Contents--Webster's 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language

A

A

Aam

Aaronic

Ab

Ab

Ab

Ab

Abacist

Aback

Abacot

Abactor

Abacus

Abacus Pythagoricus

Abacus Harmonicus

Abacus Major

Abada

Abaddon

Abaft

Abagun

Abaisance

Abalienate

Abalienation

Abandon

Abandon

Abandoned

Abandoner

Abandoning

Abandoning

Abandonment

Abanga

Abannition

Abaptiston

Abare

Abarticulation

Abas

Abase

Abased

Abasement

Abash

Abashed

Abashing

Abashment

Abasing

Abassi

Abatable

Abate

Abate

Abated

Abatement

Abater

Abating

Abator

Abattis

Abature

Abb

Abba

Abbacy

Abbatical

Abbe

Abbess

Abbey

Abbey-Lubber

Abbot

Abbotship

Abbreuvoir

Abbreviate

Abbreviated

Abbreviating

Abbreviation

Abbreviator

Abbreviators

Abbreviatory

Abbreviature

A. B. C.

Abdals

Abderite

Abdicant

Abdicate

Abdicate

Abdicated

Abdicating

Abdication

Abdicactive

Abditive

Abditory

Abdomen

Abdominal

Abdominal

Abdominal Ring

Abdominous

Abduce

Abducent

Abduction

Abductor

Abear

Abearance

Abecedarian

Abecedary

Abed

Abele

Abelians

Abelmosk

Aberrance

Aberrant

Aberration

Aberring

Aberruncate

Abet

Abet

Abetment

Abetted

Abetting

Abettor

Abevacuation

Abeyance

Abhor

Abhorred

Abhorrence

Abhorrent

Abhorrently

Abhorrer

Abhorring

Abib

Abide

Abide

Abider

Abiding

Abiding

Abidingly

Ability

Abintestate

Abject

Abject

Abject

Abjectedness

Abjection

Abjectly

Abjectness

Abjuration

Abjuratory

Abjure

Abjured

Abjurer

Abjuring

Ablactate

Ablactation

Ablaqueation

Ablation

Ablative

Able

Able-Bodied

Ablen

Ableness

Ablepsy

Abler

Ablocate

Ablocation

Ablude

Abluent

Abluent

Ablution

Ably

Abnegate

Abnegation

Abnegator

Abnodation

Abnormity

Abnormous

Aboard

Abodance

Abode

Abode

Abode

Abode

Abodement

Aboding

Abolish

Abolishable

Abolished

Abolisher

Abolishing

Abolishment

Abolition

Abominable

Abominableness

Abominably

Abominate

Abominated

Abominating

Abomination

Abord

Abord

Aborea

Aboriginal

Aboriginal

Aborigines

Aborsement

Abort

Abort

Abortion

Abortive

Abortive

Abortively

Abortiveness

Abortment

Abound

Abounding

Abounding

About

About

Above

Above

Above-Cited

Above-Ground

Above-Mentioned

Abracadabra

Abrade

Abraded

Abrading

Abrahamic

Abrasion

Abreast

Abridge

Abridged

Abridger

Abridging

Abridgment

Abroach

Abroad

Abrogate

Abrogated

Abrogating

Abrogation

Abrood

Abrooding

Abrook

Abrotanum

Abrupt

Abrupt

Abruption

Abruptly

Abruptness

Abscess

Abscind

Absciss

Abscission

Abscond

Absconder

Absconding

Absence

Absent

Absent

Absentee

Absenter

Absentment

Absinthian

Absinthiated

Absinthium

Absis

Abs.Olute

Absolutely

Absoluteness

Absolution

Absolutory

Absolvatory

Absolve

Absolved

Absolver

Absolving

Absonant

Absonous

Absorb

Absorbability

Absorbable

Absorbed

Absorbent

Absorbent

Absorbing

Absorption

Absorptive

Abstain

Abstemious

Abstemiously

Abstemiousness

Absterge

Abstergent

Abstergent

Abstersion

Abstersive

Abstinence

Abstinent

Abstinently

Abstinents

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstracted

Abstractedly

Abstractedness

Abstracter

Abstracting

Abstraction

Abstractive

Abstractive

Abstractly

Abstractness

Abstrude

Abstruse

Abstrusely

Abtruseness

Absurd

Absurdity

Absurdly

Absurdness

Abundance

Abundant

Abundantly

Abusage

Abuse

Abuse

Abused

Abuseful

Abuser

Abusing

Abusion

Abusive

Abusively

Abusiveness

Abut

Abutment

Abuttal

Aby

Abysm

Abyss

Abyssinian

Abyssinians

Ac

Acacalot

Acacia

Acacia

Acacia

Acacians

Academe

Academial

Academian

Academic

Academic

Academically

Academi&Quot;Cian

Academism

Academist

Academy

Acalot

Acamacu

Acanaceous

Acantha

Acanthaceous

Acantharis

Acanthine

Acanthopterygious

Acanthus

Acanticone

Acarnar

Acatalectic

Acatalepsy

Acatechili

Acater

Acauline

Accede

Acceding

Accelerate

Accelerated

Accelerating

Acceleration

Accelerative

Acceleratory

Accend

Accendibility

Accendible

Accension

Accent

Accent

Accented

Accenting

Accentual

Accentuate

Accentuation

Accept

Acceptable

Acceptableness

Acceptably

Acceptance

Acceptation

Accepted

Accepter

Accepting

Acception

Acceptive

Access

Accessarily

Accessariness

Accessary

Accessibility

Accessible

Accession

Accessional

Accessorial

Accessorily

Accessoriness

Accessory

Accessory

Accidence

Accident

Accidental

Accidentally

Accidentalness

Accidentiary

Accipiter

Accipitrine

Accite

Acclaim

Acclaim

Acclamation

Acclamatory

Acclimated

Acclivity

Acclivous

Accloy

Accoil

Accola

Accolade

Accommodable

Accommodate

Accommodate

Accommodated

Accommodately

Accommodateness

Accommodating

Accommodating

Accommodation

Accommodator

Accompanable

Accompanied

Accompaniment

Accompanist

Accompany

Accompany

Accompanying

Accomplice

Accomplish

Accomplished

Accomplisher

Accomplishing

Accomplishment

Accompt

Accomptant

Accord

Accord

Accord

Accordable

Accordance

Acccordant

Accorded

Accorder

According

Accordingly

Accorporate

Accost

Accost

Accostable

Accosted

Accosting

Accoucheur

Account

Account

Account

Accountability

Accountable

Accountableness

Accountant

Account-Book

Accounted

Accounting

Accounting

Accouple

Accouplement

Accourage

Accourt

Accouter

Accoutered

Accoutering

Accouterments

Accoy

Accredit

Accreditation

Accredited

Accrediting

Accrescent

Accretion

Accretive

Accroach

Accrue

Accrue

Accruing

Accrument

Accubation

Accumb

Accumbency

Accumbent

Accumulate

Accumulate

Accumulate

Accumulated

Accumulating

Accumulation

Accumulative

Accumulator

Accuracy

Accurate

Accurately

Accurateness

Accurse

Accursed

Accusable

Accusant

Accusation

Accusative

Accusatively

Accusatory

Accuse

Accused

Accuser

Accusing

Accustom

Accustom

Accustom

Accustomable

Accustomably

Accustomance

Accustomarily

Accustomary

Accustomed

Accustoming

Ace

Aceldama

Acephalous

Acephalus

Acerb

Acerbity

Aceric

Acerous

Acescency

Acescent

Aceste

Acestis

Acetabulum

Acetary

Acetate

Acetated

Acetic

Acetification

Acetify

Acetite

Acetometer

Acetous

Acetum

Ache

Ache

Achean

Acherner

Acherset

Achievable

Achievance

Achieve

Achieved

Achievement

Achiever

Achieving

Aching

Aching

Achiote

Achor

Achromatic

Acicular

Acicularly

Acid

Acid

Acidiferous

Acidifiable

Acidification

Acidified

Acidifier

Acidify

Acidifying

Acidimeter

Acidity

Acidness

Acidulate

Acidulated

Acidulating

Acidule

Acidulous

Acinaciform

Aciniform

Acinose

Acinus

Acipenser

Acitli

Acknowledge

Acknowledged

Acknowledging

Acknowledgment

Acme

Acne

Acnestis

Aco

Acolin

Acolothist

Aconite

Acontias

Acop

Acorn

Acorned

Acorus

Acotyledon

Acotyledonous

Acoustic

Acoustics

Acquaint

Acquaintance

Acquainted

Acquainting

Acquest

Acquiesce

Acquiescence

Acquiescent

Acquiescing

Acquirable

Acquire

Acquired

Acquirement

Acquirer

Acquiring

Acquiry

Acquisite

Acquisition

Acquisitive

Acquisitively

Acquist

Acquit

Acquitment

Acquittal

Acquittance

Acquitted

Acquitting

Acrase

Acrasy

Acre

Acred

Acrid

Acridness

Acrimonious

Acrimoniously

Acrimony

Acrisy

Acritude

Acroamatic

Acroatic

Acroceraunian

Acromion

Acronic

Acronically

Acrospire

Acrospired

Across

Acrostic

Acrostic

Acrostically

Acroteleutic

Acroter

Acrothymion

Act

Act

Act

Acted

Actian

Acting

Acting

Actinolite

Actinolitic

Action

Actionable

Actionably

Actionary

Active

Actively

Activeness

Activity

Actor

Actress

Actual

Actuality

Actually

Actuary

Actuate

Actuate

Actuated

Actuating

Actuation

Actus

Acuate

Acubene

Acuition

Aculeate

Aculei

Aculon

Acumen

Acuminate

Acuminated

Acumination

Acupuncture

Acuru

Acus

Acute

Acutely

Acuteness

Acutiator

Ad

Adage

Adagio

Adam

Adamant

Adamantean

Adamantine

Adamic

Adamites

Adamitic

Adansonia

Adapt

Adaptable

Adaptation

Adapted

Adapter

Adapting

Adaption

Adaptness

Adar

Adarce

Adarcon

Adarme

Adatis

Adaunt

Adaw

Adays

Add

Addecimate

Added

Addeem

Adder

Adder-Fly

Adders-Grass

Adders-Tongue

Adders-Wort

Addibility

Addible

Addice

Addict

Addict

Addicted

Addictedness

Addicting

Addiction

Adding

Additament

Addition

Additional

Additionally

Additive

Additory

Addle

Addled

Addle-Pated

Addoom

Addorsed

Address

Address

Addressed

Addresser

Addressing

Adduce

Adduced

Adducent

Adducible

Adducing

Adduction

Adductive

Adductor

Addulce

Adeb

Adelantado

Adeling

Adelite

Ademption

Adenography

Adenoid

Adenological

Adenology

Adenos

Adept

Adept

Adeption

Adequacy

Adequate

Adequate

Adequately

Adequateness

Adequation

Adessenarians

Adfected

Adfiliated

Adfiliation

Adhere

Adherence

Adherency

Adherent

Adherent

Adherently

Adherer

Adhesion

Adhesive

Adhesively

Adhesiveness

Adhibit

Adhibition

Adhil

Adhortation

Adhortatory

Adiaphorists

Adiaphorous

Adieu

Adieu

Adipocerate

Adipoceration

Adipocere

Adipose

Adit

Adjacency

Adjacent

Adjacent

Adject

Adjection

Adjectitious

Adjective

Adjectively

Adjoin

Adjoin

Adjoinant

Adjoined

Adjoining

Adjourn

Adjourn

Adjourned

Adjourning

Adjournment

Adjudge

Adjudged

Adjudging

Adjudgment

Adjudicate

Adjudicate

Adjudicated

Adjudicating

Adjudication

Adjument

Adjunct

Adjunct

Adjunction

Adjunctive

Adjunctive

Adjunctively

Adjunctly

Adjuration

Adjure

Adjured

Adjurer

Adjuring

Adjust

Adjusted

Adjuster

Adjusting

Adjustment

Adjutancy

Adjutant

Adjute

Adjutor

Adjuvant

Adlegation

Adlocution

Admeasure

Admeasured

Admeasurement

Admeasurer

Admeasuring

Admensuration

Adminicle

Adminicular

Administer

Administer

Administered

Administerial

Administering

Administrate

Administration

Administrative

Administrator

Administratorship

Administratrix

Admirable

Admirableness

Admirably

Admiral

Admiralship

Admiralty

Admiration

Admirative

Admire

Admire

Admired

Admirer

Admiring

Admiringly

Admissibility

Admissible

Admission

Admit

Admittable

Admittance

Admitted

Admitter

Admitting

Admix

Admixtion

Admixture

Admonish

Admonished

Admonisher

Admonishing

Admonishment

Admonition

Admonitioner

Admonitive

Admonitor

Admonitory

Admortization

Admove

Adnascent

Adnata

Adnate

Adnoun

Ado

Adolescence

Adolescent

Adonean

Adonia

Adonic

Adonic

Adonis

Adonis

Adonists

Adopt

Adopted

Adoptedly

Adopter

Adopting

Adoption

Adoptive

Adoptive

Adorable

Adorableness

Adorably

Adoration

Adore

Adored

Adorer

Adoring

Adorn

Adorn

Adorn

Adorned

Adorning

Adorning

Adosculation

Adossed

Adown

Adown

Adread

Adriatic

Adriatic

Adrift

Adrogation

Adroit

Adroitly

Adroitness

Adry

Adscititious

Adstriction

Adstrictory

Adularia

Adulation

Adulator

Adulatory

Adulatress

Adult

Adult

Adulterant

Adulterate

Adulterate

Adulterate

Adulterated

Adulterateness

Adulterating

Adulteration

Adulterer

Adulteress

Adulterine

Adulterine

Adulterous

Adultery

Adultness

Adumbrant

Adumbrate

Adumbration

Adunation

Aduncity

Aduncous

Adunque

Adure

Adust

Adusted

Adustion

Advance

Advance

Advance

Advanced

Advancement

Advancer

Advancing

Advancive

Advantage

Advantage

Advantageable

Advantaged

Advantage-Ground

Advantageous

Advantageously

Advantageousness

Advantaging

Advene

Advenient

Advent

Adventine

Adventitious

Adventitiously

Adventive

Adventive

Adventual

Adventure

Adventure

Adventure

Adventured

Adventurer

Adventuresome

Adventuresomeness

Adventuring

Adventurous

Adventurously

Adventurousness

Adverb

Adverbial

Adverbially

Adversaria

Adversary

Adversary

Adversative

Adversative

Adverse

Adverse

Adversely

Adverseness

Adversity

Advert

Adverted

Advertence

Advertent

Adverting

Advertise

Advertised

Advertisement

Advertiser

Advertising

Advice

Advice Boat

Advisable

Advisableness

Advise

Advise

Advised

Advisedly

Advisedness

Advisement

Adviser

Advising

Advising

Advisory

Advocacy

Advocate

Advocate

Advocated

Advocatess

Advocating

Advocation

Advoutress

Advoutry

Advowee

Advowson

Advoyer

Ady

Adz

Ae

Aed

Aedile

Aegilops

Aegis

Ael

Aelf

Aeolist

Aerate

Aerated

Aerating

Aeration

Aerial

Aerians

Aerie

Aerification

Aerified

Aeriform

Aerify

Aerography

Aerolite

Aerological

Aerologist

Aerology

Aeromancy

Aerometer

Aerometry

Aeronaut

Aeronautic

Aeronautics

Aeronautism

Aeroscopy

Aerostat

Aerostatic

Aerostation

Aery-Light

Afar

Afeard

Affa

Affability

Affable

Affableness

Affably

Affair

Affect

Affectation

Affected

Affectedly

Affectedness

Affecting

Affectingly

Affection

Affectionate

Affectionately

Affectionateness

Affectioned

Affective

Affectively

Affector

Affectuous

Affeer

Affeer

Affeered

Affeerment

Affeeror

Affettuoso

Affiance

Affiance

Affianced

Affiancer

Affiancing

Affidavit

Affied

Affile

Affiliate

Affiliation

Affinity

Affirm

Affirm

Affirmable

Affirmance

Affirmant

Affirmation

Affirmative

Affirmative

Affirmatively

Affirmed

Affirmer

Affirming

Affix

Affix

Affixed

Affixing

Affixion

Affixture

Afflation

Afflatus

Afflict

Afflicted

Afflictedness

Afflicter

Afflicting

Afflicting

Affliction

Afflictive

Afflictively

Affluence

Affluent

Affluently

Afflux

Affluxion

Afforage

Afforcement

Afford

Afforded

Affording

Afforest

Afforestation

Afforested

Afforesting

Affranchisement

Affrap

Affray

Affreight

Affreighted

Affreighter

Affreightment

Affret

Affriction

Affriended

Affright

Affright

Affrighted

Affrighter

Affrightful

Affrighting

Affrightment

Affront

Affront

Affronted

Affrontee

Affronter

Affronting

Affronting

Affrontive

Affrontiveness

Affuse

Affused

Affusing

Affusion

Affy

Affy

Afield

Afire

Aflat

Afloat

Afoot

Afore

Aforegoing

Aforehand

Aforementioned

Aforenamed

Aforesaid

Aforetime

Afoul

Afraid

Afresh

Africa

Afric

African

Afront

Aft

After

After

After

After-Account

After-Act

After-Ages

After All

After-Band

After-Birth

After-Clap

After-Comer

After-Comfort

After-Conduct

After-Conviction

After-Cost

After-Course

After-Crop

After-Days

After-Eatage

After-Endeavor

After-Game

After-Guard

After-Hope

After-Hours

After-Ignorance

After-King

After-Life

After-Liver

After-Love

After-Malice

After-Math

After-Most

After-Noon

After-Pains

After-Part

After-Piece

After-Proof

After-Repentance

After-Report

After-Sails

After-State

After-Sting

After-Storm

After-Supper

After-Swarm

After-Taste

After-Thought

After-Times

After-Tossing

Afterward

After-Wise

After-Wit

After-Wrath

After-Writer

Aga

Again

Against

Agalloch

Agalmatolite

Agape

Agape

Agaric

Agast

Agate

Agate

Agate

Agatine

Agatine

Agatized

Agaty

Agave

Agaze

Agazed

Age

Aged

Aged

Agen

Agency

Agenda

Agent

Agent

Agentship

Aggelation

Aggeneration

Agger

Aggerate

Aggeration

Agglomerate

Agglomerate

Agglomerated

Agglomerating

Agglomeration

Agglutinant

Agglutinant

Agglutinate

Agglutinated

Agglutinating

Agglutination

Agglutinative

Aggrace

Aggrace

Aggrandization

Aggrandize

Aggrandized

Aggrandizement

Aggrandizer

Aggrandizing

Aggrate

Aggravate

Aggravated

Aggravating

Aggravation

Aggregate

Aggregate

Aggregate

Aggregated

Aggregately

Aggregating

Aggregation

Aggregative

Aggregator

Aggress

Aggressing

Aggression

Aggressive

Aggressor

Aggrievance

Aggrieve

Aggrieve

Aggrieved

Aggrieving

Aggroup

Aggrouped

Aghast

Agile

Agileness

Agility

Agio

Agist

Agistment

Agistor

Agitable

Agitate

Agitated

Agitating

Agitation

Agitato

Agitator

Aglet

Aglet-Baby

Agminal

Agnail

Agnate

Agnate

Agnatic

Agnation

Agnel

Agnition

Agnize

Agnominate

Agnomination

Agnus Castus

Agnus Dei

Agnus Scythicus

Ago

Agog

Agoing

Agon

Agone

Agonism

Agonist

Agonistic

Agonistically

Agonize

Agonize

Agonizing

Agonizingly

Agony

Agood

Agouty

Agrarian

Agree

Agree

Agreeability

Agreeable

Agreeableness

Agreeably

Agreed

Agreeing

Agreeingly

Agreement

Agrestic

Agricultor

Agricultural

Agriculture

Agriculturism

Agriculturist

Agrimony

Agrippinians

Agrise

Agrise

Agrom

Agrostemma

Agrostis

Aground

Aguapecaca

Ague

Ague

Ague-Cake

Agued

Ague-Fit

Ague-Proof

Aguerry

Ague-Spell

Ague-Struck

Ague-Tree

Aguise

Aguise

Aguish

Aguishness

Aguillaneuf

Agul

Ah

Aha

Ahaniger

Ahead

Aheight

Ahiccyatli

Ahigh

Ahold

Ahovai

Ahoy

Ahriman

Ahuitla

Ahuitzote

Aia

Aicurus

Aid

Aid

Aidance

Aidant

Aiddecamp

Aided

Aider

Aiding

Aidless

Aigret

Aigulet

Aikraw

Ail

Ail

Ailing

Ailment

Aim

Aim

Aim

Aimed

Aimer

Aiming

Aimless

Air

Air

Aira

Air-Balloon

Air-Bladder

Air-Born

Air-Braving

Air-Built

Air-Drawn

Aired

Airer

Air-Gun

Air-Holder

Air-Hole

Airiness

Airing

Airing

Air-Jacket

Airless

Airling

Air-Pipe

Air-Poise

Air-Pump

Air-Sacs

Air-Shaft

Air-Stirring

Air-Thread

Air-Threatening

Air-Vessel

Airy

Airy

Airy-Flying

Aisle

Aizoon

Ajava

Ajuga

Ajuru-Catinga

Ajuru-Curau

Ajuru-Para

Ajutage

Ake

Ake

Aker

Akin

Aking

Aking

Al

Al

Alabaster

Alabaster

Alack

Alackaday

Alacriousness

Alacrity

Aladinists

Alalite

Alamire

Alamodality

Alamode

Alamode

Aland

Alarm

Alarm

Alarm-Bell

Alarmed

Alarming

Alarming

Alarmingly

Alarmist

Alarm-Post

Alarm-Watch

Alarum

Alas

Alate

Alated

Alatern

Alb

Albatros

Albeit

Albelen

Albescent

Albicore

Albigenses

Albin

Albino

Albinos

Albion

Albora

Alboro

Albugineous

Albugo

Albula

Album

Albumen

Albuminous

Alburn

Alburn

Alcahest

Alcaic

Alcaics

Alcaid

Alcanna

Alcatraz

Alcavala

Alcedo

Alchimic

Alchimically

Alchimist

Alchimistic

Alchimy

Alcmanian

Alco

Alcohol

Alcoholic

Alcoholization

Alcoholize

Alcor

Alcoran

Alcove

Alcyon

Alcyonite

Alcyonium

Alder

Alderman

Aldermanly

Aldern

Ale

Ale-Bench

Ale-Berry

Ale-Brewer

Ale-Conner

Ale-Cost

Ale-Fed

Ale-Gar

Ale-Hoof

Ale-House

Ale-House-Keeper

Ale-Knight

Ale-Shot

Ale-Silver

Ale-Stake

Ale-Taster

Ale-Vat

Ale-Washed

Ale-Wife

Alewife

Alectryomancy

Alee

Aleger

Alegge

Alembdar

Alembic

Alength

Alepidote

Alert

Alertness

Aleuromancy

Aleutian

Alexanders

Alexanders Foot

Alexandrian

Alexandrine

Alexipharmic

Alexipharmic

Alexiteriic

Alexiteric

Algarot

Algebra

Algebraic

Algebraist

Algeneb

Algerine

Algerine

Algid

Algol

Algor

Algorithm

Algous

Alhenna

Alias

Alias

Alibi

Alien

Alien

Alien

Alienability

Alienable

Alienage

Alienate

Alienate

Alienation

Alienator

Alienee

Alife

Aliferous

Aliform

Aligerous

Alight

Alike

Alike

Alike-Minded

Aliment

Alimental

Alimentally

Alimentariness

Alimentary

Alimentation

Alimonious

Alimony

Aliped

Aliped

Aliquant

Aliquot

Alish

Alive

Alkahest

Alkalescency

Alkalescent

Alkali

Alkalify

Alkalify

Alkaligenous

Alkalimeter

Alkaline

Alkalinity

Alkalizate

Alkalization

Alkalize

Alkanet

Alkekengi

Alkenna

Alkermes

Alkerva

Alkoran

Alkoranist

Alkussa

All

All

All

All-Abandoned

All-Abhorred

All-Accomplished

All-Admiring

All-Advised

All-Approved

All-Atoning

All-Bearing

All-Beauteous

All-Beholding

All-Blasting

All-Bounteous

All-Changing

All-Cheering

All-Commanding

All-Complying

All-Composing

All-Comprehensive

All-Concealing

All-Conquering

All-Conscious

All-Constraining

All-Consuming

All-Daring

All-Destroying

All-Devastating

All-Devouring

All-Dimming

All-Discovering

All-Disgraced

All-Dispensing

All-Divine

All-Divining

All-Dreaded

All-Efficient

All-Eloquent

All-Embracing

All-Ending

All-Enlightening

All-Enraged

All-Flaming

All-Fools-Day

All-Forgiving

All-Fours

All-Giver

All-Good

All-Good

All-Gracious

All-Guiding

All-Hail

All-Hallow

All-Hallow-Tide

All-Happy

All-Heal

All-Healing

All-Helping

All-Hiding

All-Honored

All-Hurting

All-Idolizing

All-Imitating

All-Informing

All-Interesting

All-Interpreting

All-Judging

All-Just

All-Kind

All-Knowing

All-Licensed

All-Loving

All-Making

All-Maturing

All-Merciful

All-Murdering

All-Obedient

All-Obeying

All-Oblivious

All-Obscuring

All-Patient

All-Penetrating

All-Perfect

All-Perfectness

All-Piercing

All-Powerful

All-Praised

All-Ruling

All-Sagacious

All-Saints-Day

All-Sanctifying

All-Saving

All-Searching

All-Seeing

All-Seer

All-Shaking

All-Shunned

All-Souls-Day

All-Spice

All-Sufficiency

All-Sufficient

All-Sufficient

All-Surrounding

All-Surveying

All-Sustaining

All-Telling

All-Triumphing

All-Watched

All-Wise

All-Witted

All-Worshiped

All-Worthy

Allagite

Allanite

Allantois

Allatrate

Allay

Allay

Allayed

Allayer

Allaying

Allayment

Alle

Allective

Allective

Alledge

Alledged

Alledger

Alledging

Allegation

Allege.

Allegeable

Allegeas

Allegement

Alleghanean

Alleghany

Allegiance

Allegiant

Allegoric

Allegorically

Allegoricalness

Allegorize

Allegorize

Allegorized

Allegorizing

Allegory

Allegretto

Allegro

Alleluiah

Allemand

Allemannic

Allerion

Alleveur

Alleviate

Alleviated

Alleviating

Alleviation

Alleviative

Alley

Alliaceous

Alliance

Alliant

Alliciency

Allicient

Allied

Alligate

Alligation

Alligator

Alligator-Pear

Alligature

Allinement

Allioth

Allision

Alliteration

Alliterative

Allocation

Allochroite

Allocution

Allodial

Allodian

Allodium

Allonge

Alloo

Allophane

Allot

Allotment

Allotted

Allottery

Allotting

Allow

Allowable

Allowableness

Allowably

Allowance

Allowance

Allowed

Allowing

Alloy

Alloy

Alloyage

Alloyed

Alloying

Allspice

Allude

Alluding

Alluminor

Allure

Allured

Allurement

Allurer

Alluring

Alluringly

Alluringness

Allusion

Allusive

Allusively

Allusiveness

Alluvial

Alluvion

Alluvious

Ally

Ally

Allying

Almacantar

Almadie

Almagest

Almagra

Almanack

Almanack-Maker

Almandine

Alme

Almena

Almightiness

Almighty

Almighty

Almond

Almond-Furnace

Almond-Tree

Almond-Willow

Almoner

Almonry

Almost

Alms

Alms-Basket

Alms-Deed

Alms-Folk

Alms-Giver

Alms-Giving

Alms-House

Alms-Men

Almucantar

Almucantars Staff

Almude

Almug

Alnage

Alnager

Alnight

Aloe

Aloes

Aloes-Wood

Aloes-Wood

Aloetic

Aloetic

Aloft

Alogians

Alogotrophy

Alogy

Alone

Alone

Alonely

Aloneness

Along

Alongst

Aloof

Alopecy

Alosa

Aloud

Alp

Alpagna

Alpha

Alphabet

Alphabet

Alphabetarian

Alphabetic

Alphabetically

Alphenix

Alphest

Alphonsin

Alphonsin Tables.

Alphus

Alpine

Alpine

Alpist

Alquier

Alquifou

Already

Also

Alt

Altaic

Altar

Altar-Cloth

Altar-Piece

Altar-Wise

Altarage

Altarist

Alter

Alter

Alterability

Alterable

Alterableness

Alterably

Alterage

Alterant

Alterant

Alteration

Alterative

Alterative

Altercate

Altercation

Altern

Alternacy

Alternal

Alternally

Alternate

Alternate

Alternate

Alternate

Alternately

Alternateness

Alternating

Alternation

Alternative

Alternative

Alternatively

Alternativeness

Alternity

Althea

Although

Altiloquence

Altimeter

Altimetry

Altin

Altincar

Altisonant

Altitude

Altivolant

Alto.

Alto-Octavo.

Alto-Ripieno.

Alto-Viola.

Alto-Violino.

Altogether

Aludel

Alum

Alum-Earth

Alumin

Aluminiform

Aluminite

Aluminous

Aluminum

Alumish

Alum-Slate

Alum-Stone

Aluta

Alutation

Alveary

Alveolar

Alveolate

Alveole

Alveolite

Alvine

Alwargrim

Alway

Ama

Amability

Amadavad

Amadetto

Amadogade

Amadot

Amadou

Amain

Amalgam

Amalgamate

Amalgamate

Amalgamated

Amalgamating

Amalgamation

Amalozk

Amandola

Amanuensis

Amaranth

Amaranth

Amaranthine

Amaritude

Amaryllis

Amass

Amass

Amassed

Amassing

Amassment

Amate

Amateur

Amatorial

Amatorially

Amaurosis

Amaze

Amaze

Amazed

Amazedly

Amazedness

Amazement

Amazing

Amazingly

Amazon

Amazonian

Amb

Ambages

Ambassador

Ambe

Amber

Amber

Amber

Amber-Drink

Amber-Dropping

Amber-Seed

Amber-Tree

Ambergris

Ambidexter

Ambidexterity

Ambidextrous

Ambient

Ambigenal

Ambigu

Ambiguity

Ambiguous

Ambiguously

Ambiguousness

Ambilogy

Ambiloquous

Ambit

Ambition

Ambition

Ambitious

Ambitiously

Ambitiousness

Amble

Amble

Ambler

Ambligon

Ambligonal

Ambligonite

Ambling

Amblingly

Amblyopy

Ambo

Ambreada

Ambrosia

Ambrosial

Ambrosian

Ambrosin

Ambry

Ambs-Ace

Ambulant

Ambulation

Ambulator

Ambulatory

Ambulatory

Ambury

Ambuscade

Ambuscade

Ambuscaded

Ambuscading

Ambush

Ambush

Ambush

Ambushed

Ambushing

Ambushment

Ambustion

Ameiva

Amel

Ameliorate

Ameliorate

Amelioration

Amen.

Amenable

Amenage

Amenance

Amend

Amend

Amend

Amendable

Amendatory

Amended

Amender

Amending

Amendment

Amends

Amenity

Ament

Amentaceous

Amerce

Amerced

Amercement

Amercer

America

American

American

Americanism

Americanize

Americim

Amethodist

Amethyst

Amethyst

Amethystine

Amia

Amiable

Amiableness

Amiably

Amianth

Amianthiform

Amianthinite

Amianthoid

Amianthoid

Amicable

Amicableness

Amicably

Amice

Amid

Amid-Ships

Amilot

Amiss

Amity

Amma

Amman

Ammite

Ammocete

Ammochryse

Ammodyte

Ammonia

Ammoniac

Ammoniac

Ammonian

Ammonite

Ammonium

Ammoniuret

Ammunition

Amnesty

Amnios

Amniotic

Amobean

Amobeum

Amomum

Among

Amonian

Amorado

Amore

Amoreans

Amoret

Amorist

Amoroso

Amorous

Amorously

Amorousness

Amorpha

Amorphous

Amorphy

Amort

Amortization

Amortize

Amotion

Amount

Amount

Amounting

Amour

Amoval

Amove

Ampelite

Amphibial

Amphibiolite

Amphibiological

Amphibiology

Amphibious

Amphibiousness

Amphibium

Amphibole

Amphibolic

Amphibological

Amphibologically

Amphibology

Amphibolous

Amphiboly

Amphibrach

Amphicome

Amphictyonic

Amphictyons

Amphigene

Amphihexahedral

Amphimacer

Amphisben

Amphiscii

Amphitane

Amphitheater

Amphitheatral

Amphitheatrical

Amphitrite

Amphor

Ample

Ampleness

Amplexicaul

Ampliate

Ampliation

Amplification

Amplified

Amplifier

Amplify

Amplify

Amplifying

Amplitude

Amply

Amputate

Amputated

Amputating

Amputation

Amulet

Amuse

Amused

Amusement

Amuser

Amusing

Amusingly

Amusive

Amygdalate

Amygdalate

Amygdaline

Amygdalite

Amygdaloid

Amygdaloidal

Amylaceous

Amyline

Amyraldism

Amyztli

An

An

Ana

Ana

Anabaptism

Anabaptist

Anabaptistic

Anabaptistry

Anabaptize

Anaca

Anacamptic

Anacamptics

Anacardium

Anacathartic

Anacathartic

Anachoret

Anachronism

Anachronistic

Anaclastic

Anaclastics

Anacoenosis

Anaconda

Anacreontic

Ancreontic

Anademe

Anadiplosis

Anadromous

Anaglyph

Anaglyptic

Anagoge

Anagogical

Anagogically

Anagogics

Anagram

Anagrammatic

Anagrammatically

Anagrammatism

Anagrammatist

Anagrammatize

Anagros

Anal

Analcim

Analects

Analemma

Analepsis

Analeptic

Analeptic

Analogal

Analogical

Analogically

Analogicalness

Analogism

Analogist

Analogize

Analogous

Analogy

Analysis

Analyst

Analytic

Analytically

Analytics

Analyze

Analyzed

Analyzer

Analyzing

Anamorph Osis

Ananas

Anapest

Anapestic

Anapestic

Anaphora

Anaplerotic

Anaplerotic

Anarch

Anarchic

Anarchist

Anarchy

Anarhichas

Anas

Anasarca

Anasarcous

Anastomose

Anastomosy

Anastomotic

Anastomotic

Anastrophe

Anatase

Anathema

Anathematical

Anathematically

Anathematization

Anathematize

Anathematized

Anathematizing

Anatiferous

Anatocism

Anatomical

Anatomically

Anatomist

Anatomize

Anatomized

Anatomizing

Anatomy

Anatreptic

Anatron

Anbury

Ancestor

Ancestral

Ancestry

Anchilops

Anchor

Anchor

Anchor

Anchorable

Anchorage

Anchored

Anchoress

Anchoret

Anchor-Ground

Anchor-Hold

Anchoring

Anchor-Smith

Anchovy

Anchovy-Pear

Ancient

Ancient

Anciently

Ancientness

Ancientry

Ancienty

Ancienty

Ancillary

Ancipital

Ancome

Ancon

Ancone

Ancony

And

Andalusite

Andante

Andarac

Andean

Andira

Andiron

Andorinha

Andranatomy

Andreolite

Androgynal

Androgynally

Androgynus.

Android

Andromeda

Androphagi

Anear

Anecdote

Anecdotical

Anele

Anemography

Anemology

Anemometer

Anemone

Anemoscope

Anent

Aneurism

Aneurismal

Anew

Anfractuous

Anfractuousness

Angariation

Angeiotomy

Angel

Angel

Angel

Angel

Angel-Age

Angel-Fish

Angelic

Angelica

Angelically

Angelicalness

Angelites

Angel-Like

Angelology

Angelot

Angel-Shot

Angel-Winged

Angel-Worship

Anger

Anger

Angerly

Angina

Angiography

Angiology

Angiomonospermous

Angiosperm

Angiospermous

Angiotomy

Angle

Angle

Angle

Angled

Angler

Angle-Rod

Anglic

Anglicism

Anglicize

Angling

Angling

Anglo-Danish

Anglo-Norman

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

Angola-Pea

Angor

Angred

Angrily

Angry

Angsana

Angu

Anguifer

Anguilla

Anguilliform

Anguish

Anguish

Anguished

Angular

Angularity

Angularly

Angularness

Angulated

Angulous

Angust

Angustation

Angusticlave

Anhelation

Anhelose

Anhima

Anhydrite

Anhydrous

Aniented

Anight

Anil

Anility

Animadversion

Animadversive

Animadvert

Animadverter

Animadverting

Animal

Animal

Animalcule

Animal-Flower

Animalization

Animalize

Animalized

Animalizing

Animate

Animate

Animated

Animating

Animation

Animative

Animator

Anime

Anime

Animetta

Animosity

Aninga

Anise

Anise Seed

Anker

Ankle

Ankle-Bone

Annalist

Annalize

Annals

Annats

Anneal

Annealed

Annealing

Annex

Annex

Annexation

Annexed

Annexing

Annexion

Annexment

Annihilable

Annihilate

Annihilated

Annihilating

Annihilation

Anniversarily

Anniversary

Anniversary

Anno Domini

Annomination

Annona

Annotate

Annotation

Annotator

Annotta

Announce

Announced

Announcement

Announcer

Announcing

Annoy

Annoy

Annoyance

Annoyed

Annoyer

Annoyful

Annoying

Annoyous

Annual

Annual

Annually

Annuitant

Annuity

Annul

Annular

Annulary

Annulated

Annulet

Annulled

Annulling

Annulment

Annumerate

Annumeration

Annunciate

Annunciation

Annunciator

Anodyne

Anodyne

Anoint

Anointed

Anointed

Anointer

Anointing

Anointing

Anointment

Anole

Anomaliped

Anomaliped

Anomalism

Anomalistic

Anomalous

Anomalously

Anomaly

Anomeans

Anomia

Anomite

Anomorhomboid

Anomy

Anon

Anonymous

Anonymously

Anoplother

Anopsy

Anorexy

Another

Another-Gaines

Another-Gates

Another-Guise

Anotta

Ansated

Anser

Anserine

Ansers

Anslaight

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answerable

Answerableness

Answerably

Answered

Answerer

Answering

Answer-Jobber

Ant

Ant

Ant

Ant-Bear

Ant-Eggs

Ant-Hill

Anta

Antacid

Antacrid

Antagonism

Antagonist

Antagonist

Antagonistic

Antagonize

Antagony

Antalgic

Antanaclasis

Antanagoge

Antaphrodisiac

Antaphrodisiac

Antaphroditic

Antaphroditic

Antapoplectic

Antarctic

Antares

Antarthritic

Antarthritic

Antasthmatic

Antasthmatic

Ante

Ante

Anteact

Antecedaneous

Antecede

Antecedence

Antecedent

Antecedent

Antecedently

Antecessor

Antechamber

Antechapel

Antecian

Antecursor

Antedate

Antedate

Antediluvial

Antediluvian

Antelope

Antelucan

Antemeridian

Antemetic

Antemetic

Antemundane

Antenicene

Antennae

Antenumber

Antenuptial

Antepaschal

Antepast

Antepenult

Antepenultimate

Antephleptic

Antepileptic

Anteposition

Antepredicament

Anterior

Anteriority

Anteroom

Antes

Antestature

Antestomach

Antevert

Antevirgilian

Anthelmintic

Anthelmintic

Anthem

Anthem-Wise

Anthemis

Anther

Antheral

Antheriferous

Anthesterion

Anthological

Anthology

Anthonys Fire

Anthophyllite

Anthorism

Anthracite

Anthracolite

Anthrax

Anthropoglot

Anthropography

Anthropolite

Anthropological

Anthropologist

Anthropology

Anthropomancy

Anthropomorphism

Anthropomorphite

Anthropomorphous

Anthropopathy

Anthropophagi

Anthropophagous

Anthropophagy

Anthroposcopy

Anthroposophy

Anthypnotic

Anthypochondriac

Anthypophora

Anthysteric

Anti

Antiacid

Antiacid

Antiamerican

Antiarthritic

Antiarthritic

Antiasthmatic

Antiasthmatic

Antibacchius

Antibasilican

Antic

Antic

Antic

Anticachectic

Anticachectic

Anticatarrhal

Anticatarrhal

Anticausotic

Anticausotic

Anti-Chamber

Anti-Christ

Antichristian

Antichristian

Antichristianism

Antichristianity

Antichronism

Anticipate

Anticipated

Anticipating

Anticipation

Anticipator

Anticipatory

Anticlimax

Anticly

Anticmask

Anticonstitutional

Anticonstitutionalist

Anticontagionist

Anticontagionist

Anticontagious

Anticonvulsive

Anticor

Anticosmetic

Anticosmetic

Anticourt

Anticourtier

Anticreator

Antidemocratic

Antidotal

Antidote

Antidotical

Antidotically

Antidysenteric

Antidysenteric

Antiemetic

Antiemetic

Antienneahedral

Antienthusiastic

Antientry

Antiepiscopal

Antievangelical

Antiface

Antifanatic

Antifebrile

Antifebrile

Antiflattering

Antigugler

Antihectic

Antihectic

Antihypnotic

Antihypnotic

Antihypochondriac

Antihypochondriac

Antihypophora

Antihysteric

Antihysteric

Antilogarithm

Antilogy

Antimagistrical

Antimaniac

Antimask

Antimetabole

Antimetathesis

Antimeter

Antimetrical

Antiministerial

Antiministerialist

Antimonarchical

Antimonarchicalness

Antimonial

Antimonial

Antimoniate

Antimoniated

Antimonic

Antimonious

Antimonite

Antimony

Antimoralist

Antimusical

Antinephritic

Antinephritic

Antinomian

Antinomian

Antinomianism

Antinomist

Antinomy

Antiochian

Antipapal

Antipapistic

Antiparallel

Antiparalytic

Antiparalytic

Antipathetic

Antipatheticalness

Antipathy

Antipatriotic

Antipedobaptist

Antiperistaltic

Antiperistasis

Antiperistatic

Antipestilential

Antiphlogistian

Antiphlogistic

Antiphlogistic

Antiphon

Antiphonal

Antiphonary

Antiphoner

Antiphony

Antiphrasis

Antiphrastic

Antipodal

Antipode

Antipoison

Antipope

Antiport

Antiprelatical

Antipriest

Antipriestcraft

Antiprinciple

Antiprophet

Antiptosis

Antipuritan

Antiquaraian

Antiquarianism

Antiquary

Antiquate

Antiquated

Antiquatedness

Antiquation

Antique

Antique

Antiqueness

Antiquity

Antirevolutionary

Antirevolutionist

Antisabbatarian

Antisabian

Antisacerdotal

Antiscian

Antiscorbutic

Antiscorbutic

Antiscripturism

Antiscripturist

Antiseptic

Antiseptic

Antisocial

Antispasis

Antispasmodic

Antispasmodic

Antispastic

Antisplenetic

Antistasis

Antistes

Antistrophe

Antistrophon

Antistrumatic

Antithesis

Antithetic

Antitrinitarian

Antitrinitarian

Antitrinitarianism

Antitype

Antitypical

Antivariolous

Antivenereal

Antler

Antlered

Antonian

Antonomasia

Antosiandrian

Anvil

Anxiety

Anxious

Anxiously

Anxiousness

Any

Any-Wise

Aonian

Aorist

Aoristic

Aorta

Aortal

Aouta

Apace

Apagoge

Apagogical

Apalachian

Apanthropy

Aparithmesis

Apart

Apartment

Apathetic

Apathy

Apatite

Ape

Ape

Apeak

Apennine

Apennine

Apepsy

Aper

Aperient

Aperient

Aperitive

Apert

Apertion

Apertly

Apertness

Apertor

Aperture

Apetalous

Apetalousness

Apex

Aphanite

Aphelion

Apheresis

Aphidivorous

Aphilanthropy

Aphis

Aphlogistic

Aphony

Aphorism

Aphorismer

Aphoristic

Aphoristically

Aphrite

Aphrizite

Aphrodisiac

Aphrodisiac

Aphrodite

Aphrodite

Aphthong

Aphthous

Aphyllous

Apiary

Apiaster

Apices

Apiece

Apis

Apis

Apish

Apishly

Apishness

Apitpat

Aplanatic

Aplome

Apluster

Apocalypse

Apocalyptic

Apocalyptically

Apocopate

Apocopated

Apocopating,

Apocope

Apocrisary

Apocrustic

Apocrustic

Apocrypha

Apocryphal

Apocryphally

Apocryphalness

Apodal

Apode

Apodictic

Apodictically

Apodosis

Apogee

Apogon

Apograph

Apollinarian

Apollinarians

Apollyon

Apologetic

Apologetically

Apologist

Apologize

Apologue

Apology

Aponeurosis

Apopemptic

Apophasis

Apophlegmatic

Apophlegmatic

Apophlegmatism

Apophlegmatizant

Apophthegm

Apophyge

Apophyllite

Apophysis

Apoplectic

Apoplectic

Apoplexed

Apoplexy

Aporon

Apory

Aposiopesis

Apostasy

Apostate

Apostate

Apostatical

Apostatize

Apostatizing

Apostemate

Apostemation

Apostematous

Aposteme

A-Posteriori

Apostle

Apostle-Ship

Apostolate

Apostolic

Apostolically

Apostolicalness

Apostolics

Apostrophe

Apostrophic

Apostrophize

Apostrophized

Apostrophizing

Apostume

Apotactite

Apothecary

Apothegm

Apothegmatic

Apothegmatist

Apothegmatize

Apotheme

Apotheosis

Apothesis

Apotome

Apotrepsis

Apotropy

Apozem

Apozemical

Appair

Appair

Appall

Appall

Appalled

Appalling

Appallment

Appanage

Apparatus

Apparel

Apparel

Appareled

Appareling

Apparence

Apparent

Apparently

Appartion

Apparitor

Appay

Appeach

Appeachment

Appeal

Appeal

Appeal

Appeal

Appealable

Appealant

Appealed

Appealer

Appealing

Appear

Appear

Appearance

Appearer

Appearing

Appearing

Appeasable

Appeasableness

Appease

Appeased

Appeasement

Appeaser

Appeasive

Appellant

Appellate

Appellate

Appellation

Appellative

Appellative

Appellatively

Appellatory

Appellee

Appellor

Append

Appendage

Appendance

Appendant

Appendant

Appended

Appendicate

Appendication

Appendicle

Appending

Appendix

Apperceive

Apperception

Apperil

Appertain

Appertaining

Appertainment

Appertenence

Appertinent

Appertinent

Appetence

Appetent

Appetibility

Appetible

Appetite

Appetition

Appetitive

Appian

Applaud

Applauded

Applauder

Applauding

Applause

Applausive

Apple

Apple

Apple-Graft

Apple-Harvest

Apple-Pie

Apple-Sauce

Apple-Tart

Apple-Tree

Apple-Woman

Apple-Yard

Appliable

Appliance

Applicability

Applicable

Applicableness

Applicably

Applicant

Applicate

Applicate-Ordinate

Application

Applicative

Applicatory

Applicatory

Applied

Appliedly

Applier

Appliment

Apply

Apply

Applying

Appoint

Appointable

Appointed

Appointee

Appointer

Appointing

Appointment

Apporter

Apportion

Apportioned

Apportioner

Apportioning

Apportionment

Appose

Apposer

Apposite

Appositely

Appositeness

Apposition

Appraise

Appraisement

Appraiser

Appreciable

Appreciate

Appreciate

Appreciated

Appreciating

Appreciation

Apprehend

Apprehended

Apprehender

Apprehending

Apprehensible

Apprehension

Apprehensive

Apprehensively

Apprehensiveness

Apprentice

Apprentice

Apprenticehood

Apprenticeship

Apprentisage

Apprest

Apprise

Apprised

Apprising

Apprize

Apprized

Apprizement

Apprizer

Apprizing

Apprizing

Approach

Approach

Approach

Approachable

Approacher

Approachment

Approbate

Approbate

Approbated

Approbating

Approbation

Approbative

Approbatory

Apprompt

Approof

Approperate

Appropinquate

Appropinquation

Appropinque

Appropriable

Appropriate

Appropriate

Appropriated

Appropriateness

Appropriating

Appropriation

Appropriator

Approprietary

Approvable

Approval

Approvance

Approve

Approved

Approvement

Approver

Approving

Approving

Approximant

Approximate

Approximate

Approximate

Approximation

Approximative

Appulse

Appulsion

Appulsive

Appurtenance

Appurtenant

Apricate

Apricity

Apricot

April

Apron

Aproned

Apron-Man

Apropos

Apsis

Apt

Apt

Aptable

Aptate

Apter

Apteral

Aptitude

Aptly

Aptness

Aptote

Apyrexy

Apyrous

Aqua

Aquarian

Aquarius

Aquatic

Aquatic

Aquatile

Aquatinta

Aqueduct

Aqueous

Aqueousness

Aquila

Aquiline

Aquilon

Aquitanian

Arabesque

Arabian

Arabian

Arabic

Arabic

Arabically

Arabism

Arabist

Arable

Araby

Arachnoid

Arachnoid

Arachosian

Araignee

Araise

Aramean

Aramism

Araneous

Araucanian

Arbalist

Arbalister

Arbiter

Arbitrable

Arbitrament

Arbitrarily

Arbitrariness

Arbitrarious

Arbitrariously

Arbitrary

Arbitrate

Arbitrate

Arbitration

Arbitrator

Arbitress

Arbor

Arborator

Arboreous

Arborescence

Arborescent

Arborescent Star-Fish

Arboret

Arborist

Arborization

Arborize

Arbuscle

Arbuscular

Arbustive

Arbustum

Arbute

Arbutean

Arc

Arcade

Arcadian

Arcadics

Arcane

Arcanum

Arcboutant

Arch

Arch

Arch

Arch

Arch

Archaism

Archangel

Archangelic

Archapostate

Archapostle

Archarchitect

Archbeacon

Archbishop

Archbishopric

Archbotcher

Archbuilder

Archbutler

Archchamberlain

Archchacellor

Archchanter

Archchimic

Archconspirator

Archcount

Archcritic

Archdapifer

Archdeacon

Archdeaconry

Archdeaconship

Archdivine

Archdruid

Archducal

Archduchess

Archduchy

Archduke

Archdukedom

Arched

Archenemy

Archeological

Archeology

Archer

Archeress

Archery

Arches-Court

Archetypal

Archetype

Archeus

Archfelon

Archfiend

Archflamen

Archflatterer

Archfoe

Archfounder

Archgovernor

Archheresy

Archheretic

Archhierey

Archhypocrite

Archiater

Archical

Archidiaconal

Archiepiscopal

Archil

Archilochian

Archimagus

Archimandrite

Arching

Arching

Archipelago

Architect

Architective

Architectonic

Architectonics

Architectress

Architectural

Architecture

Architrave

Archival

Archivault

Archives

Archivist

Archlike

Archlute

Archly

Archmagician

Archmarshal

Archness

Archon

Archonship

Archontics

Archpastor

Archphilosopher

Archpillar

Archpoet

Archpolitician

Archpontiff

Archprelate

Archpresbyter

Archpresbytery

Archpriest

Archprimate

Archprophet

Archprotestant

Archpublican

Archrebel

Archtraitor

Archtreasurer

Archtreasurership

Archtyrant

Archvillain

Archvillany

Archwise

Arctation

Arctic

Arcturus

Arcuate

Arcuation

Arcubalist

Arcubalister

Ard

Ardency

Ardent

Ardently

Ardentness

Ardor

Arduous

Arduously

Arduousness

Are

A-Re

Area

Aread

Areal

Areek

Arefaction

Arefy

Arena

Arenaceous

Arenation

Arendalite

Arendator

Arenilitic

Arenose

Areole

Areometer

Areometrical

Areometry

Areopagitic

Areopagite

Areopagus

Areotic

Areotic

Aretology

Argal

Argean

Argent

Argental

Argentate

Argentation

Argent-Horned

Argentic

Argentiferous

Argentina

Argentine

Argentine

Argil

Argil

Argillaceous

Argilliferous

Argillite

Argillitic

Argillocalcite

Argillomurite

Argillous

Argive

Argo

Argo-Navis

Argoan

Argolic

Argolics

Argonaut

Argonauta

Argonautic

Argonautics

Argosy

Argue

Argue

Argued

Arguer

Arguing

Arguing

Argument

Argumental

Argumentation

Argumentative

Argumentatively

Argus

Argus-Shell

Argute

Arguteness

Arian

Arian

Arianism

Arianize

Arid

Aridas

Aridity

Aries

Arietate

Arietation

Arietta

Aright

Aril

Arillated

Ariman

Ariolation

Arioso

Arise

Arising

Arista

Aristarchy

Aristocracy

Aristocrat

Aristocratic

Aristocratically

Aristocraticalness

Aristotelian

Aristotelian

Aristotelianism

Aristotelic

Arithmancy

Arithmetic

Arithmetic

Arithmetically

Arithmetician

Ark

Arkite

Arkite

Arktizite

Arm

Arm

Arm

Armada

Armadillo

Armament

Armamentary

Armature

Armed

Armenia

Armenian

Arme-Puissant

Armful

Armgaunt

Armhole

Armigerous

Armillary

Arming

Armings

Arminian

Arminian

Arminianism

Armipotence

Armipotent

Armisonous

Armistice

Armless

Armlet

Armor

Armor-Bearer

Armorer

Armorial

Armoric

Armoric

Armorican

Armorist

Armory

Armpit

Arms

Arms-End

Army

Arnoldist

Arnot

Arnotto

Arnuts

Aroma

Aromatic

Aromatic

Aromatite

Aromatization

Aromatize

Aromatized

Aromatizer

Aromatizing

Aromatous

Aroph

Arose

Around

Around

Aroura

Arouse

Aroused

Arousing

Arow

Aroynt

Arpeggio

Arpent

Arquebusade

Arquebuse

Arquebusier

Arrach

Arrack

Arragonite

Arraign

Arraign

Arraigned

Arraigning

Arraignment

Arraiment

Arrange

Arranged

Arrangement

Arranger

Arranging

Arrant

Arrantly

Arras

Array

Array

Arrayed

Arrayer

Arraying

Arrear

Arrear

Arrearage

Arrect

Arrentation

Arreptitious

Arrest

Arrest

Arrestation

Arrested

Arrester

Arresting

Arrestment

Arret

Arret

Arride

Arriere

Arrival

Arrivance

Arrive

Arrive

Arriving

Arroba

Arrogance

Arrogancy

Arrogant

Arrogantly

Arrogantness

Arrogate

Arrogated

Arrogating

Arrogation

Arrogative

Arrondisment

Arrosion

Arrow

Arrow-Grass

Arrow-Head

Arrow-Root

Arrowy

Arse

Arse-Smart

Arsenal

Arseniac

Arseniate

Arsenic

Arsenical

Arsenicate

Arsenicated

Arsenious

Arsenite

Arshine

Arson

Art

Art

Artemisia

Arterial

Arteriotomy

Artery

Artful

Artfully

Artfulness

Arthritic

Arthritis

Arthrodia

Artic

Artichoke

Article

Article

Article

Articled

Articular

Articulate

Articulate

Articulated

Articulately

Articulateness

Articulating

Articulation

Artifice

Artificer

Artificial

Artificiality

Artificially

Artificialness

Artillery

Artisan

Artist

Artless

Artlessly

Artlessness

Artotyrite

Arts-Man

Arundelian

Arundinaceous

Arundineous

Arura

Aruspex

Aruspice

Aruspicy

As

As

Asa

Asa-Dulcis

Asa-Fetida

Asbestine

Asbestinite

Asbestus

Ascaris

Ascend

Ascend

Ascendable

Ascendant

Ascendant

Ascended

Ascendency

Ascending

Ascension

Ascension-Day

Ascensive

Ascent

Ascertain

Ascertainable

Ascertained

Ascertainer

Ascertaining

Ascertainment

Ascessancy

Ascetic

Ascetic

Ascian

Ascitans

Ascites

Ascitic

Ascititious

Asclepiad

Ascribable

Ascribe

Ascribed

Ascribing

Ascription

Ascriptitious

Ash

Ash

Ashame

Ashamed

Ashamedly

Ash-Colored

Ashen

Ashes

Ash-Fire

Ash-Hole

Ashlar

Ashlering

Ashore

Ashwednesday

Ash-Weed

Ashy

Ashy-Pale

Asian

Asiarch

Asiatic

Asiatic

Asiaticism

Aside

Asinego

Asinine

Ask

Ask

Askance

Asked

Asker

Askew

Asking

Aslake

Aslani

Aslant

Asleep

Aslope

Aslug

Asmonean

Asmonean

Asomatous

Asp

Aspalathus

Asparagin

Asparagus

Aspect

Aspect

Aspectable

Aspected

Aspection

Aspen

Aspen

Asper

Asper

Asper

Asperate

Asperation

Asperifoliate

Asperifolious

Asperity

Asperous

Asperse

Asperser

Aspersion

Asphalt

Asphaltic

Asphaltite

Asphodel

Asphurelates

Asphyxy

Aspic

Aspic

Aspirant

Aspirate

Aspirate

Aspirate

Aspirate

Aspirated

Aspirating

Aspiration

Aspire

Aspirer

Aspiring

Aspiring

Aspiring

Asportation

Asquint

Ass

Assai

Assail

Assailable

Assailant

Assailant

Assailed

Assailer

Assailing

Assailment

Assapanic

Assaron

Assart

Assart

Assassin

Assassinate

Assassinate

Assassinated

Assassinating

Assassination

Assassinator

Assassinous

Assassins

Assation

Assault

Assault

Assaultable

Assaulted

Assaulter

Assaulting

Assay

Assay

Assay

Assay-Balance

Assayed

Assayer

Assaying

Assay-Master

Assecurance

Assecuration

Assecure

Assecution

Assemblage

Assemblance

Assemble

Assemble

Assembled

Assembler

Assembling

Assembling

Assembly

Assembly-Room

Assent

Assent

Assentation

Assentator

Assentatorily

Assenter

Assenting

Assentingly

Assentment

Assert

Asserted

Asserting

Assertion

Assertive

Assertively

Assertor

Assertory

Assess

Assess

Assessable

Assessed

Assessing

Assession

Assessionary

Assessment

Assessor

Assets

Assever

Asseveration

Ass-Head

Assideans

Assident

Assiduate

Assiduity

Assiduous

Assiduously

Assiduousness

Assiento

Assign

Assign

Assignable

Assignat

Assignation

Assigned

Assignee

Assigner

Assigning

Assignment

Assignor

Assimilable

Assimilate

Assimilate

Assimilated

Assimilating

Assimilation

Assimilative

Assimulate

Assimulation

Assist

Assist

Assistance

Assistant

Assistant

Assisted

Assister

Assisting

Assistless

Assize

Assize

Assized

Assizer

Assizor

Ass-Like

Assober

Associability

Associable

Associate

Associate

Associate

Associate

Associated

Associateship

Associating

Association

Associational

Associative

Assoil

Assoil

Assonance

Assonant

Assort

Assort

Assorted

Assorting

Assortment

Assot

Assuage

Assuage

Assuaged

Assuagement

Assuager

Assuaging

Assuasive

Assuefaction

Assuetude

Assume

Assume

Assumed

Assumer

Assuming

Assuming

Assuming

Assumpsit

Assumpt

Assumpt

Assumption

Assumptive

Assurance

Assure

Assured

Assured

Assuredly

Assuredness

Assurer

Assurgent

Assuring

Asswage.

Astacite

Asteism

Aster

Asterias

Asteriated

Asteriatite

Asterisk

Asterism

Asterite

Astern

Asteroid

Asteroidal

Asteropode

Astert

Asthenic

Asthenology

Asthma

Asthmatic

Astipulate

Astone

Astoned

Astonish

Astonished

Astonishing

Astonishing

Astonishingly

Astonishingness

Astonishment

Astound

Astraddle

Astragal

Astral

Astray

Astrea

Astrict

Astrict

Astricted

Astricting

Astriction

Astrictive

Astrictory

Astriferous

Astrigerous

Astringe

Astringed

Astringency

Astringent

Astringent

Astringer

Astringing

Astrite

Astrography

Astroit

Astrolabe

Astrologer

Astrologic

Astrologically

Astrologize

Astrology

Astronomer

Astronomic

Astronomically

Astronomize

Astronomy

Astroscope

Astroscopy

Astro-Theology

Astrut

Astute

Asunder

Aswoon

Asylum

Asymmetral

Asymmetry

Asymptote

Asymptotical

Asyndeton

At

Atabal

Atacamite

Atagas

Atamasco

Ataraxy

Ataxy

Atche

Ate

Ate

Atellan

Atellan

A Tempo Giusto.

Athanasian

Athanor

Atheism

Atheist

Atheist

Atheistic

Atheistically

Atheisticalness

Atheize

Athel

Athenian

Athenian

Atheologian

Atheology

Atheous

Atherine

Atheroma

Atheromatous

Athirst

Athlete

Athletic

Athwart

Athwart

Atilt

Atimy

Atlantian

Atlantic

Atlantic

Atlantica

Atlantides

Atlantis

Atlas

Atmometer

Atmosphere

Atmospheric

Atom

Atomic

Atomism

Atomist

Atom-Like

Atomy

Atone

Atone

Atone

Atoned

Atonement

Atoner

Atonic

Atoning

Atony

Atop

Atrabilarian

Atrabilariousness

Atramental

Atramentarious

Atrip

Atrocious

Atrociously

Atrociousness

Atrocity

Atrophy

Atropia

Attach

Attachable

Attached

Attaching

Attachment

Attack

Attack

Attacked

Attacker

Attacking

Attacottic

Attagen

Attain

Attain

Attainable

Attainableness

Attainder

Attainment

Attaint

Attaint

Attainted

Attainting

Attaintment

Attainture

Attask

Attaste

Attemper

Attemperance

Attemperate

Attemperate

Attempered

Attempering

Attemperly

Attempt

Attempt

Attemptable

Attempted

Attempter

Attempting

Attend

Attend

Attendance

Attendant

Attendant

Attended

Attender

Attending

Attent

Attentates

Attention

Attentive

Attentively

Attentiveness

Attenuant

Attenuant

Attenuate

Attenuate

Attenuated

Attenuating

Attenuation

Atterate

Atterated

Atteration

Attest

Attest

Attestation

Attested

Attesting

Attestor

Attic

Attic

Atticism

Atticize

Atticize

Attics

Attire

Attire

Attired

Attirer

Attiring

Attitle

Attitude

Attollent

Attollent

Attorn

Attorney

Attorney

Attorneyship

Attorning

Attornment

Attract

Attract

Attractability

Attractable

Attracted

Attractic

Attractile

Attracting

Attractingly

Attraction

Attractive

Attractively

Attractiveness

Attractor

Attrahent

Attrap

Attrectation

Attributable

Attribute

Attribute

Attributed

Attributing

Attribution

Attributive

Attributive

Attrite

Attriteness

Attrition

Attune

Attuned

Attuning

Atwain

Atween

Atwixt

Atwo

Aubaine

Auburn

Auction

Auctionary

Auctioneer

Auctioneer

Aucupation

Audacious

Audaciously

Audaciousness

Audacity

Audeanism

Audible

Audibleness

Audibly

Audience

Audient

Audit

Audit

Audit-House

Auditive

Auditor

Auditorship

Auditory

Auditory

Auditress

Auf

Augean

Auger

Auger-Hole

Aught

Augite

Augitic

Augment

Augment

Augment

Augmentable

Augmentation

Augmentative

Augmenter

Augmenting

Augur

Augur

Augur

Augural

Augurate

Auguration

Augured

Augurer

Augurial

Augurize

Augurous

Augury

August

August

Augustan

Augustinians

Augustins

Augustness

Auk

Aularian

Auletic

Aulic

Aumail

Aumbry

Aume

Aune

Aunt

Aura

Aurate

Aurate

Aurated

Aurelia

Aurelian

Auric

Auricle

Auricula

Auricular

Auricularly

Auriculate

Auriculated

Auriferous,

Auriga

Aurigation

Auripigmentum

Auriscalp

Aurist

Aurochs

Aurora

Auroral

Aurum

Auscultation

Auspicate

Auspice

Auspicious

Auspiciously

Auspiciousness

Auster

Austere

Austerely

Austereness

Austerity

Austral

Australasia

Austrian

Austrian

Austrine

Austromancy

Authentic

Authentically

Authenticalness

Authenticate

Authenticated

Authenticating

Authentication

Authenticity

Authenticness

Author

Author

Authoress

Authoritative

Authoritatively

Authoritativeness

Authority

Authorization

Authorize

Authorized

Authorizing

Authorship

Autobiography

Autocrasy

Autocrat

Autocratic

Autocratrix

Autograph

Autographic

Automalite

Automath

Automatic

Automaton

Automatous

Autonomous

Autonomy

Autopsy

Autoptical

Autoptically

Autumn

Autumnal

Autumnal

Auxesis

Auxiliar

Auxiliaries

Auxiliary

Avail

Avail

Avail

Available

Availableness

Availably

Availing

Availment

Avails

Avalanche

Avant

Avantguard

Avanturine

Avarice

Avaricious

Avariciously

Avariciousness

Avarous

Avast

Avaunt

Avemary

Avenaceous

Avenage

Avener

Avenge

Avengeance

Avenged

Avengement

Avengement

Avengeress

Avenging

Avens

Aventine

Aventure

Avenue

Aver

Average

Average

Average

Average

Averaged

Averaging

Averment

Avernat

Avernian

Averpenny

Averred

Averring

Averroist

Averruncate

Averruncation

Aversation

Averse

Aversely

Averseness

Aversion

Avert

Avert

Averter

Averting

Aviary

Avidiously

Avidity

Avigato

Avile

Avise

Avise

Avisement

Avocate

Avocation

Avocative

Avoid

Avoid

Avoidable

Avoidance

Avoided

Avoider

Avoiding

Avoidless

Avoirdupois

Avolation

Avoset

Avouch

Avouch

Avouchable

Avouched

Avoucher

Avouching

Avouchment

Avow

Avow

Avowable

Avowal

Avowant

Avowed

Avowedly

Avowee

Avower

Avowing

Avowry

Avowtry

Avulsed

Avulsion

Await

Await

Awaiting

Awake

Awake

Awake

Awaken

Awakened

Awakener

Awakening

Award

Award

Award

Awarded

Awarder

Awarding

Aware

Aware

Awarn

Awatcha

Away

Awe

Awe

Aweary

Aweather

Awe-Commanding

Awed

Aweigh

Awe-Inspiring

Awe-Struck

Awful

Awfully

Awfulness

Awhape

Awhile

Awk

Awkward

Awkwardly

Awkwardness

Awl

Awless

Awlwort

Awm

Awn

Awning

Awnless

Awny

Awoke

Awork

Aworking

Awry

Ax

Axayacat

Axestone

Axiform

Axil

Axillar

Axinite

Axinomancy

Axiom

Axiomatic

Axis

Axle

Axolote

Ay

Aye

Ayle

Ayry

Azarole

Azerit

Azimuth

Azote

Azoth

Azotic

Azotite

Azure

Azure

Azure

Azured

Azure-Stone

Azurn

Azyme

Azymite

Azymous

B

B

Baa

Baa

Baal

Babble

Babble

Babble

Babblement

Babbler

Babbling

Babbling

Babe

Babel

Babery

Babish

Babishly

Baboon

Baby

Baby

Baby

Babyhood

Baby-House

Babylonian

Babylonian

Babylonic

Babylonics

Babyroussa

Bac

Bacca

Baccalureate

Baccated

Bacchanal

Bacchanal

Bacchanalian

Bacchanals

Bacchic

Bacchius

Bacciferous

Baccivorous

Bachelor

Bachelorship

Back

Back

Back

Back

Backbite

Backbiter

Backbiting

Backbitingly

Backboard

Backbone

Backcarry

Backdoor

Backed

Backed

Backfriend

Backgammon

Background

Backhanded

Backhanded

Backhouse

Backing

Backpainting

Backpiece

Backreturn

Backroom

Backs

Backset

Backside

Backslide

Backslider

Backsliding

Backstaff

Backstairs

Backstays

Backsword

Backward

Backward

Backward

Backwardly

Backwardness

Backworm

Bacon

Bacule

Baculite

Baculometry

Bad

Bad

Badge

Badge

Badger

Badger

Badger-Legged

Badiaga

Badiane

Badigeon

Badinage

Badly

Badness

Baffetas

Baffle

Baffle

Baffle

Baffled

Baffler

Baffling

Bag

Bag

Bag

Bagatelle

Baggage

Baggage

Bagging

Bagging

Bagnio

Bagpipe

Bagpiper

Bagre

Bagreef

Baguet

Bahar

Baigne

Baikalite

Bail

Bail

Bailable

Bailbond

Bailed

Bailee

Bailer

Bailiff

Bailiwick

Bailment

Bailpiece

Bairn

Bait

Bait

Bait

Bait

Bait

Bait

Baited

Baiting

Baize

Bake

Bake

Baked

Bakehouse

Bakemeats

Baken

Baker

Baker-Foot

Baker-Legged

Bakery

Baking

Baking

Balan

Balance

Balance

Balance

Balanced

Balance Fish

Balancer

Balance-Reef

Balancing

Balancing

Balanite

Balass

Balaustine

Balcony

Bald

Baldachin

Balderdash

Balderdash

Baldly

Baldness

Baldpate

Baldpated

Baldrick

Bale

Bale

Bale

Balearic

Baleful

Balefully

Balister

Balize

Balk

Balk

Balked

Balker

Balking

Ball

Ball

Ball

Ballad

Ballad

Ballader

Ballad-Maker

Ballad-Monger

Balladry

Ballad-Singer

Ballad-Style

Ballad-Tune

Ballad-Writer

Ballarag

Ballast

Ballast

Ballasted

Ballasting

Ballasting

Ballated

Ballatoon

Ballatry

Ballet

Balliage

Balliards

Ballister

Ballistic

Ballistics

Balloon

Balloon

Ballot

Ballot

Ballotade

Ballotation

Ballot-Box

Balm

Balm

Balmy

Balneal

Balneary

Balneation

Balneatory

Balsam

Balsamation

Balsamic

Balsamic

Balsamine

Balsam-Sweating

Baltic

Baltic

Baluster

Balustered

Balustrade

Bam

Bamboo

Bamboozle

Bamboozler

Ban

Ban

Ban

Banana

Band

Band

Band

Bandage

Bandana

Bandbox

Banded

Bander

Banderet

Bandied

Banding

Bandit

Bandle

Bandlet

Bandog

Bandoleers

Bandon

Bandore

Bandrol

Bandstring

Bandy

Bandy

Bandy

Bandying

Bandy-Leg

Bandy-Legged

Bane

Bane

Bane Berry

Baneful

Banefully

Banefulness

Bane Wort

Bang

Bang

Bangle

Banian

Banish

Banished

Banisher

Banishing

Banishment

Bank

Bank

Bankable

Bank-Bill

Banked

Banker

Banking

Banking

Bankrupt

Bankrupt

Bankrupt

Bankruptcy

Bankrupted

Bankrupting

Bankrupt-Law

Bankrupt-System

Bank-Stock

Banner

Bannered

Banneret

Bannerol

Bannock

Banoy

Banquet

Banquet

Banquet

Banqueted

Banqueter

Banqueting

Banqueting

Banqueting-House

Banqueting-Room

Banquette

Banshee

Banstickle

Banter

Banter

Bantered

Banterer

Bantering

Bantling

Baptism

Baptismal

Baptist

Baptistery

Baptistic

Baptize

Baptized

Baptizer

Baptizing

Bar

Bar

Barb

Barb

Barbacan

Barbadoes-Cherry

Barbadoes Tar

Barbarian

Barbarian

Barbaric

Barbarism

Barbarity

Barbarize

Barbarous

Barbarously

Barbarousness

Barbary

Barbastel

Barbate

Barbe

Barbecue

Barbecue

Barbed

Barbel

Barber

Barber

Barber-Chirurgeon

Barberess

Barber-Monger

Barberry

Barbet

Bard

Bard

Barded

Bardesanists

Bardic

Bardish

Bardism

Bare

Bare

Bare

Barebone

Bareboned

Bared

Barefaced

Barefacedly

Barefacedness

Barefoot

Barefoot

Barefooted

Baregnawn

Bareheaded

Barelegged

Barely

Barenecked

Bareness

Barepicked

Bareribbed

Bargain

Bargain

Bargain

Bargainee

Barge

Barge-Couples

Barge-Course

Bargeman

Bargemaster

Barger

Barilla

Baritone

Barium

Bark

Bark

Bark

Bark

Bark-Bared

Bark-Bound

Barked

Barker

Bark-Galled

Barking

Barky

Barley

Barley-Brake

Barley-Broth

Barley-Corn

Barley-Mow

Barley-Sugar

Barley-Water

Barm

Barmy

Barn

Barnacle

Barolite

Barometer

Barometrical

Barometrically

Baron

Baronage

Baroness

Baronet

Baronial

Barony

Baroscope

Baroscopic

Baroselenite

Barra

Barracada

Barracan

Barrack

Barrack-Master

Barracuda

Barrator

Barratry

Barred

Barrel

Barrel

Barrel-Bellied

Barreled

Barreling

Barren

Barren

Barrenly

Barrenness

Barrenwort

Barrful

Barricade

Barricade

Barricado

Barrier

Barring

Barrister

Barrow

Barrow

Barrow

Barrow

Barse

Barshot

Barter

Barter

Barter

Bartered

Barterer

Bartering

Bartery

Barton

Bartram

Barystrontianite

Baryta

Barytic

Baryto-Calcite

Barytone

Barytone

Basal

Basalt

Basaltic

Basaltiform

Basaltine

Basanite

Base

Base

Base

Base-Born

Base-Court

Based

Baseless

Basely

Basement

Base-Minded

Base-Mindedness

Baseness

Basenet

Base-String

Base-Viol

Bash

Bashaw

Bashful

Bashfully

Bashfulness

Bashless

Basil

Basil

Basil

Basil

Basil-Weed

Basilar

Basilic

Basilic

Basilic

Basilicon

Basilisk

Basin

Basis

Bask

Bask

Basked

Basket

Basket

Basket-Fish

Basket-Hilt

Basket-Hilted

Basket-Salt

Basket-Woman

Basking

Basking-Shark

Basquish

Bass

Bass

Bass

Bass

Bass-Relief

Bass-Viol

Bassa

Basset

Basset

Basseting

Basseting

Basso-Concertante

Basso-Continuo

Basso-Repieno

Basso-Relievo

Basso-Violino

Bassock

Bassoon

Bassoonist

Bast

Bastard

Bastard

Bastard

Bastard

Bastardism

Bastardize

Bastardly

Bastards

Bastardy

Bastarnic

Baste

Baste

Basted

Bastile

Bastinade

Bastinade

Basting

Basting

Bastion

Basto

Baston

Bat

Bat

Bat

Bat-Fowler

Bat-Fowling

Batable

Batatas

Batavian

Batavian

Batch

Bate

Bate

Bate

Bate-Breeding

Bateful

Bateless

Batement

Bateau

Batenites

Batful

Bath

Bath-Room

Bathe

Bathe

Bathed

Bather

Bathing

Bathing

Bathing-Tub

Bathos

Bating

Batinist

Batist

Batlet

Batman

Batoon

Batrachite

Batrachomyomachy

Batracian

Batracian

Battable

Battailant

Battailous

Battalia

Battalion

Battalioned

Battel

Battel

Battel

Battel

Batteler

Battement

Batten

Batten

Batten

Batten

Batter

Batter

Batter

Battered

Batterer

Battering

Battering-Ram

Battery

Batting

Battish

Battle

Battle

Battle

Battle-Array

Battle-Ax

Battle-Door

Battlement

Battlemented

Battling

Battologist

Battologize

Battology

Batton

Battory

Battulate

Battulation

Batty

Batz

Baubee

Bauge

Baulk

Bavaroy

Bavin

Bawble

Bawbling

Baw-Cock

Bawd

Bawd

Bawd-Born

Bawdily

Bawdiness

Bawdrick

Bawdry

Bawdy

Bawdy-House

Bawl

Bawl

Bawled

Bawling

Bawling

Bawn

Bawrel

Bawsin

Baxterian

Bay

Bay

Bay

Bay

Bay

Bay

Bay-Salt

Bay-Window

Bay-Yarn

Bayard

Bayardly

Bayed

Bayonet

Bayonet

Bays

Bazar

Bazat

Bdellium

Be

Be

Beach

Beached

Beachy

Beacon

Beaconage

Bead

Bead-Maker

Bead-Proof

Bead-Roll

Bead-Tree

Beads-Man

Beads-Woman

Beadle

Beadleship

Beagle

Beak

Beak

Beaked

Beaker

Beakiron

Beal

Beal

Beam

Beam-Bird

Beam-Tree

Beam

Beam

Beam

Beaming

Beaming

Beamless

Beamy

Bean

Bean-Caper

Bean-Cod

Bean-Fed

Bean-Fly

Bean-Goose

Bear

Bear

Bear Cloth

Bear

Bear-Baiting

Bear-Berry

Bear-Bind

Bears-Breech

Bears-Ear

Bears Ear Sanicle

Bear-Fly

Bears-Foot

Bear-Garden

Bear-Garden

Bear-Whelp

Bears Wort

Beard

Beard

Bearded

Bearded

Beard-Grass

Bearding

Beardless

Beardlessness

Bearer

Bearherd

Bearing

Bearing

Bearish

Bearlike

Bearn

Bearward

Beast

Beastlike

Beastliness

Beastly

Beat

Beat

Beat

Beat

Beater

Beater-Up

Beath

Beatific

Beatifically

Beatification

Beatify

Beating

Beating

Beatitude

Beau

Beauish

Beau-Monde

Beauteous

Beauteously

Beauteousness

Beautifier

Beautiful

Beautifully

Beautifulness

Beautify

Beautify

Beauty

Beauty

Beauty-Spot

Beauty-Waning

Beaver

Beavered

Bebleed

Beblood

Beblot

Beblubbered

Becabunga

Becafico

Becalm

Becalmed

Becalming

Becalming

Became

Because

Becharm

Bechance

Bechic

Beck

Beck

Beck

Beck

Becked

Becket

Becking

Beckon

Beckon

Beckoned

Beckoning

Beclip

Becloud

Become

Become

Becoming

Becoming

Becomingly

Becomingness

Becripple

Becurl

Bed

Bed

Bed

Bedabble

Bedabbled

Bedabbling

Bedaff

Bedaggle

Bedaggled

Bedare

Bedark

Bedash

Bedashed

Bedashing

Bedaub

Bedaubed

Bedaubing

Bedazzle

Bedazzled

Bedazzling

Bedchamber

Bed-Clothes

Bedded

Bedder

Bedding

Bedding

Bedeck

Bedecked

Bedecking

Bedehouse

Bedel

Bedelry

Bedew

Bedewed

Bedewer

Bedewing

Bedewy

Bedfellow

Bed-Hangings

Bedight

Bedighted

Bedighting

Bedim

Bedimmed

Bedimming

Bedizen

Bedizened

Bedizening

Bedlam

Bedlam

Bedlamite

Bedmaker

Bedmate

Bed-Molding

Bedote

Bedpost

Bedpresser

Bedraggle

Bedraggled

Bedraggling

Bedrench

Bedrenched

Bedrenching

Bedrid

Bedrite

Bedroom

Bedrop

Bedropped

Bedside

Bedstaff

Bedstead

Bedstraw

Bedswerver

Bedtime

Beduck

Bedust

Bedward

Bedwarf

Bedwork

Bedye

Bedyed

Bee

Bee-Bread

Bee-Eater

Bee-Flower

Bee-Garden

Bee-Glue

Bee-Hive

Bee-Master

Beech

Beech-Coal

Beechen

Beechmast

Beech-Oil

Beech-Tree

Beef

Beef

Beef-Eater

Beef-Steak

Beef-Witted

Beeld

Been

Been

Beer

Beer-Barrel

Beer-House

Beestings

Beet

Beetle

Beetle

Beetle-Brow

Beetle-Browed

Beetle-Head

Beetle-Headed

Beetle-Stock

Beetling

Beet-Rave

Beeves

Befall

Befall

Befalling

Befell

Befit

Befitting

Befoam

Befool

Befooled

Befooling

Before

Before

Beforehand

Before-Time

Befortune

Befoul

Befriend

Befriended

Befriending

Befringe

Befringed

Beg

Beg

Beg

Beget

Begetter

Beggable

Beggar

Beggar

Beggared

Beggaring

Beggarliness

Beggarly

Beggarly

Beggar-Maid

Beggar-Man

Beggar-Woman

Beggary

Begged

Begging

Begging

Beghards

Begilt

Begin

Begin

Beginner

Beginning

Beginning

Beginningless

Begird

Begirded

Begirding

Beglerbeg

Begnaw

Begone

Begored

Begot

Begrave

Begrease

Begrime

Begrimed

Begrudge

Beguile

Beguiled

Beguiler

Beguiling

Beguilty

Beguin

Begun

Behalf

Behappen

Behave

Behave

Behaved

Behaving

Behavior

Behead

Beheaded

Beheading

Beheading

Beheld

Behemoth

Behen

Behest

Behight

Behind

Behind

Behindhand

Behold

Behold

Beholden

Beholder

Beholding

Beholdingness

Behoney

Behoof

Behoovable

Behoove

Behooveful

Behoovefully

Behot

Behove

Behowl

Being

Being

Bejade

Bejape

Bekiss

Beknave

Beknow

Belabor

Belace

Belaced

Belamour

Belamy

Belate

Belated

Belatedness

Belave

Belawgive

Belay

Belayed

Belaying

Belch

Belch

Belched

Belching

Belching

Beldam

Beleaguer

Beleaguered

Beleaguerer

Beleaguring

Beleave

Belee

Belemnite

Beleper

Belfry

Belgard

Belgian

Belgian

Belgic

Belial

Belibel

Belie

Belied

Belief

Believable

Believe

Believe

Believed

Believer

Believing

Believingly

Belike

Belikely

Belive

Bell

Bell

Bell-Fashioned

Bell-Flower

Bell-Founder

Bell-Man

Bell-Metal

Bell-Pepper

Bell-Ringer

Bell-Shaped

Bell-Wether

Bell-Wort

Belladonna

Bellatrix

Belle

Belled

Belles-Lettres

Bellibone

Belligerent

Belligerent

Belligerous

Belling

Bellipotent

Bellique

Bellon

Bellona

Bellow

Bellow

Bellowing

Bellowing

Bellows

Bellows-Fish

Belluine

Belly

Belly

Belly

Belly-Ache

Belly-Ache Bush

Belly-Band

Belly-Bound

Belly-Cheer

Belly-Fretting

Bellyful

Belly-God

Bellying

Belly-Pinched

Belly-Roll

Belly-Slave

Belly-Timber

Belly-Worm

Belock

Belomancy

Belone

Belong

Belonging

Belonging

Beloved

Below

Below

Belowt

Belswagger

Belt

Belt

Beluga

Belvidere

Belye

Bema

Bemad

Bemangle

Bemask

Bemaze

Bemete

Bemingle

Bemire

Bemist

Bemoan

Bemoanable

Bemoaned

Bemoaner

Bemoaning

Bemock

Bemock

Bemoil

Bemol

Bemonster

Bemourn

Bemused

Ben

Bench

Bench

Bencher

Bend

Bend

Bend

Bend

Bendable

Bended

Bender

Bending

Bendlet

Bend-With

Bendy

Bene

Beneaped

Beneath

Beneath

Benedict

Benedictine

Benedictines

Benediction

Benefaction

Benefactor

Benefactress

Benefice

Beneficed

Beneficeless

Beneficence

Beneficent

Beneficently

Beneficial

Beneficially

Beneficialness

Beneficiary

Beneficiary

Beneficiency

Beneficient

Benefit

Benefit

Benefit

Benefited

Benefiting

Beneme

Benempne

Beneplaciture

Benet

Benevolence

Benevolent

Benevolently

Bengal

Bengalee

Bengalese

Benight

Benighted

Benign

Benignant

Benignity

Benignly

Benison

Benjamin

Bennet

Bennet Fish

Bent

Bent

Bent

Benting-Time

Benum

Benummed

Benumming

Benzoate

Benzoic

Benzoin

Bepaint

Bepale

Bepinch

Bepinched

Bepowder

Bepraise

Bepurple

Bequeath

Bequeathed

Bequeathing

Bequeathment

Bequest

Berain

Berate

Berattle

Beray

Berberry

Bere

Bereave

Bereaved

Bereavement

Bereaving

Bereft

Berengarianism

Berg

Bergamot

Bergander

Bergeret

Bergmanite

Bergmaster

Bergmote

Berhyme

Berlin

Berluccio

Berme

Bernacle

Bernardine

Bernardins

Berob

Beroe

Berried

Berry

Berry

Berry-Bearing

Bert

Berth

Bertram

Beryl

Beryl-Crystal

Berylline

Besaint

Besayle

Bescatter

Bescorn

Bescratch

Bescrawl

Bescreen

Bescreened

Bescribble

Bescumber

Besee

Beseech

Beseecher

Beseeching

Beseek

Beseem

Beseeming

Beseeming

Beseemly

Beseen

Beset

Besetting

Besetting

Beshine

Beshrew

Beshut

Beside

Besides

Beside

Besidery

Besiege

Besieged

Besieger

Besieging

Besieging

Besit

Beslave

Beslime

Beslubber

Besmear

Besmeared

Besmearer

Besmearing

Besmirch

Besmoke

Besmoked

Besmut

Besmutted

Besnowed

Besnowed

Besnuff

Besnuffed

Besom

Besom

Besort

Besort

Besot

Besotted

Besottedly

Besottedness

Besotting

Besought

Bespangle

Bespangled

Bespangling

Bespatter

Bespattered

Bespattering

Bespawl

Bespeak

Bespeaker

Bespeaking

Bespeaking

Bespeckle

Bespice

Bespirt

Bespit

Bespoke

Bespot

Bespotted

Bespotting

Bespread

Besprinkle

Besprinkled

Besprinkler

Besprinkling

Best

Best

Best-Tempered

Bestain

Bestead

Bestial

Bestiality

Bestialize

Bestially

Bestick

Bestir

Bestirred

Bestirring

Bestness

Bestorm

Bestow

Bestowal

Bestowed

Bestower

Bestowing

Bestowment

Bestraddle

Bestraught

Bestrew

Bestrewed

Bestride

Bestriding

Bestrown

Bestuck

Bestud

Bestudded

Bestudding

Beswike

Bet

Bet

Bet

Betake

Betaken

Betaking

Betaught

Beteem

Betel

Bethink

Bethink

Bethlehem

Bethlemite

Bethought

Bethrall

Bethump

Betide

Betide

Betime

Betoken

Betokened

Betokening

Betony

Betook

Betorn

Betoss

Betrap

Betray

Betrayed

Betrayer

Betraying

Betrim

Betrimmed

Betrimming

Betroth

Betrothed

Betrothing

Betrothment

Betrust

Betrusted

Betrusting

Betrustment

Betso

Better

Better

Better

Better

Bettered

Bettering

Bettor

Betty

Betumbled

Between

Betwixt

Bevel

Bevel

Bevel

Bevel

Beveled

Beveling

Beveling

Beveling

Bevelment

Bever

Bever

Beverage

Bevile

Bevy

Bewail

Bewail

Bewailable

Bewailed

Bewailing

Bewailing

Bewake

Beware

Beweep

Beweep

Bewept

Bewet

Bewilder

Bewildered

Bewildering

Bewinter

Bewitch

Bewitched

Bewitcher

Bewitchery

Bewitchful

Bewitching

Bewitching

Bewitchingly

Bewitchment

Bewondered

Bewrap

Bewray

Bewrayed

Bewrayer

Bewraying

Bewreck

Bewrought

Bey

Beyond

Beyond

Bezan

Bezant

Bezantler

Bezel

Bezoar

Bezoardic

Bezoardic

Bezola

Bezzle

Bhuchampac

Bia

Biangulate

Biarmian

Bias

Bias

Bias-Drawing

Biased

Biasing

Bib

Bib

Bibacious

Bibacity

Bibber

Bibble-Babble

Bibio

Bible

Bibler

Biblical

Bibliographer

Bibliographic

Bibliography

Bibliolite

Bibliomancy

Bibliomania

Bibliomaniac

Bibliopolist

Bibliothecal

Bibliothecry

Bibliotheke

Biblist

Bibracteate

Bibulous

Bicapsular

Bicarbonate

Bicauda

Bice

Bicipital

Bicker

Bickerer

Bickering

Bickerment

Bickern

Bicorn

Bicorn

Bid

Bid

Bid

Bidale

Bidder

Bidding

Bidding

Bide

Bide

Bidens

Bidental

Bidet

Biding

Biding

Bidon

Biennial

Biennially

Bier

Bier-Balk

Biestings

Bifarious

Bifariously

Biferous

Bifid

Biflorous

Bifold

Biform

Biformed

Biformity

Bifurcate

Bifurcation

Big

Big

Bigam

Bigamist

Bigamy

Bigbellied

Bigboned

Bigcorned

Bigeminate

Biggel

Biggin

Bight

Bigly

Bignamed

Bigness

Bigot

Bigot

Bigotedly

Bigotry

Bigsounding

Bigswoln

Big-Uddered

Bihydroguret

Bijugous

Bilabiate

Bilamellate

Bilander

Bilateral

Bilberry

Bilbo

Bilboes

Bild

Bildstein

Bile

Bile

Bileduct

Bilestone

Bilge

Bilge

Bilged

Bilge-Pump

Bilge-Water

Biliary

Bilingsgate

Bilinguous

Bilious

Biliteral

Bilk

Bilked

Bilking

Bill

Bill

Bill

Bill

Bill

Billard

Billet

Billet

Billet

Billeting

Billiard

Billiards

Billion

Billow

Billow

Billow-Beaten

Billowing

Billowy

Bilobed

Bilocular

Bilva

Bimanous

Bimedial

Bin

Binacle

Binary

Binary

Binate

Bind

Bind

Bind

Binder

Bindery

Binding

Binding

Binding

Bind-Weed

Bing

Binocle

Binocular

Binomial

Binominous

Binotonous

Biographer

Biographic

Biography

Biotina

Biparous

Bipartible

Bipartient

Bipartite

Bipartition

Biped

Bipedal

Bipennate

Bipetalous

Bipinnatifid

Biquadrate

Biquadratic

Biquadratic

Biquintile

Biradiate

Birch

Birch

Bird

Bird

Birdbolt

Bird-Cage

Birdcall

Bird-Catcher

Bird-Catching

Bird-Cherry

Birder

Bird-Eye

Birdeyed

Birding-Piece

Bird-Like

Bird-Lime

Bird-Limed

Bird-Man

Bird-Pepper

Birdseye

Birdsfoot

Birdsfoot-Trefoil

Birdsnest

Birdstares

Bird-Witted

Bireme

Birgander

Birhomoidal

Birken

Birostrate

Birt

Birth

Birth

Birthday

Birthdom

Birthing

Birthnight

Birthplace

Birthright

Birth-Song

Birth-Strangled

Birthwort

Bisa

Biscotin

Biscuit

Bisect

Bisected

Bisecting

Bisection

Bisegment

Bisexous

Bishop

Bishop

Bishop

Bishoplike

Bishopric

Bishopsweed

Bishopswort

Bisk

Bisket

Bismuth

Bismuthal

Bismuthic

Bison

Bissextile

Bissextile

Bisson

Bister

Bistort

Bistoury

Bisulcous

Bisulphuret

Bit

Bit

Bit

Bit

Bitch

Bite

Bite

Biter

Biternate

Biting

Biting

Bitingly

Bitless

Bitmouth

Bittacle

Bitten

Bitter

Bitter

Bitter

Bitter-Gourd

Bitterish

Bitterishness

Bitterly

Bittern

Bittern

Bitterness

Bitters

Bitter-Salt

Bitter-Spar

Bitter-Sweet

Bittervetch

Bitter-Wort

Bittour

Bitts

Bitt

Bitume

Bitumen

Bituminate

Bituminated

Bituminiferous

Bituminize

Bituminous

Bivalve

Bivalve

Bivaulted

Biventral

Bivious

Bivouac

Bivouac

Bixwort

Bizantine

Blab

Blab

Blab

Blabber

Blabbing

Black

Black

Black

Black-Act

Black-Ball

Black-Ball

Black-Bar

Black-Berry

Black-Bird

Black-Book

Black-Browed

Black-Bryony

Black-Cap

Black-Cattle

Black-Chalk

Black-Cock

Black-Eagle

Black-Earth

Blacked

Blacken

Blacken

Blackener

Black-Eyed

Black-Faced

Black-Fish

Black-Forest

Black-Friar

Black-Guard

Blacking

Blacking

Blackish

Black-Jack

Black-Lead

Black-Legs

Blackly

Black-Mail

Black-Monday

Black-Monks

Black-Moor

Black-Mouthed

Blackness

Black-Pudding

Black-Rod

Black Sea

Black-Sheep

Blacksmith

Black-Tail

Black-Thorn

Black-Tin

Black-Visaged

Black-Wadd

Black-Work

Blad-Apple

Bladder

Bladdered

Bladder-Nut

Bladder-Senna

Bladdery

Blade

Blade

Blade-Bone

Bladed

Blade-Smith

Blain

Blamable

Blamableness

Blamably

Blame

Blame

Blamed

Blameful

Blameless

Blamelessly

Blamelessness

Blamer

Blameworthiness

Blameworthy

Blaming

Blancard

Blanch

Blanch

Blanched

Blancher

Blanchimeter

Blanching

Blanc-Manger

Bland

Blandiloquence

Blandish

Blandisher

Blandishing

Blandishing

Blandishment

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blanked

Blanket

Blanket

Blanketing

Blanketing

Blankly

Blare

Blare

Blasphme

Blaspheme

Blasphemer

Blaspheming

Blasphemous

Blasphemously

Blasphemy

Blast

Blast

Blasted

Blaster

Blasting

Blasting

Blastment

Blatant

Blatter

Blatterer

Blay

Blaze

Blaze

Blaze

Blazed

Blazer

Blazing

Blazing

Blazing-Star

Blazon

Blazon

Blazoned

Blazoner

Blazoning

Blazonry

Blea

Bleach

Bleach

Bleached

Bleacher

Bleachery

Bleaching

Bleaching

Bleak

Bleak

Bleakness

Bleaky

Blear

Blear

Blearedness

Blear-Eyed

Bleat

Bleat

Bleating

Bleating

Bleb

Bled

Bleed

Bleed

Bleeding

Bleeding

Bleit

Blemish

Blemish

Blemished

Blemishing

Blemishless

Blemishment

Blench

Blench

Blench

Blencher

Blench-Holding

Blend

Blend

Blend

Blended

Blender

Blending

Blendous

Blend-Water

Blenny

Blent

Bless

Blessed

Blessed

Blessed-Thistle

Blessedly

Blessedness

Blesser

Blessing

Blessing

Blest

Blest

Bletonism

Bletonist

Blew

Bleyme

Blicea

Blight

Blight

Blin

Blind

Blind

Blind

Blind

Blinded

Blindfold

Blindfold

Blindfolded

Blindfolding

Blinding

Blindly

Blindmans Ball

Blindmans Buff

Blindness

Blindnettle

Blinds

Blind Serpent

Blindside

Blind Vessel

Blindworm

Blink

Blink

Blink

Blinkard

Blinking

Bliss

Blissful

Blissfully

Blissfulness

Blissless

Blissom

Blister

Blister

Blister

Blistered

Blistering

Blite

Blithe

Blitheful

Blithely

Blitheness

Blithesome

Blithesomeness

Bloat

Bloat

Bloat

Bloated

Bloatedness

Bloating

Blobber

Blobberlip

Blobberlipped

Block

Block

Blockade

Blockade

Blockaded

Blockading

Blockhead

Blockheaded

Blockheadly

Blockhouse

Blockish

Blockishly

Blockishness

Blocklike

Block-Tin

Blomary

Blonket

Blood

Blood

Blood-Bespotted

Blood-Boltered

Blood-Consuming

Blooded

Blood-Flower

Blood-Frozen

Blood-Guiltiness

Blood-Hot

Blood-Hound

Bloodily

Bloodiness

Blooding

Bloodless

Blood-Let

Blood-Letter

Bloodletting

Bloodpudding

Blood-Red

Blood-Root

Bloodshed

Bloodshedder

Bloodshedding

Bloodshot

Bloodsnake

Blood-Spavin

Blood-Stained

Bloodstone

Blood-Sucker

Blood-Sucking

Blood-Thirsty

Blood-Vessel

Blood-Warm

Blood-Wite

Blood-Wood

Blood-Wort

Bloody

Bloody

Bloody

Bloody-Eyed

Bloody-Faced

Bloody-Flux

Bloody-Hand

Bloody-Hunting

Bloody-Minded

Bloody-Red

Bloody-Sceptered

Bloody-Sweat

Bloom

Bloom

Bloom

Bloom

Blooming

Bloomingly

Bloomy

Blore

Blossom

Blossom

Blossoming

Blossoming

Blot

Blot

Blotch

Blotch

Blote

Bloted

Blotted

Blotter

Blotting

Blow

Blow

Blow

Blow

Blow-Ball

Blower

Blowing

Blowing

Blown

Blow-Pipe

Blow-Point

Blowth

Blowze

Blowzy

Blub

Blubber

Blubber

Blubber

Blubbered

Blubbering

Bludgeon

Blue

Blue

Blue-Bird

Blue-Bonnet

Blue-Bottle

Blue-Cap

Blue-Eyed

Blue-Fish

Blue-Haired

Blue-John

Bluely

Blueness

Blue-Throat

Blue-Veined

Bluff

Bluff

Bluff-Bowed

Bluff-Headed

Bluffness

Bluish

Bluishness

Blunder

Blunder

Blunderbuss

Blunderer

Blunderhead

Blundering

Blunderingly

Blunt

Blunt

Blunted

Blunting

Blunting

Bluntly

Bluntness

Bluntwitted

Blur

Blur

Blurred

Blurring

Blurt

Blush

Blush

Blushet

Blushing

Blushless

Blushy

Bluster

Bluster

Blusterer

Blustering

Blustering

Blustrous

Bo

Boa

Boar

Boar-Spear

Boar

Board

Board

Board

Boardable

Boarded

Boarder

Boarding

Boarding-School

Board-Wages

Boarish

Boast

Boast

Boast

Boaster

Boastful

Boasting

Boasting

Boastingly

Boastive

Boastless

Boat

Boat

Boatable

Boat-Bill

Boat-Fly

Boat-Hook

Boating

Boating

Boation

Boatman

Boat-Rope

Boat-Shaped

Boatswain

Bob

Bob

Bob

Bobance

Bobbed

Bobbin

Bobbing

Bobbinwork

Bob-Cherry

Bobo

Bobstays

Bobtail

Bob-Tailed

Bob-Wig

Bocaque

Bocasine

Boce

Bockelet

Bockland

Bode

Bode

Bode

Bodement

Bodge

Bodge

Bodice

Bodied

Bodiless

Bodily

Bodily

Boding

Boding

Bodkin

Bodleian

Body

Body

Body-Clothes

Body-Guard

Bog

Bog

Bog-Bean

Bog-Berry

Boggle

Boggle

Boggled

Boggler

Boggling

Bogglish

Boggy

Boghouse

Bog-Land

Bogle

Bog-Ore

Bog-Rush

Bog-Spavin

Bog-Trotter

Bog-Whort

Bohea

Boiar

Boiarin

Boiguacu

Boil

Boil

Boil

Boiled

Boiler

Boilery

Boiling

Boiling

Boiobi

Boisterous

Boisterously

Boisterousness

Boitiapo

Bolary

Bolbitine

Bold

Bold

Bolden

Bold-Face

Bold-Faced

Boldly

Boldness

Bole

Bole

Boletic

Boletus

Bolis

Boll

Boll

Bolognian Stone

Bolster

Bolster

Bolstered

Bolsterer

Bolstering

Bolt

Bolt

Bolt

Bolt-Auger

Bolt-Boat

Bolted

Bolter

Bolt-Head

Bolting

Bolting

Bolting-Cloth

Bolting-House

Bolting-Hutch

Bolting-Mill

Bolting-Tub

Bolt-Rope

Bolt-Sprit

Bolus

Bom

Bomb

Bomb

Bomb

Bombard

Bombard

Bombarded

Bombardier

Bombarding

Bombardment

Bombardo

Bombasin

Bombast

Bombast

Bombastic

Bombastry

Bomb-Chest

Bombiat

Bombic

Bombilation

Bomb-Ketch

Bombycinous

Bona-Fide

Bona-Roba

Bonair

Bonasus

Bon Chretien

Bond

Bond

Bond

Bondage

Bonded

Bondmaid

Bondman

Bondservant

Bondservice

Bondslave

Bondsman

Bondswoman

Bonduc

Bone

Bone

Bone-Ace

Bone-Ache

Boned

Boned

Bonelace

Boneless

Bone-Set

Bone-Set

Bone-Setter

Bone-Setting

Bone-Spavin

Bonetta

Bonfire

Bongrace

Bonify

Bonito

Bonmot

Bonnet

Bonnet-Pepper

Bonnibel

Bonnilass

Bonnily

Bonniness

Bonny

Bonny

Bonny-Clabber

Bonten

Bonum Magnum

Bony

Bonze

Booby

Book

Book

Book-Account

Bookbinder

Bookbinding

Booked

Bookful

Booking

Bookish

Bookishly

Bookishness

Bok-Keeper

Book-Keeping

Bookland

Booklearned

Booklearning

Bookless

Bookmaking

Bookman

Bookmate

Bookoath

Bookseller

Bookworm

Booley

Boom

Boom

Boon

Boon

Boops

Boor

Boorish

Boorishly

Boorishness

Boose

Boose

Boosy

Boost

Boot

Boot

Boot

Boot

Bootcatcher

Booted

Bootee

Bootes

Booth

Boot-Hose

Bootleg

Bootless

Bootlessly

Boot-Topping

Boot-Tree

Booty

Bopeep

Borable

Borachio

Boracic

Boracite

Boracited

Boracous Acid

Borage

Borate

Borax

Bordage

Bordel

Bordeller

Border

Border

Border

Bordered

Borderer

Bordering

Bord-Halfpenny

Bord-Land

Bord-Lode

Bord-Man

Bord-Raging

Bord-Service

Bordure

Bore

Bore

Bore

Bore

Bore

Bore-Cole

Boreal

Boreas

Bored

Boree

Borer

Born

Borne

Borne

Boron

Borough

Borough

Borough-Holder

Borough-Master

Borrachio

Borrelists

Borrow

Borrow

Borrowed

Borrower

Borrowing

Borrowing

Borsholder

Bos

Boscage

Boschas

Bosh

Bosket

Bosky

Bosom

Bosom

Bosomed

Boson

Bosporian

Bosporus

Boss

Bossage

Bossed

Bossive

Bossy

Bostrychite

Bosvel

Bot

Botanic

Botanically

Botanist

Botanize

Botanology

Botanomancy

Botany

Botargo

Botch

Botch

Botched

Botcher

Botchy

Bote

Boteless

Botetto

Both

Bother

Bothnic

Bototoe

Botryoid

Botryolite

Bots

Bottle

Bottle

Bottle-Ale

Bottle-Companion

Bottled

Bottle-Flower

Bottle-Screw

Bottling

Bottling

Bottom

Bottom

Bottom

Bottomed

Bottoming

Bottomless

Bottomry

Bottony

Bouchet

Boud

Bouge

Bouge

Bough

Bought

Bought

Boughty

Bougie

Bouillon

Boulder-Wall

Boulet

Boult

Boultin

Bounce

Bounce

Bouncer

Bouncing

Bouncing

Bouncingly

Bound

Bound

Bound

Bound

Boundary

Bound-Bailiff

Bounded

Bounden

Bounder

Bounding

Bounding-Stone

Boundless

Boundlessness

Bounteous

Bounteously

Bounteousness

Bountiful

Bountifully

Bountifulness

Bountihede

Bounty

Bouquet

Bourd

Bourder

Bourgeois

Bourgeon

Bourn

Bournonite

Bouse

Bousy

Bout

Bout

Boutade

Boutefeu

Boutisale

Bovate

Bovey-Coal

Bovine

Bow

Bow

Bow

Bow

Bow-Bearer

Bow-Bent

Bow-Dye

Bow-Grace

Bow-Hand

Bow-Legged

Bowman

Bowman

Bownet

Bow-Piece

Bow-Shot

Bowsprit

Bow-String

Bow-Window

Bowable

Bowed

Bowed

Bowels

Bowel

Bowelless

Bower

Bower

Bower

Bower

Bowers

Bowery

Bowess

Bowge

Bowge

Bowing

Bowingly

Bowl

Bowl

Bowl

Bowl

Bowlder

Bowlder-Stone

Bowlder-Wall

Bowler

Bowline

Bowling

Bowling-Green

Bowse

Bowssen

Bowyer

Box

Box

Box

Boxed

Boxen

Boxer

Box-Haul

Boxing

Boxing

Box-Thorn

Boy

Boy

Boyar

Boyau

Boy-Blind

Boyer

Boyhood

Boyish

Boyishly

Boyishness

Boyism

Boys-Play

Boyuna

Bp

Brabantine

Brabble

Brabble

Brabbler

Brabbling

Brace

Brace

Braced

Bracelet

Bracer

Brach

Brachial

Brachiate

Brachman

Brachygrapher

Brachygraphy

Brachylogy

Brack

Bracken

Bracket

Brackish

Brackishness

Bracky

Bractea

Bracteate

Bracted

Bracteole

Bracteolate

Brad

Brad

Bradypus

Brag

Brag

Brag

Braggadocio

Braggardism

Braggart

Braggart

Bragger

Bragget

Bragging

Braggingly

Bragless

Bragly

Brahmanic

Braid

Braid

Braid

Brail

Brail

Brain

Brain

Brainish

Brainless

Brainpan

Brainsick

Brainsickly

Brainsickness

Brait

Brake

Brake

Brake

Braky

Brama

Brama

Bramble

Bramblebush

Brambled

Bramble-Net

Brambling

Bramin

Braminess

Braminical

Braminism

Bran

Bran-New

Brancard

Branch

Branch

Branch

Branched

Brancher

Branchery

Branchiness

Branching

Branching

Branchiostegous

Branch-Leaf

Branchless

Branchlet

Branch-Peduncle

Branch-Pilot

Branchy

Brand

Brand

Branded

Brand-Goose

Branding

Brand-Iron

Brandish

Brandished

Brandisher

Brandishing

Brandling

Brand-New

Brandy

Brandy-Wine

Brangle

Brangle

Branglement

Brangling

Brank

Brankursine

Branlin

Branny

Bransle

Brant

Brant

Brasen

Brasier

Brasil

Brass

Brasse

Brassica

Brassiness

Brass-Paved

Brass-Visaged

Brassy

Brast

Brat

Braul

Bravado

Brave

Brave

Brave

Braved

Bravely

Bravery

Braving

Bravo

Brawl

Brawl

Brawl

Brawler

Brawling

Brawlingly

Brawn

Brawned

Brawner

Brawniness

Brawny

Bray

Bray

Bray

Brayer

Braying

Braying

Braze

Brazen

Brazen

Brazen-Face

Brazen-Faced

Brazenly

Brazenness

Brazier

Brazil

Braziletto

Brazilian

Breach

Breach

Bread

Bread

Bread-Chipper

Bread-Corn

Breaden

Breadless

Bread-Room

Bread-Tree

Breadth

Breadthless

Break

Break

Break

Breakage

Breaker

Breakfast

Breakfast

Breakfasting

Breakfasting

Breaking

Breakneck

Breakpromise

Breakvow

Breakwater

Bream

Bream

Breast

Breast

Breastbone

Breast-Casket

Breastdeep

Breasted

Breastfast

Breasthigh

Breasthook

Breasting

Breastknot

Breastplate

Breastplow

Breastrope

Breast-Work

Breath

Breathable

Breathe

Breathe

Breathed

Breather

Breathful

Breathing

Breathing

Breathing-Place

Breathing-Time

Breathless

Breathlessness

Breccia

Brecciated

Brechite

Bred

Brede

Breech

Breech

Breeches

Breeching

Breeching

Breed

Breed

Breed

Breed-Bate

Breeder

Breeding

Breeding

Breeze

Breeze

Breeze

Breezeless

Breezy

Brehon

Breislakite

Breme

Bren

Brennage

Brent

Brent

Brest

Brest-Summer

Bret

Bretful

Brethren

Breve

Brevet

Breviary

Breviat

Breviate

Breviature

Brevier

Breviped

Breviped

Brevity

Brew

Brew

Brew

Brewage

Brewed

Brewer

Brewery

Brew-House

Brewing

Brewing

Brewis

Briar

Bribe

Bribe

Bribe-Devouring

Briber

Bribery

Bribe-Worhty

Brick

Brick

Brickbat

Brick-Built

Brickclay

Brickdust

Brickearth

Brickkiln

Bricklayer

Brickle

Brickmaker

Brickwork

Bricky

Bridal

Bridal

Bridality

Bride

Bridebed

Bridecake

Bridechamber

Bridegoom

Bridegroom

Bridemaid

Brideman

Bridestake

Bridewell

Bridge

Bridge

Bridged

Bridging

Bridgy

Bridle

Bridle

Bridle

Bridled

Bridle-Hand

Bridler

Bridling

Brief

Brief

Briefly

Briefness

Brier

Briery

Brig

Brig

Brigade

Brigade

Brigade-Major

Brigadier

Brigand

Brigandage

Brigandine

Brigantine

Bright

Bright-Burning

Brighten

Brighten

Bright-Eyed

Bright-Haired

Bright-Harnessed

Brightly

Brightness

Bright-Shining

Brigose

Brigue

Brigue

Brilliancy

Brilliant

Brilliant

Brilliantly

Brilliantness

Brills

Brim

Brim

Brim

Brim

Brimful

Brimfulness

Brimless

Brimmer

Brimming

Brimstone

Brimstony

Brinded

Brindle

Brindled

Brine

Brine

Brine-Pan

Brine-Pit

Brine-Spring

Bring

Bringer

Bringing

Bringing Forth

Brinish

Brinishness

Brink

Briny

Brisk

Brisk Up

Brisk Up

Brisket

Briskly

Briskness

Bristle

Bristle

Bristle

Bristle-Shaped

Bristly

Bristol-Flower

Bristol-Stone

Bristol-Water

Brit

Britannic

Britch

Britch

Britching

Brite

British

Briton

Briton

Brittle

Brittlely

Brittleness

Brize

Broach

Broach

Broached

Broacher

Broad

Broad-Ax

Broad-Backed

Broad-Blown

Broad-Breasted

Broad-Brimmed

Broad-Cast

Broad-Cast

Broad-Cast

Broad-Cloth

Broaden

Broad-Eyed

Broad-Fronted

Broad-Horned

Broadish

Broad-Leaved

Broadly

Broadness

Broad-Piece

Broad-Seal

Broad-Shouldered

Broad-Side

Broad-Spreading

Broad-Sword

Broad-Tailed

Broad-Wise

Brocade

Brocaded

Brocade-Shell

Brocage

Brocatel

Broccoli

Broche

Brock

Brocket

Brodekin

Broggle

Brogue

Brogue-Maker

Broid

Broider

Broiderer

Broidery

Broil

Broil

Broil

Broiled

Broiler

Broiling

Broke

Broke

Broken

Broken-Backed

Broken-Bellied

Broken-Hearted

Brokenly

Brokenness

Brokenwind

Brokenwinded

Broker

Brokerage

Brokerly

Brokery

Broking

Brome

Brome-Grass

Bronchial

Bronchic

Bronchocele

Bronchotomy

Brond

Brontology

Bronz

Bronze

Bronzing

Bronzing

Bronzite

Brooch

Brooch

Brood

Brood

Brood

Brooded

Brooding

Broody

Brook

Brook

Brook-Lime

Brook-Mint

Brook-Weed

Brooky

Broom

Broom

Broomcorn

Brooming

Broomland

Broomrape

Broomstaff

Broomy

Broth

Brothel

Brotheler

Brothel-House

Brothelry

Brother

Brotherhood

Brotherless

Brotherlike

Brotherlove

Brotherly

Brought

Brow

Brow

Brow-Antler

Brow-Beat

Browbeaten

Browbeating

Browbeating

Browbound

Browless

Brow-Post

Brow-Sick

Brown

Brown

Brown-Bill

Brownish

Brownism

Brownist

Brownness

Brown-Spar

Brown-Study

Brown-Wort

Browny

Browse

Browse

Browse

Browsing

Brucia

Brucite

Bruise

Bruise

Bruised

Bruiser

Bruisewort

Bruising

Bruising

Bruit

Bruit

Brumal

Brume

Brun

Brunet

Brunion

Brunt

Brush

Brush

Brush

Brushed

Brusher

Brushing

Brushing

Brushlike

Brushwood

Brushy

Brusk

Brustle

Brustling

Brut

Brutal

Brutality

Brutalize

Brutalize

Brutally

Brute

Brute

Brute

Brutely

Bruteness

Brutify

Brutish

Brutishly

Brutishness

Bryony

Bub

Bub

Bubble

Bubble

Bubble

Bubbler

Bubby

Bubo

Bubonocele

Bubukle

Bubulca

Bucaneer

Bucao

Buccal

Buccellation

Buccinite

Bucentaur

Bucephalus

Buceros

Bucholzite

Buck

Buck

Buck

Buck

Buck-Basket

Buckbean

Bucked

Bucket

Bucking

Bucking

Bucking-Stool

Buckle

Buckle

Buckle

Buckler

Buckler

Buckler-Thorn

Buckmast

Buckram

Buckram

Buckrams

Buckshorn

Buckskin

Buckstall

Buckthorn

Buckwheat

Bucolic

Bucolic

Bud

Bud

Bud

Budded

Buddhism

Budding

Buddle

Buddle

Budge

Budge

Budge

Budge-Bachelors

Budge-Barrel

Budgeness

Budger

Budget

Budgy

Budlet

Buff

Buff

Buffalo

Buffel

Buffet

Buffet

Buffet

Buffet

Buffeted

Buffeter

Buffeting

Buffeting

Buffin

Buffle

Buffle

Buffle-Head

Buffle-Headed

Buffon

Buffoon

Buffoon

Buffoonery

Buffooning

Buffoonish

Buffoonism

Buffoon-Like

Buffoonly

Bufonite

Bug

Bug

Bugbear

Bugee

Bugelugey

Bugger

Buggery

Bugginess

Buggy

Bugle

Bugle

Bugle

Bugle

Bugle-Weed

Bugloss

Bugwort

Buhrstone

Build

Build

Builder

Building

Building

Built

Built

Bul

Bulb

Bulb

Bulbaceous

Bulbed

Bulbiferous

Bulbous

Bulchin

Bulge

Bulge

Bulging

Bulimy

Bulk

Bulk-Head

Bulkiness

Bulky

Bull

Bull

Bull

Bull-Baiting

Bull-Beef

Bull-Beggar

Bull-Calf

Bull-Dog

Bulls-Eye

Bull-Faced

Bull-Feast

Bull-Fight

Bull-Finch

Bull-Fly

Bull-Frog

Bull-Head

Bull-Trout

Bull-Weed

Bull-Wort

Bullace

Bullantic

Bullary

Bullate

Bullet

Bulletin

Bullion

Bullish

Bullist

Bullite

Bullition

Bullock

Bully

Bully

Bully

Bulrush

Bultel

Bulwark

Bulwark

Bum

Bum

Bumbailiff

Bumbard

Bumbast

Bumble Bee

Bumboat

Bumkin

Bump

Bump

Bump

Bumper

Bumpkin

Bumpkinly

Bunch

Bunch

Bunch

Bunch-Backed

Bunchiness

Bunchy

Bundle

Bundle

Bung

Bung

Bung-Hole

Bungle

Bungle

Bungle

Bungler

Bungling

Bungling

Bunglingly

Bunk

Bunn

Bunsing

Bunt

Bunt

Bunter

Bunting

Bunting

Buntlines

Buoy

Buoyrope

Buoy

Buoy

Buoyancy

Buoyant

Buprestes

Bur

Bur

Burbot

Burdelais

Burden

Burden

Burdened

Burdener

Burdenous

Burdensome

Burdensomeness

Burdock

Bureau

Burg

Burgage

Burgamot

Burganet

Burgeois

Burgeois

Burgeon

Burger-Master

Burgess

Burgess-Ship

Burgh

Burgh-Bote

Burgh-Brech

Burgher

Burgher-Ship

Burgh-Master

Burghmote

Burglar

Burglarious

Burglariously

Burglary

Burgomaster

Burgrave

Burgundy

Burh

Burial

Burial-Place

Burier

Burin

Burl

Burlace

Burler

Burlesque

Burlesque

Burlesque

Burlesquer

Burletta

Burliness

Burly

Burn

Burn

Burn

Burnable

Burn-Cow

Burned

Burner

Burnet

Burnet-Saxifrage

Burning

Burning

Burning

Burning-Glass

Burning-Thorny-Plant

Burnish

Burnish

Burnish

Burnished

Burnisher

Burnishing

Burnoose

Burnt

Burnt-Offering

Burr

Burras-Pipe

Bur-Reed

Burrel

Burrel-Fly

Burrel-Shot

Burrock

Burrow

Burrow

Burrow

Burrowing

Bursar

Bursar-Ship

Bursary

Burse

Burst

Burst

Burst

Burst

Burst

Burstenness

Burster

Bursting

Burst-Wort

Burt

Burthen

Burton

Bury

Bury

Burying

Burying

Burying-Place

Bush

Bush

Bush

Bushel

Bushelage

Bushiness

Bush-Man

Bushment

Bushy

Busied

Busiless

Busily

Business

Busk

Busk

Busk

Busket

Buskin

Buskined

Busky

Buss

Buss

Bust

Bustard

Bustle

Bustle

Bustler

Bustling

Busto

Busy

Busy

Busy-Body

But

But

But

But

But-End

Butcher

Butcher

Butcher-Bird

Butcherliness

Butcherly

Butchers-Broom

Butchery

Butler

Butlerage

Butlership

Butment

Butshaft

Butt

Butt

Butter

Butter

Butter-Bump

Butter-Burr

Butter-Cups

Butter-Flower

Butterfly

Butterfly-Shell

Butteris

Butter-Milk

Butternut

Butter-Print

Butter-Tooth

Butter-Wife

Butterwort

Buttery

Buttery

Buttock

Button

Button

Button-Hole

Button-Maker

Button-Stone

Button-Tree

Button-Weed

But-Ton-Wood

Buttress

Buttress

Buttressed

Butts

But-Wink

Butyraceous

Buxom

Buxomly

Buxomness

Buy

Buy

Buyer

Buying

Buzz

Buzz

Buzz

Buzzard

Buzzard

Buzzardet

Buzzer

Buzzing

By

By-Coffee-House

Ay-Concernment

By-Corner

By-Dependence

By-Design

By-Drinking

By-End

By-Gone

By-Interest

By-Lane

By-Law

By-Matter

By-Name

By-Past

By-Path

By-Respect

By-Road

By-Room

By-Speech

By-Spell

By-Stander

By-Street

By-Turning

By-View

By-Walk

By-Way

By-West

By-Wipe

By-Word

Bye

Byssin

Byssine

Byssolite

Byssus

Byzant

Byzantine

C

C

Cab

Cabal

Cabal

Cabal

Cabalism

Cabalist

Cabalistic

Cabalistically

Cabalize

Caballer

Caballine

Caballing

Cabaret

Cabbage

Cabbage

Cabbage

Cabbage-Net

Cabbage-Tree

Cabbage-Worm

Cabiai

Cabin

Cabin

Cabin

Cabin-Boy

Cabined

Cabinet

Cabinet

Cabinet-Council

Cabineted

Cabinet-Maker

Cabin-Mate

Cabirean

Cabirian

Cable

Cabled

Cablet

Cable-Tier

Caboched

Caboose

Cabos

Cabriole

Cabure

Caburns

Cacao

Caccoons

Cachalot

Cachectic

Cachexy

Cachinnation

Cacholong

Cack

Cackerel

Cackle

Cackle

Cackler

Cackling

Cackling

Cacochymic

Cacochymy

Cacodemon

Cacoethes

Cacophony

Cadaver

Cadaverous

Caddis

Caddow

Caddy

Cade

Cade

Cade

Cade-Oil

Cade-Worm

Cadence

Cadence

Cadenced

Cadene

Cadent

Cadenza

Cadet

Cadew

Cadge

Cadger

Cadi

Cadillac

Cadmean

Cadmia

Cadmium

Caduceus

Caducity

Caducous

Caecias

Caesarian

Caesura

Caffein

Caftan

Cag

Cage

Cage

Cagit

Cagui

Caic

Caiman

Cairn

Caisson

Caitiff

Cajeput

Cajole

Cajoler

Cajolery

Cjoling

Cajota

Cake

Cake

Cake

Cake

Calabash

Calabash-Tree

Calade

Calaite

Calamanco

Calamar

Calambac

Calambour

Calamiferous

Calamine

Calamint

Calamistrate

Calamistration

Calamit

Calamitous

Calamitously

Calamitousness

Calamity

Calamus

Calandra

Calandre

Calangay

Calash

Calcar

Calcarate

Calcario-Sulphurous

Calcarious

Calcavalla

Calceated

Calcedon

Calcedonic

Calcedony

Calciferous

Calciform

Calcimurite

Calcinable

Calcinate

Calcination

Calcinatory

Calcine

Calcine

Calcium

Calcographical

Calcography

Calc-Sinter

Calc-Tuff

Calc-Ulable

Calculary

Calculate

Calculate

Calculated

Calculating

Calculation

Calculative

Calculator

Calculatory

Calcule

Calculous

Calculus

Caldron

Caleche

Caledonian

Caledonian

Calefacient

Calefacient

Calefaction

Calefactive

Calefy

Calefy

Calendar

Calendar

Calender

Calender

Calendrer

Calends

Calenture

Calf

Calf-Like

Calf-Skin

Caliber

Calice

Calico

Calico-Printer

Calid

Calidity

Caliduct

Calif

Califate

Caligation

Caliginous

Caliginousness

Caligraphic

Caligraphy

Calin

Caliver

Calix

Calk

Calk

Calker

Calked

Calkin

Calking

Calking

Calking-Iron

Call

Call

Call

Called

Caller

Callet

Callet

Calling

Calling

Calliope

Callipers

Callosity

Callous

Callously

Callousness

Callow

Callus

Calm

Calm

Calm

Calmer

Calming

Calmly

Calmness

Calmy

Calomel

Caloric

Caloric

Calorific

Calorimeter

Calorimotor

Calotte

Caloyers

Calp

Caltrop

Calumet

Calumniate

Calumniate

Calumniated

Calumniating

Calumniation

Calumniator

Calumniatory

Calumnious

Calumniously

Calumniousness

Calumny

Calvary

Calve

Calves-Snout

Calver

Calver

Calville

Calvinism

Calvinist

Calvinistic

Calvish

Calx

Calycinal

Calycle

Calyculate

Calypter

Calyx

Calzoons

Camber

Cambering

Cambist

Cambric

Came

Came

Camel

Camel-Backed

Camelopard

Cameo

Camerade

Cameralistic

Cameralistics

Camerate

Camerated

Cameration

Camis

Camisade

Camisated

Camlet

Camleted

Cammoc

Camomile

Camous

Camoused

Camously

Camp

Camp

Camp-Fight

Campaign

Campaign

Campaigner

Campana

Campaniform

Campanula

Campanulate

Campeachy-Wood

Campestral

Camphor

Camphor

Camphorate

Camphorate

Camphorated

Camphoric

Camphor-Oil

Camphor-Tree

Campilla

Camping

Camping

Campion

Camus

Can

Can

Can

Can-Buoy

Can-Hook

Canadian

Canadian

Canail

Canakin

Canal

Canal-Coal

Canaliculate

Canary

Canary-Bird

Canary-Grass

Cancel

Cancelated

Cancelation

Canceled

Canceling

Cancer

Cancerate

Canceration

Cancerous

Cancerousness

Cancriform

Cancrine

Cancrite

Candent

Candicant

Candid

Candidate

Candidly

Candidness

Candied

Candle

Candle-Berry Tree

Candle-Bomb

Candle-Holder

Candle-Light

Candlemas

Candle-Stick

Candle-Stuff

Candle-Waster

Candles-Ends

Candoc

Candor

Candy

Candy

Candying

Candying

Candy-Tufts

Cane

Cane

Cane-Brake

Cane-Hole

Cane-Trash

Canescent

Canicula

Canicular

Canine

Caning

Canister

Canker

Canker

Canker

Cankerbit

Cankered

Cankeredly

Canker-Fly

Canker-Like

Cankerous

Canker-Worm

Cankery

Cannabine

Cannel-Coal

Cannequin

Cannibal

Cannibalism

Cannibally

Cannon

Cannonade

Cannonade

Cannonade

Cannon-Ball

Cannoneer

Cannon-Proof

Cannon-Shot

Cannot

Cannular

Canoe

Canon

Canon-Bit

Canoness

Canonical

Canonically

Canonicalness

Canonicals

Canonicate

Canonist

Canonistic

Canonization

Canonize

Canonry

Canopied

Canopy

Canopy

Canorous

Canorousness

Cant

Cant

Cant

Cantabrian

Cantaliver

Cantar

Cantata

Cantation

Canteen

Canteleup

Canter

Canter

Canter

Canterbury Bell

Canterbury Tale

Cantering

Cantharidin

Cantharis

Canthus

Canticle

Cantillate

Cantillation

Canting

Cantingly

Cantion

Cantle

Cantle

Cantlet

Canto

Canton

Canton

Cantonal

Cantoned

Cantoning

Cantonize

Cantonment

Cantred

Canvas

Canvas-Climber

Canvass

Canvass

Canvass

Canvassed

Canvasser

Canvassing

Canvassing

Cany

Canzone

Canzonet

Cap

Cap

Cap

Capability

Capable

Capableness

Capacify

Capacious

Capaciousness

Capacitate

Capacitated

Capacitation

Capacity

Caparison

Caparison

Capcase

Cape

Capelan

Capella

Capellet

Caper

Caper

Caper

Caper-Bush

Caper-C?Tting

Caperer

Capering

Capias

Capibar

Capillaceous

Capillaire

Capillament

Capillary

Capillary

Capillation

Capilliform

Capital

Capital

Capitalist

Capitally

Capitalness

Capitate

Capitation

Capite

Capitol

Capitolian

Capitoline

Capitular

Capitularly

Capitulary

Capitulate

Capitulation

Capitulator

Capitule

Capivi

Capnomancy

Capoch

Capon

Capon

Caponniere

Capot

Capot

Capper

Capreolate

Caprice

Capricious

Capriiously

Capriciousness

Capricorn

Caprification

Caprifole

Capriform

Capriole

Capriped

Capsicum

Capsize

Capstan

Capsular

Capsulate

Capsule

Captain

Captain

Captaincy

Captainry

Captainship

Captation

Caption

Captious

Captiously

Captiousness

Captivate

Captivate

Captivated

Captivating

Captivation

Captive

Captive

Captive

Captivity

Captor

Capture

Capture

Captured

Capturing

Capuccio

Capuched

Capuchin

Capuchins

Capucine

Capulin

Car

Car

Carabine

Carabineer

Carac

Caracol

Caracol

Caracoly

Carat

Caravan

Caravansary

Caravel

Caraway

Carbon

Carbonaceous

Carbonade

Carbonade

Carbonate

Carbonated

Carbonic

Carboniferous

Carbonization

Carbonize

Carbonized

Carbonohydrous

Carbonous

Carbuncle

Carbuncled

Carbuncular

Carbunculation

Carburet

Carbureted

Carcajo

Carcanet

Carcass

Carcass

Carcelage

Carceral

Carcinoma

Carcinomatous

Card

Card

Card

Card

Cardamine

Cardamom

Carded

Carder

Cardiac

Cardiac

Cardialgy

Cardinal

Cardinal

Cardinalate

Cardinalize

Carding

Carding-Machine

Cardioid

Cardite

Card-Maker

Card-Match

Cardoon

Card-Table

Care

Care

Care-Crazed

Care-Defying

Care-Tuned

Care-Wounded

Careen

Careen

Careened

Careening

Careening

Career

Career

Careering

Careful

Carefully

Carefulness

Careless

Carelessly

Carelessness

Carentane

Caress

Caress

Caressed

Caressing

Caret

Cargason

Cargo

Cargoose

Cariated

Cariboo

Carica

Caricature

Caricature

Caricaturist

Caricography

Caricous

Caries

Carillon

Carinate

Carinthin

Cariosity

Carious

Cark

Cark

Carking

Carle

Carle

Carline

Carline

Carline-Thistle

Carlish

Carlock

Carlot

Carlovingian

Carman

Carmelin

Carmelite

Carminative

Carminative

Carmine

Carnage

Carnal

Carnalist

Carnalite

Carnality

Carnalize

Carnally

Carnal-Minded

Carnal-Mindedness

Carnation

Carnationed

Carnelian

Carneous

Carney

Carnification

Carnify

Carnival

Carnivoracity

Carnivorous

Carnosity

Carnous

Carob

Caroche

Caroched

Carol

Carol

Carol

Carolina

Caroling

Carolinian

Carolinian

Caromel

Carotid

Carousal

Carouse

Carouse

Carouser

Carousing

Carp

Carp

Carpal

Carpathian

Carpenter

Carpentry

Carper

Carpet

Carpet

Carpeted

Carpeting

Carpet-Walk

Carping

Carping

Carpingly

Carpmeals

Carpolite

Carpologist

Carpology

Carpus

Carraway

Carriable

Carriage

Carriboo

Carrick-Bend

Carrick-Bitts

Carrier

Carrion

Carrion

Carronade

Carroon

Carrot

Carroty

Carrows

Carry

Carry

Carrying

Carrying

Carry-Tale

Cart

Cart

Cartage

Cart-Bote

Carted

Cart-Horse

Carting

Carting

Cart-Jade

Cart-Load

Cart-Rope

Cart-Rut

Cart-Tire

Cart-Way

Cart-Wheel

Cart-Wright

Cartel

Cartel

Carter

Cartesian

Cartesian

Carthaginian

Carthaginian

Carthamus

Carthusian

Cartilage

Cartilaginous

Cartoon

Cartouch

Cartridge

Cartridge-Box

Cartulary

Carucate

Caruncle

Caruncular

Carunculated

Carve

Carve

Carve

Carved

Carvel

Carver

Carving

Carving

Caryates

Caryatic

Caryophylleous

Caryophylloid

Casarca

Cascabel

Cascade

Cascalho

Case

Case

Case

Case

Cased

Case-Harden

Caseic

Case-Knife

Casemate

Casement

Caseous

Casern

Case-Shot

Case-Worm

Cash

Cash

Cash

Cash-Account

Cash-Book

Cash-Keeper

Cashew-Nut

Cashier

Cashier

Cashiered

Cashierer

Cashiering

Cashoo

Casing

Casing

Cask

Cask

Casket

Casket

Caspian

Cass

Cassada

Cassamunair

Cassate

Cassation

Cassia

Cassidony

Cassimer

Cassino

Cassiobury

Cassiopeia

Cassiteria

Cassock

Cassocked

Cassonade

Cassowary

Cast

Cast

Cast

Castalian

Castanet

Castaway

Castaway

Casted

Castellan

Castellany

Castellated

Castellation

Caster

Castigate

Castigated

Castigating

Castigation

Castigator

Castigatory

Castigatory

Castile-Soap

Castilian

Castilian

Casting

Casting

Casting-Net

Casting-Vote

Castle

Castle

Castle-Builder

Castle-Building

Castle-Crowned

Castled

Castle-Guard

Castlery

Castlet

Castle-Ward

Castling

Castor

Castorin

Castor-Oil

Castrametation

Castrate

Castrated

Castrating

Castration

Castrato

Castrel

Castrensian

Casual

Casually

Casualness

Casualty

Casuist

Casuist

Casuistic

Casuistry

Cat

Catamount

Cat-Block

Cats-Eye

Cat-Eyed

Cat-Fish

Cats-Foot

Cat-Gut

Cat-Harpings

Cat-Head

Cats-Head

Cat-Hook

Cat-Mint

Cats-Paw

Cat-Salt

Catsilver

Cat-Tail

Catabaptist

Catacaustic

Catachresis

Catachrestic

Catachrestically

Cataclysm

Catacomb

Catacoustics

Catadioptric

Catadupe

Catagmatic

Catagraph

Catalectic

Catalepsis

Cataleptic

Catalogize

Catalogue

Catalogue

Catalpa

Catalysis

Catamenial

Catamite

Catapasm

Catapelt

Catapeltic

Cataphonics

Cataphract

Cataplasm

Catapuce

Cataract

Catarrh

Catarrhal

Catasterism

Catastrophe

Catcall

Catch

Catch

Catch

Catchable

Catcher

Catch-Fly

Catching

Catching

Catchpenny

Catch-Poll

Catchup

Catch-Word

Cate

Catechetical

Catechetically

Catechise

Catechised

Catechiser

Catechising

Catechism

Catechist

Catechistic

Catechu

Catechumen

Catechumenical

Catechumenist

Categorical

Categorically

Category

Catenarian

Catenate

Catenation

Catenulate

Cater

Cater

Cater

Cater-Cousin

Caterer

Cateress

Caterpillar

Caterpillar-Eater

Caterwaul

Caterwauling

Catery

Cates

Catharist

Cathartic

Cathartic

Catharticalness

Cathedral

Cathedral

Cathderated

Catheter

Cathetus

Catholic

Catholic

Catholicism

Catholicize

Catholicly

Catholicness

Catholicon

Catilinism

Catkin

Cat-Like

Catling

Catonian

Catopter

Catoptric

Catoptrics

Catoptromancy

Cat-Pipe

Catsup

Cattle

Caucasian

Caucus

Caudal

Caudate

Caudex

Caudle

Caudle

Cauf

Caught

Cauk

Cauky

Caul

Caulescent

Cauliferous

Cauliflower

Cauliform

Cauline

Caulk

Cauponate

Cauponise

Causable

Causal

Causal

Causality

Causally

Causalty

Causation

Causative

Causatively

Causator

Cause

Cause

Cause

Caused

Causeless

Causelessly

Causelessness

Causer

Causey

Causidical

Causing

Caustic

Caustic

Causticity

Cautel

Cautelous

Cautelously

Cautelousness

Cauterism

Cauterization

Cauterize

Cauterized

Cauterizing

Cauterizing

Cautery

Caution

Caution

Cautionary

Cautioned

Cautioner

Cautioning

Cautionry

Cautious

Cautiously

Cautiousness

Cavalcade

Cavalier

Cavalier

Cavalierly

Cavalierness

Cavalry

Cavate

Cavatina

Cavazion

Cave

Cave

Cave

Caveat

Caveat

Caveating

Caveator

Cavern

Caverned

Cavernous

Cavernulous

Cavetto

Cavezon

Caviar

Cavil

Cavil

Cavil

Caviler

Caviling

Cavilingly

Cavillation

Cavilous

Cavilously

Cavilousness

Cavin

Cavity

Cavolinite

Cavy

Caw

Caxou

Cayman

Cazic

Cease

Cease

Cease

Ceaseless

Ceaselessly

Ceasing

Cecch N

Cecity

Cedar

Cedar-Like

Cedarn

Cede

Ceded

Ceding

Cedrat

Cedrine

Cedry

Ceduous

Ceil

Ceiled

Ceiling

Ceiling

Celandine

Celature

Celebrate

Celebrated

Celebrating

Celebration

Celebrator

Celebrious

Celebriously

Celebriousness

Celebrity

Celeri

Celeriac

Celerity

Celery

Celestial

Celestial

Celestially

Celestify

Celestin

Celestins

Celiac

Celibacy

Celibate

Cell

Cellar

Cellarage

Cellaret

Cellarist

Celliferous

Cellular

Celluliferous

Celsitude

Celt

Celtiberian

Celtiberian

Celtic

Celtic

Celticism

Celtis

Cement

Cement

Cement

Cementation

Cementatory

Cemented

Cementer

Cementing

Cementitious

Cemetery

Cenatory

Cenobite

Cenobitic

Cenoby

Cenotaph

Cense

Cense

Censer

Censing

Cension

Censor

Censorial

Censorious

Censoriously

Censoriousness

Censorship

Censual

Censurable

Censurableness

Censurably

Censure

Censure

Censure

Censured

Censuring

Census

Cent

Centage

Centaur

Centaurlike

Centaury

Centenary

Centenary

Centennial

Center

Center

Center

Centered

Centering

Centesimal

Centesimation

Centesm

Centifolious

Centigrade

Centigram

Centiliter

Centimeter

Centinody

Centiped

Centipee

Centner

Cento

Central

Centrality

Centrally

Centric

Centrically

Centricalness

Centrifugal

Centripetal

Centumvir

Centumviral

Centuple

Centuple

Centuplicate

Centurial

Centuriate

Centuriators

Centurion

Century

Centzontli

Ceol

Cephalalgic

Cephalalgy

Cephalic

Cephalic

Cepheus

Cephus

Cerasee

Cerasin

Cerasite

Cerastes

Cerate

Cerated

Cere

Cere

Cerebel

Cerebral

Cerecloth

Cerement

Ceremonial

Ceremonial

Ceremonious

Ceremoniously

Ceremoniousness

Ceremony

Cereolite

Cereous

Ceres

Cerin

Cerinthians

Cerite

Cerium

Ceroon

Cerrial

Cerrus

Certain

Certainly

Certainness

Certainty

Certes

Certificate

Certificate

Certification

Certified

Certifier

Certify

Certifying

Certiorari

Certitude

Cerulean

Cerulific

Cerumen

Ceruse

Cerused

Cervical

Cervin

Cesarean

Cespititious

Cespitous

Cess

Cess

Cessation

Cessavit

Cesser

Cessibility

Cessible

Cession

Cessionary

Cessment

Cessor

Cest

Cestus

Cesura

Cesural

Cetaceous

Cetate

Ceterach

Cetic

Cetin

Cetological

Cetologist

Cetology

Cetus

Ceylanite

Chabasie

Chad

Chafe

Chafe

Chafe

Chafed

Chafer

Chafer

Chafery

Chafe-Wax

Chaff

Chaffer

Chaffer

Chaffer

Chafferer

Chaffern

Chaffery

Chaffinch

Chaffless

Chaffweed

Chaffy

Chafing

Chafing-Dish

Chagrin

Chagrin

Chagrined

Chain

Chain

Chained

Chaining

Chair

Chair-Man

Chaise

Chalcedonic

Chalcedony

Chalcedonyx

Chalcite

Chalcographer

Chalcography

Chaldaic

Chaldaic

Chaldaism

Chaldean

Chaldee

Chaldee

Chaldron

Chalice

Chaliced

Chalk

Chalk

Chalk-Cutter

Chalkiness

Chalk-Pit

Chalk-Stone

Chalky

Challenge

Challenge

Challengeable

Challenged

Challenger

Challenging

Chalybean

Chalybeate

Chalybeate

Cham

Chamade

Chamber

Chamber

Chamber

Chamberer

Chamber-Fellow

Chamber-Hanging

Chambering

Chamberlain

Chamberlainship

Chamber-Lye

Chamber-Maid

Chamber-Pot

Chamber-Practice

Chambrel

Chameleon

Chameleonize

Chamfer

Chamfer

Chamfered

Chamfering

Chamite

Chamlet

Chamois

Chamomile

Champ

Champ

Champagne

Champaign

Champain

Champed

Champer

Champertor

Champerty

Champignon

Champing

Champion

Champion

Championess

Chance

Chance

Chance

Chanceable

Chance-Comer

Chanceful

Chance-Medley

Chancel

Chancellor

Chancellorship

Chancery

Chancre

Chancrous

Chandelier

Chandler

Chandlerly

Chandlery

Chandry

Change

Change

Change

Changeability

Changeable

Changeableness

Changeably

Changed

Changeful

Changeless

Changeling

Changer

Changing

Channa

Channel

Channel

Channeled

Channeling

Chanson

Chant

Chant

Chant

Chanted

Chanter

Chanticleer

Chanting

Chanting

Chantress

Chantry

Chaos

Chaotic

Chap

Chap

Chap

Chap

Chap

Chap

Chapbook

Chape

Chapeau

Chapel

Chapel

Chapeless

Chapelet

Chapellany

Chapelling

Chapelry

Chaperon

Chaperon

Chap-Fallen

Chapiter

Chaplain

Chaplaincy

Chaplainship

Chapless

Chaplet

Chapman

Chapped

Chapping

Chappy

Chaps

Chapt

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter-House

Chaptrel

Char

Char

Char

Char

Char-Woman

Char

Charact

Character

Character

Charactered

Characterism

Characteristic

Characteristic

Characteristically

Characcteristicalness

Characterize

Characterized

Characterizing

Characterless

Charactery

Charade

Charcoal

Chard

Charge

Charge

Charge

Chargeable

Chargeableness

Chargeably

Charged

Chargeful

Chargeless

Charger

Charging

Charily

Chariness

Chariot

Chariot

Charioted

Charioteer

Chariot-Man

Chariot-Race

Charitable

Charitableness

Charitably

Charity

Chark

Charlatan

Charlatanical

Charlatanry

Charless-Wain

Charlock

Charm

Charm

Charm

Charma

Charmed

Charmer

Charmeress

Charmful

Charming

Charmingly

Charmingness

Charmless

Charnel

Charnel-House

Charon

Charr

Charred

Charring

Charry

Chart

Charter

Charter

Charter-Land

Charter-Party

Chartered

Chartering

Chartless

Chartulary

Chary

Chasable

Chase

Chase

Chased

Chaser

Chasing

Chasm

Chasmed

Chasselas

Chaste

Chaste-Eyed

Chaste-Tree

Chastely

Chasten

Chastened

Chastener

Chasteness

Chastening

Chastening

Chastisable

Chastise

Chastised

Chastisement

Chastiser

Chastising

Chastity

Chat

Chat

Chat

Chat

Chateau

Chatelet

Chatellany

Chatoyant

Chatoyant

Chatoyment

Chattel

Chatter

Chatter

Chatter-Box

Chatterer

Chattering

Chattering

Chatting

Chatty

Chatwood

Chaumontelle

Chaun

Chaun

Chavender

Chaw

Chaw

Chawdron

Chay

Cheap

Cheap

Cheapen

Cheapener

Cheaply

Cheapness

Chear

Cheat

Cheat

Cheatableness

Cheat-Bread

Cheated

Cheater

Cheating

Cheating

Check

Check

Check

Checked

Checker

Checker

Checker

Checkers

Checking

Checkless

Check-Mate

Check-Mate

Checky

Cheek

Cheek-Bone

Cheeked

Cheek-Tooth

Cheep

Cheer

Cheer

Cheer

Cheered

Cheerer

Cheerful

Cheerfully

Cheerfulness

Cheerily

Cheering

Cheerishness

Cheerless

Cheerly

Cheerly

Cheery

Cheese

Cheese-Cake

Cheese-Monger

Cheese-Paring

Cheese-Press

Cheese-Rennet

Cheese-Vat

Cheesy

Chegoe

Cheiropter

Chelidon

Cheliferous

Cheliform

Chelmsfordite

Chelonian

Chely

Chemical

Chemically

Chemise

Chemist

Chemistry

Chequer

Cheriff

Cherish

Cherished

Cherisher

Cherishing

Cherishing

Cherishment

Chermes

Cherry

Cherry

Cherry

Cherry-Cheeked

Cherry-Pit

Cherry-Tree

Chersonese

Chert

Cherty

Cherub

Cherubic

Cherubim

Cherubin

Cherubin

Cherup

Chervil

Chesapeak

Chesible

Cheslip

Chess

Chess

Chess-Apple

Chess-Board

Chess-Man

Chess-Player

Chess-Tree

Chessom

Chest

Chest

Chest-Foundering

Chestnut

Chestnut

Chestnut-Tree

Cheston

Chevachie

Cheval De Frise

Chevalier

Cheven

Cheveril

Cheverilize

Chevisance

Chevron

Chevroned

Chevrotain

Chew

Chew

Chew

Chewed

Chewet

Chewing

Chia

Chian

Chiastolite

Chibbal

Chicane

Chicane

Chicaner

Chicanery

Chiches

Chichling

Chick

Chick

Chicken-Hearted

Chicken-Pox

Chickling

Chick-Pea

Chick-Weed

Chide

Chide

Chide

Chider

Chideress

Chiding

Chiding

Chidingly

Chief

Chief

Chief

Chiefage

Chiefdom

Chiefless

Chiefly

Chiefrie

Chieftain

Chieftainry

Chievance

Chieve

Chilblain

Child

Child

Child-Bearing

Child-Bearing

Childbed

Childbirth

Childed

Childermas Day

Childhood

Childing

Childish

Childishly

Childishness

Childless

Childlike

Childly

Children

Chiliad

Chiliagon

Chiliahedron

Chiliarch

Chiliarchy

Chiliast

Chilifactive

Chilioliter

Chiliometer

Chill

Chill

Chill

Chilled

Chilli

Chilliness

Chilling

Chillness

Chilly

Chilogram

Chimb

Chime

Chime

Chime

Chime

Chimer

Chimera

Chimerical

Chimerically

Chimical

Chimically

Chiminage

Chiming

Chimist

Chimistry

Chimney

Chimney-Corner

Chimney-Hook

Chimney-Money

Chimney-Piece

Chimney-Sweeper

Chimpanzee

Chin

China

China-Orange

China-Root

Chinch

Chin-Cough

Chine

Chine

Chined

Chinese

Chinese

Chingle

Chink

Chink

Chink

Chink

Chink

Chinkapin

Chinky

Chinned

Chinse

Chints

Chioppine

Chip

Chip

Chip

Chip

Chip-Ax

Chipped

Chipping

Chipping

Chiragrical

Chirk

Chirk

Chirm

Chirograph

Chirographer

Chirographic

Chirographist

Chirography

Chirological

Chirologist

Chirology

Chiromancer

Chiromancy

Chiromantic

Chirp

Chirp

Chirp

Chirper

Chirping

Chirping

Chirurgeon

Chirurgery

Chirurgic

Chisel

Chisel

Chiseled

Chiseling

Chisleu

Chit

Chit

Chit-Chat

Chitterling

Chitterlings

Chitty

Chivalrous

Chivalry

Chive

Chives

Chlorate

Chloric

Chloride

Chloridic

Chlorine

Chloriodic

Chloris

Chlorite

Chloro-Carbonic

Chloropal

Chlorophane

Chloropheite

Chlorophyl

Chlorosis

Chlorotic

Chlorous

Choak

Chock

Chock

Chocolate

Chocolate-House

Chocolate-Nut

Chode

Choice

Choice

Choice-Drawn

Choiceless

Choicely

Choiceness

Choir

Choir-Service

Choke

Choke

Choke

Choke-Cherry

Choked

Choke-Full

Choke-Pear

Choker

Choke-Weed

Choky

Cholagogue

Choler

Choleric

Cholericness

Cholesteric

Cholesterine

Choliambic

Chondrodite

Choose

Choose

Chooser

Choosing

Choosing

Chop

Chop

Chop

Chop

Chop

Chop-Church

Chop-Fallen

Chop-House

Chopin

Chopped

Chopping

Chopping

Chopping

Chopping-Block

Chopping-Knife

Choppy

Chops

Choral

Chorally

Chord

Chord

Chordee

Chore

Chorepiscopal

Choreus

Choriamb

Choriambic

Choriambic

Chorion

Chorist

Chorister

Chorographer

Chorographical

Chorographically

Chorography

Choroid

Chorus

Chose

Chose

Chosen

Chough

Choule

Chouse

Chouse

Choused

Chousing

Chowder

Chowder

Chowter

Chrism

Chrismal

Chrismation

Chrismatory

Chrisom

Christ

Christen

Christendom

Christened

Christening

Christening

Christian

Christian

Christian

Christianism

Christianite

Christianity

Christianize

Christianlike

Christianly

Christian-Name

Christianography

Christmas

Christmas-Box

Christmas-Day

Christmas-Flower

Christmas-Rose

Christs-Thorn

Chroastaces

Chromate

Chromatic

Chromatic

Chromatically

Chromatics

Chrome

Chromic

Chronic

Chronicle

Chronicle

Chronicler

Chronique

Chronogram

Chronogrammatic

Chronogrammatist

Chronographer

Chronography

Chronologer

Chronologic

Chronologically

Chronology

Chronometer

Chrysalid

Chrysalis

Chrysoberyl

Chrysocolla

Crysolite

Chrysoprase

Chub

Chubbed

Chub-Faced

Chuck

Chuck

Chuck

Chuck

Chuck

Chuck-Farthing

Chuckle

Chuckle

Chuckle-Head

Chud

Chuet

Chuff

Chuffily

Chuffiness

Chuffy

Chuk

Chum

Chump

Church

Church

Church-Ale

Church-Attire

Church-Authority

Church-Bench

Church-Burial

Church-Discipline

Churchdom

Church-Founder

Church-History

Churching

Church-Land

Churchlike

Churchman

Church-Member

Church-Music

Churchship

Church-Warden

Church-Way

Church-Work

Church-Yard

Churl

Churlish

Churlishly

Churlishness

Churly

Churme

Churn

Churn

Churned

Churning

Churning

Churn-Staff

Churrworm

Chuse

Chusite

Chylaceous

Chyle

Chylifaction

Chylifactive

Chylopoetic

Chylous

Chyme

Chymic

Cibarious

Cibol

Cicada

Cicatricle

Cicatrisive

Cicatrix

Cicatrizant

Cicatrization

Cicatrize

Cicatrize

Cicatrized

Cicatrizing

Cicely

Cicerone

Ciceronian

Ciceronianism

Cichoraceous

Cicisbeism

Cicisbeo

Cicurate

Cicuration

Cicuta

Cider

Ciderist

Ciderkin

Cierge

Cigar

Ciliary

Ciliated

Cilicious

Cima

Cimbal

Cimbric

Cimbric

Cimiter

Cimmerian

Cimolite

Cinchona

Cincture

Cinder

Cinder-Wench

Cineration

Cinereous

Cineritious

Cingle

Cinnabar

Cinnabarine

Cinnamon

Cinque

Cinque-Foil

Cinque-Pace

Cinque-Ports

Cinque-Spotted

Cion

Cipher

Cipher

Cipher

Ciphering

Cipolin

Circ

Circean

Circensian

Circinal

Circinate

Circination

Circle

Circle

Circle

Circled

Circled

Circler

Circlet

Circling

Circling

Circocele

Circuit

Circuit

Circuit

Circuiteer

Circuition

Circuitous

Circuitously

Circuity

Circular

Circular

Circularity

Circularly

Circulate

Circulate

Circulation

Circulatorious

Circulatory

Circulatory

Circumambiency

Circumambient

Circumambulate

Circumambulation

Circumcellion

Circumcise

Circumciser

Circumcision

Circumcursation

Circumduct

Circumduction

Circumfer

Circumference

Circumference

Circumferential

Circumferentor

Circumflex

Circumflex

Circumfluence

Circumfluent

Circumfluous

Circumforanean

Circumfuse

Circumfusile

Circumfusion

Circumgestation

Circumgyrate

Circumgyration

Circumjacent

Circumligation

Circumlocution

Circumlocutory

Circummured

Circumnavigable

Circumnavigate

Circumnavigation

Circumnavigator

Circumplication

Circumpolar

Circumposition

Circumrasion

Circumrotary

Circumrotation

Circumscribe

Circumscribed

Circumscribing

Circumscriptible

Circumscription

Circumscriptive

Circumscriptively

Circumspect

Circumspection

Circumspective

Circumspectively

Circumpectly

Circumspectness

Circumstance

Circumstanced

Circumstant

Circumstantial

Circumstantiality

Circumstantially

Circumstantiate

Circumterraneous

Circumvallate

Circumvallation

Circumvection

Circumvent

Circumvented

Circumventing

Circumvention

Circumventive

Circumvest

Circumvolation

Circumvolution

Circumvolve

Circumvolve

Circumvolved

Circumvolving

Circus

Cirl

Cirriferous

Cirrous

Cisalpine

Cispadane

Cissoid

Cist

Cisted

Cistercian

Cistern

Cistic

Cistus

Cit

Citadel

Cital

Citation

Citatory

Cite

Citer

Citess

Citharistic

Cithern

Citicism

Citied

Citisin

Citizen

Citizen

Citizenize

Citizenship

Citrate

Citric

Citril

Citrination

Citrine

Citrine

Citron

Citron-Tree

Citron-Water

Citrul

City

City

City-Court

Cives

Civet

Civet-Cat

Civic

Civil

Civilian

Civilist

Civility

Civilization

Civilize

Civilized

Civilizer

Civilizing

Civilly

Civism

Cizar

Cize

Clabber

Clack

Clack

Clacker

Clacking

Clacking

Clad

Claim

Claim

Claimable

Claimant

Claimed

Claimer

Claiming

Clair-Obscure

Clam

Clam-Shell

Clam

Clam

Clamant

Clamber

Clambering

Clamminess

Clammy

Clamor

Clamor

Clamor

Clamorer

Clamoring

Clamorous

Clamorously

Clamorousness

Clamp

Clamp

Clamped

Clamping

Clan

Clancular

Clancularly

Clandestine

Clandestinely

Clandestineness

Clang

Clang

Clangor

Clangorous

Clangous

Clanish

Clanishness

Clank

Clank

Clanship

Clap

Clap

Clap

Clap-Board

Clap-Dish

Clap-Doctor

Clap-Net

Clapped

Clapper

Clapper-Claw

Clapping

Clare

Clarenceux

Clare-Obscure

Claret

Clarichord

Clarification

Clarified

Clarifier

Clarify

Clarify

Clarifying

Clarinet

Clarion

Claritude

Clarity

Clary

Clary

Clary-Water

Clash

Clash

Clash

Clashing

Clashing

Clasp

Clasp

Clasped

Clasper

Claspered

Clasping

Clasp-Knife

Class

Class

Classic

Classic

Classically

Classific

Classification

Classified

Classify

Classifying

Classis

Clatter

Clatter

Clatter

Clatterer

Clattering

Clattering

Claudent

Claudicant

Claudicate

Claudication

Clause

Claustral

Clausure

Clavated

Clave

Clavellated

Claviary

Clavichord

Clavicle

Claviger

Claw

Claw

Clawback

Clawed

Clawing

Clawless

Clay

Clay

Clay-Cold

Clayed

Clayes

Clayey

Clay-Ground

Clayish

Clay-Land

Clay-Marl

Clay-Pit

Clay-Slate

Clay-Stone

Clean

Clean

Clean

Cleanliness

Cleanly

Cleanly

Cleanness

Cleansable

Cleanse

Cleansed

Cleanser

Cleansing

Cleansing

Clean-Timbered

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clearage

Clearance

Cleared

Clearer

Clearing

Clearing

Clearly

Clearness

Clear-Shining

Clear-Sighted

Clear-Sightedness

Clear-Starch

Clear-Starcher

Clear-Starching

Cleat

Cleavage

Cleave

Cleave

Cleave

Cleaved

Cleavelandite

Cleaver

Cleaving

Cleche

Cledge

Clef

Cleft

Cleft

Cleft-Graft

Cleg

Clem

Clemency

Clement

Clementine

Clemently

Clench

Clepe

Clepsammia

Clepsydra

Clergical

Clergy

Clergyable

Clergyman

Cleric

Clerical

Clerk

Clerk-Ale

Clerklike

Clerkly

Clerkly

Clerkship

Cleromancy

Cleve

Clever

Cleverly

Cleverness

Clevy

Clew

Clew

Clew-Garnets

Clew-Lines

Click

Click

Click

Clicker

Clicket

Clicking

Client

Cliental

Cliented

Clientship

Cliff

Cliff

Cliffy

Clifted

Climacter

Climacteric

Climacteric

Climatarchic

Climate

Climate

Climatic

Climature

Climax

Climb

Climb

Climbable

Climbed

Climber

Climber

Climbing

Climbing

Clime

Clinch

Clinch

Clinched

Clincher

Clincher-Built

Clincher-Work

Clinching

Cling

Cling

Clinging

Clingy

Clinic

Clinic

Clinically

Clink

Clink

Clinking

Clinkstone

Clinometer

Clinquant

Clip

Clip

Clipped

Clipper

Clipping

Clipping

Clivers

Cloak

Clochard

Clock

Clock

Clock-Maker

Clock-Setter

Clock-Work

Clod

Clod

Clod

Cloddy

Clodhopper

Clodpated

Clodpoll

Clog

Clog

Clog

Clogged

Clogginess

Clogging

Cloggy

Cloister

Cloister

Cloisteral

Cloistered

Cloistering

Cloistress

Cloke

Cloke

Cloke-Bag

Cloked

Cloking

Clomb

Clong

Clonic

Cloom

Close

Close

Close

Close

Close

Close-Banded

Close-Bodied

Close-Compacted

Close-Couched

Close-Curtained

Close-Fisted

Close-Handed

Close-Handedness

Close-Hauled

Close-Pent

Close-Quarters

Close-Stool

Close-Tongued

Closed

Closely

Closeness

Closer

Closer

Closest

Closet

Closet

Closeted

Closeting

Closet-Sin

Closh

Closing

Closing

Closing

Closure

Clot

Clot

Clot-Bird

Clot-Bur

Cloth

Clothe

Clothe

Clothed

Clothes

Clothier

Clothing

Clothing

Cloth-Shearer

Cloth-Worker

Clotpoll

Clotted

Clotter

Clotting

Clotty

Cloud

Cloud

Cloud

Cloud-Ascending

Cloud-Berry

Cloud-Born

Cloud-Capt

Cloud-Compeller

Cloud-Compelling

Cloud-Covered

Cloud-Dispelling

Cloud-Eclipsed

Clouded

Cloudily

Cloudiness

Clouding

Cloud-Kissing

Cloudless

Cloud-Piercing

Cloud-Topt

Cloud-Touching

Cloudy

Clough

Clout

Clout

Clouted

Clouterly

Clouting

Clove

Clove

Clove

Clove-Gilly-Flower

Cloven

Cloven-Footed

Clover

Clovered

Clown

Clownage

Clownery

Clownish

Clownishly

Clownishness

Cloy

Cloyed

Cloying

Cloyless

Cloyment

Club

Club

Club

Clubbed

Clubber

Clubbing

Club-Fist

Club-Fisted

Club-Footed

Club-Headed

Club-Law

Club-Room

Club-Rush

Club-Shaped

Cluck

Cluck

Clucking

Clue

Clump

Clumps

Clumsily

Clumsiness

Clumsy

Clunch

Clung

Clung

Cluniac

Cluster

Cluster

Cluster

Clustered

Cluster-Grape

Clustering

Clustery

Clutch

Clutch

Clutches

Clutter

Clutter

Clutter

Cluttered

Cluttering

Clyster

Clyster-Pipe

Clysterwise

Co

Coacervate

Coacervate

Coacervation

Coach

Coach

Coach

Coach-Box

Coach-Hire

Coach-Horse

Coach-House

Coach-Maker

Coachman

Coachmanship

Coact

Coacted

Coaction

Coactive

Coactively

Coadjutant

Coadjutor

Coadjutrix

Coadjuvancy

Coadunate

Coadunition

Coadventurer

Coafforest

Coagent

Coagment

Coagmentation

Coagmented

Coagulability

Coagulable

Coagulate

Coagulate

Coagulated

Coagulating

Coagulation

Coagulative

Coagulator

Coagulum

Coaiti

Coak

Coal

Coal

Coal-Black

Coal-Box

Coal-Fish

Coal-House

Coal-Mine

Coal-Miner

Coal-Mouse

Coal-Pit

Coal-Ship

Coal-Stone

Coal-Work

Coalery

Coalesce

Coalescence

Coalescing

Coalier

Coalite

Coalition

Co-Ally

Coaly

Coamings

Coapprehend

Coaptation

Coarct

Coarctation

Coarse

Coarsely

Coarseness

Coassessor

Coassume

Coast

Coast

Coast

Coasted

Coaster

Coasting

Coasting-Pilot

Coasting-Trade

Coasting-Vessel

Coat

Coat

Coat-Armor

Coated

Coati

Coating

Coating

Coax

Coaxed

Coaxer

Coaxing

Cob

Cob

Cobalt

Cobaltic

Cobble

Cobble

Cobbler

Cobbling

Cobby

Cobcal

Cobcoals

Cobelligerent

Cobelligerent

Cobiron

Cobishop

Coble

Cobloaf

Cobnut

Coboose

Cobstone

Cobswan

Cobweb

Cobwebbed

Cocalon

Cocciferous

Coccolite

Cochineal

Cochleary

Cochlite

Cock

Cock

Cock

Cockade

Cockaded

Cockal

Cockatoo

Cockatrice

Cock-Bill

Cock-Boat

Cock-Brained

Cock-Broth

Cock-Chaffer

Cock-Crowing

Cocker

Cocker

Cockerel

Cockering

Cocket

Cocket

Cocket-Bread

Cock-Fight

Cock-Horse

Cocking

Cockle

Cockle

Cockle

Cockled

Cockler

Cockle-Stairs

Cock-Loft

Cock-Master

Cock-Match

Cockney

Cockneylike

Cock-Paddle

Cockpit

Cockroach

Cocks-Comb

Cockshead

Cockshut

Cockspur

Cocksure

Cockswain

Cock-Weed

Cocoa

Cocoa-Nut

Cocoon

Coctile

Coction

Cod

Cod

Codded

Codder

Coddy

Code

Codger

Codicil

Codille

Codle

Codle

Codling

Codling

Coefficacy

Coefficiency

Coefficient

Coefficient

Coefficiently

Co-Elder

Coeliac

Coemption

Coenjoy

Coequal

Coequal

Coequality

Coequally

Coerce

Coerced

Coercible

Coercing

Coercion

Coercive

Coercively

Coessential

Coessentiality

Coessentially

Coestablishment

Coetaneous

Coeternal

Coeternally

Coeternity

Coeval

Coeval

Coevous

Co-Executor

Coexist

Coexistence

Coexistent

Coextend

Coextended

Coextending

Coextension

Coextensive

Coextensiveness

Coffee

Coffee-Cup

Coffee-House

Coffee-Man

Coffee-Pot

Coffer

Coffer

Coffered

Cofferer

Coffin

Coffin

Coffined

Coffin-Maker

Cofounder

Cog

Cog

Cog

Cog

Cog

Cogency

Cogenial

Cogent

Cogently

Cogged

Cogger

Coggery

Cogging

Cogging

Cogitable

Cogitate

Cogitation

Cogitative

Cognate

Cognate

Cognation

Cognition

Cognitive

Cognizable

Cognizance

Cognizee

Cognizor

Cognominal

Cognomination

Cognoscence

Cognoscible

Cognoscitive

Coguar

Co-Guardian

Cohabit

Cohabitant

Cohabitation

Coheir

Coheiress

Cohere

Coherence

Coherent

Coherently

Cohesion

Cohesive

Cohesively

Cohesiveness

Cohobate

Cohobated

Cohobating

Cohobation

Cohoes

Cohort

Cohorta Tion

Coif

Coif

Coifed

Coiffure

Coigne

Coigne

Coil

Coil

Coiled

Coiling

Coin

Coin

Coin

Coinage

Coincide

Coincidence

Coincident

Coincider

Coinciding

Coindication

Coined

Coiner

Coining

Coinquinate

Coinquination

Coistril

Coit

Coiting

Coition

Cojoin

Cojuror

Coke

Colander

Colation

Colature

Colbertine

Colcothar

Cold

Cold

Cold-Blooded

Cold-Finch

Cold-Hearted

Cold-Heartedness

Coldly

Coldness

Cold-Short

Cole

Cole-Mouse

Coleopter

Coleopteral

Cole-Perch

Cole-Seed

Cole-Wort

Colic

Colic

Colin

Coll

Collapse

Collapsed

Collapsion

Collar

Collar

Collarage

Collar-Bone

Collared

Collate

Collate

Collated

Collateral

Collateral

Collaterally

Collateralness

Collating

Collation

Collative

Collator

Collaud

Colleague

Colleague

Colleagued

Colleagueship

Collect

Collect

Collect

Collectaneous

Collected

Collectedly

Collectedness

Collectible

Collecting

Collection

Collective

Collectively

Collectiveness

Collector

Collectorship

Collegatary

College

College-Like

Collegial

Collegian

Collegiate

Collegiate

Collet

Colletic

Colletic

Collide

Collier

Colliery

Colliflower

Colligate

Colligated

Colligating

Colligation

Collimation

Collineation

Colling

Colliquable

Colliquament

Colliquant

Colliquate

Colliquate

Colliquated

Colliquating

Colliquation

Colliquative

Colliquefaction

Collision

Collocate

Collocate

Collocated

Collocating

Collocation

Collocution

Collocutor

Collogue

Collop

Colloquial

Colloquist

Colloquy

Collow

Colluctancy

Colluctation

Collude

Colluder

Colluding

Colluding

Collusion

Collusive

Collusively

Collusiveness

Collusory

Colly

Colly

Collyrite

Collyrium

Colmar

Colocynth

Cologne-Earth

Colombo

Colon

Colonel

Colonelcy

Colonial

Colonist

Colonization

Colonize

Colonized

Colonizing

Colonizing

Colonnade

Colony

Colophon

Colophonite

Colophony

Coloquintida

Color

Color

Color

Colorable

Colorably

Colorate

Coloration

Colorature

Colored

Colorific

Coloring

Coloring

Colorist

Colorless

Colossal

Colossus

Colossus-Wise

Colstaff

Colt

Colt

Colt

Colts-Foot

Colts-Tooth

Colter

Coltish

Coluber

Colubrine

Columbary

Columbate

Columbian

Columbic

Columbiferous

Columbine

Columbine

Columbite

Columbium

Columbo

Columel

Column

Columnar

Columnarish

Colure

Com

Coma

Coma

Comart

Comate

Co-Mate

Comatose

Comb

Comb

Comb

Comb

Comb-Bird

Comb-Brush

Comb-Maker

Combat

Combat

Combat

Combatant

Combatant

Combated

Combater

Combating

Combed

Comber

Comber

Comber

Combinable

Combinate

Combination

Combine

Combine

Combined

Combing

Combing

Combining

Combless

Combust

Combustible

Combustible

Combustibleness

Combustion

Come

Come

Come-Off

Comedian

Comedy

Comelily

Comeliness

Comely

Comely

Comer

Comessation

Comestible

Comet

Comet

Cometarium

Cometary

Cometic

Comet-Like

Cometography

Comfit

Comfit

Comfit-Maker

Comfort

Comfort

Comfortable

Comfortableness

Comfortably

Comforted

Comforter

Comforting

Comfortless

Comfortress

Comfrey

Comic

Comical

Comically

Comicalness

Coming

Coming

Coming-in

Comitial

Comity

Comma

Command

Command

Command

Commandable

Commandant

Commandatory

Commanded

Commander

Commandery

Commanding

Commandingly

Commandment

Commandress

Commark

Commaterial

Commateriality

Commatism

Commeasurable

Commeline

Commemorable

Commemorate

Commemorated

Commemorating

Commemoration

Commemorative

Commemoratory

Commence

Commence

Commenced

Commencement

Commencing

Commend

Commend

Commendable

Commendableness

Commendably

Commendam

Commendatary

Commendation

Commendatory

Commendatory

Commended

Commender

Commending

Commensal

Commensality

Commensurability

Commensurable

Commensurate

Commensurate

Commensurately

Commensuration

Comment

Comment

Comment

Commentary

Commentary

Commentator

Commenter

Commenting

Commentitious

Commerce

Commerce

Commercial

Commercially

Commigrate

Commigration

Commination

Comminatory

Commingle

Commingle

Comminuate

Comminuible

Comminute

Comminuted

Comminuting

Comminution

Commiserable

Commiserate

Commiserated

Commiserating

Commiseration

Commiseratively

Commiserator

Commissarial

Commissariate

Commissary

Commissaryship

Commission

Commission-Merchant

Commission

Commissional

Commissioned

Commissioner

Commissioning

Commissure

Commit

Commitment

Committed

Committee

Committeeship

Committer

Committible

Committing

Commix

Commix

Commixed

Commixing

Commixtion

Commixture

Commode

Commodious

Commodiously

Commodiousness

Commodity

Commodore

Commodulation

Commoigne

Common

Common

Common

Common

Common-Council

Common-Crier

Common-Hall

Common-Lawyer

Commonplace

Commonplace

Commonable

Commonage

Commonalty

Commoner

Commonition

Commonitive

Commonly

Commonness

Commons

Commonty

Commonweal

Commonwealthsman

Commorance

Commorant

Commorient

Commother

Commotion

Commotioner

Commove

Commune

Commune

Communicability

Communicable

Communicant

Communicate

Communicate

Communicated

Communicating

Communication

Communicative

Communicativeness

Communicatory

Communing

Communing

Communion

Community

Commutability

Commutable

Commutation

Commutative

Commutatively

Commute

Commute

Commutual

Compact

Compact

Compact

Compacted

Compactedness

Compacting

Compaction

Compactly

Compactness

Compacture

Compages

Compagination

Companable

Companableness

Companiable

Companiableness

Companion

Companionable

Companionably

Companionship

Company

Company

Company

Comparable

Comparably

Comparates

Comparative

Comparative

Comparatively

Compare

Compare

Compare

Compared

Comparer

Comparing

Comparison

Compart

Comparted

Comparting

Compartition

Compartment

Compartner

Compass

Compass

Compassed

Compassing

Compassion

Compassion

Compassionable

Compassionate

Compassionate

Compassionately

Compassionateness

Compaternity

Compatibility

Compatible

Compatibleness

Compatibly

Compatient

Compatriot

Compatriot

Compeer

Compeer

Compel

Compellable

Compellably

Compellation

Compelled

Compeller

Compelling

Compend

Compendiarious

Compendiate

Compendious

Compendiously

Compendiousness

Compensable

Compensate

Compensate

Compensated

Compensating

Compensation

Compensative

Compensatory

Compense

Compete

Competence

Competent

Competently

Competible

Competing

Competition

Competitor

Competitory

Competitress

Compilation

Compilator

Compile

Compiled

Compilement

Compiler

Compiling

Complacence

Complacent

Complacential

Complacently

Complain

Complain

Complainable

Complainant

Complainer

Complainful

Complaining

Complaining

Complaint

Complaisance

Complaisant

Complaisantly

Complaisantness

Complanate

Complement

Complemental

Complementary

Complete

Complete

Completed

Completely

Completement

Completeness

Completing

Completion

Completive

Completory

Completory

Complex

Complex

Complexedness

Complexion

Complexional

Complexionally

Complexionary

Complexioned

Complexity

Complexly

Complexness

Complexure

Compliable

Compliance

Compliant

Compliantly

Complicacy

Complicate

Complicate

Complicated

Complicately

Complicateness

Complicating

Complication

Complice

Complied

Complier

Compliment

Compliment

Compliment

Complimental

Complimentally

Complimenter

Compline

Complish

Complot

Complot

Complotment

Complotted

Complotter

Complotting

Comply

Complying

Compone

Component

Comport

Comport

Comport

Comportable

Comportance

Comportation

Comportment

Compose

Composed

Composedly

Composedness

Composer

Composing

Composing-Stick

Composite

Composition

Compositor

Compossible

Compost

Compost

Composture

Composure

Compotation

Compotator

Compound

Compound

Compound

Compound

Compoundable

Compounded

Compounder

Compounding

Comprehend

Comprehended

Comprehending

Comprehensible

Comprehensibleness

Comprehensibly

Comprehension

Comprehensive

Comprehensively

Comprehensiveness

Comprehensor

Compresbyterial

Compress

Compress

Compressed

Compressibility

Compressible

Compressibleness

Compression

Compressive

Compressure

Compriest

Comprint

Comprisal

Comprise

Comprised

Comprising

Comprobate

Comprobation

Compromise

Compromise

Compromised

Compromiser

Compromising

Compromissorial

Compromit

Compromited

Compromiting

Comprovincial

Compt

Compt

Compt

Comptible

Comptly

Comptness

Comptonite

Comptroll

Compulsative

Compulsatively

Compulsion

Compulsive

Compulsively

Compulsiveness

Compulsorily

Compulsory

Compunction

Compunctious

Compunctive

Compupil

Compurgation

Compurgator

Computable

Computation

Compute

Compute

Computed

Computer

Computing

Computist

Comrade

Comrogue

Con

Con

Con

Conatus

Concamerate

Concamerated

Concameration

Concatenate

Concatenated

Concatenation

Concause

Concavation

Concave

Concave

Concave

Concaveness

Concavity

Concavo-Concave

Concavo-Convex

Concavous

Concavously

Conceal

Concealable

Concealed

Concealer

Concealing

Concealing

Concealment

Concede

Conceded

Conceding

Conceit

Conceit

Conceited

Conceitedly

Conceitedness

Conceitless

Conceivable

Conceivableness

Conceivably

Conceive

Conceive

Conceived

Conceiver

Conceiving

Conceiving

Concelebrate

Concent

Concented

Concenter

Concenter

Concentered

Concentering

Concentful

Concentrate

Concentrated

Concentrating

Concentration

Concentric

Concentual

Conceptacle

Conceptible

Conception

Conceptious

Conceptive

Concern

Concern

Concerned

Concernedly

Concerning

Concernment

Concert

Concert

Concertation

Concerto

Concession

Concessionary

Concessive

Concessively

Concetto

Conch

Conchiferous

Conchite

Conchoid

Conchoidal

Conchological

Conchologist

Conchology

Conchometer

Conchylaceous

Conchyliologist

Conciator

Conciliable

Conciliar

Conciliate

Conciliated

Conciliating

Conciliation

Conciliator

Conciliatory

Concinnity

Concinnous

Concionator

Concionatory

Concise

Concisely

Conciseness

Concision

Concitation

Concite

Conclamation

Conclave

Conclude

Conclude

Concluded

Concludency

Concludent

Concluder

Concluding

Concludingly

Conclusible

Conclusion

Conclusional

Conclusive

Conclusively

Conclusiveness

Concoagulate

Concoagulated

Concoagulating

Concoagulation

Concoct

Concocted

Concocting

Concoction

Concoctive

Concolor

Concomitance

Concomitant

Concomitant

Concomitantly

Concomitate

Concord

Concordance

Concordancy

Concordant

Concordant

Concordantly

Concordat

Concordist

Concorporate

Concorporate

Concorporation

Concourse

Concreate

Concreated

Concredit

Concremation

Concrement

Concrescence

Concrescible

Concrete

Concrete

Concrete

Concrete

Concreted

Concretely

Concreteness

Concreting

Concretion

Concretive

Concreture

Concrew

Concubinage

Concubinate

Concubine

Conculcate

Conculcation

Concupiscence

Concupiscent

Concupiscible

Concur

Concurrence

Concurrency

Concurrent

Concurrent

Concurrently

Concurring

Concussation

Concussion

Concussive

Cond

Condemn

Condemnable

Condemnation

Condemnatory

Condemned

Condemner

Condemning

Condensable

Condensate

Condensate

Condensate

Condensation

Condensative

Condense

Condense

Condense

Condensed

Condenser

Condensity

Conder

Condescend

Condescendence

Condescending

Condescendingly

Condescension

Condescensive

Condescent

Condign

Condignity

Condignly

Condignness

Condiment

Condisciple

Condite

Conditement

Conditing

Condition

Condition

Condition

Conditional

Conditional

Conditionality

Conditionally

Conditionary

Conditionate

Conditionate

Conditioned

Conditionly

Condole

Condole

Condolement

Condolence

Condoler

Condoling

Condoling

Condoma

Condonation

Condor

Conduce

Conducement

Conducent

Conducible

Conducibleness

Conducive

Conduciveness

Conduct

Conduct

Conducted

Conducting

Conduction

Conductitious

Conductor

Conductress

Conduit

Conduplicate

Conduplicate

Conduplicated

Conduplication

Condyl

Condyloid

Condyloid

Cone

Conepate

Coney

Confabulate

Confabulation

Confabulatory

Confamiliar

Confarreation

Confated

Confect

Confect

Confection

Confectionary

Confectionary

Confector

Confectory

Confederacy

Confederate

Confederate

Confederate

Confederate

Confederated

Confederating

Confederation

Confer

Confer

Conference

Conferred

Conferrer

Conferring

Conferring

Confess

Confess

Confessant

Confessary

Confessed

Confessedly

Confessing

Confession

Confessional

Confessionary

Confessionary

Confessionist

Confessor

Confest

Confestly

Confidant

Confide

Confide

Confided

Confidence

Confident

Confident

Confidential

Confidentially

Confidently

Confidentness

Confider

Configurate

Configuration

Configure

Confinable

Confine

Confine

Confine

Confine

Confined

Confineless

Confinement

Confiner

Confiner

Confining

Confinity

Confirm

Confirmable

Confirmation

Confirmative

Confirmator

Confirmatory

Confirmed

Confirmedness

Confirmer

Confirming

Confirmingly

Confiscable

Confiscate

Confiscate

Confiscated

Confiscating

Confiscation

Confiscator

Confiscatory

Confit

Confitent

Confiture

Confix

Confixed

Confixing

Confixure

Conflagrant

Conflagration

Conflation

Conflexure

Conflict

Conflict

Conflicting

Confluence

Confluent

Conflux

Confluxibility

Conform

Conform

Conform

Conformable

Conformably

Conformation

Conformed

Conformer

Conforming

Conformist

Conformity

Confortation

Confound

Confounded

Confoundedly

Confoundedness

Confounder

Confounding

Confraternity

Confrication

Confrier

Confront

Confrontation

Confronted

Confronting

Confuse

Confused

Confusedly

Confusedness

Confusion

Confutable

Confutant

Confutation

Confute

Confuted

Confuter

Confuting

Conge

Conge

Conge

Congeal

Congeal

Congealable

Congealed

Congealing

Congealment

Congelation

Congener

Congener

Congeneracy

Congeneric

Congenerousness

Congenial

Congeniality

Congenite

Conger

Congeries

Congest

Congestible

Congestion

Congiary

Conglaciate

Conglaciation

Conglobate

Conglobate

Conglobated

Conglobately

Conglobation

Conglobe

Conglobe

Conglobed

Conglobing

Conglobulate

Conglomerate

Conglomerate

Conglomerate

Conglomerated

Conglomerating

Conglomeration

Conglutinant

Conglutinant

Conglutinate

Conglutinate

Conglutinated

Conglutinating

Conglutination

Conglutinative

Conglutinator

Congo

Congratulant

Congratulate

Congratulated

Congratulating

Congratulation

Congratulator

Congratulatory

Congree

Congreet

Congregate

Congregate

Congregate

Congregated

Congregating

Congregation

Congregational

Congregationalism

Congregationalist

Congress

Congression

Congressional

Congressive

Congrue

Congruence

Congruent

Congruity

Congruous

Congruously

Conic

Conically

Conicalness

Conics

Coniferous

Coniform

Conite

Conject

Conject

Conjector

Conjecturable

Conjectural

Conjecturally

Conjecture

Conjecture

Conjectured

Conjecturer

Conjecturing

Conjoin

Conjoin

Conjoined

Conjoining

Conjoint

Conjointly

Conjugal

Conjugally

Conjugate

Conjugate

Conjugate

Conjugation

Conjunct

Conjunction

Conjunctive

Conjunctively

Conjunctiveness

Conjunctly

Conjuncture

Conjuration

Conjure

Conjure

Conjure

Conjured

Conjurement

Conjurer

Conjuring

Connascence

Connate

Connatural

Connaturality

Connaturally

Connaturalness

Connect

Connect

Connection

Connective

Connective

Connectively

Connex

Connexion

Connexive

Connivance

Connive

Connivency

Connivent

Conniver

Conniving

Connoisseur

Connoisseurship

Connotate

Connotation

Connote

Connubial

Connumeration

Connusance

Connusant

Conny

Conoid

Conoidic

Conquassate

Conquer

Conquer

Conquerable

Conquered

Conqueress

Conquering

Conqueror

Conquest

Consanguineous

Consanguinity

Conscience

Conscienced

Conscient

Conscientious

Conscientiously

Conscientiousness

Conscionable

Conscionableness

Conscionably

Conscious

Consciously

Consciousness

Conscript

Conscript

Conscription

Consecrate

Consecrate

Consecrated

Consecrating

Consecration

Consecrator

Consecratory

Consectary

Consectary

Consecution

Consecutive

Consecutively

Consenescence

Consension

Consent

Consent

Consentaneous

Consentaneously

Consentaneousness

Consenter

Consentient

Consequence

Consequent

Consequent

Consequential

Consequentially

Consequentialness

Consequently

Consequentness

Consertion

Conservable

Conservancy

Conservant

Conservation

Conservative

Conservator

Conservatory

Conservatory

Conserve

Conserve

Conserved

Conserver

Conserving

Consession

Consessor

Consider

Consider

Considerable

Considerableness

Considerably

Considerance

Considerate

Considerately

Considerateness

Consideration

Considerative

Considered

Considerer

Considering

Considering

Consideringly

Consign

Consign

Consignation

Consignature

Consigned

Consignee

Consigner

Consignification

Consignificative

Consigning

Consignment

Consimilar

Consimilitude

Consist

Consistence

Consistent

Consistently

Consistorial

Consistorian

Consistory

Consociate

Consociate

Consociate

Consociation

Consociational

Consol

Consolable

Consolate

Consolation

Consolator

Consolatory

Consolatory

Console

Console

Consoled

Consoler

Consolidant

Consolidant

Consolidate

Consolidate

Consolidate

Consolidated

Consolidating

Consolidation

Consonance

Consonant

Consonant

Consonantly

Consonantness

Consonous

Consopiate

Consopiation

Consopite

Consopite

Consort

Consort

Consort

Consortable

Consorted

Consorting

Consortion

Consortship

Consound

Conspicuity

Conspicuous

Conspicuously

Conspicuousness

Conspiracy

Conspirant

Conspiration

Conspirator

Conspire

Conspirer

Conspiring

Conspiringly

Conspissation

Conspurcation

Constable

Constableship

Constablewick

Constancy

Constant

Constantinopolitan

Constantly

Constat

Constellate

Constellate

Constellated

Constellation

Consternation

Constipate

Constipation

Constituent

Constituent

Constitute

Constituted

Constituter

Constituting

Constitution

Constitutional

Constitutionalist

Constitutionality

Constitutionally

Constitutionist

Constitutive

Constrain

Constrainable

Constrained

Constrainedly

Constrainer

Constraining

Constraint

Constraintive

Constrict

Constricted

Constricting

Constriction

Constrictor

Constringe

Constringed

Constringent

Constringing

Construct

Constructed

Constructer

Constructing

Construction

Constructional

Constructive

Constructively

Constructure

Construe

Construed

Construing

Constuprate

Constupration

Consubsist

Consubstantial

Consubstantialist

Consubstantiality

Consubstantiate

Consubstantiate

Consubstantiation

Consul

Consulage

Consular

Consulate

Consulship

Consult

Consult

Consult

Consultation

Consultative

Consulted

Consulter

Consulting

Consumable

Consume

Consume

Consumed

Consumer

Consuming

Consummate

Consummate

Consummated

Consummately

Consummating

Consummation

Consumption

Consumptive

Consumptively

Consumptiveness

Contabulate

Contabulation

Contact

Contaction

Contagion

Contagious

Contagiousness

Contain

Contain

Containable

Contained

Containing

Contaminate

Contaminate

Contaminated

Contaminating

Contamination

Conteck

Contection

Contemn

Contemned

Contemner

Contemning

Contemper

Contemperament

Contemperate

Contemperation

Contemplate

Contemplate

Contemplated

Contemplating

Contemplation

Contemplative

Contemplatively

Contemplator

Contemporaneous

Contemporary

Contemporary

Contemporise

Contempt

Contemptible

Contemptibleness

Contemptibly

Contemptuous

Contemptuously

Contemptuousness

Contend

Contend

Contended

Contendent

Contender

Contending

Contenement

Content

Content

Content

Content

Contentation

Contented

Contentedly

Contentedness

Contentful

Contention

Contentious

Contentiously

Contentiousness

Contentless

Contently

Contentment

Conterminable

Conterminate

Conterminous

Conterranean

Contest

Contest

Contest

Contestable

Contestableness

Contestation

Contestingly

Contestless

Contex

Context

Context

Context

Contexture

Contextural

Contignation

Contiguity

Contiguous

Contiguously

Contiguousness

Continence

Continent

Continent

Continental

Continently

Contingence

Contingent

Contingent

Contingently

Contingentness

Continual

Continually

Continualness

Continuance

Continuate

Continuate

Continuately

Continuation

Continuative

Continuator

Continue

Continue

Continued

Continuedly

Continuer

Continuing

Continuity

Continuous

Contort

Contorted

Contortion

Contour

Contourniated

Contra

Contraband

Contraband

Contrabandist

Contract

Contract

Contract

Contract

Contracted

Contractedly

Contractedness

Contractibility

Contractible

Contractibleness

Contractile

Contractility

Contracting

Contraction

Contractor

Contra-Dance

Contradict

Contradicted

Contradicter

Contradicting

Contradiction

Contradictional

Contradictious

Contradictiousness

Contradictorily

Contradictoriness

Contradictory

Contradictory

Contradistinct

Contradistinction

Contradistinctive

Contradistinguish

Contradistinguished

Contradistinguishing

Contrafissure

Contraindicant

Contraindicate

Contraindication

Contramure

Contranatural

Contranitency

Contraposition

Contrapuntist

Contraregularity

Contrariant

Contraries

Contrariety

Contrarily

Contrariness

Contrarious

Contrariously

Contrariwise

Contrary

Contrary

Contrary

Contrary-Minded

Contrast

Contrast

Contrasted

Contrasting

Contra-Tenor

Contrate-Wheel

Contravallation

Contravene

Contravened

Contravener

Contravening

Contravention

Contraversion

Contrayerva

Contrectation

Contributary

Contribute

Contribute

Contributed

Contributing

Contribution

Contributive

Contributor

Contributory

Contristate

Contristation

Contrite

Contritely

Contriteness

Contrition

Contrivable

Contrivance

Contrive

Contrive

Contrived

Contrivement

Contriver

Contriving

Control

Control

Controllable

Controlled

Controller

Controllership

Controlment

Controverse

Controverser

Controversial

Controversialist

Controversy

Controvert

Controverted

Controverter

Controvertible

Controverting

Controvertist

Contumacious

Contumaciously

Contumaciousness

Contumacy

Contumelious

Contumeliously

Contumeliousness

Contumely

Contund

Contuse

Contusion

Conundrum

Conusance

Conusant

Convalescence

Convalescent

Convallary

Convenable

Convene

Convene

Convened

Convener

Convenience

Convenient

Conveniently

Convening

Convening

Convent

Convent

Convent

Conventicle

Conventicle

Conventicler

Convention

Conventional

Conventionary

Conventioner

Conventionist

Conventual

Conventual

Converge

Convergence

Convergent

Converging

Conversable

Conversableness

Conversably

Conversant

Conversation

Conversationed

Conversative

Conversazione

Converse

Converse

Conversely

Conversion

Convert

Convert

Convert

Converted

Converter

Convertibility

Convertible

Convertibly

Convertite

Convex

Convex

Convexed

Convexedly

Convexity

Convexly

Convexness

Convexo-Concave

Convexo-Convex

Convey

Conveyable

Conveyance

Conveyancer

Conveyancing

Conveyer

Conveying

Convicinity

Convict

Convict

Convict

Convicted

Convicting

Conviction

Convictive

Convictively

Convince

Convinced

Convincement

Convincer

Convincible

Convincing

Convincingly

Convincingness

Convitious

Convive

Convivial

Conviviality

Convocate

Convocation

Convoke

Convoked

Convoking

Convolute

Convolution

Convolve

Convolvulus

Convoy

Convoy

Convoyed

Convoying

Convulse

Convulsed

Convulsing

Convulsion

Convulsive

Convulsively

Cony

Cony-Burrow

Cony-Catch

Cony-Catcher

Cony-Catching

Coo

Cooing

Cooing

Cook

Cook

Cook

Cooked

Cookery

Cooking

Cookmaid

Cookroom

Cool

Cool

Cool

Cool

Cool-Cup

Cooled

Cooler

Cool-Headed

Cooling

Coolish

Coolly

Coolness

Coom

Coomb

Coop

Coop

Cooped

Cooper

Cooperage

Co-Operate

Co-Operating

Co-Operation

Co-Operative

Co-Operator

Co-Optate

Co-Optation

Co-Ordinate

Co-Ordinately

Co-Ordinateness

Co-Ordination

Coot

Cop

Copaiba

Copal

Coparcenary

Coparcener

Coparceny

Copartment

Copartner

Copartnership

Copatan

Cope

Cope

Cope

Copeman

Copernican

Copesmate

Copied

Copier

Coping

Copious

Copiously

Copiousness

Copist

Copland

Co-Plant

Co-Portion

Copped

Coppel

Copper

Copper

Copper

Copper

Copperas

Copper-Bottomed

Coppered

Copper-Fastened

Copperish

Copper-Nose

Copper-Plate

Copper-Smith

Copper-Work

Copper-Worm

Coppery

Coppice

Coppled

Copple-Dust

Copple-Stones

Copse

Copse

Copsy

Coptic

Coptic

Copula

Copulate

Copulate

Copulate

Copulation

Copulative

Copulative

Copy

Copy

Copy

Copybook

Copyed

Copyer

Copyhold

Copyholder

Copyist

Copyright

Coquallin

Coquelicot

Coquet

Coquet

Coquet

Coquetish

Coquetry

Coracle

Coracoid

Coracoid

Coral

Coral

Coral-Tree

Coral-Wort

Corallaceous

Coralliform

Coralline

Coralline

Corallinite

Corallite

Coralloid

Coralloid

Corant

Corb

Corban

Corbe

Corbeil

Corbel

Corbel

Corby

Corcelet

Corcule

Cord

Cord

Cordmaker

Cordwood

Cordage

Cordate

Cordately

Corded

Cordelier

Cordial

Cordial

Cordiality

Cordially

Cordierite

Cordiform

Cordiner

Cordon

Cordovan

Corduroy

Cordwain

Cordwainer

Core

Cored

Co-Regent

Coriaceous

Coriander

Corindon

Corinth

Corinthiac

Corinthian

Co-Rival

Corival

Cork

Cork

Corking-Pin

Cork-Screw

Corky

Cormorant

Corn

Corn

Cornbind

Cornblade

Corn-Chandler

Cornclad

Corncrake

Corn-Cutter

Cornfield

Cornflag

Cornfloor

Cornflower

Cornheap

Cornland

Cornloft

Corn-Marygold

Cornmaster

Cornmeter

Cornmill

Corn-Parsley

Cornpipe

Corn-Rocket

Cornrose

Corn-Sallad

Cornstalk

Corn-Violet

Cornage

Cornea

Cornel

Cornelian

Cornemuse

Corneous

Corner

Cornered

Corner-Stone

Corner-Wise

Cornet

Cornetcy

Cornetter

Cornice

Cornicle

Corniculate

Cornigerous

Corning-House

Cornish

Cornist

Cornless

Cornucopia

Cornute

Cornuted

Cornuto

Cornutor

Corny

Corny

Corody

Corol

Corollaceous

Corollary

Corollet

Corona

Coronal

Coronal

Coronary

Coronation

Coronel

Coroner

Coronet

Coroniform

Coronoid

Coronule

Corporal

Corporal

Corporal

Corporality

Corporally

Corporalship

Corporas

Corporate

Corporateness

Corporation

Corporator

Corporature

Corporeal

Corporealist

Corporeally

Corporeity

Corporify

Corposant

Corps

Corpse

Corpulence

Corpulent

Corpuscle

Corpuscular

Corpuscularian

Corpuscularian

Corradiation

Correct

Correct

Corrected

Correcting

Correction

Correctional

Correctioner

Corrective

Corrective

Correctly

Correctness

Corrector

Corregidor

Correlate

Correlation

Correlative

Correlative

Correlatively

Correlativeness

Correption

Correspond

Correspondence

Correspondent

Correspondent

Correspondently

Corresponding

Corresponsive

Corridor

Corrigible

Corrival

Corrivate

Corrivation

Corroborant

Corroborant

Corroborate

Corroborated

Corroborating

Corroboration

Corroborative

Corroborative

Corrode

Corroded

Corrodent

Corrodent

Corrodibility

Corrodible

Corroding

Corrody

Corrosible

Corrosibility

Corrosion

Corrosive

Corrosive

Corrosively

Corrosiveness

Corrugant

Corrugate

Corrugate

Corrugated

Corrugating

Corrugation

Corrugator

Corrupt

Corrupt

Corrupt

Corrupted

Corrupter

Corruptibility

Corruptible

Corruptible

Corruptibleness

Corruptibly

Corrupting

Corruption

Corruptive

Corruptless

Corruptly

Corruptness

Corruptress

Corsair

Corsak

Corse

Corse-Encumbered

Corse-Present

Corselet

Corselet

Corset

Corsned

Cortege

Cortes

Cortical

Corticate

Corticiferous

Corticiform

Corticose

Corundum

Coruscant

Coruscate

Coruscation

Corvet

Corvus

Corybantic

Corymb

Corymbiated

Corymbiferous

Corymbous

Corymbulous

Coryphene

Corypheus

Coscinomancy

Co-Secant

Cosier

Cosinage

Co-Sine

Cosmetic

Cosmetic

Cosmical

Cosmically

Cosmogonist

Cosmogony

Cosmographer

Cosmographic

Cosmographically

Cosmography

Cosmolabe

Cosmolatory

Cosmological

Cosmologist

Cosmology

Cosmoplastic

Cosmopolitan

Coss

Cossack

Cossas

Cosset

Cossic

Cost

Cost

Costal

Costard

Costard-Monger

Coster-Monger

Costive

Costiveness

Costliness

Costless

Costly

Costmary

Costrel

Costume

Co-Sufferer

Co-Supreme

Co-Surety

Cot

Co-Tangent

Cote

Cote

Cotemporaneous

Cotemporary

Cotemporary

Co-Tenant

Coterie

Coticular

Cotillon

Cotland

Cotquean

Co-Trustee

Cotswold

Cott

Cottage

Cottaged

Cottager

Cotter

Cotton

Cotton

Cotton

Cotton-Gin

Cotton-Grass

Cotton-Machine

Cotton-Mill

Cotton-Plant

Cotton-Thistle

Cotton-Weed

Cottony

Cotyle

Cotyledon

Cotyledonous

Couch

Couch

Couch

Couchant

Couched

Couchee

Coucher

Couch-Fellow

Couch-Grass

Couching

Couching

Cough

Cough

Cough

Cougher

Coughing

Could

Coulter

Council

Council-Board

Councilor

Council-Table

Co-Unite

Counsel

Counsel

Counsel-Keeper

Counsel-Keeping

Counselable

Counseled

Counseling

Counselor

Counselorship

Count

Count

Count

Count

Count-Wheel

Countable

Counted

Countenance

Countenance

Countenanced

Countenancer

Countenancing

Counter

Counter

Counteract

Counteracted

Counteracting

Counteraction

Counter-Attraction

Counterbalance

Counterbalance

Counterbalanced

Counterbalancing

Counterbond

Counterbuff

Counterbuff

Counterbuffed

Countercast

Countercaster

Counterchange

Counterchange

Counterchanged

Countercharm

Countercharm

Countercheck

Countercheck

Countercurrent

Countercurrent

Counterdistinction

Counterdraw

Counterdrawing

Counterdrawn

Counter-Evidence

Counterfeit

Counterfeit

Counterfeit

Counterfeit

Counterfeited

Counterfeiter

Counterfeitly

Counterferment

Counterfesance

Counterfoil

Counterfort

Countergage

Counterguard

Counter-Influence

Counterlight

Countermand

Countermand

Countermanded

Countermanding

Countermarch

Countermarch

Countermark

Countermark

Countermine

Countermine

Counter-Motion

Counter-Movement

Countermure

Countermure

Counter-Natural

Counter-Negotiation

Counternoise

Counter-Opening

Counterpace

Counterpaled

Counterpane

Counterpart

Counterpassant

Counter-Petition

Counterplea

Counterplot

Counterplot

Counterplotting

Counterpoint

Counterpoise

Counterpoise

Counterpoised

Counterpoising

Counterpoison

Counterpractice

Counterpressure

Counterproject

Counterproof

Counterprove

Counter-Revolution

Counter-Revolutionary

Counter-Revolutionist

Counterroll

Counterrolment

Counter-Saliant

Counterscarp

Counterscuffle

Counterseal

Counter-Secure

Counter-Security

Countersense

Countersign

Countersign

Countersignal

Counter-Signature

Countersigned

Countersigning

Counterstatute

Counterstroke

Counter-Surety

Countersway

Countertally

Countertaste

Countertenor

Countertide

Countertime

Counterturn

Countervail

Countervail

Countervailed

Countervailing

Counterview

Countervote

Counterweigh

Counterwheel

Counterwind

Counterwork

Counterwrought

Countess

Counting-House

Countless

Country

Country

Countryman

County

County

Coupee

Couple

Couple

Couple

Coupled

Couplement

Couplet

Coupling

Coupling

Courage

Courageous

Courageously

Courageousness

Courant

Courap

Courb

Courb

Courbaril

Courier

Course

Courses

Course

Course

Coursed

Courser

Coursey

Coursing

Coursing

Court

Court

Court-Baron

Court-Bred

Court-Breeding

Court-Bubble

Court-Chaplain

Court-Cupboard

Court-Day

Court-Dress

Court-Dresser

Court-Fashion

Court-Favor

Court-Hand

Court-House

Court-Lady

Court-Leet

Court-Martial

Courted

Courteous

Courteously

Courteousness

Courter

Courtesan

Courtesy

Courtesy

Courtesy

Courtier

Courtiery

Courting

Courtlike

Courtliness

Courtling

Courtly

Courtly

Courtship

Cousin

Cousin

Cove

Cove

Covenable

Covenant

Covenant

Covenant

Covenanted

Covenantee

Covenanting

Covenanter

Covenous

Cover

Cover

Coverchief

Covercle

Covered

Covering

Covering

Coverlet

Cover-Shame

Covert

Covert

Covertly

Covertness

Coverture

Covert-Way

Covet

Covet

Covetable

Coveted

Coveting

Coveting

Covetise

Covetous

Covetously

Covetousness

Covey

Covin

Coving

Covinous

Cow

Cow

Cow-Bane

Cowhage

Cowherd

Cow-House

Cow-Keeper

Cow-Leech

Cow-Leeching

Cow-Lick

Cow-Parsnep

Cow-Pen

Cow-Pox

Cow-Quakes

Cowslip

Cows-Lungwort

Cow-Weed

Cow-Wheat

Coward

Coward

Cowardice

Cowardlike

Cowardliness

Cowardly

Cowardly

Cowardous

Cowardship

Cower

Cower

Cowish

Cowl

Cowl-Staff

Cowled

Cowlike

Co-Worker

Cowry

Coxcomb

Coxcombly

Coxcomical

Coy

Coy

Coy

Coyish

Coyly

Coyness

Coystrel

Coz

Cozen

Cozenage

Cozened

Cozener

Cozening

Crab

Crab

Crab-Apple

Crab-Grass

Crab-Tree

Crab-Yaws

Crabbed

Crabbedly

Crabbedness

Crabby

Craber

Crack

Crack

Crack

Crack-Brained

Cracked

Cracker

Crack-Hemp

Cracking

Crackle

Crackling

Crackling

Cracknel

Cradle

Cradle

Cradle

Cradle-Clothes

Cradled

Cradling

Craft

Craft

Craftily

Craftiness

Craftsman

Craftsmaster

Crafty

Crag

Crag

Cragged

Craggedness

Cragginess

Craggy

Crake

Crake

Crake-Berry

Cram

Cram

Crambo

Crammed

Cramming

Cramp

Cramp

Cramp

Cramped

Cramp-Fish

Cramping

Cramp-Iron

Cranage

Cranberry

Crane

Cranes-Bill

Crane-Fly

Craniognomy

Craniological

Craniologist

Craniology

Craniometer

Craniometrical

Craniometry

Cranioscopy

Cranium

Crank

Crank

Crank

Crankle

Crankle

Crankness

Crannied

Cranny

Crants

Crape

Crape

Craple

Crapnel

Crapulence

Crapulous

Crash

Crash

Crash

Crashing

Crasis

Crass

Crassament

Crassitude

Crassness

Cratch

Cratch

Cratches

Crate

Crater

Craunch

Craunching

Cravat

Crave

Craved

Craven

Craven

Craver

Craving

Craving

Craw

Craw-Fish

Crawl

Crawl

Crawler

Crawling

Cray

Cray-Fish

Crayon

Crayon

Crayon-Painting

Craze

Crazed

Crazedness

Craze-Mill

Crazily

Craziness

Crazy

Creaght

Creaght

Creak

Creaking

Creaking

Cream

Cream

Cream

Cream-Bowl

Cream-Faced

Cream-Pot

Creamy

Creance

Crease

Crease

Creat

Create

Created

Creating

Creation

Creative

Creator

Creatress

Creature

Creaturely

Creatureship

Credence

Credenda

Credent

Credentials

Credibility

Credible

Credibleness

Credibly

Credit

Credit

Creditable

Creditableness

Creditably

Credited

Crediting

Creditor

Creditrix

Credulity

Credulous

Credulousness

Creed

Creek

Creek

Creeky

Creep

Creeper

Creephole

Creeping

Creepingly

Creeple

Creese

Cremation

Cremor

Crenate

Crenature

Crenkle

Crenulate

Creole

Crepance

Crepitate

Crepitating

Crepitation

Crept

Crepuscle

Crepuscular

Crepusculine

Crescent

Crescent

Crescent

Ccrescent-Shaped

Crescive

Cress

Cresset

Crest

Crest

Crested

Crest-Fallen

Crestless

Cretaceous

Cretic

Cretin

Crevice

Crevice

Crevis

Crew

Crew

Crewel

Crewet

Crib

Crib

Cribbage

Cribbed

Cribble

Cribble

Cribration

Cribriform

Crichtonite

Crick

Cricket

Cricket

Cricketer

Cricket-Match

Cried

Crier

Crime

Crimeful

Crimeless

Criminal

Criminal

Criminality

Criminally

Criminate

Criminated

Criminating

Crimination

Criminatory

Criminous

Criminously

Criminousness

Crimosin

Crimp

Crimp

Crimp

Crimp

Crimple

Crimpled

Crimpling

Crimson

Crimson

Crimson

Crimson

Crimsoned

Crimsoning

Crincum

Cringe

Cringe

Cringe

Cringer

Cringing

Cringle

Crinigerous

Crinite

Crinkle

Crinkle

Crinkle

Crinose

Crinosity

Cripple

Cripple

Cripple

Crippled

Crippleness

Crippling

Crisis

Crisp

Crisp

Crispation

Crispature

Crisped

Crisping

Crisping-Pin

Crispness

Crispy

Cristate

Criterion

Crithomancy

Critic

Critic

Critic

Critical

Critically

Criticalness

Criticise

Criticise

Criticised

Criticising

Criticism

Critique

Crizzel

Croak

Croak

Croaker

Croaking

Croaking

Croats

Crocalite

Croceous

Croches

Crocitation

Crock

Crock

Crock

Crockery

Crocodile

Crocoile

Crocus

Croft

Croisade

Croises

Croker

Cromlech

Crone

Cronet

Cronical

Crony

Crook

Crook

Crook

Crook-Back

Crook-Backed

Crooked

Crookedly

Crookedness

Crooken

Crooking

Crook-Kneed

Crook-Shouldered

Croop

Crop

Crop

Crop

Crop-Ear

Crop-Eared

Cropful

Cropped

Cropper

Cropping

Cropping

Crop-Sick

Crop-Sickness

Crosier

Croslet

Cross

Cross

Cross

Cross

Cross

Cross-Armed

Cross-Barred

Cross-Bar-Shot

Cross-Bearer

Cross-Bill

Cross-Bill

Cross-Bite

Cross-Bite

Cross-Bow

Cross-Bower

Crosscut

Crosscut-Saw

Crossed

Cross-Examination

Cross-Examine

Cross-Examined

Cross-Flow

Cross-Grained

Crossing

Crossing

Cross-Jack

Cross-Legged

Crossly

Crossness

Cross-Piece

Cross-Purpose

Cross-Question

Cross-Row

Cross-Sea

Cross-Staff

Cross-Stone

Cross-Tining

Cross-Trees

Cross-Way

Cross-Wind

Cross-Wise

Cross-Wort

Crotch

Crotched

Crotchet

Crotcheted

Crouch

Crouch

Crouching

Croup

Croupade

Crout

Crow

Crow

Crow-Bar

Crow-Berry

Crows-Bill

Crows-Feet

Crow-Flower

Crow-Foot

Crows-Foot

Crowing

Crow-Keeper

Crow-Net

Crow-Silk

Crow-Toe

Crowd

Crowd

Crowd

Crowd

Crowded

Crowder

Crowding

Crown

Crown

Crowned

Crowner

Crownet

Crown-Glass

Crown-Imperial

Crowning

Crowning

Crown-Office

Crown-Post

Crown-Scab

Crown-Thistle

Crown-Wheel

Crown-Work

Croylstone

Crucial

Crucian

Cruciate

Cruciate

Cruciation

Crucible

Cruciferous

Crucifier

Crucifix

Crucifixion

Cruciform

Crucify

Crucifying

Crud

Crude

Crudely

Crudeness

Crudity

Crudle

Crudy

Cruel

Cruelly

Cruelness

Cruelty

Cruentate

Cruet

Cruise

Cruise

Cruise

Cruiser

Cruising

Crum

Crum

Crumble

Crumble

Crumbled

Crumbling

Crumenal

Crummy

Crump

Crumpet

Crumple

Crumple

Crumpled

Crumpling

Crumpling

Crunk

Cruor

Crup

Crup

Crupper

Crupper

Crural

Crusade

Crusade

Crusader

Cruse

Cruset

Crush

Crush

Crush

Crushed

Crushing

Crust

Crust

Crust

Crustaceology

Crustaceous

Crustaceousness

Crustalogical

Crustalogist

Crustalogy

Crustated

Crustation

Crusted

Crustily

Crustiness

Crusting

Crusty

Crutch

Crutch

Crux

Cruyshage

Cry

Cry

Cry

Cryal

Cryer

Cryer

Crying

Crying

Crying

Cryolite

Cryophorus

Crypt

Cryptic

Cryptically

Cryptogam

Cryptogamian

Cryptogamy

Cryptographer

Cryptographical

Cryptography

Cryptology

Crystal

Crystal

Crystal-Form

Crystaline

Crystalizable

Crystalization

Crystalize

Crystalize

Crystalized

Crystalizing

Crystallite

Crystalographer

Crystalographic

Crystalographically

Crystalography

Cub

Cub

Cub

Cub

Cubation

Cubatory

Cubature

Cube

Cube-Ore

Cubeb

Cubic

Cubicalness

Cubicular

Cubiculary

Cubiform

Cubit

Cubital

Cubited

Cubo-Dodecahedral

Cuboid

Cuboidal

Cubo-Octahedral

Cuckingstool

Cuckold

Cuckold

Cuckolddom

Cuckoldly

Cuckold-Maker

Cuckoo

Cuckoo-Flower

Cuckoo-Pint

Cuckoo-Spit

Cucquean

Cucullate

Cucumber

Cucurbit

Cucurbitaceous

Cud

Cudden

Cuddle

Cuddy

Cudgel

Cudgel

Cudgeller

Cudgel-Proof

Cudle

Cudweed

Cue

Cuerpo

Cuff

Cuff

Cuff

Cuff

Cuinage

Cuirass

Cuirassier

Cuish

Culdee

Culerage

Culiciform

Culinary

Cull

Culled

Culler

Cullibility

Culling

Cullion

Cullionly

Cullis

Cully

Cully

Cullyism

Culm

Culmiferous

Culminate

Culmination

Culpability

Culpable

Culpableness

Culpably

Culprit

Culter

Cultivable

Cultivate

Cultivated

Cultivating

Cultivation

Cultivator

Cultrated

Culture

Culture

Culver

Culver-House

Culverin

Culverkey

Culvert

Culvertail

Culvertailed

Cumbent

Cumber

Cumber

Cumbersome

Cumbersomely

Cumbersomeness

Cumbrance

Cumbrous

Cumbrously

Cumfrey

Cumin

Cumulate

Cumulation

Cumulative

Cun

Cunctation

Cunctator

Cund

Cuneal

Cuneate

Cuneiform

Cunner

Cunning

Cunning

Cunningly

Cunningman

Cunningness

Cup

Cup

Cupbearer

Cupboard

Cupboard

Cupgall

Cup-Rose

Cupel

Cupellation

Cupidity

Cupola

Cupolaid

Cupper

Cupping

Cupping-Glass

Cupreous

Cupriferous

Cur

Curable

Curableness

Curacy

Curate

Curative

Curator

Curb

Curb

Curbed

Curbing

Curbing

Curb-Stone

Curd

Curd

Curdle

Curdle

Curdled

Curdling

Curdy

Cure

Cure

Cured

Cureless

Curer

Curfew

Curiality

Curing

Curing-House

Curiologic

Curiosity

Curioso

Curious

Curiously

Curiousness

Curl

Curl

Curl

Curled

Curlew

Curliness

Curling

Curling-Irons

Curly

Curmudgeon

Curmudgeonly

Currant

Currency

Current

Current

Currently

Currentness

Curricle

Curried

Currier

Currish

Currishly

Currishness

Curry

Curry-Comb

Currying

Curse

Curse

Curse

Cursed

Cursedly

Cursedness

Curser

Curship

Cursing

Cursing

Cursitor

Cursive

Cursorary

Cursorily

Cursoriness

Cursory

Curst

Curst

Curstness

Curt

Curtail

Curtail-Dog

Curtailed

Curtailing

Curtailing

Curtain

Curtain

Curtain-Lecture

Curtal

Curtal

Curtate

Curtation

Curtilage

Curtly

Curule

Curvated

Curvature

Curve

Curve

Curve

Curved

Curvet

Curvet

Curvilinear

Curvilinearity

Curving

Curvity

Cushat

Cushion

Cushion

Cushioned

Cushionet

Cuskin

Cusp

Cuspated

Cuspidal

Cuspidate

Custard

Custard-Apple

Custodial

Custody

Custom

Custom

Custom

Custom-House

Customable

Customableness

Customably

Customarily

Customariness

Customary

Customary

Customed

Customer

Custos

Custrel

Cut

Cut

Cut

Cut

Cutaneous

Cuth

Cuticle

Cuticular

Cutlas

Cutler

Cutlery

Cutlet

Cutpurse

Cutter

Cut-Throat

Cut-Throat

Cutting

Cutting

Cuttle

Cut-Water

Cut-Work

Cyanite

Cyanogen

Cyathiform

Cyclades

Cycle

Cyclograph

Cycloid

Cycloidal

Cyclolite

Cyclometry

Cyclopean

Cyclopedia

Cyclopic

Cyclops

Cyder

Cygnet

Cylinder

Cylindraceous

Cylindric

Cylindriform

Cylindroid

Cymar

Cymatium

Cymbal

Cymbiform

Cyme

Cymling

Cymophane

Cymophanous

Cymose

Cynanche

Cynanthropy

Cynarctomachy

Cynic

Cynic

Cynically

Cynicalness

Cynics

Cynosure

Cyon

Cypher

Cypress

Cyprin

Cyprus

Cyriologic

Cyst

Cystic

Cystocele

Cystotomy

Cytisus

Czar

Czarina

Czarish

D

D

D

Dab

Dab

Dabchick

Dabble

Dabble

Dabbler

Dabbling

Dabster

Dace

Dactyl

Dactylet

Dactylic

Dactylist

Dactylology

Dad

Daddle

Dade

Dado

Daedal

Daedalian

Daff

Daff

Daff

Daffodil

Dag

Dag

Dag

Dag

Dagger

Dagger

Daggers-Drawing

Daggle

Daggle

Daggled

Daggle-Tail

Daggling

Dag-Swain

Dag-Tailed

Daily

Daily

Daintily

Daintiness

Daintrel

Dainty

Dainty

Dairy

Dairyhouse

Dairymaid

Daisied

Daisy

Daker-Hen

Dakir

Dale

Dalliance

Dallier

Dally

Dally

Dallying

Dam

Dam

Dam

Damage

Damage

Damage

Damage-Feasant

Damageable

Damaged

Damaging

Damascene

Damask

Damask

Damask-Plum

Damask-Rose

Damasken

Damaskeened

Damaskeening

Damaskeening

Damaskin

Dame

Dames-Violet

Damianists

Damn

Damnable

Damnableness

Damnably

Damnation

Damnatory

Damned

Damnific

Damnified

Damnify

Damnifying

Damning

Damningness

Damp

Damp

Damp

Damped

Damper

Damping

Dampish

Dampishness

Dampness

Damps

Dampy

Damsel

Damson

Dan

Dance

Dance

Dance

Dancer

Dancing

Dancing-Master

Dancing-School

Dandelion

Dandiprat

Dandle

Dandled

Dandler

Dandling

Dandruff

Dandy

Dandyism

Dane

Danegelt

Danewort

Danger

Danger

Dangerless

Dangerous

Dangerously

Dangerousness

Dangle

Dangler

Dangling

Danish

Danish

Dank

Dank

Dankish

Dankishness

Daourite

Dap

Daphnate

Daphnin

Dapifer

Dapper

Dapperling

Dapple

Dapple

Dappled

Dappling

Dar

Dare

Dare

Dare

Dare

Dared

Dareful

Darer

Daric

Daring

Daringly

Daringness

Dark

Dark

Dark

Dark-Browed

Darken

Darken

Darkened

Darkening

Dark-House

Darkish

Darkling

Darkly

Darkness

Darksome

Dark-Working

Darling

Darling

Darn

Darn

Darnel

Darner

Darning

Darning

Darrain

Dart

Dart

Dart

Darted

Darter

Darting

Dash

Dash

Dash

Dashed

Dashing

Dastard

Dastard

Dastard

Dastardize

Dastardliness

Dastardly

Dastardness

Dastardy

Data

Datary

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date-Tree

Dated

Dateless

Dater

Dating

Dative

Datolite

Datum

Datura

Daub

Daub

Daubed

Dauber

Daubing

Daubing

Daubry

Dauby

Daughter

Daughterliness

Daughterly

Daunt

Daunted

Daunting

Dauntless

Dauntlessness

Dauphin

Dauphiness

Davina

Davit

Daw

Daw

Dawdle

Dawdler

Dawk

Dawk

Dawn

Dawn

Dawning

Dawning

Day

Daybed

Daybook

Daybreak

Daycoal

Daydream

Dayflower

Dayfly

Daylabor

Daylaborer

Daylight

Day-Lily

Dayly

Daysman

Dayspring

Daystar

Daytime

Daywearied

Daywork

Days-Work

Daze

Daze

Dazzle

Dazzle

Dazzled

Dazzlement

Dazzling

Dazzlingly

De

Deacon

Deaconess

Deaconry

Dead

Dead

Dead

Dead

Dead

Dead-Doing

Dead-Drunk

Deaden

Dead-Eye

Dead-Hearted

Dead-Heartedness

Dead-Lift

Dead-Light

Deadlihood

Deadliness

Deadly

Deadly

Deadly-Carrot

Deadly-Nightshade

Deadness

Deadnettle

Deadpledge

Dead-Reckoning

Deadstruck

Deadwater

Deadwood

Deadworks

Deaf

Deaf

Deafen

Deafly

Deafness

Deal

Deal

Deal

Dealbate

Dealbation

Dealer

Dealing

Dealing

Deambulate

Deambulation

Deambulatory

Deambulatory

Dean

Deanery

Deanship

Dear

Dear

Dear

Dear

Dearbought

Dearling

Dearloved

Dearly

Dearn

Dearness

Dearnly

Dearth

Dearticulate

Death

Death-Bed

Death-Boding

Death-Darting

Deaths-Door

Deathful

Deathfulness

Deathless

Deathlike

Deaths-Man

Death-Shadowed

Death-Token

Deathward

Death-Watch

Deaurate

Deaurate

Debacle

Debar

Debark

Debark

Debarkation

Debarked

Debarking

Debarred

Debarring

Debase

Debased

Debasement

Debaser

Debasing

Debatable

Debate

Debate

Debate

Debated

Debateful

Debatefully

Debatement

Debater

Debating

Debauch

Debauch

Debauched

Debauchedly

Debauchedness

Debauchee

Debaucher

Debauchery

Debauchment

Debellate

Debellation

Debenture

Debentured

Debile

Debilitate

Debilitated

Debilitating

Debilitation

Debility

Debit

Debit

Debited

Debiting

Debitor

Deboise

Debonnair

Debouch

Debris

Debt

Debted

Debtee

Debtless

Debtor

Decachord

Decadal

Decade

Decadence

Decagon

Decagram

Decagyn

Decagynian

Decahedral

Decahedron

Decaliter

Decalogist

Decalogue

Decameter

Decamp

Decampment

Decanal

Decander

Decandrian

Decangular

Decant

Decantation

Decanted

Decanter

Decanting

Decapitate

Decapitation

Decaphyllous

Decarbonize

Decarbonized

Decarbonizing

Decastich

Decastyle

Decay

Decay

Decay

Decayed

Decayedness

Decayer

Decaying

Decaying

Decease

Decease

Deceased

Deceasing

Decedent

Deceit

Deceitful

Deceitfully

Deceitfulness

Deceitless

Deceivable

Deceivableness

Deceive

Deceived

Deceiver

Deceiving

December

Decemdentate

Decemfid

Decemlocular

Decempedal

Decemvir

Decemviral

Decemvirate

Decency

Decennary

Decennial

Decennoval

Decent

Decently

Decentness

Deceptibility

Deceptible

Deception

Deceptious

Deceptive

Deceptory

Decerpt

Decerption

Decertation

Decession

Decharm

Decharmed

Decharming

Dechristianize

Decidable

Decide

Decide

Decided

Decided

Decidedly

Decidence

Decider

Deciding

Deciduous

Deciduousness

Decigram

Decil

Deciliter

Decimal

Decimal

Decimally

Decimate

Decimation

Decimator

Decimeter

Decimo-Sexto

Decipher

Deciphered

Decipherer

Deciphering

Decision

Decisive

Decisively

Decisiveness

Decisory

Deck

Deck

Decked

Decker

Decking

Decking

Declaim

Declaim

Declaimant

Declaiming

Declaiming

Declamation

Declamator

Declamatory

Declarable

Declaration

Declarative

Declaratorily

Declaratory

Declare

Declare

Declared

Declaredly

Declarer

Declaring

Declaring

Declension

Declinable

Declinate

Declination

Declinator

Decline

Decline

Decline

Declined

Declining

Declivity

Declivous

Decoct

Decoctible

Decoction

Decoctive

Decocture

Decollate

Decollated

Decollation

Decoloration

Decomplex

Decomposable

Decompose

Decomposed

Decomposing

Decomposite

Decomposition

Decompound

Decompound

Decompoundable

Decompounded

Decompounding

Decorate

Decorated

Decorating

Decoration

Decorator

Decorous

Decorously

Decorticate

Decorticated

Decorticating

Decortication

Decorum

Decoy

Decoy

Decoy-Duck

Decoyed

Decoying

Decoy-Man

Decrease

Decrease

Decrease

Decreased

Decreasing

Decree

Decree

Decreed

Decreeing

Decrement

Decrepit

Decrepitate

Decrepitate

Decrepitated

Decrepitating

Decrepitation

Decrepitness

Decrescent

Decretal

Decretal

Decretion

Decretist

Decretorily

Decretory

Decrew

Decrial

Decried

Decrier

Decrown

Decry

Decubation

Decumbence

Decumbent

Decumbiture

Decuple

Decuple

Decurion

Decurrent

Decursion

Decursive

Decurt

Decurtation

Decury

Decussate

Decussate

Decussating

Decussation

Dedalian

Dedalous

Dedecorate

Dedecoration

Dedentition

Dedicate

Dedicate

Dedicated

Dedicating

Dedication

Dedicator

Dedicatory

Dedition

Dedolent

Deduce

Deduced

Deducement

Deducible

Deducing

Deducive

Deduct

Deducted

Deducting

Deduction

Deductive

Deductively

Deed

Deed

Deed-Achieving

Deedless

Deed-Poll

Deem

Deem

Deemed

Deeming

Deemster

Deep

Deep

Deep-Drawing

Deepen

Deepen

Deepened

Deepening

Deeply

Deep-Mouthed

Deep-Musing

Deepness

Deep-Read

Deep-Revolving

Deep-Throated

Deep-Toned

Deep-Vaulted

Deep-Waisted

Deer

Deer-Stealer

Deer-Stealing

Deess

Deface

Defaced

Defacement

Defacer

Defacing

Defailance

Defalcate

Defalcation

Defalk

Defamation

Defamatory

Defame

Defamed

Defamer

Defaming

Defaming

Defatigable

Defatigate

Defatigation

Default

Default

Default

Default

Defaulted

Defaulter

Defaulting

Defeasance

Defeasible

Defeasibleness

Defeat

Defeat

Defeated

Defeating

Defeature

Defecate

Defecated

Defecating

Defecation

Defect

Defect

Defectibility

Defectible

Defection

Defective

Defectively

Defectiveness

Defectuosity

Defectuous

Defedation

Defend

Defend

Defendable

Defendant

Defendant

Defended

Defender

Defending

Defensative

Defense

Defense

Defensed

Defenseless

Defenselessness

Defensible

Defensive

Defensive

Defensively

Defer

Defer

Deference

Deferent

Deferent

Deferential

Deferment

Deferrer

Deferring

Defiance

Defiatory

Deficiency

Deficient

Deficit

Defier

Defiguration

Defigure

Defile

Defile

Defile

Defiled

Defilement

Defiler

Defiling

Definable

Define

Define

Defined

Definer

Defining

Definite

Definite

Definiteness

Definition

Definitive

Definitive

Definitively

Definitiveness

Defix

Deflagrability

Deflagrable

Deflagrate

Deflagration

Deflagrator

Deflect

Deflect

Deflected

Deflecting

Deflection

Deflexure

Deflorate

Defloration

Deflour

Defloured

Deflourer

Deflouring

Deflow

Defluous

Deflux

Defluxion

Defly

Defoliation

Deforce

Deforced

Deforcement

Deforciant

Deforcing

Deform

Deform

Deformation

Deformed

Deformedly

Deformedness

Deformer

Deforming

Deformity

Deforser

Defraud

Defrauded

Defrauder

Defrauding

Defraudment

Defray

Defrayed

Defrayer

Defraying

Defrayment

Deft

Deftly

Deftness

Defunct

Defunct

Defunction

Defy

Defy

Defyer

Degarnish

Degarnished

Degarnishing

Degarnishment

Degender

Degeneracy

Degenerate

Degenerate

Degenerately

Degenerateness

Degeneration

Degenerous

Degenerously

Deglutinate

Degluttion

Degradation

Degrade

Degraded

Degradement

Degrading

Degradingly

Degree

Degustation

Dehiscence

Dehiscent

Dehort

Dehortation

Dehortatory

Dehorter

Dehorting

Deicide

Deific

Deification

Deified

Deifier

Deiform

Deify

Deifying

Deign

Deign

Deigning

Deintegrate

Deiparous

Deipnosophist

Deism

Deist

Deistic

Deity

Deject

Deject

Dejected

Dejectedly

Dejectedness

Dejecting

Dejection

Dejectly

Dejectory

Dejecture

Delacrymation

Delactation

Delapsation

Delapse

Delapsion

Delapsed

Delate

Delation

Delator

Delay

Delay

Delay

Delayed

Delayer

Delaying

Delayment

Dele

Deleble

Delectable

Delectableness

Delectably

Delectation

Delegacy

Delegate

Delegate

Delegate

Delegated

Delegating

Delegation

Delete

Deleterious

Deletery

Deletion

Deletory

Delf

Delibate

Delibation

Deliberate

Deliberate

Deliberate

Deliberately

Deliberateness

Deliberation

Deliberative

Deliberative

Deliberatively

Delicacy

Delicate

Delicate

Delicately

Delicateness

Delicious

Deliciously

Deliciousness

Deligation

Delight

Delight

Delight

Delighted

Delighter

Delightful

Delightfully

Delightfulness

Delightless

Delightsome

Delightsomely

Delightsomeness

Delineament

Delineate

Delineated

Delineating

Delineation

Delineature

Deliniment

Delinquency

Delinquent

Delinquent

Deliquate

Deliquation

Deliquesce

Deliquescence

Deliquescent

Deliquiate

Deliquiation

Deliquium

Delirament

Delirious

Deliriousness

Delirium

Delitescence

Deliver

Deliver

Deliverable

Deliverance

Delivered

Deliverer

Delivering

Delivery

Dell

Delph

Delphia

Delphian

Delphine

Delphinite

Deltoid

Deludable

Delude

Deluded

Deluder

Deluding

Deluding

Deluge

Deluge

Deluged

Deluging

Delusion

Delusive

Delusiveness

Delusory

Delve

Delve

Delver

Delving

Demagogue

Demain

Demand

Demand

Demandable

Demandant

Demanded

Demander

Demanding

Demandress

Demarch

Demarkation

Demean

Demean

Demean

Demeanor

Demeanure

Demency

Dementate

Dementate

Dementation

Demephitization

Demephitize

Demephitized

Demephitizing

Demerit

Demerit

Demersed

Demersion

Demesne

Demi

Demi-Brigade

Demi-Cadence

Demi-Cannon

Demi-Cross

Demi-Culverin

Demi-Devil

Demi-Distance

Demi-Ditone

Demi-God

Demi-Gorge

Demi-Groat

Demi-Lance

Demi-Lune

Demi-Man

Demi-Natured

Demi-Premises

Demi-Quaver

Demirep

Demi-Semi-Quaver

Demi-Tone

Demi-Vill

Demi-Volt

Demi-Wolf

Demigrate

Demisable

Demise

Demise

Demission

Demissive

Demissly

Demit

Demiurge

Demiurgic

Democracy

Democrat

Democratic

Democratically

Demolish

Demolished

Demolisher

Demolishing

Demolishment

Demolition

Demon

Demoness

Demoniac

Demoniac

Demoniacs

Demonocracy

Demonolatry

Demonology

Demonomist

Demonomy

Demonship

Demonstrable

Demonstrableness

Demonstrably

Demonstrate

Demonstrated

Demonstrating

Demonstration

Demonstrative

Demonstratively

Demonstrator

Demonstratory

Demoralization

Demoralize

Demoralized

Demoralizing

Demulce

Demulcent

Demulcent

Demur

Demur

Demur

Demure

Demure

Demurely

Demureness

Demurrage

Demurrer

Demurring

Demy

Den

Den

Denarcotize

Denary

Denary

Denationalize

Denay

Denay

Dendrachate

Dendrite

Dendritic

Dendroid

Dendroit

Dendrolite

Dendrology

Dendrometer

Denegate

Denegation

Deniable

Denial

Denier

Denier

Denigrate

Denigration

Denitration

Denization

Denizen

Denizen

Denominable

Denominate

Denominated

Denominating

Denomination

Denominative

Denominator

Denotable

Denotation

Denotative

Denote

Denoted

Denotement

Denoting

Denouement

Denounce

Denounced

Denouncement

Denouncer

Denouncing

Dense

Denseness

Density

Dent

Dent

Dental

Dental

Dentalite

Dentate

Dentato-Sinuate

Dented

Dentelli

Denticle

Denticulate

Denticulation

Dentiform

Dentifrice

Dentil

Dentist

Dentition

Dentize

Dentoid

Denudate

Denudation

Denuded

Denuding

Denunciate

Denunciation

Denunciator

Deny

Deobstruct

Deobstructed

Deobstructing

Deobstruent

Deobstruent

Deodand

Deonerate

Deoppilate

Deoppilation

Deoppilative

Deordination

Deosculate

Deosculation

Deoxydate

Deoxydated

Deoxydating

Deoxydation

Deoxydization

Deoxydize

Deoxydized

Deoxydizing

Deoxygenate

Deoxygenated

Deoxygenating

Deoxygenation

Depaint

Depainted

Depainter

Depainting

Depart

Depart

Depart

Departer

Departing

Departing

Department

Departmental

Departure

Depascent

Depasture

Depasture

Depasturing

Depauperate

Depauperated

Depauperating

Depectible

Depeinct

Depend

Dependable

Dependence

Dependent

Dependent

Depender

Depending

Deperdit

Deperdition

Dephlegmate

Dephlegmation

Dephlegmedness

Dephlogisticate

Dephlogisticated

Depict

Depicted

Depicting

Depicture

Depilate

Depilation

Depilatory

Depilatory

Depilous

Deplantation

Depletion

Deplorable

Deplorableness

Deplorably

Deploration

Deplore

Deplored

Deploredly

Deplorer

Deploring

Deploy

Deploy

Deploying

Deplumation

Deplume

Deplumed

Depluming

Depolarize

Depone

Deponent

Deponent

Depopulate

Depopulate

Depopulated

Depopulating

Depopulation

Depopulator

Deport

Deport

Deportation

Deported

Deporting

Deportment

Deposable

Deposal

Depose

Depose

Deposed

Deposer

Deposing

Deposing

Deposit

Deposit

Depositary

Depositing

Deposition

Depository

Depositum

Depot

Depravation

Deprave

Depraved

Depravedly

Depravedness

Depravement

Depraver

Depraving

Depraving

Depravity

Deprecate

Deprecated

Deprecating

Deprecation

Deprecator

Deprecatory

Depreciate

Depreciate

Depreciated

Depreciating

Depreciation

Depredate

Depredate

Depredated

Depredating

Depredation

Depredator

Depredatory

Deprehend

Deprehended

Deprehending

Deprehensible

Deprehensibleness

Deprehension

Depress

Depressed

Depressing

Depression

Depressive

Depressor

Deprivable

Deprivation

Deprive

Deprived

Deprivement

Depriver

Depriving

Depth

Depulsion

Depulsory

Depurate

Depurated

Depurating

Depuration

Depuratory

Depure

Deputation

Depute

Deputed

Deputing

Deputize

Deputy

Deputy-Collector

Deputy-Marshal

Deputy-Post-Master

Deputy-Sheriff

Der

Deracinate

Deracinated

Deracinating

Deraign

Deraignment

Derange

Deranged

Derangement

Deranging

Deray

Dere

Derelict

Derelict

Dereliction

Deride

Derided

Derider

Deriding

Deridingly

Derision

Derisive

Derisively

Derisory

Derivable

Derivate

Derivation

Derivative

Derivative

Derivatively

Derive

Derive

Derived

Deriver

Deriving

Dermal

Dermoid

Dern

Dernful

Dernier

Dernly

Derogate

Derogate

Derogated

Derogately

Derogating

Derogation

Derogative

Derogatorily

Derogatoriness

Derogatory

Derring

Dervis

Descant

Descant

Descanting

Descanting

Descend

Descend

Descendant

Descendent

Descendibility

Descendible

Descension

Descensional

Descensive

Descent

Describable

Describe

Described

Describer

Describing

Descried

Descrier

Description

Descriptive

Descry

Descry

Descrying

Desecrate

Desecrated

Desecrating

Desecration

Desert

Desert

Desert

Desert

Desert

Deserted

Deserter

Desertful

Deserting

Desertion

Desertless

Desertlessly

Desertrice

Deserve

Deserve

Deserved

Deservedly

Deserver

Deserving

Deserving

Deservingly

Deshabille

Desiccant

Desiccant

Desiccate

Desiccate

Desiccated

Desiccating

Desiccation

Desiccative

Desiderate

Desideratum

Design

Design

Designable

Designate

Designate

Designated

Designating

Designation

Designative

Designator

Designed

Designedly

Designer

Designfulness

Designing

Designing

Designless

Designlessly

Designment

Desinence

Desinent

Desipient

Desirable

Desirableness

Desire

Desire

Desired

Desireless

Desirer

Desiring

Desirous

Desirously

Desirousness

Desist

Desistance

Desisting

Desitive

Desk

Desk

Desmine

Desolate

Desolate

Desolated

Desolately

Desolater

Desolating

Desolation

Desolatory

Despair

Despair

Despairer

Despairful

Despairing

Despairingly

Despatch

Despection

Desperado

Desperate

Desperately

Desperateness

Desperation

Despicable

Despicableness

Despicably

Despiciency

Despisable

Despisal

Despise

Despised

Despisedness

Despiser

Despising

Despising

Despisingly

Despite

Despite

Despiteful

Despitefully

Despitefulness

Despiteous

Despiteously

Despoil

Despoiled

Despoiler

Despoiling

Despoliation

Despond

Despondency

Despondent

Desponder

Desponding

Despondingly

Desponsate

Desponsation

Despot

Despotic

Despotically

Despoticalness

Despotism

Despumate

Despumation

Desquamation

Dess

Desert

Destinate

Destinate

Destination

Destine

Destined

Destining

Destiny

Destitute

Destitute

Destitute

Destitution

Destroy

Destroyable

Destroyed

Destroyer

Destroying

Destroying

Destruct

Destructibility

Destructible

Destruction

Destructive

Destructively

Destructiveness

Destructor

Desudation

Desuetude

Desulphurate

Desulphurated

Desulphurating

Desulphuration

Desultorily

Desultoriness

Desultory

Desume

Detach

Detached

Detaching

Detachment

Detail

Detail

Detailed

Detailer

Detailing

Detain

Detainder

Detained

Detainer

Detaining

Detainment

Detect

Detected

Detecter

Detecting

Detection

Detenebrate

Detent

Detention

Deter

Deterge

Deterged

Detergent

Detergent

Deterging

Deteriorate

Deteriorate

Deteriorated

Deteriorating

Deterioration

Deteriority

Determent

Determinable

Determinate

Determinate

Determinately

Determinateness

Determination

Determinative

Determinator

Determine

Determine

Determined

Determining

Deterration

Deterred

Deterring

Detersion

Detersive

Detersive

Detest

Detestable

Detestableness

Detestably

Detestation

Detested

Detester

Detesting

Dethrone

Dethroned

Dethronement

Dethroner

Dethroning

Detinue

Detonate

Detonate

Detonated

Detonating

Detonation

Detonization

Detonize

Detonize

Detonized

Detonizing

Detorsion

Detort

Detorted

Detorting

Detour

Detract

Detraction

Detractious

Detractive

Detractor

Detractory

Detractress

Detrect

Detriment

Detrimental

Detrition

Detritus

Detrude

Detruded

Detruding

Detruncate

Detruncation

Detrusion

Deturpate

Deuce

Deuce

Deuterogamist

Deuterogamy

Deuteronomy

Deutoxyd

Devaporation

Devast

Devastate

Devastated

Devastating

Devastation

Develop

Developed

Developing

Development

Devest

Devest

Devested

Devesting

Devex

Devexity

Deviate

Deviation

Device

Deviceful

Devicefully

Devil

Deviling

Devilish

Devilishly

Devilishness

Devilism

Devilize

Devilkin

Devilship

Devious

Devirginate

Devisable

Devise

Devise

Devise

Devise

Devised

Devisee

Deviser

Devising

Devisor

Devitable

Devocation

Devoid

Devoir

Devolution

Devolve

Devolve

Devolved

Devolving

Devotary

Devote

Devote

Devote

Devoted

Devotedness

Devotee

Devotement

Devoter

Devoting

Devotion

Devotional

Devotionalist

Devoto

Devotor

Devour

Devoured

Devourer

Devouring

Devouringly

Devout

Devout

Devoutless

Devoutlessness

Devoutly

Devoutness

Devow

Dew

Dew

Dewbent

Dew-Berry

Dew-Bespangled

Dew-Besprent

Dew-Besprinkled

Dew-Drop

Dew-Dropping

Dewed

Dew-Impearled

Dewing

Dew-Lap

Dew-Lapt

Dew-Worm

Dewy

Dexter

Dexterity

Dextral

Dextrality

Dextrorsal

Dextrous

Dextrously

Dextrousness

Dey

Di

Dia

Diabase

Diabaterial

Diabetes

Diabetic

Diabolic

Diabolically

Diabolicalness

Diabolism

Diacaustic

Diachylon

Diaconal

Diacoustic

Diacoustics

Diacritical

Diadelph

Diadelphian

Diadem

Diademed

Diadrom

Diagnostic

Diagnostic

Diagonal

Diagonal

Diagonally

Diagram

Diagraphic

Dial

Dial-Plate

Dialect

Dialectical

Dictically

Dialectician

Dialectics

Dialing

Dialist

Diallage

Dialogism

Dialogist

Dialogistic

Dialogistically

Dialogize

Dialogue

Dialogue

Dialogue-Writer

Dialysis

Diamantine

Diameter

Diametral

Diametrally

Diametrical

Diametrically

Diamond

Diamond

Diamonded

Diamond-Mine

Diander

Diandrian

Diapasm

Diapason

Diapente

Diaper

Diaper

Diaper

Diaphaned

Diaphaneity

Diaphanic

Diaphanous

Diaphoresis

Diaphoretic

Diaphoretic

Diaphragm

Diaporesis

Diaresis

Diarian

Diarist

Diarrhea

Diarrhetic

Diary

Diaschism

Diaspore

Diastaltic

Diastem

Diastole

Diastyle

Diatessaron

Diatonic

Diatribe

Diazeutic

Dibble

Dibble

Dibble

Dibstone

Dicacity

Dicast

Dice

Dice

Dice-Box

Dice-Maker

Dicer

Dichotomize

Dichotomous

Dichotomous-Corymbed

Dichotomy

Dichroit

Dicing-House

Dicker

Dicoccous

Dicotyledon

Dicotyledonous

Dictate

Dictate

Dictated

Dictating

Dictation

Dictator

Dictatorial

Dictatorship

Dictatory

Dictature

Diction

Dictionary

Did

Didactic

Didactically

Didapper

Didascalic

Didder

Diddle

Didecahedral

Didodeccahedral

Didrachma

Diduction

Didynam

Didynamian

Die

Die

Die

Diecian

Dier

Diesis

Diet

Diet

Diet

Diet

Dietary

Diet-Drink

Dieted

Dieter

Dietetic

Dietine

Dieting

Diffarreation

Differ

Differ

Difference

Difference

Different

Differential

Differently

Differing

Difficile

Difficileness

Difficult

Difficulty

Diffide

Diffidence

Diffident

Diffidently

Diffluence

Diffluent

Difform

Difformity

Diffranchise

Diffuse

Diffuse

Diffused

Diffusedly

Diffusedness

Diffusely

Diffusibility

Diffusible

Diffusibleness

Diffusion

Diffusive

Diffusively

Diffusiveness

Dig

Dig

Digamma

Digamy

Digastric

Digerent

Digest

Digest

Digest

Digested

Digester

Digestible

Digesting

Digestion

Digestive

Digestive

Digesture

Digged

Digger

Dight

Digit

Digital

Digitate

Digladiate

Digladiation

Dignification

Dignified

Dignify

Dignitary

Dignity

Dignotion

Digonous

Digraph

Digress

Digressing

Digression

Digressional

Degressive

Digressively

Digyn

Digynian

Dihedral

Dihedral

Dihexahedral

Dijudicate

Dijudication

Dike

Dike

Dike

Dilacerate

Dilacerated

Dilacerating

Dilaceration

Dilaniate

Dilaniation

Dilapidate

Dilapidate

Dilapidated

Dilapidating

Dilapidation

Dilapidator

Dilatability

Dilatable

Dilatation

Dilate

Dilate

Dilate

Dilated

Dilater

Dilating

Dilator

Dilatorily

Dilatoriness

Dilatory

Dilection

Dilemma

Dilettante

Diligence

Diligent

Diligently

Dill

Dilucid

Dilucidate

Diluent

Diluent

Dilute

Dilute

Diluted

Diluter

Diluting

Dilution

Diluvial

Diluviate

Diluvium

Dim

Dim

Dimble

Dime

Dimension

Dimensionless

Dimensity

Dimensive

Dimeter

Dimeter

Dimidiate

Dimidiated

Dimidiation

Diminish

Diminish

Diminished

Diminishing

Diminishingly

Diminuent

Diminute

Diminution

Diminutive

Diminutive

Diminutively

Diminutiveness

Dimish

Dimissory

Dimit

Dimity

Dimly

Dimming

Dimming

Dimness

Dimple

Dimple

Dimpled

Dimply

Dim-Sighted

Din

Din

Dine

Dine

Dinetical

Ding

Ding

Ding-Dong

Dinginess

Dingle

Dingle-Dangle

Dingy

Dining

Dining-Room

Dinner

Dinner-Time

Dint

Dint

Dinted

Dinting

Dinumeration

Diocesan

Diocesan

Diocese

Dioctahedral

Diodon

Diomede

Diopside

Dioptase

Dioptric

Dioptrics

Diorism

Dioristic

Dioristically

Dip

Dip

Dip

Dip-Chick

Dipetalous

Diphthong

Diphthongal

Diphyllous

Diploe

Diploma

Diplomacy

Diplomated

Diplomatic

Diplomatic

Diplomatics

Dipper

Dipping

Dipping

Dipping-Needle

Diprismatic

Dipsas

Dipter

Dipteral

Diptote

Diptych

Dipyre

Dire

Direct

Direct

Direct

Directed

Directer

Directing

Direction

Directive

Directly

Directness

Director

Directorial

Directory

Directory

Directress

Directrix

Direful

Direfully

Diremption

Direness

Direption

Dirge

Dirigent

Dirk

Dirk

Dirk

Dirt

Dirt

Dirtily

Dirtiness

Dirty

Dirty

Diruption

Dis

Disability

Disable

Disabled

Disablement

Disabling

Disabuse

Disabused

Disabusing

Disaccommodate

Disaccommodation

Disaccord

Disaccustom

Disaccustomed

Disacknowledge

Disacknowledged

Disacknowledging

Disacquaint

Disacquaintance

Disadorn

Disadvance

Disadvantage

Disadvantage

Disadvantageable

Disadvantageous

Disadvantageously

Disadvantageousness

Disadventure

Disadventurous

Disaffect

Disaffected

Disaffecctedly

Disaffectedness

Disaffecting

Disaffection

Disaffectionate

Disaffirm

Disaffirmance

Disaffirmed

Disaffirming

Disafforest

Disafforested

Disafforesting

Disaggregate

Disaggregated

Disaggregating

Disaggregation

Disagree

Disagreeable

Disagreeableness

Disagreeably

Disagreeing

Disagreement

Disalliege

Disallow

Disallowable

Disallowance

Disallowed

Disallowing

Disally

Disanchor

Disangelical

Disanimate

Disanimated

Disanimating

Disanimation

Disannul

Disannulled

Disannulling

Disannulment

Disanoint

Disapparel

Disappear

Disappearance

Disappearing

Disappearing

Disappoint

Disappointed

Disappointing

Disappointment

Disappreciate

Disapprobation

Disapprobatory

Disappropriate

Disappropriate

Disappr?Val

Disappr?Ve

Disappr?Ved

Disappr?Ving

Disard

Disarm

Disarmed

Disarming

Disarrange

Disarrangement

Disarray

Disarray

Disarrayed

Disarraying

Disassiduity

Disassociate

Disaster

Disaster

Disastered

Disastrous

Disastrously

Disastrousness

Disauthorize

Disavouch

Disavow

Disavowal

Disavowed

Disavowing

Disavowment

Disband

Disband

Disbanded

Disbanding

Disbark

Disbelief

Disbelieve

Disbelieved

Disbeliever

Disbelieving

Disbench

Disblame

Disbodied

Disbowel

Disbranch

Disbud

Disburden

Disburden

Disburdened

Disburdening

Disburse

Disbursed

Disbursement

Disburser

Disbursing

Disc

Discalceate

Discalceated

Discalceation

Discandy

Discard

Discarded

Discarding

Discarnate

Discase

Disceptator

Discern

Discern

Discerned

Discerner

Discernible

Discernibleness

Discernibly

Discerning

Discerning

Discerningly

Discernment

Discerp

Discerpibility

Discerpible

Discerption

Discession

Discharge

Discharge

Discharge

Discharged

Discharger

Discharging

Dischurch

Discide

Discinct

Discind

Disciple

Disciple

Discipled

Disciple-Like

Discipleship

Disciplinable

Disciplinableness

Disciplinant

Disciplinarian

Disciplinarian

Disciplinary

Discipline

Discipline

Disciplined

Disciplining

Disclaim

Disclaim

Disclaimation

Disclaimed

Discclaimer

Disclaiming

Disclose

Disclose

Disclosed

Discloser

Disclosing

Disclosure

Disclusion

Discoast

Discoherent

Discoid

Discoid

Discolor

Discoloration

Discolored

Discoloring

Discomfit

Discomfit

Discomfited

Discomfiting

Discomfiture

Discomfort

Discomfort

Discomfortable

Discomforted

Discomforting

Discommend

Discommendable

Discommendableness

Discommendation

Discommender

Discommending

Discommode

Discommoded

Discommoding

Discommodious

Discommodity

Discommon

Discomplexion

Discompose

Discomposed

Discomposing

Discomposition

Discomposure

Disconcert

Disconcerted

Disconcerting

Disconcertion

Disconformity

Discongruity

Disconnect

Disconnected

Disconnecting

Disconnection

Disconsent

Disconsolate

Disconsolately

Disconsolateness

Disconsolation

Discontent

Discontent

Discontent

Discontented

Discontentedly

Discontentedness

Discontenting

Discontentment

Discontinuance

Discontinuation

Discontinue

Discontinue

Discontinued

Discontinuer

Discontinuing

Discontinuity

Discontinuous

Disconvenience

Disconvenient

Discord

Discord

Discordance

Discordant

Discordantly

Discordful

Discounsel

Discount

Discount

Discount

Discountable

Discount-Day

Discounted

Discountenance

Discountenance

Discountenanced

Discountenancer

Discountenancing

Discounter

Discounting

Discounting

Discourage

Discouraged

Discouragement

Discourager

Discouraging

Discourse

Discourse

Discourse

Discourser

Discoursing

Discoursive

Discourteous

Discourteously

Discourtesy

Discourtship

Discous

Discover

Discoverable

Discovered

Discoverer

Discovering

Discoverture

Discovery

Discredit

Discredit

Discreditable

Discredited

Discrediting

Discreet

Discreetly

Discreetness

Discrepance

Discrepant

Discrete

Discrete

Discretion

Discretionary

Discretionarily

Discretive

Discretively

Discriminable

Discriminate

Discriminate

Discriminate

Discriminated

Discriminately

Discriminateness

Discriminating

Discrimination

Discriminative

Discriminatively

Discriminous

Discubitory

Disculpate

Disculpated

Disculpating

Discumbency

Discumber

Discure

Discurrent

Discursion

Discursist

Discursive

Discursively

Discursiveness

Discursory

Discus

Discuss

Discussed

Discusser

Discussing

Discussing

Discussion

Discussive

Discussive

Discutient

Discutient

Disdain

Disdain

Disdained

Disdainful

Disdainfully

Disdainfulness

Disdaining

Disdaining

Disdiaclastic

Disdiapason

Disease

Disease

Diseased

Diseasedness

Diseaseful

Diseasement

Disedged

Disembark

Disembark

Disembarked

Disembarking

Disembarkment

Disembarrass

Disembarrassed

Disembarrassing

Disembarrassment

Disembay

Disembitter

Disembodied

Disembody

Disembogue

Disembogue

Disemboguement

Disembosom

Disembowel

Disemboweled

Disemboweling

Disembrangle

Disembroil

Disembroiled

Disembroiling

Disenable

Disenabled

Disenabling

Disenchant

Disenchanted

Disenchanting

Disencumber

Disencumbered

Disencumbering

Disencumbrance

Disengage

Disengaged

Disengagedness

Disengagement

Disengaging

Disennoble

Disenroll

Disenslave

Disentangle

Disentangled

Disentangling

Disenter

Disenthrone

Disenthroned

Disenthroning

Disentitle

Disentrance

Disentranced

Disentrancing

Disespouse

Disespoused

Disespousing

Disesteem

Disesteem

Disesteemed

Disesteeming

Disestimation

Disexercise

Disfancy

Disfavor

Disfavor

Disfavored

Disfavorer

Disfavoring

Disfiguration

Disfigure

Disfigured

Disfigurement

Disfigurer

Disfiguring

Disforest

Disfranchise

Disfranchised

Disfranchisement

Disfranchising

Disfriar

Disfurnish

Disfurnished

Disfurnishing

Disgallant

Disgarnish

Disgarrison

Disgavel

Disgaveled

Disgaveling

Disglorify

Disgorge

Disgorged

Disgorgement

Disgorging

Disgospel

Disgrace

Disgrace

Disgraced

Disgraceful

Disgracefully

Disgracefulness

Disgracer

Disgracing

Disgracious

Disgregate

Disguise

Disguise

Disguised

Disguisement

Disguiser

Disguising

Disguising

Disgust

Disgust

Disgusted

Disgustful

Disgusting

Disgustingly

Dish

Dish

Dish-Cloth

Dish-Washer

Dish-Water

Dishabille

Dishabit

Disharmonious

Disharmony

Dishearten

Disheartened

Disheartening

Dished

Disheir

Disherison

Disherit

Disheritance

Disherited

Disheriting

Dishevel

Dishevel

Disheveled

Disheveling

Dishing

Dishonest

Dishonestly

Dishonesty

Dishonor

Dishonor

Dishonorable

Dishonorably

Dishonorary

Dishonored

Dishonorer

Dishonoring

Dishorn

Dishorned

Dishumor

Disimpark

Disimpr?Vement

Disincarcerate

Disinclination

Disincline

Disinclined

Disinclining

Disincorporate

Disincorporation

Disinfect

Disinfected

Disinfecting

Disinfection

Disingenuity

Disingenuous

Disingenuously

Disingenuousness

Disinherison

Disinherit

Disinherited

Disinheriting

Disintegrable

Disintegrate

Disintegrated

Disintegration

Disinter

Disinteressed

Disinterest

Disinterest

Disinterested

Disinterestedly

Disinterestedness

Disinteresting

Disinterment

Disinterred

Disinterring

Disinthrall

Disinthralled

Disinthralling

Disinthrallment

Disinure

Disinvite

Disinvolve

Disjoin

Disjoined

Disjoining

Disjoint

Disjoint

Disjoint

Disjointed

Disjointing

Disjointly

Disjudication

Disjunct

Disjunction

Disjunctive

Disjunctive

Disjunctively

Disk

Diskindness

Dislike

Dislike

Disliked

Dislikeful

Disliken

Dislikeness

Disliker

Disliking

Dislimb

Dislimn

Dislocate

Dislocated

Dislocating

Dislocation

Dislodge

Dislodge

Dislodged

Dislodging

Disloyal

Disloyally

Disloyalty

Dismal

Dismally

Dismalness

Dismantle

Dismantled

Dismantling

Dismask

Dismasked

Dismasking

Dismast

Dismasted

Dismasting

Dismastment

Dismay

Dismay

Dismayed

Dismayedness

Dismaying

Disme

Dismember

Dismembered

Dismembering

Dismembering

Dismemberment

Dismettled

Dismiss

Dismiss

Dismissal

Dismissed

Dismissing

Dismission

Dismissive

Dismortgage

Dismount

Dismount

Dismounted

Dismounting

Disnaturalize

Disnatured

Disobedience

Disobedient

Disobey

Disobeyed

Disobeying

Disobligation

Disobligatory

Disoblige

Disobliged

Disobliger

Disobliging

Disobligingly

Disobligingness

Disopinion

Disorbed

Disorder

Disorder

Disordered

Disordered

Disorderedness

Disorderly

Disorderly

Disordinate

Disordinately

Disorganization

Disorganize

Disorganized

Disorganizer

Disorganizing

Disown

Disowned

Disowning

Disoxydate

Disoxydated

Disoxydating

Disoxydation

Disoxygenate

Disoxygenated

Disoxygenating

Disoxygenation

Dispace

Dispair

Dispand

Dispansion

Disparadised

Disparage

Disparaged

Disparagement

Disparager

Disparaging

Disparagingly

Disparate

Disparates

Disparity

Dispark

Dispart

Dispart

Dispart

Dispart

Disparted

Disparting

Dispassion

Dispassionate

Dispassionately

Dispatch

Dispatch

Dispatch

Dispatched

Dispatcher

Dispatchful

Dispatching

Dispauper

Dispel

Dispelled

Dispelling

Dispend

Dispender

Dispensable

Dispensableness

Dispensary

Dispensation

Dispensative

Dispensatively

Dispensator

Dispensatory

Dispensatory

Dispense

Dispense

Dispensed

Dispenser

Dispensing

Dispeople

Dispeopled

Dispeopler

Dispeopling

Disperge

Dispermous

Disperse

Disperse

Dispersed

Dispersedly

Dispersedness

Disperseness

Disperser

Dispersing

Dispersion

Dispersive

Dispirit

Dispirited

Dispiritedness

Dispiriting

Dispiteous

Displace

Displaced

Displacement

Displacency

Displacing

Displant

Displantation

Displanted

Displanting

Displanting

Displat

Display

Display

Display

Displayed

Displayer

Displaying

Displeasance

Displeasant

Displease

Displeased

Displeasedness

Displeasing

Displeasingness

Displeasure

Displeasure

Displicence

Displode

Displode

Disploded

Disploding

Displosion

Displosive

Displume

Displumed

Displuming

Dispondee

Disport

Disport

Disport

Disporting

Disposable

Disposal

Dispose

Dispose

Dispose

Disposed

Disposer

Disposing

Disposing

Disposition

Dispositive

Dispositively

Dispositor

Dispossess

Dispossessed

Dispossessing

Dispossession

Disposure

Dispraise

Dispraise

Dispraised

Dispraiser

Dispraising

Dispraisingly

Dispread

Dispread

Dispreader

Disprize

Disprofess

Disprofit

Disproof

Disproperty

Disproportion

Disproportion

Disproportionable

Disproportionableness

Disproportionably

Disproportional

Disproportionality

Disproportionally

Disproportionate

Disproportionately

Disproportionateness

Dispropriate

Dispr?Vable

Dispr?Ve

Dispr?Ved

Dispr?Ver

Dispr?Ving

Dispunge

Dispunishable

Dispurse

Dispurvey

Dispurveyance

Disputable

Disputant

Disputant

Disputation

Disputatious

Disputative

Dispute

Dispute

Dispute

Disputed

Disputeless

Disputer

Disputing

Disputing

Disqualification

Disqualified

Disqualify

Disqualifying

Disquantity

Disquiet

Disquiet

Disquiet

Disquieted

Disquieter

Disquietful

Disquieting

Disquietly

Disquietness

Disquietous

Disquietude

Disquisition

Disrank

Disregard

Disregard

Disregarded

Disregardful

Disregardfully

Disrelish

Disrelish

Disrelished

Disrelishing

Disreputable

Disreputation

Disrepute

Disrespect

Disrespectful

Disrespectfully

Disrobe

Disrobed

Disrober

Disrobing

Disroot

Disrooted

Disrooting

Disrupt

Disruption

Disrupture

Disruptured

Disrupturing

Dissatisfaction

Dissatisfactoriness

Dissatisfactory

Dissatisfied

Dissatisfy

Dissatisfying

Disseat

Dissect

Dissected

Dissecting

Dissection

Dissector

Disseize

Disseized

Disseizee

Disseizin

Disseizing

Disseizor

Dissemblance

Dissemble

Dissemble

Dissembled

Dissembler

Dissembling

Dissemblingly

Disseminate

Disseminated

Disseminating

Dissemination

Disseminator

Dissension

Dissensious

Dissent

Dissent

Dissentaneous

Dissentany

Dissenter

Dissentient

Dissentient

Dissenting

Dissentious

Dissepiment

Dissert

Dissertation

Dissertator

Disserve

Disserved

Disservice

Disserviceable

Disserviceableness

Dissettle

Dissever

Disseverance

Dissevered

Dissevering

Dissevering

Dissidence

Dissident

Dissident

Dissilience

Dissilient

Dissilition

Dissimilar

Dissimilarity

Dissimile

Dissimilitude

Dissimulation

Dissimule

Dissipable

Dissipate

Dissipate

Dissipated

Dissipating

Dissipation

Dissociable

Dissocial

Dissociate

Dissociated

Dissociating

Dissociation

Dissolubility

Dissoluble

Dissolute

Dissolutely

Dissoluteness

Dissolution

Dissolvable

Dissolve

Dissolve

Dissolved

Dissolvent

Dissolvent

Dissolver

Dissolving

Dissonance

Dissonant

Dissuade

Dissuaded

Dissuader

Dissuading

Dissuasion

Dissuasive

Dissuasive

Dissunder

Dissweeten

Dissyllabic

Dissyllable

Distaff

Distaff-Thistle

Distain

Distained

Distaining

Distance

Distance

Distanced

Distant

Distantly

Distaste

Distaste

Distasted

Distasteful

Distastefulness

Distasting

Distastive

Distemper

Distemper

Distemperance

Distemperate

Distemperature

Distempered

Distempering

Distend

Distended

Distending

Distensibility

Distensible

Distent

Distent

Distention

Disterminate

Distermination

Disthene

Disthronize

Distich

Distichous

Distill

Distill

Distillable

Distillation

Distillatory

Distilled

Distiller

Distillery

Distilling

Distillment

Distinct

Distinct

Distinction

Distinctive

Distinctively

Distinctly

Distinctness

Distinguish

Distinguish

Distinguishable

Distinguished

Distinguisher

Distinguishing

Distinguishingly

Distinguishment

Distitle

Distort

Distort

Distorted

Distorting

Distortion

Distract

Distract

Distracted

Distractedly

Distractedness

Distracter

Distracting

Distraction

Distractive

Distrain

Distrain

Distrainable

Distrained

Distraining

Distrainor

Distraught

Distream

Distress

Distress

Distressed

Distressedness

Distressful

Distressing

Distributable

Distribute

Distributed

Distributer

Distributing

Distribution

Distributive

Distributive

Distributively

Distributiveness

District

District

District-Court

District-Judge

District-School

Districted

Districting

Distriction

Distringas

Distrust

Distrust

Distrusted

Distrustful

Distrustfully

Distrustfulness

Distrusting

Distrustless

Distune

Disturb

Disturb

Disturbance

Disturbed

Disturber

Disturbing

Disturn

Disuniform

Disunion

Disunite

Disunite

Disunited

Disuniter

Disuniting

Disunity

Disusage

Disuse

Disuse

Disused

Disusing

Disvaluation

Disvalue

Disvalue

Disvouch

Diswarn

Diswitted

Diswont

Disworship

Dit

Dit

Ditation

Ditch

Ditch

Ditch

Ditch-Delivered

Ditcher

Ditching

Ditetrahedral

Dithyramb

Dithyrambic

Dithyrambic

Dition

Ditone

Ditrihedria

Dittander

Dittany

Dittied

Ditto

Ditty

Ditty

Diuretic

Diuretic

Diurnal

Diurnal

Diurnalist

Diurnally

Diuturnal

Diuturnity

Divan

Divaricate

Divaricate

Divaricate

Divaricated

Divaricating

Divarication

Dive

Dive

Divel

Divellent

Divellicate

Diver

Diverb

Diverge

Divergence

Divergent

Diverging

Divergingly

Divers

Divers-Colored

Diverse

Diverse

Diversification

Diversified

Diversiform

Diversify

Diversifying

Diversion

Diversity

Diversly

Divert

Diverted

Diverter

Diverticle

Diverting

Divertise

Divertisement

Divertive

Divest

Divested

Divesting

Divestiture

Dividable

Divide

Divide

Divided

Dividedly

Dividend

Divider

Dividing

Dividing

Dividual

Divination

Divinator

Divinatory

Divine

Divine

Divine

Divine

Divinely

Divineness

Diviner

Divineress

Diving

Diving-Bell

Divinity

Divisibility

Divisible

Divisibleness

Division

Divisional

Divisioner

Divisive

Divisor

Divorce

Divorce

Divorced

Divorcement

Divorcer

Divorcing

Divorcive

Divulgate

Divulgation

Divulge

Divulged

Divulger

Divulging

Divulsion

Divulsive

Dizen

Dizz

Dizzard

Dizziness

Dizzy

Dizzy

Do

Do

Doat

Docible

Docibility

Docile

Docility

Docimacy

Docimastic

Dock

Dock

Dock

Dock

Dock-Yard

Docket

Docket

Docking

Docking

Doctor

Doctor

Doctor

Doctoral

Doctorally

Doctorate

Doctorate

Doctorly

Doctorship

Doctress

Doctrinal

Doctrinal

Doctrinally

Doctrine

Document

Document

Documental

Documentary

Dodder

Doddered

Dodecagon

Dodecagyn

Dodecagynian

Dodecahedral

Dodecahedron

Dodecander

Dodecandrian

Dodecatemorion

Dodecatemory

Dodge

Dodge

Dodger

Dodging

Dodkin

Dodman

Dodo

Doe

Doe

Doer

Does

Doff

Dog

Dog

Dogate

Dogberry

Dogberry-Tree

Dogbrier

Dog-Cabbag

Dogcheap

Dogday

Dogdraw

Doge

Dogfight

Dogfish

Dogfly

Dogged

Doggedly

Doggedness

Dogger

Doggerel

Doggerel

Doggerman

Doggers

Dogging

Doggish

Doghearted

Doghole

Doghouse

Dogkennel

Dogleach

Doglouse

Dogly

Dog-Mad

Dogma

Dogmatic

Dogmatically

Dogmaticalness

Dogmatism

Dogmatist

Dogmatize

Dogmatizer

Dogmatizing

Dogrose

Dogs-Bane

Dogs-Ear

Dogsick

Dogskin

Dogsleep

Dogs-Meat

Dogs-Rue

Dogstar

Dogstones

Dogtooth

Dogtooth-Violet

Dogtrick

Dogtrot

Dogvane

Dogwatch

Dogweary

Dogwood

Dogwood-Tree

Doily

Doing

Doings

Doit

Dolabriform

Dole

Dole

Dole

Doleful

Dolefully

Dolefulness

Dolent

Dolesome

Dolesomeness

Doll

Dollar

Dolomite

Dolor

Doloriferous

Dolorific

Dolorous

Dolorously

Dolphin

Dolphinet

Dolt

Dolt

Doltish

Doltishness

Dom

Domain

Domal

Dome

Domesday

Domesman

Domestic

Domestic

Domestically

Domesticate

Domestication

Domicil

Domicil

Domiciled

Domiciliary

Domiciliation

Domiciling

Domify

Dominant

Dominant

Dominate

Dominate

Dominated

Dominating

Domination

Dominative

Dominator

Domineer

Domineering

Dominical

Dominical

Dominican

Dominion

Domino

Domite

Don

Don

Donacite

Donary

Donation

Donatism

Donatist

Donatistic

Donative

Donative

Done

Donee

Donjon

Donnat

Donor

Donship

Donzel

Doodle

Doole

Doom

Doom

Doomage

Doomed

Doomful

Dooming

Doomsday

Doomsday-Book

Door

Dor-Case

Dooring

Door-Keeper

Door-Nail

Door-Post

Door-Stead

Doquet

Dor

Dorado

Doree

Dorian

Doric

Doricism

Dormancy

Dormant

Dormant

Dormar

Dormar

Dormitive

Dormitory

Dormouse

Dorn

Doron

Dorp

Dorr

Dorr

Dorrer

Dorsal

Dorse

Dorsel

Dorsiferous

Dorsum

Dorture

Dose

Dose

Dosser

Dossil

Dost

Dot

Dot

Dot

Dotage

Dotal

Dotard

Dotardly

Dotation

Dote

Doter

Doting

Dotingly

Dottard

Dotted

Dotterel

Dotting

Douanier

Double

Double

Double

Double-Banked

Double-Biting

Double-Buttoned

Double-Charge

Double-Dealer

Double-Dealing

Double-Dye

Double-Edged

Double-Entendre

Double-Eyed

Double-Face

Double-Faced

Double-Formed

Double-Fortified

Double-Founted

Double-Gild

Double-Handed

Double-Headed

Double-Hearted

Double-Lock

Double-Manned

Double-Meaning

Double-Minded

Double-Mouthed

Double-Natured

Double-Octave

Double-Plea

Double-Quarrel

Double-Shade

Double-Shining

Double-Threaded

Double-Tongued

Double

Double

Double

Doubled

Doubleness

Doubler

Doublet

Doublets

Doubling

Doubling

Doubloon

Doubly

Doubt

Doubt

Doubt

Doubtable

Doubted

Doubter

Doubtful

Doubtfully

Doubtfulness

Doubting

Doubtingly

Doubtless

Doubtless

Doubtlessly

Douced

Doucet

Douceur

Doucine

Doucker

Dough

Dough-Baked

Dough-Kneaded

Dough-Nut

Doughtiness

Doughty

Doughy

Douse

Douse

Dout

Douter

Douzeave

Dove

Dove-Cot

Doves-Foot

Dove-House

Dovelike

Doveship

Dove-Tail

Dove-Tail

Dove-Tailed

Dove-Tailing

Dovish

Dowable

Dowager

Dowcets

Dowdy

Dowdy

Dower

Dowered

Dowerless

Dowery

Dowlas

Dowle

Down

Down

Down

Down

Down-Bed

Downcast

Down-Cast

Downed

Downfall

Downfallen

Downgyved

Down-Haul

Downhearted

Downhill

Downhill

Downlooked

Downlying

Downlying

Downright

Downright

Downrightly

Down-Sitting

Downtrod

Downward

Downward

Downweed

Downy

Dowry

Dowse

Dowst

Doxological

Doxology

Doxy

Doze

Doze

Dozen

Dozen

Dozer

Doziness

Dozing

Dozing

Dozy

Drab

Drab

Drab

Drab

Drabbing

Drabbing

Drabble

Drabble

Drabbling

Drabbling

Drabler

Drachma

Draco

Dracontic

Dracunculus

Drad

Draff

Draffish

Draffy

Draft

Draft

Draft-Horse

Draft-Ox

Drafted

Drafting

Drafts

Drag

Drag

Drag

Dragged

Dragging

Draggle

Draggle

Draggle-Tail

Draggled

Draggling

Dragman

Dragnet

Dragoman

Dragon

Dragon

Dragonet

Dragon-Fish

Dragon-Fly

Dragonish

Dragonlike

Dragons

Dragons-Blood

Dragons-Head

Dragon-Shell

Dragons-Water

Dragons-Wort

Dragon-Tree

Dragoon

Dragoon

Dragoonade

Dragooned

Dragooning

Drail

Drail

Drain

Drain

Drain

Drainable

Drainage

Drained

Draining

Drake

Dram

Dram

Dram-Drinker

Drama

Dramatic

Dramatically

Dramatist

Dramatize

Drank

Drank

Drape

Draper

Drapery

Drapet

Drastic

Draugh

Draught

Draught

Draught-Hooks

Draught-Horse

Draught-House

Draughtsman

Drave

Draw

Draw

Draw

Drawable

Drawback

Draw-Bridge

Draw-Net

Draw-Well

Drawee

Drawer

Drawing

Drawing

Drawing-Master

Drawing-Room

Drawl

Drawl

Drawl

Drawling

Drawn

Dray

Dray-Cart

Dray-Horse

Dray-Man

Dray-Plow

Drazel

Dread

Dread

Dread

Dread

Dreadable

Dreaded

Dreader

Dreadful

Dreadfully

Dreadfulness

Dreadless

Dreadlessness

Dream

Dream

Dream

Dreamer

Dreamful

Dreaming

Dreamless

Dreamt

Drear

Drear

Drearihead

Drearily

Dreariment

Dreariness

Dreary

Dredge

Dredge

Dredge

Dredger

Dredging-Box

Dredging-Machine

Dree

Dregginess

Dreggish

Dreggy

Dregs

Drein

Drench

Drench

Drenched

Drencher

Drenching

Drent

Dress

Dress

Dress

Dressed

Dresser

Dressing

Dressing

Dressing-Room

Dress-Maker

Dressy

Drest

Dreul

Drib

Drib

Dribble

Dribble

Dribblet

Dribbling

Dribbling

Dried

Drier

Drift

Drift

Drift

Drifted

Drifting

Drift-Sail

Drift-Way

Drift-Wind

Drill

Drill

Drill

Drilled

Drilling

Drill-Plow

Drink

Drink

Drink

Drinkable

Drinkable

Drinker

Drinking

Drinking

Drinking-Horn

Drinking-House

Drinkless

Drink-Money

Drip

Drip

Drip

Dripping

Dripping

Dripping-Pan

Dripple

Drive

Drive

Drive

Drivel

Drivel

Driveler

Driveling

Driven

Driver

Driving

Driving

Drizzle

Drizzle

Drizzled

Drizzling

Drizzling

Drizzly

Drogman

Droil

Droil

Droll

Droll

Droll

Droll

Droller

Drollery

Drolling

Drollingly

Drollish

Dromedary

Drone

Drone

Drone-Fly

Droning

Dronish

Droop

Drooping

Drop

Drops

Drop

Drop

Drop-Serene

Drop-Stone

Drop-Wort

Droplet

Dropped

Dropping

Dropping

Dropsical

Dropsied

Dropsy

Dross

Drossiness

Drossy

Drotchel

Drought

Droughtiness

Droughty

Droumy

Drouth

Drouthiness

Drouthy

Drove

Drove

Drover

Drown

Drown

Drowned

Drowner

Drowning

Drowse

Drowse

Drowsihed

Drowsily

Drowsiness

Drowsy

Drowsy-Headed

Drub

Drub

Drubbed

Drubbing

Drubbing

Drudge

Drudge

Drudger

Drudgery

Drudging

Drudging-Box

Drudgingly

Drug

Drug

Drug

Drugger

Drugget

Druggist

Drugster

Druid

Druidic

Druidism

Drum

Drum

Drum

Drumble

Drum-Fish

Drumly

Drum-Major

Drum-Maker

Drummer

Drum-Stick

Drunk

Drunkard

Drunken

Drunkenly

Drunkenness

Drupe

Drupaceous

Druse

Drusy

Dry

Dry

Dry

Dryad

Dryed

Dryer

Dryeyed

Dryfat

Dryfoot

Drying

Dryite

Dryly

Dryness

Drynurse

Drynurse

Dryrub

Drysalter

Dryshod

Dual

Dualistic

Duality

Dub

Dub

Dub

Dubbed

Dubbing

Dubiety

Dubious

Dubiously

Dubiousness

Dubitable

Dubitancy

Dubitation

Ducal

Ducat

Ducatoon

Duchess

Duchy

Duchy-Court

Duck

Duck

Duck

Duck

Duck

Ducked

Ducker

Ducking

Ducking

Ducking-Stool

Duck-Legged

Duckling

Duck-Meat

Duckoy

Ducks-Foot

Duck-Weed

Duct

Ductile

Ductileness

Ductility

Ducture

Dudgeon

Dudgeon

Duds

Due

Due

Due

Due

Duel

Duel

Duel

Dueler

Dueling

Dueling

Duelist

Duello

Dueness

Duenna

Duet

Dug

Dug

Duke

Dukedom

Dulbrained

Dulcet

Dulcification

Dulcified

Dulcify

Dulcimer

Dulciness

Dulcorate

Dulcoration

Dulia

Dull

Dull

Dull

Dull-Brained

Dull-Browed

Dull-Disposed

Dull-Eyed

Dull-Head

Dull-Sighted

Dull-Witted

Dullard

Dullard

Dulled

Duller

Dulling

Dullness

Dully

Duly

Dumb

Dumb

Dumbly

Dumbness

Dumfound

Dummerer

Dump

Dumpish

Dumpishly

Dumpishness

Dumpling

Dumpy

Dun

Dun

Dun

Dun

Dunce

Duncery

Duncify

Dunder

Dune

Dun-Fish

Dung

Dung

Dung

Dunged

Dungeon

Dungeon

Dungfork

Dunghill

Dunghill

Dungy

Dungyard

Dunlin

Dunnage

Dunned

Dunner

Dunning

Dunning

Dunnish

Dunny

Duo

Duodecahedral

Duodecimfid

Duodecimo

Duodecimo

Duodecuple

Duodenum

Duoliteral

Dupe

Dupe

Dupion

Duple

Duplicate

Duplicate

Duplicate

Duplication

Duplicature

Duplicity

Durability

Durable

Durableness

Durably

Durance

Durant

Duration

Dure

Dureful

Dureless

Duress

During

Durity

Durous

Durra

Durst

Duse

Dusk

Dusk

Dusk

Dusk

Duskily

Duskiness

Duskish

Duskishly

Duskishness

Dusky

Dust

Dust

Dust-Brush

Duster

Dustiness

Dust-Man

Dusty

Dutch

Dutch

Duteous

Dutiable

Dutied

Dutiful

Dutifully

Dutifulness

Duty

Duumvir

Duumviral

Duumvirate

Dwale

Dwarf

Dwarf

Dwarfish

Dwarfishly

Dwarfishness

Dwaul

Dwell

Dweller

Dwelling

Dwelling

Dwelling-House

Dwelling-Place

Dwindle

Dwindle

Dwindled

Dwindling

Dye

Dyed

Dyeing

Dyeing

Dyer

Dying

Dynameter

Dynamtrical

Dynamical

Dynamometer

Dynast

Dynastic

Dynasty

Dyscrasy

Dysenteric

Dysentery

Dysodile

Dysorexy

Dyspepsy

Dyspeptic

Dysphony

Dyspnoea

Dysury

E

E

Each

Eachwhere

Ead

Eager

Eagerly

Eagerness

Eagle

Eagle-Eyed

Eagle-Sighted

Eagle-Speed

Eagless

Eagle-Stone

Eaglet

Eagle-Winged

Eagre

Ealderman

Eame

Ean

Eanling

Ear

Ear

Ear

Earable

Earache

Earal

Ear-Bored

Ear-Deafening

Eared

Ear-Erecting

Earing

Earlap

Earlock

Earmark

Earmark

Earpick

Ear-Piercing

Earring

Earshot

Earwax

Earwig

Ear-Witness

Earl

Earldom

Earl-Marshal

Earles-Penny

Earless

Earliness

Early

Early

Earn

Earned

Earnest

Earnest

Earnestly

Earnestness

Earnful

Earning

Earning

Earsh

Earth

Earth

Earth

Earthbag

Earthbank

Earthboard

Earthborn

Earthbound

Earthbred

Earth-Created

Earthen

Earthfed

Earthflax

Earthiness

Earthliness

Earthling

Earthly

Earthly-Minded

Earthly-Mindedness

Earthnut

Earthnut

Earthquake

Earthshaking

Earthworm

Earthy

Ease

Ease

Easeful

Easefully

Easel

Easement

Easily

Easiness

East

East

Easter

Easterling

Easterly

Easterly

Eastern

Eastward

Easy

Eat

Eat

Eatable

Eatable

Eaten

Eater

Eath

Eating

Eating-House

Eaves

Eaves-Drop

Eaves-Dropper

Ebb

Ebb

Ebbing

Ebbing

Ebbtide

Ebionite

Ebon

Ebonize

Ebony

Ebony-Tree

Ebracteate

Ebriety

Ebrillade

Ebriosity

Ebulliency

Ebullient

Ebullition

Ecaudate

Eccentric

Eccentric

Eccentricity

Ecchymosis

Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastic

Ecclesiastic

Ecclesiasticus

Eccoprotic

Eccoprotic

Echelon

Echinate

Echinite

Echinus

Echo

Echo

Echo

Echoed

Echoing

Echometer

Echometry

Eclaircise

Eclaircissement

Eclampsy

Eclat

Eclectic

Eclectic

Eclectically

Eclegm

Eclipse

Eclipse

Eclipse

Eclipsed

Eclipsing

Ecliptic

Ecliptic

Eclogue

Economic

Economically

Economist

Economize

Economize

Economized

Economizing

Economy

Ecphractic

Ecphractic

Ecstasied

Ecstasy

Ecstasy

Ecstatic

Ectypal

Ectype

Ecumenic

Ecurie

Edacious

Edacity

Edder

Edder

Eddish

Eddoes

Eddy

Eddy

Eddy

Eddy-Water

Eddy-Wind

Edelite

Edematous

Eden

Edenized

Edentated

Edge

Edge

Edge

Edged

Edgeless

Edgetool

Edgewise

Edging

Edging

Edible

Edict

Edificant

Edification

Edificatory

Edifice

Edificial

Edified

Edifier

Edify

Edifying

Edifyingly

Edile

Edileship

Edit

Edited

Editing

Edition

Editor

Editorial

Editorship

Edituate

Educate

Educated

Educating

Education

Educational

Educator

Educe

Educed

Educing

Educt

Eduction

Eductor

Edulcorate

Edulcorated

Edulcorating

Edulcoration

Edulcorative

Eek

Eel

Eel-Fishing

Eelpot

Eelpout

Eelskin

Eelspear

Een

Eff

Effable

Efface

Effaced

Effacing

Effect

Effect

Effected

Effectible

Effecting

Effective

Effectively

Effectless

Effector

Effectual

Effectually

Effectuate

Effectuated

Effectuating

Effeminacy

Effeminate

Effeminate

Effeminate

Effeminately

Effeminateness

Effemination

Effervesce

Effervescence

Effervescent

Effervescible

Effervescing

Effete

Efficacious

Efficaciously

Efficaciousness

Efficacy

Efficience

Efficient

Efficient

Efficiently

Effierce

Effigy

Efflate

Effloresce

Efflorescence

Efflorescent

Effluence

Effluvium

Efflux

Efflux

Effluxion

Efforce

Efform

Efformation

Effort

Effossion

Effray

Effrayable

Effrenation

Effrontery

Effulge

Effulgence

Effulgent

Effulging

Effumability

Effume

Effuse

Effuse

Effused

Effusing

Effusion

Effusive

Eft

Eft

Eftsoons

E. German

Egad

Eger

Egeran

Egerminate

Egest

Egestion

Egg

Eggbird

Egilopical

Egilops

Eglandulous

Eglantine

Egoist

Egoity

Egotism

Egotist

Egotistic

Egotize

Egregious

Egregiously

Egregiousness

Egress

Egression

Egret

Egriot

Egyptian

Egyptian

Eider

Eider-Down

Eigh

Eight

Eighteen

Eighteenth

Eightfold

Eighth

Eighth

Eighthly

Eightieth

Eightscore

Eighty

Eigne

Eisel

Eisenrahm

Either

Ejaculate

Ejaculation

Ejaculatory

Eject

Ejected

Ejecting

Ejection

Ejectment

Ejector

Ejulation

Eke

Eke

Ekebergite

Eked

Eking

Eking

Elaborate

Elaborate

Elaborated

Elaborately

Elaborateness

Elaborating

Elaboration

Elain

Elamping

Elance

Eland

Elaolite

Elapse

Elapsed

Elapsing

Elastic

Elastically

Elasticity

Elate

Elate

Elated

Elatedly

Elaterium

Elatery

Elatin

Elation

Elbow

Elbow

Elbow

Elbow-Chair

Elbow-Room

Eld

Elder

Elder

Elder

Elderly

Eldership

Eldest

Elding

Eleatic

Elecampane

Elect

Elect

Elect

Elected

Electing

Election

Electioneer

Electioneering

Electioneering

Elective

Electively

Elector

Electoral

Electorality

Electorate

Electre

Electress

Electric

Electric

Electrically

Electrician

Electricity

Electrifiable

Electrification

Electrified

Electrify

Electrify

Electrifying

Electrization

Electrize

Electrochimistry

Electro-Magnetic

Electro-Magnetism

Electrometer

Electrometrical

Electro-Motion

Electro-Motive

Electromotor

Electron

Electro-Negative

Electrophor

Electro-Positive

Electrum

Electuary

Eleemosynary

Eleemosynary

Elegance

Elegant

Elegantly

Elegiac

Elegist

Elegit

Elegy

Element

Element

Elemental

Elementality

Elementally

Elementarity

Elementary

Elemi

Elench

Elenchical

Elenchically

Elenchize

Elephant

Elephant-Beetle

Elephants-Foot

Elephantiasis

Elephantine

Eleusinian

Elevate

Elevate

Elevated

Elevating

Elevation

Elevator

Elevatory

Eleve

Eleven

Eleventh

Elf

Elf

Elf-Arrow

Elf-Lock

Elfin

Elfin

Elfish

Elicit

Elicit

Elicitation

Elicited

Eliciting

Elide

Eligibility

Eligible

Eligibleness

Eligibly

Eliminate

Eliminated

Eliminating

Elimination

Eliquation

Elision

Elisor

Elixate

Elixation

Elixir

Elk

Elk-Nut

Ell

Ellipse

Ellipsis

Ellipsoid

Ellipsoidal

Elliptic

Elliptically

Elm

Elmy

Elocation

Elocution

Elocutive

Elogist

Elogy

Eloin

Eloinate

Eloined

Eloining

Eloinment

Elong

Elongate

Elongate

Elongated

Elongating

Elongation

Elope

Elopement

Eloping

Elops

Eloquence

Eloquent

Eloquently

Else

Else

Elsewhere

Elucidate

Elucidated

Elucidating

Elucidation

Elucidator

Elude

Eludible

Elusion

Elusive

Elusoriness

Elusory

Elute

Elutriate

Elutriated

Elutriating

Elutriation

Eluxate

Eluxation

Elvelocks

Elvers

Elves

Elvish

Elysian

Elysium

Em

Emacerate

Emaciate

Emaciate

Emaciate

Emaciated

Emaciating

Emaciation

Emaculate

Emaculation

Emanant

Emanate

Emanating

Emanation

Emanative

Emancipate

Emancipate

Emancipated

Emancipating

Emancipation

Emancipator

Emane

Emarginate

Emarginately

Emasculate

Emasculate

Emasculated

Emasculating

Emasculation

Embale

Embalm

Embalmed

Embalmer

Embalming

Embar

Embarcation

Embargo

Embargo

Embargoed

Embargoing

Embark

Embark

Embarkation

Embarked

Embarking

Embarrass

Embarrassed

Embarrassing

Embarrassment

Embase

Embasement

Embassade

Embassador

Embassadress

Embassage

Embassy

Embattle

Embattle

Embattled

Embattling

Embay

Embayed

Embed

Embedded

Embedding

Embellish

Embellished

Embellishing

Embellishment

Ember

Ember-Goose

Embering

Embers

Ember-Week

Embezzle

Embezzled

Embezzlement

Embezzler

Embezzling

Emblaze

Emblazed

Emblazing

Emblazon

Emblazoned

Emblazoner

Emblazoning

Emblazonment

Emblazonry

Emblem

Emblem

Emblematic

Emblematically

Emblematist

Emblement

Emblemize

Emblemized

Emblemizing

Embloom

Embodied

Embody

Embodying

Emboguing

Embolden

Emboldened

Emboldening

Embolism

Embolismal

Embolismic

Embolus

Emborder

Emboss

Emboss

Emboss

Embossed

Embossing

Embossment

Embottle

Embottled

Embow

Embowel

Emboweled

Emboweler

Emboweling

Embower

Embrace

Embrace

Embrace

Embraced

Embracement

Embracer

Embracery

Embracing

Embraid

Embrasure

Embrave

Embrocate

Embrocated

Embrocating

Embrocation

Embroider

Embraoidered

Embroiderer

Embroidering

Embroidery

Embroil

Embroiled

Embroiling

Embroilment

Embrothel

Embryo

Embryo

Embryotomy

Embusy

Emend

Emendable

Emendation

Emendator

Emendatory

Emerald

Emerge

Emergence

Emergent

Emerited

Emerods

Emersion

Emery

Emetic

Emetic

Emetically

Emetin

Emew

Emication

Emiction

Emigrant

Emigrant

Emigrate

Emigrating

Emigration

Eminence

Eminent

Eminently

Emir

Emissary

Emissary

Emission

Emit

Emmenagogue

Emmet

Emmew

Emmove

Emollescence

Emolliate

Emolliated

Emolliating

Emollient

Emollient

Emollition

Emolument

Emolumental

Emotion

Empair

Empale

Empaled

Empalement

Empaling

Empannel

Empannel

Empark

Emparlance

Empasm

Empassion

Empeach

Empeople

Emperess

Emperished

Emperor

Empery

Emphasis

Emphatic

Emphatically

Emphysema

Emphysematous

Emphyteutic

Empierce

Empight

Empire

Empiric

Empiric

Empirically

Empiricism

Emplaster

Emplaster

Emplastic

Emplead

Employ

Employ

Employable

Employed

Employer

Employing

Employment

Emplunge

Empoison

Empoisoned

Empoisoner

Empoisoning

Empoisonment

Emporium

Empoverish

Empower

Empowered

Empowering

Empress

Emprise

Emptier

Emptiness

Emption

Empty

Empty

Empty

Emptying

Emptyings

Empurple

Empurpled

Empurpling

Empuse

Empuzzle

Empyreal

Empyrean

Empyrean

Empyreuma

Empyreumatic

Empyrical

Empyrosis

Emrods

Emu

Emulate

Emulate

Emulated

Emulating

Emulation

Emulative

Emulator

Emulatress

Emule

Emulgent

Emulgent

Emulous

Emulously

Emulsion

Emulsive

Emunctory

Emuscation

En

Enable

Enabled

Enablement

Enabling

Enact

Enacted

Enacting

Enactment

Enactor

Enacture

Enallage

Enambush

Enambushed

Enamel

Enamel

Enamelar

Enameled

Enameler

Enameling

Enameling

Enamor

Enamorado

Enamored

Enamoring

Enarmed

Enarration

Enarthrosis

Enate

Enaunter

Encage

Encaged

Encaging

Encamp

Encamp

Encamped

Encamping

Encampment

Encanker

Encase

Encaustic

Encaustic

Encave

Enceint

Enceint

Enchafe

Enchafed

Enchafing

Enchain

Enchained

Enchaining

Enchant

Enchanted

Enchanter

Enchanting

Enchantingly

Enchantment

Enchantress

Encharge

Enchase

Enchased

Enchasing

Encheason

Enchiridion

Encindered

Encircle

Encircled

Encirclet

Encircling

Enclitic

Enclitic

Enclitically

Enclitics

Enclose

Enclouded

Encoch

Encoffin

Encoffined

Encomber

Encomberment

Encomiast

Encomiastic

Encomiastic

Encomium

Encompass

Encompassed

Encompassing

Encompassment

Encore

Encore

Encounter

Encounter

Encounter

Encountered

Encounterer

Encountering

Encourage

Encouraged

Encouragement

Encourager

Encouraging

Encouragingly

Encradle

Encrimson

Encrimsoned

Encrinite

Encrisped

Encroach

Encroacher

Encroaching

Encroaching

Encroachingly

Encroachment

Encrust

Encumber

Encumbered

Encumbering

Encumbrance

Encyclical

Encyclopedia

Encyclopedian

Encyclopedist

Encysted

End

End

End

End-All

Endamage

Endamaged

Endamagement

Endamaging

Endanger

Endangered

Endangering

Endangering

Endangerment

Endear

Endeared

Endearing

Endearment

Endeavor

Endeavor

Endeavored

Endeavorer

Endeavoring

Endecagon

Endeictic

Endemic

Endenize

Endenizen

Endict

Ending

Ending

Endite

Endive

Endless

Endlessly

Endlessness

Endlong

Endoctrine

Endorse

Endoss

Endow

Endowed

Endowing

Endowment

Endrudge

Endue

Endurable

Endurance

Endure

Endure

Endured

Endurer

Enduring

Endwise

Enecate

Eneid

Enemy

Energetic

Energetically

Energize

Energize

Energized

Energizer

Energizing

Energy

Enervate

Enervate

Enervated

Enervating

Enervation

Enerve

Enfamish

Enfeeble

Enfeebled

Enfeeblement

Enfeebling

Enfeloned

Enfeoff

Enfeoffed

Enfeoffing

Enfeoffment

Enfetter

Enfever

Enfierce

Enfilade

Enfilade

Enfiladed

Enfilading

Enfire

Enforce

Enforce

Enforce

Enforceable

Enforced

Enforcedly

Enforcement

Enforcer

Enforcing

Enform

Enfouldered

Enfranchise

Enfranchised

Enfranchisement

Enfranchiser

Enfranchising

Enfroward

Enfrozen

Engage

Engage

Engaged

Engagedly

Engagedness

Engagement

Engager

Engaging

Engagingly

Engallant

Engaol

Engarboil

Engarland

Engarrison

Engastrimuth

Engender

Engender

Engendered

Engenderer

Engendering

Engild

Engine

Engineer

Enginery

Engird

Engirded

Engirding

Englad

Englaimed

England

English

English

English

Englished

Englishry

Englut

Engore

Engorge

Engorge

Engorged

Engorgement

Engorging

Engraft

Engrail

Engrailed

Engrain

Engrained

Engraining

Engrapple

Engrasp

Engrave

Engraved

Engravement

Engraver

Engravery

Engraving

Engraving

Engrieve

Engross

Engrossed

Engrosser

Engrossing

Engrossment

Enguard

Engulf

Engulfed

Engulfment

Enhance

Enhance

Enhanced

Enhancement

Enhancer

Enhancing

Enharbor

Enharden

Enharmonic

Enigma

Enigmatic

Enigmatically

Enigmatist

Enigmatize

Enigmatography

Enjoin

Enjoined

Enjoiner

Enjoining

Enjoinment

Enjoy

Enjoy

Enjoyable

Enjoyed

Enjoyer

Enjoying

Enjoyment

Enkindle

Enkindled

Enkindling

Enlard

Enlarge

Enlarge

Enlarged

Enlargedly

Enlargement

Enlarger

Enlarging

Enlarging

Enlight

Enlighten

Enlightened

Enlightener

Enlightening

Enlink

Enlist

Enlist

Enlistment

Enliven

Enlivened

Enlivener

Enlivening

Enlumine

Enmarble

Enmesh

Enmity

Enneacontahedral

Enneagon

Enneander

Enneandrian

Enneapetalous

Enneatical

Ennew

Ennoble

Ennobled

Ennoblement

Ennobling

Ennui

Enodation

Enode

Enomotarch

Enomoty

Enorm

Enormity

Enormous

Enormously

Enormousness

Enough

Enough

Enough

Enounce

Enounced

Enouncing

Enow

Enquicken

Enquire

Enrace

Enrage

Enraged

Enraging

Enrange

Enrank

Enrapture

Enraptured

Enrapturing

Enravish

Enravished

Enravishing

Enravishment

Enregister

Enrheum

Enrich

Enriched

Enricher

Enriching

Enrichment

Enridge

Enring

Enripen

Enrive

Enrobe

Enrobed

Enrobing

Enroll

Enrolled

Enroller

Enrolling

Enrollment

Enroot

Enrooted

Enrooting

Enround

Ens

Ensample

Ensample

Ensanguine

Ensanguined

Ensate

Enschedule

Ensconce

Ensconced

Ensconcing

Enseal

Ensealed

Ensealing

Ensealing

Enseam

Enseamed

Ensear

Ensearch

Ensemble

Enshield

Enshrine

Enshrined

Enshrining

Ensiferous

Ensiform

Ensign

Ensign-Bearer

Ensigncy

Enskied

Enslave

Enslaved

Enslavement

Enslaver

Enslaving

Ensnare

Ensober

Ensphere

Enstamp

Enstamped

Enstamping

Enstyle

Ensue

Ensue

Ensuing

Ensure

Ensweep

Entablature

Entackle

Entail

Entail

Entailed

Entailing

Entailment

Entame

Entangle

Entangled

Entanglement

Entangler

Entangling

Entender

Enter

Enter

Enterdeal

Entered

Entering

Entering

Enterlace

Enterocele

Enterology

Enteromphalos

Enterparlance

Enterplead

Enterprise

Enterprise

Enterprised

Enterpriser

Enterprising

Entertain

Entertain

Entertained

Entertainer

Entertaining

Entertainingly

Entertainment

Entertissued

Entheastic

Entheastically

Entheat

Enthrall

Enthrill

Enthrone

Enthroned

Enthroning

Enthunder

Enthusiasm

Enthusiast

Enthusiastic

Enthusiastically

Enthymematical

Enthymeme

Entice

Enticed

Enticement

Enticer

Enticing

Enticingly

Entire

Entirely

Entireness

Entirety

Entitative

Entitle

Entitled

Entitling

Entity

Entoil

Entomb

Entombed

Entombing

Entombment

Entomolite

Entomological

Entomologist

Entomology

Entortilation

Entrail

Entrail

Entrammeled

Entrance

Entranse

Entransed

Entransing

Entrap

Entrapped

Entrapping

Entreat

Entreat

Entreatance

Entreated

Entreater

Entreating

Entreative

Entreaty

Entremets

Entrepot

Entrick

Entrochite

Entry

Entune

Entwine

Entwist

Enubilate

Enubilous

Enucleate

Enucleated

Enucleating

Enucleation

Enumerate

Enumerated

Enumerating

Enumeration

Enumerative

Enunciate

Enunciated

Enunciating

Enunciation

Enunciative

Enunciatively

Enunciatory

Envassal

Envelop

Envelop

Enveloped

Enveloping

Envelopment

Envenom

Envenomed

Envenoming

Envermeil

Enviable

Envied

Envier

Envious

Enviously

Environ

Environed

Environing

Environs

Envoy

Envoyship

Envy

Envy

Envying

Envying

Enwallowed

Enwheel

Enwiden

Enwomb

Enwombed

Enwrap

Enwrapment

Eolian

Eolipile

Eon

Ep

Epact

Eparch

Eparchy

Epaulet

Epaulment

Epenetic

Epenthesis

Epenthetic

Epha

Ephemera

Ephemeral

Ephemeris

Ephemerist

Ephemeron-Worm

Ephesian

Ephialtes

Ephod

Ephor

Ephoralty

Epic

Epicede

Epicedian

Epicedium

Epicene

Epictetian

Epicure

Epicurean

Epicurean

Epicureanism

Epicurism

Epicurize

Epicycle

Epicycloid

Epicycloidal

Epidemic

Epidemic

Epidermic

Epidermis

Epidote

Epigastric

Epigee

Epiglot

Epigram

Epigrammatic

Epigrammatist

Epigraph

Epilepsy

Epileptic

Epileptic

Epilogism

Epilogistic

Epilogue

Epiloguize

Epiloguize

Epinicion

Epiphany

Epiphonem

Epiphora

Epiphyllospermous

Epiphysis

Epiploce

Epiplocele

Epiploic

Epiploon

Episcopacy

Episcopal

Episcopalian

Episcopalian

Episcopally

Episcopate

Episcopate

Episcopy

Episode

Episodic

Epispastic

Epispastic

Epistilbite

Epistle

Epistler

Epistolary

Epistolic

Epistolize

Epistolizer

Epistolographic

Epistolography

Epistrophe

Epistyle

Epitaph

Epitaphian

Epithalamium

Epithem

Epithet

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Erke

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Erring

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Et Caetera

Etch

Etched

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Ethel

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Ethic

Ethically

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Ethmoid

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Ethnic

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Europe

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Even

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Event

Event

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Exacerbate

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Excepted

Excepting

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Exitial

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Expand

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Expanding

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Extolled

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Extorting

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Extortious

Extra

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Extrafoliaceous

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Extrajudicially

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Exuviae

Ey

Eyas

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Eyas-Musket

Eye

Eye

Eye

Eye

Eyeball

Eyebeam

Eyebolt

Eyebright

Eye-Brightening

Eyebrow

Eyed

Eyedrop

Eyeglance

Eyeglass

Eye-Gluttnig

Eyelash

Eyeless

Eyelet

Eyeliad

Eyelid

Eye-Offending

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Eyer

Eye-Salve

Eye-Servant

Eye-Service

Eyeshot

Eyesight

Eyesore

Eyesplice

Eyespotted

Eyestring

Eyetooth

Eyewink

Eye-Witness

Eyot

Eyre

Eyry

F

F

Fabaceous

Fabian

Fable

Fable

Fable

Fabled

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Fabling

Fabric

Fabric

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Fabricated

Fabricating

Fabrication

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Fabrile

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Facade

Face

Face

Face

Facecloth

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Facepainting

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Facundity

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Faffel

Fag

Fag

Fag

Fag

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Fagot

Fagot

Fahlerz

Fahlunite

Fail

Fail

Fail

Failance

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Failing

Failure

Fain

Fain

Fain

Faining

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Faint

Faint

Fainthearted

Faintheartedly

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Fainting

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Fair

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Fair

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Fairing

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Fall

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Falling

Falling

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Fallow

Fallow

Fallow

Fallow

Fallow-Crop

Fallowed

Fallow-Finch

Fallowing

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False

False

False

False-Heart

False-Heartedness

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Fameless

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Familiarizing

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Fancyfree

Fancying

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Fancysick

Fand

Fandango

Fane

Fanfare

Fanfaron

Fanfaronade

Fang

Fang

Fanged

Fangle

Fangled

Fangless

Fangot

Fanion

Fanned

Fannel

Fanner

Fanning

Fantasied

Fantasm

Fantastic

Fantastically

Fantasticalness

Fantasy

Fantom

Fap

Faquir

Far

Far

Far-About

Far-Famed

Far-Fetch

Far-Fetched

Far-Piercing

Far-Shooting

Far

Farce

Farce

Farcical

Farcically

Farcilite

Farcin

Farcing

Farctate

Fard

Fardel

Fardel

Fare

Fare

Farewell

Farewell

Farin

Farinaceous

Farm

Farm

Farmhouse

Farm-Office

Farmyard

Farmable

Farmed

Farmer

Farming

Farming

Farmost

Farness

Farraginous

Farrago

Farreation

Farrier

Farrier

Farriery

Farrow

Farrow

Farrow

Farther

Farther

Farther

Fartherance

Farthermore

Farthest

Farthest

Farthing

Farthingale

Farthingsworth

Fasces

Fascia

Fascial

Fasciated

Fasciation

Fascicle

Fascicular

Fascicularly

Fasciculate

Fasciculite

Fascinate

Fascinated

Fascinating

Fascination

Fascine

Fascinous

Fashion

Fashion

Fashionable

Fashionableness

Fashionably

Fashioned

Fashioner

Fashioning

Fashion-Monger

Fassaite

Fast

Fast

Fast

Fast

Fast

Fast

Fast

Fast-Day

Fasten

Fasten

Fastened

Fastener

Fastening

Fastening

Faster

Fast-Handed

Fastidiosity

Fastidious

Fastidiously

Fastidiousness

Fastigiate

Fasting

Fasting

Fasting-Day

Fastness

Fastuous

Fat

Fat

Fat

Fat

Fat

Fat

Fatal

Fatalism

Fatalist

Fatality

Fatally

Fatalness

Fatbrained

Fate

Fated

Fateful

Fates

Father

Father-in-Law

Father

Fathered

Fatherhood

Fathering

Fatherlasher

Fatherless

Fatherlessness

Fatherliness

Fatherly

Fatherly

Fathom

Fathom

Fathomed

Fathomer

Fathoming

Fathomless

Fatidical

Fatiferous

Fatigable

Fatigate

Fatigate

Fatigation

Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigued

Fatiguing

Fatiscence

Fatkidneyed

Fatling

Fatly

Fatner

Fatness

Fatten

Fatten

Fattened

Fattener

Fattening

Fattiness

Fattish

Fatty

Fatuity

Fatuous

Fatwitted

Faucet

Fauchion

Faufel

Fault

Fault

Fault

Faulted

Faulter

Fault-Finder

Faultful

Faultily

Faultiness

Faulting

Faultless

Faultlessness

Faulty

Faun

Faunist

Fausen

Fautor

Fautress

Favillous

Favor

Favor

Favorable

Favorableness

Favorably

Favored

Favoredness

Favorer

Favoring

Favorite

Favorite

Favoritism

Favorless

Favosite

Fawn

Fawn

Fawn

Fawn

Fawner

Fawning

Fawning

Fawningly

Faxed

Fay

Fay

Feague

Feal

Fealty

Fear

Fear

Fear

Fear

Feared

Fearful

Fearfully

Fearfulness

Fearless

Fearlessly

Fearlessness

Feasibility

Feasible

Feasible

Feasibleness

Feasibly

Feast

Feast

Feast

Feasted

Feaster

Feastful

Feasting

Feasting

Feastrite

Feat

Feat

Feat

Feateous

Feateously

Feather

Feather

Feather-Bed

Feather-Driver

Feathered

Featheredge

Featheredged

Feather-Few

Feather-Grass

Featherless

Featherly

Feather-Seller

Feathery

Featly

Featness

Feature

Featured

Feaze

Febrifacient

Febrifacient

Febrific

Febrifuge

Febrifuge

Febrile

February

Februation

Fecal

Feces

Fecial

Fecula

Feculence

Feculent

Feculum

Fecund

Fecundate

Fecundated

Fecundating

Fecundation

Fecundify

Fecundity

Fed

Federal

Federal

Federary

Federate

Federation

Federative

Fedity

Fee

Fee

Fee-Farm

Fee-Tail

Fee

Feeble

Feeble

Feeble-Minded

Feebleness

Feebly

Feed

Feed

Feed

Feeder

Feeding

Feeding

Feel

Feel

Feel

Feeler

Feeling

Feeling

Feelingly

Feese

Feet

Feetless

Feign

Feigned

Feignedly

Feignedness

Feigner

Feigning

Feigning

Feigningly

Feint

Feint

Felanders

Feldspar

Feldspathic

Felicitate

Felicitate

Felicitated

Felicitating

Felicitation

Felicitous

Felicitously

Felicity

Feline

Fell

Fell

Fell

Fell

Fell

Felled

Feller

Fellifluous

Felling

Fellmonger

Fellness

Felloe

Fellow

Fellow

Fellow-Citizen

Fellow-Commoner

Fellow-Counselor

Fellow-Creature

Fellow-Feeling

Fellow-Heir

Fellow-Helper

Fellow-Laborer

Fellowlike

Fellow-Maiden

Fellow-Member

Fellow-Minister

Fellow-Peer

Fellow-Prisoner

Fellow-Rake

Fellow-Scholar

Fellow-Servant

Fellowship

Fellow-Soldier

Fellow-Stream

Fellow-Student

Fellow-Subject

Fellow-Sufferer

Fellow-Traveler

Fellow-Writer

Fellow-Worker

Felly

Felly

Felon

Felon

Felonious

Feloniously

Felon-Wort

Felony

Felsite

Felt

Felt

Felt

Felter

Feltmaker

Felucca

Felwort

Female

Female

Female-Flower

Female-Plant

Female-Screw

Feme-Covert

Feme-Sole

Feminality

Feminate

Feminine

Feminity

Feminize

Femoral

Fen

Fen-Berry

Fen-Born

Fen-Cress

Fen-Cricket

Fen-Duck

Fen-Fowl

Fen-Land

Fen-Sucked

Fence

Fence

Fence

Fenced

Fenceful

Fenceless

Fence-Month

Fencer

Fencible

Fencing

Fencing

Fencing-Master

Fencing-School

Fend

Fend

Fended

Fender

Fending

Fenerate

Feneration

Fenestral

Fennel

Fennel-Flower

Fennel-Giant

Fenny

Fennystones

Fenowed

Fenugreek

Feod

Feodal

Feodality

Feodary

Feodatory

Feoff

Feoff

Feoffee

Feoffer

Feoffment

Feracious

Feracity

Feral

Fere

Feretory

Ferial

Feriation

Ferine

Ferineness

Ferity

Ferm

Ferment

Ferment

Ferment

Fermentable

Fermentation

Fermentative

Fermentativeness

Fermented

Fermenting

Fern

Fern-Owl

Ferny

Ferocious

Ferociously

Ferociousness

Ferocity

Ferreous

Ferret

Ferret

Ferreted

Ferreter

Ferreting

Ferriage

Ferric

Ferri-Calcite

Ferriferous

Ferrilite

Ferro-Cyanate

Ferro-Cyanic

Ferro-Prussiate

Ferro-Prussic

Ferro-Silicate

Ferro-Silicic

Ferruginated

Ferruginous

Ferrule

Ferry

Ferry

Ferry

Ferryboat

Ferryman

Fertile

Fertileness

Fertility

Fertilize

Fertilized

Fertilizing

Ferulaceous

Ferule

Ferule

Fervency

Fervent

Fervently

Fervid

Fervidly

Fervidness

Fervor

Fescennine

Fescennine

Fescue

Fescue-Grass

Fesels

Fesse

Fesse-Point

Festal

Fester

Festering

Festinate

Festination

Festival

Festival

Festive

Festivity

Festoon

Festucine

Festucous

Fet

Fet

Fetal

Fetch

Fetch

Fetch

Fetcher

Fetching

Fetichism

Fetid

Fetidness

Fetiferous

Fetlock

Fetor

Fetter

Fetter

Fettered

Fettering

Fetterless

Fettstein

Fetus

Feud

Feud

Feudal

Feudality

Feudalism

Feudary

Feudatary

Feudatory

Feudist

Feuillage

Feuillemort

Feuter

Feuterer

Fever

Fever

Fever-Cooling

Feveret

Feverfew

Feverish

Feverishness

Feverous

Fever-Root

Fever-Sick

Fever-Weakened

Fever-Weed

Fever-Wort

Fevery

Few

Fewel

Fewness

Fiance

Fiat

Fib

Fib

Fibber

Fibbing

Fiber

Fibril

Fibrin

Fibrolite

Fibrous

Fibula

Fickle

Fickleness

Fickly

Fico

Fictile

Fiction

Fictious

Fictitious

Fictitiously

Fictitiousness

Fictive

Fid

Fiddle

Fiddle

Fiddle

Fiddle-Faddle

Fiddle-Faddle

Fiddler

Fiddle-Stick

Fiddle-String

Fiddle-Wood

Fiddling

Fiddling

Fidejussor

Fidelity

Fidge

Fidget

Fidgety

Fiducial

Fiducially

Fiduciary

Fiduciary

Fie

Fief

Field

Fielded

Field-Basil

Field-Bed

Field-Book

Field-Colors

Field-Duck

Fieldfare

Field-Marshal

Fieldmouse

Field-Officer

Field-Piece

Field-Preacher

Field-Preaching

Fieldroom

Field-Sports

Field-Staff

Field-Works

Fieldy

Fiend

Fiendful

Fiendlike

Fierce

Fiercely

Fierce-Minded

Fierceness

Fieri Facias

Fieriness

Fiery

Fife

Fife

Fifer

Fifteen

Fifteenth

Fifteenth

Fifth

Fifth

Fifthly

Fiftieth

Fifty

Fig

Fig

Fig-Apple

Fig-Gnat

Fig-Leaf

Fig-Marigold

Fig-Pecker

Fig-Tree

Fig-Wort

Fight

Fight

Fight

Fighter

Fighting

Fighting

Figment

Figulate

Figurability

Figurable

Figural

Figurate

Figurated

Figuration

Figurative

Figuratively

Figure

Figure

Figure

Figure-Caster

Figure-Stone

Figured

Figuring

Filaceous

Filacer

Filament

Filamentous

Filanders

Filatory

Filbert

Filch

Filched

Filcher

Filching

Filchingly

File

File

File

File

File

File-Cutter

Filed

File-Leader

Filemot

Filer

Filial

Filiation

Filiform

Filigrane

Filigraned

Filing

Filings

Fill

Fill

Fill

Fillagree

Filled

Filler

Fillet

Fillet

Fillibeg

Filling

Filling

Fillip

Fillip

Filly

Film

Film

Filmy

Filter

Filter

Filter

Filter

Filtered

Filtering

Filth

Filthily

Filthiness

Filthy

Filtrate

Filtration

Fimble-Hemp

Fimbriate

Fimbriate

Fimbriated

Fin

Fin

Finable

Final

Finally

Finance

Finances

Financial

Financially

Financier

Finary

Finch

Find

Finder

Findfault

Findfaulting

Finding

Finding

Findy

Fine

Fine

Fine

Fine

Finedraw

Finedrawer

Finedrawing

Finefingered

Finespoken

Finespun

Finestill

Finestiller

Finestilling

Fined

Fineless

Finely

Fineness

Finer

Finery

Finess

Finess

Finessing

Fin-Fish

Fin-Footed

Finger

Finger

Finger

Finger-Board

Fingered

Finger-Fern

Fingering

Fingering

Finger-Shell

Finger-Stone

Fingle-Fangle

Fingrigo

Finical

Finically

Finicalness

Fining

Fining-Pot

Finis

Finish

Finished

Finisher

Finishing

Finishing

Finite

Finitely

Finiteness

Finitude

Finless

Finlike

Finn

Finned

Finnikin

Finny

Fin-Toed

Finochio

Finscale

Fipple

Fir

Fir-Tree

Fire

Fire

Fire

Firearms

Fire-Arrow

Fireball

Firebare

Firebarrel

Firebavin

Fireblast

Firebote

Firebrand

Firebrick

Firebrush

Firebucket

Fireclay

Firecock

Fire-Company

Firecross

Fired

Firedamp

Firedrake

Fire-Engine

Fire-Escape

Fireflair

Firefly

Firehook

Firelock

Fireman

Firemaster

Firenew

Fire-Office

Fire-Ordeal

Firepan

Fireplace

Fireplug

Firepot

Firer

Fireship

Fireshovel

Fireside

Firestick

Firestone

Fireward

Firewood

Firework

Fireworker

Firing

Firing

Firing-Iron

Firk

Firkin

Firlot

Firm

Firm

Firm

Firmament

Firmamental

Firman

Firmed

Firming

Firmitude

Firmity

Firmless

Firmly

Firmness

First

First

First-Begotten

First-Born

First-Born

First-Created

First-Fruit

Firstling

Firstling

First-Rate

Fisc

Fiscal

Fiscal

Fish

Fish

Fish

Fish

Fisher

Fisherboat

Fisherman

Fishertown

Fishery

Fishful

Fishgig

Fishhook

Fishing

Fishing

Fishing-Frog

Fishing-Place

Fishkettle

Fishlike

Fishmarket

Fishmeal

Fishmonger

Fishpond

Fishroom

Fishspear

Fishwife

Fishwoman

Fishy

Fissile

Fissility

Fissiped

Fissiped

Fissure

Fissure

Fissured

Fist

Fist

Fisticuffs

Fistula

Fistular

Fistulate

Fistulate

Fistuliform

Fistulous

Fit

Fit

Fit

Fit

Fitch

Fitchet

Fitful

Fitly

Fitment

Fitness

Fitted

Fitter

Fitting

Fittingly

Fitz

Five

Fivebar

Fivecleft

Fivefold

Fiveleaf

Fiveleafed

Fivelobed

Fiveparted

Fives

Fives

Fivetoothed

Fivevalved

Fix

Fix

Fixable

Fixation

Fixed

Fixedly

Fixedness

Fixidity

Fixity

Fixture

Fixure

Fizgig

Fizz

Flabbiness

Flabby

Flaccid

Flaccidness

Flag

Flag

Flag

Flag

Flag

Flag

Flagbroom

Flagstone

Flagworm

Flagelet

Flagellant

Flagellate

Flagellation

Flagged

Flagginess

Flagging

Flaggy

Flagitious

Flagitiously

Flagitiousness

Flagon

Flagrancy

Flagrant

Flagrantly

Flagrate

Flagration

Flail

Flake

Flake

Flake

Flake-White

Flaky

Flam

Flam

Flambeau

Flame

Flame

Flame

Flamecolor

Flamecolored

Flameeyed

Flameless

Flamen

Flaming

Flaming

Flamingly

Flamingo

Flaminical

Flammability

Flammable

Flammation

Flammeous

Flammiferous

Flammivomous

Flamy

Flank

Flank

Flank

Flanked

Flanker

Flanker

Flannel

Flap

Flap

Flap

Flapdragon

Flapdragon

Flapeared

Flapjack

Flapmouthed

Flapped

Flapper

Flapping

Flare

Flaring

Flash

Flash

Flash

Flasher

Flashily

Flashing

Flashy

Flask

Flasket

Flat

Flat

Flat

Flat

Flat-Bottomed

Flative

Flatlong

Flatly

Flatness

Flat-Nosed

Flatted

Flatten

Flatten

Flattening

Flatter

Flatter

Flattered

Flatterer

Flattering

Flatteringly

Flattery

Flattish

Flatulence

Flatulent

Flatuosity

Flatuous

Flatus

Flatwise

Flaunt

Flaunt

Flaunting

Flavor

Flavor

Flavored

Flavorless

Flavorous

Flavous

Flaw

Flaw

Flawed

Flawing

Flawless

Flawn

Flawter

Flawy

Flax

Flaxcomb

Flaxdresser

Flaxplant

Flaxraiser

Flaxseed

Flaxen

Flaxy

Flay

Flayed

Flayer

Flaying

Flea

Fleabane

Fleabite

Fleabitten

Fleawort

Fleak

Fleam

Fleck

Flection

Flector

Fled

Fledge

Fledge

Fledged

Fledging

Flee

Fleece

Fleece

Fleeced

Fleeced

Fleecer

Fleecing

Fleecy

Fleer

Fleer

Fleer

Fleerer

Fleering

Fleet

Fleet

Fleet

Fleet

Fleet

Fleetfoot

Fleeting

Fleeting-Dish

Fleetly

Fleetness

Fleming

Flemish

Flesh

Flesh

Fleshbroth

Fleshbrush

Fleshcolor

Fleshcolored

Fleshdiet

Fleshed

Fleshfly

Fleshhook

Fleshiness

Fleshing

Fleshless

Fleshliness

Fleshly

Fleshmeat

Fleshment

Fleshmonger

Fleshpot

Fleshquake

Fleshy

Flet

Fletch

Fletcher

Fletz

Flew

Flew

Flewed

Flexanimous

Flexibility

Flexible

Flexibleness

Flexile

Flexion

Flexor

Flexuous

Flexure

Flicker

Flickering

Flickering

Flickermouse

Flier

Flight

Flightiness

Flight-Shot

Flighty

Flimflam

Flimsiness

Flimsy

Flinch

Flincher

Flinching

Flinder

Fling

Fling

Fling

Flinger

Flinging

Flint

Flint-Heart

Flinty

Flip

Flipdog

Flippancy

Flippant

Flippantly

Flippantness

Flirt

Flirt

Flirt

Flirt

Flirtation

Flirted

Flirting

Flit

Flit

Flitch

Flitter

Flitter

Flittermouse

Flittiness

Flitting

Flitting

Flitty

Flix

Flixweed

Flo

Float

Float

Float

Floatage

Float-Board

Floated

Floater

Floating

Floating-Bridge

Floatstone

Floaty

Flocculence

Flocculent

Flock

Flock

Flocking

Flog

Flogged

Flogging

Flogging

Flood

Flood

Flooded

Floodgate

Flooding

Flooding

Flood-Mark

Flook

Flooking

Floor

Floor

Flooed

Flooring

Flooring

Floor-Timbers

Flop

Flora

Floral

Floren

Florence

Florentine

Florescence

Floret

Florid

Floridity

Floridness

Floriferous

Florification

Florin

Florist

Florulent

Floscular

Floscule

Flos Ferri

Floss

Flossification

Flota

Flotage

Flote

Flotilla

Flotsam

Flotten

Flounce

Flounce

Flounce

Flounder

Flounder

Floundering

Flour

Flour

Floured

Flouring

Flourish

Flourish

Flourish

Flourished

Flourisher

Flourishing

Flourishingly

Flout

Flout

Flout

Flouted

Flouter

Flouting

Floutingly

Flow

Flow

Flow

Flowed

Flower

Flower

Flower

Flower-De-Lis

Flowered

Floweret

Flower-Fence

Flower-Garden

Flower-Gentle

Floweriness

Flowering

Flowering

Flower-Inwoven

Flower-Kirtled

Flowerless

Flower-Stalk

Flowery

Flowing

Flowing

Flowingly

Flowingness

Flowk

Flown

Fluate

Fluctuant

Fluctuate

Fluctuating

Fluctuation

Fluder

Flue

Flue

Fluellen

Fluence

Fluency

Fluent

Fluent

Fluently

Flugelman

Fluid

Fluid

Fluidity

Fluidness

Fluke

Fluke

Fluke-Worm

Flume

Flummery

Flung

Fluoborate

Fluoboric

Fluor

Fluor-Acid

Fluorated

Fluoric

Fluorin

Fluorous

Fluosilicate

Fluosilicic

Flurry

Flurry

Flush

Flush

Flush

Flush

Flushed

Flusher

Flushing

Flushing

Fluster

Fluster

Fluster

Flustered

Flute

Flute

Flute

Fluted

Fluting

Fluting

Flutist

Flutter

Flutter

Flutter

Fluttered

Fluttering

Fluttering

Fluviatic

Fluviatile

Flux

Flux

Flux

Fluxation

Fluxed

Fluxibility

Fluxible

Fluxility

Fluxion

Fluxionary

Fluxionist

Fluxive

Fluxure

Fly

Fly

Fly

Flybane

Flybitten

Flyblow

Flyblow

Flyboat

Flycatcher

Flyer

Flyfish

Flyfishing

Flyflap

Fly-Honeysuckle

Flying

Flying-Bridge

Flying-Fish

Flying-Party

Flying-Pinion

Flytrap

Flytree

Foal

Foal

Foal

Foalbit

Foalfoot

Foam

Foam

Foam

Foaming

Foamingly

Foamy

Fob

Fob

Fobbed

Fobbing

Focal

Focil

Focus

Fodder

Fodder

Foddered

Fodderer

Foddering

Fodient

Foe

Foe

Foehood

Foelike

Foeman

Foetus

Fog

Fog

Fogbank

Foggage

Fogginess

Foggy

Foh

Foible

Foible

Foil

Foil

Foil

Foil

Foiled

Foiler

Foiling

Foiling

Foin

Foin

Foining

Foiningly

Foison

Foist

Foist

Foisted

Foister

Foistied

Foistiness

Foisting

Foisty

Fold

Fold

Fold

Fold

Foldage

Folded

Folder

Folding

Folding

Foliaceous

Foliage

Foliage

Foliaged

Foliate

Foliate

Foliated

Foliating

Foliation

Foliature

Folier

Foliferous

Folio

Foliole

Foliomort

Folious

Folk

Folkland

Folkmote

Follicle

Folliculous

Folliful

Follow

Follow

Followed

Follower

Following

Folly

Fomahant

Foment

Fomentation

Fomented

Fomenter

Fomenting

Fon

Fond

Fond

Fond

Fondle

Fondled

Fondler

Fondling

Fondling

Fondly

Fondness

Font

Font

Fontal

Fontanel

Fontange

Food

Food

Foodful

Foodless

Foody

Fool

Fool

Fool

Fool

Foolborn

Fooled

Foolery

Foolhappy

Foolhardiness

Foolhardise

Foolhardy

Fooling

Foolish

Foolishly

Foolishness

Foolscap

Fools-Parsley

Foolstones

Fooltrap

Foot

Foot

Foot

Football

Footband

Footboy

Footbreadth

Footbridge

Footcloth

Footed

Footed

Footfall

Footfight

Footguards

Foothalt

Foothold

Foothot

Footing

Footing

Footlicker

Footman

Footmanship

Footmantle

Footpace

Footpad

Footpath

Footplow

Footpost

Footrope

Footrot

Footsoldier

Footstall

Footstep

Footstool

Foot-Waling

Fop

Fopdoodle

Fopling

Foppery

Foppish

Foppishly

Foppishness

For

For

Forage

Forage

Forage

Forager

Foraging

Foraging

Foraminous

For

Forbad

Forbathe

Forbear

Forbear

Forbearance

Forbearer

Forbearing

Forbearing

Forbid

Forbid

Forbiddance

Forbiddenly

Forbiddenness

Forbidder

Forbidding

Forbidding

Forbore

Forborne

Force

Force

Force

Forced

Forcedly

Forcedness

Forceful

Forcefully

Forceless

Forcemeat

Forceps

Forcer

Forcible

Forcibleness

Forcibly

Forcing

Forcing

Forcipated

Ford

Ford

Fordable

Forded

Fording

Fordo

Fore

Fore

Foreadmonish

Foreadvise

Forealledge

Foreappoint

Foreappointment

Forearm

Forebode

Forebodement

Foreboder

Foreboding

Foreboding

Forebrace

Foreby

Forecast

Forecast

Forecast

Forecaster

Forecasting

Forecastle

Forechosen

Forecited

Foreclose

Foreclosure

Foreconceive

Foredate

Foredated

Foredeck

Foredesign

Fore-Determine

Foredoom

Foredoom

Foredoor

Fore-End

Forefather

Forefend

Forefinger

Foreflow

Forefoot

Forefront

Foregame

Forego

Foregoer

Foregoing

Foregone

Foreground

Foreguess

Forehand

Forehand

Forehanded

Forehead

Forhead-Bald

Forehear

Forehend

Forehew

Foreholding

Forehook

Forehorse

Foreign

Foreigner

Foreignness

Fore-Imagine

Forejudge

Forejudgment

Foreknow

Foreknowable

Foreknower

Foreknowledge

Forel

Foreland

Forelay

Foreleader

Forelend

Forelock

Forelook

Foreman

Foremast

Foremeant

Forementioned

Foremost

Foremother

Forenamed

Forenoon

Forenotice

Forensic

Foreordain

Foreordination

Forepart

Forepast

Fore-Possessed

Foreprize

Forepromised

Forequoted

Forerank

Forereach

Foreread

Forereading

Forerecited

Foreremembered

Foreright

Foreright

Forerun

Forerunner

Foresaid

Foresail

Foresay

Foresaying

Foresee

Foreseeing

Foreseen

Foreseer

Foreseize

Foreshadow

Foreshame

Foreshew

Foreship

Foreshorten

Foreshortening

Foreshow

Foreshower

Foreshrouds

Foreside

Foresight

Foresightful

Foresignify

Foreskin

Foreskirt

Foreslack

Foreslow

Foreslow

Forespeak

Forespeaking

Forespeech

Forespent

Forespurrer

Forest

Forest

Forestaff

Forestage

Forestall

Forestalled

Forestaller

Forestalling

Forestalling

Forestay

Forested

Forester

Foreswat

Foretackle

Foretaste

Foretaste

Foretasted

Foretaster

Foretasting

Foreteach

Foretell

Foretell

Foreteller

Foretelling

Forethink

Forethink

Forethought

Forethought

Foretoken

Foretoken

Foretooth

Foretop

Foretop-Mast

Forevouched

Foreward

Forewarn

Forewarned

Forewarning

Forewarning

Forewend

Forewish

Forewoman

Foreworn

Forfeit

Forfeit

Forfeit

Forfeitable

Forfeited

Forfeiting

Forfeiture

Forfex

Forgave

Forge

Forge

Forged

Forger

Forgery

Forget

Forgetful

Forgetfulness

Forgetter

Forgetting

Forgetting

Forgettingly

Forgivable

Forgive

Forgiven

Forgiveness

Forgiver

Forgiving

Forgot

Forhail

Forinsecal

Forisfamiliate

Forisfamiliation

Fork

Fork

Fork

Forked

Forkedly

Forkedness

Forkhead

Forktail

Forky

Forlore

Forlorn

Forlorn

Forlornness

Forlye

Form

Form

Form

Formal

Formalism

Formalist

Formality

Formalize

Formalize

Formally

Formation

Formative

Formed

Formedon

Former

Former

Formerly

Formful

Formiate

Formic

Formication

Formidable

Formidableness

Formidably

Formless

Formula

Formulary

Formulary

Fornicate

Fornicate

Fornication

Fornicator

Fornicatress

Forpass

Forpine

Forray

Forray

Forsake

Forsaker

Forsaken

Forsaking

Forsaking

Forsay

Forslack

Forsooth

Forster

Forswear

Forswear

Forswearer

Forswearing

Forswonk

Forswore

Forsworn

Forswornness

Fort

Forte

Forted

Forth

Forth

Forth-Coming

Forthink

Forth-Issuing

Forthright

Forthright

Forthward

Forthwith

Forthy

Fortieth

Fortifiable

Fortification

Fortifier

Fortify

Fortify

Fortilage

Fortin

Fortitude

Fortlet

Fortnight

Fortress

Fortress

Fortressed

Fortuitous

Fortuitously

Fortuitousness

Fortunate

Fortunately

Fortunateness

Fortune

Fortune

Fortune

Fortunebook

Fortuned

Fortune-Hunter

Fortuneless

Fortunetell

Fortuneteller

Fortunetelling

Fortunetelling

Fortunize

Forty

Forum

Forwander

Forward

Forward

Forward

Forwarded

Forwarder

Forwarding

Forwardly

Forwardness

Forwaste

Forweary

Forweep

Forword

Foss

Fossil

Fossil

Fossil-Copal

Fossilist

Fossilization

Fossilize

Fossilize

Fossilized

Fossilizing

Fossilogy

Fossroad

Foster

Foster

Fosterage

Foster-Brother

Foster-Child

Foster-Dam

Foster-Earth

Fostered

Fosterer

Foster-Father

Fostering

Fostering

Fosterling

Fosterment

Foster-Mother

Foster-Nurse

Foster-Sister

Foster-Son

Fostress

Fother

Fother

Fothering

Fothering

Fougade

Fought

Foughten

Foul

Foul

Foulder

Fouled

Foulfaced

Foulfeeding

Fouling

Foully

Foulmouthed

Foulness

Foulspoken

Foumart

Found

Found

Found

Foundation

Foundationless

Founded

Founder

Founder

Founder

Foundered

Founderous

Foundery

Foundling

Foundress

Fount

Fountain-Head

Fountainless

Fountain-Tree

Fountful

Four

Fourbe

Fourfold

Fourfold

Fourfooted

Fourrier

Fourscore

Foursquare

Fourteen

Fourteenth

Fourth

Fourth

Fourthly

Fourwheeled

Fovilla

Fowl

Fowl

Fowler

Fowling

Fowling

Fowlingpiece

Fox

Fox

Foxcase

Foxchase

Foxery

Foxevil

Foxglove

Foxhound

Foxhunt

Foxhunter

Foxish

Foxship

Foxtail

Foxtrap

Foxy

Foy

Fracas

Fract

Fraction

Fractional

Fractious

Fractiously

Fractiousness

Fracture

Fracture

Fractured

Fracturing

Fragile

Fragility

Fragment

Fragmentary

Fragor

Fragrance

Fragrant

Fragrantly

Frail

Frail

Frailness

Frailty

Fraischeur

Fraise

Frame

Frame

Frame

Framework

Framed

Framer

Framing

Frampold

Franchise

Franchise

Franchisement

Francic

Franciscan

Franciscan

Frangibility

Frangible

Franion

Frank

Frank

Frank

Frank

Frankalmoigne

Frankchase

Franked

Frankfee

Frankincense

Franking

Franklaw

Franklin

Franklinite

Frankly

Frankmarriage

Frankness

Frankpledge

Franktenement

Frantic

Franticly

Franticness

Frap

Fraternal

Fraternally

Fraternity

Fraternization

Fraternize

Fratricide

Fraud

Fraudful

Fraudfully

Fraudulence

Fraudulent

Fraudulently

Fraught

Fraught

Fraught

Fraughtage

Fray

Fray

Fray

Frayed

Fraying

Fraying

Freak

Freak

Freakish

Freakishly

Freakishness

Freckle

Freckled

Freckledness

Frecklefaced

Freckly

Fred

Free

Free

Freebench

Freebooter

Freebooting

Freeborn

Freechapel

Freecost

Freed

Freedenizen

Freedman

Freedom

Freefishery

Freefooted

Freehearted

Freeheartedness

Freehold

Freeholder

Freeing

Freely

Freeman

Freemason

Freeminded

Freeness

Freeschool

Freespoken

Freestone

Freethinker

Freethinking

Freetongued

Freewarren

Freewill

Freewoman

Freeze

Freeze

Freeze

Freight

Freight

Freighted

Freighter

Freighting

Freisleben

Fren

French

French

French-Horn

Frenchify

Frenchlike

Frenetic

Frenzied

Frenzy

Frequence

Frequency

Frequent

Frequent

Frequentable

Frequentation

Frequentative

Frequented

Frequenter

Frequently

Frequentness

Fresco

Fresh

Fresh

Freshen

Freshen

Freshened

Freshes

Freshet

Freshly

Freshman

Freshmanship

Freshness

Freshnew

Freshwater

Freshwatered

Fret

Fret

Fret

Fret

Fret

Fretful

Fretfully

Fretfulness

Frett

Fretted

Fretter

Fretting

Fretting

Fretty

Fretum

Fretwork

Friability

Friable

Friar

Friarlike

Friarly

Friars-Cowl

Friars-Lantern

Friary

Friary

Fribble

Fribble

Fribble

Fribbler

Friborg

Fricace

Fricassee

Fricassee

Frication

Friction

Friday

Fridge

Frid-Stole

Friend

Friend

Friended

Friendless

Friendlike

Friendliness

Friendly

Friendly

Friendship

Frieze

Friezed

Friezelike

Frigate

Frigate-Built

Frigatoon

Frigefaction

Fright

Fright

Frighted

Frightful

Frightfully

Frightfulness

Frigid

Frigidity

Frigidly

Frigidness

Frigorific

Frill

Frill

Frim

Fringe

Fringe

Fringed

Fringemaker

Fringing

Fringy

Fripperer

Frippery

Friseur

Frisk

Frisk

Frisk

Friskal

Frisker

Frisket

Friskful

Friskiness

Frisking

Frisky

Frit

Frith

Frith

Frithy

Fritillary

Fritter

Fritter

Frivolity

Frivolous

Frivolousness

Frivolously

Friz

Frized

Frizing

Frizzle

Frizzled

Frizzler

Frizzling

Fro

Frock

Frog

Frogbit

Frogfish

Froggrass

Froggy

Froise

Frolick

Frolick

Frolick

Frolickly

Frolicksome

Frolicksomeness

From

Fromward

Frond

Frondation

Frondescence

Frondiferous

Frondous

Front

Front

Front

Frontal

Frontbox

Fronted

Frontier

Frontier

Frontiered

Frontinac

Frontispiece

Frontless

Frontlet

Frontroom

Froppish

Frore

Frorne

Frory

Frost

Frost

Frostbitten

Frosted

Frostily

Frostiness

Frosting

Frosting

Frostless

Frostnail

Frostwork

Frosty

Froth

Froth

Froth

Frothily

Frothiness

Frothy

Frounce

Frounce

Frounce

Frounced

Frounceless

Frouncing

Frouzy

Frow

Froward

Frowardly

Frowardness

Frower

Frown

Frown

Frown

Frowning

Frowningly

Frowy

Frozen

F. R. S.

Frubish

Fructed

Fructescence

Fructiferous

Fructification

Fructify

Fructify

Fructuation

Fructuous

Fructure

Frugal

Frugality

Frugally

Frugiferous

Frugivorous

Fruit

Fruit

Fruitage

Fruitbearer

Fruitbearing

Fruiterer

Fruitery

Fruitful

Fruitfully

Fruitfulness

Fruit-Grove

Fruition

Fruitive

Fruitless

Fruitlessly

Fruitlessness

Fruit-Loft

Fruit-Time

Fruit-Tree

Frumentaceous

Frumentarious

Frumentation

Frumenty

Frump

Frump

Frush

Frush

Frustrable

Frustraneous

Frustrate

Frustrate

Frustrated

Frustrating

Frustration

Frustrative

Frustratory

Frustum

Frutescent

Frutex

Fruticant

Fruticous

Fry

Fry

Fry

Frying

Fryingpan

Fub

Fub

Fucate

Fucus

Fudder

Fuddle

Fuddle

Fuddled

Fuddling

Fudge

Fuel

Fuel

Fueled

Fueler

Fueling

Fugacious

Fugaciousness

Fugacity

Fugh

Fugitive

Fugitive

Fugitiveness

Fugue

Fuguist

Fulciment

Fulcrate

Fulcrum

Fulfill

Fulfilled

Fulfiller

Fulfilling

Fulfillment

Fulfraught

Fulgency

Fulgent

Fulgid

Fulgor

Fulgurant

Fulgurate

Fulguration

Fuliginosity

Fuliginous

Fuliginously

Fulimart

Full

Full

Full

Full-Acorned

Full-Bloomed

Full-Blown

Full-Bottom

Full-Bottomed

Full-Butt

Full-Charged

Full-Crammed

Full-Dressed

Full-Drive

Full-Eared

Full-Eyed

Full-Faced

Full-Fed

Full-Fraught

Full-Gorged

Full-Grown

Full-Hearted

Full-Hot

Full-Laden

Full-Manned

Full-Mouthed

Full-Orbed

Full-Spread

Full-Stomached

Full-Stuffed

Full-Summed

Full-Winged

Full

Fullage

Fulled

Fuller

Fullers-Earth

Fullers-Thistle

Fullery

Fulling

Fulling

Fullingmill

Fullness

Fullsome

Fullsomely

Fullsomeness

Fully

Fulmar

Fulminant

Fulminate

Fulminate

Fulminating

Fulmination

Fulminatory

Fulmine

Fulminic

Fulsome

Fulsomely

Fulsomeness

Fulvid

Fulvous

Fumado

Fumatory

Fumble

Fumble

Fumbler

Fumbling

Fumblingly

Fume

Fume

Fume

Fumet

Fumid

Fumigate

Fumigated

Fumigating

Fumigation

Fuming

Fumingly

Fumish

Fumiter

Fumous

Fun

Funambulatory

Funambulist

Function

Functionally

Functionary

Fund

Fund

Fundament

Fundamental

Fundamental

Fundamentally

Funded

Funding

Funebrial

Funeral

Funeral

Funeration

Funereal

Fungate

Fungic

Fungiform

Fungin

Fungite

Fungosity

Fungous

Fungus

Funicle

Funicular

Funk

Funnel

Funnelform

Funny

Funny

Fur

Fur

Fur-Wrought

Furacious

Furacity

Furbelow

Furbelow

Furbish

Furbished

Furbisher

Furbishing

Furcate

Furcation

Furdle

Furfur

Furfuraceous

Furious

Furiously

Furiousness

Furl

Furled

Furling

Furlong

Furlow

Furlow

Furmenty

Furnace

Furnace

Furniment

Furnish

Furnished

Furnisher

Furnishing

Furniture

Furred

Furrier

Furriery

Furring

Furrow

Furrow

Furrowfaced

Furrowweed

Furry

Further

Further

Further

Furtherance

Furthered

Furtherer

Furthermore

Furthest

Furthest

Furtive

Furuncle

Fury

Furylike

Furz

Furzy

Fuscite

Fuscous

Fuse

Fuse

Fused

Fusee

Fusee

Fusibility

Fusible

Fusiform

Fusil

Fusil

Fusileer

Fusion

Fuss

Fust

Fust

Fust

Fusted

Fusted

Fustian

Fustian

Fustianist

Fustic

Fustigation

Fustiness

Fusty

Futile

Futility

Futilous

Futtock

Future

Future

Futurely

Futurition

Futurity

Fuzz

Fuzz

Fuzzball

Fuzzle

Fy

G

G

Ga

Gab

Gabardine

Gabble

Gabble

Gabbler

Gabbling

Gabbro

Gabel

Gabeler

Gabion

Gable

Gabrielites

Gabronite

Gad

Gad

Gadder

Gadding

Gadfly

Gadolinite

Gadwall

Gaelic

Gaelic

Gaff

Gaffer

Gaffle

Gag

Gag

Gage

Gage

Gaged

Gager

Gagger

Gaggle

Gaggling

Gaging

Gahnite

Gaily

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gain

Gainable

Gainage

Gained

Gainer

Gainful

Gainfully

Gainfulness

Gaingiving

Gainless

Gainlessness

Gainly

Gainsay

Gainsayer

Gainsaying

Gainst

Gainstand

Gainstrive

Gainstrive

Gairish

Gairishness

Gait

Gaiter

Gala

Galactite

Galage

Galanga

Galangal

Galatians

Galaxy

Galban

Gale

Gale

Galea

Galeas

Galeated

Galeeto

Galena

Galenic

Galenism

Galenist

Galerite

Galilean

Galimatia

Galiot

Galipot

Gall

Gallbladder

Gallsickness

Gallstone

Gall

Gall

Gall

Gall

Gallant

Gallant

Gallant

Gallantly

Gallantness

Gallantry

Gallate

Galleass

Galled

Galleon

Gallery

Galletyle

Galley

Galleyfoist

Galley-Slave

Gallfly

Galliard

Galliard

Galliardise

Galliardness

Gallic

Gallic

Gallican

Gallicism

Galligaskins

Gallimaufry

Gallinaceous

Galling

Gallinule

Galliot

Gallipot

Gallitzinite

Gallivat

Gallless

Gallon

Galloon

Gallop

Gallop

Galloper

Gallopin

Gallow

Galloway

Gallowglass

Gallows

Gallowsfree

Gallowtree

Gally

Gally

Gally-Worm

Galo&Ctilde;He

Galsome

Galvanic

Galvanism

Galvanist

Galvanize

Galvanologist

Galvanology

Galvanometer

Gamashes

Gambadoes

Gambet

Gamble

Gamble

Gambler

Gambling

Gamboge

Gambol

Gambol

Gamboling

Gambrel

Gambrel

Game

Game

Gamecock

Game-Egg

Gamekeeper

Gamesome

Gamesomeness

Gamesomely

Gamester

Gaming

Gaming

Gaming-House

Gaming-Table

Gammer

Gammon

Gammon

Gammon

Gammut

Gan

Ganch

Gander

Gang

Gang

Gangboard

Gangdays

Ganghon

Ganglion

Gangrenate

Gangrene

Gangrene

Gangrene

Gangrenescent

Gangrenous

Gangue

Gangway

Gangweek

Ganil

Gannet

Gantlet

Gantlope

Ganza

Gaol

Gaol

Gaoldelivery

Gaoler

Gap

Gape

Gape

Gaper

Gaping

Gaptoothed

Gar

Garagay

Garb

Garbage

Garbaged

Garbel

Garble

Garbled

Garbler

Garbles

Grbling

Garboard

Garboil

Gard

Garden

Garden

Gardener

Gardening

Gardening

Garden-Plot

Garden-Stuff

Garden-Ware

Gardon

Gare

Gargarism

Gargarize

Garget

Gargil

Gargle

Gargle

Garglion

Gargol

Garish

Garland

Garland

Garlic

Garliceater

Garlicpear-Tree

Garment

Garner

Garner

Garnet

Garnish

Garnish

Garnished

Garnishee

Garnishing

Garnishment

Garniture

Garous

Garran

Garret

Garreted

Garreteer

Garrison

Garrison

Garrulity

Garrulous

Garter

Garter

Garterfish

Garth

Gas

Gascon

Gasconade

Gasconade

Gaseous

Gash

Gash

Gashed

Gashful

Gashing

Gasification

Gasified

Gasify

Gasifying

Gasket

Gaskins

Gaslight

Gasometer

Gasometry

Gasp

Gasp

Gasp

Gasping

Gast

Gastness

Gastric

Gastriloquist

Gastrocele

Gastromancy

Gastroraphy

Gastrotomy

Gat

Gate

Gated

Gatevein

Gateway

Gather

Gather

Gatherable

Gathered

Gatherer

Gathering

Gathering

Gathers

Gattertree

Gat-Toothed

Gaud

Gaud

Gauded

Gaudery

Gaudily

Gaudiness

Gaudy

Gaudy

Gauge

Gauge

Gauged

Gauger

Gauging

Gauging

Gauging-Rod

Gaul

Gaulish

Gaunt

Gauntly

Gauntlet

Gauze

Gauzeloom

Gauzy

Gave

Gavel

Gavel

Gavel

Gavelet

Gavelkind

Gavelock

Gavilan

Gavot

Gawby

Gawk

Gawky

Gawky

Gay

Gay

Gayety

Gayly

Gayness

Gaysome

Gaze

Gaze

Gaze

Gazeful

Gazehound

Gazel

Gazement

Gazer

Gazette

Gazette

Gazetted

Gazetteer

Gazing

Gazingstock

Gazon

Geal

Gear

Gear

Geared

Gearing

Geason

Geat

Geck

Geck

Gee

Geese

Geest

Gehenna

Gehlenite

Gelable

Gelatin

Gelatin

Gelatinate

Gelatinate

Gelatination

Gelatinize

Geld

Geld

Gelded

Gelder

Gelder-Rose

Gelding

Gelding

Gelid

Gelidness

Gelly

Gelt

Gelt

Gelt

Gem

Gem

Gem

Gemara

Gemaric

Gemel

Gemelliparous

Geminate

Gemination

Gemini

Geminous

Geminy

Gemmary

Gemmation

Gemmeous

Gemmiparous

Gemmule

Gemmy

Gemote

Gemsbok

Gendarm

Gendarmery

Gender

Gender

Gender

Genealogical

Genealogist

Genealogize

Genealogy

Generable

General

General

Generalissimo

Generality

Generalization

Generalize

Generally

Generalness

Generalship

Generalty

Generant

Generate

Generated

Generating

Generation

Generative

Generator

Generic

Generically

Generosity

Generous

Generously

Generousness

Genesis

Genet

Genethliacal

Genethliacs

Genethliatic

Geneva

Genevanism

Genevois

Genial

Genially

Geniculated

Geniculation

Genii

Genio

Genital

Genitals

Geniting

Genitive

Genitor

Geniture

Genius

Gent

Genteel

Genteelly

Genteelness

Gentian

Gentil

Gentile

Gentile

Gentilesse

Gentilish

Gentilism

Gentilitious

Gentility

Gentilize

Gentle

Gentle

Gentle

Gentlefolk

Gentleman

Gentlemanlike

Gentlemanliness

Gentleness

Gentleship

Gentlewoman

Gently

Gentoo

Gentry

Genuflection

Genuine

Genuinely

Genuineness

Genus

Geocentric

Geode

Geodesy

Geodetic

Geognost

Geognostic

Geognosy

Geogony

Geographer

Geographic

Geographically

Geography

Geological

Geologist

Geology

Geomancer

Geomancy

Geomantic

Geometer

Geometral

Geometric

Geometrically

Geometrician

Geometrize

Geometry

Geoponic

Geoponics

Georama

George

George-Noble

Georgic

Georgic

Georgium Sidus

Geoscopy

Geranium

Gerent

Gerfalcon

Germ

German

German

German

Germander

Germanic

Germanism

Germen

Germinal

Germinant

Germinate

Germinate

Germination

Gerocomical

Gerocomy

Gerund

Gesling

Gest

Gestation

Gestatory

Gestic

Gesticulate

Gesticulate

Gesticulation

Gesticulator

Gesticulatory

Gesture

Gesture

Get

Get

Getter

Getting

Getting

Gewgaw

Gewgaw

Ghastful

Ghastfully

Ghastliness

Ghastly

Ghastness

Gherkin

Ghess

Ghost

Ghost

Ghost

Ghostlike

Ghostliness

Ghostly

Giallolino

Giambeaux

Giant

Giant

Giantess

Giantie

Giant-Killing

Giantlike

Giantry

Giantship

Gib

Gib

Gibbe

Gibber

Gibberish

Gibberish

Gibbet

Gibbet

Gibbeted

Gibbeting

Gibbier

Gibbosity

Gibbous

Gibbously

Gibbousness

Gibbsite

Gibcat

Gibe

Gibe

Gibe

Gibeline

Giber

Gibing

Gibingly

Giblets

Gibstaff

Giddily

Giddiness

Giddy

Giddy

Giddy

Giddy-Brained

Giddy-Head

Giddy-Headed

Giddy-Paced

Gie

Gier-Eagle

Gieseckite

Gif

Gift

Gift

Gifted

Giftedness

Gifting

Gig

Gig

Gigantean

Gigantic

Gigantology

Giggle

Giggle

Giggler

Giglet

Giglot

Gigot

Gilbertine

Gilbertine

Gild

Gilded

Gilder

Gilding

Gilding

Gill

Gill-Flap

Gill-Lid

Gill-Opening

Gill

Gill

Gill

Gillhouse

Gillian

Gillyflower

Gilse

Gilt

Gilt

Gilthead

Gilttail

Gim

Gimbal

Gimblet

Gimblet

Gimcrack

Gimmal

Gimmal

Gimmer

Gimp

Gimp

Gin

Gin

Gin

Gin

Ginger

Gingerbread

Gingerly

Gingerness

Gingham

Ginging

Gingival

Gingle

Gingle

Gingle

Ginglymoid

Ginglymus

Ginnet

Ginseng

Gip

Gipsey

Gipsey

Gipseyism

Giraff

Girandole

Girasol

Gird

Gird

Gird

Girded

Girder

Girding

Girding

Girdle

Girdle

Girdle-Belt

Girdler

Girdle-Stead

Gire

Girl

Girlhood

Girlish

Girlishly

Girrock

Girt

Girt

Girt

Girth

Gise

Gisle

Gist

Gith

Gittern

Gittern

Give

Give

Given

Giver

Gives

Giving

Giving

Gizzard

Glabriate

Glabrity

Glabrous

Glacial

Glaciate

Glaciation

Glacier

Glacious

Glacis

Glad

Glad

Gladden

Gladden

Gladder

Gladding

Glade

Glade

Gladen

Gladful

Gladfulness

Gladiate

Gladiator

Gladiatorial

Gladiatory

Gladiature

Gladiole

Gladly

Gladness

Gladsome

Gladsomely

Gladsomeness

Gladwin

Glair

Glair

Glairy

Glance

Glance

Glance

Glance-Coal

Glancing

Glancingly

Gland

Glandered

Glanders

Glandiferous

Glandiform

Glandular

Glandulation

Glandule

Glanduliferous

Glandulosity

Glandulous

Glare

Glare

Glare

Glareous

Glaring

Glaringly

Glass

Glass

Glass

Glassblower

Glassfull

Glassf?Rnace

Glass-Gazing

Glassgrinder

Glasshouse

Glassiness

Glasslike

Glassman

Glassmetal

Glasspot

Glasswork

Glassworks

Glasswort

Glassy

Glauberite

Glauber-Salt

Glaucoma

Glaucous

Glave

Glaver

Glaverer

Glaze

Glazed

Glazier

Glazing

Glazing

Gleam

Gleam

Gleaming

Gleaming

Gleamy

Glean

Glean

Glean

Gleaned

Gleaner

Gleaning

Gleaning

Glebe

Glebous

Gleby

Glede

Glee

Gleed

Gleeful

Gleek

Gleek

Gleeman

Gleen

Gleesome

Gleet

Gleet

Gleety

Glen

Glene

Glew

Gliadine

Glib

Glib

Glib

Glibly

Glibness

Glide

Glide

Glider

Gliding

Glimmer

Glimmer

Glimmering

Glimmering

Glimpse

Glimpse

Glissa

Glist

Glisten

Glistening

Glister

Glister

Glistering

Glisteringly

Glitter

Glitter

Glitterand

Glittering

Glitteringly

Gloam

Gloar

Gloat

Globate

Globe

Globe

Globe-Amaranth

Globe-Animal

Globe-Daisy

Globe-Fish

Globe-Flower

Globe-Ranunculus

Globe-Thistle

Globose

Globosity

Globous

Globular

Globularia

Globule

Globulous

Globy

Glode

Glome

Glomerate

Glomerated

Glomerating

Glomeration

Glomerous

Gloom

Gloom

Gloom

Gloomily

Gloominess

Gloomy

Gloriation

Gloried

Glorification

Glorified

Glorify

Glorifying

Glorious

Gloriously

Glory

Glory

Glorying

Glorying

Glose

Gloss

Gloss

Gloss

Glossarial

Glossarist

Glossary

Glossator

Glossed

Glosser

Glossiness

Glossing

Glossist

Glossographer

Glossography

Glossologist

Glossology

Glossy

Glottis

Glout

Glout

Glove

Glove

Glover

Glow

Glow

Glow

Glowing

Glowingly

Glowworm

Gloze

Gloze

Glozer

Glozing

Glozing

Glucin

Glue

Glue

Glueboiler

Glued

Gluer

Gluey

Glueyness

Gluing

Gluish

Glum

Glum

Glumaceous

Glume

Glummy

Glumous

Glut

Glut

Gluteal

Gluten

Glutinate

Glutination

Glutinative

Glutinosity

Glutinous

Glutinousness

Glutton

Gluttonize

Gluttonous

Gluttonously

Gluttony

Glyconian

Glyn

Glyph

Glyphic

Glyptic

Glyptographic

Glyptography

Gnar

Gnarled

Gnash

Gnash

Gnashing

Gnashing

Gnat

Gnatflower

Gnatsnapper

Gnatworm

Gnaw

Gnaw

Gnawed

Gnawer

Gnawing

Gneiss

Gnoff

Gnome

Gnomical

Gnomiometrical

Gnomologic

Gnomology

Gnomon

Gnomonic

Gnomonics

Gnostic

Gnostic

Gnosticism

Gnu

Go

Go-Between

Go-By

Go-Cart

Goad

Goad

Goaded

Goading

Goal

Goar

Goarish

Goat

Goat-Chaffer

Goatfish

Goatherd

Goatish

Goat-Milker

Goats-Beard

Goatskin

Goatsrue

Goats-Stones

Goats-Thorn

Goat-Sucker

Gob

Gobbet

Gobbet

Gobble

Gobble

Gobbler

Goblet

Goblin

God

God

Godchild

Goddaughter

Goddess

Goddesslike

Godfather

Godfather

Godhead

Godless

Godlessness

Godlike

Godlily

Godliness

Godling

Godly

Godly

Godlyhead

Godmother

Godship

Godsmith

Godson

God Speed

Gods-Penny

Godward

Godwit

Godyeld

Goel

Goer

Goety

Goff

Goffish

Gog

Goggle

Goggle

Goggle

Goggled

Goggle-Eye

Goggle-Eyed

Goggles

Going

Going

Goiter

Goitrous

Gola

Gold

Gold

Goldbeaten

Goldbeater

Goldbound

Gold Coast

Golden

Golden-Cups

Golden-Lungwort

Goldenly

Golden-Maidenhair

Golden-Mouseear

Goldenrod

Goldenrod-Tree

Golden-Samphire

Golden-Saxifrage

Golden-Thistle

Goldfinch

Gold-Finder

Goldfish

Gold-Hammer

Gold-Hilted

Golding

Goldlace

Goldlaced

Goldleaf

Goldney

Gold-Pleasure

Gold-Proof

Gold-Size

Goldsmith

Goldthread

Goldwire

Goldylocks

Golf

Goll

Goloe-Shoe

Gom

Gondola

Gondolier

Gone

Gonfalon

Gonfalonier

Gong

Goniometer

Goniometrical

Gonorrhea

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good-Breeding

Good-By

Good-Conditioned

Good-Fellow

Good-Fellow

Good-Fellowship

Good-Friday

Good-Humor

Good-Humored

Good-Humoredly

Good-Manners

Good-Nature

Good-Natured

Good-Naturedly

Good-Now

Good-Speed

Good-Wife

Good-Will

Good-Woman

Goodless

Goodliness

Goodly

Goodly

Goodlyhead

Goodman

Goodness

Goods

Goodship

Goody

Goodyship

Googings

Goom

Goosander

Goose

Gooseberry

Goosecap

Goosefoot

Goosegrass

Gooseneck

Goosequill

Goosetongue

Goosewing

Goppish

Gor-Bellied

Gor-Belly

Gor-Cock

Gor-Crow

Gord

Gordian

Gore

Gore

Gore

Gored

Gorge

Gorge

Gorge

Gorged

Gorged

Gorgeous

Gorgeously

Gorgeousness

Gorget

Gorging

Gorgon

Gorgon

Gorgonean

Gor-Hen

Goring

Goring

Gormand

Gormandize

Gormandizer

Gormandizing

Gorse

Gory

Goshawk

Gosling

Gospel

Gospel

Gospel-Gossip

Gospelize

Gospelized

Gospelizing

Gospeller

Goss

Gossamer

Gossamery

Gossip

Gossip

Gossiping

Gossiping

Gossipred

Gossoon

Gosting

Got

Got

Goth

Gothamist

Gothic

Gothic

Gothicism

Gothicize

Goud

Gouge

Gouge

Gouland

Gourd

Gourdiness

Gourdy

Gourd-Tree

Gourmand

Gout

Gout

Goutiness

Goutswelled

Goutwort

Gouty

Govern

Govern

Governable

Governance

Governant

Governed

Governess

Governing

Government

Governmental

Governor

Governorship

Gowan

Gowk

Gown

Gowned

Gownman

Grab

Grab

Grabble

Grabbling

Grace

Grace

Gracecup

Graced

Graceful

Gracefully

Gracefulness

Graceless

Gracelessly

Graces

Gracile

Gracility

Gracious

Graciously

Graciousness

Grackle

Gradation

Gradatory

Gradatory

Grade

Gradient

Gradual

Gradual

Gradually

Graduate

Graduate

Graduate

Graduated

Graduateship

Graduating

Graduation

Graduator

Graff

Graff

Graft

Graft

Graft

Grafted

Grafter

Grafting

Grail

Grail

Grain

Grain

Grain

Grained

Grainer

Graining

Grains

Grainstaff

Grainy

Graith

Grallic

Gram

Gram

Gramercy

Gramineal

Graminivorous

Grammar

Grammar

Grammar

Grammar-School

Grammarian

Grammatical

Grammatically

Grammaticaster

Grammaticize

Grammatist

Grammatite

Grample

Grampus

Granadilla

Granade

Granary

Granate

Granatite

Grand

Grandam

Grandchild

Granddaughter

Grandee

Grandeeship

Grandeur

Grandevity

Grandevous

Grandfather

Grandiloquence

Grandiloquous

Grandinous

Grandity

Grandjuror

Grand Jury

Grandly

Grandmother

Grandness

Grandsire

Grandson

Grange

Granilite

Granit

Granitel

Granitic

Granitin

Granivorous

Grant

Grant

Grantable

Granted

Grantee

Granting

Grantor

Granular

Granulate

Granulate

Granulated

Granulating

Granulation

Granule

Granulous

Grape

Grape-Hyacinth

Grapeless

Grapeshot

Grapestone

Graphic

Graphically

Graphite

Grapholite

Graphometer

Graphometrical

Grapnel

Grapple

Grapple

Grapple

Grapplement

Grapy

Grasp

Grasp

Grasp

Grasped

Grasper

Grasping

Grass

Grass

Grass

Grassation

Grass-Green

Grass-Grown

Grasshopper

Grassiness

Grassless

Grassplot

Grasspoly

Grassvetch

Grasswrack

Grassy

Grate

Grate

Grate

Grate

Grate

Grated

Grateful

Gratefully

Gratefulness

Grater

Gratification

Gratified

Gratifier

Gratify

Gratifying

Grating

Grating

Gratingly

Gratis

Gratitude

Gratuitous

Gratuitously

Gratuity

Gratulate

Gratulated

Gratulating

Gratulation

Gratulatory

Grave

Grave

Grave

Grave

Grave-Clothes

Grave-Digger

Grave-Maker

Grave-Stone

Grave

Graved

Gravel

Gravel

Graveled

Graveless

Gravelly

Gravel-Walk

Gravely

Graveness

Graver

Gravid

Gravidated

Gravidation

Gravidity

Graving

Graving

Gravitate

Gravitating

Gravitation

Gravity

Gravy

Gray

Gray

Gray-Beard

Gray-Eyed

Grayfly

Gray-Haired

Gray-Headed

Grayhound

Grayish

Grayling

Grayness

Graywacke

Graze

Graze

Grazed

Grazer

Grazier

Grazing

Grease

Grease

Greased

Greasily

Greasiness

Greasing

Greasy

Great

Great

Great-Bellied

Greaten

Great-Hearted

Greatly

Greatness

Greave

Greaves

Grebe

Grecian

Grecian

Grecism

Grecize

Grecize

Gree

Gree

Greece

Greed

Greedily

Greediness

Greedy

Greek

Greek

Greekish

Greekling

Greekrose

Green

Green

Green

Greenbroom

Greencloth

Green-Crop

Green-Earth

Green-Eyed

Greenfinch

Greenfish

Greengage

Green-Grocer

Greenhaired

Greenhood

Greenhorn

Green-House

Greenish

Greenishness

Greenly

Greenness

Green-Sickness

Green-Stall

Greenstone

Green-Sward

Green-Weed

Greenwood

Greenwood

Greet

Greet

Greeted

Greeter

Greeting

Greeting

Greeze

Greffier

Gregal

Gregarian

Gregarious

Gregariously

Gregariousness

Gregorian

Greit

Greith

Greith

Gremial

Grenade

Grenadier

Grenatite

Grew

Grey

Greyhound

Grice

Griddle

Gride

Gridelin

Gridiron

Grief

Griefful

Griefshot

Grievable

Grievance

Grieve

Grieve

Grieved

Griever

Grieving

Grievingly

Grievous

Grievously

Grievousness

Griffon

Griffon-Like

Grig

Grill

Grill

Grilly

Grim

Grim-Faced

Grim-Grinning

Grim-Visaged

Grimace

Grimaced

Grimalkin

Grime

Grime

Grimly

Grimly

Grimness

Grimy

Grin

Grin

Grin

Grin

Grind

Grind

Grinder

Grinding

Grindstone

Grinner

Grinning

Grinningly

Grip

Grip

Grip

Grip

Gripe

Gripe

Gripe

Griper

Griping

Griping

Gripingly

Gripple

Grippleness

Gris

Grisamber

Grise

Grisette

Griskin

Grisly

Grisons

Grist

Gristle

Gristly

Gristmill

Grit

Grith

Gritstone

Grittiness

Gritty

Grizelin

Grizzle

Grizzled

Grizzly

Groan

Groan

Groanful

Groaning

Groaning

Groat

Groats

Groats-Worth

Grocer

Grocery

Grog

Grog-Blossom

Grogdrinker

Groggy

Grogram

Groin

Groin

Gromwell

Gromet

Groom

Groove

Groove

Groover

Grooving

Grope

Grope

Groper

Groping

Gross

Gross

Grossbeak

Gross-Headed

Grossly

Grossness

Grossular

Grossular

Grot

Grotesque

Grotesque

Grotesquely

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

Groundage

Ground-Angling

Ground-Ash

Ground-Bait

Ground-Floor

Ground-Ivy

Groundless

Groundlessly

Groundlessness

Groundling

Groundly

Ground-Nut

Ground-Oak

Ground-Pine

Ground-Plate

Ground-Plot

Ground-Rent

Ground-Room

Groundsel

Groundsel

Ground-Tackle

Groundwork

Group

Group

Grouped

Grouping

Grouping

Grouse

Grout

Grove

Grovel

Groveler

Groveling

Grovy

Grow

Grow

Grower

Growing

Growl

Growl

Growl

Growler

Growling

Grown

Growse

Growth

Growthead

Grub

Grub

Grub

Grubber

Grubbing-Hoe

Grubble

Grubstreet

Grudge

Grudge

Grudge

Grudgeons

Grudger

Grudging

Grudging

Grudgingly

Gruel

Gruff

Gruffly

Gruffness

Grum

Grumble

Grumbler

Grumbling

Grumbling

Grumblingly

Grume

Grumly

Grumous

Grumousness

Grundsel

Grunt

Grunt

Grunter

Grunting

Grunting

Gruntle

Gruntling

Grutch

Gry

Gryphite

Guaiacum

Guana

Guanaco

Guano

Guano

Guara

Guarantee

Guarantied

Guarantor

Guaranty

Guaranty

Guard

Guard

Guard

Guard-Boat

Guard-Chamber

Guard-Room

Guard-Ship

Guardable

Guardage

Guardant

Guarded

Guardedly

Guardedness

Guarder

Guardfu

Guardian

Guardian

Guardianess

Guardianship

Guarding

Guardless

Guardship

Guarish

Guava

Gubernate

Gubernation

Gubernative

Gubernatorial

Gudgeon

Guelf

Guerdon

Guerdon

Guerdonless

Guess

Guess

Guess

Guessed

Guesser

Guessing

Guessingly

Guest

Guest-Chamber

Guest-Rite

Guest-Rope

Guestwise

Guggle

Guhr

Guidable

Guidage

Guidance

Guide

Guide

Guided

Guideless

Guidepost

Guider

Guiding

Guidon

Guild

Guildable

Guilder

Guile

Guile

Guileful

Guilefully

Guilefulness

Guileless

Guilelessness

Guiler

Guillemot

Guillotin

Guillotin

Guills

Guilt

Guiltily

Guiltiness

Guiltless

Guiltlessly

Guiltlessness

Guilt-Sick

Guilty

Guinea

Guinea-Dropper

Guinea-Hen

Guinea-Pepper

Guinea-Pig

Guiniad

Guise

Guiser

Guitar

Gula

Gulaund

Gulch

Gulch

Gules

Gulf

Gulf-Indented

Gulfy

Gull

Gull

Gull

Gullcatcher

Gulled

Guller

Gullery

Gullet

Gullied

Gullish

Gullishness

Gully

Gully

Gully

Gullyhole

Gulosity

Gulp

Gulp

Gulph

Gum

Gum

Gum

Gum-Arabic

Gum-Boil

Gumlac

Gum-Resin

Gum-Senegal

Gum-Tragacanth

Gumminess

Gummosity

Gummous

Gummy

Gump

Gumption

Gun

Gun

Gun-Barrel

Gunboat

Gun-Carriage

Gunnel

Gunner

Gunnery

Gunning

Gunpowder

Gunroom

Gunshot

Gunshot

Gunsmith

Gunsmithery

Gunstick

Gunstock

Gunstone

Guntackle

Gunwale

Gurge

Gurge

Gurgion

Gurgle

Gurgling

Gurhofite

Gurnard

Gurrah

Gush

Gush

Gush

Gushing

Gusset

Gust

Gust

Gust

Gustable

Gustation

Gustful

Gustfulness

Gustless

Gusto

Gusty

Gut

Gut

Gutted

Gutter

Gutter

Gutter

Guttle

Guttle

Guttulous

Guttural

Guttural

Gutturally

Gutturalness

Gutturine

Gutty

Gutwort

Guy

Guzzle

Guzzle

Guzzle

Guzzler

Gybe

Gybe

Gybing

Gye

Gymnasium

Gymnastic

Gymnastic

Gymnastically

Gymnastics

Gymnic

Gymnic

Gymnosophist

Gymnosophy

Gymnosperm

Gymnospermous

Gyn

Gynander

Gynandrian

Gynarchy

Gypseous

Gypsum

Gypsey

Gyral

Gyration

Gyre

Gyred

Gyrfalcon

Gyromancy

Gyve

Gyve

H

H

Haak

Haberdasher

Haberdashery

Haberdine

Habergeon

Habile

Habiliment

Habilitate

Habilitation

Hability

Habit

Habit

Habit

Habitable

Habitableness

Habitably

Habitance

Habitancy

Habitant

Habitat

Habitation

Habitator

Habited

Habitual

Habitually

Habituate

Habituate

Habituated

Habituating

Habitude

Habnab

Hack

Hack

Hack

Hack

Hack

Hacked

Hacking

Hackle

Hackle

Hackly

Hackmatack

Hackney

Hackney

Hackney

Hackney-Coach

Hackney-Coachman

Hackneyed

Hackneying

Hackneyman

Hackster

Hacqueton

Had

Hadder

Haddock

Hade

Haft

Haft

Hafter

Hag

Hag

Hagard

Hagard

Hagardly

Hagborn

Haggard

Haggess

Haggle

Haggle

Haggled

Haggler

Haggling

Hagiographal

Hagiographer

Hagiography

Hagish

Hag-Ridden

Hagship

Haguebut

Hah

Hail

Hail

Hail

Hail

Hail

Hail

Hail

Hailed

Hailing

Hailshot

Hailstone

Haily

Hainous

Hainously

Hainousness

Hair

Hairbell

Hair-Brained

Hair-Breadth

Haircloth

Hairhung

Hairlace

Hairless

Hairiness

Hairpin

Hairpowder

Hair-Salt

Hairworm

Hairy

Hake

Hakot

Hal

Halberd

Halberdier

Halcyon

Halcyon

Halcyonian

Hale

Hale

Hale

Half

Half

Half

Halfblood

Half-Blooded

Half-Bred

Half-Cap

Half-Dead

Halfen

Halfer

Half-Faced

Half-Hatched

Half-Heard

Half-Learned

Half-Lost

Half-Mark

Half-Moon

Half-Part

Half-Pay

Half-Pay

Half-Penny

Half-Penny

Half-Penny-Worth

Half-Pike

Half-P&Ibar;Nt

Half-Read

Half-Scholar

Half-S&Ibar;Ghted

Half-Sphere

Half-Starved

Half-Strained

Half-Sword

Half-Way

Half-Way

Half-Wit

Half-Witted

Halibut

Halidom

Haling

Halituous

Hall

Halleluiah

Halliard

Hallier

Halloo

Halloo

Halloo

Hallooing

Hallow

Hallowed

Hallowing

Hallowmas

Hallucination

Halm

Halo

Halse

Halse

Halsening

Halser

Halt

Halt

Halt

Halt

Halter

Halter

Halter

Halting

Haltingly

Halve

Halved

Halves

Ham

Ham

Hamadryad

Hamate

Hamated

Hamble

Hame

Hamite

Hamlet

Hamleted

Hammer

Hammer

Hammer

Hammerable

Hammercloth

Hammered

Hammerer

Hammerhard

Hammering

Hammer-Man

Hammer-Wort

Hammite

Hammoc

Hamous

Hamper

Hamper

Hampered

Hampering

Hamster

Hamstring

Hamstring

Han

Hanaper

Hance

Haunce

Hances

Hand

Hand

Handball

Handbarrow

Handbasket

Handbell

Handbreadth

Handcloth

Handcuff

Handcuff

Handcraft

Handed

Handed

Hander

Handfast

Handfast

Handfast

Handfasting

Hand-Fetter

Handful

Handgallop

Handglass

Hand-Grenade

Handgun

Handicraft

Handicraftsman

Handily

Handiness

Handiwork

Handkerchief

Handlanguage

Handle

Handle

Handlead

Handled

Handless

Handling

Handmaid

Handmill

Handsails

Handsaw

Handscrew

Handsel

Handsel

Handsome

Handsome

Handsomely

Handsomeness

Handspike

Handstaff

Handvise

Handweapon

Handwriting

Handy

Handyblow

Handy-Dandy

Handygripe

Handystroke

Hang

Hang

Hang

Hangby

Hanged

Hanger

Hanger-on

Hanging

Hanging

Hanging-Sleeves

Hanging-Side

Hangman

Hangnest

Hank

Hank

Hanker

Hankering

Hankering

Hankle

Hant

Hanseatic

Hap

Hap

Hap-Hazard

Hapless

Haply

Happen

Happily

Happiness

Happy

Harangue

Harangue

Harangue

Haranguer

Haranguing

Harass

Harass

Harassed

Harasser

Harassing

Harbinger

Harbor

Harbor

Harbor

Harborage

Harbored

Harborer

Harboring

Harborless

Harbor-Master

Harborough

Harborous

Hard

Hard

Hard-Besetting

Hardbound

Hardearned

Harden

Harden

Hardened

Hardener

Hardening

Hardening

Hardfavored

Hardfavoredness

Hardfeatured

Hardfisted

Hardfought

Hardgotten

Hardhanded

Hardhead

Hardhearted

Hardheartedness

Hardihood

Hardily

Hardiness

Hard-Labored

Hardly

Hard-Mouthed

Hardness

Hardnibbed

Hardock

Hards

Hardship

Hardvisaged

Hardware

Hardwareman

Hardy

Har

Hare

Hare

Harebell

Harebrained

Harefoot

Harehearted

Harehound

Harehunter

Harehunting

Harelip

Harelipped

Haremint

Harepipe

Hares-Ear

Hares-Lettuce

Harewort

Harem

Harengiform

Haricot

Harier

Hariolation

Hark

Harl

Harlequin

Harlequin

Harlock

Harlot

Harlot

Harlot

Harlotry

Harm

Harm

Harmattan

Harmed

Harmel

Harmful

Harmfully

Harmfulness

Harming

Harmless

Harmlessly

Harmlessness

Harmonic

Harmonica

Harmonics

Harmonious

Harmoniously

Harmoniousness

Harmonist

Harmonize

Harmonize

Harmonized

Harmonizer

Harmonizing

Harmonometer

Harmony

Harmost

Harmotome

Harness

Harness

Harnessed

Harnesser

Harnessing

Harp

Harp

Harper

Harping

Harping

Harping

Harping-Iron

Harpist

Harpoon

Harpoon

Harpooned

Harpooner

Harpooning

Harpsichord

Harpy

Harquebuse

Harrateen

Harridan

Harrier

Harrow

Harrow

Harrowed

Harrower

Harrowing

Harry

Harry

Harsh

Harshly

Harshness

Harslet

Hart

Hartbeest

Hartroyal

Hartshorn

Hartstongue

Hartwort

Haruspice

Haruspicy

Harvest

Harvest

Harvested

Harvester

Harvest-Fly

Harvest-Home

Harvesting

Harvest-Lord

Harvest-Man

Harvest-Queen

Hash

Hash

Hask

Haslet

Hasp

Hasp

Hassoc

Hast

Hastate

Haste

Haste

Haste

Hasted

Hastener

Hasting

Hastily

Hastiness

Hasting-Pear

Hastings

Hastive

Hasty

Hastypudding

Hat

Hat-Band

Hat-Box

Hatable

Hatch

Hatch

Hatch

Hatch

Hatch

Hatchel

Hatchel

Hatcheled

Hatcheler

Hatcheling

Hatchet

Hatchet-Face

Hatchetine

Hatchment

Hatchway

Hate

Hate

Hated

Hateful

Hatefully

Hatefulness

Hater

Hating

Hatred

Hatted

Hatter

Hatter

Hattock

Hauberk

Haught

Haughtily

Haughtiness

Haughty

Haul

Haul

Hauled

Hauling

Haulm

Haunch

Haunt

Haunt

Haunt

Haunted

Haunter

Haunting

Haust

Hautboy

Hauteur

Hauyne

Have

Haveless

Haven

Havener

Haver

Haver

Haversack

Having

Having

Havock

Havock

Haw

Haw

Hawfinch

Hawhaw

Hawing

Hawk

Hawk

Hawk

Hawk

Hawk

Hawked

Hawker

Hawkeyed

Hawking

Hawking

Hawknosed

Hawkweed

Hawse

Hawse-Hole

Hawse-Piece

Hawser

Hawthorn

Hawthorn-Fly

Hay

Hay

Hay

Hay

Haybote

Haycock

Hayknife

Hayloft

Haymaker

Haymaking

Haymarket

Haymow

Hayrick

Haystack

Hayward

Haydenite

Hazard

Hazard

Hazard

Hazardable

Hazarded

Hazarder

Hazarding

Hazardous

Hazardously

Hazardry

Haze

Haze

Haze

Hazel

Hazel

Hazel-Earth

Hazel-Nut

Hazelly

Hazy

He

Head

Head

Head

Headach

Headband

Headborough

Head-Dress

Headed

Header

Headfast

Headfirst

Headgargle

Headgear

Headiness

Heading

Headland

Headless

Headlong

Headlong

Headman

Headmold-Shot

Headmoney

Headmost

Head-Pan

Head-Piece

Headquarters

Head-Rope

Head-Sail

Head-Sea

Headshake

Headship

Headsman

Headspring

Headstall

Headstone

Headstrong

Headstrongness

Headtire

Headway

Head-Wind

Head-Workman

Heady

Heal

Heal

Healable

Healed

Healer

Healing

Healing

Health

Healthful

Healthfully

Healthfulness

Healthily

Healthiness

Healthless

Healthsome

Healthy

Heam

Heap

Heap

Heaped

Heaper

Heaping

Heapy

Hear

Hear

Heard

Hearer

Hearing

Hearing

Hearken

Hearken

Hearkener

Hearkening

Hearsal

Hearsay

Hearse

Hearse

Hearsecloth

Hearselike

Heart

Heart

Heart-Ach

Heart-Alluring

Heart-Appalling

Heart-Break

Heart-Breaker

Heart-Breaking

Heart-Breaking

Heart-Bred

Heart-Broken

Heart-Buried

Heart-Burn

Heart-Burned

Heart-Burning

Heart-Burning

Heart-Chilled

Heart-Consuming

Heart-Corroding

Heart-Dear

Heart-Deep

Heart-Discouraging

Heart-Ease

Heart-Easing

Heart-Eating

Heart-Expanding

Heart-Felt

Heart-Grief

Heart-Hardened

Heart-Hardening

Heart-Heaviness

Heart-Offending

Heart-Pea

Heart-Quelling

Heart-Rending

Heart-Robbing

Hearts-Blood

Hearts-Ease

Heart-Searching

Heart-Sick

Heart-Sore

Heart-Sore

Heart-Sorrowing

Heart-String

Heart-Struck

Heart-Swelling

Heart-Whole

Heart-Wounded

Heart-Wounding

Hearted

Hearten

Heartener

Hearth

Hearth-Money

Heartily

Heartiness

Heartless

Heartlessly

Heartlessness

Hearty

Hearty-Hale

Heat

Heat

Heat

Heat

Heated

Heater

Heath

Heathcock

Heathpea

Heathpout

Heathrose

Heathen

Heathen

Heathenish

Heathenishly

Heathenism

Heathenize

Heather

Heathy

Heating

Heatless

Heave

Heave

Heave

Heaven

Heaven-Aspiring

Heaven-Banished

Heaven-Begot

Heaven-Born

Heaven-Bred

Heaven-Built

Heaven-Directed

Heaven-Fallen

Heaven-Gifted

Heaven-Inspired

Heaven-Instructed

Heavenize

Heaven-Kissing

Heavenliness

Heaven-Loved

Heavenly

Heavenly

Heavenly-Minded

Heavenly-Mindedness

Heaven-Saluting

Heavenward

Heaven-Warring

Heave-Offering

Heaver

Heaves

Heavily

Heaviness

Heaving

Heaving

Heavy

Heavy

Heavy

Heavy-Handed

Heavy-Laden

Heavy Spar

Hebdomad

Hebdomadal

Hebdomadary

Hebdomatical

Heben

Hebetate

Hebetated

Hebetating

Hebetation

Hebete

Hebetude

Hebraic

Hebraically

Hebraism

Hebraist

Hebraize

Hebraize

Hebrew

Hebrew

Hebrewess

Hebrician

Hebridian

Hecatomb

Heck

Heckle

Hectare

Hectic

Hectic

Hectically

Hectogram

Hectoliter

Hectometer

Hector

Hector

Hector

Hectored

Hectoring

Hectorism

Hectorly

Hedenbergite

Hederaceous

Hederal

Hederiferous

Hedge

Hedge

Hedge

Hedge-Bill

Hedge-Born

Hedge-Bote

Hedge-Creeper

Hedge-Fumitory

Hedgehog

Hedgehog-Thistle

Hedge-Hyssop

Hedge-Mustard

Hedge-Nettle

Hedge-Note

Hedgepig

Hedgerow

Hedge-Sparrow

Hedge-Writer

Hedger

Hedging

Heed

Heed

Heeded

Heedful

Heedfully

Heedfulness

Heedless

Heedlessly

Heedlessness

Heel

Heel

Heel

Heel

Heeler

Heel-Piece

Heft

Hefted

Hegira

Heifer

Heigh-Ho

Height

Heighten

Heightened

Heightening

Heightening

Heinous

Heir

Heir

Heir-Apparent

Heirdom

Heiress

Heirless

Heir-Loom

Heirship

Held

Hele

Heliacal

Heliacally

Helical

Helicite

Heling

Heliocentric

Heliolater

Heliolatry

Heliometer

Helioscope

Heliostate

Heliotrope

Helispheric

Helix

Hell

Hellblack

Hell-Born

Hell-Bred

Hell-Brewed

Hell-Broth

Hell-Cat

Hell-Confounding

Hell-Doomed

Hell-Governed

Hell-Hag

Hell-Hated

Hell-Haunted

Hell-Hound

Hell-Kite

Hel-Lebore

Helleborism

Hellenian

Hellenism

Hellenist

Hellenistic

Hellenistically

Hellenize

Hellespont

Hellespontine

Hellier

Hellish

Hellishly

Hellishness

Hellward

Helly

Helm

Helm

Helm

Helm

Helmed

Helminthic

Helminthic

Helminthologic

Helminthologist

Helminthology

Helmless

Helmsman

Helmwind

Helotism

Help

Help

Help

Helper

Helpful

Helpfulness

Helpless

Helplessly

Helplessness

Helter-Skelter

Helve

Helve

Helvetic

Helvin

Hem

Hem

Hem

Hemachate

Hematin

Hematite

Hematitic

Hematope

Hemerobaptist

Hemi

Hemicrany

Hemicycle

Hemiditone

Hemina

Hemiplegy

Hemipter

Hemipteral

Hemisphere

Hemispheric

Hemistich

Hemistichal

Hemitone

Hemitrope

Hemlock

Hemoptysis

Hemorrhage

Hemorrhagic

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoidal

Hemp

Hemp-Agrimony

Hempen

Hempy

Hen

Henbane

Henbit

Hen-Coop

Hen-Driver

Hen-Harm

Hen-Hearted

Henhouse

Henpecked

Henroost

Hensfeet

Hence

Henceforth

Henceforward

Henchman

Hend

Hend

Hendecagon

Hendecasyllable

Hendiadis

Hepar

Hepatic

Hepatite

Hepatize

Hepatized

Hepatoscopy

Heps

Heptacapsular

Heptachord

Heptagon

Heptagonal

Heptagyn

Heptagynian

Heptahexahedral

Heptamerede

Heptander

Heptandrian

Heptangular

Heptaphyllous

Heptarchic

Heptarchist

Heptarchy

Heptateuch

Hep-Tree

Her

Herald

Herald

Heraldic

Heraldry

Heraldship

Herb

Herb-Christopher

Herb-Robert

Herbaceous

Herbage

Herbaged

Herbal

Herbal

Herbalist

Herbar

Herbarist

Herbarium

Herbarize

Herbary

Herbelet

Herbescent

Herbid

Herbivorous

Herbless

Herborist

Herborization

Herborize

Herborize

Herborized

Herborizing

Herbous

Herbwoman

Herby

Herculean

Hercules

Hercynian

Herd

Herd

Herd

Herd

Herdess

Herdgroom

Herding

Herdman

Here

Hereabout

Hereafter

Hereafter

Hereat

Hereby

Herein

Hereinto

Hereof

Hereon

Hereout

Heretofore

Hereunto

Hereupon

Herewith

Hereditable

Hereditably

Hereditament

Hereditarily

Hereditary

Heremit

Heremitical

Heresiarch

Heresiarchy

Heresy

Heretic

Heretical

Heretically

Heretog

Heriot

Heriotable

Herisson

Heritable

Heritage

Hermaphrodeity

Hermaphrodism

Hermaphrodite

Hermaphrodite

Hermaphroditic

Hermaphroditically

Hermeneutic

Hermeneutically

Hermeneutics

Hermetic

Hermetically

Hermit

Hermitage

Hermitary

Hermitess

Hermitical

Hermodactyl

Hermogenians

Hern

Hernhill

Hernia

Hernshaw

Hero

Herodians

Heroic

Heroical

Heroically

Heroi-Comic

Heroine

Heroism

Heron

Heronry

Heroship

Herpes

Herpetic

Herpetologic

Herpetologist

Herpetology

Herring

Herring-Fishery

Hers

Herschel

Herse

Herse

Herself

Herselike

Hersillon

Hery

Hesitancy

Hesitant

Hesitate

Hesitating

Hesitatingly

Hesitation

Hest

Hesperian

Hesperian

Heterarchy

Heteroclite

Heteroclite

Heteroclitous

Heterodox

Heterodoxy

Heterogene

Heterogeneal

Heterogeneity

Heterogeneousness

Heterophyllous

Heteroptics

Heteroscian

Heteroscian

Heulandite

Hew

Hewed

Hewer

Hewing

Hewn

Hexade

Hexachord

Hexagon

Hexagonal

Hexagony

Hexagyn

Hexagynian

Hexahedral

Hexahedron

Hexahemeron

Hexameter

Hexameter

Hexametric

Hexander

Hexandrian

Hexangular

Hexaped

Hexaped

Hexapetalous

Hexaphyllous

Hexaplar

Hexastich

Hexastyle

Hey

Heyday

Heyday

Hiation

Hiatus

Hibernacle

Hibernal

Hibernate

Hibernation

Hibernian

Hibernian

Hibernicism

Hiberno-Celtic

Hiccough

Hiccough

Hickory

Hickwall

Hid

Hidage

Hidalgo

Hiddenly

Hide

Hide

Hide

Hide

Hidebound

Hideous

Hideously

Hideousness

Hider

Hiding

Hiding

Hiding-Place

Hie

Hie

Hierarch

Hierarchal

Hierarchical

Hierarchy

Hieroglyph

Hieroglyphic

Hieroglyphically

Hierogram

Hierogrammatic

Hierogrammatist

Hierographic

Hierography

Hierology

Hieromancy

Hieromnemon

Hierophant

Higgle

Higgledy-Piggledy

Higgler

High

High

High

High-Aimed

High-Arched

High-Aspiring

High-Blest

High-Blown

High-Born

High-Built

High-Climbing

High-Colored

High-Day

High-Designing

High-Embowed

High-Engendered

High-Fed

High-Flaming

High-Flier

High-Flown

High-Flushed

High-Flying

High-Gazing

High-Going

High-Grown

High-Heaped

High-Hearted

High-Heeled

High-Hung

High-Lived

High-Mettled

High-Minded

High-Operation

High-Place

High-Placed

High-Priest

High-Principled

High-Raised

High-Reaching

High-Reared

High-Red

High-Repented

High-Resolved

High-Roofed

High-Seasoned

High-Seated

High-Sighted

High-Sounding

High-Spirited

High-Stomached

High-Swelling

High-Swoln

High-Taper

High-Tasted

High-Towered

High-Viced

High-Wrought

Highland

Highlander

Highlandish

Highly

Highmost

Highness

Highth

Highwater

Highwater-Mark

Highway

Highwayman

Hilarate

Hilarity

Hilary-Term

Hild

Hilding

Hill

Hill

Hilled

Hilling

Hillock

Hillside

Hilly

Hilt

Hilted

Hilum

Him

Himself

Hin

Hind

Hind

Hind

Hindberry

Hinder

Hinder

Hinder

Hinderance

Hindered

Hinderer

Hindering

Hindermost

Hindmost

Hindoo

Hinge

Hinge

Hinge

Hinging

Hint

Hint

Hint

Hip

Hip

Hip

Hippelaph

Hip

Hiphalt

Hippocamp

Hippocentaur

Hippocras

Hippocratism

Hippodame

Hippodrome

Hippogriff

Hippolith

Hippomane

Hippophagous

Hippophagy

Hippopotamy

Hiproof

Hipshot

Hipwort

Hire

Hire

Hired

Hireling

Hireling

Hirer

Hiring

Hirsute

Hirsuteness

His

Hisingerite

Hispid

Hiss

Hiss

Hiss

Hissing

Hissing

Hissingly

Hist

Historial

Historian

Historic

Historically

Historied

Historier

Historify

Historiographer

Historiography

Historiology

History

History-Piece

Histrion

Histrionic

Histrionically

Histrionism

Hit

Hit

Hit

Hitch

Hitch

Hitch

Hitched

Hitchel

Hithe

Hither

Hither

Hithermost

Hitherto

Hitherward

Hive

Hive

Hive

Hived

Hiver

Hives

Ho

Ho

Hoar

Hoar

Hoar

Hoar-Frost

Hoard

Hoard

Hoard

Hoarded

Hoarder

Hoarding

Hoared

Hoarhound

Hoariness

Hoarse

Hoarsely

Hoarseness

Hoary

Hoax

Hoax

Hob

Hob

Hobbism

Hobbist

Hobble

Hobble

Hobble

Hobbledehoy

Hobbler

Hobbler

Hobbling

Hobblingly

Hobby

Hobby

Hobbyhorse

Hobgoblin

Hobit

Hoblike

Hobnail

Hobnailed

Hobnob

Hoboy

Hock

Hock

Hock

Hockday

Hockey

Hockherb

Hockle

Hocuspocus

Hocuspocus

Hod

Hoddy-Doddy

Hodge-Podge

Hodiernal

Hodman

Hodmandod

Hoe

Hoe

Hoe

Hoed

Hoeing

Hofuful

Hog

Hog

Hog

Hogcote

Hogged

Hoggerel

Hogget

Hoggish

Hoggishly

Hoggishness

Hogh

Hogherd

Hogpen

Hog-Plumbtree

Hog-Ringer

Hogs-Beans

Hogs-Fennel

Hogs-Mushrooms

Hogshead

Hogsty

Hogwash

Hohlspath

Hoiden

Hoiden

Hoidet

Hoist

Hoist

Hoisted

Hoisting

Hoity-Toity

Holcad

Hold

Hold

Hold

Holdback

Holder

Holderforth

Holdfast

Holding

Holding

Hole

Hole

Hole

Holibut

Holidam

Holiday

Holily

Holiness

Holing-Ax

Holla

Holla

Holland

Hollander

Hollen

Hollow

Hollow

Hollow

Hollow

Hollowed

Hollow-Eyed

Hollow-Hearted

Hollowing

Hollowly

Hollowness

Hollow-Root

Holly

Hollyhock

Hollyrose

Holm

Holmite

Holocaust

Holograph

Holographic

Holometer

Holp

Holster

Holstered

Holt

Holy

Holy-Cross

Holyday

Holyday

Holy-One

Holy-Rood

Holy-Thistle

Holy-Thursday

Holy-Week

Homage

Homage

Homageable

Homager

Home

Home

Home

Homeborn

Homebred

Homefelt

Homekeeping

Homeless

Homeliness

Homelot

Homely

Homely

Homelyn

Homemade

Homer

Homeric

Homespeaking

Homespun

Homespun

Homestall

Homeward

Homeward-Bound

Homicidal

Homicide

Homiletic

Homilist

Homily

Hommoc

Hommony

Homogeneal

Homogenealness

Homogeneousness

Homogeny

Homologate

Homologous

Homonymous

Homonymously

Homonymy

Homophony

Homotonous

Hone

Hone

Hone

Hone-Wort

Honest

Honest

Honestation

Honestly

Honesty

Honey

Honey

Honey-Bag

Honey-Comb

Honey-Combed

Honey-Dew

Honeyed

Honey-Flower

Honey-Gnat

Honey-Guide

Honey-Harvest

Honeyless

Honey-Locust

Honey-Moon

Honey-Mouthed

Honey-Stalk

Honey-Stone

Honey-Suckle

Honey-Sweet

Honey-Tongued

Honey-Wort

Honied

Honor

Honor

Honorable

Honorableness

Honorably

Honorary

Honorary

Honored

Honorer

Honoring

Honorless

Hood

Hood

Hood

Hoodman

Hooded

Hood-Wink

Hood-Winked

Hood-Winking

Hoof

Hoof

Hoof-Bound

Hoofed

Hook

Hook

Hook

Hooked

Hooked

Hookedness

Hooking

Hooknosed

Hooky

Hoop

Hoop

Hoop

Hoop

Hoop

Hooper

Hooping

Hooping

Hooping-Cough

Hoopoe

Hoora

Hoot

Hoot

Hoot

Hooting

Hop

Hop

Hop

Hop

Hopbind

Hopoast

Hoppole

Hop-Picker

Hopvine

Hop-Yard

Hope

Hope

Hope

Hope

Hoped

Hopeful

Hopefully

Hopefulness

Hopeless

Hopelessly

Hopelessness

Hoper

Hoping

Hopingly

Hoplite

Hopper

Hoppers

Hopping

Hopping

Hopple

Horal

Horally

Horary

Hord

Hore

Hore

Horedom

Horemaster

Horeson

Horish

Horishly

Horehound

Horizon

Horizontal

Horizontally

Horizontality

Horn

Hornbeak

Hornbeam

Hornbill

Hornblend

Hornblower

Hornbook

Horn-Distemper

Horned

Hornedness

Horner

Hornet

Hornfish

Hornfoot

Hornify

Horning

Hornish

Hornless

Hornmercury

Hornowl

Hornpipe

Hornshavings

Hornsilver

Hornspoon

Hornslate

Hornstone

Hornwork

Horny

Horography

Horologe

Horological

Horologiographic

Horologiography

Horology

Horometrical

Horometry

Horoscope

Horoscopy

Horrent

Horrible

Horribleness

Horribly

Horrid

Horridly

Horridness

Horrific

Horrisonous

Horror

Horse

Horse

Horseback

Horsebean

Horseblock

Horseboat

Horseboy

Horsebreaker

Horse-Chestnut

Horsecloth

Horsecourser

Horsecrab

Horse-Cucumber

Horsedealer

Horsedrench

Horsedung

Horse-Emmet

Horsefaced

Horseflesh

Horsefly

Horsefoot

Horseguards

Horsehair

Horsehoe

Horseknave

Horse-Keeper

Horselaugh

Horseleech

Horselitter

Horseload

Horseman

Horsemanship

Horsemarten

Horsematch

Horsemeat

Horse-Mill

Horse-Mint

Horse-Muscle

Horsepath

Horseplay

Horsepond

Horsepurslane

Horserace

Horseracing

Horseradish

Horseshoe

Horseshoe-Head

Horsestealer

Horsetail

Horsetongue

Horsevetch

Horseway

Horsewhip

Horsewhip

Horseworm

Hortation

Hortative

Hortative

Hortatory

Hortensial

Horticultor

Horticultural

Horticulture

Horticulturist

Hortulan

Hortus Siccus

Hortyard

Hosanna

Hose

Hosier

Hosiery

Hospitable

Hospitably

Hospitage

Hospital

Hospital

Hospitality

Hospitaller

Hospitate

Hospitate

Host

Host

Host

Host

Host

Hostage

Hostel

Hostess

Hostess-Ship

Hostile

Hostilely

Hostility

Hostilize

Hosting

Hostler

Hostless

Hostry

Hot

Hot

Hotbed

Hotbrained

Hotchpot

Hotcockles

Hotel

Hotheaded

Hothouse

Hotly

Hotmouthed

Hotness

Hotspur

Hotspur

Hotspurred

Hottentot

Hottentot-Cherry

Hough

Hough

Houlet

Hoult

Hound

Hound

Houndfish

Hounds

Hounds Tongue

Houndtree

Houp

Hour

Hourglass

Hourhand

Houri

Hourly

Hourly

Hourplate

Housage

House

House

House

Houseboat

Housebote

House-Brealer

House-Breaking

Housedog

Household

Household

Householder

Household-Stuff

Housekeeper

Housekeeping

Housekeeping

Housel

Housel

Houselamb

Houseleek

Houseless

Houseline

Housemaid

Housepigeon

Houseroom

Houseraiser

Housesnail

Housewarming

Housewife

Housewifely

Housewifery

House-Wright

Housed

Housing

Housing

Housling

Houss

Hove

Hovel

Hovel

Hoven

Hover

Hover

Hover-Ground

Hovering

How

Howbeit

Howdy

How Dye

However

Howitz

Howker

Howl

Howl

Howl

Howlet

Howling

Howling

Howling

Howsoever

Hox

Hoy

Hoy

Hub

Hubbub

Huck

Huck

Huckaback

Huckle

Hucklebacked

Hucklebone

Huckster

Huckster

Hucksteress

Hud

Huddle

Huddle

Huddle

Huddled

Huddling

Hue

Hue

Huer

Huff

Huff

Huff

Huffed

Huffer

Huffiness

Huffing

Huffish

Huffishly

Huffishness

Huffy

Hug

Hug

Huge

Hugely

Hugeness

Hugger-Mugger

Huguenot

Huguenotism

Hugy

Huisher

Huke

Hulch

Hulchis

Hulk

Hulk

Hulky

Hull

Hull

Hull

Hully

Hulotheism

Hulver

Hum

Hum

Hum

Hum

Human

Humanate

Humane

Humanely

Humaneness

Humanist

Humanity

Humanization

Humanize

Humanized

Humaniizing

Humankind

Humanly

Humation

Humbird

Humble

Humble

Humblebee

Humbled

Humblemouthed

Humbleness

Humbleplant

Humbler

Humbles

Humbly

Humboldite

Humbug

Humdrum

Humdrum

Humect

Humectation

Humective

Humeral

Humhum

Humicubation

Humid

Humidity

Humidness

Humiliate

Humiliated

Humiliating

Humiliation

Humility

Humite

Hummer

Humming

Humming

Humor

Humor

Humoral

Humored

Humoring

Humorist

Humorous

Humorously

Humorousness

Humorsome

Humorsomely

Hump

Humpback

Humpbacked

Hunch

Hunch

Hunchbacked

Hundred

Hundred

Hundred-Court

Hundreder

Hundredth

Hung

Hungary-Water

Hunger

Hunger

Hunger

Hunger-Bit

Hungering

Hungerly

Hungerly

Hunger-Starved

Hungred

Hungrily

Hungry

Hunks

Huns

Hunt

Hunt

Hunt

Hunted

Hunter

Hunting

Hunting

Hunting-Horn

Hunting-Horse

Hunting-Seat

Huntress

Huntsman

Huntsmanship

Hurden

Hurdle

Hurds

Hurdy-Gurdy

Hurl

Hurl

Hurlbat

Hurlbone

Hurled

Hurler

Hurling

Hurlwind

Hurly

Hurraw

Hurricane

Hurried

Hurrier

Hurry

Hurry

Hurry

Hurrying

Hurry-Skurry

Hurst

Hurt

Hurt

Hurter

Hurters

Hurtful

Hurtfully

Hurtfulness

Hurtle

Hurtle

Hurtleberry

Hurtless

Hurtlessly

Hurtlessness

Husband

Husband

Husbandable

Husbanded

Husbanding

Husbandless

Husbandly

Husbandman

Husbandry

Hush

Hush

Hush

Hush

Hushmoney

Husk

Husk

Husked

Huskiness

Husking

Husking

Husky

Huso

Hussar

Hussite

Hussy

Hustings

Hustle

Huswife

Huswife

Huswifery

Hut

Hut

Hut

Hutted

Hutting

Hutch

Hux

Huzz

Huzza

Huzza

Huzza

Hyacinth

Hyacinthine

Hyads

Hyaline

Hyalite

Hybernacle

Hybrid

Hybrid

Hydage

Hydatid

Hydra

Hydracid

Hydragogue

Hydrangea

Hydrant

Hydrargillite

Hydrate

Hydraulic

Hydraulics

Hydrenterocele

Hydriodic

Hydriodate

Hydrocarbonate

Hydrocarburet

Hydrocele

Hydrocephalus

Hydrochlorate

Hydrochloric

Hydrocyanate

Hydrocyanic

Hydrodynamic

Hydrodynamics

Hydrofluate

Hydrofluoric

Hydrogen

Hydrogenate

Hydrogenated

Hydrogenize

Hydrogenized

Hydrogenizing

Hydrographer

Hydrographic

Hydrography

Hydroguret

Hydrogureted

Hydrolite

Hydrological

Hydrology

Hydromancy

Hydromantic

Hydromel

Hydrometer

Hydrometric

Hydrometry

Hydro-Oxyd

Hydrophane

Hydrophanous

Hydrophobia

Hydrophobic

Hydropic

Hydropneumatic

Hydropsy

Hydroscope

Hydrostatic

Hydrostatically

Hydrostatics

Hydrosulphate

Hydrosulphuret

Hydrosulphureted

Hydrothorax

Hydrotic

Hydrotic

Hydroxanthate

Hydroxanthic

Hydruret

Hydrus

Hyemal

Hyemate

Hyemation

Hyena

Hygrometer

Hygrometrical

Hygrometry

Hygroscope

Hygroscopic

Hygrostatics

Hyke

Hylarchical

Hylozoic

Hym

Hymen

Hymeneal

Hymenean

Hymenopter

Hymenopteral

Hymn

Hymn

Hymn

Hymned

Hymning

Hymnic

Hymnologist

Hymnology

Hyosciama

Hyp

Hyp

Hypallage

Hypaspist

Hyper

Hyperaspist

Hyperbaton

Hyperbola

Hyperbole

Hyperbolic

Hyperbolically

Hyperboliform

Hyperbolist

Hyperbolize

Hyperbolize

Hyperboloid

Hyperborean

Hyperborean

Hypercarbureted

Hypercatalec;Tic

Hypercritic

Hypercritic

Hypercriticism

Hyperdulia

Hypericon

Hypermeter

Hypermetrical

Hyperooxyd

Hyperoxygenated

Hyperoxymuriate

Hyperoxymuriatic

Hyperphysical

Hyperstene

Hyphen

Hypnotic

Hypnotic

Hypo

Hypobole

Hypocaust

Hypochondres

Hypochondria

Hypochondriac

Hypochondriac

Hypochondriacal

Hypochondriacism

Hypochondriasis

Hypocist

Hypocrateriform

Hypocrisy

Hypocrite

Hypocritic

Hypocritically

Hypogastric

Hypogastrocele

Hypogeum

Hypogynous

Hypophosphorous

Hyposphosphite

Hypostasis

Hypostatic

Hyposulphate

Hyposulphite

Hyposulphuric

Hyposulphurous

Hypotenuse

Hypothecate

Hypothecated

Hypothecating

Hypothecation

Hypothecator

Hypothesis

Hypothetic

Hypothetically

Hyrse

Hyrst

Hyson

Hysop

Hysteric

Hysterics

Hysterocele

Hysteron Proteron

Hysterotomy

Hythe

I

I

Iambic

Iambic

Iambics

Ibex

Ibis

Icarian

Ice

Ice

Iceberg

Iceblink

Iceboat

Icebound

Icebuilt

Icehouse

Iceisle

Icelander

Icelandic

Iceplant

Icespar

Ichneumon

Ichnographic

Ichnography

Ichor

Ichorous

Ichthyocol

Ichthyolite

Ichthyological

Ichthyologist

Ichthyology

Ichythyophagous

Ichthyophagy

Ichthyophthalmite

Icicle

Iciness

Icing

Icon

Iconoclast

Iconoclastic

Iconography

Iconolater

Iconology

Icosahedral

Icosahedron

Icosander

Icosandrian

Icteric

Icteric

Icteritious

Icy

Icy-Pearled

Idea

Ideal

Idealism

Idealize

Ideally

Ideate

Identic

Identification

Identified

Identify

Identify

Identifying

Identity

Ides

Idiocrasy

Idiocratic

Idiocy

Idioelectric

Idiom

Idiomatic

Idiomatically

Idiopathic

Idiopathically

Idiopathy

Idio-Repulsive

Idiosyncrasy

Idiot

Idiotic

Idiotish

Idiotism

Idiotize

Idle

Idle

Idleheaded

Idleness

Idlepated

Idler

Idlesby

Idly

Idocrase

Idol

Idolater

Idolatress

Idolatrize

Idolatrize

Idolatrous

Idolatrously

Idolatry

Idolish

Idolism

Idolist

Idolize

Idolized

Idolizer

Idolizing

Idoneous

Idyl

Ieland

If

Igneous

Ignescent

Ignescent

Ignify

Ignifluous

Ignipotent

Ignis Fatuus

Ignite

Ignite

Ignited

Igniting

Ignition

Ignitible

Ignivomous

Ignoble

Ignobility

Ignobleness

Ignobly

Ignominious

Ignominiously

Ignominy

Ignoramus

Ignorance

Ignorant

Ignorant

Ignorantly

Ignore

Ignoscible

Ignote

Iguana

Ile

Ilex

Iliac

Iliad

Ilk

Ill

Ill

Ill

Ill

Illabile

Illability

Illacerable

Illapse

Illaqueate

Illaqueated

Illaqueation

Illation

Illative

Illative

Illaudable

Illaudably

Ill-Bred

Ill-Breeding

Ill-Conditioned

Illecebrous

Illegal

Illegality

Illegalize

Illegally

Illegibility

Illegible

Illegibly

Illegitimacy

Illegitimate

Illegitimate

Illegitimately

Illegitimation

Illeviable

Ill-Faced

Ill-Favored

Ill-Favoredly

Ill-Favoredness

Illiberal

Illiberality

Illiberally

Illicit

Illicitly

Illicitness

Illicitous

Illighten

Illimitable

Illimitably

Illimited

Illimitedness

Illinition

Illiteracy

Illiterate

Illiterateness

Illiterature

Ill-Lived

Ill-Nature

Ill-Natured

Ill-Naturedly

Ill-Naturedness

Illness

Illogical

Illogically

Illogicalness

Illstarred

Ill-Trained

Illude

Illuded

Illuding

Illume

Illuminant

Illuminate

Illuminate

Illuminate

Illuminated

Illuminating

Illuminating

Illumination

Illuminative

Illuminator

Illuminee

Illuminism

Illuminize

Illusion

Illusive

Illusively

Illusiveness

Illusory

Illustrate

Illustrated

Illustrating

Illustration

Illustrative

Illustratively

Illustrator

Illustrious

Illustriously

Illustriousness

Illuxurious

Ill-Will

Ill-Willer

Im

Im

Image

Image

Imagery

Image-Worship

Imaginable

Imaginant

Imaginary

Imagination

Imaginative

Imagine

Imagine

Imagined

Imaginer

Imagining

Imam

Imban

Imband

Imbanded

Imbank

Imbanked

Imbanking

Imbankment

Imbarn

Imbastardize

Imbead

Imbeaded

Imbecile

Imbecility

Imbed

Imbedded

Imbedding

Imbellic

Imbenching

Imbibe

Imbibed

Imbiber

Imbibing

Imbibition

Imbitter

Imbittered

Imbittering

Imbodied

Imbody

Imbody

Imbodying

Imboil

Imbolden

Imbolden

Imboldening

Imborder

Imbordered

Imbordering

Imbosk

Imbosom

Imbosomed

Imbosoming

Imbound

Imbow

Imbowed

Imbower

Imbowered

Imbowering

Imbowing

Imbowment

Imbox

Imbrangle

Imbreed

Imbricate

Imbrication

Imbrown

Imbrowned

Imbrowning

Imbrue

Imbrued

Imbruing

Imbrute

Imbrute

Imbruted

Imbruting

Imbue

Imbued

Imbuing

Imitability

Imitable

Imitate

Imitated

Imitating

Imitation

Imitative

Imitator

Imitatorship

Immaculate

Immaculately

Immaculateness

Immailed

Immalleable

Immanacle

Immanacled

Immanacling

Immane

Immanely

Immanency

Immanent

Immanity

Immarcessible

Immartial

Immask

Immasked

Immasking

Immatchable

Immaterial

Immaterialism

Immaterialist

Immateriality

Immaterialized

Immaterially

Immaterialness

Immateriate

Immature

Immaturely

Immatureness

Immeability

Immeasurable

Immeasurably

Immeasured

Immechanical

Immediacy

Immediate

Immediately

Immediateness

Immedicable

Immelodious

Immemorable

Immemorial

Immemorially

Immense

Immensely

Immensity

Immensurability

Immensurable

Immensurate

Immerge

Immerit

Immerited

Immeritous

Immerse

Immersed

Immersing

Immersion

Immesh

Immeshed

Immeshing

Immethodical

Immethodically

Immethodicalness

Immigrant

Immigrate

Immigration

Imminence

Imminent

Immingle

Immingled

Immingling

Imminution

Immiscibility

Immiscible

Immission

Immit

Immitigable

Immix

Immixable

Immixed

Immobility

Immoderacy

Immoderate

Immoderately

Immoderateness

Immoderation

Immodest

Immodestly

Immodesty

Immolate

Immolated

Immolating

Immolation

Immolator

Immoment

Immomentous

Immoral

Immorality

Immorally

Immorigerous

Immorigerousness

Immortal

Immortality

Immortalization

Immortalize

Immortalize

Immortalized

Immortalizing

Immortally

Immortification

Immovability

Immovable

Immovableness

Immovably

Immund

Immundicity

Immunity

Immure

Immure

Immured

Immusical

Immutability

Immutable

Immutableness

Immutably

Immutate

Immutation

Imp

Imp

Impacable

Impact

Impact

Impacted

Impaint

Impair

Impair

Impair

Impair

Impaired

Impairer

Impairing

Impalatable

Impale

Impallid

Impalm

Impalpability

Impalpable

Impalsy

Impanate

Impanate

Impanation

Impannel

Impanneled

Impanneling

Imparadise

Imparadised

Imparadising

Imparalleled

Imparasyllabic

Impardonable

Imparity

Impark

Imparl

Imparlance

Imparsonee

Impart

Impartance

Impartation

Imparted

Impartial

Impartialist

Impartiality

Impartially

Impartibility

Impartible

Imparting

Impartment

Impassable

Impassableness

Impassably

Impassibility

Impassible

Impassion

Impassionate

Impassionate

Impassioned

Impassive

Impassively

Impassiveness

Impassivity

Impastation

Impaste

Impasted

Impatible

Impatience

Impatient

Impatient

Impatiently

Impatronization

Impatronize

Impawn

Impeach

Impeach

Impeachable

Impeached

Impeacher

Impeaching

Impeachment

Impearl

Impeccability

Impeccable

Impede

Impeded

Impediment

Impediment

Impedimental

Impeding

Impedite

Impeditive

Impel

Impelled

Impellent

Impeller

Impelling

Impen

Impend

Impendence

Impendent

Impending

Impenetrability

Impenetrable

Impenetrableness

Impenetrably

Impenitence

Impenitent

Impenitent

Impenitently

Impennous

Impeople

Imperate

Imperative

Imperatively

Imperatorial

Imperceptible

Imperceptible

Imperceptibleness

Imperceptibly

Impercipient

Imperdible

Imperfect

Imperfection

Imperfectly

Imperfectness

Imperforable

Imperforate

Imperforated

Imperforation

Imperial

Imperialist

Imperiality

Imperially

Imperil

Imperious

Imperiously

Imperiousness

Imperishable

Imperishableness

Impermanence

Impermanent

Impermeability

Impermeable

Impersonal

Impersonality

Impersonally

Impersonate

Impersonated

Imperspicuous

Imperspicuous

Impersuasible

Impertinence

Impertinent

Impertinent

Impertinently

Impertransibility

Impertransible

Imperturbable

Imperturbation

Imperturbed

Impervious

Imperviously

Imperviousness

Impetiginous

Impetrable

Impetrate

Impetration

Impetrative

Impetratory

Impetuosity

Impetuous

Impetuously

Impetuousness

Impetus

Impictured

Impier

Impierceable

Impiety

Impignorate

Impignoration

Impinge

Impinging

Impinguate

Impious

Impiously

Impiousness

Implacability

Implacable

Implacably

Implant

Implantation

Implanted

Implanting

Implausibility

Implausible

Implausibly

Impleach

Implead

Impleaded

Impleader

Impleading

Impleasing

Impledge

Implement

Impletion

Implex

Implexion

Implicate

Implicated

Implicating

Implication

Implicative

Implicatively

Implicit

Implicitly

Implicitness

Implied

Impliedly

Imploration

Implore

Implore

Implore

Implored

Implorer

Imploring

Implumed

Implung

Imply

Implying

Impocket

Impoison

Impoisoned

Impoisoning

Impoisonment

Impolarly

Impolicy

Impolite

Impolitely

Impoliteness

Impolitic

Impolitical

Impoliticly

Imponderability

Imponderable

Impoor

Imporosity

Imporous

Import

Import

Importable

Importance

Important

Importantly

Importation

Imported

Importer

Importing

Importless

Importunacy

Importunate

Importunately

Importunateness

Importunator

Importune

Importune

Importunely

Importunity

Importuous

Imposable

Impose

Impose

Imposed

Imposer

Imposing

Imposing-Stone

Imposition

Impossibility

Impossible

Impost

Imposthumate

Imposthumate

Imposthumated

Imposthumation

Imposthume

Imposthume

Impostor

Imposturage

Imposture

Impostured

Imposturous

Impotence

Impotent

Impotent

Impotently

Impound

Impounded

Impounder

Impounding

Impoverish

Impoverished

Impoverisher

Impoverishing

Impoverishment

Impower

Impracticability

Impracticable

Impracticably

Imprecate

Imprecated

Imprecating

Imprecation

Imprecatory

Imprecision

Impregn

Impregnable

Impregnably

Impregnate

Impregnate

Impregnated

Impregnating

Impregnation

Imprejudicate

Impreparation

Imprescriptibility

Imprescriptible

Impress

Impress

Impressed

Impressibility

Impressible

Impressing

Impression

Impressive

Impressively

Impressiveness

Impressment

Impressure

Imprest

Imprest

Imprevalence

Imprimatur

Imprimery

Imprimis

Imprint

Imprinted

Imprinting

Imprison

Imprisoned

Imprisoning

Imprisonment

Improbability

Improbable

Improbably

Improbate

Improbation

Improbity

Improduced

Improficiency

Improfitable

Impromptu

Impromptu

Improper

Improperly

Impropitious

Improportionable

Improportionate

Impropriate

Impropriate

Impropriated

Impropriating

Impropriation

Impropriator

Impropriety

Improsperity

Improsperous

Improsperously

Improsperousness

Improvability

Improvable

Improvableness

Improve

Improve

Improved

Improvement

Improver

Improvided

Improvidence

Improvident

Improvidently

Improving

Improvision

Imprudence

Imprudent

Imprudently

Impudence

Impudent

Impudently

Impudicity

Impugn

Impugnation

Impugned

Impugner

Impugning

Impuissance

Impulse

Impulsion

Impulsive

Impulsively

Impunity

Impure

Impure

Impurely

Impureness

Impurple

Impurpling

Imputable

Imputableness

Imputation

Imputative

Imputatively

Impute

Imputed

Imputer

Imputing

Imputrescible

In

In

Inability

Inablement

Inabstinence

Inabusively

Inaccessibility

Inaccessible

Inaccessibly

Inaccuracy

Inaccurate

Inaccurately

Inaction

Inactive

Inactively

Inactivity

Inactuate

Inactuation

Inadequacy

Inadequate

Inadequately

Inadequateness

Inadequation

Inadhesion

Inadmissibility

Inadmissible

Inadvertence

Inadvertent

Inadvertently

Inaffability

Inaffable

Inaffectation

Inaffected

Inaidable

Inalienable

Inalienableness

Inalienably

Inalimental

Inalterability

Inalterable

Inamiable

Inamiableness

Inamissible

Inamissibleness

Inamorato

Inane

Inangular

Inanimate

Inanimate

Inanimated

Inanition

Inanity

Inappetence

Inapplicability

Inapplicable

Inapplication

Inapposite

Inappreciable

Inapprehensible

Inapprehensive

Inapproachable

Inappropriate

Inaptitude

Inaquate

Inaquation

Inarable

Inarch

Inarched

Inarching

Inarching

Inarticulate

Inarticulately

Inarticulateness

Inarticulation

Inartificial

Inartificially

Inattention

Inattentive

Inattentively

Inaudible

Inaudibly

Inaugural

Inaugurate

Inaugurate

Inaugurated

Inaugurating

Inauguration

Inauguratory

Inauration

Inauspicate

Imauspicious

Inauspiciously

Inauspiciousness

Inbeing

Inborn

Inbreathed

Inbred

Inbreed

Inca

Incage

Incaged

Incaging

Incagement

Incalculable

Incalculably

Incalescence

Incalescent

Incameration

Incandescence

Incandescent

Incantation

Incantatory

Incanting

Incanton

Incapability

Incapable

Incapacious

Incapaciousness

Incapacitate

Incapacitation

Incapacity

Incarcerate

Incacerate

Incarceration

Incarn

Incarn

Incarnadine

Incarnadine

Incarnate

Incarnate

Icarnation

Incarnative

Incarnative

Incase

Incased

Incasing

Incask

Incastellated

Incatenation

Incautious

Incautiously

Incautiousness

Incavated

Incavation

Incend

Incendiary

Incendiary

Incense

Incense

Incense

Incensed

Incensement

Incensing

Incension

Incensive

Incensor

Incensory

Incentive

Incentive

Inception

Inceptive

Inceptor

Inceration

Incertain

Incertainly

Incertainty

Incertitude

Incessable

Incessancy

Incessant

Incessantly

Incest

Incestuous

Incestuously

Incestuousness

Inch

Inch

Inch

Incharitable

Inchastity

Inchest

Inch-Meal

Inchoate

Inchoate

Inchoately

Inchoation

Inchoative

Incide

Incidence

Incident

Incident

Incidental

Incidental

Incidentally

Incidently

Incinerate

Incinerated

Incinerating

Incineration

Incipiency

Incipient

Incirclet

Incircumscriptible

Incircumspection

Incise

Incised

Incisely

Incision

Incisive

Incisor

Incisory

Incisure

Incitant

Incitation

Incite

Incited

Incitement

Inciter

Inciting

Incivil

Incivility

Incivilly

Incivism

Inclasp

Inclavated

Incle

Inclemency

Inclement

Inclinable

Inclination

Inclinatorily

Inclinatory

Incline

Incline

Inclined

Incliner

Inclining

Inclining

Inclip

Incloister

Inclose

Inclosed

Incloser

Inclosing

Inclosure

Incloud

Inclouded

Inclouding

Include

Included

Including

Inclusion

Inclusive

Inclusively

Incoagulable

Incoercible

Incoexistence

Incog

Incogitancy

Incogitant

Incogitantly

Incogitative

Incognito

Incognizable

Incoherence

Incoherent

Incoherently

Incoincidence

Incoincident

Incolumity

Incombine

Incombustibility

Incombustible

Incombustibleness

Income

Incoming

Incoming

Incommensurability

Incommensurable

Incommensurate

Incommensurately

Incommiscible

Incommixture

Incommode

Incommoded

Incommoding

Incommodious

Incommodiously

Incommodiousness

Incommodity

Incommunicability

Incommunicable

Incommunicably

Incommunicated

Incommunicating

Incommunicative

Incommutability

Incommutable

Incommutably

Incompact

Incomparable

Incomparableness

Incomparably

Incompared

Incompassionate

Incompassionately

Incompassionateness

Incompatibility

Incompatible

Incompatibly

Incompetence

Incompetent

Incompetently

Incomplete

Incompletely

Incompleteness

Incomplex

Incompliance

Incompliant

Incomposed

Incomposite

Incompossibility

Incompossible

Incomprehensibility

Incomprehensible

Incomprehensibleness

Incomprehensibly

Incomprehension

Incomprehensive

Incompressibility

Incompressible

Inconcealable

Inconceivable

Inconceivableness

Inconceivably

Inconceptible

Inconcinnity

Inconcludent

Inconcluding

Inconclusive

Inconclusively

Inconclusiveness

Inconcoct

Inconcocted

Inconcoction

Inconcurring

Inconcussible

Incondensability

Incondensable

Incondite

Inconditional

Inconditionate

Inconfirmed

Inconformity

Inconfused

Inconfusion

Incongenial

Incongeniality

Incongruence

Incongruent

Incongruity

Incongruous

Incongruously

Inconnection

Inconscionable

Inconsequence

Inconsequent

Inconsequential

Inconsiderable

Inconsiderableness

Inconsiderably

Inconsideracy

Inconsiderate

Inconsiderately

Inconsiderateness

Inconsideration

Inconsistence

Inconsistent

Inconsistently

Inconsistentness

Inconsisting

Inconsolable

Inconsolably

Inconsonance

Inconsonancy

Inconsonant

Inconspicuous

Inconstancy

Inconstant

Inconstantly

Inconsumable

Inconsummate

Inconsummateness

Inconsumptible

Incontestable

Incontestably

Incontiguous

Incontinence

Incontinent

Incontinent

Incontinently

Incontracted

Incontrollable

Incontrollably

Incontrovertible

Incontrovertibly

Inconvenience

Inconvenient

Inconveniently

Inconversable

Inconversant

Inconvertibilty

Inconvertible

Inconvincible

Inconvincibly

Incony

Incorporal

Incorporality

Incorporally

Incorporate

Incorporate

Incorporate

Incorporated

Incorporating

Incorporation

Incorporeal

Incorporeally

Incorporeity

Incorpse

Incorrect

Incorrection

Incorrectly

Incorrectness

Incorrigible

Incorrigibleness

Incorrigibly

Incorrupt

Incorruptibility

Incorruptible

Incorruptibleness

Incorruption

Incorruptive

Incorruptness

Incrassate

Incrassate

Incrassate

Incrassated

Incrassating

Incrassation

Incrassative

Incrassative

Increasable

Increase

Increase

Increase

Increased

Increaseful

Increaser

Increasing

Increate

Incredibility

Incredible

Incredibleness

Incredibly

Incredulity

Incredulous

Incredulousness

Incremable

Increment

Increpate

Increpation

Increscent

Incriminate

Incruental

Incrust

Incrustate

Incrustation

Incrystalizable

Incubate

Incubation

Incubature

Incubus

Inculcate

Inculcated

Inculcating

Inculcation

Inculpable

Inculpableness

Inculpably

Incult

Incultivated

Incultivation

Inculture

Incumbency

Incumbent

Incumbent

Incumber

Incumbrance

Incumbrancer

Incumbrous

Incur

Incurability

Incurable

Incurable

Incurableness

Incurably

Incuriosity

Incurious

Incuriousness

Incurred

Incurring

Incursion

Incurvate

Incurvate

Incurvated

Incurvating

Incurvation

Incurve

Incurvity

Indagate

Indagation

Indagator

Indart

Indebt

Indebted

Indebtedness

Indebtment

Indecency

Indecent

Indecently

Indeciduous

Indecimable

Indecision

Indecisive

Indecisively

Indecisiveness

Indeclinable

Indeclinably

Indecomposable

Indecomposableness

Indecorous

Indecorously

Indecorousness

Indecorum

Indeed

Indefatigable

Indefatigableness

Indefatigably

Indefatigation

Indefeasibility

Indefeasible

Indefeasibly

Indefectibility

Indefectible

Indefective

Indefeisible

Indefensibility

Indefensible

Indefensive

Indeficiency

Indeficient

Indefinable

Indefinite

Indefinitely

Indefiniteness

Indefinitude

Indeliberate

Indeliberately

Indelibility

Indelible

Indelibly

Indelicacy

Indelicate

Indelicately

Indemnification

Indemnified

Indemnify

Indemnifying

Indemnity

Indemonstrable

Indenization

Indenize

Indenizen

Indent

Indent

Indent

Indent

Indentation

Indented

Indenting

Indentment

Indenture

Indenture

Independence

Independent

Independent

Independently

Indeprecable

Indeprehensible

Indeprivable

Indescribable

Indescriptive

Indesert

Indesinent

Indesinently

Indestructibility

Indestructible

Indeterminable

Indeterminate

Indeterminately

Indeterminateness

Indetermination

Indetermined

Indevote

Indevoted

Indevotion

Indevout

Indevoutly

Index

Indexical

Indexically

Indexterity

India

Indian

Indian

Indian

Indian

Indian

Indian

Indian

Indian

Indianite

Indian

Indian

India

Indicant

Indicate

Indicated

Indicating

Indication

Indicative

Indicatively

Indicator

Indicatory

Indice

Indicolite

Indict

Indictable

Indicted

Indicter

Indicting

Indiction

Indictive

Indictment

Indies

Indifference

Indifferent

Indifferently

Indigence

Indigene

Indigenous

Indigent

Indigest

Indigensted

Indigestible

Indigestion

Indigitate

Indigitation

Indign

Indignance

Indignant

Indignation

Indignify

Indignity

Indignly

Indigo

Indigometer

Indigo-Plant

Indilatory

Indiligence

Indiligent

Indiligently

Indiminishable

Indirect

Indirection

Indirectly

Indirectness

Indiscernible

Indiscernibleness

Indiscernibly

Indiscerpible

Indiscerptibility

Indiscerptible

Indisciplinable

Indiscoverable

Indiscovery

Indiscreet

Indiscreetly

Indiscrete

Indiscretion

Indiscriminate

Indiscriminately

Indiscriminating

Indiscrimination

Indiscussed

Indispensability

Indispensable

Indispensableness

Indispensably

Indispersed

Indispose

Indisposed

Indisposedness

Indisposing

Indisposition

Indisputable

Indisputableness

Indisputably

Indisputed

Indissolubility

Indissoluble

Indissolubleness

Indissolubly

Indissolvable

Indistancy

Indistinct

Indistinctible

Indistinction

Indistinctly

Indistinctness

Indistinguishable

Indistinguishing

Indisturbance

Inditch

Indite

Indite

Indited

Inditement

Inditing

Individable

Individed

Individual

Individual

Individuality

Individualize

Individualized

Individualizing

Individually

Individuate

Individuate

Individuation

Individuity

Indivinity

Indivisibility

Indivisible

Indivisible

Indivisibleness

Indivisibly

Indocible

Indocile

Indocility

Indoctrinate

Indoctrinated

Indoctrinating

Indoctrination

Indolence

Indolent

Indolently

Indomitable

Indomptable

Indorsable

Indorse

Indorsee

Indorsement

Indorser

Indraught

Indrench

Indubious

Indubitable

Indubitableness

Indubitably

Indubitate

Induce

Induced

Inducement

Inducer

Inducible

Inducing

Induct

Inducted

Inductile

Inductility

Inducting

Induction

Inductive

Inductively

Inductor

Indue

Indued

Induement

Induing

Indulge

Indulge

Indulged

Indulgence

Indulgent

Indulgential

Indulgently

Indulger

Indulging

Indult

Indurate

Indurate

Indurated

Indurating

Induration

Industrious

Industriously

Industry

Indweller

Indwelling

Indwelling

Inebriant

Inebriant

Inebriate

Inebriate

Inebriate

Inebriated

Inebriating

Inebriation

Inebriety

Inedited

Ineffable

Ineffableness

Ineffably

Ineffective

Ineffectual

Ineffectually

Ineffectualness

Ineffervescence

Ineffervescent

Ineffervescibility

Ineffervescible

Inefficacious

Inefficaciously

Inefficaciousness

Inefficacy

Inefficiency

Inefficient

Inefficiently

Inelaborate

Inelastic

Inelasticity

Inelegance

Inelegant

Inelegantly

Ineligibility

Ineligible

Ineloquent

Ineloquently

Ineluctable

Ineludible

Inenarrable

Inept

Ineptitude

Ineptly

Ineptness

Inequal

Inequality

Inequidistant

Inequilateral

Inequitable

Inequivalve

Inerm

Inerrability

Inerrable

Inerrableness

Inerrably

Inerratic

Inerringly

Inert

Inertion

Inertitude

Inertly

Inertness

Inescate

Inescation

Inestimable

Inestimably

Inevidence

Inevident

Inevitability

Inevitable

Inevitableness

Inevitably

Inexact

Inexactness

Inexcitable

Inexcusable

Inexcusableness

Inexcusably

Inexecution

Inexertion

Inexhalable

Inexhausted

Inexhaustible

Inexhaustibleness

Inexhaustive

Inexistence

Inexistent

Inexorability

Inexorable

Inexorably

Inexpectation

Inexpected

Inexpedience

Inexpedient

Inexperience

Inexperienced

Inexpert

Inexpiable

Inexpiably

Inexplainable

Inexpleably

Inexplicable

Inexplicably

Inexplorable

Inexpressible

Inexpressibly

Inexpressive

Inexposure

Inexpugnable

Inexsuperable

Inextended

Inextension

Inexterminable

Inextinct

Inextinguishable

Inextirpable

Inextricable

Inextricableness

Inextricably

Ineye

Infabricated

Infallibility

Infallible

Infallibly

Infame

Infamous

Infamously

Infamousness

Infancy

Infandous

Infangthef

Infant

Infant

Infanta

Infante

Infanticide

Infantile

Infantine

Infantlike

Infantly

Infantry

Infarce

Infarction

Infashionable

Infatigable

Infatuate

Infatuated

Infatuating

Infatuation

Infausting

Infeasibility

Infeasible

Infect

Infect

Infected

Infecter

Infecting

Infection

Infectious

Infectiously

Infectiousness

Infective

Infecund

Infecundity

Infelicity

Infer

Inferable

Inference

Infeoff

Inferior

Inferior

Inferiority

Infernal

Infernal

Infertile

Infertility

Infest

Infestation

Infested

Infestered

Infesting

Infestive

Infestivity

Infestuous

Infeudation

Infidel

Infidel

Infidelity

Infiltrate

Infiltrating

Infiltration

Infinite

Infinitely

Infiniteness

Infinitesimal

Infinitesimal

Infinitive

Infinitude

Infinity

Infirm

Infirm

Infirmary

Infirmity

Infirmness

Infix

Infixed

Infixing

Inflame

Inflame

Inflamed

Inflamer

Inflaming

Inflammability

Inflammable

Inflammableness

Inflammation

Inflammatory

Inflate

Inflate

Inflated

Inflating

Inflation

Inflect

Inflected

Inflecting

Inflection

Inflective

Inflexed

Inflexibility

Inflexible

Inflexibly

Inflexion

Inflict

Inflicted

Inflicter

Inflicting

Infliction

Inflictive

Inflorescence

Influence

Influence

Influenced

Influencing

Influent

Influential

Influentially

Influenza

Influx

Influxion

Influxious

Influxive

Infold

Infolded

Infolding

Infoliate

Inform

Inform

Inform

Informal

Informality

Informally

Informant

Information

Informative

Informed

Informer

Informidable

Informing

Informity

Informous

Infortunate

Infortunately

Infortune

Infract

Infraction

Infractor

Inframundane

Infrangible

Infrequence

Infrequent

Infrigidate

Infrigidation

Infringe

Infringed

Infringement

Infringer

Infringing

Infucate

Infumed

Infundibuliform

Infuriate

Infuriate

Infuscate

Infuscation

Infuse

Infuse

Infused

Infuser

Infusibility

Infusible

Infusible

Infusing

Infusion

Infusive

Infusory

Ingannation

Ingate

Ingathering

Ingelable

Ingeminate

Ingeminate

Ingemination

Ingender

Ingenerability

Ingenerable

Ingenerate

Ingenerate

Ingenerated

Ingenerating

Ingenious

Ingeniously

Ingeniousness

Ingenite

Ingenuity

Ingenuous

Ingenuously

Ingenuousness

Ingeny

Ingest

Ingestion

Ingle

Inglorious

Ingloriously

Ingot

Ingraft

Ingrafted

Ingrafting

Ingraftment

Ingrain

Ingrained

Ingraining

Ingrappled

Ingrate

Ingrate

Ingratefully

Ingratefulness

Ingratiate

Ingratiating

Ingratiating

Ingratitude

Ingrave

Ingravidate

Ingreat

Ingredient

Ingress

Ingression

Inguinal

Ingulf

Ingulfed

Ingulfing

Ingurgitate

Ingurgitate

Ingurgitation

Ingustable

Inhabile

Inhability

Inhabit

Inhabit

Inhabitable

Inhabitance

Inhabitancy

Inhabitant

Inhabitation

Inhabited

Inhabiter

Inhabiting

Inhabitress

Inhale

Inhaled

Inhaler

Inhaling

Inharmonic

Inharmonious

Inharmoniously

Inhere

Inherence

Inherent

Inherently

Inhering

Inherit

Inherit

Inheritable

Inheritably

Inheritance

Inherited

Inheriting

Inheritor

Inheritress

Inherse

Inhesion

Inhiation

Inhibit

Inhibited

Inhibiting

Inhibition

Inhold

Inholder

Inhoop

Inhospitable

Inhospitably

Inhospitableness

Inhuman

Inhumanity

Inhumanly

Inhumate

Inhumation

Inhumed

Inhuming

Inimaginable

Inimical

Inimitability

Inimitable

Inimitably

Iniquitous

Iniquity

Iniquous

Inirritability

Inirritable

Inirritative

Inisle

Initial

Initial

Initially

Initiate

Initiate

Initiate

Initiate

Initiated

Initiating

Initiation

Initiatory

Initiatory

Inject

Injected

Injecting

Injection

Injoin

Injucundity

Injudicable

Injudicial

Injudicious

Injudiciously

Injudiciousness

Injunction

Injure

Injured

Injurer

Injuring

Injurious

Injuriously

Injuriousness

Injury

Injustice

Ink

Ink

Inkhorn

Inkiness

Inkle

Inkling

Inkmaker

Inknot

Inkstand

Ink-Stone

Inky

Inlace

Inlaid

Inland

Inland

Inlander

Inlandish

Inlapidate

Inlay

Inlay

Inlayer

Inlaying

Inlaw

Inlet

Inlist

Inlist

Inlisted

Inlisting

Inlistment

Inlock

Inly

Inly

Inmate

Inmate

Inmost

Inn

Innholder

Innkeeper

Inn

Inn

Innate

Innated

Innately

Innateness

Innavigable

Inner

Innerly

Innermost

Innerve

Inning

Innings

Innocence

Innocent

Innocent

Innocently

Innocuous

Innocuously

Innocuousness

Innominable

Innominate

Innovate

Innovate

Innovated

Innovating

Innovation

Innovator

Innoxious

Innoxiously

Innoxiousness

Innuendo

Innuent

Innumerability

Innumerable

Innumerably

Innumerous

Innutrition

Innutritious

Inobedience

Inobedient

Inobservable

Inobservance

Inobservant

Inobservation

Inoculate

Inoculate

Inoculated

Inoculating

Inoculation

Inoculator

Inodiate

Inodorate

Inodorous

Inoffensive

Inoffensively

Inoffensiveness

Inofficial

Inofficially

Inofficious

Inoperation

Inoperative

Inopportune

Inopportunely

Inoppressive

Inopulent

Inordinacy

Inordinate

Inordinately

Inordinateness

Inordination

Inorganic

Inorganically

Inorganized

Inosculate

Inosculate

Inosculating

Inosculation

Inquest

Inquiet

Inquietation

Inquietude

Inquinate

Inquination

Inquirable

Inquire

Inquire

Inquirent

Inquirer

Inquiring

Inquiry

Inquisition

Inquisitional

Inquisitive

Inquisitive

Inquisitively

Inquisitiveness

Inquisitor

Inquisitorial

Inquisitorious

Inrail

Inrailed

Inrailing

Inregister

Inroad

Insafety

Insalubrious

Insalubrity

Insalutary

Insanable

Insane

Insane

Insanely

Insaneness

Insapory

Insatiable

Insatiableness

Insatiably

Insatiate

Insatiately

Insatiety

Insatisfaction

Insaturable

Inscience

Inscribe

Inscribed

Inscriber

Inscribing

Inscription

Inscriptive

Inscroll

Inscrutability

Inscrutable

Inscrutably

Insculp

Insculption

Insculpture

Inseam

Insearch

Insecable

Insect

Insect

Insectator

Insected

Insectile

Insectile

Insection

Insectivorous

Insectologer

Insecure

Insecurely

Insecurity

Insecution

Inseminate

Insemination

Insensate

Insensibility

Insensible

Insensibleness

Insensibly

Insentient

Inseparable

Inseparableness

Inseparably

Inseparate

Inseparately

Insert

Inserted

Inserting

Insertion

Inservient

Inset

Inshaded

Inshell

Inshelter

Inship

Inshrine

Inside

Insidiate

Insidiator

Insidious

Insidiously

Insidiousness

Insight

Insignia

Insignificance

Insignificant

Insignificant

Insignificantly

Insignificative

Insincere

Insincerely

Insincerity

Insinew

Insinuant

Insinuate

Insinuate

Insinuated

Insinuating

Insinuation

Insinuative

Insinuator

Insipid

Insipidity

Insipidly

Insipience

Insist

Insistent

Insisture

Insitiency

Insition

Insnare

Insnared

Insnarer

Insnaring

Insobriety

Insociable

Insolate

Insolated

Insolating

Insolation

Insolence

Insolence

Insolent

Insolently

Insolidity

Insolubility

Insoluble

Insolvable

Insolvency

Insolvent

Insolvent

Insomnious

Insomuch

Inspect

Inspect

Inspected

Inspecting

Inspection

Inspector

Inspectorate

Inspersed

Inspersion

Inspeximus

Insphere

Inspirable

Inspiration

Inspiratory

Inspire

Inspire

Inspired

Inspirer

Inspiring

Inspirit

Inspirited

Inspiriting

Inspissate

Inspissated

Inspissating

Inspissation

Instability

Instable

Instableness

Install

Installation

Installed

Installing

Installment

Instance

Instance

Instance

Instanced

Instant

Instant

Instantaneity

Instantaneous

Instantaneously

Instantaneousness

Instanter

Instantly

Instar

Instate

Instated

Instating

Instauration

Instaurator

Instead

Insteep

Insteeped

Insteeping

Instep

Instigate

Instigated

Instigating

Instigation

Instigator

Instill

Instillation

Instilled

Instiller

Instilling

Instillment

Instimulate

Instimulating

Instimulation

Instinct

Instinct

Instincted

Instinction

Instinctive

Instinctively

Institute

Institute

Instituted

Instituting

Institution

Institutional

Institutionary

Institutist

Institutive

Institutor

Instop

Instratified

Instruct

Instructed

Instructible

Instructing

Instruction

Instructive

Instructively

Instructor

Instructress

Instrument

Instrumental

Instrumentality

Instrumentally

Instrumentalness

Instyle

Insuavity

Insubjection

Insubmission

Insubordinate

Insubordination

Insubstantial

Insuccation

Insufferable

Insufferably

Insufficiency

Insufficient

Insufficiently

Insufflation

Insuitable

Insular

Insular

Insulate

Insulated

Insulating

Insulation

Insulator

Insulse

Insult

Insult

Insult

Insultation

Insulted

Insulter

Insulting

Insultingly

Insume

Insuperability

Insuperable

Insuperableness

Insuperably

Insupportable

Insupportableness

Insupportably

Insuppressible

Insuppressive

Insurable

Insurance

Insurancer

Insure

Insure

Insured

Insurer

Insurgent

Insurgent

Insuring

Insurmountable

Insurmountably

Insurrection

Insurrectional

Insurrectionary

Insusceptibility

Insusceptible

Insusurration

Intactable

Intagliated

Intaglio

Intangible

Intangibleness

Intastable

Integer

Integral

Integral

Integrality

Integrally

Integrant

Integrate

Integrated

Integration

Integrity

Integumation

Integument

Intellect

Intellection

Intellective

Intellectual

Intellectual

Intellectualist

Intellectuality

Intellectually

Intelligence

Intelligence

Intelligenced

Intelligence-Office

Intelligencer

Intelligencing

Intelligent

Intelligential

Intelligibility

Intelligible

Intelligibly

Intemerate

Intemerateness

Intemperament

Intemperance

Intemperate

Intemperate

Intemperately

Intemperateness

Intemperature

Intempestive

Intempestively

Intempestivity

Intenable

Intend

Intendant

Intended

Intender

Intendiment

Intending

Intendment

Intenerate

Intenerated

Intenerating

Inteneration

Intense

Intensely

Intenseness

Intension

Intensity

Intensive

Intensively

Intent

Intent

Intention

Intentional

Intentionally

Intentioned

Intentive

Intentively

Intentiveness

Intently

Intentness

Inter

Inter

Interact

Interamnian

Interanimate

Interbastation

Intercalar

Intercalate

Intercalated

Intercalating

Intercalation

Intercede

Intercedent

Interceder

Interceding

Intercept

Intercepted

Intercepter

Intercepting

Interception

Intercession

Intercessor

Intercessory

Interchain

Interchained

Interchaining

Interchange

Interchange

Interchangeable

Interchangeableness

Interchangeably

Interchanged

Interchangement

Interchanging

Intercident

Intercipient

Intercipient

Intercision

Interclude

Intercluded

Intercluding

Interclusion

Intercolumniation

Intercommon

Intercommoning

Intercommunicate

Intercommunication

Intercommunion

Intercommunity

Intercostal

Intercostal

Intercourse

Intercur

Intercurrence

Intercurrent

Intercutaneous

Interdeal

Interdict

Interdict

Interdicted

Interdicting

Interdiction

Interdictive

Interdictory

Interequinoctial

Interess

Interest

Interest

Interested

Interesting

Interfere

Interference

Interfering

Interfering

Interfluent

Interfoliaceous

Interfulgent

Interfused

Interim

Interior

Interior

Interjacency

Interjacent

Interject

Interjected

Interjecting

Interjection

Interjectional

Interjoin

Interknowledge

Interlace

Interlaced

Interlacing

Interlapse

Interlard

Interlarded

Interlarding

Interleaf

Interleave

Interleaved

Interleaving

Interline

Interlinear

Interlineary

Interlineation

Interlined

Interlining

Interlining

Interlink

Interlinked

Interlinking

Interlocation

Interlocution

Interlocutor

Interlocutory

Interlope

Interloper

Interloping

Interlucate

Interlucation

Interlucent

Interlude

Interluder

Interluency

Interlunar

Intermarriage

Intermarried

Intermarry

Intermarrying

Intermean

Intermeation

Intermeddle

Intermeddler

Intermeddling

Intermeddling

Intermedial

Intermediary

Intermediate

Intermediate

Intermediately

Intermediation

Intermedium

Intermell

Interment

Intermention

Intermication

Intermigration

Interminable

Interminate

Interminate

Intermination

Intermingle

Intermingle

Intermingled

Intermingling

Intermission

Intermissive

Intermit

Intermit

Intermitted

Intermittent

Intermittent

Intermitting

Intermittingly

Intermix

Intermix

Intermixed

Intermixing

Intermixture

Intermontane

Intermundane

Intermural

Intermuscular

Intermutation

Intermutual

Intern

Internal

Internally

International

Internecine

Internecion

Internection

Internode

Internuncio

Interosseal

Interpeal

Interpel

Interpellation

Interplead

Interpleader

Interpledge

Interpoint

Interpolate

Interpolated

Interpolating

Interpolation

Interpolator

Interpolish

Interpone

Interposal

Interpose

Interpose

Interpose

Interposed

Interposer

Interposing

Interposit

Interposition

Interposure

Interpret

Interpretable

Interpretation

Interpretative

Interpretatively

Interpreted

Interpreter

Interpreting

Interpunction

Interregnum

Interreign

Interrer

Interrex

Interrogate

Interrogate

Interrogated

Interrogating

Interrogation

Interrogative

Interrogative

Interrogatively

Interrogator

Interrogatory

Interrogatory

Interrupt

Interrupt

Interrupted

Interruptedly

Interrupter

Interrupting

Interruption

Interscapular

Interscind

Interscribe

Intersecant

Intersect

Intersect

Intersected

Intersecting

Intersection

Interseminate

Intersert

Intersertion

Interspace

Intersperse

Interspersed

Interspersing

Interspersion

Interstellar

Interstice

Interstinctive

Interstitial

Interstratified

Intertalk

Intertangle

Intertexture

Intertie

Intertropical

Intertwine

Intertwined

Intertwining

Intertwist

Intertwisted

Intertwisting

Interval

Interveined

Intervene

Intervene

Intervenient

Intervening

Intervention

Intervenue

Intervert

Interview

Intervolve

Intervolved

Intervolving

Interweave

Interweaving

Interweaving

Interwish

Interworking

Interwreathed

Intestable

Intestacy

Intestate

Intestate

Intestinal

Intestine

Intestine

Inthirst

Inthrall

Inthralled

Inthralling

Inthrallment

Inthrone

Inthronization

Inthronize

Intimacy

Intimate

Intimate

Intimate

Intimate

Intimated

Intimately

Intimating

Intimation

Intime

Intimidate

Intimidated

Intimidating

Intimidation

Intinctivity

Intire

Intitle

Into

Intolerable

Intolerableness

Intolerably

Intolerance

Intolerant

Intolerant

Intolerated

Intoleration

Intomb

Intombed

Intombing

Intonate

Intonation

Intone

Intorsion

Intort

Intorted

Intorting

Intoxicate

Intoxicate

Intoxicated

Intoxication

Intractable

Intractableness

Intractably

Intrafoliaceous

Intrance

Intranquillity

Intransient

Intransitive

Intransitively

Intransmissible

Intransmutability

Intransmutable

Intrant

Intreasure

Intreatful

Intrench

Intrenchant

Intrenched

Intrenching

Intrenchment

Intrepid

Intrepidity

Intrepidly

Intricable

Intricacy

Intricate

Intricate

Intricately

Intricateness

Intrication

Intrigue

Intrigue

Intrigue

Intriguer

Intriguing

Intriguingly

Intrinsecate

Intrinsic

Intrinsically

Introduce

Introduced

Introducer

Introducing

Introduction

Introductive

Introductor

Introductory

Introgression

Intromission

Intromit

Intromit

Introreception

Introspect

Introspection

Introsusception

Introvenient

Introversion

Introvert

Intrude

Intrude

Intruded

Intruder

Intruding

Intrusion

Intrusive

Intrust

Intrusted

Intrusting

Intuition

Intuitive

Intuitively

Intumesce

Intumescence

Inturgescence

Intuse

Intwine

Intwined

Intwining

Intwist

Intwisted

Intwisting

Inulin

Inumbrate

Inunction

Inunctuosity

Inundant

Inundate

Inundated

Inundating

Inundation

Inunderstanding

Inurbanity

Inure

Inure

Inured

Inurement

Inuring

Inurn

Inurned

Inurning

Inusitation

Inustion

Inutile

Inutility

Inutterable

Invade

Invaded

Invader

Invading

Invalescence

Invaletudinary

Invalid

Invalid

Invalidate

Invalidated

Invalidating

Invalidity

Invalidness

Invaluable

Invaluably

Invariable

Invariableness

Invariably

Invaried

Invasion

Invasive

Invection

Invective

Invective

Invectively

Inveigh

Inveigher

Inveighing

Inveigle

Inveigled

Inveiglement

Inveigler

Inveigling

Inveiled

Invent

Invented

Inventer

Inventing

Invention

Inventive

Inventor

Inventorially

Inventoried

Inventory

Inventory

Inventress

Inverse

Inversely

Inversion

Invert

Invertebral

Invertebrated

Inverted

Invertedly

Invertent

Inverting

Invest

Invested

Investient

Investigable

Investigate

Investigated

Investigating

Investigation

Investigative

Investigator

Investiture

Investive

Investment

Inveteracy

Inveterate

Inveterate

Inveterately

Inveterateness

Inveteration

Invidious

Invidiously

Invidiousness

Invigilance

Invigorate

Invigorated

Invigorating

Invigoration

Invillaged

Invincible

Invincibleness

Invincibly

Inviolable

Inviolableness

Inviolably

Inviolate

Inviolated

Invious

Inviousness

Inviscate

Inviscerate

Invisibility

Invisible

Invisibly

Invision

Invitation

Invitatory

Invitatory

Invite

Invited

Inviter

Inviting

Inviting

Invitingly

Invitingness

Invitrifiable

Invocate

Invocated

Invocating

Invocation

Invoice

Invoice

Invoiced

Invoicing

Invoke

Invoked

Invoking

Involucel

Involucellate

Involucrum

Involucred

Involucret

Involuntarily

Involuntariness

Involuntary

Involute

Involute

Involution

Involve

Involved

Involving

Invulnerability

Invulnerable

Inwall

Inward

Inward

Inwardly

Inwardness

Inwards

Inweave

Inwheel

Inwit

Inwood

Inworking

Inworking

Inwove

Inwrap

Inwreathe

Inwrought

Iodate

Iodic

Iodide

Iodin

Iodous

Ioduret

Iolite

Ionic

Ipecacuanha

Irascibility

Irascible

Ire

Ireful

Irefully

Irenarch

Iridescence

Iridescent

Iridium

Iris

Irisated

Irised

Irish

Irish

Irishism

Irk

Irksome

Irksomely

Irksomeness

Iron

Iron

Iron

Iron-Clay

Ironed

Ironflint

Ironhearted

Ironmold

Ironmonger

Ironsick

Ironstone

Ironwood

Ironwork

Ironworks

Ironwort

Ironical

Ironically

Ironist

Irony

Irony

Irous

Irradiance

Irradiate

Irradiate

Irradiate

Irradiated

Irradiating

Irradiation

Irrational

Irrationality

Irrationally

Irreclaimable

Irreclaimably

Irreconcilable

Irreconcilableness

Irreconcilably

Irreconcile

Irreconciled

Irreconcilement

Irreconciliation

Irrecoverable

Irrecoverableness

Irrecoverably

Irrecuperable

Irrecuperably

Irredeemable

Irredeemableness

Irreducible

Irreducibleness

Irrefragable

Irrefragableness

Irrefragably

Irrefutable

Irrefutably

Irregeneracy

Irregular

Irregular

Irregularity

Irregularly

Irregulate

Irrelative

Irrelatively

Irrelevancy

Irrelevant

Irrelevantly

Irrelievable

Irreligion

Irreligionist

Irreligious

Irreligiously

Irreligiousness

Irremeable

Irremediable

Irremediableness

Irremediably

Irremissible

Irremissibleness

Irremissibly

Irremovability

Irremovable

Irremunerable

Irrenowned

Irreparability

Irreparable

Irreparably

Irrepealability

Irrepealable

Irrepealableness

Irrepealably

Irrepentance

Irrepleviable

Irreplevisable

Irreprehensible

Irreprehensibleness

Irreprehensibly

Irrepresentable

Irrepressible

Irreproachable

Irreproachableness

Irreproachably

Irreprovable

Irreprovably

Irresistance

Irresistibility

Irresistible

Irresistibly

Irresoluble

Irresolubleness

Irresolute

Irresolutely

Irresoluteness

Irresolution

Irresolvedly

Irrespective

Irrespectively

Irrespirable

Irresponsibility

Irresponsible

Irretentive

Irretrievable

Irretrievableness

Irretrievably

Irreturnable

Irreverence

Irreverent

Irreverently

Irreversible

Irreversibleness

Irreversibly

Irrevocability

Irrevocable

Irrevocably

Irrevokable

Irrevoluble

Irrigate

Irrigated

Irrigating

Irrigation

Irriguous

Irrision

Irritability

Irritable

Irritant

Irritant

Irritate

Irritated

Irritating

Irritation

Irritative

Irritatory

Irroration

Irruption

Irruptive

Is

Isabel

Isagogic

Isagon

Isatis

Ischiadic

Ischuretic

Ischuretic

Ischury

Iserin

Isicle

Isinglass

Isinglass-Stone

Islamism

Island

Islander

Isle

Islet

Isochronal

Isolate

Isolated

Isolating

Isomorphism

Isomorphous

Isonomy

Isoperimetrical

Isoperimetry

Isosceles

Israelite

Israelitic

Isothermal

Isotonic

Issuable

Issue

Issue

Issue

Issued

Issueless

Issuing

Issuing

Isthmus

It

Italian

Italian

Italianate

Italianize

Italic

Italicize

Italics

Itch

Itch

Itching

Itchy

Item

Item

Item

Iterable

Iterant

Iterate

Iterated

Iterating

Iteration

Iterative

Itinerant

Itinerant

Itinerary

Itinerary

Itinerate

Itself

Ittrium

Ivory

Ivory

Ivory-Black

Ivy

Ivyed

J

J

Jabber

Jabber

Jabberer

Jabbering

Jabberment

Jabiru

Jacamar

Jacent

Jacinth

Jack

Jackalent

Jackanapes

Jackass

Jack-Block

Jackboots

Jackdaw

Jackflag

Jackpudding

Jacksmith

Jackal

Jacket

Jacketed

Jacobin

Jacobine

Jacobinic

Jacobinism

Jacobinize

Jacobite

Jacobite

Jacobitism

Jacobs-Ladder

Jacobs-Staff

Jacobus

Jaconet

Jactancy

Jactitation

Jaculate

Jaculation

Jaculator

Jaculatory

Jade

Jade

Jade

Jade

Jaded

Jadery

Jading

Jadish

Jag

Jagg

Jagg

Jagged

Jaggedness

Jagging

Jaggy

Jaguar

Jah

Jail

Jailbird

Jailer

Jailfever

Jakes

Jalap

Jam

Jam

Jam

Jamb

Jambee

Jambeux

Jane

Jangle

Jangle

Jangler

Jangling

Jangling

Janitor

Janizarian

Janizary

Jannock

Jansenism

Jant

Jant

Jantily

Jantiness

Janty

January

Japan

Japan-Earth

Japan

Japanese

Japanese

Japanned

Japanner

Japanning

Japanning

Jape

Jape

Jape

Japer

Japhetic

Japu

Jar

Jar

Jar

Jar

Jararaca

Jarble

Jardes

Jargle

Jargon

Jargonelle

Jargonic

Jarred

Jarring

Jarring

Jashawk

Jasmin

Jaspachate

Jasper

Jasperated

Jaspidean

Jasponyx

Jaunce

Jaundice

Jaundiced

Jaunt

Javel

Javelin

Jaw

Jaw

Jaw

Jawed

Jawfall

Jawfallen

Jawn

Jawy

Jay

Jayet

Jazel

Jealous

Jealously

Jealousness

Jealousy

Jears

Jeat

Jeer

Jeer

Jeer

Jeered

Jeerer

Jeering

Jeering

Jeeringly

Jeffersonite

Jegget

Jehovah

Jehovist

Jejune

Jejuneness

Jellied

Jelly

Jellybag

Jenite

Jennet

Jenneting

Jenny

Jentling

Jeofail

Jeopard

Jeoparder

Jeopardize

Jeopardous

Jeopardously

Jeopardy

Jerboa

Jerk

Jerk

Jerk

Jerkin

Jersey

Jerusalem Artichoke

Jess

Jessamin

Jesse

Jessed

Jest

Jest

Jester

Jesting

Jesting

Jestingly

Jesting-Stock

Jesuit

Jesuited

Jesuitess

Jesuitic

Jesuitically

Jesuitism

Jesuits-Bark

Jet

Jet

Jet

Jetteau

Jetsam

Jettee

Jetty

Jetty

Jetty

Jettyhead

Jew

Jewel

Jewel

Jewel-House

Jewel-Like

Jeweled

Jeweler

Jeweling

Jewelry

Jewess

Jewish

Jewishly

Jewishness

Jewry

Jews-Ear

Jews-Frankincense

Jews-Harp

Jews-Mallow

Jews-Pitch

Jews-Stone

Jezebel

Jib

Jib-Boom

Jiboya

Jig

Jig

Jigger

Jiggish

Jigmaker

Jigpin

Jill

Jill-Flirt

Jilt

Jilt

Jilt

Jimmers

Jingle

Jingle

Jingle

Jingling

Jippo

Job

Job

Job

Jobber

Jobbernowl

Jobs-Tears

Jockey

Jockey

Jockeyship

Jocose

Jocosely

Jocoseness

Joco-Serious

Jocular

Jocularity

Jocularaly

Joculary

Joculator

Joculatory

Jocund

Jocundity

Jocundly

Jog

Jog

Jog

Jogger

Jogging

Jogging

Joggle

Joggled

Joggling

Johannes

Johnapple

Join

Join

Joinder

Joined

Joiner

Joinery

Joinhand

Joining

Joint

Joint

Joint

Jointed

Jointer

Joint-Heir

Jointly

Jointress

Jointstool

Joint-Tenancy

Joint-Tenant

Jointure

Jointure

Jointured

Joist

Joist

Joke

Joke

Joke

Joker

Joking

Jole

Jole

Jollily

Jolliment

Jolliness

Jolly

Jolly-Boat

Jolt

Jolt

Jolt

Jolter

Jolthead

Jolting

Jonquil

Jorden

Joso

Jostle

Jostled

Jostling

Jostling

Jot

Jot

Jotting

Jouissance

Journal

Journalist

Journalize

Journey

Journey

Journeying

Journeying

Journeyman

Journey-Work

Joust

Jove

Jovial

Jovial

Jovialist

Jovially

Jovialness

Jowl

Jowler

Jowter

Joy

Joy

Joy

Joyance

Joyed

Joyful

Joyfully

Joyfulness

Joyless

Joylessly

Joylessness

Joyous

Joyously

Joyousness

Jub

Jubilant

Jubilation

Jubilee

Jucundity

Judaic

Judaically

Judaism

Judaize

Judaizer

Judaizing

Judas-Tree

Juddock

Judge

Judge

Judge

Judged

Judger

Judgeship

Judging

Judgment

Judgment-Day

Judgment-Hall

Judgment-Seat

Judicative

Judicatory

Judicatory

Judicature

Judicial

Judicially

Judiciary

Judiciary

Judicious

Judiciously

Judiciousness

Jug

Juggle

Juggle

Juggle

Juggler

Juggling

Juggling

Jugglingly

Jugular

Jugular

Juice

Juice

Juiceless

Juiciness

Juicy

Juise

Jujub

Juke

Julep

Julian

Julis

Julus

July

July-Flower

Jumart

Jumble

Jumble

Jumble

Jumbled

Jumblement

Jumbler

Jumbling

Jument

Jump

Jump

Jump

Jump

Jump

Jumper

Jumping

Juncate

Juncous

Junction

Juncture

June

Jungle

Jungly

Junior

Junior

Juniority

Juniper

Junk

Junket

Junket

Junto

Jupiter

Juppon

Jurat

Juratory

Juridical

Juridically

Jurisconsult

Jurisdiction

Jurisdictional

Jurisdictive

Jurisprudence

Jurisprudent

Jurisprudential

Jurist

Juror

Jury

Juryman

Jurymast

Just

Just

Just

Just

Justice

Justice

Justiceable

Justicer

Justiceship

Justiciary

Justifiable

Justifiableness

Justifiably

Justification

Justificative

Justificator

Justifier

Justify

Justify

Justle

Justle

Justly

Justness

Jut

Jut

Jutting

Jutty

Jutty

Jut-Window

Juvenile

Juvenility

Juxtaposited

Juxtaposition

K

K

Kaaling

Kabbos

Kale

Kalendar

Kali

Kalif

Kalmia

Kam

Kan

Kangaroo

Kaolin

Karagane

Karpholite

Kata

Kaw

Kaw

Kawn

Kayle

Keck

Keck

Keckle

Kecksy

Kecky

Kedge

Kedge

Kedlack

Kee

Keech

Keel

Keel

Keel

Keelage

Keeled

Keelfat

Keelhaul

Keeling

Keelson

Keen

Keen

Keenly

Keenness

Keep

Keep

Keep

Keeper

Keepership

Keeping

Keeping

Keepsake

Keffekil

Keg

Kell

Kell

Kelp

Kelpy

Kelson

Kelter

Kemb

Kemelin

Ken

Ken

Ken

Kendal-Green

Kennel

Kennel

Kennel

Kennel

Kenning

Kentle

Kentledge

Kept

Kerb-Stone

Kerchief

Kerchiefed

Kerf

Kermes

Kermes-Mineral

Kern

Kern

Kern

Kern-Baby

Kernel

Kernel

Kernelly

Kersey

Kerve

Kerver

Kesar

Kestrel

Ketch

Ketchup

Kettle

Kettle-Drum

Kettle-Drummer

Kettle-Pins

Kevel

Kex

Key

Key

Keyage

Key-Cold

Keyed

Keyhole

Keystone

Khan

Khanate

Kibe

Kibed

Kiby

Kick

Kick

Kick

Kicked

Kicker

Kicking

Kicking

Kickshaw

Kickshoe

Kid

Kid

Kid

Kidder

Kiddle

Kiddow

Kidling

Kidnap

Kidnapped

Kidnapper

Kidnapping

Kidnapping

Kidney

Kidney-Bean

Kidney-Form

Kidney-Vetch

Kidney-Wort

Kiffekill

Kil

Kilderkin

Kill

Killas

Killdee

Killed

Killer

Killing

Killinite

Killow

Kiln

Kiln-Dried

Kiln-Dry

Kiln-Drying

Kilogram

Kiloliter

Kilometer

Kilt

Kilt

Kimbo

Kin

Kin

Kinate

Kind

Kind

Kinded

Kindle

Kindle

Kindled

Kindler

Kindless

Kindliness

Kindling

Kindly

Kindly

Kindness

Kindred

Kindred

Kine

King

King

Kingapple

Kings Bench

Kingbird

Kingcraft

Kingcup

Kings-Evil

Kingfisher

Kings-Spear

Kingstone

Kingdom

Kingdomed

Kinghood

Kingless

Kinglike

Kingling

Kingly

Kingly

Kingship

Kinic

Kink

Kink

Kinkhaust

Kino

Kingfolk

Kinsman

Kinswoman

Kipper

Kirk

Kirkman

Kirtle

Kirtled

Kiss

Kiss

Kissed

Kisser

Kissing

Kissing-Comfit

Kissing-Crust

Kist

Kit

Kit-Cat

Kitchen

Kitchen-Garden

Kitchen-Maid

Kitchen-Stuff

Kitchen-Wench

Kitchen-Work

Kite

Kite

Kitefoot

Kitesfoot

Kith

Kitling

Kitten

Kitten

Kittiwake

Kittle

Klick

Klick

Knab

Knabble

Knack

Knack

Knacker

Knag

Knaggy

Knap

Knap

Knap

Knapbottle

Knappish

Knapple

Knapsack

Knapweed

Knar

Knarled

Knarry

Knave

Knavery

Knavish

Knavishly

Knavishness

Knawel

Knead

Kneaded

Kneading

Kneading-Trough

Knebelite

Knee

Knee

Knee-Crooking

Kneed

Knee-Deep

Knee-High

Kneeholly

Kneeholm

Kneepan

Kneel

Kneeler

Kneeling

Kneetribute

Knell

Knew

Knife

Knight

Knight

Knight-Errant

Knight-Errantry

Knight-Heads

Knightood

Knightliness

Knightly

Knight-Marshal

Knight-Service

Knit

Knit

Knit

Knittable

Knitter

Knitting

Knitting

Knitting-Needle

Knittle

Knob

Knobbed

Knobbiness

Knobby

Knock

Knock

Knock

Knocker

Knocking

Knocking

Knoll

Knoll

Knoll

Knop

Knopped

Knot

Knot

Knot

Knotberry

Knotgrass

Knotless

Knotted

Knottiness

Knotty

Knout

Know

Know

Knowable

Knower

Knowing

Knowing

Knowingly

Knowledge

Knowledge

Knub

Knuckle

Knuckle

Knuckled

Knuff

Knur

Knurled

Knurly

Knurry

Koba

Kokob

Kollyrite

Kommanic

Konilite

Konite

Kopeck

Koran

Koret

Korin

Koupholite

Kraal

Krag

Kraken

Kruka

Kufic

Kumiss

Kuril

Kurilian

Ky

Kyanite

Kyanogen

L

L

L

La

La

Lab

Labadist

Labdanum

Labefaction

Labefy

Label

Label

Labeled

Labeling

Labent

Labial

Labial

Labiate

Labile

Labiodental

Labor

Labor

Labor

Laborant

Laboratory

Labored

Laborer

Laboring

Laborious

Laboriously

Laboriousness

Laborless

Laborsome

Laburnum

Labyrinth

Labyrinthian

Lac

Laccic

Lace

Lace

Lace-Bark

Laced

Laceman

Lacewoman

Lacerable

Lacerate

Lacerate

Laceration

Lacerative

Lacertine

Lacertus

Lache

Lachrymable

Lachrymal

Lachrymary

Lachrymation

Lachrymatory

Lacing

Laciniate

Lack

Lack

Lack

Lack-a-Day

Lackbrain

Lacker

Lacker

Lackered

Lackey

Lackey

Lackey

Lacklinen

Lackluster

Laconic

Laconically

Laconics

Laconism

Lactage

Lactant

Lactary

Lactary

Lactate

Lactation

Lacteal

Lacteal

Lacteous

Lactescence

Lactescent

Lactic

Lactiferous

Lacunar

Lacunous

Lad

Ladanum

Ladder

Lade

Lade

Laded

Lading

Lading

Ladkin

Ladle

Ladle-Ful

Lady

Lady-Bird

Ladys Bed-Straw

Ladys Bower

Ladys Comb

Ladys Cushion

Ladys Finger

Ladys Mantle

Ladys Seal

Ladys Slipper

Ladys Smock

Ladys Traces

Lady-Day

Lady-Like

Ladyship

Lag

Lag

Lag

Laggard

Lagger

Lagging

Lagoon

Laic

Laic

Laid

Lain

Lair

Laird

Laity

Lake

Lake

Laky

Lama

Lamantin

Lamb

Lamb

Lambative

Lambative

Lambent

Lambkin

Lamblike

Lamdoidal

Lame

Lame

Lamel

Lamellar

Lamellarly

Lamellate

Lamelliferous

Lamelliform

Lamely

Lameness

Lament

Lament

Lament

Lamentable

Lamentably

Lamentation

Lamented

Lamenter

Lamentin

Lamenting

Lamenting

Lamia

Lamin

Laminable

Laminar

Laminate

Lamm

Lammas

Lamp

Lampas

Lampblack

Lampiate

Lampic

Lamping

Lampoon

Lampoon

Lampooner

Lampooning

Lampoonry

Lamprey

Lanate

Lance

Lance

Lancely

Lanceolar

Lanceolate

Lancepesade

Lancer

Lancet

Lanch

Lanch

Lanch

Land

Land

Land

Land

Landau

Land-Breeze

Landed

Landfall

Landflood

Land-Force

Landgrave

Landgraviate

Landholder

Landing

Landing

Landjobber

Landlady

Landless

Landlock

Landlocked

Landloper

Landlord

Landman

Landmark

Land-Office

Landscape

Landslip

Landsman

Landstreight

Land-Tax

Land-Turn

Land-Waiter

Landward

Land-Wind

Land-Worker

Lane

Langrage

Langteraloo

Language

Languaged

Language-Master

Languet

Languid

Languidly

Languidness

Languish

Languish

Languish

Languisher

Languishing

Languishingly

Languishment

Languor

Languorous

Langure

Laniard

Laniate

Laniation

Laniferous

Lanifice

Lanigerous

Lank

Lankly

Lankness

Lanky

Lanner

Lansquenet

Lantern

Lantern-Fly

Lantern-Jaws

Lanuginous

Laodicean

Laodiceanism

Lap

Lap

Lap

Lap

Lap

Lapdog

Lapfull

Lapicide

Lapidarious

Lapidary

Lapidary

Lapidate

Lapidation

Lapideous

Lapidescence

Lapidescent

Lapidescent

Lapidific

Lapidification

Lapidify

Lapidify

Lapidist

Lapis

Lapped

Lapper

Lappet

Lapping

Lapse

Lapse

Lapsed

Lapsided

Lapsing

Lapwing

Lapwork

Lar

Larboard

Larboard

Larceny

Larch

Lard

Lard

Lard

Lardaceous

Larded

Larder

Lardry

Large

Large

Largeheartedness

Largely

Largeness

Largess

Largish

Largo

Lark

Larker

Larklike

Larks-Heel

Larkspur

Larmier

Larum

Larva

Larvated

Laryngean

Laryngotomy

Larynx

Lascar

Lasciviency

Lascivious

Lasciviously

Lasciviousness

Lash

Lash

Lash

Lashed

Lasher

Lasher

Lashing

Lass

Lassitude

Lasslorn

Last

Last

Last

Last

Last

Lastage

Lastery

Lasting

Lastingly

Lastingness

Lastly

Latch

Latch

Latchet

Late

Late

Lated

Lateen

Lately

Latency

Lateness

Latent

Later

Lateral

Laterality

Laterally

Lateran

Latered

Laterifolious

Lateritious

Lath

Lath

Lath

Lathe

Lather

Lather

Lather

Lathy

Lathy

Latibulize

Laticlave

Latin

Latin

Latinism

Latinist

Latinity

Latinize

Latinize

Latirostrous

Latish

Latitancy

Latitant

Latitat

Latitude

Latitudinal

Latitudinarian

Latitudinarian

Latitudinarianism

Latrant

Latrate

Latration

Latria

Latrobite

Latrociny

Latten

Latten-Brass

Latter

Latterly

Lattermath

Lattice

Lattice

Lattice

Latticed

Laud

Laud

Laudable

Laudableness

Laudably

Laudanum

Laudative

Laudatory

Laudatory

Lauder

Laugh

Laugh

Laughable

Laugher

Laughing

Laughingly

Laughing-Stock

Laughter

Laugh-Worthy

Laumonite

Launch

Laund

Launder

Launder

Launderer

Laundress

Laundress

Laundry

Laureate

Laureate

Laureated

Laureation

Laurel

Laureled

Lauriferous

Laurustin

Lauskraut

Lautu

Lava

Lavation

Lavatory

Lave

Lave

Lave

Lave-Eared

Laveer

Lavender

Laver

Laverock

Laving

Lavish

Lavish

Lavished

Lavisher

Lavishing

Lavishly

Lavishness

Lavolta

Law

Law-Breaker

Law-Day

Lawful

Lawfully

Lawfulness

Lawgiver

Lawgiving

Lawing

Lawless

Lawlessly

Lawlessness

Law-Maker

Law-Monger

Lawn

Lawn

Lawn

Lawny

Lawsuit

Lawyer

Lawyer-Like

Lawyerly

Lax

Lax

Laxation

Laxative

Laxative

Laxativeness

Laxity

Laxly

Laxness

Lay

Lay

Lay

Lay

Lay

Lay

Lay

Lay-Clerk

Layer

Laying

Layland

Layman

Laystall

Lazar

Lazaret

Lazar-House

Lazar-Like

Lazarwort

Laze

Laze

Lazily

Laziness

Lazing

Lazuli

Lazulite

Lazy

Ld

Lea

Leach

Leach

Leach-Tub

Lead

Lead

Lead

Lead

Lead

Leaden

Leaden-Hearted

Leaden-Heeled

Leaden-Stepping

Leader

Leading

Leading

Leading-Strings

Leadman

Leadwort

Leady

Leaf

Leaf

Leafage

Leafed

Leafless

Leaflet

Leaf-Stalk

Leafy

League

League

League

Leagued

Leaguer

Leaguer

Leak

Leak

Leak

Leakage

Leaky

Leamer

Lean

Lean

Lean

Lean

Leanly

Leanness

Leany

Leap

Leap

Leap

Leaper

Leap-Frog

Leaping

Leapingly

Leap-Year

Learn

Learn

Learned

Learned

Learnedly

Learner

Learning

Learning

Leasable

Lease

Lease

Lease

Leased

Leasehold

Leaser

Leash

Leash

Leasing

Leasow

Least

Least

Leasy

Leat

Leather

Leather

Leather-Coat

Leather-Dresser

Leather-Jacket

Leather-Mouthed

Leathern

Leather-Seller

Leather-Winged

Leathery

Leave

Leave

Leave

Leave

Leaved

Leaven

Leaven

Leavened

Leavening

Leavening

Leavenous

Leaver

Leaves

Leaving

Leavings

Leavy

Lech

Lecher

Lecher

Lecherous

Lecherously

Lecherousness

Lechery

Lection

Lectionary

Lecture

Lecture

Lecture

Lecturer

Lectureship

Lecturing

Lecturn

Led

Leden

Ledge

Ledger

Lee

Lee

Lee

Lee-Board

Lee-Gage

Lee-Lurch

Lee-Shore

Lee-Side

Lee-Tide

Leeward

Leeward

Leeway

Leech

Leech-Craft

Leech-Line

Leech-Rope

Leef

Leek

Leelite

Leer

Leer

Leer

Leer

Leering

Leeringly

Lees

Leese

Leese

Leet

Leet-Ale

Left

Left

Left-Handed

Left-Handedness

Left-Handiness

Leg

Legacy

Legacy-Hunter

Legal

Legality

Legalize

Legally

Legatary

Legate

Legatee

Legateship

Legatine

Legation

Legator

Lege

Legend

Legend

Legendary

Legendary

Leger

Legerdemain

Legerity

Legged

Leggin

Legibility

Legible

Legibleness

Legibly

Legion

Legionary

Legionary

Legislate

Legislation

Legislative

Legislator

Legislatorship

Legislatress

Legislature

Legist

Legitimacy

Legitimate

Legitimate

Legitimately

Legitimateness

Legitimation

Legume

Leguminous

Leisurable

Leisurably

Leisure

Leisurely

Leisurely

Leman

Leme

Leme

Lemma

Lemming

Lemniscate

Lemon

Lemonade

Lemur

Lemures

Lend

Lendable

Lender

Lending

Lending

Lends

Length

Length

Lengthen

Lengthen

Lengthened

Lengthening

Lengthening

Lengthful

Lengthwise

Lengthy

Lenient

Lenient

Lenify

Leniment

Lenitive

Lenitive

Lenity

Lens

Lent

Lent

Lenten

Lenticular

Lenticularly

Lenticulite

Lentiform

Lentiginous

Lentigo

Lentil

Lentisk

Lentitude

Lentner

Lentor

Lentous

Lenzinite

Leo

Leonine

Leoninely

Leopard

Leopards-Bane

Leper

Lepid

Lepidolite

Lepidopter

Lepidopteral

Leporine

Leprosity

Leprosy

Leprous

Leprously

Lere

Lere

Lesion

Less

Less

Less

Less

Less

Less

Lessee

Lessen

Lessen

Lessened

Lessening

Lesser

Lesson

Lesson

Lessoned

Lessoning

Lessor

Lest

Let

Let

Let

Let

Lethal

Lethality

Lethargic

Lethargically

Lethargicalness

Lethargied

Lethargy

Lethargy

Lethe

Lethean

Lethiferous

Letter

Letter

Letter

Letter-Case

Lettered

Lettered

Letter-Founder

Lettering

Letterless

Letter-Press

Lettuce

Leucin

Leucite

Leuco-Ethiopic

Leucophlegmacy

Leucophlegmatic

Leucothiop

Leuthrite

Levant

Levant

Levantine

Levantine

Levator

Leve

Levee

Level

Level

Level

Level

Leveled

Leveler

Leveling

Leveling

Levelness

Leven

Leven

Lever

Leveret

Leverock

Levet

Leviable

Leviathan

Levigate

Levigate

Levigated

Levigating

Levigation

Levitation

Levite

Levitical

Levitically

Leviticus

Levity

Levy

Levy

Lew

Lewd

Lewd

Lewdly

Lewdness

Lewdster

Lexicographer

Lexicographic

Lexicography

Lexicology

Lexicon

Lexiconist

Lexigraphy

Ley

Lherzolite

Liable

Liableness

Liar

Liard

Lias

Lib

Libation

Libbard

Libbards-Bane

Libel

Libel

Libel

Libelant

Libeled

Libeler

Libeling

Libelous

Liberal

Liberality

Liberalize

Liberalize

Liberalizing

Liberally

Liberate

Liberated

Liberating

Liberation

Liberator

Libertarian

Libertinage

Libertine

Libertine

Libertinism

Liberty

Libidinist

Libidinous

Libidinously

Libidinousness

Libra

Librarian

Library

Librate

Librate

Libration

Libratory

Lice

Lice-Bane

License

License

Licenser

Licentiate

Licentiate

Licentious

Licentiously

Licentiousness

Lich

Lich

Lichen

Lichenographic

Lichenographist

Lichenography

Licit

Licitly

Licitness

Lick

Lick

Lick

Lick

Licker

Lickerish

Lickerishly

Lickerishness

Licorice

Licorous

Lictor

Lid

Lie

Lie

Lie

Lie

Lief

Lief

Liege

Liege

Liege-Man

Lien

Lien

Lienteric

Lientery

Lier

Lieu

Lieutenancy

Lieutenant

Lieutenantship

Lieve

Lievrite

Life

Life-Blood

Life-Blood

Life-Estate

Life-Everlasting

Life-Giving

Lifeguard

Lifeless

Lifelessly

Lifelessness

Lifelike

Liferent

Lifestring

Lifetime

Lifeweary

Lift

Lift

Lift

Lifted

Lifter

Lifting

Lifting

Lig

Ligament

Ligamental

Ligation

Ligature

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light

Light-Armed

Light-Bearer

Light-Brain

Lighted

Lighten

Lighten

Lighten

Lighter

Lighterman

Lightfingered

Lightfoot

Lightheaded

Lightheadedness

Lighthearted

Light-Horse

Light-House

Lightlegged

Lightless

Lightly

Lightminded

Lightness

Lightning

Lightroom

Lights

Lightsome

Lightsomeness

Lign-Aloes

Ligneous

Lignification

Ligniform

Lignify

Lignify

Lignite

Lignous

Lignum-Vitae

Ligulate

Ligure

Ligurite

Like

Like

Like

Like

Like

Likelihood

Likeliness

Likely

Likely

Like-Minded

Liken

Likened

Likeness

Likening

Likewise

Liking

Liking

Lilac

Lilalite

Liliaceous

Lilied

Lill

Lilt

Lily

Lily-Daffodil

Lily-Handed

Lily-Hyacinth

Lily-Livered

Limation

Limature

Limb

Limb

Limbat

Limbec

Limbec

Limbed

Limber

Limber

Limberness

Limbers

Limbilite

Limbless

Limb-Meal

Limbo

Lime

Lime

Lime-Burner

Limed

Limehound

Limekiln

Limestone

Limetwig

Limetwigged

Limewater

Liming

Limit

Limit

Limitable

Limitaneous

Limitarian

Limitarian

Limitary

Limitation

Limited

Limitedly

Limitedness

Limiter

Limitless

Limmer

Limn

Limned

Limner

Limning

Limning

Limous

Limp

Limp

Limp

Limper

Limpet

Limpid

Limpidness

Limping

Limpingly

Limsy

Limy

Lin

Lin

Linchpin

Lincture

Linden

Line

Line

Lineage

Lineal

Lineality

Lineally

Lineament

Linear

Lineate

Lineation

Lined

Linen

Linen

Linen-Draper

Ling

Ling

Linger

Linger

Lingerer

Lingering

Lingering

Lingeringly

Linget

Lingle

Lingo

Linguadental

Linguadental

Linguaform

Lingual

Linguist

Lingulate

Lingwort

Liniment

Lining

Lining

Link

Link

Link

Link

Linkboy

Linked

Linking

Linnet

Linseed

Linsey-Woolsey

Linstock

Lint

Lintel

Lintseed

Lion

Lioness

Lionlike

Lion-Mettled

Lions Foot

Lions Leaf

Lions Tail

Lip

Lip

Lip-Devotion

Lipgood

Lip-Labor

Lipogram

Lipogrammatist

Lipothymous

Lipothymy

Lipped

Lippitude

Lip-Wisdom

Liquable

Liquation

Liquate

Liquefaction

Liquefiable

Liquefier

Liquefy

Liquefy

Liquefying

Liquescency

Liquescent

Liqueur

Liquid

Liquid

Liquidate

Liquidated

Liquidating

Liquidation

Liquidator

Liquidity

Liquidness

Liquor

Liquor

Liquorice

Lisbon

Lisne

Lisp

Lisp

Lisp

Lisper

Lisping

Lispingly

List

List

List

List

List

Listed

Listel

Listen

Listen

Listener

Lister

Listful

Listing

Listless

Listlessly

Listlessness

Lit

Litany

Lite

Liter

Literal

Literal

Literalism

Literality

Literally

Literary

Literate

Literati

Literator

Literature

Lith

Lithanthrax

Litharge

Lithe

Lithe

Litheness

Lither

Litherly

Litherness

Lithia

Lithiate

Lithic

Lithobiblion

Lithocarp

Lithocolla

Lithodendron

Lithogenesy

Lithoglyphite

Lithographer

Lithographic

Lithographically

Lithography

Lithologic

Lithologist

Lithology

Lithomancy

Lithomarga

Lithontriptic

Lithontriptic

Lithontriptor

Lithontripty

Lithophagous

Lithophosphor

Lithophosphoric

Lithophyl

Lithophyte

Lithophytic

Lithophytous

Lithotome

Lithotomic

Lithotomist

Lithotomy

Lithoxyle

Lithy

Litigant

Litigant

Litigate

Litigate

Litigated

Litigating

Litigation

Litigious

Litigiously

Litigiousness

Litmus

Litorn

Litote

Litter

Litter

Littered

Little

Little

Little

Littleness

Littoral

Lituite

Liturgical

Liturgy

Live

Live

Live

Liveless

Livelihood

Liveliness

Livelode

Livelong

Lively

Lively

Liver

Liver

Livercolor

Livered

Livergrown

Liverstone

Liverwort

Livery

Livery

Liveryman

Livery-Stable

Lives

Livestock

Livid

Lividity

Living

Living

Living

Livingly

Livre

Lixivial

Lixiviate

Lixiviate

Lixiviation

Lixivium

Lizard

Lizard-Tail

Ll. Dutch

Lo

Loach

Load

Load

Loaded

Loader

Loading

Loading

Loadmanage

Loadsman

Loadstar

Loadstone

Loaf

Loaf-Sugar

Loam

Loam

Loamy

Loan

Loan

Loan-Office

Loan-Officer

Loath

Loathe

Loather

Loathful

Loathing

Loathingly

Loathly

Loathly

Loathness

Loathsome

Loathsomeness

Loaves

Lob

Lob

Lobate

Lobby

Lobe

Lobed

Lobspound

Lobster

Lobule

Local

Locality

Locally

Locate

Located

Locating

Location

Loch

Loch

Lochage

Loche

Lochia

Lochial

Lock

Lock-Keeper

Lock-Paddle

Lock-Sil

Lock-Weir

Lock

Lock

Lockage

Locked

Locker

Locket

Lockram

Locksmith

Locky

Locomotion

Locomotive

Locomotivity

Loculament

Locust

Locust

Locust-Tree

Lode

Lode-Stone

Lodgable

Lodge

Lodge

Lodge

Lodged

Lodger

Lodging

Lodging

Lodgment

Loffe

Loft

Loftily

Loftiness

Lofty

Log

Log

Log-Board

Log-Book

Log-House

Log-Line

Log-Reel

Logarithm

Logarithmetic

Loggats

Loggerhead

Loggerheaded

Logic

Logical

Logically

Logician

Logistic

Logman

Logographic

Logography

Logogriphe

Logomachist

Logomachy

Logometric

Logwood

Lohoch

Loin

Loiter

Loiterer

Loitering

Loke

Loll

Loll

Lollard

Lollardy

Lolling

Lombardic

Loment

Lomentaceous

Lomonite

Lomp

Londonism

Lone

Lone

Loneliness

Lonely

Loneness

Lonesome

Lonesomeness

Long

Long

Long

Long

Long

Long

Longanimity

Longboat

Longer

Longer

Longest

Longest

Longeval

Longevity

Longevous

Long-Headed

Longimanous

Longimetry

Longing

Longing

Longingly

Longinquity

Longish

Longitude

Longitudinal

Longtudinally

Longlegged

Longlived

Longly

Long-Measure

Longness

Long-Primer

Longshanked

Long-Sight

Long-Sighted

Long-Sightedness

Longsome

Longspun

Long-Sufferance

Long-Suffering

Long-Suffering

Long-Tongued

Longways

Long-Winded

Long-Wise

Lonish

Loo

Loobily

Looby

Loof

Loof

Loofed

Look

Look

Look

Look

Looker

Looking-Glass

Look-Out

Lool

Loom

Loom

Loom-Gale

Looming

Loon

Loop

Looped

Loophole

Loopholed

Looping

Loord

Loose

Loose

Loose

Loose

Loosed

Loosely

Loosen

Loosen

Loosened

Looseness

Loosening

Loosestrife

Loosing

Lop

Lop

Lop

Lope

Lope

Lope

Loping

Lopped

Lopper

Lopping

Lopping

Loquacious

Loquaciousness

Lord

Lord

Lord

Lording

Lordlike

Lordliness

Lordling

Lordly

Lordly

Lordship

Lore

Lorel

Loresman

Loricate

Loricated

Loricating

Lorication

Lorimer

Loring

Loriot

Loris

Lorn

Lory

Losable

Lose

Lose

Losel

Losenger

Loser

Losing

Loss

Lossful

Lossless

Lost

Lot

Lot

Lote

Loth

Lothe

Lothe

Lothed

Lother

Lothful

Lothing

Lothing

Lothingly

Lothly

Lothness

Lothsome

Lothsomeness

Lotion

Lottery

Loud

Loudly

Loudness

Lough

Louis Dor

Lounge

Lounger

Lour

Louse

Louse

Louse-Wort

Lousily

Lousiness

Lousy

Lout

Lout

Loutish

Loutishly

Louver

Lovable

Lovage

Love

Love

Love-Apple

Love-Broker

Loved

Love-Darting

Love-Day

Love-Favor

Love-Knot

Love-Labored

Love-Lass

Loveless

Love-Letter

Lovelily

Loveliness

Love-Lock

Love-Lorn

Lovely

Love-Monger

Love-Pined

Lover

Love-Secret

Love-Shaft

Love-Sick

Lovesome

Love-Song

Love-Suit

Love-Tale

Love-Thought

Love-Token

Love-Toy

Love-Trick

Loving

Loving-Kindness

Lovingly

Lovingness

Low

Low

Low

Low

Lowbell

Lowbell

Low

Low-Born

Low-Bred

Lower

Lower

Lower

Lower

Lower

Loweringly

Lowermost

Lowery

Lowest

Lowing

Lowing

Lowland

Lowlihood

Lowliness

Lowly

Lowly

Lown

Lowness

Low-Spirited

Low-Spiritedness

Low-Thoughted

Low-Wines

Loxodromic

Loxodromics

Loyal

Loyalist

Loyally

Loyalty

Lozenge

Lozenged

Lozengy

Lp

Lu

Lubbard

Lubber

Lubberly

Lubberly

Lubric

Lubricant

Lubricate

Lubricated

Lubricating

Lubricator

Lubricity

Lubricous

Lubrifaction

Lubrification

Luce

Lucent

Lucern

Lucid

Lucidity

Lucidness

Lucifer

Luciferian

Luciferians

Luciferous

Lucific

Luciform

Luck

Luckily

Luckiness

Luckless

Lucky

Lucrative

Lucre

Lucriferous

Lucrific

Luctation

Luctual

Lucubrate

Lucubration

Lucubratory

Luculent

Lucullite

Ludibrious

Ludicrous

Ludicrously

Ludicrousness

Ludification

Ludificatory

Luff

Luff

Luff

Luff-Tackle

Lug

Lug

Lug

Luggage

Lugger

Luggs

Lug-Sail

Lugubrious

Lukewarm

Lukewarmly

Lukewarmness

Lull

Lull

Lull

Lullaby

Lulled

Luller

Lulling

Lum

Lumachel

Lumbaginous

Lumbago

Lumbar

Lumber

Lumber

Lumber-Room

Lumbric

Lumbrical

Lumbrical

Lumbrical

Lumbriciform

Luminary

Lumination

Lumine

Luminiferous

Luminous

Luminously

Luminousness

Lump

Lump

Lumpen

Lumpfish

Lumping

Lumpish

Lumpishly

Lumpishness

Lumpy

Lunacy

Lunar

Lunarian

Lunary

Lunated

Lunatic

Lunatic

Lunation

Lunch

Lune

Lunet

Lunet

Lung

Lunge

Lunged

Lung-Grown

Lungis

Lungwort

Luniform

Lunisolar

Lunistice

Lunt

Lunular

Lunulate

Lupercal

Lupine

Lupulin

Lurch

Lurch

Lurch

Lurch

Lurcher

Lurdan

Lurdan

Lure

Lure

Lure

Lured

Lurid

Luring

Lurk

Lurker

Lurking

Lurking-Place

Luscious

Lusciously

Lusciousness

Lusern

Lush

Lusk

Lusk

Luskish

Luskishly

Luskishness

Lusorious

Lusory

Lust

Lust

Lustful

Lustfully

Lustfulness

Lustihood

Lustily

Lustiness

Lusting

Lusting

Lustless

Lustral

Lustrate

Lustration

Luster

Lustrical

Lustring

Lustrous

Lustrum

Lust-Stained

Lustwort

Lusty

Lutanist

Lutarious

Lutation

Lute

Lute

Lute

Lute-Case

Luted

Lutenist

Luter

Lute-String

Lutheran

Lutheran

Lutheranism

Luthern

Luting

Lutulent

Luxate

Luxated

Luxating

Luxation

Luxe

Luxuriance

Luxuriant

Luxuriantly

Luxuriate

Luxuriation

Luxurious

Luxuriously

Luxurist

Luxury

Ly

Lyam

Lycanthropy

Lycostom

Lydian

Lye

Lye

Lying

Lying

Lymnite

Lymph

Lymphate

Lymphatic

Lymphatic

Lympheduct

Lymphography

Lynx

Lyrate

Lyre

Lyric

Lyric

Lyricism

Lyrist

Lys

Lyterian

Lythrode

M

M

Mab

Mab

Mac

Macaroni

Macaronic

Macaronic

Macaroon

Macauco

Macaw

Macaw-Tree

Maccabees

Maccoboy

Mace

Mace

Mace-Ale

Mace-Bearer

Macerate

Macerated

Macerating

Maceration

Mace-Reed

Machiavelian

Machiavelian

Machiavelism

Machicolation

Machinal

Machinate

Machinated

Machinating

Machination

Machinator

Machine

Machinery

Machining

Machinist

Macigno

Macilency

Macilent

Mackerel

Mackerel

Mackerel-Sky

Macle

Maclurite

Macrocosm

Macrology

Mactation

Macula

Maculate

Maculate

Maculation

Macule

Mad

Mad

Mad

Mad

Madam

Madapple

Madbrain

Madcap

Madden

Madden

Maddened

Maddening

Madder

Madding

Made

Madefaction

Madefied

Madefy

Madefying

Madeira

Mademoiselle

Madheaded

Madhouse

Madid

Madly

Madman

Madness

Madona

Madrepore

Madreporite

Madreporite

Madrier

Madrigal

Madwort

Maestoso

Maffle

Magazine

Magaziner

Mage

Maggot

Maggoty

Maggoty-Headed

Magi

Magian

Magian

Magianism

Magic

Magic

Magically

Magician

Magisterial

Magisterially

Magisterialness

Magistery

Magistracy

Magistral

Magistral

Magistrality

Magistrally

Magistrate

Magistratic

Magistrature

Magna Charta

Magnanimity

Magnanimous

Magnanimously

Magnesia

Magnesian

Magnesite

Magnesium

Magnet

Magnetic

Magnetically

Magneticalness

Magnetics

Magnetiferous

Magnetism

Magnetize

Magnetize

Magnetized

Magnetizing

Magnifiable

Magnific

Magnificate

Magnificence

Magnificent

Magnificently

Magnifico

Magnifier

Magnify

Magnifying

Magniloquence

Magnitude

Magnolia

Magpie

Maguey

Mahogany

Mahometan

Mahound

Maid

Maid

Maiden

Maiden

Maiden

Maidenhair

Maidenhood

Maidenlike

Maidenliness

Maidenlip

Maidenly

Maidenly

Maidhood

Maidmarian

Maidpale

Maid-Servant

Mail

Mail

Mail

Mail-Coach

Mailed

Mailing

Maim

Maim

Maimed

Maiming

Maimedness

Main

Main

Main

Main-Land

Mainly

Main-Mast

Main-Keel

Mainor

Mainpernable

Mainpernor

Mainprize

Mainprize

Main-Sail

Main-Sheet

Mainswear

Maintain

Maintainable

Maintained

Maintainer

Maintaining

Maintenance

Main-Top

Main-Yard

Maister

Maistress

Maiz

Maja

Majestic

Majestical

Majestically

Majesty

Major

Major

Major

Major

Majoration

Major-Domo

Major-General

Majority

Make

Make

Make

Make

Makebate

Makeless

Maker

Makepeace

Makeweight

Maki

Making

Making

Mal

Malachite

Malacolite

Malacopterygeous

Malacostomous

Maladministration

Malady

Malaga

Malanders

Malapert

Malapertly

Malapertness

Malapropos

Malar

Malate

Malaxate

Malaxation

Malconformation

Malcontent

Malcontent

Malcontentedly

Malcontentedness

Male

Male

Maledicency

Maledicent

Malediction

Malefaction

Malefactor

Malefice

Maleficiate

Maleficiation

Maleficience

Maleficient

Malengine

Malet

Malevolence

Malevolent

Malevolently

Malevolous

Malfeasance

Malformation

Malic

Malice

Malice

Malicious

Maliciously

Maliciousness

Malign

Malign

Malign

Malignancy

Malignant

Malignant

Malignantly

Maligner

Malignity

Malignly

Malison

Malkin

Mall

Mall

Mall

Mallard

Malleability

Malleable

Malleableness

Malleate

Malleation

Mallet

Mallow

Malmsey

Malpractice

Malt

Malt

Malt

Malt-Drink

Malt-Dust

Malt-Floor

Malt-Horse

Maltman

Maltworm

Maltalent

Maltha

Maltreat

Maltreated

Maltreating

Maltreatment

Malvaceous

Malversation

Mam

Mamaluke

Mammal

Mammalian

Mammalogist

Mammalogy

Mammary

Mammee

Mammet

Mammifer

Mammiferous

Mammiform

Mammillary

Mammillated

Mammoc

Mammoc

Mammodis

Mammon

Mammonist

Mammoth

Man

Man-Midwife

Man

Manacle

Manacle

Manacled

Manacling

Manage

Manage

Manage

Manageable

Manageableness

Managed

Management

Manager

Managery

Managing

Manakin

Manati

Manation

Manchet

Manchineel

Mancipate

Mancipation

Manciple

Mandamus

Mandarin

Mandatary

Mandate

Mandator

Mandatory

Mandible

Mandibular

Mandil

Mandilion

Mandlestone

Mandment

Mandolin

Mandrake

Mandrel

Mandrill

Manducable

Manducate

Manducated

Manducating

Manducation

Mane

Maneater

Maned

Manege

Manerial

Manes

Maneuver

Maneuver

Maneuver

Maneuvered

Maneuvering

Manful

Manfully

Manfulness

Mangaby

Manganese

Manganesian

Manganesiate

Manganesic

Manganesious

Mangcorn

Mange

Mangel-Wurzel

Manger

Manger-Board

Manginess

Mangle

Mangle

Mangle

Mangled

Mangler

Mangling

Mango

Mangonel

Mangonism

Mangonize

Mangostan

Mangrove

Mangy

Manhater

Manhood

Mania

Maniable

Maniac

Maniac

Maniacal

Manichean

Manichean

Manicheism

Manichord

Manicon

Manifest

Manifest

Manifest

Manifest

Manifestation

Manifested

Manifestible

Manifesting

Manifestly

Manifestness

Manifesto.

Manifold

Manifolded

Manifoldly

Manifoldness

Maniglions

Manikin

Manil

Manioc

Maniple

Manipular

Manipulation

Mankiller

Mankilling

Mankind

Mankind

Manless

Manlike

Manliness

Manling

Manly

Manly

Manna

Manner

Manner

Mannerism

Mannerist

Mannerliness

Mannerly

Mannerly

Manners

Mannish

Manometer

Manometrical

Manor

Manor-House

Manorial

Manpleaser

Manqueller

Manse

Manservant

Mansion

Mansion

Mansionary

Mansion-House

Mansionry

Manslaughter

Manslayer

Manstealer

Manstealing

Mansuete

Mansuetude

Manta

Mantel

Mantelet

Mantiger

Mantle

Mantle

Mantle

Mantle

Mantle-Piece

Mantling

Manto

Mantology

Mantua

Mantua-Maker

Manual

Manual

Manuary

Manubial

Manuduction

Manuductor

Manufactory

Manufactural

Manufacture

Manufacture

Manufacture

Manufactured

Manufacturer

Manufacturing

Manumise

Manumission

Manumit

Manumitted

Manumitting

Manurable

Manurage

Manurance

Manure

Manure

Manured

Manurement

Manurer

Manuring

Manuring

Manuscript

Manuscript

Manutenency

Many

Many

Many

Many-Cleft

Many-Colored

Many-Cornered

Many-Flowered

Many-Headed

Many-Languaged

Many-Leaved

Many-Mastered

Many-Parted

Many-Peopled

Many-Petaled

Many-Twinkling

Many-Valved

Map

Map

Maple

Maple-Sugar

Mappery

Mar

Mar

Mar

Maracan

Maracock

Maranatha

Maranon

Marasmus

Maraud

Marauder

Marauding

Marauding

Maravedi

Marble

Marble

Marble

Marbled

Marble-Hearted

Marbling

Marbling

Marcasite

Marcasitic

Marcescent

Marcessible

March

March

March

March

March

Marcher

Marches

Marching

Marching

Marchioness

Marchpane

Marcid

Marcor

Mare

Mareca

Marena

Mareschal

Margarate

Margaric

Margarin

Margarite

Margay

Margin

Margin

Marginal

Marginally

Marginated

Margode

Margot

Margrave

Margraviate

Mariets

Marigenous

Marigold

Marikin

Marinate

Marine

Marine

Mariner

Mariput

Marish

Marish

Marital

Maritime

Marjoram

Mark

Mark

Mark

Markable

Marked

Marker

Market

Market

Market-Bell

Market-Cross

Market-Day

Market-Folks

Market-House

Market-Maid

Market-Man

Market-Place

Market-Price

Market-Town

Market-Woman

Marketable

Marksman

Marl

Marl

Marlaceous

Marline

Marline

Marline-Spike

Marling

Marlite

Marlitic

Marlpit

Marly

Marmalade

Marmalite

Marmoraceous

Marmorated

Marmoration

Marmorean

Marmose

Marmoset

Marmot

Maroon

Maroon

Marque

Marquetry

Marquis

Marquis

Marquisate

Marrer

Marriable

Marriage

Marriageable

Marriage-Articles

Married

Marrow

Marrow

Marrow-Bone

Marrowfat

Marrowish

Marrowless

Marrowy

Marry

Marry

Marry

Mars

Marsh

Marsh-Elder

Marsh-Mallow

Marsh-Marigold

Marsh-Rocket

Marshal

Marshal

Marshaled

Marshaler

Marshaling

Marshalsea

Marshalship

Marshy

Mart

Mart

Martagon

Martel

Marten

Marten

Martial

Martialism

Martialist

Martin

Martinet

Martinets

Martingal

Martinmas

Martlet

Martyr

Martyr

Martyrdom

Martyrize

Martyrological

Martyrologist

Martyrology

Marvel

Marvel

Marveling

Marvelous

Marvelously

Marvelousness

Mary-Bud

Mascle

Masculine

Masculinely

Masculineness

Mash

Mash

Mashed

Mashing

Mashing-Tub

Mashy

Mask

Mask

Mask

Masked

Masker

Maskery

Mask-House

Masking

Maslin

Mason

Masonic

Masonry

Masora

Masoretic

Masorite

Masquerade

Masquerade

Masquerade

Masquerader

Masquerading

Mass

Mass

Mass

Mass

Massacer

Massacer

Massacrer

Masser

Masseter

Massicot

Massiness

Massive

Massive

Mast

Mast

Masted

Master

Master

Master

Masterdom

Masterful

Master-Hand

Master-Jest

Master-Key

Masterless

Master-Lode

Masterly

Masterly

Master-Piece

Mastership

Master-Sinew

Master-String

Master-Stroke

Master-Tooth

Master-Touch

Master-Work

Master-Wort

Mastery

Mastful

Mastic

Masticate

Masticated

Masticating

Mastication

Masticatory

Masticatory

Mastiff

Mastless

Mastlin

Mastodon

Mastoid

Mastress

Masty

Mat

Mat

Matachin

Matadore

Match

Match

Match

Match

Match

Matchable

Matched

Matching

Matchless

Matchlessly

Matchlessness

Matchlock

Matchmaker

Mate

Mate

Mate

Mate

Mateless

Material

Material

Materialism

Materialist

Materiality

Materialize

Materially

Materialness

Materiate

Materiation

Maternal

Maternity

Matfelon

Math

Mathematic

Mathematically

Mathematician

Mathematics

Mathemeg

Mathes

Mathesis

Matin

Matin

Matins

Matrass

Matress

Matrice

Matricidal

Matricide

Matriculate

Matriculate

Matriculation

Matrimonial

Matrimonially

Matrimonious

Matrimony

Matrix

Matron

Matronal

Matronize

Matronlike

Matronly

Matross

Mattamore

Matter

Matter

Matter

Matterless

Mattery

Mattock

Mattress

Maturant

Maturate

Maturate

Maturation

Maturative

Mature

Mature

Mature

Matured

Maturely

Maturing

Maturity

Matutinal

Matweed

Maudlin

Maudlin

Mauger

Maukin

Maul

Maul

Maunch

Maund

Maund

Maunder

Maunderer

Maundering

Maundy-Thursday

Mausolean

Mausoleum

Mauther

Mavis

Maw

Mawk

Mawkingly

Mawkish

Mawkishness

Mawky

Mawmet

Mawmetry

Mawmish

Mawworm

Maxillar

Maxim

Maxim-Monger

Maximum

May

May

May

May-Apple

May-Bloom

May-Bug

May-Bush

May-Day

May-Dew

May-Duke

May-Flower

May-Fly

May-Game

Maying

May-Lady

May-Lily

May-Morn

May-Pole

May-Weed

Mayhem

Mayor

Mayoralty

Mayoress

Mazagan

Mazard

Mazard

Mazarine

Maze

Maze

Maze

Mazedness

Mazer

Mazological

Mazologist

Mazology

Mazy

M. Dutch

Me

Meacock

Meacock

Mead

Mead

Meadow-Ore

Meadow-Rue

Meadow-Saffron

Meadow-Saxifrage

Meadow-Sweet

Meadow-Wort

Meadowy

Meager

Meager

Meagerly

Meagerness

Meak

Meal

Meal

Meal

Mealiness

Meal-Man

Meal-Time

Mealy

Mealy-Mouthed

Mealy-Mouthedness

Mean

Mean

Mean

Mean

Mean

Meander

Meander

Meander

Meandering

Meandrian

Meaning

Meaning

Meanly

Meanness

Meant

Mear

Mease

Measle

Measled

Measles

Measly

Measurable

Measurableness

Measurably

Measure

Measure

Measured

Measureless

Measurement

Measurer

Measuring

Meat

Meated

Meathe

Meat-Offering

Meaty

Meawl

Meazling

Mechanic

Mechanic

Mechanically

Mechanicalness

Mechanician

Mechanics

Mechanism

Mechanist

Mechlin

Mechoacan

Meconiate

Meconic

Meconite

Meconium

Medal

Medallic

Medallion

Medallist

Meddle

Meddle

Meddler

Meddlesome

Meddlesomeness

Meddling

Medial

Mediant

Mediate

Mediate

Mediate

Mediately

Mediation

Mediator

Mediatorial

Mediatorship

Mediatress

Medic

Medicable

Medical

Medically

Medicament

Medicamental

Medicamentally

Medicaster

Medicate

Medicated

Medicating

Medication

Medicinable

Medicinal

Medicinally

Medicine

Medicine

Mediety

Medin

Mediocral

Mediocrist

Mediocrity

Meditate

Meditate

Meditated

Meditating

Meditation

Meditative

Mediterrane

Medium

Medlar

Medle

Medley

Medley

Medullar

Medullin

Meed

Meek

Meeken

Meekly

Meekness

Meer

Meer

Meered

Meerschaum

Meet

Meet

Meet

Meeter

Meeting

Meeting

Meeting-House

Meetly

Meetness

Megacosm

Megalonyx

Megalopolis

Megatherium

Megrim

Meine

Meine

Meionite

Meiosis

Melampode

Melanagogue

Melancholic

Melancholic

Melancholily

Melancholiness

Melancholious

Melancholist

Melancholize

Melancholize

Melancholy

Melancholy

Melange

Melanite

Melanitic

Melanteri

Melanure

Melasses

Melilot

Meliorate

Meliorate

Meliorated

Meliorating

Melioration

Meliority

Mell

Mell

Mellate

Melliferous

Mellification

Mellifluence

Mellifluent

Mellit

Mellite

Mellitic

Mellow

Mellow

Mellow

Mellowness

Mellowy

Melocotone

Melodious

Melodiously

Melodiousness

Melodize

Melodrame

Melody

Melon

Melon-Thistle

Melrose

Melt

Melt

Melted

Melter

Melting

Melting

Meltingly

Meltingness

Melwel

Member

Membered

Membership

Membrane

Membraneous

Membraniform

Memento

Memoir

Memorable

Memorably

Memorandum

Memorative

Memorial

Memorial

Memorialist

Memorialize

Memorist

Memorize

Memory

Memory

Memphian

Men

Menace

Menace

Menaced

Menacer

Menachanite

Menachanitic

Menacing

Menage

Menagery

Menagogue

Mend

Mend

Mendable

Mendacious

Mendacity

Mended

Mender

Mendicancy

Mendicant

Mendicant

Mendicate

Mendicity

Mendment

Mends

Menhaden

Menial

Menial

Menilite

Meniscus

Menispermate

Menispermic

Meniver

Menology

Menow

Menpleaser

Mensal

Menstrual

Menstruant

Menstruous

Menstruum

Mensurability

Mensurable

Mensural

Mensurate

Mensuration

Mental

Mentally

Mention

Mention

Mentioned

Mentioning

Mentorial

Mephitic

Mephitis

Mercantante

Mercantile

Mercat

Mercenarily

Mercenariness

Mercenary

Mercenary

Mercer

Mercership

Mercery

Merchand

Merchandise

Merchandise

Merchandry

Merchant

Merchant

Merchantable

Merchantlike

Merchantman

Merciable

Merciful

Mercifully

Mercifulness

Mercify

Merciless

Mercilessly

Mercilessness

Mercurial

Mercurialist

Mercuriate

Mercurification

Mercurify

Mercury

Mercury

Mercy

Mercy-Seat

Merd

Mere

Mere

Mere

Mere

Merely

Meretricious

Meretriciously

Meretriciousness

Merganser

Merge

Merge

Merger

Meridian

Meridian

Meridional

Meridionality

Meridionally

Merit

Merit

Meritable

Merited

Meriting

Merit-Monger

Meritorious

Meritoriously

Meritoriousness

Meritory

Merle

Merlin

Merlon

Mermaid

Merops

Merrily

Merrimake

Merrimake

Merriment

Merriness

Merry

Merry-Andrew

Merry-Making

Merry-Meeting

Merry-Thought

Mersion

Mesaraic

Meseems

Mesenteric

Mesentery

Mesh

Mesh

Meshy

Meslin

Mesne

Mesocolon

Mesoleucys

Mesolite

Mesologarithm

Mesomelas

Mesotype

Mesprise

Mess

Mess

Mess

Message

Messager

Messiah

Messiahship

Messieurs

Mess-Mate

Messuage

Met

Metabasis

Metabola

Metacarpal

Metacarpus

Metachronism

Metage

Metagrammatism

Metal

Metalepsis

Metaleptic

Metaleptically

Metallic

Metalliferous

Metalliform

Metalline

Metallist

Metallization

Metallize

Metallography

Metalloid

Metalloidal

Metallurgic

Metallurgist

Metallurgy

Metalman

Metamorphic

Metamorphose

Metamorphoser

Metamorphosing

Metamorphosis

Metamorphostical

Metaphor

Metaphoric

Metaphorically

Metaphorist

Metaphrase

Metaphrast

Metaphrastic

Metaphysic

Metaphysically

Metaphysician

Metaphysics

Metaplasm

Metastasis

Metatarsal

Metatarsus

Metathesis

Mete

Mete

Metempsychose

Metempsychosis

Metemptosis

Meteor

Meteoric

Meteorize

Meteorolite

Meteorologic

Meteorologist

Meteorology

Meteoromancy

Meteoroscopy

Meteorous

Meter

Meter

Metewand

Meteyard

Metheglin

Methinks

Method

Methodic

Methodically

Methodism

Methodist

Methodistic

Methodize

Methought

Metic

Meticulous

Metonic Cycle

Metonymic

Metonymically

Metonymy

Metope

Metoposcopist

Metoposcopy

Metre

Metrical

Metrology

Metropolis

Metropolitan

Metropolitan

Metropolite

Metropolitic

Mettle

Mettled

Mettlesome

Mettlesomeness

Mew

Mew

Mew

Mew

Mew

Mew

Mewing

Mewl

Mewler

Mezereon

Mezzo

Mezzorelievo

Mezzotinto

Miasm

Miasmatic

Mica

Micaceous

Micarel

Mice

Michaelite

Michaelmas

Miche

Micher

Michery

Miching

Mickle

Mico

Microcosm

Microcosmical

Microcoustic

Micrography

Micrometer

Microphone

Microscope

Microscopic

Microscopically

Micturition

Mid

Mida

Mid-Age

Mid-Course

Mid-Day

Mid-Day

Middest

Middle

Middle

Middle-Aged

Middle-Earth

Middlemost

Middling

Midge

Mid-Heaven

Midland

Midleg

Midmost

Midnight

Midnight

Midriff

Midsea

Midship

Midshipman

Midships

Midst

Midst

Midstream

Midsummer

Midward

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midwife

Midwife

Midwife

Midwifery

Mid-Winter

Miemite

Mien

Miff

Miffed

Might

Might

Mightily

Mightiness

Mighty

Mighty

Migniard

Mignonette

Migrate

Migrating

Migration

Migratory

Milch

Mild

Mildew

Mildew

Mildewed

Mildewing

Mildly

Mildness

Mild-Spirited

Mile

Mileage

Milestone

Milfoil

Miliary

Milice

Miliolite

Militancy

Militant

Militarily

Military

Military

Militate

Militia

Milk

Milk

Milken

Milker

Milk-Fever

Milk-Hedge

Milkiness

Milk-Livered

Milk-Maid

Milkman

Milkpail

Milkpan

Milkporridge

Milkscore

Milksop

Milk-Thistle

Milk-Tooth

Milk-Trefoil

Milk-Vetch

Milk-Wort

Milk-Weed

Milkwhite

Milkwoman

Milky

Milky-Way

Mill

Mill

Mill

Millcog

Milldam

Millhorse

Millpond

Millrace

Mill-Sixpence

Millstone

Mill-Tooth

Millenarian

Millenarian

Millenary

Millenial

Millenist

Millenium

Milleped

Millepore

Milleporite

Miller

Millers-Thumb

Millesimal

Millet

Milliary

Milligram

Milliliter

Millimeter

Milliner

Millinery

Million

Millionary

Millioned

Millionth

Millrea

Milt

Milt

Milter

Miltwort

Mime

Mime

Mimer

Mimesis

Mimetic

Mimic

Mimic

Mimick

Mimicry

Mimographer

Mina

Minacious

Minacity

Minaret

Minatory

Mince

Mince

Minced

Mince-Pie

Mincing

Mincingly

Mind

Mind

Mind

Minded

Mindedness

Mindfilling

Mindful

Mindfully

Mindfulness

Minding

Minding

Mindless

Mind-Stricken

Mine

Mine

Mine

Mine

Mine-Digger

Miner

Mineral

Mineral

Mineralist

Mineralization

Mineralize

Mineralized

Mineralizer

Mineralogical

Mineralogiccally

Mineralogist

Mineralogy

Mingle

Mingle

Mingle

Mingled

Mingledly

Mingler

Mingling

Miniard

Miniardize

Miniate

Miniature

Minikin

Minikin

Minim

Minimum

Minimus

Mining

Minion

Minion

Minion

Minioning

Minionlike

Minionship

Minious

Minish

Minister

Minister

Minister

Ministered

Ministerial

Ministerially

Ministering

Ministery

Ministral

Ministrant

Ministration

Ministress

Ministry

Ministryship

Minium

Mink

Minnoc

Minnow

Minor

Minor

Minorate

Minoration

Minorite

Minority

Minotaur

Minster

Minstrel

Minstrelsy

Mint

Mint

Mint

Mintage

Minter

Mintman

Mintmaster

Minuend

Minuet

Minum

Minute

Minute

Minute

Minute-Book

Minute-Glass

Minute-Guns

Minute-Hand

Minutely

Minutely

Minutely

Minuteness

Minute-Watch

Minutiae

Minx

Miny

Mirable

Miracle

Miracle

Miracle-Monger

Miraculous

Miraculously

Miraculousness

Mirador

Mire

Mire

Mire

Mire

Mire-Crow

Miriness

Mirk

Mirksome

Mirksomeness

Mirror

Mirror-Stone

Mirth

Mirthful

Mirthfully

Mirthless

Miry

Mis

Misacceptation

Misadventure

Misadventured

Misadvised

Misaffect

Misaffected

Misaffirm

Misaimed

Misalledge

Misallegation

Misalliance

Misallied

Misanthrope

Misanthropic

Misanthropy

Misapplication

Misapplied

Misapply

Misapplying

Misapprehend

Misapprehended

Misapprehending

Misapprehension

Misascribe

Misassign

Misattend

Misbeco

Misbecoming

Misbecomingness

Misbegot

Misbehave

Misbehaved

Misbehavior

Misbelief

Misbelieve

Misbeliever

Misbelieving

Misbeseem

Misbestow

Misborn

Miscalculate

Miscalculated

Miscalculating

Miscalculation

Miscall

Miscalled

Miscalling

Miscarriage

Miscarry

Miscarrying

Miscast

Miscast

Miscast

Miscasting

Miscellanarian

Miscellanarian

Miscellane

Miscellaneous

Miscellaneousness

Miscellany

Miscellany

Miscenter

Mischance

Mischaracterize

Mischarge

Mischarge

Mischief

Mischief

Mischief-Maker

Mischief-Making

Mischievous

Mischievously

Mischievousness

Mischna

Mischoose

Mischosen

Miscible

Miscitation

Miscite

Misclaim

Miscomputation

Miscompute

Misconceit

Misconceive

Misconceived

Misconceiving

Misconduct

Misconduct

Misconduct

Misconducted

Misconducting

Misconjecture

Misconjecture

Misconstruction

Misconstrue

Misconstrued

Misconstruer

Misconstruing

Miscorrect

Miscorrected

Miscounsel

Miscount

Miscount

Miscount

Miscreance

Miscreant

Miscreate

Misdate

Misdate

Misdeed

Misdeem

Misdemean

Misdemeanor

Misdesert

Misdevotion

Misdiet

Misdirect

Misdirected

Misdirecting

Misdisposition

Misdistinguish

Misdo

Misdoer

Misdoing

Misdoing

Misdoubt

Misdoubt

Misdoubtful

Mise

Misemploy

Misemployed

Misemploying

Misemployment

Misentry

Miser

Miserable

Miserableness

Miserably

Miserly

Misery

Misestimate

Misfall

Misfare

Misfashion

Misfeasance

Misform

Misfortune

Misfortuned

Misgive

Misgiving

Misgiving

Misgotten

Misgovern

Misgovernance

Misgoverned

Misgovernment

Misgraff

Misground

Misguidance

Misguide

Misguided

Misguiding

Misgum

Mishap

Mishappen

Mishear

Mishna

Mishnic

Misimprove

Misimproved

Misimprovement

Misinfer

Misinform

Misinformation

Misinformed

Misinformer

Misinforming

Misinstruct

Misinstruction

Misintelligence

Misinterpret

Misinterpretation

Misinterpreted

Misinterpreter

Misinterpreting

Misjoin

Misjoined

Misjoining

Misjudge

Misjudge

Misjudged

Misjudging

Misjudgment

Miskin

Miskindle

Mislaid

Mislay

Mislayer

Mislaying

Misle

Mislead

Misleader

Misleading

Misled

Mislike

Mislike

Misliked

Misliker

Misliking

Mislin

Mislive

Misluck

Misly

Mismanage

Mismanage

Mismanaged

Mismanagement

Mismanager

Mismanaging

Mismark

Mismarked

Mismarking

Mismatch

Mismatched

Mismatching

Misname

Misnamed

Misnaming

Misnomer

Misobedience

Misobserve

Misogamist

Misogynist

Misogyny

Misopinion

Misorder

Misorder

Misorderly

Mispell

Mispersuade

Mispersuasion

Mispikel

Misplace

Misplaced

Misplacing

Misplead

Mispleading

Mispleading

Mispoint

Misprint

Misprint

Misprinted

Misprinting

Misprise

Misprision

Misproceeding

Misprofess

Mispronounce

Mispronounce

Mispronunciation

Misproportion

Misproud

Misquotation

Misquote

Misquoted

Misquoting

Misrate

Misrecital

Misrecite

Misrecited

Misreciting

Misreckon

Misreckoned

Misreckoning

Misrelate

Misrelated

Misrelating

Misrelation

Misremember

Misremembered

Misremembering

Misreport

Misreport

Misreported

Misreporting

Misrepresent

Misrepresentation

Misrepresented

Misrepresenter

Misrepresenting

Misrepute

Misreputed

Misrule

Misruly

Miss

Miss

Miss

Miss

Missal

Missay

Missay

Missaying

Misseem

Missel

Misseldine

Missemblance

Misserve

Misshape

Misshaped

Misshaping

Missile

Missing

Mission

Missionary

Missionary

Missioner

Missive

Missive

Misspeak

Misspeak

Misspell

Misspelled

Misspelling

Misspelling

Misspend

Misspender

Misspending

Misspense

Misspent

Misspoke

Misstate

Misstated

Misstatement

Misstating

Missy

Mist

Mist

Mist-Encumbered

Mistakable

Mistake

Mistake

Mistaken

Mistaker

Mistaking

Mistaking

Mistakingly

Mistaught

Misteach

Misteaching

Mistell

Mistemper

Mistempered

Mister

Mister

Misterm

Mistermed

Misterming

Mistful

Misthink

Misthought

Mistime

Mistime

Mistimed

Mistiming

Mistiness

Mistion

Mistitle

Mistitled

Mistle

Mistletoe

Mistlike

Mistold

Mistook

Mistrain

Mistranslate

Mistranslated

Mistranslating

Mistranslation

Mistress

Mistress

Mistress-Ship

Mistrust

Mistrust

Mistrusted

Mistrustful

Mistrustfulness

Mistrustfully

Mistrusting

Mistrustingly

Mistrustless

Mistune

Misturn

Mistutor

Misty

Misunderstand

Misunderstanding

Misunderstanding

Misunderstood

Misusage

Misuse

Misuse

Misused

Misusing

Misvouch

Miswear

Miswed

Miswedded

Misween

Miswend

Miswrite

Miswrought

Misy

Miszealous

Mite

Mitella

Miter

Miter

Mitered

Mithic

Mithridate

Mithridatic

Mitigable

Mitigant

Mitigate

Mitigated

Mitigating

Mitigation

Mitigative

Mitigator

Mitten

Mittent

Mittimus

Mitu

Mity

Mix

Mix

Mixed

Mixen

Mixer

Mixing

Mixtilineal

Mixtion

Mixtly

Mixture

Mizmaze

Mizzen

Mizzen-Mast

Mizzle

Mizzy

Mnemonic

Mnemonics

Mo

Moan

Moan

Moan

Moaned

Moanful

Moanfully

Moaning

Moat

Moat

Mob

Mob

Mobbish

Mobcap

Mobile

Mobile

Mobility

Moble

Moccason

Mocha-Stone

Mock

Mock

Mock

Mock

Mockable

Mockage

Mocked

Mocker

Mockery

Mockeson

Mocking

Mocking

Mocking-Bird

Mockingly

Mocking-Stock

Mockle

Mock-Lead

Mock-Orange

Mock-Privet

Modal

Modality

Mode

Model

Model

Modeled

Modeler

Modeling

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderated

Moderately

Moderateness

Moderating

Moderation

Moderator

Moderatorship

Modern

Modernism

Modernist

Modernize

Modernized

Modernizer

Modernizing

Modernly

Modernness

Moderns

Modest

Modestly

Modesty

Modesty-Piece

Modicum

Modifiable

Modifiable

Modified

Modifier

Modify

Modify

Modifying

Modillion

Modish

Modishly

Modishness

Modulate

Modulated

Modulating

Modulation

Modulator

Module

Module

Modus

Modwall

Moe

Mogul

Mohair

Mohair-Shell

Mohammedan

Mohammedan

Mohammedanism

Mohammedanize

Mohawk

Moidore

Moiety

Moil

Moil

Moil

Moist

Moisten

Moist

Moistened

Moistener

Moistening

Moistful

Moistness

Moisture

Moisty

Mokes

Moky

Molar

Molasses

Mold

Mold

Mold

Mold

Mold

Moldable

Molded

Molder

Molder

Molder

Moldering

Moldiness

Molding

Molding

Mold-Warp

Moldy

Mole

Mole

Mole

Mole

Mole-Bat

Mole-Cast

Mole-Catcher

Mole-Cricket

Molecule

Mole-Eyed

Mole-Hill

Molest

Molestation

Molested

Molester

Molestful

Molesting

Mole-Track

Mole-Warp

Molien

Moliminous

Molinist

Mollient

Mollifiable

Mollification

Mollified

Mollifier

Mollify

Mollusca

Molluscan

Molossus

Molt

Molten

Molting

Molting

Moly

Molybden

Molybdenous

Molybdenum

Mome

Moment

Momental

Momentally

Momentaneous

Momentarily

Momentary

Momently

Momentous

Momentum

Mommery

Momot

Monachal

Monachism

Monad

Monadelph

Monadelphian

Monadic

Monander

Monandrian

Monarch

Monarch

Monarchal

Monarchess

Monarchic

Monarchist

Monarchize

Monarchize

Monarchy

Monastery

Monastic

Monastic

Monastically

Monasticism

Monday

Monde

Monecian

Monecian

Money

Moneyage

Money-Bag

Money-Box

Money-Broker

Money-Changer

Moneyed

Moneyer

Money-Lender

Moneyless

Money-Matter

Money-Scrivener

Money-Spinner

Money-Worth

Money-Wort

Monger

Mongrel

Mongrel

Moniliform

Moniment

Monish

Monisher

Monishment

Monition

Monitive

Monitor

Monitory

Monitory

Monitress

Monk

Monkery

Monkey

Monkhood

Monkish

Monks Head

Monks Hood

Monks Rhubarb

Monoceros

Monochord

Monochromatic

Monocotyle

Monocotyledon

Monocular

Monocule

Monodon

Monody

Monogam

Monogamian

Monogamist

Monogamous

Monogamy

Monogram

Monogrammal

Monograph

Monographic

Monography

Monogyn

Monogynian

Monologue

Monomachy

Monome

Monomial

Monopathy

Monopetalous

Monophthong

Monophthongal

Monophyllous

Monophysite

Monopolist

Monopolize

Monopoly

Monoptote

Monospermous

Monostich

Monostrophic

Monosyllabic

Monosyllable

Monosyllabled

Monotheism

Monothelite

Monotone

Monotonic

Monotonous

Monotonously

Monotony

Monsieur

Monsoon

Monster

Monster

Monster-Taming

Monstrosity

Monstrous

Monstrous

Monstrously

Monstrousness

Montanic

Montanism

Montanist

Montanistic

Montanize

Montant

Montero

Monteth

Month

Monthly

Monthly

Months-Mind

Montmartrite

Montoir

Monument

Monumental

Monumentally

Mood

Mood

Moodily

Moodiness

Moody

Moon

Moon-Beam

Moon-Calf

Mooned

Moonet

Moon-Eye

Moon-Eyed

Moon-Fish

Moonish

Moonless

Moonlight

Moonlight

Moonling

Moonloved

Moon-Sad

Moonshine

Moonshine

Moonstone

Moonstruck

Moon-Trefoil

Moon-Wort

Moony

Moor

Moor

Moor

Moor

Moorcock

Moored

Mooring

Mooring

Moorish

Moorland

Moorstone

Moory

Moose

Moot

Moot

Moot

Mooted

Mooter

Moot-Hall

Mooting

Mooting

Mop

Mop

Mop

Mope

Mope

Mope

Moped

Mope-Eyed

Moping

Mopish

Mopishness

Moppet

Mopus

Moral

Moral

Moral

Moraler

Moralist

Morality

Moralization

Moralize

Moralize

Moralized

Moralizer

Moralizing

Moralizing

Morally

Morals

Morass

Morassy

Moravian

Moravian

Morbid

Morbidness

Morbific

Morbillous

Morbose

Morbosity

Mordacious

Mordaciously

Mordacity

Mordant

Mordicancy

Mordicant

Mordication

More

More

More

More

Moreen

Morel

Moreland

Moreness

Moreover

Moresk

Moresk

Morglay

Morgray

Morice

Morigeration

Morigerous

Moril

Morilliform

Morillon

Morinel

Moringa

Morion

Morisco

Morkin

Morland

Morling

Mormo

Morn

Morning

Morning

Morning-Gown

Morning-Star

Morocco

Morose

Morosely

Moroseness

Morosity

Moroxylic

Morphew

Morphew

Morphia

Morrice

Morris-Dancer

Morris-Pike

Morrow

Morse

Morsel

Morsure

Mort

Mortal

Mortal

Mortality

Mortalize

Mortally

Mortar

Mortar

Morter

Mortgage

Mortgage

Mortgaged

Mortgagee

Mortgager

Mortiferous

Mortification

Mortified

Mortifiedness

Mortifier

Mortify

Mortify

Mortifying

Mortise

Mortise

Mortised

Mortising

Mortmain

Mortpay

Mortress

Mortuary

Mortuary

Mosaic

Moschatel

Mosk

Moss

Moss

Moss-Clad

Mossed

Moss-Grown

Mossiness

Moss-Trooper

Mossy

Most

Most

Most

Mostic

Mostly

Mostwhat

Mot

Motacil

Mote

Mote

Mote

Motet

Moth

Motheat

Motheaten

Mothen

Mother

Mother

Mother

Mother

Mother

Mother

Motherhood

Mother-in-Law

Motherless

Motherly

Motherly

Mother-Water

Mother-Wit

Mother-Wo

Mothery

Mothmullen

Mothwort

Mothy

Motion

Motion

Motioner

Motionless

Motive

Motive

Motivity

Motley

Motor

Motory

Motto

Mould

Moult

Mounch

Mound

Mound

Mounded

Mounding

Mount

Mount

Mount

Mountain

Mountain

Mountain-Blue

Mountaineer

Mountainet

Mountain-Green

Mountainous

Mountainousness

Mountain-Parsley

Mountain-Rose

Mountain-Soap

Mountant

Mountebank

Mountebank

Mountebankery

Mounted

Mountenaunce

Mounter

Mounting

Mountingly

Mounty

Mourn

Mourn

Mourne

Mourner

Mournful

Mournfully

Mournfulness

Mourning

Mourning

Mourning-Dove

Mourningly

Mouse

Mouse

Mouse

Mouse-Ear

Mouse-Hole

Mouse-Hunt

Mouser

Mouse-Tail

Mouse-Trap

Mouth

Mouth

Mouth

Mouthed

Mouthfriend

Mouthful

Mouthhonor

Mouthing

Mouthless

Mouthmade

Mouthpiece

Movable

Movableness

Movables

Movably

Move

Move

Move

Moved

Moveless

Movement

Movent

Movent

Mover

Moving

Moving

Movingly

Movingness

Mow

Mow

Mow

Mow

Mow

Mow

Mowburn

Mowe

Mowed

Mower

Mowing

Mowing

Mowing

Moxa

Moyle

Much

Much

Much

Muchwhat

Mucic

Mucid

Mucidness

Mucilage

Mucilaginous

Mucilaginousness

Mucite

Muck

Muck

Muckender

Mucker

Muckerer

Muckheap

Muckiness

Muckle

Mucksweat

Muckworm

Mucky

Mucoso-Saccharine

Mucous

Mucousness

Mucronate

Muculent

Mucus

Mud

Mud

Muddily

Muddiness

Muddle

Muddled

Muddling

Muddy

Muddy

Muddy-Headed

Mud-Fish

Mud-Sill

Mud-Sucker

Mud-Wall

Mud-Walled

Mudwort

Mue

Muff

Muffin

Muffle

Muffle

Muffle

Muffled

Muffler

Muffling

Mufflon

Mufti

Mug

Muggard

Muggent

Muggish

Mughouse

Mugient

Mugil

Mugweed

Mugwort

Mulatto

Mulberry

Mulberry-Tree

Mulch

Mulct

Mulct

Mulctuary

Mule

Muleteer

Mule-Wort

Muliebrity

Mulier

Mulish

Mull

Mull

Mull

Mullen

Muller

Mullet

Mulligrubs

Mullion

Mullion

Mullock

Mulse

Multangular

Multangularly

Multicapsular

Multicavous

Multifarious

Multifariously

Multifariousness

Multifid

Multiflorous

Multiform

Multiformity

Multigenerous

Multijugous

Multilateral

Multilineal

Multilocular

Multiloquous

Multinomial

Multiparous

Multipartite

Multiped

Multiped

Multiple

Multiple

Multiplex

Multipliable

Multipliableness

Multiplicable

Multiplicand

Multiplicate

Multiplication

Multiplicative

Multiplicator

Multiplicity

Multiplied

Multiplier

Multiply

Multiply

Multiplying

Multipotent

Multipresence

Multisiliquous

Multisonous

Multisyllable

Multitude

Multitudinous

Multivagant

Multivalve

Multivalve

Multiversant

Multivious

Multocular

Multure

Mum

Mum

Mum-Chance

Mumble

Mumble

Mumbled

Mumbler

Mumbling

Mumblingly

Mumm

Mummer

Mummery

Mummify

Mummy

Mummy-Chog

Mump

Mumper

Mumping

Mumpish

Mumps

Munch

Munch

Muncher

Mund

Mundane

Mundanity

Mundation

Mundatory

Mundic

Mundification

Mundificative

Mundificative

Mundify

Munerary

Munerate

Mungrel

Mungrel

Municipal

Municipality

Munificence

Munificent

Munificently

Muniment

Munite

Munition

Munity

Munnion

Muns

Murage

Mural

Murder

Murder

Murdered

Murderer

Murderess

Murdering

Murderous

Murderously

Mure

Mure

Muriacite

Muriate

Muriated

Muriatic

Muriatiferous

Muricalcite

Muricated

Muricite

Murine

Murk

Murky

Murmur

Murmur

Murmurer

Murmuring

Murmuringly

Murmurous

Murr

Murrain

Murre

Murrey

Murrhine

Murrion

Musard

Muscadel

Muscle

Muscosity

Muscovado

Muscovy-Duck

Muscovy-Glass

Muscular

Muscularity

Musculite

Musculous

Muse

Muse

Muse

Museful

Museless

Muser

Muset

Museum

Mush

Mushroom

Mushroom-Stone

Music

Musical

Musically

Musicalness

Music-Book

Musician

Music-Master

Musing

Musing

Musk

Musk

Musk

Musk-Apple

Musk-Cat

Musk-Cherry

Musket

Musketeer

Musketoe

Musketoon

Muskiness

Muskmelon

Musk-Ox

Musk-Pear

Muskrat

Musk-Rose

Musk-Seed

Musk-Wood

Musky

Muslin

Muslin

Muslinet

Musmon

Musrole

Muss

Mussel

Mussite

Mussulman

Mussulmanish

Must

Must

Must

Must

Mustac

Mustaches

Mustard

Mustee

Musteline

Muster

Muster

Muster

Muster-Book

Muster-Master

Muster-Roll

Mustily

Mustiness

Musty

Mutability

Mutable

Mutableness

Mutation

Mute

Mute

Mute

Mute

Mutely

Muteness

Mutilate

Mutilated

Mutilated

Mutilating

Mutilation

Mutilator

Mutilous

Mutineer

Muting

Mutinous

Mutinously

Mutinousness

Mutiny

Mutiny

Mutter

Mutter

Mutter

Muttered

Mutterer

Muttering

Mutteringly

Mutton

Muttonfist

Mutual

Mutuality

Mutually

Mutuation

Mutule

Muzzle

Muzzle

Muzzle

Muzzle-Ring

My

Mynheer

Myographical

Myographist

Myography

Myological

Myology

Myope

Myopy

Myriad

Myriameter

Myriarch

Myriare

Myricin

Myrioliter

Myrmidon

Myrobalan

Myropolist

Myrrh

Myrrhine

Myrtiform

Myrtle

Myrus

Myself

Mystagogue

Mysterial

Mysteriarch

Mysterious

Mysteriously

Mysteriousness

Mystery

Mystic

Mystically

Mysticalness

Mysticism

Mystics

Mythic

Mythological

Mythologically

Mythologist

Mythologize

Mythology

Mytilite

N

N

Nab

Nab

Nabob

Nacker

Nacreous

Nacrite

Nadir

Nadle-Stein

Naeve

Nafe

Nag

Naid

Nail

Nail

Nailed

Nailer

Nailery

Nailing

Naively

Naivete

Naked

Nakedly

Nakedness

Naker

Naker

Nall

Name

Name

Named

Nameless

Namely

Namer

Namesake

Naming

Nan

Nankeen

Nap

Nap

Nap

Nape

Napery

Naphew

Naphtha

Naphthaline

Napkin

Napless

Nappal

Nappiness

Nappy

Naptaking

Naptaking

Narcissus

Narcotic

Narcotic

Narcotically

Narcoticness

Narcotine

Nard

Nardine

Nare

Narrable

Narrate

Narrated

Narrating

Narration

Narrative

Narrative

Narratively

Narrator

Narratory

Narrow

Narrow

Narrow

Narrow

Narrowed

Narrowing

Narrowings

Narrowly

Narrowness

Narwal

Nas

Nasal

Nasal

Nascal

Nascent

Naseberry

Nasicornous

Nastily

Nastiness

Nasturtion

Nasty

Nasus

Natal

Natalitial

Natant

Natation

Natatory

Natch

Nathless

Nathmore

Nation

National

Nationality

Nationalize

Nationally

Native

Native

Natively

Nativeness

Nativity

Natka

Natrolite

Natron

Natural

Natural

Naturalism

Naturalist

Naturalization

Naturalize

Naturalized

Naturalizing

Naturally

Naturalness

Naturals

Nature

Nature

Naturist

Naturity

Naufrage

Naufragous

Naught

Naught

Naught

Naughtily

Naughtiness

Naughty

Naulage

Naumachy

Nausea

Nauseate

Nauseate

Nauseous

Nauseously

Nauseousness

Nautic

Nautilite

Nautilus

Naval

Navals

Navarch

Navarchy

Nave

Navel

Navel-Gall

Navel-String

Navel-Wort

Navew

Navicular

Navigable

Navigableness

Navigate

Navigate

Navigated

Navigating

Navigation

Navigator

Navy

Nawl

Nay

Nay

Nay

Nayward

Nayword

Nazarene

Nazarite

Nazaritism

Ne

Neaf

Neal

Neal

Neap

Neap

Neap

Neaped

Neapolitan

Neapolitan

Neap-Tide

Near

Near

Near

Nearest

Nearly

Nearness

Neat

Neat

Neatherd

Neatly

Neatness

Neatress

Neb

Nebula

Nebulosity

Nebulous

Necessarian

Necessaries

Necessarily

Necessariness

Necessary

Necessary

Necessitarian

Necessitate

Necessitated

Necessitating

Necessitation

Necessitied

Necessitous

Necessitousness

Necessitude

Necessity

Neck

Neckbeef

Neckcloth

Necked

Neckerchief

Necklace

Necklaced

Neckland

Neckverse

Neckweed

Necrological

Necrologist

Necrology

Necromancer

Necromancy

Necromantic

Necromantic

Necromantically

Necronite

Nectar

Nectarean

Nectared

Nectarial

Nectariferous

Nectarine

Nectarine

Nectarize

Nectarous

Nectary

Nedder

Need

Need

Need

Needed

Needer

Needful

Needfully

Needily

Neediness

Needing

Needle

Needle

Needle

Needle-Fish

Needleful

Needle-Maker

Needle-Ore

Needle-Shell

Needle-Stone

Needlework

Needle-Zeolite

Needless

Needlessly

Needlessness

Needment

Needs

Needy

Neer

Neese

Neesewort

Neesing

Nef

Nefandous

Nefarious

Nefariously

Negation

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negatively

Negatory

Neger

Neglect

Neglect

Neglected

Neglecter

Neglectful

Neglectfully

Neglecting

Neglectingly

Neglection

Neglective

Negligee

Negligence

Negligent

Negligently

Negotiability

Negotiable

Negotiant

Negotiate

Negotiate

Negotiated

Negotiating

Negotiation

Negotiator

Negress

Negro

Negus

Neif

Neigh

Neigh

Neighbor

Neighbor

Neighborhood

Neighboring

Neighborliness

Neighborly

Neighborly

Neighborship

Neither

Nem. Con

Nemolite

Nemoral

Nemorous

Nempne

Nenia

Nenuphar

Neodamode

Neologic

Neologism

Neologist

Neology

Neonomian

Neophyte

Neoteric

Neoteric

Nep

Nepenthe

Nephelin

Nephew

Nephrite

Nephritic

Nephritic

Nephritis

Nephrotomy

Nepotism

Neptunian

Neptunian

Nereid

Nerfling

Nerite

Neritite

Nerve

Nerve

Nerved

Nerveless

Nervine

Nervine

Nervous

Nervous

Nervously

Nervousness

Nervy

Nescience

Nesh

Ness

Ness

Nest

Nest

Nestegg

Nestle

Nestle

Nestling

Nestling

Nestorian

Net

Net

Net

Net

Nether

Nethermost

Netting

Nettle

Nettle

Nettled

Nettler

Nettle-Tree

Nettling

Net-Work

Neurological

Neurologist

Neurology

Neuropter

Neuropteral

Neurospast

Neurotic

Neurotic

Neurotomical

Neurotomist

Neurotomy

Neuter

Neuter

Neutral

Neutral

Neutralist

Neutrality

Neutralization

Neutralize

Neutralized

Neutralizer

Neutralizing

Neutrally

Never

Nevertheless

New

New

Newel

New-Fangled

New-Fangledness

New-Fashioned

Newing

Newish

Newly

New-Model

New-Modeled

New-Modeling

Newness

News

News-Monger

Newspaper

Newt

Newtonian

Newtonian

New-Years Gift

Next

Next

Nias

Nib

Nibbed

Nibble

Nibble

Nibble

Nibbler

Nibbling

Nice

Nicely

Nicene

Niceness

Nicety

Nich

Nick

Nick

Nick

Nick

Nickar-Tree

Nickel

Nickelic

Nicker

Nickname

Nickname

Nicknamed

Nicknaming

Nicolaitan

Nicotian

Nicotin

Nictate

Nictating

Nictation

Nide

Nidget

Nidificate

Nidification

Niding

Nidor

Nidorosity

Nidorous

Nidulant

Nidulation

Nidus

Niece

Nifle

Niggard

Niggard

Niggard

Niggardise

Niggardish

Niggardliness

Niggardly

Niggardly

Niggardness

Niggardy

Niggle

Nigh

Nigh

Nigh

Nighly

Nighness

Night

Night-Angling

Night-Bird

Night-Born

Night-Brawler

Night-Cap

Night-Crow

Night-Dew

Night-Dog

Night-Dress

Nighted

Nightfall

Night-Faring

Night-Fire

Night-Fly

Night-Foundered

Night-Gown

Night-Hag

Nightingale

Nightish

Nightly

Nightly

Night-Man

Nightmar

Night-Piece

Night-Rail

Night-Raven

Night-Rest

Night-Robber

Night-Rule

Nightshade

Night-Shining

Night-Shriek

Night-Spell

Night-Tripping

Night-Vision

Night-Waking

Night-Walk

Night-Walker

Night-Walking

Night-Walking

Night-Wanderer

Night-Wandering

Night-Warbling

Nightward

Night-Watch

Night-Watcher

Night-Witch

Nigrescent

Nigrin

Nihility

Nill

Nill

Nill

Nilometer

Nim

Nimble

Nimble-Footed

Nimbleness

Nimbless

Nimble-Witted

Nimbly

Nimiety

Nimmer

Nincompoop

Nine

Nine

Nine-Fold

Nine-Holes

Nine-Pence

Nine-Pins

Nine-Score

Nine-Score

Nineteen

Nineteenth

Ninetieth

Ninety

Ninny

Ninnyhammer

Ninth

Ninth

Nip

Nip

Nipped

Nipper

Nippers

Nipping

Nippingly

Nipple

Nipplewort

Nisan

Nisiprius

Nit

Nitency

Nitid

Niter

Nithing

Nitrate

Nitrated

Nitric

Nitrite

Nitrogen

Nitrogenous

Nitroleucic

Nitrometer

Nitro-Muriatic

Nitrous

Nitry

Nitter

Nittily

Nitty

Nival

Niveous

No

No

No

Nobiliary

Nobilitate

Nobilitation

Nobility

Noble

Noble

Nobleman

Noblewoman

Nobleness

Nobless

Nobly

Nobody

Nocent

Nocive

Nock

Nock

Noctambulation

Noctambulist

Noctidial

Noctiferous

Noctiluca

Noctilucous

Noctivagant

Noctivagation

Noctuary

Noctule

Nocturn

Nocturnal

Nocturnal

Nocument

Nod

Nod

Nod

Nodated

Nodation

Nodden

Nodder

Nodding

Noddle

Noddy

Node

Nodose

Nodosity

Nodous

Nodular

Nodule

Noduled

Nog

Noggen

Noggin

Nogging

Noiance

Noie

Noise

Noise

Noise

Noised

Noiseful

Noiseless

Noise-Maker

Noisily

Noisiness

Noising

Noisome

Noisomely

Noisomeness

Noisy

Noli-Me-Tangere

Nolition

Noll

Nomad

Nomadic

Nomadize

Nomadizing

Nomancy

Nombles

Nombril

Nome

Nomenclator

Nomenclatural

Nomenclatural

Nomenclature

Nomial

Nominal

Nominal

Nominalize

Nominally

Nominate

Nominated

Nominately

Nominating

Nomination

Nominative

Nominative

Nominator

Nominee

Nomothetic

Non

Non-Ability

Nonage

Nonagesimal

Nonagon

Non-Appearance

Non-Appointment

Non-Attendance

Non-Attention

Non-Bituminous

Nonce

Non-Claim

Non-Communion

Non-Compliance

Non-Complying

Non-Conducting

Non-Conduction

Non-Conductor

Non-Conformist

Non-Conformity

Non-Contagious

Non-Contagiousness

Non-Cotemporaneous

Non-Descript

Non-Descript

None

Non-Elect

Non-Electric

Non-Electric

Non-Emphatic

Non-Entity

Non-Episcopal

Non-Episcopalian

Nones

Non-Essential

Nonesuch

Non-Execution

Non-Existence

Non-Exportation

Nonillion

Non-Importation

Non-Juring

Non-Juror

Non-Manufacturing

Non-Metallic

Non-Naturals

Non-Observance

Nonpareil

Nonpareil

Non-Payment

Nonplus

Nonplus

Non-Ponderosity

Non-Ponderous

Non-Production

Non-Proficiency

Non-Proficient

Non-Regardance

Non-Rendition

Non-Resemblance

Non-Residence

Non-Resident

Non-Resident

Non-Resistance

Non-Resistant

Non-Sane

Nonsense

Nonsensical

Nonsensically

Nonsensicalness

Nonsensitive

Non-Solution

Non-Solvency

Non-Solvent

Non-Sparing

Nonsuch

Nonsuit

Nonsut

Nonsuit

Nonsuited

Nonsuiting

Non-Usance

Non-User

Noodle

Nook

Noon

Noon

Noonday

Noonday

Nooning

Noonstead

Noontide

Noontide

Noose

Noose

Nopal

Nope

Nor

Normal

Norman

Norman

Norman

Norroy

North

North

Northeast

Northeast

Northerly

Northerly

Northern

Northernly

Northing

North-Star

Northward

Northward

Northwest

Northwest

Northwestern

North-Wind

Norwegian

Norwegian

Nose

Nose

Nose

Nosebleed

Nosed

Nose-Fish

Nosegay

Noseless

Nose-Smart

Nosethril

Nosle

Nosological

Nosologist

Nosology

Nosopoetic

Nostril

Nostrum

Not

Notable

Notable

Notableness

Notably

Notarial

Notary

Notation

Notch

Notch

Notch-Weed

Note

Note

Note

Note

Note-Book

Noted

Notedly

Notedness

Noteless

Noter

Noteworthy

Nothing

Nothing

Nothingness

Notice

Notice

Noticeable

Noticed

Noticing

Notification

Notified

Notify

Notifying

Notion

Notional

Notionality

Notionally

Notionist

Notoriety

Notorious

Notoriously

Notoriousness

Nott

Nott

Notus

Notwheat

Notwithstanding

Nought

Noul

Nould

Noun

Nourish

Nourish

Nourishable

Nourished

Nourisher

Nourishing

Nourishment

Nouriture

Noursling

Novaculite

Novatian

Novatianism

Novation

Novator

Novel

Novel

Novelism

Novelist

Novelize

Novelty

November

Novenary

Novenary

Novennial

Novercal

Novice

Novitiate

Novitious

Novity

Now

Now

Noway

Nowed

Nowel

Nowes

Nowhere

Nowise

Noxious

Noxiously

Noxiousness

Noyau

Nozle

Nubble

Nubiferous

Nubile

Nubilous

Nuciferous

Nucleus

Nudation

Nude

Nudity

Nugacity

Nugation

Nugatory

Nuisance

Null

Null

Null

Nullifidian

Nullified

Nullify

Nullity

Numb

Numb

Numbed

Number

Number

Numbered

Numberer

Numbering

Numberless

Numbers

Numbing

Numbles

Numbness

Numerable

Numeral

Numerally

Numerary

Numerate

Numeration

Numerator

Numeric

Numerically

Numerist

Numerosity

Numerous

Numerousness

Numismatic

Numismatics

Numismatologist

Numismatology

Nummary

Nummulite

Numps

Numskull

Numskulled

Nun

Nun

Nunchion

Nunciature

Nuncio

Nuncupate

Nuncupation

Nuncupative

Nundinal

Nundinal

Nundinate

Nundination

Nunnation

Nunnery

Nuptial

Nuptials

Nurse

Nurse

Nursed

Nurser

Nursery

Nursing

Nursling

Nurture

Nurture

Nusance

Nut

Nut

Nutation

Nut-Breaker

Nut-Brown

Nut-Cracker

Nutgall

Nut-Hatch

Nut-Hook

Nutmeg

Nutrication

Nutrient

Nutrient

Nutriment

Nutrimental

Nutrition

Nutritious

Nutritive

Nutriture

Nut-Shell

Nut-Tree

Nuzzle

Nuzzle

Nuzzle

Nuzzle

Nyctalops

Nyctalopy

Nye

Nylgau

Nymph

Nymph

Nymphean

Nymphical

Nymphish

Nymphlike

Nys

O

O

Oaf

Oafish

Oafishness

Oak

Oak-Apple

Oaken

Oakenpin

Oakling

Oakum

Oaky

Oar

Oar

Oar

Oary

Oast

Oat

Oatcake

Oaten

Oath

Oathable

Oathbreaking

Oatmalt

Oatmeal

Oat-Thistle

Ob

Obambulate

Obambulation

Obbligato

Obcordate

Obdormition

Obduce

Obduct

Obduction

Obduracy

Obdurate

Obdurate

Obdurately

Obdurateness

Obduration

Obdure

Obdured

Obduredness

Obedience

Obedient

Obediential

Obediently

Obeisance

Obeliscal

Obelisk

Obequitate

Obequitation

Oberration

Obese

Obeseness

Obey

Obeyed

Obeyer

Obeying

Obfirm

Obfuscate

Obfuscated

Obfuscation

Obit

Obitual

Obituary

Obituary

Object

Object-Glass

Object

Object

Object

Objectable

Objection

Objectionable

Objective

Objectively

Objectiveness

Objector

Objurgate

Objurgation

Objurgatory

Oblada

Oblate

Oblateness

Oblation

Oblectate

Oblectation

Obligate

Obligated

Obligating

Obligation

Obligato

Obligatory

Oblige

Obliged

Obligee

Obligement

Obliger

Obliging

Obliging

Obligingly

Obligingness

Obligor

Obliquation

Oblique

Obliquely

Obliqueness

Obliquity

Obliterate

Obliterated

Obliterating

Obliteration

Oblivion

Oblivious

Oblocutor

Oblong

Oblong

Oblongish

Oblongly

Oblongness

Oblong-Ovate

Obloquious

Obloquy

Obluctation

Obmutescence

Obnoxious

Obnoxiously

Obnoxiousness

Obnubilate

Obnubilation

Obole

Obolus

Obovate

Obreption

Obreptitious

Obscene

Obscenely

Obsceneness

Obscuration

Obscure

Obscure

Obscurely

Obscureness

Obsecrate

Obsecration

Obsequent

Obsequies

Obsequious

Obsequiously

Obsequiousness

Observable

Observably

Observance

Observanda

Observant

Observant

Observation

Observator

Observatory

Observe

Observe

Observed

Observer

Observing

Observingly

Obsess

Obsession

Obsidian

Obsidional

Obsignate

Obsignation

Obsignatory

Obsolescent

Obsolete

Obsoleteness

Obstacle

Obstancy

Obstetric

Obstetricate

Obstetricate

Obstetrication

Obstetrician

Obstetrics

Obstinacy

Obstinate

Obstinately

Obstinateness

Obstipation

Obstreperous

Obstreperously

Obstreperousness

Obstriction

Obstruct

Obstructed

Obstructer

Obstructing

Obstruction

Obstructive

Obstructive

Obstruent

Obstruent

Obstupefaction

Obstupefactive

Obtain

Obtain

Obtainable

Obtained

Obtainer

Obtaining

Obtainment

Obtend

Obtenebration

Obtension

Obtest

Obtest

Obtestation

Obtesting

Obtrectation

Obtrude

Obtrude

Obtruded

Obtruder

Obtruding

Obtruncate

Obtruncation

Obtrusion

Obtrusive

Obtrusively

Obtund

Obturation

Obturator

Obtusangular

Obtuse

Obtusely

Obtuseness

Obtusion

Obumbrate

Obumbration

Obvention

Obversant

Obverse

Obverse

Obvert

Obverted

Obverting

Obviate

Obviated

Obviating

Obvious

Obviously

Obviousness

Obvolute

Occasion

Occasion

Occasionable

Occasional

Occasionally

Occasioned

Occasioner

Occasioning

Occasive

Occecation

Occident

Occidental

Occiduous

Occipital

Occiput

Occision

Occlude

Occluse

Occlusion

Occult

Occultation

Occulted

Occultness

Occupancy

Occupant

Occupate

Occupation

Occupier

Occupy

Occupy

Occupying

Occur

Occurrence

Occurrent

Occursion

Ocean

Ocean

Oceanic

Ocellated

Ocelot

Ocher

Ocherous

Ochimy

Ochlocracy

Ochrey

Ochroits

Ocra

Octachord

Octagon

Octagonal

Octahedral

Octahedrite

Octahedron

Octander

Octandrian

Octangular

Octant

Octave

Octave

Octavo

Octennial

Octile

October

Octodecimal

Octodentate

Octofid

Octogenary

Octogenary

Octolocular

Octonary

Octonocular

Octopetalous

Octoradiated

Octospermous

Octostyle

Octosyllable

Octuple

Ocular

Ocularly

Oculate

Oculiform

Oculist

Odd

Oddity

Oddly

Oddness

Odds

Ode

Odious

Odiously

Odiousness

Odium

Odontalgic

Odontalgic

Odontalgy

Odor

Odorament

Odorate

Odorating

Odoriferous

Odoriferousness

Odorous

Odorousness

Oeconomical

Oeiliad

Oer

Of

Off

Off

Off

Off

Offal

Offend

Offend

Offended

Offender

Offending

Offendress

Offense

Offenseful

Offenseless

Offensive

Offensive

Offensively

Offensiveness

Offer

Offer

Offer

Offerable

Offered

Offerer

Offering

Offering

Offertory

Offerture

Office

Office

Officer

Officer

Officered

Official

Official

Officially

Officialty

Officiate

Officiate

Officiating

Officinal

Officious

Officiously

Officiousness

Offing

Offscouring

Offset

Offset

Offspring

Offuscate

Offward

Oft

Often

Often

Oftenness

Oftentimes

Ofttimes

Og

Ogdoastich

Ogee

Ogganition

Ogham

Ogive

Ogle

Ogle

Ogler

Ogling

Ogling

Oglio

Ogre

Ogress

Oh

Oil

Oil

Oil-Bag

Oil-Color

Oiled

Oiler

Oil-Gas

Oiliness

Oiling

Oilman

Oil-Nut

Oil-Nut

Oil-Shop

Oily

Oily-Grain

Oily-Palm

Oint

Ointed

Ointing

Ointment

Oisanite

Oke

Oker

Old

Olden

Old-Fashioned

Oldness

Old-Wife

Oleaginous

Oleaginousness

Oleander

Oleaster

Oleate

Olefiant

Oleic

Oleosaccharum

Oleose

Oleraceous

Olfact

Olfactory

Oliban

Olid

Oligarchal

Oligarchy

Oligist

Olio

Olitory

Olivaceous

Olivaster

Olive

Olived

Olivenite

Olive-Yard

Olivin

Olympiad

Olympean

Omber

Ombrometer

Omega

Omelet

Omen

Omened

Omentum

Omer

Ominate

Ominate

Omination

Ominous

Ominously

Ominousness

Omissible

Omission

Omissive

Omit

Omittance

Omitted

Omitting

Omnifarious

Omniferous

Omnific

Omniform

Omniformity

Omnigenous

Omniparity

Omnipercipience

Omnipercipient

Omnipotence

Omnipotent

Omnipotently

Omnipresence

Omnipresent

Omnipresential

Omniscience

Omniscient

Omniscious

Omnium

Omnivorous

Omoplate

Omphacine

Omphacite

Omphalic

Omphalocele

Omphalopter

Omphalotomy

Omy

On

On

Onager

Onanism

Once

Once

One

One-Berry

One-Eyed

Oneirocritic

Oneirocritic

Oneirocritic

Oneiromancy

Onement

Oneness

Onerary

Onerate

Oneration

Onerous

Onion

Onkotomy

Only

Only

Onomancy

Onomantic

Onomatope

Onset

Onset

Onslaught

Ontologic

Ontologist

Ontology

Onward

Onward

Onycha

Onyx

Oolite

Ooze

Ooze

Oozing

Oozy

Opacate

Opacity

Opacous

Opacousness

Opah

Opake

Opakeness

Opal

Opalescence

Opalescent

Opaline

Opalize

Opaque

Opaqueness.

Ope

Ope

Open

Open

Open

Opened

Opener

Openeyed

Openhanded

Openhearted

Openheartedly

Openheartedness

Opening

Opening

Openly

Openmouthed

Openness

Opera

Operable

Operant

Operate

Operate

Operatical

Operating

Operation

Operative

Operator

Operculate

Operculiform

Operose

Operoseness

Opetide

Ophidian

Ophidion

Ophiologic

Ophiologist

Ophiology

Ophiomancy

Ophiomorphous

Ophiophagous

Ophite

Ophite

Ophiuchus

Ophthalmic

Ophthalmoscopy

Ophthalmy

Opiate

Opiate

Opificer

Opinable

Opination

Opinative

Opinator

Opine

Opined

Opiner

Opiniaster

Opiniate

Opiniated

Opiniater

Opiniative

Opiniativeness

Opiniator

Opiniatry

Opining

Opining

Opinion

Opinion

Opinionate

Opinionately

Opinionative

Opinionatively

Opinionativeness

Opinioned

Opinionist

Opisthodome

Opium

Ople-Tree

Opobalsam

Opodeldoc

Opopanax

Opossum

Oppidan

Oppidan

Oppignerate

Oppilate

Oppilation

Oppilative

Oppleted

Oppone

Opponency

Opponent

Opponent

Opportune

Opportunely

Opportunity

Opposal

Oppose

Oppose

Opposed

Opposeless

Opposer

Opposite

Opposite

Oppositely

Oppositeness

Oppositifolious

Opposition

Oppositionist

Oppositive

Oppress

Oppressed

Oppressing

Oppression

Oppressive

Oppressively

Oppressiveness

Oppressor

Opprobrious

Opprobriously

Oppobriousness

Opprobrium

Oppugn

Oppugnancy

Oppugnation

Oppugned

Oppugner

Oppugning

Opsimathy

Opsonation

Optable

Optation

Optative

Optative

Optic

Optic

Optician

Optics

Optimacy

Optimism

Optimity

Option

Optional

Opulence

Opulent

Opulently

Opuscule

Or

Or

Or

Orach

Oracle

Oracle

Oracular

Oracularly

Oraculousness

Oraison

Oral

Orally

Orange

Orange-Musk

Orange-Peel

Orangery

Orange-Tawny

Orange-Wife

Orang-Outang

Oration

Orator

Oratorial

Oratorially

Oratorio

Oratory

Oratress

Orb

Orb

Orbate

Orbation

Orbed

Orbic

Orbicular

Orbicularly

Orbicularness

Orbiculate

Orbiculation

Orbis

Orbit

Orbital

Orbitude

Orby

Orc

Orchal

Orchanet

Orchard

Orcharding

Orchardist

Orchester

Orchestral

Orchis

Ord

Ordain

Ordainable

Ordained

Ordainer

Ordaining

Ordeal

Order

Order

Order

Ordered

Orderer

Ordering

Ordering

Orderless

Orderliness

Orderly

Orderly

Ordinability

Ordinable

Ordinal

Ordinal

Ordinance

Ordinant

Ordinarily

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinate

Ordinate

Ordinate

Ordinately

Ordination

Ordinative

Ordnance

Ordonnance

Ordure

Ore

Oread

Ore-Weed

Orfgild

Orfrays

Orgal

Organ

Organ-Builder

Organic

Organically

Organicalness

Organism

Organist

Organization

Organize

Organized

Organizing

Organ-Loft

Organographic

Organography

Organ-Pipe

Organ-Stop

Organy

Organzine

Orgasm

Orgeat

Orgeis

Orgies

Orgillous

Orgues

Orichalch

Oriel

Oriency

Orient

Orient

Oriental

Oriental

Orientalism

Orientalist

Orientality

Orifice

Oriflamb

Origan

Origenism

Origenist

Origin

Original

Orginal

Originality

Originally

Originalness

Originary

Originate

Originate

Originated

Originating

Origination

Orillon

Oriole

Orion

Orison

Ork

Orle

Orlet

Orlop

Ornament

Ornament

Ornamental

Ornamentally

Ornamented

Ornamenting

Ornate

Ornately

Ornateness

Ornature

Orniscopics

Orniscopist

Ornitholite

Ornithological

Ornithologist

Ornithology

Ornithomancy

Orological

Orologist

Orology

Orphan

Orphan

Orphanage

Orphaned

Orphanotrophy

Orphean

Orpheus

Orpiment

Orpine

Orrach.

Orrery

Orris

Ort

Ortalon

Orthite

Orthoceratite

Orthodox

Orthodoxly

Orthodoxness

Orthodoxy

Orthodromic

Orthodromics

Orthodromy

Orthoepist

Orthoepy

Orthogon

Orthogonal

Orthographer

Orthographic

Orthographically

Orthography

Orthology

Orthometry

Orthopny

Ortive

Ortolan

Orts

Orval

Orvietan

Oryctognostic

Oryctognosy

Oryctography

Oryctology

Oscheocele

Oscillate

Oscillation

Oscillatory

Oscitancy

Oscitant

Oscitantly

Oscitation

Osculation

Osculatory

Osculatory

Osier

Osmazome

Osmium

Osmund

Osnaburg

Ospray

Osselet

Osseous

Ossicle

Ossiferous

Ossific

Ossification

Ossified

Ossifrage

Ossify

Ossify

Ossivorous

Ossuary

Ost

Ostensibility

Ostensible

Ostensibly

Ostensive

Ostent

Ostentate

Ostentation

Ostentatious

Ostentatiously

Ostentatiousness

Ostentator

Ostentous

Osteocol

Osteocope

Osteologer

Osteologic

Osteologically

Osteology

Ostiary

Ostler

Ostlery

Ostmen

Ostracism

Ostracite

Ostracize

Ostrich

Otacoustic

Otacoustic

Other

Othergates

Otherguise

Otherwhere

Otherwhile

Otherwise

Otomo

Otter

Otter

Otter

Ottoman

Ouch

Ought

Ought

Ounce

Ounded

Ouphe

Ouphen

Our

Ouranography

Ourself

Ourselves

Ouse

Ousel

Oust

Ousted

Ouster

Ousting

Out

Out

Outact

Outbalance

Outbar

Outbid

Outbid

Outbidder

Outbidding

Outblown

Outblush

Outborn

Outbound

Outbrave

Outbrazen

Outbreak

Outbreaking

Outbreathe

Outbud

Outbuild

Outcant

Outcast

Outcast

Outcept

Outclimb

Outcompass

Outcraft

Outcry

Outdare

Outdate

Outdo

Outdoing

Outdoing

Outdone

Outdrink

Outdwell

Outer

Outerly

Outermost

Outface

Outfall

Outfawn

Outfeast

Outfit

Outflank

Outfly

Outfool

Outform

Outfrown

Outgate

Outgeneral

Outgive

Outgo

Outgoing

Outgoing

Outgrin

Outgrow

Outgrown

Outguard

Outherod

Outhouse

Outjest

Outjuggle

Outknave

Outland

Outlander

Outlandish

Outlast

Outlaw

Outlaw

Outlawed

Outlawing

Outlawry

Outlay

Outleap

Outleap

Outlet

Outlicker

Outlie

Outlier

Outline

Outline

Outlive

Outliver

Outlook

Outlook

Outlope

Outluster

Outlying

Outmarch

Outmeasure

Outmost

Outnumber

Outpace

Outparamour

Outparish

Outpart

Outpass

Outpoise

Outporch

Outpost

Outpour

Outpouring

Outpray

Outpreach

Outprize

Outrage

Outrage

Outrage

Outrageous

Outrageously

Outrageousness

Outraze

Outre

Outreach

Outreason

Outreckon

Outreign

Outride

Outride

Outrider

Outrigger

Outright

Outrival

Outroar

Outrode

Outroot

Outrun

Outsail

Outscape

Outscorn

Outscourings

Outsell

Outset

Outshine

Outshoot

Outshut

Outside

Outsit

Outskip

Outskirt

Outsleep

Outsoar

Outsound

Outspeak

Outsport

Outspread

Outstand

Outstand

Outstanding

Outstare

Outstep

Outstorm

Outstreet

Outstretch

Outstride

Outstrip

Outswear

Outsweeten

Outswell

Outtalk

Outthrow

Outtongue

Outtop

Outvalue

Outvenom

Outvie

Outvillain

Outvoice

Outvote

Outwalk

Outwall

Outward

Outward

Outward

Outward-Bound

Outwardly

Outwash

Outwatch

Outwear

Outweed

Outweep

Outweigh

Outwell

Outwent

Outwhore

Outwin

Outwind

Outwing

Outwit

Outwork

Outworn

Outworth

Outwrest

Outwrite

Outwrought

Outzany

Oval

Oval

Ovarious

Ovary

Ovate

Ovate-Lanceolate

Ovate-Subulate

Ovation

Ovato-Oblong

Oven

Over

Over

Over

Overbound

Overact

Overact

Overgitate

Overalls

Overanxious

Overarch

Overawe

Overbalance

Overbalance

Overbattle

Overbear

Overbearing

Overbend

Overbid

Overblow

Overblow

Overblown

Overboard

Overbrow

Overbuilt

Overbulk

Overburden

Overburdened

Overburn

Overbusy

Overbuy

Overcanopy

Overcare

Overcareful

Overcarry

Overcast

Overcast

Overcautious

Overcharge

Overcharge

Overclimb

Overcloud

Overcloy

Overcold

Overcome

Overcome

Overcomer

Overcomingly

Overconfidence

Overcorn

Overcount

Overcover

Overcredulous

Overcrow

Overcurious

Overdate

Overdight

Overdiligent

Overdo

Overdo

Overdone

Overdose

Overdress

Overdrink

Overdrive

Overdry

Overeager

Overeagerly

Overeagerness

Overeat

Overelegant

Overempty

Overeye

Overfall

Overfatigue

Overfatigue

Overfeed

Overfill

Overfloat

Overflourish

Overflow

Overflow

Overflow

Overflowing

Overflowing

Overflowing

Overflowingly

Overflush

Overflushed

Overfly

Overforward

Overforwardness

Overfreight

Overfruitful

Overget

Overgild

Overgird

Overglance

Overgo

Overgone

Overgorge

Overgrassed

Overgreat

Overgrow

Overgrow

Overgrowth

Overhale

Overhandle

Overhang

Overhang

Overharden

Overhastily

Overhastiness

Overhasty

Overhaul

Overhead

Overhear

Overheard

Overheat

Overhele

Overhend

Overjoy

Overjoy

Overlabor

Overlade

Overladen

Overlaid

Overlarge

Overlargeness

Overlash

Overlay

Overlaying

Overleap

Overleather

Overleaven

Overliberal

Overlight

Overlive

Overlive

Overliver

Overload

Overlong

Overlook

Overlooker

Overloop

Overlove

Overly

Overmast

Overmasted

Overmaster

Overmatch

Overmatch

Overmeasure

Overmeasure

Overmix

Overmodest

Overmost

Overmuch

Overmuch

Overmuch

Overmuchness

Overmultitude

Overname

Overneat

Overnight

Overnoise

Overoffended

Overoffice

Overofficious

Overpaint

Overpass

Overpassed

Overpay

Overpeer

Overpeople

Overperch

Overpersuade

Overpicture

Overplus

Overply

Overpoise

Overpoise

Overpolish

Overponderous

Overpost

Overpower

Overpress

Overprize

Overprompt

Overpromptness

Overproportion

Overquietness

Overrake

Overrank

Overrate

Overreach

Overreach

Overreach

Overreacher

Overreaching

Overread

Overred

Override

Overrid

Overripen

Overroast

Overrule

Overruler

Overruling

Overrun

Overrun

Overunner

Overrunning

Oversaturate

Oversaturated

Oversaturating

Overscrupulous

Oversea

Oversee

Overseen

Overseer

Overset

Overset

Overshade

Overshadow

Overshadower

Overshadowing

Overshoot

Overshoot

Overshot

Overshot

Oversight

Oversize

Overskip

Oversleep

Overslip

Overslow

Oversnow

Oversold

Oversoon

Oversorrow

Overspan

Overspeak

Overspent

Overspread

Overspread

Overstand

Overstare

Overstep

Overstock

Overstock

Overstore

Overstrain

Overstrain

Overstrew

Overstrike

Overstrown

Oversupply

Oversway

Overswell

Overt

Overtake

Overtask

Overtax

Overthrow

Overthrow

Overthrower

Overthwart

Overthwart

Overthwartly

Overthwartness

Overtire

Overtitle

Overtly

Overtook

Overtop

Overtower

Overtrip

Overtrust

Overture

Overturn

Overturn

Overturnable

Overturned

Overturner

Overturning

Overturning

Overvalue

Overvail

Overvote,

Overwatch

Overwatched

Overweak

Overweary

Overweather

Overween

Overweening

Overweeningly,

Overweigh

Overweight

Overwhelm

Overwhelm

Overwhelming

Overwhelmingly

Overwing

Overwise

Overwiseness

Overword

Overwork

Overworn

Overwrestle

Overwrought

Overyeared

Overzealed

Overzealous

Ovicular

Oviduct

Oviform

Ovine

Oviparous

Ovoid

Ovolo

Owe

Owe

Owing

Owl

Owler

Owlet

Owling

Owl-Light

Owl-Like

Own

Own

Owned

Owner

Ownership

Owning

Owre

Owse

Owser

Ox

Oxalate

Oxalic

Oxbane

Ox-Eye

Oxeyyed

Oxfly

Oxgang

Oxheal

Oxiodic

Oxlike

Oxlip

Oxstall

Oxtongue

Oxycrate

Oxyd

Oxydability

Oxydable

Oxydate

Oxydated

Oxydating

Oxydation

Oxydize

Oxydized

Oxydizement

Oxydizing

Oxygen

Oxygenate

Oxygenated

Oxygenating

Oxygenation

Oxygenizable

Oxygenize

Oxygenized

Oxygenizement

Oxygenizing

Oxygenous

Oxygon

Oxy-Iodine

Oxymel

Oxymoron

Oxyrrhodine

Oxytone

Oxytone

Oyer

Oyes

Oylet-Hole

Oyster

Oyster-Shell

Oyster-Wench

P

P

Paage

Pabular

Pabulation

Pabulous

Pabulum

Paca

Pacate

Pacated

Pacation

Paccan

Pace

Pace

Pace

Paced

Pacer

Pachydermatous

Pacific

Pacific

Pacification

Pacificator

Pacificatory

Pacified

Pacifier

Pacify

Pacifying

Pack

Pack

Pack

Package

Packcloth

Packed

Packer

Packet

Packet

Packet-Boat

Packet-Ship

Packhorse

Packing

Packing

Packsaddle

Packstaff

Packthread

Pack-Wax

Paco

Pact

Paction

Pactional

Pactitious

Pad

Pad

Pad

Padar

Padder

Paddle

Paddle

Paddle

Paddler

Paddle-Staff

Paddock

Paddock

Paddock-Pipe

Paddock-Stool

Padelion

Padlock

Padlock

Padnag

Padow-Pipe

Paduasoy

Paean

Pagan

Pagan

Paganish

Paganism

Paganize

Paganize

Paganized

Paganizing

Page

Page

Page

Pageant

Pageant

Pageant

Pageantry

Paginal

Pagod

Pagoda

Pagodite

Paid

Paigle

Pail

Pail-Full

Pailmail

Pain

Pain

Painful

Painfully

Painfulness

Painim

Painim

Painless

Painstaker

Painstaking

Painstaking

Paint

Paint

Paint

Painted

Painter

Painter

Painting

Painting

Painture

Pair

Pair

Pair

Pair

Paired

Pairing

Palace

Palace-Court

Palacious

Palankeen

Palatable

Palatableness

Palatal

Palatal

Palate

Palate

Palatial

Palatial

Palatic

Palatinate

Palatine

Palatine

Palative

Palaver

Palaver

Pale

Pale

Pale

Pale

Paleaceous

Paled

Pale-Eyed

Pale-Faced

Pale-Hearted

Palely

Palendar

Paleness

Paleography

Paleologist

Paleology

Paleous

Palestrian

Palet

Palette

Palfrey

Palfreyed

Palification

Palindrome

Paling

Paling

Palinode

Palisade

Palisade

Palish

Pall

Pall

Pall

Pall

Pall

Palladium

Pallet

Pallet

Palliament

Palliard

Palliardise

Palliate

Palliate

Palliated

Palliating

Palliation

Palliative

Palliative

Pallid

Pallidly

Pallidness

Pallmall

Pallor

Palm

Palm

Palm-Sunday

Palm-Tree

Palmar

Palmated

Palmer

Palmer-Worm

Palmetto

Palmiferous

Palmiped

Palmiped

Palmister

Palmistry

Palmy

Palp

Palpability

Palpable

Palpableness

Palpably

Palpation

Palpitate

Palpitation

Palsgrave

Palsical

Palsied

Palsy

Palter

Palter

Palterer

Paltriness

Paltry

Paly

Pam

Pamper

Pampering

Pampering

Pampering

Pamphlet

Pamphlet

Pamphleteer

Pan

Pan

Panacea

Panada

Pancake

Panch

Pancratic

Pancreas

Pancreatic

Pancy

Pandect

Pandemic

Pander

Pander

Pander

Panderage

Panderism

Panderly

Pandiculation

Pandit

Pandore

Pane

Pangyric

Panegyric

Panegyris

Panegyrist

Panegyrixe

Panegyrize

Panegyrized

Panegyrizing

Panel

Panel

Paneless

Pang

Pang

Pangolin

Panic

Panic

Panic

Panic-Grass

Panicle

Panicled

Paniculate

Pannade

Pannage

Pannel

Pannellation

Pannier

Pannikel

Panoply

Panorama

Pansophical

Pansophy

Pansy

Pant

Pant

Pantaloon

Panter

Panter

Pantess

Pantheism

Pantheist

Pantheistic

Pantheon

Panther

Pantile

Panting

Panting

Pantingly

Pantler

Pantofle

Pantograph

Pantographic

Pantography

Pantometer

Pantometric

Pantomime

Pantomime

Pantomimic

Panton

Pantry

Panurgy

Pap

Pap

Pap

Papa

Papacy

Papal

Papalin

Papaverous

Papaw

Pape

Paper

Paper

Paper

Paper-Credit

Paper-Faced

Paper-Kite

Paper-Maker

Paper-Mill

Paper-Money

Paper-Stainer

Papescent

Papess

Papil

Papilio

Papilionaceous

Papillary

Papillate

Papillose

Papism

Papist

Papistic

Papistry

Papized

Pappous

Pappus

Pappy

Papulae

Papulose

Papulous

Papyrus

Par

Parable

Parable

Parable

Parabola

Parabole

Parabolic

Parabolically

Paraboliform

Parabolism

Paraboloid

Paracelsian

Paracelsian

Paracentesis

Paracentric

Parachronism

Parachute

Paraclete

Parade

Parade

Parade

Paraded

Paradigm

Paradigmatic

Paradigmatize

Parading

Paradise

Paradisea

Paradisean

Paradox

Paradoxical

Paradoxically

Paradoxicalness

Paradoxology

Paragoge

Paragogic

Paragon

Paragon

Paragon

Paragram

Paragrammatist

Paragraph

Paragraph

Paragraphic

Paragraphically

Paralepsis

Paralipomena

Paralize

Parallactic

Parallax

Parallel

Parallel

Parallel

Parallelable

Parallelism

Parallelly

Parallelogram

Parallelogramic

Parallelopiped

Parallelopipedia

Paralogism

Paralogize

Paralogy

Paralysis

Paralytic

Paralytic

Parameter

Paramount

Paramount

Paramour

Paranthine

Paranymph

Parapegm

Parapet

Parapherna

Paraphrase

Paraphrase

Paraphrase

Paraphrased

Paraphrasing

Paraphrast

Paraphrastic

Paraphrastically

Paraphrenitis

Paraplegy

Paraquet

Parasang

Parasceuastic

Parasceve

Paraselene

Parasite

Parasitic

Parasitically

Parasitism

Parasol

Parat

Parathesis

Paravail

Paravant

Parboil

Parbreak

Parbuckle

Parcel

Parcel

Parceled

Parceling

Parceling

Parcenary

Parcener

Parch

Parch

Parched

Parchedness

Parching

Parchment

Parchment-Maker

Pard

Pardon

Pardon

Pardonable

Pardonableness

Pardonably

Pardoned

Pardoner

Pardoning

Pare

Pared

Paregoric

Paregoric

Parelcon

Parembole

Parenchyma

Parenchymatous

Parenesis

Parenetic

Parent

Parentage

Parental

Parentation

Parenthesis

Parenthetic

Parenticide

Parentless

Parer

Parergy

Pargasite

Parget

Parget

Pargeted

Pargeter

Pargeting

Parhelion

Parial

Parian

Parietal

Parietary

Parietine

Paring

Paring

Paris

Parish

Parish

Parishioner

Parisyllabic

Paritor

Parity

Park

Park

Parker

Parkleaves

Parlance

Parle

Parley

Parley

Parliament

Parliamentarian

Parliamentarian

Parliamentary

Parlor

Parlous

Parochial

Parochiality

Parochian

Parochian

Parodic

Parody

Parody

Parol

Parol

Parole

Paronomasia

Paronomastic

Paronychia

Paronymous

Paroquet

Parotid

Parotis

Paroxysm

Paroxysmal

Parrel

Parricidal

Parricide

Parried

Parrot

Parry

Parry

Parrying

Parse

Parsimonious

Parsimoniously

Parsimoniousness

Parsimony

Parsley

Parsnep

Parson

Parsonage

Part

Part

Part

Partable

Partage

Partake

Partake

Partaken

Partaker

Partaking

Partaking

Parted

Parter

Parterre

Partial

Partialist

Partiality

Partialize

Partially

Partibility

Partible

Participable

Participant

Participant

Participate

Participate

Participated

Participating

Participation

Participative

Participial

Participially

Participle

Particle

Particular

Particular

Particularity

Particularize

Particularize

Particularly

Particulate

Parting

Parting

Partisan

Partite

Partition

Partition

Partitive

Partitively

Partlet

Partly

Partner

Partner

Partnership

Partook

Partridge

Parturiate

Parturient

Parturition

Party

Party-Colored

Party-Jury

Party-Man

Party-Spirit

Party-Wall

Paru

Parvis

Parvitude

Pas

Pasch

Paschal

Pasch-Egg

Pash

Pash

Pashaw

Pashawlic

Pasigraphy

Pasque-Flower

Pasquil

Pasquil

Pasquiler

Pasquinade

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass-Parole

Passable

Passably

Passade

Passade

Passage

Passager

Passed

Passenger

Passer

Passerine

Passibility

Passible

Passibleness

Passing

Passing-Bell

Passingly

Passing-Note

Passion

Passion

Passion-Flower

Passion-Week

Passionary

Passionate

Passionate

Passionately

Passionateness

Passioned

Passionless

Passive

Passively

Passiveness

Passivity

Passless

Passover

Passport

Passy-Measure

Past

Past

Past

Paste

Paste

Pasteboard

Pastel

Pastern

Pastern-Joint

Pasticcio

Pastil

Pastime

Pastime

Pastor

Pastoral

Pastoral

Pastorate

Pastorlike

Pastorship

Pastry

Pastry-Cook

Pasturable

Pasturage

Pasture

Pasture

Pasture

Pasty

Pasty

Pat

Pat

Pat

Pat

Pataca

Patache

Patavinity

Patch

Patch

Patched

Patcher

Patchery

Patching

Patchwork

Pate

Pated

Patee

Patefaction

Patelliform

Patellite

Paten

Patent

Patent

Patent

Patented

Patentee

Patenting

Patent-Rolls

Paternal

Paternity

Paternoster

Path

Path

Path

Pathetic

Pathetic

Pathetically

Patheticalness

Pathfly

Pathic

Pathless

Pathognomonic

Pathognomy

Pathologic

Pathologically

Pathologist

Pathology

Pathos

Pathway

Patible

Patibulary

Patience

Patient

Patient

Patient

Patiently

Patin

Patly

Patness

Patriarch

Patriarchal

Patriarchate

Patriarchy

Patrician

Patrician

Patrimonial

Patrimonially

Patrimony

Patriot

Patriot

Patriotic

Patriotism

Patristic

Patrocinate

Patrocination

Patrol

Patroll

Patrolling

Patron

Patronage

Patronage

Patronal

Patroness

Patronize

Patronized

Patronizer

Patronizing

Patronless

Patronymic

Patten

Patten-Maker

Patter

Pattering

Pattern

Pattern

Patty

Patty-Pan

Patulous

Pauciloquy

Paucity

Paum

Paunch

Paunch

Pauper

Pauperism

Pause

Pause

Pauser

Pausing

Pausingly

Pavan

Pave

Paved

Pavement

Pavement

Paver

Pavilion

Pavilion

Pavilioned

Paving

Paving

Pavo

Pavone

Pavonine

Paw

Paw

Paw

Pawed

Pawky

Pawl

Pawn

Pawn

Pawn-Broker

Pawned

Pawnee

Pawner

Pawning

Pax

Pay

Pay

Pay

Payable

Pay-Bill

Pay-Day

Payee

Payer

Paymaster

Payment

Paynim

Pay-Office

Payse

Pea

Peace

Peaceable

Peaceableness

Peaceably

Peacebreaker

Peaceful

Peacefully

Peacefulness

Peaceless

Peacemaker

Peace-Offering

Peace-Officer

Peace-Parted

Peach

Peach

Peach-Color

Peach-Colored

Peacher

Peachick

Peach-Tree

Peacock

Peacock-Fish

Peahen

Peak

Peak

Peak

Peaking

Peakish

Peal

Peal

Peal

Pealed

Pealing

Pean

Peanism

Pear

Pearch

Pearl

Pearl

Pearl

Pearlash

Pearled

Pearl-Eyed

Pearl-Sinter

Pearl-Spar

Pearl-Stone

Pearl-Wort

Pearly

Pearmain

Pear-Tree

Peasant

Peasant

Peasantlike

Peasantry

Peas-Cod

Peastone

Pease

Peat

Peat

Peat-Moss

Pebble

Pebble-Crystal

Pebbled

Pebbly

Pecary

Peccability

Peccable

Peccadillo

Peccancy

Peccant

Peccant

Peccavi

Pechblend

Peck

Peck

Pecked

Pecker

Pecking

Peckled

Pectinal

Pectinal

Pectinate

Pectination

Pectinite

Pectoral

Pectoral

Peculate

Peclation

Peculator

Peculiar

Peculiar

Peculiarity

Peculiarize

Peculiarly

Peculiarness

Pecuniary

Pecunious

Ped

Pedagogic

Pedagogism

Pedagogue

Pedagogue

Pedagogy

Pedal

Pedal

Pedal-Note

Pedaneous

Pedant

Pedantic

Pedantically

Pedantize

Pedantry

Pedarian

Pedate

Pedatifid

Peddle

Peddle

Peddling

Pederast

Pederastic

Pederasty

Pederero

Pedestal

Pedestrial

Pedestrian

Pedestrian

Pedestrious

Pedicel

Pedicellate

Pedicular

Pedigree

Pediluvy

Pediment

Pedler

Pedleress

Pedlery

Pedobaptism

Pedobaptist

Pedometer

Pedometrical

Peduncle

Peduncular

Pedunculate

Pee

Peed

Peek

Peel

Peel

Peel

Peeled

Peeler

Peeling

Peep

Peep

Peeper

Peep-Hole

Peer

Peer

Peerage

Peerdom

Peeress

Peerless

Peerlessly

Peerlessness

Peevish

Peevishly

Peevishness

Peg

Peg

Pegger

Pegm

Pegmatite

Peirastic

Peise

Pekan

Pelage

Pelagian

Pelagian

Pelagian

Pelagianism

Pelf

Pelican

Peliom

Pelisse

Pell

Pellet

Pelleted

Pellicle

Pellitory

Pell-Mell

Pellucid

Pellucidity

Pelt

Pelt

Peltate

Peltately

Pelted

Pelter

Pelting

Pelting

Pelting

Pelt-Monger

Peltry

Pelvimeter

Pelvis

Pen

Pen

Pen

Pen

Penal

Penality

Penalty

Penance

Pence

Pencil

Pencil

Penciled

Penciling

Pencil-Shaped

Pendant

Pendence

Pendency

Pendent

Pending

Pendulosity

Pendulous

Pendulum

Penetrability

Penetrable

Penetrail

Penetrancy

Penetrant

Penetrate

Penetrate

Penetrated

Penetrating

Penetration

Penetrative

Penetrativeness

Penfish

Penguin

Penicil

Peninsula

Peninsular

Peninsulate

Peninsulated

Peninsulating

Penitence

Penitent

Penitent

Penitential

Penitential

Penitentiary

Penitentiary

Penitently

Penknife

Penman

Penmanship

Pennached

Pennant

Pennate

Penned

Penned

Penner

Penniform

Penniless

Penning

Pennon

Penny

Pennypost

Pennyroyal

Pennyweight

Pennywise

Pennyworth

Pensile

Pensileness

Pension

Pension

Pensionary

Pensionary

Pensioned

Pensioner

Pensioning

Pensive

Pensively

Pensiveness

Penstock

Pent

Pentacapsular

Pentachord

Pentacoccous

Pentacoster

Pentacostys

Pentacrinite

Pentacrostic

Pentacrostic

Pentadactyl

Pentagon

Pentagonal

Pentagraph

Pentagraphic

Pentagyn

Pentagynian

Pentahedral

Pentahedron

Pentahexahedral

Pentameter

Pentameter

Pentander

Pentandrian

Pentangular

Pentapetalous

Pentaphyllous

Pentarchy

Pentaspast

Pentaspermous

Pentastich

Pentastyle

Pentateuch

Penteconter

Pentecost

Pentecostal

Pentecostals

Penthouse

Pentice

Pentile

Pentremite

Penult

Penultimate

Penumbra

Penurious

Penuriously

Penuriousness

Penury

Peon

Peony

People

People

Peopled

Peopling

Peoplish

Pepastic

Pepper

Pepper

Pepper-Box

Pepper-Cake

Pepper-Corn

Peppered

Pepper-Gingerbread

Peppergrass

Peppering

Peppermint

Peppermint-Tree

Pepper-Pot

Pepper-Tree

Pepper-Water

Pepper-Wort

Peptic

Per

Peracute

Peradventure

Peragrate

Peragration

Perambulate

Perambulated

Perambulating

Perambulation

Perambulator

Perbisulphate

Percarbureted

Percase

Perceant

Perceivable

Perceivably

Perceivance

Perceive

Perceived

Perceiver

Perceptibility

Perceptible

Perceptibly

Perception

Perceptive

Perceptivity

Perch

Perch

Perch

Perch

Perchance

Perchers

Perchlorate

Perchloric

Percipient

Percipient

Perclose

Percolate

Percolate

Percolated

Percolating

Perclation

Percuss

Percussion

Percutient

Perdifoil

Perdition

Perdu

Perdu

Perdu

Perdulous

Perdurable

Perdurably

Perduration

Perdy

Peregal

Peregrinate

Peregrination

Peregrinator

Peregrine

Perempt

Peremption

Peremptorily

Peremptoriness

Peremptory

Perennial

Perennial

Perennially

Perennity

Pererration

Perfect

Perfect

Perfected

Perfecter

Perfectibility

Perfectible

Perfecting

Perfection

Perfectional

Perfectionate

Perfectionist

Perfective

Perfectively

Perfectly

Perfectness

Perficient

Perfidious

Perfidiously

Perfidiousness

Perfidy

Perflate

Perflation

Perfoliate

Perforate

Perforated

Perforating

Perforation

Perforative

Perforator

Perforce

Perform

Perform

Performable

Performance

Performed

Performer

Performing

Performing

Perfumatory

Perfume

Perfume

Perfumed

Perfumer

Perfumery

Perfuming

Perfunctorily

Perfunctoriness

Perfunctory

Perfuse

Pergola

Perhaps

Perinath

Periapt

Periauger

Pericardium

Pericarp

Pericranium

Periculous

Peridodecahedral

Peridot

Periecian

Perigee

Perigord-Stone

Perigraph

Perigynous

Perihelion

Perihexahedral

Peril

Peril

Perilous

Perilously

Perilousness

Perimeter

Perioctahedral

Period

Period

Periodic

Periodically

Periosteum

Peripatetic

Peripatetic

Peripateticism

Peripheral

Peripheric

Periphery

Periphrase

Periphrase

Periphrase

Periphrasis

Periphrastic

Periphrastically

Periplus

Peripneumonic

Peripneumony

Peripolygonal

Periscian

Perish

Perish

Perishable

Perishableness

Perisperm

Perispheric

Perissological

Perissology

Peristaltic

Peristerion

Peristyle

Perisystole

Perite

Peritoneal

Peritoneum

Periwig

Periwig

Periwinkle

Perjure

Perjure

Perjured

Perjurer

Perjuring

Perjurious

Perjury

Perk

Perk

Perk

Perkin

Perlous

Perlustration

Permagy

Permanence

Permanent

Permanently

Permansion

Permeability

Permeable

Permeant

Permeate

Permeated

Permeating

Permeation

Permiscible

Permissible

Permission

Permissive

Permissively

Permistion

Permit

Permit

Permittance

Permixtion

Permutation

Permute

Permuter

Pernancy

Pernicious

Perniciously

Perniciousness

Pernicity

Pernoctation

Perogue

Peroration

Peroxyd

Peroxydize

Perpend

Perpender

Perpendicle

Perpendicular

Perpendicular

Perpendicularity

Perpendicularly

Perpension

Perpession

Perpetrate

Perpetrated

Perpetrating

Perpetration

Perpetrator

Perpetual

Perpetually

Perpetuate

Perpetuated

Perpetuating

Perpetuation

Perpetuity

Perphosphate

Perplex

Perplex

Perplexed

Perplexedly

Perplexedness

Perplexity

Perquadrisulphate

Perquisite

Perquisited

Perquisition

Perroquet

Perry

Perscrutation

Persecute

Persecuted

Persecuting

Persecution

Persecutor

Perseverance

Perseverant

Persevere

Persevering

Perseveringly

Persiflage

Persimmon

Persist

Persistence

Persistent

Persisting

Persistive

Person

Person

Personable

Personage

Personal

Personal

Personality

Personally

Personate

Personate

Personation

Personator

Personification

Personified

Personify

Personifying

Personize

Perspective

Perspective

Perspectively

Perspicable

Perspicacious

Perspicaciousness

Perspicacity

Perspicacy

Perspicil

Perspicuity

Perspicuous

Perspicuously

Perspicuousness

Perspirability

Perspirable

Perspiration

Perspirative

Perspiratory

Perspire

Perspire

Perstrainge

Persuadable

Persuadably

Persuade

Persuaded

Persuader

Persuading

Persuasibility

Persuasible

Persuasibleness

Persuasion

Persuasive

Persuasively

Persuasiveness

Persuasory

Persulphate

Pert

Pertain

Perterebration

Pertinacious

Pertinaciously

Pertinaciousness

Pertinacy

Pertinence

Pertinent

Pertinently

Pertinentness

Pertingent

Pertly

Pertness

Perturb

Perturbation

Perturbator

Perturbed

Pertuse

Pertusion

Peruke

Peruke-Maker

Perusal

Peruse

Perused

Peruser

Perusing

Peruvian

Pervade

Pervaded

Pervading

Pervasion

Perverse

Perversely

Perverseness

Perversion

Perversity

Perversive

Pervert

Perverted

Perverter

Pervertible

Perverting

Pervestigate

Pervestigation

Pervicacious

Pervicaciously

Pervicaciousness

Pervious

Perviousness

Pesade

Peso

Pessary

Pest

Pester

Pestered

Pesterer

Pestering

Pesterous

Pesthouse

Pestiferous

Pestilence

Pestilent

Pestilential

Pestilently

Pestillation

Pestle

Pet

Pet

Pet

Petal

Petaled

Petaline

Petalism

Petalite

Petaloid

Petal-Shaped

Petard

Petechiae

Petechial

Peter

Peterel

Peterpence

Peterwort

Petiolar

Petiolate

Petiole

Petit

Petit-Maitre

Petition

Petition

Petitionarily

Petitionary

Petitioner

Petitioning

Petitioning

Petitory

Petong

Petrean

Petrescence

Petrescent

Petrifaction

Petrifactive

Petrific

Petrificate

Petrification

Petrified

Petrify

Petrify

Petrifying

Petrol

Petronel

Petrosilex

Petrosilicious

Petrous

Petticoat

Pettifog

Pettifogger

Pettifoggery

Pettiness

Pettish

Pettishly

Pettishness

Pettitoes

Petto

Petty

Pettychaps

Pettycoy

Petulance

Petulant

Petulantly

Petunse

Pew

Pew

Pewet

Pew-Fellow

Pewter

Pewterer

Phaeton

Phagedenic

Phagedenic

Phalangious

Phalangite

Phalanx

Phalarope

Phantasm

Phantastic

Phantom

Pharaon

Pharaonic

Pharisaic

Pharisaicalness

Pharisaism

Pharisean

Pharisee

Pharmaceutic

Pharmaceutically

Pharmaceutics

Pharmacolite

Pharmacologist

Pharmacology

Pharmacopaeia

Pharmacopolist

Pharmacy

Pharos

Pharyngotomy

Phase

Phasel

Phasm

Phassachate

Pheasant

Pheer

Pheese

Phengite

Phenicopter

Phenix

Phenogamian

Phenomenology

Phenomenon

Pheon

Phial

Phial

Philadelphian

Philadelphian

Philanthropic

Philanthropist

Philanthropy

Philippic

Philippize

Phillyrea

Philologer

Philologic

Philologize

Philology

Philomath

Philomathic

Philomathy

Philomel

Philomot

Philomusical

Philopolemic

Philosophate

Philosophation

Philosopheme

Philosopher

Philosophic

Philosophically

Philosophism

Philosophist

Philosophistic

Philosophize

Philosophizing

Philosophy

Philter

Philter

Phiz

Phlebotomist

Phlebotomize

Phlebotomy

Phlegm

Phlegmagogue

Phlegmatic

Phlegmatically

Phlegmon

Phlegmonous

Phleme

Phlogistian

Phlogistic

Phlogisticate

Phlogistication

Phlogiston

Pholadite

Phonics

Phonocamptic

Phonolite

Phonological

Phonology

Phosgene

Phosphate

Phosphite

Phospholite

Phosphor

Phosphorate

Phosphorated

Phosphorating

Phosphoresce

Phosphorescence

Phosphorescent

Phosphorescing

Phosphoric

Phosphorite

Phosphoritic

Phosphorous

Phosphorus

Phosphuret

Phosphureted

Photizite

Photologic

Photology

Photometer

Photometric

Phrase

Phrase

Phraseless

Phraseologic

Phraseology

Phrenetic

Phrenetic

Phrenic

Phrenitis

Phrenology

Phrensy

Phrontistery

Phrygian

Phthisic

Phthisical

Phthisis

Phylacter

Phylactered

Phylacteric

Phyllite

Phyllophorous

Physalite

Physeter

Physianthropy

Physic

Physic

Physical

Physically

Physician

Physico-Logic

Physico-Logical

Physico-Theology

Physics

Physiognomer

Physiognomic

Physiognomics

Physiognomist

Physiognomy

Physiography

Physiologer

Physiologic

Physiologically

Physiologist

Physiology

Physy

Phytivorous

Phytographical

Phytography

Phytolite

Phytologist

Phytology

Piaba

Piacle

Piacular

Pianet

Pianist

Piano-Forte

Piaster

Piazza

Pib-Corn

Pibroch

Pica

Picaroon

Piccadil

Piccage

Pick

Pick

Pick

Pickapack

Pickax

Pickback

Picked

Picked

Pickedness

Pickeer

Picker

Pickerel

Pickerel-Weed

Picket

Picket

Picketed

Picketing

Picking

Picking

Pickle

Pickle

Pickle-Herring

Picklock

Picknick

Pickpocket

Pickpurse

Pickthank

Picktooth

Pico

Picrolite

Picromel

Picrotoxin

Pict

Pictorial

Pictural

Picture

Picture

Pictured

Picturesque

Picturesquely

Picturesqueness

Piddle

Piddler

Pie

Pie

Piebald

Piece

Piece

Piece

Pieced

Pieceless

Piecemeal

Piecemeal

Piecemealed

Piecer

Pied

Piedness

Pieled

Piepoudre

Pier

Pierce

Pierce

Pierceable

Pierced

Piercer

Piercing

Piercingly

Piercingness

Pietism

Pietist

Piety

Piezometer

Pig

Pig

Pigeon

Pigeon-Foot

Pigeon-Hearted

Pigeon-Hole

Pigeon-Holes

Pigeon-Livered

Pigeon-Pea

Piggin

Pigheaded

Pight

Pight

Pightel

Pigmean

Pigment

Pigmy

Pigmy

Pignoration

Pignorative

Pignut

Pigsney

Pigtail

Pigwidgeon

Pike

Piked

Pikeman

Pikestaff

Pikrolite

Pilaster

Pilch

Pilchard

Pile

Pile

Pile

Pile

Pile

Pileate

Pilement

Piler

Piles

Pileworm

Pilewort

Pilfer

Pilfer

Pilfered

Pilferer

Pilfering

Pilfering

Pilferingly

Pil-Garlick

Pilgrim

Pilgrim

Pilgrimage

Pilgrimize

Pill

Pill

Pill

Pillage

Pillage

Pillaged

Pillager

Pillaging

Pillar

Pillared

Piller

Pillery

Pillion

Pilloried

Pillory

Pillory

Pillow

Pillow

Pillow-Bier

Pillowed

Pillowing

Pilose

Pilosity

Pilot

Pilot

Pilotage

Pilot-Fish

Piloting

Piloting

Pilotism

Pilous

Pilser

Pimelite

Piment

Pimento

Pimp

Pimp

Pimpernel

Pimpillo

Pimpinella

Pimping

Pimping

Pimple

Pimpled

Pimplike

Pin

Pin

Pinaster

Pincase

Pincers

Pinch

Pinch

Pinch

Pinchbeck

Pincher

Pinchers

Pinchfist

Pincushion

Pindaric

Pindaric

Pindust

Pine

Pine

Pine

Pine

Pineal

Pine-Apple

Pineful

Pinery

Pin-Fether

Pin-Fethered

Pinfold

Pingle

Pinguid

Pinhole

Pining

Pinion

Pinion

Pinioned

Pinionist

Pinirolo

Pinite

Pink

Pink

Pink

Pink-Eyed

Pink-Needle

Pink-Sterned

Pin-Maker

Pin-Money

Pinnace

Pinnacle

Pinnacle

Pinnacled

Pinnage

Pinnate

Pinnatifid

Pinnatiped

Pinned

Pinner

Pinnite

Pinnock

Pinnulate

Pint

Pintle

Pinules

Pioneer

Pioning

Piony

Pious

Piously

Pip

Pip

Pipe

Pipe

Pipe

Piped

Pipe-Fish

Piper

Piperidge

Piperin

Pipe-Tree

Piping

Pipistrel

Pipkin

Pippin

Piquancy

Piquant

Piquantly

Pique

Pique

Piqued

Piqueer

Piqueerer

Piquet

Piquet

Piquing

Piracy

Pirate

Pirate

Pirate

Pirated

Pirating

Piratical

Piratically

Pirogue

Pirry

Piscary

Piscation

Piscatory

Pisces

Piscine

Piscivorous

Pish

Pish

Pisiform

Pismire

Pisolite

Pisophalt

Piss

Piss

Pissabed

Pissasphalt

Pissburnt

Pist

Pistachio

Pistacite

Pistareen

Pistil

Pistillaceous

Pistillate

Pistillation

Pistilliferous

Pistol

Pistol

Pistole

Pistolet

Piston

Pit

Pit

Pitahaya

Pitapat

Pitapat

Pitch

Pitch

Pitch

Pitch

Pitched

Pitcher

Pitch-Farthing

Pitchfork

Pitchiness

Pitching

Pitching

Pitch-Ore

Pitchpipe

Pitch-Stone

Pitchy

Pitcoal

Piteous

Piteously

Piteousness

Pitfall

Pitfall

Pit-Fish

Pith

Pithily

Pithiness

Pithless

Pithole

Pithy

Pitiable

Pitiableness

Pitied

Pitiful

Pitifully

Pitifulness

Pitiless

Pitilessly

Pitilessness

Pitman

Pit-Saw

Pittance

Pituitary

Pituite

Pituitous

Pity

Pity

Pity

Pivot

Pix

Pizzle

Placability

Placable

Placard

Placate

Place

Place

Placed

Place-Man

Placenta

Placental

Placentation

Placer

Placid

Placidly

Placidness

Placit

Placket

Plagiarism

Plagiarist

Plagiary

Plagiary

Plague

Plague

Plagueful

Plaguily

Plaguy

Plaice

Plaid

Plain

Plain

Plain

Plain

Plain

Plain-Dealing

Plain-Dealing

Plain-Hearted

Plain-Heartedness

Plainly

Plainness

Plain-Song

Plain-Spoken

Plaint

Plaintful

Plaintif

Plaintive

Plaintively

Plaintiveness

Plaintless

Plain-Work

Plait

Plait

Plaited

Plaiter

Plaiting

Plan

Plan

Planary

Planch

Planched

Plancher

Planchet

Planching

Plane

Plane

Planed

Planet

Planetarium

Planetary

Planeted

Planetical

Plane-Tree

Planet-Struck

Planifolious

Planimetric

Planimetry

Planipetalous

Planish

Planished

Planishing

Planisphere

Plank

Plank

Planned

Planner

Planning

Plano-Conical

Plano-Convex

Plano-Horizontal

Plano-Subulate

Plant

Plant

Plant

Plantable

Plantage

Plantain

Plantain

Plantal

Plantation

Plant-Cane

Planted

Planter

Plantership

Planticle

Planting

Planting

Plant-Louse

Plash

Plash

Plash

Plashing

Plashing

Plashy

Plasm

Plasma

Plasmatic

Plaster

Plaster

Plastered

Plasterer

Plastering

Plastering

Plaster-Stone

Plastic

Plasticity

Plastron

Plat

Plat

Plat

Plat

Plat

Platane

Platband

Plate

Plate

Plated

Platen

Platey

Platform

Platina

Plating

Plating

Platiniferous

Platonic

Platonically

Platonism

Platonist

Platonize

Platonize

Platonized

Platonizing

Platoon

Platter

Platter-Faced

Platting

Platypus

Plaudit

Plausibility

Plausible

Plausibleness

Plausibly

Plausive

Play

Play

Play

Playbill

Playbook

Play-Day

Playdebt

Played

Player

Playfelllow

Playful

Playfully

Playfulness

Playgame

Playhouse

Playmate

Play-Pleasure

Playsome

Playsomeness

Plaything

Playwright

Plea

Pleach

Plead

Plead

Pleadable

Pleaded

Pleader

Pleading

Pleading

Pleadings

Pleasance

Pleasant

Pleasantly

Pleasantness

Pleasantry

Please

Please

Pleased

Pleaseman

Pleaser

Pleasing

Pleasing

Pleasing

Pleasingly

Pleasingness

Pleasurable

Pleasurably

Pleasurableness

Pleasure

Pleasure

Pleasure-Boat

Pleasure-Carriage

Pleasureful

Pleasure-Ground

Pleasurist

Plebeian

Plebeian

Plebeiance

Pledge

Pledge

Pledged

Pledgee

Pledger

Pledgery

Pledget

Pledging

Pleiads

Plenal

Plenarily

Plenariness

Plenarty

Plenary

Plenary

Plenilunary

Plenilune

Plenipotence

Plenipotent

Plenipotentiary

Plenipotentiary

Plenish

Plenist

Plenitude

Plenteous

Plenteously

Plenteousness

Plentiful

Plentifully

Plentifulness

Plenty

Plenty

Plenum

Pleonasm

Pleonaste

Pleonastic

Pleonastically

Plerophory

Plesh

Plethora

Plethoric

Plethory

Plethron

Pleura

Pleurisy

Pleuritic

Plevin

Plexiform

Plexus

Pliability

Pliable

Pliableness

Pliancy

Pliant

Pliantness

Plica

Plicate

Plication

Plicature

Pliers

Pliform

Plight

Plight

Plighted

Plighter

Plighting

Plim

Plinth

Plod

Plodder

Plodding

Plodding

Plot

Plot

Plot

Plot

Plot

Plotted

Plotter

Plotting

Plough

Plover

Plow

Plow

Plow-Alms

Plow-Bote

Plowboy

Plowed

Plower

Plowing

Plowing

Plow-Land

Plowman

Plow-Monday

Plowshare

Pluck

Pluck

Plucked

Plucker

Plucking

Plug

Plug

Plum

Plumage

Plumb

Plumb

Plumb

Plumb

Plumbaginous

Plumbago

Plumbean

Plumbed

Plumber

Plumbery

Plumbiferous

Plumb-Line

Plum-Cake

Plume

Plume

Plume

Plume-Alum

Plumeless

Plumigerous

Plumiped

Plumiped

Plummet

Plumming

Plumose

Plumosity

Plump

Plump

Plump

Plump

Plump

Plumper

Plumply

Plumpness

Plum-Porridge

Plum-Pudding

Plumpy

Plum-Tree

Plumule

Plumy

Plunder

Plunder

Plundered

Plunderer

Plundering

Plunge

Plunge

Plunge

Plunged

Plungeon

Plunger

Plunging

Plungy

Plunket

Plural

Pluralist

Plurality

Plurally

Pluriliteral

Pluriliteral

Plurisy

Plus

Plush

Plusher

Plutonian

Plutonian

Plutonic

Plutonist

Pluvial

Pluvial

Pluviameter

Pluviametrical

Ply

Ply

Ply

Plyer

Plying

Plying

Pneumatic

Pneumatics

Pneumatocele

Pneumatological

Pneumatologist

Pneumatology

Pneumonia

Pneumonic

Pneumonic

Poach

Poach

Poach

Poachard

Poached

Poacher

Poachiness

Poachy

Pock

Pocket

Pocket

Pocket-Book

Pocket-Glass

Pocket-Hole

Pocket-Lid

Pocket-Money

Pock-Hole

Pockiness

Pockwood

Pocky

Poculent

Pod

Pod

Podagric

Podded

Podder

Podge

Poem

Poesy

Poet

Poetaster

Poetess

Poetic

Poetically

Poetics

Poetize

Poet-Laureat

Poet-Musician

Poetress

Poetry

Poignancy

Poignant

Poignantly

Point

Point

Point

Pointal

Pointed

Pointedly

Pointedness

Pointel

Pointer

Pointing

Pointing

Pointing-Stock

Pointless

Poise

Poise

Poised

Poising

Poison

Poison

Poisoned

Poisoner

Poisoning

Poisonous

Poisonously

Poisonousness

Poison-Tree

Poitrel

Poize

Poke

Poke

Poke

Poke

Poke

Poker

Poker

Poking

Poking

Poking-Stick

Polacre

Polar

Polarity

Polarization

Polarize

Polarized

Polarizing

Polary

Pole

Pole

Pole

Pole

Pole-Ax

Polecat

Pole-Davy

Polemarch

Polemic

Polemic

Polemic

Polemoscope

Pole-Star

Poley-Grass

Poley-Mountain

Police

Policed

Police-Officer

Policy

Poling

Poling

Polish

Polish

Polish

Polish

Polishable

Polished

Polisher

Polishing

Polishing

Polite

Politely

Politeness

Politic

Political

Politically

Politicaster

Politician

Politician

Politics

Politize

Politure

Polity

Poll

Poll

Pollard

Pollard

Pollen

Pollenger

Pollenin

Poller

Poll-Evil

Pollicitation

Pollinctor

Polliniferous

Pollock

Pollute

Pollute

Pllluted

Pollutedness

Polluter

Polluting

Pollution

Pollux

Polonaise

Polonese

Polonoise

Polt

Polt-Foot

Polt-Foot

Poltroon

Poltroonery

Polverin

Poly

Poly

Polyacoustic

Polyadelph

Polyadelphian

Polyander

Polyandrian

Polyandry

Polyanth

Polyautography

Polychord

Polychrest

Polychroite

Polycotyledon

Polycotyledonous

Polyedric

Polygam

Polygamian

Polygamist

Polygamous

Polygamy

Polygar

Polygenous

Polyglot

Polyglot

Polygon

Polygonal

Polygonum

Polygram

Polygraph

Polygraphic

Polygraphy

Polygyn

Polygynian

Polygyny

Polyhalite

Polyhedral

Polyhedron

Polylogy

Polymathic

Polymathy

Polymnite

Polymorph

Polymorphous

Polyneme

Polynesia

Polynesian

Polynome

Polynomial

Polyonomous

Polyonomy

Polyoptrum

Polype

Polypetalous

Polyphonic

Polyphonism

Polyphyllous

Polypier

Polypite

Polypode

Polypody

Polypous

Polyscope

Polyspast

Polysperm

Polyspermous

Polysyllabic

Polysyllable

Polysyndeton

Polytechnic

Polytheism

Polytheist

Polytheistic

Pomace

Pomaceous

Pomade

Pomander

Pomatum

Pomatum

Pome

Pome

Pomecitron

Pomegranate

Pomegranate-Tree

Pomeroy

Pome-Water

Pomiferous

Pomme

Pommel

Pommel

Pommeled

Pommelion

Pomp

Pompatic

Pompet

Pompholyx

Pompion

Pompire

Pomposity

Pompous

Pompously

Pompousness

Pom-Water

Pond

Pond

Pond

Ponder

Ponderable

Ponderal

Ponderance

Ponderate

Ponderation

Pondered

Ponderer

Pondering

Ponderingly

Ponderosity

Ponderous

Ponderously

Ponderousness

Pond-Weed

Ponent

Pongo

Poniard

Poniard

Ponk

Pontage

Pontee

Pontic

Pontif

Pontific

Pontifical

Pontifical

Pontificality

Pontifically

Pontificate

Pontifice

Pontificial

Pontifician

Pontifician

Pontine

Pontlevis

Pontoon

Pony

Pood

Pool

Pool

Poop

Poop

Pooping

Poor

Poorjohn

Poorly

Poorly

Poorness

Poor-Spirited

Poor-Spiritedness

Pop

Pop

Pop

Pop

Pope

Popedom

Pope-Joan

Popeling

Popery

Popes-Eye

Popgun

Popinjay

Popish

Popishly

Poplar

Poplin

Popliteal

Poppet

Poppy

Populace

Populacy

Popular

Popularity

Popularize

Popularized

Popularizing

Popularly

Populate

Populate

Populate

Populated

Populating

Population

Populosity

Populous

Populously

Populousness

Porcated

Porcelain

Porcellaneous

Porcellanite

Porch

Porcine

Porcupine

Porcupine-Fish

Pore

Pore

Pore-Blind

Porer

Porgy

Poriness

Porism

Poristic

Porite

Pork

Pork-Eater

Porker

Porket

Porkling

Porosity

Porous

Porousness

Porpess

Porphyritic

Porphyrize

Porphyry

Porphyry-Shell

Porpite

Porraceous

Porrection

Porret

Porridge

Porridge-Pot

Porringer

Port

Port

Portable

Portableness

Portage

Portal

Portance

Portass

Portative

Port-Bar

Port-Crayon

Portcullis

Portcullis

Portcullised

Porte

Ported

Portend

Portended

Portending

Portension

Portent

Portentous

Porter

Porterage

Porterly

Portesse

Port-Fire

Portfolio

Portglave

Portgrave

Port-Hole

Portico

Portion

Portion

Portioned

Portioner

Portioning

Portionist

Portland-Stone

Portlast

Portlid

Portliness

Portly

Port-Man

Portmanteau

Port-Mote

Portoise

Portrait

Portrait

Portraiture

Portray

Portrayed

Portrayer

Portraying

Portress

Portreve

Port-Rope

Porwigle

Pory

Pose

Pose

Pose

Posed

Poser

Posing

Posited

Position

Positional

Positive

Positive

Positively

Positiveness

Positivity

Positure

Posnet

Posological

Posology

Pospolite

Possess

Possessed

Possessing

Possession

Possession

Possessioner

Possessive

Possessor

Possessory

Posset

Posset

Possibility

Possible

Possibly

Post

Post

Post

Post

Post

Postable

Postage

Postboy

Post-Chaise

Postdate

Postdiluvial

Postdiluvian

Post-Disseizin

Post-Disseizor

Postea

Posted

Poster

Posterior

Posteriority

Posteriors

Posterity

Postern

Postern

Post-Existence

Post-Fine

Postfix

Postfix

Postfixed

Postfixing

Post-Hackney

Post-Haste

Post-Haste

Post-Horse

Post-House

Posthume

Posthumous

Posthumously

Postic

Postil

Postil

Postiler

Postillion

Posting

Postliminiar

Postliminium

Postman

Postmark

Postmaster

Postmeridian

Postnate

Post-Note

Post-Office

Post-Paid

Postpone

Postponed

Postponement

Postponence

Postponing

Postposition

Postremote

Postscript

Post-Town

Postulant

Postulate

Postulate

Postulation

Postulatory

Postulatum

Posture

Posture

Posture-Master

Posy

Pot

Pot

Potable

Potable

Potableness

Potage

Potager

Potagro

Potance

Potash

Potassa

Potassium

Potation

Potato

Pot-Bellied

Pot-Belly

Potch

Pot-Companion

Potelot

Potence

Potency

Potent

Potent

Potentacy

Potentate

Potential

Potential

Potentiality

Potentially

Potently

Potentness

Potestative

Potgun

Pot-Hanger

Pothecary

Pother

Pother

Pother

Potherb

Pot-Hook

Potion

Potlid

Pot-Man

Potsherd

Potstone

Pottage

Potted

Potter

Pottern-Ore

Pottery

Potting

Poting

Pottle

Pot-Valiant

Pouch

Pouch

Pouch-Mouthed

Poul-Davis

Poule

Poult

Poulterer

Poultice

Poultice

Poultive

Poultry

Poultry-Yard

Pounce

Pounce

Pounce

Pounce

Pounce-Box

Pounced

Pound

Pound

Pound

Pound

Poundage

Poundbreach

Pounded

Pounder

Pounding

Poupeton

Poupies

Pour

Pour

Poured

Pourer

Pouring

Pourlieu

Pourpresture

Poursuivant

Pourveyance

Pousse

Pout

Pout

Pouting

Poverty

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder-Box

Powder-Cart

Powder-Chest

Powdered

Powder-Flask

Powder-Horn

Powdering

Powdering-Tub

Powder-Mill

Powder-Room

Powdery

Powdike

Power

Powerful

Powerfully

Powerfulness

Powerless

Powldron

Powter

Pox

Poy

Poze

Practic

Practicability

Practicable

Practicably

Practical

Practically

Practicalness

Practice

Practice

Practice

Practiced

Practicer

Practicing

Practisant

Practitioner

Praecognita

Praemunire

Pragmatic

Pragmatically

Pragmaticalness

Pragmatist

Praisable

Praise

Praise

Praised

Praiseful

Praiser

Praiseless

Praiseworthily

Praiseworthiness

Praiseworthy

Praising

Pram

Prance

Prancing

Prancing

Prank

Prank

Prank

Pranked

Pranker

Pranking

Pranking

Prase

Prason

Prate

Prate

Prate

Prater

Pratic

Prating

Pratingly

Prattle

Prattle

Prattlement

Prattler

Prattling

Pravity

Prawn

Praxis

Pray

Pray

Prayer

Prayer-Book

Prayerful

Prayerfully

Prayerless

Prayerlessness

Praying

Prayingly

Pre

Preach

Preach

Preach

Preached

Preacher

Preachership

Preaching

Preaching

Preachman

Preachment

Preacquaintance

Preacquainted

Preadamite

Preadamitic

Preadministration

Preadmonish

Preadmonition

Preamble

Preamble

Preambulary

Preambulate

Preambulation

Preambulatory

Preapprehension

Prease

Preasing

Preaudience

Prebend

Prebendal

Prebendary

Prebendaryship

Precarious

Precariously

Precariousness

Precative

Precaution

Precaution

Precautional

Precautionary

Precedaneous

Precede

Preceded

Precedence

Precedent

Precedent

Precedented

Precedently

Precellence

Precentor

Precept

Preceptial

Preception

Preceptive

Preceptor

Preceptorial

Preceptory

Preceptory

Precession

Precinct

Preciosity

Precious

Preciously

Preciousness

Precipe

Precipice

Precipient

Precipitability

Precipitable

Precipitance

Precipitant

Precipitant

Precipitantly

Precipitate

Precipitate

Precipitate

Precipitate

Precipitated

Precipitately

Precipitating

Precipitation

Precipitator

Precipitous

Precipitously

Precipitousness

Precise

Precisely

Preciseness

Precisian

Precisianism

Precision

Precisive

Preclude

Precluded

Precluding

Preclusion

Preclusive

Preclusively

Precocious

Precociousness

Precogitate

Precogitation

Precognita

Precognition

Precompose

Precomposed

Precomposing

Preconceit

Preconceive

Preconceived

Preconceiving

Preconception

Preconcert

Preconcerted

Preconcerting

Preconization

Preconsign

Preconstitute

Preconstituted

Preconstituting

Precontract

Precontract

Precontract

Precontracted

Precontracting

Precurse

Precursor

Precursory

Precursory

Predaceous

Predal

Predatory

Predecease

Predeceased

Predecessor

Predesign

Predesigned

Predesigning

Predestinarian

Predestinate

Predestinate

Predestinated

Predestinating

Predestination

Predestinator

Predestine

Predeterminate

Predetermination

Predetermine

Predial

Predicability

Predicable

Predicable

Predicament

Predicamental

Predicant

Predicate

Predicate

Predicate

Predication

Predicatory

Predict

Predicted

Predicting

Prediction

Predictive

Predictor

Predigestion

Predilection

Predisponent

Predispose

Predisposed

Predisposing

Predisposition

Predominance

Predominant

Predominantly

Predominate

Predominate

Predominating

Predomination

Pre-Elect

Pre-Election

Pre-Eminence

Pre-Eminent

Pre-Eminently

Pre-Emption

Preen

Preen

Pre-Engage

Pre-Engaged

Pre-Engagement

Pre-Engaging

Preening

Pre-Establish

Pre-Established

Pre-Establishing

Pre-Establishment

Pre-Examination

Pre-Examine

Pre-Exist

Pre-Existence

Pre-Existent

Pre-Existimation

Pre-Existing

Pre-Expectation

Preface

Preface

Preface

Prefaced

Prefacer

Prefacing

Prefatory

Prefect

Prefectship

Prefer

Preferable

Preferableness

Preferably

Preference

Preferment

Preferred

Preferrer

Preferring

Prefigurate

Prefiguration

Prefigurative

Prefigure

Prefigured

Prefiguring

Prefine

Prefinition

Prefix

Prefix

Prefixed

Prefixing

Prefixion

Preform

Preformative

Prefulgency

Pregnable

Pregnancy

Pregnant

Pregnantly

Pregravate

Pregravitate

Pregustation

Prehensile

Prehension

Prehnite

Preinstruct

Preinstructed

Preinstructing

Preintimation

Prejudge

Prejudged

Prejudging

Prejudgment

Prejudicacy

Prejudicate

Prejudicate

Prejudicate

Prejudicated

Prejudicating

Prejudication

Prejudicative

Prejudice

Prejudice

Prejudiced

Prejudicial

Prejudicialness

Prelacy

Prelate

Prelateship

Prelatic

Prelatically

Prelation

Prelatism

Prelatist

Prelature

Prelaty

Prelect

Prelection

Prelector

Prelibation

Preliminary

Preliminary

Prelude

Prelude

Prelude

Preluded

Preluder

Preluding

Preludious

Preludium

Prelusive

Prelusory

Premature

Prematurely

Prematureness

Premeditate

Premeditate

Premeditate

Premeditated

Premeditately

Premeditating

Premeditation

Premerit

Premices

Premier

Premier

Premiership

Premise

Premise

Premise

Premises

Premiss

Premium

Premonish

Premonished

Premonishing

Premonishment

Premonition

Premonitory

Premonstrants

Premonstrate

Premonstration

Premorse

Premotion

Premunire

Premunition

Prenomen

Prenominate

Prenominate

Prenomination

Prenotion

Prensation

Prentice

Prenticeship

Prenunciation

Preobtain

Preobtained

Preoccupancy

Preoccupate

Preoccupation

Preoccupy

Preominate

Preopinion

Preoption

Preordain

Preordained

Preordaining

Preordinance

Preordinate

Preordination

Preparable

Preparation

Preparative

Preparative

Preparatively

Preparatory

Prepare

Prepare

Prepare

Prepared

Preparedly

Preparedness

Preparer

Preparing

Prepense

Prepense

Prepense

Prepensed

Prepollence

Prepollent

Preponder

Preponderance

Preponderant

Preponderate

Preponderate

Preponderating

Preponderation

Prepose

Preposition

Prepositional

Prepositive

Prepositive

Prepositor

Prepositure

Prepossess

Prepossessed

Prepossessing

Prepossession

Preposterous

Preposterously

Preposterousness

Prepotency

Prepotent

Prepuce

Preremote

Prerequire

Prerequisite

Prerequisite

Preresolve

Preresolved

Preresolving

Prerogative

Prerogative-Court

Prerogatived

Prerogative-Office

Presage

Presage

Presage

Presaged

Presageful

Presagement

Presager

Presaging

Presbyter

Presbyterial

Presbyterian

Presbyterianism

Presbytery

Prescience

Prescient

Prescind

Prescindent

Prescious

Prescribe

Prescribe

Prescribed

Prescriber

Prescribing

Prescript

Prescript

Prescriptible

Prescription

Prescriptive

Preseance

Presence

Presence-Chamber

Presensation

Presension

Present

Present

Present

Presentable

Presentaneous

Presentation

Presentative

Presented

Presentee

Presenter

Presential

Presentiality

Presentiate

Presentific

Presentificly

Presentiment

Presently

Presentment

Presentness

Preservable

Preservation

Preservative

Preservative

Preservatory

Preservatory

Preserve

Preserve

Preserved

Preserver

Preserving

Preside

Presidency

President

Presidential

Presidentship

Presidial

Presignification

Presignify

Press

Press

Press

Press-Bed

Pressed

Presser

Press-Gang

Pressing

Pressing

Pressingly

Pression

Pressitant

Pressman

Press-Money

Pressure

Prest

Prest

Prest

Prest-Money

Prestation

Prestation-Money

Prester

Prestiges

Prestigiation

Prestigiator

Prestigiatory

Prestigious

Prestimony

Presto

Prestriction

Presumable

Presumably

Presume

Presume

Presumed

Presumer

Presuming

Presumption

Presumptive

Presumptively

Presumptuous

Presumptuously

Presumptuousness

Presupposal

Presuppose

Presupposed

Presupposing

Presupposition

Presurmise

Pretend

Pretend

Pretended

Pretendedly

Pretender

Pretendership

Pretending

Pretendingly

Pretense

Pretensed

Pretension

Pretentative

Preter

Preterimperfect

Preterit

Preterition

Preteritness

Preterlapsed

Preterlegal

Pretermission

Pretermit

Preternatural

Preternaturality

Preternaturally

Preternaturalness

Preterperfect

Preterpluperfect

Pretex

Pretext

Pretor

Pretorial

Pretorian

Pretorship

Prettily

Prettiness

Pretty

Pretty

Pretypified

Pretypify

Pretypifying

Prevail

Prevailing

Prevailment

Prevalence

Prevalent

Prevalently

Prevaricate

Prevaricate

Prevarication

Prevaricator

Prevene

Prevenient

Prevent

Prevent

Preventable

Prevented

Preventer

Preventing

Preventingly

Prevention

Preventional

Preventive

Preventive

Preventively

Previous

Previously

Previousness

Prevision

Prewarn

Prey

Prey

Preyer

Preying

Price

Price

Priceless

Prick

Prick

Prick

Pricked

Pricker

Pricket

Pricking

Pricking

Prickle

Prickle-Back

Prickliness

Pricklouse

Prickly

Prickmadam

Prickpunch

Pricksong

Prickwood

Pride

Pride

Prideful

Prideless

Priding

Pridingly

Prie

Prie

Prief

Prier

Priest

Priestcraft

Priestess

Priesthood

Priestlike

Priestliness

Priestly

Priestridden

Prieve

Prig

Prig

Prig

Prill

Prim

Prim

Primacy

Primage

Primal

Primarily

Primariness

Primary

Primate

Primateship

Primatial

Primatical

Prime

Prime

Prime

Prime

Primed

Primely

Primeness

Primer

Primer

Primer-Fine

Primero

Primer-Seizin

Primeval

Primevous

Primigenial

Primigenous

Priming

Priming

Priming-Wire

Primipilar

Primitial

Primitive

Primitive

Primitively

Primitiveness

Primity

Primness

Primogenial

Primogenitor

Primogeniture

Primogenitureship

Primordial

Primordial

Primordian

Primordiate

Primp

Primrose

Primy

Prince

Prince

Princedom

Princelike

Princeliness

Princely

Princely

Princes-Fether

Prin Cess

Principal

Principal

Principality

Principally

Principalness

Principate

Principia

Principiation

Principle

Principle

Principled

Princock

Prink

Print

Print

Print

Printed

Printer

Printing

Printing

Printing-Ink

Printing-Paper

Printing-Press

Printless

Prior

Prior

Priorate

Prioress

Priority

Priorly

Priorship

Priory

Prisage

Priscillianist

Prism

Prismatic

Prismatically

Prismatoidal

Prismoid

Prismy

Prison

Prison

Prison-Base

Prisoned

Prisoner

Prison-House

Prisoning

Prisonment

Pristine

Prithee

Privacy

Privado

Private

Private

Privateer

Privateer

Privately

Privateness

Privation

Privative

Privative

Privatively

Privativeness

Privet

Privilege

Privilege

Privileged

Privileging

Privily

Privity

Privy

Privy

Privy-Counselor

Privy-Seal

Prize

Prize

Prized

Prize-Fighter

Prizer

Prizing

Pro

Proa

Probability

Probable

Probably

Probang

Probate

Probation

Probational

Probationary

Probationer

Probationership

Probationship

Probative

Probator

Probatory

Probe

Probe

Probe-Scissors

Probity

Problem

Problematical

Problematically

Problematize

Proboscis

Procacious

Procacity

Procatarctic

Procatarxis

Procedure

Proceed

Proceeder

Proceeding

Proceeding

Proceeds

Proceleusmatic

Proception

Procerity

Process

Procession

Processional

Processional

Processionary

Prochein

Prochronism

Procidence

Prociduous

Procinct

Proclaim

Proclaimed

Proclaimer

Proclaiming

Proclamation

Proclive

Proclivity

Proclivous

Proconsul

Proconsular

Proconsulship

Procrastinate

Procrastinate

Procrastinated

Procrastinating

Procrastination

Procrastinator

Procreant

Procreate

Procreated

Procreating

Procreation

Procreative

Procreativeness

Procreator

Proctor

Proctor

Proctorage

Proctorical

Proctorship

Procumbent

Procurable

Procuracy

Procuration

Procurator

Procuratorial

Procuratorship

Procuratory

Procure

Procure

Procured

Procurement

Procurer

Procuress

Procuring

Prodigal

Prodigal

Prodigality

Prodigalize

Prodigally

Prodigious

Prodigiously

Prodigiousness

Prodigy

Prodition

Proditor

Proditorious

Proditory

Prodrome

Produce

Produce

Produced

Producement

Producent

Producer

Producibility

Producible

Producibleness

Producing

Product

Productile

Production

Productive

Productiveness

Proem

Proem

Proemial

Proemptosis

Profanation

Profane

Profane

Profaned

Profanely

Profaneness

Profaner

Profaning

Profanity

Profection

Profert

Profess

Profess

Professed

Professedly

Professing

Profession

Professional

Professionally

Professor

Professorial

Professorship

Professory

Proffer

Proffer

Proffered

Profferer

Proffering

Proficience

Proficient

Proficuous

Profile

Profile

Profiled

Profiling

Profit

Profit

Profit

Profitable

Profitableness

Profitably

Profited

Profiting

Profiting

Profitless

Profligacy

Profligate

Profligate

Profligate

Profligately

Profligateness

Profligation

Profluence

Profluent

Profound

Profound

Profound

Profoundly

Profoundness

Profundity

Profuse

Profuse

Profusely

Profuseness

Profusion

Prog

Prog

Prog

Progenerate

Progeneration

Progenitor

Progeniture

Progeny

Prognosis

Prognostic

Prognostic

Prognosticable

Prognosticate

Prognosticated

Prognosticating

Prognostication

Prognosticator

Programma

Progress

Progress

Progression

Progressional

Progressive

Progressively

Progressiveness

Prohibit

Prohibited

Prohibiter

Prohibiting

Prohibition

Prohibitive

Proin

Proin

Project

Project

Project

Projected

Projectile

Projectile

Projecting

Projection

Projectment

Projector

Projecture

Prolapse

Prolapse

Prolapsion

Prolate

Prolate

Prolation

Prolegomena

Prolepsis

Proleptic

Proleptically

Proletarian

Proletary

Proliferous

Prolific

Prolificacy

Prolifically

Prolification

Prolificness

Prolix

Prolixity

Prolixly

Prolocutor

Prolocutorship

Prologize

Prologue

Prologue

Prolong

Prolongate

Prolongated

Prolongating

Prolongation

Prolonged

Prolonger

Prolonging

Prolusion

Promenade

Promerit

Promethean

Prominence

Prominent

Prominently

Promiscuous

Promiscuously

Promiscuousness

Promise

Promise

Promise

Promise-Breach

Promise-Breaker

Promised

Promisee

Promiser

Promising

Promissorily

Promissory

Promontory

Promote

Promoted

Promoter

Promoting

Promotion

Promotive

Promove

Prompt

Prompt

Prompted

Prompter

Prompting

Promptitude

Promptly

Promptness

Promptuary

Prompture

Promulgate

Promulgated

Promulgating

Promulgation

Promulgator

Promulge

Promulged

Promulger

Promulging

Pronation

Pronator

Prone

Proneness

Prong

Pronghoe

Pronity

Pronominal

Pronoun

Pronounce

Pronounce

Pronounceable

Pronounced

Pronouncer

Pronouncing

Pronunciation

Pronunciative

Proof

Proofless

Prop

Prop

Propagable

Propagandism

Propagandist

Propagate

Propagate

Propagated

Propagating

Propagation

Propagator

Propel

Propelled

Propelling

Propend

Propendency

Propending

Propense

Propension

Proper

Properly

Properness

Property

Property

Prophane

Prophasis

Prophecy

Prophesied

Prophesier

Prophesy

Prophesy

Prophesying

Prophesying

Prophet

Prophetess

Prophetic

Prophetically

Prophetize

Prophylactic

Prophylactic

Propination

Propine

Propinquity

Propitiable

Propitiate

Propitiated

Propitiating

Propitiation

Propitiator

Propitiatory

Propitiatory

Propitious

Propitiously

Propitiousness

Proplasm

Proplastice

Propolis

Proponent

Proportion

Proportion

Proportionable

Proportionably

Proportional

Proportionality

Proportionally

Proportionate

Proportionate

Proportionately

Proportionateness

Proportioned

Proportioning

Proportionless

Proposal

Propose

Propose

Proposed

Proposer

Proposing

Proposition

Propositional

Propound

Propounded

Propounder

Propounding

Propped

Propping

Proprefect

Propretor

Proprietary

Proprietary

Proprietor

Proprietress

Propriety

Propt

Propugn

Propugnacle

Propugnation

Propugner

Propulsation

Propulse

Propulsion

Prore

Prorogation

Prorogue

Proruption

Prosaic

Prosal

Proscribe

Proscribed

Proscriber

Proscribing

Proscription

Proscriptive

Prose

Prose

Prosecute

Prosecuted

Prosecuting

Prosecution

Prosecutor

Proselyte

Proselyte

Proselytism

Proselytize

Prosemination

Prosenneahedral

Proser

Prosodial

Prosodian

Prosodist

Prosody

Prosopolepsy

Prosopopeia

Prospect

Prospection

Prospective

Prospectively

Prospectus

Prosper

Prosper

Prospered

Prospering

Prosperity

Prosperous

Prosperously

Prosperousness

Prospicience

Prostate

Prosternation

Prosthesis

Prosthetic

Prostitute

Prostitute

Prostitute

Prostituted

Prostituting

Prostitution

Prostitutor

Prostrate

Prostrate

Prostrated

Prostrating

Prostration

Prostyle

Prosyllogism

Protasis

Protatic

Protean

Protect

Protected

Protecting

Protection

Protective

Protector

Protectorate

Protectorship

Protectress

Protend

Protended

Protending

Protense

Protervity

Protest

Protest

Protest

Protestant

Protestant

Protestantism

Protestantly

Protestation

Protested

Protester

Protesting

Proteus

Prothonotariship

Prothonotary

Protocol

Protocolist

Protomartyr

Protoplast

Protoplastic

Protopope

Protosulphate

Prototype

Protoxyd

Protoxydize

Protract

Protract

Protracted

Protracter

Protracting

Protraction

Protractive

Protractor

Protreptical

Protrude

Protrude

Protruded

Protruding

Protrusion

Protrusive

Protuberance

Protuberant

Protuberate

Protuberation

Protuberous

Proud

Proudly

Provable

Provably

Provand

Prove

Prove

Proved

Proveditor

Provencial

Provender

Prover

Proverb

Proverb

Proverbial

Proverbialist

Proverbialize

Proverbially

Provide

Provide

Provided

Providence

Provident

Providential

Providentially

Providently

Provider

Province

Provincial

Provincial

Provincialism

Provinciality

Provinciate

Provine

Proving

Provision

Provision

Provisional

Provisionally

Provisionary

Proviso

Provisor

Provisory

Provocation

Provocative

Provocative

Provocativeness

Provoke

Provoke

Provoked

Provoker

Provoking

Provokingly

Provost

Provostship

Prow

Prow

Prowess

Prowest

Prowl

Prowl

Prowl

Prowler

Prowling

Proximal

Proximate

Proximately

Proxime

Proximity

Proxy

Proxyship

Pruce

Prude

Prudence

Prudent

Prudential

Prudentiality

Prudentially

Prudentials

Prudently

Prudery

Prudish

Prune

Prune

Prune

Pruned

Prunel

Prunello

Prunello

Pruner

Pruniferous

Pruning

Pruning

Pruning-Hook

Prurience

Prurient

Pruriginous

Prussian

Prussiate

Prussic

Pry

Pry

Pry

Prying

Pryingly

Prytane

Psalm

Psalmist

Psalmody

Psalmographer

Psalmography

Psalter

Psaltery

Psammite

Pseudo

Pseudo-Apostle

Pseudo-China

Pseudo-Galena

Pseudograph

Pseudology

Pseudo-Metallic

Pseudomorphous

Pseudo-Tinea

Pseudo-Volcanic

Pseudo-Volcano

Pshaw

Psoas

Psora

Psychologic

Psychology

Ptarmigan

Ptisan

Ptolemaic

Ptyalism

Ptysmagogue

Puberty

Pubes

Pubescence

Pubescent

Public

Public

Publican

Publication

Public-Hearted

Publicist

Publicity

Publicly

Public-Minded

Public-Mindedness

Publicness

Public-Spirited

Public-Spiritedness

Publish

Published

Publisher

Publishing

Publishment

Puccoon

Puce

Pucelage

Puceron

Puck

Puck-Ball

Pucker

Pucker

Puckered

Puckering

Pudder

Pudder

Pudder

Pudding

Pudding

Pudding-Grass

Pudding-Gross

Pudding-Pie

Pudding Pipe-Tree

Pudding-Sleeve

Pudding-Stone

Pudding-Time

Puddle

Puddle

Puddled

Puddling

Puddly

Puddock

Pudency

Pudenda

Pudic

Pudicity

Pue-Fellow

Puerile

Puerility

Puerperal

Puerperous

Puet

Puff

Puff

Puff

Puff-Ball

Puffed

Puffer

Puffin

Puffin-Apple

Puffing

Puffingly

Puffy

Pug

Puggered

Pugh

Pugil

Pugilism

Pugilist

Pugilistic

Pugnacious

Pugnacity

Puisne

Puissance

Puissant

Puissantly

Puke

Puke

Puke

Puked

Puker

Puking

Pulchritude

Pule

Pulic

Pulicose

Puling

Puling

Pulingly

Puliol

Pulkha

Pull

Pull

Pullback

Pulled

Pullen

Puller

Pullet

Pulley

Pullicat

Pulling

Pullulate

Pullulation

Pulmonary

Pulmonary

Pulmonic

Pulmonic

Pulp

Pulp

Pulpit

Pulpit-Eloquence

Pulpit-Orator

Pulpous

Pulpousness

Pulpy

Pulsate

Pulsatile

Pulsation

Pulsative

Pulsator

Pulsatory

Pulse

Pulse

Pulse

Pulse

Pulsific

Pulsion

Pultaceous

Pulverable

Pulverate

Pulverin

Pulverization

Pulverize

Pulverized

Pulverizing

Pulverous

Pulverulence

Pulverulent

Pulvil

Pulvil

Puma

Pumice

Pumice-Stone

Pumiceous

Pummel

Pump

Pump

Pump

Pump-Bolts

Pump-Brake

Pump-Dale

Pumper

Pump-Gear

Pump-Hood

Pumpion

Pumpkin

Pump-Spear

Pun

Pun

Pun

Punch

Punch

Punch

Punch

Punch

Punchbowl

Punched

Puncheon

Puncher

Punchinello

Punching

Punchy

Punctate

Punctiform

Punctilio

Punctilious

Punctiliously

Punctiliousness

Puncto

Punctual

Punctualist

Punctuality

Punctually

Punctualness

Punctuate

Punctuated

Punctuating

Punctuation

Punctulate

Puncture

Puncture

Punctured

Puncturing

Pundit

Pundle

Pungar

Pungency

Pungent

Punic

Punic

Punice

Puniceous

Puniness

Punish

Punishable

Punishableness

Punished

Punisher

Punishing

Punishment

Punition

Punitive

Punitory

Punk

Punner

Punning

Punning

Punster

Punt

Punt

Punter

Puny

Puny

Pup

Pup

Pupa

Pupil

Pupil

Pupilage

Pupilary

Pupivorous

Puppet

Puppetman

Puppet-Player

Puppetry

Puppet-Show

Puppy

Puppy

Puppyism

Pur

Pur

Pur

Purana

Puranic

Purbeck-Stone

Purblind

Purblindness

Purchasable

Purchase

Purchase

Purchase

Purchased

Purchase-Money

Purchaser

Purchasing

Pure

Pure

Purely

Pureness

Purfile

Purfle

Purfle

Purgament

Purgation

Purgative

Purgative

Purgatorial

Purgatory

Purgatory

Purge

Purge

Purge

Purged

Purger

Purging

Purging

Purification

Purificative

Purifier

Puriform

Purify

Purify

Purifying

Purifying

Purim

Purist

Puritan

Puritan

Puritanic

Puritanism

Puritanize

Purity

Purl

Purl

Purl

Purl

Purl

Purl

Purlieu

Purlin

Purling

Purling

Purloin

Purloined

Purloiner

Purloining

Purloining

Purparty

Purple

Purple

Purple

Purples

Purplish

Purport

Purport

Purported

Purporting

Purpose

Purpose

Purposed

Purposeless

Purposely

Purpresture

Purprise

Purpurate

Purpure

Purpuric

Purr

Purr

Purre

Purring

Purse

Purse

Pursed

Pursenet

Purse-Pride

Purse-Proud

Purser

Pursiness

Purslain

Purslain-Tree

Pursuable

Pursuance

Pursuant

Pursue

Pursue

Pursued

Pursuer

Pursuing

Pursuit

Pursuivant

Pursy

Purtenance

Purulence

Purulent

Purvey

Purvey

Purveyance

Purveyor

Purview

Pus

Push

Push

Push

Pushed

Pusher

Pushing

Pushpin

Pusillanimity

Pusillanimous

Pusillanimously

Pusillanimousness

Puss

Pussiness

Pussy

Pustulate

Pustule

Pustulous

Put

Pu

Put

Put

Put

Putage

Putanism

Putative

Putid

Putidness

Putlog

Put-Off

Putredinous

Putrefaction

Putrefactive

Putrefied

Putrefy

Putrefy

Putrescence

Putrescent

Putrescible

Putrid

Putridness

Putry

Putter

Putter-on

Putting

Putting-Stone

Puttoc

Putty

Puzzle

Puzzle

Puzzle

Puzzled

Puzzle-Headed

Puzzler

Puzzling

Puzzolan

Pycnite

Pycnostyle

Pye

Pye

Pygarg

Pygmean

Pygmy

Pylagore

Pyloric

Pylorus

Pyracanth

Pyrallolite

Pyramid

Pyramidal

Pyramidical

Pyramidically

Pyramidoid

Pyramis

Pyre

Pyrenite

Pyretology

Pyrgom

Pyriform

Pyritaceous

Pyrite

Pyritic

Pyritiferous

Pyritize

Pyritology

Pyrogom

Pyrolatry

Pyroligneous

Pyrolignite

Pyrolithic

Pyrologist

Pyrology

Pyromalate

Pyromalic

Pyromancy

Pyromantic

Pyromantic

Pyrometer

Pyromucite

Pyromucous

Pyrope

Pyrophane

Pyrophanous

Pyrophorous

Pyrophorus

Pyrophysalite

Pyrorthite

Pyroscope

Pyrosmalite

Pyrotartaric

Pyrotartrite

Pyrotechnic

Pyrotechnics

Pyrotechnist

Pyrotic

Pyrotic

Pyroxene

Pyroxenic

Pyrrhic

Pyrrhonic

Pyrrhonism

Pyrrhonist

Pythagorean

Pythagorean

Pythagorism

Pythian

Pythoness

Pythonic

Pythonist

Pyx

Q

Q

Quab

Quachilto

Quack

Quack

Quackery

Quackish

Quackism

Quackled

Quacksalver

Quad

Quadragene

Quadragesima

Quadragesimal

Quadragesimals

Quadrangle

Quadrangular

Quadrant

Quadrantal

Quadrantal

Quadrat

Quadrate

Quadrate

Quadrate

Quadratic

Quadratrix

Quadrature

Quadrel

Quadrennial

Quadrennially

Quadrible

Quadricapsular

Quadridecimal

Quadridentate

Quadrifid

Quadrijugous

Quadrilateral

Quadrilateral

Quadrilateralness

Quadriliteral

Quadrille

Quadrilobate

Quadrilocular

Quadrin

Quadrinomial

Quadripartite

Quadripartitely

Quadripartition

Quadriphyllous

Quadrireme

Quadrisyllable

Quadrivalve

Quadrivalves

Quadrivial

Quadroon

Quadruman

Quadrumanous

Quadrune

Quadruped

Quadruped

Quadruple

Quadruple

Quadruplicate

Quadruplicate

Quadruplication

Quadruply

Quaere

Quaestor

Quaff

Quaff

Quaffed

Quaffer

Quaffer

Quaffing

Quaggy

Quagmire

Quahaug

Quaid

Quail

Quail

Quail

Quail

Quailing

Quailing

Quail-Pipe

Quaint

Quaintly

Quaintness

Quake

Quake

Quake

Quaker

Quakerism

Quakerly

Quakery

Quaking

Quaking

Quaking-Grass

Qualifiable

Qualification

Qualified

Qualifiedness

Qualifier

Qualify

Qualifying

Quality

Qualm

Qualmish

Qualmishness

Quamoclit

Quandary

Quandary

Quantitative

Quantitive

Quantity

Quantum

Quarantine

Quarantine

Quarantined

Quarantining

Quarre

Quarrel

Quarrel

Quarrel

Quarrel

Quarreler

Quarreling

Quarreling

Quarrelous

Quarrelsome

Quarrelsomely

Quarrelsomeness

Quarried

Quarry

Quarry

Quarry

Quarry

Quarrying

Quarryman

Quart

Quartan

Quartan

Quartation

Quarter

Quarter

Quarter

Quarterage

Quarter-Day

Quartered

Quartering

Quartering

Quarterly

Quarterly

Quartern

Quartile

Quarto

Quarto

Quartz

Quartzy

Quas

Quash

Quash

Quash

Quashed

Quashing

Quassation

Quassia

Quat

Quater-Cousins

Quatern

Quaternary

Quaternary

Quaternion

Quaternion

Quaternity

Quatrain

Quave

Quavemire

Quaver

Quaver

Quavered

Quaverer

Quavering

Quavering

Quay

Quay

Queach

Queach

Queachy

Quean

Queasiness

Queasy

Queck

Queen

Queen

Queen-Apple

Queen-Dowager

Queen-Gold

Queening

Queenlike

Queenly

Queer

Queerly

Queerness

Queest

Queint

Quell

Quell

Quell

Quelled

Queller

Quelling

Quelque-Chose

Queme

Quench

Quench

Quenchable

Quenched

Quencher

Quenching

Quenchless

Quercitron

Querele

Querent

Querent

Querimonious

Querimoniously

Querimoniousness

Querist

Querk

Querkened

Querl

Quern

Querpo

Querquedule

Querry

Querulous

Querulously

Querulousness

Query

Query

Query

Quest

Quest

Quest

Questant

Question

Question

Question

Questionable

Questionableness

Questionary

Questioned

Questioner

Questioning

Questionist

Questionless

Questman

Questor

Questorship

Questrist

Questuary

Questuary

Queue

Quib

Quibble

Quibble

Quibbler

Quick

Quick

Quick

Quick

Quick

Quick

Quick-Beam

Quicken

Quicken

Quickened

Quickener

Quickening

Quick-Eyed

Quick-Grass

Quicklime

Quickly

Quick-Match

Quickness

Quicksand

Quickscented

Quickset

Quickset

Quicksighted

Quicksightedness

Quicksilver

Quicksilvered

Quick-Witted

Quid

Quidam

Quiddany

Quiddative

Quiddit

Quiddity

Quidnunc

Quiesce

Quiescence

Quiescent

Quiescent

Quiet

Quiet

Quiet

Quieted

Quieter

Quieting

Quietism

Quietist

Quietly

Quietness

Quietsome

Quietude

Quietus

Quill

Quill

Quillet

Quilt

Quilt

Quilted

Quilting

Quilting

Quinary

Quinate

Quince

Quince

Quinch

Quincuncial

Quincunx

Quindecagon

Quindecemvir

Quindecemvirate

Quinia

Quinquagesima

Quinquangular

Quinquarticular

Quinquecapsular

Quinquedentate

Quinquefarious

Quinquefid

Quinquefoliated

Quinqueliteral

Quinquelobate

Quinquelocular

Quinquennial

Quinquepartite

Quinquereme

Quinquevalve

Quinquevir

Quinsy

Quint

Quintain

Quintal

Quintessence

Quintessential

Quintile

Quintin

Quintuple

Quip

Quip

Quip

Quire

Quire

Quire

Quirister

Quiritation

Quirk

Quirkish

Quirpele

Quit

Quit

Quitch-Grass

Quitclaim

Quitclaim

Quitclaimed

Quitclaiming

Quite

Quit-Rent

Quits

Quittal

Quittance

Quittance

Quitted

Quitter

Quitter-Bone

Quiver

Quiver

Quiver

Quivered

Quivering

Quivering

Quixotic

Quixotism

Quiz

Quiz

Quob

Quodlibet

Quodlibetarian

Quodlibetical

Quodlibetically

Quoif

Quoif

Quoiffure

Quoil

Quoin

Quoit

Quoit

Quoit

Quoll

Quondam

Quook

Quorum

Quota

Quotation

Quote

Quote

Quoted

Quoter

Quoth

Quotidian

Quotidian

Quotient

R

R

Ra

Rabate

Rabato

Rabbet

Rabbet

Rabbeted

Rabbeting

Rabbet-Plane

Rabbi

Rabbinic

Rabbinic

Rabbinism

Rabbinist

Rabbinite

Rabbit

Rabble

Rabble-Charming

Rabblement

Rabdology

Rabid

Rabidness

Rabinet

Raca

Race

Race

Race

Race-Ginger

Race-Horse

Racemation

Raceme

Racemiferous

Racemous

Racer

Rach

Raciness

Rack

Rack

Rack

Rack

Rack

Rack

Rack

Racked

Racker

Racket

Racket

Racket

Racket

Rackety

Racking

Racking

Racking-Pace

Rack-Rent

Rack-Rented

Rack-Renter

Racoon

Racy

Rad

Rad

Raddle

Raddle

Raddock

Radial

Radiance

Radiant

Radiant

Radiantly

Radiate

Radiate

Radiate

Radiated

Radiating

Radiation

Radical

Radical

Radicality

Radically

Radicalness

Radicant

Radicate

Radicate

Radication

Radicle

Radiometer

Radish

Radius

Radix

Raff

Raff

Raffle

Raffle

Raffler

Raffling

Raft

Raft

Rafter

Raftered

Rafty

Rag

Rag

Ragamuffin

Rag-Bolt

Rage

Rage

Rageful

Ragery

Ragg

Ragged

Raggedness

Raging

Raging

Ragingly

Ragman

Ragmans-Roll

Ragoo

Ragstone

Ragwort

Rail

Rail

Rail

Rail

Rail

Rail-Bird

Railer

Railing

Railing

Railing

Railing

Railingly

Raillery

Railleur

Raiment

Rain

Rain

Rain

Rainbat

Rainbow

Rain-Deer

Raininess

Rain-Water

Rainy

Raise

Raised

Raiser

Raisin

Raising

Raising

Rajah

Rajahship

Rake

Rake

Rake

Rake

Rake

Raked

Rakehell

Rakehelly

Raker

Rakeshame

Raking

Raking

Rakish

Rakishness

Rally

Rally

Rally

Rally

Ram

Ram

Ramadan

Ramage

Ramble

Ramble

Rambler

Rambling

Rambling

Rambooze

Ramekin

Raments

Rameous

Ramification

Ramified

Ramify

Ramify

Ramifying

Ramish

Ramishness

Rammed

Rammer

Ramming

Ramoon

Ramous

Ramp

Ramp

Rampallian

Rampancy

Rampant

Rampart

Rampart

Rampion

Rampire

Ramsons

Ran

Rancescent

Ranch

Rancid

Rancidity

Rancor

Rancorous

Rancorously

Rand

Random

Random

Random-Shot

Randy

Rane

Ranforce

Rang

Range

Range

Range

Ranged

Ranger

Rangership

Ranging

Ranging

Rank

Rank

Rank

Rank

Ranked

Ranker

Ranking

Rankle

Rankly

Rankness

Ranny

Ransack

Ransacked

Ransacking

Ransom

Ransom

Ransomed

Ransomer

Ransoming

Ransomless

Rant

Rant

Ranter

Ranting

Rantipole

Rantipole

Rantism

Ranty

Ranula

Ranunculus

Rap

Rap

Rap

Rap

Rapacious

Rapaciously

Rapaciousness

Rapacity

Rape

Rape

Raperoot

Rapeseed

Rapid

Rapidity

Rapidly

Rapidness

Rapids

Rapier

Rapier-Fish

Rapil

Rapine

Rapine

Rapparee

Rappee

Rapper

Rapport

Rapt

Rapt

Rapt

Rapter

Rapture

Raptured

Rapturist

Rapturous

Rare

Rareeshow

Rarefaction

Rarefiable

Rarefy

Rarefy

Rarefying

Rarely

Rareness

Rareripe

Rareripe

Rarity

Rascal

Rascal

Rascalion

Rascality

Rascally

Rase

Rase

Rash

Rash

Rash

Rash

Rasher

Rashly

Rashness

Rasp

Rasp

Raspatory

Raspberry

Raspberry-Bush

Rasure

Rat

Ratable

Ratably

Ratafia

Ratan

Rat-Catcher

Ratch

Ratchet

Ratchil

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rate

Rated

Rater

Rath

Rath

Rather

Rathoffite

Ratification

Ratified

Ratifier

Ratify

Ratifying

Rating

Ratio

Ratiocinate

Ratiocination

Ratiocinative

Ration

Rational

Rational

Rationale

Rationalist

Rationality

Rationally

Rationalness

Ratlin

Ratoon

Ratsbane

Ratsbaned

Rat-Tail

Ratteen

Rattinet

Rattle

Rattle

Rattle

Rattle-Headed

Rattlesnake

Rattlesnake-Root

Rattlesnake-Weed

Rattling

Rattling

Raucity

Raucous

Raught

Raunch

Ravage

Ravage

Ravaged

Ravager

Ravaging

Rave

Rave

Ravel

Ravel

Raveled

Ravelin

Raveling

Raven

Raven

Raven

Raven

Ravened

Ravener

Ravening

Ravening

Ravenous

Ravenously

Ravenousness

Ravens Duck

Raver

Ravet

Ravin

Ravin

Ravin

Raving

Ravingly

Ravish

Ravished

Ravisher

Ravishing

Ravishing

Ravishingly

Ravishment

Raw

Raw-Boned

Rawhead

Rawish

Rawly

Rawness

Ray

Ray

Ray

Rayless

Raze

Raze

Razed

Razee

Razing

Razor

Razorable

Razor-Bill

Razor-Fish

Razure

Re

Reabsorb

Reabsorbed

Reabsorbing

Reabsorption

Reaccess

Reach

Reach

Reach

Reached

Reacher

Reaching

React

React

Reacted

Reacting

Reaction

Read

Read

Read

Read

Read

Readable

Readeption

Reader

Readership

Readily

Readiness

Reading

Reading

Readjourn

Readjust

Readjusted

Readjusting

Readjustment

Readmission

Readmit

Readmittance

Readopt

Readorn

Readvertency

Ready

Ready

Ready

Ready

Reaffirm

Reaffirmance

Reagent

Reaggravation

Reak

Real

Real

Real

Realgar

Reality

Realization

Realize

Realized

Realizing

Realledge

Really

Realm

Realty

Ream

Reanimate

Reanimated

Reanimating

Reanimation

Reannex

Reannexation

Reannexed

Reannexing

Reap

Reap

Reaped

Reaper

Reaping

Reaping-Hook

Reapparel

Reappareled

Reappareling

Reappear

Reappearance

Reappearing

Reapplication

Reapply

Reapplying

Reappoint

Reappointment

Reapportion

Reapportioned

Reapportioning

Reapportionment

Rear

Rear

Rear

Rear-Admiral

Reared

Rear-Guard

Rearing

Rear-Line

Rear-Mouse

Rear-Rank

Rearward

Reascend

Reascend

Reascended

Reascending

Reascension

Reascent

Reason

Reason

Reason

Reasonable

Reasonableness

Reasonably

Reasoner

Reasoning

Reasoning

Reasonless

Reassemblage

Reassemble

Reassemble

Reassembled

Reassembling

Reassert

Reasserted

Reasserting

Reassign

Reassimilate

Reassimilated

Reassimilating

Reassimilation

Reassume

Reassumed

Reassuming

Reassumption

Reassu-Rance

Reassure

Reassured

Reassurer

Reassuring

Reastiness

Reasty

Reate

Reattach

Reattachment

Reattempt

Reave

Rebaptism

Rebaptization

Rebaptize

Rebaptized

Rebaptizing

Rebate

Rebate

Rebato

Rebeck

Rebel

Rebel

Rebel

Rebelled

Rebeller

Rebelling

Rebellion

Rebellious

Rebelliously

Rebelliousness

Rebellow

Rebellowing

Reblossom

Reboation

Reboil

Rebound

Rebound

Rebound

Rebounding

Rebrace

Rebreathe

Rebuff

Rebuff

Rebuild

Rebuilding

Rebuilt

Rebukable

Rebuke

Rebuke

Rebuked

Rebukeful

Rebukefully

Rebuker

Rebuking

Rebullition

Rebury

Rebus

Rebut

Rebut

Rebutted

Rebutter

Rebutting

Recall

Recall

Recallable

Recalled

Recalling

Recant

Recant

Recantation

Recanted

Recanter

Recanting

Recapacitate

Recapacitated

Recapacitating

Recapitulate

Recapitulated

Recapitulating

Recapitulation

Recapitulatory

Recaption

Recaptor

Recapture

Recapture

Recaptured

Recapturing

Recarnify

Recarried

Recarry

Recarrying

Recast

Recast

Recasting

Recede

Recede

Receded

Receding

Receipt

Receipt

Receivable

Receivableness

Receive

Received

Receivedness

Receiver

Receiving

Recelebrate

Recelebrated

Recelebrating

Recelebration

Recency

Recense

Recension

Recent

Recently

Recentness

Receptacle

Receptacular

Receptary

Receptibility

Reception

Receptive

Receptivity

Receptory

Recess

Recession

Rechange

Rechanged

Rechanging

Recharge

Recharged

Recharging

Recheat

Recheat

Rechoose

Rechosen

Recidivation

Recidivous

Recipe

Recipient

Reciprocal

Reciprocal

Reciprocally

Reciprocalness

Reciprocate

Reciprocate

Reciprocated

Reciprocating

Reciprocation

Reciprocity

Recision

Recital

Recitation

Recitative

Recitative

Recitatively

Recite

Recite

Recite

Recited

Reciter

Reciting

Reck

Reck

Reckless

Recklessness

Reckon

Reckon

Reckoned

Reckoner

Reckoning

Reckoning

Reckoning-Book

Reclaim

Reclaim

Reclaimable

Reclaimant

Reclaimed

Reclaiming

Reclamation

Reclinate

Reclination

Recline

Recline

Recline

Reclined

Reclining

Reclose

Reclosed

Reclosing

Reclude

Recluse

Recluse

Reclusely

Recluseness

Reclusion

Reclusive

Recoagulation

Recoct

Recognition

Recognitor

Recognizable

Recognizance

Recognize

Recognize

Recognized

Recognizee

Recognizing

Recognizor

Recoil

Recoil

Recoil

Recoiling

Recoiling

Recoilingly

Recoin

Recoinage

Recoined

Recoining

Recollect

Re-Collect

Recollected

Recollecting

Recollection

Recollective

Recollet

Recombination

Recombine

Recombined

Recombining

Recomfort

Recomforted

Recomforting

Recomfortless

Recommence

Recommenced

Recommencing

Recommend

Recommendable

Recommendation

Recommendatory

Recommended

Recommender

Recommending

Recommission

Recommissioned

Recommissioning

Recommit

Recommitment

Recommitted

Recommitting

Recommunicate

Recompact

Recompensation

Recompense

Recompense

Recompensed

Recompensing

Recompilement

Recompose

Recomposed

Recomposing

Recomposition

Reconcilable

Reconcilableness

Reconcile

Reconciled

Reconcilement

Reconciler

Reconciliation

Reconciliatory

Reconciling

Recondensation

Recondense

Recondensed

Recondensing

Recondite

Reconditory

Reconduct

Reconducted

Reconducting

Reconfirm

Reconjoin

Reconjoined

Reconjoining

Reconnoiter

Reconnoitered

Reconnoitering

Reconquer

Reconquered

Reconquering

Reconsecrate

Reconsecrated

Reconsecrating

Reconsecration

Reconsider

Reconsideration

Reconsidered

Reconsidering

Reconsolate

Reconvene

Reconvene

Reconvened

Reconvening

Reconversion

Reconvert

Reconverted

Reconverting

Reconvey

Reconveyed

Reconveying

Record

Record

Record

Recordation

Recorded

Recorder

Recording

Recouch

Recount

Recounted

Recounting

Recountment

Recoured

Recourse

Recourse

Recourseful

Recover

Recover

Recoverable

Recovered

Recoveree

Recovering

Recoveror

Recovery

Recreant

Recreant

Recreate

Recreate

Re-Create

Recreated

Re-Created

Recreating

Re-Creating

Recreation

Re-Creation

Recreative

Recreatively

Recreativeness

Recrement

Recremental

Recriminate

Recriminate

Recriminating

Recrimination

Recriminator

Recriminatory

Recross

Recrossed

Recrossing

Recrudescence

Recrudescent

Recruit

Recruit

Recruit

Recruited

Recruiting

Recruiting

Recruitment

Recrystalize

Rectangle

Rectangled

Rectangular

Rectangularly

Rectifiable

Rectification

Rectified

Rectifier

Rectify

Rectifying

Rectilineal

Rectilineous

Rectitude

Rector

Rectoral

Rectorship

Rectory

Rectress

Rectum

Recubation

Recule

Recumb

Recumbence

Recumbency

Recumbent

Recuperation

Recuperative

Recur

Recure

Recure

Recureless

Recurrence

Recurrent

Recursion

Recurvate

Recurvate

Recurvation

Recurve

Recurved

Recurviroster

Recurvous

Recusancy

Recusant

Recusant

Recusation

Recuse

Red

Red

Redact

Redan

Redargue

Redargution

Red-Berried

Red-Bird

Redbreast

Redbud

Red-Chalk

Red-Coat

Redden

Redden

Reddendum

Reddish

Reddishness

Reddition

Redditive

Reddle

Rede

Rede

Redeem

Redeemable

Redeemableness

Redeemed

Redeemer

Redeeming

Redeliberate

Redeliberate

Redeliver

Redeliverance

Redelivered

Redelivering

Redelivery

Redemand

Redemand

Redemandable

Redemanded

Redemanding

Redemise

Redemise

Redemised

Redemising

Redemption

Redemptioner

Redemptory

Redented

Redescend

Redescending

Redeye

Redgum

Red-Haired

Red-Hot

Redient

Redigest

Redigested

Redigesting

Redintegrate

Redintegrate

Redintegrated

Redintegrating

Redintegration

Redisburse

Redispose

Redisposed

Redisposing

Redisseizin

Redisseizor

Redissolve

Redissolved

Redissolving

Redistribute

Redistributed

Redistributing

Redistribution

Red-Lead

Redly

Redness

Redolence

Redolent

Redouble

Redouble

Redoubled

Redoubling

Redound

Redounding

Redout

Redoutable

Redouted

Redpole

Redraft

Redraft

Redrafted

Redrafting

Redraw

Redress

Redress

Redressed

Redresser

Redressing

Redressive

Redressless

Redsear

Redshank

Redshort

Redstart

Redstreak

Reduce

Reduced

Reducement

Reducer

Reducible

Reducibleness

Reducing

Reduct

Reduct

Reduction

Reductive

Reductive

Reductively

Redundance

Redundant

Redundantly

Reduplicate

Reduplicate

Reduplication

Reduplicative

Redwing

Ree

Ree

Re-Echo

Re-Echo

Re-Echo

Re-Echoed

Re-Echoing

Reechy

Reed

Reeded

Reeden

Reedgrass

Re-Edification

Re-Edified

Re-Edify

Re-Edifying

Reedless

Reedmace

Reedy

Reef

Reef

Reef

Reef-Band

Reefed

Reefing

Reef-Line

Reef-Tackle

Reek

Reek

Reeking

Reeky

Reel

Reel

Reel

Re-Elect

Re-Elected

Re-Electing

Re-Election

Re-Eligibility

Re-Eligible

Re-Embark

Re-Embark

Re-Embarkation

Re-Embattle

Re-Embattled

Re-Embattling

Re-Embody

Re-Enact

Re-Enacted

Re-Enacting

Re-Enaction

Re-Enactment

Re-Enforce

Re-Enforced

Re-Enforcement

Re-Enforcing

Re-Engage

Re-Engage

Re-Enjoy

Re-Enjoyed

Re-Enjoying

Re-Enjoyment

Re-Enkindle

Re-Enkindled

Re-Enkindling

Re-Enlist

Re-Enter

Re-Enter

Re-Entered

Re-Entering

Re-Enthrone

Re-Enthroned

Re-Enthroning

Re-Entrance

Reermouse

Re-Establish

Re-Established

Re-Establisher

Re-Establishing

Re-Establishment

Re-Estate

Reeve

Reeve

Reeve

Re-Examination

Re-Examine

Re-Examined

Re-Examining

Re-Exchange

Re-Export

Re-Export

Re-Exportation

Re-Exported

Re-Exporting

Refect

Refection

Refective

Refective

Refectory

Refel

Refer

Refer

Referable

Referee

Reference

Referendary

Referment

Re-Ferment

Referred

Referrible

Referring

Re-Find

Refine

Refine

Refined

Refinedly

Refinedness

Refinement

Refiner

Refinery

Refining

Refit

Refitted

Refitting

Reflect

Reflect

Reflected

Reflectent

Reflectible

Reflecting

Reflectingly

Reflection

Reflective

Reflector

Reflex

Reflex

Reflex

Reflexibility

Reflexible

Reflexion

Reflexity

Reflexive

Reflexively

Refloat

Reflorescence

Reflourish

Reflourishing

Reflow

Reflowing

Refluctuation

Refluence

Refluent

Reflux

Refocillate

Refocillation

Refoment

Refomented

Refomenting

Reform

Reform

Re-Form

Reform

Reformation

Re-Formation

Reformed

Re-Formed

Reformer

Reforming

Re-Forming

Reformist

Refortification

Refortify

Refossion

Refound

Refract

Refractarias

Refracted

Refracting

Refraction

Refractive

Refractoriness

Refractory

Refractory

Refragable

Refrain

Refrain

Refrain

Refrained

Refraining

Reframe

Refrangibility

Refrangible

Refrenation

Refresh

Refresh

Refreshed

Refresher

Refreshing

Refreshing

Refreshment

Refret

Refrigerant

Refrigerant

Refrigerate

Refrigerated

Refrigerating

Refrigeration

Refrigerative

Refrigerative

Refrigeratory

Refrigeratory

Refrigerium

Reft

Reft

Refuge

Refuge

Refugee

Refulgence

Refulgent

Refulgently

Refund

Refunded

Refunding

Refusable

Refusal

Refuse

Refuse

Refuse

Refuse

Refuse

Refused

Refuser

Refusing

Refutable

Refutal

Refutation

Refute

Refuted

Refuter

Refuting

Regain

Regained

Regaining

Regal

Regal

Regale

Regale

Regale

Regale

Regaled

Regalement

Regalia

Regaling

Regality

Regally

Regard

Regard

Regardable

Regardant

Regarded

Regarder

Regardful

Regardfully

Regarding

Regardless

Regardlessly

Regardlessness

Regata

Regather

Regathered

Regathering

Regel

Regency

Regeneracy

Regenerate

Regenerate

Regenerated

Regenerateness

Regenerating

Regeneration

Regeneratory

Regent

Regent

Regentess

Regentship

Regerminate

Regerminating

Regermination

Regest

Regible

Regicide

Regimen

Regiment

Regiment

Regimental

Regimentals

Regimented

Region

Register

Register

Registership

Registrar

Registration

Registry

Reglement

Reglet

Regnant

Regorge

Regrade

Regraft

Regrafted

Regrafting

Regrant

Regrant

Regranted

Regranting

Regrate

Regrater

Regrating

Regreet

Regreet

Regreeted

Regreeting

Regress

Regress

Regression

Regressive

Regressively

Regret

Regret

Regretful

Regretfully

Regretted

Regretting

Reguerdon

Reguerdon

Regular

Regular

Regularity

Regularly

Regulate

Regulated

Regulating

Regulation

Regulator

Reguline

Regulize

Regulus

Regurgitate

Regurgitate

Regurgitated

Regurgitating

Regurgitation

Rehabilitate

Rehabilitated

Rehabilitating

Rehabilitation

Rehear

Reheard

Rehearing

Rehearing

Rehearsal

Rehearse

Rehearsed

Rehearser

Rehearsing

Reigle

Reign

Reign

Reigning

Reimbark

Reimbody

Reimbursable

Reimburse

Reimbursed

Reimbursement

Reimburser

Reimbursing

Reimplant

Reimplanted

Reimplanting

Reimportune

Reimportuned

Reimportuning

Reimpregnate

Reimpregnated

Reimpregnating

Reimpress

Reimpressed

Reimpressing

Reimpression

Reimprint

Reimprinted

Reimprinting

Rein

Rein

Reindeer

Reinfect

Reinfected

Reinfecting

Reinfectious

Reinforce

Reinforced

Reinforcement

Reinforcing

Reingratiate

Reingratiate

Reingratiated

Reingratiating

Reinhabit

Reinhabited

Reinhabiting

Reinless

Reinlist

Reinlisted

Reinlisting

Reinlistment

Reinquire

Reins

Reinsert

Reinserted

Reinserting

Reinsertion

Reinspect

Reinspection

Reinspire

Reinspired

Reinspiring

Reinstall

Reinstalled

Reinstalling

Reinstallment

Reinstate

Reinstated

Reinstatement

Reinstating

Reinsurance

Reinsure

Reinsured

Reinsuring

Reintegrate

Reinterrogate

Reinthrolne

Reinthroned

Reinthroning

Reinthronize

Reinvest

Reinvestted

Reinvesting

Reinvestment

Reinvigorate

Reit

Reiterate

Reiterated

Reiteration

Reject

Rejectable

Rejectamenta

Rejectaneous

Rejected

Rejecter

Rejecting

Rejection

Rejective

Rejectment

Rejoice

Rejoice

Rejoiced

Rejoicer

Rejoicing

Rejoicing

Rejoicingly

Rejoin

Rejoin

Rejoinder

Rejoined

Rejoining

Rejoint

Rejolt

Rejourn

Rejudge

Rejudged

Rejudging

Rejuvenescence

Rekindle

Rekindled

Rekindling

Relaid

Reland

Reland

Relanded

Relanding

Relapse

Relapse

Relapser

Relapsing

Relate

Relate

Related

Relater

Relating

Relation

Relational

Relationship

Relative

Relative

Relatively

Relativeness

Relator

Relax

Relax

Relax

Relaxable

Relaxation

Relaxative

Relaxed

Relaxing

Relay

Relay

Relaying

Release

Release

Released

Releasement

Releaser

Releasing

Relegate

Relegated

Relegating

Relegation

Relent

Relent

Relent

Relent

Relenting

Relenting

Relentless

Relessee

Relessor

Relevance

Relevant

Relevation

Reliance

Relic

Relict

Relief

Relier

Relievable

Relieve

Relieved

Reliever

Relieving

Relievo

Relight

Relighted

Relighting

Religion

Religionary

Religionist

Religious

Religious

Religiously

Religiousness

Relinquish

Relinquished

Relinquisher

Relinquishing

Relinquishment

Reliquary

Reliquidate

Reliquidated

Reliquidating

Reliquidation

Relish

Relish

Relish

Relishable

Relished

Relive

Relive

Reloan

Reloan

Reloaned

Reloaning

Relove

Relucent

Reluct

Reluctance

Reluctant

Reluctantly

Reluctate

Reluctation

Relucting

Relume

Relumed

Relumine

Relumined

Reluming

Relumining

Rely

Relying

Remade

Remain

Remain

Remain

Remainder

Remainder

Remainder-Man

Remaining

Remains

Remake

Remand

Remanded

Remanding

Remanent

Remanent

Remark

Remark

Remarkable

Remarkableness

Remarkably

Remarked

Remarker

Remarking

Remarried

Remarry

Remarrying

Remasticate

Remasticated

Remasticating

Remastication

Remediable

Remedial

Remediate

Remedied

Remediless

Remedilessly

Remedilessness

Remedy

Remedy

Remedying

Remelt

Remelted

Remelting

Remember

Remembered

Rememberer

Remembering

Remembrance

Remembrancer

Rememorate

Rememoration

Remercie

Remigrate

Remigration

Remind

Reminded

Reminding

Reminiscence

Reminiscential

Remise

Remised

Remising

Remiss

Remissible

Remission

Remissly

Remissness

Remit

Remit

Remitment

Remittal

Remittance

Remitted

Remitter

Remnant

Remnant

Remodel

Remodeled

Remodeling

Remold

Remolded

Remolding

Remolten

Remonstrance

Remonstrant

Remonstrant

Remonstrate

Remonstrate

Remonstrating

Remonstration

Remonstrator

Remora

Remorate

Remord

Remord

Remordency

Remorse

Remorsed

Remorseful

Remorseless

Remorselessly

Remorselessness

Remote

Remotely

Remoteness

Remotion

Remount

Remount

Removability

Removable

Removal

Remove

Remove

Remove

Removed

Removedness

Remover

Removing

Remunerability

Remunerable

Remunerate

Remunerated

Remunerating

Remuneration

Remunerative

Remuneratory

Remurmur

Remurmur

Remurmured

Remurmuring

Renal

Renard

Renascency

Renascent

Renascible

Renavigate

Renavigated

Renavigating

Rencounter

Rencounter

Rencounter

Rend

Render

Render

Render

Renderable

Rendered

Rendering

Rendering

Rendezvous

Rendezvous

Rendezvous

Rendezvousing

Rendible

Rendition

Renegade

Renege

Renege

Renerve

Renerved

Renerving

Renew

Renewable

Renewal

Renewed

Renewedness

Renewer

Renewing

Renewing

Reniform

Renitence

Renitent

Rennet

Rennet

Renounce

Renounce

Renounce

Renounced

Renouncement

Renouncer

Renouncing

Renouncing

Renovate

Renovated

Renovating

Renovation

Renown

Renown

Renowned

Renownedly

Renownless

Rent

Rent

Rent

Rent

Rent

Rent

Rent

Rentable

Rentage

Rental

Rented

Renter

Renter

Rentered

Renterer

Rentering

Renting

Rent-Roll

Renunciation

Renverse

Renverse

Renversement

Reobtain

Reobtainable

Reobtained

Reobtaining

Reoppose

Reordain

Reordained

Reordaining

Reordination

Reorganization

Reorganize

Reorganized

Reorganizing

Repacified

Repacify

Repaciifying

Repack

Repacked

Repacker

Repacking

Repaid

Repair

Repair

Repair

Repair

Repairable

Repaired

Repairer

Repairing

Repand

Repandous

Reparable

Reparably

Reparation

Reparative

Reparative

Repartee

Repartee

Repass

Repass

Repassed

Repassing

Repast

Repast

Repasture

Repay

Repayable

Repaying

Repayment

Repeal

Repeal

Repealability

Repealable

Repealed

Repealer

Repealing

Repeat

Repeat

Repeated

Repeatedly

Repeater

Repeating

Repedation

Repel

Repel

Repelled

Repellency

Repellent

Repellent

Repeller

Repelling

Repent

Repent

Repent

Repentance

Repentant

Repentant

Repenter

Repenting

Repenting

Repentingly

Repeople

Repeopled

Repeopling

Repeopling

Repercuss

Repercussion

Repercussive

Repercussive

Repertitious

Repertory

Repetend

Repetition

Repetitional

Repine

Repiner

Repining

Repining

Repiningly

Replace

Replaced

Replacement

Replacing

Replait

Replaited

Replaiting

Replant

Replantable

Replantation

Replanted

Replanting

Replead

Repleader

Replenish

Replenish

Replenished

Replenishing

Replete

Repletion

Repletive

Repleviable

Replevied

Replevin

Replevisable

Replevy

Replevying

Replication

Replier

Reply

Reply

Reply

Replying

Repolish

Repolished

Repolishing

Report

Report

Report

Reported

Reporter

Reporting

Reportingly

Reposal

Repose

Repose

Repose

Reposed

Reposedness

Reposing

Reposit

Reposited

Repositing

Reposition

Repository

Repossess

Repossessed

Repossessing

Repossession

Repour

Reprehend

Reprehended

Reprehender

Reprehending

Reprehensible

Reprehensibleness

Reprehensibly

Reprehension

Reprehensive

Reprehensory

Represent

Representance

Representant

Representation

Representative

Representative

Representatively

Representativeness

Represented

Representer

Representing

Representment

Repress

Repress

Repressed

Represser

Repressing

Repression

Repressive

Reprieval

Reprieve

Reprieve

Reprieved

Reprieving

Reprimand

Reprimand

Reprimanded

Reprimanding

Reprint

Reprint

Reprinted

Reprinting

Reprisal

Reprise

Reprise

Reprizes

Reproach

Reproach

Reproachable

Reproached

Reproachful

Reproachfully

Reprobate

Reprobate

Reprobate

Reprobated

Reprobateness

Reprobater

Reprobating

Reprobation

Reprobationer

Reproduce

Reproduced

Reproducer

Reproducing

Reproduction

Reproof

Reprovable

Reprove

Reproved

Reprover

Reproving

Reprune

Repruned

Repruning

Reptile

Reptile

Republic

Republican

Republican

Republicanism

Republicanize

Republication

Republish

Republished

Republisher

Republishing

Repudiable

Repudiate

Repudiated

Repudiating

Repudiation

Repugn

Repugnance

Repugnant

Repugnantly

Repullulate

Repullulation

Repulse

Repulse

Repulsed

Repulser

Repulsing

Repulsion

Repulsive

Repulsiveness

Repulsory

Repurchase

Repurchase

Repurchased

Repurchasing

Reputable

Reputableness

Reputably

Reputation

Repute

Repute

Reputed

Reputedly

Reputeless

Reputing

Request

Request

Requested

Requester

Requesting

Requicken

Requickened

Requickening

Requiem

Requietory

Requirable

Require

Required

Requirement

Requirer

Requiring

Requisite

Requisite

Requisitely

Requisiteness

Requisition

Requisitive

Requisitory

Requital

Requite

Requited

Requiter

Requiting

Rere-Mouse

Re-Resolve

Rere-Ward

Resail

Resale

Resalute

Resaluted

Resaluting

Rescind

Rescission

Rescissory

Rescous

Rescribe

Rescript

Rescriptively

Rescuable

Rescue

Rescue

Rescued

Rescuer

Rescuing

Research

Research

Researcher

Reseat

Reseated

Reseating

Resection

Reseek

Reseize

Reseized

Reseizer

Reseizing

Reseizure

Resell

Resemblable

Resemblance

Resemble

Resembled

Resembling

Resend

Resent

Resented

Resenter

Resentful

Resenting

Resentingly

Resentive

Resentment

Reservation

Reservative

Reservatory

Reserve

Reserve

Reserved

Reservedly

Reservedness

Reserver

Reserving

Reservoir

Reset

Resettle

Resettle

Resettled

Resettlement

Resettling

Reship

Reshipment

Reshipped

Reshipping

Resiance

Resiant

Reside

Residence

Resident

Resident

Residentiary

Residentiary

Resider

Residing

Residual

Residuary

Residue

Residuum

Resiege

Resign

Resign

Resign

Resignation

Resigned

Resignedly

Resigner

Resigning

Resignment

Resilah

Resilience

Resilient

Resilition

Resin

Resiniferous

Resiniform

Resino-Electric

Resino-Extractive

Resinous

Resinously

Resinousness

Resipiscence

Resist

Resist

Resistance

Resistant

Resisted

Resister

Resistibility

Resistible

Resisting

Resistive

Resistless

Resistlessly

Resold

Resoluble

Resolute

Resolutely

Resoluteness

Resolution

Resolutioner

Resolutive

Resolvable

Resolve

Resolve

Resolve

Resolved

Resolvedly

Resolvedness

Resolvent

Resolver

Resolving

Resolving

Resonance

Resonant

Resorb

Resorbent

Resort

Resort

Resorter

Resorting

Resound

Resound

Resound

Resound

Resounded

Resounding

Resource

Resourceless

Resow

Resowed

Respeak

Respect

Respect

Respectability

Respectable

Respectableness

Respectably

Respected

Respecter

Respectful

Respectfully

Respectfulness

Respecting

Respective

Respectively

Respectless

Respectlessness

Resperse

Respersion

Respirable

Respiration

Respiratory

Respire

Respire

Respired

Respiring

Respit

Respit

Respited

Respiting

Resplendence

Resplendent

Resplendently

Resplit

Respond

Respond

Respond

Responded

Respondent

Respondent

Responding

Responsal

Responsal

Response

Responsibility

Responsible

Responsibleness

Responsion

Responsive

Responsory

Responsory

Rest

Rest

Rest

Rest

Rest

Restagnant

Restagnate

Restagnation

Restant

Restauration

Rested

Restem

Restful

Restfully

Rest-Harrow

Restif

Restif

Restifness

Restinction

Resting

Resting-Place

Restinguish

Restitute

Restitution

Restitutor

Restive

Restless

Restlessly

Restlessness

Restorable

Restoral

Restoration

Restorative

Restorative

Restore

Re-Store

Restored

Restorement

Restorer

Restoring

Restrain

Restrainable

Restrained

Restrainedly

Restrainer

Restraining

Restraint

Restrict

Restricted

Restricting

Restriction

Restrictive

Restrictively

Restringe

Restringency

Restringent

Restringent

Restrive

Resty

Resubjection

Resublimation

Resublime

Resublimed

Resubliming

Resudation

Result

Result

Resultance

Resultant

Resulting

Resumable

Resume

Resumed

Resuming

Resummon

Resummoned

Resummoning

Resumption

Resumptive

Resupinate

Resupination

Resupine

Resurrection

Resurvey

Resurvey

Resurveyed

Resurveying

Resuscitate

Resuscitated

Resuscitating

Resuscitation

Resuscitative

Retail

Retail

Retailed

Retailer

Retailing

Retain

Retain

Retained

Retainer

Retaining

Retake

Retaker

Retaking

Retaking

Retaliate

Retaliate

Retaliated

Retaliating

Retaliation

Retaliatory

Retard

Retard

Retardation

Retarded

Retarder

Retarding

Retardment

Retch

Retchless

Retection

Retent

Retention

Retentive

Retentiveness

Reticence

Reticle

Reticular

Reticulate

Reticulation

Retiform

Retina

Retinasphalt

Retinite

Retinue

Retirade

Retire

Retire

Retire

Retired

Retiredly

Retiredness

Retirement

Retiring

Retold

Retort

Retort

Retort

Retorted

Retorter

Retorting

Retortion

Retoss

Retossed

Retossing

Retouch

Retouched

Retouching

Retrace

Retraced

Retracing

Retract

Retract

Retract

Retractable

Retractation

Retracted

Retractible

Retractile

Retracting

Retraction

Retractive

Retractive

Retraict

Retrait

Retraxit

Retreat

Retreat

Retreated

Retrench

Retrench

Retrenched

Retrenching

Retrenchment

Retribute

Retributed

Retributer

Retributing

Retribution

Retributive

Retrievable

Retrieve

Retrieve

Retrieved

Retrieving

Retroaction

Retroactive

Retroactively

Retrocede

Retroceded

Retroceding

Retrocession

Retroduction

Retroflex

Retrofract

Retrogradation

Retrograde

Retrograde

Retrogression

Retrogressive

Retromingency

Retromingent

Retromingent

Retropulsive

Retrorsely

Retrospect

Retrospection

Retrospective

Retrospectively

Retroversion

Retrovert

Retroverted

Retrude

Retund

Return

Return

Return

Returnable

Return-Day

Returned

Returner

Returning

Returning-Officer

Returnless

Retuse

Reunion

Reunite

Reunite

Reunited

Reuniting

Reussite

Reve

Reveal

Reveal

Revealed

Revealer

Revealing

Revealment

Reveille

Revel

Revel

Revel

Revelation

Reveler

Reveling

Reveling

Revel-Rout

Revelry

Revendicate

Revendicated

Revendicating

Revendication

Revenge

Revenge

Revenged

Revengeful

Revengefully

Revengefulness

Revengeless

Revengement

Revenger

Revenging

Revengingly

Revenue

Reverb

Reverberant

Reverberate

Reverberate

Reverberate

Reverberated

Reverberating

Reverberation

Reverberatory

Reverberatory

Revere

Revered

Reverence

Reverence

Reverenced

Reverencer

Reverencing

Reverend

Reverent

Reverential

Reverentially

Reverently

Reverer

Reverie

Revering

Reversal

Reversal

Reverse

Reverse

Reverse

Reversed

Reversedly

Reverseless

Reversely

Reversible

Reversing

Reversion

Reversionary

Reversioner

Revert

Revert

Revert

Reverted

Revertent

Revertible

Reverting

Revertive

Revery

Revest

Revest

Revested

Revestiary

Revetment

Revibrate

Revibration

Reviction

Revictual

Revictualed

Revictualing

Revie

Revie

Review

Review

Reviewed

Reviewer

Reviewing

Revigorate

Revile

Revile

Reviled

Revilement

Reviler

Reviling

Reviling

Revilingly

Revindicate

Revisal

Revise

Revise

Revised

Reviser

Revising

Revision

Revisional

Revisit

Revisitation

Revisited

Revisiting

Revisor

Revival

Revive

Revive

Revived

Reviver

Revivificate

Revivification

Revivifo

Reviving

Reviviscence

Reviviscent

Revivor

Revocable

Revocableness

Revocate

Revocation

Revoke

Revoke

Revoke

Revoked

Revokement

Revoking

Revolt

Revolt

Revolt

Revolted

Revolter

Revolting

Revolute

Revolution

Revolutionary

Revolutioner

Revolutionist

Revolutionize

Revolutionized

Revolutionizing

Revolvency

Revomit

Revomited

Revomiting

Revulsion

Revulsive

Revulsive

Rew

Reward

Reward

Rewardable

Rewardableness

Rewarded

Rewarder

Rewarding

Reword

Rewrite

Rewritten

Reys

Rhabarbarate

Rhabdology

Rhabdomancy

Rhapsodic

Rhapsodist

Rhapsody

Rhein-Berry

Rhenish

Rhetian

Rhetor

Rhetoric

Rhetorical

Rhetorically

Rhetoricate

Rhetorication

Rhetorician

Rhetorician

Rhetorize

Rhetorize

Rheum

Rheumatic

Rheumatism

Rheumy

Rhime

Rhino

Rhinocerial

Rhinoceros

Rhinoceros-Bird

Rhodian

Rhodium

Rhododendron

Rhodonite

Rhoetizite

Rhomb

Rhombic

Rhombo

Rhomboid

Rhomboidal

Rhomb-Spar

Rhubarb

Rhubarbarine

Rhumb

Rhumb-Line

Rhyme

Rhyme

Rhyme

Rhymeless

Rhymer

Rhymic

Rhythm

Rhythmical

Rial

Rial

Riant

Rib

Rib

Ribald

Ribald

Ribaldish

Ribaldry

Riban

Ribbed

Ribin

Ribin

Ribroast

Ribroasted

Ribroasting

Ribwort

Ric

Ric

Rice

Rice-Bird

Rich

Rich

Riched

Riches

Richly

Richness

Rick

Rickets

Rickety

Ricochet

Rid

Rid

Rid

Riddance

Ridden

Ridding

Riddle

Riddle

Riddle

Riddle

Riddle

Riddler

Riddlingly

Ride

Ride

Ride

Rider

Ridge

Ridge

Ridgil

Ridgy

Ridicule

Ridicule

Ridicule

Ridiculed

Ridiculer

Ridiculing

Ridiculous

Ridiculously

Ridiculousness

Riding

Riding

Riding-Clerk

Riding-Coat

Riding-Habit

Riding-Hood

Riding-School

Ridotto

Rie

Rife

Rifely

Rifeness

Riffraff

Rifle

Rifle

Rifle

Rifled

Rifleman

Rifler

Rifling

Rift

Rift

Rift

Rifted

Rifting

Rig

Rig

Rig

Rig

Rigadoon

Rigation

Rigged

Rigger

Rigging

Rigging

Riggish

Riggle

Right

Right

Right

Right

Right

Right

Righted

Righten

Righteous

Righteously

Righteousness

Righter

Rightful

Rightfully

Rightfulness

Right-Hand

Righting

Rightly

Rightness

Rigid

Rigidity

Rigidly

Rigidness

Riglet

Rigmarole

Rigol

Rigoll

Rigor

Rigorous

Rigorously

Rigorousness

Rill

Rill

Rillet

Rim

Rim

Rime

Rime

Rime

Rime

Rimose

Rimple

Rimple

Rimpling

Rimy

Rind

Rind

Rindle

Ring

Ring

Ring

Ring

Ring

Ring-Bolt

Ring-Bone

Ringdove

Ringent

Ringer

Ringing

Ringing

Ringlead

Ringleader

Ringlet

Ring-Ousel

Ring-Streaked

Ring-Tail

Ring-Worm

Rinse

Rinsed

Rinser

Rinsing

Riot

Riot

Rioter

Rioting

Rioting

Riotise

Riotous

Riotously

Riotousness

Rip

Rip

Ripe

Ripe

Ripe

Ripely

Ripen

Ripen

Ripeness

Riphean

Ripier

Ripped

Ripper

Ripping

Ripping

Ripple

Ripple

Ripple

Rippling

Rippling

Ript

Riptowell

Rise

Rise

Risen

Riser

Risibility

Risible

Rising

Rising

Risk

Risk

Risked

Risker

Risking

Risse

Rite

Ritornello

Ritual

Ritual

Ritualist

Ritually

Rivage

Rival

Rival

Rival

Rival

Rivality

Rivalry

Rivalship

Rive

Rive

Rivel

Riven

River

River

River-Dragon

Riveret

River-God

River-Horse

River-Water

Rivet

Rivet

Riveted

Riveting

Rivulet

Rixation

Rix-Dollar

Roach

Road

Roader

Roadstead

Roadway

Roam

Roam

Roamer

Roaming

Roaming

Roan

Roan-Tree

Roar

Roar

Roarer

Roaring

Roaring

Roary

Roast

Roast

Roast

Roast

Roasted

Roaster

Roasting

Roasting

Rob

Rob

Roballo

Robbe

Robbed

Robber

Robbery

Robbing

Robbins

Robe

Robe

Robed

Robersman

Robert

Robertine

Robin

Robin-Goodfellow

Roborant

Roborant

Roboration

Roboreous

Robust

Robustness

Rocambole

Roche-Alum

Rochet

Rochet

Rock

Rock

Rock

Rock

Rock-Alum

Rock-Bason

Rock-Butter

Rock-Crystal

Rock-Doe

Rocked

Rocker

Rocket

Rocket

Rock-Fish

Rockiness

Rocking

Rockless

Rock-Oil

Rock-Pigeon

Rock-Rose

Rock-Ruby

Rock-Salt

Rock-Wood

Rock-Work

Rocky

Rod

Rode

Rodomont

Rodomont

Rodomontade

Rodomontade

Rodomontadist

Roe

Roe

Roe-Stone

Rogation

Rogation-Week

Rogue

Rogue

Roguery

Rogueship

Roguish

Roguishly

Roguishness

Roguy

Roil

Roiled

Roiling

Roint

Roist

Roister

Roky

Roll

Roll

Roll

Rolled

Roller

Rolling

Rolling

Rolling-Pin

Rolling-Press

Rolly-Pooly

Romage

Romal

Roman

Roman

Romance

Romance

Romancer

Romancing

Romancy

Romanism

Romanist

Romanize

Romanize

Romanized

Romansh

Romantic

Romantically

Romanticness

Romanzovite

Romepenny

Romish

Romist

Romp

Romp

Romping

Rompish

Rompishness

Rompu

Rondeau

Rondle

Rondure

Rong

Ronion

Ront

Rood

Rood

Roodloft

Roof

Roof

Roofed

Roofing

Roofing

Roofless

Roofy

Rook

Rook

Rook

Rook

Rook

Rookery

Rooky

Room

Room

Roomage

Roomful

Roominess

Roomy

Roost

Roost

Roosting

Root

Root

Root

Root

Root-Bound

Root-Built

Rooted

Rootedly

Rooter

Root-House

Rooting

Root-Leaf

Rootlet

Rooty

Ropalic

Rope

Rope

Rope-Band

Rope-Dancer

Rope-Ladder

Rope-Maker

Rope-Making

Ropery

Rope-Trick

Rope-Walk

Rope-Yarn

Ropiness

Ropy

Roquelaur

Roral

Roration

Rorid

Roriferous

Rorifluent

Rosaceous

Rosary

Rosasic

Roscid

Rose

Rose

Roseal

Roseate

Rosebay

Rosed

Rose-Gall

Rose-Mallow

Rosemary

Rose-Noble

Rose-Quartz

Rose-Root

Roset

Rose-Water

Rose-Wood

Rosicrucian

Rosicrucian

Rosier

Rosin

Rosin

Rosiness

Rosiny

Rosland

Rospo

Ross

Rossel

Rosselly

Rosset

Rossignol

Rostel

Roster

Rostral

Rostrate

Rostrum

Rosy

Rot

Rot

Rot

Rota

Rotalite

Rotary

Rotate

Rotated

Rotation

Rotative

Rotato-Plane

Rotator

Rotatory

Rote

Rote

Rote

Rote

Rother-Beasts

Rother-Nails

Rothoffite

Rotoco

Rotten

Rottenness

Rotten-Stone

Rotund

Rotundifolious

Rotundity

Rotundo

Roucou

Rouge

Rouge

Rouge

Rouge

Rough

Rough-Cast

Rough-Cast

Rough-Draught

Rough-Draw

Rough-Drawn

Roughen

Roughen

Rough-Footed

Rough-Hew

Rough-Hewn

Roughings

Roughly

Roughness

Rough-Shod

Rought

Rough-Work

Rough-Wrought

Rouleau

Roun

Roun

Rounce

Rounceval

Round

Round

Round

Round

Round

Round

Round

Roundabout

Roundabout

Roundel

Rounder

Roundhead

Roundheaded

Roundhouse

Rounding

Rounding

Rounding

Roundish

Roundishness

Roundlet

Roundly

Roundness

Roundridge

Roundrobin

Rounds

Rouse

Rouse

Rouse

Rouse

Roused

Rouser

Rousing

Rout

Rout

Rout

Rout

Rout

Rout

Rout

Routine

Rove

Rove

Rove

Rover

Roving

Row

Row

Row

Rowable

Rowed

Rowel

Rowel

Rowen

Rower

Rowing

Rowley-Ragg

Row-Lock

Row-Port

Royal

Royal

Royalism

Royalist

Royalize

Royally

Royalty

Royne

Roynish

Roytelet

Roytish

Rub

Rub

Rub

Rub

Rubbage

Rubber

Rubbish

Rubble-Stone

Rubefacient

Rubefacient

Rubellite

Rubescent

Rubican

Rubicel

Rubicund

Rubied

Rubific

Rubification

Rubiform

Rubify

Rubious

Ruble

Rubric

Rubric

Rubric

Rubrical

Rubricate

Rubricate

Ruby

Ruby

Ruby

Ruck

Ruck

Ructation

Rud

Rud

Rudd

Rudder

Ruddiness

Ruddle

Ruddle-Man

Ruddoc

Ruddy

Rude

Rudely

Rudeness

Rudenture

Ruderary

Ruderation

Rudesby

Rudiment

Rudiment

Rudimental

Rue

Rue

Rue

Rue

Rueful

Ruefully

Ruefulness

Rueing

Ruelle

Rufescent

Ruff

Ruff

Ruffian

Ruffian

Ruffian

Ruffian-Like

Ruffle

Ruffle

Ruffle

Ruffle

Ruffle

Ruffled

Ruffler

Ruffling

Ruffling

Ruffling

Ruffling

Rufous

Rufter-Hood

Rug

Rugged

Ruggedly

Ruggedness

Rug-Gowned

Rugin

Rugine

Rugose

Rugosity

Ruin

Ruin

Ruin

Ruinate

Ruination

Ruined

Ruiner

Ruiniform

Ruining

Ruinous

Ruinously

Ruinousness

Rule

Rule

Rule

Ruled

Ruler

Ruling

Ruly

Rum

Rum

Rumble

Rumbler

Rumbling

Rumbling

Rumbud

Ruminant

Ruminant

Ruminate

Ruminate

Ruminated

Ruminating

Rumination

Ruminator

Rummage

Rummage

Rummage

Rummaged

Rummaging

Rummer

Rumor

Rumor

Rumored

Rumorer

Rumoring

Rump

Rumple

Rumple

Rumpled

Rumpless

Rumpling

Run

Run

Run

Runagate

Runaway

Runcation

Runcinate

Rundle

Rundlet

Rune

Runer

Runes

Rung

Rung

Runic

Runnel

Runner

Runnet

Running

Running

Running-Fight

Running-Rigging

Running-Title

Runnion

Runt

Rupee

Ruption

Rupture

Rupture

Rupture

Ruptured

Rupture-Wort

Rupturing

Rural

Ruralist

Rurally

Ruralness

Ruricolist

Rurigenous

Ruse

Rush

Rush

Rush

Rush

Rush-Candle

Rushed

Rusher

Rushiness

Rushing

Rushing

Rush-Light

Rush-Like

Rushy

Rusk

Rusma

Russ

Russ

Russet

Russet

Russet

Russian

Russian

Rust

Rust

Rust

Rusted

Rustic

Rustic

Rustically

Rusticalness

Rusticate

Rusticate

Rusticated

Rusticating

Rustication

Rusticity

Rustily

Rustiness

Rusting

Rustle

Rustling

Rustling

Rusty

Rut

Rut

Rut

Ruta Baga

Ruth

Ruthenus

Ruthful

Ruthfully

Ruthless

Ruthlessly

Ruthlessness

Rutil

Rutilant

Rutilate

Rutter

Rutterkin

Ruttier

Ruttish

Ruttle

Ryal

Ryder

Rye

Rye-Grass

Ryot

S

S

Sabaoth

Sabbatarian

Sabbatarian

Sabbatarianism

Sabbath

Sabbath-Breaker

Sabbath-Breaking

Sabbathless

Sabbatic

Sabbatism

Sabean

Sabeism

Sabellian

Sabellian

Sabellianism

Saber

Saber

Sabian

Sabian

Sabian

Sabianism

Sabine

Sable

Sable

Sabliere

Sabot

Sabulosity

Sabulous

Sac

Saccade

Sacchariferous

Saccharine

Saccholactic

Saccholate

Sacerdotal

Sachel

Sachem

Sack

Sack

Sack

Sack

Sack

Sack

Sackage

Sackbut

Sackcloth

Sackclothed

Sacked

Sacker

Sackful

Sacking

Sacking

Sacking

Sackless

Sack-Posset

Sacrament

Sacrament

Sacramental

Sacramental

Sacramentally

Sacramentarian

Sacramentary

Sacramentary

Sacre

Sacred

Sacredly

Sacredness

Sacrific

Sacrificable

Sacrificant

Sacrificator

Sacrificatory

Sacrifice

Sacrifice

Sacrifice

Sacrificed

Sacrificer

Sacrificial

Sacrilege

Sacrilegious

Sacrilegiously

Sacrilegiousness

Sacrilegist

Sacring

Sacring-Bell

Sacrist

Sacristan

Sacristy

Sacrosanct

Sad

Sadden

Saddened

Saddening

Saddle

Saddle

Saddle-Backed

Saddle-Bow

Saddle-Maker

Sadducean

Sadducism

Sadly

Sadness

Safe

Safe

Safe

Safe-Conduct

Safeguard

Safeguard

Safe-Keeping

Safely

Safeness

Safety

Safety-Valve

Safflow

Safflower

Saffron

Saffron

Saffron

Sag

Sag

Sagacious

Sagaciously

Sagaciousness

Sagacity

Sagamore

Sagapen

Sagathy

Sagf

Sage

Sage

Sagely

Sagene

Sageness

Sagenite

Sagittal

Sagittarius

Sagittary

Sagittate

Sago

Sagoin

Sagy

Sahlite

Saic

Said

Sail

Sail

Sail

Sailable

Sail-Borne

Sail-Broad

Sailed

Sailer

Sailing

Sailing

Sail-Loft

Sail-Maker

Sail-Making

Sailor

Sail-Yard

Saim

Sain

Sainfoin

Saint

Saint

Saint

Sainted

Saintess

Saint Johns Bread

Saint Johns Wort

Saintlike

Saintly

Saint Peters Wort

Saints Bell

Saint-Seeming

Saintship

Sajene

Sake

Saker

Sakeret

Sal

Salable

Salableness

Salably

Salacious

Salaciously

Salaciousness

Salad

Salading

Sal-Alembroth

Salam

Salamander

Salamandrine

Salaried

Salary

Sale

Sale

Salebrosity

Salebrous

Salep

Salesman

Salework

Salic

Salient

Salient

Saliferous

Salifiable

Salification

Salified

Salify

Salifying

Saligot

Salination

Saline

Saline

Saliniferous

Saliniform

Salino-Terrene

Salite

Saliva

Salival

Salivate

Salivated

Salivating

Salivation

Salivous

Sallet

Sallet

Salliance

Sallow

Sallow

Sallowness

Sally

Sally

Sallying

Sally-Port

Salmagundi

Salmon

Salmon-Trout

Saloon

Saloop

Salpicon

Salsamentarious

Salsify

Salsoacid

Salsuginous

Salt

Salt

Salt

Salt

Salt

Salt

Saltant

Saltation

Saltcat

Salt-Cellar

Salted

Salter

Saltern

Saltier

Saltinbanco

Salting

Salting

Saltish

Saltishly

Saltishness

Saltless

Saltly

Salt-Mine

Saltness

Salt-Pan

Saltpeter

Saltpetrous

Salts

Salt-Water

Salt-Work

Salt-Wort

Salubrious

Salubriously

Salubrity

Salutariness

Salutary

Salutation

Salute

Salute

Saluted

Saluter

Salutiferous

Salvability

Salvable

Salvage

Salvage

Salvation

Salvatory

Salve

Salve

Salver

Salvific

Salvo

Salvor

Samaritan

Samaritan

Sambo

Same

Same

Sameness

Samiel

Samite

Samlet

Samp

Sampane

Samphire

Sample

Sample

Sampler

Samsons-Post

Sanable

Sanation

Sanative

Sanativeness

Sanctificate

Sanctification

Sanctified

Sanctifier

Sanctify

Sanctifying

Sanctimonious

Sanctimoniously

Sanctimoniousness

Sanctimony

Sanction

Sanction

Sanctioned

Sanctioning

Sanctitude

Sanctity

Sanctuarize

Sanctuary

Sand

Sand

Sandal

Sandal

Sandarac

Sand-Bag

Sand-Bath

Sand-Blind

Sand-Box

Sanded

Sand-Eel

Sanderling

Sanders

Sandever

Sand-Flood

Sand-Heat

Sandiness

Sandish

Sandix

Sandpiper

Sandstone

Sand-Wort

Sandy

Sane

Sang

Sang Froid

Sangiac

Sanguiferous

Sanguification

Sanguifier

Sanguifluous

Sanguify

Sanguifying

Sanguinary

Sanguinary

Sanguine

Sanguine

Sanguine

Sanguineless

Sanguinely

Sanguineness

Sanguineous

Sanguinity

Sanguisuge

Sanhedrim

Sanicle

Sanidium

Sanies

Sanious

Sanity

Sank

Sannah

Sans

Sanscrit

Santer

Santon

Sap

Sap

Sap

Sap

Sapajo

Sap-Color

Sapid

Sapidity

Sapience

Sapient

Sapiential

Sapless

Sapling

Saponaceous

Saponary

Saponification

Saponify

Saponule

Sapor

Saporific

Saporosity

Saporous

Sapota

Sappadillo-Tree

Sappare

Sapped

Sapper

Sapphic

Sapphire

Sapphirine

Sappiness

Sappy

Sappy

Saraband

Saracenic

Saragoy

Sarcasm

Sarcastic

Sarcastically

Sarcenet

Sarcocele

Sarcocol

Sarcolite

Sarcological

Sarcology

Sarcoma

Sarcophagous

Sarcophagus

Sarcophagy

Sarcotic

Sarcotic

Sardachate

Sardan

Sarde

Sardel

Sardonian

Sardonic

Sardonyx

Sargus

Sark

Sarlac

Sarmatian

Sarmentous

Saronic

Sarplar

Sarplier

Sarasin

Sarsa

Sarse

Sarse

Sart

Sash

Sashoon

Sassafras

Sasse

Sassolin

Sassorol

Sastra

Sat

Satan

Satanic

Satanically

Satanism

Satanist

Satchel

Sate

Sated

Sateless

Satellite

Satellitious

Satiate

Satiate

Satiation

Satiety

Satin

Satinet

Satin-Flower

Satin-Spar

Satire

Satiric

Satirically

Satirist

Satirize

Satirized

Satirizing

Satisfaction

Satisfactive

Satisfactorily

Satisfactoriness

Satisfactory

Satisfied

Satisfier

Satisfy

Satisfy

Satisfying

Sative

Satrap

Satrapal

Satrapess

Satrapy

Saturable

Saturant

Saturant

Saturate

Saturated

Saturating

Saturation

Saturday

Saturity

Saturn

Saturnalian

Saturnian

Saturnine

Saturnist

Saturnite

Satyr

Satyriasis

Satyrion

Sauce

Sauce

Sauce-Box

Sauce-Pan

Saucer

Saucily

Sauciness

Saucisse

Saucy

Saul

Saunders

Saunter

Saunterer

Sauntering

Saurian

Sausage

Saussurite

Savable

Savableness

Savage

Savage

Savage

Savagely

Savageness

Savagery

Savagism

Savanna

Save

Save

Saveall

Saved

Savelin

Saver

Savin

Saving

Saving

Savingly

Savingness

Savings-Bank

Savior

Savor

Savor

Savor

Savorily

Savoriness

Savorless

Savorly

Savorly

Savory

Savory

Savoy

Saw

Saw

Saw

Saw

Saw-Dust

Sawed

Sawer

Saw-Fish

Saw-Fly

Saw-Pit

Saw-Wort

Saw-Wrest

Sawyer

Saxifrage

Saxifragous

Saxon

Saxon

Saxonism

Saxonist

Say

Say

Say

Say

Say

Saying

Saying

Scab

Scabbard

Scabbard

Scabbed

Scabbedness

Scabbiness

Scabby

Scabious

Scabious

Scabredity

Scabrous

Scabrousness

Scabwort

Scad

Scaffold

Scaffold

Scaffoldage

Scaffolding

Scalable

Scalade

Scalary

Scald

Scald

Scald

Scald

Scald

Scalded

Scalder

Scaldhead

Scaldic

Scalding

Scalding-Hot

Scale

Scale

Scale

Scaled

Scaleless

Scalene

Scalene

Scaliness

Scaling

Scaling-Ladder

Scall

Scallion

Scallop

Scallop

Scalp

Scalp

Scalped

Scalpel

Scalper

Scalping

Scaly

Scamble

Scamble

Scambler

Scambling

Scamblingly

Scammel

Scammoniate

Scammony

Scamper

Scampering

Scan

Scandal

Scandal

Scandalize

Scandalized

Scandalizing

Scandalous

Scandalously

Scandalousness

Scandent

Scanned

Scanning

Scansion

Scant

Scant

Scant

Scant

Scantily

Scantiness

Scantle

Scantle

Scantlet

Scantling

Scantling

Scantly

Scantness

Scanty

Scapaism

Scape

Scape

Scape

Scape-Goat

Scapeless

Scapement

Scaphite

Scapolite

Scapula

Scapular

Scapular

Scapular

Scar

Scar

Scarab

Scaramouch

Scarce

Scarce

Scarceness

Scare

Scarecrow

Scared

Scarefire

Scarf

Scarf

Scarf

Scarfskin

Scarification

Scarificator

Scarifier

Scarify

Scarifying

Scarious

Scarlatina

Scarlatinous

Scarlet

Scarlet

Scarlet-Bean

Scarlet-Fever

Scarlet-Oak

Scarmage

Scarn

Scarn-Bee

Scarp

Scarp

Scarus

Scary

Scatch

Scatches

Scate

Scate

Scate

Scatebrous

Scath

Scath

Scathful

Scathless

Scatter

Scatter

Scattered

Scatteredly

Scattering

Scatteringly

Scatterling

Scaturient

Scaturiginous

Scaup

Scavage

Scavenger

Scelerat

Scene

Scenery

Scenic

Scenographic

Scenographically

Scenography

Scent

Scent

Scentful

Scentless

Scepter

Scepter

Sceptered

Sceptic

Sceptic

Sceptically

Scepticism

Scepticize

Schaalstein

Schedule

Scheelin

Schematism

Schematist

Scheme

Scheme

Scheme

Schemer

Scheming

Schemist

Schene

Schesis

Schiller-Spar

Schism

Schismatic

Schismatic

Schismatically

Schismaticalness

Schismatize

Schismless

Schist

Scholar

Scholarity

Scholar-Like

Scholarship

Scholastic

Scholastic

Scholastically

Scholasticism

Scholiast

Scholiaze

Scholical

Scholium

Scholy

Scholy

School

School

School-Boy

School-Dame

School-Day

School-District

Schoolery

School-Fellow

School-House

Schooling

Schooling

Sch?Olmaid

Schoolman

Schoolmaster

Schoolmistress

Schooner

Schorl

Sciagraphical

Sciagraphy

Sciatheric

Sciatherically

Sciatic

Sciatic

Science

Scient

Sciential

Scientific

Scientifically

Scillitin

Scimitar

Scink

Scintillant

Scintillate

Scintillating

Scintillation

Sciolism

Sciolist

Sciolous

Sciomachy

Scion

Scioptic

Scioptic

Scioptics

Scire Facias

Sciroc

Scirrosity

Scirrous

Scirrus

Sciscitation

Scissible

Scissile

Scission

Scissors

Scissure

Scitamineous

Sclavonian

Sclerotic

Sclerotic

Scoat

Scobiform

Scobs

Scoff

Scoff

Scoff

Scoffer

Scoffing

Scoffingly

Scold

Scold

Scold

Scolder

Scolding

Scolding

Scoldingly

Scollop

Scollop

Scolopendra

Scomm

Sconce

Sconce

Sconce

Scoop

Scoop

Scooped

Scooper

Scooping

Scoop-Net

Scope

Scopiform

Scoppet

Scoptical

Scopulous

Scorbute

Scorbutic

Scorbutically

Scorce

Scorch

Scorch

Scorched

Scorching

Scorching-Fennel

Scordium

Score

Score

Scored

Scoria

Scoriaceous

Scorification

Scorified

Scoriform

Scorify

Scorifying

Scoring

Scorious

Scorn

Scorn

Scorn

Scorned

Scorner

Scornful

Scornfully

Scornfulness

Scorning

Scorning

Scorpion

Scorpion-Fly

Scorpion-Grass

Scorpion-Senna

Scorpions-Thorn

Scorpion-Wort

Scorse

Scorse

Scorse

Scortatory

Scorza

Scot

Scot

Scot

Scotal

Scotch

Scotch

Scotch

Scotch

Scotch-Collops

Scotch-Hopper

Scoter

Scotfree

Scotia

Scotish

Scotist

Scotomy

Scottering

Scotticism

Scottish

Scoundrel

Scoundrel

Scoundrelism

Scour

Scour

Scoured

Scourer

Scourge

Scourge

Scourged

Scourger

Scourging

Scouring

Scouring

Scourse

Scout

Scout

Scout

Scovel

Scow

Scow

Scowl

Scowl

Scowl

Scowling

Scowlingly

Scrabble

Scrabble

Scrabbling

Scrag

Scragged

Scraggedness

Scraggily

Scramble

Scramble

Scrambler

Scrambling

Scrambling

Scranch

Scrannel

Scrap

Scrape

Scrape

Scrape

Scraped

Scraper

Scraping

Scrat

Scrat

Scrat

Scratch

Scratch

Scratch

Scratched

Scratcher

Scratches

Scratching

Scratchingly

Scraw

Scrawl

Scrawl

Scrawl

Scrawler

Scray

Screable

Screak

Screak

Scream

Scream

Screamer

Screaming

Screaming

Screech

Screech

Screeching

Screech-Owl

Screed

Screen

Screen

Screened

Screening

Screw

Screw

Screwed

Screwer

Screwing

Screw-Tree

Scribble

Scribble

Scribble

Scribbled

Scribbler

Scribe

Scribe

Scrimer

Scrimp

Scrimp

Scrimp

Scrine

Scringe

Scrip

Scrip

Scrippage

Script

Scriptory

Scriptural

Scripturalist

Scripture

Scripturist

Scrivener

Scrofula

Scrofulous

Scroll

Scrotum

Scroyle

Scrub

Scrub

Scrub

Scrubbed

Scruf

Scruple

Scruple

Scruple

Scrupled

Scrupler

Scrupling

Scrupulosity

Scrupulous

Scrupulously

Scrupulousness

Scrutable

Scrutation

Scrutator

Scrutinize

Scrutinized

Scrutinizing

Scrutinizer

Scrutinous

Scrutiny

Scrutoir

Scruze

Scud

Scud

Scudding

Scuddle

Scuffle

Scuffle

Scuffler

Scuffling

Scug

Sculk

Sculker

Sculking

Scull

Scull

Scull-Cap

Sculler

Scullery

Scullion

Scullionly

Sculp

Sculptile

Sculptor

Sculpture

Sculpture

Sculptured

Sculpturing

Scum

Scum

Scumber

Scummed

Scummer

Scumming

Scummings

Scupper

Scupper-Hose

Scupper-Nail

Scupper-Plug

Scurf

Scurff

Scurfiness

Scurfy

Scurril

Scurrility

Scurrilous

Scurrilously

Scurrilousness

Scurvily

Scurviness

Scurvogel

Scurvy

Scurvy

Scurvy-Grass

Scuses

Scut

Scutage

Scutcheon

Scute

Scutellated

Scutiform

Scuttle

Scuttle

Scuttle

Scuttle

Scuttle-Butt

Scuttled

Scuttle-Fish

Scuttling

Scytale

Scythe

Scythian

Scythian

Sdain

Sdeinful

Sea

Sea-Anemony

Sea-Ape

Sea-Bank

Sea-Bar

Sea-Bat

Sea-Bathed

Sea-Bear

Sea-Beard

Sea-Beast

Sea-Beat

Seaboard

Seaboard

Sea-Boat

Sea-Bord

Sea-Born

Sea-Bound

Sea-Boy

Sea-Breach

Sea-Bream

Sea-Breeze

Sea-Built

Sea-Cabbage

Sea-Calf

Sea-Cap

Sea-Card

Sea-Carp

Sea-Change

Sea-Chart

Sea-Circled

Sea-Coal

Sea-Coast

Sea-Cob

Sea-Colewort

Sea-Compass

Sea-Coot

Sea-Cormorant

Sea-Cow

Sea-Crow

Sea-Devil

Sea-Dog

Sea-Dragon

Sea-Ear

Sea-Eel

Sea-Encircled

Sea-Farer

Sea-Faring

Sea-Fennel

Sea-Fight

Sea-Fish

Sea-Fowl

Sea-Fox

Sea-Gage

Sea-Garland

Sea-Girdles

Sea-Girt

Sea-God

Sea-Gown

Sea-Grass

Sea-Green

Sea-Green

Sea-Gull

Sea-Hare

Sea-Hedgehog

Sea-Hen

Sea-Hog

Sea-Holly

Sea-Holm

Sea-Horse

Sea-Legs

Sea-Lemon

Sea-Like

Sea-Lion

Sea-Maid

Sea-Mall

Seaman

Seamanship

Sea-Mark

Sea-Mew

Sea-Monster

Sea-Moss

Sea-Mouse

Sea-Navelwort

Sea-Needle

Sea-Nettle

Sea-Nursed

Sea-Nymph

Sea-Onion

Sea-Ooze

Sea-Otter

Sea-Owl

Sea-Pad

Sea-Panther

Sea-Pheasant

Sea-Pie

Sea-Pie

Sea-Piece

Sea-Plant

Sea-Pool

Seaport

Sea-Resembling

Sea-Risk

Sea-Robber

Sea-Rocket

Sea-Room

Sea-Rover

Sea-Ruff

Sea-Scorpion

Sea-Serpent

Sea-Service

Sea-Shark

Sea-Shell

Sea-Shore

Sea-Sick

Sea-Sickness

Sea-Side

Sea-Star

Sea-Surgeon

Sea-Surrounded

Sea-Term

Sea-Thief

Sea-Toad

Sea-Torn

Sea-Tossed

Sea-Urchin

Sea-Walled

Seaward

Seaward

Sea-Water

Sea-Weed

Sea-Withwind

Sea-Wolf

Sea-Wormwood

Seaworthy

Seal

Seal

Seal

Seal

Sealed

Sealer

Sealing

Sealing

Sealing-Voyage

Sealing-Wax

Seam

Seam

Seam

Seaman

Seamed

Seaming

Seamless

Seam-Rent

Seamster

Seamstress

Seamy

Sean

Seapoy

Sear

Sear

Searce

Searce

Searcer

Search

Search

Search

Searchable

Searched

Searcher

Searching

Searching

Searchless

Sear-Cloth

Seared

Searedness

Season

Season

Season

Seasonable

Seasonableness

Seasonably

Seasonage

Seasoned

Seasoner

Seasoning

Seasoning

Seat

Seat

Seat

Seated

Seating

Seaves

Seavy

Sebaceous

Sebacic

Sebate

Sebesten

Secant

Secant

Secede

Seceder

Seceding

Secern

Secerned

Secernent

Secerning

Secession

Secle

Seclude

Secluded

Secluding

Seclusion

Seclusive

Second

Second

Second

Secondarily

Secondariness

Secondary

Secondary

Seconded

Seconder

Second-Hand

Second-Hand

Secondly

Second-Rate

Second-Rate

Second-Sight

Second-Sighted

Secrecy

Secret

Secret

Secret

Secretariship

Secretary

Secrete

Secreted

Secreting

Secretion

Secretist

Secretitious

Secretly

Secretness

Secretory

Sect

Sectarian

Sectarian

Sectarianism

Sectarism

Sectarist

Sectary

Sectator

Sectile

Section

Sectional

Sector

Secular

Secular

Secularity

Secularization

Secularize

Secularized

Secularizing

Secularly

Secularness

Secundine

Secure

Secure

Secured

Securely

Securement

Secureness

Securer

Securiform

Security

Sedan

Sedate

Sedately

Sedateness

Sedation

Sedative

Sedative

Sedentarily

Sedentariness

Sedentary

Sedge

Sedged

Sedgy

Sediment

Sedition

Seditionary

Seditious

Seditiously

Seditiousness

Seduce

Seduced

Seducement

Seducer

Seducible

Seducing

Seduction

Seductive

Sedulity

Sedulous

Sedulously

Sedulousness

See

See

See

Seed

Seed

Seed

Seed-Bud

Seed-Cake

Seed-Coat

Seed-Leaf

Seedling

Seed-Lip

Seed-Lobe

Seedness

Seed-Pearl

Seed-Plat

Seedsman

Seed-Time

Seed-Vessel

Seedy

Seeing

Seek

Seek

Seeker

Seek-Sorrow

Seel

Seel

Seel

Seel

Seelily

Seely

Seem

Seem

Seemer

Seeming

Seeming

Seemingly

Seemingness

Seemless

Seemliness

Seemly

Seemly

Seemlyhed

Seen

Seer

Seer-Wood

See-Saw

See-Saw

Seethe

Seethe

Seethed

Seether

Seething

Seg

Seghol

Segholate

Segment

Segnity

Segregate

Segregate

Segregated

Segregating

Segregation

Seigneurial

Seignior

Seigniorage

Seigniorial

Seigniorize

Seigniory

Sein

Seiner

Seity

Seizable

Seize

Seized

Seizer

Seizin

Seizing

Seizing

Seizor

Seizure

Sejant

Sejugous

Sejunction

Sejungible

Seke

Selcouth

Seldom

Seldom

Seldomness

Seldshown

Select

Select

Selected

Selectedly

Selecting

Selection

Selective

Selectman

Selectness

Selector

Seleniate

Selenic

Selenite

Selenitic

Selenium

Seleniuret

Selenographic

Selenography

Self

Self-Abased

Self-Abasement

Self-Abasing

Self-Abuse

Self-Accusing

Self-Activity

Self-Admiration

Self-Admiring

Self-Affairs

Self-Affrighted

Self-Applause

Self-Approving

Self-Assumed

Self-Banished

Self-Begotten

Self-Born

Self-Centered

Self-Charity

Self-Communicative

Self-Conceit

Self-Conceited

Self-Conceitedness

Self-Confidence

Self-Confident

Self-Confiding

Self-Conscious

Self-Consciousness

Self-Considering

Self-Consuming

Self-Contradiction

Self-Contradictory

Self-Convicted

Self-Conviction

Self-Created

Self-Deceit

Self-Deceived

Self-Deceiving

Self-Deception

Self-Defense

Self-Delusion

Self-Denial

Self-Denying

Self-Dependent

Self-Destruction

Self-Destructive

Self-Determination

Self-Determining

Self-Devoted

Self-Devotement

Self-Devouring

Self-Diffusive

Self-Enjoyment

Self-Esteem

Self-Estimation

Self-Evidence

Self-Evident

Self-Evidently

Self-Exaltation

Self-Exalting

Self-Examination

Self-Excusing

Self-Existence

Self-Existent

Self-Flattering

Self-Flattery

Self-Glorious

Self-Harming

Self-Heal

Self-Healing

Self-Homicide

Self-Idolized

Self-Imparting

Self-Imposture

Self-Interest

Self-Interested

Self-Justifier

Self-Kindled

Self-Knowing

Self-Knowledge

Self-Love

Self-Loving

Self-Metal

Self-Motion

Self-Moved

Self-Moving

Self-Murder

Self-Murderer

Self-Neglecting

Self-Opinion

Self-Opinioned

Self-Partiality

Self-Pleasing

Self-Praise

Self-Preference

Self-Preservation

Self-Repellency

Self-Repelling

Self-Reproved

Self-Reproving

Self-Reproving

Self-Restrained

Self-Restraining

Self-Same

Self-Seeking

Self-Slaughter

Self-Subdued

Self-Subversive

Self-Sufficiency

Self-Sufficient

Self-Tormenter

Self-Tormenting

Self-Valuing

Self-Will

Self-Willed

Self-Wrong

Selfish

Selfishly

Selfishness

Selfness

Sell

Sell

Sell

Sell

Sellander

Seller

Selling

Selvedge

Selvedged

Selves

Semblable

Semblably

Semblance

Semblant

Semblant

Semblative

Semble

Semi

Semi-Acidified

Semi-Amplexicaul

Semi-Annual

Semi-Annually

Semi-Annular

Semi-Aperture

Semi-Arian

Semi-Arian

Semi-Arianism

Semi-Barbarian

Semibreve

Semi-Calcined

Semi-Castrate

Semi-Castration

Semicircle

Semicircled

Semicolon

Semi-Columnar

Semi-Compact

Semi-Crustaceous

Semi-Cylindric

Semi-Deistical

Semi-Diameter

Semi-Diapason

Semi-Diapente

Semi-Diaphaneity

Semi-Diaphanous

Semi-Diatessaron

Semi-Ditone

Semi-Double

Semifloret

Semiflosculous

Semi-Fluid

Semi-Formed

Semi-Indurated

Semi-Lapidified

Semi-Lenticular

Semilunar

Semi-Metal

Semi-Metallic

Seminal

Seminal

Seminality

Seminarist

Seminary

Seminary

Seminate

Semination

Semined

Seminiferous

Seminific

Seminification

Semi-Opake

Semi-Opal

Semi-Orbicular

Semi-Ordinate

Semi-Osseous

Semi-Ovate

Semi-Oxygenated

Semi-Palmate

Semiped

Semipedal

Semi-Pelagian

Semi-Pelagian

Semi-Pelagianism

Semi-Pellucid

Semi-Pellucidity

Semi-Perspicuous

Semi-Phlogisticated

Semi-Primigenous

Semi-Proof

Semi-Protolite

Semi-Quadrate

Semiquaver

Semiquaver

Semi-Quintile

Semi-Savage

Semi-Savage

Semi-Sextile

Semi-Spheric

Semi-Spheroidal

Semitertian

Semitertian

Semitone

Semitonic

Semi-Transept

Semi-Transparent

Semi-Transparency

Semi-Vitreous

Semi-Vitrification

Semi-Vitrified

Semi-Vocal

Semi-Vowel

Sempervirent

Sempervive

Sempiternal

Sempiternity

Semster

Sen

Senary

Senate

Senate-House

Senator

Senatorial

Senatorially

Senatorship

Send

Send

Sendal

Sender

Senega

Senescence

Seneschal

Sengreen

Senile

Senility

Senior

Senior

Seniority

Senna

Sennight

Senocular

Sensated

Sensation

Sense

Sensed

Senseful

Senseless

Senselessly

Senselessness

Sensibility

Sensible

Sensible

Sensibleness

Sensibly

Sensitive

Sensitively

Sensitive-Plant

Sensorial

Sensorium

Sensu

Sensualist

Sensuality

Sensualize

Sensually

Sensuous

Sent

Sentence

Sentence

Sentential

Sententious

Sententiously

Sententiousness

Sentient

Sentient

Sentiment

Sentimental

Sentimentalist

Sentimentality

Sentinel

Sentry

Sentry-Box

Sepal

Separability

Separable

Separableness

Separate

Separate

Separate

Separated

Separately

Separateness

Separating

Separation

Separatist

Separator

Separatory

Separatory

Sepawn

Sepiment

Sepose

Seposition

Sepoy

Seps

Sept

Septangular

Septaria

September

Septempartite

Septenary

Septenary

Septennial

Septentrion

Septentrion

Septentrionality

Septentrionally

Septentrionate

Septfoil

Septic

Septic

Septicity

Septilateral

Septinsular

Septuagenary

Septuagenary

Septuagesima

Septuagesimal

Septuagint

Septuagint

Septuary

Septuple

Sepulcher

Sepulcher

Sepulchral

Sepulture

Sequacious

Sequaciousness

Sequacity

Sequel

Sequence

Sequent

Sequent

Sequester

Sequester

Sequestered

Sequestrable

Sequestrate

Sequestration

Sequestrator

Sequin

Seraglio

Seraph

Seraphic

Seraphim

Seraskier

Serass

Sere

Sere

Serenade

Serenade

Serenade

Serena Gutta

Serenata

Serene

Serene

Serene

Serenely

Sereneness

Serenitude

Serenity

Serf

Serge

Sergeant

Sergeantry

Sergeantship

Serge-Maker

Sericeous

Series

Serin

Serious

Seriously

Seriousness

Sermocination

Sermocinator

Sermon

Sermon

Sermon

Sermoning

Sermonize

Sermonizer

Sermonizing

Sermountain

Seroon

Serosity

Serotine

Serous

Serpent

Serpent-Cucumber

Serpent-Eater

Serpent-Fish

Serpents-Tongue

Serpentaria

Serpentarius

Serpentine

Serpentine

Serpentize

Serpet

Serpiginous

Serpigo

Serpulite

Serr

Serrate

Serration

Serrature

Serrous

Serrulate

Serry

Serum

Serval

Servant

Servant

Serve

Serve

Served

Service

Serviceable

Serviceableness

Servient

Servile

Servilely

Servileness

Serving

Serving-Maid

Serving-Man

Servitor

Servitorship

Servitude

Sesame

Sesban

Seseli

Sesquialter

Sesquiduplicate

Sesquipedal

Sesquiplicate

Sesquitertian

Sesquitone

Sess

Sessile

Session

Sess-Pool

Sesterce

Set

Set

Set

Set

Setaceous

Set-Foil

Setiform

Set-Off

Seton

Setous

Settee

Setter

Setter-Wort

Setting

Setting

Setting-Dog

Settle

Settle

Settle

Settled

Settledness

Settlement

Settling

Settling

Setwall

Seven

Sevenfold

Sevenfold

Sevennight

Sevenscore

Seventeen

Seventeenth

Seventh

Seventh

Seventhly

Seventieth

Seventy

Seventy

Sever

Sever

Several

Several

Severality

Severalize

Severally

Severalty

Severance

Severe

Severely

Severite

Severity

Sevruga

Sew

Sew

Sew

Sew

Sewed

Sewel

Sewer

Sewer

Sewer

Sewing

Sewster

Sex

Sexagenarian

Sexagenary

Sexagesima

Sexagesimal

Sexangled

Sexangularly

Sexdecimal

Sexduodecimal

Sexennial

Sexennially

Sexfid

Sexlocular

Sextain

Sextant

Sextary

Sextary

Sextile

Sexton

Sextonship

Sextuple

Sexual

Sexualist

Sexuality

Shab

Shabbily

Shabbiness

Shabby

Shack

Shack

Shackle

Shackle

Shackle

Shackled

Shackling

Shad

Shaddock

Shade

Shade

Shaded

Shader

Shadiness

Shading

Shadow

Shadow

Shadowed

Shadow-Grass

Shadowing

Shadowing

Shadowy

Shady

Shaffle

Shaffler

Shaft

Shafted

Shaftment

Shag

Shag

Shag

Shagged

Shaggedness

Shagreen

Shagreen

Shagreen

Shah

Shaik

Shail

Shake

Shake

Shake

Shaken

Shaker

Shaking

Shaking

Shaky

Shal

Shale

Shale

Shalloon

Shallop

Shallow

Shallow

Shallow

Shallow-Brained

Shallowly

Shallowness

Shalm

Shalote

Shalstone

Shalt

Sham

Sham

Sham

Sham

Shaman

Shambles

Shambling

Shambling

Shame

Shame

Shame

Shamed

Shamefaced

Shamefacedly

Shamefacedness

Shameful

Shamefully

Shamefulness

Shameless

Shamelessly

Shamelessness

Shamer

Shaming

Shammer

Shamois

Shamrock

Shank

Shanked

Shanker

Shank-Painter

Shanscrit

Shanty

Shape

Shape

Shape

Shaped

Shapeless

Shapelessness

Shapeliness

Shapely

Shapesmith

Shaping

Shard

Shardborn

Sharded

Share

Share

Share

Share-Bone

Shared

Shareholder

Sharer

Sharing

Sharing

Shark

Shark

Shark

Sharker

Sharking

Sharking

Sharp

Sharp

Sharp

Sharp

Sharp-Edged

Sharpen

Sharpen

Sharper

Sharply

Sharpness

Sharp-Set

Sharp-Shooter

Sharp-Sighted

Sharp-Visaged

Sharp-Witted

Shaster

Shatter

Shatter

Shatter-Brained

Shattered

Shattering

Shatters

Shattery

Shave

Shave

Shaved

Shave-Grass

Shaveling

Shaver

Shaver

Shaving

Shaving

Shaw

Shaw-Fowl

Shawl

Shawm

She

Sheading

Sheaf

Sheaf

Sheal

Shear

Shear

Shearbill

Sheard

Sheared

Shearer

Shearman

Shears

Shear-Water

Sheat

Sheat-Fish

Sheath

Sheath

Sheathed

Sheathing

Sheathing

Sheathless

Sheath-Winged

Sheathy

Sheave

Sheave

Sheaved

Sheave-Hole

Shecklaton

Shed

Shed

Shed

Shed

Shedder

Shedding

Sheen

Sheen

Sheep

Sheep-Bite

Sheep-Biter

Sheepcot

Sheepfold

Sheephook

Sheepish

Sheepishly

Sheepishness

Sheep-Market

Sheep-Master

Sheeps-Eye

Sheep-Shank

Sheeps-Head

Sheep-Shearer

Sheep-Shearing

Sheep-Skin

Sheep-Stealer

Sheep-Stealing

Sheep-Walk

Sheer

Sheer

Sheer

Sheer

Sheer

Sheer-Hulk

Sheerly

Sheers

Sheet

Sheet

Sheet

Sheet-Anchor

Sheet-Copper

Sheeting

Sheet-Iron

Sheet-Lead

Sheik

Shekel

Sheldafle

Sheldrake

Shelduck

Shelf

Shelfy

Shell

Shell

Shell

Shelled

Shell-Fish

Shelling

Shell-Meat

Shell-Work

Shelly

Shelter

Shelter

Shelter

Sheltered

Sheltering

Shelterless

Sheltery

Sheltie

Shelve

Shelve

Shelving

Shelvy

Shemitic

Shend

Shent

Shepherd

Shepherdess

Shepherdish

Shepherdly

Shepherds Needle

Shepherds Pouch

Shepherds Rod

Shepherds Staff

Sherbet

Sherd

Sherif

Sherifalty

Sherriffe

Sherry

Shew-Bread

Shewer

Shewing

Shibboleth

Shide

Shield

Shield

Shielded

Shielding

Shift

Shift

Shift

Shifted

Shifter

Shifting

Shiftingly

Shiftless

Shilf

Shill

Shill

Shilling

Shilly-Shally

Shily

Shimmer

Shin

Shine

Shine

Shiness

Shingle

Shingle

Shingled

Shingling

Shining

Shining

Shiny

Ship

Ship

Ship

Ship

Ship-Builder

Ship-Building

Shipboard

Ship-Boy

Ship-Carpenter

Ship-Chandler

Ship-Holder

Shipless

Shipman

Shipmaster

Shipment

Ship-Money

Shipped

Shippen

Shipping

Shipping

Ship-Shape

Shipwreck

Shipwreck

Shipwrecked

Shipwright

Shire

Shire-Mote

Shirk

Shirl

Shirley

Shirt

Shirt

Shirtless

Shist

Shistic

Shittah

Shittle

Shittle-Cock

Shittleness

Shive

Shiver

Shiver

Shiver

Shiver

Shivered

Shivering

Shivering

Shiver-Spar

Shivery

Shoad

Shoad-Stone

Shoal

Shoal

Shoal

Shoaliness

Shoaly

Shock

Shock

Shock

Shocked

Shocking

Shockingly

Shod

Shoe

Shoe

Shoeblack

Shoeboy

Shoebuckle

Shoeing

Shoeing-Horn

Shoe-Leather

Shoeless

Shoemaker

Shoer

Shoestring

Shoetye

Shog

Shog

Shog

Shogging

Shoggle

Shole

Shone

Shook

Shoon

Shoot

Shoot

Shoot

Shooter

Shooting

Shooting

Shop

Shop

Shopboard

Shopbook

Shopkeeper

Shoplifter

Shoplifting

Shoplike

Shopman

Shopping

Shore

Shore

Shore

Shore

Shore

Shored

Shoreless

Shoreling

Shorl

Shorlaceous

Shorlite

Shorn

Short

Short

Short

Short

Short-Breathed

Short-Dated

Shorten

Shorten

Shortened

Shortening

Shortening

Short-Hand

Short-Jointed

Short-Lived

Shortly

Shortner

Shortness

Short-Rib

Shorts

Short-Sight

Short-Sighted

Short-Sightedness

Short-Waisted

Short-Winded

Short-Winged

Short-Witted

Shory

Shot

Shot

Shote

Shot-Free

Shotten

Shough

Should

Shoulder

Shoulder

Shoulder-Belt

Shoulder-Blade

Shoulder-Clapper

Shoulder-Knot

Shoulder-Shotten

Shoulder-Slip

Shout

Shout

Shout

Shouter

Shouting

Shouting

Shove

Shove

Shove

Shoved

Shovel

Shovel

Shovel-Board

Shoveled

Shoveler

Shoveling

Show

Show

Show

Show-Bread

Shower

Shower

Shower

Shower

Showered

Showerless

Showery

Showily

Showiness

Showish

Shown

Showy

Shrag

Shrag

Shragger

Shrank

Shrap

Shred

Shred

Shredding

Shredding

Shrew

Shrew

Shrewd

Shrewdly

Shrewdness

Shrewish

Shrewishly

Shrewishness

Shrew-Mouse

Shriek

Shriek

Shrieking

Shrieval

Shrievalty

Shrieve

Shrift

Shright

Shright

Shrike

Shrill

Shrill

Shrill

Shrillness

Shrilly

Shrimp

Shrimp

Shrine

Shrink

Shrink

Shrink

Shrinkage

Shrinker

Shrinking

Shrivalty

Shrive

Shrivel

Shrivel

Shriveled

Shriveling

Shriver

Shriving

Shroud

Shroud

Shroud

Shrouded

Shrouding

Shroudy

Shrove

Shrove-Tide

Shroving

Shrub

Shrub

Shrub

Shrubbery

Shrubby

Shruff

Shrug

Shrug

Shrug

Shrugging

Shrunk

Shrunken

Shudder

Shudder

Shuddering

Shuffle

Shuffle

Shuffle

Shuffle-Board

Shuffle-Cap

Shuffled

Shuffler

Shuffling

Shuffling

Shufflingly

Shun

Shunless

Shunned

Shunning

Shurk

Shut

Shut

Shut

Shut

Shutter

Shutting

Shuttle

Shuttle-Cock

Shy

Shyly

Shyness

Sialogogue

Sib

Siberian

Siberite

Sibilant

Sibilant

Sibilation

Sibyl

Sibylline

Sicamore

Siccate

Siccation

Siccative

Siccative

Siccity

Sice

Sich

Sick

Sick

Sick-Birth

Sicken

Sicken

Sicker

Sicker

Sickerly

Sickerness

Sickish

Sickishness

Sickle

Sickled

Sickleman

Sickle-Wort

Sickliness

Sick-List

Sickly

Sickly

Sickness

Side

Side

Side

Side

Sideboard

Side-Box

Side-Fly

Sideling

Sidelong

Sidelong

Sider

Sideral

Siderated

Sideration

Siderite

Siderocalcite

Sideroclepte

Siderographic

Siderographist

Siderography

Side-Saddle

Side-Saddle Flower

Sidesman

Sidetaking

Sideways

Siding

Siding

Sidle

Siege

Siege

Sienite

Sieur

Sieve

Sift

Sifted

Sifter

Sifting

Sig

Sigh

Sigh

Sigh

Sigher

Sighing

Sighing

Sight

Sighted

Sightfulness

Sightless

Sightliness

Sightly

Sightsman

Sigil

Sigmoidal

Sign

Sign

Sign

Signal

Signal

Signality

Signalize

Signalized

Signalizing

Signally

Signation

Signatory

Signature

Signature

Signaturist

Signer

Signet

Significance

Significant

Significantly

Signification

Significative

Significatively

Significator

Significatory

Signify

Signify

Signior

Signiorize

Signiory

Sign-Post

Sik

Siker

Sikerness

Silence

Silence

Silent

Silentiary

Silently

Silentness

Silesia

Silesian

Silex

Silice

Silicicalcarious

Silicicalce

Siliciferous

Silicify

Silicify

Silicimurite

Silicious

Silicited

Silicium

Siliculous

Siling-Dish

Siliqua

Siliqua

Siliquose

Silk

Silk

Silk Cotton-Tree

Silken

Silken

Silkiness

Silkman

Silk-Mercer

Silk-Weaver

Silk-Worm

Silky

Sill

Sillabub

Sillily

Sillimanite

Silliness

Silly

Sillyhow

Silt

Silure

Silvan

Silvan

Silver

Silver

Silver

Silver-Beater

Silver-Bush

Silvered

Silver-Fir

Silver-Fish

Silvering

Silvering

Silverling

Silverly

Silversmith

Silver-Thistle

Silver-Tree

Silver-Weed

Silvery

Simagre

Simar

Similar

Similarity

Similarly

Simile

Similitude

Similitudinary

Similor

Simitar

Simmer

Simmering

Simnel

Simoniac

Simoniacal

Simoniacally

Simonious

Simony

Simoom

Simous

Simper

Simper

Simpering

Simpering

Simperingly

Simple

Simple

Simple

Simple-Minded

Simpleness

Simpler

Simpless

Simpleton

Simplician

Simplicity

Simplification

Simplified

Simplify

Simplifying

Simplist

Simploce

Simply

Simulacher

Simular

Simulate

Simulate

Simulated

Simulating

Simulation

Simultaneous

Simultaneously

Simultaneousness

Simulty

Sin

Sin

Sin

Sinapism

Since

Sincere

Sincerely

Sincereness

Sincerity

Sinciput

Sindon

Sine

Sinecure

Sinepite

Sinew

Sinew

Sinewed

Sinewless

Sinew-Shrunk

Sinewy

Sinful

Sinfully

Sinfulness

Sing

Sing

Singe

Singe

Singed

Singeing

Singer

Singing

Singing

Singing-Book

Singingly

Singing-Man

Singing-Master

Singing-Woman

Single

Single

Singled

Singleness

Singly

Singular

Singular

Singularity

Singularize

Singularly

Singult

Sinical

Sinister

Sinister-Handed

Sinisterly

Sinistrorsal

Sinistrous

Sinistrously

Sink

Sink

Sink

Sinking

Sinless

Sinlessness

Sinner

Sinner

Sin-Offering

Sinoper

Sinter

Sinuate

Sinuate

Sinuation

Sinuosity

Sinuous

Sinus

Sip

Sip

Sip

Sipe

Siphilis

Siphilitic

Siphon

Siphunculated

Sipped

Sipper

Sippet

Si Quis

Sir

Sire

Sire

Sired

Siren

Siren

Siriasis

Sirius

Sirloin

Sirname

Siro

Sirocco

Sirrah

Sirt

Sirup

Siruped

Sirupy

Sise

Siskin

Siss

Sister

Sister

Sister

Sisterhood

Sister-in-Law

Sisterly

Sit

Sit

Site

Sited

Sitfast

Sith

Sithe

Sithe

Sithence

Sitter

Sitting

Sitting

Situate

Situated

Situation

Sivan

Six

Six

Sixfold

Sixpence

Six-Penny

Six-Petaled

Sixscore

Sixteen

Sixteenth

Sixth

Sixth

Sixthly

Sixtieth

Sixty

Sixty

Sizable

Size

Size

Size

Sized

Sizel

Sizer

Siziness

Sizy

Skaddle

Skaddle

Skaddons

Skain

Skainsmate

Skald

Skate

Skate

Skate

Skater

Skean

Skeed

Skeel

Skeet

Skeg

Skegger

Skeleton

Skellum

Skep

Skeptic

Sketch

Sketch

Sketched

Sketching

Skew

Skew

Skew

Skewer

Skewer

Skid

Skiff

Skiff

Skill

Skill

Skill

Skilled

Skilless

Skillet

Skillful

Skillfully

Skillfulness

Skilling

Skilt

Skim

Skim

Skim

Skimble-Scamble

Skim-Coulter

Skimmed

Skimmer

Skim-Milk

Skimmings

Skin

Skin

Skin

Skindeep

Skinflint

Skink

Skink

Skinker

Skinless

Skinned

Skinner

Skinniness

Skinny

Skip

Skip

Skip

Skip-Jack

Skip-Kennel

Skipper

Skippet

Skipping

Skippingly

Skirmish

Skirmish

Skirmisher

Skirmishing

Skirmishing

Skirr

Skirr

Skirret

Skirrus

Skirt

Skirt

Skirt

Skirted

Skirting

Skit

Skit

Skittish

Skittishly

Skittishness

Skittles

Skolezite

Skonce

Skoradite

Skreen

Skringe

Skue

Skug

Skulk

Skull

Skull-Cap

Skunk

Skunkcabbage

Skute

Sky

Sky-Color

Sky-Colored

Sky-Dyed

Skyey

Skyish

Sky-Lark

Sky-Light

Sky-Rocket

Slab

Slab

Slabber

Slabber

Slabberer

Slabbering

Slabby

Slab-Line

Slack

Slack

Slack

Slack

Slack

Slack

Slack

Slacken

Slackly

Slackness

Slade

Slag

Slaie

Slain

Slake

Slake

Slam

Slam

Slamkin

Slander

Slander

Slandered

Slanderer

Slandering

Slanderous

Slanderously

Slanderousness

Slang

Slang

Slank

Slant

Slant

Slant

Slantingly

Slantly

Slap

Slap

Slap

Slapdash

Slape

Slapper

Slash

Slash

Slash

Slashed

Slashing

Slat

Slatch

Slate

Slate

Slate

Slate-Ax

Slated

Slater

Slating

Slatter

Slattern

Slattern

Slatternly

Slaty

Slaughter

Slaughter

Slaughtered

Slaughter-House

Slaughtering

Slaughter-Man

Slaughterous

Slave

Slave

Slaveborn

Slavelike

Slaver

Slaver

Slaver

Slavered

Slaverer

Slavering

Slavery

Slave-Trade

Slavish

Slavishly

Slavishness

Slavonic

Slavonic

Slay

Slayer

Slaying

Sleave

Sleave

Sleaved

Sleazy

Sled

Sled

Sledded

Sledding

Sledding

Sledge

Sleek

Sleek

Sleek

Sleek

Sleekly

Sleekness

Sleekstone

Sleeky

Sleep

Sleep

Sleeper

Sleepful

Sleepfulness

Sleepily

Sleepiness

Sleeping

Sleeping

Sleepless

Sleeplessness

Sleepy

Sleet

Sleet

Sleety

Sleeve

Sleeve

Sleeve-Button

Sleeved

Sleeveless

Sleid

Sleigh

Sleight

Sleightful

Slender

Slenderly

Slenderness

Slent

Slept

Slew

Sley

Sley

Slice

Slice

Sliced

Slich

Slicing

Slick

Slickensides

Slid

Slid

Slidder

Slidder

Slide

Slide

Slide

Slider

Sliding

Sliding

Sliding-Rule

Slight

Slight

Slight

Slighted

Slighten

Slighter

Slighting

Slightingly

Slightly

Slightness

Slighty

Slily

Slim

Slime

Slime-Pit

Sliminess

Slimy

Sliness

Sling

Sling

Slinger

Slinging

Slink

Slink

Slink

Slip

Slip

Slip

Slip-Board

Slip-Knot

Slipper

Slipper

Slippered

Slipperily

Slipperiness

Slippery

Slippy

Slipshod

Slipstring

Slit

Slit

Slitter

Slitting

Slitting-Mill

Slive

Sliver

Sliver

Sloat

Slobber

Slock

Sloe

Sloom

Sloomy

Sloop

Slop

Slop

Slop

Slopseller

Slopshop

Slope

Slope

Slope

Slope

Slopeness

Slopewise

Sloping

Slopingly

Sloppiness

Sloppy

Slot

Slot

Slot

Sloth

Sloth

Slothful

Slothfully

Slothfulness

Slottery

Slouch

Slouch

Slouch

Slouching

Slough

Slough

Sloughy

Sloven

Slovenliness

Slovenly

Slovenly

Slovenry

Slow

Slow

Slow

Slow

Slowback

Slowly

Slowness

Slow-Worm

Slow-Worm

Slubber

Slubberingly

Sludge

Sluds

Slue

Slug

Slug

Slug

Slugabed

Sluggard

Sluggard

Sluggardize

Sluggish

Sluggishly

Sluggishness

Sluggy

Sluice

Sluice

Sluicy

Slumber

Slumber

Slumber

Slumberer

Slumbering

Slumberous

Slump

Slung

Slunk

Slur

Slur

Sluse

Slush

Slut

Sluttery

Sluttish

Sluttishly

Sluttishness

Sly

Sly-Boots

Slyly

Smack

Smack

Smack

Small

Small

Small

Smallage

Small-Beer

Small-Coal

Small-Craft

Smallish

Smallness

Small-Pox

Smally

Smalt

Smaragd

Smaragdine

Smaragdite

Smaris

Smart

Smart

Smart

Smart

Smarten

Smartle

Smartly

Smartness

Smart-Weed

Smash

Smatch

Smatter

Smatter

Smatterer

Smattering

Smear

Smear

Smeared

Smearing

Smeary

Smeath

Smectite

Smeeth

Smegmatic

Smell

Smell

Smell

Smelled

Smeller

Smellfeast

Smelt

Smelt

Smelt

Smelted

Smelter

Smeltery

Smelting

Smelting

Smerk

Smerk

Smerk

Smerlin

Smew

Smicker

Smickering

Smickering

Smicket

Smiddy

Smight

Smile

Smile

Smile

Smiler

Smiling

Smilingly

Smilt

Smirch

Smirk

Smit

Smite

Smite

Smite

Smiter

Smith

Smith

Smithcraft

Smithery

Smithing

Smithy

Smitt

Smitten

Smittle

Smock

Smock-Faced

Smock-Frock

Smockless

Smoke

Smoke

Smoke

Smoked

Smokedry

Smoke-Jack

Smokeless

Smoker

Smoking

Smoking

Smoky

Smoldering

Smoor

Smooth

Smooth

Smooth

Smoothed

Smoothhen

Smooth-Faced

Smoothly

Smoothness

Smote

Smother

Smother

Smother

Smouch

Smouldering

Smug

Smug

Smuggle

Smuggled

Smuggler

Smuggling

Smuggling

Smugly

Smugness

Smut

Smut

Smut

Smutch

Smuttily

Smuttiness

Smutty

Snack

Snacket

Snacot

Snaffle

Snaffle

Snag

Snagged

Snail

Snail-Claver

Snail-Flower

Snail-Like

Snail-Like

Snake

Snake

Snakeroot

Snakes-Head

Snakeweed

Snakewood

Snaking

Snaky

Snap

Snap

Snap

Snap-Dragon

Snapped

Snapper

Snappish

Snappishly

Snappishness

Snapsack

Snar

Snare

Snare

Snared

Snarer

Snaring

Snarl

Snarl

Snarl

Snarler

Snarling

Snary

Snast

Snatch

Snatch

Snatch

Snatch-Block

Snatched

Snatcher

Snatching

Snatchingly

Snath

Snathe

Snattock

Sneak

Sneak

Sneak

Sneaker

Sneaking

Sneakingly

Sneakingness

Sneakup

Sneap

Sneb

Sneek

Sneed

Sneer

Sneer

Sneerer

Sneerful

Sneering

Sneeringly

Sneeze

Sneeze

Sneeze-Wort

Sneezing

Sneezing

Snell

Snet

Snew

Snib

Snick

Snicker

Sniff

Sniff

Sniff

Snift

Snig

Sniggle

Sniggle

Snip

Snip

Snipe

Snipper

Snippet

Snite

Snite

Snivel

Snivel

Sniveler

Snively

Snod

Snod

Snook

Snore

Snore

Snorer

Snoring

Snort

Snort

Snorter

Snorting

Snorting

Snot

Snot

Snotter

Snotty

Snout

Snout

Snouted

Snouty

Snow

Snow

Snow

Snowball

Snowball Tree

Snow-Bird

Snowbroth

Snow-Crowned

Snowdeep

Snow-Drift

Snow-Drop

Snowless

Snowlike

Snow-Shoe

Snow-Slip

Snow-White

Snowy

Snub

Snub

Snub

Snub-Nose

Snub-Nosed

Snudge

Snudge

Snuff

Snuff

Snuff

Snuffbox

Snuffer

Snuffers

Snuffle

Snuffler

Snuffles

Snuffling

Snufftaker

Snuffy

Snug

Snug

Snuggle

Snugly

Snugness

So

Soak

Soak

Soaked

Soaker

Soaking

Soal

Soap

Soap

Soapberry Tree

Soap-Boiler

Soapstone

Soap-Suds

Soapwort

Soapy

Soar

Soar

Soaring

Soaring

Sob

Sob

Sob

Sobbing

Sober

Sober

Sobered

Soberly

Soberminded

Sobermindedness

Soberness

Sobriety

Soc

Socage

Socager

Sociability

Sociable

Sociableness

Sociably

Social

Sociality

Socially

Socialness

Society

Socinian

Socinian

Socinianism

Sock

Socket

Socket-Chisel

Sockless

Socle

Socman

Socmanry

Socome

Socotorine

Socratic

Socratically

Socratism

Socratist

Sod

Sod

Sod

Sod

Soda

Sodalite

Sodality

Soda-Water

Sodden

Soddy

Soder

Soder

Sodium

Sodomite

Sodomy

Soe

Sofa

Soffit

Soft

Soft

Soft

Soften

Soften

Softened

Softening

Softening

Soft-Hearted

Softling

Softly

Softner

Softness

Soggy

Soho

Soil

Soil

Soiled

Soiliness

Soiling

Soiling

Soilless

Soilure

Sojourn

Sojourn

Sojourner

Sojourning

Sojourning

Sojournment

Sol

Sol

Solace

Solace

Solace

Solaced

Solacing

Solacious

Solander

Solan-Goose

Solano

Solar

Sold

Sold

Soldan

Soldanel

Solder

Solder

Soldier

Soldieress

Soldierlike

Soldiership

Soldiery

Sole

Sole

Sole

Solecism

Solecist

Solecistic

Solecistically

Solecize

Solely

Solemn

Solemness

Solemnity

Solemnization

Solemnize

Solemnly

Soleness

Solenite

Sol-Fa

Solicit

Solicitation

Solicited

Soliciting

Solicitor

Solicitor-General

Solicitous

Solicitously

Solicitress

Solicitude

Solid

Solid

Solidate

Solidification

Solidified

Solidify

Solidifying

Solidity

Solidly

Solidness

Solidungulous

Solifidian

Solifidian

Solifidianism

Soliloquize

Soliloquy

Soliped

Solitair

Solitarian

Solitarily

Solitariness

Solitary

Solitary

Solitude

Solivagant

Sollar

Solmization

Solo

Solomons Leaf

Solomons Seal

Solstice

Solstitial

Solubility

Soluble

Solute

Solute

Solution

Solutive

Solvability

Solvable

Solve

Solved

Solvency

Solvend

Solvent

Solvent

Solvible

Somatic

Somatist

Somatology

Somber

Sombrous

Some

Somebody

Somedeal

Somersault

Somehow

Something

Sometime

Sometimes

Somewhat

Somewhat

Somewhere

Somewhile

Somewhither

Sommite

Somnambulation

Somnambulism

Somnambulist

Somner

Somniferous

Somnific

Somnolence

Somnolent

Son

Sonata

Song

Songish

Songster

Songstress

Son-in-Law

Sonnet

Sonnet

Sonneteer

Sonometer

Sonoriferous

Sonorific

Sonorous

Sonorously

Sonorousness

Sonship

Soon

Soon

Soonly

Sooshong

Soosoo

Soot

Soot

Sooted

Sooterkin

Sooth

Sooth

Soothe

Soothed

Soother

Soothing

Soothingly

Soothly

Soothsay

Soothsayer

Soothsaying

Sootiness

Sootish

Sooty

Sooty

Sop

Sop

Sope

Soph

Sophi

Sophical

Sophism

Sophist

Sophister

Sophister

Sophistic

Sophistically

Sophisticate

Sophisticate

Sophistication

Sophisticator

Sophistry

Sophomore

Sopite

Sopition

Soporate

Soporiferous

Soporiferousness

Soporific

Soporific

Soporous

Sopped

Sopper

Sorb

Sorbate

Sorbent

Sorbic

Sorbile

Sorbition

Sorbonical

Sorbonist

Sorcerer

Sorceress

Sorcerous

Sorcery

Sord

Sordawalite

Sordes

Sordet

Sordid

Sordidly

Sordidness

Sore

Sore

Sore

Sore

Sore

Sorehon

Sorel

Sorely

Soreness

Sorgo

Sorites

Sororicide

Sorrage

Sorrance

Sorrel

Sorrel

Sorrel

Sorrel-Tree

Sorrily

Sorriness

Sorrow

Sorrow

Sorrowed

Sorrowful

Sorrowfully

Sorrowfulness

Sorrowing

Sorrowing

Sorrowless

Sorry

Sort

Sort

Sort

Sortable

Sortably

Sortal

Sortance

Sortilege

Sortilegious

Sortition

Sortment

Sory

Soss

Soss

Sot

Sot

Sot

Sottish

Sottishly

Sottishness

Sou

Sough

Sought

Soul

Soul

Soul

Soul-Bell

Soul-Destroying

Soul-Diseased

Souled

Soulless

Soul-Scot

Soul-Selling

Soul-Sick

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound

Sound-Board

Sounded

Sounding

Sounding

Sounding-Board

Sounding-Rod

Soundings

Soundless

Soundly

Soundness

Soup

Soup

Soup

Sour

Sour

Sour

Sour

Source

Sourdet

Sour-Dock

Soured

Sour-Gourd

Souring

Souring

Sourish

Sourly

Sourness

Sour-Sop

Sous

Souse

Souse

Souse

Souse

Souse

Souter

Souterly

Souterrain

South

South

South

Southeast

Southeast

Southeastern

Southerly

Southern

Southernly

Southernmost

Southernwood

Southing

Southing

Southmost

Southsay

Southward

Southward

Southwest

Southwest

Southwesterly

Southwestern

Souvenance

Souvenir

Sovereign

Sovereign

Sovereignize

Sovereignly

Sovereignty

Sow

Sow-Bread

Sow-Bug

Sow-Thistle

Sow

Sow

Sow

Sowce

Sowed

Sower

Sowing

Sowing

Sowins

Sowl

Sown

Soy

Sozzle

Spaad

Space

Space

Space

Spaceful

Spacious

Spaciously

Spaciousness

Spaddle

Spade

Spade

Spade-Bone

Spadiceous

Spadille

Spadix

Spado

Spagyric

Spagyric

Spagyrist

Spahee

Spake

Spall

Spalt

Spalt

Span

Span

Span

Span

Spancel

Spancel

Spancounter

Spandrel

Spane

Spang

Spangle

Spangle

Spangled

Spangling

Spaniel

Spaniel

Spaniel

Spaniel

Spanish

Spanish

Spanish-Broom

Spanish-Brown

Spanish-Fly

Spanish-Nut

Spanish-White

Spank

Spanker

Spanking

Span-Long

Spanned

Spanner

Span-New

Spanning

Spar

Spar

Spar

Sparable

Sparadrap

Sparage

Spare

Spare

Spare

Spare

Spared

Sparely

Spareness

Sparer

Sparerib

Spargefaction

Sparing

Sparingly

Sparingness

Spark

Spark

Sparkful

Sparkish

Sparkle

Sparkle

Sparkle

Sparkler

Sparklet

Sparkliness

Sparkling

Sparklingly

Sparklingness

Sparling

Sparrow

Sparrow-Grass

Sparrow-Hawk

Sparry

Sparse

Sparse

Sparsed

Sparsedly

Spartan

Spasm

Spasmodic

Spasmodic

Spat

Spat

Spathaceous

Spathe

Spathic

Spathiform

Spathous

Spathulate

Spatiate

Spatter

Spatter

Spatterdashes

Spattered

Spattering

Spattle

Spattling-Poppy

Spatula

Spatulate

Spavin

Spavined

Spaw

Spawl

Spawl

Spawling

Spawling

Spawn

Spawn

Spawn

Spawned

Spawner

Spay

Spayed

Spaying

Speak

Speak

Speakable

Speaker

Speaking

Speaking

Speaking-Trumpet

Spear

Spear

Spear

Speared

Spear-Foot

Spear-Grass

Spearing

Spearman

Spearmint

Spear-Thistle

Spear-Wort

Specht

Special

Special

Specialize

Specially

Specialty

Specie

Species

Specific

Specific

Specifically

Specificate

Specification

Specified

Specify

Specifying

Specimen

Specious

Speciously

Speck

Speck

Speckle

Speckle

Speckled

Speckledness

Speckling

Spectacle

Spectacled

Spectacular

Spectation

Spectator

Spectatorial

Spectatorship

Spectatress

Specter

Spectrum

Specular

Speculate

Speculate

Speculation

Speculatist

Speculative

Speculatively

Speculativeness

Speculator

Speculatory

Speculum

Sped

Speech

Speech

Speechless

Speechlessness

Speech-Maker

Speed

Speed

Speed

Speedily

Speediness

Speedwell

Speedy

Speet

Speight

Spelk

Spell

Spell

Spell

Spelled

Speller

Spelling

Spelling

Spelling-Book

Spelt

Spelt

Spelter

Spence

Spencer

Spend

Spend

Spender

Spending

Spending

Spendthrift

Sperable

Sperm

Spermaceti

Spermatic

Spermatize

Spermatocele

Sperse

Spet

Spet

Spew

Spew

Spewed

Spewer

Spewing

Spewing

Spewy

Sphacelate

Sphacelate

Sphacelation

Sphacelus

Sphagnous

Sphene

Sphenoid

Sphere

Sphere

Spheric

Spherically

Sphericalness

Spherics

Spheroid

Spheroidal

Spheroidity

Spherosiderite

Spherule

Spherulite

Sphery

Sphincter

Sphinx

Sphragid

Spial

Spicate

Spice

Spice

Spiced

Spicer

Spicery

Spicknel

Spicosity

Spicular

Spiculate

Spicy

Spider

Spider-Catcher

Spiderlike

Spiderwort

Spignel

Spigot

Spike

Spike

Spike

Spiked

Spike-Lavender

Spikelet

Spikenard

Spiking

Spiky

Spile

Spill

Spill

Spill

Spilled

Spiller

Spilling

Spilt

Spilth

Spin

Spin

Spinach

Spinal

Spindle

Spindle

Spindle-Legs

Spindle-Shanked

Spindle-Shaped

Spindle-Tree

Spine

Spinel

Spinellane

Spinescent

Spinet

Spinet

Spiniferous

Spink

Spinner

Spinning

Spinning

Spinning-Jenny

Spinning-Wheel

Spinolet

Spinosity

Spinous

Spinozism

Spinster

Spinstry

Spinthere

Spiny

Spiracle

Spiral

Spirally

Spiration

Spire

Spire

Spired

Spirit

Spirit

Spiritally

Spirited

Spiritedly

Spiritedness

Spiritful

Spiritfully

Spiritfulness

Spiritless

Spiritlessly

Spiritlessness

Spiritous

Spiritousness

Spiritual

Spirituality

Spiritualization

Spiritualize

Spiritually

Spirituous

Spirituousness

Spirt

Spiry

Spiss

Spissitude

Spit

Spit

Spit

Spit

Spit

Spital

Spitchcock

Spitchcock

Spite

Spite

Spited

Spiteful

Spitefully

Spitefulness

Spitted

Spitter

Spitting

Spittle

Spittle

Spittle

Spitvenom

Splanchnology

Splash

Splash

Splash

Splashy

Splay

Splay

Splay

Splayfoot

Splay Mouth

Spleen

Spleened

Spleenful

Spleenless

Spleenwort

Spleeny

Splendent

Splendid

Splendidly

Splendor

Splendrous

Splenetic

Splenetic

Splenic

Splenish

Splenitive

Splent

Splice

Splice

Splint

Splint

Splinter

Splintered

Splintery

Split

Split

Splitter

Splitting

Splutter

Splutter

Spodumene

Spoil

Spoil

Spoil

Spoiled

Spoiler

Spoilful

Spoiling

Spoiling

Spoke

Spoke

Spoken

Spoke-Shave

Spokesman

Spoliate

Spoliate

Spoliation

Spondaic

Spondee

Spondyl

Sponge

Sponk

Sponsal

Sponsion

Sponsor

Spontaneity

Spontaneous

Spontaneously

Spontaneousness

Spontoon

Spool

Spool

Spoom

Spoon

Spoon

Spoon-Bill

Spoon-Drift

Spoonful

Spoon-Meat

Spoon-Wort

Sporadic

Sport

Sport

Sport

Sporter

Sportful

Sportfully

Sportfulness

Sportive

Sportiveness

Sportless

Sportsman

Sportulary

Sportule

Spot

Spot

Spotless

Spotlessness

Spotted

Spottedness

Spotter

Spottiness

Spotting

Spotty

Spousage

Spousal

Spousal

Spouse

Spouse

Spoused

Spouseless

Spout

Spout

Spout

Spouted

Spouting

Spouting

Sprag

Sprag

Sprain

Sprain

Sprained

Spraining

Spraints

Sprang

Sprat

Sprawl

Sprawling

Spray

Spread

Spread

Spread

Spreader

Spreading

Spreading

Sprent

Sprig

Sprig

Sprig-Crystal

Sprigged

Sprigging

Spriggy

Spright

Spright

Sprightful

Sprightfully

Sprightfulness

Sprightless

Sprightliness

Sprightly

Spring

Spring

Spring

Springal

Spring-Bok

Springe

Springe

Springer

Spring-Halt

Spring-Head

Springiness

Springing

Springing

Springle

Spring-Tide

Spring-Wheat

Springy

Sprinkle

Sprinkle

Sprinkle

Sprinkled

Sprinkler

Sprinkling

Sprinkling

Sprit

Sprit

Sprit

Sprite

Spriteful

Spritefully

Spriteliness

Spritely

Sprit-Sail

Sprod

Sprong

Sprout

Sprout

Sprouts

Spruce

Spruce

Spruce

Spruce

Spruce-Beer

Sprucely

Spruceness

Sprue

Sprug

Sprung

Sprunt

Sprunt

Sprunt

Spruntly

Spry

Spud

Spud

Spume

Spume

Spumescence

Spumous

Spun

Spunge

Spunge

Spunge

Spunged

Spunger

Spungiform

Spunginess

Spunging-House

Spungious

Spungy

Spun-Hay

Spunk

Spunyarn

Spur

Spur

Spur

Spurgall

Spurgall

Spurgalled

Spurge

Spurge-Flax

Spurge-Laurel

Spurge-Olive

Spurge-Wort

Spurging

Spurious

Spuriously

Spuriousness

Spurling

Spurling-Line

Spurn

Spurn

Spurn

Spurned

Spurner

Spurney

Spurning

Spurn-Water

Spurre

Spurred

Spurrer

Spurrier

Spur-Royal

Spurry

Spurt

Spurt

Spurt

Spurtle

Spurway

Sputation

Sputative

Sputter

Sputter

Sputter

Sputtered

Sputterer

Sputtering

Spy

Spy

Spy

Spy-Boat

Spy-Glass

Squab

Squab

Squab

Squab

Squabbish

Squabble

Squabble

Squabbler

Squabbling

Squab-Pie

Squad

Squadron

Squadroned

Squalid

Squalidness

Squall

Squall

Squaller

Squalling

Squally

Squalor

Squamiform

Squamigerous

Squamous

Squander

Squandered

Squanderer

Squandering

Square

Square

Square

Square

Squareness

Square-Rigged

Square-Sail

Squarish

Squarrous

Squash

Squash

Squat

Squat

Squat

Squat

Squatt

Squatter

Squeak

Squeak

Squeaker

Squeaking

Squeal

Squealing

Squeamish

Squeamishly

Squeamishness

Squeasiness

Squeasy

Squeeze

Squeeze

Squeeze

Squeezed

Squeezing

Squeezing

Squelch

Squelch

Squib

Squib

Squibbing

Squibbing

Squill

Squinancy

Squint

Squint

Squint

Squint-Eyed

Squintifego

Squinting

Squinting

Squintingly

Squiny

Squir

Squire

Squire

Squirehood

Squirely

Squirrel

Squirrel Hunt

Squirt

Squirt

Squirt

Squirter

Stab

Stab

Stab

Stabbed

Stabber

Stabbing

Stabbing

Stabiliment

Stabilitate

Stability

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable-Boy

Stabled

Stableness

Stablestand

Stabling

Stabling

Stablish

Stably

Stack

Stack

Stacked

Stacking

Stacking-Band

Stacking-Stage

Stack-Yard

Stacte

Staddle

Staddle

Staddle-Roof

Stadium

Stadtholder

Stadtholderate

Staff

Staffish

Staff-Tree

Stag

Stag-Beetle

Stage

Stage

Stage-Coach

Stagely

Stage-Play

Stage-Player

Stager

Stagery

Stag-Evil

Staggard

Stagger

Stagger

Staggered

Staggering

Staggering

Staggeringly

Staggers

Stagger-Wort

Stagnancy

Stagnant

Stagnate

Stagnation

Stag-Worm

Stagyrite

Staid

Staidness

Stain

Stain

Stained

Stainer

Staining

Stainless

Stair

Staircase

Stake

Stake

Staked

Stake-Head

Staking

Stalactic

Stalactiform

Stalactite

Stalactitic

Stalagmite

Stalagmitic

Stalagmitically

Stalder

Stale

Stale

Stale

Stale

Stale

Stalely

Staleness

Stalk

Stalk

Stalk

Stalked

Stalker

Stalking

Stalking-Horse

Stalky

Stall

Stall

Stall

Stallage

Stallation

Stall-Fed

Stall-Feed

Stall-Feeding

Stallion

Stall-Worn

Stamen

Stamened

Stamin

Staminal

Staminate

Staminate

Stamineous

Staminiferous

Stammel

Stammer

Stammer

Stammerer

Stammering

Stammering

Stammeringly

Stamp

Stamp

Stamp

Stamp-Duty

Stamped

Stamper

Stamping

Stamping-Mill

Stan

Stanch

Stanch

Stanch

Stanched

Stancher

Stanching

Stanchion

Stanchless

Stanchness

Stand

Stand

Stand

Standard

Standard-Bearer

Stand-Crop

Standel

Stander

Stander-By

Stander-Grass

Standing

Standing

Standish

Stane

Stang

Stang

Stank

Stank

Stank

Stank

Stannary

Stannary

Stannel

Stannic

Stanza

Stapazin

Staple

Staple

Stapler

Star

Star

Star-Apple

Star-Fish

Star-Flower

Stargazer

Stargazing

Star-Grass

Star-Hawk

Star-Hyacinth

Star-Jelly

Starless

Starlight

Starlight

Starlike

Starling

Starost

Starosty

Star-Paved

Star-Proof

Star-Read

Starred

Starring

Starry

Star-Shoot

Star-Stone

Star-Thistle

Star-Wort

Starboard

Starboard

Starch

Starch

Starch

Star-Chamber

Starched

Starchedness

Starcher

Starching

Starchly

Starchness

Starchy

Stare

Stare

Stare

Starer

Staring

Stark

Stark

Starkly

Start

Start

Start

Start

Started

Starter

Startful

Startfulness

Starting

Starting

Starting-Hole

Startingly

Starting-Post

Startish

Startle

Startle

Startle

Startled

Startling

Startup

Startup

Starve

Starve

Starved

Starveling

Starveling

Starving

Statary

State

State

Stated

Statedly

Stateless

Stateliness

Stately

Stately

Statement

State-Monger

Stater

State-Room

States

Statesman

Statesmanship

Stateswoman

Static

Statics

Station

Station

Stational

Stationary

Station-Bill

Stationer

Stationery

Stationery

Statist

Statistic

Statistics

Statuary

Statue

Statue

Statuminate

Stature

Statured

Statutable

Statutably

Statute

Statute-Merchant

Statute-Staple

Statutory

Staurolite

Stave

Stave

Stave

Staves

Staw

Stay

Stay

Stay

Stayed

Stayedly

Stayedness

Stayer

Staylace

Stayless

Staymaker

Stays

Stay-Sail

Stay-Tackle

Stead

Stead

Stead

Steadfast

Steadfastly

Steadfastness

Steadily

Steadiness

Steady

Steady

Steak

Steal

Steal

Stealer

Stealing

Stealingly

Stealth

Stealthy

Steam

Steam

Steam

Steam-Boat

Steam-Boiler

Steamed

Steam-Engine

Steaming

Stean

Stearin

Steatite

Steatitic

Steatocele

Steatoma

Sted

Steed

Steel

Steel

Steel

Steeled

Steeliness

Steeling

Steely

Steelyard

Steen

Steenkirk

Steep

Steep

Steep

Steep

Steeped

Steeper

Steeping

Steeple

Steepled

Steeple-House

Steeply

Steepness

Steepy

Steer

Steer

Steer

Steer

Steerage

Steerage-Way

Steered

Steerer

Steering

Steering

Steering-Wheel

Steerless

Steersman

Steersmate

Steeving

Steg

Steganographist

Steganography

Stegnotic

Stegnotic

Steinheilite

Stele

Stelechite

Stellar

Stellate

Stellation

Stelled

Stelliferous

Stelliform

Stellify

Stellion

Stellionate

Stellite

Stelochite

Stelography

Stem

Stem

Stem-Clasping

Stem-Leaf

Stemless

Stemmed

Stemming

Stemple

Stench

Stench

Stenchy

Stencil

Stencil

Stenographer

Stenographic

Stenography

Stent

Stentorian

Stentorophonic

Step

Step

Step

Step

Step

Step-Brother

Step-Child

Stepdame

Stepdaughter

Step-Father

Step-Mother

Step-Sister

Stepson

Stepped

Stepping

Stepping

Stepping-Stone

Step-Stone

Ster

Stercoraceous

Stercorarian

Stercorary

Stercoration

Stere

Stereographic

Stereographically

Stereography

Stereometrical

Stereometry

Stereotomical

Stereotomy

Stereotype

Stereotype

Stereotype

Stereotyper

Stereotyping

Stereotypographer

Stereotypography

Steril

Sterility

Sterilize

Sterlet

Sterling

Sterling

Stern

Stern

Sternage

Stern-Board

Stern-Chase

Sterned

Sterner

Stern-Fast

Stern-Frame

Sternly

Sternness

Sternmost

Sternon

Stern-Port

Stern-Post

Stern-Sheets

Sternum

Sternutation

Sternutative

Sternutatory

Sternutatory

Stern-Way

Sterquilinous

Sterven

Stethescope

Steve

Stevedore

Steven

Stew

Stew

Stew

Steward

Steward

Stewardly

Stewardship

Stewartry

Stewed

Stewing

Stewing

Stewish

Stew-Pan

Stibial

Stibiarian

Stibiated

Stibium

Sticados

Stich

Stichometry

Stich-Wort

Stick

Stick

Stick

Stickiness

Stickle

Stickle

Stickle-Back

Stickler

Stickling

Sticky

Stiddy

Stiff

Stiffen

Stiffen

Stiffening

Stiffening

Stiff-Hearted

Stiffly

Stiff-Necked

Stiffness

Stifle

Stifle

Stigma

Stigmata

Stigmatic

Stigmatic

Stigmatically

Stigmatize

Stigmatized

Stigmatizing

Stilar

Stilbite

Stile

Stile

Stiletto

Still

Still

Still

Still

Still

Still

Still

Stillatitious

Stillatory

Still-Born

Still-Burn

Stilled

Stiller

Stillicide

Stillicidious

Stilling

Stilling

Still-Life

Stillness

Still-Stand

Stilly

Stilpnosiderite

Stilt

Stilt

Stimulant

Stimulant

Stimulate

Stimulated

Stimulating

Stimulation

Stimulative

Stimulative

Stimulator

Stimulus

Sting

Sting

Stinger

Stingily

Stinginess

Stingless

Stingo

Stingy

Stink

Stink

Stinkard

Stinker

Stinking

Stinkingly

Stinkpot

Stinkstone

Stint

Stint

Stint

Stintance

Stinted

Stinter

Stinting

Stipe

Stipel

Stipend

Stipend

Stipendiary

Stipendiary

Stipitate

Stipple

Stippled

Stippling

Stippling

Stiptic

Stipula

Stipulaceous

Stipulate

Stipulate

Stipulated

Stipulating

Stipulation

Stipulator

Stipule

Stir

Stir

Stir

Stiriated

Stirious

Stirk

Stirp

Stirred

Stirrer

Stirring

Stirring

Stirrup

Stirrup-Lether

Stitch

Stitch

Stitch

Stitched

Stitchel

Stitcher

Stitchery

Stitchfallen

Stitching

Stitching

Stitch-Wort

Stitch

Stithy

Stive

Stiver

Stoak

Stoat

Stocah

Stoccade

Stochastic

Stock

Stock

Stockade

Stockade

Stockaded

Stockading

Stock-Broker

Stock-Dove

Stock-Fish

Stock-Gillyflower

Stocking

Stocking

Stockish

Stock-Jobber

Stock-Jobbing

Stock-Lock

Stocks

Stock-Still

Stocky

Stoic

Stoic

Stoically

Stoicalness

Stoicism

Stoke

Stoke

Stole

Stole

Stolen

Stolid

Stolidity

Stoloniferous

Stomach

Stomach

Stomach

Stomached

Stomacher

Stomachful

Stomachfulness

Stomachic

Stomachic

Stomaching

Stomachless

Stomachous

Stomp

Stond

Stone

Stone

Stone

Stone-Blind

Stone-Bow

Stone-Break

Stone-Chat

Stone-Cray

Stone-Crop

Stonecutter

Stonecutting

Stoned

Stone-Dead

Stone-Fern

Stone-Fly

Stone-Fruit

Stone-Hawk

Stone-Hearted

Stone-Horse

Stone-House

Stone-Parsley

Stone-Pit

Stone-Pitch

Stone-Plover

Stoner

Stones-Cast

Stones-Mickle

Stone-Squarer

Stone-Still

Stone-Wall

Stone-Ware

Stone-Work

Stoniness

Stony

Stood

Stook

Stook

Stool

Stool

Stool-Ball

Stoom

Stoop

Stoop

Stoop

Stoop

Stooped

Stooper

Stooping

Stoopingly

Stoor

Stooter

Stop

Stop

Stop

Stop-Cock

Stop-Gap

Stopless

Stoppage

Stopped

Stopper

Stopper

Stoppered

Stopping

Stopple

Storage

Storax

Store

Store

Store

Stored

Store-House

Store-Keeper

Storer

Storial

Storied

Storier

Storify

Stork

Storks-Bill

Storm

Storm

Storm

Storm-Beat

Stormed

Storminess

Storming

Stormy

Story

Story

Story-Teller

Stot

Stote

Stound

Stound

Stour

Stout

Stout

Stoutly

Stoutness

Stove

Stove

Stove

Stover

Stuow

Stowage

Stowed

Stowing

Strabism

Straddle

Straddle

Straddling

Straggle

Straggler

Straggling

Strahlstein

Straight

Straight

Straighten

Straightened

Straightener

Straightening

Straightly

Straightness

Straightway

Straiks

Strain

Strain

Strain

Strainable

Strained

Strainer

Straining

Straining

Straint

Strait

Strait

Strait

Straiten

Strait-Handed

Strait-Handedness

Strait-Laced

Straitly

Straitness

Strait-Waistcoat

Strake

Strake

Stram

Stramash

Stramineous

Strand

Strand

Strand

Stranded

Stranding

Strange

Strange

Strang

Strangely

Strangeness

Stranger

Stranger

Strangle

Strangled

Strangler

Strangles

Strangling

Strangling

Strangulated

Strangulation

Strangury

Strap

Strap

Strappado

Strappado

Strapping

Strap-Shaped

Strata

Stratagem

Stratege

Strath

Stratification

Stratified

Stratify

Stratifying

Stratocracy

Stratography

Stratum

Straught

Straw

Straw

Strawberry

Strawberry-Tree

Straw-Built

Straw-Color

Straw-Colored

Straw-Cutter

Straw-Drain

Straw-Stuffed

Straw-Worm

Strawy

Stray

Stray

Stray

Strayer

Straying

Streak

Streak

Streak

Streaked

Streaking

Streaky

Stream

Stream

Stream

Streamer

Streaming

Streamlet

Stream-Tin

Streamy

Streek

Street

Street-Walker

Street-Ward

Streight

Streight

Strene

Strength

Strength

Strengthen

Strengthen

Strengthened

Strengthener

Strengthening

Strengthless

Strenuous

Strenuously

Strenuousness

Strepent

Streperous

Stress

Stress

Stretch

Stretch

Stretch

Stretched

Stretcher

Stretching

Strew

Strewed

Strewing

Strewing

Strewment

Striae

Striate

Striature

Strick

Stricken

Strickle

Strict

Strictly

Strictness

Stricture

Stride

Stride

Stride

Striding

Stridor

Stridulous

Strife

Strifeful

Strigment

Strigous

Strike

Strike

Strike

Strike-Block

Striker

Striking

Strikingly

Strikingness

String

String

Stringed

Stringent

Stringhalt

Stringing

Stringless

Stringy

Strip

Strip

Stripe

Stripe

Striped

Striping

Stripling

Stripped

Stripper

Stripping

Strippings

Strive

Striver

Striving

Striving

Strivingly

Strobil

Strobiliform

Strocal

Stroke

Stroke

Stroke

Stroked

Stroker

Strokesman

Stroking

Stroll

Stroll

Stroller

Strolling

Strombite

Strond

Strong

Stronger

Strongest

Strong-Fisted

Strong-Hand

Strong-Hold

Strongly

Strong-Set

Strong-Water

Strontian

Strontian

Strontianite

Strontium

Strook

Strop

Strophe

Strout

Strove

Strow

Strowl

Stroy

Struck

Strucken

Structure

Strude

Struggle

Struggle

Struggler

Struggling

Struggling

Struma

Strumous

Strumpet

Strumpet

Strumpet

Strung

Strut

Strut

Struthious

Strutter

Strutting

Strutting

Struttingly

Strychnia

Stub

Stub

Stubbed

Stubbedness

Stubble

Stubble-Goose

Stubble-Rake

Stubborn

Stubbornly

Stubbornness

Stubby

Stub-Nail

Stucco

Stucco

Stuccoed

Stuccoing

Stuck

Stuck

Stuckle

Stud

Stud

Studded

Studding

Studding-Sail

Student

Stud-Horse

Studied

Studier

Studious

Studiously

Studiousness

Study

Study

Study

Stuff

Stuff

Stuff

Stuffed

Stuffing

Stuffing

Stuke

Stulm

Stulp

Stultify

Stultiloquence

Stultiloquy

Stum

Stum

Stumble

Stumble

Stumble

Stumbled

Stumbler

Stumbling

Stumbling-Block

Stump

Stump

Stumpy

Stun

Stung

Stunk

Stunned

Stunning

Stunt

Stunted

Stuntedness

Stunting

Stupe

Stupe

Stupe

Stupefaction

Stupefactive

Stupefier

Stupefy

Stupefying

Stupendous

Stupendously

Stupendousness

Stupid

Stupidity

Stupidly

Stupidness

Stupor

Stuprate

Stupration

Sturdily

Sturdiness

Sturdy

Sturdy

Sturgeon

Sturk

Stutter

Stutterer

Stuttering

Stutteringly

Sty

Sty

Sty

Styca

Stygian

Style

Style

Styled

Stylet

Styliform

Styling

Stylite

Stylobation

Styloid

Styptic

Styptic

Stypticity

Stythy

Suability

Suable

Suade

Suage

Suant

Suasible

Suasion

Suasive

Suasory

Suavity

Sub

Subacid

Subacid

Subacrid

Subact

Subaction

Subagitation

Subah

Subahdar

Subahship

Subaltern

Subaltern

Subalternate

Subalternation

Subaquatic

Subastral

Subastringent

Subaxillary

Sub-Beadle

Sub-Brigadier

Subcarbureted

Sub-Celestial

Sub-Central

Sub-Chanter

Subclavian

Sub-Committee

Sub-Constellation

Sub-Contracted

Sub-Contrary

Subcordate

Subcostal

Subcutaneous

Subcuticular

Subdeacon

Subdeaconry

Subdean

Subdeanery

Subdecuple

Subdented

Subdeposit

Subderisorious

Subdititious

Subdiversify

Subdivide

Subdivide

Subdivided

Subdividing

Subdivision

Subdolous

Subdominant

Subduable

Subdual

Subduce

Subduction

Subdue

Subdued

Subduement

Subduer

Subduing

Subduple

Subduplicate

Subequal

Suberate

Suberic

Suberose

Suberous

Subfusc

Subglobular

Subhastation

Subhydrosulphuret

Subindication

Subinfeudation

Subingression

Subitaneous

Subitany

Subjacent

Subject

Subject

Subject

Subjected

Subjecting

Subjection

Subjective

Subjectively

Subjoin

Subjoined

Subjoining

Subjugate

Subjugated

Subjugating

Subjugation

Subjunction

Subjunctive

Sublanate

Sublapsarian

Sublapsarian

Sublation

Sublet

Sublevation

Sublieutenant

Subligation

Sublimable

Sublimableness

Sublimate

Sublimate

Sublimate

Sublimated

Sublimating

Sublimation

Sublime

Sublime

Sublime

Sublime

Sublimed

Sublimely

Sublimeness

Subliming

Sublimity

Sublingual

Sublunar

Subluxation

Submarine

Submaxillary

Submediant

Submerge

Submerge

Submerged

Submerging

Submerse

Submersion

Subminister

Subminister

Subministrant

Subministration

Submiss

Submission

Submissive

Submissively

Submissiveness

Submissly

Submissness

Submit

Submit

Submitted

Submitter

Submitting

Submultiple

Subnascent

Subnect

Subnormal

Subnude

Subobscurely

Suboccipital

Suboctave

Subocular

Suborbicular

Subordinacy

Subordinancy

Subordinate

Subordinate

Subordinated

Subordinately

Subordination

Suborn

Subornation

Suborned

Suborner

Suborning

Subovate

Subpena

Subpena

Subperpendicular

Subpetiolate

Subprior

Subpurchaser

Subquadrate

Subquadruple

Subquinquefid

Subquintuple

Subramous

Subrector

Subreption

Subreptitious

Subrogate

Subrogation

Subrotund

Subsaline

Subsalt

Subscapular

Subscribe

Subscribe

Subscribed

Subscriber

Subscribing

Subscription

Subsection

Subsecutive

Subsemitone

Subseptuple

Subsequence

Subsequent

Subsequently

Subserve

Subservience

Subservient

Subserviently

Subsessile

Subsextuple

Subside

Subsidence

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidize

Subsidized

Subsidizing

Subsidy

Subsign

Subsignation

Subsist

Subsist

Subsistence

Subsistent

Subsoil

Subspecies

Substance

Substantial

Substantiality

Substantially

Substantialness

Substantials

Substantiate

Substantive

Substantive

Substantively

Substile

Substitute

Substitute

Substitution

Substract

Substraction

Substratum

Substruction

Substructure

Substylar

Substyle

Subsulphate

Subsultive

Subsultorily

Subsultus

Subsume

Subtangent

Subtend

Subtended

Subtending

Subtense

Subtepid

Subter

Subterfluent

Subterfuge

Subterrane

Subterranean

Subterranity

Subterrany

Subtil

Subtiliate

Subtiliation

Subtility

Subtilization

Subtilize

Subtilize

Subtilly

Subtilness

Subtilty

Subtle

Subtly

Subtract

Subtracted

Subtracter

Subtracting

Subtraction

Subtractive

Subtrahend

Subtrifid

Subtriple

Subtriplicate

Subtutor

Subulate

Suburb

Suburban

Suburbed

Suburbicarian

Subvariety

Subventaneous

Subvention

Subverse

Subversion

Subversive

Subvert

Subverted

Subverter

Subverting

Subworker

Succedaneous

Succedaneum

Succede

Succeed

Succeeded

Succeeder

Succeeding

Succeeding

Success

Successful

Successfully

Successfulness

Succession

Successive

Successively

Successiveness

Successless

Successlessness

Successor

Succiduous

Succiferous

Succinate

Succinated

Succinct

Succinctly

Succinctness

Succinic

Succinite

Succinous

Succor

Succor

Succored

Succorer

Succorless

Succory

Succotash

Succuba

Succulence

Succulent

Succumb

Succumbing

Succussation

Succussion

Such

Suck

Suck

Suck

Sucked

Sucker

Sucker

Sucket

Sucking

Sucking-Bottle

Suckle

Suckle

Suckled

Suckling

Suckling

Suction

Sudak

Sudary

Sudation

Sudatory

Sudatory

Sudden

Sudden

Suddenly

Suddenness

Sudorific

Sudorific

Sudorous

Suds

Sue

Sue

Sued

Suet

Suety

Suffer

Suffer

Sufferable

Sufferably

Sufferance

Suffered

Sufferer

Suffering

Suffering

Suffice

Suffice

Sufficed

Sufficiency

Sufficient

Sufficiently

Sufficing

Suffisance

Suffix

Suffix

Suffixed

Suffixing

Sufflaminate

Sufflate

Sufflation

Suffocate

Suffocate

Suffocated

Suffocating

Suffocatingly

Suffocation

Suffocative

Suffossion

Suffragan

Suffragan

Suffragant

Suffragate

Suffragator

Suffrage

Suffraginous

Suffruticous

Suffumigate

Suffumigation

Suffumige

Suffuse

Suffused

Suffusion

Sug

Sugar

Sugar

Sugar-Candy

Sugar-Cane

Sugar-House

Sugar-Loaf

Sugar-Mill

Sugar-Mite

Sugar-Plum

Sugary

Sugescent

Suggest

Suggested

Suggester

Suggestion

Suggestive

Suggil

Suggilate

Suggilation

Suicidal

Suicide

Suicism

Suillage

Suing

Suing

Suit

Suit

Suit

Suitable

Suitableness

Suitably

Suited

Suiting

Suitor

Suitress

Sulcate

Sulkiness

Sulky

Sulky

Sullage

Sullen

Sullenly

Sullenness

Sullens

Sulliage

Sullied

Sully

Sully

Sully

Sullying

Sulphate

Sulphatic

Sulphite

Sulphur

Sulphurate

Sulphurate

Sulphurated

Sulphuration

Sulphure

Sulphureous

Sulphureously

Sulphureousness

Sulphureted

Sulphuric

Sulphurous

Sulphur-Wort

Sulphury

Sultan

Sultana

Sultan-Flower

Sultanry

Sultriness

Sultry

Sum

Sum

Sumac

Sumless

Summarily

Summary

Summary

Summed

Summer

Summer

Summer

Summer

Summer

Summer-Colt

Summer-Cypress

Summer-Fallow

Summer-Fallow

Summer-House

Summerset

Summer-Wheat

Summing

Summist

Summit

Summon

Summoned

Summoner

Summoning

Summons

Sumoom

Sump

Sumpter

Sumption

Sumptuary

Sumptuosity

Sumptuous

Sumptuously

Sumptuousness

Sun

Sun

Sunbeam

Sun-Beat

Sun-Bright

Sun-Burning

Sunburnt

Sunclad

Sunday

Sunder

Sunder

Sundered

Sundering

Sun-Dew

Sun-Dial

Sun-Dried

Sundry

Sunfish

Sunflower

Sung

Sunk

Sunless

Sunlike

Sunny

Sunproof

Sunrise

Sunset

Sunshine

Sunshine

Sup

Sup

Sup

Sup

Super

Superable

Superableness

Superably

Superabound

Superabounding

Superabundance

Superabundant

Superabundantly

Superacidulated

Superadd

Superadded

Superadding

Superaddition

Superadvenient

Superangelic

Superannuate

Superannuate

Superannuated

Superannuation

Superb

Superbly

Supercargo

Supercelestial

Superciliary

Supercilious

Superciliously

Superciliousness

Superconception

Superconsequence

Supercrescence

Supercrescent

Supereminence

Supereminent

Supereminently

Supererogant

Supererogate

Supererogation

Supererogative

Supererogatory

Superessential

Superexalt

Superexaltation

Superexcellence

Superexcellent

Superexcrescence

Superfecundity

Superfetate

Superfetation

Superfete

Superfete

Superfice

Superficial

Superficiality

Superficially

Superficialness

Superficies

Superfine

Superfluence

Superfluitance

Superfluitant

Superfluity

Superfluous

Superfluously

Superfluousness

Superflux

Superfoliation

Superhuman

Superimpose

Superimposed

Superimposing

Superimposition

Superimpregnation

Superincumbent

Superinduce

Superinduced

Superinducing

Superinduction

Superinjection

Superinspect

Superinstitution

Superintellectual

Superintend

Superintended

Superintended

Superintendent

Superintending

Superior

Superior

Superiority

Superlation

Superlative

Superlative

Superlatively

Superlativeness

Superlunar

Supermundane

Supernal

Supernatant

Supernatation

Supernatural

Supernaturally

Supernaturalness

Supernumerary

Supernumerary

Superparticular

Superpartient

Superplant

Superplusage

Superponderate

Superpose

Superposed

Superposing

Superposition

Superpraise

Superproportion

Superpurgation

Superreflection

Superreward

Superroyal

Supersaliency

Supersalient

Supersalt

Supersaturate

Supersaturated

Supersaturating

Supersaturation

Superscribe

Superscribed

Superscribing

Superscription

Supersecular

Supersede

Supersedeas

Superseded

Superseding

Supersedure

Superserviceable

Superstition

Superstitionist

Superstitious

Superstitiously

Superstitiousness

Superstrain

Superstratum

Superstruct

Superstruction

Superstructive

Superstructure

Supersubstantial

Supersulphate

Supersulphureted

Superterrene

Superterrestrial

Supertonic

Supertragical

Supervacaneous

Supervacaneously

Supervacaneousness

Supervene

Supervenient

Supervention

Supervisal

Supervise

Supervise

Supervised

Supervising

Supervisor

Supervive

Supination

Supinator

Supine

Supine

Supinely

Supineness

Supinity

Suppage

Suppalpation

Supparasitation

Suppedaneous

Suppeditate

Suppeditation

Supper

Supperless

Supplant

Supplantation

Supplanted

Supplanter

Supplanting

Supple

Supple

Supple

Suppled

Supplement

Supplemental

Suppleness

Suppletory

Suppletory

Supplial

Suppliance

Suppliant

Suppliant

Suppliantly

Supplicant

Supplicant

Supplicate

Supplicate

Supplication

Supplicatory

Supplied

Supplier

Supply

Supply

Supplying

Supplyment

Support

Support

Supportable

Supportableness

Supportance

Supportation

Supported

Supporter

Supportful

Supporting

Supportless

Supportment

Supposable

Supposal

Suppose

Suppose

Supposed

Supposer

Supposing

Supposition

Supposititious

Supposititiousness

Suppositive

Suppositive

Suppositively

Suppository

Suppress

Suppressed

Suppressing

Suppression

Suppressive

Suppressor

Suppurate

Suppurate

Suppurating

Suppuration

Suppurative

Suppurative

Supputation

Suppute

Supra

Supra-Axillary

Supraciliary

Supra-Decompound

Suprafoliaceous

Supralapsarian

Supralapsarian

Supramundane

Supra-Orbital

Suprarenal

Suprascapulary

Supravulgar

Supremacy

Supreme

Supremely

Sur

Suraddition

Sural

Surance

Surbase

Surbased

Surbate

Surbated

Surbating

Surbed

Surcease

Surcease

Surcease

Surcharge

Surcharge

Surcharged

Surcharger

Surcharging

Surcingle

Surcingled

Surcle

Surcoat

Surcrew

Surculate

Surculation

Surd

Surd

Surdity

Sure

Sure

Surefooted

Surely

Sureness

Suretiship

Surety

Surf

Surface

Surfeit

Surfeit

Surfeit

Surfeited

Surfeiter

Surfeiting

Surfeiting

Surfeit-Water

Surge

Surge

Surge

Surgeless

Surgeon

Surgery

Surgical

Surging

Surgy

Suricate

Surlily

Surliness

Surling

Surly

Surmisal

Surmise

Surmise

Surmised

Surmiser

Surmising

Surmising

Surmount

Surmountable

Surmounted

Surmounter

Surmounting

Surmullet

Surmulot

Surname

Surname

Surnamed

Surnaming

Suroxyd

Suroxydate

Surpass

Surpassable

Surpassed

Surpassing

Surpassingly

Surplice

Surpliced

Surplice-Fees

Surplus

Surplusage

Surprisal

Surprise

Surprise

Surprised

Surprising

Surprisingly

Surquedry

Surrebut

Surrebutter

Surrejoin

Surrejoinder

Surrender

Surrender

Surrender

Surrendered

Surrenderee

Surrendering

Surrenderor

Surrendry

Surreption

Surreptitious

Surreptitiously

Surrogate

Surrogate

Surrogation

Surround

Surrounded

Surrounding

Sursolid

Sursolid

Surtout

Surturbrand

Survene

Survey

Survey

Surveyed

Surveying

Surveying

Surveyor

Surveyor-General

Surveyorship

Surview

Surview

Survise

Survival

Survivance

Survive

Survive

Survivency

Surviver

Surviving

Survivor

Survivorship

Susceptibility

Susceptible

Susceptibleness

Susception

Susceptive

Susceptivity

Susceptor

Suscipiency

Suscipient

Suscipient

Suscitate

Suscitation

Suslik

Suspect

Suspect

Suspect

Suspect

Suspectable

Suspected

Suspectedly

Suspectedness

Suspecter

Suspectful

Suspecting

Suspectless

Suspend

Suspended

Suspender

Suspending

Suspense

Suspense

Suspensibility

Suspensible

Suspension

Suspensive

Suspensor

Suspensory

Suspensory

Suspicable

Suspicion

Suspicious

Suspiciously

Suspiciousness

Suspiral

Suspiration

Suspire

Suspired

Sustain

Sustain

Sustainable

Sustained

Sustainer

Sustaining

Sustaltic

Sustenance

Sustentacle

Sustentation

Susurration

Sutile

Sutler

Sutling

Suttee

Suttle

Suture

Suveran

Suveran

Suveranly

Suveranty

Swab

Swab

Swabber

Swad

Swaddle

Swaddle

Swaddled

Swaddling

Swaddling-Band

Swag

Swag-Bellied

Swage

Swagger

Swaggerer

Swaggering

Swagging

Swaggy

Swain

Swainish

Swainmote

Swale

Swale

Swale

Swallet

Swallow

Swallow-Fish

Swallow-Fly

Swallows-Tail

Swallow-Stone

Swallow-Tail

Swallow-Wort

Swallow

Swallow

Swallowed

Swallower

Swallowing

Swallowing

Swam

Swamp

Swamp

Swampy

Swamp-Ore

Swan

Swang

Swansdown

Swanskin

Swap

Swap

Swape

Sward

Sward

Sward-Cutter

Swardy

Sware

Sware

Swarm

Swarm

Swarm

Swart

Swart

Swarth

Swarthily

Swarthiness

Swarthy

Swartiness

Swartish

Swarty

Swarve

Swash

Swash

Swash

Swash

Swash-Buckler

Swasher

Swat

Swatch

Swath

Swathe

Sway

Sway

Sway

Swayed

Swaying

Swaying

Sweal

Swealing

Swear

Swear

Swearer

Swearing

Swearing

Sweat

Sweat

Sweat

Sweater

Sweatiness

Sweating

Sweating-Bath

Sweating-House

Sweating-Iron

Sweating-Room

Sweating-Sickness

Sweaty

Swede

Swedish

Swedish-Turnep

Sweep

Sweep

Sweep

Sweeper

Sweeping

Sweepings

Sweep-Net

Sweepstake

Sweepy

Sweet

Sweet

Sweet-Apple

Sweet-Bread

Sweet-Briar

Sweet-Broom

Sweet-Cicely

Sweet-Cistus

Sweet-Corn

Sweet-Flag

Sweet-Gum

Sweet-Johns

Sweet-Maudlin

Sweet-Marjoram

Sweet-Pea

Sweet-Root

Sweet-Rush

Sweet-Sop

Sweet-Sultan

Sweet-Weed

Sweet-William

Sweet-Willow

Sweet-Wood

Sweeten

Sweeten

Sweetened

Sweetener

Sweetening

Sweet-Heart

Sweeting

Sweetish

Sweetishness

Sweetly

Sweetmeat

Sweetness

Sweet-Scented

Sweet-Smelling

Swell

Swell

Swell

Swelled

Swelling

Swelling

Swelt

Swelt

Swelt

Swelter

Swelter

Sweltered

Sweltering

Sweltry

Swept

Swerd

Swerve

Swerving

Swerving

Swift

Swift

Swifter

Swifter

Swiftly

Swiftness

Swig

Swig

Swig

Swill

Swill

Swilled

Swiller

Swilling

Swillings

Swim

Swim

Swimm

Swimmer

Swimming

Swimming

Swimmingly

Swindle

Swindled

Swindler

Swine

Swine-Bread

Swine-Case

Swine-Grass

Swineherd

Swine-Oat

Swine-Pipe

Swine-Pocks

Swines-Cress

Swine-Stone

Swine-Sty

Swine-Thistle

Swing

Swing

Swing

Swing-Bridge

Swinge

Swinge

Swinge-Buckler

Swinger

Swinging

Swinging

Swinging

Swingingly

Swingle

Swingle

Swingle

Swingled

Swingle-Tree

Swingling

Swingling-Knife

Swingling-Tow

Swing-Tree

Swing-Wheel

Swinish

Swink

Swink

Swink

Swinker

Swipe

Swipper

Swiss

Switch

Switch

Switch

Swivel

Swivel

Swivel-Hook

Swob

Swob

Swobber

Swollen

Swom

Swoon

Swoon

Swooning

Swooning

Swoop

Swoop

Swoop

Swop

Sword

Sword-Bearer

Sword-Belt

Sword-Blade

Sworded

Sworder

Sword-Fight

Sword-Fish

Sword-Grass

Sword-Knot

Sword-Law

Sword-Man

Sword-Player

Sword-Shaped

Swore

Sworn

Swound

Swum

Swung

Syb

Sybaritic

Sycamine

Sycamore

Sycamore-Moth

Sycite

Sycophancy

Sycophant

Sycophant

Sycophantic

Sycophantry

Sydnean

Syenite

Syke

Syllabic

Syllabically

Syllabication

Syllable

Syllable

Syllabub

Syllabus

Syllepsis

Syllogism

Syllogistic

Syllogistically

Syllogization

Syllogize

Syllogizer

Syllogizing

Sylph

Sylva

Sylvan

Sylvan

Sylvanite

Symbal

Symbol

Symbolic

Symbolically

Symbolism

Symbolization

Symbolize

Symbolize

Symbolizing

Symmetral

Symmetrian

Symmetrical

Symmetrically

Symmetrize

Symmetry

Sympathetic

Sympathetically

Sympathize

Sympathy

Symphonious

Symphony

Symphysis

Symposiac

Symposiac

Symposium

Symptom

Symptomatic

Symptomatically

Symptomatology

Synagogical

Synagogue

Synagris

Synalepha

Synarchy

Synaresis

Synarthrosis

Synaxis

Synchondrosis

Synchronal

Synchronal

Synchronical

Synchronism

Synchronize

Synchronous

Synchronously

Syncopate

Syncopated

Syncopation

Syncope

Syncopist

Syncopize

Syndic

Syndicate

Syndicate

Syndrome

Synecdoche

Synecdochical

Syngenese

Syngenesian

Synneurosis

Synod

Synodal

Synodal

Synodically

Synomosy

Synonym

Synonyma

Synonymal

Synonymist

Synonymize

Synonymous

Synonymously

Synonymy

Synopsis

Synoptic

Synoptically

Synovia

Synovial

Syntactic

Syntactically

Syntax

Synthesis

Synthetic

Synthetically

Synthetize

Syntonic

Syphilis

Syphon

Syriac

Syriac

Syriacism

Syrian

Syrianism

Syriasm

Syringa

Syringe

Syringe

Syringotomy

Syrtis

Syrup

Systasis

System

Systematic

Systematically

Systematist

Systemization

Systemize

Systemized

Systemizer

Systemizing

System-Maker

System-Monger

Systole

Systyle

Sythe

Sythe

Sythed

Sytheman

Syzygy

T

T

T

T

Tabard

Tabarder

Tabasheer

Tabbied

Tabby

Tabby

Tabby

Tabbying

Tabefaction

Tabefy

Taberd

Tabernacle

Tabernacle

Tabernacular

Tabid

Tabidness

Tablature

Table

Table

Table

Table-Bed

Table-Beer

Table-Book

Table-Cloth

Tabled

Table-Land

Table-Man

Tabler

Tables

Tablet

Table-Talk

Tabling

Tabling

Taboo

Taboo

Tabor

Tabor

Taborer

Taboret

Taborin

Tabrere

Tabret

Tabular

Tabulate

Tabulated

Tacamahaca

Tace

Tacet

Tach

Tachygraphy

Tacit

Tacitly

Taciturn

Taciturnity

Tack

Tack

Tack

Tack

Tack

Tacker

Tacket

Tacking

Tackle

Tackle

Tackled

Tackling

Tackling

Tacksman

Tact

Tactic

Tactician

Tactics

Tactile

Tactility

Taction

Tadorna

Tadpole

Tafelspath

Tafferel

Taffeta

Tag

Tag

Tag

Tag-Sore

Tag-Tail

Tail

Tail

Tail

Tailage

Tailed

Tailings

Tailor

Tailor

Tailoress

Tailoring

Taint

Taint

Taint

Tainted

Taintfree

Tainting

Taintless

Tainture

Tajacu

Take

Take

Taken

Taker

Taking

Taking

Takingness

Talapoin

Talbot

Talck

Talckite

Talckous

Talcky

Tale

Tale

Talebearer

Talebearing

Talebearing

Taleful

Talent

Talented

Tales

Taleteller

Talisman

Talismanic

Talk

Talk

Talk

Talkative

Talkativeness

Talker

Talking

Talking

Tall

Tallage

Tallage

Tallness

Tallow

Tallow

Tallow-Candle

Tallow-Chandler

Tallowed

Tallower

Tallow-Faced

Tallowing

Tallowing

Tallowish

Tallowy

Tally

Tally

Tally

Tally

Tallying

Tallyman

Talmud

Talmudic

Talmudist

Talmudistic

Talon

Talus

Tamable

Tamableness

Tamarin

Tamarind

Tamarinds

Tamarisk

Tambac

Tambor

Tambor

Tamborin

Tame

Tame

Tamed

Tameless

Tamely

Tameness

Tamer

Taming

Taminy

Tamkin

Tamper

Tampering

Tampering

Tamping

Tampion

Tampoe

Tamtam

Tan

Tan

Tan-Bed

Tan-Pit

Tan-Spud

Tan-Stove

Tan-Vat

Tang

Tang

Tangent

Tangibility

Tangible

Tangle

Tangle

Tangle

Tanist

Tanistry

Tank

Tankard

Tankard-Turnep

Tanling

Tanned

Tanner

Tannery

Tanniers

Tannin

Tanning

Tanning

Tanrec

Tansy

Tant

Tantalism

Tantalite

Tantalization

Tantalize

Tantalized

Tantalizer

Tantalizing

Tantalum

Tantamount

Tantivy

Tantling

Tap

Tap

Tap

Tap

Tape

Taper

Taper

Taper

Taper

Tapering

Taperness

Tapestry

Tapet

Tapeti

Tape-Worm

Tap-House

Tapir

Tapis

Tapped

Tapping

Tap-Root

Tapster

Tar

Tar

Tarabe

Tarantula

Tarantulate

Taraquira

Tardation

Tardigrade

Tardigrade

Tardily

Tardiness

Tardity

Tardy

Tardy

Tardy-Gaited

Tare

Tare

Tare

Tare

Tared

Targe

Target

Targeted

Targeteer

Targum

Targumist

Tarif

Tarif

Tarin

Taring

Tarn

Tarnish

Tarnish

Tarnished

Tarnishing

Tarpaulin

Tarrace

Tarragon

Tarred

Tarriance

Tarrier

Tarring

Tarrock

Tarry

Tarry

Tarry

Tarrying

Tarrying

Tarsel

Tarsus

Tart

Tart

Tartan

Tartar

Tartar

Tartarean

Tartareous

Tartaric

Tartarin

Tartarinated

Tartarize

Tartarized

Tartarizing

Tartarous

Tartarum

Tartish

Tartly

Tartness

Tartrate

Tartuffish

Tar-Water

Task

Task

Tasked

Tasker

Tasking

Taskmaster

Tassel

Tasseled

Tasses

Tastable

Taste

Taste

Taste

Tasted

Tasteful

Tastefully

Tasteless

Tastelessness

Taster

Tastily

Tasting

Tasting

Tasty

Tatter

Tatter

Tatterdemalion

Tattered

Tattle

Tattle

Tattler

Tattling

Tattoo

Tattoo

Tattoo

Tattooed

Tattooing

Tau

Taught

Taught

Taunt

Taunt

Taunted

Taunter

Taunting

Tauntingly

Tauricornous

Tauriform

Taurus

Tautologic

Tautologist

Tautologize

Tautology

Tavern

Taverner

Tavern-Haunter

Taverning

Tavern-Man

Taw

Taw

Tawdrily

Tawdriness

Tawdry

Tawdry

Tawed

Tawer

Tawing

Tawing

Tawny

Tax

Tax

Taxable

Taxation

Taxed

Taxer

Taxiarch

Taxidermy

Taxing

Taxing

Taxonomy

Tea

Tea-Board

Tea-Canister

Tea-Cup

Tea-Drinker

Tea-Plant

Tea-Pot

Tea-Saucer

Tea-Spoon

Tea-Table

Tea-Tree

Teach

Teach

Teach

Teachable

Teachableness

Teacher

Teaching

Teaching

Tead

Teague

Teak

Teal

Team

Teamster

Team-Work

Tear

Tear

Tear

Tear

Tearer

Tear-Falling

Tearful

Tearing

Tearless

Tease

Teased

Teasel

Teaseler

Teaser

Teasing

Teat

Teathe

Teathe

Techily

Techiness

Technic

Technically

Technicalness

Technics

Technological

Technologist

Technology

Techy

Tectonic

Ted

Tedded

Tedder

Tedder

Tedious

Tediously

Tediousness

Tedium

Teem

Teem

Teemer

Teemful

Teeming

Teemless

Teen

Teen

Teens

Teeth

Teeth

Teething

Teething

Tegular

Tegularly

Tegument

Teh-Hee

Teh-Hee

Teil

Teint

Telary

Telegraph

Telegraphic

Teleology

Telescope

Telescope-Shell

Telescopic

Telesia

Telesm

Telesmatic

Telestic

Tell

Tell

Teller

Tellinite

Tell-Tale

Tell-Tale

Tellurate

Tellureted

Tellurium

Temachis

Temerarious

Temerariously

Temerity

Temin

Temper

Temper

Temperament

Temperamental

Temperance

Temperate

Temperately

Temperateness

Temperative

Temperature

Tempered

Tempering

Tempest

Tempest

Tempest-Beaten

Tempestivity

Tempest-Tost

Tempestuous

Tempestuously

Tempestuousness

Templar

Temple

Temple

Temple

Templet

Temporal

Temporalities

Temporally

Temporalness

Temporalty

Temporaneous

Temporarily

Temporariness

Temporary

Temporization

Temporize

Temporizer

Temporizing

Tempt

Temptable

Temptation

Tempted

Tempter

Tempting

Temptingly

Temptress

Temsebread

Temulence

Temulent

Temulentive

Ten

Tenable

Tenacious

Tenaciously

Tenaciousness

Tenacity

Tenacy

Tenail

Tenaillon

Tenancy

Tenant

Tenant

Tenantable

Tenanted

Tenanting

Tenantless

Tenantry

Tench

Tend

Tend

Tendance

Tended

Tendency

Tender

Tender

Tender

Tendered

Tender-Hearted

Tender-Heartedness

Tendering

Tenderling

Tenderloin

Tenderly

Tenderness

Tending

Tending

Tendinous

Tendment

Tendon

Tendrac

Tendril

Tendril

Tenebrous

Tenebrousness

Tenement

Tenemental

Tenementary

Tenerity

Tenesmus

Tenet

Tenfold

Tennantite

Tennis

Tennis

Tenon

Tenor

Tense

Tense

Tenseness

Tensible

Tensile

Tension

Tensive

Tensor

Tensure

Tent

Tent

Tent

Tent

Tentacle

Tentage

Tentation

Tentative

Tentative

Tented

Tenter

Tenter

Tenter

Tentered

Tenter-Ground

Tentering

Tenth

Tenth

Tenthly

Tentiginous

Tentory

Tentwort

Tenuifolious

Tenuity

Tenuous

Tenure

Tepefaction

Tepefy

Tepefy

Tepid

Tepidness

Tepor

Teraphim

Teratology

Terce

Tercel

Terce-Major

Terebinth

Terebinthinate

Terebinthine

Terebrate

Terebration

Terebratulite

Teredo

Terek

Teret

Tergeminal

Tergeminous

Tergifetous

Tergiversate

Tergiversation

Term

Term

Termagancy

Termagant

Termagant

Termed

Termer

Termer

Term-Fee

Terminable

Terminal

Terminate

Terminate

Terminated

Terminating

Termination

Terminational

Terminative

Terminatively

Terminator

Terminer

Terming

Terminist

Terminology

Terminthus

Termless

Termly

Termly

Tern

Tern

Ternary

Ternary

Ternate

Terrace

Terrace

Terraced

Terracing

Terrapin

Terraqueous

Terrar

Terre-Blue

Terre-Mote

Terre-Plein

Terre-Tenant

Terre-Verte

Terrel

Terrene

Terreous

Terrestrial

Terrestrially

Terrestrious

Terrible

Terribleness

Terribly

Terrier

Terrific

Terrified

Terrify

Terrifying

Terrigenous

Territorial

Territorially

Territory

Terror

Terse

Tersely

Terseness

Ter-Tenant

Tertials

Tertian

Tertian

Tertiary

Tertiate

Tesselate

Tesselated

Tesselation

Tesseraic

Test

Test

Test

Testable

Testaceography

Testaceology

Testaceous

Testament

Testamentary

Testamentation

Testate

Testation

Testator

Testatrix

Tested

Tester

Tester

Testicle

Testiculate

Testification

Testificator

Testified

Testifier

Testify

Testify

Testifying

Testily

Testimonial

Testimony

Testimony

Testiness

Testing

Testing

Testoon

Test-Paper

Testudinal

Testudinated

Testudineous

Testudo

Testy

Tetanus

Tetaug

Tetchiness

Tete

Tether

Tether

Tetrachord

Tetrad

Tetradactylous

Tetradiapason

Tetradrachma

Tetradynamian

Tetradynamian

Tetragon

Tetragonal

Tetragonism

Tetragyn

Tetragynian

Tetrahedral

Tetrahedron

Tetrahexahedral

Tetrameter

Tetrander

Tetrandrian

Tetrapetalous

Tetraphyllous

Tetraptote

Tetrarch

Tetrarchate

Tetrarchical

Tetrarchy

Tetraspermous

Tetrastich

Tetrastyle

Tetrasyllabic

Tetrasyllable

Tetric

Tetricity

Tetter

Tetter

Tettish

Teutonic

Tew

Tew

Tewel

Tewtaw

Text

Text

Text-Book

Text-Hand

Textile

Textile

Text-Man

Textorial

Textrine

Textual

Textualist

Textuary

Textuist

Texture

Thack

Thallite

Thammuz

Than

Thane

Thane-Lands

Thaneship

Thank

Thank

Thanked

Thankful

Thankfully

Thankfulness

Thanking

Thankless

Thanklessness

Thank-Offering

Thanksgive

Thanksgiver

Thanksgiving

Thanksgiving

Thank-Worthy

Tharm

That

Thatch

Thatch

Thatched

Thatcher

Thatching

Thatching

Thaumaturgic

Thaumaturgy

Thaw

Thaw

Thaw

Thawed

Thawing

The

Thearchy

Theater

Theatins

Theatral

Theatric

Theatrically

Theave

Thee

Thee

Theft

Theft-Bote

Their

Theism

Theist

Theistic

Them

Theme

Themselves

Then

Thence

Thenceforth

Thenceforward

Thencefrom

Theocracy

Theocratic

Theodicy

Theodolite

Theogony

Theologaster

Theologian

Theologic

Theologically

Theologist

Theologize

Theologizer

Theologue

Theology

Theomachist

Theomachy

Theopathy

Theorbo

Theorem

Theorematic

Theoretic

Theoretically

Theoric

Theoric

Theorist

Theorzize

Theory

Theosophic

Theosophism

Theosophist

Theosophy

Therapeutic

Therapeutics

There

Thereabout

Thereafter

Thereat

Thereby

Therefor

Therefore

Therefrom

Therein

Thereinto

Thereof

Thereon

Thereout

Thereto

Thereunder

Thereupon

Therewhile

Therewith

Therewithal

Therf-Bread

Theriac

Theriac

Thermal

Thermolamp

Thermometer

Thermometrical

Thermometrically

Thermoscope

These

Thesis

Thetical

Theurgic

Theurgist

Theurgy

Thew

Thewed

They

Thible

Thick

Thick

Thick

Thick

Thicken

Thicken

Thickened

Thickening

Thickening

Thicket

Thickheaded

Thickish

Thickly

Thickness

Thickset

Thickskull

Thickskulled

Thickskin

Thicksprung

Thief

Thief-Catcher

Thief-Leader

Thief-Taker

Thieve

Thievery

Thievish

Thievishly

Thievishness

Thigh

Thilk

Thill

Thiller

Thimble

Thime

Thin

Thin

Thin

Thine

Thing

Think

Think

Thinker

Thinking

Thinking

Thinly

Thinness

Third

Third

Thirdborough

Thirdings

Thirdly

Thirds

Thirl

Thirlage

Thirst

Thirst

Thirst

Thirstiness

Thirsting

Thirsty

Thirteen

Thirteenth

Thirteenth

Thirtieth

Thirty

This

Thistle

Thistly

Thither

Thitherward

Tho

Thole

Thole

Thole

Thole

Thomaism

Thomist

Thomsonite

Thong

Thoracic

Thoracics

Thoral

Thorax

Thorina

Thorn

Thorn-Apple

Thorn-Back

Thorn-Bush

Thorn-But

Thorn-Hedge

Thornless

Thorny

Thorny Rest-Harrow

Thorny-Trefoil

Thorough

Thorough

Thorough

Thorough-Base

Thorough-Bred

Thorough-Fare

Thoroughly

Thorough-Paced

Thorough-Sped

Thorough-Stitch

Thorough-Wax

Thorough-Wort

Thorp

Thos

Those

Thou

Thou

Thou

Though

Thought

Thought

Thoughtful

Thoughtfully

Thoughtfulness

Thoughtless

Thoughtlessly

Thoughtlessness

Thoughtsick

Thousand

Thousand

Thousandth

Thousandth

Thowl

Thrack

Thrall

Thrall

Thralldom

Thrapple

Thrash

Thrash

Thrashed

Thrasher

Thrashing

Thrashing

Thrashing-Floor

Thrasonical

Thrave

Thrave

Thread

Thread

Threadbare

Threadbareness

Threaden

Thread-Shaped

Thready

Threap

Threat

Threat

Threaten

Threatened

Threatener

Threatening

Threatening

Threateningly

Threatful

Three

Three-Capsuled

Three-Celled

Three-Cleft

Three-Cornered

Three-Flowered

Threefold

Three-Grained

Three-Leaved

Three-Lobed

Three-Nerved

Three-Parted

Three-Pence

Three-Penny

Three-Petaled

Three-Pile

Three-Piled

Three-Pointed

Threescore

Three-Seeded

Three-Sided

Three-Valved

Threne

Threnody

Thresh

Thresher

Threshhold

Threw

Thrice

Thrid

Thridded

Thridding

Thrift

Thriftily

Thriftiness

Thriftless

Thrifty

Thrill

Thrill

Thrill

Thrilled

Thrilling

Thring

Thrissa

Thrive

Thriver

Thriving

Thrivingly

Thrivingness

Thro

Throat

Throat

Throat-Pipe

Throat-Wort

Throaty

Throb

Throb

Throbbing

Throbbing

Throdden

Throe

Throe

Throe

Throne

Throne

Throned

Throng

Throng

Throng

Thronged

Thronging

Thronging

Throngly

Thropple

Throstle

Throstling

Throttle

Throttle

Throttle

Through

Through

Through-Bred

Through-Lighted

Throughly

Throughout

Throughout

Through-Paced

Throve

Throw

Throw

Throw

Thrower

Thrown

Throwster

Thrum

Thrum

Thrum

Thrush

Thrust

Thrust

Thrust

Thruster

Thrusting

Thrusting

Thrustings

Thrusting-Screw

Thrustle

Thry-Fallow

Thulite

Thumb

Thumb

Thumb

Thumb-Band

Thumbed

Thumerstone

Thummim

Thump

Thump

Thump

Thumper

Thumping

Thum-Ring

Thum-Stall

Thunder

Thunder

Thunder

Thunderbolt

Thunder-Clap

Thunder-Cloud

Thunderer

Thunder-House

Thundering

Thundering

Thunderous

Thunder-Shower

Thunder-Stone

Thunder-Storm

Thunder-Strike

Thunder-Struck

Thurible

Thuriferous

Thurification

Thursday

Thus

Thwack

Thwack

Thwacking

Thwaite

Thwart

Thwart

Thwart

Thwart

Thwarted

Thwarter

Thwarting

Thwarting

Thwartingly

Thwartness

Thwartships

Thwite

Thwittle

Thy

Thyite

Thyme

Thymy

Thyroid

Thyrse

Thyself

Tiar

Tibial

Tiburo

Tice

Tick

Tick

Tick

Tick

Tick

Tick-Bean

Ticken

Ticket

Ticket

Tickle

Tickle

Tickle

Tickleness

Tickler

Tickling

Tickling

Ticklish

Ticklishness

Tick-Seed

Ticktack

Tid

Tidbit

Tiddle

Tide

Tide

Tide

Tide-Gate

Tide-Mill

Tides-Man

Tide-Waiter

Tide-Way

Tidily

Tidiness

Tidings

Tidy

Tie

Tie

Tied

Tier

Tierce

Tiercel

Tiercet

Tiff

Tiff

Tiff

Tiffany

Tig

Tige

Tiger

Tiger-Footed

Tigerish

Tigers-Foot

Tiger-Shell

Tigh

Tight

Tighten

Tighter

Tightly

Tightness

Tigress

Tike

Tike

Tile

Tile

Tile-Earth

Tiled

Tile-Ore

Tiler

Tiling

Tiling

Till

Till

Till

Till

Tillable

Tillage

Tilled

Tiller

Tiller

Tillering

Tillering

Tiller-Rope

Tilling

Tilling

Tillman

Tilly-Fally

Tilt

Tilt

Tilt

Tilt

Tilt

Tilt-Boat

Tilted

Tilter

Tilth

Tilt-Hammer

Tilting

Timbal

Timber

Timber

Timber

Timbered

Timber-Head

Timbering

Timber-Sow

Timber-Tree

Timber-Work

Timber-Yard

Timbre

Timbrel

Timbreled

Time

Time

Timed

Timeful

Timeist

Time-Keeper

Timeless

Timelessly

Timeliness

Timely

Timely

Time-Piece

Time-Pleaser

Time-Server

Time-Serving

Time-Serving

Time-Worn

Timid

Timidity

Timidly

Timidness

Timocracy

Timoneer

Timorous

Timorously

Timorousness

Timous

Timously

Tin

Tin

Tinct

Tinct

Tincture

Tincture

Tinctured

Tincturing

Tind

Tinder

Tinder-Box

Tinderlike

Tine

Tine

Tine

Tine

Tineman

Tinet

Tinfoil

Ting

Ting

Tinge

Tinge

Tinged

Tingent

Tinging

Tin-Glass

Tingle

Tingling

Tingling

Tink

Tinkal

Tinker

Tinkerly

Tinkle

Tinkle

Tinkling

Tinkling

Tinman

Tin-Mine

Tinned

Tinner

Tinning

Tinning

Tinny

Tinpenny

Tinsel

Tinsel

Tinsel

Tinseled

Tinseling

Tint

Tint

Tin-Worm

Tiny

Tip

Tip

Tip

Tipped

Tippet

Tipping

Tipple

Tipple

Tipple

Tippled

Tippler

Tippling

Tippling

Tippling-House

Tip-Staff

Tipsy

Tiptoe

Tiptop

Tirade

Tire

Tire

Tire

Tire

Tired

Tiredness

Tiresome

Tiresomeness

Tirewoman

Tiring

Tiring-House

Tirwit

Tis

Tisic

Tisic

Tisri

Tissue

Tissue

Tissued

Tissuing

Tit

Titan

Titanian

Titaniferous

Titanite

Titbit

Tithable

Tithe

Tithe

Tithe

Tithed

Tithe-Free

Tithe-Paying

Tither

Tithing

Tithing

Tithingman

Tithymal

Titillate

Titillating

Titillation

Titlark

Title

Title

Titled

Titleless

Title-Page

Titling

Titmouse

Titter

Titter

Tittle

Tittle-Tattle

Tittle-Tattle

Titubation

Titular

Titular

Titularity

Titularly

Titulary

Tiver

Tiver

Tivering

Tivering

Tivy

To

Toad

Toad-Eater

Toad-Fish

Toad-Flax

Toadish

Toad-Stone

Toad-Stool

Toast

Toast

Toasted

Toaster

Toasting

Tobacco

Tobacconist

Tobacco-Pipe

Tobacco-Pipe Clay

Tobacco-Pipe Fish

Tockay

Tocsin

Tod

Tod

To-Day

Toddy

Tody

Toe

Tofore

Toft

Togated

Together

Toggel

Toil

Toil

Toil

Toil

Toiler

Toilet

Toiling

Toilsome

Toilsomeness

Toise

Tokay

Token

Token

Tokened

Tol

Tola

Told

Tol-Booth.

Tole

Toled

Tolerable

Tolerableness

Tolerably

Tolerance

Tolerant

Tolerate

Tolerated

Tolerating

Toleration

Toll

Toll

Toll

Toll

Toll

Toll

Toll-Bar

Toll-Booth

Toll-Booth

Toll-Bridge

Toll-Gate

Toll-Gatherer

Toll-House

Tolling

Tolu Balsam

Tolutation

Tomahawk

Tomahawk

Tomato

Tomb

Tomb

Tombac

Tombless

Tomboy

Tombstone

Tome

Tomentous

To-Morrow

Tompion

Tomtit

Ton

Ton

Ton

Tone

Tone

Toned

Toneless

Tone-Syllable

Tong

Tongs

Tongue

Tongue

Tongue

Tongued

Tongue-Grafting

Tongueless

Tongue-Pad

Tongue-Shaped

Tongue-Tie

Tongue-Tied

Tonic

Tonic

To-Night

Tonnage

Tonsil

Tonsil

Tonsure

Tontine

Tony

Too

Took

Tool

Tool

Toom

Toot

Toot

Tooter

Tooth

Tooth

Toothache

Toothache-Tree

Tooth-Drawer

Tooth-Drawing

Toothed

Tooth-Edge

Toothful

Toothless

Toothletted

Tookpick

Toothsome

Toothsomeness

Toothwort

Toothy

Tooting

Top

Top-Armor

Top-Block

Top-Chain

Top-Cloth

Top-Draining

Top-Dressing

Topfull

Top-Gallant

Top-Heavy

Top-Knot

Topless

Topman

Top-Mast

Top-Most

Top-Proud

Top-Rope

Top-Sail

Top-Shaped

Top-Soiling

Top-Stone

Top-Tackle

Top

Top

Topan

Toparch

Toparchy

Topaz

Topazolite

Tope

Tope

Toper

Topet

Toph

Tophaceous

Tophet

Tophi

Topiary

Topic

Topic

Topically

Topographer

Topographic

Topographically

Topography

Topped

Topping

Topping

Topping-Lift

Toppingly

Topple

Toppling

Topsy-Turvy

Toquet

Tor

Torch

Torch-Bearer

Torcher

Torch-Light

Torch-Thistle

Torch-Wort

Tore

Tore

Tore

Toreumatography

Torment

Torment

Tormented

Tormentil

Tormenting

Tormenting

Tormentor

Torn

Tornado

Torous

Torpedo

Torpent

Torpent

Torpescence

Torpescent

Torpid

Torpidity

Torpidness

Torpor

Torporific

Torrefaction

Torrefied

Torrefy

Torrefying

Torrent

Torrent

Torricellian

Torrid

Torridness

Torse

Torsel

Torsion

Torso

Torsten

Tort

Tortile

Tortion

Tortious

Tortive

Tortoise

Tortoise-Shell

Tortuosity

Tortuous

Tortuousness

Torture

Torture

Tortured

Torturer

Torturing

Torturingly

Torturous

Torulose

Torus

Torvity

Torvous

Tory

Toryism

Tose

Toss

Toss

Toss

Tossed

Tossel

Tosser

Tossing

Tossing

Toss-Pot

Tost

Total

Total

Totality

Totally

Totalness

Tote

Totter

Tottering

Tottery

Toucan

Touch

Touch

Touch

Touchable

Touch-Hole

Touchiness

Touching

Touching

Touchingly

Touch-Me-Not

Touch-Needle

Touchstone

Touch-Wood

Touchy

Tough

Toughen

Toughen

Toughly

Toughness

Toupee

Tour

Tourist

Toourmalin

Tourn

Tournament

Tournequet

Tourney

Tourney

Touse

Tousel

Tow

Tow

Towage

Toward

Toward

Toward

Towardliness

Towardly

Towardness

Towel

Tower

Tower

Towered

Towering

Tower-Mustard

Towery

Towing

Towing-Path

Tow-Line

Town

Town-Clerk

Town-Crier

Town-House

Townish

Townless

Township

Townsman

Town-Talk

Tow-Rope

Towser

Toxical

Toxicology

Toy

Toy

Toy

Toyer

Toyful

Toying

Toyish

Toyishness

Toyman

Toyshop

Toze

Trace

Trace

Trace

Traceable

Traced

Tracer

Tracery

Trachea

Tracheal

Tracheocele

Tracheotomy

Trachyte

Trachytic

Tracing

Tracing

Track

Track

Tracked

Tracking

Trackless

Track-Road

Track-Scout

Tract

Tract

Tractability

Tractable

Tractableness

Tractably

Tractate

Tractation

Tractatrix

Tractile

Tractility

Traction

Tractor

Trade

Trade

Trade

Traded

Tradeful

Trader

Tradesfolk

Tradesman

Trade-Wind

Trading

Trading

Tradition

Traditional

Traditionally

Traditionary

Traditioner

Traditive

Traditor

Traduce

Traduced

Traducement

Traducent

Traducer

Traducible

Traducing

Traducingly

Traduction

Traductive

Traffick

Traffick

Traffick

Traffickable

Trafficker

Trafficking

Tragacanth

Tragedian

Tragedy

Tragic

Tragically

Tragicalness

Tragi-Comedy

Tragi-Comic

Tragi-Comically

Trail

Trail

Trail

Trailed

Trailing

Train

Train

Trainable

Train-Band

Train-Bearer

Trained

Training

Training

Train-Oil

Train-Road

Trainy

Traipse

Trait

Traitor

Traitorly

Traitorous

Traitorously

Traitorousness

Traitress

Traject

Traject

Trajecting

Trajection

Trajectory

Tralation

Tralatitious

Tralatitiously

Tralineate

Tralucent

Trammel

Trammel

Trammeled

Trammeling

Tramontane

Tramontane

Tramp

Tramp

Tramper

Trample

Trample

Trample

Trampled

Trampler

Trampling

Tranation

Trance

Tranced

Trangram

Tranquil

Tranquilize

Tranquilized

Tranquilizing

Tranquillity

Tranquilly

Tranquilness

Transact

Transacted

Transacting

Transaction

Transactor

Transalpine

Transanimate

Transanimation

Transatlantic

Transcend

Transcend

Transcended

Transcendence

Transcendent

Transcendental

Transcendently

Transcolate

Transcribe

Transcribed

Transcriber

Transcribing

Transcript

Transcription

Transcriptively

Transcur

Transcursion

Transduction

Transe

Transelementation

Transept

Transfer

Transfer

Transferable

Transferred

Transferree

Transferrer

Transferring

Transfiguration

Transfigure

Transfigured

Transfiguring

Transfix

Transfixed

Transfixing

Transform

Transform

Transformation

Transformed

Transforming

Transfreight

Transfretation

Transfuse

Transfused

Transfusible

Transfusing

Transfusion

Transgress

Transgress

Transgressed

Transgressing

Transgression

Transgressional

Transgressive

Transgressor

Transhape

Tranship

Transhipment

Transhipped

Transhipping

Transient

Transiently

Transientness

Transilience

Transit

Transit

Transit-Duty

Transition

Transitive

Transitorily

Transitoriness

Transitory

Translatable

Translate

Translated

Translating

Translation

Translative

Translator

Translatory

Translatress

Translocation

Translucency

Translucent

Translucid

Transmarine

Transmew

Transmigrant

Transmigrant

Transmigrate

Transmigrating

Transmigration

Transmigrator

Transmigratory

Transmissibility

Transmissible

Transmission

Transmissive

Transmit

Transmittal

Transmitted

Transmitter

Transmittible

Transmitting

Transmutability

Transmutable

Transmutably

Transmutation

Transmute

Transmuted

Transmuter

Transmuting

Transom

Transpadane

Transparency

Transparent

Transparently

Transparentness

Transpass

Transpass

Transpicuous

Transpierce

Transpierced

Transpiercing

Transpirable

Transpiration

Transpire

Transpire

Transpiring

Transplace

Transplant

Transplantation

Transplanted

Transplanter

Transplanting

Transplendency

Transplendent

Transplendently

Transport

Transport

Transportable

Transportance

Transportation

Transported

Transportedly

Transportedness

Transporter

Transporting

Transportment

Transposal

Transpose

Transposed

Transposing

Transposition

Transpositional

Transpositive

Transubstantiate

Transubstantiation

Transubstantiator

Transudation

Transudatory

Transude

Transuding

Transume

Transumpt

Transumption

Transvection

Transversal

Transversally

Transverse

Transverse

Transverse

Transversely

Tranters

Trap

Trap

Trap

Trap

Trapan

Trapan

Trapanner

Trapanning

Trap-Door

Trape

Trapes

Trapezian

Trapeziform

Trapezihedron

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Trapezoidal

Trappings

Trappous

Trap-Stick

Trap-Tuff

Trash

Trash

Trash

Trashy

Trass

Traulism

Traumatic

Traumatic

Travail

Travail

Travail

Travailing

Trave

Travel

Travel

Travel

Traveled

Traveler

Traveling

Travel-Tainted

Travers

Traversable

Traverse

Traverse

Traverse

Traverse

Traverse

Traverse

Traverse-Board

Traverse-Table

Traversing

Travestied

Travestin

Travesty

Travesty

Travesty

Tray

Tray-Trip

Treacher

Treacherous

Treacherously

Treacherousness

Treachery

Treacle

Treacle-Mustard

Treacle-Water

Tread

Tread

Tread

Treader

Treading

Treadle

Treague

Treason

Treasonable

Treasonous

Treasure

Treasure

Treasure-City

Treasured

Treasure-House

Treasurer

Treasurership

Treasuress

Treasure-Trove

Treasury

Treat

Treat

Treat

Treatable

Treatably

Treated

Treater

Treating

Treatise

Treatiser

Treatment

Treaty

Treaty-Making

Treble

Treble

Treble

Treble

Trebleness

Trebly

Tree

Tree-Frog

Tree-Germander

Tree-Louse

Tree-Moss

Treen

Treen

Tree-Nail

Tree-of-Life

Tree-Toad

Trefoil

Treillage

Trellis

Trellised

Tremble

Tremblement

Trembler

Trembling

Tremblingly

Trembling-Poplar

Tremendous

Tremendously

Tremendousness

Tremolite

Tremor

Tremulous

Tremulously

Tremulousness

Tren

Trench

Trench

Trench

Trenchant

Trenched

Trencher

Trencher-Fly

Trencher-Friend

Trencher-Man

Trencher-Mate

Trenching

Trench-Plow

Trench-Plow

Trench-Plowing

Trend

Trend

Trend

Trender

Trending

Trending

Trendle

Trental

Trepan

Trepan

Trepanned

Trepanner

Trepanning

Trepanning

Trephine

Trephine

Trepid

Trepidation

Trespass

Trespass

Trespasser

Trespassing

Tress

Tressed

Tressure

Trestle

Tret

Trethings

Trevet

Trey

Tri

Triable

Triacontahedral

Triaconter

Triad

Trial

Triality

Triander

Triandrian

Triangle

Triangled

Triangular

Triangularly

Triarian

Tribe

Tribe

Triblet

Tribometer

Tribrach

Tribracteate

Tribulation

Tribunal

Tribunary

Tribune

Tribuneship

Tribunician

Tributary

Tributary

Tribute

Tricapsular

Trice

Trice

Trichotomous

Trichotomy

Trick

Trick

Trick

Trick

Tricked

Tricker

Tricker

Trickery

Tricking

Tricking

Trickish

Trickle

Trickling

Trickling

Trickment

Tricksy

Trick-Track

Tricliniary

Tricoccous

Tricorporal

Tricuspidate

Tridactylous

Tride

Trident

Trident

Tridentate

Tridiapason

Triding

Tridodecahedral

Triduan

Triennial

Triennially

Trier

Trierarch

Trieterical

Trifallow

Trifid

Trifistulary

Trifle

Trifle

Trifle

Trifler

Trifling

Trifling

Triflingly

Triflingness

Triflorous

Trifoliate

Trifoliolate

Trifoly

Triform

Trig

Trig

Trigamy

Trigger

Trigintals

Triglyph

Trigon

Trigonal

Trigonometrical

Trigonometrically

Trigonometry

Trigyn

Trigynian

Trihedral

Trihedron

Trijugous

Triilateral

Triliteral

Triliteral

Trill

Trill

Trill

Trilled

Trilling

Trillion

Trilobate

Trilocular

Triluminar

Trim

Trim

Trim

Trim

Trimeter

Trimeter

Trimly

Trimmed

Trimmer

Trimming

Trimming

Trimness

Trinal

Trine

Trine

Trine

Trinervate

Trinerve

Tringle

Trinitarian

Trinitarian

Trinity

Trinket

Trinomial

Trinomial

Trio

Triobolar

Trioctahedral

Trioctile

Trior

Trip

Trip

Trip

Trip

Tripartite

Tripartition

Tripe

Tripedal

Tripe-Man

Tripennate

Tripersonal

Tripetalous

Triphane

Triphthong

Triphthongal

Triphyllous

Triple

Triple

Triplet

Triplicate

Triplication

Triplicity

Triply-Ribbed

Trip-Madam

Tripod

Tripoli

Tripoline

Tripos

Tripped

Tripper

Tripping

Tripping

Trippingly

Triptote

Tripudiary

Tripudiation

Tripyramid

Triquetrous

Triradiated

Trireme

Trirhomboidal

Trisacramentarian

Trisagion

Trisect

Trisected

Trisecting

Trisection

Trisepalous

Trispast

Trispermous

Trist

Tripersonality

Trisulc

Trisyllabic

Trisyllable

Trite

Tritely

Triteness

Triternate

Tritheism

Tritheist

Tritheistic

Tritheite

Trithing

Tritical

Triticalness

Triton

Tritone

Tritoxyd

Triturable

Triturate

Triturated

Triturating

Trituration

Triture

Triturium

Triumph

Triumph

Triumphal

Triumphal

Triumphant

Triumphantly

Triumpher

Triumphing

Triumvir

Triumvirate

Triune

Triunity

Trivant

Trivalvular

Trivrbial

Trivet

Trivial

Triviality

Trivially

Trivialness

Troat

Troat

Trocar

Trochaic

Trochanter

Troche

Trochee

Trochilic

Trochilics

Trochilus

Trochings

Trochisch

Trochite

Trochlea

Trochleary

Trochoid

Trod

Trod

Trode

Trode

Troglodyte

Troll

Troll

Trolled

Trolling

Trollop

Trollopee

Trolmydames

Tromp

Trompil

Tronage

Tronator

Tronco

Trone

Troop

Troop

Trooper

Trooping

Trope

Trophied

Trophy

Trophy-Money

Tropic

Tropical

Tropically

Tropic-Bird

Tropist

Tropological

Tropology

Trossers

Trot

Trot

Troth

Trothless

Troth-Plight

Troth-Plight

Troth-Plight

Trotter

Trotting

Trouble

Trouble

Troubled

Troubler

Troublesome

Troublesomely

Troublesomeness

Trouble-State

Troubling

Troubling

Troublous

Trough

Troul

Trounce

Trouse

Trout

Trout-Colored

Trout-Fishing

Trout-Stream

Trover

Trow

Trow

Trowel

Trowsers

Troy

Truant

Truant

Truant

Truantly

Truantship

Trubs

Trubtail

Truce

Truce-Breaker

Truchman

Trucidation

Truck

Truck

Truck

Truckage

Trucker

Trucking

Truckle

Truckle

Truckle-Bed

Truckling

Truculence

Truculent

Trudge

True

Trueborn

Truebred

Truehearted

Trueheartedness

Truelove

Truelove-Knot

Trueness

Truepenny

Truffle

Truffle-Worm

Trug

Truism

Trull

Trullization

Truly

Trump

Trump

Trump

Trumpery

Trumpet

Trumpet

Trumpeted

Trumpeter

Trumpet-Fish

Trumpet-Flower

Trumpet Honeysuckle

Trumpeting

Trumpet-Shell

Trumpet-Tongued

Trumplike

Truncate

Truncate

Truncated

Truncating

Truncation

Truncheon

Truncheon

Truncheoneer

Trundle

Trundle

Trundle

Trundle-Bed

Trundle-Tail

Trunk

Trunk

Trunked

Trunk-Hose

Trunnion

Trunnion-Plate

Trunnion-Ring

Trusion

Truss

Truss

Trussed

Trussing

Trust

Trust

Trust

Trusted

Trustee

Truster

Trustily

Trustiness

Trusting

Trustingly

Trustless

Trusty

Truth

Truthful

Truthless

Trutination

Truttaceous

Try

Try

Trying

Try-Sail

Tub

Tub

Tubber

Tubbing

Tube

Tube

Tuber

Tubercle

Tubercular

Tuberculate

Tuberose

Tuberous

Tub-Fish

Tubipore

Tubiporite

Tub-Man

Tubular

Tubule

Tubuliform

Tubulous

Tuch

Tuck

Tuck

Tuck

Tucker

Tucket

Tucketsonance

Tucking

Tuesday

Tufa

Tufaceous

Tuffoon

Tuft

Tuft

Tuf-Taffeta

Tufted

Tufty

Tug

Tug

Tug

Tugger

Tugging

Tuggingly

Tuition

Tulip

Tulip-Tree

Tumble

Tumble

Tumble

Tumbled

Tumbler

Tumbling

Tumbling-Bay

Tumbrel

Tumbril

Tumefaction

Tumefied

Tumefy

Tumefy

Tumefying

Tumid

Tumidly

Tumidness

Tumite

Tumor

Tumored

Tumorous

Tump

Tump

Tumped

Tumping

Tumular

Tumulate

Tumulosity

Tumulous

Tumult

Tumult

Tumultuarily

Tumultuariness

Tumultuary

Tumultuate

Tumultuation

Tumultuous

Tumultuously

Tumultuousness

Tun

Tun

Tunable

Tunableness

Tunably

Tun-Bellied

Tun-Dish

Tune

Tune

Tune

Tuned

Tuneful

Tuneless

Tuner

Tung

Tung

Tungstate

Tungsten

Tungstenic

Tunic

Tunicated

Tunicle

Tuning

Tuning-Fork

Tuning-Hammer

Tunker

Tunnage

Tunnel

Tunnel

Tunnel-Kiln

Tunnel-Net

Tunnel-Pit

Tunning

Tunny

Tup

Tup

Tupelo

Tup-Man

Turban

Turbaned

Turban-Shell

Turban-Top

Turbary

Turbid

Turbidly

Turbidness

Turbillion

Turbinate

Turbination

Turbinite

Turbit

Turbith

Turbot

Turbulence

Turbulent

Turbulently

Turcism

Turf

Turf

Turf-Covered

Turf-Drain

Turfed

Turf-Hedge

Turf-House

Turfiness

Turfing

Turfing

Turfing-Iron

Turfing-Spade

Turf-Moss

Turf-Spade

Turfy

Turgent

Turgescence

Turgid

Turgidity

Turgidly

Turgidness

Turioniferous

Turkey

Turkey-Stone

Turkois

Turks-Cap

Turks-Head

Turks-Turban

Turm

Turmalin

Turmeric

Turmoil

Turmoil

Turmoil

Turn

Turn

Turn

Turn-Bench

Turn-Coat

Turned

Turnep

Turner

Turnerite

Turnery

Turning

Turning

Turningness

Turnpike

Turnpike

Turnpike-Road

Turnserving

Turn-Sick

Turnsole

Turnspit

Turnstile

Turnstone

Turpentine

Turpentine-Tree

Turpitude

Turrel

Turret

Turreted

Turrilite

Turtle

Turtle-Dove

Turtle-Shell

Tuscan

Tuscan

Tush

Tush

Tusk

Tusk

Tusked

Tussle

Tussuc

Tut

Tut

Tutelage

Tutelar

Tutenag

Tutor

Tutor

Tutorage

Tutored

Tutoress

Tutoring

Tutoring

Tutrix

Tutsan

Tutti

Tutty

Tuz

Twain

Twait

Twang

Twang

Twang

Twangle

Twanging

Twank

Twas

Twattle

Twattle

Twattling

Twattling

Tway

Tway-Blade

Tweag

Tweag

Tweedle

Tweel

Tweezer-Case

Tweezers

Twelfth

Twelfth-Tide

Twelve

Twelvemonth

Twelvepence

Twelvepenny

Twelvescore

Twentieth

Twenty

Twibil

Twice

Twidle

Twifallow

Twifallowed

Twifallowing

Twifallowing

Twifold

Twig

Twiggen

Twiggy

Twilight

Twilight

Twill

Twilt

Twin

Twin

Twin

Twin

Twin-Born

Twine

Twine

Twine

Twined

Twinge

Twinge

Twinge

Twinging

Twinging

Twining

Twink

Twinkle

Twinkle

Twinkling

Twinling

Twinned

Twinner

Twinter

Twire

Twirl

Twirl

Twirl

Twirled

Twirling

Twist

Twist

Twist

Twisted

Twister

Twisting

Twit

Twitch

Twitch

Twitched

Twitcher

Twitch-Grass

Twitching

Twitted

Twitter

Twitter

Twitter

Twittering

Twitting

Twittingly

Twittle-Twattle

Twixt

Tw?

Tw?-Capsuled

Tw?-Celled

Tw?-Cleft

Tw?Edged

Tw?-Flowered

Tw?Fold

Tw?Fold

Tw?-Forked

Tw?-Handed

Tw?-Leaved

Tw?-Lobed

Tw?-Parted

Tw?-Pence

Tw?-Petaled

Tw?-Seeded

Tw?-Tipped

Tw?-Tongued

Tw?-Valved

Tye

Tye

Tyer

Tyger

Tying

Tyke

Tymbal

Tympan

Tympanites

Tympanize

Tympanize

Tympanum

Tympany

Tyny

Type

Type

Type-Metal

Typhoid

Typhus

Typic

Typically

Typicalness

Typified

Typify

Typifying

Typocosmy

Typographer

Typographic

Typographically

Typography

Typolite

Tyran

Tyranness

Tyrannic

Tyrannically

Tyrannicalness

Tyrannicide

Tyranning

Tyrannize

Tyrannous

Tyranny

Tyrant

Tyro

Tythe

Tything

Tzar

Tzarina

U

U

Uberous

Uberty

Ubication

Ubiquitariness

Ubiquitary

Ubiquitary

Ubiquity

Udder

Uddered

Uglily

Ugliness

Ugly

Ukase

Ulcer

Ulcerate

Ulcerate

Ulcerated

Ulcerating

Ulceration

Ulcered

Ulcerous

Ulcerousness

Ulcusle

Ule-Tree

Uliginous

Ullage

Ulmin

Ulnage

Ulnar

Ulterior

Ultimate

Ultimately

Ultimatum

Ultimity

Ultramarine

Ultramarine

Ultramontane

Ultramundane

Ultroneous

Ululate

Ululation

Umbel

Umbellar

Umbellate

Umbellet

Umbelliferous

Umber

Umber

Umber

Umber

Umbered

Umbilic

Umbilic

Umbilicate

Umbles

Umbo

Umboldilite

Umbra

Umbrage

Umbrageous

Umbrageousness

Umbrate

Umbrated

Umbratic

Umbratile

Umbratious

Umbrel

Umbriere

Umbrosity

Umpirage

Umpire

Umpire

Un

Unabsed

Unabashed

Unabated

Unabbreviated

Unabetted

Unability

Unabjured

Unable

Unabolishable

Unabolished

Unabridged

Unabrogated

Unabsolved

Unabsorbable

Unabsorbed

Unaccelerated

Unaccented

Unacceptable

Unacceptableness

Unacceptably

Unaccepted

Unaccessible

Unaccessibleness

Unaccommodated

Unaccommodating

Unaccompanied

Unaccomplished

Unaccomplishment

Unaccording

Unaccountability

Unaccountable

Unaccountableness

Unaccountably

Unaccredited

Unaccurate

Unaccurateness

Unaccused

Unaccustomed

Unachievable

Unachieved

Unacknowledged

Unacquaintance

Unacquainted

Unacquaintedness

Unacquired

Unacquitted

Unacted

Unactive

Unactuated

Unadapted

Unaddicted

Unadjudged

Unadjusted

Unadministered

Unadmired

Unadmiring

Unadmonished

Unadopted

Unadored

Unadorned

Unadulterated

Unadulterous

Unadulterously

Unadventurous

Unadvisable

Unadvised

Unadvisedly

Unadvisedness

Unaerated

Unaffable

Unaffected

Unaffectedly

Unaffecting

Unaffectionate

Unaffirmed

Unafflicted

Unaffrighted

Unaggravated

Unagitated

Unagreeable

Unagreeableness

Unaidable

Unaided

Unaiming

Unaking

Unalarmed

Unalienable

Unalienably

Unalienated

Unallayed

Unalleviated

Unalliable

Unallied

Unallowed

Unalloyed

Unallured

Unalluring

Unalmsed

Unalterable

Unalterableness

Unalterably

Unaltered

Unamazed

Unambiguous

Unambiguously

Unambiguousness

Unambitious

Unambitiousness

Unamendable

Unamended

Unamiable

Unamiableness

Unamused

Unamusing

Unamusive

Unanalogical

Unanalogous

Unanalysed

Unanchored

Unaneled

Unangular

Unanimalized

Unanimated

Unanimating

Unanimity

Unanimous

Unanimously

Unanimousness

Unannealed

Unannexed

Unannoyed

Unanointed

Unanswerable

Unanswerableness

Unanswerably

Unanswered

Unapocryphal

Unappalled

Unappareled

Unapparent

Unappealable

Unappeasable

Unappeased

Unappliable

Unapplicable

Unapplied

Unapposite

Unappreciated

Unapprehended

Unapprehensible

Unapprehensive

Unapprised

Unapproachable

Unapproachableness

Unapproached

Unappropriated

Unapproved

Unapt

Unaptly

Unaptness

Unargued

Unarm

Unarmed

Unarraigned

Unarranged

Unarrayed

Unarrived

Unarted

Unartful

Unartfully

Unarticulated

Unartificial

Unartificially

Unascendible

Unascertainable

Unascertained

Unasked

Unaspective

Unaspirated

Unaspiring

Unassailable

Unassailed

Unassaulted

Unassayed

Unassembled

Unasserted

Unassessed

Unassignable

Unassigned

Unassimilated

Unassisted

Unassisting

Unassociated

Unassorted

Unassuming

Unassured

Unatonable

Unatoned

Unattached

Unattacked

Unattainable

Unattainableness

Unattainted

Unattempered

Unattempted

Unattended

Unattending

Unattentive

Unattested

Unattired

Unattracted

Unaugmented

Unauthentic

Unauthenticated

Unauthorized

Unavailable

Unavailableness

Unavailing

Unavenged

Unaverted

Unavoidable

Unavoidableness

Unavoidably

Unavoided

Unavowed

Unawaked

Unaware

Unaware

Unawed

Unbacked

Unbaked

Unbalanced

Unballast

Unballasted

Unbanded

Unbannered

Unbaptized

Unbar

Unbarbed

Unbarked

Unbarred

Unbarring

Unbashful

Unbated

Unbathed

Unbattered

Unbay

Unbearded

Unbearing

Unbeaten

Unbeauteous

Unbecome

Unbecoming

Unbecomingly

Unbecomingness

Unbed

Unbedded

Unbedding

Unbefitting

Unbefriended

Unbeget

Unbegot

Unbeguile

Unbeguiled

Unbegun

Unbeheld

Unbeing

Unbelief

Unbelieve

Unbelieved

Unbeliever

Unbelieving

Unbeloved

Unbemoaned

Unbend

Unbending

Unbeneficed

Unbenevolent

Unbenighted

Unbenign

Unbent

Unbequeathed

Unbeseeming

Unbesought

Unbespoken

Unbestarred

Unbestowed

Unbetrayed

Unbewailed

Unbewitch

Unbias

Unbiased

Unbiasedly

Unbiasedness

Unbid

Unbigoted

Unbind

Unbishop

Unbit

Unbit

Unbitted

Unbitting

Unblamable

Unblamableness

Unblamably

Unblamed

Unblasted

Unbleeding

Unblemishable

Unblemished

Unblenched

Unblenching

Unblended

Unblest

Unblighted

Unblinded

Unblooded

Unbloody

Unblossoming

Unblown

Unblunted

Unblushing

Unblushingly

Unboastful

Unbodied

Unboiled

Unbolt

Unbolted

Unbonneted

Unbookish

Unborn

Unborrowed

Unbosom

Unbosomed

Unbosoming

Unbottomed

Unbought

Unbound

Unbounded

Unboundedly

Unboundedness

Unbounteous

Unbow

Unbowed

Unbowel

Unboweled

Unboweling

Unbrace

Unbraid

Unbraided

Unbraiding

Unbranched

Unbranching

Unbreast

Unbreathed

Unbreathing

Unbred

Unbreeched

Unbrewed

Unbribable

Unbribed

Unbridle

Unbridled

Unbroke

Unbrotherly

Unbruised

Unbuckle

Unbuckled

Unbuckling

Unbuild

Unbuilt

Unburied

Unburned

Unburning

Unburthen

Unburthened

Unburthening

Unbusied

Unbutton

Unbuttoned

Uncage

Uncaged

Uncalcined

Uncalculated

Uncalculating

Uncalled

Uncalm

Uncanceled

Uncandid

Uncanonical

Uncanonicalness

Uncanopied

Uncap

Uncapable

Uncapped

Uncaptivated

Uncarnate

Uncarpeted

Uncase

Uncased

Uncasing

Uncastrated

Uncatechised

Uncaught

Uncaused

Uncautious

Unceasing

Unceasingly

Uncelebrated

Uncelestial

Uncensurable

Uncensured

Uncentrical

Unceremonial

Unceremonious

Uncertain

Uncertainly

Uncertainty

Uncessant

Uncessantly

Unchain

Unchained

Unchaining

Unchangeable

Unchangeableness

Unchangeably

Unchanged

Unchanging

Uncharacteristic

Uncharge

Uncharged

Uncharitable

Uncharitableness

Uncharitably

Uncharm

Uncharmed

Uncharming

Unchary

Unchaste

Unchastely

Unchastisable

Unchastised

Unchastity

Unchecked

Uncheerful

Uncheerfulness

Uncheery

Unchewed

Unchild

Unchristian

Unchristian

Unchristianize

Unchristianly

Unchristianly

Unchristianness

Unchurch

Unchurched

Unchurching

Uncial

Uncial

Uncinate

Uncircumcised

Uncircumcision

Uncircumscribed

Uncircumspect

Uncircumstantial

Uncivil

Uncivilization

Uncivilized

Uncivilly

Unclad

Unclaimed

Unclarified

Unclasp

Unclasping

Unclassic

Uncle

Unclean

Uncleanable

Uncleanliness

Uncleanly

Uncleanness

Uncleansed

Unclench

Unclenched

Unclew

Unclipped

Unclog

Unclogged

Unclogging

Uncloister

Uncloistered

Uncloistering

Unclose

Unclosed

Unclosing

Unclothe

Unclothed

Unclothedly

Unclothing

Uncloud

Unclouded

Uncloudedness

Unclouding

Uncloudy

Unclutch

Uncoagulable

Uncoagulated

Uncoated

Uncocked

Uncoif

Uncoifed

Uncoil

Uncoiled

Uncoined

Uncollected

Uncollectible

Uncolored

Uncombed

Uncombinable

Uncombined

Uncomeliness

Uncomely

Uncomfortable

Uncomfortableness

Uncomfortably

Uncommanded

Uncommendable

Uncommended

Uncommercial

Uncommiserated

Uncommissioned

Uncommitted

Uncommon

Uncommonly

Uncommonness

Uncommunicated

Uncommunicative

Uncompact

Uncompacted

Uncompanied

Uncompassionate

Uncompassioned

Uncompellable

Uncompelled

Uncompensated

Uncomplaining

Uncomplaisant

Uncomplaisantly

Uncomplete

Uncompleted

Uncomplying

Uncompounded

Uncompoundedness

Uncomprehensive

Uncompressed

Uncompromising

Unconceivable

Unconceivableness

Unconceived

Unconcern

Unconcerned

Unconcernedly

Unconcernedness

Unconcerning

Unconcernment

Unconciliated

Unconciliating

Unconcludible

Unconcluding

Unconcludingness

Unconclusive

Unconcocted

Uncondemned

Uncondensable

Uncondensed

Unconditional

Unconditionally

Unconfessed

Unconfinable

Unconfined

Unconfinedly

Unconfirmed

Unconform

Unconformable

Unconformity

Unconfused

Unconfusedly

Unconfutable

Uncongealable

Uncongealed

Uncongenial

Unconjugal

Unconjunctive

Unconnected

Unconniving

Unconquerable

Unconquerably

Unconquered

Unconsciencious

Unconscionable

Unconscionableness

Unconscionably

Unconscious

Unconsciously

Unconsciousness

Unconsecrate

Unconsecrated

Unconsenting

Unconsidered

Unconsoled

Unconsolidated

Unconsoling

Unconsonant

Unconspiringness

Unconstant

Unconstitutional

Unconstitutionality

Unconstitutionally

Unconstrained

Unconstrainedly

Unconstraint

Unconsulting

Unconsumed

Unconsummate

Uncontemned

Uncontending

Uncontented

Uncontentingness

Uncontestable

Uncontested

Uncontradicted

Uncontrite

Uncontrived

Uncontriving

Uncontrollable

Uncontrollably

Uncontrolled

Uncontrolledly

Uncontroverted

Unconversable

Unconversant

Unconverted

Unconvertible

Unconvinced

Uncord

Uncork

Uncorked

Uncorking

Uncoroneted

Uncorpulent

Uncorrected

Uncorrigible

Uncorrupt

Uncorrupted

Uncorruptedness

Uncorruptible

Uncorruptly

Uncorruptness

Uncounselable

Uncountable

Uncounted

Uncounterfeit

Uncountermanded

Uncouple

Uncoupled

Uncoupling

Uncourteous

Uncourteously

Uncourteousness

Uncourtliness

Uncourtly

Uncouth

Uncouthly

Uncouthness

Uncovenanted

Uncover

Uncovered

Uncovering

Uncreate

Uncreated

Uncredible

Uncreditable

Uncreditableness

Uncredited

Uncritical

Uncropped

Uncrossed

Uncrowded

Uncrown

Uncrowned

Uncrowning

Uncrystalizable

Uncrystalized

Unction

Unctuosity

Unctuous

Unctuousness

Unculled

Unculpable

Uncult

Uncultivable

Uncultivated

Uncumbered

Uncurable

Uncurably

Uncurbable

Uncurbed

Uncurl

Uncurl

Uncurled

Uncurling

Uncurrent

Uncurse

Uncursed

Uncurtailed

Uncustomary

Uncustomed

Uncut

Undam

Undamaged

Undamped

Undangerous

Undarkened

Undated

Undated

Undaunted

Undauntedly

Undauntedness

Undawning

Undazzled

Undeaf

Undebased

Undebauched

Undecagon

Undecayed

Undecaying

Undeceivable

Undeceive

Undeceived

Undeceiving

Undecency

Undecent

Undecently

Undecidable

Undecided

Undecipherable

Undeciphered

Undecisive

Undeck

Undecked

Undeclared

Undeclinable

Undeclined

Undecomposable

Undecomposed

Undecompounded

Undecorated

Undedicated

Undeeded

Undefaceable

Undefaced

Undefeasible

Undefended

Undefied

Undefiled

Undefinable

Undefinableness

Undefined

Undefloured

Undeformed

Undefrauded

Undefrayed

Undegraded

Undeify

Undelegated

Undeliberated

Undeliberating

Undelighted

Undelightful

Undelivered

Undemanded

Undemolished

Undemonstrable

Undeniable

Undeniably

Undepending

Undeplored

Undeposable

Undepraved

Undeprecated

Undepreciated

Undeprived

Under

Under

Underaction

Underagent

Underbear

Underbearer

Underbid

Underbred

Underbrush

Underbuy

Underchamberlain

Underclerk

Undercroft

Undercurrent

Underditch

Underdo

Underdose

Underdose

Underdrain

Underdrain

Underfaction

Underfarmer

Underfellow

Underfilling

Underfong

Underfoot

Underfoot

Underfurnish

Underfurnished

Underfurnishing

Underfurrow

Undergird

Undergo

Undergoing

Undergone

Undergraduate

Underground

Underground

Underground

Undergrowth

Underhand

Underhand

Underhanded

Underived

Underkeeper

Underlaborer

Underlaid

Underlay

Underleaf

Underlet

Underletter

Underletting

Underletting

Underline

Underlined

Underling

Underlining

Underlock

Undermaster

Undermeal

Undermine

Undermined

Underminer

Undermining

Undermost

Undern

Underneath

Underneath

Underofficer

Underogatory

Underpart

Underpetticoat

Underpin

Underpinned

Underpinning

Underpinning

Underplot

Underpraise

Underprize

Underprized

Underprizing

Underprop

Underproportioned

Underpuller

Underrate

Underrate

Underrun

Undersaturated

Undersay

Undersecretary

Undersell

Underselling

Underservant

Underset

Underset

Undersetter

Undersetting

Undersetting

Under-Sherif

Undersherifry

Undershot

Undershrub

Undersoil

Undersong

Understand

Understand

Understandable

Understander

Understanding

Understanding

Understandingly

Understood

Understrapper

Understratum

Understroke

Undertakable

Undertake

Undertake

Undertaken

Undertaker

Undertaking

Undertaking

Undertenant

Undertime

Undertook

Undertreasurer

Undervaluation

Undervalue

Undervalue

Undervalued

Undervaluer

Undervaluing

Underwent

Underwood

Underwork

Underwork

Underworker

Underworking

Underworkman

Underwrite

Underwrite

Underwriter

Underwriting

Underwriting

Underwritten

Undescendible

Undescribed

Undescried

Undeserved

Undeservedly

Undeservedness

Undeserver

Undeserving

Undeservingly

Undesigned

Undesignedly

Undesignedness

Undesigning

Undesirable

Undesired

Undesiring

Undespairing

Undestroyable

Undestroyed

Undetected

Undeterminable

Undeterminate

Undeterminateness

Undetermination

Undetermined

Undeterred

Undetesting

Undeveloped

Undeviating

Undeviatingly

Undevoted

Undevout

Undextrous

Undiaphanous

Undid

Undigenous

Undigested

Undight

Undignified

Undiminishable

Undiminished

Undiminishing

Undinted

Undiplomatic

Undipped

Undirected

Undisappointed

Undiscerned

Undiscernedly

Undiscernible

Undiscernibleness

Undiscernibly

Undiscerning

Undiscerning

Undisciplined

Undisclose

Undisclosed

Undiscolored

Undiscording

Undiscoverable

Undiscoverably

Undiscovered

Undiscrete

Undiscretely

Undiscussed

Undisgraced

Undisguised

Undishonored

Undismayed

Undisobliging

Undisordered

Undispensed

Undispensing

Undispersed

Undisplayed

Undisputable

Undisputed

Undisquieted

Undissembled

Undissembling

Undissipated

Undissolvable

Undissolved

Undissolving

Undistempered

Undistended

Undistilled

Undistinguishable

Undistinguishably

Undistinguished

Undistinguishing

Undistorted

Undistracted

Undistractedly

Undistractedness

Undistributed

Undisturbed

Undisturbedly

Undisturbedness

Undiversified

Undiverted

Undividable

Undivided

Undividedly

Undivorced

Undivulged

Undo

Undock

Undoer

Undoing

Undoing

Undone

Undoubted

Undoubtedly

Undoubtful

Undoubting

Undrained

Undramatic

Undrawn

Undreaded

Undreamed

Undress

Undress

Undressed

Undried

Undriven

Undrooping

Undrossy

Undrowned

Undubitable

Undue

Unduke

Undulary

Undulate

Undulate

Undulate

Undulating

Undulatingly

Undulation

Undulatory

Undull

Unduly

Undurable

Undust

Unduteous

Undutiful

Undutifully

Undutifulness

Undying

Unearned

Unearthed

Unearthly

Uneasily

Uneasiness

Uneasy

Uneatable

Uneaten

Uneath

Uneclipsed

Unedifying

Uneducated

Uneffaced

Uneffectual

Unelastic

Unelated

Unelbowed

Unelected

Unelegant

Uneligible

Unemancipated

Unembalmed

Unembarrassed

Unembittered

Unembodied

Unemphatic

Unemployed

Unempowered

Unemptiable

Unemulating

Unenchanted

Unencumber

Unencumbered

Unendowed

Unenduring

Unenervated

Unengaged

Unengaging

Unenjoyed

Unenjoying

Unenlarged

Unenlightened

Unenslaved

Unentangle

Unentangled

Unenterprising

Unentertaining

Unentertainingness

Unenthralled

Unentombed

Unenvied

Unenvious

Unepitaphed

Unequable

Unequal

Unequalable

Unequaled

Unequally

Unequalness

Unequitable

Unequivocal

Unequivocally

Unerrable

Unerrableness

Unerring

Unerringly

Uneschewable

Unespied

Unessayed

Unessential

Unessential

Unestablish

Unestablished

Unevangelical

Uneven

Unevenly

Unevenness

Unevitable

Unexact

Unexacted

Unexaggerated

Unexaggerating

Unexaminable

Unexamined

Unexampled

Unexceptionable

Unexceptionableness

Unexceptionably

Unexcised

Unexcited

Unexcogitable

Unexcommunicated

Unexcusable

Unexcusableness

Unexecuted

Unexemplary

Unexemplified

Unexempt

Unexercised

Unexerted

Unexhausted

Unexistent

Unexorcised

Unexpanded

Unexpectation

Unexpected

Unexpectedly

Unexpectedness

Unexpectorating

Unexpedient

Unexpended

Unexpensive

Unexperienced

Unexpert

Unexpired

Unexplainable

Unexplored

Unexposed

Unexpounded

Unexpressed

Unexpressible

Unexpressive

Unextended

Unextinct

Unextinguishable

Unextinguishably

Unextinguished

Unextirpated

Unextorted

Unextracted

Unfaded

Unfading

Unfadingness

Unfailable

Unfailableness

Unfailing

Unfailingness

Unfainting

Unfair

Unfairly

Unfairness

Unfaithful

Unfaithfully

Unfaithfulness

Unfalcated

Unfallen

Unfallowed

Unfamiliar

Unfamiliarity

Unfashionable

Unfashionableness

Unfashionably

Unfashioned

Unfast

Unfasten

Unfastened

Unfathered

Unfatherly

Unfathomable

Unfathomableness

Unfathomably

Unfathomed

Unfatigued

Unfaulty

Unfavorable

Unfavorableness

Unfavorably

Unfavored

Unfeared

Unfeasible

Unfeathered

Unfeatured

Unfed

Unfeed

Unfeeling

Unfeelingly

Unfeelingness

Unfeigned

Unfeignedly

Unfelicitating

Unfellowed

Unfelt

Unfence

Unfenced

Unfermented

Unfertile

Unfetter

Unfettered

Unfettering

Unfigured

Unfilial

Unfilled

Unfinished

Unfired

Unfirm

Unfirmness

Unfit

Unfit

Unfitly

Unfitness

Unfitted

Unfitting

Unfix

Unfixed

Unfixing

Unflagging

Unflattered

Unflattering

Unfledged

Unfleshed

Unfoiled

Unfold

Unfolded

Unfolding

Unfolding

Unfool

Unforbearing

Unforbid

Unforbiddenness

Unforced

Unforcible

Unfordable

Unforeboding

Unforeknown

Unforeseeable

Unforeseen

Unforeskinned

Unforetold

Unforewarned

Unforfeited

Unforgiven

Unforgiving

Unforgot

Unform

Unformed

Unforsaken

Unfortified

Unfortunate

Unfortunately

Unfortunateness

Unfostered

Unfought

Unfouled

Unfound

Unfounded

Unframable

Unframableness

Unframed

Unfraternal

Unfree

Unfrequency

Unfrequent

Unfrequent

Unfrequented

Unfrequently

Unfriable

Unfriended

Unfriendliness

Unfriendly

Unfrock

Unfrozen

Unfrugal

Unfr?Itful

Unfr?Itfulness

Unfrustrable

Unfulfilled

Unfumed

Unfunded

Unfurl

Unfurled

Unfurling

Unfurnish

Unfurnished

Unfused

Unfusible

Ungainable

Ungainful

Ungainly

Ungalled

Ungarnished

Ungarrisoned

Ungartered

Ungasthered

Ungear

Ungeared

Ungearing

Ungenerated

Ungenerative

Ungenerous

Ungenerously

Ungenial

Ungenteel

Ungenteelly

Ungentle

Ungentlemanlike

Ungentlemanly

Ungentleness

Ungently

Ungeometrical

Ungifted

Ungilded

Ungird

Ungirded

Ungirding

Ungirt

Ungiving

Unglazed

Unglorified

Unglorious

Unglove

Ungloved

Unglue

Unglued

Ungluing

Ungod

Ungodlily

Ungodliness

Ungodly

Ungored

Ungorged

Ungot

Ungovernable

Ungovernably

Ungoverned

Ungowned

Ungraceful

Ungracefully

Ungracefulness

Ungracious

Ungraciously

Ungrammatical

Ungrammatically

Ungranted

Ungrate

Ungrateful

Ungratefully

Ungratefulness

Ungratified

Ungravely

Ungrounded

Ungroundedly

Ungroundedness

Ungrudging

Ungrudgingly

Unguarded

Unguardedly

Unguent

Unguentous

Unguessed

Unguestlike

Unguicular

Unguiculate

Unguided

Unguilty

Unguinous

Ungula

Ungulate

Unhabitable

Unhabituated

Unhacked

Unhackneyed

Unhale

Unhallow

Unhallowed

Unhand

Unhandily

Unhandiness

Unhandled

Unhandsome

Unhandsomely

Unhandsomeness

Unhandy

Unhang

Unhanged

Unhap

Unhappied

Unhappily

Unhappiness

Unhappy

Unharassed

Unharbor

Unharbored

Unhardened

Unhardy

Unharmed

Unharmful

Unharmonious

Unharmoniously

Unharness

Unhatched

Unhazarded

Unhead

Unheaded

Unheading

Unhealthful

Unhealthfulness

Unhealthily

Unhealthiness

Unhealthy

Unheard

Unheart

Unheated

Unhedged

Unheeded

Unheedful

Unheeding

Unheedy

Unhele

Unhelmed

Unhelped

Unhelpful

Unhesitating

Unhesitatingly

Unhewn

Unhidebound

Unhindered

Unhinge

Unhoard

Unholiness

Unholy

Unhonest

Unhonored

Unhook

Unhoop

Unhoped

Unhopeful

Unhorned

Unhorse

Unhorsed

Unhorsing

Unhospitable

Unhostile

Unhouse

Unhoused

Unhouseled

Unhuman

Unhumanize

Unhumbled

Unhurt

Unhurtful

Unhurtfully

Unhusbanded

Unhusked

Unicapsular

Unicorn

Unicornous

Unideal

Uniflorous

Uniform

Uniform

Uniformity

Uniformly

Unigeniture

Unigenous

Unilabiate

Unilateral

Uniliteral

Unilluminated

Unillustrated

Unilocular

Unimaginable

Unimaginably

Unimagined

Unimbued

Unimitable

Unimitated

Unimmortal

Unimpairable

Unimpaired

Unimpassioned

Unimpeachable

Unimpeached

Unimpeded

Unimplicated

Unimplied

Unimplored

Unimportant

Unimportuned

Unimposing

Unimpregnated

Unimpressive

Unimprovable

Unimprovableness

Unimproved

Unimproving

Unimputable

Uninchanted

Unincreasable

Unincumbered

Unindebted

Unindifferent

Unindorsed

Unindustrious

Uninfected

Uninfectious

Uninflamed

Uninflammable

Uninfluenced

Uninformed

Uninforming

Uningenious

Uningenuous

Uninhabitable

Uninhabitableness

Uninhabited

Uninitiated

Uninjured

Uninquisitive

Uninscribed

Uninspired

Uninstructed

Uninstructive

Uninsulated

Uninsured

Unintelligent

Unintelligibility

Unintelligible

Unintelligibly

Unintended

Unintentional

Unintentionally

Uninterested

Uninteresting

Unintermission

Unintermitted

Unintermitting

Unintermittingly

Unintermixed

Uninterpolated

Uninterrupted

Uninterruptedly

Unintrenched

Unintricated

Unintroduced

Uninured

Uninvented

Uninvested

Uninvestigable

Uninvidious

Uninvited

Union

Uniparous

Uniradiated

Unirritated

Unirritating

Unison

Unison

Unisonance

Unisonant

Unisonous

Unit

Unitarian

Unitarian

Unitarianism

Unite

Unite

United

Uniter

Uniting

Unition

Unitive

Unity

Univalve

Univalve

Univalvular

Universal

Universal

Universalism

Universalist

Universality

Universally

Universalness

Universe

University

Univocal

Univocally

Univocation

Univoque

Unjoint

Unjointed

Unjoyous

Unjudged

Unjust

Unjustifiable

Unjustifiableness

Unjustifiably

Unjustified

Unjustly

Unked

Unkemmed

Unkennel

Unkenneled

Unkent

Unkept

Unkerneled

Unkind

Unkindly

Unkindly

Unkindness

Unking

Unkinglike

Unkissed

Unkle

Unknightly

Unknit

Unknot

Unknow

Unknowable

Unknowing

Unknowingly

Unknown

Unlabored

Unlaborious

Unlace

Unlaced

Unlacing

Unlackeyed

Unlade

Unladen

Unlaid

Unlamented

Unlarded

Unlatch

Unlaureled

Unlavish

Unlavished

Unlaw

Unlawful

Unlawfully

Unlawfulness

Unlearn

Unlearned

Unlearnedly

Unlearnedness

Unleavened

Unlectured

Unleisured

Unlent

Unless

Unlessoned

Unlettered

Unletteredness

Unleveled

Unlibidinous

Unlicensed

Unlicked

Unlighted

Unlightsome

Unlike

Unlikelihood

Unlikely

Unlikely

Unlikeness

Unlimber

Unlimitable

Unlimited

Unlimitedly

Unlimitedness

Unlineal

Unlink

Unliquidated

Unliquified

Unliquored

Unlistening

Unliveliness

Unlively

Unload

Unloaded

Unloading

Unlocated

Unlock

Unlocked

Unloose

Unloose

Unlosable

Unloved

Unloveliness

Unlovely

Unloving

Unluckily

Unluckiness

Unlucky

Unlustrous

Unlusty

Unlute

Unluted

Unluting

Unmade

Unmagnetic

Unmaidenly

Unmaimed

Unmakable

Unmake

Unmaking

Unmalleability

Unmalleable

Unman

Unmanageable

Unmanaged

Unmanlike

Unmanned

Unmannered

Unmannerliness

Unmannerly

Unmannerly

Unmanufactured

Unmanured

Unmarked

Unmarred

Unmarriable

Unmarried

Unmarry

Unmarshaled

Unmasculate

Unmasculine

Unmask

Unmask

Unmasked

Unmasterable

Unmastered

Unmatchable

Unmatched

Unmeaning

Unmeant

Unmeasurable

Unmeasurably

Unmeasured

Unmechanical

Unmeddling

Unmeddlingness

Unmeditated

Unmeet

Unmeetly

Unmeetness

Unmellowed

Unmelodious

Unmelted

Unmentioned

Unmercantile

Unmerchantable

Unmerciful

Unmercifully

Unmercifulness

Unmeritable

Unmerited

Unmeritedness

Unmet

Unmetallic

Unmighty

Unmild

Unmildness

Unmilitary

Unmilked

Unmilled

Unminded

Unmindful

Unmindfully

Unmindfulness

Unmingle

Unmingleable

Unmingled

Unministerial

Unmiry

Unmissed

Unmistakeable

Unmistaken

Unmistrusting

Unmitigable

Unmitigated

Unmixed

Unmoaned

Unmodifiable

Unmodified

Unmodish

Unmoist

Unmoistened

Unmold

Unmolded

Unmolested

Unmoneyed

Unmonopolize

Unmonopolized

Unmoor

Unmoored

Unmooring

Unmoralized

Unmortgaged

Unmortified

Unmounted

Unmourned

Unmovable

Unmoved

Unmoving

Unmuffle

Unmurmured

Unmurmuring

Unmusical

Unmutilated

Unmuzzle

Unnamed

Unnative

Unnatural

Unnaturalize

Unnaturalized

Unnaturally

Unnaturalness

Unnavigable

Unnavigated

Unnecessarily

Unnecessariness

Unnecessary

Unnecessitated

Unneedful

Unneighborly

Unneighborly

Unnervate

Unnerve

Unnerved

Unneth

Unneutral

Unnoble

Unnoted

Unnoticed

Unnumbered

Unnurtured

Unobeyed

Unobjected

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionably

Unobnoxious

Unobscured

Unobsequious

Unobsequiously

Unobsequiousness

Unobservable

Unobservance

Unobservant

Unobserved

Unobserving

Unobstructed

Unobstructive

Unobtainable

Unobtained

Unobtrusive

Unobvious

Unoccupied

Unoffended

Unoffending

Unoffensive

Unoffered

Unofficial

Unofficially

Unoften

Unoil

Unoiled

Unopened

Unopening

Unoperative

Unopposed

Unoppressed

Unorderly

Unordinary

Unorganized

Unoriginal

Unoriginated

Unornamental

Unornamented

Unorthodox

Unostentatious

Unowed

Unowned

Unoxygenated

Unpacific

Unpacified

Unpack

Unpacked

Unpacking

Unpaid

Unpained

Unpainful

Unpalatable

Unpalled

Unpanoplied

Unparadise

Unparagoned

Unparalleled

Unpardonable

Unpardonably

Unpardoned

Unpardoning

Unparliamentariness

Unparliamentary

Unparted

Unpartial

Unpartially

Unpassable

Unpassionate

Unpassionately

Unpastoral

Unpatented

Unpathed

Unpathetic

Unpatronized

Unpatterned

Unpaved

Unpawned

Unpay

Unpeaceable

Unpeaceableness

Unpeaceful

Unpedigreed

Unpeg

Unpelted

Unpen

Unpenal

Unpenetrable

Unpenitent

Unpenned

Unpenning

Unpensioned

Unpeople

Unpeopled

Unpeopling

Unperceivable

Unperceived

Unperceivedly

Unperfect

Unperfected

Unperfectness

Unperforated

Unperformed

Unperforming

Unperishable

Unperishing

Unpermanent

Unperjured

Unperplex

Unperplexed

Unperspirable

Unpersuadable

Unperverted

Unpetrified

Unphilosophic

Unphilosophically

Unphilosophicalness

Unphilosophize

Unphilosophized

Unphysicked

Unpierced

Unpillared

Unpillowed

Unpin

Unpinked

Unpitied

Unpitiful

Unpitifully

Unpitying

Unplacable

Unplaced

Unplagued

Unplanted

Unplastered

Unplausible

Unplausibly

Unplausive

Unpleadable

Unpleasant

Unpleasantly

Unpleasantness

Unpleased

Unpleasing

Unpleasingly

Unpleasingness

Unpledged

Unpliable

Unpliant

Unplowed

Unplume

Unplumed

Unplundered

Unpoetic

Unpoetically

Unpointed

Unpoison

Unpoized

Unpolarized

Unpolicied

Unpolished

Unpolite

Unpolitely

Unpoliteness

Unpolled

Unpolluted

Unpopular

Unpopularity

Unportable

Unportioned

Unportuous

Unpossessed

Unpossessing

Unpossible

Unpowdered

Unpracticable

Unpracticed

Unpraised

Unprecarious

Unprecedented

Unprecise

Unpredestined

Unpredict

Unpreferred

Unpregnant

Unprejudicate

Unprejudiced

Unprelatical

Unpremeditated

Unprepared

Unpreparedness

Unprepossessed

Unprepossessing

Unpressed

Unpresumptuous

Unpretending

Unprevailing

Unprevented

Unpriest

Unpriestly

Unprince

Unprincely

Unprincipled

Unprinted

Unprisoned

Unprizable

Unprized

Unproclaimed

Unproductive

Unproductiveness

Unprofaned

Unprofessional

Unproficiency

Unprofitable

Unprofitableness

Unprofitably

Unprofited

Unprohibited

Unprojected

Unprolific

Unpromising

Unprompted

Unpronounceable

Unpronounced

Unprop

Unproper

Unproperly

Unprophetic

Unpropitious

Unpropitiously

Unproportionable

Unproportionate

Unproportioned

Unproposed

Unpropped

Unprosperous

Unprosperously

Unprosperousness

Unprostituted

Unprotected

Unprotracted

Unproved

Unprovide

Unprovided

Unprovident

Unprovisioned

Unprovoked

Unprovoking

Unprudential

Unpruned

Unpublic

Unpublished

Unpunctual

Unpunctuality

Unpunctuated

Unpunished

Unpunishing

Unpurchased

Unpure

Unpurged

Unpurified

Unpurposed

Unpursed

Unpursued

Unputrefied

Unquaffed

Unqualified

Unqualify

Unqualitied

Unquarrelable

Unqueen

Unquelled

Unquenchable

Unquenchableness

Unquenchably

Unquenched

Unquestionable

Unquestionably

Unquestioned

Unquestioning

Unquick

Unquickened

Unquiet

Unquiet

Unquietly

Unquietness

Unquietude

Unracked

Unraked

Unransacked

Unransomed

Unrash

Unravel

Unravel

Unravelment

Unrazored

Unreached

Unread

Unreadiness

Unready

Unreal

Unreality

Unreaped

Unreasonable

Unreasonableness

Unreasonably

Unreasoned

Unreave

Unrebated

Unrebukable

Unreceived

Unreckoned

Unreclaimable

Unreclaimed

Unrecompensed

Unreconcilable

Unreconciled

Unrecorded

Unrecounted

Unrecoverable

Unrecovered

Unrecruitable

Unrectified

Unrecuring

Unredeemable

Unredeemed

Unredressed

Unreduced

Unreducible

Unreducibleness

Unreeve

Unrefined

Unreformable

Unreformed

Unrefracted

Unrefreshed

Unrefreshing

Unregarded

Unregardful

Unregeneracy

Unregenerate

Unregistered

Unregulated

Unreined

Unrejoicing

Unrelated

Unrelative

Unrelatively

Unrelenting

Unrelievable

Unrelieved

Unremarkable

Unremarked

Unremediable

Unremedied

Unremembered

Unremembering

Unremembrance

Unremitted

Unremitting

Unremittingly

Unremovable

Unremovableness

Unremovably

Unremoved

Unrenewed

Unrepaid

Unrepealed

Unrepentance

Unrepentant

Unrepented

Unrepining

Unrepiningly

Unreplenished

Unreposed

Unrepresented

Unreprievable

Unreprieved

Unreproached

Unreprovable

Unreproved

Unrepugnant

Unreputable

Unrequested

Unrequitable

Unrequited

Unrescued

Unresented

Unreserve

Unreserved

Unreservedly

Unreservedness

Unresisted

Unresistible

Unresisting

Unresistingly

Unresolvable

Unresolved

Unresolving

Unrespectable

Unrespected

Unrespective

Unrespited

Unresponsible

Unrest

Unresting

Unrestored

Unrestrainable

Unrestrained

Unrestraint

Unrestricted

Unretracted

Unrevealed

Unrevenged

Unrevengeful

Unrevenued

Unreverend

Unreverent

Unreverently

Unreversed

Unrevised

Unrevived

Unrevoked

Unrewarded

Unriddle

Unriddled

Unriddler

Unriddling

Unridiculous

Unrifled

Unrig

Unrigged

Unrigging

Unright

Unrighteous

Unrighteously

Unrighteousness

Unrightful

Unring

Unrioted

Unrip

Unripe

Unripened

Unripeness

Unrivaled

Unrivet

Unriveted

Unriveting

Unrobe

Unroll

Unrolled

Unrolling

Unromanized

Unromantic

Unroof

Unroofed

Unroofing

Unroosted

Unroot

Unroot

Unrough

Unrounded

Unrouted

Unroyal

Unruffle

Unruffled

Unruled

Unruliness

Unruly

Unruminated

Unrumple

Unsadden

Unsaddle

Unsaddled

Unsafe

Unsafely

Unsafety

Unsaid

Unsaint

Unsainted

Unsalable

Unsalted

Unsaluted

Unsanctified

Unsanctioned

Unsandaled

Unsated

Unsatiable

Unsatiate

Unsatisfaction

Unsatisfactorily

Unsatisfactoriness

Unsatisfactory

Unsatisfiable

Unsatisfied

Unsatisfiedness

Unsatisfying

Unsaturated

Unsaved

Unsavorily

Unsavoriness

Unsavory

Unsay

Unscaly

Unscanned

Unscared

Unscarred

Unscattered

Unscholarly

Unscholastic

Unschooled

Unscientific

Unscientifically

Unscintillating

Unscorched

Unscorified

Unscoured

Unscratched

Unscreened

Unscrew

Unscrewed

Unscrewing

Unscriptural

Unscripturally

Unscrupulous

Unscrupulousnesss

Unscrutable

Unscutcheoned

Unseal

Unsealed

Unsealing

Unseam

Unsearchable

Unsearchableness

Unsearchably

Unsearched

Unseasonable

Unseasonableness

Unseasonably

Unseasoned

Unseat

Unseated

Unseaworthy

Unseconded

Unsecret

Unsecret

Unsecularize

Unsecure

Unseduced

Unseeded

Unseeing

Unseem

Unseemliness

Unseemly

Unseemly

Unseen

Unseized

Unseldom

Unselected

Unselecting

Unselfish

Unsensible

Unsent

Unseparable

Unseparated

Unsepulchered

Unserved

Unserviceable

Unserviceableness

Unserviceably

Unset

Unsettle

Unsettle

Unsettled

Unsettledness

Unsettlement

Unsettling

Unsevered

Unsex

Unshackle

Unshackled

Unshackling

Unshaded

Unshadowed

Unshakable

Unshaked

Unshaken

Unshamed

Unshamefaced

Unshamefacedness

Unshape

Unshapen

Unshared

Unsheath

Unsheathed

Unsheathing

Unshed

Unsheltered

Unshielded

Unship

Unshipped

Unshocked

Unshod

Unshook

Unshorn

Unshot

Unshout

Unshowered

Unshrinking

Unshrunk

Unshunnable

Unshunned

Unshut

Unsifted

Unsighted

Unsightliness

Unsightly

Unsignalized

Unsignificant

Unsilvered

Unsincere

Unsincerity

Unsinew

Unsinewed

Unsinewing

Unsinged

Unsingled

Unsinking

Unsinning

Unsizable

Unsized

Unskilled

Unskillful

Unskillfully

Unskillfulness

Unslain

Unslaked

Unslaked

Unsleeping

Unsling

Unslipping

Unslow

Unslumbering

Unsmirched

Unsmoked

Unsmooth

Unsober

Unsociable

Unsociably

Unsocial

Unsocket

Unsoft

Unsoft

Unsoiled

Unsold

Unsoldiered

Unsoldierlike

Unsolicited

Unsolicitous

Unsolid

Unsolvable

Unsolved

Unsonable

Unsoot

Unsophisticated

Unsorrowed

Unsorted

Unsought

Unsoul

Unsound

Unsounded

Unsoundly

Unsoundness

Unsoured

Unsowed

Unspared

Unsparing

Unsparingness

Unspeak

Unspeakable

Unspeakably

Unspecified

Unspecious

Unspeculative

Unsped

Unspent

Unsphere

Unspied

Unspilt

Unspirit

Unspirited

Unspiritual

Unspiritualize

Unsplit

Unspoiled

Unspotted

Unspottedness

Unsquared

Unsquire

Unstable

Unstableness

Unstaid

Unstaidness

Unstained

Unstanched

Unstate

Unstatutable

Unsteadfast

Unsteadfastness

Unsteadily

Unsteadiness

Unsteady

Unsteeped

Unstimulated

Unstimulating

Unsting

Unstinged

Unstinted

Unstirred

Unstitch

Unstitched

Unstooping

Unstop

Unstopped

Unstopping

Unstored

Unstormed

Unstrained

Unstraitened

Unstratified

Unstrengthened

Unstring

Unstruck

Unstudied

Unstudious

Unstuffed

Unsubdued

Unsubject

Unsubjected

Unsubmissive

Unsubmitting

Unsubordinated

Unsuborned

Unsubsidized

Unsubstantial

Unsucceeded

Unsuccessful

Unsuccessfully

Unsuccessfulness

Unsuccessive

Unsucked

Unsufferable

Unsufferably

Unsuffering

Unsufficience

Unsufficient

Unsugared

Unsuitable

Unsuitableness

Unsuitably

Unsuited

Unsuiting

Unsullied

Unsung

Unsunned

Unsuperfluous

Unsupplanted

Unsupplied

Unsupportable

Unsupportableness

Unsupportably

Unsupported

Unsuppressed

Unsure

Unsurmountable

Unsurpassed

Unsusceptible

Unsuspect

Unsuspected

Unsuspectedly

Unsuspecting

Unsuspicious

Unsuspiciously

Unsustainable

Unsustained

Unswathe

Unswayable

Unswayed

Unswear

Unsweat

Unsweating

Unsweet

Unswept

Unsworn

Unsymmetrical

Unsystematic

Unsystemized

Untack

Untainted

Untaintedly

Untaintedness

Untaken

Untamable

Untamed

Untangle

Untangled

Untangling

Untarnished

Untasted

Untasteful

Untastefully

Untasting

Untaught

Untaxed

Unteach

Unteachable

Unteachableness

Unteeming

Untemperate

Untempered

Untempted

Untenable

Untenantable

Untenanted

Untended

Untender

Untendered

Untent

Untented

Unterrified

Untested

Unthanked

Unthankful

Unthankfully

Unthankfulness

Unthawed

Unthink

Unthinking

Unthinkingness

Unthorny

Unthoughtful

Unthread

Unthreaded

Unthreading

Unthreatened

Unthrift

Unthriftily

Unthriftiness

Unthrifty

Unthriving

Unthrone

Untidy

Untie

Untied

Until

Untile

Untilled

Untimbered

Untimely

Untimely

Untinctured

Untinged

Untirable

Untired

Untiring

Untitled

Unto

Untold

Untomb

Untoothsome

Untouched

Untoward

Untowardly

Untowardly

Untowardness

Untraceable

Untraced

Untracked

Untractable

Untractableness

Untrading

Untrained

Untrammeled

Untransferable

Untransferred

Untranslatable

Untranslated

Untransparent

Untransposed

Untraveled

Untraversed

Untread

Untreasured

Untreatable

Untrembling

Untried

Untrimmed

Untriumphable

Untriumphed

Untrod

Untrolled

Untroubled

Untroubledness

Untrue

Untruly

Untruss

Untrussed

Untrustiness

Untrusty

Untruth

Untuckered

Untunable

Untune

Unturned

Untutored

Untwine

Untwist

Unty

Ununiform

Unupheld

Unurged

Unused

Unuseful

Unusual

Unusually

Unusualness

Unutterable

Unvail

Unvaluable

Unvalued

Unvanquishable

Unvanquished

Unvariable

Unvaried

Unvariegated

Unvarnished

Unvarying

Unveil

Unveiledly

Unvenerable

Unventilated

Unverdant

Unveritable

Unversed

Unvexed

Unviolated

Unvirtuous

Unvisard

Unvisited

Unvital

Unvitiated

Unvitrified

Unvolatilized

Unvote

Unvoweled

Unvoyageable

Unvulgar

Unvulnerable

Unwakened

Unwalled

Unwares

Unwarily

Unwariness

Unwarlike

Unwarmed

Unwarned

Unwarp

Unwarped

Unwarping

Unwarrantable

Unwarrantably

Unwarranted

Unwary

Unwashed

Unwasted

Unwasting

Unwatered

Unwayed

Unweakened

Unwealthy

Unweaponed

Unweariable

Unwearied

Unweariedly

Unweariedness

Unweary

Unweary

Unwed

Unwedded

Unwedgeable

Unweeded

Unweeped

Unweeting

Unweetingly

Unweighed

Unweighing

Unwelcome

Unwell

Unwellness

Unwept

Unwet

Unwhipped

Unwhole

Unwholesome

Unwholesomeness

Unwieldily

Unwieldiness

Unwieldy

Unwilled

Unwilling

Unwillingly

Unwillingness

Unwind

Unwind

Unwiped

Unwise

Unwisely

Unwish

Unwished

Unwist

Unwit

Unwithdrawing

Unwithered

Unwithering

Unwithstood

Unwitnessed

Unwittily

Unwittingly

Unwitty

Unwived

Unwoman

Unwomanly

Unwonted

Unwontedness

Unwooed

Unworking

Unwormed

Unworn

Unworshiped

Unworshiping

Unworthily

Unworthiness

Unworthy

Unwound

Unwounded

Unwrap

Unwreath

Unwrinkle

Unwriting

Unwritten

Unwrought

Unwrung

Unyielded

Unyielding

Unyoke

Unyoked

Unyoking

Unzoned

Up

Up

Upbear

Upbind

Upblow

Upbraid

Upbraided

Upbraider

Upbraiding

Upbraiding

Upbray

Upbrought

Upcast

Upcast

Updraw

Upgather

Upgrow

Uphand

Upheave

Upheld

Uphill

Uphoard

Uphold

Upholder

Upholsterer

Upholstery

Upland

Upland

Uplandish

Uplay

Uplead

Upled

Uplift

Uplifted

Uplook

Upmost

Upon

Upper

Uppermost

Upraise

Uprear

Upright

Upright

Uprightly

Uprightness

Uprise

Uprise

Uprising

Uprising

Uproar

Uproar

Uproll

Uproot

Uprouse

Upset

Upshot

Upspring

Upspring

Upstand

Upstart

Upstart

Upstart

Upstay

Upswarm

Uptake

Uptear

Uptrain

Upturn

Upward

Upward

Upward

Upwhirl

Upwhirl

Upind

Uran-Glimmer

Uranite

Uranitic

Uranium

Uran-Ocher

Uranology

Urbane

Urbanity

Urbanize

Urceolate

Urchin

Ure

Urea

Ureter

Urethra

Urge

Urge

Urged

Urgency

Urgent

Urgently

Urger

Urge-Wonder

Urging

Uric

Urim

Urinal

Urinary

Urinary

Urinative

Urinator

Urine

Urine

Urinous

Urn

Uroscopy

Urry

Ursa

Ursiform

Ursine

Ursuline

Urus

Us

Usage

Usager

Usance

Use

Use

Use

Used

Useful

Usefully

Usefulness

Useless

Uselessly

Uselessness

User

Usher

Usher

Ushered

Ushering

Usquebaugh

Ustion

Ustorious

Ustulation

Usual

Usually

Usualness

Usucaption

Usufruct

Usufructuary

Usure

Usurer

Usurious

Usuriously

Usuriousness

Usurp

Usurpation

Usurped

Usurper

Usurping

Usurpingly

Usury

Utensil

Uterine

Utero-Gestation

Uterus

Utility

Utilize

Utis

Utmost

Utmost

Utopian

Utricle

Utricular

Utter

Utter

Utterable

Utterance

Uttered

Utterer

Uttering

Utterly

Uttermost

Uttermost

Uveous

Uvula

Uxorious

Uxoriously

Uxoriousness

V

V

Vacancy

Vacant

Vacate

Vacated

Vacating

Vacation

Vaccary

Vacillancy

Vacillant

Vacillate

Vacillating

Vacillation

Vaccinate

Vaccinated

Vaccinating

Vaccination

Vaccine

Vacuation

Vacuist

Vacuity

Vacuous

Vacousness

Vacuum

Vade

Vade-Mecum

Vagabond

Vagabond

Vagabondry

Vagary

Vagient

Vaginal

Vaginant

Vaginated

Vaginopennous

Vagous

Vagrancy

Vagrant

Vagrant

Vague

Vail

Vail

Vail

Vail

Vailed

Vailer

Vailing

Vain

Vainglorious

Vaingloriously

Vainglory

Vainly

Vainness

Vair

Vair

Vaivode

Valance

Valance

Vale

Valediction

Valedictory

Valedictory

Valentine

Valerian

Valet

Valetudinarian

Valetudinarian

Valiance

Valiant

Valiantly

Valiantness

Valid

Validity

Validly

Validness

Valise

Vallancy

Vallation

Valley

Vallum

Valor

Valorous

Valorously

Valuable

Valuation

Valuator

Value

Value

Valued

Valueless

Valuer

Valuing

Valvate

Valve

Valved

Valvlet

Valvular

Vamp

Vamp

Vamped

Vamper

Vamping

Vampire

Van

Van

Van-Coriers

Vandal

Vandalic

Vandalism

Vandyke

Vane

Van-Foss

Vang

Van-Guard

Vanilla

Vanish

Vanished

Vanishing

Vanity

Vanquish

Vanquish

Vanquishable

Vanquished

Vanquisher

Vanquishing

Vansire

Vant

Vantage

Vantage

Vantage-Ground

Vantbrass

Vapid

Vapidness

Vapor

Vapor

Vapor

Vaporability

Vaporable

Vaporate

Vaporation

Vapor-Bath

Vapored

Vaporer

Vaporific

Vaporing

Vaporingly

Vaporish

Vaporization

Vaporize

Vaporize

Vaporized

Vaporizing

Vaporous

Vaporousness

Vapory

Vapulation

Vare

Varec

Vari

Variable

Variable

Variableness

Variably

Variance

Variate

Variation

Varicocele

Varicose

Varied

Variegate

Variegated

Variegating

Variegation

Variety

Variolite

Varioloid

Variolous

Various

Variously

Varix

Varlet

Varletry

Varnish

Varnish

Varnished

Varnisher

Varnishing

Varnish-Tree

Varvels

Vary

Vary

Vary

Varying

Vascular

Vascularity

Vasculiferous

Vase

Vassal

Vassal

Vassalage

Vassaled

Vast

Vast

Vastation

Vastidity

Vastly

Vastness

Vasty

Vat

Vatican

Vaticide

Vaticinal

Vaticinate

Vaticination

Vault

Vault

Vault

Vaultage

Vaulted

Vaulter

Vaulting

Vaulty

Vaunt

Vaunt

Vaunt

Vaunt

Vaunt-Courier

Vaunted

Vaunter

Vauntful

Vaunting

Vauntingly

Vaunt-Mure

Vavasor

Vavasory

Vaward

Veal

Vection

Vectitation

Vector

Vecture

Veda

Vedet

Veer

Veer

Veerable

Veered

Veering

Vegetability

Vegetable

Vegetable

Vegetate

Vegetating

Vegetation

Vegetative

Vegetativeness

Vegete

Vegetive

Vegetive

Vegeto-Animal

Vegetous

Vehemence

Vehement

Vehemently

Vehicle

Vehicled

Veil

Veil

Vein

Veined

Veinless

Veiny

Veliferous

Velitation

Vell

Vell

Velleity

Vellicate

Vellicated

Vellicating

Vellication

Vellum

Velocity

Velure

Velvet

Velvet

Velvet

Velveteen

Velveting

Velvety

Venal

Venal

Venality

Venary

Venatic

Venation

Vend

Vended

Vendee

Vender

Vendibility

Vendible

Vendible

Vendibly

Venditation

Vendition

Vendor

Vendue

Vendue-Master

Veneer

Veneer

Veneered

Veneering

Veneering

Venefice

Veneficial

Veneficiously

Venemous

Venenate

Venenation

Venene

Venerability

Venerable

Venerableness

Venerably

Venerate

Venerated

Venerating

Veneration

Venerator

Venereal

Venerean

Venereous

Venerous

Venery

Venery

Venesection

Veney

Venge

Vengeable

Vengeance

Vengeful

Vengement

Venger

Veniable

Veniably

Venial

Venialness

Venison

Venom

Venom

Venomous

Venomously

Venomousness

Venous

Vent

Vent

Vent

Ventage

Ventail

Ventanna

Venter

Venter

Ventiduct

Ventilate

Ventilated

Ventilating

Ventilation

Ventilator

Ventosity

Ventral

Ventricle

Ventricous

Ventriculous

Ventriloquism

Ventriloquist

Ventriloquous

Venture

Venture

Venture

Ventured

Venturer

Venturesome

Venturesomely

Venturing

Venturing

Venturous

Venturously

Venturousness

Venue

Venue

Venulite

Venus

Venusscomb

Venusslooking-Glass

Venuss Navelwort

Venust

Veracious

Veracity

Veranda

Veratria

Verb

Verbal

Verbality

Verbalize

Verbally

Verbatim

Verberate

Verberation

Verbiage

Verbose

Verbosity

Verdancy

Verdant

Verderer

Verdict

Verdigris

Verditer

Verdure

Verdurous

Verecund

Verecundity

Verge

Verge

Verger

Verging

Vergouleuse

Veridical

Verifiable

Verification

Verified

Verifier

Verify

Verifying

Verily

Verisimilar

Verisimilitude

Verisimility

Veritable

Veritably

Verity

Verjuice

Vermeil

Vermeologist

Vermeology

Vermicelli

Vermicular

Vermiculate

Vermiculated

Vermiculating

Vermiculation

Vermicule

Vermiculous

Vermiform

Vermifuge

Vermil

Vermilion

Vermilioned

Vermin

Verminate

Vermination

Verminous

Vermiparous

Vermivorous

Vernacular

Vernaculous

Vernal

Vernant

Vernate

Vernation

Vernier

Vernility

Veronica

Verrucous

Versability

Versable

Versal

Versatile

Versatility

Verse

Verse

Verse-Man

Verser

Versicle

Versicolor

Versicular

Versification

Versificator

Versified

Versifier

Versify

Versify

Version

Verst

Vert

Verteber

Vertebral

Vertebral

Vertebrated

Vertex

Vertical

Vertically

Verticalness

Verticil

Verticillate

Verticity

Vertiginous

Vertiginousness

Vertigo

Vervain

Vervain-Mallow

Vervels

Very

Very

Vesicant

Vesicate

Vesicated

Vesicating

Vesication

Vesicatory

Vesicle

Vesicular

Vesiculate

Vesper

Vespertine

Vessel

Vessel

Vessets

Vessicon

Vest

Vest

Vest

Vestal

Vestal

Vested

Vestibule

Vestige

Vesting

Vesting

Vestment

Vestry

Vestry-Clerk

Vestry-Man

Vesture

Vesuvian

Vesuvian

Vetch

Vetchling

Vetchy

Veteran

Veteran

Veterinarian

Veterinary

Veto

Vex

Vex

Vexation

Vexatious

Vexatiously

Vexatiousness

Vexed

Vexer

Vexil

Vexillary

Vexillary

Vexillation

Vexing

Vexingly

Vial

Vial

Viand

Viatic

Viaticum

Vibrant

Vibrate

Vibrate

Vibrated

Vibratility

Vibrating

Vibration

Vibratiuncle

Vibrative

Vibratory

Vicar

Vicarage

Vicar-General

Vicarial

Vicariate

Vicariate

Vicarious

Vicariously

Vicarship

Vice

Vice

Vice

Vice-Admiral

Vice-Admiralty

Vice-Agent

Vice-Chamberlain

Vice-Chancellor

Vice-Consul

Viced

Vice-Doge

Vicegerency

Vicegerent

Vicegerent

Vice-Legate

Vicenary

Vice-President

Viceroy

Viceroyalty

Viceroyship

Vicety

Viciate

Viciated

Viciating

Viciation

Vicinage

Vicinal

Vicinity

Viciosity

Vicious

Viciously

Viciousness

Vicissitude

Vicissitudinary

Vicontiel

Vicontiels

Vicount

Victim

Victimate

Victor

Victoress

Victorious

Victoriously

Victoriousness

Victory

Victress

Victual

Victual

Victualed

Victualer

Victualing

Victualing-House

Victuals

Videlicet

Vidual

Viduity

Vie

Vie

Vielleur

View

View

Viewed

Viewer

Viewing

Viewing

Viewless

Vigesimation

Vigil

Vigilance

Vigilancy

Vigilant

Vigilantly

Vignette

Vigor

Vigor

Vigorous

Vigorously

Vigorousness

Vild

Vile

Viled

Vilely

Vileness

Vilified

Vilifier

Vilify

Vilifying

Vilipend

Vilipendency

Vility

Vill

Villa

Village

Villager

Villagery

Villain

Villakin

Villanage

Villanize

Villanized

Villanizing

Villanous

Villanously

Villanousness

Villany

Villatic

Villenage

Villous

Viminal

Vimineous

Vinceous

Vincible

Vincibleness

Vincture

Vindemial

Vindemiate

Vindemiation

Vindicability

Vindicable

Vindicate

Vindicated

Vindicating

Vindication

Vindicative

Vindicator

Vindicatory

Vindictive

Vindictively

Vindictiveness

Vine

Vined

Vine-Dresser

Vine-Fretter

Vinegar

Vine-Grub

Vinery

Vineyard

Vinnewed

Vinnewedness

Vinny

Vinolency

Vinolent

Vinosity

Vinous

Vintage

Vintager

Vintner

Vintry

Viny

Viol

Violable

Violaceous

Violate

Violated

Violating

Violation

Violator

Violence

Violence

Violent

Violent

Violent

Violently

Violet

Violin

Violinist

Violist

Violoncello

Violono

Viper

Viperine

Viperous

Vipers Bugloss

Vipers Grass

Virago

Vire

Virelay

Virent

Virgate

Virgate

Virge

Virgilian

Virgin

Virgin

Virgin

Virginal

Virginal

Virginal

Virginity

Virgins Bower

Virgo

Viridity

Virile

Virility

Virtu

Virtual

Virtuality

Virtually

Virtuate

Virtue

Virtueless

Virtuoso

Virtuosoship

Virtuous

Virtuously

Virtuousness

Virulence

Virulent

Virulently

Virus

Visage

Visaged

Vis-a-Vis

Viscera

Visceral

Viscerate

Viscid

Viscidity

Viscosity

Viscount

Viscountess

Viscountship

Viscous

Vise

Vishnu

Visibility

Visible

Visibleness

Visibly

Vision

Visional

Visionary

Visionary

Visit

Visit

Visit

Visitable

Visitant

Visitation

Visited

Visiting

Visiting

Visitor

Visitorial

Visive

Visne

Visnomy

Visor

Visored

Vista

Visual

Vital

Vitality

Vitalize

Vitally

Vitals

Vitellary

Vitiate

Vitiated

Vitiating

Vitiation

Vitilitigate

Vitilitigation

Vitreo-Electric

Vitreous

Vitreousness

Vitrescence

Vitrescent

Vitrescible

Vitrifaction

Vitrifiable

Vitrificable

Vitrificate

Vitrification

Vitrified

Vitriform

Vitrify

Vitrify

Vitriol

Vitriolate

Vitriolated

Vitriolating

Vitriolation

Vitriolic

Vitriolizable

Vitriolization

Vitriolized

Vitriolizing

Vituline

Vituperable

Vituperate

Vituperation

Vituperative

Vivacious

Vivaciousness

Vivacity

Vivary

Vive

Vively

Vivency

Vives

Vivianite

Vivid

Vividly

Vividness

Vivific

Vivificate

Vivification

Vivificative

Vivified

Vivify

Vivifying

Viviparous

Vixen

Vixenly

Viz

Vizard

Vizard

Vizier

Vocable

Vocabulary

Vocal

Vocal

Vocality

Vocalize

Vocalized

Vocalizing

Vocally

Vocation

Vocative

Vocative

Vociferate

Vociferate

Vociferating

Vociferation

Vociferous

Vogue

Voice

Voice

Voice

Voiced

Voiceless

Void

Void

Void

Void

Voidable

Voidance

Voided

Voider

Voiding

Voidness

Voiture

Volalkali

Volant

Volatile

Volatile

Volatileness

Volatilization

Volatilize

Volatilized

Volatilizing

Volcanic

Volcanist

Volcanite

Volcanity

Volcanization

Volcanize

Volcanized

Volcano

Vole

Volery

Volitation

Volition

Volitive

Volley

Volley

Volley

Volleyed

Volt

Voltaic

Voltaism

Volubilate

Volubility

Voluble

Volubly

Volume

Volumed

Voluminous

Voluminously

Voluminousness

Volumist

Voluntarily

Voluntariness

Voluntary

Voluntary

Volunteer

Volunteer

Volunteer

Volunteer

Voluptuary

Voluptuous

Voluptuously

Voluptuousness

Volutation

Volute

Volution

Volutite

Volvic

Vomic

Vomica

Vomit

Vomit

Vomit

Vomited

Vomiting

Vomiting

Vomition

Vomitive

Vomitory

Vomitory

Voracious

Voraciously

Voraciousness

Voracity

Voraginous

Vortex

Vortical

Votaress

Votarist

Votary

Votary

Vote

Vote

Vote

Voted

Voter

Voting

Votive

Vouch

Vouch

Vouch

Vouched

Vouchee

Voucher

Voucher

Vouching

Vouchsafe

Vouchsafe

Vouchsafed

Vouchsafement

Vouchsafing

Vow

Vow

Vow

Vowed

Vowel

Vowel

Voweled

Vower

Vow-Fellow

Vowing

Voyage

Voyage

Voyage

Voyager

Vulcanist

Vulcano

Vulgar

Vulgar

Vulgarism

Vulgarity

Vulgarize

Vulgarly

Vulgate

Vulgate

Vulnerable

Vulnerary

Vulnerary

Vulnerate

Vulneration

Vulpine

Vulpinite

Vultur

Vulturine

W

W

Wabble

Wacke

Wad

Wad

Wadded

Wadding

Waddle

Waddling

Waddlingly

Wade

Wade

Wading

Wadsett

Wadsetter

Wafer

Wafer

Waft

Waft

Waft

Waftage

Wafted

Wafter

Wafting

Wafture

Wag

Wag

Wag

Wage

Waged

Wager

Wager

Wagered

Wagerer

Wagering

Wages

Waggel

Waggery

Waggish

Waggishly

Waggishness

Waggle

Waggle

Wagon

Wagon

Wagon

Wagonage

Wagoner

Wagoning

Wagoning

Wagtail

Waid

Waif

Wail

Wail

Wail

Wailful

Wailing

Wailing

Wailment

Wain

Wainage

Wain-Bote

Wain-House

Wain-Rope

Wainscot

Wainscot

Wainscoted

Wainscoting

Wair

Waist

Waistband

Waistcloths

Waistcoat

Waister

Wait

Wait

Wait

Waiter

Waiting

Waiting-Maid

Waits

Waive

Waiwode

Wake

Wake

Wake

Wakeful

Wakefully

Wakefulness

Waken

Waken

Wakened

Wakener

Wakening

Waker

Wake-Robin

Waking

Waking

Wale

Wale-Knot

Walk

Walk

Walk

Walkable

Walker

Walking

Walking

Walking-Staff

Walk-Mill

Wall

Wall-Creeper

Wall-Cress

Wall-Eye

Wall-Eyed

Wall-Flower

Wall-Fruit

Wall-Louse

Wall-Moss

Wall-Pennywort

Wall-Pepper

Wall-Pie

Wall-Sided

Wall-Spring

Wall-Wort

Wall

Walled

Waller

Wallerite

Wallet

Walling

Walling

Wallop

Walloping

Wallow

Wallow

Wallow

Wallower

Wallowing

Walnut

Walrus

Waltron

Waltz

Wamble

Wamble-Cropped

Wampee

Wampum

Wan

Wan

Wand

Wander

Wander

Wanderer

Wandering

Wandering

Wanderingly

Wanderoo

Wane

Wane

Wane

Wang

Wang-Tooth

Wanhope

Wanhorn

Waning

Wanly

Wanned

Wanness

Wannish

Want

Want

Want

Wantage

Wanted

Wanting

Wantless

Wanton

Wanton

Wanton

Wantoning

Wantonize

Wantonly

Wantonness

Want-Wit

Wanty

Wapacut

Waped

Wapentake

Wapp

Wappe

Wapper

War

War

War

War-Beat

Warble

Warble

Warbled

Warbler

Warbles

Warbling

Warbling

Ward

Ward

Ward

Ward

Warded

Warden

Warder

Wardmote

Wardrobe

Ward-Room

Wardship

Ward-Staff

Ware

Ware

Ware

Ware

Ware

Wareful

Warefulness

Warehouse

Warehouse

Warehoused

Warehousing

Wareless

Warely

Warfare

Warfare

Warhable

Warhoop

Warily

Warine

Wariness

Wark

Warlike

Warlikeness

Warling

Warlock

Warm

Warm

Warm

Warmed

Warming

Warming-Pan

Warming-Stone

Warmly

Warmness

Warn

Warned

Warner

Warning

Warning

War-Office

Warp

Warp

Warp

Warped

Warping

Warping-Bank

Warping-Clough

Warping-Cut

Warping-Hook

Warping-Post

Warproof

Warrant

Warrant

Warrantable

Warrantableness

Warrantably

Warranted

Warrantee

Warranter

Warranting

Warrantise

Warrantor

Warranty

Warranty

Warray

Warre

Warren

Warrener

Warriangle

Warrior

Warrioress

Wart

Warted

Wartwort

Warty

War-Worn

Wary

Was

Wash

Wash

Wash

Wash-Ball

Wash-Board

Washed

Washer

Washer-Woman

Washing

Washing

Wash-Pot

Wash-Tub

Washy

Wasp

Wasp-Fly

Waspish

Waspishly

Waspishness

Wassail

Wassail

Wassail-Bowl

Wassail-Cup

Wassailer

Wast

Waste

Waste

Waste

Waste

Wasted

Wasteful

Wastefully

Wastefulness

Waste-Gate

Wastel

Wasteness

Waster

Wastethrift

Waste-Wier

Wasting

Wastrel

Wastrel

Watch

Watch

Watch

Watched

Watcher

Watchet

Watchful

Watchfully

Watchfulness

Watch-Glass

Watch-House

Watching

Watching

Watch-Light

Watchmaker

Watchman

Watchtower

Watchword

Water

Water-Bearer

Water-Bellows

Water-Borne

Water-Calamint

Water-Carriage

Water-Cart

Water-Clock

Water-Color

Water-Course

Water-Cress

Water-Crowfoot

Water-Drop

Water-Dropwort

Water-Elephant

Water-Engine

Waterfall

Water-Flag

Water-Flood

Water-Fly

Water-Fowl

Water-Fox

Water-Furrow

Water-Furrow

Water-Gage

Water-Gall

Water-Germander

Water-God

Water-Gruel

Water-Hammer

Water-Hair-Grass

Water-Hemp-Agrimony

Water-Hen

Water-Hog

Water-Laurel

Water-Leaf

Waterless

Water-Level

Water-Lily

Water-Line

Water-Logged

Waterman

Water-Mark

Water-Melon

Water-Mill

Water-Mint

Water-Newt

Water-Ordeal

Water-Ouzel

Water-Parsnep

Water-Poa

Water-Poise

Water-Pot

Water-Proof

Water-Radish

Water-Rail

Water-Rat

Water-Rocket

Water-Rot

Water-Rotted

Water-Rotting

Water-Sail

Water-Sapphire

Water-Shoot

Water-Snake

Water-Soak

Water-Soaked

Water-Soldier

Water-Spaniel

Water-Spout

Water-Table

Water-Tath

Water-Thermometer

Water-Tight

Water-Trefoil

Water-Violet

Water-Way

Water-Wheel

Water-Willow

Water-With

Water-Work

Water-Wort

Water

Water

Waterage

Watered

Waterer

Wateriness

Watering

Watering

Watering-Place

Watering-Trough

Waterish

Waterishness

Waterless

Watery

Wattle

Wattle

Wattled

Wattling

Waul

Wauling

Wave

Wave

Wave

Wave

Waved

Waveless

Wavellite

Wave-Loaf

Wave-Offering

Waver

Waver

Waverer

Wavering

Waveringness

Wave-Subjected

Wave-Worn

Waving

Wavy

Wax

Wax

Wax

Wax-Bill

Wax-Candle

Wax-Chandler

Waxed

Waxen

Waxing

Waxing

Wax-Myrtle

Wax-Palm

Wax-Work

Waxy

Way

Way-Bread

Wayfarer

Wayfaring

Wayfaring-Tree

Waylaid

Waylay

Waylayer

Way-Leave

Wayless

Way-Maker

Way-Mark

Wayment

Way-Pane

Way-Thistle

Wayward

Way-Warden

Waywardly

Waywardness

Way-Wiser

Waywode

Waywodeship

We

Weak

Weak

Weak

Weaken

Weakened

Weakener

Weakening

Weak-Hearted

Weakling

Weakly

Weakly

Weakness

Weakside

Weal

Weal

Wealsman

Wealth

Wealthily

Wealthiness

Wealthy

Wean

Weaned

Weanel

Weaning

Weapon

Weaponed

Weaponless

Weapon-Salve

Wear

Wear

Wear

Wear

Wearable

Weard

Wearer

Weariness

Wearing

Wearing

Wearish

Wearisome

Wearisomely

Wearisomeness

Weary

Weary

Weasand

Weasel

Weasel-Coot

Weather

Weather

Weather-Beaten

Weather-Bit

Weather-Board

Weather-Boarding

Weather-Boards

Weather-Cloths

Weather-Cock

Weather-Driven

Weather-Fend

Weather-Gage

Weather-Glass

Weather-Helm

Weathermost

Weather-Proof

Weather-Roll

Weather-Spy

Weather-Tide

Weather-Wise

Weather-Wiser

Weathered

Weathering

Weave

Weave

Weaver

Weaver-Fish

Weaving

Weaving

Web

Webbed

Web-Footed

Wed

Wed

Wed

Wedded

Wedding

Wedding

Wedding-Clothes

Wedding-Day

Wedding-Feast

Wedge

Wedge

Wedged

Wedge-Shaped

Wedging

Wedlock

Wedlock

Wedlocked

Wednesday

Wee

Weechelm

Weed

Weed

Weed

Weeded

Weeder

Weed-Hook

Weeding

Weeding

Weeding-Chisel

Weeding-Forceps

Weeding-Fork

Weeding-Rhim

Weedless

Weedy

Week

Week-Day

Weekly

Weekly

Weel

Weel

Ween

Weening

Weep

Weep

Weeper

Weeping

Weeping

Weeping-Rock

Weeping-Spring

Weeping-Willow

Weerish

Weesel

Weet

Weetless

Weever

Weevil

Weft

Weft

Weft

Weftage

Weigh

Weigh

Weigh

Weighable

Weghed

Weigher

Weighing

Weighing

Weighing-Cage

Weighing-House

Weighing-Machine

Weight

Weightily

Weightiness

Weightless

Weighty

Weird

Weive

Welaway

Welcome

Welcome

Welcome

Welcome

Welcomed

Welcomely

Welcomeness

Welcomer

Welcoming

Weld

Weld

Weld

Welded

Welder

Welding

Welding-Heat

Welfare

Welk

Welk

Welked

Welkin

Welking

Well

Well-Drain

Well-Drain

Well-Hole

Well-Room

Well-Spring

Well-Water

Well

Well

Well

Well

Welladay

Wellbeing

Well-Beloved

Well-Born

Well-Bred

Well-Done

Wellfare

Well-Favored

Well-Grounded

Well-Head

Well-Intentioned

Well-Mannered

Well-Meaner

Well-Meaning

Well-Met

Well-Minded

Well-Moralized

Well-Natured

Well-Nigh

Well-Spent

Well-Spoken

Well-Willer

Well-Wish

Well-Wisher

Welsh

Welsh

Welt

Welt

Welter

Weltering

Wem

Wem

Wen

Wench

Wench

Wencher

Wenching

Wend

Wennel

Wennish

Went

Wept

Were

Were

Weregild

Wernerian

Wernerite

Wert

Wesil

West

West

West

West

Westering

Westerly

Westerly

Western

Westing

Westward

Westwardly

Wet

Wet

Wet

Wether

Wetness

Wettish

Wex

Wezand

Whack

Whale

Whalebone

Whale-Fishery

Whaly

Whame

Whang

Whang

Whap

Whapper

Wharf

Wharf

Wharfage

Wharfing

Wharfinger

What

What

Whatever

Whatsoever

Wheal

Wheat

Wheat-Bird

Wheat-Ear

Wheaten

Wheat-Plum

Wheedle

Wheedle

Wheedled

Wheedling

Wheedling

Wheel

Wheel-Animal

Wheel-Barrow

Wheel-Boat

Wheel-Carriage

Wheeler

Wheel-Fire

Wheel-Shaped

Wheel-Wright

Wheel

Wheel

Wheeled

Wheeling

Wheeling

Wheely

Wheeze

Wheezing

Whelk

Whelky

Whelm

Whelmed

Whelming

Whelp

Whelp

When

Whence

Whencesoever

Whencever

Whenever

Whensoever

Where

Whereabout

Whereas

Whereat

Whereby

Wherefore

Wherein

Whereinto

Whereness

Whereof

Whereon

Whereso

Wheresoever

Wherethrough

Whereto

Whereunto

Whereupon

Wherever

Wherewith

Wherewithal

Wherret

Wherret

Wherry

Whet

Whet

Whether

Whetstone

Whetstone-Slate

Whetted

Whetter

Whetting

Whewer

Whey

Wheyey

Wheyish

Whey-Tub

Which

Whichever

Whiff

Whiff

Whiffle

Whiffle

Whiffle

Whiffler

Whiffling

Whiffling

Whig

Whig

Whiggarchy

Whiggish

Whiggism

While

While

While

While

Whilere

Whiling

Whilk

Whilom

Whilst

Whim

Whimper

Whimpering

Whimpering

Whimpled

Whimsey

Whimsical

Whimsically

Whimsicalness

Whin

Whin-Ax

Whinbrel

Whin-Chat

Whine

Whine

Whiner

Whining

Whinny

Whinoc

Whin-Stone

Whin-Yard

Whip

Whip

Whip

Whip-Cord

Whipgraft

Whip-Grafting

Whip-Hand

Whip-Lash

Whipped

Whipper

Whipping

Whipping

Whipping-Post

Whipple-Tree

Whippowil

Whip-Saw

Whip-Staff

Whipster

Whip-Stitch

Whip-Stock

Whipt

Whir

Whir

Whirl

Whirl

Whirl

Whirl-Bat

Whirl-Blast

Whirl-Bone

Whirled

Whirligig

Whirling

Whirling-Table

Whirl-Pit

Whirlpool

Whirlwind

Whirraw

Whirring

Whisk

Whisk

Whisk

Whisker

Whiskered

Whisket

Whisking

Whisky

Whisper

Whisper

Whisper

Whispered

Whisperer

Whispering

Whispering

Whisperingly

Whist

Whist

Whistle

Whistle

Whistle

Whistled

Whistle-Fish

Whistler

Whistling

Whistly

Whit

White

White-Bait

White-Beam

White-Bear

White-Brant

White-Bug

White-Campion

White-Caterpillar

White-Centaury

White-Clover

White-Crop

White-Darnel

White-Ear

White-Face

White-Film

White-Foot

White-Honeysuckle

White-Horse-Fish

White-Land

White-Lead

White-Limed

White-Line

White-Livered

White-Manganese

White-Meat

White-Poplar

White-Poppy

White-Pot

White-Precipitate

White-Pyrite

White-Rent

White-Salt

Whitester

Whitestone

White-Swelling

White-Tail

White-Thorn

White-Throat

White-Vitriol

Whitewash

Whitewash

Whitewashed

White-Washer

Whitewashing

White-Water

White-Wax

White-Wine

Whitewood

White

White

Whited

Whitely

Whiten

Whiten

Whitened

Whitener

Whiteness

Whites

Whither

Whithersoever

Whiting

Whitish

Whitishness

Whitleather

Whitlow

Whitlow-Grass

Whitsour

Whitster

Whitsul

Whitsuntide

Whitten-Tree

Whittle

Whittle

Whity-Brown

Whiz

Whiz

Whizzing

Who

Whoever

Whole

Whole

Wholesale

Wholesale

Wholesome

Wholesomely

Wholesomeness

Wholly

Whom

Whomsoever

Whoobub

Whoop

Whoop

Whoop

Whoot

Whop

Whore

Whore

Whore

Whoredom

Whoremaster

Whoremonger

Whoreson

Whorish

Whorishly

Whorishness

Whorl

Whort

Whortleberry

Whose

Whosesoever

Whoso

Whosoever

Whur

Whur

Whurt

Why

Wi

Wic

Wick

Wicked

Wickedly

Wickedness

Wicken

Wicker

Wicket

Wickliffite

Wide

Wide

Widely

Widen

Widen

Widened

Wideness

Widening

Widgeon

Widow

Widow

Widow-Bench

Widowed

Widower

Widowhood

Widow-Hunter

Widowing

Widow-Maker

Widow-Wail

Width

Wield

Wielded

Wielding

Wieldless

Wieldy

Wiery

Wife

Wig

Wig

Wigeon

Wight

Wight

Wightly

Wigwam

Wild

Wild

Wildfire

Wild-Fowl

Wild-Goose

Wild-Honey

Wild-Land

Wild-Service

Wilder

Wildered

Wildering

Wilderness

Wilding

Wildly

Wildness

Wilds

Wile

Wile

Wilily

Wiliness

Wilk

Will

Will

Willed

Willer

Willful

Willfully

Willfulness

Willing

Willing

Willing-Hearted

Willingly

Willingness

Willow

Willowed

Willow-Gall

Willow-Herb

Willowish

Willow-Tufted

Willow-Weed

Willow-Wort

Willowy

Wilt

Wilt

Wilted

Wilting

Wily

Wimble

Wimble

Wimbrel

Wimple

Wimple

Win

Win

Wince

Wincer

Winch

Winch

Winching

Wincopipe

Wind

Windage

Windbound

Wind-Dropsy

Wind-Egg

Winder

Winder-Meb

Windfall

Wind-Fallen

Wind-Flower

Wind-Furnace

Wind-Gage

Wind-Gall

Wind-Gun

Wind-Hatch

Wind-Hover

Windiness

Wind-Instrument

Windlas

Windle

Wind-Mill

Windpipe

Wind-Pump

Wind-Rode

Windrow

Wind-Sail

Windseed

Wind-Shock

Wind-Tight

Windward

Windward

Windward

Windy

Wind

Wind

Winder

Winding

Winding

Winding-Engine

Winding-Sheet

Winding-Tackle

Window

Window

Window-Blind

Window-Frame

Window-Glass

Window-Sash

Windowy

Wine

Wine-Bibber

Wine-Cask

Wine-Fly

Wine-Glass

Wineless

Wine-Measure

Wine-Merchant

Wine-Press

Wing

Wing

Winged

Winged-Pea

Wing-Footed

Wingless

Wing-Shell

Wingy

Wink

Wink

Winker

Winking

Winkingly

Winner

Winning

Winning

Winnow

Winnow

Winnowed

Winnower

Winnowing

Winter

Winter

Winter

Winter-Apple

Winter-Barley

Winter-Beaten

Winter-Berry

Winter-Bloom

Winter-Cherry

Winter-Citron

Winter-Cress

Winter-Crop

Winter-Fallow

Winter-Garden

Winter-Green

Winter-Kill

Winter-Kill

Winter-Killed

Winter-Killing

Winter-Lodge

Winter-Pear

Winter-Quarters

Winter-Rig

Winter-Solstice

Wintered

Wintering

Winterly

Wintery

Winy

Wipe

Wipe

Wiped

Wiper

Wiping

Wire

Wire

Wiredraw

Wiredrawer

Wiredrawing

Wiredrawn

Wire-Grate

Wire-Heel

Wire-Worm

Wiry

Wis

Wisdom

Wise

Wise

Wiseacre

Wise-Hearted

Wiseling

Wisely

Wiseness

Wish

Wish

Wish

Wished

Wisher

Wishful

Wishfully

Wishing

Wisket

Wisp

Wist

Wistful

Wistfully

Wistit

Wistly

Wit

Wit

Witch

Witch

Witchcraft

Witch-Elm

Witchery

Witch-Hazel

Wit-Cracker

Wit-Craft

Wite

Wite

Witeless

Wit-Fish

With

With

Withal

Withdraw

Withdraw

Withdrawing

Withdrawing-Room

Withdrawment

Withdrawn

Wither

Wither

Wither-Band

Withered

Witheredness

Withering

Witherite

Withernam

Withers

Wither-Wrung

Withheld

Withhold

Withholden

Withholder

Withholding

Within

Within

Withinside

Without

Without

Withouten

Withstand

Withstander

Withstanding

With-Vine

Withwind

Withy

Withy

Witless

Witlessly

Witling

Witness

Witness

Witness

Witnessed

Witnessing

Wit-Snapper

Wit-Starved

Witted

Witticism

Wittily

Wittiness

Wittingly

Wittol

Wittolly

Witty

Witwall

Wit-Worm

Wive

Wive

Wivehood

Wiveless

Wively

Wiver

Wives

Wizard

Wizard

Wizen

Wo

Woad

Woad-Mill

Wobegone

Wodanium

Woesome

Woft

Woful

Wofully

Wofulness

Wold

Wolf

Wolf-Dog

Wolf-Fish

Wolfish

Wolf-Net

Wolfram

Wolfs-Bane

Wolfs-Claw

Wolfs-Milk

Wolfs-Peach

Wolverin

Wolvish

Woman

Woman

Womaned

Woman-Hater

Womanhood

Womanise

Womanish

Womankind

Womanly

Womanly

Womb

Womb

Wombat

Womby

Women

Won

Won

Won

Wonder

Wonder

Wonderer

Wonderful

Wonderfully

Wonderfulness

Wondering

Wonderment

Wonderstruck

Wonder-Working

Wondrous

Wondrous

Wondrously

Wont

Wont

Wont

Wont

Wonted

Wontdness

Wontless

Woo

Woo

Wood

Wood

Wood

Wood-Anemone

Wood-Ashes

Wood-Bind

Wood-Bound

Wood-Chat

Woodchuk

Wood-Coal

Wood-Cock

Wood-Cock Shell

Wood-Drink

Wooded

Wooden

Wood-Engraving

Wood-Fretter

Wood-Hole

Wood-House

Wooding

Wood-Land

Wood-Lark

Wood-Layer

Woodless

Wood-Lock

Wood-Louse

Woodman

Wood-Meil

Wood-Mite

Wood-Monger

Wood-Mote

Woodness

Wood-Nightshade

Wood-Note

Wood-Nymph

Wood-Offering

Woodpecker

Wood-Pigeon

Wood-Puceron

Woodreve

Wood-Roof

Wood-Sage

Wood-Sare

Wood-Seere

Wood-Shock

Wood-Soot

Wood-Sorrel

Wood-Spite

Wood-Stone

Wood-Ward

Wood-Wash

Wood-Waxen

Wood-Worm

Woody

Wooer

Woof

Wooing

Wooingly

Wool

Wool-Ball

Wool-Comber

Woold

Woolded

Woolder

Woolding

Woolding

Wool-Driver

Woolen

Woolen

Woolen-Draper

Woolfel

Wooliness

Woolly

Woolly-Pastinum

Woolpack

Woolsack

Wool-Staple

Wool-Stapler

Wool-Trade

Woolward

Wool-Winder

Woop

Woos

Woots

Word

Word

Word

Word-Catcher

Worded

Worder

Wordiness

Wording

Wording

Wordish

Wordishness

Wordless

Wordy

Wore

Wore

Work

Work

Work

Worked

Worker

Work-Fellow

Work-Folk

Workhouse

Working

Working

Working-Day

Workman

Workmanlike

Workmanly

Workmanly

Workmanship

Workmaster

Workshop

Workwoman

World

Worldliness

Worldling

Worldly

Worldly

Worldly-Minded

Worldly-Mindedness

Worm

Worm

Worm

Worm-Eaten

Wormed

Worm-Grass

Worming

Wormlike

Worm-Powder

Worm-Seed

Worm-Tincture

Wormwood

Wormwood-Fly

Wormy

Worn

Wornil

Worral

Worried

Worrier

Worry

Worrying

Worse

Worse

Worse

Worsen

Worser

Worship

Worship

Worship

Worshiped

Worshiper

Worshipful

Worshipfully

Worshiping

Worst

Worst

Worst

Worsted

Worsted

Worsted

Wort

Worth

Worth

Worth

Worth

Worthily

Worthiness

Worthless

Worthlessness

Worthy

Worthy

Worthy

Wot

Would

Woulding

Wound

Wound

Wound

Wounded

Wounder

Wounding

Wounding

Woundless

Woundwort

Woundy

Wove

Wox

Wrack

Wrain-Bolt

Wrangle

Wrangle

Wrangle

Wrangler

Wranglesome

Wrangling

Wrangling

Wrap

Wrapped

Wrapper

Wrapping

Wrap-Rascal

Wrass

Wrath

Wrathful

Wrathfully

Wrathfulness

Wrathless

Wrathy

Wrawl

Wreak

Wreak

Wreak

Wreakful

Wreakless

Wreath

Wreath

Wreath

Wreathed

Wreathing

Wreathy

Wreck

Wreck

Wreck

Wrecked

Wreckful

Wrecking

Wren

Wrench

Wrench

Wrest

Wrest

Wrested

Wrester

Wresting

Wrestle

Wrestler

Wrestling

Wrestling

Wretch

Wretched

Wretchedly

Wretchedness

Wretchless

Wrig

Wriggle

Wriggle

Wriggler

Wriggling

Wright

Wring

Wring

Wring

Wring-Bolt

Wringed

Wringer

Wringing

Wring-Staves

Wrinkle

Wrinkle

Wrinkle

Wrinkled

Wrinkling

Wrist

Wristband

Writ

Writ

Write

Write

Writer

Writhe

Writhe

Writhed

Writhing

Writhle

Writing

Writing

Writing-Master

Written

Wrizzled

Wroken

Wrong

Wrong

Wrong

Wrong

Wrong-Doer

Wrong-Doing

Wronged

Wronger

Wrongful

Wrongfully

Wronghead

Wrongheadedness

Wronglessly

Wrongly

Wrongness

Wrote

Wroth

Wrought

Wrung

Wry

Wry

Wry

Wryneck

Wrynecked

Wryness

Wych-Elm

X

X

Xanthid

Xanthogene

Xebec

Xerocollyrium

Xeromyrum

Xerophagy

Xerophthalmy

Xiphias

Xiphoid

Xylography

Xyster

Y

Y

Y

Yacht

Yager

Yahoo

Yak

Yam

Yamboo

Yankee

Yanolite

Yap

Yapon

Yard

Yard

Yard-Arm

Yard-Stick

Yard-Wand

Yare

Yarely

Yarn

Yarr

Yarrish

Yarrow

Yate

Yaw

Yaw

Yawl

Yawl

Yawn

Yawn

Yawning

Yawning

Yaws

Yclad

Ycleped

Ydrad

Ye

Yea

Yead

Yean

Yeaned

Yeanling

Year

Year-Book

Yeared

Yearling

Yearling

Yearly

Yearly

Yearn

Yearn

Yearnful

Yearning

Yearning

Yeast

Yeasty

Yelk

Yell

Yell

Yelling

Yelling

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow-Blossomed

Yellow-Boy

Yellow-Earth

Yellow-Fever

Yellow-Golds

Yellow-Hammer

Yellowish

Yellowishness

Yellowness

Yellows

Yelp

Yelping

Yenite

Yeoman

Yeomanly

Yeomanry

Yerk

Yerk

Yerking

Yern

Yes

Yest

Yester

Yesterday

Yesternight

Yesty

Yet

Yet

Yew

Yew

Yewen

Yex

Yex

Yfere

Yield

Yield

Yieldableness

Yieldance

Yielded

Yielder

Yielding

Yielding

Yieldingly

Yieldingness

Yojan

Yoke

Yoke

Yoked

Yoke-Elm

Yoke-Fellow

Yoking

Yold

Yolk

Yon

Yon

Yond

Yore

You

Young

Young

Younger

Youngest

Youngish

Youngling

Youngly

Youngster

Youngth

Younker

Your

Yourself

Youth

Youthful

Youthfully

Youthly

Youthy

Ypight

Yttria

Yttrious

Yttrium

Yttro-Cerite

Yttro-Columbite

Yttro-Tantalite

Yuck

Yufts

Yug

Yulan

Yule

Yux

Yux

Z

Z

Zabaism

Zaccho

Zaffer

Zany

Zany

Zapote

Zarnich

Zea

Zeal

Zealot

Zealotical

Zealous

Zealously

Zealousness

Zebra

Zebu

Zechin

Zedoary

Zeine

Zemindar

Zemindary

Zend

Zendavesta

Zenith

Zeolite

Zeolitic

Zeolitiform

Zephyr

Zerda

Zero

Zest

Zest

Zeta

Zetetic

Zeugma

Zibet

Zigzag

Zigzag

Zigzag

Zimome

Zink

Zinkiferous

Zinky

Zircon

Zirconia

Zirconite

Zirconium

Zivolo

Zizel

Zocco

Zodiac

Zodiacal

Zoisite

Zone

Zoned

Zonnar

Zoographer

Zoographical

Zoography

Zoolite

Zooloogical

Zoologically

Zoologist

Zoology

Zoonic

Zoonomy

Zoophite

Zoophoric

Zoophorus

Zoophyte

Zoophytological

Zoophytology

Zootomist

Zootomy

Zoril

Zuffolo

Zumate

Zumic

Zumological

Zumologist

Zumology

Zumosimeter

Zurlite

Zygodactylous

Zygomatic

Abandon

Abandonment

Able

Abscission

Algates

Alienism

Allodium

Amatorious

Ambilevous

Ancient

Animalize

Answer

Approaching

Apron

Are

Atrocious

Autochthon

Barratrous

Barratrously

Barreled

Basilical

Bawler

Bareheadedness

Beastish

Bettering-House

Bewailer

Bleakish

Bonus

Bookstore

Blebby

Breakfast

Brutism

Burglarian

Capsule

Cementitious

Ceremonially

Chunk

Chyliferous

Chymification

Chymfied

Chymify

Circumstantial

Co-Adjutorship

Cog

Cohesibility

Cohesible

Concentrate

Conduction

Craniognomy

Dactylar

Denarcotize

Depositary

Digestibility

Diminishable

Dishonor

Disobligement

Dissociable

Duffel

Dynamics

Emphasize

Enable

Episodically

Etherialize

Etherialized

Extra-Dotal

Eyestone

Footstalk

Gang

Geodiferous

Geogonic

Grave

Hexadactylous

Impotence

Intendedly

Life

Magnifically

Mandatary

Monarchize

Monitorial

Monodactylous

Monodist

Nitrification

Nitrify

Numerously

Object

Obnoxious

Paraphernal

Palsy

Postnuptial

Prairy

Prize

Proven

Pyrrhin

Racket

Re-Imprison

Re-Imprisoned

Re-Imprisoning

Re-Imprisonment

Salutatory

Sea-Worthiness

Sideroscope

Skimington

Stockholder

Synergetic

Tegumentary

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

A

A

A is the first letter of the Alphabet in most of the known languages of the earth; in the Ethiopic however it is the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound naturally formed by the human organs: being the sound uttered with a mere opening of the mouth without constraint, and without any effort to alter the natural position or configuration of the lips. Hence this letter is found in many words first uttered by infants; which words are the names of the objects with which infants are first concerned, as the breast, and the parents. Hence in Hebrew am, is mother, and ab, is father. In Chaldee and Syriac abba is father; in Arabic, aba; in Ethiopic, abi; in Malayan and Bengalese, bappa; in Welsh, tad, whence we retain daddy; in Old Greek and in Gothic atta; in Irish, aithair; in Cantabrian, aita; in Lapponic, aiki; in Abyssinian, abba; in Amharic, aba; in Shilhic and Melindane, African dialects, baba; and papa is found in many nations. Hence the Latin mamma, the breast, which is, in popular use, the name of mother; in Swedish, amma, is a nurse. This list might be greatly extended; but these examples prove A to be the first natural vocal sound, and entitled to the first place in alphabets. The Hebrew name of this letter, aleph, signifies an ox or a leader.

A has in English, three sounds; the long or slender, as in place, fate; the broad, as in wall, fall, which is shortened in salt, what; and the open, as in father, glass, which is shortened in rather, fancy. Its primitive sound was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation of the Saxon an or ane, one, used before words beginning with an articulation; as a table, instead of an table, or one table. This is a modern change; for in Saxon an was used before articulations, as well as vowels, as, an tid, a time, an gear, a year [See An.]

This letter serves as a prefix to many English words, as in asleep; awake; afoot; aground; agoing. In some cases, this is a contraction of the Teutonic ge, as in asleep, aware, from the Saxon geslapan, to sleep; gewarian, to beware; the Dutch gewaar. Sometimes it is a corruption of the Saxon on, as again from ongean, awake from onwacian, to watch or wake. Before participles, it may be a contraction of the Celtic ag, the sign of the participle of the present tense; as, ag-radh, saying; a saying, a going. Or this may be a contraction of on, or what is equally probable, it may have proceeded from a mere accidental sound produced by negligent utterance. In some words, a may be a contraction of at, of, in, to, or an. In some words of Greek original, a is privative, giving to them a negative sense, as in anonymous, from a and name.

Among the ancients, A was a numeral denoting 500; and with a dash A 5000. In the Hebrew, Syriac Chaldee Samaritan and Arabic it denotes one or unity. In the Julian Calendar, A is the first of the seven dominical letters.

Among logicians, A, as an abbreviation, stands for a universal affirmative proposition. A asserts; E denies. Thus in barbara, a thrice repeated denotes so many of the propositions to be universal.

The Romans used A to signify a negative or dissent in giving their votes; A standing for antiquo, I oppose or object to the proposed law. Opposed to this letter were U R, uti rogas, be it as you desireÃ‚--the words used to express assent to a proposition. These letters were marked on wooden ballots, and each voter had an affirmative and a negative put into his hands, one of which at pleasure he gave as his vote.Ã‚--In criminal trials, A stood for absolvo, I acquit; C for condemno, I condemn; and N L for non liquet, it is not evident; and the judges voted by ballots thus marked.Ã‚--In inscriptions, A stands for Augustus; or for ager, aiunt, aurum, argentum, &c.

A is also used for anno, or ante; as in Anno Domini, the year of our Lord; anno mundi, the year of the world; ante meridiem, before noon; and for arts, in artium magister, master of arts. Among the Romans, A U C stood for anno ab urbe condita, from the building of the city or Rome.

In algebra, a and the first letters of the alphabet represent known quantitiesÃ‚--the last letters are sometimes used to represent unknown quantities.

In music, A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scaleÃ‚--called by Guido la. It is also the name of one of the two natural moods; and it is the open note of the 2d string of the violin, by which the other strings are tuned and regulated.

In pharmacy, a or aa, abbreviations of the Greek ana, signify of each separately, or that the things mentioned should be taken in quantities of the same weight or measure.

In chimistry, A A A stand for amalgama, or amalgamation.

In commerce, A stands for accepted, as in case of a bill of exchange. Merchants also number their books by the lettersÃ‚--A, B, C, instead of figures. Public officers number their exhibits in the same manner; as the document A, or B.

Alpha and Omega, the first and last letters of the Greek Alphabet, are used in Scripture for the beginning and endÃ‚--representative of Christ.

In mathematics, letters are used as representatives of numbers, lines, angles and quantities. In arguments, letters are substituted for persons, in cases supposed, or stated for illustration, as A contracts with B to deliver property to DutchÃ‚--In the English phraseology "a landlord has a hundred a year," "the sum amounted to ten dollars a man," a is merely the adjective one, and this mode of expression is idiomatic; a hundred in a [one] year; ten dollars to a [one] man.

Aam

AAM, noun [Chaldee for a cubit, a measure containing 5 or 6 palms.] A measure of liquids among the Dutch equal to 288 English pints.

Aaronic

AARON'IC, adjective Pertaining to Aaron, the Jewish High Priest, or to the priesthood of which he was the head.

Doddridge.

Ab

AB, In English names, is an abbreviation of Abbey or Abbot; as Abbingdon, Abbey-town, Abbeyhill, Abbot-town.

Ab

AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposition, as in abscond, is the Greek and the of, German ab, Dutch af, Swedish Danish af, written in ancient Latin af. It denotes from, separating or departure.

Ab

AB, The Hebrew name of Father. See Abba.

Ab

AB, The eleventh month of the Jewish civil year, and the fifth of the ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of July, and a part of August. In the Syriac Calendar, ab is the name of the last summer month.

Abacist

AB'ACIST, noun [from abacus.]

One that casts accounts; a calculator. [Not much used.]

Aback

ABACK' adverb [a and back, Saxon on boec; at, on or towards the back. See Back.]

Towards the back; on the back part; backward. In seamen's language it signifies the situation of the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the wind.

Taken aback, is when the sails are carried back suddenly by the wind.

Laid aback, is when the sails are purposely placed in that situation to give the ship sternway.

Mariner's Dict.

Abacot

AB'ACOT, noun The cap of State, formerly used by English Kings, wrought into the figure of two crowns.

Abactor

ABAC'TOR, noun [Latin from abigo, ab and ago, to drive.]

In law, one that feloniously drives away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in distinction from one that steals a sheep or two.

Abacus

AB'ACUS noun [Latin abacus, any thing flat, as a cupboard, a bench, a slate, a table or board for games; Greek Usually deduced from the Oriental, abak, dust, because the ancients used tables covered with dust for making figures and diagrams.]

1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or buffet.

2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arithmetic; on this are drawn lines; a counter on the lowest line, is one; on the next, ten; on the third, a hundred, &c. On the spaces, counters denote half the number of the line above. Other schemes are called by the same name. The name is also given to a table of numbers cast up, as an abacus of addition; and by analogy, to the art of numbering, as in Knighton's Chronicon.

Encyc.

3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper member or crowning of a column and its capital. It is usually square, but sometimes its sides are arched inwards. The name is also given to a concave molding on the capital of the Tuscan pedestal; and to the plinth above the boultin in the Tuscan and Doric orders.

Encyc.

Abacus Pythagoricus

AB'ACUS PYTHAGORICUS, The multiplication table, invented by Pythagoras.

Abacus Harmonicus

ABACUS HARMONICUS, The structure and disposition of the keys of a musical instrument.

Abacus Major

ABACUS MAJOR, A trough used in mines, to wash ore in.

Encyc.

Abada

AB'ADA, noun A wild animal of Africa, of the size of a steer, or half grown colt, having two horns on its forehead and a third on the nape of the neck. Its head and tail resemble those of an ox, but it has cloven feet, like the stag.

Cyc.

Abaddon

ABAD'DON, noun [Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan to be lost, or destroyed, to perish.]

1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit. Revelation 9.

2. The bottomless pit.

Milton.

Abaft

AB'AFT, adverb or preposition [Saxon eft or oeft, again. Hence efter or oefter, after, subsequent; Saxon oeftan, behind in place; to which word be is prefixedÃ‚--beoeftan, behind, and this word is corrupted into abaft.]

A sea-term signifying in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which lie towards the stern; opposed to afore. Relatively it denotes further aft or towards the stern; as abaft the mainmast. Abaft the beam, is in that arch of the horizon which is between a line drawn at right angles with the keel, and the point to which the stern is directed. It is often contracted into aft.

Mar. Dict.

Abagun

AB'AGUN, noun The name of a fowl in Ethiopia, remarkable for its beauty and for a sort of horn, growing on its head. The word signifies stately Abbot.

Crabbe.

Abaisance

ABAISANCE, [See Obeisance.]

Abalienate

ABALIENATE v.t. [See Alienate, Aliene]. To transfer the title of property from one to anotherÃ‚--a term of the civil lawÃ‚--rarely or never used in common law proceedings.

Abalienation

ABALIENA'TION, noun The transferring of title to property. [See Alienation.]

Abandon

ABAN'DON, v.t. [French abandonner; Spanish and Portugese abandonar; Italian abbandonare; said to be from ban, and donner, to give over to the ban or proscription; or from a or ab and bandum, a flag or ensign.]

1. To forsake entirely; as to abandon a hopeless enterprize.

Wo to that generation by which the testimony of God shall be abandoned.

Dr. Mason.

2. To renounce and forsake; to leave with a view never to return; to desert as lost or desperate; as to abandon a country; to abandon a cause or party.

3. To give up or resign without control, as when a person yields himself, without restraint, to a propensity; as to abandon one's self to intemperance. Abandoned over and abandoned of are obsolete.

4. To resign; to yield, relinquish, or give over entirely.

Verus abandoned the cares of empire to his wiser colleague.

Gibbon.

Abandon

ABAN'DON, noun One who totally forsakes or deserts. Obs.

2. A relinquishment. [Not used.]

Kames.

Abandoned

ABAN'DONED, participle passive Wholly forsaken or deserted.

2. Given up, as to a vice; hence, extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked.

Abandoner

ABAN'DONER, noun One who abandons.

Abandoning

ABAN'DONING, participle of the present tense Forsaking or deserting wholly; renouncing; yielding one's self without restraint.

Abandoning

ABAN'DONING, noun A forsaking; total desertion.

He hoped his past meritorious actions might outweigh his present abandoning the thought of future actions.

Clarendon.

Abandonment

ABAN'DONMENT, noun A total desertion; a state of being forsaken.

Abanga

ABAN'GA, noun The ady; a species of Palm-tree. [See Ady.]

Abannition

ABANNI'TION, n. [Low Latin]

A banishment for one or two years for manslaughter. [Not used.]

Dict.

Abaptiston

ABAPTIS'TON, noun The perforating part of the trephine, an instrument used in trepanning.

Coxe.

Abare

ABA'RE, v.t. [Saxon abarian. See Bare.]

To make bare; to uncover. [Not in use.]

Abarticulation

ABARTICULA'TION, noun [See Articulate.] In anatomy, that species of articulation or structure of joints, which admits of manifest or extensive motion; called also diarthrosis and dearticulation.

Encyc. Coxe.

Abas

ABAS', noun A weight in Persia used in weighing pearls, one eighth less than the European carat.

Encyc.

Abase

ABA'SE, v.t. [French abaisser, from bas, low, or the bottom; Welsh bais; Latin and Greek basis; base; Italian Abbassare; Spanish baxo, low. See Abash.]

1. The literal sense of abase is to lower or depress, to throw or cast down, as used by Bacon, "to abase the eye." But the word is seldom used in reference to material things.

2. To cast down; to reduce low; to depress; to humble; to degrade; applied to the passions, rank, office, and condition in life.

Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Danish iv.

Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Matthew 23. Job 40:2 Corinthians 11.

Abased

ABA'SED, participle passive Reduced to a low state, humbled, degraded.

In heraldry, it is used of the wings of eagles, when the tops are turned downwards towards the point of the shield; or when the wings are shut, the natural way of bearing them being spread, with the top pointing to the chief of the angle.

Bailey. Chambers.

Abasement

ABA'SEMENT, noun The act of humbling or bringing low; also a state of depression, degradation, or humiliation.

Abash

ABASH', v.t. [Hebrew and Chaldee bosh, to be confounded, or ashamed.]

To make the spirits to fail; to cast down the countenance; to make ashamed; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, error, inferiority, &c.

They heard and were abashed.

Milton.

Abashed

ABASH'ED, participle passive Confused with shame; confounded; put to silence; followed by at.

Abashing

ABASH'ING, participle of the present tense Putting to shame or confusion.

Abashment

ABASH'MENT, noun Confusion from shame. [Little used.]

Abasing

ABA'SING, participle of the present tense Humbling, depressing, bringing low.

Abassi

ABAS'SI, or ABAS'SIS, noun A silver coin of Persia, of the value of twenty cents, about ten pence sterling.

Encyc.

Abatable

ABA'TABLE, adjective That may or can be abated; as an abatable writ or nuisance.

Abate

ABA'TE, verb transitive [French abattre, to beat down; battre, to beat, to strike; Spanish batir, abatir; Portugese bater, abater; Italian battere, abbattere; Hebrew Chaldee to beat; Syriac id.

Arabic gabata, to beat, and kabatha, to beat down, to prostrate. The Saxon has the participle gebatod, abated. The prefix is sunk to a in abate, and lost in beat. See Class Bd. No. 23, 33.]

1. To beat down; to pull down; to destroy in any manner; as to abate a nuisance.

2. To lessen; to diminish; to moderate; as to abate zeal; to abate pride; to abate a demand; to abate courage.

3. To lessen; to mitigate; as to abate pain or sorrow.

4. To overthrow; to cause to fail; to frustrate by judicial sentence; as to abate a writ.

5. To deject; to depress; as to abate the soul. Obs.

6. To deduct;

Nothing to add and nothing to abate.

Pope.

7. To cause to fail; to annul. By the English law, a legacy to a charity is abated by a deficiency of assets.

8. In Connecticut, to remit, as to abate a tax.

Abate

ABA'TE, verb intransitive To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as pain abates; a storm abates.

2. To fail; to be defeated, or come to naught; as a writ abates. By the civil law a legacy to a charity does not abate by deficiency of assets.

3. In law, to enter into a freehold after the death of the last occupant, and before the heir or devisee takes possession.

Blackstone.

4. In horsemanship, to perform well a downward motion. A horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when, working upon curvets, he puts both his hind legs to the ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the times.

Encyc.

Abated

ABA'TED, participle passive Lessened; decreased; destroyed; mitigated; defeated; remitted; overthrown.

Abatement

ABA'TEMENT, noun The act of abating; the state of being abated.

2. A reduction, removing, or pulling down, as of a nuisance.

Blackstone.

3. Diminution, decrease, or mitigation, as of grief or pain.

4. Deduction, sum withdrawn, as from an account.

5. Overthrow, failure, or defeat, as of a writ.

Blackstone.

6. The entry of a stranger into a freehold after the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee.

Blackstone.

7. In heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of the wearer.

Abater

ABA'TER, noun The person or thing that abates.

Abating

ABA'TING, participle of the present tense Pulling down, diminishing, defeating, remitting.

Abator

ABA'TOR, noun A person who enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.

Blackstone.

Abattis

AB'ATTIS, or AB'ATIS, noun [from beating or pulling down. French abattre.]

Rubbish. In fortification, piles of trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to prevent assailants from mounting the walls.

Encyc.

Abature

AB'ATURE, noun [from abate.] Grass beaten or trampled down by a stag in passing.

Dict.

Abb

ABB, noun [Saxon ab or ob.] Among weavers, yarn for the warp. Hence abb-wool is wool for the abb.

Encyc.

Abba

AB'BA, noun In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figuratively a superior. Sanscrit appen.

In the Syriac, Coptic and Ethiopic churches, it is a title given to the Bishops, and the Bishops bestow the title, by way of distinction, on the Bishop of Alexandria. Hence the title Baba, or Papa, Pope or great father, which the Bishop of Alexandria bore, before the Bishop of Rome.

Abbacy

AB'BACY, noun [from abba, Low Latin abbatia.] The dignity, rights and privileges of an abbot. It comprehends the government and revenues.

Abbatical

ABBAT'ICAL, or ABBA'TIAL, adjective Belonging to an abbey.

Abbe

AB'BE, n. Ab'by, [from abba.]

In a monastic sense, the same as an abbot; but more generally, a title, in Catholic countries, without any determinate rank, office or rights. The abbes are numerous, and generally have some literary attainments; they dress as academics or scholars, and act as instructors, in colleges and private families; or as tutors to young gentlemen on their travels; and many of them become authors.

Abbess

AB'BESS, noun [from abba.]

A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the Monks. [See Abbey.]

Abbey

AB'BEY, n. plu. abbeys, [from abba.]

A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion. The males are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the females are called nuns, and governed by an abbess. These institutions were suppressed in England by Henry VIII.; but they still exist in Catholic countries.

Abbey-Lubber

AB'BEY-LUBBER, noun A name given to monks, in contempt for their idleness.

Abbot

AB'BOT, noun [formerly abbat, from abba, latinized abbas, or from Hebrew plural]

The superior or governor of an abbey or monastery. Originally monasteries were founded in retired places, and the religious had no concern with secular affairs, being entirely subject to the prelates. But the abbots possessing most of the learning, in ages of ignorance, were called from their seclusion to aid the churches in opposing heresies; monasteries were founded in the vicinity of cities; the abbots became ambitious and set themselves to acquire wealth and honors; some of them assumed the miter, threw off their dependence on the bishops, and obtained seats in parliament. For many centuries, princes and noblemen bore the title of abbots. At present, in catholic countries, abbots are regular, or such as take the vow, and wear the habit of the order; and commendatory, such as are seculars, but obliged, when of suitable age, to take orders. The title is borne also by some persons, who have not the government of a monastery; as bishops, whose sees were formerly abbeys.

Encyc.

Abbotship

AB'BOTSHIP, noun The state of an abbot.

Abbreuvoir

ABBREUVOIR, noun [French abreuvoir, from abreuver, to water; Spanish abrevar, id.; from Greek]

Among masons, the joint between stones in a wall, to be filled with mortar.

Dict.

[I know not whether it is now used.]

Abbreviate

ABBRE'VIATE, verb transitive [Italian abbreviare; Spanish abreviar; Portugese abbreviar; from Latin abbrevio, brevio, from brevis, short; contracted from Greek from the root of break, which see.]

1. To shorten; to make shorter by contracting the parts. [In this sense, not much used, nor often applied to material substances.]

2. To shorten; to abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part; to reduce to a smaller compass; as to abbreviate a writing.

3. In mathematics, to reduce fractions to the lowest terms.

Wallis.

Abbreviated

ABBRE'VIATED, participle passive Shortened; reduced in length; abridged.

2. In botany, an abbreviated perianth is shorter than the tube of the corol.

Martyn.

Abbreviating

ABBRE'VIATING, participle of the present tense Shortening; contracting in length or into a smaller compass.

Abbreviation

ABBREVIA'TION, noun The act of shortening or contracting.

2. A letter or a few letters used for a word; as Gen. for Genesis; U. S. A. for United States of America.

3. The reduction of fractions to the lowest terms.

Abbreviator

ABBRE'VIATOR, noun One who abridges or reduces to a smaller compass.

Abbreviators

ABBRE'VIATORS, a college of seventy-two persons in the chancery of Rome, whose duty is to draw up the Pope's briefs, and reduce petitions, when granted, to a due form for bulls.

Abbreviatory

ABBRE'VIATORY, adjective Shortening, contracting.

Abbreviature

ABBRE'VIATURE, noun A letter or character for shortening; an abridgment, a compend.

A. B. C.

A. B. C. The three first letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet. Also a little book for teaching the elements of reading.

Shak.

Abdals

AB'DALS, noun The name of certain fanatics in Persia, who, in excess of zeal, sometimes run into the streets, and attempt to kill all they meet who are of a different religion; and if they are slain for their madness, they think it meritorious to die, and by the vulgar are deemed martyrs.

Encyc.

Abderite

AB'DERITE, noun An inhabitant of Abdera, a maritime town in Thrace. Democritus is so called, from being a native of the place. As he was given to laughter, foolish or incessant laughter, is called abderian.

Whitaker.

Abdicant

AB'DICANT, adjective [See Abdicate.] Abdicating; renouncing.

Abdicate

AB'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin abdico; ab and dico, to dedicate, to bestow, but the literal primary sense of dico is to send or thrust.]

1. In a general sense, to relinquish, renounce, or abandon.

Forster.

2. To abandon an office or trust, without a formal resignation to those who conferred it, or without their consent; also to abandon a throne, without a formal surrender of the crown.

Case of King James, Blackstone.

3. To relinquish an office before the expiration of the time of service.

Case of Diocletian, Gibbon; also Case of Paul III. Coxe's Russ.

4. To reject; to renounce; to abandon as a right.

Burke.

5. To cast away; to renounce; as to abdicate our mental faculties. [Unusual.]

J.P. Smith.

6. In the civil law, to disclaim a son and expel him from the family, as a father; to disinherit during the life of the father.

Encyc.

Abdicate

AB'DICATE, verb intransitive To renounce; to abandon; to cast off; to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust.

Though a King may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy.

Burke.

Abdicated

AB'DICATED, participle passive Renounced; relinquished without a formal resignation; abandoned.

Abdicating

AB'DICATING, participle of the present tense Relinquishing without a formal resignation; abandoning.

Abdication

ABDICA'TION, noun The act of abdicating; the abandoning of an office or trust, without a formal surrender, or before the usual or stated time of expiration.

2. A casting off; rejection.

Abdicactive

AB'DICACTIVE, adjective Causing or implying abdication. [Little used.]

Dict.

Abditive

AB'DITIVE, adjective [Latin abdo, to hide; ab and do.] Having the power or quality of hiding. [Little used.]

Dict.

Abditory

AB'DITORY, noun A place for secreting or preserving goods.

Cowel.

Abdomen

AB'DOMEN, or ABDO'MEN, noun [Latin perhaps abdo and omentum.]

1. The lower belly, or that part of the body which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pelvis. It is lined with a membrane called peritoneum, and contains the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, bladder and guts. It is separated from the breast internally by the diaphragm, and externally, by the extremities of the ribs. On its outer surface it is divided into four regionsÃ‚--the epigastric, the umbilical, the hypogastric and lumbar.

Quincy.

2. In insects, the lower part of the animal, united to the corslet by a thread. In some species, it is covered with wings, and a case. It is divided into segments and rings, on the sides of which are small spiracles by which the insect respires.

Dutch Nat. Hist.

Abdominal

ABDOM'INAL, adjective Pertaining to the lower belly.

Abdominal

ABDOM'INAL, n. plu. abdominals. In ichthyology the abdominals are a class of fish whose ventral fins are placed behind the pectoral, and which belong to the division of bony fish. The class contains nine generaÃ‚--the loche, salmon, pike, argentine, atherine, mullet, flying fish, herring and carp.

Encyc.

Abdominal Ring

ABDOM'INAL RING, or INGUINAL RING, an oblong tendinous ring in both groins, through which pass the spermatic cord in men, and the round ligaments of the uterus in women.

Med. Dict.

Abdominous

ABDOM'INOUS, adjective Pertaining to the abdomen; having a large belly.

Cowper.

Abduce

ABDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin abduco, to lead away, of ab and duco, to lead. See Duke.]

To draw from; to withdraw, or draw to a different part; used chiefly in anatomy.

Abducent

ABDU'CENT, adjective Drawing from, pulling back; used of those muscles which pull back certain parts of the body, for separating, opening, or bending them. The abducent muscles, called abductors, are opposed to the adducent muscles or adductors.

Med. Dict.

Abduction

ABDUC'TION, noun In a general sense, the act of drawing apart, or carrying away.

2. In surgery, a species of fracture, in which the broken parts recede from each other.

3. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks apagoge, in which the major is evident, but the minor is not so clear, as not to require farther proof. As in this syllogism, "all whom God absolves are free from sin; God absolves all who are in Christ; therefore all who are in Christ are free from sin."

Encyc.

4. In law, the taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wife, &c. either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence.

Blackstone.

Abductor

ABDUC'TOR, noun In anatomy, a muscle which serves to withdraw, or pull back a certain part of the body; as the abductor oculi, which pulls the eye outwards.

Abear

ABEA'R, v. t. abÃƒ-¡re, [Saxon aboeran.] To bear; to behave. Obs.

Spenser.

Abearance

ABEA'RANCE, noun [from abear, now disused; from bear, to carry.] Behavior, demeanor. [Little used.]

Blackstone.

Abecedarian

ABECEDA'RIAN, noun [a word formed from the first four letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches the letters of the alphabet, or a learner of the letters.

Abecedary

ABECE'DARY, adjective Pertaining to, or formed by the letters of the alphabet.

Abed

ABED', adverb [See Bed.] On or in bed.

Abele

ABE'LE, or ABEL-TREE, noun An obsolete name of the white poplar. [See Poplar.]

Abelians

ABE'LIANS, ABELO'NIANS or A'BELITES, in Church history, a sect in Africa which arose in the reign of Arcadius; they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel, and attempted to maintain the sect by adopting the children of others.

Encyc.

Abelmosk

A'BELMOSK, noun A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, or Syrian mallow. The plant rises on a herbaceous stalk, three or four feet, sending out two or three side branches. The seeds have a musky odor, (whence its name,) for which reason the Arabians mix them with coffee.

Aberrance

ABER'RANCE, or ABER'RANCY, noun [Latin aberrans, aberro, to wander from; of ab and erro, to wander.]

A wandering or deviating from the right way, but rarely used in a literal sense. In a figurative sense, a deviation from truth, error, mistake; and in morals, a fault, a deviation from rectitude.

Brown.

Aberrant

ABER'RANT, adjective Wandering, straying from the right way. [Rarely used.]

Aberration

ABERRA'TION, noun [Latin aberratio.] The act of wandering from the right way; deviation from truth or moral rectitude; deviation from a strait line.

2. In astronomy, a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occasioned by the progressive motion of light and the earth's annual motion in its orbit. By this, they sometimes appear twenty seconds distant from their true situation.

Lunier.

3. In optics, a deviation in the rays of light, when inflected by a lens or speculum, by which they are prevented from uniting in the same point. It is occasioned by the figure of the glass, or by the unequal refrangibility of the rays of light.

Encyc.

Crown of aberration, a luminous circle surrounding the disk of the sun, depending on the aberration of its rays, by which its apparent diameter is enlarged.

Cyc.

Aberring

ABER'RING, part. a. Wandering; going astray.

Brown.

Aberruncate

ABERRUN'CATE, verb transitive [Latin averrunco.] To pull up by the roots; to extirpate utterly. [Not used.]

Dict.

Abet

ABET', verb transitive [Saxon betan, gebetan; properly to push forward, to advance; hence to amend, to revive, to restore, to make better; and applied to fire, to increase the flame, to excite, to promote. Hence to aid by encouraging or instigating. Hence in Saxon, "Na bete nan man that fyr." Let no man bet, [better, excite[ the fire, LL. Ina. 78.]

1. To encourage by aid or countenance, but now used chiefly in a bad sense. "To abet an opinion," in the sense of support, is used by Bishop Cumberland; but this use is hardly allowable.

2. In law, to encourage, counsel, incite or assist in a criminal act.

Abet

ABET', noun The act of aiding or encouraging in a crime. [Not used.]

Abetment

ABET'MENT, noun The act of abetting.

Abetted

ABET'TED, participle passive Incited, aided, encouraged to a crime.

Abetting

ABET'TING, participle of the present tense Counselling, aiding or encouraging to a crime.

Abettor

ABET'TOR, noun One who abets, or incites, aids or encourages another to commit a crime. In treason, there are no abettors; all persons concerned being principals.

Abevacuation

ABEVACUATION, noun [ab and evacuation.] In medicine, a partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either by nature or art.

Cyc.

Abeyance

ABEY'ANCE, noun pron. abÃƒ-¡yance. [Norm. abbaiaunce, or abaizance, in expectation; boyance, expectation. Qu. French bayer, to gape, to look a long time with the mouth open; to stand looking in a silly manner; Italian badare, to amuse one's self, to stand trifling; "tenere a bada," to keep at bay; "Star a bada," to stand trifling. If B d are the radical letters, it seems to belong to the root of abide. See Bay.]

In expectation or contemplation of law. The fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is in abeyance, when there is no person in being in whom it can vest; so that it is in a state of expectancy or waiting until a proper person shall appear.

Thus if land is leased to a man for life, remainder to another for years, the remainder for years is in abeyance, till the death of the lessee, for life.

Blackstone.

Abhor

ABHOR', verb transitive [Latin abhorreo, of ab and horreo, to set up bristles, shiver or shake; to look terrible.]

1. To hate extremely, or with contempt; to lothe, detest or abominate.

Shak.

2. To despise or neglect. Psalm 22:24. Amos 6:8.

3. To cast off or reject. Psalm 89:38.

Abhorred

ABHOR'RED, participle passive Hated extremely, detested.

Abhorrence

ABHOR'RENCE, or ABHOR'RENCY, noun Extreme hatred, detestation, great aversion.

Abhorrent

ABHOR'RENT, adjective Hating, detesting, struck with abhorrence.

2. Contrary, odious, inconsistent with, expressive of extreme opposition, as, "Slander is abhorrent to all ideas of justice." In this sense, it should be always followed by toÃ‚--abhorrent from is not agreeable to the English idiom.

Abhorrently

ABHOR'RENTLY, adverb With abhorrence.

Abhorrer

ABHOR'RER, noun One who abhors.

Abhorring

ABHOR'RING, participle of the present tense Having great aversion, detesting. As a noun, it is used in Isaiah 66. for the object of hatredÃ‚--"An abhorring to all flesh."

Abib

A'BIB, noun [Hebrew swelling, protuberant. Chaldee to produce the first or early fruit; a full grown ear of corn.]

The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, called also Nisan. It begins at the spring equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and beginning of April. Its name is derived from the full growth of wheat in Egypt, which took place anciently, as it does now, at that season.

Abide

ABI'DE, verb intransitive pret. and part. abode. [Arabic abada, to be, or exist, to continue; Welsh bod, to be; Saxon bidan, abidan; Swedish bida; Dutch beiden; Danish bier; Russian vitayu, to dwell, rest, continue, stand firm, or be stationary for any time indefinitely. Class Bd. No 7.]

1. To rest, or dwell. Genesis 29:19.

2. To tarry or stay for a short time. Genesis 24:55.

3. To continue permanently or in the same state; to be firm and immovable. Psalm 119:90.

4. To remain, to continue. Acts 27:31. Ecclesiastes 8:15.

Abide

ABI'DE, verb transitive To wait for; to be prepared for; to await.

Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts 20:23. [For is here understood.]

2. To endure or sustain.

To abide the indignation of the Lord. Joel 10.

3. To bear or endure; to bear patiently. "I cannot abide his impertinence."

This verb when intransitive, is followed by in or at before the place, and with before the person. "Abide with meÃ‚--at Jerusalem or in this land." Sometimes by on, the sword shall abide on his cities; and in the sense of wait, by for, abide for me. Hosea 3:3. Sometimes by by, abide by the crib. Job 39.

In general, abide by signifies to adhere to, maintain, defend, or stand to, as to abide by a promise, or by a friend; or to suffer the consequences, as to abide by the event, that is, to be fixed or permanent in a particular condition.

Abider

ABI'DER, noun One who dwells or continues.

Abiding

ABI'DING, participle of the present tense Dwelling; remaining; continuing; enduring; awaiting.

Abiding

ABI'DING, noun Continuance; fixed state; residence; an enduring.

Abidingly

ABI'DINGLY, adverb In a manner to continue; permanently.

Haweis.

Ability

ABIL'ITY, noun [French habiletÃƒ-©; Italian abilitÃƒ- ; Spanish habilidad; Latin habilitas, ableness, fitness, from habeo, to have or hold.]

1. Physical power, whether bodily or mental; natural or acquired; force of understanding; skill in arts or science. Ability is active power, or power to perform; as opposed to capacity, or power to receive. In the plural, abilities is much used in a like sense; and also for faculties of the mind, and acquired qualification.

Franklin.

2. Riches, wealth, substance, which are the means, or which furnish the power, of doing certain acts.

They gave after their ability to the work. Ez. 2.

3. Moral power, depending on the willÃ‚--a metaphysical and theological sense.

4. Civil or legal power; the power or right to do certain things, as an ability to transfer property or dispose of effectsÃ‚--ability to inherit. It is opposed to disability.

Cyc.

Abintestate

ABINTEST'ATE, adjective [Latin ab and intestatusÃ‚--dying without a will, from in and testor, to bear witness; Welsh tyst; Armoric test, witness. See Test and Testify.]

In the civil law, inheriting the estate of one dying without a will.

Abject

ABJECT', verb transitive To throw away; to cast out. Obs.

Spenser.

Abject

AB'JECT, adjective [Latin abjectus, from abjicio, to throw away, from ab and jacio, to throw.]

1. Sunk to a low condition; applied to persons or things. Hence,

2. Worthless, mean, despicable, low in estimation, without hope or regard.

Abject

AB'JECT, noun A person in the lowest condition and despicable. Psalm 35.

Abjectedness

ABJECT'EDNESS, noun A very low or despicable condition. [Little used.]

Abjection

ABJEC'TION, noun A state of being cast away; hence a low state; meanness of spirit; baseness.

Abjectly

AB'JECTLY, adverb In a contemptible manner; meanly; servilely.

Abjectness

AB'JECTNESS, noun The state of being abject; meanness; servility.

Abjuration

ABJURA'TION, noun [See Abjure.]

1. The act of abjuring; a renunciation upon oath; as "an abjuration of the realm," by which a person swears to leave the country, and never to return. It is used also for the oath of renunciation. Formerly in England, felons, taking refuge in a church, and confessing their guilt, could not be arrested and tried, but might save their lives by abjuring the realm; that is, by taking an oath to quit the kingdom forever.

2. A rejection or denial with solemnity; a total abandonment; as "an abjuration of heresy."

Abjuratory

ABJU'RATORY, adjective Containing abjuration.

Encyc.

Abjure

ABJU'RE, verb transitive [Latin abjuro, to deny upon oath, from ab and juro, to swear.]

1. To renounce upon oath; to abandon; as to abjure allegiance to a prince.

2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to reject; as to abjure errors; abjure reason.

3. To recant or retract.

Shak.

4. To banish. [Not used.]

Abjured

ABJU'RED, participle passive Renounced upon oath; solemnly recanted.

Abjurer

ABJU'RER, noun One who abjures.

Abjuring

ABJU'RING, participle of the present tense Renouncing upon oath; disclaiming with solemnity.

Ablactate

ABLAC'TATE, verb transitive [Latin ablacto; from ab and lac, milk.] To wean from the breast. [Little used.]

Ablactation

ABLACTA'TION, noun [Latin ab and lac, milk. Lacto, to suckle.]

1. In medical authors, the weaning of a child from the breast.

2. Among ancient gardeners, a method of grafting in which the cion was not separated from the parent stock, till it was firmly united to that in which it was inserted. This is now called grafting by approach or inarching. [See Graft.]

Encyc.

Ablaqueation

ABLAQUEA'TION, [Latin ablaqueatio, from ab and laquear, a roof or covering.]

A laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and waterÃ‚--a practice among gardeners.

Ablation

ABLA'TION, noun [Latin ab and latio, a carrying.]

A carrying away. In medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtful; evacuations in general. In chimistry, the removal of whatever is finished or no longer necessary.

Ablative

AB'LATIVE, adjective [F. ablatif; Italian ablativo; Latin ablativus; Latin ablatus, from aufero, to carry away, of ab and fero.]

A word applied to the sixth case of nouns in the Latin language, in which case are used words when the actions of carrying away, or taking from, are signified.

Ablative absolute, is when a word in that case, is independent, in construction, of the rest of the sentence.

Able

ABLE, a. a'bl. [Latin habilis; Norm. ablez.]

1. Having physical power sufficient; having competent power or strength, bodily or mental; as a man able to perform military serviceÃ‚--a child is not able to reason on abstract subjects.

2. Having strong or unusual powers of mind, or intellectual qualifications; as an able minister.

Provide out of all Israel able men. Exodus 18.

3. Having large or competent property; or simply having property, or means.

Every man shall give as he is able. Deuteronomy 16.

4. Having competent strength or fortitude.

He is not able to sustain such pain or affliction.

5. Having sufficient knowledge or skill.

He is able to speak French.

She is not able to play on the piano.

6. Having competent moral power or qualifications.

An illegitimate son is not able to take by inheritance.

Able-Bodied

A'BLE-BODIED, adjective Having a sound, strong body, or a body of competent strength for service. In marine language, it denotes skill in seamanship.

Mar. Dict.

Ablen

AB'LEN, or AB'LET, noun A small fresh water fish, the bleak.

Ableness

A'BLENESS, noun Ability of body or mind; force; vigor; capability.

Ablepsy

AB'LEPSY, noun [Greek] Want of sight; blindness.

Abler

A'BLER, and A'BLEST, Comp. and superl. of able.

Ablocate

AB'LOCATE, verb transitive [Latin abloco, ab and loco, to let out.] To let out; to lease.

Calvin.

Ablocation

ABLOCA'TION, noun A letting to hire.

Ablude

ABLU'DE, v.t. [Latin abludo, ab and ludo, to play.] To be unlike; to differ. [Not used.]

Hall.

Abluent

AB'LUENT, adjective [Latin abluo, to wash away; ab and luo, or lavo, to wash; Irish lo or lua, water.]

Washing clean; cleansing by water or liquids. [Little used except as a noun.]

Abluent

AB'LUENT, noun In medicine, that which thins, purifies or sweetens the blood.

Quincy.

[See Diluent and Abstergent.]

Ablution

ABLU'TION, noun [Latin ablutio, from ab and luo or lavo to wash.]

1. In a general sense, the act of washing; a cleansing or purification by water.

2. Appropriately, the washing of the body as a preparation for religious duties, enjoined by Moses and still practiced in many countries.

3. In chimistry, the purification of bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as water to dissolve salts.

Quincy.

4. In medicine, the washing of the body externally, as by baths; or internally, by diluting fluids.

5. Pope has used ablution for the water used in cleansing.

6. The cup given to the laity without consecration, in popish churches.

Johnson.

Ably

A'BLY, adverb In an able manner; with great ability.

Abnegate

AB'NEGATE, verb transitive To deny. [Not used.]

Abnegation

ABNEGA'TION, noun [Latin abnego, to deny, from ab and nego; Welsh naca, nacau; Swedish neka, to deny; Welsh nac, no; nay; Latin nec, not; Irish nach, not.] A denial; a renunciation; self-denial.

Hammond.

Abnegator

AB'NEGATOR, noun One who denies, renounces, or opposes any thing.

Sandys.

Abnodation

ABNODA'TION, noun [Latin abnodo; ab and nodus, a knot.] The act of cutting away the knots of trees.

Dict.

Abnormity

ABNORM'ITY, noun [Latin abnormis, irregular; ab and norma, a rule.] Irregularity; deformity. [Little used.]

Dict.

Abnormous

ABNORM'OUS, adjective [Latin abnormis, supra.] Irregular; deformed. [Little used.]

Dict.

Aboard

ABOARD, adverb [a and board. See Board.] Within a ship, vessel, or boat.

To go aboard, to enter a ship, to embark.

To fall aboard, to strike a ship's side.

Aboard main tack, an order to draw a corner of the main-sail down to the chess-tree.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Abodance

ABO'DANCE, noun [from bode.] An omen. [Not used.]

Johnson.

Abode

ABO'DE, preterit tense of abide.

Abode

ABO'DE, noun [See Abide.] Stay; continuance in a place; residence for a longer or shorter time.

2. A place of continuance; a dwelling; a habitation.

3. To make abode, to dwell or reside.

Abode

ABO'DE, verb transitive [See Bode.] To foreshow.

Shak.

Abode

ABO'DE, v.i. To be an omen.

Dryden.

Abodement

ABO'DEMENT, noun [from bode.] A secret anticipation of something future.

Shak.

Aboding

ABO'DING, noun Presentiment; prognostication.

Hall.

Abolish

ABOL'ISH, v.t. [French abolir; Latin aboleo; from ab and oleo, olesco, to grow.]

1. To make void; to annul; to abrogate; applied chiefly and appropriately to established laws, contracts, rites, customs and institutionsÃ‚--as to abolish laws by a repeal, actual or virtual.

2. To destroy, or put an end to; as to abolish idols. Isaiah 2. To abolish death, 2 Timothy 1. This sense is not common. To abolish posterity, in the translation of Pausanias, Lib. 3. Ca. 6. is hardly allowable.

Abolishable

ABOL'ISHABLE, adjective That may be annulled, abrogated, or destroyed, as a law, rite, custom, &c.

Abolished

ABOL'ISHED, participle passive Annulled; repealed; abrogated, or destroyed.

Abolisher

ABOL'ISHER, noun One who abolishes.

Abolishing

ABOL'ISHING, participle of the present tense Making void; annulling; destroying.

Abolishment

ABOL'ISHMENT, noun The act of annulling; abrogation; destruction.

Hooker.

Abolition

ABOLI'TION, n. abolishun. The act of abolishing; or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; as the abolition of laws, decrees, ordinances, rites, customs, debts, &c.

The application of this word to persons and things, is now unusual or obsolete. To abolish persons, canals and senses, the language of good writers formerly, is no longer legitimate.

Abominable

ABOM'INABLE, adjective [See Abominate.] Very hateful; detestable; lothesome.

2. This word is applicable to whatever is odious to the mind or offensive to the senses.

Milton.

3. Unclean. Leviticus 7.

Abominableness

ABOM'INABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being very odious; hatefulness.

Abominably

ABOM'INABLY, adverb Very odiously; detestably; sinfully. 1 Kings 21.

2. In vulgar language, extremely, excessively.

Abominate

ABOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin abomino, supposed to be formed by ab and omen; to deprecate as ominous; may the Gods avert the evil.]

To hate extremely; to abhor; to detest.

Southern.

Abominated

ABOM'INATED, participle passive Hated utterly; detested; abhorred.

Abominating

ABOM'INATING, participle of the present tense Abhorring; hating extremely.

Abomination

ABOMINA'TION, noun Extreme hatred; detestation.

Swift.

2. The object of detestation, a common signification in scripture.

The way of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord. Proverbs 15.

3. Hence, defilement, pollution, in a physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are moral defilements, idols and idolatry, are called abominations. The Jews were an abomination to the Egyptians; and the sacred animals of the Egyptians were an abomination to the Jews. The Roman army is called the abomination of desolation. Matthew 24:13. In short, whatever is an object of extreme hatred, is called an abomination.

Abord

ABO'RD, noun [French See Border.] Literally, arrival, but used for first appearance, manner of accosting, or address, but not an English word.

Chesterfield.

Abord

ABO'RD, verb transitive To accost. [Not in use.]

Aborea

ABO'REA, noun A species of duck, called by Edwards, the black-bellied whistling duck. This fowl is of a reddish brown color, with a sort of crest on its head; the belly is spotted with black and white. It belongs to the genus, anas.

Aboriginal

ABORIG'INAL, adjective [Latin ab and origo, origin. See Origin.]

First; original; primitive; aboriginal people are the first inhabitants of a country.

Aboriginal tribes of America.

President Smith.

Aboriginal

ABORIG'INAL, noun An original, or primitive inhabitant. The first settlers in a country are called aboriginals; as the Celts in Europe, and Indians in America.

President Smith.

Aborigines

ABORIG'INES, noun plur. AboriginalsÃ‚--but not an English word.

It may be well to let it pass into disuse. [See Aboriginal.]

Aborsement

ABORSEMENT, n. abors'ment. [See Abort.] Abortion. [Not in use.]

Abort

ABORT', verb intransitive [Latin aborto; ab and ortus, orior.]

To miscarry in birth. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Abort

ABORT', noun An abortion. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Abortion

ABOR'TION, noun [Latin abortio, a miscarriage; usually deduced from ab and orior.]

1. The act of miscarrying, or producing young before the natural time, or before the fetus is perfectly formed.

2. In a figurative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress, before it is matured or perfect, as a design or project.

3. The fetus brought forth before it is perfectly formed.

Abortive

ABOR'TIVE, adjective Brought forth in an immature state; failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete.

2. Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing; as an abortive scheme.

3. Rendering abortive; as abortive gulf, in Milton, but not legitimate.

4. Pertaining to abortion; as abortive vellum, made of the skin of an abortive calf.

Encyc.

5. In botany, an abortive flower is one which falls without producing fruit.

Martyn.

Abortive

ABOR'TIVE, noun That which is brought forth or born prematurely. [Little used.]

Abortively

ABOR'TIVELY, adverb Immaturely; in an untimely manner.

Abortiveness

ABOR'TIVENESS, noun The state of being abortive; a failing in the progress to perfection or maturity; a failure of producing the intended effect.

Abortment

ABORT'MENT, noun An untimely birth.

Bacon.

Abound

ABOUND', verb intransitive [Latin abundo; French abonder; Italian abbondare; Spanish abundar. If this word is from Latin unda, a wave, the latter has probably lost its first consonant. Abound may naturally be deduced from the Celtic. Armoric fonn, plenty; fonna, to abound; Welsh fyniaw, to produce, to generate, to abound, from fwn, a source, the root of fynon, Latin fons, a fountain.]

1. To have or possess in great quantity; to be copiously supplied; followed by with or in; as to abound with provisions; to abound in good things.

2. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent.

Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Romans 5.

Abounding

ABOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Having in great plenty; being in great plenty; being very prevalent; generally prevailing.

Abounding

ABOUND'ING, noun Increase.

South.

About

ABOUT', preposition [Saxon abutan, onbutan, embutan, about, around; on or emb, coinciding with Greek, and butan, without, [see but,] literally, around, on the outside.]

1. Around; on the exterior part or surface.

Bind them about thy neck. Proverbs 3:3. Isaiah 50. Hence,

2. Near to in place, with the sense of circularity.

Get you up from about the tabernacle. Numbers 16.

3. Near to in time.

He went out about the third hour. Matthew 21:3.

4. Near to, in action, or near to the performance of some act.

Paul was about to open his mouth.

They were about to flee out of the ship. Acts 18:14Ã‚--xxvii. 30.

5. Near to the person; appended to the clothes. Every thing about him is in order. Is your snuff box about you?

From nearness on all sides, the transition is easy to a concern with. Hence,

6. Concerned in, engaged in, relating to, respecting.

I must be about my father's business. Luke, 2:49. The painter is not to take so much pains about the drapery as about the face.

Dryden.

What is he about?

7. In compass or circumference; two yards about the trunk.

About

ABOUT', adverb Near to in number or quantity.

There fell that day about three thousand men. Exodus 32.

2. Near to in quality or degree; as about as high, or as cold.

3. Here and there; around; in one place and another.

Wandering about from house to house. 1. Timothy 5.

4. Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the shortest way. A mile about, and half a mile across.

To bring about, to bring to the end; to effect or accomplish a purpose.

To come about, to change or turn; to come to the desired point. In a like sense, seamen say go about, when a ship changes her course and goes on the other tack.

Ready about, about ship, are orders for tacking.

To go about, signifies to enter upon; also to prepare; to seek the means.

Why go ye about to kill me. John 7.

Above

ABOVE', preposition [Saxon abufan, bufan, bufon; Dutch boven.]

1. Literally, higher in place.

The fowls that fly above the earth. Genesis 1:20.

2. Figuratively, superior in any respect.

I saw a light above the brightness of the Sun, Acts 26.

The price of a virtuous woman is above rubies, Proverbs 31.

3. More in number or quantity.

He was seen by above five hundred brethren at once, 1. Corinthians 15:6.

The weight is above a tun.

4. More in degree; in a greater degree.

Hannaniah feared God above many. Nehemiah 7:2.

The serpent is cursed above all cattle. Genesis 3.

5. Beyond; in excess.

In stripes above measure. 2 Corinthians 11.

God will not suffer you to be tempted above what ye are able, 1. Corinthians 10:13.

6. Beyond; in a state to be unattainable; as things above comprehension.

7. Too proud for.

This man is above his business.

8. Too elevated in mind or rank; having too much dignity for; as

This man is above mean actions.

9. It is often used elliptically, for heaven, or the celestial regions.

Let not God regard it from above, Job 3.

The powers above.

10 In a book or writing, it denotes before or in a former place, as what has been said above; supra. This mode of speaking originated in the ancient manner of writing, on a strip of parchment, beginning at one end and proceeding to the other. The beginning was the upper end.

Above

ABOVE', adverb Overhead; in a higher place.

Bacon.

2. Before.

Dryden.

3. Chief in rank or power. Deuteronomy 28.

Above all is elliptical; above all considerations; chiefly; in preference to other things.

Above board; above the board or table; in open sight; without trick, concealment or deception. This expression is said by Johnson to be borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table.

Above-Cited

ABOVE-CITED, Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.

Above-Ground

ABOVE-GROUND, Alive, not buried.

Above-Mentioned

ABOVE-MENTIONED, Mentioned before.

A. Bp. Abbrev. for Archbishop.

Abracadabra

ABRACADAB'RA, The name of a deity worshipped by the Syrians: a cabalistic word. The letters of his name, written on paper, in the form of an inverted cone, were recommended by Samonicus as an antidote against certain diseases.

Encyc.

Abrade

ABRA'DE, verb transitive [Latin abrado, to scrape, from rado.]

To rub or wear off; to waste by friction; used especially to express the action of sharp, corrosive medicines, in wearing away or removing the mucus of the membranes.

Abraded

ABRA'DED, participle passive Rubbed or worn off; worn; scraped.

Abrading

ABRA'DING, participle of the present tense Rubbing off; wearing.

Abrahamic

ABRAHAM'IC, adjective Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch, as Abrahamic Covenant.

Mason.

Abrasion

ABRA'SION, n. abra'zhun. The act of wearing or rubbing off; also substance worn off by attrition.

Quincy.

Abreast

ABREAST', adv. abrest', [from a and breast.]

1. Side by side; with the breasts in a line. Two men rode abreast.

2. In marine language, ships are abreast when their heads are equally advanced; and they are abreast of objects when the objects are on a line with the beam.Ã‚--Hence,

3. Opposite; against; on a line withÃ‚--as a ship was abreast of Montauk point.Ã‚--A seaman's phrase.

Abridge

ABRIDGE', v. t. abridj', [French abrÃƒ-©ger, from Greek, short, or its root, from the root of break or a verb of that family.]

1. To make shorter; to epitomize; to contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense in substanceÃ‚--used of writings.

Justin abridged the history of Trogus Pompeius.

2. To lessen; to diminish; as to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights. Smith.

3. To deprive; to cut off from; followed by of; as to abridge one of his rights, or enjoyments. To abridge from, is now obsolete or improper.

4. In algebra, to reduce a compound quantity or equation to its more simple expression. The equation thus abridged is called a formula.

Abridged

ABRIDG'ED participle passive Made shorter; epitomized; reduced to a smaller compass; lessened; deprived.

Abridger

ABRIDG'ER, noun One who abridges; one who makes a compend.

Abridging

ABRIDG'ING, participle of the present tense Shortening; lessening; depriving; debarring.

Abridgment

ABRIDG'MENT, noun An epitome; a compend, or summary of a book.

2. Diminution; contraction; reductionÃ‚--as an abridgment of expenses.

3. Deprivation; a debarring or restraintÃ‚--as an abridgment of pleasures.

Abroach

ABROACH, adverb [See Broach.]

Broached; letting out or yielding liquor, or in a posture for letting out; as a cask is abroach. Figuratively used by Shakespeare for setting loose, or in a state of being diffused, "Set mischief abroach;" but this sense is unusual.

Abroad

ABROAD, adv. abrawd'. [See Broad.]

In a general sense, at large; widely; not confined to narrow limits. Hence,

1. In the open air.

2. Beyond or out of the walls of a house, as to walk abroad.

3. Beyond the limits of a camp. Deuteronomy 23:10.

4. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countriesÃ‚--as to go abroad for an education.Ã‚--We have broils at home and enemies abroad.

5. Extensively; before the public at large.

He began to blaze abroad the matter. Mark 1:45. Esther 1.

6. Widely; with expansion; as a tree spreads its branches abroad.

Abrogate

AB'ROGATE, verb transitive [Latin abrogo, to repeal. from ab and rogo, to ask or propose. See the English reach. Class Rg.]

To repeal; to annual by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established customs &c.

Abrogated

AB'ROGATED participle passive Repealed; annulled by an act of authority.

Abrogating

AB'ROGATING ppr. Repealing by authority; making void.

Abrogation

ABROGA'TION, noun The act of abrogating; a repeal by authority of the legislative power.

Abrood

ABROOD' adv. [See Brood.] In the action of brooding. [Not in use.]

Sancroft.

Abrooding

ABROOD'ING, noun A sitting abrood. [Not in use.]

Basset.

Abrook

ABROOK', verb transitive To brook, to endure. [Not in use. See Brook.]

Shak.

Abrotanum

ABRO'TANUM, noun [Greek A.]

A species of plant arranged under the Genus, Artemisia; called also southern wood.

Abrupt

ABRUPT', adjective [Latin abruptus, from abrumpo, to break off, of ab and rumpo. See Rupture.]

1. Literally, broken off, or broken short. Hence,

2. Steep, craggy; applied to rocks, precipices and the like.

3. Figuratively, sudden; without notice to prepare the mind for the event; as an abrupt entrance and address.

4. Unconnected; having sudden transitions from one subject to another; as an abrupt style.

Ben Jonson.

5. In botany, an abrupt pinnate leaf is one which has neither leaflet, nor tendril at the end.

Martyn.

Abrupt

ABRUPT' noun A chasm or gulf with steep sides. "Over the vast abrupt."

Milton.

[This use of the word is infrequent.]

Abruption

ABRUP'TION, noun A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.

Woodward.

Abruptly

ABRUPT'LY, adverb Suddenly; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; as, the Minister left France abruptly.

Abruptness

ABRUPT'NESS, noun A state of being broken; craggedness; steepness.

2. Figuratively, suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence.

Abscess

AB'SCESS, noun [Latin abscessus, from ab and cedo, to go from.]

An imposthume. A collection of morbid matter, or pus in the cellular or adipose membrane; matter generated by the suppuration of an inflammatory tumor.

Quincy. Hooper.

Abscind

ABSCIND', vt. [Latin abscindo.] To cut off. [Little used.]

Absciss

AB'SCISS, noun [Latin abscissus, from ab and scindere, to cut; Greek. See Scissors.]

In conics, a part of the diameter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted between the vertex or some other fixed point, and a semiordinate.

Encyc.

Abscission

ABSCIS'SION, noun [See Absciss.]

A cutting off, or a being cut off. In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or useless part of the body, by a sharp instrument; applied to the soft parts, as amputation is to the bones and flesh of a limb.

Quincy.

Abscond

ABSCOND', v.i. [Latin abscondo, to hide, of abs and condo, to hide, i.e. to withdraw, or to thrust aside or into a corner or secret place.]

1. To retire from public view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordinarily to be found; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a private manner; to be concealed; appropriately, used of persons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process.

2. To hide, withdraw or be concealed; as, "the marmot absconds in winter. [Little used.]

Ray.

Absconder

ABSCOND'ER, noun One who withdraws from public notice, or conceals himself from public view.

Absconding

ABSCOND'ING, participle of the present tense Withdrawing privately from public view; as, an absconding debtor, who confines himself to his apartments, or absents himself to avoid the ministers of justice. In the latter sense, it is properly an adjective.

Absence

AB'SENCE, noun [Latin absens, from absum, abesse, to be away; ab and sum.]

1. A state of being at a distance in place, or not in company. It is used to denote any distance indefinitely, either in the same town, or country, or in a foreign country; and primarily supposes a prior presence. "Speak well of one in his absence."

2. Want; destitution; implying no previous presence. "In the absence of conventional law."

Chaldee Kent.

3. In law, non-appearance; a not being in court to answer.

4. Heedlessness; inattention to things present. Absence of mind is the attention of the mind to a subject which does not occupy the rest of the company, and which draws the mind from things or objects which are present, to others distant or foreign.

Absent

AB'SENT, adjective Not present; not in company; at such a distance as to prevent communication. It is used also for being in a foreign country.

A gentleman is absent on his travels.

Absent from one another. Genesis 31:49.

2. Heedless; inattentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation in company.

An absent man is uncivil to the company.

3. In familiar language, not at home; as, the master of the house is absent. In other words, he does not wish to be disturbed by company.

Absent

ABSENT', v.t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; to retire or withdraw; to forbear to appear in presence; used with the reciprocal pronoun.

Let a man absent himself from the company.

Absentee

ABSENTEE', noun One who withdraws from his country, office or estate; one who removes to a distant place or to another country.

Absenter

ABSENT'ER, noun One who absents himself.

Absentment

ABSENT'MENT, noun A state of being absent.

Barrow.

Absinthian

ABSINTH'IAN, adjective [from absinthium.] Of the nature of wormwood.

Randolph.

Absinthiated

ABSINTH'IATED, adjective Impregnated with wormwood.

Dict.

Absinthium

ABSINTH'IUM, noun [Greek; Persian afsinthin; the same in Chaldaic. Budaeus in his commentaries on Theophrast, supposes the word composed of priv. and, delight, so named from its bitterness. But it may be an Oriental word.]

The common wormwood; a bitter plant, used as a tonic. A species of Artemisia.

Absis

AB'SIS, In astronomy. [See Apsis.]

Abs.Olute

AB'S.OLUTE, adjective [Latin absolutus. See Absolve.]

1. Literally, in a general sense, free, independent of any thing extraneous. Hence,

2. Complete in itself; positive; as an absolute declaration.

3. Unconditional, as an absolute promise.

4. Existing independent of any other cause, as God is absolute.

5. Unlimited by extraneous power or control, as an absolute government or prince.

6. Not relative, as absolute space.

Stillingfleet.

In grammar, the case absolute, is when a word or member of a sentence is not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government.

Absolute equation, in astronomy, is the aggregate of the optic and eccentric equations.

The apparent inequality of a planet's motion in its orbit, arising from its unequal distances from the earth at different times, is called its optic equation: the eccentric inequality is caused by the uniformity of the planet's motion, in an elliptical orbit, which, for that reason, appears not to be uniform.

Absolute numbers, in algebra, are such as have no letters annexed, as 2a+36=48. The two latter numbers are absolute or pure.

Encyc.

Absolute space, in physics, is space considered without relation to any other object.

Bailey.

Absolute gravity, in philosophy, is that property in bodies by which they are said to weigh so much, without regard to circumstances of modification, and this is always as the quantity of matter they contain.

Bailey.

Absolutely

AB'SOLUTELY, adverb Completely, wholly, as a thing is absolutely unintelligible.

2. Without dependence or relation; in a state unconnected.

Absolutely we cannot discommend, we cannot absolutely approve, either willingness to live, or forwardness to die.

Hooker.

3. Without restriction or limitation; as God reigns absolutely.

4. Without condition, as God does not forgive absolutely, but upon condition of faith and repentance.

5. Positively, peremptorily, as command me absolutely not to go.

Milton.

Absoluteness

AB'SOLUTENESS, noun Independence; completeness in itself.

2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to no extraneous restriction, or control.

Absolution

ABSOLU'TION, noun In the civil law, an acquittal or sentence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a priest in favor of a penitent. Among protestants, a sentence by which an excommunicated person is released from his liability to punishment.

Ayliffe. South.

Absolutory

AB'SOLUTORY, adjective Absolving; that absolves.

Absolvatory

ABSOLV'ATORY, adjective [from absolve.] Containing absolution, pardon, or release; having power to absolve.

Cotgrave.

Absolve

ABSOLVE', v.t. abzolv', [Latin absolvo, from ab and solvo, to loose or release; Chaldee, to absolve, to finish; Hebrew, to loose or loosen. See Solve.]

To set free or release from some obligation, debt or responsibility; or from that which subjects a person to a burden or penalty; as to absolve a person from a promise; to absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment. Hence, in the civil law, the word was used for acquit; and in the canon law, for forgive, or a sentence of remission. In ordinary language, its sense is to set free or release from an engagement. Formerly, good writers used the word in the sense of finish, accomplish; as to absolve work, in Milton; but in this sense, it seems to be obsolete.

Absolved

ABSOLV'ED, participle passive Released; acquitted; remitted; declared innocent.

Absolver

ABSOLV'ER, noun One who absolves also one that pronounces sin to be remit.

Absolving

ABSOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Setting free from a debt, or charge; acquitting; remitting.

Absonant

AB'SONANT, adjective [See Absonous.] Wide from the purpose; contrary to reason.

Absonous

AB'SONOUS, adjective [Latin absonus; ab and sonus, sound.] Unmusical, or untunable.

Fotherby.

Absorb

ABSORB', verb transitive [Latin absorbeo, ab and sorbeo, to drink in; Arabic sharaba; Ethiopic or id.; Rab. to draw or drink in; whence sirup, sherbet, shrub.]

1. To drink in; to suck up; to imbibe; as a spunge, or as the lacteals of the body.

2. To drink in, swallow up, or overwhelm with water, as a body in a whirlpool.

3. To waste wholly or sink in expenses; to exhaust; as, to absorb an estate in luxury.

4. To engross or engage wholly, as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth.

Absorbability

ABSORBABIL'ITY, noun A state or quality of being absorbable.

Absorbable

ABSORB'ABLE, adjective That may be imbibed or swallowed.

Kerr's Lavoisier.

Absorbed

ABSORB'ED, or ABSORPT', participle passive Imbibed; swallowed; wasted; engaged; lost in study; wholly engrossed.

Absorbent

ABSORB'ENT, adjective Imbibing; swallowing.

Absorbent

ABSORB'ENT, noun In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes, as the lacteals, lymphatics, and inhaling arteries. In medicine, a testaceous powder, or other substance, which imbibes the humors of the body, as chalk or magnesia.

Encyc.

Absorbing

ABSORB'ING, participle of the present tense Imbibing; engrossing; wasting.

Absorption

ABSORP'TION, noun The act or process of imbibing or swallowing; either by water which overwhelms, or by substances, which drink in and retain liquids; as the absorption of a body in a whirlpool, or of water by the earth, or of the humors of the body by dry powders. It is used also to express the swallowing up of substances by the earth in chasms made by earthquakes, and the sinking of large tracts in violent commotions of the earth.

2. In chimistry, the conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by union with another substance.

Ure.

Absorptive

ABSORP'TIVE, adjective Having power to imbibe.

Darwin.

Abstain

ABSTA'IN, v.i. [Latin abstineo, to keep from; abs and teneo, to hold. See Tenant.]

In a general sense, to forbear, or refrain from, voluntarily; but used chiefly to denote a restraint upon the passions or appetites; to refrain from indulgence.

Abstain from meats offered to idols. Acts 15.

To abstain from the use of ardent spirits; to abstain from luxuries.

Abstemious

ABSTE'MIOUS, adjective [Latin abstemius; from abs and temetum, an ancient name of strong wine, according to Fabius and Gellius. But Vossius supposes it to be from abstineo, by a change of n to m. It may be from the root of timeo, to fear, that is, to withdraw.] Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks.

Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious.

Arbuthnot.

2. Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind. [This sense is less common, and perhaps not legitimate.]

3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance; belonging to abstinence; as an abstemious diet; an abstemious life.

Abstemiously

ABSTE'MIOUSLY, adverb Temperately; with a sparing use of meat or drink.

Abstemiousness

ABSTE'MIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being temperate or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks.

This word expresses a greater degree of abstinence than temperance.

Absterge

ABSTERGE', v. t. absterj'. [Latin abstergeo, of abs and tergeo, to wipe. Tergeo may have a common origin with the Swedish torcka, German trocknen, Dutch droogen, Saxon drygan, to dry; for these Teutonic verbs signify to wipe, as well as to dry.]

To wipe or make clean by wiping; to cleanse by resolving obstructions in the body. [Used chiefly as a medical term.]

Abstergent

ABSTERG'ENT, adjective Wiping; cleansing.

Abstergent

ABSTERG'ENT, noun A medicine which frees the body from obstructions, as soap; but the use of the word is nearly superseded by detergent, which see.

Abstersion

ABSTER'SION, noun [from Latin abstergeo, abstersus.] The act of wiping clean; or a cleansing by medicines which resolve obstructions. [See Deterge, Detersion.]

Bacon.

Abstersive

ABSTER'SIVE, adjective Cleansing; having the quality of removing obstructions. [See Detersive.]

Abstinence

AB'STINENCE, noun [Latin abstinentia. See Abstain.] In general, the act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbearing any action. "Abstinence from every thing which can be deemed labor."

Paley's Philos.

More appropriately,

2. The refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal propensities. It denotes a total forbearance, as in fasting, or a forbearance of the usual quantity. In the latter sense, it may coincide with temperance, but in general, it denotes a more sparing use of enjoyments than temperance. Besides, abstinence implies previous free indulgence; temperance does not.

Abstinent

AB'STINENT, adjective Refraining from indulgence, especially in the use of food and drink.

Abstinently

AB'STINENTLY, adverb With abstinence.

Abstinents

AB'STINENTS, a sect which appeared in France and Spain in the third century, who opposed marriage, condemned the use of flesh meat, and placed the Holy Spirit in the class of created beings.

Abstract

ABSTRACT', verb transitive [Latin abstraho, to draw from or separate; from abs and traho, which is the draw. See Draw.]

1. To draw from, or to separate; as to abstract an action from its evil effects; to abstract spirit from any substance by distillation; but in this sense extract is now more generally used.

2. To separate ideas by the operation of the mind; to consider one part of a complex object, or to have a partial idea of it in the mind.

Horne.

3. To select or separate the substance of a book or writing; to epitomize or reduce to a summary.

Watts.

4. In chimistry, to separate, as the more volatile parts of a substance by repeated distillation, or at least by distillation.

Abstract

AB'STRACT, adjective [Latin abstractus.] Separate; distinct from something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics, is an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of marble contemplated apart from its color or figure.

Encyc.

Abstract terms are those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any subject in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera, or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities.

Stewart.

Abstract numbers are numbers used without application to things, as, 6, 8, 10: but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete.

Abstract or pure mathematics, is that which treats of magnitude or quantity, without restriction to any species of particular magnitude, as arithmetic and geometry; opposed to which is mixed mathematics, which treats of simple properties, and the relations of quantity, as applied to sensible objects, as hydrostatics, navigation, optics, &c.

Encyc.

2. Separate, existing in the mind only; as an abstract subject; an abstract question; and hence difficult, abstruse.

Abstract

AB'STRACT, noun A summary, or epitome, containing the substance, a general view, or the principal heads of a treatise or writing.

Watts.

2. Formerly, an extract, or a smaller quantity, containing the essence of a larger.

In the abstract, in a state of separation, as a subject considered in the abstract, i. e. without reference to particular persons or things.

Abstracted

ABSTRACT'ED, participle passive Separated; refined; exalted; abstruse; absent in mind.

Milton. Donne.

Abstractedly

ABSTRACT'EDLY, adverb In a separate state, or in contemplation only.

Dryden.

Abstractedness

ABSTRACT'EDNESS, noun The state of being abstracted.

Baxter.

Abstracter

ABSTRACT'ER, noun One who makes an abstract, or summary.

Abstracting

ABSTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Separating; making a summary.

Abstraction

ABSTRAC'TION, noun The act of separating, or state of being separated.

2. The operation of the mind when occupied by abstract ideas; as when we contemplate some particular part, or property of a complex object, as separate from the rest. Thus, when the mind considers the branch of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves, as separate from their size or figure, the act is called abstraction. So also, when it considers whiteness, softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any particular objects.

Encyc.

The power which the understanding has of separating the combinations which are presented to it, is distinguished by logicians, by the name of abstraction.

Stewart.

Abstraction is the ground-work of classification, by which things are arranged in orders, genera, and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects which are of the same kind, from others which are different in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body.

3. A separation from wordly objects; a recluse life; as a hermit's abstraction.

4. Absence of mind; inattention to present objects.

5. In the process of distillation, the term is used to denote the separation of the volatile parts, which rise, come over, and are condensed in a receiver, from those which are fixed. It is chiefly used, when a fluid is repeatedly poured upon any substance in a retort, and distilled off, to change its state, or the nature of its composition.

Nicholson.

Abstractive

ABSTRACT'IVE, adjective Having the power or quality of abstracting.

Abstractive

ABSTRACT'IVE, or ABSTRACTI'TIOUS, adjective Abstracted, or drawn from other substances, particularly from vegetables, without fermentation.

Cyc.

Abstractly

AB'STRACTLY, adverb Separately; absolutely; in a state or manner unconnected with any thing else; as, matter abstractly considered.

Abstractness

AB'STRACTNESS, noun A separate state; a state of being in contemplation only, or not connected with any object.

Abstrude

ABSTRU'DE, v. t. [Infra.] To thrust or pull away. [Not used.]

Abstruse

ABSTRU'SE, adjective [Latin abstrusus, from abstrudo, to thrust away, to conceal; abs and trudo; Arabic tarada; Chaldee to thrust; Syriac Samaritan id.; to thrust.] Hid; concealed; hence, remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; opposed to what is obvious. [Not used of material objects.]

Metaphysics is an abstruse science.

Encyc.

Abstrusely

ABSTRU'SELY, adverb In a concealed manner; obscurely; in a manner not to be easily understood.

Abtruseness

ABTRU'SENESS, noun Obscurity of meaning; the state or quality of being difficult to be understood.

Boyle.

Absurd

ABSURD', adjective [Latin absurdus, from ab and surdus, deaf, insensible.] Opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of common sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear dictates of reason or sound judgment. An absurd proposition contradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice or opinion is repugnant to the reason or common apprehension of men. It is absurd to say six and six make ten, or that plants will take root in stone.

Absurdity

ABSURD'ITY, noun The quality of being inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. Want of judgment, applied to men; want of propriety, applied to things.

Johnson.

2. That which is absurd; in this sense it has a plural; the absurdities of men.

Absurdly

ABSURD'LY, adverb In a manner inconsistent with reason, or obvious propriety.

Absurdness

ABSURD'NESS, noun The same as absurdity, and less used.

Abundance

ABUND'ANCE, noun [F. abondance. See Abound.] Great plenty; an overflowing quantity; ample sufficiency; in strictness applicable to quantity only; but customarily used of number, as an abundance of peasants.

Addison.

In scripture, the abundance of the rich is great wealth. Ecclesiastes 5. Mark 12. Luke, 21.

The abundance of the seas is great plenty of fish. Deuteronomy 33.

It denotes also fullness, overflowing, as the abundance of the heart. Matthew 12 Luke, 6.

Abundant

ABUND'ANT, adjective Plentiful; in great quantity; fully sufficient; as an abundant supply. In scripture, abounding; having in great quantity; overflowing with.

The Lord God is abundant in goodness and truth. Exodus 34.

Abundant number, in arithmetic, is one, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the sum of 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 3.

Abundantly

ABUND'ANTLY, adverb Fully; amply; plentifully; in a sufficient degree.

Abusage

ABU'SAGE, noun Abuse. [Not used.]

Abuse

ABU'SE, v. t. s as z. [French abuser; Spanish abusar; Italian abusare; Latin abutor, abusus, of ab and utor, to use; Irish idh; Welsh gweth, use; Greek to accustom. See Use.]

1. To use ill; to maltreat; to misuse; to use with bad motives or to wrong purposes; as, to abuse rights or privileges.

They that use this world as not abusing it. 1 Corinthians 7.

2. To violate; to defile by improper sexual intercourse.

Spenser.

3. To deceive; to impose on.

Nor be with all these tempting words abused.

Pope.

4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful language; to revile.

He mocked and abused them shamefully.

Mac.

5. To pervert the meaning of; to misapply; as to abuse words.

Abuse

ABU'SE, noun Ill use; improper treatment or employment; application to a wrong purpose; as an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil rights, or of religious privileges; abuse of advantages, &c.

Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.

Federalist, Madison.

2. A corrupt practice or custom, as the abuses of government.

3. Rude speech; reproachful language addressed to a person; contumely; reviling words.

Milton.

4. Seduction.

After the abuse he forsook me.

Sidney.

5. Perversion of meaning; improper use or application; as an abuse of words.

Abused

ABU'SED, pp. s as z. Ill-used; used to a bad purpose; treated with rude language; misemployed; perverted to bad or wrong ends; deceived; defiled; violated.

Abuseful

ABU'SEFUL, adjective Using or practicing abuse; abusive. [Not used.]

Bp. Barlow.

Abuser

ABU'SER, n. s as z. One who abuses, in speech or behavior; one that deceives; a ravisher; a sodomite. 1 Corinthians 6.

Abusing

ABU'SING, ppr. s as z. Using ill; employing to bad purposes; deceiving; violating the person; perverting.

Abusion

ABU'SION, n. abu'zhon. Abuse; evil or corrupt usage; reproach. [Little used.]

Abusive

ABU'SIVE, adjective Practicing abuse; offering harsh words, or ill treatment; as an abusive author; an abusive fellow.

2. Containing abuse, or that is the instrument of abuse, as abusive words; rude; reproachful. In the sense of deceitful, as an abusive treaty. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Abusively

ABU'SIVELY, adverb In an abusive manner; rudely; reproachfully.

Abusiveness

ABU'SIVENESS, noun Ill-usage; the quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.

Barlow.

Abut

ABUT', verb intransitive [French aboutir. See About.] To border upon; to be contiguous to; to meet; in strictness, to adjoin to at the end; but this distinction has not always been observed. The word is chiefly used in describing the bounds or situation of land, and in popular language, is contracted into but, as butted and bounded.

Abutment

ABUT'MENT, noun The head or end; that which unites one end of a thing to another; chiefly used to denote the solid pier or mound of earth, stone or timber, which is erected on the bank of a river to support the end of a bridge and connect it with the land.

2. That which abuts or borders on another.

Bryant.

Abuttal

ABUT'TAL, noun The butting or boundary of land at the end; a head-land.

Spelman. Cowel.

Aby

ABY', verb transitive or i. [Probably contracted from abide.] To endure; to pay dearly; to remain. Obs.

Spenser.

Abysm

ABYSM', n. abyzm'. [Old French, now abime. See Abyss.] A gulf.

Shak.

Abyss

ABYSS', noun [Greek A, bottomless, from priv. and, bottom, Ion. for, See Bottom.] A bottomless gulf; used also for a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have encompassed the earth before the flood.

Darkness was upon the face of the deep, or abyss, as it is in the Septuagint. Genesis 1:2.

The word is also used for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is supposed to have collected all the waters on the third day of the creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus.

2. That which is immeasurable; that in which any thing is lost.

Thy throne is darkness, in the abyss of light.

Milton.

The abyss of time.

Dryden.

3. In antiquity, the temple of Proserpine, so called from the immense treasures it was supposed to contain.

4. In heraldry, the center of an escutcheon.

He bears azure, a fleur de lis, in abyss.

Abyssinian

ABYSSIN'IAN, adjective Arabic habashon, Abyssinians, Ethiopians, from habasha, to collect, or congregate. A name denoting a mixed multitude or a black race.

Ludolf. Castle.

Abyssinians

ABYSSIN'IANS, noun A sect of christians in Abyssinia, who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the council of Chalcedon. They are governed by a bishop, or metropolitan, called Abuna, who is appointed by the Coptic patriarch of Cairo.

Encyc.

Ac

AC, in Saxon, oak, the initial syllable of names, as acton, oaktown.

Acacalot

ACAC'ALOT, or AC'ALOT, noun A Mexican fowl, the Tantalus Mexicanus, or Corvus aquaticus, water raven. See Acalot.

Acacia

ACA'CIA, noun [Latin acacia, a thorn, from Greek, a point.]

Egyptian thorn, a species of plant ranked by Linne under the genus mimosa, and by others, made a distinct genus. Of the flowers of one species, the Chinese make a yellow dye which bears washing in silks, and appears with elegance on paper.

Encyc.

Acacia

ACACIA, in medicine, is a name given to the inspissated juice of the unripe fruit of the Mimosa Nilotica, which is brought from Egypt in roundish masses, in bladders.

Externally, it is of a deep brown color; internally, of a reddish or yellowish brown; of a firm consistence, but not very dry. It is a mild astringent. But most of the drug which passes under this name, is the inspissated juice of soles.

Encyc.

Acacia

ACACIA, among antiquaries, is a name given to something like a roll or bag, seen on medals, as in the hands of emperors and consuls. Some take it to represent a handkerchief rolled up, with which signals were given at the games; others, a roll of petitions; and some, a purple bag of earth, to remind them of their mortality.

Encyc.

Acacians

ACA'CIANS, in Church History, were certain sects, so denominated from their leaders, Acacius, bishop of Cesarea, and Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople. Some of these maintained that the Son was only a similar, not the same, substance with the Father; others, that he was not only a distinct but a dissimilar substance.

Encyc.

Academe

ACADE'ME; noun An academy; a society of persons. [Not used.]

Academial

ACADE'MIAL, adjective Pertaining to an academy.

Academian

ACADE'MIAN, noun A member of an academy; a student in a university or college.

Academic

ACADEM'IC, or ACADEM'ICAL, adjective Belonging to an academy, or to a college or universityÃ‚--as academic studies; also noting what belongs to the school or philosophy of PlatoÃ‚--as the academic sect.

Academic

ACADEM'IC, noun One who belonged to the school or adhered to the philosophy of Socrates and Plato. The latter is considered as the founder of the academic philosophy in Greece.

He taught, that matter is eternal and infinite, but without form, refractory, and tending to disorder; and that there is an intelligent cause, the author of spiritual being, and of the material world.

Enfield.

Academically

ACADEM'ICALLY, adverb In an academical manner.

Academi&Quot;Cian

ACADEMI"CIAN, noun [French acadÃƒ-©micien.]

A member of an academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences; particularly, a member of the French academies.

Academism

ACAD'EMISM, noun The doctrine of the academic philosophy.

Baxter.

Academist

ACAD'EMIST, noun A member of an Academy for promoting arts and sciences; also an academic philosopher.

Academy

ACAD'EMY, noun [Latin academia, Greek.]

Originally, it is said, a garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences.

1. A school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a university or college, and a common school; also a school, for teaching a particular art, or particular sciences, as a military academy.

2. A house, in which the students or members of an academy meet; a place of education.

3. A society of men united for the promotion of arts and sciences in general, or of some particular art.

Acalot

AC'ALOT, noun [Contracted from acacalotl.]

A Mexican fowl, called by some the aquatic crow. It is the ibis, or a fowl that very much resembles it.

Acamacu

ACAMAC'U, n, A bird, the Brazilian fly catcher, or Todus.

Cyc.

Acanaceous

ACANA'CEOUS, a. acana'shus. [Greek, a prickly shrub.]

Armed with prickles. A class of plants are called acanaceoe.

Milne.

Acantha

ACANTH'A, noun [Greek, a spine or thorn.]

In botany, a prickle; in zoology, a spine or prickly fin; an acute process of the vertebers.

Encyc.

Acanthaceous

ACANTHA'CEOUS, adjective Armed with prickles, as a plant.

Acantharis

ACAN'THARIS, noun In entomology, a species of Cimex, with a spinous thorax, and a ciliated abdomen, with spines; found in Jamaica.

Cyc.

Acanthine

ACANTH'INE, adjective [See Acanthus.]

Pertaining to the plant, acanthus. The acanthine garments of the ancients were made of the down of thistles, or embroidered in imitation of the acanthus.

Encyc.

Acanthopterygious

ACANTHOPTERYG'IOUS, adjective [Gr, a thorn, and, a little feather, from, a feather.]

In zoology, having back fins, which are hard, bony and pricky, a term applied to certain fishes.

Linne.

Acanthus

ACANTH'US, noun [Greek, Latin acanthus, from, a prickle or thorn. See acantha.]

1. The plant bear's breech or brank ursine; a genus of several species, receiving their name from their prickles.

2. In architecture, an ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus, used in capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders.

Milton. Encyc.

Acanticone

ACAN'TICONE, noun See Pistacite.

Acarnar

ACARN'AR, noun A bright star, of the first magnitude, in Eridanus.

Bailey.

Acatalectic

ACATALEC'TIC, noun [Greek, not defective at the end, of and to cease; Irish lieghim.] A verse, which has the complete number of syllables without defect or superfluity.

Johnson.

Acatalepsy

ACAT'ALEPSY, noun [Greek; and to comprehend.]

Impossibility of complete discovery or comprehension; incomprehensibility. [Little used.]

Whitaker.

Acatechili

ACAT'ECHILI, noun A Mexican bird, a species of Fringilla, of the size of the siskin.

Acater

ACATER, ACATES. See Caterer and Cates.

Acauline

ACAU'LINE, or ACAU'LOUS, adjective [Latin adjective priv. and caulis, Greek, a stalk; Welsh kaul; Dutch kool, cabbage. See Colewort.]

In botany, without a stem, having flowers resting on the ground; as the Carline thistle.

Accede

ACCE'DE, v.i. [Latin accedo, of ad and cedo, to yield or give place, or rather to move.]

1. To agree or assent, as to a proposition, or to terms proposed by another. Hence in a negotiation.

2. To become a party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty, or convention.

Acceding

ACCE'DING, participle of the present tense Agreeing; assenting; becoming a party to a treaty by agreeing to the terms proposed.

Accelerate

ACCEL'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin accelero, of ad and celero, to hasten, from celer, quick: Greek; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac and Ethiopic, or, to be light, nimble; Syriac to hasten. In Chaldee and Arabic this root signifies also to be small, or minute.]

1. To cause to move faster; to hasten; to quicken motion; to add to the velocity of a moving body. It implies previous motion or progression.

2. To add to natural or ordinary progression; as to accelerate the growth of a plant. or the progress of knowledge.

3. To bring nearer in time; to shorten the time between the present time and a future event; as to accelerate the ruin of a government; to accelerate a battle.

Bacon.

Accelerated

ACCEL'ERATED, participle passive Quickened in motion; hastened in progress.

Accelerating

ACCEL'ERATING, participle of the present tense Hastening; increasing velocity or progression.

Acceleration

ACCELERA'TION, noun The act of increasing velocity or progress; the state of being quickened in motion or action. Accelerated motion in mechanics and physics, is that which continually receives accessions of velocity; as, a falling body moves towards the earth with an acceleration of velocity. It is the opposite of retardation.

Acceleration of the moon, is the increase of the moon's mean motion from the sun, compared with the diurnal motion of the earth; the moon moving with more velocity now than in ancient timesÃ‚--a discovery made by Dr. Halley.

The diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, is the time by which they anticipate the mean diurnal revolution of the sun, which is nearly three minutes, fifty-six seconds.

Cyc.

Accelerative

ACCEL'ERATIVE, adjective Adding to velocity; quickening progression.

Reid.

Acceleratory

ACCEL'ERATORY, adjective Accelerating; quickening motion.

Accend

ACCEND', v.t. [Latin accendo, to kindle; ad and candeo, caneo, to be white, canus, white; Welsh can, white, bright; also a song. Whence, canto, to sing, to chant; cantus, a song; cant; Welsh canu, to bleach or whiten, and to sing; cynnud, fuel. Hence, kindle, Latin candidus, candid, white. The primary sense is, to throw, dart, or thrust; to shoot, as the rays of light. Hence, to cant, to throw. See Chant and Cant.] To kindle; to set on fire. [The verb is not used.]

Accendibility

ACCENDIBIL'ITY, noun Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed.

Accendible

ACCEND'IBLE, adjective Capable of being inflamed or kindled.

Ure.

Accension

ACCEN'SION, noun The act of kindling or setting on fire; or the state of being kindled; inflammation.

Chimistry.

Accent

AC'CENT, noun [Latin accentus, from ad and cano, cantum, to sing; Welsh canu; Cornish kana; Irish canaim. See Accend.]

1. The modulation of the voice in reading or speaking, as practiced by the ancient Greeks, which rendered their rehearsal musical. More strictly, in English,

2. A particular stress or force of voice upon certain syllables of words, which distinguishes them from the others. Accent is of two kinds, primary and secondary; as in as'pira'tion. In uttering this word, we observe the first and third syllables are distinguished; the third by a full sound, which constitutes the primary accent; the first, by a degree of force in the voice which is less than that of the primary accent, but evidently greater than that which falls on the second and fourth syllables.

When the full accent falls on a vowel, that vowel has its long sound, as in vo'cal; but when it falls on an articulation or consonant, the preceding vowel is short, as in hab'it. Accent alone regulates English verse.

3. A mark or character used in writing to direct the stress of the voice in pronunciation. Our ancestors borrowed from the Greek language three of these characters, the acute (',) the grave (`) and the circumflex (~ or ^.) In the Greek, the first shows when the voice is to be raised; the second, when it is to be depressed; and the third, when the vowel is to be uttered with an undulating sound.

4. A modulation of the voice expressive of passions or sentiments.

The tender accents of a woman's cry.

Prior.

5. Manner of speaking.

A man of plain accent. Obs.

Shak.

6. Poetically, words, language, or expressions in general.

Words, on your wings, to heaven her accents bear,

Such words as heaven alone is fit to hear.

Dryden.

7. In music, a swelling of sounds, for the purpose of variety or expression. The principal accent falls on the first note in the bar, but the third place in common time requires also an accent.

8. A peculiar tone or inflection of voice.

Accent

AC'CENT, verb transitive To express accent; to utter a syllable with a particular stress or modulation of the voice. In poetry, to utter or pronounce in general. Also to note accents by marks in writing.

Locke. Wotton.

Accented

AC'CENTED, participle passive Uttered with accent; marked with accent.

Accenting

AC'CENTING, participle of the present tense Pronouncing or marking with accent.

Accentual

ACCENT'UAL, adjective Pertaining to accent.

Accentuate

ACCENT'UATE, verb transitive To mark or pronounce with an accent or with accents.

Accentuation

ACCENTUA'TION, noun The act of placing accents in writing, or of pronouncing them in speaking.

Accept

ACCEPT', verb transitive [Latin accepto, from accipio, ad and capio, to take; French accepter; Spanish aceptar; Portugese aceiter; Italian accettare. See Latin capio. Class German b.]

1. To take or receive what is offered, with a consenting mind; to receive with approbation or favor.

Bless, Lord, his substance, and accept the work of his hands. Deuteronomy 33.

He made an offer which was accepted.

Observe the difference between receive and accept.

He received an appointment or the offer of a commission, but he did not accept it.

2. To regard with partiality; to value or esteem.

It is not good to accept the person of the wicked. Proverbs 18:2 Corinthians 8.

In theology, acceptance with God implies forgiveness of sins and reception into his favor.

3. To consent or agree to; to receive as terms of a contract; as, to accept a treaty; often followed by of.

Accept of the terms.

4. To understand; to have a particular idea of; to receive in a particular sense.

How is this phrase to be accepted?

5. In commerce, to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. [See Acceptance.]

Acceptable

ACCEPT'ABLE, adjective That may be received with pleasure; hence pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; as an acceptable present.

2. Agreeable or pleasing in person; as, a man makes himself acceptable by his services or civilities.

Acceptableness

ACCEPT'ABLENESS, or ACCEPTABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being agreeable to a receiver, or to a person with whom one has intercourse. [The latter word is little used, or not at all.]

Acceptably

ACCEPT'ABLY, adverb In a manner to please, or give satisfaction.

Let us have grace whereby we may serve God acceptably. Hebrews 12.

Acceptance

ACCEPT'ANCE, noun A receiving with approbation or satisfaction; favorable reception; as work done to acceptance.

They shall come up with acceptance on my altar. Isaiah 60.

2. The receiving of a bill of exchange or order, in such a manner, as to bind the acceptor to make payment. This must be by express words; and to charge the drawer with costs, in case of non payment, the acceptance must be in writing, under, across, or on the back of the bill.

Blackstone.

3. An agreeing to terms or proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded and the parties bound.

4. An agreeing to the act or contract of another, by some act which binds the person in law; as, a bishop's taking rent reserved on a lease made by his predecessor, is an acceptance of the terms of the lease and binds the party.

Law.

5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange accepted; as a merchant receives another's acceptance in payment.

6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is understood. Obs. [See Acceptation.]

Acceptation

ACCEPTA'TION, noun Kind reception; a receiving with favor or approbation.

This is a saying worthy of all acceptation. 1 Timothy 1.

2. A state of being acceptable; favorable regard.

Some things are of great dignity and acceptation with God.

Hooker.

But in this sense acceptableness is more generally used.

3. The meaning or sense in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; as, a term is to be used according to its usual acceptation.

4. Reception in general. Obs.

Accepted

ACCEPT'ED, participle passive Kindly received; regarded; agreed to; understood; received as a bill of exchange.

Accepter

ACCEPT'ER, or ACCEPT'OR, noun A person who accepts; the person who receives a bill of exchange so as to bind himself to pay it. [See Acceptance.]

Accepting

ACCEPT'ING, participle of the present tense Receiving favorably; agreeing to; understanding.

Acception

ACCEP'TION, noun The received sense of a word. [Not now used.]

Hammond.

Acceptive

ACCEPT'IVE, adjective Ready to accept. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Access

ACCESS', noun [Latin accessus, from accedo. See Accede. French accÃƒ-¨s.]

1. A coming to; near approach; admittance; admission; as to gain access to a prince.

2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may be approached; as, the access is by a neck of land.

Bacon.

3. Means of approach; liberty to approach; implying previous obstacles.

By whom also we have access by faith. Romans 5.

4. Admission to sexual intercourse.

During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown.

Blackstone.

5. Addition; increase by something added; as an access of territory; but in this sense accession is more generally used.

6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease, or fever. In this sense accession is generally used.

Accessarily

ACCESSARILY, See ACCESSORILY.

Accessariness

ACCESSARINESS, See ACCESSORINESS.

Accessary

ACCESSARY, See ACCESSORY.

Accessibility

ACCESSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being approachable; or of admitting access.

Accessible

ACCESS'IBLE, adjective That may be approached or reached; approachable; applied to things; as an accessible town or mountain.

2. Easy of approach; affable; used of persons.

Accession

ACCESS'ION, noun [Latin accessio.] A coming to; an acceding to and joining; as a king's accession to a confederacy.

2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation; as an accession of wealth or territory.

3. In law, a mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance, which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the thing added or the improvement; provided the thing is not changed into a different species. Thus the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf.

Blackstone.

4. The act of arriving at a throne, an office, or dignity.

5. That which is added.

The only accession which the Roman Empire received, was the province of Britain.

Gibbon.

6. The invasion of a fit of a periodical disease, or fever. It differs from exacerbation. Accession implies a total previous intermission, as of a fever; exacerbation implies only a previous remission or abatement of violence.

Accessional

ACCESS'IONAL, adjective Additional.

Accessorial

ACCESSO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to an accessory; as accessorial agency, accessorial guilt.

Burr's Trial.

Accessorily

AC'CESSORILY, adverb [See Accessory.] In the manner of an accessory; by subordinate means, or in a secondary character; not as principal, but as a subordinate agent.

Accessoriness

AC'CESSORINESS, noun The state of being accessory, or of being or acting in a secondary character.

Accessory

AC'CESSORY, adjective [Latin Accessorius, from accessus, accedo. See Accede. This word is accented on the first syllable on account of the derivatives, which require a secondary accent on the third; but the natural accent of accessory is on the second syllable, and thus it is often pronounced by good speakers.]

1. Acceding; contributing; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in subordination to the principal agent. Usually, in a bad sense, as John was accessory to the felony.

2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a secondary manner, as accessory sounds in music.

Encyc.

Accessory

AC'CESSORY, noun In law, one who is guilty of a felony, not by committing the offense in person or as principal, but by advising or commanding another to commit the crime, or by concealing the offender. There may be accessories in all felonies, but not in treason. An accessory before the fact, is one who counsels or commands another to commit a felony, and is not present when the act is executed; after the fact, when one receives and conceals the offender.

2. That which accedes or belongs to something else, as its principal.

Accessory nerves, in anatomy, a pair of nerves, which arising from the medulla in the vertebers of the neck, ascend and enter the skull; then passing out with the par vagum, are distributed into the muscles of the neck and shoulders.

Accessory, among painters, an epithet given to parts of a history-piece which are merely ornamental, as vases, armor, &c.

Accidence

AC'CIDENCE, noun [See Accident.] A small book containing the rudiments of grammar.

Accident

AC'CIDENT, noun [Latin accidens, falling, from ad and cado, to fall; Welsh codum, a fall, cwyzaw, to fall; Irish kudaim; Cornish kotha; Armoric kuetha, to fall. See Case and Cadence. Class G d.]

1. A coming or falling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an event which proceeds from an unknown cause, or is an unusual effect of a known cause, and therefore not expected; chance; casualty; contingency.

2. That which takes place or begins to exist without an efficient intelligent cause and without design.

All of them, in his opinion, owe their being, to fate, accident, or the blind action of stupid matter.

Dwight.

3. In logic, a property, or quality of a being which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper. Also all qualities are called accidents, in opposition to substance, as sweetness, softness, and things not essential to a body, as clothes.

Encyc.

4. In grammar, something belonging to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, inflection.

Encyc.

5. In heraldry, a point or mark, not essential to a coat of arms.

Encyc.

Accidental

ACCIDENT'AL, adjective Happening by chance, or rather unexpectedly; casual; fortuitous; taking place not according to the usual course of things; opposed to that which is constant, regular, or intended; as an accidental visit.

2. Non-essential; not necessarily belonging to; as songs are accidental to a play.

Accidental colors, are those which depend upon the affections of the eye, in distinction from those which belong to the light itself.

Encyc.

Accidental point, in perspective, is that point in the horizontal line, where the projections of two lines parallel to each other, meet the perspective plane.

Accidentally

ACCIDENT'ALLY, adverb By chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.

Accidentalness

ACCIDENT'ALNESS, noun The quality of being casual. [Little used.]

Accidentiary

ACCIDEN'TIARY, adjective Pertaining to the accidence. [Not used.]

Morton.

Accipiter

ACCIP'ITER, noun [Latin ad and capio, to seize.]

1. A name given to a fish, the milvus or lucerna, a species of Trigla.

Cyc.

2. In ornithology, the name of the order of rapacious fowls.

The accipiters have a hooked bill, the superior mandible, near the base, being extended on each side beyond the inferior. The genera are the vultur, the falco, or hawk, and the strix, or owl.

Accipitrine

ACCIP'ITRINE, adjective [Supra.] Seizing; rapacious; as the accipitrine order of fowls.

Ed. Encyc.

Accite

ACCI'TE, v.t. [Latin ad and cito, to cite.] To call; to cite; to summon. [Not used.]

Acclaim

ACCLA'IM, v.t. [Latin acclamo, ad and clamo, to cry out; Spanish clamar; Portugese clamar; Italian clamare; Welsh llevain; Irish liumham. See Claim, Clamor.] To applaud. [Little used.]

Hall.

Acclaim

ACCLA'IM, noun A shout of joy; acclamation.

Milton.

Acclamation

ACCLAMA'TION, noun [Latin acclamatio. See Acclaim.]

A shout of applause, uttered by a multitude. Anciently, acclamation was a form of words, uttered with vehemence, somewhat resembling a song, sometimes accompanied with applauses which were given by the hands. Acclamations were ecclesiastical, military, nuptial, senatorial, synodical, theatrical, &c.; they were musical, and rythmical; and bestowed for joy, respect, and even reproach, and often accompanied with words, repeated, five, twenty, and even sixty and eighty times. In the later ages of Rome, acclamations were performed by a chorus of music instructed for the purpose.

In modern times, acclamations are expressed by huzzas; by clapping of hands; and often by repeating vivat rex, vivat respublica, long live the king or republic, or other words expressive of joy and good wishes.

Acclamatory

ACCLAM'ATORY, adjective Expressing joy or applause by shouts, or clapping of hands.

Acclimated

ACCLI'MATED, adjective [Ac for ad and climate.] Habituated to a foreign climate, or a climate not native; so far accustomed to a foreign climate as not to be peculiarly liable to its endemical diseases.

Med. Repository.

Acclivity

ACCLIV'ITY, noun [Latin acclivus, acclivis, ascending, from ad and clivus, an ascent;

Irish clui; Greek Eol.; Saxon clif, a cliff, bank or shore; clifian, cleofian, to cleave, or split. See Cliff.]

A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending. Rising ground; ascent; the talus of a rampart.

Acclivous

ACCLI'VOUS, adjective Rising, as a hill with a slope.

Accloy

ACCLOY', v.t. To fill; to stuff; to fill to satiety. [Not used.] [See Cloy.]

Spenser.

Accoil

ACCOIL'. [See Coil.]

Accola

AC'COLA, noun A delicate fish eaten at Malta.

Accolade

ACCOLA'DE, noun [Latin ad and collum, neck.]

A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood; but whether an embrace or a blow, seems not to be settled.

Cyc.

Accommodable

ACCOM'MODABLE, adjective [French accommodable. See Accommodate.]

That may be fitted, made suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.]

Accommodate

ACCOM'MODATE, v.t. [Latin accommodo, to apply or suit, from ad and commodo, to profit or help; of con, with, and modus, measure, proportion, limit, or manner. See Mode.]

1. To fit, adapt, or make suitable; as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances; to accommodate the choice of subjects to the occasions.

Paley.

2. To supply with or furnish; followed by with; as, to accommodate a man with apartments.

3. To supply with conveniences, as to accommodate a friend.

4. To reconcile things which are at variance; to adjust; as to accommodate differences.

5. To show fitness or agreement; to apply; as, to accommodate prophecy to events.

6. To lendÃ‚--a commercial sense.

In an intransitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by Boyle. Obs.

Accommodate

ACCOM'MODATE, adjective Suitable; fit; adapted; as means accommodate to the end.

Ray. Tillotson.

Accommodated

ACCOM'MODATED, participle passive Fitted; adjusted; adapted; applied; also furnished with conveniences.

We are well accommodated with lodgings.

Accommodately

ACCOM'MODATELY, adverb Suitably; fitly. [Little used.]

More.

Accommodateness

ACCOM'MODATENESS, noun Fitness. [Little used.]

Accommodating

ACCOM'MODATING, participle of the present tense Adapting; making suitable; reconciling; furnishing with conveniences; applying.

Accommodating

ACCOM'MODATING, adjective Adapting one's self to; obliging; yielding to the desires of others; disposed to comply, and to oblige another; as an accommodating man.

Accommodation

ACCOMMODA'TION, noun Fitness; adaptation; followed by to.

The organization of the body with accommodation to its functions.

Hale.

2. Adjustment of differences; reconciliation; as of parties in dispute.

3. Provision of conveniences.

4. In the plural; conveniences; things furnished for use; chiefly applied to lodgings.

5. In mercantile language, accommodation is used for a loan of money; which is often a great convenience. An accommodation note, in the language of bank directors, is one drawn and offered for discount, for the purpose of borrowing its amount, in opposition to a note, which the owner has received in payment for goods.

In England, accommodation bill, is one given instead of a loan of money.

Crabbe.

6. It is also used of a note lent merely to accommodate the borrower.

7. In theology, accommodation is the application of one thing to another by analogy, as of the words of a prophecy to a future event.

Many of those quotations were probably intended as nothing more than accommodations.

Paley.

8. In marine language, an accommodation-ladder is a light ladder hung over the side of a ship at the gangway.

Accommodator

ACCOM'MODATOR, noun One that accommodates; one that adjusts.

Warburton.

Accompanable

ACCOM'PANABLE, adjective [See Accompany.] Sociable. [Not used.]

Accompanied

ACCOM'PANIED, participle passive Attended; joined with in society.

Accompaniment

ACCOM'PANIMENT, noun [French Accompagnement. See Accompany.] Something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the sake of symmetry. Thus instruments of music attending the voice; small objects in painting; dogs, guns and game in a hunting piece; warlike instruments with the portrait of a military character, are accompaniments.

Accompanist

ACCOM'PANIST, noun The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.

Busby.

Accompany

ACCOM'PANY, v.t. [French accompagner; Spanish acompaÃƒ-±ar; Portugese acompanhar. See Company.]

1. To go with or attend as a companion or associate on a journey, walk, &c.; as a man accompanies his friend to church, or on a tour.

2. To be with as connected; to attend; as pain accompanies disease.

Accompany

ACCOM'PANY, verb intransitive To attend; to be an associate; as to accompany with others. Obs.

Bacon.

2. To cohabit.

Milton.

3. In music, to perform the accompanying part in a composition.

Busby.

Accompanying

ACCOM'PANYING, participle of the present tense Attending; going with as a companion.

Accomplice

ACCOM'PLICE, noun [French complice; Latin complicatus, folded together, of con, with, and plico, to fold; Welsh plegy, to plait; Armoric plega, See Complex and Pledge.] As associate in a crime; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is wholly obsolete. It is followed by with before a person; as, A was an accomplice with B in the murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a thing.

Accomplish

ACCOM'PLISH, verb transitive [French accomplir, to finish, from ad and Latin compleo, to complete. See Complete.] To complete; to finish entirely.

That He would accomplish seventy years in the desolation of Jerusalem. Danish ix.

2. To execute; as to accomplish a vow, wrath or fury. Leviticus 13 and 20.

3. To gain; to obtain or effect by successful exertions; as to accomplish a purpose. Proverbs 13.

4. To fulfil to bring to pass; as, to accomplish a prophecy.

This that is written must yet be accomplished in me. Luke, 22.

5. To furnish with qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete, as with valuable endowments and elegant manners.

Accomplished

ACCOM'PLISHED, participle passive Finished; completed; fulfilled; executed; effected.

2. adjective Well endowed with good qualities and manners; complete in acquirements; having a finished education.

3. Fashionable.

Swift.

Accomplisher

ACCOM'PLISHER, noun One who accomplishes.

Accomplishing

ACCOM'PLISHING, participle of the present tense Finishing; completing; fulfilling; executing; effecting; furnishing with valuable qualities.

Accomplishment

ACCOM'PLISHMENT, noun Completion; fulfilment; entire performance; as the accomplishment of a prophecy.

2. The act of carrying into effect, or obtaining an object designed; attainment; as the accomplishment of our desires or ends.

3. Acquirement; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education.

Accompt

ACCOMPT'. obsolete [See Account.]

Accomptant

ACCOMPT'ANT. obsolete [See Accountant.]

Accord

ACCORD', noun [French accord, agreement, consent; accorder, to adjust, or reconcile; Spanish acordar; Armoric accord, accordi; Italian accordo, accordare. The Latin has concors, concordo. Qu. cor and cordis, the heart, or from the same root. In some of its applications, it is naturally deduced from chorda, Italian corda, the string of a musical instrument.]

1. Agreement; harmony of minds; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills.

They all continued with one accord in prayer. Acts 1.

2. Concert; harmony of sounds; the union of different sounds, which is agreeable to the ear; agreement in pitch and tone; as the accord of notes; but in this sense, it is more usual to employ concord or chord.

3. Agreement; just correspondence of things; as the accord of light and shade in painting.

4. Will; voluntary or spontaneous motion; used of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, and preceded by own.

Being more forward of his own accord. 2 Corinthians 8.

That which groweth of its own accord thou shalt not reap. Leviticus 25.

5. Adjustment of a difference; reconciliation. The mediator of an accord.

6. In law, an agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit.

Blackstone.

7. Permission, leave.

Accord

ACCORD', v.t. To make to agree, or correspond; to adjust one thing to another.

Her hands accorded the lute's music to the voice.

Sidney.

2. To bring to an agreement; to settle, adjust or compose; as to accord suits or controversies.

Hall.

Accord

ACCORD', verb intransitive To agree; to be in correspondence.

My heart accordeth with my tongue.

Shak.

2. To agree in pitch and tone.

Accordable

ACCORD'ABLE, adjective Agreeable; consonant.

Gower.

Accordance

ACCORD'ANCE, noun Agreement with a person; conformity with a thing.

Acccordant

ACCCORD'ANT, adjective Corresponding; consonant; agreeable.

Accorded

ACCORD'ED, participle passive Made to agree; adjusted.

Shak.

Accorder

ACCORD'ER, noun One that aids, or favors. [Little used.]

According

ACCORD'ING, participle of the present tense Agreeing; harmonizing.

Th' according music of a well mixt state.

Pope.

2. Suitable; agreeable; in accordance with.

In these senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence.

Our zeal should be according to knowledge.

Sprat.

Noble is the fame that is built on candor and ingenuity, according to those beautiful lines of Sir John Denham.

Spectator.

Here the whole preceding parts of the sentence are to accord, i.e. agree with, correspond with, or be suitable to, what follows. According, here, has its true participal sense, agreeing, and is always followed by to. It is never a preposition.

Accordingly

ACCORD'INGLY, adverb Agreeably; suitably; in a manner conformable to.

Those who live in faith and good works, will be rewarded accordingly.

Accorporate

ACCORP'ORATE, verb transitive To unite; [Not in use.] [See Incorporate.]

Milton.

Accost

ACCOST' verb transitive [French accoster; ad and cote, side, border, coast; German kÃƒ-¼ste; Dutch kust; Danish kyst.]

To approach; to draw near; to come side by side, or face to face. [Not in use.]

2. To speak first to; to address.

Milton. Dryden.

Accost

ACCOST', verb intransitive To adjoin. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Accostable

ACCOST'ABLE, adjective Easy of access; familiar.

Howell.

Accosted

ACCOST'ED, participle passive Addressed; first spoken to. In heraldry, being side by side.

Accosting

ACCOST'ING, participle of the present tense Addressing by first speaking to.

Accoucheur

ACCOUCHEUR, noun accooshÃƒ-¡re. [French] A man who assists women in childbirth.

Account

ACCOUNT', noun [French conte; Italian conto; Spanish cuenta; Armoric count; an account, reckoning, computation. Formerly writers used accompt from the French compte. See Count.]

1. A sum stated on paper; a registry of a debt or credit; of debts and credits, or charges; an entry in a book or on paper of things bought or sold, of payments, services &c., including the names of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value of the thing.

Account signifies a single entry or charge, or a statement of a number of particular debts and credits, in a book or on a separate paper; and in the plural, is used for the books containing such entries.

2. A computation of debts and credits, or a general statement of particular sums; as, the account stands thus; let him exhibit his account.

3. A computation or mode of reckoning; applied to other things, than money or trade; as the Julian account of time.

4. Narrative; relation; statement of facts; recital of particular transactions and events, verbal or written; as an account of the revolution in France. Hence,

5. An assignment of reasons; explanation by a recital of particular transactions, given by a person in an employment, or to a superior, often implying responsibility.

Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke, 16.

Without responsibility or obligation.

He giveth not account of his matters. Job 33.

6. Reason or consideration, as a motive; as on all accounts, on every account.

7. Value; importance; estimation; that is, such a state of persons or things, as renders them worthy of more or less estimation; as men of account.

What is the son of man that thou makest account of him. Psalm 144.

8. Profit; advantage; that is, a result or production worthy of estimation. To find our account in a pursuit; to turn to account.

Philip. 4.

9. Regard; behalf; sake; a sense deduced from charges on book; as on account of public affairs.

Put that to mine account. Philemon 18.

To make account, that is, to have a previous opinion or expectation, is a sense now obsolete.

A writ of account, in law, is a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant should render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; called also an action of account.

Cowel.

Account

ACCOUNT', v.t. To deem, judge, consider, think, or hold in opinion.

I and my son Solomon shall be accounted offenders. 1. Kings 1.

2. To account of, to hold in esteem; to value.

Let a man so account of us as of ministers of Christ. 1 Corinthians 4.

Silver was not any thing accounted of in the days of Solomon. 1 Kings 10.

3. To reckon, or compute; as, the motion of the sun whereby years are accountedÃ‚--also to assign as a debt; as, a project accounted to his service; but these uses are antiquated.

Account

ACCOUNT', verb intransitive To render an account or relation of particulars. An officer must account with or to the Treasurer for money received.

2. To give reasons; to assign the causes; to explain; with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty.

3. To render reasons; to answer for in a responsible character.

We must account for all the talents entrusted to us.

Accountability

ACCOUNTABIL'ITY, noun The state of being liable to answer for one's conduct; liability to give account, and to receive reward or punishment for actions.

The awful idea of accountability.

R. Hall.

2. Liability to the payment of money or of damages; responsibility for a trust.

Accountable

ACCOUNT'ABLE, adjective Liable to be called to account; answerable to a superior.

Every man is accountable to God for his conduct.

2. Subject to pay, or make good, in case of loss. A sheriff is accountable, as bailiff and receiver of goods.

Accountable for, that may be explained. [Not elegant.]

Accountableness

ACCOUNT'ABLENESS, noun Liableness to answer or to give account; the state of being answerable, or liable to the payment of money or damages.

Accountant

ACCOUNT'ANT, noun One skilled in mercantile accounts; more generally, a person who keeps accounts; an officer in a public office who has charge of the accounts. In Great Britain, an officer in the court of chancery, who receives money and pays it to the bank, is called accountant-general.

Account-Book

ACCOUNT'-BOOK, noun A book in which accounts are kept.

Swift.

Accounted

ACCOUNT'ED, participle passive Esteemed; deemed; considered; regarded; valued.

Accounted for, explained.

Accounting

ACCOUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Deeming; esteeming; reckoning; rendering an account.

Accounting for, rendering an account; assigning the reasons; unfolding the causes.

Accounting

ACCOUNT'ING, noun The act of reckoning or adjusting accounts.

Accouple

ACCOUPLE, v. t. accup'ple. To couple; to join or link together. [See Couple.]

Accouplement

ACCOUPLEMENT, n. accup'plement. A coupling; a connecting in pairs; junction. [Little used.]

Accourage

ACCOUR'AGE, v. t. accur'age. [See Courage.] To encourage. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Accourt

ACCOURT, verb transitive [See Court.] To entertain with courtesy. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Accouter

ACCOUTER, v. t. accoot'er. [French accoutrer; contracted from accoustrer, from Norm. coste, a coat, coster, a rich cloth or vestment for festivals. I think this to be the true origin of the word, rather than coudre, couture, couturier.]

In a general sense, to dress; to equip; but appropriately, to array in a military dress; to put on, or to furnish with a military dress and arms; to equip the body for military service.

Accoutered

ACC:OUT'ERED, participle passive Dressed in arms; equipped.

Accoutering

ACC:OUT'ERING, participle of the present tense Equipping with military habiliments.

Accouterments

ACC:OUT'ERMENTS, noun plu. Dress; equip-age; furniture for the body; appropriately, military dress and arms; equipage for military service.

2. In common usage, an old or unusual dress.

Accoy

ACCOY', verb transitive [old French accoisir. Todd.]

To render quiet or diffident; to soothe; to caress. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Accredit

ACCRED'IT, verb transitive [French accrediter; Spanish acreditar; Italian accreditare; to give authority or reputation; from Latin ad and credo, to believe, or give faith to. See Credit.]

To give credit, authority, or reputation; to accredit an envoy, is to receive him in his public character, and give him credit and rank accordingly.

Accreditation

ACCREDITA'TION, noun That which gives title to credit. [Little used.]

Accredited

ACCRED'ITED, participle passive Allowed; received with reputation; authorized in a public character.

Christ. Obs.

Accrediting

ACCRED'ITING, participle of the present tense Giving authority or reputation.

Accrescent

ACCRES'CENT, adjective [See Accretion.] Increasing.

Shuckford.

Accretion

ACCRE'TION, noun [Latin accretio, increase; accres'co, to increase, literally, to grow to;

ad and cresco; accrue; French accroitre. See Increase, Accrue, Grow.]

1. A growing to; an increase by natural growth; applied to the increase of organic bodies by the accession of parts.

Plants have an accretion, but no alimentation.

Bacon.

2. In the civil law, the adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; as, when a legacy is left to two persons, and one of them dies before the testator, the legacy devolves to the survivor by right of accretion.

Encyc.

Accretive

ACCRE'TIVE, adjective Increasing by growth; growing; adding to by growth; as the accretive motion of plants.

Accroach

ACCROACH, verb intransitive [French accrocher, to fix on a hook; from croc, crochet, a hook, from the same elements as crook, which see.]

1. To hook, or draw to, as with a hook; but in this sense not used.

2. To encroach; to draw away from another. Hence in old laws to assume the exercise of royal prerogatives.

Blackstone.

The noun accroachment, an encroachment, or attempt to exercise royal power, is rarely or never used. [See Encroach.]

Accrue

ACCRUE, v.i. accru'. [French accroÃƒ-®tre, accru, to increase; Latin accresco, cresco; Spanish crecer and acrecer; Italian crescere, accrescere; Portugese crecer; Armoric crisqi.]

Literally, to grow to; hence to arise, proceed or come; to be added, as increase, profit or damage; as, a profit accrues to government from the coinage of copper; a loss accrues from the coinage of gold and silver.

Accrue

ACCRUE, n. accru'. Something that accedes to, or follows the property of another. Obs.

Accruing

ACCRU'ING, participle of the present tense Growing to; arising; coming; being added.

Accrument

ACCRU'MENT, noun Addition; increase. [Little used.]

Montagu.

Accubation

ACCUBA'TION, noun [Latin accubatio, a reclining, from ad and cubo, to lie down. See Cube.] A lying or reclining on a couch, as the ancients at their meals. The manner was to recline on low beds or couches with the head resting on a pillow or on the elbow. Two or three men lay on one bed, the feet of one extended behind the back of another. This practice was not permitted among soldiers, children, and servants; nor was it known, until luxury had corrupted manners.

Encyc.

Accumb

ACCUMB', verb intransitive [Latin accumbo; ad and cubo.] to recline as at table. [Not used.]

Accumbency

ACCUM'BENCY, noun State of being accumbent or reclining.

Accumbent

ACCUM'BENT, adjective [Latin accumbens, accumbo, from cubo. See Accubation.] Leaning or reclining, as the ancients at their meals.

Accumulate

ACCU'MULATE, verb transitive [Latin accumulo, ad and cumulo, to heap; cumulus, a heap; Spanish acumular; Italian accumulare; French accumuler, combler.]

1. To heap up; to pile; to amass; as, to accumulate earth or stones.

2. To collect or bring together; as to accumulate causes of misery; to accumulate wealth.

Accumulate

ACCU'MULATE, verb intransitive To grow to a great size, number or quantity; to increase greatly; as public evils accumulate.

Accumulate

ACCU'MULATE, adjective Collected into a mass, or quantity.

Bacon.

Accumulated

ACCU'MULATED, participle passive Collected into a heap or great quantity.

Accumulating

ACCU'MULATING, participle of the present tense Heaping up; amassing; increasing greatly.

Accumulation

ACCUMULA'TION, noun The act of accumulating; the state of being accumulated; an amassing; a collecting together; as an accumulation of earth or of evils.

2. In law, the concurrence of several titles to the same thing, or of several circumstances to the same proof.

Encyc.

3. In Universities, an accumulation of degrees, is the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual, or than is allowed by the rules.

Encyc.

Accumulative

ACCU'MULATIVE, adjective That accumulates; heaping up; accumulating.

Accumulator

ACCU'MULATOR, noun One that accumulates, gathers, or amasses.

Accuracy

AC'CURACY, noun [Latin accuratio, from accurare, to take care of; ad and curare, to take care; cura, care. See Care.]

1. Exactness; exact conformity to truth; or to a rule or model; freedom from mistake; nicety; correctness; precision which results from care. The accuracy of ideas or opinions is conformity to truth. The value of testimony depends on its accuracy; copies of legal instruments should be taken with accuracy.

2. Closeness; tightness; as a tube sealed with accuracy.

Accurate

AC'CURATE, adjective [Latin accuratus.] In exact conformity to truth, or to a standard or rule, or to a model; free from failure, error, or defect; as an accurate account; accurate measure; an accurate expression.

2. Determinate; precisely fixed; as, one body may not have a very accurate influence on another.

Bacon.

3. Close; perfectly tight; as an accurate sealing or luting.

Accurately

AC'CURATELY, adverb Exactly; in an accurate manner; with precision; without error or defect; as a writing accurately copied.

2. Closely; so as to be perfectly tight; as a vial accurately stopped.

Comstock.

Accurateness

AC'CURATENESS, noun Accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.

Accurse

ACCURSE, v. t. accurs', [Ac for ad and curse.] To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon. [This verb is rarely used. See Curse.]

Accursed

ACCURS'ED, participle passive or adjective Doomed to destruction or misery:

The city shall be accursed. John 6.

2. Separated from the faithful; cast out of the church; excommunicated.

I could wish myself accursed from Christ.

St. Paul.

3. Worthy of the curse; detestable; execrable.

Keep from the accursed thing. Joshua 6. Hence,

4. Wicked; malignant in the extreme.

Accusable

ACCU'SABLE, adjective That may be accused; chargeable with a crime; blamable; liable to censure; followed by of.

Accusant

ACCU'SANT, noun One who accuses.

Hall.

Accusation

ACCUSA'TION, noun The act of charging with a crime or offense; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice.

2. The charge of an offense or crime; or the declaration containing the charge.

They set over his head his accusation. Matthew 27.

Accusative

ACCU'SATIVE, adjective A term given to a case of nouns, in Grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or falls; called in English Grammar the objective case.

Accusatively

ACCU'SATIVELY, adverb In an accusative manner.

2. In relation to the accusative case in Grammar.

Accusatory

ACCU'SATORY, adjective Accusing; containing an accusation; as an accusatory libel.

Accuse

ACCU'SE, verb transitive s as z. [Latin accuso, to blame, or accuse; ad and causor, to blame, or accuse; causa, blame, suit, or process, cause; French accuser; Spanish acusar; Portugese accusar; Italian accusare; Armoric accusi. The sense is, to attack, to drive against, to charge or to fall upon. See Cause.]

1. To charge with, or declare to have committed a crime, either by plaint, or complaint, information, indictment, or impeachment; to charge with an offense against the laws, judicially or by a public process; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.

2. To charge with a fault; to blame.

Their thoughts, in the meanwhile, accusing or excusing one another. Romans 2.

It is followed by of before the subject of accusation; the use of for after this verb is illegitimate.

Accused

ACCU'SED, participle passive Charged with a crime, by a legal process; charged with an offense; blamed.

Accuser

ACCU'SER, noun One who accuses or blames; an officer who prefers an accusation against another for some offense, in the name of the government, before a tribunal that has cognizance of the offense.

Accusing

ACCU'SING, participle of the present tense Charging with a crime; blaming.

Accustom

ACCUS'TOM, verb transitive [French accoutumer, from ad and coutume, coustume, custom. See Custom.]

To make familiar by use; to form a habit by practice; to habituate or inure; as to accustom one's self to a spare diet.

Accustom

ACCUS'TOM, verb intransitive To be wont, or habituated to do anything. [Little used.]

2. To cohabit. [Not used.]

Milton.

Accustom

ACCUS'TOM, noun Custom. [Not used.]

Milton.

Accustomable

ACCUS'TOMABLE, adjective Of long custom; habitual; customary. [Little used.]

Accustomably

ACCUS'TOMABLY, adverb According to custom or habit. [Little used.]

Accustomance

ACCUS'TOMANCE, noun Custom; habitual use or practice. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Accustomarily

ACCUS'TOMARILY, adverb According to custom or common practice. [See Customarily.] [Little used.]

Accustomary

ACCUS'TOMARY, adjective Usual; customary [See Customary.] [Little used.]

Accustomed

ACCUS'TOMED, participle passive Being familiar by use; habituated; inured.

2. adjective Usual; often practiced; as in their accustomed manner.

Accustoming

ACCUS'TOMING, participle of the present tense Making familiar by practice; inuring.

Ace

ACE, noun [Latin as, a unit or pound; French as; Italian asso; Dutch aas; German ass; Spanish as.]

A unit; a single point on a card or die; or the card or die so marked.

2. A very small quantity; a particle; an atom; a trifle; as a creditor will not abate an ace of his demand.

Aceldama

ACEL'DAMA, noun [Chaldee, a field, and, Chaldee Syriac and Samaritan, blood.]

A field said to have lain south of Jerusalem, the same as the potters field, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his master, and therefore called the field of blood. It was appropriated to the interment of strangers.

Acephalous

ACEPH'ALOUS, adjective [Greek priv. and, a head.]

Without a head, headless. In history, the term Acephali, or Acephalites was given to several sects who refused to follow some noted leader, and to such bishops as were exempt from the jurisdiction and discipline of their patriarch. It was also given to certain levelers who acknowledged no head in the reign of Henry 1st. It was also applied to the Blemmyes, a pretended nation of Africa, and to other tribes in the East, whom ancient naturalists represented as having no head; their eyes and mouth being placed in other parts. Modern discoveries have dissipated these fictions. In English Laws, men who held lands of no particular lord, and clergymen who were under no bishop. Latin Latin Hen. I. Cowel.

Acephalus

ACEPH'ALUS, noun An obsolete name of the taenia or tape worm, which was formerly supposed to have no head; an error now exploded. The term is also used to express a verse defective in the beginning.

Acerb

ACERB', adjective [Latin acerbus; German herbe, harsh, sour, tart, bitter, rough, whence herbst, autumn, herbstzeit, harvest time; Dutch herfst, harvest. See Harvest.]

Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste; sour, with astringency or roughness; a quality of unripe fruits.

Quincy.

Acerbity

ACERB'ITY, noun A sourness, with roughness, or astringency.

2. Figuratively, harshness or severity of temper in man.

Aceric

ACER'IC, adjective [Latin acer, a maple tree.]

Pertaining to the maple; obtained from the maple, as aceric acid.

Ure.

Acerous

AC'EROUS, adjective [Latin acerosus, chaffy, from acus, chaff or a point.] In botany, chaffy; resembling chaff.

2. An acerous or acerose leaf is one which is linear and permanent, in form of a needle, as in pine.

Martyn.

Acescency

ACES'CENCY, noun [Latin acescens, turning sour, from acesco. See Acid.] A turning sour by spontaneous decomposition; a state of becoming sour, tart, or acid; and hence a being moderately sour.

Acescent

ACES'CENT, adjective Turning sour; becoming tart or acid by spontaneous decomposition. Hence slightly sour; but the latter sense is usually expressed by acidulous or subacid.

Nicholson.

Aceste

ACES'TE, noun In entomology, a species of papilio or butterfly, with subdentated wings, found in India.

Cyc.

Acestis

ACES'TIS, noun [Greek] A factitious sort of chrysocolla, made of Cyprian verdigris, urine, and niter.

Cyc.

Acetabulum

ACETAB'ULUM, noun [Latin from acetum, vinegar. See Acid.] Among the Romans a vinegar cruse or like vessel, and a measure of about one eighth of a pint.

1. In anatomy, the cavity of a bone for receiving the protuberant end of another bone, and therefore forming the articulation called enarthrosis. It is used especially for the cavity of the os innominatum, which receives the head of the thigh bone.

2. In botany, the trivial name of a species of peziza, the cup peziza; so called from its resemblance to a cup.

3. A glandular substance found in the placenta of some animals.

4. It is sometimes used in the sense of Cotyledon.

5. A species of lichen.

Cyc.

Acetary

AC'ETARY, noun [See Acid.] An acid pulpy substance in certain fruits, as the pear, inclosed in a congeries of small calculous bodies, towards the base of the fruit.

Grew.

Acetate

AC'ETATE, noun [See Acid.] In chimistry, a neutral salt formed by the union of the acetic acid, or radical vinegar, with any salifiable base, as with earths, metals, and alkalies; as the acetate of alumine, of lime, or of copper.

Lavoisier.

Acetated

AC'ETATED, adjective [See Acid.] Combined with acetic acid, or radical vinegar.

Acetic

ACE'TIC, adjective [See Acid.] A term used to denote a particular acid, acetic acid, the concentrated acid of vinegar, or radical vinegar. It may be obtained by exposing common vinegar to frostÃ‚--the water freezing leaves the acetic acid, in a state of purity.

Acetification

ACETIFICA'TION, noun The act of making acetous or sour; or the operation of making vinegar.

Cyc.

Acetify

ACE'TIFY, verb transitive To convert into acid or vinegar.

Aikin.

Acetite

AC'ETITE, noun [See Acid.] A neutral salt formed by the acetous acid, with a salifiable base; as the acetite of copper, aluminous acetite.

Lavoisier.

Acetometer

ACETOM'ETER, noun [Latin acetum, vinegar, and, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the strength of vinegar.

Ure.

Acetous

ACE'TOUS, adjective [See Acid.] Sour; like or having the nature of vinegar. Acetous acid is the term used by chimists for distilled vinegar. This acid, in union with different bases, forms salts called acetites.

Acetum

ACE'TUM, noun [Latin See Acid.] Vinegar; a sour liquor, obtained from vegetables dissolved in boiling water, and from fermented and spirituous liquors, by exposing them to heat and air.

This is called the acid or acetous fermentation.

Ache

ACHE, v. i. ake. [Saxon ace, ece; Greek, to ache or be in pain; pain. The primary sense is to be pressed. Perhaps the oriental to press.]

1. To suffer pain; to have or be in pain, or in continued pain; as, the head aches.

2. To suffer grief, or extreme grief; to be distressed; as, the heart aches.

Ache

ACHE, n. ake. Pain, or continued pain, in opposition to sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. It denotes a more moderate degree of pain than pang, anguish, and torture.

Achean

ACHE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Achaia in Greece, and a celebrated league or confederacy established there. This State lay on the gulf of Corinth, within Peloponnesus.

Acherner

ACHERN'ER, noun A star of the first magnitude in the southern extremity of the constellation Eridanus.

Acherset

ACH'ERSET, noun An ancient measure of corn, supposed to be about eight bushels.

Encyc.

Achievable

ACHIE'VABLE, adjective [See Achieve.] That may be performed.

Barrow.

Achievance

ACHIE'VANCE, noun Performance.

Elyot.

Achieve

ACHIE'VE, verb transitive [French achever, to finish; Armoric acchui; old French chever, to come to the end, from French chef, the head or end; old cheve; Spanish and Portugese acabar, from cabo, end, cape. See Chief.]

1. To perform, or execute; to accomplish; to finish, or carry on to a final close. It is appropriately used for the effect of efforts made by the hand or bodily exertion, as deeds achieved by valor.

2. To gain or obtain, as the result of exertion.

Show all the spoils by valiant Kings achieved.

Prior.

Achieved

ACHIE'VED, participle passive Performed; obtained; accomplished.

Achievement

ACHIE'VEMENT, noun The performance of an action.

2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, or boldness.

3. An obtaining by exertion.

4. An escutcheon or ensigns armorial, granted for the performance of a great or honorable action.

Encyc.

Achiever

ACHIE'VER, noun One who accomplishes a purpose, or obtains an object by his exertions.

Achieving

ACHIE'VING, participle of the present tense Performing; executing; gaining.

Aching

A'CHING, participle of the present tense Being in pain; suffering distress.

Aching

A'CHING, noun Pain; continued pain or distress.

Achiote

A'CHIOTE, noun The anotta, a tree, and a drug used for dyeing red. The bark of the tree makes good cordage, and the wood is used to excite fire by friction. [See Anotta.]

Clavigero.

Achor

A'CHOR, noun [Greek, sordes capitis.]

1. The scald head, a disease forming scaly eruptions, supposed to be a critical evacuation of acrimonious humors; a species of herpes.

Hooper. Quincy.

2. In mythology, the God of flies, said to have been worshipped by the Cyreneans, to avoid being vexed by those insects.

Encyc.

Achromatic

ACHROMAT'IC, adjective [Greek priv. and, color.]

Destitute of color. Achromatic telescopes are formed of a combination of lenses, which separate the variously colored rays of light to equal angles of divergence, at different angles of refraction of the mean ray. In this case, the rays being made to refract towards contrary parts, the whole ray is caused to deviate from its course, without being separated into colors, and the optical aberration arising from the various colors of light, is prevented. This telescope is an invention of Dolland.

Nicholson.

Acicular

ACIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin acicula, Priscian, a needle, from Greek, Latin acies, a point. See Acid.]

In the shape of a needle; having sharp points like needles.

Kirwan. Martyn.

An acicular prism is when the crystals are slender and straight.

Phillips.

Acicularly

ACIC'ULARLY, adverb In the manner of needles, or prickles.

Acid

AC'ID, adjective [Latin acidus; Saxon oeced, vinegar; from the root of acies, edge; Greek; Welsh awÃƒ-§, an edge or point. See Edge.]

Sour, sharp or biting to the taste, having the taste of vinegar, as acid fruits or liquors.

Acid

AC'ID, noun In chimistry, acids are a class of of substances, so denominated from their taste, or the sensation of sourness which they produce on the tongue. But the name is now given to several substances, which have not this characteristic in an eminent degree. The properties, by which they are distinguished, are these:

1. When taken into the mouth, they occasion the taste of sourness. They are corrosive, unless diluted with water; and some of them are caustic.

2. They change certain vegetable blue colors to red, and restore blue colors which have been turned green, or red colors which have been turned blue by an alkali.

3. Most of them unite with water in all proportions, with a condensation of volume and evolution of heat; and many of them have so strong an attraction for water, as not to appear in the solid state.

4. They have a stronger affinity for alkalies, than these have for any other substance; and in combining with them, most of them produce effervescence.

5. They unite with earths, alkalies and metallic oxyds, forming interesting compounds, usually called salts.

6. With few exceptions, they are volatilized or decomposed by a moderate heat.

The old chimists divided acids into animal, vegetable, and mineralÃ‚--a division now deemed inaccurate. They are also divided into oxygen acids, hydrogen acids, and acids destitute of these acidifiers. Another division is into acids with simple radicals, acids with double radicals, acids with triple radicals, acids with unknown radicals, compound acids, dubious acids, and acids destitute of oxygen.

Lavoisier. Thomson. Nicholson. Aikin.

Acidiferous

ACIDIF'EROUS, adjective [Acid and Latin fero.] Containing acids, or an acid.

Acidiferous minerals are such as consist of an earth combined with an acid; as carbonate of lime, aluminite, &c.

Phillips.

Acidifiable

ACID'IFIABLE, adjective [From Acidify.]

Capable of being converted into an acid, by union with an acidifying principle, without decomposition.

Acidification

ACIDIFICA'TION, noun The act or process of acidifying or changing into an acid.

Acidified

ACID'IFIED, participle passive Made acid; converted into an acid.

Acidifier

ACID'IFIER, noun That which by combination forms an acid, as oxygen and hydrogen.

Acidify

ACID'IFY, verb transitive [Acid and Latin facio.]

To make acid; but appropriately to convert into an acid, chimically so called, by combination with any substance.

Acidifying

ACID'IFYING, participle of the present tense Making acid; converting into an acid; having power to change into an acid. Oxygen is called the acidifying principle or element.

Acidimeter

ACIDIM'ETER, noun [Acid and Greek, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids.

Ure.

Acidity

ACID'ITY, noun [French aciditÃƒ-©, from acid.]

The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste.

Acidness

AC'IDNESS, noun The quality of being sour; acidity.

Acidulate

ACID'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin acidulus, slightly sour; French aciduler, to make sour. See Acid.]

To tinge with an acid; to made acid in a moderate degre.

Arbuthnot.

Acidulated

ACID'ULATED, participle passive Tinged with an acid; made slightly sour.

Acidulating

ACID'ULATING, participle of the present tense Tinging with an acid.

Acidule

AC'IDULE, or ACID'ULUM, noun In chimistry, a compound salt, in which the alkaline base is supersaturated with acid; as, tartareous acidulum; oxalic acidulum.

Acidulous

ACID'ULOUS, adjective [Latin acidulus. See Acid.]

Slightly sour; sub-acid, or having an excess of acid; as, acidulous sulphate.

Acinaciform

ACINAC'IFORM, adjective [Latin acinaces, a cimeter, Greek, and Latin forma, form.]

In botany, formed like, or resembling a cimeter.

Martyn.

Aciniform

AC'INIFORM, adjective [Latin acinus, a grape stone, and forma, shape.]

Having the form of grapes; being in clusters like grapes. The uvea or posterior lamen of the iris in the eye, is called the aciniform tunic. Anatomists apply the term to many glands of a similar formation.

Quincy. Hooper.

Acinose

AC'INOSE, or AC'INOUS, adjective [From Latin acinus. See Aciniform.]

Consisting of minute granular concretions; used in mineralogy.

Kirwan.

Acinus

AC'INUS, noun [Latin] In botany, one of the small grains, which compose the fruit of the blackberry, &c.

Acipenser

AC'IPENSER, adjective In ichthyology, a genus of fishes, of the order of chondropterygii, having an obtuse head; the mouth under the head, retractile and without teeth. To this genus belong the sturgeon, sterlet, huso, &c.

Cyc.

Acitli

ACIT'LI, noun A name of the water hare, or great crested grebe or diver.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Acknowledge

ACKNOWL'EDGE, v. t. Aknol'edge, [ad and knowledge. See Know.]

1. To own, avow or admit to be true, by a declaration of assent; as to acknowledge the being of a God.

2. To own or notice with particular regard.

In all thy ways acknowledge God. Proverbs 3. Isaiah 33.

3. To own or confess, as implying a consciousness of guilt.

I acknowledge my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me. Psalm 51 and 32.

4. To own with assent; to admit or receive with approbation.

He that acknowledgeth the son, hath the the father also. 1 John 2:2 Timothy 2.

5. To own with gratitude; to own as a benefit; as, to acknowledge a favor, or the receipt of a gift.

They his gifts acknowledged not.

Milton.

6. To own or admit to belong to; as, to acknowledge a son.

7. To receive with respect.

All that see them shall acknowledge that they are the seed which the Lord hath blessed. Isaiah 6:1 Corinthians 16.

8. To own, avow or assent to an act in a legal form, to give it validity; as, to acknowledge a deed before competent authority.

Acknowledged

ACKNOWL'EDGED, participle passive Owned; confessed; noticed with regard or gratitude; received with approbation; owned before authority.

Acknowledging

ACKNOWL'EDGING, participle of the present tense Owning; confessing; approving; grateful; but the latter sense is a gallicism, not to be used.

Acknowledgment

ACKNOWL'EDGMENT, noun The act of owning; confession; as, the acknowledgment of a fault.

2. The owning, with approbation, or in the true character; as the acknowledgment of a God, or of a public minister.

3. Concession; admission of the truth; as, of a fact, position, or principle.

4. The owning of a benefit received, accompanied with gratitude; and hence it combines the ideas of an expression of thanks. Hence, it is used also for something given or done in return for a favor.

5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; as the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer.

Acknowledgment-money, in some parts of England, is a sum paid by tenants, on the death of their landlord, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.

Encyc.

Acme

AC'ME, n. Ac'my. [Greek.]

The top or highest point. It is used to denote the maturity or perfection of an animal. Among physicians, the crisis of a disease, or its utmost violence. Old medical writers divided the progress of a disease into four periods, the arche, or beginning, the anabasis, or increase, the acme, or utmost violence, and the paracme, or decline. But acme can hardly be considered as a legitimate English word.

Acne

AC'NE, n. Ac'ny. [Greek]

A small hard pimple or tubercle on the face.

Quincy.

Acnestis

ACNES'TIS, noun [Greek priv. and, to rub or gnaw.]

That part of the spine in quadrupeds which extends from the metaphrenon, between the shoulder blades, to the loins; which the animal cannot reach to scratch.

Coxe. Quincy.

Aco

AC'O, noun A Mediterranean fish, called also sarachus.

Acolin

AC'OLIN, noun A bird of the partridge kind in Cuba. Its breast and belly are white; its back and tail of a dusky yellow brown.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Acolothist

ACOL'OTHIST, or AC'OLYTE, noun [Greek.]

In the ancient church, one of the subordinate officers, who lighted the lamps, prepared the elements of the sacraments, attended the bishops, &c. An officer of the like character is still employed in the Romish Church.

Encyc.

Aconite

AC'ONITE, noun [Latin aconitum; Greek.]

The herb wolf's bane, or monks-hood, a poisonous plant; and in poetry, used for poison in general.

Acontias

ACON'TIAS, n. [Greek; a dart, from.]

1. A species of serpent, called dart-snake, or jaculum, from its manner of darting on its prey. This serpent is about three feet in length; of a light gray color with black spots, resembling eyes; the belly perfectly white. It is a native of Africa and the Mediterranean isles; is the swiftest of its kind, and coils itself upon a tree, from which it darts upon its prey.

2. A comet or meteor resembling the serpent.

Acop

ACOP', adverb [a and cope.]

At the top.

Obs. Jonson.

Acorn

A'CORN, noun [Saxon oecern, from ace or ac, oak, and corn, a grain.]

1. The seed or fruit of the oak; an oval nut which grows in a rough permanent cup.

The first settlers of Boston were reduced to the necessity of feeding on clams, muscles, ground nuts, and acorns.

B. Trumbull.

2. In marine language, a small ornamental piece of wood, of a conical shape, fixed on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast head, to keep the vane from being blown off.

Mar. Dict.

3. In natural history, the Lepas, a genus of shells of several species found on the British coast. The shell is multivalvular, unequal, and fixed by a stem; the valves are parallel and perpendicular, but they do not open, so that the animal performs its functions by an aperture on the top. These shells are always fixed to some solid body.

Acorned

A'CORNED, adjective Furnished or loaded with acorns.

Acorus

A'CORUS, noun [Latin from Greek.]

1. Aromatic Calamus, sweet flag, or sweet rush.

2. In natural history, blue coral, which grows in the form of a tree, on a rocky bottom, in some parts of the African seas. It is brought from the Camarones and Benin.

Encyc.

3. In medicine, this name is sometimes given to the great galangal.

Encyc.

Acotyledon

ACOTYL'EDON, noun [Greek priv. and from, a hollow.]

In botany, a plant whose seeds have no side lobes, or cotyledons.

Martyn.

Acotyledonous

ACOTYLED'ONOUS, adjective Having no side lobes.

Acoustic

ACOUS'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to hear.]

Pertaining to the ears, to the sense of hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds.

Acoustic duct, in anatomy, the meatus auditorius, or external passage of the ear.

Acoustic vessels, in ancient theaters, were brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell, used to propel the voice of the actors, so as to render them audible to a great distance; in some theaters at the distance of 400 feet.

Encyc.

Acoustic instrument, or auricular tube, called in popular language, a speaking trumpet.

Encyc.

Acoustics, or acousmatics, was a name given to such of the disciples of Pythagoras, as had not completed their five years probation.

Acoustics

ACOUS'TICS, noun The science of sounds, teaching their cause, nature, and phenomena. This science is, by some writers, divided into diacoustics, which explains the properties of sounds coming directly from the sonorous body to the ear; and catacoustics, which treats of reflected sounds. But the distinction is considered of little real utility.

2. In medicine, this term is sometimes used for remedies for deafness, or imperfect hearing.

Quincy.

Acquaint

ACQUA'INT, verb transitive [Old French accointer, to make known; whence accointance, acquaintance. Qu. Persian kunda, knowing, intelligent; German kunde, knowledge; kund, known, public; Dutch kond or kunde, knowledge; Swedish kund, known; Danish kiender, to know, to be acquainted with. These words seem to have for their primitive root the Gothic and Saxon kunnan, to know, the root of cunning; German kennen; Dutch kunnen, Kan; can, and ken; which see.]

1. To make known; to make fully or intimately known; to make familiar.

A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief. Isaiah 53.

2. To inform; to communicate notice to; as, a friend in the country acquaints me with his success. Of before the object, as to acquaint a man of this design, has been used, but is obsolete or improper.

3. To acquaint one's self, is to gain an intimate or particular knowledge of.

Acquaint now thyself with him and be at peace. Job 22.

Acquaintance

ACQUAI'NTANCE, noun Familiar knowledge; a state of being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than slight or superficial knowledge; as, I know the man, but have no acquaintance with him. Sometimes it denotes a more slight knowledge.

2. A person or persons well known; usually persons we have been accustomed to see and converse with; sometimes, persons more slightly known.

Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness. Psalm 88.

My acquaintance are estranged from me. Job 19.

Acquaintances, in the plural, is used, as applied to individual persons known; but more generally, acquaintance is used for one or more.

Acquaintant, in a like sense, is not used.

Acquainted

ACQUA'INTED, participle passive Known; familiarly known; informed; having personal knowledge.

Acquainting

ACQUA'INTING, participle of the present tense Making known to; giving notice, or information to.

Acquest

ACQUEST', noun [Latin acquisitus, acquiro.]

1. Acquisition; the thing gained.

Bacon.

2. Conquest; a place acquired by force.

Acquiesce

ACQUIESCE, v. i. acquiess'. [Latin acquiesco, of ad and quiesco, to be quiet; quies, rest; French acquiescer.]

1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent; usually implying previous opposition, uneasiness, or dislike, but ultimate compliance, or submission; as, to acquiesce in the dispensations of providence.

2. To assent to, upon conviction; as, to acquiesce in an opinion; that is, to rest satisfied of its correctness, or propriety.

Acquiesced in, in a passive sense, complied with; submitted to, without opposition; as, a measure has been acquiesced in.

Acquiescence

ACQUIES'CENCE, noun A quiet assent; a silent submission, or submission with apparent content; distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; as, an acquiescence in the decisions of a court, or in the allotments of providence.

Acquiescent

ACQUIES'CENT, adjective Resting satisfied; easy; submitting; disposed to submit.

Johnson.

Acquiescing

ACQUIES'CING, participle of the present tense Quietly submitting; resting content.

Acquirable

ACQUI'RABLE, adjective That may be acquired.

Acquire

ACQUI'RE, verb transitive [Latin acquiro, ad and quoero, to seek, that is to follow, to press, to urge; acquiro signifies to pursue to the end or object; French acquerir; Spanish adquirir; Arabic, Hebrew to seek, to make towards, to follow. The Latin quoesivi, unless contracted, is probably from a different root. See class Greek and Gs.]

To gain, by any means, something which is in a degree permanent, or which becomes vested or inherent in the possessor; as, to acquire a title, estate, learning, habits, skill, dominion, &c. Plants acquire a green color from the solar rays. A mere temporary possession is not expressed by acquire, but by gain, obtain, procure; as, to obtain [not acquire] a book on loan.

Descent is the title whereby a man, on the the death of his ancestor, acquires his estate, by right of representation, as his heir at law.

Blackstone.

Acquired

ACQUI'RED, participle passive Gained, obtained, or received from art, labor, or other means, in distinction from those things which are bestowed by nature. Thus we say, abilities, natural and acquired. It implies title, or some permanence of possession.

Acquirement

ACQUI'REMENT, noun The act of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment. It is used in opposition to natural gifts; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting, are acquirements; genius, the gift of nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in opposition to material or external things gained, which are more usually called acquisitions; but this distinction is not always observed.

Acquirer

ACQUI'RER, noun A person who acquires.

Acquiring

ACQUI'RING, participle of the present tense Gaining by labor or other means, something that has a degree of permanence in the possessor.

Acquiry

ACQUI'RY, noun Acquirement. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Acquisite

AC'QUISITE, a. s as z. Gained. [Not used.]

Burton.

Acquisition

ACQUISI'TION, noun [Latin acquisitio, from acquisitus, acquoesivi, which are given as the part. and pret. of acquiro; but quoesivi is probably from a different root; Welsh ceisiaw; Ethiopic chasas, chas; Arabic kassa, to seek. Class Gs.]

1. The act of acquiring; as, a man takes pleasure in the acquisition of property, as well as in the possession.

2. The thing acquired, or gained; as, learning is an acquisition. It is used for intellectual attainments, as well as for external things, property, or dominion; and in a good sense, denoting something estimable.

Acquisitive

ACQUIS'ITIVE, adjective That is acquired; acquired; [but improper.]

Walton.

Acquisitively

ACQUIS'ITIVELY, adverb Noting acquirement, with to or for following.

Lilly's Grammar.

Acquist

ACQUIST', noun See Acquest. [Not used.]

Milton.

Acquit

ACQUIT', verb transitive [French acquitter; Welsh gadu, gadaw; Latin cedo; Armoric kitat, or quytaat, to leave, or forsake; French quitter, to forsake; Spanish quitar; Portugese quitar; Italian quitare, to remit, forgive, remove; Dutch kwyten; German quittiren.]

To set free; to release or discharge from an obligation, accusation, guilt, censure, suspicion, or whatever lies upon a person as a charge or duty; as, the jury acquitted the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil intentions. It is followed by of before the object; to acquit from is obsolete. In a reciprocal sense, as, the soldier acquitted himself well in battle, the word has a like sense, implying the discharge of a duty or obligation. Hence its use in expressing excellence in performance; as the orator acquitted himself well, that is, in a manner that his situation and public expectation demanded.

Acquitment

ACQUIT'MENT, noun The act of acquitting, or state of being acquitted.

South.

[This word is superseded by acquittal.]

Acquittal

ACQUIT'TAL, noun A judicial setting free, or deliverance from the charge of an offense; as, by verdict of a jury, or sentence of a court.

The acquittal of a principal operates as an acquittal of the accessories.

Acquittance

ACQUIT'TANCE, noun A discharge or release from a debt.

2. The writing, which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt in full, which bars a further demand.

Acquitted

ACQUIT'TED, participle passive Set free, or judicially discharged from an accusation; released from a debt, duty, obligation, charge, or suspicion of guilt.

Acquitting

ACQUIT'TING, participle of the present tense Setting free from accusation; releasing from a charge, obligation, or suspicion of guilt.

Acrase

ACRA'SE, or ACRA'ZE, verb transitive To make crazy; to infatuate. [Not in use.] [See Crazy.]

2. To impair; to destroy. [Not in use.]

Acrasy

AC'RASY, noun [Greek, from priv. and, constitution or temperament.]

In medical authors, an excess or predominancy of one quality above another, in mixture, or in the human constitution.

Bailey.

Acre

ACRE, n. a'ker. [Saxon acer, acera, or oecer; German acker; Dutch akker; Swedish acker; Danish ager; Welsh eg; Irish acra; Greek; Latin ager. In these languages, the word retains its primitive sense, an open, plowed, or sowed field. In it retained its original signification, that of any open field, until it was limited to a definite quantity by statutes 31. Ed. 35. Ed. 1. 24. H. 8. Cowel.]

1. A quantity of land, containing 160 square rods or perches, or 4840 square yards. This is the English statute acre. The acre of Scotland contains 6150 2-5 square yards. The French arpent is nearly equal to the Scottish acre, about a fifth larger than the English. The Roman juger was 3200 square yards.

2. In the Mogul's dominions, acre is the same as lack, or 100,000 rupees, equal to12,500 sterling, or55,500.

Acre-fight, a sort of duel in the open field, formerly fought by English and Scotch combatants on their frontiers.

Acre-tax, a tax on land in England, at a certain sum for each acre, called also acre-shot.

Acred

A'CRED, adjective Possessing acres or landed property.

Pope.

Acrid

AC'RID, adjective [French acre; Latin acer.]

Sharp; pungent; bitter; sharp or biting to the taste; acrimonious; as acrid salts.

Acridness

AC'RIDNESS, noun A sharp, bitter, pungent quality.

Acrimonious

ACRIMO'NIOUS, adjective Sharp; bitter; corrosive; abounding with acrimony.

2. Figuratively, severe; sarcastic; applied to language or temper.

Acrimoniously

ACRIMO'NIOUSLY, adverb With sharpness or bitterness.

Acrimony

AC'RIMONY, noun [Latin acrimonia, from acer, sharp. The latter part of the word seems to denote likeness, state, condition, like head, hood, in knighthood; in which case it may be from the same root as maneo, Greek.]

1. Sharpness; a quality of bodies, which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others; as, the acrimony of the humors.

Bacon.

2. Figuratively, sharpness or severity of temper; bitterness of expression proceeding from anger, ill-nature, or petulance.

South.

Acrisy

AC'RISY, noun [Greek priv. and, judgment.]

A state or condition of which no right judgment can be formed; that of which no choice is made; matter in dispute; injudiciousness. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Acritude

AC'RITUDE, noun [See Acrid.]

An acrid quality; bitterness to the taste; biting heat.

Acroamatic

ACROAMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, from, to hear.]

Abstruse; pertaining to deep learning; an epithet applied to the secret doctrines of Aristotle.

Enfield.

Acroatic

ACROAT'IC, adjective [Greek.]

Abstruse; pertaining to deep learning; and opposed to exoteric. Aristotle's lectures were of two kinds, acroatic, acroamatic, or esoteric, which were delivered to a class of select disciples, who had been previously instructed in the elements of learning; and exoteric, which were delivered in public. The former respected being, God, and nature; the principal subjects of the latter were logic, rhetoric, and policy. The abstruse lectures were called acroatics.

Enfield.

Acroceraunian

ACROCERAU'NIAN, adjective [Greek, a summit, and, thunder.]

An epithet applied to certain mountains, between Epirus and Illyricum, in the 41st degree of latitude. They project into the Adriatic, and are so termed from being often struck with lightning.

Encyc.

Acromion

ACRO'MION, noun [Greek, highest, and, shoulder.]

In anatomy, that part of the spine of the scapula, which receives the extreme part of the clavicle.

Quincy.

Acronic

ACRON'IC, or ACRON'ICAL, adjective [Greek, extreme, and, night.]

In astronomy, a term applied to the rising of a star at sun set, or its setting at sun rise. This rising or setting is called acronical. The word is opposed to cosmical.

Bailey. Encyc. Johnson.

Acronically

ACRON'ICALLY, adverb In an acronical manner; at the rising or setting of the sun.

Acrospire

AC'ROSPIRE, noun [Greek, highest, and, a spire, or spiral line.]

A shoot, or sprout of a seed; the plume, or plumule, so called from its spiral form.

Mortimer.

Acrospired

AC'ROSPIRED, adjective Having a sprout, or having sprouted at both ends.

Mortimer.

Across

ACROSS', prep. akraus'. [a and cross. See Cross.]

1. From side to side, opposed to along, which is in the direction of the length; athwart; quite over; as, a bridge is laid across a river.

2. Intersecting; passing over at any angle; as a line passing across another.

Acrostic

ACROS'TIC, noun [Greek, extremity or beginning, and, order, or verse.]

A composition in verse, in which the first letters of the lines, taken in order, form the name of a person, kingdom, city, &c., which is the subject of the composition, or some title or motto.

Acrostic

ACROS'TIC, adjective That relates to, or contains an acrostic.

Acrostically

ACROS'TICALLY, adverb In the manner of an acrostic.

Acroteleutic

ACROTELEU'TIC, noun [Greek, extreme, and, end.]

Among ecclesiastical writers, an appellation given to any thing added to the end of a psalm, or hymn; as a doxology.

Acroter

AC'ROTER, noun [Greek, a summit.]

In architecture, a small pedestal, usually without a base, anciently placed at the two extremes, or in the middle of pediments or frontispieces, serving to support the statues, &c. It also signifies the figures placed as ornaments on the tops of churches, and the sharp pinnacles that stand in ranges about flat buildings with rails and balusters. Anciently the word signified the extremities of the body, as the head, hands, and feet.

Encyc.

Acrothymion

ACROTHYM'ION, noun [Greek, extreme, and, thyme.]

Among physicians, a species of wart, with a narrow basis and broad top, having the color of thyme. It is called Thymus.

Celsus.

Act

ACT, verb intransitive [Greek, Latin ago, to urge, drive, lead, bring, do, perform, or in general, to move, to exert force; Cantabrian, eg, force; Welsh egni; Irish eigean, force; Irish aige, to act or carry on; eachdam, to do or act; actaim, to ordain; eacht, acht, deed, act, condition; F. agir; Italian agire, to do or act.]

1. To exert power; as, the stomach acts upon food; the will acts upon the body in producing motion.

2. To be in action or motion; to move.

He hangs between in doubt to act or rest.

Pope.

3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; as, we know not why a minister has acted in this manner. But in this sense, it is most frequent in popular language; as, how the man acts or has acted.

To act up to, is to equal in action; to fulfil, or perform a correspondent action; as, he has acted up to his engagement or his advantages.

Act

ACT, verb transitive To perform; to represent a character on the stage.

Act well your part, there all the honor lies.

Pope.

2. To feign or counterfeit. Obs. or improper. With acted fear the villain thus pursued.

Dryden.

3. To put in motion; to actuate; to regulate movements.

Most people in the world are acted by levity.

South. Locke.

[In this latter sense, obsolete and superseded by actuate, which see.]

Act

ACT, noun The exertion of power; the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; as, the act of giving or receiving. In this sense, it denotes an operation of the mind. Thus, to discern is an act of the understanding; to judge is an act of the will.

2. That which is done; a deed, exploit, or achievement, whether good or ill.

And his miracles and his acts which he did in the midst of Egypt. Deuteronomy 11.

3. Action; performance; production of effects; as, an act of charity. But this sense is closely allied to the foregoing.

4. A state of reality or real existence, as opposed to a possibility.

The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in possibility, what they afterwards grow to be.

Hooker.

5. In general, act denotes action completed; but preceded by in, it denotes incomplete action.

She was taken in the very act. John 8.

In act is used also to signify incipient action, or a state of preparation to exert power; as, "In act to strike," a poetical use.

6. A part or division of a play, to be performed without interruption; after which the action is suspended to give respite to the performers. Acts are divided into smaller portions, called scenes.

7. The result of public deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative body, council, court of justice, or magistrate; a decree, edict, law, judgment, resolve, award, determination; as an act of parliament, or of congress. The term is also transferred to the book, record, or writing, containing the laws and determinations. Also, any instrument in writing to verify facts.

In the sense of agency, or power to produce effects, as in the passage cited by Johnson, from Shakespeare, the use is improper.

To try the vigor of them and apply Allayments to their act.

Act, in English Universities, is a thesis maintained in public, by a candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student. At Oxford, the time when masters and doctors complete their degrees is also called the act, which is held with great solemnity. At Cambridge, as in the United States, it is called commencement.

Encyc.

Act of faith, auto da fe, in Catholic countries, is a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the punishment of heretics, and the absolution of accused persons found innocent; or it is the sentence of the Inquisition.

Acts of the Apostles, the title of a book in the New Testament, containing a history of the transactions of the Apostles.

Acta Diurna, among the Romans, a sort of

Gazette, containing an authorized account of transactions in Rome, nearly similar to our newspapers.

Acta populi, or acta publica, the Roman registers of assemblies, trials, executions, buildings, births, marriages, and deaths of illustrious persons, &c.

Acta Senatus, minutes of what passed in the Roman senate, called also commentarii, commentaries.

Acted

ACT'ED, participle passive Done; performed; represented on the stage.

Actian

AC'TIAN, adjective Relating to Actium, a town and promontory of Epirus, as Actian games, which were instituted by Augustus, to celebrate his naval victory over Anthony, near that town, Sep. 2, B. C. 31. They were celebrated every five years. Hence, Actian years, reckoned from that era.

Encyc.

Acting

ACT'ING, participle of the present tense Doing; performing; behaving; representing the character of another.

Acting

ACT'ING, noun Action; act of performing a part of a play.

Shak. Churchill.

Actinolite

AC'TINOLITE, noun [Greek, a ray, and, a stone.]

A mineral, called, by Werner, strahlstein, ray-stone, nearly allied to hornblend. It occurs in prismatic crystals, which are long, and incomplete, and sometimes extremely minute and even fibrous. Its prevailing color is green of different shades, or shaded with yellow or brown. There are several varieties, as the common, the massive, the acicular, the glassy, and the fibrous.

Werner. Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Actinolite is crystalized, asbestiform, and glassy.

Phillips.

Actinolitic

ACTINOLIT'IC, adjective Like or pertaining to actinolite.

Action

AC'TION, noun [Latin actio. See Act.]

1. Literally, a driving; hence, the state of acting or moving; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; or action is the effect of power exerted on one body by another; motion produced. Hence, action is opposed to rest. Action, when produced by one body on another, is mechanical; when produced by the will of a living being, spontaneous or voluntary. [See Def. 3.]

2. An act or thing done; a deed.

The Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him are actions weighed. 1. Samaritan ii.

3. In mechanics, agency; operation; driving impulse; effort of one body upon another; as, the action of wind upon a ship's sails. Also the effect of such action.

4. In ethics, the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a moral agent; conduct; behavior; demeanor; that is, motion or movement, with respect to a rule or propriety.

5. In poetry, a series of events, called also the subject or fable; this is of two kinds; the principal action which is more strictly the fable, and the incidental action or episode.

Encyc.

6. In oratory, gesture or gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the accommodation of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance to the subject, or to the thoughts and feelings of the mind.

Encyc.

7. In physiology, the motions or functions of the body, vital, animal, and natural; vital and involuntary, as the action of the heart and lungs; animal, as muscular, and all voluntary motions; natural, as manducation, deglutition, and digestion.

Encyc.

8. In law, literally, an urging for right; a suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right; a claim made before a tribunal. Actions are real, personal or mixed; real, or feudal, when the demandant claims a title to real estate; personal, when a man demands a debt, personal duty, or damages in lieu of it, or satisfaction for an injury to person or property; and mixed, when real estate is demanded, with damages for a wrong sustained. Actions are also civil or panel; civil, when instituted solely in behalf of private persons, to recover debts or damages; penal, when instituted to recover a penalty, imposed by way of punishment. The word is also used for a right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim.

Blackstone.

A chose in action, is a right to a thing, in opposition to the possession. A bond or note is a chose in action [French chose, a thing,] and gives the owner a right to prosecute his claim to the money, as he has an absolute property in a right, as well as in a thing, in possession.

9. In some countries of Europe, action is a share in the capital stock of a company, or in the public funds, equivalent to our term share; and consequently, in a more general sense, to stocks. The word is also used for movable effects.

10. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or position of the several parts of the body, by which they seem to be actuated by passions; as, the arm extended, to represent the act of giving or receiving.

11. Battle; fight; engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water, or by a greater or smaller number of combatants. This and the 8th definition exhibit the literal meaning of actionÃ‚--a driving or urging.

Quantity of action, in physics, the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through and its velocity.

Encyc.

In many cases action and act are synonymous: but some distinction between them is observable. Action seems to have more relation to the power that acts, and its operation and process of acting; and act, more relation to the effect or operation complete. Action is also more generally used for ordinary transactions; and act, for such as are remarkable, or dignified; as, all our actions should be regulated by prudence; a prince is distinguished by acts of heroism or humanity.

Encyc.

Action taking, in Shakespeare, is used for litigious.

Actionable

AC'TIONABLE, adjective That will bear a suit, or for which an action at law may be sustained; as, to call a man a thief is actionable.

Actionably

AC'TIONABLY, adverb In a manner that subjects to legal process.

Actionary

AC'TIONARY or AC'TIONIST, noun In Europe, a proprietor of stock in a trading company; one who owns actions or shares of stock.

Active

ACT'IVE, adjective [Latin activus; French actif.]

That has the power or quality of acting; that contains the principle of action, independent of any visible external force; as, attraction is an active power: or it may be defined, that communicates action or motion, opposed to passive, that receives action; as, the active powers of the mind.

2. Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move with speed; nimble; lively; brisk; agile; as an active animal. Hence,

3. Busy; constantly engaged in action; pursuing business with vigor and assiduity; opposed to dull, slow, or indolent; as an active officer. It is also opposed to sedentary, as an active life.

4. Requiring action or exertion; practical; operative; producing real effects; opposed to speculative; as, the active duties of life.

5. In grammar, active verbs are those which not only signify action, but have a noun or name following them, denoting the object of the action or impression; called also transitive, as they imply the passing of the action expressed by the verb to the object; as, a professor instructs his pupils.

6. Active capital, or wealth, is money, or property that may readily be converted into money, and used in commerce or other employment for profit.

Hamilton.

7. Active commerce, the commerce in which a nation carries its own productions and foreign commodities in its own ships, or which is prosecuted by its own citizens; as contradistinguished from passive commerce, in which the productions of one country are transported by the people of another country.

The commerce of Great Britain and of the United States is active; that of China is passive.

It may be the interest of foreign nations to deprive us, as far as possible, of an active commerce in our own bottoms.

Federalist, Hamilton.

Actively

ACT'IVELY, adverb In an active manner; by action; nimbly; briskly; also in an active signification, as a word is used actively.

Activeness

ACT'IVENESS, noun The quality of being active; the faculty of acting; nimbleness; quickness of motion; less used than activity.

Activity

ACTIVITY, noun The quality of being active; the active faculty; nimbleness; agility; also the habit of diligent and vigorous pursuit of business; as, a man of activity. It is applied to persons or things.

Sphere of activity, is the whole space in which the virtue, power, or influence of any object, is exerted.

To put in activity, a French phrase, for putting in action or employment.

Actor

ACT'OR, noun He that acts or performs; an active agent.

2. He that represents a character or acts a part in a play; a stage player.

3. Among civilians, an advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes.

Actress

ACT'RESS, noun A female who acts or performs, and especially, on the stage, or in a play.

Actual

ACT'UAL, adjective [French actuel. See Act.]

Real or effective, or that exists truly and absolutely; as, actual heat, opposed to that, which is virtual or potential; actual cautery, or the burning by a red-hot iron, opposed to a cautery or caustic application, that may produce the same effect upon the body by a different process.

2. Existing in act; real; in opposition to speculative, or existing in theory only; as an actual crime.

3. In theology, actual sin is that which is committed by a person himself, opposed to original sin, or the corruption of nature supposed to be communicated from Adam.

4. That includes action.

Besides her walking and other actual performances. [Hardly legitimate.]

Shak.

Actuality

ACTUAL'ITY, noun Reality.

Haweis.

Actually

ACT'UALLY, adverb In fact; really; in truth.

Actuary

ACT'UARY, noun [Latin actuarius.]

A register or clerk; a term of the civil law, and used originally in courts of the civil law, and used originally in courts of civil law jurisdiction; but in Europe used for a clerk or register generally.

Actuate

ACT'UATE, adjective Put in action. [Little used.]

Actuate

ACT'UATE, v.t. [from act.]

To put into action; to move or incite to action; as, men are actuated by motives, or passions. It seems to have been used formerly in the sense of invigorate, noting increase of action; but the use is not legitimate.

Actuated

ACT'UATED, participle passive Put in action; incited to action.

Actuating

ACT'UATING, participle of the present tense Putting in action; inciting to action.

Actuation

ACTUA'TION, noun The state of being put in action; effectual operation.

Glanville.

Actus

ACT'US, noun Among the Romans, a measure in building equal to 120 Roman feet. In agriculture, the length of one furrow.

Acuate

AC'UATE, v.t. [Latin acuo, to sharpen. See Acid.]

To sharpen; to make pungent, or corrosive. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Acubene

ACUBE'NE, noun A star of the fourth magnitude in the southern claw of Cancer.

Acuition

ACUI'TION, noun [from Latin acuo, to sharpen.] The sharpening of medicines to increase their effect.

Aculeate

ACU'LEATE, adjective [Latin aculeus, from acus, Greek, a point, and the diminutive ul. See Acid.]

In botany, having prickles, or sharp points; pointed; used chiefly to denote prickles fixed in the bark, in distinction from thorns, which grow from the wood.

Milne.

2. In zoology, having a sting.

Aculei

ACU'LEI, noun [Latin] In botany and zoology, prickles or spines.

Aculon

AC'ULON, or AC'ULOS, noun [Greek, probably from ac, an oak.]

The fruit or acorn of the ilex, or scarlet oak.

Acumen

ACU'MEN, noun [Latin acumen, from acus or acuo.]

A sharp point; and figuratively, quickness of perception, the faculty of nice discrimination.

Acuminate

ACU'MINATE, adjective [Latin acuminatus, from acumen.]

Ending in a sharp point; pointed.

Acuminated

ACU'MINATED, adjective Sharpened to a point.

Acumination

ACUMINA'TION, noun A sharpening; termination in a sharp point.

Acupuncture

ACUPUNC'TURE, noun [Latin acus, needle, and punctura, or punctus, a pricking.]

Among the Chinese, a surgical operation, performed by pricking the part affected with a needle, as in head-aches and lethargies.

Encyc.

Acuru

AC'URU, noun The name in India of a fragrant aloe-wood.

As. Researches.

Acus

A'CUS, noun [Latin] The needle-fish, or gar-fish.

2. The ammodyte or sand eel.

Cyc.

3. The oblong cimex.

Cyc.

Acute

ACU'TE, adjective [Latin acutus, sharp-pointed; Qu. from acuo, acus, or from the Oriental had or chad, sharp, Hebrew Chaldee Arabic]

Sharp at the end; ending in a sharp point; opposed to blunt or obtuse. An acute angle in geometry, is one which is less than a right angle, or which subtends less than ninety degrees. An acute angled triangle is one whose three angles are all acute, or less than ninety degrees each.

2. Figuratively, applied to mental powers; penetrating; having nice discernment; perceiving or using minute distinctions; opposed to dull or stupid; as an acute reasoner.

3. Applied to the senses; having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible of slight impressions; having power to feel or perceive small objects; as, a man of acute eye-sight, hearing, or feeling.

4. An acute disease, is one which is attended with violent symptoms, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a pleurisy; opposed to chronic.

5. An acute accent, is that which elevates or sharpens the voice.

6. In music, acute is applied to a tone which is sharp, or high; opposed to grave.

7. In botany, ending in an acute angle, as a leaf or perianth.

Martyn.

Acutely

ACU'TELY, adverb Sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.

Acuteness

ACU'TENESS, noun Sharpness; but seldom used in this literal sense, as applied to material things.

2. Figuratively, the faculty of nice discernment or perception; applied to the senses, or the understanding. By an acuteness of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions; by an acuteness of intellect, we discern nice distinctions.

3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound, in rhetoric or music.

Boyle.

4. Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis.

Acutiator

ACUTIA'TOR, noun In the middle ages, a person whose office was to sharpen instruments. Before the invention of fire-arms, such officers attended armies, to sharpen their instruments.

Encyc.

Ad

AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. It is probably from Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic

, Arabic, to come near, to approach; from which root we may also deduce at. In composition, the last letter is usually changed into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed. Thus for adclamo, the Romans wrote acclamo; for adgredior, aggredior; for adfirmo, affirmo; for adlego, allego; for adpono, appono; for adripio, arripio; for adscribo, ascribo; for adtineo, attineo. The reason of this change is found in the ease of pronunciation, and agreeableness of the sounds.

Ad hominem, to the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the prejudices of the person addressed.

Ad inquirendum, in law, a judicial writ commanding inquiry to be made.

Ad libitum, [Latin] at pleasure.

Ad valorem, according to the value, in commerce and finance, terms used to denote duties or charges laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent. upon their value, as stated in their invoices; in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number.

Adage

AD'AGE, noun [Latin adagium, or adagio; Italian adagio.]

A proverb; an old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a wise observation handed down from antiquity.

Adagio

ADA'GIO, noun [Italian adagio, a compound of ad and agio, leisure; Spanish and Portugese ocio; Latin otium; French aise; ease.]

In music, a slow movement. As an adverb, slowly, leisurely, and with grace. When repeated, adagio, adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.

Adam

AD'AM, noun In Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic Arabic, Man; primarily, the name of the human species, mankind; appropriately, the first Man, the progenitor of the human race. The word signifies form, shape, or suitable form; hence, species. As a verb, the word signifies, in Ethiopic, to please or be agreeable; in Arabic, to join, unite, or be accordant, to agree. It is evidently connected with damah, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac, to be like or equal, to form an image, to assimilate. Whence the sense of likeness, image, form, shape; Greek, a body, like. [See Man.]

Adam's apple, a species of citron, [see Citron;] also the prominent part of the throat.

Ad'am's needle, the popular name of the yucca, a plant of four species, cultivated in gardens. Of the roots, the Indians make a kind of bread. [See Yucca.]

Adamant

AD'AMANT, noun [Greek; Latin adamas; a word of Celtic origin; Welsh ehedvaen, a load stone, from ehed, to fly or move, and vaen, or maen, a stone. Chaucer uses adamant for the load stone. Romaunt of the Rose, Latin 1182. German diamant, is adamant and diamond; Spanish diamante; Swedish damant; French aimant, loadstone. See Diamond.]

A very hard or impenetrable stone; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness. The name has often been given to the load stone; but in modern mineralogy, it has no technical signification.

Adamantean

ADAMANTE'AN, adjective Hard as adamant.

Milton.

Adamantine

ADAMANT'INE, adjective Made of adamant; having the qualities of adamant; that cannot be broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as adamantine bonds, or chains.

Adamantine Spar, a genus of earths, of three varieties. The color of the first is gray, with shades of brown or green; the form when regular, a hexangular prism, two sides large and four small, without a pyramid; its surface striated, and with a thin covering of white mica, interspersed with particles of red felspar; its fracture, foliaceous and sparry. The second variety is whiter, and the texture more foliaceous. The third variety is of a reddish brown color. This stone is very hard, and of difficult fusion.

Encyc.

A variety of corundum.

Cleaveland.

Adamic

AD'AMIC, adjective Pertaining to Adam. Adamic earth, is the term given to common red clay, so called by means of a mistaken opinion that Adam means red earth.

Adamites

AD'AMITES, in Church history, a sect of visionaries, who pretended to establish a state of innocence, and like Adam, went naked. They abhorred marriage, holding it to be the effect of sin. Several attempts have been made to revive this sect; one as late as the 15th century.

Encyc.

Adamitic

ADAMIT'IC, adjective Like the Adamites.

Taylor.

Adansonia

ADANSO'NIA, noun Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread, or African calabash-tree. It is a tree of one species, called baobab, a native of Africa, and the largest of the vegetable kingdom. The stem rises not above twelve or fifteen feet, but is from sixty-five to seventy-eight feet in circumference. The branches shoot horizontally to the length of sixty feet, the ends bending to the ground. The fruit is oblong, pointed at both ends, ten inches in length, and covered with a greenish down, under which is a hard ligneous rind. It hangs to the tree by a pedicle two feet long, and contains a white spungy substance. The leaves and bark, dried and powdered, are used by the negroes, as pepper, on their food, to promote perspiration. The tree is named from M. Adanson, who has given a description of it.

Adapt

ADAPT', verb transitive [Spanish adaptar; Italian adattare; Latin ad. and apto, to fit; Greek.]

To make suitable; to fit or suit; as, to adapt an instrument to its uses; we have provision adapted to our wants. It is applied to things material or immaterial.

Adaptable

ADAPT'ABLE, adjective That may be adapted.

Adaptation

ADAPTA'TION, noun The act of making suitable, or the state of being suitable, or fit; fitness.

Adapted

ADAPT'ED, participle passive Suited; made suitable; fitted.

Adapter

ADAPT'ER. See adopter.

Adapting

ADAPT'ING, participle of the present tense Suiting; making fit.

Adaption

ADAP'TION, noun Adaptation; the act of fitting. [Little used, and hardly legitimate.]

Adaptness

ADAPT'NESS, noun A state of being fitted. [Not used.]

Newton.

Adar

A'DAR, noun A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part of February and the beginning of March, the 12th of the sacred and 6th of the civil year; so named from, to become glorious, from the exuberance of vegetation, in that month, in Egypt and Palestine.

Parkhurst.

Adarce

ADAR'CE, noun [Greek.]

A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is lax and porous, like bastard spunge, and used to clear the skin in leprosy, tetters, &c.

Quincy. Plot.

Adarcon

ADAR'CON, noun In Jewish antiquity, a gold coin worth about three dollars and a third, or about fifteen shillings sterling.

Adarme

ADAR'ME, noun A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an ounce; French demi-gros. The Spanish ounce is seven per cent. lighter than that of Paris.

Encyc. Span. Dict.

Adatis

AD'ATIS, noun A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India. It is fine and clear; the piece is ten French ells long, and three quarters wide.

Adaunt

AD'AUNT, verb transitive To subdue. [Not used. See Daunt.]

Skelton.

Adaw

ADAW', verb transitive To daunt; to subject. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Adays

ADA'YS, adverb On or in days; as in the phrase, now adays.

Add

ADD, verb transitive [Latin addo, from ad and do, to give.]

1. To set or put together, join, or unite, as, one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate; as, add three to four, the sum is seven.

2. To unite in idea or consideration; to subjoin.

To what has been alledged, let this argument be added.

3. To increase number.

Thou shalt add three cities more of refuge.

Deuteronomy 19.

4. To augment.

Rehoboam said, I will add to your yoke.

1 Kings 12.

Ye shall not add to the word which I command you. Deuteronomy 4.

As here used, the verb is intransitive, but there may be an ellipsis.

To add to, is used in scripture, as equivalent to give, or bestow upon. Genesis 30. Matthew 6. In Galatians 2. the word is understood to signify instruction. "In conference they added nothing to me." In narration, he or they added, is elliptical; he added words, or what follows, or he continued his discourse.

In general, when used of things, add implies a principal thing, to which a smaller is to be annexed, as a part of the whole sum, mass, or number.

Addecimate

ADDEC'IMATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and decimus, tenth.]

To take, or to ascertain tithes.

Dict.

Added

ADD'ED, participle passive Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate, in number, in idea or consideration; united; put together.

Addeem

ADDEE'M, verb transitive [See Deem.] To award; to sentence. [Little used.]

Adder

AD'DER, noun [Saxon aetter or aettor, a serpent and poison; Dutch adder. Qu. Saxon naedre, a serpent; Gothic nadr; German natter; Welsh neider; Cornish naddyr; Irish nathair; Latin natrix, a serpent.]

A venomous serpent or viper, of several species.

Adder-Fly

AD'DER-FLY, noun A name of the dragonfly or libellula; sometimes called adder-bolt.

Adders-Grass

ADDER'S-GRASS, noun A plant about which serpents lurk.

Adders-Tongue

ADDER'S-TONGUE, noun A plant whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.

Adders-Wort

ADDER'S-WORT, noun Snakeweed, so named from its supposed virtue in curing the bite of serpents.

Addibility

ADDIBIL'ITY, noun The possibility of being added.

Locke.

Addible

AD'DIBLE, adjective [See Add.] That may be added.

Locke.

Addice

AD'DICE, obs. [See Adz.]

Addict

ADDICT', adjective Addicted. [Not much used.]

Addict

ADDICT', verb transitive [Latin addico, to devote, from ad and dico, to dedicate.]

To apply one's self habitually; to devote time and attention by customary or constant practice; sometimes in a good sense.

They have addicted themselves to the ministry of the saints. 1 Corinthians 15.

More usually, in a bad sense, to follow customarily, or devote, by habitually practising that which is ill; as, a man is addicted to intemperance.

To addict one's self to a person, a sense borrowed from the Romans, who used the word for assigning debtors in service to their creditors, is found in Ben Jonson, but is not legitimate in English.

Addicted

ADDICT'ED, participle passive Devoted by customary practice.

Addictedness

ADDICT'EDNESS, noun The quality or state of being addicted.

Addicting

ADDICT'ING, participle of the present tense Devoting time and attention; practicing customarily.

Addiction

ADDIC'TION, noun The act of devoting or giving up in practice; the state of being devoted.

His addiction was to courses vain.

Shak.

2. Among the Romans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal sentence; also an assignment of debtors in service to their creditors.

Encyc.

Adding

ADD'ING, participle of the present tense Joining; putting together; increasing.

Additament

ADDIT'AMENT, noun [Latin additamentum, from additus and ment. See Add.]

An addition, or rather the thing added, as furniture in a house; any material mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound. Ancient anatomists gave the name to an epiphysis, or junction of bones without articulation. [Little used in either sense.]

Addition

ADDI'TION, noun [Latin additio, from addo.]

1. The act of adding, opposed to subtraction, or dimination; as, a sum is increased by addition.

2. Any thing added, whether material or immaterial.

3. In arithmetic, the uniting of two or more numbers in one sum; also the rule or branch of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers. Simple addition is the joining of sums of the same denomination, as pounds to pounds, dollars to dollars. Compound addition is the joining of sums of different denominations, as dollars and cents.

4. In law, a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occupation or place of residence; as, John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent; Robert Dale, Mason; Thomas Way, of New-York.

5. In music, a dot at the side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half.

6. In heraldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor, opposed to abatements, as bordure, quarter, canton, gyron, pile, &c. See these terms.

Encyc.

7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or liquor in a state of fermentation.

8. In popular language, an advantage, ornament, improvement; that is, an addition by way of eminence.

Additional

ADDI'TIONAL, adjective That is added. It is used by Bacon for addition; but improperly.

Additionally

ADDI'TIONALLY, adverb By way of addition.

Additive

ADD'ITIVE, adjective That may be added, or that is to be added.

Additory

ADD'ITORY, adjective That adds, or may add.

Addle

AD'DLE, adjective [Welsh hadyl, corrupt; hadlu, to decay, to putrify; Hebrew, to fail; Arabic, to decline, and to frustrate, to fail, to cease.]

In a morbid state; putrid; applied to eggs.

Hence, barren, producing nothing.

His brains grow addle.

Dryden.

Addled

AD'DLED, adjective Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren.

Brown.

Addle-Pated

AD'DLE-PATED, adjective Having empty brains.

Dryden.

Addoom

ADDOOM', verb transitive [See Doom.] To adjudge.

Spenser.

Addorsed

ADDORS'ED, adjective [Latin ad and dorsum, the back.]

In heraldry, having the backs turned to each other, as beasts.

Address

ADDRESS', verb transitive [French adresser; Spanish enderezar; Italian dirizzare, to direct, to make straight. This is supposed to be from Latin dirigo; it also coincides with Chaldee, Arabic, Syriac id., to direct, to rectify, to fit. See Dress.]

1. To prepare; to make suitable dispositions for.

Turnus addressed his men to single fight.

Dryden.

The archangel and the evil spirit addressing themselves for the combat.

Addison.

[This sense is, I believe, obsolete or little used.]

2. To direct words or discourse; to apply to by words; as, to address a discourse to an assembly; to address the judges.

3. To direct in writing, as a letter; or to direct and transmit; as, he addressed a letter to the speaker. Sometimes it is used with the reciprocal pronoun, as, he addressed himself to the speaker, instead of, he addressed his discourse. The phrase is faulty; but less so than the following. To such I would address with this most affectionate petition.

Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest.

Dryden.

The latter is admissible in poetry, as an elliptical phrase.

4. To present an address, as a letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimony of respect; as, the legislature addressed the president.

5. To court or make suit as a lover.

6. In commerce, to consign or entrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was addressed to a merchant in Baltimore.

Address

ADDRESS', noun A speaking to; verbal application; a formal manner of speech; as, when introduced, the president made a short address.

2. A written or formal application; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, petition, &c.; as, an address of thanks; an officer is removable upon the address of both houses of assembly.

3. Manner of speaking to another; as, a man of pleasing address.

4. Courtship; more generally in the plural, addresses; as, he makes or pays his addresses to a lady.

5. Skill; dexterity; skillful management; as, the envoy conducted the negotiation with address.

6. Direction of a letter, including the name, title, and place of residence of the person for whom it is intended. Hence these particulars are denominated, a man's address.

Addressed

ADDRESS'ED, participle passive Spoken or applied to; directed; courted; consigned.

Addresser

ADDRESS'ER, noun One who addresses or petitions.

Addressing

ADDRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Speaking or applying to; directing; courting; consigning.

Adduce

ADDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin adduco, to lead or bring to; ad and duco, to lead. See Duke.]

1. To bring forward, present or offer; as, a witness was adduced to prove the fact.

2. To cite, name or introduce; as, to adduce an authority or an argument.

Adduced

ADDU'CED, participle passive Brought forward; cited; alledged in argument.

Adducent

ADDU'CENT, adjective Bringing forward, or together; a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. [See Adductor.]

Adducible

ADDU'CIBLE, adjective That may be adduced.

Adducing

ADDU'CING, participle of the present tense Bringing forward; citing in argument.

Adduction

ADDUC'TION, noun The act of bringing forward.

Adductive

ADDUC'TIVE, adjective That brings forward.

Adductor

ADDUC'TOR, noun [Latin]

A muscle which draws one part of the body towards another; as the adductor oculi, which turns the eye towards the nose; the adductor pollicis manus, which draws the thumb towards the fingers.

Addulce

ADDULCE, v. t. adduls'. [Latin ad and dulcis, sweet.]

To sweeten. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Adeb

AD'EB, noun An Egyptian weight of 210 okes, each of three rotolos, which is a weight of about two drams less than the English pound. But at Rosetta, the adeb is only 150 okes.

Encyc.

Adelantado

ADELANTA'DO, noun [Spanish.] A governor of a province; a lieutenant governor.

Robertson.

Adeling

AD'ELING, noun A title of honor, given by our Saxon ancestors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is composed of adel, or rather oethel, the Teutonic term for noble, illustrious, and ling, young, posterity. Spelman. Swedish adelig; Dutch edel; German edel and adelig, noble; Spanish hidalgo. We observe the term in many Saxon names of princes, as Ethel-wolf, noble wolf, or noble help, Ethel-bald, noble bold, Ethel-bert, noble brightness. Arabic

athala, to be well rooted, to be of noble stock or birth. Class Dl.

Adelite

AD'ELITE, noun Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were conjurers, who predicted the fortunes of individuals by the flight and singing of birds, and other accidental circumstances.

Ed. Encyc.

Ademption

ADEMP'TION, noun [Latin adimo, to take away; of ad and emo, to take.]

In the civil law, the revocation of a grant, donation, or the like.

Adenography

ADENOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a gland, and, to describe.]

That part of anatomy which treats of the glands.

Adenoid

AD'ENOID, adjective [Greek, a gland, and, form.]

In the form of a gland; glandiform; glandulous; applied to the prostate glands.

Adenological

ADENOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the doctrine of the glands.

Encyc.

Adenology

ADENOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a gland, and, discourse.

In anatomy, the doctrine of the glands, their nature, and their uses.

Adenos

AD'ENOS, noun A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also marine cotton.

Adept

ADEPT', noun [Latin adeptus, obtained, from adipiscor.]

One fully skilled or well versed in any art. The term is borrowed from the Alchimists, who applied it to one who pretended to have found the philosopher's stone, or the panacea.

Encyc.

Adept

ADEPT', adjective Well skilled; completely versed or acquainted with.

Boyle.

Adeption

ADEP'TION, noun [Latin adeptio.]

An obtaining; acquirement. Obs.

Bacon.

Adequacy

AD'EQUACY, noun [Latin adoequatus, of ad and oequatus, made equal.]

The state or quality of being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; as, "the adequacy of supply to the expenditure."

War in Disguise.

Adequate

AD'EQUATE, adjective Equal; proportionate; correspondent to; fully sufficient; as, means adequate to the object; we have no adequate ideas of infinite power.

Adequate ideas, are such as exactly represent their object.

Adequate

AD'EQUATE, verb transitive To resemble exactly. [Not used.]

Shelford.

Adequately

AD'EQUATELY, adverb In an adequate manner; in exact proportion; with just correspondence, representation, or proportion; in a degree equal to the object.

Adequateness

AD'EQUATENESS, noun The state of being adequate; justness of proportion or representation; sufficiency.

Adequation

ADEQUA'TION, noun Adequateness. [Not used.]

Bp. Barlow.

Adessenarians

ADESSENA'RIANS, noun [Latin adesse, to be present.]

In church history, a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. They differ however as to this presence; some holding the body of Christ to be in the bread; others, about the bread.

Encyc.

Adfected

ADFECT'ED, adjective In algebra, compounded; consisting of different powers of the unknown quantity.

Bailey.

Adfiliated

ADFIL'IATED, adjective Adopted as a son. [See Affiliate.]

Adfiliation

ADFILIA'TION, noun [Latin ad and filius, a son.]

A Gothic custom, by which the children of a former marriage, are put upon the same footing with those of a succeeding one; still retained in some parts of Germany.

Adhere

ADHE'RE, verb intransitive [Latin adhoereo, ad and hoereo, to stick; Irish adharadh.]

1. To stick to, as glutinous substances, or by natural growth; as, the lungs sometimes adhere to the pleura.

2. To be joined, or held in contact; to cleave to.

3. Figuratively, to hold to, be attached, or remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a leader, a church, or creed.

4. To be consistent; to hold together as the parts of a system.

Every thing adheres together.

Shak.

Adherence

ADHE'RENCE, noun The quality or state of sticking or adhering.

2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; as, an adherence to a party or opinions.

Adherency

ADHE'RENCY, noun The same as adherence. In the sense of that which adheres, not legitimate.

Decay of Piety.

Adherent

ADHE'RENT, adjective Sticking, uniting, as glue or wax; united with, as an adherent mode in Locke, that is, a mode accidentally joined with an object, as wetness in a cloth.

Adherent

ADHE'RENT, noun The person who adheres; one who follows a leader, party or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church.

In the sense of an appendage. Obs.

Adherently

ADHE'RENTLY, adverb In an adherent manner.

Adherer

ADHE'RER, noun One that adheres; an adherent.

Adhesion

ADHE'SION, n. adhe'zhun. [Latin adhoesio.]

1. The act or state of sticking, or being united and attached to; as the adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, and the like. Adhesion is generally used in a literal; adherence, in a metaphorical sense.

2. Sometimes figuratively, adherence, union or steady attachment; firmness in opinion; as, an adhesion to vice: but in this sense nearly obsolete. The union of bodies by attraction is usually denominated cohesion.

Adhesive

ADHE'SIVE, adjective Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances; apt or tending to adhere. Thus gums are adhesive.

Adhesively

ADHE'SIVELY, adverb In an adhesive manner.

Adhesiveness

ADHE'SIVENESS, noun The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity.

Adhibit

ADHIB'IT, verb transitive [Latin adhibeo, ad and habeo, to have.]

To use, or apply. [Rarely used.]

Adhibition

ADHIBI'TION, noun Application; use.

Whitaker.

Adhil

AD'HIL, noun A star of the sixth magnitude, upon the garment of Andromeda, under the last star in her foot.

Encyc.

Adhortation

ADHORTA'TION, noun [Latin adhortatio.]

Advice. [Seldom used.]

Adhortatory

ADHORT'ATORY, adjective [Latin adhortor, to advise, ad and hortor.]

Advisory; containing counsel or warning.

Potter's Antiq.

Adiaphorists

ADIAPH'ORISTS, noun [Greek, indifferent.]

Moderate Lutherans; a name given in the sixteenth century, to certain men that followed Melancthon, who was more pacific than Luther.

Encyc.

The adiaphorists held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical.

Adiaphorous

ADIAPH'OROUS, adjective Indifferent; neutral; a name given by Boyle to a spirit distilled from tartar, and some other vegetable substances, neither acid, nor alkaline, or not possessing the distinct character of any chimical body.

Adieu

ADIEU', Adu'. [French Ãƒ-  dieu, to God; a compound word, and an elliptical form of speech, for I commend you to God. It is called an adverb, but it has none of the properties of a modifying word.]

Farewell; an expression of kind wishes at the parting of friends.

Adieu

ADIEU', noun A farewell, or commendation to the care of God; as an everlasting adieu.

Adipocerate

ADIPOC'ERATE, verb transitive To convert into adipocere.

Adipoceration

ADIPOCERA'TION, noun The act or process of being changed into adipocere.

Adipocere

AD'IPOCERE, noun [Latin adeps, fat, and cera, French cire, wax.]

A soft unctuous or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the muscular fibers of dead animal bodies are converted, when protected from atmospheric air, and under certain circumstances of temperature and humidity. This substance was first discovered by Fourcroy, in the burying ground of the Church des Innocens, when it was removed in 1787. It is speedily produced, when the body is immersed in running water.

Lunier. Med. Repos. Ed. Encyc.

Adipose

AD'IPOSE, or AD'IPOUS, adjective [Latin adiposus, from adeps, fat. Qu. Chaldee, to grow fat; Hebrew and Chaldee, fat, gross, stupid; Arabic, fat, bulky.]

Fat. The adipose membrane is the cellular membrane, containing the fat in its cells, and consisting of ductile membranes, connected by a sort of net-work. The adipose vein spreads itself on the coat and fat that covers the kidneys. The adipose ducts are the bags and ducts which contain the fat.

Quincy. Coxe.

Adit

AD'IT, noun [Latin aditus, from adeo, aditum, to approach, ad and eo, to go.]

An entrance or passage; a term in mining, used to denote the opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away. It is usually made in the side of a hill. The word is sometimes used for air-shaft, but not with strict propriety.

Encyc.

Adjacency

ADJA'CENCY, noun [Latin adjaceo, to lie contiguous, from ad and jaceo, to lie.]

The state of lying close or contiguous; a bordering upon, or lying next to; as the adjacency of lands or buildings. In the sense of that which is adjacent, as used by Brown, it is not legitimate.

Adjacent

ADJA'CENT, adjective Lying near, close, or contiguous; bordering upon; as, a field adjacent to the highway.

Adjacent

ADJA'CENT, noun That which is next to or contiguous. [Little used.]

Locke.

Adject

ADJECT', verb transitive [Latin adjicio, of ad and jacio, to throw.]

To add or put, as one thing to another.

Macknight.

Adjection

ADJEC'TION, noun The act of adding, or thing added. [Little used.]

Brown.

Adjectitious

ADJECTI'TIOUS, adjective Added.

Parkhurst, Gram.

Adjective

AD'JECTIVE, noun In grammar, a word used with a noun, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is called also an attributive or attribute. Thus, in the phrase, a wise ruler, wise is the adjective or attribute, expressing a particular property of ruler.

Adjectively

AD'JECTIVELY, adverb In the manner of an adjective; as, a word is used adjectively.

Adjoin

ADJOIN', verb transitive [French adjoindre; Latin adjungo, ad and jungo. See Join.]

To join or unite to; to put to, by placing in contact; to unite, by fastening together with a joint, mortise, or knot. But in these transitive senses, it is rarely used. [See Join.]

Adjoin

ADJOIN', verb intransitive To lie or be next to, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, a farm adjoining to the highway. This is the common use of the word, and to is often omitted; as, adjoining the highway.

Adjoinant

ADJOIN'ANT, adjective Contiguous to. [Not used.]

Carew.

Adjoined

ADJOIN'ED, participle passive Joined to; united.

Adjoining

ADJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Joining to; adjacent; contiguous.

Adjourn

ADJOURN', v. t. Adjurn'. [French ajourner, from journÃƒ-©e, a day, or day's work, or journey; Italian giorno. See Journal, Journey.]

Literally, to put off, or defer to another day; but now used to denote a formal intermission of business, a putting off to any future meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of public bodies or private commissioners, entrusted with business; as, the court adjourned the consideration of the question.

Adjourn

ADJOURN', verb intransitive To suspend business for a time; as, from one day to another, or for a longer period, usually public business, as of legislatures and courts, for repose or refreshment; as, congress adjourned' at four o'clock. It is also used for the act of closing the session of a public body; as, the court adjourned without day.

It was moved that parliament should adjourn for six weeks.

Select Speeches, Vol. v. 403.

Adjourned

ADJOURN'ED, participle passive Put off, delayed, or deferred for a limited time.

2. As an adjective, existing or held by adjournment, as an adjourned session of a court, opposed to stated or regular.

Adjourning

ADJOURN'ING, participle of the present tense Deferring; suspending for a time; closing a session.

Adjournment

ADJOURN'MENT, noun The act of adjourning; as, in legislatures, the adjournment of one house is not an adjournment of the other.

2. The putting off till another day or time specified, or without day; that is, the closing of a session of a public or official body.

3. The time or interval during which a public body defers business; as, during an adjournment. But a suspension of business, between the forming of a house and an adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called a prorogation; as the close of a parliament is a dissolution. But in Great Britain, as well as in the United States, adjournment is now used for an intermission of business, for any indefinite time; as, an adjournment of parliament for six weeks.

Select Speeches, Vol. v. 404.

Adjudge

ADJUDGE', verb transitive [French adjuger, from juge, judge. See Judge.]

To decide, or determine, in the case of a controverted question; to decree by a judicial opinion; used appropriately of courts of law and equity.

The case was adjudged in Hilary term.

The prize was adjudged to the victor; A criminal was adjudged to suffer death.

It has been used in the sense of to judge; as, he adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. But this sense is unusual.

Adjudged

ADJUDG'ED, participle passive Determined by judicial opinion; decreed; sentenced.

Adjudging

ADJUDG'ING, participle of the present tense Determining by judicial opinion; sentencing.

Adjudgment

ADJUDG'MENT, noun The act of judging; sentence.

Temple.

Adjudicate

ADJU'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin adjudico, to give sentence. See Judge.]

To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court. It has the sense of adjudge.

Adjudicate

ADJU'DICATE, verb intransitive To try and determine judicially; as, the court adjudicated upon the case.

Adjudicated

ADJU'DICATED, participle passive Adjudged; tried and decided.

Adjudicating

ADJU'DICATING, participle of the present tense Adjudging; trying and determining.

Adjudication

ADJUDICA'TION, noun The act of adjudging; the act or process of trying and determining judicially; as, a ship was taken and sent into port for adjudication.

2. A judicial sentence; judgment or decision of a court.

Whose families were parties to some of the former adjudications.

Blackstone.

3. In Scots law, an action by which a creditor attaches the heritable estate of his debtor, or his debtor's heir, in payment or security of his debt; or an action by which the holder of an heritable right, laboring under a defect in point of form, may supply that defect.

Encyc.

Adjument

AD'JUMENT, noun [Latin adjumentum.]

Help; support. [Not used.]

Adjunct

AD'JUNCT, noun [Latin adjunctus, joined, from adjungo. See Join.]

1. Something added to another, but not essentially a part of it; as, water absorbed by a cloth or spunge is its adjunct. Also a person joined to another.

2. In metaphysics, a quality of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as color, in the body; thinking, in the mind.

3. In grammar, words added to illustrate or amplify the force of other words; as, the History of the American revolution. The words in Italics are the adjuncts of History.

4. In music, the word is employed to denominate the relation between the principal mode and the modes of its two fifths.

Encyc.

The adjunct deities, among the Romans, were inferior deities which were added as assistants to the principal gods; as Bellona, to Mars; to Vulcan, the Cabiri; to the Good Genius, the Lares; to the Evil, the Lemures.

In the royal academy of sciences at Paris, the adjuncts are certain members attached to the study of particular sciences. They are twelve in number, created in 1716.

Encyc.

Adjunct has been used for a colleague, but rarely.

Wotton.

Adjunct

AD'JUNCT, adjective Added to or united, with, as an adjunct professor.

Adjunction

ADJUNC'TION, noun The act of joining; the thing joined.

Adjunctive

ADJUNC'TIVE, adjective Joining; having the quality of joining.

Adjunctive

ADJUNC'TIVE, noun That which is joined.

Adjunctively

ADJUNC'TIVELY, adverb In an adjunctive manner.

Adjunctly

ADJUNCT'LY, adverb In connection with; consequently.

Adjuration

ADJURA'TION, noun The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse.

2. The form of oath.

Addison.

Adjure

ADJU'RE, verb transitive [Latin adjuro, to swear solemnly, or compel one to swear; from ad and juro, to swear.]

1. To charge, bind or command on oath, or under the penalty of a curse.

Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city of Jericho. Joshua 6.

2. To charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath.

I adjure thee by the living God. Matthew 26. Acts 19.

3. To conjure; to charge, urge or summon with solemnity.

The magistrates adjured by all the bonds of civil duty.

Milton.

Ye sacred stars, be all of you adjured.

Dryden.

The Commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.

Marshall's Life of Washington.

Adjured

ADJU'RED, participle passive Charged on oath, or with a denunciation of God's wrath; solemnly urged.

Adjurer

ADJU'RER, noun One that adjures; one that exacts an oath.

Adjuring

ADJU'RING, participle of the present tense Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a curse; beseeching with solemnity.

Adjust

ADJUST', verb transitive [Spanish ajustar; Portugese id; Italian aggiustare; French ajuster, to fit or frame; of Latin ad, and justus, just, exact. See Just.]

1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent, or conformable; as, to adjust a garment to the body, an event to the prediction, or things to a standard.

Swift. Locke. Addison.

2. To put in order; to regulate or reduce to system; as to adjust a scheme; to adjust affairs.

3. To make accurate; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; as to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted.

Adjusted

ADJUST'ED, participle passive Made exact or conformable; reduced to a right form or standard; settled.

Adjuster

ADJUST'ER, noun A person who adjusts; that which regulates.

Adjusting

ADJUST'ING, participle of the present tense Reducing to due form; fitting; making exact or correspondent; settling.

Adjustment

ADJUST'MENT, noun The act of adjusting; regulation; a reducing to just form or order; a making fit or conformable; settlement.

Watts. Woodward.

Adjutancy

AD'JUTANCY, noun [See Adjutant.] The office of an adjutant; skillful arrangement.

Burke.

Adjutant

AD'JUTANT, noun [Latin adjutans, aiding; from adjuto, to assist; of ad and juvo, jutum, to help.]

In military affairs, an officer whose business is to assist the Major by receiving and communicating orders. Each battalion of foot, and each regiment of horse has an adjutant, who receives orders from the Brigade Major, to communicate to the Colonel, and to subalterns. He places guards, receives and distributes ammunition, assigns places of rendezvous, &c.

Adjutant-General, in an army, is the chief adjutant.

Adjutants General, among the Jesuits, were a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care. Their business was to correspond with that province, by their delegates, emissaries or visitors, and give information of occurrences to the father general.

Encyc.

Adjute

ADJU'TE, verb transitive To help. [Not used.]

Adjutor

ADJU'TOR, noun A helper. [Little used; its compound coadjutor is in common use.]

Adjuvant

ADJU'VANT, adjective Helping; assisting.

Howell.

Adlegation

ADLEGA'TION, noun [Latin ad and legatio, an embassy, from lego, to send. See Legate.]

In the public law of the German Empire, a right claimed by the states, of joining their own ministers with those of the Emperor, in public treaties and negotiations, relating to the common interest of the Empire.

Encyc.

Adlocution

ADLOCU'TION, noun [See Allocution.]

Admeasure

ADMEAS'URE, v. t. admezh'ur. [ad and measure. See Measure.]

1. To measure or ascertain dimensions, size or capacity; used for measure.

2. To apportion; to assign to each claimant his right; as, to admeasure dower or common of pasture.

Blackstone.

Admeasured

ADMEAS'URED, participle passive Measured; apportioned.

Admeasurement

ADMEAS'UREMENT, noun The measuring of dimensions by a rule, as of a ship, cask, and the like.

2. The measure of a thing, or dimensions ascertained.

In these uses the word is equivalent to measurement, mensuration and measure.

3. The adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This is done by writ of admeasurement, directed to the sheriff.

Blackstone.

Admeasurer

ADMEAS'URER, noun One that admeasures.

Admeasuring

ADMEAS'URING, participle of the present tense Measuring; apportioning.

Admensuration

ADMENSURA'TION is equivalent to admeasurement, but not much used. [See Mensuration.]

Adminicle

ADMIN'ICLE, noun [Latin adminiculum.]

Help; support. [Not used.]

Adminicular

ADMINIC'ULAR, adjective Supplying help; helpful.

Administer

ADMIN'ISTER, verb transitive [Latin administro, of ad, and ministro, to serve or manage. See Minister.]

1. To act as minister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under laws or a constitution of government, as a king, president, or other supreme officer. It is used also of absolute monarchs, who rule not in subordination; but is more strictly applicable to limited monarchs and other supreme executive officers, and to governors, vice-roys, judges and the like, who are under the authority of laws. A king or a president administers the government or laws, when he executes them, or carries them into effect. A judge administers the laws, when he applies them to particular cases or persons. In short, to administer is to direct the execution or application of laws.

2. To dispense, as to administer justice or the sacrament.

3. To afford, give or furnish; as, to administer relief, that is, to act as the agent. To administer medicine is to direct and cause it to be taken.

4. To give, as an oath; to cause to swear according to law.

Administer

ADMIN'ISTER, verb intransitive To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to add something; as, a shade administers to our comfort.

2. To perform the office of administrator; as, A administers upon the estate of B.

Administered

ADMIN'ISTERED, participle passive Executed; managed; governed; afforded; given; dispensed.

Administerial

ADMINISTE'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government.

Administering

ADMIN'ISTERING, participle of the present tense Executing; carrying into effect; giving; dispensing.

Administrate

ADMIN'ISTRATE, in the place of administer, has been used, but is not well authorized.

Administration

ADMINISTRA'TION, noun The act of administering; direction; management; government of public affairs; the conducting of any office or employment.

2. The executive part of government, consisting in the exercise of the constitutional and legal powers, the general superintendence of national affairs, and the enforcement of laws.

3. The persons collectively, who are entrusted with the execution of laws, and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his council; or the council alone, as in Great Britain.

4. Dispensation; distribution; exhibition; as the administration of justice, of the sacrament, or of grace. 1 Corinthians 12:2 Corinthians 9.

5. The management of the estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the proper authority. This management consists in collecting debts, paying debts and legacies, and distributing the property among the heirs.

6. The power, office or commission of an administrator.

Surrogates are authorized to grant administration.

Laws of New-York.

It is more usual to say, letters of administration.

Blackstone.

7. This name is given by the Spaniards, to the staple magazine or warehouse, at Callao, in Peru, where foreign ships must unload.

Encyc.

Administrative

ADMIN'ISTRATIVE, adjective That administers, or by which one administers.

Administrator

ADMINISTRA'TOR, noun A man who, by virtue of a commission from the Ordinary, Surrogate, Court of Probate, or other proper authority, has the charge of the goods and estate of one dying without a will.

2. One who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or dispenses laws and rites, either in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs.

3. In Scots law, a tutor, curator or guardian, having the care of one who is incapable of acting for himself. The term is usually applied to a father who has power over his children and their estate, during their minority.

Encyc.

Administratorship

ADMINISTRA'TORSHIP, noun The office of an administrator.

Administratrix

ADMINISTRA'TRIX, noun A female who administers upon the estate of an intestate; also a female who administers government.

Admirable

AD'MIRABLE, adjective [Latin admirabilis.]

To be admired; worthy of admiration; having qualities to excite wonder, with approbation, esteem or reverence; used of persons or things; as, the admirable structure of the body, or of the universe.

Admirableness

AD'MIRABLENESS, noun The quality of being admirable; the power of exciting admiration.

Admirably

AD'MIRABLY, adverb In a manner to excite wonder, mingled with approbation, esteem or veneration.

Admiral

AD'MIRAL, noun [In the Latin of the middle ages, Amira, Amiras, Admiralis, an Emir; Spanish almirante; Portugese id.; Italian ammiraglio; French amiral; from Arabic amara, to command, a commander; Sanscrit amara; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan, to speak. The terminating syllable of admiral may be from, the sea. This word is said to have been introduced into Europe by the Turks, Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century.]

A marine commander in chief; the commander of a fleet or navy.

1. The Lord High Admiral, in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all maritime affairs, and has the government of the navy. He has also jurisdiction over all maritime causes, and commissions the naval officers.

2. The Admiral of the fleet, the highest officer under the admiralty. When he embarks on an expedition, the union flag is displayed at the main top gallant mast head.

3. The Vice Admiral, an officer next in rank and command to the Admiral, has command of the second squadron. He carries his flag at the fore top gallant mast head. This name is given also to certain officers who have power to hold courts of vice-admiralty, in various parts of the British dominions.

4. The Rear Admiral, next in rank to the Vice Admiral, has command of the third squadron, and carries his flag at the mizen top gallant mast head.

5. The commander of any single fleet, or in general any flag officer.

6. The ship which carries the admiral; also the most considerable ship of a fleet of merchantmen, or of fishing vessels.

Encyc.

7. In zoology, a species of shell-fish. [See Voluta.]

2. Also a butterfly, which lays her eggs on the great stinging nettle, and delights in brambles.

Encyc.

Admiralship

AD'MIRALSHIP, noun The office or power of an admiral. [Little used.]

Admiralty

AD'MIRALTY, noun In Great Britain, the office of Lord High Admiral. This office is discharged by one person, or by Commissioners, called Lords of the Admiralty; usually seven in number.

The admiralty court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for the trial of maritime causes, held before the Lord High Admiral, or Lords of the admiralty.

In general, a court of admiralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high seas, as prize causes and the like. In the United States, there is no admiralty court, distinct from others; but the district courts, established in the several states by Congress, are invested with admiralty powers.

Admiration

ADMIRA'TION, noun Wonder mingled with pleasing emotions, as approbation, esteem, love or veneration; a compound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or excellent; applied to persons and their works. It often includes a slight degree of surprise. Thus, we view the solar system with admiration.

Very near to admiration is the wish to admire.

Anon.

It has been sometimes used in an ill sense, denoting wonder with disapprobation.

Your boldness I with admiration see.

Dryden.

When I saw her I wondered with great admiration. Luke 17.

Admirative

ADMI'RATIVE, noun A note of admiration, thus! [Not used.]

Cotgrave.

Admire

ADMI'RE, verb transitive [Latin admiror, ad and miror, to wonder; Spanish and Portugese admirar; French admirer; Italian ammirare; French mirer, to look, to take aim; Cornish miras, to look, see or face; Armoric miret, to stop, hold, keep; Welsh mir, visage; also fair, comely; and maer, one that looks after, keeps or guards, a mayor, or bailiff; Russian zamirayu, to be astonished or stupified; za, a prefix, and mir, peace; miryu, to pacify; zamiriayu, to make peace. The primary sense is to hold, to stop, or strain. Chaldee and Syriac; Latin demiror. See Moor and Mar.]

1. To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence or affection.

When he shall come to be glorified in his saints and be admired in all them that love him. 2 Thessalonians 1.

This word has been used in an ill sense, but seems now correctly restricted to the sense here given, and implying something great, rare or excellent, in the object admired.

2. To regard with affection; a familiar term for to love greatly.

Admire

ADMI'RE, verb intransitive To wonder; to be affected with slight surprise; sometimes with at; as, to admire at his own contrivance.

Ray.

To admire at sometimes implies disapprobation.

Admired

ADMI'RED, participle passive Regarded with wonder, mingled with pleasurable sensations, as esteem, love or reverence.

Admirer

ADMI'RER, noun One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.

Admiring

ADMI'RING, participle of the present tense Regarding with wonder united with love or esteem.

Admiringly

ADMI'RINGLY, adverb With admiration; in the manner of an admirer.

Admissibility

ADMISSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being admissible.

Chase.

Admissible

ADMISS'IBLE, adjective [See admit.] That may be admitted, allowed or conceded; as, the testimony is admissible.

Admission

ADMISS'ION, noun [Latin admissio.]

1. The act or practice of admitting, as the

admission of aliens into our country; also the state of being admitted.

2. Admittance; power or permission to enter; entrance; access; power to approach; as, our laws give to foreigners easy admission to the rights of citizens; the admission of a clerk to a benefice.

3. Allowance; grant of an argument or position not fully proved.

Admit

ADMIT', verb transitive [Latin admitto, from ad and mitto, to send, French mettre.]

1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance; whether into a place, or an office, or into the mind, or consideration; as to admit a student into college; to admit a serious thought into the mind.

2. To give right of entrance; as, a ticket admits one into a play house.

3. To allow; to receive as true; as, the argument or fact is admitted.

4. To permit, grant or allow, or to be capable of; as, the words do not admit of such a construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or omitted.

Admittable

ADMIT'TABLE, adjective That may be admitted or allowed.

Admittance

ADMIT'TANCE, noun The act of admitting; allowance. More usually.

2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; and hence, actual entrance; as, he gained admittance into the church.

3. Concession; admission; allowance; as the admittance of an argument. [Not used.]

4. Skakespeare uses the word for the custom or prerogative of being admitted; "Sir John, you are a gentleman of excellent breeding, of great admittance": but the license is unwarrantable.

Admitted

ADMIT'TED, participle passive Permitted to enter or approach; allowed; granted; conceded.

Admitter

ADMIT'TER, noun He that admits.

Admitting

ADMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Permitting to enter or approach; allowing; conceding.

Admix

ADMIX', verb transitive To mingle with something else. [See Mix.]

Admixtion

ADMIX'TION, n. admix'chun, [Latin admixtio, or admistio; of ad and misceo, to mix. See Mix.]

A mingling of bodies; a union by mixing different substances together. It differs from composition or chimical combination; for admixtion does not alter the nature of the substances mixed, but merely blends them together; whereas in composition, the particles unite by affinity, lose their former properties, and form new compounds, with different properties.

Admixture

ADMIX'TURE, noun [From admix.]

The substance mingled with another; sometimes the act of mixture. We say, an admixture of sulphur with alum, or the admixture of different bodies.

Admonish

ADMON'ISH, verb transitive [Latin admoneo, ad and moneo, to teach, warn, admonish; French admonÃƒ-©ter; Norm. amonester; Spanish amonestar; Portugese amoestar, or admoestar; Italian ammonire; German mahnen, ermahnen; Dutch maanen, to dun, vermaanen, to admonish; Swedish mana, formana; Danish maner, formaner; Saxon moenan, to mean.]

1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove with mildness.

Count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. 2 Thessalonians 3.

2. To counsel against wrong practices; to caution or advise.

Admonish one another in psalms and hymns. Colossians 3.

3. To instruct or direct.

Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle. Hebrews 8.

4. In ecclesiastical affairs, to reprove a member of the church for a fault, either publicly or privately; the first step of church discipline. It is followed by of, or against; as, to admonish of a fault committed, or against committing a fault. It has a like use in colleges.

Admonished

ADMON'ISHED, participle passive Reproved; advised; warned; instructed.

Admonisher

ADMON'ISHER, noun One who reproves or counsels.

Admonishing

ADMON'ISHING, participle of the present tense Reproving; warning; counseling; directing.

Admonishment

ADMON'ISHMENT, noun Admonition.

Shak.

Admonition

ADMONI'TION, noun Gentle reproof; counseling against a fault; instruction in duties; caution; direction. Titus ~~. 1 Corinthians 10. In church discipline, public or private reproof to reclaim an offender; a step preliminary to excommunication.

Admonitioner

ADMONI'TIONER, noun A dispenser of admonitions.

Hooker.

Admonitive

ADMON'ITIVE, adjective Containing admonition.

Barrow.

Admonitor

ADMON'ITOR, noun An admonisher, a monitor.

Admonitory

ADMON'ITORY, adjective Containing admonition; that admonishes.

Admortization

ADMORTIZA'TION, noun The reducing of lands or tenements to mortmain. [See Mortmain.]

Encyc.

Admove

ADMOVE', verb transitive [Latin admoveo.]

To move to; to bring one thing to another. [Little used.]

Brown.

Adnascent

ADNAS'CENT, adjective [Latin ad and nascens, growing.]

Growing on something else.

Evelyn.

Adnata

ADNA'TA, noun [Latin ad and natus, grown, from nascor, to grow.]

1. In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye, which is also called albuginea, and is sometimes confounded with the conjunctiva. It lies between the sclerotica, and conjunctiva.

2. Such parts of animal or vegetable bodies, as are usual and natural, as the hair, wool, horns; or accidental, as fungus, misletoe, and excrescences.

3. Offsets of plants, germinating under ground, as from the lily, narcissus, and hyacinth.

Quincy. Encyc.

Adnate

AD'NATE, adjective [Latin ad and natus, grown.]

In botany, pressing close to the stem, or growing to it.

Martyn.

Adnoun

AD'NOUN, noun [ad and noun.]

In grammar, an adjective, or attribute. [Little used.]

Ado

ADO', noun [Qu. a and do.]

Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty; as, to make a great ado about trifles; to persuade one with much ado.

Adolescence

ADOLES'CENCE, noun [Latin adolescens, growing, of ad and olesco, to grow, from oleo. Hebrew, to ascent; Arabic, to be high.]

The state of growing, applied to the young of the human race; youth, or the period of life between childhood and manhood.

Adolescent

ADOLES'CENT, adjective Growing; advancing from childhood to manhood.

Adonean

ADONE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Adonis.

Fair Adonean Venus.

Faber.

Adonia

ADO'NIA, noun Festivals celebrated anciently in honor of Adonis, by females, who spent two days in lamentations and infamous pleasures.

Encyc.

Adonic

ADO'NIC, a. Adonic Verse, a short verse, in which the death of Adonis was bewailed. It consists of a dactyl and spondee or trochee.

Bailey. Cyc.

Adonic

ADO'NIC, noun An Adonic verse.

Adonis

ADO'NIS, noun In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to be the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. He was fond of hunting, and received a mortal wound from the tusk of a wild boar. Venus lamented his death, and changed him into the flower, anemony.

Adonis

ADO'NIS, in botany, bird's eye or pheasant's eye.

Adonists

ADO'NISTS, noun [Hebrew Chaldee and Syriac adon, Lord, a scriptural title of the Supreme Being.]

Among critics, a sect or party who maintain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural points belonging to that word, and that they do not express the true pronunciation of it; but that they are vowel points belonging to the words, Adonai and Elohim, applied to the ineffable name Jehovah, which the Jews were forbid to utter, and the true pronunciation of which was lost; they were therefore always to pronounce the word Adonai, instead of Jehovah.

Encyc.

Adopt

ADOPT', verb transitive [Latin adopto, of ad and opto, to desire or choose. See Option.]

1. To take a stranger into one's family, as son and heir; to take one who is not a child, and treat him as one, giving him a title to the privileges and rights of a child.

2. In a spiritual sense, to receive the sinful children of men into the invisible church, and into God's favor and protection, by which they become heirs of salvation by Christ.

Brown.

3. To take or receive as one's own, that which is not naturally so; as, to adopt the opinions of another; or to receive that which is new; as, to adopt a particular mode of husbandry.

4. To select and take; as, which mode will you adopt?

Adopted

ADOPT'ED, participle passive Taken as one's own; received as son and heir; selected for use.

Adoptedly

ADOPT'EDLY, adverb In the manner of something adopted.

Adopter

ADOPT'ER, noun One who adopts.

2. In chimistry, a large round receiver, with two necks, diametrically opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, or to increase the length of the neck of a retort.

Adopting

ADOPT'ING, participle of the present tense Taking a stranger as a son; taking as one's own.

Adoption

ADOP'TION, noun [Latin adoptio.]

1. The act of adopting, or the state of being adopted; the taking and treating of a stranger as one's own child.

2. The receiving as one's own, what is new or not natural.

3. God's taking the sinful children of men into his favor and protection. Ephesians 4.

Adoption by arms, an ancient ceremony of presenting arms to one for his merit or valor, which laid the person under an obligation to defend the giver.

Adoption by baptism is the spiritual affinity which is contracted by god-fathers and god-children, in the ceremony of baptism. It was introduced into the Greek church, and afterwards among the ancient Franks. This affinity was supposed to entitle the god-child to a share of the god-father's estate.

Encyc.

Adoption by hair was performed by cutting off the hair of a person and giving it to the adoptive father. Thus Pope John VIII adopted Boson, king of Arles.

Adoption by matrimony is the taking the children of a wife or husband, by a former marriage, into the condition of natural children. This is a practice peculiar to the Germans; but is not so properly adoption as adfiliation.

Encyc.

Adoption by testament is the appointing of a person to be heir, by will, on condition of his taking the name, arms, &c. of the adopter.

Encyc.

In Europe, adoption is used for many kinds of admission to a more intimate relation, and is nearly equivalent to reception; as, the admission of persons into hospitals, or monasteries, or of one society into another.

Encyc.

Adoptive

ADOPT'IVE, adjective [Latin adoptivus.]

That adopts, as an adoptive father; or that is adopted, as an adoptive son.

Adoptive

ADOPT'IVE, noun A person or thing adopted.

Adorable

ADO'RABLE, adjective That ought to be adored; worthy of divine honors. In popular use, worthy of the utmost love or respect.

Adorableness

ADO'RABLENESS, noun The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration.

Adorably

ADO'RABLY, adverb In a manner worthy of adoration.

Adoration

ADORA'TION, noun The act of paying honors to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a God. Adoration consists in external homage, accompanied with the highest reverence. It is used for the act of praying, or preferring requests or thanksgiving, to the Supreme Being.

2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound reverence.

Adoration, among the Jews, was performed by bowing, kneeling and prostration. Among the Romans, the devotee, with his head uncovered, applied his right hand to his lips, bowing and turning himself from left to right. The Persians fell on the face, striking the forehead against the earth, and kissing the ground. The adoration paid to the Grecian and Roman emperors, consisted in bowing and kneeling at the feet of the prince, laying hold of his robe, then withdrawing the hand and clapping it to the lips. In modern times, adoration is paid to the pope by kissing his feet, and to princes, by kneeling and kissing the hand. This word was used by the Romans for acclamation or great applause, given to public performers; and the election of a pope is sometimes by adoration, that is, by sudden acclamation without scrutiny.

Encyc.

Adore

ADO'RE, verb transitive [Latin adoro. In Chaldee and Hebrew, to honor, reverence or glorify, to adorn; Hebrew, to be magnificent or glorious, to magnify, to glorify. This word is usually referred to the Latin ad orare, to carry to one's mouth; ad and os, oris; as, in order to kiss one's hand, the hand is carried to one's mouth. See Calmet, ad verbum, who cites, in confirmation of this opinion, the ancient practice of kissing the hand. See Job 31:1 Kings 19. Psalm 2. Genesis 41. Ainsworth supposes the word to be a compound of ad and oro, to pray; and if the word is compound, as I suspect, this opinion is most probably correct.]

1. To worship with profound reverence; to address with exalted thoughts, by prayer and thanksgiving; to pay divine honors to; to honor as a god or as divine.

Dryden.

2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem, affection and respect; as, the people adore their prince.

Tatler.

Adored

ADO'RED, participle passive Worshipped as divine; highly reverenced; greatly beloved.

Adorer

ADO'RER, noun One who worships, or honors as divine; in popular language, an admiring lover.

Adoring

ADO'RING, participle of the present tense or adjective Honoring or addressing as divine; regarding with great love or reverence.

Adorn

ADORN', verb transitive [Latin adorno, ad and orno, to deck, or beautify, to dress, set off, extol, furnish; French orner; Spanish Portugese ornar; Italian ornare; Armoric aourna. Orno is probably the Saxon hrinan, gerenian, gerinan, gehrinan, to touch, to strike, to adorn, that is, to put on.]

1. To deck or decorate; to make beautiful; to add to beauty by dress; to deck with external ornaments.

A bride adorneth herself with jewels. Isaiah 6.

2. To set off to advantage; to add ornaments to; to embellish by any thing external or adventitious; as, to adorn a speech by appropriate action, sentiments with elegance of language, or a gallery with pictures.

3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing; as, great abilities adorned by virtue or affability.

4. To display the beauty or excellence of; as, to adorn the doctrine of God. Titus ~~.

Adorn

ADORN', noun Ornament. Obs.

Spenser.

Adorn

ADORN', adjective Adorned; decorated. Obs.

Milton.

Adorned

ADORN'ED, participle passive Decked; decorated; embellished.

Adorning

ADORN'ING, participle of the present tense Ornamenting; decorating; displaying beauty.

Adorning

ADORN'ING, noun Ornament; decoration. 1 Peter 3.

Adosculation

ADOSCULA'TION, noun [Latin ad and osculatio, a kissing, from osculum, a kiss, or mouth.]

The impregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils.

Encyc.

Adosculation is also defined to be the inserting of one part of a plant into another.

Crabbe.

Adossed

ADOS'SED, adjective [French adossÃƒ-©e, part. of adosser, to set back to back; dos, the back.]

In heraldry, denoting two figures or bearings placed back to back.

Encyc.

Adown

ADOWN', preposition [a and down.] From a higher to a lower situation; downwards; implying descent.

Adown

ADOWN', adverb Down; on the ground; at the bottom.

Adread

ADREAD', a. Adred'. [See Dread.] Affected by dread. Obs.

Adriatic

ADRIAT'IC, adjective [Latin Adria, or Hadria, the gulf of Venice.]

Pertaining to the Gulf, called from Venice, the Venetian Gulf.

Adriatic

ADRIAT'IC, noun The Venetian Gulf; a Gulf that washes the eastern side of Italy.

Adrift

ADRIFT', adjective or adv. [Saxon adrifan, gedrifan, and drifan, to drive. See Drive. Adrift is the participle of the verb.]

Literally, driven; floating; floating at random; impelled or moving without direction. As an adjective, it always follows its noun; as, the boat was adrift.

Adrogation

ADROGA'TION, noun [Latin ad and rogo, to ask. See Interrogate and Rogation.]

A species of adoption in ancient Rome, by which a person, capable of choosing for himself, was admitted into the relation of a son. So called from the questions put to the parties.

Encyc.

Adroit

ADROIT', adjective [French from droit, right, straight, direct; whence droite, the right hand; Italian diritto, right, straight, contracted from the Latin directus, dirigo; Armoric dret. See Right.]

Dextrous; skilful; active in the use of the hands, and figuratively, in the exercise of the mental faculties; ingenious; ready in invention or execution.

Adroitly

ADROIT'LY, adverb With dexterity; in a ready skilful manner.

Chesterfield.

Adroitness

ADROIT'NESS, noun Dexterity; readiness in the use of the limbs, or of the mental faculties.

Horne.

Adry

ADRY', adjective [Saxon adrigan, to dry.]

Thirsty, in want of drink. [This adjective always follows the noun.]

Spectator.

Adscititious

ADSCITI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin ascititius, from adscisco, ascisco, to add or join.]

Added; taken as supplemental; additional; not requisite.

Warton.

Adstriction

ADSTRIC'TION, noun [Latin adstrictio, astrictio, of ad and stringo, to strain or bind fast. See Strict.]

A binding fast. Among physicians, the rigidity of a part of the body, occasioning a retention of usual evacuations; costiveness; a closeness of the emunctories; also the styptic effects of medicines.

Encyc. Quincy.

Adstrictory

ADSTRIC'TORY, ADSTRING'ENT. [See Astringent.]

Adularia

ADULA'RIA, noun [From Adula, the summit of a Swiss mountain.]

A mineral deemed the most perfect variety of felspar; its color white, or with a tinge of green, yellow, or red.

Cleaveland.

Adulation

ADULA'TION, noun [Latin adulatio.]

Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited; high compliment.

Shak.

Adulator

AD'ULATOR, noun A flatterer; one who offers praise servilely.

Adulatory

AD'ULATORY, adjective Flattering; containing excessive praise or compliments; servilely praising; as, an adulatory address.

Adulatress

AD'ULATRESS, noun A female that flatters with servility.

Adult

ADULT', noun [Latin adultus, grown to maturity, from oleo, to grow; Hebrew, to ascend.]

Having arrived at mature years, or to full size and strength; as an adult person or plant.

Adult

ADULT', noun A person grown to full size and strength, or to the years of manhood. It is also applied to full grown plants. Among civilians, a person between fourteen and twenty-five years of age.

Encyc.

Adulterant

ADUL'TERANT, noun The person or thing that adulterates.

Adulterate

ADUL'TERATE, verb transitive [Latin adultero, from adulter, mixed, or an adulterer; ad and alter, other.]

To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of baser materials; as, to adulterate liquors, or the coin of a country.

Boyle.

Adulterate

ADUL'TERATE, v.i. To commit adultery. Obs.

Adulterate

ADUL'TERATE, adjective Tainted with adultery; debased by foreign mixture.

Adulterated

ADUL'TERATED, participle passive Corrupted; debased by a mixture with something of less value.

Adulterateness

ADUL'TERATENESS, noun The quality or state of being debased or counterfeit.

Adulterating

ADUL'TERATING, participle of the present tense Debasing; corrupting; counterfeiting.

Adulteration

ADULTERA'TION, noun The act of adulterating, or the state of being adulterated, corrupted or debased by foreign mixture.

The adulteration of liquors, of drugs, and even of bread and beer, is common, but a scandalous crime.

Adulterer

ADUL'TERER, noun [Latin adulter.]

1. A man guilty of adultery; a man who has sexual commerce with any married woman, except his wife. [See Adultery.]

2. In scripture, an idolater. Ezekiel 23.

3. An apostate from the true faith, or one who violates his covenant engagements; a very wicked person. Jeremiah 9 and 23.

4. One devoted to earthly things. James 4.

Adulteress

ADUL'TERESS, noun A married woman guilty of incontinence.

Adulterine

ADUL'TERINE, adjective Proceeding from adulterous commerce; spurious.

Hall.

Adulterine

ADUL'TERINE, noun In the civil law, a child issuing from an adulterous connection.

Adulterous

ADUL'TEROUS, adjective Guilty of adultery; pertaining to adultery.

2. In scripture, idolatrous, very wicked. Matthew 12 and 16. Mark 8.

Adultery

ADUL'TERY, noun [Latin adulterium. See Adulterate.]

1. Violation of the marriage bed; a crime, or a civil injury, which introduces, or may introduce, into a family, a spurious offspring.

By the laws of Connecticut, the sexual intercourse of any man, with a married woman, is the crime of adultery in both: such intercourse of a married man, with an unmarried woman, is fornication in both, and adultery of the man, within the meaning of the law respecting divorce; but not a felonious adultery in either, or the crime of adultery at common law, or by statute. This latter offense is, in England, proceeded with only in the ecclesiastical courts.

In common usage, adultery means the unfaithfulness of any married person to the marriage bed. In England, Parliament grant absolute divorces, for infidelity to the marriage bed in either party; and the spiritual courts divorce a mensa et thoro.

2. In a scriptural sense, all manner of lewdness or unchastity, as in the seventh commandment.

3. In scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true God. Jeremiah 3.

4. In old laws, the fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.

5. In ecclesiastical affairs, the intrusion of a person into a bishopric, during the life of the bishop.

Encyc.

6. Among ancient naturalists, the grafting of trees was called adultery, being considered as an unnatural union.

Pliny.

Adultness

ADULT'NESS, noun The state of being adult.

Adumbrant

ADUM'BRANT, adjective [See Adumbrate.] Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance.

Adumbrate

ADUM'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin adumbro, to shade, from umbra, a shade; French ombre; Spanish sombra; Italian ombra.]

To give a faint shadow, or slight likeness; to exhibit a faint resemblance, like a shadow.

Adumbration

ADUMBRA'TION, noun The act of making a shadow or faint resemblance.

2. A faint sketch; an imperfect representation of a thing.

Bacon.

3. In heraldry, the shadow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color darker than the field.

Dict.

Adunation

ADUNA'TION, noun [Latin ad and unus, unio.] The state of being united; union. [Not used.]

Cranmer.

Aduncity

ADUN'CITY, noun [Latin aduncitas, hookedness, of ad and uncus, a hook.]

Hookedness; a bending in form of a hook.

Arbuthnot.

Aduncous

ADUN'COUS, adjective [Latin aduncus.]

Hooked; bent or made in the form of a hook.

Bacon.

Adunque

ADUNQUE, a. Adunk'. Hooked. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Adure

ADU'RE, verb transitive [Latin aduro, ad and uro, to burn.]

To burn up. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Adust

ADUST', adjective [Latin adustus, burnt, the participle of aduro, to burn.]

Burnt; scorched; become dry by heat; hot and fiery.

Adusted

ADUST'ED, adjective Become hot and dry; burnt; scorched.

Adustion

ADUS'TION, noun The act of burning, scorching, or heating to dryness; a state of being thus heated or dried.

Advance

ADV`ANCE, verb transitive adv`ans. [French avancer; Spanish avanzar, to move forward; Italian avanzare, to get or increase; Armoric avans, to advance. This word is formed on van, the front, which seems to be the Chaldee and Hebrew, surface, face; whence, French avant, Italian avanti, before.]

1. To bring forward; to move further in front. Hence,

2. To promote; to raise to a higher rank; as, to advance one from the bar to the bench.

3. To improve or make better, which is considered as a progression or moving forward; as, to advance one's true interests.

4. To forward; to accelerate growth; as, to advance the growth of plants.

5. To offer or propose; to bring to view or notice; as, to advance an opinion or an argument.

6. In commerce, to supply beforehand; to furnish on credit, or before goods are delivered, or work done; or to furnish as a part of a stock or fund; as, to advance money on loan or contract, or towards a purchase or establishment.

7. To furnish for others; to supply or pay for others, in expectation of reimbursement.

They advanced the money out of their own funds, and took the sheriff's deeds in their own name.

Kent, Johnson's Rep.

8. To raise; to enhance; as, to advance the price of goods.

Advance

ADV`ANCE, verb intransitive To move or go forward; to proceed; as, the troops advanced.

2. To improve, or make progress; to grow better, greater, wiser or older; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in wisdom, or in years.

3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred, or promoted; as, to advance in political standing.

Advance

ADV`ANCE, noun A moving forward, or towards the front.

Clarendon.

2. Gradual progression; improvement; as, an advance in religion or knowledge.

Atterbury.

3. Advancement; promotion; preferment; as, an advance in rank or office.

4. First hint by way of invitation; first step towards an agreement; as, A made an advance towards a reconciliation with B. In this sense, it is very frequently used in the plural.

The amours of an empress require the plainest advances.

Gibbon.

5. In trade, additional price; profit; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods.

6. A giving beforehand; a furnishing of something, on contract, before an equivalent is received, as money or goods, towards a capital or stock, or on loan; or the money or goods thus furnished; as, A made large advances to B.

7. A furnishing of money or goods for others, in expectation of reimbursement; or the property so furnished.

I shall, with great pleasure, make the necessary advances.

Jay.

The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made.

Kent.

In advance, in front; before; also before-hand; before an equivalent is received, or when one partner in trade has furnished more than his proportion; as, A is in advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.

Advanced

ADV`ANCED, participle passive Moved forward; promoted; improved; furnished beforehand; situated in front, or before the rest; also old, having reached the decline of life; as, advanced in years; an advanced age.

Advancement

ADV`ANCEMENT, noun The act of moving forward or proceeding.

2. The state of being advanced; preferment; promotion, in rank or excellence; the act of promoting.

3. Settlement on a wife, or jointure.

4. Provision made by a parent for a child, by gift of property, during his, the parent's life, to which the child would be entitled as heir, after his parent's death.

R.M. Sherman.

Advancer

ADV`ANCER, noun One who advances; a promoter.

Among sportsmen, a start or branch of a buck's attire, between the back antler and the palm.

Encyc.

Advancing

ADV`ANCING, participle of the present tense Moving forward; proceeding; promoting; raising to higher rank or excellence; improving; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in trade.

Advancive

ADV`ANCIVE, adjective Tending to advance, or promote.

Advantage

ADV`ANTAGE, noun [French avantage, from avant, before; Italian vantaggio; Spanish ventaja.]

1. Any state, condition, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity, interest, or reputation.

The enemy had the advantage of elevated ground.

2. Benefit; gain; profit.

What advantage will it be to thee? Job 35.

There exists, in the economy and course of nature, an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage.

Washington.

3. Means to an end; opportunity; convenience for obtaining benefit; as, students enjoy great advantages for improvement.

The General took advantage of his enemy's negligence.

4. Favorable state or circumstances; as, jewels set to advantage.

5. Superiority, or prevalence over; with of or over.

Lest Satan should get an advantage of us, (or over us.) 2 Corinthians 2.

6. Superiority, or that which gives it; as, the advantage of a good constitution.

7. Interest; increase; overplus.

And with advantage means to pay thy love. Obs.

Shak.

8. Additional circumstance to give preponderation.

Advantage

ADV`ANTAGE, verb transitive To benefit; to yield profit or gain.

What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke 9.

2. To promote; to advance the interest of.

Advantageable

ADV`ANTAGEABLE, adjective Profitable; convenient; gainful. [Little used.]

Advantaged

ADV`ANTAGED, participle passive Benefitted; promoted.

Advantage-Ground

ADV`ANTAGE-GROUND, noun Ground that gives advantage or superiority; a state that gives superior advantages for annoyance or resistance.

Clarendon.

Advantageous

ADVANTA'GEOUS, adjective Being of advantage; furnishing convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position of the troops; trade is advantageous to a nation.

Advantageously

ADVANTA'GEOUSLY, adverb In an advantageous manner; profitably; usefully; conveniently.

Arbuthnot.

Advantageousness

ADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being advantageous; profitableness; usefulness; convenience.

Boyle.

Advantaging

ADV`ANTAGING, participle of the present tense Profiting; benefiting.

Advene

ADVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin advenio, to come to, ad and venio.]

To accede, or come to; to be added to, or become a part of, though not essential. [Little used.]

Advenient

ADVE'NIENT, adjective Advening; coming from outward causes.

Advent

AD'VENT, noun [Latin adventus, from advenio, of ad and venio, to come. See Find.]

A coming; appropriately the coming of our Savior, and in the calendar, it includes four sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's Day, or on the sabbath next before or after it. It is intended as a season of devotion, with reference to the coming of Christ in the flesh, and his second coming to judge the world.

Encyc.

Adventine

ADVENT'INE, adjective Adventitious. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Adventitious

ADVENTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin adventitius, from advenio. See Advent.]

Added extrinsically; accidental; not essentially inherent; casual; foreign.

Diseases of continuance get an adventitious strength from custom.

Bacon.

Adventitiously

ADVENTI'TIOUSLY, adverb Accidentally.

Adventive

ADVENT'IVE, adjective Accidental; adventitious. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Adventive

ADVENT'IVE, noun The thing or person that comes from without. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Adventual

ADVENT'UAL, adjective Relating to the season of advent.

Saunderson.

Adventure

ADVENT'URE, noun [French aventure, from advenio. See Advent.]

1. Hazard; risk; chance; that of which one has no direction; as, at all adventures, that is, at all hazards. [See Venture.]

2. An enterprize of hazard; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events.

Dryden.

3. That which is put to hazard; a sense in popular use with seamen, and usually pronounced venture. Something which a seaman is permitted to carry abroad, with a view to sell for profit.

A bill of adventure, is a writing signed by a person, who takes goods on board of his ship, wholly at the risk of the owner.

Encyc.

Adventure

ADVENT'URE, verb transitive To risk, or hazard; to put in the power of unforeseen events; as, to adventure one's life. [See Venture.]

Adventure

ADVENT'URE, verb intransitive To dare; to try the chance; as, to adventure on "the tempestuous sea of liberty."

Adventured

ADVENT'URED, participle passive Put to hazard; ventured; risked.

Adventurer

ADVENT'URER, noun One who hazards, or puts something at risk, as merchant-adventurers.

2. One who seeks occasions of chance, or attempts bold, novel, or extraordinary enterprizes.

Adventuresome

ADVENT'URESOME, adjective Bold; daring; incurring hazard. [See Venturesome.]

Adventuresomeness

ADVENT'URESOMENESS, noun The quality of being bold and venturesome.

Adventuring

ADVENT'URING, participle of the present tense Putting to risk; hazarding.

Adventurous

ADVENT'UROUS, adjective [French aventureux.]

1. Inclined or willing to incur hazard; bold to encounter danger; daring; courageous; enterprizing: applied to persons.

2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage: applied to things; as, an adventurous undertaking.

And followed freedom on the adventurous tide.

Trumbull.

Adventurously

ADVENT'UROUSLY, adverb Boldly; daringly; in a manner to incur hazard.

Adventurousness

ADVENT'UROUSNESS, noun The act or quality of being adventurous.

Adverb

AD'VERB, noun [Latin adverbium, of ad and verbum, to a verb.]

In grammar, a word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective or attribute, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white. This part of speech might be more significantly named a modifier, as its use is to modify, that is, to vary or qualify the sense of another word, by enlarging or restraining it, or by expressing form, quality or manner, which the word itself does not express. The term adverb, denoting position merely, is often improper.

Adverbial

ADVERB'IAL, adjective Pertaining to an adverb.

Adverbially

ADVERB'IALLY, adverb In the manner of an adverb.

Adversaria

ADVERSA'RIA, noun [Latin from adversus. See Adverse.]

Among the ancients, a book of accounts, so named from the placing of debt and credit in opposition to each other. A commonplace book.

Encyc.

Adversary

AD'VERSARY, noun [See Adverse.]

1. An enemy or foe; one who has enmity at heart.

The Lord shall take vengeance on his adversaries. Nahum 1.

In scripture, Satan is called THE ADVERSARY, by way of eminence. 1 Peter 5.

2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit at law, or in single combat; an opposing litigant.

Adversary

AD'VERSARY, adjective Opposed; opposite to; adverse. In law, having an opposing party, as an adversary suit; in distinction from an application, in law or equity, to which no opposition is made.

Adversative

ADVERS'ATIVE, adjective Noting some difference, contrariety, or opposition; as, John 1s an honest man, but a fanatic. Here but is called an adversative conjunction. This denomination however is not always correct; for but does not always denote opposition, but something additional.

Adversative

ADVERS'ATIVE, noun A word denoting contrariety or opposition.

Adverse

AD'VERSE, adjective [Latin adversus, opposite; of ad and versus, turned; from verto, to turn. See Advert. This word was formerly accented, by some authors, on the last syllable; but the accent is now settled on the first.]

1. Opposite; opposing; acting in a contrary direction; conflicting; counteracting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party.

2. Figuratively, opposing desire; contrary to the wishes, or to supposed good; hence, unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; pernicious; unprosperous; as, adverse fate or circumstances.

Adverse

ADVERSE, v. t. advers'. To oppose. [Not used.]

Gower.

Adversely

AD'VERSELY, adverb In an adverse manner; oppositely; unfortunately; unprosperously; in a manner contrary to desire or success.

Adverseness

AD'VERSENESS, noun Opposition; unprosperousness.

Adversity

ADVERS'ITY, noun An event, or series of events, which oppose success or desire; misfortune; calamity; affliction; distress; state of unhappiness.

In the day of adversity, consider. Ecclesiastes 7.

Ye have rejected God, who saved you out of all your adversities. 1 Samuel 10.

Advert

ADVERT', verb intransitive [Latin adverto, of ad and verto, to turn.]

To turn the mind or attention to; to regard, observe, or notice; with to; as, he adverted to what was said, or to a circumstance that occurred.

Adverted

ADVERT'ED, participle passive Attended to; regarded; with to.

Advertence

ADVERT'ENCE, or ADVERT'ENCY, noun A direction of the mind to; attention; notice; regard; consideration; heedfulness.

Advertent

ADVERT'ENT, adjective Attentive; heedful.

Adverting

ADVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Attending to; regarding; observing.

Advertise

ADVERTI'SE, v. t. s as z. [French avertir; Armoric avertisza, to inform; from ad and verto, to turn. See Advert.]

1. To inform; to give notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, or of something future.

I will advertise thee what this people will do to thy people in the latter day. Numbers 24.

I thought to advertise thee, saying; buy it before the inhabitants and elders of my people. Ruth 4.

In this sense, it has of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his losses.

2. To publish a notice of; to publish a written or printed account of; as, to advertise goods or a farm.

Advertised

ADVERTI'SED, participle passive Informed; notified; warned; used of persons: published; made known; used of things.

Advertisement

ADVER'TISEMENT, noun Information; admonition; notice given. More generally, a publication intended to give notice; this may be, by a short account printed in a newspaper, or by a written account posted, or otherwise made public.

Advertiser

ADVERTI'SER, noun One who advertises. This title is often given to public prints.

Advertising

ADVERTI'SING, participle of the present tense Informing; giving notice; publishing notice.

2. adjective Furnishing advertisements; as, advertising customers.

3. In the sense of monitory, or active in giving intelligence, as used by Shakespeare. [Not now used.]

Advice

ADVI'CE, noun [French avis, opinion, notice; Armoric avis. This and the verb aviser, to advise, seem to be formed of ad and the Latin viso, to see, to visit.]

1. Counsel; an opinion recommended, or offered, as worthy to be followed.

What advice give ye? 2 Chaldee x.

With good advice make war. Proverbs 20.

We may give advice, but we cannot give conduct.

Franklin.

2. Prudence; deliberate consideration.

Shak.

3. Information; notice; intelligence; as, we have late advices from France.

To take advice, is to consult with others.

Advice Boat

ADVI'CE BOAT, noun A vessel employed to carry dispatches or information.

Advisable

ADVI'SABLE, adjective [See Advise.]

1. Proper to be advised; prudent; expedient; proper to be done or practiced.

It is not advisable to proceed, at this time, to a choice of officers.

2. Open to advice.

South.

Advisableness

ADVI'SABLENESS, noun The quality of being advisable or expedient.

Advise

ADVI'SE, v. t. s. as z. [French aviser; Armoric avisa; Spanish avisar; Italian avvisare. See Advice.]

1. To give counsel to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; as, I advise you to be cautious of speculation.

2. To give information; to communicate notice; to make acquainted with; followed by of, before the thing communicated; as, the merchants were advised of the risk.

3. To deliberate, consider, or consult.

Advise thyself of what word I shall bring again to him that sent me. 1 Chaldee xxi.

But in this sense, it is usually intransitive.

Advise

ADVI'SE, verb intransitive To deliberate, weigh well, or consider.

Advise and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 2 Samuel 24.

To advise with is to consult for the purpose of taking the opinions of others.

Advised

ADVI'SED, participle passive Informed; counseled; also cautious; prudent; acting with deliberation.

Let him be advised in his answers.

Bacon.

With the well advised is wisdom. Proverbs 13.

2. Done, formed, or taken with advice or deliberation; intended; as, an advised act or scheme.

Advisedly

ADVI'SEDLY, adverb With deliberation or advice; heedfully; purposely; by design; as, an enterprize advisedly undertaken.

Advisedness

ADVI'SEDNESS, noun Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure.

Advisement

ADVI'SEMENT, noun Counsel; information; circumspection.

2. Consultation.

The action standing continued nisi for advisement.

Mass. Reports.

Adviser

ADVI'SER, noun One who gives advice or admonition; also, in a bad sense, one who instigates or persuades.

Advising

ADVI'SING, participle of the present tense Giving counsel.

Advising

ADVI'SING, noun Advice; counsel.

Shak.

Advisory

ADVI'SORY, adjective Having power to advise.

The general association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches.

Trumbull's Hist. Conn. Madison. Ramsay, Hist. Car.

2. Containing advice; as, their opinion is merely advisory.

Advocacy

AD'VOCACY, noun The act of pleading for; intercession.

Brown.

2. Judicial pleading; law-suit.

Chaucer.

Advocate

AD'VOCATE, noun [Latin advocatus, from advoco, to call for, to plead for; of ad and voco, to call. See Vocal.]

1. Advocate, in its primary sense, signifies, one who pleads the cause of another in a court of civil law. Hence,

2. One who pleads the cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court, as a barrister in the English courts. We say, a man is a learned lawyer and an able advocate.

In Europe, advocates have different titles, according to their particular duties.

Consistorial advocates, in Rome, appear before the Consistory, in opposition to the disposal of benefices.

Elective advocates are chosen by a bishop, abbot, or chapter, with license from the prince.

Feudal advocates were of a military kind, and to attach them to the church, had grants of land, with power to lead the vassals of the church to war.

Fiscal advocates, in ancient Rome, defended causes in which the public revenue was concerned.

Juridical advocates became judges, in consequence of their attending causes in the earl's court.

Matricular advocates defended the cathedral churches.

Military advocates were employed by the church to defend it by arms, when force gave law to Europe.

Some advocates were called nominative, from their being nominated by the pope or king; some regular, from their being qualified by a proper course of study. Some were supreme; others, subordinate.

Advocate, in the German polity, is a magistrate, appointed in the emperor's name, to administer justice.

Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of eminent lawyers, who practice in the highest courts, and who are admitted members only upon the severest examination, at three different times. It consists of about two hundred members, and from this body are vacancies on the bench usually supplied.

Lord advocate, in Scotland, the principal crown lawyer, or prosecutor of crimes.

Judge advocate, in courts martial, a person who manages the prosecution.

In English and American courts, advocates are the same as counsel, or counselors. In England, they are of two degrees, barristers and serjeants; the former, being apprentices or learners, cannot, by ancient custom, be admitted serjeants, till of sixteen years standing.

Blackstone. Encyc.

3. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by argument; one who is friendly to; as, an advocate for peace, or for the oppressed.

In scripture, Christ is called an advocate for his people.

We have an advocate with the father.

1 John 2.

Advocate

AD'VOCATE, verb transitive To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal; to support or vindicate.

Those who advocate a discrimination.

Hamilton's Report on public debt.

The Duke of York advocated the amendment.

Debates on the Regency in the House of Lords, Dec. 27, 1810.

The Earl of Buckingham advocated the original resolution.

Ibid.

The idea of a legislature, consisting of a single branch, though advocated by some, was generally reprobated.

Ramsay, Hist. Carolina.

How little claim persons, who advocate this sentiment, really possess to be considered calvinists, will appear from the following quotation.

Mackenzie's Life of Calvin.

The most eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause.

Mitford.

A part only of the body, whose cause he advocates, coincide with him in judgment.

Chris. Obs. xi. 434. Scott.

Advocated

AD'VOCATED, participle passive Defended by argument; vindicated.

Advocatess

AD'VOCATESS, noun A female advocate.

Taylor.

Advocating

AD'VOCATING, participle of the present tense Supporting by reasons; defending; maintaining.

Advocation

ADVOCA'TION, noun A pleading for; plea; apology.

A bill of advocation, in Scotland, is a written application to a superior court, to call an action before them from an inferior court. The order of the superior court for this purpose is called a letter of advocation.

Advoutress

ADVOU'TRESS, noun An adulteress.

Bacon.

Advoutry

ADVOU'TRY, noun Adultery. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Advowee

ADVOWEE', noun He that has the right of advowson.

Cowel.

2. The advocate of a church or religious house.

Cyc.

Advowson

ADVOW'SON, n. s as z. [French avouerie, from avouer, to avow; Norm. avoerie, or avoeson. But the word was latinized, advocatio, from advoco, and avow is from advoco.]

In English law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice; or in other words, a right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church. The name is derived from advocatio, because the right was first obtained by such as were founders, benefactors or strenuous defenders, advocates, of the church. Those who have this right are styled patrons. Advowsons are of three kinds, presentative, collative, and donative; presentative, when the patron presents his clerk to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted; collative, when the bishop is the patron, and institutes, or collates his clerk, by a single act; donative, when a church is founded by the king, and assigned to the patron, without being subject to the ordinary, so that the patron confers the benefice on his clerk, without presentation, institution, or induction.

Advowsons are also appendant, that is, annexed to a manor; or, in gross, that is, annexed to the person of the patron.

Blackstone.

Advoyer

ADVOY'ER, or Avoy'er, [Old French advoes.]

A chief magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland.

Ady

A'DY, noun The abanga, or Thernel's restorative; a species of Palm tree, in the West Indies, tall, upright, without branches, with a thick branching head, which furnishes a juice, of which the natives make a drink by fermentation.

Encyc. Coxe.

Adz

ADZ, noun [Saxon adese; Spanish azuela; formerly written in addice.]

An iron instrument with an arching edge, across the line of the handle, and ground from a base on its inside to the outer edge; used for chipping a horizontal surface of timber.

Encyc.

Ae

AE, a diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Greek. The Saxon oe has been changed into e or ea. In derivatives from the learned languages, it is mostly superseded by e, and convenience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in anglicized words. For such words as may be found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.

Aed

AED, ed, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, signify happy; as, Eadric, happy kingdom; Eadrig, happy victory; Edward, prosperous watch; Edgar, successful weapon.

Gibson. Lye.

Aedile

AE'DILE, noun [Latin] In ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate, who had the care of the public buildings, [oedes,] streets, highways, public spectacles, &c.

Aegilops

AE'GILOPS, noun [Greek; a goat, and, the eye.]

A tumor in the corner of the eye, and a plant so called.

Quincy.

Aegis

AE'GIS, noun [Greek, a goat skin, and shield; from, a goat.]

A shield, or defensive armor.

Ael

AEL, al, alh or eal, in Saxon, all, are seen in many names; as, in AElfred, Alfred, all peace; AElwin, all conqueror.

Gibson.

Aelf

AELF, seems to be one form of help, but more generally written elph or ulph; as, in AElfwin, victorious aid; AEthelwulph, illustrious help.

Gibson.

Aeolist

AE'OLIST, noun [Latin AEolus.]

A pretender to inspiration.

Swift.

Aerate

A'ERATE, verb transitive [See Air.] To combine with carbonic acid, formerly called fixed air. [The word has been discarded from modern chimistry.]

Aerated

A'ERATED, participle passive Combined with carbonic acid.

Aerating

A'ERATING, participle of the present tense Combining with carbonic acid.

Aeration

AERA'TION, noun The act or operation of combining with carbonic acid.

Aerial

AE'RIAL, adjective [Latin aerius. See Air.]

1. Belonging to the air, or atmosphere; as, aerial regions.

2. Consisting of air; partaking of the nature of air; as, aerial particles.

3. Produced by air; as, aerial honey.

Pope.

4. Inhabiting or frequenting the air; as, aerial songsters.

5. Placed in the air; high; lofty; elevated; as, aerial spires; aerial flight.

Aerians

AE'RIANS, noun In church history, a branch of Arians, so called from Aerius, who maintained, that there is no difference between bishops and priests.

Aerie

A'ERIE, noun [Welsh eryr, Cornish er, an eagle.]

The nest of a fowl, as of an eagle or hawk; a covey of birds.

Shak.

Aerification

AERIFICA'TION, noun The act of combining air with; the state of being filled with air.

Fourcroy.

2. The act of becoming air or of changing into an aeriform state, as substances which are converted from a liquid or solid form into gas or an elastic vapor; the state of being aeriform.

Fourcroy.

Aerified

A'ERIFIED, participle passive Having air infused, or combined with.

Aeriform

A'ERIFORM, adjective [Latin aer, air, and forma, form.]

Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. The gases are aeriform fluids.

Aerify

A'ERIFY, verb transitive To infuse air into; to fill with air, or to combine air with.

Aerography

AEROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, air, and, to describe.]

A description of the air or atmosphere; but aerology is chiefly used.

Aerolite

A'EROLITE, noun [Greek, air, and, a stone.]

A stone falling from the air, or atmospheric regions; a meteoric stone.

Guidotte. Med. Rep.

Aerological

AEROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to aerology.

Aerologist

AEROL'OGIST, noun One who is versed in aerology.

Aerology

AEROL'OGY, noun [Greek, air, and, description.]

A description of the air; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air, its constituent parts, properties, and phenomena.

Encyc.

Aeromancy

A'EROMANCY, noun [Greek, and, divination.]

Divination by means of the air and winds. [Little used.]

Aerometer

AEROM'ETER, noun [Greek, air, and, measure.]

An instrument for weighing air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of gases.

Journ. of Science.

Aerometry

AEROM'ETRY, noun [as above.] The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation.

Encyc.

Rather, aerometry is the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the gases.

Encyc. Ure.

Aeronaut

A'ERONAUT, noun [Greek, and, sailor, from, a ship.]

One who sails or floats in the air; an aerial navigator; applied to persons who ascend in air balloons.

Burke.

Aeronautic

AERONAUT'IC, adjective Sailing or floating in the air; pertaining to aerial sailing.

Aeronautics

AERONAUT'ICS, noun The doctrine, science, or art of sailing in the air, by means of a balloon.

Aeronautism

A'ERONAUTISM, noun The practice of ascending and floating in the atmosphere, in balloons.

Journ. of Science.

Aeroscopy

AEROS'COPY, noun [Greek, and, to see.]

The observation of the air. [Little used.]

Aerostat

A'EROSTAT, noun [Greek, and, sustaining, from, to stand.]

A machine or vessel sustaining weights in the air; a name given to air balloons.

Encyc.

Aerostatic

AEROSTAT'IC, adjective Suspending in air; pertaining to the art of aerial navigation.

Aerostation

AEROSTA'TION, noun Aerial navigation; the science of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air, or of ascending in air balloons.

Adams.

2. The science of weighing air.

Aery-Light

A'ERY-LIGHT, in Milton, light as air; used for airy light.

Afar

AF`AR, adverb [a and far. See Far.]

1. At a distance in place; to or from a distance; used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off.

2. In scripture, figuratively, estranged in affection; alienated.

My kinsmen stand afar off. Psalm 38.

3. Absent; not assisting.

Why standest thou afar off, O Lord? Psalm 10.

4. Not of the visible church. Ephesians 2.

Afeard

AFE'ARD, adjective [Saxon aferan, to make afraid. Afeard is the participle passive. See Fear.]

Afraid; affected with fear or apprehension, in a more moderate degree than is expressed by terrified. It is followed by of, but no longer used in books, and even in popular use, is deemed vulgar.

Affa

AF'FA, noun A weight used on the Guinea coast, equal to an ounce. The half of it is called eggeba.

Encyc.

Affability

AFFABIL'ITY, noun [See Affable.] The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; civility and courteousness, in receiving others, and in conversation; condescension in manners. Affability of countenance is that mildness of aspect, which invites to free social intercourse.

Affable

AF'FABLE, adjective [Latin affabilis, of ad and fabulor. See Fable.]

1. Easy of conversation; admitting others to free conversation without reserve; courteous; complaisant; of easy manners; condescending; usually applied to superiors; as, an affable prince.

2. Applied to external appearance, affable denotes that combination of features, which invites to conversation, and renders a person accessible, opposed to a forbidding aspect; mild; benign; as, an affable countenance.

Affableness

AF'FABLENESS, noun Affability.

Affably

AF'FABLY, adverb In an affable manner; courteously; invitingly.

Affair

AFFA'IR, noun [French affaire, from faire, to make or do; Latin facere; Spanish hacer; Italian fare. The primary sense of facio is to urge, drive, impel.]

1. Business of any kind; that which is done, or is to be done; a word of very indefinite and undefinable signification. In the plural, it denotes transactions in general; as human affairs; political or ecclesiastical affairs: also the business or concerns of an individual; as, his affairs are embarrassed.

2. Matters; state; condition of business or concerns.

I have sent that ye may know our affairs. Ephesians 6.

3. In the singular, it is used for a private dispute, or duel; as, an affair of honor; and sometimes a partial engagement of troops.

In the phrase, at the head of affairs, the word means, the public concerns of executing the laws, and administering the government.

Junius.

Affect

AFFECT' verb transitive [Latin afficio, affectum, of ad and facio, to make; Latin affecto, to desire, from the same root. Affect is to make to, or upon, to press upon.]

1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon; as, cold affects the body; loss affects our interests.

2. To act upon, or move the passions; as, affected with grief.

3. To aim at; aspire to; desire or entertain pretension to; as, to affect imperial sway. [See the etymology of Affair.]

4. To tend to by natural affinity or disposition; as, the drops of a fluid affect a spherical form.

5. To love, or regard with fondness.

Think not that wars we love and strife affect.

Fairfax.

[This sense is closely allied to the third.]

6. To make a show of; to attempt to imitate, in a manner not natural; to study the appearance of what is not natural, or real; as, to affect to be grave; affected friendship.

It seems to have been used formerly for convict or attaint, as in Ayliffe's Parergon; but this sense is not now in use.

Affectation

AFFECTA'TION, noun [Latin affectatio.]

1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false pretense; artificial appearance, or show; as, an affectation of wit, or of virtue.

2. Fondness; affection. [Not used.]

Hooker. Hall.

Affected

AFFECT'ED, participle passive Impressed; moved, or touched, either in person or in interest; having suffered some change by external force, loss, danger, and the like; as, we are more or less affected by the failure of the bank.

2. Touched in the feelings; having the feelings excited; as, affected with cold or heat.

3. Having the passions moved; as, affected with sorrow or joy.

4. adjective Inclined, or disposed; followed by to; as, well affected to government.

5. adjective Given to false show; assuming, or pretending to possess what is not natural or real; as, an affected lady.

6. adjective Assumed artificially; not natural; as, affected airs.

Affectedly

AFFECT'EDLY, adverb In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality; formally; studiously; unnaturally; as, to walk affectedly; affectedly civil.

Affectedness

AFFECT'EDNESS, noun The quality of being affected; affectation.

Affecting

AFFECT'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing; having an effect on; touching the feelings; moving the passions; attempting a false show; greatly desiring; aspiring to possess.

2. adjective Having power to excite, or move the passions; tending to move the affections; pathetic; as, an affecting address.

The most affecting music is generally the most simple.

Mitford.

Affectingly

AFFECT'INGLY, adverb In an affecting manner; in a manner to excite emotions.

Affection

AFFEC'TION, noun The state of being affected. [Little used.]

2. Passion; but more generally.

3. A bent of mind towards a particular object, holding a middle place between disposition, which is natural, and passion, which is excited by the presence of its exciting object. Affection is a permanent bent of the mind, formed by the presence of an object, or by some act of another person, and existing without the presence of its object.

Encyc.

4. In a more particular sense, a settled good will, love or zealous attachment; as, the affection of a parent for his child. It was formerly followed by to or towards, but is now more generally followed by for.

5. Desire; inclination; propensity, good or evil; as, virtuous or vile affections. Romans 1. Gal. 5.

6. In a general sense, an attribute, quality or property, which is inseparable from its object; as, love, fear and hope are affections of the mind; figure, weight, &c., are affections of bodies.

7. Among physicians, a disease, or any particular morbid state of the body; as, a gouty affection; hysteric affection.

8. In painting, a lively representation of passion.

Shakespeare uses the word for affectation; but this use is not legitimate.

Affectionate

AFFEC'TIONATE, adjective [French affectionnÃƒ-©.]

1. Having great love, or affection; fond; as, an affectionate brother.

2. Warm in affection; zealous.

Man, in his love to God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate.

Sprat.

3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; benevolent; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; an affectionate countenance.

4. Inclined to; warmly attached. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Affectionately

AFFEC'TIONATELY, adverb With affection; fondly; tenderly; kindly. 1. Thessalonians 2.

Affectionateness

AFFEC'TIONATENESS, noun Fondness; goodwill; affection.

Affectioned

AFFEC'TIONED, adjective Disposed; having an affection of heart.

Be ye kindly affectioned one to another.

Romans 12.

2. Affected; conceited. Obs.

Shak.

Affective

AFFECT'IVE, adjective That affects, or excites emotion; suited to affect. [Little used.]

Affectively

AFFECT'IVELY, adverb In an affective or impressive manner.

Affector

AFFECT'OR, or AFFECT'ER, noun One that affects; one that practices affectation.

Affectuous

AFFECT'UOUS, adjective Full of passion. [Not used.]

Leland.

Affeer

AFFEE'R, verb transitive [French affier, to set.]

To confirm. [Not used.]

Affeer

AFFEE'R, verb transitive [French afferer, affeurer, or afforer, to assess or value.]

In law, to assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum; to reduce a general amercement to a sum certain, according to the circumstances of the case.

Blackstone.

Affeered

AFFEE'RED, participle passive Moderated in sum; assessed; reduced to a certainty.

Affeerment

AFFEE'RMENT, noun The act of affeering, or assessing an amercement, according to the circumstances of the case.

Affeeror

AFFEE'ROR, noun One who affeers; a person sworn to assess a penalty, or reduce an uncertain penalty to a certainty.

Cowel.

Affettuoso

AFFETTUO'SO, or con affetto, [Italian, from Latin affectus.]

In music, a direction to render notes soft and affecting.

Affiance

AFFI'ANCE, noun [Norm. affiaunce, confidence; French fiancer, to betroth; Spanish fianza, security in bail, afianzar, to give security or bail, from fiar, to trust, to bail, to confide in; Portugese id; French fier, to trust; Italian fidare, affidare, to trust, fidanza, confidence, fidanzare. to betroth, from Latin fido, fides.]

1. The marriage contract or promise; faith pledged.

2. Trust in general; confidence; reliance.

The Christian looks to God with implicit affiance.

Hammond.

Affiance

AFFI'ANCE, verb transitive To betroth; to pledge one's faith or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage.

To me, sad maid, he was affianced.

Spenser.

2. To give confidence.

Affianced in my faith.

Pope.

Affianced

AFFI'ANCED, participle passive Pledged in marriage; betrothed; bound in faith.

Affiancer

AFFI'ANCER, noun One who makes a contract of marriage between parties.

Affiancing

AFFI'ANCING, participle of the present tense Pledging in marriage; promising fidelity.

Affidavit

AFFIDA'VIT, noun [An old law verb in the perfect tense; he made oath; from ad and fides, faith.]

A declaration upon oath. In the United States, more generally, a declaration in writing, signed by the party, and sworn to, before an authorized magistrate.

Affied

AFFI'ED, adjective or part. Joined by contract; affianced. [Not used.]

Shak.

Affile

AFFI'LE, verb transitive [French affiler.]

To polish. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Affiliate

AFFIL'IATE, verb transitive [French affilier, to adopt, to initiate into the mysteries of a religious order; Latin ad and filius, a son.]

1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son.

2. To receive into a society as a member, and initiate in its mysteries, plans, or intriguesÃ‚--a sense in which the word was much used by the Jacobins in France, during the revolution.

Affiliation

AFFILIA'TION, noun Adoption; association in the same family or society.

Affinity

AFFIN'ITY, noun [Latin affinitas, from affinis, adjacent, related by marriage; ad and finis, end.]

1. The relation contracted by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred, and between a wife and her husband's kindred; in contradistinction from consanguinity or relation by blood.

Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.

I Kings 3.

2. Agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages.

3. In chimistry, attraction; elective attraction, or that tendency which different species of matter have to unite, and combine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes them to continue in combination. There are two kinds of affinity.

1. Affinity of aggregation, which is the power that causes two homogeneous bodies to tend towards each other, unite and cohere, as two drops of water, which unite in one. 2. Affinity of composition, which is the tendency of bodies of different kinds to unite and form new combinations of bodies with different properties. Such is the affinity which unites acids and alkalies, the results of which combination are neutral salts.

The operations of this principle are various. When heterogeneous bodies have mutually an equal attraction, it is called compound affinity. When one substance decomposes a combination of others, unites with one of them and precipitates the other, the power is called the affinity of decomposition. When bodies will not unite, but by means of a third, which enables them to combine, this is affinity by means of a medium.

Double affinity is when by means of four bodies, two decompositions and two new combinations are effected.

Fourcroy. Hooper.

Affirm

AFFIRM, verb transitive afferm'. [Latin affirmo; ad and firmo, to make firm. See Firm.]

1. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to declare the existence of something; to maintain as true; opposed to deny.

Of one Jesus whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts 25.

2. To make firm; to establish, confirm or ratify; as, the Supreme court affirmed the judgment.

Affirm

AFFIRM' v, i. To declare solemnly before a court or magistrate, for confirming a fact, or to have an affirmation administered to, by way of confirmation, or as a substitute for an oath; as, the witness affirmed to the fact, or he was affirmed to the fact.

Affirmable

AFFIRM'ABLE, adjective That may be asserted or declared; followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man.

Affirmance

AFFIRM'ANCE, noun Confirmation; ratification; as, the affirmance of a judgment; a statute in affirmance of common law.

2. Declaration; affirmation. [Little used.]

Selden. Cowper.

Affirmant

AFFIRM'ANT, noun One who affirms.

Affirmation

AFFIRMA'TION, noun The act of affirming or asserting as true; opposed to negation or denial.

Shak.

2. That which is asserted; position declared as true; averment.

Hammond.

3. Confirmation; ratification; an establishing of what had been before done or decreed.

Hooker.

4. A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath; which affirmation is in law equivalent to testimony given under oath.

Affirmative

AFFIRM'ATIVE, adjective That affirms, or asserts; declaratory of what exists; opposed to negative; as, an affirmative proposition.

2. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.

3. In algebra, positive; a term applied to numbers which have the sign + plus, denoting addition, and opposed to negative, or such as have the sign Ã‚-- minus, denoting subtraction.

4. Positive; dogmatic. Obs.

Taylor.

Affirmative

AFFIRM'ATIVE, noun That side of a question which affirms or maintains; opposed to negative; as, there were seventy votes in the affirmative, and thirty-five in the negative.

Affirmatively

AFFIRM'ATIVELY, adverb In an affirmative manner; positively; on the affirmative side of a question; opposed to negatively.

Affirmed

AFFIRM'ED, participle passive Declared; asserted; averred; confirmed; ratified.

Affirmer

AFFIRM'ER, noun One who affirms.

Affirming

AFFIRM'ING, participle of the present tense Asserting; declaring positively; confirming.

Affix

AFFIX', verb transitive [Latin affigo, affixum, of ad and figo, to fix; Greek,; peg. See Fix.]

1. To unite at the end; to subjoin, annex, or add at the close; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument.

2. To attach, unite, or connect with, as names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things.

3. To fix or fasten in any manner. In this sense, fix is more generally used.

Affix

AF'FIX, noun A syllable or letter added to the end of a word.

Affixed

AFFIX'ED, participle passive United at the end; annexed; attached.

Affixing

AFFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting at the end; subjoining; attaching.

Affixion

AFFIX'ION, noun The act of uniting at the end, or state of being so united. [Little used.]

Affixture

AFFIX'TURE, noun That which is affixed.

Drake.

Afflation

AFFLA'TION, noun [Latin afflo, afflatum, of ad and flo; blow. See Blow.]

A blowing or breathing on.

Afflatus

AFFLA'TUS, noun [Latin]

1. A breath or blast of wind.

2. Inspiration; communication of divine knowledge, or the power of prophesy.

Spence.

Afflict

AFFLICT', verb transitive [Latin affligo, afflicto, of ad and fligo, to strike; flog; Greek Eol., to strike; Greek, Latin plaga, a stroke; Gothic flekan, to strike. Hence, German flegel; Dutch vlegel; flail, g being suppressed; Latin flagellum. See Flog.]

1. To give to the body or mind pain which is continued or of some permanence; to grieve, or distress; as, one is afflicted with the gout, or with melancholy, or with losses and misfortunes.

They afflict thy heritage, O Lord. Psalm 95.

2. To trouble; to harass; to distress.

Afflicted

AFFLICT'ED, participle passive Affected with continued or often repeated pain, either of body or mind; suffering grief or distress, of any kind; followed by at, by or with; as, afflicted at the loss of a child, by the rheumatism, or with losses.

Afflictedness

AFFLICT'EDNESS, noun The state of being afflicted; but superseded by affliction.

Afflicter

AFFLICT'ER, noun One who afflicts, or causes pain of body or of mind.

Afflicting

AFFLICT'ING, participle of the present tense Causing continued or durable pain of body or mind; grieving; distressing.

Afflicting

AFFLICT'ING, adjective Grievous; distressing; as, an afflicting event.

Affliction

AFFLIC'TION, noun The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.

Some virtues are seen only in affliction.

2. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity, persecution.

Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalm 34.

Afflictive

AFFLICT'IVE, adjective Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; painful; distressing.

Hall.

Afflictively

AFFLICT'IVELY, adverb In a manner to give pain or grief.

Brown.

Affluence

AF'FLUENCE, noun [Latin affluentia, of ad and fluo, to flow. See Flow.]

1. Literally, a flowing to, or concourse. In this sense it is rarely used. It is sometimes written affluency.

2. Figuratively, abundance of riches; great plenty of worldly goods; wealth.

Rogers.

Affluent

AF'FLUENT, adjective Flowing to; more generally, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches; abundant.

Prior.

Affluently

AF'FLUENTLY, adverb In abundance; abundantly.

Afflux

AF'FLUX, noun [Latin affluxum, from affluo. See Flow.]

The act of flowing to; a flowing to, or that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head.

Affluxion

AFFLUX'ION, noun The act of flowing to; that which flows to. [See Afflux.]

Afforage

AF'FORAGE, noun [French afforer, to value. See Affeer.]

In France, a duty paid to the lord of a district, for permission to sell wine or other liquors, within his seignory.

Encyc.

Afforcement

AFFO'RCEMENT, noun [ad and force.]

In old charters, a fortress; a fortification for defense. Obs.

Cyc.

Afford

AFFO'RD, verb transitive [ad and the root of forth, further; German f:ordern, to further or promote; Dutch voorderen; Danish befordrer, to further. The sense is to send forth. But I have not found this precise word in the exact sense of the English, in any other language.]

1. To yield or produce as fruit, profit, issues, or result. Thus, the earth affords grain; a well affords water; trade affords profit; distilled liquors afford spirit.

2. To yield, grant or confer; as, a good life affords consolation in old age.

3. To be able to grant or sell with profit or without loss; as, A can afford wine at a less price than B.

4. To be able to expend without injury to one's estate; as, a man can afford a sum yearly in charity; or be able to bear expenses, or the price of the thing purchased; as, one man can afford to buy a farm, which another cannot.

5. To be able without loss or with profit.

The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits.

Hamilton.

Afforded

AFFO'RDED, participle passive Yielded as fruit, produce or result; sold without loss or with profit.

Affording

AFFO'RDING, participle of the present tense Yielding; producing; selling without loss; bearing expenses.

Afforest

AFFOR'EST, verb transitive [ad and forest.]

To convert ground into forest, as was done by the first Norman kings in England, for the purpose of affording them the pleasures of the chase.

Afforestation

AFFORESTA'TION, noun The act of turning ground into forest or wood land.

Blackstone.

Afforested

AFFOR'ESTED, participle passive Converted into forest.

Afforesting

AFFOR'ESTING, participle of the present tense Converting into forest.

Affranchisement

AFFRAN'CHISEMENT, noun [See Franchise and Disfranchise.]

The act of making free, or liberating from dependence or servitude. [Little used.]

Affrap

AFFRAP', verb transitive [French frapper, to strike; rap.]

To strike. Obs.

Spenser.

Affray

AFFRA'Y, or AFFRA'YMENT, noun [French effrayer, to frighten; effroi. terror; Armoric effreyza, effrey.]

1. In law, the fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray.

Blackstone.

2. In popular language, fray is used to express any fighting of two or more persons; but the word is now deemed inelegant.

3. Tumult; disturbance.

Spenser.

Affreight

AFFREIGHT', v. t. affra'te. [See Freight.]

To hire a ship for the transportation of goods or freight.

Commerce.

Affreighted

AFFREIGHT'ED, participle passive Hired for transporting goods.

Affreighter

AFFREIGHT'ER, noun The person who hires or charters a ship or other vessel to convey goods.

Walsh, Am. Rev.

Affreightment

AFFREIGHT'MENT, noun The act of hiring a ship for the transportation of goods.

American Review, App.

Affret

AFFRET', noun [Italian affrettare, to hasten.]

A furious onset, or attack. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Affriction

AFFRIC'TION, noun The act of rubbing. [Not used.] [See Friction.]

Boyle.

Affriended

AFFRIENDED, a. affrend'ed. Made friends; reconciled. Obs.

Spenser.

Affright

AFFRI'GHT, v. t. affri'te. [Saxon frihtan. See Fright.]

To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to terrify or alarm. It expresses a stronger impression than fear or apprehend, and perhaps less than terror.

Affright

AFFRI'GHT, noun Sudden or great fear; terror; also, the cause of terror; a frightful object.

Affrighted

AFFRI'GHTED, participle passive Suddenly alarmed with fear; terrified; followed by at or with, more generally by at; as, affrighted at the cry of fire.

Affrighter

AFFRI'GHTER, noun One who frightens.

Affrightful

AFFRI'GHTFUL, adjective Terrifying; terrible; that may excite great fear; dreadful.

Affrighting

AFFRI'GHTING, participle of the present tense Impressing sudden fear; terrifying.

Affrightment

AFFRI'GHTMENT, noun Affright; terror; the state of being frightened. [Rarely used.]

[In common discourse, the use of this word, in all its forms, is superseded by fright, frighted, frightful.]

Affront

AFFRONT, verb transitive [French affronter, to encounter face to face, of ad and Latin frons, front, face.]

1. Literally, to meet or encounter face to face, in a good or bad sense; as,

The seditious affronted the king's forces.

Hayward. Milton. Shak.

[The foregoing sense is obsolete.]

2. To offer abuse to the face; to insult, dare or brave openly; to offer abuse or insult in any manner, by words or actions; as, to affront one by giving him the lie.

3. To abuse, or give cause of offense to, without being present with the person; to make slightly angry; a popular use of the word.

Affront

AFFRONT', noun Opposition to the face; open defiance; encounter. Obs.

2. Ill treatment; abuse; any thing reproachful or contemptuous, that excites or justifies resentment, as foul language, or personal abuse. It usually expresses a less degree of abuse than insult.

3. Shame; disgrace. [Not usual.]

Arbuthnot.

4. In popular language, slight resentment; displeasure.

Affronted

AFFRONT'ED, participle passive Opposed face to face; dared; defied; abused.

2. In popular language, offended; slightly angry at ill treatment, by words or actions; displeased.

Affrontee

AFFRONTEE', adjective In heraldry, front to front; an epithet given to animals that face each other.

Ash.

Affronter

AFFRONT'ER, noun One that affronts.

Affronting

AFFRONT'ING, participle of the present tense Opposing face to face; defying; abusing; offering abuse, or any cause of displeasure.

Affronting

AFFRONT'ING, adjective Contumelious; abusive.

Affrontive

AFFRONT'IVE, adjective Giving offense; tending to offend; abusive.

Affrontiveness

AFFRONT'IVENESS, noun The quality that gives offense. [Little used.]

Affuse

AFFU'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin affundo, affusum, ad and fundo, to pour out. See Fuse.]

To pour upon; to sprinkle, as with a liquid.

Affused

AFFU'SED, participle passive Sprinkled with a liquid; sprinkled on; having a liquid poured upon.

Affusing

AFFU'SING, participle of the present tense Pouring upon, or sprinkling.

Affusion

AFFU'SION, n. affu'zhun. The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid substance, as water upon a diseased body, or upon a child in baptism.

Affy

AFFY', verb transitive [French affier.] To betroth; to bind or join. [Not used.]

Affy

AFFY', verb transitive To trust or confide in. [Not used.]

Afield

AFIE'LD, adverb [a and field.]

To the field.

Milton.

Afire

AFI'RE, adverb On fire.

Gower.

Aflat

AFLAT', adverb [a and flat.] Level with the ground.

Bacon.

Afloat

AFLO'AT, adverb or adjective [a and float.]

1. Borne on the water; floating; swimming; as, the ship is afloat.

2. Figuratively, moving; passing from place to place; as, a rumor is afloat.

3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; as, our affairs are all afloat. [As an adjective, this word always follows the noun.]

Afoot

AFOOT', adverb [a or on and foot.] On foot; borne by the feet; opposed to riding.

2. In action; in a state of being planned for execution; as, a design is afoot, or on foot.

Afore

AFO'RE, adverb or prep. [a and fore.] In front.

2. Between one object and another, so as to intercept a direct view or intercourse; as, to stand between a person and the light of a candleÃ‚--a popular use of the word.

3. Prior in time; before; anterior; prior time being considered as in front of subsequent time.

The grass which withereth afore it groweth up. Psalm 129.

In all these senses it is now inelegant, and superseded by before.

4. In seaman's language, toward the head of the ship; further forward, or nearer the stem; as, afore the windlas. Afore the mast, is a phrase which is applied to a common sailor, one who does duty on the main deck, or has no office on board the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Aforegoing

AFO'REGOING, adjective Going before. [See Foregoing, which is chiefly used.]

Aforehand

AFO'REHAND, adverb [afore and hand.]

In time previous; by previous provision; as, he is ready aforehand.

She is come aforehand to anoint my body.

Mark 14.

2. adjective Prepared; previously provided; as, to be aforehand in business. Hence in popular language, amply provided; well supplied with the means of living; having means beyond the requirements of necessity; moderately wealthy. This word is popularly changed into aforehanded, beforehanded, or rather forehanded; as, a forehanded farmer.

Aforementioned

AFO'REMENTIONED, adjective [afore and mention.]

Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse.

Addison.

Aforenamed

AFO'RENAMED, adjective [afore and name.]

Named before.

Peacham.

Aforesaid

AFO'RESAID, adjective [afore and say.]

Said or recited before, or in a preceding part.

Aforetime

AFO'RETIME, adverb [afore and time.]

In time past; in a former time.

Bible.

Afoul

AFOUL', adverb or adjective [a and foul.]

Not free; entangled.

Columbiad

Afraid

AFRA'ID, adjective [The participle of affray.]

Impressed with fear or apprehension; fearful. This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear; as, to be afraid of death.

Joseph was afraid to sin against God.

Afresh

AFRESH', adverb [a and fresh.]

Anew; again; recently; after intermission.

They crucify the son of God afresh.

Hebrews 6.

Africa

AF'RICA, noun [Qu. Latin a neg. and frigus, cold.]

One of the four quarters or largest divisions of the globe; a continent separated from Europe by the Mediterranean sea.

Afric

AF'RIC, or AF'RICAN, adjective Pertaining to Africa.

African

AF'RICAN, noun A native of Africa.

This name is given also to the African marygold.

Tate's Cowley.

Afront

AFRONT', adverb In front.

Shak.

Aft

`AFT, adjective or adverb [Saxon oeft, eft, after, behind.]

In seaman's language, a word used to denote the stern or what pertains to the stern of a ship; as, the aft part of the ship; haul aft the main sheet, that is, further towards the stern. Fore and aft is the whole length of a ship. Right aft is in a direct line with the stern.

Mar. Dict.

After

`AFTER, adjective [The comparative degree of aft. But in some Teutonic dialects it is written with g; Dutch agter; Danish agters. The corresponds with the Saxon oefter, Swedish efter, Gothic aftaro, Danish efter.]

1. In marine language, more aft, or towards the stern of the ship; as, the after sails; after hatchway.

2. In common language, later in time; as, an after period of life.

Marshall.

In this sense, the word is often combined with the following noun; as in afternoon.

After

AFTER, preposition Behind in place; as, men placed in a line one after another.

2. Later in time; as, after supper. This word often precedes a sentence, as a governing preposition.

After I have arisen, I will go before you into Galilee. Matthew 26.

3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind, following; in search of.

After whom is the king of Israel come out?

1 Samuel 24.

Ve shall not go after other Gods. Deuteronomy 6.

4. In imitation of; as, to make a thing after a model.

5. According to; as, consider a thing after its intrinsic value.

Bacon.

6. According to the direction and influence of.

To walk after the flesh; to live after the flesh.

Romans 8.

To judge after the sight of the eye. Isaiah 11.

To inquire after is to seek by asking; to ask concerning.

To follow after, in scripture, is to pursue, or imitate; to serve, or worship.

After

AFTER, adverb Posterior; later in time; as, it was about the space of three hours after. In this sense, the word, however, is really a preposition, the object being understood; about three hours after the time or fact before specified.

After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its genuine signification. Some of the following words are of this kind, but in some of them after seems rather to be a separate word.

After-Account

`AFTER-ACCOUNT, noun A subsequent reckoning.

Killingbeck.

After-Act

`AFTER-ACT, noun A subsequent act.

After-Ages

`AFTER-AGES, noun Later ages; succeeding times. After-age, in the singular, is not improper.

Addison.

After All

`AFTER ALL is a phrase, signifying, when all has been considered, said or done; at last; in the final result.

Pope.

After-Band

`AFTER-BAND, noun A future band.

Milton.

After-Birth

`AFTER-BIRTH, noun The appendages of the fetus, called also.

Wiseman.

After-Clap

`AFTER-CLAP, noun An unexpected, subsequent event; something happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end.

Hubbard.

After-Comer

`AFTER-COMER, noun A successor.

After-Comfort

`AFTER-COMFORT, noun Future comfort.

Jonson.

After-Conduct

`AFTER-CONDUCT, noun Subsequent behavior.

Sherlock.

After-Conviction

`AFTER-CONVIC'TION, noun Future conviction.

South.

After-Cost

`AFTER-COST, noun Later cost; expense after the execution of the main design.

Mortimer.

After-Course

`AFTER-COURSE, noun Future course.

Brown.

After-Crop

`AFTER-CROP, noun The second crop in the same year.

Mortimer.

After-Days

`AFTER-DAYS, noun Future days.

Congreve.

After-Eatage

`AFTER-EATAGE, noun Part of the increase of the same year. [Local.]

Burn.

After-Endeavor

`AFTER-ENDEAV'OR, noun An endeavor after the first or former effort.

Locke.

After-Game

`AFTER-GAME, noun A subsequent scheme, or expedient.

Wotton.

After-Guard

`AFTER-GUARD, noun The seaman stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after sails.

Mar. Dict.

After-Hope

`AFTER-HOPE, noun Future hope.

Jonson.

After-Hours

`AFTER-HOURS, noun Hours that follow; time following.

Shak.

After-Ignorance

`AFTER-IGNORANCE, noun Subsequent ignorance.

Stafford.

After-King

`AFTER-KING, noun A succeeding king.

Shuckford.

After-Life

`AFTER-LIFE, noun Future life or the life after this.

Dryden. Butler.

2. A later period of life; subsequent life.

After-Liver

`AFTER-LIVER, noun One who lives in succeeding times.

Sidney.

After-Love

`AFTER-LOVE, noun The second or later love.

Shak.

After-Malice

`AFTER-MALICE, noun Succeeding malice.

Dryden.

After-Math

`AFTER-MATH, noun [after and math. See Mow.]

A second crop of grass, in the same season; rowen.

Holland.

After-Most

`AFTER-MOST, a. Superl. In marine language, nearest the stern, opposed to foremost; also hindmost.

After-Noon

`AFTER-NOON', noun The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.

Dryden.

After-Pains

`AFTER-PAINS, noun The pains which succeed child birth.

After-Part

`AFTER-PART, noun The latter part. In marine language, the part of a ship towards the stern.

Mar. Dic.

After-Piece

`AFTER-PIECE, noun A piece performed after a play; a farce or other entertainment.

Cumberland.

After-Proof

`AFTER-PROOF, noun Subsequent proof or evidence; qualities known by subsequent experience.

Wotton.

After-Repentance

`AFTER-REPENT'ANCE, noun Subsequent repentance.

South.

After-Report

`AFTER-REPORT, noun Subsequent report, or information.

South.

After-Sails

`AFTER-SAILS, noun The sails on the mizenmast and stays, between the main and mizen-masts.

Mar. Dict.

After-State

`AFTER-STATE, noun The future state.

Glanville.

After-Sting

`AFTER-STING, noun Subsequent sting.

Herbert.

After-Storm

`AFTER-STORM, noun A succeeding cr future storm.

Dryden.

After-Supper

`AFTER-SUPPER, noun The time between supper and going to bed.

Shak.

After-Swarm

`AFTER-SWARM, noun A swarm of bees which leaves the hive after the first.

After-Taste

`AFTER-TASTE, noun A taste which succeeds eating and drinking.

After-Thought

`AFTER-THOUGHT, noun [See Thought.] Reflections after an act; later thought, or expedient occurring too late.

Dryden.

After-Times

`AFTER-TIMES, noun Succeeding times. It may be used in the singular.

Dryden.

After-Tossing

`AFTER-TOSSING, noun The swell or agitation of the sea after a storm.

Addison.

Afterward

`AFTERWARD, or `AFTERWARDS, adverb [See Ward.] In later or subsequent time.

Hooker.

After-Wise

`AFTER-WISE, adjective Wise afterwards or too late.

Addison.

After-Wit

`AFTER-WIT, noun Subsequent wit; wisdom that comes too late.

L'Estrange.

After-Wrath

`AFTER-WRATH, noun Later wrath; anger after the provocation has ceased.

Shak.

After-Writer

`AFTER-WRITER, noun A succeeding writer.

Shuckford.

Aga

AGA, noun [Persian and ak and aka, lord, dominus, herus; also sir, a title of respect; Tart. aha. Qu. the och in Beloch, and ak in Balak.]

In the Turkish dominions, a commander or chief officer. The title is given to various chief officers, whether civil or military. It is also given to great land holders, and to the eunuchs of the Sultan's seraglio.

Encyc.

Again

AGAIN, adv. agen'. [Saxon gean, agen, agean, ongean; Dutch with a different prefix, tegen; German dagegen, gegen; Swedish igen; Danish igien; qu. Latin con, whence contra; Irish coinne, opposite, a meeting. Hence Saxon togeanes, togegnes, against; but placed after its object; as, "hi comen heom togeanes," they come them against. Dutch tegens, against; jegens, towards; German entgegen, dagegen, against; begegnen, to meet or encounter. The primary sense is to turn, or to meet in front; or the name of the face, front or forepart. So in Danish and Swedish mod, imod, emot, against, is our word meet.]

1. A second time; once more.

I will not again curse the ground. Genesis 8.

2. It notes something further, or additional to one or more particulars.

For to which of the angels said he at any time, thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee? and again, I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son? and again, let all the angels of God worship him. Hebrews i.

All the uses of this word carry in them the ideas of return or repetition; as in these phrases; give it back again; give him as much again, that is, the same quantity once more or repeated.

There is not, in the world again, such a commerce as in London.

Who art thou that answerest again?

Bring us word again.

Again and again, often; with frequent repetition.

Against

AGAINST, prep. agenst'. [Saxon togeanes. See Again.]

1. In opposition; noting enmity or disapprobation.

His hand will be against every man.

Genesis 16.

I am against your pillows. Ez. 13.

2. In opposition, noting contrariety, contradiction, or repugnance; as, a decree against law, reason or public opinion.

3. In opposition, noting competition, or different sides or parties; as, there are twenty votes in the affirmative against ten in the negative.

4. In an opposite direction; as, to ride against the wind.

5. Opposite in place; abreast; as, a ship is against the mouth of a river. In this sense it is often preceded by over.

Aaron lighted the lamps over against the candlesticks. Numbers 8.

6. In opposition, noting adversity, injury, or contrariety to wishes; as, this change of measures is against us.

7. Bearing upon; as, one leans against a wall.

8. In provision for; in preparation for.

Urijah made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus. 2 Kings 16.

In this sense against is a preposition, with the following part of the sentence for an object. See After, prep. def. 2.

In short, the sense of this word is opposition, variously modified according to its application to different objects.

Agalloch

AG'ALLOCH, or AGAL'LOCHUM, noun [Of oriental origin.]

Aloes-wood, the product of a tree growing in China, and some of the Indian isles. There are three varieties, the calambac, the common lignum aloes, and the calambour. The first variety is light and porous, and so filled with a fragrant resin, that it may be molded by the fingers; the second is denser and less resinous; and the third is the aloes-wood used by cabinet makers and inlayers.

Encyc.

Agalmatolite

AGALMAT'OLITE, noun [Greek, image, and, stone.]

A name given by Klaproth to two varieties of the pierre de lard, lard stone, of China. It contains no magnesia, but otherwise has the characters of talck. It is called in German, bildstein, figure-stone, and by Brongniart, steatite pagodite.

Cyc. Ure.

Agape

AG'APE, adverb or adjective [a and gape. See Gape.]

Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention; having the mouth wide open.

Milton.

Agape

AG'APE, n. ag'apy. [Greek, love.]

Among the primitive christians, a love feast or feast of charity, held before or after the communion, when contributions were made for the poor. This feast was held at first without scandal, but afterwards being abused, it was condemned at the council of Carthage, A. Dutch 397.

Encyc.

Agaric

AG'ARIC, noun [Greek. Qu. from Agaria, in Sarmatia. Dioscorides.]

In botany, mushroom, a genus of funguses, containing numerous species. Mushrooms grow on trees, or spring from the earth; of the latter species some are valued as articles of food; others are poisonous. The name was originally given to a fungus growing on the larch. This species is now frequent in the shops, and distinguished by the name of female agaric. From this fungus is extracted a turpentine, of which three fourths of its weight is a resinous substance; the rest, a slimy, mucilaginous, earthy matter, tenacious and almost insoluble in water. It is used in dyeing, but is little esteemed in medicine.

Theoph. Macquer. Quincy.

The Agaric of the oak is called touch-wood, from its readiness to take fire. Boletus Igniarius, Linne.

Agaric mineral, a calcarious earth, or carbonate of lime, resembling a fungus in color and texture; found in fissures of rocks, and on the roofs of caverns. It is sometimes used as an astringent in fluxes, and a styptic in hemorrhages. It occurs in a loose semi-indurated form, white or whitish red, or yellow, light and friable. Kirwan mentions three varieties.

Agast

AG'AST or AGH'AST, adjective [Qu., a contraction of agazed, or Gothic agis, Saxon egesa, horror. See Aghast and Gaze.]

Struck with terror, or astonishment; amazed; struck silent with horror.

With shuddering horror pale and eyes agast.

Milton.

Agate

AGA'TE, adverb [a and gate.]

On the way; going. Obs.

Gower.

Agate

AG'ATE, noun [French agate; Latin achates, gagates; Greek; so called, says Pliny, 37, 10, because found near a river of that name in Sicily. So also Solinus and Isidore. But Bochart, with more probability, deduces it from the Punic and Hebrew, and with a different prefix, spotted. The word is used, Genesis 30 and 31., to describe the speckled and spotted cattle of Laban and Jacob.]

A class of siliceous, semi-pellucid gems of many varieties, consisting of quartz-crystal, flint, horn-stone, chalcedony, amethyst, jasper, cornelian, heliotrope, and jade, in various combinations, variegated with dots, zones, filaments, ramifications, arborizations, and various figures. Agates seem to have been formed by successive layers of siliceous earth, on the sides of cavities which they now fill entirely or in part. They are esteemed the least valuable of the precious stones. Even in Pliny's time, they were in little estimation. They are found in rocks, in the form of fragments, in nodules, in small rounded lumps, rarely in stalactites. Their colors are various. They are used for rings, seals, cups, beads, boxes and handles of small utensils.

Kirwan. Encyc. Cleaveland.

Agate

AG'ATE, noun An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so called from the agate in the middle of it.

Agatine

AG'ATINE, adjective Pertaining to agate.

Agatine

AG'ATINE, noun A genus of shells, oval or oblong.

Agatized

AG'ATIZED, adjective Having the colored lines and figures of agate.

Fourcroy.

Agatized wood, a substance apparently produced by the petrifaction of wood; a species of hornstone.

Werner.

Agaty

AG'ATY, adjective Of the nature of agate.

Woodward.

Agave

AGA'VE, noun [Greek, admirable.]

1. The American aloe. The great aloe rises twenty feet, and its branches form a sort of pyramid at the top.

Encyc.

2. A genus of univalvular shells.

Agaze

AGA'ZE, verb transitive [from gaze.] To strike with amazement. Obs.

Spenser.

Agazed

AGA'ZED, participle passive Struck with amazement. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Age

AGE, noun [French age; Armoric oage; deduced by Lunier from Latin oetas, or oevum. But these are undoubtedly contracted words, Gothic aiw; Dutch eeuw; Greek; from the Celtic, Welsh haug, fullness, completeness, an age, a space of time; plu. hogion; the g being sunk in the Latin words; in the Sanscrit, yuga.]

1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; as, the usual age of man is seventy years; the age of a horse may be twenty or thirty years; the age of a tree may be four hundred years.

2. That part of the duration of a being, which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth?

Jesus began to be about thirty years of age. Luke 3.

3. The latter part of life, or long continued duration; oldness.

The eyes of Israel were dim for age. Genesis 48.

4. A certain period of human life, marked by a difference of state; as, life is divided into four stages or ages, infancy, youth, manhood, and old age; the age of youth; the age of manhood.

5. The period when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for himself, or when he ceases to be controlled by parents or guardians; as, in our country, both males and females are of age at twenty-one years old.

6. Mature years; ripeness of strength or discretion.

He is of age, ask him. John 9.

7. The time of life for conceiving children, or perhaps the usual time of such an event.

Sarah was delivered of a son when she was past age. Hebrews 11.

8. A particular period of time, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of iron, the age of heroes or of chivalry.

9. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation and a succession of generations; as, ages yet unborn.

The mystery hid from ages. Colossians 1.

10. A century; the period of one hundred years.

Aged

A'GED, adjective Old; having lived long; having lived almost the usual time allotted to that species of being; applied to animals or plants; as, an aged man, or an aged oak.

2. Having a certain age; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.

Aged

A'GED, noun Old persons.

And the aged arose and stood up. Job 29.

Agen

AGEN', for again. Obs.

Agency

A'GENCY, noun [Latin agens. See Act.]

1. The quality of moving or of exerting power; the state of being in action; action; operation; instrumentality; as, the agency of providence in the natural world.

2. The office of an agent, or factor; business of an agent entrusted with the concerns of another; as, the principal pays the charges of agency.

Agenda

AGEND'A, noun [Latin things to be done.]

A memorandum-book; the service or office of a church; a ritual or liturgy.

Encyc.

Agent

A'GENT, adjective Acting; opposed to patient, or sustaining action; as, the body agent. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Agent

A'GENT, noun An actor; one that exerts power, or has the power to act; as, a moral agent.

2. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; as, heat is a powerful agent.

3. A substitute, deputy, or factor; one entrusted with the business of another; an attorney; a minister.

Agentship

A'GENTSHIP, noun The office of an agent. [Not used.] We now use agency.

Aggelation

AGGELA'TION, noun [Latin gelu.] Concretion of a fluid. [Not used.]

Brown.

Aggeneration

AGGENERA'TION, noun [Latin ad and generatio.] The state of growing to another. [Not used.]

Brown.

Agger

AG'GER, noun [Latin] A fortress, or mound. [Not used.]

Hearne.

Aggerate

AG'GERATE, verb transitive [Latin aggero.] To heap. [Not used.]

Aggeration

AGGERA'TION, noun A heaping; accumulation; as, "aggerations of sand."

Ray.

Agglomerate

AGGLOM'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin agglomero, ad and glomero, to wind into a ball, from glomus, a ball of yarn; from the Hebrew, to involve; Qu. Arabic to go round in a circle, to be round, to collect, or condense.]

To wind, or collect into a ball; to gather into a mass.

Young.

Agglomerate

AGGLOM'ERATE, verb intransitive To gather, grow or collect into a ball or mass.

Thomson.

Agglomerated

AGGLOM'ERATED, participle passive Wound or collected into a ball.

Agglomerating

AGGLOM'ERATING, participle of the present tense Winding into a ball; gathering into a lump.

Agglomeration

AGGLOMERA'TION, noun The act of winding into a ball; the state of being gathered into a ball or mass.

Agglutinant

AGGLU'TINANT, noun Any viscous substance which unites other substances, by causing an adhesion; any application which tends to unite parts which have too little adhesion.

Coxe.

Agglutinant

AGGLU'TINANT, adjective Uniting as glue; tending to cause adhesion.

Agglutinate

AGGLU'TINATE, verb transitive [Latin agglutino, ad and glutino, from gluten; glue; French glu; Armoric glud; Welsh glyd. See Glue.]

To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.

Agglutinated

AGGLU'TINATED, participle passive Glued together; united by a viscous substance.

Agglutinating

AGGLU'TINATING, participle of the present tense Gluing together; uniting by causing adhesion.

Agglutination

AGGLUTINA'TION, noun The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united.

Agglutinative

AGGLU'TINATIVE, adjective That tends to unite, or has power to cause adhesion.

Aggrace

AGGRA'CE, verb transitive To favor. [Not used.]

Spenser. Wiseman.

Aggrace

AGGRA'CE, noun Kindness; favor. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Aggrandization

AGGRANDIZA'TION, noun The act of aggrandizing. [Not used.]

Waterhouse.

Aggrandize

AG'GRANDIZE, verb transitive [French agrandir, of Latin ad and grandis. See Grand.]

1. To make great or greater in power, rank or honor; to exalt; as, to aggrandize a family.

2. To enlarge, applied to things; as, to aggrandize our conceptions. It seems to be never applied to the bulk or dimensions of material bodies.

Aggrandized

AG'GRANDIZED, participle passive Made great or greater; exalted; enlarged.

Aggrandizement

AGGRAND'IZEMENT, noun The act of aggrandizing; the state of being exalted in power, rank or honor; exaltation; enlargement.

The Emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own family.

Aggrandizer

AG'GRANDIZER, noun One that aggrandizes or exalts in power, rank or honor.

Aggrandizing

AG'GRANDIZING, participle of the present tense Making great; exalting; enlarging.

Aggrate

AGGRA'TE, verb transitive [Italian] To please. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Aggravate

AG'GRAVATE, verb transitive [Latin aggravo, of ad and gravis, heavy. See Grave, Gravity.]

1. To make heavy, but not used in this literal sense. Figuratively, to make worse, more severe, or less tolerable; as, to aggravate the evils of life; to aggravate pain or punishment.

2. To make more enormous, or less excusable; as, to aggravate a crime.

3. To exaggerate.

4. To give coloring in description; to give an exaggerated representation; as, to aggravate a charge against an offender; to aggravate circumstances.

Guthrie, Quint. Paley.

Actions and motives maliciously aggravated.

Washington's Life.

The propriety of the word in the latter passage is questionable. Aggravate is generally used in reference to evils, or something improper or unnatural.

Aggravated

AG'GRAVATED, participle passive Increased in severity or enormity; made worse; exaggerated.

Aggravating

AG'GRAVATING, participle of the present tense Increasing in severity, enormity, or degree, as evils, misfortunes, pain, punishment, crimes, guilt, &c.; exaggerating.

Aggravation

AGGRAVA'TION, noun The act of making worse, used of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing severity or hainousness; addition to that which is evil or improper; as, an aggravation of pain or grief.

2. Exaggerated representation, or heightened description of any thing wrong, improper, or unnatural; as, an aggravation of features in a caricature.

Paley. Addison.

Aggregate

AG'GREGATE, verb transitive [Latin aggrego, to collect in troops; of ad and grex, a herd or band. See Gregarious.]

To bring together; to collect particulars into a sum, mass or body.

Aggregate

AG'GREGATE, adjective Formed by a collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum; as, the aggregate amount of charges.

Aggregate flowers, in botany, are such as are composed of florets united by means of the receptacle or calyx.

Milne.

Aggregate corporation, in law, is one which consists of two or more persons united, whose existence is preserved by a succession of new members.

Blackstone.

Aggregate

AG'GREGATE, noun A sum, mass or assemblage of particulars; as, a house is an aggregate of stones, bricks, timber, &c. It differs from a compund in this, that the particulars of an aggregate are less intimately mixed than in a compound.

Aggregated

AG'GREGATED, participle passive Collected into a sum, mass or system.

Aggregately

AG'GREGATELY, adverb Collectively; taken in a sum or mass.

Aggregating

AG'GREGATING, participle of the present tense Collecting into a sum or mass.

Aggregation

AGGREGA'TION, noun The act of aggregating; the state of being collected into a sum or mass; a collection of particulars; an aggregate.

2. In chimistry, the affinity of aggregation, is the power which causes homogeneous bodies to tend towards each other, and to cohere, when united. The aggregate, in this case, differs from a heap, whose parts do not cohere; and from a mixture, which consists of parts dissimilar in their nature. The word is used of solid, fluid, or aeriform bodies.

3. The union and coherence of bodies of the same nature.

Aggregative

AG'GREGATIVE, adjective Taken together; collective.

Aggregator

AG'GREGATOR, noun He that collects into a whole or mass.

Burton.

Aggress

AGGRESS', verb intransitive [Latin aggredior, aggressus, of ad and gradior, to go. See Grade.]

To make a first attack; to commit the first act of hostility or offense; to begin a quarrel or controversy; to assault first or invade.

Prior.

Aggressing

AGGRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Commencing hostility first; making the first attack.

Aggression

AGGRESS'ION, noun The first attack, or act of hostility; the first act of injury, or first act leading to war or controversy.

L'Estrange.

Aggressive

AGGRESS'IVE, adjective Tending to aggress; making the first attack.

Clarkson.

Aggressor

AGGRESS'OR, noun The person who first attacks; he who first commences hostility or a quarrel; an assaulter; an invader.

Dryden.

The insolence of the aggressor is usually proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.

Ames.

Aggrievance

AGGRIE'VANCE, noun [See Aggrieve.]

Oppression; hardship; injury. But grievance is more generally used.

Aggrieve

AGGRIE'VE, verb transitive [of ad and grieve, from grief. Perhaps the word is borrowed directly from the Spanish agraviar, to injure; French grever. See Grief and Grave.]

To give pain or sorrow; to afflict. In this sense, it is nearly superseded by grieve.

2. To bear hard upon; to oppress or injure, in one's rights; to vex or harass by civil or political injustice.

Aggrieve

AGGRIE'VE, verb intransitive To mourn; to lament. [Not used. See Grieve.]

Aggrieved

AGGRIE'VED, participle passive Pained; afflicted; civilly or politically oppressed.

Aggrieving

AGGRIE'VING, participle of the present tense Afflicting; imposing hardships on; oppressing.

Aggroup

AGGROUP', or AGGROOP', verb transitive [Spanish agrupar; Italian aggruppare, aggroppare, to knot or bring together. See Group.]

To bring together; to group; to collect many persons in a crowd, or many figures into a whole, either in statuary, painting or description.

Encyc.

Aggrouped

AGGROUP'ED, or AGGROOP'ED, participle passive Collected into a group or assemblage.

Aghast

AGH'AST, or more correctly AGAST, a or adverb [Perhaps the participle of agaze; otherwise from the root of ghastly and ghost.]

Struck with amazement; stupified with sudden fright or horror.

Agile

AG'ILE, adjective [French agile; Latin agilis, from ago. See Act.]

Nimble; having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; brisk; active.

And bending forward, struck his agile heels.

Shak.

Agileness

AG'ILENESS, noun Nimbleness; activity; the faculty of moving the limbs quickly; agility.

Agility

AGIL'ITY, noun [Latin agilitas.]

The power of moving the limbs quickly; nimbleness; briskness; activity; quickness of motion.

Watts.

Agio

A'GIO, noun [Ital. aggio, surplus, difference.]

1. In commerce, the difference between bank notes and current coin. In Holland, the agio is three or four per cent.; in Rome, from fifteen to twenty-five per cent.; in Venice, twenty per cent.: but the agio is subject to variation.

Encyc.

2. Premium; sum given above the nominal value.

Lunier.

Agist

AGIST', verb transitive [If the primary sense is to lie, or to rest, this is from French gesir; Norm. agiser, to be levant and couchant, from giser, to lay or throw down; whence gist, cast; gistance, a casting. Class Gs. No. 18. If the primary signification is to feed, see Nos. 5, 6, 10, 12, and 56. Chaldee Class Gs.]

In law, to take the cattle of others to graze, at a certain sum; to feed or pasture the cattle of others; used originally for the feeding of cattle in the king's forest.

Cowel. Blackstone.

Agistment

AGIST'MENT, noun The taking and feeding other men's cattle in the king's forest, or on one's own land; also, the price paid for such feeding. It denotes also a burden, charge or tax. [In canon law, a modus, or composition. Johnson, Qu.]

Cowel. Blackstone. Encyc.

Agistor

AGIST'OR, or AGISTA'TOR, noun An officer of the king's forest, who has the care of cattle agisted, and collects the money for the same; hence called gist-taker, which in England is corrupted into guest-taker.

Encyc.

Agitable

AG'ITABLE, adjective [See Agitate.] That may be agitated, shaken or discussed.

Agitate

AG'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin agito, from ago. See Act.]

1. To stir violently; to move back and forth with a quick motion; to shake or move briskly; as, to agitate water in a vessel.

2. To move or force into violent irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea.

3. To disturb, or excite into tumult; as, to agitate the mind or passions.

4. To discuss; to debate; to controvert; as, to agitate a question.

5. To consider on all sides; to revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive by mental deliberation; as, politicians agitate desperate designs.

King Charles.

6. To move or actuate. [Not used.]

Blackmore.

Agitated

AG'ITATED, participle passive Tossed from side to side; shaken; moved violently and irregularly; disturbed; discussed; considered.

Agitating

AG'ITATING, participle of the present tense Shaking; moving with violence; disturbing; disputing; contriving.

Agitation

AGITA'TION, noun The act of shaking; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in agitation.

Bacon.

2. Disturbance of tranquility in the mind; perturbation; excitement of passion.

3. Discussion; examination of a subject in controversy.

L'Estrange.

4. A state of being deliberated upon, with a view to contrivance, or plan to be adopted; as, a scheme is in agitation.

Agitato

AGITA'TO, in music, denotes a broken style of performance, adapted to awaken surprise or perturbation.

Dict. of Music.

Agitator

AG'ITATOR, noun One who agitates; also, an insurgent; one who excites sedition or revolt. In antiquity, a chariotteer, that is, a driver. In Cromwell's time, certain officers appointed by the army to manage their concerns, were called agitators.

Hume.

Aglet

AG'LET, or A'IGLET, noun [French aiguillette, a point, from aiguille, a needle, from aigu, sharp. See Acid.]

1. A tag of a point curved into the representation of an animal, generally of a man; a small plate of metal.

2. In botany, a pendant at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the rose and tulip.

Aglet-Baby

AG'LET-BABY, noun A small image on the top of a lace.

Shak.

Agminal

AG'MINAL, adjective [Latin agmen, a troop or body of men arrayed, from ago.]

Pertaining to an army or troop. [Little used.]

Agnail

AG'NAIL, noun [ad and nail, or Saxon ange, pain, and nail. See Nail.]

A disease of the nail; a whitlow; an inflammation round the nail.

Bailey.

Agnate

AG'NATE, adjective [Latin agnatus.] Related or akin by the father's side.

Agnate

AG'NATE, noun [Latin agnatus, adnascor, of ad and nascor, to be born. See Nature.]

Any male relation by the father's side.

Encyc.

Agnatic

AGNAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors.

Blackstone.

Agnation

AGNA'TION, noun Relation by the father's side only, or descent in the male line, distinct from cognation, which includes descent in the male and female lines.

Agnel

AG'NEL, noun [From agnus, a lamb, the figure struck on the coin.]

An ancient French coin, value twelve sols, six deniers. It was called also mouton d'or and agnel d' or.

Encyc.

Agnition

AGNI'TION, noun [Latin agnitio, agnosco.]

Acknowledgment. [Little used.]

Pearson.

Agnize

AGNI'ZE, verb transitive To acknowledge. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Agnominate

AGNOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin agnomino; ad and nomino, nomen, name.]

To name. [Little used.]

Agnomination

AGNOMINA'TION, noun [Latin agnomen, a surname, of ad and nomen. See Name.]

1. An additional name, or title; a name added to another, as expressive of some act, achievement, &c.; a surname.

Camden. Encyc.

2. Allusion of one word to another by sound.

Agnus Castus

AGNUS CASTUS. A species of vitex, so called from the Greek, chaste, or from a negative, and, seed, from its imagined virtue of preserving chastity. The Athenian ladies reposed on the leaves of this plant at the feast of Ceres. The Latin Castus, chaste, now added to the name, forms a duplication of the sense.

Encyc.

Agnus Dei

AGNUS DEI. [Lamb of God.]

In the Romish Church, a cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, supporting the banner of the cross. It is supposed to possess great virtues in preserving those who carry it, in faith and from accidents, &c. Also a part of the mass in which these words are repeated by the priest.

Encyc.

Agnus Scythicus

AGNUS SCYTHICUS. [Scythian Lamb.]

A name applied to the roots of a species of fern, Aspidium Baromez, covered with brown wooly scales, and, in shape, resembling a lamb; found in Russia and Tartary.

Ago

AGO', adverb or adjective [Saxon agan, or geond, the participle of gan, to go; contracted from agone. See Go.]

Past; gone; as, a year ago.

Agog

AGOG' adverb [French agogo; vivre Ãƒ-  gogo, to live in clover.]

In a state of desire; highly excited by eagerness after an object.

The gaudy gossip when she's set agog.

Dryden.

Agoing

AGO'ING. [The participle of go, with the prefix a.]

In motion, as to set a mill agoing; or about to go; ready to go; as, he is agoing immediately. The latter use is vulgar.

Agon

A'GON, noun [Greek]

The contest for the prize. [Not used.]

Sancroft.

Agone

AGONE, pp. agawn', [See Ago and Gone.]

Ago; past; since. [Nearly Obs.]

Agonism

AG'ONISM, noun [Greek,]

Contention for a prize.

Dict.

Agonist

AG'ONIST, noun One who contends for the prize in public games. Milton has used Agonistes in this sense, and so called his tragedy, from the similitude of Sampson's exertions, in slaying the Philistines, to prize fighting. In church history, the disciples of Donatus are called agonistics.

Agonistic

AGONIST'IC, or AGONIST'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to prize-fighting, contents of strength, or athletic combats.

Enfield.

Agonistically

AGONIST'ICALLY, adverb In an agonistic manner; like prize-fighting.

Agonize

AG'ONIZE, verb transitive [Greek, to strive. See Agony.]

To writhe with extreme pain; to suffer violent anguish.

To smart and agonize at every pore.

Pope.

Agonize

AG'ONIZE, verb transitive To distress with extreme pain; to torture.

Pope.

Agonizing

AG'ONIZING, participle of the present tense Suffering severe pain; writhing with torture.

Agonizingly

AG'ONIZINGLY, adverb With extreme anguish.

Agony

AG'ONY, noun [Greek, a contest with bodily exertion; a word used to denote the athletic games, in Greece; whence, anguish, solicitude; from, Latin ago. In Irish agh, is a battle, conflict; Greek, to strive. See Act.]

1. In strictness, pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence,

2. Extreme pain of body or mind; anguish; appropriately, the pangs of death, and the sufferings of our Savior in the garden of Gethsemane. Luke 22.

3. Violent contest or striving.

More.

Agood

AGOOD', adverb In earnest. [Not used.]

Shak.

Agouty

AGOUTY, noun [Qu. Spanish agudo, sharp; Latin acutus.]

A quadruped of the order Rodentia; arranged by naturalists in the genus Cavia. It is of the size of a rabbit. The upper part of the body is brownish, with a mixture of red and black; the belly yellowish. Three varieties are mentioned, all peculiar to South America and the West Indies. It burrows in the ground, or in hollow trees, lives on vegetables; is voracious like a pig, and makes a similar grunting noise. It holds its meat in its fore paws, like a squirrel. When scared or angry, its hair is erect, and it strikes the ground with its hind feet. Its flesh is white and well tasted.

Encyc.

Agrarian

AGRA'RIAN, adjective [Latin agrarius, from ager, a field.]

Relating to lands. Appropriately, denoting or pertaining to an equal division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands equally among all the citizens, limiting the quantity which each might enjoy. Authors sometimes use the word as a noun; an agrarian, for agrarian law.

Burke.

An agrarian distribution of land or property, would make the rich, poor, but would not make the poor, rich.

Agree

AGREE', verb intransitive [French agrÃƒ-©er, from gre', will, accord. This is contracted from Spanish agradar, Portugese id, to please, to gratify, whence agradable, agreeable; from the root of Latin gratia, Welsh rhad, grace, favor, that comes freely. The primary sense is advancing, from the same root as Latin gradior; Welsh rhaz, [rhath]; Syriac; radah, to go.]

1. To be of one mind; to harmonize in opinion.

In the expediency of the law, all the parties agree.

2. To live in concord, or without contention; as, parents and children agree well together.

3. To yield assent; to approve or admit; followed by to; as, to agree to an offer, or to an opinion.

4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of parties being agreed, as to the terms; as,

Didst thou not agree with me for a penny a day? Matthew 20.

To agree on articles of partnership.

5. To come to a compromise of differences; to be reconciled.

Agree with thy adversary quickly. Matthew 5.

6. To come to one opinion or mind; to concur; as, to agree on a place of meeting.

This sense differs not essentially from the fourth, and it often implies a resolving to do an act. John 9.

7. To be consistent; to harmonize; not to contradict, or be repugnant.

Their witness agreed not together. Mark 14.

This story agrees with what has been related by others.

8. To resemble; to be similar; as, the picture does not agree with the original.

9. To suit; to be accommodated or adapted to; as, the same food does not agree with every constitution.

Agree

AGREE', verb transitive To admit, or come to one mind concerning; as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends; to put an end to variance; but these senses are unusual and hardly legitimate. Let the parties agree the fact, is really elliptical; let them agree on the fact.

Agreeability

AGREEABIL'ITY, noun Easiness of disposition. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Agreeable

AGREE'ABLE, adjective Suitable; conformable; correspondent; consistent with; as, the practice of virtue is agreeable to the law of God and our own nature.

2. In pursuance of; in conformity with; as, agreeable to the order of the day, the house took up the report of the committee. It is not correctly followed by with. In this sense, some writers use agreeably, for agreeable, but in violation of the true principles of construction; for the word is an adjective or attribute, in agreement with the last clause of the sentence. The house took up the report of a committee, (which taking up was) agreeable to the order of the day. The use of agreeably in this sentence would pervert the sense.

3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; as, agreeable manners; fruit agreeable to the taste.

Agreeableness

AGREE'ABLENESS, noun Suitableness; conformity; consistency; as, the agreeableness of virtue to the laws of God.

2. The quality of pleasing; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses; as, an agreeableness of manners; there is an agreeableness in the taste of certain fruits. This is the usual sense of the word.

3. Resemblance; likeness; with to or between; as,

The agreeableness between man and other parts of creation. Obs.

Grew.

Agreeably

AGREE'ABLY, adverb Pleasingly; in an agreeable manner; in a manner to give pleasure; as, to be agreeably entertained with a discourse.

2. Suitably; consistently; conformably;

The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, agreeably to the maxim above laid down.

Paley.

This is a gross error, proceeding from mistake. Agreeably signifies, in an agreeable manner; but this is not the sense, nor does the word modify the verb grow. The sense is, marriages grow less frequent, which [fact, or whole member of the sentence, or proposition] is agreeable to the maxim above laid down. This use of agreeably is common, but grossly erroneous.

3. Alike; in the same manner.

Both armed agreeably.

Obs. Spenser.

Agreed

AGREE'D, participle passive Being in concord or harmony of opinion; of one mind.

Can two walk together except they be agreed Amos 3.

2. Assented to; admitted; as, a proposition is agreed to.

3. Settled by consent; implying bargain or contract; as, the terms were agreed to, or agreed upon.

Agreeing

AGREE'ING, participle of the present tense Living in concord; concurring; assenting; settling by consent.

Agreeingly

AGREE'INGLY, adverb In conformity to. [Little used.]

Agreement

AGREE'MENT, noun Concord; harmony; conformity.

What agreement hath the temple of God with idols. 2 Corinthians 6.

2. Union of opinions or sentiments; as, a good agreement subsists among the members of the council.

3. Resemblance; conformity; similitude.

Expansion and duration have this farther agreement.

Locke.

4. Union of minds in regard to a transfer of interest; bargain; compact; contract; stipulation.

Make an agreement with me by a present. 2 Kings 18.

He made an agreement for the purchase of a house.

Agrestic

AGRES'TIC, or AGRES'TICAL, adjective [Latin agrestis; French agreste; from Latin ager, a field, or the same root.]

Rural; rustic; pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city; unpolished.

Gregory.

Agricultor

AG'RICULTOR, noun [Latin ager, a field, and cultor, a cultivator.]

One whose occupation is to till the ground; a farmer; a husbandman; one skilled in husbandry.

Agricultural

AGRICUL'TURAL, adjective Pertaining to husbandry, tillage, or the culture of the earth.

Agriculture

AG'RICULTURE, noun [Latin ager, a field, and cultura, cultivation. See Acre and Culture.]

In a general sense, the cultivation of the ground, for the purpose of producing vegetables, and fruits, for the use of man and beast; or the art of preparing the soil, sowing and planting seeds, dressing the plants, and removing the crops. In this sense, the word includes gardening, or horticulture, and also the raising and feeding of cattle, or stock. But in a more common and appropriate sense, it is used to signify that species of cultivation which is intended to raise grain and other crops for man and beast. It is equivalent to husbandry.

Agriculture is the most general occupation of man.

Agriculturism

AGRICUL'TURISM, noun The art or science of agriculture. [Little used.]

Agriculturist

AGRICUL'TURIST, noun One skilled in the art of cultivating the ground; a skilful husbandman.

Agrimony

AG'RIMONY, noun [Latin argemonia, from the Greek Thus it is written by Pliny. But in lower Latin it is written agrimonia. Said to be from Greek, the web or pearl of the eye, from, white, which this plant was supposed to cure. See Theoph. 887.]

A genus of plants, of several species. Of these, the eupatoria or common agrimony, and the odorata or sweet scented, are the most useful.

Encyc.

Agrippinians

AGRIPPIN'IANS, noun In Church history, the followers of Agrippinus, bishop of Carthage, in the third century, who first taught and defended the doctrine of rebaptization.

Encyc.

Agrise

AGR:ISE, verb intransitive [Saxon agrisan.]

To shiver. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Agrise

AGR:ISE, verb transitive To terrify; also, to make frightful. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Agrom

A'GROM, noun A disease frequent in Bengal, and other parts of the E. Indies, in which the tongue chaps and cleaves, becomes rough and sometimes covered with white spots. The remedy is some chalybeate liquor, or the juice of mint.

Encyc.

Agrostemma

AGROSTEM'MA, noun A genus of plants of several species, containing the common corn cockle, wild lychnis or campion, &c.

Agrostis

AGROS'TIS, noun [Greek.]

Bent grass; a genus of many species.

Aground

AGROUND', adverb [Of a, at or on, and ground.]

1. On the ground; a marine term, signifying that the bottom of a ship rests on the ground, for want of sufficient depth of water. When the ground is near the shore, the ship is said to be ashore or stranded.

2. Figuratively, stopped; impeded by insuperable obstacles.

Aguapecaca

AGUAPECA'CA, noun The Jacana, a Brazilian bird, about the size of a pigeon. In the extremity of each wing, it has a sharp prickle which is used for defense.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Ague

A'GUE, n. a'gu, [Saxon oege, oga, or hoga, fear, horror; Armoric hegea, to shake; Gothic agis, fear, agyan or ogan, to fear; Irish agh, fear, agha or aghaim, to fear. The radical idea is a shaking or shivering similar to that occasioned by terror.]

1. The cold fit which precedes a fever, or a paroxysm of fever in intermittents. It is accompanied with shivering.

2. Chilliness; a chill, or state of shaking with cold, though in health.

3. It is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan. In this case, the word, which signifies the preceding cold fit, is used for the disease.

Ague

A'GUE, verb transitive To cause a shivering in; to strike with a cold fit.

Haywood.

Ague-Cake

A'GUE-CAKE, noun A hard tumor on the left side of the belly, lower than the false ribs; supposed to be the effect of intermitting fevers.

Encyc.

Agued

A'GUED, adjective Chilly; having a fit of ague; shivering with cold or fear.

Shak.

Ague-Fit

A'GUE-FIT, noun A paroxysm of cold, or shivering; chilliness.

Ague-Proof

A'GUE-PROOF, noun Able to resist agues; proof against agues.

Aguerry

AGUER'RY, verb transitive [French aguerrir; from guerre, war.]

To inure to the hardships of war; to instruct in the art of war. [Not in use.]

Lyttleton.

Ague-Spell

A'GUE-SPELL, noun A charm or spell to cure or prevent ague.

Gay.

Ague-Struck

A'GUE-STRUCK, adjective Struck with ague.

Hewyt.

Ague-Tree

A'GUE-TREE, noun A name sometimes applied to sassafras, on account of its febrifuge qualities.

Encyc.

Aguise

AGUI'SE, verb transitive [See Guise.] To dress; to adorn. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Aguise

AGUI'SE, noun Dress. [Not in use.]

More.

Aguish

A'GUISH, adjective Chilly; somewhat cold or shivering; also, having the qualities of an ague.

Her aguish love now glows and burns.

Granville.

Aguishness

A'GUISHNESS, noun Chilliness; the quality of being aguish.

Aguillaneuf

AGUILLANEUF', noun [From a, to, gui, misleto, and l'an neuf, the new year.]

A form of rejoicing among the ancient Franks, on the first day of the year; derived from the druidical custom of cutting misleto, which was held sacred by the druids, and on the first day of the year, consecreating it by crying, aguillaneuf, the year to the misleto. This cry is said to be still observed in some parts of France; and the term came to signify also a begging of New Year's gifts.

Encyc.

Agul

A'GUL, noun A species of the hedysarum.

Ah

AH, An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c., according to the manner of utterance.

Aha

`AH`A. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or simple surprise; but the senses are distinguished by very different modes of utterance, and different modifications of features.

2. A sunk fence, not visible, without near approach.

Mason.

Ahaniger

AHAN'IGER, noun A name of the gar-fish.

Ahead

AHEAD, adv. Ahed', [a and head, or at head.]

1. Further forward than another thing; in front; originally a sea term, denoting further forward than another ship, or on the point to which the stem is directed, in opposition to astern.

Mar. Dict.

2. Onward; forward; towards the point before the stem or head; as, move ahead.

3. Headlong; without restraint; precipitantly; as, children suffered to run ahead. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Aheight

AHEI'GHT, adverb [a and height.]

Aloft; on high. [Not used.]

Shak.

Ahiccyatli

AHICCYAT'LI, noun A poisonous serpent of Mexico, somewhat resembling the rattlesnake, but destitute of rattles. Its poison is as fatal as that of any known species of serpent.

Encyc.

Ahigh

AHI'GH, adverb On high. [Not used.]

Ahold

AHO'LD, adverb Near the wind; as, to lay a ship ahold. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ahovai

AHOVAI, noun A trivial name synonymous with Cerbera, a very poisonous species of plum.

Ahoy

AHOY', Exclam. A sea term used in hailing.

Ahriman

AHRIMAN. [See Ariman.]

Ahuitla

AHUIT'LA, noun A worm found in the lake of Mexico, four inches in length, as thick as a goose-quill; the tail, which is hard and poisonous, contains a sting.

Clavigero.

Ahuitzote

AHUIT'ZOTE, noun An amphibious quadruped of the tropical climate of America, whose body is a foot long, its snout long and sharp, its skin of a mixed black and brown color.

Clavigero.

Aia

A'IA, noun A Brazilian fowl of the spoon-bill kind, and resembling that bird in form and size.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Aicurus

AICU'RUS, noun A large and beautiful species of parrot, found in Brazil; its head beautifully variegated with yellow, red and violet colors; its body green; the tips of its wings red, and its tail long and yellow.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Aid

AID, verb transitive [French aider, to help; Italian aiutare, which seems to be contracted from Latin adjuto. In Arabic or signifies to assist or strengthen, and and to help.

In Welsh, ced is a benefit, and the word was used to denote the aids of feudal tenants.]

To help; to assist; to support, either by furnishing strength or means to effect a purpose, or to prevent or remove evil.

Aid

AID, noun Help; succor; support; assistance.

Watts.

2. The person who aids or yields support; a helper; an auxiliary; also the thing that aids or yields succor.

3. In English law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament, and making a part of the king's revenue.

In France, aids are equivalent to customs, or duties on imports and exports.

Encyc.

4. In England, a tax paid by a tenant to his lord; originally a mere gift, which afterwards became a right demandable by the lord. The aids of this kind were chiefly three. 1. To ransom the lord when a prisoner. 2. To make the lord's eldest son a knight. 3. To marry the lord's eldest daughter.

Blackstone.

5. An aiddecamp, so called by abbreviation.

6. To pray in aid, in law, is to call in a person interested in a title, to assist in defending it. Thus a tenant for life may pray in the aid of him in remainder or reversion; that is, he may pray or petition that he may be joined in the suit to aid or help maintain the title. This act or petition is called aid-prayer.

Cowel. Blackstone.

Court of aids, in France, is a court which has cognizance of causes respecting duties or customs.

Encyc.

Aidance

A'IDANCE, noun Aid; help; assistance. [Little used.]

Shak.

Aidant

A'IDANT, adjective Helping; helpful; supplying aid. [Not used.]

Aiddecamp

A'IDDECAMP, noun plur. Aiddecamps. [French but naturalized, and here anglicized.]

In military affairs, an officer whose duty is to receive and communicate the orders of a general officer. [The pronunciation should be English, according to the orthography, not aid de cong.]

Aided

A'IDED, participle passive Assisted; supported; furnished with succor.

Aider

A'IDER, noun One who helps; an assistant, or auxiliary.

Aiding

A'IDING, participle of the present tense Helping; assisting.

Aidless

A'IDLESS, adjective Helpless; without aid; unsupported; undefended.

Shak.

Aigret

A'IGRET, AIGRETTE, noun In zoology, a name of the small white heron.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

2. In botany. [See Egret.]

Aigulet

A'IGULET, noun [French Usually contracted into aiglet, which see.]

A point or tag, as at the ends of fringes.

Aikraw

A'IKRAW, noun A popular name of a species of lichen, or moss.

Fam. of Plants.

Ail

AIL, verb transitive [Saxon eglian, to be troubled, to be irksome; egle, trouble, grief. In the Saxon, it is impersonal.]

To trouble; to affect with uneasiness, either of body or mind; used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man? I know not what ails him.

What aileth thee, Hagar? Genesis 21.

It is never used to express a specific disease. We never say, he ails a pleurisy; but it is usual to say, he ails something; he ails nothing; nothing ails him.

Ail

AIL, noun Indisposition, or morbid affection.

Ailing

A'ILING, participle of the present tense Diseased; indisposed; full of complaints.

Ailment

A'ILMENT, noun Disease; indisposition; morbid affection of the body; but the word is not applied ordinarily to acute diseases.

Aim

AIM, verb intransitive [Qu. Irish oigham, to eye. Skinner refers this word to the old French esmer. If this was the orthography, I know not its affinities.]

To point at, with a missive weapon; to direct the intention or purpose; to attempt to reach, or accomplish; to tend towards; to endeavor; followed by at before the object; as, a man aims at distinction; or aims to be rich.

Aim

AIM, verb transitive To direct or point as a weapon; to direct to a particular object; as, to aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow; to aim a satire or a reflection at some person or vice.

Aim

AIM, noun The pointing or direction of a missile weapon; the direction of any thing to a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it; as a spear, a blow, a discourse or remark.

2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be affected; as, a man missed his aim.

3. Figuratively, a purpose; intention; design; scheme; as, men are often disappointed of their aim.

4. Conjecture; guess.

It is impossible, by aim, to tell it. [Not used.]

Spenser on Ireland.

Aimed

A'IMED, participle passive Pointed; directed; intended to strike or affect.

Aimer

A'IMER, noun One that aims.

Aiming

A'IMING, participle of the present tense Pointing a weapon at an object; directing any thing to an object; intending; purposing.

Aimless

A'IMLESS, adjective Without aim.

May.

Air

AIR, noun [French air; Latin aer; Greek; Italian aria; Spanish ayre; Portugese ar; Armoric ear, eer; Irish aer; Welsh awyr; Chaldee; Syriac;; Ethiopic; Arabic. This word, in the Shemitic languages, falls under the root Hebrew and Chaldee, to shine. The radical sense is to open, expand; whence clear; or to flow, to shoot, to radiate.]

1. The fluid which we breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid, colorless, elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied, and condensed.

Atmospheric air is a compound fluid, consisting of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote; the proportion of each is stated by chimists differently; some experiments making the oxygen a twenty-eighth part of a hundred; others, not more than a twenty-third, or something less. The latter is probably the true proportion.

Oxygen gas is called vital air. The body of air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. The specific gravity of air is to that of water, nearly as 1 to 828. Air is necessary to life; being inhaled into the lungs, the oxygenous part is separated from the azotic, and it is supposed to furnish the body with heat and animation. It is the medium of sounds and necessary to combustion.

2. Air in motion; a light breeze.

Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play.

Pope.

3. Vent; utterance abroad; publication; publicity; as, a story has taken air.

You gave it air before me.

Dryden.

Wind is used in like manner.

4. A tune; a short song or piece of music adapted to words; also, the peculiar modulation of the notes, which gives music its character; as, a soft air. A song or piece of poetry for singing; also, the leading part of a tune, or that which is intended to exhibit the greatest variety of melody.

5. The peculiar look, appearance, manner or mien of a person; as, a heavy air; the air of youth; a graceful air; a lofty air. It is applied to manners or gestures, as well as to features.

6. Airs, in the plural, is used to denote an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness; as, when it is said of a person, he puts on airs. The word is used also to express the artificial motions or carriage of a horse.

7. In painting, that which expresses the life of action; manner; gesture; attitude.

8. Any thing light or uncertain; that is light as air.

Who builds his hope in air of your fair looks.

Qu. Obs.

Shak.

9. Advice; intelligence; information. Obs.

Bacon.

10. Different states of air are characterized by different epithets; as, good air, foul air, morning air, evening air; and sometimes airs may have been used for ill-scent or vapor, but the use is not legitimate.

To take the air, is to go abroad; to walk or ride a little distance.

To take air, is to be divulged; to be made public.

Air

AIR, verb transitive To expose to the air; to give access to the open air; to ventilate; as, to air clothes; to air a room.

2. To expose to heat; to warm; as, to air liquors.

3. To dry by a fire; to expel dampness; as, to air linen.

Aira

A'IRA, noun Hair grass, a genus of plants.

Air-Balloon

A'IR-BALLOON. [See Balloon.]

Air-Bladder

A'IR-BLADDER, noun A vesicle or cuticle filled with air; also, the bladder of a fish.

Arbuthnot.

Air-Born

A'IR-BORN, adjective Born of the air.

Congreve.

Air-Braving

A'IR-BRAVING, adjective Braving the winds.

Shak.

Air-Built

A'IR-BUILT, adjective Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as, an air-built castle; air-built hopes.

Air-Drawn

A'IR-DRAWN, adjective Drawn in air; imaginary.

Shak.

Aired

A'IRED, participle passive Exposed to air; cleansed by air; heated or dried by exposure to a fire; ventilated.

Airer

A'IRER, noun One who exposes to the air.

Air-Gun

A'IR-GUN, noun A pneumatic engine, resembling a musket, to discharge bullets by means of the elastic force of compressed air.

Encyc.

Air-Holder

A'IR-HOLDER, noun [Air and hold.]

An instrument for holding air, for the purpose of counteracting the pressure of a decreasing column of mercury.

Clayfield. Davy.

Air-Hole

A'IR-HOLE, noun An opening to admit or discharge air.

Airiness

A'IRINESS, noun Exposure to a free current of air; openness to the air; as, the airiness of a country seat.

2. Gayety; levity; as, the airiness of young persons.

Airing

A'IRING, participle of the present tense Exposing to the air; warming; drying.

Airing

A'IRING, noun An exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warming or drying; also, a walk or ride in the open air; a short excursion. The exercise of horses in the open air.

Air-Jacket

A'IR-JACKET, noun A leather jacket, to which are fastened bags or bladders filled with air, to render persons buoyant in swimming.

Encyc.

Airless

A'IRLESS, adjective Not open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with open air.

Airling

A'IRLING, noun A thoughtless, gay person.

Jonson.

Air-Pipe

A'IR-PIPE, noun A pipe used to draw foul air from a ship's hold, by means of a communication with the furnace, and the rare-faction of the air by fire. This pipe is intended to supply the combustion with the air of the hold, by preventing the access of other air to the fire.

Encyc.

Air-Poise

A'IR-POISE, noun [Air and poise.]

An instrument to measure the weight of the air.

Air-Pump

A'IR-PUMP, noun A machine for exhausting the air of a vessel. The machines for this purpose are of different constructions.

Air-Sacs

A'IR-SACS, noun Air bags in birds, which are certain receptacles of air, or vesicles lodged in the fleshy parts, in the hollow bones and in the abdomen, which all communicate with the lungs. These are supposed to render the body specifically lighter, and to supply the place of a muscular diaphragm.

Encyc.

Air-Shaft

A'IR-SHAFT, noun A passage for air into a mine, usually opened in a perpendicular direction, and meeting the adits or horizontal passages, to cause a free circulation of fresh air through the mine.

Encyc.

Air-Stirring

A'IR-STIRRING, adjective Putting the air in motion.

May.

Air-Thread

A'IR-THREAD, noun A name given to the spider's webs, which are often seen floating in the air. These filaments are attached to the tops or ends of branches of shrubs or trees, and serve to support the spider when in quest of prey.

Encyc.

Air-Threatening

A'IR-THREATENING, adjective Threatening the air; lofty.

Todd.

Air-Vessel

A'IR-VESSEL, noun A spiral duct in plants containing air, and supposed to be analogous to the lungs in animals.

Encyc.

Airy

A'IRY, adjective Consisting of air; as, an airy substance.

2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air; as, an airy flight; airy region.

3. Open to a free current of air; as, an airy situation.

4. Light as air; resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; without solidity; as, airy ghosts. An airy dress is one which admits air, and is cool.

5. Without reality; having no solid foundation; vain; trifling; as, an airy scheme; airy notions.

6. Gay; sprightly; full of vivacity and levity; light of heart; lively; as, an airy girl.

Airy

A'IRY, or A'ery, noun [See Aery.]

Among sportsmen, the nest of the hawk or eagle.

Airy-Flying

A'IRY-FLYING, adjective Flying like air.

Thomson.

Aisle

AISLE, or AILE, noun Pronounced Ile. [French aile, a wing; Latin ala.]

The wing of a quire; a walk in a church.

Aizoon

AIZO'ON, noun [Saxon aizon, from Latin aizoon. It seems to be composed of Greek, always, Saxon aa, aye, and, living.]

A genus of plants, called by Miller sempervive. The name has, by some writers, been applied to the house leek and to the aloes.

Encyc.

Ajava

AJA'VA, noun The seed of a plant brought from Malabar, said to be an excellent carminative, and very useful in the colic.

Quincy.

Ajuga

AJU'GA, noun Bugle, a genus of plants.

Encyc.

Ajuru-Catinga

AJU'RU-CATINGA, noun A species of American parrot, of a green color, with eyes of a fiery red, encircled with white.

Ajuru-Curau

AJU'RU-CURAU, noun An American parrot, of a lively green color, with a blue crown; the throat, and sides of the head, of a fine yellow.

Ajuru-Para

AJU'RU-PARA, noun A small parrot of America, of a beautiful green, with the beak, legs and circlets of the eyes white.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Ajutage

AJ'UTAGE, or AD'JUTAGE, noun [French from ajouter, to join.]

A tube fitted to the mouth of a vessel, through which the water of a fountain is to be played.

Ake

AKE, verb intransitive, less properly written ache. [Saxon ace, pronounced ake. See Ache.]

1. To be in pain; usually, in pain of some continuance.

2. To feel distress of mind; to be grieved; as, the heart akes.

Ake

AKE, noun Continued pain, less severe than is expressed by pang, agony, and torment; as, the tooth-ake; head-ake. It is commonly used in composition with the name of the part affected, as head-ake.

Aker

A'KER, noun [Greek; Latin ager; Saxon acer, pronounced aker; Germ. acker. The most correct orthography is aker.]

Originally an open field. But in German Britain, the quantity of land in the aker is fixed by statute at four thousand eight hundred and forty square yards, making one hundred and sixty square rods, perches or poles; and this is the quantity of land it contains in the United States of America. [See Acre.]

Akin

AKIN', adjective [a or of and kin. See Kin.]

1. Related by blood, used of persons; as, the two families are near akin.

2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; as, envy and jealousy are near akin. [This adjective is used only after the noun.]

Aking

A'KING, participle of the present tense Having continued pain; suffering distress of mind, or grief.

Aking

A'KING, noun Continued pain, or distress of mind.

Al

AL, in Arabic, an adjective or inseparable prefix, answering to the Italian il, and Spanish el and la. Its use is to render nouns definite, like the English the; as, alkoran, the koran or the book by eminence; alcove, alchimy, alembic, almanac, &c.

Al

AL, in English, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon oethel, noble or illustrious.

More generally al, in composition, is a contraction of ald or alt, old, and it is prefixed to many names, as Alburg. Saxon eald; Germ. alt, old.

Al, in the composition of Latin words, is written before l for ad, for the ease of pronunciation; as, in allevo, alludo, for ad levo, ad ludo.

Alabaster

AL'ABASTER, noun [Latin from Greek]

A sub-variety of carbonate of lime, found in large masses, formed by the deposition of calcarious particles in caverns of lime-stone rocks. These concretions have a foliated, fibrous or granular structure, and are of a pure white color, or more generally they present shades of yellow, red or brown, in undulating or concentric stripes, or in spots.

Cleaveland.

Among the ancients, alabaster was also the name of a vessel in which odoriferous liquors were kept; so called from the stone of which it was made. Also, the name of a measure, containing ten ounces of wine or nine of oil.

Encyc. Macquer. Pliny.

Alabaster

AL'ABASTER, adjective Made of alabaster, or resembling it.

Addison.

Alabastrum dendroide, a kind of laminated alabaster, variegated with figures of shrubs and trees, found in the province of Hohenstein.

Encyc.

Alack

ALACK', exclamation [Persian halaka, perdition, destruction, and alaksadan, to perish.]

An exclamation expressive of sorrow.

Alackaday

ALACK'ADAY. An exclamation uttered to express regret or sorrow.

Alacriousness

ALAC'RIOUSNESS, noun Briskness. [Not used.]

Alacrity

ALAC'RITY, noun [Latin alacritas, from alacer, alacris.]

Cheerfulness; gayety; sprightliness; more usually, a cheerful readiness or promptitude to do some act; cheerful willingness; as, the soldiers advanced with alacrity to meet the enemy.

Aladinists

ALAD'INISTS. Free thinkers among the Mohammedans.

Encyc.

Alalite

AL'ALITE, noun A crystalized mineral; diopside; a semi-transparent pyroxene. A variety with twelve sided prisms, was found by Bonvoisin, near the village of Ala in Piedmont, and by him called Alalite.

Cleaveland.

Alamire

ALAM:IRE', noun The lowest note but one, in Guido Aretine's scale of music.

Johnson.

Alamodality

ALAMODAL'ITY, noun Conformity to the prevailing mode, or fashion of the times. [Little used.]

Encyc.

Alamode

ALAMO'DE adverb [French a la mode, after the fashion.]

According to the fashion or prevailing mode.

Whitlock.

Alamode

ALAMO'DE, noun A thin glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, &c.

Aland

ALAND', adverb At or on land.

Sidney.

Alarm

AL'ARM, noun [Danish larm, noise, bustle, alarm; larmer, to make a noise or bustle, to alarm; German lÃƒ-¤rm, lÃƒ-¤rmen, id; Swedish larm, larma, id; French alarme, alarmer; Spanish alarma, alarmar; Italian allarme, allarmare; Welsh alarm, a great shout, compounded of al, very, most, and garm, an outery. The Welsh gives the true origin and primary signification.]

1. Any sound, outery or information, intended to give notice of approaching danger as, to sound an alarm.

2. A summon to arms.

Dryden.

3. Sudden surprise with fear or terror; as, the fire or the enemy excited an alarm.

4. Terror; a sensation excited by an apprehension of danger, from whatever cause; as, we felt an alarm at the cry of fire.

5. In fencing, an appeal or challenge.

Encyc.

Alarm

AL'ARM, verb transitive To give notice of danger; to rouse to vigilance, and exertions for safety.

2. To call to arms for defense.

3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to disturb with terror; to fill with anxiety by the prospect of evil.

Alarm-Bell

AL'ARM-BELL, noun A bell that gives notice of danger.

Alarmed

AL'ARMED, participle passive Notified of sudden danger; surprised with fear; roused to vigilance or activity by apprehension of approaching danger; solicitous at the prospect or expectation of evil. Thus, we are alarmed at the approach of danger, or alarmed for the safety of friends at sea.

Alarming

AL'ARMING, participle of the present tense Giving notice of approaching danger; rousing to vigilance; exciting solicitude by a prospect of evil.

Alarming

AL'ARMING, adjective Exciting apprehension; terrifying; awakening a sense of danger; as, an alarming message.

Alarmingly

AL'ARMINGLY, adverb With alarm; in a manner to excite apprehension.

Alarmist

AL'ARMIST, noun One that excites alarm.

Alarm-Post

AL'ARM-POST, noun A place to which troops are to repair in cases of an alarm.

Alarm-Watch

AL'ARM-WATCH, noun A watch that strikes the hour by regulated movement.

Herbert.

Alarum

ALARUM, for alarm, is a corruption, and is not to be used.

Alas

ALAS' ex. [Dutch helaas; French helas.]

An exclamation expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil; sometimes followed by day or while; alas the day, like alack a day; or alas the while, (Obs. Spenser.) expressing an unhappy time.

Alate

ALA'TE, adverb Lately. [Not used.]

Alated

ALA'TED, adjective [Latin ala, a wing; alatus, winged.]

Winged; having dilatations like wings.

Botany.

Alatern

AL'ATERN, noun A trivial name of a species of rhamnus or buckthorn.

Alb

ALB, noun [Latin albus, Greek, white.]

A surplice or vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, worn by the Romish clergy. Also a Turkish coin, called also an asper, value one hundred and twelve mills.

Albatros

AL'BATROS, noun An aquatic fowl, belonging to the order of ansers. The bill is strait; the upper mandible crooked at the point, and the lower one truncated; the nostrils are oval, open and little prominent, and placed on the sides; the wings are pennated, and there are three webbed toes on each foot. The upper part of the body is of a spotted brown, and the belly white. It is of the size of a pelican or larger, very voracious, preying on fish and small water fowls. These fowls are seen, in great numbers, about the capes of the two continents, and on the northern shores of Asia. They are sometimes called the great gull.

Encyc.

Albeit

ALBE'IT, [This is supposed to be a compound of all, be and it, and is equivalent to admit, or grant it all.]

Be it so; admit all that; although; notwithstanding.

Whereas ye say, the Lord saith it, albeit I have not spoken. Ez. 13.

[This word is now antiquated.]

Albelen

AL'BELEN, noun A fish of the truttaceous or trout kind, found in the German lakes, weighing five or six pounds.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Albescent

ALBES'CENT, adjective [Latin albesco, to grow white.]

Becoming white, or rather, whitish; moderately white.

Encyc.

Albicore

AL'BICORE, noun [Portugese albacor; al and bacoro, a little pig.]

A marine fish, like a tunny, noted for following ships.

Albigenses

ALBIGEN'SES, ALBEGEOIS, noun A party of Reformers, who separated from the church of Rome, in the 12th century; so called from the Albegeois, a small territory in France, where they resided. They are sometimes confounded with the Waldenses; but they were prior to them in time, differed from them in some of their tenets, and resided in a different part of France. The catholics made war upon them, and they gradually dwindled, till the reformation, when the remains of them fell in with the followers of Zuinglius and the Genevan Protestants.

Encyc.

Albin

AL'BIN, noun [Latin albus, white.]

A mineral, of an opake white color, consisting of aggregated crystaline lamins, found in Bohemia.

This is regarded as a variety of apophyllite.

Werner. Cleaveland.

Albino

ALBI'NO, noun [Latin albus, white.]

A white descendant of black parents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. A person unnaturally white.

Albinos

ALBI'NOS, noun A name signifying white men, given by the Portuguese to the white negroes of Africa. The color of this race appears like that of persons affected with leprosy; and the negroes look upon them as monsters.

Encyc.

Albion

AL'BION, noun An ancient name of England, still used in poetry. It is supposed this name was given to it on account of its white cliffs.

Albora

ALBO'RA, noun A sort of itch or rather leprosy, terminating without ulceration, but with fetid evacuations in the mouth and nostrils.

Quincy.

Alboro

ALBO'RO, noun The erythrinus, a small red fish of the Mediterranean.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Albugineous

ALBUGIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin albugo, the white spot in the eye, from albus white.]

Pertaining to or resembling the white of the eye, or of an egg.

Encyc.

Albugineous humor, the aqueous humor of the eye.

Encyc. Quincy.

Albugo

ALBU'GO, noun The white speck in the eye, called the film, haw, dragon, pearl or cicatrice. Also a disease of the eye, occasioned by a white opake spot growing on the cornea and obstructing vision. It is called also leucoma, nebula, pannus oculi, onyx, unguis, &c.

Quincy. Encyc.

Albula

ALBU'LA, noun A species of truttaceous fish, destitute of teeth. The Albula Indica is called by the Dutch wit-fish, and is of the size of a herring. The Albula nobilis is a fish caught in the lakes of Germany.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Album

AL'BUM, noun [Latin albus, white.]

1. Among the Romans, a white table, board or register, on which the names of public officers and public transactions were entered.

Latin Dict.

2. A book, originally blank, in which foreigners or strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in which friends insert pieces as memorials for each other.

Albumen

ALBU'MEN, noun [Latin from albus, white.]

The white of an egg. A like substance is a chief constituent in all animal solids.

Ure.

Albuminous

ALBU'MINOUS, adjective Pertaining to, or having the properties of albumen.

Alburn

AL'BURN, or ALBURN'UM, noun [Latin alburnum, from albus, white.]

The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the wood. In America, it is popularly called the sap. This is annually acquiring hardness, and becoming wood.

Milne.

Alburn

AL'BURN, noun [Latin alburnus, from albus, white.]

A fish called the bleak. It belongs to the order of abdominals, and the genus Cyprinus. It is five or six inches in length, and esteemed delicious food. Artificial pearls are made of its scales.

Encyc.

Alcahest

AL'CAHEST, or AL'KAHEST, noun [Arabic.]

A pretended univeral dissolvent, or menstruum. [See Alkahest.]

Alcaic

ALCA'IC, adjective Pertaining to Alcoeus, a Lyric poet of Mitylene, in Lesbos, who flourished about the forty-fourth Olympiad; or to other poets of the same name, of which three are mentioned; one an Athenian tragic poet, and another a Messenian.

Alcaics

ALCA'ICS, n. plu. Several kinds of verse, so called from Alcaeus, their inventor. One kind consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable and two dactyls.

Encyc.

Alcaid

ALCA'ID, noun [Spanish alcayde; Portugese alcaide; Arabic kaidon, with the prefix al, from to lead, rule, govern. Hence the Cadi of the Turks.]

Among the Moors, Spaniards and Portuguese, a governor. In Portugal, the chief civil magistrate of a town or city; also the jurisdiction of certain judges of appeal. In Spain, the governor of a castle or fort; also a jailer.

Span. and Portugese Dict.

Alcanna

ALCAN'NA, noun [Arabic.] A plant; and a powder, prepared from the leaves of the

Egyptian privet, used by the Turkish females to give a golden color to the nails and hair. Infused in water, it forms a yellow color; with vinegar, it forms a red. From the berries is extracted an oil, used in medicine. In Cairo, it forms an article of commerce.

Encyc. Theophrast.

Alcatraz

AL'CATRAZ, noun The Spanish name of the Pelecanus Onocrotalus of Linne; a pelican; also a fish taken on the coast of India.

Span. Dict.

Alcavala

ALCAV`ALA, noun In Spain, a tax on every transfer of property, real or personal.

Encyc.

Alcedo

ALCE'DO, noun [Latin]

The king fisher; a genus of birds, of the order of Picae. The species are numerous. They usually live about rivers, feeding on fish, which they take by darting into the water with surprising velocity. [See Halcyon.

Alchimic

ALCHIM'IC, or ALCHIM'ICAL, adjective Relating to alchimy, or produced by it.

Alchimically

ALCHIM'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of alchimy.

Alchimist

AL'CHIMIST, noun One who practices alchimy.

Alchimistic

ALCHIMIST'IC, or ALCHIMIST'ICAL, adjective Practicing alchimy, or relating to it.

Burke, Rev.

Alchimy

AL'CHIMY, noun [Italian alchimia; Arabic al, the, and kimia, secret, hidden, or the occult art, from kamai, to hide. See Chimistry.]

1. The more sublime and difficult parts of chimistry, and chiefly such as relate to the transmutation of metals into gold, the finding a universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest or universal solvent, and other things now treated as ridiculous. This pretended science was much cultivated in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but is now held in contempt.

2. Formerly, a mixed metal used for utensils.

Alcmanian

ALCMA'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Alcman, a lyric poet of the twenty-seventh Olympiad, celebrated for his amorous verses. The Alcmanian verse consisted of two dactyls and two trochees.

Encyc.

Alco

AL'CO, noun A quadruped of America, nearly resembling a dog, but mute and melancholy; and this circumstance seems to have given rise to the fable that dogs, transported to America, become mute. The animal was used for food by the native Americans, and the first Spanish settlers; but it is said to be now extinct. It is known also by the name of Techichi.

Clavigero.

Alcohol

AL'COHOL, noun [Arabic kahala; Hebrew

Syriac and Ethiopic, to paint with a preparation of powder of antimony. The oriental females still practice the painting of the eye brows with this material. The name was applied to this substance, and afterwards to other fine powders, and to highly rectified spirits.]

Pure or highly rectified spirit, obtained from fermented liquors by distillation. It consists of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. It is extremely light and inflammable, and a powerful stimulant and antiseptic. This is the usual sense of the word; but originally, in Arabic, it signified a fine impalpable powder, in which sense it is still used.

Encyc.

Alcoholic

ALCOHOL'IC, adjective Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities.

Med. Rep.

Alcoholization

ALCOHOLIZA'TION, noun The act of rectifying spirit, till it is wholly dephlegmated; or of reducing a substance to an impalpable powder.

Alcoholize

AL'COHOLIZE, verb transitive To convert into alcohol; to rectify spirit till it is wholly dephlegmated; also, to reduce a substance to an impalpable powder.

Alcor

AL'COR, noun [Arabic] A small star adjoining to the large bright one in the middle of the tail of Ursa Major.

Encyc.

Alcoran

ALCORAN. [See Koran and Alkoran.]

Alcove

AL'COVE or ALCO'VE, noun [Spanish alcoba, composed of al, with the Arabic kabba, to arch, to construct with an arch, and its derivatives, an arch, a round house; cubby.]

1. A recess, or part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of columns, or by other corresponding ornaments; in which is placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company. The bed is sometimes raised two or three steps, with a rail at the foot. These are frequent in Spain.

Encyc.

2. A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for books.

Alcyon

AL'CYON, noun A trivial name of the kingfisher. [See Halcyon.]

Alcyonite

AL'CYONITE, noun [Supra.]

A fossil zoophite, somewhat resembling a fungus.

J. of Science.

Alcyonium

ALCYO'NIUM, noun The name of a submarine plant, or bastard spunge. Also a kind of astroit or coral, a fossil found in England.

Encyc.

Alder

AL'DER, noun [Latin alnus; French aune, aulne; Saxon alr.]

A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The name is applied also to some species of other genera.

Alderman

ALD'ERMAN, n. plu. Aldermen. [Saxon ald or eald, old, comp, alder, older, and man; German alt; Dutch oud.]

1. Among our Saxon Ancestors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to princes, dukes, earls, senators and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus, Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called alderman of all England; and there were alderman of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.

2. In present usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next in rank below the mayor. The number of aldermen is different in different cities. In London the number is twenty-six, one in each ward, and the office is held for life.

Spelman. Cowel. Encyc.

In the United States, the number of aldermen depends on the charters of incorporation.

In general, aldermen have the powers of a justice of the peace, and, with the mayor, they constitute the court of the corporation. In most of our cities, they are annually elected by the citizens.

Aldermanly

AL'DERMANLY, adjective Pertaining to or like an alderman.

Swift.

Aldern

AL'DERN, adjective Made of Alder.

Ale

ALE, noun [Saxon eala, eale, or aloth; German Ãƒ-¤l; Swedish Ãƒ-¶l; Danish Ãƒ-¶l; Irish ol. Qu. Irish olam, to drink.]

1. A liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation. It differs from beer, in having a smaller proportion of hops. It is of different sorts, chiefly pale and brown; the first made from malt slightly dried; the second, from malt more considerably dried or roasted. Ale was the common drink of the ancient inhabitants of Europe. It is usually made with barley; but sometimes with wheat, rye, millet, oats, &c.

Encyc.

2. A merry meeting in English country places, so called from the liquor drank.

Ben Jonson.

Medicated Ales are those which are prepared for medicinal purposes, by an infusion of herbs during fermentation.

Encyc.

Ale-Bench

A'LE-BENCH, noun A bench in or before an ale house.

Homilies.

Ale-Berry

A'LE-BERRY, noun A beverage, made by boiling ale with spice, sugar and sops of bread.

Johnson.

Ale-Brewer

A'LE-BREWER, noun One whose occupation is to brew ale.

Ale-Conner

A'LE-CONNER, noun [ale and con, to know or see.]

An officer in London, whose business is to inspect the measures used in public houses, to prevent frauds in selling liquors. Four of these are chosen annually by the livery men, in common hall, on midsummer's day.

Act of Parl.

Ale-Cost

A'LE-COST, noun Costmary, a plant, a species of Tanacetum.

Ale-Fed

A'LE-FED, adjective Fed with ale.

Stafford.

Ale-Gar

A'LE-GAR, noun [ale, and French aigre, sour.] Sour ale; the acid of ale.

Ale-Hoof

A'LE-HOOF, noun [Dutch eiloof, a plant used in brewing.]

Ground-ivy, the glechoma hederacea, of Linne. The leaves of this plant are used to clarify and give flavor to ale.

Lee. Encyc.

Ale-House

A'LE-HOUSE, noun A house where ale is retailed; and hence a tipling house.

Ale-House-Keeper

A'LE-HOUSE-KEEPER, noun One who keeps an ale-house.

Ale-Knight

A'LE-KNIGHT, noun A pot companion.

Chaucer.

Ale-Shot

A'LE-SHOT, noun A reckoning to be paid for ale.

Ale-Silver

A'LE-SILVER, noun A duty paid to the Lord Mayor of London, by the sellers of ale within the city.

Ale-Stake

A'LE-STAKE, noun A stake set as a sign before an ale-house.

Chaucer.

Ale-Taster

A'LE-TASTER, noun An officer appointed in every court leet, and sworn, to inspect ale, beer and bread, and examine the quality and quantity within the precincts of the lordship.

Cowel.

Ale-Vat

A'LE-VAT, noun A vat in which ale is fermented.

Ale-Washed

A'LE-WASHED, adjective Steeped or soaked in ale.

Shak.

Ale-Wife

A'LE-WIFE, noun A woman who keeps an ale house.

Alewife

A'LEWIFE, or A'LOOF, noun [This word is properly aloof, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maiz in America, Phil. Trans. No. 142. p. 1065, and Baddam's Memoirs, vol. 2. 131.]

An American fish, belonging to the genus Clupea, and called Clupea Serrata. It resembles the herring. The established pronunciation is alewife, plu. alewives.

Alectryomancy

ALECTRYOM'ANCY, noun [Greek, a cock, and, divination.]

An ancient practice of foretelling events by means of a cock. The twenty four letters were laid on the ground, and a grain of corn on each; a cock was then permitted to pick up the grains, and the letters under the grains selected, being formed into words, were supposed to foretel the event desired.

Encyc.

Alee

ALEE', adverb [a or at and lee. See Lee.]

In seaman's language, on the side opposite to the wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it strikes. The helm of a ship is alee, when pressed close to the lee side.

Hard alee or luff alee, is an order to put the helm to the lee side.

Helm's alee, that is, the helm is alee, a notice given as an order to the seamen to cause the head-sails to shake in the wind, with a view to bring the ship about.

Mar. Dict.

Aleger

A'LEGER, adjective [French, Spanish alÃƒ-©gre; Latin alacer.]

Gay; cheerful; sprightly. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Alegge

ALEGGE, verb transitive To lighten; to lessen; to assuage. [Not used.]

Alembdar

ALEMB'DAR, noun In Turkey, an officer who bears the green standard of Mohammed, when the Sultan appears in public.

Encyc.

Alembic

ALEM'BIC, noun [Arabic al and or a chimical vessel.]

A chimical vessel used in distillation; usually made of glass or copper. The bottom part containing the liquor to be distilled, is called the cucurbit; the upper part which receives and condenses the steam, is called the head, the beak of which is fitted to the neck of a receiver. The head is more properly the alembic. This vessel is not so generally used now, as the worm still and retort.

Alength

ALENGTH', adverb [a and length.]

At full length; along; stretched at full length.

Chaucer.

Alepidote

ALEP'IDOTE, noun [Greek priv. and, a scale.]

Any fish whose skin is not covered with scales.

Alert

ALERT', adjective [French alerte; Spanish alerto, vigilant, watchful, estar alerta, to be on the watch.]

1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance. Hence the military phrase, upon the alert, upon the watch, guarding against surprise or danger.

2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.

Spectator.

Alertness

ALERT'NESS, noun Briskness; nimbleness; sprightliness; levity.

Addison.

Aleuromancy

ALEUROM'ANCY, noun [Greek, meal, and, divination.]

A kind of divination by meal, used by the ancients.

Encyc.

Aleutian

ALEU'TIAN, or ALEU'TIC, adjective Designating certain isles in the Pacific ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka, extending northeastward towards America. The word is formed from aleut, which, in Russian, is a bald rock.

Tooke. Pinkerton.

Alexanders

ALEX'ANDERS, noun The name of a plant of the genus Smyrnium.

Muhlenberg.

Alexanders Foot

ALEX'ANDER'S FOOT, noun The name of a plant.

Alexandrian

ALEX'ANDRIAN, noun Pertaining to Alexandria. There are many cities of this name, in various parts of the earth. The term is often applied as an attribute, or used as a noun, for one who professed or taught the sciences in the school of Alexandria, in Egypt; a place highly celebrated for its literature and magnificence, and whose library, it is said, consisted of 700,000 volumes. The Persians and Turks write for Alexander, Scander, or Sconder; and for Alexandria, Scanderona; hence Scanderoon, a sea port in Syria.

Alexandrine

ALEX'ANDRINE, or ALEXANDRIAN, noun A kind of verse, consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and thirteen alternately; so called from a poem written in French on the life of Alexander. This species of verse is peculiar to modern poetry, but well adapted to epic poems. The Alexandrine in English consists of twelve syllables, and is less used than this kind of verse is among the French, whose tragedies are generally composed of Alexandrines.

Pope. Dryden.

Alexipharmic

ALEXIPH'ARMIC, adjective [Greek, to expel, and, poison.]

Expelling poison; antidotal; sudorific; that has the quality of expelling poison or infection by sweat.

Alexipharmic

ALEXIPH'ARMIC, noun A medicine that is intended to obviate the effects of poison; an antidote to poison or infection. By the Greeks, the word was used for an amulet.

Quincy. Encyc.

Alexiteriic

ALEXITERI'IC, or ALEXITE'RIAL, adjective [Greek, to expel, and, poison.]

Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom.

Quincy. Encyc.

Alexiteric

ALEXITER'IC, or ALEXITER'ICAL, noun A medicine to resist the effects of poison, or the bite of venomous animals; nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. Used also by the Greeks for an amulet.

Algarot

AL'GAROT, or AL'GAROTH, noun The name of an emetic powder, prepared from the regulus of antimony, dissolved in acids, and separated by repeated lotions in warm water. It is either an Arabic term, or the name of the inventor, a physician of Verona.

Quincy. Encyc.

Algebra

AL'GEBRA, noun [Arabic al and, the reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, from the verb, which signifies to consolidate; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac and Ethiopic, to be strong.]

The science of quantity in general, or universal arithmetic. Algebra is a general method of computation, in which signs and symbols, which are commonly the letters of the alphabet, are made to represent numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown quantity sought, as if granted; and, by means of one or more quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is discovered, by some other known quantity to which it is equal.

This science was of Oriental discovery; but whether among the Arabians or Indians, is uncertain.

Algebraic

ALGEBRA'IC, or ALGEBRA'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of Algebra, or deduced from such operation.

Algebraic curve, a figure whose intercepted diameters bear always the same proportion to their respective ordinates.

Bailey.

Algebraist

ALGEBRA'IST, noun One who is versed in the science of algebra.

Algeneb

AL'GENEB, noun A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the right side of Perseus; Long. 27Ã‚-° 46' 12" of Taurus; Latin 30Ã‚-° 05' 28" North.

Encyc.

Algerine

ALGERINE', noun [from Algiers.] A native of Algiers, a city and a government on the coast of Africa.

Algerine

ALGERINE', adjective Belonging to Algiers.

Algid

AL'GID, adjective [Latin algidus.] Cold. [Not used.]

Algol

AL'GOL, noun A fixed star of the third magnitude, called Medusa's head, in Perseus; Long. 21Ã‚-° 50' 42" of Taurus; Latin 23Ã‚-° 23' 47" North.

Encyc.

Algor

AL'GOR, noun [Latin] Among physicians, an unusual coldness in any part of the body.

Algorithm

ALGORITHM, or AL'GORISM, noun An Arabic term, signifying numerical computation, or the six operations of arithmetic.

Johnson. Encyc.

Algous

AL'GOUS, adjective [Latin alga, sea weed.]

Pertaining to sea weed; abounding with, or like sea weed.

Alhenna

ALHEN'NA, noun [See Alkenna.]

Alias

A'LIAS, [Latin] Otherwise; as in this example, Simson alias Smith; a word used in judicial proceedings to connect the different names by which a person is called, who attempts to conceal his true name, and pass under a fictitious one.

Alias

A'LIAS, noun A second writ, or execution, issued when the first has failed to enforce the judgment.

Alibi

AL'IBI, noun [Latin] Elsewhere; in another place; a law term. When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves that he could not have committed it, because he was, at the time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi. The part of a plea or allegation, which avers the party to have been in another place, is also called an alibi.

Alien

A'LIEN, a. alyen, [Latin alienus, from alius, another; Irish aile, eile, oile, another; Welsh all, other, and ail, second; Armoric eel, all, eguile; Cornish gele; Greek. Hence, Latin alieno, to alienate; alter, another; whence French alterer, to alter; Latin alterno, to alter, to alternate, and alterco, altercor, to altercate. Ethiopic kalea, to alter, to change; whence alius, another, the second; the first letter being lost, except in the Cornish and Armoric, as it is in all. See Class Gl. No. 36, and Ludolf, 387.]

1. Foreign; not belonging to the same country, land or government.

2. Belonging to one who is not a citizen.

3. Estranged; foreign; not allied; adverse to; as, principles alien from our religion.

Alien

A'LIEN, n. alyen. A foreigner; one born in, or belonging to, another country; one who is not a denizer, or entitled to the privileges of a citizen.

2. In scripture, one who is a stranger to the church of Christ, or to the covenant of grace.

At that time, ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel. Ephesians 2.

In France, a child born of residents who are not citizens, is an alien. In Great Britain, the children of aliens born in that country, are mostly natural born subjects; and the children of British subjects, owing allegiance to the crown of England, though born in other countries, are natural subjects, and entitled to the privileges of resident citizens.

Blackstone.

Alien-duty, a tax upon goods imported by aliens, beyond the duty on the like goods imported by citizens; a discriminating duty on the tonnage of ships belonging to aliens, or any extra duties imposed by laws or edicts on aliens.

Alien

A'LIEN, or ALIE'NE, v.t. [Latin alieno.]

1. To transfer title or property to another; to sell.

Nor could he aliene the estate, even with the consent of the Lord.

Blackstone.

2. To estrange; to make averse or indifferent; to turn the affections from.

The prince was aliened from all thoughts of the marriage.

Clarendon.

In this sense, it is more common to use alienate.

Alienability

ALIENABIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being alienated or transferred.

The alienability of the domain.

Burke.

Alienable

A'LIENABLE, adjective That may be sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the State.

Alienage

A'LIENAGE, noun The state of being an alien.

Why restore estates, forfeitable on account of alienage?

Story.

Alienate

A'LIENATE, v.t. [Latin alieno.]

1. To transfer title, property or right to another; as, to alienate lands, or sovereignty.

2. To estrange; to withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; with from; as, to alienate the heart or affections; to alienate a man from the friends of his youth.

3. To apply to a wrong use.

They shall not alienate the first fruits of the land. Ezekiel 48.

Alienate

A'LIENATE, adjective [Latin alienatus.]

Estranged; withdrawn from; stranger to; with from.

O alienate from God, O spirit accurst.

Milton.

The whigs were alienate from truth.

Swift.

Alienation

ALIENA'TION, noun [Latin alienatio.]

1. A transfer of title; or a legal conveyance of property to another.

2. The state of being alienated.

3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the heart or affections.

4. Delirium; derangement of mental faculties; insanity.

Hooker.

Alienation-office, in Great-Britain, is an office to which all writs of covenant and entry, on which fines are levied and recoveries suffered, are carried, to have fines for alienation set and paid thereon.

Encyc.

Alienator

A'LIENATOR, noun One that alienates or transfers property.

Warton.

Alienee

ALIENEE', noun One to whom the title to property is transferred.

If the alienee enters and keeps possession.

Blackstone.

Alife

ALI'FE, adverb [a or on and life.]

On my life.

Shak.

Aliferous

ALIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin ala, wing, and fero, to bear.]

Having wings.

Aliform

AL'IFORM, adjective [Latin ala, wing, and forma, shape.]

Having the shape of a wing; a term applied to a certain process and muscles of the body, as the pterygoid process, and the muscles arising from that process.

Quincy.

Aligerous

ALIGEROUS, adjective [Latin ala wing, and gero, to carry.]

Having wings.

Alight

ALI'GHT, verb intransitive [Saxon alihtan. gelihtan, lihtan. See Light.]

1. To get down or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage.

2. To descend and settle; as, a flying bird alights on a tree.

3. To fall or descend and lodge; as, snow alights on a roof.

Alike

ALI'KE, adjective [Saxon gelic. See Like.]

Having resemblance or similitude; similar.

The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Psalm 13.

[This adjective never precedes the noun which it qualifies.]

Alike

ALI'KE, adverb In the same manner, form or degree.

We are all alike concerned in religion.

He fashioneth their hearts alike. Psalm 33.

Alike-Minded

ALI'KE-MINDED, adjective Having the same mind; but like-minded is more generally used.

Aliment

AL'IMENT, noun [Latin alimentum, from alo, to feed; Irish alaim, ailim, olaim, to feed or nurse.]

That which nourishes; food; nutriment; any thing which feeds or adds to a substance, animal or vegetable, in natural growth.

Alimental

ALIMENT'AL, adjective Supplying food; that has the quality of nourishing; that furnishes the materials for natural growth; as, chyle is alimental; alimental sap.

Alimentally

ALIMENT'ALLY, adverb So as to serve for nourishment or food.

Alimentariness

ALIMENT'ARINESS, noun The quality of supplying nutriment.

Alimentary

ALIMENT'ARY, adjective Pertaining to aliment or food; having the quality of nourishing; as, alimentary particles.

The alimentary canal, in animal bodies, is the great duct or intestine, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts evacuated.

Alimentary law, among the Romans, was a law which obliged children to support their parents.

Encyc.

Obligation of aliment, in Scots law, is the natural obligation of parents to provide for their children.

Encyc.

Alimentation

ALIMENTA'TION, noun The act or power of affording nutriment.

2. The state of being nourished.

Johnson. Bacon.

Alimonious

ALIMO'NIOUS, adjective [See Alimony.]

Nourishing; affording food. [Little used.]

Alimony

AL'IMONY, noun [Latin alimonia, of alo, to feed. See Aliment.]

An allowance made for the support of a woman, legally separated from her husband. The sum is fixed by the proper judge, and granted out of the husband's estate.

Blackstone.

Aliped

AL'IPED, adjective [Latin ala, wing, and pes, foot.]

Wing-footed; having the toes connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing.

Aliped

AL'IPED, noun [Supra.]

An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, and which thus serve for wings; a cheiropter; as, the bat.

Dumeril.

Aliquant

AL'IQUANT, adjective [Latin aliquantum, a little.]

In arithmetic, an aliquant number or part is that which does not measure another number without a remainder. Thus 5 is an aliquant part of 16, for 3 times 5 is 15, leaving a remainder 1.

Aliquot

AL'IQUOT, adjective [Latin]

An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will measure it without a remainder. Thus 5 is the aliquot part of 15.

Alish

A'LISH, adjective [From ale.]

Like ale; having the qualities of ale.

Mortimer.

Alive

ALI'VE, adjective [Saxon gelifian, to live, from lifian, to live. See Life.]

1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions, and the fluids move, whether in animals or vegetables; as, the man or plant is alive.

2. In a state of action; unextinguished; undestroyed; unexpired; in force or operation; as, keep the process alive.

3. Cheerful; sprightly; lively; full of alacrity; as, the company were all alive.

4. Susceptible; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as when the mind is solicitous about some event; as, one is alive to whatever is interesting to a friend.

5. Exhibiting motion or moving bodies in great numbers.

The city was all alive, when the General entered.

6. In a scriptural sense, regenerated; born again.

For this my son was dead and is alive. Luke 15.

[This adjective always follows the noun which it qualifies.]

Alkahest

AL'KAHEST, noun [Arab.]

A universal dissolvent; a menstruum capable of dissolving every body, which Paracelsus and Van Helmont pretended they possessed. This pretense no longer imposes on the credulity of any man.

The word is sometimes used for fixed salts volatilized.

Encyc.

Alkalescency

ALKALES'CENCY, noun [See Alkali.]

A tendency to become alkaline; or a tendency to the properties of an alkali; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to be predominant.

Ure.

Alkalescent

ALKALES'CENT, adjective Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.

Alkali

AL'KALI, n. plu. Alkalies. [Arabic kali, with the common prefix, the plant called glass wort, from its use in the manufacture of glass; or the ashes of the plant, which seems to be its primitive sense, for the verb signifies to fry.]

In chimistry, a term applied to all bodies which possess the following properties: 1. a caustic taste; 2. volatilizable by heat; 3. capability of combining with acids, and of destroying their acidity; 4. solubility in water, even when combined with carbonic acid; 5. capability of converting vegetable blues to green.

Thomson.

The term was formerly confined to three substances: 1. potash or vegetable fixed alkali, generally obtained from the ashes of wood; 2. soda or mineral fixed alkali, which is found in the earth and procured from marine plants; and 3. ammonia or volatile alkali, an animal product.

Modern chimistry has discovered many new substances to which the term is now extended.

The alkalies were formerly considered as elementary substances; but it is now ascertained that they are all compounds.

The alkalies are used in the manufacture of glass and soap, in bleaching and in medicine.

Alkalify

AL'KALIFY, verb transitive To form, or to convert into an alkali.

Alkalify

AL'KALIFY, verb intransitive To become an alkali.

Alkaligenous

ALKALIG'ENOUS, adjective [Alkali, and. to generate.]

Producing or generating alkali.

Alkalimeter

ALKALIM'ETER, noun [Alkali and Greek, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in potash and soda.

Ure.

Alkaline

AL'KALINE, adjective Having the properties of alkali.

Alkalinity

ALKALIN'ITY, noun The quality which constitutes an alkali.

Thomson.

Alkalizate

AL'KALIZATE, adjective Alkaline; impregnated with alkali. Obs.

Boyle. Newton.

Alkalization

ALKALIZA'TION, noun The act of rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali.

Alkalize

AL'KALIZE, verb transitive [and formerly Alkalizate.]

To make alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to, by mixture.

Alkanet

AL'KANET, noun The plant bugloss. The root is used to impart a deep red color to oily substances, ointments, plasters, &c.

Encyc.

Alkekengi

ALKEKEN'GI, noun The winter cherry, a species of physalis. The plant bears a near resemblance to solanum, or nightshade. The berry is medicinal.

Chambers.

Alkenna

ALKEN'NA, or ALHEN'NA, noun Egyptian privet, a species of Lawsonia. The pulverized leaves of this plant are much used by the eastern nations for staining their nails yellow. The powder, being wet, forms a paste, which is bound on the nails for a night, and the color thus given will last several weeks.

Encyc.

Alkermes

ALKERM'ES, noun [Arab. See Kermes.]

In pharmacy, a compound cordial, in the form of a confection, derived from the kermes berries. Its other ingredients are said to be pippin-cider, rose water, sugar, ambergris, musk, cinnamon, aloes-wood, pearls, and leaf-gold.

Quincy. Chambers. Encyc.

Alkerva

ALKER'VA, noun An Arabic name of the Palma Christi.

Quincy.

Alkoran

AL'KORAN, noun [Arab. al, the, and koran, book. The book by way of eminence, as we say the Bible. See Koran. It is pronounced, I believe, by orientalists, alkorawn.]

The book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith and practice. It was written by Mohammed, in the dialect of the Koreish, which is the purest Arabic; but the Arabian language has suffered such changes, since it was written, that the language of the Alkoran is not now intelligible to the Arabians themselves, without being learnt like other dead languages.

Niebuhr. Encyc.

Alkoranist

AL'KORANIST, noun One who adheres strictly to the letter of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are generally Alkoranists; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars admit a multitude of traditions.

Alkussa

ALKUS'SA, noun A fish of the Silurus kind, with one beard only under the chin.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

All

ALL, a. awl. [Saxon eal; Danish al; German all; Swedish all; Welsh oll or holl; Armoric oll; Irish uile; Greek; Shemitic, from calah, to be ended or completed, to perfect. The Welsh retains the first radical letter. This is radically the same word as heal; for in Swedish hel, and in Danish hele, signify all, and these words are from the root of heal. See Call, Heal and Whole.]

1. Every one, or the whole number of particulars.

2. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength. This word signifies then, the whole or entire thing, or all the parts or particulars which compose it. It always precedes the definitive adjectives, the, my, thy, his, our, your, their; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all thy goods; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property.

This word, not only in popular language, but in the scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died; all Judea and all the region round about Jordan; all men held John as a prophet; are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part or very great numbers.

This word is prefixed to many other words, to enlarge their signification; as already, always, all-prevailing.

All

ALL, adverb Wholly; completely; entirely; as all along; all bedewed; all over; my friend is all for amusement; I love my father all. In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all so long, this word retains its appropriate sense; as, "he thought them sixpence all too dear," that is, he thought them too dear by the sum of sixpence. In the sense of although, as "all were it as the rest," and in the sense of just, or at the moment, as "all as his straying flock he fed," it is obsolete, or restricted to poetry.

It is all one is a phrase equivalent to the same thing in effect; that is, it is wholly the same thing.

All the better is equivalent to wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference.

All

ALL, noun The whole number; as, all have not the same disposition; that is, all men.

2. The whole; the entire thing; the aggregate amount; as, our all is at stake.

And Laban, said, all that thou seest is mine. Genesis 31.

This adjective is much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things.

All in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a person, or every thing desired.

Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever.

Milton.

When the words, and all, close an enumeration of particulars, the word all is either intensive, or is added as a general term to express what is not enumerated; as, a tree fell, nest, eagles and all.

L'Estrange.

At all is a phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all; that is, not in the least degree. Has he any property at all?

All and some, in Spenser, Mason interprets, one and all. But from Lye's Saxon Dictionary, it appears that the phrase is a corruption of the Saxon ealle oet somne, all together, all at once, from somne, together, at once. See Lye under Somne.

All in the wind, in seamen's language, is a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake.

Mar. Dict.

All is well is a watchman's phrase, expressing a state of safety.

All, in composition, enlarges the meaning, or adds force to a word; and it is generally more emphatical than most. In some instances, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, already, always; but in most instances, it is an adjective prefixed to other words, but separated by a hypen.

All-Abandoned

ALL-ABAN'DONED, adjective Abandoned by all.

Skelton.

All-Abhorred

ALL-ABHOR'RED, adjective Detested by all.

Shak.

All-Accomplished

ALL-ACCOM'PLISHED, adjective Fully accomplished; whose education is highly finished or complete.

All-Admiring

ALL-ADMI'RING, adjective Wholly admiring.

Shak.

All-Advised

ALL-ADVI'SED, adjective Advised by all.

Warburton.

All-Approved

ALL-APPROVED, adjective Approved by all.

More.

All-Atoning

ALL-ATO'NING, adjective Atoning for all; making complete atonement.

Dryden.

All-Bearing

ALL-BEA'RING, adjective Producing every thing; omniparous.

Marston.

All-Beauteous

ALL-BEAU'TEOUS, adjective Perfectly beautiful.

Pope.

All-Beholding

ALL-BEHO'LDING, adjective Beholding or seeing all things.

Drayton.

All-Blasting

ALL-BL'ASTING, adjective Blasting all; defaming or destroying all.

Marston.

All-Bounteous

ALL-BOUN'TEOUS, or ALL-BOUN'TIFUL, adjective Perfectly bountiful; of infinite bounty.

All-Changing

ALL-CHA'NGING, adjective Perpetually changing.

Shak.

All-Cheering

ALL-CHEE'RING, adjective That cheers all; that gives gayety or cheerfulness to all.

Shak.

All-Commanding

ALL-COMM'ANDING, adjective Having command or sovereignty over all.

Raleigh.

All-Complying

ALL-COMPLY'ING, adjective Complying in every respect.

More.

All-Composing

ALL-COMPO'SING, adjective That makes all tranquil or peaceful.

Crashaw.

All-Comprehensive

ALL-COMPREHEN'SIVE, adjective Comprehending all things.

Glanville.

All-Concealing

ALL-CONCE'ALING, adjective Hiding or concealing all.

Spenser.

All-Conquering

ALL-CON'QUERING, adjective That subdues all.

Milton.

All-Conscious

ALL-CON'SCIOUS, adjective Conscious of all; all-knowing.

All-Constraining

ALL-CONSTRA'INING, adjective Constraining all.

Drayton.

All-Consuming

ALL-CONSU'MING, adjective That consumes or devours all.

Pope.

All-Daring

ALL-DA'RING, adjective Daring to attempt every thing.

Jonson.

All-Destroying

ALL-DESTROY'ING, adjective Destroying every thing.

Fanshaw.

All-Devastating

ALL-DEV'ASTATING, adjective Wasting every thing.

All-Devouring

ALL-DEVOUR'ING, adjective Eating or consuming all.

Pope.

All-Dimming

ALL-DIM'MING, adjective Obscuring every thing.

Marston.

All-Discovering

ALL-DISCOV'ERING, adjective Discovering or disclosing every thing.

More.

All-Disgraced

ALL-DISGRA'CED, adjective Completely disgraced.

Shak.

All-Dispensing

ALL-DISPENS'ING, adjective Dispensing all things; affording dispensation or permission.

Milton. Dryden.

All-Divine

ALL-DIVI'NE, adjective Supremely excellent.

Howell.

All-Divining

ALL-DIVI'NING, adjective Foretelling all things.

Fanshaw.

All-Dreaded

ALL-DREAD'ED, adjective Dreaded by all.

Shak.

All-Efficient

ALL-EFFI'CIENT, adjective Of perfect or unlimited efficacy or efficiency.

All-Eloquent

ALL-EL'OQUENT, adjective Eloquent in the highest degree.

Pope.

All-Embracing

ALL-EMBRA'CING, adjective Embracing all things.

Crashaw.

All-Ending

ALL-END'ING, adjective Putting an end to all things.

Shak.

All-Enlightening

ALL-ENLI'GHTENING, adjective Enlightening all things.

Cotton.

All-Enraged

ALL-ENRA'GED, adjective Highly enraged.

Hall.

All-Flaming

ALL-FLA'MING, adjective Flaming in all directions.

Beaumont.

All-Fools-Day

ALL-FOOL'S-DAY, noun The first of April.

All-Forgiving

ALL-FORGIV'ING, adjective Forgiving or pardoning all.

Dryden.

All-Fours

ALL-FOURS, noun [all and four.]

A game at cards, played by two or four persons; so called from the possession of the four honors, by one person, who is then said to have all fours.

To go on all fours is to move or walk on four legs, or on the two legs and two arms.

All-Giver

ALL-GIV'ER, noun The giver of all things.

Milton.

All-Good

ALL-GOOD', adjective Completely good.

Dryden.

All-Good

ALL-GOOD', noun The popular name of the plant Good-Henry, or English Mercury, Chenopodium bonus Henricus.

All-Gracious

ALL-GRA'CIOUS, adjective Perfectly gracious.

All-Guiding

ALL-GUI'DING, adjective Guiding or conducting all things.

Sandys.

All-Hail

ALL-HA'IL, ex. [all and Saxon hoel, health.]

All health; a phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or safety to the person addressed.

All-Hallow

ALL-HAL'LOW, or ALL-HALLOWS, noun

All Saints day, the first of November; a feast dedicated to all the saints in general.

All-Hallow-Tide

ALL-HALLOW-TIDE, noun [tid, in Saxon, is time.]

The time near All Saints, or November first.

All-Happy

ALL-HAP'PY, adjective Completely happy.

All-Heal

ALL-HE'AL, noun The popular name of several plants.

All-Healing

ALL-HE'ALING, adjective Healing all things.

Selden.

All-Helping

ALL-HELP'ING, adjective Assisting all.

Selden.

All-Hiding

ALL-HI'DING, adjective Concealing all things.

Shak.

All-Honored

ALL-HON'ORED, adjective Honored by all.

Shak.

All-Hurting

ALL-HURT'ING, adjective Hurting all things.

Shak.

All-Idolizing

ALL-I'DOLIZING, adjective Worshiping any thing.

Crashaw.

All-Imitating

ALL-IM'ITATING, adjective Imitating every thing.

More.

All-Informing

ALL-INFORM'ING, adjective Acutating all by vital powers.

Sandys.

All-Interesting

ALL-IN'TERESTING, adjective Interesting in the highest degree.

All-Interpreting

ALL-INTER'PRETING, adjective Explaining all things.

Milton.

All-Judging

ALL-JUDG'ING, adjective Judging all; possessing the sovereign right of judging.

Rowe.

All-Just

ALL-JUST', adjective Perfectly just.

All-Kind

ALL-KI'ND, adjective Perfectly kind or benevolent.

All-Knowing

ALL-KNO'WING, adjective Having all knowledge; omniscient.

Atterbury.

All-Licensed

ALL-LI'CENSED, adjective Licensed to every thing.

Shak.

All-Loving

ALL-LOV'ING, adjective Of infinite love.

More.

All-Making

ALL-MA'KING, adjective Making or creating all; omnific.

Dryden.

All-Maturing

ALL-MATU'RING, adjective Maturing all things.

Dryden.

All-Merciful

ALL-MER'CIFUL, adjective Of perfect mercy or compassion.

All-Murdering

ALL-MUR'DERING, adjective Killing or destroying every thing.

Fanshaw.

All-Obedient

ALL-OBE'DIENT, adjective Entirely obedient.

Crashaw.

All-Obeying

ALL-OBEY'ING, adjective [See Obey.] Receiving obedience from all.

Shak.

All-Oblivious

ALL-OBLIV'IOUS, adjective Causing total oblivion.

Shak.

All-Obscuring

ALL-OBSCU'RING, adjective Obscuring every thing.

King.

All-Patient

ALL-PA'TIENT, adjective Enduring every thing without murmurs.

Mitford.

All-Penetrating

ALL-PEN'ETRATING, adjective Penetrating every thing.

Stafford.

All-Perfect

ALL-PER'FECT, adjective Completely perfect; having all perfection.

All-Perfectness

ALL-PER'FECTNESS, noun The perfection of the whole; entire perfection.

More.

All-Piercing

ALL-PIER'CING, adjective Piercing every thing.

Marston.

All-Powerful

ALL-POW'ERFUL, adjective Almighty; omnipotent.

Swift.

All-Praised

ALL-PRA'ISED, adjective Praised by all.

Shak.

All-Ruling

ALL-RU'LING, adjective Governing all things.

Milton.

All-Sagacious

ALL-SAGA'CIOUS, adjective Having all sagacity; of perfect discernment.

All-Saints-Day

ALL-SAINTS-DAY, noun The first day of November, called also all hallows; a feast in honor of all the saints.

All-Sanctifying

ALL-SANC'TIFYING, adjective Sanctifying the whole.

West.

All-Saving

ALL-SA'VING, adjective Saving all.

Selden.

All-Searching

ALL-SEARCH'ING, adjective Pervading and seaching every thing.

South.

All-Seeing

ALL-SEE'ING, adjective Seeing every thing.

Dryden.

All-Seer

ALL-SEE'R, noun One that sees every thing.

Shak.

All-Shaking

ALL-SHA'KING, adjective Shaking all things.

Shak.

All-Shunned

ALL-SHUN'NED, adjective Shunned by all.

Shak.

All-Souls-Day

ALL-SOULS-DAY, noun The second day of November; a feast or solemnity held by the church of Rome, to supplicate for the souls of the faithful deceased.

All-Spice

ALL'-SPICE, noun The berry of the pimento, a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic.

All-Sufficiency

ALL-SUFFI'CIENCY, noun Complete or infinite ability.

Hall.

All-Sufficient

ALL-SUFFI'CIENT, adjective Sufficient to every thing; infinitely able.

Hooker.

All-Sufficient

ALL-SUFFI'CIENT, noun The all-sufficient Being; God.

Whitlock.

All-Surrounding

ALL-SURROUND'ING, adjective Encompassing the whole.

All-Surveying

ALL-SURVEY'ING, noun [See Survey.] Surveying every thing.

Sandys.

All-Sustaining

ALL-SUSTA'INING, adjective Upholding all things.

Beaumont.

All-Telling

ALL-TELL'ING, adjective Telling or divulging every thing.

Shak.

All-Triumphing

ALL-TRI'UMPHING, adjective Triumphant every where or over all.

Jonson.

All-Watched

ALL-WATCH'ED, adjective Watched throughout.

Shak.

All-Wise

ALL-WI'SE, adjective Possessed of infinite wisdom.

South.

All-Witted

ALL-WIT'TED, adjective Having all kinds of wit.

Jonson.

All-Worshiped

ALL-WOR'SHIPED, adjective Worshiped or adored by all.

Milton.

All-Worthy

ALL-WOR'THY, adjective Of infinite worth; of the highest worth.

Allagite

AL'LAGITE, noun A mineral, of a brown or green color, massive, with a flat conchoidal fracture, and nearly opake, found in the Hartz near Elbingerode.

Phillips.

Allanite

AL'LANITE, noun A mineral named from Mr. Allan, of Edinburgh, who first recognized it as a distinct species. It is massive, of a brownish black color, and conchoidal fracture. A siliceous oxyd of cerium.

Cleaveland. Jameson. Ure.

Allantois

ALLANTOIS' or ALLANTOID', noun [Greek, a sausage, and, form.]

A thin membrane, situated between the chorion and amnios in quadrupeds, and forming one of the membranes which invest the fetus in those animals.

Ed. Encyc.

Allatrate

AL'LATRATE, v.t. [Latin allatro.]

To bark, as a dog. [Not used.]

Stubbes.

Allay

ALLA'Y, v.t. [Saxon alecgan, alegan, to lay, to set, to depress, lecgan, to lay, to cast or strike down; German legen, Dutch leggen, to lay;

Greek. The French allier, to alloy, Spanish ligar, seems to be directly from the Latin ligo, to hind; but this may be the same word differently applied, that is, to set, to fix, to make fast, to unite. Allay and alloy were formerly used indifferently; but I have recognized an entire distinction between them, applying alloy to metals.]

1. To make quiet; to pacify, or appease; as, to allay the tumult of the passions, or to allay civil commotions.

2. To abate, mitigate, subdue or destroy; as, to allay grief or pain.

Females, who soften and allay the bitterness of adversity.

Rawle.

3. To obtund or repress as acrimony; as, to allay the acrid qualities of a substance.

4. Formerly, to reduce the purity of; as, to allay metals. But, in this sense, alloy is now exclusively used. [See Alloy.]

Allay

ALLA'Y, noun Formerly, a baser metal mixed with a finer; but in this sense it is now written alloy, which see.

2. That which allays, or abates the predominant qualities; as, the allay of colors.

Newton.

Also, abatement; diminution by means of some mixture; as, joy without allay. But alloy is now more generally used.

Allayed

ALLA'YED, participle passive Layed at rest; quieted; tranquilized; abated; [reduced by mixture. Obs.]

Allayer

ALLA'YER, noun He, or that, which allays.

Allaying

ALLA'YING, participle of the present tense Quieting; reducing to tranquillity; abating; [reducing by mixture. Obs.]

Allayment

ALLA'YMENT, noun The act of quieting, or a state of tranquillity; a state of rest after disturbance; abatement; ease; as, the allayment of grief.

Shak.

Alle

AL'LE, n. ally. The little auk, or black and white diver.

Allective

ALLEC'TIVE, adjective Alluring. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Allective

ALLEC'TIVE, noun Allurement. [Not used.]

Eliot.

Alledge

ALLEDGE' verb transitive [Latin allego, ad and lego, to send; French alleguer; Spanish alegar; Portugese allegar; Italian allegare. This is only a modified application of the lay; L loco, to set, or throw. See Class L g.]

1. To declare; to affirm; to assert; to pronounce with positiveness; as, to alledge a fact.

2. To produce as an argument, plea or excuse; to cite or quote; as, to alledge the authority of a judge.

Alledged

ALLEDG'ED, participle passive Affirmed; asserted, whether as a charge or a plea.

Alledger

ALLEDG'ER, noun One who affirms or declares.

Alledging

ALLEDG'ING, participle of the present tense Asserting; averring; declaring.

Allegation

ALLEGA'TION, noun Affirmation; positive assertion or declaration.

2. That which is affirmed or asserted; that which is offered as a plea, excuse or justification.

3. In ecclesiastical courts, a formal complaint, or declaration of charges.

Allege.

ALLEGE. [See Alledge.]

Allegeable

ALLEG'EABLE, adjective That may be alledged. [Not used.]

Brown.

Allegeas

ALLE'GEAS, or ALLE'GIAS, noun A stuff manufactured in the East Indies, of two kinds, one of cotton, the other of various plants which are spun like flax.

Encyc.

Allegement

ALLEG'EMENT, noun Allegation. [Notin use.]

Alleghanean

ALLEGHA'NEAN, adjective Pertaining to the mountains called Alleghany, or Alleghenny.

Alleghany

ALLEGHA'NY, noun The chief ridge of the great chains of mountains which run from N. East to S. West through the middle and southern states of North America; but, more appropriately, the main or unbroken ridge, which casts all the waters on one side to the east, and on the other side to the west. This ridge runs from Pennsylvania to Georgia, and chains extend through the U. States.

This name is given also to the river Ohio, above its confluence with the Monongahela; but improperly, as the Indian name of the river to its source is Ohio.

Allegiance

ALLE'GIANCE, noun [Old French from Latin alligo, of ad and ligo, to bind. See Liege and League.]

The tie or obligation of a subject to his Prince or government; the duty of fidelity to a king, government or state. Every native or citizen owes allegiance to the government under which he is born. This is called natural or implied allegiance, which arises from the connection of a person with the society in which he is born, and his duty to be a faithful subject, independent of any express promise. Express allegiance, is that obligation which proceeds from an express promise, or oath of fidelity.

Local or temporary allegiance is due from an alien to the government or state in which he resides.

Blackstone.

Allegiant

ALLE'GIANT, adjective Loyal. [Not used.]

Shak.

Allegoric

ALLEGOR'IC, or ALLEGOR'ICAL, adjective In the manner of allegory; figurative; describing by resemblances.

Allegorically

ALLEGOR'ICALLY, adverb In a figurative manner; by way of allegory.

Allegoricalness

ALLEGOR'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being allegorical.

Allegorize

AL'LEGORIZE, verb transitive To form an allegory; to turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a people.

Campbell.

2. To understand in an allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may be understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it.

Allegorize

AL'LEGORIZE, verb intransitive To use allegory; as, a man may allegorize, to please his fancy.

Allegorized

AL'LEGORIZED, participle passive Turned into allegory, or understood allegorically.

Allegorizing

AL'LEGORIZING, participle of the present tense Turning into allegory, or understanding in an allegorical sense.

Allegory

AL'LEGORY, noun [Greek, of, other, and, to speak, from, a forum, an oration.]

A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyphics are in painting. We have a fine example of an allegory in the eightieth psalm, in which God's chosen people are represented by a vineyard.

The distinction in scripture between a parable and an allegory, is said to be that a parable is a supposed history, and an allegory, a figurative description of real facts. An allegory is called a continued metaphor. The following line in Virgil is an example of an allegory.

Claudite jam rivos, pueri, sat prata biberunt.

Stop the currents, young men, the meadows have drank sufficiently; that is, let your music cease, our ears have been sufficiently delighted.

Encyc.

Allegretto

ALLEGRET'TO, [from allegro,] denotes, in music, a movement or time quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro.

Rousseau. Busby.

Allegro

ALLE'GRO, [Italian merry, cheerful; Italian leggiÃƒ-©re; Spanish ligero; French leger, light, nimble. See Light.]

In music, a word denoting a brisk movement; a sprightly part or strain; the quickest except presto. Piu allegro is a still quicker movement.

Rousseau. Encyc.

Alleluiah

ALLELU'IAH, noun [Hebrew, praise to Jah.]

Praise to Jehovah; a word used to denote pious joy and exultation, chiefly in hymns and anthems. The Greeks retained the word in their, praise to Io; probably a corruption of Jah. The Romans retained the latter word in their Io triumphe.

Allemand

ALLEMAND', noun A slow air in common time, or grave, solemn music, with a slow movement. Also a brisk dance, or a figure in dancing.

Dict. of Music.

Allemannic

ALLEMAN'NIC, adjective Belonging to the Alemanni, ancient Germans, and to Alemannia, their country. The word is generally supposed to be composed of all and manni, all men. Cluver, p. 68. This is probably an error. The word is more probably composed of the Celtic all, other, the root of Latin alius and man, place; one of another place, a stranger. The Welsh allman is thus rendered, and this seems to be the original word.

Owen, Welsh Dict.

The name, Alemanni, seems to have been first given to the Germans who invaded Gaul in the reign of Augustus.

Cluver, Germ. Antiq.

Allerion

ALLER'ION, noun In heraldry, an eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings; denoting Imperialists vanquished and disarmed.

Encyc.

Alleveur

ALLEVEU'R, noun A small Swedish coin, value about a cent.

Encyc.

Alleviate

ALLE'VIATE, verb transitive [Low Latin allevio; ad and levo, to raise, levis, light; French lever; Italian levare, to raise; Spanish llevar, to carry, levantar, to raise, and levante, a rising, and the eastern coasts of the Mediterranean, the east, so called from the rising of the sun, like oriental, from orior, to rise; Saxon hlifian, to be eminent. See Lift.]

1. To make light; but always in a figurative sense, as it is not applied to material objects. To remove in part; to lessen, mitigate, or make easier to be endured; applied to evils; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, punishment, a burden, &c.; opposed to aggravate.

2. To make less by representation; to lessen the magnitude or criminality; to extenuate; applied to moral conduct; as, to alleviate an offense. [This sense of the word is rare.]

Alleviated

ALLE'VIATED, participle passive Made lighter; mitigated; eased; extenuated.

Alleviating

ALLE'VIATING, participle of the present tense Making lighter, or more tolerable; extenuating.

Alleviation

ALLEVIA'TION, noun The act of lightening, allaying, or extenuating; a lessening or mitigation.

2. That which lessens, mitigates or makes more tolerable; as, the sympathy of a friend is an alleviation of grief.

I have not wanted such alleviations of life, as friendship could supply. Dr. Johnson's letter to Mr. Hector.

Boswell.

This use of alleviation is hardly legitimate without supplying some word expressing evil, as trouble, sorrow, &c.

Without such alleviations of the cares of troubles of life.

Alleviative

ALLE'VIATIVE, noun That which mitigates. [Not in use.]

Alley

AL'LEY, n. al'ly. [French allÃƒ-©e, a passage, from aller to go; Irish alladh. Literally, a passing or going.]

1. A walk in a garden; a narrow passage.

2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street.

3. A place in London where stocks are bought and sold.

Ash.

Alliaceous

ALLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin allium, garlic.]

Pertaining to allium, or garlic; having the properties of garlic.

Barton.

Alliance

ALLI'ANCE, noun [French alliance, from allier, lier, to tie or unite, from Latin ligo, Greek; Spanish alianza; Portugese alianÃƒ-§a; Italian alleanza; from the same root as liege, league, allegiance; class Lating.]

1. The relation or union between families, contracted by marriage.

Dryden.

2. The union between nations, contracted by compact, treaty or league.

3. The treaty, league, or compact, which is the instrument of confederacy; sometimes perhaps the act of confederating.

4. Any union or connection of interests between persons, families, states or corporations; as, an alliance between church and state.

5. The persons or parties allied; as, men or states may secure any alliances in their power.

Addison.

Alliant

ALLI'ANT, noun An ally. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Alliciency

ALLI'CIENCY, noun [Latin allicio, ad and lacio; German locken; Dutch lokken; Swedish locka; Danish lokker; Latin allecto, elicio. Class L g.]

The power of attracting any thing; attraction; magnetism. [Little used.]

Glanville.

Allicient

ALLI'CIENT, noun That which attracts. [Not used.]

Robinson.

Allied

ALLI'ED, participle passive Connected by marriage, treaty or similitude. [See Ally.]

Alligate

AL'LIGATE, verb transitive [Latin alligo, ad and ligo, to bind. See Allegiance, Liege, League.]

To tie together; to unite by some tie.

Alligation

ALLIGA'TION, noun The act of tying together; the state of being tied. [Little used.]

2. A rule of arithmetic, for finding the price or value of compounds consisting of ingredients of different values. Thus if a quantity of sugar, worth eight cents the pound, and another quantity worth ten cents, are mixed, the question to be solved by alligation, is, what is the value of the mixture by the pound. Alligation is of two kinds, medial and alternate; medial, when the rate of a mixture is sought from the rates and quantities of the simples; alternate, when the quantities of the simples are sought from the rates of the simples, and the rate of the mixture.

Alligator

ALLIGA'TOR, noun [Properly allagarto, from the Spanish and Portuguese lagarto, a lizard; Latin lacerta. The Latin word seems to be connected with lacertus, the arm; and the animal may be named from the resemblance of his legs to arms.]

The American crocodile. This animal is of the lizard genus, having a long naked body, four feet, with five toes on the fore feet, and four on the hind, armed with claws, and a serrated tail. The mouth is very large, and furnished with sharp teeth; the skin is brown, tough, and, on the sides, covered with tubercles. The largest of these animals grow to the length of seventeen or eighteen feet. They live in and about the rivers in warm climates, eat fish, and sometimes catch hogs, on the shore, or dogs which are swimming. In winter, they burrow in the earth, which they enter under water and work upwards, lying torpid till spring. The female lays a great number of eggs, which are deposited in the sand, and left to be hatched by the heat of the sun.

Encyc.

Alligator-Pear

ALLIGA'TOR-PEAR, noun A West India fruit, resembling a pear in shape, from one to two pounds in weight, (Laurus Persea, Linne.) It contains within its rind a yellow butyraceous substance, which, when the fruit is perfectly ripe, constitutes an agreeable food.

Encyc.

Alligature

ALLIG'ATURE, noun See Ligature, which is the word in use.

Allinement

ALLI'NEMENT, noun [French alignement, a row, a squaring, from ligne, line; Latin linea.]

A reducing to a line or to a square; a state of being in squares, in a line, or on a level; a line; a row.

Asiat. Res. Columbiad.

Allioth

AL'LIOTH, noun A star in the tail of the great bear, much used for finding the latitude at sea.

Encyc.

Allision

ALLISION, n. allizh'un. [Latin allido, to dash or strike against, of ad and loedo, to hurt by striking; Irish leas, a sore; Dutch leed, a hurt; Dutch beleedigen; German beleidigen, to hurt; French blesser, to hurt. Loedo forms its participle loesus. Class. L d. L s.]

A striking against; as, the allision of the sea against the shore.

Woodward.

Alliteration

ALLITERA'TION, noun [Latin ad and litera, a letter.

The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; as f and g in the following line:

Fields ever fresh, and groves forever green.

Alliterative

ALLIT'ERATIVE, adjective Pertaining to, or consisting in, alliteration.

Allocation

ALLOCA'TION, noun [Latin ad and locatio, a placing, from locus, place. See Local.]

The act of putting one thing to another; hence its usual sense is the admission of an article of account, or an allowance made upon an account; a term used in the English Exchequer. [See Allow.]

Chambers. Johnson.

Allochroite

AL'LOCHROITE, noun An amorphous, massive, opake mineral, of a grayish, yellowish or reddish color, found in Norway; considered as a variety of garnet. Its name is said to be given to it, as expressive of its changes of color before the blowpipe; Greek, other, and, color.

Cleaveland.

Allocution

ALLOCU'TION, noun [Latin allocutio, of ad and loquor, to speak. See Eloquence.]

1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words.

2. An address; a formal address; as, of a General to his troops; a Roman term, rarely used in English.

Addison. Encyc.

Allodial

ALLO'DIAL, adjective Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; opposed to feudal.

Blackstone.

Allodian

ALLODIAN is sometimes used, but is not well authorized.

Cowel.

Allodium

ALLO'DIUM, noun [French alleu, contr. word. According to O'Brien, in his Focaloir, or Dictionary of the Irish, this word is the Celtic allod, ancient. According to Pontoppidan, it is composed of all and odh, all-property, or whole estate.]

Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to feud. In England, there is no allodial land, all land being held of the king; but in the United States, most lands are allodial.

Allonge

ALLONGE', n. allunj'. [French allonger, to lengthen, to thrust, allongÃƒ-©, lengthened, of ad and long.]

1. A pass with a sword; a thrust made by stepping forward and extending the arm; a term used in fencing, often contracted into lunge.

2. A long rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand.

Johnson.

Alloo

ALLOO', verb transitive or i. To incite dogs by a call.

Phillips.

[See the correct word, Halloo.]

Allophane

AL'LOPHANE, noun [Greek, other, and, to appear.]

A mineral of a blue, and sometimes of a green or brown color, which occurs massive, or in imitative shapes. It gelatinizes in acids.

Ure.

Allophane is a variety of clay, occurring in amorphous, botryoidal or reniform masses.

Cleaveland.

Allot

ALLOT', verb transitive [of ad and lot; Saxon hlot. See Lot.]

1. To divide or distribute by lot.

2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute a share to each individual concerned.

3. To grant, as a portion; to give, assign or appoint in general.

Let every man be contented with that which providence allots to him.

Allotment

ALLOT'MENT, noun That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God.

2. A part, portion or place appropriated.

In a field, there is an allotment for olives.

Broome.

Allotted

ALLOT'TED, participle passive Distributed by lot; granted; assigned.

Allottery

ALLOT'TERY is used by Shakespeare for allotment; but is not authorized by usage.

Allotting

ALLOT'TING, participle of the present tense Distributing by lot giving as portions; assigning.

Allow

ALLOW', verb transitive [French allouer, from louer; Latin loco, to lay, set, place; Welsh llogi; Norm. alluer. See Lay. Class. L g.]

1. To grant, give or yield; as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a pension.

2. To admit; as, to allow the truth of a proposition; to allow a claim.

3. To admit; to own or acknowledge; as, to allow the right of the President to displace officers.

4. To approve, justify or sanction.

Ye allow the deeds of your fathers.

Luke 11. Romans 7.

5. To afford, or grant as a compensation; as, to allow a dollar a day for wages.

6. To abate or deduct; as, to allow a sum for tare or leakage.

7. To permit; to grant license to; as, to allow a son to be absent.

Allowable

ALLOW'ABLE, adjective That may be permitted as lawful, or admitted as true and proper; not forbid; not unlawful or improper; as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among friends.

Allowableness

ALLOW'ABLENESS, noun The quality of being allowable; lawfulness; exemption from prohibition, or impropriety.

South.

Allowably

ALLOW'ABLY, adverb In an allowable manner; with propriety.

Lowth.

Allowance

ALLOW'ANCE, noun The act of allowing or admitting.

2. Permission; license; approbation; sanction; usually slight approbation.

Locke. Shak.

3. Admission; assent to a fact or state of things; a granting.

Hooker.

4. Freedom from restraint; indulgence.

5. That which is allowed; a portion appointed; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, in seamen's language, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short.

6. Abatement; deduction; as, to make an allowance for the inexperience of youth.

7. Established character; reputation; as, a pilot of approved allowance. Obs.

Shak.

Allowance

ALLOW'ANCE, verb transitive To put upon allowance; to restrain or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink.

Distress compelled the captain of the ship to allowance his crew.

Allowed

ALLOW'ED, participle passive Granted; permitted; assented to; admitted; approved; indulged; appointed; abated.

Allowing

ALLOW'ING, participle of the present tense Granting; permitting; admitting; approving; indulging; deducting.

Alloy

ALLOY', verb transitive [French allier, to unite or mix; Latin alligo, ad and ligo, to bind; Greek; Spanish ligar, to tie or bind, to alloy or mix base metals with gold or silver, to league or confederate; Portugese id.; Italian legare. We observe that alloy and league, alliance, ally, are from the same root. Class L g.]

1. To reduce the purity of a metal, by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable; as, to alloy gold with silver, or silver with copper.

2. To mix metals.

Lavoisier.

3. To reduce or abate by mixture; as, to alloy pleasure with misfortunes.

Alloy

ALLOY', noun A baser metal mixed with a finer.

2. The mixture of different metals; any metallic compound; this is its common signification in chimistry.

3. Evil mixed with good; as, no happiness is without alloy.

Alloyage

ALLOY'AGE, noun [French alliage, from allier.]

1. The act of alloying metals, or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce its purity; the act of mixing metals.

2. The mixture of different metals.

Lavoisier.

Alloyed

ALLOY'ED, participle passive Mixed; reduced in purity; debased; abated by foreign mixture.

Alloying

ALLOY'ING, participle of the present tense Mixing a baser metal with a finer, to reduce its purity; abating by foreign mixture.

Allspice

ALL'SPICE. [See under the compounds of all.]

Allude

ALLU'DE, verb intransitive [Latin alludo, to smile upon or make sport with, of ad and ludo, to play; Spanish Portugese aludir; Italian alludere. Class L d.]

To refer to something not directly mentiontioned; to have reference; to hint at by remote suggestions; as, that story alludes to a recent transaction.

Alluding

ALLU'DING, participle of the present tense Having reference; hinting at.

Alluminor

ALLU'MINOR, noun [French allumer, to light. See Limner.]

One who colors or paints upon paper or parchment, giving light and ornament to letters and figures.

Cowel. Encyc.

This is now written limner.

Allure

ALLU'RE, verb transitive [French leurrer, to decoy, from leurre, a lure.]

To attempt to draw to; to tempt by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; as, rewards allure men to brave danger. Sometimes used in a bad sense, to allure to evil; but in this sense entice is more common. In Hosea 2:14allure is used in its genuine sense; in 2 Peter 2:18in the sense of entice.

Allured

ALLU'RED, participle passive Tempted; drawn, or invited, by something that appears desirable.

Allurement

ALLU'REMENT, noun That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; temptation; enticement; as, the allurements of pleasure, or of honor.

Allurer

ALLU'RER, noun He, or that, which allures.

Alluring

ALLU'RING, participle of the present tense Drawing; tempting; inviting by some real or apparent good.

2. adjective Inviting; having the quality of attracting or tempting.

Alluringly

ALLU'RINGLY, adverb In an alluring manner; enticingly.

Alluringness

ALLU'RINGNESS, noun The quality of alluring or tempting by the prospect of some good. [Rarely used.]

Allusion

ALLU'SION, n. allÃƒ-ºzhun. [French from allusio, Low Latin See Allude.]

A reference to something not explicitly mentioned; a hint; a suggestion, by which something is applied or understood to belong to that which is not mentioned, by means of some similitude which is perceived between them.

Burnet.

Allusive

ALLU'SIVE, adjective Having reference to something not fully expressed.

South.

Allusively

ALLU'SIVELY, adverb By way of allusion; by implication, remote suggestion or insinuation.

Hammond.

Allusiveness

ALLU'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being allusive. [Rarely used.]

Alluvial

ALLU'VIAL, adjective [See Alluvion.]

1. Pertaining to alluvion; added to land by the wash of water.

2. Washed ashore or down a stream; formed by a current of water; as, alluvial ores; alluvial soil.

Kirwan.

Alluvion

ALLU'VION, or ALLU'VIUM, noun [Latin alluvio, of ad and lavo or luo, alluo, to wash. See Lave.]

1. The insensible increase of earth on a shore, or bank of a river, by the force of water, as by a current or by waves. The owner of the land thus augmented has a right to the alluvial earth.

2. A gradual washing or carrying of earth or other substances to a shore or bank; the earth thus added.

3. The mass of substances collected by means of the action of water.

In this alluvium was found the entire skeleton of a whale.

Buckland.

Alluvious

ALLU'VIOUS, adjective The same as alluvial, and less frequently used.

Ally

ALLY', verb transitive [French allier; reciprocal verb, s'allier, to match or confederate; from ad and lier, to tie or unite. Latin ligo.]

1. To unite, or form a relation, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league or confederacy.

2. To form a relation by similitude, resemblance or friendship. Note. This word is more generally used in the passive form, as families are allied by blood; or reciprocally, as princes ally themselves to powerful states.

Ally

ALLY' noun A prince or state united by treaty or league; a confederate.

The allies of Rome were slaves.

Ames.

2. One related by marriage or other tie; but seldom applied to individuals, except to princes in their public capacity.

Allying

ALLY'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting by marriage or treaty.

Almacantar

AL'MACANTAR, noun [See Almucantar.]

Almadie

ALMADIE, noun A bark canoe used by the Africans; also a long boat used at Calicut, in India, eighty feet long, and six or seven broad; called also cathuri.

Encyc.

Almagest

AL'MAGEST, noun [al and, greatest.]

A book or collection of problems in astronomy and geometry, drawn up by Ptolemy. The same title has been given to other works of the like kind.

Encyc.

Almagra

ALMA'GRA, noun A fine deep red ocher, with an admixture of purple, very heavy, dense but friable, with a rough dusty surface. It is the sil atticum of the ancients. It is austere to the taste, astringent, melting in the mouth and staining the skin. It is used as a paint and as a medicine.

Encyc.

Almanack

AL'MANACK, noun [Arabic al and manach, manack, a calendar, or diary.]

A small book or table, containing a calendar of days, weeks and months, with the times of the rising of the sun and moon, changes of the moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, &c. for the year ensuing. This calendar is sometimes published on one side of a single sheet, and called a sheet-almanack.

The Baltic nations formerly engraved their calendars on pieces of wood, on swords, helves of axes, and various other utensils, and especially on walking sticks. Many of these are preserved in the cabinets of the curious. They are called by different nations, rimstocks, primstaries, runstocks, runstaffs, clogs, &c.

The characters used are generally the Runic or Gothic.

Junius. Encyc. Tooke's Russia.

Almanack-Maker

ALMANACK-MAKER, noun A maker of almanacks.

Almandine

AL'MANDINE, noun [French and Italian] In mineralogy, precious garnet, a beautiful mineral of a red color, of various shades, sometimes tinged with yellow or blue. It is commonly translucent, sometimes transparent. It occurs crystalized in the rhombic dodecahedron.

Phillips.

Alme

AL'ME, or AL'MA, noun Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is to amuse company with singing and dancing.

Encyc. Savary.

Almena

ALME'NA, noun A weight of two pounds, used to weigh saffron in several parts of Asia.

Spanish Dict.

Almightiness

ALMI'GHTINESS, noun Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; an attribute of God only.

Almighty

ALMI'GHTY, adjective [all and mighty. See Might.]

Possessing all power; omnipotent; being of unlimited might; being of boundless sufficiency; appropriately applied to the Supreme Being.

Almighty

ALMI'GHTY, noun The Omnipotent God.

Almond

AL'MOND, noun [French amande; Italian mandola; Spanish almendra; Germ. mandel.]

1. The fruit of the almond tree; an ovate, compressed nut, perforated in the pores. It is either sweet or bitter. [It is popularly pronounced ammond.]

Nicholson. Encyc.

2. The tonsils, two glands near the basis of the tongue, are called almonds, from their resemblance to that nut; vulgularly, but improperly, called the almonds of the ears, as they belong to the throat.

Quincy. Johnson.

3. In Portugal, a measure by which wine is sold, twenty-six of which make a pipe.

Encyc.

[But in Portuguese it is written almude.]

4. Among lapidaries, almonds signify pieces of rock crystal, used in adorning branch candlesticks, so called from their resemblance to this fruit.

Encyc.

Almond-Furnace

ALMOND-FURNACE, among refiners, is a furnace in which the slags of litharge, left in refining silver, are reduced to lead, by the help of charcoal; that is, according to modern chimistry, in which the oxyd of lead is deoxydized, and the metal revived.

Almond-Tree

ALMOND-TREE, noun The tree which produces the almond. The leaves and flowers resemble those of the peach, but the fruit is longer and more compressed, the green coat is thinner and drier when ripe, and the shell is not so rugged.

Miller.

Almond-Willow

ALMOND-WILLOW, noun A tree with leaves of a light green on both sides.

Mason from Shenstone.

Almoner

AL'MONER, noun [See Alms.]

An officer whose duty is to distribute charity or alms. By the ancient canons, every monastery was to dispose of a tenth of its income in alms to the poor, and all bishops were obliged to keep an almoner. This title is sometimes given to a chaplain; as, the almoner of a ship or regiment.

The Lord Almoner, or Lord High Almoner, in England, is an ecclesiastical officer, generally a bishop, who has the forfeiture of all deodands, and the goods of self-murderers, which he is to distribute to the poor.

The Grand Almoner, in France, is the first ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence of hospitals.

Encyc.

Almonry

AL'MONRY, noun [Corrupted into ambry, aumbry, or aumery.]

The place where the almoner resides, or where the alms are distributed.

Almost

ALMO'ST, adverb [all and most. The Saxon order of writing was thus; "all most who were present." Saxon Chron. p. 225. We now use a duplication, almost all who were present.]

Nearly; well nigh; for the greatest part.

Almost thou persuadest me to be a christian. Acts 26.

Alms

ALMS, n. Ãƒ- mz. [Saxon almes; old almesse; Norm. almoignes; French aumones; Dutch aalmoes; Swedish almosa; Danish almisse; German almosen; Latin eleemosyna; Greek. The first syllables appear to be from, to pity.]

Any thing given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing, otherwise called charity.

A lame man was laid daily to ask an alms. Acts 3.

Cornelius gave much alms to the people. Acts 10.

Tenure by free alms, or frank-almoign, in England, is that by which the possessor is bound to pray for the soul of the donor, whether dead or alive; a tenure by which most of the ancient monasteries and religious houses in England held their lands, as do the parochial clergy, and many ecclesiastical and eleemosynary establishments at this day. Land thus held was free from all rent or other service.

Blackstone.

Alms-Basket

`ALMS-BASKET; `ALMS-BOX; `ALMS-CHEST; vessels appropriated to receive alms.

Alms-Deed

`ALMS-DEED, noun An act of charity; a charitable gift.

Alms-Folk

`ALMS-FOLK, noun Persons supporting others by alms. [Not used.]

Alms-Giver

`ALMS-GIVER, noun One who gives to the poor.

Bacon.

Alms-Giving

`ALMS-GIVING, noun The bestowment of charity.

Alms-House

`ALMS-HOUSE, noun A house appropriated for the use of the poor, vho are supported by the public.

Alms-Men

`ALMS-MEN, or `ALMS-PEOPLE, noun Persons supported by charity or by public provision.

Almucantar

AL'MUCANTAR, noun [Arabic.] A series of circles of the sphere passing through the center of the sun, or of a star, parallel to the horizon. It is synonymous with a parallel of altitude, whose common zenith is the vertical point.

Bailey. Encyc. Johnson.

Almucantars Staff

ALMUCANTAR'S STAFF. An instrument of box or pear-tree, having an arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the sun, about the time of its rising or setting, to find the amplitude and the variations of the compass.

Encyc. Chambers.

Almude

ALMU'DE, noun A wine measure in Portugal, of which twenty-six make a pipe.

Portugese Dict.

Almug

AL'MUG, or AL'GUM, noun In scripture, a tree or wood about which the learned are not agreed. The most probable conjecture is that the word denotes gummy or resinous wood in general.

The Vulgate translates it ligna thyina, and the Septuagint, wrought-wood; others, ebony, bravil or pine, and the Rabbins render it coral. It was used for musical instruments, stair cases, &c.

The thyinum is the citron tree, from Mauritania, much esteemed by the ancients for its fragrance and beauty. The almug, almugim, or algumim, or simply gummim, is most probably a gummy wood, and perhaps may be the Shittim, often mentioned in Scripture. See 1 Kings 10:11.

Calmet. Encyc.

Alnage

AL'NAGE, noun [French aulnage, now softened into aunage; Latin ulna; Greek, an arm, a cubit; Welsh elin; Irish uelen, uile, or uilean, an elbow, a nook, or corner. See Ell.]

A measuring by the ell.

Alnager

AL'NAGER, or AL'NAGAR, noun A measurer by the ell; a sworn officer, whose duty was to inspect and measure woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal. This office was abolished by Statute, 11. and 12. Will. 3. No duty or office of this kind exists in the United States.

Alnight

AL'NIGHT, noun A cake of wax with the wick in the midst.

Bacon.

Aloe

AL'OE, n. al'o, plu. aloes, pronounced aloze, and popularly al'oez, in three syllables, according to the Latin. [Latin aloÃƒ-«; Greek; Spanish Portugese Italian French aloe; Hebrew plu. aloetrees.]

In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many species; all natives of warm climates, and most of them, of the southern part of Africa.

Among the Mohammedans, the aloe is a symbolic plant, especially in Egypt; and every one who returns from a pilgrimage to Mecca, hangs it over his street door, as a token that he has performed the journey.

In Africa, the leaves of the Guinea aloe are made into durable ropes. Of one species are made fishing lines, bow strings, stockings and hammocs. The leaves of another species hold rain water.

Aloes

ALOES, in medicine, is the inspissated juice of the aloe. The juice is collected from the leaves, which are cut and put in a tub, and when a large quantity is procured, it is boiled to a suitable consistence; or it is exposed to the sun, till all the fluid part is exhaled. There are several kinds sold in the shops; as the socotrine aloes from Socotora, an isle in the Indian ocean; the hepatic or common Barbadoes aloes; and the fetid or caballine aloes.

Aloes is a stimulating stomachic purgative; when taken in small doses, it is useful for people of a lax habit and sedentary life.

Encyc.

Aloes-Wood

AL'OES-WOOD, n.

Aloes-Wood

AL'OES-WOOD, noun [See Agallochum.]

Aloetic

ALOET'IC, or ALOET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to aloe or aloes; partaking of the qualities of aloes.

Aloetic

ALOET'IC, noun A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes.

Quincy.

Aloft

ALOFT', adverb [a and loft. See Loft and Luff.]

1. On high; in the air; high above the ground; as, the eagle soars aloft.

2. In seamen's language, in the top; at the mast head; or on the higher yards or rigging. Hence on the upper part, as of a building.

Alogians

ALO'GIANS, noun [a neg. and, word.]

In church history, a sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be the Logos. and consequently rejected the gospel of St. John.

Buck. Encyc.

Alogotrophy

AL'OGOTROPHY, noun [Greek, unreasonable, and, nutrition.]

A disproportionate nutrition of the parts of the body, as when one part receives more or less nourishment and growth than another.

Bailey.

Alogy

AL'OGY, noun [Greek and.]

Unreasonableness; absurdity. Obs.

Brown.

Alone

ALO'NE, adjective [all and one; Germ. allein; Dutch alleen; Swedish allena; Danish allene.]

1. Single; solitary; without the presence of another; applied to a person or thing.

It is not good that man should be alone. Genesis 2.

[This adjective follows its noun.]

2. It is applied to two or more persons or things, when separate from others, in a place or condition by themselves; without company.

And when they were alone, he expounded all things to his disciples. Mark 4.

3. Only.

Thou whose name alone is Jehovah. Psalm 83.

This sense at first appears to be adverbial, but really is not; whose name single, solitary, without another, is Jehovah.

To let alone is to suffer to rest; to forbear molesting or meddling with; to suffer to remain in its remain in its present state. Alone, in this phrase, is an adjective, the word to which it refers being omitted; let me alone; let them alone; let it alone; that is, suffer it to be unmolested, or to remain as it is, or let it remain by itself.

Alone

ALO'NE, adverb Separately; by itself.

Alonely

ALO'NELY, adjective or adverb Only; merely; singly. [Not used.]

Gower.

Aloneness

ALO'NENESS, noun That state which belongs to no other. [Not used.]

Montague.

Along

ALONG', adverb [Saxon and-lang or ond-lang; French au long, le long. See Long. The Saxons always prefixed and or ond, and the sense seems to be, by the length, or opposite the length, or in the direction of the length.]

1. By the length; lengthwise; in a line with the length; as, the troops marched along the bank of the river, or along the highway. 1 Samuel 6.

2. Onward; in a line, or with a progressive motion; as, a meteor glides along the sky; let us walk along.

All along signifies the whole length; through the whole distance; in the whole way or length.

Ishmael went forth, weeping all along as he went. Jeremiah 41:1 Samuel 28.

Along with signifies in company; joined with; as, Go along with us. Sometimes with is omitted;

Come then, my friend, my genius, come along.

Pope.

Along side, in seamen's language, that is, by the length or in a line with the side, signifies side by side, as by another ship or by the side of a wharf.

Along shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the shore.

Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down by the weight of sail.

Mar. Dict.

Alongst

ALONGST', adverb Along; through or by the length. Obs.

Knolles.

Aloof

ALOOF, adverb [Probably from the root of leave, to depart.]

1. At a distance, but within view, or at a small distance, in a literal sense; as, to stand aloof.

2. In a figurative sense, not concerned in a design; declining to take any share, implying circumspection; keeping at a distance from the point, or matter in debate.

Alopecy

AL'OPECY, noun [Greek, a fox, whose urine is said to occasion baldness.]

A disease, called the fox-evil or scurf, which is a falling off of the hair, from any part of the body.

Quincy. Encyc. Bailey.

Alosa

ALO'SA, noun A fish of passage, called the shad, or mother of herrings, a species of Clupea. It is an abdominal, and some naturalists allege it to be a different species from the shad.

Encyc. Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Aloud

ALOUD', adverb [a and loud; Saxon gehlyd, clamor. See Loud.]

Loudly; with a loud voice, or great noise. Cry aloud, spare not. Isaiah 58.

Alp

ALP, ALPS, noun [Qu. Greek, white; Latin albus. The Celts called all high mountains alpes or olbe. Cluver. Thucydides mentions a castle, in the territory of Argos, situated on a hill and called Olpas or Olp. Lib. 3. Ca. 105. Pelloutier, Hist. des Celtes, Liv. 1. 15. The derivation of the word from, white, is therefore doubtful. In Irish or Gaelic, ailp is a huge mass or lump.]

A high mountain. The name, it is supposed, was originally given to mountains whose tops were covered with snow, and hence appropriately applied to the mountains of Swisserland; so that by Alps is generally understood the latter mountains. But geographers apply the name to any high mountains.

Pinkerton.

Alpagna

ALPAG'NA, noun An animal of Peru, used as a beast of burden; the Camelus Paco of Linne, and the Pacos of Pennant.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Alpha

AL'PHA, noun [Hebrew an ox, a leader.]

The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and used to denote first or beginning.

I am Alpha and Omega. Revelation 1.

As a numeral, it stands for one. It was formerly used also to denote chief; as, Plato was the Alpha of the wits.

Alphabet

AL'PHABET, noun [Greek and, A and B.]

The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters which form the elements of speech.

Alphabet

AL'PHABET, verb transitive To arrange in the order of an alphabet; to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by the letters of the alphabet.

Alphabetarian

ALPHABETA'RIAN, noun A learner while in the A. B. C.

Alphabetic

ALPHABET'IC, or ALPHABET'ICAL, adjective In the order of an alphabet, or in the order of the letters as customarily arranged.

Alphabetically

ALPHABET'ICALLY, adverb In an alphabetical manner; in the customary order of the letters.

Alphenix

ALPHE'NIX, noun [al and phoenix.]

White barley sugar, used for colds. It is common sugar boiled till it will easily crack; then poured upon an oiled marble table, and molded into various figures.

Encyc.

Alphest

AL'PHEST, noun A small fish, having a purple back and belly, with yellow sides, a smooth mouth, and thick fleshy lips; always caught near the shore or among rocks. Labrus Cinoedus, Linne.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Alphonsin

ALPHON'SIN, noun A surgical instrument for extracting bullets from wounds, so called from its inventor, Alphonsus Ferrier of Naples. It consists of three branches, which close by a ring, and open when it is drawn back.

Encyc.

Alphonsin Tables.

ALPHON'SIN TABLES. Astronomical tables made by Alphonsus king of Arragon.

Bailey.

Alphus

AL'PHUS, noun [Greek, white.]

That species of leprosy called vitiligo, in which the skin is rough, with white spots.

Quincy.

Alpine

AL'PINE, adjective [Latin alpinus, from Alpes.]

1. Pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; very high; elevated.

2. Growing on high mountains; as, alpine plants.

Milton. Thomson.

Alpine

AL'PINE, noun A kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills.

Alpist

AL'PIST, or AL'PIA, noun The seed of the fox-tail; a small seed, used for feeding birds.

Encyc.

Alquier

AL'QUIER, noun A measure in Portugal for dry things, as well as liquids, containing half an almude or about two gallons. It is called also Cantar.

Portugese Dict.

Alquifou

AL'QUIFOU, noun A sort of lead ore, which, when broke, looks like antimony. It is found in Cornwall, England; used by potters to give a green varnish to their wares, and called potters ore. A small mixture of manganese gives it a blackish hue.

Encyc.

Already

ALREAD'Y, adv. alred'dy. [all and ready. See Ready.]

Literally, a state of complete preparation; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at this time, or at a specified time.

Elias is come already. Matthew 17.

Joseph was in Egypt already. Exodus 1.

It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be already completed, or will have been completed already.

Also

AL'SO, adverb [all and so. Saxon eal and swa; eal, all, the whole, and swa, so.]

Likewise; in like manner.

Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. Matthew 16.

Alt

ALT or AL'TO, adjective [Italian from Latin altus, high; Celt, alt, ailt, a high place; Hebrew upper, high.]

In music, a term applied to high notes in the scale. In sculpture, alto-relievo, high relief, is when the figures project half or more, without being entirely detached from the ground.

Encyc. Cyc.

Altaic

ALTA'IC, or ALTA'IAN, adjective [Tart. alatau, perhaps al-tag, high mountain. Tooke 1, 121.]

Pertaining to the Altai, a vast ridge of mountains extending, in an easterly direction, through a considerable part of Asia, and forming a boundary between the Russian and Chinese dominions.

Pinkerton. Encyc.

Altar

AL'TAR, noun [Latin altare, probably from the same root as altus, high; Celtic, alt, a high place.]

1. A mount; a table or elevated place, on which sacrifices were anciently offered to some deity. Altars were originally made of turf, afterwards of stone, wood or horn; some were round, others square, others triangular. They differed also in highth, but all faced the east. The principal altars of the Jews were, the altar of incense, of burnt-offerings, and of showbread; all of shittim wood, and covered with gold or brass.

Encyc.

2. In modern churches, the communion table; and, figuratively, a church; a place of worship.

3. In scripture, Christ is called the altar of Christians, he being the atoning sacrifice for sin.

We have an altar, whereof they have no right to eat, who serve tabernacles. Hebrews 13.

Altar-Cloth

AL'TAR-CLOTH, noun A cloth to lay upon an altar in churches.

Altar-Piece

AL'TAR-PIECE, noun A painting placed over the altar in a church.

Warton.

Altar-Wise

AL'TAR-WISE, adverb Placed in the manner of an altar.

Howell.

Altarage

AL'TARAGE, noun The profits arising to priests from oblations, or on account of the altar. Also, in law, altars erected in virtue of donations, before the reformation, within a parochial church, for the purpose of singing a mass for deceased friends.

Encyc.

Altarist

AL'TARIST, or AL'TAR-THANE, noun In old laws, an appellation given to the priest to whom the altarage belonged; also a chaplain.

Cyc.

Alter

AL'TER, verb transitive [French alterer; Spanish alterar; Italian alterare; from Latin alter, another. See Alien. Alter is supposed to be a contraction of, alienus, of and.]

1. To make some change in; to make different in some particular; to vary in some degree, without an entire change.

My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that has gone out of my lips. Psalm 89.

2. To change entirely or materially; as, to alter an opinion. In general, to alter is to change partially; to change is more generally to substitute one thing for another, or to make a material difference in a thing.

Alter

AL'TER, verb intransitive To become, in some respects, different; to vary; as, the weather alters almost daily.

The law which altereth not. Danish vi.

Alterability

AL'TERABILITY, noun The quality of being susceptible of alteration.

Alterable

AL'TERABLE, adjective That may become different; that may vary.

Alterableness

AL'TERABLENESS, noun The quality of admitting alteration; variableness.

Alterably

AL'TERABLY, adverb In a manner that may be altered, or varied.

Alterage

AL'TERAGE, noun [From alo, to feed.]

The breeding, nourishing or fostering of a child. Sir J. Davies. But this is not an English word.

Alterant

AL'TERANT, adjective Altering; gradually changing.

Alterant

AL'TERANT, noun A medicine which, without a sensible operation, gradually corrects the state of the body and changes it from a diseased to a healthy condition. An alterative.

Encyc. Quincy.

Alteration

ALTERA'TION, noun [Latin alteratio.]

The act of making different, or of varying in some particular; an altering or partial change; also the change made, or the loss or acquisition of qualities not essential to the form or nature of a thing. Thus a cold substance suffers an alteration when it becomes hot.

Alterative

AL'TERATIVE, adjective Causing alteration; having the power to alter.

Alterative

AL'TERATIVE, noun A medicine which, without sensible operation, gradually induces a change in the habit or constitution and restores healthy functions. This word is more generally used than alterant.

Altercate

AL'TERCATE, verb intransitive [Latin altercor, alterco, from alter, another.]

To contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat or anger; to wrangle.

Altercation

ALTERCA'TION, noun [Latin altercatio.]

Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle.

Altern

AL'TERN, adjective [Latin alternus, of alter, another.]

1. Acting by turns; one succeeding another; alternate, which is the word generally used.

2. In chrystalography, exhibiting, on two parts, an upper and a lower part, faces which alternate among themselves, but which, when the two parts are compared, correspond with each other.

Cleaveland.

Altern-base, in trigonometry, is a term used in distinction from the true base. Thus in oblique triangles, the true base is the sum of the sides, and then the difference of the sides is the altern-base; or the true base is the difference of the sides, and then the sum of the sides is the altern-base.

Encyc.

Alternacy

AL'TERNACY, noun Performance or actions by turns. [Little used.]

Alternal

ALTERN'AL, adjective Alternative. [Little used.]

Alternally

ALTERN'ALLY, adverb By turns. [Little used.]

May.

Alternate

ALTERN'ATE, adjective [Latin alternatus.]

1. Being by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; hence reciprocal.

And bid alternate passions fall and rise.

Pope.

2. In botany, branches and leaves are alternate, when they rise higher on opposite sides alternately, come out singly, and follow in gradual order.

Encyc. Lee.

Alternate alligation. [See Alligation.]

Alternate angles, in geometry, the internal angles made by a line cutting two parallels, and lying on opposite sides of the cutting line; the one below the first parallel, and the other above the second.

Johnson.

In heraldry, the first and fourth quarters, and the second and third, are usually of the same nature, and are called alternate quarters.

Alternate

ALTERN'ATE, noun That which happens by turns with something else; vicissitude.

Prior.

Alternate

AL'TERNATE, verb transitive [Latin alterno. See Alter. With the accent on the second syllable, the participle alternating can hardly be pronounced.]

To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to change one thing for another reciprocally; as, God alternates good and evil.

Alternate

AL'TERNATE, verb intransitive To happen or to act by turns; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other.

2. To follow reciprocally in place.

Different species alternating with each other.

Kirwan.

Alternately

ALTERN'ATELY, adverb In reciprocal succession; by turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds, as night follows day and day follows night.

Alternateness

ALTERN'ATENESS, noun The quality of being alternate, or of following in succession.

Alternating

AL'TERNATING, participle of the present tense Performing or following by turns.

Alternation

ALTERNA'TION, noun The reciprocal succession of things, in time or place; the act of following and being followed in succession; as, we observe the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter.

2. The different changes or alterations of orders, in numbers. Thus, if it is required to know how many changes can be rung on six bells, multiply the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, continually into one another, and the last product is the number required. This is called permutation.

3. The answer of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister.

4. Alternate performance, in the choral sense.

Mason.

Alternative

ALTERN'ATIVE, adjective [French alternatif.]

Offering a choice of two things.

Alternative

ALTERN'ATIVE, noun That which may be chosen or omitted; a choice of two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left. Thus, when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives. In strictness, then, the word cannot be applied to more than two things, and when one thing only is offered for choice, it is said there is no alternative.

Between these alternatives there is no middle ground.

Cranch.

Alternatively

ALTERN'ATIVELY, adverb In the manner of alternatives; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of two things.

Alternativeness

ALTERN'ATIVENESS, noun The quality or state of being alternative.

Alternity

ALTERN'ITY, noun Succession by turns; alternation.

Althea

ALTHE'A, noun [Greek, from, or, to heal.]

In botany, a genus of polyandrian monadelphs, of several species; called in English marsh-mallow.

The common species has a perennial root, and an annual stalk rising four or five feet. It abounds with mucilage, and is used as an emollient.

Encyc.

Although

ALTHO'UGH, altho', obs. verb, or used only in the Imperative. [all and though; from Saxon thah, or theah; Irish daighim, to give; German doch; Dutch dog; Swedish doch, and endoch; Danish dog, though. See Though.]

Grant all this; be it so; allow all; suppose that; admit all that; as, "although the fig-tree shall not blossom." Habakkuk 3. That is, grant, admit or suppose what followsÃ‚--"the fig-tree shall not blossom." It is a transitive verb, and admits after it the definitive thatÃ‚--although that the fig-tree shall not blossom; but this use of the verb, has been long obsolete. The word may be defined by notwithstanding, non obstante; as not opposing may be equivalent to admitting or supposing.

Altiloquence

ALTIL'OQUENCE, noun [Latin altus, high, and loquor, loquens, speaking.]

Lofty speech; pompous language.

Altimeter

ALTIM'ETER, noun [Latin altus, high, and Greek, measure. See Measure and Mode.]

An instrument for taking altitudes by geometrical principles, as a geometrical quadrant.

Altimetry

ALTIM'ETRY, noun The art of ascertaining altitudes by means of a proper instrument, and by trigonometrical principles without actual mensuration.

Altin

AL'TIN, noun A money of account in Russia, value three kopecks, or about three cents; also a lake in Siberia, ninety miles in length.

Tooke. Encyc.

Altincar

ALTIN'CAR, noun A species of factitious salt or powder, used in the fusion and purification of metals, prepared in various ways. [See Tincal.]

Encyc.

Altisonant

ALTIS'ONANT, or ALTIS'ONOUS, adjective [Latin altus, high, and sonans, sounding; sonus, sound.]

High sounding, lofty or pompous, as language.

Evelyn.

Altitude

AL'TITUDE, noun [Latin altitudo, of altus, high, and a common termination, denoting state, condition or manner.]

1. Space extended upward; highth; the elevation of an object above its foundation; as, the altitude of a mountain, or column; or the elevation of an object or place above the surface on which we stand, or above the earth; as, the altitude of a cloud or a meteor; or the elevation of one object above another; as, of a bird above the top of a tree.

2. The elevation of a point, a star, or other object above the horizon. This is true or apparent altitude; true, when taken from the rational or real horizon; apparent, when taken from the sensible, or apparent horizon.

3. Figuratively, high degree; superior excellence; highest point of excellence.

He is proud to the altitude of his virtue.

Shake.

The altitude of the eye, in perspective, is a right line let fall from the eye, perpendicular to the geometrical plane.

Encyc.

Meridian altitude is an arch of the meridian between the horizon and any star or point on the meridian.

Altivolant

ALTIV'OLANT, adjective [Latin altus, high, and volans, flying.]

Flying high.

Alto.

AL'TO. [Italian from Latin altus.] High.

Alto and Basso, high and low, in old law, terms used to signify a submission of all differences of every kind to arbitration.

Alto-Octavo.

AL'TO-OCTA'VO. [Italian]

High relief, in sculpture, is the projection of a figure half or more, without being entirely detached.

Cyc.

Alto-Ripieno.

AL'TO-RIPIE'NO. [Italian]

The tenor of the great chorus, which sings and plays only in particular places.

Encyc.

Alto-Viola.

AL'TO-VIOLA. [Italian]

A small tenor viol.

Alto-Violino.

AL'TO-VIOLINO. [Italian]

A small tenor violin.

Altogether

ALTOGETH'ER, adverb [all and together. See Together.]

Wholly; entirely; completely; without exception.

Every man at his best estate is altogether vanity. Psalm 39.

Aludel

AL'UDEL, noun [a and lutum, without lute. Lunier.]

In chimistry, aludels are earthern pots without bottoms, that they may be exactly fitted into each other, and used in sublimations. At the bottom of the furnace is a pot containing the matter to be sublimed, and at the top a head to receive the volatile matter.

Quincy. Encyc.

Alum

AL'UM, noun [Latin alumen.]

A triple sulphate of alumina and potassa.

This substance is white, transparent and very astringent; but seldom found pure or crystalized. This salt is usually prepared by roasting and lixiviating certain clays containing pyrites, and to the lye adding a certain quantity of potassa; the salt is then obtained by crystalization. Alum is of great use in medicine and the arts. In medicine, it is used as an astringent; internally, in hemoptoe, diarrhea, and dysentery; externally, as a styptic applied to bleeding vessels, and as an escharotic. In the arts, it is used in dyeing to fix colors; in making candles, for hardening the tallow; in tanning, for restoring the cohesion of skins.

Encyc. Fourcroy. Webster's Manual.

Alum-Earth

ALUM-EARTH, noun A massive mineral, of a blackish brown color, a dull luster, and soft consistence.

Ure.

Alumin

AL'UMIN, or ALU'MINA, noun An earth, or earthy substance, which has been considered to be elementary, and called pure clay; but recently, chimical experiments have given reason to believe it to be a metallic oxyd, to the base of which has been given the name aluminum. This metallic base however has not been obtained in such a state as to make its properties susceptible of examination. Alumina is destitute of taste and smell. When moistened with water, it forms a cohesive and ductile mass, susceptible of being kneaded into regular forms.

Davy. Cyc. Webster's Manual.

Aluminiform

ALU'MINIFORM, adjective Having the form of alumina.

Chaptal.

Aluminite

AL'UMINITE, noun Subsulphate of alumina; a mineral that occurs in small roundish or reniform masses. Its color is snow white or yellowish white.

Aikin. Jameson. Cleaveland.

Aluminous

ALU'MINOUS, adjective Pertaining to alum or alumina, or partaking of the same properties.

Aluminum

ALU'MINUM, noun The name given to the supposed metallic base of alumina.

Davy.

Alumish

AL'UMISH, adjective Having the nature of alum; somewhat resembling alum.

Alum-Slate

ALUM-SLATE, noun A mineral of two species, common and glossy.

Alum-Stone

ALUM-STONE, noun The siliceous subsulphate of alumina and potash.

Cleaveland.

Aluta

ALU'TA, noun [Latin] A species of leatherstone, soft, pliable and not laminated.

Quincy.

Alutation

ALUTA'TION, noun [Latin aluta, tanned leather.]

The tanning of leather.

Alveary

AL'VEARY, noun [Latin alverarium, alveare, a bee hive, from alvus, the belly.]

The hollow of the external ear, or bottom of the concha.

Quincy.

Alveolar

AL'VEOLAR, or AL'VEOLARY, adjective [Latin alveolus, a socket, from alveus, a hollow vessel.]

Containing sockets, hollow cells or pits; pertaining to sockets.

Anatomy.

Alveolate

AL'VEOLATE, adjective [Latin alveolatus, from alveus, a hollow vessel.]

Deeply pitted, so as to resemble a honey comb.

Martyn.

Alveole

AL'VEOLE, or AL'VEOLUS, noun [Latin dim. of alveus.]

1. A cell in a bee hive, or in a fossil.

2. The socket in the jaw, in which a tooth is fixed.

3. A sea fossil of a conic figure, composed of a number of cells, like bee-hives, joined by a pipe of communication.

Encyc.

Alveolite

AL'VEOLITE, noun [Latin alveolus, and Greek.]

In natural history, a kind of stony polypiers, of a globular or hemispherical shape; formed by numerous concentric beds, each composed of a union of little cells.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Alvine

AL'VINE, adjective [from alvus, the belly.]

Belonging to the belly or intestines.

Darwin.

Alwargrim

ALWAR'GRIM, noun The spotted plover, Charadrius Apricarius.

Pennant.

Alway

AL'WAY or AL'WAYS, adverb [all and way; Saxon eal, and weg, way; properly, a going, at all goings; hence, at all times.]

1. Perpetually; throughout all time; as, God is always the same.

2. Continually; without variation.

I do alway those things which please him. John 8. Matthew 28.

3. Continually or constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals.

Mephibosheth shall eat bread alway at my table. 2 Samuel 9.

4. At all convenient times; regularly.

Cornelius prayed to God alway. Acts 10. Luke 18. Ephesians 6.

Alway is now seldom used. The application of this compound to time proceeds from the primary sense of way, which is a going or passing; hence, continuation.

A. M. stand for Artium Magister, master of arts, the second degree given by universities and colleges; called in some countries, doctor of philosophy. In America, this degree is conferred without examination, on bachelors of three years standing.

A. M. stand also for Anno Mundi, in the year of the world.

AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative mode, present tense. Saxon com. Greek; Gothic im; Pers. am.

I AM that I AM. Exodus 3.

Ama

A'MA, or HA'MA, noun [Dutch aam, a vessel.]

In church affairs, a vessel to contain wine for the eucharist; also, a wine measure, as a cask, a pipe, &c.

Encyc.

Amability

AMABIL'ITY, noun [Latin amabilis, from amo, to love.]

Loveliness; the power of pleasing, or rather the combination of agreeable qualities which win the affections.

Taylor.

Amadavad

AMAD'AVAD, noun A small curious bird of the size of the crested wren; the upper part of the body is brown, the prime feathers of the wings black.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amadetto

AMADET'TO, noun A sort of pear, so called, it is said, from a person who cultivated it.

Skinner.

Amadogade

AMAD'OGADE, noun A small beautiful bird in Peru; the upper part of its body and wings are of a lively green, its breast red, and its belly white.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amadot

AM'ADOT, noun A sort of pear.

Johnson.

Amadou

AM'ADOU, noun A variety of the boletus igniarius, found on old ash and other trees.

Ure.

This is written also amadow, and called black match, and pyrotechnical spunge, on account of its inflammability.

Cyc.

Amain

AMA'IN, adverb [Saxon a and moegn, force, strength. See May, Might.]

With force, strength or violence; violently; furiously; suddenly; at once.

What, when we fled amain.

Milton.

Let go amain, in seamen's language, or strike amain, is to let fall or lower at once.

Mar. Dict.

Amalgam

AMAL'GAM, noun [Greek, from, to soften. Its usual derivation is certainly erroneous.]

1. A mixture of mercury or quicksilver with another metal; any metallic alloy, of which mercury forms an essential constituent part.

Cyc.

2. A mixture or compound of different things.

Burke.

Amalgamate

AMAL'GAMATE, verb transitive To mix quicksilver with another metal. Gregory uses amalgamize.

2. To mix different things, to make a compound; to unite.

Amalgamate

AMAL'GAMATE, verb intransitive To mix or unite in an amalgam; to blend.

Amalgamated

AMAL'GAMATED, participle passive Mixed with quicksilver; blended.

Amalgamating

AMAL'GAMATING, participle of the present tense Mixing quicksilver with another metal; compounding.

Amalgamation

AMALGAMA'TION, noun The act or operation of mixing mercury with another metal.

Encyc.

2. The mixing or blending of different things.

Amalozk

AM'ALOZK, noun A large aquatic fowl of Mexico.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amandola

AMAN'DOLA, noun A green marble, having the appearance of honey comb, and containing white spots; of 100 parts, 76 are mild calcarious earth, 20 shist and 2 iron. The cellular appearance proceeds from the shist.

Kirwan. Nicholson.

Amanuensis

AMANUEN'SIS, noun [Latin from manus, hand.]

A person whose employment is to write what another dictates.

Amaranth

AM'ARANTH, or AMARANTH'US, noun [Greek, of a neg. and, to decay; so called, it is said, because, when cropped, it does not soon wither.]

Flower-gentle; a genus of plants, of many species. Of these the tricolored has long been cultivated in gardens, on account of the beauty of its variegated leaves.

Encyc.

Amaranth

AM'ARANTH, noun A color inclining to purple.

Cyc.

Amaranthine

AMARANTH'INE, adjective Belonging to amaranth; consisting of, containing, or resembling amaranth.

Amaritude

AMAR'ITUDE, noun [Latin amaritudo, from amarus, bitter; from Hebrew bitter.]

Bitterness. [Not much used.]

Amaryllis

AMARYL'LIS, noun [The name of a country girl in Theocritus and Virgil.]

In botany, lily-daffodil, a genus of liliaceous plants of several species, which are cultivated in gardens for the beauty of their flowers.

Encyc.

Amass

AM'ASS, verb transitive [French amasser; Italian ammassare; Latin massa, a heap or lump; Greek. See Mass.]

1. To collect into a heap; to gather a great quantity; to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure.

2. To collect in great numbers; to add many things together; as, to amass words or phrases.

Amass

AM'ASS, noun An assemblage, heap or accumulation. [This is superseded by Mass.]

Amassed

AM'ASSED, participle passive Collected in a heap, or in a great quantity or number; accumulated.

Amassing

AM'ASSING, participle of the present tense Collecting in a heap, or in a large quantity or number.

Amassment

AM'ASSMENT, noun A heap collected; a large quantity or number brought together; an accumulation.

Amate

AMA'TE, verb intransitive [See Mate.] To accompany; also to terrify, to perplex. [Not used.]

Amateur

AMATEU'R, noun [French, from Latin amator, a lover, from amo, to love.]

A person attached to a particular pursuit, study or science, as to music or painting; one who has a taste for the arts.

Burke.

Amatorial

AMATO'RIAL, or AM'ATORY, adjective [Latin amatorius, from amo, to love.]

1. Relating to love; as, amatorial verses; causing love; as, amatory potions; produced by sexual intercourse; as, amatorial progeny.

Darwin.

2. In anatomy, a term applied to the oblique muscles of the eye, from their use in ogling.

Amatorially

AMATO'RIALLY, adverb In an amatorial manner; by way of love.

Darwin.

Amaurosis

AMAURO'SIS, noun [Greek, obscure.]

A loss or decay of sight, without any visible defect in the eye, except an immovable pupil; called also gutta serena. Sometimes the disease is periodical, coming on suddenly, continuing for hours or days, and then disappearing. It has sometimes been cured by electricity.

Encyc. Coxe.

Amaze

AMA'ZE, verb transitive [Qu. Arabic to perplex or confuse; or from maze.]

To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or wonder; to astonish.

They shall be afraid; they shall be amazed at one another. Isaiah 13.

They were all amazed and glorified God.

Mark 2. Luke 5.

This word implies astonishment or perplexity, arising from something extraordinary, unexpected, unaccountable, or frightful.

Amaze

AMA'ZE, noun Astonishment; confusion; perplexity, arising from fear, surprise or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, and is nearly synonymous with amazement.

Amazed

AMA'ZED, participle passive Astonished; confounded with fear, surprise or wonder.

Amazedly

AMA'ZEDLY, adverb With amazement; in a manner to confound. [Little used.]

Amazedness

AMA'ZEDNESS, noun The state of being confounded with fear, surprise or wonder; astonishment; great wonder.

Amazement

AMA'ZEMENT, noun Astonishment; confusion or perplexity, from a sudden impression of fear, surprise or wonder. It is sometimes accompanied with fear or terror; sometimes merely extreme wonder or admiration at some great, sudden or unexpected event, at an unusual sight, or at the narration of extraordinary events.

Amazing

AMA'ZING, participle of the present tense Confounding with fear, surprise or wonder.

2. adjective Very wonderful; exciting astonishment, or perplexity.

Amazingly

AMA'ZINGLY, adverb In an astonishing degree; in a manner to excite astonishment, or to perplex, confound or terrify.

Amazon

AM'AZON, noun [This is said to be formed of a neg. and, breast. History informs us, that the Amazons cut off their right breast, that it might not incommode them in shooting and hurling the javelin. This is doubtless a fable.]

1. The Amazons are said by historians, to have been a race of female warriors, who founded an empire on the river Thermodon, in Asia Minor, on the coast of the Euxine. They are said to have excluded men from their society; and by their warlike enterprises, to have conquered and alarmed surrounding nations. Some writers treat these accounts as fables.

Herodian. Justin.

2. By analogy, a warlike or masculine woman; a virago.

3. This name has been given to some American females, on the banks of the largest river in the world, who joined their husbands in attacking the Spaniards that first visited the country. This trivial occurrence gave the name Amazon to that river, whose real name is Maranon.

Garcilasso, p. 606.

Amazonian

AMAZO'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon. Applied to females, bold; of masculine manners; warlike.

2. Belonging to the river Maranon in South America, or to Amazonia, the country lying on that river.

Amb

AMB, AM. About; around; used in composition. Saxon emb, ymb; Welsh am; Irish im, um; German um; Dutch om; Danish om; Swedish om; Greek; Latin am or amb.

Ambages

AMBA'GES, noun [Latin amb and ago, to drive.]

1. A circumlocution; a circuit of words to express ideas which may be expressed in fewer words.

2. A winding or turning.

Ambassador

AMBAS'SADOR, noun [This is the more common orthography; but good authors write also embassador; and as the orthography of embassy is established, it would be better to write embassador. See Embassador.]

Ambe

AM'BE or AM'BI, noun [Greek, a brim; from amb, about.]

Literally, a brim; but in surgery, an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders, so called from the jutting of its extremity. Also the mango tree.

Quincy. Encyc. Coxe.

Amber

AM'BER, noun [French ambre; Spanish ambar; Portugese id; Italian ambra; an oriental word; Pers. anbar or anabar; Arabic anbaron. In 1 Kings 10:2. 10, the Arabic is rendered spices. The Arabic word is rendered by Castle, amber, a marine fish, a shield made of skins, crocus and fimus. In Ethiopic anbar is rendered a whale, and the word is used in Jonah 2:1. and Matthew 12:40. This word is placed by Castle under to produce grapes, and signifies grapes, Chaldee and Hebrew. The Chaldee verb signifies to join or connect, and the sense of this word, applied to grapes, is a cluster, like grape in English. It signifies also in Chaldee a tumor, a pustle, a mountain, the sense of which is a lump or mass collected; and this may be the sense of amber. In German, Dutch, Swedish and Danish, it has the name of burnstone.]

A hard semi-pellucid substance, tasteless and without smell, except when pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is found in alluvial soils, or on the sea shore, in many places; particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe, and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the U. States. The ancient opinion of its vegetable origin seems now to be established, and it is believed or known to be a fossil resin. It yields by distillation an empyreumatic oil, and the succinic acid, which sublimes in small white needles. Its color usually presents some tinge of yellow. It is highly electrical, and is the basis of a varnish.

Journal of Science. Encyc. Chambers.

Amber

AM'BER, adjective Consisting of, or resembling amber.

Amber

AM'BER, verb transitive To scent with amber.

Amber-Drink

AM'BER-DRINK, noun A drink resembling amber in color.

Amber-Dropping

AM'BER-DROPPING, adjective Dropping amber.

Milton.

Amber-Seed

AM'BER-SEED, noun Musk-seed, resembling millet. It is of a bitterish taste, and brought from Egypt and the Welsh Indies.

Chambers.

Amber-Tree

AM'BER-TREE, noun The English name of a species of Anthospermum, a shrub, with evergreen leaves, which, when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.

Miller.

Ambergris

AM'BERGRIS, noun [amber and French gris, gray; gray amber.]

A solid, opake, ash-colored inflammable substance, variegated like marble, remarkably light, rugged on its surface, and when heated, it has a fragrant odor. It does not effervesce with acids; it melts easily into a kind of yellow resin, and is highly soluble in spirit of wine. Various opinions have been entertained respecting its origin; but it is well ascertained, that it is indurated fecal matter, discharged by the spermaceti whale, a species of physeter. It has been found in that species of whale, but usually is found floating on the surface of the ocean, in regions frequented by whales; sometimes in masses of from 60 to 225 lbs. weight. In this substance are found the beaks of the cuttle fish, on which that whale is known to feed. It is highly valued as a material in perfumery.

Encyc.

Ambidexter

AM'BIDEXTER, noun [Latin ambo, both, and dexter, the right hand.]

1. A person who uses both hands with equal facility.

2. A double dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes. [This sense is used in ludicrous language.]

3. In law, a juror who takes money of both parties, for giving his verdict; an embracer.

Cowel.

Ambidexterity

AMBIDEXTER'ITY, or AMBIDEX'TROUSNESS, noun The faculty of using both hands with equal facility; double dealing; the taking of money from both parties for a verdict.

Ambidextrous

AMBIDEX'TROUS, adjective Having the faculty of using both hands with equal ease; practicing or siding with both parties.

Ambient

AM'BIENT, adjective [Latin ambiens, from ambio, to go round, from amb, about, and eo, to go.]

Surrounding; encompassing on all sides; investing; applied to fluids or diffusible substances; as, the ambient air.

Milton.

Ambigenal

AMBIG'ENAL, adjective [Latin ambo, both, and genu, a knee.]

An ambigenal hyperbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an angle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without.

Encyc.

Ambigu

AM'BIGU, noun [French See Ambiguity.]

An entertainment or feast, consisting of a medley of dishes.

King.

Ambiguity

AMBIGU'ITY, noun [Latin ambiguitas, from ambigo.]

Doubtfulness or uncertainty of signification, from a word's being susceptible of different meanings; double meaning.

Words should be used which admit of no ambiguity.

Ambiguous

AMBIG'UOUS, adjective [Latin ambiguus.]

Having two or more meanings; doubtful; being of uncertain signification; susceptible of different interpretations; hence, obscure. It is applied to words and expressions; not to a dubious state of mind, though it may be to a person using words of doubtful signification.

The ancient oracles were ambiguous, as were their answers.

Ambiguously

AMBIG'UOUSLY, adverb In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning.

Ambiguousness

AMBIG'UOUSNESS, noun The quality of being ambiguous; uncertainty of meaning; ambiguity; and hence, obscurity.

Ambilogy

AMBIL'OGY, noun [ambo, both, and, speech.]

Talk or language of doubtful meaning.

Ambiloquous

AMBIL'OQUOUS, adjective [ambo, both, and loquor, to speak.]

Using ambiguous expressions.

Ambit

AM'BIT, noun [Latin ambitus, a circuit, from ambio, to go about. See Ambient.]

The line that encompasses a thing; in geometry, the perimeter of a figure, or the surface of a body. The periphery or circumference of a circular body.

Johnson. Encyc.

Ambition

AMBI'TION, noun [Latin ambitio, from ambio, to go about, or to seek by making interest, of amb, about, and eo, to go. See Ambages. This word had its origin in the practice of Roman candidates for office, who went about the city to solicit votes.]

A desire of preferment, or of honor; a desire of excellence or superiority. It is used in a good sense; as, emulation may spring from a laudable ambition. It denotes also an inordinate desire of power, or eminence, often accompanied with illegal means to obtain the object. It is sometimes followed by of; as, a man has an ambition of wit. Milton has used the word in the Latin sense of going about, or attempting; but this sense is hardly legitimate.

Ambition

AMBI'TION, verb transitive [French ambitionner.]

Ambitiously to seek after. [Little used.]

King.

Ambitious

AMBI'TIOUS, adjective Desirous of power, honor, office, superiority or excellence; aspiring; eager for fame; followed by of before a noun; as, ambitious of glory.

2. Showy; adapted to command notice or praise; as, ambitious ornaments.

3. Figuratively, eager to swell or rise higher; as, the ambitious ocean.

Shak.

Ambitiously

AMBI'TIOUSLY, adverb In an ambitious manner; with an eager desire after preferment, or superiority.

Ambitiousness

AMBI'TIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being ambitious; ambition. Being nearly synonymous with ambition, it is not often used.

Amble

AM'BLE, verb intransitive [French ambler, from Latin ambulo, to walk; Qu. amb, about, and the root of French aller.]

1. To move with a certain peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his two legs on one side, and then changing to the other.

Edin. Encyc.

2. To move easy, without hard shocks.

Him time ambles withal.

Shak.

3. In a ludicrous sense, to move with submission, or by direction, or to move affectedly.

Johnson.

Amble

AM'BLE, noun A peculiar pace of a horse.

Ambler

AM'BLER, noun A horse which ambles; a pacer.

Ambligon

AM'BLIGON, or AM'BLYGON, noun [Greek, obtuse, and, an angle.]

An obtuse angled triangle; a triangle with one angle of more than ninety degrees.

Bailey. Encyc.

Ambligonal

AMBLIG'ONAL, adjective Containing an obtuse angle.

Ash.

Ambligonite

AM'BLIGONITE, noun [Greek, having an obtuse angle.]

A greenish colored mineral, of different pale shades, marked on the surface with reddish and yellowish brown spots. It occurs massive or crystalized in oblique foursided prisms, in granite, with topaz and tourmalin, in Saxony.

Ure.

Ambling

AM'BLING, participle of the present tense or adjective Lifting the two legs on the same side at first going off, and then changing.

Amblingly

AM'BLINGLY, adverb With an ambling gait.

Amblyopy

AM'BLYOPY, noun [Greek, dull, and eye.]

Incipient amaurosis; dulness or obscurity of sight, without any apparent defect of the organs; sight so depraved that objects can be seen only in a certain light, distance, or position.

Encyc. Coxe.

Ambo

AM'BO, noun [Greek, a pulpit; Latin umbo, a boss.]

A reading desk, or pulpit.

Wheler.

Ambreada

AMBREA'DA, noun [from amber.] A kind of factitious amber, which the Europeans sell to the Africans.

Encyc.

Ambrosia

AMBRO'SIA, n. ambro'zha, [Greek neg. and, mortal, because it was supposed to confer immortality on them that fed on it.]

1. In heathen antiquity, the imaginary food of the gods. Hence,

2. Whatever is very pleasing to the taste or smell. The name has also been given to certain alexipharmic compositions.

Ambrosial

AMBRO'SIAL, a. ambro'zhal. Partaking of the nature or qualities of ambrosia; fragrant; delighting the taste or smell; as. ambrosial dews. Ben Jonson uses ambrosiac in a like sense, and Bailey has ambrosian, but these seem not to be warranted by usage.

Ambrosian

AMBRO'SIAN, adjective Pertaining to St. Ambrose. The Ambrosian office, or ritual, is a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St. Ambrose, in the fourth century.

Encyc.

Ambrosin

AM'BROSIN, noun In the middle ages, a coin struck by the dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambrose was represented on horseback, with a whip in his right hand.

Encyc.

Ambry

AM'BRY, noun [contracted from French aumonerie, almonry, from old French almoigne, alms.]

1. An almonry; a place where alms are deposited for distribution to the poor. In ancient abbeys and priories there was an office of this name, in which the almoner lived.

2. A place in which are deposited the utensils for house keeping; also a cupboard; a place for cold victuals.

Ambs-Ace

AMBS'-ACE, noun [Latin ambo, both, and ace.]

A double ace, as when two dice turn up the ace.

Johnson.

Ambulant

AM'BULANT, adjective [Latin ambulans, from ambulo.]

Walking; moving from place to place.

Encyc.

Ambulant brokers, in Amsterdam, are exchange-brokers, or agents, who are not sworn, and whose testimony is not received in courts of justice.

Encyc.

Ambulation

AMBULA'TION, noun [Latin ambulatio.] A walking about; the act of walking.

Ambulator

AM'BULATOR, noun In entomology, a species of Lamia, whose thorax is armed on each side with two spines; a Cerambyx of Linne.

Cyc.

Ambulatory

AM'BULATORY, adjective That has the power or faculty of walking; as, an animal is ambulatory.

2. Pertaining to a walk; as, an ambulatory view.

3. Moving from place to place; not stationary; as, an ambulatory court, which exercises its jurisdiction in different places.

Johnson.

Ambulatory

AM'BULATORY, noun A species of ichnenmon, with a yellowish scutellum and spotted thorax.

Cyc.

Ambury

AM'BURY, or AN'BURY, noun [Qu. Latin umbo, the navel; Greek.]

Among farriers, a tumor, wart or swelling on a horse, full of blood and soft to the touch.

Encyc.

Ambuscade

AM'BUSCADE, noun [French embuscade; Spanish Portugese emboscada; Italian imboscata; from Italian imboscare, Spanish emboscar, to lie in bushes, or concealed; in and bosco, bosque, a wood; bush.]

1. Literally, a lying in a wood, concealed. for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise: hence, a lying in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose.

2. A private station in which troops lie concealed with a view to attack their enemy by surprise; ambush.

Ambuscade

AM'BUSCADE, verb transitive To lie in wait for, or to attack from a concealed position.

Ambuscaded

AM'BUSCADED, participle passive Having an ambush laid against, or attacked from a private station; as, his troops were ambuscaded.

Ambuscading

AM'BUSCADING, participle of the present tense Lying in wait for; attacking from a secret station.

Ambush

AM'BUSH, noun [French embÃƒ-»che, of in and bush; Danish busk; Dutch bosch; Germ. busch; French bosquet, boscage, bocage, bois. See Bush.]

1. A private or concealed station, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by surprise.

2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; a lying in wait.

3. The troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by surprise.

Lay thee an ambush for the city. Joshua 8.

Ambush

AM'BUSH, verb transitive To lie in wait for; to surprise, by assailing unexpectedly from a concealed place.

Ambush

AM'BUSH, verb intransitive To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise.

Nor saw the snake, that ambush'd for his prey.

Trumbull.

Ambushed

AM'BUSHED, participle passive Lain in wait for; suddenly attacked from a concealed station.

Ambushing

AM'BUSHING, participle of the present tense Lying in wait for; attacking from a concealed station.

Ambushment

AM'BUSHMENT, noun An ambush; which see.

Ambustion

AMBUS'TION, noun [Latin ambustio, from amburo, to burn or scorch, of amb, about, and uro, to burn.]

Among physicians, a burning; a burn or scald.

Ameiva

AMEI'VA, noun A species of lizard, found in Brazil.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amel

AM'EL, noun [French email.] The matter with which metallic bodies are overlaid; but its use is superseded by enamel; which see.

Boyle.

Ameliorate

AME'LIORATE, verb transitive [French ameliorer, from Latin melior, better.]

To make better; to improve; to meliorate.

S. S. Smith. Christ. Obs. Buchanan.

Ameliorate

AME'LIORATE, verb intransitive To grow better; to meliorate.

Amelioration

AMELIORA'TION, noun A making or becoming better; improvement; melioration.

Amen.

AMEN'. This word, with slight differences of orthography, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, verify; to trust, or give confidence; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, confidence; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after the oriental manner, it is used at the beginning, but more generally at the end of declarations and prayers, in the sense of, be it firm, be it established.

And let all the people say amen. Ps. cvi.

The word is used also as a noun.

"All the promises of God are amen in Christ;" that is, firmness, stability, constancy.

Amenable

AME'NABLE, adjective [Italian menare; French mener, amener; Norm. amesner, to lead, to bring; French amener, Italian ammainare, in marine language, to strike sail.]

1. In old law, easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband. [This sense is obsolete.]

2. Liable to answer; responsible; answerable; liable to be called to account; as, every man is amenable to the laws.

We retain this idiom in the popular phrase, to bring in, to make answerable; as, a man is brought in to pay the debt of another.

Amenage

AM'ENAGE, verb transitive To manage. Obs.

Spenser.

Amenance

AM'ENANCE, noun Conduct, behavior. Obs.

Spenser.

Amend

AMEND', verb transitive [French amender; Latin emendo, of e neg, and menda, mendum, a fault; Welsh mann, a spot or blemish; Spanish Portugese emendar; Italian ammendare. See Mend.]

1. To correct; to rectify by expunging a mistake; as, to amend a law.

2. To reform, by quitting bad habits; to make better in a moral sense; as, to amend our ways or our conduct.

3. To correct; to supply a defect; to improve or make better, by some addition of what is wanted, as well as by expunging what is wrong, as to amend a bill before a legislature. Hence it is applied to the correction of authors, by restoring passages which had been omitted, or restoring the true reading.

Amend

AMEND', verb intransitive To grow or become better, by reformation, or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. It differs from improve, in this, that to amend implies something previously wrong; to improve, does not.

Amend

AMEND', noun [French] A pecuniary punishment, or fine. The amende honorable, in France, is an infamous punishment inflicted on traitors, parricides and sacrilegious persons. The offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, begs pardon of his God, the court, &c. These words denote also a recantation in open court, or in presence of the injured person.

Encyc.

Amendable

AMEND'ABLE, adjective That may be amended; capable of correction; as, an amendable writ or error.

Amendatory

AMEND'ATORY, adjective That amends; supplying amendment; corrective.

Amended

AMEND'ED, participle passive Corrected; rectified; reformed; improved, or altered for the better.

Amender

AMEND'ER, noun The person that amends.

Amending

AMEND'ING, participle of the present tense Correcting; reforming; altering for the better.

Amendment

AMEND'MENT, noun An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or faults; reformation of life, by quitting vices.

2. A word, clause or paragraph, added or proposed to be added to a bill before a legislature.

3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or process.

Shakespeare uses it for the recovery of health, but this sense is unusual.

Amends

AMENDS', n. plu. [French amende.]

Compensation for an injury; recompense; satisfaction; equivalent; as, the happiness of a future life will more than make amends for the miseries of this.

Amenity

AME'NITY, noun [Latin amoenitas; French amÃƒ-©nitÃƒ-©; Latin amoenus; Welsh mwyn, good, kind.]

Pleasantness; agreeableness of situation; that which delights the eye; used of places and prospects.

Brown.

Ament

AM'ENT, noun [Latin amentum, a thong, or strap.]

In botany, a species of inflorescence, from a common, chaffy receptacle; or consisting of many scales, ranged along a stalk or slender axis, which is the common receptacle; as in birch, oak, chesnut.

Martyn.

Amentaceous

AMENTA'CEOUS, adjective Growing in an ament; resembling a thong; as, the chesnut has an amentaceous inflorescence.

Martyn.

Amerce

AMERCE, v. t. amers'. [A verb formed from a for on or at, and French merci, mercy, or from Latin merces, reward.]

1. To inflict a penalty at mercy; to punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion or mercy of the court; as, the court amerced the criminal in the sum of one hundred dollars.

2. To inflict a pecuniary penalty; to punish in general. Milton uses of after amerce; "Millions of spirits amerced of heaven;" but this use seems to be a poetic license.

Amerced

AMER'CED, participle passive Fined at the discretion of a court.

Amercement

AMERCEMENT, n. amers'ment. A pecuniary penalty inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court. It differs from a fine, in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statute for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence the practice of affeering. [See Affeer.] But in America, the word fine is now used for a pecuniary penalty which is uncertain; and it is common in statutes, to enact that an offender shall be fined, at the discretion of the court. In England also, fines are now usually discretionary. Thus the word fine has, in a measure, superseded the use of amercement. This word, in old books, is written amerciament.

Amercement royal is a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office.

Amercer

AMER'CER, noun One who sets a fine at discretion, upon an offender.

America

AMER'ICA, noun [from Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine, who pretended to have first discovered the western continent.]

One of the great continents, first discovered by Sebastian Cabot, June 11, O. S. 1498, and by Columbus, or Christoval Colon, Aug. 1, the same year. It extends from the eightieth degree of North, to the fifty-fourth degree of South Latitude; and from the thirty-fifth to the one hundred and fifty-sixth degree of Longitude West from Greenwich, being about nine thousand miles in length. Its breadth at Darien is narrowed to about forty-five miles, but at the northern extremity is nearly four thousand miles. From Darien to the North, the continent is called North America, and to the South, it is called South America.

American

AMER'ICAN, adjective Pertaining to America.

American

AMER'ICAN, noun A native of America; originally applied to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by the Europeans; but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America.

The name American must always exalt the pride of patriotism.

Washington.

Americanism

AMER'ICANISM, noun The love which American citizens have to their own country, or the preference of its interests. Analogically, an American idiom.

Americanize

AMER'ICANIZE, verb transitive To render American; to naturalize in America.

Americim

AMER'ICIM, noun A species of lizard in South America, not more than two inches in length, and the third of an inch in diameter. Its legs are of the size of a hog's bristle.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amethodist

AMETH'ODIST, noun A quack. [Not used.]

Amethyst

AM'ETHYST, noun [Latin amethystus; Greek, which the Greeks supposed to be formed from neg. and, to inebriate, from some supposed quality in the stone of resisting intoxication. Plin. xxxvii. 9, mentions an opinion that it takes its name from its color approaching that of wine, but not reaching it.]

A sub-species of quartz, of a violet blue color, of different degrees of intensity. It generally occurs crystalized in hexahedral prisms or pyramids; also in rolled fragments, composed of imperfect prismatic crystals. Its fracture is conchoidal or splintery. It is wrought into various articles of jewelry.

Cleveland. Encyc.

Amethyst

AM'ETHYST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. It is the same, in a nobleman's escutcheen, as purpure, in a gentleman's, and mercury, in that of a prince.

Encyc.

Amethystine

AMETHYST'INE, adjective Pertaining to or resembling amethyst; anciently applied to a garment of the color of amethyst, as distinguished from the Tyrian and hyacinthine purple.

Amia

AM'IA, noun A genus of fish, of the abdominal order, found in the rivers of Carolina.

Pennant.

Amiable

A'MIABLE, adjective [French amiable; Latin amabilis; from amo, to love.]

1. Lovely; worthy of love; deserving of affection; applied usually to persons. But in Psalm 84:1there is an exception, "How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord."

2. Pretending or showing love.

Lay amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife.

Shak.

But this use is not legitimate.

Amiableness

A'MIABLENESS, noun The quality of deserving love; loveliness.

Amiably

A'MIABLY, adverb In an amiable manner; in a manner to excite or attract love.

Amianth

AM'IANTH, or AMIANTH'US, noun [Greek, of neg. and, to pollute, or vitiate; so called from its incombustibility. Plin. 36. 19.]

Earth-flax, or mountain flax; a mineral substance somewhat resembling flax; usually grayish, or of a greenish white; sometimes of a yellowish or silvery white, olive or mountain green, of a pale flesh red or ocher color. It is composed of delicate filaments, very flexible and somewhat elastic, often long and resembling threads of silk. It is incombustible, and has sometimes been wrought into cloth and paper.

Kirwan. Encyc. Cleaveland.

Amianthiform

AMIANTH'IFORM, adjective [Amianth and form.]

Having the form or likeness of amianth.

Amianthiform arseniate of copper.

Phillips.

Amianthinite

AMIANTH'INITE, noun A species of amorphous mineral, a variety of actinolite; its color ash, greenish or yellowish gray, often mixed with yellow or red; its fracture confusedly foliated and fibrous.

Kirwan.

Amianthoid

AMIANTH'OID, noun [Amianth and Greek, form.]

A mineral which occurs in tufts, composed of long capillary filaments, flexible and very elastic; more flexible than the fibers of asbestus, but stiffer and more elastic than those of amianth. The color is olive green, or greenish white.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland.

Amianthoid

AMIANTH'OID, adjective Resembling amianth in form.

Amicable

AM'ICABLE, adjective [Latin amicabilis, from amicus, a friend, from amo, to love.]

1. Friendly; peaceable; harmonious in social or mutual transactions; usually applied to the dispositions of men who have business with each other, or to their intercourse and transactions; as, nations or men have come to an amicable adjustment of their differences.

2. Disposed to peace and friendship; as, an amicable temper. [But rarely applied to a single person.]

Amicableness

AM'ICABLENESS, noun The quality of being peaceable, friendly, or disposed to peace; friendliness; a disposition to preserve peace and friendship.

Amicably

AM'ICABLY, adverb In a friendly manner; with harmony or good will; without controversy; as, the dispute was amicably adjusted.

Amice

AM'ICE, noun [Latin amictus from amicior, to clothe; French amict; Spanish amito; Portugese amicto.]

A square linen cloth that a Catholic priest ties about his neck, hanging down behind under the alb, when he officiates at mass.

Spanish and Portugese Dict.

Amid

AMID', or AMIDST', preposition [of a and Saxon midd, the middle, Latin medius. Amidst is the superlative degree middest, a contraction of Saxon mid-mesta, mid-most. See Middle and Midst.]

1. In the midst or middle.

2. Among; mingled with; as, a shepherd amidst his flock.

3. Surrounded, encompassed, or enveloped with; as, amidst the shade; amid the waves. Amid is used mostly in poetry.

Amid-Ships

AMID'-SHIPS, in marine language, the middle of a ship, with regard to her length and breadth.

Amilot

AM'ILOT, noun A white fish in the Mexican lakes, more than a foot in length, and much esteemed at the table.

Clavigero.

Amiss

AMISS', adjective [a and miss. See Miss.]

1. Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to ask advice. [This adjective always follows its noun.]

2. adv. In a faulty manner; contrary to propriety, truth, law or morality.

Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss.

James 4.

Applied to the body, it signifies indisposed; as, I am somewhat amiss to day.

Amity

AM'ITY, noun [French amitiÃƒ-©; Italian amistÃƒ- , amistÃƒ-¡de; Spanish amistad, from amistar, to reconcile; Portugese amizade; Norm. amistee, friendship, amez, friends, ameis, ametz, beloved. Qu. Latin amo, amicitia.]

Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies or nations; harmony; good understanding; as, our nation is in amity with all the world; a treaty of amity and commerce.

Amma

AM'MA, noun [Hebrew mother.]

1. An abbess or spiritual mother.

2. A girdle or truss used in ruptures. [Greek.]

Coxe.

Amman

AM'MAN, noun [German amtmann; Dutch amptman; Danish amtmand; a compound of ampt, Saxon ambaht or embeht, office, duty, charge, and man. See Embassador.]

In some European nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes. In France, a notary or officer who draws deeds and other writings.

Encyc.

Ammite

AM'MITE or HAM'MITE, noun [Greek, sand.]

A sand-stone or free-stone, of a pale brown color, very heavy, of a lax texture, composed of small round granules, cemented by an earthy sparry matter. The grit or granules are small stalagmites, composed of crusts or coats including one another. It is the roe-stone or oolite of recent authors. Da Costa. Plin. 37. 10.

Ammocete

AM'MOCETE, noun An obsolete name of the ammodyte. In Cuvier, the name of a genus of fish, including the lampern, Petromyzon branchialis, Linne.

Ammochryse

AM'MOCHRYSE, n. am'mokris, [Greek, sand, and, gold.]

A yellow soft stone, found in Germany, consisting of glossy yellow particles. When rubbed or ground, it is used to strew over writing, like black sand with us. Qu. yellow mica.

Plin. 37. 11. Encyc.

Ammodyte

AM'MODYTE, noun [Greek, sand, and, to enter.]

The sand eel, a genus of fish, of the apodal order, about a foot in length, with a compressed head, a long slender body, and scales hardly perceptible. There is but one species, the tobianus or lance. It buries itself in the sand, and is found also in the stomach of the porpess, which indicates that the latter fish roots up the sand like a hog.

Encyc.

This name is also given to a serpent of the size of a viper, and of a yellowish color, found in Africa; also to a large serpent of Ceylon, of a whitish ash color, and very venomous.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Ammonia

AMMO'NIA, or AM'MONY, noun [The real origin of this word is not ascertained. Some authors suppose it to be from Ammon, a title of Jupiter, near whose temple in upper Egypt, it was generated. Others suppose it to be from Ammonia, a Cyrenaic territory; and others deduce it from, sand, as it was found in sandy ground. Anglicized, this forms an elegant word, ammony.]

Volatile alkali; a substance, which, in its purest form, exists in a state of gas. It is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. Combined with the muriatic acid, it forms the muriate of ammonia, called also sal ammoniac and hydro-chlorate of ammonia.

Native muriate of ammony is found in Egypt, where it is said to be generated in large inns and caravanseras, from the excrements of camels and other beasts. It occurs also massive and crystalized in the vicinity of volcanoes. Ammony, popularly called hartshorn, is extremely pungent and acrid, but when diluted, is an agreeable stimulant. It extinguishes flame, and is fatal to animal life. It combines with acids, and produces a class of salts, which, with few exceptions, are soluble in water. Nicholson. Thompson. Webster's Manual.

Ammoniac

AMMO'NIAC, or AMMONI'ACAL, adjective Pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties.

Ammoniac

AMMO'NIAC, or AMMONIAC GUM, noun [See Ammonia.]

A gum resin, from Africa and the East, brought in large masses, composed of tears, internally white and externally yellow; supposed to be an exudation from an umbelliferous plant. It has a fetid smell, and a nauseous sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflammable, soluble in water and spirit of wine, and is used in medicine, as a deobstruent, and resolvent.

Encyc.

Ammonian

AMMO'NIAN, adjective Relating to Ammonius, surnamed Saccas, of Alexandria, who flourished at the end of the second century, and was the founder of the eclectic system of Philosophy; or rather, he completed the establishment of the sect, which originated with Potamo.

Enfield.

Ammonite

AM'MONITE, noun [Cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Ammon, whose statues were represented with ram's horns.]

Serpent-stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved into a spiral, like a ram's horn; of various sizes, from the smallest grains to three feet in diameter. This fossil is found in stratums of limestone and clay, and in argillaceous iron ore. It is smooth or ridged; the ridges strait, crooked or undulated.

Cyc. Encyc. Plin. 37. 10.

Ammonium

AMMO'NIUM, noun A name given to the supposed metallic basis of ammonia. If mercury, at the negative pole of a galvanic battery, is placed in contact with a solution of ammonia, and the circuit is completed, an amalgam is formed, which, at the temperature of 70Ã‚-° or 80Ã‚-° of Fahrenheit, is of the consistence of butter, but at the freezing point is a firm and crystalized mass. This amalgam is supposed to be formed by the metallic basis, ammonium.

Davy. Thomson.

Ammoniuret

AMMONI'URET, noun The solution of a substance in ammonia.

Ed. Encyc.

Ammunition

AMMUNI'TION, noun [Latin ad and munitio, from munio, to fortify.]

Military stores, or provisions for attack or defense. In modern usage, the signification is confined to the articles which are used in the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &c.

Ammunition-bread, bread or other provisions to supply troops.

Amnesty

AM'NESTY, noun [Greek, of neg. and, memory, from the root of mens, mind. See Mind.]

An act of oblivion; a general pardon of the offenses of subjects against the government, or the proclamation of such pardon.

Amnios

AM'NIOS or AM'NION, noun [Greek, a vessel or membrane.]

The innermost membrane surrounding the fetus in the womb. It is thin, transparent, soft and smooth on the inside, but rough on the outside.

Encyc.

Amniotic

AMNIOT'IC, adjective Obtained from the liquor of the amnios, as the amniotic acid.

Ure.

Amobean

AMOBE'AN, adjective Alternately answering.

Warton.

Amobeum

AMOBE'UM, noun [Greek, alternate; change.]

A poem in which persons are represented as speaking alternately, as the third and seventh eclogues of Virgil.

Encyc.

Amomum

AMO'MUM, noun [Greek; Arabic hamauma, from hamma, to warm or heat; the heating plant.]

A genus of plants; all natives of warm climates, and remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties. It includes the common ginger or zingiber, the zerumbet, zedoary, cardamom, and granum paradisi or grains of paradise. The roots of the three former, and the seeds of the two latter, are used in medicine as carminatives and stimulants, and in cookery as condiments. They are important articles of commerce.

Cyc.

True amomum is a round fruit, from the East, of the size of a grape, containing, under a membranous cover, a number of angular seeds of a dark brown color, in three cells. Of this fruit, ten or twelve grow in a cluster, adhering, without a pedicle, to a woody stalk. It is of a pungent taste and aromatic smell, and was formerly much used in medicine, but is now a stranger to the shops. Plin. 12. 13.

Encyc.

Among

AMONG', or AMONGST', prep. Amung', or Amungst', [Saxon onmang, ongemang, among; gemangan, to mingle; Dutch and German mengen; Swedish mangia; Danish moenger, to mingle; Greek. See Mingle.]

1. In a general or primitive sense, mixed or mingled with; as tares among wheat.

2. Conjoined or associated with, or making part of the number.

Blessed art thou among women. Luke, 1.

3. Of the number; as, there is not one among a thousand, possessing the like qualities.

Amonian

AMO'NIAN, adjective [from Amon or Hamon, a title of Jupiter, or rather of the sun; Arabic Hebrew and Chaldee, Ham or Camah, which, as a verb, signifies to heat or warm, and as a noun, heat or the sun; and in Arabic, the supreme God.]

Pertaining to Jupiter Amon, or to his temple and worship in upper Egypt.

Bryant.

Amorado

AMORA'DO, noun [Latin amor, love, amo, to love. But the word is ill formed.]

A lover. See Inamorato, which is chiefly used.

Chaldee Rel. Appeal.

Amore

AMO'RE, noun A name given by Marcgrave, to a tribe of fish, of three species, the pixuma, guacu, and tinga. They are found about the shores of South America, and are used for food.

Cyc. Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amoreans

AMORE'ANS, noun A sect of Gemaric doctors or commentators on the Jerusalem Talmud. The Amoreans were followed by the Mishnic doctors, and these by the Sebureans.

Amoret

AMORET', noun [Latin amor, love; French amourette.]

A lover; an amorous woman; also a love knot or a trifling love affair.

Good's Sacred Idyls. Chaucer.

Amorist

AM'ORIST, noun [Latin amor, love.]

A lover; a gallant; an inamorato.

Boyle.

Amoroso

AMORO'SO, noun [Italian from amor, love.]

A lover; a man enamored.

Amorous

AM'OROUS, adjective [French amoreux; Italian amoroso; from Latin amor, love.]

1. Inclined to love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment; loving; fond.

2. In love; enamored.

Shak.

3. Pertaining or relating to love; produced by love; indicating love; as, amorous delight; amorous airs.

Milton. Waller.

Amorously

AM'OROUSLY, adverb In an amorous manner; fondly; lovingly.

Amorousness

AM'OROUSNESS, noun The quality of being inclined to love, or to sexual pleasure; fondness; lovingness.

Sidney.

Amorpha

AMORPH'A, noun [Greek neg. and, form.]

False or bastard indigo. The plant is a native of Carolina, constituting a genus. It rises, with many irregular stems, to the highth of twelve or fourteen feet; the leaves, beautifully pinnated, are of an admired green color, and its purple flowers grow in spikes of seven or eight inches long. Of this plant has been made a coarse kind of indigo.

Encyc.

Amorphous

AMORPH'OUS, adjective [Greek neg. and, form.]

Having no determinate form; of irregular shape; not of any regular figure.

Kirwan.

Amorphy

AMORPH'Y, noun Irregularity of form; deviation from a determinate shape.

Swift.

Amort

AMORT', adverb [Latin mors, mortuus.]

In the state of the dead.

Shak.

Amortization

AMORTIZA'TION or AMORT'IZEMENT, noun The act or right of alienating lands or tenements to a corporation, which was considered formerly as transferring them to dead hands, as such alienations were mostly made to religious houses for superstitious uses.

Blackstone.

Amortize

AMORT'IZE, verb transitive [Norm. amortizer, amortir; Spanish amortizar, to sell in mortmain; Italian ammortire, to extinguish, from morte, Latin mors, death. See Mortmain.]

In English law, to alienate in mortmain, that is, to sell to a corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their successors. This was considered as selling to dead hands. This cannot be done without the king's license. [See Mortmain.]

Blackstone. Cowel.

Amotion

AMO'TION, noun [Latin amotio; amoveo.]

Removal.

Warton.

Amount

AMOUNT', verb intransitive [French monter, to ascend; Norm. amont, upwards; Spanish Portugese montar; Italian montare; from Latin mons, a mountain, or its root; Welsh mynyz.]

1. To rise to or reach, by an accumulation of particulars, into an aggregate whole; to compose in the whole; as, the interest on the several sums amounts to fifty dollars.

2. To rise, reach, or extend to, in effect, or substance; to result in, by consequence, when all things are considered; as, the testimony of these witnesses amounts to very little.

Bacon.

Amount

AMOUNT', noun The sum total of two or more particular sums or quantities; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is 16.

2. The effect, substance or result; the sum; as, the amount of the testimony is this.

Amounting

AMOUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Rising to, by accumulation or addition; coming or increasing to; resulting in effect or substance.

Amour

AMOUR', noun [French, from Latin amor, love.]

An unlawful connection in love; a love intrigue; an affair of gallantry.

South.

Amoval

AMOV'AL, noun [Latin amoveo].

Total removal. [Not used.]

Evelyn.

Amove

AMOVE', verb transitive [Latin amoveo, a and moveo, to move.]

To remove. [Not used.]

Hall. Spenser.

Ampelite

AM'PELITE, noun [Greek, a vine. The name of an earth used to kill worms on vines. Pliny says it is like bitumen. Lib. 35, 16.]

Cannel coal, or candle coal; an inflammable substance of a black color, compact texture, and resinous luster, and sufficiently hard to be cut and polished. It burns with a bright flame, of a short duration; and gives but a moderate heat. It is used like jet for making toys. It is found in France and England, where husbandmen smear vines with it to kill vermin.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Amphibial

AMPHIB'IAL, AMPHIB'IA, noun [Greek, both or about, and, life.]

In zoology, amphibials are a class of animals, so formed as to live on land, and for a long time under water. Their heart has but one ventricle; their blood is red and cold; and they have such command of the lungs, as for a considerable time, to suspend respiration. This class of animals is divided into two orders, the Reptiles and the Serpents. To the first belong the testudo, or tortoise, the draco or dragon, the lacerta or lizard, and the rana or frog; to the second, the crotalus, boa, coluber, anguis, amphisbena, and cecilia.

Linne.

The term has also been applied to such quadrupeds, as frequent the water, particularly the marine quadrupeds, such as the seal, walrus and lamantin.

Encyc.

Amphibiolite

AMPHIB'IOLITE, noun [Greek, amphibious, and, stone.]

A fragment of a petrified amphibious animal.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Amphibiological

AMPHIBIOLOG'ICAL, adjective [Infra].

Pertaining to amphibiology.

Amphibiology

AMPHIBIOL'OGY, noun [Greek, on both sides, life, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on amphibious animals, or the history and description of such animals.

Amphibious

AMPHIB'IOUS, adjective [See Amphibial.

1. Having the power of living in two elements, air and water, as frogs, crocodiles, beavers, and the like.

2. Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures; as, an amphibious breed.

Amphibiousness

AMPHIB'IOUSNESS, noun The quality of being able to live in two elements, or of partaking of two natures.

Amphibium

AMPHIB'IUM, noun That which lives in two elements, as in air and water.

Amphibole

AM'PHIBOLE, noun [Greek, equivocal; and.]

A name given by HaÃƒ-¼y to a species of min- erals, including the Tremolite, Hornblend, and Actinolite. Its primitive form is an oblique rhombic prism.

Cleaveland.

Amphibolic

AMPHIBOL'IC, adjective Pertaining to amphibole; resembling amphibole, or partaking of its nature and characters.

Cooper.

Amphibological

AMPHIBOLOGICAL, adjective Doubtful; of doubtful meaning.

Amphibologically

AMPHIBOLOG'ICALLY, adverb With a doubtful meaning.

Amphibology

AMPHIBOL'OGY, noun [Greek, and, speech,.]

A phrase or discourse, susceptible of two interpretations, and hence, a phrase of uncertain meaning. Amphibology arises from the order of the phrase, rather than from the ambiguous meaning of a word, which is called equivocation. We have an example in the answer of the oracle to Pyrrhus. "Aio te Romanos vincere posse." Here te and Romanos, may either of them precede or follow vincere posse, and the sense may be either, you may conquer the Romans, or the Romans may conquer you. The English language seldom admits of amphibology.

Encyc. Johnson.

Amphibolous

AMPHIB'OLOUS, adjective [Greek, and, to strike.]

Tossed from one to another; striking each way, with mutual blows. [Little used].

Amphiboly

AMPHIB'OLY, noun [Greek, both ways, and, to strike.]

Ambiguity of meaning. [Rarely used].

Spelman.

Amphibrach

AM'PHIBRACH, noun [Greek, and, short.]

In poetry, a foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short; as habere, in Latin. In English verse, it is used as the last foot, when a syllable is added to the usual number forming a double rhyme; as,

The piece, you think, is incorrect, why take it?

Pope. Trumbull.

Amphicome

AM'PHICOME, noun [Greek and, hair.]

A kind of figured stone, of a round shape, but rugged and beset with eminences; called Erotylos, on account of its supposed power of exciting love. Anciently, it was used in divination; but it is little known to the moderns.

Encyc.

Amphictyonic

AMPHICTYON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the august council of Amphictyons.

Amphictyons

AMPHIC'TYONS, noun In Grecian history, an assembly or council of deputies from the different states of Greece, supposed to be so called from Amphictyon, the son of Deucalion, but this opinion is probably a fable. Ten or twelve states were represented in this assembly, which sat at Thermopylae, but ordinarily at Delphi. Each city sent two deputies, one called Hieromnemon and the other Pylagoras. The former inspected the sacrifices and ceremonies of religion; the latter, had the charge of deciding causes and differences between private persons. The former was elected by lot; the latter by a plurality of voices. They had an equal right to deliberate and vote in all matters relating to the common interests of Greece.

Paus. Plin. Strabo. Encyc.

Amphigene

AM'PHIGENE, noun [Greek and.]

In mineralogy, another name of the leucite or Vesuvian.

Amphihexahedral

AMPHIHEXAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, and hexahedral].

In crystalography, when the faces of the crystal, counted in two different directions, give two hexahedral outlines, or are found to be six in number.

Cleaveland.

Amphimacer

AMPHIM'ACER, noun [Greek, long on both sides.]

In ancient poetry, a foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in castitas.

Amphisben

AMPHIS'BEN, or AMPHISBE'NA, noun [Greek, of and, to go; indicating that the animal moves with either end foremost.]

A genus of serpents, with the head small, smooth and blunt; the nostrils small, the eyes minute and blackish, and the mouth furnished with small teeth. The body is cylindrical, destitute of scales, and divided into numerous annular segments; the tail obtuse, and scarcely to be distinguished from the head, whence the belief that it moved equally well with either end foremost. There are two species; the fuliginosa, black with white spots, found in Africa and America; and the alba, or white species, found in both the Indies, and generally in ant-hillocks. They feed on ants and earth-worms, and were formerly deemed poisonous; but this opinion is exploded.

Plin. 8. 23. Encyc. Cyc.

The aquatic amphisben, Gordius aquaticus, Linne, is an animal resembling a horse hair, found in water, and moving with either end foremost. The vulgar opinion that this is an animated horse-hair is found to be an error. This hair worm is generated in the common black beetle, in which the parent worm lays its eggs; and is sometimes found in the earth and on the leaves of trees.

Lister, Phil. Trans. No. 83.

Amphiscii

AMPHIS'CII, or AMPHIS'CIANS, noun [Greek, on both sides, and, shadow.]

In geography, the inhabitants of the tropics, whose shadows, in one part of the year, are cast to the north, and in the other, to the south, according as the sun is in the southern or northern signs.

Amphitane

AM'PHITANE, noun A name given by ancient naturalists to a fossil, called by Dr. Hill pyricubium. Pliny describes it as of a square figure and a gold color. Qu. Cubic pyrites.

Pliny, 37. 10. Encyc.

Amphitheater

AMPHITHE'ATER, noun [Greek, of, about, and, theater, from, to see or look.]

1. An edifice in an oval or circular form, having its area encompassed with rows of seats, rising higher as they recede from the area, on which people used to sit to view the combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and other sports. The ancient theater was a semicircle, but exceeding it by a fourth part of its diameter; the amphitheater was a double theater, and its longest diameter was to its shortest as 1 1-2 to 1. It was at first of wood, but in the reign of Augustus one was erected of stone. The area or cavea being covered with sand was called arena.

Kennet.

2. In gardening, a disposition of shrubs and trees in the form of an amphitheater, on a slope, or forming a slope, by placing the lowest in front. An amphitheater may also be formed of turf only.

Encyc.

Amphitheatral

AMPHITHE'ATRAL, adjective Resembling an amphitheater.

Tooke.

Amphitheatrical

AMPHITHEAT'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to or exhibited in an amphitheater.

Warton.

Amphitrite

AM'PHITRITE, noun [Greek, a goddess of the sea.]

A genus of marine animals, of the Linnean order, Mollusca.

Amphor

AM'PHOR, or AM'PHORA, noun [Latin amphora; Greek, or; and.]

Among the Greeks and Romans, a liquid measure. The amphora of the Romans contained about forty-eight sextaries, equal to seven gallons and a pint, English wine measure. The Grecian or Attic amphor contained about a third more. This was also, among the Romans, a dry measure of about three bushels. Among the Venetians, it is a liquid measure of sixteen quarts.

This name was formerly used in England; but the capacity of the Saxon ambra is not certainly known.

LL. Inoe. Cap. 70. Wilkins, Pref. LL. AEthelston. Spelman. Encyc.

Ample

AM'PLE, adjective [French ample; Latin amplus].

1. Large; wide; spacious; extended; as ample room. This word carries with it the sense of room or space fully sufficient for the use intended.

2. Great in bulk, or size; as an ample tear.

Shak.

3. Liberal; unrestrained; without parsimony; fully sufficient; as, ample provision for the table; ample justice.

4. Liberal; magnificent; as ample promises.

5. Diffusive; not brief or contracted; as an ample narrative.

Ampleness

AM'PLENESS, noun Largeness; spaciousness; sufficiency; abundance.

Amplexicaul

AMPLEX'ICAUL, adjective [Latin amplexor, to embrace, of amb about, and plico, plexus, to fold, and caulis, a stem.]

In botany, surrounding or embracing the stem, as the base of a leaf.

Ampliate

AM'PLIATE, verb transitive [Latin amplio.. See Ample].

To enlarge; to make greater; to extend. [Little used].

Ampliation

AMPLIA'TION, noun Enlargement; amplification; diffuseness. [Little used].

2. In Roman antiquity, a deferring to pass sentence; a postponement of a decision, to obtain further evidence.

Encyc.

Amplification

AMPLIFICA'TION, noun [Latin amplificatio].

1. Enlargement; extension.

2. In rhetoric, diffusive description or discussion; exaggerated representation; copious argument, intended to present the subject in every view or in the strongest light; diffuse narrative, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject; a description given in more words than are necessary, or an illustration by various examples and proofs.

Amplified

AM'PLIFIED, participle passive Enlarged; extended; diffusively treated.

Amplifier

AM'PLIFIER, noun One who amplifies or enlarges; one who treats a subject diffusively, to exhibit it in the strongest light.

Sidney.

Amplify

AM'PLIFY, verb transitive [French amplifier; Latin amplifico; of amplus and facio, to make large.]

1. To enlarge; to augment; to increase or extend, in a general sense; applied to material or immaterial things.

2. In rhetoric, to enlarge in discussion or by representation; to treat copiously, so as to present the subject in every view and in the strongest lights.

3. To enlarge by addition; to improve or extend; as, to amplify the sense of an author by a paraphrase.

Amplify

AM'PLIFY, verb intransitive To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or description; to dilate upon; often followed by on; as, to amplify on the several topics of discourse.

Watts.

2. To exaggerate; to enlarge by representation or description; as,

Homer amplifiesÃ‚--not invents.

Pope.

Amplifying

AM'PLIFYING, participle of the present tense Enlarging; exaggerating; diffusively treating.

Amplitude

AM'PLITUDE, noun [Latin amplitudo, from amplus, large.]

1. Largeness; extent, applied to bodies; as, the amplitude of the earth.

2. Largeness; extent of capacity or intellectual powers; as, amplitude of mind.

3. Extent of means or power; abundance; sufficiency.

Watts.

Amplitude, in astronomy, is an arch of the horizon intercepted between the east and west point, and the center of the sun or star at its rising or setting. At the rising of a star, the amplitude is eastern or ortive; at the setting, it is western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when north or south of the equator.

Johnson. Encyc.

Amplitude of the range, in projectiles, is the horizontal line subtending the path of a body thrown, or the line which measures the distance it has moved.

Johnson. Chambers.

Magnetical amplitude is the arch of the horizon between the sun or a star, at rising or setting, and the east or west point of the horizon, by the compass. The difference between this and the true amplitude is the variation of the compass.

Encyc.

Amply

AM'PLY, adverb Largely; liberally; fully; sufficiently; copiously; in a diffusive manner.

Amputate

AM'PUTATE, verb transitive [Latin amputo, of amb, about, and puto, to prune.]

1. To prune branches of trees or vines; to cut off.

2. To cut off a limb or other part of an animal body; a term of surgery.

Amputated

AM'PUTATED, participle passive Cut off; separated from the body.

Amputating

AM'PUTATING, participle of the present tense Cutting off a limb or part of the body.

Amputation

AMPUTA'TION, noun [Latin amputatio].

The act or operation of cutting off a limb or some part of the body.

Amulet

AM'ULET, noun [Latin amuletum; French amulette; Spanish amuleto; from Latin amolior, amolitus, to remove.]

Something worn as a remedy or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft. Amulets, in days of ignorance, were common. They consisted of certain stones, metals or plants; sometimes of words, characters or sentences, arranged in a particular order. They were appended to the neck or body. Among some nations, they are still in use.

Encyc.

Amuse

AMU'SE, v. t. s as z [French amuser, to stop or keep at bay, to detain; from muser, to loiter, or trifle; Italian musare, to gaze or stand idle; German mÃƒ-¼ssig, idle. Qu. Greek; Latin musso].

1. To entertain the mind agreeably; to occupy or detain attention with agreeable objects, whether by singing, conversation, or a show of curiosities. Dr. Johnson remarks, that amuse implies something less lively than divert, and less important than please. Hence it is often said, we are amused with trifles.

2. To detain; to engage the attention by hope or expectation; as, to amuse one by flattering promises.

Amused

AMU'SED, pp. s as z. Agreeably entertained; having the mind engaged by something pleasing.

Amusement

AMU'SEMENT, n. s as z. That which amuses, detains or engages the mind; entertainment of the mind; pastime; a pleasurable occupation of the senses, or that which furnishes it, as dancing, sports or music.

Amuser

AMU'SER, n. s as z. One who amuses, or affords an agreeable entertainment to the mind.

Amusing

AMU'SING, participle of the present tense or a. s as z. Entertaining: giving moderate pleasure to the mind, so as to engage it; pleasing.

Amusingly

AMU'SINGLY, adv. s as z. In an amusing manner.

Amusive

AMU'SIVE, adjective That has the power to amuse or entertain the mind.

Amygdalate

AMYG'DALATE, adjective [Latin amygdalus, an almond.] Made of almonds.

Amygdalate

AMYG'DALATE, noun An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds.

Bailey. Coxe.

Amygdaline

AMYG'DALINE, adjective Pertaining to or resembling the almond.

Amygdalite

AMYG'DALITE, noun A plant; a species of spurge, with leaves resembling those of the almond.

Ash.

Amygdaloid

AMYG'DALOID, noun [Greek, an almond, and, form; German mandel-stein, almond-stone.]

Toad-stone; a compound rock, consisting of a basis of basalt, greenstone or some other variety of trap, imbedding nodules of various minerals, particularly calcarious spar, quartz, agate, zeolite, chlorite, &c. When the imbedded minerals are detached, it is porous, like lava.

Cleaveland.

Amygdaloidal

AMYG'DALOIDAL, adjective Pertaining to amygdaloid.

Amylaceous

AMYLA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin amylum, starch, of a priv. and, a mill, being formerly made without grinding. Plin. 18. vii.]

Pertaining to starch, or the farinaceous part of grain; resembling starch.

Amyline

AM'YLINE, noun [Latin amylum; Greek; unground, a and, mill.]

A farinaceous substance between gum and starch.

Webster's Manual.

Amyraldism

AM'YRALDISM, noun In church history, the doctrine of universal grace, as explained by Amyraldus, or Amyrault, of France, in the seventeenth century. He taught that God desires the happiness of all men, and that none are excluded by a divine decree, but that none can obtain salvation without faith in Christ; that God refuses to none the power of believing, though he does not grant to all his assistance to improve this power.

Encyc.

Amyztli

AMYZ'TLI, noun A Mexican name of the sealion, an amphibious quadruped, inhabiting the shores and rivers of America, on the Pacific ocean. Its body is three feet in length, and its tail, two feet. It has a long snout, short legs and crooked nails. Its skin is valued for the length and softness of its hair.

Clavigero.

An

AN, adjective [Saxon an, ane, one; Dutch een; German ein; Swedish and Danish en; French on, un, une; Spanish un, uno; Italian uno, una; Latin unus, una, unum; Greek; Irish ein, ean, aon; Welsh un, yn; Cornish uynyn; Armoric yunan].

One; nothing an individual, either definitely, known, certain, specified, or understood; or indefinitely, not certain, known, or specified. Definitely, as "Noah built an ark of Gopher wood." "Paul was an eminent apostle." Indefinitely, as "Bring me an orange." Before a consonant the letter n is dropped, as a man; but our ancestors wrote an definitely, or indefinitely. Definitely, as "I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God." Exodus 6. Indefinitely, as "the province of a judge is to decide controversies." An being the same word as one, should not be used with it; "such an one" is tautology; the true phrase is such one. Although an, a and one, are the same word, and always have the same sense, yet by custom, an and a are used exclusively as a definitive adjective, and one is used in numbering. Where our ancestors wrote an, twa, thry, we now use one, two, three. So an and a are never used except with a noun; but one like other adjectives, is sometimes used without its noun, and as a substitute for it; "one is at a loss to assign a reason for such conduct."

An

AN, in old English authors, signifies if; as, "an it please your honor." So in Greek or, Arabic, Samaritan and Latin an, if or whether; Irish an, Chaldee or, if, whether. It is probably an imperative, like if, gif, give. Qu. Saxon annan, or anan, to give.

Ana

A'NA, aa, or a. [Greek ava].

In medical prescriptions, it signifies an equal quantity of the several ingredients; as, wine and honey, ana, aa or a ii. that is, of wine and honey each two ounces.

Ana

A'NA, as a termination, is annexed to the names of authors to denote a collection of their memorable sayings. Thus, Scaligerana, is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger. It was used by the Romans, as in Collectaneus, collected, gathered.

Anabaptism

ANABAP'TISM, noun [See Anabaptist].

The doctrine of the Anabaptists.

Ash.

Anabaptist

ANABAP'TIST, noun [Greek ava, again, and, a baptist.]

One who holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults, or of the invalidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of rebaptization in an adult age. One who maintains that baptism ought always to be performed by immersion.

Encyc.

Anabaptistic

ANABAPTIST'IC, or ANABAPTIST'ICAL, adjective Relating to the Anabaptists, or to their doctrines.

Milton. Bull.

Anabaptistry

ANABAP'TISTRY, noun The sect of Anabaptists.

Anabaptize

ANABAPTI'ZE, verb transitive To rebaptize. [Not used.]

Whitlock.

Anaca

ANACA, noun A species of parokeet, about the size of a lark; the crown of the head is a dark red, the upper part of the neck, sides, back and wings are green.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Anacamptic

ANACAMP'TIC, adjective [Greek ava and, to bend.]

1. Reflecting or reflected; a word formerly applied to that part of optics, which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called catoptric. [See Catoptrics].

2. Anacamptic sounds, among the Greeks, were sounds produced by reflection, as in echoes; or such as proceeded downwards from acute to grave.

Rousseau. Busby.

Anacamptics

ANACAMP'TICS, noun The doctrine of reflected light. [See Catoptrics].

Anacardium

ANACAR'DIUM, noun The cashew-nut, or marking nut, which produces a thickish, red, caustic, inflammable liquor, which, when used in marking, turns black, and is very durable.

Ure.

Anacathartic

ANACATHAR'TIC, adjective [Greek ava, upward, and, a purging. See Cathartic].

Throwing upwards; cleansing by exciting vomiting, expectoration, &c.

Quincy.

Anacathartic

ANACATHAR'TIC, noun A medicine which excites discharges by the mouth, or nose, as expectorants, emetics, sternutatories and masticatories.

Quincy.

Anachoret

ANACHORET, [See Anchoret].

Anachronism

ANACH'RONISM, noun [Greek ava, and, time.]

An error in computing time; any error in chronology, by which events are misplaced.

Anachronistic

ANACHRONIS'TIC, adjective Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.

Warton.

Anaclastic

ANACLAS'TIC, adjective [Greek ava and, a breaking, from, to break.]

Refracting; breaking the rectilinear course of light.

Anaclastic glasses, sonorous glasses or phials, which are flexible, and emit a vehement noise by means of the human breath; called also vexing glasses, from the fright which their resilience occasions. They are low phials with flat bellies, like inverted tunnels, and with very thin convex bottoms. By drawing out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing into them, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former convex form.

Encyc.

Anaclastics

ANACLAS'TICS, noun That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, which see.

Encyc.

Anacoenosis

ANACOENO'SIS, noun [Greek; ava and, common.]

A figure of rhetoric, by which a speaker applies to his opponents for their opinion on the point in debate.

Walker.

Anaconda

ANACOND'A, noun A name given in Ceylon to a large snake, a species of Boa, which is said to devour travelers. Its flesh is excellent food.

Encyc.

Anacreontic

ANACREON'TIC, adjective Pertaining to Anacreon, a Greek poet, whose odes and epigrams are celebrated for their delicate, easy and graceful air, and for their exact imitation of nature. His verse consists of three feet and a half, usually spondees and iambuses, sometimes anapests; as in this line of Horace.

"Lydia, dic per omnes."

Encyc.

Ancreontic

ANCREON'TIC, noun A poem composed in the manner of Anacreon.

Anademe

AN'ADEME, noun [Greek.] A chaplet or crown of flowers.

Welsh Browne.

Anadiplosis

ANADIPLO'SIS, noun [Greek ava, again, and, double.]

Duplication, a figure in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repetition of the last word or words in a line or clause of a sentence, in the beginning of the next; as, "he retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes, misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or prevent.

Encyc.

Anadromous

ANAD'ROMOUS, adjective [Greek ava, upward, and, course.]

Ascending; a word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresh waters, at stated seasons.

Encyc.

Anaglyph

AN'AGLYPH, noun [Greek ava, and, to engrave.]

An ornament made by sculpture.

Anaglyptic

ANAGLYP'TIC, adjective Relating to the art of carving, engraving, enchasing or embossing plate.

Evelyn.

Anagoge

AN'AGOGE, or AN'AGOGY, noun [Greek, of ava, upward, and, a leading, from.]

An elevation of mind to things celestial; the spiritual meaning or application of words; also the application of the types and allegories of the old testament to subjects of the new.

Encyc.

Anagogical

ANAGOG'ICAL, adjective Mysterious; elevated; spiritual; as, the rest of the sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven.

Anagogically

ANAGOG'ICALLY, adverb In a mysterious sense; with religious elevation.

Anagogics

ANAGOG'ICS, noun Mysterious considerations.

Addison.

Anagram

AN'AGRAM, noun [Greek ava, and, a letter.]

A transposition of the letters of a name, by which a new word is formed. Thus Galenus becomes angelus; William Noy, (attorney general to Charles I., a laborious man,) may be turned into I moyl in law.

Anagrammatic

ANAGRAMMAT'IC, or ANAGRAMMAT'ICAL, adjective Making an anagram.

Camden's Remains.

Anagrammatically

ANAGRAMMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of an anagram.

Anagrammatism

ANAGRAM'MATISM, noun The act or practice of making anagrams.

Camden.

Anagrammatist

ANAGRAM'MATIST, noun A maker of anagrams.

Anagrammatize

ANAGRAM'MATIZE, verb intransitive To make anagrams.

Herbert.

Anagros

AN'AGROS, noun A measure of grain in Spain, containing something less than two bushels.

Encyc.

Anal

A'NAL, adjective [Latin anus.] Pertaining to the anus; as, the anal fin.

Encyc. Pennant.

Analcim

ANAL'CIM, or ANAL'CIME, noun Cubic zeolite, found in aggregated or cubic crystals.

Ure.

This mineral is generally crystalized, but is also found amorphous, and in reniform, mammillary, laminated or radiated masses.

By friction, it acquires a weak electricity; hence its name, Greek, weak.

Cleaveland.

Analects

AN'ALECTS, noun [Greek ava and, to collect.]

A collection of short essays, or remarks.

Encyc.

Analemma

AN'ALEMMA, noun [Greek, altitude.]

1. In geometry, a projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, orthographically made by straight lines, circles and ellipses, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west points of the horizon. Also,

2. An instrument of wood or brass on which this kind of projection is drawn, with a horizon and cursor fitted to it, in which the solstitial colure, and all circles parallel to it, will be concentric circles; all circles oblique to the eye will be ellipses; and all circles whose planes pass through the eye, will be right lines.

Encyc. Ash.

Analepsis

ANALEP'SIS, noun [Greek, from, to receive again.]

The augmentation or nutrition of an emaciated body; recovery of strength after a disease.

Quincy.

Analeptic

ANALEP'TIC, adjective Corroborating; invigorating; giving strength after disease.

Analeptic

ANALEP'TIC, noun A medicine which gives strength, and aids in restoring a body to health after sickness; a restorative.

Analogal

ANAL'OGAL, adjective Analogous. [Not used].

Hale.

Analogical

ANALOGICAL, adjective Having analogy; used by way of analogy; bearing some relation. Thus analogical reasoning is reasoning from some similitude which things known bear to things unknown. An analogical word is one which carries with it some relation to the original idea. Thus the word firm primarily denotes solidity or compactness in a material body; and by analogy, when used of the mind, it conveys the idea of qualities having a similitude to the solidity of bodies, that is, fixedness or immovability.

Watts.

Analogically

ANALOG'ICALLY, adverb In an analogical manner; by way of similitude, relation or agreement. Thus to reason analogically is to deduce inferences from some agreement or relation which things bear to each other.

Analogicalness

ANALOG'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being analogical; fitness to be applied for the illustration of some analogy.

Johnson.

Analogism

ANAL'OGISM, noun [Greek.]

An argument from the cause to the effect.

Johnson.

Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other.

Crabbe.

Analogist

ANAL'OGIST, noun One who adheres to analogy.

Analogize

ANAL'OGIZE, verb transitive To explain by analogy; to form some resemblance between different things; to consider a thing with regard to its analogy to something else.

Cheyne.

Analogous

ANAL'OGOUS, adjective Having analogy; bearing some resemblance or proportion; followed by to; as, there is something in the exercise of the mind analogous to that of the body.

Analogy

ANAL'OGY, noun [Greek, of ava, and, ratio, proportion.]

1. An agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different.

Thus a plant is said to have life, because its growth resembles in some degree, that of an animal. In life and growth, then, there is an analogy between a plant and an animal. Learning enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind, what light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden. When the things which have an analogy follow a preposition, that preposition must be between or betwixt; as there is an analogy between plants and animals, or between customs. When one of the things precedes a verb, and the other follows, the preposition used must be to or with; as, a plant has some analogy to or with an animal.

2. With grammarians, analogy is a conformity of words to the genius, structure or general rules of a language. Thus the general rule in English is that the plural of a noun ends in es; therefore all nouns which have that plural termination have an analogy, or are formed in analogy with other words of a like kind.

Johnson. Encyc.

Analysis

ANAL'YSIS, noun [Greek, of ava and, a loosing, or resolving, from, to loosen. See Loose].

1. The separation of a compound body into its constituent parts; a resolving; as, an analysis of water, air or oil, to discover its elements.

2. A consideration of any thing in its separate parts; an examination of the different parts of a subject, each separately; as the words which compose a sentence; the notes of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to synthesis.

In mathematics, analysis is the resolving of problems by algebraic equations. The analysis of finite quantities is otherwise called algebra, or specious arithmetic. The analysis of infinites is the method of fluxions, or the differential calculus.

Encyc.

In logic, analysis is the tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles.

3. A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a continued discourse, disposed in their natural order.

4. A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense, it is nearly synonymous with synopsis.

Analyst

AN'ALYST, noun One who analyzes, or is versed in analysis.

Kirwan.

Analytic

ANALYT'IC, or ANALYT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to analysis; that resolves into first principles; that separates into parts or original principles; that resolves a compound body or subject; as, an analytical experiment in chimistry, or an analytical investigation. It is opposed to synthetic.

Analytically

ANALYT'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of analysis; by way of separating a body into its constituent parts, or a subject, into its principles.

Analytics

ANALYT'ICS, noun The science of analysis. [See Analysis].

Analyze

AN'ALYZE, verb transitive [Greek. See Analysis].

To resolve a body into its elements; to separate a compound subject into its parts or propositions, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; as, to analyze a fossil substance; to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.

Analyzed

AN'ALYZED, participle passive Resolved into its constituent parts or principles, for examination.

Analyzer

AN'ALYZER, noun One who analyzes; that which analyzes or has the power to analyze.

Analyzing

AN'ALYZING, participle of the present tense Resolving into elements, constituent parts, or first principles.

Anamorph Osis

ANAMORPH OSIS, noun [Greek ava, and, formation.]

In perspective drawings, a deformed or distorted portrait or figure, which, in one point of view, is confused or unintelligible, and in another, is an exact and regular representation; or confused to the naked eye, but reflected from a plain or curved mirror, appearing regular, and in right proportion.

Johnson. Encyc.

Ananas

ANA'NAS, noun The name of a species of Bromelia, the pine-apple.

Encyc.

Anapest

AN'APEST, noun [Greek ava, and, to strike. Bailey].

In poetry, a foot, consisting of three syllables, the two first short, the last long; the reverse of the dactyl; as,

Can a bosom so gentle remain

Unmoved when her Corydon sighs?

Shenstone.

Anapestic

ANAPEST'IC, noun The anapestic measure.

Bentley.

Anapestic

ANAPEST'IC, adjective Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of anapestic feet.

Anaphora

ANAPH'ORA, noun [Greek from.]

1. A figure in rhetoric, when the same word or words are repeated at the beginning of two or more succeeding verses or clauses of a sentence; as, "Where is the disputer of this world?"

Johnson.

2. Among physicians, the discharge of blood or purulent matter by the mouth.

Encyc. Coxe.

Anaplerotic

ANAPLEROT'IC, adjective [Greek, to fill.]

Filling up; supplying or renovating flesh.

Anaplerotic

ANAPLEROT'IC, noun A medicine which renews flesh or wasted parts.

Encyc. Coxe.

Anarch

AN'ARCH, noun [See Anarchy.] The author of confusion; one who excites revolt.

Milton.

Anarchic

ANARCH'IC, or ANARCH'ICAL, adjective Without rule or government; in a state of confusion; applied to state or society. Fielding uses anarchial, a word of less difficult pronunciation.

Anarchist

AN'ARCHIST, noun An anarch; one who excites revolt, or promotes disorder in a state.

Stephens.

Anarchy

AN'ARCHY, noun [Greek, of priv, and, rule.]

Want of government; a state of society, when there is no law or supreme power, or when the laws are not efficient, and individuals do what they please with impunity; political confusion.

Anarhichas

ANAR'HICHAS, noun The sea wolf; a genus of ravenous fish, of the order of Apodals, found in the northern seas.

Anas

A'NAS, noun [Latin] A genus of water fowl of the order Anseres; including the swans, geese, and ducks. The species are very numerous.

Anasarca

ANAS'ARCA, noun [Greek ava, in or between, and, flesh.]

A species of dropsy, from a serous humor spread between the skin and flesh; or an accumulation of lymph in the cellular membrane, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.

Quincy. Coxe.

Anasarcous

ANAS'ARCOUS, adjective Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical.

Anastomose

ANAS'TOMOSE, v. i. s as z. [Greek, and, mouth.]

To inosculate; to unite the mouth of one vessel with another, as the arteries with the veins.

Darwin. Encyc.

Anastomosy

ANASTOM'OSY, or ANASTOMO'SIS, noun The inosculation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another, as an artery into a vein; a relaxation or dilatation of the mouths of vessels; also the communication of two vessels, as a vein with a vein.

Quincy. Encyc. Coxe.

Anastomotic

ANASTOMOT'IC, adjective Opening the mouths of vessels, or removing obstructions.

Anastomotic

ANASTOMOT'IC, noun A medicine supposed to have the power of opening the mouths of vessels, and promoting circulation, such as cathartics, deobstruents and sudorifics.

Encyc.

Anastrophe

ANAS'TROPHE, or ANAS'TROPHY, noun [Greek, a conversion or inversion.]

In rhetoric and grammar, an inversion of the natural order of words; as saxa per et scopulos, for per saxa et scopulos.

Encyc.

Anatase

AN'ATASE, noun [Greek, extension, so named from the length of its crystals.]

Octahedrite; octahedral oxyd of titanium; a mineral that shows a variety of colors by reflected light, from indigo blue to reddish brown. It is usually crystalized in acute, elongated, pyramidical octahedrons.

Ure. Cleaveland.

Anathema

ANATH'EMA, noun [Greek, from, to place behind, backward or at a distance, to separate.]

1. Excommunication with curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical authority, accompanying excommunication. This species of excommunication was practiced in the ancient churches, against notorious offenders; all churches were warned not to receive them; all magistrates and private persons were admonished not to harbor or maintain them, and priests were enjoined not to converse with them, or attend their funeral.

There are two kinds of anathemas, judiciary and adjuratory. The former is pronounced by a council, pope or bishop; the latter is the act of a convert who anathematizes the heresy which he abjures.

2. In heathen mythology, an offering, or present made to some deity and hung up in a temple. Whenever a person quitted his employment, he set apart, or dedicated his tools to his patron-deity. Persons who had escaped danger remarkably, or been otherwise very fortunate, testified their gratitude by some offering to their deity.

Encyc.

Anathematical

ANATHEMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anathema.

Anathematically

ANATHEMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of anathema.

Anathematization

ANATHEMATIZA'TION, noun The act of anathematizing.

Encyc.

Anathematize

ANATH'EMATIZE, verb transitive To excommunicate with a denunciation of curses; to pronounce an anathema against.

Hammond.

Anathematized

ANATH'EMATIZED, participle passive Excommunicated with curses.

Anathematizing

ANATH'EMATIZING, participle of the present tense Pronouncing an anathema.

Anatiferous

ANATIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin anas, a duck, and fero, to produce.] Producing ducks.

Brown.

Anatocism

ANAT'OCISM, noun [Latin anatocismus, from Greek, again, and, usury.]

Interest upon interest; the taking of compound interest; or the contract by which such interest is secured. [Rarely used.]

Johnson. Cicero.

Anatomical

ANATOM'ICAL, adjective Belonging to anatomy or dissection; produced by or according to the principles of anatomy, or natural structure of the body; relating to the parts of the body when dissected or separated.

Anatomically

ANATOM'ICALLY, adverb In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection; according to the doctrine of anatomy.

Anatomist

ANAT'OMIST, noun One who dissects bodies; more generally, one who is skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrine and principles of anatomy.

Anatomize

ANAT'OMIZE, verb transitive To dissect an animal; to divide into the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining each by itself; to lay open the interior structure of the parts of a body or subject; as, to anatomize an animal or plant; to anatomize an argument.

Anatomized

ANAT'OMIZED, participle passive Dissected, as an animal body.

Anatomizing

ANAT'OMIZING, participle of the present tense Dissecting.

Anatomy

ANAT'OMY, noun [Greek, of, through, and, to cut.]

1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of an animal body, to discover their situation, structure and economy.

2. The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by dissection; as, a physician understands anatomy.

3. The act of dividing any thing, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; as, the anatomy of a plant, or of a discourse.

4. The body stripped of its integuments; a skeleton, or the corporeal frame of bones entire, without the skin, flesh and vessels; an improper use of the word, and vulgar.

5. Ironically, a meager person.

Anatreptic

ANATREP'TIC, adjective [Greek, to overturn.]

Overthrowing; defeating; prostrating; a word applied to the dialogues of Plato, which represent a complete defeat in the gymnastic exercises.

Enfield.

Anatron

AN'ATRON, noun [from Greek, niter.]

1. Soda or mineral fixed alkali.

2. Spume or glass gall, a scum which rises upon melted glass, in the furnace, and when taken off, dissolves in the air, and then coagulates into common salt.

3. The salt which collects on the walls of vaults.

Johnson. Coxe.

Anbury

AN'BURY, noun A disease in turneps, or an injury occasioned by a fly.

Ancestor

AN'CESTOR, noun [French ancestres, ancÃƒ-ªtres; Latin antecessor, of ante, before, and cedo, to go.]

One from whom a person descends, either by the father or mother, at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth generation. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or blood; a predecessor, in the order of office.

Ancestral

ANCES'TRAL, adjective Relating or belonging to ancestors; claimed or descending from ancestors; as, an ancestral estate.

Ancestry

AN'CESTRY, noun A series of ancestors, or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent. Hence, birth or honorable descent.

Addison.

Anchilops

AN'CHILOPS, noun [Greek, from, a goat, and, an eye. Qu.]

The goat's eye; an abscess in the inner angle of the eye; an incipient fistula lachrymalis.

Encyc. Coxe.

Anchor

AN'CHOR, noun [Latin anchora; Greek; Italian and Portugese ancora; Spanish ancla; Dutch German Danish anker; Swedish anchare; Irish ankaire, ancoir or ingir; Cornish ankar; Arabic ankar; Pers. anghar; Russian iacor; French ancre; Armoric ancor.]

1. An iron instrument for holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. It is a strong shank, with a ring at one end, to which a cable may be fastened; and with two arms and flukes at the other end, forming a suitable angle with the shank to enter the ground.

In seamen's language, the anchor comes home, when it is dislodged from its bed, so as to drag by the violence of the wind, sea or current.

Foul anchor is when the anchor hooks or is entangled with another anchor, or with a wreck or cable, or when the slack cable is entangled.

The anchor a cock bill, is when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cat head, ready to be let go.

The anchor a peek, is when it is drawn in so tight as to bring the ship directly over it.

The anchor is a trip, or a weigh, when it is just drawn out of the ground, in a perpendicular direction, either by the cable or the buoy-rope.

To back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home.

At anchor is when a ship rides by her anchor. Hence, to lie or ride at anchor.

To cast anchor, or to anchor, is to let go an anchor, to keep a ship at rest.

To weigh anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground.

Anchors are of different sizes. The principal, and that on which most dependence is placed, is the sheet anchor. Then come the best bower, the small bower, the spare anchor, the stream anchor, and the kedge anchor, which is the smallest.

Mar. Dict.

2. In a figurative sense, that which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety.

Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast. Hebrews 6.

3. In architecture, anchors are carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor. It is commonly a part of the ornaments of the boultins of capitals in the Tuscan, Doric and Ionic orders, and on the moldings of cornices.

In heraldry, anchors are emblems of hope.

Encyc.

Anchor

AN'CHOR, verb transitive To place at anchor; to moor; as to anchor a ship.

2. To fix or fasten on; to fix in a stable condition.

Anchor

AN'CHOR, verb intransitive To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship anchored off the isle of Wight.

2. To stop; to fix or rest on.

Anchorable

AN'CHORABLE, adjective Fit for anchorage. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Anchorage

AN'CHORAGE, noun Anchor-ground; a place where a ship can anchor, where the ground is not too rocky, nor the water too deep nor too shallow.

2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or rather the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring.

3. A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor.

Anchored

AN'CHORED, participle passive Lying or riding at anchor; held by an anchor; moored; fixed in safety.

Anchoress

AN'CHORESS, noun A female anchoret.

Fairfax.

Anchoret

AN'CHORET, or AN'CHORITE, noun [Greek, from, to retire, of, and, to go. Written by some authors, anachoret.]

A hermit; a recluse; one who retires from society into a desart or solitary place, to avoid the temptations of the world and devote himself to religious duties. Also a monk, who, with the leave of the abbot, retires to a cave or cell, with an allowance from the monastery, to live in solitude.

Encyc..

Anchor-Ground

AN'CHOR-GROUND, noun Ground suitable for anchoring.

Anchor-Hold

AN'CHOR-HOLD, noun The hold or fastness of an anchor; security.

Anchoring

AN'CHORING, participle of the present tense Mooring; coming to anchor; casting anchor.

Anchor-Smith

AN'CHOR-SMITH, noun The maker or forger of anchors, or one whose occupation is to make anchors.

Anchovy

ANCHO'VY, or AN'CHOVY, noun [Portugese and Spanish anchova; French anchois; Italian acciuga; German anschove.]

A small fish, about three inches in length, of the genus Clupea, found and caught, in vast numbers, in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. It is used as a sauce or seasoning.

Anchovy-Pear

ANCHO'VY-PEAR, noun A fruit of Jamaica, constituting the genus Grias. It is large, contains a stone, and is esculent.

Ancient

AN'CIENT, adjective Usually pronounced most anomalously, ancient. The pronunciation of the first vowel ought to accord with that in antiquity, anger, anchor, &c. [French ancien; Italian anziano, anzi; from Latin ante, antiquus.]

1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; as, ancient authors, ancient days. Old, says Johnson, relates to the duration of the thing itself, as an old coat; and ancient, to time in general, as an ancient dress. But this distinction is not always observed. We say, in old times, as well as ancient times; old customs, &c. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient, as ancient republics, ancient heroes, and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times, is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books. But in these examples ancient seems the most correct, or best authorized. Some persons apply ancient to men advanced in years still living; but this use is not common in modern practice, though found in scripture.

With the ancient is wisdom. Job.

2. Old; that has been of long duration; as, an ancient forest; an ancient city.

3. Known from ancient times; as the ancient continent, opposed to the new continent.

Robertson.

Ancient

AN'CIENT, noun [Supra.] Generally used in the plural, ancients. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns.

In scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, political and ecclesiastical.

The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people. Isaiah 3. Jeremiah 19.

God is called the Ancient of days from his eternal existence. Danish vii.

Hooker uses the word for seniors, "They were his ancients," but the use is not authorized.

2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a ship of war; and for an ensign or the bearer of a flag, as in Shakespeare. Cowel supposes the word, when used for a flag, to be a corruption of end-sheet, a flag at the stern. It is probably the French enseigne.

Johnson. Cowel. Encyc.

Ancient demain, in English Law, is a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, &c. of these were all entered in a book called Domes-day Book.

Cowel. Blackstone.

Anciently

AN'CIENTLY, adverb In old times; in times long since past; as Rome was anciently more populous than at present.

Ancientness

AN'CIENTNESS, noun The state of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.

Ancientry

AN'CIENTRY, noun Dignity of birth; the honor of ancient lineage.

Spenser on Ireland. Shak.

Ancienty

AN'CIENTY, noun Age; antiquity. [Not in use.]

Martin.

Ancienty

AN'CIENTY, noun In some old English statutes and authors, eldership or seniority. 14. Hen. III.

Ancillary

AN'CILLARY, adjective [Latin ancilla, a female servant.]

Pertaining to a maid servant, or female service; subservient as a maid servant.

Blackstone.

Ancipital

ANCIP'ITAL, adjective [Latin anceps.]

Doubtful, or double; double-faced or double-formed; applied to the stem of a plant, it signifies a two edged stem, compressed and forming two opposite angles.

Barton's Elem. of Botany. Lee.

Ancome

AN'COME, noun A small ulcerous swelling coming suddenly.

Boucher.

Ancon

AN'CON, noun [Latin ancon; Greek, the elbow.]

The olecranon, the upper end of the ulna. or elbow.

Coxe.

Ancone

AN'CONE, noun [Latin ancon, Greek.] In architecture, the corner of a wall, crossbeam or rafter.

Encyc.

Ancony

AN'CONY, noun [Probably from, the cubit, from its resemblance to the arm.]

In iron works, a piece of half wrought iron, in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and unwrought at the ends. A piece of cast iron is melted off and hammered at a forge, into a mass of two feet long and square, which is called a bloom; then, carried to a finery, and worked into an ancony; it is then sent to a chafery, where then ends are wrought into the shape of the middle, and the whole is made into a bar.

Encyc.

And

AND, conj. [Saxon and; German und; Dutch ende or en; and.]

And is a conjunction, connective or conjoining word. It signifies that a word or part of a sentence is to be added to what precedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange; that is, give me an apple, add or give in addition to that, an orange. John and Peter and James rode to New-York, that is, John rode to New-York; add or further, Peter rode to New-York; add James rode to New-York.

Andalusite

AN'DALUSITE, noun A massive mineral, of a flesh or rose red color; sometimes found crystalized in imperfect four-sided prisms, nearly or quite rectangular. Its hardness is nearly equal to that of Corundum, and it is infusible by the blow pipe. It has its name from Andalusia, in Spain, where it was first discovered.

Werner. Brongniart.

Andante

ANDAN'TE, [Italian from andare, to go; to wend, to wander.]

In music, a word used to direct to a movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro.

Encyc.

Andarac

AN'DARAC, noun Red orpiment.

Coxe.

Andean

AN'DEAN, adjective Pertaining to the Andes, the great chain of mountains extending through S. America.

Columbiad, 3, 138.

Andira

ANDIRA, noun A species of bat in Brazil, nearly as large as a pigeon.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Andiron

AND'IRON, noun [Teutonic, andena, or andela. In Saxon the corresponding word is brand-isen, brand or fire iron; Dutch brandyzer. The French landier, Armoric lander, Junius thinks, is our and-iron, with the French 1 prefixed.]

An iron utensil used, in Great Britain, where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a spit; but in America, used to support the wood in fire places.

Andorinha

ANDORIN'HA, noun The Brazilian swallow.

Dict of Nat. Hist.

Andranatomy

ANDRANAT'OMY, noun [Greek, a man, and, dissection.]

The dissection of a human body, especially of a male.

Coxe. Quincy.

Andreolite

AN'DREOLITE, noun A mineral, the harmotome, or cross-stone.

Androgynal

ANDROG'YNAL, or ANDROG'YNOUS, adjective [Greek, a man. and, woman.]

Having two sexes; being male and female; hermaphroditical.

In botany, the word is applied to plants which bear both male and female flowers, from the same root, as birch, walnut, oak, chesnut, mulberry, &c. These plants constitute the monecian class in Linee's system, and frequently have an amentum, thong or catkin, for a calyx.

Milne.

Androgynally

ANDROG'YNALLY, adverb With the parts of both sexes.

Androgynus.

ANDROG'YNUS. noun A hermaphrodite.

Johnson.

Android

AN'DROID, noun [Greek, man, and, form.]

A machine, in the human form, which, by certain springs, performs some of the natural motions of a living man. One of these machines, invented by M. Vaucanson, appeared at Paris in 1738, representing a flute player.

Encyc.

Andromeda

ANDROM'EDA, noun A northern constellation, behind Pegasus, Cassiopeia and Perseus, representing the figure of a woman chained. The stars in this constellation, in Ptolemy's catalogue, are 23; in Tycho's, 22; in Bayer's, 27; in Flamsted's, 84.

2. The name of a celebrated tragedy of Euripides, now lost.

Encyc.

Androphagi

ANDROPH'AGI, noun [Greek, man, and, to eat.]

Man-eaters; but the word is little used, being superseded by anthropophagi, which see. Herodotus mentions people of this character.

Melpom, 106.

Anear

ANE'AR, preposition Near.

Atterbury.

Anecdote

AN'ECDOTE, noun [Greek a priv. and, to publish, part., given out.]

In its original sense, secret history, or facts not generally known. But in more common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident; a single passage of private life. Procopius gave the title of anecdotes to a book he published against Justinian and his wife Theodora; and similar collections of incidents in the lives of eminent men are now common.

Encyc.

Anecdotical

ANECDOT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anecdotes.

Bolingbroke.

Anele

ANE'LE, verb transitive [Saxon oell, oil.]

To give extreme unction. [Not used.]

Shak.

Anemography

ANEMOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, wind, and, description.]

A description of the winds.

Johnson.

Anemology

ANEMOL'OGY, noun [Greek, wind, and, discourse.]

The doctrine of winds, or a treatise on the subject.

Anemometer

ANEMOM'ETER, noun [Greek, wind, and, to measure.]

An instrument or machine for measuring the force and velocity of the wind.

Encyc.

Anemone

ANEM'ONE, or ANEM'ONY, noun [Greek, from, wind. It was by the ancient Greeks written. Theoph. Lib. 6. Ca. 7. Plin. 21, 23. Venus is said to have changed her Adonis into an anemone. Ovid. Metam. Lib. 10, 735.]

Wind-flower; a genus of plants of numerous species. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens, of which their double flowers are among the most elegant ornaments.

Sea Anemone. See Animal Flower.

Anemoscope

ANEM'OSCOPE, noun [Greek, wind, and, to view.]

A machine which shows the course or velocity of the wind.

Encyc.

Anent

ANENT', preposition About; concerning; over against: a Scottish word. Qu. Greek.

Aneurism

AN'EURISM, noun [Greek, and, to dilate, from, broad.]

A preternatural dilatation or rupture of the coats of an artery. This is encysted or diffused. The encysted aneurism is when the coats of the artery being only dilated, the blood is confined to its proper coat. Of this kind is the varicose. The diffused aneurism includes all those in which, from an aperture in the artery, the blood is spread about in the cellular membrane, out of its proper course.

Quincy. Coxe.

Aneurismal

ANEURIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to an aneurism.

Anew

ANEW' adverb [a and new.]

Over again; another time; in a new form; as, to arm anew; to create anew.

Anfractuous

ANFRAC'TUOUS, adjective [Latin anfractus, of amb, about, and fractus, broken. See Break.]

Winding; full of windings and turnings; written less correctly, anfractuose.

Ray.

Anfractuousness

ANFRAC'TUOUSNESS, noun A state of being full of windings and turnings.

Angariation

ANGARIA'TION, noun [Latin angario; Greek, to compel; a word of Persian origin.]

Compulsion; exertion. [Not used.]

Angeiotomy

ANGEIOT'OMY, noun See Angiotomy.

Angel

AN'GEL, noun Usually pronounced angel, but most anomalously. [Latin angelus, Greek, a messenger, from, to tell or announce; Irish agalla, agallaim, to speak or tell; from the root of call, or of Arabic

to say, to tell. Saxon angel; Irish aingeal, or aingiol; Dutch German Swedish Danish engel; Spanish angel; Italian angelo; Portugese anjo; French ange; Russian angel.]

1. Literally, a messenger; one employed to communicate news or information from one person to another at a distance. But appropriately,

2. A spirit, or a spiritual intelligent being employed by God to communicate his will to man. Hence angels are ministers of God, and ministring spirits. Hebrew 1.

3. In a bad sense, an evil spirit; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. Matthew 25:1 Corinthians 6. Revelation 9.

4. Christ, the mediator and head of the church. Revelation 10.

5. A minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. Revelation 2 and 3.

6. Any being whom God employs to execute his judgments. Revelation 16.

Cruden.

7. In the style of love, a very beautiful person.

Shak.

Angel

AN'GEL, noun A fish found on the coast of Carolina, of the thoracic order and genus Chaedon. It has a small projecting mouth; the lamens above the gills are armed with cerulean spines; the body, a foot in length, appears as if cut off, and waved, and covered with large green scales.

Pennant from Catesby.

Angel

AN'GEL, noun A gold coin formerly current in England, bearing the figure of an angel. Skinner says, this device was impressed upon it in allusion to an observation of Pope Gregory the Great, who, seeing some beautiful English youths, in the market at Rome, asked who they were; being told they were Angli, English, he replied, they ought rather to be called angeli, angels. This coin had different values under different princes; but is now an imaginary sum or money of account, implying ten shillings sterling.

Encyc.

Angel

AN'GEL, adjective Resembling angels; angelic; as, angel whiteness.

Shak.

Angel-Age

ANGEL-AGE, noun The existence or state of angels.

Beaumont, &c.

Angel-Fish

AN'GEL-FISH, noun A species of shark, the squalus squatina. It is from six to eight feet long, with a large head, teeth broad at the base, but slender and sharp above, disposed in five rows, all round the jaws. The fish takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally, like wings when spread. This fish connects the genus of rays, with that of sharks, partaking of the characters of both; but it differs from both in this, that its mouth is placed at the extremity of the head.

Encyc.

Angelic

ANGEL'IC, or ANGEL'ICAL, adjective [Latin angelicus.] Resembling angels; belonging to angels, or partaking of their nature; suiting the nature and dignity of angels.

Angelica

ANGEL'ICA, noun A genus of digynian pentanders, containing several species. The common sort is cultivated for medicinal uses. It grows naturally in northern climates, and has large umbels of a globose figure. The roots have a fragant aromatic smell, and are used in the aromatic tincture. The stalks make an agreeable sweet-meat.

Encyc.

Angelically

ANGEL'ICALLY, adverb Like an angel.

Angelicalness

ANGEL'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.

Angelites

AN'GELITES, in Church history, so called from Angelicum in Alexandria, where they held their first meetings, a sect of heretics near the close of the 5th century, who held the persons of the trinity not to be the same, nor to exist by their own nature; but each to be a God, existing by participating of a deity common to them all. They are called also Severites, from Severus, their head; and Theodosians, from one Theodosius, whom they made their Pope.

Encyc.

Angel-Like

AN'GEL-LIKE, adjective Resembling or having the manners of angels.

Angelology

ANGELOL'OGY, noun [Angel and.]

A discourse on angels; or the doctrine of angelic beings.

Chaldee Spectator.

Angelot

AN'GELOT, noun [French anche, the reed of a hautboy or other instrument of music.]

1. An instrument of music, somewhat resembling a lute.

Johnson.

2. An ancient English coin stuck at Paris while under the dominion of England; so called from the figure of an angel supporting the escutcheon of the arms of England and France. Also, a small rich sort of cheese made in Normandy.

Encyc.

Angel-Shot

AN'GEL-SHOT, noun [French ange, a chain-shot.]

Chain-shot, being two halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain.

Angel-Winged

AN'GEL-WINGED, adjective Winged like angels.

Thomson.

Angel-Worship

AN'GEL-WORSHIP, noun The worshiping of angels.

Trapp.

Anger

AN'GER, n. ang'ger. [Latin ango, to choke, strangle, vex; whence angor, vexation, anguish, the quinsy, angina. Greek, to strangle, to strain or draw together, to vex. The primary sense is to press, squeeze, make narrow; Greek, near; Saxon enge; German enge; Dutch Danish eng, narrow, strait; Welsh ing. This word may be connected in origin with the Arabic

hanika, to be angry, and chanaka, to strangle; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic, to strangle. In Saxon ange signifies vexed; angmod, sad, anxious; ang-set, a carbuncle; angsum, pressed close; anxsumian, to vex, to make anxious; anguish, anxious; Latin angustus, angina, &c. See Anguish.]

1. A violent passion of the mind excited by a real or supposed injury; usually accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to obtain satisfaction from the offending party. This passion however varies in degrees of violence, and in ingenuous minds, may be attended only with a desire to reprove or chide the offender.

Anger is also excited by an injury offered to a relation, friend or party to which one is attached; and some degrees of it may be excited by cruelty, injustice or oppression offered to those with whom one has no immediate connection, or even to the community of which one is a member. Nor is it unusual to see something of this passion roused by gross absurdities in others, especially in controversy or discussion. Anger may be inflamed till it rises to rage and a temporary delirium.

2. Pain; smart of a sore or swelling; the literal sense of the word, but little used.

Anger

AN'GER, v.t. ang'ger. To excite anger; to provoke; to rouse resentment.

2. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame; as, to anger an ulcer.

Bacon.

Angerly

AN'GERLY, adv. [anger and like.]

In an angry manner; more generally written angrily.

Angina

ANGI'NA, noun [Latin from ango, to choke. See Anger.]

A quinsy; an inflammation of the throat; a tumor impeding respiration. It is a general name of the diseases called sore-throat, as quinsy, scarlet fever, croup, mumps, &c.

Coxe.

Angina pectoris, an anomalous or spasmodic affection of the chest and organs of respiration; or a disease of the heart.

Coxe.

Angiography

ANGIOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a vessel, and, description.]

A description of the vessels in the human body.

Ash.

Angiology

ANGIOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a vessel, and, discourse.]

A treatise or discourse on the vessels of the human body, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, &c.

Quincy.

Angiomonospermous

ANGIOMONOSPERM'OUS, noun [Greek, a vessel, alone, and, seed.]

Producing one seed only in a pod.

Bailey. Johnson.

Angiosperm

AN'GIOSPERM, noun [Greek, a vessel, and, seed.]

In botany, a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.

Angiospermous

ANGIOSPERM'OUS adjective Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp. In Linne's system, the second order of plants in the didynamian class are called angio-spermia. This word is opposed to gymnospermous, or naked-seeded.

Angiotomy

ANGIOT'OMY, noun [Greek, a vessel, and, to cut.]

The opening of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding. It includes both arteriotomy and phlebotomy.

Angle

AN'GLE, noun [French angle; Latin angulus, a corner; Greek; Welsh ongle; German and Dutch angel, a hook, an angle; Danish angel, a hook, angle, a sting; Saxon angel, a hook; Spanish Portugese

angulo; Italian angolo. The German has angeln, for angling with a hook; but in Dutch hengel is the rod, and hengelen, to angle. Qu. hinge and hang.]

In popular language, the point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a point; a corner.

In geometry, the space comprised between two straight lines that meet in a point, or between two straight converging lines which, if extended, would meet; or the quantity by which two straight lines, departing from a point, diverge from each other. The point of meeting is the vertex of the angle, and the lines, containing the angle, are its sides or legs.

In optics, the angle of incidence is the angle which a ray of light makes with a perpendicular to the surface, or to that point of the surface on which it falls.

The angle of refraction is the angle which a ray of light refracted makes with the surface of the refracting medium; or rather with a perpendicular to that point of the surface on which it falls.

Encyc.

A right angle, is one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90 degrees, making the quarter of a circle.

An obtuse angle is greater than a right angle, or more than 90 degrees.

An acute angle is less than a right angle or less than 90 degrees.

A rectilineal or right-lined angle, is formed by two right lines.

A curvilineal angle, is formed by two curved lines.

A mixed angle is formed by a right line with a curved line.

Adjacent or contiguous angles are such as have one leg common to both angles, and both together are equal to two right angles.

External angles are angles of any right-lined figure without it, when the sides are produced or lengthened.

Internal angles are those which are within any right-lined figure.

Oblique angles are either acute or obtuse, in opposition to right angles.

A solid angle is the meeting of three or more plain angles at one point.

A spherical angle is one made by the meeting of two arches of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of the globe or sphere.

Bailey.

Angle

AN'GLE, noun A hook; an instrument to take fish, consisting of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook.

Angle

AN'GLE, v.i. To fish with an angle, or with line and hook.

2. v.t. or i. To fish for; to try to gain by some bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish; as, to angle for the hearts of people, or to angle hearts.

Shak. Sidney.

Angled

AN'GLED, adjective Having anglesÃ‚--used only in compounds.

Angler

AN'GLER, noun One that fishes with an angle; also a fish, a species of lophius.

Angle-Rod

AN'GLE-ROD, noun The rod or pole to which a line and hook are fastened.

Anglic

AN'GLIC, or AN'GLICAN, adjective [From Angles, Saxon ing, a plain or meadow, and lic, like, or, like, which is the root of the Latin icus, in publicus, and all similar adjectives. From ing, was formed Angles, the English, to which is added this common affix, ic. The Angles, were the Ingaevones, of Tacitus, ing-woners, dwellers on the plain or level land, near the Elbe and Weser. [See English and Wont.] Ing is annexed to many English names, as Reading, Basing, Kittering, towns situated on flat land.]

English; pertaining to England or the English nation; as the Anglican church.

Pinkerton.

Anglicism

AN'GLICISM, noun An English Idiom; a form of language peculiar to the English.

Milton.

Anglicize

AN'GLICIZE, v.t. To make English; to render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.

Angling

AN'GLING, participle of the present tense Fishing with an angle.

Angling

AN'GLING, noun A fishing with a rod and line.

Anglo-Danish

ANGLO-DA'NISH, adjective Pertaining to the English Danes, or the Danes who settled in England.

Wotton.

Anglo-Norman

ANGLO-NORM'AN, adjective Pertaining to the English Normans.

Wotton.

Anglo-Saxon

ANGLO-SAX'ON, noun Pertaining to the Saxons, who settled in England, or English Saxons.

Anglo-Saxon

ANGLO-SAX'ON, noun A kind of pear; also the language of the English Saxons.

Angola-Pea

ANGO'LA-PEA or PIGEON-PEA. A species of Cytisus.

Angor

AN'GOR, noun [Latin See Anger.]

1. Pain; intense bodily pain.

2. The retiring of the native bodily heat to the center, occasioning head-ache, palprtation and sadness.

Encyc. Coxe.

Angred

AN'GRED or ANG'ERED, participle passive Made angry; provoked.

Angrily

AN'GRILY, adverb In an angry manner; peevishly; with indications of resentment.

Angry

AN'GRY, adjective [See Anger.]

1. Feeling resentment; provoked; followed generally by with before a person.

God is angry with the wicked every day. Psalm 7.

But it is usually followed by at before a thing.

Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice? Ecclesiastes 5.

2. Showing anger; wearing the marks of anger; caused by anger; as, an angry countenance; angry words.

3. Inflamed, as a sore; red; manifesting inflammation.

4. Raging; furious; tumultuous.

Or chain the angry vengeance of the waves.

Trumbull.

Angsana

ANGSA'NA or ANGSA'VA, noun A red gum of the East Indies, like that of dragon's blood.

Coxe.

Angu

AN'GU, noun Bread made of the Cassada, a plant of the Welsh Indies.

Anguifer

AN'GUIFER, noun [Latin anguis, a serpent, and fero, to bear; Sanscrit agui.]

In astronomy, a cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a serpent; Serpentarius, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

Ash.

Anguilla

ANGUIL'LA, noun [Latin an eel.]

In zoology, an eel; also the name of a Mediterranean fish used for food, called also hospetus and atherina. Qu. Atherina Hepsetus, Linne.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Anguilliform

ANGUIL'LIFORM, adjective [Latin anguilla, an eel, and forma, shape.]

In the form of an eel, or of a serpent; resembling an eel or serpent.

Anguish

AN'GUISH, noun [French angoisse; Italian angoscia; Spanish ansia; Portugese angustia, showing the direct derivation of this word from Latin angustia, narrowness, from pressure; Dutch and German angst; Danish angest. This and a numerous class of words are from the root ang, eng, denoting narrow, from pressure. See Anger.]

Extreme pain, either of body or mind. As bodily pain, it may differ from agony, which is such distress of the whole body as to cause contortion, whereas anguish may be a local pain as of an ulcer, or gout. But anguish and agony are nearly synonymous. As pain of the mind, it signifies any keen distress from sorrow, remorse, despair and the kindred passions.

And they hearkened not to Moses, for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Exodus 6.

Anguish

AN'GUISH, verb transitive To distress with extreme pain or grief.

Temple.

Anguished

AN'GUISHED, participle passive Extremely pained; tortured; deeply distressed.

Angular

AN'GULAR, adjective Having an angle, angles or corners; pointed; as an angular figure.

2. Consisting of an angle; forming an angle; as an angular point.

Angularity

ANGULAR'ITY, noun The quality of having an angle or corner.

Angularly

AN'GULARLY, adverb With angles, or corners; in the direction of the angles.

Angularness

AN'GULARNESS, noun The quality of being angular.

Angulated

AN'GULATED, adjective Formed with angles or corners.

Woodward.

Angulous

AN'GULOUS, adjective Angular; having corners; hooked.

Glanville.

Angust

ANGUST', adjective [Latin angustus.]

Narrow; straight. [Not used.]

Burton.

Angustation

ANGUSTA'TION, noun [Latin angustus, narrow. See Anger.]

The act of making narrow; a straightening, or being made narrow.

Wiseman.

Angusticlave

ANGUST'ICLAVE, noun [Latin angustus, narrow, and clavus, a knob or stud.]

A robe or tunic embroidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple stripes, worn by Roman knights. The laticlave, with broader studs, was worn by senators.

Quinctilian. Kennet.

Anhelation

ANHELA'TION, noun [Latin anhelo, to pant or breathe with difficulty; from halo, to breathe.]

Shortness of breath; a panting; difficult respiration, without fever, or with a sense of suffocation.

Encyc. Coxe.

Anhelose

ANHELO'SE, adjective Out of breath; panting; breathing with difficulty. [Little used.]

Dict.

Anhima

AN'HIMA, noun A Brazilian aquatic fowl, larger than a swan, somewhat like a crane. Its head is small, its bill black, the toes armed with long claws. But what is remarkable, is a horn growing from its forehead; and the second joint of the wing is armed with two straight triangular spurs, an inch in length. The fidelity between the male and female is so great, that when one dies, the other remains by the carcase, till it expires.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Anhydrite

AN'HYDRITE, noun [See Anhydrous.]

A species of sulphate of lime, anhydrous gypsum, of which there are several varieties; compact, granular, fibrous, radiated, sparry, siliciferous or vulpinite, and convoluted.

Jameson. Ure.

Anhydrous

ANHY'DROUS, adjective [Greek, dry; a priv. and, water.]

Destitute of water. Anhydrite is so called, because it is destitute of the water of crystalization.

Cleaveland.

Aniented

ANIENT'ED, adjective [Italian niente, nothing; Norm. neant; French aneantir, to annihilate.]

Frustrated; brought to naught. Obs.

Chaucer.

Anight

ANI'GHT, adverb [a or at, and night.]

In the night time; anights, in the plural, is used of frequent and customary acts.

You must come in earlier anights.

Shak.

Anil

AN'IL, noun [Spanish anil, indigo; Portugese anil; Dutch anyl; Arabic nilon, slender, nila, blue.]

A shrub from whose leaves and stalks indigo is made; Indigofera, or the indigo plant.

Encyc.

Anility

ANIL'ITY, noun [Latin anilis, anilitas, from anus, an old woman; Celtic, hen, old.]

The state of being an old woman; the old age of a woman; dotage.

Animadversion

ANIMADVER'SION, noun [Latin animadversio.] Remarks by way of censure or criticism; reproof; blame. It may sometimes be used for punishment, or punishment may be implied in the word, but this is not common. In an ecclesiastical sense, it differs from censure, says Ayliffe; censure, respecting spiritual punishment, and animadversion, a temporal one. Glanville uses the word in the sense of perception, but this use is not authorized.

Animadversive

ANIMADVER'SIVE, adjective That has the power of perceiving. Obs.

Glanville.

Animadvert

ANIMADVERT', verb intransitive [Latin animadverto, of animus, mind, and adverto, to turn to.]

1. To turn the mind to; to consider.

2. To consider or remark upon by way of criticism or censure.

Dryden.

3. To inflict punishment; followed by upon.

Grew.

Animadverter

ANIMADVERT'ER, noun One who animadverts or makes remarks by way of censure.

Animadverting

ANIMADVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Considering; remarking by way of criticism or censure.

Animal

AN'IMAL, noun [Latin animal, from anima, air, breath, soul; Gaelic anam, breath. The Welsh has envil, en, a being, soul, spirit, and mil, a beast; Armoric aneval. Qu, Danish aande, Swedish anda, breath.]

An organized body, endowed with life and the power of voluntary motion; a living, sensitive, locomotive body; as, man is an intelligent animal. Animals are essentially distinguished from plants by the property of sensation. The contractile property of some plants, as the mimosa, has the appearance of the effect of sensation, but it may be merely the effect of irritability.

The distinction here made between animals and vegetables, may not be philosophically accurate; for we cannot perhaps ascertain the precise limit between the two kinds of beings, but this is sufficiently correct for common practical purposes.

The history of animals is called zoology.

By way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid animal.

Animal

AN'IMAL, adjective That belongs or relates to animals; as animal functions.

Animal is distinguished from intellectual; as animal appetites, the appetites of the body, as hunger and thirst.

The animal functions, are touch, taste, motion, &c.

Animal life is opposed to vegetable life.

Animal is opposed also to spiritual or rational, which respects the soul and reasoning faculties; as animal nature, spiritual nature, rational nature.

Animal food may signify that food which nourishes animals; but it usually denotes food consisting of animal flesh.

Animal economy is the system of laws by which the bodies of animals are governed and depending on their organic structure.

Animal spirit is a name given to the nervous fluid.

Animal spirits in the plural, life, vigor, energy.

Animal system, or animal kingdom denotes the whole class of beings endowed with animal life.

Encyc. Johnson.

Animalcule

ANIMAL'CULE, noun [Latin animalculum, animalcula.]

A little animal; but appropriately, an animal whose figure cannot be discerned without the aid of a magnifying glass; such as are invisible to the naked eye.

Encyc.

Animal-Flower

AN'IMAL-FLOWER, noun In zoology, seaanemone, sea-nettle or urtica marina, the name of several species of animals belonging to the genus actinia. They are called sea-nettle from their supposed property of stinging, and sea-anemone from the resemblance of their claws or tentacles, to the petals of some flowers. These are disposed in regular circles, and tinged with various bright colors. Some of these animals are hemispherical, others cylindrical; others are shaped like a fig. Some are stiff and gelatinous; others, fleshy and muscular; but all can alter their figure by extending their claws in search of food. These animals can move slowly, but are generally fixed by one end to rocks or stones in the sand. On the other extremity, is the mouth in the center, which is surrounded by rows of fleshy claws and capable of great dilatation. They are very voracious, and will swallow a muscle, or crab, as large as a hen's egg.

Encyc.

The term, Animal Flower, is also extended to many other marine animals, from their resemblance to flowers. They belong to the Holothurias, which with the Actinias, were ranged under the Molluscas, by Linne; and to the Tubularias and Hydras, which were classed with the Zoophytes. They are all arranged under the Zoophytes, by Cuvier.

Cyc.

Animalization

ANIMALIZA'TION, noun The act of giving animal life, or endowing with the properties of an animal.

Ure. Med. Repos.

Animalize

AN'IMALIZE, verb transitive To give animal life to; to endow with the properties of animals.

Animalized

AN'IMALIZED, participle passive Endowed with animal life.

Animalizing

AN'IMALIZING, participle of the present tense Giving animal life to.

Animate

AN'IMATE, verb transitive [Latin animo. See Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to quicken; to make alive; as, the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of a thing; as, to animate a lyre.

3. To give spirit or vigor; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening passion; to stimulate or incite; as, to animate dispirited troops.

Animate

AN'IMATE, adjective Alive; possessing animal life.

Milton.

[This word is used chiefly in poetry for animated.]

Animated

AN'IMATED, participle passive Being endowed with animal life, as the various classes of animated beings.

2. adjective Lively; vigorous; full of spirit; indicating animation; as an animated discourse.

Animating

AN'IMATING, participle of the present tense Giving life; infusing spirit; enlivening.

Animation

ANIMA'TION, noun The act of infusing life; the state of being animated.

2. The state of being lively, brisk or full of spirit and vigor; as, he recited the story with great animation.

Animative

AN'IMATIVE, adjective That has the power of giving life or spirit.

Johnson.

Animator

AN'IMATOR, noun One that gives life; that which infuses life or spirit.

Anime

AN'IME, noun [French] In heraldry, a term denoting that the eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture from the animal himself.

Anime

AN'IME, noun [Spanish] A resin exuding from the stem of a large American tree called by the natives courbaril; by Piso, jetaiba. It is of a transparent amber color, a light agreeable smell, and of little or no taste. It dissolves entirely, but not readily, in rectified spirit of wine, and is used by the Brazilians in fumigations, for pains proceeding from cold.

Encyc.

Animetta

ANIMET'TA, noun Among ecclesiastical writers, the cloth which covers the cup of the eucharist.

Encyc.

Animosity

ANIMOS'ITY, noun [Latin animositas; French animositÃƒ-©; from Latin animosus, animated, courageous, enraged; from animus, spirit, mind, passion. So in Teutonie, mod, mind, signifies also pride, passion, anger. Animus, spirit, Greek, wind, breath, is from flowing, swelling, rushing, which gives the sense of violent action and passion. See Animal.]

Violent hatred accompanied with active opposition; active enmity. Animosity differs from enmity which may be secret and inactive; and it expresses a less criminal passion than malice. Animosity seeks to gain a cause or destroy an enemy or rival, from hatred or private interest; malice seeks revenge for the sake of giving pain.

Aninga

ANIN'GA, noun A root growing in the West-Indies, like the China plant, used in refining sugar.

Encyc.

Anise

AN'ISE, noun an'nis. [Latin anisum; Greek; Arabic ianison. Cast. 1619.]

An annual plant, placed by Linne under the genus Pimpinella. It grows naturally in Egypt, and is cultivated in Spain and Malta, whence the seeds are imported. The stalk rises a foot and a half high, dividing into slender branches, garnished with narrow leaves, cut into three or four narrow segments. The branches terminate in large loose umbels, composed of smaller umbels or rays, on long footstalks. The flowers are small and of a yellowish white; the seeds oblong and swelling. Anise seeds have an aromatic smell, and a pleasant warm taste; they are useful in warming the stomach and expelling wind.

Encyc. Theoph. Lib. 7.3. Plin. 20. 17.

Anise Seed

AN'ISE SEED, noun The seed of anise.

Anker

ANK'ER, noun [Dutch.]

A measure of liquids used in Holland, containing about 32 gallons, English measure.

Encyc.

Chambers says it contains two stekans; each stekan, 16 mengles; each mengle, 2 wine quarts.

Chambers. Encyc.

Ankle

ANK'LE, noun ank'l. [Saxon ancleow; Dutch enkel.]

The joint which connects the foot with the leg.

Ankle-Bone

ANK'LE-BONE, noun The bone of the ankle.

Annalist

AN'NALIST, noun [See Annals.]

A writer of annals.

Annalize

AN'NALIZE, verb transitive To record; to write annals. [Not much used.]

Encyc.

Annals

AN'NALS, noun plu. [Latin annales, annalis, from annus, a year, the root of which may be the Celtic an, ain, a great circle. Varro says the word annus signifies a great circle.]

1. A species of history digested in order of time, or a relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. Annals differ from history, in merely relating events, without observations on the motives, causes and consequences, which, in history, are more diffusively illustrated.

2. The books containing annals, as the annals of Tacitus.

Annats

AN'NATS, noun [Latin annus.]

A year's income of a spiritual living; the first fruits, originally given to the Pope, upon the decease of a bishop, abbot or parish clerk, and paid by his successor. In England, they were, at the reformation, vested in the king, and in the reign of Queen Anne, restored to the church, and appropriated to the augmentation of poor livings.

Encyc.

Anneal

ANNE'AL, verb transitive [Saxon anoelan, on-oelan, to kindle or inflame, to heat; from oelan to kindle, to heat or bake, and to anoint with oil. Saxon oel, oil. Hence it may be inferred that oil is named from inflaming or burning.]

1. To heat; to heat, as glass and iron for the purpose of rendering them less brittle, or to fix colors; vulgarly called nealing. This is done by heating the metal nearly to fluidity, in an oven or furnace, and suffering it to cool gradually. Metals made hard and brittle by hammering, by this process recover their malleability. The word is applied also to the baking of tiles.

Encyc. Bailey. Ash.

2. To temper by heat; and Shenstone uses it for tempering by cold.

Annealed

ANNE'ALED, participle passive Heated; tempered; made malleable and less brittle by heat.

Annealing

ANNE'ALING, participle of the present tense Heating; tempering by heat.

Annex

ANNEX', verb transitive [Latin annecto, annexum; French annexer; of ad and necto, to tie, or connect.]

1. To unite at the end; as to annex a codicil to a will. To subjoin, to affix.

2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a greater; as to annex a province to a kingdom.

3. To unite to something preceding, as the main object; to connect with; as to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

Annex

ANNEX', verb intransitive To join; to be united.

Tooke.

Annexation

ANNEXA'TION, noun The act of annexing, or uniting at the end; conjunction; addition; the act of connecting; union. In English law, the uniting of lands or rents to the crown.

Annexed

ANNEX'ED, participle passive Joined at the end; connected with; affixed.

Annexing

ANNEX'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting at the end; affixing.

Annexion

ANNEX'ION, noun The act of annexing; annexation; addition. [Little used.]

Annexment

ANNEX'MENT, noun The act of annexing; the thing annexed.

Shak.

Annihilable

ANNI'HILABLE, adjective That may be annihilated.

Annihilate

ANNI'HILATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and nihilum, nothing, of ne, not, and hilum, a trifle.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to destroy the existence of.

No human power can annihilate matter.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting and carrying away the trees, though the timber may still exist; to annihilate a house by demolishing the structure.

Annihilated

ANNI'HILATED, participle passive Reduced to nothing; destroyed.

Annihilating

ANNI'HILATING, participle of the present tense Reducing to nothing; destroying the specific form of.

Annihilation

ANNIHILA'TION, noun The act of reducing to nothing or non-existence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it, as the annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being reduced to nothing.

Anniversarily

ANNIVERS'ARILY, adverb Annually.

Hall.

Anniversary

ANNIVERS'ARY, adjective [Latin anniversarius, of annus, year, and verto, to turn.]

Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as an anniversary feast.

Anniversary

ANNIVERS'ARY, noun A stated day returning with the revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on which some remarkable event is annually celebrated, or a day on which an interesting event is commemorated by solemnities of religion, or exhibitions of respect. In the Romish church, a day in which an office is yearly performed for the souls of the deceased.

2. The act of celebration; performance in honor of an event.

Dryden.

Anno Domini

ANNO DOMINI. [Latin] In the year of our Lord, noting the time from our Savior's incarnation; as, Anno Domini, or A.D. 1800.

This was written Anno Domini, 1809, and revised A.D. 1825 and 1827.

W.

Annomination

ANNOMINA'TION, noun [Latin ad and nominatio, from nomino, to name, from nomen.]

1. A pun; the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of different meanings; a paronomasy.

Encyc.

2. Alliteration, or the use of two or more words successively beginning with the same letter.

Tyrwhitt.

Annona

ANNO'NA, noun [Latin annona, from annus, a year, and signifying a year's production or increase; hence provisions.]

The custard apple, a genus of several species, one of which, the papaw, is common in the southern and western parts of the United States. [See Papaw.]

Annotate

AN'NOTATE, verb intransitive [Latin annoto.]

To comment; to make remarks on a writing.

Tatler.

Annotation

ANNOTA'TION, noun [Latin annotatio, of ad and notatio, a marking, from noto, to mark, or nota, a mark.]

1. A remark, note or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to illustrate its meaning; generally used in the plural, as annotations on the scriptures.

2. The first symptoms of a fever, or attack of a paroxysm.

Coxe.

Annotator

AN'NOTATOR, noun A writer of notes; a commentator; a scholiast; one who writes notes to illustrate the composition of an author.

Annotta

ANNOT'TA, noun Orlean, or roucou; a hard, dry paste, consisting of the pellicles of the seeds of the bixa orellana, a shrub growing in S. America and the Welsh Indies. It is moderately hard, of a brown color on the outside, and a dull red within. It is used in dyeing to give an orange cast to a simple yellow. It is used also in coloring cheese. [See Anotta.]

Ure.

Announce

ANNOUNCE, v. t. announs'. [French annoncer; Italian annunziare; Latin annuncio, to deliver a message, of ad and nuncio, to tell, from nuncius, a messenger.]

1. To publish; to proclaim; to give notice, or first notice; as, the birth of Christ was announced by an angel.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.

Prior.

Announced

ANNOUN'CED, participle passive Proclaimed; first published.

Announcement

ANNOUNCEMENT, n. announs'ment. The act of giving notice; proclamation; publication.

Month. Mag.

Announcer

ANNOUN'CER, noun One that announces, or first gives notice; a proclaimer.

Announcing

ANNOUN'CING, participle of the present tense Introducing notice; first publishing; proclaiming.

Annoy

ANNOY', verb transitive [Norm. annoyer, from neure, nuire, to hurt; French nuire; Italian nuocere; from Latin noceo, to hurt, that is, to strike; Syriac

, Arabic; to strike, to hurt; Hebrew and Chaldee to strike. Hence probably Latin neco, to kill. See Nuisance and Noxious.]

To incommode; to injure or disturb by continued or repeated acts; to tease, vex or molest; as, to annoy an army by impeding their march, or by a continued cannonade.

Annoy

ANNOY', noun Injury or molestation from continued acts or inconvenience.

Shak. Beattie.

Annoyance

ANNOY'ANCE, noun That which annoys, or injures; the act of annoying; the state of being annoyed. It includes something more than inconvenience.

Annoyed

ANNOY'ED, participle passive Incommoded, injured or molested by something that is continued or repeated.

Annoyer

ANNOY'ER, noun One that annoys.

Annoyful

ANNOY'FUL, adjective Giving trouble; incommoding; molesting. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Annoying

ANNOY'ING, participle of the present tense Incommoding; hurting; molesting.

Annoyous

ANNOY'OUS, adjective Troublesome. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Annual

AN'NUAL, adjective [French annuel; Spanish anual; Italian annuale; Latin annalis, from annus, a year; Greek,; Sanscrit anda.]

1. Yearly; that returns every year; coming yearly; as an annual feast.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or season; that requires to be renewed every year; as an annual plant. Leaves that grow in the spring, and perish in the autumn, are called annual, in opposition to evergreens.

3. Performed in a year; as the annual motion of the earth.

Annual

AN'NUAL, noun A plant that lives but one year, or rather but one summer.

Martyn.

Annually

AN'NUALLY, adverb Yearly; returning every year; year by year.

Annuitant

ANNU'ITANT, noun [See Annuity.]

One who receives or is entitled to receive an annuity.

Annuity

ANNU'ITY, noun [French annuitÃƒ-©, from annus, a year. See Annual.]

A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life or for ever; an annual income, charged on the person of the grantor; or an annual allowance. Governments often borrow money upon annuities, that is, for a certain sum advanced on loan, the government contracts to pay the lender a specific sum, for life, or for a term of years. The stock created by such loans is transferable.

Annul

ANNUL', verb transitive [French annuller, of Latin ad nullum, to nothing.]

1. To make void; to nullify; to abrogate; to abolish; used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by competent authority.

2. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. [Not in much use.]

Milton.

Annular

AN'NULAR, adjective [Latin annulus, a ring, from Celtic ain, a circle, and ul, young, small; annulus, a little circle.]

Having the form of a ring; pertaining to a ring.

Annular crystal is when a hexahedral prism has six, or an octahedral prism eight marginal faces, disposed in a ring about each base; or when these prisms are truncated on all their terminal edges.

Cleaveland.

Annulary

AN'NULARY, adjective Having the form of a ring.

Ray.

Annulated

AN'NULATED, adjective Furnished with rings, or circles, like rings; having belts.

Annulet

AN'NULET, noun [Latin annulus, a ring.]

In architecture, a small square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter round; also a narrow flat molding, which is common to many places, as in the bases or capitals; called also a fillet, or listil, or cincture, or a list, timea, eye brow or square rabbit.

Encyc.

In heraldry, a little circle, borne as a charge in coats of arms; formerly reputed a mark of nobility and jurisdiction; it being the custom of prelates to receive their investiture per baculum et annulum, by staff and ring. It denotes also strength and eternity, by its circular form. Among the Romans, it represented liberty and distinction of rank. It denotes also difference, or mark of distinction, which the fifth brother of a family ought to bear on his coat of arms.

Encyc. Johnson.

Annulled

ANNUL'LED, participle passive Made void; abrogated.

Annulling

ANNUL'LING, participle of the present tense Abrogating; abolishing.

Annulment

ANNUL'MENT, noun The act of annulling.

Annumerate

ANNU'MERATE, verb transitive [Latin annumero, of ad and numero, to number, from numerus, number; Welsh niver; Irish nuiver or nuimher. See Number.]

To add to a former number; to unite to something before mentioned.

Johnson.

Annumeration

ANNUMERA'TION, noun Addition to a former number.

Annunciate

ANNUN'CIATE, verb transitive [See Announce.]

To bring tidings; to announce.

Chaucer.

Annunciation

ANNUNCIA'TION, noun An announcing; the tidings brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of Christ. Also the day celebrated by the church, in memory of the angel's salutation of the blessed virgin, which is the 25th of March. The Jews give the title to a part of the ceremony of the passover.

Encyc.

2. Proclamation; promulgation.

Annunciator

ANNUNCIA'TOR, noun One who announces; an officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business was to inform the people of the festivals, which were to be celebrated.

Encyc.

Anodyne

AN'ODYNE, noun [Greek a or av priv and, pain.]

Any medicine which allays pain, or causes sleep, as an opiate, paregoric, narcotic, &c.

Coxe.

Anodyne

AN'ODYNE, adjective Assuaging pain; causing sleep, or insensibility.

Anoint

ANOINT', verb transitive [French oindre, p. oint; Spanish untar, to anoint; Latin ungo; Spanish ungir; Italian ungere, or ugnere.]

1. To pour oil upon; to smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances; also to spread over, as oil. We say, the man anoints another, or the oil anoints him.

2. To consecrate by unction, or the use of oil.

Thou shalt anoint the altar, and sanctify it.

Exodus 29.

3. To smear or daub.

He anointed the eyes of the blind man with clay. John 9.

4. To prepare, in allusion to the consecrating use of oil.

Anoint the shield. Isaiah 21.

To anoint the head with oil, Psalm 23. seems to signify to communicate the consolations of the Holy Spirit.

The use of oil in consecrations, was of high antiquity. Kings, prophets and priests were set apart or consecrated to their offices by the use of oil. Hence the peculiar application of the term anointed to Jesus Christ.

Anointed

ANOINT'ED, participle passive Smeared or rubbed with oil; set apart; consecrated with oil.

Anointed

ANOINT'ED, noun The Messiah, or Son of God, consecrated to the great office of Redeemer; called the Lord's anointed. Cyrus is also called the Lord's anointed. Isaiah 45.

Anointer

ANOINT'ER, noun One who anoints.

Anointing

ANOINT'ING, participle of the present tense Smearing with oil; pouring on oil, or other oleaginous substance; consecrating.

Anointing

ANOINT'ING, noun The act of smearing with oil; a consecrating.

Anointment

ANOINT'MENT, noun The act of anointing, or state of being anointed.

Anole

ANO'LE, noun A species of lizard in the Welsh Indies, of a yellowish color, having several blue and green stripes running down its back.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Anomaliped

ANOM'ALIPED, adjective [Greek, inequality, and, Latin pes, foot.]

An epithet given to fowls, whose middle toe is united to the exterior by three phalanges, and to the interior by one only.

Anomaliped

ANOM'ALIPED, noun An anomalous footed fowl. [See the adjective.]

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Anomalism

ANOM'ALISM, noun An anomaly; a deviation from rule.

Anomalistic

ANOMALIS'TIC, or ANOMALIS'TICAL, adjective Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

In astronomy, the anomalistic year is the time in which the earth passes through her orbit, which is longer than the tropical year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes.

Anomalous

ANOM'ALOUS, adjective Irregular; deviating from a general rule, method or analogy; applied, in grammar, to words which deviate from the common rules of inflection; and in astronomy, to the seemingly irregular motions of the planets; but applied also generally to whatever is irregular; as, an anomalous character; anomalous pronunciation.

Anomalously

ANOM'ALOUSLY, adverb Irregularly; in a manner different from common rule, method or analogy.

Anomaly

ANOM'ALY, noun [French anomalie; Spanish anomalia; Greek, inequality, of a priv. and, equal, similar; Celtic, Welsh hamal, or haval; Irish amhail, similar.]

1. Irregularity; deviation from the common rule; thus oxen, the plural of ox, is an anomaly, in grammar, as the regular plural would be oxes.

2. In astronomy, an irregularity in the motion of a planet, whereby it deviates from the aphelion or apogee.

Encyc.

3. In music, a false scale or interval.

Busby.

Anomeans

ANO'MEANS, noun [Greek, dissimilar.]

In church history, the pure Arians, as distinguished from the Semi-Arians.

Encyc.

Anomia

ANO'MIA, noun [Greek; a priv. and, rule.]

A genus of bivalve shells, so called from their unequal valves; the beaked cockle.

Anomite

AN'OMITE, noun A fossil shell of the genus anomia.

Jameson.

Anomorhomboid

ANOMORHOM'BOID, noun [Greek, irregular, and, of a rhomboidal figure.]

A genus of spars, pellucid, and crystaline, of no determinate form externally, but breaking into regular rhomboidal masses. The species are five, mostly of a white color.

Encyc.

Anomy

AN'OMY, noun [Greek.] A violation of law. [Barely used.]

Bramhall.

Anon

ANON', adverb [Saxon on an, in one; not, as Junius supposes, in one minute, but in continuation, without intermission; applied originally to extension in measure, and then to time by analogy. ``And saedon that hi saegon on north-east fir micel and brad with thone earthe, and weax on lengthe up on an to tham wolcne.' Saxon Chron. A. Dutch 1022. And they said they saw in the north-east a great fire and broad, near the earth, and it increased in length in continuation to the clouds. See also An. Dom. 1127.]

1. Quickly; without intermission; soon; immediately.

The same is he that heareth the word; and anon with joy receiveth it. Matthew 13.

2. Sometimes; now and then; at other times; accompanied with ever, ever and anon.

Anonymous

ANON'YMOUS, adjective [French anonyme; Latin anonymus; Greek, of a priv. and, name. See Name.]

Nameless; wanting a name; without the real name of the author; as, an anonymous pamphlet.

Anonymously

ANON'YMOUSLY, adverb Without a name.

Anoplother

AN'OPLOTHER, or ANOPLOTHE'RIUM, noun [Greek av neg., arms, and, a beast.]

This is the name which Cuvier has given to a genus of animals, whose bones are found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; a genus now extinct.

Anopsy

ANOP'SY, noun [Greek av neg. and, sight.]

Want of sight; invision. [Little used.]

Brown.

Anorexy

AN'OREXY, noun [Greek a priv. and, appetite.

Want of appetite, without a lothing of food.

Coxe.

Another

ANOTH'ER, adjective [an, or one and other.]

1. Not the same; different; as, we have one form of government; France, another.

2. One more, in addition to a former number, indefinitely; as, grant one request, they will ask another favor, another and another.

3. Any other; any different person, indefinitely; as, ``Let another praise thee and not thy own mouth.' This word is often used without a noun, becoming a substitute for the name of the person or thing; as in the last example. It is also much used in opposition to one, as in the first and second passages cited. It is also frequently used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, ``love one another;' ``bear one another's burdens;' that is, love one, or let one love another.

Another-Gaines

ANOTH'ER-GAINES, adverb Of another kind. Obs.

Sidney.

Another-Gates

ANOTH'ER-GATES, adverb Of another sort. Obs.

Sanderson.

Another-Guise

ANOTH'ER-GUISE, adjective [another and guise, French way, manner; Saxon wise. The Saxon manner of writing this word would be another-wise.]

Of a different kind; different. This is a vulgar word, and usually contracted into other guess.

Anotta

ANOT'TA, noun An elegant red color, formed from the pellicles or pulp of the seeds of the bixa, a tree common in South America. This is called also Terra Orleana and Roco. The annotta is made by steeping the seeds for seven or eight days, pounding them to separate the red skins, then straining the liquor, boiling it, taking off the scum which is the coloring matter, then boiling it to a due consistence, and making it into balls.

Encyc.

Ansated

AN'SATED, adjective [Latin ansatus, from ansa, a handle.]

Having a handle or handles, or something in the form of handles.

Johnson.

Anser

AN'SER, noun [Latin a goose.]

1. In zoology, the name of the goose, whether tame or wild. The domestic goose is the gray-lag or wild goose, domesticated.

2. In astronomy, a small star, in the milky way, between the swan and eagle.

Encyc.

Anserine

AN'SERINE, adjective [Latin anserinus, from anser, a goose.]

1. Resembling the skin of a goose; uneven; as, an anserine skin.

Encyc.

2. Pertaining to the ansers.

Ansers

AN'SERS, noun In Linne's system, the third order of aves or fowls, whose characteristics are a smooth bill, broadest at the point, covered with a smooth skin, and furnished with teeth. The tongue is fleshy, and the toes are webbed or palmated. It includes all the web-footed water fowls, with legs and feet adapted to swimming.

Anslaight

AN'SLAIGHT, noun [See Slay.] An attack; an affray. [Not in use.]

Answer

`ANSWER, verb transitive Ãƒ- nsur. [Saxon andswarian, of anti, against, and Saxon swaran, or swerian or swerigan, Gothic swaran, to swear. The primitive sense of swear was merely to speak or affirm, and hence, originally, oath was used after it, to swear an oath; which is not a pleonasm, as Lye supposes, but the primitive form of expression retained. The sense of answer is an opposite, a returned word or speech. Hence we observe the Saxon has andwyrd, antiword, an answer; Gothic andawaurd; Dutch antwoord; German antwort.]

1. To speak in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration or argument of another person; as, ``I have called and ye have not answered.' ``He answered the question or the argument.' This may be in agreement and confirmation of what was said, or in opposition to it.

2. To be equivalent to; to be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object. ``Money answereth all things,' noting, primarily, return.

3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy; as, he answered my order; to answer a debt.

4. To act in return, or opposition; as, the enemy answered our fire by a shower of grape shot.

5. To bear a due proportion to; to be equal or adequate; to suit; as, a weapon does not answer the size and strength of the man using it; the success does not answer our expectation.

6. To perform what was intended; to accomplish; as, the measure does not answer its end; it does not answer the purpose.

7. To be opposite to; to face; as, fire answers fire.

Shak.

8. To write in reply; to reply to another writing, by way of explanation, refutation or justification; as, to answer a pamphlet.

9. To solve, as a proposition or problem in mathematics.

This word may be applied to a great variety of objects, expressing the idea of a return; as the notes, or sounds of birds, and other animals; an echo, &c.

Answer

`ANSWER, verb intransitive To reply; to speak by way of return; as, there is none to answer. 1 Kings 18.

2. To be accountable, liable or responsible; followed by to before the person, and for before the thing for which one is liable; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money entrusted to his care; we can not answer to God for our offenses.

3. To vindicate, or give a justificatory account of; followed by for; as, a man cannot answer for his friend.

4. To correspond with; to suit with; followed by to.

In water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Prov. 27.

5. To act reciprocally, as the strings of an instrument to the hand.

Dryden.

6. To stand as opposite or correlative; as, allegiance in the subject answers to protection on the part of the prince or government.

7. To return, as sound reverberated; to echo.

The noise seems to fly away, and answer at a great distance.

Encyc. Art. Echo.

8. To succeed; to effect the object intended; to have a good effect; as, gypsum answers as a manure on a dry soil.

Answer

ANSWER, noun A reply; that which is said, in return to a call, a question, an argument, or an allegation.

A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov.

I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v.

2. An account to be rendered to justice.

He will call you to so hot an answer for it.

Shak.

3. In law, a counter-statement of facts, in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alledged.

4. A writing, pamphlet or book, in reply to another.

5. A reverberated sound; an echo.

6. A return; that which is sent in consequence of some petition, as a blessing is sent in answer to prayer.

7. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation.

Answerable

ANSWERABLE, adjective That may be answered; that to which a reply may be made, usually implying that the answer may be satisfactory; as, an answerable argument.

2. Obliged to give an account, or liable to be called to account; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal.

3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or make good; as, to be answerable for a debt or for damages.

4. Correspondent; agreeing with; in conformity with; as, the features expressed in a picture are answerable to the original.

5. Suitable; suited; proportionate; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.

6. Equal; correspondent; proportionate; as, the success is answerable to my desires.

Answerableness

ANSWERABLENESS, noun The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.

Answerably

ANSWERABLY, adverb In due proportion, correspondence or conformity; suitably; as, continents have rivers answerably larger than isles.

Answered

ANSWERED, participle passive Replied to; fulfilled; paid; complied with; accomplished; solved; confuted.

Answerer

ANSWERER, noun One who answers; he or that which makes a return to what another has spoken; he who writes an answer.

Answering

ANSWERING, participle of the present tense Replying; corresponding to; fulfilling; solving; succeeding; reverberating; confuting.

Answer-Jobber

ANSWER-JOBBER, noun One who makes a business of writing answers.

Swift.

Ant

AN'T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is, if it. [See An.]

Ant

ANT, in our vulgar dialect, as in the phrases, I ant, you ant, he ant, we ant, &c., is undoubtedly a contraction of the Danish er, ere, the substantive verb, in the present tense of the Indicative Mode, and not, I er-not, we ere-not, he er-not, or of the Swedish ar, the same verb, Infinitive vara, to be. These phrases are doubtless legitimate remains of the GÃƒ-³thic dialect.

Ant

`ANT, noun [Saxon oemet, emmet, contracted into ant; Germ. ameise.]

An emmet; a pismire. Ants constitute a genus of insects of the hymenopteral order, of which the characteristics are; a small scale between the breast and belly, with a joint so deep that the animal appears as if almost cut in two. The females, and the neuter or working ants, which have no sexual characteristics, are furnished with a hidden sting; and both males and females have wings, but the neuters have none. These insects meet together in companies, and maintain a sort of republic. They raise hillocks of earth, in which they live. In these there are paths, leading to the repositories of their provisions. The large black ants, in the warm climates of America, to avoid the effects of great rains, build large nests on trees, of light earth, roundish and plastered smooth.

Encyc.

Ant-Bear

`ANT-BEAR or `ANT-EATER, noun A quadruped that feeds upon ants. This animal has no teeth, but a snout or muzzle, with a long cylindrical tongue. The body is covered with long hair. There are several species, constituting the genus, myrmecophaga, ant eaters.

Encyc.

Ant-Eggs

`ANT-EGGS, noun Little white balls found in the hillocks of ants, usually supposed to be their eggs, but found on examination to be the young brood, in their first state. They are vermicules, wrapped in a film, composed of a silky substance spun like a spider's webb.

Encyc.

Ant-Hill

`ANT-HILL, noun A little tumulus or hillock, formed by ants, for their habitation.

Anta

AN'TA, noun In ancient architecture, a square column, at the corner of a building; a pilaster; written also ante.

Antacid

ANTAC'ID, noun [anti and acid.]

In pharmacy, an alkali, or a remedy for sourness or acidity; better written anti-acid.

Antacrid

ANTAC'RID, noun [anti and acrid.]

That which corrects acrimony; better written anti-acrid.

Antagonism

ANTAG'ONISM, noun Opposition of action; counteraction of things or principles.

Good, B. of Nature.

Antagonist

ANTAG'ONIST, noun [Greek, against, and, a champion. See Act and Agony.]

1. One who contends with another in combat; used primarily in the Grecian games. An adversary.

2. An opponent in controversy.

Campbell.

3. In anatomy, a muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.

Antagonist

ANTAG'ONIST, adjective Counteracting; opposing; combating; as, an antagonist muscle.

Antagonistic

ANTAGONIS'TIC, adjective Opposing in combat; contending against.

Antagonize

ANTAG'ONIZE, v.i. To contend against; to act in opposition; to oppose in argument.

Antagony

ANTAG'ONY, noun Contest; opposition. [Not used.]

Milton.

Antalgic

ANTAL'GIC, adjective [Greek, against, and, pain.]

Alleviating pain; anodyne. [Little used.]

Antanaclasis

ANTANACLA'SIS, noun [Greek, a driving back.]

1. In rhetoric, a figure, which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; as, whilst we live, let us live. Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft.

2. It is also a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; as, shall that heart, (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them,) shall that heart, &c.

Smith's Rhel.

Antanagoge

ANTANAGO'GE, n. antanago'gy. [Greek, against, and, a taking up.]

In rhetoric, a figure which consists in replying to an adversary, by way of recrimination; as, when the accusation of one party is unanswerable, the accused person charges him with the same or other crime.

Bailey.

Antaphrodisiac

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, adjective [Greek, against, and, venereal, from, Venus.]

Antivenereal; having the quality of extinguishing or lessening venereal desire.

Antaphrodisiac

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, noun A medicine that lessens or extinguishes the venereal appetite.

Encyc. Coxe.

Antaphroditic

ANTAPHRODIT'IC, adjective [Greek See the preceding words.] Antivenereal, abating the venereal appetite, or efficacious against the venereal disease.

Antaphroditic

ANTAPHRODIT'IC, noun A medicine which abates the venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease.

Coxe. Quincy.

Antapoplectic

ANTAPOPLEC'TIC, adjective Good against apoplexy.

Antarctic

ANTARC'TIC, adjective [Greek, against, and, the bear, a northern constellation.]

Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a lesser circle, distant from the pole 23Ã‚-° 28'. Thus we say the antarctic pole, antarctic circle, or antarctic region.

Encyc.

Antares

ANTA'RES, noun The name of a star of the first magnitude, called also the scorpion's heart. Its longitude is 60Ã‚-° 13' 14' of Sagittarius; and its latitude 4Ã‚-° 31' 26' South.

Encyc.

Antarthritic

ANTARTHRIT'IC, adjective [Greek, against, and, gout.]

Counteracting the gout.

Antarthritic

ANTARTHRIT'IC, noun A remedy which cures or alleviates the gout.

Antasthmatic

ANTASTHMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, against, and, asthma.]

Opposing the asthma.

Antasthmatic

ANTASTHMAT'IC, noun A remedy for the asthma.

Ante

AN'TE. A Latin preposition, the Greek, Saxon and Goth, and; much used in the composition of English words, especially in words from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before in place, in front; hence opposite, contrary; and figuratively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, and the Greek, in that of opposite, or in the place of.

Ante

AN'TE or AN'TA, noun A pilaster. In heraldry, ante denotes that the pieces are let into one another, in the manner there expressed, as by dove tails, rounds, swallow tails, &c.

Encyc.

Anteact

AN'TEACT, noun [ante and act.] A preceding act.

Antecedaneous

ANTECEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Infra.] Antecedent; preceding in time.

Owen.

Antecede

ANTECE'DE, verb transitive [ante and cedo, to go, See Cede.]

To go before in time; to precede.

Hale.

Antecedence

ANTECE'DENCE, noun The act or state of going before in time; precedence. In astronomy, an apparent motion of a planet towards the west, or contrary to the order of the signs.

Encyc.

Antecedent

ANTECE'DENT, adjective Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event antecedent to the deluge.

Antecedent

ANTECE'DENT, noun That which goes before in time; hence in writings, that which precedes in place. In grammar, the noun to which a relative or other substitute refers; as, Solomon was the prince, who built the Temple. In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthymeme, or argument of two propositions; as, if the sun is fixed, the earth must move. Here the first and conditional proposition is the antecedent; the second, the consequent.

Watts.

In mathematics, the first of two terms of a ratio, or that which is compared with the other.

Encyc.

Antecedently

ANTECE'DENTLY, adverb Previously; at a time preceding.

Antecessor

ANTECES'SOR, noun [Latin whence ancestor. See Antecede.]

1. One who goes before; a leader; a principal. It was formerly a title given to those who excelled in any science; to professors of civil law; and in the Universities of France, the teachers of law take the title in their theses.

2. One that possessed land before the present possessor.

Brady.

Antechamber

AN'TECHAMBER, noun [Ante, before, and chamber.]

A chamber or apartment before the chief apartments to which it leads, and in which persons wait for audience.

Dryden.

Antechapel

ANTECHAP'EL, noun The part of the chapel through which in the passage to the choir or body of it.

Warton.

Antecian

ANTE'CIAN, noun [Greek, opposite, and, to dwell; Latin antoeci.]

In geography, the antecians are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same meridian, and at the same distance from the equator, but, on opposite sides, one party north, the other south. They have the same hours of day and night, but different seasons; it being winter with one, when it is summer with the other.

Encyc.

Antecursor

ANTECURS'OR, noun [Latin ante, before, and cursor, a runner, from curro, to run. See Course.]

One who runs before; a forerunner. In the Roman armies, the antecursors were a body of horse detached to obtain intelligence, get provisions, &c., for the main body.

Encyc.

Antedate

AN'TEDATE, noun [Infra.] Prior date; a date antecedent to another.

Good.

Antedate

AN'TEDATE, verb transitive [Latin ante, and datum, given. See Date.]

1. To date before the true time; thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to express a date anterior to the true time of its execution.

2. To anticipate; to take before the true time.

And antedate the bliss above.

Pope.

Antediluvial

ANTEDILU'VIAL, or ANTEDILU'VIAN, adjective [Latin ante, and diluvium, a flood. See Lave.]

Before the flood, or deluge, in Noah's time; existing, happening, or relating to what happened before the deluge.

Antediluvian

ANTEDILU'VIAN, noun One who lived before the deluge.

Antelope

AN'TELOPE, noun [Qu. Greek and, resembling a deer.]

In zoology, the gazelle; a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and goat. Their horns are solid and permanent, straight or curved; in some species annulated; in others, surrounded by a spiral; and in others, smooth. They resemble the deer in the lightness and elegance of their forms, and in their agility. They inhabit open plains or mountains, and some species in herds of two or three thousand. Their eyes are large, black, and of exquisite beauty and vivacity; and are therefore a favorite image with the eastern poets.

Encyc. Cyc.

Antelucan

ANTELU'CAN, adjective [Latin antelucanus, of ante, before, and lux, light.]

Being before light; a word applied to assemblies of christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning.

Encyc.

Antemeridian

ANTEMERID'IAN, adjective [ante, before, and meridian.]

Being before noon; pertaining to the forenoon.

Antemetic

ANTEMET'IC, adjective [, against, and emetic, from, to vomit.]

Restraining or allaying vomiting.

Quincy.

Antemetic

ANTEMET'IC, noun A medicine which checks vomiting.

Quincy. Coxe.

Antemundane

ANTEMUND'ANE, adjective [ante, before, and mundus, the world.] Being before the creation of the world.

Antenicene

ANTENI'CENE, adjective [ante, before, Nicene, from Nice.]

Anterior to the first council of Nice; as antenicene faith.

Encyc.

Antennae

ANTEN'NAE, n.plu. [Latin antenna, a sail yard.] In zoology, the horns or feelers of insects, projecting from the head.

Antenumber

ANTENUM'BER, noun A number that precedes another.

Bacon.

Antenuptial

ANTENUP'TIAL, adjective [ante and nuptial.]

Being before marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement; antenuptial children.

Kent.

Antepaschal

ANTEPASCH'AL, adjective Pertaining to the time before Easter.

Nelson.

Antepast

AN'TEPAST, noun [ante, before, and pastum, fed.]

A foretaste; something taken before the proper time.

Antepenult

ANTEPENULT', noun [Latin ante, before, pene, almost, and ultimus, last.]

The last syllable of a word, except two; as syl in syllable.

Antepenultimate

ANTEPENULT'IMATE, adjective Pertaining to the last syllable but two.

Antephleptic

ANTEPHLEP'TIC, adjective [, against, and, epileptic, from, to seize.]

Resisting or curing epilepsy.

Antepileptic

ANTEPILEP'TIC, noun A remedy for the epilepsy.

Encyc. Coxe.

Anteposition

ANTEPOSI'TION, n. s as z. [Latin ante, before, and position, from pono, to place.]

In grammar, the placing of a word before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.

Antepredicament

ANTEPREDIC'AMENT, noun [ante and predicament.]

A preliminary question in logic to illustrate the doctrine of predicaments and categories; a question which is to be first known.

Encyc.

Anterior

ANTE'RIOR, adjective [Latin] Before in time or place; prior; antecedent; preceding in time.

2. Before or in front in place.

Anteriority

ANTERIOR'ITY, noun The state of being anterior, preceding or in front; a state of being before in time, or situation.

Anteroom

AN'TEROOM, noun [ante and room.] A room before or in front of another.

Darwin.

Antes

AN'TES, n. plu. [Latin] Pillars of large dimensions that support the front of a building.

Antestature

ANTESTAT'URE, noun [ante and stature.]

In fortification, a small retrenchment or work formed of palisades, or sacks of earth.

Encyc.

Antestomach

ANTESTOM'ACH, noun [ante and stomach.]

A cavity which leads into the stomach, as the crop in birds. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Antevert

ANTEVERT', verb transitive [L anteverto.] To prevent. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Antevirgilian

ANTEVIRGIL'IAN, adjective [ and Virgil.] A term given to Tull's new husbandry, or method of horse hoeing.

Encyc.

Anthelmintic

ANTHELMIN'TIC, adjective [, against, and, a worm.] Good against worms.

Anthelmintic

ANTHELMIN'TIC, noun A remedy for worms in the intestines.

Encyc. Coxe.

Anthem

AN'THEM, noun [Greek, against, and, a hymn, from, to sing. See Hymn.]

A hymn sung in alternate parts; but in modern usage, a sacred tune or piece of music set to words, taken from the psalms or other parts of the scriptures, first introduced into church service in Elizabeth's reign.

Encyc.

Anthem-Wise

AN'THEM-WISE, adverb In the manner of an anthem; alternately.

Bacon.

Anthemis

AN'THEMIS, noun Camomile.

Tate.

Anther

AN'THER, noun [Latin anthera, a flowery plant, from the Greek, flowery, from, a flower.]

In botany, the summit or top of the stamen, connected with the flower, and elevated by means of the filament or thread, within the corol. It contains the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the stigma. It is called by Ray, the apex, and by Malpighi, the capsula staminis.

Milne. Martyn.

Antheral

AN'THERAL, adjective Pertaining to anthers.

Asiat. Res. 4,404.

Antheriferous

AN'THERIF'EROUS, adjective [anther and fero, to bear.] Producing anthers.

Barton, 162.

Anthesterion

ANTHESTE'RION, noun The sixth month of the Athenian year, consisting of 29 days, and answering to a part of November and a part of December. It is supposed to be so called from the Anthesteria, feasts in honor of Bacchus, celebrated in that month, and so called from, a flower; garlands of flowers being offered to Bacchus at those feasts.

Anthological

ANTHOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anthology.

Anthology

ANTHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a flower, and, a discourse, or, a collection.]

1. A discourse on flowers.

2. A collection of beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams. In the Greek church, a collection of devotional pieces.

Encyc.

Anthonys Fire

AN'THONY'S FIRE. A popular name of the erysipelas, supposed to have been so named from the saint in Italy, to whom those, who were affected, applied for a cure.

Encyc.

Anthophyllite

ANTHOPH'YLLITE, noun [Greek, a flower, and, a leaf.]

A mineral in masses composed of interlaced plates, or crystalized in reed-shaped crystals, which appear to be four sided prisms longitudinally streaked. The color is between dark yellowish gray and olive brown; the luster shining and pearly.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cleaveland.

Anthorism

AN'THORISM, noun [Greek, opposite, and, definition.]

In rhetoric, a description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party.

Ash.

Anthracite

AN'THRACITE, noun [Greek, a burning coal; infra.]

Slaty glance-coal, or columnar glance coal; that species of coal which has a shining luster, approaching to metallic, and which burns without smoke, and with intense heat. It consists essentially of carbon.

Anthracolite

AN'THRACOLITE. [See Anthracite.]

Anthrax

AN'THRAX, noun [Greek; supra.]

A carbuncle; a malignant ulcer, with intense burning. The ancients gave this name to a gem, and it is sometimes used for lithanthrax or pit-coal.

Encyc.

Anthropoglot

ANTHROP'OGLOT, noun [Greek, man, and, the tongue.]

An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, of which kind are parrots.

Encyc.

Anthropography

ANTHROPOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, man, and, description.]

A description of man or the human race, or of the parts of the human body.

Encyc.

Anthropolite

ANTHROP'OLITE, noun [Greek, man, and, a stone.]

A petrifaction of the human body, or skeleton. Some naturalists have asserted that skeletons of the animal frame have been found petrified in old mines; but the fact is not credited, and the existence of such petrifactions is denied.

Encyc.

Capt. Wilford informs us, that in digging a well near the Ganga, some persons found, at the depth of 90 feet, on an old bed of that river, the bones of men and quadrupeds, supposed to be petrifactions.

Asiat. Res. 8.294.

The skeleton of a man has been found in a limestone rock, of recent formation, in Guadaloupe.

Ed. Encyc.

Human bones have also been found, by Prof. Buckland, in the open cave of Paviland, Glamorganshire. He considers them postdiluvian.

Quart. Rev. v. 29. p. 148.

Anthropological

ANTHROPOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anthropology; according to human manner of speaking.

Kirwan.

Anthropologist

ANTHROPOL'OGIST, noun One who describes, or is versed in the physical history of the human body.

Anthropology

ANTHROPOL'OGY, noun [Greek, man, and, discourse.]

1. A discourse upon human nature.

Encyc.

2. The doctrine of the structure of the human body; the natural history or physiology of the human species.

3. The word denotes that manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.

Encyc.

Anthropomancy

ANTHROPOM'ANCY, noun [Greek, man, and, divination.]

Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being.

Encyc.

Anthropomorphism

ANTHROPOMORPH'ISM, noun The heresy of the anthropomorphites.

Encyc.

Anthropomorphite

ANTHROPOMORPH'ITE, noun [Greek, man, and, form.]

One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being. A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites.

Encyc.

Anthropomorphous

ANTHROPOMORPH'OUS, adjective Belonging to that which has the form of man; having the figure of resemblance to a man.

Ash. Encyc.

Anthropopathy

ANTHROPOP'ATHY, noun [, man, and, passion.]

The affections of man, or the application of human passions to the Supreme Being.

Owen. Encyc. Ash.

Anthropophagi

ANTHROPOPH'AGI, n. plu. [Greek, man, and, to eat.]

Maneaters; cannibals; men that eat human flesh.

Johnson. Encyc.

Anthropophagous

ANTHROPOPH'AGOUS, adjective Feeding on human flesh.

Anthropophagy

ANTHROPOPH'AGY, noun The eating of human flesh, or the practice of eating it.

Johnson. Encyc.

Anthroposcopy

ANTHROPOS'COPY, noun [Greek, man, and, to view.]

The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions and inclinations from the lineaments of his body.

Encyc.

Anthroposophy

ANTHROPOS'OPHY, noun [Greek, man, and, wisdom.]

Knowledge of the nature of man; acquaintance with man's structure and functions, comprehending anatomy and physiology.

Encyc.

Anthypnotic

ANTHYPNOT'IC, adjective corrupt orthography. [See Antihypnotic.]

Anthypochondriac

ANTHYPOCHOND'RIAC, [See Antihypochondriac.]

Anthypophora

ANTHYPOPH'ORA. [See Antihypophara.]

Anthysteric

ANTHYSTER'IC. [See Antihysteric.]

Anti

AN'TI, [Greek See Ante.] A preposition signifying against, opposite, contrary, or in place of; used in many English words.

Antiacid

ANTIAC'ID, adjective Opposing or removing acidity. Often written antacid.

Antiacid

ANTIAC'ID, noun An alkali; a medicine proper to correct sourness, or acidity; an absorbent, as chalk, magnesia, coral, sea-shells, hematite, steelfilings; or an obtundent, as oil or fat; or an immutant, as lixivious salts, and soaps.

Cyc.

Antiamerican

ANTIAMER'ICAN, adjective Opposed to America, or to the true interests or government of the United States; opposed to the revolution in America.

Marshall.

Antiarthritic

ANTIARTHRIT'IC, adjective [See Antarthritic.] Good against the gout.

Antiarthritic

ANTIARTHRIT'IC, noun A remedy for the gout.

Antiasthmatic

ANTIASTHMAT'IC, adjective [See Antasthmatic.] Good against asthma.

Antiasthmatic

ANTIASTHMAT'IC, noun A remedy for the asthma.

Antibacchius

ANTIBAC'CHIUS, noun [Greek, and, a foot of one short and two long syllables.]

In poetry, a foot of three syllables, the two first long and the last short, as ambie; opposed to the bacchius, in which the first syllable is short and the two last long. This foot is supposed to be so named from its use in hymns to Bacchus.

Trumbull. Encyc. Greek Lex.

Antibasilican

ANTIBASIL'ICAN, a. s as z. [Greek, and, a palace; Latin basilicus, royal, basilica, a hall of justice.]

Opposed to royal state and magnificence.

Plowden, Brit. Empire.

Antic

AN'TIC, adjective [from French antique; Latin antiquus; Italian antico; a sense derived from the grotesque figures of antiques.] Odd; fanciful; as, antic tricks.

Antic

AN'TIC, noun A buffoon or merry Andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations.

Shak.

2. Odd appearance; fanciful figures.

Spenser.

3. In architecture, sculpture and painting, such pieces as were made by the ancients; usually written antique, and pronounced anteek, but without any good reason.

Antic

AN'TIC, verb transitive To make antic.

Shak.

Anticachectic

ANTICACHEC'TIC, adjective [Greek, and, of an ill habit of body.]

Curing or tending to cure an ill habit of the constitution.

Johnson.

Anticachectic

ANTICACHEC'TIC, noun A medicine that tends to correct an ill habit of body.

Coxe.

Anticatarrhal

ANTICAT'ARRHAL, adjective [, against, and, a catarrh.] Good against catarrh.

Anticatarrhal

ANTICAT`ARRHAL, noun A remedy for catarrh.

Coxe.

Anticausotic

ANTICAUSOT'IC, adjective [, against, and, a burning fever.] Good against a burning fever.

Anticausotic

ANTICAUSOT'IC, noun A remedy for a burning fever.

Coxe.

Anti-Chamber

AN'TI-CHAMBER, noun Dr. Johnson prefers ante-chamber, which see. But ante and anti are the same word in different dialects; and have the same radical signification. [See Ante.]

Anti-Christ

AN'TI-CHRIST, noun [Greek, against, and Christ.]

A great adversary of Christ; the man of sin; described 1 John 2:18. 2 Thessalonians 2. Revelation 9. Protestants generally suppose this adversary to be the Papal power; and some divines believe that, in a more general sense, the word extends to any persons who deny Christ or oppose the fundamental doctrines of christianity.

Encyc. Brown. Buck.

Antichristian

ANTICHRIS'TIAN, adjective Pertaining to antichrist; opposite to or opposing the christian religion.

Antichristian

ANTICHRIS'TIAN, noun A follower of antichrist; one opposed to the christian religion.

Antichristianism

ANTICHRIS'TIANISM, noun Opposition or contrariety to the christian religion.

Antichristianity

ANTICHRISTIAN'ITY, noun Opposition or contrariety to christianity.

Antichronism

ANTICH'RONISM, noun [Greek, and, time.] Deviation from the true order of time.

Selden.

Anticipate

ANTIC'IPATE, verb transitive [Latin anticipo, of ante, before, and capio, to take.]

1. To take or act, before another, so as to prevent him; to take first possession.

2. To take before the proper time; as, the advocate has anticipated that part of his argument.

3. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of something future; as, to anticipate the pleasures of an entertainment; to anticipate the evils of life.

4. To prevent by crowding in before; to preclude.

Johnson.

[This sense is essentially included in the first.]

Anticipated

ANTIC'IPATED, participle passive Taken before; foretasted; foreseen; precluded; prevented.

Anticipating

ANTIC'IPATING, participle of the present tense Taking before; foretasting; precluding; preventing.

Anticipation

ANTICIPA'TION, noun The act of taking up, placing, or considering something before the proper time, in natural order; prevention.

2. Foretaste; previous view or impression of what is to happen afterward; as, the anticipation of the joys of heaven.

The happy anticipation of a renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just.

Thodey.

3. Previous notion; preconceived opinion, produced in the mind, before the truth is known; slight previous impression.

4. The attack of a fever before the usual time.

Coxe.

5. In music, the obtrusion of a chord upon a syncopated note, to which it forms a discord.

Busby.

Anticipator

ANTIC'IPATOR, noun One who anticipates.

Anticipatory

ANTIC'IPATORY, adjective Taking before the time.

More.

Anticlimax

ANTICLI'MAX, noun [Greek, opposite, and, elimax. See Climate.]

A sentence in which the ideas fall or become less important and striking at the close; opposed to climax. For example,

Next comes Dalhousie, the great God of war, Lieutenant Col'nel to the Earl of Mar.

Anticly

AN'TICLY, adverb In an antic manner; with odd postures and gesticulations; with fanciful appearance.

Shak.

Anticmask

AN'TICMASK, or AN'TIMASK, noun A mask of antics.

Bacon. B. Jonson.

Anticonstitutional

ANTICONSTITU'TIONAL, adjective Opposed to or against the constitution.

Bolingbroke.

Anticonstitutionalist

ANTICONSTITU'TIONALIST, noun One opposed to the constitution.

Anticontagionist

ANTICONTA'GIONIST, noun One who opposes the doctrine of contagion.

Anticontagionist

ANTICONTA'GIONIST, noun One who opposes the doctrine of contagion.

Anticontagious

ANTICONTA'GIOUS, adjective [, and contagious.] Opposing or destroying contagion.

Anticonvulsive

ANTICONVUL'SIVE, adjective [, and convulsive.] Good against convulsions.

Floyer.

Anticor

AN'TICOR, noun [anti, and French coeur, or Latin cor, the heart.]

Among farriers, an inflammation in a horse's throat, answering to the quinsy in man.

Encyc.

Anticosmetic

ANTICOSMET'IC, adjective [anti and cosmetic. See Cosmetic.] Destructive or injurious to beauty.

Anticosmetic

ANTICOSMET'IC, noun Any preparation which injures beauty.

Anticourt

AN'TICOURT, adjective In opposition to the court. [Not used.]

Reresby.

Anticourtier

ANTICOURTIER, noun anticortyur. [anti and courtier.]

One who opposes the court, or the measures of administration.

Ash.

Anticreator

ANTICREA'TOR, noun One that opposes the creator.

Antidemocratic

ANTIDEMOCRAT'IC, or ANTIDEMOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Opposing democracy; contrary to government by the people.

Mitford.

Antidotal

AN'TIDOTAL, adjective That has the quality of preventing the ill effects of poison, or of any thing noxious or mischievous.

Antidote

AN'TIDOTE, noun [, of, against, and, to give; Welsh dodi, to give.]

1. A medicine to counteract the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken into the stomach.

2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract the evil which something else might produce.

Antidotical

ANTIDO'TICAL, adjective Serving as an antidote.

Antidotically

ANTIDO'TICALLY, adverb By way of antidote.

Brown.

Antidysenteric

ANTIDYSENTER'IC, adjective [Greek, against, and, dysenteric.] Good against the dysentery, or bloody flux.

Antidysenteric

ANTIDYSENTER'IC, noun A remedy for dysentery.

Coxe.

Antiemetic

ANTIEMET'IC, adjective [Greek, against, and, emetic, from, to vomit.]

Having the quality of allaying vomiting.

Antiemetic

ANTIEMET'IC, noun A remedy to check or allay vomiting.

Antienneahedral

ANTIENNEAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, opposite, nine, and, side.]

In crystalography, having nine faces on two opposite parts of the crystal.

Cleaveland.

Antienthusiastic

ANTIENTHUSIAS'TIC, adjective [anti and enthusiastic.] Opposing enthusiasm.

Shaftsbury.

Antientry

AN'TIENTRY, noun [More correctly, ancientry.] Cast of antiquity; that which is ancient.

Gray.

Antiepiscopal

ANTIEPISC'OPAL, adjective Adverse to episcopacy.

K. Charles.

Antievangelical

ANTIEVANGEL'ICAL, adjective Contrary to orthodoxy, or the genuine sense of the gospel.

Milner.

Antiface

AN'TIFACE, noun Opposite face.

Jonson.

Antifanatic

ANTIFANAT'IC, noun An opposer of fanaticism.

Milton.

Antifebrile

ANTIFE'BRILE, adjective [, against, and febrile.]

That has the quality of abating fever; opposing or tending to cure fever.

Antifebrile

ANTIFE'BRILE, noun A medicine that cures, abates, or tends to allay fever.

Antiflattering

ANTIFLAT'TERING, adjective Opposite to flattery.

Delany.

Antigugler

ANTIGUG'LER, noun [anti and guggle.]

A crooked tube of metal, so bent as to be introduced into the neck of a bottle, for drawing out the liquor, without disturbing the sediment.

Encyc.

Antihectic

ANTIHEC'TIC, adjective [Greek, against, and, hectic.]

That has the quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders.

Antihectic

ANTIHEC'TIC, noun A medicine that is good in the cure of hectic disorders.

Encyc. Coxe.

Antihypnotic

ANTIHYPNOT'IC, adjective [Greek, and, sleep.]

Counteracting sleep; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy.

Antihypnotic

ANTIHYPNOT'IC, noun A medicine that prevents or tends to prevent sleep.

Coxe.

Antihypochondriac

ANTIHYPOCHOND'RIAC, adjective [Greek, and, hypochondriac.]

That counteracts or tends to cure hypochondriac affections, and depression of spirits.

Antihypochondriac

ANTIHYPOCHOND'RIAC, noun A remedy for hypochondriac affections and low spirits.

Antihypophora

ANTIHYPOPH'ORA, noun [Greek, and, an inference.]

In rhetoric, a figure which consists in refuting an objection by the opposition of a contrary sentence.

Smith. Johnson. Ash.

Antihysteric

ANTIHYSTER'IC, adjective [Greek, and, uterus.]

Counteracting hysterics.

Antihysteric

ANTIHYSTER'IC, noun A medicine that cures or counteracts hysterical affections.

Coxe.

Antilogarithm

ANTILOG'ARITHM, noun [anti and logarithm.]

The complement of the logarithm of any sine, tangent or secant, to 90 degrees.

Bailey.

Antilogy

ANTIL'OGY, noun [Greek, against, and, speech.]

A contradiction between any words or passages in an author.

Antimagistrical

ANTIMAGIS'TRICAL, adjective Opposed to the office of magistrates. [Not used.]

South.

Antimaniac

ANTIMA'NIAC, or ANTIMANI'ACAL, adjective [anti and maniac.] Counteracting or curing madness or frenzy.

Beattie.

Antimask

AN'TIMASK, noun A lesser mask.

Bacon.

Antimetabole

ANTIMETAB'OLE, noun antimetab'oly. [Greek, against, and, mutation.]

In rhetoric, a setting of two things in opposition to each other; as, an honorable action may be attended with labor, but the labor is soon past, and the honor is immortal.

Encyc.

Antimetathesis

ANTIMETATH'ESIS, noun [Greek, against, and, a transposition.]

In rhetoric, an inversion of the parts or members of an antithesis; as, "Compare the arrival of this governor, with the victory of that general." "Compare this peace with that war."

Cicero in Verrem. Encyc.

Antimeter

ANTIM'ETER, noun [Greek and, measure.]

An optical instrument for measuring angles, with greater accuracy than can be done by the usual quadrants or sextants.

Rees.

Antimetrical

ANTIMET'RICAL, adjective Contrary to the rules of meter or verse.

Bailey.

Antiministerial

ANTIMINISTE'RIAL, adjective [anti and ministerial.]

Opposed to the ministry, or administration of government.

Antiministerialist

ANTIMINISTE'RIALIST, noun One that opposes the ministry.

Antimonarchical

ANTIMONARCH'ICAL, adjective [anti. against, and monarchical.]

Opposed to monarchy; that opposes a kingly government.

Addison.

Antimonarchicalness

ANTIMONARCH'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being opposed to monarchy.

Antimonial

ANTIMO'NIAL, adjective [from antimony.]

Pertaining to antimony; relating to antimony, or partaking of its qualities.

Antimonial

ANTIMO'NIAL, noun A preparation of antimony; a medicine in which antimony is a principal ingredient.

Encyc.

Antimoniate

ANTIMO'NIATE, noun A compound or salt composed of antimonic acid and a base.

Henry.

Antimoniated

ANTIMO'NIATED, adjective Partaking of antimony; mixed or prepared with antimony; as antimoniated tartar.

Nicholson.

Antimonic

ANTIMO'NIC, adjective Pertaining to antimony; the antimonic acid is a peroxyd of antimony.

Henry.

Antimonious

ANTIMO'NIOUS, adjective Pertaining to antimony. The antimonious acid is a deutoxyd of antimony.

Henry.

Antimonite

AN'TIMONITE, noun A compound of antimonious acid and a base.

Henry.

Antimony

AN'TIMONY, noun [French antimoine; Low Latin antimonium; Italian antimonio; Spanish id. This by some writers is supposed to be composed of anti and French moine, monk, from the fact that certain monks were poisoned by it. This story, reported by Furetiere, is treated by Morin, as fabulous, and by him it is said to be composed of Greek, against, and, alone, and so named because it is not found alone. The real truth is not ascertained.]

Primarily, a metallic ore consisting of sulphur combined with a metal; the sulphuret of Antimony, the stibium of the Romans and the, of the Greeks. It is a blackish mineral, which stains the hands, hard, brittle, full of long, shining, needlelike striae. It is found in the mines of Bohemia, and Hungary; in France and England, and in America. This word is also used for the pure metal or regulus of antimony, a metal of a grayish or silvery white, very brittle, and of a plated or scaly texture, and of moderate specific gravity. By exposure to air, its surface becomes tarnished, but does not rust. It is used as an ingredient in concave mirrors, giving them a finer texture. In bells, it renders the sound more clear; it renders tin more hard, white and sonorous, and gives to printing types more firmness and smoothness. It is also useful in promoting the fusion of metals, and especially in casting cannon balls. In its crude state, it is harmless to the human constitution; but many of its preparations act violently as emetics and cathartics. It has also a peculiar efficacy in promoting the secretions, particularly as a sudorific.

Chambers. Encyc. Nicholson.

Antimoralist

ANTIMOR'ALIST, noun An opposer of morality.

Warburton.

Antimusical

ANTIMU'SICAL, adjective Opposed to music; having no ear for music.

Amer. Review.

Antinephritic

ANTINEPHRIT'IC, adjective [anti, and nephritic, which see.]

Counteracting diseases of the kidneys.

Coxe.

Antinephritic

ANTINEPHRIT'IC, noun A medicine that tends to remove diseases of the kidneys.

Antinomian

ANTINO'MIAN, adjective [Greek, against, and, law.]

Against law; pertaining to the Antinomians.

Antinomian

ANTINO'MIAN, noun One of a sect who maintain, that, under the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or obligation; or who hold doctrines which supersede the necessity of good works and a virtuous life. This sect originated with John Agricola about the year 1538.

Encyc.

Antinomianism

ANTINO'MIANISM, noun The tenets of Antinomians.

Hall.

Antinomist

AN'TINOMIST, noun One who pays no regard to the law, or to good works.

Sanderson.

Antinomy

AN'TINOMY, noun A contradiction between two laws, or between two parts of the same law.

Baker.

Antiochian

ANTIO'CHIAN, adjective Pertaining to Antiochus, the founder of a sect of philosophers, cotemporary with Cicero. This sect was a branch of the academics, though Antiochus was a stoic. He attempted to reconcile the doctrines of the different schools, and was the last preceptor of the Platonic school.

Enfield. Encyc.

The Antiochian epoch was a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia.

Encyc.

Antipapal

ANTIPA'PAL, adjective Opposing popery.

Antipapistic

ANTIPAPIS'TIC, or ANTIPAPIS'TICAL, adjective Opposed to popery or papacy.

Jortin.

Antiparallel

ANTIPAR'ALLEL, adjective Running in a contrary direction.

Hammond.

Antiparalytic

ANTIPARALYT'IC, adjective [, and paralytic, which see.]

Good against the palsy.

Antiparalytic

ANTIPARALYT'IC, noun A remedy for the palsy.

Coxe.

Antipathetic

ANTIPATHET'IC, or ANTIPATHET'ICAL, adjective [See Antipathy.]

Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion to a thing.

Antipatheticalness

ANTIPATHET'ICALNESS, noun The quality or state of having an aversion or contrariety to a thing.

Johnson.

Antipathy

ANTIP'ATHY, noun [Greek, against, and, feeling.]

Natural aversion; instinctive contrariety or opposition in feeling; an aversion felt at the presence, real or ideal, of a particular object. This word literally denotes a natural aversion, which may be of different degrees, and in some cases may excite terror or horror at the presence of an object. Such is the aversion of animals for their natural enemies, as the antipathy of a mouse to a cat, or a weasel. Sometimes persons have an insuperable constitutional antipathy to certain kinds of food.

The word is applied also to aversion contracted by experience or habit; as when a person has suffered an injury from some food, or from an animal, which before was not an object of hatred; or when a particular kind of food or medicine is taken into a sickly stomach, and which nauseates it; the effect is antipathy, which is often of long continuance.

Antipathy however is often affected, as when persons pretend a great aversion to things from false delicacy.

2. In ethics, antipathy is hatred, aversion or repugnancy; hatred to persons; aversion to persons or things; repugnancy to actions. Of these hatred is most voluntary. Aversion, and antipathy, in its true sense, depend more on the constitution; repugnancy may depend on reason or education.

Encyc.

Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.

Washington.

3. In physics, a contrariety in the properties or affections of matter, as of oil and water, which will not mix.

Antipathy is regularly followed by to, sometimes by against; and is opposed to sympathy.

Antipatriotic

ANTIPATRIOT'IC, adjective Not patriotic; opposing the interests of one's country.

Antipatriotic prejudices.

Johnson.

Antipedobaptist

ANTIPEDOBAP'TIST, noun [Greek, against,, a child, and, to baptize.]

One who is opposed to the baptism of infants.

Buck.

Antiperistaltic

ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, adjective [See Peristaltic.]

Opposed to peristaltic; retroverted, as in vomiting; as, the antiperistaltic motion of the intestines.

Cyc.

Antiperistasis

ANTIPERIS'TASIS, noun [Greek, against, and, a standing around.]

The opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality opposed acquires strength; or the action by which a body attacked collects force by opposition; or the intension of the activity of one quality by the opposition of another. Thus quick-lime is set on fire, or sensible heat is excited in it, by mixture with water; and cold applied to the human body may increase its heat.

Johnson. Dryden. Quincy.

Antiperistatic

ANTIPERISTAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to antiperistasis.

Ash.

Antipestilential

ANTIPESTILEN'TIAL, adjective [anti and pestilential, which see.]

Counteracting contagion or infection; having the quality of opposing or destroying pestilential diseases.

Antiphlogistian

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIAN, noun [anti and phlogiston, which see.]

An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.

Antiphlogistic

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, adjective Counteracting heat or inflammation; tending to reduce arterial action; opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.

Nicholson.

Antiphlogistic

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, noun Any medicine or diet which tends to reduce inflammation or the activity of the vital power.

Hooper. Coxe.

Antiphon

AN'TIPHON, noun [See Antiphony.]

The chant or alternate singing in choirs of cathedrals.

Antiphonal

ANTIPH'ONAL, or ANTIPHON'IC, or ANTIPHON'ICAL, adjective [See Antiphony.]

Pertaining to antiphony or alternate singing.

Encyc.

Antiphonary

ANTIPH'ONARY, noun [, contrary, and, sound, voice.]

A service book, in the catholic church, containing all the invitatories, responsories, collects, and whatever is said or sung in the choir, except the lessons; called also a responsary; compiled by Gregory the Great.

Encyc.

Antiphoner

ANTIPH'ONER, noun A book of anthems or antiphons.

Chaucer.

Antiphony

ANTIPH'ONY, noun [, contrary, and, voice.]

1. The answer of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm is sung by two ehoirs; alternate singing.

2. A species of psalmody, when a congregation is divided into two parts, and each sings the verses alternately.

Encyc.

3. The words given out at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are to accommodate their singing.

Encyc.

4. A musical composition of several verses, extracted from different psalms.

Encyc.

Antiphrasis

ANTIPH'RASIS, noun [Greek, against, and, a form of speech.]

The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance.

Johnson. Ash.

Antiphrastic

ANTIPHRAS'TIC, or ANTIPHRAS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to antiphrasis.

Ash.

Antipodal

ANTIP'ODAL, adjective Pertaining to the antipodes; having the feet directly opposite.

Antipode

AN'TIPODE, adjective [Greek, opposite, and,, foot.]

One who lives on the opposite side of the globe, and of course, whose feet are directly opposite.

Antipoison

ANTIPOI'SON, noun s as z. An antidote for poison.

Brown.

Antipope

AN'TIPOPE, noun [anti and pope.]

One who usurps the papal power, in opposition to the pope.

Addison.

Antiport

AN'TIPORT, noun An outward gate or door.

Smith.

Antiprelatical

ANTIPRELAT'ICAL, adjective Adverse to prelacy.

Morton.

Antipriest

AN'TIPRIEST, noun An opposer or enemy of priests.

Waterland.

Antipriestcraft

ANTIPRIE'STCRAFT, noun Opposition to priestcraft.

Burke.

Antiprinciple

ANTIPRIN'CIPLE, noun An opposite principle.

Spenser.

Antiprophet

ANTIPROPH'ET, noun An enemy or opposer of prophets.

Mede.

Antiptosis

ANTIP'TOSIS, noun [Greek and, case.]

In grammar, the putting of one case for another.

Johnson.

Antipuritan

ANTIPU'RITAN, noun An opposer of puritans.

Warton.

Antiquaraian

ANTIQUA'RAIAN, adjective Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity. As a noun, this is used for antiquary.

Antiquarianism

ANTIQUA'RIANISM, noun Love of antiquities.

Warburton.

Antiquary

AN'TIQUARY, noun [Latin antiquarius.]

One who studies into the history of ancient things, as statues, coins, medals, paintings, inscriptions, books and manuscripts, or searches for them, and explains their origin and purport; one versed in antiquity.

Antiquate

AN'TIQUATE, v. t: [Latin antiquo. See Antiquary.]

To make old, or obsolete; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use. Hence, when applied to laws or customs, it amounts to make void or abrogate.

Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws and antiquate or abrogate old ones.

Hale.

Antiquated

AN'TIQUATED, participle passive Grown old; obsolete; out of use; having lost its binding force by non-observance; as an antiquated law.

Antiquatedness

AN'TIQUATEDNESS, noun The state of being old or obsolete.

Antiquation

ANTIQUA'TION, noun The state of being antiquated.

Beaumont.

Antique

ANTIQUE, a. antee'k. [French from Latin antiquus, probably from ante.]

1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; in this sense it usually refers to the flourishishing ages of Greece and Rome; as an antique statue.

2. Old, as it respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion, as an antique robe.

3. Odd; wild; fanciful; more generally written antic.

Antique

ANTIQUE, noun antee'k. In general, any thing very old; but in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists, as busts, statues, paintings and vases, the works of Grecian and Roman antiquity.

Antiqueness

ANTIQUENESS, noun antee'kness. The quality of being ancient; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.

Addison.

Antiquity

ANTIQ'UITY, noun [Latin antiquitas.]

1. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; a very indefinite term; as, Cieero was the most eloquent orator of antiquity.

2. The ancients; the people of ancient times; as, the fact is admitted by all antiquity.

Meaning that mankind are inclined to verify the predictions of antiquity.

T. Dawes.

3. Ancientness; great age; the quality of being ancient; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity.

4. Old age; a ludicrous sense used by Shak.

5. The remains of ancient times. In this sense it is usually or always plural. Antiquities comprehend all the remains of ancient times; all the monuments, coins, inscriptions, edifices, history and fragments of literature, offices, habiliments, weapons, manners, ceremonies; in short, whatever respects any of the ancient nations of the earth.

Antirevolutionary

ANTIREVOLU'TIONARY, adjective [See Revolution.]

Opposed to a revolution; opposed to an entire change in the form of government.

Burke.

Antirevolutionist

ANTIREVOLU'TIONIST, noun One who is opposed to a revolution in government.

Antisabbatarian

ANTISABBATA'RIAN, noun [anti and sabbath.]

One of a sect who oppose the observance of the Christian sabbath; maintaining that the Jewish sabbath was only of ceremonial, not of moral obligation, and was consequently abolished by Christ.

Encyc.

Antisabian

ANTISA'BIAN, adjective [See Sabian.]

Opposed or contrary to Sabianism, or the worship of the celestial orbs.

Faber.

Antisacerdotal

ANTISACERDO'TAL, adjective Adverse to priests.

Waterland.

Antiscian

ANTIS'CIAN, or ANTIS'CIANS, noun [Latin antiscii, of Greek, opposite, and, shadow.]

In geography, the inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in contrary directions. Those who live north of the equator are antiscians to those on the south, and vice versa; the shadows on one side being cast towards the north; those on the other, towards the south.

Encyc.

Antiscorbutic

ANTISCORBU'TIC, adjective [anti and scorbutic, which see.]

Counteracting the scurvy.

Antiscorbutic

ANTISCORBU'TIC, noun A remedy for the scurvy.

Antiscripturism

ANTISCRIP'TURISM, noun Opposition to the Holy Scriptures.

Boyle.

Antiscripturist

ANTISCRIP'TURIST, noun One that denies revelation.

Boyle.

Antiseptic

ANTISEP'TIC, adjective [Greek and, putrid, from, to putrify.]

Opposing or counteracting putrefaction.

Ash.

Antiseptic

ANTISEP'TIC, noun A medicine which resists or corrects putrefaction, as acids, stimulants, saline substances, astringents, &c.

Encyc.

Antisocial

ANTISO'CIAL, adjective [See Social.]

A verse to society; that tends to interrupt or destroy social intercourse.

Pascalis, Med. Rep.

Antispasis

ANTIS'PASIS, noun [Greek, against, and, to draw.]

A revulsion of fluids, from one part of the body to another.

Quincy.

Antispasmodic

ANTISPASMOD'IC, adjective [Greek. against, and, from, to draw.]

Opposing spasm; resisting convulsions; as anodynes.

Coxe.

Antispasmodic

ANTISPASMOD'IC, noun A remedy for spasm or convulsions, as opium, balsam of Peru, and the essential oils of vegetables.

Coxe.

Antispastic

ANTISPAS'TIC, adjective [See Antispasis.]

Causing a revulsion of fluids or humors.

Johnson.

Antisplenetic

ANTISPLENET'IC, adjective [See Spleen.]

Good as a remedy in diseases of the spleen.

Johnson.

Antistasis

ANTIS'TASIS, noun [Greek, opposite, and, station.]

In oratory, the defense of an action from the consideration that if it had been omitted, something worse would have happened.

Encyc.

Antistes

ANTIS'TES, noun [Latin]

The chief priest or prelate.

Milton.

Antistrophe

ANTIS'TROPHE, or ANTIS'TROPHY, noun [Greek, opposite, and, a turning.]

In grammer, the changing of things mutually depending on each other; reciprocal conversion; as, the master of the servant, the servant of the master.

2. Among the ancients, that part of a song or dance, before the altar, which was performed by turning from west to east, in opposition to the strophy. The ancient odes consisted of stanzas called strophies and antistrophies, to which was often added the epode. These were sung by a choir, which turned or changed places when they repeated the different parts of the ode. The epode was sung, as the chorus stood still. [See Ode.

West's pref. to his Pindar.

Antistrophon

ANTIS'TROPHON, noun A figure which repeats a word often.

Milton.

Antistrumatic

ANTISTRUMAT'IC, adjective [anti and struma, a scrophulous swelling.]

Good against scrophulous disorders.

Johnson. Wiseman.

Antithesis

ANTITH'ESIS, noun [Greek, of and, from, to place.]

In rhetoric, an opposition of words or sentiments; contrast; as, ``When our vices leave us, we flatter ourselves we leave them.' ``The prodigal robs his heir, the miser robs himself.' ``Excess of ceremony shows want of breeding.' ``Liberty with laws, and government without oppression.'

2. Opposition of opinions; controversy.

Encyc.

Antithetic

ANTITHET'IC, or ANTITHET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing or abounding with antithesis.

Enfield. Encyc.

Antitrinitarian

ANTITRINITA'RIAN, noun [anti and trinitarian, which see.]

One who denies the trinity or the existence of three persons in the Godhead.

Encyc.

Antitrinitarian

ANTITRINITA'RIAN, adjective Opposing the trinity.

Antitrinitarianism

ANTITRINITA'RIANISM, noun A denial of the trinity.

Antitype

AN'TITYPE, noun [Greek, of, against, and, a type, or pattern.]

A figure corresponding to another figure; that of which the type is the pattern or representation. Thus the paschal lamb, in scripture, is the type, of which Christ is the antitype. An antitype then, is something which is formed according to a model or pattern, and bearing strong features of resemblance to it.

In the Greek liturgy, the sacramental bread and wine are called antitypes, that is, figures, similitudes; and the Greek fathers used the word in a like sense.

Encyc.

Antitypical

ANTITYP'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.

Johnson.

Antivariolous

ANTIVARIO'LOUS, adjective [anti and variolous, which see.]

Opposing the small pox.

Med. Rep.

Antivenereal

ANTIVENE'REAL, adjective [anti and venereal, which see.]

Resisting venereal poison.

Antler

ANT'LER, noun [From the root of ante, before; French andouiller. See Ante.]

A start or branch of a horn, especially of the horns of the cervine animals, as of the stag or moose. The branch next to the head is called the brow-antler, and the branch next above, the bes-antler.

Encyc.

Antlered

ANT'LERED, adjective Furnished with antlers.

Encyc.

Antonian

ANTO'NIAN, adjective Noting certain medicinal waters in Germany, at or near Tonstein.

Encyc.

Antonomasia

ANTONOMA'SIA, or ANTONOM'ASY, noun [Greek, and, name.]

The use of the name of some office, dignity, profession, science or trade, instead of the true name of the person; as when his majesty is used for a king, lordship for a nobleman. Thus instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher; a grave man is called a Cato; an eminent orator, a Cicero; a wise man, a Solomon. In the latter examples, a proper name is used for an appellative; the application being supported by a resemblance in character.

Encyc.

Antosiandrian

ANTOSIAN'DRIAN, noun One of a sect of rigid Lutherans, so denominated from their opposing the doctrines of Osiander. This sect deny that man is made just, but is only imputatively just, that is, pronounced so.

Encyc.

Anvil

AN'VIL, noun [Saxon anfilt, oenfilt; Dutch aanbeeld; Old anvelt. The first syllable seems to be the preposition on, from the Belgic dialect aan. The last syllable is from the verb build; in Germ. bilden, to form or shape, and bild, an image or form, which in

Dutch is beeld. To build is to shape, to form, and anvil, that is, on build, is that on which things are shaped. The Latin word incus, incudis, is formed by a like analogy from in and cudo, to hammer, or shape; and the same ideas are connected in the Celtic; Welsh eingion; Irish inneon, anvil, and inneonam, to strike.]

An iron block with a smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their work. Figuratively, any thing on which blows are laid.

Shak.

To be on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion, formation or preparation; as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. This figure bears an analogy to that of discussion, a shaking or beating.

Anxiety

ANXI'ETY, noun angzi'ety. [Latin anxietas, from anxius, solicitous; Latin ango. See Anger.]

1. Concern or solicitude respecting some event, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness. It expresses more than uneasiness or disturbance, and even more than trouble or solicitude. It usually springs from fear or serious apprehension of evil, and involves a suspense respecting an event, and often, a perplexity of mind, to know how to shape our conduct.

2. In medical language, uneasiness; unceasing restlessness in sickness.

Anxious

ANX'IOUS, adjective ank'shus. Greatly concerned or solicitous, respecting something future or unknown; being in painful suspense; applied to persons; as, to be anxious for the issue of a battle.

2. Full of solicitude; unquiet; applied to things; as anxious thoughts or labor.

3. Very careful; solicitous; as, anxious to please; anxious to commit no mistake.

It is followed by for or about, before the object.

Anxiously

ANX'IOUSLY, adverb In an anxious manner; solicitously; with painful uncertainty; carefully; unquietly.

Anxiousness

ANX'IOUSNESS, noun The quality of being anxious; great solicitude.

Johnson.

Any

AN'Y, a. en'ny. [Saxon anig, oenig; Dutch eenig; German einig. This word is a compound of an, one, and ig, which, in the Teutonic dialects, is the ic of the Latins, mus-ic-us. Any is unic-us, one-like.]

1. One indefinitely.

Nor knoweth any man the Father, save the Son. Math xi.

If a soul shall sin against any of the commandments. Leviticus 4.

2. Some; an indefinite number, plurally; for though the word is formed from one, it often refers to many. Are there any witnesses present? The sense seems to be a small, uncertain number.

3. Some; an indefinite quantity; a small portion.

Who will show us any good? Psalm 4.

4. It is often used as a substitute, the person or thing being understood.

And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have aught against any. Mark 11.

If any lack wisdom, let him ask it of God. James 1.

It is used in opposition to none. Have you any wheat to sell? I have none.

Any-Wise

ANY-WISE is sometimes used adverbially, but the two words may be separated, and used with a preposition, in any wise.

Aonian

AO'NIAN, adjective [From Aonia, a part of Boeotia, in Greece.]

Pertaining to the muses, or to Aonia, in Boeotia. The Aonian fount was Aganippe, at the foot of mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the muses. Hence the muses were called Aonides. Dryden, Virg. Eclogue. 10. 12. But in truth, Aonia itself is formed from the Celtic aon, a spring or fountain, [the fabled son of Neptune,] and this word gave name to Aonia. As the muses were fond of springs, the word was applied to the muses, and to mountains which were their favorite residence, as to Parnassus.

Milton.

Aorist

A'ORIST, noun [Greek, indefinite, of a priv. and, limit.]

The name of certain tenses in the grammar of the Greek language, which express time indeterminate, that is, either past, present or future.

Aoristic

AORIST'IC, adjective Indefinite; pertaining to an aorist, or indefinite tense.

Aorta

AORT'A, noun [Greek, the great artery; also an ark or chest.]

The great artery, or trunk of the arterial system; proceeding from the left ventricle of the heart, and giving origin to all the arteries, except the pulmonary arteries. It first rises, when it is called the ascending aorta; then makes a great curve, when it gives off branches to the head, and upper extremities; then proceeds downwards, called the descending aorta, when it gives off branches to the trunk; and finally divides into the two iliacs, which supply the pelvis and lower extremities.

Cyc. Parr.

Aortal

AORT'AL, adjective Pertaining to the aorta, or great artery.

Darwin.

Aouta

AOU'TA, noun The paper-mulberry tree in Otaheite, from whose bark is manufactured a cloth worn by the inhabitants.

Encyc.

Apace

APA'CE, adverb [a and pace.]

With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily; with haste; hastily; applied to things in motion or progression; as, birds fly apace; weeds grow apace.

Apagoge

AP'AGOGE, or AP'AGOGY, noun [Greek from, to draw aside, of, from, and, to drive.]

1. In logic, abduction; a kind of argument, wherein the greater extreme is evidently contained in the medium, but the medium not so evidently in the lesser extreme, as not to require further proof. Thus, ``All whom God absolves are free from sin; but God absolves all who are in Christ; therefore all who are in Christ are free from sin.' The first proposition is evident; but the second may require further proof, as that God received full satisfaction for sin, by the suffering of Christ.

2. In mathematics, a progress or passage from one proposition to another, when the first, having been demonstrated, is employed in proving others.

3. In the Athenian law, the carrying a criminal, taken in the fact, to a magistrate.

Encyc.

Apagogical

APAGOG'ICAL, adjective An apagogical demonstration is an indirect way of proof, by showing the absurdity or impossibility of the contrary.

Apalachian

APALACH'IAN, adjective Pertaining to the Apalaches a tribe of Indians, in the western part of Georgia. Hence the word is applied to the mountains in or near their country, which are in fact the southern extremity of the Alleghanean ridges.

Apanthropy

APAN'THROPY, noun [Greek, from, and, man.]

An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

Encyc.

Aparithmesis

APARITH'MESIS, noun [Greek] In rhetoric, enumeration.

Apart

AP'ART, adverb [a and part; French apartÃƒ-©. See Part.]

1. Separately; at a distance; in a state of separation, as to place.

Jesus departed thence into a desert place apart. Matthew 14.

2. In a state of distinction, as to purpose, use or character.

The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Psalm 4.

3. Distinctly; separately; as, consider the two propositions apart.

4. Aside; in exclusion of; as, apart from all regard to his morals, he is not qualified, in other respects, for the office he holds.

Apartment

AP`ARTMENT, noun [French apartement, or appartement, of ab or a, from, and partir, to depart. See Part.]

A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions; a place separated by inclosure.

Apathetic

APATHET'IC, adjective Void of feeling; free from passion; insensible.

Harris.

Apathy

AP'ATHY, noun [Greek priv. and, passion.]

Want of feeling; an utter privation of passion, or insensibility to pain; applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is stoicism, a calmness of mind incapable of being ruffled by pleasure, pain or passion. In the first ages of the church, the christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.

Quietism is apathy disguised under the appearance of devotion.

Encyc.

Apatite

AP'ATITE, noun [from Greek, to deceive; it having been often mistaken for other minerals.]

A variety of phosphate of lime; generally crystalized in low, flat, hexahedral prisms, sometimes even tabular. Its powder phosphoresces on burning coals.

The phosporite of Werner includes the massive and earthy varieties of the phosphate, which are distinguished from the apatite, by their containing a small portion of fluoric acid.

Cleaveland.

Ape

APE, noun [Dutch aap; Danish abe; Saxon Swedish and Irish apa; Icelandic ape; Germ. affe; Welsh ab, or epa, so named from the celerity of its motions.]

1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone of both continents, of a great variety of species. In common use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and baboons; but in zoology, ape is limited to such of these animals as have no tails; while those with short tails are called baboons, and those with long ones, monkeys. These animals have four cutting teeth in each jaw, and two canine teeth, with obtuse grinders. The feet are formed like hands, with four fingers and a thumb, and flat nails. Apes are lively, full of frolic and chatter, generally untamable, thieving and mischievous. They inhabit the forests, and live on fruits, leaves and insects.

Encyc.

2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the manners of the ape; a silly fellow.

Ape

APE, verb transitive To imitate servilely; to mimic, as an ape imitates human actions. Weak persons are always prone to ape foreigners.

Apeak

APE'AK, adverb [a and peak, a point. See Peak.]

1. On the point; in a posture to pierce.

Johnson.

2. In seamen's language, perpendicular. The anchor is apeak, when the cable is drawn so as to bring the ship directly over it.

Mar. Dict.

Apennine

AP'ENNINE, adjective [Latin apenninus; ad and penninus, an epithet applied to a peak or ridge of the Alps. Livy. Celtic pen or ben, the peak of a mountain, or in general, a mountain.]

Pertaining to or designating a chain of mountains, which extend from the plains of Piedmont, round the gulf of Genoa, to the center of Italy, and thence south east to the extremity.

Apennine

AP'ENNINE, or AP'ENNINES, noun The mountains above described.

Apepsy

APEP'SY, noun [Greek priv. and, to digest.]

Defective digestion; indigestion. [Little used.]

Coxe. Encyc.

Aper

A'PER, noun One who apes. In zoology, the wild boar.

Aperient

APE'RIENT, adjective [Latin aperiens, aperio; Spanish Portugese abrir; Italian aprire; French ouvrir.]

Opening; that has the quality of opening; deobstruent; laxative.

Aperient

APE'RIENT, noun A medicine which promotes the circulation of the fluids, by removing obstructions; a laxative; a deobstruent; as, smallage, fennel, asparagus, parsley, and butcher's broom.

Encyc.

Aperitive

APER'ITIVE, adjective Opening; deobstruent; aperient.

Harvey. Fotherby.

Apert

APERT', adjective [Latin apertus.] Open; evident; undisguised. [Not used.]

Apertion

APER'TION, noun The act of opening; the state of being opened; an opening; a gap, aperture, or passage. [Little used.]

Wiseman. Wotton.

Apertly

APERT'LY, adverb Openly. [Little used.]

Bale.

Apertness

APERT'NESS, noun [Latin apertus.] Openness.

[Rarely used.]

Holder.

Apertor

APERT'OR, noun A muscle that raises the upper eye lid.

Quincy.

Aperture

AP'ERTURE, noun The act of opening; more generally, an opening; a gap, cleft or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole through any solid substance.

Holder. Newton.

2. An opening of meaning; explanation. [Not used.]

Taylor.

3. In geometry, the space between two right lines, forming an angle.

Encyc.

Apetalous

APET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek neg. and, a flower-leaf or petal.]

In botany, having no petals, or flower-leaves; having no corol.

Martyn.

Apetalousness

APET'ALOUSNESS, noun A state of being without petals.

Apex

A'PEX, noun plu. apexes. [Latin apex, plu. apices.] The tip, point or summit of any thing. In antiquity, the cap of a flamen or priest; the crest of a helmet. In grammar, the mark of a long syllable. In botany, the anther of flowers, or tops of the stamens, like knobs.

Martyn.

Aphanite

APH'ANITE, noun [Greek priv. and, to appear.]

In mineralogy, compact amphibole in a particular state.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Aphelion

APHE'LION, noun [Greek, from, and, the sun.]

That point of a planet's orbit which is most distant from the sun; opposed to perihelion.

Apheresis

APHERE'SIS, noun [Greek, from, and, to take.]

1. The taking of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word. Thus by an apheresis, omittere is written, mittere.

Encyc.

2. In the healing art, the removal of any thing noxious. In surgery, amputation.

Quincy.

Aphidivorous

APHIDIV'OROUS, adjective [of aphis, the puceron or vine fretter, and voro, to eat.]

Eating, devouring, or subsisting on the aphis, or plant-louse.

Darwin.

Aphilanthropy

APHILAN'THROPY, noun [of neg. and, of, to love, and, man.]

Want of love to mankind. In medicine, the first stage of melancholy, when solitude is preferred to society.

Coxe.

Aphis

A'PHIS, noun In zoology, the puceron, vine fretter, or plant-louse; a genus of insects, belonging to the order of hemipters. The aphis is furnished with an inflected beak, and with feelers longer than the thorax. In the same species, some individuals have four erect wings, and others are entirely without wings. The feet are of the ambulatory kind, and the belly usually ends in two horns, from which is ejected the substance called honey-dew. The species are very numerous.

Encyc.

Aphlogistic

APHLOGIS'TIC, adjective [Greek priv. and, inflammable.]

Flameless; as an aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.

Comstock.

Aphony

APH'ONY, noun [Greek priv. and, voice.]

A loss of voice; a palsy of the tongue; dumbness; catalepsy.

Johnson. Coxe.

Aphorism

APH'ORISM, noun [Greek, determination, distinction; from, to separate.]

A maxim; a precept, or principle expressed in few words; a detached sentence containing some important truth; as, the aphorisms of Hippocrates, or of the civil law.

Encyc.

Aphorismer

APHORISM'ER, noun A dealer in aphorisms.

Milton.

Aphoristic

APHORIS'TIC, or APHORIS'TICAL, adjective In the form of an aphorism; in the form of short unconnected sentences; as an aphoristic style.

Aphoristically

APHORIS'TICALLY, adverb In the form or manner of aphorisms.

Aphrite

APH'RITE, noun [Greek, froth; the schaum erde, or earth scum, of Werner; the silvery chalk of Kirwan.]

A subvariety of carbonate of lime, occuring in small masses, solid or tender and friable. It is composed of lamels or scales, of a pearly luster. It is connected by insensible shades with argentine.

Jameson. Cleaveland.

Aphrizite

APH'RIZITE, noun A variety of black tourmalin.

Phillips.

Aphrodisiac

APHRODIS'IAC, or APHRODISI'ACAL, adjective [Greek, venereal, Venus, from, froth.]

Exciting venereal desire; increasing the appetite for sexual connection.

Aphrodisiac

APHRODIS'IAC, noun A provocative to venery.

Encyc. Quincy.

Aphrodite

APH'RODITE, noun [Greek.] A follower of Venus.

Cleaveland.

Aphrodite

APH'RODITE, or APHRODI'TA, noun In zoology, a genus of the order of Molluscas, called also sea-mouse. The body is oval, with many small protuberances or tentacles on each side, which serve as feet. The mouth is cylindrical, at one end of the body, with two bristly tentacles, and capable of being retracted.

Encyc.

2. A name of Venus, so called from Greek, froth, from which the goddess was supposed to have been produced. [See Venus.]

Aphthong

APH'THONG, noun [Greek, without, and, sound.]

A letter or combination of letters, which, in the customary pronunciation of a word, have no sound.

Focaloir, or Dict. of the Hiberno-Celtic Language.

Aphthous

APH'THOUS, adjective [Greek, ulcers in the mouth.]

Pertaining to thrush; of the nature of thrush or ulcerous affections of the mouth.

Bigelow.

Aphyllous

APH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek neg. and, folium, a leaf.]

In botany, destitute of leaves, as the rush, mushrooms, garlic, some sea-weeds, &c.

Milne.

Apiary

A'PIARY, noun [Latin apiarium, of apis, a bee.] The place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees.

Apiaster

A'PIASTER, noun [From apis, a bee.]

The bird called a bee-eater, a species of merops. The apiaster has an iron colored back, and a belly of bluish green.

Encyc.

Apices

A'PICES, A'PEXES. [See Apex, and Anther.]

Apiece

APIE'CE, adverb [a and piece.]

To each; noting the share of each; as here is an orange apiece.

Apis

A'PIS, noun In mythology, an ox, worshiped in ancient Egypt, or a divinity or idol in the figure of an ox.

Apis

A'PIS, noun [Latin] In zoology, the bee, a genus of insects, of the order of hymenopters. The mouth has two jaws, and a proboscis infolded in a double sheath; the wings are four, the two foremost covering the hinder ones when at rest. The females and working bees have a sting.

Encyc.

Apish

A'PISH, adjective [See Ape.] Having the qualities of an ape; inclined to imitate in a servile manner; hence, foolish, foppish, affected, trifling, insignificant; as, an apish fellow; apish manners.

Apishly

A'PISHLY, adverb In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.

Apishness

A'PISHNESS, noun The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.

Apitpat

APIT'PAT, With quick beating or palpitation; a word formed from the sound, pit and pat, or from beat.

Aplanatic

APLANAT'IC, adjective [Greek neg. and, to wander.]

An aplanatic telescope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of the rays of light. It is thus distinguished from the achromatic, which only partially corrects the aberration.

Ed. Encyc.

Aplome

APLO'ME, noun [Greek, simple.]

A mineral closely allied to garnet. It is considered by Jameson, as crystalized common garnet. It is a rare mineral, found in dodecahedrons, with rhombic faces, supposed to be derived from the cube, by one of the most simple laws of decrement, that of a single range of particles, parallel to all the edges of a cube.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland.

Apluster

APLUS'TER, or APLUS'TRE, noun [Latin from Greek, the summit of the poop of a ship.]

An ensign, or ornament carried by ancient ships. It was shaped like a plume of feathers, fastened on the neck of a goose or swan, and to this was attached a party-colored ribin, to indicate the course of the wind.

Addison. Encyc.

Apocalypse

APOC'ALYPSE, n. apoc'alyps. [Greek from, to disclose; and, to cover.]

Revelation; discovery; disclosure. The name of a book of the New Testament, containing many discoveries or predictions respecting the future state of Christianity, written by St. John 1n Patmos, near the close of the first century.

Apocalyptic

APOCALYP'TIC, or APOCALYP'TICAL, adjective Containing or pertaining to revelation; disclosing.

Apocalyptically

APOCALYP'TICALLY, adverb By revelation; in the manner of disclosure.

Apocopate

APOC'OPATE, v.t. [See apocope.]

To cut off, or drop the last letter or syllable of a word.

Apocopated

APOC'OPATED, participle passive Shortened by the omission of the last letter or syllable.

M. Stuart.

Apocopating,

APOC'OPATING, participle of the present tense Cutting off, or omitting the last letter or syllable.

Apocope

APOC'OPE, or APOC'OPY, noun [Greek, abscission, of, and to cut.]

The cutting off, or omission of the last letter or syllable of a word; as di for dii.

Apocrisary

APOC'RISARY, noun [Greek from, answer; to answer.]

Anciently a resident in an imperial city, in the name of a foreign church or bishop, answering to the modern nuncio. He was a proctor, in the emperor's court, to negotiate, and transact business for his constituent.

Encyc. Spelman.

Apocrustic

APOCRUST'IC, adjective [Greek, from and, to drive from.]

Astringent; repelling.

Apocrustic

APOCRUST'IC, noun A medicine which constringes, and repels the humors; a repellent.

Quincy. Coxe.

Apocrypha

APOC'RYPHA, noun [Greek from, to conceal.]

Literally such things as are not published; but in an appropriate sense, books whose authors are not known; whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not admitted, and which are therefore not considered a part of the sacred canon of the scripture. When the Jews published their sacred books, they called them canonical and divine; such as they did not publish, were called apocryphal. The apocryphal books are received by the Romish Church as canonical, but not by Protestants.

Encyc.

Apocryphal

APOC'RYPHAL, adjective Pertaining to the apocrypha; not canonical; of uncertain authority or credit; false; fictitious.

Congreve. Hooker.

Apocryphally

APOC'RYPHALLY, adverb Uncertainly; not indisputably.

Apocryphalness

APOC'RYPHALNESS, noun Uncertainty, as to authenticity; doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness.

Apodal

AP'ODAL, adjective [See Apode.]

Without feet; in zoology, destitute of ventral fins.

Apode

AP'ODE, noun [Greek a priv. and, foot.]

An animal that has no feet, applied to certain fabulous fowls, which are said to have no legs, and also to some birds that have very short legs.

In zoology, the apodes are an order of fishes, which have no ventral fins; the first order in Linne's system.

Encyc.

Apodictic

APODIC'TIC, or APODIC'TICAL, adjective [Greek, evidence, of, and, to show.]

Demonstrative; evident beyond contradiction; clearly proving. [Little used.]

Brown. Glanville.

Apodictically

APODIC'TICALLY, adverb So as to be evident beyond contradiction.

Apodosis

APOD'OSIS, noun [Greek] The application or latter part of a similitude.

Mede.

Apogee

AP'OGEE, noun [apogeon, apogeum; Greek, from, and, the earth.]

That point in the orbit of a planet, which is at the greatest distance from the earth. The ancients regarded the earth as fixed in the center of the system, and therefore assigned to the sun, with the planets, an apogee; but the moderns, considering the sun as the center, use the terms perihelion and aphelion, to denote the least and greatest distance of the planets from that orb. The sun's apogee therefore is in strictness, the earth's aphelion. Apogee is properly applicable to the moon.

Encyc. Johnson.

Apogon

AP'OGON, noun A fish of the Mediterranean, the summit of whose head is elevated.

Apograph

AP'OGRAPH, noun [Greek;] An exemplar; a copy or transcript.

Ash.

Apollinarian

APOLLINA'RIAN, adjective [From Apollo.]

The Apollinarian games, in Roman antiquity, were celebrated in honor of Apollo; instituted A. R. 542. after the battle of Cannae. They were merely scenical, with exhibitions of music, dances and various mountebank tricks.

Encyc.

Apollinarians

APOLLINA'RIANS, in Church history, a sect, deriving their name from Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, in the 4th Century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ; maintaining that his body was endowed with a sensitive, and not with a rational soul; and that the divine nature supplied the place of the intellectual principle in man.

Encyc. Hooker.

Apollo-Belvidere, an ancient statue of the first class in excellence.

Apollyon

APOL'LYON, noun [Greek, destroying.]

The destroyer; a name used Revelation 9:11for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.

Apologetic

APOLOGET'IC, or APOLOGET'ICAL, adjective [Greek, to speak in defense of; and, speech.]

Defending by words or arguments; excusing; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; as an apologetic essay.

Boyle.

Apologetically

APOLOGET'ICALLY, adverb By way of apology or excuse.

Apologist

APOL'OGIST, noun [See Apology.]

One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of another.

Apologize

APOL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To make an apology; to write or speak in favor of, or to make excuse for; followed by for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my letter.

Apologue

AP'OLOGUE, n. ap'olog. [Greek, a long speech, a fable.]

A moral fable; a story or relation of fictious events, intended to convey useful truths. An apologue differs from a parable in this; the parable is drawn from events which pass among mankind, and is therefore supported by probability; an apologue may be founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore does not require to be supported by probability. Esop's fables are good examples of apologues.

Encyc.

Apology

APOL'OGY, noun [Greek, of and, discourse.]

An excuse; something said or written in defense or extenuation of what appears to others wrong, or unjustifiable; or of what may be liable to disapprobation. It may be an extenuation of what is not perfectly justifiable, or a vindication of what is or may be disapproved, but which the apologist deems to be right. A man makes an apology for not fulfilling an engagement, or for publishing a pamphlet. An apology then is a reason or reasons assigned for what is wrong or may appear to be wrong, and it may be either an extenuation or a justification of something that is or may be censured, by those who are not acquainted with the reasons.

Aponeurosis

APONEURO'SIS, or APONEU'ROSY, noun [Greek, from, and, a nerve; Welsh nerth; Armoric nerz. See Nerve.]

An expansion of a tendon in the manner of a membrane; the tendinous expansion or fascia of muscles; the tendon or tail of a muscle.

Encyc. Coxe.

Apopemptic

APOPEMP'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, and, to send.]

Denoting a song or hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stranger, on his departure from a place to his own country. It may be used as a noun for the hymn.

Encyc.

Apophasis

APOPH'ASIS, noun [Greek, from, and, form of speech.]

In rhetoric, a waving or omission of what one, speaking ironically, would plainly insinuate; as, "I will not mention another argument, which, however, if I should, you could not refute."

Smith. Johnson.

Apophlegmatic

APOPHLEGMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, from, and, phlegm.]

Masticatory; having the quality of exciting discharges of phlegm from the mouth or nostrils.

Apophlegmatic

APOPHLEGMAT'IC, noun A masticatory; a medicine which excites discharges of phlegm from the mouth or nostrils.

Coxe.

Apophlegmatism

APOPHLEG'MATISM, noun An apophlegmatic.

Bacon.

Apophlegmatizant

APOPHLEGMAT'IZANT, noun An apophlegmatic.

Quincy. Coxe.

Apophthegm

AP'OPHTHEGM, or AP'OTHEM, noun [Greek, from, and, word. It would be eligible to reduce this harsh word to apothem.]

A remarkable saying; a short, sententious, instructive remark, uttered on a particular occasion, or by a distinguished character; as that of Cyrus, "He is unworthy to be a magistrate, who is not better than his subjects;" or that of Cato, "Homines nihil agendo, discunt male agere;" men by doing nothing, soon learn to do mischief.

Apophyge

APOPH'YGE, or APOPH'YGY, noun [Greek, from, and, flight.]

1. In architecture, the part of a column, where it springs out of its base; originally a ring or ferrel to bind the extremities of columns, and keep them from splitting; afterwards imitated in stone pillars. It is sometimes called the spring of the column.

Chambers.

2. A concave part or ring of a column, lying above or below the flat member, called by the French le congÃƒ-© d'en bas, or d'en haut; by the Italians, cavo di basso, or di sopra; also, il vivo di basso.

Encyc.

Apophyllite

APOPH'YLLITE, noun [Greek, from, and, a leaf; so called because of its tendency to exfoliate.]

A mineral occurring in laminated masses or in regular prismatic crystals, having a strong and peculiar pearly luster. Its structure is foliated, and when a fragment is forcibly rubbed against a hard body, it separates into thin lamens, like selenite. It exfoliates also before the flame of a lamp. From its peculiar luster, it is sometimes called by the harsh name, ichthyophthalmite, fish-eye stone.

Cleaveland.

Apophysis

APOPH'YSIS, or APOPH'YSY, noun [Greek, from, and, growth.]

The projecting soft end or protuberance of a bone; a process of a bone.

Quincy. Encyc. Coxe.

Apoplectic

APOPLEC'TIC, or APOPLEC'TICAL, adjective [See apoplexy.] Pertaining to or consisting in apoplexy, as an apoplectic fit; or predisposed to apoplexy, as an apoplectic habit of body.

Apoplectic

APOPLEC'TIC, noun A person affected by apoplexy.

Knatchbull.

Apoplexed

AP'OPLEXED, adjective Affected with apoplexy.

Shak.

Apoplexy

AP'OPLEXY, noun [Greek, of, from, and, to strike.]

A sudden deprivation of all sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by repletion or whatever interrupts the action of the nerves upon the muscles.

Cullen.

Dryden, for the sake of measure, uses apoplex, for apoplexy.

Aporon

AP'ORON, or AP'ORIME, noun [See Apory.] A problem difficult to be resolved.

Encyc.

Apory

AP'ORY, or APO'RIA, noun [Greek, from, inops concilii, of a and, way or passage.]

1. In rhetoric, a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to say, on account of the variety of matter.

Smith.

2. In the medical art, febrile anxiety; uneasiness; restlessness, from obstructed perspiration, or the stoppage of any natural secretion.

Coxe.

Aposiopesis

APOSIOPE'SIS, or APOSIO'PESY, noun [Greek, of, and, to be silent.]

Reticency or suppression; as when a speaker for some cause, as fear, sorrow, or anger, suddenly breaks off his discourse, before it is ended; or speaks of a thing, when he makes a show as if he would say nothing on the subject; or aggravates what he pretends to conceal, by uttering a part and leaving the remainder to be understood.

Smith. Johnson. Encyc.

Apostasy

APOS'TASY, noun [Greek, a defection, of, to depart, and.]

1. An abandonment of what one has professed; a total desertion, or departure from one's faith or religion.

2. The desertion from a party to which one has adhered.

3. Among physicians, the throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone, or the various solution of disease.

Coxe.

4. An abscess.

Encyc.

Apostate

APOS'TATE, noun [Greek.]

One who has forsaken the church, sect or profession to which he before adhered. In its original sense, applied to one who has abandoned his religion; but correctly applied also to one who abandons a political or other party.

Apostate

APOS'TATE, adjective False; traitorous.

Spenser.

Apostatical

APOSTAT'ICAL, adjective After the manner of an apostate.

Sandys.

Apostatize

APOS'TATIZE, verb intransitive To abandon one's profession or church; to forsake principles or faith which one has professed; or the party to which one has been attached.

Worthington.

Apostatizing

APOS'TATIZING, participle of the present tense Abandoning a church, profession, sect or party.

Apostemate

APOS'TEMATE, verb intransitive To form into an abscess; to swell and fill with pus.

Apostemation

APOSTEMA'TION, noun The formation of an aposteme; the process of gathering into an abscess; written corruptly impost-humation.

Apostematous

APOSTEM'ATOUS, adjective Pertaining to an abscess; partaking of the nature of an aposteme.

Journ. of Science.

Aposteme

AP'OSTEME, noun [Greek, from, to go off, to recede; and, to stand.]

An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter; written also corruptly imposthume.

A-Posteriori

A-POSTERIORI, [Latin posterior, after.]

Arguments a posteriori, are drawn from effects, consequences or facts; in opposition to reasoning a priori, or from causes previously known.

Apostle

APOS'TLE, n. apos'l. [Latin apostolus; Greek, from, to send away, of, and, to send; German stellen, to set.]

A person deputed to execute some important business; but appropriately, a disciple of Christ commissioned to preach the gospel. Twelve persons were selected by Christ for this purpose; and Judas, one of the number, proving an apostate, his place was supplied by Matthias. Acts 1.

The title of apostle is applied to Christ himself, Hebrew 3. In the primitive ages of the church, other ministers were called apostles, Romans 16; as were persons sent to carry alms from one church to another,

Philippians 2. This title was also given to persons who first planted the Christian faith. Thus Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France; and the Jesuit Missionaries are called apostles.

Among the Jews, the title was given to officers who were sent into distant provinces, as visitors or commissioners, to see the laws observed.

Apostle, in the Greek liturgy, is a book containing the epistles of St. Paul, printed in the order in which they are to be read in churches, through the year.

Encyc.

Apostle-Ship

APOS'TLE-SHIP, noun The office or dignity of an apostle.

Apostolate

APOS'TOLATE, noun A mission; the dignity or office of an apostle. Ancient writers use it for the office of a bishop; but it is now restricted to the dignity of the pope, whose see is called the Apostolic See.

Encyc.

Apostolic

APOSTOL'IC, or APOSTOL'ICAL, adjective Pertaining or relating to the apostles, as the apostolic age.

2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as apostolic faith or practice.

Apostolic constitutions, a collection of regulations attributed to the apostles, but generally supposed to be spurious. They appeared in the 4th century; are divided into eight books, and consist of rules and precepts relating to the duties of christians, and particularly, to the ceremonies and discipline of the church.

Apostolic Fathers, an appellation given to the christian writers of the first century.

Apostolically

APOSTOL'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of the apostles.

Apostolicalness

APOSTOL'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being apostolical, or according to the doctrines of the apostles.

Apostolics

APOSTOL'ICS, noun Certain sects so called from their pretending to imitate the practice of the apostles, abstaining from marriage, from wine, flesh, pecuniary reward &c., and wandering about clothed in white, with long beards, and bare heads. Sagarelli, the founder of one of these sects, was burnt at Parma in 1300.

Encyc.

Apostrophe

APOS'TROPHE, or APOS'TROPHY, noun [Greek, from, and, a turning.]

In rhetoric, a diversion of speech; a digressive address; a changing the course of a speech, and addressing a person who is dead or absent, as if present; or a short address introduced into a discourse, directed to some person, different from the party to which the main discourse is directed; as when an advocate, in an argument to the jury, turns and addresses a few remarks to the court.

Encyc. Smith.

2. In grammar, the contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by a comma, as call'd for called. The comma used for this purpose may also be called an apostrophe.

Apostrophic

APOS'TROPHIC, adjective Pertaining to an apostrophe; noting the contraction of a word.

Murray.

Apostrophize

APOS'TROPHIZE, verb intransitive or t. To make an apostrophe, or short detached address in speaking; to address by apostrophy.

2. verb transitive To contract a word by omitting a letter or letters.

3. To mark with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter.

Apostrophized

APOS'TROPHIZED, participle passive Addressed by way of digression; contracted by the omission of a letter or letters; marked by an apostrophy.

Apostrophizing

APOS'TROPHIZING, participle of the present tense Addressing in a digression; contracting or marking by apostrophy.

Apostume

AP'OSTUME, noun An aposteme, which see.

Apotactite

APOTAC'TITE, noun [Greek, from, to renounce; and, to ordain.]

One of a sect of ancient christians, who, in imitation of the first believers, renounced all their effects and possessions.

Encyc.

Apothecary

APOTH'ECARY, noun [Latin and Greek apotheca, a repository, from, to deposit or lay aside, or from, a chest.]

1. One who practices pharmacy; one who prepares drugs for medicinal uses, and keeps them for sale. In England, apothecaries are obliged to prepare medicines according to the formulas prescribed by the college of physicians, and are liable to have their shops visited by the censors of the college, who have power to destroy medicines which are not good.

2. In the middle ages, an apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse; and an officer appointed to take charge of a magazine.

Encyc.

Apothegm

AP'OTHEGM, or AP'OTHEM, noun [See Apophthegm.]

A remarkable saying; a short, instructive remark.

Apothegmatic

APOTHEGMAT'IC or APOTHEGMAT'ICAL, adjective In the manner of an apothem.

Warton.

Apothegmatist

APOTHEG'MATIST, noun A collector or maker of apothems.

Pope.

Apothegmatize

APOTHEG'MATIZE, verb transitive To utter apothems or short instructive sentences.

Apotheme

AP'OTHEME, noun [See Apothecary.]

In Russia, an apothecary's shop, or a shop for the preparation and sale of medicines.

Tooke.

Apotheosis

APOTHE'OSIS, noun [Greek, of, and, God.]

Deification; consecration; the act of placing a prince or other distinguished person among the heathen deities. This honor was often bestowed on illustrious men in Rome, and followed by the erection of temples, and the institution of sacrifices to the new deity.

Encyc.

Apothesis

APOTH'ESIS, noun [Greek, and, to put back.]

1. The reduction of a dislocated bone.

Coxe.

2. A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, &c.

Wheler.

Apotome

APOT'OME, or APOT'OMY, noun [Greek, to cut off.]

1. In mathematics, the difference between two incommensurable quantities.

Cyc.

2. In music, that portion of a tone major which remains after deducting from it an interval, less by a comma, than a semitone major.

Busby.

The difference between a greater and lesser semitone, expressed by the ratio 128; 125. The Greeks supposing the greater tone could not be divided into two equal parts, called the difference, or smaller part, apotome; the other, limma.

Chambers. Encyc.

Apotrepsis

APOTREP'SIS, noun [Greek, and, to turn.]

The resolution of a suppurating tumor.

Coxe.

Apotropy

AP'OTROPY, noun [Greek, and, to turn.]

In ancient poetry, a verse or hymn composed for averting the wrath of incensed deities. The deities invoked were called apotropeans.

Encyc.

Apozem

AP'OZEM, noun [Greek, and, to boil.]

A decoction, in which the medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boiling.

Encyc. Wiseman.

Apozemical

APOZEM'ICAL, adjective Like a decoction.

Whitaker.

Appair

APPA'IR, verb transitive To impair. [Not in use.]

Appair

APPA'IR, verb intransitive To degenerate. [Not in use.]

Appall

APPALL', verb transitive [French palir; Latin palleo, to become pale. See Pale.]

1. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear, in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart.

2. To reduce, allay or destroy; as, to appall thirst. [Unusual.]

Thomson.

Appall

APPALL', v. i. To grow faint; to be dismayed.

Lidgate.

Appalled

APPALL'ED, participle passive Depressed or disheartened with fear; reduced.

Appalling

APPALL'ING, participle of the present tense Depressing with fear; reducing.

Appallment

APPALL'MENT, noun Depression occasioned by fear; discouragement.

Appanage

AP'PANAGE, noun [French apanage, an estate assigned to a younger son for his maintenance; an appendix, dependence, appurtenance; Italian appannaggio, an appendage. If this word is from the panage, panagium of the middle ages, it is from panis, food, provision; Italian panaggio, provision. This is probably the true origin of the word.]

1. Lands appropriated by a prince to the maintenance of his younger sons, as their patrimony; but on condition of the failure of male offspring, they were to revert to the donor or his heir. From the appanage it was customary for the sons to take their surnames.

Spelman.

2. Sustenance; means of nourishing.

WealthÃ‚--the appanage of wit.

Swift.

Apparatus

APPARA'TUS, noun plu. apparatuses. [Latin from apparo, to prepare, of ad and paro.]

1. Things provided as means to some end; as the tools of an artisan; the furniture of a house; instruments of war. In more technical language, a complete set of instruments or utensils, for performing any operation.

Cavallo. Encyc.

2. In surgery, the operation of cutting for the stone, of three kinds, the small, the great, and the high.

Encyc. Coxe.

Apparatus is also used as the title of several books, in the form of catalogues, bibliothecas, glossaries, dictionaries, &c.

Encyc.

Apparel

APPAR'EL, noun [French appareil, from parer, to dress or set off; Spanish aparejar; Latin paro, apparo, to prepare; Armoric para; Portugese aparelho, Spanish aparejo, tackle, whence parrel in seamen's language; Chaldee Hebrew, bara; Arabic. Class Br. No. 8. 10. 19.]

1. Clothing; vesture; garments; dress.

2. External habiliments or decorations; appearance; as, religion appears in the natural apparel of simplicity.

Glorious in apparel. Isaiah 63.

3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, rigging, anchors, &c.

Apparel

APPAR'EL, verb transitive To dress or clothe.

They who are gorgeously appareled are in kings courts. Luke 7.

2. To adorn with dress.

She did apparel her apparel.

Shak.

3. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to cover, as with garments; as, trees appareled with flowers; or a garden with verdure.

4. To furnish with external apparatus; as ships appareled for sea.

Appareled

APPAR'ELED, participle passive Dressed; clothed; covered as with dress; furnished.

Appareling

APPAR'ELING, participle of the present tense Dressing; clothing; covering as with dress; furnishing.

Apparence

APPA'RENCE, or APPA'RENCY, noun Appearance. [Not in use.]

Chaucer. Gower.

Apparent

APPA'RENT, adjective [See Appear.]

1. That may be seen, or easily seen; visible to the eye; within sight or view.

Atterbury.

2. Obvious; plain; evident; indubitable; as, the wisdom of the creator is apparent in his works.

3. Visible, in opposition to hid or secret; as, a man's apparent conduct is good.

4. Visible; appearing to the eye; seeming, in distinction from true or real, as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun.

Heirs apparent are those whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive the ancestor; in distinction from presumptive heirs, who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit, but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of other children.

Blackstone.

Apparently

APPA'RENTLY, adverb Openly; evidently; as, the goodness of God is apparently manifest in his works of providence.

2. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart.

Appartion

APPAR'TION, noun [See Appear.]

1. In a general sense, an appearance; visibility. [Little used.]

Milton.

2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form.

Milton. Shak.

3. A ghost; a specter; a visible spirit. [This is now the usual sense of the word.]

4. Mere appearance, opposed to reality.

Denham.

Apparitor

APPAR'ITOR, noun [Latin apparo, to prepare, or appareo, to attend.]

Among the Romans, any officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. In England, a messenger or officer who serves the process of a spiritual court, or a beadle in the university who carries the mace.

Encyc.

Appay

APPA'Y, verb transitive [Spanish and Portugese apagar.]

To satisfy. Obs. [See Pay.]

Sidney.

Appeach

APPE'ACH, verb transitive To accuse; to censure, or reproach. Obs. [See Impeach.]

Shak.

Appeachment

APPE'ACHMENT, noun Accusation; charge exhibited. Obs.

Wotton.

Appeal

APPE'AL, verb intransitive [French appeler; Italian appellare; Spanish apelar; Portugese appellar; Latin appello; ad and pello, to drive or send; Greek. We do not see the sense of call in pello, but to drive or press out, is the radical sense of calling, naming. This word coincides in elements with Latin balo, bawl, and peal. Class Bl.]

1. To refer to a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause depending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower court.

I appeal to Cesar. Acts 21.

2. To refer to another for the decision of a question controverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alledged.

Appeal

APPE'AL, verb transitive To call or remove a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court. This may be done after trial and judgment in the lower court; or by special statute or agreement, a party may appeal before trial, upon a fictitious issue and judgment. We say the cause was appealed before or after trial.

Appeal

APPE'AL, verb transitive In criminal law, to charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a criminal prosecution, for some hainous offense; as, to appeal a person of felony. This process was anciently given to a private person to recover the weregild, or private pecuniary satisfaction for an injury he had received by the murder of a relation, or by some personal injury.

Blackstone.

Appeal

APPE'AL, noun The removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior tribunal, as from a common pleas court to a superior or supreme court. Also the right of appeal.

2. An accusation; a process instituted by a private person against a man for some hainous crime by which he has been injured, as for murder, larciny, mayhem.

Blackstone.

3. A summons to answer to a charge.

Dryden.

4. A call upon a person; a reference to another for proof or decision.

In an oath, a person makes an appeal to the Deity for the truth of his declaration.

5. Resort; recourse.

Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms.

Kent.

Appealable

APPE'ALABLE, adjective That may be appealed; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable.

2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; applied to persons; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter.

Appealant

APPE'ALANT, noun One who appeals. [Not used.]

Shak.

Appealed

APPE'ALED, participle passive Removed to a higher court, as a cause; prosecuted for a crime by a private person, as a criminal.

Appealer

APPE'ALER, noun One who appeals; an appellor.

Appealing

APPE'ALING, participle of the present tense Removing a cause to a higher tribunal; prosecuting as a private person for an offense; referring to another for a decision.

Appear

APPE'AR, verb intransitive [Latin appareo, of ad and pareo, to appear, or be manifest; Italian apparire; Spanish parecer, aparecer; French apparoir, apparoitre. Class Br.]

1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to be visible.

The leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh Leviticus 13.

And God said, Let the dry land appear Genesis 1.

2. To become visible to the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind; a sense frequent in scripture.

The Lord appeared to Abram, and said. Genesis 12.

The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of the bush. Exodus 3.

3. To stand in presence of, as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be tried. The defendant, being called, did not appear.

We must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ. 2 Corinthians 5.

4. To be obvious; to be known, as a subject of observation or comprehension.

Let thy work appear to thy servant. Psalm 90.

It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John 3.

5. To be clear or made clear by evidence; as, this fact appears by ancient records.

But sin that it might appear sin. Romans 7.

6. To seem, in opposition to reality.

They disfigure their faces, that they may appear to men to fast. Matthew 6.

7. To be discovered, or laid open.

That thy shame may appear. Jeremiah 13.

Appear

APPE'AR, noun Appearance. Obs.

Appearance

APPE'ARANCE, noun The act of coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.

2. The thing seen; a phenomenon; as an appearance in the sky.

3. Semblance; apparent likeness.

There was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire. Numbers 9.

4. External show; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality or substance; as, we are often deceived by appearances; he has the appearance of virtue.

For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1 Samuel 16.

5. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; as, he made his first appearance at court or on the stage.

6. Exhibition of the character; introduction of a person to the public in a particular character, as a person makes his appearance in the world, as a historian, an artist, or an orator.

7. Probability; likelihood. Bacon. This sense is rather an inference from the third or fourth; as probability is inferred from external semblance or show.

8. Presence; mien; figure; as presented by the person, dress or manners; as, the lady made a noble appearance.

9. A being present in court; a defendant's filing common or special bail to a process.

10. An apparition.

Addison.

Appearer

APPE'ARER, noun The person that appears.

Brown.

Appearing

APPE'ARING, participle of the present tense Coming in sight; becoming evident; making an external show; seeming; having the semblance.

Appearing

APPE'ARING, noun The act of becoming visible; appearance.

Appeasable

APPE'ASABLE, adjective That may be appeased, quieted, calmed, or pacified.

Appeasableness

APPE'ASABLENESS, noun The quality of being appeasable.

Appease

APPE'ASE, v. t. s as z. [French apaiser, of ad and paix, peace; Latin pax. See Peace.]

1. To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst. [This word is of a general application to every thing in a disturbed, ruffled or agitated state.]

Appeased

APPE'ASED, participle passive Quieted; calmed; stilled; pacified.

Appeasement

APPE'ASEMENT, noun The act of appeasing; the state of being in peace.

Appeaser

APPE'ASER, noun One who appeases, or pacifies.

Appeasive

APPE'ASIVE, adjective Having the power to appease; mitigating; quieting.

Appellant

APPEL'LANT, noun [See Appeal.]

1. One who appeals, or removes a cause from a lower to a higher tribunal.

2. One who prosecutes another for a crime.

3. One who challenges, or summons another to single combat.

4. In church history, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus to a general council.

Blackstone. Encyc. Milton.

Appellate

APPEL'LATE, noun A person appealed, or prosecuted for a crime. [Not now used. See Appellee.]

Ayliffe.

Appellate

APPEL'LATE, adjective Pertaining to appeals; having cognizance of appeals; as "appelate jurisdiction."

Const. of the U. States.

Appellate judges. Burke, Revelation 1n France.

Appellation

APPELLA'TION, noun [Latin appellatio. See Appeal.]

Name; the word by which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for appeal.

Appellative

APPEL'LATIVE, adjective Pertaining to a common name; noting the common name of a species.

Appellative

APPEL'LATIVE, noun A common name in distinction from a proper name. A common name or appellative stands for a whole class, genus or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus man is the name of the whole human race, and fowl of all winged animals. Tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing, as, London, Philadelphia, Washington, Boston.

Appellatively

APPEL'LATIVELY, adverb According to the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used appellatively, that is, as a common name to signify a strong man.

Johnson.

Appellatory

APPEL'LATORY, adjective Containing an appeal.

Appellee

APPELLEE', noun The defendant in an appeal.

2. The person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man for a crime.

Blackstone.

Appellor

APPELLOR', noun The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime.

Blackstone.

This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed both to appellant and appellor.

Append

APPEND', verb transitive [Latin appendo, of ad and pendeo, to hang.]

1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; as, a seal appended to a record.

2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing.

Johnson.

Appendage

APPEND'AGE, noun Something added to a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.

Modesty is the appendage of sobriety.

Taylor.

Appendance

APPEND'ANCE, or APPEND'ENCE, noun Something annexed. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Appendant

APPEND'ANT, adjective Hanging to; annexed; belonging to something; attached; as, a seal appendant to a paper.

2. In law, common appendant, is a right, belonging to the owners or occupiers of land, to put commonable beasts upon the lord's waste, and upon the lands of other persons within the same manor. An advowson appendant, is the right of patronage or presentation, annexed to the possession of a manor. So also a common of fishing may be appendant to a freehold.

Blackstone. Cowel.

Appendant

APPEND'ANT, noun That which belongs to another thing, as incidental or subordinate to it.

Appended

APPEND'ED, participle passive Annexed; attached.

Appendicate

APPEND'ICATE, verb transitive To append; to add to. Obs.

Hale.

Appendication

APPENDICA'TION, noun An appendage or adjunct. Obs.

Hale.

Appendicle

APPEND'ICLE, noun A small appendage.

Appending

APPEND'ING, noun That which is by right annexed.

Spelman.

Appendix

APPEND'IX, noun plu. appendixes, [Latin The Latin plural is appendices. See Append.]

1. Something appended or added.

Normandy became an appendix to England.

Hale.

2. An adjunct, concomitant, or appendage.

Watts.

3. More generally, a supplement or short treatise added to a book.

Apperceive

APPERCE'IVE, verb transitive [French apercevoir.] To comprehend. Obs.

Chaucer.

Apperception

APPERCEP'TION, noun [ad and perception.]

Perception that reflects upon itself; consciousness.

Leibnitz. Reid.

Apperil

APPER'IL, noun Peril; danger. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Appertain

APPERTA'IN, verb intransitive [French appartenir; Italian appartenere; Latin ad and pertineo, to pertain, of per and teneo, to hold. Pertineo is to reach to, to extend to, hence to belong. See Tenant.]

To belong, whether by right, nature or appointment.

Give it to him to whom it appertaineth. Leviticus 6.

[See Pertain.]

Appertaining

APPERTA'INING, participle passive Belonging.

Appertainment

APPERTA'INMENT, noun That which belongs.

Shak.

Appertenence

APPER'TENENCE, noun [See Appurtenance.]

Appertinent

APPER'TINENT, adjective Belonging; now written appurtenant.

Shak.

Appertinent

APPER'TINENT, noun That which belongs to something else. Obs.

Shak.

[See Appurtenance.]

Appetence

AP'PETENCE, or AP'PETENCY, noun [Latin appetentia, appetens, from appeto, to desire; of ad and peto, to ask, supplicate or seek; Chaldee; Ethiopic to desire, to intreat; Danish beder; Dutch bidden; German bitten; Armoric pidi; bid; Saxon bidan; Swedish bedja;

Latin invito, compound. The primary sense is to strain, to urge or press, or to advance. See Bid. Class Bd.]

1. In a general sense, desire; but especially, carnal desire; sensual appetite.

2. The disposition of organized bodies to select and imbibe such portions of matter as serve to support and nourish them, or such particles as are designed, through their agency, to carry on the animal or vegetable economy.

These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or appetency, they absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate.

Darwin.

3. An inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim.

4. According to Darwin, animal appetency is synonymous with irritability or sensibility; as the appetency of the eye for light, of the paps to secrete milk, &c.

5. Attraction, or the tendency in bodies to move toward each other and unite.

Copernicus.

Appetent

AP'PETENT, adjective Desiring; very desirous.

Buck.

Appetibility

APPETIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being desirable for gratification.

Appetible

AP'PETIBLE, adjective [Low Latin appetibilis, from appeto.] Desirable; that may be the object of sensual desire.

Appetite

AP'PETITE, noun [Latin appetitus, from appeto. See Appetence.]

1. The natural desire of pleasure or good; the desire of gratification, either of the body or of the mind. Appetites are passions directed to general objects, as the appetite for fame, glory or riches; in distinction from passions directed to some particular objects, which retain their proper name, as the passion of love, envy or gratitude. Passion does not exist without an object; natural appetites exist first, and are then directed to objects.

Encyc.

2. A desire of food or drink; a painful sensation occasioned by hunger or thirst.

3. Strong desire; eagerness or longing.

Clarendon.

4. The thing desired.

Power being the natural appetite of princes.

Swift.

Appetites are natural or artificial. Hunger and thirst are natural appetites; the appetites for olives, tobacco, snuff, &c. are artificial.

In old authors, appetite is followed by to, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object, as an appetite for pleasure.

To be given to appetite, is to be voracious or gluttonous. Proverbs 23:2.

Appetition

APPETI'TION, noun [Latin appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.]

Appetitive

AP'PETITIVE, adjective That desires; that has the quality of desiring gratification; as appetitive power or faculty.

Hale.

Appian

AP'PIAN, adjective Designating something that belongs to Appius, particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundusium, now Brindisi, constructed by Appius Claudius, A. R. 441. It is more than 330 miles in length, formed of hard stone squared, and so wide as to admit two carriages abreast.

Livy. LemprÃƒ-¬ere.

Applaud

APPLAUD', verb transitive [Latin applaudo; ad and plaudo, to make a noise by clapping the hands; Spanish aplaudir; Italian applaudire; French applaudir. This word is formed on the root of laus, laudo; loud; Welsh clod, praise, from llod, what is forcibly uttered; llodi, to reach out; from llawd, that shoots out. It coincides also with Welsh bloez, a shout, or outcry; bloeziaw, to shout; blozest, applause, acclamation. Irish blaodh, a shout; blath, praise. These may all be of one family. Class Ld. See Loud.]

1. To praise by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.

2. To praise by words, actions or other means; to express approbation of; to commend; used in a general sense.

Pope.

Applauded

APPLAUD'ED, participle passive Praised by acclamation, or other means; commended.

Applauder

APPLAUD'ER, noun One who praises or commends.

Applauding

APPLAUD'ING, participle of the present tense Praising by acclamation; commending.

Applause

APPLAUSE', n. s as z. [Latin applausus.]

A shout of approbation; approbation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands, acclamation or huzzas; approbation expressed. In antiquity, applause differed from acclamation; applause was expressed by the hands, and acclamation by the voice. There were three species of applause, the bombus, a confused din made by the hands or mouth; the imbrices and testoe, made by beating a sort of sounding vessels in the theaters. Persons were appointed for the purpose of applauding, and masters were employed to teach the art. The applauders were divided into choruses, and placed opposite to each other, like the choristers in a cathedral.

Encyc.

Applausive

APPLAU'SIVE, adjective Applauding; containing applause.

Jonson.

Apple

AP'PLE, noun [Saxon appl, appil; Dutch appel; German apfel; Danish oeble; Swedish aple; Welsh aval; Irish abhal or ubhal; Armoric aval; Russian iabloko, or yabloko. This word primarily signifies fruit in general, especially of a round form. In Pers. the same word, pronounced ubhul, signifies the fruit or berries of the savin or juniper.

Castle.

In Welsh, it signifies not only the apple, but the plum and other fruits.

Lhuyd.

Aval melynhir, a lemon; aval euraid, an orange. Owen.]

1. The fruit of the apple tree, [pyrus malus,] from which cider is made.

2. The apple of the eye is the pupil.

Apple of love, or love apple, the tomato, or lycopersicum, a species of Solanum. The stalk is herbaceous, with oval, pinnated leaves, and small yellow flowers. The berry is smooth, soft, of a yellow or reddish color, of the size of a plum. It is used in soups and broths.

Encyc.

Apple

AP'PLE, verb transitive To form like an apple.

Marshal.

Apple-Graft

AP'PLE-GRAFT, noun A scion of the appletree engrafted.

Apple-Harvest

AP'PLE-HARVEST, noun The gathering of apples, or the time of gathering.

Apple-Pie

AP'PLE-PIE, noun A pie made of apples stewed or baked, inclosed in paste, or covered with paste, as in England.

Apple-Sauce

AP'PLE-SAUCE, noun A sauce made of stewed apples.

Apple-Tart

AP'PLE-TART, noun A tart made of apples baked on paste.

Apple-Tree

AP'PLE-TREE, noun A tree arranged by Linne under the genus pyrus. The fruit of this tree is indefinitely various. The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung. New varieties are springing annually from the seeds.

Apple-Woman

AP'PLE-WOMAN, noun A woman who sells apples and other fruit.

Apple-Yard

AP'PLE-YARD, noun An orchard; an inclosure for apples.

Appliable

APPLI'ABLE, adjective [See Apply.] That may be applied. This word is superseded by applicable.

Appliance

APPLI'ANCE, noun The act of applying, or thing applied. Obs.

Shak.

Applicability

APPLICABIL'ITY, noun [See Apply.] The quality of being applicable, or fit to be applied.

Applicable

AP'PLICABLE, adjective That may be applied; fit to be applied, as related to a thing; that may have relation to something else; as, this observation is applicable to the case under consideration.

Applicableness

AP'PLICABLENESS, noun Fitness to be applied; the quality of being applicable.

Applicably

AP'PLICABLY, adverb In such a manner that it may be applied.

Applicant

AP'PLICANT, noun One who applies; one who makes request; a petitioner.

The applicant for a cup of water declares himself to be the Messias.

Plumtree.

The court require the applicant to appear in person.

Z. Swift.

Applicate

AP'PLICATE, noun A right line drawn across a curve, so as to be bisected by the diameter; an ordinate.

Cyc.

Applicate-Ordinate

AP'PLICATE-ORDINATE. A right line at right angles applied to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.

Bailey.

Application

APPLICA'TION, noun [Latin applicatio. See Apply.]

1. The act of laying on; as the application of emollients to a diseased limb.

2. The thing applied; as, the pain was abated by the application.

3. The act of making request or soliciting; as, he made application to a court of chancery.

4. The act of applying as means; the employment of means; as, children may be governed by a suitable application of rewards and punishments. This is the first signification directed to moral objects.

5. The act of fixing the mind; intenseness of thought; close study; attention; as, to injure the health by application to study.

Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress might have been greater.

J. Jay.

6. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate the agreement or disagreement; as, I make the remark and leave you to make the application.

7. In theology, the act by which the merits of Christ are transferred to man, for his justification.

8. In geometry, a division for applying one quantity to another, whose areas, but not figures, shall be the same; or the transferring a given line into a circle or other figure, so that its ends shall be in the perimeter of the figure.

Encyc.

9. In sermons, that part of the discourse, in which the principles before laid down and illustrated, are applied to practical uses.

Applicative

AP'PLICATIVE, adjective That applies.

Bramhall.

Applicatory

AP'PLICATORY, adjective That includes the act of applying.

Edwards' Hist. of Redemption.

Applicatory

AP'PLICATORY, noun That which applies.

Taylor.

Applied

APPLI'ED, participle passive Put on; put to: directed; employed.

Appliedly

APPLI'EDLY, adverb In a manner which may be applied. [Not in use.]

Montagu.

Applier

APPLI'ER, noun One that applies.

Appliment

APPLI'MENT, noun Application. [Not in use.]

Marston.

Apply

APPLY', verb transitive [Latin applico, of ad and plico, to fold or knit together; French appliquer; Spanish aplicar; Italian applicare; Welsh plegy, to bend or fold; Armoric plega, to fold or plait; pleca, a fold; Greek, to knit, or twist; Saxon plegan, plegian, pleggan, to play, to bend to or apply, incumbere; Danish fliig, a fold; Dutch plooi, a fold; ploojen, to plait; ply, display, and employ. The word plegy, plico, is formed from the root of lay, Saxon lecgan. The sense then is to lay to; and it is worthy of remark, that we use lay to in the precise sense of ply and apply. It is certain from the Welsh that the first consonant is a prefix.]

1. To lay on; to put one thing to another; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body.

2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; as, to apply a sum of money to the payment of a debt.

3. To put, refer or use, as suitable or relative to something; as, to apply the testimony to the case.

4. To fix the mind; to engage and employ with attention; as, apply thy heart to instruction.

Proverbs.

5. To address or direct; as, "Sacred vows applied to Pluto."

Pope.

6. To betake; to give the chief part of time and attention; as, to apply one's self to the study of botany. This is essentially the fourth sense.

7. To make application; to have recourse by request; as, to apply one's self to a counsellor for advice. This is generally used intransitively; as, to apply to a counsellor.

8. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. Obs.

Sidney. Spenser.

[Superseded by ply, which see.]

Apply

APPLY', verb intransitive To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement or analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case.

2. To make request; to solicit; to have recourse, with a view to gain something; as, to apply to the president for an office; I applied to a friend for information.

Applying

APPLY'ING, participle of the present tense Laying on; making application.

Appoint

APPOINT', verb transitive [French appointer, to refer, to give an allowance; Spanish apuntar, to point or aim, to sharpen, to fasten as with points or nails; Italian appuntare, to fix, appoint or sharpen. See Point.]

1. To fix; to settle; to establish; to make fast.

When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Proverbs 8.

2. To constitute, ordain, or fix by decree, order or decision.

Let Pharaoh appoint officers over the land. Genesis 41.

He hath appointed a day in which he will judge the world. Acts 17.

3. To allot, assign or designate.

Aaron and his sons shall appoint every one to his service. Numbers 4.

These cities were appointed for all the children of Israel. Joshua 20.

4. To purpose or resolve; to fix the intention.

For so he had appointed. Acts 20.

5. To ordain, command or order.

Thy servants are ready to do whatever my Lord the King shall appoint. 2 Samuel 15.

6. To settle; to fix, name or determine by agreement; as, they appointed a time and place for the meeting.

Appointable

APPOINT'ABLE, adjective That may be appointed or constituted; as, officers are appointable by the Executive.

Federalist, Madison.

Appointed

APPOINT'ED, participle passive Fixed; set; established; decreed; ordained; constituted; allotted.

2. Furnished; equipped with things necessary; as, a ship or an army is well appointed.

Appointee

APPOINTEE', noun A person appointed. "The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the appointees."

Circular of Mass. Representatives, 1768; also, Wheaton's Reports.

2. A foot soldier in the French army, who, for long service and bravery, receives more pay than other privates.

Encyc. Bailey.

Appointer

APPOINT'ER, noun Ono who appoints.

Appointing

APPOINT'ING, participle of the present tense Setting; fixing; ordaining; constituting; assigning.

Appointment

APPOINT'MENT, noun The act of appointing; designation to office; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men.

2. Stipulation; assignation; the act of fixing by mutual agreement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six o'clock.

3. Decree; established order or constitution; as, it is our duty to submit to the divine appointments.

4. Direction; order; command.

Wheat, salt, wine and oil, let it be given according to the appointment of the priests. Ez. 6.

5. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship, or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management.

6. An allowance to a person; a salary or pension, as to a public officer.

An appointment differs from wages, in being a special grant, or gratification, not fixed, whereas wages are fixed and ordinary.

Encyc.

7. A devise or grant to a charitable use.

Blackstone.

Apporter

APPO'RTER, noun [French apporter; Latin porto.]

A bringer in; one that brings into the country. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Apportion

APPO'RTION, verb transitive [Latin ad and portio, portion. See Portion and Part.]

To divide and assign in just proportion; to distribute among two or more, a just part or share to each; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments.

Apportioned

APPO'RTIONED, participle passive Divided; set out or assigned in suitable parts or shares.

Apportioner

APPO'RTIONER, noun One that apportions.

Apportioning

APPO'RTIONING, participle of the present tense Setting out in just proportions or shares.

Apportionment

APPO'RTIONMENT, noun The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a dividing and assigning to each proprietor his just portion of an undivided right or property.

Hamilton, Rep. Feb. 13, 1793.

Appose

APPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French apposer, to set to; Latin appono. See Apposite.]

1. To put questions; to examine. [See Pose.]

Bacon.

2. To apply.

Harvey.

Apposer

APPO'SER, noun An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. In the English Court of Exchequer there is an officer called the foreign apposer. This is ordinarily pronounced poser.

Encyc.

Apposite

AP'POSITE, a. s as z. [Latin appositus, set or put to, from appono, of ad and pono, to put or place.]

Suitable; fit; very applicable; well adapted; followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case.

Appositely

AP'POSITELY, adverb Suitably; fitly; properly.

Harvey.

Appositeness

AP'POSITENESS, noun Fitness; propriety; suitableness.

Hale.

Apposition

APPOSI'TION, noun The act of adding to; addition; a setting to.

By the apposition of new matter.

Arbuthnot.

2. In Grammar, the placing of two nouns, in the same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. In this case, the second noun explains or characterizes the first.

Appraise

APPRA'ISE, verb transitive [French apprecier; Spanish apreciar; Italian apprezzare, to set a value; from Latin ad and pretium, price. See Price and Appreciate.]

This word is written and often pronounced after the French and Italian manner. But generally it is pronounced more correctly apprize, directly from the Dutch prys; Welsh pris; price or prize. [See Apprize.]

To set a value; to estimate the worth, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose.

Appraisement

APPRA'ISEMENT, noun The act of setting the value; a valuation. [See Apprizement.]

Appraiser

APPRA'ISER, noun One who values; appropriately a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods and estate. [See Apprizer.]

Appreciable

APPRE'CIABLE, a. apprÃƒ-©shable. [See Appreciate.]

1. That may be appreciated; valuable.

Encyc.

2. That may be estimated; capable of being duly estimated.

Appreciate

APPRE'CIATE, v. t. apprÃƒ-©shate. [French apprecier, to set a value; Latin ad and pretium, value, price; Dutch prys; Welsh pris; German preis. See Price.]

1. To value; to set a price or value on; to estimate; as, we seldom sufficiently appreciate the advantages we enjoy.

2. To raise the value of.

Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money.

Ramsay.

Appreciate

APPRE'CIATE, verb intransitive To rise in value; to become of more value; as, the coin of the country appreciates; public securities appreciated, when the debt was funded.

Appreciated

APPRE'CIATED, participle passive Valued; prized; estimated; advanced in value.

Appreciating

APPRE'CIATING, participle of the present tense Setting a value on; estimating; rising in value.

Appreciation

APPRECIA'TION, noun A setting a value on; a just valuation or estimate of merit, weight, or any moral consideration.

Washington's Inaug. Speech, Apr. 30, 1789.

2. A rising in value; increase of worth or value.

Marshal, Latin of Washington.

Hamilton's Report. Feb. 13, 1793.

Apprehend

APPREHEND', verb transitive [Latin apprehendo, of ad and prehendo, to take or seize; Saxon hendan or hentan.]

1. To take or seize; to take hold of. In this literal sense, it is applied chiefly to taking or arresting persons by legal process, or with a view to trial; as to apprehend a thief.

2. To take with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to understand, without passing a judgment, or making an inference.

I apprehend not why so many and various laws are given.

Milton.

3. To think; to believe or be of opinion, but without positive certainty; as, all this is true, but we apprehend it is not to the purpose.

Notwithstanding this declaration, we do not apprehend that we are guilty of presumption.

Encyc. Art. Metaphysics.

4. To fear; to entertain suspicion or fear of future evil; as, we apprehend calamities from a feeble or wicked administration.

Apprehended

APPREHEND'ED, participle passive Taken; seized; arrested; conceived; understood; feared.

Apprehender

APPREHEND'ER, noun One who takes; one who conceives in his mind; one who fears.

Apprehending

APPREHEND'ING, participle of the present tense Seizing; taking; conceiving; understanding; fearing.

Apprehensible

APPREHEN'SIBLE, adjective That may be apprehended or conceived.

Apprehension

APPREHEN'SION, noun The act of taking or arresting; as, the felon, after his apprehension, escaped.

2. The mere contemplation of things without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; the operation of the mind in contemplating ideas, without comparing them with others, or referring them to external objects; simple intellection.

Watts. Glanville. Encyc.

3. An inadequate or imperfect idea, as when the word is applied to our knowledge of God.

Encyc.

4. Opinion; conception; sentiments. In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty.

To be false, and to be thought false, is all one, in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension.

South.

In our apprehension, the facts prove the issue.

5. The faculty by which new ideas are conceived; as, a man of dull apprehension.

6. Fear; suspicion; the prospect of future evil, accompanied with uneasiness of mind.

Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life.

Addison

Apprehensive

APPREHEN'SIVE, adjective Quick to understand; as, an apprehensive scholar.

Holder. South.

2. Fearful; in expectation of evil; as, we were apprehensive of fatal consequences. [This is the usual sense of the word.]

3. Suspicious; inclined to believe; as, I am apprehensive he does not understand me.

4. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [Rarely used.]

Milton.

Apprehensively

APPREHEN'SIVELY, adverb In an apprehensive manner.

Apprehensiveness

APPREHEN'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being apprehensive; readiness to understand; fearfulness.

Apprentice

APPREN'TICE, noun [French apprenti, an apprentice, from apprendre, to learn; Latin apprehendo. See Apprehend.]

1. One who is bound by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or occupation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. Apprentices are regularly bound by indentures.

Blackstone.

2. In old law books, a barrister; a learner of law.

Blackstone.

Apprentice

APPREN'TICE, verb transitive To bind to, or put under the care of a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge of a trade or business.

Apprenticehood

APPREN'TICEHOOD, noun Apprenticeship. [Not used.]

Shak.

Apprenticeship

APPREN'TICESHIP, noun The term for which an apprentice is bound to serve his master. This term in England is by statute seven years. In Paris, the term is five years; after which, the person, before he is qualified to exercise the trade as a master, must serve five years as a journeyman; during which term, he is called the companion of his master, and the term is called his companionship.

Encyc.

2. The service, state or condition of an apprentice; a state in which a person is gaining instruction under a master.

Apprentisage

APPREN'TISAGE, noun Apprenticeship. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Apprest

APPREST', adjective [ad and pressed.]

In botany, pressed close; lying near the stem; or applying its upper surface to the stem.

Martyn. Ed. Encyc.

Apprise

APPRI'SE, v. t. s as z. [French appris, participle of apprendre, to learn, or inform. See Apprehend.]

To inform; to give notice, verbal or written; followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done.

Apprised

APPRI'SED, participle passive Informed; having notice or knowledge communicated.

Apprising

APPRI'SING, participle of the present tense Informing; communicating notice to.

Apprize

APPRI'ZE, verb transitive [This word is usually written appraise, as if deduced from the Italian apprezzare. There is no other word, from which it can regularly be formed; the French apprecier, being recognized in appreciate. But apprize, the word generally used, is regularly formed, with ad, from price, prize; Dutch prys; German preis; Welsh pris; or from the French priser, to prize, and this is the more correct orthography.]

To value; to set a value, in pursuance of authority. It is generally used for the act of valuing by men appointed for the purpose, under direction of law, or by agreement of parties; as, to apprize the goods and estate of a deceased person. The private act of valuing is ordinarily expressed by prize.

Apprized

APPRI'ZED, participle passive Valued; having the worth fixed by authorized persons.

Apprizement

APPRI'ZEMENT, noun The act of setting a value under some authority or appointment; a valuation.

Statutes of Conn. Blackstone.

2. The rate at which a thing is valued; the value fixed, or valuation; as, he purchased the article at the apprizement.

Apprizer

APPRI'ZER, noun A person appointed to rate, or set a value on articles. When apprizers act under the authority of law, they must be sworn.

Apprizing

APPRI'ZING, participle of the present tense Rating; setting a value under authority.

Apprizing

APPRI'ZING, noun The act of valuing under authority.

Approach

APPROACH, verb intransitive [French approcher, from proche, near. The Latin proximus contains the root, but the word, in the positive degree, is not found in the Latin. It is from a root in class Brg, signifying to drive, move, or press toward.]

1. To come or go near, in place; to draw near; to advance nearer.

Wherefore approached ye so nigh the city?

2 Samuel 11.

2. To draw near in time.

And so much the more as ye see the day approach. Hebrews 10.

3. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science, literature, government, morals, &c.; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.

4. To draw near in duty, as in prayer or worship.

They take delight in approaching to God.

Isaiah. li.

Approach

APPROACH, verb transitive To come near to; as, Pope approaches Virgil in smoothness of versification. This use of the word is elliptical, to being omitted, so that the verb can hardly be said to be transitive. The old use of the word, as "approach the hand to the handle," is not legitimate.

2. To have access carnally. Leviticus 18.

3. In gardening, to ingraft a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock.

Encyc.

Approach

APPROACH, noun The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near; as, he was apprised of the enemy;s approach.

2. Access; as, the approach to kings.

Bacon.

3. In fortification, not only the advances of an army are called approaches, but the works thrown up by the besiegers, to protect them in their advances towards a fortress.

Approachable

APPROACHABLE, adjective That may be approached; accessible.

Approacher

APPROACHER, noun One who approaches or draws near.

Approachment

APPROACHMENT, noun The act of coming near. [Little used.]

Brown.

Approbate

AP'PROBATE, adjective [Latin approbatus.] Approved.

Elyot.

Approbate

AP'PROBATE, verb transitive [Latin approbo, to approve, of ad and probo, to prove or approve. Approbate is a modern word, but in common use in America. It differs from approve, denoting not only the act of the mind, but an expression of the act. See Proof, Approve and Prove.]

To express approbation of; to manifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction; to express approbation officially, as of one's fitness for a public trust.

Mr. Hutchinson approbated the choice.

J. Eliot.

Approbated

AP'PROBATED, participle passive Approved; commended.

Approbating

AP'PROBATING, participle of the present tense Expressing approbation of.

Approbation

APPROBA'TION, noun [Latin approbatio. See Proof and Prove.]

1. The act of approving; a liking; that state or disposition of the mind, in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; as, the laws of God require our approbation.

2. Attestation; support; that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of what is approved.

Shak.

3. The commendation of a book licensed or permitted to be published by authority, as was formerly the case in England.

Approbative

AP'PROBATIVE, adjective Approving; implying approbation.

Milner.

Approbatory

AP'PROBATORY, adjective Containing approbation; expressing approbation.

Ash. Scott.

Apprompt

APPROMPT, for Prompt. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Approof

APPROOF', noun Approval. [Not used.]

Shak.

Approperate

APPRO'PERATE, verb transitive [Latin appropero.] To hasten. [Not used.]

Appropinquate

APPROPIN'QUATE, verb intransitive [Latin appropinquo.] To draw near. [Not used.]

Appropinquation

APPROPINQUA'TION, noun A drawing nigh. [Not used.]

Hall.

Appropinque

APPROPINQUE, verb intransitive To approach. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Appropriable

APPRO'PRIABLE, adjective [From appropriate.] That may be appropriated; that may be set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use.

Brown.

Appropriate

APPRO'PRIATE, verb transitive [French approprier, of Latin ad and proprius, private, peculiar. See Proper.]

1. To set apart for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other uses; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden.

2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right.

Let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit.

3. To make peculiar; as, to appropriate names to ideas.

Locke.

4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living.

Blackstone.

Appropriate

APPRO'PRIATE, adjective Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; set apart for a particular use or person; as, religious worship is an appropriate duty to the Creator.

2. Most suitable, fit or proper; as, to use appropriate words in pleading.

Appropriated

APPRO'PRIATED, participle passive Assigned to a particular use; claimed or used exclusively; annexed to an ecclesiastical corporation.

Appropriateness

APPRO'PRIATENESS, noun Peculiar fitness; the quality of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable.

Med. Rep.

Appropriating

APPRO'PRIATING, participle of the present tense Assigning to a particular person or use; claiming or using exclusively; severing to the perpetual use of an ecclesiastical corporation.

Appropriation

APPROPRIA'TION, noun The act of sequestering, or assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose; as, of a piece of ground, for a park; of a right, to one's self; or of words, to ideas.

2. In law, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. For this purpose must be obtained the king's license, the consent of the bishop and of the patron. When the appropriation is thus made, the appropriator and his successors become perpetual parsons of the church, and must sue and be sued in that name.

Law. Blackstone.

Appropriator

APPRO'PRIATOR, noun One who appropriates.

2. One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice.

Blackstone.

Approprietary

APPRO'PRIETARY, noun A lay possessor of the profits of a benefice.

Spelman.

Approvable

APPROV'ABLE, adjective [See Approve.]

That may be approved; that merits approbation.

Temple.

Approval

APPROV'AL, noun Approbation. [See Approve.]

Approvance

APPROV'ANCE, noun Approbation. [See Approve.]

Thomson.

Approve

APPROVE', verb transitive [French approuver; Latin approbo; of ad and probo, to prove or approve. See Approbate, Prove and Proof.]

1. To like; to be pleased with; to admit the propriety of; as, we approve the measures of administration. This word may include, with the assent of the mind to the propriety, a commendation to others.

2. To prove; to show to be true; to justify.

Would'st thou approve thy constancy? Approve first thy wisdom.

Milton.

[This sense, though common a century or two ago, is now rare.]

3. To experience; to prove by trial. [Not used. See Prove.]

Shak.

4. To make or show to be worthy of approbation; to commend.

Jesus, a man approved of God. Acts 2.

This word seems to include the idea of Christ's real office, as the Messiah, and of God's love and approbation of him in that character.

Brown's Dict.

5. To like and sustain as right; to commend.

Yet their posterity approve their sayings.

Psalm 49.

This word, when it signifies to be pleased, is often followed by of, in which use, it is intransitive; as, I approve of the measure. But the tendency of modern usage is to omit of. "I approve the measure."

6. To improve.

Blackstone.

Approved

APPROV'ED, participle passive Liked; commended; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation; having the approbation and support of.

Study to show thyself approved to God. 2 Timothy 2.

Not he that commendeth himself is approved. 2 Corinthians 10.

Approvement

APPROVE'MENT, noun Approbation; liking.

Hayward.

2. In law, when a person indicted for felony or treason, and arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and appeals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to obtain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called approvement, and the person an approver.

Blackstone.

3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry.

Blackstone.

Approver

APPROV'ER, noun One who approves. Formerly one who proves or makes trial.

2. In law, one who confesses a crime and accuses another. [See Approvement.] Also, formerly, one who had the letting of the king's demains, in small manors. In Stat. 1. Edw. 3. C. 8, sheriffs are called approvers. A bailiff or steward of a manor.

Encyc.

Approving

APPROV'ING, participle of the present tense Liking; commending; giving or expressing approbation.

Approving

APPROV'ING, adjective Yielding approbation; as an approving conscience.

Approximant

APPROX'IMANT, adjective Approaching. [Not used.]

Dering.

Approximate

APPROX'IMATE, adjective [Latin ad and proximus, next. See Approach.]

Nearest to; next; near to. [This word is superseded by proximate.]

Approximate

APPROX'IMATE, verb transitive To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.

To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature.

Burke. Aikin. Shenstone.

Approximate

APPROX'IMATE, verb intransitive To come near; to approach.

Burke.

Approximation

APPROXIMA'TION, noun Approach; a drawing, moving or advancing near.

Hale.

2. In arithmetic and algebra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a root or other quantity, without being able perhaps ever to arrive at it.

Encyc. Johnson.

3. In medicine, communication of disease by contact.

Coxe.

4. A mode of cure by transplanting a disease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact.

Coxe.

Approximative

APPROX'IMATIVE, adjective Approaching; that approaches.

Ed. Encyc.

Appulse

APPULSE, n. appuls'. [Latin appulsus, of ad and pello, to drive.]

1. The act of striking against; as, in all consonants there is an appulse of the organs.

Holder.

2. In astronomy, the approach of any planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star.

3. Arrival; landing.

Bryant.

Appulsion

APPUL'SION, noun The act of striking against by a moving body.

Appulsive

APPUL'SIVE, adjective Striking against; driving towards; as, the appulsive influence of the planets.

Med. Rep.

Appurtenance

APPUR'TENANCE, noun So written for appertenence. [French appartenance. See Appertain.]

That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage. Appropriately, such buildings, rights and improvements, as belong to land, are called the appurtenances; as small buildings are the appurtenances of a mansion.

Appurtenant

APPUR'TENANT, adjective Belonging to; pertaining to of right.

2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription or immemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special grant.

Blackstone.

Apricate

A'PRICATE, verb intransitive [Latin apricor.]

To bask in the sun. [Little used.]

Ray.

Apricity

APRIC'ITY, noun Sunshine. [Little used.]

Apricot

A'PRICOT, noun Old orthography, apricock. [Welsh bricyllen; Armoric brigesen; French abricot, whence the present orthography. Junius and Skinner alledge that the Italians formerly wrote the word bericoco, berricoccoli. At present they write it albicocca, and the Spaniards albaricoque, which indicate the word to be formed of albus and coccus, white berry; Spanish albar, white. But apricot seems to be formed from the old orthography.]

A fruit belonging to the genus Prunus, of the plum kind, of an oval figure, and delicious taste.

April

A'PRIL, noun [Latin aprilis; French avril; Spanish abril; Irish abrail; Cornish ebril; Welsh ebril.]

The fourth month of the year.

Apron

A'PRON, noun [Irish aprun; a or ag, and Celtic bron, the breast.]

1. A cloth or piece of leather worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury.

2. The fat skin covering the belly of a goose.

Johnson.

3. In gunnery, a flat piece of lead that covers the vent of a cannon.

4. In ships, a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.

Mar. Dict.

5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut.

Encyc.

Aproned

A'PRONED, adjective Wearing an apron.

Pope.

Apron-Man

A'PRON-MAN, noun A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic.

Apropos

AP'ROPOS, adv. ap'ropo. [French a and propos, purpose.]

1. Opportunely; seasonably.

Warburton.

2. By the way; to the purpose; a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.

Apsis

AP'SIS, noun plu. apsides. [Greek, connection, fron, to connect.]

1. In astronomy, the apsides are the two points of a planet's orbit, which are at the greatest and least distance from the sun or earth; the most distant point is the aphelion, or apogee; the least distant, the perihelion or perigee. The line connecting these is called the line of the apsides.

Encyc.

2. Apsis or absis is the arched roof of a house, room or oven; also the ring or compass of a wheel.

3. In ecclesiastical writers, an inner part of a church, where the altar was placed, and where the clergy sat, answering to the choir and standing opposite to the nave. Also, the bishop's seat or throne in ancient churches; called also exedra and tribune. This same name was given to a reliquary or case in which the relics of saints were kept.

Encyc.

Apt

APT, adjective [Latin aptus, from apto, to fit; Greek, to tie; Saxon hoep.]

1. Fit; suitable; as, he used very apt metaphors.

2. Having a tendency; liable; used of things; as, wheat on moist land is apt to blast or be winter-killed.

3. Inclined; disposed customarily; used of persons; as, men are too apt to slander others.

4. Ready; quick; used of the mental powers; as, a pupil apt to learn; an apt wit.

5. Qualified; fit.

All the men of might, strong and apt for war. 2 Kings 24.

Apt

APT, verb transitive To fit; to suit or adapt. Obs.

Aptable

APT'ABLE, adjective That may be adapted. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Aptate

AP'TATE, verb transitive To make fit. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Apter

AP'TER, or AP'TERA, noun [Greek a priv. and, a wing.]

An insect without wings. The aptera, constituting the seventh order of insects in Linne's system, comprehend many genera. But later zoologists have made a very different distribution of these animals.

Apteral

AP'TERAL, adjective [Supra.] Destitute of wings.

Aptitude

APT'ITUDE, noun [of aptus, apt.]

1. A natural or acquired disposition for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn; men acquire an aptitude to particular vices.

2. Fitness; suitableness.

3. Aptness; readiness in learning; docility

Aptly

APT'LY, adverb In an apt or suitable manner; with just correspondence of parts; fitly; properly; justly; pertinently.

Aptness

APT'NESS, noun Fitness; suitableness; as, the aptness of things to their end.

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example.

3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others.

4. Tendency, in things; as, the aptness of iron to rust.

Aptote

AP'TOTE, noun [Greek priv. and, case.]

In grammar, a noun which has no variation of termination, or distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.

Apyrexy

AP'YREXY, noun [Greek, priv. and, to be feverish, from, fire.]

The absence or intermission of fever.

Apyrous

AP'YROUS, adjective [Greek, priv. and, fire.]

Incombustible, or that sustains a strong heat without alteration of form or properties.

Apyrous bodies differ from those simply refractory. Refractory bodies cannot be fused by heat, but may be altered.

Encyc.

Aqua

A'QUA, noun [Latin aqua; Spanish agua; Portugese agoa; Italian acqua, water; Armoric eagui, to water, or steep; Gothic ahwa, water, which in Saxon is reduced to ea; German and Dutch ei, in eiland; French eau; Welsh gwy or aw; Irish oig or oiche; Amh. oge.]

Water; a word much used in pharmacy, and the old chimistry.

Aqua fortis, in the old chimistry, is now called nitric acid.

Aqua marina, a name which jewelers give to the beryl, on account of its color.

Aqua regia, in the old chimistry, is now called nitro-muriatic acid.

Aqua vitoe, brandy, or spirit of wine.

Aquarian

AQUA'RIAN, noun One of a sect of christians, in the primitive church, who consecrated water in the eucharist instead of wine; either under a pretense of abstinence, or because it was unlawful to drink wine.

Encyc.

Aquarius

AQUA'RIUS, noun [Latin] The water bearer; a sign in the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of January; so called from the rains which prevail at that season, in Italy and the East. The stars in this constellation, according to Ptolenty, are 45; according to Tycho Brahe, 41; according to Hevelius, 47; and according to Flamstead, 108.

Aquatic

AQUAT'IC, adjective [Latin aquaticus. See Aqua.]

Pertaining to water; applied to animals which live in water, as fishes; or to such as frequent it, as aquatic fowls; applied to plants, it denotes such as grow in water. Aquatical is rarely used.

Aquatic

AQUAT'IC, noun A plant which grows in water, as the flag.

Aquatile

AQ'UATILE, adjective That inhabits the water. [Rarely used.]

Brown.

Aquatinta

AQUATINT'A, noun [aqua, water, and Italian tinta, dye. See Tincture.]

A method of etching on copper, by which a beautiful effect is produced, resembling a fine drawing in water colors or Indian ink. This is performed with a powder of asphalt and fine transparent rosin sifted on the plate, which is a little greased; the loose powder being shaken off, the plate is heated over a chafing dish; and when cool, the light places on the plate are covered with a hair pencil, dipped in turpentine varnish mixed with ivory black. A rim is then raised with bees wax, and reduced nitrous acid is poured on, and suffered to stand five minutes; then poured off, and the plate dried. This process with the pencil and the aqua fortis is to be repeated till the darkest shades are produced.

Encyc.

Aqueduct

AQ'UEDUCT, noun [Latin aqua, water, and ductus, a pipe or canal, from duco, to lead. See Duke.]

A structure made for conveying water from one place to another over uneven ground; either above or under the surface. It may be either a pipe or a channel. It may be constructed above ground of stone or wood; carried through hills by piercing them, and over valleys, by a structure supported by props or arches. Some have been formed with three conduits on the same line, elevated one above another.

Encyc.

Aqueous

A'QUEOUS, adjective Watery; partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it.

Aqueousness

A'QUEOUSNESS, noun The quality of being watery; waterishness; wateriness.

Aquila

AQ'UILA, noun [Latin, whence aquilinus; from the Oriental, to be crooked. This fowl is probably named from its curving beak.]

In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a northern constellation containing, according to the British catalogue, 71 stars.

Encyc.

Aquiline

AQ'UILINE, adjective [Latin aquilinus. See Aquila.]

1. Belonging to the eagle.

2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle.

Aquilon

AQ'UILON, noun [Latin aquilo.]

The north wind.

Shak.

Aquitanian

AQUITA'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the great divisions of Gaul, which, according to Cesar, lay between the Garonne, the Pyrenees and the Ocean. In modern days, it has been called Gascony. The inhabitants, in Cesar's time, spoke a different dialect from that of the proper Celts, between the Garonne and Seine. This dialect bore an affinity to the Basque, in Biscay, to which they were contiguous; and some remains of it still exist in the Gascon. Aquitania is the country of the Aqui; from the name of the people, with tan, a Celtic word, signifying region or country. The Romans, either from their general usage, or from not understanding the Celtic tan, annexed another termination signifying country, ia. the Irish ai or aoi, Hebrew ai, a settlement or habitation; Greek aia, land, country; Hindu, eya, the same.

Cesar, Com. Lib. i. 1. D'Anville.

A. R. stand for anno regni, the year of the king's reign; as A. R. German R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of king George.

Arabesque

ARABESQUE, or ARABESK'Y, adjective [See Arabian.]

1. In the manner of the Arabians; applied to ornaments consisting of imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c., in which there are no figures of animals.

Encyc.

2. The Arabic language. [Not in use.]

Guthrie.

Arabian

ARA'BIAN, adjective [See the noun.] Pertaining to Arabia.

Arabian

ARA'BIAN, noun [Arab denotes a wanderer, or a dweller in a desert.]

A native of Arabia; an Arab.

Arabic

AR'ABIC, adjective Belonging to Arabia, or the language of its inhabitants.

Arabic

AR'ABIC, noun The language of the Arabians.

Arabically

ARAB'ICALLY, adverb In the Arabian manner.

Arabism

AR'ABISM, noun An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language.

Encyc. Stuart.

Arabist

AR'ABIST, noun One well versed in Arabic literature.

Encyc.

Arable

AR'ABLE, adjective [Latin aro, Greek, to plow; Irish araim.]

Fit for plowing or tillage; hence often applied to land which has been plowed.

Araby

AR'ABY, noun Arabia.

Milton.

Arachnoid

ARACH'NOID, adjective [Greek, a spider, and, form; Hebrew, to weave, that is, to stretch, to draw out; reach.]

In anatomy, the arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semitransparent thin membrane which is spread over the brain and piamater, and for the most part closely connected with the latter. The term has also been applied to that capsule of the crystaline lens, which is a continuation of the hyaloid membrane.

Cyc.

Arachnoid

ARACH'NOID, noun A species of madrepore found fossil.

Cyc.

Arachosian

ARACHO'SIAN, adjective Designating a chain of mountains which divide Persia from India.

As. Researches.

Araignee

ARAIGNEE' or ARRA'IGN, n. arain. [French a spider.]

In fortification, the branch, return or gallery of a mine.

Bailey.

Araise

ARA'ISE, verb transitive To raise. [Not used.]

Shak.

Aramean

ARAME'AN, adjective Pertaining to Aram, a son of Shem, or to the Chaldeans.

Aramism

AR'AMISM, noun An idiom of the Aramean or Chaldee language; a Chaldaism.

Araneous

ARA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin aranea, a spider, or cobweb.]

Resembling a cobweb.

Araucanian

ARAUCA'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Araucanians, a tribe of aboriginals, inhabiting Arauco, in Chili.

Molina.

Arbalist

`ARBALIST, noun [From arcus, a bow, and balista, Latin, an engine to throw stones; Greek, to throw.]

A cross-bow. This consists of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger; and is bent with a piece of iron. It serves to throw bullets, darts, arrows, &c.

Encyc.

Arbalister

`ARBALISTER, noun A cross-bowman.

Speed.

Arbiter

`ARBITER, noun [Latin] A person appointed, or chosen by parties in controversy, to decide their differences. This is its sense in the civil law. In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word.

2. In a general sense, now most common, a person who has the power of judging and determining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.

3. One that commands the destiny, or holds the empire of a nation or state.

Mitford.

Arbitrable

`ARBITRABLE, adjective Arbitrary; depending on the will.

Spelman.

Arbitrament

ARBIT'RAMENT, noun Will; determination;

Milton.

2. The award of arbitrators. Cowel. In this sense award is more generally used.

Arbitrarily

`ARBITRARILY, adverb By will only; despotically; absolutely.

Arbitrariness

`ARBITRARINESS, noun The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.

Temple.

Arbitrarious

ARBITRA'RIOUS, adjective Arbitrary; despotic. [Not used.]

Norris. More.

Arbitrariously

ARBITRA'RIOUSLY, adverb Arbitrarily. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Arbitrary

`ARBITRARY, adjective [Latin arbitrarius.]

1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment.

Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused to licentiousness.

Washington.

2. Despotic; absolute in power; having no external control; as, an arbitrary prince or government.

Arbitrate

`ARBITRATE, verb intransitive [Latin arbitror.]

To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose men to arbitrate between us.

Arbitrate

`ARBITRATE, verb transitive To decide; to determine; to judge of.

Milton. Shak.

Arbitration

ARBITRA'TION, noun The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties. This may be done by one person; but it is usual to chuse two or three; or for each party to chuse one, and these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination is called an award.

2. A hearing before arbitrators, though they make no award. [This is a common use of the word in the United States.]

Arbitrator

`ARBITRATOR, noun A person chosen by a party, or by the parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. The act of the parties in giving power to the arbitrators is called the submission, and this may be verbal or written. The person chosen as umpire, by two arbitrators, when the parties do not agree, is also called an arbitrator.

2. An arbiter, governor, or president.

Milton.

3. In a more extensive sense, an arbiter; one who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control.

Addison. Shak.

Arbitress

`ARBITRESS, noun A female arbiter.

Arbor

`ARBOR, noun [The French express the sense by berceau, a cradle, an arbor, or bower; Spanish emparrado, from parra, a vine raised on stakes, and nailed to a wall. Qu. Latin arbor, a tree, and the primary sense.]

1. A frame of lattice work, covered with vines, branches of trees or other plants, for shade; a bower.

2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a shrub. The distinction which Linne makes, that a tree springs up with a bud on the stem, and a shrub not, is found not to hold universally; and the tree, in popular understanding, differs from the shrub only in size. Arbor forms the seventh family of vegetables in Linne's system. [See Tree.]

3. In mechanics, the principal part of a machine, sustaining the rest. Also the axis or spindle of a machine, as of a crane, or windmill.

Encyc.

This in America is called the shaft.

Arborator

`ARBORATOR, noun One who plants or who prunes trees.

Evelyn.

Arboreous

ARBO'REOUS, adjective [Latin arboreus, from arbor.]

Belonging to a tree; resembling a tree; constituting a tree; growing on trees, as moss is arboreous.

Arborescence

ARBORES'CENCE, noun [Latin arboresco, to grow to a tree.]

The figure of a tree; the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystalizations or groups of crystals in that form.

Arborescent

ARBORES'CENT, adjective Resembling a tree; having the figure of a tree; dendritical.

Encyc.

2. From herbaceous becoming woody.

Martyn.

Arborescent Star-Fish

ARBORES'CENT STAR-FISH, noun A species of asterias, called also caput Medusoe. [See Starfish.]

Arboret

`ARBORET, noun [Italian arboreto, from arbor, a tree.]

A small tree or shrub; a place planted or overgrown with trees.

Milton.

Arborist

`ARBORIST, noun One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees.

Howell.

Arborization

ARBORIZA'TION, noun The appearance or figure of a tree or plant in minerals, or fossils. [See Herborization.]

Arborize

`ARBORIZE, verb transitive To form the appearance of a tree or plant in minerals.

Arbuscle

`ARBUSCLE, noun [Latin arbusculus, a little tree.]

A dwarf tree, in size between between a shrub and a tree.

Bradley.

Arbuscular

ARBUS'CULAR, adjective Resembling a shrub; having the figure of small trees.

Da Costa.

Arbustive

ARBUST'IVE, adjective [From arbustum.]

Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.

Bartram.

Arbustum

ARBUST'UM, noun [Latin See Arbor.] A copse of shrubs or trees; an orchard.

Arbute

`ARBUTE, noun [Latin arbutus.] The strawberry tree.

Arbutean

ARBU'TEAN, adjective Pertaining to the strawberry tree.

Encyc. Evelyn.

Arc

`ARC, noun [Latin arcus, a bow, vault or arch; arcuo, to bend; Greek, beginning, origin; to begin, to be the author or chief; French arc, arche; Spanish arco, a bow and an arch; Portugese id; Italian id; Armoric goarec. The Greek word has a different application, but is probably from the same root as arcus, from the sense of springing or stretching, shooting up, rising, which gives the sense of a vault, or bow, as well as of chief or head. Hebrew, to weave; Syriac to desire or long for; Arabic to emit odor, to diffuse fragrance; and Hebrew to desire, or long for, to ascend; Ethiopic to ascend, to mount; Arabic id. The radical sense of all these roots is, to stretch, strain, reach; Greek; Latin fragro; and the sense of arch is from stretching upwards, ascending. From arc or arch comes the sense of bending, deviating and cunning.]

In geometry, any part of the circumference of a circle, or curved line, lying from one point to another; a segment, or part of a circle, not more than a semicircle.

Encyc. Johnson.

Arcade

ARCA'DE, noun [French from arcus; Spanish arcada.]

A long or continued arch; a walk arched above.

Johnson.

Arcadian

ARCA'DIAN, or ARCA'DIC, adjective Pertaining to Arcadia, a mountainous district in the heart of the Peloponnesus.

Trans. of Pausanias.

Arcadics

ARCA'DICS, noun The title of a book in Pausanias, which treats of Arcadia.

Trans. B. 8.

Arcane

ARCA'NE, adjective [Latin arcanus.] Hidden, secret. [Not much used.]

Trans. of Pausanias.

Arcanum

ARCA'NUM, noun [Latin] A secret; generally used in the plural, arcana, secret things, mysteries.

Arcboutant

ARCBOUTANT, noun [French arc, and bout. See About, Abutment.] In building, an arched buttress.

Encyc.

Arch

`ARCH, noun [See Arc.] A segment or part of a circle. A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported by its own curve. It may be constructed of wood, and supported by the mechanism of the work. This species of structure is much used in bridges.

A vault is properly a broad arch.

Encyc.

2. The space between two piers of a bridge, when arched; or any place covered with an arch.

3. Any curvature, in form of an arch.

4. The vault of heaven, or sky.

Shak.

Triumphal arches are magnificent structures at the entrance of cities, erected to adorn a triumph and perpetuate the memory of the event.

Arch

`ARCH, verb transitive To cover with an arch; to form with a curve; as to arch a gate.

Arch

`ARCH, verb intransitive To make an arch or arches; as, to arch beneath the sand.

Pope.

Arch

`ARCH, adjective [Italian arcare, to bend, to arch, to cheat, or deceive, from arco, Latin arcus, a bow; German arg, cunning, arch, bad; Dutch arg, crafty, roguish; Swedish Danish arg, id. The Teutonic arg, appears to be allied to arch, and to be the rogue. This circumstance, and the Armoric goarec, [see arc,] indicate that the radical letters in arc, arch, are Rg. The radical sense of bend is, to strain.]

Cunning; sly; shrewd; waggish; mischievous for sport; mirthful; as we say in popular language, roguish; as an arch lad.

Arch

`ARCH, adjective used also in composition. [Greek, chief; Irish arg, noble, famous.]

Chief; of the first class; principal; as, an arch deed.

Shak.

Shakspeare uses this word as a noun; "My worthy arch and patrons;" but the use is not authorized.

Archaism

`ARCHAISM, noun [Greek, ancient, from, beginning.]

An ancient or obsolete phrase or expression.

Watts.

Archangel

ARCHAN'GEL, noun An angel of the highest order; an angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestiai hierarchy.

Encyc.

2. The name of several plants, as the dead-nettle, or lamium; a species of melittis; and the galeopsis or hedge-nettle.

Archangelic

ARCHANGEL'IC, adjective Belonging to archangels.

Archapostate

ARCHAPOS'TATE, noun A chief apostate.

Archapostle

ARCHAPOS'TLE, noun The chief apostle.

Trapp.

Archarchitect

ARCH'ARCHITECT, noun The supreme architect.

Sylvester.

Archbeacon

ARCHBE'ACON, noun The chief beacon, place of prospect or signal.

Archbishop

ARCHBISH'OP, noun A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.

Clarendon.

Archbishopric

ARCHBISH'OPRIC, noun [Archbishop and ric, or rick, territory or jurisdiction.]

The jurisdiction or place of an archbishop; the province over which an archbishop exercises authority.

Clarendon.

Archbotcher

ARCHBOTCH'ER, noun The chief botcher, or mender, ironically.

Corbet.

Archbuilder

ARCHBUILD'ER, or ARCHBILD'ER noun Chief builder.

Harmar.

Archbutler

ARCHBUT'LER, noun A chief butler; an officer of the German empire, who presents the cup to the emperor, on solemn occasions. This office belongs to the king of Bohemia.

Encyc.

Archchamberlain

ARCHCHAMBERLAIN, noun A chief chamberlain; an officer of the German empire, whose office is similar to that of the great chamberlain in England. This office belongs to the elector of Brandenburg.

Encyc.

Archchacellor

ARCHCH'ACELLOR, noun A chief chancellor; an officer in the German empire, who presides over the secretaries of the court. Under the first races of French kings, when Germany and Italy belonged to them, three archchancellors were appointed; and this institution gave rise to the three archchancellors now subsisting in Germany, who are the archbishops of Mentz, of Cologne, and of Treves.

Encyc.

Archchanter

ARCHCH`ANTER, noun The chief chanter, or president of the chanters of a church.

Archchimic

ARCHCHIM'IC, adjective Of supreme chimical powers.

Milton.

Archconspirator

ARCHCONSPIR'ATOR, noun Principal conspirator.

Maundrell.

Archcount

ARCHCOUNT', noun A chief count; a title formerly given to the earl of Flanders, on account of his great riches and power.

Encyc.

Archcritic

ARCHCRIT'IC, noun A chief critic.

Archdapifer

ARCHDAP'IFER, noun [Arch, chief, and Latin dapifer, a food-bearer, from daps, meat or a feast, and fero, to carry.]

An officer in the German empire, whose office is, at the coronation of the emperor, to carry the first dish of meat to table on horseback.

Encyc.

Archdeacon

ARCHDE'ACON, noun [See Deacon.]

In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the whole diocese. He is usually appointed by the bishop, and has an authority originally derived from the bishop, but now independent of him. He has a court, the most inferior of ecclesiastical courts, for hearing ecclesiastical causes, and the punishment of offenders by spiritual censures.

Blackstone.

Archdeaconry

ARCHDE'ACONRY, noun The office, jurisdiction or residence of an archdeacon. In England, every diocese is divided into archdeaconries, of which there are sixty, and each archdeaconry into rural deaneries, and each deanery into parishes.

Blackstone.

Archdeaconship

ARCHDE'ACONSHIP, noun The office of an archdeacon.

Archdivine

ARCHDIVI'NE, noun A principal theologian.

Archdruid

ARCHDRU'ID, noun [See Druid.] A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient druids.

Henry, Hist. Eng. Rowland's Mona Antiqua.

Archducal

ARCHDU'CAL, adjective [See Archduke.] Pertaining to an archduke.

Archduchess

ARCHDUCH'ESS, noun [See Duchess.] A title given to the females of the house of Austria.

Archduchy

ARCHDUCH'Y, noun The territory of an archduke or archduchess.

Ash.

Archduke

ARCHDU'KE, [See Duke.] A title given to princes of the House of Austria; all the sons being archdukes, and the daughters archduchesses.

Encyc.

Archdukedom

ARCHDU'KEDOM, noun The territory or jurisdiction of an archduke or archduchess.

Arched

`ARCHED, participle passive Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch.

Archenemy

ARCHEN'EMY, noun A principal enemy.

Milton.

Archeological

ARCHEOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a treatise on antiquity, or to the knowledge of ancient things.

Archeology

ARCHEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, ancient, and, discourse.]

A discourse on antiquity; learning or knowledge which respects ancient times.

Panoplist, Dec. 1808.

Archer

`ARCHER, noun [Spanish archero; Italian arciÃƒ-©ro; French archer; from arcus, a bow. See Arch and Arc.]

A bowman; one who uses a bow in battle; one who is skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.

Archeress

`ARCHERESS, noun A female archer.

Markham.

Archery

`ARCHERY, noun The use of the bow and arrow; the practice, art or skill of archers; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow.

Arches-Court

`ARCHES-COURT, in England, so called from the church of St. Mary le bow (dearcubus,) whose top is raised of stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, the judge of which is called the dean of the arches. This court had jurisdiction over thirteen peculiar parishes in London, belonging to the archbishop of Canterbury; but the office of dean of the arches being united with that of the archbishop's principal office, the dean now receives and determines appeals from the sentence of all inferior courts within the province; and from him lies an appeal to the king in chancery. This and all the principal spiritual courts are now held at Doctors' Commons.

Blackstone.

Archetypal

`ARCHETYPAL, adjective Original; constituting a model or pattern.

Archetype

`ARCHETYPE, noun [Greek; beginning, and, form.]

1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made; as, a tree is the archetype or pattern of our idea of that tree.

Watts.

2. Among minters, the standard weight, by which others are adjusted.

3. Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of God, before the creation.

Encyc.

Archeus

ARCHE'US, noun [Greek, beginning, or, a chief; Welsh erchi.]

A term used by the ancient chimists, to denote the internal efficient cause of all things; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers; the power the presides over the animal economy, or the vis medicatrix; the active principle of the material world. In medicine, good health, or ancient practice.

Johnson. Encyc. Coxe.

Archfelon

ARCHFEL'ON, noun [See Felon.] A chief felon.

Milton.

Archfiend

ARCHFIE'ND, noun [See Fiend.] A chief fiend or foe.

Milton.

Archflamen

ARCHFLAM'EN, noun A chief flamen or priest

Herbert.

Archflatterer

ARCHFLAT'TERER, noun [See Flatter.] A chief flatterer.

Bacon.

Archfoe

ARCHFO'E, noun [See Foe.] A grand or chief enemy.

Milton.

Archfounder

ARCHFOUND'ER, noun A chief founder.

Milton.

Archgovernor

ARCHGOV'ERNOR, noun The chief governor.

Brewer.

Archheresy

ARCHHER'ESY, noun [See Heresy.] The greatest heresy.

Butler.

Archheretic

ARCHHER'ETIC, noun A chief heretic.

Shak.

Archhierey

ARCHHI'EREY, noun [Greek, chief, and, priest.] A chief priest in Russia.

Tooke, i. 530.

Archhypocrite

ARCHHYP'OCRITE, noun A great or chief hypocrite.

Fuller.

Archiater

ARCH'IATER, noun [Greek, chief, and, physician.] Chief physician; a word used in Russia.

Tooke, i. 557.

Archical

ARCH'ICAL, adjective Chief; primary.

Hallywell.

Archidiaconal

ARCHIDIAC'ONAL, adjective [See Deacon.]

Pertaining to an archdeacon; as an archidiaconal visitation.

Archiepiscopal

ARCHIEPIS'COPAL, adjective [See Episcopal.]

Belonging to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see.

Weever.

Archil

`ARCHIL, noun A lichen, which grows on rocks, in the Canary and Cape de Verd isles, which yields a rich purple color, not durable, but very beautiful. It is bruised between stones, and moistened with strong spirit of urine mixed with quick lime. It first takes a purplish red color, and then turns to blue. In the first state it is called archil; and in the second, lacmas or litmase, litmus.

Encyc.

Archilochian

ARCHILO'CHIAN, adjective Pertaining to Archilochus, the poet, who invented a verse of seven feet, the first four dactyls or spondees, the last three, trochees.

Archimagus

`ARCHIMAGUS, noun [See Magician.] The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.

Encyc.

Archimandrite

ARCHIMAND'RITE, noun [from mandrite, a Syriac word for monk.]

In church history, a chief of the mandrites or monks, answering to abbot in Europe.

Encyc. Tooke, Russ.

Arching

`ARCHING, participle of the present tense Forming an arch; covering with an arch.

Arching

`ARCHING, adjective Curving like an arch.

Archipelago

ARCHIPEL'AGO, noun [Authors are not agreed as to the origin of this word. Some suppose it to be compounded of, chief, and, sea; others, of, and, the Egean sea. See Gibbon, Mitford and Ed. Encyc.]

In a general sense, a sea interspersed with many isles; but particularly the sea which separates Europe from Asia, otherwise called the Egean Sea. It contains the Grecian isles, called Cyclades and Sporades.

Architect

`ARCHITECT, noun [Greek, chief, and, a workman. See Technical.]

1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers employed.

2. A contriver; a former or maker.

Ray.

Architective

ARCHITECT'IVE, adjective Used in building; proper for building.

Derham.

Architectonic

ARCHITECTON'IC, adjective That has power or skill to build.

Smellie, Chaldee 13.

Architectonics

ARCHITECTON'ICS, noun The science of architecture.

Ash.

Architectress

ARCHITECT'RESS, noun A female architect.

Wotton.

Architectural

ARCHITECT'URAL, adjective Pertaining to the art of building; that is according to the rules of architecture.

Mason.

Architecture

`ARCHITECTURE, noun [Latin architectura.]

1. The art of building; but in a more limited and appropriate sense, the art of constructing houses, bridges and other buildings for the purposes of civil life.

2. Frame or structure.

The earth is a piece of divine architecture.

Burnet.

Military architecture is the art of fortification.

Naval architecture is the art of building ships.

Architrave

`ARCHITRAVE, noun [Greek, chief, and Italian trave, from Latin trabs, a beam.]

In architecture, the lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column. It probably represents the beam which, in ancient buildings, extended from column to column, to support the roof.

In chimneys, the architrave is called the mantle piece; and over doors and windows, the hyperthyrion.

Johnson. Encyc. Cyc.

Archival

`ARCHIVAL, adjective [See Archives.] Pertaining to archives or records; contained in records.

Tooke.

Archivault

`ARCHIVAULT, noun [arch, chief, and vault.]

In building, the inner contour of an arch, or a band adorned with moldings, running over the faces of the arch-stones, and bearing upon the imposts. It has only a single face in the Tuscan order; two faces crowned in the Doric and Ionic, and the same moldings, as the architrave, in the Corinthian and Composite.

Encyc.

Archives

`ARCHIVES, n. plu. [Greek; Low Latin archivum; French archives; Italian archivio.]

The apartment in which records are kept; also the records and papers which are preserved, as evidences of facts.

Archivist

`ARCHIVIST, noun [French and Italian] The keeper of archives or records.

Encyc.

Archlike

`ARCHLIKE, adjective Built like an arch.

Young.

Archlute

`ARCHLUTE, or `ARCHILUTE, noun [Italian arcileuto.]

A large lute, a theorbo, the base-strings of which are doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.

Busby.

Archly

`ARCHLY, adverb Shrewdly; wittily; jestingly.

Archmagician

ARCHMAGI'CIAN, noun The chief magician.

Spenser.

Archmarshal

ARCHMAR'SHAL, noun The grand marshal of the German empire; a dignity belonging to the elector of Saxony.

Archness

`ARCHNESS, noun Cunning; shrewdness; waggishness.

Archon

`ARCHON, noun [Greek, a prince.]

The archons in Greece were chief magistrates chosen, after the death of Codrus, from the most illustrious families, to superintend civil and religious concerns. They were nine in number; the first was properly the archon; the second was called king; the third, polemarch, or general of the forces. The other six were called thesmothetoe, or legislators.

Encyc.

Archonship

`ARCHONSHIP, noun The office of an archon; or the term of his office.

Mitford.

Archontics

ARCHON'TICS, noun In church history, a branch of the Valentinians, who held that the world was not created by God, but by angels, archontes.

Archpastor

ARCHP`ASTOR, noun Chief pastor, the shepherd and bishop of our souls.

Barrow.

Archphilosopher

ARCHPHILOS'OPHER, noun A chief philosopher.

Hooker.

Archpillar

ARCHPIL'LAR, noun The main pillar.

Harmar.

Archpoet

ARCHPO'ET, noun The principal poet.

Archpolitician

ARCHPOLITI'CIAN, noun [See Policy.] An eminent or distinguished politician.

Bacon.

Archpontiff

ARCHPON'TIFF, noun [See Pontiff.] A supreme pontiff or priest.

Burke.

Archprelate

ARCHPRE'LATE, noun [See Prelate.] The chief prelate.

Archpresbyter

ARCHPRES'BYTER, noun [See Presbyter.] A chief presbyter or priest.

Encyc.

Archpresbytery

ARCHPRES'BYTERY, noun The absolute dominion of presbytery, or the chief presbytery.

Milton.

Archpriest

ARCHPRIE'ST, noun [See Priest.] A chief priest.

Encyc.

Archprimate

ARCHPRI'MATE, noun The chief primate; an archbishop.

Milton.

Archprophet

ARCHPROPH'ET, noun Chief prophet.

Warton.

Archprotestant

ARCHPROT'ESTANT, noun A principal or distinguished protestant.

Archpublican

ARCHPUB'LICAN, noun The distinguished publican.

Hall.

Archrebel

ARCHREB'EL, noun The chief rebel.

Milton.

Archtraitor

ARCHTRA'ITOR, noun A principal traitor.

Archtreasurer

ARCHTREAS'URER, noun [See Treasure.]

The great treasurer of the German empire; a dignity claimed by the elector of Hanover.

Guthrie.

Archtreasurership

ARCHTREAS'URERSHIP, noun The office of archtreasurer.

Collins' Peerage.

Archtyrant

ARCHTY'RANT, noun A principal or great tyrant.

Hall.

Archvillain

ARCHVIL'LAIN, noun [See Villain.] A chief or great villain.

Shak.

Archvillany

ARCHVIL'LANY, noun Great villany.

Archwise

`ARCHWISE, adverb [arch and wise. See Wise.] In the form of an arch.

Arctation

ARCTA'TION, or ARC'TITUDE, noun [Latin arctus, tight.] Preternatural straightness; constipation from inflammation.

Coxe.

Arctic

ARC'TIC, adjective [Greek, a bear, and a northern constellation so called. Welsh arth; Irish art, a bear.]

Northern; pertaining to the northern constellation, called the bear; as, the arctic pole, circle, region or sea.

The arctic circle is a lesser circle parallel to the equator, 23Ã‚-° 28' from the north pole. This, and the antarctic circle, are called the polar circles, and within these lie the frigid zones.

Arcturus

ARCTU'RUS, noun [Greek, a bear, and, tail.] A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes.

Encyc.

Arcuate

`ARCUATE, adjective [Latin arcuatus. See Arc.] Bent or curved in the form of a bow.

Martyn. Bacon. Ray.

Arcuation

ARCUA'TION, noun The act of bending; incurvation; the state of being bent; curvity; crookedness; great convexity of the thorax.

Coxe.

2. A method of raising trees by layers; that is, by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth, three inches deep upon the joints; making a bason of earth to hold the water. When these have taken root, they are removed into a nursery.

Chambers. Encyc.

Arcubalist

`ARCUBALIST, noun [Latin arcus, a bow, and balista, an engine for throwing stones.] A cross-bow.

Warton.

Arcubalister

ARCUBALIS'TER, noun A cross-bowman; one who used the arbalist.

Camden.

Ard

`ARD, the termination of many English words, is the German art, species, kind; Swedish and Danish art, mode, nature, genius, form; German arten, to take after, resemble; Swedish arta, to form or fashion; German artig, of the nature of, also comely; Danish and Swedish artig, beautiful; Dutch aarden, to take after, resemble; aardig, genteel, pretty, ingenious. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper; Giffard, a disposition to give, liberality;

Bernard, filial affection; standard, drunkard, dotard, &c.

Ardency

`ARDENCY, noun [Latin ardens, from ardeo, to burn.]

Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or zeal.

Ardent

`ARDENT, adjective Hot; burning; that causes a sensation of burning; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled spirits; an ardent fever.

2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; as ardent eyes.

3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; affectionate; much engaged; zealous; as, ardent love or vows; ardent zeal.

Ardently

`ARDENTLY, adverb With warmth; affectionately; passionately.

Ardentness

`ARDENTNESS, noun Ardency.

Ardor

`ARDOR, noun [Latin] Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays.

2. Warmth, or heat, applied to the passions and affections; eagerness; as, he pursues study with ardor; they fought with ardor.

Milton uses the word for person or spirit, bright and effulgent, but by an unusual license.

Arduous

`ARDUOUS, adjective [Latin arduus; Irish ard, high; Welsh hardh; Irish airdh, high, highth.]

1. High, lofty, in a literal sense; as, arduous paths.

Pope.

2. Difficult; attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise.

Arduously

`ARDUOUSLY, adverb In an arduous manner; with laboriousness.

Arduousness

`ARDUOUSNESS, noun Highth; difficulty of execution.

Are

ARE. The plural of the substantive verb; but a different word from be, am or was. It is from the Swedish vara, Danish voerer, to be, to exist; v or w being lost. We are; ye or you are; they are; past tense plural were. It is usually pronounced Ãƒ- r.

A-Re

A-RE, or ALAM:IRE, The lowest note, except one, in Guido's scale of music.

Shak.

Area

A'REA, noun [Latin I suspect this to be contracted from Chaldee, an area or bed; Hebrew; from a root which signifies to reach, stretch, lay or spread.]

1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a room, of a church or other building, or of the ground.

2. The space or site on which a building stands; or of any inclosure.

3. In geometry, the superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; as the area of a square or a triangle.

4. Among physicians, baldness; an empty space; a bald space produced by alopeey; also a name of the disease.

Coxe. Parr.

5. In mining, a compass of ore allotted to diggers.

Coxe.

Aread

AREA'D, or AREE'D, verb transitive [Saxon aredan.] To counsel; to advise. Obs.

Spenser.

Areal

A'REAL, adjective Pertaining to an area; as areal interstices.

Barton.

Areek

AREE'K, adverb In a reeking condition. [See Reek.]

Swift.

Arefaction

AREFAC'TION, noun [Latin arefacio, to dry, from areo.] The act of drying; the state of growing dry.

Bacon.

Arefy

AR'EFY, verb transitive To dry or make dry.

Bacon.

Arena

ARE'NA, noun [Latin sand.] An open space of ground, strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient Rome, exhibited shows of fighting for the amusement of spectators. Hence, a place for public exhibition.

Adam's Rom. Ant. Ray.

2. Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys.

Arenaceous

ARENA'CEOUS, adjective [from arena, sand.] Sandy; having the properties of sand.

Woodward.

2. Brittle; as arenaceous limestone.

Kirwan.

Arenation

ARENA'TION, noun Among physicians, a sand bath; a sprinkling of hot sand upon a diseased person.

Coxe.

Arendalite

AREN'DALITE, noun In mineralogy, another name of epidote, or pistacite; epidote being the name given to it by HaÃƒ-¼y, and pistacite by Werner. [See Epidote.]

Arendator

ARENDA'TOR, noun [Russian arenda, a farm. Qu. Spanish arrendar, to rent.]

In Livonia and other provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents; one who contracts with the crown for the rents of the farms. He who rents an estate belonging to the crown, is called Crown-arendator. Arende is a term used both for the estate let to farm, and the sum for which it is rented.

Tooke's Russ. ii. 288.

Arenilitic

ARENILIT'IC, adjective [arena, sand, and, a stone.]

Pertaining to sand stone; consisting of sand-stone; as arenilitic mountains.

Kirwan.

Arenose

ARENO'SE, or AR'ENOUS, adjective Sandy; full of sand.

Johnson.

Areole

AR'EOLE, or AREO'LA, noun [Latin] The colored circle round the nipple, or round a pustule.

Encyc. Coxe.

Areometer

AREOM'ETER, noun [Greek, rare, thin, and, to measure.]

An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

Fourcroy.

Areometrical

AREOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to an areometer.

Areometry

AREOM'ETRY, noun The measuring or act of measuring the specific gravity of fluids.

Areopagitic

AREOPAGIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Areopagus.

Mitford.

Areopagite

AREOP'AGITE, noun A member of the Areopagus, which see. Acts 17:34.

Areopagus

AREOP'AGUS, noun [Greek, Mars, and, hill.]

A sovereign tribunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality of its decisions. It was originally held on a hill in the city; but afterward removed to the Royal Porlico, an open square, where the judges sat in the open air, inclosed by a cord. Their sessions were in the night, that they might not be diverted by objects of sight, or influenced by the presence and action of the speakers. By a law of Solon, no person could be a member of this tribunal, until he had been archon or chief magistrate. This court took cognizance of high crimes, impiety and immorality, and watched over the laws and the public treasury.

Lempriere. Encyc. Pausanias. Acts 17:19.

Areotic

AREOT'IC, adjective [Greek, thin.] Attenuating; making thin, as in liquids; rare-fying.

Areotic

AREOT'IC, noun A medicine, which attenuates the humors, dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspiration; an attenuant.

Quincy. Coxe.

Aretology

ARETOL'OGY, noun [Greek, virtue, and, discourse.]

That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature and the means of attaining to it. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Argal

`ARGAL, noun Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adhering to the sides of wine casks.

Johnson. Coxe.

Argean

ARGE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Argo or the Ark.

Faber.

Argent

`ARGENT, noun [Latin argentum; Greek, silver, from, white; Irish arg, white; airgiod, silver, money; French argent, money; Sanscrit rajatam, Qu.]

1. The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness.

Encyc.

2. adjective Silvery; of a pale white, like silver.

Johnson. Encyc.

3. adjective Bright.

Ask of yonder argent fields above.

Pope.

Argental

ARGENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to silver; consisting of silver; containing silver; combined with silver; applied to the native amalgam of silver, as argental mercury.

Cleaveland.

Argentate

`ARGENTATE, noun A combination of the argentic acid with another substance.

Argentation

ARGENTA'TION, noun An overlaying with silver.

Johnson.

Argent-Horned

`ARGENT-HORNED, adjective Silver horned.

Argentic

ARGENT'IC, adjective Pertaining to silver; the argentic acid is a saturated combination of silver and oxygen. This is yet hypothetical.

Lavoisier.

Argentiferous

ARGENTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin argentum, silver, and fero, to produce.] Producing silver; as argentiferous ore.

Kirwan.

Argentina

ARGENTI'NA, or `ARGENTINE, noun In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the order of abdominals.

Argentina is also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed.

Encyc. Coxe.

Argentine

`ARGENTINE, adjective Like silver; pertaining to silver, or sounding like it.

Johnson.

Argentine

`ARGENTINE, noun In mineralogy, a subspecies of carbonate of lime, nearly pure; a mineral of a lamellated or slaty structure; its lamens usually curved or undulated; its surface is shining, or of a pearly luster. It is found in primitive rocks, and frequently in metallic veins.

Cleaveland.

Argil

`ARGIL, noun A species of the Ardea, or genus of cranes.

Argil

`ARGIL, noun [Latin argilla, white clay, from Greek, white.]

In a general sense, clay, or potter's earth; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alumine.

Fourcroy.

Argillaceous

ARGILLA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin argillaceus.] Partaking of the nature of clay; clayey; consisting of argil.

Kirwan.

Argilliferous

ARGILLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin argilla, clay, and fero, to produce.] Producing clay; applied to such earths as abound with argil.

Kirwan.

Argillite

`ARGILLITE, noun Argillaceous shist or slate; clay-slate. Its usual color is bluish, greenish or blackish gray.

Kirwan.

Argillitic

ARGILLIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to argillite.

Argillocalcite

ARGILLOCAL'CITE, noun [of argilla, clay, and calx, calcarious earth.]

A species of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay.

Kirwan.

Argillomurite

ARGILLOMU'RITE, noun [of argilla, clay, and muria, brine or salt water; magnesia being obtained from sea-salt.]

A species of earth consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, alumine and lime; a variety of Magnesite.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Argillous

ARGIL'LOUS, adjective Consisting of clay; clayey; partaking of clay; belonging to clay.

Brown.

Argive

`ARGIVE, adjective Designating what belongs to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were called Argivi. This name however is used by the poets for the Greeks in general.

Paus. Trans.

Argo

ARGO, noun The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the golden fleece.

Argo-Navis

ARGO-NAVIS, the ship Argo, is a constellation in the southern hemisphere, whose stars, in the British catalogue, are sixty-four.

Encyc.

Argoan

ARGO'AN, adjective Pertaining to the ship Argo.

Faber.

Argolic

ARGOL'IC, adjective Belonging to Argolis, a territory or district of Peloponnese, between Arcadia and the Egean sea; as the Argolic Gulf.

D'Anville.

Argolics

ARGOL'ICS, noun The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which treats of Argolis.

Trans. B. ii. 15.

Argonaut

ARGONAUT, noun [of, Jason's ship, and, a sailor.]

One of the persons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece.

Cicero. Pliny. Sir Welsh Jones.

Argonauta

ARGONAUT'A, noun [See Argonaut.]

A genus of shell-fish, of the order of vermes testacea. The shell consists of one spiral involuted valve. There are several species; one of which is the Argo, with a subdentated carina, the famous nautilus, which, when it sails, extends two of its arms, spreading a membrane, which serves for a sail, and six other arms are thrown out, for rowing or steering.

Encyc. Cuvier.

Argonautic

ARGONAUT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Argonauts, or to their voyage to Colchis; as the Argonautic story.

Sir Welsh Jones.

Argonautics

ARGONAUT'ICS, noun A poem on the subject of Jason's voyage, or the expedition of the Argonauts; as, the Argonautics of Orpheus, of V. Flaccus, and of Apollonius Rhodius.

Encyc.

Argosy

`ARGOSY, noun [Spanish argos, Jason's ship.] A large merchantman; a carrac.

Shak.

Argue

`ARGUE, verb intransitive [Latin arguo, to show, argue, accuse or convict; French arguer; Spanish arguir; Italian arguire. The radical sense of argue is to urge, drive, press, or struggle.]

1. To reason; to invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion or measure; as, A argues in favor of a measure; B argues against it.

2. To dispute; to reason with; followed by with; as, you may argue with your friend, a week, without convincing him.

Argue

ARGUE, verb transitive To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel argued the cause before the supreme court; the cause was well argued.

2. To prove or evince; to manifest by inference or deduction; or to show reasons for; as, the order visible in the universe argues a divine cause.

3. To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different opinion.

4. Formerly, to accuse or charge with; a Latin sense, now obsolete; as, to argue one of profaneness.

Dryden.

Argued

`ARGUED, participle passive Debated; discussed; evinced; accused.

Arguer

`ARGUER, noun One who argues; a reasoner; a disputer; a controvertist.

Arguing

`ARGUING, participle of the present tense Inventing and offering reasons; disputing; discussing; evincing; accusing.

Arguing

`ARGUING, noun Reasoning; argumentation.

What doth your arguing reprove? Job 6.

Argument

`ARGUMENT, noun [Latin argumentum.]

1. A reason offered for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure; a reason offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; followed by for or against.

2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, which are indisputable, or at least of probable truth.

Encyc.

3. The subject of a discourse or writing.

Milton. Shak.

4. An abstract or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects.

5. A debate or discussion; a series of reasoning; as, an argument was had before the court, in which argument, all the reasons were urged.

6. In astronomy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, proportional to the first.

Chambers.

Argumental

ARGUMENT'AL, adjective Belonging to argument; consisting in argument.

Pope.

Argumentation

ARGUMENTA'TION, noun Reasoning; the act of reasoning; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion. The operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.

Encyc. Watts.

Argumentative

ARGUMENT'ATIVE, adjective Consisting of argument; containing a process of reasoning; as an argumentative discourse.

2. Showing reasons for; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator.

Argumentatively

ARGUMENT'ATIVELY, adverb In an argumentative manner.

Taylor.

Argus

`ARGUS, noun A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard Io. The origin of this being may perhaps be found in the Teutonic word arg, crafty, cunning, of which the hundred eyes are symbolical.

Argus-Shell

ARGUS-SHELL, noun A species of porcelain-shell, beautifully variegated with spots, resembling, in some measure, a peacock's tail.

Encyc.

Argute

ARGU'TE, adjective [Latin argutus.] Sharp; shrill; witty. [Little used.]

Arguteness

ARGU'TENESS, noun Acuteness; wittiness. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Arian

A'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century; or to his doctrines.

Arian

A'RIAN, noun One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be a created being, inferior to God the father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all created beings; and also that the Holy Spirit is not God, but created by the power of the Son.

Encyc.

Arianism

A'RIANISM, noun The doctrines of the Arians.

Arianize

A'RIANIZE, verb intransitive To admit the tenets of the Arians.

Worthington.

Arid

AR'ID, adjective [Latin aridus, dry, from areo, to be dry.]

Dry; exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; as an arid waste.

Thomson.

Aridas

AR'IDAS, noun A kind of taffety, from the East Indies, made of thread, from certain plants.

Encyc.

Aridity

ARID'ITY, or AR'IDNESS, noun Dryness; a state of being without moisture.

Arbuthnot.

2. A dry state of the body; emaciation; the withering of a limb.

Coxe.

Aries

A'RIES, noun [Latin from the Celtic. Irish reithe, or receith; Cornish urz, a ram; Welsh hwrz, a thrust, a ram.]

The ram, a constellation of fixed stars, drawn on the globe, in the figure of a ram. It is the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of March.

Arietate

AR'IETATE, verb intransitive [Latin arieto, from aries.]

To butt, as a ram. [Not used.]

Johnson.

Arietation

ARIETA'TION, noun The act of butting, as a ram. The act of battering with the aries or battering ram.

Bacon.

2. The act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.]

Glanville.

Arietta

ARIET'TA, noun [Italian] A short song; an air, or little air.

Aright

ARI'GHT, adverb [a and right. Saxon gericht.] Rightly; in a right form; without mistake or crime.

Aril

AR'IL, or ARIL'LUS, noun The exterior coat or covering of a seed, fixed to it at the base only, investing it wholly or partially, and falling off spontaneously; by some writers called, from the Greek, Calyptra. It is either succulent, or cartilaginous; colored, elastic, rough or knotted.

Linne. Milne. Martyn. Smith.

Arillated

AR'ILLATED, or AR'ILLED, adjective Having an exterior covering or aril, as coffee.

Encyc. Eaton.

Ariman

AR'IMAN, or AR'IMA, or AH'RIMAN, noun [Persian ahriman. Sanscrit ari, a foe.]

The evil genius or demon of the Persians; opposed to yezad, yezdan, ormozd, or hormizda, the good demon. The ancient magi held, that there are two deities or principles; one the author of all good, eternally absorbed in light; the other, the author of all evil, forever buried in darkness; or the one represented by light; the other by darkness. The latter answers to the loke of the Seandinavians, whose Celtic name, lock, signifies darkness. Originally, the Persians held these demons or principles to be equal, and from all eternity; but the moderns maintain that the evil principle is an inferior being. So the devil is called the prince of darkness.

Encyc. Gibbon. As. Researches.

Ariolation

ARIOLA'TION or HARIOLA'TION, noun [Latin ariolus or hariolus, a sooth sayer.]

A soothsaying; a foretelling.

Brown.

Arioso

ARIO'SO, adjective [Italian from aria, air.] Light; airy.

Italian Dict.

But according to Rousseau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bordering on the majestic style of a capital air.

Cyc.

Arise

ARI'SE, v. i. s as z. pret. arose; pp. arisen; pron. arize, aroze, arizn. [Saxon arisan; Dutch ryzen; Gothic reisan. It may be allied to Arabic to be the head or chief; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic head, origin.]

1. To ascend, mount up or move to a higher place; as, vapors arise from humid places.

2. To emerge from below the horizon; as, the sun or a star arises or rises.

3. To get out of bed; to leave the place or state of rest; or to leave a sitting or lying posture.

The king arose early and went to the den. Danish vi.

4. To begin; to spring up; to originate.

A persecution arose about Stephen. Acts 11.

5. To revive from death; to leave the grave.

Many bodies of saints arose. Matthew 27.

Figuratively, to awake from a state of sin and stupidity; to repent.

Arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee life. Ephesians 5.

6. To begin to act; to exert power; to move from a state of inaction.

Let God arise; let his enemies be scattered. Psalm 68.

7. To appear, or become known; to become visible, sensible or operative.

To you shall the sun of righteousness arise. Matthew 4.

Till the day star shall arise in your hearts. 2 Peter 1.

8. To be put in motion; to swell or be agitated; as, the waves arose.

9. To be excited or provoked; as, the wrath of the king shall arise.

10. To emerge from poverty, depression or distress.

By whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. Amos 7.

11. To appear in a particular character; to enter upon an office.

There arose a new king who knew not Joseph. Exodus 1.

12. To begin sedition, insurrection, or mutiny; as, the men arose, or rose upon their officers.

13. To invade, assault or begin hostility; followed by against.

When he arose against me, I caught him by the beard. I Samaritan xvii.

In this sense, the word against really belongs to the verb, and is necessary to give it this meaning. [See Rise, another form of this verb, which has the same signification, and is more generally used in popular language.]

Arising

ARI'SING, participle of the present tense Ascending; moving upward; originating or proceeding; getting up; springing up; appearing.

Arista

ARIST'A, noun [Latin] In botany, awn, the long pointed beard which issues from the husk, or scaly flower cup of the grasses, called the glume.

Milne.

Aristarchy

ARISTAR'CHY, noun [Greek, best, and, rule.]

A body of good men in power, or government by excellent men.

Harington.

Aristocracy

ARISTOC'RACY, noun [Greek, best, and, to hold or govern.]

A form of government, in which the whole supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state; or in a few men distinguished by their rank and opulence. When the supreme power is exercised by a small number, the government is called an oligarchy. The latter word however is usually applied to a corrupted form of aristocracy.

Aristocrat

ARIST'OCRAT, noun One who favors an aristocracy in principle or practice; one who is a friend to an aristocratical form of government.

Burke.

Aristocratic

ARISTOCRAT'IC, or ARISTOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to aristocracy; consisting in a government of nobles, or principal men; as an aristocratic constitution.

2. Partaking of aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners.

Aristocratically

ARISTOCRAT'ICALLY, adverb In an aristocratical manner.

Aristocraticalness

ARISTOCRAT'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being aristocratical.

Aristotelian

ARISTOTE'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Aristotle, a celebrated philosopher, who was born at Stagyra, in Macedon, about 384 years before Christ. The Aristotelian philosophy is otherwise called peripatetic.

Aristotelian

ARISTOTE'LIAN, noun A follower of Aristotle, who was a disciple of Plato, and founded the sect of peripatetics. [See Peripatetic.]

Aristotelianism

ARISTOTE'LIANISM, noun The philosophy or doctrines of Aristotle.

Aristotelic

ARISTOTEL'IC, adjective Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.

The pernicious effects of the Aristotelic system.

Schlegel, Trans.

Arithmancy

AR'ITHMANCY, noun [Greek, number, and, divination.]

Divination or the foretelling of future events by the use or observation of numbers.

Arithmetic

ARITH'METIC, noun [Greek, to number, the art of numbering, from, number; from, number, rhythm, order, agreement.]

The science of numbers, or the art of computation. The various operations of arithmetic are performed by addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Arithmetic

ARITHMET'IC, or ARITHMET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic.

Arithmetically

ARITHMET'ICALLY, adverb According to the rules, principles or method of arithmetic.

Arithmetician

ARITHMETI'CIAN, noun One skilled in arithmetic, or versed in the science of numbers.

Ark

`ARK, noun [French arche; Latin arca; Spanish Portugese Italian arca, a chest or coffer; Irish airg, airk; Saxon erc or erk; German arche; Dutch arke; Chaldee.]

1. A small close vessel, chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the tables of the covenant among the Jews. This was about three feet nine inches in length. The lid was the propitiatory, or mercy seat, over which were the cherubs. The vessel in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrushes.

2. The large floating vessel, in which Noah and his family were preserved, during the deluge.

3. A depository.

Arise, O Lord, into thy rest, thou and the ark of thy strength. Psalm 132.

4. A large boat used on American rivers, to transport produce to market.

Arkite

`ARKITE, noun A term used by Bryant to denote one of the persons who were preserved in the ark; or who, according to pagan fables, belonged to the ark.

Arkite

`ARKITE, adjective Belonging to the ark.

Bryant. Faber.

Arktizite

`ARKTIZITE, or `ARCTIZITE, noun A mineral, now called Wernerite.

Arm

`ARM, noun [Saxon arm, earm; Dutch German Swedish Danish arm; Latin armus, an arm, a shoulder, a wing. In Russian a shoulder is ramo, which may be the same word as the Latin armus. If so, this word belongs to the root, Rm, coinciding with Latin ramus, a branch, that is, a shoot, like the Celtic braich, Latin brachium. But if the Latin armus is directly from the Greek, a joint, it would seem to be formed from Greek, to fit.]

1. The limb of the human body, which extends from the shoulder to the hand.

2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. The limbs of animals are also sometimes called arms.

3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea.

4. Figuratively, power, might, strength; as the secular arm. In this sense the word is often used in the scriptures.

To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed. Isaiah 53.

Arm

`ARM, verb transitive [Latin armo; French armer; Spanish armar; Italian armare; from Latin arma.]

1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense, or defense; as, to arm the militia.

2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security; as, to arm the hilt of a sword.

3. To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify.

Arm yourselves with the same mind. I Peter 4.

Arm

`ARM, verb intransitive To provide with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms; as, the nations arm for war.

This verb is not really intransitive in this use, but reciprocal, the pronoun being omitted. The nations armÃ‚--for, the nations arm themselves.

Armada

ARMA'DA, noun [Spanish from arma.]

A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called the Invincible Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended to act against England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, A. Dutch 1588.

Armadillo

ARMADIL'LO, noun [Spanish; so called from being armed with a bony shell.]

A quadruped peculiar to America, called also tatoo, and in zoology, the dasypus. This animal has neither fore-teeth, nor dog-teeth; it is covered with a hard, bony shell, divided into movable belts, except on the forehead, shoulders and haunches, where it is not movable. The belts are connected by a membrane, which enables the animal to roll itself up like a hedge hog. These animals burrow in the earth, where they lie during the day time, seldom going abroad except at night. They are of different sizes; the largest 3 feet in length, without the tail. They subsist chiefly on fruits and roots; sometimes on insects and flesh. When attacked, they roll themselves into a ball, presenting their armor on all sides to any assailant; but they are inoffensive, and their flesh is esteemed good food.

Encyc.

Armament

`ARMAMENT, noun [Latin armamenta, utensils, tackle, from arma.]

A body of forces equipped for war; used of a land or naval force. It is more generally used of a naval force, including ships, men and all the necessary furniture for war.

Armamentary

ARMAMENT'ARY, noun An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [Rarely used.]

Armature

`ARMATURE, noun [Latin armatura.]

1. Armor; that which defends the body. It comprehends whatever is worn for defense of the body, and has been sometimes used for offensive weapons. Armature, like arms and armor, is used also of the furniture of animals and vegetables, evidently intended for their protection; as prickles, spines and horns.

2. In ancient military art, an exercise performed with missive weapons, as darts, spears and arrows.

Encyc.

Armed

`ARMED, participle passive Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security; fortified, in a moral sense.

2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a different color from the rest of the body.

Chambers.

3. Capped and cased, as the load stone; that is, set in iron.

An armed ship is one which is taken into the service of government for a particular occasion, and armed like a ship of war.

Armenia

ARME'NIA, adjective Pertaining to Armenia, a country and formerly, a kingdom, in Asia, divided into Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is now called Turcomania.

Armenian

ARME'NIAN, noun A native of Armenia, or the language of the country.

Sir Welsh Jones.

Armenian bole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found in other countries. But the term, being of uncertain signification, is rejected in modern mineralogy. [See Bole]

Cronstedt. Kirwan.

Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious earth or gypsum, with the oxyd of copper. It is too soft to give fire with steel, loses its color when heated, and does not admit of a polish.

Nicholson.

Arme-Puissant

ARME-PUIS'SANT, adjective [See Puissant.]

Powerful in arms.

Weever.

Armful

`ARMFUL, noun As much as the arms can hold.

Armgaunt

ARMGAUNT, adjective Slender, as the arm. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Armhole

`ARMHOLE, noun [arm and hole.] The cavity under the shoulder, or the armpit.

Bacon.

2. A hole for the arm in a garment.

Armigerous

ARMIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin armiger; arma and gero.]

Literally, bearing arms. But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in degree to a knight. In times of chivalry, it signified an attendant on a knight, or other person of rank, who bore his shield and rendered him other military services. So in antiquity, Abimilech, Saul, &c. had their armor bearers. Judges 9:1 Samuel 16. As had Hector and Achilles. Homer. This title, under the French princes, in England, was exchanged, in common usage, for esquire, French ecuyer, a word of similar import, from ecu, Latin scutum, a shield. Armiger is still retained with us, as a title of respect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire, which see.

Spelman.

Armillary

`ARMILLARY, adjective [Latin armilla, a bracelet, from armus, the arm.]

Resembling a bracelet, or ring; consisting of rings or circles. It is chiefly applied to an artificial sphere, composed of a number of circles of the mundane sphere, put together in their natural order, to assist in giving a just conception of the constitution of the heavens, and the motions of the celestial bodies. This artificial sphere revolves upon its axis within a horizon, divided into degrees, and movable every way upon a brass supporter.

Encyc.

Arming

`ARMING, participle of the present tense Equipping with arms; providing with the means of defense or attack; also, preparing for resistance in a moral sense.

Armings

`ARMINGS, noun The same as waist-clothes, hung about a ship's upper works.

Chambers.

Arminian

ARMIN'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Arminius, or designating his principles.

Arminian

ARMIN'IAN, noun One of a sect or party of Christians, so called from Arminius, or Harmansen, of Holland, who flourished at the close of the 16th century, and beginning of the 17th. The Arminian doctrines are, 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God; but that this grace is not irresistible and may be lost; so that men may relapse from a state of grace and die in their sins.

Encyc.

Arminianism

ARMIN'IANISM, noun The peculiar doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.

Armipotence

ARMIP'OTENCE, noun [arma and potentia. See Potency.]

Power in arms.

Johnson.

Armipotent

ARMIP'OTENT, adjective Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.

Dryden.

Armisonous

ARMIS'ONOUS, adjective [arma and sonus. See Sound.]

Sounding or rustling in arms.

Johnson.

Armistice

`ARMISTICE, noun [Latin arma and sisto, to stand still, Greek; Spanish armisticio; Italian armistizio; French armistice.]

A cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention; a truce; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the parties.

Armless

`ARMLESS, adjective Without an arm; destitute of weapons.

Beaumont.

Armlet

`ARMLET, noun [dim. of arm.] A little arm; a piece of armor for the arm; a bracelet.

Dryden. Johnson.

Armor

`ARMOR, noun [from arm.]

1. Defensive arms; any habit worn to protect the body in battle; formerly called harness. A complete armor formerly consisted of a casque or helmet, a gorget, cuirass, gauntlets, tasses, brassets, cuishes, and covers for the legs to which the spurs were fastened.

Encyc.

In English statutes, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war; including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statutes of armor directed what arms every man should provide, 27. Hen. II. and of Westminster. Hence armor includes all instruments of war.

Blackstone, B. iv. Chaldee 7. B. i. Chaldee 13. Hen. Hist. Brit. B. iii. Chaldee 1.

2. In a spiritual sense, a good conscience, faith and Christian graces are called armor. Romans 13. Ephesians 6:2 Corinthians 6.

Coat-armor is the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, &c.

Encyc.

Armor-Bearer

`ARMOR-BEARER, noun One who carries the armor of another.

Armorer

`ARMORER, noun A maker of armor or arms; a manufacturer of instruments of war. The armorer of a ship has the charge of the arms, to see that they are in a condition fit for service.

Armorial

ARMO'RIAL, adjective Belonging to armor, or to the arms or escutcheon of a family; as ensigns armorial.

Blackstone.

Armoric

ARMOR'IC, or ARMOR'ICAN, adjective [Celtic ar, upon, and mor, the sea; that is, maritime.]

Designating the northwestern part of France, formerly called Armorica, afterward Bretagne, or Britanny. This part of France is peopled by inhabitants who speak a dialect of the Celtic. It is usually supposed their ancestors were refugees or colonists from England.

Armoric

ARMOR'IC, noun The language of the Armoricans; one of the Celtic dialects which have remained to the present times.

Armorican

ARMOR'ICAN, noun A native of Armorica, or Bretagne.

Armorist

`ARMORIST, noun One skilled in heraldry.

Armory

`ARMORY, noun A place where arms, and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.

2. Armor; defensive arms.

Milton.

3. Ensigns armorial.

Spenser.

4. The knowledge of coat-armor; skill in heraldry.

Encyc.

Armpit

`ARMPIT, noun [arm and pit.] The hollow place or cavity under the shoulder.

Moxon.

Arms

`ARMS, noun plu. [Latin arma; French arme; Spanish Italian arma.]

1. Weapons of offense, or armor for defense and protection of the body.

2. War; hostility.

Arms and the man I sing.

Dryden.

To be in arms, to be in a state of hostility, or in a military life.

To arms is a phrase which denotes a taking arms for war or hostility; particularly, a summoning to war.

To take arms, is to arm for attack or defense.

Bred to arms denotes that a person has been educated to the profession of a soldier.

3. The ensigns armorial of a family; consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, &c., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.

4. In law, arms are any thing which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another.

Cowel. Blackstone.

5. In botany, one of the seven species of fulcra or props of plants, enumerated by Linne and others. The different species of arms or armor, are prickles, thorns, forks and stings, which seem intended to protect the plants from injury by animals.

Milne. Martyn.

Fire arms, are such as may be charged with powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c.

A stand of arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and belt, with a sword. But for common soldiers a sword is not necessary.

In falconry, arms are the legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot.

Encyc.

Arms-End

ARMS-END, noun At the end of the arms; at a good distance; a phrase taken from boxers or wrestlers.

Army

`ARMY, noun [French armÃƒ-©e; Irish arbhar, or armhar; from the common root of arm, armo, arma.]

1. A collection or body of men armed for war, and organized in companies, battallions, regiments, brigades and divisions, under proper officers. In general, an army in modern times consists of infantry and cavalry, with artillery; although the union of all is not essential to the constitution of an army. Among savages, armies are differently formed.

2. A great number; a vast multitude; as an army of locusts or caterpillars.

Joel 2:25.

Arnoldist

`ARNOLDIST, noun A disciple of Arnold of Brescia, who in the 12th century, preached against the Romish Church, for which he was banished; but he was afterwards permitted to return. By his preaching an insurrection was excited, for which he was condemned and executed.

Encyc.

Arnot

`ARNOT, noun A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut.

Arnotto

ARNOT'TO, noun The Anotta, which see. Also a tree so called.

Arnuts

`ARNUTS, noun Tall oat grass.

Aroma

ARO'MA, or AR'OMA, noun [Greek.] The quality of plants which constitutes their fragrance, which is perceived by an agreeable smell, or a warm spicy taste.

Aromatic

AROMAT'IC, or AROMAT'ICAL, adjective Fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; having an agreeable odor.

Aromatic

AROMAT'IC, noun A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant smell, or a warm pungent taste; as sage, summer savory, geranium, sweet marjoram, &c.

Milne.

Aromatite

AR'OMATITE, noun A bituminous stone, in smell and color resembling myrrh.

Coxe.

Aromatization

AROMATIZA'TION, noun The act of impregnating or scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic.

Aromatize

AR'OMATIZE, verb transitive To impregnate with aroma; to infuse an aromatic odor; to give a spicy scent or taste; to perfume.

Bacon.

Aromatized

AR'OMATIZED, participle passive Impregnated with aroma; rendered fragrant.

Aromatizer

AR'OMATIZER, noun That which communicates an aromatic quality.

Evelyn.

Aromatizing

AR'OMATIZING, participle of the present tense Rendering spicy; impregnating with aroma.

Aromatous

ARO'MATOUS, adjective Containing aroma, or the principle of fragrance.

Aroph

AR'OPH, noun [A contraction of aroma philosophorum.]

1. A name by which saffron is sometimes called.

2. A chimical preparation of Paracelsus, formed by sublimation from equal quantities of hematite and sal ammoniac. The word is also used by the same writer as synonymous with lithontriptic, a solvent for the stone.

Encyc. Coxe.

Arose

ARO'SE. The past or preterite tense of the verb, to arise.

Around

AROUND', preposition [a and round. See Round.]

1. About; on all sides; encircling; encompassing; as, a lambent flame around his brows.

Dryden.

2. In a looser sense, from place to place; at random.

Around

AROUND', adverb In a circle; on every side.

2. In a looser sense, at random; without any fixed direction; as, to travel around from town to town. [See Round.]

Aroura

AROURA, noun [Greek] A Grecian measure of fifty feet. Also, a square measure of half the plethron, a measure not ascertained. The Egyptian aroura was the square of a hundred feet or a hundred cubits.

Encyc. Arbuth.

Arouse

AROUSE, v. t. arouz'. [In Heb; Arabic haratza, to stir, to excite. It is often contracted into rouse. It may be allied to Dutch raazen; German brausen, to rage, to stir, bluster; Class Rs.]

To excite into action, that which is at rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion, that which is languid; as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties.

Aroused

AROUS'ED, participle passive Excited into action; put in motion.

Arousing

AROUS'ING, participle of the present tense Putting in motion; stirring; exciting into action or exertion.

Arow

AROW, adverb [a and row.] In a row; successively.

Sidney. Shak.

Aroynt

AROYNT', adverb Be gone; away. Obs.

Shak.

Arpeggio

ARPEG'GIO, noun [From Italian arpa, a harp.] The distinct sound of the notes of an instrumental chord, accompanying the voice.

Walker.

Arpent

`ARPENT, noun [French arpent; Norm. arpen. In Domesday, it is written arpennus, arpendus, and arpent. Columella mentions that the arepennis was equal to half the Roman juger. The word is supposed to be corrupted from arvipendium, or aripennium, the measuring of land with a cord. Spelman. Lunier.]

A portion of land in France, ordinarily containing one hundred square rods or perches, each of 18 feet. But the arpent is different in different parts of France. The arpent of Paris contains 900 square toises. It is less than the English acre, by about one seventh.

Spelman. Encyc. Cowel. Arthur Young.

Arquebusade

ARQUEBUSA'DE, noun A distilled liquor applied to a bruise.

Chesterfield.

2. The shot of an arquebuse.

Ash.

Arquebuse

`ARQUEBUSE, or H'ARQUEBUSE, noun [French from arquer, to make crooked, and the Teutonic bus, a pipe, a gun; Dutch bus, a tube, pipe, gun; Swedish bossa, a gun or cannon. Hence the word signifies a hook gun.]

A hand gun; a species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked with a wheel. It carried a ball that weighed nearly two ounces. A larger kind, used in fortresses, carried a ball of three ounces and a half.

Encyc.

Arquebusier

ARQUEBUSIE'R, noun A soldier armed with an arquebuse.

Arrach

AR'RACH, noun A plant. See Orrach.

Arrack

ARRACK', noun contracted into rack. A spirituous liquor imported from the East Indies. The name is said to signify, in the East, any spirituous liquor; but that which usually bears this name is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the cocoanut tree, procured by incision. Some persons alledge it to be a spirit distilled from rice or sugar, fermented with the juice of the cocoa-nut.

Arragonite

AR'RAGONITE, noun [From Molina in Arragon, Spain.]

In mineralogy, a species of carbonate of lime, but not pure, and said to contain 3 or 4 per cent. of carbonate of strontian. It differs from pure carbonate of lime, in hardness, specific gravity, crystaline structure, &c. It is harder than calcarious spar, and exhibits several varieties of structure and form. It is often crystalized, generally in hexahedral prisms or pyramids. The massive varieties have usually a fibrous structure, exhibiting various imitative forms, being sometimes coraloidal.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland. Stromeyer.

Arraign

ARRA'IGN, v. t. arra'ne. [Norm. arraner, arraisoner, and aresner, to put to answer, to arraign. The usual derivation of this word, from Saxon wregan, gewregan, to accuse, is probably incorrect. It appears to be of Norman origin, and if s is radical, it coincides in origin with Latin reus, contracted from the root of res.]

1. To call or set a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter charged against him in an indictment or information. When called, the indictment is read to him, and he is put to plead, guilty or not guilty, and to elect by whom he will be tried.

Blackstone.

2. According to Law writers, to set in order; to fit for trial; as, to arraign a writ of novel disseisin. To arraign the assize, is to cause the tenant to be called to make the plaint, and set the cause in order, that the tenant may be brought to answer.

Cowel.

3. To accuse; to charge with faults. Johnson. More correctly, to call before the bar of reason, or taste; to call in question, for faults, before any tribunal.

They will not arraign you for want of knowledge.

Dryden.

Arraign

ARRA'IGN, n. arra'ne. Arraignment; as, clerk of the arraigns.

Blackstone.

Arraigned

ARRA'IGNED, participle passive Called before a tribunal to answer, and elect triers; accused; called in question.

Arraigning

ARRA'IGNING, participle of the present tense Calling before a court or tribunal; accusing.

Arraignment

ARRA'IGNMENT, noun [Norm. arresnement, arraynement.]

The act of arraigning; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an accusation, and to choose his triers.

2. Accusation.

3. A calling in question for faults.

Arraiment

ARRA'IMENT, noun [See Array.] Clothes; garments. We now use raiment.

Arrange

ARRANGE, verb transitive [French arranger, of ad and ranger, to set in order; Armoric renega, rang, rank, a row or line. See Rank.]

1. To put in proper order; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as troops arranged for battle.

2. To adjust; to settle; to put in order; to prepare; a popular use of the word of very general application.

Arranged

ARRANGED, participle passive Put in order; disposed in the proper order; adjusted.

Arrangement

ARRANGEMENT, noun The act of putting in proper order; the state of being put in order; disposition in suitable form.

2. That which is disposed in order; system of parts disposed in due order.

The interest of that portion of social arrangement is in the hands of all those who compose it.

Burke.

3. Preparatory measure; previous disposition; as, we have made arrangements for receiving company.

4. Final settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a popular use of the word.

5. Classification of facts relating to a subject, in a regular, systematic order; as the Linnean arrangement of plants.

Arranger

ARRANGER, noun One that puts in order.

Arranging

ARRANGING, participle of the present tense Putting in due order or form; adjusting.

Arrant

AR'RANT adjective [I know not the origin of this word. It coincides in sense with the Welsh carn, notorious.]

Notorious, in an ill sense; infamous; mere; vile; as an arrant rogue or coward.

Arrantly

AR'RANTLY, adverb Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.

Arras

AR'RAS, noun [Said to be from Arras, the capital of Artois, in the French Netherlands, where this article is manufactured.]

Tapestry; hangings wove with figures.

Shak.

Array

ARRA'Y, noun [Norm. araie, and arraer, arair, to array, settle, prepare; ray, a robe and the array or pannel of the Jury; Old French arroi, a word contracted; Irish earradh, a suit of armor, furniture, accouterments, wares; Italian arredo, furniture, implements, rigging; arredare, to prepare or equip; Armoric reiza, to put in order or arrange; Spanish arreo, Portugese arreio, arreyo, array, dress; Portugese arrear, to dress. Class Rd., and allied to rod, radius, ray. The primary sense is to make straight or right. See Dress.]

1. Order; disposition in regular lines; as an army in battle array. Hence a posture of defense.

2. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person.

Dryden.

3. In law, the act of impanneling a jury; or a jury impanneled; that is, a jury set in order by the sheriff, or called man by man.

Blackstone. Cowel.

Commission of array, in English history, was a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war.

Blackstone.

Array

ARRA'Y, verb transitive To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle.

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; it is applied especially to dress of a splendid kind.

Array thyself with glory. Job 40.

Pharaoh arrayed Joseph with fine linen. Genesis 41.

3. To set a jury in order for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.

Blackstone. Cowel.

4. To envelop.

In gelid caves with horrid glooms arrayed.

Trumbull.

Arrayed

ARRA'YED, participle passive Set in order, or in lines; arranged in order for attack or defense; dressed; adorned by dress; impanneled, as a jury; enveloped.

Arrayer

ARRA'YER, noun One who arrays. In English history, an officer who had a commission of array, to put soldiers of a county in a condition for military service.

Arraying

ARRA'YING, participle of the present tense Setting in order; putting on splendid raiment; impanneling.

Arrear

ARRE'AR, adverb [French arriere, behind. In some of its uses it has the sense of lower, inferior. [See Arriere-ban.] Spanish and Portugese arriar, to lower sail; Armoric reor, revr, or refr, the fundament; Welsh rhevyr, id., from rhev, thick. Lunier deduces arrear and arriere from Latin ad and retro. But the derivation from the Celtic seems most probably correct.]

Behind; at the hinder part. Spenser. In this sense obsolete. But from this use, we retain the word as a noun in the phrase, in arrear, to signify behind in payment.

Arrear

ARRE'AR, noun That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due. It is generally used in the plural, as the arrears of rent, wages and taxes; and supposes a part of the money already paid.

Arrearage

ARRE'ARAGE, noun [arre r and the common French termination age.]

Arrears; any sum of money remaining unpaid, after previous payment of a part. A person may be in arrear for the whole amount of a debt; but arrears and arrear-age imply that a part has been paid.

Arrect

ARRECT', or ARRECT'ED, adjective [Latin arrectus, raised, erect, from arrigo. See Reach.]

Erect; attentive; as a person listening.

Akenside.

Arrentation

ARRENTA'TION, noun [Spanish arrendar, to rent, or take by lease; of ad and reddo, to return. See Rent.]

In the forest laws of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest, to inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in consideration of a yearly rent.

Cowel.

Arreptitious

ARREPTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin arreptus, of ad and rapio, to snatch. See Rapacious.]

1. Snatched away.

2. [ad and repo, to creep. See Creep.] Crept in privily.

Johnson. Bailey.

Arrest

ARREST', verb transitive [French arrÃƒ-ªter, for arrester; Spanish arrestar; Italian arrestare; Latin resto, to stop; Welsh araws, arosi, to stay, wait, dwell; to rest. See Rest.]

1. To obstruct; to stop; to check or hinder motion; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses.

2. To take, seize or apprehend by virtue of a warrant from authority; as, to arrest one for debt or for a crime.

3. To seize and fix; as, to arrest the eyes or attention.

The appearance of such a person in the world, and at such a period, ought to arrest the consideration of every thinking mind.

Buckminster.

4. To hinder, or restrain; as, to arrest the course of justice.

Arrest

ARREST', noun The taking or apprehending of a person by virtue of a warrant from authority. An arrest is made by seizing or touching the body.

2. Any seizure, or taking by power, physical or moral.

3. A stop, hindrance or restraint.

4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the staying or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes assigned. Courts have power to arrest judgment for intrinsic causes appearing upon the face of the record; as when the declaration varies from the original writ; when the verdict differs materially from the pleadings; or when the case laid in the declaration is not sufficient in point of law, to found an action upon. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.

Blackstone.

5. A mangy humor between the ham and pastern of the hind legs of a horse.

Johnson.

Arrestation

ARRESTA'TION, noun The act of arresting; an arrest, or seizure.

Arrested

ARREST'ED, participle passive Seized; apprehended; stopped; hindered; restrained.

Arrester

ARREST'ER, or ARREST'OR,, noun One who arrests. In Scots law, the person at whose suit an arrest is made.

Arresting

ARREST'ING, participle of the present tense Seizing; staying; hindering; restraining.

Arrestment

ARREST'MENT, noun In Scots law, an arrest, or detention of a criminal, till he finds caution or surety, to stand trial.

Also the order of a judge by which a debtor to the arrestor's debtor is prohibited to make payment, till the debt due to the arrestor is paid or secured.

Arret

ARRET', noun [Contracted from arrestÃƒ-©, French arrÃƒ-ªtÃƒ-©, fixed.]

The decision of a court, tribunal or council; a decree published; the edict of a sovereign prince.

Arret

ARRET', verb transitive To assign; to allot. Obs.

Spenser.

Arride

ARRI'DE, verb transitive [Latin arrideo.] To laugh at; to please well. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Arriere

ARRIE'RE, noun The last body of an army; now called rear, which see.

Arriere-ban, or ban and arriere ban. This phrase is defined to be a general proclamation of the French kings, by which not only their immediate feudatories, but their vassals, were summoned to take the field for war. In this case, arriere is the French word signifying those who are last or behind, and ban is proclamation. [See Ban.]

Arriere-fee or fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory.

Arriere vassal. The vassal of a vassal.

Arrival

ARRI'VAL, noun The coming to, or reaching a place, from a distance, whether by water, as in its original sense, or by land.

2. The attainment or gaining of any object, by effort, agreement, practice or study.

Arrivance

ARRI'VANCE, noun Company coming. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. Arrival; a reaching in progress. Obs.

Brown.

Arrive

ARRI'VE verb intransitive [French arriver; Armoric arrivont, arrivein; Italian arrivare; Spanish Portugese arribar; of ad and French rive, the shore or sloping bank of a river; Spanish ribera; Latin ripa; Sanscrit arivi. In Irish, airbhe is ribs. It appears that rib, rive and ripa are radically one word; in like manner, costa, a rib, and coast are radically the same.]

1. Literally, to come to the shore, or bank.

Hence to come to or reach in progress by water, followed by at. We arrived at Havre de Grace, July 10, 1824. N. Welsh

2. To come to or reach by traveling on land; as, the post arrives at 7 o'clock.

3. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, enquiry, reasoning or experiment; as, to arrive at an unusual degree of excellence or wickedness; to arrive at a conclusion.

4. To happen or occur.

He to whom this glorious death arrives.

Waller.

Arrive

ARRI'VE, verb transitive To reach. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Arriving

ARRI'VING, participle of the present tense Coming to, or reaching, by water or land; gaining by research, effort or study.

Arroba

ARRO'BA, noun [Arabic.] A weight in Portugal of thirty two pounds; in Spain, of twenty five pounds. Also a Spanish measure of thirty two Spanish pints.

Spanish Dictionary.

Arrogance

AR'ROGANCE, noun [Latin arrogantia, from arrogo, to claim; of ad and rogo, to beg, or desire; French arrogance; Armoric roguentez; Spanish Portugese arrogancia; Italian arroganza. See Arrogate.]

The act or quality of taking much upon one's self; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; conceitedness; presumption.

I will cause the arrogance of the proud to cease. Isaiah 13. I Samaritan ii. Proverbs 8.

Arrogancy

AR'ROGANCY, noun Arrogance. [This orthography is less usual.]

Arrogant

AR'ROGANT, adjective Assuming; making or having the disposition to make exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; haughty; conceited; applied to persons.

2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or self importance; applied to things; as arrogant pretensions or behavior.

Arrogantly

AR'ROGANTLY, adverb In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self importance.

Arrogantness

AR'ROGANTNESS, noun Arrogance. [Little used.]

Arrogate

AR'ROGATE, v.t. [Latin arrogo, of ad and rogo; French arroger; Spanish Portugese arrogar; Italian arrogare. The primary sense of rogo, to ask, is to reach or stretch.]

To assume, demand or challenge more than is proper; to make undue claims, from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit; as, the Pope arrogated dominion over kings.

Arrogated

AR'ROGATED, participle passive Claimed by undue pretensions.

Arrogating

AR'ROGATING, participle of the present tense Challenging or claiming more power or respect than is just or reasonable.

Arrogation

ARROGA'TION, noun The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to.

Arrogative

AR'ROGATIVE, adjective Assuming or making undue claims and pretensions.

More.

Arrondisment

ARROND'ISMENT, noun [from French arrondir, to make round; of ad and rond, round.]

A cireuit; a district; a division or portion of territory, in France, for the exercise of a particular jurisdiction.

Arrosion

ARRO'SION, n. s as z. [Latin arrodo.] A gnawing.

Arrow

AR'ROW, noun [Saxon arewa. Qu. ray, radius, a shoot.]

1. A missive weapon of offense, straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a bow.

2. In scripture, the arrows of God are the apprehensions of his wrath, which pierce and pain the conscience. Job 6. Psalm 38. In a like figurative manner, arrows represent the judgments of God, as thunder, lightning, tempests and famine. 2 Samuel 22. Ez. 5. Habakkuk 3. The word is used also for slanderous words and malicious purposes of evil men. Psalm 11. Proverbs 25. Jeremiah 9. Psalm 64.

Cruden. Brown.

Arrow-Grass

AR'ROW-GRASS, noun A plant or genus of plants; the Triglochin.

Muhlenberg.

Arrow-Head

AR'ROW-HEAD, noun The head of an arrow.

2. Sagittaria; a genus of aquatic plants, so called from the resemblance of the leaves to the point of an arrow.

Arrow-Root

AR'ROW-ROOT, noun The Maranta; a genus of plants, natives of the Indies. The Indians are said to employ the roots of the arundinacea, in extracting the virus of poisoned arrows; whence the name. There are several species. From the root of the arundinacea, or starch-plant, is obtained the arrow-root of the shops.

Encyc.

2. The starch of the maranta, or arrow-root, a nutritive medicinal food.

Arrowy

AR'ROWY, adjective Consisting of arrows.

Milton.

2. Formed like an arrow.

Cowper.

Arse

`ARSE, n. Ãƒ- rs. [Saxon earse; Dutch aars; German arsch; Persic, arsit, or arst.] The buttocks or hind part of an animal.

To hang an arse, is to lag behind; to be sluggish, or tardy.

Arse-Smart

`ARSE-SMART, noun The vulgar name of a species of polygonum, or knot-grass.

Arsenal

`ARSENAL, noun [Spanish Portugese Italian French Armoric a magazine or repository of stores; in Italian and Spanish, a dock or dock-yard; probably Latin arx navalis, a naval citadel or repository.]

A repository or magazine of arms and military stores, whether for land or naval service.

Arseniac

ARSE'NIAC or ARSEN'ICAL ACID. Arsenic combined with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenious acid. It is called arsenic acid by most authors.

Arseniate

ARSE'NIATE, noun A neutral salt, formed by arsenical acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base.

Lavoisier. Fourcroy.

Arsenic

`ARSENIC, noun [Arabic zirnakon; Syriac; zarnika; Greek; Latin arsenicum; Spanish arsenico; French arsenic.]

Arsenic, as it is usually seen in the shops, is not a metal, but an oxyd, from which the metal may be easily obtained by mixing it with half its weight of black flux, and introducing the mixture into a Florence flask, gradually raised to a red heat, in a sand bath. A brilliant metallic sublimate of pure arsenic collects in the upper part of the flask. Arsenic is of a steel blue color, quite brittle, and the metal with all its compounds, is a virulent poison, vulgarly called rats-bane. It forms alloys with most of the metals. Combined with sulphur it forms orpiment or realgar, which are the yellow and red sulphurets of arsenic. Orpiment is the true arsenicum of the ancients. Plin. 34, 18. Native orpiment appears in yellow, brilliant, and seemingly talcky masses of various sizes; realgar is red, of different shades, an often crystalized in needles. Arsenic is also found as a mineralizer in cobalt, antimony, copper, iron and silver ores. It is brought chiefly from the cobalt works in Saxony, where zaffer is made. Webster's Manual.

Fourcroy. >i>Nicholson. Cyc.

Arsenical

ARSEN'ICAL, adjective Belonging to arsenic: consisting of or containing arsenic.

Arsenicate

ARSEN'ICATE, verb transitive To combine with arsenic.

Arsenicated

ARSEN'ICATED, adjective Combined with arsenic.

Arsenious

ARSE'NIOUS, adjective Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. The arsenious acid, or white oxyd of arsenic, is a combination of arsenic with a less proportion of oxygen than in the arseniac acid.

Arsenite

`ARSENITE, noun A salt formed by the arsenious acid, with a base.

Arshine

`ARSHINE, noun A Russian measure of two feet, four inches and 242 decimals. This seems to be the Chinese arschin, of which four make three yards English.

Tooke's Russia. Encyc.

Arson

`ARSON, n. arsn. [Norm. French arsine, arseun; from Latin ardeo, arsum, to burn.]

In law, the malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony. The definition of this crime is varied by statutes in different countries and states. In Connecticut, the burning not only of a dwelling house or contiguous building, but of a ship or other vessel, is declared to be arson, if human life is thereby destroyed or put to hazard.

Art

`ART. The second person, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb am; but from were, Swedish vara, Danish voerer.

Art

`ART, noun [Latin ars, artis; probably contracted from the root of Welsh crez, Irish ceard. The radical sense is strength, from stretching, straining, the primary sense of strength and power, and hence of skill. See an analogy in can.]

1. The disposition or modification of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. In this sense art stands opposed to nature.

Bacon. Encyc.

2. A system of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; opposed to science, or to speculative principles; as the art of building or engraving. Arts are divided into useful or mechanic, and liberal or polite. The mechanic arts are those in which the hands and body are more concerned than the mind; as in making clothes, and utensils. These arts are called trades. The liberal or polite arts are those in which the mind or imagination is chiefly concerned; as poetry, music and painting.

In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity.

Irving.

3. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, acquired by experience, study or observation; as, a man has the art of managing his business to advantage.

Artemisia

ARTEMIS'IA, noun Mug-wort, southernwood, and wormwood; a genus of plants of numerous species. Of these, the absinthium or common wormwood is well known.

Arterial

ARTE'RIAL, adjective [See Artery.] Pertaining to an artery or the arteries; as arterial action.

2. Contained in an artery; as arterial blood.

Arteriotomy

ARTERIOT'OMY, noun [Greek, an artery, and, a cutting.]

The opening of an artery by the lancet, for the purpose of letting blood.

Artery

`ARTERY, noun [Greek, from, air, and, to preserve or contain; so called, from the opinion of the ancients, that the arteries contained or circulated air. The term was also applied to the trachea or wind pipe, arteria aspera. In German luftader, air-vein, is the name for artery; in Dutch, slag-ader, stroke-vein; in Swed. puls-ader, pulse-vein; Danish puls-aare, pulse vein, that is, the beating vein.]

A cylindrical vessel or tube, which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. There are two principal arteries; the aorta, which rises from the left ventricle and ramifies through the whole body; and the pulmonary artery, which conveys the blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, to undergo respiration. An artery is composed of three coats; the outer consists of condensed cellular membrane, and is supplied with numerous blood vessels and nerves; the middle coat consists of circular fibers, generally supposed to be muscular; the inner coat, thin, smooth, and dense, confines the blood within its canal, and facilitates its motion.

Parr. Cyc.

Artful

ARTFUL, adjective [See Art.] Performed with art or skill.

Dryden.

2. Artificial, as opposed to natural.

Johnson.

3. Cunning; practicing art, or stratagem; crafty; as an artful boy. [This is the most usual sense.]

4. Proceeding from art or craft; as an artful scheme.

Artfully

`ARTFULLY, adverb With art, or cunning; skilfully; dextrously.

Artfulness

`ARTFULNESS, noun Art; craft; cunning; address.

Arthritic

ARTHRIT'IC, or ARTHRIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the joints, or to the gout; affecting the joints.

Arthritis

ARTHRIT'IS, noun [Greek, from, a joint. It seems to be of the same family as artus, a limb.]

In a general sense, any painful disease of the joints; but more particularly, the gout, an hereditary, intermitting disease, usually affecting the small joints; sometimes the stomach.

Coxe. Quincy.

Arthrodia

ARTHRO'DIA, noun [from, to frame or articulate.]

1. A species of articulation, in which the head of one bone is received into the shallow socket of another; as the humerus and the scapula.

Encyc.

2. In natural history, a genus of imperfect crystals, found in complex masses, and forming long single pyramids, with very short and slender columns.

Encyc.

Artic

`ARTIC. This word is by mistake used by some authors for arctic.

Artichoke

`ARTICHOKE, noun [Qu. the first syllable of Greek. French artichaut; Armoric artichauden; Spanish alcachofa; Portugese alcachofra; Italian carciofo, carciofano, or carciofalo. The first syllable is probably the Latin carduus, chard, thistle, corrupted. Dutch artichok; German artischoke; Danish artiskok.]

A plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated and prickly calyx. The head is large, rough and scaly, on an upright stalk. It is composed of numerous, oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is the eatable part of the plant.

Encyc. Miller.

The Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sunflower or helianthus.

Article

`ARTICLE, noun [Latin articulus, a joint, from artus; Greek.]

1. A single clause in a contract, account, system of regulations, treaty, or other writing; a particular separate charge or item, in an account; a term, condition, or stipulation, in a contract. In short, a distinct part of a writing, instrument or discourse, consisting of two or more particulars; as, articles of agreement; an account consisting of many articles.

2. A point of faith; a doctrinal point or proposition in theology; as the thirty-nine articles.

3. A distinct part.

Upon each article of human duty.

Paley.

4. A particular commodity, or substance; as, an article of merchandize; salt is a necessary article. In common usage, this word is applied to almost every separate substance or material.

The articles which compose the blood.

Darwin.

5. A point of time. [Not in use.]

Clarendon.

6. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is between two joints.

Milne.

7. In grammar, an adjective used before nouns, to limit or define their application; as hic, ille, ipse, in Latin;, in Greek; the, this, that, in English; le, la, les, in French; il, la, lo, in Italian. The primary use of these adjectives was to convert an indeterminate name into a determinate one; or to limit the application of a common name, to a specific, known, or certain individual. But article being an improper term to express the true signification, I make use of definitive, which see.

Article

`ARTICLE, v.t. To draw up in distinct particulars; as, to article the errors or follies of a man.

Taylor.

2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. "He shall be articled against in the High Court of admiralty." Stat. 33. George III.

3. To bind by articles of convenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic.

Article

`ARTICLE, verb intransitive [supra.] To agree by articles; to stipulate.

Donne.

Articled

`ARTICLED, participle passive Drawn up in particulars; accused or bound by articles.

Articular

ARTIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin articularis.]

Belonging to the joints; as, the gout is an articular disease.

Articulate

ARTIC'ULATE, adjective [Latin articulatus, jointed, distinct.]

Formed by jointing or articulation of the organs of speech; applied to sound. An articulate sound is made by closing and opening the organs of speech. The junction or closing of the organs forms a joint or articulation, as in the syllables ab, ad, ap; in passing from one articulation to another, the organs are, or may be opened, and a vowel is uttered, as in attune; and the different articulations, with the intervening vocal sounds, form what is called articulate sounds; sounds distinct, separate, and modified by articulation or jointing. This articulation constitutes the prominent difference between the human voice and that of brutes. Brutes open the mouth and make vocal sounds, but have, either not at all, or very imperfectly, the power of articulation.

2. Expressed in articles, or in separate particulars. [Not used.]

Brown.

3. Jointed; formed with joints.

Botany.

Articulate

ARTIC'ULATE, verb transitive To utter articulate sounds; to utter distinct syllables or words.

2. To draw up or write in separate particulars. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. To treat, stipulate or make terms. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. To joint.

Smith.

Articulated

ARTIC'ULATED, participle passive Uttered distinctly in syllables or words.

2. Jointed; having joints, as a plant.

Articulately

ARTIC'ULATELY, adverb With distinct utterance of syllables or words.

2. Article by article; in detail.

Paley.

Articulateness

ARTIC'ULATENESS, noun The quality of being articulate.

Articulating

ARTIC'ULATING, participle of the present tense Uttering in distinct syllables or words.

Articulation

ARTICULA'TION, noun In anatomy, the joining or juncture of the bones. This is of three kinds: 1st, diarthrosis, or a movable connection, including enarthrosis, or the ball and socket joint; arthrodia, which is the same, but more superficial; ginglymus, or hinge-like joint; and trochoid, or the wheel and axle: 2d, synarthrosis, immovable connection, as by suture, or junction by serrated margins; harmony, or union by straight margins; and gomphosis, like a nail driven in a board, as the teeth in their sockets: 3d, symphysis, or union by means of another substance; as synchondrosis, union by a cartilage; syssarcosis, union by muscular fibres; synneurosis, union by a tendon; syndesmosis, union by ligaments; and synostosis, union by a bony substance.

Quincy. Coxe.

2. In botany, the connection of the parts of a plant by joints; also the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.

Encyc.

3. The forming of words; a distinct utterance of syllables and words by the human voice, by means of closing and opening the organs.

4. A consonant; a letter noting a jointing or closing of the organs.

Artifice

`ARTIFICE, noun [Latin artificium, from ars, art, and facio, to make.]

Stratagem; an artful or ingenious device, in a good or bad sense. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud.

2. Art; trade; skill acquired by science or practice. [Rarely used.]

Artificer

ARTIF'ICER, noun [Latin artifex, from ars, and facio.]

1. An artist; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind; as a silversmith, or sadler.

2. One who makes or contrives; an inventor; as an artificer of fraud or lies.

Milton.

3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [Not used.]

Ben Jonson.

Artificial

ARTIFI'CIAL, adjective Made or contrived by art, or by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as artificial heat or light; an artificial magnet.

2. Feigned; fictitious; not genuine or natural; as artificial tears.

3. Contrived with skill or art.

4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not being of spontaneous growth; as artificial grasses.

Gibbon.

Artificial arguments, in rhetoric, are arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs.

Johnson.

Artificial lines, on a sector or scale, are lines so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, &c.

Artificial numbers, the same with logarithms.

Chambers. Encyc.

Artificiality

ARTIFICIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being artificial; appearance of art.

Shenstone.

Artificially

ARTIFI'CIALLY, adverb By art, or human skill and contrivance; hence, with good contrivance; with art or ingenuity.

Artificialness

ARTIFI'CIALNESS, noun The quality of being artificial.

Artillery

ARTIL'LERY, noun This word has no plural. [French artillerie; Italian artiglieria; Spanish artilleria. In French artilleur, artillier, is a matross; Spanish artillar, to mount cannon. In Armoric, artillery is artilhiry, and an artist is artilher. In Norm. French artillery is written articlarie. The Armoric unites this word with art, artist, indicating that the primary sense is, instruments, things formed by art or rather prepared by art, preparations.]

1. In a general sense, offensive weapons of war. Hence it was formerly used for bows and arrows.

And Jonathan gave his artillery to his lad.

1 Samuel 20.

But in present usage, appropriately,

2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars and grenades, with their furniture of carriages, balls, bombs and shot of all kinds.

3. In a more extended sense, the word includes powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses that belong to a train of artillery.

4. The men who manage cannon and mortars, including matrosses, gunners, bombardiers, cannoniers, or by whatever name they are called, with the officers, engineers and persons who supply the artillery with implements and materials.

Encyc.

Artisan

`ARTISAN, n. s as z. [French from Latin ars. See Art.]

An artist; one skilled in any art, mystery or trade; a handicrafts-man; a mechanic; a tradesman.

Artist

`ARTIST, noun [French artiste; Italian artista; from Latin ars. See Art.]

1. One skilled in an art or trade; one who is master or professor of a manual art; a good workman in any trade.

2. A skilful man; not a novice.

3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the faculty of arts; a philosopher.

Encyc.

4. One skilled in the fine arts; as a painter, sculptor, architect, &c.

Artless

`ARTLESS, adjective Unskilful; wanting art, knowledge or skill.

Dryden.

2. Free from guile, art, craft or stratagem; simple; sincere; unaffected; undesigning; as an artless mind.

3. Contrived without skill or art; as an artless tale.

Artlessly

`ARTLESSLY, adverb Without art or skill; in an artless manner.

2. Without guile; naturally; sincerely; unaffectedly.

Pope.

Artlessness

`ARTLESSNESS, noun The quality of being void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity; unaffectedness.

Artotyrite

AR'TOTYRITE, noun [of Greek, bread, and, cheese.]

One of a sect of heretics, in the primitive church, who celebrated the eucharist with bread and cheese, alledging that the first oblations of men were not only the fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. They admitted females to the priesthood and episcopacy.

Encyc.

Arts-Man

`ARTS-MAN, noun A learned man. Obs.

Shak.

Arundelian

ARUNDE'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Arundel, as Arundelian marbles. The Arundelian marbles are ancient stones, containing a chronological detail of the principal events of Greece, from Cecrops, who lived about 1582 years before Christ, to the archonship of Diognetus, before Christ 264. The engraving was done in Paros, and the chronology is called the Parian Chronicle. These stones are called Arundelian from the Earl of Arundel, who employed William Petty to procure relies of antiquity in the East, in 1624. These, with other curiosities, were purchased, and by the Earl's grandson presented to the University of Oxford. Their antiquity and even their authenticity has been questioned.

Encyc.

Arundinaceous

ARUNDINA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin arundo, a reed.]

Pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane.

Arundineous

ARUNDIN'EOUS, adjective Abounding with reeds.

Arura

ARU'RA, noun [Greek.] Literally, as authors suppose, a plowed field. According to Herodotus, and Suidas, the arura of Egypt, was a piece of ground fifty feet square. Others make it a square of 100 cubits; others of 100 feet. The Grecian aroura was a square measure of half the plethron. [See Aroura.]

Encyc. Herod. Euterpe.

Aruspex

ARUS'PEX, noun [Latin] A soothsayer.

Dryden.

Aruspice

ARUS'PICE, noun written also haruspice. [Latin aruspex, or haruspex, a soothsayer, or diviner, who attempted to foretell events by consulting the entrails of beasts slain in sacrifice. Qu. Teut. orf, yrf; Ethiopic arwe, cattle, and Latin specio, to view.]

A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business was to inspect the entrails of victims, killed in sacrifice, and by them to foretel future events.

Aruspicy

ARUS'PICY, noun The act of prognosticating by inspection of the entrails of beasts, slain in sacrifice.

Butler.

As

AS, adv. az. [Pers. asa, like, similar, as; Greek. Qu. French aussi. But more probably the English word is contracted from als, German and Dutch It corresponds in sense with the Persian.]

1. Literally, like; even; similar. "Ye shall be as Gods, knowing good and evil." "As far as we can see," that is, like far, equally far. Hence it may be explained by in like manner; as, do as you are commanded.

2. It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs.

The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination.

Bacon.

3. It was formerly used for as if. Obs.

He lies, as he his bliss did know.

Waller.

4. While; during; at the same time. "He trembled as he spoke." But in most of its uses, it is resolvable into like, equal, even, or equally, in like manner. In some phrases, it must be considered a nominative word, or other words must be supplied. "Appoint to office such men as deserve public confidence." This phrase may be elliptical for "such men as those who deserve public confidence."

As seems, in some cases, to imply the sense of proportion. "In general, men are more happy, as they are less involved in public concerns."

As, in a subsequent part of a sentence, answers to such; give us such things as you please; and in a preceding part of a sentence, has so to answer to it; as with the people, so with the priest.

As

AS, noun [Latin] A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering to the libra or pound.

2. A Roman coin, originally of a pound weight; but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and by the Papirian law, to half an ounce. It was originally stamped with the figure of a sheep, sow, or ox; and afterwards with a Janus, on one side, and on the reverse, a rostrum or prow of a ship.

3. An integer; a whole or single thing. Hence the English ace. Hence the Romans used the word for the whole inheritance; haeres ex asse, an heir to the whole estate.

Encyc.

Asa

ASA, a corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum. [See Ooze.]

Asa-Dulcis

ASA-DULCIS, the same as benzoin.

Asa-Fetida

ASA-FET'IDA, noun [Asa, gum, and Latin foetidus, fetid.]

A fetid gum-resin, from the East Indies. It is the concrete juice of a large umbelliferous plant, much used in Medicine, as an antispasmodic.

Encyc.

Asbestine

ASBES'TINE, adjective [See Asbestus.]

Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature and qualities; incombustible.

Asbestinite

ASBES'TINITE, noun [See Asbestus.] The actinolite or strahlstein.

Kirwan.

Calciferous abestinite; a variety of steatite.

Kirwan.

Asbestus

ASBES'TUS, or ASBES'TOS, noun [Greek, inextinguishable; of a neg. and, to extinguish.]

A mineral, which has frequently the appearance of a vegetable substance. It is always fibrous, and its fibers sometimes appear to be prismatic crystals. They are sometimes delicate, flexible, and elastic; at other times, stiff and brittle. Its powder is soft to the touch; its colors are some shade of white, gray or green, passing into brown, red or black. It is incombustible, and has been wrought into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies. It has been also manufactured into incombustible paper, and wicks for lamps.

Kirwan. Encyc. Cleveland.

Ligniform asbestus is a variety of a brown color, of a splintery fracture, and if broken across, presents an irregular filamentous structure, like wood.

Kirwan.

Ascaris

ASCA'RIS, noun plu. ascar'ides. [Greek]

In zoology, a genus of intestinal worms. The body is cylindrical, and tapering at the ends. It includes two of the most common worms in the human intestines, the ascarides, and the lumbricoides.

Ascend

ASCEND', v.i. [Latin ascendo, from scando, to mount or climb; Welsh esgyn, to rise; cyn, first, chief. It has the same elements as begin.]

1. To move upwards; to mount; to go up; to rise, whether in air or water, or upon a material object.

2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, &c.

3. To proceed from modern to ancient times; to recur to former ages; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity.

4. In a corresponding sense, to proceed in a line towards ancestors; as, to ascend to our first progenitors.

5. To rise as a star; to proceed or come above the horizon.

6. In music, to rise in vocal utterance; to pass from any note to one more acute.

Ascend

ASCEND', v.t. To go or move upwards upon, as to ascend a hill or ladder; or to climb, as to ascend a tree.

Ascendable

ASCEND'ABLE, adjective That may be ascended.

Ascendant

ASCEND'ANT, noun Superiority or commanding influence; as, one man has the ascendant over another.

2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, or degrees of kindred; opposed to descendant.

3. Highth; elevation. [Little used.]

Temple.

4. In astrology, that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. That part of the ecliptic at any particular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence on a person's life and fortune.

Johnson. Encyc.

Ascendant

ASCEND'ANT, adjective Superior; predominant; surpassing.

2. In astrology, above the horizon.

Ascended

ASCEND'ED, participle passive or adjective Risen; mounted up; gone to heaven.

Ascendency

ASCEND'ENCY, noun Power; governing or controlling influence.

Custom has an ascendency over the understanding.

Watts.

Ascending

ASCEND'ING, participle of the present tense Rising; moving upwards; proceeding from the less to the greater; proceeding from modern to ancient, from grave to more acute. A star is said to be ascending, when rising above the horizon, in any parallel of the equator.

Ascending latitude is the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the North pole.

Ascending node is that point of a planet's orbit, wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the northern node.

Ascending vessels, in anatomy, are those which carry the blood upward or toward the superior parts of the body.

Ascension

ASCEN'SION, noun [Latin ascensio.]

1. The act of ascending; a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation of our Savior to Heaven.

2. The thing rising, or ascending. [Not authorized.]

3. In astronomy, ascension is either right or oblique. Right ascension of the sun or of a star, is that degree of the equinoctial, counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with the sun or star, in a right sphere. Oblique ascension is an arch of the equator, intercepted between the first point of Aries, and that point of the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique sphere.

Johnson.

Ascension-Day

ASCENSION-DAY, noun A festival of some christian churches, held ten days or on the Thursday but one, before Whitsuntide, which is called Holy Thursday, in commemoration of our Savior's ascension into heaven, after his resurrection.

Ascensional difference is the difference between the right and oblique ascension of the same point on the surface of the sphere.

Chambers.

Ascensive

ASCEN'SIVE, adjective Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise.

Journ. of Science.

Ascent

ASCENT', noun [Latin ascensus.]

1. The act of rising; motion upwards, whether in air, water or other fluid, or on elevated objects; rise; a mounting upwards; as the ascent of vapors from the earth.

2. The way by which one ascends; the means of ascending.

Bacon.

3. An eminence, hill or high place.

Addison.

4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; as, a road has an ascent of five degrees.

5. Acclivity; the rise of a hill; as a steep ascent.

Ascertain

ASCERTA'IN, v.t. [from the Latin ad certum, to a certainty.]

1. To make certain; to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or ambiguity.

The divine law ascertains the truth.

Hooker.

2. To make certain, by trial, examination or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown; as, to ascertain the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a metal.

3. To make sure by previous measures.

The ministry, in order to ascertain a majority in the house of lords, persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers.

Smollett.

4. To make certain or confident, followed by a pronoun; as, to ascertain us of the goodness of our work. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

5. To fix; to establish with certainty; to render invariable, and not subject to will.

The mildness and precision of their laws ascertained the rule and measure of taxation.

Gibbon.

Ascertainable

ASCERTA'INABLE, adjective That may be made certain in fact, or certain to the mind; that may be certainly known or reduced to a certainty.

Kerr's Lavoisier.

Ascertained

ASCERTA'INED, participle passive Made certain; defined; established; reduced to a certainty.

Ascertainer

ASCERTA'INER, noun The person who ascertains or makes certain.

Ascertaining

ASCERTA'INING, participle of the present tense Making certain; fixing; establishing; reducing to a certainty; obtaining certain knowledge.

Ascertainment

ASCERTA'INMENT, noun The act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; certainty; fixed rule.

Swift. Burke.

Ascessancy

ASCESSANCY, or ASCESSANT, [See Acescency, Acescent.]

Ascetic

ASCET'IC, adjective [Greek, exercised, hardened; from, to exercise.]

Retired from the world; rigid; severe; austere; employed in devotions and mortifications.

Ascetic

ASCET'IC, noun One who retires from the customary business of life, and devotes himself to the duties of piety and devotion; a hermit; a recluse.

2. The title of certain books, on devout exercises; as the ascetics of St. Basil.

Ascian

AS'CIAN, noun [Latin ascii, from Greek priv. and, a shadow.]

A person, who, at certain times of the year, has no shadow at noon. Such are the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, at times, a vertical sun.

Bailey.

Ascitans

AS'CITANS, noun [Greek, a bag or bottle of skin.]

A sect or branch of Montanists, who appeared in the second century. They introduced into their assemblies; certain bacchanals, who danced around a bag or skin distended with air, in allusion to the bottles filled with new wine. Math ix.

Encyc.

Ascites

AS'CITES, noun [Greek, a bladder.]

A dropsy or tense elastic swelling of the belly, with fluctuation, from a collection of water.

Coxe. Quincy.

Ascitic

ASCIT'IC, or ASCIT'ICAL, adjective Belonging to an ascites; dropsical; hydropical.

Ascititious

ASCITI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin ascitus; Low Latin ascititius; from ascisco, to take to or associate.]

Additional; added; supplemental; not inherent or original.

Homer has been reckoned an ascititious name.

Pope.

Asclepiad

ASCLE'PIAD, noun In ancient poetry, a verse of four feet, the first of which is a spondee, the second, a choriamb, and the last two, dactyls; or of four feet and a cesura, the first, a spondee, the second, a dactyl, then the cesura, followed by two dactyls; as, Maece | nas ata | vÃƒ-¯s | Ãƒ-«dite | regibus.

Encyc.

Ascribable

ASCRI'BABLE, adjective [See Ascribe.] That may be ascribed or attributed.

Ascribe

ASCRI'BE, v.t. [Latin ascribo, of ad and scribo, to write.]

1. To attribute, impute, or set to, as to a cause; to assign, as effect to a cause; as, losses are often to be ascribed to imprudence.

2. To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or alledge to belong; as, to ascribe perfection to God, or imperfection to man. Job 36. Psalm 68:1 Samuel 18.

Ascribed

ASCRI'BED, participle passive Attributed or imputed; considered or alledged, as belonging.

Ascribing

ASCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Attributing; imputing; alledging to belong.

Ascription

ASCRIP'TION, noun The act of ascribing, imputing or affirming to belong.

Ascriptitious

ASCRIPTI'TIOUS, adjective That is ascribed. This word is applied to villains under the feudal system, who are annexed to the freehold and transferable with it.

Spelman. Lib. Niger Scaccarii.

Ash

ASH, noun [Saxon oesc; Danish ask; Germ. esche; Dutch essche; Russian yassen.]

1. A well known tree, of which there are many species. There is no hermaphrodite calyx, or it is quadripartite; and no corol, or it is tetrapetalous. There are two stamens; one pistil; one seed, contained in a membranous, lanceolate capsule, and the pistil of the female flower is lanceolate. The leaves are pinnate, and the capsules grow in clusters. This wood is valuable, for fuel, as well as for timber; and the tree, when it grows in an open field, often forms, with its branches, a beautiful oval figure and a thick shade.

Encyc. Linne. Miller.

2. The wood of the ash tree.

Ash

ASH, adjective Pertaining to or like the ash; made of ash.

Ashame

ASHA'ME, v.t. To shame. [Not used.]

Ashamed

ASHA'MED, adjective [from Saxon gescamian or ascamian, to be ashamed, to blush, from scama, shame; originally a participle. See Shame.]

1. Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt or a conviction of some criminal action or indecorous conduct, or by the exposure of some gross errors or misconduct, which the person is conscious must be wrong, and which tends to impair his honor or reputation. It is followed by of.

Thou shalt remember thy ways, and be ashamed. Exodus 16.

Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel. Hosea x.

2. Confused by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority; by the mortification of pride; by failure or disappointment.

They shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in images. Isaiah 42.

[This adjective always follows its noun.]

Ashamedly

ASHA'MEDLY, adverb Bashfully. [Not used.]

Ash-Colored

ASH-COLORED, adjective Of a color between brown and gray.

Woodward.

Ashen

ASH'EN, adjective [See Ash.] Pertaining to ash; made of ash.

Ashes

ASH'ES, noun plu. without the singular number. [Saxon asca; Gothic azga; Dutch asch; German asche; Swedish aska; Danish aske; Basque, auscua.]

1. The earthy particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion; as of wood or coal.

2. The remains of the human body when burnt. Hence figuratively, a dead body or corpse.

3. In scripture, ashes is used to denote vileness, meanness, frailty, or humiliation.

I who am but dust and ashes. Genesis 18.

I abhor myself and repent in dust and ashes. Job 42.

Ash-Fire

ASH'-FIRE, noun A low fire used in chimical operations.

Ash-Hole

ASH'-HOLE, noun A repository for ashes; the lower part of a furnace.

Ashlar

ASH'LAR, noun Common or free stones, as they come from the quarry, of different lengths, breadths and thicknesses.

Johnson.

Ashlering

ASH'LERING, noun Quartering for lathing to, in garrets, two or three feet high, perpendicular to the floor, and reaching to the under side of the rafters.

Encyc.

Ashore

ASHO'RE, adverb [a, at or on, and shore. See Shore.]

1. On shore; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; as, bring the goods ashore.

2. On land, opposed to aboard; as, the captain of the ship remained ashore.

3. On the ground; as, the ship was driven ashore.

Ashwednesday

ASHWEDNESDAY, noun The first day of Lent; supposed to be so called from a custom in the Romish Church of sprinkling ashes, that day, on the heads of penitents, then admitted to penance.

Ash-Weed

ASH'-WEED, noun A plant, the small wild angelica, gout-wort, goats-foot, or herb-gerard.

Encyc.

Ashy

ASH'Y, adjective Belonging to ashes; ash-colored; pale; inclining to a whitish gray.

Shak.

Ashy-Pale

ASHY-PALE, adjective Pale as ashes.

Shak.

Asian

A'SIAN, adjective [from Asia, a name originally given to Asia Minor or some part of it; perhaps from the Asses, Ases or Osses, about Mount Taurus. Mallet, North. Ant. i. 60. Plin. 6. 17.]

Pertaining to Asia.

Dryden. Mitford.

Asiarch

A'SIARCH, noun [Asia and, chief.]

A chief or pontiff of Asia; one who had the superintendence of the public games. Acts 19.

Milner.

Asiatic

ASIAT'IC, adjective Belonging to Asia, a quarter of the globe which extends from the strait of Constantinople and the Arabian gulf, to the Pacific ocean on the east. It is probable, the name was originally appropriated to what is now Asia Minor or rather a part of it.

Asiatic

ASIAT'IC, noun A native of Asia.

Asiaticism

ASIAT'ICISM, noun Imitation of the Asiatic manner.

Warton.

Aside

ASI'DE, adverb [a and side. See Side.]

1. On or to one side; out of a perpendicular or straight direction.

2. At a little distance from the main part or body.

Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings 4.

3. From the body; as, to put or lay aside a garment. John 13.

4. From the company; at a small distance or in private; as when speakers utter something by themselves, upon the stage.

5. Separate from the person, mind or attention; in a state of abandonment.

Let us lay aside every weight. Hebrews 12.

6. Out of the line of rectitude or propriety, in a moral view.

They are all gone aside. Psalm 14.

7. In a state of separation to a particular use; as, to set aside a thing for a future day.

To set aside, in judicial proceedings, is to defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of a superior tribunal; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment.

Asinego

ASINE'GO, noun [Spanish asnico, a little ass.] A foolish fellow.

Mason.

Asinine

AS'ININE, rarely AS'INARY, adjective [Latin asinus; Welsh asyn, the ass; which see.]

Belonging to the ass; having the qualities of the ass.

Ask

`ASK, v.t. [Saxon ascian, acsian, or axian; Dutch eischen; German heischen; Irish ascaim; Greek. Qu. Ethiopic to pray or beseech. In former times, the English word was pronounced ax, as in the royal style of assenting to bills in Parliament. "Be it as it is axed." In Calmuc, asoc signifies to inquire. The sense is to urge or press.]

1. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; with of before the person to whom the request is made.

Ask counsel of God. Judges 18.

2. To require, expect or claim.

To whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more. Luke 12.

3. To interrogate, or inquire; to put a question, with a view to an answer.

He is of age, ask him. John 9.

4. To require, or make claim.

Ask me never so much dowry. Genesis 34. Danish ii.

5. To claim, require or demand, as the price or value of a commodity; to set a price; as, what price do you ask?

6. To require, as physically necessary.

The exigence of a state asks a much longer time to conduct the design to maturity.

Addison.

This sense is nearly or entirely obsolete; ask being superseded by require and demand.

7. To invite; as, to ask guests to a wedding or entertainment; ask my friend to step into the house.

Ask

`ASK, v.i. To request or petition, followed by for; as, ask for bread; or without for.

Ask and it shall be given you. Matthew 7.

2. To inquire, or seek by request; sometimes followed by after.

Wherefore dost thou ask after my name? Genesis 32.

This verb can hardly be considered as strictly intransitive, for some person or object is always understood.

Ask is not equivalent to demand, claim, and require, at least, in modern usage; much less, is it equivalent to beg and beseech. The first three words, demand, claim, require, imply a right or supposed right in the person asking, to the thing requested; and beseech implies more urgency, than ask. Ask and request imply no right, but suppose the thing desired to be a favor. The French demander is correctly rendered by ask, rather than by demand.

Askance

ASK'ANCE, or ASK'ANT, adverb [Dutch schuins, sloping.] Sideways; obliquely; towards one corner of the eye.

Dryden.

Asked

`ASKED, participle passive Requested; petitioned; questioned; interrogated.

Asker

`ASKER, noun One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer.

2. A water newt.

Johnson.

Askew

ASKEW' adverb [German schief; Danish skioev; Dutch scheef, awry, crooked, oblique.]

With a wry look; aside; askant; sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or envy.

Spenser.

Asking

`ASKING, participle of the present tense Requesting; petitioning; interrogating; inquiring.

2. Silently expressing request or desire.

Explain the asking eye.

Pope.

Aslake

ASLA'KE, v.t. [Saxon aslacian. See Slack.]

To remit; to slacken. [Not in use.] Spenser.

Aslani

ASLA'NI, noun A silver coin worth from 115 to 120 aspers.

Encyc.

Aslant

ASL'ANT, adjective or adverb [a and slant. See Slant.]

On one side; obliquely; not perpendicularly or with a right angle.

The shaft drove through his neck aslant.

Dryden.

Asleep

ASLEE'P, adjective or adverb [a and sleep, or Saxon geslapan, to sleep.]

1. Sleeping; in a state of sleep; at rest.

Sisera was fast asleep. Judges 4.

2. To a state of sleep; as to fall asleep.

3. Dead; in a state of death.

Concerning them who are asleep, sorrow not.

1 Thessalonians 4.

4. To death.

For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue. 2 Peter 3.

Aslope

ASLO'PE, adjective or adverb [a and slope. See Slope.]

With leaning or inclination; obliquely; with declivity or descent, as a hill; declining from an upright direction.

Set them not upright, but aslope.

Bacon.

Aslug

ASLUG', adverb In a sluggish manner. [Not used.]

Fotherby.

Asmonean

ASMONE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Asmoneus, the father of Simon, and chief of the Asmoneans, a family that reigned over the Jews 126 years.

Asmonean

ASMONE'AN, noun One of the family of Asmoneus.

Asomatous

ASO'MATOUS, adjective [Greek priv. and, body.]

Without a material body; incorporeal. [Not used.]

Todd.

Asp

`ASP, or ASP'IC, noun [Latin aspis; Greek, a round shield and an asp; supposed to be from Hebrew and Chaldee, to gather in, or collect; from the coil of this serpent, with his head elevated in the center, like the boss of a buckler.]

A small poisonous serpent of Egypt and Libya, whose bite occasions inevitable death, but without pain. It is said that the celebrated Cleopatra, rather than be carried a captive to Rome by Augustus, suffered death by the bite of the asp; but the fact has been questioned. Authors are not agreed, as to what species the asp of the ancients should be referred. Bruce thinks it the coluber cerastes, Linne.

Aspalathus

ASPAL'ATHUS, noun A plant.

Asparagin

ASPAR'AGIN, noun White transparent crystals of a peculiar vegetable principle, which spontaneously form in asparagus juice evaporated to the consistence of sirup. They are in the form of rhomboidal prisms.

Ure.

Asparagus

ASPAR'AGUS, noun [Latin and Greek; probably from, to tear, from its lacerated appearance, or from the root of, a spire, from its stem.]

Sparagus; sperage; vulgarly, sparrow-grass; a genus of plants. That which is cultivated in gardens, has an upright herbaceous stalk, bristly leaves, and equal stipulas. The roots have a bitterish mucilaginous taste; and the stalk is, in some degree, aperient and deobstruent, but not very efficacious.

Encyc.

Aspect

`ASPECT, noun [Latin aspectus, from aspicio, to look on, of ad and specio, to see or look.]

1. Look; view; appearance to the eye or the mind; as, to present an object or a subject in its true aspect, or under a double aspect. So we say, public affairs have a favorable aspect.

2. Countenance; look, or particular appearance of the face; as a mild or severe aspect.

3. View; sight; act of seeing. [This sense is now unusual.]

4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; as, a house has a southern aspect, that is, a position which faces or looks to the south.

5. In astronomy, the situation of one planet with respect to another. The aspects are five; sextile, when the planets are 60Ã‚-° distant; quartile, or quadrate, when their distance is 90Ã‚-°, or the quarter of a circle; trine, when the distance is 120Ã‚-°; opposition, when the distance is 180Ã‚-°, or half a circle; and conjunction, when they are in the same degree.

Aspect

ASPECT', v.t. To behold. [Not used.]

Temple.

Aspectable

ASPECT'ABLE, adjective That may be seen. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Aspected

ASPECT'ED, adjective Having an aspect. [Not used.]

B. Johnson.

Aspection

ASPEC'TION, noun The act of viewing. [Not used.]

Brown.

Aspen

ASP'EN or ASP, noun [Dutch esp; German aspe, Ãƒ-¤spe; Saxon oespe; Swedish asp; Danish oesp; Qu. from the Arabic gashafa, to be agitated.]

A species of the poplar, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air. Its leaves are roundish, smooth, and stand on long slender foot-stalks.

Aspen

ASP'EN, adjective Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood.

Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze.

Gay.

Asper

AS'PER, adjective [Latin See Asperate.] Rough; rugged. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Asper

AS'PER, noun [Latin aspiro, to breathe.]

In grammar, the Greek accent `, importing that the letter over which it is placed ought to be aspirated, or pronounced as if the letter h preceded it.

Encyc.

Asper

AS'PER, noun A Turkish coin, of which three make a medine. Its value is about a cent and 12 decimals.

Asperate

AS'PERATE, v.t. [Latin aspero, from asper, rough.]

To make rough or uneven.

Boyle.

Asperation

ASPERA'TION, noun A making rough.

Asperifoliate

ASPERIFO'LIATE, adjective [Latin asper, rough, and folium, a leaf.]

Having rough leaves. Plants of this kind are, by some authors, classified according to this character. They constitute the forty-first order of Linne's fragments of a natural method. In the methods of Herman, Boerhave, and Ray, this class consists of plants which have four naked seeds. Their leaves stand alternately on the stalks, and the flower is monopetalous in five divisions.

Encyc. Milne.

Asperifolious

ASPERIFO'LIOUS, adjective Having leaves rough to the touch. [See the preceding word.]

Asperity

ASPER'ITY, noun [Latin asperitas, from asper, rough.]

1. Roughness of surface; unevenness; opposed to smoothness.

Boyle.

2. Roughness of sound; that quality which grates the ear; harshness of pronunciation.

Warton.

3. Roughness to the taste; sourness.

4. Roughness or ruggedness of temper; moroseness; sourness; crabbedness.

Rogers.

5. Sharpness.

Berkeley.

Asperous

AS'PEROUS, adjective [Latin asper, rough.] Rough; uneven.

Boyle.

Asperse

ASPERSE, v.t. aspers'. [Latin aspergo, aspersus, of ad and spargo, to scatter; Arabic to split, divide, scatter. See Class Brg.]

1. To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name; to slander or calumniate; as, to asperse a poet or his writings; to asperse a character.

2. To cast upon.

Heywood.

Asperser

ASPERS'ER, noun One that asperses, or vilifies another.

Aspersion

ASPER'SION, noun A sprinkling, as of water or dust, in a literal sense.

Shak.

2. The spreading of calumnious reports or charges, which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water.

Bp. Hall.

Asphalt

ASPHALT', or ASPHALT'UM, noun [Greek.] Bitumen Judaicum, Jew's pitch; a smooth, hard, brittle, black or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, melts easily when heated, and when pure, burns without leaving any ashes. It has little taste, and scarcely any smell, unless heated, when it emits a strong smell of pitch. It is found in a soft or liquid state on the surface of the Dead Sea, which, from this substance, is called Asphaltite, or the Asphaltic Lake. It is found also in the earth, in many parts of Asia, Europe and America. Formerly, it was used for embalming dead bodies; the solid asphalt is still employed in Arabia, Egypt, and Persia, instead of pitch for ships; and the fluid asphalt is used for varnishing, and for burning in lamps. A species found in Neufchatel is found excellent as a cement for walls and pavements; very durable in air, and not penetrable by water. A composition of asphalt, lamp black and oil is used for drawing black figures on dialplates.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Asphaltic

ASPHALT'IC, adjective Pertaining to asphalt, or containing it; bituminous.

Milton.

Asphaltite

ASPHALT'ITE, adjective Pertaining to or containing asphalt.

Bryant. Wilford.

Asphodel

AS'PHODEL, noun [Latin and Greek See Theoph. Lib. 7. Plin. Lib. 21. 17. Perhaps it is from the root of spud; Swedish spyd; Icelandic spioot, a spear, from the shape of its leaves.]

King's-spear; a genus of liliaceous plants, cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. The ancients planted asphodels near graves, to supply the manes of the dead with nourishment.

Encyc. Johnson.

Asphurelates

ASPHU'RELATES, noun [Greek a priv. and, a hammer; not malleable.]

A series of semimetallic fossils, fusible by fire, and in their purest state not malleable. In their native state, they are mixed with sulphur and other adventitious matter, in the form of ore. Under this denomination are classed bismuth, antimony, cobalt, zink and quicksilver.

Coxe. Encyc.

Asphyxy

ASPHYX'Y, noun [Greek, of a priv. and, pulse.]

A temporary suspension of the motion of the heart and arteries; swooning; fainting.

Quincy. Coxe.

Aspic

ASP'IC, noun The asp, which see.

2. A piece of ordnance carrying a twelve pound shot.

Aspic

ASP'IC, noun A plant growing in France, a species of lavender, which it resembles in the blue color of its flowers, and in the figure and green color of its leaves. It is called male-lavender, spica nardi, and Pseudo-nardus. The oil of this plant is used by painters, farriers and other artificers. It is very inflammable, of a white color and aromatic; and it is almost the only dissolvent of sandarac.

Nicholson. Fourcroy.

Aspirant

ASPI'RANT, noun [See Aspire.] One who aspires, breathes after, or seeks with eagerness.

Faber.

Aspirate

AS'PIRATE, verb transitive] Latin aspiro, to breathe or blow; Greek, to palpitate; from spiro, and; Arabic safara, to hiss, or make a hissing by blowing on a wind instrument. See Spire, Spirit.]

To pronounce with a breathing or full emission of breath. We aspirate the words horse and house.

Dryden.

Aspirate

AS'PIRATE, verb intransitive To be uttered with a strong breathing; as, the letter h aspirates.

Dryden.

Aspirate

AS'PIRATE, noun A letter marked with an asper, or note of breathing; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent'.

Bentley.

Aspirate

AS'PIRATE, adjective Pronounced with a full breath.

Holder.

Aspirated

AS'PIRATED, participle passive Uttered with a strong emission of breath.

Aspirating

AS'PIRATING, participle of the present tense Pronouncing with a full breath.

Aspiration

ASPIRA'TION, noun The pronunciation of a letter with a full emission of breath.

Holder.

2. A breathing after; an ardent wish or desire, chiefly of spiritual blessings.

Watts.

3. The act of aspiring or of ardently desiring what is noble or spiritual.

Aspire

ASPI'RE, verb intransitive [Latin aspiro, to breathe. See Aspirate.]

1. To desire with eagerness; to pant after an object, great, noble or spiritual; followed by to or after; as to aspire to a crown, or after immortality.

2. To aim at something elevated; to rise or tower with desire.

Aspiring to be Gods, if angels fell;

Aspiring to be angels, men rebel.

Pope.

Aspirer

ASPI'RER, noun One who aspires; one who aims to rise in power or consequence, or to accomplish some important object.

Milton.

Aspiring

ASPI'RING participle of the present tense Desiring eagerly; aiming at something noble, great, or spiritual.

Aspiring

ASPI'RING, adjective Ambitious: animated with an ardent desire of power, importance, or excellence.

Aspiring

ASPI'RING, noun Ambition; eager desire of something great.

Hammond.

2. Points; stops. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Asportation

ASPORTA'TION, noun [L asportatio, of abs and porto, to carry; Welsh porthi, to carry. See Bear.]

A carrying away. In law, the felonious removal of goods from the place where they were deposited, is an asportation, and adjudged to be theft, though the goods are not carried from the house or apartment.

Blackstone.

Asquint

ASQUINT', adverb [Dutch schuinte, a slope; schuins, slopingly; Spanish esquina; Dutch kant, a corner. See Askance, and Squint.]

To the corner or angle of the eye; obliquely; towards one side; not in the straight line of vision; as, to look asquint.

2. Not with regard or due notice.

Fox.

Ass

ASS, noun [Welsh asyn; Irish asan; Latin asinus; French Ãƒ-¢ne, for asne; Armoric asen; Spanish Portugese asno; Italian asino. Qu. from Gothic auso, Greek, an ear.]

1. A quadruped of the equine genus. This animal has long slouching ears, a short mane, and a tail covered with long hairs at the end. He is usually of an ash color, with a black bar across the shoulders. The tame or domestic ass is patient to stupidity, and carries a heavy burden. He is slow, but very sure footed, and for this reason very useful on rough steep hills.

2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt.

Assai

ASS'AI, [Ital.] A term in music; added to a word signifying slow, it denotes a little quicker; and to a word signifying quick, it denotes a little slower.

Bailey.

Assail

ASSA'IL, verb transitive [French assaillir, from Latin assilio, to leap or rush upon, of ad and salio, to leap, to rise.]

To leap or fall upon by violence; to assault; to attack suddenly, as when one person falls upon another to beat him.

2. To invade or attack, in a hostile manner, as an army, or nation.

Spenser.

3. To attack with arguments, censure, abuse, or criticism, with a view to injure, bring into disrepute, or overthrow.

4. To attack, with a view to overcome, by motives applied to the passions.

Nor hide the encounter of assailing eyes.

Shak.

Assailable

ASSA'ILABLE, adjective That may be assailed, attacked or invaded.

Assailant

ASSA'ILANT, noun [French] One who assails, attacks or assaults.

Assailant

ASSA'ILANT, adjective Assaulting; attacking; invading with violence.

Assailed

ASSA'ILED, participle passive Assaulted; invaded; attacked with violence.

Assailer

ASSA'ILER, noun One who assails.

Assailing

ASSA'ILING, participle of the present tense Assaulting; invading by force; attacking with violence.

Assailment

ASSA'ILMENT, noun Attack. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Assapanic

ASSAPAN'IC, noun The flying squirrel; an animal which flies a little distance by extending the skin between the fore and hind legs. [See Squirrel.]

Trevoux.

Assaron

AS'SARON, noun The omer or homer, a Hebrew measure of five pints.

Encyc.

Assart

ASSART', noun [Old French assarter, to grub up.]

In ancient laws, the offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets or coverts of a forest.

Spelman. Cowel.

2. A tree plucked up by the roots; also a piece of land cleared.

Ash.

Assart

ASSART', verb transitive To grub up trees; to commit an assart.

Ashmole.

Assassin

ASSAS'SIN, noun [Arabic hassa, to kill.]

One who kills or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault. The circumstance of surprise or secresy seems essential to the signification of this word; though it is sometimes used to denote one who takes any advantage, in killing or attempting to murder; as by attacking one when unarmed.

Assassinate

ASSAS'SINATE, verb transitive To kill or attempt to kill, by surprise or secret assault; to murder by sudden violence. Assassin as a verb is not now used.

2. To way lay; to take by treachery.

Milton.

Assassinate

ASSAS'SINATE, noun A murder or murderer. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Assassinated

ASSAS'SINATED, participle passive Murdered by surprise or secret assault.

Assassinating

ASSAS'SINATING, participle of the present tense Murdering by surprise or secret assault.

Assassination

ASSASSINA'TION, noun The act of killing or murdering, by surprise or secret assault; murder by violence.

Assassinator

ASSAS'SINATOR, noun An assassin, which see.

Assassinous

ASSAS'SINOUS, adjective Murderous. [Not used.]

Assassins

ASSAS'SINS, noun In Syria, a tribe or clan called Ismaelians, Batanists or Batenians. They originated in Persia about the year 1090; whence a colony migrated and settled on the mountains of Lebanon, and were remarkable for their assassinations. Their religion was a compound of magianism, judaism, and christianity. One article of their creed was, that the Holy Spirit resided in their Chief, and that his orders proceeded from God himself. He was called Scheik, and is better known by the denomination of Old man of the mountain. This barbarous chieftain and his followers spread terror among nations far and near, for almost two centuries, when the tribe was subdued by Sultan Bibaris.

Encyc.

Assation

ASSA'TION, noun [French from Latin assatus.] A roasting. [Not used.]

Assault

ASSAULT', noun [French assault, now assaut; Italian Portugese assalto; Spanish asalto; from Latin assulto, of ad and salto, to leap, formed on salio, or its root. See Assail. We have the same root in insult and result.]

1. An attack or violent onset, whether by an individual, a company, or an army. An assault by private persons may be made with or without weapons. An assault by an army is a violent hostile attack; and when made upon a fort or fortified place is called a storm, as opposed to sap or siege.

2. An attack by hostile words or measures; as, an assault upon the prerogatives of a prince, or upon a constitution of government.

3. In Law, an unlawful setting upon one's person; an attempt or offer to beat another, without touching his person; as by lifting the fist or a cane, in a threatening manner. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery.

Blackstone. Finch.

Assault

ASSAULT', verb transitive To attack or fall upon by violence, or with a hostile intention; as, to assault a man, a house or town.

2. To invade or fall on with force; as, the cry of war assaults our ears.

3. To attack by words, arguments or unfriendly measures, with a view to shake, impair or overthrow; as, to assault a character, the laws or the administration.

Assaultable

ASSAULT'ABLE, adjective That may be assaulted.

Williams.

Assaulted

ASSAULT'ED, participle passive Attacked with force, arms, violence, or hostile views.

Assaulter

ASSAULT'ER, noun One who assaults, or violently attacks.

Assaulting

ASSAULT'ING, participle of the present tense Attacking with force, or with hostile measures.

Assay

ASSA'Y, noun [French essai; Spanish ensayo; Portugese ensaio; Italian saggio, an assay; French essayer, to try; old French essoyer, to endeavor. Kelham's Norm. Dict. Italian assaggiare, to try; saggiare, to try, essay; Spanish ensayar, to try; Swedish forsokia, to try; Danish forsÃƒ-¶ger, to try, examine, endeavor. These words are all from the same root as seek, the radical sense of which is, to follow, to urge, press or strain; Saxon secan, to seek; Latin sequor; assequor, to follow, to examine; Dutch zoeken; German suchen; Danish sÃƒ-¶ger; Irish seichim; Italian seguire; Spanish seguir, to follow. Assay and essay are radically one word; but modern usage has appropriated assay to experiments in metallurgy, and essay to intellectual and bodily efforts. Class Sg. See Essay.]

1. The trial of the goodness, purity, weight, value, &c. of metals or metallic substances. Any operation or experiment for ascertaining the quantity of a precious metal in an ore or mineral. Analysis is a term of more comprehensive import, extending to an examination of the nature and quantities of all parts of the compound.

Assaying is called the docimastic art.

2. In law, an examination of weights and measures by the standard.

Cowel.

3. Examination; trial; effort; first entrance upon any business; attempt. In these senses, which are found in old authors, now rarely used. [See Essay.]

4. Value; great purity. obsolete

Spenser.

Assay

ASSA'Y, verb transitive To try or prove, by examination or experiment, the quantity and purity of metallic substances.

2. To apply to the touchstone.

Milton.

Assay

ASSA'Y, verb transitive To attempt, try or endeavor.

He assayed to go. 1 Samuel 17.

[In this sense essay is now used.]

Assay-Balance

ASSAY-BALANCE, noun A balance for the trial of the weight and purity of metals.

Assayed

ASSA'YED, participle passive Examined; tested; proved by experiment.

Assayer

ASSA'YER, noun One who examines metals to find their quantity and purity. An officer of the mint, whose business is to try the weight and purity of metals.

Assaying

ASSA'YING, participle of the present tense Trying by some standard; examining by experiment, as metals; proving; attempting.

Assay-Master

ASSAY-MASTER, noun An assayer; an officer appointed to try the weight and fineness of the precious metals.

Assecurance

ASSECU'RANCE, noun Assurance. [Not used.]

Sheldon.

Assecuration

ASSECURA'TION, noun Assurance; a making secure. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Assecure

ASSECU'RE, verb transitive To secure. [Not used.]

Bullokar.

Assecution

ASSECU'TION, noun [Latin assequor.] An obtaining or acquiring.

Ayliffe.

Assemblage

ASSEM'BLAGE, noun [French See Assemble.]

A collection of individuals, or of particular things; the state of being assembled.

Locke. Thomson.

2. Rarely, the act of assembling.

Assemblance

ASSEM'BLANCE, noun Representation; an assembling. [Not in use.]

Shak. Spenser.

Assemble

ASSEM'BLE, verb transitive [French assembler; Swedish samla; Danish samler; Dutch zamelen; German sammeln, to assemble. Latin simul; Danish sammen; Dutch zamen, together.]

To collect a number of individuals or particulars into one place, or body; to bring or call together; to convene; to congregate.

Assemble

ASSEM'BLE, verb intransitive To meet or come together; to convene, as a number of individuals.

Assembled

ASSEM'BLED, participle passive Collected into a body; congregated.

Assembler

ASSEM'BLER, noun One who assembles.

Assembling

ASSEM'BLING, participle of the present tense Coming together; collecting into one place.

Assembling

ASSEM'BLING, noun A collection or meeting together. Hebrews 10.

Assembly

ASSEM'BLY, noun [Spanish asamblea; Italian assemblea; French assemblÃƒ-©e.]

1. A company or collection of individuals, in the same place; usually for the same purpose.

2. A congregation or religious society convened.

3. In some of the United States, the legislature, consisting of different houses or branches, whether in session or not. In some states, the popular branch or House of Representatives is denominated an assembly. [See the constitutions of the several states.]

4. A collection of persons for amusement; as a dancing assembly.

5. A convocation, convention or council of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery; as the General Assembly of Scotland or of the United States.

Encyc.

6. In armies, the second beating of the drum before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents.

Encyc.

7. An assemblage. [Not in use.]

Assembly-Room

ASSEM'BLY-ROOM, noun A room in which persons assemble.

Assent

ASSENT', noun [Latin assensus, from assentior, to assent, of ad and sentio, to think; Ethiopic sena or sana, concord, and its derivative, to agree, to harmonize; Swedish sinne, mind, sense; Dutch zin, mind; zinnen, to feel or mind; German sinn, sense; sinnen, to think or consider. The Danes preserve the final consonant, sind, mind, sense, inclination; Welsh syn, sense; syniaw, to perceive.]

1. The act of the mind in admitting, or agreeing to, the truth of a proposition.

Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the credit of the proposer.

Locke.

2. Consent; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right or interest; as, the bill before the house has the assent of a great majority of the members.

The distinction between assent and consent seems to be this: assent is the agreement to an abstract proposition. We assent to a statement, but we do not consent to it. Consent is an agreement to some proposal or measure which affects the rights or interest of the consenter. We consent to a proposal of marriage. This distinction however is not always observed. [See Consent.]

3. Accord; agreement. 2 Chronicles 18.

Assent

ASSENT', verb intransitive To admit as true; to agree, yield or concede, or rather to express an agreement of the mind to what is alledged, or proposed.

The Jews also assented, saying these things are so. Acts 24.

It is sometimes used for consent, or an agreement to something affecting the rights or interest of the person assenting. But to assent to the marriage of a daughter is less correct than to consent.

Assentation

ASSENTA'TION, noun [Latin assentatio, from assentor, to comply.]

Compliance with the opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation.

Chesterfield.

Assentator

ASSENTA'TOR, noun A flatterer.

Assentatorily

ASSENTATO'RILY, adverb With adulation. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Assenter

ASSENT'ER, noun One who assents, agrees to, or admits.

Assenting

ASSENT'ING, participle of the present tense Agreeing to, or admitting as true; yielding to.

Assentingly

ASSENT'INGLY, adverb In a manner to express assent; by agreement.

Assentment

ASSENT'MENT, adjective Assent; agreement. [Rarely used.]

Brown.

Assert

ASSERT', verb transitive [Latin assero, assertum, to claim or challenge, to maintain or assert; of ad and sero. The sense of sero is to sow, properly to throw or set. To assert is to throw or set firmly.]

1. To affirm positively; to declare with assurance; to aver.

Milton.

2. To maintain or defend by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to assert our rights and liberties.

Dryden.

Asserted

ASSERT'ED, participle passive Affirmed positively; maintained; vindicated.

Asserting

ASSERT'ING, participle of the present tense Declaring with confidence; maintaining; defending.

Assertion

ASSER'TION, noun The act of asserting; the maintaining of a claim

2. Positive declaration or averment; affirmation; position advanced.

Brown.

Assertive

ASSERT'IVE, adjective Positive; affirming confidently; peremptory.

Glanville.

Assertively

ASSERT'IVELY, adverb Affirmatively.

Bedell.

Assertor

ASSERT'OR, noun One who affirms positively; one who maintains or vindicates a claim; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator.

Dryden.

Assertory

ASSERT'ORY, adjective Affirming; maintaining.

Bp. Hall.

Assess

ASSESS', verb transitive [French asseoir; Norm. asser, asseoir, to settle, fix, ascertain, assess; Italian assestare, assettare; Latin assideo, ad and sedeo; to sit, or set. See Set and Sit.]

1. To set, fix or charge a certain sum upon one, as a tax; as, to assess each citizen in due proportion.

2. To value; to fix the value of property, for the purpose of being taxed; as by the law of the United States. Also, to value or fix the profits of business, for the purpose of taxation.

3. To set, fix or ascertain; as, it is the province of a jury to assess damages.

Assess

ASSESS', noun Assessment. [Not used.]

Assessable

ASSESS'ABLE, adjective That may be assessed.

Assessed

ASSESS'ED, participle passive Charged with a certain sum; valued; set; fixed; ascertained.

Assessing

ASSESS'ING, participle of the present tense Charging with a sum; valuing; fixing; ascertaining.

Assession

ASSES'SION, noun A sitting down by a person. [Not used.]

Assessionary

ASSES'SIONARY, adjective Pertaining to assessors.

Carew.

Assessment

ASSESS'MENT, noun A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation. An assessment is a valuation made by authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or determined by law. It may be a direct charge of the tax to be paid; or a valuation of the property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each man shall pay; on which valuation the law imposes a specific sum upon a given amount.

Blackstone. Laws of the U. States.

2. A tax or specific sum charged on the person or property.

3. The act of assessing; the act of determining the amount of damages by a jury.

Assessor

ASSESS'OR, noun One appointed to assess the person or property.

2. An inferior officer of justice, who sits to assist the judge.

Encyc.

3. One who sits by another, as next in dignity.

Milton.

Assets

ASSETS', n. plu. [French assez, enough; Italian assai, enough, or many; Irish sath, sufficiency; sasadh, satisfaction; Latin sat, satis, enough.]

Goods or estate of a deceased person, sufficient to pay the debts of the deceased. But the word sufficient, though expressing the original signification of assets, is not with us necessary to the definition. In present usage, assets are the money, goods or estate of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies. Assets are real or personal; real assets are lands which descend to the heir, subject to the fulfilment of the obligations of the ancestor; personal assets are the money or goods of the deceased, or debts due to him, which come into the hands of the executor or administrator, or which he is bound to collect and convert into money.

Blackstone.

Assever

ASSEV'ER, or ASSEV'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin assevero, from ad, and the Teutonic swear; Saxon swerian; Gothic swaran, to swear, to affirm positively.]

To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.

Fotherby.

Asseveration

ASSEVERA'TION, noun Positive affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration. This word is not, generally, if ever, used for a declaration under an official oath, but for a declaration accompanied with solemnity.

Ass-Head

'ASS-HEAD, noun [ass and head.] One dull, like the ass; one slow of apprehension; a blockhead.

Assideans

ASSIDE'ANS or CHASIDE'ANS. [Hebrew pious.]

A sect of Jews who resorted to Mattathias to fight for the laws of their God and the liberties of their country. They were men of great zeal, and observed the traditions of the elders. From these sprung the Pharisees and Essenes.

Encyc.

Assident

AS'SIDENT, adjective [Latin assideo, assidens, of ad and sedeo, to sit.]

Assident signs, in medicine, are such as usually attend a disease, but not always; distinguished from pathognomic signs, which are inseparable from it.

Encyc.

Assiduate

ASSID'UATE, adjective Daily. [Not in use.]

K. Charles.

Assiduity

ASSIDU'ITY, noun [Latin assiduitas. See Assiduous.]

1. Constant or close application to any business or enterprise; diligence.

Addison.

2. Attention; attentiveness to persons. Assiduities, in the plural, are services rendered with zeal and constancy.

Assiduous

ASSID'UOUS, adjective [Latin assiduus, from assideo, to sit close, ad and sedeo; to sit; Saxon sittan, settan.]

1. Constant in application; as a person assiduous in his occupation.

2. Attentive; careful; regular in attendance; as an assiduous physician or nurse.

3. Performed with constant diligence or attention; as assiduous labor.

Assiduously

ASSID'UOUSLY, adverb Diligently; attentively; with earnestness and care; with regular attendance.

Assiduousness

ASSID'UOUSNESS, noun Constant or diligent application.

Assiento

ASSIENT'O, noun [Spanish asiento, a seat, a contract or agreement; Latin assideo.]

A contract or convention between the king of Spain and other powers, for furnishing slaves for the Spanish dominions in South America.

Treaty between GermanB. and Spain, March 26, 1713.

Assign

ASSI'GN, verb transitive assine. [French assigner; Spanish asignar; Portugese assinar; Italian assegnare; Latin assigno, of ad and signo, to allot, to mark out; Irish sighin; Latin signum, a mark. The primary sense of sign is to send, or to set.]

1. To allot; to appoint or grant by distribution or apportionment.

The priests had a portion assigned them. Genesis 47.

2. To designate or appoint for a particular purpose.

They assigned Bezer, a city of refuge. Joshua 20.

3. To fix, specify or designate; as an assigned quantity.

4. To make or set over; to transfer, sell or convey, by writing, as by indorsing a note, or by any writing on a separate paper.

5. To alledge or show in particular; as, to assign a reason for one's conduct.

6. In law, to show or set forth with particularity; as, to assign error in a writ; to assign false judgment.

Assign

ASSI'GN, noun A person to whom property or an interest is or may be transferred; as, a deed to a man and his heirs and assigns.

Assignable

ASSI'GNABLE, adjective That may be allotted, appointed or assigned.

2. That may be transferred by writing; as an assignable note, or bill.

3. That may be specified, shown with precision, or designated; as an assignable error.

Assignat

AS'SIGNAT, noun A public note or bill in France; paper currency.

Burke.

Assignation

ASSIGNA'TION, noun An appointment of time and place for meeting; used chiefly of love-meetings.

2. A making over by transfer of title. [See Assignment.]

3. In Russia, a public note or bank bill; paper currency.

Tooke.

Assigned

ASSI'GNED, participle passive Appointed; allotted; made over; shown or designated.

Assignee

ASSIGNEE', noun A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed to do some act, perform some business or enjoy some right, privilege or property; as an assignee of a bankrupt. An assignee may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by law; as an executor.

Cowel.

Assigner

ASSI'GNER, noun One who assigns, or appoints.

Assigning

ASSI'GNING, participle of the present tense Allotting; appointing; transferring; showing specially.

Assignment

ASSI'GNMENT, noun An allotting, or an appointment to a particular person or use.

2. A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of a lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange.

3. The writing by which an interest is transferred.

4. The appointment or designation of causes or actions in court, for trial on particular days.

5. In law, the conveyance of the whole interest which a man has in an estate, usually for life or years. It differs from a lease, which is the conveyance of a less term than the lessor has in the estate.

Z. Swift.

Assignor

ASSIGNOR', noun An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; as the assignor of a bill of exchange.

Assimilable

ASSIM'ILABLE, adjective That may be assimilated.

Assimilate

ASSIM'ILATE, verb transitive [Latin assimilo, of ad and similis, like. See Similar.]

1. To bring to a likeness; to cause to resemble.

Swift.

2. To convert into a like substance; as, food is assimilated by conversion into animal substances, flesh, chyle, blood, &c.

Assimilate

ASSIM'ILATE, verb intransitive To become similar.

2. To be converted into a like substance.

Bacon.

Assimilated

ASSIM'ILATED, participle passive Brought to a likeness; changed into a like substance.

Assimilating

ASSIM'ILATING, participle of the present tense Causing to resemble; converting into a like substance.

Assimilation

ASSIMILA'TION, noun The act of bringing to a resemblance.

2. The act or process by which bodies convert other bodies into their own nature and substance; as, flame assimilates oil, and the food of animals is by assimilation converted into the substances which compose their bodies.

Mineral assimilation is the property which substances possess, in the earth, of appropriating and assimilating to themselves other substances with which they are in contact; a property which seems to be the basis of the natural history of the earth.

Assimilative

ASSIM'ILATIVE, adjective Having power of converting to a likeness, or to a like substance.

Hakewill.

Assimulate

ASSIM'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin assimulo.] To feign. [Not used. See Simulate.]

Assimulation

ASSIMULA'TION, noun A counterfeiting. [Not used. See Simulation.]

Assist

ASSIST', verb transitive [Latin assisto, of ad and sisto, to stand up; Russian siju, to sit, or be placed; Spanish asistir; Italian assistere; French assister. Literally, to be present, or as we still say in English, to stand by.

To help; to aid; to succor; to give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress.

Assist

ASSIST', verb intransitive To lend aid.

Assistance

ASSIST'ANCE, noun Help; aid; furtherance; succor; a contribution of support in bodily strength or other means.

Assistant

ASSIST'ANT, adjective Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary.

Hale.

Assistant

ASSIST'ANT, noun One who aids, or who contributes his strength or other means to further the designs or welfare of another; an auxiliary.

Dryden.

Assisted

ASSIST'ED, participle passive Helped; aided.

Assister

ASSIST'ER, noun One that lends aid.

Assisting

ASSIST'ING, participle of the present tense Helping; aiding; supporting with strength or means.

Assistless

ASSIST'LESS, adjective Without aid or help.

Pope.

Assize

ASSI'ZE, or ASSI'ZES, noun [French assises, and sometimes so written in English; Latin assideo, to sit by, of ad and sedeo, to sit; Irish siasair, a session. See Assess.]

1. Originally, an assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public busines. The word was sometimes applied to the general council, or Wittenagemote, of England.

Blackstone. Glanville.

2. A court in England, held in every county by special commission to one of the judges, who is called a justice of the assize, and empowered to take assizes, that is, the verdict of a jury, called the assize.

3. A jury. In this sense the word was applied to the grand assize, for the trial of property, and to the petty assize, for the trial of possession. In Scotland, the assize consists of fifteen men, selected from a greater number.

4. A writ; as an assize of novel disseisin, which is given to recover the possession of lands, tenements, rents, common, &c., of which the tenant has been lately disseised; assize of mort d' ancestor, which lies against an abator, who enters upon land after the death of the tenant, and before the heir enters; assize of darrein presentment, which lies against a stranger who presents a clerk to a benefice.

Blackstone.

5. A particular species of rents, established and not subject to be varied.

Law.

6. The time or place of holding the court of assize.

7. In a more general sense, any court of justice.

8. A statute of regulation; an ordinance regulating the weight, measure and price of articles sold in market; and hence the word came to signify the weight, measure or price itself; as the assize of bread.

Spelman. Cowel. Encyc. Blackstone.

This word is, in a certain sense, now corrupted into size, which see.

Assize

ASSI'ZE, verb transitive To fix the weight, measure or price of commodities, by an ordinance or regulation of authority.

Assized

ASSI'ZED, participle passive Regulated in weight, measure or price, by an assize or ordinance.

Assizer

ASSI'ZER, noun An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures.

Chambers.

Assizor

ASSI'ZOR, noun In Scotland, a juror.

Bailey.

Ass-Like

'ASS-LIKE, adjective Resembling an ass.

Sidney.

Assober

ASSO'BER, verb transitive [See Sober.] To keep under. [Not used.]

Gower.

Associability

ASSOCIABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being capable of association; the quality of suffering some change by sympathy, or of being affected by the affections of another part of the body.

Darwin.

Associable

ASSO'CIABLE, adjective assÃƒ-³shable. [See Associate.] That may be joined to or associated.

2. In a medical sense, liable to be affected by sympathy, or to receive from other parts correspondent feelings and affections. "The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal body."

Med. Rep. Darwin.

Associate

ASSO'CIATE, v. t. assÃƒ-³shate. [French associer; Latin associo, of ad and socio, to join.]

1. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner or confederate; as, to associate others with us in business, or in an enterprise.

It conveys the idea of intimate union.

2. To unite in the same mass; as, particles of matter associated with other substances.

Associate

ASSO'CIATE, verb intransitive To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial minds are disposed to associate.

2. To unite in action, or be affected by the action of a different part of the body.

Darwin.

Associate

ASSO'CIATE, adjective Joined in interest or purpose; confederate.

Milton.

2. Joined in employment or office; as an associate judge.

Associate

ASSO'CIATE, noun A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.

2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league.

3. A companion in a criminal transaction; an accomplice.

Associated

ASSO'CIATED, participle passive United in company or in interest; joined.

Associateship

ASSO'CIATESHIP, noun The state or office of an associate.

Encyc. art. Reynolds.

Associating

ASSO'CIATING, participle of the present tense Uniting in company or in interest; joining.

Association

ASSOCIA'TION, noun The act of associating; union; connection of persons.

2. Union of persons in a company; a society formed for transacting or carrying on some business for mutual advantage; a partnership. It is often applied to a union of states or a confederacy.

3. Union of things; apposition, as of particles of matter.

4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly produces the other.

Encyc.

5. An exertion or change of some extreme part of the sensory residing in the muscles or organs of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant fibrous contractions.

Darwin.

6. In ecclesiastical affairs, a society of the clergy, consisting of a number of pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.

Associational

ASSOCIA'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to an association of clergymen.

Associative

ASSO'CIATIVE, adjective Having the quality of associating, or of being affected by sympathy.

Darwin. Miller.

Assoil

ASSOIL', verb transitive [Old French from Latin absolvo.]

To solve; to release; to absolve. Obs.

Mede. Taylor.

Assoil

ASSOIL', verb transitive [French souiller.] To soil; to stain. Obs.

Assonance

AS'SONANCE, noun [French from Latin ad and sono, to sound. See Sound.]

Resemblance of sounds. In rhetoric and poetry, a resemblance in sound or termination, without making rhyme.

Encyc.

Assonant

AS'SONANT, adjective Having a resemblance of sounds. In Spanish poetry, assonant rhymes are those in which a resemblance of sounds serves instead of a natural rhyme; as, ligera, tierra.

Encyc.

Assort

ASSORT', verb transitive [French assortir; Italian assortire; of ad and sortir, sortire, to sally forth, and in Italian to draw lots. See Sort.]

1. To separate and distribute into classes things of the like kind, nature or quality, or things which are suited to a like purpose. It is sometimes applied to persons as well as things.

2. To furnish with all sorts.

Burke.

Assort

ASSORT', verb intransitive To agree; to be in accordance with; to suit.

Mitford.

Assorted

ASSORT'ED, participle passive Distributed into sorts, kinds or classes.

2. Furnished with an assortment, or with a variety; as a well assorted store.

Burke.

Assorting

ASSORT'ING, participle of the present tense Separating into sorts; supplying with an assortment.

Assortment

ASSORT'MENT, noun The act of distributing into sorts, kinds or classes, or of selecting and suiting things.

2. A mass or quantity distributed into kinds or sorts; or a number of things assorted.

3. A number of things of the same kind, varied in size, color, quality, price, form, or the like, to suit the market, the wants of people, or various purposes; as an assortment of thread, of silks, of calicoes, &c.

An assortment of paintings.

Welsh Coxe.

4. A variety of sorts or kinds adapted to various wants, demands or purposes; as an assortment of goods.

Mercantile Usage.

Assot

ASSOT', verb transitive [See Sot.] To infatuate; to besot. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Assuage

ASSUA'GE, verb transitive [This word appears to be formed on the German schwach; Dutch zwak, weak; or on Dutch zagt, soft, gentle, quiet, which coincides with the Saxon swig, silence; swigan, to be silent; whence geswigean, to be silent; Dutch zwygen, id. In Saxon also, geswican, is to cease, fail, rest, be quiet. But the Dutch word for assuage is verzagten, to soften.]

To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease or lessen, as pain or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult. In strictness, it signifies rather to moderate, than to quiet, tranquilize or reduce to perfect peace or ease.

Assuage

ASSUA'GE, verb intransitive To abate or subside.

The waters assuaged. Genesis 8.

But I apprehend the sense is, the waters were checked; Hebrew.

Assuaged

ASSUA'GED, participle passive Allayed; mitigated; eased; appeased.

Assuagement

ASSUA'GEMENT, noun Mitigation; abatement.

Assuager

ASSUA'GER, noun One who allays; that which mitigates or abates.

Assuaging

ASSUA'GING, participle of the present tense Allaying; mitigating; appeasing; abating.

Assuasive

ASSUA'SIVE, adjective [from assuage.] Softening; mitigating; tranquilizing.

Pope.

Assuefaction

ASSUEFAC'TION, noun [Latin assuefacio.] The act of accustoming. [Not used.]

Brown.

Assuetude

AS'SUETUDE, noun [Latin assuetudo, from assuetus, p. of assuesco, to accustom.] Custom; habit; habitual use.

Bacon.

Assume

ASSU'ME, verb transitive [Latin assumo, of ad and sumo, to take.]

1. To take or take upon one. It differs from receive, in not implying an offer to give.

The God assumed his native form again.

Pope.

2. To take what is not just; to take with arrogant claims; to arrogate; to seize unjustly; as, to assume haughty airs; to assume unwarrantable powers.

3. To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; as, to assume a principle in reasoning.

4. To appropriate, or take to one's self; as, to assume the debts of another.

5. To take what is fictitious; to pretend to possess; to take in appearance; as, to assume the garb of humility.

Assume

ASSUME, verb intransitive To be arrogant; to claim more than is due.

2. In law, to take upon one's self an obligation; to undertake or promise; as, A assumed upon himself, and promised to pay.

Assumed

ASSU'MED, participle passive Taken; arrogated; taken without proof; pretended.

Assumer

ASSU'MER, noun One who assumes; an arrogant person.

Assuming

ASSU'MING, participle of the present tense Taking; arrogating; taking for granted; pretending.

Assuming

ASSU'MING, adjective Taking or disposed to take upon one's self more than is just; haughty; arrogant.

Assuming

ASSU'MING, noun Presumption.

Jonson.

Assumpsit

ASSUMP'SIT, noun [Pret. tense of Latin assumo.]

1. In law, a promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise may be verbal or written. An assumpsit is express or implied; express, when made in words or writing; implied, when in consequence of some benefit or consideration accruing to one person from the acts of another, the law presumes that person has promised to make compensation. In this case, the law, upon a principle of justice, implies or raises a promise, on which an action may be brought to recover the compensation. Thus if A contracts with B to build a house for him, by implication and intendment of law, A promises to pay B for the same, without any express words to that effect.

2. An action founded on a promise. When this action is brought on a debt, it is called indebitatus assumpsit, which is an action on the case to recover damages for the non-payment of a debt.

Blackstone.

Assumpt

ASSUMPT', verb transitive To take up; to raise. [Barbarous and not used.]

Sheldon.

Assumpt

ASSUMPT', noun That which is assumed. [Not used.]

Chillingworth.

Assumption

ASSUMP'TION, noun [Latin assumptio.]

1. The act of taking to one's self.

Hammond.

2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition.

Norris.

This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable assumption that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body.

Thodey.

3. The thing supposed; a postulate or proposition assumed. In logic, the minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.

Encyc.

4. A consequence drawn from the propositions of which an argument is composed.

Encyc.

5. Undertaking; a taking upon one's self.

Kent.

6. In the Romish Church, the taking up a person into heaven, as the Virgin Mary. Also a festival in honor of the miraculous ascent of Mary, celebrated by the Romish and Greek churches.

Encyc.

7. Adoption.

Warton.

Assumptive

ASSUMP'TIVE, adjective That is or may be assumed. In heraldry, assumptive arms are such as a person has a right, with the approbation of his sovereign, and of the heralds, to assume, in consequence of an exploit.

Encyc.

Assurance

ASSU'RANCE, noun ashu'rance. [French from assurer, of ad and sÃƒ-»r, seur, sure, certain. Qu. the Rab. and Talm., to make firm, confirm, verify; or is seur the German zwar, from the root of Latin verus; or Latin securus, contracted.]

1. The act of assuring, or of making a declaration in terms that furnish ground of confidence; as, I trusted to his assurances; or the act of furnishing any ground of full confidence.

Whereof he hath given assurance to all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead. Acts 17.

2. Firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certain expectation; the utmost certainty.

Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith. Hebrews 10.

3. Firmness of mind; undoubting steadiness; intrepidity.

Brave men meet danger with assurance.

Knolles.

4. Excess of boldness; impudence; as, his assurance is intolerable.

5. Freedom from excessive modesty, timidity or bashfulness; laudable confidence.

Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and assurance.

Locke.

6. Insurance; a contract to make good a loss. [See Insurance.]

7. Any writing or legal evidence of the conveyance of property.

Blackstone.

8. Conviction.

Tillotson.

9. In theology, full confidence of one's interest in Christ, and of final salvation.

Assure

ASSU'RE, verb transitive ashu're. [French assurer. See Assurance.]

1. To make certain; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or other evidence; as, he assured me of his sincerity.

2. To confirm; to make certain or secure.

And it shall be assured to him.

Leviticus 27.

3. To embolden; to make confident.

And hereby we shall assure our hearts before him. 1 John 3.

4. To make secure, with of before the object secured; as, let me be assured of your fidelity.

5. To affiance; to betroth. Obs.

Shak.

6. To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss. [See Insure.]

Assured

ASSU'RED, participle passive Made certain or confident; made secure; insured.

Assured

ASSU'RED, adjective Certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess.

Bacon. Shak.

Assuredly

ASSU'REDLY, adverb Certainly; indubitably.

Assuredly thy son Solomon shall reign. 1 Kings 1.

Assuredness

ASSU'REDNESS, noun The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence.

Hakewill.

Assurer

ASSU'RER, noun One who assures; one who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter.

Assurgent

ASSUR'GENT, adjective [Latin assurgens, assurgo.]

Rising upwards in an arch; as an assurgent stem, in botany.

Eaton.

Assuring

ASSU'RING, participle of the present tense Making sure or confident; giving security; confirming.

Asswage.

ASSWA'GE. [See Assuage.]

Astacite

AS'TACITE, or AS'TACOLITE, noun [Greek, a crawfish, and, a stone.]

Petrified or fossil crawfish, and other crustaceous animals; called also cancrites, crabites, and gammarolites.

Asteism

AS'TEISM, noun [Greek, beautiful, polite.]

In rhetoric, genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another.

Encyc.

Aster

AS'TER, noun [Greek.] A genus of plants, with compound flowers, many of which are cultivated for their beauty, particularly the China Aster. The species are very numerous.

Asterias

ASTE'RIAS, or AS'TER, noun [Greek, a star.] Stella marina, sea-star, or star fish, a genus of the order of Molluscas. It has a depressed body with a coriaceous coat; is composed of five or more segments running out from a central part, and furnished with numerous tentacles, with a mouth below, in the center. There are many species.

Encyc.

Asteriated

ASTE'RIATED, adjective [Supra.] Radiated; presenting diverging rays, like a star; as asteriated sapphire.

Cleaveland.

Asteriatite

ASTE'RIATITE, noun Petrified asterias.

Asterisk

AS'TERISK, noun [Greek, a little star, from, a star.]

The figure of a star, thus,*, used in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in the margin, or to fill the space when a name is omitted.

Asterism

AS'TERISM, noun [Greek, a little star, from, a star.]

1. A constellation; a sign in the zodiac.

The figures of the twelve asterisms.

As. Researches.

2. An asterisk, or mark of reference. [This is less proper.]

Asterite

AS'TERITE, or star stone. [See Astrite.]

Astern

ASTERN', adverb [a or at, and stern. See Stern.]

1. In or at the hinder part of a ship; or towards the hinder part, or backwards; as, to go astern.

2. Behind a ship, at any indefinite distance.

Mar. Dict.

Asteroid

AS'TEROID, noun [Greek, a star, and, form.]

A name given by Herschel to the newly discovered planets between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Asteroidal

ASTEROID'AL, adjective Resembling a star; or pertaining to the asteroids.

Journ. of Science.

Asteropode

AS'TEROPODE, or ASTEROPO'DIUM, noun [Greek, a star, and, a foot.]

A kind of extraneous fossil, of the same substance with the astrite, to which it serves as the base.

Encyc.

Astert

ASTERT', verb transitive To startle. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Asthenic

ASTHEN'IC, adjective asten'ic. [Greek priv. and, strength.]

Weak; characterized by extreme debility.

Brown.

Asthenology

ASTHENOL'OGY, noun [Greek priv., strength, and, discourse.]

The doctrine of diseases arising from debility.

Coxe.

Asthma

ASTHMA, noun ast'ma. [Greek.]

A shortness of breath; intermitting difficulty of breathing, with cough, straitness and wheezing.

Coxe.

Asthmatic

ASTHMAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to asthma; also affected by asthma; as an asthmatic patient.

Astipulate

ASTIPULATE for Stipulate. or ASTIPULATION for Stipulation. [Not in use.]

Astone

ASTO'NE, or ASTO'NY, verb transitive [See Astonish.] To terrify or astonish. Obs.

Chaucer.

Astoned

ASTO'NED, or ASTO'NIED, participle passive Astonished. Obs.

Spencer. Milton.

Astonish

ASTON'ISH, verb transitive [Old French estonner, now Ãƒ-©tonner; Latin attono, to astonish; ad and tono. Saxon gestun, noise, and stunian, to stun; German staunen; Armoric eston, wonderfully. The primary sense is, to stop, to strike dumb, to fix. See Tone and Stun.]

To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, surprise or wonder; to amaze; to confound with some sudden passion.

I Daniel was astonished at the vision. Danish viii.

Astonished

ASTON'ISHED, participle passive Amazed; confounded with fear, surprise, or admiration.

Astonishing

ASTON'ISHING, participle of the present tense Amazing; confounding with wonder or fear.

Astonishing

ASTON'ISHING, adjective Very wonderful; of a nature to excite great admiration, or amazement.

Astonishingly

ASTON'ISHINGLY, adverb In a manner or degree to excite amazement.

Bp. Fleetwood.

Astonishingness

ASTON'ISHINGNESS, noun The quality of exciting astonishment.

Astonishment

ASTON'ISHMENT, noun Amazement; confusion of mind from fear, surprise or admiration, at an extraordinary or unexpected event.

Astound

ASTOUND', verb transitive To astonish; to strike dumb with amazement. From Old French estonner.

Astraddle

ASTRAD'DLE, adverb [a and straddle. See Straddle.]

With the legs across a thing, or on different sides; as, to sit astraddle.

Astragal

AS'TRAGAL, noun [Greek, a turning joint, vertebra, spondylus.]

1. In architecture, a little round molding which surrounds the top or bottom of a column, in the form of a ring; representing a ring or band of iron, to prevent the splitting of the column. It is often cut into beads or berries, and is used in ornamented entablatures to separate the several faces of the architrave.

Encyc.

2. In gunnery, a round molding on cannon near the mouth.

Encyc.

3. In anatomy, the huckle, ankle, or sling bone; the upper bone of the foot supporting the tibia.

Coxe.

4. In botany, the wood pea; the milk vetch; the liquorice vetch.

Astral

AS'TRAL, adjective [Latin astrum; Greek, a star.]

Belonging to the stars; starry.

Dryden.

Astray

ASTRA'Y, adverb [a and stray. See Stray.]

Out of the right way or proper place, both in a literal and figurative sense. In morals and religion, it signifies wandering from the path of rectitude, from duty and happiness.

Before I was afflicted, I went astray. Psalm 119.

Cattle go astray when they leave their proper owners or inclosures. See Deuteronomy 22.

Astrea

ASTRE'A, noun [Greek, a star.]

The goddess of justice. A name sometimes given to the sign virgo. The poets feign that justice quitted heaven, in the golden age, to reside on earth; but becoming weary with the iniquities of men, she returned to heaven, and commenced a constellation of stars.

Encyc.

Astrict

ASTRICT', verb transitive [Latin astringo, astrictus. See Astringe.]

To bind fast, or compress. [Not much used.]

Astrict

ASTRICT', adjective Compendious; contracted.

Weever.

Astricted

ASTRICT'ED, participle passive Bound fast; compressed with bandages.

Astricting

ASTRICT'ING, participle of the present tense Binding close; compressing; contracting.

Astriction

ASTRIC'TION, noun The act of binding close, or compressing with ligatures.

2. A contraction of parts by applications; the stopping of hemorrhages.

Coxe.

Astrictive

ASTRICT'IVE, adjective Binding; compressing; styptic.

Astrictory

ASTRICT'ORY, adjective Astringent; binding; apt to bind.

Astriferous

ASTRIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin astrifer; astrum, a star, and fero, to bear.]

Bearing or containing stars. [Little used.]

Astrigerous

ASTRIG'EROUS, adjective [Low Latin astriger.]

Bearing stars. [Not used.]

Astringe

ASTRINGE, verb transitive astrinj'. [Latin astringo, of ad and stringo, to bind fast, to strain. See Strain.]

To compress; to bind together; to contract by pressing the parts together.

Bacon.

Astringed

ASTRING'ED, participle passive Compressed; straitened; contracted.

Astringency

ASTRING'ENCY, noun The power of contracting the parts of the body; that quality in medicines which binds, contracts or strengthens parts which are relaxed; as the astringency of acids or bitters.

Bacon.

Astringent

ASTRING'ENT, adjective Binding; contracting; strengthening; opposed to laxative.

Quincy.

Astringent

ASTRING'ENT, noun A medicine which binds or contracts the parts of the body to which it is applied, restrains profuse discharges, coagulates animal fluids, condenses and strengthens the solids.

Coxe.

Modern practice inclines to the use of astringent, for internal applications, and styptic, for external.

Astringer

ASTRING'ER, noun A falconer that keeps a goss hawk.

Shak.

Astringing

ASTRING'ING, participle of the present tense Compressing; binding fast; contracting.

Astrite

AS'TRITE, noun [Greek, a star; French astroite.]

An extraneous fossil, called also asteria and astroit. Astrites are stones in the form of small, short, angular, or sulcated columns, about an inch and a halflong, and the third of an inch in diameter, composed of several regular joints, which, when separated, resemble a radiated star.

Encyc.

Astrites are said to be detached articulations of encrinites, a kind of marine polypier.

Astrography

ASTROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, or, a star, and, to describe.]

A description of the stars, or the science of describing them.

Astroit

AS'TROIT, noun Star-stone. [See Astrite.]

2. A species of petrified madrepore often found in calcarious stones.

Astrolabe

AS'TROLABE, noun [Greek, a star, and, to take.]

1. An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun or stars at sea.

2. A stereographic projection of the sphere, either upon the plane of the equator, the eye being supposed to be in the pole of the world; or upon the plane of the meridian, the eye being in the point of intersection of the equinoctial and the horizon.

3. Among the ancients, the same as the modern armillary sphere.

Encyc.

Astrologer

ASTROL'OGER, or ASTROLO'GIAN, noun [Latin astrologus, of, a star, and, discourse.]

1. One who professes to foretell future events by the aspects and situation of the stars. Astrologian is little used.

Wotton.

2. Formerly, one who understood the motions of the planets, without predicting.

Raleigh.

Astrologic

ASTROLOG'IC, or ASTROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology.

Astrologically

ASTROLOG'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of astrology.

Astrologize

ASTROL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To practice astrology.

Astrology

ASTROL'OGY, noun [Supra.] A science which teaches to judge of the effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell future events, by their situation and different aspects. This science was formerly in great request, as men ignorantly supposed the heavenly bodies to have a ruling influence over the physical and moral world; but it is now universally exploded by true science and philosophy.

Astronomer

ASTRON'OMER, noun One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their various phenomena.

Astronomic

ASTRONOM'IC, or ASTRONOM'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to astronomy.

Astronomically

ASTRONOM'ICALLY, adverb In an astronomical manner; by the principles of astronomy.

Astronomize

ASTRON'OMIZE, verb intransitive To study astronomy. [Little used.]

Brown.

Astronomy

ASTRON'OMY, noun [Greek, a star, and, a law or rule.]

The science which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies, their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, aspects, eclipses, order, &c. This science depends on observations, made chiefly with instruments, and upon mathematical calculations.

Astroscope

AS'TROSCOPE, noun [Greek, a star, and, to view.]

An astronomical instrument, composed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations, with their stars, are delineated, by means of which the stars may be easily known.

Encyc.

Astroscopy

AS'TROSCOPY, noun [See Astroscope.] Observation of the stars.

Astro-Theology

ASTRO-THEOL'OGY, noun [Latin astrum, a star, and theologia, divinity.]

Theology founded on the observation of the celestial bodies.

Derham.

Astrut

ASTRUT', adverb [See Strut.] In a strutting manner.

Astute

ASTU'TE, adjective [Latin astutus, from astus, craft, subtilty; Irish aisde, aiste, ingenuity.]

Shrewd; sharp; eagle-eyed; critically examining or discerning.

Sandys.

Asunder

ASUND'ER, adverb [Saxon asundrian, to divide. See Sunder.]

Apart; into parts; separately; in a divided state.

The Lord hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked. Psalm 129.

Aswoon

ASWOON', adverb In a swoon. Obs.

Gower.

Asylum

ASY'LUM, noun [Latin from Greek, safe from spoil, and, spoil, to plunder.]

1. A sanctuary, or place of refuge, where criminals and debtors shelter themselves from justice, and from which they cannot be taken without sacrilege. Temples and altars were anciently asylums; as were tombs, statues and monuments. The ancient heathens allowed asylums for the protection of the vilest criminals; and the Jews had their cities of refuge.

2. Any place of retreat and security.

Asymmetral

ASYM'METRAL, or ASYMMET'RICAL, adjective [See Symmetry.]

Not having symmetry. [Little used.]

More.

Asymmetry

ASYM'METRY, noun [Greek priv. and, symmetry, of, with, and, to measure.]

The want of proportion between the parts of a thing. It is also used in mathematics for incommensurability, when between two quantities there is no common measure.

Johnson.

Asymptote

AS'YMPTOTE, noun [Greek priv., with and, to fall; not meeting or coinciding.]

A line which approaches nearer and nearer to some curve, but though infinitely extended, would never meet it. This may be conceived as a tangent to a curve at an infinite distance.

Chambers.

Asymptotical

ASYMPTOT'ICAL, adjective Belonging to an asymptote. Asymptotical lines or curves are such as continually approach, when extended, but never meet.

Asyndeton

ASYN'DETON, noun [Greek priv. and, to bind together.]

In grammar, a figure which omits the connective; as, veni, vidi, vici. It stands opposed to polysyndeton, which is a multiplication of connectives.

Campbell.

At

AT, prep. [Saxon oet; Gothic at; Latin ad. At, ad and to, if not radically the same word, often coincide in signification. In Welsh at is to, and in Danish it is the sign of the infinitive mode; in Amh. od, or ud, is towards. The word at is doubtless the oriental, Chaldee and Hebrew to come, to approach. Hence it primarily denotes presence, meeting, nearness, direction towards.]

In general, at denotes nearness, or presence; as at the ninth hour, at the house; but it is less definite than in or on; at the house, may be in or near the house. It denotes also towards, versus, as, to aim an arrow at a mark.

From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. At the sight, is with, present, or coming the sight; at this news, present the news, on or with the approach or arrival of this news. At peace, at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or war existing, being present; at ease, at play, at a loss, &c. convey the like idea. At arms, furnished with arms, bearing arms, present with arms; at hand, within reach of the hand, and therefore near; at my cost, with my cost; at his suit, by or with his suit; at this declaration, he rose from his seat, that is, present, or coming this declaration; whence results the idea in consequence of it. At his command, is either under his command, that is, literally, coming or being come his command, in the power of, or in consequence of it. He is good at engraving, at husbandry; that is, in performing that business. He deserves well at our hands, that is, from us. The peculiar phrases in which this word occurs, with appropriate significations, are numerous. At first, at last, at least, at best, at the worst, at the highest or lowest, are phrases in which some noun is implied; as, at the first time or beginning; at the last time, or point of time; at the least or best degree, &c.; all denoting an extreme point or superlative degree. At all, is in any manner or degree.

At is sometimes used for to, or towards, noting progression or direction; as, he aims at perfection; he makes or runs at him, or points at him. In this phrase, he longs to be at him, at has its general sense of approaching, or present, or with, in contest or attack.

Atabal

AT'ABAL, noun [Spanish] A kettle drum; a kind of tabor.

Dryden.

Atacamite

ATAC'AMITE, noun A muriate of copper.

Atagas

AT'AGAS, noun The red cock or moor-game.

Coxe.

Atamasco

ATAMAS'CO, noun A species of lily of the genus Amaryllis.

Ataraxy

AT'ARAXY, noun [Greek, of priv. and, tumult.]

Calmness of mind; a term used by the stoics and sceptics to denote a freedom from the emotions which proceed from vanity and self-conceit.

Encyc.

Ataxy

ATAX'Y, noun [Greek priv. and, order.]

Want of order; disturbance; irregularity in the functions of the body, or in the crises and paroxysms of disease.

Coxe. Encyc.

Atche

ATCHE, noun In Turkey, a small silver coin, value about six or seven mills.

Encyc.

Ate

ATE, the preterite of eat, which see.

Ate

A'TE, n. a'ty. [Greek, mischief; to hurt. Ate is a personification of evil, mischief or malice.]

In pagan mythology, the goddess of mischief, who was cast down from heaven by Jupiter.

Pope's Hom. Il.

Atellan

ATEL'LAN, adjective Relating to the dramas at Atella in Italy.

Shaftesbury.

Atellan

ATEL'LAN, noun A dramatic representation, satirical or licentious.

Shaftesbury.

A Tempo Giusto.

A TEMP'O GIUSTO. [Italian; Latin in tempore justo.]

A direction in music, which signifies to sing or play in an equal, true or just time.

Athanasian

ATHANA'SIAN, adjective Pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, in the fourth century. The Athanasian creed is a formulary, confession or exposition of faith, supposed formerly to have been drawn up by Athanasius, but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles. It is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith.

Athanor

ATH'ANOR, noun [Arabic and Hebrew thanor, an oven or furnace.]

A digesting furnace, formerly used in chimical operations; so constructed as to maintain a uniform and durable heat. It is a furnace, with a lateral tower close on all sides, which is to be filled with fuel. As the fuel below is consumed, that in the tower falls down to supply its place.

Nicholson.

Atheism

A'THEISM, noun The disbelief of the existence of a God, or Supreme intelligent Being.

Atheism is a ferocious system that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us, to awaken tenderness.

Rob. Hall.

Atheist

A'THEIST, noun [Greek, of priv. and, God.]

One who disbelieves the existence of a God, or Supreme intelligent Being.

Atheist

A'THEIST, adjective Atheistical; disbelieving or denying the being of a Supreme God.

Atheistic

ATHEIST'IC, or ATHEIST'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to atheism.

2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; applied to persons; as, an atheistic writer.

3. Implying or containing atheism; applied to things; as, atheistic doctrines or opinions.

Atheistically

ATHEIST'ICALLY, adverb In an atheistic manner; impiously.

Atheisticalness

ATHEIST'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being atheistical.

Atheize

A'THEIZE, verb intransitive To discourse as an atheist. [Not used.]

Cudworth.

Athel

ATHEL, ADEL or AETHEL, noble, of illustrious birth; Saxon oedel, oethel; German adel;

Dutch edel; Swedish oedel; Danish oedel; Arabic athala, to be well rooted, to be of noble origin. This word is found in many Saxon names; as in Atheling, a noble youth; Ethelred, noble counsel; Ethelard, noble genius; Ethelbert, noble bright, eminently noble; Ethelwald, noble government, or power; Ethelward, noble defender.

Athenian

ATHE'NIAN, adjective [from Athens.] Pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Attica in Greece.

Athenian

ATHE'NIAN, noun A native or inhabitant of Athens.

Atheologian

ATHEOLO'GIAN, noun One who is opposed to a theologian.

Hayward.

Atheology

ATHEOL'OGY, noun Atheism. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Atheous

A'THEOUS, adjective Atheistic; impious. [Not used.]

Milton.

Atherine

ATH'ERINE, or ATHERI'NA, noun A genus of fishes of the abdominal order. The characters are, the upper jaw is rather flat, the rays of the gill membrane are six, and the side belt or line shines like silver. There are four species; the best known is the Hepsetus, very abundant in the Mediterranean, where it is caught in large quantities.

Pennant. Ed. Encyc.

Atheroma

ATHERO'MA, or ATH'EROME, noun [Greek from, pap.]

An encysted tumor, without pain or discoloration of the skin, containing matter like pap, intermixed with hard stony particles; easily cured by incision.

Encyc. Coxe.

Atheromatous

ATHERO'MATOUS, adjective Pertaining to or resembling an atherome; having the qualities of an atherome.

Wiseman.

Athirst

ATHIRST', adjective athurst'. [a and thirst. See Thirst.]

1. Thirsty; wanting drink.

2. Having a keen appetite or desire.

He had a soul athirst for knowledge.

Chaldee Observer.

Athlete

ATHLE'TE, noun [See Athletic.] A contender for victory.

A. Smith's Theory.

Athletic

ATHLET'IC, adjective [Greek; Latin athleta, a wrestler; from, strife, contest.]

1. Belonging to wrestling, boxing, running and other exercises and sports, which were practiced by the ancients, usually called the athletic games. Hence,

2. Strong; lusty; robust; vigorous. An athletic body or constitution is one fitted for vigorous exertions.

Athwart

ATHWART', prep. [a and thwart. See Thwart.]

1. Across; from side to side; transverse; as athwart the path.

2. In marine language, across the line of a ship's course; as, a fleet standing athwart our course.

Athwart hause, is the situation of a ship when she lies across the stem of another, whether near, or at some distance.

Athwart the fore foot, is a phrase applied to the flight of a cannon ball, across another ship's course, ahead, as a signal for her to bring to.

Athwart ships, reaching across the ship from side to side, or in that direction.

Mar. Dict.

Athwart

ATHWART', adverb In a manner to cross and perplex; crossly; wrong; wrongfully.

Atilt

ATILT', adverb [a and tilt. See Tilt.]

1. In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action of a man making a thrust; as, to stand or run atilt.

2. In the manner of a cask tilted, or with one end raised.

Atimy

AT'IMY, noun [Greek, and, honor.]

In ancient Greece, disgrace; exclusion from office or magistracy, by some disqualifying act or decree.

Mitford.

Atlantian

ATLAN'TIAN, or ATLANTE'AN, adjective Pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients alledge was sunk and overwhelmed by the ocean.

Plato.

2. Pertaining to Atlas; resembling Atlas.

Atlantic

ATLAN'TIC, adjective [from Atlas or Atlantis.]

Pertaining to that division of the ocean, which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west.

Atlantic

ATLAN'TIC, noun The ocean, or that part of the ocean, which is between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west.

Atlantica

ATLAN'TICA, or ATLAN'TIS, noun An isle mentioned by the ancients, situated west of Gades, or Cadiz, on the strait of Gibraltar. The poets mention two isles and call them Hesperides, western isles, and Elysian fields. Authors are not agreed whether these isles were the Canaries, or some other isles, or the continent of America.

Homer. Horace.

Atlantides

ATLAN'TIDES, noun A name given to the Pleiades or seven stars, which were feigned to be the daughters of Atlas, a king of Mauritania, or of his brother, Hesperus, who were translated to heaven.

Encyc.

Atlantis

ATLAN'TIS, noun A fictitious philosophical commonwealth of Lord Bacon, or the piece describing it; composed in the manner of More's Utopia, and Campanella's City of the Sun. One part of the work is finished, in which the author has described a college, founded for the study of Nature, under the name of Solomon's House. The model of a commonwealth was never executed.

Encyc.

Atlas

AT'LAS, noun A collection of maps in a volume; supposed to be so called from a picture of mount Atlas, supporting the heavens, prefixed to some collection.

Johnson.

2. A large square folio, resembling a volume of maps.

3. The supporters of a building.

4. A silk sattin, or stuff, manufactured in the east, with admirable ingenuity, Atlasses are plain, striped, or flowered; but they have not the fine gloss and luster of some French silks.

Encyc.

5. The first verteber of the neck.

Coxe.

6. A term applied to paper, as atlas fine.

Burke.

Atmometer

ATMOM'ETER, noun [Greek, vapor, and, to measure.]

An instrument to measure the quantity of exhalation from a humid surface in a given time; an evaporometer.

Ure.

Atmosphere

AT'MOSPHERE, noun [Greek, vapor, and, a sphere.]

The whole mass of fluid, consisting of air, aqueous and other vapors, surrounding the earth.

Atmospheric

ATMOSPHER'IC or ATMOSPHER'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the atmosphere; as atmospheric air or vapors.

2. Dependent on the atmosphere.

I am an atmospheric creature.

Pope.

Atom

AT'OM, noun [Greek; Latin atomus; from, not, and, to cut.]

1. A particle of matter so minute as to admit of no division. Atoms are conceived to be the first principles or component parts of all bodies.

Quincy.

2. The ultimate or smallest component part of a body.

Chimistry.

3. Any thing extremely small.

Shak.

Atomic

ATOM'IC, or ATOM'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to atoms; consisting of atoms; extremely minute.

The atomical philosophy, said to be broached by Moschus, before the Trojan war, and cultivated by Epicurus, teaches that atoms are endued with gravity and motion, by which all things were formed, without the aid of a supreme intelligent Being.

The atomic theory, in chimistry, or the doctrine of definite proportions, teaches that all chimical combinations take place between the ultimate particles or atoms of bodies, and that these unite either atom with atom, or in proportions expressed by some simple multiple of the number of atoms.

Dalton.

Atomism

AT'OMISM, noun The doctrine of atoms.

Atomist

AT'OMIST, noun One who holds to the atomical philosophy.

Atom-Like

AT'OM-LIKE, adjective Resembling atoms.

Browne.

Atomy

AT'OMY, noun A word used by Shakspeare for atom; also an abbreviation of anatomy.

Atone

ATO'NE, adverb [at and one.] At one; together.

Spenser.

Atone

ATO'NE, verb intransitive [Supposed to be compounded of at and one. The Spanish has adunar, to unite or join, and the Ital. adunare, to assemble; from Latin ad and unus, unio. In Welsh, dyun signifies united, accordant, agreeing; dyunaw, to unite or agree; from un, one, and dy, a prefix denoting iteration.]

1. To agree; to be in accordance; to accord.

He and Aufidus can no more atone,

Than violentest contrariety.

Shak.

[This sense is obsolete.]

2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, amends or satisfaction for an offense or a crime, by which reconciliation is procured between the offended and offending parties.

The murderer fell and blood atoned for blood.

Pope.

By what propitiation shall I atone for my former gravity.

Rambler, No. 10.

The life of a slave was deemed to be of so little value, that a very slight compensation atoned for taking it away.

Robertson, Charles V.

3. To atone for, to make compensation or amends.

This evil was atoned for by the good effects of the study of the practical physics of Aristotle.

Schlegel, Trans.

The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure.

Junius.

Atone

ATO'NE, verb transitive To expiate; to answer or make satisfaction for.

Or each atone his guilty love with life.

Pope.

2. To reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease. [Not now used.]

Atoned

ATO'NED, participle passive Expiated; appeased; reconciled.

Atonement

ATO'NEMENT, noun Agreement; concord; reconciliation, after enmity or controversy. Romans 5.

He seeks to make atonement

Between the Duke of Glo'ster and your brothers.

Shak.

2. Expiation; satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing or suffering that which is received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; with for.

And Moses said to Aaron, go to the altar, and offer thy sin-offering, and thy burnt-offering, and make an atonement for thyself and for the people. Leviticus 9.

When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement he can make for it is, to warn others not to fall into the like.

Spect. No. 8.

The Phocians behaved with so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense.

Potter, Antiq.

3. In theology, the expiation of sin made by the obedience and personal sufferings of Christ.

Atoner

ATO'NER, noun He who makes atonement.

Atonic

ATON'IC, adjective Relaxed; debilitated.

Atoning

ATO'NING, participle of the present tense Reconciling. Obs.

2. Making amends, or satisfaction.

Atony

AT'ONY, noun [Greek, defect, of a priv. and, tone, from, to stretch.]

Debility; relaxation; a want of tone or tension; defect of muscular power; palsy.

Wilson. Coxe.

Atop

ATOP', adverb [a and top. See Top.] On or at the top.

Milton.

Atrabilarian

ATRABILA'RIAN, or ATRABILA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin atra bilis, black bile.]

Affected with melancholy, which the ancients attributed to the bile; replete with black bile.

Atrabilariousness

ATRABILA'RIOUSNESS, noun The state of being melancholy, or affected with disordered bile.

Atramental

ATRAMENT'AL, or ATRAMENT'OUS, adjective [Latin atramentum, ink, from ater, black.]

Inky; black like ink.

Atramentarious

ATRAMENTA'RIOUS, adjective Like ink; suitable for making ink. The sulphate of iron, or green copperas, is called atramentarious, as being the material of ink.

Fourcroy.

Atrip

ATRIP', adverb [a and trip. See Trip.]

In nautical language, the anchor is atrip, when drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direction. The topsails are atrip, when they are hoisted to the top of the mast, or as high as possible.

Mar. Dict.

Atrocious

ATRO'CIOUS, adjective [Latin atrox, trux, fierce, cruel.]

Extremely hainous, criminal or cruel; enormous; outrageous; as atrocious guilt or offense.

Atrociously

ATRO'CIOUSLY, adverb In an atrocious manner; with enormous cruelty or guilt.

Atrociousness

ATRO'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being enormously criminal or cruel.

Atrocity

ATROC'ITY, noun Enormous wickedness; extreme hainousnes or cruelty; as the atrocity of murder.

Atrophy

AT'ROPHY, noun [Greek. priv. and, to nourish.]

A consumption or wasting of the flesh, with loss of strength, without any sensible cause or hectic fever; a wasting from defect of nourishment.

Encyc. Coxe.

Atropia

ATRO'PIA, noun A new vegetable alkali extracted from the atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. It is white, brilliant and crystalizes in long needles.

Ure.

Attach

ATTACH', verb transitive [French attacher, to tie or fasten, to apply, to engage, to stick; Armoric staga; Italian attaccare; Norm. attacher, to attack; tache, tied, fixed, tacked together; Portugese Spanish atacar. It seems to be allied to attack, and the sense is to put, throw or fall on, hence to seize, and stop, coinciding with the take; Swedish taga; Danish

tager; Saxon toeccan; Greek; Latin tango, for tago; tack; &c. Class, Dg. See Attack and Tack.]

1. To take by legal authority; to arrest the person by writ, to answer for a debt; applied to a taking of the person by a civil process; being never used for the arrest of a criminal. It is applied also to the taking of goods and real estate by an officer, by virtue of a writ or precept, to hold the same to satisfy a judgment to be rendered in the suit.

2. To take, seize and lay hold on, by moral force, as by affection or interest; to win the heart; to fasten or bind by moral influence; as, attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery.

3. To make to adhere; to tie, bind or fasten; as, to attach substances by any glutinous matter; to attach one thing to another by a string.

Attachable

ATTACH'ABLE, adjective That may be legally attached; liable to be taken by writ or precept.

Attached

ATTACH'ED, participle passive Taken by writ or precept; drawn to and fixed, or united by affection or interest.

Attaching

ATTACH'ING, participle of the present tense Taking or seizing by commandment or writ; drawing to, and fixing by influence; winning the affections.

Attachment

ATTACH'MENT, noun A taking of the person, goods or estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a debt or demand.

2. A writ directing the person or estate of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a court. In England, the first notice to appear in court is by summons; and if the defendant disobeys this monition, a writ of attachment issues, commanding the sheriff to attach him, by taking gage, or security in goods, which he forfeits by non-appearance, or by making him find safe pledges or sureties for his appearance. But in trespasses, an attachment is the first process. In this country, attachment is more generally the first process, and in some states, the writ of attachment issues at first against the property or person of the defendant. In Connecticut, this writ issues against the person, goods or land, in the first instance, commanding to take the goods and estate of the defendant, if to be found; or otherwise, to take his body. In England, witnesses not appearing upon a summons, may be taken by attachment; a process called with us a capias. Attachments also issue against persons for contempt of court. The court of attachments, in England, is held before the verderors of the forest, to attach and try offenders against vert and venison.

Foreign attachment is the taking of the money or goods of a debtor in the hands of a stranger; as when the debtor is not within the jurisdiction of the court or has absconded. Any person who has goods or effects of a debtor, is considered in law as the agent, attorney, factor or trustee of the debtor; and an attachment served on such person binds the property in his hands to respond the judgment against the debtor.

3. Close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; any passion or affection that binds a person; as, an attachment to a friend, or to a party.

Attack

ATTACK', verb transitive [French attaquer; Armoric attacqi; Italian attaccare, to fasten, to engage in battle; attacco, a sticking; Spanish atacar, to assault, to fasten or make close, to cram; Portugese atacar, to attack, to seize, to fasten; Hebrew and Chaldee, to thrust, to drive, to strike.

It seems to be allied to attach; but the latter verb agrees better with the Ethiopic to press, whence to press, to make close; and the Chaldee, to accuse, to unite. Class Dg.]

1. To assault; to fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms. It is the appropriate word for the commencing act of hostility between armies and navies.

2. To fall upon, with unfriendly words or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by satire, calumny or criticism; as, to attack a man or his opinions in a pamphlet.

Attack

ATTACK', noun An onset; first invasion; a falling on, with force or violence, or with calumny, satire or criticism.

Attacked

ATTACK'ED, participle passive Assaulted; invaded; fallen on by force or enmity.

Attacker

ATTACK'ER, noun One who assaults or invades.

Attacking

ATTACK'ING, participle of the present tense Assaulting; invading; falling on with force, calumny or criticism.

Attacottic

ATTACOT'TIC, adjective Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of ancient Britons, allies of the Scots.

Pinkerton.

Attagen

AT'TAGEN, noun A beautiful fowl, resembling the pheasant, with a short black bill and a fine crest of yellow feathers, variegated with black and white spots, found in the mountains of Sicily.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Attain

ATTA'IN, verb intransitive [French and Norm. atteindre; Latin attingo, to reach, come to or overtake; ad and tango, to touch, reach or strike; that is, to thrust, urge or push to. It has no connection with Latin attineo. See Class, Dg.]

1. To reach; to come to or arrive at, by motion, bodily exertion, or efforts towards a place or object.

If by any means they might attain to Phenice. Acts 27.

2. To reach; to come to or arrive at, by an effort of mind.

Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high; I cannot attain to it. Psalm 139.

Regularly this verb should be always followed by to; the omission of to, and the use of the verb, in a transitive sense, may have originated in mistake, from the opinion that the verb is from the Latin attineo, and equivalent to obtain.

Attain

ATTA'IN, verb transitive To gain; to compass; to achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; without to following.

Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means?

Tillotson.

This use of the verb is now established; but in strictness to is here implied; attain to the end. The real sense, as in the intransitive use of the verb, is, to reach or come to the end or purpose in view. This word always implies an effort towards an object. Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure, which do not necessarily imply such effort. We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by such means. An inattention to this distinction has led good authors into great mistakes in the use of this word.

2. To reach or come to a place or object by progression or motion.

But are such tidings shall his ears attain.

Hoole's Tasso.

Canaan he now attains.

Milton.

3. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.

Bacon.

Attainable

ATTA'INABLE, adjective That may be attained; that may be reached by efforts of the mind or body; that may be compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object; as, perfection is not attainable in this life. From an inattention to the true sense of this word, as explained under attain, authors have very improperly used this word for obtainable, procurable; as in the following passages. "The kind and quality of food and liquor; the species of habitation, furniture and clothing to which the common people of each country are habituated, must be attainable with ease and certainty." Paley, Phil. B. 6. Chaldee 11. "Gen. Howe would not permit them to be purchased in Philadelphia, and they (clothes and blankets) were not attainable in the country." Marshall's Life of Washington, 3, 428. Each of these words should be obtainable.

Attainableness

ATTA'INABLENESS, noun The quality of being attainable.

Attainder

ATTA'INDER, noun [Norm. French atteindre, to corrupt, attaint; also conviction; Latin ad and tingo, to stain; Greek. Class Dg. See Tinge.]

1. Literally a staining, corruption, or rendering impure; a corruption of blood. Hence,

2. The judgment of death, or sentence of a competent tribunal upon a person convicted of treason or felony, which judgment attaints, taints or corrupts his blood, so that he can no longer inherit lands. The consequences of this judgment are, forfeiture of lands, tenements and hereditaments, loss of reputation, and disqualification to be a witness in any court of law. A statute of Parliament attainting a criminal, is called an act of attainder.

Upon the thorough demonstration of which guilt by legal attainder, the feudal covenant is broken.

Blackstone.

3. The act of attainting.

An act was made for the attainder of several persons.

Encyc.

Note. By the constitution of the United States, no crime works an attainder.

Attainment

ATTA'INMENT, noun The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence the act of obtaining by efforts; as the attainment of excellence.

2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquisition; as, a man of great attainments.

Attaint

ATTA'INT, verb transitive [See Attainder.]

1. To taint or corrupt; to extinguish the pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of treason or felony, by confession, battle, or verdict, and consequent sentence of death, or by special act of Parliament.

No person shall be attainted of high treason where corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses, &c. Stat. 7 and 8. Welsh 3.

2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, convicted of giving a false verdict. This is done by special writ of attaint. The conviction of such a crime attaints the reputation of jurors, and renders them infamous.

3. To disgrace; to cloud with infamy; to stain.

Spenser.

4. To taint or corrupt.

Shak.

Attaint

ATTA'INT, noun A stain, spot or taint.

Shak.

[See Taint.]

2. Any thing injurious; that which impairs. Obs.

Shak.

3. A blow or wound on the hinder feet of a horse.

Farriery.

4. A writ which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a false verdict in any court of record.

Attainted

ATTA'INTED, participle passive Stained; corrupted; rendered infamous; rendered incapable of inheriting.

Attainting

ATTA'INTING, participle of the present tense Staining; corrupting; rendering infamous by judicial act; depriving of inheritable blood.

Attaintment

ATTA'INTMENT, noun The being attainted.

Attainture

ATTA'INTURE, noun A staining or rendering infamous; reproach; imputation.

Attask

ATTASK', verb transitive To task; to tax. [Not used. See Task.]

Shak.

Attaste

ATTA'STE, verb transitive To taste. [Not used. See Taste.]

Attemper

ATTEM'PER, verb transitive [Latin attempero, of ad and tempero, to temper, mix, or moderate. See Temper.]

1. To reduce, modify or moderate by mixture; as, to attemper heat by a cooling mixture, or spirit by diluting it with water.

2. To soften, mollify or moderate; as, to attemper rigid justice with clemency.

3. To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as, a mind well attempered with kindness and justice.

4. To accommodate; to fit or make suitable.

Arts attempered to the lyre.

Pope.

Attemperance

ATTEM'PERANCE, noun Temperance. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Attemperate

ATTEM'PERATE, adjective [Latin attemperatus.] Tempered; proportioned; suited.

Hope must be proportioned and attemperate to the promise.

Hammond.

Attemperate

ATTEM'PERATE, verb transitive To attemper. [Not in use.]

Hammond.

Attempered

ATTEM'PERED, participle passive Reduced in quality; moderated; softened; well mixed; suited.

Attempering

ATTEM'PERING, participle of the present tense Moderating in quality; softening; mixing in due proportion; making suitable.

Attemperly

ATTEM'PERLY, adverb In a temperate manner. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Attempt

ATTEMPT', verb transitive [French attenter, from Latin attento, to attempt, of ad and tento to try; Armoric attempti. The Latin tento is from the same root as tendo, to strain; Greek. Hence, the literal sense is to strain, urge, stretch.]

1. To make an effort to effect some object; to make trial or experiment; to try; to endeavor; to use exertion for any purpose; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a bold flight.

2. To attack; to make an effort upon; as, to attempt the enemy's camp.

This verb is not always followed by an object, and appears to be intransitive; but some object is understood, or a verb in the infinitive follows in the place of an object; as, he attempted to speak.

Attempt

ATTEMPT', noun An essay, trial or endeavor; an attack; or an effort to gain a point.

Bacon.

Attemptable

ATTEMPT'ABLE, adjective That may be attempted, tried or attacked; liable to an attempt, or attack.

Shak.

Attempted

ATTEMPT'ED, participle passive Essayed; tried; attacked.

Attempter

ATTEMPT'ER, noun One who attempts, or attacks.

Milton.

Attempting

ATTEMPT'ING, participle of the present tense Trying; essaying; making an effort to gain a point; attacking.

Attend

ATTEND', verb transitive [Latin attendo; French attendre, to wait, stay, hold, expect; Spanish atender; Italian attendere; Latin ad and tendo, to stretch, to tend. See Tend.]

1. To go with, or accompany, as a companion, minister or servant.

2. To be present; to accompany or be united to; as a cold attended with fever.

3. To be present for some duty, implying charge or oversight; to wait on; as, the physician or the nurse attends the sick.

4. To be present in business; to be in company from curiosity, or from some connection in affairs; as, lawyers or spectators attend a court.

5. To be consequent to, from connection of cause; as, a measure attended with ill effects.

6. To await; to remain, abide or be in store for; as, happiness or misery attends us after death.

7. To wait for; to lie in wait.

Shak.

8. To wait or stay for.

Three days I promised to attend my doom.

Dryden.

9. To accompany with solicitude; to regard. Their hunger thus appeased, their care attends The doubtful fortune of their absent friends.

Dryden.

10. To regard; to fix the mind upon.

The pilot doth not attend the unskilful words of the passenger.

Sidney.

This is not now a legitimate sense. To express this idea, we now use the verb intransitively, with to, attend to.

11. To expect. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

Attend

ATTEND' verb intransitive To listen; to regard with attention; followed by to.

Attend to the voice of my supplication. Psalm 86.

Hence much used in the imperative, attend!

2. To regard with observation, and correspondent practice.

My son, attend to my words.

Hence, to regard with compliance.

He hath attended to the voice of my prayer.

Psalm 66.

3. To fix the attention upon, as an object of pursuit; to be busy or engaged in; as, to attend to the study of the scriptures.

4. To wait on; to accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty; with on or upon; as, to attend upon a committee; to attend upon business. Hence,

5. To wait on, in service or worship; to serve.

That ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. 1 Corinthians 7.

6. To stay; to delay. Obs.

For this perfection she must yet attend,

Till to her maker she espoused be.

Davies.

7. To wait; to be within call.

Spenser.

Attendance

ATTEND'ANCE, noun [French] The act of waiting on, or serving.

Of which no man gave attendance at the altar. Hebrews 7.

2. A waiting on; a being present on business of any kind; as, the attendance of witnesses or persons in court; attendance of members of the legislature.

3. Service; ministry.

Receive attendance.

Shak.

4. The persons attending; a train; a retinue.

Milton.

5. Attention; regard; careful application of mind.

Give attendance to reading. 1 Timothy 4.

6. Expectation. Obs.

Hooker.

Attendant

ATTEND'ANT, adjective Accompanying; being present, or in the train.

Other suns with their attendant moons.

Milton.

2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; as, intemperance with all its attendant evils.

3. In law, depending on or owing service to; as, the wife attendant to the heir.

Cowel.

Attendant

ATTEND'ANT, noun One who attends or accompanies, in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, minister or servant; one who belongs to the train.

Dryden.

2. One who is present; as an attendant at or upon a meeting.

3. One who owes service to or depends on another.

Cowel.

4. That which accompanies or is consequent to.

A love of fame, the attendant of noble spirits.

Pope.

Shame is the attendant of vice.

Anon.

Attended

ATTEND'ED, participle passive Accompanied; having attendants; served; waited on.

Attender

ATTEND'ER, noun One who attends; a companion; an associate. [Little used.]

Attending

ATTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Going with; accompanying; waiting on; superintending or taking care of; being present; immediately consequent to; serving; listening; regarding with care.

Attent

ATTENT', adjective Attentive. 2 Chronicles 6.

Attentates

ATTENT'ATES, noun Proceedings in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed.

Ayliffe.

Attention

ATTEN'TION, noun The act of attending or heeding; the due application of the ear to sounds, or of the mind to objects presented to its contemplation. [Literally, a stretching towards.]

They say the tongues of dying men

Enforce attention like deep harmony.

Shak.

2. Act of civility, or courtesy; as attention to a stranger.

Attentive

ATTENT'IVE, adjective [French attentif.]

Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care. It is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, together with the senses abovementioned, as when a person is attentive to the words, the manner and matter of a speaker at the same time.

Attentively

ATTENT'IVELY, adverb Heedfully; carefully; with fixed attention.

Attentiveness

ATTENT'IVENESS, noun The state of being attentive; heedfulness; attention.

Attenuant

ATTEN'UANT, adjective [See Attenuate.]

Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and viscid.

Attenuant

ATTEN'UANT, noun A medicine which thins the humors, subtilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the fluids to motion, circulation and secretion; a diluent.

Coxe.

Attenuate

ATTEN'UATE, verb transitive [Latin attenuo, of ad and tenuo, to make thin; Latin tenuis; Welsh tenau; Irish tana or tanaidhe; thin, which see.]

1. To make thin or less consistent; to subtilize or break the humors of the body into finer parts; to render less viscid; opposed to condense, incrassate or thicken.

2. To comminute; to break or wear solid substances into finer or very minute parts.

This uninterrupted motion must attenuate and wear away the hardest rocks.

Trans. of Chaptal's Chimistry.

3. To make slender; to reduce in thickness.

Attenuate

ATTEN'UATE, adjective Made thin, or less viscid; made slender.

Bacon.

Attenuated

ATTEN'UATED, participle passive Made thin or less viscid; comminuted; made slender. In botany, growing slender towards the point.

Attenuating

ATTEN'UATING, participle of the present tense Making thin, as fluids; making fine, as solid substances; making slender or lean.

Attenuation

ATTENUA'TION, noun The act of making thin, as fluids; as the attenuation of the humors.

2. The act of making fine, by comminution, or attrition.

The action of the air facilitates the attenuation of these rocks.

Trans. Chaptal.

3. The act or process of making slender, thin or lean.

Atterate

AT'TERATE, verb transitive [Latin attero, to wear.] To wear away.

2. To form or accumulate by wearing.

Atterated

AT'TERATED, participle passive Formed by wearing.

Ray.

Atteration

ATTERA'TION, noun The operation of forming land by the wearing of the sea, and the wearing of the earth in one place and deposition of it in another.

Ray.

Attest

ATTEST', verb transitive [French attester; Latin attestor; of ad and testor, to affirm or bear witness, from testis. See Testify.]

1. To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; to make a solemn declaration in words or writing, to support a fact; appropriately used for the affirmation of persons in their official capacity; as, to attest the truth of a writing; to attest a copy of record. Persons also attest writings by subscribing their names.

2. To bear witness, or support the truth of a fact, by other evidence than words; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence.

3. To call to witness; to invoke as conscious.

The sacred streams which heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths, and fears to violate.

Dryden.

Attest

ATTEST', noun Witness; testimony; attestation. [Little used.]

Attestation

ATTESTA'TION, noun Testimony; witness; a solemn or official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The truth appears from the attestation of witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name to a writing is an attestation.

Attested

ATTEST'ED, participle passive Proved or supported by testimony, solemn or official; witnessed; supported by evidence.

Attesting

ATTEST'ING, participle of the present tense Witnessing; calling to witness; affirming in support of.

Attestor

ATTEST'OR, noun One who attests.

Attic

AT'TIC, adjective [Latin Atticus; Greek.]

Pertaining to Attica in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens. Thus, Attic wit, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians; Attic faith, inviolable faith.

Attic base, a peculiar base used by the ancient architects in the Ionic order, or column; and by Palladio and others, in the Doric.

Encyc.

Attic order, an order of small square pillars at the uppermost extremity of a building. This had its origin in Athens, and was intended to conceal the roof. These pillars should never exceed one third of the length of the order on which they are placed, nor be less than one quarter of it.

Encyc.

Attic story, a story in the upper part of a house, where the windows usually are square.

Encyc.

Attic

AT'TIC, noun A small square pillar with its cornice on the uppermost part of a building. Attics properly form the crown of the building, or a finishing for the other orders, when they are used in the structure.

Encyc.

2. An Athenian; an Athenian author.

Jones' Greek Grammar.

Atticism

AT'TICISM, noun The peculiar style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians; refined and elegant Greek; concise and elegant expression.

Encyc. Art. Philos.

2. A particular attachment to the Athenians.

Mitford.

Atticize

AT'TICIZE, verb transitive To conform or make conformable to the language or idiom of Attica. Adjectives in, when atticized, become.

Jones' Greek Grammar.

Atticize

AT'TICIZE, verb intransitive To use atticisms, or the idiom of the Athenians.

Attics

AT'TICS, n. plu. The title of a book in Pausanias, which treats of Attica.

Trans. of Paus. B. 1.

Attire

ATTI'RE, verb transitive [Norm. attyrer, to provide; French atours, dress, attire; atourner, to dress a bride, to attire; atourneresse, a tire woman; Armoric atourm, female ornaments; German zieren, to adorn. We retain tire, the simple word, applied to the band of a wheel, and this word, in the Dutch toer, coincides with tour. See Class Dr.]

To dress; to array; to adorn with elegant or splendid garments.

With the linen miter shall Aaron be attired. Leviticus 16.

Attire

ATTI'RE, noun Dress; clothes; habit; but appropriately, ornamental dress.

Can a bride forget her attire. Jeremiah 2.

2. The horns of a deer.

3. In botany, the generative parts of plants. Florid attire, called thrums or suits, as in the flowers of marygold or tansy, consists of two or three parts, of which the outer part is the floret. Semiform attire consists of the chives and apexes. This language is now obsolete.

Attired

ATTI'RED, participle passive Dressed; decked with ornaments or attire.

Attirer

ATTI'RER, noun One who dresses or adorns with attire.

Attiring

ATTI'RING, participle of the present tense Dressing; adorning with dress or attire.

Attitle

ATTI'TLE, verb transitive To entitle. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Attitude

AT'TITUDE, noun [French attitude, posture; Spanish actitud, from Latin actus, ago. The Italian attitudine is posture and fitness; attitude and aptitude being united in the same word.]

1. In painting and sculpture, the posture or action in which a figure or statue is placed; the gesture of a figure or statue; such a disposition of the parts as serves to express the action and sentiments of the person represented.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. Posture; position of things or persons; as, in times of trouble let the prince or a nation preserve a firm attitude.

Washington's Farewell Address. Hamilton. Gov. Smith. N. H.

Attollent

ATTOL'LENT, adjective [Latin attollens, attollo, of ad and tollo, to lift.]

Lifting up; raising; as an attollent muscle.

Derham.

Attollent

ATTOL'LENT, noun A muscle which raises some part, as the ear, the tip of the nose, or the upper eye lid; otherwise called levator or elevator.

Quincy. Coxe.

Attorn

ATTORN', verb intransitive [Latin ad and torno; French tourner; Armoric tuirgna, turnein, to turn; Spanish tornar; Portugese id; Italian attornare, torniare. Hence torniamento, a tournament; Spanish torneo. See Turn.]

In the feudal law, to turn, or transfer homage and service from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals or tenants, upon the alienation of the estate.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Attorney

ATTORN'EY, noun plu. attorneys. [Norm. attournon; torne, id; from tour, tourn, turn, change. One who takes the turn or place of another. See Attorn and Turn.]

One who is appointed or admitted in the place of another, to manage his matters in law. The word formerly signified any person who did business for another; but its sense is now chiefly or wholly restricted to persons who act as substitutes for the persons concerned, in prosecuting and defending actions before courts of justice, or in transacting other business in which legal rights are involved. The word answers to the procurator, (proctor,) of the civilians.

Attorneys are not admitted to practice in courts, until examined, approved, licensed and sworn, by direction of some court; after which they are proper officers of the court.

In German Britain, and in some of the U. States, attorneys are not permitted to be advocates or counsel in the higher courts; this privilege being confined to counsellors and sergeants. In other states, there is no distinction of rank, and attorneys practice in all the courts. And in a general sense, the word attorney comprehends counsellors, barristers and serjeants.

In Virginia, the duties of attorney, counsellor, conveyancer and advocate, are all performed by the same individual.

Wirt.

An attorney may have general powers to transact business for another; or his powers may be special, or limited to a particular act or acts.

Attorney General is an officer appointed to manage business for the king, the state or public; and his duty, in particular, is to prosecute persons guilty of crimes.

A letter or warrant of attorney is a written authority from one person empowering another to transact business for him.

Attorney

ATTORN'EY, verb transitive To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Attorneyship

ATTORN'EYSHIP, noun The office of an attorney; agency for another.

Shak.

Attorning

ATTORN'ING, participle of the present tense Acknowledging a new lord, or transferring homage and fealty to the purchaser of an estate.

Attornment

ATTORN'MENT, noun The act of a feudatory, vassal or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and transfers to him his homage and service.

Encyc. Blackstone.

Attract

ATTRACT', verb transitive [Latin attraho, attractus, of ad and traho, to draw. See Drag and Draw.]

1. To draw to; to cause to move towards, and unite with; as, electrical bodies attract straws, and light substances, by physical laws.

2. To draw to or incline to unite with, though some cause may prevent the union; as, the sun is supposed to attract the planets.

3. To draw by influence of a moral kind; to invite or allure; as, to attract admirers.

4. To engage; as, to attract attention.

Attract

ATTRACT', noun Attraction. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Attractability

ATTRACTABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being attractable, or of being subject to the law of attraction.

Asiat. Researches.

Attractable

ATTRACT'ABLE, adjective That may be attracted; subject to attraction.

Lavoisier by Kerr.

Attracted

ATTRACT'ED, participle passive Drawn towards; invited; allured; engaged.

Attractic

ATTRACT'IC, or ATTRACT'ICAL, adjective Having power to draw to. [Not used.]

Ray.

Attractile

ATTRACT'ILE, adjective That has power to attract.

Med. Rep.

Attracting

ATTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing to or towards; inviting; alluring; engaging.

Attractingly

ATTRACT'INGLY, adverb In an attracting manner.

Attraction

ATTRAC'TION, noun The power in bodies which is supposed to draw them together; or the tendency or principle which inclines them to unite or cohere; called by Copernicus, appetence.

Encyc.

This power, principle or tendency in bodies to unite, is distinguished by philosophers into attraction of gravity or gravitation, which extends to a sensible distance, such as the tendency of the planets to the sun, or of a stone, when raised in the air, to fall to the earth, and of which kind is the attraction of magnetism, and of electricity; and into attraction of cohesion, or that tendency which is manifested between small particles of matter, at insensible distances, or near the point of contact, to unite them in coherence.

The attraction of gravity is supposed to be the great principle which confines the planets in their orbits. Its power or force is directly as the quantity of matter in a body, and inversely as the square of the distances of the attracting bodies.

Newton. Encyc.

2. The act of attracting; the effect of the principle of attraction.

Attraction may be performed by impulse or other means.

Newton's Optics.

3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting or engaging; as the attraction of beauty or eloquence.

Contiguous attraction is that which is exerted between minute particles or atoms, at insensible distances. When this principle unites particles of the same kind, it is called affinity of aggregation, cohesive affinity or cohesion. When it operates on dissimilar particles, producing union, it is distinguished as heterogeneous, and called chimical attraction or affinity.

Webster's Manual.

Elective attraction, in chimistry, is otherwise called affinity. It is that power in substances, which elects or selects from a mixture those elements with which they have the strongest tendency to combine.

Attractive

ATTRACT'IVE, adjective [French attractif.]

1. Having the quality of attracting; drawing to; as the attractive force of bodies.

2. Drawing to by moral influence; alluring; inviting; engaging; as the attractive graces.

An attractive undertaking.

Roscoe.

Attractively

ATTRACT'IVELY, adverb With the power of attracting, or drawing to.

Attractiveness

ATTRACT'IVENESS, noun The quality of being attractive, or engaging.

Attractor

ATTRACT'OR, noun The person or thing that attracts.

Attrahent

ATTRA'HENT, adjective [Latin attrahens.] Drawing to; or as a noun, that which draws to.

Glanville.

Attrap

ATTRAP', verb transitive [Qu. French drap, cloth.] To clothe; to dress. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Attrectation

ATTRECTA'TION, noun [Latin attrectatio.] Frequent handling.

Dict.

Attributable

ATTRIB'UTABLE, adjective [See Attribute.]

That may be ascribed, imputed or attributed; ascribable; imputable; as, the fault is not attributable to the author.

Attribute

ATTRIB'UTE, verb transitive [Latin attribuo; ad and tribuo, to divide, to bestow, to assign; tribus, a tribe, division or ward; French attribuer; Spanish atribuir, tribuir; Italian attribuire. See Tribe.]

1. To allot or attach, in contemplation; to ascribe; to consider as belonging.

We attribute nothing to God, that contains a contradiction.

Tillotson.

2. To give as due; to yield as an act of the mind; as, to attribute to God all the glory of redemption.

3. To impute, as to a cause; as, our misfortunes are generally to be attributed to our follies or imprudence.

Attribute

AT'TRIBUTE, noun That which is attributed; that which is considered as belonging to, or inherent in; as, power and wisdom are attributes of the Supreme Being: or a quality determining something to be after a certain manner; as, extension is an attribute of body.

Encyc.

2. Quality; characteristic disposition; as bravery and generosity in men.

Bacon.

3. A thing belonging to another; an appendant; as the arms of a warrior. In painting and sculpture, a symbol of office or character, added to the principal figure; as a club is the attribute of Hercules.

Encyc.

4. Reputation; honor.

Shak.

[Not a proper sense of this word].

Attributed

ATTRIB'UTED, participle passive Ascribed; yielded as due; imputed.

Attributing

ATTRIB'UTING, participle of the present tense Ascribing; yielding or giving as due; imputing.

Attribution

ATTRIBU'TION, noun The act of attributing, or the quality ascribed; commendation.

Attributive

ATTRIB'UTIVE, adjective Pertaining to or expressing an attribute.

Harris.

Attributive

ATTRIB'UTIVE, noun In grammar, a word significant of an attribute; as an adjective, verb or particle, which is the attribute of a substance.

Harris' Hermes.

Attrite

ATTRI'TE, adjective [Latin attritus, worn, of ad and tero, to wear; Greek. See Trite.] Worn by rubbing or friction.

Milton.

[See Trite, which is now generally used.]

Attriteness

ATTRI'TENESS, noun The being much worn.

Johnson.

Attrition

ATTRI'TION, noun Abrasion; the act of wearing by friction, or rubbing substances together.

The change of aliment is effected by the attrition of the stomach.

Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being worn.

Johnson.

3. With divines, grief for sin arising from fear of punishment; the lowest degree of repentance.

Wallis.

Attune

ATTU'NE, v.t. [of ad and tune. See Tone and Tune.] To make musical.

Vernal airs attune the trembling leaves.

Milton.

2. To tune, or put in tune; to adjust one sound to another; to make accordant; as, to attune the voice to a harp.

Attuned

ATTU'NED, participle passive Made musical or harmonious; accommodated in sound.

Attuning

ATTU'NING, participle of the present tense Putting in tune; making musical, or accordant in sound.

Atwain

ATWA'IN, adverb In twain; asunder. Obs.

Shak.

Atween

ATWEE'N, adverb Between. Obs.

Spenser.

Atwixt

ATWIXT', adverb Betwixt. Obs.

Spenser.

Atwo

ATWO, adverb In two. Obs.

Chaucer.

Aubaine

AUBA'INE, n. aubÃƒ-¡in. [French aubain, an alien.]

The droit d'aubaine, in France, is the right of the king to the goods of an alien dying within his jurisdiction, the king standing in the place of the heirs.

Auburn

AU'BURN, adjective [This word is evidently formed from brun, bruno, French and Italian brown, by a transposition of the letters r and n, with a prefix, auburn, for aubrun, from brennan, burn, denoting the color made by scorching.] Brown; of a dark color.

His auburn locks on either shoulder flowed.

Dryden.

Auction

AUC'TION, noun [Latin auctio; a public sale; to hawk; German hÃƒ-¶ken; properly, to cry out. See Hawk.]

1. A public sale of property to the highest bidder, and regularly, by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose; a vendue. Contracts for services, sometimes, are sold to the lowest bidder. By the Romans, this species of sale was made by a crier, sub hasta, under a spear stuck in the earth.

2. The thing sold at auction.

Pope.

Auctionary

AUCTIONARY, adjective Belonging to an auction or public sale.

Dryden.

Auctioneer

AUCTIONEE'R, noun [Latin auctionarius.]

The person who sells at auction; a person licensed by government to dispose of goods or lands by public sale to the highest bidder.

Auctioneer

AUCTIONEE'R, verb transitive To sell at auction.

Cowper.

Aucupation

AUCUPA'TION, noun [Latin aucupatio, from aucupor, of avis and capio.] The act or practice of taking birds; fowling; bird-catching. [Little used.]

Audacious

AUDA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin audax; French audacieux; from Latin audeo, to dare. The sense is, advancing forward.]

1. Very bold or daring; impudent; contemning the restraints of law, religion or decorum; used for bold in wickedness; applied to persons; as an audacious wretch.

2. Committed with, or proceeding from, daring effrontery, or contempt of law; as an audacious crime.

3. Bold; spirited.

Jonson.

Audaciously

AUDA'CIOUSLY, adverb In an impudent manner; with excess of boldness.

Shak.

Audaciousness

AUDA'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being audacious; impudence; audacity.

Sandys.

Audacity

AUDAC'ITY, noun Boldness, sometimes in a good sense; daring spirit, resolution or confidence.

2. Audaciousness; impudence; in a bad sense; implying a contempt of law or moral restraint.

Audeanism

AUD'EANISM, noun Anthropomorphism; or the doctrine of Audeus, who maintained that God has a human shape; from Genesis 1:26.

Encyc.

Audible

AUD'IBLE, adjective [Latin audibilis, from audio, to hear. This word is evidently connected with the name of the ear; Greek,; Vulg. Greek. The verb is contracted into Spanish oir; Portugese ouvir; French ouÃƒ-¯r; to hear. Hence in law oyer, and from the French oyez, hear ye, the barbarous O yes, of our courts.]

That may be heard; perceivable by the ear; loud enough to be heard; as an audible voice or whisper.

Audibleness

AUD'IBLENESS, noun The quality of being audible.

Audibly

AUD'IBLY, adverb In an audible manner; in a manner so as to be heard.

Audience

AUD'IENCE, noun The act of hearing, or attending to sounds.

His bold discourse had audience.

Milton.

2. Admittance to a hearing; public reception to an interview; a ceremony observed in courts, or by official characters, when embassadors or applicants to men in office are permitted to appear and state their business in person.

3. An auditory; an assembly of hearers.

4. In the Spanish dominions, a court; as the audience of Seville, which is a court of oyer and terminer; and the audience pretorial, in the Indies, which is a high court of judicature. The word in Spain also signifies certain law-officers, appointed to institute a judicial inquiry.

Span. Dict.

5. In England, a court held by the archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c.

Encyc.

Audient

AUD'IENT, noun A hearer. [Not in use.]

Shelton.

Audit

AUD'IT, noun [Latin audit, he hears.] An examination of an account or of accounts, with a hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the balance.

2. The result of such an examination, or account as adjusted by auditors; a final account.

Hooker.

Audit

AUD'IT, verb transitive To examine and adjust an account or accounts, by proper officers, or by persons legally authorized for the purpose; as, to audit the accounts of a treasurer, or of parties who have a suit depending in court.

Audit-House

AUD'IT-HOUSE, noun An appendage to a cathedral, in which the business belonging to it is transacted.

Wheler.

Auditive

AUD'ITIVE, adjective Having the power of hearing.

Cotgrave.

Auditor

AUD'ITOR, [Latin] A hearer; one who attends to hear a discourse.

2. A person appointed and authorized to examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject charges, and state the balance. It is usual with courts to refer accounts, on which an action is brought, to auditors for adjustment, and their report, if received, is the basis of the judgment.

In England, there are officers who are auditors of courts; as the auditors of the Exchequer, of the receipts, &c.

Auditorship

AUD'ITORSHIP, noun The office of auditor.

Johnson.

Auditory

AUD'ITORY, adjective That has the power of hearing; pertaining to the sense or organs of hearing; as, the auditory nerve.

Auditory

AUD'ITORY, noun [Latin auditorium.] An audience; an assembly of hearers, as in a church or lecture room.

2. A place or apartment where discourses are delivered. In ancient churches, the nave, where the hearers stood to be instructed.

3. A bench on which a judge sits to hear causes.

Encyc.

Auditress

AUD'ITRESS, noun A female hearer.

Milton.

Auf

AUF, noun A fool; a simpleton. [See Oaf.]

Augean

AUGE'AN, adjective The Augean stable, in Grecian mythology, is represented as belonging to Augeas or Augias, one of the Argonauts, and afterwards king of Elis. This prince kept a great number of oxen, in a stable which was never cleansed, until Hercules undertook the task; a task which it seemed impracticable to execute. Hence the Augean stable came to represent what is deemed impracticable, or a place which has not, for a long time, been cleansed.

Lempriere.

Auger

AUG'ER, noun [Dutch avegaar. The Saxon word is nafe-gar or naue-gar, from nafa, the nave of a wheel, and gar, a tool or a borer. It is probable that the real word is naugar, corrupted.]

An instrument for boring large holes, chiefly used by carpenters, joiners, cabinet makers, wheelwrights and shipwrights. It consists of an iron blade, ending in a steel bit, with a handle placed at right angles with the blade. Augers, made with a straight channel or groove, in some places, are called pod-augers; the modern augers, with spiral channels, are called screwaugers.

Auger-Hole

AUG'ER-HOLE, noun A hole made by an auger.

Aught

AUGHT, n. aut. [Saxon awiht, aht, or owiht, ohwit, oht, from wiht, wight, a creature, animal, thing, any thing. This wiht seems to be our wight and whit; and I suspect the Latin qui, quae, quod, quid, what, to be the same word varied in orthography. This word should not be written ought.]

1. Any thing, indefinitely.

But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting.

Addison.

2. Any part, the smallest; a jot or title.

There failed not aught of any good thing which the Lord had spoken. Joshua 21.

Augite

AU'GITE, noun [Greek, brightness. Plin. 37, 10.]

A mineral called by HaÃƒ-¼y, pyroxene; often found in distinct crystals. Its secondary forms are all six or eight-sided prisms. Sometimes it appears in hemitrope crystals. It has a foliated structure, and is harder than hornblend. The varieties are common augite, sahlite, fassaite, and coccolite. The omphacite of Werner appears also to be a variety; and the common augite, found near the lake Baikal, has been called Baikalite.

Cleaveland.

Werner divides augite into four sub-species; granular, foliated, conchoidal, and common; and there is a variety called slaggy augite.

Augitic

AUGIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to augite; resembling augite, or partaking of its nature and characters.

Cooper.

Augment

AUGMENT', verb transitive [French augmenter; Latin augmento, augmentum, from augeo, auxi, to increase; Greek,. It seems to be the to wax, or to eke; Saxon eacan.]

1. To increase; to enlarge in size or extent; to swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army, by reinforcement; rain augments a stream.

2. To increase or swell the degree, amount or magnitude; as, impatience augments an evil.

Augment

AUGMENT', verb intransitive To increase; to grow larger; as, a stream augments by rain.

Augment

AUG'MENT, noun Increase; enlargement by addition; state of increase.

2. In philology, a syllable prefixed to a word; or an increase of the quantity of the initial vowel.

Augmentable

AUGMENT'ABLE, adjective That may be increased; capable of augmentation.

Walsh's Amer. Review.

Augmentation

AUGMENTA'TION, noun The act of increasing, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilatation.

2. The state of being increased or enlarged.

3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged.

4. In music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of a fugue or canon.

Busby.

Augmentation Court, in England, a court erected by 27 Hen. VIII., to augment the revenues of the crown, by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved.

Encyc.

In heraldry, augmentation consists in additional charges to a coat-armor; often as marks of honor, borne on the escutcheon or a canton.

Encyc.

Augmentative

AUGMENT'ATIVE, adjective Having the quality or power of augmenting.

Augmenter

AUGMENT'ER, noun He that augments.

Augmenting

AUGMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Increasing; enlarging.

Augur

AU'GUR, noun [Latin augur. The first syllable is from avis, a fowl; but the meaning and origin of the last syllable are not obvious.]

1. Among the Romans, an officer whose duty was to foretell future events by the singing, chattering, flight and feeding of birds. There was a college or community of augurs, originally three in number, and afterwards nine, four patricians, and five plebeians. They bore a staff or wand, and were held in great respect.

Encyc.

2. One who pretends to foretell future events by omens.

We all know that augur cannot look at augur without laughing.

Buckminster.

Augur

AU'GUR, verb intransitive To guess; to conjecture by signs or omens; to prognosticate.

Augur

AU'GUR, verb transitive To predict or foretell; as, to augur ill success.

Augural

AU'GURAL, adjective [Latin auguralis.] Pertaining to an augur, or to prediction by the appearance of birds. The Romans had their augural staff and augural books.

Augurate

AU'GURATE, verb intransitive To judge by augury; to predict. [Little used.]

Warburton.

Auguration

AUGURA'TION, noun The practice of augury, or the foretelling of events by the chattering and flight of birds. It may be used for prediction by other signs and omens.

Augured

AU'GURED, participle passive Conjectured by omens; prognosticated.

Augurer

AU'GURER, noun An augur. [Not legitimate.]

Shak.

Augurial

AUGU'RIAL, adjective Relating to augurs.

Brown.

Augurize

AU'GURIZE, verb transitive To augur. [Not in use.]

Augurous

AU'GUROUS, adjective Predicting; foretelling; foreboding.

Augury

AU'GURY, noun [Latin augurium.] The art or practice of foretelling events by the flight or chattering of birds.

2. An omen; prediction; prognostication.

Shak. Dryden.

August

AUGUST', adjective [Latin augustus. The first syllable of this word is probably from the root of augeo, or of awe.]

Grand; magnificent; majestic; impressing awe; inspiring reverence.

The Trojan chief appeared, august in visage.

Dryden.

It is related that this epithet was first conferred by the Roman senate upon Octavius, after confirming him in the sovereign power.

August

AU'GUST, noun The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. The old Roman name was Sextilis, the sixth month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to August in honor of the Emperor Octavius Augustus, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.

Gebelin.

Augustan

AUGUST'AN, adjective Pertaining to Augustus; as the Augustan age.

2. The Augustan confession, drawn up at Augusta or Augsburg, by Luther and Melancthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Romish church.

Encyc.

Augustinians

AUGUSTIN'IANS, noun Those divines, who from St. Augustin, maintain that grace is effectual from its nature, absolutely and morally, not relatively and gradually.

Encyc.

Augustins

AUGUST'INS, or AUGUSTIN'IANS, noun An order of monks, so called from St. Augustin. They originally were hermits, and called Austin friars. They were congregated into one body by Pope Alexander IV., under Lanfranc, in 1256. They clothe in black, and make one of the four orders of mendicants.

Encyc.

Augustness

AUGUST'NESS, noun Dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.

Auk

AUK, noun [contracted from Alca.] The alca, a genus of aquatic fowls, of the order of ansers, including the northern penguin or great auk, the little auk or black and white diver, the puffin, &c.

Aularian

AULA'RIAN, noun [Latin aula, a hall.] At Oxford, the member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian.

Todd.

Auletic

AULET'IC, adjective [Greek, from, a pipe.]

Pertaining to pipes or to a pipe. [Little used.]

Aulic

AU'LIC, adjective [Latin aulicus, from aula, a hall, court or palace; Greek.]

Pertaining to a royal court. The epithet is probably confined to the German Empire, where it is used to designate certain courts or officers composing the courts. The aulic council is composed of a president, who is a catholic, a vice-chancellor and eighteen counsellors, nine of whom are protestants, and nine catholics. They always follow the Emperor's court, and decide without an appeal. This council ceases at the death of the Emperor.

The Aulic, in some European universities, is an act of a young divine, on being admitted a doctor of divinity. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, after which he receives the cap and presides at the Aulic or disputation.

Encyc.

Aumail

AUMA'IL, verb transitive [French email.] To figure or variegate. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Aumbry

AUMBRY. [See Ambry.]

Aume

AUME, noun A Dutch measure for Rhenish wine, containing 40 gallons.

Encyc.

Aune

AUNE, noun [A contraction of aulne, ulna.]

A French cloth measure, but of different lengths in different parts of the country. At Rouen, it is an ell; at Calais, 1.52; at Lyons, 1.061; at Paris, 0.95.

Encyc.

Aunt

`AUNT, noun [Latin amita, contracted. Qu. French tante.]

The sister of one's father or mother, correlative to nephew or niece.

Aura

AU'RA, noun [Latin from Hebrew, a stream; Greek avpa. See Air.]

Literally, a breeze, or gentle current of air, but used by English writers for a stream of fine particles flowing from a body, as effluvia, aroma, or odor; an exhalation.

Aurate

AU'RATE, noun [Supposed to be from aurum, gold.]

A sort of pear.

Aurate

AU'RATE, noun [Latin aurum, gold; French or; from the Hebrew and Chaldee, light, fire, and to shine, from its color; Irish or; Welsh aur; Cornish our; Basque urrea; Armoric aur, gold.]

A combination of the oxyd of gold with a base; as aurate of potash.

Lavoisier. Fourcroy.

Aurated

AU'RATED, adjective Resembling gold.

Aurelia

AURE'LIA, noun [from aurum, or aur, gold, from its color. See Chrysalis.]

In natural history, the nymph or chrysalis of an insect; or the form of an animal, like a worm or maggot, covered with a hardish pellicle, and in a state of seeming insensibility. From this state, it changes to a moth, butterfly or other winged insect.

Encyc.

Aurelian

AURE'LIAN, adjective Like or pertaining to the aurelia.

Humphreys.

Auric

AU'RIC, adjective [from aurum, gold.] Pertaining to gold. The auric acid is a saturated combination of gold and oxygen.

Fourcroy.

Auricle

AU'RICLE, noun [Latin auricula, dim. from auris, the ear.]

1. The external ear, or that part which is prominent from the head.

2. The auricles of the heart are two muscular bags, situated at the base, serving as diverticula for the blood, during the dias-role. They resemble the auricle of the ear, and cover the ventricles of the heart, like caps. Their systole or contraction corresponds to the diastole of the heart, and vice versa. They receive the blood from the veins, and communicate it to the ventricles.

Encyc. Chambers.

Auricula

AURIC'ULA, noun That species of primrose, called, from the shape of its leaves, bear's ear.

Auricular

AURIC'ULAR, adjective [from Latin auricula, the ear.]

1. Pertaining to the ear; within the sense of hearing; told in the ear; as auricular confession.

2. Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; as auricular evidence.

3. Traditional; known by report; as auricular traditions.

Bacon.

Auricularly

AURIC'ULARLY, adverb In a secret manner; by way of whisper, or voice addressed to the ear.

Auriculate

AURIC'ULATE, adjective Shaped like the ear.

Botany.

Auriculated

AURIC'ULATED, adjective Having large or elongated ears; as the auriculated vulture.

Ed. Encyc.

Auriferous,

AURIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin aurifer, from aurum, gold, and fero, to produce.]

That yields or produces gold; as auriferous sands or streams.

Thomson.

Auriga

AURI'GA, noun [Latin of aurea, orea, a head-stall, a bridle, and rego, to govern or manage.]

Literally, the director of a car, or wagon.

In astronomy, the wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, consisting of 23 stars, according to Tycho; 40, according to Hevelius; and 68, in the British catalogue.

Encyc.

2. The fourth lobe of the liver; also a bandage for the sides.

Quincy.

Aurigation

AURIGA'TION, noun [Latin auriga.] The act or practice of driving horses harnessed to carriages.

Auripigmentum

AURIPIGMENTUM. [See Orpiment.]

Auriscalp

AU'RISCALP, noun [Latin auris, ear, and scalpo, to scrape.]

An instrument to clean the ears; used also in operations of surgery on the ear.

Aurist

AU'RIST, noun [Latin auris, ear.] One skilled in disorders of the ear, or who professes to cure them.

Ash.

Aurochs

AU'ROCHS, noun [German urochs, the ure-ox, urus and ox.]

A species of ox, whose bones are found in gravel and alluvial soil.

J. of Science.

Aurora

AURO'RA, noun [Latin aurora; Sanscrit arun; Chaldee and Hebrews 51ght, and to raise.]

1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day, or morning twilight.

2. The goddess of the morning, or twilight deified by fancy. The poets represented her as rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.

3. A species of crowfoot.

Johnson.

Aurora Borealis, or lumen boreale; northern twilight. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending towards the zenith from a dusky line a few degrees above the horizon. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance, as in America, in March 1782, when it overspread the whole hemisphere. Sometimes it appears in detached places; at other times, it almost covers the hemisphere. As the streams of light have a tremulous motion, they are called, in the Shetland isles, merry dancers. They assume all shapes, and a variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color; and in the northern latitudes, serve to illuminate the earth and cheer the gloom of long winter nights. This light is sometimes near the earth. It is said to have been seen between the spectator and a distant mountain.

Auroral

AURO'RAL, adjective Belonging to the aurora, or to the northern lights; resembling the twilight.

E. Goodrich.

Aurum

AU'RUM, noun [Latin See Aurate.] Gold.

Aurum fulminans, fulminating gold, is gold dissolved in aqua-regia or nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by volatile alkali. This precipitate is of a brown yellow, or orange color, and when exposed to a moderate heat, detonizes with considerable noise. It is a compound of the oxyd of gold and ammonia.

Fourcroy.

Aurum mosaicum, or musivum, a sparkling gold-colored substance, from an amalgam of quick-silver and tin, mixed with sulphur and sal ammoniac, set to sublime. The mercury and part of the sulphur unite into a einnabar, which sublimes with the salammoniac, and leaves the aurum mosaicum at the bottom. It is a sulphuret of tin, and is used as a pigment.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Auscultation

AUSCULTA'TION, noun [Latin from antiq. ause, Greek, the ear, and cultus, from colo, to use or exercise.]

1. The act of listening, or hearkening to.

2. In medicine, a method of distinguishing diseases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds in the part, generally by means of a tube applied to the surface.

Laennec.

Auspicate

AU'SPICATE, verb transitive [Latin auspicor.] To give a favorable turn to; a sense taken from the Roman practice of taking the auspicium, or inspection of birds, before they undertook any important business.

Burke's Reflections.

2. To foreshow.

B. Jonson.

3. To begin.

Burke.

Auspice

AU'SPICE, AU'SPICES, noun [Latin auspicium, of avis, a bird, and specio, to inspect.]

1. The omens of an undertaking, drawn from birds; the same as augury, which see.

2. Protection; favor shown; patronage; influence. In this sense the word is generally plural, auspices.

Auspicious

AUSPI'CIOUS, adjective [See Auspice.] Having omens of success, or favorable appearances; as an auspicious beginning.

2. Prosperous; fortunate; applied to persons; as auspicious chief.

Dryden.

3. Favorable; kind; propitious; applied to persons or things; as an auspicious mistress.

Shak.

Auspiciously

AUSPI'CIOUSLY, adverb With favorable omens; happily; prosperously; favorably; propitiously.

Auspiciousness

AUSPI'CIOUSNESS, noun A state of fair promise; prosperity.

Auster

AUS'TER, noun [Latin] The south wind.

Pope.

Austere

AUSTE'RE, adjective [Latin austerus.] Severe; harsh; rigid; stern; applied to persons; as an austere master; an austere look.

2. Sour; harsh; rough to the taste; applied to things; as austere fruit, or wine.

Austerely

AUSTE'RELY, adverb Severely; rigidly; harshly.

Austereness

AUSTE'RENESS, noun Severity in manners; harshness; austerity.

2. Roughness in taste.

Austerity

AUSTER'ITY, noun [Latin austeritas.] Severity of manners or life; rigor; strictness; harsh discipline. It is particularly applied to the mortifications of a monastic life, which are called austerities.

Austral

AUS'TRAL, adjective [Latin australis, from auster, the south wind, or south.]

Southern; lying or being in the south; as austral land; austral signs.

Australasia

AUSTRALA'SIA, noun [austral and Asia.] A name given to the countries situated to the south of Asia; comprehending New-Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, &c.

Pinkerton.

Austrian

AUS'TRIAN, adjective [from Austria. This word is formed with the Latin termination, ia, country, from OEstreich, the German name, which is eastern rick, eastern kingdom, so called in reference to the western dominions of Charlemagne.]

Pertaining to Austria, a circle or district of Germany, and an empire, lying on the Danube north of the gulf of Venice.

Austrian

AUS'TRIAN, noun A native of Austria.

Austrine

AUS'TRINE, adjective [Latin austrinus, from auster, south.]

South; southerly; southern.

Johnson.

Austromancy

AUS'TROMANCY, noun [from auster, the south wind, and Greek, divination.]

Soothsaying, or prediction of future events, from observations of the winds.

Encyc.

Auterfoits, a word composed of the French autre, another, and foits, fois, time, introduced into law language; under the Norman princess of England. It signifies, at another time, formerly; as auterfoits acquit, auterfoits attaint, auterfoits convict, formerly acquitted, attainted or convicted, which being specially pleaded, is a bar to a second prosecution for the same offense.

Blackstone.

Authentic

AUTHEN'TIC, or AUTHEN'TICAL, adjective [French authentique; Italian and Spanish autentico; Low Latin authenticus, from the Greek, from, an author or maker; one who does any thing by his own right; also one who kills himself. The first syllable is from, which is probably from the root of author, auctor; and the sense of self-murderer seems to indicate that the other constituent of the word is from, to kill, but the primary sense of which is, to strike, to drive or thrust with the hand, &c. In the word before us, the sense is to throw, or to set; hence authentic is set, fixed, made or made certain by the author, by one's own self.]

1. Having a genuine original or authority, in opposition to that which is false, fictitious, or counterfeit; being what it purports to be; genuine; true; applied to things; as an authentic paper or register.

2. Of approved authority; as an authentic writer.

Authentically

AUTHEN'TICALLY, adverb In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.

Brown.

Authenticalness

AUTHEN'TICALNESS, noun The quality of being authentic; genuiness; the quality of being of good authority; authenticity. [The latter word is generally used.]

Barrow.

Authenticate

AUTHEN'TICATE, verb transitive To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities, required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.

The king serves only as a notary to authenticate the choice of judges.

Burke.

Authenticated

AUTHEN'TICATED, participle passive Rendered authentic; having received the forms which prove genuiness.

Authenticating

AUTHEN'TICATING, participle of the present tense Giving authority by the necessary signature, seal, attestation or other forms.

Authentication

AUTHENTICA'TION, noun The act of authenticating; the giving of authority by the necessary formalities.

Authenticity

AUTHENTIC'ITY, noun Genuineness; the quality of being of genuine original; as the authenticity of the scriptures.

Authenticness

AUTHEN'TICNESS, noun Authenticity. [Rarely used.]

Author

AU'THOR, noun [Latin auctor; Irish ughdar; Welsh awdur; French auteur; Spanish autor; Italian autore. The Latin word is from the root of augeo, to increase, or cause to enlarge. The primary sense is one who brings or causes to come forth.]

1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being; as, God is the author of the Universe.

2. The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing; hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately applied to one who composes or writes a book, or original work, and in a more general sense, to one whose occupation is to compose and write books; opposed to compiler or translator.

Author

AU'THOR, verb transitive To occasion; to effect. [Not used.]

Authoress

AU'THORESS, noun A female author.

Authoritative

AUTHOR'ITATIVE, adjective Having due authority.

Pearson.

2. Having an air of authority; positive; peremptory.

Wotton.

Authoritatively

AUTHOR'ITATIVELY, adverb In an authoritative manner; with a show of authority; with due authority.

Authoritativeness

AUTHOR'ITATIVENESS, noun The quality of being authoritative; an acting by authority; authoritative appearance.

Authority

AUTHOR'ITY, noun [Latin auctoritas.]

1. Legal power, or a right to command or to act; as the authority of a prince over subjects, and of parents over children. Power; rule; sway.

2. The power derived from opinion, respect or esteem; influence of character or office; credit; as the authority of age or example, which is submitted to or respected, in some measure, as a law, or rule of action. That which is claimed in justification or support of opinions and measures.

3. Testimony; witness; or the person who testifies; as, the Gospels or the evangelists are our authorities for the miracles of Christ.

4. Weight of testimony; credibility; as a historian of no authority.

5. Weight of character; respectability; dignity; as a magistrate of great authority in the city.

6. Warrant; order; permission.

By what authority dost thou these things. Matthew 21. Acts 9.

7. Precedents, decisions of a court, official declarations, respectable opinions and sayings, also the books that contain them, are called authorities, as they influence the opinions of others; and in law, the decisions of supreme courts have a binding force upon inferior courts, and are called authorities.

8. Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command; as the local authorities of the states.

Marshall. 1 Peter 3.

In Connecticut, the justices of the peace are denominated the civil authority.

Authorization

AUTHORIZA'TION, noun The act of giving authority, or legal power; establishment by authority.

Authorize

AU'THORIZE, verb transitive [French autoriser; Spanish autorizar.]

1. To give authority, warrant or legal power to; to give a right to act; to empower; as, to authorize commissioners to settle the boundary of the state.

2. To make legal; as, to authorize a marriage.

3. To establish by authority, as by usage, or public opinion; as an authoirzed idiom of language.

4. To give authority, credit or reputation to as to authorize a report, or opinion.

5. To justify; to support as right. Suppress desires which reason does not authoirze.

Authorized

AU'THORIZED, participle passive Warranted by right; supported by authority; derived from legal or proper authority; having power or authority.

Authorizing

AU'THORIZING, participle of the present tense Giving authority to, or legal power, credit, or permission.

Authorship

AU'THORSHIP, noun [author and ship.] The quality or state of being an author.

Shaftesbury.

Autobiography

AUTOBIOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, and biography.]

Biography or memoirs of one's life written by himself.

Walsh.

Autocrasy

AUTOC'RASY, noun [Greek, self, and, power, or, to govern, to take or hold.]

Independent power; supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority or right of governing, in a single person.

Autocrat

AU'TOCRAT or AU'TOCRATER, or AU'TOCRATOR, noun An absolute prince or sovereign; a ruler or monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government by inherent right, not subject to restriction; a title assumed by the Emperors of Russia.

Tooke.

2. This title was sometimes conferred by the Athenians on their embassadors and generals, when invested with unlimited powers.

Encyc.

Autocratic

AUTOCRAT'IC, or AUTOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to autocracy; absolute; holding independent and unlimited powers of government.

Eton.

Autocratrix

AU'TOCRATRIX, noun A female sovereign, who is independent and absolute; a title given to the Empresses of Russia.

Tooke.

Auto da fe. [Portugese act of faith.]

1. In the Romish church, a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the punishment of heretics, and the absolution of the innocent accused. Span. Auto de fe.

Encyc.

2. A sentence given by the Inquisition, and read to a criminal, or heretic, on the scaffold, just before he is executed.

Spanish Dict.

3. The session of the court of inquisition.

Autograph

AU'TOGRAPH, or AUTOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, self, and, writing.]

A person's own hand writing; an original manuscript.

Autographic

AUTOGRAPH'IC, or AUTOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own hand writing.

Automalite

AUTOM'ALITE, noun A mineral called by HaÃƒ-¼y, spinelle zincifÃƒ-¨re. It is classed with the spinel ruby. It occurs imbedded in talcky slate; the color, a dark green. It is crystalized in regular octahedrons, or in tetrahedrons with truncated angles. It is harder than quartz, but not so hard as spinel. It is sometimes called gahnite, from Gahn, its discoverer.

Cyc. Thomson. Cleaveland.

Automath

AU'TOMATH, noun [Greek, and, to learn.] One who is self taught.

Young.

Automatic

AUTOMAT'IC, or AUTOMAT'ICAL, adjective Belonging to an automaton; having the power of moving itself; mechanical.

Johnson. Stewart.

2. Not voluntary; not depending on the will. Dr. Hartley has demonstrated that all our motions are originally automatic, and generally produced by the action of tangible things on the muscular fiber.

Automaton

AUTOM'ATON, noun [Greek; self, and, moveo, motus. The Greek plural, automata, is sometimes used; but the regular English plural, automatons, is preferable.]

A self-moving machine, or one which moves by invisible springs.

Automatous

AUTOM'ATOUS, adjective Having in itself the power of motion.

Brown.

Autonomous

AUTON'OMOUS, adjective [Infra.] Independent in government; having the right of self government.

Mitford.

Autonomy

AUTON'OMY, noun [Greek, self, and, law, rule.]

This word is rarely used. It signifies the power or right of self government, whether in a city which elects its own magistrates and makes its own laws, or in an individual who lives according to his own will.

Johnson. Encyc.

Autopsy

AU'TOPSY, noun [Greek, self, and, sight.] Personal observation; ocular view.

Ray.

Autoptical

AUTOP'TICAL, adjective Seen with one's own eyes.

Johnson.

Autoptically

AUTOP'TICALLY, adverb By means of ocular view, or one's own observation.

Brown.

[Autopsy and its derivatives are rarely used.]

Autumn

AU'TUMN, n. aÃƒ-ºtum. [Latin autumnus, ``Etymon multum torquetur.' Ainsworth.]

The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter. Astronomically, it begins at the equinox, when the sun enters libra, and ends at the winter solstice; but in popular language, autumn comprises September, October and November.

The golden pomp of autumn.

Irving.

Autumnal

AUTUM'NAL, adjective Belonging to autumn; produced or gathered in autumn; as autumnal fruits.

Autumnal

AUTUM'NAL, noun A plant that flowers in Autumn. The autumnals form the third division of plants in Du Pas' arrangement.

Milne.

Auxesis

AUXE'SIS, noun [Greek, increase.]

In rhetoric, a figure by which any thing is magnified too much; an increasing, or exornation, when, for amplification, a more grave and magnificent word is put for the proper word.

Smith. Encyc.

Auxiliar

AUXIL'IAR, or AUXIL'IARY, adjective [Latin auxiliaris, from auxilium, aid, auxilior, to aid.]

Helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; conferring aid or support by joint exertion, influence or use; as auxiliary troops.

Auxiliaries

AUXIL'IARIES, n. plu. Foreign troops in the service of nations at war.

Auxiliary

AUXIL'IARY, noun A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action, enterprise or undertaking.

2. In grammar, a verb which helps to form the modes and tenses of other verbs; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, shall and will, in English; Ãƒ-ªtre and avoir, in French; avÃƒ-©re, and essere, in Italian; estar and haber, in Spanish.

Avail

AVA'IL, verb transitive [French valoir, to be worth; Latin valeo, to be strong or able, to profit, to be of force or authority; Spanish valer, to be valuable, to avail or prevail, to be binding, to be worth; Italian valere, to be worth, to be useful; well; Arabic balla. The primary sense is, to stretch or extend, whence strength, value.]

1. To profit one's self; to turn to advantage; followed by the pronouns, myself, thyself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, with of before the thing used; as, let him avail himself of his license.

2. To assist or profit; to effect the object, or bring to a succesful issue; as, what will skill avail us against numbers. Artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment.

Avail

AVA'IL, verb intransitive To be of use, or advantage; to answer the purpose; as, strength without judgment will rarely avail. Generally, it signifies to have strength, force or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease; suppositions, without proof, will not avail.

Avail

AVA'IL, noun Profit; advantage towards success; benefit; as, labor without economy is of little avail. It seems usually to convey the idea of efficacious aid or strength.

Available

AVA'ILABLE, adjective Profitable; advantageous; having efficacy; as, a measure is more or less available.

Atterbury.

2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; valid; as an available plea.

Laws are available by consent.

Hooker.

Availableness

AVA'ILABLENESS, noun Power or efficacy, in promoting an end in view.

2. Competent power; legal force; validity; as the availableness of a title.

Availably

AVA'ILABLY, adverb Powerfully; profitably; advantageously; validly; efficaciously.

Availing

AVA'ILING, participle passive Turning to profit: using to advantage or effect.

Availment

AVA'ILMENT, noun Profit; efficacy; successful issue. [Little used.]

Avails

AVA'ILS, n. plu. Profits or proceeds. It is used in New-England, for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents, issues or profits.

Avalanche

AVALANCHE, or AVALANGE, noun [French from avaler, to fall.]

A snow-slip; a vast body of snow sliding down a mountain.

Avant

AVANT', noun The front of an army. [Not used.] [See Van.]

Avantguard

AVANT'GUARD, noun The van or advanced body of an army. [See Vanguard.]

Avanturine

AVANT'URINE, noun A variety of quartz rock containing spangles.

Ure.

Avarice

AV'ARICE, noun [Latin avaritia, from avarus, from aveo, to covet.]

An inordinate desire of gaining and possessing wealth; covetousness; greediness or insatiable desire of gain.

Shak.

Avarice sheds a blasting influence over the finest affections and sweetest comforts of mankind.

Buckminster.

Avaricious

AVARI'CIOUS, adjective Covetous; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.

Avariciously

AVARI'CIOUSLY, adverb Covetously; with inordinate desire of gaining wealth.

Goldsmith.

Avariciousness

AVARI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being avaricious; insatiable or inordinate passion for property.

Avarous

AV'AROUS, adjective Covetous. [Not used.]

Gower.

Avast

AV'AST, exclam. [German basta, stop; bastant, sufficient; from Italian basta, enough; Persian bas, enough.]

In seamen's language, cease; stop; stay.

Avaunt

AVAUNT', excl. [Welsh ibant, begone.]

Begone; depart; a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase, ``Get thee behind me.'

Avemary

A'VEMARY, noun [from the first words of Gabriel's salutation to the Virgin Mary; Latin ave, hail.]

A form of devotion in the Romish Church. Their chaplets and rosaries are divided into a certain number of ave-marys and paternosters.

Avenaceous

AVENA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin avenaceus, from avena, oats; French avoine.]

Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of oats.

Avenage

AV'ENAGE, noun [French] A certain quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty.

Spelman.

Avener

AV'ENER, or AV'ENOR, noun [Norm. French.]

In English feudal law, an officer of the king's stable whose duty was to provide oats.

Avenge

AVENGE, v. t. avenj'. [French venger; Spanish vengar; Portugese vingar; Latin vindex. In Saxon winnan, to contend, to gain, to win.]

1. To take satisfaction for an injury by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on the wrong doer.

Shall not God avenge his own elect. Luke 18.

Avenge me of my adversary. Id. v. 3.

In these examples, avenge implies that the evil inflicted on the injuring party is a satisfaction or justice done to the injured, and the party vindicated is the object of the verb.

2. To take satisfaction for, by pain or punishment inflicted on the injuring party.

He will avenge the blood of his servants. Deuteronomy 32.

Here the thing for which satisfaction is taken is the object of the verb.

3. To revenge. To avenge and revenge, radically, are synonymous. But modern usage inclines to make a valuable distinction in the use of these words, restricting avenge to the taking of just punishment, and revenge to the infliction of pain or evil, maliciously, in an illegal manner.

4. In the passive form, this verb signifies to have or receive just satisfaction, by the punishment of the offender.

Shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this? Jer. 5.

Avengeance

AVENG'EANCE, noun Punishment. [Not used.] [See Vengeance.]

Avenged

AVENGED, participle passive Satisfied by the punishment of the offender; vindicated; punished.

Avengement

AVENGEMENT, noun Vengeance; punishment; the act of taking satisfaction for an injury by inflicting pain or evil on the offender; satisfaction taken; revenge.

Avengement

AVENG'EMENT, noun One who avenges or vindicates; a vindicator; a revenger.

Avengeress

AVENG'ERESS, noun A female avenger.

Spenser.

Avenging

AVENG'ING, participle of the present tense Executing vengeance; taking satisfaction for an injury by the punishment of the offender; vindicating.

Avens

AV'ENS, noun The herb bennet.

Miller.

Aventine

AV'ENTINE, adjective Pertaining to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which Rome stood.

Bryant.

Aventure

AVEN'TURE, noun [French aventure, from Latin venio, to come.]

A mischance causing a person's death without felony; as by drowning, or falling from a house. [See Adventure.]

Cowel.

Avenue

AV'ENUE, noun [French from venir, to come or go; Latin venio.]

1. A passage; a way or opening for entrance into a place; any opening or passage by which a thing is or may be introduced.

2. An alley, or walk in a garden, planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood, &c., and generally terminated by some distant object. The trees may be in rows on the sides, or, according to the more modern practice, in clumps at some distance from each other.

Encyc.

3. A wide street, as in Washington, Columbia.

Aver

AVER' verb transitive [French averer; Italian avverare, to aver or verify; Armoric quirya, from the root of verus, true; Irish feor, or fir; Welsh gwir; Cornish uir; German wahr; Dutch waar. See Verify.]

To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive or peremptory manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth.

Prior.

Average

AV'ERAGE, noun [Norm. aver, avers, cattle, money, goods, Spanish averio, from aver or haber, French avoir, to have or possess. In ancient law, a duty or service which a tenant was bound to render to his lord, by his beasts and carriages or instruments of husbandry. Spelman. But averagium signifies also the loss of goods in transportation; Spanish averia, damage sustained by goods or ships; Portugese avaria, an allowance out of freight to the master of a ship, for damage sustained; contribution by insurers, to make good a loss; Italian avaria; Danish haverie, damage of a ship or waste of goods, extraordinary charges during a voyage. If avaria signifies damage, and is from aver or haber, Spanish, to have, the sense of the word is probably that which happens or falls, a misfortune, for the verb have and happen are radically the same word; Spanish, haber, to have, and to happen or befall; also fortune, property. This would give the sense of damage, or of proportion, lot, share, that which falls to each of a number. But the primary sense is not very obvious.]

1. In commerce, a contribution to a general loss. When for the safety of a ship in distress, any destruction of property is incurred, either by cutting away the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, contribute to the loss according to their average, that is, the goods of each on board. This principle, introduced into the commerce of Europe, from the Rhodian laws, and recognized by the regulations of Wisby, is now an established rule in the maritime laws of Europe; for it is most reasonable, that when one man's property is sacrificed to save a ship, all persons whose property is saved, or in like hazard, should bear their proportion of the loss.

Spelman. Park. Beawes.

2. From the practice of contributing to bear losses, in proportion to each man's property, this word has obtained the present popular sense, which is, that of a mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9 and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average, 10.

3. A small duty payable by the shippers of goods, to the master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his care of the goods.

Hence the expression in bills of lading, ``paying so much freight, with primage and average accustomed.'

Cowel. Encyc.

4. In England, the breaking up of cornfields, eddish or roughings.

Ash. Spelman.

Upon, or on an average, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.

Average

AV'ERAGE, adjective Medial; containing a mean proportion.

Price. Beddoes. Kirwan.

Edwards' Welsh Indies.

Average

AV'ERAGE, verb transitive To find the mean of unequal sums or quantities; to reduce to a medium; to divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to average a loss.

Average

AV'ERAGE, verb intransitive To form a mean or medial sum or quantity; as, the losses of the owners will average 25 dollars each.

These spars average 10 feet in length.

Belknap.

Chaldee Obs. x. 522. xi. 302.

Averaged

AV'ERAGED, participle passive Reduced or formed into a mean proportion, or into shares proportioned to each man's property.

Jefferson.

Averaging

AV'ERAGING, participle of the present tense Forming a mean proportion out of unequal sums or quantities, or reducing to just shares according to each man's property.

Averment

AVER'MENT, noun [See Aver.] Affirmation; positive assertion; the act of averring.

2. Verification; establishment by evidence.

Bacon.

3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify or prove what he alledges. In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and concludes with these words, ``and this he is ready to verify.' This is called an averment.

Blackstone.

Avernat

AVER'NAT, noun A sort of grape.

Ash. Johnson.

Avernian

AVER'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania in Italy, famous for its poisonous qualities, which the poets represent as so malignant, as to kill fowls flying over. Hence, as authors tell us, its name, without birds.

Virgil. Mela. Strabo.

Averpenny

AV'ERPENNY, noun Money paid towards the king's carriages by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind.

Burn.

Averred

AVER'RED, participle passive Affirmed; laid with an averment.

Averring

AVER'RING, participle of the present tense Affirming; declaring positively; offering to justify or verify.

Averroist

AVERROIST, noun One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who were so denominated from Averroes, a celebrated Arabian author. They held the soul to be mortal, though they pretended to submit to the christian theology.

Encyc.

Averruncate

AVERRUNC'ATE, verb transitive [Latin averrunco, of ab and erunco, from runco, to weed, or rake away.]

To root up; to scrape or tear away by the roots.

Hudibras.

Averruncation

AVERRUNCA'TION, noun The act of tearing up or raking away by the roots.

Aversation

AVERSA'TION, noun [Latin aversor. See Avert.]

A turning from with disgust or dislike; aversion; hatred; disinclination.

South.

It is nearly superseded by aversion.

Averse

AVERSE, adjective avers' [See Avert.] The literal sense of this word is, turned from, in manifestation of dislike. Hence the real sense is,

1. Disliking; unwilling; having a repugnance of mind.

Averse alike to flatter or offend.

Pope.

2. Unfavorable; indisposed; malign.

And Pallas now averse refused her aid.

Dryden.

This word and its derivatives ought to be followed by to, and never by from. This word includes the idea of from; but the literal meaning being lost, the affection of the mind signified by the word, is exerted towards the object of dislike, and like its kindred terms, hatred, dislike, contrary, repugnant, &c., should be followed by to. Indeed it is absurd to speak of an affection of the mind exerted from an object. Averse expresses a less degree of opposition in the mind, than detesting and abhorring.

Milton once uses averse in its literal sense, with from, but it is not according to the English idiom.

Aversely

AVERSELY, adverb avers'ly. With repugnance; unwillingly.

Brown.

Averseness

AVERSENESS, noun avers'ness. Opposition of mind; dislike; unwillingness; backwardness.

Herbert.

Aversion

AVER'SION, noun [French aversion, from Latin averto.]

1. Opposition or repugnance of mind; dislike; disinclination; reluctance; hatred. Usually this word expresses moderate hatred, or opposition of mind, not amounting to abhorrence or detestation. It ought generally to be followed by to before the object. [See Averse.] Sometimes it admits of for.

A freeholder is bred with an aversion to subjection.

Addison.

2. Opposition or contrariety of nature; applied to inanimate substances.

Magnesia, notwithstanding this aversion to solution, forms a kind of paste with water.

Fourcroy, Trans.

3. The cause of dislike.

Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire.

Pope.

Avert

AVERT', v.t. [Latin averto, a, from, and verto, to turn, anciently, vorto; hence vertex, vortex, averto; probably allied to Latin vario; veer; Spanish birar; Ethiopic bari. Class Br.]

1. To turn from; to turn off or away; as, to avert the eyes from an object.

Shak.

2. To keep off, divert or prevent; as, to avert an approaching calamity.

Hooker.

3. To cause to dislike. Hooker. But this sense seems to be improper, except when heart or some equivalent word is used; as, to avert the heart or affections, which may signify to alienate the affections.

Thomson.

Avert

AVERT', v.i. To turn away.

Thomson.

Averter

AVERT'ER, noun One that turns away; that which turns away.

Averting

AVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning from; turning away.

Aviary

A'VIARY, noun [Latin aviarium, from avis, a fowl.]

A bird cage; an inclosure for keeping birds confined.

Wotton.

Avidiously

AVID'IOUSLY, adverb [See Avidity.] Eagerly; with greediness.

Bale.

Avidity

AVID'ITY, noun [Latin aviditas, from avidus, and this from aveo, to desire, to have appetite; Hebrew and Chaldee, to desire, or covet.]

1. Greediness; strong appetite; applied to the senses:

2. Eagerness; intenseness of desire; applied to the mind.

Avigato

AVIGA'TO, or AVOCA'DO, noun The Persea, or alligator-pear, a species ranked under the genus Laurus, a native of the Welsh Indies. The tree has a straight trunk, long oval pointed leaves, and flowers of six petals disposed like a star, produced in clusters, on the extremities of the branches. The fruit is insipid.

Encyc. Miller.

Avignon-berry, the fruit of a species of lycium, so called from the city, Avignon, in France. The berry is less than a pea, of a yellowish green color, and bitter astringent taste; used by dyers and painters for staining yellow.

Encyc.

Avile

AVI'LE, verb transitive [French avilir. See Vile.] To depreciate. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Avise

AVI'SE, or AVI'SO, noun [French avis.] Advice; intelligence. [Not in use.]

Avise

AVI'SE, v. i. sasz. To consider. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Avisement

AVI'SEMENT, noun Advisement. [See Advice and Advise.]

Avocate

AV'OCATE, verb transitive [Latin avoco, from a and voco, to call. See Voice and Vocal.]

To call off, or away. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Avocation

AVOCA'TION, noun [See Vocation, Voice, Vocal.]

1. The act of calling aside, or diverting from some employment; as an avocation from sin or from business.

2. The business which calls aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. The use of this word for vocation is very improper.

Avocative

AVO'CATIVE, adjective Calling off. [Not used.]

Avoid

AVOID', verb transitive [French vuider, or vider; vuide, void, empty; wide, void, widow; Latin vidua. See Void. It coincides also with Latin vito, evito; French eviter. See Class Bd.]

1. To shun; to keep at a distance from; that is, literally, to go or be wide from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters.

2. To shift off, or clear off; as, to avoid expense.

3. To quit; to evacuate; to shun by leaving; as, to avoid the house.

4. To escape; as, to avoid danger.

Shak.

5. To emit or throw out; as, to avoid excretions. For this, void is now generally used.

6. To make void; to annul or vacate.

The grant cannot be avoided without injustice to the grantee.

Anon.

7. In pleading, to set up some new matter or distinction, which shall avoid, that is, defeat or evade the allegation of the other party. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by stating new matter.

Blackstone.

Avoid

AVOID', verb intransitive To retire; to withdraw.

David avoided out of his presence. I Samaritan xviii. [Improper.]

2. To become void, vacant or empty.

A benefice avoids by common law.

Ayliffe.

Avoidable

AVOID'ABLE, adjective That may be avoided, left at a distance, shunned or escaped.

2. That may be vacated; liable to be annulled.

Avoidance

AVOID'ANCE, noun The act of avoiding, or shunning.

2. The act of vacating, or the state of being vacant. It is appropriately used for the state of a benefice becoming void, by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.

Cowel. Encyc.

3. The act of annulling.

4. The course by which any thing is carried off.

Bacon.

Avoided

AVOID'ED, participle passive Shunned; evaded; made void; ejected.

Avoider

AVOID'ER, noun One who avoids, shuns or escapes.

2. The person who carries any thing away; the vessel in which things are carried away.

Johnson.

Avoiding

AVOID'ING, participle of the present tense Shunning; escaping; keeping at a distance; ejecting; evacuating; making void, or vacant.

Avoidless

AVOID'LESS, adjective That cannot be avoided; inevitable.

Dryden.

Avoirdupois

AVOIRDUPOIS', n. s as z. [French avoir du poids, to have weight. See Poise.]

A weight, of which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its proportion to a pound Troy is as 17 to 14. This is the weight for the larger and coarser commodities, as hay, iron, cheese, groceries, &c.

Chambers.

Avolation

AVOLA'TION, noun [Latin avolo, to fly away, of a and volo. See Volatile.]

The act of flying away; flight; escape. [Little used.]

Avoset

AV'OSET, or AVOSET'TA, noun In ornithology, a species of fowls, arranged under the genus, recurvirostra, and placed by Linne in the grallic order, but by Pennant and Latham, among the palmipeds. The bill is long, slender, flexible and bent upward towards the tip. This bird is of the size of a lapwing, with very long legs, and the feathers variegated with black and white. It is found both in Europe and America.

Encyc.

Avouch

AVOUCH', verb transitive [Norm. voucher, to call, to vouch; Latin voco, advoco. See Voice.]

1. To affirm; to declare or assert with positiveness.

Hooker.

2. To produce or call in; to affirm in favor of, maintain or support.

Such antiquities could be avouched for the the Irish.

Spenser.

3. To maintain, vindicate or justify.

Shak.

Avouch

AVOUCH', noun Evidence; testimony; declaration. [Little used.]

Shak.

Avouchable

AVOUCH'ABLE, adjective That may be avouched. [Little used.]

Avouched

AVOUCH'ED, participle passive Affirmed; maintained; called in to support.

Avoucher

AVOUCH'ER, noun One who avouches.

Avouching

AVOUCH'ING, participle of the present tense Affirming; calling in to maintain; vindicating.

Avouchment

AVOUCH'MENT, noun Declaration; the act of avouching.

Shak.

Avow

AVOW', verb transitive [French avouer; Armoric avoei; Norm. avower; Latin voveo.]

1. To declare openly, with a view to justify, maintain or defend; or simply to own, acknowledge or confess frankly; as, a man avows his principles or his crimes.

2. In law, to acknowledge and justify; as when the distrainer of goods defends in an action of replevin, and avows the taking, but insists that such taking was legal.

Blackstone.

Avow

AVOW', noun A vow or determination. [Not used.]

Gower.

Avowable

AVOW'ABLE, adjective That may be avowed, or openly acknowledged with confidence.

Donne.

Avowal

AVOW'AL, noun An open declaration; frank acknowledgment.

Hume.

Avowant

AVOW'ANT, noun The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking.

Cowel.

Avowed

AVOW'ED, participle passive Openly declared; owned; frankly acknowledged.

Avowedly

AVOW'EDLY, adverb In an open manner: with frank acknowledgment.

Avowee

AVOW'EE, noun Sometimes used for advowee, the person who has a right to present to benefice, the patron. [See Advowson.]

Cowel.

Avower

AVOW'ER, noun One who avows, owns, or asserts.

Avowing

AVOW'ING, participle of the present tense Openly declaring; frankly acknowledging; justifying.

Avowry

AVOW'RY, noun In law, the act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking; the act of maintaining the right to distrain, by the distrainer, or defendant in replevin.

Blackstone.

Avowtry

AVOW'TRY, [See Advowtry.]

Avulsed

AVULS'ED, adjective [See Avulsion.] Plucked or pulled off.

Shenstone.

Avulsion

AVUL'SION, noun [Latin avulsio, from avello, a and vello, to pull, coinciding with Hebrew and Arabic, to separate; pull.]

A pulling or tearing asunder; a rending or violent separation.

Await

AWA'IT, verb transitive [a and wait. See Wait. French guetter, to watch; guet, a watch; Italian guatare, to look or watch.]

Literally, to remain, hold or stay.

1. To wait for; to look for, or expect.

Betwixt the rocky pillars, Gabriel sat,

Chief of the Angelic guards, awaiting night.

Milton.

2. To be in store for; to attend; to be ready for; as, a glorious reward awaits the good.

Await

AWA'IT, noun Ambush; in a state of waiting for.

Spenser.

Awaiting

AWA'ITING, participle of the present tense Waiting for; looking for; expecting; being ready or in store for.

Awake

AWA'KE, verb transitive pret. awoke, awaked; pp. awaked. [Saxon gewoecan, wacian, or weccan; Dutch wekken; German wecken; Swedish upucka; Danish voekker. The Latin vigilo seems to be formed on this root. See Wake.]

1. To rouse from sleep.

I go that I may awake him out of sleep. John 11.

2. To excite from a state resembling sleep; as from death, stupidity or inaction; to put into action, or new life; as, to awake the dead; to awake the dormant facultles.

Awake

AWA'KE, verb intransitive To cease to sleep; to come from a state of natural sleep.

Jacob awaked out of sleep. Genesis 28.

2. To bestir, revive or rouse from a state of inaction; to be invigorated with new life; as, the mind awakes from its stupidity.

Awake, O sword, against my shepherd. Zechariah 13.

3. To rouse from spiritual sleep.

Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. Ephesians 5. Awake to righteousness. 1 Corinthians 15.

4. To rise from the dead. Job 14.

Awake

AWA'KE, adjective Not sleeping; in a state of vigilance or action.

Awaken

AWA'KEN, verb transitive awÃƒ- kn. This is the word awake, with its Saxon infinitive. It is transitive or intransitive; but more frequently transitive, as awake is more frequently intransitive. Its significations are the same as those of awake.

Awakened

AWA'KENED, participle passive Roused from sleep, in a natural or moral sense.

Awakener

AWA'KENER, noun He or that which awakens.

Awakening

AWA'KENING, noun A revival of religion, or more general attention to religion, than usual.

Award

AWARD', verb transitive [Scot. warde, determination; Norm. garda, award, judgment; agardetz, awarded. See Guard and Regard.]

To adjudge; to give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign by sentence. This word is appropriately used to express the act of arbitrators in pronouncing upon the rights of parties; as, the arbitrators awarded damages to A. B.

Award

AWARD', verb intransitive To judge; to determine; to make an award.

Award

AWARD', noun The judgment, or determination of arbitrators, or the paper containing it.

2. Judgment; sentence; determination of points submitted to arbitrators.

Awarded

AWARD'ED, participle passive Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence, or by the decision of arbitrators.

Awarder

AWARD'ER, noun One that awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a judge.

Thomson.

Awarding

AWARD'ING, participle of the present tense Adjudging; assigning by judicial sentence; determining.

Aware

AWA'RE, adjective [Saxon gewarian, to take care, provide, avoid; to preserve or defend; also covered, protected; warian, to beware; war, aware. See Ware and Wary.]

Watchful; vigilant; guarded; but more strictly in modern usage, apprised; expecting an event from information, or probability; as, the general was aware of the enemy's designs.

Aware

AWA'RE, verb intransitive To beware; to be cautious. [Not legitimate.]

Milton.

Awarn

AWARN', verb transitive To warn, which see.

Spenser.

Awatcha

AWAT'CHA, noun A bird of Kamtchatka, enumerated by Pennant, among the warblers. The upper parts of the body are of a deep brown color; the throat and breast white, with black spots.

Away

AWA'Y, adverb [Saxon aweg, absent, a and weg, way; also onweg, away, and awegan, to avert. See Way.]

1. Absent; at a distance; as, the master is away from home.

Have me away, for I am wounded. 2 Chronicles 35.

2. It is much used with words signifying moving or going from; as, go away, send away, run away, &c.; all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither away so fast.

Shak.

Love hath wings and will away.

Waller.

3. As an exclamation, it is a command or invitation to depart; away, that is, be gone, or let us go. ``Away with him.' Take him away.

4. With verbs, it serves to modify their sense and form peculiar phrases; as,

To throw away, to cast from, to give up, dissipate or foolishly destroy.

To trifle away, to lose or expend in trifles, or in idleness.

To drink away, to squander away, &c., to dissipate in drinking or extravagance.

To make away, is to kill or destroy.

5. Away with has a peculiar signification in the phrase, ``I cannot away with it.' Isaiah 1. The sense is, ``I cannot bear or endure it.'

Awe

AWE, noun aw. [Danish ave, fear, awe, chastisement, discipline; aver, to chastise or correct; Greek, to be astonished. Qu. Irish agh; Saxon ege, or oga, fear; Gothic agjan, or ogan, to dread. It would appear that the primary sense of the Danish is to strike, or check.]

1. Fear mingled with admiration or reverence; reverential fear.

Stand in awe and sin not. Psalm 4.

2. Fear; dread inspired by something great, or terrific.

Awe

AWE, verb transitive To strike with fear and reverence; to influence by fear, terror or respect; as, his majesty awed them into silence.

Aweary

AWE'ARY, adjective Weary, which see.

Shak.

Aweather

AWEATH'ER, adverb aweth'er. [a and weather.]

On the weather-side, or towards the wind; as, the helm is aweather; opposed to alee.

Mar. Dict.

Awe-Commanding

AWE-COMMAND'ING, adjective Striking or influencing by awe.

Gray.

Awed

AW'ED, participle passive Struck with fear; influenced bv fear or reverence.

Aweigh

AWEIGH', adverb [a and weigh.] Atrip. The anchor is aweigh, when it is just drawn out of the ground, and hangs perpendicular. [See Atrip.]

Awe-Inspiring

AWE'-INSPI'RING, adjective Impressing with awe.

Bp. Hobart.

Awe-Struck

AWE'-STRUCK, adjective Impressed or struck with awe.

Milton.

Awful

AW'FUL, adjective [awe and full.]

1. That strikes with awe; that fills with profound reverence; as the awful majesty of Jehovah.

2. That fills with terror and dread; as the awful approach of death.

3. Struck with awe; scrupulous.

A weak and awful reverence for antiquity.

Watts.

Shakspeare uses it for worshipful, inspiring respect by authority or dignity.

Our common people use this word in the sense of frightful, ugly, detestable.

Awfully

AW'FULLY, adverb In a manner to fill with awe; in a reverential manner.

Awfulness

AW'FULNESS, noun The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; solemnity; as, ``the awfulness of this sacred place.'

2. The state of being struck with awe.

A help to prayer, producing in us reverence and awfulness.

Taylor.

[Not legitimate.]

Awhape

AWHAPE, verb transitive awhap'. [Welsh cwapiaw, to strike smartly.] To strike; to confound. Obs.

Spenser.

[This is our vulgar whop.]

Awhile

AWH'ILE, adverb [a and while, time, or interval.]

A space of time; for some time; for a short time.

Awk

AWK, adjective Odd; out of order.

L'Estrange.

2. Clumsy in performance, or manners; unhandy; not dextrous. [Vulgar.]

Awkward

AWK'WARD, adjective [awk and ward.] Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands or of instruments; unready; not dextrous; bungling; untoward.

Dryden.

2. Inelegant; unpolite; ungraceful in manners; clumsy; unnatural; bad.

Shak.

Awkwardly

AWK'WARDLY, adverb Clumsily; in a rude or bungling manner; inelegantly; badly.

Awkwardness

AWK'WARDNESS, noun Clumsiness; ungracefulness in manners; want of dexterity in the use of the hands or instruments; unsuitableness.

Addison.

Awl

AWL, noun [Saxon oel, an awl, and an eel; German ahl, an awl, and aal, an eel; Dutch els, an awl; aal, an eel; Danish aal, an eel; Irish ail, a sting or prickle.]

An iron instrument for piercing small holes in leather, for sewing and stitching; used by shoemakers, sadlers, &c. The blade is either straight, or a little bent and flattened.

Awless

AW'LESS, adjective [awe and less.] Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear; as awless insolence.

Dryden.

2. Wanting the power of causing reverence; not exciting awe; as an awless throne.

Shak.

Awlwort

AWL'WORT, noun [awl and wort. See Wort.]

The popular name of the Subularia aquatica, or rough leaved alyssum; so called from its awl-shaped leaves, which grow in clusters round the root. It is a native of Britain and Ireland.

Encyc.

Awm

AWM, or AUM, noun [Dutch aam; German ahm.]

A Dutch liquid measure, containing eight steckans or twenty verges or verteels, equal to the English tierce, the sixth of a French tun, and the seventh of an English tun, or thirty-six gallons.

Encyc. Arbuthnot.

Awn

AWN, noun [Swedish agne; Greek,.]

The board of corn or grass, as it is usually understood. But technically, a slender sharp process issuing from the chaff or glume in corn and grasses.

Martyn.

Awning

AWN'ING, noun [Gothic hulyan, to cover.]

1. A cover of canvas, usually a sail or tarpauling, spread over a boat or ship's deck, to shelter from the sun's rays, the officers and crew, and preserve the decks.

2. That part of the poop deck which is continued forward beyond the bulk head of the cabin.

Mar. Dict.

Awnless

AWN'LESS, adjective Without awn or beard.

Awny

AWN'Y, adjective Having awns; full of beard.

Awoke

AWO'KE. The preterit of awake.

Awork

AWORK', adverb [Saxon geweorcan, to work.]

At work; in a state of labor or action. [Not used.]

Shak.

Aworking

AWORK'ING, adverb At work; into a state of working or action.

Hubbard's Tale.

Awry

AWRY', adjective or adverb [Danish vrider, to twist; vrien, twisted; Swedish vrida; Saxon writhan, to writhe.]

1. Turned or twisted towards one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; asquint; with oblique vision; as, ``to glance a look awry;' the lady's cap is awry.

2. In a figurative sense, turned aside from the line of truth, or right reason; perverse or perversely.

Sidney. Milton.

Ax

AX, noun improperly written axe. [Saxon oex, eax, oese; Swedish yxe; Latin ascia; Greek; Italian azza; Ethiopic hatzi, an ax; or Arabic hazza, to cut; Chaldee and Syriac an ax.]

An instrument usually of iron, for hewing timber and chopping wood. It consists of a head with an arching edge, and a helve or handle. The ax is of two kinds, the broad ax for hewing, and the narrow ax for rough-hewing and cutting. The hatchet is a small ax to be used with one hand.

Axayacat

AXAYA'CAT, noun A fly in Mexico, whose eggs, deposited on rushes and flags, in large quantities, are sold and used as a sort of caviare, called ahuauhtli. This was a dish among the Mexicans, as it now is among the Spaniards.

Clavigero.

Axestone

AXESTONE, or AXSTONE, noun A mineral, a subspecies of jade; less hard than nephrite; of a leek or grass green, olive green or greenish gray color. It occurs amorphous, or in rolled fragments. It is found chiefly in New-Zealand and the S. Sea isles, where it is used by the rude natives for axes and other instruments.

Ure. Cleaveland.

Axiform

AX'IFORM, adjective [Latin axis, and forma.] In the form of an axis.

Encyc.

Axil

AX'IL, noun [Latin axilla; Irish asgal; French aisselle; Dutch oxel, the armpit; Chaldee and Hebrew, to separate or set apart; whence, armpits.]

1. The armpit; a cavity under the upper part of the arm or shoulder.

2. In botany, the space or angle formed by a branch with the stem, or by a leaf with the stem or branch.

Milne. Darwin.

Axillar

AX'ILLAR, or AX'ILLARY, adjective Pertaining to the armpit, or to the axil of plants. Axillary leaves are those which proceed from the angle formed by the stem and branch.

Martyn. Milne.

Axinite

AX'INITE, noun A mineral which sometimes occurs in lamellar masses, but commonly in crystals, whose general form is that of a very oblique rhomb, or rather, four-sided prism, so flattened that some of its edges become thin and sharp, like that of an ax; whence its name, Greek. This is the thumerstone of Kirwan. It has been sometimes called yanolite and violet shorl.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Brongniart. Cleaveland.

Axinomancy

AXINOM'ANCY, noun [Greek, an ax, and, divination.]

Among the ancients, a species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet, performed by laying an agate-stone on a red hot hatchet, or by fixing a hatchet on a round stake, so as to be poised; then the names of those suspected were repeated, and he at whose name the hatchet moved, was pronounced guilty.

Encyc.

Axiom

AX'IOM, noun [Greek, authority, an authoritative sentence, or that which is assumed, from, worthy, to think worthy, to esteem; to ask, [to ax;] that which is asked, sought or esteemed.]

1. A self evident truth, or a proposition whose truth is so evident at first sight, that no process of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; as, ``the whole is greater than a part.'

Johnson. Encyc.

2. An established principle in some art or science; a principle received without new proof; as, ``things which are equal to the same thing, are equal to one another.'

Encyc.

Axiomatic

AXIOMAT'IC, or AXIOMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of self evident truths or received principles.

Pref. to Bacon's Aphorisms.

Axis

AX'IS, noun plu. axes. [Latin; Greek; Russian os, or osi; Saxon oex; French axe, or aissieu; German achse; Dutch as; Italian asse; Spanish exe; Portugese exo, eixo.]

1. The straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may revolve; as the axis of the earth.

2. In geometry, a straight line in a plain figure, about which it revolves to produce a solid.

3. In conic sections, a right line dividing the section into two equal parts, and cutting all its ordinates at right angles.

4. In mechanics, the axis of a balance is that line about which it moves, or rather turns.

The axis of oscillation is a right line parallel to the horizon passing through the center, about which a pendulum vibrates.

The axis in peritrochio is a wheel concentric with the base of a cylinder, and movable with it about its axis.

5. In optics, a particular ray of light from any object which falls perpendicularly on the eye.

6. In architecture, spiral axis is the axis of a twisted column spirally drawn in order to trace the circumvolutions without.

Axis of the Ionic capital is a line passing perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute.

The axis of a vessel is an imaginary line passing through the middle of it, perpendicular to its base, and equally distant from its sides.

In botany, axis is a taper column in the center of some flowers or catkins, about which the other parts are disposed.

In anatomy, axis is the name of the second verteber of the neck; it has a tooth which enters into the first verteber, and this tooth is by some called the axis.

Encyc.

Axle

AX'LE, or AX'LE-TREE, noun [Saxon oex and tree. See Axis.]

A piece of timber or bar of iron, fitted for insertion in the hobs or naves of wheels, on which the wheels turn.

Axolote

AX'OLOTE, noun A water lizard found in the Mexican lake, about eight inches in length, sometimes much larger. The skin is black and soft. It swims with its feet, which resemble those of a frog. It has a periodical evacuation of blood, like the human female.

Clavigero.

Ay

AY, or AYE, adverb [German, Dutch Danish Swedish ja, pron. ya; Danish eja; Cornish ia; Arabic ya; French oui. It may be a contracted word.]

Yes, yea, a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is used also to enforce the sense of what is asserted, equivalent to even so, truly, certainly.

Aye

AYE, adverb [Saxon aa, a, or awa; Greek; Amh. ai, continually; Dutch eeuw, an age; Gothic aiw, an age, eternity; Latin oevum, which, without its termination, is oev, oew; probably a contracted word, Welsh haug.]

Always; forever; continually; for an indefinite time; used in poetry.

Ayle

AYLE, noun In law, a grandfather. [See Besayle.]

Ayry

A'YRY. [See Aerie.]

Azarole

AZ'AROLE, noun [French] A species of thorn; the three grained medlar, a species of crataegus.

Azerit

AZ'ERIT, or AZERI'TA, or AZERI'RA, noun A species of plum or prunus.

Fam. of Plants.

Azimuth

AZ'IMUTH, noun [Arabic samatha, to move or go towards; (Latin semita,) a way or path; with a prefix.]

1. In astronomy, an arch of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place, and the azimuth or vertical circle, passing through the center of the object.

2. Magnetical azimuth, an arch of the horizon, intercepted between the azimuth or vertical circle, passing through the center of any heavenly body, and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.

3. Azimuth compass, an instrument for finding either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of an heavenly object.

4. Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon.

5. Azimuths or vertical circles, are great circles intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles.

Encyc. Chambers. Bailey. Johnson.

On charts, these azimuths are represented by rhumbs, and on the globe, by the quadrant of altitude, when screwed in the zenith.

Azote

AZ'OTE, noun [Greek priv. and, life, or, vital.]

A species of gas, called also mephitic air, and atmospheric mephitis, on account of its fatal effects upon animal life. It is tasteless, and inodorous : it exists in common air, mixed with oxygen, and constitutes about seventy-nine hundredth parts of atmospheric air. It may be obtained, in large quantities, from the muscular fibers of animals. Combined with hydrogen, it forms volatile alkali; and it enters into the composition of most animal substances. It is the radical of nitric acid, and is now called nitrogen gas, or nitrogen.

Azoth

AZ'OTH, noun Among alchimists, the first principle of metals; the mercury of metals; a universal medicine. Obs.

Ash.

2. The liquor of sublimated quicksilver; brass.

Coxe.

Azotic

AZOT'IC, adjective Pertaining to azote; fatal to animal life.

Azotite

AZ'OTITE, noun A salt formed by a combination of the protoxyd of azote, or nitrous oxyd, with an alkali.

Thomson.

Azure

AZ'URE, a. azh'ur. [Persic, lazurd, blue; French azur; Spanish azul, or azur; Italian azzurro; Welsh asur, blue. Hence lazuli, in Lapis Lazuli.]

Of a sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the sky.

Azure

AZ'URE, n. azh'ur. The fine blue color of the sky. This word was formerly applied to the lapis lazuli, and the color prepared from it. But it is now applied to the blue extracted from cobalt, though somewhat a different color; the blue of the lapis is called ultramarine. Azure is applied also to the blue glass made of the oxyd of cobalt and vitrifiable substances, reduced to fine powder. In large masses it is called smalt.

Encyc.

2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven.

3. In heraldry, a blue color in coats of all persons under the degree of baron.

Jones.

Azure

AZ'URE, verb transitive To color blue.

Azured

AZ'URED, a. azh'ured. Colored azure; being of an azure color.

Sidney.

Azure-Stone

AZ'URE-STONE, or AZ'URITE, noun Another name of the lazulite.

Azurn

AZ'URN, adjective Of a blue color. [Little used.]

Milton.

Azyme

AZ'YME, noun [See Azymous.] Unleavened bread. [Not in use.]

Azymite

AZ'YMITE, noun [See Azymous.] In church history, azymites are christians who administer the eucharist with unleavened bread.

Encyc.

Azymous

AZ'YMOUS, adjective [Greek a priv. and, leaven.]

Unleavened; unfermented; as sea-biscuit.

Encyc. Ash.

B

B

B is the second letter, and the first articulation, or consonant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and most other alphabets. In the Ethiopic, it is the ninth letter, and its shape is that of a hut. Perhaps from this or other like figure, it received its Hebrew name, beth, a house. It is a mute and a labial, being formed by pressing the whole length of the lips together, as in pronouncing eb. It is less perfectly mute than p, as may be perceived by pronouncing the syllables ab and ap. It is convertible, 1st, with p, as in the Celtic, ben or pen, a mountain; in the English, beak and peak, beck and peck; 2d, with v, as in the German, silber for silver; and in Spanish, b and v are used indifferently; 3d, with f, as in bore and perforo; bear, Latin fero; in the Celtic bun, bunadh, bunait, stock, origin, foundation; English, found; Latin fundamentum; with the Greek, as Bilip, for; 4th, with v and w; as, Irish fior, Latin verus; fear, vir; Irish buaic, the wick of a candle.

The Greek B is always pronounced like the English V, and the Russian B corresponds with the Greek.

In composition, the letter B is changed into p before the letter p; as in opprimo, from ob and premo; oppono, from ob and pono; into f, before f, as in offero, from ob and fero; into c before c, as in occido, from ob and cado, and coedo.

As a numeral, B was used by the Hebrews and Greeks, as now by the Arabians, for 2; by the Romans for 300, and with a dash over it thus B, for 3000. B is used also as an abbreviation; thus B. A. stand for bachelor of arts; B. Latin for bachelor of laws; B. Dutch for bachelor of divinity; B. F. before the decrees of the old Romans, for bonum factum. In music, B stands for the tone above A; Bb, for B flat, or the semitone major above A. B also stands for base, and B. C. for basso continuo, or thorough base.

Baa

B`AA, noun The cry or appropriate bleating of sheep.

Baa

B`AA, verb intransitive To cry or bleat as sheep.

Baal

BA'AL, noun [Oriental, lord.]

An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syrians, representing the sun. The word signifies also lord, or commander; and the character of the idol was varied by different nations, at different times. Thus Baal Berith is supposed to signify the Lord of the Covenant; Baal Peor, or rather Baal Phegor, the Lord of the dead. Psalm 106. Baal Zebub, the god of flies, &c.

Babble

BAB'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch babbelen; French babiller; properly to throw out.]

1. To utter words imperfectly or indistinctly, as children.

Prior.

2. To talk idly or irrationally; to talk thoughtlessly.

Arbuthnot.

3. To talk much; to prate; hence to tell secrets.

Shak.

4. To utter sounds frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly; as, a babbling echo; a babbling stream.

Babble

BAB'BLE, verb transitive To prate; to utter.

Babble

BAB'BLE, noun Idle talk; senseless prattle.

Shak.

Babblement

BAB'BLEMENT, noun Idle talk; senseless prate; unmeaning words.

Milton.

Babbler

BAB'BLER, noun An idle talker; an irrational prattler; a teller of secrets.

Babbling

BAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Talking idly; telling secrets.

2. Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds; as a babbling stream.

3. In hunting, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they have found a good scent.

Babbling

BAB'BLING, noun Foolish talk. 1 Timothy 6.

Babe

BABE, noun [German bube, a boy; Irish baban; Dutch babyn; Syriac babia; Phenician, babion; Arabic babah, a babe, an infant. Arabic babos or baboson, the young of man or beast; Syriac babosa, a little child. It is remarkable that this Syriac and Arabic word for an infant, is retained by the natives of America, who call an infant pappoos. Latin pupus, a word of endearment; pupa, little girl; whence pupillus, pupilla, pupil. Arabic bobohon, the beginning of youth; Greek, and; Arabic baba, to say baba, that is, father; papa, a word taken from the first attempts of children to pronounce the name of a parent.]

An infant; a young child of either sex.

Babel

BA'BEL, noun [Hebrew] Confusion; disorder.

Beaumont.

Babery

BA'BERY, noun Finery to please a child; any trifling toy for children.

Sidney.

Babish

BA'BISH, adjective Like a babe; childish.

Ascham.

Babishly

BA'BISHLY, adverb Childishly.

Baboon

BABOON', noun [French babouin, so called from its resemblance to a babe. This name seems to have originated in the oriental babion, papio. See Babe.]

A monkey of the largest species; a quadruped belonging to the genus Simia, in the class Mammalia, and order Primates, according to the system of Linne; but by Pennant arranged under the digitated quadrupeds. Baboons have short : tails; a long face; a broad high muzzle; dog-like tusks, or canine teeth; and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are found only on the eastern continent.

Encyc.

Baby

BA'BY, adjective Like a young child; pertaining to an infant.

Baby

BA'BY, noun [See Babe.] An infant or young child of either sex; a babe; [used in familiar language.]

2. A small image in form of an infant, for girls to play with; a doll.

Baby

BA'BY, verb transitive To treat like a young child.

Young.

Babyhood

BA'BYHOOD, noun The state of being a baby.

Ash.

Baby-House

BA'BY-HOUSE, noun A place for children's dolls and babies.

Swift.

Babylonian

BABYLO'NIAN, or BABYLO'NISH, adjective Pertaining to Babylon, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, or to the kingdom. The city stood on the river Frat, or Euphrates, and it is supposed, on the spot where the tower of Babel was founded.

2. Like the language of Babel; mixed; confused.

Babylonian

BABYLO'NIAN, noun An inhabitant of Babylonia. In ancient writers, an astrologer, as the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.

Babylonic

BABYLON'IC, or BABYLON'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as Babylonic garments, carpets or hangings.

Encyc.

2. Tumultuous; disorderly.

Harrington.

Babylonics

BABYLON'ICS, n. plu. The title of a fragment of the history of the world, ending 267 years before Christ, composed by Berosus, a priest of Babylon.

Encyc.

Babyroussa

BABYROUS'SA, noun In zoology, the Indian hog, a native of Celebes, and of Buero, but not found on the continent of Asia or of Africa. This quadruped belongs to the genus Sus, in the class Mammalia, and order Bellua. From the outside of the upper jaw, spring two teeth twelve inches long, bending like horns, and almost touching the forehead. Along the back are some weak bristles, and on the rest of the body only a sort of wool. These animals live in herds, feed on herbage, are sometimes tamed, and their flesh is well tasted. When pursued hard, they rush into the sea, swim or dive and pass from isle to isle. In the forest, they rest their heads by hooking their upper tusks on a bough.

Encyc.

Bac

BAC or BACK, noun [Dutch bak, a bowl or cistern.]

1. In navigation, a ferry-boat or praam.

2. In brewing, a large flat tub, or vessel, in which wort is cooled before boiling; hence called a cooler.

3. In distilleries, a vessel into which the liquor to be fermented is pumped, from the cooler, in order to be worked with the yeast.

Bacca

BAC'CA, noun [Latin] In botany, a berry; a fruit which consists of a pulpy pericarp, without valves, inclosing several naked seeds.

Milne.

Baccalureate

BACCALU'REATE, noun [The first part of this word is from the same root as bachelor; or as Bailey supposes, from bacca, berry; and the latter part, from laurea, a laurel, from the practice of wearing a garland of bay berries.]

The degree of bachelor of arts.

Baccated

BAC'CATED, adjective [Latin baccatus, garnished with pearls, from bacca, a berry.]

Set or adorned with pearls; having many berries. [Little used.]

Bacchanal

BAC'CHANAL, or BACCHANA'LIAN, noun [from Bacchus, Greek, the deity of wine and revelling. Qu. Irish back, drunk; or Dutch bak, bowl, Latin poculum; Gyp. bechari, a cup; or from raging, revelling.]

One who indulges in drunken revels; a drunkard; one who is noisy and riotous, when intoxicated.

Bacchanal

BAC'CHANAL, or BACCHANA'LIAN, adjective Revelling in intemperate drinking; riotous; noisy.

Bacchanalian

BACCHANA'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to revelling and drunkenness.

Even bacchanalian madness has its charms.

Cowper.

Bacchanals

BAC'CHANALS, n. plu. Drunken feasts; the revels of bacchanalians. In antiquity, feasts in honor of Bacchus, the god of wine. These were celebrated in spring and autumn, with games and shows.

Encyc.

Bacchic

BAC'CHIC, adjective Jovial; drunken; mad with intoxication.

2. Relating to Bacchus, the god of wine; as, a bacchic feast or song; bacchic mysteries.

Faber. Encyc.

Bacchius

BAC'CHIUS, noun In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; as in avari.

Encyc.

Bacciferous

BACCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin baccifer, of bacca, a berry, and fero, to bear.]

That produces berries. [See Bacca.] Bacciferous plants formerly included all such plants as have a pulpy fruit, whether of the apple, berry or cherry kind; but the modern systems of botany comprehend under this description such plants only as bear the pulpy pericarp, called bacca, or berry.

Milne.

Baccivorous

BACCIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin bacca, berry, and voro, to eat.]

Eating or subsisting on berries; as baccivorous birds.

Bachelor

BACH'ELOR, noun [French bachelier; Spanish bachiller, a bachelor of arts and a babbler; Portugese bacharel, id. and bacello, a shoot or twig of the vine; Italian baccelliere, a bachelor of arts; bacchio, a staff; bacchetta, a rod; Latin baculus, a stick, that is, a shoot; French bachelette, a damsel or young woman; Scot. baich, a child; Welsh bacgen, a boy, a child; bacgenes, a young girl; from bac, small. This word has its origin in the name of a child or young person of either sex, whence the sense of babbling in the Spanish. Or both senses are rather from shooting, protruding.]

1. A young man who has not been married.

2. A man of any age, who has not been married; often with the word old.

3. A person who has taken the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences, at a college or university. This degree or honor is called the baccalaureate. This title is given also to such as take the first degree in divinity, law or physic, in certain European universities.

4. A knight of the lowest order, or more correctly, a young knight, styled, a knight bachelor. The Germans anciently constituted their young men knights or soldiers, by presenting to them a shield and a lance, in a great council. This ceremony answered to that of the toga virilis of the Romans. In the livery companies of London, those persons not yet admitted to the livery are called bachelors.

Bachelorship

BACH'ELORSHIP, noun The state of being a bachelor.

2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a college or university.

Back

BACK, noun [Saxon bac, boec; Danish bag; Swedish bak; and Swedish backe, bakke, a hill, a clod or lump. The sense probably is a ridge, like the German rÃƒ-¼cken, Dutch rug, applied to the shoulders or to the back of a beast.]

1. The upper part of an animal, particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. In human beings, the hinder part of the body.

2. The outward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, concave part, or palm.

3. As the back of man is the part on the side opposite to the face; hence the part opposed to the front; as the back of a book and of a chimney, or the back of a house.

4. The part opposite to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or actor, or the part out of sight; as the back of an isle, of a wood, of a village.

5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, and as the back is behind in motion; hence the thick and strong part of a cutting tool; as the back of a knife, or of a saw.

6. The place behind or nearest the back; as, on the back of a hill or of a village.

7. The outer part of the body, or the whole body; a part for the whole; as, he has not clothes to his back.

8. To turn the back on one, is to forsake, or neglect him.

South.

9. To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior.

10. To turn the back, is to depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove or be absent.

Davies.

11. Behind the back, is in secret, or when one is absent.

12. To cast behind the back, in scripture, is to forget and forgive, Isaiah 38:17; or to treat with contempt. Ez. 23:35. Nehemiah 9:26.

13. To plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. Psalm 129.

14. To bow the back, is to submit to oppression. Romans 11:10.

Back

BACK, adverb To the place from which one came; as, to go back is to return.

2. In a figurative sense, to a former state, condition or station; as, he cannot go back from his engagements.

3. Behind; not advancing; not coming or bringing forward; as, to keep back a part; to keep one's self back.

4. Towards times or things past; as, to look back on former ages.

5. Again; in return; as, give back the money.

6. To go or come back, is to return, either to a former place, or state.

7. To go or give back, is to retreat, to recede.

Back

BACK, verb transitive To mount; to get upon the back; sometimes perhaps to place upon the back; as, to back a horse.

Shak.

2. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid; as, the Court was backed by the House of Commons.

Dryden.

3. To put backward; to cause to retreat or recede; as, to back oxen.

4. To back a warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.

Blackstone.

5. In seamanship, to back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one, to prevent its coming home.

6. To back astern, in rowing, is to manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual method, to move a boat stern foremost.

7. To back the sails, is to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern.

Mar. Dict.

Back

BACK, verb intransitive To move or go back; as, the horse refuses to back.

Encyc.

Backbite

BACK'BITE, verb transitive [back and bite.] To censure, slander, reproach, or speak evil of the absent. Proverbs 25.

Backbiter

BACK'BITER, noun One who slanders, calumniates or speaks ill of the absent.

Backbiting

BACK'BITING, noun The act of slandering the absent; secret calumny. 2 Corinthians 12.

Backbitingly

BACKBI'TINGLY, adverb With secret slander.

Barret.

Backboard

BACK'BOARD, noun [back and board.] A board placed across the after part of a boat.

Backbone

BACKBO'NE, noun [back and bone.] The bone of the back; or the spine.

Backcarry

BACK'CARRY, noun A having on the back; a term of law.

Backdoor

BACKDOOR, noun [back and door.] A door on the back part of a building; a private passage; an indirect way.

Backed

BACK'ED, participle passive Mounted; having on the back; supported by aid; seconded; moved backward.

Backed

BACK'ED, adjective Having a back; a word used in composition; as broad-backed, hump-backed.

Backfriend

BACK'FRIEND, noun [back and friend. A secret enemy.

South.

Backgammon

BACKGAM'MON, noun [Welsh bac, small, and cammaun, conflict, battle; camp, a game.]

A game played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. The table is in two parts, on which are 24 black and white spaces, called points. Each player has 15 men of different colors for the purpose of distinction.

Encyc.

Background

BACK'GROUND, noun [back and ground.] Ground in the rear or behind, as opposed to the front.

2. A place of obscurity, or shade; a situation little seen, or noticed.

Backhanded

BACK'HANDED, adjective [back and hand.] With the hand turned backward; as a backhanded blow.

Backhanded

BACK'HANDED, adverb With the hand directed backward; as, to strike backhanded.

Backhouse

BACK'HOUSE, noun [back and house.] A building behind the main or front building.

Backing

BACK'ING, participle of the present tense Mounting; moving back, as a horse; seconding.

Backpainting

BACK'PAINTING, noun [back and paint.] The method of painting mezzotinto prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print.

Encyc.

Backpiece

BACK'PIECE, noun [back and piece.] The piece of armor which covers the back.

Backreturn

BACK'RETURN, noun Repeated return.

Shak.

Backroom

BACK'ROOM, noun [back and room.] A room behind the front room, or in the back part of the house.

Backs

BACKS, noun Among dealers in leather, the thickest and best tanned hides.

Encyc.

Backset

BACK'SET, adjective [back and set.] Set upon in the rear.

Anderson.

Backside

BACK'SIDE, noun [back and side.] The back part of any thing; the part behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. Exodus 3.

2. The hind part of an animal.

3. The yard, ground or place behind a house.

Backslide

BACKSLI'DE, verb intransitive [back and slide.] To fall off; to apostatize; to turn gradually from the faith and practice of christianity. Jeremiah 3. Hosea 4.

Backslider

BACKSLI'DER, noun An apostate; one who falls from the faith and practice of religion. Proverbs 14.

2. One who neglects his vows of obedience and falls into sin.

Backsliding

BACKSLI'DING, noun The act of apostatizing from faith or practice; a falling insensibly from religion into sin or idolatry. Jeremiah 5:6.

Backstaff

BACK'STAFF, noun [back and staff, so called from its being used with the observer's back toward the sun.]

A quadrant; an instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea; called also, from its inventor, Davis's quadrant.

Encyc.

Backstairs

BACK'STAIRS, noun [back and stairs.]

Stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs; and figuratively, a private or indirect way.

Backstays

BACK'STAYS, noun [back and stay.]

Long ropes or stays extending from the top-mast heads to both sides of a ship, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast, when strained by a weight of sail, and prevent it from giving way and falling overboard.

Mar. Dict.

Backsword

BACK'SWORD, noun [back and sword.]

A sword with one sharp edge. In Engtand, a stick wth a basket handle used in rustic amusements.

Arbuthnot.

Backward

BACK'WARD, or BACK'WARDS, adverb [back and ward. See Ward.] With the back in advance; as, to move backward.

2. Toward the back; as, to throw the arms backward; to move backwards and forwards.

3. On the back, or with the back downwards; as, to fall backward.

4. Toward past times or events; as to look backward on the history of man.

5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Davies.

6. From a better to a worse state; as, public affairs go backward.

7. In time past; as, let us look some ages backward.

8. Perversely; from a wrong end.

I never yet saw man but she would spell him backward.

Shak.

9. Towards the beginning; in an order contrary to the natural order; as, to read backward.

10. In a scriptural sense, to go or turn backward, is to rebel, apostatize, or relapse into sin, or idolatry. Isaiah 1.

11. Contrarily; in a contrary manner.

Swift.

To be driven or turned backward, is to be defeated, or disappointed. Psalm 40.

To turn judgment backward, is to pervert justice and laws. Isaiah 59.

Backward

BACK'WARD, adjective Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating.

For wiser brutes are backward to be slaves.

Pope.

2. Slow; sluggish; dilatory.

The mind is backward to undergo the fatigue of weighing every argument.

Watts.

3. Dull; not quick of apprehension; behind in progress; as a backward learner.

4. Late; behind in time; coming after something else, or after the usual time; as backward fruits; the season is backward.

Backward

BACK'WARD noun The things or state behind or past.

In the dark backward or abysm of time.

Shak.

[Not proper, nor in use.]

Backwardly

BACK'WARDLY, adverb Unwillingly; reluctantly; aversely; perversely.

Backwardness

BACK'WARDNESS, noun Unwillingness; reluctance; dilatoriness, or dullness in action.

2. A state of being behind in progress; slowness; tardiness; as the backwardness of the spring.

Backworm

BACK'WORM, noun [back and worm.] A small worm, in a thin skin, in the reins of a hawk. [See Filanders.]

Encyc.

Bacon

BA'CON, n. ba'kn. [Welsh baccun; Irish bogun. In old charters, boca. Cowel. In German bache, is a wild sow.]

Hog's flesh, salted or pickled and dried, usually in smoke.

To save one's bacon, is to preserve one's self from harm.

Bacule

BACULE, noun [French bascule.]

In fortification, a kind of portcullis or gate, made like a pit-fall, with a counterpoise, and supported by two great stakes.

Encyc.

Baculite

BAC'ULITE, noun [Latin baculus.]

A genus of fossil shells, of a straight form, in their cellular structure resembling the ammonites.

Edin. Encyc.

Baculometry

BACULOM'ETRY, noun [Latin baculus, a staff, and Greek, measure.]

The act of measuring distance or altitude by a staff or staves.

Bailey. Johnson.

Bad

BAD, adjective [Pers. bad, evil, depraved; allied perhaps to Arabic; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan to perish or destroy.]

1. Ill; evil; opposed to good; a word of general use, denoting physical defects and moral faults, in men and things; as a bad man, a bad heart, a bad design, bad air, bad water, bad books.

2. Vicious; corrupt; depraved, in a moral sense; as a bad life; a bad action.

3. Unwholesome; as bad provisions.

4. Unfortunate; unprosperous; as a bad state of affairs.

5. Unskilful; as a bad player.

6. Small; poor; as a bad crop.

7. Infirm; as a bad state of health.

8. Feeble, corrupt, or oppressive; as a bad government.

9. Hurtful; pernicious; as, fine print is bad for the eyes.

10. Unfavorable; as a bad season.

11. Poor; steril; as a bad soil.

12. Rough or muddy; as a bad road.

In short, bad expresses whatever is injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, unlawful or immoral; whatever is offensive, painful or unfavorable; or what is defective.

Bad

BAD, or BADE, the past tense of bid. [See Bid.]

Badge

BADGE, noun [I know not the affinities of this word, not having found it in any other language. Probably it belongs to class Bg.]

1. A mark, sign, token or thing, by which a person is distinguished, in a particular place or employment, and designating his relation to a person or to a particular occupation; as the badge of authority.

2. The mark or token of any thing; as the badge of bitterness.

Shak.

3. An ornament on ships, near the stern, decorated with figures.

Badge

BADGE, verb transitive To mark, or distinguish with a badge.

Shak.

Badger

BADG'ER, noun [Qu. badge, supra; or Saxon bygan, bycgan, to buy; Norm. bugge.]

In law, a person who is licensed to buy corn in one place and sell it in another, without incurring the penalties of engrossing.

Cowel.

Badger

BADG'ER, noun A quadruped of the genus Ursus, of a clumsy make, with short, thick legs, and long claws on the fore feet. It inhabits the north of Europe and Asia, burrows, is indolent and sleepy, feeds by night on vegetables, and is very fat. Its skin is used for pistol furniture; its flesh makes good bacon, and its hair is used for brushes to soften the shades in painting.

Encyc.

The American badger is called the ground hog, and is sometimes white.

Pennant.

Badger-Legged

BADG'ER-LEGGED, adjective Having legs like a badger. Johnson says having legs of unequal length; but, qu. short thick legs.

Shak.

Badiaga

BADIA'GA, noun A small spunge, common in the North of Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks of bruises.

Encyc.

Badiane

BAD'IANE, or BAN'DIAN, noun The seed of a tree in China, which smells like anise seeds; used by the Chinese and Dutch to give their tea an aromatic taste.

Encyc.

Badigeon

BADIGE'ON, noun A mixture of plaster and free stone, ground together and sifted, used by statuaries to fill the small holes and repair the defects of the stones, of which they make their statues.

Encyc.

Badinage

BAD'INAGE, noun [French] Light or playful discourse.

Chesterfield.

Badly

BAD'LY, adverb [from bad.]

In a bad manner; not well; unskilfully; grievously; unfortunately; imperfectly.

Badness

BAD'NESS, noun The state of being bad, evil, vicious or depraved; want of good qualities, natural or moral; as the badness of the heart, of the season, of the roads, &c.

Baffetas

BAF'FETAS, or BAF'TAS, or BAS'TAS, noun An India cloth or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best.

Encyc.

Baffle

BAF'FLE, verb transitive [French befler, to make, or play the fool with; Spanish befar; Italian beffare, id. It coincides in origin with buffoon. In Scottish, beff, baff, signifies to strike.]

To mock or elude by artifice; to elude by shifts and turns; hence to defeat, or confound; as, to baffle the designs of an enemy.

Fashionable follies baffle argument.

Anon.

Baffle

BAF'FLE, verb intransitive To practice deceit.

Barrow.

Baffle

BAF'FLE, noun A defeat by artifice, shifts and turns.

South.

Baffled

BAF'FLED, participle passive Eluded; defeated; confounded.

Baffler

BAF'FLER, noun One that baffles.

Baffling

BAF'FLING, participle of the present tense Eluding by shifts, and turns, or by stratagem; defeating; confounding. A baffling wind, among seamen, is one that frequently shifts, from one point to another.

Bag

BAG, noun [Norm. bage, a bag, a coffer; bagnes, baggage. This word seems to be from the root of pack, pouch, French poche, or of the same family; or it is from the sense of tying, binding; Spanish baga, a rope or cord for fastening loads on beasts of burden. Hence baggage; Italian bagaglia; Spanish bagage; Portugese bagagem; French bagage; Armoric pacq, a pack, and bagaich.]

1. A sack; a pouch, usually of cloth or leather, used to hold, preserve or convey corn, and other commodities.

2. A sack in animal bodies containing some fluid or other substance.

3. Formerly, a sort of silken purse tied to the hair.

4. In commerce, a certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack; as a bag of pepper or hops; a bag of corn.

5. Among farriers, a bag of asafoetida and savin is tied to the bits of horses to restore their appetites.

Encyc.

Bag

BAG, verb transitive To put into a bag.

2. To load with bags.

Bag

BAG, verb intransitive To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with wind.

Bagatelle

BAGATELLE, n. bagatel'. [French; Spanish bagatela; Italian bagatella; Armoric bagauh.]

A trifle; a thing of no importance.

Baggage

BAG'GAGE, noun [French bagage. Qu. package; Dutch pakkaadje, baggage, that which is packed. See Bag.]

1. The tents, clothing, utensils, and other necessaries of an army.

2. The clothing and other conveniencies which a traveller carries with him, on a journey.

Having dispatched my baggage by water to Altdorf.

Coxe. Switz.

[The English now call this luggage.]

Baggage

BAG'GAGE, noun [French bagasse; Italian bagascia; Spanish bagazo, a catamite; Pers. baga, a strumpet.]

A low worthless woman; a strumpet.

Bagging

BAG'GING, participle of the present tense Swelling; becoming protuberant.

Bagging

BAG'GING, noun The cloth or materials for bags.

U. States. Edwards' Welsh Indies.

Bagnio

BAGNIO, n. ban'yo. [Italian bagno; Spanish baÃƒ-±o; Portugese banho; French bain; Latin balneum.]

1. A bath; a house for bathing, cupping, sweating and otherwise cleansing the body. In Turkey, it is the name of prisons where slaves are kept; so called from the baths which they contain.

Encyc.

2. A brothel.

Bagpipe

BAG'PIPE, noun [bag and pipe.]

A musical wind instrument, used chiefly in Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag, which receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a valve; and pipes, into which the air is pressed by the performer. The base-pipe is called the drone, and the tenor or treble is called the chanter. The pipes have eight holes like those of a flute, which the performer stops and opens at pleasure. There are several species of bag-pipes, as the soft and melodious Irish bag-pipe, with two short drones and a long one; the Highland bag-pipe, with two short drones, the music of which is very loud; the Scot's Lowland bag-pipe, which is played with a bellows and is also a loud instrument. There is also a small pipe, with a chanter about eight inches in length.

Encyc.

In seamanship, to bag-pipe the mizen, is to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizen shrouds.

Mar. Dict.

Bagpiper

BAG'PIPER, noun One who plays on a bag-pipe.

Bagre

BAG'RE, noun A small bearded fish, a species of Silurus, anguilliform, of a silvery hue, without scales, and delicious food.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bagreef

BAG'REEF, noun [bag and reef.]

A fourth and lower reef used in the British navy.

Mar. Dict.

Baguet

BAGUET', noun [French baguette, from bague, a ring; Irish beacht; Saxon beag.]

In architecture, a little round molding, less than an astragal, sometimes carved and enriched.

Encyc.

Bahar

BAHAR', or BAR'RE, noun Weights used in the E. Indies. The great bahar, for weighing pepper, cloves, nutmegs, &c., is 524 lb. 9 oz. avoirdupoise. The little bahar, for weighing quicksilver, vermilion, ivory, silk, &c., is 437 lbs. 9 oz.

Encyc.

Baigne

BAIGNE, verb transitive [French baigner.]

To soak or drench. [Not used.]

Carew.

Baikalite

BA'IKALITE, noun [From Baikal, a lake in Northern Asia.]

A mineral occurring in acicular prisms, sometimes long, and either confusedly grouped or radiating from a center. Its color is greenish, or yellowish white. It is regarded as a variety of Tremolite. This name is given also to an olive-green variety of augite and also of epidote.

Cleaveland

Bail

BAIL, verb transitive [French and Norm. bailler, to deliver, to lease; Armoric bahailhat; Arabic bahala; Ethiopic baleah, to deliver, free, liberate, permit to go.]

1. To set free, deliver, or liberate from arrest and imprisonment, upon security given that the person bailed shall appear and answer in court. The word is applied to the magistrate, or the surety. The magistrate bails a man, when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment, upon bond given with sureties. The surety bails a person, when he procures his release from arrest, by giving bond for his appearance.

Blackstone.

2. To deliver goods in trust, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee or person entrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment, or to bail goods to a carrier.

Blackstone.

3. To free from water, as to bail a boat. This word is improperly written bale. The word is probably the same as bail in law, to free, or liberate, and signifies to throw out water, as with a bucket or shovel.

Bail

BAIL, noun The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for his appearance in court.

The bail must be real substantial bondsmen.

Blackstone.

B and B were bail to the arrest in a suit at law.

Kent.

Bail is not used with a plural termination.

2. The security given for the release of a prisoner from custody; as, the man is out upon bail.

Excessive bail ought not to be required.

Blackstone.

Bail is common or special. Common bail are imaginary persons, who are pledges for the plaintiff's prosecution; as John Doe and Richard Roe.

Special bail must be men of real substance, sufficient to pay their bond or recognizance. To perfect or justify bail is to prove by the oath of the person that he is worth the sum for which he is surety beyond his debts. To admit to bail, is to release upon security given by bondsmen.

3. The handle of a kettle or other vessel.

4. In England, a certain limit within a forest.

Bailable

BA'ILABLE, adjective That may be set free upon bond with sureties; that may be admitted to bail; used of persons.

2. That admits of bail; as a bailable offense.

Blackstone.

Bailbond

BA'ILBOND, noun A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the writ.

Bailed

BA'ILED, participle passive Released from custody on bonds for appearance in court.

2. Delivered in trust, to be carried and deposited, redelivered, or otherwise accounted for.

3. Freed from water, as a boat.

Bailee

BAILEE', noun The person to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of the trust.

Blackstone.

Bailer

BA'ILER, or BA'ILOR, noun One who delivers goods to another in trust, for some particular purpose.

Bailiff

BA'ILIFF, noun [French baillif; Armoric belly; Scot. bailli; Italian bailo, a magistrate; balia, power, authority. Chaldee Arabic Hebrew Syriac, lord, chief. Class, Bl.]

In England, an officer appointed by the sheriff. Bailiffs are either special, and appointed, for their adroitness, to arrest persons; or bailiffs of hundreds, who collect fines, summon juries, attend the assizes, and execute writs and process. The sheriff in England is the king's bailiff.

There are also bailiffs of liberties, appointed by the lords in their respective jurisdictions, to execute process, and perform other duties; bailiffs of forests and of manors, who direct the husbandry, collect rents, &c.; and water bailiffs in each port, to search vessels, gather toll for anchorage, arrest persons for debt on the water, &c.

Blackstone. Encyc.

The office of bailiff formerly was high and honorable in England, and officers under that title on the continent are still invested with important functions.

Bailiwick

BA'ILIWICK, noun [bailli, an officer, see bailiff, and Saxon wic.]

The precincts in which a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's authority; as a hundred, a liberty, a forest, over which a bailiff is appointed. In the liberties and franchises of lords, the bailiff has exclusive jurisdiction.

Encyc.

Bailment

BA'ILMENT, noun [from bail.]

A delivery of goods, in trust, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed.

Blackstone.

Bailpiece

BA'ILPIECE, noun A slip of parchment or paper containing a recognizance of bail above or bail to the action.

Blackstone.

Bairn

BAIRN, or BARN, noun [Saxon bearn; Scot. bairn; probably, born.] A child. [Little used in English.]

Bait

BAIT, noun [Welsh abwyd, bwyd; Armoric boet; Irish abadh; Swedish bete, food; beta, to feed; Saxon batan, to bait; Russian pitayu; Danish beder, to rest for refreshment.]

1. Any substance for food, proper to be used or actually used, to catch fish, or other animals, by alluring them to swallow a hook, or to be caught in snares, or in an inclosure or net.

2. A portion of food and drink, or a refreshment taken on a journey.

3. An allurement; enticement; temptation.

Bait

BAIT, verb transitive To put meat on a hook or line, or in an inclosure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other animals into human power.

2. To give a portion of food and drink to man or beast upon the road; as, to bait horses.

Bait

BAIT, verb intransitive To take a portion of food and drink for refreshment on a journey; as, we stopped to bait.

Bait

BAIT, verb transitive [Gothic beitan. In Saxon bate is contention. See Make-bate.]

1. To provoke and harass by dogs; to harass by the help of others; as, to bait a bull or a boar.

2. To attack with violence; to harass in the manner of small animals.

Shak.

Bait

BAIT, verb intransitive To clap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover as a hawk, when she stoops to her prey.

Bailey. Shak.

Bait

BAIT, noun White Bait, a small fish of the Thames.

Baited

BA'ITED, participle passive Furnished with bait; allured; tempted.

2. Fed, or refreshed, on the road.

3. Harassed by dogs or other small animals; attacked.

Baiting

BA'ITING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with bait; tempting; alluring.

2. Feeding; refreshing at an inn.

3. Harassing, with dogs; attacking.

Baize

BAIZE, noun [Persian pozah, the nap or down of cloth; Spanish bausan, the same.]

A coarse woolen stuff, with a long nap, sometimes frized on one side, without wale, being wove with two treadles like flannel.

Chambers.

Bake

BAKE, verb transitive [Saxon bacan; Swedish baka; Danish bager; Dutch bakken; German backen; Gypsey, pekgum; Russian peku, to bake; pekar, a baker; Persian pochtan, to bake or cook.]

1. To heat, dry and harden, as in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire; to dress and prepare for food, in a close place heated; as, to bake bread.

2. To dry and harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln or furnace, or by the solar rays; as, to bake bricks; to bake the ground.

Bake

BAKE, verb intransitive To do the work of baking; as, she brews, washes and bakes.

2. To be baked; to dry and harden in heat; as, the bread bakes; the ground bakes in a hot sun.

Baked

BA'KED, participle passive Dried and hardened by heat; dressed in heat; as baked meat.

Bakehouse

BA'KEHOUSE, noun [bake and house.] A house or building for baking.

Bakemeats

BA'KEMEATS, noun Meats prepared for food in an oven. Genesis 40.

Baken

BA'KEN, participle passive The same as baked, and nearly obsolete.

Baker

BA'KER, noun One whose occupation is to bake bread, biscuit, &c.

Baker-Foot

BA'KER-FOOT, noun An ill-shaped or distorted foot.

Taylor.

Baker-Legged

BA'KER-LEGGED, adjective One who has crooked legs, or legs that bend inward at the knees.

Bakery

BA'KERY, noun The trade of a baker.

2. A place occupied with the business of baking bread, &c.

Smollett.

Baking

BA'KING, participle of the present tense Drying and hardening in heat; dressing or cooking in a close place, or in heat.

Baking

BA'KING, noun The quantity baked at once; as a baking of bread.

Balan

BAL'AN, noun A fish of a beautiful yellow, variegated with orange, a species of wrasse, caught on the shores of England.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Balance

BAL'ANCE, noun [French balance; Spanish balanza; Italian bilancia; Latin bilanx, bis, twice, and lanx, a dish, the double dish.]

1. A pair of scales, for weighing commodities. It consists of a beam or lever suspended exactly in the middle, with a scale or basin hung to each extremity, of precisely equal weight. The Roman balance, our steel-yard, consists of a lever or beam, movable on a center, and suspended near one of its extremities. Hence,

2. One of the simple powers in mechanics, used for determining the equality or difference of weight in heavy bodies, and consequently their masses or quantity of matter.

Encyc.

3. Figuratively, an impartial state of the mind, in deliberating; or a just estimate of the reasons and arguments on both sides of a question, which gives to each its due weight, or force and importance.

4. As balance signifies equal weight, or equality, it is by custom used for the weight or sum necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal; that which is necessary to bring them to a balance or equipoise. Hence, in accounts, balance is the difference of two sums; as upon an adjustment of accounts, a balance was found against A, in favor of B. Hence, to pay a balance, is to pay the difference and make the two accounts equal.

5. Balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic productions, and importation of foreign. But, usually, the term is applied to the difference between the amount or value of the commodities exported and imported. Hence the common expression, the balance of trade is against or in favor of a country.

6. Equipoise, or an equal state of power between nations; as the "balance of power."

7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the passions.

The balance of the mind.

Pope.

8. That which renders weight or authority equal.

The only balance attempted against the ancient kings, was a body of nobles.

J. Adams.

9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the beats.

10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called in Latin Libra, which the sun enters at the equinox in September.

The hydrostatic balance is an instrument to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies.

The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic operations, to determine the weight of minute bodies.

Balance

BAL'ANCE, verb transitive To adjust the weights in the scales of a balance so as to bring them to an equipoise. Hence,

2. To weigh reasons; to compare, by estimating the relative force, importance, or value of different things; as, to balance good and evil.

3. To regulate different powers, so as to keep them in a state of just proportion; as, to balance Europe, or the powers of Europe.

4. To counterpoise; to make of equal weight or force; to make equipollent; as, one species of attraction balances another.

One expression in the letter must check and balance another.

Kent.

5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to find the difference of two accounts, and to pay the balance, or difference, and make them equal.

6. In seamanship, to contract a sail, by rolling up a small part of it at one corner.

Mar. Dict.

Balance

BAL'ANCE, verb intransitive To have on each side equal weight; to be on a poise.

2. To hesitate; to fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force, as a balance plays when poised by equal weights.

Between right and wrong, never balance a moment.

Anon.

Balanced

BAL'ANCED, participle passive Charged with equal weights; standing on an equipoise; regulated so as to be equal; settled; adjusted; made equal in weight or amount.

Balance Fish

BAL'ANCE FISH, noun The zygaena, or marteau; a fish of the genus squalus, or shark kind. It is 6 feet long, and weighs 500 lbs. It has three or four rows of broad pointed and serrated teeth; has a horrible aspect, and is very voracious.

Encyc.

Balancer

BAL'ANCER, noun The person who weighs, or who uses a balance.

2. A member of an insect useful in balancing the body.

3. One skilled in balancing.

Balance-Reef

BAL'ANCE-REEF, noun A reef band that crosses a sail diagonally, used to contract it in a storm.

Mar. Dict.

Balancing

BAL'ANCING, participle of the present tense Charging with equal weights; being in a state of equipoise; bringing to a state of equality; regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal; settling; adjusting; paying a difference of accounts; hesitating; contracting a sail by rolling up one corner of it.

Balancing

BAL'ANCING, noun Equilibrium; poise.

Spenser.

Balanite

BAL'ANITE, noun A fossil shell of the genus Balanus.

Jameson.

Balass

BAL'ASS, or BAL'AS, noun [Spanish balax; French balais.]

A variety of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to orange. Its crystals are usually octahedrons, composed of two four-sided pyramids, applied base to base. [See Spinel.]

Cleaveland. Kirwan.

Balaustine

BALAUS'TINE, noun The wild pomegranate tree.

Coxe.

Balcony

BAL'CONY, noun [French balcon; Italian balcone; Spanish balcon; Portugese balcam; probably a jutting, as in bulk, belly, Welsh balc. In Pers. balkanah, is a cancellated window.]

In architecture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a house or other building, supported by columns, pillars or consoles, and encompassed with a balustrade. Balconies are common before windows.

Encyc.

Bald

BALD, a. bauld. [Spanish baldio, untilled, vacant, unfurnished; Portugese baldio, open, common; baldar, to frustrate.]

1. Destitute of hair, especially on the top and back of the head.

2. Destitute of the natural covering; as a bald oak.

3. Without feathers on the head; as a bald vulture.

4. Destitute of trees on the top; as a bald mountain.

5. Unadorned; inelegant; as a bald translation.

Dryden.

6. Mean; naked; base; without dignity or value.

Shak.

7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious.

8. Without beard or awn; as bald wheat.

Baldachin

BALD'ACHIN, or BALD'AQUIN, noun [Italian baldacchino; Spanish baldaquino, a rich silk or canopy, carried over the host. Du Cange. Lunier deduces it from the name of a city in Babylonia.]

In architecture, a building in form of a canopy, supported by columns, and often used as a covering to insulated altars; sometimes used for a shell over a door.

Encyc. Johnson.

Balderdash

BALD'ERDASH, noun [Qu. Spanish balda, a trifle, or baldonar, to insult with abusive language; Welsh baldorz, to prattle; Dutch bulderen.]

Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of words; ribaldry; any thing jumbled together without judgment.

Balderdash

BALD'ERDASH, verb transitive To mix or adulterate liquors.

Johnson.

Baldly

BALD'LY, adverb Nakedly; meanly; inelegantly; openly.

Baldness

BALD'NESS, noun Want of hair on the top and back of the head; loss of hair; meanness or inelegance of writing; want of ornament.

Baldpate

BALD'PATE, noun A pate without hair.

Shak.

Baldpated

BALD'PATED, adjective Destitute of hair; shorn of hair.

Shak.

Baldrick

BALD'RICK, noun [from Swedish balt, Irish balta, Latin balteus, a belt, and rick, rich. See these words.]

1. A girdle, or richly ornamented belt; a war girdle.

A radiant baldrick o'er his shoulders tied.

Pope.

2. The zodiac.

Spenser.

Bale

BALE, noun [French balle; German ballen; Dutch baal; Italian balla, a bale; Chaldee Arabic Hebrew, to bind, to pledge, and its derivative, in Arabic and Ethiopic, a rope.]

1. A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or transportation.

2. Formerly, a pair of dice.

Bale

BALE, verb transitive To make up in a bale.

Bale

BALE, noun [Saxon beal, bealo. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac and Arabic, to grieve or mourn, to be desolate, or, to destroy. In Irish bealu is to die, and abail, death.] Misery; calamity.

Obs.

Balearic

BALEAR'IC, adjective [from Balearis, the denomination given to Majorca and Minorca. Qu. from Greek, to throw, because the inhabitants were good slingers.]

Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and Minorca, in the Mediterranean sea.

Baleful

BA'LEFUL, adjective [See Bale.] Woeful; sad; sorrowful; full of grief; producing misery; as, a baleful smart; baleful eyes.

Spenser. Milton.

2. Mischievous; destructive; pernicious; calamitous; deadly; as, baleful enemies; baleful war.

Balefully

BA'LEFULLY, adverb Sorrowfully; perniciously; in a calamitous manner.

Balister

BALIS'TER, noun [Latin balista, from Greek, to throw.] A cross bow.

Blount.

Balize

BALIZE', noun [French balise; Spanish valiza, a beacon.] A sea-mark; a pole raised on a bank.

Balk

BALK, n. bauk. [Saxon balc; Welsh balc, a ridge between furrows; balc, prominent, swelling, proud; said to be from bal, a prominence; bala, eruption; balau, to shoot, spring or drive out.]

1. A ridge of land, left unplowed, between furrows, or at the end of a field.

2. A great beam, or rafter. [German balken; Dutch balk.]

3. Any thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing.

Spenser.

4. A frustration; disappointment.

South.

Balk

BALK, v. t. bauk. To disappoint; to frustrate.

Locke.

2. To leave untouched; to miss or omit.

Drayton.

3. To pile, as in a heap or ridge.

Shak.

4. To turn aside; to talk beside one's meaning. Obs.

Spenser.

5. To plow, leaving balks.

Balked

BALK'ED, participle passive Plowed in ridges between furrows, as in American husbandry.

2. Frustrated; disappointed.

Balker

BALK'ER, noun One who balks. In fishery, balkers are persons who stand on rocks and eminences to espy the sholes of herring, and to give notice to the men in boats, which way they pass.

Encyc. Cowel.

Balking

BALK'ING, participle of the present tense. Plowing in ridges; frustrating.

Ball

BALL, noun [German ball; Dutch bal; Swedish ball; Danish ballon; Russian bal; Spanish bala, bola; Italian palla; Latin pila; Welsh pÃƒ-ªl, pellen; Armoric bolat; French balle, boule. A ball may signify a mass from collecting, or it may be that which is driven, from the root of Latin pello; probably the former.]

1. A round body; a spherical substance, whether natural or artificial; or a body nearly round; as, a ball for play; a ball of thread; a ball of snow.

2. A bullet; a ball of iron or lead for cannon, muskets, &c.

3. A printer's ball, consisting of hair or wool, covered with leather or skin, and fastened to a stock, called a ball-stock, and used to put ink on the types in the forms.

4. The globe or earth, from its figure.

5. A globe borne as an ensign of authority; as, to hold the ball of a kingdom.

Bacon.

6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant; as, the eye ball; the ball of the thumb or foot.

7. The weight at the bottom of a pendulum.

8. Among the Cornish miners in England, a tin mine.

9. In pyrotechnics, a composition of combustible ingredients, which serve to burn, smoke or give light.

Ball-stock, among printers, a stock somewhat hollow at one end, to which balls of skin, stuffed with wool, are fastened, and which serves as a handle.

Ball-vein, among miners, a sort of iron ore, found in loose masses, of a circular form, containing sparkling particles.

Encyc.

Ball and socket, an instrument used in surveying and astronomy, made of brass, with a perpetual screw, to move horizontally, obliquely, or vertically.

Puff-ball, in botany, the Lycoperdon, a genus of funguses.

Fire-ball, a meteor; a luminous globe darting through the atmosphere; also, a bag of canvas filled with gunpowder, sulphur, pitch, saltpeter, &c., to be thrown by the hand, or from mortars. to set fire to houses.

Ball

BALL, noun [French bal; Italian ballo; Spanish bayle, a dance; Italian ballare, to dance, to shake; Greek, to toss or throw; or, to leap.]

An entertainment of dancing; originally and peculiarly, at the invitation and expense of an individual; but the word is used in America, for a dance at the expense of the attendants.

Ball

BALL, verb intransitive To form into a ball, as snow on horses' hoofs, or on the feet. We say the horse balls, or the snow balls.

Ballad

BAL'LAD, noun [Italian ballata, a ball, a dance, a ballad; French ballade, a song, and baladin, a dancer. See Ball.]

A song; originally, a solemn song of praise; but now a meaner kind of popular song.

Watts.

Ballad

BAL'LAD, verb intransitive To make or sing ballads.

Shak.

Ballader

BAL'LADER, noun A writer of ballads.

Overbury.

Ballad-Maker

BAL'LAD-MAKER, noun A maker or composer of ballads.

Shak.

Ballad-Monger

BAL'LAD-MONGER, noun [See Monger.] A dealer in writing ballads.

Shak.

Balladry

BAL'LADRY, noun The subject or style of ballads.

B. Jonson.

Ballad-Singer

BAL'LAD-SINGER, noun One whose employment is to sing ballads.

Ballad-Style

BAL'LAD-STYLE, noun The air or manner of a ballad.

Ballad-Tune

BAL'LAD-TUNE, noun The tune of a ballad.

Warton.

Ballad-Writer

BAL'LAD-WRITER, noun A composer of ballads.

Warton.

Ballarag

BAL'LARAG, verb transitive To bully; to threaten. [Not in use.]

Warton.

Ballast

BAL'LAST, noun [Saxon bat, a boat, with last, a load; Dutch German and Danish last; Welsh llwyth; Armoric lastr, a load; bat-last, boat-load, corrupted into ballast; Russian ballast; French lest; Spanish lastre.]

1. Heavy matter, as stone, sand or iron, laid on the bottom of a ship or other vessel, to sink it in the water, to such a depth, as to enable it to carry sufficient sail, without oversetting.

Shingle ballast is ballast of coarse gravel.

Mar. Dict.

2. Figuratively, that which is used to make a thing steady.

Swift.

Ballast

BAL'LAST, verb transitive To place heavy substances on the bottom of a ship or vessel, to keep it from oversetting.

2. To keep any thing steady, by counterbalancing its force.

Dryden.

Ballasted

BAL'LASTED, participle passive Furnished with ballast; kept steady by a counterpoising force.

Ballasting

BAL'LASTING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with ballast; keeping steady.

Ballasting

BAL'LASTING, noun Ballast; that which is used for ballast.

Shak.

Ballated

BAL'LATED, adjective Sung in a ballad. [Little used.]

Ballatoon

BALLATOON', noun A heavy luggage boat employed on the rivers about the Caspian Lake.

Encyc.

Ballatry

BAL'LATRY, noun A song; a jig.

Milton.

Ballet

BAL'LET, noun [French ballet; Italian balletto. See Ball, a dance.]

1. A kind of dance; an interlude; a comic dance, consisting of a series of several airs, with different movements, representing some subject or action.

2. A kind of dramatic poem, representing some fabulous action or subject, in which several persons appear and recite things, under the name of some deity or personage.

Encyc.

In heraldry, ballets or balls, a bearing in coats of arms, denominated according to their color, bezants, plates, hurts, &c.

Encyc.

Balliage

BAL'LIAGE, or more correctly bÃƒ-¡ilage, noun [Irish baile, a town.]

A small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even by denizens, for certain commodities exported by them.

Encyc.

Balliards

BALLIARDS. [See Billiards.]

Ballister

BALLISTER. [See Baluster.]

Ballistic

BALLIS'TIC, adjective [Latin balista, an engine to throw stones, or shoot darts, from Greek, to throw or shoot.]

Pertaining to the balista, or to the art of shooting darts, and other missive weapons, by means of an engine.

Ballistics

BALLIS'TICS, noun The science or art of throwing missive weapons, by the use of an engine. The balista was a machine resembling a cross-bow.

Encyc. Math. Dict. Ash.

Balloon

BALLOON', noun [French ballon, a foot-ball; Spanish balon; Italian pallone; Welsh pelhen, from pÃƒ-ªl, a a ball. See Ball.]

1. In general, any spherical hollow body.

Encyc.

2. In chimistry, a round vessel with a short neck, to receive whatever is distilled; a glass receiver of a spherical form.

3. In architecture, a ball or globe, on the top of a pillar.

4. In fireworks, a ball of pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to be played off, when fired, either in the air, or in water, which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of fire like stars.

Johnson. Encyc.

5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, played in an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with wind.

Encyc.

6. A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the atmosphere; called for distinction, an air-balloon.

7. In France, a quantity of paper, containing 24 reams. [See Bale.]

8. In France, balloon, ballon or ballot, a quantity of glass plates; of white glass, 25 bundles of six plates each; of colored glass, 121-2 bundles of three plates each.

Encyc.

Balloon

BALLOON', or BAL'LOEN, noun A state barge of Siam, made of a single piece of timber, very long, and managed with oars.

Encyc.

Ballot

BAL'LOT, noun [French ballotte; Spanish balota, a little ball. See Ball.]

1. A ball used in voting. Ballots are of different colors; those of one color give an affirmative; those of another, a negative. They are privately put into a box or urn.

2. A ticket or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot, is now called by the same name.

3. The act of voting by balls or tickets.

Ballot

BAL'LOT, verb intransitive To vote by ballot, that is, by putting little balls of different colors into a box, the greater number of one color or the other determining the result.

2. To vote by written papers or tickets.

Ballotade

BAL'LOTADE, or BAL'OTADE, noun In the menage, a leap of a horse between two pillars, or upon a strait line, so that when his fore feet are in the air, he shews nothing but the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out. In a capriole, the horse yerks out his hind legs.

Farrier's Dict. Encyc.

Ballotation

BALLOTA'TION, noun A voting by ballot. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Ballot-Box

BAL'LOT-BOX, noun A box for receiving ballots.

Balm

B`ALM, n. bÃƒ- m. [French baume, a contraction of balsam, which see.]

1. The sap or juice of trees or shrubs remarkably odoriferous or aromatic.

Dryden.

2. Any fragrant or valuable ointment.

Shak.

3. Any thing which heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain.

Shak. Young.

4. In botany, the name of several plants, particularly of the genus Melissa. They are aromatic and used as corroborants.

Balm of Gilead. A plant of the genus Amyris. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this plant is obtained the balm of Gilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca or of Syria. It has a yellowish or greenish color, a warm bitterish aromatic taste, and an acidulous fragrant smell. It is valued as an odoriferous unguent, and cosmetic, by the Turks, who possess the country of its growth, and hence it is adulterated for market.

Encyc.

Balm

B`ALM, verb transitive To anoint with balm, or with any thing medicinal.

2. To soothe; to mitigate; to assuage.

Shak.

Balmy

B`ALMY, adjective Having the qualities of balm; aromatic.

Milton.

2. Producing.balm; as the balmy tree.

Pope.

3. Soothing; soft; mild; as balmy slumbers.

Dryden.

4. Fragrant; odoriferous; as balmy wings.

Dryden.

5. Mitigating; easing; assuaging; as balmy breath.

Shak.

Balneal

BAL'NEAL, adjective [Latin balneum.] Pertaining to a bath.

Howell.

Balneary

BAL'NEARY, noun [Latin balnearium, from balneum. Syriac balna, bath.]

A bathing room.

Brown.

Balneation

BALNEA'TION, noun The act of bathing.

Brown.

Balneatory

BAL'NEATORY, adjective Belonging to a bath or stove.

Johnson.

Balsam

BAL'SAM, noun [Greek; Latin balsamum.]

An oily, aromatic, resinous substance, flowing spontaneously or by incision, from certain plants. A great variety of substances pass under this denomination. But in modern chimistry, the term is confined to such vegetable juices, as are liquid or spontaneously become concrete, and consist of a resinous substance, combined with benzoic acid, or capable of affording it by decoction or sublimation. The balsams are either liquid or solid; of the former, are the balm of Gilead and the balsams of copaiba,

Peru and tolu; of the latter, benzoin, dragon's blood, and storax.

Encyc. Nicholson. Ure.

Balsam apple, an annual Indian plant, included under the genus Momordica. A water and a subtil oil are obtained from it, which are commended as deobstruents.

Balsam tree. This name is given to a genus of plants called Clusia; to another, called Copaifera, which produces the balsam of Copaiba; and to a third, called Pistacia, turpentine tree or mastich tree.

Balsam of Sulphur is a solution of sulphur in oil.

Balsam of Tolu is the produce of the Toluifera, or Tolu tree, of South America. It is of a reddish yellow color, transparent, thick and tenacious, but growing hard and brittle by age. It is very fragrant, and like the Balsam of Peru, is a stimulant, and used as a pectoral.

Encyc. Linne.

Balsam of Peru, the produce of a tree in Peru, possessing strong stimulant qualities.

Balsamation

BALSAMA'TION, noun The act of rendering balsamic.

Balsamic

BALSAM'IC, or BALSAM'ICAL, adjective Having the qualities of balsam; stimulating; unctuous; soft; mitigating; mild.

Arbuthnot.

Balsamic

BALSAM'IC, noun A warm, stimulating, demulcent medicine, of a smooth and oily consistence.

Coxe.

Balsamine

BAL'SAMINE, noun Touch-me-not, or Impatiens, a genus of plants.

Encyc.

Balsam-Sweating

BAL'SAM-SWEATING, adjective Yielding balsam.

Crashaw.

Baltic

BALT'IC, noun [From balte, belt, from certain straits or channels, surrounding its isles, called belts. See Belt.]

The sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Holstein and Germany.

Baltic

BALT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the sea of that name; situated on the Baltic sea.

Each Baltic state to join the righteous cause.

Barlow.

Baluster

BAL'USTER, noun [Italian balaustro; Spanish balaustre; French balustre; from Latin palus; pole, pale. This is corrupted into bannister, which I have rejected.]

A small column or pilaster, of various forms and dimensions, often adorned with moldings, used for balustrades.

Balustered

BAL'USTERED, adjective Having balusters.

Soames.

Balustrade

BAL'USTRADE, noun [Spanish balaustrado; Italian balaustrata; French balustrade; from baluster.]

A row of balusters, joined by a rail, serving as a fence or inclosure, for altars, balconies, stair-cases, terraces, tops of buildings, &c.

Encyc. Johnson.

Bam

BAM or BEAM, as an initial syllable in names of places, signifies wood; implying that the place took its name from a grove, or forest. German baum, a tree.

Bamboo

BAM'BOO, noun A plant of the reed kind, or genus Arundo, growing in the East Indies, and in some other warm climates, and sometimes attaining to the height of 60 feet. From the main root, which is long, thick and jointed, spring several round, jointed stalks, which at 10 or 12 feet from the ground, send out from their joints several stalks which are united at their base. These are armed, at their joints, with one or two sharp rigid spines, and furnished with oblong, oval leaves, eight or nine inches long, on short footstalks. The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable, as to be used for building and for all sorts of furniture, for waterpipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, &c.

Encyc.

Bamboozle

BAMBOO'ZLE, verb transitive To confound; to deceive; to play low tricks. [A low word.]

Arbuthnot.

Bamboozler

BAMBOO'ZLER, noun A cheat; one who plays low tricks.

Arbuthnot.

Ban

BAN, noun [Saxon bannan, abannan, to proclaim; Italian bando, a proclamation; Spanish and Portugese bando; French ban; Armoric ban; Dutch ban, bannen; German id; Swedish banna, to revile; Danish band, ban, outlawry; forbander, to curse. Hence banish. The radical sense is to send, thrust or drive. Class Bn. No. 3.]

1. A public proclamation or edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory.

In a more particular sense,

2. Notice of a marriage proposed, or of a matrimonial contract, proclaimed in a church, that any person may object, if he knows of any kindred between the parties, of any precontract or other just cause, why the marriage should not take place.

3. An edict of interdiction or proscription. Hence to put a prince under the ban of the empire, is to divest him of his dignities, and to interdict all intercourse and all offices of humanity with the offender. Sometimes whole cities have been put under the ban, that is, deprived of their rights and privileges.

Encyc.

4. Interdiction; prohibition.

Milton.

5. Curse; excommunication; anathema.

Raleigh.

6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban.

7. A mulct paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege and other crimes.

8. In military affairs, a proclamation by beat of drum, requiring a strict observance of discipline, either for declaring a new officer, or for punishing an offender.

9. In commerce, a smooth fine muslin, imported from the E. Indies.

Encyc.

Ban

BAN, verb transitive To curse; to execrate.

Shak. Knolles.

Ban

BAN, verb intransitive To curse.

Spenser.

Banana

BAN`ANA, noun A species of the genus Musa, or plantain tree, and its fruit. It rises 15 or 20 feet high, with a soft stalk, marked with dark purple stripes and spots, with leaves six feet long, and a foot broad. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a sheath of a fine purple color. The fruit is four or five inches long, and an inch or more in diameter; the pulp soft and of a luscious taste. When ripe, it is eaten raw, or fried in slices. Bananas grow in large bunches weighing a dozen pounds or more. This tree is the native of tropical countries, and on many isles, constitutes an important article of food.

Encyc.

Band

BAND, noun [Saxon banda; Swedish band; Danish baand; Dutch band; German band, binde; Spanish banda,

venda; Portugese Italian banda; Irish banna; Pers. band; Sanscrit bande, bunda; French bande. See Bind and Bend.]

1. A fillet; a cord; a tie; a chain; any narrow ligament with which a thing is bound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things are confined together.

2. In architecture, any flat low member or molding, broad but not deep, called also fascia, face or plinth.

Johnson. Encyc.

3. Figuratively, any chain; any means of restraint; that which draws or confines.

Dryden.

4. Means of union or connection between persons; as, Hymen's bands.

Shak.

5. Any thing bound round or encircling another.

Bacon.

6. Something worn about the neck; as the bands of clergymen.

Addison.

7. A company of soldiers; the body of men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefinitely, a troop, a body of armed men. 2 Kings 6.

8. A company of persons united in any common design; as a band of brothers.

9. A slip of canvas, sewed across a sail to strengthen it.

Mar. Dict.

The band of pensioners in England, is a company of 120 gentlemen, who receive a yearly allowance of Ãƒ--100 st., for attending the king on solemn occasions.

Encyc.

The bands of a saddle are two pieces of iron nailed upon the bows, to hold them in their proper situation.

Johnson.

Band

BAND, verb transitive To bind together; to bind over with a band.

Dryden.

2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy.

Milton.

Band

BAND, verb intransitive To unite; to associate; to confederate for some common purpose. Acts 23.

Bandage

BAND'AGE, noun [French] A fillet, roller, or swath, used in dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemorrhages, and joining fractured and dislocated bones. Sometimes, the act or practice of applying bandages.

2. Something resembling a bandage; that which is bound over another.

Addison.

Bandana

BANDAN'A, noun A species of silk handker-chief.

Bandbox

BAND'BOX, noun A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, muffs, or other light articles.

Addison.

Banded

BAND'ED, participle passive Bound with a band; united in a band.

Bander

BAND'ER, noun One that bands or associates with others.

Banderet

BAND'ERET, noun [from band.] In Swisserland, a general in chief of military forces.

Bandied

BAND'IED, participle passive Beat or tossed to and fro; agitated; controverted without ceremony.

Banding

BAND'ING, participle of the present tense Binding with a band; uniting in a band or company.

Bandit

BAN'DIT, noun plu. BAN'DITS or BANDIT'TI, [Italian bandito, from bandire, to proclaim, to banish or proscribe by proclamation. Bandito, is the participle. Spanish bandido. See Ban.]

An outlaw; also in a general sense, a robber; a highwayman; a lawless or desperate fellow.

Bandle

BAN'DLE, noun An Irish measure of two feet in length.

Bailey.

Bandlet

BAND'LET, or BAND'ELET, noun [French bandelette.]

Any little band or flat molding, as that which crowns the Doric architrave.

Encyc.

Bandog

BAN'DOG, noun A large species of dog.

Shak. Spenser.

Bandoleers

BANDOLEE'RS, noun [Spanish bandolera; Italian bandoliera; French bandouliere; band and Dutch leer, leather.]

A large leathern belt, thrown over the right shoulder, and hanging under the left arm; worn by ancient musketeers for sustaining their fire arms, and their musket charges, which being put into little wooden cases, and coated with leather, were hung, to the number of twelve, to each bandoleer.

Encyc.

Bandon

BAN'DON, noun Disposal; license. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Bandore

BAN'DORE, noun [Spanish bandurria; Greek.]

A musical stringed instrument, like a lute.

Encyc.

Bandrol

BAND'ROL, noun [French banderole; Italian banderuola; Spanish banderolas; literally, a little banner. See Banner.]

1. A little flag or streamer, in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of vessels.

Encyc.

2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a trumpet.

Johnson.

Bandstring

BAND'STRING, noun A string appendant to a band.

Taylor.

Bandy

BAND'Y, noun [French bander, to tie, bind, bend, bandy; Latin pando.]

A club for striking a ball at play.

Johnson.

Bandy

BAND'Y, verb transitive To beat to and fro, as a ball in play.

2. To exchange; to give and receive reciprocally; as, to bandy looks.

Shak.

3. To agitate; to toss about, as from man to man.

Let not known truth be bandied in disputation.

Watts.

Bandy

BAND'Y, verb intransitive To contend, as at some game, in which each strives to drive the ball his own way.

Shak.

Bandying

BAND'YING, participle of the present tense Beating, impelling or tossing from one to another; agitating in controversy without ceremony.

Bandy-Leg

BAND'Y-LEG, noun [bandy and leg. See Bend.]

A crooked leg; a leg bending inward or outward.

Encyc.

Bandy-Legged

BAND'Y-LEGGED, adjective Having crooked legs.

Bane

BANE, noun [Qu. the affinities. In Saxon bana, is a murderer; in Greek, is to kill; in Latin venenum is poison; French venin; Armoric benym or vinym.]

Poison of a deadly quality; hence, any fatal cause of mischief, injury or destruction; as, vice is the bane of society.

Bane

BANE, verb transitive To poison.

Shak.

Bane Berry

BA'NE BERRY, noun A name of the herb christopher, actaea, or aconitum racemosum.

Baneful

BA'NEFUL, adjective Poisonous; pernicious; destructive.

Banefully

BA'NEFULLY, adverb Perniciously; destructively.

Banefulness

BA'NEFULNESS, noun Poisonousness; destructiveness.

Bane Wort

BA'NE WORT, noun [See Wort.] A plant, called also deadly nightshade.

Johnson.

Bang

BANG, verb transitive [Danish banker, to beat; German bÃƒ-¤ngel, a club, and the clapper of a bell; Dutch bengel, a bell; Irish beanaim, to beat.]

1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to thump; to cudgel. [A low word.]

2. To beat or handle roughly; to treat with violence.

Shak.

Bang

BANG, noun A blow with a club; a heavy blow.

Shak.

Bangle

BAN'GLE, verb transitive To waste by little and little; to squander carelessly.

Johnson.

Banian

BAN'IAN, noun A man's undress or morning gown, as worn by the Banians in the E. Indies.

Johnson.

2. A Gentoo servant, employed as an agent in commerce.

Herbert.

3. A tree in India.

Milton.

Banian days, in seamen's language, are three days in a week, in which the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use of the term seems to be borrowed from the Banians in Asia, who, believing in a metempsychosis, will eat no flesh, nor even kill noxious animals.

Banish

BAN'ISH, verb transitive [French bannir, bannissant; whence bannissement, banishment; Armoric embanna, to publish; forbana and forbaniza, to banish; Italian bandire; Dutch bannen; German verbannen, ausbannen. See Ban.]

1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the prince or government, either for life or for a limited time. It is common for Russians to be banished to Siberia.

2. To drive away; to compel to depart; as, to banish sorrow.

3. To quit one's country voluntarily, and with a view to reside abroad; as, he banished himself.

Banished

BAN'ISHED, participle passive Compelled to leave one's country; driven away.

Banisher

BAN'ISHER, noun One who compels another to quit his country.

Banishing

BAN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Compelling to quit one's country; driving away.

Banishment

BAN'ISHMENT, noun The act of a prince or government, compelling a citizen to leave his country, either for a limited time or forever, as for some crime.

2. A voluntary forsaking of one's country upon oath, called abjuration. [This practice has now ceased in German Britain.]

3. The state of being banished; exile.

4. The act of driving away or dispelling; as the banishment of care from the mind.

Bank

BANK, noun [Saxon banc; Dutch and German bank; Swedish banck; Danish banke; Italian banco; Spanish Portugese banca, banco; French banc, banque; Welsh banc; Armoric bancq; Arabic bank, a bench. Bank and bench are radically the same word. The sense is, that which is set, laid or extended. Applied to a mass of earth, it is a collection, that which is thrown or laid together.]

1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding plain, either as a defense or for other purposes. 2 Samuel 20:15.

2. Any steep acclivity, whether rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side of a ravine, or the steep side of a hillock on a plain. When we speak of the earth in general adjoining a lake or the sea, we use the word shore; but a particular steep acclivity on the side of a lake, river or the sea, is called a bank.

3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a galley; so called from their seat.

Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojans sweep.

Waller.

4. By analogy, a collection or stock of money, deposited, by a number of persons, for a particular use; that is, an aggregate of particulars, or a fund; as, to establish a bank, that is a joint fund.

5. The place where a collection of money is deposited; a common repository of the money of individuals or of companies; also a house used for a bank.

6. A company of persons concerned in a bank, whether a private association, or an incorporated company; the stockholders of a bank, or their representatives, the directors, acting in their corporate capacity.

7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea; called also flats, shoals shelves or shallows. These may rise to the surface of the water or near to it; but the word bank signifies also elevated ground at the bottom of the sea, when many fathoms below the surface, as the banks of Newfoundland.

Bank

BANK, verb transitive To raise a mound or dyke; to inclose, defend or fortify with a bank; as, to bank a house.

2. To pass by the banks of.

As I have bank'd their towns.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

3. To lay up or deposit money in a bank.

[Little used.]

Johnson.

Bankable

BANK'ABLE, adjective Receivable at a bank, as bills; or discountable, as notes. [Of recent origin.]

Bank-Bill

BANK-BILL, or BANK-NOTE, noun A promissory note, issued by a banking company, signed by their President and countersigned by the Cashier, payable to the bearer in gold or silver at the bank, on demand. If payable to order, the note is called a post-note.

Banked

BANK'ED, participle passive Raised in a ridge or mound of earth; inclosed, or fortified with a bank.

Banker

BANK'ER, noun One who keeps a bank; one who trafficks in money, receives and remits money, negotiates bills of exchange, &c.

2. A vessel employed in the codfishery on the banks of Newfoundland.

Mar. Dict.

Banking

BANK'ING, participle of the present tense Raising a mound or bank; inclosing with a bank. When we speak of restraining water, we usually call it banking; when we speak of defending the land, we call it imbanking.

Encyc.

Banking

BANK'ING, noun The business or employment of a banker; the business of establishing a common fund for lending money, discounting notes, issuing bills, receiving deposits, collecting the money on notes deposited, negotiating bills of exchange, &c.

Bankrupt

BANK'RUPT, noun [French banqueroute; Spanish bancarrota, bankruptcy, bank and Spanish roto, Portugese roto, Italian rotto, broken; rout, defeat. This may signify bench-broken, or bank-broken; most probably the latter, referring to the fund or stock. The last syllable is the Latin ruptus contracted; Norm. roupt, rous, broken.]

1. A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors.

Blackstone.

2. In a less technical sense, a trader who fails or becomes unable to pay his just debts; an insolvent trader. In strictness, no person but a trader can be a bankrupt. Bankruptcy is applied to merchants and traders; insolvency, to other persons.

Bankrupt

BANK'RUPT, adjective Having committed acts of bankruptcy; unable to pay just debts; insolvent.

Bankrupt

BANK'RUPT, verb transitive To break one in trade; to make insolvent.

Bankruptcy

BANK'RUPTCY, noun The state of being a bankrupt, or insolvent; inability to pay all debts.

2. The act of becoming a bankrupt; the act of rendering one's self a bankrupt, as by absconding, or otherwise; failure in trade.

Bankrupted

BANK'RUPTED, participle passive Rendered insolvent.

Bankrupting

BANK'RUPTING, participle of the present tense Breaking in trade; rendering insolvent.

Bankrupt-Law

BANK'RUPT-LAW, noun A law, which, upon a bankrupt's surrendering all his property to commissioners for the benefit of his creditors, discharges him from the payment of his debts, and all liability to arrest or suit for the same, and secures his future acquired property from a liability to the payment of his past debts.

Bankrupt-System

BANKRUPT-SYSTEM, noun A system of laws and legal proceedings in regard to bankrupts and their property.

Bank-Stock

BANK-STOCK, noun A share or shares in the capital stock of a bank.

Banner

BAN'NER, noun [French banniere; Welsh baner; Italian bandiera; Spanish bandera; German fahne and panier; Dutch vaan and vaandel; from Gothic fana, cloth; Saxon fana; Latin pannus; Irish fuan, cloth.]

1. A square flag; a military ensign; the principal standard of a prince or state.

Encyc.

2. A streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere.

Johnson.

3. In botany, the upper petal of a papilionaceous corol.

Martyn.

Bannered

BAN'NERED, adjective Furnished with or bearing banners.

Milton.

Shield the strong foes, and rake the bannered shore.

Barlow.

Banneret

BAN'NERET, noun [French from banner.] A knight made in the field. Bannerets formerly constituted an order of knights or feudal lords, who led their vassals to battle under their own flags. On the day of battle, the candidates presented their flags to the king or general, who cut off the train or skirt, and made it square. They were then called knights of the square flag. They were a middle order between barons and simple knights.

Spelman. Encyc.

Bannerol

BAN'NEROL, [See Bandrol.]

Bannock

BAN'NOCK, noun [Irish boinneog.] A cake made of oatmeal or peas-meal, baked on an iron plate over the fire; used in Scotland, and the northern counties of England.

Johnson.

Banoy

BAN'OY, noun A species of hawk, somewhat larger than the English sparrow hawk; the back and wings yellow, and the belly white; a native of the Philippine isles.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Banquet

BAN'QUET, noun [French banquet; Armoric bancqed, or banvez; Italian banchetto, a little seat, a feast; Spanish banqueta, a stool with three legs; banquete, a banquet. From these words, it would appear that banquet is a sitting and hence a feast, and not, as supposed, from the oriental, to feed or bring up delicately.]

A feast; a rich entertainment of meat and drink. Esther 5. Job 41. Amos 6.

Banquet

BAN'QUET, verb transitive To treat with a feast, or rich entertainment.

Shak.

Banquet

BAN'QUET, verb intransitive To feast; to regale one's self with good eating and drinking.

Shak.

Banqueted

BAN'QUETED, participle passive Feasted; richly entertained at the table.

Banqueter

BAN'QUETER, noun A feaster; one who lives deliciously.

2. One who makes feasts, or rich entertainments.

Banqueting

BAN'QUETING, participle of the present tense Feasting; entertaining with rich fare.

2. Partaking of rich fare.

Banqueting

BAN'QUETING, noun A feast; luxurious living; rich entertainment. 1 Peter 4.

Banqueting-House

BAN'QUETING-HOUSE, or BAN'QUET-HOUSE, noun A house where entertainments are made.

Cant. xxiv. Danish v.

Banqueting-Room

BAN'QUETING-ROOM, noun A saloon, or spacious hall for public entertainments.

Encyc.

Banquette

BANQUETTE or BANQUET, noun banket'. [French] In fortification, a little raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy in the moat or coverered way.

Encyc.

Banshee

BAN'SHEE or BEN'SHI, noun An Irish fairy.

Todd.

Banstickle

BAN'STICKLE, noun A small fish, called also stickle-back. This fish falls under the genus Gasterosteus.

Banter

BAN'TER, verb transitive [Greek, whence, to mock, or deride.]

To play upon in words and in good humor; to rally; to joke, or jest with. Banter hardly amounts to ridicule, much less to derision. It consists in being pleasant and witty with the actions of another, and raising a humorous laugh at his expense, often attended with some degree of sarcasm.

Banter

BAN'TER, noun A joking or jesting; raillery; wit or humor; pleasantry.

Bantered

BAN'TERED, participle passive Rallied; laughed at in good humor.

Banterer

BAN'TERER, noun One who banters, or laughs at with pleasantry.

Bantering

BAN'TERING, participle of the present tense Joking; laughing at with good humor.

Bantling

BANT'LING, noun [German bankart. Qu.] A young child; an infant.

Baptism

BAP'TISM, noun [Greek, from, from, to baptize; Spanish bautizar; Italian battezzare; Portugese bautizar, or baptizar. These seem to be from the Greek, by contraction. But the Armoric badeza, badein, may be from bath, bad, water.]

1. The application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is usually performed by sprinkling or immersion.

2. The sufferings of Christ. Matthew 20:22. 23.

3. So much of the gospel as was preached by John, the Baptist. Acts 18.

Cruden.

Baptismal

BAPTIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to baptism; as a baptismal vow.

Baptist

BAP'TIST, noun One who administers baptism. This appellation is appropriately given to John, the forerunner of Christ.

2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one who denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that baptism ought to be administered only to adults by immersing the body in water.

Baptistery

BAP'TISTERY, noun [Latin baptisterium.] A place where the sacrament of baptism is administered. Primitively, baptisteries were in buildings separate from the church; but in the sixth century, they were taken into the church-porch, and afterwards into the church itself.

Encyc.

Baptistic

BAPTIS'TIC, or BAPTIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to baptism.

Bramhall.

Baptize

BAPTI'ZE, verb transitive [See Baptism.] To administer the sacrament of baptism to; to christen. By some denominations of christians, baptism is performed by plunging, or immersing the whole body in water, and this is done to none but adults. More generally the ceremony is performed by sprinkling water on the face of a person, whether an infant or an adult, and in the case of an infant, by giving him a name, in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, which is called Christening.

Baptized

BAPTI'ZED, participle passive Having received baptism; christened.

Baptizer

BAPTI'ZER, noun One who christens, or administers baptism.

Baptizing

BAPTI'ZING, participle of the present tense Administering baptism to; christening.

Bar

B`AR, noun [Welsh bar; Irish barra; French barre; Spanish barra; Portugese id; Italian barra, sbarra; Armoric barren, sparl; Hebrew; Chaldee. If these words are the bar, the sense is a shoot, that which shoots, passes or is driven.]

1. A piece of wood, iron or other solid matter, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction; as the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door or hatchway. Numbers 3:36. Exodus 26:26.

2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends; an obstruction; a fortification. Amos 1.

Must I new bars to my own joy create.

Dryden.

3. The shore of the sea, which restrains its waters. Job 38.

4. The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence the phrase, at the bar of the court, signifies in open court. Hence also licensed lawyers are called barristers; and hence the whole body of lawyers licensed in a court, are customarily called the bar. A trial at bar, in England, is a trial in the courts of Westminster, opposed to a trial at Nisi Prius, in the circuits.

5. Figuratively, any tribunal; as the bar of public opinion. Thus the final trial of men is called the bar of God.

6. The inclosed place of a tavern, inn or coffee house, where the landlord or his servant delivers out liquors, and waits upon customers.

Addison.

7. A bank of sand, gravel or earth, forming a shoal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing entrance, or rendering it difficult.

8. A rock in the sea, according to Brown; or any thing by which structure is held together, according to Johnson; used in Jonah 2.

9. Any thing laid across another, as bars in heraldry, stripes in color, and the like.

10. In the menage, the highest part of the place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and tusks, so that the part of the mouth which lies under and at the side of the bars, retains the name of the gum. Encyc. The upper part of the gums, which bears no teeth, and to which the bit is applied.

Johnson.

11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicularly across the lines of the staff, including between each two, a certain quantity of time, or number of beats.

12. In law, a peremptory exception sufficient to destroy the plaintiff's action. It is divided into a bar to common intendment, and bar special; bar temporary and bar perpetual. Bar to common intendment is an ordinary or general bar, which disables the declaration of the plaintiff. A special bar is more than ordinary, as a fine, release, or justification. A temporary bar is that which is good for a time, but may afterwards cease. A perpetual bar overthrows the action of the plaintiff forever.

Blackstone. Cowel.

13. A bar of gold or silver, is an ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought in the forge and hammered from a pig.

14. Among printers, the iron with a wooden handle, by which the screw of the press is turned.

15. In the African trade, a denomination of price; payment formerly being made to the Africans in iron bars.

Johnson.

Bar

B`AR, verb transitive To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door, or gate.

2. To hinder; to obstruct, or prevent; as, to bar the entrance of evil.

3. To prevent; to exclude; to hinder; to make impracticable; as, the distance between us bars our intercourse. In this sense, the phrase is often varied, thus: the distance bars me from his aid, or bars him from my aid.

4. To prohibit; to restrain or exclude by express or implied prohibition; as, the statute bars my right; the law bars the use of poisoned weapons.

5. To obstruct, prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle; as, the right is barred by time, or by statute; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery.

6. To except; to exclude by exception; as, I bar to night.

Shak.

7. To cross with stripes of a different color.

8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an operation upon the legs of a horse, or other parts, to stop malignant humors. This is done by opening the skin above a vein, disengaging it and tying it both above and below, and striking between the two ligatures.

Johnson.

9. To adorn with trappings; a contraction of barb. [See Barb.]

Drayton. Haywood.

Barb

B`ARB, noun [Latin barba; Welsh barv; Cornish bar; Armoric baro. This is beard, with a different ending. The sense may be, that which shoots out.]

1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it; as the barb of a fish, the smaller claws of the polypus, &c.

Johnson. Coxe.

2. The down, or pubes, covering the surface of some plants; or rather, a tuft or bunch of strong hairs terminating leaves.

Linne. Milne.

3. Anciently, armor for horses; formerly, barbe or barde.

Hayward.

4. A common name of the barbary pigeon, a bird of a black or dun color.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

5. A horse from Barbary, of which it seems to be a contraction.

6. The points that stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook or other instrument for piercing, intended to prevent its being extracted.

7. In botany, a straight process armed with teech pointing backward like the sting of a bee. This is one sort of pubescence.

Martyn.

Barb

B`ARB, verb transitive To shave; to dress the beard. Obs.

Shak.

2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish hook, spear, or other instrument.

3. To put armor on a horse.

Milton.

Barbacan

B`ARBACAN, noun [French barbacane; Spanish barbacana; Italian barbacane. Qu. a projecting work.]

1. A fortification or outer defense to a city or castle, consisting of an elevation of earth about three feet high, along the foot of the rampart.

Encyc. Johnson. Spanish Dict.

2. A fortress at the end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers.

Encyc.

3. An opening in the wall of a fortress through which guns are leveled and fired upon an enemy.

Johnson. Encyc.

The French use the word also for an aperture in a wall to let in or drain off water; and the Spaniards, for a low wall round a church yard.

French and Spanish Dict.

Barbadoes-Cherry

BARBA'DOES-CHERRY, noun The Malpighia, a tree growing in the Welsh Indies, fifteen feet high and producing a pleasant tart fruit.

Johnson.

Barbadoes Tar

BARBA'DOES TAR, noun A mineral fluid, of the nature of the thicker fluid bitumens, of a nauseous bitterish taste, a very strong disagreeable smell, viscid, of a brown, black or reddish color; it easily melts, and burns with much smoke, but is not soluble in ardent spirits. It contains a portion of acid of amber. It trickles down the sides of mountains in some parts of America, and sometimes is found on the surface of the waters. It is recommended in coughs and disorders of the breast and lungs.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Barbarian

BARBA'RIAN, noun [Latin barbarus; Greek; Irish barba, or beorb; Russian varvar; Chaldee. See Class Br. No. 3 and 7. The sense is, foreign, wild, fierce.]

1. A man in his rude, savage state; an uncivilized person.

Denham.

2. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity.

Philips.

3. A foreigner. The Greeks and Romans denominated most foreign nations barbarians; and many of these were less civilized than themselves, or unacquainted with their language, laws and manners. But with them the word was less reproachful than with us.

Barbarian

BARBA'RIAN, adjective Belonging to savages; rude; uncivilized.

Pope.

2. Cruel; inhuman.

Barbaric

BARBAR'IC, adjective [Latin barbaricus. See Barbarian. The Romans applied this word to designate things foreign; Barbaricum aurum, gold from Asia, Virg. AEn. 2. 504; Barbaricoe vestes, embroidered garments from foreign nations. English writers use the word in a like sense.]

Foreign; imported from foreign nations.

Milton. Pope.

Barbarism

B`ARBARISM, noun [Latin barbarismus. See Barbarian.]

1. An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language.

Dryden.

2. Ignorance of arts; want of learning.

Shak. Dryden.

3. Rudeness of manners; savagism; incivility; ferociousness; a savage state of society.

Spenser. Davies.

4. Brutality; cruelty; barbarity. [In this sense little used, being superseded by barbarity.]

Barbarity

BARBAR'ITY, noun [See Barbarian.]

The manners of a barbarian; savageness; cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.

Clarendon.

2. Barbarism; impurity of speech.

Dryden. Swift.

[The use of the word in this sense, is now superseded by barbarism.]

Barbarize

B`ARBARIZE, verb transitive To make barbarous.

Hideous changes have barbarized France.

Burke.

Barbarous

B`ARBAROUS, adjective Uncivilized; savage; unlettered; untutored; ignorant; unacquainted with arts; stranger to civility of manners.

Thou art a Roman; be not barbarous.

Shak.

2. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; as barbarous usage.

Clarendon.

Barbarously

B`ARBAROUSLY, adverb In the manner of a barbarian; ignorantly; without knowledge or arts; contrary to the rules of speech.

Dryden.

2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhuman manner.

Barbarousness

B`ARBAROUSNESS, noun Rudeness or incivility of manners.

Temple.

2. Impurity of language.

Brerewood.

3. Cruelty; inhumanity; barbarity.

Hall.

Barbary

B`ARBARY, noun A barbary horse; a barb.

Beaum.

Barbastel

B`ARBASTEL, noun A bat with hairy lips.

Barbate

B`ARBATE, or B`ARBATED, adjective [Latin barbatus, from barba. See Barb.]

In botany, bearded; also gaping or ringent. Barbatus flos, a gaping or ringent flower; synonymous with the ringent flower of Linne, and the labiate of Tournefort.

Milne. Lee.

Barbe

B`ARBE. In the military art, to fire in barbe, is to fire the cannon over the parapet, instead of firing through the embrasures.

Encyc.

Barbecue

B`ARBECUE, noun In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole. It is, with us, used for an ox or perhaps any other animal dressed in like manner.

Barbecue

B`ARBECUE, verb transitive To dress and roast a hog whole, which is done by splitting the hog to the back bone, and roasting it on a gridiron; to roast any animal whole.

Barbed

B`ARBED, participle passive [See Barb.]

1. Furnished with armor; as barbed steeds.

Shak.

2. Bearded; jagged with hooks or points; as barbed arrows.

3. Shaved or trimmed; having the beard dressed.

Encyc.

Barbel

B`ARBEL, noun [Latin barba; French barbeau; Dutch barbeel.]

1. A fish of the genus Cyprinus, of the order of abdominals. The mouth is toothless; the gill has three rays; the body is smooth and white. This fish is about three feet long, and weighs 18 pounds. It is a very coarse fish, living in deep still rivers and rooting like swine in the soft banks. Its dorsal fin is armed with a strong spine, sharply serrated, from which circumstance it probably received its name.

Encyc.

2. A knot of superfluous flesh, growing in the channels of a horse's mouth; written also barble, or barb. Encyc.

Farrier's Dict.

Barber

B`ARBER, noun [Persian, barbr. See Barb.]

One whose occupation is to shave men, or to shave and dress hair.

Shak.

Barber

B`ARBER, verb transitive To shave and dress hair.

Shak.

Barber-Chirurgeon

B`ARBER-CHIRURGEON, noun One who joins the practice of surgery with that of a barber; a practice now unusual. A low practitioner of surgery.

Wiseman.

Barberess

B`ARBERESS, noun A female barber. [Not used.]

Barber-Monger

B`ARBER-MONGER, noun A man who frequents the barber's shop, or prides himself in being dressed by a barber; a fop.

Shak.

Barberry

B`ARBERRY, noun [Latin berberis; Irish barbrog; Dutch berberis; Spanish berbero. In Ethiopic abarbar, is the nettle, urtica major; in Amh., a species of thistle. Lud. Ethiopic 233; Amh. 39. It is probable therefore that this plant is so named from its spines or barbs. Its other name, oxyacanthus, indicates a like origin.]

1. A plant of the genus berberis, common in hedges; called in England, pipperidge-bush. The berries are used in house-wifery, and are deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, especially the bark of the root. This plant is pernicious to wheat, the ears of which will not fill, if within the effluvia of the plant; and the influence of this has been known to extend three or four hundred yards.

Miller. Encyc.

Barbet

B`ARBET, noun A name given by some French writers to a peculiar species of those worms which feed on the puceron or aphis. [See Aphis.]

Encyc.

2. The Bucco, a genus of birds found in the warm climates of both continents.

3. A dog, so called from his long hair.

Bard

B`ARD, noun [Welsh bardh, or barz; Irish bard; French barde; a poet; Irish bardas, a satire or lampoon; Welsh bardhas, philosophy; bard-gan, a song.]

1. A poet and a singer among the ancient Celts; one whose occupation was to compose and sing verses, in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men. The bards used an instrument of music like a lyre or guitar, and not only praised the brave, but reproached the cowardly.

Diod. Sic. Am. Marcel. Lucan. Festus.

2. In modern usage, a poet.

Pope. Dryden.

Bard

B`ARD, noun The trappings of a horse.

Barded

B`ARDED, adjective In heraldry, caparisoned.

Encyc.

Bardesanists

BARDES'ANISTS, noun A sect of heretics, who sprung from Bardesanes, of Edessa, in Mesopotamia, in the 2d century, who taught that the actions of men depend on fate, to which God himself is subject. His followers went farther, and denied the incarnation of Christ and the resurrection.

Encyc.

Bardic

B`ARDIC, adjective Pertaining to bards, or to their poetry.

Owen.

Bardish

B`ARDISH, adjective Pertaining to bards; written by a bard.

Bardism

B`ARDISM, noun The science of bards; the learning and maxims of bards.

Owen.

Bare

BARE, adjective [Saxon bar, or boer; Swedish and Danish bar; German bar. This word is from opening, separating, stripping. In Chaldee Syriac Samaritan signifies to open, or explain; Arabic to dig; also is to separate, to purify. Chaldee Syriac to lay waste; Arabic id.]

1. Naked; without covering; as, the arm is bare; the trees are bare.

2. With the head uncovered, from respect.

Clarendon.

3. Plain; simple; unadorned; without the polish of refined manners.

Spenser.

4. Laid open to view; detected; no longer concealed.

Milton.

5. Poor; destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished.

Hooker. Dryden.

I have made Esau bare. Jeremiah 49.

6. Alone; unaccompanied.

Shak. South.

7. Thread-bare; much worn.

Shak.

8. Wanting clothes; or ill supplied with garments.

Johnson.

Under bare poles, at sea, signifies having no sail set.

Mar. Dict.

It is often followed by of; as, the country is bare of money.

Locke.

Bare

BARE, verb transitive [Saxon abarian. See Bare, adj.]

To strip off the covering; to make naked; as, to bare the breast.

Bacon. Pope.

Bare

BARE, the old preterit of bear, now bore.

Barebone

BA'REBONE, noun [See Bone.] A very lean person.

Bareboned

BA'REBONED, adjective Lean, so that the bones appear, or rather, so that the bones show their forms.

Shak.

Bared

BA'RED, participle passive Made bare; made naked.

Barefaced

BA'REFACED, adjective [See Face.]

1. With the face uncovered; not masked.

Shak.

2. Undisguised; unreserved; without concealment; hence shameless; impudent; audacious; as a barefaced falsehood.

Barefacedly

BA'REFACEDLY, adverb Without disguise or reserve; openly; impudently.

Barefacedness

BA'REFACEDNESS, noun Effrontery; assurance; audaciousness.

Barefoot

BA'REFOOT, adjective [See Foot.]

With the feet bare; without shoes and stockings. 2 Samuel 15. Isaiah 20.

Barefoot

BA'REFOOT, adjective or adverb With the feet bare; as, to dance barefoot.

Shak.

Barefooted

BA'REFOOTED, adjective Having the feet bare.

Baregnawn

BA'REGNAWN, adjective [See Gnaw.] Eaten bare.

Shak.

Bareheaded

BA'REHEADED, adjective [See Head.]

Having the head uncovered, either from respect or other cause.

Bacon. Dryden.

Barelegged

BA'RELEGGED, adjective Having the legs bare.

Burton.

Barely

BA'RELY, adverb Nakedly; poorly; indigently; without decoration; merely; only; without any thing more; as a prince barely in title.

Barret. Hooker.

Barenecked

BA'RENECKED, adjective Having the neck uncovered; exposed.

Shak.

Bareness

BA'RENESS, noun Nakedness; leanness: poverty; indigence; defect of clothes, or the usual covering.

Shak. South.

Barepicked

BA'REPICKED, adjective Picked to the bone.

Shak.

Bareribbed

BA'RERIBBED, adjective Lean.

Shak.

Bargain

B`ARGAIN, noun [French barguigner, to haggle, to hum and haw; Armoric barguignour, a haggler; Italian bargagnare, to cavil, contend, bargain; Irish braighean, debate. It seems to accord with Italian briga, Spanish brega, French brigue.]

An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property, for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.

2. Stipulation: interested dealing.

3. Purchase or the thing purchased. Locke.

4. In popular language, final event; upshot.

We must make the best of a bad bargain.

To sell bargains, is a vulgar phrase.

To strike a bargain, is to ratify an agreement originally by striking, or shaking hands. The Latin ferire foedus, may represent a like ceremony, unless it refers to the practice of killing a victim, at the solemn ratification of oaths.

Bargain and sale, in law, a species of conveyance, by which the bargainer contracts to convey the lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee for and seised to the use of the bargainee. The statute then completes the purchase; that is, the bargain vests the use, and the statute vests the possession.

Blackstone.

Bargain

B`ARGAIN, verb intransitive To make a contract or conclusive agreement, for the transfer of property; often with for before the thing purchased; as, to bargain for a house. A bargained with B for his farm.

Bargain

B`ARGAIN, verb transitive To sell; to transfer for a consideration; as, A bargained away his farm; a popular use of the word.

Bargainee

BARGAINEE', noun The party in a contract who receives or agrees to receive the property sold.

Blackstone.

Barge

B`ARGE, n. bÃƒ- rj. [Dutch bargie; Italian and Spanish barca; Irish barc. Barge, and bark or barque, a ship, are radically one word.]

1. A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, furnished with elegant apartments, canopies and cushions, equipped with a band of rowers, and decorated with flags and streamers; used by officers and magistrates.

Encyc.

2. A flat-bottomed vessel of burthen, for loading and unloading ships.

Mar. Dict.

Barge-Couples

B`ARGE-COUPLES, noun In architecture, a beam mortised into another, to strengthen the building.

Encyc.

Barge-Course

B`ARGE-COURSE, noun In bricklaying, a part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings where there is a gable, or kirkinhead.

Encyc.

Bargeman

B`ARGEMAN, noun The man who manages a barge.

Bargemaster

B`ARGEMASTER, noun The proprietor of a barge, conveying goods for hire.

Blackstone.

Barger

B`ARGER, noun The manager of a barge.

Barilla

BARIL'LA, noun [Spanish] A plant cultivated in Spain for its ashes, from which the purest kind of mineral alkali is obtained; used in making glass and soap, and in bleaching linen. The plant is cut and laid in heaps, and burnt, the salts running into a hole in the ground where they form a vitrified lump.

Encyc.

2. The alkali procured from this plant.

Baritone

BAR'ITONE, [See Barytone.]

Barium

BAR'IUM, noun The metallic basis of baryte or baryta, which is an oxyd of barium.

Davy.

Bark

B`ARK, noun [Danish bark; Swedish barck; German borke; probably from stripping, separating.]

1. The rind or exterior covering of a tree, corresponding to the skin of an animal. This is composed of the cuticle or epidermis, the outer bark or cortex, and the inner bark or liber. The rough broken matter on bark is, by the common people of New-England, called ross.

2. By way of distinction, Peruvian Bark.

Bark

B`ARK, verb transitive To peel; to strip off bark.

Also to cover or inclose with bark.

Bark

B`ARK, or BARQUE, noun [Irish barc; French barque; Russian barka; Italian and Spanish barca.]

A small ship; but appropriately, a ship which carries three masts without a mizen top sail. The English mariners, in the coal trade, apply this name to a broad-sterned ship without a figure-head.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Water-barks, in Holland, are small vessels, for conveying fresh water from place to place, the hold of which is filled with water.

Encyc.

Bark

B`ARK, verb intransitive [Saxon beorcan, byrcan, to bark.]

1. To make the noise of dogs, when they threaten or pursue.

2. To clamor at; to pursue with unreasonable clamor or reproach. It is followed by at.

To bark at sleeping fame.

Spenser.

Bark-Bared

B`ARK-BARED, adjective Stripped of the bark.

Mortimer.

Bark-Bound

B`ARK-BOUND, adjective Having the bark too firm or close, as with trees. This disease is cured by slitting the bark.

Encyc.

Barked

B`ARKED, participle passive Stripped of the bark; peeled; also covered with bark.

Barker

B`ARKER, noun One who barks, or clamors unreasonably; one who strips trees of their bark.

Bark-Galled

B`ARK-GALLED, adjective Having the bark galled, as with thorns. This defect is cured by binding on clay.

Encyc.

Barking

B`ARKING, participle of the present tense Stripping off bark; making the noise of dogs; clamoring; covering with bark.

Barky

B`ARKY, adjective Consisting of bark; containing bark.

Shak.

Barley

B`ARLEY, noun [Welsh barlys; Saxon bere. Qu. Latin far, Greek, Hebrew bar, corn. In the Saxon chronicle, An. 1124, it is written

boerlie. Owen renders it bread-corn, from bara, bread.]

A species of valuable grain, used especially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of extensive use, as beer, ale and porter. It is of the genus hordeum, consisting of several species. Those principally cultivated in England, are the common spring barley, the long eared barley, the winter or square barley, by some called big, and the sprat or battledore barley. This grain is used in medicine, as possessing emollient, diluent, and expectorant qualities.

Encyc. Miller. Arbuthnot.

Barley-Brake

B`ARLEY-BRAKE, noun A rural play; a trial of swiftness.

Sidney.

Barley-Broth

B`ARLEY-BROTH, noun A low word for strong beer.

Shak.

Barley-Corn

B`ARLEY-CORN, noun [See Corn.] A grain of barley; the third part of an inch in length; hence originated our measures of length.

Johnson.

Barley-Mow

B`ARLEY-MOW, noun A mow of barley, or the place where barley is deposited.

Gay.

Barley-Sugar

B`ARLEY-SUGAR, noun Sugar boiled till it is brittle, formerly with a decoction of barley.

Barley-Water

B`ARLEY-WATER, noun A decoction of barley, which is reputed soft and lubricating, and much used in medicine.

French barley and pearl barley are used for making decoctions. These are made by separating the grain from its coat. The pearl barley is reduced to the size of a small shot.

Barm

B`ARM, noun [Saxon beorm. Qu. Latin fermentum, from ferveo; or beer-rahm, beer cream; or Welsh berwi, to boil.]

Yeast; the scum rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in bread to make it swell, causing it to be softer, lighter, and more delicate. It may be used in liquors to make them ferment or work.

Johnson. Encyc.

Barmy

B`ARMY, adjective Containing barm, or yeast.

Bacon. Shak.

Barn

B`ARN, noun [Saxon berern, from bere, barley, and oern, or ern, a close place or repository.]

A covered building for securing grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In the northern states of America, the farmers generally use barns for stabling their horses and cattle; so that among them, a barn is both a cornhouse or grange, and a stable.

Barnacle

B`ARNACLE, noun [Portugese bernaca, the Solan goose; French barnacle or barnaque; Latin perna, a shell-fish.]

1. A shell which is often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks and timber, below the surface of the sea.

2. A species of goose, found in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates in winter. The forehead and cheeks are white, but the upper part of the body and neck is black. Formerly, a strange notion prevailed, that these birds grew out of wood, or rather out of the barnacles attached to wood in the sea. Hence the name. It is written also Bernacle.

Pennant.

3. In the plural, an instrument consisting of two branches joined at one end with a hinge, to put upon a horse's nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or dressing.

Encyc.

Barolite

BAR'OLITE, noun [Greek, weight, and, a stone.]

Carbonate of baryte. Its color is usually a light yellowish gray; sometimes whitish, or with a tinge of green. It is strongly translucent. It usually occurs in small masses, which have a fibrous structure; sometimes in distinct crystals.

This mineral is called also Witherite, from Dr. Withering, the discoverer.

Cleaveland. Kirwan. Ure.

Barometer

BAROM'ETER, noun [Greek, weight, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, consisting of a glass tube, hermetically sealed at one end, filled with quicksilver, well defecated and purged of air, and inverted in a basin of quicksilver. A column of quicksilver is then supported in the tube, of equal weight with the incumbent atmosphere. This instrument was invented by Torricelli, of Florence, in 1643. Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to determine the altitude of mountains, by the falling and rising of the mercury. For this purpose, the tube is fixed to a graduated scale, so that the smallest variation in the column is visible.

Encyc. Johnson.

Barometrical

BAROMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining or relating to the barometer; made by a barometer; as barometrical experiments.

Barometrically

BAROMET'RICALLY, adverb By means of a barometer.

Pinkerton.

Baron

BAR'ON, noun [French baron; Spanish baron or varon; Italian barone; Sanscrit bareru, bharta, a husband. This word, in the middle ages, was written bar, ber, var, baro, paro, viro, virro, viron. It is the vir of the Latins; Saxon wer; Irish fir, fear; Welsh gwr, for guir, gevir. See Spelman's Glossary, and Hirt. Pansa. De Bell. Alex. 42: Hicks' Saxon Grammar, 113, 146. The Saxon wer, Latin vir, is doubtless the Shemitic, a man, so named from strength.]

1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility; a lord; a peer; one who holds the rank of nobility next below that of a viscount, and above that of a knight or baronet. Originally, the barons, being the feudatories of princes, were the proprietors of land held by honorable service. Hence, in ancient records, the word barons comprehends all the nobility. All such in England had, in early times, a right to sit in parliament. As a baron was the proprietor of a manor, and each manor had its court-baron; hence the barons claimed, and to this day enjoy, the right of judging in the last resort; a right pertaining to the house of lords, or peers, as the representatives of the ancient barons, land-holders, manor-holders.

Anciently, barons were greater, or such as held their lands of the king in capite; or lesser, such as held their lands of the greater barons by military service in capite.

The title of baron is no longer attached to the possession of a manor, but given by the king's letters patent, or writ of summons to parliament; that is, the dignity is personal, and not territorial.

The radical word, vir, fir, a man, is Celtic, as well as Teutonic; but the word baron was not known in the British isles, till introduced from the continent under the Norman princes.

Spelman. Blackstone. Encyc. Cowel.

2. Baron is a title of certain officers, as barons of the exchequer, who are the four judges who try cases between the king and his subjects, relating to the revenue. Barons of the Cinque Ports are members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port. These ports are Dover, Sandwich, Romney, Hastings, Hythe, Winchelsea, and Rye.

Blackstone.

3. In law, a husband; as baron and feme, husband and wife.

Baronage

BAR'ONAGE, noun The whole body of barons or peers.

2. The dignity of a baron.

3. The land which gives title to a baron.

Johnson.

Baroness

BAR'ONESS, noun A baron's wife or lady.

Baronet

BAR'ONET, noun [French dimin of baron.]

A dignity or degree of honor, next below a baron, and above a knight; having precedency of all knights except those of the garter, and being the only knighthood that is hereditary. The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is given by patent.

Johnson. Blackstone.

Baronial

BARO'NIAL, adjective Pertaining to a baron.

Encyc.

Barony

BAR'ONY, noun The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron, whether spiritual or temporal. This lordship is held in chief of the king, and gives title to the possessor, or baron.

Johnson. Encyc.

Baroscope

BAR'OSCOPE, noun [Greek, weight, and, to view.]

An instrument to show the weight of the atmosphere; superseded by the Barometer.

Baroscopic

BAROSCOP'IC, adjective Pertaining to or determined by the baroscope.

Baroselenite

BAROSEL'ENITE, noun [Greek, weight, or, heavy, and selenite.]

A mineral; sulphate of baryte; heavy spar.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Barra

BAR'RA, noun In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for cloths. In Valencia, 13 barras make 12 6/7 yards English; in Castile, 7 are equal to 6 4/7 yards; in Arragon, 3 make 2 4/7 yards.

Encyc.

Barracada

BARRACA'DA, noun A fish, about fifteen inches in length, of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with small black spots.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Barracan

BAR'RACAN, noun [Italian baracane; Spanish barragan; French bouracan.]

A thick, strong stuff, something like camelot; used for clokes, surtouts, and other outer garments.

Barrack

BAR'RACK, noun [Spanish barraca; French baraque. It seems to be formed like Saxon parruc, a park, an inclosure.]

A hut or house for soldiers, especially in garrison. In Spain, a hut or cabin for fishermen.

Barrack-Master

BAR'RACK-MASTER, noun The officer who superintends the barracks of soldiers.

Swift.

Barracuda

BARRACU'DA, noun A species of fish of the pike kind, found in the seas about the Bahamas and Welsh Indies, of ten feet in length. The color is deep brown, and the fish is very voracious. The flesh is disagreeable and sometimes poisonous.

Catesby. Pennant.

Barrator

BAR'RATOR, noun [Old French barat, strife, deceit; Cimbric, baratton; Icelandic and Scandinavian, baratta, contest; Italian baratta, strife, quarrel; barattare, to barter, to cheat; Spanish barato, fraud, deceit; baratar, to barter, to deceive. The radical sense is to turn, wind and twist, whence to strive; Latin verto; barter. See Barter.]

1. One who frequently excites suits at law; a common mover and maintainer of suits and controversies; an encourager of litigation.

Coke. Blackstone.

2. The master of a ship, who commits any fraud, in the management of the ship, or in relation to his duties as master, by which the owner or insurers are injured.

Barratry

BAR'RATRY, noun The practice of exciting and encouraging lawsuits and quarrels.

Coke. Blackstone.

2. In commerce, any species of cheating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the owners or insurers are injured; as by running away with the ship, sinking or deserting her, by wilful deviation, or by embezzling the cargo.

Park.

Barred

B`ARRED, participle passive Fastened with a bar; hindered; restrained; excluded; forbid; striped; checkered.

Barrel

BAR'REL, noun [Welsh French baril; Spanish barril; Italian barile; Armoric baraz.]

1. A vessel or cask, of more length than breadth, round and bulging in the middle, made of staves and heading, and bound with hoops.

2. The quantity which a barrel contains. Of wine measure, the English barrel contains 31 1/2 gallons; of beer measure, 36 gallons; of ale, 32 gallons; and of beervinegar, 34 gallons.

Of weight, a barrel of Essex butter is 106 pounds; of Suffolk butter, 256; a barrel of herring should contain 32 gallons wine measure, and hold 1000 herrings; a barrel of salmon should contain 42 gallons; a barrel of soap should weigh 256 lbs.

Johnson. Encyc.

In America, the contents of a barrel are regulated by statutes.

In Connecticut, the barrel for liquors must contain 31 1/2 gallons, each gallon to contain 231 cubic inches. In New-York, a barrel of flour by statute must contain either 196 lb. or 228 lb. nett weight. The barrel of beef and pork in New-York and Connecticut, is 200 lbs. In general, the contents of barrels, as defined by statute, in this country, must be from 28 to 31 1/2 gallons.

3. Any thing hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun; a tube.

4. A cylinder; as the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled, and round which is wound the chain.

5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the ear is called the barrel of the ear. It is four or five lines deep, and five or six wide, and covered with a fine membrane. It is more usually called the cavity of the tympanum.

Encyc. Johnson.

Barrel

BAR'REL, verb transitive To put in a barrel; to pack in a barrel with salt for preservation, as to barrel beef, pork or fish.

Barrel-Bellied

BAR'REL-BELLIED, adjective [See Belly.] Having a large belly.

Dryden.

Barreled

BAR'RELED, participle passive Put or packed in a barrel.

Barreling

BAR'RELING, participle of the present tense Putting or packing in a barrel.

Barren

BAR'REN, adjective [from the same root as bare.]

1. Not producing young, or offspring; applied to animals.

2. Not producing plants; unfruitful; steril; not fertile; or producing little; unproductive; applied to the earth.

3. Not producing the usual fruit; applied to trees, &c.

4. Not copious; scanty; as a scheme barren of hints.

Swift.

5. Not containing useful or entertaining ideas; as a barren treatise.

6. Unmeaning; uninventive; dull; as barren spectators.

Shak. Johnson. Qu.

7. Unproductive; not inventive; as a barren mind.

Barren

BAR'REN, noun In the States west of the Alleghany, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a few feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and grass. The soil of these barrens is not barren, as the name imports, but often very fertile. It is usually alluvial, to a depth sometimes of several feet. Atwater, Journ. of Science.

2. Any unproductive tract of land; as the pine barrens of South Carolina.

Drayton.

Barrenly

BAR'RENLY, adverb Unfruitfully.

Barrenness

BAR'RENNESS, adverb The quality of not producing its kind; want of the power of conception; applied to animals.

2. Unfruitfulness; sterility; infertility. The quality of not producing at all, or in small quantities; as the barrenness of soil.

3. Want of invention; want of the power of producing any thing new; applied to the mind.

4. Want of matter; scantiness; as the barrenness of a cause.

Hooker.

5. Defect of emotion, sensibility or fervency; as the barrenness of devotion.

Taylor.

Barrenwort

BAR'RENWORT, noun [See Wort.] A plant, constituting the genus Epimedium, of which the alpinum is the only species; a low herbaceous plant, with a creeping root, having many stalks, each of which has three flowers.

Encyc.

Barrful

B`ARRFUL, adjective Full of obstructions.

Shak.

Barricade

BARRICA'DE, noun [French barricade; Italian barricata; from Italian barrare, Spanish barrear, to bar.]

1. A fortification made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or any thing that will obstruct the progress of an enemy, or serve for defense or security, against his shot.

2. Any bar or obstruction; that which defends.

3. In naval architecture, a strong wooden rail, supported by stanchions, extending across the foremost part of the quarter deck, in ships of war, and filled with rope, mats, pieces of old cable, and full hammocks, to prevent the effect of small shot in time of action.

Encyc.

Barricade

BARRICA'DE, verb transitive To stop up a passage; to obstruct.

2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the approach of an enemy.

Barricado

BARRICA'DO. The same as barricade.

Barrier

BAR'RIER, [French barriere; Italian barriera; Spanish barrera, a barrier; Spanish barrear, to bar or barricade. See Bar.]

1. In fortification, a kind of fence made in a passage or retrenchment, composed of great stakes, with transums or overthwart rafters, to stop an enemy.

Encyc.

2. A wall for defense.

3. A fortress or fortified town on the frontier of a country.

Swift.

4. Any obstruction; any thing which confines, or which hinders approach, or attack; as constitutional barriers.

Hopkinson.

5. A bar to mark the limits of a place; any limit, or boundary; a line of separation.

Pope.

Barring

B`ARRING, participle of the present tense Making fast with a bar; obstructing; excluding; preventing; prohibiting; crossing with stripes.

Barrister

BAR'RISTER, noun [from bar.] A counselor, learned in the laws, qualified and admitted to plead at the bar, and to take upon him the defense of clients; answering to the advocate or licentiate of other countries. Anciently, barristers were called, in England, apprentices of the law. Outer barristers are pleaders without the bar, to distinguish them from inner barristers, benchers or readers, who have been sometime admitted to plead within the bar, as the king's counsel are.

Johnson. Encyc.

Barrow

BAR'ROW, noun [Saxon berewe; Welsh berva; German bahre; Dutch berri; from the root of bear, to carry. See Bear.]

1. A light small carriage. A hand-barrow is a frame covered in the middle with boards, and borne by and between two men.

A wheel-barrow, is a frame with a box, supported by one wheel, and rolled by a single man.

2. A wicker case, in salt works, where the salt is put to drain.

Encyc.

Barrow

BAR'ROW, noun [Saxon berga, or beorgh, a hog; Dutch barg, a barrow hog.]

1. In England, a hog; and according to Ash, obsolete. Barrow-grease is hog's lard.

2. In America, a male hog castrated; a word in common use.

Barrow

BAR'ROW, noun [Saxon beara, or bearewe, a grove.]

In the names of places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove.

Barrow

BAR'ROW, noun [Saxon beorg, a hill or hillock; byrgen, a tomb; German and Dutch bergen, to conceal, to save.]

A hillock or mound of earth, intended as a repository of the dead. Such barrows are found in England, in the North of the European continents, and in America. They sometimes were formed of stones, and in England called cairns. The barrow answers to the tumulus of the Latins. [See Tomb.]

Barse

B`ARSE, noun An English name for the common perch.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Barshot

B`ARSHOT, noun [See Bar and Shoot.]

Double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a half ball or round head at each end; used for destroying the masts and rigging in naval combat.

Mar. Dict.

Barter

B`ARTER, verb intransitive [Spanish baratar; Italian barattare, to exchange. The primary sense is probably to turn or change, and this gives the sense of deceiving, barratry, as well as of bartering. Latin vario, verto. Class Br.]

To traffick or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a sale and purchase, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred.

Barter

B`ARTER, verb transitive To give one thing for another in commerce. It is sometimes followed by away; as, to barter away goods or honor.

Barter

B`ARTER, noun The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; sometimes, perhaps, the thing given in exchange.

Bartered

B`ARTERED, participle passive Given in exchange.

Barterer

B`ARTERER, noun One who traflicks by exchange of commodities.

Bartering

B`ARTERING, participle of the present tense Trafficking or trading by an exchange of commodities.

Bartery

B`ARTERY, noun Exchange of commodities in trade. [Not used.]

Camden.

Barton

B`ARTON, noun [Saxon bere-ton, barley-town.]

The demain lands of a manor; the manor itself; and sometimes the out-houses.

Johnson. Blount.

Bartram

B`ARTRAM, noun [Latin pyrethrum; Greek, fire.]

A plant; pellitory.

Bailey. Johnson.

Barystrontianite

BARYSTRON'TIANITE, noun [Greek, heavy, and strontian.]

A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Orkney. It has been found in masses of a grayish white color internally, but externally of a yellowish white.

Traill. Cleaveland. Phillips.

Baryta

BARY'TA, or BAR'YTE, noun [Greek, heavy; weight.]

Ponderous earth; so called from its great weight, it being the heaviest of the earths. Spec. grav. about 4. Recent discoveries have shown that baryte is an oxyd, the basis of which is a metallic substance called barium. It is generally found in combination with the sulphuric and carbonic acids, forming the sulphate and carbonate of baryte, the former of which is called heavy spar.

Cleaveland. Thomson.

Barytic

BARYT'IC, adjective Pertaining to baryte; formed of baryte, or containing it.

Kirwan.

Baryto-Calcite

BARYTO-CAL'CITE, noun [baryte and calx. See Calx.]

A mixture of carbonate of lime with sulphate of baryte, of a dark or light gray color, of various forms.

Kirwan.

Barytone

BAR'YTONE, adjective [Greek, heavy, and, tone.]

Pertaining to or noting a grave deep sound, or male voice.

Walker. Arbuthnot.

Barytone

BAR'YTONE, noun In music, a male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common base and the tenor, but which does not descend so low as the one, nor rise as high as the other.

2. In Greek Grammar, a verb which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.

Basal

BA'SAL, adjective Pertaining to the base; constituting the base.

Say.

Basalt

BASALT', n. bazalt'. [Pliny informs us that the Egyptians found in Ethiopia, a species of marble, called basaltes, of an iron color and hardness, whence it received its name. Nat. Hist. Lib. 36. Ca. 7. But according to Da Costa, that stone was not the same which now bears the name of basalt. Hist. of Fossils. p. 263. If named from its color, it may be allied to the French basanÃƒ-©, tawny. Lunier refers it to the Ethiopic basal, iron, a word I cannot find.]

A dark, grayish black mineral or stone, sometimes bluish or brownish black, and when withered, the surface is grayish or reddish brown. It is amorphous, columnar, tabular or globular. The columnar form is straight or curved, perpendicular or inclined, sometimes nearly horizontal; the diameter of the columns from three inches to three feet, sometimes with transverse semi-spherical joints, in which the convex part of one is inserted in the concavity of another. The forms of the columns generally are pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal. It is sometimes found also in rounded masses, either spherical, or compressed and lenticular. These rounded masses are sometimes composed of concentric layers, with a nucleus, and sometimes of prisms radiating from a center. It is heavy and hard. The pillars of the Giant's causey in Ireland, composed of this stone and exposed to the roughest sea for ages, have their angles as perfect as those at a distance from the waves. The English miners call it cockle; the German, shorl, or shoerl. It is called by Kirwan, Figurate Trap, from its prismatic forms.

Kirwan. Jameson. Cleaveland.

Basaltic

BASALT'IC, adjective Pertaining to basalt; formed of or containing basalt.

Basaltiform

BASALT'IFORM, adjective In the form of basalt; columnar.

Basaltine

BASALT'INE, noun Basaltic Hornblend; a variety of common hornblend, so called from its being often found in Basalt. It is also found in lavas and volcanic scoriae. It is generally in distinct crystals, and its color is a pure black, or slightly tinged with green. It is more foliated than the other varieties, and has been mistaken for mica.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

2. A column of basalt.

Kirwan.

Basanite

BAS'ANITE, n. s as z. [Greek, the trier. Plin. Lib. 36. Ca. 22. See Basalt.]

Lydian stone, or black jasper; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate. Its color is a grayish or bluish black, interspersed with veins of quartz. It is employed to test the purity of gold.

Kirwan. Ure. Cleaveland.

Base

BASE, adjective [French bas, low; Welsh bas; Italian basso; Spanish baxo, low; Welsh basu, to fall, or lower. See Abase.]

1. Low in place. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Mean; vile; worthless; that is, low in value or estimation; used of things.

3. Of low station; of mean account; without rank, dignity or estimation among men; used of persons.

The base shall behave proudly against the honorable. Isaiah 3.

4. Of mean spirit; disingenuous; illiberal; low; without dignity of sentiment; as a base and abject multitude.

5. Of little comparative value; applied to metals, and perhaps to all metals, except gold and silver.

6. Deep; grave; applied to sounds; as the base sounds of a viol.

Bacon.

7. Of illegitimate birth; born out of wedlock.

Shak.

8. Not held by honorable tenure. A base estate is an estate held by services not honorable, not in capite, or by villenage.

Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.

Encyc.

Base

BASE, noun [Greek; Latin basis; Italian basa, base; Spanish basa; French base; that which is set, the foundation or bottom.]

1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests; as the base of a column, the pedestal of a statue, the foundation of a house, &c.

In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedestal and the bottom of the shaft; but when there is no pedestal, it is the part between the bottom of the column and the plinth. Usually it consists of certain spires or circles. The pedestal also has its base.

Encyc.

2. In fortification, the exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which is drawn from the flanked angle of a bastion to the angle opposite to it.

3. In gunnery, the least sort of ordnance, the diameter of whose bore is 1 1-4 inch.

Encyc.

4. The part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings.

Sidney.

5. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone.

6. In old authors, stockings; armor for the legs.

Hudibras.

7. The place from which racers or tilters start; the bottom of the field; the carcer or starting post.

Dryden.

9. The lowest or gravest part in music; improperly written bass.

10. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars.

Shak.

11. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. Any side of a triangle may be called its base, but this term most properly belongs to the side which is parallel to the horizon. In rectangled triangles, the base, properly, is the side opposite to the right angle. The base of a solid figure is that on which it stands. The base of a conic section is a right line in the hyperbola and parabola, arising from the common intersection of the secant plane and the base of the cone.

Encyc.

12. In chimistry, any body which is dissolved by another body, which it receives and fixes. Thus any alkaline, earthy or metallic substance, combining with an acid, forms a compound or neutral salt, of which it is the base. Such salts are called salts with alkaline, earthy or metallic bases.

Encyc.

13. Thorough base, in music, is the part performed with base viols or theorbos, while the voices sing and other instruments perform their parts, or during the intervals when the other parts stop. It is distinguished by figures over the notes.

Counter base is a second or double base, when there are several in the same concert.

Encyc.

Base

BASE, verb transitive To embase; to reduce the value by the admixture of meaner metals. [Little used.]

Bacon.

2. To found; to lay the base or foundation.

To base and build the commonwealth of man.

Columbiad.

Base-Born

BA'SE-BORN, adjective [base and born.] Born out of wedlock.

Gay.

2. Born of low parentage.

3. Vile; mean.

Milton.

Base-Court

BA'SE-COURT, noun [French basse-cour. See Court.]

The back yard, opposed to the chief court in front of a house; the farm yard.

Shak.

Based

BA'SED, participle passive Reduced in value; founded.

Baseless

BA'SELESS, adjective Without a base; having no foundation, or support.

The baseless fabric of a vision.

Shak.

The fame how poor that swells our baseless pride.

Trumbull.

Basely

BA'SELY, adverb In a base manner; meanly; dishonorably.

Dryden.

2. Illegitimately; in bastardy.

Knolles.

Basement

BA'SEMENT, noun In architecture, the ground floor, on which the order or columns which decorate the principal story, are placed.

Encyc.

Base-Minded

BA'SE-MINDED, adjective Of a low spirit or mind; mean.

Camden.

Base-Mindedness

BA'SE-MINDEDNESS, noun Meanness of spirit.

Sandys.

Baseness

BA'SENESS, noun Meanness; vileness; worthlessness.

Dryden.

2. Vileness of metal; the quality of being of little comparative value.

Swift.

3. Bastardy; illegitimacy of birth.

Shak.

4. Deepness of sound.

Bacon.

Basenet

BA'SENET, noun A helmet.

Spenser.

Base-String

BA'SE-STRING, noun The lowest note.

Shak.

Base-Viol

BA'SE-VIOL, noun [See Viol.] A musical instrument, used for playing the base or gravest part.

Bash

BASH, verb intransitive [Hebrew, bosh, to be cast down, or confounded. Qu. Dutch verbaazen, to confound. See Abash.]

To be ashamed; to be confounded with shame.

Spenser.

Bashaw

BASHAW', noun [Arabic basha; Pers. pasha; Spanish baxa; Italian bascia; Turk. basch, the head. Qu. Dutch baas, master, and the bassus of the Alemanni and Longobards, in the middle ages. This word is often written most absurdly pasha, both by the English and Americans. It should be written and pronounced pashaw.]

1. A title of honor in the Turkish dominions; appropriately, the title of the prime vizer, but given to viceroys or governors of provinces, and to generals and other men of distinction. The Turkish bashaws exercise an oppressive authority in their provinces. Hence,

2. A proud, tyrannical, overbearing man.

Bashful

BASH'FUL, adjective [See Bash and Abash.]

1. Properly, having a downcast look; hence very modest.

2. Modest to excess; sheepish.

Shak.

3. Exciting shame.

Bashfully

BASH'FULLY, adverb Very modestly; in a timorous manner.

Bashfulness

BASH'FULNESS, noun Excessive or extreme modesty; a quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as in blushing, a downcast look, confusion, &c.

2. Vicious or rustic shame.

Sidney.

Bashless

BASH'LESS, adjective Shameless; unblushing.

Spenser.

Basil

BAS'IL, n. s as z. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument, as of a chisel or plane; usually of 12 degrees, but for hard wood, 18 degrees.

Encyc.

Basil

BAS'IL, verb transitive To grind or form the edge of a tool to an angle.

Moxon.

Basil

BAS'IL, n. s as z. [French basilic; Italian basilico.]

1. A plant of the genus Ocymum, of which there are many species, all natives of warm climates. They are fragrant aromatic plants, and one species, the sweet basil, is much used in cookery, especially in France.

Basil

BAS'IL, noun [Orient. to strip.]

The skin of a sheep tanned; written also basan.

Basil-Weed

BAS'IL-WEED, noun Wild basil, a plant of the genus Clinopodium.

Muhlenburg.

Basilar

BAS'ILAR, or BAS'ILARY, a. s as z. [See Basilic.]

Chief; an anatomical term applied to several bones, and to an artery of the brain.

Coxe.

Basilian monks, monks of the order of St. Basil, who founded the order in Pontus. The order still exists, but has less power and celebrity than formerly.

Encyc.

Basilic

BAS'ILIC, n. s as z. [Greek; Latin basilica; Greek, a king.]

Anciently, a public hall or court of judicature, where princes and magistrates sat to administer justice. It was a large hall, with aisles, porticoes, tribunes, and tribunals. The bankers also had a part allotted for their residence. These edifices, at first, were the palaces of princes, afterwards courts of justice, and finally converted into churches. Hence basilic now signifies a church, chapel, cathedral or royal palace.

Encyc. Spanish and Italian Dict.

Basilic

BAS'ILIC, noun [See Basil.] The middle vein of the arm, or the interior branch of the axillary vein, so called by way of eminence.

Encyc. Quincy.

Basilic

BAS'ILIC, or BASIL'ICAL, adjective Belonging to the middle vein of the arm.

2. Noting a particular nut, the walnut, basilica nux.

Basilicon

BASIL'ICON, n. s as z. [Greek, royal.]

An ointment. This name is given to several compositions in ancient medical writers. At present it is confined to three officinal ointments, distinguished into black, yellow and green basilicon.

Encyc.

Basilisk

BAS'ILISK, n. s as z. [Greek; Latin basiliscus.]

1. A fabulous serpent, called a cockatrice, and said to be produced from a cock's egg brooded by a serpent. The ancients alledged that its hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath and even its look was fatal. Some writers suppose that a real serpent exists under this name.

2. In military affairs, a large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size. This cannon carried a ball of 200 pounds weight, but is not now used. Modern writers give this name to cannon of a smaller size, which the Dutch make 15 feet long, and the French 10, carrying a 48 pound ball.

Encyc.

Basin

BA'SIN, n. bÃƒ-¡sn. [French bassin; Irish baisin; Armoric ba&cdil;zin; Italian bacino, or bacile; Portugese

bacia. If the last radical is primarily a palatal letter, this is the German becken; Dutch bekken.]

1. A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other uses.

2. In hydraulics, any reservoir of water.

3. That which resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond, a dock for ships, a hollow place for liquids, or an inclosed part of water, forming a broad space within a strait or narrow entrance; a little bay.

4. Among glass grinders, a concave piece of metal by which convex glasses are formed.

5. Among hatters, a large shell or case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace, in which the hat is molded into due shape.

6. In anatomy, a round cavity between the anterior ventricles of the brain.

7. The scale of a balance, when hollow and round.

8. In Jewish antiquities, the laver of the tabernacle.

Basis

BA'SIS, noun plu. bases. [Latin and Greek; the same as base, which see.]

1. The foundation of any thing; that on which a thing stands or lies; the bottom or foot of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. See a full explanation under base.

2. The ground work or first principle; that which supports.

3. Foundation; support.

The basis of public credit is good faith.

Hamilton.

The basis of all excellence is truth.

Johnson.

4. Basis, in chimistry. See Base. No. 12.

Bask

B`ASK, verb intransitive [The origin of this word is not obvious. Qu. Irish basgaim, to rest or repose.]

To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat; to be at ease and thriving under benign influences; as, to bask in the blaze of day; to bask in the sunshine or royal favor. The word includes the idea of some continuance of exposure.

Bask

B`ASK, verb transitive To warm by continued exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat.

Dryden.

Basked

B`ASKED, participle passive Exposed to warmth, or genial heat.

Basket

B`ASKET, noun [Welsh basged, or basgawd; Irish bascaid; probably from weaving or texture; Welsh basg, a netting or plaiting of splinters.]

1. A domestic vessel made of twigs, rushes, splinters or other flexible things interwoven. The forms and sizes of baskets are very various, as well as the uses to which they are applied; as corn-baskets, clothes-baskets, fruit-baskets, and work-baskets.

2. The contents of a basket; as much as a basket will contain; as, a basket of medlars is two bushels. But in general, this quantity is indefinite.

In military affairs, baskets of earth sometimes are used on the parapet of a trench, between which the soldiers fire. They serve for defense against small shot.

Encyc.

Basket

B`ASKET, verb transitive To put in a basket.

Cowper.

Basket-Fish

B`ASKET-FISH, noun A species of sea-star, or star-fish, of the genus Asterias, and otherwise called the Magellanic star-fish.

It has five rays issuing from an angular body, and dividing into innumerable branches. These when extended form a circle of three feet diameter. [See Asterias.]

Encyc.

Basket-Hilt

B`ASKET-HILT, noun [See Hilt.] A hilt which covers the hand, and defends it from injury, as of a sword.

Hudibras.

Basket-Hilted

B`ASKET-HILTED, adjective Having a hilt of basket-work.

Warton.

Basket-Salt

B`ASKET-SALT, noun Salt made from salt-springs, which is purer, whiter and finer, than common brine salt.

Encyc.

Basket-Woman

B`ASKET-WOMAN, noun A woman who carries a basket, to and from market.

Basking

B`ASKING, participle of the present tense Exposing or lying exposed to the continued action of heat or genial warmth.

Basking-Shark

B`ASKING-SHARK, noun The sun-fish of the Irish; a species of squalus or shark. This fish is from three to twelve yards in length, or even longer. The upper jaw is much longer than the lower one; the tail is large and the upper part much longer than the lower; the skin is rough, of a deep leaden color on the back, and white on the belly. The fish weighs more than a thousand pounds, and affords a great quantity of oil, which is used for lamps, and to cure bruises, burns, and rheumatic complaints. It is viviparous, and frequents the northern seas. [See Squalus.]

Pennant. Encyc.

Basquish

B`ASQUISH, adjective bÃƒ- skish. Pertaining to the people or language of Biscay.

Brown.

Bass

B`ASS, noun [It has no plural.] The name of several species of fish. In England, this name is given to a species of perch, called by some the sea-wolf, from its voracity, and resembling, in a degree, the trout in shape, but having a larger head. It weighs about fifteen pounds. In the northern states of America, this name is given to a striped fish which grows to the weight of 25 or 30 pounds, and which enters the rivers; the perca ocellata.

A species of striped fish, of a darker color, with a large head, is called sea-bass, as it is never found in fresh water. This fish grows to two or three pounds weight. Both species are well tasted, but the proper bass is a very white and delicious food.

Prince. Belknap.

Bass

B`ASS, noun The linden, lime or tiel tree; called also bass-wood. [See Bast.]

2. [pron. bas.] A mat to kneel on in churches.

Bass

BASS, noun In music, the base; the deepest or gravest part of a tune. This word is thus written in imitation of the Italian basso, which is the base, low; yet with the pronunciation of base and plural bases, a gross error that ought to be corrected; as the word used in pronunciation is the English word base.

Bass

BASS, verb transitive To sound in a deep tone.

Shak.

Bass-Relief

BASS-RELIE'F, noun In English, base-relief. [From Italian basso, low, and rilevare, to raise; whence rilievo, raised work. See Lift and Relief.]

Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far from the ground or plane on which they are formed. When figures do not protuberate so as to exhibit the entire body, they are said to be done in relief; and when they are low, flat or little raised from the plane, the work is said to be in low relief. When the figures are so raised as to be well distinguished, they are said to be bold, strong, or high, alto relievo. [See Relief.]

Encyc.

Bass-Viol

BASS-VIOL, noun [See Base-viol.]

Bassa

BAS'SA. [See Bashaw.]

Basset

BAS'SET, noun [French bassette.] A game at cards, said to have been invented at Venice, by a nobleman, who was banished for the invention. The game being introduced into France by the Venetian embassador, Justiniani, in 1674, it was prohibited by severe edicts.

Encyc.

Basset

BAS'SET, verb intransitive [See Basil.] Among coal diggers, to incline upwards. Thus a vein of coal bassets, when it takes a direction towards the surface of the earth. This is called cropping, and is opposed to dipping.

Encyc.

Basseting

BAS'SETING, participle of the present tense Having a direction upwards.

Basseting

BAS'SETING, noun The upward direction of a vein in a coal mine.

Basso-Concertante

BASSO-CONCERTANTE, in music, is the base of the little chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece.

Bailey.

Basso-Continuo

BASSO-CONTINUO, thorough base, which see under base.

Baitey.

Basso-Repieno

BASSO-REPIENO, is the base of the grand chorus, which plays only occasionally, or in particular parts.

Bailey.

Basso-Relievo

BASSO-RELIEVO. [See Bass-relief.]

Basso-Violino

BASSO-VIOLINO, is the base of the base-viol.

Bailey.

Bassock

BAS'SOCK, noun The same as bass, a mat.

Bassoon

BASSOON', noun [French basson; Italian bassone, from basso, low.]

A musical wind instrument, blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, which are stopped, as in other large flutes. Its compass comprehends three octaves. Its diameter at bottom is nine inches, and for convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is called also a fagot. It serves for the base in a concert of hautboys, flutes, &c.

Johnson. Encyc. Busby.

Bassoonist

BASSOON'IST, noun A performer on the bassoon.

Busby.

Bast

B`AST, noun [Qu. Dutch and Danish bast, bark, or from twisting.]

A rope or cord, made of the bark of the lime tree, bass-wood or linden; or the bark made into ropes and mats.

Ash. Bailey.

Bastard

B`ASTARD, noun [Armoric bastard; Irish basdard; French bÃƒ-¢tard; Dutch bastaard; German bastart; Italian and Spanish bastardo; Welsh bastarz; basu, to fall, whence base, and tarz, growth, issue, a sprout.]

A natural child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate or spurious child. By the civil and canon laws, a bastard becomes a legitimate child, by the intermarriage of the parents, at any future time. But by the laws of this country, as by those of England, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage.

Blackstone.

Bastard eigne', or bastard elder, in law, is when a man has a bastard son, and afterward marries the mother, and has a legitimate son, called mulier puisne, or younger.

Blackstone.

Bastard

B`ASTARD, noun A kind of sweet wine. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Bastard

B`ASTARD, adjective Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate.

2. Spurious; not genuine; false; supposititious; adulterate. In this sense, it is applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not genuine; as a bastard hope, bastard honors.

Shak. Temple.

In military affairs, bastard is applied to pieces of artillery which are of an unusual make or proportion, whether longer or shorter, as the double culverin extraordinary, half or quarter culverin extraordinary.

Encyc.

Bastard-Flower-fence, a plant, a species of Adenanthera.

Bastard-hemp, a plant, a species of Datisca, false hemp.

Bastard-Rocket, dyers-weed, or wild woad, a species of Reseda.

Bastard-Star of Bethlehem, a plant, a species of Albuca.

Bastard-Scarlet, a red color dyed with bale-madder.

Bastard

B`ASTARD, verb transitive To make or determine to be a bastard.

Bacon.

Bastardism

B`ASTARDISM, noun The state of a bastard.

Bastardize

B`ASTARDIZE, verb transitive To make or prove to be a bastard; to convict of being a bastard; to declare legally, or decide a person to be illegitimate.

The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.

Blackstone.

2. To beget a bastard.

Shak.

Bastardly

B`ASTARDLY, adverb In the manner of a bastard; spuriously.

Donne.

Bastards

B`ASTARDS, an appellation given to a faction or troop of bandits, who ravaged Guienne in France in the 14th century; supposed to have been headed by the illegitimate sons of noblemen, who were excluded from the rights of inheritance.

Mezeray.

Bastardy

B`ASTARDY, noun A state of being a bastard, or begotten and born out of lawful wedlock, which condition disables the person from inheriting an estate.

Blackstone.

Bastarnic

BASTARN'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Basternae, ancient inhabitants of the Carpathian mountains.

D'Anville.

Bastarnic Alps, the Carpathian mountains, between Poland, Hungary and Transylvania; so called from the ancient inhabitants, the Bastarnoe.

D'Anville.

Baste

BASTE, verb transitive [Armoric baz; French bÃƒ-¢ton, for baston; Spanish baston; Italian bastone, a stick or club.]

1. To beat with a stick.

2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon the spit, in roasting; to moisten with fat or other liquid.

Swift.

Baste

BASTE, verb transitive [Spanish bastear; Italian imbastire, to baste; Italian basta, a long stitch.]

To sew with long stitches; to sew slightly.

Basted

BASTED, participle passive Beat with a stick; moistened with fat or other matter in roasting; sewed together with long stitches, or slightly,

Bastile

BAS'TILE, noun [French, from bÃƒ-¢tir, bastir, to build.]

An old castle in Paris, built between 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison, and converted to the purpose of confining men for life, who happened to incur the resentment or jealousy of the French monarchs.

It was demolished by the enraged populace in 1789.

Bastinade

BASTINA'DE, or BASTINA'DO, noun [French bastonnade; Spanish bastonada; Italian bastonata, from bastone, a stick or staff. See Baste.]

A sound beating with a stick or cudgel; the blows given with a stick or staff. This name is given to a punishment in use among the Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

Bastinade

BASTINA'DE, or BASTINA'DO, verb transitive To beat with a stick or cudgel.

Basting

BASTING, participle of the present tense Beating with a stick; moistening with dripping; sewing together with long stitches.

Basting

BASTING, noun A beating with a stick; a moistening with dripping; a sewing together slightly with long stitches.

Bastion

BAS'TION, n. bas'chun. [French and Spanish bastion; Italian bastione; probably from bastir, bÃƒ-¢tir, to build, to set or found.]

A huge mass of earth, usually faced with sods, sometimes with brick, or stones, standing out from a rampart, of which it is a principal part; formerly called a bulwark. Bastions are solid or hollow. A flat bastion is made in the middle of the curtain, when it is too long to be defended by the bastions in its extremes. A cut bastion has its point cut off and instead of it a re-entering angle, or an angle inwards, with two points outward. A composed bastion has two sides of the interior polygon unequal, which makes the gorges unequal. A demibastion is composed of one face only, with one flank and a demigorge. A double bastion is one raised on the plane of another.

Encyc.

Basto

BAS'TO, noun The ace of clubs at quadrille.

Baston

BAS'TON, or BATOON', noun [Spanish See Baste.]

In architecture, a round molding in the base of a column; called also a tore, [torus.]

Encyc.

Bat

BAT, noun [Saxon bat; Irish bat, bata; Russian bot; allied to beat.]

1. A heavy stick or club; a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other.

2. Bat or bate, a small copper coin of Germany, with a small mixture of silver, worth four crutzers. Also a coin of Switzerland, worth five livres.

Encyc.

3. A term given by miners to shale or bituminous shale.

Kirwan.

Bat

BAT, verb intransitive To manage a bat, or play with one.

Mason.

Bat

BAT, noun [Rab. and Tal., or Buxtorf. I have not found this word in any European language, except in English.]

A race of quadrupeds, technically called Vespertilio, of the order primates, in Linne's system. The fore feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expanded into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. The species are numerous. Of these, the vampire or Ternate bat inhabits Africa and the Oriental Isles. These animals fly in flocks from isle to isle, obscuring the sun by their numbers. Their wings when extended measure five or six feet. They live on fruits; but are said sometimes to draw blood from persons when asleep. The bats of the northern latitudes are small; they are viviparous and suckle their young. Their skin resembles that of a mouse. They enter houses in pleasant summer evenings, feed upon moths, flies, flesh, and oily substances, and are torpid during the winter.

Encyc.

Bat-Fowler

BAT'-FOWLER, noun One who practices, or is pleased with bat-fowling.

Barrington.

Bat-Fowling

BAT'-FOWLING, noun A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. The birds flying to the light are caught with nets or otherwise.

Cowel. Encyc.

Batable

BA'TABLE, adjective [See Bate and Debate.] Disputable. The land between England and Scotland, which, when the kingdoms were distinct, was a subject of contention, was called batable ground.

Cowel. Encyc.

Batatas

BATA'TAS, noun A species of tick or mite, found on the potatoes of Surinam. Also the Peruvian name of the sweet potatoe.

Encyc.

Batavian

BATA'VIAN, adjective [from Batavi, the people who inhabited the isle.]

Pertaining to the isle of Betaw in Holland, between the Rhine and the Waal. But more generally, the word denotes what appertains to Holland in general.

Batavian

BATA'VIAN, noun A native of Betaw, or of the Low Countries.

Batch

BATCH, noun [Dutch bakzel; German gebÃƒ-¤ck; from bake.]

1. The quantity of bread baked at one time; a baking of bread.

2. Any quantity of a thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities.

B. Jonson.

Bate

BATE, noun [Saxon bate, contention. It is probably from the root of beat. See Debate.]

Strife; contention; retained in make-bate.

Bate

BATE, verb transitive [French battre, to beat, to batter; but perhaps from abattre, to beat down. The literal sense is, to beat, strike, thrust; to force down. See Beat.]

To lessen by retrenching, deducting or reducing; as, to bate the wages of the laborer; to bate good cheer.

Locke. Dryden.

[We now use abate.]

Bate

BATE, verb intransitive To grow or become less; to remit or retrench a part; with of.

Abate thy speed and I will bate of mine.

Dryden.

Spenser uses bate in the sense of sinking, driving in, penetrating; a sense regularly deducible from that of beat, to thrust.

Yet there the steel staid not, but inly bate

Deep in the flesh, and open'd wide a red flood gate.

Bate-Breeding

BATE-BREEDING, adjective Breeding strife. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bateful

BA'TEFUL, adjective Contentious; given to strife; exciting contention.

Sidney.

Bateless

BA'TELESS, adjective Not to be abated.

Shak.

Batement

BA'TEMENT, noun Abatement; deduction; diminution.

[Bate, with its derivatives, is, I believe, little used, or wholly obsolete in the U. States.]

Bateau

BATEAU, n. batto'. [French from Latin batillum.] A light boat, long in proportion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the ends.

Batenites

BAT'ENITES, BAT'ENISTS, or BATE'NIANS, noun A sect of apostates from Mohammedism, who professed the abominable practices of the Ismaelians and Kirmatians. The word signifies esoteric, or persons of inward light. [See Assassins.]

Batful

BAT'FUL, adjective [See Batten.] Rich, fertile, as land. [Not in use.]

Mason.

Bath

B`ATH, noun [Saxon boeth, batho, a bath; bathian, to bathe; Welsh badh, or baz; Dutch German Swedish Danish bad, a bath; Irish bath, the sea; Old Phrygian bedu, water. Qu. Welsh bozi, to immerse.]

1. A place for bathing; a convenient vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their bodies in. Baths are warm or tepid, hot or cold, more generally called warm and cold. They are also natural or artificial. Natural baths are those which consist of spring water, either hot or cold, which is often impregnated with iron, and called chalybeate, or with sulphur, carbonic acid, and other mineral qualities. These waters are often very efficacious in scorbutic, bilious, dyspeptic and other complaints.

2. A place in which heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance. Thus,

A dry bath is made of hot sand, ashes, salt, or other matter, for the purpose of applying heat to a body immersed in them.

A vapor bath is formed by filling an apartment with hot steam or vapor, in which the body sweats copiously, as in Russia; or the term is used for the application of hot steam to a diseased part of the body.

Encyc. Tooke.

A metalline bath is water impregnated with iron or other metallic substance, and applied to a diseased part.

Encyc.

In chimistry, a wet bath is formed by hot water in which is placed a vessel containing the matter which requires a softer heat than the naked fire.

In medicine, the animal bath is made by wrapping the part affected in a warm skin just taken from an animal.

Coxe.

3. A house for bathing. In some eastern countries, baths are very magnificent edifices.

4. A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and four pints, as a measure for liquids; and three pecks and three pints, as a dry measure.

Calmet.

Bath-Room

B`ATH-ROOM, noun An apartment for bathing.

Tooke.

Bathe

BATHE, verb transitive [Saxon bathian, to wash. See Bath. Qu. Welsh bozi, to immerse.]

1. To wash the body, or some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath; it often differs from ordinary washing in a longer application of water, to the body or to a particular part, as for the purpose of cleansing or stimulating the skin.

2. To wash or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or for cleansing, as a wound.

3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid; as, to bathe in tears or blood.

Bathe

BATHE, verb intransitive To be or lie in a bath; to be in water, or in other liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid, as in a bath; as, to bathe in fiery floods.

Shak.

Bathed

BA'THED, participle passive Washed as in a bath; moistened with a liquid; bedewed.

Bather

BA'THER, noun One who bathes; one who immerses himself in water, or who applies a liquid to himself or to another.

Tooke.

Bathing

BA'THING, participle of the present tense Washing by immersion, or by applying a liquid; moistening; fomenting.

Bathing

BA'THING, noun The act of bathing, or washing the body in water.

Mason.

Bathing-Tub

BA'THING-TUB, noun A vessel for bathing, usually made either of wood or tin. In the Royal Library at Paris, I saw a bathing-tub of porphyry, of beautiful form and exquisite workmanship.

Bathos

BA'THOS, noun [Greek; allied to bottom, and perhaps to Welsh bozi, to immerse.]

The art of sinking in poetry.

Arbuthnot.

Bating

BA'TING, participle of the present tense [from bate.] Abating; taking away; deducting; excepting.

Children have few ideas, bating some faint ideas of hunger and thirst.

Locke.

Batinist

BAT'INIST. [See Batenites.]

Batist

BAT'IST, noun A fine linen cloth made in Flanders and Picardy, of three different kinds or thicknesses.

Encyc.

Batlet

BAT'LET, noun [from bat.] A small bat, or square piece of wood with a handle, for beating linen when taken out of the buck.

Johnson.

Batman

BAT'MAN, noun A weight used in Smyrna, of six okes, each of 400 drams; equal to 16 lbs. 6 oz. 15 dr. English.

Batoon

BATOON' or BAT'ON, noun [French bÃƒ-¢ton from baston. See Baste.]

A staff or club; a marshal's staff; a truncheon; a badge of military honors.

Johnson.

Batrachite

BAT'RACHITE, noun [Greek, a frog.]

A fossil or stone in color resembling a frog.

Ash.

Batrachomyomachy

BAT'RACHOMYOM'ACHY, noun [Greek, a frog, a mouse, and, a battle.]

The battle between the frogs and mice; a burlesque poem ascribed to Homer.

Batracian

BATRA'CIAN, adjective [Greek, a frog.] Pertaining to frogs; an epithet designating an order of animals, including frogs, toads and similar animals.

Barnes.

Batracian

BATRA'CIAN, noun An animal of the order above mentioned.

Battable

BAT'TABLE, adjective Capable of cultivation. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Battailant

BAT'TAILANT, noun [See Battle.] A combatant. [Not used.]

Shelton.

Battailous

BAT'TAILOUS, adjective [See Battle.] Warlike; having the form or appearance of an army arrayed for battle; marshaled, as for an attack.

Milton. Fairfax.

Battalia

BATTAL'IA, noun [Spanish batalla; Italian battaglia, battle. See Battle.]

1. The order of battle; troops arrayed in their proper brigades, regiments, battalions, &c., as for action.

2. The main body of an army in array, distinguished from the wings.

Johnson.

Battalion

BATTAL'ION, noun [French bataillon. See Battle.]

A body of infantry, consisting of from 500 to 800 men; so called from being originally a body of men arrayed for battle. A battalion is generally a body of troops next below a regiment. Sometimes a battalion composes a regiment; more generally a regiment consists of two or more battalions.

Johnson. Encyc.

Shakspeare uses the word for an army.

Battalioned

BATTAL'IONED, adjective Formed into battalions.

Barlow.

Battel

BAT'TEL, noun [See Battle.]

In law, wager of battel, a species of trial for the decision of causes between parties. This species of trial is of high antiquity, among the rude military people of Europe. It was introduced into England, by William, the Norman Conqueror, and used in three cases only; in the court martial, or court of chivalry or honor; in appeals of felony; and in issues joined upon a writ of right. The contest was had before the judges, on a piece of ground inclosed, and the combatants were bound to fight till the stars appeared, unless the death of one party or victory sooner decided the contest. It is no longer in use.

Blackstone.

Battel

BATTEL, verb intransitive To grow fat. [Not in use.] [See batten.]

2. To stand indebted in the college books at Oxford, for provisions and drink, from the buttery. Hence a batteler answers to a sizer at Cambridge.

Battel

BAT'TEL, noun An account of the expenses of a student at Oxford.

Battel

BAT'TEL, adjective [See Batten.] Fertile; fruitful. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Batteler

BAT'TELER, or BAT'TLER, noun A student at Oxford.

Battement

BAT'TEMENT, noun [French] A beating; striking; impulse. [Not in use.]

Darwin, Zoon.

Batten

BAT'TEN, v. t. bat'n. [Russian botiayu. Qu. Arabic badana, to be fat; or faddana, to fatten. See Fat.]

1. To fatten; to make fat; to make plump by plenteous feeding.

Milton.

2. To fertilize or enrich land.

Philips.

Batten

BAT'TEN, verb intransitive To grow or become fat; to live in luxury, or to grow fat in ease and luxury.

Dryden.

The pampered monarch battening in ease.

Garth.

Batten

BAT'TEN, noun A piece of board or scantling, of a few inches in breadth, used in making doors and windows. It is not as broad as a pannel.

Encyc.

Batten

BAT'TEN, verb transitive To form with battens.

Batter

BAT'TER, verb transitive [French battre; Spanish batir; Italian battere; Latin batuo, to beat. See Beat.]

1. To beat with successive blows; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or demolish; as, to batter a wall.

2. To wear or impair with beating; as a battered pavement; a battered jade.

Dryden. Pope.

3. To attack with a battering ram.

4. To attack with heavy artillery, for the purpose of making a breach in a wall or rampart.

Batter

BAT'TER, verb intransitive To swell, bulge or stand out, as a timber or side of a wall from its foundation.

Moxon.

Batter

BAT'TER, noun [from beat or batter.]

A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, eggs, salt, &c., beaten together with some liquor, used in cookery.

King.

Battered

BAT'TERED, participle passive Beaten; bruised, broken, impaired by beating or wearing.

Batterer

BAT'TERER, noun One who batters or beats.

Battering

BAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Beating; dashing against; bruising or demolishing by beating.

Battering-Ram

BAT'TERING-RAM, noun In antiquity, a military engine used to beat down the walls of besieged places. It was a large beam, with a head of iron somewhat resembling the head of a ram, whence its name. It was suspended by ropes in the middle to a beam which was supported by posts, and balanced so as to swing backwards and forwards, and was impelled by men against the wall. It was sometimes mounted on wheels.

Battery

BAT'TERY, noun [French batterie; Spanish bateria; Italian batteria. See Beat.]

1. The act of battering, or beating.

2. The instrument of battering.

3. In the military art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners and others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with the guns employed. Thus, to erect a battery, is to form the parapet and mount the guns. The term is applied also to a number of guns ranged in order for battering, and to mortars used for a like purpose.

Cross batteries are two batteries which play athwart each other, forming an angle upon the object battered.

Battery d'enfilade, is one which scours or sweeps the whole line or length.

Battery en echarpe, is that which plays obliquely.

Battery de revers, is that which plays upon the enemy's back.

Camerade battery, is when several guns play at the same time upon one place.

Encyc.

4. In law, the unlawful beating of another. The least violence or the touching of another in anger is a battery.

Blackstone.

5. In electrical apparatus and experiments, a number of coated jars placed in such a manner, that they may be charged at the same time, and discharged in the same manner. This is called an electrical battery.

6. Galvanic battery, a pile or series of plates of copper and zink, or of any substances susceptible of galvanic action.

Batting

BAT'TING, noun The management of a bat play.

Mason.

Battish

BAT'TISH, adjective [from bat, an animal.]

Resembling a bat; as a battish humor.

Vernon.

Battle

BAT'TLE, noun [French bataille; Welsh batel, a drawing of the bow, a battle; Spanish batalla; Italian battaglia, from beating. See Beat. Owen supposes the Welsh batel, to be from tel, tight, stretched, compact, and the word primarily to have expressed the drawing of the bow. This is probably an error. The first battles of men were with clubs, or some weapons used in beating, striking. Hence the club of Hercules. And although the moderns use different weapons, still a battle is some mode of beating or striking.]

1. A fight, or encounter between enemies, or opposing armies; an engagement. It is usually applied to armies or large bodies of men; but in popular language, the word is applied to an encounter between small bodies, between individuals, or inferior animals. It is also more generally applied to the encounters of land forces than of ships; the encounters of the latter being called engagements. But battle is applicable to any combat of enemies.

2. A body of forces, or division of an army.

Bacon.

The main body, as distinct from the van and rear. Obs.

Hayward.

To give battle, is to attack an enemy; to join battle, is properly to meet the attack; but perhaps this distinction is not always observed.

A pitched battle is one in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.

To turn the battle to the gate, is to fight valiantly, and drive the enemy, who hath entered the city, back to the gate. Isaiah 28.

Battle

BAT'TLE, v.i. [French batailler; Spanish batallar.]

To join in battle; to contend in fight; sometimes with it; as, to battle it.

Addison.

Battle

BAT'TLE, v.t. To cover with armed force.

Fairfax.

Battle-Array

BATTLE-ARRA'Y, noun [battle and array.]

Array or order of battle; the disposition of forces preparatory to a battle.

Battle-Ax

BAT'TLE-AX, or BAT'TLE-AXE, noun An ax anciently used as a weapon of war. It has been used till of late years by the highlanders in Scotland; and is still used by the city guards in Edinburg, in quelling mobs, &c.

Encyc.

Battle-Door

BAT'TLE-DOOR, n. bat'tl-dore. An instrument of play, with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to strike a ball or shuttle-cock; a racket.

Locke.

2. A child's horn book. [Not in use in U. S.]

Battlement

BAT'TLEMENT, noun [This is said to have been bastillement, from bastille, a fortification, from French bÃƒ-¢tir, bastir, to build. Qu.]

A wall raised on a building with openings or embrasures, or the embrasure itself.

Encyc. Johnson.

Battlemented

BAT'TLEMENTED, adjective Secured by battlements.

Herbert.

Battling

BAT'TLING, noun Conflict.

Thomson.

Battologist

BATTOL'OGIST, noun [See Battology.]

One that repeats the same thing in speaking or writing. [Little used.]

Whitlock.

Battologize

BATTOL'OGIZE, verb transitive To repeat needlessly the same thing. [Little used.]

Herbert.

Battology

BATTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, from, a garrulous person, and, discourse.]

A needless repetition of words in speaking.

Ash. Encyc.

Batton

BAT'TON, noun [from bat.] In commerce, pieces of wood or deal for flooring, or other purposes.

Encyc.

Battory

BAT'TORY, noun Among the Hans-Towns, a factory or magazine which the merchants have in foreign countries.

Encyc.

Battulate

BAT'TULATE, v.t. To interdict commerce. [A word used by the Levant company.]

Eton.

Battulation

BATTULA'TION, noun A prohibition of commerce.

Eton.

Batty

BAT'TY, adjective [from bat, an animal.]

Belonging to a bat.

Shak.

Batz

BATZ, noun A small copper coin with a mixture of silver, current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland.

Encyc.

Baubee

BAUBEE', noun [Qu. French bas-billon.] In Scotland and the North of England, a half penny.

Johnson.

Bauge

BAUGE, noun A drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with thread spun thick, and of coarse wool.

Encyc.

Baulk

BAULK. [See Balk.]

Bavaroy

BAV'AROY, noun A kind of cloke or surtout.

Johnson.

Bavin

BAV'IN, noun A stick like those bound up in faggots; a piece of waste wood. In war, brush, faggots.

Johnson. Encyc.

Bawble

BAW'BLE, noun [French babiole, a toy, or baby-thing; according to Spelman, baubella are gems or jewels.]

A trifling piece of finery; a gew-gaw; that which is gay or showy without real value.

Dryden.

Bawbling

BAWB'LING, adjective Trifling; contemptible. Obs.

Shak.

Baw-Cock

BAW'-COCK, noun A fine fellow. [Qu. beau-cock.]

Shak.

Bawd

BAWD, noun [I know not the origin of this word; but in French, baudir is a term in hunting, signifying to excite or encourage dogs to the chase; formed, according to Lunier, from the Low Latin, baldire, or exbaldire, to enliven, to quicken; which, from the Italian, baldo, baldanza, appears to be from the root of bold, the primary sense of which is, to project, to push or rush forward. In Welsh pud is what tends to allure. But one author quotes Hesychius, as giving Greek, a procurer or procuress.]

A procurer or procuress. A person who keeps a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. [Usually applied to females.]

Bawd

BAWD, v.i. To procure; to provide women for lewd purposes.

2. To foul or dirty. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Bawd-Born

BAWD'-BORN, adjective Descended from a bawd.

Shak.

Bawdily

BAWD'ILY, adverb Obscenely; lewdly.

Bawdiness

BAWD'INESS, noun Obscenity; lewdness.

Bawdrick

BAWD'RICK, noun [See Baldrick.] A belt.

Chapman.

Bawdry

BAWD'RY, noun [See Bawd.] The abominable practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.

2. Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.

Bawdy

BAWD'Y, adjective Obscence; filthy; unchaste; applied to language.

Bawdy-House

BAWD'Y-HOUSE, adjective A house of lewdness and prostitution.

Bawl

BAWL, verb intransitive [Saxon bellan; Swedish bola, to low or bellow; Welsh ballaw; German bellen, to bark; Dutch balderen, to roar; Latin balo, to bleat; French piailler, to bawl, to pule; Hebrew the blast of a trumpet; Persian bala, a cry or clamor; and Arabic and Hebrew, to weep, to wail. These all coincide in elements with Latin pello, appello, peal, and the primary sense is the same.]

1. To cry out with a loud full sound; to hoot; to cry with vehemence, as in calling, or in pain or exultation.

2. To cry loud, as a child from pain or vexation.

Bawl

BAWL, v.t. To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier.

Swift.

Bawled

BAWL'ED, participle passive Proclaimed by outcry.

Bawling

BAWL'ING, participle of the present tense Crying aloud.

Bawling

BAWL'ING, noun The act of crying with a loud sound.

Bawn

BAWN, noun An inclosure with mud or stone walls for keeping cattle; a fortification. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Bawrel

BAW'REL, noun A kind of hawk.

Todd.

Bawsin

BAW'SIN, noun A badger.

B. Jonson.

Baxterian

BAXTE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Baxter, a celebrated English divine; as the Baxterian scheme.

Encyc.

Bay

BAY, adjective [French bai or baie; Italian baio; Spanish bayo; Latin badius. Class Bd.]

Red, or reddish, inclining to a chesnut color; applied to the color of horses. The shades of this color are called light bay, dark bay, dappled bay, gilded bay, chesnut bay. In popular language, in England, all bay horses are called brown.

Johnson. Encyc.

Bay

BAY, noun [French baie; Spanish Portugese bahia; Italian baia; Dutch baai; contracted from the root of Saxon byge, an angle, bygan, Dutch boogen, to bend, whence bow.]

1. An arm of the sea, extending into the land, not of any definite form, but smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. The name however is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve, as Hudson's Bay. Nor is the name restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but used for any recess or inlet between capes or head lands, as the bay of Biscay.

2. A pond-head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driving mill-wheels. [I believe not used in U. S..]

3. In a barn, a place between the floor and the end of the building, or a low inclosed place, for depositing hay.

In England, says Johnson, if a barn consists of a floor and two heads, where they lay corn, they call it a barn of two bays. These bays are from 14 to 20 feet long, and floors from 10 to 12 feet broad, and usually 20 feet long, which is the breadth of the barn.

Builder's Dict.

4. In ships of war, that part on each side between decks which lies between the bitts.

Mar. Dict.

5. Any kind of opening in walls.

Chambers.

Bay

BAY, noun [Qu. Greek, a branch of the palm tree. In Spanish baya is a berry, the fruit of the laurel.]

1. The laurel tree. Hence,

2. Bays, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel.

The patriot's honors, and the poet's bays.

Trumbull.

3. In some parts of the U. States, a tract of land covered with bay trees.

Drayton, S. Carolina.

Bay

BAY, noun [Gothic beidan, to expect; Italian bada; "tenere a bada," to keep at bay; "star a bada," to stand trifling; badare, to stand trifling, to amuse one's self, to take care, to watch, to covet; abbadare, to mind; French bayer, to gape or stand gaping. Qu. aboyer.]

A state of expectation, watching or looking for; as, to keep a man at bay. So a stag at bay is when he turns his head against the dogs. Whence abeyance, in law, or a state of expectancy.

Bay

BAY, v.i. [French aboyer; Italian baiare, to bark.]

1. To bark, as a dog at his game.

Spenser.

2. To encompass, or inclose, from bay. We now use embay.

Shak.

Bay

BAY, verb transitive To bark at; to follow with barking.

Shak.

Bay-Salt

BAY-SALT, is salt which crystalizes or receives its consistence from the heat of the sun or action of the air. It forms in pits or basins, and from this circumstance receives its denomination. It appears first in a slight incrustation upon the surface of the water, which may be sea water, or any other water in which salt is dissolved. This crust thickens and hardens, till the crystalization is perfected, which takes place, in eight, ten or fifteen days.

Encyc. Chambers.

Bay-Window

BAY-WINDOW, noun A window jutting out from the wall, as in shops.

Bay-Yarn

BAY-YARN, noun A denomination sometimes used promiscuously with woolen yarn.

Chambers.

Bayard

BA'YARD, noun [bay and ard, kind.]

1. A bay horse.

Philips.

2. An unmannerly beholder.

B. Jonson.

Bayardly

BA'YARDLY, adjective Blind; stupid.

Taylor.

Bayed

BA'YED, adjective Having bays, as a building.

Bayonet

BA'YONET, noun [French baÃƒ-¯onette; Spanish bayoneta; Italian baionetta; so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne. Vieyra's Portuguese Dict.]

A short pointed instrument of iron or broad dagger, formerly with a handle fitted to the bore of a gun, where it was inserted for use, after the soldier had fired; but now made with an iron handle and ring which go over the muzzle of the piece, so that the soldier fires with his bayonet fixed.

Encyc.

Bayonet

BA'YONET, v.t. To stab with a bayonet.

2. To compel or drive by the bayonet.

Burke.

Bays

BAYS, or BAYZE. [See Baize.]

Bazar

BAZ'AR, noun [Pers. bazar; Russian bazari, a market.]

Among the Turks and Persians, an exchange, market-place, or place where goods are exposed to sale. Some bazars are open, others are covered with lofty ceilings or domes, pierced to give light. The bazar at Tauris will contain 30,000 men.

Encyc.

Bazat

BAZ'AT, or BAZ'A, noun A long, fine spun cotton from Jerusalem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton.

Encyc.

Bdellium

BDEL'LIUM, n. dell'yum. [Latin; Greek; Syriac Chaldee Hebrew. Bochart and Parkhurst translate it, pearl. Genesis 2. But it is doubtful whether the bdellium of the scriptures is that now used.]

A gummy resinous juice, produced by a tree in the East Indies, of which we have no satisfactory account. It is brought from the E. Indies and from Arabia, in pieces of different sizes and figures, externally of a dark reddish brown, internally, clear and not unlike to glue. To the taste, it is slightly bitterish and pungent; its odor is agreeable. In the mouth, it becomes soft and sticks to the teeth; on a red hot iron, it readily catches flame and burns with a crackling noise. It is used as a perfume and a medicine, being a weak deobstruent.

Encyc.

Be

BE, v. i. substantive; ppr. being; pp. been. [Saxon beon, to be. German bin, bist; Dutch ben; Indic. pres. tense. Qu. Pers. bodan, to be, and Welsh bod, byzu, bydiaw.

The sense is to stand, remain or be fixed; hence to continue. This verb is defective, and its defects are supplied by verbs from other roots, am, is, was, were, which have no radical connection with be. The case is the same with the substantive verb in most languages.]

1. To be fixed; to exist; to have a real state or existence, for a longer or shorter time.

Let this mind be in you, which was in Christ Jesus. Philippians 2.

To be, contents his natural desire.

Pope.

2. To be made to be; to become.

And they twain shall be one flesh. Matthew 19. Jeremiah 32.

3. To remain. Let the garment be as it was made.

4. To be present in a place. Where was I at the time? When will you be at my house?

5. To have a particular manner of being or happening; as, how is this affair? how was it? what were the circumstances?

This verb is used as an auxiliary in forming the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving to them the passive form; as, he has been disturbed. It forms, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which often expresses duty, necessity or purpose; as, government is to be supported; we are to pay our just debts.

Let be is to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone.

Let be, said he, my prey.

Dryden.

Be

BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same word as by; Saxon be, big; Gothic bi. It is common to the English, Saxon, Gothic, German, Dutch, Danish and Swedish languages. It occurs probably in the Russian, but is written po, as it is in possideo and a few other words in the Latin. It denotes nearness, closeness, about, on, at, from some root signifying to pass or to press. [See By.]

That this word is the Shemitic, used as a prefix, is certain, not only from its general, applications, which may be seen by comparing the uses of the word, in the Hebrew for instance, with those in the Saxon; but from its use in particular phrases, particularly in its use before the name of the Supreme being in swearing. Hence we find that is not from nor from, as Parkhurst supposes, but is a contraction of big, which is used in the Saxon, bigspell, a proverb, a by-word; bigstandan, to stand by.

Beach

BEACH, noun [Qu. Russian bok, coast.]

The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is washed by the tide and waves; the strand. It may be sometimes used for the shore of large rivers.

Beached

BE'ACHED, adjective Exposed to the waves; washed by the tide and waves.

Shak.

Beachy

BE'ACHY, adjective Having a beach or beaches.

Shak.

Beacon

BE'ACON, n. beÃƒ-©kn. [Welsh pigwn, a beacon, cone, or turret, from pig, a point. See Pike. Saxon beacen, becen, a signal; Dutch baak, baaken; German bake.]

1. A signal erected on a long pole, upon an eminence, consisting of a pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at night, or to cause a smoke by day, to notify the approach of an enemy.

2. A light-house; a house erected on a point of land, or other place on the sea-coast, with lamps which burn at night, to direct navigators, and preserve vessels from running upon rocks, sand banks, or the shore. In general, a beacon may be any light or mark intended for direction and security against danger.

3. Figuratively, that which gives notice of danger.

Beaconage

BE'ACONAGE, noun Money paid for the maintenance of a beacon.

Encyc. Ash.

Bead

BEAD, noun [German bethe, a bead; supposed from beten, biddan, to pray, from the use of beads in Catholic countries; Saxon bead, a praying. In Spanish and Portuguese, the word answering to count is used for a bead.]

1. A little perforated ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn about the neck, for ornament. A string of beads is called a necklace. Beads are made of gold, pearl, amber, steel, garnet, coral, diamond, crystal, pastes, glasses, &c. The Romanists use strings of beads in rehearsing their prayers. Hence the phrase, to tell beads, and to be at one's beads, is to be at prayer.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. Any small globular body; hence the glass globules, used in traffick with savages, and sold in strings, are called beads; also a bubble on spirit.

3. In architecture, a round molding, commonly made upon the edge of a piece of stuff, in the Corinthian and Roman orders, cut or carved in short embossments, like beads in necklaces.

Encyc.

Bidding of beads, is a charge given by a priest to his parishioners, to repeat certain pater-nosters upon their beads for a departed soul.

Bailey.

Bead-Maker

BE'AD-MAKER, noun One who makes beads. In French, paternostrier is one who makes, strings, and sells beads. In Paris are three companies of paternostriers; one that works in glass or crystal; one, in wood and horn; a third, in amber, coral, &c.

Encyc.

Bead-Proof

BE'AD-PROOF, adjective Spirit is bead-proof, when, after being shaken, a crown of bubbles will stand, for some time after, on the surface, manifesting a certain standard of strength.

Encyc.

Bead-Roll

BE'AD-ROLL, noun Among Catholics, a list or catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose souls, they are to repeat a certain number of prayers, which they count by their beads.

Encyc.

Bead-Tree

BE'AD-TREE, noun The azedarach, a species of Melia, a native of the Indies, growing about 20 feet high, aborned with large pinnated or winged leaves, and clusters of pentapetalous flowers.

Encyc.

Beads-Man

BE'ADS-MAN, noun A man employed in praying, generally in praying for another.

Johnson.

Beads-Woman

BE'ADS-WOMAN, noun A praying woman; a woman who resides in an alms-house.

Ash.

Beadle

BE'ADLE, noun [Saxon bydel, or boedel; French bedeau; Spanish bedel; Italian bidello; German bÃƒ-¼ttel, pedell; Swedish bodel, a beadle, or lictor; from the root of bid, Saxon beodan, to order or command. See Bid.]

1. A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one who cites persons to appear and answer; called also an apparitor or summoner.

Encyc.

2. An officer in a university, whose chief business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a public procession; or as in America, before the president, trustees, faculty and students of a college, in a procession, at public commencements.

Encyc.

3. A parish officer, whose business is to punish petty offenders.

Johnson.

Beadleship

BE'ADLESHIP, noun The office of a beadle.

Wood.

Beagle

BE'AGLE, noun [French bigle, so named from littleness; Welsh bac, little; Irish pig; Italian piccolo. We have from the same root boy, and the Danes pige, a little girl, and probably pug is the same word. Qu. Greek, a pygmy.]

A small hound, or hunting dog. Beagles are of different sorts; as the southern beagle, shorter and less, but thicker, than the deep-mouthed hound; the fleet northern, or cat beagle, smaller, and of a finer shape than the southern. From these species united, is bred a third, still preferable; and a smaller sort is little larger than the lapdog.

Encyc.

Beak

BEAK, noun [Dutch bek; Welsh pig; Irish peac; Armoric bek; French bec; Spanish pico; Italian becco; Danish pig, pik; Swedish pigg, pik; Saxon piic; French pique; peak, pike, &c. The sense is, a shoot, or a point, from thrusting; and this word is connected with a numerous family. See Class Bg.]

1. The bill, or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny substance, either straight or curving, and ending in a point.

2. A pointed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a beak, fastened to the end of ancient gallies; intended to pierce the vessels of an enemy. In modern ships, the beak-head is a name given to the fore-part of a ship, whose forecastle is square, or oblong; a circumstance common to all ships of war, which have two or more tiers of guns.

Mar. Dict.

Beak or beak-head, that part of a ship, before the forecastle, which is fastened to the stem, and supported by the main knee.

Encyc.

3. In farriery, a little shoe, at the toe, about an inch long, turned up and fastened in upon the fore part of the hoof.

Farrier's Dict.

4. Any thing ending in a point, like a beak. This in America is more generally pronounced peak.

Beak

BEAK, v.t. Among cock fighters, to take hold with the beak.

Ash.

Beaked

BE'AKED, adjective Having a beak; ending in a point, like a beak.

Beaker

BE'AKER, noun [German becher.] A cup or glass.

Johnson.

Beakiron

BE'AKIRON, noun A bickern; an iron tool, ending in a point, used by blacksmiths.

Ash.

Beal

BEAL, noun [See Boil. Welsh bal, a prominence.] A pimple; a whelk; a small inflammatory tumor; a pustule.

Johnson. Ash.

Beal

BEAL, v.i. To gather matter; to swell and come to a head, as a pimple.

Johnson. Ash.

Beam

BEAM, noun [Gothic bagms, a tree; Saxon beam; German baum; Dutch boom, a tree; Danish bom, a bar or rail; Irish beim, a beam. We see by the Gothic, that the word belongs to Class

Bg. It properly signifies the stock or stem of a tree; that is, the fixed, firm part.]

1. The largest, or a principal piece in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to support the principal rafters.

Encyc.

2. Any large piece of timber, long in proportion to its thickness, and squared, or hewed for use.

3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended; sometimes used for the whole apparatus for weighing.

Encyc.

4. The part on the head of a stag, which bears the antlers, royals and tops.

5. The pole of a carriage, which runs between the horses.

Dryden.

6. A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; and this name is given also to the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is wove.

7. The straight part or shank of an anchor.

8. In ships, a great main cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship from falling together. The beams support the decks and orlops. The main beam is next the main-mast.

Mar. Dict.

9. The main piece of a plow, in which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn.

10. Beam compass, an instrument consisting of a square wooden or brass beam, having sliding sockets, that carry steel or pencil points; used for describing large circles, and in large projections for drawing the furniture on wall-dials.

Encyc. Johnson.

On the beam, in navigation, signifies any distance from the ship, on a line with the beams, or at right angles with the keel.

Mar. Dict.

Before the beam, is an arch of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right angles, or the line of the beam, and that point of the compass which she steers.

Mar. Dict.

Beam ends. A vessel is said to be on her beam ends, when she inclines so much on one side that her beams approach a vertical position.

Mar. Dict.

Beam-feathers, in falconry, the long feathers of a hawk's wing.

Bailey.

Beam-Bird

BE'AM-BIRD, noun In Yorkshire, England, the petty chaps, a species of Motacilla, called in Dorsetshire, the hay-bird.

Encyc.

The spotted fly-catcher, a species of Muscicapa.

Ed. Encyc.

Beam-Tree

BE'AM-TREE, noun A species of wild service.

Johnson.

The Crataegus Aria.

Cyc.

Beam

BEAM, noun [Saxon beam, a ray of the sun; beamian, to shine or send forth beams; Samaritan bahmah, splendor; Irish beim, a stroke, and solbheim, a thunderbolt.]

A ray of light, emitted from the sun, or other luminous body.

Beam

BEAM, verb transitive To send forth; to emit.

Beam

BEAM, verb intransitive To emit rays of light, or beams; to shine.

He beam'd, the day star of the rising age.

Trumbull.

Beaming

BE'AMING, participle of the present tense Emitting rays of light or beams.

Beaming

BE'AMING, noun Radiation; the emission or darting of light in rays.

2. The issuing of intellectual light; dawn; prophetic intimation; first indication.

Such were the beamings of an original and gifted mind.

T. Dawes.

Beamless

BE'AMLESS, adjective Emitting no rays of light.

Beamy

BE'AMY, adjective Emitting rays of light; radiant; shining.

2. Resembling a beam in size and weight; massy.

Dryden.

3. Having horns, or antlers.

Dryden.

Bean

BEAN, noun [Saxon bean; Danish bÃƒ-¶nne; Swedish b\?\na; Greek; Dutch boon; German bohne; Chaldee, apun, a vetch. Qu. Armoric favon; Cornish id.; Welsh faen.]

A name given to several kinds of pulse, or leguminous seeds, and the plants producing them. They belong to several genera, particularly Vicia, Phaseolus and Dolichos. The varieties most usually cultivated are, the horse bean, the mazagan, the kidney bean, the cranberry bean, the lima bean, the frost bean, &c. The stalk is erect or climbing, and the fruit generally roundish, oval or flat, and of various colors.

Malacca-beans. Anacardia, the fruit of a tree growing in Malabar, and other parts of the Indies. This fruit is of a shining black color, of the shape of a heart flattened, about an inch long, terminating at one end in an obtuse point, and at the other, adhering to a wrinkled stalk. It contains, within two shells, a kernel of a sweetish taste; and betwixt the shells is lodged a thick acrid juice.

Encyc.

Bean-Caper

BE'AN-CAPER, noun A plant, a species of zygophyllum, a native of warm climates.

Encyc.

Bean-Cod

BE'AN-COD, noun A small fishing vessel or pilot boat, used in the rivers of Portugal. It is sharp forward, having its stem bent above into a great curve, and plated with iron.

Encyc.

Bean-Fed

BE'AN-FED, adjective Fed with beans.

Shak.

Bean-Fly

BE'AN-FLY, noun A beautiful fly, of a pale purple color, found on bean flowers, produced from a maggot called mida.

Encyc.

Bean-Goose

BE'AN-GOOSE, noun A species of Anas; a migratory bird, which arrives in England in autumn, and retires to the north in summer. It is so named, from the likeness of the nail of the bill to a horse-bean.

Encyc.

Bean-tree of America, a name given to the Erythrina.

Kidney-Bean-tree, a name given to the Glycine.

Binding-bean-tree, a name given to the Mimosa.

Bean-trefoil, the Cytisus.

Fam. of Plants.

Bear

BEAR, verb transitive pret. bore; pp. born, borne. [Saxon boeran, beran, beoran, byran, geboeran, geberan, gebyran, aboeran, aberan, to bear, carry, bring, sustain, produce, bring forth; gebyrian, gebyrigan, to pertain to, to belong to, to happen, to become, or be suitable; answering to the Latin fero, porto, pario and oporteo. Hence, probably, Saxon barn, bearn, a son, coinciding with born. Gothic bairan, to bear, or carry; gabairan, to bear; German fÃƒ-¼hren, to carry, and gebÃƒ-¤ren, to bring forth; Dutch beuren, to lift; voeren, to carry or bear; baaren, to bring forth; Swedish b\?\ra, to carry; b\?\ra fram, to bring forth;

barn, a son; Danish boerer, to carry, bear, produce; Latin fero, pario, porto; Greek,; Spanish Portugese parir, to bring forth; portar, to carry; Italian portare, to carry; Irish bearadh, beirim, to bear or bring forth, to tell or relate, whence French parler; Russian beru, to take, to carry; Sanscrit bharadi, to bear. This verb I suppose to be radically the same as the Shemitic to produce; Latin pario. The primary sense is to throw out, to bring forth, or in general, to thrust or drive along. It includes the proper significations, both of Latin fero and pario; Shemitic and. Hence, probably, Greek, and a great family of words. See Class Br. No. 15, 22, 33, 35.]

1. To support; to sustain; as, to bear a weight or burden.

2. To carry; to convey; to support and remove from place to place; as, "they bear him upon the shoulder;" "the eagle beareth them on her wings."

Isaiah. Deuteronomy.

3. To wear; to bear as a mark of authority or distinction; as, to bear a sword, a badge, a name; to bear arms in a coat.

4. To keep afloat; as, the water bears a ship.

5. To support or sustain without sinking or yielding; to endure; as, a man can bear severe pain or calamity; or to sustain with proportionate strength, and without injury; as, a man may bear stronger food or drink.

6. To entertain; to carry in the mind; as, to bear a great love for a friend; to bear inveterate hatred to gaming.

7. To suffer; to undergo; as, to bear punishment.

8. To suffer without resentment, or interference to prevent; to have patience; as, to bear neglect or indignities.

9. To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change; as, to give words the most favorable interpretation they will bear.

10. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants, or the young of animals; as, to bear apples; to bear children.

11. To give birth to, or be the native place of.

Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore.

Dryden.

12. To possess and use as power; to exercise; as, to bear sway.

13. To gain or win.

Some think to bear it by speaking a great word.

Bacon.

[Not now used. The phrase now used is, to bear away.]

14. To carry on, or maintain; to have; as, to bear a part in conversation.

15. To show or exhibit; to relate; as, to bear testimony or witness. This seems to imply utterance, like the Latin fero, to relate or utter.

16. To sustain the effect, or be answerable for; as, to bear the blame.

17. To sustain, as expense; to supply the means of paying; as, to bear the charges, that is, to pay the expenses.

18. To be the object of.

Let me but bear your love, and I'll bear your cares. [Unusual.]

Shak.

19. To behave; to act in any character; as, "hath he borne himself penitent?" [Not usual.]

Shak.

20. To remove, or to endure the effects of; and hence to give satisfaction for.

He shall bear their iniquities. Isaiah 53. Hebrews 9.

To bear the infirmities of the weak, to bear one another's burdens, is to be charitable towards their faults, to sympathize with them, and to aid them in distress.

Brown.

To bear off, is to restrain; to keep from approach; and in seamanship, to remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against any thing; as, to bear off a blow; to bear off a boat; also, to carry away; as, to bear off stolen goods.

To bear down, is to impel or urge; to over-throw or crush by force; as, to bear down an enemy.

To bear down upon, to press to overtake; to make all sail to come up with.

To bear hard, is to press or urge.

Cesar doth bear me hard.

Shak.

To bear on, is to press against; also to carry forward, to press, incite or animate.

Confidence hath borne thee on.

Milton.

To bear through, is to conduct or manage; as, "to bear through the consulship." B. Jonson. Also, to maintain or support to the end; as, religion will bear us through the evils of life.

To bear out, is to maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last.

Company only can bear a man out in an ill thing.

South.

To bear up, to keep from falling.

Religious hope bears up the mind under sufferings.

Addison.

To bear up, to keep afloat.

To bear a body. A color is said to bear a body in painting, when it is capable of being ground so fine, and mixed so entirely with the oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color.

Johnson.

To bear date, is to have the mark of time when written or executed; as, a letter or bond bears date, Jan. 6, 1811.

To bear a price, is to have a certain price. In common mercantile language, it often signifies or implies, to bear a good or high price.

To bear in hand, to amuse with false pretenses; to deceive.

Bacon. South. Shak.

I believe this phrase is obsolete, or never used in America.

To bear a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick.

Bear

BEAR, verb intransitive To suffer, as with pain.

But man is born to bear.

Pope.

This is unusual in prose; and though admissible, is rendered intransitive, merely by the omission of pain, or other word expressive of evil.

2. To be patient; to endure.

I cannot, cannot bear.

Dryden.

This also seems to be elliptical.

3. To produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to barrenness.

This age to blossom, and the next to bear.

Dryden.

Here fruit must be understood.

4. To take effect; to succeed; as, to bring matters to bear.

Guardian.

5. To act in any character.

Instruct me how I may bear like a true friar [Unusual.]

Shak.

6. To be situated as to the point of compass, with respect to something else; as, the land bore E. N. E. from the ship.

7. To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a ship, when close hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and make her run before the wind. To bear up, is used in a like sense, from the act of bearing up the helm to the windward.

Mar. Dict.

Hence, perhaps, in other cases, the expression may be used to denote tending or moving from.

8. To bear down, is to drive or tend to; to approach with a fair wind; as, the fleet bore down upon the enemy.

9. To bear in, is to run or tend towards; as, a ship bear in with the land; opposed to bear off, or keeping at a greater distance.

10. To bear up, is to tend or move towards; as, to bear up to one another: also, to be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; as, to bear up under afflictions.

11. To bear upon, or against, is to lean upon or against; to act on as weight or force, in any direction, as a column upon its base, or the sides of two inclining objects against each other.

12. To bear against, to approach for attack or seizure; as, "a lion bears against his prey."

Dryden.

13. To bear upon, to act upon; as, the artillery bore upon the center; or to be pointed or situated so as to affect; as, to bring or plant guns so as to bear upon a fort, or a ship.

14. To bear with, to endure what is unpleasing; to be indulgent; to forbear to resent, oppose, or punish.

Reason would I should bear with you. Acts 18.

Shall not God avenge his elect, though he bear long with them? Luke 18.

Bear Cloth

BEAR CLOTH, or BEARING-CLOTH, noun A cloth in which a new born child is covered when carried to church to be baptized.

Shak.

Bear

BEAR, noun [Saxon bera; German bÃƒ-¤r; Dutch beer; Swedish Danish and Icelandic biÃƒ-¶rn; Irish bear; allied perhaps to fierce, Latin ferus, fera, or to barbarus.]

1. A wild quadruped, of the genus Ursus. The marks of the genus are, six fore teeth in the upper jaw, alternately hollow on the inside; and six in the under jaw, the two lateral ones lobated; the dog teeth are solitary and conical; the eyes have a nictitating membrane, and the nose is prominent.

The arctos, or black bear, has his body covered with long shaggy hair. Some are found in Tartary, of a pure white color. The polar, or white bear, has a long head and neck; short, round ears; the hair long, soft, and white, tinged in some parts with yellow. He grows to a great size, the skins of some being 13 feet long. This bear lives in cold climates only, and frequently swims from one isle of ice to another.

Encyc.

2. The name of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called the greater and lesser bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is the pole star.

Bear-Baiting

BEAR-BAITING, noun The sport of baiting bears with dogs.

Shak.

Bear-Berry

BEAR-BERRY, noun A plant, a species of Arbutus.

Bear-Bind

BEAR-BIND, noun A species of bind weed, or Convolvulus.

Bears-Breech

BEAR'S-BREECH, noun Brank-ursine or Acanthus, a genus of plants.

Bears-Ear

BEAR'S-EAR, noun The trivial name of primula auricula.

Bears Ear Sanicle

BEAR'S EAR SANICLE, noun A species of Cortusa.

Bear-Fly

BEAR-FLY, noun An insect.

Bacon.

Bears-Foot

BEAR'S-FOOT, noun A plant, a species of hellebore.

Bear-Garden

BEAR-GARDEN, noun A place where bears are kept for diversion.

Ash.

Bear-Garden

BEAR-GARDEN, adjective Rude; turbulent; as bear-garden sport.

Todd.

Bear-Whelp

BEAR-WHELP, noun The whelp of a bear.

Shak.

Bears Wort

BEAR'S WORT, noun A plant.

Shak.

Beard

BEARD, n. berd. [Saxon beard; Dutch baard; German bart; Danish bart; Latin barba; Russian boroda, the beard and the chin; probably from bear.]

1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips and adjacent parts of the face, chiefly of male adults; hence a mark of virility. A gray beard, long beard and reverend beard, are terms for old age.

2. Beard is sometimes used for the face, and to do a thing to a man's beard, is to do it in defiance, or to his face.

Johnson.

3. The awn or sharp prickles on the ears of corn. But more technically, parallel hairs or a tuft of stiff hairs terminating the leaves of plants, a species of pubescence. By some authors the name is given to the lower lip of a ringent corol.

Martyn.

4. A barb or sharp point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward from the end to prevent its being easily drawn out.

5. The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears the curb of a bridle, under-neath the lower mandible and above the chin.

Farrier's Dict. Encyc.

6. The rays of a comet, emitted towards that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems to direct it.

Encyc.

7. The threads or hairs of an oyster, muscle or similar shell-fish, by which they fasten themselves to stones.

Encyc.

8. In insects, two small, oblong, fleshy bodies, placed just above the trunk, as in gnats, moths and butterflies.

Encyc.

Beard

BEARD, v. t. berd. To take by the beard; to sieze, pluck or pull the beard, in contempt or anger.

2. To oppose to the face; to set at defiance.

I have been bearded by boys.

More.

Bearded

BEARD'ED, a. berd'ed. Having a beard, as a man. Having parallel hairs or tufts of hair, as the leaves of plants.

Martyn.

2. Barbed or jagged, as an arrow.

Dryden.

Bearded

BEARD'ED, pp. berd'ed. Taken by the beard; opposed to the face.

Beard-Grass

BEARD'-GRASS, noun A plant, the Andropogon.

Bearding

BEARD'ING, ppr. berd'ing. Taking by the beard; opposing to the face.

Beardless

BEARD'LESS, a. berd'less. Without a beard; young; not having arrived to man-hood. In botany, not having a tuft of hairs.

Beardlessness

BEARD'LESSNESS, noun The state or quality of being destitute of beard.

Lawrence, Lect.

Bearer

BEARER, noun [See Bear.] One who bears, sustains, or carries; a carrier, especially of a corpse to the grave.

2. One who wears any thing, as a badge or sword.

3. A tree or plant that yields its fruit; as a good bearer.

4. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends of a piece of timber, to support it. In general, any thing that supports another thing.

5. In heraldry, a figure in an achievement, placed by the side of a shield, and seeming to support it; generally the figure of a beast. The figure of a human creature for a like purpose is called a tenant.

Encyc.

Bearherd

BEARHERD, noun [bear and herd.] A man that tends bears.

Shak.

Bearing

BEARING, participle of the present tense Supporting; carrying; producing.

Bearing

BEARING, noun Gesture; mien; behavior.

I know him by his bearing. [Unusual.]

Shak.

2. The situation of an object, with respect to another object, by which it is supposed to have a connection with it or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it.

But of this frame, the bearings and the ties.

Pope.

3. In architecture, the space between the two fixed extremes of a piece of timber, or between one extreme and a supporter.

Builder's Dict.

4. In navigation, the situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, &c. Also, an arch of the horizon intercepted between the nearest meridian and any distant object, either discovered by the eye and referred to a point on the compass, or resulting from sinical proportion.

Mar. Dict.

5. In heraldry, bearings are the coats of arms or figures of armories, by which the nobility and gentry are distinguished from common persons.

Encyc.

Bearish

BEARISH, adjective Partaking of the qualities of a bear.

Harris.

Bearlike

BEARLIKE, adjective Resembling a bear.

Shak.

Bearn

BEARN, noun [Saxon bearn; Gothic barn; from bear; Gothic gabaurans, born.]

A child. In Scotland, bairn.

Shak.

Bearward

BEARWARD, noun A keeper of bears.

Shak.

Beast

BEAST, noun [lr. biast, piasd; Cornish bÃƒ-ªst; Dutch beest; Latin bestia; French bÃƒ-ªte, from beste; Danish boest, beest; Welsh bwyst, wild, savage, ferocious. See Boisterous.]

1. Any four footed animal, which may be used for labor, food or sport; distinguished from fowls, insects, fishes and man; as beasts of burden, beasts of the chase, beasts of the forest. It is usually applied to large animals.

2. Opposed to man, it signifies any irrational animal, as in the phrase "man and beast." So wild beast.

3. Figuratively, a brutal man; a person rude, coarse, filthy, or acting in a manner unworthy of a rational creature.

Johnson.

4. A game at cards. Hence to beast.

Encyc.

Beastlike

BE'ASTLIKE, adjective Like a beast; brutal.

Titus Andronicus.

Beastliness

BE'ASTLINESS, noun [from beastly.] Brutality; coarseness; vulgarity; filthiness; a practice contrary to the rules of humanity.

Beastly

BE'ASTLY, adjective Like a beast; brutal; coarse; filthy; contrary to the nature and dignity of man.

2. Having the form or nature of a beast.

Prior.

Beat

BEAT, verb transitive pret. beat; pp. beat, beaten. [Saxon beatan, gebeotan, to beat; gebeaten, beaten; Welsh boezu; French battre, or batre; Spanish batir; Portugese bater; Italian battere; Latin batuo; Russian botayu; Arabic gabata, and kabata; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac. Perhaps, Hindoo, pata, to kill; Burman, potai, id; as we say, to smite and to slay. Hence, the oir-pata, man killers, in Herodotus. Class Bd. No. 20. 23. 33. See Abate.]

1. To strike repeatedly; to lay on repeated blows, with a stick, with the hand or fist, or with any instrument, and for any cause, just or unjust, or for punishment. Luke 12. Deuteronomy 25.

2. To strike an instrument of music; to play on, as a drum.

Shak.

3. To break, bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding, as pepper or spices. Exodus 30.

4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable substance; or to hammer into any form; to forge. Exodus 39.

5. To strike bushes; to shake by beating, or to make a noise to rouse game.

Prior.

6. To thresh; to force out corn from the husk by blows.

Ruth.

7. To break, mix or agitate by beating; as, to beat an egg with any other thing.

Boyle.

8. To dash or strike, as water; to strike or brush, as wind.

Milton.

9. To tread, as a path.

Blackmore.

10. To overcome in a battle, contest or strife; to vanquish or conquer; as, one beats another at play.

Pyrrhus beat the Carthaginians at sea.

Arbuthnot.

11. To harass; to exercise severely; to overlabor; as, to beat the brains about logic.

Hakewill.

To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down, by beating or battering, as a wall.

Also, to press down or lay flat, as by treading, by a current of water, by violent wind, &c.

Shak.

Also, to lower the price by importunity or argument.

Also, to depress or crush; as, to beat down opposition.

Also, to sink or lessen the price or value.

Usury beats down the price of land.

Bacon.

To beat back, to compel to retire or return.

To beat into, to teach or instill, by repetition of instruction.

To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters.

To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation.

To beat off, to repel or drive back.

To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot.

To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.

In the manege, a horse beats the dust, when at each motion he does not take in ground enough with his fore legs; and at curvets, when he does them too precipitately, or too low. He beats upon a walk, when he walks too short.

Encyc.

To beat out, to extend by hammering. In popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fatigued; to have the strength exhausted by labor or exertion.

Beat

BEAT, verb intransitive To move with pulsation, as the pulse beats; or to throb, as the heart beats.

2. To dash with force, as a storm, flood, passion, &c.; as, the tempest beats against the house.

3. To knock at a door. Judges 19.

4. To fluctuate; to be in agitation.

Shak.

To beat about, to try to find; to search by various means or ways.

Addison.

To beat upon, to act upon with violence.

Jonah.

Also, to speak frequently; to enforce by repetition.

Hooker.

To beat up for soldiers, is to go about to enlist men into the army.

In seamanship, to beat, is to make progress against the direction of the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.

Mar. Dict.

With hunters, a stag beats up and down, when he runs first one way and then another.

Encyc.

Beat

BEAT, noun A stroke; a striking; a blow, whether with the hand, or with a weapon.

2. A pulsation; as the beat of the pulse.

3. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating the divisions of time in music.

4. A transient grace-note in music, struck immediately before the note it is intended to ornament.

Busby.

In the military art, the beat of drum, is a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes; as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack or retreat, &c.

The beat of a watch or clock, is the stroke made by the fangs or pallets of the spindle of the balance, or of the pads in a royal pendulum.

Encyc.

Beat

BEAT, or BE'ATEN, participle passive Struck; dashed against; pressed or laid down; hammered; pounded; vanquished; made smooth by treading; worn by use; tracked.

Beater

BE'ATER, noun One who beats, or strikes; one whose occupation is to hammer metals.

2. An instrument for pounding, or comminuting substances.

Beater-Up

BE'ATER-UP, noun One who beats for game; a sportsman's term.

Butler.

Beath

BEATH, verb transitive To bathe. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Beatific

BEATIF'IC, or BEATIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin beatus, blessed, from beo, to bless, and facio, to make. See Beatify.]

That has the power to bless or make happy, or the power to complete blissful enjoyment; used only of heavenly fruition after death; as beatific vision.

Milton.

Beatifically

BEATIF'ICALLY, adverb In such a manner as to complete happiness.

Beatification

BEATIFICA'TION, noun In the Romish church, an act of the Pope by which he declares a person beatified or blessed after death. This is the first step towards canonization, or the raising of one to the dignity of a saint. No person can be beatified till 50 years after his death. All certificates or attestations of his virtues and miracles are examined by the congregation of rites, and this examination continues often for years; after which his Holiness decrees the beatification, and the corpse and relics of the intended saint are exposed to the veneration of all good christians.

Encyc.

Beatify

BEAT'IFY, verb transitive [Latin beatus, happy, from beo, to bless, and facio, to make.]

1. To make happy; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment.

2. In the Romish church, to declare, by a decree or public act, that a person is received into heaven, and is to be reverenced as blessed, though not canonized.

Beating

BE'ATING, participle of the present tense Laying on blows; striking; dashing against; conquering; pounding; sailing against the direction of the wind; &c.

Beating

BE'ATING, noun The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by blows.

The beating of flax and hemp is an operation which renders them more soft and pliable. For this purpose, they are made into rolls and laid in a trough, where they are beat, till no roughness or hardness can be felt.

Encyc.

In book binding, beating is performed by laying the book in quires or sheets folded, on a block, and beating it with a heavy broad-faced hammer. On this operation the elegance of the binding and the easy opening of the book chiefly depend.

Encyc.

Beating the wind, was a practice in the ancient trial by combat. If one of the combatants did not appear on the field, the other was to beat the wind, by making flourishes with his weapons; by which he was entitled to the advantages of a conqueror.

Beatings, in music, the regular pulsative swellings of sound, produced in an organ by pipes of the same key, when not in unison, and their vibrations not simultaneous or coincident.

Busby.

Beatitude

BEAT'ITUDE, noun [Latin beatitudo, from beatus, beo. See Beatify.]

1. Blessedness; felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss; used of the joys of heaven.

2. The declaration of blessedness made by our Savior to particular virtues.

Beau

BEAU, n. bo. plu. beaux, boze. [French beau, contracted from bel, Latin bellus, Spanish Italian bello, fine, gay, handsome.]

A man of dress; a fine, gay man; one whose great care is to deck his person. In familiar language, a man who attends a lady.

Beauish

BEAUISH, a. bo'ish. Like a beau; foppish; fine.

Beau-Monde

BEAU-MONDE, n. bomond'. [French beau, fine, and monde, world.]

The fashionable world; people of fashion and gaiety.

Prior.

Beauteous

BEAU'TEOUS, a. bu'teous. [See Beauty.]

Very fair; elegant in form; pleasing to the sight; beautiful; very handsome. It expresses a greater degree of beauty than handsome, and is chiefly used in poetry.

Beauteously

BEAU'TEOUSLY, adv. bu'teously. In a beauteous manner; in a manner pleasing to the sight; beautifully.

Beauteousness

BEAU'TEOUSNESS, n. bu'teousness. The state or quality of being beauteous; beauty.

Beautifier

BEAU'TIFIER, n. bu'tifier. He or that which makes beautiful.

Beautiful

BEAU'TIFUL, a. bu'tiful. [beauty and full.]

1. Elegant in form; fair; having the form that pleases the eye. It expresses more than handsome.

A beautiful woman is one of the most attractive objects in all nature's works.

Anon.

A circle is more beautiful than a square; a square is more beautiful than a parrallelogram.

Lord Kames.

2. Having the qualities which constitute beauty, or that which pleases the senses other than the sight; as a beautiful sound.

Encyc.

Beautifully

BEAU'TIFULLY, adv. bu'tifully. In a beautiful manner.

Beautifulness

BEAU'TIFULNESS, n. bu'tifulness. Elegance of form; beauty; the quality of being beautiful.

Beautify

BEAU'TIFY, v. t. bu'tify. [beauty and Latin facio.]

To make or render beautiful; to adorn; to deck; to grace; to add beauty to; to embellish.

Hayward.

Beautify

BEAU'TIFY, v. i. bu'tify. To become beautiful; to advance in beauty.

Addison.

Beauty

BEAU'TY, n. bu'ty. [French beautÃƒ-©, from beau. See Beau.]

1. An assemblage of graces, or an assemblage of properties in the form of the person or any other object, which pleases the eye. In the person, due proportion or symmetry of parts constitutes the most essential property to which we annex the term beauty. In the face, the regularity and symmetry of the features, the color of the skin, the expression of the eye, are among the principal properties which constitute beauty. But as it is hardly possible to define all the properties which constitute beauty, we may observe in general, that beauty consists in whatever pleases the eye of the beholder, whether in the human body, in a tree, in a landscape, or in any other object.

Beauty is intrinsic, and perceived by the eye at first view, or relative, to perceive which the aid of the understanding and reflection is requisite. Thus, the beauty of a machine is not perceived, till we understand its uses, and adaptation to its purpose. This is called the beauty of utility. By an easy transition, the word beauty is used to express what is pleasing to the other senses, or to the understanding. Thus we say, the beauty of a thought, of a remark, of sound, &c.

So beauty, armed with virtue, bows the soul With a commanding, but a sweet control.

Percival.

2. A particular grace, feature or ornament; any particular thing which is beautiful and pleasing; as the beauties of nature.

3. A particular excellence, or a part which surpasses in excellence that with which it is united; as the beauties of an author.

4. A beautiful person. In scripture, the chief dignity or ornament. 2 Samuel 1.

5. In the arts, symmetry of parts; harmony; justness of composition.

Encyc.

6. Joy and gladness. Isaiah 61. Order, prosperity, peace, holiness. Ezekiel 16.

Beauty

BEAU'TY, v. t. bu'ty. To adorn; to beautify or embellish. Obs.

Shak.

Beauty-Spot

BEAU'TY-SPOT, n. bu'ty-spot. A patch; a foil; a spot placed on the face to heighten beauty.

Beauty-Waning

BEAU'TY-WANING, adjective Declining in beauty.

Shak.

Beaver

BE'AVER, noun ]Saxon befor, biofor; French biÃƒ-¨vre; Latin fiber; Irish beabhar; Swedish bafwer; Danish boever; German biber; Dutch bever; Russian bobr; Pers. babir.]

1. An amphibious quadruped, of the genus Castor. It has short ears, a blunt nose, small fore feet, large hind feet, with a flat ovate tail. It is remarkable for its ingenuity in constructing its lodges or habitations, and from this animal is obtained the castor of the shops, which is taken from cods or bags in the groin. Its fur, which is mostly of a chesnut brown, is the material of the best hats.

2. The fur of the beaver, and a hat made of the fur; also, a part of a helmet that covers the face.

Beavered

BE'AVERED, adjective Covered with or wearing a beaver.

Pope.

Bebleed

BEBLEE'D, verb transitive [be and bleed.] To make bloody. Obs.

Chaucer.

Beblood

BEBLOOD', or BEBLOOD'Y, verb transitive [be and blood.] To make bloody. Obs.

Sheldon.

Beblot

BEBLOT', verb transitive [be and blot.] To blot; to stain. Obs.

Chaucer.

Beblubbered

BEBLUB'BERED, adjective [be and blubber.] Foul or swelled with weeping.

Shelton.

Becabunga

BECABUN'GA, noun [Saxon becc; German bach, a brook.]

Brooklime speedwell; veronica becabunga; a plant common in ditches and shallow streams.

Hooper.

Becafico

BECAFI'CO, noun [Italian from the root of pica, peck, beck, and fico, a fig. See Beak.]

A fig-pecker; a bird like a nightingale which feeds on figs and grapes.

Johnson. Prior. Bailey.

Becalm

BECALM, v. t. becÃƒ- m. [be and calm. See Calm.]

1. To still; to make quiet; to appease; to stop, or repress motion in a body; used of the elements and of the passions; as, to becalm the ocean, or the mind. But calm is generally used.

2. To intercept the current of wind, so as to prevent motion; to keep from motion for want of wind; as, high lands becalm a ship.

Becalmed

BECALMED, pp. becÃƒ- med. Quieted; appeased.

2. adjective Hindered from motion or progress by a calm; as a ship becalmed.

Becalming

BECALMING, ppr. becÃƒ- ming. Appeasing; keeping from motion or progress.

Becalming

BECALMING, n. becÃƒ- ming. A calm at sea.

Herbert.

Became

BECA'ME, preterit tense of become. [See Become.]

Because

BECAUSE, becauz', a compound word. [Saxon be for by and cause. See By and Cause.]

By cause, or by the cause; on this account; for the cause which is explained in the next proposition; for the reason next explained. Thus, I fled, because I was afraid, is to be thus resolved; I fled, by the cause, for the cause, which is mentioned in the next affirmation, viz. I was afraid. Hence, cause being a noun, because may be regularly followed by of.

The spirit is life, because of righteousness.

Because of these cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.

Becharm

BECH`ARM, verb transitive [be and charm.] To charm; to captivate.

Beaum.

Bechance

BECH`ANCE, verb intransitive [be, by, and chance.] To befall; to happen to.

Shak.

Bechic

BE'CHIC, noun [Greek, from, a cough.]

A medicine for relieving coughs, synonymous with pectoral, which is now the term mostly used.

Quincy.

Beck

BECK, noun A small brook. Gray. This word, Saxon becc, German bach, Dutch beek, Danish boek, Swedish back, Pers. bak, a brook or rivulet, is found in the Irish Arabic Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Hebrew and Ethiopic, in the sense of flowing, as tears, weeping. Genesis 32:22. It is obsolete in English, but is found in the names of towns situated near streams, as in Walbeck; but is more frequent in names on the continent, as in Griesbach, &c.

Beck

BECK, noun [Saxon beacn, a sign; beacnian, bycnian, to beckon. The Swedish peka, Danish peger, signifies to point with the finger.]

A nod of the head; a significant nod, intended to be understood by some person, especially as a sign of command.

Beck

BECK, verb intransitive To nod or make a sign with the head.

Beck

BECK, verb transitive To call by a nod; to intimate a command to; to notify by a motion of the head.

Shak.

Becked

BECK'ED, participle passive Called or notified by a nod.

Becket

BECK'ET, noun A thing used in ships to confine loose ropes, tackles or spars; as a large hook, a rope, with an eye at one end, or a wooden bracket.

Mar. Dict.

Becking

BECK'ING, participle of the present tense Nodding significantly; directing by a nod.

Beckon

BECK'ON, v. i. bek'n. [See Beck.]

To make a sign to another, by nodding, winking, or a motion of the hand or finger, &c., intended as a hint or intimation. Acts 19.

Beckon

BECK'ON, v. t. bek'n. To make a significant sign to.

Dryden.

Beckoned

BECK'ONED, participle passive Having a sign made to.

Beckoning

BECK'ONING, participle of the present tense Making a significant sign, as a hint.

Beclip

BECLIP', verb transitive [Saxon beclyppan.] To embrace. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Becloud

BECLOUD', verb transitive [See Cloud.] To cloud; to obscure; to dim.

Sidney.

Become

BECOME, v. i. becum'. pret, became, pp. become. [Saxon becuman, to fall out or happen; Dutch bekoomen; German bekommen, to get or obtain; Swedish bekomma; Danish bekommer, to obtain; be and come. These significantions differ from the sense in English. But the sense is, to come to, to arrive, to reach, to fall or pass to. [See Come.] Hence the sense of suiting, agreeing with. In Saxon cueman, Gothic kwiman, is to come, and Saxon cweman, is to please, that is, to suit or be agreeable.]

1. To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or condition, by a change from another state or condition, or by assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional matter, or a new character; as, a cion becomes a tree.

The Lord God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living soul.

To the Jew, I became a Jew.

2. To become of, usually with what preceding; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or subsequent condition; as, what will become of our commerce? what will become of us?

In the present tense, it applies to place as well as condition. What has become of my friend? that is, where is he? as well as, what is his condition? Where is he become? used by Shakspeare and Spenser, is obsolete; but this is the sense in Saxon, where has he fallen?

Become

BECOME, verb transitive In general, to suit or be suitable; to be congruous; to befit; to accord with, in character or circumstances; to be worthy of, decent or proper. It is used in the same sense applied to persons or things.

If I become not a cart as well as another man.

Shak.

This use of the word however is less frequent, the verb usually expressing the suitableness of things, to persons or to other things; as, a robe becomes a prince.

It becomes me so to speak of an excellent poet.

Dryden.

Becoming

BECOM'ING, participle of the present tense, but used rarely or never except as an adjective. Fit; suitable; congruous; proper; graceful; belonging to the character, or adapted to circumstances; as, he speaks with becoming boldness; a dress is very becoming.

Some writers formerly used of, after this word.

Such discourses as are becoming of them.

Dryden.

But this use is inelegant or improper.

Becoming

BECOM'ING, adjective Ornament. Obs.

Shak.

Becomingly

BECOM'INGLY, adverb After a becoming or proper manner.

Becomingness

BECOM'INGNESS, noun Fitness; congruity; propriety; decency; gracefulness arising from fitness.

Grew.

Becripple

BECRIP'PLE, verb transitive [See Cripple.] To make lame; to cripple. [Little used.]

Becurl

BECURL', verb transitive To curl. [Not used.]

Bed

BED, noun [Saxon bed; Dutch bed; German bett or beet; Gothic badi. The sense is a lay or spread, from laying or setting.]

1. A place or an article of furniture to sleep and take rest on; in modern times, and among civilized men, a sack or tick filled with feathers or wool; but a bed may be made of straw or any other materials. The word bed includes often the bedstead.

2. Lodging; a convenient place for sleep.

3. Marriage; matrimonial connection.

George, the eldest son of his second bed.

Clarendon.

4. A plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little raised above the adjoining ground.

Bacon.

5. The channel of a river, or that part in which the water usually flows.

Milton.

6. Any hollow place, especially in the arts; a hollow place, in which any thing rests; as the bed of a mortar.

7. A layer; a stratum; an extended mass of any thing, whether upon the earth or within it; as a bed of sulphur; a bed of sand or clay.

8. Pain, torment. Revelation 2. The grave. Isaiah 57. The lawful use of wedlock. Hebrews 13.

The bed of the carriage of a gun is a thick plank which lies under the piece, being, as it were, the body of the carriage.

The bed of a mortar is a solid piece of oak, hollow in the middle, to receive the britch and half the trunnions.

In masonry, bed is a range of stones, and the joint of the bed is the mortar between two stones placed over each other.

Encyc.

Bed of justice, in France, was a throne on which the king was seated when he went to parliament. Hence the phrase, to hold a bed of justice.

To make a bed, is to put it in order after it has been used.

To bring to bed, to deliver of a child, is rarely used. But in the passive form, to be brought to bed, that is, to be delivered of a child, is common. It is often followed by of; as, to be brought to bed of a son.

To put to bed, in midwifery, is to deliver of a child.

Dining bed, or discubitory bed, among the ancients, a bed on which persons lay at meals. It was four or five feet high, and would hold three or four persons. Three of these beds were ranged by a square table, one side of the table being left open, and accessible to the waiters. Hence the Latin name for the table and the room, triclinium, or three beds.

Encyc.

From bed and board. In law, a separation of man and wife, without dissolving the bands of matrimony, is called a separation from bed and board, a mensa et thoro. In this case the wife has a suitable maintenance allotted to her out of the husband's estate, called alimony.

Blackstone.

Bed

BED, verb transitive To place in a bed.

Bacon.

2. To go to bed with. [Unusual.]

Shak.

3. To make partaker of the bed.

Bacon.

4. To plant and inclose or cover; to set or lay and inclose; as, to bed the roots of a plant in soft mold.

5. To lay in any hollow place, surrounded or inclosed; as, to bed a stone.

6. To lay in a place of rest or security, covered, surrounded or inclosed; as a fish bedded in sand, or under a bank.

7. To lay in a stratum; to stratify; to lay in order, or flat; as bedded clay, bedded hairs.

Shak.

Bed

BED, verb intransitive To cohabit; to use the same bed.

If he be married and bed with his wife.

Wiseman.

Bedabble

BEDAB'BLE, verb transitive [be and dabble.] To wet; to sprinkle.

Bedabbled with the dew.

Shak.

Bedabbled

BEDAB'BLED, participle passive Wet; sprinkled.

Bedabbling

BEDAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Wetting; sprinkling.

Bedaff

BEDAFF', verb transitive To make a fool of. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Bedaggle

BEDAG'GLE, verb transitive [be and daggle.] To soil, as clothes, by drawing the ends in the mud, or spattering them with dirty water.

Bedaggled

BEDAG'GLED, participle passive Soiled by reaching the mud in walking; bespattering.

Bedare

BEDA'RE, verb transitive [be and dare.] To dare; to defy. [Not used.]

Peele.

Bedark

BEDARK', verb transitive [be and dark.] To darken. [Not used.]

Gower.

Bedash

BEDASH', verb transitive [be and dash.] To wet, by throwing water, or other liquor upon; to bespatter, with water or mud.

Bedashed

BEDASH'ED, participle passive Bespattered with water or other liquid.

Bedashing

BEDASH'ING, participle of the present tense Bespattering; dashing water upon, or other liquid.

Bedaub

BEDAUB', verb transitive [be and daub.] To daub over; to besmear with viscous, slimy matter; to soil with any thing thick and dirty.

Shak.

Bedaubed

BEDAUB'ED, participle passive Daubed over; besmeared.

Bedaubing

BEDAUB'ING, participle of the present tense Daubing over; besmearing.

Bedazzle

BEDAZ'ZLE, verb transitive [be and dazzle.] To confound the sight by too strong a light; to make dim by luster.

Shak.

Bedazzled

BEDAZ'ZLED, participle passive Having the sight confounded by too strong a light.

Bedazzling

BEDAZ'ZLING, participle of the present tense Confounding or making dim by a too brilliant luster.

Bedchamber

BED'CHAMBER, noun [bed and chamber.] An apartment or chamber intended or appropriated for a bed, or for sleep and repose.

Bed-Clothes

BED'-CLOTHES, n. plu. [bed and clothes.]

Blankets, or coverlets, &c., for beds.

Shak.

Bedded

BED'DED, participle passive Laid in a bed; inclosed as in a bed.

Bedder

BED'DER, or BEDET'TER, noun [from bed.] The nether stone of an oil mill.

Todd.

Bedding

BED'DING, participle of the present tense Laying in a bed; inclosing as in a bed.

Bedding

BED'DING, noun A bed and its furniture; a bed; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast.

Spenser.

Bedeck

BEDECK', verb transitive [be and deck.] To deck; to adorn; to grace.

Shak.

Bedecked

BEDECK'ED, participle passive Adorned; ornamented.

Bedecking

BEDECK'ING, participle of the present tense Adorning; decking.

Bedehouse

BE'DEHOUSE, noun [Saxon bead, a prayer, and house.]

Formerly, a hospital or alms house, where the poor prayed for their founders and benefactors.

Bedel

BE'DEL, noun An officer in the universities of England. [A peculiar orthography of beadle.]

Bedelry

BE'DELRY, noun The extent of a bedel's office.

Blount.

Bedew

BEDEW', verb transitive [be and dew.] To moisten, as with dew; to moisten in a gentle manner with any liquid; as, tears bedew her face.

Shak.

Bedewed

BEDEW'ED, participle passive Moistened, as if with dew; gently moistened.

Bedewer

BEDEW'ER, noun That which bedews.

Sherwood.

Bedewing

BEDEW'ING, participle of the present tense Moistening gently, as with dew; wetting.

Bedewy

BEDEW'Y, adjective Moist with dew. [Little used.]

Bedfellow

BED'FELLOW, noun [bed and fellow.] One who lies in the same bed.

Shak.

Bed-Hangings

BED-HANGINGS, noun Curtains.

Shak.

Bedight

BEDI'GHT, v. t. bedi'te. [be and dight.]

To adorn; to dress; to set off with ornaments. [Little used.]

More.

Bedighted

BEDI'GHTED, participle passive Adorned; set off with ornaments.

Bedighting

BEDI'GHTING, participle of the present tense Adorning.

Bedim

BEDIM', verb transitive [be and dim.] To make dim; to obscure or darken.

Sidney.

Bedimmed

BEDIM'MED, participle passive Made dim; obscured.

Bedimming

BEDIM'MING, participle of the present tense Making dim; obscuring; darkening.

Bedizen

BEDIZ'EN, v. t. bediz'n. [be and dizen.] To adorn; to deck; a low word.

Bedizened

BEDIZ'ENED, participle passive Bedecked; adorned.

Bedizening

BEDIZ'ENING, participle of the present tense Adorning.

Bedlam

BED'LAM, noun [Corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a religious house in London, afterward converted into a hospital for lunatics.]

1. A mad house; a place appropriated for lunatics.

Spelman.

2. A madman; a lunatic; one who lives in Bedlam.

Shak.

3. A place of uproar.

Bedlam

BED'LAM, adjective Belonging to a mad house; fit for a mad house.

Shak.

Bedlamite

BED'LAMITE, noun An inhabitant of a madhouse; a madman.

B. Jonson.

Bedmaker

BED'MAKER, noun [bed and maker.] One whose occupation is to make beds, as in a college or university.

Spectator.

Bedmate

BED'MATE, noun [bed and mate.] A bed-fellow.

Shak.

Bed-Molding

BED'-MOLDING, noun [bed and molding.]

In architecture, the members of a cornice, which are placed below the coronet, consisting of an ogee, a list, a large boultine, and another list under the coronet.

Encyc.

Bedote

BEDO'TE, verb transitive [be and dote.] To make to dote. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Bedpost

BED'POST, noun [bed and post.] The post of a bedstead.

Bedpresser

BED'PRESSER, noun [bed and press.] A lazy fellow; one who loves his bed.

Shak.

Bedraggle

BEDRAG'GLE, verb transitive [be and draggle] To soil, as garments which are suffered, in walking, to reach the dirt; to soil by drawing along on mud.

Swift.

Bedraggled

BEDRAG'GLED, participle passive Soiled by reaching the dirt, in walking.

Bedraggling

BEDRAG'GLING, participle of the present tense Soiling by drawing along in dirt or mud.

Bedrench

BEDRENCH', verb transitive [be and drench.] To drench; to soak; to saturate with moisture: applied to things which imbibe moisture.

Shak.

Bedrenched

BEDRENCH'ED, participle passive Drenched; soaked.

Bedrenching

BEDRENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Soaking; drenching.

Bedrid

BED'RID, or BED'RIDDEN, adjective [bed and ride; Saxon bed-rida.]

Confined to the bed, by age or infirmity.

Shak.

Bedrite

BED'RITE, noun [bed and rite.] The privilege of the marriage bed.

Bedroom

BED'ROOM, noun [bed and room.] A room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging room.

2. Room in a bed. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Bedrop

BEDROP', verb transitive [be and drop.] To sprinkle, as with drops.

Chaucer.

Bedropped

BEDROP'PED, participle passive Sprinkled as with drops; speckled; variegated with spots.

Bedside

BED'SIDE. noun The side of the bed.

Middleton.

Bedstaff

BED'STAFF, noun [bed and staff.] A wooden pin anciently inserted on the sides of bed-steads, to keep the clothes from slipping on either side.

Johnson.

Bedstead

BED'STEAD, n. bed'sted. [bed and stead.]

A frame for supporting a bed.

Bedstraw

BED'STRAW, noun [bed and straw.] Straw laid under a bed to make it soft; also the name of a plant, a species of galium.

Bedswerver

BED'SWERVER, noun [bed and swerve.] One that swerves from his bed; that is, one who is false and unfaithful to the marriage vow.

Shak.

Bedtime

BED'TIME, noun [bed and time.] The time to go to rest; the usual hour of going to bed.

Shak.

Beduck

BEDUCK', verb transitive [be and duck.] To duck; to put the head under water; to immerse.

Spenser.

Bedust

BEDUST', verb transitive [be and dust.] To sprinkle, soil or cover with dust.

Sherwood.

Bedward

BED'WARD, adverb [bed and ward.] Toward bed.

Shak.

Bedwarf

BEDWARF', verb transitive [be and dwarf.] To make little; to stunt or hinder growth.

Donne.

Bedwork

BED'WORK, noun [bed and work.] Work done in bed, without toil of the hands or with ease.

Shak.

Bedye

BEDY'E, verb transitive [be and dye.] To dye; to stain.

Spenser.

Bedyed

BEDY'ED, participle passive Dyed; stained.

Bee

BEE, noun [Saxon beo; Dutch bye; German biene; Swedish bij; Danish bie; Irish beach; Italian pecchia; Spanish abeja. Class Bg.]

An insect of the genus Apis. [See Apis.] The species are numerous, of which the honey-bee is the most interesting to man. It has been cultivated from the earliest periods, for its wax and honey. It lives in swarms or societies, of from 10,000 to 50,000 individuals. These swarms contain three classes of bees, the females or queen bees, the males or drones, and the neuters or working bees. Of the former, there is only one in each hive or swarm, whose sole office is to propagate the species. It is much larger than the other bees. The drones serve merely for impregnating the queen, after which they are destroyed by the neuters. These last are the laborers of the hive. They collect the honey, form the cells, and feed the other bees and the young. They are furnished with a proboscis by which they suck the honey from flowers, and a mouth by which they swallow it, and then convey it to the hive in their stomachs, where they disgorge it into the cells. The pollen of flowers settles on the hairs with which their body is covered, whence it is collected into pellets, by a brush on their second pair of legs, and deposited in a hollow in the third pair. It is called bee bread, and is the food of the larvoe or young. The adult bees feed on honey. The wax was supposed to be formed from pollen by a digestive process, but it is now ascertained that it is formed from the honey by a similar process. The females and neuters have a barbed sting, attached to a bag of poison, which flows into the wound inflicted by the sting. When a hive is overstocked, a new colony is sent out under the direction of a queen bee. This is called swarming.

Cyc. Ed. Enyc.

Bee-Bread

BEE'-BREAD, noun [bee and bread.] The pollen of flowers collected by bees, as food for their young. [See Bee.]

Bee-Eater

BEE'-EATER, noun [bee and eat.] A bird that feeds on bees. There are several species included in the genus merops, of which the apiaster of Europe is remarkable for the brilliancy of its plumage.

Encyc.

Bee-Flower

BEE'-FLOWER, noun [bee and flower.] A plant; a species of Ophrys or twyblade, whose flowers represent singular figures of bees, flies and other insects.

Encyc.

Bee-Garden

BEE'-GARDEN, noun [bee and garden.] A garden, or inclosure to set bee-hives in.

Johnson.

Bee-Glue

BEE'-GLUE, noun [bee and glue.] A soft, unctuous matter with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; called also propolis.

Encyc.

Bee-Hive

BEE'-HIVE, noun [bee and hive.] A case, box, or other hollow vessel, which serves as a habitation for bees. Hives are made of various materials, as of boards, the hollow trunk of a tree, and withes of straw, or of glass.

Bee-Master

BEE'-MASTER, noun [bee and master.] One who keeps bees.

Mortimer.

Beech

BEECH, noun [Saxon bece, boc; Dutch beuke, or beukenboom; German buche, or buchbaum; Slav. boku; Russian buk; Greek; Latin fagus; Italian faggio; Spanish haya; Portugese faia. In Saxon bec and boc is a book. It is probable that beech is properly the name of bark, and this being used, by our rude ancestors, as the material for writing, the word came to signify a book.]

A tree arranged by Linne under the genus fagus, with the chesnut. The beech grows to a large size, with branches forming a beautiful head, with thick foliage. The bark is smooth and of a silvery cast. The mast or nuts are the food of swine, and of certain wild animals, and yield a good oil for lamps. When eaten by man, they are said to occasion giddiness and headach.

Encyc.

Beech-Coal

BEE'CH-COAL, noun [beech and coal.]

Charcoal from beech wood.

Beechen

BEE'CHEN, a. bee'chn. Consisting of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech; as a beechen vessel.

Dryden.

Beechmast

BEE'CHMAST, noun The fruit or nuts of the beech.

Beech-Oil

BEE'CH-OIL, noun [beech and oil.]

Oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the beech-tree. It is used in Picardy, and in other parts of France, instead of butter; but is said to occasion heaviness and pains in the stomach.

Encyc.

Beech-Tree

BEE'CH-TREE, noun [beech and tree.] The beech.

Beef

BEEF, noun [French boeuf, beuf, an ox; Armoric bevin; Italian bue; Spanish buey; Portugese boy; Welsh buw; Cornish byuh, an ox; Irish bo, a cow, plu. buaibh; Latin bos, bovis; Greek.]

1. An animal of the bovine genus, whether ox, bull or cow; but used of those which are full grown or nearly so. In this, which is the original sense, the word has a plural, beeves.

2. The flesh of an ox, bull, or cow, when killed. In popular language, the word is often applied to the live animal; as, an ox is good beef; that is, is well fattened. In this sense, the word has no plural.

Beef

BEEF, adjective Consisting of the flesh of the ox, or bovine kind; as a beef-steak.

Swift.

Beef-Eater

BEE'F-EATER, noun [beef and eat.] One that eats beef.

2. A yeoman of the guards, in England.

3. The Buphaga, an African bird that feeds onthe larvas which nestle nnder the hides of oxen.

4. In popular use, a stout fleshy man.

Beef-Steak

BEE'F-STEAK, noun [beef and steak.] A steak or slice of beef for broiling.

Beef-Witted

BEE'F-WITTED, adjective [beef and wit.] Dull in intellects; stupid; heavy-headed.

Shak.

Beeld

BEELD, noun [Saxon behlydan, to eover.] Protection; refuge. [Not in use.]

Fairfax.

Been

BEEN, [Saxon beon.] Part. perf. of be; pronounced bin. In old authors, it is also the present tense plural of be.

Been

BEEN, noun A fretted stringed instrument of music of the guitar kind, having nineteen frets; used in India.

As. Researches.

Beer

BEER, noun [Welsh bir; French biere; Armoric byer, bir, ber; Dutch and German bier; Italian birra.]

1. A spirituous liquor made from any farinaceous grain; but generally from barley, which is first malted and ground, and its fermentable substance extracted by hot water. This extract or infusion is evaporated by boiling in caldrons, and hops or some other plant of an agreeable bitterness added. The liquor is then suffered to ferment in vats. Beer is of different degrees of strength, and is denominated small beer, ale, porter, brown stout, &c., according to its strength, or other peculiar qualities.

Encyc.

2. Beer is a name given in America to fermenting liquors made of various other materials; and when a decoction of the roots of plants forms a part of the composition, it is called spring-beer, from the season in which it is made.

Beer-Barrel

BEE'R-BARREL, noun A barrel for holding beer.

Beer-House

BEE'R-HOUSE, noun A house where malt liquors are sold; an ale house.

Beestings

BEESTINGS, [See Biestings.]

Beet

BEET, noun [Dutch biet; German beete; Italian bietola; Welsh betysen; Latin beta; French bette.]

A plant of the genus Beta. The species cultivated in gardens are the cicla and vulgaris, or white and red beet. There are many varieties; some with long taper roots, and others with flat roots, like turneps. The root furnishes a large portion of sugar, which has been recently manufactured in France on a great scale.

Cyc.

Beetle

BEE'TLE, noun [Saxon bitl, or bytl, a mallet; betel, the insect, beetle.]

1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, &c.; called also a stamper, or rammer.

2. In zoology, a genus of insects, the scarabaeus, of many species. The generic characters are, clavated antennae, fissile longitudinally, legs frequently dentated, and wings which have hard cases, or sheaths. The bones of these insects are placed externally, and their muscles within. They are of different sizes, from that of a pin's head, to that of a man's fist. Some are produced in a month, and go through their existence in a year; in others, four years are required to produce them, and they live as winged insects a year more. They have various names, as the may-bug, the dorr-beetle, the cock-chaffer, the tumble-dung, the elephant-beetle, &c. The latter, found in South America, is the largest species, being four inches long.

Encyc.

Beetle

BEE'TLE, v. i. bee'tl. To jut; to be prominent; to hang or extend out; as, a cliff that beetles over its base.

Shak.

Beetle-Brow

BEE'TLE-BROW, noun [beetle and brow.] A prominent brow.

Shak.

Beetle-Browed

BEE'TLE-BROWED, adjective Having prominent brows.

Swift.

Beetle-Head

BEE'TLE-HEAD, noun [beetle and head.] A stupid fellow.

Scot.

Beetle-Headed

BEE'TLE-HEADED, adjective Having a head like a beetle; dull; stupid.

Shak.

Beetle-Stock

BEE'TLE-STOCK, noun [beetle and stock.]

The handle of a beetle.

Spenser.

Beetling

BEE'TLING, participle of the present tense Jutting; being prominent; standing out from the main body.

Thomson.

Beet-Rave

BEET-RAVE, or BEE'T-RADISH, noun A kind of beet, used for sallad.

Ash.

Beeves

BEEVES, noun plu. of beef. Cattle; quadrupeds of the bovine genus, called in England, black cattle.

Befall

BEFALL', verb transitive pret. befell; part. befallen. [Saxon befoellan, of be and fall.]

To happen to; to occur to; as, let me know the worst that can befall me. It usually denotes ill. It is generally transitive in form, but there seems to be an ellipsis of to, and to sometimes follows it.

Befall

BEFALL', verb intransitive To happen; to come to pass.

I have reveal'd this discord which befell.

Milton.

To befall of is not legitimate.

Befalling

BEFALL'ING, participle of the present tense Happening to; occurring to; coming to pass.

Befell

BEFELL', preterit tense of befall.

Befit

BEFIT', verb transitive [be and fit.] To suit; to be suitable to; to become.

That name best befits thee.

Milton.

Befitting

BEFIT'TING, participle of the present tense or adjective Suiting; becoming.

Befoam

BEFOAM, verb transitive [be and foam.] To cover with foam. [Little used.]

Befool

BEFOOL', verb transitive [be and fool.] To fool; to infatuate; to delude or lead into error.

Men befool themselves.

South.

Befooled

BEFOOL'ED, participle passive Fooled; deceived; led into error.

Befooling

BEFOOL'ING, participle of the present tense Fooling; making a fool of; deceiving; infatuating.

Before

BEFO'RE, preposition [be and fore, that is by fore, near the fore part. Saxon before, or beforan, retained by Chaucer in beforn.]

1. In front; on the side with the face, at any distance; used of persons.

Milton.

2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, respect.

Abraham bowed before the people of the land. Genesis 23.

Wherewithal shall I come before the Lord. Micah 6.

3. In sight of; as before the face.

4. In the presence of, noting cognizance or jurisdiction.

Both parties shall come before the judge. Exodus 22.

5. In the power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess; free to the choice.

The world was all before them.

Milton.

My land is before thee. Genesis 20.

6. In front of any object; as before the house; before the fire.

7. Preceding in time.

Before I was afflicted, I went astray. Psalm 119.

Before Abraham was, I am. John 8.

Here the preposition has a sentence following for an object.

8. In preference to.

And he set Ephraim before Manasseh. Genesis 48.

Poverty is desirable before torments.

Taylor.

9. Superior; preceding in dignity.

He that cometh after me is preferred before me, for he was before me. John 1.

10. Prior to; having prior right; preceding in order; as, the eldest son is before the younger in succession.

11. Previous to; in previous order; in order to.

Before this treatise can become of use, two points are necessary.

Swift. [See No. 7.]

12. Before the wind, is to move in the direction of the wind by its impulse.

Before

BEFO'RE, adverb In time preceding.

You tell me what I knew before.

Dryden.

2. In time preceding, to the present, or to this time; hitherto; as, tumults then arose which before were unknown.

3. Further onward in place, in progress, or in front.

Reaching forth to those things which are before. Philippians 3.

4. In front; on the fore part.

The battle was before and behind. 2 Chronicles 13.

In some of the examples of the use of before, which Johnson places under the adverb, the word is a preposition governing a sentence; as, "Before the hills appeared." This is the real construction, however overlooked or misunderstood.

Beforehand

BEFO'REHAND, adverb [before and hand.]

In a state of anticipation or preoccupation; often followed by with; as, you are before hand with me.

2. Antecedently; by way of preparation or preliminary; aforetime. Matthew 13:1 Timothy 5.

3. In a state of accumulation, so as that more has been received than expended. A man is beforehand. In this use it is more properly an adjective.

4. At first; before any thing is done.

L'Estrange.

Before-Time

BEFO'RE-TIME, adverb [before and time.]

Formerly; of old time. 1 Sam. 9. Joshua 20.

Obs.

Befortune

BEFOR'TUNE, verb transitive [be and fortune.] To happen to; to betide.

Shak.

Befoul

BEFOUL', verb transitive [Saxon befylan, be and foul.]

To make foul; to soil.

Befriend

BEFRIEND, v. t. befrend'. [be and friend.]

To favor; to act as a friend to; to countenance, aid or benefit.

Shak.

Befriended

BEFRIEND'ED, participle passive Favored; countenanced.

Befriending

BEFRIEND'ING, participle of the present tense Favoring; assisting as a friend; showing kindness to.

Befringe

BEFRINGE, v. t. befrinj'. [be and fringe.]

To furnish with a fringe; to adorn as with fringe.

Fuller.

Befringed

BEFRING'ED, participle passive Adorned as with a fringe.

Beg

BEG, or BEY, noun [The Turks write this word begh or bek, but pronounce it bey.]

In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a town or country; more particularly, the lord of a sangiac or banner. Every province is divided into seven sangiacs or banners, each of which qualifies a bey; and these are commanded by the governor of the province, called begler-beg or lord of all the beys. Each beg has the command of a certain number of spahis, or horse, denominated timariots.

In Tunis, the beg or bey is the prince or king, answering to the dey of Algiers.

In Egypt, the begs are twelve generals who command the militia, or standing forces of the kingdom.

Encyc.

Beg

BEG, verb transitive [In Italian, piccaro is a beggar.

This word is from some root in Class Bg, which signifies to make towards or to press, to urge, or to cry out. The German begehren, to which Skinner refers this word, is a compound of be and gieren to desire, Dutch begeeren, Saxon giernan, whence yearn. With this, beg has no connection.]

1. To ask earnestly; to beseech; to entreat or supplicate with humility. It implies more urgency than ask or petition.

Joseph begged the body of Jesus. Matthew 27.

2. To ask or supplicate in charity; as, we may yet be reduced to beg our bread.

3. To take for granted; to assume without proof; as, to beg the question in debate.

Beg

BEG, verb intransitive To ask alms or charity; to practice begging; to live by asking alms.

I cannot dig; I am ashamed to beg. Luke 16.

Beget

BEGET', verb transitive pret. begot, begat; pp. begot, begotten. [Saxon begetan, of be and getan, to get. See Get.]

1. To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate; as, to beget a son.

2. To produce, as an effect; to cause to exist; to generate; as, luxury bÃƒ-©gets vice.

Begetter

BEGET'TER, noun One who begets or procreates; a father.

Beggable

BEG'GABLE, adjective That may be begged.

Butler.

Beggar

BEG'GAR, noun [See Beg.] One that lives by asking alms, or makes it his business to beg for charity.

2. One who supplicates with humility; a petitioner; but in this sense rarely used, as the word has become a term of contempt.

Johnson.

3. One who assumes in argument what he does not prove.

Tillotson.

Beggar

BEG'GAR, verb transitive To reduce to beggary; to impoverish.

Shak.

2. To deprive or make destitute; to exhaust; as, to beggar description.

Beggared

BEG'GARED, participle passive Reduced to extreme poverty.

Beggaring

BEG'GARING, participle of the present tense Reducing to indigence or a state of beggary.

Beggarliness

BEG'GARLINESS, noun The state of being beggarly; meanness; extreme poverty.

Barret.

Beggarly

BEG'GARLY, adjective Mean; poor; in the condition of a beggar; extremely indigent.

Shak.

Beggarly

BEG'GARLY, adverb Meanly; indigently; despicably.

Hooker.

Beggar-Maid

BEG'GAR-MAID, noun A maid that is a beggar.

Shak.

Beggar-Man

BEG'GAR-MAN, noun A man that is a beggar.

Shak.

Beggar-Woman

BEG'GAR-WOMAN, noun A female beggar.

Shak.

Beggary

BEG'GARY, noun A state of extreme indigence.

Sidney.

Begged

BEG'GED, participle passive Entreated; supplicated; asked in charity.

Begging

BEG'GING, participle of the present tense Asking alms; supplicating: assuming without proof.

Begging

BEG'GING, noun The act of soliciting alms; the practice of asking alms; as, he lives by begging.

Beghards

BEGHARDS', or BEGUARDS', noun A religious order of St. Francis in Flanders, established

at Antwerp in 1228, and so named from St. Begghe, their patroness. They at first employed themselves in making linen cloth, united in bonds of charity, without any rule; but in 1290, they embraced that of the third order of St. Francis. The name has been transferred to all the other religious of the convent of Antwerp.

Encyc.

Begilt

BEGILT', adjective Gilded.

B. Jonson.

Begin

BEGIN', verb intransitive pret. began; pp. begun. [Saxon gynnan, aginnan, beginnan, and onginnan, to begin, ongin, a beginning; Gothic duginnan; Swedish begynna; Danish begynder; Dutch and German beginnen, to begin; Dutch and German beginn, a beginning, origin; Welsh cycwnu, to begin, cy, a prefix, and cwn, a head. The radical word is gin or gyn, to which are prefixed be, on, and du which is to. This appears to be the root of the Greek, Latin genero, gigno, coinciding with Syriac Kon, to begin to be; in Aph. to plant, to confirm, to create; Ethiopic Kon, to be, to become or be made; Arabic to be or become, to make, to create, to generate; Hebrew Chaldee Samaritan, to make ready, to adapt, prepare, establish; Samaritan to create. The primary sense is, to throw, thrust, stretch forward, hence to set, or to produce, according to its connection or application.]

1. To have an original or first existence; to take rise; to commence.

As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, who have been since the world began. Luke 1.

Judgment must begin at the house of God. 1 Pet. 4.

From Nimrod first the savage race began.

Pope.

And tears began to flow.

Dryden.

2. To do the first act; to enter upon something new; to take the first step; as, begin, my muse.

Begin every day to repent.

Taylor.

When I begin, I will also make an end. 1 Samuel 3.

Begin

BEGIN', verb transitive To do the first act of any thing; to enter on; to commence.

Ye nymphs of Solyma, begin the song.

Pope.

And this they begin to do. Genesis 11.

2. To trace from any thing, as the first ground; to lay the foundation.

The apostle begins our knowledge in the creatures, which leads us to the knowledge of God.

Locke.

To begin with, to enter upon first; to use or employ first; as, to begin with the Latin Grammar; to begin business with a small capital.

Beginner

BEGIN'NER, noun The person who begins; he that gives an original; the agent who is the cause; an author.

2. One who first enters upon any art, science or business; one who is in his rudiments; a young practitioner; often implying want of experience.

Beginning

BEGIN'NING, participle of the present tense First entering upon; commencing; giving rise or original; taking rise or origin.

Beginning

BEGIN'NING, noun The first cause; origin.

I am the beginning and the ending. Revelation 1.

2. That which is first; the first state; commencement; entrance into being.

In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Gen. 1.

3. The rudiments, first ground or materials.

Mighty things from small beginnings grow.

Dryden.

Beginningless

BEGIN'NINGLESS, adjective That hath no beginning. [A bad word and not used.]

Barrow.

Begird

BEGIRD, v. t. begurd'. pret. begirt, begirded; pp. begirt. [be and gird; Saxon begyrdan.]

1. To bind with a band or girdle.

2. To surround; to inclose; to encompass.

Begird the Almighty throne.

Milton.

3. To besiege.

Clarendon.

To begirt, used by B. Jonson, is a corrupt orthography.

Begirded

BEGIRD'ED, or BEGIRT, participle passive Bound with a girdle; surrounded; inclosed; besieged.

Begirding

BEGIRD'ING, participle of the present tense Binding with a girdle; surrounding; besieging.

Beglerbeg

BEG'LERBEG, noun [See Beg.] The governor of a province in the Turkish empire, next in dignity to the grand vizier. Each has three ensigns or staves, trimmed with a horse tail, to distinguish him from a bashaw, who has two, and a beg, who has one. His province is called beglerbeglik.

Encyc.

Begnaw

BEGNAW', v. t. benaw'. [Saxon begnagan; be and gnaw.]

To bite or gnaw; to eat away; to corrode; to nibble.

Shak.

Begone

BEGONE. Go away; depart. These two words have been improperly united. Be retains the sense of a verb, and gone, that of a participle.

Begored

BEGO'RED, adjective [be and gore.] Besmeared with gore.

Spenser.

Begot

BEGOT', BEGOT'TEN, participle passive of get. Procreated; generated.

Begrave

BEGRA'VE, verb transitive To deposit in the grave; to bury. [Not used.]

2. To engrave. [Not used.]

Gower.

Begrease

BEGRE'ASE, v. t. s as z. [be and grease.]

To soil or daub with grease, or other oily matter.

Begrime

BEGRI'ME, verb transitive [be and grime.] To soil with dirt deep-impressed, so that the natural hue cannot easily be recovered.

Shak.

Begrimed

BEGRI'MED, participle passive Deeply soiled.

Begrudge

BEGRUDGE, v. t. begrudj'. [See Grudge.]

To grudge; to envy the possession of.

Beguile

BEGUI'LE, v. t. begi'le. [be and guile.] To delude; to deceive; to impose on by artifice or craft.

The serpent beguiled me and I did eat. Genesis 3.

2. To elude by craft.

When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage.

Shak.

3. To elude any thing disagreeable by amusement, or other means; to pass pleasingly; to amuse; as, to beguile the tedious day with sleep.

Shak.

Beguiled

BEGUI'LED, participle passive Deluded; imposed on; misled by craft; eluded by stratagem; passed pleasingly.

Beguiler

BEGUI'LER, noun He or that which beguiles or deceives.

Beguiling

BEGUI'LING, participle of the present tense Deluding; deceiving by craft; eluding by artifice; amusing.

Beguilty

BEGUIL'TY, verb transitive To render guilty. [A barbarous word.]

Sanderson.

Beguin

BE'GUIN, noun The Beguins are a congregation of nuns in Flanders, so called from their founder, or from their head dress. Beguin, in French, is a linen cap. From this order sprung the Beguinages in Flanders.

Encyc. Mason.

Begun

BEGUN', participle passive of begin. Commenced; originated.

Behalf

BEHALF, n. behÃƒ- f. [This word is probably a corruption. If composed of be and half, it is a word of modern origin: but I take it to be the Saxon behefe, profit, need, or convenience; German behuf; Dutch behoef, necessaries, business; behoeve, behalf; Swedish behof; Danish behov, need, necessity, sufficiency, or what is required, sustenance or support; from the verb behoove, behofwa, behÃƒ-¶ver, to need. The spelling is therefore corrupt: it should be behof or behoof. See Behoof.]

1. Favor; advantage; convenience; profit; support; defense; vindication. The advocate pleads in behalf of the prisoner. The patriot suffers in behalf of his country.

2. Part; side; noting substitution, or the act of taking the part of another; as, the agent appeared in behalf of his constituents, and entered a claim.

Behappen

BEHAP'PEN, verb intransitive [be and happen.] To happen to.

Spenser.

Behave

BEHA'VE, verb transitive [German gehaben; Saxon gehabban, and behabban; be and have.]

1. To restrain; to govern; to subdue. [The Saxon sense of the word.]

He did behave his anger e'er 'twas spent.

Shak.

This sense is obsolete. Yet it often seems to be implied; for to behave one's self, is really, to govern one's self; to have in command.

2. To carry; to conduct; used with the reciprocal pronoun; as, he behaves himself manfully. But the tendency of modern usage is to omit the pronoun; as, he behaves well.

Behave

BEHA'VE, verb intransitive To act; to conduct; generally applied to manners, or to conduct in any particular business; and in a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill.

Behaved

BEHA'VED, participle passive Conducted.

Behaving

BEHA'VING, participle of the present tense Carrying; conducting.

Behavior

BEHA'VIOR, n. behÃƒ-¡vyur. [See Behave.]

Manner of behaving, whether good or bad; conduct; manners; carriage of one's self, with respect to propriety, or morals; deportment. It expresses external appearance or action; sometimes in a particular character; more generally in the common duties of life; as, our future destiny depends on our behavior in this life. It may express correct or good manners, but I doubt whether it ever expresses the idea of elegance of manners, without another word to qualify it.

To be upon one's behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of conduct. The modern phrase is, to be or to be put, upon one's good behavior.

Behead

BEHEAD', v. t. behed'. [be and head.]

To cut off the head; to sever the head from the body, with a cutting instrument; appropriately used of the execution of men for crimes.

Beheaded

BEHEAD'ED, pp. behed'ed. Having the head cut off.

Beheading

BEHEAD'ING, ppr. behed'ing. Severing the head from the body.

Beheading

BEHEAD'ING, n. behed'ing. The act of separating the head from the body by a cutting instrument: decollation.

Beheld

BEHELD', preterit tense and participle passive of behold, which see.

Behemoth

BE'HEMOTH, noun [Hebrew, from, a beast or brute; from an Arabic verb, which signifies, to shut, to lie hid, to be dumb. In Ethiopic dumb.]

Authors are divided in opinion as to the animal intended in scripture by this name; some supposing it to be an ox, others, an elephant; and Bochart labors to prove it the hippopotamus, or river horse. The latter opinion is most probable. [See Hippopotamus.] The original word in Arabic signifies a brute or beast in general, especially a quadruped.

Behen

BE'HEN, or BEN, or BEK'EN, noun A plant.

The white behen is a species of Cucubalus, called Swedish Lychnis, or gum sepungar. The empalement of its flower resembles net-work, and its leaves have somewhat of the flavor of pease.

Family of Plants. Encyc.

The behen of the shops, or white behen, is spatling poppy. Red behen is sea lavender.

Lee. Bailey. Coxe.

Behest

BEHEST', noun [be and Saxon hoese, a command; German geheiss, command, from heissen, to call, tell, or command. See Heat.]

Command; precept; mandate. [Antiquated, except in poetry.]

Behight

BEHI'GHT, v. t. behite; pret. behot. [Saxon behetan, to promise.]

To promise; to entrust; to call, or name; to command; to adjudge; to address; to inform; to mean; to reckon. The orthography is corrupt; it should be behite.

Obs.

Spenser. Chaucer.

Behind

BEHIND, prep. [Saxon behindan, of be and hindan, behind; Gothic hindar, beyond, behind; hindar-leithan, to pass, praeterire; German hinter.]

1. At the back of another; as, to ride behind a horseman.

2. On the back part, at any distance; in the rear; as, to walk behind another.

3. Remaining; left after the departure of another, whether by removing to a distance, or by death; as, a man leaves his servant behind him, or his estate at his decease.

4. Left at a distance, in progress or improvement; as, one student is behind another in mathematics.

5. Inferior to another in dignity and excellence.

For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles. 2 Corinthians 11.

6. On the side opposite the front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a person; on the other side; as behind a bed; behind a hill; behind a house, tree, or rock.

Behind the back, in scripture, signifies, out of notice, or regard; overlooked; disregarded.

They cast thy laws behind their backs. Nehemiah 19. Isaiah 38.

Behind

BEHIND, adverb [be and hind.] Out of sight; not produced, or exhibited to view; remaining; as, we know no what evidence is behind.

2. Backwards; on the back-part; as, to look behind.

3. Past in the progress of time.

Forgetting those things which are behind. Philippians 3.

4. Future, or remaining to be endured.

And fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh. Colossians 1.

5. Remaining after a payment; unpaid; as, there is a large sum behind.

6. Remaining after the departure of; as, he departed and left us behind.

Behindhand

BEHINDHAND, adjective [behind and hand.]

In arrear; in an exhausted state; in a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them. In popular use, a state of poverty, in which the means of living are not adequate to the end. Also, in a state of backwardness, in which a particular business has been delayed beyond the proper season for performing it; as, he is behindhand in his business.

Behindhand with, is behind in progress; not upon equal terms in forwardness; as, to be behindhand with the fashionable world.

This word is really an adjective, as it is applied to the person rather than to the verb; but like adrift, aloft, ashamed, and several other words, never precedes the noun. Shakspeare's "behindhand slackness," therefore, according to present usage, is not a legitimate phrase.

Behold

BEHO'LD, verb transitive pret. and pp. beheld'. [Saxon behealdan, beheoldan, gehealdan, gehaldan, from healdan, to hold. The sense is, to hold, or rather to reach with the eye, to have in sight, from straining, or extending. In Saxon, the verb signifies not only to look or see, but to guard; so in Latin, observo, from servo, to keep. This explication leads us to an understanding of the participle beholden, which retains the primitive sense of the verb, bound, obliged. The Germans retain the original sense in behalten, to hold or keep; as the Dutch do in gehouden, held, bound; and the Danes in beholder, to keep, retain; behold, a retreat, refuge, reservation. See Observe and Regard.]

1. To fix the eyes upon; to see with attention; to observe with care.

Behold the lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world. John 1.

2. In a less intensive sense, to look upon; to see.

When he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived. Numbers 21.

Behold

BEHO'LD, verb intransitive To look; to direct the eyes to an object.

And I beheld, and lo, in the midst of the throne, a lamb, as it had been slain. Rev. 5.

2. To fix the attention upon an object; to attend; to direct or fix the mind.

Behold, I stand at the door and knock. Revelation 3.

This word is much used in this manner for exciting attention, or admiration. It is in the imperative mode, expressing command, or exhortation; and by no means a mere exclamation.

Beholden

BEHO'LDEN, participle passive or a. behÃƒ-³ldn. [The participle of behold, to keep, guard, or bind. See Behold.]

Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted.

Little are we beholden to your love.

Shak.

Beholder

BEHO'LDER, noun One who beholds; a spectator; one who looks upon, or sees.

Beholding

BEHO'LDING, participle of the present tense Fixing the eyes upon; looking on; seeing.

2. Fixing the attention; regarding with attention.

3. Obligation. [Not used.]

Carew.

4. Obliged. Bacon on Love. A mistaken use of the word for beholden.

Beholdingness

BEHO'LDINGNESS, noun The state of being obliged.

Donne. Sidney.

[An error, and not in use.]

Behoney

BEHON'EY, verb transitive To sweeten with honey.

Sherwood.

Behoof

BEHOOF, noun [Saxon behofian, to want, to be necessary, to be expedient; hence, to be a duty; Dutch behoeven, to need; German behuf, behoof; Danish behÃƒ-¶ver, to need, to lack; behov, need, necessity, sufficiency, maintenance, that is, things needed; Swedish behof, need; behofwa, to need.]

1. Radically, need, necessity; whence, by an easy analogy, the word came to signify that which supplies want. Hence, in present usage,

2. That which is advantageous; advantage; profit; benefit.

No mean recompense it brings to your behoof.

Milton.

Behoovable

BEHOOV'ABLE, adjective Needful; profitable.

Behoove

BEHOOVE, v. t. behoov'. [Saxon behofian, to want, to be necessary, or expedient. Supra.]

To be necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to necessity, duty, or convenience.

And thus it behooved Christ to suffer. Luke 24

It may perhaps be used intransitively; as, let him behave as it behooveth; but I believe such use is rare.

Behooveful

BEHOOVEFUL, adjective behoov'ful. Needful; useful; profitable; advantageous.

Behoovefully

BEHOOVEFULLY, adv. behoov'fully. Usefully; profitably. [obsolete or nearly so.]

Behot

BEHOT', preterit tense of behight. Obs.

Behove

BEHOVE, and its derivatives. [See Behoove.]

Behowl

BEHOWL', verb intransitive [be and howl.] To howl at. [Not used.]

Shak.

Being

BE'ING, participle of the present tense [See Be.] Existing in a certain state.

Man, being in honor, abideth not. Psalm 49.

Being

BE'ING, noun Existence; as, God is the author of our being.

In God we live, and move, and have our being. Acts 17.

2. A particular state or condition. [This is hardly a different sense.]

3. A person existing; applied to the human race.

4. An immaterial, intelligent existence, or spirit.

Superior beings, when of late they saw

A mortal man unfold all nature's lawÃ‚--

Pope.

5. An animal; any living creature.

Animals are such beings, as are endowed with sensation and spontaneous motion.

Bejade

BEJA'DE, verb transitive [be and jade.] To tire. [Not used.]

Milton.

Bejape

BEJA'PE, verb transitive To laugh at; to deceive. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Bekiss

BEKISS', verb transitive [be and kiss.] To kiss or salute. [Not in use.]

Jonson.

Beknave

BEKNA'VE, verb transitive [be and knave.] To call knave. [Not used.]

Pope.

Beknow

BEKNO'W, verb transitive [be and know.] To acknowledge. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Belabor

BELA'BOR, verb transitive [perhaps from be and labor; but in Russian bulava is a club.] To beat soundly; to thump.

Ajax belabors there a harmless ox.

Dryden.

Belace

BELA'CE, verb transitive [be and lace.] To fasten, as with a lace or cord.

2. To beat; to whip.

Belaced

BELA'CED, adjective Adorned with lace.

Beaumont.

Belamour

BEL'AMOUR, noun [French bel-amour.] A gallant; a consort. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Belamy

BEL'AMY, noun [French bel-ami.] A good friend; an intimate. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Belate

BELA'TE, verb transitive [be and late.] To retard or make too late. [Not used.]

Belated

BELA'TED, adjective [be and lated.] Benighted; abroad late at night.

2. Too late for the hour appointed or intended; later than the proper time.

Belatedness

BELA'TEDNESS, noun A being too late.

Milton.

Belave

BELA'VE, verb transitive [be and lave.] To wash. [Not used.]

Belawgive

BELAW'GIVE, verb transitive To give a law to. [Barbarous and not used.]

Milton.

Belay

BELA'Y, verb transitive [This word is composed of be and lay, to lay to, lay by, or close. See Beleaguer.]

1. To block up, or obstruct.

Dryden. Gower.

2. To place in ambush.

Spenser.

3. To adorn, surround, or cover.

Spenser.

4. In seamanship, to fasten, or make fast, by winding a rope round a cleat, kevil, or belaying-pin. It is chiefly applied to the running rigging.

Mar. Dict.

Belayed

BELA'YED, participle passive Obstructed; ambushed; made fast.

Belaying

BELA'YING, participle of the present tense Blocking up; laying an ambush; making fast.

Belch

BELCH, verb transitive [Saxon bealcan, to belch, that is, to push out, to swell or heave; belgan, to be angry, that is, to swell with passion; bulge, bilge, bulk; allied to Welsh balc, prominent.]

1. To throw or eject wind from the stomach with violence.

2. To eject violently from a deep hollow place; as, a volcano belches flames and lava.

Belch

BELCH, noun The act of throwing out from the stomach, or from a hollow place; eructation.

2. A cant name for malt liquor.

Dennis.

Belched

BELCH'ED, participle passive Ejected from the stomach, or from a hollow place.

Belching

BELCH'ING, participle of the present tense Ejecting from the stomach or any deep hollow place.

Belching

BELCH'ING, noun Eructation.

Barret.

Beldam

BEL'DAM, noun [French belle, fine, handsome, and dame, lady. It seems to be used in contempt, or as a cant term.]

1. An old woman.

Shak.

Spenser seems to have used the word in its true sense for good dame.

2. A hag.

Dryden. Shak.

Beleaguer

BELE'AGUER, v. t. belee'ger. [German belagern, from be, by, near, and lagern, to lay; Dutch belegeren, to besiege, to convene, to belay; Swedish beloegra, to besiege; Danish beligger; Russian oblegayu.]

To besiege; to block up; to surround with an army, so as to preclude escape.

Dryden.

Beleaguered

BELE'AGUERED, participle passive Besieged.

Beleaguerer

BELE'AGUERER, noun One who besieges.

Sherwood.

Beleaguring

BELE'AGURING, participle of the present tense Besieging; blocking up.

Beleave

BELE'AVE, verb transitive [be and leave.] To leave. [Not used.]

May.

Belee

BELEE', verb transitive [be and lee.] To place on the lee, or in a position unfavorable to the wind. [Not used.]

Shak.

Belemnite

BELEM'NITE, noun [Greek, a dart, or arrow, from, from the root of, pello, to throw.]

Arrow-head, or finger stone; vulgarly called thunder-bolt, or thunder stone. A genus of fossil shells, common in chalk and limestone. These shells consist of an interior cone, divided into partitions connected by a syphon, as in the nautilus, and surrounded by a number of concentric layers, made up of fibers radiating from the axis. These layers are somewhat transparent, and when burnt, rubbed or scraped, give the odor of rasped horn. The species are now extinct.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Beleper

BELEP'ER, verb transitive To infect with leprosy. [Not used.]

Beaumont.

Belfry

BEL'FRY, noun [French befroy; barb. Latin belfredus.]

1. Among military writers of the middle age, a tower erected by besiegers to overlook the place besieged, in which sentinels were placed to watch the avenues, and to prevent surprise from parties of the enemy, or to give notice of fires, by ringing a bell.

Encyc.

2. That part of a steeple, or other building, in which a bell is hung, and more particularly, the timber work which sustains it.

Encyc.

Belgard

BELGARD', noun [French bel and egard.] A soft look or glance. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Belgian

BEL'GIAN, adjective [See Belgic.] Belonging to Belgica, or the Netherlands.

Belgian

BEL'GIAN, noun A native of Belgica, or the Low Countries.

Belgic

BEL'GIC, adjective [Latin belgicus, from Belgae, the inhabitants of the Netherlands and the country bordering on the Rhine, from that river to the Seine and the ocean. The name may have been given to them from their bulk or large stature; Welsh balc, prominent, proud, from bal, a shooting out; bulge; Russian velikai, great. See Pomp. Mela. Lib. 3. 3, and 3. 5: Tac. Agric: Joseph. De Bell. Jud. 2. 16: Herod. Latin 6: Strabo. Latin 4. Owen supposes the Welch name, Belgiad, to have been given them, from their bursting forth and ravaging Britain and Ireland. But they had the name on the continent, before their irruption into Britain.]

Pertaining to the Belgae, who, in Cesar's time, possessed the country between the Rhine, the Seine and the ocean. They were of Teutonic origin, and anterior to Cesar's invasion of Gaul and Britain, colonies of them had established themselves in the southern part of Britain. The country was called from its inhabitants Belgica, not Belgium, which was the town of Beauvais. See Cluv. Germ. Ant. 2.2.

Belgic is now applied to the Netherlands, called also Flanders, or that part of the Low Countries which formerly belonged to the house of Austria.

Belial

BE'LIAL, noun [Hebrew.] As a noun, unprofitableness; wickedness. As an adjective, worthless; wicked. In a collective sense, wicked men.

Parkhurst.

Belibel

BELI'BEL, verb transitive [be and libel.] To libel or traduce. [Not used.]

Fuller.

Belie

BELI'E, verb transitive [be and lie. Saxon belecgan, of be and leogan, to lie, lig, or lyg, a lie; Dutch beliegen; German belÃƒ-¼gen, to belie. See Lie.]

1. To give the lie to; to show to be false; to charge with falsehood; as, the heart belies the tongue. It is rarely used of declarations; but of appearances and facts which show that declarations, or certain appearances and pretences are false and hypocritical. Hence,

2. To counterfeit; to mimic; to feign resemblance.

With dust, with horse's hoofs, that beat the ground,

And martial brass, belie the thunder's sound.

Dryden.

3. To give a false representation.

Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts.

Shak.

4. To tell lies concerning; to calumniate by false reports.

Thou dost belie him, Percy.

Shak.

5. To fill with lies.

Slander doth belie all corners of the world. [Not legitimate.]

Shak.

Belied

BELI'ED, participle passive Falsely represented either by word or obvious evidence and indication; counterfeited; mimicked.

Belief

BELIE'F, noun [Saxon geleaf, leave, license, permission, consent, assent, belief, faith or trust; geleafan, gelefan, geliefan, gelyfan, to believe; leofan, to leave and to live. From these words, it appears that belief is from the root of leave, permission, assent; Saxon leaf, leave and belief, fides; leofa, permission, license; written also lif and lufa; lyfan, to permit; Dutch geloof, German glaube, belief, credit, faith; gelooven, glauben, to believe; Danish belover, to promise; Dutch oorlof, verlof, leave, permission; German urlaub, leave, furlow. The primary sense of believe is to throw or put to, or to assent to; to leave with or to rest on; to rely. See Leave and Live.]

1. A persuasion of the truth, or an assent of mind to the truth of a declaration, proposition or alledged fact, on the ground of evidence, distinct from personal knowledge; as the belief of the gospel; belief of a witness. Belief may also be founded on internal impressions, or arguments and reasons furnished by our own minds; as the belief of our senses; a train of reasoning may result in belief. Belief is opposed to knowledge and science.

2. In theology, faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of religion.

No man can attain [to] belief by the bare contemplation of heaven and earth.

Hooker.

3. Religion; the body of tenets held by the professors of faith.

In the heat of persecution, to which christian belief was subject, upon its first promulgation.

Hooker.

4. In some cases, the word is used for persuasion or opinion, when the evidence is not so clear as to leave no doubt; but the shades of strength in opinion can hardly be defined, or exemplified. Hence the use of qualifying words; as a firm, full or strong belief.

5. The thing believed; the object of belief.

Superstitious prophecies are the belief of fools.

Bacon.

6. A creed; a form or summary of articles of faith. In this sense, we generally use Creed.

Believable

BELIE'VABLE, adjective That may be believed; credible.

Sherwood.

Believe

BELIE'VE, verb transitive To credit upon the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the truth of something upon the declaration of another, or upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and deductions of the mind, or by other circumstances, than personal knowledge. When we believe upon the authority of another, we always put confidence in his veracity. When we believe upon the authority of reasoning, arguments, or a concurrence of facts and circumstances, we rest our conclusions upon their strength or probability, their agreement with our own experience, &c.

2. To expect or hope with confidence; to trust.

I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living. Psalm 27.

Believe

BELIE'VE, verb intransitive To have a firm persuasion of any thing. In some cases, to have full persuasion, approaching to certainty; in others, more doubt is implied. It is often followed by in or on, especially in the scriptures. To believe in, is to hold as the object of faith. "Ye believe in God, believe also in me." John 14. To believe on, is to trust, to place full confidence in, to rest upon with faith. "To them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name." John 1. Johnson. But there is no ground for much distinction.

In theology, to believe sometimes expresses a mere assent of the understanding to the truths of the gospel; as in the case of Simon. Acts 8. In others, the word implies, with this assent of the mind, a yielding of the will and affections, accompanied with a humble reliance on Christ for salvation. John 1:12. iii. 15.

In popular use and familiar discourse, to believe often expresses an opinion in a vague manner, without a very exact estimate of evidence, noting a mere preponderance of opinion, and is nearly equivalent to think or suppose.

Believed

BELIE'VED, participle passive Credited; assented to, as true.

Believer

BELIE'VER, noun One who believes; one who gives credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge.

2. In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted sense, a professor of christianity; one who receives the gospel, as unfolding the true way of salvation, and Christ, as his Savior.

In the primitive church, those who had been instructed in the truths of the gospel and baptized, were called believers; in distinction from the catechumens, who were under instruction, as preparatory to baptism and admission to church privileges.

Encyc.

Believing

BELIE'VING, participle of the present tense Giving credit to testimony or to other evidence than personal knowledge.

Believingly

BELIE'VINGLY, adverb In a believing manner.

Belike

BELI'KE, adverb [be and like.] Probably; likely; perhaps. [Nearly antiquated.]

Belikely

BELI'KELY, adverb Probably. [Not used.]

Hall.

Belive

BELI'VE, adverb [See Live.] Speedily; quickly. Obs.

Spenser.

Bell

BELL, noun [Saxon bell, bella, belle, so named from its sound; Saxon bellan, to bawl, or bellow; Welsh ballaw; German bellen; Dutch id.; coinciding with and pello. See Peal.]

1. A vessel or hollow body, used for making sounds. Its constituent parts are a barrel or hollow body, enlarged or expanded at one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a beam, and a clapper on the inside. It is formed of a composition of metals. Bells are of high antiquity. The blue tunic of the Jewish High Priest was adorned with golden bells; and the kings of Persia are said to have the hem of their robe adorned with them in like manner. Among the Greeks, those who went the nightly rounds in camps or garrisons, used to ring a bell, at each sentinel-box, to see that the soldier on duty was awake. Bells were also put on the necks of criminals, to warn persons to move out of the way of so ill an omen, as the sight of a criminal or his executioner; also on the necks of beasts and birds, and in houses. In churches and other public buildings, bells are now used to notify the time of meeting of any congregation or other assembly.

Encyc.

In private houses, bells are used to call servants, either hung and moved by a wire, or as hand-bells. Small bells are also used in electrical experiments.

2. A hollow body of metal, perforated, and containing a solid ball, to give sounds when shaken; used on animals, as on horses or hawks.

3. Any thing in form of a bell, as the cup or calix of a flower.

To bear the bell, is to be the first or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether of a flock, or the leading horse of a team or drove, that wears bells on his collar.

To shake the bells, a phrase of Shakspeare, signifies to move, give notice or alarm.

Bell

BELL, verb intransitive To grow in the form of bells, as buds or flowers.

Bell-Fashioned

BELL'-FASHIONED, adjective Having the form of a bell.

Mortimer.

Bell-Flower

BELL'-FLOWER, noun [bell and flower.] A genus of plants, so named from the shape of the corol or flower which resembles a bell, Latin Campanula, a genus of monogynian pentanders, comprehending many species.

Bell-Founder

BELL'-FOUNDER, noun [bell and founder.] A man whose occupation is to found or cast bells.

Bell-Man

BELL'-MAN, noun [bell and man.] A man who rings a bell, especially to give notice of any thing in the strÃƒ-©ets.

Bell-Metal

BELL'-METAL, noun [bell and metal.] A mixture of copper and tin, in the proportion of about ten parts of copper to one of tin, or according to Thomson, three parts to one, and usually a small portion of brass or zink; used for making bells.

Encyc.

Bell-Pepper

BELL'-PEPPER, noun [bell and pepper.] A name of the Guinea pepper, a species of Capsicum. This is the red pepper of the gardens, and most proper for pickling.

Encyc.

Bell-Ringer

BELL'-RINGER, noun One whose business is to ring a church or other bell.

Bell-Shaped

BELL'-SHAPED, adjective [bell and shape.] Having the form of a bell.

Botany.

Bell-Wether

BELL'-WETHER, noun [bell and wether.] A wether or sheep which leads the flock, with a bell on his neck.

Bell-Wort

BELL-'WORT, noun A plant, the Uvularia.

Muhlenberg.

Belladonna

BEL'LADONNA, noun A plant, a species of A tropa, or deadly nightshade.

Lee.

Bellatrix

BEL'LATRIX, noun [Latin] A ruddy, glittering star of the second magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion; so named from its imagined influence in exciting war.

Encyc.

Belle

BELLE, n. bel. [French, from Latin bellus, Italian bello, Spanish bello, handsome, fine, whence to embellish; allied perhaps to Russian bielo, white.]

A young lady. In popular use, a lady of superior beauty and much admired.

Belled

BELL'ED, adjective Hung with bells.

Belles-Lettres

BELLES-LETTRES, n. plu. bel' letter, or anglicised, bell-letters. [French See Belle and Letter.]

Polite literature; a word of very vague signification. It includes poetry and oratory; but authors are not agreed to what particular branches of learning the term should be restricted.

Encyc.

Bellibone

BELL'IBONE, noun [French belle and bonne.] A woman excelling both in beauty and goodness. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Belligerent

BELLIG'ERENT, adjective [Latin belliger, warlike; belligero, to wage war; from bellum, war, and gero, to wage; part. gerens, gerentis, waging. Greek, war; Welsh bel, war, tumult; bela, to war, to wrangle.]

Waging war; carrying on war; as a belligerent nation.

Belligerent

BELLIG'ERENT, noun A nation, power or state carrying on war.

Belligerous

BELLIG'EROUS, adjective The same as belligerent. [Not used.]

Belling

BELL'ING, noun [Saxon bellan, to bellow.] The noise of a roe in rutting time; a huntsman's term.

Dict.

2. adjective Growing or forming like a bell; growing full and ripe; used of hops; from bell.

Ash.

Bellipotent

BELLIP'OTENT, adjective [Latin bellum, war, and potens, powerful, bellipotens.]

Powerful or mighty in war. [Little used.]

Dict.

Bellique

BELLIQUE, adjective bellee'k. [Old French] Warlike. [Not used.]

Feltham.

Bellon

BEL'LON, noun A disease, attended with languor and intolerable griping of the bowels, common in places where lead ore is smelted.

Encyc.

Bellona

BELLO'NA, noun [from Latin bellum, war.] The goddess of war.

Ant. Mythol.

Bellow

BEL'LOW, verb intransitive [Saxon bulgian, bylgean; Welsh ballaw; Latin balo; Dutch bulken; Swedish b\?\la; Saxon bellan, to bawl. See Bawl.]

1. To make a hollow, loud noise, as a bull; to make a loud outery; to roar. In contempt, to vociferate or clamor.

2. To roar, as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound.

Dryden.

Bellow

BEL'LOW, noun A loud outcry; roar.

Bellowing

BEL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Making a loud hollow sound, as a bull, or as the roaring of billows.

Bellowing

BEL'LOWING, noun A loud hollow sound or roar.

Herbert.

Bellows

BEL'LOWS, n. sing. and plu. [Saxon bilig or bylig, bellows; and bilig, bylg, a blown bladder, a bottle; Gothic balgs, bylg, bylga, a mail or budget; Latin bulga; Irish builg, bolg, a bellows; German balg, a skin; blase-balg, a bellows, that is, a blow-skin; Dutch blaasbalg; Swedish bl\?\sbalg; Danish bloesebelg. See Blaze. The word is properly in the singular number, Goth balgs, but is used also in the plural. It seems to be the same word as the Latin follis, and probably from shooting out, swelling or driving, Welsh bal.]

An instrument, utensil or machine for blowing fire, either in private dwellings or in forges, furnaces and shops. It is so formed as by being dilated and contracted, to inhale air by a lateral orifice which is opened and closed with a valve, and to propel it through a tube upon the fire.

Bellows-Fish

BEL'LOWS-FISH, noun The trumpet-fish, about four inches long, with a long snout; whence its name.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Belluine

BEL'LUINE, adjective [Latin belluinus, from bellua, a beast.]

Beastly; pertaining to or like a beast; brutal. [Little used.]

Atterbury.

Belly

BEL'LY, noun [Irish bolg, the belly, a bag, pouch, budget, blister, bellows; Welsh boly, the belly, whence boliaw, to belly, to gorge; Armoric boelcu, bowels. The primary sense is swelled, or a swell.]

1. That part of the human body which extends from the breast to the things, containing the bowels. It is called also the abdomen or lower belly, to distinguish it from the head and breast, which are sometimes called bellies, from their cavity.

Quincy.

2. The part of a beast, corresponding to the human belly.

3. The womb. Jeremiah 1:5.

4. The receptacle of food; that which requires food, in opposition to the back.

Whose god is their belly. Philippians 3.

5. The part of any thing which resembles the human belly in protuberance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle.

6. Any hollow inclosed place; as the belly of hell, in Jonah.

7. In scripture, belly is used for the heart. Proverbs 18:8. xx. 30. John 7:38. Carnal lusts, sensual pleasures. Romans 16:18. Philippians 3:19. The whole men. Titus ~~. 12.

Brown. Cruden.

Belly

BEL'LY, verb transitive To fill; to swell out.

Shak.

Belly

BEL'LY, verb intransitive To swell and become protuberant, like the belly; as, bellying goblets; bellying canvas.

Dryden. Phillips.

2. To strut.

Bailey.

Belly-Ache

BEL'LY-ACHE, noun [belly and ache.] Pain in the bowels; the colic. [Vulgar.]

Belly-Ache Bush

BEL'LY-ACHE BUSH or WEED, noun A species of Jatropha.

Belly-Band

BEL'LY-BAND, noun A band that encompasses the belly of a horse, and fastens the saddle; a girth.

Sherwood.

Belly-Bound

BEL'LY-BOUND, adjective Diseased in the belly, so as to be costive, and shrunk in the belly.

Johnson.

Belly-Cheer

BEL'LY-CHEER, noun Good cheer. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Belly-Fretting

BEL'LY-FRETTING, noun The chafing of a horse's belly, with a fore girt.

2. A violent pain in a horse's belly, caused by worms.

Dict.

Bellyful

BEL'LYFUL, noun [belly and full.] As mnch as fills the belly, or satisfies the appetite. In familiar and ludicrous language, a great abundance; more than enough. [Vulgar.]

Johnson.

Belly-God

BEL'LY-GOD, noun [belly and god.] A glutton; one who makes a god of his belly; that is, whose great business or pleasure is to gratify his appetite.

Bellying

BEL'LYING, participle of the present tense Enlarging capacity; swelling out, like the belly.

Belly-Pinched

BEL'LY-PINCHED, adjective [See Pinch.] Starved; pinched with hunger.

Shak.

Belly-Roll

BEL'LY-ROLL, noun [See Roll.] A roller protuberant in the middle, to roll land between ridges, or in hollows.

Mortimer.

Belly-Slave

BEL'LY-SLAVE, noun A slave to the appetite.

Homily.

Belly-Timber

BEL'LY-TIMBER, noun [See Timber.] Food; that which supports the belly. [Vulgar.]

Prior. Hudibras.

Belly-Worm

BEL'LY-WORM, noun [See Worm.] A worm that breeds in the belly or stomach.

Johnson.

Belock

BELOCK', verb transitive [Saxon belucan, from loc, a lock, with be.]

To lock or fasten as with a lock.

Shak.

Belomancy

BEL'OMANCY, noun [Greek, an arrow, and, divination.]

A kind of divination, practiced by the ancient Scythians, Babylonians and other nations, and by the Arabians. A number of arrows, being marked, were put into a bag or quiver, and drawn out at random; and the marks or words on the arrow drawn determined what was to happen. See Ezekiel 21:21.

Encyc.

Belone

BELO'NE, noun [Greek, a needle.] The gar, garfish, or sea-needle, a species of Esox. It grows to the length of two or three feet, with long pointed jaws, the edges of which are armed with small teeth.

Encyc.

Belong

BELONG', verb intransitive [Dutch belangen, to concern, belang, concern, interest, importance, of be and lang; German belangen, to attain to, or come to; anlangen, to arrive, to come to, to concern, touch or belong; Danish anlanger, to arrive at, to belong. In Saxon gelangian is to call or bring. The radical sense of long is to extend or draw out, and with be or an, it signifies to extend to, to reach.]

1. To be the property of; as, a field belongs to Richard Roe; Jamaica belongs to German Britain.

2. To be the concern or proper business of; to appertain; as, it belongs to John Doe to prove his title.

3. To be appendant to.

He went into a desert place belonging to Bethsaida. Luke 9.

4. To be a part of, or connected with, though detached in place; as, a beam or rafter

belongs to such a frame, or to such a place in the building.

5. To have relation to.

And David said, to whom belongest thou? 1 Samuel 30.

6. To be the quality or attribute of.

To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness. Danish ix.

7. To be suitable for.

Strong meat belongeth to them of full age. Hebrews 5.

8. To relate to, or be referred to.

He careth for things that belong to the Lord. 1 Corinthians 7.

9. To have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.

Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers belong.

Blackstone.

Hence,

10 To be the native of; to have original residence.

There is no other country in the world to which the Gipeys could belong.

Grellman. Pref. 12.

11. In common language, to have a settled residence; to be domiciliated.

Belonging

BELONG'ING, participle of the present tense Pertaining; appertaining; being the property of; being a quality of; being the concern of; being appendant to; being a native of, or having a legal or permanent settlement in.

Belonging

BELONG'ING, noun A quality. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Beloved

BELOV'ED, participle of the present tense [be and loved, from love. Belove, as a verb, is not used.]

Loved; greatly loved; dear to the heart.

Paul.

Below

BELOW', preposition [be and low.] Under in place; beneath; not so high; as, below the moon; below the knee.

2. Inferior in rank, excellence or dignity.

Felton.

3. Unworthy of; unbefitting.

Dryden.

Below

BELOW, adverb In a lower place, with respect to any object; as, the heavens above and the earth below.

2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens.

The fairest child of Jove below.

Prior.

3. In hell, or the region of the dead; as the realms below.

Dryden.

4. In a court of inferior jurisdiction; as, at the trial below.

Wheaton.

Belowt

BELOWT', verb transitive [See Lowt.] To treat with contemptuous language. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Belswagger

BEL'SWAGGER, noun A lewd man.

Dryden.

Belt

BELT, noun [Saxon belt; Swedish b\?\lt; Danish boelte; Latin balteus. Qu. Irish balt, a welt. Class Bl.]

1. A girdle; a band, usually of leather, in which a sword or other weapon is hung.

2. A narrow passage, or strait between the isle of Zealand and that of Funen at the entrance of the Baltic, usually called the Great Belt. The Lesser Belt is the passage between the isle of Funen, and the coast of Jutland.

3. A bandage or band used by surgeons for various purposes.

4. In astronomy, certain girdles or rings, which surround the planet Jupiter, are called belts.

5. A disease among sheep, cured by cutting off the tail, laying the sore bare, then casting mold on it, and applying tar and geose-grease.

Encyc.

Belt

BELT, verb transitive To encircle.

Warton.

Beluga

BELU'GA, noun [Russian signifying white fish.]

A fish of the cetaceous order, and genus Delphinus, from 12 to 18 feet in length. The tail is divided into two lobes, lying horizontally, and there is no dorsal fin. In swimming, this fish bends its tail under its body like a lobster, and thrusts itself along with the rapidity of an arrow. This fish is found in the arctic seas and rivers, and is caught for its oil and its skin.

Pennant.

Belvidere

BEL'VIDERE, noun [Latin bellus, fine, and video, to see.]

1. A plant, a species of chenopodium, goosefoot or wild orach, called scoparia or annual mock cypress. It is of a beautiful pyramidical form, and much esteemed in China, as a salad, and for other uses.

Encyc.

2. In Italian architecture, a pavilion on the top of an edifice; an artificial eminence in a garden.

Encyc.

Belye

BELYE. [See Belie.]

Bema

BE'MA, noun [Greek.] A chancel. [Not in use.]

Beaumont.

2. In ancient Greece, a stage or kind of pulpit, on which speakers stood when addressing an assembly.

Mitford.

Bemad

BEMAD', verb transitive [be and mad.] To make mad. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Bemangle

BEMAN'GLE, verb transitive [be and mangle.] To mangle; to tear asunder. [Little used.]

Beaumont.

Bemask

BEM`ASK, verb transitive [be and mask.] To mask; to conceal.

Shelton.

Bemaze

BEMA'ZE, verb transitive To bewilder. [See Maze.] [Little used.]

Cowper.

Bemete

BEME'TE, verb transitive [be and mete.] To measure. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Bemingle

BEMIN'GLE, verb transitive [be and mingle.] To mingle; to mix. [Little used]

Bemire

BEMI'RE, verb transitive [be and mire.] To drag or incumber in the mire; to soil by passing through mud or dirty places.

Swift.

Bemist

BEMIST', verb transitive [be and mist.] To cover or involve in mist. [Not used.]

Felton.

Bemoan

BEMOAN, verb transitive [be and moan.] To lament; to bewail; to express sorrow for; as, to bemoan the loss of a son.

Jeremiah.

Bemoanable

BEMOANABLE, adjective That may be lamented. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Bemoaned

BEMOANED, participle passive Lamented; bewailed.

Bemoaner

BEMOANER, noun One who laments.

Bemoaning

BEMOANING, participle of the present tense Lamenting; bewailing.

Bemock

BEMOCK', verb transitive [be and mock.] To treat with mockery. [Little used.]

Shak.

Bemock

BEMOCK', verb intransitive To laugh at.

Bemoil

BEMOIL', verb transitive [be and moil. French mouiller, to wet.]

To bedraggle; to bemire; to soil or incumber with mire and dirt. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Bemol

BEMOL, noun In music, a half note.

Bacon.

Bemonster

BEMON'STER, verb transitive [be and monster.] To make monstrous. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Bemourn

BEMOURN, verb transitive To weep or mourn over. [Little used.]

Bemused

BEMU'SED, adjective [be and muse.] Overcome with musing; dreaming; a word of contempt.

Johnson. Pope.

Ben

BEN or BEN'-NUT, noun A purgative fruit or nut, the largest of which resembles a filbert, yielding an oil used in pharmacy.

Encyc.

Bench

BENCH, noun [Irish binse; Cornish benk; Saxon benc; French banc. See Bank.]

1. A long seat, usually of board or plank, differing from a stool in its greater length.

2. The seat where judges sit in court; the seat of justice. Hence,

3. The persons who sit as judges; the court.

Shak. Dryden.

Free bench, in England, the estate in copyhold lands, which the wife, being espoused a virgin, has for her dower, after the decease of her husband. This is various in different manors, according to their respective customs.

King's Bench, in England, a court in which the king formerly sat in person, and which accompanied his household. The court consists of the Lord Chief Justice, and three other justices, who have jurisdiction over all matters of a criminal or public nature. It has a crown side and a plea side; the former determining criminal, the latter, civil causes.

Blackstone.

Bench

BENCH, verb transitive To furnish with benches.

Dryden.

2. To seat on a bench.

Shak.

3. verb intransitive To sit on a seat of justice.

Shak.

Bencher

BENCH'ER, noun In England, the benchers in the inns of court, are the senior members of the society who have the government of it. They have been readers, and being admitted to plead within the bar, are called inner barristers. They annually elect a treasurer.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. The alderman of a corporation.

Ashmole.

3. A judge.

Shak.

Bend

BEND, verb transitive pret. bended or bent: pp. bended or bent. [Saxon bendan, to bend; French bander, to bend, bind or tie; German binden, to wind, bind or tie; Dutch binden, the same; Swedish banda, to bind; Danish binder, to bind; Latin pando, pandare, to bend in; pando, pandere, to open; pandus, bent, crooked; Italian banda, sidewise; benda, a fillet or band; bendare, to crown; Spanish pandear, to bend or be inclined, to bulge out, to belly; pandeo, a bulge or protuberance; pando, jutting out. The primary sense is, to stretch or strain. Bend and bind are radically the same word.]

1. To strain, or to crook by straining; as, to bend a bow.

2. To crook; to make crooked; to curve; to inflect; as, to bend the arm.

3. To direct to a certain point; as, to bend our steps or course to a particular place.

4. To exert; to apply closely; to exercise laboriously; to intend or stretch; as, to bend the mind to study.

5. To prepare or put in order for use; to stretch or strain.

He heth bent his bow and made it ready. Psalm 7.

6. To incline; to be determined; that is, to stretch towards, or cause to tend; as, to be bent on mischief.

It expresses disposition or purpose.

7. To subdue; to cause to yield; to make submissive; as, to bend a man to our will.

8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope to another or to an anchor; to fasten, as a sail to its yard or stay; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor.

Mar. Dict.

9. To bend the brow, is to knit the brow; to scowl; to frown.

Camden.

Bend

BEND, verb intransitive To be crooked; to crook, or be curving.

Sandys.

2. To incline; to lean or turn; as, a road bends to the west.

3. To jut over; as a bending cliff.

4. To resolve, or determine. [See Bent on.]

Dryden.

5. To bow or be submissive. Isaiah 60.

Bend

BEND, noun A curve; a crook; a turn in a road or river; flexure; incurvation.

2. In marine language, that part of a rope which is fastened to another or to an anchor. [See To bend. No. 8.]

3. Bends of a ship, are the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They are reckoned from the water, first, second or third bend. They have the beams, knees, and foot hooks bolted to them, and are the chief strength of the ship's sides.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

4. In heraldry, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a third part of the field, when charged, and a fifth, when plain. It is made by two lines drawn across from the dexter chief, to the sinister base point. It sometimes is indented, ingrailed, &c.

Johnson. Encyc.

Bend

BEND, noun A band. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Bendable

BEND'ABLE, adjective That may be bent or incurvated.

Sherwood.

Bended

BEND'ED, or BENT, participle passive Strained; incurvated: made crooked; inclined; subdued.

Bender

BEND'ER, noun The person who bends, or makes crooked; also, an instrument for bending other things.

Bending

BEND'ING, participle of the present tense Incurvating; forming into a curve; stooping; subduing; turning as a road or river; inclining; leaning; applying closely, as the mind; fastening.

Bendlet

BEND'LET, noun In heraldry, a little bend, which occupies a sixth part of a shield.

Bailey.

Bend-With

BEND'-WITH, noun A plant.

Dict.

Bendy

BEND'Y, noun In heraldry, the field divided into four, six or more parts, diagonally, and varying in metal and color.

Encyc. Ash.

Bene

BENE, n. ben'y. The popular name of the sesamum orientale, called in the West Indies vangloe, an African plant.

Mease.

Beneaped

BENE'APED, adjective [be and neap.] Among seamen, a ship is beneaped, when the water does not flow high enough to float her from a dock or over a bar.

Encyc.

Beneath

BENE'ATH, preposition [Saxon beneath, beneothan, benythan; of be and neothan, below, under. See Nether.]

1. Under; lower in place, with something directly over or on, as to place a cushion beneath one; often with the sense of pressure or oppression, as to sink beneath a burden, in a literal sense.

2. Under, in a figurative sense; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes, or oppressive government.

Our country sinks beneath the yoke.

Shak.

3. Lower in rank, dignity or excellence; as, brutes are beneath man; man is beneath angels, in the scale of beings.

4. Unworthy of; unbecoming; not equal to; as, he will do nothing beneath his station or character.

Beneath

BENE'ATH, adverb In a lower place; as, the earth from beneath will be barren.

Mortimer.

2. Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region; as, in heaven above, or in earth beneath.

Benedict

BEN'EDICT, adjective [Latin benedictus.] Having mild and salubrious qualities. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Benedictine

BENEDIC'TINE, adjective Pertaining to the order or monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.

Benedictines

BENEDICTINES, noun An order of monks, who profess to follow the rules of St. Benedict; an order of great celebrity. They wear a loose black gown, with large wide sleeves, and a cowl on the head, ending in a point. In the canon law, they are called black friars.

Benediction

BENEDIC'TION, noun [Latin benedictio, from bene, well, and dictio, speaking. See Boon and Diction.]

1. The act of blessing; a giving praise to God or rendering thanks for his favors; a blessing pronounced; hence grace before and after meals.

2. Blessing, prayer, or kind wishes, uttered in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness; thanks; expression of gratitude.

3. The advantage conferred by blessing.

Bacon.

4. The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop.

Ayliffe.

5. The external ceremony performed by a priest in the office of matrimony is called the nuptial benediction.

Encyc.

6. In the Romish Church, an ecclesiastical ceremony by which a thing is rendered sacred or venerable.

Encyc.

Benefaction

BENEFAC'TION, noun [Latin benefacio, of bene, well, and facio, to make or do.]

1. The act of conferring a benefit.

More generally,

2. A benefit conferred, especially a charitable donation.

Atterbury.

Benefactor

BENEFAC'TOR, noun He who confers a benefit, especially one who makes charitable contributions either for public institutions or for private use.

Benefactress

BENEFAC'TRESS, noun A female who confers a benefit.

Delany.

Benefice

BEN'EFICE, noun [Latin beneficium; French benefice. See Benefaction.]

1. Literally, a benefit, advantage or kindness. But in present usage, an ecclesiastical living; a church endowed with a revenue, for the maintenance of divine service, or the revenue itself. All church preferments are called benefices, except bishoprics, which are called dignities. But ordinarily, the term dignity is applied to bishoprics, deaneries, arch-deaconries, and prebendaries; and benefice, to parsonages, vicarages, and donatives.

Encyc.

2. In the middle ages, benefice was used for a fee, or an estate in lands, granted at first for life only, and held ex mero beneficio of the donor. The estate afterwards becoming hereditary, took the appellation of feud, and benefice became appropriated to church livings.

Encyc.

Beneficed

BEN'EFICED, adjective Possessed of a benefice or church preferment.

Ayliffe.

Beneficeless

BEN'EFICELESS, adjective Having no benefice. [Not used.]

Sheldon.

Beneficence

BENEF'ICENCE, noun [Latin beneficentia, from the participle of benefacio.]

The practice of doing good; active goodness, kindness, or charity.

Beneficent

BENEF'ICENT, adjective Doing good; performing acts of kindness and charity. It differs from benign, as the act from the disposition; beneficence being benignity or kindness exerted in action.

Johnson.

Beneficently

BENEF'ICENTLY, adverb In a beneficent manner.

Beneficial

BENEFI'CIAL, adjective Advantageous; conferring benefits; useful; profitable; helpful; contributing to a valuable end; followed by to; as, industry is beneficial to the body, as well as to the property.

2. Receiving or entitled to have or receive advantage, use or benefit; as the beneficial owner of an estate.

Kent.

Beneficially

BENEFI'CIALLY, adverb Advantageously; profitably; helpfully.

Beneficialness

BENEFI'CIALNESS, noun Usefulness; profitableness.

Hale.

Beneficiary

BENEFI'CIARY, adjective [Latin beneficiarius. See Benefaction.]

Holding some office or valuable possession, in subordination to another; having a dependent and secondary possession.

Bacon.

Beneficiary

BENEFI'CIARY, noun One who holds a benefice. A beneficiary is not the proprietor of the revenues of his church; but he has the administration of them, without being accountable to any person. The word was used, in the middle ages, for a feudatory, or vassal.

Encyc.

2. One who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by charity.

Blackstone.

Beneficiency

BENEFI'CIENCY, noun Kindness or favor bestowed.

Brown.

Beneficient

BENEFI'CIENT, adjective Doing good.

Adam Smith.

Benefit

BEN'EFIT, noun [Primarily from Latin beneficium, or benefactum; but perhaps directly from the French bienfait, by corruption.]

1. An act of kindness; a favor conferred.

Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Psalm 103.

2. Advantage; profit; a word of extensive use, and expressing whatever contributes to promote prosperity and personal happiness, or add value to property.

Men have no right to what is not for their benefit.

Burke.

3. In law, benefit of clergy. [See Clergy.]

Benefit

BEN'EFIT, verb transitive To do good to; to advantage; to advance in health, or prosperity; applied either to persons or things; as, exercise benefits health; trade benefits a nation.

Benefit

BEN'EFIT, verb intransitive To gain advantage; to make improvement; as, he has benefited by good advice; that is, he has been benefited.

Benefited

BEN'EFITED, participle passive Profited; having received benefit.

Benefiting

BEN'EFITING, participle of the present tense Doing good to; profiting; gaining advantage.

Beneme

BENE'ME, verb transitive [Saxon be and naman.] To name. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. To promise; to give. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Benempne

BENEMP'NE, verb transitive To name. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Beneplaciture

BENEPLAC'ITURE, noun [Latin beneplacitum, bene, well, and placitum, from placeo, to please.]

Will; choice. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Benet

BENET', verb transitive [be and net.] To catch in a net; to ensnare. [Not used.]

Shak.

Benevolence

BENEV'OLENCE, noun [Latin benevolentia, of bene, well, and volo, to will or wish. See Will.]

1. The disposition to do good; good will; kindness; charitableness; the love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness.

The benevolence of God is one of his moral attributes; that attribute which delights in the happiness of intelligent beings. "God is love." 1 John 4.

2. An act of kindness; good done; charity given.

3. A species of contribution or tax illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England.

Blackstone.

Benevolent

BENEV'OLENT, adjective [Latin benevolens, of bene and volo.]

Having a disposition to do good; possessing love to manking, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; kind.

Benevolently

BENEV'OLENTLY, adverb In a kind manner; with good will.

Bengal

BENGAL', noun A thin stuff made of silk and hair, for women's apparel, so called from Bengal in the E. Indies.

Bailey. Johnson.

Bengalee

BENGALEE', noun The language or dialect spoken in Bengal.

Bengalese

BENGALE'SE, n. sing. and plu. A native or the natives of Bengal. As. Res. vii. 171.

Benight

BENI'GHT, verb transitive [be and night.] To involve in darkness; to shroud with the shades of night.

The clouds benight the sky.

Garth.

2. To overtake with night; as a benighted traveler.

3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance; to debar from intellectual light; as benighted nations, or heathen.

Benighted

BENI'GHTED, participle passive Involved in darkness, physical or moral; overtaken by the night.

Benign

BENI'GN, a. beni'ne. [Latin benignus, from the same root, as bonus, bene, ancient Latin benus, boon.]

1. Kind; of a kind disposition; gracious; favorable.

Our Creator, bounteous and benign.

Milton.

2. Generous; liberal; as a benign benefactor.

3. Favorable; having a salutary influence; as the benign aspect of the seasons.

The benign light of revelation.

Washington.

4. Wholesome; not pernicious; as a benign medicine.

Arbuthnot.

5. Favorable; not malignant; as a benign disease.

Benignant

BENIG'NANT, adjective Kind; gracious; favorable.

Benignity

BENIG'NITY, noun Goodness of disposition or heart; kindness of nature; graciousness.

2. Actual goodness; beneficence.

3. Salubrity; wholesome quality; or that which tends to promote health.

Wiseman.

Benignly

BENI'GNLY, adv. beni'nely. Favorably; kindly; graciously.

Benison

BEN'ISON, n. s as z. [French benir, to bless; benissant, blessing; from the root of bene, bonus, boon. See Boon.]

Blessing; benediction. [Nearly antiquated.]

Johnson.

Benjamin

BEN'JAMIN, noun A tree, the Laurus Benzoin, a native of America, called also spicebush. It grows to the height of 15 or 20 feet, with a very branchy head.

2. A gum or resin, or rather a balsam. [See Benzoin.]

Encyc.

Bennet

BEN'NET, noun The herb bennet, or avens, known in botany by the generic term Geum.

Fam. of Plants.

Bennet Fish

BEN'NET FISH, noun A fish of two feet in length, caught in the African seas, having scales of a deep purple, streaked with gold.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bent

BENT, participle passive of bend. Incurvated; inflected; inclined; prone to or having a fixed propensity; determined.

Bent on, having a fixed inclination; resolved or determined on.

Bent

BENT, noun The state of being curving, crooked, or inclined from a straight line; flexure; curvity.

2. Declivity; as the bent of a hill. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

2. Inclination; disposition; a leaning or bias of mind; propensity; as the bent of the mind or will; the bent of a people towards an object. This may be natural or artificial, occasional or habitual, with indefinite degrees of strength.

4. Flexion; tendency; particular direction; as the bents and turns of a subject.

Locke.

5. Application of the mind; a bending of the mind in study or investigation.

Locke.

Bent

BENT, or BENT'-GRASS, noun A kind of grass, called in botany, Agrostis, of several species.

Encyc.

Benting-Time

BENT'ING-TIME, noun The time when pigeons feed on bents, before peas are ripe.

Johnson. Dryden.

Benum

BENUM', corruptly BENUMB', verb transitive [Saxon beniman, benyman, pp. benumen, to seize, of be and niman, Saxon and Gothic, to take or seize. This root is retained in withernam. It is to be observed, that b after m, in numb, thumb, dumb, &c., is an arbitrary addition of modern writers.]

1. To make torpid; to deprive of sensation; as, a hand or foot benummed by cold.

2. To stupify; to render inactive; as, to benum the senses.

Dryden.

Benummed

BENUM'MED, participle passive Rendered torpid; deprived of sensation; stupified.

Benumming

BENUM'MING, participle of the present tense Depriving of sensation; stupifying.

Benzoate

BEN'ZOATE, noun [See Benzoin.] A salt formed by the union of the benzoic acid with any salifiable base.

Benzoic

BENZO'IC, adjective Pertaining to benzoin.

Benzoic acid, or flowers of Benzoin, is a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained from Benzoin and other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is a fine light white matter in small needles; its taste pungent and bitterish, and its odor slightly aromatic.

Thomson.

Benzoin

BENZOIN', or BEN'JAMIN, noun Gum benjamin; a concrete resinous juice flowing from the Styrax Benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, &c. It is properly a balsam, as it yields benzoic acid. It flows from incisions made in the stem or branches. It is solid and brittle, sometimes in yellowish white tears joined together by a brown substance, and sometimes of a uniform brown substance like resin. It has little taste, but its smell, especially when rubbed or heated, is extremely fragrant and agreeable. It is chiefly used in cosmetics and perfumes.

Encyc. Thomson.

Bepaint

BEPA'INT, verb transitive [be and paint.] To paint; to cover with paint. [Little used.]

Shak.

Bepale

BEPA'LE, verb transitive [be and pale.] To make pale. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Bepinch

BEPINCH', verb transitive [be and pinch.] To mark with pinches.

Bepinched

BEPINCH'ED, or BEPINCHT', participle passive Marked with pinches.

Chapman.

Bepowder

BEPOW'DER, verb transitive [be and powder.] To powder; to sprinkle or cover with powder.

Bepraise

BEPRA'ISE, verb transitive [be and praise.] To praise greatly or extravagantly.

Goldsmith.

Bepurple

BEPUR'PLE, verb transitive [be and purple.] To tinge or dye with a purple color.

Bequeath

BEQUE'ATH, verb transitive [Saxon becwoethan; be and cwethan, to say; cwid, a saying, opinion, will, testament; cythan, to testify; quoth.]

To give or leave by will; to- devise some species of property by testament; as, to bequeath an estate or a legacy.

Bequeathed

BEQUE'ATHED, participle passive Given or left by will.

Bequeathing

BEQUE'ATHING, participle of the present tense Giving or devising by testament.

Bequeathment

BEQUE'ATHMENT, noun The act of bequeathing; a bequest.

Bequest

BEQUEST', noun Something left by will; a legacy.

Berain

BERA'IN, verb transitive To rain upon. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Berate

BERA'TE, verb transitive [be and rate.] To chide vehemently; to scold.

Berattle

BERAT'TLE, verb transitive [be and rattle.] To fill with rattling sounds or noise.

Shak.

Beray

BERA'Y, verb transitive To make foul; to soil. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Berberry

BER'BERRY, noun [Latin berberis.] [See Barberry.]

Bere

BERE, noun [Saxon ber, barley.] The name of a species of barley in Scotland.

Gray.

Bereave

BERE'AVE, verb transitive pret. bereaved, bereft: pp. bereaved, bereft. [Saxon bereafian, of be and reafian, to deprive. See Rob and Reap.]

1. To deprive; to strip; to make destitute; with of before the thing taken away.

Me have ye bereaved of my children. Genesis 42.

It is sometimes used without of, and is particularly applied to express the loss of friends by death.

2. To take away from.

Shak.

Bereaved

BERE'AVED, participle passive Deprived; stripped and left destitute.

Bereavement

BERE'AVEMENT, noun Deprivation, particularly by the loss of a friend by death.

Bereaving

BERE'AVING, participle of the present tense Stripping bare; depriving.

Bereft

BEREFT', participle passive of bereave. Deprived; made destitute.

Berengarianism

BERENGA'RIANISM, noun The opinions or doctrines of Berengarius, archdeacon of St. Mary at Anjou, and of his followers, who deny the reality of the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist.

Encyc.

Berg

BERG, noun [Saxon beorg, beorh, a hill, a castle.]

A borough; a town that sends burgesses to Parliament; a castle. [See Burg.]

Obs.

Ash.

Bergamot

BERG'AMOT, noun [French bergamote; Spanish bergamota.]

1. A species of pear.

2. A species of citron, at first casually produced by an Italian, who grafted a citron on the stock of a bergamot pear tree. The fruit has a fine taste and smell, and its essential oil is in high esteem as a perume. This oil is extracted from the yellow rind of the fruit. Hence,

3. An essence or perfume from the citron thus produced.

4. A species of snuff perfumed with bergamot.

5. A coarse tapestry, manufactured with flocks of wool, silk, cotton, hemp and ox or goat's hair, said to have been invented at Bergamo in Italy.

Encyc.

Bergander

BERG'ANDER, noun [berg, a cliff, and Danish and, German ente, Saxon ened, a duck.]

A burrow duck; a duck that breeds in holes under cliffs.

Thomson.

Bergeret

BER'GERET, noun [French berger, a shepherd.] A song. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Bergmanite

BERG'MANITE, noun [from Bergman, the mineralogist.]

A mineral classed with scapolite, in the family of felspath. It occurs massive, with gray and red quartz in Norway. Its colors are greenish and grayish white.

Cyc.

Bergmaster

BERG'MASTER, noun [Saxon beorg, a hill or castle, and master.]

The bailiff or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners.

Johnson.

Bergmote

BERG'MOTE, noun [Saxon beorg, a hill, and mote, a meeting.]

A court held on a hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies between the miners.

Blount. Johnson.

Berhyme

BERHY'ME, verb transitive [be and rhyme.] To mention in rhyme or verse; used in contempt.

Shak.

Berlin

BER'LIN, noun A vehicle of the chariot kind, supposed to have this name from Berlin, the chief city of Prussia, where it was first made, or from the Italian berlina, a sort of stage or pillory, and a coach.

Encyc.

Berluccio

BERLUC'CIO, noun A small bird, somewhat like the yellow hammer, but less and more slender.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Berme

BERME, noun In fortification, a space of ground of three, four or five feet in width, left between the rampart and the moat or foss, designed to receive the ruins of the rampart, and prevent the earth from filling the foss. Sometimes, it is palisaded, and in Holland, it is generally planted with quick-set hedge.

Encyc.

Bernacle

BER'NACLE, [See Barnacle.]

Bernardine

BER'NARDINE, adjective Pertaining to St. Bernard, and the monks of the order.

Bernardins

BER'NARDINS, noun An order of monks, founded by Robert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St. Bernard. The order originated about the beginning of the 12th century. They wear a white robe, with a black scapulary; and when they officiate, they are clothed with a large white gown, with great sleeves, and a hood of the same color.

Encyc.

Berob

BEROB', verb transitive [be and rob.] To rob. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Beroe

BER'OE, noun A marine animal of an oval or spherical form, nearly an inch in diameter, and divided into longitudinal ribs, like a melon.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Berried

BER'RIED, adjective Furnished with berries.

Berry

BER'RY, noun [Saxon beria, a grape or cluster of grapes; berga, a grape stone, a berry.]

1. A succulent or pulpy fruit, containing naked seeds. Or in more technical language, a succulent pulpy pericarp, or seed vessel, without valves, containing several seeds, which are naked, that is, which have no covering but the pulp and rind. It is commonly round or oval. This botanical definition includes the orange and other like fruits. But in popular language, berry extends only to the smaller fruits, as strawberry, gooseberry, &c., containing seeds or granules.

2. A mound. [for barrow.]

Welsh Browne.

Berry

BER'RY, verb intransitive To bear or produce berries.

Berry-Bearing

BER'RY-BEARING, adjective Producing berries.

Bert

BERT. Saxon beorht, berht; bright. This word enters into the name of many Saxon princes and noblemen; as Egbert, Sigbert. The Bertha of the northern nations was by the Greeks called Eudoxia, an equivalent word. Of the same sort were Phoedrus, Epiphanius, Photius, Lampridius, Fulgentius, Illustris. Camden. [See Bright.]

Berth

BERTH, noun [from the root of bear.]

1. A station in which a ship rides at anchor, comprehending the space in which she ranges. In more familiar usage, the word signifies any situation or place, where a vessel lies or can lie, whether at anchor or at a wharf.

2. A room or apartment in a ship, where a number of officers or men mess and reside.

3. The box or place for sleeping at the sides of a cabin; the place for a hammoc, or a repository for chests, &c.

To berth, in seamen's language, is to allot to each man a place for his hammoc.

Bertram

BER'TRAM, noun [Latin pyrethrum, said to be from, fire, from its acrid quality.]

Bastard pellitory, a plant.

Beryl

BER'YL, noun [Latin beryllus; Greek; Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic a gem. beryl, and in Syriac crystal, and a pearl; the latter word being a different orthography of beryl; probably from the root of the French briller, to shine, brilliant, Ethiopic bareah, to shine.]

A mineral, considered by Cleaveland as a subspecies of Emerald. Its prevailing color is green of various shades, but always pale. Its crystals are usually longer and larger than those of the precious emerald, and its structure more distinctly foliated. It is harder than the apatite, with which it has been confounded; harder and less heavy than the pycnite. The best beryls are found in Brazil, in Siberia and Ceylon, and in Dauria, on the frontiers of China. They are found in many parts of the United States.

Silliman. Cleaveland.

Beryl-Crystal

BER'YL-CRYSTAL, noun A species of imperfect crystal, of a very pure, clear, and equal texture. It is always of the figure of a long and slender column, irregularly hexangular, and tapering at the top. Its color is a pale brown, of a fine transparency.

Encyc.

Berylline

BER'YLLINE, adjective Like a beryl; of a light or bluish greÃƒ-¨n.

Besaint

BESA'INT, verb transitive [be and saint.] To make a saint. [Not in use.]

Besayle

BESA'YLE, noun [Norm. ayle; French aÃƒ-¯eul, a grandfather.] A great grandfather.

If the abatement happened on the death of one's grandfather or grandmother, a writ of ayle lieth; if on the death of the great grandfather, then a writ of besayle; but if it mounts one degree higher, to the tresayle, or grandfather's grandfather, &c., the writ is called a writ of cosinage, or de consanguineo.

Blackstone.

Bescatter

BESCAT'TER, verb transitive [be and scatter.] To scatter over. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Bescorn

BESCORN', verb transitive [be and scorn.] To treat with scorn; to mock at. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Bescratch

BESCRATCH', verb transitive [be and scratch.] To scratch; to tear with the nails. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Bescrawl

BESCRAWL', verb transitive [be and scrawl.] To scrawl; to scribble over.

Milton.

Bescreen

BESCREE'N, verb transitive [be and screen.] To cover with a screen; to shelter; to conceal.

Shak.

Bescreened

BESCREE'NED, participle passive Covered; sheltered; concealed.

Bescribble

BESCRIB'BLE, verb transitive To scribble over.

Milton.

Bescumber

BESCUM'BER, verb transitive [from cumber.] To encumber. [Not legitimate nor used.]

B. Jonson.

Besee

BESEE', verb intransitive [be and see.] To look; to mind. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Beseech

BESEE'CH, verb transitive pret. and pp. besought. [Saxon be and secan, to seek, enquire, follow; Dutch verzoeken; Ger ersuchen; from seek, sequor, to follow, with be, by, near, about; that is, to follow close, to press. See Seek and Essay. The Saxon has gesecan.]

To entreat; to supplicate; to implore; to ask or pray with urgency; followed by a person; as, "I Paul beseech you by the meekness of Christ," 2 Corinthians 10.; or by a thing; as, I beseech your patience.

Beseecher

BESEE'CHER, noun One who beseeches.

Beseeching

BESEE'CHING, participle of the present tense Entreating.

Beseek

BESEE'K, verb transitive To beseech. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Beseem

BESEE'M, verb transitive [be and seem.] To become; to be fit for, or worthy of; to be decent for.

What form of speech or behavior beseemeth us, in our prayers to God?

Hooker.

Beseeming

BESEE'MING, participle of the present tense or adjective Becoming; fit; worthy of.

Beseeming

BESEE'MING, noun Comeliness.

Barret.

Beseemly

BESEE'MLY, adjective Becoming; fit; suitable.

Beseen

BESEE'N, adjective Adapted; adjusted. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Beset

BESET', verb transitive pret. and pp. beset. [Saxon besettan, to place, of be and settan, to set; Dutch bezetten; German besetzen. See Set.]

1. To surround; to inclose; to hem in; to besiege; as, we are beset with enemies; a city is beset with troops. Hence,

2. To press on all sides, so as to perplex; to entangle, so as to render escape difficult or impossible.

Adam sore beset replied.

Milton.

3. To waylay.

Shak.

4. To fall upon.

Spenser.

Besetting

BESET'TING, participle of the present tense Surrounding; besieging; waylaying.

Besetting

BESET'TING, adjective Habitually attending, or pressing; as a besetting sin.

Beshine

BESHI'NE, verb transitive To shine upon. [Not used.]

Beshrew

BESHREW', verb transitive [be and shrew.] To wish a curse to; to execrate.

Dryden.

2. To happen ill to. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Beshut

BESHUT', verb transitive To shut up. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Beside

BESI'DE, preposition [be and side, by the side.]

1. At the side of a person or thing; near; as, sit down beside me, or beside the stream.

2. Over and above; distinct from.

Beside all this, between us and you, there is a great gulf fixed. Luke 16.

3. On one side; out of the regular course or order; not according to, but not contrary.

It is beside my present business to enlarge upon this speculation.

Locke.

4. Out of; in a state deviating from; as, to put one beside his patience. Hence,

5. With the reciprocal pronoun, beside one's self is out of the wits or senses; out of the order of reason, or of rational beings.

Paul, thou art beside thyself. Acts 26.

Besides

BESI'DES, preposition Over and above; separate or distinct from.

And there was a famine in the land, besides the first famine. Genesis 26.

Note. This word, though radically the same as beside, and a corruption of it, ought not to be confounded with it, for it is never used in the senses explained under beside, except in the second.

Beside

BESI'DE, or BESI'DES, adverb Moreover; more than that; over and above; distinct from; not included in the number, or in what has been mentioned.

Besides, you know not what is the fate of your friend.

The men said to Lot, hast thou here any besides? Genesis 19.

To all beside, as much an empty shade,

An Eugene living, as a Cesar dead.

Pope.

These sentences may be considered as elliptical.

Besidery

BESID'ERY, noun A species of pear.

Johnson.

Besiege

BESIE'GE, verb transitive [be and siege; French siege, and assieger, to besiege. See Siege.]

1. To lay siege to; to beleaguer; to beset, or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender, either by famine or by violent attacks; as, to besiege a castle or city.

2. To beset; to throng round.

Besieged

BESIE'GED, participle passive Surrounded or beset with hostile troops.

Besieger

BESIE'GER, noun One who lays siege, or is employed in a siege.

Besieging

BESIE'GING, participle of the present tense Laying siege; surrounding with armed forces.

Besieging

BESIE'GING, adjective Surrounding in a hostile manner; employed in a siege; as a besieging army.

Besit

BESIT', verb transitive [be and sit.] To suit; to become. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Beslave

BESLA'VE, verb transitive To subjugate; to enslave. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Beslime

BESLI'ME, verb transitive To daub with slime; to soil. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Beslubber

BESLUB'BER, verb transitive [be and slubber, slabber.] To soil or smear with spittle, or any thing running from the mouth or nose. [Vulgar.]

Besmear

BESME'AR, verb transitive [be and smear.] To bedaub; to overspread with any viscous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that adheres. Hence, to foul; to soil.

Besmeared

BESME'ARED, participle passive Bedaubed; overspread with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive; soiled.

Besmearer

BESME'ARER, noun One that besmears.

Besmearing

BESME'ARING, participle of the present tense Bedaubing; soiling.

Besmirch

BESMIRCH', verb transitive [be and smirch.] To soil; to foul; to discolor. [Little used.]

Shak.

Besmoke

BESMO'KE, verb transitive [be and smoke.] To foul with smoke; to harden or dry in smoke. [Little used.]

Besmoked

BESMO'KED, participle passive Fouled or soiled with smoke; dried in smoke.

Besmut

BESMUT', verb transitive [be and smut.] To blacken with smut; to foul with soot.

Besmutted

BESMUT'TED, participle passive Blackened with smut or soot.

Besnowed

BESNOWED, verb transitive [be and snow. Saxon besniwed, participle.] To scatter like snow. [Little used.]

Gower.

Besnowed

BESNOWED, adjective or participle passive [be and snow.] Covered or sprinkled with snow, or with white blossoms.

Hanbury.

Besnuff

BESNUFF', verb transitive To befoul with snuff.

Besnuffed

BESNUFF'ED, participle passive Foul with snuff.

Young.

Besom

BE'SOM, n. s as z. [Saxon besm, a brush or broom; besman, twigs. Orosius, 2. 3. German besen; Dutch bezem; Armoric bezo, birch. The besom was a little bundle of twigs used for sweeping.]

A broom; a brush of twigs for sweeping.

I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the Lord of Hosts. Isaiah 14.

Besom

BE'SOM, verb transitive To sweep, as with a besom.

Rolls back all Greece, and besoms wide the plain.

Barlow.

Besort

BESORT', verb transitive [be and sort.] To suit; to fit; to become.

Shak.

Besort

BESORT', noun Company; attendance; train. Obs.

Shak.

Besot

BESOT', v.t. [be and sot.] To make sottish; to infatuate; to stupify; to make dull or senseless.

Milton.

2. To make to dote.

Shak.

Besotted

BESOT'TED, participle passive Made sottish or stupid.

Besotted on, infatuated with foolish affection.

Dryden.

Besottedly

BESOT'TEDLY, adverb In a foolish manner.

Milton.

Besottedness

BESOT'TEDNESS, noun Stupidity; arrant folly; infatuation.

Milton.

Besotting

BESOT'TING, participle of the present tense Infatuating; making sottish or foolish.

Besought

BESOUGHT', besaut'. pp. of beseech. Entreated; implored; sought by entreaty.

Bespangle

BESPAN'GLE, verb transitive [be and spangle.] To adorn with spangles; to dot or sprinkle with something brilliant; as, the heavens bespangled with stars.

Bespangled

BESPAN'GLED, participle passive Adorned with spangles or something shining.

Bespangling

BESPAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Adorning with spangles or glittering objects.

Bespatter

BESPAT'TER, verb transitive [be and spatter.] To soil by spattering; to sprinkle with water, or with dirt and water.

2. To asperse with calumny or reproach.

Swift.

Bespattered

BESPAT'TERED, participle passive Spattered over; soiled with dirt and water; aspersed; calumniated.

Bespattering

BESPAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Spattering with water; soiling with dirt and water; aspersing.

Bespawl

BESPAWL', verb transitive [be and spawl.] To soil or make foul with spittle.

Milton.

Bespeak

BESPE'AK, verb transitive pret. bespoke; pp. bespoke, bespoken. [be and speak.]

1. To speak for beforehand; to order or engage against a future time; as, to bespeak a seat in a public coach.

My lady is bespoke.

Shak.

2. To forebode; to foretell.

They started fears, and bespoke dangers, to scare the allies.

Swift.

3. To speak to; to address. This sense is mostly poetical.

He thus the queen bespoke.

Dryden.

4. To betoken; to show; to indicate by external marks or appearances; as, his manners bespeak him a gentleman.

Bespeaker

BESPE'AKER, noun One who bespeaks.

Bespeaking

BESPE'AKING, participle of the present tense Speaking for or ordering beforehand; foreboding; addressing; showing; indicating.

Bespeaking

BESPE'AKING, noun A previous speaking or discourse, by way of apology, or to engage favor.

Dryden.

Bespeckle

BESPECK'LE, verb transitive [be and speckle.] To mark with speckles or spots.

Milton.

Bespice

BESPI'CE, verb transitive [be and spice.] To season with spices.

Shak.

Bespirt

BESPIRT', or BESPURT', verb transitive To spurt out, or over; to throw out in a stream or streams. [Not used.]

Milton.

Bespit

BESPIT', verb transitive pret. bespit; pp. bespit, bespitten. [be and spit.] To daub or soil with spittle.

Johnson.

Bespoke

BESPO'KE, preterit tense and participle passive of bespeak.

Bespot

BESPOT', verb transitive [be and spot.] To mark with spots.

Mortimer.

Bespotted

BESPOT'TED, participle passive Marked with spots.

Bespotting

BESPOT'TING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with spots.

Bespread

BESPREAD', v. t. bespred'. pret. and pp. bespread. [be and spread.] To spread over; to cover over; as, to bespread with flowers.

Besprinkle

BESPRINK'LE, verb transitive [be and sprinkle.] To sprinkle over; to scatter over; as, to besprinkle with dust.

Besprinkled

BESPRINK'LED, participle passive Sprinkled over.

Besprinkler

BESPRINK'LER, noun One that sprinkles over.

Besprinkling

BESPRINK'LING, participle of the present tense Sprinkling over.

Best

BEST, adjective superlative. [Saxon best, contracted from betest, from bet, more, or better; betre is also used; betan, to amend, or restore, correct, heal; bote, reparation, compensation; boot, to boot; Gothic botyan, to profit, aid, assist; but; German bass, good, besser, better, beste, best; Dutch beter, best; Danish beste; Swedish b\?\st. This word has no connection in origin with good. See Better.]

Literally, most advanced. Hence,

1. Most good; having good qualities in the highest degree; applied indifferently to physical or moral subjects; as, the best man; the best road; the best cloth; the best abilities. This, like most, and other attributes, is often used without its noun, when the noun is obvious; as, men are all sinners; the best of them fail in the performance of duty.

2. Most advanced; most accurate; as the best scholar.

3. Most correct or complete; as the best view of a landscape, or of a subject.

4. The best. This phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpreted; as, the utmost power; the strongest endeavor; the most, the highest perfection; as, let a man do his best; let him do a thing to the best of his power.

5. At best, in the best manner; in the utmost degree or extent, applicable to the case; as, life is at best very short.

To make the best of, to carry to its greatest perfection; to improve to the utmost; as, to make the best of a sum of money, or a piece of land. Also, to permit the least possible inconvenience; as, to make the best of ill fortune or a bad bargain.

The best of the way. We had made the best of our way to the city; that is, the most, the greatest part of the distance. [This is the primary sense of the word.]

Best

BEST, adverb In the highest degree; beyond all other; as, to love one best; to like this best; to please best.

2. To the most advantage; with the most ease; as, "which instrument can you best use?"

3. With most profit or success; as, money is best employed in manufactures; this medicine will answer best in the present case.

4. Most intimately or particularly; most correctly; as, what is expedient is best known to himself.

Best-Tempered

BEST-TEM'PERED, adjective Having the most kind or mild temper.

Bestain

BESTA'IN, verb transitive [be and stain.] To mark with stains; to discolor, either the whole surface of a thing, or in spots.

Shak.

Bestead

BESTEAD', v. t. bested'. pret. and pp. bested. [be and stead.] To profit.

How little you bestead.

Milton.

2. To accommodate.

They shall pass through it, hardly bestead. Is. 8.

That is, distressed; perplexed.

3. To dispose.

Spenser.

Bestial

BES'TIAL, adjective [from beast.]

1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts.

2. Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below the dignity of reason or humanity; carnal; as a bestial appetite.

Shak.

Bestiality

BESTIAL'ITY, noun The quality of beasts; the state or manners of man which resemble those of brutes.

2. Unnatural connection with a beast.

Bestialize

BES'TIALIZE, verb transitive To make like a beast.

Bestially

BES'TIALLY, adverb Brutally; in a manner below humanity.

Bestick

BESTICK', verb transitive pret. and pp. bestuck. [be and stick.]

To stick over, as with sharp points; to mark, by infixing points or spots here and there.

Truth shall retire, bestuck with slanderous darts.

Milton.

Bestir

BESTIR', v. t. bestur'. [be and stir.] To put into brisk or vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; usually with the reciprocal pronoun; as, rise and bestir yourselves.

Bestirred

BESTIR'RED, participle passive Roused into vigorous action; quickened in action.

Bestirring

BESTIR'RING, participle of the present tense Moving briskly; putting into vigorous action.

Bestness

BEST'NESS, noun The state of being best. [Not used.]

Morton.

Bestorm

BESTORM', verb intransitive [be and storm.] To storm; to rage. [Not used.]

Young.

Bestow

BESTOW, verb transitive [be and stow, a place. See Stow. Literally, to set or place.]

1. To give; to confer; to impart; with the sense of gratuity, and followed by on or upon.

Consecrate yourselves to the Lord, that he may bestow on you a blessing. Exodus 32.

Though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor. 1 Corinthians 13:3.

This word should never be followed by to.

2. To give in marriage; to dispose of.

I could have bestowed her upon a fine gentleman.

Tatler.

3. To apply; to place for the purpose of exertion, or use; as, to bestow our whole force upon an object.

4. To lay out, or dispose of; to give in payment for; as, to bestow money for what we desire. Deuteronomy 14:26.

5. To lay up in store; to deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to place.

I have no room where to bestow my fruits. Luke 12.

Bestowal

BESTOWAL, noun A conferring; disposal. [Little used.]

Bestowed

BESTOWED, participle passive Given gratuitously; conferred; laid out; applied; deposited for safe-keeping.

Bestower

BESTOWER, noun One who bestows; a giver: a disposer.

Bestowing

BESTOWING, participle of the present tense Conferring gratuitously; laying out; applying; depositing in store.

Bestowment

BESTOWMENT, noun The act of giving gratuitously; a conferring.

God the father had committed the bestowment of the blessings purchased, to his son.

Edwards on Redemp. 372.

If we consider this bestowment of gifts in this view.

Chauncey, U. Sal. 155.

Whatever may be the secret counsel of his will respecting his own bestowment of saving grace.

Smalley, Serm. p. 37.

2. That which is conferred, or given; donation.

They strengthened his hands by their liberal bestowments on him and his family.

Christ. Mag. iii. 665.

The free and munificent bestowment of the Sovereign Judge.

Thodey.

Bestraddle

BESTRAD'DLE, verb transitive To bestride. [See Straddle.]

Bestraught

BESTRAUGHT', adjective Distracted; mad. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bestrew

BESTREW', verb transitive pret. bestrewed; pp. bestrewed, bestrown. [be and strew.] To scatter over; to besprinkle; to strow.

Milton.

Bestrewed

BESTREW'ED, participle passive of bestrew.

Bestride

BESTRI'DE, verb transitive pret. bestrid; pp. bestrid, bestridden. [be and stride.]

1. To stride over; to stand or sit with any thing between the legs, or with the legs extended across; as, to bestride the world, like a colossus; to bestride a horse.

Shak.

2. To step over; as, to bestride a threshold.

Shak.

Bestriding sometimes includes riding, or defending, as Johnson remarks; but the particular purposes of the act, which depend on the circumstances of the case, can hardly be reduced to definition.

Bestriding

BESTRI'DING, participle of the present tense Extending the legs over any thing, so as to include it between them.

Bestrown

BESTROWN, participle passive of bestrew. Sprinkled over.

Bestuck

BESTUCK', participle passive of bestick. Pierced in various places with sharp points.

Bestud

BESTUD', verb transitive [be and stud.] To set with studs; to adorn with bosses; as, to bestud with stars.

Milton.

Bestudded

BESTUD'DED, participle passive Adorned with studs.

Bestudding

BESTUD'DING, participle of the present tense Setting with studs; adorning as with bosses.

Beswike

BESWIKE, v. t. beswik'. [Saxon beswican.]

To allure. [Not used.]

Gower.

Bet

BET, noun [Saxon bad, a pledge; badian, to give or take a pledge.]

A wager; that which is laid, staked or pledged in a contest, to be won, either by the victorious party himself, or by another person, in consequence of his victory. At a race, a man lays a bet on his own horse, or on the horse of another man.

Bet

BET, verb transitive To lay a bet; to lay a wager; to stake or pledge something upon the event of a contest.

Bet

BET, the old participle of beat, is obsolete or vulgar.

Betake

BETA'KE, verb transitive pret. betook; pp. betaken. [be and take. Saxon betoecan.]

1. To take to; to have recourse to; to apply; to resort; with the reciprocal pronoun; as, to betake ourselves to arms, or to action. It generally implies a motion towards an object, as to betake ourselves to a shady grove; or an application of the mind or faculties, corresponding with such motion, as to betake ourselves to study or to vice.

2. Formerly, to take or seize. Obs.

Spenser.

Betaken

BETA'KEN, part. of betake.

Betaking

BETA'KING, participle of the present tense Having recourse to; applying; resorting.

Betaught

BETAUGHT', pret. of betake. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Beteem

BETEE'M, verb transitive [be and teem.] To bring forth; to produce; to shed; to bestow. [Not used.]

Spenser. Shak.

Betel

BE'TEL, or BE'TLE, noun A species of pepper, the leaves of which are chewed by the inhabitants of the East Indies. It is a creeping or climbing plant like the ivy, the leaves somewhat resembling those of the citron. It is planted by a tree, or supported by props. In India, betel is taken after meals; during a visit, it is offered to friends when they meet, and when they separate; in short, nothing is to be done without betel. To correct the bitterness of the leaves, a little areca is wrapped in them with the chinam, a kind of burnt lime made of shells.

Encyc.

Bethink

BETHINK', verb transitive pret. and pp. bethought. [be and think.] to call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; generally followed by a reciprocal pronoun, with of before the subject of thought.

I have bethought myself of another fault.

Shak.

Bethink

BETHINK', verb intransitive To have in recollection; to consider.

Spenser.

Bethlehem

BETH'LEHEM, noun [Hebrew the house of food or bread.]

1. A town or village in Judea, about six miles south-east of Jerusalem; famous for its being the place of Christ's nativity.

2. A hospital for lunatics; corrupted into bedlam.

Bethlemite

BETH'LEMITE, noun An inhabitant of Bethlehem; a lunatic.

2. In church history, the Bethlemites were a sort of Monks, introduced into England in the year 1257, who were habited like the Dominicans, except that they wore a star with five rays, in memory of the comet or star which appeared over Bethlehem at the nativity of our Savior. There is an order of Bethlemites also in Peru.

Encyc.

Bethought

BETHOUGHT', bethaut', preterit tense and participle passive of bethink.

Bethrall

BETHRALL', verb transitive [be and thrall.] To enslave; to reduce to bondage; to bring into subjection. [Little used.]

Shak.

Bethump

BETHUMP', verb transitive [be and thump.] To beat soundly. [Little used.]

Shak.

Betide

BETI'DE, verb transitive pret. betid, or betided; pp. betid. [be and tide. Saxon tidan, to happen. See Tide.]

To happen; to befall; to come to; used of good or evil.

What will betide the few?

Milton.

Betide

BETI'DE, verb intransitive To come to pass; to happen.

What news else betideth here?

Shak.

Shakspeare has used it with of. What would betide of thee? but this is unusual or improper.

Betime

BETI'ME, or BETI'MES, adverb [be and time, that is, by the time.]

1. Seasonably; in good season or time; before it is late.

To measure life learn thou betimes.

Milton.

2. Soon; in a short time.

He tires betimes, that spurs too fast betimes.

Shak.

Betoken

BETO'KEN, v. t. beto'kn. [be and token. Saxon betoecan.]

1. To signify by some visible object; to show by signs.

A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow Betokening peace from God.

Milton.

2. To foreshow by present signs; to indicate something future by that which is seen or known; as, a dark cloud often betokens a storm.

Thomson.

Betokened

BETO'KENED, participle passive Foreshown; previously indicated.

Betokening

BETO'KENING, participle of the present tense Indicating by previous signs.

Betony

BET'ONY, noun [Latin betonica.] A genus of plants, of several species. The purple or wood betony grows in woods and shady places, and is deemed useful as a mild corroborant.

Encyc.

Betook

BETOOK', preterit tense of betake.

Betorn

BETO'RN, adjective Torn in pieces.

Betoss

BETOSS', verb transitive [be and toss.] To toss; to agitate; to disturb; to put in violent motion.

Shak. Shelton.

Betrap

BETRAP', verb transitive [from trap.] To entrap; to ensnare. [Not used.]

Occleve.

Betray

BETRA'Y, verb transitive [Chaucer wrote betrass, betraiss, and the French traÃƒ-®tre is a contraction of traistre; Armoric trayÃƒ-§za, to betray; Norm. trahir, to draw in, to betray; treitre, a traitor; French trahir, which seems to be the Latin traho. From trahir, is formed trahissant, and trahison, treason. If traho is the root, the sense is, to draw aside, to withdraw, or lead away; which would agree with the Dutch bedriegen, German betriegen, Swedish bedraga, Danish bedrager, to deceive; and treachery, French tricherie, is from the root of trick. I do not find betrogan in the Saxon, but bedrog is rendered fefellit, and this is from dragan, to draw. Betray then seems to be a compound of be and dragan, to draw; and betrass, supra, may be from a different root. In strictness, to fail in duty; to be guilty of breach of trust; to violate the confidence reposed. The word does not in itself import to deliver up; but by usage, either with or without the word enemies, it signifies to deliver up, in breach of trust.]

1. To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; as, an officer betrayed the city.

The son of man shall be betrayed into the hands of men. Matthew 17.

2. To violate by fraud, or unfaithfulness; as, to betray a trust.

If the people of America ever betray their trust, their guilt will merit even greater punishment than other nations have suffered, and the indignation of heaven.

J. Adams.

3. To violate confidence by disclosing a secret, or that which was intrusted; to expose; followed by the person, or the thing; as, my friend betrayed me, or betrayed the secret.

4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what is intended to be kept secret, or what prudence would conceal.

Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you betray your ignorance.

Watts.

Hence,

5. To mislead or expose to inconvenience not foreseen; as, great confidence betrays a man into errors.

6. To show; to discover; to indicate what is not obvious at first view, or would otherwise be concealed.

Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay.

Addison.

This river betrays its original in its name.

Holwell.

All the names in the country betray great antiquity.

Bryant.

7. To fail, or deceive.

But when I rise, I shall find my legs betraying me.

Johnson, Boswell.

Betrayed

BETRA'YED, participle passive Delivered up in breach of trust; violated by unfaithfulness; exposed by breach of confidence; disclosed contrary to expectation or intention; made known; discovered.

Betrayer

BETRA'YER, noun One who betrays; a traitor.

Betraying

BETRA'YING, participle of the present tense Delivering up treacherously; violating confidence; disclosing contrary to intention; exposing; discovering.

Betrim

BETRIM', verb transitive [be and trim.] To deck; to dress; to adorn; to grace; to embellish; to beautify; to decorate.

Shak.

Betrimmed

BETRIM'MED, participle passive Adorned; decorated.

Betrimming

BETRIM'MING, participle of the present tense Decking; adorning; embellishing.

Betroth

BETROTH', verb transitive [be and troth, truth, faith. See Truth, and Troth.]

1. To contract to any one, in order to a future marriage; to promise or pledge one to be the future spouse of another; to affiance; used of either sex. "The father betroths his daughter."

2. To contract with one for a future spouse; to espouse; as, a man betroths a lady.

3. To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration.

Ayliffe.

Betrothed

BETROTH'ED, participle passive Contracted for future marriage.

Betrothing

BETROTH'ING, participle of the present tense Contracting to any one, in order to a future marriage, as the father or guardian; contracting with one for a future wife, as the intended husband; espousing.

Betrothment

BETROTH'MENT, noun A mutual promiso or contract between two parties, for a future marriage between the persons betrothed; espousals.

Encyc.

Betrust

BETRUST', verb transitive [be and trust.] To entrust; to commit to another in confidence of fidelity; to confide. This is less used than entrust.

Hall.

Betrusted

BETRUST'ED, participle passive Entrusted; confided; committed in trust.

Betrusting

BETRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Entrusting; committing in trust.

Betrustment

BETRUST'MENT, noun The act of entrusting; the thing entrusted.

Chipman.

Betso

BET'SO, noun The smallest Venetian coin.

Mason.

Better

BET'TER, a. comp. of bet. See Best. [Saxon bet, more, better; betere, betera, better; Swedish b\?\tter; Dutch beter; German besser; Dutch baat, profit; baaten, to boot, to avail; Sanscrit bhadra, good. The primary sense is, more, or advanced further; and in America, this is a common popular signification. This vessel contains better than half, that is, more than half; he walked better than a mile, that is, more than a mile.]

1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; applied to physical, acquired or moral qualities; as a better soil, a better man, a better physician, a better house, a better air, a better harvest.

2. More advantageous.

Were it not better for us to return to Egypt? Exodus 14.

3. More acceptable.

To obey is better than sacrifice. 1 Samuel 15.

4. More safe.

It is better to trust in the Lord, than to put confidence in man. Psalm 118.

5. Improved in health; less affected with disease; as, the patient is better.

6. To be better off, to be in a better condition. Beddoes, Hygeia. This is a very common phrase; but ought not off, to be of? It is not elegant.

7. To have the better, is to have the advantage or superiority, followed by of before him or that over which the advantage is enjoyed; as, the English had the better of the Spaniards.

8. To get or gain the better, is to obtain the advantage, superiority or victory; as, to get the better of an enemy.

9. For the better, is for the advantage or improvement.

Better

BET'TER, adverb In a more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage or success; as, to perform work better; to plan a scheme better; land better cultivated; laws better executed; government better administered.

2. More correctly, or fully; as, to understand a subject better than another.

3. With superior excellence; as, to write or speak better than another.

4. With more affection; in a higher degree; as, to love one better than another.

It is not easy to specify and exemplify the various applications of better. In general, it implies what is more excellent, advantageous, useful, or virtuous, than something else.

Better

BET'TER, verb transitive [Saxon beterian, betrian. See Better.]

1. To improve; to meliorate; to increase the good qualities of; as, manure betters land; discipline may better the morals.

2. To surpass; to exceed.

The works of nature do always aim at that which cannot be bettered.

Hooker.

Qu. is not the sense, made better?

3. To advance; to support; to give advantage to; as, to better a party; to better a cause.

Better

BET'TER, noun A superior; one who has a claim to precedence on account of his rank, age, or office; as, give place to your betters. It is generally or always used in the plural.

Bettered

BET'TERED, participle passive Improved; meliorated; made better.

Bettering

BET'TERING, participle of the present tense Making better; improving.

Bettor

BET'TOR, noun [from bet.] One who bets or lays a wager.

Addison.

Betty

BET'TY, noun [Supposed to be a cant word from the name of a maid; but qu. is it not from the root of beat or Latin peto?]

An instrument to break open doors.

Arbuthnot.

Betumbled

BETUM'BLED, adjective [be and tumble.] Rolled about; tumbled; disordered.

Shak.

Between

BETWEE'N, preposition [Saxon betweonan, betwynan; of be and twain, two, Saxon tweg, twegen. The Saxons used, in the same sense, betuh and betweoh, betwo. See Twain, Twin.]

1. In the intermediate space, without regard to distance; as, New-York is between Boston and Philadelphia; the Delaware river runs between Pennsylvania and New-Jersey.

2. From one to another; passing from one to another, noting exchange of actions or intercourse; as, things go well between the parties.

3. Belonging to two or more, in common or partnership; as, two friends have but one soul between them; twenty proprietors own a tract of land between them. We observe that between is not restricted to two.

4. Having mutual relation to two or more; as, discords exist between the families.

5. Noting difference, or discrimination of one from another; as, to distinguish between right and wrong.

Betwixt

BETWIXT', preposition [Saxon betwyx, betwyxt, betweox, betweoh; be and tweg, two.]

1. Between; in the space that separates two persons or things; as, betwixt two oaks.

2. Passing between; from one to another, noting intercourse. [See Between.]

Bevel

BEV'EL, noun [French buveau. Qu. Italian bieca livella, oblique level.]

Among masons, carpenters, joiners, &c., an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of an arch or vault. It is movable on a point or center, and so may be set to any angle. An angle that is not square is called a bevel angle, whether obtuse or acute.

Bailey. Johnson. Encyc.

2. A curve or inclination of a surface from a right line; as, the proper bevel of a piece of timber.

Encyc.

Bevel

BEV'EL, adjective Crooked; awry; oblique.

Bailey.

Bevel

BEV'EL, verb transitive To cut to a bevel angle.

Moxon.

Bevel

BEV'EL, verb intransitive To curve; to incline towards a point, or from a direct line.

Beveled

BEV'ELED, participle passive Formed to a bevel angle.

Kirwan.

Beveling

BEV'ELING, participle of the present tense Forming to a bevel angle.

Beveling

BEV'ELING, adjective Curving; bending from a right line.

Beveling

BEV'ELING, noun A hewing of timber with a proper and regular curve, according to a mold laid on one side of its surface.

2. The curve or bevel of timber.

Encyc.

Bevelment

BEV'ELMENT, noun In mineralogy, bevelment supposes the removal of two contiguous segments from the edges, angles or terminal faces of the predominant form, thereby producing two new faces, inclined to each other at a certain angle and forming an edge.

Cleaveland.

Bever

BEV'ER, noun [Italian bevere, to drink.] A collation or small repast between meals. [Not used.]

Morison.

Bever

BEV'ER, verb intransitive To take a small repast between meals.

Wallis.

Beverage

BEV'ERAGE, noun [Italian bevere, or bere, to drink; beveraggio, drink; Spanish beber, from Latin bibo; French buveur, a tipler; buvette, a tavern; buvotter, to sip, to tipple; Armoric beuvrauh, beverage.]

Drink; liquor for drinking. It is generally used of a mixed liquor. Nectar is called the beverage of the gods.

In the middle ages, beverage, beveragium, or biberagium was money for drink given to an artificer or other person over and above his hire or wages. The practice has existed, to a certain extent, in America, within my memory, and I know not but it still exists in some parts of this country. A person who had a new garment, was called on to pay beverage, that is, to treat with liquor. Hence,

2. A treat on wearing a new suit of clothes, or on receiving a suit from the tailor; also a treat on first coming into prison; a garnish.

3. In England, water-cider, a mixture of cider and water, made by putting water into pumice before it is pressed.

Mortimer. Johnson.

Bevile

BEV'ILE, noun [See Bevel.] In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a carpenter's bevel.

Encyc.

Bevy

BEV'Y, noun [I know not the origin or affinities of this word. The etymologies I have seen are not worth notice.]

A flock of birds; hence, a company; an assembly or collection of persons; usually applied to females.

Bewail

BEWA'IL, verb transitive [be and wail.] To bemoan; to lament; to express sorrow for. It expresses deep sorrow; as, to bewail the loss of a child.

The true penitent bewails his ingratitude to God.

Anon.

Bewail

BEWA'IL, verb intransitive To express grief.

Shak.

Bewailable

BEWA'ILABLE, adjective That may be lamented.

Sherwood.

Bewailed

BEWA'ILED, participle passive Lamented; bemoaned.

Bewailing

BEWA'ILING, participle of the present tense Lamenting; bemoaning; expressing grief for.

Bewailing

BEWA'ILING, noun Lamentation.

Raleigh.

Bewake

BEWA'KE, verb transitive [be and wake.] To keep awake. [Not used.]

Gower.

Beware

BEWA'RE, verb intransitive [Saxon bewerian, bewarian, gewarian, to guard, defend, restrain, prohibit, fortify, be cautious; Swedish bevara; Dutch bewaaren; German bewahren; Danish bevarer, to keep, guard, preserve. See Ware, Wary.]

1. Literally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to regard with caution; to restrain one's self from any thing that may be dangerous, injurious or improper; to avoid; to take care; followed by of before the thing that is to be avoided.

Beware of all, but most beware of man.

Pope.

Beware of false prophets; beware of the leaven of the Pharisees; beware of the concision.

Scripture.

2. To have a special regard to.

Behold, I send an angel before theeÃ‚--beware of him, and obey his voice. Exodus 23.

[This is unusual and hardly legitimate.]

This word though here admitted as a verb, from the Saxon, is rarely used as a verb in fact; or if a verb, is now never used except in the imperative mode. It is a compound of be and the Old ware, now wary. Be wary of danger. Hence it cannot be used with did, like a regular verb, nor with be, in any of its inflections, he is beware; for this would be to use the substantive verb twice before ware and wary, is and be. Ben Jonson however has used the word in the third person. He bewares to act. But it has no past tense or participle, and therefore, if admitted as a verb, it is defective, and used only in the imperative mode, or after an auxiliary.

We must beware of excess.

Beweep

BEWEE'P, verb transitive [be and weep.] To weep over; to bedew with tears. [Little used.]

Shak.

Beweep

BEWEE'P, verb intransitive To make lamentation. [Little used.]

Shak.

Bewept

BEWEPT', participle passive Wept over; bedewed with tears. [Little used.]

Bewet

BEWET', verb transitive [be and wet.] To wet; to moisten. [Not used.]

Bewilder

BEWIL'DER, verb transitive [Danish forvilder, vilder; Dutch verwilderen; German verwildern; from wild.]

To lead into perplexity or confusion; to lose in pathless places; to confound for want of a plain road; to perplex with mazes; or in general, to perplex.

Lost and bewildered in the fruitless search.

Addison.

Bewildered

BEWIL'DERED, participle passive Lost in mazes; perplexed with disorder, confusion, or intricacy.

Bewildering

BEWIL'DERING, participle of the present tense Losing in a pathless place; perplexing with confusion or intricacy.

Bewinter

BEWIN'TER, verb transitive To make like winter. [Not used.]

Cowley.

Bewitch

BEWITCH', verb transitive [be and witch.] To fascinate; to gain an ascendancy over by charms or incantation; an operation which was formerly supposed to injure the person bewitched, so that he lost his flesh, or behaved in a strange unaccountable manner; ignorant people being inclined to ascribe to evil spirits what they could not account for.

Look, how I am bewitched; behold, mine arm Is like a blasted sapling withered up.

Shak.

2. To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a degree as to take away the power of resistance.

The charms of poetry our souls bewitch.

Dryden.

3. To deceive and mislead by juggling tricks or imposture. Acts 8:9.

Bewitched

BEWITCH'ED, participle passive Fascinated; charmed.

Bewitcher

BEWITCH'ER, noun One that bewitches or fascinates.

Stafford.

Bewitchery

BEWITCH'ERY, noun Fascination; charm; resistless power of any thing that pleases.

South.

Bewitchful

BEWITCH'FUL, adjective Alluring; fascinating.

Milton.

Bewitching

BEWITCH'ING, participle of the present tense Fascinating; charming.

Bewitching

BEWITCH'ING, adjective That has power to bewitch or fascinate; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing.

Bewitchingly

BEWITCH'INGLY, adverb In a fascinating manner.

Hallywell.

Bewitchment

BEWITCH'MENT, noun Fascination; power of charming.

Shak.

Bewondered

BEWON'DERED, adjective [be and wonder.] Amazed. [Not used.]

Fairfax.

Bewrap

BEWRAP', v. t. berap'. [be and wrap.] To wrap up.

Bewray

BEWRA'Y, v. t. berÃƒ-¡y. [Chaucer has wraie, wreye, wray, and in the infinitive, bewrien, to discover, as if from Saxon wrecan, to tell. In Saxon awreon, onwreon, signify to reveal, as if the negative of wrigan, to cover.]

To disclose perfidiously; to betray; to show or make visible.

Thy speech bewrayeth thee. Matthew 23.

[This word is nearly antiquated.]

Bewrayed

BEWRA'YED, participle passive Disclosed; indicated; betrayed; exposed to view.

Bewrayer

BEWRA'YER, noun A divulger of secrets; a discoverer.

Bewraying

BEWRA'YING, participle of the present tense Disclosing; making known or visible.

Bewreck

BEWRECK', v. t. bereck'. [be and wreck.] To ruin; to destroy. [Not used.]

Bewrought

BEWROUGHT', a. beraut'. [be and work.] Worked. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Bey

BEY, noun In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a town or particular district of country; also, in some places, a prince; the same as the Arabic Beg. [See Beg.]

Eton. Encyc.

Beyond

BEYOND', preposition [Saxon begeond, begeondan, of be and geond, yond, yonder. This is the participle of the verb gan, to go, to pass. It coincides with the Dutch gaande, the participle of the present tense of the same verb gaan, to go; Danish gaaende. Literally, then, it signifies by-passing, or by-past; or as we now say, past by, gone by.]

1. On the further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite distance from that side; as beyond a river, or the sea, either a mile beyond, or a hundred miles beyond the river.

2. Before; at a place not yet reached.

A thing beyond us, even before our death.

Pope.

3. Past; out of reach of; further than any given limit; further than the extent of any thing else; as, beyond our power; beyond comprehension; beyond dispute; beyond our care.

4. Above; in a degree exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a greater degree, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of any kind; as, one man is great or good beyond another.

To go beyond is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action or scheme; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any thing else; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circumvent.

Let no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter.

St. Paul.

Beyond

BEYOND', adverb At a distance; yonder.

Spenser.

Bezan

BEZ'AN, noun A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped.

Encyc.

Bezant

BEZ'ANT, noun A gold coin of Byzantium. [See Byzant.]

Bezantler

BEZANT'LER, noun [from antler.] The branch of a deer's horn, next above the brow antler.

Encyc.

Bezel

BEZ'EL, noun [Qu. Chaldee, limits, confines; Swedish betzel, a rein; betzla, to curb.]

The upper part of the collet of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone.

Bailey.

Bezoar

BE'ZOAR, noun [Pers. badzhar, which Castle interprets "ventus, i. e. dissipator veneni, alexipharmicum omne, quod venenum pellit, et spirituum facultates retinet," from wind, breath, spirit, and; poison. Others make it pazahar, against poison, an antidote for poison.]

1. An antidote; a general name for certain animal substances supposed to be efficacious in preventing the fatal effects of poison. Bezoar is a calcarious concretion found in the stomach of certan ruminant animals, composed of concentric coats surrounding each other, with a little cavity in the middle, containing a bit of wood, straw, hair, or the like substance. There are two sorts; the oriental, from Persia and the East Indies, of a shining dark green or olive color, with a smooth surface; and the occidental, from the Spanish West Indies, which has a rough surface, is less green, much heavier, more brittle, and of a looser texture. The oriental is generally less than a walnut; the occidental is larger, and sometimes as large as a goose egg.

Encyc.

The oriental bezoars are generally of a resinous composition and combustible.

Thomson.

2. In a more general sense, any substance formed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or intestines of animals.

Encyc.

This name is also given to the biliary calculi of certain animals.

Cyc.

Fossil-bezoar is a figured stone, formed, like the animal bezoar, with several coats round some extraneous body, which serves as a nucleus; found chiefly in Sicily, in sand and clay pits. It is of a purple color, and of the size of a walnut. It seems to be of the nature of bole armenian, and is called Sicilian earth.

Encyc.

Bezoar-mineral. This preparation is an oxyd of antimony, produced by distilling the nitrous acid several times to dryness from the sublimated muriate of antimony.

Nicholson.

Bezoardic

BEZOAR'DIC, adjective Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar.

Bezoardic

BEZOAR'DIC, noun A medicine compounded with bezoar.

Johnson.

Bezola

BEZ'OLA, noun A fish of the truttaceous kind, of a dusky blue color, nearly of the size of of a herring.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bezzle

BEZ'ZLE, verb transitive To waste in riot. [Not used. [See Embezzle.]

Milton.

Bhuchampac

BHUCHAMP'AC, noun [Hindu, bhu, ground, and champac, a plant.]

A beautiful plant of India, known in Linne's system, under the name of Koempferia rotunda. The blossoms rise from the ground with a short scape, and scarce live a whole day.

As. Res. iii. 254.

Bia

BI'A, noun In commerce, a small shell called a cowry, much valued in the East Indies.

Encyc.

Biangulate

BIAN'GULATE, or BIAN'GULATED, or BIAN'GULOUS, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and angulus, an angle.]

Having two angles or corners. [Little used.]

Biarmian

BIARM'IAN, adjective Noting a race of Finns in Perme, in the north of Europe, on the Dvina, and about the White Sea; written also Permian. The Biarmians or Permians are said to be the most wealthy and powerful of the Finnish tribes.

Tooke.

Bias

BI'AS, noun [Armoric bihays or vies; French biais, a slope; biaiser, to use shifts, evasions or tricks.]

1. A weight on the side of a bowl which turns it from a straight line.

2. A leaning of the mind; inclination; prepossession; propensity towards an object, not leaving the mind indifferent; as, education gives a bias to the mind.

3. That which causes the mind to lean or incline from a state of indifference, to a particular object or course.

Bias

BI'AS, verb transitive To incline to one side; to warp; to give a particular direction to the mind; to prejudice; to prepossess. The judgment is often biassed by interest.

This word is used by Shakspeare as an adverb, bias and thwart, i. e. aslope; and as an adjective.

Blow till thy bias cheek

Outswell the cholic of puft Aquilon.

Bias-Drawing

BI'AS-DRAWING, noun Partiality. [Not used.]

Shak.

Biased

BI'ASED, participle passive Inclined from a right line; warped; prejudiced.

Biasing

BI'ASING, participle of the present tense Giving a bias, particular direction or propensity; warping; prejudicing.

Bib

BIB, noun A small piece of linen or other cloth worn by children over the breast.

2. A fish about a foot in length, the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly white.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bib

BIB, verb transitive [Latin bibo; Spanish beber; Italian bevere; Gypsey, piava, to drink; Slav. pibo, piba, drink.]

To sip; to tipple; to drink frequently. [Little used.]

Locke.

Bibacious

BIBA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin bibax. See Bib.] Addicted to drinking; disposed to imbibe.

Bibacity

BIBAC'ITY, noun The quality of drinking much. [Not used.]

Bibber

BIB'BER, noun A tippler; a man given to drinking; chiefly used in composition, as winebibber.

Bibble-Babble

BIB'BLE-BABBLE, noun Idle talk; prating to no purpose. [A low word, and not used.]

Shak.

Bibio

BIB'IO, noun A name of the wine fly, a small insect found in empty wine casks.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bible

BI'BLE, noun [Greek, a book.]

THE BOOK, by way of eminence; the sacred volume, in which are contained the revelations of God, the principles of Christian faith, and the rules of practice. It consists of two parts, called the Old and New Testaments.

The Bible should be the standard of language as well as of faith.

Anon.

Bibler

BIB'LER, noun [See Bib.] A tipler; a great drinker.

Biblical

BIB'LICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Bible, or to the sacred writings; as biblical criticism.

Bibliographer

BIBLIOG'RAPHER, noun [Greek, a book, and, to write.]

One who composes or compiles the history of books; one skilled in literary history; a transcriber.

Bailey. Johnson. Ash.

Bibliographic

BIBLIOGRAPH'IC, or BIBLIOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the history of books.

Kett.

Bibliography

BIBLIOG'RAPHY, noun A history or description of books; the perusal of books, and manuscripts, with notices of the different editions, the times when they were printed, and other information tending to illustrate the history of literature.

Encyc. Pinkerton.

Bibliolite

BIB'LIOLITE, noun [Greek, a book, and, a stone; called also phytobiblia and lithobiblia.]

Bookstone; a species of shistous stones, mostly calcarious, which present, between their lamens, the figures of leaves, or sometimes simple dendrites.

Bibliomancy

BIBLIOM'ANCY, noun [Greek, a book, and, divination.]

A kind of divination, performed by means of the bible; consisting in selecting passages of scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning things future.

Encyc. Southey.

Bibliomania

BIBLIOMA'NIA, noun [Greek, book, and, madness.]

Book-madness; a rage for possessing rare and curious books.

Bibliomaniac

BIBLIOMA'NIAC, noun One who has a rage for books.

Bibliopolist

BIBLIOP'OLIST, noun [Greek, book, and, to seel.] A bookseller.

Bibliothecal

BIBLIOTH'ECAL, adjective [Latin bibliotheca, a library; and theca, a repository.]

Belonging to a library.

Bibliothecry

BIBLIOTH'ECRY, noun A librarian.

Hall.

Bibliotheke

BIBLIOTHE'KE, noun A library.

Bale.

Biblist

BIB'LIST, noun [from bible.] With the Romanists, one who makes the scriptures the sole rule of faith.

Encyc.

2. One who is conversant with the bible.

Ash.

Bibracteate

BIBRAC'TEATE, adjective Doubly bracteate.

Eaton.

Bibulous

BIB'ULOUS, adjective [Latin bibulus, from bibo, to drink.]

Spungy; that has the quality of imbibing fluids or moisture.

Thomson.

Bicapsular

BICAP'SULAR, adjective [Latin bis, double, and capsula, a little chest, from capsa, a chest. See Capsular.]

In botany, having two capsules containing seeds, to each flower; as a bicapsular pericarp.

Martyn.

Bicarbonate

BIC`ARBONATE, noun Supercarbonate; a carbonate containing two primes of carbonic acid.

Ure.

Bicauda

BICAU'DA, noun A fish of the sword-fish kind, about five feet in length; its back and sides of a brown color, and its belly white.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bice

BICE or BISE, noun Among painters, a blue color prepared from the lapis armenus, Armenian stone.

Encyc.

Bice is smalt reduced to a fine powder by levigation.

Cyc.

Bicipital

BICIP'ITAL, or BICIP'ITOUS, adjective [Latin biceps, of bis, twice, and capul, head.]

Having two heads. Applied to the muscles, it signifies having two heads or origins; and any such muscle is denominated biceps.

Bicker

BICK'ER, v.i. [Welsh bicra, to fight, to bicker; Scot. bicker, to fight by throwing stones, to move quickly, to skirmish; allied perhaps to Italian picchiare, to beat; picchiarsi, to fight; picchiere, a soldier armed with a pike; picchio, a blow or stroke, a woodpecker; beccare, to peck. This verb is from the root of beak, peck, pike, and primarily signifies to beat, to strike, to thrust at, or to make at by repeated thrusts or blows.]

1. To skirmish; to fight off and on; that is, to make repeated attacks. [But in this sense I believe rarely used.]

2. To quarrel; to contend in words; to scold; to contend in petulant altercation. [This is the usual signification.]

3. To move quickly; to quiver; to be tremulous, like flame or water; as the bickering flame; the bickering stream.

Milton. Thomson.

Bickerer

BICK'ERER, noun One who bickers, or engages in a petty quarrel.

Bickering

BICK'ERING, participle of the present tense Quarreling; contending; quivering.

Bickerment

BICK'ERMENT, noun Contention. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Bickern

BICK'ERN, noun [of Welsh pig, a beak, or beak and iron.]

An iron ending in a beak or point.

Bicorn

BI'CORN, noun [Latin bis, twice, and cornu, a horn, bicornis.]

A plant whose anthers have the appearance of two horns.

Milne.

Bicorn

BI'CORN, or BICORN'OUS, adjective Having two horns.

Browne.

Bid

BID, verb transitive pret. bid, or bade; pp. bid, bidden. [Saxon biddan; Gothic bidyan, to ask, request or pray; Saxon beodan, to command; bead, one who persuades or exhorts; Swedish bidia, to ask or entreat; Dutch bieden, to offer, or bid; gebieden, to command; German bieten, to offer; gebieten, entbieten, to command; Danish beder, to pray, or desire; byder, to command, to bid, to offer, to invite; Latin peto, to drive at, to attack, to ask, to desire, to beseech, anciently beto; Irish impidhim, to beseech; Spanish Portugese pedir, to ask or beg; Sanscrit badi, padi, petir, botti, a commander; Chaldee, to pray or beseech; Ethiopic fato, or fatho, to desire. The primary sense is, to press forward, to drive, to urge; hence, Latin impetus. Applied to the voice, it denotes utterance, a driving of sounds, which is applied to asking, prayer, and command. Class Bd.]

1. To ask; to request; to invite.

Go ye into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. Matthew 22.

This sense is antiquated, but we have the same word from the Latin, in invite, [in and bid.]

2. To command; to order or direct.

And Peter answered him and said, Lord, if it be thou, bid me come to thee on the water. Matthew 14.

3. To offer; to propose; as, to bid a price at an auction.

4. To proclaim; to make known by a public voice. Obs.

Our bans thrice bid.

Shak.

5. To pronounce or declare; as, to bid a welcome.

6. To denounce, or threaten; as, to bid defiance.

7. To wish or pray.

Neither bid him good speed. 2 John 10.

To bid beads, is to pray with beads, as the Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer.

Johnson.

Also, to charge parishioners to say a number of paternosters.

Encyc.

To bid fair, is to open or offer a good prospect; to appear fair.

Bid

BID or BID'DEN, participle passive of bid. Invited; offered; commanded.

Bid

BID, noun An offer of a price; a word much used at auctions.

Bidale

BID'ALE, noun [bid and ale.] In England, an invitation of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house, and there to contribute in charity; an ancient and still a local custom.

Encyc.

Bidder

BID'DER, noun One who offers a price.

Bidders at the auction of popularity.

Burke.

Bidding

BID'DING, participle of the present tense Inviting; offering; commanding.

Bidding

BID'DING, noun Invitation; command; order; a proclamation or notifying.

Shak.

Bide

BIDE, verb intransitive [Saxon bidan. See Abide.] To dwell; to inhabit.

Milton.

2. To remain; to continue or be permanent, in a place or state. [Nearly antiquated.]

Shak.

Bide

BIDE, v.t. To endure; to suffer. [See Abide.]

Shak.

Bidens

BI'DENS, noun A plant, bur marigold.

Muhlenberg.

Bidental

BIDENT'AL, adjective [Latin bidens, of bis, twice, and dens, a tooth.] Having two teeth.

Swift.

Bidet

BIDET', noun [French] A small horse, formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for carrying his baggage.

B. Jonson. Encyc.

Biding

BI'DING, participle of the present tense Dwelling; continuing; remaining. [See Abiding.]

Biding

BI'DING, noun Residence; habitation.

Rowe.

Bidon

BID'ON, noun A measure of liquids, of about five quarts, wine measure, used by seamen.

Encyc.

Biennial

BIEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin biennis, of bis, twice, and annus, a year.]

1. Continuing for two years; or happening, or taking place once in two years; as a biennial election.

2. In botany, continuing for two years and then perishing; as plants, whose root and leaves are formed the first year, and which produce fruit the second.

Martyn.

Biennially

BIEN'NIALLY, adverb Once in two years; at the return of two years.

Bier

BIER, noun [Saxon boer; Dutch baar; German bahre; Danish baare; Irish fier; from the same root as bear; Latin feretrum, from fero. See Bear.]

A carriage or frame of wood for conveying dead human bodies to the grave.

Bier-Balk

BIE'R-BALK, noun The church road for burials. [Not used in America.]

Homilies.

Biestings

BIE'STINGS, n. plu. [Saxon byst, or bysting; Dutch biest; German biestmilch.]

The first milk given by a cow after calving.

B. Jonson.

Bifarious

BIFA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin bifarius; bis and fero, or Teutonic, faran, to go.]

Two-fold. In botany, pointing two ways, as leaves that grow only on opposite sides of a branch.

Martyn.

Bifariously

BIFA'RIOUSLY, adverb In a bifarious manner. A stem or branch is bifariously hairy, when the hairs between any two joints come out on the front and back, and in the two adjoining internodes, on the right and left side.

Martyn.

Biferous

BIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin bifer, biferus; of bis, twice, and fero, to bear.

Bearing fruit twice a year, as plants do in warm climates.

Martyn.

Bifid

BIF'ID, or BIF'IDATE, adjective [Latin bifidus, bifidatus, of bis, twice, and findo, fidi, to split or cleave. See Divide and Wide.]

In botany, two-cleft; divided; opening with a cleft; divided by a linear sinus, with straight margins.

Martyn.

Biflorous

BIF'LOROUS, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and floreo.]

Bearing two flowers.

Martyn.

Bifold

BI'FOLD, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and fold.] Twofold; double; of two kinds, degrees. &c.

Biform

BI'FORM, adjective [Latin biformis, of bis, twice, and forma, form.]

Having two forms, bodies or shapes.

Croxall.

Biformed

BI'FORMED, adjective Compounded of two forms.

Johnson.

Biformity

BIFORM'ITY, noun A double form.

More.

Bifurcate

BI'FURCATE, or BI'FURCATED, adjective [Latin bifurcus, of bis, twice, and furca, a fork.]

Forked; divided into two branches.

Johnson.

Bifurcation

BIFURCA'TION, noun A forking, or division into two branches.

Brown.

Big

BIG, adjective [In Welsh baic is a load; beiciaw, to load, or lay on; beiciawg, pregnant; and bog is a swelling; buciaw, to bellow; Danish bug, the belly. These words seem to be allied to big, but I have not found this word in any other language.]

1. Bulky; protuberant; pregnant, applied to females. Big, in the sense of pregnant, is followed by with; as, big with child. The use of of, big of child, is not good English.

2. Great; large; in a more general sense; applied to any body or object.

3. Full; fraught, and about to have vent, or be brought forth.

The important day, big with the fate of Rome.

Addison.

4. Distended; full, as with grief or passion.

Thy heart is big, get thee apart and weep.

Shak.

5. Swelled; tumid; inflated, as with pride; hence, haughty in air or mien, or indicating haughtiness; proud; as big looks; big words; to look big.

6. Great in spirit; lofty; brave.

Have not I a heart as big as thine?

Shak.

Big

BIG, noun A kind of barley.

Bigam

BIG'AM, noun A bigamist. [Not used.]

Bp. Peacock.

Bigamist

BIG'AMIST, noun [See Bigamy.] One who has committed bigamy, or had two wives at once.

Bigamy

BIG'AMY, noun [Latin bis, twice, and Greek, to marry, marriage. In Arabic is to collect; to come together; to agree, or be in accord; to sleep together; to bind.]

The crime of having two wives at once. But the term is ordinarily used as synonymous with Polygamy, and may be more justly defined, the crime of having a plurality of wives.

Blackstone.

In the canon law, bigamy was the marrying a second wife after the death of the first, or once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and holding ecclesiastical offices.

Blackstone.

Bigbellied

BIG'BELLIED, adjective Having a great belly; advanced in pregnancy.

Bigboned

BIGBO'NED, adjective Having large bones.

Herbert.

Bigcorned

BIG'CORNED, adjective Having large grains.

Dryden.

Bigeminate

BIGEM'INATE, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and geminus, double.]

Twin-forked; used of a decompound leaf having a forked petiole, with several leaf-lets, at the end of each division.

Martyn.

Biggel

BIG'GEL, noun A quadruped of the East Indies, somewhat like a rane or rein-deer, but its head resembles that of a horse. It has two horns, cloven feet and a mane like an ass.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Biggin

BIG'GIN, noun [French beguin; Spanish beca, a tippet, or cap.]

1. A child's cap, or something worn about the head.

2. A building. Obs. [Saxon byggan, to build.]

Shak.

Bight

BIGHT, noun [Dutch bogt, a bend, a turning, a coil, a bay; Danish bugt, a bend, a bow, a bay. It is the participle of boogen, buigen, bugan, to bend; Welsh bac, bacu. See Bow.]

1. A bend, or small bay between two points of land.

2. The double part of a rope when folded, in distinction from the end; that is, a round, bend or coil any where except at the ends.

Mar. Dict.

3. The inward bent of a horse's chambrel, and the bent of the fore knees.

Bailey.

Bigly

BIG'LY, adverb [from big.] In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner; haughtily.

Bignamed

BIG'NAMED, adjective Having a great or famous name.

Crashaw.

Bigness

BIG'NESS, noun Bulk; size; largeness; dimensions. It is used of any object, animate or inanimate, and with or without comparison. Thus we speak of the bigness of a tree, of a rock, of a house, without instituting a comparison with other objects of the kind. Yet in this case there is always some reference in the mind to known measure. We also say, one thing is as big as another; in which case we give the idea of unknown size, by a known object. Big and bigness always imply expansion, more or less, in breadth, and are thus distinguished from tall and tallness.

Bigot

BIG'OT, noun [French bigot, and cagot, a bigot or hypocrite; Armoric bigod. In Italian, bacchettone is a hypocrite. In Spanish, bigote is a whisker; hombre de bigote, a man of spirit; tener bigotes, to be firm or undaunted.

If the French cagot is connected with bigot, the first syllable in both is a prefix. But I am not able to ascertain the real origin and primary sense of the word. The etymologies I have seen are not satisfactory.]

1. A person who is obstinately and unreasonably wedded to a particular religious creed, opinion, practice or ritual. The word is sometimes used in an enlarged sense, for a person who is illiberally attached to any opinion, or system of belief; as a bigot to the Mohammedan religion; a bigot to a form of government.

2. A Venetian liquid measure containing the fourth part of the amphor, or half the boot.

Encyc.

Bigot

BIG'OT, or BIG'OTED, adjective Obstinately and blindly attached to some creed, opinion, practice or ritual; unreasonably devoted to a system or party, and illiberal towards the opinions of others.

Bigotedly

BIG'OTEDLY, adverb In the manner of a bigot; pertinaciously.

Bigotry

BIG'OTRY, noun Obstinate or blind attachment to a particular creed, or to certain tenets; unreasonable zeal or warmth in favor of a party, sect or opinion; excessive prejudice.

2. The practice or tenet of a bigot.

Pope.

Bigsounding

BIG'SOUNDING, adjective Having a pompous sound.

Hall.

Bigswoln

BIG'SWOLN, adjective [big and swoln. See Swell.]

Swelled to a large size; turgid; greatly swelled; ready to burst.

Addison.

Big-Uddered

BIG-UDDERED, adjective [big and udder.]

Having large udders, or udders swelled with milk.

Pope.

Bihydroguret

BIHYDROG'URET, noun A double hydroguret, or with two atoms of hydrogen.

Thomson.

Bijugous

BIJU'GOUS, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and jugum, a yoke, a pair.]

Having two pairs of leaflets; used of pinnated leaves.

Martyn.

Bilabiate

BILA'BIATE, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and labium, a lip.]

Having two lips, as the corols of flowers.

Martyn.

Bilamellate

BILAM'ELLATE, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and lamella, a plate.]

Having the form of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid; used of the stigma of plants.

Martyn.

Bilander

BI'LANDER, noun [Dutch bylander; French belande, belandre; Spanish bilandra; from be, by, and land; German binnenlander.]

A small merchant vessel with two masts, distinguished from other vessels of two masts, by the form of the main-sail, which is bent to the whole length of a yard, hanging fore and aft, and inclined to the horizon in an angle of about 45 degrees; the foremost lower corner, called the tack, being secured to a ring-bolt in the deck, and the aftermost or sheet, to the tafferel. Few vessels are now rigged in this manner.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

The bilander is a kind of hoy, manageable by four or five men and used chiefly in the canals of the Low Countries.

Johnson.

Bilateral

BILAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin bis and latus, side.] Having two sides.

Dict.

Bilberry

BIL'BERRY, noun [I know not the meaning of bil in this word. The Dutch word is

blaauwbes, blue-berry; the German heidelbeerc, heath-berry.]

The name of a shrub and its fruit; a species of Vaccinium or whortle-berry. The name with us is given to the taller shrub and its fruit which is of a bluish color.

Bilbo

BIL'BO, noun [from Bilboa, in Spain.]

A rapier; a sword; so named, it is said, from Bilboa in Spain, where the best are made.

Ash. Johnson.

Bilboes

BIL'BOES, n. plu. On board of ships, long bars or bolts of iron with shackles sliding on them, and a lock at the end, used to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders. Hence the punishment of offenders in this manner is called by the same name.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Bild

BILD, verb transitive pret. bilded, bilt; pp. id. [German bilden; Danish bilder; Swedish bilda.]

To construct; to erect; to set up and finish; as, to bild a house or ship; to bild a wall. [This is the true orthography; the common spelling is incorrect. See Build.]

Bildstein

BILD'STEIN, noun [German bild, shape, and stein, stone.]

Agalmatolite, or figure-stone. A massive mineral, with sometimes a slaty structure; of a color gray, brown, flesh red, sometimes spotted, or with blue veins. It fuses into a transparent glass. Brongniart calls it steatite pagodite, from its coming from China in grotesque figures.

Ure.

This mineral resembles steatite in its physical characters, but differs from it essentially in its composition. It is soft, easily cut with a knife, and reducible to a fine unctuous powder.

Cleaveland.

Bile

BILE, noun [Latin bilis; French bile.] A yellow bitter liquor, separated from the blood in the liver, collected in the pori biliarii and gall bladder, and thence discharged by the common duct into the duodenum.

Encyc.

Bile

BILE, noun An inflamed tumor. [See Boil, the correct orthography.]

Bileduct

BI'LEDUCT, noun [bile and Latin ductus, a conduit.] A vessel or canal to convey bile.

Darwin.

Bilestone

BI'LESTONE, noun [bile and stone.] A concretion of viscid. bile.

Darwin.

Bilge

BILGE, noun [A different orthography of bulge, and belly, a protuberance.]

1. The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle.

2. The breadth of a ship's bottom, or that part of her floor which approaches to a horizontal direction, on which she would rest, if aground. Hence, when this part of a ship is fractured, she is said to be bilged.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Bilge

BILGE, verb intransitive To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. The term is used also when a ship has some of her timbers struck off by a rock or an anchor, and springs a leak.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Bilged

BILG'ED, participle passive or adjective Having a fracture in the bilge. This participle is often used, as if the verb were transitive; and perhaps it is sometimes so used.

Bilge-Pump

BILGE-PUMP, noun A burr-pump; a pump to draw the bilge-water from a ship.

Bilge-Water

BILGE-WATER, noun Water which enters a ship, and lies upon her bilge or bottom.

Biliary

BIL'IARY, adjective [from Latin bilis.] Belonging to the bile; conveying the bile; as a biliary duct.

Bilingsgate

BIL'INGSGATE, noun [from a place of this name in London frequented by low people who use foul language.]

Foul language; ribaldry.

Pope.

Bilinguous

BILIN'GUOUS, adjective [Latin bis, and lingua, tongue.]

Having two tongues, or speaking two languages.

Bilious

BIL'IOUS, adjective [Latin biliosus, from bilis, the bile.]

Pertaining to bile; consisting or partaking of bile; caused by a redundancy, or bad state of the bile; as a bilious fever.

Biliteral

BILIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and litera, letter.]

Consisting of two letters; as a biliteral root in language.

Sir Welsh Jones.

Bilk

BILK, verb transitive [Gothic bilaikan, to mock or deride. This Gothic word appears to be compound, bi and laikan, to leap or exult.]

To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by non-fulfilment of engagement; as, to bilk a creditor.

Dryden.

Bilked

BILK'ED, participle passive Disappointed; deceived; defrauded.

Bilking

BILK'ING, participle of the present tense Frustrating; defrauding.

Bill

BILL, noun [Saxon bile, a beak, that is, a shoot.]

1. The beak of a fowl.

2. An instrument used by plumbers, basket-makers and gardeners, made in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a handle. When short, it is called a hand-bill; when long, a hedge-bill. It is used for pruning trees, &c.

Bill

BILL, noun [Saxon bil; German beil, an ax or hatchet; Dutch byl; Danish bile; Welsh bwyell; Pers. bil, a mattock, or pick-ax, and a shovel.]

A pick-ax, or mattock; a battle-ax; an ax or hatchet with a crooked point.

Bill

BILL, noun [Norm. bille, a label or note; French billet, bil; Armoric bilked; Spanish billete; Italian biglietto, bulletta, bollettino. The primary sense probably is a roll or folded paper, Spanish boleta, a billet, a ticket, and a paper of tobacco, coinciding with bola, a ball; or it is from cutting off, and signifies a piece.]

1. In law, a declaration in writing, expressing some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law. It contains the fact complained of, the damage sustained, and a petition or process against the defendant for redress. It is used both in civil and criminal cases.

In Scots law, every summary application in writing, by way of petition to the court of session, is called a bill.

Encyc.

2. In law and in commerce, in England, an obligation or security given for money under the hand, and sometimes the seal of the debtor, without a condition or forfeiture for non-payment. In the latter circumstance, it differs from a bond. In the United States, this species of security is usually called a note, a note of hand, or a promissory note.

3. A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not enacted. In some cases,

statutes are called bills; but usually they are qualified by some description, as a bill of attainder.

4. A paper written or printed, and posted in some public place, advertising the proposed sale of goods, or particular things; an advertisement posted.

5. An account of goods sold or delivered, services rendered or work done, with the price or value annexed to each article.

6. Any written paper, containing a statement of particulars; as a bill of charges or expenditures; a physician's bill of prescriptions; a bill of fare or provisions, &c.

7. A bill of exchange is an order drawn on a person, in a distant place, requesting or directing him to pay money to some person assigned by the drawer, or to his order, in consideration of the same sum received by the drawer. Bills of exchange are either foreign or inland; foreign, when drawn by a person in one country upon one residing in another; inland, when both the drawer and drawee reside in the same country. The person who draws the bill is called the drawer; the person on whom the request or demand is made, is called the drawee; and the person to whom the money is directed to be paid, is called the payee.

8. A bill of entry is a written account of goods entered at the custom house, whether imported or intended for exportation.

9. A bill of lading is a written account of goods shipped by any person, on board of a vessel, signed by the master of the vessel, who acknowledges the receipt of the goods, and promises to deliver them safe at the place directed, dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for the master to sign two, three or four copies of the bill; one of which he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and one is sent to the consignee of the goods.

10. A bill of parcels is an account given by the seller to the buyer, of the several articles purchased, with the price of each.

11. A bill of sale is when a person borrows money and delivers goods to the lender as security, and at the same time, gives him a bill, empowering him to sell the goods, if the money is not repaid at the appointed time with interest.

Encyc.

In the United States, a bill of sale is a writing given by the seller of personal property, to the purchaser, answering to a deed of real estate, but without seal.

12. A bill of mortality is an account of the number of deaths in a place, in a given time. In these bills it is not unusual to insert registers of births and christenings, as in London.

13. Bank-bill. [See Bank.]

14. A bill of rights is a summary of rights and privileges, claimed by a people. Such was the declaration presented by the lords and commons of England to the prince and princess of Orange in 1688. In America, a bill or declaration of rights is prefixed to most of the constitutions of the several states.

15. A bill of divorce, in the Jewish law, was a writing given by the husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was dissolved.

16. [See Indictment.]

Bill

BILL, verb intransitive [from bill, a beak.] To join bills, as doves; to caress in fondness.

Dryden.

Bill

BILL, verb transitive [from bill, a writing.] To advertise by a bill or public notice; a cant word.

L'Estrange.

Billard

BILL'ARD, noun A bastard or imperfect capon; also a fish of the cod kind.

Ash.

Billet

BILL'ET, noun [dim. of bill; French billet; Italian bulletta.]

A small paper or note in writing, used for various purposes; sometimes it is a short letter, addressed to some person; sometimes a ticket directing soldiers at what house to lodge.

In heraldry, billet is a bearing in the form of a long square.

Encyc.

Billet-doux, bil'le-doo. [French] A love billet.

Billet

BILL'ET, noun [French billot.] A small stick of wood.

Billet

BILL'ET, verb transitive [from billet, a ticket.] To direct a soldier by a ticket or note where to lodge; hence, to quarter, or place in lodgings, as soldiers in private houses.

Billeting

BILL'ETING, participle of the present tense Quartering, as soldiers in private houses.

Billiard

BILL'IARD, a. bil'yard. Pertaining to the game of billiards.

Billiards

BILL'IARDS, n. plu. bil'yards. [French billard, a mace or billiard-table; Italian bigliardo; Spanish villar. According to the ancient orthography, balyard, this word is composed of ball and yard, a ball-stick.]

A game played on a rectangular table, covered with a green cloth, with small ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into hazardnets or pockets at the sides and corners of the tables, by impelling one ball against another, with maces, or cues, according to certain rules of the game.

Billion

BILL'ION, n. bil'yun. [bis and million.]

A million of millions; as many millions as there are units in a million.

Billow

BIL'LOW, noun [Danish bÃƒ-¶lge, Swedish b\?\lja, a swell, or rolling swell, allied to bilge, bulge.]

A great wave or surge of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind. It can hardly be applied to the waves of a river, unless in poetry, or when the river is very large.

Billow

BIL'LOW, verb intransitive To swell; to rise and roll in large waves, or surges.

Prior.

Billow-Beaten

BIL'LOW-BEATEN, adjective Tossed by billows.

Billowing

BIL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Swelled into large waves or surges.

Billowy

BIL'LOWY, adjective Swelling, or swelled into large waves; wavy; full of billows, or surges.

Bilobed

BILO'BED, or BILO'BATE, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and Greek. See Lobe.] Divided into two lobes; as a bilobate leaf.

Martyn.

Bilocular

BILOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and loculus, from locus, a place.]

Divided into two cells, or containing two cells internally; as a bilocular pericarp.

Martyn.

Bilva

BIL'VA, noun The Hindu name of a plant, the Crataeva Marmelos of Linne.

As. Res. iii. 256.

Bimanous

BIMA'NOUS, adjective [bis and manus.] Having two hands. Man is bimanous.

Lawrence.

Bimedial

BIME'DIAL, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and medial.]

In mathematics, if two medial lines, A B and

B C, commensurable only in power, and containing a rational rectangle, are compounded, the whole line A C will be irrational, and is called a first bimedial line.

Encyc.

2. Belonging to a quantity arising from a particular combination of two other quantities.

Ash.

Bin

BIN, noun [Saxon binn, or binne.] A wooden box or chest used as a repository of corn or other commodities.

Binacle

BIN'ACLE, noun [Formerly bittacle, supposed to be a corruption of French habitacle; but more probably, boite d'aiguille, needle box.]

A wooden case or box in which the compass and lights are kept on board a ship. It is sometimes divided into three apartments, with sliding shutters; the two sides contain each a compass, and the middle division, a lamp or candle.

Binary

BI'NARY, adjective [Latin binus, two and two.]

Binary arithmetic, the invention of Leibnitz, is that in which two figures only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cypher multiplying every thing by two, as in common arithmetic by 10. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four; 101 is five; 110 is six; 111, is seven; 1000 is eight; 1001 is nine; 1010 is ten. It is said this species of arithmetic has been used by the Chinese for 4000 years, being left in enigma by Fohi.

Encyc.

Binary measure, in music, is that used in common time, in which the time of rising in beating, is equal to the time of falling.

Encyc.

Binary number is that which is composed of two units.

Encyc.

Binary

BI'NARY, noun The constitution of two.

Fotherby.

Binate

BI'NATE, adjective [Latin binus. See Binary.] Being double or in couples; growing in pairs. A binate leaf has a simple petiole, connecting two leaflets on the top; a species of digitate leaf.

Martyn.

Bind

BIND, verb transitive pret. bound; pp. bound, and obs. bounden. [Saxon bindan, gebindan, pret. band, bund, or bunden; Gothic bindan, gabindan; Dutch binden, verbinden; German the same; Swedish binda, forbinda; Danish binder, to bind, and bind, a band; also baand, a band; Hindu, bandna; Gypsey, bandopen; Pers. bandan, and bandidan, to bind; the former signifies also, to apply, to bend the mind; and the latter, to shut, close, make fast. The sense is, to strain.]

1. To tie together, or confine with a cord, or any thing that is flexible; to fasten as with a band, fillet or ligature.

2. To gird, inwrap or involve; to confine by a wrapper, cover or bandage; sometimes with up; as, to bind up a wound.

3. To confine or restrain, as with a chain, fetters or cord; as, bind him hand and foot.

4. To restrain in any manner.

He bindeth the floods from overflowing. Job 28.

5. To oblige by a promise, vow, stipulation, covenant, law, duty or any other moral tie; to engage.

If a man shall swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond. Numbers 30.

We are bound by the laws of kindness, of nature, of a state, &c.

6. To confirm or ratify.

Whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth, shall be bound in heaven. Matthew 16.

7. To distress, trouble, or confine by infirmity.

Whom Satan hath bound these eighteen years. Luke 13.

8. To constrain by a powerful influence or persuasion.

I go bound in the spirit to Jerusalem. Acts 20.

9. To restrain the natural discharges of the bowels; to make costive; as, certain kinds of food bind the body or bowels.

10. To form a border; to fasten with a band, ribin, or any thing that strengthens the edges; as, to bind a garment or carpet.

11. To cover with leather or any thing firm; to sew together and cover; as, to bind a book.

12. To cover or secure by a band; as, to bind a wheel with tire.

13. To oblige to serve, by contract; as, to bind an apprentice; often with out; as, to bind out a servant.

14. To make hard or firm; as, certain substances bind the earth.

The uses of this word are too various and numerous to be reduced to exact definitions.

To bind to is to contract; as, to bind one's self to a wife.

To bind over is to oblige by bond to appear at a court.

Bind

BIND, verb intransitive To contract; to grow hard or stiff; as, clay binds by heat.

Mortimer.

2. To grow or become costive.

3. To be obligatory.

Bind

BIND, noun A stalk of hops, so called from its winding round a pole or tree, or being bound to it.

2. A bind of eels, is a quantity consisting of 10 strikes, each containing 25 eels, or 250 in the whole.

Encyc.

3. Among miners, indurated clay, when much mixed with the oxyd of iron.

Kirwan.

Binder

BI'NDER, noun A person who binds; one whose occupation is to bind books; also, one who binds sheaves.

2. Any thing that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or band.

Bindery

BI'NDERY, noun A place where books are bound.

Binding

BI'NDING, participle of the present tense Fastening with a band; confining; restraining; covering or wrapping; obliging by a promise or other moral tie; making costive; contracting; making hard or stiff.

Binding

BI'NDING, adjective That obliges; obligatory; as the binding force of a moral duty or of a command.

Binding

BI'NDING, noun The act of fastening with a band or obliging; a bandage; the cover of a book, with the sewing and accompanying work; any thing that binds; something that secures the edge of cloth.

2. In the art of defense, a method of securing or crossing the adversary's sword with a pressure, accompanied with a spring of the wrist.

Encyc.

Binding-joists, in architecture, are the joists of a floor into which the trimmers of staircases, cases, or well holes of the stairs and chimney ways, are framed.

Encyc.

Bind-Weed

BI'ND-WEED, noun A genus of plants, called Convolvulus, comprehending many species, as the white, the blue, the Syrian bind-weed, &c. The black briony or Tamus is called black bind-weed; and the Smilax is called rough bind-weed.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Bing

BING, noun In alum works, a heap of alum thrown together in order to drain.

Encyc.

Binocle

BIN'OCLE, noun [binus, double, and oculus, an eye.]

A dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once.

Harris.

Binocular

BINOCULAR, adjective [See Binocle.] Having two eyes; also, having two apertures or tubes, so joined that one may use both eyes at once in viewing a distant object; as a binocular telescope.

Encyc.

Binomial

BINO'MIAL, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and nomen, name.]

In algebra, a root consisting of two members connected by the sign plus or minus; as a + b, or 7Ã‚--3.

Encyc.

Binominous

BINOM'INOUS, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and nomen, name.]

Having two names.

Johnson.

Binotonous

BINOT'ONOUS, adjective [bis and note.] Consisting of two notes; as a binotonous cry.

Montague.

Biographer

BIOG'RAPHER, noun [See Biography.] One who writes an account or history of the life and actions of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch.

Biographic

BIOGRAPH'IC, or BIOGRAPH'ICCAL, adjective Pertaining to biography, or the history of the life of a person; containing biography.

Biography

BIOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, life, and, to write.]

The history of the life and character of a particular person.

Biotina

BIOTINA, noun [from Biot, a French naturalist.]

A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral, whose primitive form is that of an obtuse rhomboid.

Journ. of Science.

Biparous

BIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and pario, to bear.]

Bringing forth two at a birth.

Bipartible

BIPART'IBLE, or BIP'ARTILE, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and partio, to divide.] That may be divided into two parts.

Martyn.

Bipartient

BIPAR'TIENT, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and partio, partiens, to divide.] Dividing into two parts.

Ash.

Bipartite

BIP'ARTITE, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and partitus, divided.]

1. Having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing, one for each party.

2. In botany, divided into two parts to the base, as a leaf.

Martyn.

Bipartition

BIPARTI'TION, noun The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts.

Johnson.

Biped

BI'PED, noun [Latin bipes, of bis, twice, and pes, pedis, a foot.]

An animal having two feet, as man.

Bipedal

BIP'EDAL, adjective Having two feet, or the length of two feet.

Bipennate

BIPEN'NATE, adjective [Latin bis, and penna, a wing or feather.] Having two wings.

2. In botany, having pinnate leaves on each side of the petiole, as a leaf or frond.

Martyn.

Bipetalous

BIPET'ALOUS, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and Greek, a leaf.]

Consisting of two flower leaves; having two petals.

Bipinnatifid

BIPIN'NATIFID, or BIPEN'NATIFID, adjective [Latin bis, twice, pinna, a wing or feather, and findo, to divide.]

Doubly-pinnatifid; having pinnatifid leaves on each side of the petiole.

Martyn.

Biquadrate

BIQUAD'RATE, noun [Latin bis, twice, and quadratus, squared.]

In mathematics, the fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a square number or quantity by itself. Thus 4X4=16, which is the square of 4, and 16X16=256, the biquadrate of that number.

Biquadratic

BIQUADRAT'IC, noun The same as biquadrate.

Encyc.

Biquadratic

BIQUADRAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the biquadratic or fourth power.

Biquadratic equation, in algebra, is an equation raised to the fourth power, or where the unknown quantity of one of the terms has four dimensions.

Biquadratic parabola, in geometry, is a curve line of the third order, having two infinite legs tending the same way.

Biquadratic root of a number, is the square root of the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the biquadratic root of 81.

Encyc.

Biquintile

BIQUIN'TILE, noun [Latin bis, twice, and quintus, fifth.]

An aspect of the planets, when they are distant from each other, by twice the fifth part of a great circle, that is 144 degrees or twice 72 degrees.

Biradiate

BIRA'DIATE, or BIRA'DIATED, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and radiatus, set with rays.] Having two rays; as a biradiate fin.

Encyc.

Birch

BIRCH, n. burch. [Saxon birce; Dutch berken, or berkeboom; German birke; Danish birk.]

A genus of trees, the Betula, of which there are several species; as the white or common birch, the dwarf birch, the Canada birch, of which there are several varieties, and the common black birch.

Birch of Jamaica, a species of the Pistacia or turpentine tree.

Fam. of Plants.

Birch

BIRCH, or BIRCH'EN, adjective Made of birch; consisting of birch.

Bird

BIRD, noun burd. [Saxon bird, or bridd, a chicken; from the root of bear, or Welsh bridaw, to break forth.]

1. Properly, a chicken, the young of fowls, and hence a small fowl.

2. In modern use, any fowl or flying animal.

It is remarkable that a nation should lay aside the use of the proper generic name of flying animals, fowl, Saxon fugel, Dutch vogel, the flyer, and substitute the name of the young of those animals, as the generic term. The fact is precisely what it would be to make lamb, the generic name of sheep, or colt, that of the equine genus.

Bird

BIRD, verb transitive To catch birds.

Shak.

Bird of paradise, a genus of birds, found in the Oriental isles, and in New Guinea; some of them remarkably beautiful. The beak is covered with a belt or collar of downy feathers at the base, and the feathers on the sides are very long. The largest species is two feet four inches in length. The head and back part of the neck are lemon-colored; the neck of the brightest emerald green, soft like velvet; the breast is black; the wings of a chesnut color. The back part of the body is covered with long straight narrow feathers, of a pale brown color, similar to the plumes of the ostrich. These are spread when the bird flies, for which reason he cannot keep long on the wing. From the rump proceed two long stiff shafts, feathered at the extremities.

Encyc.

Birdbolt

BIRD'BOLT, noun [bird and bolt.] An arrow, broad at the end, for shooting birds.

Shak.

Bird-Cage

BIRD'-CAGE, noun [bird and cage.] A box or case with wires, small sticks, or wicker, forming open work, for keeping birds.

Birdcall

BIRD'CALL, noun [bird and call.] A little stick, cleft at one end, in which is put a leaf of some plant for imitating the cry of birds. A laurel leaf counterfeits the voice of lapwings; a leek, that of nightingales; &c.

Encyc.

Bird-Catcher

BIRD'-CATCHER, noun [bird and catch.] One whose employment is to catch birds; a fowler.

Bird-Catching

BIRD'-CATCHING, noun [bird and catch.] The art of taking birds or wild fowls, either for food, for pleasure, or for their destruction, when pernicious to the husbandman.

Bird-Cherry

BIRD'-CHERRY, noun [bird and cherry.] A tree, a species of Prunus, called padus; there are other species called by the same name.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Birder

BIRD'ER, noun A bird-catcher.

Bird-Eye

BIRD'-EYE, or BIRD'S-EYE, adjective [bird and eye.] Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; as a bird-eye landscape.

Burke.

Birdeyed

BIRD'EYED, adjective Of quick sight.

Birding-Piece

BIRD'ING-PIECE, noun [bird and piece.] A fowling-piece.

Shak.

Bird-Like

BIRD'-LIKE, adjective Resembling a bird.

Bird-Lime

BIRD'-LIME, noun [bird and lime.] A viscous substance, usually made of the juice of holly-bark, extracted by boiling, mixed with a third-part of nut oil or thin grease, used to catch birds. For this purpose, the twigs of a bush are smeared over with this viscid substance.

Encyc.

Bird-Limed

BIRD'-LIMED, adjective Smeared with bird-lime; spread to ensnare.

Howell.

Bird-Man

BIRD'-MAN, noun [bird and man.] A fowler or bird-catcher.

Bird-Pepper

BIRD'-PEPPER, noun [bird and pepper.] A species of Capsicum or Guinea-pepper; a shrubby plant, bearing a small oval fruit, more biting than the other sorts.

Encyc.

Birdseye

BIRDS'EYE, noun [bird and eye.] A genus of plants, called also pheasant's eye, known in botany by the generic term Adonis. There are several species, some of which produce beautiful flowers.

Encyc.

Birdsfoot

BIRDS'FOOT, noun [bird and foot.] A plant, the Ornithopus, whose legumen is articulated, cylindrical, and bent in the form of a bow.

Encyc.

Birdsfoot-Trefoil

BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL, noun A genus of plants, the Lotus, of several species.

Encyc.

Birdsnest

BIRDS'NEST, noun [bird and nest.] The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young.

2. A plant, a species of Ophrys or twyblade; also a species of Orchis.

Encyc.

3. In cookery, the nest of a small swallow, of China, and the neighboring countries, delicately tasted, and mixed with soups. This nest is found in the rocks; it is of a hemispherical figure, of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resembles isinglass. In the East, these nests are esteemed a great luxury, and sell at a very high price.

Encyc.

Birdstares

BIRDSTARES and BIRDSTONGUE; names of plants.

Bird-Witted

BIRD'-WITTED, adjective Not having the faculty of attention.

Bacon.

Bireme

BI'REME, noun [Latin biremis, bis and remus, an oar.]

A vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.

Mitford.

Birgander

BIRG'ANDER, noun The name of a wild goose. Qu. Bergander.

Birhomoidal

BIRHOMOID'AL, adjective [bis and rhomboid.]

Having a surface composed of twelve rhombic faces, which, being taken six and six, and prolonged in idea, till they intercept each other, would form two different rhombs.

Cleaveland.

Birken

BIRK'EN, verb transitive [from birch, Saxon birce, byrc.] To beat with a birch or rod. Obs.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Birostrate

BIROS'TRATE, or BIROS'TRATED, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and rostrum, a beak.]

Having a double beak, or process resembling a beak.

The capsule is bilocular and birostrated.

Encyc.

Birt

BIRT, n. burt. A fish, called also turbot.

Birth

BIRTH, n. berth. [Saxon byrd, beorth; Dutch geboorte; German geburt; Irish beirthe; Latin partus, the participle of pario, to bear.]

1. The act of coming into life, or of being born. Except in poetry, it is generally applied to human beings; as the birth of a son.

2. Lineage; extraction; descent; as, Grecian birth.

Denham.

It is used of high or low extraction; but is often used by way of distinction for a descent from noble or honorable parents and ancestors; as a man of birth.

3. The condition in which a person is born.

A foe by birth to Troy.

Dryden.

4. That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable.

Milton. Addison.

5. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth.

6. In a theological sense, regeneration is called the new birth.

7. Origin; beginning; as the birth of an empire.

Birth

BIRTH, BERTH, noun A station in which a ship rides. [See Berth.]

Birthday

BIRTH'DAY, noun [birth and day.] The day in which any person is born.

2. The same day of the month, in which a person was born, in every succeeding year; often celebrated as a joyful anniversary. It sometimes has the form of an attribute; as a birth-day ode.

Birthdom

BIRTH'DOM, noun [birth and dom. See Dom and Doom.] Privilege of birth. [Not used.]

Shak.

Birthing

BIRTH'ING, noun Any thing added to raise the sides of a ship.

Ash. Bailey.

Birthnight

BIRTH'NIGHT, noun [birth and night.] The night in which a person is born; and the anniversary of that night in succeeding years.

Birthplace

BIRTH'PLACE, noun [birth and place.] The town, city or country, where a person is born; more generally, the particular town, city, or other local district.

Birthright

BIRTH'RIGHT, noun [birth and right.] Any right or privilege, to which a person is entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty under a free constitution.

Esau, for a morsel, sold his birthright. Hebrews 12.

It may be used in the sense of primogeniture, or the privilege of the first born, but is applicable to any right which results from descent.

Birth-Song

BIRTH'-SONG, noun A song sung at the birth of a person.

Birth-Strangled

BIRTH'-STRANGLED, adjective [birth and strangle.] Strangled or suffocated in being born.

Shak.

Birthwort

BIRTH'WORT, noun [birth and wort.] A genus of plants, Aristolochia, of many species. Of these are the snake root of America, and the contrayerva of Jamaica.

Encyc.

Bisa

BISA, or BIZA, noun A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a ducat; also, a weight.

Encyc.

Biscotin

BIS'COTIN, noun [French] A confection, made of flour, sugar, marmelade and eggs.

Biscuit

BIS'CUIT, n. bis'kit. [French compounded of Latin bis, twice, and cuit, baked; Italian biscotto; Spanish bizcocho.]

1. A kind of bread, formed into cakes, and baked hard for seamen.

2. A cake, variously made, for the use of private families. The name, in England, is given to a composition of flour, eggs, and sugar. With us the name is given to a composition of flour and butter, made and baked in private families. But the compositions under this denomination are very various.

3. The body of an earthern vessel, in distinction from the glazing.

Thomson.

Bisect

BISECT', verb transitive [Latin bis, twice, and seco, sectum, to cut. See Section.]

To cut or divide into two parts. In geometry, one line bisects another when it crosses it, leaving an equal part of the line on each side of the point where it is crossed.

Bisected

BISECT'ED, participle passive Divided into two equal parts.

Bisecting

BISECT'ING, participle of the present tense Dividing into two equal parts.

Bisection

BISEC'TION, noun The act of cutting into two equal parts; the division of any line or quantity into two equal parts.

Bisegment

BISEG'MENT, noun [bis and segment.] One of the parts of a line, divided into two equal parts.

Bisexous

BISEX'OUS, adjective Consisting of both sexes.

Brown.

Bishop

BISH'OP, noun [Latin episcopus; Greek, of, over, and, inspector, or visitor; to view, or inspect; whence, to visit or inspect; also, to view. This Greek and Latin word accompanied the introduction of christianity into the west and north of Europe, and has been corrupted into Saxon biscop, bisceop, Swedish and Dan biskop, Dutch bisschop, German bischof, Italian vescovo, French evÃƒ-ªque, Spanish

obispo, Portugese bispo, Welsh esgob, and Irish easgob. In Arabic and Pers. oskof. This title the Athenians gave to those whom they sent into the provinces subject to them, to inspect the state of affairs; and the Romans gave the title to those who were inspectors of provisions.]

1. An overseer; a spiritual superintendent, ruler or director; applied to Christ.

Ye were as sheep going astray, but are now returned to the shepherd and bishop of your souls. 1 Peter 2.

2. In the primitive church, a spiritual overseer; an elder or presbyter; one who had the pastoral care of a church.

The same persons are in this chapter called elders or presbyters, and overseers or bishops.

Scott, Comm. Acts 20.

Till the churches were multiplied, the bishops and presbyters were the same. Ib. Philippians 1:1.

1 Timothy 3:1. Titus ~~. 7.

Both the Greek and Latin fathers do, with one consent, declare, that bishops were called presbyters, and presbyters bishops, in apostolic times, the name being then common.

Whitby.

3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant churches, a prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual government and direction of a diocese. In Great Britain, bishops are nominated by the king, who, upon request of the dean and chapter, for leave to elect a bishop, sends a conge d'elire, or license to elect, with a letter missive, nominating the person whom he would have chosen. The election, by the chapter, must be made within twelve days, or the king has a right to appoint whom he pleases. Bishops are consecrated by an archbishop, with two assistant bishops. A bishop must be thirty years of age; and all bishops, except the bishop of Man, are peers of the realm.

Blackstone.

By the canons of the Protestant Episcopal church in the United States, no diocese or state shall proceed to the election of a bishop, unless there are at least six officiating presbyters residing therein, who shall be qualified, according to the canons, to vote for a bishop; a majority of whom at least must concur in the election. But the conventions of two or more dioceses, or states, having together nine or more such presbyters, may join in the election of a bishop. A convention is composed of the clergy, and a lay delegation, consisting of one or more members from each parish. In every state, the bishop is to be chosen according to such rules as the convention of that state shall ordain. The mode of election, in most or all of the states, is by a concurrent vote of the clergy and laity, in convention, each body voting separately. Before a bishop can be consecrated, he must receive a testimonial of approbation from the General Convention of the church; or if that is not in session, from a majority of the standing committee in the several dioceses. The mode of consecrating bishops and ordaining priests and deacons differs not essentially from the practice in England.

Bishop Brownell.

Bishop

BISH'OP, noun A cant word for a mixture of wine, oranges, and sugar.

Swift.

Bishop

BISH'OP, verb transitive To confirm; to admit solemnly into the church.

Johnson.

2. Among horse-dealers, to use arts to make an old horse look like a young one, or to give a good appearance to a bad horse.

Ash. Encyc.

Bishoplike

BISH'OPLIKE, adjective Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop.

Fulke.

Bishopric

BISH'OPRIC, noun [bishop and ric, jurisdiction.]

1. A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. In England, are twenty-four bishoprics, besides that of Sodor and Man; in Ireland, eighteen.

2. The charge of instructing and governing in spiritual concerns; office. Acts 1:20.

Bishopsweed

BISH'OPSWEED, noun [bishop and weed.]

A genus of plants, with the generic name Ammi.

Bishopswort

BISH'OPSWORT, noun A plant.

Bisk

BISK, noun [French bisque.] Soup or broth, made by boiling several sorts of flesh together.

King.

Bisket

BISK'ET, noun A biscuit. This orthography is adopted by many respectable writers.

Bismuth

BIS'MUTH, n. s as z. [German wissmuth.] A metal of a yellowish or reddish white color, and a lamellar texture. It is somewhat harder than lead, and scarcely, if at all, malleable, being so brittle as to break easily under the hammer, and it is reducible to powder. Its internal face or fracture exhibits large shining plates, variously disposed. It melts at 476Ã‚-° Fahr. and may be fused in the flame of a candle. It is often found in a native state, crystalized in rhombs or octahedrons, or in the form of dendrites, or thin lamens investing the ores of other metals, particularly cobalt.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Bismuthal

BIS'MUTHAL, adjective Consisting of bismuth, or containing it.

Cleaveland.

Bismuthic

BIS'MUTHIC, adjective Pertaining to bismuth; as bismuthic acid.

Lavoisier.

Bison

BIS'ON, noun [Latin] A quadruped of the bovine genus, usually but improperly called the buffalo. The proper buffalo is a distinct species, peculiar to the warmer climates of the Eastern Continent. The bison is a wild animal, with short, black, rounded horns, with a great interval between their bases. On the shoulders is a large hunch, consisting of a fleshy substance. The head and hunch are covered with a long undulated fleece, of a rust-color, divided into locks. In winter, the whole body is covered in this manner; but in summer, the hind part of the body is naked, and wrinkled. The tail is about a foot long, naked, except a tuft of hairs at the end. The fore parts of the body are very thick and strong; the hind parts are slender and weak. These animals inhabit the interior parts of North America, and some of the mountainous parts of Europe and Asia.

Pennant.

Pennant alledges that the bison of America is the same species of animal as the bison and aurochs of Europe, the bonasus of Aristotle, the urus of Cesar, the bos ferus or wild ox of Strabo, the bison of Pliny, and the biston of Oppian.

Cuvier has not separated the bison of America from that of Europe. He considers their identity as doubtful. The former has the legs and tail shorter, and the hairs of its head and neck longer than in the latter.

Regne Anim.

Bissextile

BISSEX'TILE, noun [Latin bissextilis, leap year, from bissextus, [bis and sextus] the sixth of the calends of March, or twenty-fourth day of February, which was reckoned twice every fourth year, by the interealation of a day. Ainsworth.]

Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is added to the month of February, on account of the excess of 6 hours, which the civil year contains, above 365 days. This excess is 11 minutes 3 seconds too much; that is, it exceeds the real year, or annual revolution of the earth. Hence at the end of every century, divisible by 4, it is necessary to retain the bissextile day, and to suppress it at the end of those centuries which are not divisible by 4.

Encyc.

Bissextile

BISSEX'TILE, adjective Pertaining to the leap year.

Bisson

BIS'SON, adjective [Saxon bisen.] Blind. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bister

BIS'TER, noun [French bistre, from bis, brown.] Among painters, the burnt oil extracted from the soot of wood; a brown pigment. To prepare it, soot [that of beach is the best] is put into water, in the proportion of two pounds to a gallon, and boiled half an hour; after standing to settle, and while hot, the clearer part of the fluid must be poured off from the sediment, and evaporated to dryness; the remainder is bister.

Encyc.

Bistort

BIS'TORT, noun [Latin bistorta, bis and tortus, twisted.]

A plant, a species of polygonum, or many-knotted or angled. In popular language, it is called snake-weed.

Bistoury

BIS'TOURY, n. bis'tury. [French bistouri, from Pistoia, a city.]

A surgical instrument for making incisions. It is either straight and fixed in a handle like a knife, or its blade turns like a lancet, or it is crooked, with the sharp edge on the inside.

Encyc.

Bisulcous

BISULC'OUS, adjective [Latin bisulcus, of bis and sulcus, a furrow.] Cloven footed, as swine or oxen.

Brown.

Bisulphuret

BISUL'PHURET, noun [bis and sulphuret.]

In chimistry, a sulphuret, with a double proportion of sulphur.

Silliman.

Bit

BIT, noun [Saxon bitol, geboete, geboetel, a bit; boetan, to bit or curb.]

The iron part of a bridle which is inserted in the mouth of a horse, and its appendages, to which the reins are fastened. It includes the bit mouth, the branches, the curb, the sevel holes, the tranchefil and cross chains. Bits are of various kinds, as the musrol, snaffle, or watering bit; the canon mouth, jointed in the middle; the canon or fast mouth, all of a piece, kneed in the middle; the scatch-mouth; the masticador, or slavering bit; &c.

Johnson. Encyc.

Bit

BIT, verb transitive To put a bridle upon a horse; to put the bit in the mouth.

Bit

BIT, preterit tense and participle passive of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth.

Bit

BIT, noun [Saxon bita, a bite or mouthful; bitan, to bite; Dutch bit; German biss.] A small piece; a mouthful, or morsel; a bite.

2. A small piece of any substance.

3. A small coin of the West Indies, a half pistareen, about ten cents, or five pence sterling.

4. The point of an auger, or other borer; the bite.

This word is used, like jot and whit, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser or better.

Bitch

BITCH, noun [Saxon bicca, bicce, bice; Danish bikke. Qu. German betze; Basque, potzoa. This word probably signifies a female, for the French biche is a hind.]

1. The female of the canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox.

2. A name of reproach for a woman.

Pope. Arbuthnot.

Bite

BITE, verb transitive pret. bit; pp. bit, bitten. [Saxon bitan; Swedish bita; Danish bider; German beissen, to bite.]

1. To break or crush with the teeth, as in eating; to pierce with the teeth, as a serpent; to seize with the teeth, as a dog.

2. To pinch or pain, as with cold; as a biting north wind; the frost bites.

3. To reproach with sarcasm; to treat with severity by words or writing; as, one poet praises, another bites.

4. To pierce, cut, or wound; as a biting faulchion.

Shak.

5. To make to smart; as, acids bite the mouth.

6. To cheat; to trick.

The rogue was bit.

Pope.

[Not elegant, but common.]

7. To enter the ground and hold fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor.

Mar. Dict.

8. To injure by angry contention.

If ye bite and devour one another. Gal. 5.

Bite

BITE, noun The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an animal, as the bite of a dog; or with the mouth, as of a fish.

2. The wound made by the teeth.

3. A morsel; as much as is taken at once by biting; a mouthful.

4. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. [A low word.]

5. A sharper; one who cheats.

Biter

BI'TER, noun One who bites; that which bites; a fish apt to take bait.

2. One who cheats or defrauds.

Biternate

BITERN'ATE, adjective [Latin bis and ternus, three.]

In botany, doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three ternate leaflets.

Martyn.

Biting

BI'TING, participle of the present tense Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the teeth; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold; reproaching with severity, or treating sarcastically; cheating.

Biting

BI'TING, adjective Sharp; severe; sarcastic.

Bitingly

BI'TINGLY, adverb In a sarcastic or jeering manner.

Bitless

BIT'LESS, adjective Not having a bit or bridle.

Fanshaw.

Bitmouth

BIT'MOUTH, noun [bit and mouth.] The bit, or that part of a bridle which is put in a horse's mouth.

Bailey. Ash. Encyc.

Bittacle

BIT'TACLE, noun [Qu. French boite d'aiguille, needle box.]

The box for the compasses and lights on board a ship. [See Binnacle.]

Bitten

BIT'TEN, participle passive of bite. bit'tn. Seized or wounded by the teeth; cheated.

Bitter

BIT'TER, adjective [Saxon biter; Swedish Dutch German and Danish bitter; from bite.]

1. Sharp, or biting to the taste; acrid; like wormwood.

2. Sharp; cruel; severe; as bitter enmity. Hebrews i.

3. Sharp, as words; reproachful; sarcastic.

4. Sharp to the feeling; piercing; painful; that makes to smart; as a bitter cold day, or a bitter blast.

5. Painful to the mind; calamitous; poignant; as a bitter fate.

6. Afflicted; distressed.

The Egyptians made their lives bitter. Exodus 1.

7. Hurtful; very sinful.

It is an evil and bitter thing. Jeremiah 2.

8. Mournful; distressing; expressive of misery; as a bitter complaint or lamentation. Job 23. Jeremiah 6, 31.

Bitter

BIT'TER, noun A substance that is bitter. [See Bitters.]

Bitter

BIT'TER, noun [See Bitts.] In marine language, a turn of the cable which is round the bitts.

Bitter-end, that part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and therefore within board, when the ship rides at anchor.

Mar. Dict.

Bitter-Gourd

BIT'TER-GOURD, noun [bitter and gourd.] A plant, a species of Cucumis, called Colocynthis, Colocynth, Coloquintada. The fruit is of the gourd kind, having a shell inclosing a bitter pulp, which is a very drastic purgative. It is brought from the Levant, and is the bitter apple of the shops.

Encyc.

Bitterish

BIT'TERISH, adjective Somewhat bitter; bitter in a moderate degree.

Goldsmith.

Bitterishness

BIT'TERISHNESS, noun The quality of being moderately bitter.

Encyc.

Bitterly

BIT'TERLY, adverb With a bitter taste.

2. In a severe manner; in a manner expressing poignant grief; as, to weep bitterly.

3. In a manner severely reproachful; sharply; severely; angrily; as, to censure bitterly.

Bittern

BIT'TERN, noun [Dutch butoor; French butor; Cornish klabitter.]

A fowl of the grallic order, the Ardea stellaris, a native of Europe. This fowl has long legs and neck, and stalks among reeds and sedge, feeding upon fish. It makes a singular noise, called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming.

Encyc.

Bittern

BIT'TERN, noun [from bitter.] In salt works, the brine remaining after the salt is concreted. This being laded off, and the salt taken out of the pan, is returned, and being again boiled, yields more salt. It is used in the preparation of Epsom salt, the sulphate of magnesia, and of Glauber's salt, the sulphate of soda.

Johnson. Encyc.

Bitterness

BIT'TERNESS, noun [from bitter.] A bitter taste; or rather a quality in things which excites a biting disagreeable sensation in the tongue.

2. In a figurative sense, extreme enmity, grudge, hatred; or rather an excessive degree or implacableness of passions and emotions; as the bitterness of anger. Ephesians 4.

3. Sharpness; severity of temper.

4. Keenness of reproach; piquancy; biting sarcasm.

5. Keen sorrow; painful affliction; vexation; deep distress of mind.

Hannah was in bitterness of soul. 1 Samuel 1. Job 7.

In the gall of bitterness, in a state of extreme impiety or enmity to God. Acts 8.

Root of bitterness, a dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy. Hebrews 12.

Bitters

BIT'TERS, noun A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots are steeped; generally a spirituous liquor, the bitter cause of intemperance, of disease, and of premature death!

Bitter-Salt

BIT'TER-SALT, noun Epsom salt.

Bitter-Spar

BIT'TER-SPAR, noun Rhombspar, a mineral that crystalizes in rhomboids. It is the crystalized variety of magnesian limestone.

Ure.

Bitter-Sweet

BIT'TER-SWEET, noun [bitter and sweet.] A species of Solanum, a slender climbing plant, whose root, when chewed, produces first a bitter, then a sweet taste.

Encyc.

Bittervetch

BIT'TERVETCH, noun [bitter and vetch.] A species of Ervum, or lentil, cultivated for fodder.

Encyc.

2. A genus of plants, known by the generic name Orobus, remarkable for their beautiful papilionaceous flowers. The tubercles of one species are in great esteem among the Highlanders of Scotland, who chew them, when dry, to give a better relish to their liquors.

Bitter-Wort

BIT'TER-WORT, noun [bitter and wort.] The plant called gentian, Gentiana, which has a remarkably bitter taste.

Bittour

BIT'TOUR or BIT'TOR, noun The bittern.

Dryden.

Bitts

BITTS, n. plu. [from the same root as bite.] A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten the cables, when she rides at anchor. There are also top-sail sheet bitts, paul-bitts, carrick-bitts, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Bitt

BITT, verb transitive To put round the bitts; as, to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to slacken it out gradually, which is called veering away.

Mar. Dict.

Bitume

BITU'ME, noun Bitumen, so written for the sake of the rhyme.

May.

Bitumen

BIT'UMEN, or BITU'MEN, noun [Latin; French bitume; Spanish betun; Italian bitume.]

This name is used to denote various inflammable substances, of a strong smell, and of different consistencies, which are found in the earth. There are several varieties, most of which evidently pass into each other, proceeding from Naphtha, the most fluid, to Petroleum, a viscid fluid, Maltha, more or less cohesive, elastic bitumen or mineral caoutchouc, and Asphalt, which is sometimes too hard to be scratched by the nail.

Nicholson. Cleaveland.

Bituminate

BITU'MINATE, verb transitive To impregnate with bitumen.

Bituminated

BITU'MINATED, adjective Impregnated with bitumen.

Bituminiferous

BITUMINIF'EROUS, adjective [bitumen and fero, to produce.]

Producing bitumen.

Kirwan.

Bituminize

BITU'MINIZE, verb transitive To form into, or impregnate with bitumen.

Lit. Mag.

Bituminous

BITU'MINOUS, adjective Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen; containing bitumen.

Milton.

Biluminous Limestone is of a lamellar structure, susceptible of polish, of a brown or black color, and when rubbed emitting an unpleasant smell. That of Dalmatia is so charged with bitumen, that it may be cut like soap.

Ure.

Bivalve

BI'VALVE, noun [Latin bis, twice, and valve, Latin valva.]

An animal having two valves, or a shell consisting of two parts which open and shut. Also a pericarp in which the seed-case opens or splits into two parts.

Encyc.

Bivalve

BI'VALVE, or BIVALV'ULAR, or BIVALV'OUS, adjective Having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster and the seed cases of certain plants.

Martyn. Coxe.

Bivaulted

BIVAULT'ED, adjective [Latin bis, twice, and vault.] Having two vaults or arches.

Barlow.

Biventral

BIVENT'RAL, adjective [Latin bis and venter, belly.] Having two bellies; as a biventral muscle.

Bailey.

Bivious

BIV'IOUS, adjective [Latin bivius; bis and via, way.] Having two ways, or leading two ways.

Brown.

Bivouac

BIVOUAC, noun [French This word is probably composed of be and the Teutonic root of wake, watch; Saxon wacian, to wake, to watch; Latin vigilo; German wache, a guard; wachen, to watch.]

The guard or watch of a whole army, as in cases of great danger of surprise or attack.

Bivouac

BIVOUAC, verb transitive To watch or be on guard, as a whole army.

[This word anglicised would be bewatch.]

Bixwort

BIX'WORT, noun A plant.

Bizantine

BIZANTINE. [See Byzantine.]

Blab

BLAB, verb transitive [Welsh llavaru, to speak; Dutch labbery, prattle; Irish clabaire, a babbler; labhraim, to speak; Chaucer, labbe, a blabber.]

1. To utter or tell in a thoughtless manner; to publish secrets or trifles without discretion. It implies, says Johnson, rather thoughtlessness than treachery, but may be used in either sense.

Dryden.

2. To tell, or utter; in a good sense.

Shak.

Blab

BLAB, verb intransitive To tattle; to tell tales.

Shak.

Blab

BLAB, noun A babbler; a telltale; one who betrays secrets, or tell things which ought to be kept secret.

Blabber

BLAB'BER, noun A tattler; a tell-tale.

Blabbing

BLAB'BING, participle of the present tense Telling indiscreetly what ought to be concealed; tattling.

Black

BLACK, adjective [Saxon blac, and bloec, black, pale, wan, livid; blacian, bloecan, to become pale, to turn white, to become black, to blacken; bloec, ink; Swedish blek, pale, wan, livid; bleck, ink; bleka, to insolate, to expose to the sun, or to bleach; also to lighten, to flash; Dutch bleek, pale; bleeken, to bleach; German bleich, pale, wan, bleak; bleichen, to bleach; Danish bloek, ink; bleeg, pale, wan, bleak, sallow; bleeger, to bleach. It is remarkable that black, bleak and bleach are all radically one word. The primary sense seems to be, pale, wan or sallow, from which has proceeded the present variety of significations.]

1. Of the color of night; destitute of light; dark.

2. Darkened by clouds; as the heavens black with clouds.

3. Sullen; having a cloudy look or countenance.

Shak.

4. Atrociously wicked; horrible; as a black deed or crime.

Dryden.

5. Dismal; mournful; calamitous.

Shak.

Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.

Black

BLACK, noun That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.

2. A negro; a person whose skin is black.

3. A black dress, or mourning; as, to be clothed in black.

Black

BLACK, verb transitive To make black; to blacken; to soil.

Boyle.

Black-Act

BLACK'-ACT, noun [black and act.] The English statute 9. Geo. I. which makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, &c., or to hunt or steal deer, &c., with the face blacked or disguised.

Blackstone.

Black-Ball

BLACK'-BALL, noun [black and ball.] A composition for blacking shoes.

Black-Ball

BLACK'-BALL, verb transitive To reject or negative in choosing, by putting black balls into a ballot-box.

Black-Bar

BLACK'-BAR, noun [black and bar.] A plea obliging the plaintiff to assign the place of trespass.

Ash.

Black-Berry

BLACK'-BERRY, noun [Saxon blacberian, black and berry.]

The berry of the bramble or rubus; a popular name applied, in different places, to different species, or varieties of this fruit.

Black-Bird

BLACK'-BIRD, noun [black and bird.] In England, the merula, a species of turdus, a singing bird with a fine note, but very loud. In America, this name is given to different birds, as to the gracula quiscula, or crow black-bird, and to the oriolus phaeniceus, or red winged black-bird, [Sturnus predatorius, Wilson.]

Black-Book

BLACK'-BOOK, noun [black and book.] The Black Book of the Exchequer in England, is a book said to have been composed in 1175, by Gervais of Tilbury. It contains a description of the Court of Exchequer, its officers, their ranks and privileges, wages, perquisites and jurisdiction, with the revenues of the crown, in money, grain and cattle.

Encyc.

2. Any book which treats of necromancy.

Encyc.

3. A book compiled by order of the visitors of monasteries, under Henry VIII., containing a detailed account of the enormities practised in religious houses, to blacken them and to hasten their dissolution.

Encyc.

Black-Browed

BLACK'-BROWED, adjective [black and brow.] Having black eye-brows; gloomy; dismal; threatening; as a black-browed gust.

Dryden.

Black-Bryony

BLACK-BRY'ONY, noun [black and bryony.] A plant, the Tamus.

Encyc.

Black-Cap

BLACK-CAP, noun [black and cap.] A bird, the Motacilla atricapilla, or mock-nightingale; so called from its black crown. It is common in Europe.

Encyc. Pennant.

2. In cookery, an apple roasted till black, to be served up in a dish of boiled custard.

Mason.

Black-Cattle

BLACK'-CATTLE, noun [black and cattle.] Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen and cows. [English.]

Johnson.

Black-Chalk

BLACK-CHALK, noun A mineral of a bluish black color, of a slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety of argillaceous slate.

Ure.

Black-Cock

BLACK'-COCK, noun [black and cock.] A fowl, called also black-grous and black-game, the Tetrao tetrix of Linne.

Black-Eagle

BLACK'-EAGLE, noun [black and eagle.] In Scotland, a name given to the Falco fulvus, the white tailed eagle of Edwards.

Black-Earth

BLACK'-EARTH, noun Mold; earth of a dark color.

Woodward.

Blacked

BLACK'ED, participle passive Made black; soiled.

Blacken

BLACK'EN, v. [Sax, bloecan, See Black.]

1. To make black.

The importation of slaves that has blackened half America.

Franklin.

2. To make dark; to darken; to cloud.

3. To soil.

4. To sully reputation; to make infamous; as, vice blackens the character.

Blacken

BLACK'EN, verb intransitive To grow black, or dark.

Blackener

BLACK'ENER, noun He that blackens.

Black-Eyed

BLACK'-EYED, adjective Having black eyes.

Dryden.

Black-Faced

BLACK'-FACED, adjective Having a black face.

Shak.

Black-Fish

BLACK'-FISH, noun [black and fish.] A fish in the Orontes, about twenty inches long, in shape resembling the sheat-fish. Its eyes are placed near the corners of its mouth on the edge of the lower jaw.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

2. In the U. States, a fish caught on the rocky shores of New-England.

Black-Forest

BLACK-FOREST, noun [black and forest.] A forest in Germany, in Swabia; a part of the ancient Hercynian forest.

Black-Friar

BLACK-FRIAR, noun Black-friars is a name given to the Dominican Order, called also Predicants and preaching friars; in France, Jacobins.

Encyc.

Black-Guard

BLACK'-GUARD, noun [said to be of black and guard; but is it not a corruption of black-ard, black-kind ?]

A vulgar term applied to a mean fellow, who uses abusive, scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse.

Blacking

BLACK'ING, participle of the present tense Making black.

Blacking

BLACK'ING, noun A substance used for blacking shoes, variously made; any factitious matter for making things black.

Encyc. Ash.

Blackish

BLACK'ISH, adjective Somewhat black; moderately black or dark.

Black-Jack

BLACK'-JACK, noun A name given by miners to blend, a mineral called also false galena, and blend. It is an ore of zink, in combination with iron and sulphur, sulphuret of zink.

Nicholson.

2. A leathern cup of old times.

Black-Lead

BLACK'-LEAD, noun A mineral of a dark steel-gray color, and of a scaly texture, composed of carbon, with a small portion of iron. This name, black-lead, is improper, as it contains no lead. It is called plumbago, and technically graphite, as it is used for pencils.

Cleaveland.

Black-Legs

BLACK'-LEGS, noun In some parts of England, a disease among calves and sheep. It is a sort of jelly which settles in the legs and sometimes in the neck.

Encyc.

Blackly

BLACK'LY, adverb Darkly; atrociously.

Black-Mail

BLACK'-MAIL, noun A certain rate of money, corn, cattle or other thing, anciently paid, in the north of England, to certain men, who were allied to robbers, to be by them protected from pillage.

Cowel. Encyc.

2. Black rent, or rents paid in corn or flesh.

Bailey. Encyc.

Black-Monday

BLACK'-MONDAY, noun Easter Monday, in 34. Ed. III., which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died on horseback.

Stowe.

Black-Monks

BLACK'-MONKS, a denomination given to the Benedictines.

Encyc.

Black-Moor

BLACK'-MOOR, noun [black and moor.] A negro; a black man.

Black-Mouthed

BLACK'-MOUTHED, adjective Using foul or scurrllous language.

Killingbeck.

Blackness

BLACK'NESS, noun The quality of being black; black color; darkness; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness.

Black-Pudding

BLACK'-PUDDING, noun A kind of food made of blood and grain.

Johnson.

Black-Rod

BLACK'-ROD, noun [black and rod.] In England, the usher belonging to the order of the garter; so called from the black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber and usher of Parliament.

Cowel.

Black row grains, a species of iron stone or ore, found in the mines about Dudley in Staffordshire, England.

Encyc.

Black Sea

BLACK' SEA, noun [black and sea.] The Euxine Sea, on the eastern border of Europe.

Black-Sheep

BLACK'-SHEEP, noun [black and sheep.] In oriental history, the ensign or standard of a race of Turkmans in Armenia and Mesopotamia.

Encyc.

Blacksmith

BLACK'SMITH, noun [black and smith.] A smith who works in iron, and makes iron utensils; more properly, an iron-smith.

Black'-strakes, in a ship, are a range of planks immediately above the wales in a ship's side, covered with tar and lamp-black.

Encyc.

Black-Tail

BLACK'-TAIL, noun [black and tail.] A fish, a kind of perch, called also a ruff or pope.

Johnson.

Black-Thorn

BLACK'-THORN, noun [black and thorn.] A species of prunus, called also sloe. It grows ten or twelve feet high, very branchy, and armed with sharp, strong spines, and bearing small, round, black cherries. It is much cultivated for hedges.

Encyc.

Black-Tin

BLACK'-TIN, noun [black and tin.] Tin ore, when dressed, stamped and washed ready for melting. It is the ore comminuted by beating into a black powder, like fine sand.

Encyc.

Black-Visaged

BLACK'-VISAGED, adjective Having a dark visage or appearance.

Marston.

Black-Wadd

BLACK'-WADD, noun [black and wadd.] An ore of manganese, found in Derbyshire, England, and used as a drying ingredient in paints. It is remarkable for taking fire, when mixed with linseed oil in a certain proportion.

Encyc.

Black-Work

BLACK'-WORK, noun [black and work.] Iron wrought by black-smiths; so called in distinction from that wrought by white-smiths.

Encyc.

Blad-Apple

BLAD'-APPLE, noun In botany, the cactus or a species of it.

Fam. of Plants.

Bladder

BLAD'DER, noun [Saxon bloedr, bloedra, bleddra, a bladder, and bloed, a puff of wind, also a goblet, fruit, the branch of a tree; Welsh pledren, a bladder; Swedish and Danish blad, a page, a leaf, a blade; Dutch blad, a leaf, page, sheet, a board, a blade, a plate; German blatt, a leaf; blatter, a blister, which is our bladder. The Germans express bladder by blase, Dutch blaas, which is our blaze. Hence we observe that the sense is taken from swelling, extending, dilating, blowing; Sax blawan, to blow; Welsh blot or blwth, a puff or blast; Welsh pled, extension, from llÃƒ-ªd, breadth; Latin latus.]

1. A thin membranous bag in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall bladder, &c. By way of eminence, the word, in common language, denotes the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. Any vesicle, blister or pustule, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery liquor.

3. In botany, a distended membranaceous pericarp.

Martyn.

Bladdered

BLAD'DERED, adjective Swelled like a bladder.

Dryden.

Bladder-Nut

BLAD'DER-NUT, noun [bladder and nut.] A genus of plants, with the generic name of Staphyloea. They have three capsules, inflated and joined by a longitudinal suture.

Encyc.

2. The African bladder nut is the Royena.

3. The laurel-leaved bladder-nut is a species of Ilex, holm or holly.

Fam. of Plants.

Bladder-Senna

BLAD'DER-SENNA, or bastard-senna, a genus of plants, called in botany Colutea.

Fam. of Plants.

The joinied-podded bladder-senna is the Coronilla.

Fam. of Plants.

Bladdery

BLAD'DERY, adjective Resembling a bladder; containing bladders.

Blade

BLADE, noun [Saxon bloed, bled, a branch, fruit, herbs, goblet, a phial, the broad part or blade of an oar; Greek, broad. The radical sense is to shoot, extend, dilate. See Bladder.]

1. The stalk or spire of a plant, particularly of grass and corn; but applicable to the stalk of any herbaceous plant, whether green or dry.

2. A leaf. In this sense much used in the Southern States of N. America, for the leaves of maize, which are used as fodder.

3. The cutting part of an instrument, as the blade of a knife, or sword, so named from its length or breadth. Usually, it is made of iron or steel, but may be of any other metal, cast or wrought to an edge or point. Also, the broad part of an oar.

4. The blade of the shoulder, shoulder-blade, or blade-bone, is the scapula, or scapular bone. It is the broad upper bone of the shoulder, so called from its resemblance to a blade or leaf.

5. A brisk man; a bold, forward man; a rake.

Blade

BLADE, verb transitive To furnish with a blade.

Blade-Bone

BLA'DE-BONE, noun The scapula, or upper bone in the shoulder.

Bladed

BLA'DED, participle passive Having a blade or blades. It may be used of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or the cutting part of an instrument.

2. In mineralogy, composed of long and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife.

Cleveland.

Blade-Smith

BLA'DE-SMITH, noun A sword cutler.

Blain

BLAIN, noun [Saxon blegene; Dutch blein.]

A pustule; a botch; a blister. In farriery, a bladder growing on the root of the tongue, against the wind pipe, which swells so as to stop the breath.

Encyc.

Blamable

BLA'MABLE, adjective [See Blame.] Faulty; culpable; reprehensible; deserving of censure.

Dryden.

Blamableness

BLA'MABLENESS, noun Culpableness; fault; the state of being worthy of censure.

Whitlock.

Blamably

BLA'MABLY, adverb Culpably; in a manner deserving of censure.

Blame

BLAME, verb transitive [French blÃƒ-¢mer, for blasmer; Italian biasmare, to blame; biasmo, for blasmo, blame. The Greeks have the root of this word in, to blaspheme, and it seems to be of the same family as French blesser, to injure, that is, to strike. See Blemish. But it is not clear that the noun ought not to be arranged before the verb.]

1. To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; opposed to praise or commend, and applicable most properly to persons, but applied also to things.

I withstood him, because he was to be blamed. Galatians 2.

I must blame your conduct; or I must blame you for neglecting business. Legitimately, it cannot be followed by of.

2. To bring reproach upon; to blemish; to injure. [See Blemish.]

She had blamed her noble blood. [obsolete]

Spenser.

Blame

BLAME, noun Censure; reprehension; imputation of a fault; disapprobation; an expression of disapprobation for something deemed to be wrong.

Let me bear the blame forever. Genesis 43.

2. Fault; crime; sin; that which is deserving of censure or disapprobation.

That we should be holy and without blame before him in love. Ephesians 1.

3. Hurt; injury.

And glancing down his shield, from blame him fairly blest.

Spenser.

The sense of this word, as used by Spenser, proves that it is a derivative from the root of blemish.

To blame, in the phrase, he is to blame, signifies blamable, to be blamed.

Blame is not strictly a charge or accusation of a fault; but it implies an opinion in the censuring party, that the person censured is faulty. Blame is the act or expression of disapprobation for what is supposed to be wrong.

Blamed

BLA'MED, participle passive Censured; disapproved.

Blameful

BLA'MEFUL, adjective Faulty; meriting blame; reprehensible.

Blameless

BLA'MELESS, adjective Without fault; innocent; guiltless; not meriting censure.

A bishop then must be blameless. 1 Timothy 3. Sometimes followed by of.

We will be blameless of this thine oath. Joshua 2.

Blamelessly

BLA'MELESSLY, adverb Innocently; without fault or crime.

Hammond.

Blamelessness

BLA'MELESSNESS, noun Innocence; a state of being not worthy of censure.

Hammond.

Blamer

BLA'MER, noun One who blames, finds fault or censures.

Blameworthiness

BLA'MEWORTHINESS, noun The quality of deserving censure.

Blameworthy

BLA'MEWORTHY, adjective [blame and worthy.]

Deserving blame; censurable; culpable; reprehensible.

Martin.

Blaming

BLA'MING, participle of the present tense Censuring; finding fault.

Blancard

BLANC'ARD, noun [French blanc, white, and ard, kind.]

A kind of linen cloth, manufactured in Normandy, so called because the thread is half blanched before it is wove.

Encyc.

Blanch

BL`ANCH, verb transitive [French blanchir; Italian bianchire, the l suppressed as in blame; Spanish blanquear; Portugese branquear, l changed into r; blank. See Bleach.]

1. To whiten; to take out the color, and make white; to obliterate.

Dryden.

2. To slur; to balk; to pass over; that is, to avoid; to make empty.

Obs. Bacon.

3. To strip or peel; as, to blanch almonds.

Wiseman.

Blanch

BL`ANCH, verb intransitive To evade; to shift; to speak softly.

Johnson.

Rather, to fail or withhold; to be reserved; to remain blank, or empty.

Books will speak plain, when counselors blanch.

Bacon.

Blanched

BL`ANCHED, participle passive Whitened.

Blancher

BL`ANCHER, noun One who whitens; also, one who anneals, and cleanses money.

Blanchimeter

BLANCHIM'ETER, noun [blanch, and Greek, measure.]

An instrument for measuring the bleaching power of oxymuriate [chloride] of lime, and potash.

Ure.

Blanching

BL`ANCHING, participle of the present tense Whitening. In coinage, the operation of giving brightness to pieces of silver, by heating them on a peel, and afterwards boiling them successively in two pans of copper, with aqua fortis, common salt, and tartar of Montpelier; then draining off the water in a sieve; sand and fresh water are then thrown over them, and when dry, they are rubbed with a towel.

Encyc.

The covering of iron plates with a thin coat of tin is also called blanching.

Encyc.

Blanch-ferm, or blank farm, in ancient law, a white farm, was one, where the rent was paid in silver, not in cattle.

Encyc.

Blanch-holding, in law, a tenure by which the tenant is bound to pay only an elusory yearly duty to his superior, as an acknowledgment to his right.

Encyc.

Blanc-Manger

BLANC-MANGER, pron. blomonge. [French white food.] In cookery, a preparation of dissolved isinglass, milk, sugar, cinnamon, &c., boiled into a thick consistence, and garnished for the table with blanched almonds.

Encyc.

Bland

BLAND, adjective [Latin blandus; French blond; German linde, gelinde, mild, soft; Swedish lindra; German lindern; Dutch linderen; Danish lindrer; to soften or mitigate; Danish lind, soft, mild, gentle; Latin lenis, lentus; Arabic lana, to be mild, soft, gentle, placid, smooth, lenient. See Relent.]

Mild; soft; gentle; as bland words; bland zephyrs.

Milton. Thomson.

Blandiloquence

BLANDIL'OQUENCE, noun [Latin blandus, mild, and loquor, to speak.] Fair, mild, flattering speech.

Blandish

BLAND'ISH, verb transitive [Latin blandior; Italian blandire; Spanish blandiar, blandir; Old blandise, Chaucer.]

To soften; to caress; to flatter by kind words or affectionate actions.

Milton.

Blandisher

BLAND'ISHER, noun One that flatters with soft words.

Blandishing

BLAND'ISHING, participle of the present tense Soothing or flattering with fair words.

Blandishing

BLAND'ISHING, noun Blandishment.

Blandishment

BLAND'ISHMENT, noun Soft words; kind speeches; caresses; expression of kindness; words or actions expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the heart.

Milton. Dryden.

Blank

BLANK, adjective [French blanc; Italian bianco; Spanish blanco; Dutch and German blank; Danish blank; shining; Swedish blanck, white, shining; blankia, to shine. See Bleach.]

1. Void; empty; consequently white; as a blank paper.

2. White or pale; as the blank moon.

Milton.

3. Pale from fear or terror; hence confused; confounded; dispirited; dejected.

AdamÃ‚--astonished stood, and blank.

Milton.

4. Without rhyme; as blank verse, verse in which rhyme is wanting.

5. Pure; entire; complete.

Beddoes.

6. Not containing balls or bullets; as blank cartridges.

This word is applied to various other objects, usually in the sense of destitution, emptiness; as a blank line; a blank space, in a book, &c.

Blank

BLANK, noun Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument.

2. A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize.

3. A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters.

4. A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, release, writ or execution, with vacant spaces left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, &c.

5. The point to which an arrow is directed, marked with white paper. [Little used.]

Shak.

6. Aim; shot. Obs.

Shak.

7. Object to which any thing is directed.

Shak.

8. A small copper coin formerly current in France, at the rate of 5 deniers Tournois. There were also pieces of three blanks, and of six; but they are now become moneys of account.

Encyc.

9. In coinage, a plate or piece of gold or silver, cut and shaped, but not stamped.

Encyc.

Blank-bar, in law, a common bar, or a plea in bar, which, in an action of trespass, is put in to oblige the plaintiff to assign the place where the trespass was committed.

Encyc.

Point-blank, in gunnery, the shot of a gun leveled horizontally. The distance between the piece, and the point where the shot first touches the ground, is called the point-blank range; the shot proceeding on a straight line, without curving.

Encyc.

Blank

BLANK, verb transitive To make void; to annul.

Spenser.

2. To deprive of color, the index of health and spirits; to damp the spirits; to dispirit or confuse; as, to blank the face of joy.

Shak. Tillotson.

Blanked

BLANK'ED, participle passive Confused; dispirited.

Blanket

BLANK'ET, noun [French blanchet, the blanket of a printing press.]

1. A cover for a bed, made of coarse wool loosely woven, and used for securing against cold. Blankets are used also by soldiers, and seamen, for covering.

2. A kind of pear, sometimes written after the French, blanquet.

3. Among printers, woolen cloth or white baize, to lay between the tympans.

Print. Guide.

Blanket

BLANK'ET, verb transitive To toss in a blanket by way of punishment; an ancient custom. The Emperor Otho used to sally forth in dark nights, and if he found a drunken man, he administered the discipline of the blanket.

Encyc.

2. To cover with a blanket.

Blanketing

BLANK'ETING, participle of the present tense Tossing in a blanket.

Blanketing

BLANK'ETING, noun The punishment of tossing in a blanket.

2. Cloth for blankets.

Blankly

BLANK'LY, adverb In a blank manner; with paleness or confusion.

Blare

BLARE, verb intransitive [Old Belgic blaren; Teut. blarren; Latin ploro, to cry out, to bawl, to weep; Irish blor, or glor, a noise, or voice. The radical sense is to shoot or drive forth, or to spread.]

1. To roar; to bellow. [Little used.]

Johnson.

2. To sweal or melt away, as a candle.

Bailey.

This is, I believe, usually called flare.

Blare

BLARE, noun Roar; noise. [Little used.]

And sigh for battle's blare.

Barlow.

2. A small copper coin of Bern, nearly of the same value as the ratz.

Encyc.

Blasphme

BLASPH'ME, verb transitive [Greek. The first syllable is the same as in blame, blasme, denoting injury; probably, French blesser, to hurt, that is, to strike; Latin loedo, loesus. Hence in Spanish blasfemable is blamable. The last syllable is the Greek, to speak.]

1. To speak of the Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence; to revile or speak reproachfully of God, or the Holy Spirit. 1 Kings 21. Mark 3.

2. To speak evil of; to utter abuse or calumny against; to speak reproachfully of.

Pope.

Blaspheme

BLASPHE'ME, verb intransitive To utter blasphemy.

He that shall blaspheme against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven. Mark 3.

2. To arrogate the prerogatives of God.

This man blasphemeth. Who can forgive sins but God? Matthew 9. Mark 2.

Blasphemer

BLASPHE'MER, noun One who blasphemes; one who speaks of God in impious and irreverent terms. 1 Timothy 1.

Blaspheming

BLASPHE'MING, participle of the present tense Uttering impious or reproachful words concerning God.

Blasphemous

BLAS'PHEMOUS, adjective Containing blasphemy; calumnious; impiously irreverent or reproachful towards God.

Sidney.

Blasphemously

BLAS'PHEMOUSLY, adverb Impiously; with impious irreverence to God.

Blasphemy

BLAS'PHEMY, noun An indignity offered to God by words or writing; reproachful, contemptuous or irreverent words uttered impiously against Jehovah.

Blasphemy is an injury offered to God, by denying that which is due and belonging to him, or attributing to him that which is not agreeable to his nature.

Linwood.

In the middle ages, blasphemy was used to denote simply the blaming or condemning of a person or thing. Among the Greeks, to blaspheme was to use words of ill omen, which they were careful to avoid.

Encyc.

2. That which derogates from the prerogatives of God. Mark 2.

Blast

BL`AST, noun [Saxon bloest, a puff of wind, a blowing; Swedish blÃƒ-¥st; Danish bloest; German blasen; Dutch blaazen; Danish bloeser; Swedish blÃƒ-¥sa, to blow; whence German blase, Dutch blaas, Swedish blÃƒ-¥sa, a bladder. Hence blaze, which is primarily a blowing or swelling. Icelandic bloes, to blow. Qu. French blaser, to burn up, to consume. The primary sense is to rush or drive; hence to strike.]

1. A gust or puff of wind; or a sudden gust of wind.

2. The sound made by blowing a wind instrument.

Shak.

3. Any pernicious or destructive influence upon animals or plants.

4. The infection of any thing pestilential; a blight on plants.

5. A sudden compression of air, attended with a shock, caused by the discharge of cannon.

6. A forcible stream of air from the mouth, from a bellows or the like.

7. A violent explosion of gunpowder, in splitting rocks, and the explosion of inflammable air in a mine.

8. The whole blowing of a forge necessary to melt one supply of ore; a common use of the word among workmen in forges in America.

Blast

BL`AST, verb transitive [Literally, to strike.] To make to wither by some pernicious influence, as too much heat or moisture, or other destructive cause; or to check growth and prevent from coming to maturity and producing fruit; to blight, as trees or plants.

2. To affect with some sudden violence, plague, calamity, or destructive influence, which destroys or causes to fail; as, to blast pride or hopes. The figurative senses of this verb are taken from the blasting of plants, and all express the idea of checking growth, preventing maturity, impairing, injuring, destroying, or disappointing of the intended effect; as, to blast credit, or reputation; to blast designs.

3. To confound, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din.

Shak.

4. To split rocks by an explosion of gunpowder.

They did not stop to blast this ore.

Forster's Kalm's Travels.

Blasted

BL`ASTED, participle passive Affected by some cause that checks growth, injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive; split by an explosion of gunpowder.

Blaster

BL`ASTER, noun He or that which blasts or destroys.

Blasting

BL`ASTING, participle of the present tense Affecting by a blast; preventing from coming to maturity; frustrating; splitting by an explosion of gunpowder.

Blasting

BL`ASTING, noun A blast; destruction by a pernicious cause; explosion.

Blastment

BL`ASTMENT, noun Blast; sudden stroke of some destructive cause. [Superseded by blast and blasting.]

Shak.

Blatant

BLA'TANT, adjective [See Bleat.] Bellowing as a calf. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Blatter

BLAT'TER, verb intransitive [from the root of bleat.]

To make a senseless noise.

Blatterer

BLAT'TERER, noun A noisy blustering boaster. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Blay

BLAY, noun [See Bleak.] A small river fish, the bleak.

Ainsworth. Johnson.

Blaze

BLAZE, noun [Swedish blÃƒ-¥sa; German blasen; Dutch blaazen; Danish bloeser, to blow, and Danish blusser, to burn, blaze, glisten; to blush; Saxon blaze, a lamp or torch; Danish blus; French blaser. The word seems primarily to express rushing or flowing, or violent agitation, and expansion.]

1. Flame; the stream of light and heat from any body when burning, proceeding from the combustion of inflammable gas.

2. Publication; wide diffusion of report. In this sense, we observe the radical sense of dilatation, as well as that of light.

3. A white spot on the forehead or face of a horse, descending nearly to the nose.

4. Light; expanded light; as the blaze of day.

5. Noise; agitation; tumult.

Blaze

BLAZE, verb intransitive To flame; as, the fire blazes.

2. To send forth or show a bright and expanded light.

The third fair morn now blazed upon the main.

Pope.

3. To be conspicuous.

Blaze

BLAZE, verb transitive To make public far and wide.

To blaze those virtues which the good would hide.

Pope.

2. To blazon. [Not used. See Blazon.]

Peacham.

3. To set a white mark on a tree, by paring off a part of the bark.

Todd.

Blazed

BLA'ZED, participle passive Published far and wide.

Blazer

BLA'ZER, noun One who publishes and spreads reports.

Blazing

BLA'ZING, participle of the present tense Flaming; publishing far and wide.

Blazing

BLA'ZING, adjective Emitting flame, or light; as a blazing star.

Blazing-Star

BLA'ZING-STAR, noun A comet; a star that is accompanied with a coma or train of light.

Blazon

BLA'ZON, v. t. bla'zn. [French blasonner; Italian blasonare; Spanish blasonar, to blazon; blason, heraldry. It is a derivative of blaze.]

1. To explain, in proper terms, the figures on ensigns armorial.

Addison.

2. To deck; to embellish; to adorn.

She blazons in dread smiles her hideous form.

Garth.

3. To display; to set to show; to celebrate by words or writing.

Shak.

4. To blaze about; to make public far and wide.

5. To display; to exhibit conspicuously.

There pride sits blazon'd on th' unmeaning brow.

Trumbull.

Blazon

BLA'ZON, noun The art of drawing, describing or explaining coats of arms; perhaps a coat of arms, as used by the French.

Peacham.

2. Publication; show; celebration; pompous display, either by words or by other means.

Blazoned

BLA'ZONED, participle passive Explained, decyphered in the manner of heralds; published abroad; displayed pompously.

Blazoner

BLA'ZONER, noun One that blazons; a herald; an evil speaker, or propagator of scandal.

Blazoning

BLA'ZONING, participle of the present tense Explaining, describing as heralds; showing; publishing; blazing abroad; displaying.

Blazonry

BLA'ZONRY, noun The art of describing coats of arms, in proper terms.

Blea

BLEA, noun The part of a tree, which lies immediately under the bark. [I believe not used.]

Chambers.

Bleach

BLEACH, verb transitive [Saxon bloecan; Dutch bleeken; German bleichen; Swedish bleka; Danish bleeger; to whiten or bleach; Dutch blyken, to appear, to show; Danish blik, a white plate of iron, or tin plate; bleeg, pale, wan, bleak; Swedish blek, id.; bleka, to shine. Arabic, balaka, to open or be opened, to shine; balaja, id. It is not improbable that blank and blanch are this same word, with a nasal sound casually uttered and afterwards written before the final consonant.]

To whiten; to make white or whiter; to take out color; applied to many things, but particularly to cloth and thread. Bleaching is variously performed, but in general by steeping the cloth in lye, or a solution of pot or pearl ashes, and then exposing it to the solar rays.

Bleaching is now generally performed, on the large scale, by means of chlorine or the oxymuriatic acid, which has the property of whitening vegetable substances.

Cyc.

Bleach

BLEACH, verb intransitive To grow white in any manner.

Shak.

Bleached

BLE'ACHED, participle passive Whitened; made white.

Bleacher

BLE'ACHER, noun One who whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten cloth.

Bleachery

BLE'ACHERY, noun A place for bleaching; as a wax bleachery.

Tooke.

Bleaching

BLE'ACHING, participle of the present tense Whitening; making white; becoming white.

Bleaching

BLE'ACHING, noun The act or art of whitening, especially cloth.

Bleak

BLEAK, adjective [Saxon blac, bloec, black, and pale, or wan; niger, pallidus, fuscus, pullus. It appears that originally this word did not denote perfect whiteness, but a wan or brown color. This is from the same root as black and bleach. See Bleach.]

1. Pale. [But not often used in this sense, in America, as far as my observations extend.]

Gower.

2. Open; vacant; exposed to a free current of air; as a bleak hill or shore. This is the true sense of the word; hence cold and cheerless. A bleak wind is not so named merely from its coldness, but from its blowing without interruption, on a wide waste; at least this is the sense in America. So in Addison. ``Her desolation presents us with nothing but bleak and barren prospects.'

Bleak

BLEAK, noun A small river fish, five or six inches long, so named from its whiteness. It belongs to the genus Cyprinus, and is known to the Londoners by the name of white bait. It is called also by contraction blay.

Encyc.

Bleakness

BLE'AKNESS, noun Openness of situation; exposure to the wind; hence coldness.

Addison.

Bleaky

BLE'AKY, adjective Bleak; open; unsheltered; cold; chill.

Dryden.

Blear

BLEAR, adjective [Dutch blaar; Danish bloere, a blister, a bladder or bubble.]

Sore, with a watery rheum; applied only to the eyes; as the blear-eyed owl.

L'Estrange.

Blear

BLEAR, verb transitive To make sore; to affect with soreness of eyes, or a watery humor; to make dim or partially obscure the sight.

Raleigh. Dryden.

Blearedness

BLE'AREDNESS, noun The state of being bleared, or dimmed with rheum.

Wiseman.

Blear-Eyed

BLE'AR-EYED, adjective Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum; dim-sighted.

Butler.

Bleat

BLEAT, verb intransitive [Saxon bloetan; Latin blatero; Dutch blaeten; Swedish bladra, pluddra; Danish pludrer. It coincides in elements with Latin plaudo.]

To make the noise of a sheep; to cry as a sheep.

Bleat

BLEAT, noun The cry of a sheep.

Bleating

BLE'ATING, participle of the present tense or adjective Crying as a sheep.

Bleating

BLE'ATING, noun The cry of a sheep.

Bleb

BLEB, noun [This word belongs to the root of blab, blubber.]

A little tumor, vesicle or blister.

Arsenic abounds with air blebs.

Kirwan.

Bled

BLED, preterit tense and participle passive of bleed.

Bleed

BLEED, verb intransitive pret. and pp. bled. [Saxon bledan; Dutch bloeden; German bluten; to bleed; allied perhaps to Greek.]

1. To lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever means; as, the arm bleeds.

2. To die a violent death, or by slaughter.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day.

Pope.

3. To issue forth, or drop as blood, from an incision; to lose sap, gum or juice; as, a tree or a vine bleeds.

For me the balm shall bleed.

Pope.

The heart bleeds, is a phrase used to denote extreme pain from sympathy or pity.

Bleed

BLEED, verb transitive To let blood; to take blood from, by opening a vein.

Bleeding

BLEE'DING, participle of the present tense Losing blood; letting blood; losing sap or juice.

Bleeding

BLEE'DING, noun A running or issuing of blood, as from the nose; a hemorrhage; the operation of letting blood, as in surgery; the drawing of sap from a tree or plant.

Bleit

BLEIT, or BLATE, adjective [German blÃƒ-¶de; Dutch bloode.] Bashful; used in Scotland and the northern counties of England.

Johnson.

Blemish

BLEM'ISH, verb transitive [In French blemir, is to grow pale, and blÃƒ-ªme, from the ancient clesme, is pale, wan; Armoric blem; Norman, blasme, blamed; blemish, and blesmys, broken; blemishment, blemissment, infringement, prejudice; blesme, pale, wan; from blesser, to injure, or its root, from which was formed the noun blesme, pale, wan, or black and blue, as we should now say; and the s being dropped, blamer and blemir, were formed. See Blame.]

1. To mark with any deformity; to injure or impair any thing which is well formed, or excellent; to mar, or make defective, either the body or mind.

Sidney.

2. To tarnish, as reputation or character; to defame.

Dryden.

Blemish

BLEM'ISH, noun Any mark of deformity; any scar or defect that diminishes beauty, or renders imperfect that which is well formed.

2. Reproach; disgrace; that which impairs reputation; taint; turpitude; deformity.

Hooken.

Blemished

BLEM'ISHED, participle passive Injured or marred by any mark of deformity; tarnished; soiled.

Blemishing

BLEM'ISHING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with deformity; tarnishing.

Blemishless

BLEM'ISHLESS, adjective Without blemish; spotless.

Blemishment

BLEM'ISHMENT, noun Disgrace. [Little used.]

Morton.

Blench

BLENCH, verb intransitive [This evidently is the blanch of Bacon [see Blanch,] and perhaps the modern flinch.]

To shrink; to start back; to give way.

Shak.

Blench

BLENCH, verb transitive To hinder or obstruct, says Johnson. But the etymology explains the passage he cites in a different manner.

"The rebels carried great trusses of hay before them, to blench the defendants' fight." Carew. That is, to render the combat blank; to render it ineffectual; to break the force of the attack; to deaden the shot. Obs.

Blench

BLENCH, noun A start.

Shak.

Blencher

BLENCH'ER, noun That which frustrates.

Blench-Holding

BLENCH'-HOLDING, noun A tenure of lands upon the payment of a small sum in silver, blanch, that is, white money.

Blackstone.

Blend

BLEND, noun [German blenden, to blind; blende, a blind or skreen.]

An ore of zink, called also mock-lead, false galena and black jack. Its color is mostly yellow, brown and black. There are several varieties, but in general, this ore contains more than half its weight of zink, about one fourth sulphur, and usually a small portion of iron. In chimical language, it is a sulphuret of zink.

Fourcroy. Cleaveland. Thomson.

Blend

BLEND, verb transitive [Saxon blendian, to blend and to blind; geblendan, to mix, to stain or dye; blindan, to blind; Dutch blinden; German blenden, to blind; Danish blander, to blend or mix; blinder, to blind.]

1. To mix or mingle together; hence to confound, so that the separate things mixed cannot be distinguished.

2. To pollute by mixture; to spoil or corrupt. obsolete

Spenser.

3. To blind. Obs.

Blend

BLEND, verb intransitive To be mixed; to be united.

There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that blends with our conviviality.

Irving.

Blended

BLEND'ED, participle passive Mixed; confounded by mixture.

Blender

BLEND'ER, noun One that mingles or confounds.

Blending

BLEND'ING, participle of the present tense Mingling together; confounding by mixture.

Blendous

BLEND'OUS, adjective Pertaining to blend.

Blend-Water

BLEND'-WATER, noun A distemper incident to cattle, called also more-hough.

Encyc.

Blenny

BLEN'NY, noun [Saxon blinnan, to cease.] A genus of fishes, of the order of Jugulars, in Ichthyology called Blennius. There are several species; the size from five inches to a foot in length.

Encyc. Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Blent

BLENT, the obsolete participle of blend.

Spenser.

Bless

BLESS, verb transitive pret. and pp. blessed or blest. [Sax, bledsian, bletsian, bletsigan and blessian; whence, blestung, bledsung, a blessing or benediction. Welsh llÃƒ-¢d, a gift, a favor, a blessing.]

1. To pronounce a wish of happiness to one; to express a wish or desire of happiness.

And Isaac called Jacob and blessed him. Genesis 28.

2. To make happy; to make successful; to prosper in temporal concerns; as, we are blest with peace and plenty.

The Lord thy God shall bless thee in all thou doest. Deuteronomy 15.

3. To make happy in a future life.

Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. Revelation 14.

4. To set apart or consecrate to holy purposes; to make and pronounce holy.

And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. 2.

5. To consecrate by prayer; to invoke a blessing upon.

And Jesus took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven he blessed them. Luke 9.

6. To praise; to glorify, for benefits received.

Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me. Psalm 103.

7. To praise; to magnify; to extol, for excellencies. Psalm 104.

8. To esteem or account happy; with the reciprocal pronoun.

The nations shall bless themselves in him. Jeremiah 4.

9. To pronounce a solemn prophetical benediction upon. Genesis 27. Deuteronomy 33.

10. In this line of Spenser, it may signify to throw, for this is nearly the primary sense.

His sparkling blade about his head he blest.

Johnson supposes the word to signify to wave or brandish, and to have received this sense from the old rite of blessing a field, by directing the hands to all parts of it.

Bless in Spenser for bliss, may be so written, not for rhyme merely, but because bless and bliss are from the same root.

Blessed

BLESS'ED, participle passive Made happy or prosperous; extolled; pronounced happy.

Blessed

BLESS'ED, adjective Happy; prosperous in worldly affairs; enjoying spiritual happiness and the favor of God; enjoying heavenly felicity.

Blessed-Thistle

BLESSED-THISTLE. A plant of the genus Cnicus, sometimes used in decoctions, for a bitter.

Blessedly

BLESS'EDLY, adverb Happily; in a fortunate manner.

Blessedness

BLESS'EDNESS, noun Happiness; felicity; heavenly joys; the favor of God.

2. Sanctity.

Shak.

Blesser

BLESS'ER, noun One that blesses or prospers; one who bestows a blessing.

Blessing

BLESS'ING, participle of the present tense Making happy; wishing happiness to; praising or extolling; consecrating by prayer.

Blessing

BLESS'ING, noun Benediction; a wish of happiness pronounced; a prayer imploring happiness upon another.

2. A solemn prophetic benediction, in which happiness is desired, invoked or foretold.

This is the blessing wherewith MosesÃ‚--blessed the children of Israel. Deuteronomy 33.

3. Any means of happiness; a gift, benefit or advantage; that which promotes temporal prosperity and welfare, or secures immortal felicity. A just and pious magistrate is a public blessing. The divine favor is the greatest blessing.

4. Among the Jews, a present; a gift; either because it was attended with kind wishes for the welfare of the giver, or because it was the means of increasing happiness.

Take, I pray thee, my blessing that is brought to thee. Genesis 33.

Blest

BLEST, participle passive of bless.

Blest

BLEST, adjective Made happy.

2. Making happy; cheering.

While these blest sounds my ravish'd ear assail.

Trumbull.

Bletonism

BLE'TONISM, noun The faculty of perceiving and indicating subterraneous springs and currents by sensation; so called from one Bleton of France who possessed this faculty.

Encyc.

Bletonist

BLE'TONIST, noun One who possesses the faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs by sensation.

Encyc.

Blew

BLEW, preterit tense of blow.

Bleyme

BLEYME, noun An inflammation in the foot of a horse, between the sole and the bone.

Farrier's Dict.

Blicea

BLICE'A, noun A small fish caught in the German seas, somewhat resembling the English sprat.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Blight

BLIGHT, noun [Qu. Saxon bloetha, scurf, leprosy.]

1. A disease incident to plants, affecting them variously. Sometimes the whole plant perishes; sometimes only the leaves and blossoms, which will shrivel, as if scorched.

2. Any thing nipping or blasting.

In America, I have often heard a cutaneous eruption on the human skin called by the name of blights.

Blight

BLIGHT, verb transitive To affect with blight; to blast; to prevent growth, and fertility; to frustrate.

Blin

BLIN, v.t. [Saxon blinnan.] To stop or cease. obsolete

Spenser.

Blind

BLIND, adjective [Saxon blind; German, Dutch Swedish and Danish blind; Saxon blendan, to blend and to blind. This is the same word as blend, and was so written by Spenser. See Blend. Obscurity is from mixture.]

1. Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect, or by deprivation; not having sight.

2. Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of intellectual light; unable to understand or judge; ignorant; as, authors are blind to their own defects.

Blind should be followed by to; but it is followed by of, in the phrase, blind of an eye.

3. Unseen; out of public view; private; dark; sometimes implying contempt or censure; as a blind corner.

Hooker.

4. Dark; obscure; not easy to be found; not easily discernible; as a blind path.

5. Heedless; inconsiderate; undeliberating.

This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor blind reprobation.

Federalist, Jay.

6. In scripture, blind implies not only want of descernment, but moral depravity.

Blind

BLIND, verb transitive To make blind; to deprive of sight.

2. To darken; to obscure to the eye.

Such darkness blinds the sky.

Dryden.

3. To darken the understanding; as, to blind the mind.

4. To darken or obscure to the understanding.

He endeavored to blind and confound the controversy.

Stilling fleet.

5. To eclipse.

Fletcher.

Blind

BLIND, or BLINDE, See Blend, an ore.

Blind

BLIND, noun Something to hinder the sight.

Civility casts a blind over the duty.

L'Estrange.

2. Something to mislead the eye or the understanding; as, one thing serves as a blind for another.

3. A skreen; a cover; as a blind for a window, or for a horse.

Blinded

BLINDED, participle passive Deprived of sight; deprived of intellectual discernment; made dark or obscure.

Blindfold

BLINDFOLD, adjective [blind and fold.] Having the eyes covered; having the mental eye darkened.

Blindfold

BLINDFOLD, verb transitive To cover the eyes; to hinder from seeing.

Blindfolded

BLINDFOLDED, participle passive Having the eyes covered; hindered from seeing.

Blindfolding

BLINDFOLDING, participle of the present tense Covering the eyes; hindering from seeing.

Blinding

BLINDING, participle of the present tense Depriving of sight, or of understanding; obscuring.

Blindly

BLINDLY, adverb Without sight, or understanding.

2. Without discerning the reason; implicitly; without examination; as, to be blindly led by another.

Dryden.

3. Without judgment or direction.

Dryden.

Blindmans Ball

BLINDMAN'S BALL, noun A species of fungus, Lycoperdon, or puff-ball.

Fam. of Plants.

Blindmans Buff

BLINDMAN'S BUFF, noun A play in which one person is blindfolded, and hunts out the rest of the company.

Johnson.

Blindness

BLINDNESS, noun Want of bodily sight; want of intellectual discernment; ignorance.

Locke.

Blindnettle

BLINDNETTLE, noun A plant.

Blinds

BLINDS, noun In the military art, a defense made of osiers or branches interwoven, and laid across two rows of stakes, four or five feet asunder, of the highth of a man, to shelter the workmen, and prevent their being overlooked by the enemy.

Encyc.

Blind Serpent

BLIND SERPENT, noun A reptile of the Cape of Good Hope, covered with black scales, but spotted with red, white and brown.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Blindside

BLINDSIDE, noun [blind and side.] The side which is most easily assailed; or the side on which the party is least able or disposed to see danger; weakness; foible; weak part.

Swift.

Blind Vessel

BLIND VESSEL, with chimists, a vessel with an opening on one side only.

Johnson.

Blindworm

BLINDWORM, noun [blind and worm.] A small reptile, called also slow worm, a species of Anguis, about eleven inches long, covered with scales, with a forked tongue, but harmless.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Blink

BLINK, verb intransitive [Saxon blican, to shine, to twinkle; bliciend, clothed in white; ablican, to appear, to whiten; Dutch blikken, to glance, to twinkle, and blinken, to shine, to glitter; blyken, to appear or show; Swedish blincha, to wink, to connive; bleka, to shine, to twinkle; German blicken, to look, to glance; blinken, to glance, to shine, to twinkle, to wink; Danish blinder, to blink, to glance, to wink, to shine, to glitter. This contains the same radical letters as light.]

1. To wink; to twinkle with the eye.

2. To see obscurely. Johnson. Is it not to see with the eyes half shut, or with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes?

One eye was blinking and one leg was lame.

Pope.

Blink

BLINK, noun A glimpse or glance.

Hall.

Blink

BLINK, n. Blink of ice, is the dazzling whiteness about the horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light from fields of ice at sea.

Mar. Dict.

Blinkard

BLINK'ARD, noun [blink and ard, kind.] A person who blinks or has bad eyes; that which twinkles, or glances, as a dim star, which appears and disappears.

Hakewill.

Blinking

BLINK'ING, participle of the present tense Winking; twinkling.

Bliss

BLISS, noun [Saxon bliss, joy, alacrity, exultation; blissian, to rejoice, to exult, to congratulate, to applaud; also blithsian, to rejoice. See Bless and Blithe.]

The highest degree of happiness; blessedness; felicity; used of felicity in general, when of an exalted kind, but appropriately, of heavenly joys.

Hooker. Pope.

Blissful

BLISS'FUL, adjective Full of joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree.

Spenser.

Blissfully

BLISS'FULLY, adverb In a blissful manner.

Sherwood.

Blissfulness

BLISS'FULNESS, noun Exalted happiness; felicity; fulness of joy.

Barrow.

Blissless

BLISS'LESS, adjective Destitute of bliss.

Hawkins.

Blissom

BLIS'SOM, verb intransitive [Welsh blys, blysiaw, to crave, that is, to reach forward.]

To be lustful; to caterwaul. [Little used.]

Blister

BLIS'TER, noun [Ger blase, and blatter. It is radically the same word as bladder, in a different dialect. See Bladder, Blast, and Blaze.]

1. A pustule; a thin bladder on the skin, containing watery matter or serum, whether occasioned by a burn, or other injury, or by a vesicatory. It is formed by raising the cuticle.

2. Any tumor made by the separation of the film or skin, as on plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the surface, as on steel.

3. A vesicatory; a plaster of flies, or other matter, applied to raise a vesicle.

Blister

BLIS'TER, verb intransitive To rise in blisters.

Dryden.

Blister

BLIS'TER, verb transitive To raise a blister, by any hurt, burn or violent action upon the skin; to raise a blister by a medical application, or vesicatory.

2. To raise tumors on iron bars in a furnace, in the process of converting iron into steel.

Blistered

BLIS'TERED, participle passive Having blisters or tumors.

Blistering

BLIS'TERING, participle of the present tense Raising a blister; applying a blistering plaster, or vesicatory.

Blite

BLITE, noun [Latin blitum; Greek.] A genus of plants, called strawberry spinach.

Encyc.

2. A species of amaranth, or flower gentle.

Fam. of Plants.

Blithe

BLITHE, adjective [Saxon blithe and bleatha, bleathe, gay, joyful. This is probably the same word as bliss; Latin loetus; glad. See Bliss and Glad. The Irish lith, happiness, seems to be the original word without the prefix.]

Gay; merry; joyous; sprightly; mirthful.

For that fair female troop thou sawest, that seemed

Of goddesses, so blithe, so smooth, so gay.

Milton.

Blitheful

BLI'THEFUL, adjective Gay; full of gayety.

Blithely

BLI'THELY, adverb In a gay, joyful manner.

Blitheness

BLI'THENESS, noun Gayety; sprightliness; the quality of being blithe.

Blithesome

BLI'THESOME, adjective Gay; merry; cheerful.

Philips.

Blithesomeness

BLI'THESOMENESS, noun The quality of being blithesome; gayety.

Bloat

BLOAT, verb transitive [This word may be allied to bladder, from the sense of inflating, swelling; Welsh blwth, a puff, a blast; blythaÃƒ-§, a fat paunch, a bloated person.]

1. To swell or make turgid, as with air; to inflate; to puff up; hence, to make vain; followed by up, but without necessity. To bloat up with praise is less elegant than to bloat with praise.

Dryden.

2. To swell or make turgid with water, or other means; as a bloated limb. It is used to denote a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness.

Bloat

BLOAT, verb intransitive To grow turgid; to dilate.

Arbuthnot.

Bloat

BLOAT, adjective Swelled; turgid. [Not used.]

Bloated

BLOATED, participle passive Swelled; grown turgid; inflated.

Bloatedness

BLOATEDNESS, noun A turgid state; turgidness; dilatation from inflation, debility, or any morbid cause.

Arbuthnot.

Bloating

BLOATING, participle of the present tense Swelling; inflating.

Blobber

BLOB'BER, noun [Irish plub, or pluibin, from swelling, pushing out, as in bleb, blubber; Welsh llwb, a bulging out. Qu. bulb, by transposition. See Blubber.]

A bubble: pronounced by the common people in America, blubber. It is a legitimate word, but not elegant.

Carew.

Blobberlip

BLOB'BERLIP, noun [blobber and lip.] A thick lip.

Dryden.

Blobberlipped

BLOB'BERLIPPED, adjective Having thick lips.

L'Estrange.

Block

BLOCK, noun [Dutch blok; German block; French bloc; Welsh ploc, from lloc, a mound; plociaw, to block, to plug; Russian placha, a block. The primary sense is, set, fixed, or a mass.]

1. A heavy piece of timber or wood, usually with one plain surface; or it is rectangular, and rather thick than long.

2. Any mass of matter with an extended surface; as a block of marble, a piece rough from the quarry.

3. A massy body, solid and heavy; a mass of wood, iron, or other metal, with at least one plain surface, such as artificers use.

4. The wood on which criminals are beheaded.

5. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; hindrance; obstacle.

6. A piece of wood in which a pulley runs; used also for the pulley, or the block itself and the sheaves, or wheels.

7. A blockhead; a stupid fellow.

8. Among cutters in wood, a form made of hard wood, on which they cut figures in relief with knives, chisels, &c.

Encyc.

9. In falconry, the perch whereon a bird of prey is kept.

Ency.

Block

BLOCK, verb transitive [French bloquer; Portugese and Spanish bloquear; Italian bloccare.]

To inclose or shut up, so as to hinder egress or passage; to stop up; to obstruct, by placing obstacles in the way: often followed by up; as, to block up a town, or a road.

Blockade

BLOCKA'DE, noun [Italian bloccato; Portugese bloqueado, blocked up; Spanish bloqueo; French blocus.]

The siege of a place, formed by surrounding it with hostile troops or ships, or by posting them at all the avenues, to prevent escape, and hinder supplies of provisions and ammunition from entering, with a view to compel a surrender, by hunger and want, without regular attacks.

To constitute a blockade, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that port, where its force cannot be brought to bear.

Kent's Commentaries.

Blockade

BLOCKA'DE, verb transitive To shut up a town or fortress, by posting troops at all the avenues, to compel the garrison or inhabitants to surrender by means of hunger and want, without regular attacks; also, to station ships of war to obstruct all intercourse with a town or nation.

Blockaded

BLOCKA'DED, participle passive Shut up or inclosed by an enemy.

Blockading

BLOCKA'DING, participle of the present tense Besieging by a blockade.

Blockhead

BLOCK'HEAD, noun [block and head.] A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.

Blockheaded

BLOCK'HEADED, adjective Stupid; dull.

Shak.

Blockheadly

BLOCK'HEADLY, adjective Like a blockhead.

Blockhouse

BLOCK'HOUSE, noun [block and house.] A house or fortress, erected to block up a pass, and defend against the entrance of an enemy.

Blockish

BLOCK'ISH, adjective Stupid; dull; deficient in understanding.

Shak.

Blockishly

BLOCK'ISHLY, adverb In a stupid manner.

Harmar.

Blockishness

BLOCK'ISHNESS, noun Stupidity; dullness.

Blocklike

BLOCK'LIKE, adjective Like a block; stupid.

Hakewill.

Block-Tin

BLOCK'-TIN, noun [block and tin.] Tin which is pure, unmixed, and unwrought.

Johnson. Ash.

Blomary

BLO'MARY, [See Bloom, a mass of iron.]

The first forge through which iron passes, after it is melted from the ore.

Blonket

BLONK'ET, adjective Gray. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Blood

BLOOD, noun [Saxon Swedish and Danish blod; German blut, blood; bluten, to bleed; Dutch blood, blood; bloeden, to bleed; allied perhaps to Greek.]

1. The fluid which circulates through the arteries and veins of the human body, and of other animals, which is essential to the preservation of life. This fluid is generally red. If the blood of an animal is not red, such animal is called exsanguious, or white-blooded; the blood being white, or white tinged with blue.

2. Kindred; relation by natural descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity.

God hath made of one blood, all nations of the earth. Acts 17.

Hence the word is used for a child; a family; a kindred; descent; lineage; progeny; descendants; &c.

3. Royal lineage; blood royal; as a prince of the blood.

4. Honorable birth; high extraction; as a gentleman of blood.

Shak.

5. Life.

Shall I not require his blood at your hands? 2 Samuel 4.

6. Slaughter; murder, or bloodshedding.

I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu. Hosea i.

The voice of thy brother's blood crieth to me from the ground. Genesis 4.

7. Guilt, and punishment.

Your blood be upon your own heads. Acts 18.

8. Fleshly nature; the carnal part of man; as opposed to spiritual nature, or divine life.

Who were born, not of flesh and blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. John 1.

9. Man, or human wisdom, or reason.

Flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven. Matthew 16.

10. A sacramental symbol of the blood of Christ.

This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for the remission of sins. Matthew 26.

11. The death and sufferings of Christ.

Being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him. Romans 5, 3. Ephesians 1.

12. The price of blood; that which is obtained by shedding blood, and seizing goods.

Wo to him that buildeth a town with blood. Habakkuk 2. Acts 1.

13. Temper of mind; state of the passions; but in this sense, accompanied with cold or warm, or other qualifying word. Thus to commit an act in cold blood, is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion. Warm blood denotes a temper inflamed or irritated; to warm or heat the blood, is to excite the passions.

14. A hot spark; a man of fire or spirit; a rake.

15. The juice of any thing, especially if red; as, "the blood of grapes." Genesis 49.

Whole blood. In law, a kinsman of the whole blood is one who descends from the same couple of ancestors; of the half blood, one who descends from either of them singly, by a second marriage.

Encyc.

Blood

BLOOD, verb transitive To let blood; to bleed by opening a vein.

2. To stain with blood.

Addison. Dryden.

3. To enter; to inure to blood; as a hound.

Spenser.

4. To heat the blood; to exasperate. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

Blood-Bespotted

BLOOD-BESPOT'TED, adjective Spotted with blood.

Shak.

Blood-Boltered

BLOOD-BOLTERED, adjective [blood and bolter.]

Sprinkled with blood. [Not used.]

Macbeth.

Blood-Consuming

BLOOD-CONSU'MING, adjective Wasting the blood.

Shak.

Blooded

BLOOD'ED, participle passive Bled; stained with blood; inured to blood.

Blood-Flower

BLOOD'-FLOWER, noun [blood and flower.]

Haemanthus, a genus of plants, natives of the Cape of Good Hope.

Encyc.

Blood-Frozen

BLOOD-FROZEN, adjective Having the blood chilled.

Spenser.

Blood-Guiltiness

BLOOD-GUILTINESS, noun [blood and guilt.]

The guilt or crime of shedding blood. Psalm 51.

Blood-Hot

BLOOD-HOT, adjective [blood and hot.] As warm as blood in its natural temperature.

Blood-Hound

BLOOD'-HOUND, noun [blood and hound.]

A species of canis or dog, with long, smooth and pendulous ears, remarkable for the acuteness of its smell, and employed to recover game which had escaped wounded from the hunter, by tracing the lost animal by the blood it had spilt; whence the name of the dog.

Encyc.

Bloodily

BLOOD'ILY, adverb In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.

Shak.

Bloodiness

BLOOD'INESS, noun The state of being bloody; disposition to shed blood.

Blooding

BLOOD'ING, participle of the present tense Letting blood; staining with blood; inuring to blood, as a hound.

Bloodless

BLOOD'LESS, adjective Without blood; dead.

2. Without shedding of blood or slaughter; as a bloodless victory.

Shak. Waller.

3. Without spirit or activity.

Shak.

Blood-Let

BLOOD-LET, verb transitive To bleed; to let blood.

Arbuthnot.

Blood-Letter

BLOOD'-LETTER, noun One who lets blood, as in diseases; a phlebotomist.

Wiseman.

Bloodletting

BLOOD'LETTING, noun [blood and let.] The act of letting blood, or bleeding by opening a vein.

Bloodpudding

BLOOD'PUDDING, noun [blood and pudding.]

A pudding made with blood and other materials.

Blood-Red

BLOOD'-RED, noun Red as blood.

Blood-Root

BLOOD'-ROOT, noun A plant so named from its color; a species of sanguinaria, called also puccoon, turmeric and red root.

Bigelow.

Bloodshed

BLOOD'SHED, noun [blood and shed.] The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; waste of life; the crime of shedding blood.

Spenser.

Bloodshedder

BLOOD'SHEDDER, noun One who sheds blood; a murderer.

Bloodshedding

BLOOD'SHEDDING, noun The shedding of blood; the crime of shedding blood.

Homilies.

Bloodshot

BLOOD'SHOT, adjective [blood and shoot.] Red and inflamed by a turgid state of the blood vessels, as in diseases of the eye.

Garth.

Bloodsnake

BLOOD'SNAKE, noun A species of snake, the haemorrhus.

Ash.

Blood-Spavin

BLOOD'-SPAVIN, noun [blood and spavin.]

A dilatation of the vein that runs along the inside of the hock of a horse, forming a soft swelling.

Encyc.

Blood-Stained

BLOOD'-STAINED, adjective Stained with blood; also, guilty of murder.

Bloodstone

BLOOD'STONE, noun [blood and stone.] A stone, imagined, if worn as an amulet, to be a good preventive of bleeding at the nose. [See Hematite.]

Blood-Sucker

BLOOD'-SUCKER, noun [blood and suck.]

Any animal that sucks blood, as a leech, a fly, &c. A cruel man; a murderer.

Blood-Sucking

BLOOD'-SUCKING, adjective That sucks or draws blood.

Shak.

Blood-Thirsty

BLOOD'-THIRSTY, adjective [blood and thirst.]

Desirous to shed blood; murderous.

Blood-Vessel

BLOOD'-VESSEL, noun [blood and vessel.]

Any vessel in which blood circulates in an animal body; an artery or a vein.

Blood-Warm

BLOOD'-WARM, adjective Warm as blood; luke warm.

Addison.

Blood-Wite

BLOOD'-WITE, noun [blood and wite, a fine or penalty.]

In ancient law, a fine or amercement, paid as a compositon for the shedding of blood.

Blood-Wood

BLOOD'-WOOD, noun [blood and wood.] A name given to log-wood, from its color.

Blood-Wort

BLOOD'-WORT, noun [blood and wort.] A plant, a species of Rumex.

Bloody

BLOOD'Y, adjective Stained with blood.

2. Cruel; murderous; given to the shedding of blood; or having a cruel, savage disposition; applied to animals.

3. Attended with bloodshed; marked by cruelty; applied to things; as a bloody battle.

Bloody

BLOOD'Y, verb transitive To stain with blood.

Overbury.

Bloody

BLOODY', adverb Very; as bloody sick, bloody drunk. [This is very vulgar.]

Bloody-Eyed

BLOOD'Y-EYED, adjective Having bloody or cruel eves.

Bloody-Faced

BLOOD'Y-FACED, adjective Having a bloody face or appearance.

Shak.

Bloody-Flux

BLOOD'Y-FLUX, noun [blood and flux.] The dysentery, a disease in which the discharges from the bowels have a mixture of blood.

Arbuthnot.

Bloody-Hand

BLOOD'Y-HAND, noun [blood and hand.] A hand stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the forest against venison.

Ash.

Bloody-Hunting

BLOOD'Y-HUNTING, adjective Hunting for blood.

Shak.

Bloody-Minded

BLOOD'Y-MINDED, adjective [blood and mind.]

Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; barbarous; inclined to shed blood.

Dryden.

Bloody-Red

BLOOD'Y-RED, adjective Having the color of blood.

Bloody-Sceptered

BLOODY-SCEP'TERED, adjective Having a scepter obtained by blood or slaughter.

Shak.

Bloody-Sweat

BLOOD'Y-SWEAT, noun [blood and sweat.]

A sweat, accompanied by a discharge of blood; also a disease, called sweating sickness, which formerly prevailed in England and other countries.

Bloom

BLOOM, noun [Gothic bloma; Dutch bloem; German blume; Swedish blomme; Danish blomster; Welsh bloden, blawd, from the root of blow; Saxon blowan, contracted from blodan, or blothan. Blossom is a dialectical form of the word, from the same root. See Blossom.]

1. Blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud.

While opening blooms diffuse their sweets around.

Pope.

2. The opening of flowers in general; flowers open, or in a state of blossoming; as, the trees are clothed with bloom.

3. The state of youth, resembling that of blossoms; a state of opening manhood, life, beauty, and vigor; a state of health and growth, promising higher perfection; as the bloom of youth.

4. The blue color upon plums and grapes newly gathered.

Johnson.

Bloom

BLOOM, verb intransitive To produce or yield blossoms; to flower.

2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show the beauty of youth; as blooming graces.

Bloom

BLOOM, verb transitive To put forth as blossoms.

Charitable affection bloomed them.

[Not in use.]

Hooker.

Bloom

BLOOM, noun [Saxon bloma, a mass or lump; Welsh plwm; Armoric plom, plowm, or bloum; French plomb; Spanish plomo; Italian piomba; Latin plumbum, lead, properly a lump.]

A mass of iron that has passed the blomary, or undergone the first hammering.

Blooming

BLOOM'ING, participle of the present tense Opening in blossoms; flowering; thriving in the health, beauty, and vigor of youth; showing the beauties of youth.

His blooming laurels graced the muse's seat.

Trumbull.

Bloomingly

BLOOM'INGLY, adverb In a blooming manner.

Bloomy

BLOOM'Y, adjective Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth; as a bloomy spray; bloomy beauties.

Blore

BLORE, noun [This is a different orthography of blare, which see.]

The act of blowing; a blast. [Not used.]

Chapman.

Blossom

BLOS'SOM, noun [Saxon blosm, blosma, blostm, blostma, and blosan, a blossom; blosmian,

blostmian, to blossom; Dutch bloessem, a blossom; German blÃƒ-¼the, a blossom; allied perhaps to German bloss, Danish blot, naked; German blÃƒ-¶ssen, Danish blotter, to uncover; Welsh bloden, a flower, blodeuaw, to blossom, from blawd, meal, bloom; Greek, a bud, probably from the same root; Syriac to germinate, to flourish, to put forth leaves.]

1. The flower or corol of a plant; a general term, applicable to every species of tree or plant, but more generally used than flower or bloom, when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we use flowers, when we speak of shrubs cultivated for ornament; and bloom, in a more general sense, as flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers.

2. This word is used to denote the color of a horse, that has his hair white, but intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; otherwise, peach-colored.

Encyc.

Blossom

BLOS'SOM, verb intransitive To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.

2. To flourish and prosper.

The desert shall blossom as the rose. Isaiah 35.

Blossoming

BLOS'SOMING, participle of the present tense Putting forth flowers; blowing.

Blossoming

BLOS'SOMING, noun The blowing or flowering of plants.

Blot

BLOT, verb transitive [Gothic blauthjan; Swedish plottra; Danish plet, a spot, stain, blot; pletter, to blot or stain; Latin litura, [whence lituro, oblitero,] without the prefix; and Dutch kladden, with a different one.]

1. To spot with ink; to stain or bespatter with ink; as, to blot a paper.

2. To obliterate writing or letters with ink, so as to render the characters invisible, or not distinguishable; generally with out; as, to blot out a word or a sentence.

3. To efface; to erase; to cause to be unseen, or forgotten; to destroy; as, to blot out a crime, or the remembrance of any thing.

4. To stain with infamy; to tarnish; to disgrace; to disfigure.

Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood.

Rowe.

5. To darken.

He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane.

Cowley.

6. In scripture, to blot one out of the book of life, is to reject him from the number of those who are to be saved. To blot out a name, a person or a nation, is to destroy the person or nation; to exterminate or consume. To blod out sins, is to forgive them. Sins are compared to debts, which are recorded in God's book of remembrance, and when paid, are crossed or cancelled.

Blot

BLOT, noun A spot or stain on paper, usually applied to ink.

2. An obliteration of something written or printed.

Dryden.

3. A spot in reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish.

Shak.

4. Censure; scorn; reproach.

He that rebuketh the wicked getteth a blot. Proverbs 9.

5. In backgammon, when a single man lies open to be taken up.

Johnson.

Blotch

BLOTCH, noun [Saxon bloetha, a scab or leprous affection.]

A pustule upon the skin; an eruption, usually of a large kind.

Blotch

BLOTCH, verb transitive To blacken.

Harmar.

Blote

BLOTE, verb transitive [The affinities of this word are not clearly ascertained. In Saxon blotan is to sacrifice; in Gothic to serve or worship; in Armoric bloda is to soften; Welsh plyz, soft; plyzaw, to soften; Dan blÃƒ-¶der, Swedish bl\?\ta, to soften.]

To dry and smoke; as, to blote herrings.

Bloted

BLO'TED, participle passive Smoked and dried.

Blotted

BLOT'TED, participle passive Stained; spotted; erased.

Blotter

BLOT'TER, noun In counting houses, a waste book.

Blotting

BLOT'TING, participle of the present tense Spotting with ink; obliterating; staining.

Blow

BLOW, noun [This probably is a contracted word, and the primary sense must be, to strike, thrust, push, or throw, that is, to drive. I have not found it in the cognate dialects. If g or other palatal letter is lost, it corresponds in elements with the Latin plaga, Greek, Latin fligo, flog. But blow, a stroke, is written like the verb to blow, the Latin flo, and blow, to blossom. The letter lost is probably a dental, and the original was blod or bloth, in which case, the word has the elements of loud, laudo, claudo, lad, &c.]

1. The act of striking; more generally the stroke; a violent application of the hand, fist, or an instrument to an object.

2. The fatal stroke; a stroke that kills; hence, death.

3. An act of hostility; as, the nation which strikes the first blow. Hence, to come to blows, is to engage in combat, whether by individuals, armies, fleets or nations; and when by nations, it is war.

4. A sudden calamity; a sudden or severe evil. In like manner, plaga in Latin gives rise to the plague.

5. A single act; a sudden event; as, to gain or lose a province at a blow, or by one blow.

At a stroke is used in like manner.

6. An ovum or egg deposited by a fly, on flesh or other substance, called a fly-blow.

Blow

BLOW, verb intransitive pret. blew; pp. blown. [Saxon blawen, blowan, to blow as wind; blowan, to blossom or blow, as a flower; Dutch bloeyen, to blossom; German blÃƒ-¤hen, to swell or inflate; Latin flo, to blow. This word probably is from the same root as bloom, blossom, blow, a flower; Welsh bloden. See Blossom.]

1. To make a current of air; to move as air; as, the wind blows. Often used with it; as, it blows a gale.

2. To pant; to puff; to breathe hard or quick.

Here is Mrs. Page at the door, sweating and blowing.

Shak.

3. To breathe; as, to blow hot and cold.

L'Estrange.

4. To sound with being blown, as a horn or trumpet.

Milton.

5. To flower; to blossom; to bloom; as plants.

How blows the citron grove.

Milton.

To blow over, to pass away without effect; to cease or be dissipated; as, the storm or the clouds are blown over.

To blow up, to rise in the air; also, to be broken and scattered by the explosion of gunpowder.

Blow

BLOW, verb transitive To throw or drive a current of air upon; as, to blow the fire; also, to fan.

2. To drive by a current of air; to impel; as, the tempest blew the ship ashore.

3. To breathe upon, for the purpose of warming; as, to blow the fingers in a cold day.

Shak.

4. To sound a wind instrument; as, blow the trumpet.

5. To spread by report.

And through the court his courtesy was blown.

Dryden.

6. To deposit eggs, as flies.

7. To form bubbles by blowing.

8. To swell and inflate, as veal; a practice of butchers.

9. To form glass into a particular shape by the breath, as in glass manufactories.

10. To melt tin, after being first burnt to destroy the mundie.

Encyc.

To blow away, to dissipate; to scatter with wind.

To blow down, to prostrate by wind.

To blow off, to shake down by wind, as to blow off fruit from trees; to drive from land, as to blow off a ship.

To blow out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle.

To blow up, to fill with air; to swell; as, to blow up a bladder or a bubble.

2. To inflate; to puff up; as, to blow up one with flattery.

3. To kindle; as, to blow up a contention.

4. To burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by the explosion of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scatter or bring to naught suddenly; as, to blow up a scheme.

To blow upon, to make stale; as, to blow upon an author's works.

Addison.

Blow

BLOW, noun A flower; a blossom. This word is in general use in the U. States, and legitimate. In the Tatler, it is used for blossoms in general, as we use blowth.

2. Among seamen, a gale of wind. This also is a legitimate word, in general use in the U. States.

Blow-Ball

BLOW-BALL, noun [blow and ball.] The flower of the dandelion.

B. Jonson.

Blower

BLOWER, noun One who blows; one who is employed in melting tin.

2. A plate of iron for drawing up a fire in a stove chimney.

Mason.

Blowing

BLOWING, participle of the present tense Making a current of air; breathing quick; sounding a wind instrument; inflating; impelling by wind; melting tin.

Blowing

BLOWING, noun The motion of wind or act of blowing.

Blown

BLOWN, participle passive Driven by wind; fanned; sounded by blowing; spread by report; swelled; inflated; expanded as a blossom.

Blow-Pipe

BLOW-PIPE, noun [blow and pipe.] An instrument by which a blast or current of air is driven through the flame of a lamp or candle, and that flame directed upon a mineral substance, to fuse or vitrify it.

Blow-pipe of the artist, a conical tube of brass, glass or other substance, usually a quarter of an inch in diameter at one end, and capillary or nearly so at the other, where it is bent nearly to a right angle. This is used to propel a jet of air from the lungs, through the flame of a lamp or candle, upon the substance to be fused.

Blow-pipe of the mineralogist, the same instrument substantially as the foregoing, but usually fitted with an ivory or silver mouth-piece, and with several movable jets to produce flames of different sizes. Its office is to produce instantly a furnace heat, on minute fragments of mineral substances, supported on charcoal, by platina forceps, &c.

Compound Blow-pipe of Dr. Hare, invented in 1821, an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, propelled by hydrostatic or other pressure, coming from separate reservoirs, in the proportions requisite to form water, are made to unite in a capillary orifice, at the moment when they are kindled. The heat produced, when the focus is formed on charcoal or any non-conducting substance, is such as to melt every thing but the diamond, to burn the metals, and to dissipate in vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances.

The blow-pipe of Newman, Clarke, &c., is the compound blow-pipe of Dr. Hare, with some unimportant modifications.

Silliman.

Blow-Point

BLOW-POINT, noun [blow and point.] A kind of play among children.

Johnson.

Blowth

BLOWTH, noun [Irish blath, blaith, a flower or blossom; Dutch bloeizel; German blÃƒ-¼the.]

Bloom, or blossom, or that which is expanded. It signifies bloom or blossoms in general, or the state of blossoming. Thus we say, trees are now in their blowth, or they have a full blowth.

Blowze

BLOWZE, n. blowz. [From the same root as blush, which see.]

A ruddy fat-faced woman.

Hall.

Blowzy

BLOWZ'Y, adjective Ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored.

Blub

BLUB, verb transitive To swell. [Not in use. See Bleb.]

Blubber

BLUB'BER, noun [See Blobber, Blob and Bleb.]

1. A blobber, or bubble; a common vulgar word, but legitimate.

2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals, of which is made train-oil. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh.

3. Sea nettle, or sea blubber, the medusa.

Encyc.

Blubber

BLUB'BER, verb intransitive To weep in such a manner as to swell the cheeks.

Johnson.

If I mistake not, this word carries with it the idea of weeping, so as to slaver.

Blubber

BLUB'BER, verb transitive To swell the cheeks or disfigure the face with weeping.

Blubbered

BLUB'BERED, participle passive Swelled; big; turgid; as a blubbered lip.

Blubbering

BLUB'BERING, participle of the present tense Weeping so as to swell the cheeks.

Bludgeon

BLUD'GEON, noun [Gothic blyggwan, to strike.]

A short stick, with one end loaded or thicker and heavier than the other, and used as an offensive weapon by low persons.

Blue

BLUE, a. blu. [Saxon bleo, bleoh, bleow, color; Dutch blaauw; German blau; Danish blaae; Swedish blÃƒ-¥, blue; Swedish bly, Danish blye, German blei, lead, so named from its color; Slav. plavu; French bleu; Cornish blou.]

One of the seven colors, into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism. There are various shades of blue, as sky-blue, or azure, Prussian blue, indigo blue, smalt blue, &c.

Kirwan. Encyc.

Prussian blue, a combination of the oxyd of iron with an acid called ferro-prussic.

Ure.

Blue

BLU'E, verb transitive To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, &c.

Blue-Bird

BLU'E-BIRD, noun [blue and bird.] A small bird, a species of Motacilla, very common in the U. States. The upper part of the body is blue, and the throat and breast, of a dirty red. It makes its nest in the hole of a tree.

Blue-Bonnet

BLU'E-BONNET, noun [blue and bonnet.] A plant, a species of Centaurea.

Fam. of Plants.

Blue-Bottle

BLU'E-BOTTLE, noun [blue and bottle.] A plant, a species of Centaurea, called Cyanus, which grows among corn. This and the former plant receive their names from their blue funnel-shaped flowers.

2. A fly with a large blue belly.

Johnson.

Blue-Cap

BLU'E-CAP, noun [blue and cap.] A fish of the salmon kind, with blue spots on its head.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Blue-Eyed

BLU'E-EYED, adjective Having blue eyes.

Dryden.

Blue-Fish

BLU'E-FISH, noun [blue and fish.] A fish, a species of Coryphaena, of the order of thoracics, found about the Bahamas, and on the coast of Cuba.

Encyc.

Blue-Haired

BLU'E-HAIRED, adjective Having hair of a blue color.

Milton.

Blue-John

BLU'E-JOHN, noun Among miners, fluor spar, a mineral, found in the mines of Derby-shire, and fabricated into vases and other ornamental figures.

Encyc.

Bluely

BLU'ELY, adverb With a blue color.

Swift.

Blueness

BLU'ENESS, noun The quality of being blue; a blue color.

Boyle.

Blue-Throat

BLU'E-THROAT, noun [blue and throat.] A bird with a tawny breast, marked with a sky-blue crescent, inhabiting the northern parts of Europe and Asia.

Blue-Veined

BLU'E-VEINED, adjective Having blue veins or streaks.

Shak.

Bluff

BLUFF, adjective [Perhaps allied to Welsh llwf, leap, from shooting forward.] Big; surly; blustering.

Dryden.

Bluff

BLUFF, noun A high bank, almost perpendicular, projecting into the sea; a high bank presenting a steep front.

Belknap. Mar. Dict.

Bluff-Bowed

BLUFF'-BOWED, adjective [bluff and bow.] Having broad and flat bows.

Mar. Dict.

Bluff-Headed

BLUFF'-HEADED, adjective [bluff and head.] Having an upright stem.

Mar. Dict.

Bluffness

BLUFF'NESS, noun A swelling or bloatedness; surliness.

World.

Bluish

BLU'ISH, adjective Blue in a small degree.

Pope.

Bluishness

BLU'ISHNESS, noun A small degree of blue color.

Boyle.

Blunder

BLUN'DER, verb intransitive [This word seems to be allied to the Greek, to err, and to flounder. The sense of the latter is to move with sudden jerks, and irregular motions. In Danish blunder is to wink, twinkle or dissemble; allied to French loin.]

1. To mistake grossly; to err widely or stupidly.

Johnson.

2. To move without direction, or steady guidance; to plunge at an object; to move, speak or write with sudden and blind precipitance; as, to blunder upon a reason; to blunder round a meaning.

Pope.

3. To stumble, as a horse; a common use of the word.

Blunder

BLUN'DER, noun A mistake through precipitance, or without due exercise of judgment; a gross mistake.

Blunderbuss

BLUN'DERBUSS, noun [blunder, and Dutch bus, a tube; Danish bÃƒ-¶sse; Swedish bassa, a gun.]

A short gun or fire-arm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim.

Blunderer

BLUN'DERER, noun One who is apt to blunder, or to make gross mistakes; a careless person.

Blunderhead

BLUN'DERHEAD, noun [blunder and head.] A stupid fellow; one who blunders.

L'Estrange.

Blundering

BLUN'DERING, participle of the present tense Moving or acting with blind precipitance; mistaking grossly; stumbling.

Blunderingly

BLUN'DERINGLY, adverb In a blundering manner.

Lewis.

Blunt

BLUNT, adjective [from the root of Greek, to dull.]

1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.

2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment.

Shak.

3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.

Bacon.

4. Hard to penetrate. [Unusual.]

Pope.

Blunt

BLUNT, verb transitive To dull the edge or point, by making it thicker.

2. To repress or weaken any appetite, desire or power of the mind; to impair the force of any passion which affects the mind, or of any evil or good which affects the body; as, to blunt the edge of love, of pain, or of suffering.

Your ceaseless endeavors will be exerted to blunt the stings of pain.

Dwight.

Blunted

BLUNT'ED, participle passive Made dull; weakened; impaired; repressed.

Blunting

BLUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Making dull; repressing; impairing.

Blunting

BLUNT'ING, noun Restraint.

Taylor.

Bluntly

BLUNT'LY, adverb In a blunt manner; coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.

Bluntness

BLUNT'NESS, noun Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.

2. Coarseness of address; roughness of manners; rude sincerity or plainness.

Bluntwitted

BLUNT'WITTED, adjective [blunt and wit.] Dull; stupid.

Shak.

Blur

BLUR, noun [I have not found this word in any other language, but probably it is allied to the Welsh llur, black and blue, livid, Latin luridus.]

A dark spot; a stain; a blot, whether upon paper or other substance, or upon reputation.

South.

Blur

BLUR, verb transitive To obscure by a dark spot, or by any foul matter, without quite effacing.

2. To sully; to stain; to blemish; as, to blur reputation.

Butler.

Blurred

BLUR'RED, participle passive Darkened or stained; obscured.

Blurring

BLUR'RING, participle of the present tense Darkening or staining; spotting.

Blurt

BLURT, verb transitive [Allied probably to flirt, to throw.]

To throw out, or throw at random, hastily, or unadvisedly; to utter suddenly or inadvertently; commonly with out, and applied to words.

Young.

Blush

BLUSH, verb intransitive [Dutch bloozen; Swedish blyas, to blush; Danish blusser, to blaze or glisten; blussel, blushing; Dutch blos, a blush; Swedish bloss; Danish blus, a torch; Danish blues ved, to blush or be ashamed; Irish loise, loisi, flame. It implies a throwing out, or spreading. Flash may be from the same root. See Blaze.]

1. To redden in the cheeks or face; to be suddenly suffused with a red color in the cheeks or face, from a sense of guilt, shame, confusion, modesty, diffidence or surprise; followed by at or for, before the cause of blushing; as, blush at your vices; blush for your degraded country.

In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender is ashamed to blush.

Buckminster.

2. To bear a blooming red color, or any soft bright color; as the blushing rose.

He bears his blushing honors thick upon him.

Shak.

Shakspeare has used this word in a transitive sense, to make red, and it may be allowable in poetry.

Blush

BLUSH, noun A red color suffusing the cheeks only, or the face generally, and excited by confusion, which may spring from shame, guilt, modesty, diffidence or surprise.

The rosy blush of love.

Trumbull.

2. A red or reddish color.

3. Sudden appearance; a glance; a sense taken from the sudden suffusion of the face in blushing; as, a proposition appears absurd at first blush.

Locke.

Blushet

BLUSH'ET, noun A young modest girl. [Not used.]

Blushing

BLUSH'ING, participle of the present tense Reddening in the cheeks or face; bearing a bright color.

Blushless

BLUSH'LESS, adjective Unblushing; past blushing; impudent.

Marston.

Blushy

BLUSH'Y, adjective Like a blush; having the color of a blush.

Harvey.

Bluster

BLUS'TER, verb intransitive [Probably allied to blaze, blast; Danish blusser, to blaze, to rage.]

1. To be loud, noisy or swaggering; to bully; to puff; to swagger; as a turbulent or boasting person.

2. To roar, and be tumultuous, as wind; to be boisterous; to be windy; to hurry.

Bluster

BLUS'TER, noun Noise; tumult; boasting; boisterousness; turbulence; roar of a tempest; violent wind; hurry; any irregular noise and tumult from wind, or from vanity.

Blusterer

BLUS'TERER, noun A swaggerer; a bully; a noisy, tumultuous fellow, who makes great pretensions from vanity.

Blustering

BLUS'TERING, participle of the present tense Making a noise; puffing; boasting.

Blustering

BLUS'TERING, adjective Noisy; tumultuous; windy.

Blustrous

BLUS'TROUS, adjective Noisy; tumultuous; boastful.

Hudibras.

Bo

BO, exclam. [Welsh bw.] A word of terror; a customary sound uttered by children to frighten their fellows.

Boa

BO'A, noun A genus of serpents, of the class Amphibia, the characters of which are, the belly and tail are furnished with scuta. It includes the largest species of serpent, the constrictor, sometimes 30 or 40 feet long.

Cyc.

Boar

BOAR, noun [Saxon bar; Cornish bora, a boar; Dutch beer, a bear or boar; German eber, a boar, and a gimlet or auger; also, eberschwein, boarswine. Qu. Latin aper, and verres; Sanscrit varaha.]

The male of swine not castrated.

Boar-Spear

BOAR-SPEAR, noun A spear used in hunting boars.

Spenser.

Boar

BOAR, verb intransitive In the manege, a horse is said to boar, when he shoots out his nose, raising it as high as his ears, and tosses his nose in the wind.

Encyc.

Board

BOARD, noun [Saxon bord and bred, a board, or table; Gothic baurd; Swedish bord, and brode; Dutch boord, a board, a hem, border, margin; German bord, a board, a brim, bank, border; and bret, a board, or plank; Danish bord, a board, a table; broede, a board, or plank; and bred, a border; Welsh bwrz, a board or table; Irish bord, a table, a border. This word and broad seem to be allied in origin, and the primary sense is to open or spread, whence broad, dilated.]

1. A piece of timber sawed thin and of considerable length and breadth, compared with the thickness, used for building and other purposes.

2. A table. The table of our rude ancestors was a piece of board, perhaps originally laid upon the knees. "Lauti cibum capiunt; separata singulis sedes, et sua cuique mensa." The Germans wash before they eat, and each has a separate seat, and his own table. Tacitus. De Mor. Germ. 22.

3. Entertainment; food; diet; as, the price of board is two, five, or seven dollars a week.

4. A table at which a council or court is held; hence a council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting; as a board of directors.

5. The deck of a ship; the interior part of a ship or boat; used in the phrase, on board, aboard. In this phrase however the sense is primarily the side of the ship. To go aboard is to go over the side.

6. The side of a ship. [French bord; Spanish borda.]

Now board to board, the rival vessels row.

Dryden.

To fall over board, that is, over the side; the mast went by the board.

Board and board, side by side.

7. The line over which a ship runs between tack and tack. To make a good board, is to sail in a straight line, when close hauled.

To make short boards, is to tack frequently.

Mar. Dict.

8. A table for artificers to sit or work on.

9. A table or frame for a game; as a chess board, &c.

10. A body of men constituting a quorum in session; a court, or council; as a board of trustees; a board of officers.

Board

BOARD, verb transitive To lay or spread with boards; to cover with boards.

2. To enter a ship by force in combat, which answers to storming a city or fort on land.

3. To attack; to make the first attempt upon a man. In Spenser, to accost. [French aborder.] Obs.

Bacon. Shak.

4. To place at board, for a compensation, as a lodger.

5. To furnish with food, or food and lodging, for a compensation; as, a man boards ten students.

Board

BOARD, verb intransitive To receive food or diet as a lodger or without lodgings, for a compensation; as, he boards at the moderate price of two dollars a week.

Boardable

BOARDABLE, adjective That may be boarded, as a ship.

Boarded

BOARDED, participle passive Covered with boards; entered by armed men, as a ship; furnished with food for a compensation.

Boarder

BOARDER, noun One who has food or diet and lodging in another's family for a reward.

2. One who boards a ship in action; one who is selected to board ships.

Mar. Dict.

Boarding

BOARDING, participle of the present tense Covering with boards; entering a ship by force; furnishing or receiving board, as a lodger, for a reward.

Boarding-School

BOARDING-SCHOOL, noun A school, the scholars of which board with the teacher.

Board-Wages

BOARD-WAGES, noun Wages allowed to servants to keep themselves in victuals.

Dryden.

Boarish

BOARISH, adjective [from boar.] Swinish; brutal; cruel.

Shak.

Boast

BOAST, verb intransitive [Welsh bostiaw, to boast, to toss or throw; German pausten, to blow, swell, bounce; Swedish pusa, Danish puster, id. Qu. Greek, to inflate; Russian chvastayu, to boast; Latin fastus.]

1. To brag, or vaunt one's self; to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one's own worth, property, or actions.

Not of works, lest any man should boast. Ephesians 2:9.

2. To glory; to speak with laudable pride and ostentation of meritorious persons or things.

I boast of you to them of Macedonia. St. Paul. 2 Corinthians 9.

Usually, it is followed by of; sometimes by in.

3. To exalt one's self.

With your mouth you have boasted against me. Ezek.

Boast

BOAST, verb transitive To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity or exultation, with a view to self-commendation.

Lest men should boast their specious deeds.

Milton.

2. To magnify or exalt.

They boast themselves in the multitude of their riches. Psalm 49.

3. To exult in confident expectation.

Boast not thyself of to-morrow. Proverbs 27.

Boast

BOAST, noun Expression of ostentation, pride or vanity; a vaunting.

Thou makest thy boast of the law. Romans 2.

2. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride, vanity, or laudable exultation.

Trial by peers is the boast of the British nation.

Boaster

BOASTER, noun One who boasts, glories or vaunts ostentatiously.

Boyle.

Boastful

BOASTFUL, adjective Given to boasting; ostentatious of personal worth or actions.

Shak.

Boasting

BOASTING, participle of the present tense Talking ostentatiously; glorying; vaunting.

Boasting

BOASTING, noun Ostentatious display of personal worth, or actions; a glorying or vaunting.

Where is boasting then? Romans 3.

Boastingly

BOASTINGLY, adverb In an ostentatious manner; with boasting.

Boastive

BOASTIVE, adjective Presumptuous. [Unusual.]

Shenstone.

Boastless

BOASTLESS, adjective Without ostentation.

Thomson.

Boat

BOAT, noun [Saxon and Swedish bat; Danish baad; Welsh bÃƒ-¢d; Irish bad; Dutch boot; German bot, a boat; Italian dim. battello, a little boat, whence French bateau, Spanish bote, a boat.]

1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by oars, or rowing. The forms, dimensions and uses of boats are very various, and some of them carry a light sail. The different kinds of boats have different names; as, long-boat, lanch, barge, pinnace, jolly-boat, cutter, yawl, ferry-boat, wherry, Moses-boat, punt, felucca, fishing-boat, perogue, &c.

2. A small vessel carrying a mast and sails; but usually described by another word, as a packet-boat, passage-boat, advice-boat, &c.

Johnson.

Boat

BOAT, verb transitive To transport in a boat; as, to boat goods across a lake.

Report on Canals. Ash.

Boatable

BOATABLE, adjective Navigable for boats, or small river craft.

Ramsay.

Boat-Bill

BOAT-BILL, noun [boat and bill.] A genus of birds, the Cancroma, of two species, the crested and the brown; but by some ornithologists, they are considered as varieties of the same species. They are of the grallic order, with a bill four inches long, not unlike a boat with the keel uppermost, or like the bowls of two spoons, with the hollow parts placed together.

Encyc.

Boat-Fly

BOAT-FLY or BOAT-INSECT, noun A genus of insects, hemipters, known in zoology by the generic term Notonecta.

Encyc.

Boat-Hook

BOAT-HOOK, noun [boat and hook.] An iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat.

Mar. Dict.

Boating

BOATING, participle of the present tense Transporting in boats.

Boating

BOATING, noun The act or practice of transporting in boats.

2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders by laying them on the back in a boat which is covered, where they perish.

Encyc.

Boation

BOA'TION, noun [Latin boo.] A crying out; a roar. [Not used.]

Derham.

Boatman

BOATMAN, or BOATSMAN, noun [boat and man.] A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.

Dryden. Prior.

Boat-Rope

BOAT-ROPE, noun [boat and rope.] A rope to fasten a boat, usually called a painter.

Boat-Shaped

BOAT-SHAPED, adjective Having the shape of a boat; navicular; cymbiform; hollow like a boat; as the valve of some pericarps.

Martyn.

Boatswain

BOATSWAIN, noun In seamen's language, bosn. [Saxon batswein, from bat, boat, and swein, swain, a boy or servant.]

An officer on board of ships, who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables and cordage. His office is also, to summon the crew to their duty, to relieve the watch, assist in the necessary business of the ship, seize and punish offenders, &c. He has a mate who has charge of the long-boat, for setting forth and weighing anchors, warping, towing and mooring.

Mar. Dict. Encyc. Johnson.

Bob

BOB, noun Any little round thing, that plays loosely at the end of a string, cord, or movable machine; a little ornament or pendant that hangs so as to play loosely.

Dryden.

Our common people apply the word to a knot of worms, on a string, used in fishing for eels.

2. The words repeated at the end of a stanza.

L'Estrange.

3. A blow; a shake or jog; a jeer or flout.

Ainsworth. Ascham.

4. The ball of a short pendulum.

Encyc.

5. A mode of ringing.

Johnson.

6. A bob-wig.

Shenstone.

Bob

BOB, verb transitive To beat; to shake or jog.

Shak.

2. To cheat; to gain by fraud.

Shak.

3. To mock or delude.

Ainsworth.

4. To cut short.

Bob

BOB, verb intransitive To play backward and forward; to play loosely against any thing.

Dryden.

2. To angle, or fish for eels, or to catch eels with a bob.

Encyc.

Bobance

BOBANCE, n. bobans'. A boasting. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Bobbed

BOB'BED, participle passive Beat or shaken; cheated; gained by fraud; deluded.

Bobbin

BOB'BIN, noun [French bobine; Dutch babyn.] A small pin or cylindrical piece of wood, with a head, on which thread is wound for making lace. A similar instrument, bored through to receive an iron pivot, and with a border at each end, is used in spinning, to wind thread or silk on; a spool.

Bobbing

BOB'BING, participle of the present tense Playing back and forth; striking; cheating; angling for eels.

Bobbinwork

BOB'BINWORK, noun [bobbin and work.]

Work woven with bobbins.

Grew.

Bob-Cherry

BOB'-CHERRY, noun [bob and cherry.] Among children, a play in which a cherry is hung so as to bob against the mouth.

Johnson.

Bobo

BO'BO, noun A mexican fish, two feet long, in high esteem for food.

Clavigero.

Bobstays

BOB'STAYS, noun [bob and stay.] Ropes to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to the stem.

Mar. Dict.

Bobtail

BOB'TAIL, noun [bob and tail.] A short tail, or a tail cut short.

Shak.

2. The rabble; used in contempt.

Bramston.

Bob-Tailed

BOB'-TAILED, adjective Having the hair cut short.

L'Estrange.

Bob-Wig

BOB-WIG, noun [bob and wig.] A short wig.

Spectator.

Bocaque

BOCAQUE or BOCAKE, noun An animal found on the banks of the Nieper, resembling a rabbit, except that its ears are shorter, and it has no tail.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bocasine

BOC'ASINE, noun [French] A sort of fine linen or buckram.

Johnson.

Boce

BOCE, noun The sparus, a beautiful fish.

Ash.

Bockelet

BOCK'ELET, or BOCK'ERET, noun A kind of long-winged hawk.

Johnson.

Bockland

BOCKLAND. [See Bookland.]

Encyc.

Bode

BODE, verb transitive [Saxon bodian, bodigan, to foretell, to utter or announce; bod, an order, mandate or edict; boda, a messenger, or preacher; Swedish bod, a message, an embassy; beboda, to tell or relate; Saxon gebodian, to offer or bid, to relate, tell or announce, to command, to show, to promise. Radically, this is the same word as bid, which see. The radical sense is, to utter, to drive out the voice.]

To portend; to foreshow; to presage; to indicate something future by signs; to be the omen of; most generally applied to things; as, our vices bode evil to the country.

Bode

BODE, verb intransitive To foreshow; to presage.

This bodes well to you.

Dryden.

Bode

BODE, noun An omen.

Chaucer.

2. A stop. [See Abide.]

Bodement

BO'DEMENT, noun An omen; portent; prognostic; a fore-showing. Obs.

Shak.

Bodge

BODGE, verb intransitive [See Boggle.] To boggle; to stop. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bodge

BODGE, noun A botch. [Not used.]

Whitlock.

Bodice

BOD'ICE, noun Stays; a waistcoat, quilted with whalebone; worn by women.

Johnson.

Bodied

BOD'IED, adjective [from body.] Having a body.

Shak.

Bodiless

BOD'ILESS, adjective [See Body.] Having no body or material form; incorporeal.

Davies.

Bodily

BOD'ILY, adjective Having or containing a body or material form; corporeal; as bodily dimensions.

South.

2. Relating or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind; as bodily defects; bodily pain.

Locke.

3. Real; actual; as bodily act.

Shak.

Bodily

BOD'ILY, adverb Corporeally; united with a body or matter.

It is his human nature, is which the Godhead dwells bodily.

Watts.

Boding

BO'DING, participle of the present tense [from bode.] Foreshowing; presaging.

Boding

BO'DING, noun An omen.

Bp. Ward.

Bodkin

BOD'KIN, noun [Irish bod, a limb, that is, a point, a shoot, with the termination kin, used as a diminutive; Greek, a thorn.]

1. An instrument of steel, bone, ivory or the like, with a small blade, and a sharp point, for making holes by piercing. A like instrument with an eye, for drawing thread, tape, or ribin through a loop, &c. An instrument to dress the hair.

Johnson.

2. A dagger. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Bodleian

BOD'LEIAN, adjective Pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, who founded a celebrated library in the 16th century.

Body

BOD'Y, noun [Saxon bodig, stature, trunk, spine, body; that which is set or fixed.]

1. The frame of an animal; the material substance of an animal, in distinction from the living principle of beasts, and the soul of man.

Be not anxious for your body.

Matthew. Luke.

2. Matter, as opposed to spirit.

Hooker.

3. A person; a human being; sometimes alone; more generally, with some or no; as, somebody; nobody.

4. Reality, as opposed to representation.

A shadow of things to come, but the body is of Christ. Colossians 2.

5. A collective mass; a number of individuals or particulars united; as the body of mankind. Christians united or the Church is called the body, of which each Christian is a member, and Christ the head. 1 Corinthians 12:12. 27.

6. The main army, in distinction from the wings, van or rear. Also, any number of forces under one commander.

Clarendon.

7. A corporation; a number of men, united by a common tie, by one form of government, or by occupation; as the legislative body; the body of the clergy; body corporate; body politic.

8. The main part; the bulk; as the body of a tree; the body of a coach, of a ship, &c.

9. Any extended solid substance; matter; any substance or mass distinct from others; as a metaline body; a floating body; a moving body; a light body; a heavy body.

10. A pandect; a general collection; a code; a system; as a body of laws; a body of divinity.

11. Strength; as wine of a good body.

12. Among painters, colors bear a body, when they are capable of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color.

Encyc.

13. The unrenewed part of man, or sensual affections.

But I keep under my body. 1 Corinthians 9.

14. The extent; the limits.

Cause to come here on such a day, twelve free and lawful menÃ‚--from the body of your county.

Form of a venire facias.

Body

BOD'Y, verb transitive To produce in some form.

Imagination bodies forth the forms of things.

Shak.

Body-Clothes

BOD'Y-CLOTHES, n. plu. [body and cloth.]

Clothing or covering for the body, as for a horse.

Addison.

Body-Guard

BOD'Y-GUARD, noun The guard that protects or defends the person; the life guard. Hence, security.

Porteus.

Bog

BOG, noun [Irish bog, soft; bogach, a marsh; bogha, a bow; boghaim, to bend; Sax bugan; Dutch boogen, to bend. Soft is flexible, yielding to pressure, bending. See Bow.]

1. A quagmire covered with grass or other plants. It is defined by marsh, and morass, but differs from a marsh, as a part from the whole. Wet grounds are bogs, which are the softest and too soft to bear a man; marshes or fens, which are less soft, but very wet; and swamps, which are soft spongy land, upon the surface, but sustain man and beast, and are often mowed.

2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, in marshes and swamps, filled with roots and grass. [This is a common use of the word in New-England.]

Bog

BOG, verb transitive To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire.

Jonson.

Bog-Bean

BOG'-BEAN, noun [bog and bean; called buck-bean.]

Menyanthes, a plant, the marsh-trefoil, which grows in moist and marshy places.

Fam. of Plants.

Bog-Berry

BOG'-BERRY, noun [bog and berry.] Vaccinium, a name of the cranberry growing in low lands and marshy places.

Fam. of Plants.

Boggle

BOG'GLE, verb intransitive [Qu. Welsh bwgwl, a terrifying.]

1. To doubt; to hesitate; to stop, as if afraid to proceed, or as if impeded by unforeseen difficulties; to play fast and loose.

We boggle at every unusual appearance.

Granville.

2. To dissemble.

Howell.

Boggle

BOG'GLE, verb transitive To embarrass with difficulties; a popular or vulgar use of the word in the United States.

Boggled

BOG'GLED, participle passive Perplexed and impeded by sudden difficulties; embarrassed.

Boggler

BOG'GLER, noun A doubter; a timorous man.

Shak.

Boggling

BOG'GLING, participle of the present tense Starting or stopping at difficulties; hesitating.

Bogglish

BOG'GLISH, adjective Doubtful. [Not used.]

Taylor.

Boggy

BOG'GY, adjective [from bog.] Containing bogs; full of bogs.

Boghouse

BOG'HOUSE, noun [bog and house.] A house of office.

Bog-Land

BOG'-LAND, adjective [bog and land.] Living in or pertaining to a marshy country.

Dryden.

Bogle

BO'GLE or BOG'GLE, noun [Welsh bwg, a bugbear or goblin.] A bugbear.

Bog-Ore

BOG'-ORE, noun An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land.

Bog-Rush

BOG'-RUSH, noun [bog and rush.] A rush that grows in bogs, the Schoenus.

Pennant.

2. A bird, a species of warbler, of the size of a wren, of a testaceous brown color, seen among the bog-rushes of Schonen in Sweden.

Pennant.

Bog-Spavin

BOG'-SPAVIN, noun [bog and spavin.] In horses, an encysted tumor on the inside of the hough, containing a gelatinous matter.

Encyc.

Bog-Trotter

BOG'-TROTTER, noun [bog and trot.] One who lives in a boggy country.

Johnson.

Bog-Whort

BOG'-WHORT, noun [bog and whort.] The bilberry or whortleberry growing in low lands.

Fam. of Plants.

Bohea

BOHE'A, noun [Grosier informs us that this is named from a mountain in China, called Vou-y or Voo-y. Vol. i. 467.]

A species of coarse or low priced tea from China; a species of black tea.

Boiar

BOI'AR or BOY'AR, noun In the Russian Empire, a nobleman; a lord; a person of quality; a soldier. This word answers nearly to Baron in Great Britain, and other countries in the west of Europe.

Tooke. Eton.

Boiarin

BOI'ARIN, noun In Russia, a gentleman; a person of distinction; the master of a family.

Tooke. Russian Dict.

Boiguacu

BOIGU'ACU, noun The largest of the serpent kind, and said to be forty feet long.

Bailey.

Boil

BOIL, verb intransitive [French bouillir; Latin bullio; Italian bollire; Spanish bullir, to boil; Latin bulla, a bubble; Russian bul, the noise of boiling water; Italian bolla, a bubble or blister; Ethiopic Amh. to boil; Welsh balau, to spring. Qu. Saxon weallan, to well, to boil.]

1. To swell, heave, or be agitated by the action of heat; to bubble; to rise in bubbles; as, the water boils. In a chimical sense, to pass from a liquid to an aeriform state or vapor, with a bubbling motion.

2. To be agitated by any other cause than heat; as, the boiling waves which roll and foam.

3. To be hot or fervid; to swell by native heat, vigor or irritation; as the boiling blood of youth; his blood boils with anger.

4. To be in boiling water; to suffer boiling heat in water or other liquid, for cookery or other purpose.

5. To bubble; to effervesce; as a mixture of acid and alkali.

To boil away, to evaporate by boiling.

To boil over, is to run over the top of a vessel, as liquor when thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of effervescence.

Boil

BOIL, verb transitive To dress or cook in boiling water; to seethe; to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling.

2. To prepare for some use in boiling liquor; as, to boil silk, thread or cloth. To form by boiling and evaporation. This word is applied to a variety of processes for different purposes; as, to boil salt, or su- gar, &c. In general, boiling is a violent agitation, occasioned by heat; to boil a liquor is to subject it to heat till it bubbles, and to boil any solid substance is to subject it to heat in a boiling liquid.

Boil

BOIL, noun [Dutch buil; German beule; Danish bylde; Saxon bile; Armoric buil, a blister; Swedish bula, a protuberance; Dutch bol, plump; German bolle, a bud, a gem; Irish buile, rage, madness; Pers. pallo, a wart, an ulcer, a boil; Welsh bal, a prominence.]

A tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness and inflammation; a sore angry swelling.

Boiled

BOIL'ED, participle passive Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of boiling liquor.

Boiler

BOIL'ER, noun A person who boils.

2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled. A large pan, or vessel of iron, copper or brass, used in distilleries, pot-ash works and the like, for boiling large quantities of liquor at once.

Boilery

BOIL'ERY, noun A place for boiling and the apparatus.

Boiling

BOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Bubbling; heaving in bubbles; being agitated as boiling liquor; swelling with heat, ardor or passion; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hot water.

Boiling

BOIL'ING, noun The act or state of bubbling; agitation by heat; ebullition; the act of dressing by hot water; the act of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heat.

Boiobi

BOIO'BI, noun A green snake, found in America, an ell in length, called by the Portuguese, cobra de verb. It is harmless, unless provoked; but its bite is noxious.

Encyc.

Boisterous

BOIS'TEROUS, adjective [Danish pust, a puff, a blast; puster, and Swedish pusta, to blow; Dutch byster; Danish bister, furious, raging; Welsh bwyst, wild, savage, whence, beast.]

1. Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; as a boisterous wind.

2. Turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; as a boisterous man.

3. Large; unwieldy; huge; clumsily violent; as a boisterous club. Obs.

Spencer.

4. Violent; as a boisterous heat.

Woodward.

Boisterously

BOIS'TEROUSLY, adverb Violently; furiously; with loud noise; tumultuously.

Boisterousness

BOIS'TEROUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness.

Boitiapo

BOITI'APO, noun A Brazilian serpent, about eight feet long, covered with triangular scales, of an olive or yellowish color, whose bite is mortal.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bolary

BO'LARY, adjective [See Bole.] Pertaining to bole or clay, or partaking of its nature and qualities.

Brown.

Bolbitine

BOL'BITINE, adjective An epithet given to one of the channels of the Nile, by which its waters are discharged into the Mediterranean. It is the second from West to East, but nearly filled with sand.

D'Anville. Encyc.

Bold

BOLD, adjective [Saxon bald, beald; Dutch bout, contracted; Italian baldo, bold; baldanza, presumption; imbaldanzire, to embolden. The sense is, open, forward, rushing forward.]

1. Daring; courageous; brave; intrepid; fearless; applied to men or other animals; as, bold as a lion.

2. Requiring courage in the execution; executed with spirit or boldness; planned with courage and spirit; as a bold enterprise.

3. Confident; not timorous.

We were bold in our God to speak to you. 1 Thessalonians 2.

4. In an ill sense, rude, forward, impudent.

5. Licentious; showing great liberty of fiction or expression; as, the figures of an author are bold.

6. Standing out to view; striking to the eye; as bold figures in painting, sculpture and architecture.

7. Steep; abrupt; prominent; as a bold shore, which enters the water almost perpendicularly, so that ships can approach near to land without danger.

Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears.

Trumbull.

To make bold, to take freedoms; a common, but not a correct phrase. To be bold is better.

Bold

BOLD, verb transitive To make daring. [Not used.]

Hall.

Bolden

BOLDEN, verb transitive To make bold; to give confidence. This is nearly disused; being superseded by embolden.

Ascham.

Bold-Face

BOLD-FACE, noun [bold and face.] Impudence; sauciness; a term of reprehension, and reproach.

L'Estrange.

Bold-Faced

BOLD-FACED, adjective Impudent.

Bramhall.

Boldly

BOLDLY, adverb In a bold manner; courageously; intrepidly; without timidity or fear; with confidence. Sometimes, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently.

Boldness

BOLDNESS, noun Courage; bravery; intrepidity; spirit; fearlessness. I cannot, with Johnson, interpret this word by fortitude or magnanimity. Boldness does not, I think, imply the firmness of mind, which constitutes fortitude, nor the elevation and generosity of magnanimity.

2. Prominence; the quality of exceeding the ordinary rules of scrupulous nicety and caution; applied to style, expression, and metaphors in language; and to figures in painting, sculpture and architecture.

3. Freedom from timidity; liberty.

Great is my boldness of speech towards you. 2 Corinthians 7.

4. Confidence; confident trust.

We have boldness and access with confidence. Ephesians 3.

5. Freedom from bashfulness; assurance; confident mien.

Bacon.

6. Prominence; steepness; as the boldness of the shore.

7. Excess of freedom, bordering on impudence.

Hooker.

Bole

BOLE, noun [Swedish bol; Danish bul.]

1. The body, or stem of a tree. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

2. A measure of corn, containing six bushels.

Mortimer.

Bole

BOLE, noun A kind of fine clay, often highly colored by iron. Its color is reddish yellow of various shades, often with a tinge of brown, sometimes passing to reddish, yellowish, or blackish brown, flesh red, or yellowish white. It is opake or a little translucid, especially at the edges, in the red and yellow varieties. It is compact and its fracture conchoidal. It is brittle, smooth, a little unctuous, and receives a polish from the finger nail. It adheres to the tongue, melts by degrees in the mouth, and impresses a slight sense of astringency.

Cleaveland.

Armenian bole is of a bright red color, with a tinge of yellow, harder than the other kinds, and of a rough dusty surface.

Bole of Blois is yellow, lighter than the other kinds, and it effervesces with acids.

Bohemian bole is of a yellow color, with a cast of red, and of a flaky texture.

French bole is of a pale red color, variegated with specks of white and yellow.

Lemnian bole is of a pale red color.

Silesian bole is of a pale yellow color.

Encyc.

Boletic

BOLET'IC, a. Boletic acid is the acid of Boletus, a genus of mushrooms.

Boletus

BOLE'TUS, noun [Latin] A genus of mushrooms, containing many species.

Bolis

BO'LIS, noun [Latin from Greek, a dart; to throw.]

A fire-ball darting through the air, followed by a train of light or sparks.

Boll

BOLL, noun [Welsh bul, a seed vessel; Saxon bolla, a bowl.]

The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax; a pericarp. Bole, a measure of six bushels, is sometimes written in this manner.

Boll

BOLL, verb intransitive To form into a pericarp or seedvessel.

The barley was in the ear and the flax was bolled. Exodus 9.

Hebrew, Greek, as translated by the seventy.

Bollard timbers, in a ship, or knight-heads, are two timbers, rising just within the stem, one on each side of the bowsprit, to secure its end.

Mar. Dict.

In docks, bollards are large posts set in the ground on each side, to which are lashed large blocks, through which are reeved the transporting hawsers for docking and undocking ships.

Encyc.

Bolognian Stone

BOLO'GNIAN STONE. bolo'nian stone. Radiated sulphate of barytes; found in roundish masses, composed of radiating fibers; first discovered near Bologna. It is phosphorescent, when calcined.

Bolster

BOLSTER, noun [Saxon and Swedish bolster; German polster; Danish bolster-dyne, a feather bed; Pers. balisht. In Dutch, bolster is a husk, cod or shell.]

1. A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of persons lying on a bed; generally laid under the pillows.

2. A pad, or quilt, used to hinder pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part a compress.

3. In sadlery, a part of a saddle raised upon the bows or hinder part, to hold the rider's thigh.

Farrier's Dict.

4. In ships, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred canvas, used to preserve the stays from being worn or chafed by the masts.

Mar. Dict.

Bolster

BOLSTER, verb transitive To support with a bolster, pillow or any soft pad or quilt.

2. To support; to hold up; to maintain.

Hooker. South.

3. To afford a bed to. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Bolstered

BOLSTERED, adjective Swelled out.

Bolsterer

BOLSTERER, noun A supporter.

Bolstering

BOLSTERING, noun A prop or support.

Taylor.

Bolt

BOLT, noun [Danish bolt; Russian bolt; Dutch bout; German bolzen; Saxon bolta, catapulta, that which is driven, from the root of Greek, Latin pello.]

1. An arrow; a dart; a pointed shaft.

Dryden.

2. A strong cylindrical pin, of iron or other metal, used to fasten a door, a plank, a chain, &c. In ships, bolts are used in the sides and decks, and have different names, as rag-bolts, eye-bolts, ring-bolts, chain-bolts, &c. In gunnery, there are prise-bolts, transom-bolts, traverse-bolts, and bracket-bolts.

3. A thunder-bolt; a stream of lightning, so named from its darting like a bolt.

4. The quantity of twenty-eight ells of canvas.

Encyc.

Bolt

BOLT, verb transitive To fasten or secure with a bolt, or iron pin, whether a door, a plank, fetters or any thing else.

2. To fasten; to shackle; to restrain.

Shak.

3. To blurt out; to utter or throw out precipitately.

I hate when vice can bolt her arguments.

Milton.

In this sense it is often followed by out.

4. [Norm. bulter, a bolting sieve. Qu. French bluter.] To sift or separate bran from flour. In America this term is applied only to the operation performed in mills.

5. Among sportsmen, to start or dislodge, used of coneys.

6. To examine by sifting; to open or separate the parts of a subject, to find the truth; generally followed by out. "Time and nature will bolt out thetruth of things." [Inclegant.]

L'Estrange.

7. To purify; to purge. [Unusual.]

Shak.

8. To discuss or argue; as at Gray's inn, where cases are privately discussed by students and barristers.

Encyc.

Bolt

BOLT, verb intransitive To shoot forth suddenly; to spring out with speed and suddenness; to start forth like a bolt; commonly followed by out; as, to bolt out of the house, or out of a den.

Dryden.

Bolt-Auger

BOLT-AUGER, noun [bolt and auger.] A large borer, used in ship-building.

Ash.

Bolt-Boat

BOLT-BOAT, noun [bolt and boat.] A strong boat that will endure a rough sea.

Ash.

Bolted

BOLTED, participle passive Made fast with a bolt; shot forth; sifted; examined.

Bolter

BOLTER, noun An instrument or machine for separating bran from flour or the coarser part of meal from the finer.

2. A kind of net.

Johnson.

Bolt-Head

BOLT-HEAD, noun [bolt and head.] A long straight-necked glass vessel for chimical distillations, called also a matrass or receiver.

Johnson.

Bolting

BOLTING, participle of the present tense Fastening with a bolt, or bolts; blurting out; shooting forth suddenly; separating bran from flour; sifting; examining; discussing; dislodging.

Bolting

BOLTING, noun The act of fastening with a bolt or bolts; a sifting; discussion.

Bolting-Cloth

BOLTING-CLOTH, noun [bolt and cloth.] A linen or hair cloth of which bolters are made for sifting meal.

Encyc.

Bolting-House

BOLTING-HOUSE, noun [bolt and house.] The house or place where meal is bolted.

Johnson.

Bolting-Hutch

BOLTING-HUTCH, noun A tub for bolted flour.

Bolting-Mill

BOLTING-MILL, noun [bolt and mill.] A machine or engine for sifting meal.

Encyc.

Bolting-Tub

BOLTING-TUB, noun A tub to sift meal in.

Bolt-Rope

BOLT-ROPE, noun [bolt and rope.] A rope to which the edges of sails are sewed to strengthen them. That part of it on the perpendicular side is called the leech-rope; that at the bottom, the foot-rope; that at the top, the head-rope.

Mar. Dict.

Bolt-Sprit

BOLT-SPRIT, noun [From the universal popular pronunciation of this word, this may have been the original word; but I doubt it. See Bowsprit.]

Bolus

BO'LUS, noun [Latin bolus; Greek, a mass.]

A soft mass of any thing medicinal to be swallowed at once, like a pill. It may be of any ingredients, made a little thicker than honey.

Encyc.

Bom

BOM, noun A large serpent found in America, of a harmless nature, and remarkable for uttering a sound like bom.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bomb

BOMB, noun [Latin bombus; Greek.] A great noise.

Bacon.

2. A large shell of cast iron, round and hollow, with a vent to receive a fusee, which is made of wood. This being filled with gunpowder and the fusee driven into the vent, the fusee is set on fire and the bomb is thrown from a mortar, in such a direction as to fall into a fort, city or enemy's camp, when it bursts with great violence and often with terrible effect. The inventor of bombs is not known; they came into common use about the year 1634.

Encyc.

3. The stroke upon a bell.

Bomb

BOMB, verb transitive To attack with bombs; to bombard. [Not used.]

Prior.

Bomb

BOMB, verb intransitive To sound.

B. Johnson.

Bombard

BOM'BARD, noun [bomb and ard, kind. French bombarde; Spanish Italian bombarda.]

1. A piece of short thick ordnance with a large mouth, formerly used; some of them carrying a ball of three hundred pounds weight. It is called also basilisk, and by the Dutch, donderbuss, thunder-gun. But the thing and the name are no longer in use.

Encyc.

2. An attack with bombs; bombardment.

Barlow.

3. A barrel; a drinking vessel. Obs.

Johnson. Ash.

Bombard

BOMB'ARD, verb transitive To attack with bombs thrown from mortars.

Bombarded

BOMB'ARDED, participle passive Attacked with bombs.

Bombardier

BOMBARDIE'R, noun One whose business is to attend the loading and firing of mortars.

2. Carabus, a genus of insects of the beetle kind.

Encyc.

Bombarding

BOMB'ARDING, participle of the present tense Attacking with shells or bombs.

Bombardment

BOMB'ARDMENT, noun An attack with bombs; the act of throwing bombs into a town, fort or ship.

Addison.

Bombardo

BOMB'ARDO, noun A musical instrument of the wind kind, much like the bassoon, and used as a base to the hautboy.

Encyc.

Bombasin

BOMBASIN, n. s. as z. A name given to two sorts of stuffs, one of silk, the other crossed of cotton.

Encyc.

Bombast

BOM'BAST, noun Originally a stuff of soft loose texture, used to swell garments.

Hence, high sounding words; an inflated style; fustian; a serious attempt, by strained description, to raise a low or familiar subject beyond its rank, which, instead of being sublime, never fails to be ridiculous.

Encyc.

Bombast

BOM'BAST, adjective High-sounding; inflated; big without meaning.

Swift.

Bombastic

BOMBAS'TIC, adjective Swelled; high sounding; bombast.

Shaftesbury.

Bombastry

BOM'BASTRY, noun Swelling words without much meaning; fustian.

Swift.

Bomb-Chest

BOMB'-CHEST, noun [bomb and chest.] A chest filled with bombs or only with gun powder, placed under ground, to make destruction by its displosion.

Bombiat

BOM'BIAT, noun A salt formed by the bombic acid and any base saturated.

Lavoisier.

Bombic

BOM'BIC, adjective [Latin bombyx, a silk worm.]

Pertaining to the silk worm; as bombic acid.

Bombilation

BOMBILA'TION, noun [Latin bombilo.] Sound; report; noise. [Little used.]

Brown.

Bomb-Ketch

BOMB'-KETCH, or BOMB'-VESSEL, noun A small ship or vessel, constructed for throwing bombs into a fortress from the sea, and built remarkably strong, in order to sustain the shocks produced by the discharge of the mortars. They generally are rigged as ketches.

Mar. Dict.

Bombycinous

BOMBYC'INOUS, adjective [Latin bombycinus, from bombyx, a silk worm.]

1. Silken; made of silk.

2. Being of the color of the silk worm; transparent, with a yellow tint.

Darwin.

Bona-Fide

BO'NA-FIDE, [Latin] With good faith; without fraud or deception.

Bona-Roba

BONA-ROBA, noun [Italian a fine gown.] A showy wanton.

Shak.

Bonair

BONA'IR, adjective [Italian bonario, from Latin bonus.] Complaisant; yielding. [Not used.]

Bonasus

BONA'SUS, noun [Latin] A species of Bos, or wild ox, with a long mane; a native of Asia and Africa. It is of the size of a bull.

Encyc.

Bon Chretien

BON CHRETIEN, noun [French good christian.] A species of pear.

Bond

BOND, noun [Saxon bond. See Band and Bind.]

1. Any thing that binds, as a cord, a chain, a rope; a band.

2. Ligament; that which holds things together.

3. Union; connection; a binding.

Let walls be so constructed as to make a good bond.

Mortimer.

4. In the plural, chains; imprisonment; captivity.

He hath done nothing worthy of death or of bonds. Acts.

5. Cause of union; cement which unites; link of connection; as the bonds of affection.

Charity is the bond of perfectness. Col. 3.

6. An obligation imposing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by law or other means.

7. In law, an obligation or deed by which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future day appointed. This is a single bond. But usually a condition is added, that if the obligor shall do a certain act, or pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the payment of the whole sum.

Blackstone.

Bond

BOND, adjective [for bound.] In a state of servitude, or slavery; captive.

Whether we be Jews or Gentiles; whether we be bond or free. 1 Corinthians 12.

Bond

BOND, verb transitive To give bond for, as for duties or customs at a custom house; to secure payment of, by giving a bond.

On their reshipment and exportation, official clearances were given, in which no mention was made that the cargo consisted of bonded or debentured goods.

War in disguise.

In the U. States, it is applied to the goods on which the customs arise, and to the duties secured by bond.

Bondage

BOND'AGE, noun Slavery or involuntary servitude; captivity; imprisonment; restraint of a person's liberty by compulsion. In ancient English law, villenage.

2. Obligation; tie of duty.

He must resolve not to be brought under the bondage of observing oaths.

South.

3. In scripture, spiritual subjection to sin and corrupt passions, or to the yoke of the ceremonial law; servile fear. Hebrews 2. Galatians 2. Romans 8.

Bonded

BOND'ED, participle passive Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded goods are those for the duties on which bonds are given at the custom house.

Bondmaid

BOND'MAID, noun [bond and maid.] A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, in opposition to a hired servant.

Bondman

BOND'MAN, noun [bond and man.] A man slave, or one bound to service without wages. In old English law, a villain, or tenant in villenage.

Bondservant

BOND'SERVANT, noun [bond and servant.] A slave; one who is subjected to the authority of another, or whose person and liberty are restrained.

Bondservice

BOND'SERVICE, noun [bond and service.] The condition of a bond-servant; slavery.

Bondslave

BOND'SLAVE, noun [bond and slave.] A person in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty are subjected to the authority of a master.

Bondsman

BONDS'MAN, noun [bond and man.] A slave. Obs.

Derham.

2. A surety; one who is bound, or who gives security, for another.

Bondswoman

BONDS'WOMAN, or BOND'-WOMAN, noun [bond and woman.] A woman slave.

B. Johnson.

Bonduc

BON'DUC, noun A species of Guilandina, or nickar tree, the yellow nickar, a climbing plant, a native of the West Indies, bearing a pod containing two hard seeds of the size of a child's marble.

Encyc.

Bone

BONE, noun [Saxon ban; Swedish ben; Dutch been, bone or leg; German bein, a leg; Danish been, leg or bone. The sense probably is, that which is set or fixed.]

1. A firm hard substance, of a dull white color, composing some part of the frame of an animal body. The bones of an animal support all the softer parts, as the flesh and vessels. They vary in texture in different bones, and in different parts of the same bone. The long bones are compact in their middle portion, with a central cavity occupied by a network of plates and fibers, and cellular or spongy at the extremities. The flat bones are compact externally, and cellular internally. The bones in a fetus are soft and cartilaginous, but they gradually harden with age. The ends of the long bones are larger than the middle, which renders the articulations more firm, and in the fetus are distinct portions, called epiphyses. Bones are supplied with blood vessels, and in the fetus, or in a diseased state, are very vascular. They are probably also furnished with nerves and absorbents, though less easily detected in a sound state. They are covered with a thin, strong membrane, called the periosteum, which, together with the bones, has very little sensibility in a sound state, but when inflamed, is extremely sensible. Their cells and cavities are occupied by a fatty substance, called the medulla or marrow. They consist of earthy matter, rather more than half, gelatin, one sixteenth, and cartilage, about one third of the whole. The earthy matter gives them their solidity, and consists of phosphate of lime, with a small portion of carbonate of lime and phosphate of magnesia.

Cyc. Wistar. Thomson.

2. A piece of bone, with fragments of meat adhering to it.

To be upon the bones, is to attack. [Little used, and vulgar.]

To make no bones, is to make no scruple; a metaphor taken from a dog who greedily swallows meat that has no bones.

Johnson.

Bones, a sort of bobbins, made of trotter bones, for weaving lace; also dice.

Johnson.

Bone

BONE, verb transitive To take out bones from the flesh, as in cookery.

Johnson.

2. To put whale bone into stays.

Ash.

Bone-Ace

BO'NE-ACE, noun [bone and ace.] A game at cards, in which he who has the highest card turned up to him, wins the bone, that is, one half the stake.

Encyc.

Bone-Ache

BO'NE-ACHE, noun Pain in the bones.

Shak.

Boned

BO'NED, participle passive Deprived of bones, as in cookery.

Boned

BO'NED, adjective Having bones; used in composition; as high-boned; strong-boned.

Bonelace

BO'NELACE, noun [bone and lace.] A lace made of linen thread, so called because made with bobbins of bone, or for its stiffness. Obs.

Boneless

BO'NELESS, adjective Without bones; wanting bones; as boneless gums.

Shak.

Bone-Set

BO'NE-SET, verb transitive [bone and set.] To set a dislocated bone; to unite broken bones.

Wiseman.

Bone-Set

BO'NE-SET, noun A plant, the thoroughwort, a species of Eupatorium.

Bone-Setter

BO'NE-SETTER, noun [bone and set.] One whose occupation is to set, and restore broken and dislocated bones.

Bone-Setting

BO'NE-SETTING, noun That branch of surgery which consists in replacing broken and luxated bones; the practice of setting bones.

Bone-Spavin

BO'NE-SPAVIN, noun [bone and spavin.] A bony excrescence, or hard swelling, on the inside of the hock of a horse's leg; usually cured by blistering and firing, or caustic blisters.

Encyc.

Bonetta

BONET'TA, noun A sea fish. Qu. bonito.

Herberl.

Bonfire

BON'FIRE, noun [French bon, good, and fire.] A fire made as an expression of public joy and exultation.

Bongrace

BON'GRACE, noun [French bonne, and grace.] A covering for the forehead. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Bonify

BO'NIFY, verb transitive To convert into good. [Not used.]

Cudworth.

Bonito

BONITO, noun [Spanish] A fish of the tunny kind, growing to the length of three feet, and found on the American coast, and in the tropical climates. It has a greenish back, and a white silvery belly.

Hawksworth. Pennant. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Bonmot

BON'MOT, noun [French bon, good, and mot, a word.]

A jest; a witty repartee. This word is not anglicized, and may be pronounced bomo.

Bonnet

BON'NET, noun [French bonnet; Spanish bonete; Irish boinead; Armoric boned.]

1. A covering for the head, in common use before the introduction of hats. The word, as now used, signifies a cover for the head, worn by females, close at the sides, and projecting over the forehead.

2. In fortification, a small work with two faces, having only a parapet, with two rows of palisades about 10 or 12 feet distant. Generally it is raised above the salient angle of the counterscarp, and communicates with the covered way.

Encyc.

Bonnet Ãƒ-  prÃƒ-ªtre, or priest's bonnet, is an outwork, having at the head three salient angles and two inwards.

Johnson.

3. In sea language, an addition to a sail, or an additional part laced to the foot of a sail, in small vessels, and in moderate winds.

Mar. Dict.

Bonnet-Pepper

BON'NET-PEPPER, noun A species of Capsicum, or guinea pepper.

Fam. of Plants.

Bonnibel

BON'NIBEL, noun [French bonne, and belle.] A handsome girl.

Spenser.

Bonnilass

BON'NILASS, noun [bonny and lass.] A beautiful girl.

Spenser.

Bonnily

BON'NILY, adverb [See Bonny.] Gayly; handsomely; plumply.

Bonniness

BON'NINESS, noun Gayety; handsomeness; plumpness. [Little used.]

Bonny

BON'NY, adjective [French bon, bonne, good; Latin bonus. See Boon.]

1. Handsome; beautiful.

Till bonny Susan sped across the plain.

Gay.

2. Gay; merry; frolicksome; cheerful; blithe.

Blithe and bonny.

Shak.

3. In familiar language, plump, as plump and healthful persons are most inclined to mirth.

[This word is much used in Scotland.]

Bonny

BON'NY, noun Among miners, a bed of ore, differing from a squat in being round, whereas a squat is flat; or a distinct bed of ore, that communicates with no vein.

Bailey. Encyc.

Bonny-Clabber

BON'NY-CLABBER, noun [Qu. bonny, or Irish baine, milk, and clabber; Arabic biestings; German lab, Dutch leb, rennet.]

A word used in Ireland for sour buttermilk.

Johnson.

It is used, in America, for any milk that is turned or become thick in the process of souring, and applied only to that part which is thick.

Bonten

BON'TEN, noun A narrow woolen stuff.

Bonum Magnum

BONUM MAGNUM, [Latin] A species of plum.

Johnson.

Bony

BO'NY, adjective [from bone.] Consisting of bones; full of bones; pertaining to bones.

2. Having large or prominent bones; stout; strong.

Bonze

BON'ZE, noun bon'zy. An Indian priest; a name used in China, Tunkin and the neigboring countries. In China, the Bonzes are the priests of the Fohists, or sect of Fohi. They are distinguished from the laity by their dress. In Japan, they are gentlemen of family. In Tunkin, every pagoda has at least two bonzes belonging to it, and some have thirty or forty. In China, the number of bonzes is estimated at fifty thousand, and they are represented as idle dissolute men.

Encyc.

Booby

BOO'BY, noun [Spanish bobo, a dunce or ideot, a ruff for the neck, a buffoon, the bird bobo.]

1. A dunce; a stupid fellow; a lubber; one void of wisdom, or intellect.

Prior.

2. A fowl of the pelican genus, of a brown and white color, much varied in different individuals. This fowl is found among the Bahama isles, feeds upon fish and lays its eggs on the bare rocks. It has a joint in the upper mandible, by which it can raise it without opening the mouth.

Encyc.

Book

BOOK, noun [Saxon boc, a book and the beechtree; Gothic boka; Icelandic book; Dutch boek, a book, and the mast of beech; beuke, a beech tree; German buch, a book, and buche, a beech; Danish bog; Swedish bok; Russian buk; Gypsey, buchos. Like the Latin liber, book signifies primarily bark and beech, the tree being probably named from its bark.]

A general name of every literary composition which is printed; but appropriately, a printed composition bound; a volume. The name is given also to any number of written sheets when bound or sewed together, and to a volume of blank paper, intended for any species of writing, as for memorandums, for accounts, or receipts.

2. A particular part of a literary composition; a division of a subject in the same volume.

3. A volume or collection of sheets in which accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and expenditures, &c.

In books, in kind remembrance; in favor.

I was so much in his books, that at his decease he left me his lamp.

Addison.

Without book, by memory; without reading; without notes; as, a sermon was delivered without book. This phrase is used also in the sense of without authority; as, a man asserts without book.

Book

BOOK, verb transitive To enter, write or register in a book.

Book-Account

BOOK-ACCOUNT', noun [book and account.] An account or register of debt or credit in a book.

Bookbinder

BOOK'BINDER, noun [book and bind.] One whose occupation is to bind books.

Bookbinding

BOOK'BINDING, noun The art or practice of binding books; or of sewing the sheets, and covering them with leather or other material.

Booked

BOOK'ED, participle passive Written in a book; registered.

Bookful

BOOK'FUL, adjective [book and full.] Full of notions gleaned from books; crowded with undigested learning.

Pope.

Booking

BOOK'ING, participle of the present tense Registering in a book.

Bookish

BOOK'ISH, adjective Given to reading; fond of study; more acquainted with books than with men.

Shak.

Bookishly

BOOK'ISHLY, adverb In the way of being addicted to books or much reading.

Thurlow.

Bookishness

BOOK'ISHNESS, noun Addictedness to books; fondness for study.

Whitlock.

Bok-Keeper

BOK'-KEEPER, noun [book and keep.] One who keeps accounts, or the accounts of another; the officer who has the charge of keeping the books and accounts in a public office.

Book-Keeping

BOOK'-KEEPING, noun [book and keep.] The art of recording mercantile transactions in a regular and systematic manner; the art of keeping accounts in such a manner, that a man may know the true state of his business and property, or of his debts and credits, by an inspection of his books. The books for this purpose are, 1. a Waste Book, or blotter, in which are registered all accounts or transactions in the order in which they take place; 2. the Journal, which contains the accounts transferred from the waste book, in the same order, but expressed in a technical style; 3. the Leger, in which articles of the same kind are collected together, from the journal, and arranged under proper titles.

In addition to these, several others are used; as cash-book; book of charges of merchandize; book of house-expenses; invoice-book; sales-book; bill-book; receipt-book; letter-book; pocket-book; the use of which may be understood from the names.

Encyc.

Bookland

BOOK'LAND, or BOCK'LAND, noun [book and land.] In old English laws, charter land, held by deed under certain rents and free-services, which differed nothing from free socage lands. This species of tenure has given rise to the modern freeholds.

Blackstone.

Booklearned

BOOK'LEARNED, adjective [book and learn.] Versed in books; acquainted with books and literature; a term sometimes implying an ignorance of men, or of the common concerns of life.

Dryden.

Booklearning

BOOK'LEARNING, noun Learning acquired by reading; acquaintance with books and literature; sometimes implying want of practical knowledge.

Sidney.

Bookless

BOOK'LESS, adjective [book and less.] Without books; unlearned.

Shenstone.

Bookmaking

BOOK'MAKING, noun The practice of writing and publishing books.

Bookman

BOOK'MAN, noun [book and man.] A man whose profession is the study of books.

Shak.

Bookmate

BOOK'MATE, noun [book and mate.] A school-fellow.

Shak.

Bookoath

BOOK'OATH, noun The oath made on the book, or Bible.

Shak.

Bookseller

BOOK'SELLER, noun [book and sell.] One whose occupation is to sell books.

Bookworm

BOOK'WORM, noun [book and worm.] A worm or mite that eats holes in books.

2. A student closely attached to books, or addicted to study; also, a reader without judgment.

Pope.

Booley

BOO'LEY, noun In Ireland, one who has no settled habitation, but wanders from place to place, with his flocks and herds, living on their milk, like the Tartars.

Spenser.

Boom

BOOM, noun [Dutch boom, a tree, a pole, a beam, a bar, a rafter; Gothic bagms; German baum; beam; Dutch boomen, to push forward with a pole; Danish bom, a rail or bar.]

A long pole or spar, run out from various parts of a ship, or other vessel, for the purpose of extending the bottom of particular sails; as the jib-boom, studding-sail boom, main-boom, square-sail boom, &c.

Mar. Dict.

2. A strong iron chain, fastened to spars, and extended across a river, or the mouth of a harbor, to prevent an enemy's ships from passing.

3. A pole set up as a mark to direct seamen how to keep the channel, in shallow water.

Boom

BOOM, verb intransitive [Saxon byma, byme, a trumpet; bymian, to blow or sound a trumpet; Dutch bomme, a drum; bommen, to drum; Welsh bwmp, a hollow sound. We see the senses of sounding, uttering the voice, swelling and rushing forward, are connected.]

1. In marine language, to rush with violence, as a ship under a press of sail.

2. To swell; to roll and roar, as waves.

The hoarse waves booming to the ocean shore.

Hillhouse.

3. To cry as the bittern.

Goldsmith.

The Dutch use bom for the sound of an empty barrel, and bommen is to drum.

Boon

BOON, noun [Latin bonus; French bon; Norm. boon; Italian buono; Spanish bueno; Portugese bom, good.]

1. A gift; a grant; a benefaction; a present; a favor granted.

Addison.

2. [Danish bÃƒ-¶n, Swedish bon, a petition.] A prayer, or petition.

Ash.

Boon

BOON, adjective [French bon; Latin bonus.] Gay; merry; kind; bountiful; as a boon companion.

Milton.

Boops

BO'OPS, noun The pike-headed whale, with a double pipe in its snout, and a hard horny ridge on its back; so named from its sharp pointed nose.

Encyc.

Boor

BOOR, noun [Saxon gebur, a countryman or farmer; Dutch boer, a rustic, or farmer; German bauer, a countryman and a builder, from bauen, to build, to cultivate; Saxon byan, or bugian, and gebugian; Dutch bouwen; Danish bygger; Swedish byggia, to build. Boor is a contracted word.]

A countryman; a peasant; a rustic; a plowman; a clown; hence, one who is rude in manners, and illiterate.

Dryden.

Boorish

BOOR'ISH, adjective Clownish; rustic; awkward in manners; illiterate.

Shak.

Boorishly

BOOR'ISHLY, adverb In a clownish manner.

Boorishness

BOOR'ISHNESS, noun Clownishness; rusticity, coarseness of manners.

Boose

BOOSE, noun [Saxon bosig, bosg; Hebrew Chaldee, a stall or crib; Arabic abasa, to shut up or imprison.]

A stall or inclosure for an ox, cow or other cattle. [Not used or local.]

Boose

BOOSE, or BOUSE, v. i. booz. [Welsh bozi, to immerse.]

To drink hard; to guzzle. [Vulgar.]

Boosy

BOO'SY, a. boo'zy. A little intoxicated; merry with liquor. [Vulgar.]

Boost

BOOST, verb transitive To lift or raise by pushing; to push up. [A common vulgar word in N, England.]

Boot

BOOT, verb transitive [Saxon bot, bote, reparation, satisfaction, a making good, amends; Gothic botyan, to profit or help; Swedish bot, a fine; Dutch boete, fine, penalty, repentance; boeten, to amend, or repair; German busse, boot, fine, penance; bÃƒ-¼ssen, to amend; Danish bÃƒ-¶dder, to repair, or requite; bÃƒ-¶der, to expiate, or make atonement; Welsh buz, profit; buziaw, to profit. We observe this word is from the root of better, denoting more, or advance; but. The primary sense of the root is to advance, or carry forward.]

1. To profit; to advantage.

It shall not boot them.

Hooker.

But more generally followed by it, what boots it? Indeed it is seldom used, except in the latter phrase.

2. To enrich; to benefit.

I will boot thee. Obs.

Shak.

Boot

BOOT, noun Profit; gain; advantage; that which is given to make the exchange equal, or to supply the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged.

Shak.

2. To boot, in addition to; over and above; besides; a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered; as, I will give my house for yours, with one hundred dollars to boot. [Saxon to bote. The phrase is pure Saxon.]

3. Spoil; plunder. [See Booty.]

Shak.

Boot

BOOT, noun [French botte, a boot, a bunch; Irish butais; Welsh botasen, botas; Spanish bota, a boot, a bult, or cask, a leather bag to carry liquors; Portugese bota; Italian botte, boots, a cask.]

1. A covering for the leg, made of leather, and united with a shoe. This garment was originally intended for horsemen, but is now generally worn by gentlemen on foot. The different sorts are fishing-boots, worn in water; hunting-boots, a thinner kind for sportsmen; jack-boots, a strong kind for horsemen; and half-boots.

2. A kind of rack for the leg, formerly used to torture criminals. This was made of boards bound fast to the legs by cords; or a boot or buskin, made wet and drawn upon the legs and then dried by the fire, so as to contract and squeeze the legs.

Encyc.

3. A box covered with leather in the fore part of a coach. Also, an apron or leathern cover for a gig or chair, to defend persons from rain and mud. This latter application is local and improper.

Boot

BOOT, verb transitive To put on boots.

Bootcatcher

BOOT'CATCHER, noun [boot and catch.] The person at an inn whose business is to pull off boots. Obs.

Swift.

Booted

BOOT'ED, participle passive Having boots on.

Dryden.

Bootee

BOOTEE', noun A word sometimes used for a half or short boot.

Bootes

BOO'TES, noun A northern constellation, consisting, according to Flamstead's catalogue, of fifty-four stars.

Booth

BOOTH, noun [Welsh bwth; Irish boith or both; German bude; Russian budka; Chaldee, bith, a house, and to lodge for a night; also in the Arabic Samaritan Syriac Ethiopic and Hebrew beth, a house or booth, a nest for birds. Probably the sense is, a dwelling, from lodging, abiding.]

A house or shed built of boards, boughs of trees, or other slight materials, for a temporary residence.

Bible. Camden.

Boot-Hose

BOOT'-HOSE, noun [boot and hose.] Stocking-hose or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots.

Shak.

Bootleg

BOOT'LEG, noun [boot and leg.] Leather cut out for the leg of a boot.

Ash.

Bootless

BOOT'LESS, adjective [from boot.] Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or success.

Shak.

Bootlessly

BOOT'LESSLY, adverb Without use or profit.

Boot-Topping

BOOT'-TOPPING, noun [boot and top.] The operation of cleansing a ship's bottom, near the surface of the water, by scraping off the grass, slime, shells, &c., and daubing it with a mixture of tallow, sulphur and rosin.

Mar. Dict.

Boot-Tree

BOOT'-TREE, or BOOT'-LAST, noun An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot, consisting of two pieces, shaped like a leg, between which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven.

Encyc.

Booty

BOOT'Y, noun [Swedish byte; Danish bytte; Dutch buit; German beute; Italian bottino; Spanish botin; French butin; Dutch buiten, to rove. See But.]

1. Spoil taken from an enemy in war; plunder; pillage.

Milton.

2. That which is seized by violence and robbery.

Shak.

To play booty is to play dishonestly with an intent to lose.

Johnson.

Bopeep

BOPEE'P, noun [bo, an exclamation, and peep.] The act of looking out or from behind something and drawing back, as children in play, for the purpose of frightening each other.

Shak. Dryden.

Borable

BO'RABLE, adjective [See Bore.] That may be bored. [Little used.]

Borachio

BORACH'IO, noun [Spanish borracho, drunk.] A drunkard.

Congreve.

2. A bottle or cask. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Boracic

BORAC'IC, adjective [See Borax.] Pertaining to or produced from borax.

Boracic acid, a compound of a peculiar base, boron, with oxygen. It is generally obtained from borax, by adding sulphuric acid. It it also found native, in certain mineral springs in Italy.

Webster.

Boracite

BO'RACITE, noun Borate of magnesia; magnesian earth combined with boracic acid. It is generally of a cubic form, and remarkable for its electrical properties when heated.

Cleaveland.

Boracited

BO'RACITED, adjective Combined with boracic acid.

Boracous Acid

BO'RACOUS ACID, the base of boracic acid, partially saturated with oxygen.

Lavoisier.

Borage

BORAGE, n. bur'rage. A plant of the genus Borago.

Borate

BO'RATE, noun A salt formed by a combination of boracic acid with any base saturated.

Fourcroy.

Borax

BO'RAX, noun [Pers.; Arabic borakon, from baraka, to shine; Russian bura.]

Sub-borate of soda; a salt formed by the combination of boracic acid with the marine alkali or soda. It is brought from the East Indies, where it is said to be found at the bottom or on the margin of certain lakes, particularly in Thibet. It is said to be artificially prepared in Persia, like niter. It comes in three states. 1. Crude borax, tinkal, or chrysocolla, from Persia, in greenish masses of a greasy feel, or in opake crystals. 2. Borax of China, some-what purer, in small plates or masses, irregularly crystalized, and of a dirty white. 3. Dutch or purified borax, in portions of transparent crystals, which is the kind generally used. It is an excellent flux in docimastic operations, a styptic in medicine, and useful in sodering metals.

Encyc. Cleaveland. Hooper.

Bordage

BORDAGE, noun [See Bordlands.]

Bordel

BORD'EL, or BORDEL'LO, noun [French bordel, a brothel; Dutch bordeel; German bordell; Italian bordello; Spanish burdel; Armoric bordell; from bord, a house. This is the brothel.]

A brothel; a bawdy-house; a house devoted to prostitution.

B. Jonson.

Bordeller

BORD'ELLER, noun The keeper of a brothel.

Gower.

Border

BORD'ER, noun [French bord; Armoric id; Spanish bordo; Portugese borda; Italian bordo. See Board.]

The outer edge of any thing; the extreme part or surrounding line; the confine or exterior limit of a country; or of any region or tract of land; the exterior part or edge of a garment, or of the corol of plants; the rim or brim of a vessel, but not often applied to vessels; the exterior part of a garden, and hence a bank raised at the side of a garden, for the cultivation of flowers, and a row of plants; in short, the outer part or edge of things too numerous to be specified.

Border

BORD'ER, verb intransitive To confine; to touch at the edge, side or end; to be contiguous or adjacent; with on or upon; as, Connecticut on the north borders on or upon Massachusetts.

2. To approach near to.

Wit, which borders upon profaneness, deserves to be branded as folly.

Tillotson.

Border

BORD'ER, verb transitive To make a border; to adorn with a border of ornaments; as, to border a garment or a garden.

2. To reach to; to touch at the edge or end; to confine upon; to be contiguous to.

Sheba and Raamah border the Persian gulf.

Raleigh.

3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bordered

BORD'ERED, participle passive Adorned or furnished with a border.

Borderer

BORD'ERER, noun One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place.

Bacon.

Bordering

BORD'ERING, participle of the present tense Lying adjacent to; forming a border.

Bord-Halfpenny

BORD-HALFPENNY, noun Money paid for setting up boards or a stall in market.

Burn.

Bord-Land

BORD-LAND, noun [bord and land. See Board.]

In old law, the demain land which a lord kept in his hands for the maintenance of his bord, board, or table.

Spelman.

Bord-Lode

BORD-LODE, or BOARD-LOAD, noun [bord and load.] The service required of a tenant to carry timber from the woods to the lord's house; also, the quantity of provision paid by a bord-man for bord-land.

Bailey.

Bord-Man

BORD-MAN, noun [bord and man.] A tenant of bord-land, who supplied his lord with provisions.

Encyc.

Bord-Raging

BORD'-RAGING, noun An incursion upon the borders of a country. Obs.

Spenser.

Bord-Service

BORD'-SERVICE, noun [board and service.] The tenure by which bord-land was held, which was the payment of a certain quantity of provisions to the lord. In lieu of this, the tenant now pays six pence an acre.

Encyc.

Bordure

BORD'URE, noun In heraldry, a tract or compass of metal, color or fur, within the escutcheon, and around it.

Bailey.

Bore

BORE, verb transitive [Saxon borian; Swedish bora; Dutch booren; German bohren; Danish borer, to bore; Dutch boor; German bohrer; Danish borre, a borer; Latin foro and perforo, to bore, to perforate; Russian burav, a borer; Greek, to pierce or transfix; also, to pass over, in which sense it coincides with ferry. The Celtic ber, bear, a spit, Latin veru, from thrusting or piercing, coincide in elements with this root. Pers. a borer.]

1. To perforate or penetrate a solid body and make a round hole by turning an auger, gimlet, or other instrument. Hence, to make hollow; to form a round hole; as, to bore a cannon.

2. To eat out or make a hollow by gnawing or corroding, as a worm.

3. To penetrate or break through by turning or labor; as, to bore through a crowd.

Gay.

Bore

BORE, verb intransitive To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that turns; as, this timber does not bore well or is hard to bore.

2. To pierce or enter by boring; as, an auger bores well.

3. To push forward toward a certain point.

Boring to the west.

Dryden.

4. With horsemen, a horse bores, when he carries his nose to the ground.

Dict.

5. In a transitive or intransitive sense, to pierce the earth with scooping irons, which, when drawn out, bring with them samples of the different stratums, through which they pass. This is a method of discovering veins of ore and coal without opening a mine.

Encyc.

Bore

BORE, noun The hole made by boring. Hence, the cavity or hollow of a gun, cannon, pistol or other fire-arm; the caliber; whether formed by boring or not.

2. Any instrument for making holes by boring or turning, as an auger, gimlet or wimble.

Bore

BORE, noun A tide, swelling above another tide.

Burke.

A sudden influx of the tide into a river or narrow strait.

Cyc.

Bore

BORE, preterit tense of bear. [See Bear.]

Bore-Cole

BO'RE-COLE, noun A species of Brassica or cabbage.

Fam. of Plants.

Boreal

BO'REAL, adjective [Latin borealis. See Boreas.] Northern; pertaining to the north or the north wind.

Pope.

Boreas

BO'REAS, noun [Latin boreas; Greek, the north wind; Russian boria, boreas, and buria, a storm or tempest; buran, a tempest with snow. The Russian gives the radical sense.]

The northern wind; a cold northerly wind.

Milton.

Bored

BO'RED, participle passive Perforated by an auger or other turning instrument; made hollow.

Boree

BOREE', noun [French] A certain dance, or movement in common time, of four crotchets in a bar; always beginning in the last quaver or last crotchet of the measure.

Busby.

Borer

BO'RER, noun One who bores; also an instrument to make holes with by turning.

2. Terebella, the piercer, a genus of sea worms, that pierce wood.

Born

BORN, participle passive of bear. baurn. Brought forth, as an animal. A very useful distinction is observed by good authors, who, in the sense of produced or brought forth, write this word born; but in the sense of carried, write it borne. This difference of orthography renders obvious the difference of pronunciation.

1. To be born, is to be produced or brought into life. "Man is born to trouble." A man born a prince or a beggar. It is followed by of, before the mother or ancestors.

Man that is born of woman is of few days and full of trouble. Job 14.

2. To be born, or born again, is to be regenerated and renewed; to receive spiritual life. John 3.

Borne

BORNE, participle passive of bear. Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed.

Borne

BORNE, noun The more correct orthography of bourn, a limit or boundary. [See Bourn.]

Boron

BO'RON, noun The combustible base of boracic acid.

Ure.

Borough

BOROUGH, n. bur'ro. [Gothic bairgs; Saxon burg, burh, beorh, beorg, byrig; Irish brog; French bourg; Italian borgo; Spanish burgo; Dutch burg and berg; Danish borg; Armoric bourg; German burg and berg; Greek; Arabic Sanscrit bura. This word, in Saxon, is interpreted a hill, heap, mountain, fortification, castle, tower, city, house and tomb. Hence Perga, in Pamphylia, Bergen, in Norway, Burgos, in Spain, and probably Prague, in Bohemia. In Welsh bwr, bwrc, signifies a wall, rampart, or work for defense, and bwrdais is a burgess. But the original sense probably is found in the verb, Saxon beorgan, Dutch and German bergen, Russian beregu, to keep, orsave, that is, to make close or secure. Hence it coincides with park, and Latin parcus, saving. See the next word. If the noun is the primary word, denoting hill, this is from throwing together, collecting; a sense allied to that of making fast or close.]

Originally, a fortified city or town; hence a hill, for hills were selected for places of defense. But in later times, the term city was substituted to denote an episcopal town, in which was the see of a bishop, and that of borough was retained for the rest. At present, the name is given appropriately to such towns and villages as send representatives or burgesses to Parliament. Some boroughs are incorporated, others are not.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Borough

BOROUGH, n. bur'ro. [Saxon borhoe, a surety; borgian, to borrow; borg, interest; borga, a debtor, a surety; borgwed, a promise or bond for appearance, a pledge; borg-bryce, burg-break, violation of pledge; borghand, borhhand, a surety or bail; beorgan, to keep, guard or preserve; German borgen, Dutch id., to borrow. See the preceding word.]

In Saxon times, a main pledge, or association of men, who were sureties or free pledges to the king for the good behavior of each other, and if any offense was committed in their district, they were bound to have the offender forthcoming. The association of ten men was called a tithing, or decenary; the presiding man was called the tithing man, or head-borough; or in some places, borsholder, borough's elder. This society was called also friburg, free burg, frank pledge. Ten tithings formed a hundred, consisting of that number of sureties, and this denomination is still given to the districts, comprehended in the association. The term seems to have been used both for the society and for each surety. The word main, hand, which is attached to this society, or their mutual assurance, indicates that the agreement was ratified by shaking hands.

Spelman. Blackstone. Cowel.

Some writers have suggested that the application of this word to towns sprung from these associations, and of course was posterior to them in time. See Encyc. Art. Borough. But the word was used for a town or castle in other nations, and in Asia, doubtless long before the origin of the frank pledge.

In Connecticut, this word, borough, is used for a town or a part of a town, or a village, incorporated with certain privileges, distinct from those of other towns and of cities; as the Borough of Bridgeport.

In Scotland, a borough is a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the Sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction.

Boroughs are erected to be held of the sovereign, as is generally the case of royal boroughs; or of the superior of the lands included, as in the case of boroughs of regality and barony. Royal boroughs are generally erected for the advantage of trade.

Encyc.

BOROUGH ENGLISH, is a customary descent of lands and tenements to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or if the owner leaves no son, to the youngest brother.

Blackstone. Cowel.

Borough-head, the same as head-borough, the chief of a borough.

Ash.

Borough-Holder

BOROUGH-HOLDER, noun A head-borough; a borsholder.

Ash.

Borough-Master

BOROUGH-MASTER, noun The mayor, governor or baliff of a borough.

Ash.

Borrachio

BORRACH'IO, noun The caoutchouc, India rubber, or elastic gum. [See Caoutchouc.]

Borrelists

BOR'RELISTS, noun In church history, a sect of Christians in Holland, so called from Borrel, their founder, who reject the use of the sacraments, public prayer and all external worship. They lead a very austere life.

Encyc.

Borrow

BOR'ROW, verb transitive [Saxon borgian, to borrow; Dutch borgen, to borrow, lend or trust; German borgen, the same; Danish borger, to borrow; borgen, bail, surety, pledge, warranter, main-pernor; borg, trust, credit; Swedish borgan, a giving bail; borg, a fortress. The primary sense is, to make fast or secure.]

1. To take from another by request and consent, with a view to use the thing taken for a time, and return it, or if the thing taken is to be consumed or transferred in the use, then to return an equivalent in kind; as, to borrow a book, a sum of money, or a loaf of bread. It is opposed to lend.

2. To take from another, for one's own use; to copy or select from the writings of another author; as, to borrow a passage from a printed book; to borrow a title.

3. To take or adopt for one's own use, sentiments, principles, doctrines and the like; as, to borrow instruction.

4. To take for use something that belongs to another; to assume, copy or imitate; as, to borrow a shape; to borrow the manners of another, or his style of writing.

Borrow

BOR'ROW, noun A borrowing; the act of borrowing. [Not used.]

But of your royal presence I'll adventure

The borrow of a week.

Shak.

Borrowed

BOR'ROWED, participle passive Taken by consent of another, to be returned or its equivalent in kind; copied; assumed.

Borrower

BOR'ROWER, noun One who borrows; opposed to lender. [See the verb.]

2. One who takes what belongs to another to use as one's own.

Borrowing

BOR'ROWING, participle of the present tense Taking by consent to use and return, or to return its equivalent; taking what belongs to another to use as one's own; copying; assuming; imitating.

Borrowing

BOR'ROWING, noun The act of borrowing. [See the verb.]

Borsholder

BORS'HOLDER, noun [A contraction of burh's ealdor, borough's elder, the elder or chief of a borough.]

The head or chief of a tithing or burg of ten men; the head-borough.

Lambert. Spelman.

Bos

BOS, noun [Latin] In zoology, the technical name of a genus of quadrupeds. The characters are, the horns are hollow within and turned outward in the form of crescents; there are eight fore teeth in the under jaw, but none in the upper; there are no dog teeth. The species are, the Taurus or common ox, the Urus, aurochs or bison of Europe, the Bison or buffalo of North America, the Bubaluo or proper buffalo of the Eastern continent, the Caffer or Cape buffalo, the Grunniens or yak of Thibet, and the Moschatus or musk ox of Arctic America.

Encyc. Cuvier.

Boscage

BOSC'AGE, noun [French boscage, now bocage, a grove; Italian bosco; Danish busk; German busch, a wood, or properly a thicket or underwood; bush.]

1. Wood; under-wood; perhaps, sometimes, lands covered with underwood; also, a thicket.

2. In old laws, food or sustenance for cattle, which is yielded by bushes and trees.

Cowel.

3. With painters, a landscape, representing thickets of wood.

Encyc.

Boschas

BOS'CHAS, noun The common wild duck, or mallard, belonging to the genus Anas.

Encyc.

Bosh

BOSH, noun Outline; figure.

Todd.

Bosket

BOSK'ET, or BOS'QUET, or BUSK'ET, noun [Italian boschetto, a little wood, from bosco. See Boscage.]

In gardening, a grove; a compartment formed by branches of trees, regularly or irregularly disposed, according to fancy.

Encyc.

Bosky

BOSK'Y, adjective [See Boscage.] Woody; covered with thickets.

Milton.

Bosom

BO'SOM, n. s as z. [Saxon bosm, bosum; Dutch boezem; German busen. Qu. Chaldee or, the breast, uber, mamma.]

1. The breast of a human being and the parts adjacent.

2. The folds or covering of clothes about the breast.

Put thy hand in thy bosom. Exodus 4.

3. Embrace, as with the arms; inclosure; compass; often implying friendship or affection; as, to live in the bosom of a church.

4. The breast, as inclosing the heart; or the interior of the breast, considered as the seat of the passions.

Anger resteth in the bosom of fools. Ecclesiastes 7.

Their soul was poured into their mother's bosom. Lamentations 2.

5. The breast, or its interior, considered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets.

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job 31.

6. Any inclosed place; the interior; as the bosom of the earth or of the deep.

7. The tender affections; kindness; favor; as the son of his bosom; the wife of thy bosom.

He shall carry the lambs in his bosom. Isaiah 40.

8. The arms, or embrace of the arms. Psalm 129.

9. Inclination; desire. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bosom, in composition, implies intimacy, affection and confidence; as a bosom-friend, an intimate or confidential friend; bosom-lover, bosom-interest, bosom-secret, &c. In such phrases, bosom may be considered as an attribute equivalent to intimate, confidential, dear.

Bosom

BO'SOM, verb transitive To inclose in the bosom; to keep with care.

Bosom up my counsel.

Shak.

2. To conceal; to hide from view.

To happy convents bosom'd deep in vines.

Pope.

Bosomed

BO'SOMED, participle passive Inclosed in the breast; concealed.

Boson

BO'SON, noun A boatswain; a popular, but corrupt pronunciation.

The merry boson.

Dryden.

Bosporian

BOSPO'RIAN, adjective [from Bosporus.] Pertaining to a bosporus, a strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a sea and a lake.

The Alans forced the Bosporian kings to pay them tribute, and exterminated the Taurians.

Tooke.

Bosporus

BOS'PORUS, noun [Greek, an ox, and, a passage.]

A narrow sea or a strait, between two seas or between a sea and a lake, so called, it is supposed, as being an ox-passage, a strait over which an ox may swim. So our northern ancestors called a strait, a sound, that is, a swim. The term Bosporus has been particularly applied to the strait between the Propontis and the Euxine, called the Thracian Bosporus; and to the strait of Caffa, called the Cimmerian Bosporus, which connects the Palus Maeotis or sea of Azof, with the Euxine.

D'Anville.

Boss

BOSS, noun [French bosse; Armoric boÃƒ-§z. In Dutch bos is a bunch, a bundle, a truss, a tuft, a bush, a sheaf, whence bosch, German busch, a bush, or thicket. In Welsh both is the boss of a buckler, the nave of a wheel, and a bottle, and hence Welsh bothel, a rotundity, a bottle or any round vessel, a wheal or blister. A

boss is a protuberance, either from shooting, projecting, or from collecting and forming a mass.]

1. A stud or knob; a protuberant ornament, of silver, ivory, or other material, used on bridles, harness, &c.

2. A protuberant part; a prominence; as the boss of a buckler.

3. A round or swelling body of any kind; as a boss of wood.

Moxon.

4. A water-conduit, in form of a tun-bellied figure.

Ash. Bailey.

Bossage

BOSS'AGE, noun [from boss; French bossage.]

1. A stone in a building which has a projecture, and is laid rough, to be afterwards carved into moldings, capitals, coats of arms, &c.

Encyc.

2. Rustic work, consisting of stones which advance beyond the naked or level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings; chiefly in the corners of edifices, and called rustic quoins. The cavities are sometimes round, sometimes beveled or in a diamond form, sometimes inclosed with a cavetto, and sometimes with a listel.

Encyc.

Bossed

BOSS'ED, participle passive Studded; ornamented with bosses.

Shak.

Bossive

BOSS'IVE, adjective Crooked; deformed.

Osborne.

Bossy

BOSS'Y, adjective Containing a boss; ornamented with bosses.

His head reclining on his bossy shield.

Pope.

Bostrychite

BOS'TRYCHITE, noun [Greek.] A gem in the form of a lock of hair.

Ash.

Bosvel

BOS'VEL, noun A plant, a species of crow-foot.

Johnson.

Bot

BOT. [See Bots.]

Botanic

BOTAN'IC, or BOTAN'ICAL, adjective [See Botany.] Pertaining to botany; relating to plants in general; also, containing plants, as a botanic garden.

Botanically

BOTAN'ICALLY, adverb According to the system of botany.

Botanist

BOT'ANIST, noun One skilled in botany; one versed in the knowledge of plants or vegetables, their structure, and generic and specific differences.

The botanist is he who can affix similar names to similar vegetables, and different names to different ones, so as to be intelligible to every one.

Linne.

Botanize

BOT'ANIZE, verb intransitive To seek for plants; to investigate the vegetable kingdom; to study plants.

He could not obtain permission to botanize upon mount Sabber.

Niebuhr, Trans.

Botanology

BOTANOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a plant, and, discourse.] A discourse upon plants.

Dict.

Botanomancy

BOTANOM'ANCY, noun [, a plant, and, divination.]

An ancient species of divination by means of plants, especially sage and fig leaves. Persons wrote their names and questions on leaves, which they exposed to the wind, and as many of the letters as remained in their places were taken up, and being joined together, contained an answer to the question.

Encyc.

Botany

BOT'ANY, noun [Greek, a plant; Pers. a shrub; probably allied to bud, to shoot.]

That branch of natural history which treats of vegetables; a science which treats of the different plants, and of the distinguishing marks by which each individual species may be known from every other.

Martyn. Encyc.

Or, botany is the science of the structure, functions, properties, habits and arrangement of plants, and of the technical characters by which they are distinguished.

Cyc.

Botargo

BOTAR'GO, noun [Spanish] A relishing sort of food, made of the roes of the mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean, as an incentive to drink.

Johnson. Chambers.

Botch

BOTCH, noun [Italian bozza, [botza,] a swelling, or rather pezzo, a piece; the latter is the patch.]

1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection.

Botches and blains must all his flesh imboss.

Milton.

2. A patch, or the part of a garment patched or mended in a clumsy manner; ill-finished work in mending.

3. That which resembles a botch; a part added clumsily; adventitious or ill-applied words.

If those words are not notorious botches, I am deceived.

Dryden.

Botch

BOTCH, verb transitive To mend or patch with a needle or awl, in a clumsy manner, as a garment; to mend or repair awkwardly, as a system of government.

Hudibras.

2. To put together unsuitably, or unskilfully; to make use of unsuitable pieces.

For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane.

Dryden.

3. To mark with botches.

Young Hylas botched with stains.

Garth.

Botched

BOTCH'ED, participle passive Patched clumsily; mended unskilfully; marked with botches.

Botcher

BOTCH'ER, noun A clumsy workman at mending; a mender of old clothes, whether a tailor or cobler.

Elyot.

Botchy

BOTCH'Y, adjective Marked with botches; full of botches.

Bote

BOTE, noun [The old orthography of boot, but retained in law, in composition. See Boot.]

1. In law, compensation; amends; satisfaction; as manbote, a compensation for a man slain. Also, payment of any kind.

2. A privilege or allowance of necessaries, used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, supplies, necessaries; as house-bote, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house or for fuel, sometimes called fire-bote; so plow-bote, cart-bote, wood for making or repairing instruments of husbandry; hay-bote or hedge-bote, wood for hedges or fences, &c. These were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system.

Blackstone.

Boteless

BO'TELESS, adjective In vain. [See Bootless.]

Botetto

BOTET'TO, noun A small thick fish of Mexico, about eight inches long, with a flat belly, and convex back. When taken out of the water it swells, and if kicked, will burst. Its liver is deadly poison.

Clavigero.

Both

BOTH, adjective [Saxon butu, butwu, or batwa, (qu. Gothic bayoths;) Irish beit; Swedish bÃƒ-¥da; Danish baade; Dutch and German beide; in Ancient African, bet, beth, two. Buxt. 1866.]

Two, considered as distinct from others or by themselves; the one and the other; French tous les deux; l'un et l'autre; as, here are two books, take them both.

This word is often placed before the nouns with which it is connected.

He understands how to manage both public and private concerns.

Guth. Quintilian, p. 4.

It is often used as a substitute for nouns.

And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Genesis 21.

Both often represents two members of a sentence.

He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.

Bolingbroke on Exile.

Both often pertains to adjectives or attributes, and in this case generally precedes them in construction; as, he endeavored to render commerce both disadvantageous and infamous.

Mickle's Lusiad.

Bother

BOTH'ER, the vulgar pronunciation of pother. [See Pother.]

Bothnic

BOTH'NIC, or BOTH'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Bothnia, a province of Sweden, and to a gulf of the Baltic sea, which is so called from the province, which it penetrates. Pinkerton uses Bothnic, as a noun for the gulf, and Barlow uses Bothnian, in the same manner.

Pink. Art. Sweden. Columb. 9. 564.

Bototoe

BOTO'TOE, noun A bird of the parrot kind, of a fine blue color, found in the Philippine isles.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Botryoid

BO'TRYOID, or BOTRYOI'DAL, adjective [Greek, a bunch of grapes, and, form; French botte, a bunch or bundle; Armoric bod, bot, a grape.]

Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like grapes; as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small globes.

Kirwan. Phillips.

Botryolite

BO'TRYOLITE, noun [Greek, supra, and, stone.]

Literally, grape-stone. This mineral occurs in mammillary or botryoidal concretions, in a bed of magnetic iron in gneiss, near Arendal in Norway. Its colors are pearlgray, grayish or reddish white, and pale rose-red, and form concentric stripes.

Cyc.

Botryolite is a variety of siliceous borate of lime. It is found near the Passaic falls in New-Jersey.

Cleaveland.

Bots

BOTS, noun generally used in the plural. [Qu. Pers. pot, teredo, a worm that eats wood.]

A species of small worms found in the intestines of horses. They are the larvas of a species of OEstrus or gad-fly, which deposits its eggs on the tips of the hairs, generally of the fore-legs and mane, whence they are taken into the mouth and swallowed. This word is also applied to the larvas of other species of OEstrus, found under the hides of oxen, in the nostrils of sheep, &c.

Cyc.

Bottle

BOT'TLE, noun [French bouteille; Armoric boutailh; Irish boid, buideal; Welsh both, a boss, a bottle, the nave of a wheel; bot, a round body; botas, from bot, a boot, a buskin; botwm, a button; and from both, the Welsh has also bothell, a bottle, a round vessel, a wheal or blister; Spanish botella, a bottle, and botilla, a small wine bag, from bota, a leather bag for wine, a butt or cask, a boot; Italian bottiglia, a bottle; botte, a butt, a cask, and boots; Russian butilka, a bottle. In German beutel, a bag, a purse, seems to be the Spanish botilla. In French botte is a boot, a bunch or bundle, botte de foin, a bottle of hay. It would seem that

bottle is primarily a bag, and from the sense of swelling, bulging, or collecting into a bunch; if so, the word was originally applied to the bags of skins used as bottles in Asia. Yet the primary sense is not easily ascertained. The Arabic has a duck, Spanish pato, and urceus coriaceus in quo liquidiora circumferunt viatores. Cast.]

1. A hollow vessel of glass, wood, leather or other material, with a narrow mouth, for holding and carrying liquors. The oriental nations use skins or leather for the conveyance of liquors; and of this kind are the bottles mentioned in scripture. "Put new wine into new bottles." In Europe and America, glass is used for liquors of all kinds; and farmers use small cags or hollow vessels of wood. The small kinds of glass bottles are called vials or phials.

2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; but from the size of bottles used for wine, porter and cyder, a bottle is nearly a quart; as a bottle of wine or of porter.

3. A quantity of hay in a bundle; a bundle of hay.

Bottle

BOT'TLE, verb transitive To put into bottles; as, to bottle wine or porter. This includes the stopping of the bottles with corks.

Bottle-Ale

BOT'TLE-ALE, noun Bottled ale.

Shak.

Bottle-Companion

BOT'TLE-COMPANION, or BOT'TLE-FRIEND, noun A friend or companion in drinking.

Bottled

BOT'TLED, participle passive Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles.

2. Having a protuberant belly.

Shak.

Bottle-Flower

BOT'TLE-FLOWER, noun A plant, the cyanus, or blue bottle, a species of Centaurea.

Fam. of Plants.

Bottle-Screw

BOT'TLE-SCREW, noun A screw to draw corks out of bottles.

Bottling

BOT'TLING, participle of the present tense Putting into bottles.

Bottling

BOT'TLING, noun The act of putting into bottles and corking.

Bottom

BOT'TOM, noun [Saxon botm; Swedish botn; Dutch bodem; German boden. It seems to be allied to Greek, and to the Russian pad, a valley, padayu, to fall. The sense is from throwing down, setting, laying or beating down; a dialect perhaps of basis. Class Bd.]

1. The lowest part of any thing; as the bottom of a well, vat or ship; the bottom of a hill.

2. The ground under any body of water; as the bottom of the sea, of a river or lake.

3. The foundation or ground work of any thing, as of an edifice, or of any system or moral subject; the base, or that which supports any superstructure.

4. A low ground; a dale; a valley; applied in the U. States to the flat lands adjoining rivers, &c. It is so used in some parts of England.

Mitford.

5. The deepest part; that which is most remote from the view; as, let us examine this subject to the bottom.

6. Bound; limit.

There is no bottom in my voluptuousness.

Shak.

7. The utmost extent or depth of cavity, or of intellect, whether deep or shallow.

I do see the bottom of justice Shallow.

Shak.

8. The foundation, considered as the cause, spring or origin; the first moving cause; as, a foreign prince is at the bottom of the confederacy.

9. A ship or vessel. Goods imported in foreign bottoms pay a higher duty, than those imported in our own. Hence, a state of hazard, chance or risk; but in this sense it is used chiefly or solely in the singular. We say, venture not too much in one bottom; that is, do not hazard too much at a single risk.

10. A ball of thread. [Welsh botwm, a button; Cornish id. See Bottle.]

11. The bottom of a lane or alley, is the lowest end. This phrase supposes a declivity; but it is often used for the most remote part, when there is very little declivity.

12. The bottom of beer, or other liquor, is the grounds or dregs.

13. In the language of jockeys, stamina, native strength; as a horse of good bottom.

Bottom

BOT'TOM, verb transitive To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; followed by on; as, sound reasoning is bottomed on just premises.

2. To furnish with a seat or bottom; as, to bottom a chair.

3. To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread.

Shak.

Bottom

BOT'TOM, verb intransitive To rest upon, as its ultimate support.

Find on what foundation a proposition bottoms.

Locke.

Bottomed

BOT'TOMED, participle passive Furnished with a bottom; having a bottom.

This word is often used in composition, as a flat-bottomed boat, in which case the compound becomes an adjective.

Bottoming

BOT'TOMING, participle of the present tense Founding; building upon; furnishing with a bottom.

Bottomless

BOT'TOMLESS, adjective Without a bottom; applied to water, caverns &c., it signifies fathomless, whose bottom cannot be found by sounding; as a bottomless abyss or ocean.

Bottomry

BOT'TOMRY, noun [from bottom.] The act of borrowing money, and pledging the keel or bottom of the ship, that is, the ship itself, as security for the repayment of the money. The contract of bottomry is in the nature of a mortgage; the owner of a ship borrowing money to enable him to carry on a voyage, and pledging the ship as security for the money. If the ship is lost, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated, although it may exceed the legal rate of interest. The tackle of the ship also is answerable for the debt, as well as the person of the borrower. When a loan is made upon the goods shipped, the borrower is said to take up money at respondentia, as he is bound personally to answer the contract.

Blackstone. Park.

Bottony

BOT'TONY, noun [from the same root as bud, button.]

In heraldry, a cross bottony terminates at each end in three buds, knots or buttons, resembling in some measure the threeleaved grass.

Encyc.

Bouchet

BOUCHET', noun [French] A sort of pear.

Boud

BOUD, noun An insect that breeds in malt or other grain; called also a weevil.

Dict.

Bouge

BOUGE, verb intransitive booj. [French bouge, a lodge, the bilge of a cask; from the root of bow, which see.] To swell out. [Little used.]

Bouge

BOUGE, noun Provisions. [Not in use.]

Jonson.

Bough

BOUGH, noun bou. [Saxon bog, boh or bogh, the shoulder, a branch, an arm, the body of a tree, a stake, a tail, an arch, or bow; Swedish bog; Danish bov; from the same root as bow, to bend, to throw; Saxon bugan.]

The branch of a tree; applied to a branch of size, not to a small shoot.

Bought

BOUGHT, bawt, pret. and participle passive of buy [See Buy.]

Bought

BOUGHT, noun bawt [Dutch bogt, a bend, a coil; from boogen to bend. See Bight.]

1. A twist; a link; a knot; a flexure, or bend.

Milton. Brown.

2. The part of a sling that contains the stone.

Boughty

BOUGHT'Y, adjective baw'ty. Bending.

Sherwood.

Bougie

BOUGIE, noun boogee'. [French a wax-candle; Spanish bugia.]

In Surgery, a long slender instrument, that is introduced through the urethra into the bladder, to remove obstructions. It is usually made of slips of waxed linen, coiled into a slightly conical form by rolling them on any hard smooth surface. It is also made of catgut, elastic gum and metal; but those of waxed linen are generally preferred.

Hooper. Dorsey.

Bouillon

BOUILLON, noun [French from bouillir, to boil. See Boil.] Broth; soup.

Boulder-Wall

BOULDER-WALL, noun [rather bowlder-wall. See Bowlder.]

A wall built of round flints or pebbles laid in a strong mortar, used where the sea has a beach cast up, or where there is a plenty of flints.

Builder's Dict.

Boulet

BOULET', noun [from the root of ball, or bowl; French boule.]

In the manege, a horse is so called, when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward, and out of its natural position.

Encyc.

Boult

BOULT, an incorrect orthography. [See Bolt.]

Boultin

BOULTIN, noun [from the root of bolt; Spanish bulto, a protuberance.]

In architecture, a molding, the convexity of which is just one fourth of a circle, being a member just below the plinth in the Tuscan and Doric capital.

Encyc.

Bounce

BOUNCE, verb intransitive [Dutch bonzen, to bounce; bons, a bounce; allied probably to bound; Armoric boundiÃƒ-§za; French bondir.]

1. To leap or spring; to fly or rush out suddenly.

Out bounced the mastiff.

Swift.

2. To spring or leap against any thing, so as to rebound; to beat or thump by a spring.

Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart.

Dryden.

3. To beat hard, or thump, so as to make a sudden noise.

Another bounced as hard as he could knock.

Swift.

4. To boast or bully; used in familiar speech.

Johnson.

5. To be bold or strong.

Shak.

Bounce

BOUNCE, noun A heavy blow, thrust or thump with a large solid body.

The bounce burst open the door.

Dryden.

2. A loud heavy sound, as by an explosion.

Shak. Gay.

3. A boast; a threat; in low language.

Johnson.

4. A fish; a species of squalus or shark.

Encyc.

Bouncer

BOUN'CER, noun A boaster; a bully; in familiar language.

Johnson.

Bouncing

BOUN'CING, participle of the present tense Leaping; bounding with violence, as a heavy body; springing out; thumping with a loud noise; boasting; moving with force, as a heavy bounding body.

Bouncing

BOUN'CING, adjective Stout; strong; large and heavy; a customary sense in the U States; as a bouncing lass.

Bouncingly

BOUN'CINGLY, adverb Boastingly.

Bound

BOUND, noun [Norm. bonne, boune, a bound; bond, limited; bundes, limits; from bind, bond, that which binds; or from French bondir, to spring, and denoting the utmost extent.]

1. A limit; the line which comprehends the whole of any given object or space. It differs from boundary. See the latter. Bound is applied to kingdoms, states, cities, towns, tracts of land, and to territorial jurisdiction.

2. A limit by which any excursion is restrained; the limit of indulgence or desire; as, the love of money knows no bounds.

3. A leap; a spring; a jump; a rebound; [French bondir, to spring.]

4. In dancing, a spring from one foot to the other.

Bound

BOUND, verb transitive To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension, whether of natural or moral objects, as of land, or empire, or of passion, desire, indulgence. Hence, to restrain or confine; as, to bound our wishes. To bound in is hardly legitimate.

2. To make to bound.

Shaks.

Bound

BOUND, verb intransitive [French bondir; Armoric boundiÃƒ-§za.]

To leap; to jump; to spring; to move forward by leaps.

Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds.

Pope.

2. To reboundÃ‚--but the sense is the same.

Bound

BOUND, preterit tense and participle passive of bind. As a participle, made fast by a band, or by chains or fetters; obliged by moral ties; confined; restrained.

2. As a participle or perhaps more properly an adj., destined; tending; going, or intending to go; with to or for; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for Cadiz.

The application of this word, in this use, is taken from the orders given for the government of the voyage, implying obligation, or from tending, stretching. So destined implies being bound.

Bound is used in composition, as in ice-bound, wind-bound, when a ship is confined or prevented from sailing by ice or by contrary winds.

Boundary

BOUND'ARY, noun A limit; a bound. Johnson. This word is thus used as synonymous with bound. But the real sense is, a visible mark designating a limit. Bound is the limit itself or furthest point of extension, and may be an imaginary line; but boundary is the thing which ascertains the limit; terminus, not finis. Thus by a statute of Connecticut, it is enacted that the inhabitants of every town shall procure its bounds to be set out by such marks and boundaries as may be a plain direction for the future; which marks and boundaries shall be a great heap of stones or a ditch of six feet long, &c. This distinction is observed also in the statute of Massachusetts.

But the two words are, in ordinary use, confounded.

Bound-Bailiff

BOUND-BAILIFF, noun An officer appointed by a sheriff to execute process; so denominated from the bond given for the faithful discharge of his trust.

Blackstone.

Bounded

BOUND'ED, participle passive Limited; confined; restrained.

Bounden

BOUND'EN, participle passive of bind. [See Bind, and participle passive Bound.]

Bounder

BOUND'ER, noun One that limits; a boundary.

Herbert.

Bounding

BOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Limiting; confining; restraining; leaping; springing; rebounding; advancing with leaps.

Bounding-Stone

BOUND'ING-STONE, or BOUND'-STONE, noun A stone to play with.

Dryden.

Boundless

BOUND'LESS, adjective Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; as boundless space; boundless power.

Boundlessness

BOUND'LESSNESS, noun The quality of being without limits.

South.

Bounteous

BOUN'TEOUS, adjective [See Bounty.] Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generous; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as bounteous nature. It is used chiefly in poetry for bountiful.

Johnson.

Bounteously

BOUN'TEOUSLY, adverb Liberally; generously; largely; freely.

Bounteousness

BOUN'TEOUSNESS, noun Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; munificence; kindness.

Bountiful

BOUN'TIFUL, adjective [bounty and full.] Free to give; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors; munificent; generous.

God, the bountiful author of our being.

Locke.

It is followed by of before the thing given, and to before the person receiving.

Bountifully

BOUN'TIFULLY, adverb Liberally; largely; in a bountiful manner.

Bountifulness

BOUN'TIFULNESS, noun The quality of being bountiful; liberality in the bestowment of gifts and favors.

Bountihede

BOUN'TIHEDE, or BOUN'TIHEAD, noun Goodness. Obs.

Bounty

BOUN'TY, noun [French bontÃƒ-©, goodness, excellence, favor; Italian bontÃƒ- ; Latin bonitas, from bonus, good.]

1. Liberality in bestowing gifts and favors; generosity; munificence. The word includes the gift or favor and the kindness of disposition with which it is bestowed; or a favor bestowed with a benevolent disposition. This distinguishes it from a mere gift. It is also observed by Johnson, that it differs from charity, as a present from an alms, in not being bestowed upon persons absolutely necessitous. This is often the case; but bounty includes charity, as the genus comprehends the species; charity however does not necessarily include bounty, for charity or an alms may be given with reluctance.

The word may be used also for a free gift, 2 Corinthians 9:5; or a disposition to give, without the gift; goodness in general.

Spenser.

2. A premium offered or given, to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry, manufactures or commerce.

Bouquet

BOUQUET, noun booka'y. [French a plume, a nosegay; Armoric boged; Italian boschetto. See Bush.]

A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.

Bourd

BOURD, noun A jest. Obs.

Spenser.

Bourder

BOURD'ER, noun A jester. Obs.

Bourgeois

BOURGEOIS', noun burjois'. [It appears to be a French word, but I know not the reason of its application to types.]

A small kind of printing types, in size between long primer and brevier. The type on which the main body of this work is printed.

Bourgeon

BOUR'GEON, verb intransitive bur'jun. [French bourgeon, a bud; Armoric bourgeon, a button, or a bud.]

To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth as a branch.

Goldsmith.

Bourn

BOURN, rather BORNE, noun [French borne, a limit; borner, to bound. In the sense of a stream Saxon burn; Swedish brunn; Dutch bron; German brunnen; Danish brÃƒ-¶nd.]

1. A bound; a limit.

That undiscovered country, from whose bourn

No traveller returns._____

Shak.

2. A brook; a torrent; a rivulet. [In this sense obsolete; but retained in many names of towns, seated on the banks of streams. In Scotland, it is still used in the sense of a brook, but they write it burn.]

Bournonite

BOURNONITE, noun Antimonial sulphuret of lead.

Ure.

Bouse

BOUSE, or BOOZE, verb intransitive booz. [Armoric beuzi, to overflow, to drown; Welsh bozi; Old Dutch buysen. In Russian busa is a drink brewed from millet. Tooke.]

To drink freely; to tope; to guzzle. [A vulgar word.]

Spenser.

Bousy

BOUS'Y, adjective booz'y. Drunken; intoxicated. [Vulgar.]

Dryden.

Bout

BOUT, noun [French bout, end, or Italian botta, a stroke.]

A turn; as much of an action as is performed at one time; a single part of an action carried on at successive intervals; essay; attempt.

Sidney. Dryden.

Bout

BOUT, noun [Italian beuita, or bevuta, a drinking, from bere, or bevere, to drink; Latin bibo; French boire; Spanish beber.]

We use this word tautologically in the phrase, a drinking-bout; or the word is the same as the preceding.

Boutade

BOUTA'DE, noun [French from bouter, Spanish botar, Italian buttare, to thrust; put; allied to bud.]

Properly, a start; hence, a whim. [Not English.]

Swift.

Boutefeu

BOUTEFEU, noun [French from bouter, to throw, and feu, fire; or according to Thomson, from boute, a match. Qu. from the root of bate or better.]

An incendiary; a make-bate. [Not English.]

Bacon.

Boutisale

BOUTISALE, noun [Qu. sale of booty, or from boute, a match. Thomson.]

A cheap sale; or according to others, a sale by a lighted match, during the burning of which a man may bid. [Not used.]

Hayward.

Bovate

BO'VATE, noun [In Law Latin bovata, from bos, bovis, an ox.]

An ox-gate, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; Cowell says 28 acres.

Bovey-Coal

BO'VEY-COAL, noun Brown lignite, an inflammable fossil, resembling, in many of its properties, bituminous wood. Its structure is a little slaty; its cross fracture, even or conchoidal, with a resinous luster, somewhat shining. It is brittle, burns with a weak flame, and exhales an odor, which is generally disagreeable.

Cleaveland.

Bovine

BO'VINE, adjective [Low Latin bovinus, from bos, bovis, an ox; Welsh bu, buw, buÃƒ-§, buwÃƒ-§, and the verb, buÃƒ-§iaw, to bellow.]

Pertaining to oxen and cows, or the quadrupeds of the genus Bos.

This animal is the strongest and fiercest of the bovine genus.

Barrow's Trav.

The ox-born souls mean nothing more than the eight living souls, who issued from their allegorical mother, the bovine ark.

Faber.

Bow

BOW, verb transitive [Saxon bugan, bygan; Welsh bwan, and bacu, to bend, to grapple; German biegen, beugen; Dutch boogen, buigen; Swedish buya; Danish bÃƒ-¶yer, to bend.]

1. To bend; to inflect; as, to bow vines.

2. To bend the body in token of respect or civility; as, to bow the head.

3. To bend or incline towards, in condescension.

Bow down thine ear to the poor. Eccles.

4. To depress; to crush; to subdue.

His heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave.

He bows the nations to his will.

Bow

BOW, verb intransitive To bend; to curve; to be inflected; to bend, in token of reverence, respect or civility; often with down.

This is the idol to which the world bows.

2. To stoop; to fall upon the knees.

The people bowed upon their knees. Judges.

3. To sink under pressure.

They stoop: they bow down together. Isaiah.

Bow

BOW, noun An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission.

Bow

BOW, noun [See bow, to bend.] An instrument of war, and hunting, made of wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to each end. The bow being bent by drawing the string, and suddenly returning to its natural state by its elastic force, throws an arrow to a great distance, and with force sufficient to kill an animal. It is of two kinds, the long-bow, and the cross-bow, arbalet or arbalest. The use of the bow is called archery.

2. Any thing bent, or in form of a curve; the rainbow; the doubling of a string in a knot; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck; &c.

3. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music, causes it to sound.

4. A beam of wood or brass, with three long screws that direct a lathe of wood or steel to any arch; used in forming drafts of ships, and projections of the sphere, or wherever it is necessary to draw large arches.

Harris.

5. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea, consisting of a large arch of ninety degrees graduated, a shank or staff, a side-vane, a sight-vane, and a horizon-vane; now disused.

Encyc.

6. An instrument in use among smiths for turning a drill; with turners, for turning wood; with hatters, for breaking fur and wool.

7. Bows of a saddle, are the two pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper part of a horse's back, to give the saddle its due form, and to keep it tight.

Farrier's Dict.

8. Bow of a ship, is the rounding part of her side forward, beginning where the planks arch inwards, and terminating where they close, at the stem or prow. A narrow bow is called a lean bow; a broad one, a bold or bluff bow.

On the bow, in navigation, is an arch of the horizon, not exceeding 45 degrees, comprehended between some distant object, and that point of the compass which is right ahead.

Mar. Dict.

Bow-Bearer

BOW-BEARER, noun [bow and bear.] An under officer of the forest, whose duty is to inform of trespasses.

Cowel.

Bow-Bent

BOW-BENT, adjective [bow and bend.] Crooked.

Milton.

Bow-Dye

BOW-DYE, noun A kind of scarlet color, superior to madder, but inferior to the true scarlet grain for fixedness, and duration; first used at Bow, near London.

Encyc.

Bow-Grace

BOW'-GRACE, noun In sea language, a frame or composition of junk, laid out at the sides, stem, or bows of ships to secure them from injury by ice.

Encyc.

Bow-Hand

BOW-HAND, noun [bow and hand.] The hand that draws a bow.

Spenser.

Bow-Legged

BOW-LEGGED, adjective [bow and leg.] Having crooked legs.

Johnson.

Bowman

BOWMAN, noun [bow and man.] A man who uses a bow; an archer. Jerem. iv. 29.

Bowman

BOW'MAN, noun The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat.

Mar. Dict.

Bownet

BOWNET, noun [bow and net.] An engine for catching lobsters and crawfish, called also bow-wheel. It is made of two round wicker baskets, pointed at the end, one of which is thrust into the other, and at the mouth is a little rim bent inwards.

Encyc.

Bow-Piece

BOW'-PIECE noun [bow and piece.] A piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship.

Encyc.

Bow-Shot

BOW-SHOT, noun [bow and shot.] The space which an arrow may pass when shot from a bow. Genesis 21:16.

Boyle.

Bowsprit

BOWSPRIT, noun [bow and sprit; Dutch boegspriet; Danish boug-sprid; German bugspriet. See Sprit.]

A large boom or spar, which projects over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward. [This is probably the true orthography.]

Mar. Dict.

Bow-String

BOW-STRING, noun [bow and string.] The string of a bow.

Bow-Window

BOW-WINDOW. [See Bay-window.]

Bowable

BOW'ABLE, adjective Of a flexible disposition. [Not in use.]

Bowed

BOW'ED, participle passive Bent; crushed; subdued.

Bowed

BOWED, participle passive Bent; like a bow.

Bowels

BOW'ELS, noun plu. [German bauch; Dutch buik; Swedish buk; Danish bug; French boyau; Welsh bog, a swelling; bogel, the navel. The sense is protuberance.]

1. The intestines of an animal; the entrails, especially of man. The heart. 2. Corinthians 6:12.

2. The interior part of any thing; as the bowels of the earth.

3. The seat of pity or kindness; hence, tenderness, compassion, a scriptural sense.

Bowel, in the singular, is sometimes used for gut.

Bowel

BOW'EL, verb transitive To take out the bowels; to eviscerate; to penetrate the bowels.

Ainsworth. Ash.

Bowelless

BOW'ELLESS, adjective Without tenderness or pity.

Bower

BOW'ER, noun [from bow.] An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. There are generally two bowers, called first and second, great and little, or best and small.

Encyc.

Bower

BOW'ER, noun [Saxon bur, a chamber or private apartment, a hut, a cottage; Welsh bwr, an inclosure.]

1. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees bent and twined together. It differs from arbor in that it may be round or square, whereas an arbor is long and arched.

Milton. Encyc.

2. A bed-chamber; any room in a house except the hall.

Spenser. Mason.

3. A country seat; a cottage.

Shenstone. B. Jonson.

4. A shady recess; a plantation for shade.

Welsh Brown.

Bower

BOW'ER, verb transitive To embower to inclose.

Shaks.

Bower

BOW'ER, verb intransitive To lodge.

Spenser.

Bowers

BOW'ERS, or BOW'RS, noun [from bow.] Muscles that bend the joints.

Spenser. Mason.

Bowery

BOW'ERY, adjective Covering; shading as a bower; also, containing bowers.

Thomson.

A bowery maze that shades the purple streams.

Trumbull.

Bowess

BOW'ESS, BOW'ET, noun A young hawk, when it begins to get out of the nest; a term in falconry.

Encyc. Ash.

Bowge

BOWGE, verb intransitive To swell out. [See Bouge.]

Bowge

BOWGE, verb intransitive To perforate; as, to bowge a ship.

Ainsworth.

[I do not find this word in any other author.]

Bowing

BOW'ING, participle of the present tense Bending; stooping; making a bow.

Bowingly

BOW'INGLY, adverb In a bending manner.

Bowl

BOWL, noun [Saxon bolla. In Latin, vola is the hollow of the hand.]

1. A concave vessel to hold liquors, rather wide than deep, and thus distinguished from a cup, which is rather deep than wide.

2. The hollow part of any thing; as the bowl of a spoon.

3. A basin; a fountain.

Bacon.

Bowl

BOWL, noun [Dutch bol; French boule; Spanish bola; Armoric boul, a ball; Welsh pel.]

A ball of wood used for play on a level plat of ground.

Bowl

BOWL, verb intransitive To play with bowls, or at bowling.

Bowl

BOWL, verb transitive To roll as a bowl; also, to pelt with any thing rolled.

Shak.

Bowlder

BOWLDER, noun [from bowl.] A small stone of a roundish form, and of no determinate size, found on the sea shore and on the banks or in the channels of rivers, &c., worn smooth or rounded by the action of water; a pebble.

Johnson. Encyc.

The term bowlder is now used in Geology for rounded masses of any rock, found out of place, and apparently transported from their original bed by water. Bowlders of Granite, often of great size, are very common on the surface of the most recent formations.

Bowlder-Stone

BOWLDER-STONE. [See Bowlder.]

Bowlder-Wall

BOWLDER-WALL, noun A wall constructed of pebbles or bowlders of flint or other siliceous stones, which have been rounded by the action of water.

Builder's Dict.

Bowler

BOWLER, noun One who plays at bowls.

Bowline

BOWLINE, noun [Spanish and Portugese bolina; Armoric bouline, "voile de biais pour recevoir le vent de cotÃƒ-©," a slanting sail to receive a side wind, Gregoire; French bouline, a tack; bouliner, to tack, to turn one way and the other, to dodge or shift. But in Danish it is bougline, the line of the bow or bend.]

A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, by subordinate parts, called bridles, and used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship is close hauled.

Mar. Dict.

Bowline-bridles, are the ropes by which the bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail.

Encyc.

Bowling

BOWLING, participle of the present tense Playing at bowls.

Bowling-Green

BOWLING-GREEN, noun [bowl and green.]

A level piece of ground kept smooth for bowling.

2. In gardening, a parterre in a grove, laid with fine turf, with compartments of divers figures, with dwarf trees and other decorations. It may be used for bowling; but the French and Italians have such greens for ornament.

Encyc.

Bowse

BOWSE, verb intransitive In seaman's language, to pull or haul; as, to bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, to pull all together.

Encyc.

Bowssen

BOWSS'EN, verb transitive To drink; to drench. [Not used.] Qu. bouse.

Bowyer

BOWYER, noun [from bow, a corruption of bower, like sawyer.]

An archer; one who uses a bow; one who makes bows. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Box

BOX, noun [Saxon box, a coffer and the boxtree; Latin buxus, the tree, and pyxis, a box; Greek, a box, and, the tree; the fist; Irish bugsa, buksa; Swedish buxbom; German buchsbaum; Danish buxbom, the box tree; German bÃƒ-¼chse, a box; Italian bosso, the box tree; bossolo, a box; Spanish box, the tree; Portugese buxo, the tree; buxa, a stopple; Pers. buxus, box tree; Arabic the same. Box may be from closeness, applied to the shrub, the fist and the case.]

A coffer or chest, either of wood or metal. In general, the word box is used for a case of rough boards, or more slightly made than a chest, and used for the conveyance of goods. But the name is applied to cases of any size and of any materials; as a wooden box, a tin box, an iron box, a strong box.

2. The quantity that a box contains; as a box of quicksilver; a box of rings. In some cases, the quantity called a box is fixed by custom; in others, it is uncertain, as a box of tea or sugar.

3. A certain seat in a play-house, or in any public room.

4. The case which contains the mariner's compass.

5. A money chest.

6. A tree or shrub, constituting the genus buxus, used for bordering flower-beds.

The African box is the myrsine.

7. A blow on the head with the hand, or on the ear with the open hand.

8. A cylindrical hollow iron used in wheels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hollow tube in a pump, closed with a valve.

Box

BOX, verb intransitive To fight with the fist; to combat with the hand or fist.

Box

BOX, verb transitive To inclose in a box; also, to furnish with boxes, as a wheel or block.

2. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the ear or side of the head.

3. To rehearse the several points of the compass in their proper order.

Encyc.

4. To make a hole or cut in a tree, to procure the sap; as, to box a maple.

5. To sail round. [Spanish boxar.]

Boxed

BOX'ED, participle passive Inclosed in a box; struck on the head with the fist or hand; furnished with a box or hollow iron, as a wheel.

Boxen

BOX'EN, adjective Made of box-wood; resembling box.

Dryden. Gay.

Boxer

BOX'ER, noun One who fights with his fist.

Box-Haul

BOX'-HAUL, verb transitive To veer a ship in a particular manner, when it is impracticable to tack.

Chambers.

Boxing

BOX'ING, participle of the present tense Inclosing in a box; striking with the fist; furnishing with a box.

Boxing

BOX'ING, noun The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist.

Box-Thorn

BOX'-THORN, noun [box and thorn.] A plant, the Lycium, or a species of it.

Fam. of Plants.

Boy

BOY, noun [Pers. bach, a boy; Welsh baÃƒ-§gen, from baÃƒ-§, little; Armoric buguel, a child, bugale, boyish; Swedish poike, a young boy; Danish pog; French page. See Beagle and Pug. Boy is a contracted word, and probably the Latin puer for puger, for we see by puella, that r is not radical. So the Greek probably is contracted, for the derivative verb, forms,. The radical letters probably are Bg or Pg.]

A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; but in general, applied to males under ten or twelve years of age; a lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a young man, indicating immaturity, want of vigor or judgment.

Boy

BOY, verb transitive To treat as a boy.

Johnson.

Rather, to act as a boy; to imitate a boy in action. The passage in Shakspeare, in which this word is found, is supposed to allude to the practice of boys acting women's parts, on the stage.

I shall see some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness.

See Mason's Sup. to Johnson.

Boyar

BOY'AR, noun A Russian nobleman. [See Boiar.]

Boyau

BOY'AU, noun boy'o. [French boyau, a gut, and a branch of a tree.]

In fortification, a ditch covered with a parapet, serving as a communication between two trenches.

Encyc.

Boy-Blind

BOY-BLIND, adjective Blind as a boy; undiscerning. Obs.

Beaum.

Boyer

BOY'ER, noun A Flemish sloop, with a castle at each end.

Encyc.

Boyhood

BOY'HOOD, noun [boy and hood.] The state of a boy, or of immature age.

Swift.

Boyish

BOY'ISH, adjective Belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; resembling a boy in manners or opinions; puerile.

Shak.

Boyishly

BOY'ISHLY, adverb Childishly; in a trifling manner.

Sherwood.

Boyishness

BOY'ISHNESS, noun Childishness; the manners or behavior of a boy.

Boyism

BOY'ISM, noun Childishness; puerility.

Dryden.

2. The state of a boy.

Warton.

Boys-Play

BOYS-PLAY, noun Childish amusement; any thing trifling.

Boyuna

BOYU'NA, noun A large serpent of America, black and slender, having an intolerable smell. Also, a harmless reptile.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bp

BP. An abbreviation of Bishop.

Brabantine

BRABANT'INE, adjective Pertaining to Brabant, a province of the Netherlands, of which Brussels is the capital.

State Papers, V. ii.

Brabble

BRAB'BLE, noun [Dutch brabbelen, to stammer.]

A broil; a clamorous contest; a wrangle. Obs.

Shak.

Brabble

BRAB'BLE, verb intransitive To clamor; to contest noisily. Obs.

Beaum. and Fletcher.

Brabbler

BRAB'BLER, noun A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. Obs.

Shak.

Brabbling

BRAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Clamoring; wrangling. Obs.

Brace

BRACE, noun [French bras; Spanish brazo; Portugese braÃƒ-§o Arm breach, or breh; Irish brac and raigh; Welsh braic; Cornish breck, or breh; Latin brachium; Greek, the arm. This word furnishes clear and decisive evidence of the change of a palatal letter into a sibilant. The change comes through the Spanish or other Celtic dialect, brach, brazo, the Spanish z being originally a palatal or guttural; thence to the French bras, and brace. In like manner, Durazzo is formed from Dyrrachium. The Greek verbs furnish a multitude of similar changes. This word furnishes also a proof that b is a prefix, for in Irish brac is written also raigh. The sense of arm is, that which breaks forth, a shoot. From bras, the French have embrasser, to embrace, and in Spanish brazas is braces, and bracear is to brace, and to swing the arms. Brace, in naval affairs, is in Dutch bras; Danish bras, and braser, to brace. Qu. is this the same word as the French bras, an arm.]

1. In architecture, a piece of timber framed in with bevel joints, to keep the building from swerving either way. It extends like an arm from the post or main timber.

2. That which holds any thing tight; a cincture or bandage. The braces of a drum are not bands.

3. A pair; a couple; as a brace of ducks. It is used of persons only in contempt, or in the style of drollery.

4. In music, a double curve at the beginning of stave.

5. A thick strap, which supports a carriage on wheels.

6. A crooked line in printing, connecting two or more words or lines; thus, boll. or bowl.

It is used to connect triplets in poetry.

7. In marine language, a rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, to square or traverse the yard. The name is given also to pieces of iron which are used as supports; such as of the poop lanterns, &c.

Mar. Dict.

8. Brace, or brasse, is a foreign measure answering to our fathom.

9. Harness; warlike preparation; as we say, girded for battle.

Shak.

10. Tension; tightness.

Holder.

11. Braces, plu., suspenders, the straps that sustain pantaloons, &c.

12. The braces of a drum, are the cords on the sides of it, for tightening the heads and snares.

Brace

BRACE, verb transitive To draw tight; to tighten; to bind or tie close; to make tight and firm.

2. To make tense; to strain up; as, to brace a drum.

3. To furnish with braces; as, to brace a building.

4. To strengthen; to increase tension; as, to brace the nerves.

5. In marine language, to bring the yards to either side.

To brace about is to turn the yards round for the contrary tack.

To brace sharp is to cause the yards to have the smallest possible angle with the keel.

To brace to is to check or ease off the lec braces, and round-in the weather ones, to assist in tacking.

Mar. Dict.

Braced

BRA'CED, participle passive Furnished with braces; drawn close and tight; made tense.

Bracelet

BRA'CELET, noun [French brasselet, and bracelet; Italian bracciale, braccialetto; Spanish brazalete. See Brace.]

1. An ornament for the wrist, worn by ladies. This ornament seems anciently to have been worn by men as well as women.

2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm.

Johnson.

Bracer

BRA'CER, noun That which braces, binds or makes firm; a band or bandage; also, armor for the arm.

Chaucer.

2. An astringent medicine, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body.

Brach

BRACH, noun [French braque; Dutch brak; Italian bracco, a setting dog; Spanish braco, pointing or setting as a pointer.] A bitch of the hound kind.

Shak.

Brachial

BRACH'IAL, adjective [Latin brachium, from the Celtic braic, brac, the arm.] Belonging to the arm; as the brachial artery.

Hooper.

Brachiate

BRACH'IATE, adjective [See Brachial.] In botany, having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles with the next.

Martyn.

Brachman

BRACH'MAN, or BRAM'IN, noun An ancient philosopher of India. The branchmans are a branch of the ancient gymnosophists, and remarkable for the severity of their lives and manners.

Encyc.

Brachygrapher

BRACHYG'RAPHER, noun [See the next word.] A writer in short hand.

Gayton.

Brachygraphy

BRACHYG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, short, and, a writing.]

The art or practice of writing in short hand; stenography.

B. Jonson.

Brachylogy

BRACHYL'OGY, noun [Greek, short, and, expression.]

In rhetoric, the expressing of any thing in the most concise manner.

Encyc.

Brack

BRACK, noun [German bruch; Danish broek; Norm. brek; from break, which see.]

An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a breach; a broken part.

Bracken

BRACK'EN, noun Fern. [See Brake.]

Bracket

BRACK'ET, noun [French braquer, to bend. Qu. Oriental, Arabic Chaldee Hebrew Syriac Samaritan and Ethiopic, to bend the knee; hence it signifies the knee.]

1. Among workers in timber, an angular wooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to support shelves, scaffolds and the like.

2. The cheek of a mortar carriage, made of strong plank.

Encyc.

3. In printing, hooks; thus, [].

Brackish

BRACK'ISH, adjective [Dutch brak, overflowed; qu. from break or Greek, to water. Perhaps applied to land on which salt water has flowed.]

Salt, or salt in a moderate degree; it is applied to any water partially saturated with salt.

Bacon.

Brackishness

BRACK'ISHNESS, noun The quality of being brackish; saltness in a small degree.

Cheyne.

Bracky

BRACK'Y, adjective Brackish. [Not used.]

Bractea

BRAC'TEA, or BRACTE, noun [Latin Ainsworth writes, bractea, or brattea.]

In botany, a floral leaf, one of the seven fulcrums or props of plants. It differs from other leaves in shape and color, and is generally situated on the peduncle, so near the corol, as easily to be mistaken for the calyx.

Martyn.

In the Asiatic Researches, iv. 354, this word is anglicized, and written bract.

Bracteate

BRAC'TEATE, adjective [from bractea.] Furnished with bractes.

Barton.

Bracted

BRAC'TED, adjective Furnished with bractes.

Martyn.

Bracteole

BRAC'TEOLE, noun A little bract.

De Candolle.

Bracteolate

BRAC'TEOLATE, adjective Furnished with bracteoles.

Brad

BRAD, in Saxon, is broad, and occurs in names; as in Bradford, broadford.

Brad

BRAD, noun [Armoric broud, a point; Irish brod, or braid; Danish braad, a goad or sting; Chaldee a dart, a borer.]

A particular kind of nail, used in floors and other work, where it is deemed proper to drive nails entirely into the wood. For this purpose, it is made without a broad head or shoulder over the shank.

Moxon.

Bradypus

BRAD'YPUS, noun The sloth, which see.

Brag

BRAG, verb intransitive [Welsh bragiaw, to swell, to shoot up, to brag; brag, a sprouting, malt; bragu, to malt. It coincides with Danish brager, to crackle, Greek, to brag, and many other words signifying to break or shoot forth. See Brave.]

To boast; to display one's actions, merits or advantages ostentatiously; to tell boastful stories; followed by of; as, to brag of a good horse, or of a feat.

Sidney. Shak.

To brag on is vulgar; indeed the word itself is become low, and is not to be used in elegant composition.

Brag

BRAG, noun A boast, or boasting; ostentatious verbal display of one's deeds, or advantages; the thing boasted.

Milton. Bacon.

Spenser has used this word as an advery for proudly.

Brag

BRAG, noun A game at cards.

Chesterfield.

Braggadocio

BRAGGADO'CIO, noun A puffing, boasting fellow.

Dryden.

Braggardism

BRAG'GARDISM, noun Boastfulness; vain ostentation.

Braggart

BRAG'GART, noun [brag and art, ard, kind.] A boaster; a vain fellow.

Shak.

Braggart

BRAG'GART, adjective Boastful; vainly ostentatious.

Donne.

Bragger

BRAG'GER, noun One who brags; a boaster.

Bragget

BRAG'GET, noun [Welsh bragawd. See Brag.]

A liquor made by fermenting the wort of ale and mead.

Owen.

Bragging

BRAG'GING, participle of the present tense Boasting.

Braggingly

BRAG'GINGLY, adverb Boastingly.

Bragless

BRAG'LESS, adjective Without bragging, or ostentation. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Bragly

BRAG'LY, adverb Finely; so as it may be bragged of. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Brahmanic

BRAHMAN'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Brachmans or Bramins of India.

Vallancey.

Braid

BRAID, verb transitive [Saxon bredan, to braid; Old brede; Danish breider, to upbraid.]

1. To weave or infold three or more strands to form one.

2. To reproach. Obs. [See Upbraid.]

Braid

BRAID, noun A string, cord or other texture, formed by weaving together different strands.

2. A start.

Sackville.

Braid

BRAID, adjective Deceitful.

Shak.

Chaucer used the Saxon word brede, to deceive. This is the figurative sense of braid. Obs.

Brail

BRAIL, noun [French brayer, a brail, or truss, a contracted word.]

1. A piece of leather to bind up a hawk's wing.

Bailey.

2. In navigation, brails are ropes passing through pulleys, on the mizen mast and yard, and fastened to the aftmost leech of the sail in different places, to truss it up close. Also, all ropes employed to haul up the bottoms, lower corners and skirts of the other great sails, for the more ready furling of them.

Mar. Dict.

Brail

BRAIL, verb transitive To brail up, is to haul up into the brails, or to truss up with the brails.

Mar. Dict.

Brain

BRAIN, noun [Saxon broegan, bregen, bragen, Dutch brein; Greek, properly the fore part of the head or sinciput, also the brain.]

1. That soft whitish mass, or viscus, inclosed in the cranium or skull, in which the nerves and spinal marrow terminate, and which is supposed to be the seat of the soul or intelligent principle in man. It is divided above into a right and left hemisphere, and below into six lobes. It is composed of a cortical substance, which is external, and a medullary, which is internal. From the brain proceed nine pair of nerves, which are distributed principally to the head and neck.

Hooper. Encyc.

2. The understanding.

Hale.

3. The affections; fancy; imagination. [Unusual.]

Shak. Sandys.

Brain

BRAIN, verb transitive To dash out the brains; to kill by beating out the brains.

Pope. Dryden.

2. To conceive; to understand. [Not used.]

Shak.

Brainish

BRA'INISH, adjective Hot-headed; furious; as Latin cerebrosus.

Shak.

Brainless

BRA'INLESS, adjective Without understanding; silly; thoughtless; witless.

Tickel. Shak.

Brainpan

BRA'INPAN, noun [brain and pan.] The skull which incloses the brain.

Dryden.

Brainsick

BRA'INSICK, adjective [brain and sick.] Disordered in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless.

Shak. Knolles.

Brainsickly

BRA'INSICKLY, adverb Weakly; with a disordered understanding.

Shak.

Brainsickness

BRA'INSICKNESS, noun Disorder of the understanding; giddiness; indiscretion.

Brait

BRAIT, noun Among jewelers, a rough diamond.

Brake

BRAKE, participle passive of break. Obs. [See Break.]

Brake

BRAKE, noun [Welsh brwg; Irish fraoch; Portugese brejo; Spanish brezo; Danish bregne; German breche; Latin erica; Greek, to break. So named probably from its roughness or broken appearance.]

1. Brake is a name given to fern, or rather to the female fern, a species of cryptogamian plants, of the genus Pteris, whose fructification is in lines under the margin of the leaf or frond.

Fam. of Plants. Encyc.

2. A place overgrown with brake.

Encyc.

3. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles.

Johnson.

4. In the U. States, a thicket of canes, as a cane-brake; but I believe used only in composition.

Ellicott.

Brake

BRAKE, noun [See Break.] An instrument to break flax or hemp.

2. The handle or lever by which a pump is worked; that is, brac, brachium, an arm.

3. A baker's kneading trough.

4. A sharp bit, or snaffle.

5. A machine for confining refractory horses, while the smith is shoeing them.

Johnson.

6. That part of the carriage of a movable battery or engine which enables it to turn.

Fairfax.

7. A large heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; called also a drag.

Braky

BRA'KY, adjective Full of brakes; abounding with brambles or shrubs; rough; thorny.

B. Jonson.

Brama

BRAM'A, noun The bream, a fish. [See Bream.]

Brama

BRAM'A, or BRUM'A, or BRAH'MA, noun [Broum, Piromis. Herodotus. Qu. Latin primus, Irish priomh, first, chief, Gothic frum, origin, beginning.]

The chief deity of the Indian nations, considered as the creator of all things.

As. Researches.

Bramble

BRAM'BLE, noun [Saxon brembel, brembr, bremel, a bramble, rubus, vepres; Dutch braam, braambosh, braamstruik, bramble; German brombeer, blackberry; brombeerstaude, bramble. This plant probably is named from its berry or its prickles. See Broom.]

The raspberry bush or blackberry bush; a general name of the genus rubus, of which there are several species. They are armed with prickles; hence in common language, any rough, prickly shrub.

Bramblebush

BRAM'BLEBUSH, noun [bramble and bush.]

The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together.

Ash.

Brambled

BRAM'BLED, adjective Overgrown with brambles.

Bramble-Net

BRAM'BLE-NET, noun [bramble and net.]

A hallier, or a net to catch birds.

Encyc. Ash.

Brambling

BRAM'BLING, or BRAM'BLE, noun A bird, a species of fringilla, the mountain finch.

Encyc.

Bramin

BRAM'IN, or BRAH'MIN, noun [See Brachman.]

A priest among the Hindoos and other nations of India. There are several orders of Bramins, many of whom are very corrupt in their morals; others live sequestered from the world devoted to superstition and indolence. They are the only persons who understand the Sanscrit, or ancient language of the country, in which their sacred books are written; and to them are European nations indebted for their knowledge of the language. They worship Brama, the supposed creator of the world, but have many subordinate deities.

Braminess

BRAM'INESS, or BRAMINEE', noun The wife of a Bramin.

Braminical

BRAMIN'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Bramins, or their doctrines and worship; as the Braminical system.

Asiat. Researches.

Braminism

BRAM'INISM, noun The religion, or system of doctrines of the Bramins.

Bran

BRAN, noun [Welsh bran, composed of b and rhan, a piece, from rhanu, to rend or tear; Armoric brenn; Irish and French bran. In Italian, brano, is a piece or bit. Armoric ranna; Irish rannam, to tear.]

The outer coat of wheat, rye or other farinaceous grain, separated from the flour by grinding.

Bran-New

BRAN-NEW, properly brand-new, adjective [German brennen, to burn; brand, burning.] Quite new, [fire new]; bright or shining.

Brancard

BRANC'ARD, noun [French] A horse litter. [Not in use.]

Branch

BR'ANCH, noun [French branche; Armoric brancq. If n is not radical, this word coincides with Welsh braic, the arm, a shoot. This is probably the fact.]

1. The shoot of a tree or other plant; a limb; a bough shooting from the stem, or from another branch or bough. Johnson restricts the word to a shoot from a main bough; but the definition is warranted neither by etymology nor usage.

A division of a main stem, supporting the leaves and fructification.

Martyn.

An arm of a tree sprouting from the stem.

Encyc.

2. Any arm or extended part shooting or extended from the main body of a thing; as the branch of a candlestick or of an artery. Hence, from similitude, a smaller stream running into a larger one, or proceeding from it. Also, the shoot of a stag's horn; an antler.

3. Any member or part of a body, or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; as, charity is a branch of christian duty.

4. Any individual of a family descending in a collateral line; any descendant from a common parent or stock.

5. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross chains and the curb.

Encyc.

6. In architecture, branches of ogives are the arches of Gothic vaults, traversing from one angle to another diagonally, and forming a cross between the other arches, which make the sides of the square, of which these arches are diagonals.

Harris.

7. A warrant or commission given to a pilot.

Laws of Massachusetts.

8. A chandelier.

Ash.

Branch

BR'ANCH, verb intransitive To shoot or spread in branches; to ramify, as a plant, or as horns.

2. To divide into separate parts, or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral subject; to ramify.

3. To speak diffusively; to make many distinctions or divisions in a discourse.

4. To have horns shooting out.

Milton.

Branch

BR'ANCH, verb transitive To divide as into branches; to make subordinate divisions.

Bacon.

2. To adorn with needle work, representing branches, flowers, or twigs.

Spenser.

Branched

BR'ANCHED, participle passive Divided or spread into branches; separated into subordinate parts; adorned with branches; furnished with branches.

Brancher

BR'ANCHER, noun One that shoots forth branches.

2. A young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches.

Branchery

BR'ANCHERY, noun The ramifications or ramified vessels dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit.

Encyc. Ash.

Branchiness

BR'ANCHINESS, noun Fulness of branches.

Johnson.

Branching

BR'ANCHING, participle of the present tense Shooting in branches; dividing into several subordinate parts.

Branching

BR'ANCHING, adjective Furnished with branches; shooting out branches.

Branchiostegous

BRANCHIOS'TEGOUS, adjective [Greek, gills, and, a covering.] Having gillcovers, or covered gills, as a branchiostegous fish; covering the gills, as the branchiostegous membrane. The branchiostegi are an order of fish in the Linnean system, the rays of whose fins are bony, but whose gill-covers are destitute of bony rays.

Branch-Leaf

BR'ANCH-LEAF, noun A leaf growing on a branch.

Martyn.

Branchless

BR'ANCHLESS, adjective Destitute of branches, or shoots; without any valuable product; barren; naked.

Shak.

Branchlet

BR'ANCHLET, noun A little branch; a twig; the subdivision of a branch.

Martyn. Asiat. Researches.

Branch-Peduncle

BR'ANCH-PEDUNCLE, noun A peduncle springing from a branch.

Martyn.

Branch-Pilot

BR'ANCH-PILOT, noun A pilot who has a branch or public commission.

Laws of Massachusetts and N. York.

Branchy

BR'ANCHY, adjective Full of branches; having wide spreading branches.

Pope.

Brand

BRAND, noun [Saxon brand; Dutch brand; German brand; Danish broede; Swedish brand; from brenna, brennen, to burn. See Burn.]

1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct.

2. A sword, either from brandishing, French brandir, or from its glittering brightness; now obsolete, unless in poetry.

Milton.

3. A thunder-bolt.

Granville.

4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a criminal, or upon a cask; a stigma; any note of infamy.

Bacon. Dryden.

Brand

BRAND, verb transitive To burn or impress a mark with a hot iron; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment; or to brand a cask or any thing else, for the purpose of fixing a mark upon it.

2. To fix a mark or character of infamy, in allusion to the branding of criminals; to stigmatize as infamous; as, to brand a vice with infamy.

Rowe. Addison.

Branded

BRAND'ED, participle passive Marked with a hot iron; stigmatized.

Brand-Goose

BRAND'-GOOSE, noun A species of Anas, or the goose kind; usually called in America brant or brent.

Branding

BRAND'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing a mark with a hot iron; fixing a stigma or mark of reproach.

Brand-Iron

BRAND'-IRON, or BRAND'ING-IRON, noun An iron to brand with.

Brandish

BRAND'ISH, verb transitive [French brandir; Portugese brandir; Spanish blandir, r changed into l; Italian brandire; probably allied to French branler, to shake.]

1. To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise, and move in various directions; to shake or flourish; as, to brandish a sword or a cane. It often indicates threatening.

2. To play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms.

Locke.

Brandished

BRAND'ISHED, participle passive Raised and waved in the air with a flourish.

Brandisher

BRAND'ISHER, noun One who brandishes.

Brandishing

BRAND'ISHING, participle of the present tense Raising and waving in the air; flourishing.

Brandling

BRAND'LING, noun A kind of worm.

Walton.

Brand-New

BRAND'-NEW, adjective Quite new; bright as a brand of fire.

Tatler.

Brandy

BRAN'DY, noun [Dutch branden; German brennen, to distil; branden, to boil; brenner, a distiller; German branntwein; French brandevin, brandy. See Burn.]

An ardent spirit distilled from wine. The same name is now given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the U. States particularly to that which is distilled from cyder and peaches.

Brandy-Wine

BRAN'DY-WINE, noun Brandy.

Wiseman.

Brangle

BRAN'GLE, noun [Russian bran, war, strife, noise, broil; branyu, to hinder, to scold; Latin frendeo. Qu. wrangle. Brangle, in Scottish, signifies to shake, or to threaten; French branler.]

A wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute.

Swift.

Brangle

BRAN'GLE, verb intransitive To wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble.

Swift.

Branglement

BRAN'GLEMENT, noun Wrangle; brangle.

Brangling

BRAN'GLING, noun A quarrel.

Whitlock.

Brank

BRANK, noun [So named probably from its joints, breaks. "Galliae quoque suum genus farris dedere; quod illic brance vocant, apud nos sandalum, nitidissimi grani." Plin. 18. 7.]

1. Buckwheat, a species of polygonum; a grain cultivated mostly for beasts and poultry; but in the U. States, the flour is much used for making breakfast cakes.

2. In some parts of England and Scotland, a scolding-bridle, an instrument for correcting scolding women. It consists of a head-piece, which incloses the head of the offender, and of a sharp iron which enters the mouth and restrains the tongue.

Plott. Encyc.

Brankursine

BRANK'URSINE, noun [brank and ursus, a bear.]

Bear's-breech, or acanthus, a genus of plants, of several species. The leaves of the common sort are said to have furnished the model of the Corinthian capitals.

Branlin

BRAN'LIN, noun A species of fish of the salmon kind, in some places called the fingry, from five or six black lines or marks on each side resembling fingers. It is found in rapid streams.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Branny

BRAN'NY, adjective [from bran.] Having the appearance of bran; consisting of bran.

Wiseman.

Bransle

BRAN'SLE, noun A brawl, or dance. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Brant

BRANT, noun [Qu. brand, burnt or brown.]

A species of anas or the goose kind; called also brent and brand-goose, which see.

Brant

BRANT, adjective Steep.

Todd.

Brasen

BRA'SEN, adjective brÃƒ-¡zn. Made of brass. [See Brass and Brazen.]

Brasier

BRA'SIER, noun brÃƒ-¡zhur. An artificer who works in brass.

Franklin.

2. A pan for holding coals. [See Brass.]

Brasil

BRASIL. [See Brazil.]

Brass

BR'ASS, noun [Saxon broes; Welsh prÃƒ-ªs; Cornish brest; Irish pras. In Welsh, prÃƒ-ªs signifies brass and what is quick, ready, sharp, smart, also haste, fuel, and presu, to render imminent, to hasten, to render present. The latter sense indicates that it is from the Latin. But I see no connection between these senses and brass. This word may be named from its bright color, and be allied to Portugese braza, Spanish brasas, live coals, abrazar, abrasar, to burn or inflame; but the real origin and primary sense are not evident.]

1. An alloy of copper and zink, of a yellow color; usually containing about one third of its weight of zink, but the proportions are variable. The best brass is made by cementation of calamine or the oxyd of zink with granulated copper.

Thomson. Encyc.

2. Impudence; a brazen face.

Brasse

BR'ASSE, noun The pale spotted perch, with two long teeth on each side; the lucioperca.

Ash.

Brassica

BRAS'SICA, noun [Latin] Cabbage.

Pope.

Brassiness

BR'ASSINESS, noun A quality of brass; the appearance of brass.

Brass-Paved

BR'ASS-PAVED, adjective Hard as brass.

Spenser.

Brass-Visaged

BR'ASS-VISAGED, adjective Impudent.

Todd.

Brassy

BR'ASSY, adjective Pertaining to brass; partaking of brass; hard as brass; having the color of brass.

2. Impudent; impudently bold.

Brast

BRAST, adjective Burst. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Brat

BRAT, noun A child, so called in contempt.

2. Offspring: progeny.

Braul

BRAUL, noun Indian cloth with blue and white stripes, called turbants.

Encyc.

Bravado

BRAVA'DO, noun [Spanish bravata; French bravade. See Brave.]

A boast or brag; an arrogant menace, intended to intimidate.

Brave

BRAVE, adjective [French brave; Armoric brao; Spanish Portugese Italian bravo; Dutch braaf; Swedish braf; Danish brav; German brav, whence braviren, to look big, to bully or hector. In Spanish and Portugese bravo signifies brave, valiant, strenuous, bullying, fierce, wild, savage, rude, unpolished, excellent, fine; bravear, to bully, to menace in an arrogant manner; brava is a swell of the sea; braveza, valor, and fury of the elements. The word brave expresses also a showy dress; Armoric bragal, to be well dressed, fine, spruce, of which brao seems to be a contraction. The word bears the sense of open, bold, expanding, and rushing, vaunting. It is doubtless contracted, and probably from the root of brag.]

1. Courageous; bold; daring; intrepid; fearless of danger; as a brave warrior. It usually unites the sense of courage with

generosity and dignity of mind; qualities often united.

Bacon.

The brave man will not deliberately do an injury to his fellow man.

Anon.

2. Gallant; lofty; graceful; having a noble mien.

Shak.

3. Magnificent; grand; as a brave place.

Denham.

4. Excellent; noble; dignified. But in modern usage, it has nearly lost its application to things.

5. Gaudy; showy in dress. [Arabic to adorn.] Obs.

Spenser.

Brave

BRAVE, noun A hector; a man daring beyond discretion or decency.

Hot braves like these may fight.

Dryden.

2. A boast; a challenge; a defiance.

Shak.

Brave

BRAVE, verb transitive To defy; to challenge; to encounter with courage and fortitude, or without being moved; to set at defiance.

The ills of love I can brave.

The rock that braves the tempest.

Dryden.

2. To carry a boasting appearance of; as, to brave that which they believe not.

Bacon.

Braved

BRA'VED, participle passive Defied; set at defiance; met without dismay, or being moved.

Bravely

BRA'VELY, adverb Courageously; gallantly; splendidly; in a brave manner; heroically. In Spenser, finely; gaudily.

Bravery

BRA'VERY, noun Courage; heroism; undaunted spirit; intrepidity; gallantry; fearlessness of danger; often united with generosity or dignity of mind which despises meanness and cruelty, and disdains to take advantage of a vanquished enemy.

The duellist, in proving his bravery, shows that he thinks it suspected.

Anon.

2. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance.

The bravery of their tinkling ornaments. Isaiah 3.

Spenser.

3. Show; ostentation; fine dress.

Bacon.

4. Bravado; boast.

Bacon. Sidney.

5. A showy person.

Spenser.

[In the last four senses, this word is nearly antiquated.]

Braving

BRA'VING, participle of the present tense Setting at defiance; challenging.

Bravo

BRA'VO, noun [Italian and Spanish] A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; an assassin or murderer.

Gov't of the Tongue.

Brawl

BRAWL, verb intransitive [German brÃƒ-¼en; Dutch brullen; Danish vraaler and brÃƒ-¶ler; Swedish vrala, to roar or bellow; French brailler; Armoric brailhat, to brawl or be noisy; Latin proelior; Welsh broliaw, to boast, to brag; brawl, a shooting out, a boast.]

1. To quarrel noisily and indecently.

Watts.

2. To speak loud and indecently.

Shak.

3. To roar as water; to make a noise.

Shak.

Brawl

BRAWL, verb transitive To drive or beat away.

Shak.

Brawl

BRAWL, noun [Norm. braul.] Noise; quarrel; scurrility; uproar.

Hooker.

2. Formerly, a kind of dance.

Shak. B. Jonson. Gray.

Brawler

BRAWL'ER, noun A noisy fellow; a wrangler.

Ayliffe.

Brawling

BRAWL'ING, noun The act of quarreling.

Brawlingly

BRAWL'INGLY, adverb In a quarrelsome manner.

Huloet.

Brawn

BRAWN, noun [Latin aprugnus, caro aprugna.]

1. The flesh of a boar, or the animal.

2. The fleshy, protuberant, muscular part of the body.

Peacham.

3. Bulk; muscular strength.

Dryden.

4. The arm, from its muscles or strength.

Shak.

Brawned

BRAWN'ED, adjective Brawny; strong.

Spenser.

Brawner

BRAWN'ER, noun A boar killed for the table.

Johnson. King.

Brawniness

BRAWN'INESS, noun The quality of being brawny; strength; hardiness.

Locke.

Brawny

BRAWN'Y, adjective Musculous; fleshy; bulky; having large, strong muscles; strong.

Dryden.

Bray

BRAY, verb transitive [Saxon bracan; French broyer. to pound, or bruise; braire, to roar, or bray as an ass; Armoric bregui, to roar; Norm. brair, to cry, to brag; Greek; Welsh briwaw, to break in pieces, to rub, or grind; breyan, a quern; Irish bra, a handmill. See Brag and Break.]

1. To pound, beat or grind small; as, to bray a fool in a mortar. Proverbs 27.

2. To make a harsh sound, as of an ass.

Dryden.

3. To make a harsh, disagreeable grating sound.

Milton.

Bray

BRAY, noun The harsh sound or roar of an ass; a harsh grating sound.

2. Shelving ground.

Fairfax.

Bray

BRAY, noun [Welsh bre, a mount or peak.] A bank or mound of earth. Obs.

Herbert.

Brayer

BRA'YER, noun One that brays like an ass.

Pope.

2. A instrument to temper ink in printing offices.

Bailey. Johnson.

Braying

BRA'YING, participle of the present tense Pounding or grinding small; roaring.

Braying

BRA'YING, noun Roar; noise; clamor.

Smith.

Braze

BRAZE, verb transitive [French braser.] To soder with brass.

Moxon.

2. To harden to impudence; to harden as with brass.

Shak.

Brazen

BRA'ZEN, adjective brÃƒ-¡zn. Made of brass; as a brazen helmet.

Dryden.

2. Pertaining to brass; proceeding from brass; as a brazen din.

Shak.

3. Impudent; having a front like brass.

Brazen age, or age of brass, in mythology, the age which succeded the silver age, when men had degenerated from primitive purity.

Brazen dish, among miners, is the standard by which other dishes are guaged, and is kept in the king's hall.

England.

Brazen sea, in Jewish antiquity, a huge vessel of brass, cast on the plain of Jordan, and placed in Solomon's temple. It was ten cubits from brim to brim, five in height, thirty in circumference, and contained 3000 baths. It was designed for the priests to wash themselves in, before they performed the service of the temple.

Encyc.

Brazen

BRA'ZEN, verb intransitive brÃƒ-¡zn. To be impudent; to bully.

Arbuthnot.

Brazen-Face

BRA'ZEN-FACE, noun [brazen and face.] An impudent person; one remarkable for effrontery.

Shak.

Brazen-Faced

BRA'ZEN-FACED, adjective Impudent; bold to excess; shameless.

Dryden.

Brazenly

BRA'ZENLY, adverb In a bold impudent manner.

Brazenness

BRA'ZENNESS, noun Appearance like brass. In this sense, brassiness is the more correct word.

2. Impudence; excess of assurance.

Brazier

BRAZIER. [See Brasier.]

Brazil

BRAZIL', or BRAZIL'-WOOD, noun [Portugese braza, a live coal, or glowing fire. This name was given to the wood for its color, and it is said that King Emanuel of Portugal gave this name to the country in America on account of its producing this wood. It was first named Santa Cruz, by its discoverer, Pedro Alvares Cabral. Lindley's Narrative of a voyage to Brazil. Med. Rep. Hex. 2. vol. 3. 200.]

Brazil, or brazil-wood, or braziletto, is a very heavy wood of a red color, growing in Brazil, and other tropical countries. It is used in manufactures for dyeing red. It is a species of Caesalpina.

Braziletto

BRAZILET'TO, noun The same as Brazil-wood.

Brazilian

BRAZIL'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Brazil; as, Brazilian strand.

Barlow.

Breach

BREACH, noun [French breche; Dutch breuk; German bruch; Swedish brÃƒ-¥ck; Danish broek; Spanish and Portugese brecha. See Break.]

1. The act of breaking; or state of being broken; a rupture; a break; a gap; the space between the severed parts of a solid body parted by violence; as a breach in a garment, or in a wall.

2. The violation of a law; the violation or non-fulfilment of a contract; the non-performance of a moral duty; non-performance of duty being a breach of obligation, as well as a positive transgression or violation.

Every breach of the public engagements is hurtful to public credit.

Hamilton.

3. An opening in a coast. [Not usual.]

Spenser.

4. Separation between friends by means of enmity; difference; quarrel.

Clarendon.

5. Infraction; injury; invasion; as a breach upon kingly power.

Clarendon.

6. Bereavement; loss of a friend and its consequent affliction.

7. A violation of the public peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is contrary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is called a breach of the peace.

Breach

BREACH, verb transitive To make a breach, or opening.

Life of Wellington.

Bread

BREAD, noun bred. [Saxon breod; German brot; Dutch brood; Swedish brod; Danish brÃƒ-¶d. Qu. Greek, any thing esculent. If the word signifies food in general, or that which is eaten, probably it is the Hebrew and Chaldee, from barah, to eat or feed. But in German, it signifies loaf as well as bread. "Zehen brot," ten loaves. It may therefore signify primarily a lump or portion.]

1. A mass of dough, made by moistening and kneading the flour or meal of some species of grain, and baked in an oven, or pan.

2. Food in general.

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Genesis 3.

Give us this day our daily bread.

Lord's Prayer.

3. Support of life in general; maintenance. Is the reward of virtue, bread?

Pope.

Bee-bread. [See Bee.]

Ship-bread, bread for ships; hard biscuits.

Cassada-bread. [See Cassada.]

Bread

BREAD, verb transitive [Saxon broedan. See Broad.]

To spread. [Not used.]

Ray.

Bread-Chipper

BREAD'-CHIPPER, noun [bread and chip.]

One who chips bread; a baker's servant; an under butler.

Shak.

Bread-Corn

BREAD'-CORN, noun [bread and corn.] Corn of which bread is made. This in most countries is wheat and rye; but in some countries bread is made of other grain, as of maize in some parts of America.

Breaden

BREAD'EN, adjective Made of bread. [Little used.]

Rogers.

Breadless

BREAD'LESS, adjective Without bread; destitute of food.

Bread-Room

BREAD'-ROOM, noun An apartment in a ship's hold, where the bread is kept.

Bread-Tree

BREAD'-TREE, noun [bread and tree.] The bread-fruit tree, or Artocarpus, a tree which grows in the isles of the Pacific ocean, of the size of an apple-tree, producing a fruit shaped like a heart, and as large as a small loaf of bread, which is eaten as food.

Encyc.

Breadth

BREADTH, noun bredth. [Saxon broed and bred. See Board and Broad.]

The measure or extent of any plain surface from side to side; a geometrical dimension, which, multiplied into the length, constitutes a surface; as, the length of a table is five feet, and the breadth, three; 5 X 3 = 15 feet, the whole surface.

Breadthless

BREADTH'LESS, adjective Having no breadth.

More.

Break

BREAK, verb transitive pret. broke, [brake. Obs.]; pp. broke or broken. [Saxon broecan, brecan, to break, and bracan, to bray, as in a mortar; Swedish br?ka; Danish broekker; Dutch braaken, breeken; German brechen; Welsh bregu, to break; breg, a rent or rupture; breÃƒ-§, a breaking out, a freckle; Gothic brikan; Irish bracaim, to break, to harrow; Spanish and Portugese brecha, a breach; Latin frango, fregi, n casual; Armoric fricga; French fracas; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Arabic to break, to free or deliver, to separate; Greek,. These words seem also to be allied to and. If the first consonant is a prefix, which is probable, then connected with these words are the Greek, and, Welsh rhwygaw, Armoric roga, rega, to rend. Wreck is probably of the same family. The primary sense is to strain, stretch, rack, drive; hence, to strain and burst or break. It should be noted that the Greek, in the AEolic dialect, is.]

1. To part or divide by force and violence, as a solid substance; to rend apart; as, to break a band; to break a thread or a cable.

2. To burst or open by force.

The fountains of the earth were broke open.

Burnet.

3. To divide by piercing or penetrating; to burst forth; as, the light breaks through the clouds.

Dryden.

4. To make breaches or gaps by battering, as in a wall.

Shak.

5. To destroy, crush, weaken, or impair, as the human body or constitution.

Milton.

6. To sink; to appall or subdue; as, to break the spirits, or the passions.

Philips.

7. To crush; to shatter; to dissipate the strength of, as of an army.

Dryden.

8. To weaken, or impair, as the faculties.

Shak.

9. To tame; to train to obedience; to make tractable; as, to break a horse.

Addison.

10. To make bankrupt.

South.

11. To discard, dismiss or cashier; as, to break an officer.

Swift.

12. To crack, to part or divide, as the skin; to open, as an aposteme.

13. To violate, as a contract or promise, either by a positive act contrary to the promise, or by neglect or non-fulfilment.

14. To infringe or violate, as a law, or any moral obligation, either by a positive act or by an omission of what is required.

Dryden.

15. To stop; to interrupt; to cause to cease; as, to break conversation; to break sleep.

Shak.

16. To intercept; to check; to lessen the force of; as, to break a fall, or a blow.

Bacon.

17. To separate; to part; as, to break company or friendship.

Atterbury.

18. To dissolve any union; sometimes with off; as, to break off a connection.

19. To cause to abandon; to reform or cause to reform; as, to break one of ill habits or practices.

Grew.

20. To open as a purpose; to propound something new; to make a first disclosure of opinions; as, to break one's mind.

Bacon.

21. To frustrate; to prevent.

If plagues or earthquakes break not heaven's design.

Pope.

22. To take away; as, to break the whole staff of bread. Psalm 105.

23. To stretch; to strain; to rack; as, to break one on the wheel.

To break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebers with too heavy a burden; also, to disable one's fortune.

Shak.

To break bulk, to begin to unload.

Mar. Dict.

To break a deer, to cut it up at table.

Johnson.

To break fast, to eat the first meal in the day, but used as a compound word.

To break ground, to plow.

Carew.

To break ground, to dig; to open trenches.

Encyc.

To break the heart, to afflict grievously; to cause great sorrow or grief; to depress with sorrow or despair.

Dryden.

To break a jest, to utter a jest unexpected.

Johnson.

To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck.

Shak.

To break off, to put a sudden stop to; to interrupt; to discontinue.

Break off thy sins by righteousness. Danish iv.

2. To sever; to divide; as, to break off a twig.

To break sheer, in marine language. When a ship at anchor is in a position to keep clear of the anchor, but is forced by wind or current out of that position, she breaks her sheer.

Mar. Dict.

To break up, to dissolve or put an end to; as, to break up house-keeping.

2. To open or lay open; as, to break up a bed of earth.

3. To plow ground the first time, or after lying long unplowed; a common use in the U. States.

4. To separate; as, to break up a company.

5. To disband; as, to break up an army.

To break upon the wheel, to stretch and break the bones by torture upon the wheel.

To break wind, to give vent to wind from the body backward.

Break

BREAK, verb intransitive To part; to separate; to divide in two; as, the ice breaks; a band breaks.

2. To burst; as, a storm or deluge breaks.

Dryden.

3. To burst, by dashing against something; as, a wave breaks upon a rock.

Pope.

4. To open, as a tumor or aposteme.

Harvey.

5. To open, as the morning; to show the first light; to dawn.

Addison.

6. To burst forth; to utter or exclaim.

Shak.

7. To fail in trade or other occupation; to become bankrupt.

Pope.

8. To decline in health and strength; to begin to lose the natural vigor.

Swift.

9. To issue out with vehemence.

Pope.

10. To make way with violence or suddenness; to rush; often with a particle; as, to break in; to break in upon, as calamities; to break over, as a flood; to break out, as a fire; to break forth, as light or a sound.

11. To come to an explanation.

I am to break with thee upon some affairs. [I believe, antiquated.]

Shak.

12. To suffer an interruption of friendship; to fall out.

Be not afraid to break with traitors.

B. Jonson.

13. To faint, flag or pant.

My soul breaketh for longing to thy judgments. Psalm 119.

To break away, to disengage itself from; to rush from; also, to dissolve itself or dissipate, as fog or clouds.

To break forth, to issue out.

To break from, to disengage from; to depart abruptly, or with vehemence.

Roscommon.

To break in, to enter by force; to enter unexpectedly; to intrude.

Addison.

To break loose, to get free by force; to escape from confinement by violence; to shake off restraint.

Milton. Tillotson.

To break off, to part; to divide; also, to desist suddenly.

Bacon.

To break off from, to part from with violence.

Shak.

To break out, to issue forth; to discover itself by its effects, to arise or spring up; as, a fire breaks out; a sedition breaks out; a fever breaks out.

Dryden. Milton.

2. To appear in eruptions, as pustules; to have pustules, or an efflorescence on the the skin, as a child breaks out. Hence we have freckle from the root of break; Welsh breÃƒ-§.

3. To throw off restraint, and become dissolute.

Dryden.

To break up, to dissolve itself and separate; as a company breaks up; a meeting breaks up; a fog breaks up; but more generally we say, fog, mist or clouds break away.

To break with, to part in enmity; to cease to be friends; as, to break with a friend or companion.

Pope.

This verb carries with it its primitive sense of straining, parting, severing, bursting, often with violence, with the consequential senses of injury, defect, and infirmity.

Break

BREAK, noun A state of being open, or the act of separating; an opening made by force; an open place. It is the same word as brack, differently written and pronounced.

2. A pause; an interruption.

3. A line in writing or printing, noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence.

4. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it terminates, and the descent on to the next deck below commences.

5. The first appearance of light in the morning; the dawn; as the break of day. Arabic farakon, id.

6. In architecture, a recess.

Breakage

BREAKAGE, noun A breaking; also, an allowance for things broken, in transportation.

Breaker

BREAKER, noun The person who breaks any thing; a violator or transgressor; as a breaker of the law.

South.

2. A rock which breaks the waves; or the wave itself which breaks against a rock, a sand bank, or the shore, exhibiting a white foam.

Mar. Dict. Johnson.

3. A pier, mound or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break the floating ice, and prevent it from injuring a bridge below; called also ice-breaker.

4. One that breaks up ground.

5. A destroyer. Micah 2.

Breakfast

BREAK'FAST, n. brek'fast. [break and fast.]

1. The first meal in the day; or the thing eaten at the first meal.

2. A meal, or food in general.

Dryden.

Breakfast

BREAK'FAST, verb intransitive brek'fast. To eat the first meal in the day.

Breakfasting

BREAK'FASTING, participle of the present tense Eating or taking the first meal in the day.

Breakfasting

BREAK'FASTING, noun A party at breakfast.

Chesterfield.

Breaking

BREAKING, participle of the present tense Parting by violence; rending asunder; becoming bankrupt.

Breakneck

BREAKNECK, noun [break and neck.] A fall that breaks the neck; a steep place endangering the neck.

Shak.

Breakpromise

BREAKPROMISE, noun [break and promise.]

One who makes a practice of breaking his promise. [Not used.]

Shak.

Breakvow

BREAKVOW, noun [break and vow.] One who habitually breaks his vows. [Not used.]

Shak.

Breakwater

BREAKWATER, noun [break and water.] The hull of an old vessel sunk at the entrance of a harbor, to break or diminish the force of the waves, to secure the vessels in harbor.

Mar. Dict.

2. A small buoy fastened to a large one, when the rope of the latter is not long enough to reach the surface of the water.

Mar. Dict.

3. A mole, at the mouth of a harbor, intended to break the force of the waves.

Bream

BREAM, noun [French breme; Chaldee, abrumah; Spanish brema.]

A fish, the Cyprinus brama, an inhabitant of lakes and deep water, extremely insipid and little valued.

Encyc. Walton.

Bream

BREAM, verb transitive In sea language, to burn off the filth, such as grass, sea weed, ooze, &c., from a ship's bottom.

Mar. Dict.

Breast

BREAST, n. brest. [Saxon breast; Swedish br?st; Dutch borst, the breast, a lad, a notch; German brust, breast, and brÃƒ-¼sten, to hold up the head, to look big; Danish brÃƒ-¶st, breast; also default, defect, blemish; also, bryst, breast, pap; bryster sig, to strut; brister, to burst. The sense seems to be, a protuberance.]

1. The soft, protuberant body, adhering to the thorax, which, in females, furnishes milk for infants.

His breasts are full of milk. Job 21:24.

2. The fore part of the thorax, or the fore part of the human body between the neck and the belly.

3. The part of a beast which answers to the breast in man. This, in quadrupeds, is between the fore legs, below the neck.

4. Figuratively, the heart; the conscience; the disposition of the mind; the affections; the seat of the affections and passions.

Cowley. Dryden.

5. Formerly, the power of singing.

Tusser.

Breast

BREAST, v. t. brest. To meet in front; to oppose breast to breast.

Goldsmith. Dwight.

The court breasted the popular current by sustaining the demurrer.

Wirt.

Breastbone

BREAST'BONE, noun [breast and bone.] The bone of the breast; the sternum.

Peacham.

Breast-Casket

BREAST'-C'ASKET, noun [breast and casket.]

One of the largest and longest of the caskets or strings on the middle of the yard of a ship. Johnson. [I do not find this word in the Mariner's Dictionary.]

Breastdeep

BREAST'DEEP, adjective Breast high; as high as the breast.

Breasted

BREAST'ED, adjective Having a broad breast; having a fine voice.

Fiddes.

Breastfast

BREAST'F`AST, noun [bread and fast.] A large rope to confine a ship sidewise to a wharf or key.

Mar. Dict.

Breasthigh

BREAST'HIGH, adjective [breast and high.] High as the breast.

Sidney.

Breasthook

BREAST'HOOK, noun [breast and hook.] A thick piece of timber placed directly across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore part and unite the bows on each side.

Mar. Dict.

Breasting

BREAST'ING, participle of the present tense Meeting with the breast; opposing in front.

Breastknot

BREAST'KNOT, noun [breast and knot.] A knot of ribins worn on the breast.

Addison.

Breastplate

BREAST'PLATE, noun [breast and plate.]

1. Armor for the breast.

Cowley.

2. A strap that runs across a horse's breast.

Ash.

3. In Jewish antiquity, a part of the vestment of the high priest, consisting of a folded piece of the rich embroidered stuff of which the ephod was made. It was set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes.

Encyc.

Breastplow

BREAST'PLOW, noun [breast and plow.] A plow, driven by the breast, used to cut or pare turf.

Johnson.

Breastrope

BREAST'ROPE, noun [breast and rope.] In a ship, breast ropes are used to fasten the yards to the parrels, and with the parrels, to hold the yards fast to the mast; now called parrel ropes.

Breast-Work

BREAST'-WORK, noun [breast and work.] In fortification, a work thrown up for defense; a parapet, which see.

Breath

BREATH, noun breth. [Saxon broeth, odor, scent, breath; German brodem, steam, vapor, breath.]

1. The air inhaled and expelled in the respiration of animals.

2. Life.

No man has more contempt than I of breath.

Dryden.

3. The state or power of breathing freely; opposed to a state of exhaustion from violent action; as, I am out of breath; I am scarce in breath.

Shak.

4. Respite; pause; time to breathe; as, let me take breath; give me some breath.

Shak.

5. Breeze; air in gentle motion.

Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea,

When not a breath of wind flies o'er its surface.

Addison.

6. A single respiration; as, he swears at every breath.

7. An instant; the time of a single respiration; a single act.

He smiles and he frowns in a breath.

Dryden.

8. A word.

A breath can make them, as a breath has made.

Goldsmith.

Breathable

BRE'ATHABLE, adjective That may be breathed.

Breathe

BREATHE, verb intransitive To respire; to inspire and expire air. Hence, to live.

Pope. Shak.

2. To take breath; to rest from action; as, let them have time to breathe.

3. To pass as air.

To whose foul mouth no wholesome air breathes in.

Shak.

Breathe

BREATHE, verb transitive To inhale as air into the lungs and expel it; as, to breathe vital air.

Dryden.

2. To inject by breathing; to infuse; followed by into.

And the Lord God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Genesis 2.

3. To expire; to eject by breathing; followed by out; as, to breathe out threatenings and slaughter.

Acts.

4. To exercise; to keep in breath.

The greyhounds are as swift as breathed stags.

Shak.

5. To inspire or blow into; to cause to sound by breathing; as, to breathe the flute.

Prior.

6. To exhale; to emit as breath; as, the flowers breathe odors or perfume.

7. To utter softly or in private; as, to breathe a vow.

Shak.

8. To give air or vent to; to open; as, to breathe a vein. [Welsh brathu, to pierce.]

Johnson. Dryden.

9. To express; to manifest.

Other articles breathe the same severe spirit.

Milner.

Breathed

BRE'ATHED, participle passive Inhaled and exhaled: respired; uttered.

Breather

BRE'ATHER, noun One that breathes or lives; one that utters; an inspirer, one who animates or infuses by inspiration.

Breathful

BREATH'FUL, a. breth'ful. Full of breath; full of odor.

Spenser.

Breathing

BRE'ATHING, participle of the present tense Respiring; living; uttering.

2. adjective Exhibiting to the life; as breathing paint.

Pope.

Breathing

BRE'ATHING, noun Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air.

2. Aspiration; secret prayer.

Prior.

3. Breathing-place; vent.

Dryden.

4. Accent; aspiration.

Breathing-Place

BRE'ATHING-PLACE, noun A pause.

2. A vent.

Breathing-Time

BRE'ATHING-TIME, noun Pause; relaxation.

Hall.

Breathless

BREATH'LESS, adjective breth'less. Being out of breath; spent with labor or violent action.

2. Dead; as a breathless body.

Shak.

Breathlessness

BREATH'LESSNESS, noun The state of being exhausted of breath.

Hall.

Breccia

BREC'CIA, noun [Italian a breach.] In mineralogy, an aggregate composed of angular fragments of the same mineral, or of different minerals, united by a cement, and presenting a variety of colors. Sometimes a few of the fragments are a little rounded. The varieties are the siliceous, calcarious and trap breccias.

Cleaveland.

When rounded stones and angular fragments are united by a cement, the aggregate is usually called coarse conglomerate.

Brecciated

BREC'CIATED, adjective Consisting of angular fragments, cemented together.

Brechite

BRECH'ITE, noun A fossil allied to the Aleyons. It is cylindrical, striated, and its thick end conical, pierced with holes, and crested.

French Dict. Nat. Hist.

Bred

BRED, participle passive of breed. Generated; produced; contrived; educated.

Brede

BREDE, noun A braid. [Not used.]

Addison.

Breech

BREECH, noun brich. [See Breach and Break.]

The lower part of the body behind.

2. Breeches; but rarely used in the singular.

Shak.

3. The hinder part of any thing.

Johnson.

Breech

BREECH, verb transitive To put into breeches.

Johnson.

2. To whip on the breech.

Massinger.

3. See Britch.

Breeches

BREECHES, noun plu. brich'es. [Sax broec, broeccoe; Dutch broek; Armoric braga, brages; Italian brace, brachesse or braghesse; Portugese Spanish bragas; French braies; Irish brog; Low Latin braccoe; Danish brog, breeches, and broged, of various colors, mixed, variegated; Welsh bryÃƒ-§an, a spotted covering, scotch plaid; bryc, variegated with colors. "Sarmatae totum braccati corpus." Mela, 2. 1. See Plin. 3. 4. Herod. Lib. 7. Strabo, Lib. 15. Ovid. Trist. 5. 7. Cluv. Germ. Ant. 1. 16. Pelloutier, Hist. Celt. 1. 30. The word seems to be from the root of break, and to denote, diverse in color, variegated, like freckled. See Freckle.]

A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. It is now a close garment; but the word formerly was used for a loose garment, now called trowsers, laxoe braccoe.

Ovid.

To wear the breeches is, in the wife, to usurp the authority of the husband.

Johnson.

Breeching

BREECHING, participle of the present tense brich'ing. Furnishing with breeches, or with a breech. [See Britch.]

2. Whipping the breech; and as a noun, a whipping.

Marlow.

Breeching

BREECHING, in gunnery on board of ships. [See Britching.]

Breed

BREED, verb transitive pret. and pp. bred. [Saxon bredan, broedan, to warm, to dilate, to open, to spread; Dutch broeden, to brood; German brÃƒ-¼ten, to brood; Danish breder, to spread, dilate, unfold; Welsh brwd, warm; brydiaw, to warm, to heat. Class Rd. See Broad.]

1. To generate; to engender; to hatch; to produce the young of any species of animals. I think it is never used of plants, and in animals is always applied to the mother or dam.

2. To produce within or upon the body; as, to breed teeth; to breed worms.

3. To cause; to occasion; to produce; to originate.

Intemperance and lust breed infirmities.

Tillotson.

Ambition breeds factions.

Anon.

4. To contrive; to hatch; to produce by plotting.

Had he a heart and a brain to breed it in?

Shak.

5. To give birth to; to be the native place of; as, a pond breeds fish; a northern country breeds a race of stout men.

6. To educate; to instruct; to form by education; often, but unnecessarily, followed by up; as, to breed a son to an occupation; a man bred at a university. To breed up is vulgar.

7. To bring up; to nurse and foster; to take care of in infancy, and through the age of youth; to provide for, train and conduct; to instruct the mind and form the manners in youth.

To bring thee forth with pain, with care to breed.

Dryden.

Breed

BREED, verb intransitive To produce, as a fetus; to bear and nourish, as in pregnancy; as, a female breeds with pain.

2. To be formed in the parent or dam; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth; as, children or young breed in the matrix.

3. To have birth; to be produced; as, fish breed in rivers.

4. To be increased by a new production.

But could youth last and love still breed.

Raleigh.

5. To raise a breed; as, to choose the best species of swine to breed from.

Breed

BREED, noun A race or progeny from the same parents or stock.

2. A cast; a kind; a race of men or other animals, which have an alliance by nativity, or some distinctive qualities in common; as a breed of men in a particular country; a breed of horses or sheep. Applied to men, it is not elegant. We use race.

3. Progeny; offspring; applied to other things than animals.

Shak.

4. A number produced at once; a hatch; a brood; but for this, brood is generally used.

Grew.

Breed-Bate

BREE'D-BATE, noun One that breeds or originates quarrels. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Breeder

BREE'DER, noun The female that breeds or produces, whether human or other animal.

2. The person who educates or brings up; that which brings up.

Italy and Rome have been the best breeders of worthy men.

Ascham.

3. That which produces.

Time is the nurse and breeder of all good.

Shak.

4. One who raises a breed; one who takes care to raise a particular breed, or breeds, as of horses or cattle.

Temple.

Breeding

BREE'DING, participle of the present tense Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus; engendering; producing; educating.

Breeding

BREE'DING, noun The act of generating or of producing.

2. The raising of a breed or breeds; as, the farmer attends to the breeding of sheep.

3. Nurture; education; instruction; formation of manners.

She had her breeding at my father's charge.

Shak.

4. By way of eminence, manners; knowledge of ceremony; deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life. Hence good breeding is politeness, or the qualifications which constitute genteel deportment.

Encyc.

Breeze

BREEZE, noun [Saxon briosa, from its sound, resembling a breeze.]

A genus of flies or insects, technically called Tabanus. There are many species, but the most noted is the bovinus, great horsefly, whose mouth is armed with two hooks which penetrate the skin of an animal, while with a proboscis, like a sting, it sucks the blood.

Breeze

BREEZE, noun [Italian brezza, a cold, windy mist; Spanish brisa, a breeze; Swedish brusa, to be fervid, to boil, to murmur; Danish bruser, to rush, roar or foam, to rise in waves; bruusen, the rustling of the wind, a humming or buzzing, fermentation. In French sea language, brise, a breeze; Greek, and, to boil; French brasser, to brew; Welsh brys hasty, from rhys, a rushing. These words seem all to have a common root. See Rush.]

1. A light wind; a gentle gale.

From land a gentle breeze arose at night.

Dryden.

2. A shifting wind, that blows from the sea or from the land, for a certain time, by night or by day. Such breezes are common in the tropical regions, and in a good degree regular. The wind from the sea is called a sea breeze, and that from the land, a land breeze. In general, the sea breeze blows in the day time, and the land breeze at night. The like breezes are common, in the summer months, in the temperate latitudes.

Breeze

BREEZE, verb intransitive To blow gently; a word common among seamen.

For now the breathing airs, from ocean born,

Breeze up the bay, and lead the lively morn.

Barlow.

Breezeless

BREE'ZELESS, adjective Motionless; destitute of breezes.

Shenstone.

Breezy

BREE'ZY, adjective Fanned with gentle winds or breezes; as the breezy shore.

Pope.

2. Subject to frequent breezes.

Gray.

Brehon

BRE'HON, noun In Irish, a judge. In ancient times, the general laws of Ireland were called Brehon laws, unwritten like the common law of England. These laws were abolished by statute of Edward III.

Encyc. Blackstone.

Breislakite

BRE'ISLAKITE, noun A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral, resembling a brownish or reddish brown down, which lines the small bubbles found in the lava of Scalla, and is found in cavities of the lava of Olebano; named from Breislak, a celebrated Italian naturalist.

Journal of Science.

Breme

BREME, adjective [Saxon bremman, to murmur, to fret; Latin fremo.] Cruel; sharp. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Bren

BREN, verb transitive [Saxon brennan, to burn.] To burn. Obs.

Spenser.

Brennage

BREN'NAGE, noun [from bran.] In the middle ages, a tribute or composition which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran which they were obliged to furnish for his hounds.

Encyc.

Brent

BRENT or BRANT, adjective [Welsh bryn, a hill.]

Steep; high. Obs.

Ascham.

Brent

BRENT, noun A brant, or brand-goose, a fowl with a black neck and a white collar or line round it. [See Brant.]

2. Burnt. [See Bren. Obs.]

Spenser.

Brest

BREST or BREAST, noun In architecture, the member of a column, more usually called torus or tore. [See Torus.]

Encyc.

Brest-Summer

BREST'-SUMMER, noun In architecture, a piece in the outward part of a wooden building, into which the girders are framed. This, in the ground floor, is called a sill, and in the garret floor, a beam.

Encyc.

Bret

BRET, noun A local name of the turbot, called also burt or brut.

Bretful

BRET'FUL, adjective Brimful. Obs.

Chaucer.

Brethren

BRETH'REN, noun plu. of brother. It is used almost exclusively in solemn and scriptural language, in the place of brothers. [See Brother.]

Breve

BREVE, noun [Italian breve; Latin brevis; Spanish breve; French bref, short. See Brief.]

1. In music, a note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves.

2. In law, a writ directed to the chancellor, judges, sheriffs or other officers, whereby a person is summoned, or attached, to answer in the king's court.

Encyc.

This word, in the latter sense, is more generally written brief.

Brevet

BREVET', noun [from breve.] In the French customs, the grant of a favor or donation from the king, or the warrant evidencing the grant; a warrant; a brief, or commission. More particularly, a commission given to a subaltern officer, written on parchment, without seal.

Encyc.

2. A commission to an officer which entitles him to a rank in the army above his pay. Thus a brevet major serves as a captain and receives pay as such. Such commissions were given to the officers of the American Army at the close of the war, giving them a grade of rank above that which they had held during service.

Encyc. Marshall's Life of Wash.

Breviary

BRE'VIARY, noun [French breviaire; Latin breviarium, from brevis, short. See Brief.]

1. An abridgment; a compend; an epitome.

Ayliffe.

2. A book containing the daily service of the Romish church. It is composed of matins, lauds, first, third, sixth and ninth vespers, and the compline or post communio. The Greeks also have a breviary.

Encyc.

Breviat

BRE'VIAT, noun [See Breve and Brief.] A short compend; a summary.

Decay of Piety.

Breviate

BRE'VIATE, verb transitive To abridge. [Not used.]

[See Abbreviate.]

Breviature

BRE'VIATURE, noun An abbreviation. [See Brief.]

Johnson.

Brevier

BREVIE'R, noun [French breviaire; so called, says Johnson, from being originally used in printing a breviary.]

A small kind of printing types, in size between bourgeois and minion. It is much used in printing marginal notes.

Breviped

BREV'IPED, adjective [Latin brevis, short, and pes, foot.] Having short legs, as a fowl.

Breviped

BREV'IPED, noun A fowl having short legs.

Brevity

BREV'ITY, noun [Latin brevitas, from brevis, short. See Brief.]

1. Shortness; applied to time; as the brevity of human life.

2. Shortness; conciseness; contraction into few words; applied to discourses or writings.

Dryden.

Brew

BREW, verb transitive [Saxon briwan, to brew; briw, broth; Dutch brouwen, to brew, to contrive, to mix; German brauen. These seem to be contractions of the Gothic; Swedish briggia; Danish brygger, to brew. The Russian has burchu. The Welch has brwc, a boiling, stir, tumult, from rhwc, something rough; and it has also berwi, to boil, or bubble, whence berwezu, to brew, from bar, fury, impulse. Our word brew seems to be directly from the Saxon. The sense is, to stir, boil, or agitate with violence.]

1. In a general sense, to boil, and mix; hence in Saxon, it signifies broth or pottage; Old brewis.

2. In a more restricted sense, to make beer, ale or other similar liquor from malt; or to prepare a liquor from malt and hops, and in private families, from other materials, by steeping, boiling and fermentation.

3. To mingle.

Brew me a pottle of sack.

Shak.

4. To contrive; to plot; as, to brew mischief.

5. To put in a state of preparation. Qu.

Brew

BREW, verb intransitive To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming or collecting; as, a storm brews in the west. In this sense I do not recollect the use of the verb, in a transitive sense, and generally the participle only is used; as, a storm is brewing.

2. To perform the business of brewing or making beer; as, she can brew, wash and bake.

Brew

BREW, noun The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed.

Bacon.

Brewage

BREW'AGE, noun Malt liquor; drink brewed.

Shak.

Brewed

BREW'ED, participle passive Mixed, steeped and fermented; made by brewing.

Brewer

BREW'ER, noun One whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors; one who brews.

Brewery

BREW'ERY, noun A brew-house; the house and apparatus where brewing is carried on.

Brew-House

BREW'-HOUSE, noun [brew and house.] A brewery; a house appropriated to brewing.

Brewing

BREW'ING, participle of the present tense Preparing malt liquor.

2. In a state of mixing, forming or preparing; as, a storm is brewing.

Pope.

3. Contriving; preparing; as, a scheme is brewing.

Wotton.

Brewing

BREW'ING, noun The act or process of preparing liquors from malt and hops.

2. The quantity brewed at once.

Bacon.

3. Among seamen, a collection of black clouds portending a storm.

Mar. Dict.

Brewis

BREW'IS, noun Broth; pottage. Obs.

2. A piece of bread soaked in boiling fat pottage, made of salted meat.

Bailey. Johnson.

Briar

BRIAR, [See Brier.]

Bribe

BRIBE, noun [Irish breab. In Pers. parah, is a bribe, a half, piece, bit, segment, a morsel. French bribe, a piece of bread.]

1. A price, reward, gift or favor bestowed or promised with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness or other person. A bribe is a consideration given or promised to a person, to induce him to decide a cause, give testimony, or perform some act contrary to what he knows to be truth, justice or rectitude. It is not used in a good sense, unless in familiar language.

2. That which seduces.

Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these ever blooming sweets.

Akenside.

Bribe

BRIBE, verb transitive To give or promise a reward or consideration, with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the conduct. To hire for bad purposes; to purchase the decision of a judge, the testimony of a witness, or the performance of some act contrary to known truth, justice or rectitude.

2. To gain by a bribe.

In familiar language, it is sometimes used in a good sense; as, to bribe a child to take a medicine. Dryden has used the word in a good sense, in solemn language; but such use is rare, and hardly legitimate.

Bribe-Devouring

BRIBE-DEVOUR'ING, adjective Greedy of bribes or presents; as bribe-devouring kings.

Mitford.

Briber

BRI'BER, noun One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices.

South.

Bribery

BRI'BERY, noun The act or practice of giving or taking rewards for corrupt practices; the act of paying or receiving a reward for a false judgment, or testimony, or for the performance of that which is known to be illegal, or unjust. It is applied both to him who gives, and to him who receives the compensation, but appropriately to the giver.

Bribe-Worhty

BRIBE-WORHTY, adjective [bribe and worthy.]

Worth bribing to obtain.

Mason.

Brick

BRICK, noun [French brique, a brick, and a little loaf; Irish brice, or brike; Armoric brigen; supposed to be a contraction of Latin imbrex, a gutter-tile, from imber, a shower, which is probably a compound, of which the last syllable is from, whence Italian imbriacarsi, to get drunk. See Ebriety.]

A mass of earth, chiefly clay, first moistened and made fine by grinding or treading, then formed into a long square in a mold, dried and baked or burnt in a kiln; used in buildings and walls.

2. A loaf shaped like a brick.

Brick

BRICK, verb transitive To lay or pave with bricks.

Swift.

2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on plaster, by smearing it with red ocher and making the joints with an edge-tool, filling them with fine plaster.

Encyc.

Brickbat

BRICK'BAT, noun [brick and bat.] A piece or fragment of a brick.

Bacon.

Brick-Built

BRICK'-BUILT, adjective Built with bricks.

Dryden.

Brickclay

BRICK'CLAY, noun [brick and clay.] Clay used or suitable for making bricks.

Woodward.

Brickdust

BRICK'DUST, noun [brick and dust.] Dust of pounded bricks.

Spectator.

Brickearth

BRICK'EARTH, noun [brick and earth.] Clay or earth used, or suitable for bricks.

Brickkiln

BRICK'KILN, noun [brick and kiln.] A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt, or a pile of bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or fuel.

Bricklayer

BRICK'LAYER, noun [brick and lay.] One whose occupation is to build with bricks; a mason.

Brickle

BRICKLE, adjective [from break.] Brittle; easily broken. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Brickmaker

BRICK'MAKER, noun [brick and make.] One who makes bricks, or whose occupation is to make bricks.

Brickwork

BRICK'WORK, noun The laying of bricks, or a wall of bricks.

Bricky

BRICK'Y, adjective Full of bricks, or formed of bricks.

Spenser.

Bridal

BRI'DAL, adjective [See Bride.] Belonging to a bride, or to a wedding; nuptial; connubial; as bridal ornaments.

Milton. Pope.

Bridal

BRI'DAL, noun The nuptial festival.

Dryden.

Bridality

BRIDAL'ITY, noun Celebration of the ?uptial feast. [Not used.]

Jonson.

Bride

BRIDE, noun [Saxon bryd; Swedish brud; Dutch bruid; German braut; Danish brud; Armoric pryed, pried; Welsh priod-verch, priodas-verch, a bride; Irish brideog; Welsh priodi o verch, to be married; Arabic prietaat, to marry; Cornish benen-priot, a bride; Welsh priod-vab, a bride-mab, bride-goom; Armoric pridolidh, wedlock. It seems, by the Celtic dialects, that bride is primarily an adjective used with the name of maid or woman, as bridegoom is the same word with the name of a man. In Welsh priawd, the root of priodas, signifies appropriate, to espouse, to marry.]

1. A woman new married.

Johnson.

But the name is applied to a woman at the marriage festival, before she is married, as well as after the ceremony.

2. A woman espoused, or contracted to be married. The case of Lewellyn, prince of Wales. Henry's Hist. of Britain, B. iv. ch. i. sect. 2. [This is the true original sense of the word.]

Bridebed

BRI'DEBED, noun [bride and bed.] The marriage bed.

Prior.

Bridecake

BRI'DECAKE, noun [bride and cake.] The cake which is made for the guests at a wedding; called, in the U. States, wedding cake.

Bridechamber

BRI'DECHAMBER, noun The nuptial apartment. Matthew 9.

Bridegoom

BRI'DEGOOM, noun [Saxon brydguma; Swedish brudgumme; Dutch bruidegom; German brÃƒ-¤utigam; Danish brudgom; a compound of bride, and gum, guma, a man, which, by our ancestors, was pronounced goom. This word, by a mispronouncing of the last syllable, has been corrupted into bridegroom, which signifies a bride's hostler; groom being a Persian word, signifying a man who has the care of horses. Such a gross corruption or blunder ought not to remain a reproach to philology.]

A man newly married; or a man about to be married. The passage of Shakspeare cited by Johnson proves that the last definition is just.

As are those dulcet sounds in break of day,

That creep into the dreaming bridegroom's ear,

And summon him to marriage.

Bridegroom

BRI'DEGROOM, noun [See Bridegoom.]

Bridemaid

BRI'DEMAID, noun [bride and maid.] A woman who attends on a bride at her wedding.

Brideman

BRI'DEMAN, noun [bride and man.] A man who attends upon a bridegoom and bride at their marriage. I have generally heard these words pronounced bride's man and bride's maid.

Bridestake

BRI'DESTAKE, noun A stake or post set in the ground to dance round.

B. Jonson.

Bridewell

BRI'DEWELL, noun A house of correction, for the confinement of disorderly persons; so called from the palace built near St. Bride's or Bridget's well, in London, which was turned into a workhouse.

Johnson.

Bridge

BRIDGE, noun [Saxon bric, bricg, brigg, or bryc, brycg; Danish broe; Swedish bryggia, bro; Dutch brug; German brÃƒ-¼cke; Prus. brigge.]

1. Any structure of wood, stone, brick, or iron, raised over a river, pond, or lake, for the passage of men and other animals. Among rude nations, bridges are sometimes formed of other materials; and sometimes they are formed of boats, or logs of wood lying on the water, fastened together, covered with planks, and called floating bridges. A bridge over a marsh is made of logs or other materials laid upon the surface of the earth.

Pendent or hanging bridges are not supported by posts, but by the peculiar structure of the frame, resting only on the abutments.

A draw bridge is one which is made with hinges, and may be raised or opened. Such bridges are constructed in fortifications, to hinder the passage of a ditch or moat; and over rivers, that the passage of vessels need not be interrupted.

A flying bridge is made of pontoons, light boats, hollow beams, empty casks or the like. They are made, as occasion requires, for the passage of armies.

A flying bridge is also constructed in such a manner as to move from one side of a river to the other, being made fast in the middle of the river by a cable and an anchor.

Encyc.

2. The upper part of the nose.

Johnson.

3. The part of a stringed instrument of music, over which the strings are stretched, and by which they are raised.

4. In gunnery, the two pieces of timber which go between the two transums of a gun-carriage.

Encyc.

Bridge

BRIDGE, verb transitive To build a bridge or bridges over; as, to bridge a river.

2. To erect bridges on; to make a passage by a bridge or bridges.

Milton.

Bridged

BRIDG'ED, participle passive Covered or furnished with a bridge.

Bridging

BRIDG'ING, participle of the present tense Erecting a bridge; building a bridge over.

Bridgy

BRIDG'Y, adjective Full of bridges. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Bridle

BRI'DLE, noun [Saxon bridl, or bridel; French bride; Armoric brid; Dutch breidel, a bridle; Spanish brida, the reins of a bridle; Portugese brida.]

1. The instrument with which a horse is governed and restrained by a rider; consisting of a head-stall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages, according to its particular form and uses.

2. A restraint; a curb; a check.

Watts.

3. A short piece of cable well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a harbor, and the upper end drawn into a ship and secured to the bitts. The use is to enable a ship, when moored, to veer with the wind and tide.

Mar. Dict.

Bowline bridles are short legs or pieces of rope, running through iron thimbles, by which the bowline attaches to different places on the leech or edge of a large sail.

Marc. Dict.

Bridle

BRI'DLE, verb transitive To put on a bridle; as, to bridle a horse.

2. To restrain, guide or govern; to check, curb or control; as, to bridle the passions; "to bridle a muse."

Pope.

Bridle the excursions of youth.

Dwight.

Bridle

BRI'DLE, verb intransitive To hold up the head, and draw in the chin.

Bridled

BRI'DLED, participle passive Having a bridle on; restrained.

Bridle-Hand

BRI'DLE-HAND, noun [bridle and hand.] The hand which holds the bridle in riding.

Sidney.

Bridler

BRI'DLER, noun One that bridles; one that restrains and governs.

Milton.

Bridling

BRI'DLING, participle of the present tense Putting on a bridle; restraining; curbing.

2. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin.

The bridling frown of wrinkled brows.

Trumbull.

Brief

BRIEF, adjective [French bref; Italian Spanish Portugese breve; Latin brevis, whence brevio, to shorten, abbreviate. Brevis, in Latin, is doubtless contracted from the Greek, whence to abridge. The Greek word coincides in elements with break.]

Short; concise; it is used chiefly of language, discourses, writings and time; as a brief space, a brief review of a book. Shakspeare applies it to wars, to nature, &c. A little brief authority, is authority very limited.

Brief

BRIEF, noun [In this sense the word has been received into most of the languages of Europe.]

1. An epitome; a short or concise writing. This is the general sense of the word, as explained by Zonaras on the council of Carthage. It was thus used as early as the third century after Christ.

Spelman.

In modern times, an apostolical brief is a letter which the pope dispatches to a prince or other magistrate, relating to public affairs. A brief is distinguished from a bull, in being more concise, written on paper, sealed with red wax, and impressed with the seal of the fisherman or Peter 1n a boat. A bull is more ample, written on parchment, and sealed with lead or green wax.

Encyc.

2. In law, an abridgment of a client's case, made out for the instruction of council on a trial at law.

Encyc. Johnson.

Also, a writ summoning a man to answer to any action; or any precept of the king in writing, issuing from any court, whereby he commands a thing to be done.

Cowel.

In Scots law, a writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence.

Encyc.

3. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a public collection or charitable contribution of money for any public or private purpose.

New-England.

4. A writing in general.

Shak.

In music, the word, if I mistake not, is now written breve.

Briefly

BRIE'FLY, adverb Concisely; in few words.

Bacon.

Briefness

BRIE'FNESS, noun Shortness; conciseness in discourse or writing.

Camden.

Brier

BRI'ER, noun [Saxon broer; Irish briar, a prickle; French bruyere, heath; Armoric brug. The latter shows this word to be from the root of rough.]

1. In a general sense, a prickly plant or shrub. Isaiah 5:6. Judges 8:7.

2. In a limited sense, the sweet-brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose.

Briery

BRI'ERY, adjective Full of briers; rough; thorny.

Johnson.

Brig

BRIG, the termination of names, signifies a bridge, or perhaps, in some cases, a town, or burg.

Brig

BRIG, noun [from brigantine.] A vessel with two masts, square rigged, or rigged nearly like a ship's mainmast and foremast. The term however is variously applied by the mariners of different nations.

Mar. Dict.

Brigade

BRIGA'DE, noun [French brigade; Italian brigata; Spanish and Portugese brigada; perhaps from Arabic farikon, agmen, turba hominum major, that is, a division, from faraka, to break. This word comes to us from the south of Europe, and may have been introduced into Spain by the Moors. If this conjecture is not well founded, I know not the origin of the word. See Cast. Hept. Col. 3084.]

A party or division of troops, or soldiers, whether cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, commanded by a brigadier. It consists of an indeterminate number of regiments, squadrons, or battalions. A brigade of horse is a body of eight or ten squadrons; of infantry, four, five, or six battalions, or regiments.

Brigade

BRIGA'DE, verb transitive To form into a brigade, or into brigades.

Brigade-Major

BRIGA'DE-MAJOR, noun [See Major.] An officer appointed by the brigadier, to assist him in the management and ordering of his brigade.

Brigadier

BRIGADIE'R, noun [French from brigade.] The general officer who commands a brigade, whether of horse or foot, and in rank next below a major-general.

Brigand

BRIG'AND, noun [French brigand; Welsh brigant, a mountaineer, a plunderer, from Welsh brig, a top or summit.]

A robber; a free booter; a lawless fellow who lives by plunder, or who belongs to a band of robbers.

Warburton.

Brigandage

BRIG'ANDAGE, noun Theft; robbery; plunder.

Warburton.

Brigandine

BRIG'ANDINE, noun [Qu. the origin of this word. In Pers. praghe is a helmet.]

Anciently, a coat of mail. The name has ceased to be used, with the disuse of the thing. It consisted of thin jointed scales of plate, pliant and easy to the body.

Encyc.

Brigantine

BRIG'ANTINE, noun [French brigantin; Armoric bringantine; Italian brigantino; Spanish bergantin; Portugese bargantim; Dutch berkantyn. Qu. from Latin aphractum, Greek, a vessel without a deck, uncovered. It is usually derived from brigand.] [See Brig.]

Bright

BRIGHT, adjective brite. [Saxon beorht, briht, byrht, or bryht, clear, shining, whence beorhtnes, brightness, beorhtian, Gothic bairtiyan, to shine or be clear, or to manifest; Arabic Chaldee Hebrew Syriac Ethiopic to shine, or more probably, Ethiopic bareah, to shine, as the Ethiopic participle berht or bereht, corresponds exactly with the Saxon. I have not found this word in any other Teutonic or Gothic language, and the original verb is lost in the Saxon. In Saxon, beorhthwile, or brihthwile, signifies a moment, the twinkling of an eye. This directs us to the primary sense of the verb to shine, which is, to shoot, to dart, to glance. That this is the primary sense, we have evidence from the Saxon bryhtm, which is a derivative from bryht, and which signifies a moment, that is, the time of a shoot, or darting, like glance.]

1. Shining; lucid; luminous; splendid; as a bright sun or star; a bright metal.

2. Clear; transparent; as liquors.

Thomson.

3. Evident; clear; manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes.

The evidence of this truth is bright.

Watts.

4. Resplendent with charms; as a bright beauty; the brightest fair.

Pope.

5. Illuminated with science; sparkling with wit; as the brightest of men.

Pope.

6. Illustrious; glorious; as the brightest period of a kingdom.

Cotton.

7. In popular language, ingenious; possessing an active mind.

8. Promising good or success; as bright prospects.

9. Sparkling; animated; as bright eyes.

Bright-Burning

BRIGHT-BURNING, adjective Burning with a bright flame.

Brighten

BRIGHTEN, v. t. britn. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase luster.

2. To make luminous by light from without, or by dispelling gloom; as, to brighten sorrow or prospects.

Philips.

3. To cheer; to make gay or cheerful.

Joy brightens his crest.

Milton.

4. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; as, to brighten a character.

Swift.

5. To make acute or witty.

Johnson.

Brighten

BRIGHTEN, v. i. britn.. To grow bright, or more bright; to clear up; as, the sky brightens.

2. To become less dark or gloomy; as, our prospects brighten.

Bright-Eyed

BRIGHT-EYED, adjective Having bright eyes.

Gray.

Bright-Haired

BRIGHT-HAIRED, adjective Having bright hair.

Milton.

Bright-Harnessed

BRIGHT-HARNESSED, adjective Having glittering armor.

Milton.

Brightly

BRIGHTLY, adv. britely. Splendidly; with luster.

Brightness

BRIGHTNESS, noun briteness. Splendor; luster; glitter.

South.

2. Acuteness, applied to the faculties; sharpness of wit; as the brightness of a man's parts.

Prior.

Bright-Shining

BRIGHT-SHINING, adjective Shining with splendor.

Spenser.

Brigose

BRIGO'SE, adjective [from brigue.] Contentious. [Not used.]

Puller.

Brigue

BRIGUE, noun breeg. [French brigue; Spanish brega; Italian briga, strife, disquiet; Irish breaghean, to debate, to quarrel.]

A cabal; intrigue; faction; contention. [Little used.]

Chaucer. Chesterfield.

Brigue

BRIGUE, v. i. breeg. To canvass; to solicit. [Little used.]

Hurd.

Brilliancy

BRILL'IANCY, noun [See Brilliant.] Splendor; glitter; great brightness.

Brilliant

BRILL'IANT, adjective [French brillant, sparkling, from briller, to shine or sparkle; Italian brillante, sparkling; brillo, joy, gladness, also tipsey; Spanish brillar, to glitter; brillador, brilliant; brillo, splendor; German and Danish brille, a pair of spectacles; hence beryl and pearl.]

1. Sparkling with luster; glittering; as a brilliant gem; a brilliant dress.

2. Splendid; shining; as a brilliant achievement.

Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes, than to perform brilliant exploits.

Ames.

Brilliant

BRILL'IANT, noun A diamond of the finest cut, formed into angles, so as to refract the light, by which it is rendered more glittering.

Dryden. Encyc.

2. In the manege, a brisk, high-spirited horse, with a stately carriage.

Encyc.

Brilliantly

BRILL'IANTLY, adverb Splendidly.

Warton.

Brilliantness

BRILL'IANTNESS, noun Brilliancy; splendor; glitter.

Johnson.

Brills

BRILLS, noun The hair on the eyelids of a horse.

Brim

BRIM, noun [Saxon brymm; Swedish br?m; Danish broemme; probably the extent or extreme.]

1. The rim, lip or broad border of any vessel or other thing; as the brim of a hat, or of a vessel.

2. The upper edge of a vessel, whether broad or not; as the brim of a cup or glass.

3. The top of any liquor; the edge or that next the border at the top.

The feet of the priests were dipped in the brim of the water. Joshua 3.

4. The edge or brink of a fountain; the verge.

Drayton.

Brim

BRIM, adjective [Saxon bryme.] Public; well known; celebrated. [Not in used.]

Warner.

Brim

BRIM, verb transitive To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top.

Milton.

Brim

BRIM, verb intransitive To be full to the brim.

Philips.

Brimful

BRIM'FUL, adjective [brim and full.] Full to the top; completely full; as a glass brimful; a heart brimful of tears.

Brimfulness

BRIM'FULNESS, noun Fulness to the top. [Not used.]

Shak.

Brimless

BRIM'LESS, adjective Having no brim.

Addison.

Brimmer

BRIM'MER, noun A bowl full to the top.

Dryden.

Brimming

BRIM'MING, adjective Full to the top or brim; as a brimming pail.

Dryden.

Brimstone

BRIM'STONE, noun [Saxon bryne, combustion, and stone, burn-stone, or burning stone. See Brand and Burn.]

Sulphur; a hard, brittle, imflammable substance, of a lemon yellow color, which has no smell, unless heated, and which becomes negatively electric by heat and friction. It is found, in great quantities, and sometimes pure, in the neighborhood of volcanoes. It is an ingredient in a variety of minerals and ores. The sulphur of commerce is procured from its natural beds, or artificially extracted from pyrites.

Hooper. Nicholson.

Brimstony

BRIM'STONY, adjective Full of brimstone, or containing it; resembling brimstone; sulphurous.

Brinded

BRIND'ED, adjective [Italian brinato, spotted.] Marked with spots; tabby; having different colors.

Milton.

Brindle

BRIN'DLE, noun [from brind, the root of brinded.]

The state of being brinded; spottedness.

Richardson.

Brindled

BRIN'DLED, adjective Spotted; variegated with spots of different colors.

Addison.

Brine

BRINE, noun [Saxon bryne, brine, and a burning, from brennan, to burn.]

1. Water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt, like the water of the ocean. Artificial brine is used for the preservation of the flesh of animals, fish, vegetables, &c.

2. The ocean or sea.

Milton.

3. Tears, so called from their saltness.

Shak.

Leach brine is brine which drops from corned salt in drying, which is preserved to be boiled again.

Encyc.

Brine

BRINE, verb transitive To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut; also, to mix salt with, as to brine hay.

Encyc.

Brine-Pan

BRI'NE-PAN, noun [brine and pan.] A pit of salt water, where, by the action of the sun, salt is formed by crystalization.

Brine-Pit

BRI'NE-PIT, noun [brine and pit.] A brine-pan, or a salt spring from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt.

Encyc.

Brine-Spring

BRI'NE-SPRING, noun [brine and spring.] A spring of salt water.

Encyc.

Bring

BRING, verb transitive pret. and pp. brought. [Saxon bringan; Swedish bringa; Danish bringer; Dutch brengen; German bringen; Gothic briggan. We see by brought, Dutch bragt, and the Gothic briggan, that n is not radical.]

1. To fetch; to bear, convey or lead from a distant to a nearer place, or to a person; as, bring me a book from the shelf; bring me a morsel of bread. In this sense, it is opposed to carry, and it is applied to the person bearing or leading, in opposition to sending or transmitting by another.

2. To produce; to procure as a cause; to draw to.

Nothing brings a man more honor than to be invariably just.

3. To attract or draw along.

In distillation the water brings over with it another substance.

4. To cause to come; to cause to proceed from a distant place, in company, or at the same time; as, to bring a boat over a river; to bring a horse or carriage; to bring a cargo of dry goods.

5. To cause to come to a point, by moral influence; used of the mind, and implying previous remoteness, aversion, alienation, or disagreement; as, to bring the mind to assent to a proposition; or to bring a man to terms, by persuasion or argument. In this sense, it is nearly equivalent to persuade, prevail upon, or induce. The same process is effected by custom, and other causes. Habit brings us to relish things at first disagreeable; reflection brings a man to his senses, and whether the process is slow or rapid, the sense of the verb is the same. To bring to the mind any thing before and forgotten, is to recall; but the sense of bring is the same.

The primary sense is to lead, draw or cause to come; the sense of conveying or bearing is secondary.

The use of this verb is so extensive, and incorporated into so many peculiar phrases, that it is not easy to reduce its significations within any precise limits. In general, the verb bring implies motion from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense. It is used with various modifying words.

To bring back is to recall, implying previous departure, either in a literal or figurative sense.

To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish; to bring to the desired issue.

To bring forth is to produce, as young or fruit; also, to bring to light; that is, to make manifest; to disclose.

To bring forward, to cause to advance; to produce to view.

To bring in, to import; to introduce; to bear from a remote place within a certain precinct; to place in a particular condition; to collect things dispersed; to reduce within the limits of law and government; to produce, as income, rent or revenue; to induce to join; &c.

To bring off, to bear or convey from a distant place, as to bring off men from an isle; also, to procure to be acquitted; to clear from condemnation; to cause to escape.

To bring on, to cause to begin, as to bring on an action; also, to originate or cause to exist, as to bring on a disease; also, to bear or convey from a distance, as to bring on a quantity of goods; also, to attend, or to aid in advancing, as to bring one on his way.

To bring over, to bear across, as to bring over dispatches, to bring over passengers in a boat; also, to convert by persuasion or other means; to draw to a new party; to cause to change sides, or an opinion.

To bring out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from concealment; as, to bring out an accomplice or his crimes.

To bring under, to subdue; to repress; to restrain; to reduce to obedience: also, to bring beneath any thing.

To bring up, to nurse; to educate; to instruct; to feed and clothe; to form the manners, and furnish the mind with knowledge. The phrase may comprehend all these particulars. Also, to introduce to practice, as to bring up a fashion or ceremony; also, to cause to advance near, as to bring up forces, or the body of reserve: also, to bear or convey upwards. In navigation, to cast anchor.

To bring down, to cause to come down; also, to humble or abase, as to bring down high looks.

To bring to, in navigation, to check the course of a ship, by arranging the sails in such a manner, that they shall counteract each other, and keep her nearly stationary. She is then said to lie to. The phrase is used also in applying a rope to the capstan.

To bring by the lee, to incline so rapidly to leeward of the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side suddenly to the windward, and by laying the sails aback, expose her to the danger of oversetting.

Mar. Dict.

Bringer

BRING'ER, noun One who brings, or conveys to.

Bringer in, the person who introduces.

Bringer up, an instructor; one who feeds, clothes, and educates; also, one who is in the rear of an army.

Ascham.

Bringing

BRING'ING, participle of the present tense Bearing to; conveying; persuading; causing to come.

Bringing Forth

BRING'ING FORTH, noun Production.

Shak.

Brinish

BRI'NISH, adjective [from brine.] Like brine; salt; somewhat salt; saltish.

Brinishness

BRI'NISHNESS, noun Saltness; the quality of being saltish.

Brink

BRINK, noun [Danish Swedish brink; Welsh bryncyn; Irish breoch, bruach; from break.]

The edge, margin or border of a steep place, as of a precipice, or the bank of a river.

Briny

BRI'NY, adjective [from brine.] Pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as a briny taste; the briny flood.

Dryden. Addison.

Brisk

BRISK, adjective [This word may be of the same family with frisk, and fresh, which see. Welsh brysg, from brys, quick; brysiaw, to hasten, coinciding with press; from Welsh rhys, a rushing. See Rush.]

1. Lively; active; nimble; gay; sprightly; vivacious; applied to animals; as a brisk young man; a brisk horse.

2. Full of spirit or life; effervescing, as liquors; as brisk cyder.

3. Lively; burning freely; as a brisk fire.

4. Vivid; bright; as, a glass makes an object appear brisk. [Not used.]

Newton.

Brisk Up

BRISK UP, verb transitive To make lively; to enliven; to animate.

Brisk Up

BRISK UP, verb intransitive To come up with life and speed; to take an erect, or bold attitude.

Brisket

BRISK'ET, noun [Qu. French brechet.] The breast of an animal; or that part of the breast that lies next to the ribs. The fore part of the neck of a horse, at the shoulder down to the fore legs.

Bailey.

Briskly

BRISK'LY, adverb Actively; vigorously; with life and spirit.

Boyle. Ray.

Briskness

BRISK'NESS, noun Liveliness; vigor in action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence of liquors.

South. Dryden.

Bristle

BRIS'TLE, n. bris'l. [Saxon bristl, and byrst; Swedish borst; Dutch borstel, a bristle, a brush; German borste, bristle; borsten, to bristle up; Danish bryster, to strut. The sense is, a shoot.]

1. The stiff glossy hair of swine, especially that growing on the back, used for making brushes; similar hair on other animals.

2. A species of pubescence on plants, in form of stiff roundish hair.

Martyn.

Bristle

BRIS'TLE, verb transitive To erect in bristles; to erect in defiance or anger, like a swine; as, to bristle the crest.

Shak.

2. To fix a bristle; as, to bristle a thread.

Johnson.

Bristle

BRIS'TLE, verb intransitive To rise or stand erect; as, the hair bristles.

Dryden.

2. To raise the head and strut, as in anger or defiance; as, a man bristles up to another. In this sense the word is common in the U. States, but generally pronounced brustle.

Bristle-Shaped

BRIS'TLE-SHAPED, adjective [bristle and shape.]

Of the thickness and length of a bristle, as a leaf.

Martyn.

Bristly

BRIS'TLY, adjective bris'ly. Thick set with bristles, or with hairs like bristles; rough.

Bacon.

Bristol-Flower

BRIS'TOL-FLOWER, noun A species of Lychnis, bachelor's button or catch fly.

Fam. of Plants.

Bristol-Stone

BRIS'TOL-STONE, noun Rock crystal or crystals of quartz, found in a rock near the city of Bristol in England.

Bristol-Water

BRIS'TOL-WATER, noun The water of a warm spring near the city of Bristol in England.

Ash. Encyc.

Brit

BRIT, noun A fish; probably a different orthography of bret, or burt.

Carew.

Britannic

BRITAN'NIC, adjective Pertaining to Britain; or in its present use, to Great Britain. It is applied almost exclusively to the title of the king; as his Britannic Majesty. In the Encyclopedia, article Argo Navis, it is applied to catalogue, the Britannic catalogue.

Britch

BRITCH, noun [German britsche, a club or mace.]

The large end of a cannon or of a musket; the club or thick part of the stock of a musket or other fire arm.

Britch

BRITCH', verb transitive To fasten with britching.

Britching

BRITCH'ING, noun A strong rope, fastened to the cascabel or pummelion of a cannon, by a thimble, and clinched to ring bolts in the ship's side, to prevent it from recoiling too much in battle.

Mar. Dict.

Brite

BRITE, or BRIGHT, verb intransitive To be or become over ripe, as wheat, barley or hops.

Johnson.

[I know not that this word is used in the U. States.]

British

BRIT'ISH, adjective Pertaining to Great Britain or its inhabitants. It is sometimes applied to the language of the Welsh.

Briton

BRIT'ON, noun A native of Britain.

Briton

BRIT'ON, adjective British.

Spenser.

Brittle

BRIT'TLE, adjective [Saxon brittan, brytan, to break; Swedish bryta; Danish bryder, id.; Welsh brad, a breaking; Samaritan; Chaldee; Arabic; Syriac; Hebrew, to part, to break. See Part.]

Easily broken, or easily breaking short, without splinters or loose parts rent from the substance; fragile; not tough or tenacious; as brittle stone or glass.

Arbuthnot.

Brittlely

BRIT'TLELY, adverb In a brittle manner.

Sherwood.

Brittleness

BRIT'TLENESS, noun Aptness to break; fragility; opposed to toughness and tenacity.

Boyle.

Brize

BRIZE, noun The gad fly. [See Breeze.]

Broach

BROACH, noun [French broche, a spit, faucet or quill; Welsh proc, a thrust, a stab; Italian brocco, a peg; brocciare, to prick; Spanish broca, a drill, a tack. It denotes a shoot, a sharp pointed thing.]

1. A spit, and in some parts of the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin.

Encyc.

2. A musical instrument played by turning a handle.

Johnson.

3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a vest. [See Brooch.]

4. A start of the head of a young stag.

Johnson.

Broach

BROACH, verb transitive [Welsh prociaw, to thrust or stab.]

1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit.

Shak. Hakewill.

2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor; hence, to let out.

Hudibras.

3. To open, as a store. [Unusual.]

Knolles.

4. To utter; to give out; to publish first; to make public what was before unknown; as, to broach an opinion.

Swift.

To broach to, in navigation, to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.

Mar. Dict.

Broached

BROACHED, participle passive Spitted; tapped; opened; uttered; first published.

Broacher

BROACHER, noun A spit; one who broaches, opens or utters; a first publisher.

Dryden. L'Estrange.

Broad

BROAD, adjective brawd. [Saxon brad; Swedish bred; Dutch breed; German breit; Danish breed, broad; Armoric brudi, brudein, to publish. This word and spread seem to be formed on the root or to open, expand, spread; in Syriac to go, Latin gradior; a root of extensive use.]

1. Wide; extended in breadth, or from side to side, as distinguished from long, or extended from end to end. It is opposed to narrow; as a broad street; a broad table.

Dryden. Temple.

2. Wide; extensive; vast; as the broad expanse of ocean.

3. Large; as a broad mixture of falsehood.

Locke.

4. Open; clear; not covered, confined or concealed; as in broad sunshine.

5. Gross; coarse; as broad mirth; broad nonsense.

Pope. Dryden.

6. Plain; tending to obscenity; as a broad comment.

Dryden.

7. Bold; not delicate; not reserved; as broad words.

Shak.

8. Comprehensive.

It may be urged that the words in the constitution are broad enough to include the case.

Dutch Daggett, Wheaton's Rep.

Broad as long, equal upon the whole.

L'Estrange.

Broad-Ax

BROAD-AX, noun [broad and ax.] Formerly, a military weapon. In modern usage, an ax for hewing timber.

Broad-Backed

BROAD-BACKED, adjective [broad and back.]

Having a broad back.

Barlow.

Broad-Blown

BROAD-BLOWN, adjective [broad and blow.]

Full blown.

Shak.

Broad-Breasted

BROAD-BREASTED, adjective Having a broad breast.

Broad-Brimmed

BROAD-BRIMMED, adjective [broad and brim.]

Having a broad brim.

Bramston.

Broad-Cast

BROAD-CAST, noun [broad and cast.] Among farmers, a casting or throwing seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing.

Broad-Cast

BROAD-CAST, adverb By scattering or throwing at large from the hand; as, to sow broad-cast.

Broad-Cast

BROAD-CAST, adjective Cast or dispersed upon the ground with the hand, as seed in sowing; opposed to planting in hills or rows.

Broad-Cloth

BROAD-CLOTH, noun A species of woolen cloth, so called from its breadth.

Broaden

BROADEN, verb intransitive brawd'n. To grow broad. [Unusual.]

Thomson.

Broad-Eyed

BROAD-EYED, adjective [broad and eye.] Having a wide view or survey; as broad-eyed day.

Shak.

Broad-Fronted

BROAD-FRONTED, adjective Having a broad front; applied to cattle.

Chapman.

Broad-Horned

BROAD-HORNED, adjective Having large horns.

Huloet.

Broadish

BROAD'ISH, adjective Rather broad.

Russel.

Broad-Leaved

BROAD-LEAVED, or BROAD-LEAFED, adjective [broad and leaf.]

Having broad leaves.

Woodward.

Broadly

BROADLY, adverb In a broad manner.

Broadness

BROADNESS, noun Breadth; extent from side to side; coarseness; grossness; fulsomeness.

Dryden.

Broad-Piece

BROAD-PIECE, noun [broad and piece.] A piece of gold coin broader than a guinea.

Encyc.

Broad-Seal

BROAD-SEAL, noun The great seal of England; as a verb, not used.

Broad-Shouldered

BROAD-SHOULDERED, adjective [broad and shoulder.] Broad across the shoulders.

Spectator.

Broad-Side

BROAD-SIDE, noun [broad and side.] A discharge of all the guns on one side of a ship, above and below, at the same time.

Mar. Dict.

2. The side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the quarter.

Mar. Dict.

3. In printing, a sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only.

Ash. Johnson.

Broad-Spreading

BROAD-SPREADING, adjective Spreading widely.

Shak.

Broad-Sword

BROAD-SWORD, noun [broad and sword.]

A sword with a broad blade, and a cutting edge.

Ash. Wiseman.

Broad-Tailed

BROAD-TAILED, adjective Having a broad tail.

Sandys.

Broad-Wise

BROAD-WISE, adverb [broad and wise.] In the direction of the breadth.

Boyle.

Brocade

BROCA'DE, noun [Spanish brocado; probably from broche, the instrument used in embroidery; so French brochure, a pamphlet or stitched book.]

Silk stuff, variegated with gold and silver, or raised and enriched with flowers, foliage and other ornaments.

Encyc. Span. Dict.

Brocaded

BROCA'DED, adjective Woven or worked, as bro cade, with gold and silver.

2. Drest in brocade.

Johnson.

Brocade-Shell

BROCADE-SHELL, noun The trivial name of the Conus geographicus.

Cyc.

Brocage

BRO'CAGE, noun [See Broke, Broker.]

1. The premium or commission of a broker; the gain or profit derived from transacting business for other men, as brokers, either in a good or bad sense.

Spenser.

2. The hire given for any unlawful office.

Bacon.

3. The trade of a broker; a dealing in old things.

4. The business of a broker; the transactions of commercial business, as buying and selling, for other men. [See Broke, Broker.]

5. The act of pimping.

Ash.

Brocatel

BRO'CATEL, or BROCATEL'LO, noun [Spanish brocatel.] A calcarious stone or species of marble, composed of fragments of four colors, white, gray, yellow and red.

Fourcroy. Nicholson. Spanish Dict.

2. A kind of coarse brocade, used chiefly for tapestry. Newman says it is made of hemp and silk.

Encyc. Newman's Spanish Dict.

Broccoli

BROC'COLI, noun [Italian broccolo, sprouts; French brocoli.]

A variety of cabbage or Brassica.

Broche

BROCHE, the true, but not the common orthography of broach.

Brock

BROCK, noun [Saxon broc; Irish broc; Cornish id; Welsh broc, a badger, and noise, din, tumult, foam, anger; broÃƒ-§i, to chafe, fume, wax fierce, from rhoc, a rough sound; rhoÃƒ-§ain, to grunt. Owen.]

A badger; an animal of the genus Ursus, found in the northern parts of Europe and Asia. The Russians call it barsuk. In Irish brech is a wolf, a wild savage and a badger.

Brocket

BROCK'ET, noun [See Brock.] A red deer two years old. Bailey writes this brock or brocket. The French write it brocard.

Brodekin

BRO'DEKIN, noun [French brodequin.] A buskin or half boot.

Echard.

Broggle

BROG'GLE, verb intransitive To fish for eels. [Not used.]

Brogue

BROGUE, noun brog. [Irish brog, a shoe, a house.]

1. A shoe. "Clouted brogues," in Shakspeare, signify shoes whose soles are studded with nails, or clouts.

2. A cant word for a corrupt dialect or manner or of pronunciation.

Farquhar.

3. Brogues is used by Shenstone for breeches, from the Irish brog.

Brogue-Maker

BROGUE-MAKER, noun A maker of brogues.

Johnson.

Broid

BROID, verb transitive To braid. Obs. [See Braid.]

Broider

BROID'ER, verb transitive [French broder; Spanish and Portugese bordar, to embroider; Armoric brouda, to prick; Dutch borduuren, to embroider; Welsh brodiaw, to make compact, to darn, to embroider; brwyd, a broach, an embroidering frame.]

To adorn with figures of needle work.

A robe, a broidered coat, and a girdle. Exod.

Broiderer

BROID'ERER, noun One that embroiders.

Broidery

BROID'ERY, noun Embroidery; ornamental needle work wrought upon cloth. [See Embroider.]

Tickel.

Broil

BROIL, noun [French brouillerie, from brouiller, to mix, confound, embroil; Italian broglia, tumult; brogliare, to embroil. From this verb, we have roil, to disturb, as lees. See Roil. The primary sense is, to stir, to agitate. It may be allied to brawl and the French bruler.]

A tumult; a noisy quarrel; contention; discord, either between individuals or in the state.

Shak. Granville.

Broil

BROIL, verb transitive [Qu. French bruler. I believe this is from brouiller.]

To agitate with heat; to dress or cook over coals, before the fire; but more generally upon a gridiron over coals.

Dryden.

Broil

BROIL, verb intransitive To be subjected to the action of heat, like meat over the fire; to be greatly heated or to sweat with heat.

Where have you been broiling?

Shak.

Broiled

BROIL'ED, participle passive Agitated or dressed by heat.

Broiler

BROIL'ER, noun One that excites broils; that which dresses by broiling.

Broiling

BROIL'ING, participle of the present tense Agitating by heat; sweating.

Broke

BROKE, verb intransitive [Saxon brucan, to use, employ, enjoy; to eat or chew; to brook; to profit; broce, use; brec, use, gain; bryce, gain, profit, fruit, fructus; a violation, or breaking; Swedish bruka; German brauchen; Danish bruger; Dutch gebruiken, to use or employ; Latin fruor, for frucor, whence fructus, fruit; Greek,. See Practice.]

To transact business for another in trade; to act as agent in buying and selling, and other commercial business; to transact business by an agent.

Bacon. Shak.

[This word is little used, at least in America; and English writers seem to have used it in a low sense.]

Broke

BROKE, preterit tense and participle passive of break.

Broken

BRO'KEN, participle passive of break. bro'kn. Parted by violence; rent asunder; infirm; made bankrupt.

Broken-Backed

BRO'KEN-BACKED, adjective A broken-backed ship is one which is so weakened in her frame as to droop at each end.

Mar. Dict.

Broken-Bellied

BRO'KEN-BELLIED, adjective Having a ruptured belly.

Sandys.

Broken-Hearted

BRO'KEN-HEARTED, adjective [break and heart.] Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair.

Brokenly

BRO'KENLY, adverb In a broken interrupted manner; without a regular series.

Hakewill.

Brokenness

BRO'KENNESS, noun A state of being broken; unevenness.

2. Contrition; as brokenness of heart.

Brokenwind

BRO'KENWIND, noun [break and wind.] A disease in horses, often accompanied with a preternatural enlargement of the lungs and heart, which disables them from bearing fatigue.

Encyc.

Brokenwinded

BRO'KENWINDED, adjective Having short breath, as a horse.

Broker

BRO'KER, noun [from broke.]

1. An agent or negotiator, who is employed by merchants to make and conclude bargains for them, for a fee or rate per cent., or who transacts other business for his employers.

Brokers are of several kinds.

1. Exchange-brokers, who make and conclude bargains for others in matters of money or merchandize, learn the rate of exchange and notify their employers.

2. Stock-brokers, who are employed to buy and sell shares in the stocks, whether of the public funds, of banks or of other corporations.

3. Pawn-brokers, who make it their business to lend money upon pawns, that is, property deposited in pledge.

4. Insurance-brokers, whose business is to procure the insurance of vessels at sea or bound on a voyage.

In the U. States, the business of a stock-broker and an insurance-broker is often or generally carried on by the same person.

2. One who deals in old household goods.

Johnson.

3. A pimp or procurer.

Shak. Johnson.

[In the two latter senses, the word, I believe, is never used in America, unless in cant language.]

Brokerage

BRO'KERAGE, noun The fee, reward or commission given or charged for transacting business as a broker.

Anderson's Comm.

Brokerly

BRO'KERLY, adjective Mean; servile.

Jonson.

Brokery

BRO'KERY, noun The business of a broker. [Not used.]

Hall.

Broking

BRO'KING, participle of the present tense Transacting business as a broker; practiced by brokers.

Shak.

Brome

BROME, noun [Greek, foetor.] A liquid of a deep red-brown color, very volatile, and having an ill smell, obtained from the mother-water of salt-works, and from the lixivia of the ashes of sea plants, by treating these solutions with chlorine. It has three times the density of water.

Journ. of Science.

Brome-Grass

BROME-GRASS, noun A plant, the Bromus.

Muhlenberg.

Bronchial

BRONCH'IAL, adjective [Greek, the wind-pipe.] Belonging to the bronchia, or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs.

The bronchial arteries are branches of the superior descending aorta accompanying the bronchia, or branches of the trachea.

Bronchial glands, glands at the division of the bronchia.

Quincy. Coxe.

Bronchic

BRONCH'IC, adjective The same as bronchial.

Bronchocele

BRONCH'OCELE, noun [Greek, the wind-pipe, and, a tumor.]

An enlarged thyroid gland; a tumor on the fore part of the neck, called goiter; the Derbyshire neck.

Quincy. Coxe.

Bronchotomy

BRONCHOT'OMY, noun [Greek, the wind-pipe, and, a cutting.]

An incision into the wind pipe or larynx, between the rings; called also tracheotomy.

Quincy. Coxe.

Brond

BROND, noun A sword. [See Brand.]

Brontology

BRONTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, thunder, and, discourse.]

A discourse or dissertation upon thunder, containing an explanation of its causes and phenomena.

Encyc.

Bronz

BRONZ, or BRONZE, noun [French bronze; Armoric bronÃƒ-§z; Italian bronzo; Spanish bronce. In Ital. bronzino is sun burnt. It may take its name from its color, from burn, brown.]

1. A compound of copper and tin, to which other metallic substances are sometimes added, especially zink. It is brittle, hard, and sonorous, and used for statues, bells and cannon, the proportions of the respective ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes.

Nicholson. Encyc.

2. A color prepared for the purpose of imitating bronze, of two kinds, the yellow and the red. The yellow is made of fine copper-dust; the red, of copper-dust with a little pulverized red ocher.

Encyc.

3. Among antiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze.

Encyc.

4. Any statue or bust cast of bronze, whether original or a copy of an antique.

Encyc.

5. Among medalists, any copper medal.

Encyc.

Bronze

BRONZE, verb transitive To imitate bronze, by means of copper-dust or leaf fastened on the outside, as gold-leaf is in gilding.

Encyc.

2. To harden, or make like brass.

Young.

Bronzing

BRONZ'ING, participle of the present tense Imitating bronze.

Bronzing

BRONZ'ING, noun The act or art of imitating bronze, by means of copper-dust or leaf.

Encyc.

Bronzite

BRONZ'ITE, noun [from bronze.] A mineral, called by HaÃƒ-¼y diallage metalloÃƒ-¯de, nearly allied to Labrador hornblend, or hyperstene. It has a yellowish brown color and semi-metallic luster, approaching to that of bronze.

Dict.

Bronzite is regarded by Cleaveland as a subspecies of diallage.

Brooch

BROOCH, noun broche. [Slav. obrutsh, or obruch, a ring, a circle, a bracelet.]

1. An ornamental utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt, as formerly used in America. It is usually made of silver, often round, with a tongue crossing its diameter, sometimes with two tongues. It formerly was used in England, as it was in America, and is still in the highlands of Scotland.

Encyc.

2. A jewel.

3. With painters, a painting all of one color.

Dict.

Brooch

BROOCH, verb transitive To adorn or furnish with brooches or jewels.

Shak.

Brood

BROOD, verb intransitive [Saxon brod, a brood; and broedan, bredan, to dilate or extend, to warm, to divulge, to spread; Dutch broeden, to brood; German brÃƒ-¼ten, to brood; brut, brood; Welsh brwd, warm; brydiaw, to warm. The sense is, to warm, or to cover, to spread over.]

1. To sit on and cover, as a fowl on her eggs for the purpose of warming them and hatching chickens, or as a hen over her chickens, to warm and protect them.

2. To sit on; to spread over, as with wings; as, to sit brooding over the vast abyss.

Milton.

3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous thought; to have the mind uninterruptedly dwell a long time on a subject; as, the miser broods over his gold.

Dryden.

4. To mature any thing with care.

Bacon.

Brood

BROOD, verb transitive To sit over, cover and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens.

2. To cherish.

You'll brood your sorrows on a throne.

Dryden.

Brood

BROOD, noun [Saxon brod.] Offspring; progeny; formerly used of human beings in elegant works, and we have brother, from this word; but it is now more generally used in contempt.

2. A hatch; the young birds hatched at once; as a brood of chickens or of ducks.

3. That which is bred; species generated; that which is produced.

Lybia's broods of poison.

Addison.

4. The act of covering the eggs, or of brooding. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Brooded

BROOD'ED, participle passive Covered with the wings; cherished.

Brooding

BROOD'ING, participle of the present tense Sitting on; covering and warming; dwelling on with anxiety.

Broody

BROOD'Y, adjective In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching; inclined to sit. [Unusual.]

Ray.

Brook

BROOK, noun [Saxon broc, or brooc. As the sense is a stream or flowing, it may be the Dutch broek, German bruch, a marsh, and allied to Greek, or, to rain, to pour, to flow, Eolic, a brook. Near the site of ancient Troy is a stream called Thymbrec, Thymbrius.]

A small natural stream of water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less than a river. In some parts of America, run is used in a like sense; but run is also applied to larger streams than brook.

Brook

BROOK, verb transitive [Saxon brucan, to use, employ or perform, to eat or chew; broecan, brecan, to break; Greek, to eat, to grind the teeth.]

Literally, to chew or digest, as the French digerir. Hence,

To bear; to endure; to support; as, young men cannot brook restraint.

Hooker. Dryden.

Brook-Lime

BROOK'-LIME, noun [brook and lime.] A plant, a species of Veronica, called becabunga, with blue flowers in loose lateral spikes.

Encyc.

Brook-Mint

BROOK'-MINT, noun The water mint.

Brook-Weed

BROOK'-WEED, noun A plant, water pimpernel, the Samolus.

Muhlenberg.

Brooky

BROOK'Y, adjective Abounding with brooks.

Dyer.

Broom

BROOM, noun [Saxon brum; Dutch brem, braam; Irish brum. This is the simple root of bramble.]

1. A plant of several species, called dyer's weed, being used by dyers to give a yellow color, dyer's broom, green wood, or wood waxen, dwarf broom, all belonging to the genus Genista. Broom rape is Orobanche, and with large purple flowers, Lathroea.

Fam. of Plants.

Spanish Broom is a species of Spartium, and Butcher's broom is the Ruscus.

2. A besom, or brush with a long handle for sweeping floors; so called from being originally made of the broom-plant. In America, brooms are made of the tops of broom-corn, or of some species of wood splintered, chiefly ash. The latter species of broom is furnished by the natives of the country. The original broom, made of shrubs or twigs, is still used in stables.

Broom

BROOM. [See Bream.]

Broomcorn

BROOM'CORN, noun [broom and corn.] A species of Holcus or Guinea-corn, with a jointed stem, like a reed, or the stem of maize, rising to the highth of eight or ten feet, bearing a head of which brooms are made.

Brooming

BROOMING a ship. [See Bream.]

Broomland

BROOM'LAND, noun [broom and land.] Land producing broom.

Mortimer.

Broomrape

BROOM'RAPE, noun [See Broom.]

Broomstaff

BROOM'STAFF, or BROOM'STICK, noun [See Staff and Stick.] The staff or handle of a broom.

Shak. Swift.

Broomy

BROOM'Y, adjective Full of broom; containing broom.

Mortimer. Swift.

Broth

BROTH, noun brauth. [Saxon broth; Italian brodo; Irish broth; Spanish brodio; Irish bruithim, to boil. Qu. Dutch braaden, to roast; Welsh broth, a stirring or tumult.]

1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled and macerated, usually with rice and herbs, or some ingredient to give it a better relish.

2. In America, the word is often applied to foaming water, and especially to a mixture of snow and water in the highways which is called snow-broth.

Brothel

BROTH'EL, noun [A dialectical orthography of bordel, which see.]

A house of lewdness; a house appropriated to the purposes of prostitution; a bawdy house; a stew.

Brotheler

BROTH'ELER, noun One that frequents brothels.

Brothel-House

BROTH'EL-HOUSE, noun A brothel.

Brothelry

BROTH'ELRY, noun Lowdness; obscenity.

Hall. Jonson.

Brother

BROTHER, noun plu. brothers, or brethren.

[Gothic brothar; Saxon brother. or brether; Swedish and Danish broder; Dutch broeder, from broeden, to brood, to breed; German bruder; Sanscrit brader; Russian brat; Dalmatian brath; Latin frater; Greek,; Pers. boradar; Cornish bredar; Irish brathair; Welsh brawd; Samaritan abrat; French frÃƒ-¨re, from Latin frater; Spanish frayle, a friar; Italian fratello, brother, and frate, friar; Armoric breuzr. By the Dutch, it appears that this word signifies one of the brood or breed. The common plural is brothers; in the solemn style brethren is used.]

1. A human male born of the same father and mother. A male by one of the parents only is called a half-brother, or brother of the half blood.

Blackstone.

2. Any one closely united; an associate; as a band of brothers.

3. One that resembles another in manners.

He that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster.

Proverbs xviii.

In scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents; as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. Persons of the same profession call each other brother, as judges, clergymen, professors of religion, members of societies united in a common cause, monks and the like.

Kings give to each other the title of brother.

Clergymen address their congregations by the title of brethren. In a more general sense, brother or brethren is used for man in general; all men being children of the same primitive ancestors, and forming one race of beings.

Brother-german is a brother by the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, or by the mother only.

Encyc.

Brotherhood

BROTH'ERHOOD, noun [brother and hood.]

The state or quality of being a brother.

Locke.

2. An association of men for any purpose, as a society of monks; a fraternity.

Davies.

3. A class of men of the same kind, profession, or occupation.

Addison.

Brotherless

BROTH'ERLESS, adjective Without a brother.

Shak.

Brotherlike

BROTH'ERLIKE, adjective Becoming a brother.

Shak.

Brotherlove

BROTH'ERLOVE, noun Brotherly affection.

Shak.

Brotherly

BROTH'ERLY, adjective Pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming brothers; kind; affectionate; as brotherly love.

Bacon.

Shakspeare uses this word as an adverb. "I speak but brotherly." But the use is not authorized.

Brought

BROUGHT, preterit tense and participle passive of bring; pronounced braut. [See Bring.]

Brow

BROW, noun [Saxon broew, bruwa; Dutch braauw; German braue; Russian brov; Irish bra, brai, eyebrow and abhra, the eyelid; Sanscrit bruwan, bru; Greek,; Pers. or; and the last syllable of Latin palpebra. It is probably contracted from brg, and signifies an edge, border or projection.]

1. The prominent ridge over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. The skin of this arch or ridge is moved by muscles, which contract it in a frown and elevate it in joy or surprize. Hence, to knit the brows, is to frown.

Encyc.

2. The hair that covers the brow forming an arch, called the eye brow.

3. The forehead. Hence, the general air of the countenance.

Shak. Waller.

4. The edge of a steep place, as the brink of a river or precipice; as the brow of a hill.

Bacon.

5. A fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field.

Mason.

Brow

BROW, verb transitive To bound; to limit; to form the edge or border of.

Milton.

Brow-Antler

BROW'-ANTLER, noun [brow and antler.]

The first start that grows on a deer's head.

Bailey.

2. The branch of a deer's horn next the tail.

Encyc.

Brow-Beat

BROW'-BEAT, verb transitive [brow and beat.] To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; or in general to bear down by impudence.

Browbeaten

BROW'BEATEN, participle passive Overborne by impudence.

Browbeating

BROW'BEATING, participle of the present tense Overbearing with severe brows, stern looks, or positive assertions.

Browbeating

BROW'BEATING, noun A bearing down with stern looks, supercilious manners, or confident assertions.

Browbound

BROW'BOUND, adjective [brow and bound.] Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem.

Shak.

Browless

BROW'LESS, adjective Without shame.

Addison.

Brow-Post

BROW'-POST, noun [brow and post.] Among builders, a beam that goes across a building.

Encyc.

Brow-Sick

BROW'-SICK, adjective [brow and sick.] Dejected; hanging the head. [Not used.]

Suckling.

Brown

BROWN, adjective [Saxon brun; Dutch bruin; German braun; Danish bruun; French brun; Spanish and Italian bruno; from the verb, to burn.]

Dusky; of a dark or dusky color, inclining to redness; but the shades are various, as Spanish brown, London brown, clove brown, tawny brown. Brown results from a mixture of red, black and yellow.

Kirwan.

Brown

BROWN, verb transitive To make brown or dusky.

A trembling twilight o'er the welkin moves, Browns the dim void, and darkens deep the groves.

Barlow.

Brown-Bill

BROWN'-BILL, noun [brown and bill.] A weapon formerly used by the English foot soldiers. The origin of the name is not stated; but from it brown musket is said to have derived its appellation.

Johnson.

Brownish

BROWN'ISH, adjective Somewhat brown; inclined to brown.

Kirwan.

Brownism

BROWN'ISM, noun The doctrines or religious creed of the Brownists, who maintained that any body of professing Christians united under one pastor, or communing together, constitute a church independent of any other.

Encyc.

Brownist

BROWN'IST, noun A follower of Robert Brown, a puritan, or dissenter from the Church of England, who left England with his congregation and settled at Middleburgh in Zealand. He was the head of a party of Independents in Church government.

Encyc.

Brownness

BROWN'NESS, noun A brown color.

Sidney.

Brown-Spar

BROWN-SPAR, noun Pearl spar, or siderocalcite.

Ure.

Brown-Study

BROWN'-STUDY, noun [brown and study.]

Gloomy study; dull thoughtfulness; meditation directed to no certain object.

Norris.

Brown-Wort

BROWN'-WORT, noun [brown and wort.] A plant, prunella.

2. A species of Scrophularia, the vernalis, or yellow figwort, with brown stalks.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Browny

BROWN'Y, adjective Brown. [Not used.]

Shak.

Browse

BROWSE, verb transitive s as z. [Greek, to eat or browse, food, but probably these words may be from sprouts; Armoric brouz, brouez, or broust, sprouts, buds; French brout, brouter; Armoric brousta, or brouza, to browze. It is allied to brush; Welsh brwys, luxuriant growth; rhwys, vigor, luxuriance, wantonness.]

To eat the ends of branches of trees and shrubs or the young shoots, as cattle, or deer.

Spenser. Shak.

Browse

BROWSE, verb intransitive s as z. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs and trees, as cattle, sheep and goats.

Arbuthnot. Shak.

Browse

BROWSE, noun brows. The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals.

Browsing

BROWS'ING, participle of the present tense s as z. Feeding on branches, shrubs, or shoots of trees.

Brucia

BRU'CIA, or BRU'CINE, noun A new vegetable alkali, extracted from the bark of the false angustura.

Ure.

Brucite

BRU'CITE, noun A mineral, the chondrodite of Berzelius, which sometimes occurs in grains or imperfect crystals, sometimes in four-sided prisms with rhombic bases. It is so named from the late Dr. Bruce, a distinguished mineralogist of New York.

Cleaveland.

Bruise

BRUISE, verb transitive s as z. [Saxon brysan, to bruise; French briser, to break or bruise; froisser, to bruise; Armoric brousta.]

To crush by beating or pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed. When applied to animal flesh or to vegetables, a bruise is a contusion that impairs the natural solidity and texture of the part, but often without breaking the skin. When applied to minerals and similar substances, it signifies to break them, and often to reduce them to a coarse powder.

Bruise

BRUISE. noun A contusion; a hurt upon the flesh of animals, upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instrument.

Bruised

BRUISED, participle passive Crushed; hurt or broken by a blunt or heavy instrument.

Bruiser

BRUISER, noun A concave tool for grinding the specula of telescopes.

Chambers.

2. In vulgar language, a boxer.

Bruisewort

BRUISEWORT, noun [bruise and wort.] A plant; comfrey.

Johnson.

Bruising

BRUISING, participle of the present tense Crushing; breaking or wounding by a blunt or heavy instrument.

Bruising

BRUISING, noun In popular language, a beating or boxing.

Bruit

BRUIT, noun [French] Report; rumor; fame. Obs.

Shak.

Bruit

BRUIT, verb transitive To report; to noise abroad. Obs.

Raleigh.

Brumal

BRU'MAL, noun [Latin bruma, winter, brumalis; Span. bruma, winter, fog or mist.]

Belonging to the winter.

Brown.

Brume

BRUME, noun [French brume; Spanish bruma. See Brumal.]

Mist; fog; vapors. [Little used.]

Barlow.

Brun

BRUN, or BURN. A river or stream. Obs.

Brunet

BRUNET', or BRUNETTE, noun [French from brun, brown. See Brown.] A woman with a brown or dark complexion.

Brunion

BRUN'ION, noun [French brugnon.] A sort of fruit between a plum and a peach.

Trevoux.

Brunswick green. An ammoniaco-muriate of copper, used for paper hangings and in oil painting.

Ure.

Brunt

BRUNT, noun [Danish brynde, and brunst, ardor, ardency, burning heat. It is the Dutch brand, fire, flame, ardor, from the common root of burn, brennan, brand. This shows the radical sense of burn. See Burn.]

1. The heat, or utmost violence of an onset; the strength or violence of any contention; as the brunt of a battle.

2. The force of a blow; violence; shock of any kind.

Hudibras.

3. A sudden effort.

Bp. Hall.

Brush

BRUSH, noun [French brosse; Italian brusca; Spanish brusca, bruza; probably allied to browze, Welsh brwys, thick, branching, from rhwys, vigor, luxuriance, or prys, brushwood. A brush is primarily sprouts, shoots.]

1. An instrument for cleaning any thing of dust and dirt by light rubbing, as floors, furniture, boots, &c. Brushes originally were made of shrubs or small branches of trees tied together, and such are yet used for coarse purposes. But the materials most used are bristles set in wood. Painters use a small brush to lay colors on their large pieces. Silver smiths use a wirebrush for scrubbing silver, copper or brass, in order to gilding; and there is a method of staining leather by rubbing the color on the skin with a brush.

Encyc.

2. Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood; a sense common in the U. States.

3. The small trees and shrubs of a wood; or a thicket of small trees.

Encyc.

4. A skirmish; a slight encounter; also, an assault; a shock, or rude treatment, from collision; as we say a scouring, a rub.

5. In electricity, the luminous appearance of electric matter issuing in diverging rays from a point.

Encyc.

6. A tail; as the brush of a fox.

Brush

BRUSH, verb transitive To sweep or rub with a brush; as, to brush a hat.

2. To strike as with a brush; to strike lightly, by passing over the surface, without injury, or impression; as, to brush the arm in passing; to brush the briny flood.

Dryden.

3. To paint with a brush; hence, to brush up is often used for cleansing in general.

Pope.

4. With off, to remove by brushing, as to brush off dust; also, to carry away by an act like that of brushing, or by passing over lightly, as by wind.

Bentley.

5. To move as a brush; to pass over with a light contact.

Dryden.

Brush

BRUSH, verb intransitive To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by.

Prior.

2. To move or skim over, with a slight contact, or without much impression.

Dryden.

Brushed

BRUSH'ED, participle passive Rubbed with a brush; struck lightly.

Brusher

BRUSH'ER, noun One who brushes.

Brushing

BRUSH'ING, participle of the present tense Sweeping or rubbing with a brush; striking gently; moving nimbly in haste; skimming over lightly.

Brushing

BRUSH'ING, adjective Brisk; light; as a brushing gallop.

Encyc.

Brushlike

BRUSH'LIKE, adjective [brush and like.] Resembling a brush.

Asiat. Res.

Brushwood

BRUSH'WOOD, noun [brush and wood.]

Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs; also, branches of trees cut off.

Dryden.

Brushy

BRUSH'Y, adjective Resembling a brush; rough; shaggy; having long hair.

Boyle.

Brusk

BRUSK, adjective [French brusque.] Rude; rough.

Wotton.

Brustle

BRUS'TLE, verb intransitive brus'l. [Saxon brastlian, to crackle; German brausen; Danish bruser; Swedish brusa; from the root of rustle.]

To crackle; to make a small crackling noise; to rustle, as a silk garment; to vapor, as a bully.

Brustling

BRUS'TLING, participle of the present tense Crackling; rustling; vaporing.

Brut

BRUT, verb intransitive [French brouter.] To browse. [Not in use.]

Evelyn.

Brutal

BRU'TAL, adjective [See Brute.] Pertaining to a brute; as brutal nature.

2. Savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling like a brute; merciless; as brutal courage; brutal manners.

Brutality

BRUTAL'ITY, noun Inhumanity; savageness; churlishness; insensibility to pity or shame.

Locke.

Brutalize

BRU'TALIZE, verb transitive To make brutal, churlish or inhuman.

All cruel punishments brutalize the heart.

Z. Swift.

Brutalize

BRU'TALIZE, verb intransitive To become brutal, inhuman, or coarse and beastly.

Addison.

Brutally

BRU'TALLY, adverb Cruelly; inhumanly; in a coarse, churlish, or brutal manner.

Arbuthnot.

Brute

BRUTE, adjective [French brut, from Latin brutus, senseless, irrational; Italian and Spanish bruto. This word may be the Chaldee foreign, strange, as the ancients expressed wildness and savageness by verbs which signify to depart or be distant.]

1. Senseless; unconscious; as the brute earth.

Bentley.

2. Irrational; ferine; as a brute beast.

South.

3. Bestial; in common with beasts; as brute violence.

Milton.

4. Rough; uncivilized; insensible; as a brute philosopher.

Pope.

Brute

BRUTE, noun A beast; any animal destitute of reason, and of course the word comprehends all animals except man, but is applied mostly to the larger beasts.

2. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; a low bred, unfeeling man.

Brute

BRUTE, verb transitive for bruit, to report. [Not used.]

Brutely

BRU'TELY, adverb In a rude manner.

Milton.

Bruteness

BRU'TENESS, noun Brutality. Obs.

Spenser.

Brutify

BRU'TIFY, verb transitive To make a person a brute; to make senseless, stupid or unfeeling.

Congreve.

Brutish

BRU'TISH, adjective Like a brute or beast; as a brutish form.

Milton.

2. Insensible; stupid; as brutish men.

Grew.

3. Unfeeling; savage; ferocious; brutal.

4. Gross; carnal; bestial.

Shak. South.

5. Ignorant; uncivilized; untaught.

Hooker.

Brutishly

BRU'TISHLY, adverb In the manner of a brute; grossly; irrationally; stupidly; savagely.

South.

Brutishness

BRU'TISHNESS, noun Stupidity; insensibility; brutality; savageness; the qualities of a brute.

Spratt.

Bryony

BRY'ONY, noun [Latin bryonia; Greek.]

White jalap; a genus of plants of several species. The root of the rough or white bryony is a strong irritating cathartic.

Encyc. Coxe.

Black-bryony is a genus of plants, called Tamus.

Encyc.

Bub

BUB, noun A cant word for strong malt liquor.

Prior.

Bub

BUB, verb transitive To throw out in bubbles. [Not used.]

Sackville.

Bubble

BUB'BLE, noun [Dutch bobbel; Swedish bubla; from swelling, inflation.]

1. A small bladder or vesicle of water or other fluid inflated with air.

Newton.

2. Any thing that wants firmness or solidity; a vain project; that which is more specious than real. Hence, a false show; a cheat or fraud.

Bacon. Dryden.

3. A delusive scheme of speculation; an empty project to raise money on imaginary grounds; as the South Sea bubble.

Swift.

4. A person deceived by an empty project.

Prior.

Bubble

BUB'BLE, verb intransitive To rise in bubbles, as liquors when boiling or agitated.

Shak. Dryden.

2. To run with a gurgling noise; as a bubbling stream.

Pope.

Bubble

BUB'BLE, verb transitive To cheat; to deceive or impose on.

Addison.

Bubbler

BUB'BLER, noun One who cheats.

Digby.

Bubby

BUB'BY, noun [from the same root as bubble and bubo.] A woman's breast.

Arbuthnot.

Bubo

BU'BO, noun [Greek, Latin bubo, a swelling.]

A tumor or abscess with inflammation, which rises in certain glandular parts of the body, as in the groin, or armpit.

Encyc. Coxe.

Bubonocele

BU'BONOCELE, noun [Greek, the groin, and, a tumor.]

Hernia inguinalis, or inguinal rupture; a tumor in the groin, formed by a prolapsus of the intestines or omentum or both, through the processes of the peritoneum and rings of the abdominal muscles.

Encyc.

Bubukle

BU'BUKLE, noun A red pimple. [Not used.]

Shak.

Bubulca

BUBUL'CA, noun A flat fresh-water fish, of a circular form and a silvery color.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bucaneer

BUCANEE'R, or BUCANIE'R, noun [French boucaner, to broil fish or flesh, to hunt oxen for their skins.]

Primarily, a bucaneer is said to be one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French settlers in Haiti or Hispaniola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine. It was afterwards applied to the piratical adventurers, English and French, who combined to make depredations on the Spaniards in America.

Encyc.

Bucao

BUCA'O, noun A species of owl, in the Philippine isles, of a beautiful plumage, and size of a peacock, but remarkable for a hideous nocturnal scream.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Buccal

BUC'CAL, adjective [Latin bucca, the cheek; Welsh boc.]

Pertaining to the cheek. The buccal glands are the small glands of the mouth, under the cheek, which secrete saliva.

Hooper.

Buccellation

BUCCELLA'TION, noun [Latin buccella, buccea, a mouthful.]

The act of breaking into large pieces.

Buccinite

BUC'CINITE, noun Fossil remains or petrifactions of the shells called buccinum.

Jameson.

Bucentaur

BUCENT'AUR, noun The state barge of Venice.

Bucephalus

BUCEPH'ALUS, noun An animal of the gazelle tribe, of the size of a hind.

Buceros

BU'CEROS, noun The hornbill or Indian raven; a genus of birds, common in the East Indies.

Bucholzite

BUCH'OLZITE, noun A newly discovered mineral, whose colors are white and black, appearing in spots.

Cleaveland.

Buck

BUCK, noun [German bauche, beuche; Spanish bugada.]

Lye in which clothes are soaked in the operation of bleaching; the liquor in which clothes are washed.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed in lye.

Shak.

Buck

BUCK, verb transitive [German beuchen; Danish bÃƒ-¶ger; Swedish byka; Armoric bugad; Norm. buer. This verb is retained in the Latin imbuo, for imbuco or imbugo, to steep, tinge, imbue.]

To soak or steep in lye, a process in bleaching; to wash or steep in lye or suds.

Encyc. Shak.

Buck

BUCK, noun [Saxon buc, bucca; Dutch bok; German Swedish bock; Spanish boque; Welsh bwÃƒ-§; Italian becco. This Italian word signifies a bill or beak, the mouth, the helm of a ship, the pipe of a still and a buck. We see it is the same word as beak, from thrusting; Danish buk, whence bukker, to ram or thrust piles. Irish boc or poc; Cornish byk; French bouc; Armoric bouch; Kalmuc, bugn, a stag. Qu. Ethiopic bahak, the male of sheep or goats.]

The male of the fallow deer, of the goat, the sheep, the rabbit and hare. It is applied only to the smaller quadrupeds.

Buck

BUCK, verb intransitive To copulate as bucks and does.

Mortimer.

Buck-Basket

BUCK'-BASKET, noun [buck and basket.] A basket in which clothes are carried to the wash.

Shak.

Buckbean

BUCK'BEAN, noun This is properly bogbean, which see.

Bucked

BUCK'ED, participle passive Soaked in lye.

Ash.

Bucket

BUCK'ET, noun [Saxon buc; French baquet; Irish buicead; Swedish buc; Danish bak.]

1. The vessel in which water is drawn out of a well; it is nearly in the form of a pail.

2. A vessel or pail used at sea to draw water up at the side of a ship, for washing the decks, &c.

Mar. Dict.

3. A vessel made of leather, nearly in the form of a pail, but narrower and deeper, used to convey water by hand for extinguishing fires.

Bucking

BUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Soaking in lye, in the process of bleaching; washing.

Bucking

BUCK'ING, noun The act or process of soaking cloth in lye for bleaching; also, the lye or liquor; a washing.

Encyc. Ash.

Bucking-Stool

BUCK'ING-STOOL, noun A washing block.

Buckle

BUCK'LE, noun [French boucle, a buckle, a ring, a knocker; boucler, to curl, to ring, to buckle; Irish bucla; Armoric boucl. In Spanish bucle is hair curled. In Welsh baÃƒ-§u, baÃƒ-§ellu, and baglu signify, to bend, hook or grapple. Saxon bugan, to bow.]

1. An instrument made of some kind of metal, for fastening together certain parts of dress, as the straps of shoes, kneebands &c., or other straps and bands, as in a harness. The forms are various, but it consists of a ring or rim with a chape and tongue.

2. A curl, or a state of being curled or crisped, as hair.

Spectator.

3. In coats of arms, a token of the surety, faith and service of the bearer.

Encyc.

Buckle

BUCK'LE, verb transitive To fasten with a buckle, or buckles.

2. To prepare for action; a metaphor, taken from buckling on armor.

Spenser.

3. To join in battle.

Hayward.

4. To confine or limit.

A span buckles in his sum of age.

Shak.

Buckle

BUCKLE, verb intransitive To bend; to bow; as, to buckle under life.

Skak.

To buckle to, to bend to; to apply with vigor; to engage with zeal.

Locke.

To buckle in, to close in; to embrace or seize the body, as in a scuffle; a popular use in America.

To buckle with, to encounter with embrace; to join in close combat.

Dryden.

Buckler

BUCK'LER, noun [Welsh bwccled; French bouclier; Irish buicleir.]

A kind of shield, or piece of defensive armor, anciently used in war. It was composed of wood, or wickers woven together, covered with skin or leather, fortified with plates of brass or other metal, and worn on the left arm. On the middle was an umbo, boss or prominence, very useful in causing stones and darts to glance off. The buckler often was four feet long, and covered the whole body.

Encyc.

Buckler

BUCK'LER, verb transitive To support; to defend. [Not used.]

Shak.

Buckler-Thorn

BUCK'LER-THORN, noun Christ's thorn.

Johnson.

Buckmast

BUCK'MAST, noun [buck, that is, beach, and mast.]

The mast or fruit of the beach tree.

Johnson.

Buckram

BUCK'RAM, noun [French bougran; Italian bucherame; qu. from Italian bucare, to make holes.]

A coarse linen cloth, stiffened with glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover cloths, and other merchandize.

Encyc.

Buckram

BUCK'RAM, adjective Stiff; precise.

Fulke.

Buckrams

BUCK'RAMS, noun The same as wild garlic.

Johnson.

Buckshorn

BUCKS'HORN, noun [buck and horn.] A plant, a species of Plantago, or plantain, called coronopus.

The warted buckshorn is a species of Cochlearia, or scurvy grass.

Fam. of Plants.

Buckskin

BUCK'SKIN, noun The skin of a buck. As an adjective, made of leather prepared from the skin of a buck.

Ash.

Buckstall

BUCK'STALL, noun [buck and stall.] A toil or net to take deer.

Encyc.

Buckthorn

BUCK'THORN, noun [buck and thorn.] A genus of plants, called Rhamnus, of many species. The common purging buck-thorn grows to the height of 12 or 14 feet, and bears a black berry, which, when green, is used to dye yellow, and when ripe, green. The bark also dyes yellow. The sea buck-thorn is a genus of plants, called Hippophae.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Buckwheat

BUCK'WHEAT, noun [Dutch boek-weit; German buchweitzen.]

A plant and a species of grain; called also brank. It belongs to the genus polygonum, or knot-grass. It is cultivated as food for beasts, and the flour is much used in America for breakfast cakes.

Bucolic

BUCOL'IC, adjective [Greek, a herdsman; pastoral; Latin buculus, an ox; bucolicus, pertaining to cattle, pastoral; Welsh and Cornish bugail or bygel; Irish buachail, a shepherd. See Bovine.]

Pastoral; relating to country affairs and to a shepherd's life and occupation.

Johnson.

Bucolic

BUCOL'IC, noun A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners and occupation of shepherds; as the bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil.

Dryden. Encyc.

2. A writer of pastorals.

Warton.

Bud

BUD, noun [Dutch bot; French bouton; Italian bottone, a bud or button; Irish abaidh, a bud; Spanish boton; Armoric bouton, literally a push; Spanish botar, to push or thrust, to vow; Greek; to plant or beget, contracted from; Chaldee; Arabic nabata; allied to pout, French bouder. See class Bd, No. 34.]

A gem; the shoot of a plant; a small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower. It is called by botanists the hybernacle, the winter lodge or receptacle of the leaves or flowers of plants, and is an epitome of a flower, or of a shoot, which is to be unfolded the succeeding summer. It is covered with scales, which are intended to defend the inclosed rudiments from cold and other external injuries.

Buds are of three kinds; that containing the flower; that containing the leaves; and that containing both flower and leaves.

Milne. Martyn.

Bud

BUD, verb intransitive To put forth or produce buds or gems. Job 14:9.

2. To put forth shoots; to grow as a bud into a flower or shoot.

Dryden.

3. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.

Dryden.

4. To be in bloom, or growing like a young plant.

Shak.

Bud

BUD, verb transitive To inoculate a plant; to insert the bud of a plant under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising, upon any stock, a species of fruit different from that of the stock.

Budded

BUD'DED, participle passive Put forth in buds; inoculated.

Buddhism

BUD'DHISM, noun The doctrines of the Buddhists in Asia.

Budding

BUD'DING, participle of the present tense Putting forth buds; inoculating.

Buddle

BUD'DLE, noun In mining, a large square frame of boards, used in washing tin ore.

Ash. Encyc.

Buddle

BUD'DLE, verb intransitive Among miners, to wash ore.

Bailey. Ash.

Budge

BUDGE, verb transitive [French and Norm. bouger, to stir or wag.]

To move off; to stir; to wag. In America, wag is much used as equivalent to budge; but the use of both words is vulgar.

Shak.

Budge

BUDGE, noun The dressed skin or fur of lambs.

Bailey.

Budge

BUDGE, adjective Brisk; jocund.

Bailey.

2. Surly; stiff; formal. Obs.

Johnson.

Budge-Bachelors

BUDGE-BACHELORS, a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with lamb's fur, who accompany the Lord Mayor of London at his inauguration.

Bailey. Ash.

Budge-Barrel

BUDGE-BARREL, noun A small barrel with only one head; on the other end, a piece of leather is nailed, which is drawn together upon strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder, with a gun or mortar.

Encyc.

Budgeness

BUDGENESS, noun Sternness; severity. [Not used.]

Budger

BUDG'ER, noun One who moves or stirs from his place.

Shak.

Budget

BUDG'ET, noun [French bougette; Armoric bougeden; Norm. bouge; perhaps from the root of bag.]

1. A bag; a little sack, with its contents. Hence, a stock or store; as a budget of inventions.

L'Estrange.

2. The papers respecting the finances of the British nation.

To open the budget, to lay before a legislative body the papers of the Executive Government.

Price.

Budgy

BUDG'Y, adjective Consisting of fur. [Not used.]

Budlet

BUD'LET, noun [from bud.] A little bud springing from a parent bud.

We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring.

Darwin.

Buff

BUFF, noun [contracted from buffalo, or buffskin.]

1. Buffskin; a sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like shammy. It is used for making bandoliers, belts, pouches, gloves and other articles. The skins of oxen, elks and other animals, dressed in like manner, are also called buffs.

Encyc.

2. A military coat made of buff-skin or similar leather.

Shak.

3. The color of buff; a light yellow.

4. A yellow viscid substance formed on the surface of blood drawn in inflammatory diseases.

Parr.

Buff

BUFF, verb transitive To strike. [See Buffet.]

Buffalo

BUFF'ALO, noun [Italian and Spanish bufalo; French buffle; Latin bubalus.]

The Bubalus, a species of the bovine genus, originally from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the Eastern Continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers. The name is also applied to wild oxen in general, and particularly to the Bison of North America. [See Bison.]

Cyc. Cuvier.

Buffel

BUFF'EL, noun Buffel's head duck, anas bucephala, a bird with a short blue bill, and a head whose apparent size is greatly increased by the fulness of its feathers, found in winter in the rivers of Carolina.

Catesby. Pennant.

Buffet

BUFF'ET, noun [French buffet; Italian buffetto; Spanish bufete.]

A cupboard, or set of shelves, for plates, glass, china and other like furniture. It was formerly and is still in some parts of the country, an apartment erected on one side of a room; but in more fashionable houses, it has been laid aside, and a side board substituted, which is now considered as the buffet. But as far as my knowledge extends, the name has become, in a great measure, obsolete, except among the common people, by whom it is pronounced bofat.

Buffet

BUFF'ET, noun [Italian buffetto; Spanish Portugese bufar, to blow, to puff; Norm. buffe, a blow; Welsh pafiaw, to thump. See Buffoon and Puff.]

A blow with the fist; a box on the ear or face; a slap.

Milton.

Buffet

BUFF'ET, verb transitive To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat.

They spit in his face and buffetted him. Matthew 26.

2. To beat in contention; to contend against; as, to buffet the billows.

Otway.

Buffet

BUFF'ET, verb intransitive To exercise or play at boxing.

Shak.

Buffeted

BUFF'ETED, participle passive Struck; beaten. 1 Corinthians 4:11. 1 Peter 2:20.

Buffeter

BUFF'ETER, noun One who buffets; a boxer.

Johnson.

Buffeting

BUFF'ETING, participle of the present tense Striking with the hand; boxing; contending against.

Buffeting

BUFF'ETING, noun A striking with the hand.

2. Contention; attack; opposition.

He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but formed for duration, and fitted to endure the buffetings of the rudest storm.

Wirt.

Buffin

BUFF'IN, noun A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns.

Massinger.

Buffle

BUFF'LE, noun [French] The buffalo.

Buffle

BUFF'LE, verb intransitive To puzzle; to be at a loss.

Swift.

This is probably the same word as baffle

Buffle-Head

BUFF'LE-HEAD, noun [buffle and head.] One who has a large head.

Buffle-Headed

BUFF'LE-HEADED, adjective Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; foolish.

Buffon

BUFF'ON, noun The Numidian crane, an African fowl.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Buffoon

BUFFOON', noun [French bouffon; Italian buffo; Spanish bufon, a buffoon, comical; Italian beffare and buffare, to trifle, joke, play the fool; Spanish befar, to mock or ridicule; bufar, to blow, or puff with anger, to snort; Portugese id. These verbs indicate the origin of buffoonery. The root of buffet, puff, signifies to drive, to push, to strike. See Puff.]

1. A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures and postures, jokes and other vulgar pleasantries. A droll; a mimic.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. He that uses indecent raillery.

Garth.

Buffoon

BUFFOON', verb transitive To make ridiculous.

Glanville.

Buffoonery

BUFFOON'ERY, noun The arts and practices of a buffoon; low jests; ridiculous pranks; vulgar tricks and postures.

Johnson.

Dryden has placed the accent improperly on the first syllable.

Buffooning

BUFFOON'ING, noun Buffoonery.

Dryden. Guthrie's Quint.

Buffoonish

BUFFOON'ISH, adjective Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures.

Buffoonism

BUFFOON'ISM, noun The practices of a buffoon.

Buffoon-Like

BUFFOON'-LIKE, adjective Resembling a buffoon.

Sherwood.

Buffoonly

BUFFOON'LY, adjective Consisting of low vulgar tricks. [Little used.]

Bufonite

BU'FONITE, noun [Latin bufo, a toad.] Toad-stone, or fossil-teeth of the anarrhicas or sea-wolf, formerly much esteemed for its imaginary virtues and worn in rings. It was named from an opinion that it was found in the head of a toad.

Encyc.

Bug

BUG, noun [Qu. Welsh baÃƒ-§, byÃƒ-§an, small.] In common language, the name of a vast multitude of insects, which infest houses and plants. In zoology, this word is applied to the insects arranged under the genus Cimex, of which several hundred species are described. Bugs belong to the order of hemipters. They are furnished with a rostrum or beak, with antennae longer than the thorax, and the wings are folded together crosswise. The back is flat, the throat margined, and the feet are formed for running. Some species have no wings. The house-bug, or bed-bug, is a troublesome and disgusting insect.

Encyc.

Bug

BUG, or BUG'BEAR, noun [Welsh bwg, a hobgoblin or scarecrow; bugadu, to terrify; Russian buka, a sprite or goblin. In Pers. is fear.]

A frightful object; a walking specter; any thing imaginary that is considered as frightful.

Locke. Pope.

Bugbear

BUG'BEAR, verb transitive To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms.

Archb'p. King.

Bugee

BUGEE', noun A species of monkey found in India, of a beaver color.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bugelugey

BU'GELUGEY, noun A large species of lizard, four feet long.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bugger

BUG'GER, noun [French bougre; Spanish bujarron; Dutch boggeren, verb.]

One guilty of the crime against nature. A vile wretch; a term of reproach.

Buggery

BUG'GERY, noun The unnatural and detestable crime of carnal intercourse of man or woman with a beast; or of human beings unnaturally with each other. Sodomy.

Encyc.

Bugginess

BUG'GINESS, noun [from buggy.] The state of being infected with bugs.

Buggy

BUG'GY, adjective [from bug.] Abounding with bugs.

Johnson.

Bugle

BU'GLE, or BU'GLE-HORN, noun [Welsh bugail, a shepherd. See Bucolic. The shepherd's horn, or from the same root as the French beugler, to bellow, from its sound.] A hunting horn.

Spenser. Shak.

2. A military instrument of music.

Bugle

BU'GLE, noun A shining bead of black glass.

Shak.

Bugle

BU'GLE, noun [Latin bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants, Ajuga, of several species.

Encyc.

Bugle

BU'GLE, noun [Latin buculus, an ox.] A sort of wild ox.

Philips.

Bugle-Weed

BU'GLE-WEED, noun A plant, the lycopus virginicus, valued as a remedy for haemoptysis, or spitting of blood.

Bugloss

BU'GLOSS, noun [Latin buglossus; Greek, of, an ox, and, tongue.]

A genus of plants, called alkanet; in botany, anchusa.

The small wild bugloss, is the Asperugo.

The viper's bugloss, is the Echium.

Bugwort

BUG'WORT, noun A plant, the Cimicifuga.

Muhlenberg.

Buhrstone

BUHR'STONE, noun A subspecies of silex or quartz, occurring in amorphous masses, partly compact, but containing many irregular cavities. It is used for mill-stones.

Cleaveland.

This word is often written burr-stone.

Build

BUILD, or BILD, v. t. bild; pret. built; pp. built, pronounced bilt. The regular pret. and pp. builded, is sometimes used. [Saxon byldan, to confirm; byld, bylde, byldo, constancy, firmness; bilith, a model, an image; Swedish bilda; Dutch afbeelden, verbeelden; German bilden, abbilden; Danish bilder, afbilder, to shape, form, design, delineate, represent, counterfeit; Swedish and German bild; Dutch beeld, image, statue, figure, representation. The primary sense is to set, fix or make, and the true orthography is bild.]

1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice or fabric of almost any kind, as a house, barn, shop, ship or vessel, a wall, or other structure of art; to unite materials into a regular structure for use or convenience.

2. To raise by art; to frame or shape into a particular form; as, to build up a head dress in a cone.

Spectator.

3. To raise any thing on a support or foundation; as, to build our hopes on air.

4. In scripture, to increase and strengthen; to cement and knit together; to settle or establish and preserve. Acts 20:32. Ephesians 2:22. 1 Samuel 2:35.

Build

BUILD, v. i. bild. To exercise the art, or practice the business of building.

To build, to plant, whatever you intend.

Pope.

2. To construct, rest or depend on as a foundation; as, to build on the opinions of others.

Addison.

Builder

BUILD'ER, n. bild'er. One who builds; one whose occupation is to build; an architect, a ship-wright, a mason, &c.

2. A creator.

Whose builder and maker is God. Hebrews 11.

Building

BUILD'ING, ppr. bild'ing. Framing and erecting; resting on.

Building

BUILD'ING, n. bild'ing. A fabric or edifice constructed for use or convenience, as a house, a church, a shop, &c.

Built

BUILT, pp. bilt. Framed and raised; constructed.

Built

BUILT, n. bilt. Form; shape; general figure of a structure; as the built of a ship.

Dryden. Mar. Dict.

2. Species of building.

Temple.

Bul

BUL, noun The common flounder.

Chambers.

Bulb

BULB, noun [Greek; Latin bulbus, a bulb or round root; French bulbe; Italian bulbo; Spanish

bulbo, an onion, or bulbous root; Welsh bal, bol, protuberance.]

A round body, applied to many objects. But in botany, it is appropriately a bud formed under ground, upon or near the roots of certain herbaceous plants, which are hence called bulbous plants, as the tulip, onion and lily. The bulb under ground is what the bud is upon the stem or branches, a hybernacle or winter receptacle of a future plant, containing the plant in embryo, covered with a bark or rind, generally consisting of scales placed over each other, to defend the tender rudiments of the plant from cold and other external injuries. A bulb is scaly in the lily, solid in the tulip, coated in the onion, and jointed in the tuberous moschatel.

Milne. Martyn.

Bulb

BULB, v. i. To bulb out is to project or be protuberant. [Little used.]

Evelyn.

Bulbaceous

BULBA'CEOUS, adjective Bulbous. [I believe, not used.]

Johnson.

Bulbed

BULB'ED, adjective Round headed.

Bulbiferous

BULBIF'EROUS, adjective Producing bulbs; as bulbiferous stems.

Eaton.

Bulbous

BULB'OUS, adjective Containing bulbs or a bulb; growing from bulbs; round or roundish.

Martyn. Milne.

2. Containing a knob, or protuberant part; swelling out; presenting rounded elevations.

Kirwan.

Bulchin

BULCHIN, noun A young male calf.

Dekker. Marston.

Bulge

BULGE, noun A different orthography of bilge. [Welsh bwlg, bulk; balc, prominent; Saxon bulgian, to bellow, from swelling out.]

The bilge or protuberant part of a cask; protuberance.

Bulge

BULGE, verb intransitive To swell out; to be protuberant.

Moxon.

2. To bilge as a ship. [See Bilge.]

Dryden.

Bulging

BULG'ING, participle of the present tense or adjective Swelling out; bilging.

As an adjective, protuberant.

Bulimy

BU'LIMY, noun [Greek, great, and, hunger.]

A voracious appetite; a disease in which the patient has a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food, and often faints, if not indulged. It is attended with various symptoms; sometimes with heart burn; sometimes with vomiting or convulsions.

Encyc. Coxe.

Bulk

BULK, noun [Welsh bwlg, bulk; balciaw, to swell, to be proud; Irish balc, great, strong; Russian bulikayu, to boil, to bubble; Dutch bulken, to low or bellow; Danish bulk, a bunch on the back; Saxon bulgian, to low.]

1. Magnitude of material substance; whole dimensions; size of a thing; as an ox or a ship of great bulk.

2. The gross; the majority; the main mass or body; as the bulk of a debt; the bulk of a nation.

Swift. Addison.

3. Main fabric.

Shak.

4. The whole content of a ship's hold for the stowage of goods.

Encyc.

5. A part of a building jutting out.

Shak.

To break bulk, in seamen's language, is to begin to unload.

Mar. Dict.

Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold, or not inclosed in boxes, bales or casks.

Bulk-Head

BULK'-HEAD, noun [bulk and head.] A partition in a ship made with boards, to form separate apartments.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Bulkiness

BULK'INESS, noun Greatness in bulk, size or stature.

Locke.

Bulky

BULK'Y, adjective Large; of great dimensions; of great size.

Dryden.

Bull

BULL, noun [German bull; Welsh bwla; Russian vol. Qu. from his sex, or from bellowing; Swedish bola, or b?la; Danish boler.]

1. The male of the Bos, or bovine genus of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female.

2. In a scriptural sense, an enemy, powerful, fierce and violent.

Many bulls have compassed me. Psalms.

3. Taurus, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

Bull

BULL, noun [Italian bolla, a bubble, a blister, a seal or stamp, the Pope's bull; French bulle; Latin bulla, a boss, and an ornament worn on a child's neck. This name was given to the seal which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the Pope, and in process of time, applied to the edict itself.

Spelman.]

1. A letter, edict or rescript of the Pope, published or transmitted to the churches over which he is head, containing some decree, order or decision. It is used chiefly in matters of justice or of grace. If the former, the lead or seal is hung by a hempen cord; if the latter, by a silken thread. The lead or bull is impressed on one side with the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul; on the other with the name of the Pope and the year of his pontificate. The writing is in the old, round Gothic letter; and the instrument has about it a cross with some text of scripture, or religious motto.

Lunier. Encyc.

The Golden Bull, so called from its golden seal, is an edict or imperial constitution, made by the Emperor Charles V., containing the fundamental law of the German Empire.

Leaden Bulls were sent by the Emperors of Constantinople to patriarchs and princes; and by the grandees of the Empire, of France, Sicily, &c., and by patriarchs and bishops.

Waxen bulls were in frequent use with the Greek Emperors, who thus sealed letters to their relations.

Encyc.

2. A blunder or contradiction.

Pope.

Bull

BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large head.

Bull-Baiting

BULL'-BAITING, noun [bull and bait.] The practice of baiting or exciting bulls with dogs.

Addison.

Bull-Beef

BULL'-BEEF, noun [bull and beef.] The flesh of a bull; coarse beef.

Shak.

Bull-Beggar

BULL'-BEGGAR, noun [bull and beggar.] Something terrible, or frightful.

Ayliffe.

Bull-Calf

BULL'-C'ALF, noun [bull and calf.] A male-calf; a stupid fellow.

Shak.

Bull-Dog

BULL'-DOG, noun [bull and dog.] A species of dog of a particular form and of remarkable courage; so named probably from being employed in baiting bulls, or from the size of the head.

Bulls-Eye

BULL'S-EYE, noun [bull and eye.] Among seamen, a piece of wood in the form of a ring, answering the purpose of a thimble.

Mar. Dict.

2. Aldebaran, a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Taurus.

Ash.

3. A small obscure cloud, ruddy in the middle, portending a great storm.

Encyc.

Bull-Faced

BULL'-FACED, adjective Having a large face.

Dryden.

Bull-Feast

BULL'-FEAST, noun [See Bull-fight.]

Bull-Fight

BULL'-FIGHT, noun [bull and fight.] A combat with a bull; an amusement among the Spaniards and Portuguese. A horseman, called a toreador or picador attacks a bull in a circus or inclosed arena, in presence of multitudes of spectators, irritating him with a spear, till the bull rushes upon the horseman, and perhaps dismounts the rider. After the bull has been tormented a long time, the horseman leaves him, and some persons on foot attack him and plunge darts into his neck; and at a signal given by the president, the barbarous sport is ended by the dagger of a matador.

Encyc.

Bull-Finch

BULL'-FINCH, noun [bull and finch.] A bird of the Sparrow kind, whose breast, cheeks and throat are of a crimson color; the rubicilla.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bull-Fly

BULL'-FLY, or BULL'-BEE, noun An insect.

Philips.

Bull-Frog

BULL'-FROG, noun [bull and frog.] The rana ocellata, a large species of frog, found in North America, of a dusky brown color, mixed with a yellowish green, and spotted with black. These frogs live in stagnant water, and utter a loud croaking sound, from which they probably received their name.

Bull-Head

BULL'-HEAD, noun [bull and head.] A genus of fishes, the Cottus, with a head broader than the body, whence the name. This fish is called by some the Miller's thumb.

Encyc.

2. A stupid fellow; a lubber.

Johnson.

3. A small black water vermin.

Philips.

Bull-Trout

BULL'-TROUT, noun [bull and trout.] A large species of trout, called also sea-trout, thicker than the common sort, and weighing about three pounds. Its back has a bluish green gloss, and there are several black spots on the sides.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bull-Weed

BULL'-WEED, noun Knap weed.

Johnson.

Bull-Wort

BULL'-WORT, noun Bishopsweed.

Johnson.

Bullace

BULL'ACE, noun The bully-tree, or Chrysophyllum, a plant of two species, natives of the West Indies.

Fam. of Plants. Encyc.

2. The wild plum, a species of Prunus.

Fam. of Plants. Encyc.

Bullantic

BULLAN'TIC, adjective [from bull.] Designating certain ornamental capital letters, used in Apostolic bulls. It is used also as a noun.

Fry.

Bullary

BULL'ARY, noun A collection of Papistical bulls.

South.

Bullate

BUL'LATE, adjective [Latin bullatus.] Having elevations, like blisters; as a bullate leaf.

Martyn.

Bullet

BULL'ET, noun [French boulet, dim. of boule, a ball. See Ball.]

A ball of iron or lead, called also shot, used to load guns for killing man or beast. Balls for cannon are made of iron; musket-balls are made of lead.

Bulletin

BULL'ETIN, noun [French bulletin, a ballot, a packet, a certificate; Spanish boletin, a ticket or warrant; boleta, a ticket, a billet; Portugese boleta; Italian bulletta, bullettino; properly, a roll.]

A French word denoting

1. An official report from an officer to his commander or superior.

2. An official report of a physician respecting the king's health.

3. A little note given by a banking company.

4. It is sometimes used for a notice, or public announcement; as a bibliographical bulletin.

Bullion

BULL'ION, noun [French billon, base coin.] Uncoined gold or silver in the mass. The precious metals are called bullion, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or when refined, but in bars, ingots, or in any form uncoined, as in plate.

Encyc.

Bullish

BULL'ISH, adjective Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder.

Milton.

Bullist

BULL'IST, noun A writer of papal bulls.

Harmar.

Bullite

BUL'LITE, noun A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of shells, of the genus Bulla.

Jameson.

Bullition

BULLI'TION, noun [Latin bullio, to boil. See Boil.]

The act or state of boiling. Superseded by ebullition.

Bacon.

Bullock

BULL'OCK, noun [Saxon bulluca; German bullochs.] An ox, or castrated bull. In America, it is applied to a full grown ox.

Bully

BULL'Y, noun [Swedish b?la, to bellow; buller, a tumult; Danish bullen, swelled, puffed up; or more directly from Saxon bulgian, to bellow.]

A noisy, blustering, overbearing fellow, more distinguished for insolence and empty menaces, than for courage, and disposed to provoke quarrels.

Addison.

Bully

BULL'Y, verb transitive To insult and overbear with noise and blustering menaces.

King.

Bully

BULL'Y, verb intransitive To be noisy and quarrelsome.

Johnson.

Bulrush

BUL'RUSH, noun [bole, or boll, and rush.] A large kind of rush, growing in wet land or water, and without knots, says Johnson, but Dryden calls it, the knotty bulrush. It is not a technical word.

Bultel

BUL'TEL, noun [See Bolt.] A bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran. [Not used.]

Bulwark

BUL'WARK, noun [Swedish bolv?rck; Dutch bolwerk; German bollwerk; Danish bolvoerk; from Dutch bol, plump and a ball, Swedish bula, Welsh bal, a protuberance, and work; a projecting or outwork. French boulevard; Spanish and Portugese baluarte; Italian baluardo.]

1. In fortification, a bastion, or a rampart; a mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting cannon shot, and formed with bastions, curtains, &c.

Encyc.

2. A fortification; also, any means of defense; as, a navy is the bulwark of a nation.

3. That which secures against an enemy or external annoyance; a screen or shelter; means of protection and safety.

Salvation will God appoint for walls and bulwarks. Isaiah 26.

Bulwark

BUL'WARK, verb transitive To fortify with a rampart; to secure by a fortification; to protect.

Addison. Barlow.

Bum

BUM, noun The buttocks; the part on which we sit.

Johnson.

Bum

BUM, verb intransitive To make a noise.

Marston.

Bumbailiff

BUMBA'ILIFF, noun [A corruption of bound bailiff.]

In England, an under-bailiff; a subordinate civil officer, appointed to serve writs, and to make arrests and executions, and bound with sureties for a faithful discharge of his trust. [A vulgar word.]

Blackstone.

Bumbard

BUM'BARD, noun [See Bombard.]

Bumbast

BUM'BAST, noun [A different orthography of bombast, which see.]

1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon another; patchwork.

Grew.

2. Linen stuffed with cotton; stuffing; wadding.

Shak.

Bumble Bee

BUM'BLE BEE, noun [Latin bombus, a buzzing.] A large bee, sometimes called humble bee; so named from its sound.

Bumboat

BUM'BOAT, noun A small boat, for carrying provisions to a ship at a distance from shore.

Mar. Dict.

Bumkin

BUM'KIN, noun [See Bumpkin.] A short boom projecting from each bow of a ship, to extend the clue of the foresail to windward.

2. A small out-rigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizen.

Mar. Dict.

Bump

BUMP, noun [Welsh pwmp, a round mass; pwmpiaw, to thump; allied to Latin bombus, and pomp, from swelling, thrusting out.]

1. A swelling or protuberance.

Dryden.

2. A thump; a heavy blow.

Bump

BUMP, verb intransitive To make a loud, heavy or hollow noise, as the bittern. It is also written boom. [Welsh bwmp.]

Dryden.

Bump

BUMP, verb transitive To strike as with or against any thing large or solid, as to bump the head against a wall; to thump.

Bumper

BUMP'ER, noun A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over.

Dryden.

Bumpkin

BUMP'KIN, noun [bump, large, swelling, and kin, Saxon cyn, kind, genus.]

An awkward heavy rustic; a clown, or country lout.

Locke.

Bumpkinly

BUMP'KINLY, adjective Clownish. [Not used.]

Richardson.

Bunch

BUNCH, noun [Welsh pwng; Danish bunke, bynke, a heap or heaped measure.]

1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; as the bunch on a camel's back.

Isaiah.

2. A cluster; a number of the same kind growing together; as a bunch of grapes.

Dryden.

3. A number of things tied together; as a bunch of keys; a bunch of rods.

Locke.

4. A collection of things; a knot; as a bunch of hair; a bunch of trees.

Spenser.

Bunch

BUNCH, verb intransitive To swell out in a protuberance; to be protuberant or round.

Woodward.

Bunch

BUNCH, verb transitive To form or tie in a bunch or bunches.

Bunch-Backed

BUNCH'-BACKED, adjective [bunch and back.] Having a bunch on the back; crooked.

Shak.

Bunchiness

BUNCH'INESS, noun The quality of being bunchy, or growing in bunches.

Johnson.

Bunchy

BUNCH'Y, adjective Growing in bunches; like a bunch; having tufts.

Grew.

Bundle

BUN'DLE, noun [Saxon byndel; Dutch bondel; German bund, bundel; Swedish bindel and bunt. This word is formed from the root of bind, band, bond.]

1. A number of things put together.

2. A roll; any thing bound or rolled into a convenient form for conveyance; as a bundle of lace; a bundle of hay.

Spectator.

Bundle

BUN'DLE, verb transitive To tie or bind in a bundle or roll; often followed by up; as, to bundle up clothes.

Locke. Swift.

Bung

BUNG, noun [French bondon; German spund; Dutch sponds; Welsh bwng, a bung hole.]

1. The stopple of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.

Mortimer.

2. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a cask.

Bung

BUNG, verb transitive To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with a bung; to close up.

Bung-Hole

BUNG'-HOLE, noun [bung and hole.] The The hole or orifice in the bilge of a cask.

Bungle

BUNG'LE, v. i. bung'gl. To perform in a clumsy, awkward manner; as, to bungle in making shoes.

Dryden.

Bungle

BUNG'LE, verb transitive To make or mend clumsily; to botch; to manage awkwardly; with up.

Dryden.

Bungle

BUNG'LE, noun A botch; inaccuracy; gross blunder; clumsy performance.

Ray.

Bungler

BUNG'LER, noun A clumsy awkward workman; one who performs without skill.

Peacham.

Bungling

BUNG'LING, participle of the present tense Performing awkwardly.

Bungling

BUNG'LING, adjective Clumsy; awkwardly done.

Dryden.

Bunglingly

BUNG'LINGLY, adverb Clumsily; awkwardly.

Bentley.

Bunk

BUNK, noun [Danish bynke, a meal tub; Swedish miolk-bunck, a milk pan.]

A case or cabin of boards for a bed; a word used in some parts of America.

Bunn

BUNN or BUN, noun [Scot. bun, bunn; Irish bunna; Greek, a hill, and a cake offered to deities. It signifies a mass or collection.]

A small cake, or a kind of sweet bread.

Gay.

Bunsing

BUN'SING, noun An animal found at the Cape of Good Hope, resembling the ferret, but twice as large. When pursued, it emits an intolerable stench.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bunt

BUNT, noun The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail.

Mar. Dict.

Bunt

BUNT, verb intransitive To swell out; as, the sail bunts.

2. In popular language, to push with the horns; to butt. [See Point.]

Bunter

BUNT'ER, noun A cant word for a woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low vulgar woman.

Johnson.

Bunting

BUNT'ING, noun A bird of the genus Emberiza. The name is applied to different species, as the English bunting and the rice bunting.

Bunting

BUNT'ING or BUN'TINE, noun [German bunt, Dutch bont, streaked, or of different colors.]

A thin woolen stuff, of which the colors or flags and signals of ships are made.

Mar. Dict.

Buntlines

BUNT'LINES, noun Ropes fastened to cringles on the bottoms of square sails, to draw them up to their yards.

Mar. Dict.

Buoy

BUOY, noun [French bouÃƒ-©e, a buoy; Dutch boei, a buoy, a lodge or hut, a fetter, or shackle, a handcuff; boeijen, to fetter, to buoy; German boy; Danish boy; Russian bui; Spanish boya, a buoy; probably from the root of Saxon byan, to dwell, that is, to set, be fixed, or stationary; Danish boe, boende.]

A close empty cask, or a block of wood or cork, fastened by a rope to an anchor, and floating on the water, to show where the anchor is situated. Buoys are of various kinds, as can-buoys, in the form of a cone; nun-buoys, which are large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end; cable-buoys, empty casks, employed to buoy up the cable, in rocky anchorage. Buoys are used also as marks, to point out the situation of rocks, shoals, or a channel.

To stream the buoy, is to let it fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor.

Mar. Dict.

Buoyrope

BUOY'ROPE, noun [buoy and rope.] The rope which fastens a buoy to an anchor.

Buoy

BUOY, verb transitive To keep afloat in a fluid; to bear up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; with up.

Woodward.

2. To support, or sustain; to keep from sinking into ruin or despondency.

King Charles.

3. To fix buoys, as a direction to mariners.

Buoy

BUOY, verb intransitive To float; to rise by specific lightness.

Pope.

Buoyancy

BUOY'ANCY, noun The quality of floating on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere; specific lightness.

Buoyant

BUOY'ANT, adjective Floating; light; that will not sink; having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid.

Thomson.

2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Buprestes

BUPRES'TES, noun A species of cantharides, of a nauseous scent, and biting severely.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Bur

BUR, or BOUR, or BOR, Saxon bur, signifies a chamber or a cottage.

Bur

BUR, noun [Saxon burre, burdock; Welsh bar, a bushy head or bunch; Irish borr, a bunch or knob; French bourrÃƒ-©e, bush.]

1. A rough prickly covering of the seeds of certain plants, as of the chesnut, and burdock.

2. A broad ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear, used in tilting.

Encyc.

Burbot

BUR'BOT, noun [from Latin barbatus, so named from its beard.]

A fish of the genus Gadus, shaped like an eel, but shorter, with a flat head, and on the nose it has two small beards, and another on the chin. It is disgusting in appearance, but delicate food. It is called also eel-pout.

Encyc.

Burdelais

BURD'ELAIS, noun A sort of grape.

Johnson.

Burden

BURD'EN, n. burd'n; written also burthen. [Saxon byrden, byrthen; Swedish b?rda; Danish byrde; German bÃƒ-¼rde; Irish beart or beirt; Greek; French fardeau; Armoric fard; from bear; Latin fero, or porto; Pers. burdan, to carry. See Bear.]

1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Hence,

2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome or oppressive.

Milton.

3. A birth.

Shak.

4. [French bourdon, a drone.] The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each verse; the chorus; so called from the application of this word to the drone or base, and the pipe or string which plays it, in an instrument. A chord which is to be divided, to perform the intervals of music, when open and undivided, is also called the burden.

Encyc.

5. In common language, that which is often repeated; a subject on which one dwells.

6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.

7. The contents of a ship; the quantity or number of tuns, a vessel will carry; as a ship of a hundred tuns burden.

8. A club. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Burden

BURD'EN, v. t. burd'n. To load; to lay on a heavy load; to incumber with weight. Hence,

2. To oppress with any thing grievous; as, to burden a nation with taxes.

3. To surcharge; as, to burden the memory.

Burdened

BURD'ENED, participle passive Loaded with weight; incumbered; oppressed.

Burdener

BURD'ENER, noun One who loads; an oppressor.

Burdenous

BURD'ENOUS, adjective Grievous; heavy to be borne; oppressive.

Sidney.

2. Cumbersome; useless.

Milton.

Burdensome

BURD'ENSOME, adjective Heavy; grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive.

Dryden.

Burdensomeness

BURD'ENSOMENESS, noun The quality of being burdensome; heaviness; oppressiveness.

Burdock

BUR'DOCK, noun [bur and dock.] A genus of plants, called Arctium. They are troublesome weeds.

The lesser burdock is a species of xanthium.

Bureau

BU'REAU, n. bÃƒ-ºro. [French bureau, an office, a table, a court, a chest of drawers; Spanish bureo, a court of justice; Armoric burell; French bure, a cloth. The primary sense is a cloth covering a table, like exchequer.

Lunier.]

1. A chest of drawers, for keeping papers or clothes.

2. An embassador's or secretary's office.

In Spanish, this word bureo is a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.

Burg

BURG, noun [This is the same word as borough, the only difference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.]

A borough; originally a fortified town, but now a city or town, which sends members to parliament, whether incorporated or not. [See Borough.]

Burgage

BURG'AGE, noun [from burg.] In English law, tenure in burgage, or burgage tenure, is tenure in socage, applied to cities or towns, or where houses, or lands which were formerly the site of houses, in an ancient borough, are held of some lord in common socage by a certain established rent; a remnant of Saxon liberty.

Blackstone.

Burgamot

BURG'AMOT, noun A species of pear. [See Bergamot.]

2. A kind of perfume. [See Bergamot.]

Burganet

BURG'ANET, or BURG'ONET, noun [French bourguignote, from burg, in the sense of covering or guarding.]

A kind of helmet, the Spanish murrion.

Spenser. Shak.

Burgeois

BURGEOIS', noun [French bourgeois, pronounced boorzhwÃƒ-¡, from bourg, burg.] A burgess.

Burgeois

BURGEOIS', or BOURGEOIS', n. burjois'. A species of type, or printing letter, smaller than long primer, and larger than brevier.

Burgeon

BURGEON. [See Bourgeon.]

Burger-Master

BURG'ER-MASTER, noun An aquatic fowl which builds its nest on cliffs near the water.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Burgess

BURG'ESS, noun [French bourgeois, from bourg, burg.]

1. An inhabitant of a borough, or walled town; or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough.

Blackstone.

2. A representative of a borough in parliament.

Ib.

3. A magistrate of certain towns.

Encyc.

4. Before the revolution, the representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia, were called burgesses, as the House of Burgesses. It is now called the House of Delegates.

Burgess-Ship

BURG'ESS-SHIP, noun The state or quality of a burgess.

South.

Burgh

BURGH, n. burg. A different orthography of burg, borough, which see.

Burgh-Bote

BURGH'-BOTE, noun [burgh and bote.] In old laws, a contribution towards the building or reparing of castles, or walls, for the defense of a city or town.

Encyc.

Burgh-Brech

BURGH'-BRECH, noun [burgh and break.] A fine imposed on a burgh, for a breach of the peace.

English.

Burgher

BURGH'ER, noun [from burg.] An inhabitant of a burgh or borough, who enjoys the privileges of the borough of which he is a freeman. In America, it is applied to any native citizen, especially in the state of New-York.

Burgher-Ship

BURGH'ER-SHIP, noun The state or privilege of a burgher.

Burgh-Master

BURGH'-M`ASTER, noun [burgh and master.] A burgomaster; also, an officer in the tinmines, who directs and lays out the meers for the workmen, called also bailiff and bar-master.

Encyc.

Burghmote

BURGH'MOTE, noun [burgh and mote, meeting.] The court of a burgh or borough.

Encyc.

Burglar

BURG'LAR, noun [burgh or burg, a house, and Armoric laer, a thief; whence French larron.]

One guilty of nocturnal house breaking; one who breaks and enters a mansion house, with intent to commit a felony.

Coke.

Burglarious

BURGLA'RIOUS, adjective Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary.

To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry.

Blackstone.

Burglariously

BURGLA'RIOUSLY, adverb With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.

Blackstone.

Burglary

BURG'LARY, noun The act or crime of nocturnal house breaking, with an intent to commit a felony. To constitute this crime, the act must be committed in the night, or when there is not day-light enough to discern a man's face. It must be in a mansion house, or in an adjoining building which is a part or parcel of the mansion. There must be an actual breaking and an entry; but an opening made by the offender, as by taking out a pane of glass, or lifting a window, raising a latch, picking a lock, or removing any fastening, amounts to a breaking; and a putting in of the hand, after such breaking, is an entry. The act must also be done with an intent to commit felony.

Blackstone.

Burgomaster

BURG'OM`ASTER, noun [burg and master.] A burgh-master; a magistrate or one employed in the government of a city. The burgomasters are the chief magistrates of the great towns, in Holland, Flanders and Germany.

Burgrave

BUR'GRAVE, noun [burg and German graf, Dutch graaf, an earl.]

In some European countries, an hereditary governor of a town or castle.

Burgundy

BUR'GUNDY, noun A kind of wine, so called from Burgundy in France.

Shenstone.

Burgundy pitch is turpentine boiled down to a firmer consistence.

Burh

BURH, is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate. It is Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower. Hence in composition it signifies defense, protection; as cwenburh, (queen-burh) a woman ready to assist; Cuthburh, eminent for assistances.

Gibson's Camden.

Burial

BURIAL, n. ber'rial. [See Bury.] The act of burying a deceased person; sepulture; interment; the act of depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water.

2. The act of placing any thing under earth or water; as, to bury seed in the earth.

3. The church service for funerals.

Johnson.

Burial-Place

BURIAL-PLACE, noun A place appropriated to the burial of the dead; a grave-yard.

Burier

BURIER, n. ber'rier. One who buries a deceased person.

Shak.

Burin

BU'RIN, noun [French burin; Portugese boril; Italian bulino.]

A graver; an instrument for engraving.

Johnson.

Burl

BURL, verb transitive [See Burly.] To dress cloth as fullers do.

Johnson.

2. To pick knots and loose threads off from cloth.

Ash.

Burlace

BUR'LACE, noun [A contraction of burdelais.] A sort of grape.

Johnson.

Burler

BURL'ER, noun A dresser of cloth.

Burlesque

BURLESQUE, or BURLESK', adjective [French; Italian burlesco, from burlare, to ridicule; burla, mockery, raillery; Portugese and Spanish burlar, to jest or scoff; burlesco, a wag, a jester. The termination esque answers to ish.]

Jocular; tending to excite laughter by ludicrous images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with gravity.

Burlesque

BURLESQUE, or BURLESK, noun Ludicrous representation; a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, which tends to excite laughter or ridicule.

2. A composition in which a trifling subject or low incident is treated with great gravity, as a subject of great dignity or importance; or a composition in which the contrast between the subject and the manner of considering it renders it ludicrous or ridiculous; as in Virgil Travestie, the Lutrin of Boileau, Butler's Hudibras and Trumbull's McFingal.

Burlesque

BURLESQUE, or BURLESK, verb transitive To turn into ridicule; or to make ludicrous by representation; as by treating a low or trifling subject with great gravity.

Burlesquer

BURLESQ'UER, or BURLESK'ER, noun One who burlesques, or turns to ridicule.

Burletta

BURLET'TA, noun [Italian. See Burlesque, Burly.]

A comic opera; a musical entertainment.

Burliness

BUR'LINESS, noun [See Burly.] Bulk; bluster.

Johnson.

Burly

BURL'Y, adjective [The sense probably is swelled. Hence it accords with Russian burlyu, to be noisy, to swell as sound. Qu. Welsh broliaw. See Burlesque.]

Great in size; bulky; tumid; falsely great; boisterous.

Dryden. Cowley.

This word is obsolete or nearly so in America; but hurly-burly is common in vulgar use, for noise, confusion, uproar.

Burn

BURN, verb transitive pret. and pp. burned or burnt. [Saxon bernan, boernan or byrnan, to burn; bryne, a burning, fire, ardor; Swedish brinna, br?nna; German brennen; Dutch branden; Danish broender, from brand; Latin pruna, and perhaps, furnus, fornax, a furnace. The primary sense is, to rage, to act with violent excitement.]

1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; frequently with up; as, to burn up wood.

2. To expel the volatile parts and reduce to charcoal by fire; as, to burn wood into coal. Hence, in popular language, to burn a kiln of wood, is to char the wood.

3. To cleanse of soot by burning; to inflame; as, to burn a chimney; an extensive use of the word.

4. To harden in the fire; to bake or harden by heat; as, to burn bricks or a brickkiln.

5. To scorch; to affect by heat; as, to burn the clothes or the legs by the fire; to burn meat or bread in cookery.

6. To injure by fire; to affect the flesh by heat.

7. To dry up or dissipate; with up; as, to burn up tears.

Dryden.

8. To dry excessively; to cause to wither by heat; as, the sun burns the grass or plants.

9. To heat or inflame; to affect with excessive stimulus; as, ardent spirits burn the stomach.

10. To affect with heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste. Hence the phrase burnt to.

11. To calcine with heat or fire; to expel the volatile matter from substances, so that they are easily pulverized; as, to burn oyster shells, or lime-stone.

12. To affect with excess of heat; as, the fever burns a patient.

13. To subject to the action of fire; to heat or dry; as, to burn colors.

Encyc.

To burn up, to consume entirely by fire.

To burn out, to burn till the fuel is all consumed.

Burn

BURN, verb intransitive To be on fire; to flame; as, the mount burned with fire.

Exodus.

2. To shine; to sparkle.

O prince! O wherefore burn your eyes?

Rowe.

3. To be inflamed with passion or desire; as, to burn with anger or love.

Thomson.

4. To act with destructive violence, as fire.

Shall thy wrath burn like fire?

Psalm lxxxix.

5. To be in commotion; to rage with destructive violence.

The groan still deepens and the combat burns.

Pope.

6. To be heated; to be in a glow; as, the face burns.

7. To be affected with a sensation of heat, pain or acidity; as, the heart burns.

8. To feel excess of heat; as, the flesh burns by a fire; a patient burns with a fever.

To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted and the fire ceases.

Burn

BURN, noun A hurt or injury of the flesh caused by the action of fire.

2. The operation of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn.

Burnable

BURN'ABLE, adjective That may be burnt. [Little used.]

Burn-Cow

BURN'-COW or BURST'-COW, noun A genus of insects, with filiform feelers, of several species; very obnoxious to cattle.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Burned

BURN'ED, BURNT, participle passive Consumed with fire; scorched or dried with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire.

Burner

BURN'ER, noun A person who burns or sets fire to any thing.

Burnet

BURN'ET, noun A plant, Poterium or garden burnet.

Burnet-Saxifrage

BURNET-SAXIFRAGE, noun A plant, Pimpinella.

Burning

BURN'ING, participle of the present tense Consuming with fire; flaming; scorching; hardening by fire; calcining; charring; raging as fire; glowing.

Burning

BURN'ING, noun Combustion; the act of expelling volatile matter and reducing to ashes, or to a calx; a fire; inflammation; the heat or raging of passion. In surgery, actual cautery; cauterization.

Burning

BURN'ING, adjective Powerful; vehement; as a burning shame; a burning scent.

Shak.

2. Much heated; very hot; scorching.

The burning plains of India.

S. S. Smith.

Burning-Glass

BURN'ING-GLASS, noun [burn and glass.] A convex glass which, when exposed to the direct rays of the sun, collects them into a small space, called a focus, producing an intense heat. The name is given also to a concave mirror which condenses the sun's rays.

Encyc.

Burning-Thorny-Plant

BURNING-THORNY-PLANT. A species of Euphorbia or spurge.

Fam. of Plants.

Burnish

BURN'ISH, verb transitive [French brunir; Dutch bruineeren; Italian brunire; Spanish brunir. This word undoubtedly is of secondary formation, from the color of flame. See Burn.]

To polish by friction; to make smooth, bright and glossy; as, to burnish steel.

Dryden.

Burnish

BURN'ISH, verb intransitive To grow bright or glossy.

Swift.

Burnish

BURN'ISH, noun Gloss; brightness; luster.

Christ. Observ.

Burnished

BURN'ISHED, participle passive Polished; made glossy.

Burnisher

BURN'ISHER, noun The person who polishes, or makes glossy.

2. An instrument used in polishing, of different kinds. It may be a piece of round polished steel, a dog's or wolf's tooth, a piece of copper, agate or pebble, &c. It is used for giving a gloss or smoothness to metals, to the edges of books, &c.

Burnishing

BURN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Polishing; making smooth and glossy.

Burnoose

BURN'OOSE, or BURN'OS, noun [Spanish albornoz; Portugese albernoz; Pers.; Syriac biruna.]

An upper cloke or garment.

Parkhurst.

Burnt

BURNT, participle passive of burn. Consumed; scorched; heated; subjected to the action of fire.

Burnt-Offering

BURNT-OFFERING, noun [burnt and offer.] Something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice; called also burnt-sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or sheep; or some species of vegetable substance, as bread and ears of wheat or barley.

Brown.

Burr

BURR, noun The lobe or lap of the ear.

Dict.

2. The round knob of a horn next a deer's head.

Encyc.

3. The sweetbread.

Burr-pump, or bilge-pump. A pump, having a staff of 6, 7 or 8 feet long with a bar of wood to which the leather is nailed, which serves instead of a box. This staff is worked by men who pull it up and down, with a rope fastened to the middle of it.

Encyc.

Burras-Pipe

BUR'RAS-PIPE, noun An instrument or vessel used to keep corroding powders in.

Johnson.

Bur-Reed

BUR'-REED, noun A plant, the Sparganium.

Muhlenberg.

Burrel

BUR'REL, noun A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, from its smooth, delicious, soft pulp.

Philips.

Burrel-Fly

BURREL-FLY, noun The ox-fly, gad-bee, or breeze.

Johnson.

Burrel-Shot

BURREL-SHOT, noun [French bourreler, to torment, and shot.]

Small shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c., put into cases, to be discharged among enemies.

Burrock

BUR'ROCK, noun A small wier or dam where wheels are laid in a river, for catching fish.

Philips.

Burrow

BUR'ROW, noun A different orthography of burgh, borough, which see.

Burrow

BUR'ROW, noun [Saxon byrgen, a sepulcher, byrian, to bury, or beorgan, to keep.]

A hollow place in the earth or in a warren, where small animals lodge, and sometimes deposit their provisions. Some animals excavate the earth, by scratching, and form these lodges.

Burrow

BUR'ROW, verb intransitive To lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as coneys or rabbits. In a more general sense, to lodge in any deep or concealed place. The word seems to include the idea of excavating a hole for a lodge, as well as lodging in it; but the verb is not often used transitively, as to burrow the earth.

Burrowing

BUR'ROWING, participle of the present tense Lodging in a burrow.

Bursar

BURS'AR, noun [See Burse.] A treasurer, or cash-keeper, as the bursar of a college, or of a monastery; a purser.

2. A student to whom a stipend is paid out of a burse or fund appropriated for that purpose, as the exhibitioners sent to the universities in Scotland by each presbytery.

Encyc. Johnson.

Bursar-Ship

BURS'AR-SHIP, noun The office of a bursar.

Hales.

Bursary

BURS'ARY, noun The treasury of a college, or monastery.

2. In Scotland, an exhibition.

Encyc.

Burse

BURSE, n. burs. [French bourse, a purse, the vesicle of the gall, the hull or skin of seeds, an exchange; Dutch beurs, a purse, an exchange, scrotum; German bÃƒ-¶rse, a purse, an exchange; Dutch bÃƒ-¶rs, the same; Italian borsa; Spanish and Portugese bolsa, a purse or bag, r being changed into l.]

1. A public edifice in certain cities, for the meeting of merchants to consult on matters of trade and money, and to negotiate bills of exchange. This is the name used in many cities in Europe, but in England and America, such building is called an exchange. The new Burse in Paris is one of the most elegant buildings in the city.

2. In France, a fund or foundation for the maintenance of poor scholars in their studies. In the middle ages, it signified a little college, or a hall in a university.

Encyc.

Burst

BURST, verb intransitive pret. and pp. burst. The old participle bursten is nearly obsolete. [Saxon byrstan, burstan; Dutch barsten; German bersten; Danish brister; Swedish brista, to burst. The word bristle seems to belong to burst, denoting a shoot.]

1. To fly or break open with force, or with sudden violence; to suffer a violent disruption. The peculiar force of this word is, in expressing a sudden rupture, with violence, or expansion, or both. Hence it is generally used to signify the sudden rupture of a thing by internal force, and a liberation from confinement; as, to burst from a prison; the heart bursts with grief.

Milton.

2. To break away; to spring from; as, to burst from the arms.

Pope.

3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence; to rush upon unexpectedly; as, a sound bursts upon our ears.

4. To issue suddenly, or to come from a hidden or retired place into more open view; as, a river bursts from a valley; a spring bursts from the earth.

5. To break forth into action suddenly; as, to burst into tears.

6. To break or rush in with violence; as, to burst into a house or a room.

It is often followed by an intensive particle; as, out, forth, away, from, or asunder.

Burst

BURST, verb transitive To break or rend by force or violence; to open suddenly; as, to burst a chain or a door; to burst a cannon.

Burst

BURST, noun A sudden disruption; a violent rending; more appropriately, a sudden explosion or shooting forth; as a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion.

2. A rupture, a hernia, or the unnatural protrusion of the contents of the abdomen.

Burst

BURST, or BURST'EN, participle passive or adjective Affected with a rupture or hernia.

Burst

BURST, participle passive Opened or rent asunder by violence.

Burstenness

BURST'ENNESS, noun The state of having a rupture; the hernia.

Burster

BURST'ER, noun One that bursts.

Bursting

BURST'ING, participle of the present tense Rending or parting by violence; exploding.

Burst-Wort

BURST'-WORT, noun The Herniaria, a plant said to be good against hernia or ruptures.

Burt

BURT, noun A flat fish of the turbot kind.

Johnson.

Burthen

BURTHEN. [See Burden.]

Burton

BUR'TON, noun A small tackle formed by two blocks or pulleys, used to set up or tighten the topmost shrouds, and for various other purposes; called also top-burtontackle.

Mar. Dict.

Bury

BURY, n. ber'ry. This word is a different orthography of burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation or castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in

Shrewsbury, Danbury, Aldermanbury. The word is used by Grew, for burrow.

Bury

BURY, v. t. ber'ry. [Saxon byrian, burgan, to bury; byrgen, a tomb or sepulcher; allied to beorgan, to save.]

1. To deposit a deceased person in the grave; to inter a corpse; to entomb.

2. To cover with earth, as seed sown.

3. To hide; to conceal; to overwhelm; to cover with any thing; as, to bury any one in the ruins of a city.

4. To withdraw or conceal in retirement; as, to bury one's self in a monastery or in solitude.

5. To commit to the water; to deposit in the ocean; as dead bodies buried in the deep.

6. To place one thing within another.

Thy name so buried in her.

Shak.

7. To forget and forgive; to hide in oblivion; as, to bury an injury.

To bury the hatchet, in the striking metaphorical language of American Indians, is to lay aside the instruments of war, forget injuries, and make peace.

Burying

BURYING, participle of the present tense Interring; hiding; covering with earth; overwhelming.

Burying

BURYING, noun The act of interring the dead; sepulture. John 12:7.

Burying-Place

BURYING-PLACE, noun A grave-yard; a place appropriated to the sepulture of the dead; a church-yard.

Bush

BUSH, noun [Dutch bosch; German busch; Danish busk; Swedish buska; Italian bosco; Spanish bosque; Portugese bosque; whence Spanish boscage, French bocage, Italian boscata, a grove or cluster of trees. Qu. Greek, Latin pasco, originally, to feed on sprouts.]

1. A shrub with branches; a thick shrub; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hunters, a fox tail.

Spenser. Waller. Encyc. Ash.

2. An assemblage of branches interwoven.

Encyc.

3. A branch of a tree fixed or hung out as a tavern sign. Hence, since the branch has been discontinued, a coronated frame of wood hung out as a tavern sign, is so called. Hence the English proverb, "Good wine needs no bush."

Encyc.

[I know not that this word is thus used in the U. States.]

4. A circle of metal let into the sheaves of such blocks as have iron pins, to prevent their wearing.

Mar. Dict.

This word when applied to sheaves is called bush, but when applied to the circular iron of a cart wheel is, in America, called a box. Qu. Italian bosso, the box-tree; bossolo, a little box. Johnson writes it bushel.

Bush

BUSH, verb intransitive To grow thick or bushy.

Milton.

Bush

BUSH, verb transitive To furnish a block with a bush.

Bushel

BUSH'EL, noun [French boisseau; Armoric boesel; Norm. bussel; probably from boiste, boÃƒ-®te, a box; Italian bossolo, that is, a little box.]

A dry measure, containing eight gallons, or four pecks. The standard English bushel, by Stat. 12. Henry VII., contains eight gallons of wheat, each gallon eight pounds of wheat, troy weight, the pound, twelve ounces troy, the ounce, twenty sterlings, and the sterling, thirty two grains of wheat growing in the middle of the ear. The contents are 2145. 6 solid inches, equivalent to 1131 ounces and 14 pennyweights troy.

Encyc.

The English bushel is used also in the U. States.

Bushel signifies both the quantity or capacity, and the vessel which will contain the quantity.

2. In popular language, a large quantity indefinitely.

Johnson.

3. The circle of iron in the nave of a wheel; in America, called a box. [See Bush.]

Bushelage

BUSH'ELAGE, noun A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Not used in the U. States.]

Bushiness

BUSH'INESS, noun [from bush, bushy.] The quality of being bushy, thick or intermixed, like the branches of a bush.

Bush-Man

BUSH'-MAN, noun [Dutch bosch-man.] A woods-man; a name which the Dutch give to the wild and ferocious inhabitants of Africa, near the Cape of Good Hope.

Bushment

BUSH'MENT, noun [from bush.] A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Bushy

BUSH'Y, adjective [from bush.] Full of branches; thick and spreading, like a bush; as a bushy beard or brier.

Bacon.

2. Full of bushes; overgrown with shrubs.

Dryden.

Busied

BUSIED, participle passive of busy; pron. biz'zied.

Busiless

BUSILESS, a. biz'ziless. [See Busy.] Without business; at leisure; unemployed.

Shak.

Busily

BUSILY, adv. biz'zily. With constant occupation; actively; earnestly; as, to be busily employed.

2. With an air of hurry or importance; with too much curiosity; importunately; officiously.

Dryden.

Business

BUSINESS, n. biz'ness. [See Busy.] Employment; that which occupies the time, attention and labor of men, for the purpose of profit or improvementÃ‚--a word of extensive use and indefinite signification. Business is a particular occupation, as agriculture, trade, mechanic art, or profession, and when used of a particular employment, the word admits of the plural number, businesses. Business is also any temporary employment.

2. Affairs; concerns; as, a man leaves his business in an unsettled state.

3. The subject of employment; that which engages the care and attention.

You are so much the business of our souls.

Dryden.

4. Serious engagement; important occupation, in distinction from trivial affairs.

It should be the main business of life to serve God, and obey his commands.

5. Concern; right of action or interposing. "What business has a man with the disputes of others?"

6. A point; a matter of question; something to be examined or considered.

Fitness to govern is a perplexed business.

Bacon.

7. Something to be done; employment of importance to one's interest, opposed to amusement; as, we have no business in town.

They were far from the Zidonians and had no business with any one.

Judges.

8. Duty, or employment that duty enjoins. A lawyer's business is to do justice to his clients.

To do the business for a man, is to kill, destroy or ruin him.

Busk

BUSK, noun [French busque.] A piece of steel or whale bone, worn by women to strengthen their stays; a word dependent on fashion.

Donne.

Busk

BUSK, noun A bush. [Not used.]

Busk

BUSK, verb intransitive To be active or busy. This is probably the Saxon word bysgian, to busy, or the Spanish buscar, to search. Busk is still used in America. [See Busy.] Fairfax uses it in the sense of prepare, transitively, "to busk them for the battle."

Busket

BUSK'ET, noun A small bush, or a compartment of shrubs in a garden.

Spenser.

Buskin

BUSK'IN, noun A kind of half boot, or high shoe, covering the foot and leg to the middle and tied underneath the knee, worn by actors in tragedy on the stage. The buskins of the ancients had very thick soles, to raise the actors and actresses to the stature of the persons they represented.

Encyc.

2. In classic authors, the word is used for tragedy.

Buskined

BUSK'INED, adjective Dressed in buskins.

Milton. Pope.

Busky

BUSK'Y, adjective Bushy; wooded; shaded or overgrown with trees or shrubs; generally written bosky. [See Bush.]

Shak.

Buss

BUSS, noun [Persian bosidan; Arabic bausa, to kiss; Latin basio; French baiser; Norm. beser; Spanish besar; Portugese beijar; Italian baciare; Dutch poezen; to kiss. The verb may be from the noun, and perhaps from the name of the lip; at any rate, from the same radical sense, to push; Persian puz, the lip; Welsh and Irish bus, the lip; Dutch poes, a kiss, a puss, a fur-tippet, a girl; Spanish beso, a kiss; Portugese beiÃƒ-§o, the lip; beijo, a kiss; Italian bacio. This word, so venerable for its antiquity and general use, has fallen into disrepute.]

A kiss; a salute with the lips.

2. [Dutch buis; German bÃƒ-¼se, Russian busa.] A small vessel, from 50 to 70 tons burthen, carrying two masts, and two sheds or cabins, one at each end; used in the herring fishery.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Buss

BUSS, verb transitive To kiss; to salute with the lips.

Shak.

Bust

BUST, noun [Italian and Spanish busto; French buste; Latin bustum.]

In sculpture, the figure of a person in relief, showing only the head, shoulders and stomach; ordinarily placed on a pedestal or console. In speaking of an antique, we say the head is marble and the bust porphyry or bronze; that is, the shoulders and stomach. The Italians use the word for the trunk of the body from the neck to the hips.

Encyc.

Bustard

BUST'ARD, noun [bus and tarda; Italian otarda; French outarde. Ancient Celtic, tarda. Plin. 10. 22.]

The tarda, a species of fowl of the grallic order, and genus Otis. This fowl grows to the weight of 25 or 27 pounds, with a breadth of wing of six or seven feet. It inhabits England, feeding on green corn and other vegetables, and on earth-worms. It runs fast and takes flight with difficulty.

Encyc.

Bustle

BUS'TLE, v. i. bus'l. [This word may be allied to busy, or to Latin festino.]

To stir quick; to be very active; to be very quick in motion, often or usually with the sense of noise or agitation.

And leave the world for me to bustle in.

Shak.

Bustle

BUS'TLE, n. bus'l. Hurry; great stir; rapid motion with noise and agitation; tumult from stirring or agitation; combustion.

All would have been well without this bustle.

Spectator.

Bustler

BUS'TLER, n. bus'ler. An active stirring person.

Bustling

BUS'TLING, ppr. bus'ling. Stirring; moving actively with noise or agitation.

Busto

BUST'O, noun A bust; sometimes perhaps used for a statue.

Ashmole.

Busy

BUSY, a. biz'zy. [Saxon bysi, bysig; whence, byseg, business, bysgian, to busy; Dutch bezig, busy; bezigen, to busy, to use. This word appears, from the Dutch, to be composed of be, the prefix, and zig, the root of see, contracted in Inf. to zien, but retained in the pret. zag, and in the derivatives, zigt, sight, zigtbaar, visible. We find bezigtigen signifies to view. If this opinion is correct, the primary sense is seeing, or closely inspecting.]

1. Employed with constant attention; engaged about something that renders interruption inconvenient; as, a man is busy in posting his books.

My mistress is busy and cannot come.

Shak.

2. Actively employed; occupied without cessation; constantly in motion; as a busy bee.

Shak.

3. Active in that which does not concern the person; meddling with or prying into the affairs of others; officious; importunate; hence, troublesome; vexatious.

Waller.

4. Much occupied with employment; as a busy day.

Busy

BUSY, v. t. biz'zy. To employ with constant attention; to keep engaged; to make or keep busy; as, to busy one's self with books.

To be busied with genus and species.

Locke.

Busy-Body

BUSY-BODY, n. biz'zy-body. [busy and body.]

A meddling person; one who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others.

Taylor.

But

BUT, part. for butan. [Saxon butan, buton, buta, bute, without, on the outside, abroad; hence, except or excepting, besides; that is, separated, not included. The verb is not in the Saxon; but in Dutch we have the verb in its primary sense, buiten, to rove, or wander, to go freebooting; buit, booty; buiten, out, without, abroad, besides, except; buiten boord, over board; buiten deur, out of doors; buiten huis, an out-house; buiten man, an out-man, a stranger; German beute, booty; Swedish byte, booty; byta, to exchange; Danish bytte, booty, a parting, division, distribution; bytter, to part, divide, exchange, barter; Spanish botin; Italian bottino; French butin, booty. The primary sense of booty is to rove or wander, to part or separate from; applied to persons, it is to wander; applied to things, it may include stripping. But then is a contraction of butan, and primarily a participle.]

1. Except; besides; unless.

Who can it be, but perjured Lycon?

Smith.

That is, removed, separated, excepted.

Lycon being separated, or excepted, who can it be?

And but infirmity,

Which waits upon worn times, hath something seized

His wish'd ability, he had himself

The lands and waters measured.

Shak.

That is, except, unless, separate this fact, that infirmity had seized his ability, he had measured the lands and waters.

In this use but, butan, is a participle equivalent to excepting, and may be referred to the person speaking, or more naturally, it is equivalent to excepted, and with the following words, or clause, forming the case absolute.

Who can it be, Lycon being excepted?

And but my noble Moor is true of mind, it were enough to put him to ill thinking.

Shak.

It cannot be but nature hath some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways.

Hooker.

There is no question but the King of Spain will reform most of the abuses.

Addison.

It is not impossible but I may alter the complexion of my play.

Dryden.

In the last three examples, that is omitted after but.

It is not impossible but that I may alter the complexion of my play.

In these and all similar phrases, but denotes separation, exception.

2. Only.

A formidable man, but to his friends.

Dryden.

There is but one man present.

This use of but is a modern innovation; but perhaps too firmly established to be corrected. In all such phrases, a negative, not, nothing, or other word, is omitted. He is not a formidable man, but to his enemies, that is, except. There is not but one one man present, that is, there is not except or besides one present. So also, "Our light affliction is but for a moment." 2 Corinthians 4. Our affliction is not, except for a moment.

If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings 7.

The common people in America retain the original and correct phrase; usually employing a negative. They do not say, I have but one. On the other hand, they say, I have not but one, that is, I have not except one; except one, and I have none. This word but for butan is not a conjunction, nor has it the least affinity to that part of speech.

But

BUT, conj. [Saxon bote, reparation, satisfaction, compensation, and adverbially, moreover, further, that is, something added to make good, to supply what is wanted, from betan, to make better, or more, to amend, that is, to advance; Dutch boete; Swedish b?te; Danish baade; Welsh buz, advantage. So in German aber, but, is the over. In some of these languages it denotes a fine or penance, that which makes satisfaction. In Danish, profit; baader, to gain or profit; Welsh buziaw; Gothic botyan, id; German busse, bÃƒ-¼ssen. We use this word as a noun, in the phrase, he gives a guinea to boot, that is, to make good, to satisfy, or by way of addition; and as a verb, in the phrase, what boots it, what gain or profit is it. It is radically the same word as bet in better; and the radical sense is to advance.]

More; further; noting an addition to supply what is wanting to elucidate, or modify the sense of the preceding part of a sentence, or of a discourse, or to continue the discourse, or to exhibit a contrast.

Now abide faith, hope, charity, these three; but, the greatest of these is charity. 1 Corinthians 13.

When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom. Proverbs 11.

Our wants are many and grievous; but quite of another kind.

The house of representatives were well agreed in passing the bill; but the senate dissented.

This word is in fact a noun equivalent to addition or supply; but in grammatical construction, no inconvenience results from considering it to be a connective.

But

BUT, noun [French bout, end, extremity, and but, end, aim, design; Armoric but, or baut. It is sometimes written butt, especially when applied to the end of a plank. It coincides, in sense and elements, with Latin peto, Spanish bote, a thrust, botar, to cast, Italian botta, botto, botare, French botte, bouder, pout, and many other words. See Butt.]

1. An end; a limit; a bound. It is used particularly for the larger end of a thing, as of a piece of timber, or of a fallen tree; that which grows nearest the earth. It is not often applied to the bound or limit of land; yet butted, for bounded, is often used.

2. The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom, which unites with another; generally written butt.

But

BUT, verb intransitive To be bounded by; to lie contiguous to; a word used in America. [See Abut.]

But-End

BUT-END, noun [but and end.] The largest or blunt end of a thing; as the but-end of a musket or of a piece of timber. This word is tautological, but and end signifying the same thing; unless but is considered as equivalent to swelling, protuberant.

Butcher

BUTCH'ER, noun [French boucher; Armoric boÃƒ-§zer, a butcher; French boucherie; Italian beccheria, butchery, shambles. The primary sense probably is to stick or stab, as the French boucher signifies to stop, that is, to set, to thrust.]

1. One who slaughters animals for market; or one whose occupation is to kill animals for the table. The word may and often does include the person who cuts up and sells meat.

2. One who kills men, or commands troops to kill them; one who sheds, or causes to be shed human blood in abundance; applied to princes and conquerors who delight in war, or are remarkable for destroying human life.

Locke.

Butcher

BUTCH'ER, verb transitive To kill or slaughter animals for food, or for market.

2. To murder; but emphatically applied to murder, committed with unusual cruelty, or circumstances of uncommon barbarity.

Butcher-Bird

BUTCH'ER-BIRD, noun The shrike; a genus of birds, called Lanius. One species of this genus is called king-bird, from its courage in attacking hawks and crows.

Encyc.

The king-bird is now arranged under the genus Muscicapa.

Ed. Encyc.

Butcherliness

BUTCH'ERLINESS, noun A cruel, savage, butcherly manner.

Johnson.

Butcherly

BUTCH'ERLY, adjective [from butcher.] Cruel; savage; murderous; grossly and clumsily barbarous.

Ascham. Shak.

Butchers-Broom

BUTCH'ER'S-BROOM, noun Ruscus; a genus of plants, called also knee-holly. It is used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks.

Encyc.

Butchery

BUTCH'ERY, noun The business of slaughtering cattle for the table or for market.

Pope.

2. Murder, especially murder committed with unusual barbarity; great slaughter.

Shak. Dryden.

3. The place where animals are killed for market; a shambles, or slaughter-house; also, a place where blood is shed.

Shak.

Butler

BUT'LER, noun [French bouteillier, from bouteille, a bottle, that is, the bottler; Irish buitleir, a butler, from buidel, boide, a bottle.]

A servant or officer in the houses of princes and great men, whose principal business is to take charge of the liquors, plate, &c. Formerly, an officer in the court of France, being the same as the grand echanson or great cup-bearer of the present times.

Encyc.

Butlerage

BUT'LERAGE, noun A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by foreigners or merchant strangers. It was a composition for the privileges granted to them by king John and Edward I., and originally received by the crown; but it has been granted to certain noblemen. It was called butlerage, because originally paid to the king's butler for the king.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Butlership

BUT'LERSHIP, noun The office of a butler. Genesis 40:21.

Butment

BUT'MENT, noun [Old French aboutement, from bout, but, end.]

1. A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained. The mass of stone at the end of a timber bridge, without arches, is called by the same name. It is written also abutment.

Butshaft

BUT'SHAFT, noun [but and shaft.] An arrow to shoot at butts with.

B. Jonson.

Butt

BUTT, noun [See But.] Literally, end, furthest point. Hence, a mark to be shot at; the point where a mark is set or fixed to be shot at.

Dryden.

2. The point to which a purpose or effort is directed.

Shak.

3. The object of aim; the thing against which an attack is directed.

Clarendon.

Hence,

4. The person at whom ridicule, jests or contempt are directed; as the butt of ridicule.

Spectator.

5. A push or thrust given by the head of an animal, as the butt of a ram; also, a thrust in fencing.

6. A cask whose contents are 126 gallons of wine, or two hogsheads; called also a pipe. A butt of beer is 108 gallons, and from 1500 to 2200 weight of currants is a butt. [Saxon butte or bytt; Spanish bota.]

Johnson.

7. The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom.

Mar. Dict.

8. A particular kind of hinge for doors, &c.

Butt

BUTT, verb intransitive [Welsh pwtiaw, to butt, to thrust; Italian buttare; Spanish botar; Portugese botar, to thrust, or throw; French botte, a thrust; from the same root probably as but, bout, Latin peto.]

To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head against, as an ox or a ram.

Wotton. Dryden.

Butter

BUT'TER, noun [Saxon buter, butera; Dutch boter; German butter; Latin butyrum; Greek.]

An oily substance obtained from cream or milk by churning. Agitation separates the fat or oily part of milk from the thin or serous part, called butter-milk.

Butter, in the old chimistry, was applied to various preparations; as,

Butter of antimony, now called the sublimated muriate of antimony, and made by distilling a mixture of corrosive sublimate and the regulus.

Butter of arsenic, sublimated muriate of arsenic, made by a like process.

Butter of bismuth, sublimated muriate of bismuth.

Butter of tin, sublimated muriate of tin.

Butter of zink, sublimated muriate of zink.

Fourcroy.

Butter of cacao, is an oily concrete white matter obtained from the cacao nut, made by bruising the nut and boiling it in water.

Nicholson.

Butter of wax, the oleaginous part of wax, obtained by distillation, and of a butyraceous consistence.

Nicholson.

Butter

BUT'TER, verb transitive To smear with butter.

2. To increase the stakes at every throw or every game; a cant term among gamesters.

Johnson.

Butter-Bump

BUT'TER-BUMP, noun The bittern.

Johnson.

Butter-Burr

BUT'TER-BURR, noun A plant, a species of Tussilago, or Colt's-foot, called petasites, growing in wet land, with large leaves.

Fam. of Plants.

Encyc.

Butter-Cups

BUT'TER-CUPS, noun A name given to a species of Ranunculus or crow-foot, with bright yellow flowers; called also goldencup.

Fam. of Plants. Lee.

Butter-Flower

BUT'TER-FLOWER, noun A yellow flower.

Gay.

Butterfly

BUT'TERFLY, noun [from the color of a yellow species.]

Papilio, a genus of insects, of the order of lepidopters. They have four wings imbricated with a kind of downy scales; the tongue is convoluted in a spiral form; and the body is hairy. The species are numerous. Butter-flies proceed from the crysalids of caterpillars; caterpillars proceed from eggs deposited by butterflies; they then change into crysalids, which produce butterflies, which again deposit their eggs.

Butterfly-Shell

BUTTERFLY-SHELL, noun A genus of testaceous molluscas, with a spiral unilocular shell; called voluta.

Encyc.

Butteris

BUT'TERIS, noun An instrument of steel set in wood, for paring the hoof of a horse.

Farrier's Dict.

Butter-Milk

BUT'TER-MILK, noun The milk that remains after the butter is separated from it. Johnson calls this whey; but whey is the thin part of the milk after the curd or cheese is separated. Butter-milk in America is not called whey.

Butternut

BUT'TERNUT, noun [butter and nut.]

The fruit of an American tree, the Juglans cinerea; so called from the oil it contains. The tree bears a resemblance, in its general appearance, to the walnut, or black walnut, so called. It is sometimes called oilnut and white walmut. The tree is called also butternut or butternut-tree. Dr. M. Cutler calls it Juglans Cathartica.

Belknap.

Butter-Print

BUT'TER-PRINT, or BUT'TER-STAMP, noun A piece of carved wood, used to mark cakes of butter.

Butter-Tooth

BUT'TER-TOOTH, noun A broad fore tooth.

Johnson.

Butter-Wife

BUT'TER-WIFE or BUT'TER-WOMAN, noun A woman who sells butter.

Johnson.

Butterwort

BUT'TERWORT, noun A species of Pinguicula, a plant growing on bogs or soft grounds. The leaves are covered with soft pellucid prickles, which secrete a glutinous liquor; and milk, in which these are steeped, or washed, acquires, in a day or two, consistency, and is an agreeable food, used in the north of Sweden.

Encyc.

Buttery

BUT'TERY, adjective [from butter.] Having the qualities or appearance of butter.

Harvey.

Buttery

BUT'TERY, noun An apartment in a house, where butter, milk, provisions and utensils are kept. In some colleges, a room where liquors, fruit and refreshments are kept for sale to the students.

Buttock

BUT'TOCK, noun The rump, or the protuberant part behind.

2. The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern.

Mar. Dict.

Button

BUT'TON, n. but'n. [French bouton, a button, a bud; Welsh buttun, or botwm; Cornish bottum; Italian bottone; Spanish boton, a button or bud; from the root of bud, that is, a push or protuberance. See Butt.]

1. A knob; a small ball; a catch, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, made of metal, silk, mohair, wood, &c.

2. Any knob or ball fastened to another body; a small protuberant body.

Boyle. Pope.

3. A bud; a gem of a plant.

Shak.

4. The button of the reins of a bridle, is a ring of leather, with the reins passed through, which runs along the length of the reins.

Encyc.

5. A flat piece of wood, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten doors.

6. A small round mass of metal, found at the bottom of a crucible, in chimical experiments.

Nicholson.

7. The sea-urchin, an animal which has prickles instead of feet.

Ainsworth.

Button

BUT'TON, v. t. but'n. To fasten with a button, or buttons; to inclose, or make secure with buttons; often followed with up, as to button up a waistcoat.

2. To dress or clothe. [Not used.]

Button-Hole

BUT'TON-HOLE, noun The hole or loop in which a button is caught.

Button-Maker

BUT'TON-MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make buttons.

Button-Stone

BUT'TON-STONE, noun A species of figured stone, or hard flint, resembling a button, consisting of two bodies which appear to be the filling up of holes in a shell. A species has been found finely striated, like a mohair button. This name is given also to a species of slate found in the marquisate of Bareith.

Encyc.

Button-Tree

BUT'TON-TREE, noun The Conocarpus, called also button-wood, a genus of plants, natives of the West-Indies.

Fam. of Plants. Encyc.

Button-Weed

BUT'TON-WEED, noun A genus of plants, the Spermacoce.

Fam. of Plants.

But-Ton-Wood

BUT-TON-WOOD, noun The Cephalanthus, a shrub of N. America, growing five or six feet high.

Encyc.

2. The Platanus Occidentalis, Western plane-tree, a large tree growing in N. America, producing rough balls, from which it is named. The wood is hard, and used for windlasses, wheels and blocks.

Belknap. Mease.

Buttress

BUT'TRESS, noun [This word appears to be composed of but, end, and truss, or some word of that family.]

1. A prop; a wall or abutment built archwise, serving to support another wall on the outside, when very high or loaded with a heavy superstructure.

Encyc.

2. Any prop or support.

South.

Buttress

BUT'TRESS, verb transitive To support by a buttress; to prop.

Buttressed

BUT'TRESSED, adjective Supported with a buttress.

Ward.

Butts

BUTTS, n. plu. [from butt.] A place where archers meet to shoot at mark. Also, short pieces of land in arable ridges and furrows.

Encyc.

But-Wink

BUT'-WINK, noun A bird.

Johnson.

Butyraceous

BUTYRA'CEOUS, or BUT'YROUS, adjective [from butyrum, butter.] Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.

Encyc. Nicholson. Floyer.

Buxom

BUX'OM, adjective [Saxon bocsum, from bog, a bow, bugan, to bend, and sum, some.]

1. Obedient; obsequious; ready to obey. Obs.

Milton.

2. Gay; lively; brisk.

Milton.

3. Wanton; jolly.

Dryden.

Buxomly

BUX'OMLY, adverb Obediently. Obs.

2. Wantonly; amorously.

Johnson.

Buxomness

BUX'OMNESS, noun Meekness; obedience. Obs.

Chaucer.

2. Briskness; amorousness.

Buy

BUY, verb transitive pret. and pp. bought, pron. bawt. [Saxon bigan, or bycgan, bygan; Gothic bugyan, to buy.]

1. To acquire the property, right or title to any thing, by paying a consideration or an equivalent in money. It differs from barter only in this, that in barter the consideration or equivalent is some species of commodity; in purchase, the consideration is money paid or promised. To purchase; to acquire by paying a price to the satisfaction of the seller; opposed to sell.

2. To procure by a consideration given, or by something that is deemed worth the thing bought; to procure at a price; as, to buy pleasure with praise; to buy favor with flattery.

Denham.

3. To bribe; to corrupt or pervert the judgment, by paying a consideration.

To buy off, to influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration, as to buy off conscience; to detach by a consideration given, as to buy off one from a party.

To buy out, to buy off, or detach from.

Shak.

2. To purchase the share or shares of a person in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; as, A buys out B. To purchase stock in any fund or partnership, is to buy in.

To buy on credit, is to purchase a thing, on a promise in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day.

To buy the refusal, is to give money for the right of purchasing at a fixed price at a future time.

To buy the small pox, in South Wales, is to receive it by inoculation.

Encyc.

In popular language, to buy is to pay dear for, as in Chaucer.

Buy

BUY, verb intransitive To negotiate, or treat about a purchase.

I will buy with you and sell with you.

Shak.

Buyer

BUYER, noun One who buys; a purchaser.

Wotton.

Buying

BUYING, participle of the present tense Purchasing.

Buzz

BUZZ, verb intransitive [Italian buzzicare, to whisper; Pers. bazidan, to blow as wind.]

1. To make a low hissing sound, as bees; to make the sound of z, with an expiration of breath between the tongue and the roof of the mouth or upper teeth.

2. To whisper; to speak with a low hissing voice; to make a low hissing sound.

Shak. Hayward.

Buzz

BUZZ, verb transitive To whisper; to spread, as report, by whispers, or to spread secretly.

Bentley.

Buzz

BUZZ, noun The noise of bees; also, a whisper.

South. Bacon.

Buzzard

BUZZ'ARD, noun [Dutch buzaard; German bussaar, busshard; Italian bozzago; French buze, buse or busard; Pers. a hawk.]

1. A species of falco, or hawk, the buteo; a rapacious, but sluggish bird; the breast usually of a yellowish white; the upper parts of a deep brown. In some parts of America, it is called the great Hen-hawk, from its feeding on poultry.

Pennant. Encyc.

2. A block-head; a dunce.

Johnson.

Buzzard

BUZZ'ARD, adjective Senseless; stupid.

Milton.

Buzzardet

BUZZARDET', noun A species of Falco or hawk, resembling the buzzard in most respects; but its legs are in proportion rather longer.

Pennant.

Buzzer

BUZZ'ER, noun A whisperer; one who is busy in telling tales secretly.

Shak.

Buzzing

BUZZ'ING, participle of the present tense Making a low hissing sound; whispering; tattling in secret.

By

BY, preposition [Saxon be or big; Gothic bi; Swedish and Danish be; Dutch by; German bei; all contracted from big. This word in composition is often written be, as in because, besiege. In Swedish and Danish it is used only in composition. The Swedish and Danish paa, and Russian po, may be from a different root, although they are nearly allied in signification, and may be the same word differently written. This preposition occurs as a prefix in all the Shemitic languages, contracted indeed into. See the Introduction. The primary sense is, pressing, close, near, at; but in Gothic and Saxon it signifies also, about, according to, on, with, against, after, &c. In some of these senses, it coincides with the Russian po. The original verb to which this word belongs, most probably signifies to pass, to go, or come, to drive, to press.]

1. Near; close; as, sit by me; that house stands by a river. So in Italian presso, from Latin pressus; French prÃƒ-¨s, auprÃƒ-¨s.

2. Near, in motion; as, to move, go or pass by a church. But it seems, in other phrases, or with a verb in the past time, to signify past, gone beyond. "The procession is gone by;" "the hour is gone by;" "John went by." We now use past as an equivalent word. The procession is gone past. Gone by is in strictness tautology, as now used; but I apprehend by signifies primarily near.

3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instrument or cause; as, "a city is destroyed by fire;" "profit is made by commerce;" "to take by force." This use answers to that of the Latin per, through, denoting a passing, acting, agency, or instrumentality.

4. "Day by day;" "year by year" "article by article." In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, or each particular separately taken.

5. "By the space of seven years." In this phrase, by denotes through, passing or continuing, during.

6. "By this time, the sun had risen." The word here seems to denote, at, present or come to.

7. According to; as, "this appears by his own account;" "these are good rules to live by.

8. On; as, "to pass by land or water;" "great battles by sea and land." In the latter phrase, at or on might be substituted for by.

9. It is placed before words denoting quantity, measure or proportion; as, to sell by the pound; to work by the rod or perch; this line is longer by a tenth.

10. It is used to represent the means or instrument of swearing, or affirming; as, to swear by heaven, or by earth; to affirm by all that is sacred.

11. In the phrase, "he has a cask of wine by him," by denotes nearness or presence.

12. "To sit by one's self," is to sit alone, or without company.

13. "To be present by attorney." In this phrase, by denotes means or instrument; through or in the presence of a substitute.

14. In the phrase, "North by West," the sense seems to be north passing to the west, inclining or going westward, or near west.

As an adverb, by denotes also nearness, or presence; as, there was no person by, at the time. But some noun is understood. So in the phrase, "to pass or go by," there is a noun understood.

By and by is a phrase denoting nearness in time; in a short time after; presently; soon.

When persecution ariseth, because of the word, by and by, he is offended. Matthew 13.

By the by signifies, as we proceed or pass, [French en passant,] noting something interposed in the progress of a discourse, which is distinct from the main subject. The old phrase, "on the by," on the passage, is now obsolete.

To stand by, is to stand near, or to support.

By, in lullaby, and in the nursery, a word used in lulling infants to sleep, is evidently allied to words found in many languages, signifying to rest, or be quiet, or to appease; that is, to press, to stop, as the Greek, Latin paco. It is used in Russia, as with us, bayu, bai. This probably is the same word as the foregoing.

By or bye, in by-law, Saxon bilage, is probably the Swedish by, Danish bye, a village, town, borough or city, from Swedish byggia, Danish bygger, German bauen, Dutch bouwen, to build, Saxon byan, to inhabit; that is, a town-law, a municipal law.

In the common phrase, good-bye, bye signifies passing, going. The phrase signifies, a good going, a prosperous passage, and it is precisely equivalent to farewell, Saxon faran, to go, go well, may you have a good going, equivalent to good speed, in the phrase, "to bid one good speed." [Not God speed, as is generally read and understood.]

By is used in many compound words, in most of which we observe the sense of nearness, closeness, or a withdrawing or seclusion.

By-Coffee-House

BY-COFFEE-HOUSE, noun A coffee house in an obscure place.

Addison.

Ay-Concernment

AY-CONCERN'MENT, noun An affair distinct from the main business.

Dryden.

By-Corner

BY'-CORNER, noun A private corner.

By-Dependence

BY-DEPEND'ENCE, noun An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct from the main dependence.

Shak.

By-Design

BY-DESI'GN, noun An incidental design, or purpose.

Hudibras.

By-Drinking

BY'-DRINKING, noun A private drinking.

By-End

BY'-END, noun Private end; secret purpose or advantage.

L'Estrange.

By-Gone

BY'-GONE, adjective Past; gone by. (Scots dialect.)

Grew.

By-Interest

BY'-INTEREST, noun Self interest: private advantage.

Atterbury.

By-Lane

BY'-LANE, noun A private lane, or one out of the usual road.

By-Law

BY'-LAW, noun A town law; the law of a city, town or private corporation.

Bacon.

By-Matter

BY'-MATTER, noun Something incidental.

Bacon.

By-Name

BY'-NAME, noun Nickname; an incidental appellation.

Camden.

By-Past

BY'-PAST, adjective Past; gone by. (Scots dialect.)

Cheyne.

By-Path

BY'-PATH, noun A private path; an obscure way.

Shak.

By-Respect

BY-RESPECT', noun Private end, or view.

Bacon. Dryden.

By-Road

BY'-ROAD, noun A private or obscure road.

Swift.

By-Room

BY'-ROOM, noun A private room or apartment.

Shak.

By-Speech

BY'-SPEECH, noun An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the point.

Hooker.

By-Spell

BY'-SPELL, noun [Saxon bigspell.] A proverb. [Not used.]

Coles.

By-Stander

BY'-STANDER, noun [Saxon bigstandan, to stand by.] One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting.

Locke.

By-Street

BY'-STREET, noun A separate, private or obscure street.

Gay.

By-Turning

BY'-TURNING, noun An obscure road.

Sidney.

By-View

BY'-VIEW, noun Private view; self interested purpose.

Atterbury.

By-Walk

BY'-WALK, noun A secluded or private walk.

Dryden.

By-Way

BY'-WAY, noun A secluded, private or obscure way.

Addison.

By-West

BY-WEST', adverb Westward; to the west of.

Davies.

By-Wipe

BY'-WIPE, noun A secret stroke or sarcasm.

Milton.

By-Word

BY'-WORD, noun [Saxon bi, or big, and word, as in bigcwid, and bigspell. Either a passing word, or a town-saying.]

A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency.

Bacon.

Bye

BYE, noun [Saxon] A dwelling.

Gibson.

Byssin

BYS'SIN, or BYS'SUS, noun [Greek, infra.] A silk or linen hood. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Byssine

BYS'SINE, adjective Made of silk.

Coles.

Byssolite

BYS'SOLITE, noun [Greek, fine flax, and, stone; so called from its resemblance to moss.]

A rare mineral, occurring in very delicate filaments, short, flexible and elastic. Their color is olive green, or brownish yellow, and their luster a little silky. Jameson places byssolite under actinolite; HaÃƒ-¼y arranges it under amianthoid.

Hausman. Saussure. Cleaveland.

Byssus

BYS'SUS, noun [Latin byssus; Greek, fine linen, or cotton.]

The absestus, composed of parallel fibers, is by some called by this name.

Nicholson.

Byzant

BYZ'ANT, or BYZ'ANTINE, noun [from Byzantium.] A gold coin of the value of fifteen pounds sterling, so called from being coined at Byzantium. Also, a piece of gold offered by the king on certain festivals.

Johnson. Camden. Ash.

Byzantine

BYZAN'TINE, or BYZAN'TIAN, adjective Pertaining to Byzantium, an ancient city of Thrace situated on the Bosporus. In the year 330, Constantine the Great took possession of Byzantium, enlarged and embellished it, and changed its name to Constantinople.

D'Anville. Encyc.

C

C

C, the third letter in the English alphabet, and the second articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corresponding in sound with the Greek x, kappa, and with the Hebrews 100aph. It bears a middle place in pronunciation, between the aspirate, and the palatal. It is a Roman character, borrowed from the Greek x, or from the oriental, which was used in languages written from right to left, and when inverted and the corners rounded, becomes C. In the old Etruscan, it was written O, with the corners rounded, but not inverted; in Arcadian, C, as now written. That its sound in Latin was the same, or nearly the same, as that of kappa, may be known from the fact, that the Greeks, while the Latin was a living language, wrote kappa for the Roman C. Perhaps the same character may be the basis of the Arabic.

As an abbreviature, C stands for Caius, Carolus, Caesar, condemno, &c., and CC for consulibus. As a numeral C stands for 100; CC for 200; &c. In music, C after the cliff, is the mark of common time.

Encyc.

In English, C has two sounds, or rather it represents two very different articulations of the organs; one close, like K, which occurs before a, o and u; the other, a sibilant, precisely like s, which occurs before e, i and y. The former is distinguished in this vocabulary by C, which may be called ke. In Russian C is precisely the English s, as it was in the old Greek alphabet.

Cab

CAB, noun [Hebrew Chaldee kab.] An oriental dry measure, being the sixth part of a seah or satum, and the eighteenth of an ephah; containing two pints and five sixths English and American corn measure.

Cabal

CABAL', noun [French cabale, a club, society or combination; Italian cabala, knowledge of secret things; Spanish cabala, secret science; cabal, perfect, just, exact; Hebrew to take, receive, accept; Chaldee to cry out, to bawl; also to take or receive; also to be dark, to obscure; Syriac to accuse, oppose, or censure, to cavil; Ethiopic to accept, to pour out; Samaritan to accept, and to darken; Arabic to admit or accept, as agreeable; to come; to be surety; to give bail. See Class Bl. This word seems to include the significations of several biliteral roots. Qu. Welsh cafael, to get or obtain; or gavaelu, to hold. The primary sense of the root seems to be to catch or seize by rushing on, or in general, to press, to drive; hence the sense of collection, combination and accusation.]

1. A number of persons united in some close design; usually to promote their private views in church or state by intrigue. A junto. It is sometimes synonymous with faction, but a cabal usually consists of fewer men than a party, and the word generally implies close union and secret intrigues. This name was given to the ministry of Charles II., Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the initials of whose names compose the word.

2. Intrigue; secret artifices of a few men united in a close design.

Dryden.

Cabal

CABAL', or CAB'ALA, noun [See the preceding word. It is from the sense of reception.]

Tradition, or a mysterious kind of science among Jewish Rabbins, pretended to have been delivered to the ancient Jews by revelation, and transmitted by oral tradition; serving for the interpretation of difficult passages of scripture. This science consists chiefly in understanding the combination of certain letters, words and numbers, which are alledged to be significant. Every letter, word, number and accent of the law is supposed to contain a mystery, and the cabalists pretend even to foretell future events by the study of this science.

Encyc. Buck.

Cabal

CABAL', verb intransitive To unite in a small party to promote private views by intrigue; to intrigue; to unite in secret artifices to effect some design.

Dryden.

Cabalism

CAB'ALISM, noun The secret science of the cabalists.

Cabalist

CAB'ALIST, noun A Jewish doctor who professes the study of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions.

2. In French commerce, a factor or agent.

Encyc.

Cabalistic

CABALIST'IC, or CABALIST'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the cabala, or mysterious science of Jewish traditions; containing an occult meaning.

Cabalistically

CABALIST'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of the cabalists.

Herbert.

Cabalize

CAB'ALIZE, verb intransitive To use the manner or language of the cabalists. [Not much used.]

Caballer

CABAL'LER, noun One who unites with others in close designs to effect an object by intrigue; one who cabals.

Caballine

CAB'ALLINE, adjective [Latin caballinus, from caballus, a horse; Russian kobila, kobiela, a mare; Irish capall; French cheval, a horse; cavale, a mare; Italian cavallo; Spanish caballo.]

Pertaining to a horse; as caballine aloes, so called from its being given to horses as a purge.

Encyc.

Caballing

CABAL'LING, participle of the present tense Uniting in a cabal; intriguing in a small party.

Cabaret

CAB'ARET, noun [French allied probably to cabin.]

A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.

Bramhall.

Cabbage

CAB'BAGE, noun [Italian cappuccio; Cornish kavatsh; Irish gabaisde, gabaiste. This word is probably from the root of caput, a head; Italian capuccio, a head; Spanish cabeza; French caboche, a head. Hence Dutch kabuis-kool, head-cole, or headed-cole. In French choux-cabus, is cabbage-headed, or cabbage-head. See Cap, Cope.]

A genus of plants, called in botany Brassica, of several species; some of which are cultivated for food. The leaves are large and fleshy, the pods long and slender, and the seeds globular. The kinds most cultivated are the common cabbage, called with us the drum-head, the Savoy, the broccoli, the cauliflower, the sugar-loaf, and the cole-wort.

Dog's cabbage, a name given to the Thelygonum cynocrambe.

Fam. of Plants.

Sea-cabbage, noun The sea-beach kale, or seacolewort, a genus of plants, called crambe. They are herbaceous esculents, with perennial roots, producing large leaves like those of cabbage, spreading on the ground.

Encyc.

Cabbage

CAB'BAGE, verb intransitive To form a head in growing; as, a plant cabbages.

Johnson.

Cabbage

CAB'BAGE, verb transitive [Dutch kabassen, to steal; kabas, a hand basket; Old French cabasser.]

To purloin or embezzle, as pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment.

Arbuthnot.

Cabbage-Net

CAB'BAGE-NET, noun A small net to boil cabbage in.

Shenstone.

Cabbage-Tree

CAB'BAGE-TREE, noun The cabbage-palm, a species of Areca, the oleracea, a native of warm climates. This tree grows with a straight stem to the highth of 170 or 200 feet. Its branches grow in a circular manner, and the lowermost ones spread horizontally with great regularity. The fibers of the leaves are used for making cordage and nets. On the top grows a substance called cabbage, lying in thin, snow-white, brittle flakes, in taste resembling an almond, but sweeter. This is boiled and eaten with flesh, like other vegetables. When this is cut out, the tree is destroyed.

Encyc.

Cabbage-Worm

CAB'BAGE-WORM, noun An insect.

Johnson.

Cabiai

CAB'IAI, noun An animal of South America resembling a hog, living on the margins of lakes and rivers, and feeding on fish. It is a species of Cavy, called also thicknosed tapir.

Dict. of Nat. Hist. Encyc.

Cabin

CAB'IN, noun [French cabane, a cabin, a cottage; caban, a cloke; Italian capanna, a cottage; Spanish and Portugese cabana, a hut or cottage; Irish caban; Welsh caban, from cab, a hut, cot, or booth made in the form of a cone, with rods set in the ground, and tied at the top; Greek, from, a stable or inclosed place.]

1. A small room; an inclosed place.

Spenser.

2. A cottage; a hut, or small house.

Swift.

3. A tent; a shed; any covered place for a temporary residence.

Fairfax.

4. An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers. In large ships there are several cabins, the principal of which is occupied by the commander. In small vessels, there is one cabin in the stern for the accommodation of the officers and passengers. The bed-places in ships are also called cabins.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Cabin

CAB'IN, verb intransitive To live in a cabin; to lodge.

Shak.

Cabin

CAB'IN, verb transitive To confine in a cabin.

Shak.

Cabin-Boy

CAB'IN-BOY, noun A boy whose duty is to wait on the officers and passengers on board of a ship.

Cabined

CAB'INED, participle passive Inclosed; covered.

Milton.

Cabinet

CAB'INET, noun [French cabinet; Italian gabinetto; Spanish gabinete. See Cabin.]

1. A closet; a small room, or retired apartment.

Bacon.

2. A private room, in which consultations are held.

Dryden.

3. The select or secret council of a prince or executive government; so called from the apartment in which it was originally held.

Encyc.

4. A piece of furniture, consisting of a chest or box, with drawers and doors. A private box.

Swift.

5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for safe keeping.

Taylor.

6. A hut; a cottage; a small house. Obs.

Spenser.

Cabinet

CAB'INET, verb transitive To inclose. [Little used.]

Howel.

Cabinet-Council

CAB'INET-COUNCIL, noun A council held with privacy; the confidential council of a prince or executive magistrate.

Bacon.

2. The members of a privy council; a select number of confidential counselors.

Gay.

Cabineted

CAB'INETED, participle passive Inclosed in a private apartment, or in a cabinet.

Cabinet-Maker

CAB'INET-MAKER, noun A man whose occupation is to make cabinets, tables, bureaus, bed-steads, and other similar furniture.

Cabin-Mate

CAB'IN-MATE, noun One who occupies the same cabin with another.

Beaum.

Cabirean

CABIRE'AN, noun [See the words below.] One of the Cabiri.

Faber.

Cabirian

CABIR'IAN, or CABIR'IC, or CABIRIT'IC, adjective [Oriental to be strong or powerful, to be great; whence it signifies man, a lord, and in some languages, a giant. It is common to all the Shemitic dialects. Perhaps Latin vir, with a prefix.]

Pertaining to the Cabiri, certain deities greatly venerated by the ancient Pagans, in Greece and Phenicia. The accounts of these deities are confused and contradictory. Some authors limit their number to four; some to three; others to two; while Sanchoniathon makes them to be eight. They were worshiped with particular honors in the isle of Samothrace; and their worship and mysteries are said to have been introduced into Greece by the Pelasgians. They were supposed to have a particular influence over the sea and maritime affairs.

In truth, the name which signifies great, or the mighty ones, seems to have been applied to the supposed beings that presided over the more striking operations of nature. Herod. ii. 51. Paus. ix. 25.

Bryant. Faber. Asiat. Researches.

Cable

CA'BLE, n. cÃƒ-¡bl. [Spanish French cable; Dutch Danish German kabel; Armoric chabl; Irish cabla or gabla; Russian kabala, a bond; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic a chain; as a verb, to tie or bind; or to tie or make fast, and a rope. If the first letter of the oriental word is a prefix, this coincides with bale, a package, that is, a tie.]

A large strong rope or chain, used to retain a vessel at anchor. It is made usually of hemp or iron, but may be made of other materials. Cables are of different sizes, according to the bulk of the vessel for which they are intended, from three to twenty inches in circumference. A cable is composed of three strands; each strand of three ropes; and each rope of three twists. A ship's cable is usually 120 fathom, or 720 feet, in length. Hence the expression, a cable's length.

Stream cable is a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas.

To pay out, or to veer out the cable, is to slacken it that it may run out of the ship.

To serve the cable, is to bind it round with ropes, canvas, &c., to prevent its being worn or galled in the hawse.

To slip the cable, is to let it run out end for end.

Mar. Dict.

Cabled

CA'BLED, adjective Fastened with a cable.

Dyer.

Cablet

CAB'LET, noun A little cable.

Mar. Dict.

Cable-Tier

CA'BLE-TIER, noun The place where the cables are coiled away.

Mar. Dict.

Caboched

CABO'CHED, or CABO'SHED, adjective In heraldry, having the head cut close, so as to have no neck left.

Dict.

Caboose

CABOOSE', noun [German kabuse, a little room or hut; Danish kabyse, a cook's room in a ship. Qu. Chaldee to hide or cover, or Hebrew Chaldee a kiln or furance. In Dutch, kombuis is an oven, furnace or cook's room.]

1. The cook-room or kitchen of a ship. In smaller vessels, it is an inclosed fire-place, hearth or stove for cooking, on the main deck. In a ship of war, the cook room is called a galley.

Mar. Dict.

2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship.

Encyc.

Cabos

CAB'OS, noun A species of eel-pout, about two feet long, whose flesh is well tasted.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Cabriole

CAB'RIOLE, or CAB'RIOLET, noun [French cabriolet, from cabriole, a goat-leap; Latin capra.]

A gig; a one horse chair, a light carriage.

Cabure

CAB'URE, noun A Brazilian bird of the owl kind, of the size of a thrush, of a beautiful umber color, spotted with white.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Caburns

CAB'URNS, noun Small lines made of spun yarn, to bind cables, seize tackles, and the like.

Encyc.

Cacao

CAC'AO, or CO'COA, noun The chocolate-tree, a species of the Theobroma, a native of the West Indies. This tree grows about twenty feet high, bearing pods which are oval and pointed. The nuts or seeds are numerous, and lodged in a white pithy substance.

Encyc.

Caccoons

CACCOONS', noun A plant called in botany Flevillea.

Encyc.

Cachalot

CACH'ALOT, noun A cetaceous fish, the physeter or spermaceti whale. The principal species are, the black headed with a dorsal fin, and the round-headed, without a fin on the back, and with a fistula in the snout. From this whale is obtained the spermaceti.

Encyc.

Cachectic

CACHEC'TIC, or CACHEC'TICAL, adjective [See Cachexy.] Having an ill habit of body; of a deranged or vitiated state of the body without fever.

Coxe.

Cachexy

CACHEX'Y, noun [Greek, from, ill, and, habit, from, to have.]

A vicious state of the powers of the body; a deranged state of the constitution, without fever or nervous disease.

Encyc. Coxe.

Cachinnation

CACHINNA'TION, noun [Latin cachinnatio.]

Loud laughter. [Little used.]

Cacholong

CACH'OLONG, noun [said to be from Cach, the name of a river in Bucharia, and cholon, a Calmuc word for stone.]

A variety of chalcedony, which is a subspecies of quartz, usually milk white, sometimes grayish or yellowish white; opake or slightly translucent at the edges. Its fracture is even, or conchoidal with large cavities, sometimes dull, sometimes pearly or glossy. It often envelops common chalcedony; the two minerals being united by insensible shades. It also associates with flint and semi-opal.

Cleaveland.

Cack

CACK, verb intransitive [Latin caco.] To ease the body by stool.

Pope.

Cackerel

CACK'EREL, noun [said to be from Latin caco.]

A fish which is said to void excrements when pursued. Others say, a fish which eaten produces lax bowels.

Skinner. Johnson.

Cackle

CACK'LE, verb intransitive [Dutch kaakelen, to chatter; German gackern, to cackle, to gaggle; Dutch gaggelen, to chatter; gaggle and giggle; Danish kagler, to cluck, as a hen; Spanish cacarear, to cackle or crow.]

1. To make a particular noise, as a goose or a hen.

Dryden. Shak.

2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a goose; to giggle, which is a word from the same root.

Arbuthnot.

3. To prate; to prattle; to tattle; to talk in a silly manner.

Johnson.

Cackle

CACK'LE, noun The broken noise of a goose or hen.

Dryden.

2. Idle talk; silly prattle.

Johnson.

Cackler

CACK'LER, noun A fowl that cackles.

2. A tell-tale; a tattler.

Johnson.

Cackling

CACK'LING, participle of the present tense Making the noise of a goose or hen.

Johnson.

Cackling

CACK'LING, noun The broken noise of a goose or hen. Rome was saved by the cackling of a goose.

Cacochymic

CACOCHYM'IC, or CACOCHYM'ICAL, adjective [See Cacochymy.] Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.

Encyc.

Cacochymy

CAC'OCHYMY, noun [Greek, of, ill, and, juice.]

A vicious state of the vital humors, especially of the blood, arising from a disorder of the secretions or excretions, or from contagion.

Encyc.

Cacodemon

CACODE'MON, noun [Greek, evil, and, a demon.] An evil spirit.

Shak.

Cacoethes

CACOE'THES, noun [Greek, vicious, and, manners.]

1. A bad custom or habit; a bad disposition.

2. In medicine, an incurable ulcer.

Coxe.

Cacophony

CACOPH'ONY, noun [Greek, ill, and, voice.]

1. In rhetoric, an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables.

Encyc.

2. In medicine, a depraved voice; an altered state of the voice.

Coxe. Encyc.

3. In music, a combination of discordant sounds.

Cadaver

CAD'AVER, noun [Latin] A corpse.

Cadaverous

CADAV'EROUS, adjective [Latin cadaver, a dead carcase.]

1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; wan; ghastly; as a cadaverous look.

2. Having the qualities of a dead body.

Arbuthnot.

Caddis

CAD'DIS, noun [Qu. Latin cadus, a cask.] A kind of tape or ribin.

Shak.

2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw.

Johnson.

Caddow

CAD'DOW, noun A chough; a jack daw.

Ray.

Caddy

CAD'DY, noun A small box for keeping tea.

Cade

CADE, adjective [Qu. Welsh cadw, to keep or guard; or Arabic to lead or govern, to be led, to be submissive.]

Tame; bred by hand; domesticated; as a cade lamb.

Cade

CADE, verb transitive To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to tame.

Cade

CADE, noun [Latin cadus; Greek, a cask; a purse or little cask; allied perhaps to Welsh cadw, to hold, to keep.]

A barrel or cask. A cade of herrings is the quantity of five hundred; of sprats, a thousand.

Encyc.

Cade-Oil

CA'DE-OIL, noun In the materia medica, an oil used in Germany and France, made of the fruit of the oxycedrus, called in those countries, cada.

Encyc.

Cade-Worm

CADE-WORM, noun The same as caddis.

Cadence

CA'DENCE, or CA'DENCY, noun [French cadence; Spanish Portugese cadencia; Latin cadens, from cado, to fall; Welsh cwyzaw; Cornish kodha; Armoric kuedha, or kueza; Irish cadam, cudaim; Italian cadere; Spanish caer; Portugese cahir; French cheoir.]

1. A fall; a decline; a state of sinking.

Milton.

2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, as at the end of a sentence; also, the falling of the voice in the general modulation of tones in reciting. In reading or speaking, a certain tone is taken, which is called the key, or key-note, on which most of the words are pronounced, and the fall of the voice below this tone is called cadence.

Encyc.

The ordinary cadence is a fall of the last syllable of a sentence only.

3. The general tone of reading verse. The cadence of one line must be a rule to that of the next; as the sound of the former must slide gently into that which follows.

Dryden.

4. Tone; sound; as, hoarse cadence.

Milton.

5. In music, repose; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose or on a perfect chord.

Encyc.

Also, the manner of closing a song; embellishment at the close.

Busby.

6. In horsemanship, an equal measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his motions.

Encyc.

7. In heraldry, the distinction of families.

Todd.

Cadence

CA'DENCE, verb transitive To regulate by musical measure.

Smith.

Cadenced

CA'DENCED, participle passive or adjective Having a particular cadence; as well cadenced music.

Rousseau.

Cadene

CADE'NE, noun A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant.

Encyc.

Cadent

CA'DENT, adjective [Latin cadens.] Falling down; sinking.

Johnson.

Cadenza

CADEN'ZA, noun [Italian See Cadence.] The fall or modulation of the voice in singing.

Cadet

CADET', noun [French cadet; Italian cadetto; Spanish cadete. In French properly the second son. Gebelin. But in general, the younger son or brother, or the youngest.]

1. The younger or youngest son.

Brown.

2. A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a private man, with a view to acquire military skill, and obtain a commission. His service is voluntary, but he receives pay, and thus is distinguished from a volunteer.

Encyc.

3. A young man, in a military school.

Cadew

CADEW', noun A straw worm. [See Caddis.]

Cadge

CADGE, verb transitive To carry a burden. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Cadger

CADG'ER, noun One who brings butter, eggs and poultry to the market, from the country; a huckster.

Johnson.

[I believe not used in the U. States.]

Cadi

CA'DI, noun [Arabic a governor, from to lead, rule or govern; guide. Hence Alcaide.]

In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs; usually the judge of a town or village, for the judge of a city or province is called Moula.

Encyc.

Cadillac

CADIL'LAC, noun A sort of pear.

Johnson.

Cadmean

CADME'AN, or CAD'MIAN, adjective Relating to Cadmus, a reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece, the sixteen simple letters of the alphabetÃ‚--,,,,,,,,. These are called Cadmean letters.

Bryant.

This personage may be a fabulous being, or if such a person ever existed, he may have been named from his knowledge of letters, for in the ancient Persian, kadeem signified language; Irish cuadham, to tell or relate; ceadach, talkative; ceadal, a story. Or he may have been named from his eminence or antiquity, kadam, to precede; Arabic, to excel; whence the sense of priority and antiquity; or his name may denote a man from the East.

Cadmia

CAD'MIA, noun An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides of furnaces where zink is sublimed, as in brass founderies. This substance is readily volatilized on charcoal, by the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, and it burns with the usual beautiful combustion of zink. Pulverized, mixed with charcoal powder, wrapped in sheet copper, and heated with the compound blowpipe, it readily forms brass.

Silliman.

Cadmium

CAD'MIUM, noun A metal discovered by M. Stromeyer, in 1817, in carbonate of zink, at Hanover. Its color is a fine white, with a shade of bluish gray, resembling that of tin. Its texture is compact, its fracture hackly, and it is susceptible of polish. It is ductile and malleable, and when fused, crystalizes in octahedrons. It melts below a red heat, and suffers no change in air.

Ure. Cleaveland.

Caduceus

CADU'CEUS, noun [Latin] In antiquity, Mercury's rod; a wand entwisted by two serpents, borne by Mercury as an ensign of quality and office. On medals, the Caduceus is a symbol of good conduct, peace and prosperity. The rod represents power; the serpents, wisdom; and the two wings, diligence and activity.

Encyc.

Caducity

CADU'CITY, noun [Latin caducus, from cado, to fall.] Tendency to fall. [Little used.]

Chesterfield.

Caducous

CADU'COUS, adjective [Latin supra.] In botany, falling early; as caducous leaves, which fall before the end of summer, A caducous calyx falls before the corol is well unfolded.

Martyn.

Caecias

CAE'CIAS, noun [Latin] A wind from the northeast, [and in Latin, according to Ainsworth, from the north-west.]

Milton.

Caesarian

CAESARIAN. [See Cesarian.]

Caesura

CAESURA. [See Cesura.]

Caffein

CAF'FEIN, noun A substance obtained from an infusion of unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin.

Ure.

Caftan

CAF'TAN, noun [Persic.] A Persian or Turkish vest or garment.

Johnson.

Cag

CAG, noun [French caque; Danish kag; allied probably to cage, that which holds.]

A small cask, or barrel, differing from the barrel only in size, and containing a few gallons, but not of any definite capacity. It is generally written Keg.

Cage

CAGE, noun [French cage; Dutch kouw and kooi. See Cag.]

1. A box or inclosure, made of boards, or with lattice work of wood, wicker or wire, for confining birds or beasts. For the confinement of the more strong and ferocious beasts, a cage is sometimes made of iron.

Encyc.

2. An inclosure made with pallisades for confining wild beasts.

Johnson.

3. A prison for petty criminals.

Johnson.

4. In carpentry, an outer work of timber, inclosing another within it; as the cage of a wind mill or of a stair case.

Encyc.

Cage

CAGE, verb transitive To confine in a cage; to shut up, or confine.

Donne.

Cagit

CA'GIT, noun A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Cagui

CAG'UI, noun A monkey of Brazil, of two species, one of them called the pongi, the other not more than six inches long. They are called also jacchus and oedipus.

Encyc. Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Caic

CAIC or CAIQUE, noun [French] A skiff belonging to a galley.

Caiman

CAIMAN. [See Cayman.]

Cairn

CAIRN, noun [Welsh, carn.] A heap of stones.

Caisson

CA'ISSON, or CAISSOON', noun [French from caisse, a chest. See Case.]

1. A wooden chest into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gunpowder, to be laid in the way of an enemy, or under some work of which the enemy intend to possess themselves, and to be fired when they get possession.

Encyc.

2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of the pier of a bridge.

Encyc.

3. An ammunition chest, or waggon.

Caitiff

CA'ITIFF, noun [Italian cattivo, a captive, a slave, a rascal; cattivare, to master, to enslave. This word is from the Latin captivus, a captive, from capio or capto, to take. The sense of knavery is from the natural connection between the degradation of a slave and vice.]

A mean villain; a despicable knave: it implies a mixture of wickedness and misery.

Johnson.

Cajeput

CAJ'EPUT, noun An oil from the East Indies, resembling that of cardamoms, obtained from the Melaleuca leucodendron.

Encyc.

Cajole

CAJO'LE, verb transitive [French cajoler, enjoler; Armoric cangeoli. See Gull.]

To flatter; to soothe; to coax; to deceive or delude by flattery.

Hudibras.

Cajoler

CAJO'LER, noun A flatterer; a wheedler.

Cajolery

CAJO'LERY, noun Flattery; a wheedling to delude.

Burke.

Cjoling

CJO'LING, participle of the present tense Flattering; wheedling; deceiving.

Cajota

CAJO'TA, noun A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a dog.

Clavigero.

Cake

CAKE, noun [Dutch koek; German kuchen; Danish kage;

Swedish kaka; Chaldee; Pers.; Syriac

. The sense seems to be, a mass or lump.]

1. A small mass of dough baked; or a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, baked in a small mass. The name is applied to various compositions, baked or cooked in different shapes.

2. Something in the form of a cake, rather flat than high, but roundish; as a cake on a tree.

Bacon.

3. A mass of matter concreted; as a cake of ice.

Dryden.

In New England, a piece of floating ice in a river or lake.

4. A hard swelling on the flesh; or rather a concretion without such swelling.

Cake

CAKE, verb transitive To form into a cake or mass.

Cake

CAKE, verb intransitive To concrete, or form into a hard mass, as dough in an oven, or as flesh or any other substance.

Addison.

Cake

CAKE, verb intransitive To cackle. [Not used.]

Ray.

Calabash

CAL'ABASH, noun [Spanish calabaza, a pumpkin, a gourd, a calabash; Portugese calabaÃƒ-§a. Qu. Greek, a water-pot or pitcher.]

1. A vessel made of a dried gourd-shell or of the shell of a calabash tree, used for containing liquors, or goods, as pitch, rosin and the like.

Encyc.

2. A popular name of the gourd-plant, or Cucurbita.

Fam. of Plants.

Calabash-Tree

CAL'ABASH-TREE, noun A tree of two species, known in botany by the generic name Crescentia. The cujete has narrow leaves, but a large round or oval fruit. The latifolia has broad leaves. The shell of the fruit is used for cups, bowls, dishes and other utensils.

Encyc.

Calade

CALA'DE, noun The slope or declivity of a rising manege-ground.

Encyc.

Calaite

CALA'ITE, noun A name given to the turquois; which see.

Calamanco

CALAMANC'O, noun [French callimanque, calmande; Dutch kalmink; German kalmank; Spanish calamaco. Qu. Spanish maca, a spot.]

A woolen stuff, of a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp.

Encyc.

Calamar

CAL'AMAR, noun [Spanish id.; Italian calamaia, an ink-horn, and this animal.]

An animal, having an oblong body and ten legs. On the belly are two bladders containing a black fluid, which the animal emits when pursued. It is called also sea-sleeve and cuttle-fish.

Spanish Dict. Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Calambac

CAL'AMBAC, noun [Spanish calambuco.] Aloeswood, xyloe-aloes, a drug, which is the product of a tree growing in China and some of the Indian isles. It is of a light spungy texture, very porous, and the pores so filled with a soft fragrant resin, that it may be indented by the fingers and chewed like mastich. It is also called tambac. The two coarser kinds are called lignum aloes, and calambour.

Encyc.

Calambour

CAL'AMBOUR, noun A species of the aloeswood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac. This wood is used by cabinet-makers and inlayers.

Encyc.

Calamiferous

CALAMIF'EROUS, adjective [calamus and fero.] Producing plants having a long, hollow, knotted stem.

Chambers.

Calamine

CAL'AMINE, or CAL'AMIN, noun Lapis calaminaris, or cadmia fossilis; an ore of zink, much used in the composition of brass. This term is applied both to the siliceous oxyd and the native carbonate of zink. They can scarcely be distinguished by their external characters. They are generally compact, often stalactitic, and sometimes crystalized. Most of the calamines of England and Scotland are said to be carbonates.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Calamint

CAL'AMINT, noun [Latin calamintha; Greek; mentha, menta, mint.]

A plant, a species of Melissa, or baum, an aromatic plant, and a weak corroborant.

Encyc.

Water-calamint is a species of Mentha, or mint.

Calamistrate

CAL'AMISTRATE, verb transitive To curl or frizzle the hair. [Not used.]

Cotgrave.

Calamistration

CALAMISTRA'TION, noun The act of curling the hair. [Not used.]

Calamit

CAL'AMIT, noun [Latin calamus, a reed.] A mineral, probably a variety of Tremolite. It occurs in imperfect or rounded prismatic crystals, longitudinally striated, and sometimes resembling a reed. Its structure is foliated; its luster vitreous, and more or less shining.

Cleaveland. Werner.

Calamitous

CALAM'ITOUS, adjective [French calamiteux. See Calamity.]

1. Very miserable; involved in deep distress; oppressed with infelicity; wretched from misfortune; applied to men.

Johnson. Calamy.

2. Producing distress and misery; making wretched; applied to external circumstances; as a calamitous event.

Milton.

3. Full of misery; distressful; wretched; applied to state or condition.

South.

Calamitously

CALAM'ITOUSLY, adverb In a manner to bring great distress.

Calamitousness

CALAM'ITOUSNESS, noun Deep distress; wretchedness; misery; the quality of producing misery.

Calamity

CALAM'ITY, noun [Latin calamitas. Qu. Arabic kalama, to wound; Hebrew Chaldee to make ashamed. Under this root, the Syriac has calamity. The sense of the verb is, to strike, to beat down. But the origin of the word is uncertain.]

Any great misfortune, or cause of misery; generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evils, as loss of crops, earthquakes, conflagrations, defeat of armies, and the like. But it is applied also to the misfortunes which bring great distress upon individuals.

Milton. Prior.

The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.

Burke.

Calamus

CAL'AMUS, noun [Latin from Greek, a stalk or stem, a reed, stubble; Ethiopic and Arabic calamus scriptorius, a writing reed or pen. The verb in Arabic signifies to cut or pare. But qu., for it would seem to be allied to culmus.]

1. The generic name of the Indian cane, called also rotang. It is without branches, has a crown at the top, and is beset with spines.

Encyc.

2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk.

Encyc.

3. A rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parchment or papyrus.

Encyc.

4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. It is a knotty root, reddish without and white within, and filled with a spungy substance. It has an aromatic smell.

Brown. Calmet.

5. The sweet flag, called by Linne Acorus.

Encyc.

Calandra

CALAN'DRA, noun A species of lark, with a thick bill, the upper part of the body of a reddish brown, spotted with black, with a body thicker than the sky-lark.

Pennant.

Calandre

CALAN'DRE, or CAL'ANDER, noun The French name of a species of insect of the beetle kind, very destructive in granaries.

Encyc.

Calangay

CALAN'GAY, noun A species of white parrot.

Ash.

Calash

CALASH', noun [French caleche; Dutch kales; Spanish calesa; Russian koliaska.]

1. A light chariot or carriage with very low wheels, used for taking the air in parks and gardens. It is open, or covered with mantlets of cloth, that are let down at pleasure.

Encyc.

2. A cover for the head sometimes used by ladies.

Calcar

CALC'AR, noun In glass works, a kind of oven, or reverberating furnace, used for the calcination of sand and salt of potash, and converting them into frit.

Encyc.

Calcarate

CALC'ARATE, adjective [Latin calcar, a spur; calx, the heel; Irish calg, a sting or goad.]

Furnished with a spur; as a calcarate corol, in larkspur; a calcarate nectary, a nectary resembling a cock's spur.

Martyn.

Calcario-Sulphurous

CALCA'RIO-SUL'PHUROUS, adjective [See Calx and Sulphur.]

Having lime and sulphur in combination, or partaking of both.

Kirwan.

Calcarious

CALCA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin calcarius. See Calx.] Partaking of the nature of lime; having the qualities of lime; as calcarious earth or stone.

Encyc. Kirwan.

Calcavalla

CALCAVAL'LA, noun A kind of sweet wine from Portugal.

Mason.

Calceated

CAL'CEATED, adjective [Latin calceatus, from calceus, a shoe.]

Shod; fitted with or wearing shoes.

Johnson.

Calcedon

CAL'CEDON, noun [See Chalcedony.] With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.

Ash.

Calcedonic

CALCEDON'IC, or CALCEDO'NIAN, adjective [See Chalcedony.]

Pertaining to or resembling chalcedony.

Encyc. Kirwan.

Calcedony

CALCEDONY, See Chalcedony, the more correct orthography.

Calciferous

CALCIF'EROUS, adjective [of calx, lime, and fero, to produce.] Producing calx or lime.

Calciform

CAL'CIFORM, adjective [of calx, lime, and forma, form.] In the form of calx.

Calcimurite

CALCIMU'RITE, noun [of calx, lime, and muria, salt water.]

A species of earth, of the muriatic genus, of a blue or olive green color, of the consistence of clay. It consists of calcarious earth and magnesia tinged with iron.

Kirwan.

Calcinable

CALCI'NABLE, adjective [See Calcine.] That may be calcined; capable of being reduced to a friable state by the action of fire.

Encyc.

Calcinate

CAL'CINATE, verb transitive To calcine. [See Calcine.]

Bacon.

Calcination

CALCINA'TION, noun [from calcine.] The operation of expelling from a substance by heat, some volatile matter with which it is combined, or which is the cementing principle, and thus reducing it to a friable state. Thus chalk and carbonate of lime are reduced to lime by calcination, or the expulsion of carbonic acid.

2. The operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx. This in modern chimistry is called oxydation.

Calcinatory

CAL'CINATORY, noun A vessel used in calcination.

Calcine

CAL'CINE, verb transitive [French calciner; Italian calcinare; Spanish calcinar; from calx. See Calx.]

1. To reduce a substance to a powder or to a friable state, by the action of heat; or to expel from a substance some volatile matter, combined with it, or forming its cementing principle, as the carbonic acid from limestone, or the water of crystalization from salts.

2. To oxydize, as a metal; to reduce to a metallic calx.

3. To dissolve; to destroy the principles which ?.

Denham.

Calcine

CAL'CINE, verb intransitive To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat.

Newton.

Calcium

CAL'CIUM, noun [from Latin calx.] The metallic basis of lime.

Davy.

Calcographical

CALCOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [See Calcography.] Pertaining to calcography.

Calcography

CALCOG'RAPHY, noun [Latin calx, chalk, and Greek, to engrave.] An engraving in the likeness of chalk.

Calc-Sinter

CALC-SINTER, noun Stalactitic carbonate of lime.

Ure.

Calc-Tuff

CALC-TUFF, noun An alluvial formation of carbonate of lime.

Ure.

Calc-Ulable

CALC-ULABLE, adjective [See Calculate.] That may be calculated, or ascertained by calculation.

Calculary

CALC'ULARY, noun [Latin calculus, a pebble.] A congeries of little stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap.

Encyc.

Calculate

CALC'ULATE, verb transitive [French calculer; Italian calculare; Spanish calcular; Latin calculo; from calculus, a pebble. Arabic Syriac gravel.]

To compute; to reckon; to add, subtract, multiply or divide any sums, for the purpose of finding the amount, difference, or other result. Thus, to calculate the expenses of erecting a house, is to estimate and add together the several sums which each part of the materials and the work will cost.

2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers; as, to calculate an eclipse.

3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as logarithms, ephemerides, &c.

4. To compute the situation of the planets at a certain time, for astrological purposes; as, to calculate the birth of a person.

Shak.

5. To adjust by computation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the means to the end; as, to calculate a system of laws for a free people.

Religion is calculated for our benefit.

Tillotson.

Calculate

CALC'ULATE, verb intransitive To make a computation; as, we calculate better for ourselves than for others.

In popular use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose, that is, to make arrangements, and form a plan; as, a man calculates to go a journey. This use of the word springs from the practice of computing or estimating the various circumstances which concur to influence the mind in forming its determinations.

Calculated

CALC'ULATED, participle passive Computed; reckoned; suited; adapted by design.

Calculating

CALC'ULATING, participle of the present tense Computing; reckoning; adapting by design; adjusting.

Calculation

CALCULA'TION, noun The art, practice or manner of computing by numbers. The use of numbers, by addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, for the purpose of arriving at a certain result. Thus computations in astronomy and geometry for making tables of numbers are called calculations.

Encyc.

2. The result of an arithmetical operation; computation; reckoning.

Hooker.

3. Estimate formed in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and facts which influence its determination.

Calculative

CALC'ULATIVE, adjective Pertaining to calculation; tending to calculate.

Burke.

Calculator

CALC'ULATOR, noun One who computes or reckons; one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.

Calculatory

CALC'ULATORY, adjective Belonging to calculation.

Johnson.

Calcule

CALC'ULE, noun Reckoning; computation. Obs.

Howel.

Calculous

CALC'ULOUS, adjective [Supra.] Stony; gritty; hard like stone; as a calculous concretion

Brown.

2. Affected with the gravel or stone; as a calculous person.

Sharp.

Calculus

CALC'ULUS, noun [Latin See Calculate.] The stone in the bladder or kidneys. The calculus in the bladder is called lithiasis; in the kidneys, nephritis.

Encyc.

2. In mathematics; Differential calculus, is the arithmetic of the infinitely small differences of variable quantities; the method of differencing quantities, or of finding an infinitely small quantity, which, being taken infinite times, shall be equal to a given quantity. This coincides with the doctrine of fluxions.

Encyc.

3. Exponential calculus, is a method of differencing exponential quantities; or of finding and summing up the differentials or moments of exponential quantities; or at least of bringing them to geometrical constructions.

Encyc.

4. Integral calculus, is a method of integrating or summing up moments or differential quantities; the inverse of the differential calculus.

Encyc.

5. Literal calculus, is specious arithmetic or algebra.

Encyc.

Caldron

CALDRON, n. cawl'dron. [Old French chauldron, now chaudron; Basque, galda, to heat; galdarea, a great kettle; Italian caldaia, or caldaro, a caldron; caldo, heat and hot; Spanish calda, heat; caldear, to heat, to weld iron; caldera, a caldron; Portugese caldeira, a caldron; Latin caldarium, id; calda, hot water;

calidus, hot; from caleo, to be hot. This is from the root of scald.]

A large kettle or boiler, of copper, or other metal, furnished with a movable handle or bail, with which to hang it on a chimney hook.

Addison.

Caleche

CALECHE, [See Calash.]

Caledonian

CALEDO'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Caledonia, an ancient name of Scotland. The termination ia, signifies a country, and was added by the Romans. Caledon signifies probably, the hill or town of the Gaels, or Caels, the primitive inhabitants.]

Caledonian

CALEDO'NIAN, noun A native of Caledonia, now Scotland.

Calefacient

CALEFA'CIENT, adjective [See Calefaction, Calefy.] Warming; heating.

Calefacient

CALEFA'CIENT, noun That which warms or heats.

Calefaction

CALEFAC'TION, noun [Latin calefactio, from calefacio, to make warm. See Calefy.]

The act or operation of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by the communication of heat from other bodies.

Encyc.

2. The state of being heated.

Johnson.

Calefactive

CALEFAC'TIVE, or CALEFAC'TORY, adjective [See Calefaction.] That makes warm or hot; that communicates heat.

Calefy

CAL'EFY, verb intransitive [Latin calefio, to become warm, or hot; from caleo and fio or facio.]

To grow hot or warm; to be heated.

Brown.

Calefy

CAL'EFY, verb transitive To make warm or hot.

Johnson.

Calendar

CAL'ENDAR, noun [Latin calendarium, an account book. See Calends.]

1. A register of the year, in which the months, weeks, and days are set down in order, with the feasts observed by the church, &c.; an almanack. It was so named from the Roman Calendoe, the name given to the first day of the month, and written, in large letters, at the head of each month. [See Calends.]

Encyc.

2. A list of prisoners in the custody of the sheriff.

Eng.

3. An orderly table or enumeration of persons or things.

Encyc.

Calendar-month, a solar month as it stands in Almanacks.

Calendar

CAL'ENDAR, verb transitive To enter or write in a calendar.

Calender

CAL'ENDER, verb transitive [French calendrer; Spanish calentar, to heat, to urge or press forward; from caleo, to be hot.]

To press between rollers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy and wavy; as woolen and silk stuffs and linens.

Calender

CAL'ENDER, noun A machine or hot press, used in manufactories to press cloths, for the purpose of making them smooth, oven and glossy, laying the nap, watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two thick rollers or cylinders, placed between boards or planks, the lower one being fixed, the upper one movable, and loaded with a great weight.

Encyc.

Calendrer

CAL'ENDRER, noun The person who calenders cloth.

Calends

CAL'ENDS, n. plu. [Latin calendoe, from calo, Greek, to call. See Call.]

Among the Romans, the first day of each month. The origin of this name is differently related. Varro supposes it to have originated in the practice of notifying the time of the new moon, by a priest who called out or proclaimed the fact, to the people, and the number of the calends, or the day of the nones. Others alledge that the people being convened, the pontifex proclaimed the several feasts or holidays in the month; a custom which was discontinued in the year of Rome 450, when the fasti or calendar was set up in public places, to give notice of the festivals.

Encyc. Adam's Rom. Ant.

Calenture

CAL'ENTURE, noun [Spanish calentura, heat, a fever with irregular pulse; calentar, to heat; from Latin caleo, to be hot. Russian kalyu, to heat, to make red or red hot.]

A violent ardent fever, incident to persons in hot climates, especially natives of cooler climates. It is attended with delirium, and one of the symptoms is, that the person affected imagines the sea to be a green field, and sometimes attempting to walk in it, is lost.

Encyc. Coxe.

Calf

C`ALF, n. c`aff, plu. calves, pron. c`avz. [Saxon cealf; Swedish kalf; Danish kalv; Dutch kalf; and the verb kalven, to calve to vomit; German kalb; kalben. The primary sense is issue, from throwing out. Hence the word is applied to the protuberant part of the leg, a push, a swell.]

1. The young of the cow, or of the bovine genus of quadrupeds.

2. In contempt, a dolt; an ignorant, stupid person; a weak or cowardly man.

Drayton.

3. The thick fleshy part of the leg behind; so called from its protaberance.

Wiseman.

4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify the pure offerings of prayer, praise and thanks-giving.

Brown.

Calf-Like

C`ALF-LIKE, adjective Resembling a calf.

Shak.

Calf-Skin

C`ALF-SKIN, noun The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.

Caliber

CAL'IBER, noun [French and Spanish calibre.]

1. The diameter of a body; as the caliber of a column, or of a bullet.

Encyc.

2. The bore of a gun, or the extent of its bore.

Caliber-compasses, calibers, or callipers, a sort of compasses made with arched legs, to take the diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot, &c. The legs move on an arch of brass, on which are marked the inches and half inches, to show how far the points of the compasses are opened asunder.

Encyc.

Caliber-rule, Gunner's Callipers, an instrument in which a right line is so divided as that the first part being equal to the diameter of an iron or leaden ball of one pound weight, the other parts are to the first as the diameters of balls of two, three, four, &c. pounds, are to the diameter of a ball of one pound. It is used by engineers, to determine, from a ball's weight, its diameter or caliber and vice versa.

Encyc.

Calice

CAL'ICE, noun [Latin calix; French calice; Saxon calic, a cup; Greek. It is usually written chalice; but incorrectly.]

A cup; appropriately, a communion cup, or vessel used to administer the wine in the sacrament of the Lord's supper. It is used by the Roman Catholics in the mass.

Calico

CAL'ICO, noun [said to be from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. In England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico

In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, having not more than two colors. I have never heard this name given to the unprinted cloth. Calico was originally imported from India, but is now manufactured in Europe and the United States.

Calico-Printer

CAL'ICO-PRINTER, noun One whose occupation is to print calicoes.

Calid

CAL'ID, adjective [Latin calidus, from caleo, to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent.

Johnson.

Calidity

CALID'ITY, noun Heat.

Brown.

Caliduct

CAL'IDUCT, noun [Latin caleo, to be hot, calor, heat, and duco, to lead.]

Among the Ancients, a pipe or canal used to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a house.

Calif

CA'LIF, noun written also caliph and kalif. [from Arabic calafa, to succeed. Hence a calif is a successor, a title given to the successors of Mohammed.]

A successor or vicar; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same relation to him as the Pope pretends to bear to St. Peter. Among the Saracens, or Mohammedans, a calif is one who is vested with supreme dignity and power in all matters relating to religion and civil policy. This title is borne by the Grand Signior in Turkey, and by the Sophi of Persia.

Encyc.

Califate

CA'LIFATE, or CA'LIPHATE, or KA'LIFATE, noun The office or dignity of a calif; or the government of a calif.

Harris.

Caligation

CALIGA'TION, noun [Latin caligatio, dimness, from caligo, to be dark.] Darkness; dimness; cloudiness.

In medical authors, caligation or caligo, is an opakeness or cloudiness of the anterior surface of the crystaline lens, causing dimness of sight; impaired sight from obstruction to the passage of light, or cataract.

Coxe. Encyc.

Caliginous

CALIG'INOUS, adjective Dim; obscure; dark.

Caliginousness

CALIG'INOUSNESS, noun Dimness; obscurity.

Caligraphic

CALIGRAPH'IC, adjective [Infra.] Pertaining to elegant penmanship.

Warton.

Caligraphy

CALIG'RAPHY, or CALLIG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, fair, and, to write;.]

Fair or elegant writing, or penmanship.

Prideaux.

Calin

CA'LIN, noun A compound metal, of which the Chinese make tea canisters and the like. The ingredients seem to be lead and tin.

Encyc.

Caliver

CAL'IVER, noun [from caliber.] A kind of handgun, musket or arquebuse.

Shak.

Calix

CA'LIX, noun [Latin calix; Greek.]

1. A cup.

2. The membrane which covers the papillae in the pelvis of the human kidney.

Coxe.

But it seems to be erroneously used for calyx, which see.

Calk

CALK, v. t. cauk. [Qu. the connection of this word with the Spanish calafetear; Italian calafatare; Portugese calafetar; Armoric calefeti; French calfater, to smear with cement or mortar; Arabic kalafa, to stop the seams of ships with fine moss, &c., and pay them over with pitch; Samaritan id. It may be corrupted from this word; if not, it may be from the Danish kalk, calx, lime or mortar; but this seems not probable. The Germans and

Danes have borrowed the Spanish and French word to express the idea. Skinner deduces the word from French calage, tow.]

1. To drive oakum or old ropes untwisted, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to prevent their leaking, or admitting water. After the seams are filled, they are covered with hot melted pitch or rosin, to keep the oakum from rotting.

2. In some parts of America, to set upon a horse or ox shoes armed with sharp points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice; that is, to stop from slipping.

Calk

CALK, n. cauk. In New-Eugland, a sharp pointed piece of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called in Great Britain calkin; used to prevent the animal from slipping.

Calker

CALK'ER, n. cauk'er. A man who calks; sometimes perhaps a calk or pointed iron on a horse-shoe.

Calked

CALK'ED, pp. cauk'ed. Having the seams stopped; furnished with shoes with iron points.

Calkin

CALK'IN, noun A calk.

Calking

CALK'ING, ppr. cauk'ing. Stopping the seams of a ship; putting on shoes with iron points.

Calking

CALK'ING, n. cauk'ing. In painting, the covering of the back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and tracing lines through on a waxed plate or wall or other matter, by passing lightly over each stroke of the design with a point, which leaves an impression of the color on the plate or wall.

Chambers.

Calking-Iron

CALK'ING-IRON, n. cauk'ing-iron. An instrument like a chisel, used in calking ships.

Call

CALL, verb transitive [Latin calo; Greek; Swedish kalla; Danish kalder; Welsh galw, to call; Dutch kallen, to talk; Chaldee in Aph. to call, to thunder; Hebrew to hold or restrain, which is the Greek, Latin caula; Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic to hold, or restrain; Arabic to keep; Latin celo. The primary sense is to press, drive or strain. We find the like elements and signification in Saxon giellan, or gyllan, to yell; Danish galer, to crow. Class Gl. The Welsh galw is connected in origin with gallu, to be able, to have power, may, can, could, the root of gallant, Latin gallus, &c.]

In a general sense, to drive; to strain or force out sound. Hence,

1. To name; to denominate or give a name.

And God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Genesis 1.

2. To convoke; to summon; to direct or order to meet; to assemble by order or public notice; often with together; as, the king called his council together; the president called together the congress.

3. To request to meet or come.

He sent his servants to call them that were bidden. Matthew 22.

4. To invite.

Because I have called and ye refused. Proverbs 1.

5. To invite or summon to come or be present; to invite, or collect.

Call all your senses to you.

6. To give notice to come by authority; to command to come; as, call a servant.

7. To proclaim; to name, or publish the name.

Nor parish clerk, who calls the psalm so clear.

Gay.

8. To appoint or designate, as for an office, duty or employment.

See, I have called by name Bezaleel. Exodus 31.

Paul called to be an apostle. Romans 1.

9. To invite; to warn; to exhort. Isaiah 22:12.

Cruden.

10. To invite; or draw into union with Christ; to bring to know, believe and obey the gospel. Romans 8:28.

11. To own and acknowledge. Hebrews 2, 11.

12. To invoke or appeal to.

I call God for a record. 2 Corinthians 1.

13. To esteem or account. Isaiah 58:5. Matthew 3:15.

To call down, to invite, or to bring down.

To call back, to revoke, or retract; to recall; to summon or bring back.

To call for, to demand, require or claim, as a crime calls for punishment; or to cause to grow. Ezekiel 36. Also, to speak for; to ask; to request; as, to call for a dinner.

To call in, to collect, as to call in debts or money; or to draw from circulation, as to call in clipped coin; or to summon together; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors or friends.

To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind.

To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment.

To call up, to bring into view or recollection; as, to call up the image of a deceased friend; also, to bring into action, or discussion; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.

To call over, to read a list, name by name; to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names.

To call out, to summon to fight; to challenge; also, to summon into service; as, to call out the militia.

To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory.

Call

CALL, verb intransitive To utter a loud sound, or to address by name; to utter the name; sometimes with to.

The angel of God called to Hagar. Genesis 21.

2. To stop, without intention of staying; to make a short stop; as, to call at the inn. This use Johnson supposes to have originated in the custom of denoting one's presence at the door by a call. It is common, in this phrase, to use at, as to call at the inn; or on, as to call on a friend. This application seems to be equivalent to speak, Dutch kallen. Let us speak at this place.

To call on, to make a short visit to; also, to solicit payment, or make a demand of a debt. In a theological sense, to pray to or worship; as, to call on the name of the Lord. Genesis 4. To repeat solemnly.

Dryden.

To call out, to utter a loud voice; to bawl; a popular use of the phrase.

Call

CALL, noun A vocal address, of summons or invitation; as, he will not come at a call.

2. Demand; requisition; public claim; as, listen to the calls of justice or humanity.

3. Divine vocation, or summons; as the call of Abraham.

4. Invitation; request of a public body or society; as, a clergyman has a call to settle in the ministry.

5. A summons from heaven; impulse.

St. Paul believed he had a call, when he persecuted the christians.

Locke.

6. Authority; command.

Denham.

7. A short visit; as, to make a call; to give one a call; that is, a speaking to; Dutch kallen. To give one a call, is to stop a moment and speak or say a word; or to have a short conversation with.

8. Vocation; employment. In this sense calling is generally used.

9. A naming; a nomination.

Bacon.

10. Among hunters, a lesson blown on the horn, to comfort the hounds.

Encyc.

11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to their duty.

Encyc.

12. The English name of the mineral called by the Germans tungsten or wolfram.

Encyc.

13. Among fowlers, the noise or cry of a fowl, or a pipe to call birds by imitating their voice.

Encyc. Bailey.

14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling over the names of the members, to discover who is absent or for other purpose; a calling of names with a view to obtain answers from the persons named.

Called

CALL'ED, participle passive Invited; summoned; addressed; named; appointed; invoked; assembled by order; recited.

Caller

CALL'ER, noun One who calls.

Callet

CAL'LET, or CAL'LAT, noun A trull, or a scold. [Not used.]

Shak.

Callet

CAL'LET, verb intransitive To rail; to scold. [Not in use.]

Calling

CALL'ING, participle of the present tense Inviting; summoning; naming; addressing; invoking.

Calling

CALL'ING, noun A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtain an answer, as in legislative bodies.

2. Vocation; profession; trade; usual occupation, or employment.

Pope. Swift. 1 Corinthians 7:20.

3. Class of persons engaged in any profession or employment.

Hammond.

4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation.

Give all diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Peter 1.

Calliope

CAL'LIOPE, n. cal'liopy. In Pagan mythology, the muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry.

Callipers

CAL'LIPERS. [See Caliber.]

Callosity

CALLOS'ITY, noun [French callositÃƒ-©; Latin callositas. See Callous.]

Hardness, or bony hardness; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers.

Coxe.

Callous

CAL'LOUS, adjective [Latin callus, hardness; calleo, to be hard, to know or be skilled; could, which see.]

1. Hard; hardened; indurated; as an ulcer or some part of the body.

Wiseman.

2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling.

Dryden.

Callously

CAL'LOUSLY, adverb In a hardened or unfeeling manner.

Callousness

CAL'LOUSNESS, noun Hardness, induration, applied to the body; insensibility, applied to the mind or heart.

Cheyne. Bentley.

Callow

CAL'LOW, adjective [Irish calbh; Latin calvus, bald; German kahl; Dutch kaal; French chauve; Pers. kal; Russian golei, bald, naked; goleyu, to be stripped.]

Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged; as a young bird.

Milton.

Callus

CAL'LUS, noun [Latin callus, from calleo, to be hard; Sanscrit kalla, stone.]

Any cutaneous, corneous, or bony hardness, but generally the new growth of osseous matter between the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite them; also, a hardness in the skin; a hard, dense, insensible knob on the hands, feet, &c.

Encyc. Coxe.

Calm

C`ALM, a. cÃƒ- m. [French calme; Spanish calma; Italian calma; Dutch kalm. Qu. Greek; Italian calare, to decrease or abate; Spanish calar, to sink.]

1. Still; quiet; being at rest; as the air. Hence not stormy or tempestuous; as a calm day.

2. Undisturbed; not agitated; as a calm sea.

3. Undisturbed by passion; not agitated or excited; quiet; tranquil; as the mind, temper, or attention.

Calm

C`ALM, noun Stillness; tranquillity; quiet; freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; applied to the elements, or to the mind and passions.

South.

Calm

C`ALM, verb transitive To still; to quiet; as the wind, or elements; to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind, or passions.

Dryden. Atterbury.

Calmer

C`ALMER, noun The person or thing that calms, or has the power to still, and make quiet; that which allays or pacifies.

Calming

C`ALMING, participle of the present tense Stilling; appeasing.

Calmly

C`ALMLY, adverb In a quiet manner; without disturbance, agitation, tumult, or violence; without passion; quietly.

Calmness

C`ALMNESS, noun Quietness; stillness; tranquillity; applied to the elements.

2. Quietness; mildness; unruffled state; applied to the mind, passions or temper.

Calmy

C`ALMY, adjective Calm; quiet; peaceable.

Spenser. Cowley.

Calomel

CAL'OMEL, noun [Qu. Greek, fair, and, black, or AEthiops mineral.]

A preparation of mercury, much used in medicine. It is called the submuriate or protochloride of mercury, and is prepared in various ways, by sublimation or precipitation, and also in the dry way. The following are the directions given in the last London Pharmacopoeia. Take of muriated quicksilver one pound, and of purified quicksilver, nine ounces; rub them together till the globules disappear; then sublime, and repeat the sublimation twice more successively.

Webster.

Caloric

CALOR'IC, noun [Latin calor, heat.] The principle or matter of heat, or the simple element of heat.

Lavoisier.

Caloric may be defined, the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion are ascribed.

Ure.

Caloric expands all bodies.

Henry.

Caloric

CALOR'IC, adjective Pertaining to the matter of heat.

Calorific

CALORIF'IC, adjective That has the quality of producing heat; causing heat; heating.

Calorimeter

CALORIM'ETER, noun [Latin calor, heat, and Greek, measure.]

An apparatus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the specific caloric of bodies; or an instrument for measuring the heat given out by a body in cooling, from the quantity of ice it melts, invented by

Lavoisier and Laplace.

Calorimotor

CAL'ORIMOTOR, noun [caloric and Latin motor, mover.]

A galvanic instrument, in which the calorific influence or effects are attended by scarcely any electrical power.

Hare.

Calotte

CALO'TTE, or CALO'TE, noun [French calotte.] A cap or coif, of hair, satin or other stuff, worn in popish countries, as an ecclesiastical ornament.

2. In architecture, a round cavity or depression, in form of a cup or cap, lathed and plastered, used to diminish the elevation of a chapel, cabinet, alcove, &c., which would otherwise be too high for other pieces of the apartment.

Harris. Encyc.

Caloyers

CALOY'ERS, or CALOGERI, noun Monks of the Greek church, of three orders; archari, or novices; ordinary professed, or microchemi; and the more perfect, called megalochemi. They are also divided into cenobites, who are employed in reciting their offices, from midnight to sunrise; anchorets, who retire and live in hermitages; and recluses, who shut themselves up in grottos and caverns, on the mountains, and live on alms furnished to them by the monasteries.

Encyc.

Calp

CALP, noun A subspecies of carbonate of lime, of a bluish black, gray or grayish blue, but its streak is white, called also argillo-ferruginous limestone. It is intermediate between compact limestone and marl.

Kirwan. Cleaveland. Phillips.

Caltrop

CAL'TROP, noun [Saxon coltroeppe, a species of thistle, rendered by Lye, rhamnus, and carduus stellatus. The French has chaussetrape. The Italian calcatreppolo is from calcare, to tread, and tribolo, a thistle; Latin tribulus.]

1. A kind of thistle, the Latin tribulus, with a roundish prickly pericarp; on one side, gibbous, often armed with three or four daggers; on the other side, angular, converging with transverse cells. It grows in France, Italy and Spain, among corn, and is very troublesome, as the prickles run into the feet of cattle.

Fam. of Plants. Miller.

2. In military affairs, an instrument with four iron points, disposed in a triangular form, so that three of them being on the ground, the other points upward. These are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.

Encyc. Dr. Addison.

Calumet

CAL'UMET, noun Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe, used for smoking tobacco, whose bowl is usually of soft red marble, and the tube a long reed, ornamented with feathers. The calumet is used as a symbol or instrument of peace and war. To accept the calumet, is to agree to the terms of peace, and to refuse it, is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, to receive strangers kindly, and to travel with safety. The calument of war, differently made, is used to proclaim war.

Calumniate

CALUM'NIATE, verb transitive [See Calumny.] To accuse or charge one falsely, and knowingly, with some crime, offense, or something disreputable; to slander.

Calumniate

CALUM'NIATE, verb intransitive To charge falsely and knowingly with a crime or offense; to propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another.

Calumniated

CALUM'NIATED, participle passive Slandered; falsely and maliciously accused of what is criminal, immoral, or disgraceful.

Calumniating

CALUM'NIATING, participle of the present tense Slandering.

Calumniation

CALUMNIA'TION, noun False accusation of a crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.

Calumniator

CALUM'NIATOR, noun One who slanders; one who falsely and knowingly accuses another of a crime or offense, or maliciously propagates false accusations or reports.

Calumniatory

CALUM'NIATORY, adjective Slanderous.

Montagu.

Calumnious

CALUM'NIOUS, adjective Slanderous; bearing or implying calumny; injurious to reputation.

Calumniously

CALUM'NIOUSLY, adverb Slanderously.

Calumniousness

CALUM'NIOUSNESS, noun Slanderousness.

Bp. Morton.

Calumny

CAL'UMNY, noun [Latin calumnia; French calomnie; Italian calunnia. If m is radical, this word may be allied to calamity, both from the sense of falling upon, rushing, or throwing on. If m is not radical, this word may be the Gothic holon, to calumniate, Saxon holan, to rush upon. The word is found in Irish guilimne, calumny, guilimnighim, to calumniate or reproach].

Slander; false accusation of a crime or offense, knowingly or maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; false representation of facts reproachful to another, made by design, and with knowledge of its falsehood; sometimes followed by on.

Neglected calumny soon expires.

Murphy's Tacitus.

Calvary

CAL'VARY, noun [Latin calvaria, from calva, a skull or scalp; Irish calb, the head; Spanish calvario, calva; Italian calvo.]

1. A place of skulls; particularly, the place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill west of Jerusalem. In catholic countries, a kind of chapel raised on a hillock near a city, as a place of devotion, in memory of the place where our Savior suffered.

2. In heraldry, a cross so called, set upon steps, resembling the cross on which our Saviour was crucified.

Calve

C`ALVE, v. i. cÃƒ- v. [from calf; Saxon calfian.] To bring forth young, as a cow.

2. In a metaphorical sense, and sometimes by way of reproach, as when applied to the human race, to bring forth; to produce.

Calves-Snout

CALVES-SNOUT, noun A plant, snap-dragon, antirrhinum.

Calver

CAL'VER, verb transitive To cut in slices. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Calver

CAL'VER, verb intransitive To shrink by cutting, and not fall to pieces. [Not in use.]

Cotton.

Calville

CAL'VILLE, noun [French] A sort of apple.

Calvinism

CAL'VINISM, noun The theological tenets or doctrines of Calvin, who was born in Picardy in France, and in 1536, chosen professor of divinity, and minister of a church in Geneva. The distinguishing doctrines of this system are, original sin, particular election and reprobation, particular redemption, effectual grace in regeneration, or a change of heart by the spirit of God, justification by free grace, perseverance of the saints, and the trinity.

Calvinist

CAL'VINIST, noun A follower of Calvin; one who embraces the theological doctrines of Calvin.

Calvinistic

CALVINIST'IC, or CALVINIST'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to Calvin, or to his opinions in theology.

Calvish

C`ALVISH, adjective [from calf.] Like a calf. [More properly, calfish.]

Sheldon.

Calx

CALX, noun plu. calxes or calces. [Latin calx; Saxon cealc, a stone, calculus, and chalk; Dutch kalk; German kalk; Swedish kalck; Danish kalk; French chaux. The same word signifies chalk, lime, mortar, and the heel, and from that is formed calculus, a little stone. The word then signifies primarily, a lump, or clod, or hard mass, and is allied to callus. If calx is from, the usual orthography was not observed by the Latins. See Calculate.]

Properly lime or chalk; but more appropriately, the substance of a metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent heat, burning, or calcination, solution by acids, or detonation by niter, and which is or may be reduced to a fine powder. Metallic calxes are now called oxyds. They are heavier than the metal from which they are produced, being combined with oxygen.

Coxe. Encyc.

Calx nativa, native calx, a kind of marly earth, of a dead whitish color, which, in water, bubbles or hisses, and without burning, will make a cement, like lime or gypsum.

Calx viva, quick-lime, is lime not slaked.

Calycinal

CALYC'INAL, or CAL'YCINE, adjective Pertaining to a calyx; situated on a calyx.

Martyn.

Calycle

CAL'YCLE, noun [Latin calyculus. See Calyx.]

In botany, a row of small leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. The calycle of the seed is the outer proper covering or crown of the seed, adhering to it, to facilitate its dispersion.

Martyn.

Calyculate

CALYC'ULATE or CAL'YCLED, adjective Having a calycle at the base on the outside; used of the calyx.

Calypter

CALYP'TER, noun [Greek, a cover.]

The calyx of mosses, according to Linne; but not properly a calyx. It is a kind of vail, or cowl, which covers or is suspended over the tops of the stamens, like an extinguisher.

Milne.

The calyptra of mosses is an appendage of the capsule or female flower. It at first closely invests the capsule, and its summit is the stigma. As the capsule approaches maturity, the calyptra is detached below, and appended to the stigma like a hood.

Cyc. Smith.

Calyx

CA'LYX, noun plu. calyxes. [Latin calyx; Greek, a flower not opened, a husk or shell. It has been confounded with, calix, a cup.]

The outer covering of a flower, being the termination of the cortical epidermis or outer bark of the plant, which, in most plants, incloses and supports the bottom of the corol. In Linne's system, it comprehends the perianth, the involucrum, the ament, the spath, the glume, the calyptra, and the volva. But in general it signifies the perianth, and the leaves are generally green.

Milne. Martyn. Encyc.

The opinion of Linne that the calyx is the continuation of the epidermis is now considered erroneous.

Ed. Encyc. Smith.

Calzoons

CALZOONS', noun [Spanish calzones.] Drawers. [Not English.]

Herbert.

Camber

CAM'BER, noun [French cambrer, to arch, to vault, to bend, from Latin camera, a vault, a chamber.]

Among builders, camber or camber-beam is a piece of timber cut archwise, or with an obtuse angle in the middle, used in platforms, where long and strong beams are required. As a verb, this word signifies to bend, but I know not that it is used.

A cambered-deck, is one which is higher in the middle, or arched, but drooping or declining towards the stem and stern; also, when it is irregular.

Cambering

CAM'BERING, participle of the present tense or adjective Bending; arched; as, a deck lies cambering.

Cambist

CAM'BIST, noun [Italian cambista, from cambio, exchange; Spanish id.]

A banker; one who deals in notes, and bills of exchange.

Christ. Obs.

Cambric

CAMBRIC, noun A species of fine white linen, made of flax, said to be named from Cambray in Flanders, where it was first manufactured.

Came

CAME, preterit tense of come, which see.

Came

CAME, noun A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers make their turned lead.

Encyc.

Camel

CAM'EL, noun [Latin camelus; Greek; Dutch Danish kameel; German kamel; Hebrew Syriac Ethiopic; Chaldee; Arabic The Arabic verb, to which this word belongs, signifies to be beautiful or elegant, to please or to behave with kindness and humanity. In Saxon gamele, or gamol, is a camel, and an old man; gamol-feax, one that has long hair; gamol-ferhth, a man of a great mind. In Welsh the word is cammarc, a crooked horse.]

1. A large quadruped used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. As a genus, the camel belongs to the order of Pecora. The characteristics are; it has no horns; it has six fore teeth in the under jaw; the canine teeth are wide set, three in the upper and two in the lower jaw; and there is a fissure in the upper lip. The dromedary or Arabian camel has one bunch on the back, four callous protuberances on the fore legs and two on the hind legs. The Bactrian camel has two bunches on the back. The Llama of South America is a smaller animal, with a smooth back, small head, fine black eyes, and very long neck. The Pacos or sheep of Chili has no bunch. Camels constitute the riches of an Arabian, without which he could neither subsist, carry on trade nor travel over sandy desarts. Their milk is his common food. By the camel's power of sustaining abstinence from drink, for many days, and of subsisting on a few coarse shrubs, he is peculiarly fitted for the parched and barren lands of Asia and Africa.

2. In Holland, Camel, [or Kameel, as Coxe writes it,] is a machine for lifting ships, and bearing them over the Pampus, at the mouth of the river Y, or over other bars. It is also used in other places, and particularly at the dock in Petersburg, to bear vessels over a bar to Cronstadt.

Coxe. Encyc.

Camel-Backed

CAM'EL-BACKED, adjective having a back like a camel.

Fuller.

Came'leon mineral. [See Chameleon.] A compound of pure potash and black oxyd of manganese, fused together, whose solution in water, at first green, passes spontaneously through the whole series of colored rays to the red; and by the addition of potash, it returns to its original green.

Ure.

Camelopard

CAM'ELOPARD, noun [camelus and pardalis.]

The giraff, a species constituting the genus Camelopardalis. This animal has two straight horns, without branches, six inches long, covered with hair, truncated at the end and tufted. On the forehead, is a tubercle, two inches high, resembling another horn. The fore legs are not much longer than the hind ones, but the shoulders are of such a vast length, as to render the fore part of the animal much higher than the hind part. The head is like that of a stag; the neck is slender and elegant, furnished with a short mane. The color of the whole animal is a dirty white marked with large broad rusty spots. This animal is found in the central and eastern parts of Africa. It is timid and not fleet.

Encyc.

Cameo

CAM'EO, or CAMA'IEU, or CAMAY'EU, noun [Italian cammeo; French camayeu; Spanish and Portugese camafeo.]

A peculiar sort of onyx; also, a stone on which are found various figures and representations of landscapes, a kind of lusus naturae, exhibiting pictures without painting. The word is said to be the oriental camehuia, a name given to the onyx, when they find, in preparing it, another color; as who should say, another color.

The word is applied by others to those precious stones, onyxes, carnelians and agates, on which lapidaries employ their art, to aid nature and perfect the figures.

The word is also applied to any gem on which figures may be engraved.

The word signifies also a painting in which there is only one color, and where the lights and shadows are of gold, wrought on a golden or azure ground. When the ground is yellow, the French call it cirage; when gray, grisaille. This work is chiefly used to represent bassorelievos. These pieces answer to the of the Greeks.

Encyc. Chambers. Lunier.

Camera obscura, or dark chamber, in optics, an apparatus representing an artificial eye, in which the images of external objects, received through a double convex glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native colors, on a white matter, placed within the machine, in the focus of the glass.

Camerade

CAM'ERADE, noun [Latin camera, a chamber.] One who lodges or resides in the same apartment; now comrade, which see.

Cameralistic

CAMERALIS'TIC, adjective [Infra.] Pertaining to finance and public revenue.

Cameralistics

CAMERALIS'TICS, noun [German cameralist, a financier. In Spanish camarista, is a minister of state; camarilla, a small room. The word seems to be from Latin camera, a chamber.]

The science of finance or public revenue, comprehending the means of raising and disposing of it.

Grimke.

Camerate

CAM'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin camero, from camera, a chamber, properly an arched roof.]

To vault; to ceil. [Little used.]

Camerated

CAM'ERATED, adjective [Latin cameratus, from camera.] Arched; vaulted.

Cameration

CAMERA'TION, noun An arching or vaulting.

Camis

CAM'IS, noun [Italian camice.] A thin dress. [Not English.]

Camisade

CAMISA'DE, noun [French from chemise, a shirt; Italian camicia; Spanish camisa.]

An attack by surprise, at night, or at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. This word is said to have taken its rise from an attack of this kind, in which the soldiers, as a badge to distinguish each other by, bore a shirt over their arms.

Encyc.

Camisated

CAM'ISATED, adjective Dressed with a shirt outwards.

Johnson.

Camlet

CAM'LET, noun [from camel, sometimes written camelot.]

A stuff originally made of camel's hair. It is now made, sometimes of wool, sometimes of silk, sometimes of hair, especially that of goats, with wool or silk. In some, the warp is silk and wool twisted together, and the woof is hair. The pure oriental camlet is made solely from the hair of a sort of goat, about Angora. Camlets are now made in Europe.

Encyc.

Camleted

CAM'LETED, adjective Colored or veined.

Herbert.

Cammoc

CAM'MOC, noun [Saxon cammoc, or cammec.] A plant, petty whin or rest-harrow, On-onis.

Camomile

CAM'OMILE, noun [French camomille; Armoric cramamailh; Dutch kamille; German id.; Danish kameel-blomster; Latin chamoemelon, which seems to be the Greek, earth, and, an apple.]

A genus of plants, Anthemis, of many species. It has a chaffy receptacle; the calyx is hemispheric and subequal, and the florets of the ray are more than five. The common sort is a trailing perennial plant, has a strong aromatic smell, and a bitter nauseous taste. It is accounted carminative, aperient, and emollient.

Camous

CAM'OUS, or CAMOYS', adjective [French camus; Welsh cam, crooked.]

Flat; depressed; applied only to the nose, and little used.]

Camoused

CAM'OUSED, adjective Depressed; crooked.

B. Jonson.

Camously

CAM'OUSLY, adverb Awry.

Skelton.

Camp

CAMP', noun [Latin campus; French camp and champ; Armoric camp; Italian Spanish Portugese campo; Saxon camp. The sense is, an open level field or plain. See Champion and Game.]

1. The ground on which an army pitch their tents, whether for a night or a longer time.

2. The order or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for rest; as, to pitch a camp. Also, the troops encamped on the same field.

3. An army.

Hume.

Camp

CAMP, verb transitive or i. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually in tents; to pitch a camp; to fix tents; but seldom used. [See Encamp.]

Camp-Fight

CAMP'-FIGHT, noun In law writers, a trial by duel, or the legal combat of two champions, for the decision of a controversy. [Camp in Welsh is a game, and campiaw is to contend.]

Campaign

CAMPA'IGN, or CAMPA'IN, n. campÃƒ-¡ne. [French campagne; Italian campagna; Spanish compaÃƒ-±a; Portugese campanha; from camp. This should be written campain, as Mitford writes it.]

1. An open field; a large open plain; an extensive tract of ground without considerable hills. [See Champaign.]

2. The time that an army keeps the field, either in action, marches, or in camp, without entering into winter quarters. A campaign is usually from spring to autumn or winter; but in some instances, armies make a winter campaign.

Campaign

CAMPA'IGN, verb intransitive To serve in a campaign.

Musgrave.

Campaigner

CAMPA'IGNER, noun One who has served in an army several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.

Campana

CAMPA'NA, noun [Latin] The pasque-flower.

Campaniform

CAMPAN'IFORM, adjective [Latin campana, a bell, and forma, form.]

In the shape of a bell; applied to flowers.

Botany.

Campanula

CAMPAN'ULA, noun [Latin] The bell-flower.

Campanulate

CAMPAN'ULATE, adjective [Latin campanula, a little bell.] In the form of a bell.

Botany.

Campeachy-Wood

CAMPE'ACHY-WOOD, from Campeachy in Mexico. [See Logwood.]

Campestral

CAMPES'TRAL, or CAMPES'TRIAN, adjective [Latin campestris, from campus, a field.]

Pertaining to an open field; growing in a field or open ground.

Mortimer.

Camphor

CAM'PHOR, noun properly cafor. [Low Latin camphora; French camphre; Italian canfora; Spanish alcanfor; Portugese canfora; Dutch and German kamfer; Arabic kafor, kaforon, from kafara, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac kafar, to drive off, remove, separate, wipe away; hence, to cleanse, to make atonement. It seems to be named from its purifying effects, or from exudation. It will be seen that the letter m in this word is casual.]

A solid concrete juice or exudation, from the laurus camphora, or Indian laurel-tree, a large tree growing wild in Borneo, Sumatra, &c. It is whitish translucent substance, of a granular or foliated fracture, and somewhat unctuous to the feel. It has a bitterish aromatic taste, and a very fragrant smell, and is a powerful diaphoretic.

Encyc. Lunier. Aikin.

Camphor

CAM'PHOR, verb transitive To impregnate or wash with camphor. [Little used.]

Camphorate

CAM'PHORATE, noun In chimistry, a compound of the acid of camphor, with different bases.

Camphorate

CAM'PHORATE, adjective Pertaining to camphor, or impregnated with it.

Camphorated

CAM'PHORATED, adjective Impregnated with camphor.

Camphoric

CAMPHOR'IC, adjective Pertaining to camphor, or partaking of its qualities.

Camphor-Oil

CAMPHOR-OIL. [See Camphor-tree.]

Camphor-Tree

CAM'PHOR-TREE, noun The tree from which camphor is obtained. According to Miller, there are two sorts of trees that produce camphor; one, a native of Borneo, which produces the best species; the other, a native of Japan, which resembles the bay-tree, bearing black or purple berries. But the tree grows also in Sumatra. The stem is thick, the bark of a brownish color, and the ramification strong, close and extended. The wood is soft, easily worked, and useful for domestic purposes. To obtain camphor, the tree is cut down, and divided into pieces, and the camphor taken out; it being found in small whitish flakes, situated perpendicularly, in irregular veins, in and near the center of the tree. It is then repeatedly soaked and washed in soapy water, to separate from it all extraneous matter. It is then passed through three sieves of different texture, to divide it into three sorts, head, belly and foot camphor. Camphor oil is camphor, before the operations of nature have reduced it to a concrete form; and concrete camphor may be reduced to oil, by the nitric acid.

Asiat. Res. iv. 1.

Campilla

CAMPIL'LA, noun A plant of a new genus, used by dyers.

Asiat. Res.

Camping

CAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Encamping.

Camping

CAMP'ING, noun A playing at football.

Bryant.

Campion

CAMP'ION, noun A plant, the popular name of the lychnis.

Camus

CAM'US, or CAM'IS, noun [Latin camisa.] A thin dress. [Not Eng.]

Spenser.

Can

CAN, noun [Dutch kan; Saxon canna; German kanne; Danish kande; Swedish kanna; Cornish hannath; Sanscrit kundha; probably from holding, containing, Welsh cannu or ganu, to contain, gan, capacity, a mortise, gain, in carpentry. Hence Welsh cant, a circle, a hoop, a fence round a yard, a hundred, Latin centum, Teut. hund, in hundred. See Cent and Hundred, and Can, infra.]

A cup or vessel for liquors, in modern times made of metal; as a can of ale.

Can

CAN, verb intransitive pret. could, which is from another root. [See Could.] [Can is from the Saxon cennan, to know, to bear or produce; Gothic kunnan, Saxon cunnan, to know, to be able; cunnian, to try, to attempt, to prove; cind, cyn, gecynd, kind; Latin genus; Dutch kunnen, to know, to understand, to hold, to contain, to be able, like the French savoir; Danish kan, to be able; kiender, to know; Swedish k?nna, to know; kunna, to be able; German kennen, to know; kÃƒ-¶nnen, to be able. Hence cunning, that is, knowing, skilful, experienced; German kÃƒ-¶nnen, a being able, ability, knowledge; kund, public; kunde, knowledge, acquaintance. The Teutonic and Gothic words unite with the Greek, to beget, as a male, and to bear, as a female, which is connected with, to be born or produced. Can, cennan, and, are probably the same word; and the Saxon ginnan, in the compounds, aginnan, beginnan, onginnan, to begin, is from the same root. The primary sense is, to strain, to stretch, to urge or thrust with force, which gives the sense of producing, and of holding, containing, which is the primary sense of knowing, comprehending; and straining gives the sense of power. The Saxon cunnian, to try, is to strain. See Ken. Arabic to be, the substantive verb; also, to become, to be made, to endure; also, to create, to generate, to form; to know; Hebrew and Chaldee, to fit or prepare, to form or fashion; whence right, fit; as we have right, Saxon reht, Latin rectus, from rego, to rule, that is, to strain, stretch, make straight; Syriac to begin to be, and its derivatives, to plant or establish, to create, to be prepared; Ethiopic kun, to be, to become, to be made; Chaldee Samaritan as the Hebrew. See Class Gn. No. 29. 38. and 58. 42. 45. &c. Can in English is treated as an auxiliary verb, the sign of the infinitive being omitted, as in the phrases, I can go, instead of, I can to go; thou canst go; he can go.]

1. To be able; to have sufficient strength or physical power. One man can lift a weight which another can not. A horse can run a certain distance in a given time.

2. To have means, or instruments, which supply power or ability. A man can build a house, or fit out a ship, if he has the requisite property. A nation cannot prosecute a war, without money or credit. I will lend you a thousand dollars, if I can.

3. To be possible.

Nicodemus said, How can these things be? John 3.

4. To have adequate moral power. A man can indulge in pleasure, or he can refrain. He can restrain his appetites, if he will.

5. To have just or legal competent power, that is, right; to be free from any restraint of moral, civil or political obligation, or from any positive prohibition. We can use a highway for travel, for this is permitted by law. A man can or cannot hold an office. The Jews could not eat certain kinds of animals which were declared to be unclean. The House of Commons in England can impeach, but the House of Lords only can try impeachments. In general, we can do whatever neither the laws of God nor of man forbid.

How can I do this great wickedness and sin against God. Genesis 39.

I cannot go beyond the word of the Lord, my God, to do less or more. Numbers 22.

6. To have natural strength, or capacity; to be susceptible of; to be able or free to undergo any change, or produce any effect, by the laws and constitution of nature, or by divine appointment. Silver can be melted, but cannot be changed into gold.

Can the rush grow without mire? Job 8.

Can the fig tree bear olive berries? James 3.

Can faith save him? James 2.

7. To have competent strength, ability, fortitude, patience, &c., in a passive sense. He cannot bear reproof. I cannot endure this impertinence.

This is a hard saying; who can hear it? John 6.

8. To have the requisite knowledge, experience or skill. Young men are not admitted members of college, till they can translate Latin and Greek. An astronomer can calculate an eclipse, though he can not make a coat.

9. To have strength of inclination or motives sufficient to overcome obstacles, impediments, inconvenience or other objection.

I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come. Luke 14.

I cannot rise and give theeÃ‚--yet because of his importunity, he will rise and give him. Luke 11.

10. To have sufficient capacity; as, a vessel

can not hold or contain the whole quantity.

Can

CAN, verb transitive To know. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Can-Buoy

CAN'-BUOY, noun In seamanship, a buoy in form of a cone, made large, and sometimes painted, as a mark to designate shoals, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Can-Hook

CAN'-HOOK, noun An instrument to sling a cask by the ends of its staves, formed by reeving a piece of rope through two flat hooks, and splicing its ends together.

Mar. Dict.

Canadian

CANA'DIAN, adjective Pertaining to Canada, an extensive country on the north of the United States.

Canadian

CANA'DIAN, noun An inhabitant or native of Canada.

Canail

CANA'IL, noun [French canaille; Spanish canalla; Portugese canalha; Italian canaglia.]

The coarser part of meal; hence, the lowest people; lees; dregs; offscouring.

Canakin

CAN'AKIN, noun A little can or cup.

Shak.

Canal

CANAL', noun [Latin canalis, a channel or kennel; these being the same word differently written; French canal; Armoric can, or canol; Spanish Portugese canal; Italian canale. See Cane. It denotes a passage, from shooting, or passing.]

1. A passage for water; a water course; properly, a long trench or excavation in the earth for conducting water, and confining it to narrow limits; but the term may be applied to other water courses. It is chiefly applied to artificial cuts or passages for water, used for transportation; whereas channel is applicable to a natural water course.

The canal from the Hudson to Lake Erie is one of the noblest works of art.

2. In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of an animal, through which any of the juices flow, or other substances pass; as the neck of the bladder, and the alimentary canal.

3. A surgical instrument; a splint.

Coxe.

Canal-Coal

CANAL-COAL. [See Cannel-coal.]

Canaliculate

CANALIC'ULATE, or CANALIC'ULATED, adjective [Latin canaliculatus, from canaliculus, a little pipe, from canalis, canna, a pipe.]

Channelled; furrowed. In botany, having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex underneath; applied to the stem, leaf, or petiole of plants.

Martyn.

Canary

CANA'RY, noun Wine made in the Canary isles.

2. An old dance. Shakspeare has used the word as a verb in a kind of cant phrase.

Canary-Bird

CANA'RY-BIRD, noun A singing bird from the Canary isles, a species of Fringilla. The bill is conical and straight; the body is yellowish white; the prime feathers of the wings and tail are greenish. These birds are now bred in other countries.

Canary-Grass

CANA'RY-GRASS, noun A plant, the Phalaris, whose seeds are collected for canary-birds.

Cancel

CAN'CEL, verb transitive [French canceller; Portugese cancellar; Latin cancello, to deface, properly to make cross bars or lattice-work, hence to make cross lines on writing, from cancelli, cross bars or lattice-work; Greek; Syriac Chaldee kankel, id.]

1. To cross the lines of a writing, and deface them; to blot out or obliterate.

2. To annul, or destroy; as, to cancel an obligation or a debt.

Cancelated

CAN'CELATED, adjective [Latin cancellatus, cancello.] Cross-barred; marked with cross lines.

Grew. Martyn.

Cancelation

CANCELA'TION, noun The act of defacing by cross lines; a canceling.

Canceled

CAN'CELED, participle passive Crossed; obliterated; annulled.

Canceling

CAN'CELING, participle of the present tense Crossing; obliterating; annulling.

Cancer

CAN'CER, noun [Latin cancer; Saxon cancre; French cancre; Dutch kanker; Spanish cangrejo, cancro; Italian cancro, canchero; Greek. This seems to be the same word, though applied to the shell; a cancer, is a different word. From the Greek, the Latins have concha, conch. But n is not radical; for this is undoubtedly the Welsh cocos, cockle, French coquille, coque, Italian coccia. These words are probably from the same root as Spanish cocar, to wrinkle, twist, or make wry faces; Irish cuachaim, to fold; cockle, to shrink or pucker; verbs which give the primary sense. It is to be noted that cancer and canker are the same word; canker being the original pronunciation.]

1. The crab or crab-fish. This genus of animals have generally eight legs, and two claws which serve as hands; two distant eyes, supported by a kind of peduncles, and they are elongated and movable. They have also two clawed palpi, and the tail is jointed. To this genus belong the lobster, shrimp, cray-fish, &c.

2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac, represented by the form of a crab, and limiting the sun's course northward in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice.

3. In medicine, a roundish, hard, unequal, scirrous tumor of the glands, which usually ulcerates, is very painful, and generally fatal.

Cancerate

CAN'CERATE, verb intransitive To grow into a cancer; to become cancerous.

L'Estrange.

Canceration

CANCERA'TION, noun A growing cancerous, or into a cancer.

Cancerous

CAN'CEROUS, adjective Like a cancer; having the qualities of a cancer.

Wiseman.

Cancerousness

CAN'CEROUSNESS, noun The state of being cancerous.

Cancriform

CAN'CRIFORM, adjective Cancerous.

2. Having the form of a cancer or crab.

Cancrine

CAN'CRINE, adjective Having the qualities of a crab.

Cancrite

CAN'CRITE, noun [from cancer.] A fossil or petrified crab.

Fourcroy.

Candent

CAN'DENT, adjective [Latin candens, from candeo, to be white or hot. See the verb, to cant.]

Very hot; heated to whiteness; glowing with heat.

Candicant

CAN'DICANT, adjective Growing white.

Dict.

Candid

CAN'DID, adjective [Latin candidus, white, from candeo, to be white; Welsh canu, to bleach. See Cant.] White.

Dryden.

[But in this sense rarely used.]

2. Fair; open; frank; ingenuous; free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; applied to persons.

3. Fair; just; impartial; applied to things; as a candid view, or construction.

Candidate

CAN'DIDATE, noun [Latin candidatus, from candidus, white; those who sought offices in

Rome being obliged to wear a white gown.]

1. A man who seeks or aspires to an office; one who offers himself, or is proposed for preferment, by election or appointment; usually followed by for; as a candidate for the office of sheriff.

2. One who is in contemplation for an office, or for preferment, by those who have power to elect or appoint, though he does not offer himself.

3. One who, by his services or actions, will or may justly obtain preferment or reward, or whose conduct tends to secure it; as a candidate for praise.

4. A man who is qualified, according to the rules of the church, to preach the gospel, and take the charge of a parish or religious society, and proposes to settle in the ministry.

U. States.

5. One who is in a state of trial or probation for a reward, in another life; as a candidate for heaven or for eternity.

Candidly

CAN'DIDLY, adverb Openly; frankly; without trick or disguise; ingenuously.

Candidness

CAN'DIDNESS, noun Openness of mind; frankness; fairness; ingenuousness.

Candied

CAN'DIED, participle passive or adjective [from candy.] Preserved with sugar, or incrusted with it; covered with crystals of sugar or ice, or with matter resembling them; as candied raisins.

Candle

CAN'DLE, noun [Latin Spanish Italian candela; French chandelle; Saxon candel; Pers. kandil; Armoric cantol; Welsh canwyll; Irish cainneal; from Latin candeo, to shine, to be white, or its root. The primary sense of the root is, to shoot, to throw, to radiate. See Cant and Chant.]

1. A long, but small cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on a wick composed of linen or cotton threads, twisted loosely; used for a portable light of domestic use.

2. A light.

3. A light; a luminary. In scripture, the candle of the Lord is the divine favor and blessing, Job 29:3.; or the conscience or understanding. Proverbs 20:27.

Excommunication by inch of candle, is when the offender is allowed time to repent, while a candle burns, and is then excommunicated.

Sale by inch of candle, is an auction in which persons are allowed to bid, only till a small piece of candle burns out.

Medicated candle, in medicine, a bougie.

Rush-candles are used in some countries; they are made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease.

Encyc.

Candle-Berry Tree

CAN'DLE-BERRY TREE, noun The Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle; a shrub common in North America, from the berries of which a kind of wax or oil is procured, of which candles are made. The oil is obtained by boiling the berries in water; the oil rising to the surface is skimmed off, and when cool, is of the consistence of wax, and of a dull green color. In popular language, this is called bayberry tallow.

Candle-Bomb

CAN'DLE-BOMB, noun A small glass bubble, filled with water, placed in the wick of a candle, where it bursts with a report.

Candle-Holder

CAN'DLE-HOLDER, noun [candle and hold.]

A person that holds a candle. Hence, one that remotely assists another, but is otherwise not of importance.

Shak.

Candle-Light

CAN'DLE-LIGHT, noun [candle and light.] The light of a candle; the necessary candles for use.

Molineux.

Candlemas

CAN'DLEMAS, noun [candle and mass, Saxon moessa; candle-feast.]

The feast of the church celebrated on the second day of February, in honor of the purification of the Virgin Mary; so called from the great number of lights used on that occasion. This feast is supposed to have originated in the declaration of Simeon, that our Savior was "to be a light to lighten the Gentiles." On this day, the Catholics consecrate all the candles and tapers which are to be used in their churches during the whole year. In Rome, the pope performs the ceremony himself, and distributes wax candles to the cardinals and others, who carry them in procession through the great hall of the pope's palace. The ceremony was prohibited in England by an order of council in 1548. But candlemas is one of the four terms for paying and receiving rents and interest; and it gives name to a law term, beginning Jan. 15, and ending Feb. 3.

Encyc.

Candle-Stick

CAN'DLE-STICK, noun [candle and stick; Saxon candel-sticca.] An instrument or utensil to hold a candle, made in different forms and of different materials; originally a stick or piece of wood.

Candle-Stuff

CAN'DLE-STUFF, noun [candle and stuff.] A material of which candles are made, as tallow, wax, &c.

Bacon.

Candle-Waster

CAN'DLE-WASTER, noun [candle and waste.] One who wastes or consumes candles; a hard student, or one who studies by candle-light; a spendthrift.

B. Jonson. Shak.

Candles-Ends

CAN'DLES-ENDS, noun Scraps; fragments.

Beaum.

Candoc

CAN'DOC, noun A plant or weed that grows in rivers.

Walton.

Candor

CAN'DOR, noun [Latin candor, from candeo, to be white.]

Openness of heart; frankness; ingenuousness of mind; a disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from tricks or disguise; sincerity.

Watts.

Candy

CAN'DY, verb transitive [Italian candire, to candy, to preserve; candito, candied; French candir. This seems not to be the Latin condio, for the Italian has also condire. Possibly it may be from Latin candeo, to be white. But in Arabic, kand, kandon, is the saccharine matter of the sugar cane, or concrete sugar, and it is the same in Persian; Sanscrit khand.]

1. To conserve or dress with sugar; to boil in sugar.

2. To form into congelations or crystals.

Shak.

3. To cover or incrust with congelations, or crystals of ice.

Dryden.

Candy

CAN'DY, verb intransitive To form into crystals, or become congealed; to take on the form of candied sugar.

Candying

CAN'DYING, participle of the present tense Conserving with sugar.

Candying

CAN'DYING, noun The act of preserving simples in substance, by boiling then in sugar.

Encyc.

Candy-Tufts

CAN'DY-TUFTS, noun A plant, the Iberis.

Fam. of Plants.

2. A Cretan flower.

Tate.

Cane

CANE, noun [Latin canna; Greek; French canne; Welsh cawn; Spanish caÃƒ-±a; Portugese cana or canna; Italian canna; Armoric canen; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic. In the Arabic, a word of this family signifies a subterraneous passage for water, or canal. It probably signifies a shoot.]

1. In botany, this term is applied to several species of plants belonging to different genera, such as Arundo, Calamus, Saccharum, &c. Among these is the bamboo of the East Indies, with a strong stem, which serves for pipes, poles, and walking sticks. The sugar cane, a native of Asia, Africa and America, furnishes the juice from which are made, sugar, melasses and spirit. [See Sugar Cane.]

2. A walking stick.

3. A lance, or dart made of cane.

Dryden.

4. A long measure, in several countries of Europe; at Naples, the length is 7 feet 3 1/2 inches; in Thoulouse in France, 5 feet 8 1/2 inches; in Provence, &c., 6 feet 5 1/2 inches.

Cane

CANE, verb transitive To beat with a cane or walking stick.

Cane-Brake

CA'NE-BRAKE, noun [cane and brake.] A thicket of canes.

Ellicott.

Cane-Hole

CA'NE-HOLE, noun [cane and hole.] A hole or trench for planting the cuttings of cane, on sugar plantations.

Edwards' Welsh Indies.

Cane-Trash

CA'NE-TRASH, noun [cane and trash.] Refuse of canes, or macerated rinds of cane, reserved for fuel to boil the cane-juice.

Edwards' Welsh Indies.

Canescent

CANES'CENT, adjective [Latin canescens.] Growing white or hoary.

Canicula

CANIC'ULA, or CA'NICULE, noun [Latin canicula, a little dog, from canis, a dog.]

A star in the constellation of Canis Major, called also the dog-star, or Sirius; a star of the first magnitude, and the largest and brightest of all the fixed stars. From the rising of this heliacally, or at its emersion from the sun's rays, the ancients reckoned their dog-days.

Canicular

CANIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin canicularis.] Pertaining to the dog-star.

Canine

CANINE, adjective [Latin caninus, from canis, a dog.] Pertaining to dogs; having the properties or qualities of a dog; as a canine appetite, insatiable hunger; canine madness, or hydrophobia.

Canine teeth are two sharp pointed teeth in each jaw of an animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grinders; so named from their resemblance to a dog's teeth.

Caning

CA'NING, noun A beating with a stick or cane.

Canister

CAN'ISTER, noun [Latin canistrum; Greek, or; French canastre; Portugese canastra; Spanish canasta.]

Properly, a small basket, as in Dryden; but more generally, a small box or case, for tea, coffee, &c.

Canker

CANK'ER, noun [Latin cancer; Saxon cancere or cancre; Dutch kanker; French chancre; Italian canchero. This is the Latin cancer, with the Roman pronunciation. See Cancer.]

1. A disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and fall.

2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers in the mouth, particularly of children. They are generally covered with a whitish slough.

Cyc.

3. A virulent, corroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts or destroys.

Sacrilege may prove an eating canker.

Atterbury.

And their word will eat as doth a canker. 2 Timothy 2.

4. An eating, corroding, virulent humor; corrosion.

Shak.

5. A kind of rose, the dog rose.

Peacham. Shak.

6. In farriery, a running thrush of the worst kind; a disease in horses' feet, discharging a fetid matter from the cleft in the middle of the frog.

Encyc.

Canker

CANK'ER, verb transitive To eat, corrode, corrupt, consume, in the manner that a cancer affects the body.

Herbert.

2. To infect or pollute.

Addison.

Canker

CANK'ER, verb intransitive To grow corrupt; to decay, or waste away by means of any noxious cause; to grow rusty, or to be oxydized, as a metal.

Bacon.

Cankerbit

CANK'ERBIT, adjective Bitten with a cankered or envenomed tooth.

Shak.

Cankered

CANK'ERED, participle passive Corrupted.

2. adjective Crabbed; uncivil.

Spenser.

Cankeredly

CANK'EREDLY, adverb Crossly; adversely.

Canker-Fly

CANK'ER-FLY, noun A fly that preys on fruit.

Walton.

Canker-Like

CANK'ER-LIKE, adjective Eating or corrupting like a canker.

Cankerous

CANK'EROUS, adjective Corroding like a canker.

Thomson.

Canker-Worm

CANK'ER-WORM, noun A worm, destructive to trees or plants. In America, this name is given to a worm that, in some years, destroys the leaves and fruit of apple trees. This animal springs from an egg deposited by a miller, that issues from the ground.

Cankery

CANK'ERY, adjective Rusty.

Cannabine

CAN'NABINE, adjective [Latin cannabinus, from cannabis, hemp.] Pertaining to hemp; hempen.

Cannel-Coal

CAN'NEL-COAL, CAN'DLE-COAL, noun A hard, opake, inflammable fossil coal of a black color, sufficiently solid to be cut and polished. On fire it decrepitates and breaks into angular fragments. It is sometimes used for inkholders and toys.

Cleaveland.

Cannequin

CAN'NEQUIN, noun White cotton cloth from the East Indies, suitable for the Guinea trade.

Encyc.

Cannibal

CAN'NIBAL, noun A human being that eats human flesh; a man-eater, or anthropophagite.

Bacon. Bentley.

Cannibalism

CAN'NIBALISM, noun The act or practice of eating human flesh, by mankind.

2. Murderous cruelty; barbarity.

Burke.

Cannibally

CAN'NIBALLY, adverb In the manner of a cannibal.

Shak.

Cannon

CAN'NON, noun [French canon; Armoric canon or canol; Dutch kanon; German kanone; Spanish ca?on; Portugese canham; Italian cannone. Probably from Latin canna, a tube. See Cane.]

A large military engine for throwing balls, and other instruments of death, by the force of gunpowder. Guns of this kind are made of iron or brass and of different sizes, carrying balls from three or four pounds, to forty eight pounds weight. In some countries, they have been made of much larger size. The smaller guns of this kind are called field pieces.

Cannonade

CANNONA'DE, noun The act of discharging cannon and throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship or fort. The term usually implies an attack of some continuance.

Cannonade

CANNONA'DE, verb transitive To attack with heavy artillery; to throw balls, or other deadly weapons, as chain-shot or langrage, against an enemy's army, town, fortress or ship; to batter with cannon shot.

Cannonade

CANNONA'DE, verb intransitive To discharge cannon; to play with large guns.

Cannon-Ball

CAN'NON-BALL, noun A ball, usually made of cast iron, to be thrown from cannon. Cannon bullet, of the like signification, is not now used. Cannon balls were originally of stone.

Cannoneer

CANNONEE'R, or CANNONIE'R, noun A man who manages cannon; an engineer.

Cannon-Proof

CAN'NON-PROOF, adjective Proof against cannon shot.

Cannon-Shot

CAN'NON-SHOT, noun A ball for cannon; also, the range or distance a cannon will throw a ball.

Cannot

CANNOT, [can and not.] These words are usually united, but perhaps without good reason; canst and not are never united.

Cannular

CAN'NULAR, adjective [Latin canna, a tube.] Tubular; having the form of a tube.

Encyc.

Canoe

CANOE, n. canoo'. [French canot; Spanish canoa; Italian canoe or canon; from Latin canna, a tube or cane, or the same root.]

1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of the body or trunk of a tree, excavated, by cutting or burning, into a suitable shape. Similar boats are now used by civilized men, for fishing and other purposes. It is impelled by a paddle, instead of an oar.

2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.

Canon

CAN'ON, noun [Saxon French Spanish Portugese canon; Italian canone; Latin canon; Greek. Dr. Owen deduces the word from the Hebrew a cane, reed or measuring rod. In Ethiopic kanan, signifies to set, to establish, to form a rule, whence canon, a rule. But this verb is probably from the noun. The word is from one of the roots in Class Gn, which signifies to set, or to strain. The Welsh unites it with the root of can, Latin cano, to sing, Welsh canon, a song, a rule, a canon, from canu to sing, Latin cano. The sense of canon is that which is set or established.]

1. In ecclesiastical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the sovereign; a decision of matters in religion, or a regulation of policy or discipline, by a general or provincial council.

2. A law or rule in general.

3. The genuine books of the Holy Scriptures, called the sacred canon, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration.

4. A dignitary of the church; a person who possesses a prebend or revenue allotted for the performance of divine service in a cathedral or collegiate church.

A cardinal canon is one attached to a church, incardinatus, as a priest to a parish.

Domicellary canons, are young canons, not in orders, having no right in any particular chapters.

Expectative canons, having no revenue or prebend, but having the title and dignities of canons, a voice in the chapter and a place in the choir, till a prebend should fall.

Foreign canons, such as did not officiate in their canonries; opposed to mansionary or residentiary canons.

Lay, secular or honorary canons, laymen admitted out of honor or respect, into some chapter of canons.

Regular canons, who live in monasteries or in community, and who, to the practice of their rules, have added the profession of vows.

Tertiary canons, who have only the third part of the revenue of the canonicate.

Encyc.

5. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of the order.

6. A catalogue of saints acknowledged and canonized in the Romish Church.

7. The secret words of the mass from the preface to the Pater, in the middle of which the priest consecrates the host. The people are to rehearse this part of the service, on their knees, and in a voice lower than can be heard.

Romish Church.

8. In ancient music, a rule or method for determining the intervals of notes, invented by Ptolemy.

Encyc.

9. In modern music, a kind of perpetual fugue, in which the different parts, beginning one after another, repeat incessantly the same air.

Busby.

10. In geometry and algebra, a general rule for the solution of cases of a like nature with the present inquiry. Every last step of an equation is a canon.

11. In pharmacy, a rule for compounding medicines.

12. In surgery, an instrument used in sewing up wounds.

Canon-law, is a collection of ecclesiastical laws, serving as the rule of church government.

Canon-Bit

CAN'ON-BIT, noun That part of a bit let into a horse's mouth.

Canoness

CAN'ONESS, noun A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed, by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to make any vows or renounce the world.

Encyc.

Canonical

CANON'ICAL, adjective [Latin canonicus.] Pertaining to a canon; according to the canon or rule.

Canonical books or canonical scriptures, are those books of the scriptures which are admitted by the canons of the church, to be of divine origin. The Roman catholic church admits the Apocryphal books to be canonical; the Protestants reject them.

Canonical hours, are certain stated times of the day, fixed by the ecclesiastical laws, or appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion. In Great Britain, these hours are from eight o'clock to twelve in the forenoon, before and after which marriage cannot be legally performed in the church.

Encyc.

Canonical obedience, is submission to the canons of a church, especially the submission of the inferior clergy to their bishops. and other religious orders to their superiors.

Canonical punishments, are such as the church may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, &c.

Canonical life, is the method or rule of living prescribed by the ancient clergy who lived in community, a course of living prescribed for clerks, less rigid than the monastic and more restrained than the secular.

Canonical sins, in the ancient church, were those for which capital punishment was inflicted; as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy, &c.

Canonical letters, anciently, were letters which passed between the orthodox clergy, as testimonials of their faith, to keep up the catholic communion, and to distinguish them from heretics.

Canonical epistles, is an appellation given to those epistles of the New Testament which are called general or catholic.

Encyc.

Canonically

CANON'ICALLY, adverb In a manner agreeable to the canon.

Canonicalness

CANON'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being canonical.

Canonicals

CANON'ICALS, n. plu. The full dress of the clergy, worn when they officiate.

Canonicate

CANON'ICATE, noun The office of a canon.

Encyc.

Canonist

CAN'ONIST, noun A professor of canon law; one skilled in the study and practice of ecclesiastical law.

Canonistic

CANONIS'TIC, adjective Having the knowledge of a canonist.

Canonization

CANONIZA'TION, noun [See Canonize.] The act of declaring a man a saint, or rather the act of ranking a deceased person in the catalogue of saints, called a canon. This act is preceded by beatification, and by an examination into the life and miracles of the person; after which the Pope decrees the canonization.

Addison. Encyc.

2. The state of being sainted.

Canonize

CAN'ONIZE, verb transitive [from canon.] To declare a man a saint and rank him in the catalogue, called a canon.

Canonry

CAN'ONRY, or CAN'ONSHIP, noun An ecclesiastical benefice, in a cathedral or collegiate church, which has a prebend or stated allowance out of the revenues of the church commonly annexed to it. The benifice filled by a canon. A prebend may subsist without a canonry; but a canonicate is inseparable from a prebend.

Ayliffe. Encyc.

Canopied

CAN'OPIED, adjective [See Canopy.] Covered with a canopy.

Milton.

Canopy

CAN'OPY, noun [Greek, a pavilion or net spread over a bed to keep off gnats, from, a gnat.]

1. A covering over a throne, or over a bed; more generally, a covering over the head. So the sky is called a canopy, and a canopy is borne over the head in processions.

2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent decoration serving to cover and crown an altar, throne, tribunal, pulpit, chair or the like.

Encyc.

Canopy

CAN'OPY, verb transitive To cover with a canopy.

Dryden.

Canorous

CANO'ROUS, adjective [Latin canorus, from cano, to sing.] Musical; tuneful.

Brown.

Canorousness

CANO'ROUSNESS, noun Musicalness.

Cant

CANT, verb transitive [Latin canto, to sing; Spanish cantar,

Portugese id., to sing, to chant, to recite, to creak, to chirp, to whistle; Italian cantare, to sing, to praise, to crow; French chanter; Armoric cana; from Latin cano, to sing. The primary sense is to throw, thrust or drive, as in can; a sense retained in the phrase, to cant over any thing. In singing, it implies a modulation or inflexion of voice. In Welsh, can, with a different sound of the vowel, signifies a song and white, Latin cano, canus, and caneo. These are from the same root and have the same radical sense, to throw or shoot as rays of light, to shine, probably applied to the sun's morning rays. Welsh canu, to sing; Sanscrit, gana; Persic, kandam.]

1. In popular usage, to turn about, or to turn over, by a sudden push or thrust; as, to cant over a pail or a cask.

Mar. Dict.

2. To toss; as, to cant a ball.

3. To speak with a whining voice, or an affected singing tone.

[In this sense, it is usually intransitive.]

4. To sell by auction, or to bid a price at auction.

Swift.

Cant

CANT, noun A toss; a throw, thrust or push with a sudden jerk; as, to give a ball a cant. [This is the literal sense.]

2. A whining, singing manner of speech; a quaint, affected mode of uttering words either in conversation or preaching.

3. The whining speech of beggars, as in asking alms and making complaints of their distresses.

4. The peculiar words and phrases of professional men; phrases often repeated, or not well authorized.

5. Any barbarous jargon in speech.

6. Whining pretension to goodness.

Johnson.

7. Outery, at a public sale of goods; a call for bidders at an auction.

Swift.

This use of the word is precisely equivalent to auction, auctio, a hawking, a crying out, or in the vulgar dialect, a singing out, but I believe not in use in the U. States.

Cant

CANT, noun [Dutch kant, a corner.] A nich; a corner or retired place.

B. Jonson.

Cant-timbers, in a ship, are those which are situated at the two ends.

Mar. Dict.

Cantabrian

CANTA'BRIAN, adjective Pertaining to Cantabria, on the Bay of Biscay, in Spain.

Cantaliver

CAN'TALIVER, noun [cantle and eaves.] In architecture, a piece of wood, framed into the front or side of a house, to suspend the moldings and eaves over it.

Encyc.

Cantar

CAN'TAR, or CAN'TARO, noun An eastern weight; at Acra in Turkey, 603 pounds; at Tunis and Tripoli, 114 pounds. In Egypt, it consists of 100 or 150 rotolos; at Naples, it is 25 pounds; at Genoa, 150; at Leghorn, 150, 151, or 160.

Encyc.

At Alicant in Spain, the cantaro is a liquid measure of 3 gallons. In Cochin, a measure of capacity, of 4 rubies; the rubi, 32 rotolos.

Cantata

CANTA'TA, noun [Italian, from cantare, to sing; Latin canto.]

A poem set to music; a composition or song, intermixed with recitatives and airs, chiefly intended for a single voice.

Cantation

CANTA'TION, adjective A singing. [Not used.]

Canteen

CANTEE'N, noun [Italian cantina.] A tin vessel used by soldiers for carrying liquor for drink.

Chambers.

Canteleup

CAN'TELEUP, noun A variety of muskmelon.

Canter

CANT'ER, verb intransitive [Armoric cantreal or cantren, to run, to rove or ramble, from tossing or leaping, canting. See Cant.]

To move as a horse in a moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the same time, with a leap or spring.

Canter

CANT'ER, verb transitive To ride upon a canter.

Canter

CANT'ER, noun A moderate gallop.

2. One who cants or whines.

Canterbury Bell

CANTERBURY BELL, noun A species of Campanula. [See Bell-Flower.]

Canterbury Tale

CANTERBURY TALE, noun A fabulous story; so called from the tales of Chaucer.

Cantering

CANT'ERING, participle of the present tense Moving or riding with a slow gallop.

Cantharidin

CANTHAR'IDIN, noun [Infra.] That peculiar substance existing in the Meloe vesicatorius, or cantharides, which causes vesication.

Thomson.

Cantharis

CANTHA'RIS or plu. CANTHAR'IDES, noun [Greek.] Spanish flies; a species of Meloe. This fly is nine or ten lines in length, of a shining green color, mixed with azure, and has a nauseous smell. It feeds upon the leaves of trees and shrubs, preferring the ash. These flies, when bruised, are universally used as a vesicatory, or blistering plaster. The largest come from Italy, but the best from Spain.

Canthus

CANTH'US, noun [Greek; Dutch kant, a corner.]

An angle of the eye; a cavity at the extremities of the eyelids; the greater is next to the nose; the lesser, near the temple.

Encyc.

Canticle

CAN'TICLE, noun [Spanish and Italian cantico; Latin canticum, from canto. See Cant.]

1. A song. In the plural, canticles, the Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.

2. A canto; a division of a song. Obs.

Spenser.

Cantillate

CAN'TILLATE, verb transitive [Latin cantillo. See Cant.] To chant; to recite with musical tones.

M. Stuart.

Cantillation

CANTILLA'TION, noun A chanting; recitation with musical modulations.

Canting

CANT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing with a sudden jerk; tossing.

2. Speaking with a whine or song-like tone.

Cantingly

CANT'INGLY, adverb With a cant.

Cantion

CAN'TION, noun A song or verses. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Cantle

CAN'TLE, noun [Armoric chantell; French chanteau, whence echantillon; scantling.]

A fragment; a piece; a portion. Obs.

Shak.

Cantle

CAN'TLE, verb transitive To cut into pieces; to cut out a piece. Obs.

Dryden.

Cantlet

CANT'LET, noun A piece; a little corner; a fragment.

Dryden.

Canto

CAN'TO, noun [Italian canto, a song; Latin cantus. See Cant.]

A part or division of a poem, answering to what in prose is called a book. In Italian, canto is a song, and it signifies also the treble part, first treble, or highest vocal part.

Canton

CAN'TON, noun [Italian cantone, a corner-stone, and a canton; Spanish canton; Portugese canto, a corner; French canton, a corner, a part of a country, a district; Armoric canton; Dutch kant; German kante; Danish kandt, a corner, point, edge, border. The Welsh unites canton with cant, a hundred, Latin centum, Saxon hund, for cantrev is a circuit or division of a country, from cant, a hundred.]

1. A small portion of land, or division of territory; originally, a portion of territory on a border; also, the inhabitants of a canton.

2. A small portion or district of territory, constituting a distinct state or government; as in Switzerland.

3. In heraldry, a corner of the shield.

4. A distinct part, or division; as the cantons of a painting or other representation.

Burnet.

Canton

CAN'TON, verb transitive [Spanish acantonar.] To divide into small parts or districts, as territory; to divide into distinct portions.

Locke. Addison.

2. To allot separate quarters to each regiment of an army or body of troops.

Marshall. Encyc.

Cantonal

CAN'TONAL, adjective Pertaining to a canton; divided into cantons.

Cantoned

CAN'TONED, participle passive Divided into distinct parts, or quarters; lodged in distinct quarters, as troops.

Cantoning

CAN'TONING, participle of the present tense Dividing into distinct districts; allotting separate quarters to each regiment.

Cantonize

CAN'TONIZE, verb transitive To canton, or divide into small districts.

Davies.

Cantonment

CAN'TONMENT, noun A part or division of a town or village, assigned to a particular regiment of troops; separate quarters.

Marshall.

Cantred

CAN'TRED, or CAN'TREF, noun [Latin centum.] A hundred villages, as in Wales.

Encyc.

Canvas

CAN'VAS, noun [French canevas, canvas, and chanvre, hemp; Armoric canavas; Spanish caÃƒ-±amazo; Portugese canamo; Italian canavaccio, canvas, and canapa, hemp; Dutch kanefas, canvas, and hennep, hemp; German kanefass, canvas, and hanf, hemp; Danish canefas; Latin cannabias, hemp; Greek; Irish canbhas, canvas, and canaib, hemp; Russian kanephas. It is from the root of canna, cane; perhaps a diminutive.]

1. A coarse cloth made of hemp, or flax, used for tents, sails of ships, painting and other purposes.

2. A clear unbleached cloth, wove regularly in little squares, used for working tapestry with the needle.

3. Among the French, the rough draught or model on which an air or piece of music is composed, and given to a poet to finish. The canvas of a song contains certain notes of the composer, to show the poet the measure of the verses he is to make.

4. Among seamen, cloth in sails, or sails in general; as, to spread as much canvas as the ship will bear.

Canvas-Climber

CANVAS-CLIMBER, noun A sailor that goes aloft to handle sails.

Shak.

Canvass

CAN'VASS, verb transitive [Old French cannabasser, to beat about or shake, to examine. Junius. Skinner.]

1. To discuss; literally, to beat or shake out, to open by beating or shaking, like the Latin discutio. This is the common use of the word, as to canvass a subject, or the policy of a measure.

2. To examine returns of votes; to search or scrutinize; as, to canvass the votes for senators.

Canvass

CAN'VASS, verb intransitive To seek or go about to solicit votes or interest; to use efforts to obtain; to make interest in favor of; followed by for; as, to canvass for an office, or preferment; to canvass for a friend.

Canvass

CAN'VASS, noun Examination; close inspection to know the state of; as a canvass of votes.

2. Discussion; debate.

3. A seeking, solicitation, or efforts to obtain.

Canvassed

CAN'VASSED, participle passive Discussed; examined.

Canvasser

CAN'VASSER, noun One who solicits votes, or goes about to make interest.

Burke.

2. One who examines the returns of votes for a public officer.

Canvassing

CAN'VASSING, participle of the present tense Discussing; examining; sifting; seeking.

Canvassing

CAN'VASSING, noun The act of discussing, examining, or making interest.

Cany

CA'NY, adjective [from cane.] Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes.

Milton.

Canzone

CAN'ZONE, noun [Italian a song. See Cant.] A song or air in two or three parts, with passages of fugue and imitation; or a poem to which music may be composed in the style of a cantata. When set to a piece of instrumental music, it signifies much the same as cantata; and when set to a sonata, it signifies allegro, or a brisk movement.

Bailey. Busby.

Canzonet

CAN'ZONET, noun [Italian canzonetta.] A little or short song, in one, two or three parts. It sometimes consists of two strains, each of which is sung twice. Sometimes it is a species of jig.

Encyc. Busby.

Cap

CAP, noun [Saxon coeppe, a cap, and a cape, a cloke; Dutch kap; German kappe and haube; Danish kappe, a robe or coat; Swedish kappa, id; Italian cappa, a cap, a cloke; Welsh cap; French chape, chapeau; Armoric chap or cap. The sense is probably that which is put on. Class Gb. No. 70. also 31. 36.]

1. A part of dress made to cover the head.

2. The ensign of a cardinalate.

Shak.

3. The top, or the uppermost; the highest.

Thou art the cap of fools.

Shak.

4. A vessel in form of a cap.

Wilkins.

5. An act of respect, made by uncovering the head.

L'Estrange.

Cap of cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry; now called an apron.

Cap of maintenance, an ornament of state, carried before the Kings of England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some cities.

In ship-building, a cap is a thick strong block of wood, used to confine two masts together, when one is erected at the head of another.

Cap

CAP, verb transitive To cover the top, or end; to spread over; as, a bone is capped at the joint with a cartilaginous substance.

The cloud-capped towers.

Shak.

2. To deprive of the cap, or take off a cap.

To cap verses, is to name alternately verses beginning with a particular letter; to name in opposition or emulation; to name alternately in contest.

Johnson.

Cap

CAP, verb intransitive To uncover the head in reverence or civility. [Not used.]

Shak.

Cap-a-pie, [French] From head to foot; all over; as, armed cap-a-pie.

Cap-paper, noun A coarse paper, so called from being used to make caps to hold commodities.

Boyle.

Cap-sheaf, noun The top sheaf of a stack of grain; the crowner.

Capability

CAPABIL'ITY, noun [See Capable.] The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness.

Shak. Lavoisier, Trans.

Capable

CA'PABLE, adjective [French capable, from Latin capio, to take. See Class Gb. No. 68. 69. 75. 83.]

1. Able to hold or contain; able to receive; sufficiently capacious; often followed by of; as, the room is not capable of receiving, or capable of holding the company.

2. Endued with power competent to the object; as, a man is capable of judging, or he is not capable.

3. Possessing mental powers; intelligent; able to understand, or receive into the mind; having a capacious mind; as a capable judge; a capable instructor.

4. Susceptible; as, capable of pain or grief.

Prior.

5. Qualified for; susceptible of; as, a thing is capable of long duration; or it is capable of being colored or altered.

6. Qualified for, in a moral sense; having legal power or capacity; as, a bastard is not capable of inheriting an estate.

7. Hollow. [Not now used.]

Shak.

Capableness

CA'PABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being capable; capacity; power of understanding; knowledge.

Killingbeck.

Capacify

CAPAC'IFY, verb transitive To qualify. [Unusual.]

Barrow. Good.

Capacious

CAPA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin capax, from capio, to take or hold.]

1. Wide; large; that will hold much; as a capacious vessel.

2. Broad; extensive; as a capacious bay or harbor.

3. Extensive; comprehensive; able to take a wide view; as a capacious mind.

Capaciousness

CAPA'CIOUSNESS, noun Wideness; largeness; as of a vessel.

2. Extensiveness; largeness; as of a bay.

3. Comprehensiveness; power of taking a wide survey; applied to the mind.

Capacitate

CAPAC'ITATE, verb transitive [See Capacity.] To make capable; to enable; to furnish with natural power; as, to capacitate one for understanding a theorem.

2. To endue with moral qualifications; to qualify; to furnish with legal powers; as, to capacitate one for an office.

Capacitated

CAPAC'ITATED, participle passive Made capable; qualified.

Capacitation

CAPACITA'TION, noun The act of making capable.

Capacity

CAPAC'ITY, noun [Latin capacitas, from capax, capio; French capacitÃƒ-©.]

1. Passive power; the power of containing, or holding; extent of room or space; as the capacity of a vessel, or a cask.

2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind; the power of receiving ideas or knowledge.

Let instruction be adapted to the capacities of youth.

3. Active power; ability; applied to men or things; but less common, and correct.

The world does not include a cause endued with such capacities.

Blackmore.

4. State; condition; character; profession; occupation. A man may act in the capacity of a mechanic, of a friend, of an attorney, or of a statesman. He may have a natural or a political capacity.

5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense; qualification; legal power or right; as, a man or a corporation may have a capacity to give or receive and hold estate.

6. In geometry, the solid contents of a body.

7. In chimistry, that state, quality or constitution of bodies, by which they absorb and contain, or render latent, any fluid; as the capacity of water for caloric.

Caparison

CAPAR'ISON, noun [Spanish caparazon; Portugese caparazam, a cover put over the saddle of a horse, a cover for a coach; French caparaÃƒ-§on.]

A cloth or covering laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse, especially a sumpter horse or horse of state.

Milton.

Caparison

CAPAR'ISON, verb transitive To cover with a cloth, as a horse.

Dryden.

2. To dress pompously; to adorn with rich dress.

Shak.

Capcase

CAP'CASE, noun A covered case. [Little used.]

Burton.

Cape

CAPE, noun [Spanish Portugese cabo; Italian capo; French cap; Dutch kaap; Latin caput; Greek; Sanscrit cabala, head. It signifies end, furthest point, from extending, shooting.]

1. A head land; properly the head, point or termination of a neck of land, extending some distance into the sea, beyond the common shore, and hence the name is applied to the neck of land itself, indefinitely, as in Cape-Cod, Cape-Horn, Cape of Good Hope. It differs from a promontory in this, that it may be high or low land; but a promontory is a high bold termination of a neck of land.

2. The neck-piece of a cloke or coat.

Capelan

CAP'ELAN, noun A small-fish, about six inches in length, sholes of which appear off the coasts of Greenland, Iceland and Newfoundland. They constitute a large part of the food of the Greenlanders. Pennant.

Capella

CAPEL'LA, noun A bright fixed star in the left shoulder of the constellation Auriga.

Encyc.

Capellet

CAP'ELLET, noun A kind of swelling, like a wen, growing on the heel of the hock on a horse, and on the point of the elbow.

Encyc.

Caper

CA'PER, verb intransitive [French cabrer, to prance; cabriole, a goat-leap, a caper; Italian capriola, a wild goat, a caper in dancing; Spanish cabriola; Latin caper, a goat. But probably caper is from the root of capio, which signifies not merely to seize, but to shoot or reach forward, or to leap and seize. Hence it is probable that this word coincides in origin with Danish kipper, to leap, whence to skip.]

To leap; to skip or jump; to prance; to spring.

Shak.

Caper

CA'PER, noun A leap; a skip; a spring; as in dancing or mirth, or in the frolick of a goat or lamb.

Caper

CA'PER, noun [French capre; Armoric capresen; Spanish Portugese alcaparra; Italian cappero; Latin capparis; Dutch kapper; German kaper; Syriac kapar; Arabic kabaron. The Arabic verb signifies to increase.]

The bud of the caper-bush, which is much used for pickling. The buds are collected before the flowers expand, and preserved in vinegar. The bush is a low shrub, generally growing from the joints of old walls, from fissures in rocks and amongst rubbish, in the southern parts of Europe.

Encyc.

Caper-Bush

CA'PER-BUSH. [See Caper.]

Caper-CÃ¼Tting

CA'PER-CÃƒ-œTTING, noun A leaping or dancing in a frolicksome manner.

Beaum.

Caperer

CA'PERER, noun One who capers, leaps and skips about, or dances.

Capering

CA'PERING, participle of the present tense Leaping; skipping.

Capias

CA'PIAS, noun [Latin capio, to take.] In law, a writ of two sorts; one before judgment, called a capias ad respondendum, where an original is issued, to take the defendant, and make him answer to the plaintiff; the other, which issues after judgment, is of divers kinds; as a capias ad satisfaciendum, or writ of execution; a capias pro fine; a capias utlagatum; a capias in withernam.

Blackstone.

Capibar

CAP'IBAR, noun An animal partaking of the form of a hog and of a rabbit, the cabiai.

Capillaceous

CAPILLA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin capillaceus, hairy.] Hairy; resembling a hair. [See Capillary.]

Capillaire

CAPILLA'IRE, noun [French] A kind of sirrup, extracted from maiden-hair.

Mason.

Capillament

CAPIL'LAMENT, noun [Latin capillamentum, from capillus, hair, probably a little shoot.]

1. The filament, a small fine thread, like a hair, that grows in the middle of a flower, with a little knob at the top; a chive.

2. A fine fiber, or filament, of which the nerves are composed.

Capillary

CAP'ILLARY, adjective [Latin capillaris, from capillus, hair.]

1. Resembling a hair, fine, minute, small in diameter, though long; as a capillary tube or pipe; a capillary vessel in animal bodies, such as the ramifications of the blood vessels.

Arbuthnot.

2. In botany, capillary plants are hair-shaped, as the ferns; a term used by Ray, Boerhaave and Morison. This class of plants corresponds to the order of Filices, in the Sexual method, which bear their flower and fruit on the back of the leaf or stalk.

Milne.

This term is applied also to leaves which are longer than the setaceous or bristle-shaped leaf, to glands resembling hairs, to the filaments, to the style, and to the pappus or down affixed to some seeds.

Martyn.

Capillary

CAP'ILLARY, noun A fine vessel or canal.

Darwin.

Capillation

CAPILLA'TION, noun A blood vessel like a hair. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Capilliform

CAPIL'LIFORM, adjective [Latin capillus, a hair, and forma, form.]

In the shape or form of a hair, or of hairs.

Kirwan.

Capital

CAP'ITAL, adjective [Latin capitalis, from caput, the head. See Cape.]

1. Literally, pertaining to the head; as a capital bruise, in Milton, a bruise on the head. [This use is not common.]

2. Figuratively, as the head is the highest part of a man, chief; principal; first in importance; as a capital city or town; the capital articles of religion.

3. Punishable by loss of the head or of life; incurring the forfeiture of life; punishable with death; as, treason and murder are capital offenses or crimes.

4. Taking away life, as a capital punishment; or affecting life, as a capital trial.

5. Great, important, though perhaps not chief; as, a town possesses capital advantages for trade.

6. Large; of great size; as capital letters, which are of different form, and larger than common letters.

Capital stock, is the sum of money or stock which a merchant, banker or manufacturer employs in his business; either the original stock, or that stock augmented. Also, the sum of money or stock which each partner contributes to the joint fund or stock of the partnership; also, the common fund or stock of the company, whether incorporated or not.

A capital city or town is the metropolis or chief city of an empire, kingdom, state or province. The application of the epithet indicates the city to be the largest, or to be the seat of government, or both. In many instances, the capital, that is, the largest city, is not the seat of government.

Capital

CAP'ITAL, noun [Latin capitellum.] The uppermost part of a column, pillar or pilaster, serving as the head or crowning, and placed immediately over the shaft, and under the entablature.

Encyc.

By the customary omission of the noun, to which the adjective, capital, refers, it stands for,

1. The chief city or town in a kingdom or state; a metropolis.

2. A large letter or type, in printing.

3. A stock in trade, in manufactures, or in any business requiring the expenditure of money with a view to profit.

Capitalist

CAP'ITALIST, noun A man who has a capital or stock in trade, usually denoting a man of large property, which is or may be employed in business.

Burke. Stephens.

Capitally

CAP'ITALLY, adverb In a capital manner; nobly; finely.

2. With loss of life; as, to punish capitally.

Capitalness

CAP'ITALNESS, noun A capital offense. [Little used.]

Sherwood.

Capitate

CAP'ITATE, adjective [Latin capitatus, from caput, a head.]

In botany, growing in a head, applied to a flower, or stigma.

Martyn. Lee.

Capitation

CAPITA'TION, noun [Latin capitatio, from caput, the head.]

1. Numeration by the head; a numbering of persons.

Brown.

2. A tax, or imposition upon each head or person; a poll-tax. Sometimes written Capitation-tax.

Encyc.

Capite

CAP'ITE. [Latin caput, the head, abl.] In English law, a tenant in capite, or in chief, is one who holds lands immediately of the king, caput, the head or Lord Paramount of all lands in the kingdom, by knight's service or by soccage. This tenure is called tenure in capite; but it was abolished in England, by 12 Charles II. 24.

Blackstone.

Capitol

CAP'ITOL, noun [Latin capitolium, from caput, the head.]

1. The temple of Jupiter in Rome, and a fort or castle, on the Mons Capitolinus. In this, the Senate of Rome anciently assembled; and on the same place, is still the city hall or town-house, where the conservators of the Romans hold their meetings. The same name was given to the principal temples of the Romans in their colonies.

Encyc.

2. The edifice occupied by the Congress of the United States in their deliberations. In some states, the State-house, or house in which the legislature holds its sessions; a government house.

Capitolian

CAPITO'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to the capitol in Rome.

D'Anville.

Capitoline

CAP'ITOLINE, adjective Pertaining to the capitol in Rome. The Capitoline Games were annual games instituted by Camillus in honor of Jupiter Capitolinus, and in commemoration of the preservation of the capitol from the Gauls, and other games instituted by Domitian and celebrated every five years.

Encyc.

Capitular

CAPIT'ULAR, or CAPIT'ULARY, noun [Latin capitulum, a head or chapter.]

1. An act passed in a chapter, either of knights, canons or religious.

2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical council. This name is also given to the laws, civil and ecclesiastical, made by Charlemagne, and other princes, in general councils and assemblies of the people. Some indeed have alledged that these are supplements to laws. They are so called, because they are divided into chapters or sections.

Encyc.

3. The member of a chapter.

Capitularly

CAPIT'ULARLY, adverb In the form of an ecclesiastical chapter.

swift.

Capitulary

CAPIT'ULARY, adjective Relating to the chapter of a cathedral.

Warton.

Capitulate

CAPIT'ULATE, verb intransitive [from capitulum, supra.]

1. To draw up a writing in chapters, heads or articles.

Shak.

[But this sense is not usual.]

2. To surrender, as an army or garrison, to an enemy, by treaty, in which the terms of surrender are specified and agreed to by the parties. The term is applicable to a garrison or to the inhabitants of a besieged place, or to an army or troops in any situation in which they are subdued or compelled to submit to a victorious enemy.

Capitulation

CAPITULA'TION, noun The act of capitulating, or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms or conditions.

2. The treaty or instrument containing the conditions of surrender.

3. A reducing to heads. [Not much used.]

4. In German polity, a contract which the Emperor makes with the electors, in the names of the princes and states of the empire, before he is raised to the imperial dignity.

Capitulator

CAPIT'ULATOR, noun One who capitulates.

Sherwood.

Capitule

CAP'ITULE, noun A summary. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Capivi

CAPIVI, noun A balsam of the Spanish West-Indies. [See Copaiba.]

Capnomancy

CAP'NOMANCY, noun [Greek, smoke, and, divination.] Divination by the ascent or motion of smoke.

Spenser.

Capoch

CAPO'CH, noun [Spanish capucho, a hood; French capuce.] A monk's hood.

Capon

CA'PON, noun [Spanish capon; Portugese capam; Italian cappone; French chapon; Latin capo; Irish cabun; Dutch kapoen; German kapaun; Armoric cabon; Swedish Danish kapun; Greek. Qu. the root of French couper.] A castrated cock; a cock-chicken gelded as soon as he quits his dam, or as soon as he begins to crow.

Capon

CA'PON, verb transitive To castrate, as a cock. Birch.

Caponniere

CAPONNIE'RE, noun [French, Spanish caponera, Italian capponiera, a little cut or trench, and it seems to be allied to capon, Spanish caponar, to cut or curtail.]

In fortification, a covered lodgment, sunk four or five feet into the ground, encompassed with a parapet, about two feet high, serving to support several planks, laden with earth. It is large enough to contain 15 or 20 soldiers, and is placed in the glacis, at the extremity of the counterscarp, and in dry moats, with embrasures or loop holes, through which the soldiers may fire.

Harris. Encyc.

Capot

CAPO'T, noun [French, probably from Latin capio, to seize.]

A winning of all the tricks of cards at the game of piquet.

Johnson.

Capot

CAPO'T, verb transitive To win all the tricks of cards at picquet.

Capper

CAP'PER, noun [from cap.] One whose business is to make or sell caps.

Capreolate

CAP'REOLATE, adjective [Latin capreolus, a tendril, properly a shoot, from the root of capra, a goat.]

In botany, having tendrils, or filiform spiral claspers, by which plants fasten themselves to other bodies, as in vines, peas, &c.

Harris. Martyn.

Caprice

CAPRICE, noun [French caprice; Spanish Portugese capricho; Italian capriccio, a shaking in fever, rigors; also, whim, freak, fancy. I suspect this word to be formed, with a prefix ca, on the root of freak, break; denoting primarily a sudden bursting, breaking, or starting. So we see in Italian, maglio, and camaglio, a mail. In early English writers, it is written, according to the Spanish, capricho. If formed from the root of capio, caper, the primary sense is the same.]

A sudden start of the mind; a sudden change of opinion, or humor; a whim, freak, or particular fancy.

Capricious

CAPRI'CIOUS, adjective Freakish; whimsical; apt to change opinions suddenly, or to start from one's purpose; unsteady; changeable; fickle; fanciful; subject to change or irregularity; as a man of a capricious temper.

Capriiously

CAPRI'IOUSLY, adverb In a capricious manner; whimsically.

Capriciousness

CAPRI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being led by caprice; whimsicalness; unsteadiness of purpose or opinion.

2. Unsteadiness; liableness to sudden changes; as the capriciousness of fortune.

Capricorn

CAP'RICORN, noun [Latin capricornus, caper, a goat, and cornu, a horn.]

One of the twelve signs of the zodiac, the winter solstice; represented on ancient monuments, by the figure of a goat, or a figure having the fore part like a goat and the hind part like a fish.

Encyc.

Caprification

CAPRIFICA'TION, noun [Latin caprificatio.] A method of ripening figs by means of a gnat or insect that pricks the bud.

Encyc.

Caprifole

CAP'RIFOLE, noun [Latin caprifolium.] Honeysuckle; woodbine.

Spenser.

Capriform

CAP'RIFORM, adjective [Latin caper, a goat, and forma, form.] Having the form of a goat.

Eclectic Review.

Capriole

CAP'RIOLE, noun [French, now cabriole; Spanish Portugese cabriola; Italian capriola, a caper.]

In the manege, caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in the same place without advancing, in such a manner that when he is at the highth of the leap, he jerks out with his hind legs, even and near. It differs from the croupade in this, that, in a croupade, a horse does not show his shoes, and from a balotade, in which he does not jerk out.

Farrier's Dict.

Capriped

CAP'RIPED, adjective [Latin caper, a goat, and pes, foot.]

Having feet like those of a goat.

Capsicum

CAP'SICUM, noun Guinea pepper.

Chambers.

Capsize

CAPSI'ZE, verb transitive To upset or overturn; a seaman's phrase.

Mar. Dict.

Capstan

CAP'STAN, noun sometimes written capstern. [French cabestan; Spanish cabestrante; Portugese cabrestante, from cabresto, Spanish cabestro, a halter; Latin capistrum; Saxon coepster, or coebestr, a halter. The Spanish has also cabria, an axle-tree, and cabrio, a rafter. Capstan is probably from Latin capio, to hold, with some other word.]

A strong massy column of timber, formed like a truncated cone, and having its upper extremity pierced to receive bars or levers, for winding a rope round it, to raise great weights, or perform other extraordinary work, that requires a great power. It may be let down through the decks of a ship, and so fixed that the work is performed by a horizontal motion.

Mar. Dict.

Capsular

CAP'SULAR, or CAP'SULARY, adjective Hollow like a chest.

2. Capsular ligament, is that which surrounds every movable articulation, and contains the synovia like a bag.

Hooper.

Capsulate

CAP'SULATE, or CAP'SULATED, adjective Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.

Botany.

Capsule

CAP'SULE, noun [Latin capsula, a little chest, perhaps from capio, to take.]

The seed vessel of a plant; a dry membranaceous hollow pericarp, opening differently in different plants. It is composed of valves or outer covering, partitions, the columella or central pillar, and cells.

Martyn. Milne.

Captain

CAP'TAIN, noun [French capitaine; Spanish capitan; Portugese capitam; Italian capitano; from Latin caput, the head. In the feudal laws of Europe, the term was applied to tenants in capite, who were bound to attend their prince in his wars, at the head of soldiers, and from this practice the name had its origin, or from their command.]

1. Literally, a head or chief officer; appropriately, the military officer who commands a company, whether of infantry, cavalry, artillery or matrosses.

2. The commander of a ship of war, or of a merchantman. But the latter is often called a master.

3. The commander of a military band, a sense that occurs in the scriptures; as a captain of fifty.

4. A man skilled in war or military affairs; as, Lord Wellington is a great captain.

5. A chief commander. Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composition.

Captain-general, is the commander in chief of an army, or of the militia. The governor of a state is Captain-General of the militia.

U. States.

Captain-Lieutenant, is an officer, who with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, commands a company or troop. Thus the colonel of a regiment being the captain of the first company, that company is commanded by a Captain-Lieutenant.

Captain-Bashaw, or Capudan Bashaw, in Turkey, is the High Admiral.

Captain

CAP'TAIN, adjective Chief; valiant.

Shak.

Captaincy

CAP'TAINCY, noun The rank, post or commission of a captain.

Washington.

2. The jurisdiction of a captain, or commander, as in South America.

Captainry

CAP'TAINRY, noun The power or command over a certain district; chieftainship.

Spenser. Johnson.

Captainship

CAP'TAINSHIP, noun The condition or post of a captain or chief commander.

Shak.

2. The rank, quality or post of a captain. In lieu of this captaincy is now used.

3. The command of a clan, or government of a certain district.

Davies.

4. Skill in military affairs.

Captation

CAPTA'TION, noun [Latin captatio, from capto, to catch.]

The act or practice of catching favor or applause, by flattery or address.

King Charles.

Caption

CAP'TION, noun [Latin captio, from capio, to seize.]

1. The act of taking, or apprehending by a judicial process. [Little used.]

2. A certificate signed by commissioners in Chancery, declaring when and where the commission was executed.

Ash.

3. A preamble.

4. In Scots law, a writ issued at the instance of a creditor, commanding an officer to take and imprison the debtor, till he pays the debt.

Captious

CAP'TIOUS, adjective [Latin captiosus, from capto, to catch.]

1. Disposed to find fault, or raise objections; apt to cavil, as in popular language, it is said, apt to catch at; as a captious man.

2. Fitted to catch or ensnare; insidious; as a captious question.

Locke.

3. Proceeding from a caviling disposition; as a captious objection or criticism.

Captiously

CAP'TIOUSLY, adverb In a captious manner; with an inclination or intention to object, or censure.

Locke.

Captiousness

CAP'TIOUSNESS, noun Disposition to find fault; inclination to object; peevishness.

Locke.

Captivate

CAP'TIVATE, verb transitive [Latin captivo, from captivus, a prisoner, from capto, to take; French captiver; Spanish cautivar; Portugese cativar; Italian cattivare.]

1. To take prisoner; to seize by force; as an enemy in war.

Shak. Locke. B. Trumbull.

2. To subdue; to bring into bondage.

King Charles.

3. To overpower and gain with excellence or beauty; to charm; to engage the affections; to bind in love.

Addison.

4. To enslave; with to; as, captivated to error.

Locke.

Captivate

CAP'TIVATE, adjective Taken prisoner.

Shak.

Captivated

CAP'TIVATED, participle passive Made prisoner; charmed.

Captivating

CAP'TIVATING, participle of the present tense Taking prisoner; engaging the affections.

2. adjective Having power to engage the affections.

Captivation

CAPTIVA'TION, noun The act of taking a prisoner; a taking one captive.

Captive

CAP'TIVE, noun [French captif; Spanish cautivo; Italian

cattivo, whence caitiff; Latin captivus, from capto, to seize.]

1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem in war, by an enemy; followed by to; as a captive to the victor.

2. One who is charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence; one whose affections are seized, or who is held by strong ties of love.

3. One who is ensnared by love or flattery, or by wiles. 2 Timothy 2:26.

4. A slave. Anciently captives were enslaved by their conquerors. But in modern times, they are not made slaves in christian countries; and the word captive, in a literal sense, rarely signifies a slave.

Captive

CAP'TIVE, adjective Made prisoner in war; kept in bondage, or confinement; as captive souls.

Dryden.

2. Holding in confinement; as captive chains.

Captive

CAP'TIVE, verb transitive To take prisoner; to bring into subjection. Obs.

Dryden. Prior.

Captivity

CAPTIV'ITY, noun [French captivite; Latin captivitas, from capto to seize.]

1. The state of being a prisoner, or of being in the power of an enemy by force or the fate of war.

Dryden.

2. Subjection to love.

Addison.

3. Subjection; a state of being under control.

Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ. 2 Corinthians 10.

4. Subjection; servitude; slavery.

But I see another law in my membersÃ‚--bringing me into captivity to the law of sin. Romans 7.

To lead captivity captive, in scripture, is to subdue those who have held others in slavery, or captivity. Psalm 68.

Captor

CAP'TOR, noun [Latin capio, to take.] One who takes, as a prisoner or a prize. It is appropriately one who takes a prize at sea.

Capture

CAP'TURE, noun [Latin captura; French capture; from Latin capio, to take.]

1. In a general sense, the act of taking or seizing; as the capture of an enemy, of a ship, or of booty, by force, surprise or stratagem.

2. The thing taken; a prize; prey taken by force, surprise or stratagem.

3. Seizure; arrest; as the capture of a criminal or debtor.

Capture

CAP'TURE, verb transitive To take or seize by force, surprise or stratagem, as an enemy or his property; to take by force under the authority of a commission; as to capture a ship.

Captured

CAP'TURED, participle passive Taken as a prize.

Capturing

CAP'TURING, participle of the present tense Seizing as a prize.

Capuccio

CAPU'CCIO, noun [Italian] A capuchin or hood.

Capuched

CAPU'CHED, adjective Covered with a hood. [Little used.]

Brown.

Capuchin

CAPUCHIN, noun [French capucine, from capuce, a hood or cowl.]

1. A garment for females, consisting of a cloke and hood, made in imitation of the dress of capuchin monks.

Johnson.

2. A pigeon whose head is covered with feathers.

Capuchins

CAPUCHINS, noun Monks of the order of St. Francis, who cover their heads with a capuce, capuchon, a stuff-cap or cowl. They are clothed in brown or gray, go bare-footed, and never shave their faces.

Encyc.

Capucine

CAP'UCINE, noun A species of monkey, the sagoo or saÃƒ-¯.

Capulin

CAP'ULIN, noun The Mexican cherry.

Car

CAR, CAER, CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the Celtic Caer, a town or city, as in Caermarthen.

Car

C`AR, noun [Welsh car; Irish carr, carra, or cairt; Armoric qarr; Dutch and German karre; Swedish k?rra; Danish karre; Spanish Italian Portugese carro; Latin carrus, or currus; French char, whence chariot; Saxon croet, a cart. The sense is probably taken from running on wheels. See Current.]

1. A small vehicle moved on wheels, usually drawn by one horse.

Johnson.

2. In poetical language, any vehicle of dignity or splendor; a chariot of war, or of triumph.

Milton. Prior.

3. The constellation called Charles's wain or the bear.

Dryden.

Carabine

CAR'ABINE, or CARBINE, noun [French carabine; Spanish carabina; Italian id.]

A short gun or fire arm, carrying a ball of 24 to the pound, borne by light horsemen, and hanging by a belt over the left shoulder. The barrel is two feet and a half long, and sometimes furrowed.

Carabineer

CARABINEE'R, noun A man who carries a carabine; one who carries a longer carabine than others, which is sometimes used on foot.

Encyc.

Carac

CAR'AC, or CAR'ACK, noun [Portugese carraca; French caraque; Spanish carraca; allied to Italian carico, a burden, cargo.]

A large ship of burden; a Portuguese Indiaman.

Caracol

CAR'ACOL, noun [French caracole, a wheeling about; Spanish caracol, a small cone, a winding staircase, a snail; Italian caracollo, a wheeling.]

1. In the manege, a semi-round, or half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or left. In the army, the cavalry make a caracol after each discharge, in order to pass to the rear of the squadron.

Encyc.

2. In architecture, a staircase in a helix or spiral form.

Encyc.

Caracol

CAR'ACOL, verb intransitive To move in a caracol; to wheel.

Caracoly

CAR'ACOLY, noun A mixture of gold, silver and copper, of which are made rings, pendants and other toys for the savages.

Carat

CAR'AT, noun [Italian carato; French carat; Dutch karaat; German karat; Greek, a little horn, a pod, and the berry of a pod, used for a weight of four grains. From the Greeks, it is said, the Arabians borrowed their karat, a weight used in Mecca, equal to the twenty-fourth of a denarius, or denier. See Castell, Col. 3448, and Ludolj, 199.]

1. The weight of four grains, used by goldsmiths and jewelers in weighing precious stones and pearls.

Encyc.

2. The weight that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many carats. Thus gold of twenty-two parts of pure metal, is gold of twenty-two carats. The carat in Great Britain is divided into four grains; among the Germans into twelve parts; and among the French into thirty-two.

Encyc.

3. The value of any thing. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Caravan

CAR'AVAN, noun [Arabic from karau, to stretch along, to follow, to proceed from place to place. Spanish caravana; French caravane. Pers. as Arabic]

A company of travellers, pilgrims or merchants, marching or proceeding in a body over the deserts of Arabia, or other region infested with robbers.

Caravansary

CARAVAN'SARY, noun A place appointed for receiving and loading caravans; a kind of inn, where the caravans rest at night, being a large square building, with a spacious court in the middle.

Encyc.

Caravel

CAR'AVEL, or C`ARVEL, noun [Spanish caravela; Italian caravello; French caravelle.]

1. A small vessel on the coast of France, used in the herring fishery. These vessels are usually from 25 to 30 tons burden.

2. A light, round, old-fashioned ship.

Johnson.

Caraway

CAR'AWAY, noun [Greek,; Latin caros, careum; French carvi; Spanish alcaravea or alcarahueya; Dutch kerwe; Arabic karawia.]

A plant of the genus Carum, a biennial plant, with a taper root like a parsnip, which, when young, is good eating. The seeds have an aromatic smell and a warm pungent taste. They are used in cakes, incrusted with sugar, and distilled with spirituous liquors.

Encyc.

Carbon

C`ARBON, noun [Latin carbo, a coal; Spanish carbon; Italian carbone; French charbon. Qu. Greek, to dry, or the root of char, Russ, charyu, to burn.]

Pure charcoal; a simple body, black, brittle, light and inodorous. It is usually the remains of some vegetable body, from which all its volatile matter has been expelled by heat. When crystalized, it forms the diamond; and by means of a galvanic apparatus, it is found to capable of fusion.

Carbonaceous

CARBONA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to charcoal. [See Carbonic.]

Carbonade

C`ARBONADE, or CARBONA'DO, noun [from carbo, supra.] In cookery, flesh, fowl or the like, cut across, seasoned and broiled on coals. Obs.

Shak.

Carbonade

C`ARBONADE, or CARBONA'DO, verb transitive To cut or hack. Obs.

Shak.

Carbonate

C`ARBONATE, noun In chimistry, a compound formed by the union of carbonic acid with a base; as the carbonate of lime; a carbonate of copper.

Carbonated

C`ARBONATED, adjective Combined with carbon.

Lavoisier.

Carbonic

CARBON'IC, adjective Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. The carbonic acid is a saturated combination of carbon and oxygen. It has been called fixed air, aerial acid, mephitic gas, and cretaceous acid, or acid of chalk. It is found, in some places, in a stare of gas; it exists in the atmosphere, and is disengaged from fermenting liquors, and from decomposing vegetable and animal substances. It is heavier than common air, and subsides into low places, vaults and wells.

Hooper.

Carboniferous

CARBONIF'EROUS, adjective [carbo and fero, to bear.] Producing carbon, or coal.

Kirwan, Geol.

Carbonization

CARBONIZA'TION, noun The act or process of carbonizing.

Carbonize

C`ARBONIZE, verb transitive To convert into carbon by combustion or the action of fire; to expel from wood or other substance all volatile matter.

Carbonized

C`ARBONIZED, participle passive Converted into carbon or charcoal.

Carbonohydrous

CARBONOHY'DROUS, adjective [carbon and Greek, water.] Composed of carbon and hydrogen.

Carbonous

C`ARBONOUS, a. Carbonous acid is carbon not fully saturated with oxygen.

Lavoisier.

Carbuncle

C`ARBUNCLE, noun [Latin carbunculus, a little coal, from carbo.]

1. An anthrax; an inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer.

Coxe. Hooper.

2. A beautiful gem, of a deep red color, with a mixture of scarlet, called by the Greeks anthrax, found in the East Indies. It is found pure, and adhering to a heavy ferruginous stone, of the emery kind. It is usually a quarter of an inch in length, and two-thirds of that in diameter, of an angular figure. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes exactly of the color of a burning coal.

Encyc.

The carbuncle of the ancients is supposed to have been a garnet.

Cleaveland.

3. In heraldry, a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which make a common cross, and the other four, a saltier.

Encyc.

Carbuncled

C`ARBUNCLED, adjective Set with carbuncles; spotted.

Carbuncular

CARBUNC'ULAR, adjective Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red; inflamed.

Carbunculation

CARBUNCULA'TION, noun [Latin carbunculatio, from carbunculo, to burn to a coal, to blast. See Carbon.]

The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or cold.

Harris.

Carburet

C`ARBURET, noun A combination of carbon with a metal, earth or alkali.

Lavoisier.

A combination of carbon with a simple inflammable or a metal.

Webster.

Carbureted

C`ARBURETED, adjective Combined with carbon, or holding carbon in solution; as carbureted hydrogen gas.

Carbureted hydrogen consists of one prime equivalent of each.

Ure.

Carbureted hydrogen gas is called hydro-carbonate, being resolvable into carbonic acid and water, by combustion with oxygen.

Aiken.

Carbureted is applied to gaseous compounds.

Thus we say carbureted hydrogen, instead of carburet of hydrogen.

Silliman.

Carcajo

C`ARCAJO, noun The glutton, a voracious carnivorous animal.

Carcanet

C`ARCANET, noun [French carcan, a chain; Italian carcame.] A chain or collar of jewels.

Shak. Hakewell.

Carcass

C`ARCASS, noun [French carcasse; Italian carcame; Norm. carkoys, a mast, and a carcass. Qu. Greek.]

1. The body of an animal; usually the body when dead. It is not applied to the living body of the human species, except in low or ludicrous language.

2. The decaying remains of a bulky thing, as of a boat or ship.

3. The frame or main parts of a thing, unfinished or without ornament. This seems to be the primary sense of the word. [See the next word.]

Hale.

Carcass

C`ARCASS, noun [Italian carcassa; Spanish carcax; French carcasse; Dutch karkas.]

An iron case or hollow vessel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt-peter, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, &c., to be thrown from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings. It has two or three apertures, from which the fire blazes, and the light sometimes serves as a direction in throwing shells. It is equipped with pistol-barrels, loaded with powder to the muzzle, which explode as the composition burns down to them. This instrument is probably named from the ribs of iron that form it, which resemble the ribs of a human carcass.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Carcelage

C`ARCELAGE, noun [Latin carcer.] Prison fees. [Not in use.]

Carceral

C`ARCERAL, adjective Belonging to a prison.

Carcinoma

CARCINO'MA, noun [Greek, from, a cancer.]

A cancer; also, a turgesence of the veins of the eye.

Coxe.

Carcinomatous

CARCINO'MATOUS, adjective Cancerous; like a cancer, or tending to it.

Card

C`ARD noun [French carte; Spanish Portugese Italian carta; Latin charta; Greek; Dutch kaart; German karte; Danish kort; Irish cairt; perhaps from bark, Latin cortex, Irish coirt or cairt, or the same root.]

1. A paper or pasteboard of an oblong figure, on which are painted figures or points; used in games.

2. A blank piece of paper, or the like paper with some writing upon it, used in messages of civility, or business.

3. The paper on which the points of the compass are marked.

Reason the card, but passion is the gale.

Pope.

Card

C`ARD, verb intransitive To play much at cards; to gain.

Johnson.

Card

C`ARD, noun [Dutch kaard; German kardetsche; Danish karde; Swedish karda; French carde; Armoric encardoner; Spanish carda, teasel, and a card; Portugese carda, a card, and cardo, a thistle; Latin carduus; Italian cardo, a thistle and a card; Latin caro, to card; Irish cir, a comb. It seems that card, and Latin carduus, are the same word, and probably the plant, teasel, is the original word, or both are from a common root. The French carde is a card, and the stalks of the artichoke. Artichoke is so written for cardichoke.]

An instrument for combing, opening and breaking wool or flax, freeing it from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter. It is made by inserting bent teeth of wire in a thick piece of leather, and nailing this to a piece of oblong board, to which a handle is attached.

Card

C`ARD, verb transitive To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, &c., with a card, for the purpose of cleansing it of extraneous matter, separating the coarser parts, and making it fine and soft for spinning.

Cardamine

C`ARDAMINE, noun [Greek] The plant, meadow cresses, or cuckow flower.

Cardamom

C`ARDAMOM noun [Greek.] A plant of the genus Amomum, and its seeds, a native of India. The seeds of this plant, which grow in a pod, have a warm aromatic flavor, and are used in medicine.

Encyc.

Carded

C`ARDED, participle passive Combed; opened; cleansed with cards.

Carder

C`ARDER, noun One who cards wool; also, one who plays much at cards.

Wotton.

Cardiac

C`ARDIAC, or C`ARDIACAL, adjective [Latin cardiacus; Greek, from, the heart.]

1. Pertaining to the heart.

2. Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; having the quality of stimulating action in the system, invigorating the spirits, and giving strength and cheerfulness.

Med. Dict.

Cardiac

C`ARDIAC, noun A medicine which excites action in the stomach, and animates the spirits.

Cardialgy

C`ARDIALGY, noun [Greek, the heart, and, pain.]

The heart-burn, a violent sensation of heat and acrimony in the upper or left orifice of the stomach, seemingly at the heart, but rising into the oesophagus. It is called also the cardiac passion.

Cardinal

C`ARDINAL, adjective [Latin cardinalis, said to be from cardo, a hinge.]

Chief, principal, preeminent, or fundamental; as the cardinal virtues, which Pagans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance and fortitude.

Cardinal

C`ARDINAL, noun An ecclesiastical prince in the Romish church, who has a voice in the conclave at the election of a Pope, who is taken from their number. The cardinals are divided into three classes or orders, containing six bishops, fifty priests, and fourteen deacons, making seventy. These constitute the sacred college, and compose the Pope's council. Originally they were subordinate in rank to bishops; but they have now the precedence. The dress of a cardinal is a red soutaine or cassock, a rocket, a short purple mantle and a red hat.

Encyc. Spelman.

2. A woman's cloke.

Cardinal-flower, a plant of the genus Lobelia, of many species. They are fibrousrooted perennials, rising from two to five or six feet high, with erect stalks, ornamented with oblong, oval, spear-shaped simple leaves, and spikes of beautiful monopetalous flowers of scarlet, blue and violet colors. The natives of this country use a decoction of one species, the siphilitica, as a remedy in the venereal disease.

Encyc.

Cardinal numbers, are the numbers, one, two, three, &c., in distinction from first, second, third, &c., which are called ordinal numbers.

Cardinal points, in cosmography, are the four intersections of the horizon with the meridian, and the prime vertical circle, or North and South, East and West. In astrology, the cardinal points are the rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir.

Cardinal signs, in astronomy, are Aries, Libra, Cancer and Capricorn.

Cardinal winds, are those which blow from the cardinal points.

Cardinalate

C`ARDINALATE, or C`ARDINALSHIP, noun The office, rank or dignity of a cardinal.

Cardinalize

C`ARDINALIZE, verb transitive To make a cardinal. [Little used.]

Sheldon.

Carding

C`ARDING, participle of the present tense Combing, as flax, wool, &c.

2. The act of playing at cards. [Little used.]

Carding-Machine

C`ARDING-MACHINE, noun A machine lately invented, for combing, breaking and cleansing wool and cotton. It consists of cylinders, thick set with teeth, and moved by the force of water, steam, &c.

Cardioid

C`ARDIOID, noun [Greek, heart, and, form.]

An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.

Chambers.

Cardite

C`ARDITE, noun Fossil or petrified shells of the genus Cardium.

Jameson.

Card-Maker

C`ARD-MAKER, noun [card and maker.] A maker of cards.

Card-Match

C`ARD-MATCH, noun [card and match.] A match made by dipping pieces of card in melted sulphur.

Addison.

Cardoon

CARDOON', noun [Spanish cardon; Latin carduus.] A species of Cynara, resembling the artichoke, but larger.

Chambers.

Card-Table

C`ARD-TABLE, noun The table appropriated to the use of gamesters, or used for playing cards on.

Care

CARE, noun [Saxon car, cara; Gothic kar, kara; Irish car; Latin cura. In Welch, cur is care, anxiety; also, a blow or beating, a throb; curaw, to beat, strike or throb, to fight; curiaw, to trouble, vex, pine, or waste away. In Latin curo signifies to care, and to cure. In Spanish curar is to prescribe medicine; to salt or cure, as flesh; to season, as timber; to bleach, as cloth; intransitively, to recover from sickness; and reciprocally, to take care of one's self. In Italian, curare is to cure, attend, protect, defend, and to value or esteem. In French, curer is to cleanse; "curer les dens," to pick the teeth; cure is a benefice. The primary sense is, to strain, or stretch, as in care, attention, and curious is stretching forward; but the sense of separating, or driving off, is comprehended, which gives the French sense, and the sense of prying into is included in curious. The sense of healing is from that of care, or making sound and strong. The Welch sense of beating is from driving, thrusting, coinciding with straining. See Cark and Cure.]

1. Concern; anxiety; solicitude; noting some degree of pain in the mind, from apprehension of evil.

They shall eat bread by weight and with care. Ezekiel 4.

2. Caution; a looking to; regard; attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection, as in the phrase, "take care of yourself."

A want of care does more damage than a want of knowledge.

Franklin.

3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and prosperity; as, he was under the care of a physician.

That which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches. 2 Corinthians 11.

4. The object of care, or watchful regard and attention; as, "Is she thy care?"

Dryden.

Care

CARE, verb intransitive To be anxious or solicitous; to be concerned about.

Master, carest thou not that we perish? Mark 4.

2. To be inclined or disposed; to have regard to; with for before a noun, and to before a verb. "Not caring to observe the wind." "Great masters in painting never care for drawing people in the fashion." In this sense the word implies a less degree of concern. The different degrees of anxiety expressed by this word constitute the chief differences in its signification or applications.

Care-Crazed

CA'RE-CRAZED, adjective [care and craze.] Broken or disordered by care, or solicitude; as a care-crazed mother.

Shak.

Care-Defying

CARE-DEFY'ING, adjective Bidding defiance to care.

Shenstone.

Care-Tuned

CA'RE-TUNED, adjective Tuned by care; mournful.

Shak.

Care-Wounded

CA'RE-WOUNDED, adjective Wounded with care.

May.

Careen

CAREE'N, verb transitive [French carener, from carene, the side and keel of a ship, Latin carina; Spanish carenar; Portugese querenar; Italian carenare.]

1. In sea language, to heave or bring a ship to lie on one side, for the purpose of calking, repairing, cleansing, or paying over with pitch, the other side.

Mar. Dict.

Careen

CAREE'N, verb intransitive To incline to one side, as a ship under a press of sail.

Mar. Dict.

Careened

CAREE'NED, participle passive Laid on one side; inclined.

Careening

CAREE'NING, participle of the present tense Heaving down on one side; inclining.

Careening

CAREE'NING, noun The act of heaving down on one side, as a ship.

Career

CAREE'R, noun [French carriere; Spanish carrera; Portugese carreira; Italian carriera. It is from the root of car, and Latin curro, from the sense of running.]

1. A course; a race, or running; a rapid running; speed in motion.

Wilkins. Prior.

2. General course of action or movement; procedure; course of proceeding.

Continue and proceed in honor's fair career.

Dryden.

3. The ground on which a race is run.

Johnson.

4. In the manege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which they run the ring.

Encyc.

5. In falconry, a flight or tour of the hawk, about 120 yards.

Encyc.

Career

CAREE'R, verb intransitive To move or run rapidly.

When a ship is decked out in all her canvas, every sail swelled, and careering gayly over the curling waves, how lofty, how gallant she appears!

Irving.

Careering

CAREE'RING, participle passive Running or moving with speed.

Careful

CA'REFUL, adjective [See Care.] Full of care; anxious; solicitous.

Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things. Luke 10.

2. Provident; attentive to support and protect; with of or for.

Thou hast been careful for us with all care. 2 Kings 4.

What could a careful father more have done.

Dryden.

In present usage careful is generally followed by of; as, careful of health.

3. Watchful; cautious; giving good heed; as, be careful to maintain good works; be careful to your conversation.

4. Filling with care or solicitude; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble; full of cares.

Raised to a careful height.

Shak.

Carefully

CA'REFULLY, adverb With care, anxiety, or solicitude.

Though he sought it carefully with tears. Hebrews 12.

2. Heedfully; watchfully; attentively; as, consider these precepts carefully.

If thou carefully hearken to the Lord. Deuteronomy 15.

3. In a manner that shows care.

Envy, how carefully does it look.

Collier.

4. Providently; cautiously.

Johnson.

Carefulness

CA'REFULNESS, noun Anxiety; solicitude.

Drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness. Ezekiel 12.

2. Heedfulness; caution; vigilance, in guarding against evil, and providing for safety.

Careless

CA'RELESS, adjective [care and less, Saxon leas, Gothic laus. See Loose.]

1. Having no care; heedless; negligent; unthinking; inattentive; regardless; unmindful; followed by of or about; as a careless mother; a mother careless of or about her children, is an unnatural parent.

2. Free from care or anxiety; whence, undisturbed; cheerful.

Thus wisely careless, innocently gay.

Pope.

3. Done or said without care; unconsidered; as a careless throw; a careless expression.

4. Not regarding with care; unmoved by; unconcerned for; as, careless of money; careless of consequences.

5. Contrived without art.

Bp. Taylor.

Carelessly

CA'RELESSLY, adverb In a careless manner or way; negligently; heedlessly; inattentively; without care or concern.

Carelessness

CA'RELESSNESS, noun Heedlessness; inattention; negligence; manner without care.

Carentane

CAR'ENTANE, noun [French quarantaine, forty.]

A papal indulgence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties.

Taylor.

Caress

CARESS', verb transitive [French caresser; Armoric cheri¸za, to caress, and to cherish; Welsh caredigaw; Italian carezza, flattery, a caressing; careggiare, to coax, flatter, esteem; Spanish caricia, a caress; acariciar, to caress, cherish, fondle; Portugese id. It may be from the common root of Latin carus, French cher, cheir, Welsh car. But some difficulties attend this hypothesis.]

To treat with fondness, affection, or kindness; to fondle; to embrace with tender affection; as a parent a child.

South.

Caress

CARESS', noun An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing with tenderness; as conjugal caresses.

Milton.

Caressed

CARESS'ED, participle passive Treated or embraced with affection.

Caressing

CARESS'ING, participle of the present tense Treating with endearment, or affection.

Caret

CA'RET, noun [Latin caret, there is wanting, from careo, to want.]

In writing, this mark A, which shows that something, omitted in the line, is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, and should be read in that place.

Cargason

C`ARGASON, noun A cargo; which see.

Howell.

Cargo

C`ARGO, noun [Welsh carg, a load, cargu, to load, from car, a vehicle; Portugese carga, Spanish carga, a load, burden, charge; Spanish cargo, a load; cargazon, id.; cargar, to load, to charge; Italian carico, a load or charge; caricare, to load, to charge; French cargaison, a cargo; charge, a charge or load; charger, to load, burden, charge; Armoric carg. See Charge.]

The lading or freight of a ship; the goods, merchandize, or whatever is conveyed in a ship or other merchant vessel. The lading within the hold is called the inboard cargo, in distinction from horses, cattle and other things carried on deck. The person employed by a merchant to proceed with, oversee and dispose of the lading, is called a supercargo.

Cargoose

C`ARGOOSE, noun A fowl belonging to the genus Colymbus, called the crested diver. The cheeks and throat are surrounded with a long pendant ruff, of a bright tawny color, edged with black. The breast and belly are of a silvery white. It weighs two pounds and a half.

Cariated

CA'RIATED, adjective Carious. [Not used. See Carious.]

Cariboo

CAR'IBOO, noun A quadruped of the stag kind.

Carica

CAR'ICA, noun The papaw, a tree bearing a fleshy fruit of the size of a small melon.

Caricature

CAR'ICATURE, noun [Italian caricatura, formed from carica, a load, caricare, to load. See Cargo.]

A figure or description in which beauties are concealed and blemishes exaggerated, but still bearing a resemblance to the object.

Encyc.

Caricature

CAR'ICATURE, verb transitive To make or draw a caricature; to represent as more ugly than the life.

Lyttelton.

Caricaturist

CAR'ICATURIST, noun One who caricatures others.

Caricography

CARICOG'RAPHY, noun [carex, sedge, and, to describe.]

A description of the plants of the genus Carex or sedge.

Dewey, Journ. of Science.

Caricous

CAR'ICOUS, adjective [Latin carica, a fig.] Resembling a fig; an epithet given to tumors that resemble a fig, such as occur often in the piles.

Encyc.

Caries

CA'RIES, noun [Latin] The corruption or mortification of a bone; an ulcerated bone.

Coxe.

Carillon

CAR'ILLON, noun [French] A little bell. Also, a simple air in music, adapted to the performance of small bells or clocks. [See Carol.]

Busby.

Carinate

CAR'INATE, or CAR'INATED, adjective [Latin carinatus, from carina, a keel.]

In botany, shaped like the keel of a ship; having a longitudinal prominency on the back like a keel; applied to a calyx, leaf or nectary.

Martyn.

Carinthin

CARIN'THIN, noun A mineral from Carinthia, regarded as a variety of hornblend.

Cleaveland.

Cariosity

CARIOS'ITY, noun [See Caries.] Mortification, or ulceration of a bone.

Wiseman.

Carious

CA'RIOUS, adjective Mortified; corrupted; ulcerated; as a bone.

Wiseman.

Cark

C`ARK, noun [Welsh carc, care, restraint; carcar, a prison, Latin carcer; Saxon cearc, care; cearcian, to cark, to creak, to grumble. The primary sense is, to strain.]

Care; anxiety; concern; solicitude; distress. Obs.

Sidney.

Cark

C`ARK, verb intransitive To be careful, anxious, solicitous, concerned. Obs.

Sidney.

Carking

C`ARKING, participle passive Distressing; perplexing; giving anxiety. Obs.

Carle

C`ARLE, n. cÃƒ- rl. [Saxon carl, a male, whence Carolus, Charles. The word signifies primarily, strong, robust. Whence the English, carl-cat, and carl-hemp; house-carl, a domestic servant; German kerl, a fellow; kerl-haft, masculine, stout. See Churl.]

1. A rude, rustic, rough, brutal man. Obs. [See Churl.]

2. A kind of hemp.

Tusser.

Carle

C`ARLE, verb intransitive To act like a churl. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Carline

C`ARLINE, or CAR'OLINE, noun A silver coin in Naples.

Carline

C`ARLINE, or C`ARLING, noun [French carlingue, or escarlingue.]

A piece of timber in a ship, ranging fore and aft, from one deck beam to another, directly over the keel, serving as a foundation for the body of the ship. On these rest the ledges, on which the planks of the deck are made fast.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Carline-knees are timbers in a ship, lying across from the sides to the hatchway, and serving to sustain the deck.

Encyc.

Carline-Thistle

C`ARLINE-THISTLE, noun A genus of plants growing in the south of France, and one a native of Great Britain.

Carlish

CARLISH, CARLISHNESS. [See Churlish.]

Carlock

C`ARLOCK, noun A sort of isinglass from Russia, made of the sturgeon's bladder, and used in clarifying wine.

Encyc.

Carlot

C`ARLOT, noun A countryman. [See Carle. Not used.]

Shak.

Carlovingian

CARLOVIN'GIAN, adjective Pertaining to Charlemagne; as the Carlovingian race of kings.

Carman

C`ARMAN, noun [car and man.] A man whose employment is to drive a cart, or to convey goods and other things in a cart.

Carmelin

C`ARMELIN, or C`ARMELITE, adjective Belonging to the order of Carmelites.

Weever.

Carmelite

C`ARMELITE, noun [from Mount Carmel.] A mendicant friar. The Carmelites have four tribes, and they have now thirty-eight provinces, besides the congregation in Mantua, in which are fifty-four monasteries, under a vicar general, and the congregations of barefooted Carmelites in Italy and Spain. They wear a scapulary, or small woolen habit, of a brown color, thrown over the shoulders.

Encyc.

2. A sort of pear.

Carminative

CARMIN'ATIVE, adjective [French carminatif; Spanish carminativo, from carminar, to expel wind backward, from Latin carmino, to card or tease.]

Expelling wind from the body; warming; antispasmodic.

Carminative

CARMIN'ATIVE, noun A medicine, which tends to expel wind, or to remedy colic and flatulencies.

Carmine

C`ARMINE, noun [French carmin; Spanish carmin; Portugese carmim; Italian carminio; from the same root as crimson; Portugese carmesim, crimson; Spanish carmesi, crimson and cochineal powder; Italian chermisi, crimson, and chermes, cochineal, kermes; Arabic kirmiz, kirmizon, a berry, and an insect, used in dyeing.]

A powder or pigment, of a beautiful red or crimson color, bordering on purple, and used by painters in miniature, though rarely, on account of its great price. It is prepared by dissolving cochineal in an alkaline lye, and precipitating it by alum.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Carnage

C`ARNAGE, noun [French carnage; Spanish carniceria, carnage, and shambles; Italian carnaggio, flesh-meat, and carnaccia, carrion; Portugese carnagem; from Latin caro, flesh.]

1. Literally, flesh, or heaps of flesh, as in shambles.

2. Slaughter; great destruction of men; havock; massacre.

Hayward.

Carnal

C`ARNAL, adjective [French charnel; Latin carnalis, from caro, flesh.]

1. Pertaining to flesh; fleshly; sensual; opposed to spiritual; as carnal pleasure.

2. Being in the natural state; unregenerate.

The carnal mind is enmity against God. Romans 8.

3. Pertaining to the ceremonial law; as carnal ordinances. Hebrews 9:10.

4. Lecherous; lustful; libidinous; given to sensual indulgence.

Shak.

Carnal-knowledge, sexual intercourse.

Carnalist

C`ARNALIST, noun One given to the indulgence of sensual appetites.

Burton.

Carnalite

C`ARNALITE, noun A worldly-minded man.

Anderson.

Carnality

CARNAL'ITY, noun Fleshly lust, or desires, or the indulgence of those lusts; sensuality.

South.

2. Grossness of mind or desire; love of sensual pleasures.

Tillotson.

Carnalize

C`ARNALIZE, verb transitive To make carnal; to debase to carnality.

Scott.

Carnally

C`ARNALLY, adverb In a carnal manner; according to the flesh; in a manner to gratify the flesh or sensual desire. Leviticus 18:20. Romans 8:6.

Carnal-Minded

CARNAL-MINDED, adjective Worldly-minded.

More.

Carnal-Mindedness

CARNAL-MINDEDNESS, noun Grossness of mind.

Ellis.

Carnation

CARNA'TION, noun [French carnation, the naked part of a picture, flesh color; Italian incarnatino; carnagione, complexion; Spanish carnaza; Portugese carnaz; from Latin caro, flesh.]

1. Flesh color; the parts of a picture which are naked, or without drapery, exhibiting the natural color of the flesh.

Encyc.

2. A genus of plants, Dianthus, so named from the color of the flower. Among these are the clove-gilliflower, sweet-william, Indian pink, &c.

Carnationed

CARNA'TIONED, adjective Made like carnation color.

Carnelian

CARNE'LIAN, noun [French cornaline; Spanish cornerina.]

A siliceous stone, a variety of chalcedony, of a deep red, flesh-red, or reddish white color. It is tolerably hard, capable of a good polish, and used for seals.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Carnel-work, in ship-building, is the putting together the timbers, beams and planks, as distinguished from clinch-work.

Encyc.

Carneous

C`ARNEOUS, adjective [Latin carneus, from caro, flesh.]

Fleshy; having the qualities of flesh.

Ray.

Carney

C`ARNEY, noun A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so furred that they cannot eat.

Chambers.

Carnification

CARNIFICA'TION, noun [Infra.] A turning to flesh.

Chambers.

Carnify

C`ARNIFY, verb intransitive [from Latin caro, carnis, flesh.]

To form flesh; to receive flesh in growth.

Hale.

Carnival

C`ARNIVAL, or C`ARNAVAL, noun [Spanish Portugese carnaval; French carnaval; Italian carnovale; from Latin caro, flesh.]

The feast or season of rejoicing, before Lent, observed, in Catholic countries, with great solemnity, by feasts, balls, operas, concerts, &c.

Encyc.

Carnivoracity

CARNIVORAC'ITY, noun [Infra.] Greediness of appetite for flesh.

Pope.

Carnivorous

CARNIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin caro, flesh, and voro, to eat.]

Eating or feeding on flesh; an epithet applied to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the lion, tiger, dog, wolf, &c.

Carnosity

CARNOS'ITY, noun [French carnositÃƒ-©, from Latin caro, flesh.]

A little fleshy excrescence in the urethra, the neck of the bladder, &c.

Carnous

C`ARNOUS, adjective Fleshy. [See Carneous.]

Carob

CAR'OB, noun [Spanish algarroba; Italian carruba.]

The carob-tree, Ceratonia siliqua, a native of Spain, Italy, and the Levant. It is an evergreen, growing in hedges, and producing long, flat, brown-colored pods, filled with a mealy, succulent pulp, of a sweetish taste. In times of scarcity, these pods are eaten by poor people, but they are apt to cause griping and lax bowels.

Miller. Encyc.

Caroche

CARO'CHE, noun [Italian carrozza. See Car.] A carriage of pleasure.

Burton.

Caroched

CARO'CHED, adjective Placed in a caroche.

Beaum.

Carol

CAR'OL, noun [Italian carola; Welsh carawl; Armoric coroll, a dance; Welsh cor, Cornish karol, a choir.]

A song of joy and exultation; a song of devotion; or a song in general.

Dryden. Spenser. Bacon. Milton.

Carol

CAR'OL, verb intransitive [Italian carolare; Welsh caroli; Armoric carolli, to dance, to sing love songs.]

To sing; to warble; to sing in joy or festivity.

Prior. Shak.

Carol

CAR'OL, verb transitive To praise or celebrate in song.

Milton.

Carolina

CAROLI'NA, noun [from Carolus, Charles II.] The name of two of the Atlantic States in North America, called North Carolina and South Carolina.

Caroling

CAR'OLING, noun A song of praise or devotion.

Spenser.

Carolinian

CAROLIN'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Carolina.

Carolinian

CAROLIN'IAN, noun A native or inhabitant of Carolina.

Caromel

CAR'OMEL, noun The smell exhaled by sugar, at a calcining heat.

Ure.

Carotid

CAROT'ID, adjective [Greek.] The carotid arteries, in the body, are two arteries, the right and left, which convey the blood from the aorta to the head and brain. The ancients supposed drowsiness to be seated in these arteries. Greek.

Carousal

CAROUS'AL, noun s as z. [See Carouse.] A feast or festival.

Johnson.

But in America it signifies a noisy drinking bout, or reveling.

Carouse

CAROUSE, v. i. carouz'. [French carrouse, hard drinking. I know not the real original of this word. In Per karoz signifies hiliarity, singing, dancing. In Germ. rauschen signifies to rush, to fuddle. In Irish craosal is drunkenness, from craos, excess, revelling.]

To drink hard; to guzzle. In the U. States, it signifies also to be noisy, as bacchanalians.

Carouse

CAROUSE, n. carouz'. A drinking match; a hearty drink or full draught of liquor; a noisy drinking match.

Carouser

CAROUS'ER, noun A drinker; a toper; a noisy reveler, or bacchanalian.

Carousing

CAROUS'ING, participle of the present tense Drinking hard; reveling.

Carp

C`ARP, verb intransitive [Latin carpo, to seize, catch, pick; Italian carpire; Spanish Portugese carpir, to tear or scratch. See Carve.]

Literally, to snap or catch at, or to pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particularly without reason, or petulantly; followed by at.

No, not a tooth or nail to scratch

And at my actions carp and catch.

Herbert.

Carp

C`ARP, noun [French Portugese carpe; Spanish carpa; Italian carpione; Armoric carpen; Russian karp; Dutch karper; German karpfen; Danish karpe; Swedish karp; Low Latin carpio, from carpo, to sieze.]

A fish, a species of cyprinus, an excellent fish for ponds. These fishes breed rapidly, grow to a large size, and live to a great age.

Encyc.

Carpal

C`ARPAL, adjective [Latin carpus, the wrist.] Pertaining to the wrist.

Encyc.

Carpathian

CARPA'THIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Carpates, a range of mountains between Poland, Hungary and Transylvania.

Carpenter

C`ARPENTER, noun [French charpentier; Spanish carpintero; Portugese carpenteiro; Italian carpentiere, a cart-wright, or coach-maker; Latin carpentarius, from carpentum, a chariot.]

An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, and of ships. Those who build houses are called house-carpenters, and those who build ships are called ship-carpenters.

In New England, a distinction is often made between the man who frames, and the man who executes the interior wood-work of a house. The framer is the carpenter, and the finisher is called a joiner. This distinction is noticed by Johnson, and seems to be a genuine English distinction. But in some other parts of America, as in New-York, the term carpenter includes both the framer and the joiner; and in truth both branches of business are often performed by the same person. The word is never applied, as in Italy and Spain, to a coach-maker.

Carpentry

C`ARPENTRY, noun The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, in the construction of buildings; divided into house-carpentry and ship-carpentry.

Carper

C`ARPER, noun One who carps; a caviler.

Carpet

C`ARPET, noun [I know not the origin of this word.]

1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, &c. This covering is usually made of wool, wrought with a needle, or more generally in a loom, but is sometimes made of other materials. The manufacture is of Asiatic origin, but has been introduced into many parts of Europe, and into the U. States.

2. Level ground covered, as with grass; as a grassy carpet; a carpet of green grass.

Shak. Ray.

To be on the carpet, is to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation. The French phrase, to be on the tapis, is used in the like sense.

Carpet-knight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field.

Carpet-monger is used in a like sense.

Carpet

C`ARPET, verb transitive To cover with a carpet; to spread with carpets.

Bacon. Derham.

Carpeted

C`ARPETED, participle passive Covered with a carpet.

Carpeting

C`ARPETING, noun Cloth for carpets; carpets in general.

Carpet-Walk

C`ARPET-WALK, noun A walk on smooth turf.

Evelyn.

Carping

C`ARPING, participle of the present tense Caviling; captious; censorious.

Watts.

Carping

C`ARPING, noun The act of caviling; a cavil; unreasonable censure.

Carpingly

C`ARPINGLY, adverb Captiously; in a carping manner.

Camden.

Carpmeals

C`ARPMEALS, noun A kind of coarse cloth made in the North of England.

Phillips.

Carpolite

C`ARPOLITE, noun [Greek, fruit, and, stone.]

Petrified fruits, of which the most remarkable are nuts converted into silex.

Carpologist

CARPOL'OGIST, noun [Greek, fruit, and, to speak.] One who describes fruits.

Carpology

CARPOL'OGY, noun [Supra.] A description of fruits.

Cyc.

Carpus

C`ARPUS, noun [Latin] The wrist, but not an English word.

Carraway

CAR'RAWAY, noun A kind of apple.

Mason.

Carriable

CAR'RIABLE, adjective That may be carried. [Not in use.]

Sherwood.

Carriage

CAR'RIAGE, noun [French charriage, from charrier, to carry; Italian carreggio, or carriaggio. See Carry.]

1. The act of carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying; as the carriage of sounds.

Bacon.

2. The act of taking by an enemy; conquest; acquisition. Obs.

Knolles.

3. That which carries, especially on wheels; a vehicle. This is a general term for a coach, chariot, chaise, gig, sulkey, or other vehicle on wheels, as a cannon-carriage on trucks, a block-carriage for mortars, and a truck-carriage. Appropriately the word is applied to a coach; and carts and wagons are rarely or never called carriages.

4. The price or expense of carrying.

5. That which is carried; burden; as bagage, vessels, furniture, &c.

And David left his carriage in the hands of the keeper of the carriage. 1 Samuel 17. [Little used.]

Spenser.

6. In a moral sense, the manner of carrying one's self; behavior; conduct; deportment; personal manners.

Bacon. Dryden.

7. Measures; practices; management.

Shak.

Carriboo

CAR'RIBOO. [See Cariboo.]

Carrick-Bend

CAR'RICK-BEND, noun A particular kind of knot.

Carrick-Bitts

CAR'RICK-BITTS, noun In a ship, the bitts which support the windlass.

Mar. Dict.

Carrier

CAR'RIER, noun [See Carry.] One who carries; that which carries or conveys; also, a messenger.

2. One who is employed to carry goods for others for a reward; also, one whose occupation is to carry goods for others, called a common carrier; a porter.

3. A pigeon that conveys letters from place to place, the letters being tied to the neck.

Carrion

CAR'RION, noun [Italian carogna; Spanish carroÃƒ-±a; French charogne; Armoric caroan; Dutch karonje.]

The dead and putrefying body or flesh of animals; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.

Dryden. Pope.

2. A worthless woman; a term of reproach.

Shak.

Carrion

CAR'RION, adjective Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion, as a carrion-crow.

Shak.

Carronade

CARRONA'DE, noun [It is said to be from Carron, in Scotland, where it was first made.]

A short piece of ordnance, having a large caliber, and a chamber for the powder, like a mortar. This species of cannon is carried on the upper works of ships, as the poop and forecastle, and is very useful in close engagements.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Carroon

CARROON', noun In London, a rent received for the privilege of driving a cart.

Ash.

2. A species of cherry.

Tooke, Russ.

Carrot

CAR'ROT, noun [Italian carota; French carotte; Low Latin carota.]

An esculent root, of the genus Daucus, cultivated for the table and for cattle.

Carroty

CAR'ROTY, adjective Like a carrot in color; an epithet given to red hair.

Carrows

CAR'ROWS, noun In Ireland, people who wander about and get their living by cards and dice; strolling gamesters.

Spenser.

Carry

CAR'RY, verb transitive [Welsh cariaw, from car, a dray, drag, or wagon; French charrier; Armoric charreat or charreein; Spanish acarrear; Danish kiÃƒ-¶rer; Swedish ki?ra; German karren. These verbs signify primarily to carry on a cart or car, and are evidently from the noun. But the English carry coincides also with the Latin gero, our vulgar kerry; for the sense of behavior can hardly proceed from the moving of a wheel-carriage, nor indeed can some other senses of this word. But the primary sense, in both cases, is to move.]

1. To bear, convey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing carried, either by bodily strength, upon a beast, in a vehicle, or in any kind of water-craft. In general, it implies a moving from the speaker or the place present or near, to a place more distant, and so is opposed to bring and fetch, and it is often followed by from, away, off, out.

He shall carry the lambs in his bosom. Isaiah 40.

When he dieth, he shall carry nothing away. Psalm 49.

2. To convey; as, sound is carried in the air.

3. To effect; to accomplish; to prevail; to gain the object; as, to carry a point, measure, or resolution; to carry a prize; to carry a fortified town by force of arms; sometimes followed by it.

Whose wills will carry it over the rest.

Locke. Burke.

4. To bear out; to face through.

If a man carries it off, there is so much money saved.

L'Estrange.

5. To urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse.

Pride or passion will carry a man to great lengths.

Men are carried away with imaginary prospects. See Ephesians 4:14. Hebrews 13:9.

6. To bear; to have.

In some vegetables, we see something that carries a kind of analogy to sense.

Hale.

7. To bear; to show, display or exhibit to view.

The aspect of every one in the family carries satisfaction.

Addison.

8. To imply or import.

To quit former tenets carries an imputation of ignorance.

Locke.

9. To contain or comprise.

He thought it carried something of argument in it, to prove that doctrine.

Watts.

10. To extend or continue in time, as to carry a historical account to the first ages of the world; but usually with a particle, as to carry up or carry back, to carry forward.

11. To extend in space, as to carry a line or a boundary; or in a moral sense, as to carry ideas very far.

12. To support or sustain.

Carry camomile on sticks.

Bacon.

13. To bear or produce, as trees.

Set them a reasonable depth, and they will carry more shoots upon the stem.

Bacon.

14. To manage or transact, usually with on; as, to carry on business.

15. To carry one's self, to behave, conduct or demean.

He carried himself insolently.

Clarendon.

Sometimes with it; as, he carried it high.

16. To remove, lead or drive.

And he carried away all his cattle. Genesis 31.

17. To remove; to cause to go.

And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel to Assyria. 2 Kings 18.

18. To transport; to affect with extraordinary impressions on the mind. Revelation 17.

19. To fetch and bring.

Young whelps learn easily to carry.

Ascham.

20. To transfer; as, to carry an account to the ledger.

War was to be diverted from Greece by being carried into Asia.

Mitford.

To carry coals, to bear injuries.

Mason.

To carry off, to remove to a distance; also, to kill, as to be carried off by sickness.

To carry on, to promote, advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design; to carry on the administration of grace.

2. To manage or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry.

3. To prosecute, continue or pursue; as, to carry on trade or war.

To carry through, to support to the end; to sustain or keep from failing, or being subdued.

Grace will carry a man through all difficulties.

Hammond.

To carry out, to bear from within; also, to sustain to the end; to continue to the end.

To carry away, in seamanship, is to break; to carry sail till a spar breaks; as, to carry away a fore-topmast.

Carry

CAR'RY, verb intransitive To run on rotten ground, or on frost, which sticks to the feet, as a hare.

Johnson.

2. To bear the head in a particular manner, as a horse. When a horse holds his head high, with an arching neck, he is said to carry well. When he lowers his head too much, he is said to carry low.

3. To convey; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well; but this is elliptical.

Carrying

CAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Bearing, conveying, removing, &c.

Carrying

CAR'RYING, noun A bearing, conveying, removing, transporting.

Carrying trade, the trade which consists in the transportation of goods by water from country to country, or place to place.

We are rivals with them in navigation and the carrying trade.

Federalist, Jay.

Carrying wind, among horsemen, is a tossing of the nose, as high as the horse's ears.

Encyc.

Carry-Tale

CAR'RY-TALE, noun A tale-bearer. [Not used.]

Shak.

Cart

C`ART, noun [Welsh cart; Saxon croet, crat; Irish cairt; Russian karet. See Car.]

1. A carriage with two wheels, fitted to be drawn by one horse, or by a yoke of oxen, and used in husbandry or commercial cities for carrying heavy commodities. In Great Britain, carts are usually drawn by horses. In America, horse-carts are used mostly in cities, and ox-carts in the country.

2. A carriage in general.

Temple. Dryden.

Cart

C`ART, verb transitive To carry or convey on a cart; as, to cart hay.

2. To expose in a cart, by way of punishment.

Cartage

C`ARTAGE, noun The act of carrying in a cart, or the price paid for carting.

Cart-Bote

C`ART-BOTE, noun In English law, wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.

Carted

C`ARTED, participle passive Borne or exposed in a cart.

Cart-Horse

C`ART-HORSE, noun A horse that draws a cart.

Carting

C`ARTING, participle of the present tense Conveying or exposing in a cart.

Carting

C`ARTING, noun The act of carrying in a cart.

Cart-Jade

C`ART-JADE, noun A sorry horse; a horse used in drawing, or fit only for the cart.

Sidney.

Cart-Load

C`ART-LOAD, noun A load borne on a cart; as much as is usually carried at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to load it.

Cart-Rope

C`ART-ROPE, noun A rope for binding hay, or other articles on a cart.

Cart-Rut

C`ART-RUT, noun The cut or track of a cartwheel. [See Route.]

Cart-Tire

C`ART-TIRE, noun The tire, or iron bands, used to bind the wheels of a cart.

Cart-Way

C`ART-WAY, noun A way that is or may be passed with carts, or other wheel carriages.

Cart-Wheel

C`ART-WHEEL, noun The wheel of a cart.

Cart-Wright

C`ART-WRIGHT, noun An artificer who makes carts.

Carte-blanche. [French white paper.] A blank paper, signed at the bottom with a person's name, and sometimes sealed with his seal, given to another person with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases.

Encyc.

Cartel

C`ARTEL, noun [Italian cartello; French Spanish Portugese cartel; from Latin chartula.]

1. A writing or agreement between states at war, for the exchange of prisoners, or for some mutual advantage; also, a vessel employed to convey the messenger on this occasion.

2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat. This sense the word has still in France and Italy; but with us it is obsolete.

Cartel-ship, is a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy.

Cartel

C`ARTEL, verb intransitive To defy. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Carter

C`ARTER, noun The man who drives a cart, or whose occupation is to drive a cart.

Cartesian

CARTE'SIAN, a. cartÃƒ-©zhun. Pertaining to the philosopher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy, which taught the doctrine of vortexes round the sun and planets.

Cartesian

CARTE'SIAN, noun One who adopts the philosophy of Des Cartes.

Carthaginian

CARTHAGIN'IAN, adjective Pertaining to ancient Carthage, a celebrated city on the Northern Coast of Africa, about twelve miles from the modern Tunis. It was founded by the Phenicians, and destroyed by the Romans.

Carthaginian

CARTHAGIN'IAN, noun An inhabitant or native of Carthage.

Carthamus

C`ARTHAMUS, noun The generic name of Bastard Saffron. [See Safflower.]

Carthusian

CARTHU'SIAN, n. carthÃƒ-ºzhun. One of an order of monks, so called from Chartreuse, the place of their institution. They are remarkable for their austerity. They cannot go out of their cells, except to church, nor speak to any person without leave.

Encyc.

Cartilage

C`ARTILAGE, noun [Latin cartilago; French cartilage. I suspect this and the English gristle to be the same word; the r being transposed, cartil for cratil.]

Gristle; a smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone, of a pearly color and homogeneous texture, without cells or cavities. It is invested with a particular membrane called perichondrium, which in the articular cartilages, is a reflexion of the synovial membrane.

Cyc. Wistar.

Cartilaginous

CARTILAG'INOUS, adjective Pertaining to or resembling a cartilage; gristly; consisting of cartilage.

Ray.

2. In ichthyology, cartilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are supported by cartilages instead of bones, or whose skeleton is cartilaginous. Many of these are viviparous, as the ray and shark, whose young are excluded from an egg hatched within them. Others are oviparous, as the sturgeon. Some of them have no gillcovers, but breathe through apertures, on the sides of the neck or top of the head; others have gill-covers, but destitute of bony rays.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Cartoon

CARTOON', noun [Italian cartone, paste-board; Spanish French carton; from Latin charta, paper.]

In painting, a design drawn on strong paper, to be afterward calked through and transferred on the fresh plaster of a wall, to be painted in fresco. Also, a design colored for working in Mosaic, tapestry &c.

Encyc.

Cartouch

CARTOUCH', noun [French cartouche; Sp, cartucho; Portugese cartuxo; Italian cartuccia, a cartridge, a bit of paper, from carta, paper.]

1. A case of wood, about three inches thick at the bottom, girt with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls, and six or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired out of a howitz, for defending a pass. A cartouch is sometimes made of a globular form, and filled with a ball of a pound weight; and sometimes for guns, being of a ball of a half or quarter of a pound weight, tied in the form of a bunch of grapes, on a tompion of wood and coated over.

Encyc.

2. A portable box for charges. [See Cartridge-box.]

3. A roll or scroll on the cornice of a column.

Coles.

Cartridge

C`ARTRIDGE, noun [a corruption of cartouch.] A case of pasteboard or parchment, holding the charge of powder or powder and ball, for a cannon, mortar, musket or pistol. The cartridges for small arms, prepared for battle, contain the powder and ball; those for cannon and mortars are made of paste-board, or tin. Cartridges, without balls, are called blank cartridges.

Cartridge-Box

C`ARTRIDGE-BOX, noun A case, usually of wood, covered with leather, with cells for cartridges. It is worn upon a belt thrown over the left shoulder, and hangs a little below the pocket-hole on the right side.

Cartulary

C`ARTULARY, noun [French cartulaire; Spanish cartulario; from carta, paper.]

A register-book, or record, as of a monastery. Blackstone writes it chartulary; and primarily it signifies the officer who has the care of charters and other public papers.

Carucate

CAR'UCATE, noun [Latin caruca.] As much land as one team can plow in the year.

Law. Kelham.

Caruncle

CAR'UNCLE, noun [Latin caruncula, from caro, flesh.]

1. A small fleshy excrescence, either natural or morbid.

Coxe.

2. The fleshy comb on the head of a fowl.

Caruncular

CARUNC'ULAR, adjective In the form of a caruncle.

Carunculated

CARUNC'ULATED, adjective Having a fleshy excrescence, or soft fleshy protuberance.

Encyc.

Carve

C`ARVE, v. t. c`arv. [Saxon ceorfan, cearfan; Dutch kerven; German kerben; Danish karver; Latin carpo. See Arabic and, Hebrew and Chaldee. Class Rb. No. 26. 27. 30.]

1. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table.

2. To cut wood, stone or other material into some particular form, with an instrument, usually a chisel; to engrave; to cut figures or devices on hard materials.

3. To make or shape by cutting; as, to carve an image.

4. To apportion; to distribute; to provide at pleasure; to select and take, as to one's self, or to select and give to another.

South.

5. To cut; to hew.

Shak.

To carve out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design; to plan.

Carve

C`ARVE, v. i. c`arv. To cut up meat; followed sometimes by for; as, to carve for all the guests.

2. To exercise the trade of a sculptor.

3. To engrave or cut figures.

Carve

C`ARVE, noun A carucate. [Not in use.]

Carved

C`ARVED, participle passive Cut or divided; engraved; formed by carving.

Carvel

C`ARVEL, noun [See Caravel.]

2. The urtica marina, or sea blubber.

Carver

C`ARVER, noun One who cuts meat at table; a sculptor; one who apportions or distributes at will, or one who takes or gives at pleasure.

Dryden. Shak.

2. A large table knife for carving.

Carving

C`ARVING, participle of the present tense Cutting, dividing, as meat; cutting in stone, wood or metal; apportioning; distributing.

Carving

C`ARVING, noun The act of cutting, as meat; the act or art of cutting figures in wood or stone; sculpture; figures carved.

Caryates

CARYA'TES, or CARYAT'IDES, noun In architecture, figures of women dressed in long robes, after the Asiatic manner, serving to support entablatures. The Athenians had been long at war with the Caryans; the latter being at length vanquished and their wives led captive, the Greeks, to perpetuate this event, erected trophies, in which figures of women, dressed in the Caryatic manner, were used to support entablatures. Other female figures were afterwards used in the same manner, but they were called by the same name.

Encyc.

They were called Caryatides, from Carya, a city in the Peloponnesus, which sided with the Persians, and on that account was sacked by the other Greeks, its males butchered, and its females reduced to slavery.

Cyc.

Caryatic

CARYAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides.

Caryophylleous

CARYOPHYL'LEOUS, adjective [Greek, a nut, and, a leaf.] Having five petals with long claws, in a tubular calyx; applied to flowers.

Eaton.

Caryophylloid

CARYOPH'YLLOID, noun [Greek, clove-gilliflower. Infra.]

A species of mica, the scales of which are concentric and perpendicular. Obs.

Cronstedt. Nicholson.

Casarca

CASARC'A, noun A fowl of the genus Anas, called also ruddy-goose, larger than a mallard, found in Russia and Siberia.

Encyc.

Cascabel

CASC'ABEL, noun [Portugese cascavel; Spanish cascabel, a little bell, a button or knob at the end of a cannon.] The knob or pummelion of a cannon.

Mar. Dict.

Cascade

CASCA'DE, noun [French cascade; Spanish cascada; Italian cascata, from cascare, to fall.]

A waterfall; a steep fall or flowing of water over a precipice, in a river or natural stream; or an artificial fall in a garden. The word is applied to falls that are less than a cataract.

Cascalho

CASCAL'HO, noun [Portugese] In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, gravel and sand in which the diamond is usually found.

Portugese Dict. Cleaveland.

Case

CASE, noun [French caisse; Spanish Portugese caxa, a box or chest; Italian cassa; Dutch kas; Danish kasse. The French caisse is the Spanish caxa. The Spanish caxeta, a gasket, seems to be a derivative of caxa, and if so, the fact indicates that caxa is from an oriental root, signifying to tie or bind, and that the word originally denoted a bag made of skin, like a bottle, or a basket made of osiers interwoven, like fisc, fiscus. Qu. Syriac casha, to bind or tie.]

1. A covering, box or sheath; that which incloses or contains; as a case for knives; a case for books; a watch case; a printer's case; a pillow case.

2. The outer part of a building.

Addison.

3. A certain quantity; as a case of crown glass.

4. A building unfurnished. [Not used.]

Case

CASE, verb transitive To cover with a case; to surround with any material that shall inclose or defend.

2. To put in a case or box.

3. To strip off a case, covering, or the skin. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Case

CASE, noun [French cas; Italian caso; Spanish Portugese caso; Irish cas; Latin casus, from cado, to fall.]

1. Literally, that which falls, comes, or happens; an event. Hence, the particular state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or in which he is placed; as, make the case your own; this is the case with my friend; this is his present case.

2. The state of the body, with respect to health or disease; as a case of fever; he is in a consumptive case; his case is desperate.

To be in good case, is to be fat, and this phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case; applied to beasts, but not to men, except in a sense rather ludicrous.

3. A question; a state of facts involving a question for discussion or decision; as, the lawyer stated the case.

4. A cause or suit in court; as, the case was tried at the last term. In this sense, case is nearly synonymous with cause, whose primary sense is nearly the same.

5. In grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termination, to express a difference of relation in that word to others, or to the thing represented. The variation of nouns and adjectives is called declension; both case and declension signifying falling or leaning from the first state of the word. Thus, liber is a book; libri, of a book; libro, to a book. In other words, case denotes a variation in the termination of a noun, to show how the noun acts upon the verb with which it is connected, or is acted upon by it, or by an agent. The cases, except the nominative, are called oblique cases.

In case, is a phrase denoting condition or supposition; literally, in the event or contingency; if it should so fall out or happen.

Put the case, suppose the event, or a certain state of things.

Action on the case, in law, is an action in which the whole cause of complaint is set out in the writ.

Blackstone.

Case

CASE, verb intransitive To put cases. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

Cased

CA'SED, participle passive Covered with a case.

Case-Harden

CASE-HARDEN, verb transitive To harden the outer part or superficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel. This may be done by putting the iron into an iron box, with a cement, and exposing it, for some hours, to a red heat.

Encyc.

Caseic

CA'SEIC, adjective [Latin caseus, cheese.] The caseic acid is the acid of cheese, or a substance so called, extracted from cheese.

Proust.

Case-Knife

CASE-KNIFE, noun A large table knife, often kept in a case.

Casemate

CA'SEMATE, noun [French casemate; Italian casamatta; Spanish Portugese casamata; from casa, a house.]

1. In fortification, a vault of mason's work in the flank of a bastion, next to the curtain, somewhat inclined toward the capital of the bastion, serving as a battery to defend the face of the opposite bastion, and the moat or ditch.

Chambers.

2. A well, with its subterraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion, till the miner is heard at work, and air given to the mine.

Harris.

Casement

CA'SEMENT, noun [Italian casamento, a large house.]

1. A hollow molding, usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle.

Encyc.

2. A little movable window, usually within a larger, made to turn and open on hinges.

Encyc.

Caseous

CA'SEOUS, adjective [Latin caseus, cheese.] Like cheese; having the qualities of cheese.

Casern

CAS'ERN, noun [French caserne; Spanish caserna, from casa, a shed or house.]

A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the rampart, containing each two beds.

Encyc.

Case-Shot

CASE-SHOT, noun Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c., put in cases, to be discharged from cannon.

Case-Worm

CA'SE-WORM, noun A worm that makes itself a case.

Johnson.

Cash

CASH, noun [French caisse; Spanish Portugese caxa, a chest, box, coffer. See Case.]

Money; primarily, ready money, money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command. It is properly silver and gold; but since the institution of banks, it denotes also bank notes equivalent to money. To pay in cash is opposed to payment in goods, commodities, or labor, as in barter.

Cash

CASH, verb transitive To turn into money, or to exchange for money; as, to cash a note or an order.

2. To pay money for; as, the clerks of a bank cash notes when presented.

Mercantile usage.

Cash

CASH, verb transitive To discard. [for cashier. Not used.]

Cash-Account

CASH-ACCOUNT', noun An account of money received, paid, or on hand.

Cash-Book

CASH'-BOOK, noun A book in which is kept a register or account of money.

Cash-Keeper

CASH'-KEEPER, noun One entrusted with the keeping of money.

Cashew-Nut

CASH'EW-NUT, noun A tree of the West-Indies, Anacardium, bearing a kidney-shaped nut. The fruit is as large as an orange, and full of an acid juice, which is often used to make punch. To the apex of this fruit grows a nut, of the size of a hare's kidney, the shell of which is hard, and the kernel, which is sweet, is covered with a thin film.

Encyc.

Cashier

CASHIE'R, noun [French caissier; Italian cassiere; Spanish caxero; Portugese cax?iro; from caxa, a box, whence cash.]

One who has charge of money; a cash-keeper. In a banking institution, the cashier is the officer who superintends the books, payments and receipts of the bank. He also signs or countersigns the notes, and superintends all the transactions, under the order of the directors.

Cashier

CASHIE'R, verb transitive [French casser, to break; Italian cassare, to annul, blot out, erase.]

1. To dismiss from an office or place of trust, by annulling the commission; to break, as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach; as, to cashier an officer of the army.

2. To dismiss or discard from service or from society.

Addison. Dryden. Swift.

3. To reject; to annul or vacate.

Locke. South.

Cashiered

CASHIE'RED, participle passive Dismissed; discarded; annulled.

Cashierer

CASHIE'RER, noun One who rejects, discards or breaks; as a cashierer of monarchs.

Burke.

Cashiering

CASHIE'RING, participle of the present tense Discarding; dismissing from service.

Cashoo

CASH'OO, noun The juice or gum of a tree in the East Indies.

Casing

CA'SING, participle of the present tense Covering with a case.

Casing

CA'SING, noun The act or operation of plastering a house with mortar on the outside, and striking it while wet, by a ruler, with the corner of a trowel, to make it resemble the joints of free-stone.

Encyc.

2. A covering; a case.

Cask

C`ASK, noun [Spanish Portugese casco; French casque; Armoric casquen, casqed; Latin cassis. See Case.]

A head-piece; a helmet; a piece of defensive armor, to cover and protect the head and neck, in battle.

Cask

C`ASK, noun [Spanish Portugese casco.] A close vessel for containing liquors, formed by staves, heading and hoops. This is a general term comprehending the pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c.

Casket

C`ASKET, noun [dim. of cask. See Case.] A small chest or box, for jewels or other small articles.

Shak.

2. In seamen's language, a small rope, fastened to gromets or little rings upon the yards, used to fasten the sail to the yard in furling.

Encyc.

This is usually written gasket.

Casket

C`ASKET, verb transitive To put in a little chest.

Shak.

Caspian

CAS'PIAN, adjective [Caspioe, a word applied to a pass in the range of Mount Taurus. Plin. 5. 27. D'Anville.]

An epithet given to a large lake between Persia and Astracan, called the Caspian Sea.

Cass

CASS, verb transitive [French casser, Latin quasso.] To quash; to defeat; to annul. [Not now used.]

Raleigh.

Cassada

CASS'ADA, or CASS'AVI, noun A plant, of the genus Jatropha, of different species. The roots of the manihot or bitter cassada, and of the janipha, are made into a kind of bread which serves for food to the natives of Africa and the West Indies, and they are also roasted and eaten like potatoes. They yield also a great quantity of starch, which the Brasilians export in small lumps under the name of tapioca.

Cassamunair

CASSAMUNA'IR, noun An aromatic vegetable brought from the East.

Todd.

Cassate

CAS'SATE, verb transitive [French casser. See Cashier.] To vacate, annul, or make void. Obs.

Ray.

Cassation

CASSA'TION, noun The act of annulling. In France there is a court of Cassation.

Cassia

CASSIA, n. cash'ia. [French casse; Italian cassia; Greek and Latin id. Qu. Hebrew.]

A genus of plants of many species, among which are the fistula, or purging cassia, and the senna. The former is a native of Egypt and both Indies; the latter is a native of Persia, Syria and Arabia. The latter is a shrubby plant, the leaves of which are much used in medicine. The purging cassia is the pulp of the pods, and is a gentle laxative.

Cassia is also the name of a species of Laurus, the bark of which usually passes under the name of cinnamon, differing from real cinnamon chiefly in the strength of its qualities. From a plant of this kind was extracted an aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews. Exodus 30. Psalm 45:8.

Encyc.

Cassidony

CAS'SIDONY, noun [French cassidoine.] A species of plant, Gnaphalium, cotton-weed, cudweed or goldylocks; also, Lavandula stoechas or French lavender.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Cassimer

CAS'SIMER, noun [Spanish casimira.] A thin twilled woolen cloth.

Encyc.

Cassino

CASSINO, noun A game at cards.

Todd.

Cassiobury

CAS'SIOBURY, noun A species of plant, of the genus Cassine, of which the most remarkable species is the Yapon of the Southern States of America. The berries are of a beautiful red color.

Fam. of Plants. Encyc.

The Yapon is now arranged in the genus Ilex.

Cyc.

Cassiopeia

CASSIOPE'IA, noun A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, situated near to Cepheus, as the fabulous Cassiopeia was wife to Cepheus, king of Ethiopia. It contains fifty five stars.

Encyc.

Cassiteria

CASSITE'RIA, noun [Latin cassiteron, tin.] A kind of crystals which appear to have an admixture of tin. The color is brown or whitish.

Encyc.

Cassock

CAS'SOCK, noun [Spanish casaca; Italian casacca; French casaque.]

A robe or gown worn over the other garments, particularly by the clergy.

Encyc.

A close garment, now generally that which clergymen wear under their gowns.

Johnson.

Cassocked

CAS'SOCKED, adjective Clothed with a cassock.

The cassock'd huntsman.

Cowper.

Cassonade

CASSONA'DE, noun [French] Cask-sugar; sugar not refined.

Encyc.

Cassowary

CAS'SOWARY, noun [Spanish casuel.] A large fowl of the genus Struthio, nearly as large as the ostrich, but its legs are thicker and stronger in proportion. The wings are so small as not to appear, being hid under the feathers. The head is armed with a helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates one over another. It runs with great rapidity, outstripping the swiftest racer.

Encyc.

It is now arranged in a separate genus, Casuarius.

Cuvier.

Cast

C`AST, verb transitive pret. and pp. cast. [Danish kaster; Swedish kasta. Qu. Armoric caÃƒ-§z, pp. caÃƒ-§zet, to send, to throw. See Class Gs. No. 1. 56. In Danish et blind kast, is a guess, and to cast is the radical sense of guess. In Norman, gistes signifies cast up, and this seems to be the participle of gesir, to lie down; to lie down may be to throw one's self down. This verb coincides in sense with the Welsh cothi, to throw off.]

1. To throw, fling or send; that is, to drive from, by force, as from the hand, or from an engine.

Hagar cast the child under a shrub. Genesis 21.

Uzziah prepared slings to cast stones. 2 Chaldee xxvi.

2. To sow; to scatter seed.

If a man should cast seed into the ground. Mark 4.

3. To drive or impel by violence.

A mighty west wind cast the locusts into the sea. Exodus 10.

4. To shed or throw off; as, trees cast their fruit; a serpent casis his skin.

5. To throw or let falt; as, to cast anchor. Hence, to cast anchor is to moor, as a ship, the effect of casting the anchor.

6. To throw, as dice or lots; as, to cast lots.

7. To throw on the ground, as in wrestling.

Shak.

8. To throw away, as worthless.

His carcase was cast in the way. I Kings 13.

9. To emit or throw out.

This casts a sulphurous smell.

Woodward.

10. To throw, to extend, as a trench or rampart, including the sense of digging, raising, or forming.

Thy enemies shall cast a trench about thee. Luke 19.

11. To thrust; as, to cast into prison.

12. To put, or set, in a particular state.

Both chariot and horse were cast into a dead sleep. Psalm 76.

13. To condemn; to convict; as a criminal.

Both tried and both were cast.

Dryden.

14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any contest of strength or skill; as, to cast the defendant or an antagonist.

15. To cashier or discard.

Shak.

16. To lay aside, as unfit for use; to reject; as a garment.

Addison.

17. To make to preponderate; to throw into one scale, for the purpose of giving it superior weight; to decide by a vote that gives a superiority in numbers; as, to cast the balance in one's favor; a casting vote or voice.

18. To throw together several particulars, to find the sum; as, to cast accounts. Hence, to throw together circumstances and facts, to find the result; to compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast the event of war.

To cast and see how many things there are which a man cannot do himself.

Bacon.

19. To contrive; to plan.

Temple.

20. To judge, or to consider, in order to judge.

Milton.

21. To fix, or distribute the parts of a play among the actors.

Addison.

22. To throw, as the sight; to direct, or turn, as the eye; to glance; as, to cast a look, or glance, or the eye.

23. To found; to form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to run; as, to cast cannon.

Thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it. Exodus 25.

24. Figuratively, to shape; to form by a model.

Watts.

25. To communicate; to spread over; as, to cast a luster upon posterity; to cast splendor upon actions, or light upon a subject.

To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconvenient.

To cast away, to reject. Leviticus 26, 50s. v. Romans 11. Also, to throw away; to lavish or waste by profusion; to turn to no use; as, to cast away life.

Addison.

Also, to wreck, as a ship.

To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with neglect or hate, or as useless.

Shak. Locke.

To cast down, to throw down; to deject or depress the mind.

Why art thou cast down, O my soul. Psalm 42.

To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit, or send abroad; to exhale.

To cast off, to discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to put away; to disburden. Among huntsmen, to leave behind, as dogs; to set loose, or free. Among seamen, to loose, or untie.

To cast out, to send forth; to reject or turn out; to throw out, as words; to speak or give vent to.

To cast up, to compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast up accounts, or the cost. Also, to eject; to vomit.

To cast on, to refer or resign to.

South.

To cast one's self on, to resign or yield one's self to the disposal of, without reserve.

To cast young, to miscarry; to suffer abortion. Genesis 31.

To cast in the teeth, to upbraid; to charge; to twit. So in Danish, "kaster en i noesen," to cast in the nose.

Cast

C`AST, verb intransitive To throw forward, as the thoughts, with a view to some determination; or to turn or revolve in the mind; to contrive; sometimes followed by about.

I cast in careful mind to seek her out.

Spenser.

To cast about how to perform or obtain.

Bacon. Bentley.

2. To receive form or shape.

Metal will cast and mold.

Woodward.

3. To warp; to twist from regular shape.

Stuff is said to cast or warp, when it alters its flatness or straightness.

Moxon.

Note. Cast, like throw and warp, implies a winding motion.

4. In seamen's language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring the side of a ship to the wind; applied particularly to a ship riding with her head to the wind, when her anchor is first loosened.

Cast

C`AST, noun The act of casting; a throw; the thing thrown; the form or state of throwing; kind or manner of throwing.

2. The distance passed by a thing thrown; or the space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass; as, about a stone's cast. Luke 22.

3. A stroke; a touch.

This was a cast of Wood's politics.

Swift.

4. Motion or turn of the eye; direction, look or glance; a squinting.

They let you see by one cast of the eye.

Addison.

5. A throw of dice; hence, a state of chance or hazard.

It is an even cast, whether the army should march this way or that way.

South.

Hence the phrase, the last cast, is used to denote that all is ventured on one throw, or one effort.

6. Form; shape.

A heroic poem in another cast.

Prior.

7. A tinge; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color; as a cast of green. Hence, a slight alteration in external appearance, or deviation from natural appearance.

The native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.

Shak.

8. Manner; air; mien; as, a peculiar cast of countenance. This sense implies, the turn or manner of throwing; as, the neat cast of verse.

Pope.

9. A flight; a number of hawks let go at once.

Sidney.

10. A small statue of bronze.

Encyc.

11. Among founders, a tube of wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal.

12. A cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in two lengthwise, to form a canal or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal.

13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of which the melted metal is poured into the mold.

Encyc.

14. [Spanish Portugese casta.] A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort.

15. In Hindoostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession; as the cast of Bramins, or priests; of rajahs, or princes; of choutres, or artificers; and of parias, or poor people. Or according to some writers, of Bramins; of cuttery, or soldiers; of shuddery, or merchants; and of wyse, or mechanics.

Encyc.

The four casts of the Hindoos are the Brahmins or sacred order; the Chehteres or soldiers and rulers; the Bice, Vaissya, or husbandmen and merchants; and the Sooders, Sudras, or laborers and mechanics.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

16. A trick.

Martin.

Castalian

CASTA'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on Parnassus, sacred to the muses; as Castalian fount.

Poetry.

Castanet

CAST'ANET, noun [Spanish castaÃƒ-±eta, castaeuela; Portugese castanheta; French castagnette; Italian castagnetta. This word seems to be from castaÃƒ-±a, a chestnut, so named from the resemblance to two chestnuts.]

An instrument of music formed of small concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, placed together, fastened to the thumb and beat with the middle finger. This instrument is used by the Spaniards, Moors and Bohemians, as an accompaniment to their dances, sarabands and guitars.

Span. Dict. Encyc.

Castaway

C`ASTAWAY, noun [cast and away.] That which is thrown away. A person abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor; a reprobate. 1 Corinthians 9:27.

Castaway

C`ASTAWAY, adjective Rejected; useless; of no value.

Raleigh.

Casted

C`ASTED, participle passive for cast, is not in use.

Castellan

CAS'TELLAN, noun [Spanish castellan; French chatelain. See Castle.]

A governor or constable of a castle. In Poland, the name of a dignity or charge; a kind of lieutenant of a province, commanding part of a palatinate under a palatine. The castellans are senators, of the lower class, sitting, in the diets, on low seats behind the palatines.

Encyc.

Castellany

CAS'TELLANY, noun [See Castle.] The lordship belonging to a castle; or the extent of its land and jurisdiction.

Phillips.

Castellated

CAS'TELLATED, adjective Inclosed in a building, as a fountain or cistern.

Johnson.

2. Adorned with turrets, and battlements, like a castle.

Castellation

CASTELLA'TION, noun The act of fortifying a house and rendering it a castle.

Caster

C`ASTER, noun [from cast.] One who throws or casts; one who computes; a calculator; one who calculates fortunes.

Addison.

2. A small phial or vessel for the table; as a set of casters.

3. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor.

Castigate

CAS'TIGATE, verb transitive [Latin castigo, from castus, chaste. Qu. Ethiopic gasts, to chasten, correct, chide. The French use chÃƒ-¢tier, from castus, chaste; Armoric castiza; Spanish Portugese castigar; Italian castigare.]

To chastise; to punish by stripes; to correct; to chasten; to check.

Shak.

Castigated

CAS'TIGATED, participle passive Punished; corrected.

Castigating

CAS'TIGATING, participle of the present tense Punishing; correcting; chastising.

Castigation

CASTIGA'TION, noun Punishment; correction; penance; discipline; emendation; restraint.

Boyle. Hale.

2. Among the Romans, a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating with a wand or switch.

Encyc.

Castigator

CAS'TIGATOR, noun One who corrects.

Castigatory

CAS'TIGATORY, adjective Tending to correction; corrective; punitive.

Bramhall.

Castigatory

CAS'TIGATORY, noun An engine formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds, called also a ducking stool, or trebucket.

Blackstone.

Castile-Soap

CAS'TILE-SOAP, noun A kind of pure, refined soap.

Castilian

CASTIL'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Castile in Spain.

Castilian

CASTIL'IAN, noun An inhabitant or native of Castile in Spain.

Casting

C`ASTING, participle of the present tense Throwing; sending; computing; calculating; turning; giving a preponderancy; deciding; running, or throwing into a mold to give shape. [See Cast.]

Casting

C`ASTING, noun The act of casting or founding.

2. That which is cast in a mold; any vessel formed by casting melted metal into a mold, or in sand.

3. The taking of casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, &c.

Casting-Net

C`ASTING-NET, noun A net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left.

May.

Casting-Vote

C`ASTING-VOTE, or C`ASTING-VOICE, noun The vote of a presiding officer, in an assembly or council, which decides a question, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided between the affirmative and negative.

U. States. Coxe.

When there was an equal vote, the Governor had the casting voice.

B. Trumbull.

Castle

CAS'TLE, noun kas'l. [Saxon castel; Latin castellum; Dutch kasteel; Armoric gastell; Norm. chaxtel; French chÃƒ-¢teau; Portugese castello; Italian id; Welsh cast, envelopment, from cÃƒ-¢s, a being separated or insulated, hatred, envy, a castle; castell, a castle, whence castellu, to surround; casul, a cloke, a chasuble. The Welch cÃƒ-¢s gives the primary sense, which is to separate, to drive off; hence, to defend. It is probably from this root the Latins had casa. We observe in the Welch, cÃƒ-¢s signifies, separated, a castle, and hatred, envy; also, hateful, odious; and casnawr, a hater, a persecutor; casnori, to persecute, to chase. Hence we see the radical sense of hatred is a driving off.]

1. A house fortified for defense against an enemy; a fortress. The term seems to include the house and the walls or other works around it. In old writers, the word is used for a town or village fortified.

2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince.

3. In a ship, there are two parts called by this name; the forecastle, a short deck in the fore part of the ship, above the upper deck; and the hindcastle, at the stern.

Castle in the air, a visionary project; a scheme that has no solid foundation.

Castle

CAS'TLE, verb transitive In the game of chess, to cover the king with a castle, by a certain move.

Encyc.

Castle-Builder

CAS'TLE-BUILDER, noun One who forms visionary schemes.

Castle-Building

CAS'TLE-BUILDING, noun The act of building castles in the air.

Castle-Crowned

CAS'TLE-CROWNED, adjective Crowned with a castle.

Castled

CAS'TLED, adjective Furnished with castles; as a castled elephant.

Dryden.

Castle-Guard

CAS'TLE-GUARD, noun A feudal tenure, or knight service, which obliged the tenant to perform service within the realm, without limitation of time.

Lyttelton.

Castlery

CAS'TLERY, noun The government of a castle.

Blount.

Castlet

CAS'TLET, noun A small castle.

Leland.

Castle-Ward

CAS'TLE-WARD, noun An imposition laid upon subjects dwelling within a certain distance of a castle, for the purpose of maintaining watch and ward in the castle.

Encyc.

Castling

C`ASTLING, noun An abortion or abortive.

Brown.

Castor

C`ASTOR, noun [Latin castor; French Spanish Portugese id.; Greek. See Arabic Class Gs. No. 42.]

1. A beaver, an amphibious quadruped, with a flat ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fore feet, and large hind feet.

2. A reddish brown substance, of a strong penetrating smell, taken from bags or cods in the groin of the beaver; a powerful antispasmodic.

Nicholson.

3. In astronomy, a moiety of the constellation Gemini, called also Apollo.

Castor and Pollux, in meteorology, a fiery meteor, which, at sea, appears sometimes adhering to a part of a ship, in the form of one, two and even three or four balls. When one is seen alone, it is called Helena, which portends that the severest part of the storm is yet to come. Two appearing at once are denominated Castor and Pollux, or Tyndaridoe, and portend a cesation of the storm.

Chambers.

Castorin

C`ASTORIN, or C`ASTORINE, noun An animal principle discovered in castor, and prepared by boiling castor in six times its weight of alcohol, and filtering the liquor. From this is deposited the Castorin.

Webster's Manual.

Castor-Oil

CASTOR-OIL, noun The oil of the Ricinus, or Palma Christi, a plant of the West Indies, which grows to the highth of twenty feet, in one season. The oil is obtained from the nuts or seeds by expression or decoction. That obtained by decoction is preferred, as less liable to become rancid, being free from the mucilage and acrid matter, which is mixed with the oil when expressed. It is a mild cathartic.

Encyc.

Castrametation

CASTRAMETA'TION, noun [Latin castrametor, to encamp, castra, camp, and metior, to measure or survey.]

The art or act of encamping; the marking or laying out of a camp.

Murphy's Tacitus.

Castrate

CAS'TRATE, verb transitive [Latin castro; French chÃƒ-¢trer, for chastrer; Spanish Portugese castrar; Italian castrare; Arabic, Ethiopic to castrate; Chaldee to cut out or off. Class Gs. No. 41. 42.]

1. To geld; to deprive of the testicles; to emasculate.

2. To take away or retrench, as the obscene parts of a writing.

3. To take out a leaf or sheet from a book, and render it imperfect.

Castrated

CAS'TRATED, participle passive Gelded; emasculated; purified from obscene expressions.

Castrating

CAS'TRATING, participle of the present tense Gelding; taking away the obscene parts of a writing.

Castration

CASTRA'TION, noun The act of gelding; the act or practice of making eunuchs; the act of taking away the obscene parts of a writing; the act of taking out a leaf or sheet of a book. In botany, the cutting off of the anthers, or tops of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the pollen.

Castrato

CASTRA'TO, noun [Italian See Castrate.] A male person emasculated for the purpose of improving his voice for a singer.

Swift.

Castrel

CAS'TREL, or KES'TREL, noun A kind of hawk, resembling the lanner in shape and the hobby in size.

Castrensian

CASTREN'SIAN, adjective [Latin castrensis, from castra, a camp.] Belonging to a camp.

Casual

CAS'UAL, a. cazh'ual. [French casuel; Spanish Portugese casual; Italian casuale; from Latin casus, a fall. See Case and Accident.]

1. Falling; happening or coming to pass without design in the person or persons affected, and without being foreseen, or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance; as, the parties had a casual rencounter.

2. Occasional; coming at certain times, without regularity, in distinction from stated, or regular; as casual expenses.

3. Taking place, or beginning to exist without an efficient intelligent cause, and without design.

Atheists assert that the existence of things is casual.

Dwight.

Casually

CAS'UALLY, adverb Accidentally; fortuitously; without design; by chance.

Casualness

CAS'UALNESS, noun Accidentalness; the quality of being casual.

Casualty

CAS'UALTY, noun Accident; that which comes by chance or without design, or without being foreseen; contingency.

2. An accident that produces unnatural death; and by a metonymy, death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident.

3. In Scots law, an emolument due from a vassal to his superior, beyond the stated yearly duties, upon certain casual events.

Encyc.

Casuist

CAS'UIST, noun [Italian Spanish Portugese casuista; French casuiste; from Latin casus, a case.]

One who studies and resolves cases of conscience.

The judgment of any casuist or learned divine is not sufficient to give him confidence.

South.

Casuist

CAS'UIST, verb intransitive To play the part of a casuist.

Milton.

Casuistic

CASUIS'TIC, or CASUIS'TICAL, adjective Relating to cases of conscience, or to cases of doubtful propriety.

South.

Casuistry

CAS'UISTRY, noun The science or doctrine of cases of conscience; the science of resolving cases of doubtful propriety, or of determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do, by rules and principles drawn from the scriptures, from the laws of society, or from equity and natural reason.

Pope.

Casus foederis. [Latin] The case stipulated by treaty; that which comes within the terms of compact.

Law of Nations.

Cat

CAT, noun [Irish cat; French chat; Dutch kat; Danish kat; Swedish katt; German kater, or katze; Latin catus; Vulgar Greek, or; Italian gatto; Portugese and Spanish gato; Lap. id.; Pol. kot; Russian kots; Turkish keti; Welsh cath; Cornish kath; Armoric gaz or kaz; Basque catua. In Arabic kitta, is a male cat. Class Gd. No. 56.]

1. A name applied to certain species of carnivorous quadrupeds, of the genus Felis. The domestic cat needs no description. It is a deceitful animal, and when enraged, extremely spiteful. It is kept in houses, chiefly for the purpose of catching rats and mice. The wild cat is much larger than the domestic cat. It is a strong, ferocious animal, living in the forest, and very destructive to poultry and lambs.

The wild cat of Europe is of the same species with the domestic cat; the catamount, of N. America, is much larger and a distinct species.

Ed. Encyc.

2. A ship formed on the Norwegian model, having a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and a deep waist. It is strong built, from four to six hundred tons burthen, and employed in the coal trade.

3. A strong tackle or combination of pulleys, to hook and draw an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship.

4. A double tripod having six feet.

Cat of nine tails, an instrument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of line or cord fastened to a piece of thick rope, and having three knots at intervals, used to flog offenders on board of ships.

Catamount

CAT'AMOUNT, noun Cat of the mountain, the wild cat.

Cat-Block

CAT'-BLOCK, noun A two or three fold block with an iron strop and large hook, used to draw up an anchor to the cat-head.

Mar. Dict.

Cats-Eye

CAT'S'-EYE, noun Sun-stone, a subspecies of quartz, called in Latin oculus cati or onycopalus, from its white zones or rings like onyx, and its variable colors like opal. It is very hard and semitransparent, and from certain points exhibits a yellowish radiation, or chatoyant appearance, somewhat resembling a cat's eye.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Cat-Eyed

CAT'-EYED, adjective Having eyes like a cat.

Dryden.

Cat-Fish

CAT'-FISH, noun A species of the Squalus, or shark. The cat-fish of the N. American rivers is a species of Cottus, or bull-head.

Cats-Foot

CAT'S'-FOOT, noun A plant of the genus Glechoma, ground ivy, or gill.

Cat-Gut

CAT'-GUT, noun The intestines of sheep or lambs, dried and twisted together, used as strings for violins and other instruments, and for other purposes. Great quantities are imported from Lyons and Italy.

Cat-Harpings

CAT'-HARPINGS, noun Ropes serving to brace in the shrouds of the lower masts behind their respective yards, to tighten the shrouds and give more room to draw in the yards, when the ship is close hauled.

Mar. Dict.

Cat-Head

CAT'-HEAD, noun A strong beam projecting horizontally over a ship's bows, carrying two or three sheaves, about which a rope called the cat-fall passes, and communicates with the cat-block.

Mar. Dict.

Cats-Head

CAT'S'-HEAD, noun A kind of apple.

Cat-Hook

CAT'-HOOK, noun A strong hook fitted to the cat-block.

Mar. Dict.

Cat-Mint

CAT'-MINT, noun A plant of the genus Nepeta, so called because cats eat it.

Cats-Paw

CAT'S'-PAW, noun Among seamen, a light air perceived, in a calm, by a rippling of the surface of the water; also, a particular turn in the bight of a rope, made to hook a tackle on.

Mar. Dict.

2. A dupe; the instrument which another uses.

Cat-Salt

CAT'-SALT, noun A sort of salt beautifully granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach-brine, used for making hard soap.

Catsilver

CAT'SILVER, noun A fossil, a species of mica.

Cat-Tail

CAT'-TAIL, noun [cat and tail.] A species of reed, of the genus Typha, the downy substance of which is used for stuffing mattresses, &c.

Bailey.

2. A substance growing on nut-trees, pines, &c.

Bailey.

Catabaptist

CATABAP'TIST, noun [Greek and.] One who opposes baptism.

Featley.

Catacaustic

CATACAUS'TIC, adjective [Greek, a burning.] Catacaustic curves, in geometry, are that species of caustic curves, which are formed by reflection.

Bailey. Encyc.

Catachresis

CATACHRE'SIS, noun [Greek, abuse, from, against, and, to use.]

An abuse of a trope or of words; a figure in rhetoric, when one word is abusively put for another, or when a word is too far wrested from its true signification; as, a voice beautiful to the ear.

Smith. Bailey. Johnson.

A catachresis is a trope which borrows the name of one thing to express another, or a harsh trope; as when Milton, speaking of Raphael's descent from heaven, says, he "sails between worlds and worlds." Here the novelty of the word sails enlivens the image. So in scripture we read of the "blood of the grape." Deuteronomy 32.

Catachrestic

CATACHRES'TIC, or CATACHRES'TICAL, adjective Belonging to a catachresis; forced; far-fetched; wrested from its natural sense.

Johnson. Brown.

Catachrestically

CATACHRES'TICALLY, adverb In a forced manner.

Evelyn.

Cataclysm

CAT'ACLYSM, noun [Greek, a deluge, from, to inundate.]

A deluge, or overflowing of water; particularly, the flood in Noah's days. [Little used.]

Hall.

Catacomb

CAT'ACOMB, noun [probably from Greek, and, a hollow or recess.]

A cave, grotto or subterraneous place for the burial of the dead. It is said to have been originally applied to the chapel of St. Sebastian in Rome, where the ancient Roman Calendars say, the body of St. Peter was deposited. It is now applied to a vast number of subterraneous sepulchers, about three miles from Rome, in the Appian way; supposed to be the cells and caves in which the primitive christians concealed themselves, and in which were deposited the bodies of the primitive martyrs. These are visited by devout people, and relics are taken from them, baptized by the Pope and dispersed through Catholic countries. Each catacomb is three feet broad and eight or ten high; along the side walls are sepulchral niches, closed with thick tiles or pieces of marble. Catacombs are found also at Naples and in other places.

Encyc.

Catacoustics

CATACOUS'TICS, noun [Greek, to hear.]

That part of acoustics or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of reflected sounds. But the distinction is deemed of little use.

Encyc.

Catadioptric

CATADIOP'TRIC, or CATADIOP'TRICAL, adjective [Greek, and, to see through.] Reflecting light.

Catadupe

CAT'ADUPE, noun [Greek, and, to sound.]

A cataract or waterfall. [Not in use.]

Brewer.

Catagmatic

CATAGMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, a fragment.]

That has the quality of consolidating broken parts; promoting the union of fractured bones.

Wiseman. Coxe.

Catagraph

CAT'AGRAPH, noun [Greek, and, to describe.]

The first draught of a picture; also, a profile.

Chambers.

Catalectic

CATALEC'TIC, adjective [Greek, and.]

Pertaining to metrical composition, or to measure.

Tyrwhitt.

Catalectic verses, are such as want either feet or syllables.

Cyc.

Catalepsis

CATALEP'SIS, or CAT'ALEPSY, noun [Greek, a seizing, from, to take, seize, or invade.]

A sudden suppression of motion and sensation, a kind of apoplexy, in which the patient is speechless, senseless, and fixed in one posture, with his eyes open, without seeing or understanding. The word is applied also to a retention of the breath or of the humors, and to the interception of the blood by bandages.

Encyc. Coxe.

Cataleptic

CATALEP'TIC, adjective Pertaining to catalepsy.

Catalogize

CAT'ALOGIZE, verb transitive To insert in a catalogue. [Not used.]

Coles.

Catalogue

CAT'ALOGUE, noun kat'alog. [Greek, and, according to words.]

A list or enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in a certain order, often in alphabetical order; as a catalogue of the students of a college, or of books, or of the stars.

Catalogue

CAT'ALOGUE, verb transitive [as above.] To make a list of.

Herbert.

Catalpa

CATAL'PA, noun A large tree of Carolina and the South, which in blossom has a beautiful appearance. It belongs to the genus Bignonia, or trumpet flower.

Drayton. Encyc.

Catalysis

CATAL'YSIS, noun [Greek.] Dissolution. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Catamenial

CATAME'NIAL, adjective [Greek; and, a month.]

Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrua discharges.

Catamite

CAT'AMITE, noun [Latin catamitus.] A boy kept for unnatural purposes.

Catapasm

CAT'APASM, noun [Greek.] A dry powder for sprinkling the body.

Coxe.

Catapelt

CAT'APELT, or CAT'APULT, noun [Greek; Latin catapulta; and, a target, or more probably from or, to throw or drive, Latin pello.]

A military engine used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, darts and arrows upon an enemy. Some of these would throw a stone of a hundred pounds weight.

Mitford.

Catapeltic

CATAPEL'TIC, adjective Pertaining to the catapelt. As a noun, the catapelt.

Cataphonics

CATAPHON'ICS, noun [Greek, and, sound.]

The doctrine of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics.

Encyc.

Cataphract

CAT'APHRACT, noun [Latin cataphracta; Greek, from, to arm or fortify.]

1. In the ancient military art, a piece of heavy defensive armor, formed of cloth or leather, strengthened with scales or links, used to defend the breast, or whole body, or even the horse as well as the rider.

Encyc.

2. A horseman in complete armor.

Milton.

Cataplasm

CAT'APLASM, noun [Greek, from, to anoint, or to spread as a plaster.]

A poultice; a soft and moist substance to be applied to some part of the body, to excite or repel heat, or to relax the skin, &c. When mustard is an ingredient, it is called a sinapism.

Encyc.

Catapuce

CAT'APUCE, noun The herb spurge. Obs.

Chaucer.

Cataract

CAT'ARACT, noun [Latin cataracta; Greek, from, to break or fall with violence, from, to strike or dash.]

1. A great fall of water over a precipice; as that of Niagara, of the Rhine, Danube and Nile. It is a cascade upon a great scale.

The tremendous cataracts of America thundering in their solitudes.

Irving.

2. In medicine and surgery, an opacity of the crystaline lens, or its capsule; a disorder in the eye, by which the pupil, which is usually black and transparent, becomes opake, blue, gray, brown, &c., by which vision is impaired or destroyed.

Encyc.

Catarrh

CAT`ARRH, n. catÃƒ- r. [Latin catarrhus; Greek, from, to flow down.]

A defluxion, or increased secretion of mucus from the membranes of the nose, fauces and bronchiae, with fever, sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude and loss of appetite, and sometimes an entire loss of taste; called also a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh is called Influenza.

Hooper. Coxe. Encyc.

Catarrhal

CAT`ARRHAL, or CAT`ARRHOUS, adjective Pertaining to catarrh, produced by it or attending it; as a catarrhal fever.

Catasterism

CATAS'TERISM, noun [Greek, from, to distinguish with stars, or to place among the stars; and, a star.]

A constellation, or a placing among the stars.

Catastrophe

CATAS'TROPHE, or CATAS'TROPHY, noun [Greek, an end or overthrowing, from, to subvert; and.]

1. The change or revolution which produces the final event of a dramatic piece; or the unfolding and winding up of the plot, clearing up difficulties, and closing the play. The ancients divided a play into the protasis, epitasis, catastasis, and catastrophy; the introduction, continuance, heightening, and development or conclusion.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. A final event; conclusion; generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster.

Catcall

CAT'CALL, noun [cat and call.] A squeaking instrument, used in play-houses to condemn plays.

Johnson. Pope.

Catch

CATCH, verb transitive pret. and pp. catched or caught. [Spanish coger, to catch, coinciding in elements with Greek. The orthography of caught determines the radical letters to be Cg. The popular or common pronunciation is ketch.]

1. To seize or lay hold on with the hand; carrying the sense of pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on.

And they came upon him and caught him. Acts 6.

2. To seize, in a general sense; as, to catch a ball; to catch hold of a bough.

3. To seize, as in a snare or trap; to ensnare; to entangle.

They sent certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words. Mark 12.

4. To seize in pursuit; hence simply to overtake; a popular use of the word.

5. To take hold; to communicate to.

The fire caught the adjoining building.

6. To seize the affections; to engage and attach to; as, to catch the fair.

Dryden.

7. To take or receive by contagion or infection; as, to catch the measles or small pox.

8. To snatch; to take suddenly; as, to catch a book out of the hand.

9. To receive something passing.

The swelling sails no more Catch the soft airs and wanton in the sky.

Trumbull.

To catch at, to endeavor to seize suddenly.

To catch at all opportunities of subverting the state.

Addison.

To catch up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.

Catch

CATCH, verb intransitive To communicate; to spread by infecting; as, a disease will catch from man to man.

2. To seize and hold; as, a hook catches.

Catch

CATCH, noun Seizure; the act of seizing.

2. Any thing that seizes or takes hold, as a hook.

3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an opportunity to seize; as, to lie upon the catch.

Addison.

4. A sudden advantage taken.

Dryden.

5. The thing caught, considered as an object of desire; profit; advantage.

Hector shall have a great catch.

Shak.

6. A snatch; a short interval of action.

It has been writ by catches.

Locke.

7. A little portion.

We retain a catch of a pretty story.

Glanville.

8. In music, a fugue in the unison, wherein to humor some conceit in the words, the melody is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and caught and supported by another, or a different sense is given to the words; or a piece for three or more voices, one of which leads and the others follow in the same notes.

Encyc. Busby.

Catchable

CATCH'ABLE, adjective That may be caught. [Not well authorized.]

Catcher

CATCH'ER, noun One who catches; that which catches, or in which any thing is caught.

Catch-Fly

CATCH'-FLY, noun A plant of the genus Lychnis; campion.

Catching

CATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Seizing; taking hold; ensnaring; entangling.

Catching

CATCH'ING, adjective Communicating, or that may be communicated, by contagion; infectious; as, a disease is catching.

Catchpenny

CATCH'PENNY, noun [catch and penny.] Something worthless, particularly a book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and intended to gain money in market.

Catch-Poll

CATCH'-POLL, noun [catch and poll, the head.] A bailiff's assistant, so called by way of reproach.

Catchup

CATCH'UP, or CAT'SUP, noun A liquor extracted from mushrooms, used as a sauce.

Catch-Word

CATCH'-WORD, noun Among printers, the word placed at the bottom of each page, under the last line, which is to be inserted as the first word on the following page.

Cate

CATE, noun [See Cates.]

Catechetical

CATECHET'ICAL, adjective [See Catechise.] Relating to oral instruction, and particularly in the first principles of the christian religion.

2. Relating to or consisting in asking questions and receiving answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching pupils.

Socrates introduced a catechetical method of arguing.

Addison.

Catechetically

CATECHET'ICALLY, adverb By question and answer; in the way of oral instruction.

Catechise

CAT'ECHISE, v. t. s as z. [Greek, and, to sound, to utter sound, to teach by the voice; from, and, to sound, whence echo. Hence, catechise, catechism, instruction.]

1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers, and offering explanations and corrections.

2. To question; to interrogate; to examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person, which condemn his own conduct.

3. Appropriately, to ask questions concerning the doctrines of the christian religion; to interrogate pupils and give instruction in the principles of religion.

Catechised

CAT'ECHISED, participle passive Instructed.

Catechiser

CAT'ECHISER, noun One who catechises; one who instructs by question and answer, and particularly in the rudiments of the christian religion.

Catechising

CAT'ECHISING, participle of the present tense Instructing in rudiments or principles.

Catechism

CAT'ECHISM, noun [Greek.] A form of instruction by means of questions and answers, particularly in the principles of religion.

2. An elementary book containing a summary of principles in any science or art, but appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of questions and answers, and sometimes with notes, explanations, and references to authorities.

Catechist

CAT'ECHIST, noun [Greek.] One who instructs viva voce, or by question and answer; a catechiser; one appointed by the church to instruct in the principles of religion.

Catechistic

CATECHIS'TIC, or CATECHIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to a catechist, or catechism.

Catechu

CAT'ECHU, noun Terra Japonica, a dry extract, or brown astringent substance, obtained by decoction and evaporation from a species of Mimosa in India. It consists chiefly of tannin.

Thomson. Ure.

Catechumen

CATECHU'MEN, noun [Greek, places where hearers stood to be instructed, or buildings adjoining a church where the catechist taught the doctrines of religion.]

One who is in the first rudiments of christianity; one who is receiving instruction and preparing himself for baptism. These were anciently the children of believing parents, or pagans not fully initiated in the principles of the christian religion. They were admitted to this state by the imposition of hands, and the sign of the cross.

Encyc.

Catechumenical

CATECHUMEN'ICAL, adjective Belonging to catechumens.

Catechumenist

CATECHU'MENIST, noun A catechumen.

Bp. Morton.

Categorical

CATEGOR'ICAL, adjective [See Category.] Pertaining a category.

2. Absolute; positive; express; not relative or hypothetical; as a categorical proposition, syllogism or answer.

Categorically

CATEGOR'ICALLY, adverb Absolutely; directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm categorically.

Category

CAT'EGORY, noun [Greek, from, to accuse, show, demonstrate; and, to speak in an assembly, to harangue or denounce, from, a forum, judicial tribunal or market.]

In logic, a series or order of all the predicates or attributes contained under a genus. The school philosophers distributed all the objects of our thoughts and ideas into genera or classes. Aristotle made ten categories, viz. substance, quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, situation and habit.

Encyc.

Catenarian

CATENA'RIAN, or CAT'ENARY, adjective [Latin catenarius, from catena, a chain.]

Relating to a chain; like a chain. The catenarian curve, in geometry, is formed by a rope or chain hanging freely between two points of suspension, whether the points are horizontal or not.

Harris. Encyc.

Catenate

CAT'ENATE, verb transitive [Latin catena, a chain; German kette; Sanscrit ketta, whence kettenu, to bind.]

To chain, or rather to connect in a series of links or ties.

Darwin.

Catenation

CATENA'TION, noun Connection of links, union of parts, as in a chain; regular connection. [See Concatenation.]

Catenulate

CAT'ENULATE, adjective Consisting of little links or chains.

Cater

CA'TER, verb intransitive [In Italian cattare is to get; accattare, to beg or borrow. In French acheter is to buy; Norm. acat, a buying. The French quÃƒ-ªter, for quester, to beg, seems to be a different word. See Caterer.]

To provide food; to buy or procure provisions; followed by for; as, to eater for the the sparrow.

Shak.

Cater

CA'TER, noun A provider. [See Caterer.] Old achator.

Chaucer.

Cater

CA'TER, noun The four of cards or dice; so written for French quatre.

Cater-Cousin

CA'TER-COUSIN, noun A quatre-cousin, a remote relation.

Shak.

Caterer

CA'TERER, noun [from cater. In Chaucer, achator, a purchaser or caterer, is evidently from acheter, to buy.]

A provider, buyer or purveyor of provisions.

Chaucer, Cant. Tales. 570. South.

Cateress

CA'TERESS, noun A woman who caters; a female provider of food.

Caterpillar

CAT'ERPILLAR, noun [The etymology of this word is uncertain. Perhaps it may be from French chatte pelue, hairy cat.]

The colored and often hairy larva of the lepidopterous insects. This term is also applied to the larvas of other insects, such as the Tenthredo, or saw-fly; but is more generally confined to the lepidopters. Caterpillars are produced immediately from the egg; they are furnished with several pairs of feet, and have the shape and appearance of a worm. They contain the embryo of the perfect insect, inclosed within a muscular envelop, which is thrown off, when the insect enters the nymph or chrysalis state, in which it remains for sometime as if inanimate. It then throws off its last envelop, and emerges a perfect insect. Caterpillars generally feed on leaves or succulent vegetables, and are sometimes very destructive.

Ed. Encyc. Kirby.

Caterpillar-Eater

CAT'ERPILLAR-EATER, noun A worm bred in the body of a caterpillar, which eats it.

Encyc.

Caterwaul

CAT'ERWAUL, verb intransitive [probably from cat and wawl, Italian guaiolare, wail.]

To cry or wawl, as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh offensive noise.

Caterwauling

CAT'ERWAULING, noun The cry of cats; a harsh disagreeable noise or cry.

Catery

CA'TERY, noun The place where provisions are deposited.

Cates

CATES, noun Delicious food or viands; dainties.

Catharist

CATH'ARIST, noun [Greek, pure.] One who pretends to more purity than others possess.

Cathartic

CATH`ARTIC, or CATH`ARTICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to purge, clean, and, to remove.]

Purging; cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.

Cathartic

CATH`ARTIC, noun A medicine that promotes alvine discharges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels; a purge; a purgative.

Catharticalness

CATH`ARTICALNESS, noun The quality of promoting discharges from the bowels.

Cathedral

CATHE'DRAL, noun [Latin cathedra; Greek, a chair or seat, from and, a seat.]

The see or seat of a bishop; the principal church in a diocese.

Cathedral

CATHE'DRAL, adjective Pertaining to the church which is the bishop's seat, or head church of a diocese; containing the see of a bishop; as a cathedral church; cathedral service.

2. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks.

Pope.

Cathderated

CATH'DERATED, adjective Relating to the authority of the chair or office of a teacher.

Whitlock.

Catheter

CATH'ETER, noun [Greek, from, to thrust in; and, to send.]

In surgery, a tubular instrument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into the bladder, to draw off the urine when the natural discharge is suppressed; also, a sound to search for the stone, or a bougie made of silver or elastic gum.

Encyc. Coxe.

Cathetus

CATH'ETUS, noun [Greek. See Catheter.]

In geometry, a line or radius, falling perpendicularly on another line or surface; as the two sides of a right-angled triangle.

Encyc.

Cathetus of incidence, in catoptrics, is a right line drawn from a point of the object, perpendicular to the reflecting line.

Cathetus of reflection, or of the eye, a right line drawn from the eye, perpendicular to the reflecting plane.

Cathetus of obliquation, a right line drawn perpendicular to the speculum, in the point of incidence or reflection.

In architecture, a cathetus is a perpendicular line, supposed to pass through the middle of a cylindrical body.

Encyc.

Catholic

CATH'OLIC, adjective [Greek, and, from, the whole; Latin catholicus; French catholique; Spanish catolico; Italian cattolico.]

Universal or general; as the Catholic church. Originally this epithet was given to the Christian church in general, but is now appropriated to the Romish church, and in strictness there is no Catholic church, or universal Christian communion. The epithet is sometimes set in opposition to heretic, sectary or schismatic.

2. Liberal; not narrow minded, partial or bigoted; as a catholic man.

3. Liberal; as catholic principles.

Catholic epistles, the epistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church.

Catholic

CATH'OLIC, noun A papist.

Catholicism

CATH'OLICISM, noun Adherence to the Catholic church.

2. Universality, or the orthodox faith of the whole church.

Pearson.

3. More generally, liberality of sentiments.

This is the renowned seat of Catholicism.

E. Dutch Griffin.

Catholicize

CATH'OLICIZE, verb intransitive To become a catholic. [Little used.]

Catholicly

CATH'OLICLY, adverb Generally; in a catholic manner.

Sir Latin Cary.

Catholicness

CATH'OLICNESS, noun Universality.

Brevint.

Catholicon

CATHOL'ICON, noun [Greek, universal remedy.]

A remedy for all diseases; a universal remedy; a remedy supposed to be efficacious in purging away all humors; a panacea; a kind of soft purgative electuary so called.

Catilinism

CAT'ILINISM, noun The practices of Catiline, the Roman conspirator; conspiracy.

Catkin

CAT'KIN, noun [from cat and kin.] In botany, a species of calyx or rather of inflorescence, from a common chaffy gemmaceous receptacle, or consisting of many chaffy scales ranged along a stalk, slender as a thread, which is the common receptacle, as in hazle, birch, oak, willow, poplar, &c.; so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail.

Martyn.

Cat-Like

CAT'-LIKE. adjective Resembling a cat.

Shak.

Catling

CAT'LING, noun A dismembering knife, used by surgeons.

Harris.

2. The down or moss growing about walnut trees, resembling the hair of a cat.

Harris.

3. Catgut. Qu.

Shak.

Catonian

CATO'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to or resembling Cato, the Roman, who was remarkable for his severity of manners; grave; severe; inflexible.

Catopter

CATOP'TER, or CATOP'TRON, noun [Greek. See Catoptrics.] An optical glass or instrument.

Dict.

Catoptric

CATOP'TRIC, or CATOP'TRICAL, adjective [See Catoptrics.] Relating to catoptrics, or vision by reflection.

Catoptrics

CATOP'TRICS, noun [Greek, from, a mirror, from, against, and, to see.]

That part of optics which explains the properties of reflected light, and particularly that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies.

Encyc.

Catoptromancy

CATOP'TROMANCY, noun [Greek; a mirror, and, divination.]

A species of divination among the ancients, which was performed by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.

Encyc.

Cat-Pipe

CAT'-PIPE, noun [See Catcall.]

Catsup

CAT'SUP, noun [See Catchup, Ketchup.]

Cattle

CAT'TLE, n. sing. or plu. [Norm. catal, chastel, and chatters, goods, commodities, movables; Armoric chetal, beasts; Portugese gado, cattle. In Syriac and Chaldee and signify a flock, herd, possession, goods. But Spelman alledges that the word chattel is contracted from capitalia, captal, from caput, a word used in the middle ages for all goods, movable and immovable, answering nearly to the use of Greek, Acts 22:28., "with a great price or sum I obtained this freedom." Qu. Spanish caudal, wealth, property, capital sum.]

Beasts or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or other labor, and for food to man. In its primary sense, the word includes camels, horses, asses, all the varieties of domesticated horned beasts or the bovine genus, sheep of all kinds and goats, and perhaps swine. In this general sense, it is constantly used in the scriptures. See Job 1:3. Hence it would appear that the word properly signifies possessions, goods. But whether from a word originally signifying a beast, for in early ages beasts constituted the chief part of a man's property, or from a root signifying to get or possess, Greek, Italian cattare, or from capitalia, it is not easy to determine. This word is restricted to domestic beasts; but in England it includes horses, which it ordinarily does not, in the United States, at least not in New-England.

2. In the United States, cattle, in common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, oxen, bulls, cows and their young. In the laws respecting domestic beasts, horses, sheep, assess, mules and swine are distinguished from cattle, or neat cattle. Thus the law in Connecticut, requiring "that all the owners of any cattle, sheep or swine, shall ear-mark or brand all their cattle, sheep and swine," does not extend to horses. Yet it is probable that a law, giving damages for a trespass committed by cattle breaking into an inclosure, would be adjudged to include horses.

In Great Britain, beasts are distinguished into black cattle, including bulls, oxen, cows and their young; and small cattle, including sheep of all kinds and goats.

3. In reproach, human beings are called cattle.

Shak.

Caucasian

CAUCA'SIAN, or CAUCASE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Mount Caucasus in Asia.

As. Researches. Pinkerton.

Caucus

CAUC'US, noun A word used in America to denote a meeting of citizens to agree upon candidates to be proposed for election to offices, or to concert measures for supporting a party. The origin of the word is not ascertained.

Caudal

CAUD'AL, adjective [Latin cauda, a tail.] Pertaining to a tail; or to the thread which terminates the seed of a plant.

Botany.

Caudate

CAUD'ATE, or CAUD'ATED, adjective [Latin cauda, a tail.] Having a tail.

Fairfax.

Caudex

CAUD'EX, noun plu. caudexes. [Latin] In botany, the stem of a tree. Linne uses the word for the stock which proceeds from a seed, one part ascending and forming the body above ground, the other descending and putting forth roots.

Martyn. Darwin.

Caudle

CAU'DLE, noun [French chaudeau, from chaud, warm or hot, by contraction from Latin calidus or its root; Italian caldo.]

A kind of warm broth, a mixture of wine and other ingredients prepared for the sick.

Wiseman.

Caudle

CAU'DLE, verb transitive To make or prepare caudle, or to dress with caudle.

Shak.

Cauf

CAUF, noun [probably from the root of coffer.]

A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water.

Ash.

Caught

CAUGHT, preterit tense and participle passive of catch, pronounced caut.

Cauk

CAUK, or CAWK, noun A name given by miners to certain specimens of the compact sulphate of baryte. These are of a white, gray or fawn color, often irregular in figure, but sometimes resembling a number of small convex lenses set in a ground.

Nicholson. Ure.

This name is sometimes given to masses composed of concentric lamellar concretions.

Cleaveland.

Cauky

CAUK'Y, adjective Pertaining to cauk; like cauk.

Woodward.

Caul

CAUL, noun [Latin caula, a fold, from the root of hold. See Hold.]

1. In anatomy, a membrane in the abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intestines, called from its structure, reticulum, a net, but more generally, the omentum; also, a little membrane sometimes encompassing the head of a child when born.

Encyc.

2. A kind of net in which females inclose their hair; the hinder part of a cap.

Dryden.

3. Any kind of net.

Grew.

Caulescent

CAULES'CENT, adjective [Latin caulis, a stalk; Greek. See Cole.]

In botany, having a stem different from that which produces the flower; as a caulescent plant. Linne applies this term to the root also, as in cabbage and turnep.

Martyn. Lee.

Cauliferous

CAULIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin caulis, a stem, and fero, to bear.]

In botany, having a stem or stalk.

Cauliflower

CAUL'IFLOWER, noun [Italian cavolfiore; Latin caulis, Welsh cawl, Dutch kool, and flower.]

A variety of Brassica or cabbage, well known and much esteemed.

Cauliform

CAUL'IFORM, adjective [Latin caulis, a stem, and forma, form.]

Having the form of a stalk or of stems.

Kirwan.

Cauline

CAUL'INE, adjective [Latin caulis, a stalk.] In botany, growing immediately on the stem, without the intervention of branches; as a cauline leaf, bulb, peduncle or scape.

Martyn.

Caulk

CAULK, [See Calk.]

Cauponate

CAUP'ONATE, verb intransitive [Latin cauponor.] To keep a victualling house. [Not in use.]

Cauponise

CAUP'ONISE, verb transitive To sell wine or victuals. [Not in use.]

Warburton.

Causable

CAUS'ABLE, adjective [See Cause.] That may be caused, produced or effected.

Ash.

Causal

CAUS'AL, adjective [See Cause.] Relating to a cause or causes; implying or containing a cause or causes; expressing a cause.

Causal propositions are where two propositions are joined by causal words, as that or because.

Watts.

Causal

CAUS'AL, noun In grammar, a word that expresses a cause, or introduces the reason.

Harris.

Causality

CAUSAL'ITY, noun The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.

Encyc. Glanville.

Causally

CAUS'ALLY, adverb According to the order or series of causes.

Johnson. Brown.

Causalty

CAUS'ALTY, noun Among miners, the lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off by washing.

Encyc.

Causation

CAUSA'TION, noun The act of causing or producing; the act or agency by which an effect is produced.

Brown.

Causative

CAUS'ATIVE, adjective That expresses a cause or reason; also, that effects as a cause.

Johnson.

Causatively

CAUS'ATIVELY, adverb In a causative manner.

Causator

CAUSA'TOR, noun One who causes or produces an effect.

Brown.

Cause

CAUSE, n. s as z. [French cause; Spanish Portugese Italian causa; Latin causa, from the Celtic; Welsh acaws, effecting power, allied to cais, effort, ceisiaw, to seek or go after, to attempt; Armoric caus or cos. The primary sense is to urge, press, impel, like sequor, whence suit; hence, to accuse, to attack or follow with a charge. The root of this word coincides with that of castle, cast, &c., which express a driving. A cause is that which moves, excites or impels to action or effect; in law, a pressing for a claim. See Question. Cause, sake and thing have the like radical sense.]

1. A suit or action in court; any legal process which a party institutes to obtain his demand, or by which he seeks his right or his supposed right. This is a legal, scriptural and popular use of the word, coinciding nearly with case from cado, and action from ago, to urge or drive.

The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Exodus 22.

2. That which produces an effect; that which impels into existence, or by its agency or operation produces what did not before exist; that by virtue of which any thing is done; that from which any thing proceeds, and without which it would not exist.

Cause is a substance exerting its power into act, to make a thing begin to be.

Locke.

3. The reason or motive that urges, moves, or impels the mind to act or decide.

For this cause have I raised up Pharaoh. Exodus 9.

And David said, is there not a cause? 1 Samuel 17.

4. Sake; account.

I did not for his cause that had done the wrong. 2. Corinthians 7. [See Sake.]

5. That which a party or nation pursues; or rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. We say, Bible Societies are engaged in a noble cause. [See the first definition.] Hence the word cause is used to denote that which a person or thing favors; that to which the efforts of an intelligent being are directed; as, to promote religion is to advance the cause of God. So we say, the cause of truth or of justice. In all its applications, cause retains something of its original meaning, struggle, impelling force, contest, effort to obtain or to effect something.

6. Without cause, without good reason; without a reason or motive to justify the act.

They hate me without cause. Psalm 35, 69.

Cause

CAUSE, verb transitive To produce; to bring into existence.

They caused great joy to all the brethren. Acts 15.

2. To effect by agency, power or influence.

I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days. Genesis 7.

I will cause him to fall by the sword. 2 Kings 19.

Cause

CAUSE, verb intransitive To assign insufficient cause. Obs.

Spenser.

Caused

CAUS'ED, participle passive Produced; effected; brought about.

Causeless

CAUSELESS, a. cauz'less. Having no cause, or producing agent.

Blackmore.

2. Without just ground, reason or motive; as causeless hatred; causeless fear.

Fairfax. Waller. Proverbs 26.

Causelessly

CAUSELESSLY, adv. cauz'lessly. Without cause or reason.

Taylor.

Causelessness

CAUSELESSNESS, n. cauz'lessness. The state of being causeless.

Hammond.

Causer

CAUS'ER, noun He that causes; the agent by which an effect is produced.

Johnson. Sidney.

Causey

CAUS'EY, n. cauz'y. [Norm. calsay; French chaussÃƒ-©e for chaulsÃƒ-©e, a bank, or raised way; Armoric chauÃƒ-§zer, the bank or mole of a pond. The Spanish has calzada, a causey, or way paved and raised; Portugese calÃƒ-§ada, a pavement, and stones used in paving. Both these words are evidently from the same root as Spanish calzas, Portugese calÃƒ-§ado, Spanish calzado, hose, loose breeches, trowsers, shoes, French chausse, and the French word is evidently the same with the loss of l. The sense is probably taken from putting on, covering, Portugese calÃƒ-§ar, to put on shoes, or stockings, to pave, Spanish calzar, id, Latin calceo, calceus.]

A way raised above the natural level of the ground, by stones, earth, timber, fascines, &c., serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground, or as a mole to confine water to a pond or restrain it from over-flowing lower ground. Most generally it is a way raised in a common road.

Causidical

CAUSID'ICAL, adjective [Latin causidicus, causa and dico.]

Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits.

Causing

CAUS'ING, participle of the present tense Producing; effecting; bringing into being.

Caustic

CAUS'TIC, or CAUS'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to burn.]

Burning; corroding; destroying the texture of animal flesh.

Caustic

CAUS'TIC, noun In medicine, any substance which applied to living animals, acts like fire, in corroding the part and dissolving its texture; an escharotic. [See Causticity.]

Coxe. Encyc.

Lunar caustic, a preparation of crystals of silver, obtained by solution in nitric acid, and afterwards fused in a crucible. It is a nitrate of silver.

Nicholson.

Caustic curve, in geometry, a curve formed by a coincidence of rays of light reflected from another curve.

Encyc.

Causticity

CAUSTIC'ITY, noun The quality of acting like fire on animal matter, or the quality of combining with the principles of organized substances, and destroying their texture. This quality belongs to concentrated acids, pure alkalis, and some metallic salts.

Nicholson.

Cautel

CAU'TEL, noun [Latin cautela, from caveo, to take care.] Caution. [Not used.]

Shak.

Cautelous

CAU'TELOUS, adjective [French cauteleux, from Latin cautela.] Cautious; wary; provident.

Wotton.

2. Cunning; treacherous; wily.

Spenser.

Cautelously

CAU'TELOUSLY, adverb Cunningly; slily; treacherously.

Bacon.

2. Cautiously; warily.

Brown.

Cautelousness

CAU'TELOUSNESS, noun Cautiousness.

Cauterism

CAU'TERISM, noun The application of cautery.

Ferrand.

Cauterization

CAUTERIZA'TION, noun [See Cauterize.]

In surgery, the act of burning or searing some morbid part, by the application of fire. This is done by burning tow, cotton, moxa, Spanish wax, pyramidical pieces of linen, &c., or more generally by a hot iron.

Encyc.

Cauterize

CAU'TERIZE, v.t. [French cauteriser; Spanish Portugese cauterizar; Italian cauterizzare; Greek, from, a burning or branding iron, from, to burn.]

To burn or sear with fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh.

Cauterized

CAU'TERIZED, participle passive Burnt or seared with a hot iron.

Cauterizing

CAU'TERIZING, participle of the present tense Burning, as with a hot iron.

Cauterizing

CAU'TERIZING, noun The act of burning, as with a hot iron.

Cautery

CAU'TERY, noun [Greek; Latin cauterium. See Cauterize.]

A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, by a hot iron or by caustic medicines that burn, corrode or destroy any solid part of an animal body. The burning by a hot iron is called actual cautery; that by caustic medicines, potential cautery.

Caution

CAU'TION, noun [Latin cautio; French caution; Spanish caucion; from Latin caveo, to take care. See Class Gb. No. 3. 52. 53. 83. The sense of caveo is probably to retire, or to stop, check or hold.]

1. Provident care; prudence in regard to danger; wariness, consisting in a careful attention to the probable effects of a measure, and a judicious course of conduct to avoid evils and the arts of designing men.

Caution is the armor to defend us against imposition and the attacks of evil.

2. Security for, nearly the sense of the French caution, bail.

The parliament would give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be prosecuted.

Clarendon.

3. Provision or security against; measures taken for security; as the rules and cautions of government.

4. Precept; advice; injunction; warning; exhortation, intended as security or guard against evil.

Caution

CAU'TION, v.t. To give notice of danger; to warn; to exhort to take heed.

You cautioned me against their charms.

Swift.

Cautionary

CAU'TIONARY, adjective Containing caution, or warning to avoid danger; as cautionary advice.

2. Given as a pledge or in security; as a cautionary town.

Cautioned

CAU'TIONED, participle passive Warned; previously admonished.

Cautioner

CAU'TIONER, noun In Scots law, the person who is bound for another, to the performance of an obligation.

Cautioning

CAU'TIONING, participle of the present tense Warning; giving previous notice of danger.

Cautionry

CAU'TIONRY, noun In Scots law, the act of giving security for another, or the obligation by which one person becomes engaged as security for another, that he shall pay a sum of money or perform a deed.

Encyc.

Cautious

CAU'TIOUS, adjective Wary; watchful; careful to avoid evils; attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of measures, with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect.

Cautiously

CAU'TIOUSLY, adverb With caution; in a wary, scrupulous manner.

Cautiousness

CAU'TIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being cautious; watchfulness; provident care; circumspection; prudence with regard to danger.

Addison.

Cavalcade

CAV'ALCADE, noun [French cavalcade; Spanish cabalgada; Italian cavalcata. See Cavalry.]

A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march of horsemen and equipage, by way of parade, or to grace a triumph, the public entry of a person of distinction, &c.

Cavalier

CAVALIE'R, noun [French See Cavalry.] A horseman, especially an armed horseman; a knight.

2. A gay, sprightly, military man.

3. The appellation of the party of king Charles I.

Swift.

4. In fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, with embrasures.

Encyc.

4. In the manege, one who understands horsemanship; one skilled in the art of riding.

Cavalier

CAVALIE'R, adjective Gay; sprightly; warlike; brave; generous.

2. Haughty; disdainful.

Cavalierly

CAVALIE'RLY, adverb Haughtily; arrogantly; disdainfully.

Warburton.

Cavalierness

CAVALIE'RNESS, noun Haughtiness; a disdainful manner.

Cavalry

CAV'ALRY, noun [French cavalerie, from cavalier, a horseman, and this from cheval, a horse, whence cavalcade; Italian cavallo, a horse, cavaliere, cavalcata; Spanish caballo, caballero, cabalgada; from Latin caballus, a horse; Irish capall and peall; Russian kobila, a mare; Greek, a pack-horse.]

A body of military troops on horses; a general term, including light-horse, dragoons, and other bodies of men, serving on horse-back.

Encyc.

Cavate

CA'VATE, verb transitive [Latin cavo, to make hollow.]

To dig out and make hollow; but superseded by excavate.

Cavatina

CAVATINA, noun [Italian] In music, a short air, without a return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by recitative.

Busby.

Cavazion

CAVA'ZION, noun [Latin cavo, to hollow.] In architecture, the underdigging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a building, or for cellarage; allowed to be the sixth part of the highth of the building.

Johnson. Bailey.

Cave

CAVE, noun [French cave; Latin cavea; Spanish cueva; Italian cava; Armoric caff, or cau; Welsh ogov; Hindoo, gopa; Arabic to dig out or excavate, or to be hollow. Class Gb. No. 8. 71.]

A hollow place in the earth; a subterraneous cavern; a den. This may be natural or artificial. The primitive inhabitants of the earth, in many countries, lived in caves; and the present inhabitants of some parts of the earth, especially in the high northern latitudes, occupy caves, particularly in winter.

Lot dwelt in a cave, he and his daughters. Genesis 19.

Caves were also used for the burial of the dead.

Abraham buried Sarah in the cave of the field of Machpelah. Genesis 23.

Bacon applies the word to the ear, "the cave of the ear;" but this application is unusual.

Cave

CAVE, verb transitive To make hollow.

Spenser.

Cave

CAVE, verb intransitive To dwell in a cave.

Shak.

To cave in, to fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the side of a well or pit. When in digging into the earth, the side is excavated by a falling of a quantity of earth, it is said to cave in.

Caveat

CA'VEAT, noun [Latin caveat, let him beware, from caveo.]

In law, a process in a court, especially in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop the proving of a will; also to prevent the institution of a clerk to a benefice.

Blackstone.

In America, it is used in courts of common law.

Cranch's Reports.

2. Intimation of caution; hint; warning; admonition.

Caveat

CA'VEAT, verb transitive To enter a caveat.

Judge Innes, Cranch's Rep.

Caveating

CA'VEATING, noun In fencing, is the shifting the sword from one side of that of your adversary to the other.

Encyc.

Caveator

CA'VEATOR, noun One who enters a caveat.

Judge Innes, Cranch's Rep.

Cavern

CAV'ERN, noun [Latin caverna; Spanish Portugese Italian id. This word seems to be composed of cavus, and the Saxon oern, a secret place.]

A deep hollow place in the earth. In general, it differs from cave in greater depth, and in being applied most usually to natural hollows, or chasms.

Earth with its caverns dark and deep.

Watts.

Caverned

CAV'ERNED, adjective Full of caverns, or deep chasms; having caverns.

2. Inhabiting a cavern.

Pope.

Cavernous

CAV'ERNOUS, adjective [Latin cavernosus.] Hollow; full of caverns.

Woodward.

[Faber uses cavernal, which is less reglarly formed.]

Cavernulous

CAVERN'ULOUS, adjective [Latin cavernula.] Full of little cavities; as cavernulous metal.

Black.

Cavetto

CAVET'TO, noun [from Italian cavo.] In architecture, a hollow member, or round concave molding, containing the quadrant of a circle; used as an ornament in cornices.

Encyc.

Cavezon

CAV'EZON, or CAV'ESSON, noun [French caveÃƒ-§on, or cavesson; Italian cavezzone, a muzzle for a horse, from cavare, to draw.]

A sort of nose-band, of iron, leather or wood, sometimes flat, and sometimes hollow or twisted, which is put on the nose of a horse to wring it, and thus to forward the suppling and breaking of him.

Farrier's Dict.

Caviar

CAVIAR, n. cavee'r [Spanish cabial; Italian caviale; Arabic gabiar. The Arabic verb gabara, from which this word is formed, signifies to try, to strain or press, and to season with fat. It may coincide with the Greek, Latin experior.]

The roes of certain large fish, prepared and salted. The best is made from the roes of the sterlet, sturgeon, sevruga, and beluga, caught in the lakes or rivers of Russia. The roes are put into a bag with a strong brine, and pressed by wringing, and then dried and put in casks, or into cisterns, perforated at bottom, where they are pressed by heavy weights. The poorest sort is trodden with the feet.

Tooke.

Cavil

CAV'IL, verb intransitive [Spanish cavilar; Portugese cavillar; Italian cavillare; Latin cavillor; Dutch kibbelen; Oriental; Chaldee to cry out or complain; Syriac to accuse, oppose, censure.]

1. To raise captious and frivolous objections; to find fault without good reason; followed by at.

It is better to reason than to cavil.

Anon.

2. To advance futile objections, or to frame sophisms, for the sake of victory in an argument.

Cavil

CAV'IL, verb transitive To receive or treat with objections.

Ã‚--Wilt thou enjoy the good, Then cavil the conditions.

Milton.

[Not usual.]

Cavil

CAV'IL, noun False or frivolous objections; also, a fallacious kind of reason, bearing some resemblance to truth, advanced for the sake of victory.

Johnson. Encyc.

Caviler

CAV'ILER, noun One who cavils; one who is apt to raise captious objections; a captious disputant.

Addison.

Caviling

CAV'ILING, participle of the present tense Raising frivolous objections.

Cavilingly

CAV'ILINGLY, adverb In a caviling manner.

Sherwood.

Cavillation

CAVILLA'TION, noun [Latin cavillatio.] The act or practice of caviling, or raising frivolous objections.

Hooker.

Cavilous

CAV'ILOUS, adjective Captious; unfair in argument; apt to object without good reason.

Ayliffe.

Cavilously

CAV'ILOUSLY, adverb In a cavilous manner; captiously.

Milton.

Cavilousness

CAV'ILOUSNESS, noun Captiousness; disposition or aptitude to raise frivolous objections.

Cavin

CAV'IN, noun [French from Latin cavus, hollow.] In the military art, a hollow way or natural hollow, adapted to cover troops and facilitate their approach to a place.

Johnson. Bailey.

Cavity

CAV'ITY, noun [Latin cavitas; French cavitÃƒ-©; from Latin cavus, hollow.]

A hollow place; hollowness; an opening; as the cavity of the mouth or throat. This is a word of very general signification.

Cavolinite

CAV'OLINITE, noun [from Cavolini, a Neapolitan naturalist.]

A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral, of a hexahedral form, occurring in the interior of calcarious balls, accompanied with garnets, idocrase, mica, and granular pyroxene, lining the cavity of the geode, &c.

Journ. of Science.

Cavy

CA'VY, noun A genus of quadrupeds, holding a middle place between the murine and leporine tribes.

Encyc.

Caw

CAW, verb intransitive [probably from the sound; Saxon ceo, a crow or a jay.]

To cry like a crow, rook or raven.

Caxou

CAX'OU, noun [Spanish caxa, caxon.] A chest of ores of any metal that has been burnt, ground and washed, and is ready to be refined. [Local.]

Todd.

Cayman

CA'YMAN, noun An animal of the genus Lacerta, found in the West Indies, the alligator.

Cazic

CAZIC, or CAZIQUE, n. cazeÃƒ-©k. The title of a king or chief among several tribes of Indians in America.

Cease

CEASE, verb intransitive [French cesser; Spanish cesar; Portugese cessar; Italian cessare; Latin cesso.]

1. To stop moving, acting or speaking; to leave off; to give over; followed by from before a noun.

It is an honor for a man to cease from strife. Proverbs 20.

2. To fail; to be wanting.

The poor shall never cease out of the land. Deuteronomy 15.

3. To stop; to be at an end; as, the wonder ceases; the storm has ceased.

4. To be forgotten.

I would make the remembrance of them to cease. Deuteronomy 32.

5. To abstain; as, cease from anger. Psalm 37.

To cease from labor, is to rest; to cease from strife, is to be quiet; but in such phrases, the sense of cease is not varied.

Cease

CEASE, verb transitive To put a stop to; to put an end to.

Cease this impious rage.

Milton.

[But in this use the phrase is generally elliptical.]

Cease

CEASE, noun Extinction. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ceaseless

CE'ASELESS, adjective Without a stop or pause; incessant; continual; without intermission.

All these with ceaseless praise his works behold.

Milton.

2. Endless; enduring for ever; as the ceaseless joys of heaven.

Ceaselessly

CE'ASELESSLY, adverb Incessantly; perpetually.

Donne.

Ceasing

CE'ASING, participle of the present tense Stopping; ending; desisting; failing.

Cecch N

CECCH N, noun A coin of Italy and Barbary. [See Zechin.]

Cecity

CE'CITY, noun [Latin coecitas, from coecus, blind.] Blindness.

Brown.

Cedar

CE'DAR, noun [Latin cedrus; French cedre; Spanish Italian cedro; from Greek; Syriac;; Hebrew kadar, to be dark.]

A tree. This name is given to different species of the juniper, and to a species of Pinus. The latter is that which is mentioned in scripture. It is an evergreen, grows to a great size, and is remarkable for its durability.

Cedar-Like

CE'DAR-LIKE, adjective Resembling a cedar.

B. Jonson.

Cedarn

CE'DARN, adjective Pertaining to the cedar.

Milton.

Cede

CEDE, verb transitive [French ceder; Spanish Portugese ceder; Italian cedere; Latin cedo; Welsh gadu, gadaw; to quit. See Quit and Conge. This coincides also with the Greek,.]

1. To yield; to surrender; to give up; to resign; as, to cede a fortress, a province or country, by treaty. This word is appropriately used to denote the relinquishment of a conquered city, fortress, or territory, to the former sovereign or proprietor.

2. To relinquish and grant; as, to cede all claims to a disputed right or territory.

The people must cede to the government some of their natural rights.

Jay.

Ceded

CE'DED, participle passive Yielded; surrendered; given up.

Ceding

CE'DING, participle of the present tense Yielding; giving up.

Cedrat

CE'DRAT, noun A species of citron-tree.

Pallas. Tooke.

Cedrine

CE'DRINE, adjective Belonging to cedar.

Cedry

CE'DRY, adjective Having the color or properties of cedar.

Evelyn.

Ceduous

CED'UOUS, adjective Fit to be felled.

Evelyn.

Ceil

CEIL, verb transitive [Spanish cielo, heaven, a roof or ceiling; Italian cielo; French ciel, heaven, a canopy, a tester; Latin coelum. Qu. Greek. This word indicates its original application to vaulted buildings, without divisions into stories; such as many of the public edifices in Europe, but which are rarely seen in America.]

To overlay or cover the inner roof of a building; or to cover the top or roof of a room.

And the greater house he ceiled with fir-tree. 2 Chronicles 3.

Ceiled

CE'ILED, participle passive Overlaid with timber, or with plastering.

Ceiling

CE'ILING, participle of the present tense Covering the top of a room or building.

Ceiling

CE'ILING, noun The covering which overlays the inner roof of a building, or the timbers which form the top of a room. This covering may be of boards, or of lath and plastering. Hence ceiling is used for the upper part of a room.

2. In ship building, the inside planks of a ship.

Celandine

CEL'ANDINE, noun [Dutch celedonie; Italian celidonia; Latin chelidonia; Greek, from, a swallow.]

A plant, swallow-wort, horned or prickly poppy, growing on old walls, among rubbish, and in waste places. The lesser celandine is called pile-wort, a species of Ranunculus. The name is also given to the Bocconia, a plant of the West Indies, called the greater tree-celandine. The true orthography would be Chelidine.

Coxe. Fam. of Plants.

Celature

CE'LATURE, noun [Latin coelatura, from coelo, to engrave or emboss.]

1. The act or art of engraving or embossing.

2. That which is engraved.

Hakewill.

Celebrate

CEL'EBRATE, verb transitive [Irish ceileabradh; French celebrer; Spanish Portugese celebrar; Italian celebrare; Latin celebro, from celeber, famous. The Russian has slavlyu. Qu. the root of call.]

1. To praise; to extol; to commend; to give praise to; to make famous; as, to celebrate the name of the Most High.

The grave cannot celebrate thee. Isaiah 38.

2. To distinguish by solemn rites; to keep holy.

From even to even shall ye celebrate your sabbath. Leviticus 23.

3. To honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of joy and respect; as, to celebrate the birth day of Washington; to celebrate a marriage.

4. To mention in a solemn manner, whether of joy or sorrow.

Johnson.

Celebrated

CEL'EBRATED, participle passive Praised; extolled; honored.

Celebrating

CEL'EBRATING, participle of the present tense Praising; honoring.

Celebration

CELEBRA'TION, noun Solemn performance; a distinguishing by solemn rites; as the celebration of a marriage, or of a religious festival.

2. A distinguishing by ceremonies, or by marks of joy or respect; as the celebration of a birth day, or other anniversary.

3. Praise; renown; honor or distinction bestowed, whether by songs, eulogies, or rites and ceremonies.

Clarendon.

Celebrator

CEL'EBRATOR, noun One who celebrates.

Boyle.

Celebrious

CELE'BRIOUS, adjective Famous; renowned. [Little used.]

Grew.

Celebriously

CELE'BRIOUSLY, adverb With praise or renown. [Little used.]

Celebriousness

CELE'BRIOUSNESS, noun Fame; renown. [Little used.]

Celebrity

CELEB'RITY, noun [Latin celebritas.] Fame; renown; the distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or person, on character or exploits; the distinction bestowed on whatever is great or remarkable, and manifested by praises or eulogies; as the celebrity of the duke of Wellington; the celebrity of Homer, or of the Iliad.

England acquired celebrity from the triumphs of Marlborough.

T. Dawes.

2. Public and splendid transaction; as the celebrity of a marriage. In this sense, as used by Bacon, we now use celebration.

Celeri

CEL'ERI. [See Celery.]

Celeriac

CELE'RIAC, noun A variety of celery, called also the turnep-rooted celery. [See Celery.]

Celerity

CELER'ITY, noun [Latin celeritas; French celeritÃƒ-©; Spanish celeridad; Italian celeritÃƒ- ; from Latin celer, swift; Oriental swift, light; Greek.]

1. Rapidity in motion; swiftness; speed; applied most generally to bodies moving on or near the earth; as the celerity of a horse or of a fowl. We speak of the velocity of sound or of a light, or of a planet in its orbit. This distinction however is not general, nor can the different uses of the two words be precisely defined. We apply celerity rather than velocity to thought; but there seems to be no reason, except usage, why the two words should not be synonymous.

2. An affection of motion by which a movable body runs through a given space in a given time.

Encyc.

Celery

CEL'ERY, noun [French celeri; Dutch seldery; German selleri; Greek.]

A plant, a species of Apium, cultivated for the table.

Celestial

CELES'TIAL, adjective [Latin coelestis, from coelum, coelum, heaven.]

1. Heavenly; belonging or relating to heaven; dwelling in heaven; as celestial spirits; celestial joys. Hence the word conveys the idea of superior excellence, delight, purity, &c.

Dryden.

2. Belonging to the upper regions, or visible heaven; as celestial signs; the celestial globe.

3. Descending from heaven; as a suit of celestial armor.

Pope.

Celestial

CELES'TIAL, noun An inhabitant of heaven.

Pope.

Celestially

CELES'TIALLY, adverb In a heavenly or transporting manner.

Celestify

CELES'TIFY, verb transitive To communicate something of a heavenly nature to any thing. [Not used.]

Brown.

Celestin

CEL'ESTIN, or CEL'ESTINE, noun In mineralogy, native sulphate of strontian, a mineral so named from its occasional delicate blue color.

Ure.

Celestins

CEL'ESTINS, noun A religious order, so named from Pope Celestin. They have ninety-six convents in Italy, and twenty-one in France. They rise two hours after midnight to say matins. They eat no flesh, except when sick, and fast often. Their habit is a white gown, a capuche and a black scapulary.

Encyc.

Celiac

CE'LIAC, adjective [Latin coeliacus; Greek, from, the belly.]

Pertaining to the lower belly, or intestines.

Arbuthnot.

Celibacy

CELIB'ACY, noun [Latin coelebs, an unmarried person; coelibatus, a single life.]

An unmarried state; a single life. It is most frequently if not always applied to males, or to a voluntary single life.

They look on celibacy as an accursed state.

Spectator.

Celibate

CEL'IBATE, noun A single life; celibacy; chiefly used when speaking of the single life of the Popish clergy.

Encyc.

Cell

CELL, noun [Latin cella; Irish ceall; Spanish celda; Portugese Italian cella; Dutch kelder, a cellar; German keller; Swedish kellare; Danish kelder; Welsh cell. It has the elements of the Latin celo, to conceal, and of the English hold.]

1. A small or close apartment, as in a prison, or a bath.

2. A cottage; a cave; a small or mean place of residence.

Prior.

3. A small cavity or hollow place, variously applied; as the cells of the brain; the cells of a honey comb, &c.

4. In botany, a hollow place in a pericarp, particularly in a capsule, in which seeds are lodged. According to the number of these cells, pericarps are called unilocular, bilocular, trilocular, &c.

Martyn.

5. In anatomy, a little bag, or bladder, containing fluid or other matter; as the adipose cells, containing fat.

Encyc.

6. A religious house.

Chaucer.

Cellar

CEL'LAR, noun [Latin cellarium. See Cell.]

A room under a house or other building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, and other stores for a family.

Cellarage

CEL'LARAGE, noun The room for a cellar; a cellar, or cellars.

Cellaret

CEL'LARET, noun A case of cabinet work, for holding bottles of liquors. [Local.]

Cellarist

CEL'LARIST, CEL'LARER, noun An officer in a monastery who has the care of the cellar, or the charge of procuring and keeping the provisions; also, an officer in chapters, who has the care of the temporals, and particularly of distributing bread, wine, and money to canons, an account of their attendance in the choir.

Encyc.

Celliferous

CELLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin cella, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing cells.

Encyc.

Cellular

CEL'LULAR, adjective [Latin cellula, a little cell.] Consisting of cells, or containing cells.

Kirwan.

The cellular membrane, in animal bodies, is composed of an infinite number of minute cells, communicating with each other. It invests every fiber, and seems to be the medium of connection between all parts of the body. The cells serve as reservoirs for fat.

Encyc.

Celluliferous

CELLULIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin cellula, a little cell, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing little cells.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Celsitude

CELS'ITUDE, noun [Latin celsitudo.] Highth; elevation.

Chaucer.

Celt

CELT, noun One of the primitive inhabitants of the South of Europe. [See Celtic.]

Celtiberian

CELTIBE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Celtiberia, and its inhabitants, the Celtiberi, or Celts of the Iberus, a river in Spain.

Celtiberian

CELTIBE'RIAN, noun An inhabitant of Celtiberia.

Celtic

CELT'IC, adjective [Welsh celt, a covert or shelter; celtiad, one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the forest, a Celt; celu, to conceal, Latin celo; Greek, Celts.]

Pertaining to the primitive inhabitants of the South and West of Europe, or to the early inhabitants of Italy, Gaul, Spain and Britain. We say, Celtic nations; Celtic customs; Celtic origin.

Celtic

CELT'IC, noun The language of the Celts.

Celticism

CELT'ICISM, noun The manners and customs of the Celts.

Warton.

Celtis

CELT'IS, noun The nettle-tree, of several species; among which are the australis or southern, a native of Africa and the South of Europe; the oriental, growing in Armenia and Taurica; and the western, growing in Virginia.

Encyc. Tooke.

Cement

CEM'ENT, noun [Latin coementum; French ciment;

Armoric cimant; Spanish cimiento, the ground work of a building; Italian cimento, an essay or experiment.]

1. Any glutinous or other substance capable of uniting bodies in close cohesion, as mortar, glue, seder, &c. In building, cement denotes a stronger kind of mortar than that which is ordinarily used.

Encyc.

2. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in friendship, or men in society.

3. Powders or pastes, surrounding bodies in pots and crucibles, for chimical purposes.

Cement

CEMENT', verb transitive To unite by the application of glutinous substances, by mortar which hardens, or other matter that produces cohesion of bodies.

2. To unite firmly or closely; as, to cement all parts of the community; to cement friendship.

Cement

CEMENT', verb intransitive To unite or become solid; to unite and cohere.

Sharp.

Cementation

CEMENTA'TION, noun The act of cementing; the act of uniting by a suitable substance.

2. In chimistry, the act of applying cements to substances, or the corroding and changing of them by cement. This is done by surrounding them with the powder of another body, and exposing them, in a close vessel, to a heat not sufficient to fuse them.

Encyc. Ure.

Cementatory

CEMENT'ATORY, adjective Comenting; having the quality of uniting firmly.

Encyc.

Cemented

CEMENT'ED, participle passive United by cement; changed by cement; firmly united; consolidated

Cementer

CEMENT'ER, noun The person or thing that cements.

Cementing

CEMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting by cement; changing by means of a cement; uniting closely; consolidating.

Cementitious

CEMENTI'TIOUS, adjective Uniting as cement; conglutinating; tending to unite or consolidate.

Cemetery

CEM'ETERY, noun [Latin coemeterium; Greek, from, to sleep.]

A place where the dead bodies of human beings are buried.

Addison.

Cenatory

CEN'ATORY, adjective [Latin coenatorius, from coena, supper, coena, to sup.]

Pertaining or relating to supper.

Brown.

Cenobite

CE'NOBITE, noun [Greek, a community, from, common, and, life, to live.]

One of a religious order, who live in a convent, or in community; in opposition to an anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude.

Encyc.

Cenobitic

CENOBIT'IC, or CENOBIT'ICAL, adjective Living in community, as men belonging to a convent.

Stillingfleet.

Cenoby

CE'NOBY, noun A place where persons live in community.

Buck.

Cenotaph

CEN'OTAPH, noun [Greek, from, empty, and, a tomb.]

An empty tomb erected in honor of some deceased person; a monument erected to one who is buried elsewhere.

Johnson. Encyc.

Cense

CENSE, n. cens. [Latin census, a valuation, a registering, a tax; censeo, to enroll, to tax. Qu. Chaldee to impose a fine.]

1. A public rate or tax.

Bacon.

2. Condition; rank. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Cense

CENSE, verb transitive [French encenser. See Incense.]

To perfume with odors from burning substances.

Dryden.

Censer

CENS'ER, noun [French encensoir; Spanish incensario; Italian incensiere. See Incense.]

A vase or pan in which incense is burned. Among the Jews, a kind of chafing-dish, covered by a dome, and suspended by a chain, used to offer perfumes in sacrifices.

Encyc.

Censing

CENS'ING, participle of the present tense Perfuming with odors.

Cension

CEN'SION, noun [Latin censio. See Cense.] A rate, tax, or assessment. [Not used.]

J. Hall.

Censor

CENS'OR, noun [Latin censor, See Cense.]

An officer, in ancient Rome, whose business was to register the effects of the citizens, to impose taxes according to the property which each man possessed, and to inspect the manners of the citizens, with power to censure vice and immorality, by inflicting a public mark of ignominy on the offender.

2. One who is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, before they are committed to the press, and to see that they contain nothing heretical or immoral.

Encyc.

3. One who is given to censure.

Roscommon. Dryden.

Censorial

CENSO'RIAL, or CENSO'RIAN, adjective Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public morals; as, censorial power.

2. Full of censure. See Censorious, the proper word.

Censorious

CENSO'RIOUS, adjective Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on their writings or manners; often implying ill-nature. illiberality, or uncharitableness; as a censorious critic.

2. Implying or expressing censure; as, censorious remarks.

Censoriously

CENSO'RIOUSLY, adverb In a censorious manner.

Censoriousness

CENSO'RIOUSNESS, noun Disposition to blame and condemn; the habit of censuring or reproaching.

Taylor.

2. The quality of being censorious.

Censorship

CENS'ORSHIP, noun The office or dignity of a censor; the time during which a censor holds his office.

Censual

CENS'UAL, adjective [Latin censualis.] Relating to, or containing a census; liable to be rated.

Whitaker. Encyc.

Censurable

CENS'URABLE, adjective [See Censure.] Worthy of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; faulty; as a censurable person, or censurable conduct or writings.

Locke.

Censurableness

CENS'URABLENESS, noun Blamableness; fitness to be censured.

Whitlock.

Censurably

CENS'URABLY, adverb In a manner worthy of blame.

Censure

CENS'URE, n. cen'shur. [Latin censura; French censure; Spanish Portugese Italian censura; from Latin censeo, censor.]

1. The act of blaming or finding fault and condemning as wrong; applicable to the moral conduct, or to the works of men. When applied to persons, it is nearly equivalent to blame, reproof, reprehension, reprimand. It is an expression of disapprobation, which often implies reproof.

2. Judicial sentence; judgment that condemns. An ecclesiastical censure is a sentence of condemnation, or penalty inflicted on a member of a church for mal-conduct, by which he is deprived of the communion of the church, or prohibited from executing the sacerdotal office.

Encyc.

Censure

CENS'URE, v. t. cen'shur. [French censurer; Spanish censurar.] To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to express disapprobation of; as, to censure a man, or his manners, or his writings.

We laugh at vanity, oftener than we censure pride.

Buckminster.

2. To condemn by a judicial sentence, as in ecclesiastical affairs.

3. To estimate. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Censure

CENS'URE, verb intransitive To judge. [Not in use.]

Censured

CENS'URED, participle passive Blamed; reproved; condemned.

Censuring

CENS'URING, participle of the present tense Blaming; finding fault with; condemning.

Census

CENS'US, noun [Latin from censeo. See Cense.]

In ancient Rome, an authentic declaration made before the censors, by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. This declaration was registered, and contained an enumeration of all their lands and estates, their quantity and quality, with the wives, children, domestics, tenants, and slaves of each citizen. Hence the word signifies this enumeration or register, a man's whole substance, and the tax imposed according to each man's property.

2. In the United States of America, an enumeration of the inhabitants of all the States, taken by order of the Congress, to furnish the rule of apportioning the representation among the States, and the number of represensatives to which each State is entitled in the Congress; also, an enumeration of the inhabitants of a State, taken by order of its legislature.

Cent

CENT, noun [French cent; Spanish ciento; Portugese cento; Italian cento; from Latin centum, formed on the Celtic, Welsh cant, Armoric cant, Cornish kanz. The Welch cant signifies a circle, hoop, wheel, or rim, a wattled fence round a yard or corn floor; hence, a complete circle, a hundred. It is probable that the Teutonic and Gothic hund, in hundred, is the same word. Arabic handon, a hundred, and the same root gives India, Hindu. See Hundred.]

1. A hundred. In commerce, per cent. denotes a certain rate by the hundred; as, ten per cent. is ten in the hundred, whether profit or loss. This rate is called percentage.

2. In the United States of America, a copper coin whose value is the hundredth part of a dollar.

Centage

CENT'AGE, noun Rate by the cent or hundred.

Centaur

CEN'TAUR, noun [Latin centaurus; Greek. Qu., to spur, and, a bull.]

In mythology, a fabulous being, supposed to be half man and half horse. It has been supposed that this fancied monster originated among the Lapithae, a tribe in Thessaly, who first invented the art of breaking horses. But the origin of the fable and of the name is doubtful.

2. Part of a southern constellation, in form of a centaur, usually joined with the wolf, containing thirty-five stars; the archer.

Encyc.

Centaurlike

CEN'TAURLIKE, adjective Having the appearance of a centaur.

Sidney.

Centaury

CEN'TAURY, noun [Latin centaurea; Greek.]

The name of a plant, and a genus of plants, of numerous species. The lesser centaury is a species of Gentiana. Centaury bears the popular names of knapweed, blue-bottle, sultan, and star-thistle.

Encyc.

Centenary

CENT'ENARY, noun [Latin centenarius, from centum, a hundred.]

The number of a hundred; as a centenary of years.

Centenary

CENT'ENARY, adjective Relating to a hundred; consisting of a hundred.

Centennial

CENTEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin centum, a hundred, and annus, a year.]

1. Consisting of a hundred years, or completing that term.

Mason.

2. Pertaining to a hundred years.

3. Happening every hundred years.

Center

CEN'TER, noun [Greek, a point, goad or spur, from, to prick; Latin centrum; French centre; Spanish centro; Portugese Italian id.]

1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure or body; the middle point or place.

2. The middle or central object. In an army, the body of troops occupying the place in the line between the wings. In a fleet, the division between the van and rear of the line of battle, and between the weather division and lee, in the order of sailing.

Mar. Dict.

3. A single body or house.

These institutions collected all authority into one center, kings, nobles and people.

J. Adams.

Center of gravity, in mechanics, the point about which all the parts of a body exactly balance each other.

Center of motion, the point which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move round it.

Encyc.

Center

CEN'TER, verb transitive To place on a center; to fix on a central point.

Milton.

2. To collect to a point.

Thy joys are centered all in me alone.

Prior.

Center

CEN'TER, verb intransitive To be collected to a point.

Our hopes must center on ourselves alone.

Dryden.

2. To be collected to a point; to rest on.

3. To be placed in the middle.

Milton.

Centered

CEN'TERED, participle passive Collected to a point or center; fixed on a central point.

Centering

CEN'TERING, participle of the present tense Placing on the center; collecting to a point.

Centesimal

CENTES'IMAL, adjective [Latin centesimus, from centum, a hundred.]

The hundredth. As a noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the arithmetic of fractions.

Johnson.

Centesimation

CENTESIMA'TION, noun [Latin centesimus, supra.]

A military punishment, for desertion, mutiny or the like, where one person in a hundred is selected for execution.

Encyc.

Centesm

CEN'TESM, noun [Latin centesimus.] The hundredth part of an integer or thing. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Centifolious

CENTIFO'LIOUS, adjective [Latin centum, a hundred, and folium, a leaf.] Having a hundred leaves.

Bailey. Johnson.

Centigrade

CEN'TIGRADE, adjective [Latin centum, a hundred, and gradus, a degree.]

Consisting of a hundred degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts; as a centrigrade thermometer.

Medical Repository.

Centigram

CEN'TIGRAM, noun [Latin centum and gram.] In French Measure, the hundredth part of a gram. [See Gram.]

Centiliter

CEN'TILITER, noun [Latin centum, and French litre or litron.] The hundredth part of a liter, a little more than 6-10 of a cubic inch.

Centimeter

CENTIM'ETER, noun [Latin centum, a hundred, and Greek, measure.]

In French measure, the hundreth part of a meter, rather more than 39-100 of an inch, English measure.

Christ. Obs. x. 192.

Centinody

CEN'TINODY, noun Knotgrass. [Not used.]

Centiped

CEN'TIPED, noun [Latin centipeda; centum, a hundred, and pes, a foot.]

An insect having a hundred feet, but the term is applied to insects that have many feet, though not a hundred. Insects of this kind are called generically Scolopendra. In warm climates, some of them grow to the length of six inches or more, and their bite is poisonous.

Encyc.

Centipee

CENTIPEE, for centiped, is not used.

Centner

CENT'NER, noun [Latin centum, centenarius.]

In metallurgy and assaying, a docimastic hundred; a weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into smaller parts. The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a centner: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters, and each of these into two drams. But the assayers use different weights. With them a centner is one dram, to which the other parts are proportioned.

Encyc.

Cento

CEN'TO, noun [Latin cento, patched cloth, a rhapsody.]

A composition formed by verses or passages from other authors, disposed in a new order.

Johnson. Encyc.

Central

CEN'TRAL, adjective [Latin centralis.] Relating to the center; placed in the center or middle; containing the center, or pertaining to the parts near the center.

Central forces, in mechanics, the powers which cause a moving body to tend towards or recede from the center of motion.

Centrality

CENTRAL'ITY, noun The state of being central.

Centrally

CEN'TRALLY, adverb With regard to the center; in a central manner.

Centric

CEN'TRIC, adjective Placed in the center or middle.

Centrically

CEN'TRICALLY, adverb In a central position.

Centricalness

CEN'TRICALNESS, noun Situation in the center.

Centrifugal

CENTRIF'UGAL, adjective [Latin centrum, and fugio, to flee.]

Tending to recede from the center. The centrifugal force of a body, is that force by which all bodies moving round another body in a curve, tend to fly off from the axis of their motion, in a tangent to the periphery of the curve.

Encyc.

Centripetal

CENTRIP'ETAL, adjective [Latin centrum, and peto, to move towards.]

Tending towards the center. Centripetal force is that force which draws or impels a body towards some point as a center; as in case of a planet revolving round the sun, the center of the system.

[Note. The common accentuation of centrifugal and centripetal is artificial and harsh. The accent on the first and third syllables, as in circumpolar, would be natural and easy.]

Centumvir

CEN'TUMVIR, noun [Latin centum, a hundred, and vir, a man.]

One of a hundred and five judges, in ancient Rome, appointed to decide common causes among the people.

Centumviral

CENTUM'VIRAL, adjective Pertaining to the centumvirs.

Centuple

CEN'TUPLE, adjective [French from Latin centuplex, centum, and plico, to fold.]

A hundred fold.

Centuple

CEN'TUPLE, verb transitive To multiply a hundred fold.

Beaum.

Centuplicate

CENTU'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin centum, and plicatus, folded; Spanish centuplicar, to make a hundred fold.]

To make a hundred fold.

Centurial

CENTU'RIAL, adjective [from century.] Relating to a century, or a hundred years; as a centurial sermon.

When the third centurial jubilee of New-England shall come, who of us will then be living to participate the general joy?

J. Woodbridge.

Centuriate

CENTU'RIATE, verb transitive [Latin centurio, to divide into hundreds or companies.]

To divide into hundreds.

Johnson. Bailey.

Centuriators

CENTURIA'TORS, or CEN'TURIST, noun [French centuriateur, from Latin centuria, a century, or from centurio, to divide into hundreds.]

A historian who distinguishes time into centuries; as in the Universal Church History of Magdeburg.

Ayliffe.

Centurion

CENTU'RION, noun [Latin centurio, from centum, a hundred.]

Among the Romans, a military officer who commanded a hundred men, a century or company of infantry, answering to the captain in modern armies.

Century

CEN'TURY, noun [Latin centuria, from centum, a hundred.]

1. In a general sense, a hundred; any thing consisting of a hundred parts.

2. A division of the Roman people for the purpose of electing magistrates and enacting laws, the people voting by centuries; also, a company consisting of a hundred men.

3. A period of a hundred years. This is the most common signification of the word; and as we begin our modern computation of time from the incarnation of Christ, the word is generally applied to some term of a hundred years subsequent to that event; as the first or second century, or the tenth century. If we intend to apply the word to a different era, we use an explanatory adjunct; as the third century before the Christian era, or after the reign of Cyrus.

4. The Centuries of Magdeburg, a title given to an ecclesiastical history, arranged in 13 centuries, complied by a great number of Protestants at Magdeburg.

Centzontli

CENTZONT'LI, noun The Mexican name of the Turdus Polyglottus, or mocking thrush.

Clavigero.

Ceol

CEOL, Saxon a ship, Latin celox, or keel. This word is sometimes found prefixed to names.

Cephalalgic

CEPHALAL'GIC, noun [Infra.] A medicine good for the headache.

Swift.

Cephalalgy

CEPH'ALALGY, noun [Greek, the head, and, pain.] The headache.

Cephalic

CEPHAL'IC, adjective [Greek, from, the head.]

Pertaining to the head; as cephalic medicines, remedies for disorders in the head. The cephalic vein, which runs along the arm, was so named because the ancients used to open it for disorders of the head.

Encyc.

Cephalic

CEPHAL'IC, noun A medicine for headache or other disorder in the head.

Cepheus

CEPH'EUS, noun A constellation in the Northern hemisphere.

Cephus

CE'PHUS, noun A fowl of the duck kind; also, a species of monkey, the mona.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cerasee

CERASEE', noun The male balsam apple.

Cerasin

CER'ASIN, noun [Latin cerasus.]

Any gummy substance which swells in cold water, but does not readily dissolve in it.

Ure. Dr. John.

Cerasite

CER'ASITE, noun [Latin cerasum, cherry.] A petrifaction resembling a cherry.

Cyc.

Cerastes

CERAS'TES, noun [Greek, from, a horn.]

In zoology, the name of a serpent, of the genus Coluber, which the ancients supposed to have horns.

Cerate

CE'RATE, noun [Latin ceratum, from cera, wax.]

A thick kind of ointment, composed of wax and oil, with other ingredients; applied externally in various diseases.

Cyc.

Cerated

CE'RATED, adjective [Latin ceratus.] Covered with wax.

Cere

CERE, noun The naked skin that covers the base of a hawk's bill.

Encyc.

Cere

CERE, verb transitive [Latin cera, wax.] To wax or cover with wax.

Wiseman.

Cerebel

CER'EBEL, or CEREBEL'LUM, noun [Latin cerebellum.] The hinder part of the head, or the little brain.

Coxe.

Cerebral

CER'EBRAL, or CER'EBRINE, adjective [from Latin cerebrum, the brain.]

Pertaining to the cerebrum or brain.

Cerecloth

CE'RECLOTH, noun [Latin cera, wax, and cloth.]

A cloth smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous matter.

Bacon.

[But the English word for a cloth used to cover wounds is sear-cloth, Saxon sar-cloth, a sore-cloth.]

Cerement

CE'REMENT, noun [Latin cera, wax.] Cloths dipped in melted wax, with which dead bodies were infolded, when embalmed.

Johnson.

Ceremonial

CEREMO'NIAL, adjective [See Ceremony.]

1. Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established rites; as ceremonial exactness. It is particularly applied to the forms and rites of the Jewish religion; as the ceremonial law or worship, as distinguished from the moral and judicial law.

2. Formal; observant of old forms; exact; precise in manners.

Dryden.

[In this sense, ceremonious is now used.]

Ceremonial

CEREMO'NIAL, noun Outward form; external rite, or established forms or rites, including all the forms prescribed; a system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law or established by custom, whether in religious worship, in social intercourse, or in the courts of princes.

2. The order for rites and forms in the Romish church, or the book containing the rules prescribed to be observed on solemn occasions.

Ceremonious

CEREMO'NIOUS, adjective Consisting of outward forms and rites; as the ceremonious part of worship. [In this sense, ceremonial is now used.]

2. Full of ceremony or solemn forms.

Shak.

3. According to the rules and forms prescribed or customary; civil; formally respectful. "Ceremonius phrases."

Addison.

4. Formal; according to the rules of civility; as, to take a ceremonious leave.

5. Formal; exact; precise; too observant of forms.

Ceremoniously

CEREMO'NIOUSLY, adverb In a ceremonious manner; formally; with due forms.

Ceremoniousness

CEREMO'NIOUSNESS, noun The use of customary forms; the practice of too much ceremony; great formality in manners.

Ceremony

CER'EMONY, noun [Latin Spanish Italian Portugese ceremonia; French ceremonie.]

1. Outward rite; external form in religion.

2. Forms of civility; rules established by custom for regulating social intercourse.

3. Outward forms of state; the forms prescribed or established by order or custom, serving for the purpose of civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the reception of embassadors, &c.

Master of ceremonies, an officer who superintends the reception of embassadors. A person who regulates the forms to be observed by the company or attendants on a public occasion.

Cereolite

CER'EOLITE, noun [Latin cera, wax, and Greek, a stone.]

A substance which in appearance and softness resembles wax; sometimes confounded with steatite.

Cyc. Cleaveland.

Cereous

CE'REOUS, adjective [Latin cereus, from cera, wax.] Waxen; like wax.

Gayton.

Ceres

CE'RES, noun In mythology, the invÃƒ-¨ntor or goddess of corn, or rather the name of corn deified.

2. The name of a planet discovered by M. Piozzi, at Palermo in Sicily, in 1801.

Cerin

CE'RIN, noun [Latin cera, wax.] A peculiar substance which precipitates on evaporation, from alcohol, which has been digested on grated cork.

Ure.

2. The part of common wax which dissolves in alcohol.

Dr. John.

3. A variety of the mineral allanite.

Cerinthians

CERINTH'IANS, noun A set of heretics, so called from Cerinthus, one of the first heresiarchs in the church. They denied the divinity of Christ, but they held that, in his baptism, a celestial virtue descended on him in the form of a dove, by means of which he was consecrated by the Holy Spirit and made Christ.

Encyc.

Cerite

CE'RITE, noun [See Cerium.] The siliceous oxyd of Cerium, a rare mineral of a pale rose red color, with a tinge of yellow.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Jameson. Cleaveland.

2. A fossil shell.

Cerium

CE'RIUM, noun A metal recently discovered in Sweden, in the mineral cerite, and so called from the planet Ceres. It is of great specific gravity. Its color a grayish white and its texture lamellar.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Ceroon

CEROON', noun [from the Spanish.] A bale or package made of skins.

Cerrial

CER'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to the Cerrus, or bitter oak.

Chaucer.

Cerrus

CER'RUS, noun [Latin] The bitter oak.

Certain

CER'TAIN, a. cer'tin. [French certain; Spanish cierto; Italian Portugese certo; from Latin certus.]

1. Sure; true; undoubted; unquestionable; that cannot be denied; existing in fact and truth.

The dream is certain and the interpretation sure. Danish ii.

2. Assured in mind; having no doubts; followed by of, before a noun.

However I with thee have fixed my lot, Certain to undergo like doom of death, Consort with thee.

Milton.

To make her certain of the sad event.

Dryden.

3. Unfailing; always producing the intended effect; as, we may have a certain remedy for a disease.

4. Not doubtful or casual; really existing.

Virtue that directs our ways Through certain dangers to uncertain praise.

Dryden.

5. Stated; fixed; determinate; regular.

Ye shall gather a certain rate every day. Exodus 16.

6. Particular.

There came a certain poor widow. Mark 12.

In the plural number, a particular part or number; some; an indefinite part, number, or quantity. "Hanani came, he and certain men of Judah." "I mourned certain days." Nehemiah 1:2. 6.

In the latter sense, it is used as a noun; as, "certain also of your own poets have said." Acts 17.

Certainly

CER'TAINLY, adverb Without doubt or question; in truth and fact.

Certainly this was a righteous man. Luke 23.

2. Without failure.

He said, I will certainly return to thee. Genesis 18.

Certainness

CER'TAINNESS, noun Certainty, which see.

Certainty

CER'TAINTY, noun A fixed or real state; truth; fact.

Know for a certainty, that the Lord your God will no more drive out these nations. Joshua 23. Luke 1.

2. Full assurance of mind; exemption from doubt.

Certainty is the perception of the agreement or disagreement of our ideas.

Locke.

3. Exemption from failure; as the certainty of an event, or of the success of a medicine.

The certainty of punishment is the truest security against crimes.

Ames.

4. Regularity; settled state.

Certes

CER'TES, adverb Certainly; in truth; verily. Obs.

Chaucer.

Certificate

CERTIF'ICATE, noun [French certificat; Italian certificato. See Certify.]

1. In a general sense, a written testimony not sworn to; a declaration in writing, signed by the party, and intended to verify a fact.

2. In a more particular sense, the written declaration, under the hand or seal or both, of some public officer, to be used as evidence in a court, or to substantiate a fact. A certificate of this kind may be considered as given under the oath of office.

3. Trial by certificate, is where the evidence of the person certifying is the only proper criterion of the point in dispute; as when the issue is whether a person was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the Mareschall of the army, in writing under his seal.

Blackstone.

Certificate

CERTIF'ICATE, verb transitive or i. To give a certificate; to lodge a certificate with the proper officer, for the purpose of being exempted from the payment of taxes to support the ministry, in a parish or ecclesiastical society.

New England.

2. To give a certificate to, acknowledging one to be a parishioner.

But such certificated person can gain no settlement.

Blackstone. B. 1. Chaldee 9.

Certification

CERTIFICA'TION, noun The act of certifying.

Certified

CER'TIFIED, participle passive [See Certify.] Assured; made certain; informed.

Certifier

CER'TIFIER, noun One who certifies, or assures.

Certify

CER'TIFY, verb transitive [French certifier; Spanish certificar; Italian certificare; Low Latin certifico; from certus, certain, and facio, to make.]

1. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration in writing, under hand, or hand and seal, to make known or establish a fact.

The judges shall certify their opinion to the chancellor, and upon such certificate, the decree is usually founded.

The judge shall certify under his hand, that the freehold came chiefly in question.

Blackstone.

2. To give certain information to; applied to persons.

We have sent and certified the king. Ez. 4.

3. To give certain information of; aplied to things.

This is designed to certify those things that are confirmed of God's favor.

Hammond.

It is followed by of, after the person, and before the thing told; as, I certified you of the fact.

Certifying

CER'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Giving a written testimony, or certificate; giving certain notice; making certainly known.

Certiorari

CERTIORA'RI, noun [Low Latin certioror, from certus, certior.]

A writ issuing out of Chancery, King's Bench or other superior court, to call up the records of an inferior court, or remove a cause there depending, that it may be tried in the superior court. This writ is obtained upon complaint of a party, that he has not received justice, or that he cannot have an impartial trial, in the inferior court.

Encyc.

Certitude

CER'TITUDE, noun [Low Latin certitudo, from certus, certain.] Certainty; assurance; freedom from doubt.

Dryden.

Cerulean

CERU'LEAN, or CERU'LEOUS, adjective [Latin coeruleus; Italian Spanish ceruleo.] Sky-colored; blue.

Thomson.

Cerulific

CERULIF'IC, adjective Producing a blue or sky-color.

Cerumen

CERU'MEN, noun [Latin cera, wax.] The wax or yellow matter secreted by the ear.

Ceruse

CER'USE, noun [French ceruse; Latin Italian cerussa; Spanish cerusa.]

White-lead; a carbonate of lead, produced by exposing the metal in thin plates to the vapor of vinegar. Lead is sometimes found native in the form of ceruse.

Ceruse of antimony is a white oxyd of antimony, which separates from the water in which diaphoretic antimony has been washed.

Nicholson.

Cerused

CER'USED, adjective Washed with a preparation of white lead.

Beaum.

Cervical

CER'VICAL, adjective [Latin cervix, the neck, whence cervicalis.]

Belonging to the neck; as the cervical nerves; cervical vessels.

Encyc.

Cervin

CERV'IN, or CERV'INE, adjective [Latin cervinus; Spanish cervino; from Latin cervus, a deer; Welsh carw; Cornish and Armoric karu; Kamtchatka, karo.]

Pertaining to the deer, or to animals of the genus Cervus.

Cesarean

CESA'REAN, adjective The Cesarean operation is the taking of a child from the womb by cutting; an operation, which, it is said, gave name to Caesar, the Roman emperor.

Cespititious

CESPITI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin cespes, turf.] Pertaining to turf; made of turf.

Gough.

Cespitous

CES'PITOUS, adjective Pertaining to turf; turfy.

A cespitous or turfy plant, has many stems from the same root, usually forming a close thick carpet or matting.

Martyn.

Cess

CESS, as a noun, a rate or tax, and as a verb, to rate or lay a tax, is probably a corruption of assess, or from the same root. It is not used.

Spenser.

Cess

CESS, verb intransitive [Latin cesso, to cease.] To neglect a legal duty. Obs.

Cowel.

Cessation

CESSA'TION, noun [Latin cessatio, from cesso, to cease.]

1. A ceasing; a stop; a rest; the act of discontinuing motion or action of any kind, whether temporary or final.

2. A ceasing or suspension of operation, force or effect; as a cessation of the laws of nature.

A cessation of arms, an armistice or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.

Cessavit

CESSA'VIT, noun [Latin cesso, to cease, cessavit, he hath ceased.]

In law, a writ given by statute, to recover lands, when the tenant or occupier has ceased for two years to perform the service, which constitutes the condition of his tenure, and has not sufficient goods or chattels to be distrained, or the tenant has so inclosed the land that the lord cannot come upon it to distrain.

Blackstone.

Cesser

CES'SER, noun [See Cess.] A ceasing; a neglect to perform services or payment for two years. [See Cessavit.]

Blackstone.

Cessibility

CESSIBIL'ITY, noun [See Cede and Cession.] The act of giving way or receding. [Little used.]

Digby.

Cessible

CES'SIBLE, adjective [See Cede.] Giving way; yielding; easy to give way.

Digby.

Cession

CES'SION, noun [Latin cessio; French cession; from Latin cedo, cessum. See Cede.]

1. The act of giving way; a yielding to force or impulse.

Bacon.

2. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to another person; particularly, a surrender of conquered territory to its former proprietor or sovereign, by treaty.

3. In the civil law, a voluntary surrender of a person's effects to his creditors, to avoid imprisonment.

Encyc.

4. In ecclesiastical law, the leaving of a benefice without dispensation or being otherwise qualified. When an ecclesiastical person is created a bishop, or when the parson of a parish takes another benefice, without dispensation, the benefices are void by cession, without resignation.

Encyc.

Cessionary

CES'SIONARY, adjective Having surrendered effects; as a cessionary bankrupt.

Martin.

Cessment

CESS'MENT, noun An assessment or tax. [Not used.]

Cessor

CES'SOR, noun [Latin cesso, to cease.] In law, he that neglects, for two years, to perform the service by which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. [See Cessavit.]

Cowel.

2. An assessor, or taxer.

Cest

CEST, noun [Infra.] A lady's girdle.

Collins.

Cestus

CEST'US, noun [Latin from Greek.] The girdle of Venus, or marriage-girdle, among the Greeks and Romans.

Cesura

CESU'RA, or CE'SURE, noun [French cesure; Italian cesura; Latin coesura, from coedo, coesum, to cut off.]

A pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the recital, and render the versification more melodious. It divides a verse or line into equal or unequal parts. Its most pleasing effect is produced, when it is placed at the end of the second foot, or in the middle, or at the end of the third foot.

Sheridan.

Cesural

CE'SURAL, adjective Pertaining to the cesure.

Cetaceous

CETA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin cete; Greek, a whale.]

Pertaining to the whale; belonging to the whale kind. The cetaceous fishes include the genera monodon, baloena, physeter and delphinus. They have no gills, but an aperture on the top of the head, and a flat or horizontal tail.

Encyc.

Cetate

CE'TATE, noun A compound of cetic acid, with a base.

Chevreul.

Ceterach

CET'ERACH, noun A trivial name of a species of Asplenium, or spleen-wort.

Cetic

CE'TIC, adjective [Latin cetus, a whale.] Pertaining to the whale. The cetic acid is a peculiar substance obtained from the spermaceti.

Ure.

Cetin

CE'TIN, noun [Latin cetus, a whale.] A name given to spermaceti by Chevreul.

Cetological

CETOLOG'ICAL, adjective [from cetology.] Pertaining to cetology.

Cetologist

CETOL'OGIST, noun One who is versed in the natural history of the whale and its kindred animals.

Cetology

CETOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a whale, and, discourse.]

The doctrine or natural history of cetaceous animals.

Ed. Encyc.

Cetus

CE'TUS, noun [Supra.] In astronomy, the whale, a large constellation of the southern hemisphere, containing ninety-seven stars.

Encyc.

Ceylanite

CE'YLANITE, noun [from Ceylon.] A mineral, classed with the ruby family; called also pleonaste. Its color is a muddy, dark blue, and grayish black, approaching to iron black. It occurs in grains, or small crystals, either perfect octahedrons, or truncated on the edges, or with the angles acuminated by four planes. It occurs also in rhomboidal dodecahedrons.

Cyc. Ure.

Chabasie

CHAB'ASIE, or CHAB'ASITE, noun [Schabasit. Werner.] A mineral which has been regarded as a variety of zeolite. It is divisible into very obtuse rhomboids.

Dict. Natl. Hist.

This mineral occurs in crystals, whose primitive form is nearly a cube.

Ure.

Chabasie has a foliated structure; its fracture is somewhat conchoidal or uneven, with a glistening vitreous luster. It is translucent, sometimes transparent. Its color is white or grayish white, sometimes with a rosy tinge. Before the blowpipe, it intumesces a little, and easily melts into a white spongy mass.

Cleaveland.

Chad

CHAD, noun A kind of fish; pronounced shad.

Carew.

Chafe

CHAFE, verb transitive [French echauffer; Spanish escalfar, to warm; Portugese escalfar, to poach or boil slightly; from the root of Latin caleo, whence calefio, calfacio.]

1. To excite heat or inflammation by friction, as to chafe the skin; also, to fret and wear by rubbing, as to chafe a cable.

2. To excite heat in the mind; to excite passion; to inflame; to make angry; to cause to fret; to provoke or incense. 2 Samuel 17:8.

3. To excite violent action; to cause to rage; as, the wind chafes the ocean.

4. To perfume; rather, to stimulate, or agitate; to excite by pungent odors.

Lilies, whose scent chafed the air.

Suckling.

Chafe

CHAFE, verb intransitive To be excited or heated; to rage; to fret; to be in violent action.

Pope.

2. To act violently upon, by rubbing; to fret aganist, as waves against a shore.

The troubled Tyber chafing with his shores.

Shak.

3. To be fretted and worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes.

Chafe

CHAFE, noun Heat, excited by friction.

2. Violent agitation of the mind or passions; heat; fret; passion.

Camden.

Chafed

CHA'FED, participle passive Heated or fretted by rubbing; worn by friction.

Chafer

CHA'FER, noun One who chafes.

Chafer

CHA'FER, noun [Saxon ceafor; Dutch kever; German kÃƒ-¤fer.] An insect, a species of Scarabaeus, or beetle.

Chafery

CHA'FERY, noun [from chafe.] In Iron works, a forge in which an ancony or square mass of iron, hammered into a bar in the middle, with its ends rough, is reduced to a complete bar, by hammering down the ends to the shape of the middle.

Encyc.

Chafe-Wax

CHA'FE-WAX, noun In England, an officer belonging to the Lord Chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs.

Harris.

Chaff

CH`AFF, noun [Saxon ceaf; Dutch kaf; German kaff.]

1. The husk, or dry calyx of corn, and grasses. In common language, the word is applied to the husks when separated from the corn by thrashing, riddling or winnowing. The word is sometimes used rather improperly to denote straw cut small for the food of cattle.

Martyn. Encyc.

2. Refuse; worthless matter; especially that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind. In scripture, false doctrines, fruitless designs, hypocrites and ungodly men are compared to chaff. Psalm 1:4. Jeremiah 23:28. Isaiah 33:11. Matthew 3:12.

Chaffer

CHAF'FER, verb intransitive [Saxon ceapian; Dutch koopen; German kaufen; Swedish kÃƒ-¥pa; Danish kiÃƒ-¶ber, to bargain or buy. It seems to be radically the same word as cheap, cheapen, and chap in chapman. See Cheap.]

To treat about a purchase; to bargain; to haggle; to negotiate; to chop and change; as, to chaffer for preferments.

Dryden.

Chaffer

CHAF'FER, verb transitive To buy; to exchange.

Spenser.

[In this sense it is obsolete.]

Chaffer

CHAF'FER, noun Merchandize. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Chafferer

CHAF'FERER, noun One who chaffers; a bargainer; a buyer.

Chaffern

CHAF'FERN, noun A vessel for heating water. [Local.]

Chaffery

CHAF'FERY, noun Trafick; buying and selling. Obs.

Spenser.

Chaffinch

CHAF'FINCH, noun [chaff and finch.] A species of birds of the genus Fringilla, which are said to delight in chaff, and are admired for their song.

Chaffless

CH`AFFLESS, noun Without chaff.

Shak.

Chaffweed

CH`AFFWEED, noun A plant, cud-weed, a species of Gnaphalium; but this name is given also to the Centunculus.

Muhlenberg.

Chaffy

CH`AFFY, adjective Like chaff; full of chaff; light; as, chaffy straws; chaffy opinions.

Brown. Glanville.

Chafing

CHA'FING, participle of the present tense Heating or fretting by friction.

Chafing-Dish

CHA'FING-DISH, noun [chafe and dish.] A dish or vessel to hold coals for heating any thing set on it; a portable grate for coals.

Chagrin

CHAGRIN'; noun [French This word, applied to a particular kind of skin, or leather, is said to be derived from a Turkish word, sagri, French croupe. The skin is dressed so as to present on its surface little eminences. See Shagreen.]

Ill-humor; vexation; peevishness; fretfulness.

Pope.

Chagrin

CHAGRIN', verb transitive [French chagriner.] To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify.

Chagrined

CHAGRIN'ED, participle passive Vexed; fretted; displeased.

Chain

CHAIN, noun [French chaÃƒ-®ne, for chaisne; Norm. cadene, and cheyne; Armoric chaden, cadenn, or jadenn; Spanish cadena; Portugese cadea; Italian catena; Latin catena; Dutch keten; German kette; Swedish k?dia; Danish kede; Welsh cadwen. Qu. Arabic from akada, to bind or make fast.]

1. A series of links or rings connected, or fitted into one another, usually made of some kind of metal, as a chain of gold, or of iron; but the word is not restricted to any particular kind of material. It is used often for an ornament about the person.

2. That which binds; a real chain; that which restrains, confines, or fetters; a bond.

If God spared not the angels that sinned, but delivered them into chains of darkness. 2 Peter 2.

3. Bondage; affliction.

He hath made my chain heavy. Lamentations 3.

4. Bondage; slavery.

In despotism the people sleep soundly in their chains.

Ames.

5. Ornament. Proverbs 1:9.

6. A series of things linked together; a series of things connected or following in succession; as a chain of causes, of ideas, or events; a chain of being.

7. A range, or line of things connected as a chain of mountains.

8. A series of links, forming an instrument to measure land.

9. A string of twisted wire, or something similar, to hang a watch on, and for other purposes.

10. In France, a measure of wood for fuel, and various commodities, of various length.

11. In ship-building, chains are strong links or plates of iron, bolted at the lower end to the ship's side, used to contain the blocks called dead eyes, by which the shrouds of the mast are extended.

12. The warp in weaving, as in French.

Chain-pump. This consists of a long chain, equipped with a sufficient number of valves, moving on two wheels, one above, the other below, passing downward through a wooden tube and returning through another. It is managed by a long winch, on which several men may be employed at once.

Encyc.

Chain-shot, two balls connected by a chain, and used to cut down masts, or cut away shrouds and rigging.

Chain-wales of a ship, broad and thick planks projecting from a ship's side, abreast of and behind the masts, for the purpose of extending the shrouds, for better supporting the masts, and preventing the shrouds from damaging the gunwale.

Encyc.

Chain-work, work consisting of threads, cords and the like, linked together in the form of a chain; as lineal chaining or tambour work, reticulation or net work, &c.

Ed. Encyc.

Top-chain, on board a ship, a chain to sling the sail-yards in time of battle, to prevent their falling, when the ropes that support them are shot away.

Encyc.

Chain

CHAIN, verb transitive To fasten, bind or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain.

2. To enslave; to keep in slavery.

And which more blest? Who chain'd his country, say,

Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?

Pope.

3. To guard with a chain, as a harbor or passage.

4. To unite; to form chain-work.

Chained

CHA'INED, participle passive Made fast, or bound by a chain; connected by a chain; bound; enslaved.

Chaining

CHA'INING, participle of the present tense Binding, fastening or connecting with a chain; binding, or attaching to; enslaving.

Chair

CHAIR, noun [French chaire, a pulpit, contracted from Norm. cadiere, as chain from catena; Armoric cadarn, or cador; Irish cathaoir; Latin cathedra; Greek, connected with, to sit, and; Welsh cadair, a seat or stool.]

1. A movable seat; a frame with a bottom made of different materials, used for persons to sit in; originally a stool, and anciently a kind of pulpit in churches.

2. A seat of justice or of authority; as a chair of state.

3. A seat for a professor, or his office; as the professor's chair.

4. The seat for a speaker or presiding officer of a public council or assembly, as the speaker's chair; and by a metonymy, the speaker himself; as, to address the chair.

5. A sedan; a vehicle on poles borne by men.

6. A pulpit.

Burnet.

7. A two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a gig.

8. Supreme office or magistracy.

When Governor Shute came to the chair, several of the old councilors were laid aside.

Belknap.

Curule chair, an ivory seat placed on a car, used by the prime magistates of Rome.

Chair-Man

CHA'IR-MAN, noun The presiding officer or speaker of an assembly, association or company, particularly of a legislative house; also, the president or senior member of a committee.

2. One whose business is to carry a chair.

Dryden.

Chaise

CHAISE, n. s as z. [French chaise, a seat or chair. Qu. Italian seggia.]

A two-wheeled carriage drawn by one horse; a gig. It is open or covered.

Chalcedonic

CHALCEDON'IC, adjective Pertaining to chalcedony.

Chalcedony

CHAL'CEDONY, noun [from Chalcedon, a town in Asia Minor, opposite to Byzantium, now Constantinople. Pliny informs us that Chalcedon signifies the town of blind men. The last syllable then is the Celtic dun, English town, a fact that the historian should not overlook. Plin. Lib. 5. 32.]

A subspecies of quartz, a mineral called also white agate, resembling milk diluted with water, and more or less clouded or opake, with veins, circles and spots. It is used in jewelry.

Cleaveland. Nicholson. Encyc.

The varieties of chalcedony are common chalcedony, heliotrope, chrysoprase, plasma, onyx, sard and sardonyx.

Ure.

Chalcedonyx

CHAL'CEDONYX, noun A variety of agate, in which white and gray layers alternate.

Cleaveland.

Chalcite

CHAL'CITE, noun [Greek, brass.] Sulphate of iron of a red color, so far calcined as to have lost a considerable part of its acid.

Fourcroy.

Chalcographer

CHALCOG'RAPHER, noun [Infra.] An engraver in brass.

Chalcography

CHALCOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, brass, and, to write.] The act or art of engraving in brass.

Chaldaic

CHALDA'IC, adjective Pertaining to Chaldea, anciently a country on the Frat or Euphrates, in Asia, called in seripture Shinar. Of this Babylon was the principal city.

Chaldaic

CHALDA'IC, noun The language or dialect of the Chaldeans.

Chaldaism

CHAL'DAISM, noun An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.

Parkhurst.

Chaldean

CHALDE'AN, noun An inhabitant of Chaldea.

Chaldee

CHAL'DEE, adjective Pertaining to Chaldea.

Chaldee

CHAL'DEE, noun The language or dialect of the Chaldeans.

Chaldron

CHAL'DRON, or CHAL'DER, noun [French chaudron; Spanish calderon; Italian calderone, a kettle. The same word as caldron. Chalder is not in use in the United States.]

A measure of coals consisting of thirty six bushels.

Chambers.

Chalice

CHAL'ICE, noun [French calice; Spanish caliz; Italian calice; Dutch kelk; German kelch; Latin calix; Greek. It should have been written calice.]

A cup, or bowl; usually, a communion cup.

Chaliced

CHAL'ICED, adjective Having a cell or cup; applied by Shakspeare to a flower; but I believe little used.

Chalk

CHALK, n. chauk. [Saxon cealc; Dutch Danish German kalk; Swedish kalck; Welsh calc; Cornish kalch; Irish cailk; Latin calx; French chaux. The Latin calx is lime-stone, chalk-stone, and the heel, and calco is to kick and to tread. In Italian calca is a crowd. The sense then is a mass made compact, a clod or lump. If the Greek, flint, gravel, is the same word, the Latins deviated from their usual practice in writing calx, for chalx. These words are probably connected in origin with callus.]

A well known calcarious earth, of an opake white color, soft and admitting no polish. It contains a large portion of carbonic acid, and is a subspecies of carbonate of lime. It is used as an absorbent and anti-acid.

Cleaveland. Nicholson. Kirwan. Aikin.

Black-chalk is a species of earth used by painters for drawing on blue paper.

Red-chalk is an indurated clayey ocher used by painters and artificers.

Chalk

CHALK, verb transitive To rub with chalk; to mark with chalk.

2. To manure with chalk, as land.

3. From the use of chalk in marking lines, the phrase to chalk out is used to signify, to lay out, draw out or describe; as, to chalk out a plan of proceeding.

Chalk-Cutter

CHALK-CUTTER, noun A man that digs chalk.

Woodward.

Chalkiness

CHALKINESS, n. chauk'iness. The state of being chalky.

Chalk-Pit

CHALK-PIT, noun A pit in which chalk is dug.

Johnson.

Chalk-Stone

CHALK-STONE, noun In medicine, a calcarious concretion in the hands and feet of men violently affected by the gout.

Encyc.

2. A small lump of chalk.

Isaiah.

Chalky

CHALKY, a. chauk'y. Resembling chalk; as a chalky taste.

2. White with chalk; consisting of chalk; as, chalky cliffs.

Rowe.

3. Impregnated with chalk; as, chalky water.

Challenge

CHAL'LENGE, noun [Norm. calenge, an accusation; chalunge, a claim; challenger, to claim; from the root of call, Greek, Latin calo. See Call.]

Literally, a calling, or crying out, the primary sense of many words expressing a demand, as claim, Latin clamo. Hence appropriately,

1. A calling upon one to fight in single combat; an invitation or summons, verbal or written, to decide a controversy by a duel. Hence the letter containing the summons is also called a challenge.

2. A claim or demand made of a right or supposed right.

There must be no challenge of superiority.

Collier.

3. Among hunters, the opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game.

Encyc.

4. In law, an exception to jurors; the claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause; that is, a calling them off. The right of challenge is given both in civil and criminal trials, for certain causes which are supposed to disqualify a juror to be an impartial judge. The right of challenge extends either to the whole panel or array, or only to particular jurors, called a challenge to the polls. A principal challenge is that which the law allows without cause assigned. A challenge to the favor, is when the party alledges a special cause. In criminal cases, a prisoner may challenge twenty jurors, without assigning a cause. This is called a peremptory challenge.

Blackstone.

Challenge

CHAL'LENGE, verb transitive To call, invite or summon to answer for an offense by single combat, or duel.

2. To call to a contest; to invite to a trial; as, I challenge a man to prove what he asserts, implying defiance.

3. To accuse; to call to answer.

Spenser. Shak.

4. To claim as due; to demand as a right; as, the Supreme Being challenges our reverence and homage.

5. In law, to call off a juror, or jurors; or to demand that jurors shall not sit in trial upon a cause. [See the noun.]

6. To call to the performance of conditions.

Challengeable

CHAL'LENGEABLE, adjective That may be challenged; that may be called to account.

Sadler.

Challenged

CHAL'LENGED, participle passive Called to combat or to contest; claimed; demanded, as due; called from a jury.

Challenger

CHAL'LENGER, noun One who challenges; one who invites to a single combat; one who calls on another by way of defiance.

Shak.

2. One who claims superiority; one who claims any thing as his right, or makes pretensions to it.

Hooker.

3. One who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause.

Challenging

CHAL'LENGING, participle of the present tense Summoning to a duel, or to contest; claiming as a right; defying; calling off from a jury.

Chalybean

CHALYB'EAN, adjective [Infra.] Pertaining to steel well tempered.

Milton.

Chalybeate

CHALYB'EATE, adjective [Latin chalybs; Greek, steel. Qu. from Chalybs, a town near the Euxine.]

Impregnated with particles of iron; as chalybeate waters.

Chalybeate

CHALYB'EATE, noun Any water or other liquor into which iron enters.

Cham

CHAM, n. kam. The sovereign prince of Tartary. Usually written Khan.

Chamade

CHAMA'DE, noun [French from Italian chiamata, a calling; chiamare, to call; Latin clamo; Spanish llamada; Portugese chamada, from chamar, to call. See Claim.]

In war, the beat of a drum or sound of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley; as for making a proposition for a truce, or for a capitulation.

Encyc.

Chamber

CHAMBER, or CH`AMBER, noun The first pronunciation is most common; the last, most analagous and correct. [French chambre; Armoric campr, cambr; Italian camera; Portugese Spanish camara; Latin camera; Greek, an arched roof, vault or upper gallery, a chamber; Dutch kamer; German kammer; Swedish kammare; Danish kammer; Chaldee to arch; Ethiopic kamare, an arch or vault.]

1. An apartment in an upper story, or in a story above the lower floor of a dwelling house; often used as a lodging room.

2. Any retired room; any private apartment which a person occupies; as, he called on the judge at his chamber.

Joseph entered into his chamber and wept. Genesis 43.

3. Any retired place.

Her house is the way to hell, going down to the chambers of death. Proverbs 7.

4. A hollow or cavity; as the chamber of the eye.

Sharp.

5. A place where an assembly meets, and the assembly itself; as star-chamber; imperial chamber; chamber of accounts; ecclesiastical chamber; privy chamber; chamber of commerce, &c.

6. In military affairs, the chamber of a mortar is that part of the chase, where the powder lies.

7. A powder-chamber, or bomb-chamber, a place under ground for holding powder and bombs, where they may be safe and secured from rains.

8. The chamber of a mine, a place, generally of a cubical form, where the powder is confined.

9. A species of ordnance. Qu.

Camden.

10. The clouds. Psalm 104.

11. Certain southern constellations which are hid from us.

The chambers of the south. Job 9.

Chamber-council, a private or secret council.

Shak.

Chamber-counsel, a counselor, who gives his opinion in a private apartment, but does not advocate causes in court.

Chamber

CHAMBER, or CH`AMBER, verb intransitive To reside in or occupy as a chamber.

2. To be wanton; to indulge in lewd or immodest behavior. Romans 13.

Chamber

CHAMBER, or CH`AMBER, verb transitive To shut up as in a chamber.

Shak.

Chamberer

CHAMBERER, or CH`AMBERER, noun One who intrigues, or indulges in wantonness.

Shak.

Chamber-Fellow

CHAMBER-FELLOW, or CH`AMBER-FELLOW, noun One who sleeps in the same apartment.

Spectator.

Chamber-Hanging

CHAMBER-HANGING, noun Tapestry or hangings for a chamber.

Chambering

CHAMBERING, or CH`AMBERING, noun Wanton, lewd, immodest behavior. Romans 13.

Chamberlain

CHAMBERLAIN, or CH`AMBERLAIN, noun [French chambellan; Armoric cambrelan; Spanish camarero; Portugese camareiro; Italian camerlingo; Dutch kamerling; Danish kammer-herre; Latin camerarius.]

1. An officer charged with the direction and management of a chamber, or of chambers. The Lord Chamberlain of Great Britain is the sixth officer of the crown. To him belong livery and lodging in the king's court; on coronation day he brings to the king his apparel, his sword, scabbard, &c. He dresses and undresses the king on that day, and waits on him before and after dinner. To him also belongs the care of providing all things in the house of lords, in time of parliament. Under him are the gentleman usher of the black rod, and other officers. The Lord Chamberlain of the household has the oversight of all officers belonging to the king's chambers, except the precinct of the bed-chamber, of the wardrobe, physicians, chaplains, barbers, &c., and administers the oath to all officers above stairs.

The chamberlains of the exchequer, of London, of Chester, of North Wales, &c., are receivers of rents and revenues.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. A servant who has the care of the chambers in an inn or hotel.

Chamberlainship

CHAMBERLAINSHIP, or CH`AMBERLAINSHIP, noun The office of a chamberlain.

Chamber-Lye

CHAMBER-LYE, noun Urine.

Chamber-Maid

CHAMBER-MAID, or CH`AMBER-MAID, noun A woman who has the care of chambers, making the beds, and cleaning the rooms, or who dresses a lady and waits upon her in her apartment.

Chamber-Pot

CHAMBER-POT, noun A vessel used in bed-rooms.

Chamber-Practice

CHAMBER-PRACTICE, or CH`AMBER-PRACTICE, noun The practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court.

Chambrel

CHAM'BREL, noun The joint or bending of the upper part of a horse's hind leg. In New England pronounced gambrel, which see.

Chameleon

CHAME'LEON, noun [Latin chamoeleon; Greek.]

An animal of the genus Lacerta, or lizard, with a naked body, a tail and four feet. The body is six or seven inches long, and the tail five inches; with this it clings to the branches of trees. The skin is cold to the touch, and contains small grains or eminences, of a bluish gray color, in the shade, but in the light of the sun, all parts of the body become of a grayish brown, or tawny color. It is a native of Africa and Asia.

Encyc.

Chameleonize

CHAME'LEONIZE, verb transitive To change into various colors.

Dict.

Chamfer

CHAM'FER, verb transitive [corrupted from French echancrer, to hollow, to cut sloping; Armoric chancra; said to be from cancer.]

1. To channel; to cut a furrow, as in a column, or to cut into a sloping form.

Johnson. Bailey. Encyc.

2. To wrinkle.

Shak.

Chamfer

CHAM'FER, or CHAM'FRET, noun A small gutter or furrow cut in wood or other hard material; a slope.

Chamfered

CHAM'FERED, participle passive Cut into furrows, or cut sloping.

Chamfering

CHAM'FERING, participle of the present tense Cutting a gutter in; cutting in a slope.

Chamite

CHAM'ITE, noun Fossil remains of the Chama, a shell.

Chamlet

CHAMLET, [See Camlet.]

Chamois

CHAMOIS, noun [French from Italian camozza; Spanish gamuza, from gamo, a buck.]

An animal of the goat kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called shammy.

Johnson.

It is now arranged with the Antelopes.

Cuvier.

Chamomile

CHAM'OMILE, [See Camomile.]

Champ

CHAMP, verb transitive [French champayer, I have not found. Qu. Greek, for m is often casual before a labial, and in Greek is the jaws.]

1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth; as, a horse champs the bit.

2. To bite into small pieces; to chew; to masticate; to devour.

Dryden.

Champ

CHAMP, verb intransitive To chew; to perform the action of biting by repeated motion of the teeth; as, to champ upon the bit.

Hooker.

Champagne

CHAMPA'GNE, or CHAMPA'NE, noun A kind of brisk, sparkling wine, from Champagne in France.

Champaign

CHAMPA'IGN, or CHAMPA'IN, noun [from camp or the same root.] A flat open country.

Bacon. Milton.

Champain

CHAMPA'IN, noun In heraldry, champain or point champain, is a mark of dishonor in the coat of arms of him who has killed a prisoner of war after he has asked for quarter.

Encyc.

Champed

CHAMP'ED, participle passive Bitten; chewed.

Champer

CHAMP'ER, noun One that champs or bites.

Champertor

CHAM'PERTOR, noun [See Champerty.] In law, one who is guilty of champerty, which see.

Champerty

CHAM'PERTY, noun [French champart, fieldrent; champ, Latin campus, a field, and part, a share, or partir, to divide, campum partire.]

A species of maintenance, being a bargain with a plaintiff or defendant, to divide the land or other matter in suit, between them, if they prevail; whereupon the champertor is to carry on the party's suit at his own expense. The purchase of a suit, or of the right of suing.

Blackstone.

Champignon

CHAMPIGN'ON, n. shampin'yon. [French] A kind of mushroom.

Champing

CHAMP'ING, participle passive Biting with repeated action.

Champion

CHAM'PION, noun [French champion; Armoric campyon; Spanish campeon; Portugese campeam, or campiam; Italian campione; Dutch kamper, or kampvegter; German kampfer. In all the Teutonic dialects, camp or kamp signifies a combat, and in some of them, a camp; Saxon campa, a camp and a combat; cempa, a soldier, warrior or gladiator; Welsh camp, a game, a feat; campiaw, to contend in a game. Here we have the origin of the Latin campus. It was originally the plain or open place appropriated to games, sports and athletic exercises.]

1. A man who undertakes a combat in the place or cause of another.

Bacon.

2. A man who fights in his own cause n a duel.

3. A hero; a brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest; as a champion for the truth.

Champion

CHAM'PION, verb transitive To challenge to a combat.

Shak.

Championess

CHAM'PIONESS, noun A female champion.

Fairfax.

Chance

CH`ANCE, noun [French chance; Norm. cheaunce; Armoric chanÃƒ-§z; Dutch kans; German schanze. This seems to be from the participle of the French verb cheoir, to fall, Spanish caer, from the Latin cado, or directly from the Latin cadens, cadentia.]

1. An event that happens, falls out or takes place, without being contrived, intended, expected or foreseen; the effect of an unknown cause, or the unusual or unexpected effect of a known cause; accident; casualty; fortuitous event; as, time and chance happen to all.

By chance a priest came down that way. Luke 10.

2. Fortune; what fortune may bring; as, they must take their chance.

3. An event, good or evil; success or misfortune; luck.

Shak.

4. Possibility of an occurrence; opportunity.

Your ladyship may have a chance to escape this address.

Swift.

Chance

CH`ANCE, verb intransitive To heppen; to fail out; to come or arrive without design, or expectation.

If a bird's nest chance to be before thee. Deuteronomy 22.

Ah Casca, tell us what hath chanced to day.

Shak.

Chance

CH`ANCE, adjective Happening by chance; casual; as a chance comer.

Chanceable

CH`ANCEABLE, adjective Accidental; casual; fortuitous.

Sidney.

Chance-Comer

CH`ANCE-COMER, noun One who comes unexpectedly.

Addison.

Chanceful

CH`ANCEFUL, adjective Hazardous.

Spenser.

Chance-Medley

CH`ANCE-MEDLEY, noun [chance and medley, a mixture.]

In law, the killing of a person by chance, when the killer is doing a lawful act; for if he is doing an unlawful act, it is felony. As if a man, when throwing bricks from a house into a street where people are continually passing, after giving warning to passengers to take care, should kill a person, this is chance-medley. But if he gives no warning, and kills a man, it is manslaughter.

Chancel

CH`ANCEL, noun [French chancel or chanceau; Latin cancelli, lattices or cross bars, inclosing the place; Spanish cancel, cancilla, a wooden screen, a wicker gate; Italian cancello, balustrades; Greek; Chaldee kankel or kankail, net work; Syriac id. See Cancel.]

That part of the choir of a church, between the altar or communion table and the balustrade or railing that incloses it, or that part where the altar is placed; formerly inclosed with lattices or cross bars, as now with rails.

Encyc. Johnson.

Chancellor

CH`ANCELLOR, noun [French chancelier; Armoric chanceilher, or canceller; Spanish canciller; Portugese chanceller; Italian cancelliere; Dutch kanselier; German kanzler; Swedish cantsler; Danish kantsler or cantsler; Latin cancellarius, a scribe, secretary, notary, or chancellor; from cancello, to make lattice work, to cancel, or blot out by crossing the lines; or from cancelli, lattices, because the secretary sat behind lattices.]

Originally, a chief notary or scribe, under the Roman Emperors; but in England, in later times, an officer invested with judicial powers, and particularly with the superintendance of all charters, letters and other official writings of the crown, that required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence this officer became the keeper of the great seal. From the Roman Empire, this office passed to the church, and hence every bishop has his chancellor.

The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal, is the highest officer of the crown. He is a privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the house of lords by prescription. To him belongs the appointment of all justices of the peace; he is keeper of the king's conscience, visitor of all hospitals and colleges founded by the king, guardian of all charitable uses, and judge of the high court of chancery.

Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court, is the bishop's lawyer, versed in the civil and canon law, to direct the bishop in causes of the church, civil and criminal.

Chancellor of a Cathedral, is an officer who hears lessons and lectures in the church, by himself or his vicar, inspects schools, hears causes, applies the seal, writes and dispatches letters of the chapter, keeps the books, &c.

Chancellor of the Exchequer, is an officer who presides in that court, and takes care of the interest of the crown. He has power, with the lord treasurer, to lease the crown lands, and with others, to compound for forfeitures on penal statutes. He has a great authority in managing the royal revenues, and in matters relating to the first fruits.

Chancellor of a University, is an officer who seals the diplomas, or letters of degree, &c. The chancellor of Oxford is usually one of the prime nobility, elected by the students in convocation, and he holds the office for life. He is the chief magistrate in the government of the university. The chancellor of Cambridge is also elected from among the prime nobility; he does not hold his office for life, but may be elected every three years.

Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the seal of their order.

Johnson. Encyc.

In France, a secretary is, in some cases, called a chancellor.

In the United States, a chancellor is the judge of a court of chancery or equity, established by statute.

In scripture, a master of the decrees, or president of the council. Ez. 4.

Chancellorship

CH`ANCELLORSHIP, noun The office of a chancellor; the time during which one is chancellor.

Chancery

CH`ANCERY, noun [French chancellerie; Armoric cancellery; Spanish chancilleria; Italian cancelleria; Latin cancellaria, from cancelli, lattices, or from the judge, who presided in the court.]

1. In Great Britain, the highest court of justice, next to the parliament, consisting of two distinct tribunals; one ordinary, being a court of common law; the other extraordinary, or a court of equity. The ordinary legal court holds pleas of recognizances acknowledged in the chancery, writs of scire facias, for repeal of letters patent, writs of partition, and all personal actions by or against any officer of the court. But if the parties come to issue, in fact, this court cannot try it by a jury; but the record must be delivered to the king's bench. From this court issue all original writs that pass under the great seal, commissions of charitable uses, bankruptcy, idiocy, lunacy, &c.

The extraordinary court, or court of equity, proceeds upon rules of equity and conscience, moderates the rigor of the common law, and gives relief in cases where there is no remedy in the common law courts.

2. In the United States, a court of equity.

Chancre

CHAN'CRE, noun [French chancre; Armoric chancr. The same as cancer, canker.] A venereal ulcer.

Chancrous

CHAN'CROUS, adjective Ulcerous; having the qualities of a chancre.

Chandelier

CHANDELIE'R, noun [French id.; Spanish candelero; Italian candeliere; Armoric cantolozr, or cantuler; from Latin candela, a candle, from caneo, to shine.]

1. A frame with branches to hold a number of candles, to illuminate a public or large room.

2. In fortification, a movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover pioneers.

Chandler

CH`ANDLER, noun [Qr. French chandelier, or rather Teutonic handler. See Corn-chandler.]

An artisan whose trade is to make candles, or one who sells candles.

Johnson.

In America, I believe the word never signifies a seller of candles, unless he is the maker. A corn-chandler is a seller of corn, but I believe not used in the U. States.

Chandlerly

CH`ANDLERLY, adjective Like a chandler.

Milton.

Chandlery

CH`ANDLERY, noun The commodities sold by a chandler.

Chandry

CH`ANDRY, noun The place where candles are kept.

B. Jonson.

Change

CHANGE, verb transitive [French changer; Italian cangiare; Armoric eceinch; Norm. chainant, exchanging. Qu. Is this radically the same word as Italian cambio, cambiare, Spanish id.?]

1. To cause to turn or pass from one state to another; to alter, or make different; to vary in external form, or in essence; as, to change the color or shape of a thing; to change the countenance; to change the heart or life.

2. To put one thing in the place of another; to shift; as, to change the clothes.

Be clean and change your garments. Genesis 35.

3. To quit one thing or state for another; followed by for; as, persons educated in a particular religion do not readily change it for another.

4. To give and take reciprocally; as, will you change conditions with me?

5. To barter; to exchange goods; as, to change a coach for a chariot.

6. To quit, as one place for another; as, to change lodgings.

7. To give one kind of money for another; to alter the form or kind of money, by receiving the value in a different kind, as to change bank notes for silver; or to give pieces of a larger denomination for an equivalent in pieces of smaller denomination, as to change an eagle for dollars, or a sovereign for sixpences, or to change a dollar into cents; or on the other hand, to change dollars for or into eagles, giving money of smaller denomination for larger.

8. To become acid or tainted; to turn from a natural state of sweetness and purity; as, the wine is changed; thunder and lightning are said to change milk.

To change a horse, or to change hand, is to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to the right, or from the right to the left.

Farrier's Dict.

Change

CHANGE, verb intransitive To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for the better, often for the worse.

I am Jehovah; I change not. Malachi 3.

2. To pass the sun, as the moon in its orbit; as, the moon will change the 14th of this month.

Change

CHANGE, noun Any variation or alteration in form, state, quality, or essence; or a passing from one state or form to another; as a change of countenance; a change of habits or principles.

2. A succession of one thing in the place of another; vicissitude; as a change of seasons; a change of objects on a journey; a change of scenes.

3. A revolution; as a change of government.

4. A passing by the sun, and the beginning of a new monthly revolution; as a change of the moon.

5. A different state by removal; novelty; variety.

Our fathers did, for change, to France repair.

Dryden.

6. Alteration in the order of ringing bells; variety of sounds.

Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing.

Holder.

7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another.

Thirty changes of raiment. Judges 14.

8. Small coins of money, which may be given for larger pieces.

9. The balance of money paid beyond the price of goods purchased.

I gave the clerk a bank note for his cloth, and he gave me the change.

10. The dissolution of the body; death.

All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.

11. Change for exchange, a place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building appropriated for mercantile transactions.

12. In arithmetic, permutation; variation of numbers. Thirteen numbers admit of 6,227,020,800 changes, or different positions.

Changeability

CHANGEABIL'ITY, noun Changeableness, which is generally used.

Fleming.

Changeable

CHANGEABLE, adjective That may change; subject to alteration; fickle; inconstant; mutable; variable; as a person of a changeable mind.

2. Having the quality of suffering alteration of external appearance; as changeable silk.

Changeableness

CHANGEABLENESS, noun The quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; instability; mutability.

2. Susceptibility of change, or alteration.

Hooker.

Changeably

CHANGEABLY, adverb Inconstantly.

Changed

CHANGED, participle passive Altered; varied; turned; converted; shifted.

Changeful

CHANGEFUL, adjective Full of change; inconstant; mutable; fickle; uncertain; subject to alteration.

Pope.

Changeless

CHANGELESS, adjective Constant; not admitting alteration.

Changeling

CHANGELING, noun [change and ling. It is said this word originated in a superstitious opinion that fairies steal children and put others that are ugly and stupid in their places. Johnson.]

1. A child left or taken in the place of another.

Spenser.

2. An idiot; a fool.

Dryden. Locke.

3. One apt to change; a waverer.

Shak.

4. Any thing changed and put in the place of another.

Shak.

Changer

CHANGER, noun One who alters the form of any thing.

2. One that is employed in changing and discounting money; a money-changer.

3. One given to change.

Changing

CHANGING, participle of the present tense Altering; turning; putting one thing for another; shifting.

Channa

CHAN'NA, noun A fish taken in the Mediterranean, resembling the sea-perch.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Channel

CHAN'NEL, noun [Irish cainneal; French canal; Latin canalis; Armoric can, or canol. It is a different spelling of canal.]

1. In a general sense, a passage; a place of passing or flowing; particularly, a watercourse.

2. The place where a river flows, including the whole breadth of the river. But more appropriately, the deeper part or hollow in which the principal current flows.

3. The deeper part of a strait, bay, or harbor, where the principal current flows, either of tide or fresh water, or which is the most convenient for the track of a ship.

4. That through which any thing passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels.

5. A gutter or furrow in a column.

6. An arm of the sea; a straight or narrow sea, between two continents, or between a continent and an isle; as the British or Irish channel.

7. Channels of a ship. [See Chain-wales.]

Channel

CHAN'NEL, verb transitive To form a channel; to cut channels in; to groove; as, to channel a field or a column.

Wotton.

Channeled

CHAN'NELED, participle passive Having channels; grooved longitudinally.

Channeling

CHAN'NELING, participle of the present tense Cutting channels; grooving longitudinally.

Chanson

CHAN'SON, noun [French] A song.

Shak.

Chant

CH`ANT, verb transitive [French chanter; Latin canto, cantus; Welsh aça;anu; Armoric cana, cannein; Italian cantare; Spanish Portugese cantar; Latin cano. See Cant.]

1. To sing; to utter a melodious voice; that is, to cant or throw the voice in modulations.

The cheerful birds do chant sweet music.

Spenser.

2. To celebrate in song; as, to chant the praises of Jehovah.

3. To sing, as in church-service; to repeat words in a kind of canting voice, with modulations.

Chant

CH`ANT, verb intransitive To sing; to make melody with the voice.

They chant to the sound of the viol. Amos 6.

2. To repeat words in the church-service with a kind of singing.

Chant

CH`ANT, noun Song; melody; church-service.

Chanted

CH`ANTED, participle passive Sung; uttered with modulations of voice.

Chanter

CH`ANTER, noun One who chants; a singer or songster.

Pope.

2. The chief singer, or priest of the chantry.

Gregory.

3. The pipe which sounds the tenor or treble in a bagpipe.

Chanticleer

CH`ANTICLEER, noun [chant and clear, French clair.]

A cock, so called from the clearness or loudness of his voice in crowing.

Dryden.

Chanting

CH`ANTING, participle of the present tense Singing; uttering a melodious voice; repeating words with a singing voice.

Chanting

CH`ANTING, noun The act of singing, or uttering with a song.

Chantress

CH`ANTRESS, noun A female singer.

Milton.

Chantry

CH`ANTRY, noun [French chantrerie, from chant.]

A church or chapel endowed with lands, or other revenue, for the maintenance of one or more priests daily to sing or say mass for the souls of the donors, or such as they appoint.

Cowell.

Chaos

CHA'OS, noun [Latin chaos; Greek.] That confusion, or confused mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed, before it was separated into its different kinds and reduced to order, by the creating power of God. "Rudis, indigestaque moles."

Ovid.

2. Any mixed mass, without due form or order; as a chaos of materials.

3. Confusion; disorder; a state in which the parts are undistinguished.

Donne.

Chaotic

CHAOT'IC, adjective Resembling chaos; confused; as, the earth was originally in a chaotic state.

Chap

CHAP, verb transitive [Arabic jabba, to cut off or out, to castrate; to split, rend, tear, or cleave, to cut. It seems to be allied to the German and Dutch kappen, Danish kapper, French couper; but these agree better with Arabic or to cut. See Chop and Gape. Chap is sometimes pronounced chop.]

To cleave, split, crack, or open longitudinally, as the surface of the earth, or the skin and flesh of the hand. Dry weather chaps the earth; cold dry winds chap the hands.

Chap

CHAP, verb intransitive To crack; to open in long slits; as, the earth chaps; the hands chap.

Chap

CHAP, noun A longitudinal cleft, gap or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the hands or feet.

Chap

CHAP, noun [Saxon ceafl, a beak, or chap; plu. ceaflas, the chaps.]

The upper and lower part of the mouth; the jaw. It is applied to beasts, and vulgarly to men; generally in the plural, the chaps or mouth.

Chap

CHAP, noun A man or a boy; a youth. It is used also in the sense of a buyer. "If you want to sell, here is your chap." In this sense it coincides with chapman. [See Cheap.]

Steele.

Chap

CHAP, verb intransitive [Saxon ceapian.] To cheapen. [Not used.]

Chapbook

CHAP'BOOK, noun [See Chapman and Cheap.] A small book or pamphlet, carried about for sale by hawkers.

Chape

CHAPE, noun [French chape, the tongue of a buckle, a cover, a churchman's cope, the head of an alembic; Armoric chap; Spanish chapa, a thin plate of metal covering some kind of work. Qu. cap.]

1. The catch of any thing, as the hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle, by which it is held to the back strap.

2. A brass or silver tip or case, that strengthens the end of a scabbard.

Johnson. Phillips.

Chapeau

CHAPEAU, n. shappo. [French] A hat; in heraldry, a cap or bonnet.

Chapel

CHAP'EL, noun [French chapelle; Latin capella;

Armoric chapel; Spanish capilla, a chapel, a hood or cowl, a chapter of collegians, a proofsheet; Portugese capella; Italian cappella; Dutch kapel; from the same root as cap. It is said that the kings of France, in war, carried St. Martin's hat into the field, which was kept in a tent as a precious relic, whence the place took the name capella, a little hat, and the priest who had the custody of the tent was called capellanus, now chaplain. Hence the word chapel came to signify a private oratory.

Encyc. Lunier.]

1. A house for public worship; primarily, a private oratory, or house of worship belonging to a private person. In Great Britain there are several sorts of chapels; as parochial chapels, distinct from the mother church; chapels which adjoin to and are a part of the church; such were formerly built by honorable persons for burying places; chapels of ease, built in large parishes for the accommodation of the inhabitants; free chapels, which were founded by the kings of England; chapels in the universities, belonging to particular colleges; domestic chapels, built by noblemen or gentlemen for the use of their families.

Encyc.

2. A printer's workhouse; said to be so called because printing was first carried on in a chapel.

Bailey. Encyc.

Chapel

CHAP'EL, verb transitive To deposit in a chapel.

Beaum.

Chapeless

CHA'PELESS, adjective Without a chape.

Chapelet

CHAP'ELET, or CHAP'LET, noun [French chapelet.] A pair of stirrup leathers, with stirrups, joined at the top in a sort of leather buckle, by which they are made fast to the pommel of the saddle, after they have been adjusted to the length and bearing of the rider.

Farrier's Dict.

Chapellany

CHAP'ELLANY, noun A place founded within some church and dependent thereon.

Ayliffe.

Chapelling

CHAP'ELLING, noun The act of turning a ship round in a light breeze of wind, when close hauled, so that she will lie the same way as before.

Mar. Dict.

Chapelry

CHAP'ELRY, noun The bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel.

Chaperon

CHAP'ERON, noun [French] A hood or cap worn by the knights of the garter in their habits. It was anciently worn by men, women, nobles and populace; afterwards appropriated to doctors and licentiates in colleges. The name then passed to certain devices placed on the foreheads of horses which drew the herse in pompous funerals.

Johnson. Encyc.

Chaperon

CHAP'ERON, verb transitive To attend on a lady in a public assembly.

Todd.

Chap-Fallen

CHAP'-FALLEN, adjective [chap and fall.] Having the lower chap depressed; hence, dejected; dispirited; silenced.

B. Jonson.

Chapiter

CHAP'ITER, noun [French chapiteau; Italian capitello; Latin capitellum, from caput, a head. This is a different word for capital.]

1. The upper part or capital of a column or pillar; a word used in the scriptures. [See Capital.]

2. That which is delivered by the mouth of the justice in his charge to the inquest.

Encyc.

Chaplain

CHAP'LAIN, noun [French chapelain; Spanish capellan; Italian cappellano; Latin capellanus; from chapel.]

1. An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs service in a chapel. The king of Great Britain has forty-eight chaplains, who attend, four each month, to perform divine service for the royal family. Princes also, and persons of quality have chaplains, who officiate in their chapels.

2. A clergyman who belongs to a ship of war, or to a regiment of land forces, for performing divine service.

3. A clergyman who is retained to perform divine service in a family.

Chaplains of the Pope, are auditors or judges of causes in the sacred palace.

Encyc.

Chaplaincy

CHAP'LAINCY, noun The office or station of a chaplain.

Chaplainship

CHAP'LAINSHIP, noun The office or business of a chaplain.

2. The possession, or revenue of a chapel.

Johnson.

Chapless

CHAP'LESS, adjective Without any flesh about the mouth.

Bailey. Shak.

Chaplet

CHAP'LET, noun [French chapelet.] A garland or wreath to be worn on the head; the circle of a crown.

2. A string of beads used by the Roman Catholics, by which they count the number of their prayers. They are made sometimes of coral, of wood, of diamonds, &c., and are called paternosters. The invention is ascribed to Peter the hermit, who probably learnt it in the East, as the Orientals use a kind of chaplet, called a chain, rehearsing one of the perfections of God on each link, or head. The Great Mogul is said to have eighteen of these chains, all precious stones. The Turks also use a kind of chaplet in reciting their prayers.

Encyc.

3. In architecture, a little molding, carved into round beads, pearls, olives or the like.

4. In horsemanship, a chapelet, which see.

5. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head.

Johnson.

6. A small chapel or shrine.

Hammond.

Chapman

CHAP'MAN, noun plu. chapmen. [Saxon ceapman; Dutch koopman; German kaufmann; Danish kiÃƒ-¶bmand. See Cheap.]

1. A cheapener; one that offers as a purchaser.

Their chapmen they betray.

Dryden.

2. A seller; a market-man.

Shak.

Chapped

CHAP'PED, participle passive Cleft; opened, as the surface or skin.

Chapping

CHAP'PING, participle of the present tense Cleaving, as the surface or skin.

Chappy

CHAP'PY, adjective Full of chaps; cleft.

Chaps

CHAPS, the mouth or jaws. [See Chap.]

Chapt

CHAPT. [See Chapped.]

Chapter

CHAP'TER, noun [French chapitre; Latin capitulum, a head; Italian capitolo; Spanish capitulo; from Latin caput, the head.]

1. A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis contains fifty chapters. Hence the phrase, to the end of the chapter, that is, throughout; to the end.

Johnson.

2. In ecclesiastical polity, a society or community of clergymen, belonging to a cathedral or collegiate church.

Encyc.

3. A place where delinquents receive discipline and correction.

Ayliffe.

4. A decretal epistle.

Ayliffe.

Chapter

CHAP'TER, verb transitive To tax; to correct.

Dryden

Chapter-House

CHAP'TER-HOUSE, noun A house where a chapter meets.

Bailey.

Chaptrel

CHAP'TREL, noun [from chapiter.] The capitals of pillars and pilasters, which support arches, commonly called imposts.

Moxon.

Char

CH`AR, noun A fish.

Char

CHAR, noun In England, work done by the day; a single job, or task. In New England, it is pronounced chore, which see. I know not the origin of the word. In Saxon cerre, cyrr, signifies a time, a turn, occasion, from cerran, cyrran, to turn, or return.

Char

CHAR, verb transitive To perform a business.

May.

Char

CHAR, verb intransitive To work at others houses by the day, without being a hired servant; to do small jobs.

Bailey. Johnson.

Char-Woman

CHAR-WOMAN, noun A woman hired for odd work, or for single days.

Johnson.

[Char-man and Char-woman are, I believe, not used in America.]

Char

CH`AR, verb transitive [Russian jaryu or charyu, to roast, or burn; or goryu to burn, or be burnt; and with a prefix, sgarayu or sgorayu, to burn; French charrÃƒ-©e, ashes. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Ethiopic. Class Greek No. 22. 23. This seems to be the root of Latin carbo. See Chark.]

1. To burn or reduce to coal or carbon; to reduce to charcoal, by expelling all volatile matter from wood. This is done by burning wood slowly under a covering of turf and earth.

2. To expel all volatile matter from stone or earth, by heat.

The stone or earth charred from all foreign visible ingredients.

Kirwan.

Charact

CHAR'ACT, or CHAR'ECT, noun [See Character.] An inscription. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Character

CHAR'ACTER, noun [Latin character; French caractere; Spanish caracter; Italian carattere; Greek, from the verb,, to scrape, cut, engrave.]

1. A mark made by cutting or engraving, as on stone, metal or other hard material; hence, a mark or figure made with a pen or style, on paper, or other material used to contain writing; a letter, or figure used to form words, and communicate ideas. Characters are literal, as the letters of an alphabet; numeral, as the arithmetical figures; emblematical or symbolical, which express things or ideas; and abbreviations, as C. for centum, a hundred; lb. for libra, a pound; A. Dutch Anno Domini; &c.

2. A mark or figure made by stamping or impression, as on coins.

3. The manner of writing; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular person.

You know the character to be your brother's.

Shak.

4. The peculiar qualities, impressed by nature or habit on a person, which distinguish him from others; these constitute real character, and the qualities which he is supposed to possess, constitute his estimated character, or reputation. Hence we say, a character is not formed, when the person has not acquired stable and distinctive qualities.

5. An account, description or representation of any thing, exhibiting its qualities and the circumstances attending it; as, to give a bad character to a town, or to a road.

6. A person; as, the assembly consisted of various characters, eminent characters, and low characters.

All the characters in the play appeared to advantage.

The friendship of distinguished characters.

Roscoe.

7. By way of eminence, distinguished or good qualities; those which are esteemed and respected; and those which are ascribed to a person in common estimation. We enquire whether a stranger is a man of character.

8. Adventitious qualities impressed by office, or station; the qualities that, in public estimation, belong to a person in a particular station; as when we ask how a magistrate, or commander supports his character.

9. In natural history, the peculiar discriminating qualities or properties of animals, plants and minerals.

These properties, when employed for the purpose of discriminating minerals, are called characters.

Cleaveland.

Character

CHAR'ACTER, verb transitive To engrave; to inscribe.

Milton. Shak.

2. To describe; to distinguish by particular marks or traits.

Mitford.

Charactered

CHAR'ACTERED, participle passive Engraved; inscribed; distinguished by a particular character.

Mitford.

Characterism

CHAR'ACTERISM, noun The distinction of character.

Bp. Hall.

2. A particular aspect or configuration of the heavens.

Encyc.

Characteristic

CHARACTERIS'TIC, or CHARACTERIS'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from.]

That constitutes the character; that marks the peculiar, distinctive qualities of a person or thing.

Generosity is often a characteristic virtue of a brave man.

It is followed by of.

Generosity is characteristic of true bravery.

Characteristic

CHARACTERIS'TIC, noun That which constitutes a character; that which characterizes; that which distinguishes a person or thing from another.

Invention is the characteristic of Homer.

Pope.

2. In grammar, the principal letter of a word, which is preserved in most of its tenses, in its derivatives and compounds.

The characteristic of a logarithm, is its index or exponent.

The characteristic triangle of a curve, in geometry, is a rectilinear right-angled triangle, whose hypotenuse makes a part of the curve, not sensibly different from a right line.

Encyc.

Characteristically

CHARACTERIS'TICALLY, adverb In a manner that distinguishes character.

Characcteristicalness

CHARACCTERIS'TICALNESS, noun The state or qualities of being characteristic.

Characterize

CHAR'ACTERIZE, verb transitive [Greek.] To give a character, or an account of the personal qualities of a man; to describe by peculiar qualities.

2. To distinguish; to mark, or express the character; to exhibit the peculiar qualities of a person or thing; as, humility characterizes the true christian; the hero is characterized by bravery and magnanimity.

The system of mediation has characterized the entire scheme of divine dispensation.

Thodey.

3. To engrave or imprint. [Little used.]

Hale.

4. To mark with a peculiar stamp, or figure, European, Asiatic, and African faces are all characterized.

Arbuthnot.

Characterized

CHAR'ACTERIZED, participle passive Described or distinguished by pecular qualities.

Characterizing

CHAR'ACTERIZING, participle of the present tense Describing or distinguishing by peculiar qualities.

Characterless

CHAR'ACTERLESS, adjective Destitute of any peculiar character.

Shak.

Charactery

CHAR'ACTERY, noun Impression; mark; distinction. [Not used.]

Shak.

Charade

CHARA'DE, noun [Said to be from the name of the inventor.]

A composition, in which the subject must be a word of two syllables, each forming a distinct word; and these syllables are to be concealed in an enigmatical description, first separately and then together. Example.

My first, when a Frenchman in learning English, serves him to swear by. My second is either hay or corn. My whole is the delight of the age. Gar-rick.

Encyc.

Charcoal

CH`ARCOAL, noun [char and coal. See Char.]

Coal made by charring wood; the remains of wood burnt under turf, and from which all watery and other volatile matter has been expelled by heat. It makes a strong heat, and is used in furnaces, forges, private families, &c. It is black, brittle, light and inodorous, and not being decomposable by water or air, will endure for ages without alteration.

Chard

CH`ARD, noun [French charde; Latin carduus.]

The leaves of artichokes tied and wrapped all over, except the top, in straw, during autumn and winter. This makes them grow white and lose some of their bitterness.

Chambers.

Chards of beet are plants of white beet transplanted, producing great tops, which, in the midst, have a large, white, thick, downy, cotton-like main shoot, which is the true chard.

Mortimer.

Charge

CH`ARGE, v. t. charj. [French charger; Armoric carga; Spanish cargar; Italian caricare, or carcare; Portugese carregar. It would seem from the Welsh that this word is from car, a cart or other vehicle, and that the noun charge or cargo was first formed, and therefore ought in arrangement to precede the verb. If the verb was first formed, the primary sense would be to load, to throw or put on or in. I think the fact to be otherwise. See Cargo.]

1. To rush on; to fall on; to attack, especially with fixed bayonets; as, an army charges the enemy.

2. To load, as a musket or cannon; to thrust in powder, or powder and ball or shot.

3. To load or burden; to throw on or impose that which oppresses; as, to charge the stomach with indigestible food; or to lay on, or to fill, without oppressing; as, to charge the memory with rules and precepts; to charge the mind with facts.

4. To set or lay on; to impose, as a tax; as, the land is charged with a quit rent; a rent is charged on the land.

5. To lay on or impose, as a task.

The gospel chargeth us with piety towards God.

Tillotson.

6. To put or lay on; as, to charge a building with ornaments, often implying superfluity.

7. To lay on, as a duty; followed by with.

The commander charged the officer with the execution of the project. See Genesis 40:4.

8. To entrust to; as, an officer is charged with dispatches.

9. To set to, as a debt; to place on the debit side of an account; as, to charge a man with the price of goods sold to him.

10. To load or lay on in words, something wrong, reproachful or criminal; to impute to; as, to charge a man with theft.

11. To lay on in words; to impute to; followed by on before the person; as, to charge a crime on the offender; to charge evil consequences on the doctrines of the stoics.

12. To censure; to accuse.

In all this, Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly. Job 1.

13. To lay on, give or communicate, as an order, command or earnest request; to enjoin; to exhort.

Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not high-minded. 1 Timothy 6.

In this sense, when the command is given in the name of God, or with an oath, the phrase amounts to an adjuration.

To adjure; to bind by an oath. 1 Samuel 14:28.

14. To give directions to; to instruct authoritatively; as, the judge charged the grand jury to inquire respecting breaches of the peace.

15. To communicate electrical matter to, as to a coated vial, or an electrical battery.

Charge

CH`ARGE, verb intransitive To make an onset. Thus Glanville says, "like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in iron;" and we say, to charge with fixed bayonets. But in this application, the object is understood; to charge the enemy.

Charge

CH`ARGE, noun [French charge; Armoric and Welsh carg; Spanish carga, cargo; Portugese carga, carrega; Italian carica, carco; cargo.]

1. That which is laid on or in; in a general sense, any load or burden. It is the same word radically as cargo.

2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot, used to load a musket, cannon or other like instrument.

3. An onset; a rushing on an enemy; attack; especially by moving troops with fixed bayonets. But it is used for an onset of cavalry as well as of infantry.

4. An order, injunction, mandate, command.

Moses gave Joshua a charge. Numbers 27.

The king gave charge concerning Absalom. 2 Samuel 18.

Hence,

5. That which is enjoined, committed, entrusted or delivered to another, implying care, custody, oversight, or duty to be performed by the person entrusted.

I gave Hanani charge over Jerusalem. Nehemiah 7.

Hence the word includes any trust or commission; an office, duty, employment. It is followed by of or over; more generally by of. Hence,

6. The person or thing committed to another's custody, care or management; a trust. Thus the people of a parish are called the minister's charge.

The starry guardian drove his charge away To some fresh pasture.

Dryden.

7. Instructions given by a judge to a jury, or by a bishop to his clergy. The word may be used as synonymous with command, direction, exhortation or injunction, but always implies solemnity.

8. Imputation in a bad sense; accusation. Lay not this sin to their charge. Acts 7.

9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transactions; an entry of money or the price of goods, on the debit side of an account.

10. Cost; expense; as, the charges of the war are to be borne by the nation.

11. Imposition on land or estate; rent, tax, or whatever constitutes a burden or duty.

12. In military affairs, a signal to attack; as, to sound the charge.

13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or combat.

Their armed slaves in charge.

Shak.

14. Among farriers, a preparation of the consistence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations.

15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color; or the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the bearers are distinguished from one another.

16. In electrical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, communicated to a coated jar, vial or pane of glass.

A charge of lead, is thirty-six pigs, each containing six stone, wanting two pounds.

Chargeable

CH`ARGEABLE, adjective That may be charged; that may be set, laid, imposed; as, a duty of forty per cent. is chargeable on wine.

2. Subject to be charged; as, wine is chargeable with a duty of forty per cent.

3. Expensive; costly; as a chargeable family.

4. Laying or bringing expense.

Because we would not be chargeable to any of you. 1 Thessalonians 2.

5. Imputable; that may be laid or attributed as a crime, fault or debt; as a fault chargeable on a man.

6. Subject to be charged or accused; as a man chargeable with a fault, or neglect.

Chargeableness

CH`ARGEABLENESS, noun Expensiveness; cost; costliness.

Boyle.

Chargeably

CH`ARGEABLY, adverb Expensively; at great cost.

Ascham.

Charged

CH`ARGED, participle passive Loaded; burdened; attacked; laid on; instructed; imputed; accused; placed to the debt; ordered; commanded.

Chargeful

CH`ARGEFUL, adjective Expensive; costly. [Not used.]

Shak.

Chargeless

CH`ARGELESS, adjective Not expensive; free from expense.

Charger

CH`ARGER, noun In Scots law, one who charges another in a suit.

2. A large dish. Numbers 7.

3. A horse used for attack.

Charging

CH`ARGING, participle of the present tense Loading; attacking; laying on; instructing; commanding; accusing; imputing.

Charily

CHA'RILY, adverb [See Chary.] Carefully; warily; frugally. [Little used.]

Shak.

Chariness

CHA'RINESS, noun Caution; care; nicety; scrupulousness. [Little used.]

Shak.

Chariot

CHAR'IOT, noun [French chariot, from char, a car, which see; Spanish Italian carro; Italian carretta.]

1. A half coach; a carriage with four wheels and one seat behind, used for convenience and pleasure.

2. A car or vehicle used formerly in war, drawn by two or more horses, and conveying two men each. These vehicles were sometimes armed with hooks or sythes.

Chariot

CHAR'IOT, verb transitive To convey in a chariot.

Milton.

Charioted

CHAR'IOTED, participle passive Borne in a chariot.

Cowper.

Charioteer

CHARIOTEE'R, noun The person who drives or conducts a chariot. It is used in speaking of military chariots and those in the ancient games, but not of modern drivers.

Johnson. Addison.

Chariot-Man

CHAR'IOT-MAN, noun The driver of a chariot. 2 Chronicles 18.

Chariot-Race

CHAR'IOT-RACE, noun A race with chariots; a sport in which chariots were driven in contest for a prize.

Addison.

Charitable

CHAR'ITABLE, adjective [French See Charity.]

Benevolent and kind; as a charitable disposition.

2. Liberal in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them in distress; as a charitable man.

3. Pertaining to charity; springing from charity, or intended for charity; benevolent; as a charitable institution, or society; a charitable purpose.

4. Formed on charitable principles; favorable; dictated by kindness; as a charitable construction of words or actions.

Charitableness

CHAR'ITABLENESS, noun The disposition to be charitable; or the exercise of charity.

2. Liberality to the poor.

Charitably

CHAR'ITABLY, adverb Kindly; liberally; benevolently; with a disposition to help the poor; favorably.

Charity

CHAR'ITY, noun [French charitÃƒ-©; Latin charitas, or caritas; Welsh cariad; Spanish caridad; Portugese caridade; Italian caritÃƒ- , caritade. Qu. Greek. The Latin caritas is from carus, dear, costly, whence beloved, and the word was sometimes written charitas, as if from the Greek. The Latin carus would seem to be from the verb careo, to want, as dearness arises from scarcity. Of this we have an example in the English dear, whence dearth, which shows the primary sense of dear to be scarce. But qu. the Oriental. Class Greek No. 56.]

1. In a general sense, love, benevolence, good will; that disposition of heart which inclines men to think favorably of their fellow men, and to do them good. In a theological sense, it includes supreme love to God, and universal good will to men. 1 Corinthians 13. Colossians 3:1 Timothy 1.

2. In a more particular sense, love, kindness, affection, tenderness, springing from natural relations; as the charities of father, son and brother.

Milton.

3. Liberality to the poor, consisting in almsgiving or benefactions, or in gratuitous services to relieve them in distress.

4. Alms; whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the poor for their relief.

5. Liberality in gifts and services to promote public objects of utility, as to found and support bible societies, missionary societies, and others.

6. Candor; liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition which inclines men to think and judge favorably, and to put the best construction on words and actions which the case will admit.

The highest exercise of charity, is charity towards the uncharitable.

Buckminster.

7. Any act of kindness, or benevolence; as the charities of life.

8. A charitable institution.

Dutch Webster.

Charity-school, is a school maintained by voluntary contributions for educating poor children.

Chark

CH`ARK, verb transitive [Qu. char, or Chaldee, Arabic haraka, to burn.]

To burn to a coal; to char. [Not used. See Char.]

Grew.

Charlatan

CH`ARLATAN, noun [French from Italian ciarlatano, a quack, from ciarlare, to prate; Spanish charlatan, from charlar, to prate; Portugese charlar, id.; Latin garrulo, garrio; Greek.]

One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions to skill; a quack; an empiric; a mountebank.

Brown. Butler.

Charlatanical

CHARLATAN'ICAL, adjective Quackish; making undue pretensions to skill; ignorant.

Cowley.

Charlatanry

CH`ARLATANRY, noun Undue pretensions to skill; quackery; wheedling; deception by fair words.

Johnson.

Charless-Wain

CH`ARLES'S-WAIN, noun [Charles, Celtic karl, a man, or brave man. See Wain.]

In astronomy, seven stars in the constellation called Ursa Major, or the Great Bear.

Encyc.

Charlock

CH`ARLOCK, noun [Saxon cerlice. Leac, in Saxon, is a leek, but the same word occurs in hemlock, and it probably signifies, a plant or root.]

The English name of the Raphanus raphanistrum and Sinapis arvensis, very pernicious weeds among grain. One kind has yellow flowers; another, white, with jointed pods.

Lee. Encyc.

Charm

CH`ARM, noun [French charme; Norm. carme or garme; Armoric chalm; Latin carmen, a song, a verse, an outcry, a charm. It coincides with the Welsh garm, an outcry, garmiaw, to shout, Saxon cirm, or cyrm, outcry, noise. See Alarm.]

1. Words, characters or other things imagined to possess some occult or unintelligible power; hence, a magic power or spell, by which with the supposed assistance of the devil, witches and sorcerers have been supposed to do wonderful things. Spell; enchantment. Hence,

2. That which has power to subdue opposition, and gain the affections; that which can please irresistibly; that which delights and attracts the heart; generally in the plural.

The smiles of nature and the charms of art.

Addison.

Good humor only teaches charms to last.

Pope.

Charm

CH`ARM, verb transitive To subdue or control by incantation or secret influence.

I will send serpents among youÃ‚--which will not be charmed. Jeremiah 8.

2. To subdue by secret power, especially by that which pleases and delights the mind; to allay, or appease.

Music the fiercest grief can charm.

Pope.

3. To give exquisite pleasure to the mind or senses; to delight.

We were charmed with the conversation.

The aerial songster charms us with her melodious notes.

Anon.

4. To fortify with charms against evil.

I have a charmed life, which must not yield. [Not in use.]

Shak.

5. To make powerful by charms.

Johnson.

6. To summon by incantation.

Shak. Johnson.

7. To temper agreeably.

Spenser.

Charm

CH`ARM, verb intransitive To sound harmonically.

Milton.

Charma

CH`ARMA, noun A fish resembling the seawolf.

Charmed

CH`ARMED, participle of the present tense Subdued by charms; delighted; enchanted.

Charmer

CH`ARMER, noun One that charms, or has power to charm; one that uses or has the power of enchantment. Deuteronomy 18:11.

2. One who delights and attracts the affections.

Charmeress

CH`ARMERESS, noun An enchantress.

Chaucer.

Charmful

CH`ARMFUL, adjective Abounding with charms.

Cowley.

Charming

CH`ARMING, participle of the present tense Using charms; enchanting.

2. adjective Pleasing in the highest degree; delighting.

Music is but an elegant and charming species of elocution.

E. Porter.

Charmingly

CH`ARMINGLY, adverb Delightfully; in a manner to charm, or to give delight.

She smiled very charmingly.

Addison.

Charmingness

CH`ARMINGNESS, noun The power to please.

Johnson.

Charmless

CH`ARMLESS, adjective Destitute of charms.

Swift.

Charnel

CH`ARNEL, adjective [French charnel, carnal, fleshly; charnier, a charnel-house, a larder; Armoric carnell; Spanish carnero; Italian carnaio; Latin carnalis, carnal, from caro, flesh.]

Containing flesh or carcasses.

Milton.

Charnel-House

CH`ARNEL-HOUSE, noun A place under or near churches, where the bones of the dead are reposited. Anciently, a kind of portico or gallery, in or near a church-yard, over which the bones of the dead were laid, after the flesh was consumed.

Encyc.

Charon

CHA'RON, noun In fabulous history, the son of Erebus and Nox, whose office was to ferry the souls of the deceased over the waters of Acheron and Styx, for a piece of money.

Charr

CH`ARR, noun A fish, a species of Salmo.

Charred

CH`ARRED, participle passive [from char.] Reduced to a coal.

Charring

CH`ARRING, participle of the present tense Reducing to coal; depriving of volatile matter.

Charry

CH`ARRY, adjective [See Char.] Pertaining to charcoal; like charcoal, or partaking of its qualities.

Lavoisier.

Chart

CH`ART, noun [Latin charta, the same as card, which see.]

A hydrographical or marine map; a draught or projection of some part of the earth's superficies on paper, with the coasts, isles, rocks, banks, channels or entrances into harbors, rivers, and bays, the points of compass, soundings or depth of water, &c., to regulate the courses of ships in their voyages. The term chart is applied to a marine map; map is applied to a draught of some portion of land.

A plane chart is a representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in which the meridians are supposed parallel to each other, the parallels of latitude at equal distances, and of course the degrees of latitude and longitude are every where equal to each other.

Mercator's chart, is one on which the meridians are straight lines, parallel and equidistant; the parallels are straight lines and parallel to each other, but the distance between them increases from the equinoctial towards either pole, in the ratio of the secant of the latitude to the radius.

Globular chart, is a meridional projection in which the distance of the eye from the plane of the meridian, on which the projection is made, is supposed to be equal to the sine of the angle of forty-five degrees.

Selenographic charts, represent the spots and appearances of the moon.

Topographic charts, are draughts of particular places, or small parts of the earth.

Encyc.

Charter

CH`ARTER, noun [French chartre, from Latin charta. See Card.]

A written instrument, executed with usual forms, given as evidence of a grant, contract, or whatever is done between man and man. In its more usual sense, it is the instrument of a grant conferring powers, rights and privileges, either from a king or other sovereign power, or from a private person, as a charter of exemption, that no person shall be empannelled on a jury, a charter of pardon, &c. The charters under which most of the colonies in America were settled, were given by the king of England, and incorporated certain persons, with powers to hold the lands granted, to establish a government, and make laws for their own regulation. These were called charter-governments.

2. Any instrument, executed with form and solemnity, bestowing rights or privileges.

Dryden. South.

3. Privilege; immunity; exemption.

My mother,

Who has a charter to extol her blood,

When she does praise me, grieves me.

Shak.

Charter

CH`ARTER, verb transitive To hire, or to let a ship by charter. [See Charter-party.]

2. To establish by charter.

Buchanan.

Charter-Land

CH`ARTER-LAND, noun Land held by charter, or in soccage.

Coke.

Charter-Party

CH`ARTER-PARTY, noun [French charte-partie, a divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument in two, and giving one part to each of the contractors.]

In commerce, an agreement respecting the hire of a vessel and the freight. This is to be signed by the proprietor or master of the ship and by the merchant who hires or freights it. It must contain the name and burden of the vessel, the names of the master and freighter, the price or rate of the freight, the price or rate of the freight, the time of loading and unloading, and other stipulated conditions.

Encyc.

Chartered

CH`ARTERED, participle passive Hired or let, as a ship.

2. Invested with privileges by charter; privileged.

Shak.

3. Granted by charter; as chartered rights; chartered power.

Dutch Ramsay.

Chartering

CH`ARTERING, participle of the present tense Giving a charter; establishing by charter.

2. Hiring or letting by charter.

Chartless

CH`ARTLESS, adjective Without a chart; of which no chart has been made; not delineated on paper; as the chartless main.

Barlow.

Chartulary

CH`ARTULARY, noun [French chartulaire. See Cartulary.]

An officer in the ancient Latin church, who had the care of charters and other papers of a public nature. Blackstone uses this word for a record or register, as of a monastery.

Chary

CHA'RY, adjective [Saxon cearig. See Care.] Careful; wary; frugal.

Shak.

Chasable

CHA'SABLE, adjective That may be chased; fit for the chase.

Gower.

Chase

CHASE, verb transitive [French chasser; Armoric chaÃƒ-§zeal; Spanish cazar; Portugese caÃƒ-§ar; Italian cacciare. The elements are Cg or Ck; and the change of a palatal to a sibilant resembles that in brace.]

1. Literally to drive, urge, press forward with vehemence; hence, to pursue for the purpose of taking, as game; to hunt.

2. To pursue, or drive, as a defeated or flying enemy. Leviticus 26:7. Deuteronomy 32:30.

3. To follow or pursue, as an object of desire; to pursue for the purpose of taking; as, to chase a ship.

4. To drive; to pursue.

Chased by their brother's endless malice.

Knolles.

To chase away, is to compel to depart; to disperse.

To chase metals. [See Enchase.]

Chase

CHASE, noun Vehement pursuit; a running or driving after; as game, in hunting; a flying enemy, in war; a ship at sea, &c.

2. Pursuit with an ardent desire to obtain, as pleasure, profit, fame, &c.; earnest seeking.

3. That which may be chased; that which is usually taken by chase; as beasts of chase.

4. That which is pursued or hunted; as, seek some other chase. So at sea, a ship chased is called the chase.

5. In law, a driving of cattle to or from a place.

6. An open ground, or place of retreat for deer and other wild beasts; differing from a forest, which is not private property and is invested with privileges, and from a park which is inclosed. A chase is private property, and well stored with wild beasts or game.

7. [French chasse; Spanish caxa; Italian cassa. See Case and Cash.] An iron frame used by printers to confine types, when set in columns.

8. Chase of a gun, is the whole length of the bore.

9. A term in the game of tennis.

Chase guns, in a ship of war, guns used in chasing an enemy or in defending a ship when chased. These have their ports at the head or stern. A gun at the head is called a bow-chase; at the stern, a stern-chase.

Chased

CHA'SED, participle passive Pursued; sought ardently; driven.

Chaser

CHA'SER, noun One who chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.

2. An enchaser. [See Enchase.]

Chasing

CHA'SING, participle of the present tense Pursuing; driving; hunting.

Chasm

CHASM, noun [Greek, Latin chasma, from Greek,, to open.]

1. A cleft; a fissure; a gap; properly, an opening made by disrupture, as a breach in the earth or a rock.

2. A void space; a vacuity.

Between the two propositions, that the gospel is true and that it is false, what a fearful chasm! The unsettled reason hovers over it in dismay.

Buckminster.

Chasmed

CHAS'MED, adjective Having gaps or a chasm.

Chasselas

CHAS'SELAS, noun A sort of grape.

Chaste

CHASTE, adjective [French chaste; Armoric chast; Italian Spanish Portugese casto; from Latin castus. Saxon cusc, Dutch kuisch, German keusch, Swedish kysk, Russian chistei, are probably from the same root. Qu. Irish caidh. I suppose the primary sense to be, separate, from the oriental practice of sequestering females. If so, castus accords with the root of castle, Welsh cÃƒ-¢s; and at any rate, the word denotes purity, a sense taken from separation.]

1. Pure from all unlawful commerce of sexes. Applied to persons before marriage, it signifies pure from all sexual commerce, undefiled; applied to married persons, true to the marriage bed.

2. Free from obscenity.

While they behold your chaste conversation.

1 Peter 3.

3. In language, pure; genuine; uncorrupt; free from barbarous words and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant expressions.

Chaste-Eyed

CHA'STE-EYED, adjective Having modest'eyes.

Collins.

Chaste-Tree

CHA'STE-TREE, noun The agnus castus, or vitex; a tree that grows to the highth of eight or ten feet, producing spikes of flowers at the end of every strong shoot in autumn.

Miller.

Chastely

CHA'STELY, adverb In a chaste manner; without unlawful commerce of sexes; without obscenity; purely; without barbarisms or unnatural phrases.

Chasten

CHA'STEN, v. t. cha'sn. [French chÃƒ-¢tier, for chastier; Armoric castien; Russian chischu.]

1. To correct by punishment; to punish; to inflict pain for the purpose of reclaiming an offender; as, to chasten a son with a rod.

I will chasten him with the rod of men. 2 Samuel 7.

2. To afflict by other means.

As many as I love I rebuke and chasten. Revelation 3.

I chastened my soul with fasting. Ps. Ixix.

3. To purify from errors or faults.

Chastened

CHA'STENED, participle passive Corrected; punished; afflicted for correction.

Chastener

CHA'STENER, noun One who punishes, for the purpose of correction.

Chasteness

CHA'STENESS, noun Chastity; purity.

Chastening

CHA'STENING, participle of the present tense Correcting; afflicting for correction.

Chastening

CHA'STENING, noun Correction; punishment for the purpose of reclaiming.

No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous but grievous. Hebrews 12.

Chastisable

CHASTI'SABLE, adjective Deserving of chastisement.

Sherwood.

Chastise

CHASTI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [French chÃƒ-¢tier; Armoric castiza; from chaste, castus. The Latin castigo, Spanish Portugese castigar, Italian gastigare, are formed with a different termination. We have chastise from the Armoric dialect.]

1. To correct by punishing; to punish; to inflict pain by stripes, or in other manner, for the purpose of punishing an offender and recalling him to his duty.

I will chastise you seven times for your sins. Leviticus 26.

2. To reduce to order or obedience; to restrain; to awe; to repress.

The gay social sense,

By decency chastis'd.

Thomson.

3. To correct; to purify by expunging faults; as, to chastise a poem.

Chastised

CHASTI'SED, participle passive Punished; corrected.

Chastisement

CHAS'TISEMENT, noun [French chÃƒ-¢timent; Armoric castiz; from chaste.]

Correction; punishment; pain inflicted for punishment and correction, either by stripes or otherwise.

Shall I so much dishonour my fair stars,

On equal terms to give him chastisement.

Shak.

I have borne chastisement, I will not offend any more. Job 34.

The chastisement of our peace, in Scripture, was the pain which Christ suffered to purchase our peace and reconciliation to God. Isaiah 53.

Chastiser

CHASTI'SER, noun One who chastises; a punisher; a corrector.

Chastising

CHASTI'SING, participle of the present tense Punishing for correction; correcting.

Chastity

CHAS'TITY, noun [Latin castitas; French chastetÃƒ-©; Spanish castidad; Italian castitÃƒ- ; from Latin castus, chaste.]

1. Purity of the body; freedom from all unlawful commerce of sexes. Before marriage, purity from all commerce of sexes; after marriage, fidelity to the marriage bed.

2. Freedom from obscenity, as in language or conversation.

3. Freedom from bad mixture; purity in words and phrases.

4. Purity; unadulterated state; as the chastity of the gospel.

Gibbon.

Chat

CHAT, verb intransitive [German kosen, to talk or prattle; Irish ceadach, talkative; ceadac, a story or narrative; Spanish cotorra, a magpie; cotorrera, a hen-parrot, a talkative woman; Greek, to prate; Dutch koeteren, to jabber, and kwetteren, to chatter; kouten, id.]

1. To talk in a familiar manner; to talk without form or ceremony.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To talk idly; to prate.

Johnson.

Chat

CHAT, verb transitive To talk of. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Chat

CHAT, noun Free, familiar talk; idle talk; prate.

Chat

CHAT, noun A twig, or little stick. [See Chit.]

Chateau

CHAT'EAU, n. shat'o. [French a castle. See Castle.] A castle; a seat in the country.

Chatelet

CHAT'ELET, noun A little castle.

Chambers.

Chatellany

CHAT'ELLANY, noun [French chatellenie.] The lordship or jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. [See Castellany.]

Chatoyant

CHATOY'ANT, adjective [French chat, cat, and oeil, eye.]

Having a changeable, undulating luster, or color, like that of a cat's eye in the dark.

Chatoyant

CHATOY'ANT, noun A hard stone, a little transparent, which being cut smooth presents on its surface and in the interior, an undulating or wavy light. It is of a yellowish gray color or verging to an olive green. It rarely exceeds the size of a filbert.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Chatoyment

CHATOY'MENT, noun Changeable colors, or changeableness of color, in a mineral; play of colors.

Cleaveland.

Chattel

CHAT'TEL, n. chat'l. [See Cattle.] Primarily, any article of movable goods. In modern usage, the word chattels comprehends all goods, movable or immovable, except such as have the nature of freehold.

"Chattels are real or personal. Chattels real, are such as concern or savor of the realty, as a term for years of land, wardships in chivalry, the next presentation to a church, estates by statute merchant, elegit and the like. Chattels personal, are things movable, as animals, furniture of a house, jewels, corn, &c."

Blackstone.

Chatter

CHAT'TER, verb intransitive [See Chat.]

1. To utter sounds rapidly and indistinctly, as a magpie, or a monkey.

2. To make a noise by collision of the teeth. We say, the teeth chatter, when one is chilly and shivering.

3. To talk idly, carelessly or rapidly; to jabber.

Chatter

CHAT'TER, noun Sounds like those of a pie or monkey; idle talk.

Chatter-Box

CHAT'TER-BOX, noun One that talks incessantly.

Chatterer

CHAT'TERER, noun A prater; an idle talker.

Chattering

CHAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Uttering rapid, indistinct sounds, as birds; talking idly; moving rapidly and clashing, as the teeth.

Chattering

CHAT'TERING, noun Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds; idle talk; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness.

Chatting

CHAT'TING, participle of the present tense Talking familiarly.

Chatty

CHAT'TY, adjective Given to free conversation; talkative.

Chatwood

CHAT'WOOD, noun Little sticks; fuel.

Bailey. Johnson.

Chaumontelle

CHAUMONTELLE, noun [French] A sort of pear.

Chaun

CHAUN, noun A gap. [Not in use. See Yawn.]

Chaun

CHAUN, verb intransitive To open; to yawn. [Not in use.]

Chavender

CHAV'ENDER, or CHEV'EN, noun [French chevesne.] The chub, a fish.

Chaw

CHAW, verb transitive [Saxon ceowan; Dutch kaauwen; German kauen; Irish cagnaim, or cognaim; Armoric jaoga, or chaguein; coinciding with jaw, which in Armoric is javed, gaved or chagell, and as cheek and jaw are often united, this word coincides with Saxon ceac, ceoca. It is most correctly written and pronounced chaw; but chew is deemed most elegant.]

1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to ruminate, or to chew as the cud.

2. To ruminate in thought; to revolve and consider. Obs.

Chaw

CHAW, noun [a different spelling of jaw. See Chaw, supra.]

1. The jaw. Ezekiel 29:4. But in modern editions of the Bible it is printed jaw.

2. In vulgar language, a cud; as much as is put in the mouth at once.

Chawdron

CHAW'DRON, noun Entrails.

Shak.

Chay

CHAY, noun Chaya-root; the root of the Oldenlandia umbellata, used in dyeing red.

Cheap

CHEAP, adjective [Saxon ceap, cattle, business, or trade, a price, a pledge or pawn, a selling any thing that may be bought or sold; ceapian, cypan, to buy, to sell, to negotiate, to gain; Dutch koop, a bargain or purchase; "te koop zetten," to set to sale; "goed koop," cheap, good purchase; koopen, to buy; German kaufen; Danish kiÃƒ-¶ber; Swedish kÃƒ-¥pa; Russian kupayu; Latin caupo; to cheapen, to chaffer, chap-man, chap-book, to chop and change. The sense is a purchase, and good cheap is a good purchase or bargain. Hence probably, omitting good, we have cheap.]

1. Bearing a low price, in market; that may be purchased at a low price; that is, at a price as low or lower than the usual price of the article or commodity, or at a price less than the real value. The sense is always comparative; for a price deemed cheap at one time is considered dear at another.

It is a principle which the progress of political science has clearly established; a principle that illustrates at once the wisdom of the creator and the blindness of human cupidity, that it is cheaper to hire the labor of freemen than to compel the labor of slaves.

Latin Bacon.

2. Being of small value; common; not respected; as cheap beauty.

Make not yourself cheap in the eyes of the world.

Anon.

Cheap

CHEAP, noun Bargain; purchase; as in the phrases, good cheap, better cheap; the original phrases from which we have cheap.

Cheapen

CHE'APEN, v. t. che'apn. [Saxon ceapian. See Cheap, supra.]

1. To attempt to buy; to ask the price of a commodity; to chaffer.

To shops in crowds the daggled females fly,

Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy.

Swift.

2. To lessen value.

Dryden.

Cheapener

CHE'APENER, noun One who cheapens or bargains.

Cheaply

CHE'APLY, adverb At a small price; at a low rate.

Cheapness

CHE'APNESS, noun Lowness in price, considering the usual price, or real value.

Chear

CHEAR, [See Cheer.]

Cheat

CHEAT, verb transitive [Saxon ceatt. In Arabic gadaa, signifies to deceive, circumvent, seduce; to fail, to hide, to disguise, to defraud; kaida, signifies to deceive, to lay snares; Ethiopic chiet or hiet, signifies to cheat, to deceive, to defraud.]

1. To deceive and defraud in a bargain; to deceive for the purpose of gain in selling. Its proper application is to commerce, in which a person uses some arts, or misrepresentations, or withholds some facts, by which he deceives the purchaser.

2. To deceive by any artifice, trick or device, with a view to gain an advantage contrary to common honesty; as, to cheat a person at cards.

3. To impose on; to trick. It is followed by of or out of, and colloquially by into, as to cheat a child into a belief that a medicine is palatable.

Cheat

CHEAT, noun A fraud committed by deception; a trick; imposition; imposture.

2. A person who cheats; one guilty of fraud by deceitful practices.

Cheatableness

CHE'ATABLENESS, noun Liability to be cheated.

Hammond.

Cheat-Bread

CHE'AT-BREAD, noun Fine bread purchased, or not made in the family. [Little used.]

Cheated

CHE'ATED, participle passive Defrauded by deception.

Cheater

CHE'ATER, noun One who practices a fraud in commerce.

Cheating

CHE'ATING, participle of the present tense Defrauding by deception; imposing on.

Cheating

CHE'ATING, noun The act of defrauding by deceitful arts.

Check

CHECK, verb transitive [French echec, plu. echecs, which we have changed into chess; Spanish xaque, a move at chess; xaque de mate, check-mate; Portugese xaque, a check; xagoate, a rebuke. Spanish and Portugese xaquima, a halter; Italian scacco the squares of a chess-board; scacchi, chessmen; scacco-matte, check-mate; scaccato, checkered; Low Latin scaccarium, an exchequer, French echiquier; German schach, chess; schachmatt, check-mate; Dutch schaak, chess; schaak-mat, check-mate; Danish skak, chess, crooked, curving; skak-mat, check-mate; skakrer, to barter, chaffer, chop and change; Swedish schach, chess; schach-matt, check-mate; Russian schach, check, chess; schach-mat, check-mate. In Spanish xaque, xeque, is an old man, a shaik, and xaco, a jacket. These latter words seem to be the Arabic or; the latter is rendered to grow old, to be old, to blame or rebuke, under which we find shaik; the former signifies to use diligence, quasi, to bend to or apply; also, to abstain or turn aside. In Arabic we find also to doubt, hesitate, halt, and in Hebrew the same word signifies to still, allay, sink, stop or check, to obstruct or hedge; a hedge. We have, in these words, clear evidence of the manner, in which several modern nations express the Shemitic, or]

1. To stop; to restrain; to hinder; to curb. It signifies to put an entire stop to motion, or to restrain its violence, and cause an abatement; to moderate.

2. To rebuke; to chide or reprove.

Shak.

3. To compare any paper with its counterpart or with a cipher, with a view to ascertain its authenticity; to compare corresponding papers; to control by a counter-register.

4. In seamenship, to ease off a little of a rope, which is too stiffly extended; also, to stopper the cable.

Mar. Dict.

Check

CHECK, verb intransitive To stop; to make a stop; with at.

The mind checks at any vigorous undertaking.

Locke.

2. To clash or interfere.

I love to check with business.

Bacon.

3. To strike with repression.

Dryden.

[These applications are not frequent.]

Check

CHECK, noun A stop; hindrance; rebuff; sudden restraint, or continued restraint; curb; control; government.

2. That which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, rebuke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person; any stop or obstruction.

Shak. Dryden. Clarendon.

3. In falconry, when a hawk forsakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other fowls, that cross her in her flight.

Bailey. Encyc.

4. The correspondent cipher of a bank note; a corresponding indenture; any counter-register.

Johnson.

5. A term in chess, when one party obliges the other either to move or guard his king.

6. An order for money, drawn on a banker or on the cashier of a bank, payable to the bearer.

This is a sense derived from that in definition 4.

7. In popular use, checkered cloth; check, for checkered.

Check or check-roll, a roll or book containing the names of persons who are attendants and in the pay of a king or great personage, as domestic servants.

Bailey. Encyc.

Clerk of the check, in the British King's household, has the check and control of the yeomen of the guard, and all the ushers belonging to the royal family, the care of the watch, &c.

Bailey. Encyc.

Clerk of the check, in the British Royal Dock-Yards, is an officer who keeps a register of all the men employed on board his majesty's ships and vessels, and of all the artificers in the service of the navy, at the port where he is settled.

Checked

CHECK'ED, CHECKT, participle passive Stopped; restrained; repressed; curbed; moderated; controlled; reprimanded.

Checker

CHECK'ER, verb transitive [from check, or perhaps directly from the French echiquier, a chess board. Norm. escheqir, or chekere, exchequer.]

1. To variegate with cross lines; to form into little squares, like a chess board, by lines or stripes of different colors. Hence,

2. To diversify; to variegate with different qualities, scenes, or events.

Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and falsehood.

Addison.

Checker

CHECK'ER, noun One who checks or restrains; a rebuker.

2. A chess-board.

Checker

CHECK'ER, or CHECK'ER-WORK, noun Work varied alternately as to its colors or materials; work consisting of cross lines.

Checkers

CHECK'ERS, n. plu. A common game on a checkered board.

Checking

CHECK'ING, participle of the present tense Stopping; curbing; restraining; moderating; controlling; rebuking.

Checkless

CHECK'LESS, adjective That cannot be checked, or restrained.

Check-Mate

CHECK'-MATE, noun [See Check. Mate is from the root of the Spanish and Portugese matar, to kill. Arabic Chaldee Syriac Hebrew Ethiopic Samaritan moth, to die, to kill.]

1. The movement on a chess board or in the game of chess that kills the opposite men, or hinders them from moving, so that the game is finished.

2. Defeat; overthrow.

Spenser.

Check-Mate

CHECK'-MATE, verb transitive To finish.

Skelton.

Checky

CHECK'Y, noun In heraldry, a border that has more than two rows of checkers, or when the bordure or shield is checkered, like a chess-board.

Bailey. Encyc.

Cheek

CHEEK, noun [Saxon ceac, ceoca; Dutch kaak; this is probably the same word as jaw, French joue, Armoric gaved, javed, connected with jaoga, chaguein, to chaw, or chew, for the words chin, cheek and jaw, are confounded, the same word which, in one dialect, signifies the cheek, in another, signifies the jaw. Gena in Latin is the English chin.]

1. The side of the face below the eyes on each side.

2. Among mechanics, cheeks are those pieces of a machine which form corresponding sides, or which are double and alike; as the cheeks of a printing press, which stand perpendicular and support the three sommers, the head, shelves and winter; the cheeks of a turner's lathe; the cheeks of a glazier's vise; the cheeks of a mortar, and of a gun-carriage; the cheeks of a mast, which serve to sustain the trestle trees, &c.

Cheek by jowl, closeness, proximity.

Beaum.

Cheek-Bone

CHEE'K-BONE, noun The bone of the cheek.

Cheeked

CHEE'KED, adjective Brought near the cheek.

Cotton.

Cheek-Tooth

CHEE'K-TOOTH, noun The hinder tooth or tusk. Joel 1:6.

Cheep

CHEEP, verb intransitive To chirp, as a small bird.

Cheer

CHEER, verb transitive [French chÃƒ-¨re; Armoric cher, cheer, entertainment; Irish gairim, to call, shout, extol, rejoice; Greek, to rejoice, to hail or salute. The primary sense is to call out or shout, as in joy; a sense retained in jovial companies, to give cheers, and among seamen, to salute a ship by cheers. Orient. kara.]

1. To salute with shouts of joy, or cheers.

Mar. Dict.

2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence or apathy; to cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; as, to cheer a lonely desert; the cheering rays of the sun; good news cheers the heart.

3. To infuse life, spirit, animation; to incite; to encourage; as, to cheer the hounds.

Cheer

CHEER, verb intransitive To grow cheerful; to become gladsome, or joyous.

At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up.

Phillips.

Cheer up, my lads.

Cheer

CHEER, noun A shout of joy; as, they gave three cheers.

2. A state of gladness or joy; a state of animation, above gloom and depression of spirits, but below mirth, gayety and jollity.

Son, be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven thee. Matthew 9.

Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat. Acts 27.

3. Mirth; gayety; jollity; as at a feast.

4. Invitation to gayety.

Shak.

5. Entertainment; that which makes cheerful; provisions for a feast.

Shak.

The table was loaded with good cheer.

Irving.

6. Air of countenance, noting a greater or less degree of cheerfulness.

His words their drooping cheer Enlightened.

Milton.

Cheered

CHEE'RED, participle passive Enlivened; animated; made glad.

Cheerer

CHEE'RER, noun One who cheers; he or that which gladdens.

Thou cheerer of our days.

Wotton.

Prime cheerer, light.

Thomson.

Cheerful

CHEE'RFUL, adjective Lively; animated; having good spirits; moderately joyful. This is the most usual signification of the word, expressing a degree of animation less than mirth and jollity.

2. Full of life; gay; animated; mirthful; musical; as the cheerful birds.

3. Expressive of good spirits or joy; lively; animated.

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countÃƒ-ªnance. Proverbs 15.

Cheerfully

CHEE'RFULLY, adverb In a cheerful manner; with alacrity or willingness; readily; with life, animation or good spirits.

Cheerfulness

CHEE'RFULNESS, noun Life; animation; good spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.

He that showeth mercy, with cheerfulness. Romans 12.

Cheerily

CHEE'RILY, adverb With cheerfulness; with spirit.

Cheering

CHEE'RING, participle of the present tense Giving joy or gladness; enlivening; encouraging; animating.

Cheerishness

CHEE'RISHNESS, noun State of cheerfulness. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Cheerless

CHEE'RLESS, adjective Without joy, gladness, or comfort; gloomy; destitute of any thing to enliven or animate the spirits.

Spenser.

Cheerly

CHEE'RLY, adjective Gay; cheerful; not gloomy.

Cheerly

CHEE'RLY, adverb Cheerfully; heartily; briskly.

Cheery

CHEE'RY, adjective Gay; spirightly; having power to make gay.

Come, let us hie, and quaff a cheery bowl.

Gay.

Cheese

CHEESE, n. s as z. [Saxon cese, or cyse; Irish cais; Welsh caws; Cornish kes; Armoric caus; Latin caseus; Spanish queso; Portugese queijo; Dutch kaas; German kÃƒ-¤se; Basque, gasna or gazta. The primary sense is to curdle, to congeal, from collecting, drawing or driving, Welsh casiaw, to curdle. Perhaps it is allied to squeeze.]

1. The curd of milk, coagulated by rennet, separated from the serum or whey, and pressed in a vat, hoop or mold.

2. A mass of pumice or ground apples placed on a press.

New England.

Cheese-Cake

CHEE'SE-CAKE, noun A cake made of soft curds, sugar and butter.

Prior.

Cheese-Monger

CHEE'SE-MONGER, noun One who deals in or sells cheese.

B. Jonson.

Cheese-Paring

CHEE'SE-PARING, noun The rind or paring of cheese.

Beaum.

Cheese-Press

CHEE'SE-PRESS, noun A press, or engine for pressing curd in the making of cheese.

Gay.

Cheese-Rennet

CHEE'SE-RENNET, noun A plant, ladies bed-straw, Galium verum.

Cheese-Vat

CHEE'SE-VAT, noun The vat or case in which curds are confined for pressing.

Glanville.

Cheesy

CHEE'SY, adjective Having the nature, qualities, taste or form of cheese.

Chegoe

CHEG'OE, noun A tropical insect that enters the skin of the feet and multiplies incredibly, causing an itching.

Encyc.

Cheiropter

CHEI'ROPTER, noun [Greek, the hand, and, wing.]

An animal whose anterior toes are connected by a membrane, and whose feet thus serve for wings, as the bat.

Lunier.

Chelidon

CHEL'IDON, noun [Greek] A brown fly with silvery wings.

Cheliferous

CHELIF'EROUS, adjective [Greek, a claw, and Latin fero, to bear.] Furnished with claws, as an animal.

Cheliform

CHEL'IFORM, adjective [Latin chela, a claw, and form.] Having the form of a claw.

Chelmsfordite

CHELMS'FORDITE, noun A mineral arranged as a subspecies of schaalstein; found in Chelmsford, Massachusetts.

Cleaveland.

Chelonian

CHELO'NIAN, adjective [Greek, a tortoise.]

Pertaining to or designating animals of the tortoise kind.

Chely

CHEL'Y, noun [Latin chela, Greek, a claw.] The claw of a shell-fish.

Brown.

Chemical

CHEMICAL. [See Chimical.]

Chemically

CHEMICALLY. [See Chimically.]

Chemise

CHEMISE, noun [French chemise; Irish caimse, caimis; Spanish camisa; Italian camicia; Arabic kamitzon; Amh. id.]

1. A shift, or under garment worn by females.

2. A wall that lines the face of any work of earth.

Bailey.

Chemist

CHEMIST. [See Chimist.]

Chemistry

CHEMISTRY. [See Chimistry.]

Chequer

CHEQUER. [See Checker.]

Cheriff

CHER'IFF, noun written also Sheriff. The prince of Mecca; a high priest among the MohammÃƒ-¨dans.

Cherish

CHER'ISH, verb transitive [French cherir; Armoric cheriça;za; from French cher, dear; Welsh cir, bounty; ciriaw, to pity, to cherish. See Caress.]

1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to give warmth, ease or comfort to.

We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children. 1 Thessalonians 2.

The damsel was fair and cherished the king. 1 Kings 1.

2. To hold as dear; to embrace with affection; to foster, and encourage; as, to cherish the principles of virtue; to cherish religion in the heart.

3. To treat in a manner to encourage growth, by protection, aid, attendance, or supplying nourishment; as, to cherish tender plants.

4. To harbor; to indulge and encourage in the mind; as, to cherish ill will, or any evil passion.

Cherished

CHER'ISHED, participle passive Treated with tenderness; warmed; comforted; fostered.

Cherisher

CHER'ISHER, noun One who cherishes; an encourager; a supporter.

Cherishing

CHER'ISHING, participle of the present tense Warming; comforting; encouraging; fostering; treating with affection.

Cherishing

CHER'ISHING, noun Support; encouragement.

Cherishment

CHER'ISHMENT, noun Encouragement; comfort. [Not used.]

Chermes

CHERMES. [See Kermes.]

Cherry

CHER'RY, noun [French cerise; Latin cerasus; Italian ciriegia; Portugese cereja; Spanish cereza; Armoric geresen; Dutch kars, or kriek; German kirsche; Swedish kirsbar; Danish kirseboer; so named, it is said, from Cerasus, a city in Pontus, near the Euxine, whence the tree was imported into Italy.]

The fruit of a tree, a species of Prunus, of which there are many varieties, as the red or garden cherry, the red heart, the white heart, the black cherry, the black heart, and several others. The fruit is a pulp inclosing a kernel. It is related that this fruit was brought from Cerasus in Pontus to Italy, after the defeat of Mithridates by Lucullus, A R. 680., and introduced into England by the Romans, about 120 years afterwards, A. Dutch 55.

Barbadoes cherry, is the genus Malpighia, of several species. The berries are red, cherry-shaped, acid and eatable.

Bird cherry, is a species of Prunus, the common laurel or lauro-cerasus.

Lee.

Also, the Prunus padus.

Encyc.

Cornelian cherry, is the fruit of the Cornus, cornel-tree or dogwood. It is a small, acid, cherry-like, eatable berry.

Dwarf cherry, is the fruit of a species of Lonicera, or honey-suckle.

Hottentot-cherry, is the fruit of a species of Cassine. The fruit is a trispermous berry of a dark purple color.

Winter-cherry, is a name of the fruit of the Physalis, a genus of many species. It is a berry of the size of a small cherry, inclosed in an inflated, bladder-like calyx. This name is also given to a species of Solanum.

Fam. of Plants.

Cherry

CHER'RY, adjective Like a red cherry in color; red, ruddy, blooming; as a cherry lip; cherry cheeks.

Cherry

CHER'RY, noun A cordial composed of cherry juice and spirit, sweetened, and diluted. The wild cherry is most generally used for this purpose, being steeped for some days in spirit, which extracts the juice of the fruit; the tincture is then sweetened and diluted to the taste. This cordial is moderately bitter and astringent. It is sometimes made of the mazzard.

Cherry-Cheeked

CHER'RY-CHEEKED, adjective Having ruddy cheeks.

Congreve.

Cherry-Pit

CHER'RY-PIT, noun A child's play, in which cherry stones are thrown into a hole.

Shak.

Cherry-Tree

CHER'RY-TREE, noun A tree whose fruit is cherries, in the more appropriate sense of the word. The name is mostly given to the common cultivated trees, and to that which produces the black wild cherry. The wood of the latter is valued for cabinet work.

Chersonese

CHER'SONESE, noun [Greek; land or uncultivated land, and, an isle.]

A peninsula; a tract of land of any indefinite extent, which is nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; as the Cimbric Chersonese or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese, or Crimea.

Chert

CHERT, noun In mineralogy, a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz; called also hornstone, petrosilex or rock flint. It is less hard than common quartz; its fracture usually dull and splintery, sometimes more or less conchoidal. It is more or less translucent, sometimes at the edges, and sometimes the whole mass, if thin, has the strong translucency of certain horns. Its colors are numerous and usually dull. It is usually amorphous, sometimes globular, or in nodules. It occurs often in veins, especially metallic, in primitive mountains.

Jameson. Cleaveland.

Chert is also applied to other minerals besides hornstone. Aikin calls a variety of flint, flinty chert, and the Derbyshire miners apply the term, black chert, to a fusible mineral, whereas the hornstone above described is infusible.

Cherty

CHERT'Y, adjective Like chert; flinty.

Pennant.

Cherub

CHER'UB, noun plu. cherubs, but the Hebrew plural cherubim is also used. [Hebrew kerub. In Chaldee and Syriac the corresponding verb signifies to plow; and the word is said to signify properly any image or figure; if so, it may have been named from engraving. But this is uncertain, and the learned are not agreed on the signification.]

A figure composed of various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle or a lion. The first mention of cherubs is in Genesis 3:24where the figure is not described, but their office was, with a flaming sword, to keep or guard the way of the tree of life. The two cherubs which Moses was commanded to make at the ends of the Mercy seat, were to be of beaten work of gold; and their wings were to extend over the Mercy seat; their faces towards each other, and between them was the residence of the Deity. Exodus 25. The cherubs, in Ezekiel's vision, had each four heads or faces, the hands of a man and wings. The four faces were, the face of a bull, that of a man, that of a lion, and that of an eagle. They had the likeness of a man. Ezekiel 4 and 10. In 2 Samuel 22:11. and Psalm 18., Jehovah is represented as riding on a cherub, and flying on the wings of the wind. In the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spirits next in order to seraphs. The hieroglyphical and emblematical figures embroidered on the vails of the tabernacle are called cherubs of curious or skilful work. Exodus 26.

Cherubic

CHER'UBIC, or CHERU'BIC, adjective [The accent is usually laid on the second syllable, but improperly.]

Pertaining to cherubs; angelic.

Sheldon.

Cherubim

CHER'UBIM, noun The Hebrew plural of cherub.

Cherubin

CHER'UBIN, adjective Cherubic; angelic.

Shak.

Cherubin

CHER'UBIN, noun A cherub.

Dryden.

Cherup

CHER'UP, a corruption of chirp, which see.

Chervil

CHER'VIL, noun [Saxon cerfille, a contraction of Latin choerophyllum; Greek, to rejoice, and, leaf.]

A genus of plants, two species of which are called cow-weed.

Chesapeak

CHES'APEAK, noun A bay of the U. States, whose entrance is between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, and which extends northerly into Maryland 270 miles. It receives the waters of the Susquehannah, Potomack, Rappahannock, York, and James Rivers.

Chesible

CHES'IBLE, noun [Old French casuble.] A short vestment without sleeves, worn by a popish priest at mass.

Bale.

Cheslip

CHES'LIP, noun A small vermin that lies under stones and tiles.

Skinner.

Chess

CHESS, noun [French echecs. See Check.] An ingenious game performed by two parties with different pieces, on a checkered board, that is, a board divided into sixty four squares or houses. The success of the game depends almost entirely on skill. Each gamester has eight dignified pieces, called a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, and two rooks or castles; also eight pawns. The pieces of the parties are of different colors.

Encyc.

Chess

CHESS, noun [I do not find this word in any English Dictionary; nor do I know its origin or affinities. In Persian, chas or gas, signifies evil, depraved, and a useless weed.]

In New England, that weed which grows among wheat, and is supposed to be wheat degenerated or changed, as it abounds most in fields where the wheat is winter-killed. It bears some resemblance to oats. This fact is mentioned by Pliny, Nat. Hist. Lib. 18. Ca. 17. Primum omnium frumenti vitium avena est: et hordeum in eam degenerat. This change of wheat and barley into oats, he ascribes to a moist soil, wet weather, bad seed, &c. This opinion coincides with observations in America, as wheat is most liable to perish in moist land, and often in such places, almost all the wheat is killed, and instead of it chess often appears.

Chess-Apple

CHESS'-APPLE, noun A species of wild service.

Chess-Board

CHESS'-BOARD, noun The board used in the game of chess, and from the squares of which chess has its name.

Chess-Man

CHESS'-MAN, noun A piece or puppet, for the game of chess.

Chess-Player

CHESS'-PLAYER, noun One who plays chess; one skilled in the game of chess.

Chess-Tree

CHESS'-TREE, noun In ships, a piece of wood bolted perpendicularly on the side to confine the clews of the main sail.

Chessom

CHESS'OM, noun Mellow earth.

Bacon.

Chest

CHEST, noun [Saxon cest or cyst; Latin cista; Welsh cist; Irish cisde; Greek; German kiste; Dutch kist; Swedish kista; Danish kiste. See Chestnut.]

1. A box of wood or other material, in which goods are kept or transported. It differs from a trunk in not being covered with skin or leather.

2. The trunk of the body from the neck to the belly; the thorax. Hence, broad-chested, narrow-chested, having a broad or narrow chest.

3. In commerce, a certain quantity; as a chest of sugar; a chest of indigo; &c.

Chest of drawers is a case of movable boxes called drawers.

Chest

CHEST, verb transitive To reposit in a chest; to hoard.

Johnson.

Chest-Foundering

CHEST'-FOUNDERING, noun A disease in horses, like the pleurisy or peripneumony in the human body.

Farrier's Dict.

Chestnut

CHEST'NUT, noun [Saxon cystel, and the tree in Saxon is cystbeam or cystenbeam; Latin castanea, the tree and the nut; French chataigne; Armoric gistenen, or gestenen; Welsh castan; Spanish castaÃƒ-±a; Portugese castanha; Italian castagna; German kastanie; Swedish Danish kastanie; from Welsh cast, envelopment, the root of castle, from separating, defending; so named from its shell or cover.]

The fruit, seed or nut of a tree belonging to the genus Fagus. It is inclosed in a prickly pericarp, which contains two or more seeds.

Chestnut

CHEST'NUT, adjective Being of the color of a chestnut; of a brown color. It is perhaps rarely used as a noun.

Chestnut-Tree

CHEST'NUT-TREE, noun The tree which produces the chestnut. This tree grows to a great size, with spreading branches. It is one of the most valuable timber trees, as the wood is very durable, and forms in America the principal timber for fencing. The timber is also used in building, and for vessels of various kinds.

Dwarf-chestnut, or chinkapin, is another species of Fagus.

Horse-chestnut, is a tree of the genus AEsculus. The common tree of this sort is a native of the North of Asia, and admired for the beauty of its flowers. It is used for shade and ornament, and its nuts are esteemed good food for horses. The scarlet-flowering horse-chestnut is a native of Carolina, Brazil and the East, and is admired for its beauty.

The Indian Rose-chestnut, of the genus Mesua, bears a nut, roundish, pointed and marked with four elevated longitudinal sutures.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Cheston

CHES'TON, noun A species of plum.

Johnson.

Chevachie

CHEV'ACHIE, noun An expedition with cavalry. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Cheval De Frise

CHEVAL DE FRISE, generally used in the plural, chevaux de frise, pronounced shevo de freez. [French cheval, a horse, and frise, any thing curled, rough, entangled; the horse of frise, or frizzled horse. Hence called also turnpike, tourniquet.]

1. A piece of timber traversed with wooden spikes, pointed with iron, five or six feet long; used to defend a passage, stop a breach, or make a retrenchment to stop cavalry.

2. A kind of trimming.

Chevalier

CHEVALIE'R, noun [French from cheval, a horse; Spanish caballero. See Cavalry.]

1. A knight; a gallant young man.

Shak.

2. In heraldry, a horseman armed at all points.

Encyc.

Cheven

CHEV'EN, noun [French chevesne.] A river fish, the chub.

Cheveril

CHEV'ERIL, noun [French chevreau, a kid, from chevre, a goat, Latin caper, Welsh gavar, Armoric gavricq, gavr.]

A kid, or rather leather made of kid-skin; used as a noun or adjective.

Shak.

Cheverilize

CHEV'ERILIZE, verb transitive To make as pliable as kid-leather.

Montagu.

Chevisance

CHEV'ISANCE, n. s as z. [French chevir, to come to the end, to perform, to prevail, from chef, the head, literally the end. See Chief and Achieve.]

1. Achievement; deed; performance; enterprize accomplished.

Obs. Spenser.

2. In law, a making of contracts; a bargain. Stat. 13 Eliz. 7.

3. An unlawful agreement or contract. 21 James. 17.

4. An agreement or composition, as an end or order set down between a creditor and his debtor.

Encyc.

Chevron

CHEV'RON, noun [French a rafter; Welsh ceber; Armoric gebr.]

In heraldry, an honorable ordinary, representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top.

Bailey.

Chevroned

CHEV'RONED, adjective Having a chevron, or the form of it.

B. Jonson.

Chevrotain

CHEVROTA'IN, noun [from French chevre, a goat.] The smallest of the antelope kind.

Chew

CHEW, verb transitive [Saxon ceowan; Dutch kaauwen; German kauen. See Chaw.]

1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food, to prepare it for deglutition and digestion.

2. To ruminate in the thoughts; to meditate; as, to chew revenge.

Shak.

3. To champ; to bite, hold or roll about in the mouth; as, to chew tobacco.

4. To taste, without swallowing.

Shak.

Chew

CHEW, verb intransitive To champ upon; to ruminate.

Old politicians chew on wisdom past.

Pope.

Chew

CHEW, noun That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Vulgar.]

Chewed

CHEW'ED, participle passive Ground by the teeth; masticated.

Chewet

CHEW'ET, noun A kind of pie, made with chopped substances.

Chewing

CHEW'ING, participle of the present tense Grinding with the teeth; masticating; ruminating; meditating; champing.

Chia

CHI'A, noun A beautiful Mexican plant.

Chian

CHI'AN, adjective Pertaining to Chios, an isle in the Levant.

Chian earth, a medicinal, dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios, used anciently as an astringent, and a cosmetic.

Encyc.

Chian turpentine, or Cyprus turpentine, is procured from the Pistacia Terebinthus. It is of the consistence of honey, clear and of a yellowish white.

Chiastolite

CHIAS'TOLITE, noun [Greek, decussated.]

A mineral, called also macle, whose crystals are arranged in a peculiar manner. The form of the crystals is a four-sided prism, whose bases are rhombs, differing little from squares. But each crystal, when viewed at its extremities, or on a transverse section, is obviously composed of two very different substances; and its general aspect is that of a black prism, passing longitudinally through the axis of another prism which is whitish. The term macle, as the name of a distinct species, applies to the whitish prisms only.

Cleaveland.

Chibbal

CHIB'BAL, noun [French ciboule.] A small sort of onion.

Beaum.

Chicane

CHICA'NE, noun [French chicane; Armoric cican or cicanerez. Qu. Greek, a Sicilian, a cheat. Lunier.]

1. In law, shift; turn; trick; cavil; an abuse of judiciary proceedings, by artifices, unfair practices, or idle objections, which tend to perplex a cause, puzzle the judge, or impose on a party, and thus to delay or pervert justice.

2. In disputes, sophistry; distinctions and subtleties, that tend to perplex the question and obscure the truth.

Locke.

3. Any artifice or stratagem.

Prior.

Chicane

CHICA'NE, verb intransitive [French chicaner.] To use shifts, cavils or artifices.

Chicaner

CHICA'NER, noun [French chicaneur.] One who uses shifts, turns, evasions or undue artifices, in litigation or disputes; a caviller; a sophister; an unfair disputant.

Locke.

Chicanery

CHICA'NERY, noun [French chicanerie.] Sophistry; mean or unfair artifices to perplex a cause and obscure the truth.

Chiches

CHICH'ES, n. plu. Dwarf peas.

Chichling

CHICH'LING, or CHICKLING-VETCH, noun A vetch or pea, of the genus Lathyrus, used in Germany for food, but inferior to other kinds.

Miller.

Chick

CHICK, verb intransitive To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate.

Todd.

Chick

CHICK, or CHICK'EN, noun [Saxon cicen; Dutch kuiken; German kÃƒ-¼chlein. Qu. Russian chikayu, to peep.]

1. The young of fowls, particularly of the domestic hen, or gallinaceous fowls.

2. A person of tender years.

3. A word of tenderness.

Chicken-Hearted

CHICK'EN-HEARTED, adjective Timid; fearful; cowardly.

Chicken-Pox

CHICK'EN-POX, noun A mild contagious eruptive disease, generally appearing in children.

Chickling

CHICK'LING, noun A small chick or chicken.

Chick-Pea

CHICK'-PEA, noun [Latin cicer; German kicher; Spanish chicharo.]

A plant or pea, constituting the genus Cicer; a native of Spain, where it is used in olios. It is smaller than the common pea.

Chick-Weed

CHICK'-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Alsine, which includes many species. The common chick-weed, with white blossoms, affords a remarkable instance of the sleep of plants; for, at night, the leaves approach in pairs, and inclose the tender rudiments of the young shoots. The leaves are cooling and nutritive, and are deemed excellent food for persons of a consumptive habit. They are deemed useful also for swelled breasts.

Encyc. Wiseman.

Chide

CHIDE, verb transitive pret. chid, [chode is obs.]; part. chid, chidden. [Saxon cidan, chidan, to chide, to scold; Welsh cozi, to chide, to press, to straiten; Chaldee, to scold, to brawl, to fight. Qu. Welsh cad, a battle.] Literally, to scold; to clamor; to utter noisy words; that is, to drive. Hence,

1. To scold at; to reprove; to utter words in anger, or by way of disapprobation; to rebuke; as, to chide one for his faults.

2. To blame; to reproach; as, to chide folly or negligence.

To chide from or chide away, is to drive away by scolding or reproof.

Chide

CHIDE, verb intransitive To scold; to clamor; to find fault; to contend in words of anger; sometimes followed by with.

The people did chide with Moses. Exodus 17.

2. To quarrel.

Shak.

3. To make a rough, clamorous, roaring noise; as the chiding flood.

Shak.

Chide

CHIDE, noun Murmur; gentle noise.

Thomson.

Chider

CHI'DER, noun One who chides, clamors, reproves or rebukes.

Chideress

CHI'DERESS, noun A female who chides. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Chiding

CHI'DING, participle of the present tense Scolding; clamoring; rebuking; making a harsh or continued noise.

Chiding

CHI'DING, noun A scolding or clamoring; rebuke; reproof.

Chidingly

CHI'DINGLY, adverb In a scolding or reproving manner.

Chief

CHIEF, adjective [French chef, the head, that is, the top or highest point; Norm. chief; Spanish xefe; Irish ceap; Italian capo. It is evidently from the same root as the Latin caput, Greek, and cape, but through the Celtic, probably from shooting, extending.]

1. Highest in office or rank; principal; as a chief priest; the chief butler. Genesis 40:9.

Among the chief rulers, many believed on him. John 12.

2. Principal or most eminent, in any quality or action; most distinguished; having most influence; commanding most respect; taking the lead; most valuable; most important; a word of extensive use; as a country chief in arms.

The hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass. Ez. 9.

Agriculture is the chief employment of men.

3. First in affection; most dear and familiar.

A whisperer separateth chief friends. Proverbs 16.

Chief

CHIEF, noun A commander; particularly a military commander; the person who heads an army; equivalent to the modern terms, commander or general in chief, captain general, or generalissimo. 1 Chaldee xi.

2. The principal person of a tribe, family, or congregation, &c. Numbers 3. Job 29. Matthew 20.

3. In chief, in English law, in capite. To hold land in chief is to hold it directly from the king by honorable personal services.

Blackstone.

4. In heraldry, chief signifies the head or upper part of the escutcheon, from side to side, representing a man's head. In chief, imports something borne in this part.

Encyc.

5. In Spenser, it seems to signify something like achievement, a mark of distinction; as, chaplets wrought with a chief.

Johnson.

6. This word is often used, in the singular number, to express a plurality.

I took the chief of your tribes, wise men and known, and made them heads over you. Deuteronomy 1:15.

These were the chief of the officers, that were over Solomon's work. 1 Kings 9.

In these phrases, chief may have been primarily an adjective, that is, chief men, chief persons.

7. The principal part; the most or largest part, of one thing or of many.

The people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of the things which should have been utterly destroyed. 1 Samuel 15.

He smote the chief of their strength. Psalm 68.

The chief of the debt remains unpaid.

Chief

CHIEF, adverb Chiefly.

Chiefage

CHIE'FAGE, or CHE'VAGE, noun A tribute by the head. Obs.

Chambers.

Chiefdom

CHIE'FDOM, noun Sovereignty.

Spenser.

Chiefless

CHIE'FLESS, adjective Without a chief or leader.

Pope.

Chiefly

CHIE'FLY, adverb Principally; eminently; in the first place.

It chiefly concerns us to obey the divine precepts.

2. For the most part.

In the parts of the kingdom where the estates of the dissenters chiefly lay.

Swift.

Chiefrie

CHIE'FRIE, noun A small rent paid to the lord paramount.

Spenser's Ireland.

Chieftain

CHIE'FTAIN, noun [from chief, Norm. cheventeins, formed like captain, capitaine.]

A captain, leader or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army or clan. It is most commonly used in the latter sense. The chieftains of the Highland clans in Scotland, were the principal noblemen and gentlemen.

Encyc.

Chieftainry

CHIE'FTAINRY, or CHIE'FTAINSHIP, noun Headship; captaincy; the government over a clan.

Johnson. Smollett.

Chievance

CHIE'VANCE, noun [Norm. chivisance. See Chevisance.]

An unlawful bargain; traffick in which money is extorted. Obs.

Bacon.

Chieve

CHIEVE or CHIVE, verb intransitive [French chevir. See Achieve.] To come to an end; to issue; to succeed. Obs.

Chaucer.

Chilblain

CHIL'BLAIN, noun [chill, Saxon cele, cold, and blain.]

A blain or sore produced by cold; a tumor affecting the hands and feet, accompanied with inflammation, pain, and sometimes ulceration.

Encyc.

Child

CHILD, noun plu. chil'dren. [Saxon cild; in Danish kuld is progeny, kulde is coldness, and kuler is to blow strong. Child is undoubtedly issue, that which is produced.]

1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of parents; applied to the human race, and chiefly to a person when young. The term is applied to infants from their birth; but the time when they cease ordinarily to be so called, is not defined by custom. In strictness, a child is the shoot, issue or produce of the parents, and a person of any age, in respect to the parents, is a child.

An infant.

Hagar cast the child under one of the shrubs. Genesis 21.

It signifies also a person of more advanced years.

Jephtha's daughter was his only child. Judges 11.

The child shall behave himself proudly. Isaiah 3.

A curse will be on those who corrupt the morals of their children.

J. Clarke.

The application of child to a female in opposition to a male, as in Shakspeare, is not legitimate.

2. One weak in knowledge, experience, judgment or attainments; as, he is a mere child.

Behold, I cannot speak, for I am a child. Jeremiah 1.

3. One young in grace. 1 John 2.

One who is humble and docile. Matthew 18.

One who is unfixed in principles. Ephesians 4.

4. One who is born again, spiritually renewed and adopted; as a child of God.

5. One who is the product of another; or whose principles and morals are the product of another.

Thou child of the devil. Acts 13.

That which is the product or effect of something else.

This noble passion, child of integrity.

Shak.

6. In the plural, the descendants of a man however remote; as the children of Israel; the children of Edom.

7. The inhabitants of a country; as the children of Seir. 2 Chronicles 25.

To be with child, to be pregnant. Genesis 16:11. xix. 36.

Child

CHILD, verb intransitive To bring children. [Not used.]

Shak.

Child-Bearing

CHILD-BEARING, adjective or participle of the present tense [See Bear.] Bearing or producing children.

Child-Bearing

CHILD-BEARING, noun The act of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.

Milton. Addison.

Childbed

CHILDBED, noun [child and bed.] The state of a woman bringing forth a child or being in labor; parturition.

Childbirth

CHILDBIRTH, noun [child and birth.] The act of bringing forth a child; travail; labor; as the pains of childbirth.

Taylor.

Childed

CHILDED, adjective Furnished with a child. [Not used.]

Shak.

Childermas Day

CHILD'ERMAS DAY, noun [child, mass and day.]

An anniversary of the church of England, held on the 28th of December, in commemoration of the children of Bethlehem slain by Herod; called also Innocents' Day.

Bailey. Encyc.

Childhood

CHILD'HOOD, noun [Saxon cildhad. See Hood.]

1. The state of a child, or the time in which persons are children, including the time from birth to puberty. But in a more restricted sense, the state or time from infancy to puberty. Thus we say, infancy, childhood, youth and manhood.

Childhood and youth are vanity.

Ecclesiastes 11.

2. The properties of a child.

Dryden.

Childing

CHILDING, participle of the present tense [The verb to child is not now used.] Bearing children; producing; as childing women.

Arbuthnot.

Childish

CHILDISH, adjective Belonging to a child; trifling; puerile.

When I became a man, I put away childish things. 1 Corinthians 13.

2. Pertaining to a child; as childish years or age; childish sports.

3. Pertaining to children; ignorant; silly; weak; as childish fear.

Childishly

CHILDISHLY, adverb In the manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.

Childishness

CHILDISHNESS, noun Triflingness, puerility, the state or qualities of a child, in reference to manners. But in reference to the mind, simplicity, harmlessness, weakness of intellect.

Childless

CHILDLESS, adjective Destitute of children or offspring. 1. Samaritan xv. 33.

Childlike

CHILDLIKE, adjective Resembling a child or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful; as childlike obedience.

Childly

CHILDLY, adjective Like a child.

Children

CHIL'DREN, noun plu. of child.

Chiliad

CHIL'IAD, noun [Greek, from, a thousand.]

1. A thousand; a collection or sum, containing a thousand individuals or particulars.

Holder.

2. The period of a thousand years.

Encyc.

Chiliagon

CHIL'IAGON, noun [Greek, a thousand, and, a corner.]

A plain figure of a thousand angles and sides.

Math. Dict.

Chiliahedron

CHILIAHE'DRON, noun [Greek, a thousand, and, a base.]

A figure of a thousand equal sides.

Chiliarch

CHIL'IARCH, noun [Greek, a thousand, and, a chief.]

The military commander or chief of a thousand men.

Chiliarchy

CHIL'IARCHY, noun A body consisting of a thousand men.

Mitford.

Chiliast

CHIL'IAST, noun [Supra.] One of the sect of Millenarians.

Chilifactive

CHILIFAC'TIVE. [See Chylifactive.]

Chilioliter

CHILIOL'ITER. [See Kiloliter.]

Chiliometer

CHILIOM'ETER. [See Kilometer.]

Chill

CHILL, noun [Saxon cele, cyle, cyl, cold; celan, to be cold; Dutch kil; allied to French geler, Latin gelo, gelidus. See Cold, which appears to be radically the same word. The word cele in Saxon is a noun.]

1. A shivering with cold; rigors, as in an ague; the cold fit that precedes a fever; sensation of cold in an animal body; chilliness. [See Cold and Heat.]

2. A moderate degree of cold; chilliness in any body; that which gives the sensation of cold.

Chill

CHILL, adjective Cool; moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; as the chill vapors of night.

2. Shivering with cold.

My chill veins freeze with despair.

Rowe.

3. Cool; distant; formal; dull; not warm, animated or affectionate; as a chill reception.

4. Depressed; dispirited; dejected; discouraged.

Chill

CHILL, verb transitive To cause a shivering, or shrinking of the skin; to check circulation or motion; as, to chill the blood, or the veins. The force of this word lies in expressing the shivering and shrinking caused by cold.

2. To make cold, or cool; as, the evening air chills the earth.

3. To blast with cold; to check the circulation in plants, and stop their growth.

Blackmore.

4. To check motion, life or action; to depress; to deject; to discourage; as, to chill the gayety of the spirits.

Rogers.

Chilled

CHILL'ED, participle passive Made cool; made to shiver; dejected.

Chilli

CHIL'LI, noun A Mexican plant, Guinea pepper.

Chilliness

CHILL'INESS, noun A sensation of shivering; rigors.

2. A moderate degree of coldness; as the chilliness of the air, which tends to cause a shivering.

Chilling

CHILL'ING, participle of the present tense Cooling; causing to shiver.

Chillness

CHILL'NESS, noun Coolness; coldness; a shivering.

Chilly

CHILL'Y, adjective Cool; moderately cold, such as to cause shivering; as a chilly day, night, or air.

Chilogram

CHIL'OGRAM. [See Kilogram.]

Chimb

CHIMB, noun [See Chime.]

Chime

CHIME, noun [Chaucer, chimbe; Danish kimer, to tinkle, to tingle, to toll a bell; Latin campana, a bell, from its sound, whence Italian scampanare, to chime.]

1. The consonant or harmonic sounds of several correspondent instruments.

Instruments that made melodious chime.

Milton.

2. Correspondence of sound.

LoveÃ‚--harmonized the chime.

Dryden.

3. The musical sounds of bells, struck with hammers.

Shak.

4. Correspondence of proportion or relation.

Grew.

5. A kind of periodical music, or tune of a clock, produced by an apparatus annexed to it.

6. A set of bells which chime, or ring in harmony.

Chime

CHIME, verb intransitive To sound in consonance or harmony; to accord.

To make the rough recital aptly chime.

Prior.

2. To correspond in relation or proportion.

Father and son, husband and wife, correlative terms, do readily chime.

Locke.

3. To agree; to fall in with.

He often chimed in with the discourse.

Arbuthnot.

4. To agree; to suit with.

Locke.

5. To jingle; to clatter.

Smith.

The sely tonge may wel ringe and chimbe.

Chaucer.

Chime

CHIME, verb transitive To move, strike, or cause to sound in harmony.

Dryden.

2. To strike or cause to sound, as a set of bells.

Chime

CHIME, noun [Dutch kim; German kimme, edge, brim.]

The edge or brim of a cask or tub, formed by the ends of the staves.

Chimer

CHI'MER, noun One who chimes.

Chimera

CHIME'RA, noun [Latin chimoera; Greek, a goat, a monstrous beast.]

1. In fabulous history, a monster with three heads, that of a lion, of a goat, and of a dragon, vomiting flames. The foreparts of the body were those of a lion, the middle was that of a goat, and the hinder parts were those of a dragon; supposed to represent a volcanic mountain in Lycia, whose top was the resort of lions, the middle, that of goats, and the foot, that of serpents. Hence,

2. In modern usage, a vain or idle fancy; a creature of the imagination, composed of contradictions or absurdities, that can have no existence except in thought.

Encyc.

Chimerical

CHIMER'ICAL, adjective Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived; that has, or can have no existence except in thought.

Chimerically

CHIMER'ICALLY, adverb Wildly; vainly; fancifully; fantastically.

Chimical

CHIM'ICAL, adjective [See Chimistry.] Pertaining to chimistry; as a chimical operation.

2. Resulting from the operation of the principles of bodies by decomposition, combination, &c.; as chimical changes.

3. According to the principles of chimistry; as a chimical combination.

Chimically

CHIM'ICALLY, adverb According to chimical principles; by chimical process or operation.

Chiminage

CHIM'INAGE, noun [French chemin; Spanish camino, a way.]

In law, a toll for passage through a forest.

Cowel. Bailey.

Chiming

CHI'MING, participle of the present tense [from chime.] Causing to chime; sounding in accordance.

Chimist

CHIM'IST; noun A person versed in chimistry; a professor of chimistry.

Chimistry

CHIM'ISTRY, noun [French chimie; Spanish chimia; Italian and Portugese chimica. The orthography of this word has undergone changes through a mere ignorance of its origin, than which nothing can be more obvious. It is the Arabic kimia, the occult art or science, from kamai, to conceal. This was originally the art or science now called alchimy; the art of converting baser metals into gold. The order of Diocletian, directing search to be made for books treating of the wonderful art of making gold and silver, and all that should be found to be committed to the flames, proves the origin of this art to be as remote as the close of the third century, and it was probably somewhat earlier. Gibbon, Chaldee 13. It is not improbable that this art was used in counterfeiting coins. The common orthography is from, to melt or fuse; the old orthography was from, the same word, differently written; both having no foundation, but a random guess. If lexicographers and writers had been contented to take the orthography of the nations in the south of Europe, where the origin of the word was doubtless understood, and through whom the word was introduced into England, the orthography would have been settled, uniform, and corresponding exactly with the pronunciation.]

Chimistry is a science, the object of which is to discover the nature and properties of all bodies by analysis and synthesis.

Macquer.

Chimistry is that science which explains the intimate mutual action of all natural bodies.

Fourcroy.

Analysis or decomposition, and synthesis or combination, are the two methods which chimistry uses to accomplish its purposes.

Fourcroy. Hooper.

Chimistry may be defined, the science which investigates the composition of material substances, and the permanent changes of constitution which their mutual actions produce.

Ure.

Chimistry may be defined, that science, the object of which is to discover and explain the changes of composition that occur among the integrant and constituent parts of different bodies.

Henry.

Chimistry is the science which treats of those events and changes in natural bodies, which are not accompanied by sensible motions.

Thomson.

Chimistry is justly considered as a science, but the practical operations may be denominated an art.

Chimney

CHIM'NEY, noun plu. chimneys. [French cheminÃƒ-©e; Armoric ciminal, or cheminal; German kamin; Cornish chimbla; Irish simileur; Spanish chimenea; Italian cammino; Latin caminus; Chaldee; Arabic; Greek; Russian kamin. It seems originally to have been a furnace, a stove, or a hearth.]

1. In architecture, a body of brick or stone, erected in a building, containing a funnel or funnels, to convey smoke, and other volatile matter through the roof, from the hearth or fire-place, where fuel is burnt. This body of materials is sometimes called a stack of chimneys, especially when it contains two or more funnels, or passages.

2. A fireplace; the lower part of the body of brick or stone which confines and conveys smoke.

Chimney-Corner

CHIM'NEY-CORNER, noun The corner of a fire-place, or the space between the fire and the sides of the fire-place. In the Northern States of America, fire-places were formerly made six or eight feet wide, or even more, and a stool was placed by the side of the fire, as a seat for children, and this often furnished a comfortable situation for idlers. As fuel has become scarce, our fire-places are contracted, till, in many or most of our dwellings, we have no chimney-corners.

2. In a more enlarged sense, the fire-side, or a place near the fire.

Chimney-Hook

CHIM'NEY-HOOK, noun A hook for holding pots and kettles over a fire.

Chimney-Money

CHIM'NEY-MONEY, noun Hearth-money, a duty paid for each chimney in a house.

Eng.

Chimney-Piece

CHIM'NEY-PIECE, noun An ornamental piece of wood or stone set round a fire-place.

Chimney-Sweeper

CHIM'NEY-SWEEPER, noun One whose occupation is to sweep and scrape chimneys, to clean them of the soot that adheres to their sides.

Chimpanzee

CHIMPAN'ZEE, noun An animal of the ape kind, a variety of the ourang-outang.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

It is now considered a distinct species.

Cuvier.

Chin

CHIN, noun [Saxon cinne; Pers.; Dutch kin; German kinn; Danish kind, the cheek; Swedish kind; Latin gena; Greek. The sense is probably an edge or side, and allied to chine.]

The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.

China

CHI'NA, noun A species of earthern ware made in China, and so called from the country; called also china ware and porcelain. [See Porcelain.]

China-Orange

CHI'NA-ORANGE, noun The sweet orange, said to have been originally brought from China.

China-Root

CHI'NA-ROOT, noun The root of a species Smilax, brought from the East Indies, of a pale reddish color, with no smell, and very little taste.

Chinch

CHINCH, noun [Qu. Italian cimice, Latin cimex, corrupted.]

A genus of insects, resembling the featherwing moths. These insects live in the flowers of plants, and wander from flower to flower, but prefer those which are sweetest.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Chin-Cough

CHIN'-COUGH, noun [Dutch kink-hoest, from kink, a twist or bend, and hoest, a cough; German keichhusten, from keichen, to pant. Qu. for in Pers. chonah is a cough.]

A contagious disease, often epidemic among children. It increases for some weeks, is attended with a difficulty of breathing, and in its worst stage, with a degree of convulsion. From a particular noise made in coÃƒ-¹ghing, it is also called hooping cough.

Chine

CHINE, noun [French echine; Italian schiena; Armoric chein. It may be allied to chin. In German, schiene is the shin, also a clout, a splint; and rad-schiene is the band of a wheel; Russian schina.]

1. The back-bone, or spine of an animal.

2. A piece of the back-bone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking.

3. The chime of a cask, or the ridge formed by the ends of the staves.

Stat. of Pennsylvania.

Chine

CHINE, verb transitive To cut through the back-bone, or into chine-pieces.

Chined

CHI'NED, adjective Pertaining to the back.

Beaum.

Chinese

CHINE'SE, adjective Pertaining to China.

Chinese

CHINE'SE, n. sing. and plu. A native of China; also, the language of China.

Chingle

CHIN'GLE, noun Gravel free from dirt. [See Shingle.]

Donne.

Chink

CHINK, noun [This word may be a derivative from the Saxon cinan, or ginian, geonan, to gape, to yawn, Greek; or from the common root of these words. Saxon cina, or cinu, a fissure.]

A small aperture lengthwise; a cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack; as the chinks of a wall.

Chink

CHINK, verb intransitive To crack; to open.

Barret.

Chink

CHINK, verb transitive To open or part and form a fissure.

Chink

CHINK, verb transitive [See Jingle.] To cause to sound by shaking coins or small pieces of metal, or by bringing small sonorous bodies in collision; as, to chink a purse of money.

Pope.

Chink

CHINK, verb intransitive To make a small sharp sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or other sonorous bodies.

Arbuthnot.

Chinkapin

CHINK'APIN, noun The dwarf chestnut, Fagus pumila, a tree that rises eight or ten feet, with a branching shrubby stem, producing a nut.

Chinky

CHINK'Y, adjective Full of chinks, or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.

Dryden.

Chinned

CHIN'NED, adjective Having a long chin.

Kersey.

Chinse

CHINSE, verb transitive In naval affairs, to thrust oakum into the seams or chinks of a ship with a chisel or point of a knife, as a temporary expedient for calking.

Mar. Dict.

Chints

CHINTS, noun [Dutch chits; German zitz; Sanscrit cheet; Hindoo, cheent; Persian chinz, spotted, stained.]

Cotton cloth, printed with more than two colors.

Chioppine

CHIOPPINE, noun [Spanish chapin; Portugese chapim. It is said to be of Arabian origin. It cannot be the Latin crepis, Greek, unless a letter has been lost.]

A high shoe, formerly worn by ladies.

Shak.

Chip

CHIP, CHEAP, CHIPPING, in the names of places, imply a market; from Saxon ceapan, cypan, to buy or sell. [See Cheap.]

Chip

CHIP, noun [from the root of chop. French coupeau.]

1. A piece of wood or other substance, separated from a body by a cutting instrument, particularly by an ax. It is used also for a piece of stone separated by a chisel or other instrument, in hewing.

2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.

Chip

CHIP, verb transitive To cut into small pieces, or chips; to diminish by cutting away a little at a time, or in small pieces; to hew.

Shak.

Chip

CHIP, verb intransitive To break or fly off in small pieces, as in potter's ware.

Chip-Ax

CHIP-AX, noun An ax for chipping.

Chipped

CHIP'PED, participle passive Cut in chips, or small pieces; hewed.

Chipping

CHIP'PING, participle of the present tense Cutting off in small pieces.

Chipping

CHIP'PING, noun A chip; a piece cut off or separated by a cutting or engraving instrument; a fragment.

2. The flying or breaking off in small pieces, of the edges of potter's ware, and porcelain.

Encyc.

Chiragrical

CHIRAG'RICAL, adjective [from chiragra, handgout, Greek, the hand, and, seizure.]

Having the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease.

Brown.

Chirk

CHIRK, a. churk. [Probably allied to chirp; Dutch circken, obs. Chaucer uses the verb, to chirk, in the sense of chirp or chatter. The word is found in the Russian chirkayu, to chirp. It is in popular use in New-England.]

Lively; cheerful; in good spirits; in a comfortable state.

Chirk

CHIRK, verb intransitive To chirp. Obs.

Chaucer.

Chirm

CHIRM, verb intransitive [Saxon cyrman.] To sing as a bird. [Not in use.]

Chirograph

CHI'ROGRAPH, noun [Greek, the hand, and, to write.]

1. Anciently a deed, which, requiring a counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space between, in which was written chirograph, through which the parchment was cut, and one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a charter-party.

Encyc.

2. A fine, so called from the manner of engrossing, which is still retained in the chirographer's office in England.

Ibm.

Chirographer

CHIROG'RAPHER, noun [See Chirograph.] He that exercises or professes the art or business of writing. In England, the chirographer of fines is an officer in the common pleas, who engrosses fines acknowledged in that court, and delivers the indentures to the parties.

Encyc.

Chirographic

CHIROGRAPH'IC, or CHIROGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to chirography.

Chirographist

CHIROG'RAPHIST, noun One who tells fortunes by examining the hand. [Not a legitimate word.]

Arbuthnot.

Chirography

CHIROG'RAPHY, noun [See Chirograph.]

The art of writing, or a writing with one's own hand.

Chirological

CHIROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to chirology.

Chirologist

CHIROL'OGIST, noun [Greek, the hand, and, discourse.]

One who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and fingers.

Chirology

CHIROL'OGY, noun [See Chirologist.] The art or practice of communicating thoughts by signs made by the hands and fingers; a substitute for language or discourse, much used by the deaf and dumb, and by others who communicate with them.

Bailey.

Chiromancer

CHIR'OMANCER, noun [See Chiromancy.] One who attempts to foretell future events, or to tell the fortunes and dispositions of persons, by inspecting the hands.

Dryden.

Chiromancy

CHIR'OMANCY, noun [Greek, the hand, and, divination.]

Divination by the hand; the art or practice of attempting to foretell events, or to discover the dispositions of a person, by inspecting the lines and lineaments of his hand.

Brown.

Chiromantic

CHIROMAN'TIC, adjective Pertaining to chiromancy, or divination by the hand.

Chiromantic deception.

Grellman.

Chirp

CHIRP, v. i. cherp. [German zirpen.] To make the noise of certain small birds, or of certain insects; as a chirping lark, or cricket.

Thomson.

Chirp

CHIRP, verb transitive To make cheerful.

Pope.

Chirp

CHIRP, noun A particular voice of certain birds or insects.

Spectator.

Chirper

CHIRP'ER, noun One that chirps, or is cheerful.

Chirping

CHIRP'ING, participle of the present tense Making the noise of certain small birds.

Chirping

CHIRP'ING, noun The noise of certain small birds and insects.

Chirurgeon

CHIRUR'GEON, noun [Greek, one who operates with the hand, the hand, and, work; Latin chirurgus; French chirurgien; Spanish cirujano; Portugese surgiam, or cirurgiam; Italian chirurgo; Armoric surgyan.]

A surgeon; one whose profession is to heal diseases by manual operations, instruments or external applications. [This illsounding word is obsolete, and it now appears in the form of surgeon, which see.]

Chirurgery

CHIRUR'GERY, noun [Greek. See Chirurgeon.]

That part of the medical art which consists in healing diseases and wounds by instruments and external applications; now written surgery.

Chirurgic

CHIRUR'GIC, or CHIRUR'GICAL, adjective Pertaining to surgery, or to the art of healing diseases and wounds by manual operations, instruments or external applications.

2. Having qualities useful in external applications, for healing diseases or injuries.

It is now written surgical.

Chisel

CHIS'EL, n. s as z. [French ciseau, a chisel; ciseler, to engrave; Armoric gisell; Spanish cincel; Hebrew, Chaldee, or, or Arabic chazza, to cut, hew, carve. See Class Gs.]

An instrument of iron or steel, used in carpentry, joinery, cabinet work, masonry, sculpture, &c., either for paring, hewing or gouging. Chisels are of different sizes and shapes, fitted for particular uses.

Chisel

CHIS'EL, verb transitive To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel.

Chiseled

CHIS'ELED, participle passive Cut or engraved with a chisel.

Chiseling

CHIS'ELING, participle of the present tense Cutting with a chisel.

Chisleu

CHIS'LEU, noun [Hebrew, from the Arabic kasila, to be torpid or cold.]

The ninth month of the Jewish year, answering to a part of November and a part of December, in the modern division of the year.

Chit

CHIT, noun [Saxon cith, a shoot or twig, from thrusting out.]

1. A shoot or sprout; the first shooting or germination of a seed or plant. Hence,

2. A child or babe, in familiar language.

3. A freckle, that is, a push.

Chit

CHIT, verb intransitive To sprout; to shoot, as a seed or plant.

Chit-Chat

CHIT'-CHAT, noun [See Chat, Chatter.]

Prattle; familiar or trifling talk.

Chitterling

CHIT'TERLING, noun The frill to the breast of a shirt.

Gascoigne.

Chitterlings

CHIT'TERLINGS, n. plu. [German kuttel, probably from the root of gut.]

The guts or bowels; sausages.

Johnson. Bailey.

Chitty

CHIT'TY, adjective Childish; like a babe.

Johnson.

2. Full of chits or warts.

Chivalrous

CHIV'ALROUS, adjective [See Chivalry.] Pertaining to chivalry, or knight errantry; warlike; bold; gallant.

Spenser.

Chivalry

CHIV'ALRY, noun [French chevalerie, from chevalier, a knight or horseman, from cheval, a horse; Spanish caballeria; Italian cavalleria. See Cavalry.]

1. Knighthood; a military dignity, founded on the service of soldiers on horseback, called knights; a service formerly deemed more honorable than service in infantry.

Bacon.

2. The qualifications of a knight, as valor and dexterity in arms.

Shak.

3. The system of knighthood; the privileges, characteristics or manners of knights; the practice of knight-errantry, or the heroic defense of life and honor.

Dryden.

4. An adventure or exploit, as of a knight.

Sidney.

5. The body or order of knights.

Shak.

6. In English law, a tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the condition of performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or military service to his lord. This was general or special; general, when the tenant held per servitium militare, without specification of the particular service; special, when the particular service was designated. When the tenant held only of the king, the tenure was regal; when he held of a common person, it was called common. This service was also grand sergeantry, as when the tenant was bound to perform service to the king in his own person; and petit sergeantry, when he was bound to yield to the king annually some small thing, as a sword or dagger. Chivalry that might be held of a common person, was called escuage, scutagium, or shield service.

Blackstone.

Court of chivalry, a court formerly held before the Lord High Constable and Earl Marshal of England, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to deeds of arms and war. It had jurisdiction both of civil and criminal causes, but no power to enforce its decisions by fine or imprisonment, not being a court of record. It is now nearly extinct.

Blackstone.

Chive

CHIVE, noun [French cive; Latin cepa.] A species of small onion.

Chives

CHIVES, n. plu. In botany, slender threads or filaments in the blossoms of plants. [See Stamen.]

Chlorate

CHLO'RATE, noun [See Chlorine.] A compound of chloric acid with a salifiable base.

Ure.

Chloric

CHLO'RIC, adjective Pertaining to chlorine, or obtained from it; as chloric acid.

Ure.

Chloride

CHLO'RIDE, or CHLO'RID, noun [See Chlorine.] A compound of chlorine with a combustible body.

Ure.

Chloridic

CHLORID'IC, adjective Pertaining to a chloride.

Ure.

Chlorine

CHLO'RINE, or CHLO'RIN, noun [Greek, green; so named from its color.]

Chloric gas; a new name given to what has been called oxymuriatic gas. This substance has hitherto resisted all efforts to decompose it, and as it is not known to contain oxygen, and is apparently a simple substance, it has been denominated from its color, chlorine, or chloric gas.

Davy.

Chloriodic

CHLORIOD'IC, adjective Consisting of chlorine and iodine, or obtained from them.

Davy.

Chloris

CHLO'RIS, noun [Greek, green.] The green finch, a small bird.

Chlorite

CHLO'RITE, noun [Greek, green.]

A mineral of a grass green color, opake, usually friable or easily pulverized, composed of little spangles, scales, prisms or shinging small grains. It is classed by Kirwan with the muriatic genus. There are four subspecies, chlorite earth, common chlorite, chlorite slate, and foliated chlorite.

Ure. Kirwan.

Chloro-Carbonic

CHLORO-CARBON'IC, or CHLORO-C`ARBONOUS, adjective The terms, chloro-carbonic acid and chloro-carbonous acid, are applied, the former by Thomson, and the latter by Ure, to a compound of chlorine and carbonic oxyd, formed by exposing a mixture of the two gases to the direct solar rays. It was discovered by Dr. J. Davy, and called by him phosgene gas.

Chloropal

CHLORO'PAL, noun [green opal.] A newly observed mineral, of two varieties, the conchoidal and the earthy; the conchoidal is of a pistachio green color; the other has an earthy fracture, and both varieties are possessed of magnetic properties.

Phillips.

Chlorophane

CHLO'ROPHANE, noun [Greek, green, and, to show.]

A variety of fluor spar, from Siberia. When placed on a heated iron, it gives a beautiful emerald green light.

Cleaveland. Cyc.

Chloropheite

CHLO'ROPHEITE, noun [Greek, green, and, blackish.]

A rare mineral found in small nodules.

Cleaveland.

Chlorophyl

CHLO'ROPHYL, noun [Greek, green, and, leaf.]

The green matter of the leaves of vegetables.

Pelletier.

Chlorosis

CHLORO'SIS, noun [Greek, green.] The green sickness; a disease of females, characterized by a pale or greenish hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, dyspepsy, &c.

Coxe.

Chlorotic

CHLOROT'IC, adjective Pertaining to chlorosis; as, chlorotic affections.

Medical Repository.

2. Affected by chlorosis; as, chlorotic nuns.

Battie.

Chlorous

CHLO'ROUS, adjective Pertaining to chlorine; as chlorous oxyd.

Choak

CHOAK, [See Choke.]

Chock

CHOCK, noun [from choke.] In marine language, a kind of wedge for confining a cask or other body, to prevent it from moving.

Chocks of the rudder, are pieces of timber kept in readiness to stop the motion of the rudder, in case of an accident, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Chock

CHOCK, an encounter. [See Shock.]

Chocolate

CHOC'OLATE, noun [French chocolat; Spanish Portugese chocolate; Italian cioccolata; from cacao.]

1. A paste or cake composed of the kernel of cacao, with other ingredients, usually a little sugar, cinnamon or vanilla. The nut is first ground fine, mixed with the ingredients, and put in a mold.

2. The liquor made by dissolving chocolate in boiling water.

Chocolate-House

CHOC'OLATE-HOUSE, noun A house where company may be served with chocolate.

Chocolate-Nut

CHOC'OLATE-NUT. [See Cacao.]

Chode

CHODE, the old preterit of chide, which see.

Choice

CHOICE, noun [French choix; Armoric choas; Saxon cyse; Dutch keus. See Choose.]

1. The act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; or the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election.

Ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe. Acts 15.

2. The power of choosing; option.

Where there is force, there can be no choice.

Of these alternatives we have our own choice.

Anon.

3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference.

I imagine Cesar's apothems were collected with judgment and choice.

Bacon.

4. The thing chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection.

Nor let thy conquests only be her choice.

Prior.

5. The best part of any thing; that which is preferable, and properly the object of choice.

In the choice of our sepulchers bury thy dead. Genesis 23.

6. The act of electing to office by vote; election.

To make choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference.

Choice

CHOICE, adjective Worthy of being preferred; select; precious; very valuable.

My choicest hours of life are lost.

Swift.

My revenue is better than choice silver. Proverbs 8.

2. Holding dear; preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; as, to be choice of time or of advantages.

3. Selecting with care, and due attention to preference; as, to be choice of one's company.

Choice-Drawn

CHOICE-DRAWN, adjective Selected with particular care.

Shak.

Choiceless

CHOICE'LESS, a. chois'less. Not having the power of choosing; not free.

Hammond.

Choicely

CHOICE'LY, adv. chois'ly. With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference; with exact choice; as a band of men choicely collected.

2. Valuably; excellently; preferably; curiously.

3. With great care; carefully; as a thing choicely preserved.

Choiceness

CHOICE'NESS, n. chois'ness. Valuableness; particular value or worth; as the choiceness of a plant or of wine.

Choir

CHOIR, n. quire. [Latin chorus; Greek; French choeur; Spanish Portugese Italian coro; Saxon chor; Dutch choor; German chor; Arabic to go round, to collect or bind. See Chorus.]

1. A collection of singers, especially in divine service, in a church.

2. Any collection of singers.

3. That part of a church appropriated for the singers, separated from the chancel and the nave. In congregational and some other churches, the singers are placed in certain seats in the galleries.

4. In nunneries, a large hall adjoining to the body of the church, separated by a grate, where the nuns sing the office.

Choir-Service

CHOIR-SERVICE, noun The service of singing performed by a choir.

Warton.

Choke

CHOKE, verb transitive [Saxon aceocan. In Armoric coucq or goucq is the neck, with which choke may be connected, in the sense of narrowness or compression. The sense of choke is to stuff, thrust down or stop; or to compress, or bind tight. [The Spanish ahogar is the Portugese afogar, Latin suffoco.] It is probably allied to the Spanish cegar, to shut, Latin coecus, key, Saxon coeg.]

1. To stop the passage of the breath, by filling the windpipe or compressing the neck. The word is used to express a temporary or partial stoppage, as to choke with dirt or smoke; or an entire stoppage that causes death; to suffocate; to strangle. Mark 5.

2. To stop by filling; to obstruct; to block up; as, to choke the entrance of a harbor, or any passage.

3. To hinder by obstruction or impediments; to hinder or check growth, expansion, or progress; as, to choke plants; to choke the spreading of the fruit.

Bacon.

Thorns choke them. Matthew 13. Luke 8.

4. To smother or suffocate, as fire.

Dryden.

5. To suppress or stifle; as, to choke the strong conception.

Shak.

6. To offend; to cause to take an exception; as, I was choked at this word.

Swift.

We observe that this word generally implies crowding, stuffing or covering. A channel is choked by stones and sand, but not by a boom.

Choke

CHOKE, verb intransitive To have the wind-pipe stopped; as, cattle are apt to choke when eating potatoes.

2. To be offended; to take exceptions.

Choke

CHOKE, noun The filamentous or capillary part of the artichoke.

Johnson.

Choke-Cherry

CHO'KE-CHERRY, noun The popular name of a species of wild cherry, remarkable for its astringent qualities.

Choked

CHO'KED, participle passive Suffocated; strangled; obstructed by filling; stifled; suppressed; smothered.

Choke-Full

CHO'KE-FULL, adjective [choke and full.] Full as possible; quite full.

Choke-Pear

CHO'KE-PEAR, noun A kind of pear that has a rough astringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the parts of the mouth.

2. An aspersion or sarcasm by which a person is put to silence. [A low term.]

Clarissa.

Choker

CHO'KER, noun One that chokes another; one that puts another to silence; that which cannot be answered.

Johnson.

Choke-Weed

CHO'KE-WEED, noun A plant so called.

Choky

CHO'KY, adjective That tends to suffocate, or has power to suffocate.

Cholagogue

CHOL'AGOGUE, n. col'agog. [Greek, from, bile.]

A medicine that has the specific quality of evacuating the bile.

Choler

CHOL'ER, noun [Latin cholera; Greek, from, bile.]

1. The bile. By the superabundance of this fluid, anger was formerly supposed to be produced; or perhaps the opinion was that the bile caused the inflamed appearance of the face in anger. Hence,

2. Anger; wrath; irritation of the passions.

Cholera Morbus, a sudden evacuation of bile, both upwards and downwards.

Choleric

CHOL'ERIC, adjective Abounding with choler.

Dryden.

2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger; as a choleric man.

3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger; as a choleric speech.

Raleigh

Cholericness

CHOL'ERICNESS, noun Irascibility; anger; peevishness.

Cholesteric

CHOLES'TERIC, adjective Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; as cholesteric acid.

Ure.

Cholesterine

CHOLES'TERINE, or CHOLES'TERIN, noun [Greek, bile, and, solid.]

A name given by M. Chevreul, to the pearly or crystaline substance of human biliary calculi.

Choliambic

CHOLIAM'BIC, noun [Latin choliambi.] A verse in poetry having an iambic foot in the fifth place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.

Bentley.

Chondrodite

CHON'DRODITE, noun A mineral, called also Brucite. It occurs in grains or imperfect crystals, or in four-sided prisms with rhombic bases, truncated on the two acute lateral edges. It is translucent; and its color varies from reddish or amber yellow to grayish brown.

Cleaveland.

Choose

CHOOSE, v. t. s as z. pret. chose; pp. chosen, chose. [Saxon ceosan; Dutch kiezen; German kiesen; Swedish kesa; Icelandic kioosa; French choisir; Armoric choasa; Pers. ghozidan. The Hebrew has to collect. See Class Gs. No. 40. 70. 71.]

1. To pick out; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more things offered; to make choice of.

The man the Lord doth choose shall be holy. Numbers 16.

Refuse the evil and choose the good.

2. To take in preference.

Let us choose to us judgment. Job 34.

3. To prefer; to choose for imitation; to follow.

Envy not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways. Proverbs 3.

4. To elect for eternal happiness; to predestinate to life.

Many are called but few chosen. Matthew 20. For his elect's sake, whom he hath chosen. Mark 13.

5. To elect or designate to office or employment by votes or suffrages. In the United States, the people choose representatives by votes, usually by ballot.

Choose

CHOOSE, verb intransitive To prefer; as, I choose to go.

2. To have the power of choice. The phrase, he cannot choose but stay, denotes that he has not the power of choice, whether to stay or not.

The verb, in these phrases, is really transitive; the following verb standing as the object, instead of a noun.

Chooser

CHOOS'ER, noun He that chooses; he that has the power or right of choosing; an elector.

Choosing

CHOOS'ING, participle of the present tense Selecting; taking in preference; electing.

Choosing

CHOOS'ING, noun Choice; election.

Chop

CHOP, verb transitive [German and Dutch kappen; Danish kapper; Greek; French couper; Norm. copper, or couper; Arabic or to cut. Class Gb. No. 47. 51.]

1. To cut off or separate, by striking with a sharp instrument, either by a single blow or by repeated blows; as, to chop off a head; to chop wood.

2. To cut into small pieces; to mince; as, to chop meat; to chop straw.

3. To grind and mince with the teeth; to devour eagerly; with up; as, to chop up an entertainment.

Dryden.

4. To break or open into chinks or fissures; to crack; to chap. [See Chap.]

Chop

CHOP, verb intransitive To catch or attempt to seize with the mouth. [Not used.]

To chop at the shadow and lose the substance.

L'Estrange.

2. To light or fall on suddenly.

Johnson.

[If this is a legitimate sense, it indicates that the primary sense is, to throw, thrust, or strike. It is not in common use.]

To chop in, to become modish. [Not used.]

Wilson.

To chop out, to give vent to. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Chop

CHOP, verb transitive [Saxon ceapian, cypan, to buy or sell. See Cheap.]

1. To buy, or rather to barter, truck, exchange.

2. To exchange; to put one thing in the place of another; as, to chop and change our friends.

L'Estrange.

3. To bandy; to altercate; to return one word or thing for another.

Let not the council chop with the judge.

Bacon.

Chop

CHOP, verb intransitive To turn, vary, change or shift suddenly; as in the seaman's phrase, the wind chops, or chops about.

[The various senses of this verb seem to center in that of thrusting, driving, or a sudden motion or exertion of force.]

Chop

CHOP, noun A piece chopped off; a small piece of meat; as a mutton chop.

2. A crack or cleft. See Chap, which, with the broad sound of a, is often pronounced chop.

3. The chap; the jaw: plu. the jaws; the mouth; the sides of a river's mouth or channel. [See Chap.]

Chop-Church

CHOP'-CHURCH, noun An exchange or an exchanger of benefices.

Chop-Fallen

CHOP'-FALLEN, adjective Dejected; dispirited.

Chop-House

CHOP'-HOUSE, noun A house where provision ready dressed is sold.

Chopin

CHO'PIN, noun [French chopine.] A liquid measure in France, containing nearly a pint Winchester measure. In Scotland, a quart of wine measure.

Chopped

CHOP'PED, participle passive Cut; minced.

Chopping

CHOP'PING, participle of the present tense Cutting; mincing; buying; bartering.

Chopping

CHOP'PING, adjective Stout; lusty; plump.

Chopping

CHOP'PING, noun [Spanish chapin.] A high-heeled shoe, worn by ladies in Italy. [See Chioppine.]

2. A cutting; a mincing; from chop.

Chopping-Block

CHOP'PING-BLOCK, noun A block on which any thing is laid to be chopped.

Chopping-Knife

CHOP'PING-KNIFE, noun A knife for mincing meat.

Choppy

CHOP'PY, adjective Full of clefts or cracks.

Chops

CHOPS, [See Chop.]

Choral

CHO'RAL, adjective [from chorus.] Belonging to or composing a choir or concert; as, choral symphonies.

Milton.

2. Singing in a choir; as, choral seraphs.

Amhurst.

Chorally

CHO'RALLY, adverb In the manner of a chorus.

Mason.

Chord

CHORD, noun [Latin chorda; Greek, an intestine, of which strings were made. When it signifies a string or small rope, in general, it is written cord. See Cord.]

1. The string of a musical instrument.

Milton.

2. In music, the union of two or more sounds uttered at the same time, forming an entire harmony; as a third, fifth and eighth, which are perfect chords, or consonancies. The fourth and sixth are imperfect chords.

3. In geometry, a right line drawn or supposed to extend from one end of an arch of a circle to the other. Hence the chord of an arch is a right line joining the extremities of that arch.

Encyc.

Chord

CHORD, verb transitive To string.

Dryden.

Chordee

CHORDEE', noun [See Chord.] In medicine and surgery, an inflammatory or spasmodic contraction of the fraenum, attending gonorrhea and accompanied with pain.

Coxe. Encyc.

Chore

CHORE, noun [ char.] In America, this word denotes small work of a domestic kind, as distinguished from the principal work of the day. It is generally used in the plural, chores, which includes the daily or occasional business of feeding cattle and other animals, preparing fuel, sweeping the house, cleaning furniture, &c. [See Char.]

Chorepiscopal

CHOREPIS'COPAL, adjective [Greek, place, and, bishop.]

Pertaining to the power of a suffragan or local bishop.

Fell.

Choreus

CHORE'US, noun [Greek.] In ancient poetry, a foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short; the trochee.

Choriamb

CHOR'IAMB, or CHORIAM'BUS, noun [Greek, a trochee, and, iambus.]

In ancient poetry, a foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last are long, and the others short; that is, a choreus or trochee and an iambus united; as, nobilitas, anxietas.

Encyc.

Choriambic

CHORIAM'BIC, noun A choriamb.

Choriambic

CHORIAM'BIC, adjective Pertaining to a choriamb.

Mason.

Chorion

CHO'RION, noun [Greek, or; the latter seems to be allied to, to hold, or contain.]

In anatomy, the exterior membrane which invests the fetus in utero.

Chorist

CHO'RIST, noun [French choriste.] A singing man in a choir.

Chorister

CHOR'ISTER, noun [from chorus, choir.]

Literally, a singer; one of a choir; a singer in a concert.

Dryden.

2. One who leads a choir in church music. This is the sense in the United States.

Chorographer

CHOROG'RAPHER, noun [See Chorography.]

A person who describes a particular region or country; or one who forms a map or maps of particular regions or countries.

Encyc.

Chorographical

CHOROGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to chorography; descriptive of particular regions or countries; laying down or marking the bounds of particular countries.

Encyc.

Chorographically

CHOROGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In a chorographical manner; in a manner descriptive of particular regions.

Chorography

CHOROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a place or region, and, to describe.]

The art of practice of making a map of a particular region, country, or province; or of marking its limits, bounds or position. Chorography differs from geography, as the description of a particular country differs from that of the whole earth; and from topography, as the description of a country differs from that of a town, city or district.

Encyc.

Choroid

CHO'ROID, noun [Greek, a particular membrane, and, likeness.]

In anatomy, a term applied to several parts of the body that resemble the chorion; as the inner membrane investing the brain, or the pia mater; the second coat of the eye; the fold of the carotid artery in the brain, in which is the pineal gland.

Coxe. Encyc.

Chorus

CHO'RUS, noun [Latin chorus; Greek; Saxon chor; French choeur; Dutch choor or koor; Spanish Italian coro; Irish cora; Welsh cor. In Welsh, the word signifies a round or circle, a choir. If the primary sense is a circle, or a company, the word may be referred to the Arabic kaura, to go round, to collect, to bind, or to karra, to return, to repeat. Class Greek No. 32. 34. If the radical sense is to sing or shout, it may be allied to Greek. The former is most probable.]

1. A number of singers; a company of persons singing in concert.

Dryden. Pope. Addison.

2. The persons who are supposed to behold what passes in the acts of a tragedy, and sing their sentiments between the acts.

Shak. Johnson.

3. The song between the acts of a tragedy.

Johnson.

4. Verses of a song in which the company join the singer; or the union of a company with a singer, in repeating certain couplets or verses, at certain periods in a song.

Johnson. Encyc.

5. A musical composition of two or more parts.

6. Among the Greeks, a chorus consisted of a number of singers and dancers.

Chose

CHOSE, noun [French chose; Spanish cosa, suit, cause, thing; Italian cosa; Portugese cousa; Latin causa. See Cause. The primary sense is, action, urging, prosecution. See Thing and Cause.]

In law, property in action; a right to possession; or that which may be demanded and recovered by suit or action at law. Thus, money due on a bond or note is a chose in action; a recompense for damage done is a chose in action; the former proceeding from an express, the latter from an implied contract. A contract executed is a chose in possession; a contract executory conveys only a chose in action. A chose local is annexed to a place, as a mill or the like; a chose transitory is a thing which is movable.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Chose

CHOSE, s as z, pret. and participle passive of choose.

Chosen

CHO'SEN, pp. cho'zn. Selected from a number; picked out; taken in preference; elected; predestinated; designated to office.

2. a. Select; distinguished by preference; eminent.

His chosen captains are drowned in the sea. Exodus 15.

Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood. 1 Peter 2.

Chough

CHOUGH, n. chuff. [French choucas; Irish cag; Saxon ceo or ceogh. This word may be the same as jack, in jackdaw. It appears to be a Cornish word.]

The Cornish chough is a fowl of the genus Corvus, nearly of the size of the crow, and mischievous, like the magpie. It is black, except the bill, legs and feet, which are red. It is a native of the west of England.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Chough is also applied to the jackdaw.

Cyc.

Choule

CHOULE. [See Jowl.]

Chouse

CHOUSE, verb transitive [This word may be from the root of cozen, Armoric couÃƒ-§zein, or concheza. Arabic gausa, to deceive or defraud; Ethiopic chaso, to lie, deceive or cheat.]

To cheat, trick, defraud; followed by of, in Hudibras; but in America, by out of; as, to chouse one out of his money. [It is now vulgar.]

Dryden. Swift.

Chouse

CHOUSE, noun One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton.

A trick; sham; imposition.

Johnson.

Choused

CHOUS'ED, participle passive Cheated; defrauded; imposed on.

Chousing

CHOUS'ING, participle of the present tense Cheating; imposing on.

Chowder

CHOW'DER, noun In New England, a dish of fish boiled with biscuit, &c. In Spanish, chode is a paste made of milk, eggs, sugar and flour. In the west of England, chowder-beer is a liquor made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing with it melasses.

Chowder

CHOW'DER, verb transitive To make a chowder.

Chowter

CHOW'TER, verb transitive To grumble like a frog or a froward child.

Phillips.

Chrism

CHRISM, noun [Greek, from, to anoint.]

Unguent; unction. In the Romish and Greek churches, oil consecrated by the bishop, and used in the administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, and extreme unction. It is prepared on holy Thursday with much ceremony, and in some cases, mixed with balsam.

Encyc.

Chrismal

CHRIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to chrism.

Brevint.

Chrismation

CHRISMA'TION, noun The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil; in baptism, by the priest; in confirmation, by the bishop. In ordination, it is usually styled unction.

Encyc.

Chrismatory

CHRIS'MATORY, noun A vessel to hold the oil for chrism.

Chrisom

CHRIS'OM, noun [See Chrism.] A child that dies within a month after its birth; so called from the chrisom-cloth, a linen cloth anointed with holy oil, which was formerly laid over a child's face when it was baptized. Also, the cloth itself.

Encyc.

Christ

CHRIST, noun [Greek, anointed, from, to anoint.]

THE ANOINTED; an appellation given to the Savior of the world, and synonymous with the Hebrew MESSIAH. It was a custom of antiquity to consecrate persons to the sacerdotal and regal offices by anointing them with oil.

Christen

CHRIS'TEN, v. t. kris'n. [Saxon cristnian; Dutch kerstenen. See Christ.]

1. To baptize, or rather to baptize and name; to initiate into the visible church of Christ by the application of water; applied to persons. And as a name is given to the person in the ceremony, hence,

2. To name; to denominate; applied to things.

Burnet.

Christendom

CHRIS'TENDOM, n. kris'ndom. [Saxon cristendom, cristen, christian, and dom, power, judgment, rule, jurisdiction. See Christ.]

1. The territories, countries or regions inhabited by christians, or those who profess to believe in the christian religion.

2. The whole body of christians.

Hooker.

3. Christianity; the christian religion; as, while christendom prevailed. [Unusual.]

Milner.

Christened

CHRIS'TENED, pp. kris'nd. Baptized and named; initiated into christianity.

Christening

CHRIS'TENING, ppr. kris'ening. Baptizing and naming.

Christening

CHRIS'TENING, noun The act or ceremony of baptizing and naming; initiation into the christian religion.

Christian

CHRIS'TIAN, n. kryst'yan. [Greek; Latin christianus; Saxon cristen; Dutch kristen; French chrÃƒ-©tien; Spanish christiano; Armoric cristen; Welsh cristian. See Christ.]

1. A believer in the religion of Christ.

2. A professor of his belief in the religion of Christ.

3. A real disciple of Christ; one who believes in the truth of the christian religion, and studies to follow the example, and obey the precepts, of Christ; a believer in Christ who is characterized by real piety.

4. In a general sense, the word christians includes all who are born in a christian country or of christian parents.

Christian

CHRIS'TIAN, adjective [See the Noun.] Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or received from him; as the christian religion; christian doctrines.

2. Professing the religion of Christ; as a christian friend.

3. Belonging to the religion of Christ; relating to Christ, or to his doctrines, precepts and example; as christian profession and practice.

4. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as courts christian.

Blackstone.

Christian

CHRIS'TIAN, verb transitive To baptize. [Not used.]

Fulke.

Christianism

CHRIS'TIANISM, noun [Greek. See Christ.]

1. The christian religion.

2. The nations professing christianity.

Johnson.

Christianite

CHRIS'TIANITE, noun A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral; its primitive form is that of an oblique rectangular prism; its colors brown, yellow or reddish.

Journ. of Science.

Christianity

CHRISTIAN'ITY, noun [See Christian, from Christ.]

The religion of christians; or the system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ, and recorded by the evangelists and apostles.

Whilst politicians are disputing about monarchies, aristocracies, and republics, christianity is alike applicable, useful and friendly to them all.

Paley.

Christianize

CHRIS'TIANIZE, verb transitive To make christian; to convert to christianity; as, to christianize pagans.

Christianlike

CHRIS'TIANLIKE, adjective Becoming a christian.

Shak.

Christianly

CHRIS'TIANLY, adverb In a christian manner; in a manner becoming the principles of the christian religion, or the profession of that religion.

Christian-Name

CHRIS'TIAN-NAME, noun The name given in baptism, as distinct from the gentilitious or surname.

Christianography

CHRISTIANOG'RAPHY, noun A description of christian nations. [Not used.]

Pagitt.

Christmas

CHRIST'MAS, noun [Christ and mass, Saxon moessa, a holy day or feast; Dutch kersmis.]

1. The festival of the christian church observed annually on the 25th day of December, in memory of the birth of Christ, and celebrated by a particular church service. The festival includes twelve days.

2. Christmas-day.

Christmas-Box

CHRIST'MAS-BOX, noun A box in which little presents are deposited at christmas.

Christmas-Day

CHRIST'MAS-DAY, noun The twenty fifth day of December, when christmas is celebrated.

Christmas-Flower

CHRISTMAS-FLOWER, noun Hellebore.

Christmas-Rose

CHRIST'MAS-ROSE, noun A plant of the genus Helleborus, producing beautiful white flowers about Christmas.

Christs-Thorn

CHRIST'S-THORN, noun The Rhamnus paliurus, a deciduous shrub, a native of Palestine and the South of Europe. It has two thorns at each joint, and is supposed to have been the sort of which the crown of thorns for our Savior was made.

Encyc. Hanbury.

Chroastaces

CHROAS'TACES, noun [Greek, color.] In natural history, a genus of pellucid gems, comprehending all those of variable colors, as viewed in different lights. [Not technical.]

Encyc.

Chromate

CHRO'MATE, noun [See Chrome.] A salt or compound formed by the chromic acid with a base.

Chromatic

CHROMAT'IC adjective [Greek, from, color, from, to color. X, seem to be a dialectical orthography of the same word.]

1. Relating to color.

Dryden.

2. Noting a particular species of music, which proceeds by several semitones in succession.

Encyc. Busby.

Chromatic

CHROMAT'IC, noun [Supra.] A kind of music that proceeds by several consecutive semitones, or semitonic intervals.

Rousseau.

Chromatically

CHROMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the chromatic manner.

Chromatics

CHROMAT'ICS, noun The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the properties of the colors of light and of natural bodies.

Encyc.

Chrome

CHROME, noun [Greek, color.] A metal consisting of a porous mass of agglutinated grains, very hard, brittle, and of a grayish white color. Its texture is radiated. In its highest degree of oxydation, it passes into the state of an acid, of a ruby red color. It takes its name from the various and beautiful colors which its oxyd and acid communicate to minerals into whose composition they enter. Chrome is employed to give a fine deep green to the enamel of porcelain, to glass, &c.

The oxyd of Chrome is of a bright grass green or pale yellow color.

Cleaveland.

Chromic

CHRO'MIC, adjective Pertaining to chrome, or obtained from it; as chromic acid.

Chromic yellow, the artificial chromate of lead, a beautiful pigment.

Chronic

CHRON'IC, or CHRON'ICAL, adjective [French chronique; Italian Spanish cronico; Greek, from, time, duration. See Arabic. Class Rn. No. 15.]

Continuing a long time, as a disease. A chronic disease is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedily terminates.

Chronicle

CHRON'ICLE, noun [See Chronic.] A historical account of facts or events disposed in the order of time. It is nearly synonymous with annals. In general, this species of writing is more strictly confined to chronological order, and is less diffuse than the form of writing called history.

2. In a more general sense, a history.

Dryden.

3. That which contains history.

EuropeÃ‚--her very ruins tell the history of times gone by, and every moldering stone is a chronicle.

Irving.

4. Chronicles, plu. Two books of the Old Testament.

Chronicle

CHRON'ICLE, verb transitive To record in history, or chronicle; to record; to register.

Spenser. Shak.

Chronicler

CHRON'ICLER, noun A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; a historian.

Chronique

CHRONIQUE, n. chron'ik. A chronicle.

Addison.

Chronogram

CHRON'OGRAM, noun [Greek, time, and, a letter or writing, from, to write.]

An inscription in which a certain date or epoch is expressed by numeral letters; as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632.

ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.

Chronogrammatic

CHRONOGRAMMAT'IC, or CHRONOGRAMMAT'ICAL, adjective Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

Chronogrammatist

CHRONOGRAM'MATIST, noun A writer of chronograms.

Chronographer

CHRONOG'RAPHER, noun [Greek, time, and, to describe.]

One who writes concerning time or the events of time; a chronologer.

Tooke.

Chronography

CHRONOG'RAPHY, noun The description of time past. [Little used.]

Chronologer

CHRONOL'OGER, or CHRONOL'OGIST, noun [See Chronology.] A person who attempts to discover the true dates of past events and transactions, and to arrange them under their proper years, or divisions of time, in the order in which they happened.

2. One who studies chronology, or is versed in the science.

Chronologic

CHRONOLOG'IC, or CHRONOLOG'ICAL, adjective Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time.

Chronologically

CHRONOLOG'ICALLY, adverb In a chronological manner; in a manner according with the order of time, the series of events, or rules of chronology.

Chronology

CHRONOL'OGY, noun [Greek; time, and, discourse or doctrine.]

The science of time; the method of measuring, or computing time by regular divisions or periods, according to the revolutions of the sun, or moon; of ascertaining the true periods or years when past events or transactions took place; and arranging them in their proper order according to their dates.

If history without chronology is dark and confused; chronology without history is dry and insipid.

A. Holmes.

Chronometer

CHRONOM'ETER, noun [Greek, time, and, measure.]

Any instrument that measures time or that divides time into equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock, watch or dial; particularly an instrument that measures time with great exactness. Chronoscope is now rarely used.

Chrysalid

CHRYS'ALID, noun [See Chrysalis.]

Chrysalis

CHRYS'ALIS, noun [Latin chrysalis, Greek, a grub, from its golden color, gold.]

The particular form which butterflies, moths, and some other insects assume, before they arrive at their winged or perfect state. It is called also aurelia, from aurum, gold. In this form, the animal is in a state of rest or insensibility; having no organs for taking nourishment, nor wings, nor legs. The external covering is cartilaginous, and usually smooth and glossy; sometimes hairy. The name is taken from the yellow color of certain species; but they are of different colors, as green, black, &c.

Chrysoberyl

CHRYS'OBERYL, noun [Greek, gold, and, beryl.]

A siliceous gem, of a dilute yellowish green color.

Kirwan.

Chrysoberyl, the cymophane of HaÃƒ-¼y, is a mineral usually found in round pieces, about the size of a pea; but it is also found crystalized in eight-sided prisms. It is next to the sapphire in hardness, and employed in jewelry.

Ure. Cleaveland.

Chrysocolla

CHRYS'OCOLLA, noun [Greek, glue of gold, and; a name given by the Greeks to borax and to mountain green.]

Carbonate of copper, of two subspecies, the blue and the green; formerly called blue and green chrysocolla, also mountain blue and mountain green. It occurs in crystals; stalactites and other forms.

Fourcroy. Cleaveland.

Crysolite

CRYS'OLITE, noun [Greek, gold, and, stone.]

A mineral, called by HaÃƒ-¼y and Brongniart, peridote, and by Jameson, prismatic chrysolite. Its prevailing color is some shade of green. It is harder than glass, but less hard than quartz; often transparent, sometimes only translucent. It occurs sometimes in crystals, sometimes in small amorphous masses or grains, and sometimes in rolled pieces.

Cleaveland.

Chrysoprase

CHRYS'OPRASE, noun [Greek; gold, and, a leek.]

A mineral, a subspecies of quartz. Its color is commonly apple green, and often extremely beautiful. It is translucent, or sometimes semi-transparent; its fracture even and dull, sometimes a little splintery, sometimes smooth and slightly conchoidal; its hardness little inferior to that of flint.

Cleaveland.

Chub

CHUB, noun [This word seems to signify thick head, or a mass or lump. In Pers. chub or chob is a club. See Class Gb. No. 1 and 2.]

A river fish, called also cheven, of the genus Cyprinus. The body is oblong, nearly round; the head and back, green; the sides silvery, and the belly white. It frequents deep holes in rivers shaded by trees; but in warm weather floats near the surface, and furnishes sport for anglers. It is indifferent food.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Encyc.

Chubbed

CHUB'BED, or CHUB'BY, adjective Like a chub; short and thick.

Chub-Faced

CHUB'-FACED, adjective Having a plump round face.

Addison.

Chuck

CHUCK, verb intransitive To make the noise of a hen or partridge, when she calls her chickens.

Chuck

CHUCK, verb transitive To call, as a hen her chickens.

Chuck

CHUCK, verb intransitive To jeer; to laugh. [See Chuckle.]

Chuck

CHUCK, verb transitive [French choquer; Russian chokayu, to strike gently; Portugese Spanish chocar.]

1. To strike, or give a gentle blow; as, to chuck one under the chin.

2. To throw, with quick motion, a short distance; to pitch. [Vulgar.]

Chuck

CHUCK, noun The voice or call of a hen.

2. A sudden small noise.

3. A word of endearment, corrupted from chick, chicken.

Chuck-Farthing

CHUCK-FARTHING, noun A play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole.

Chuckle

CHUCK'LE, verb transitive [from chuck.] To call, as a hen her chickens.

2. To fondle; to cocker. [Qu. Welsh cocru. See Cocker.]

Chuckle

CHUCK'LE, verb intransitive [Chaldee chuk or huk, to laugh. See Class Gk. No. 18. and Giggle.]

To laugh heartily, or convulsively; to shake with laughter, or to burst into fits of laughter.

Chuckle-Head

CHUCK'LE-HEAD, noun A vulgar word in America, denoting a person with a large head, a dunce. Bailey says, a rattling, noisy, empty fellow.

Chud

CHUD, verb transitive To champ; to bite. [Not in use.]

Stafford.

Chuet

CHU'ET, noun Forced meat.

Bacon.

Chuff

CHUFF, noun [Perhaps Welsh cyf, a stock or stem; cyfiaw, to become torpid.]

A clown; a coarse, heavy, dull or surly fellow.

Chuffily

CHUFF'ILY, adverb In a rough, surly manner; clownishly.

Chuffiness

CHUFF'INESS, noun Surliness.

Chuffy

CHUFF'Y, adjective Blunt; clownish; surly; angry; stomachful. In N. England, this word expresses that displeasure which causes a swelling or surly look and grumbling, rather than heat and violent expressions of anger.

Chuk

CHUK, noun A word used in calling swine. It is the original name of that animal, which our ancestors brought with them from Persia, where it is still in use, Pers. chuk, Zend, chuk, a hog; Sanscrit sugara. Our ancestors, while in England, adopted the Welsh hwc, hog, but chuck is retained in our popular name of woodchuck, that is, wood hog. This is a remarkable proof of the original seat of the Teutonic nations. I have taken chuk from Adelung. The French cochon may be the same word.

Chum

CHUM, noun [Armoric chomm, or chommein, or

ham, to dwell, stay, or lodge; French chomer, to rest. Qu. Saxon ham, home.]

A chamber-fellow; one who lodges or resides in the same room; a word used in colleges.

Chump

CHUMP, noun A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than a block.

Johnson.

Church

CHURCH, noun [Saxon circe, circ or cyric; Scots, kirk, which retains the Saxon pronunciation; Dutch kerk; German kirche; Swedish kyrckia; Danish kirke; Greek, a temple of God, from, pertaining to a Lord, or to our Lord Jesus Christ, from, a Lord; Russian tzerkov.]

1. A house consecrated to the worship of God, among christians; the Lord's house. This seems to be the original meaning of the word. The Greek, from, to call out or call together, denotes an assembly or collection. But, are from, Lord, a term applied by the early christians to Jesus Christ; and the house in which they worshipped was named from that title. So signifies church goods, bona ecclesiastica; sc., the Lord's day, dies dominica.

2. The collective body of christians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ, and acknowledge him to be the Savior of mankind. In this sense, the church is sometimes called the Catholic or Universal Church.

Johnson. Encyc.

3. A particular number of christians, united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies; as the English church; the Gallican church; the Presbyterian church; the Romish church; the Greek church.

4. The followers of Christ in a particular city or province; as the church of Ephesus, or of Antioch.

5. The disciples of Christ assembled for worship in a particular place, as in a private house. Colossians 4. [See No. 9.]

6. The worshipers of Jehovah or the true God, before the advent of Christ; as the Jewish church.

7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. Hence, ecclesiastical authority.

Encyc.

8. An assembly of sacred rulers convened in Christ's name to execute his laws.

Cruden. Brown.

9. The collective body of christians, who have made a public profession of the christian religion, and who are united under the same pastor; in distinction from those who belong to the same parish, or ecclesiastical society, but have made no profession of their faith.

Church

CHURCH, verb transitive To perform with any one the office of returning thanks in the church, after any signal deliverance, as from the dangers of childbirth.

Johnson.

Church-Ale

CHURCH-ALE, noun A wake or feast commemoratory of the dedication of the church.

Johnson.

Church-Attire

CHURCH-ATTIRE, noun The habit in which men officiate in divine service.

Hooker.

Church-Authority

CHURCH-AUTHORITY, noun Ecclesiastical power; spiritual jurisdiction.

Atterbury.

Church-Bench

CHURCH-BENCH, noun The seat in the porch of a church.

Church-Burial

CHURCH-BURIAL, noun Burial according to the rites of the church.

Ayliffe.

Church-Discipline

CHURCH-DISCIPLINE, noun Discipline of the church, intended to correct the offenses of its members.

Churchdom

CHURCH'DOM, noun The government or authority of the church.

Church-Founder

CHURCH-FOUNDER, noun He that builds or endows a church.

Hooker.

Church-History

CHURCH-HISTORY, noun History of the christian church; ecclesiastical history.

Churching

CHURCH'ING, noun The act of offering thanks in church after childbirth.

Church-Land

CHURCH-LAND, noun Land belonging to a church.

Yelverton.

Churchlike

CHURCH'LIKE, adjective Becoming the church.

Churchman

CHURCH'MAN, noun An ecclesiastic or clergyman; one who ministers in sacred things.

2. An episcopalian, as distinguished from a presbyterian or congregationalist, &c.

Church-Member

CHURCH-MEM'BER, noun A member in communion with a church; a professor of religion.

Church-Music

CHURCH-MU'SIC, noun The service of singing or chanting in a church.

2. Music suited to church service.

Churchship

CHURCH'SHIP, noun Institution of the church.

South.

Church-Warden

CHURCH-WARDEN, noun A keeper or guardian of the church, and a representative of the parish. Church-wardens are appointed by the minister, or elected by the parishioners, to superintend the church, its property and concerns, and the behavior of the parishioners. For these and many other purposes, they possess corporate powers.

Johnson. Encyc.

Church-Way

CHURCH'-WAY, noun The way, street or road that leads to the church.

Church-Work

CHURCH'-WORK, noun Work carried on slowly.

Todd.

Church-Yard

CHURCH-YARD, noun The ground adjoining to a church in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.

ohnson.

Churl

CHURL, noun [Saxon ceorl; Dutch kaerel; German kerl; Danish karl. It signifies primarily, a man, or rather a male, for it was applied to other animals, as a carl-cat, a male-cat; and males are named from their strength, or the sex implies it; hence, carl-hemp denoted strong hemp. Huscarla, a house-carl, or servant; buscarla, a ship's-carl. See Spelman. Hence the name, Charles, Carolus.]

1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man.

Sidney.

2. A rustic; a countryman, or laborer.

Dryden.

3. A miser; a niggard. Isaiah 32.

Churlish

CHURL'ISH, adjective Rude; surly; austere; sullen; rough in temper; unfeeling; uncivil.

2. Selfish; narrow-minded; avaricious.

King.

3. [Of things.] Unpliant; unyielding; cross-grained; harsh; unmanageable; as churlish metal.

Bacon.

4. Hard; firm; as a churlish knot.

Shak.

5. Obstinate; as a churlish war.

Bacon.

Churlishly

CHURL'ISHLY, adverb Rudely; roughly; in a churlish manner.

Churlishness

CHURL'ISHNESS, noun Rudeness of manners or temper, but generally the word refers to the temper or disposition of mind; sullenness; austerity; indisposition to kindness or courtesy.

Churly

CHURL'Y, adjective Rude; boisterous.

Churme

CHURME, or CHIRM, noun [Saxon cyrm, clamor; cyrman, to cry out; Welsh garm.] Noise; clamor, or confused noise. Obs.

Bacon.

Churn

CHURN, noun [Saxon ciern, cyrin, or cerene, a churn; cernan, to churn; Dutch karn, karnen; Danish kierne, kierner.]

A vessel in which cream or milk is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous and serous parts, to make butter.

Churn

CHURN, verb transitive To stir or agitate cream for making butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued motion, as in the operation of making butter.

Churned

CHURN'ED, participle passive Agitated; made into butter.

Churning

CHURN'ING, participle of the present tense Agitating to make butter; shaking; stirring.

Churning

CHURN'ING, noun The operation of making butter from cream by agitation; a shaking or stirring.

2. As much butter as is made at one operation.

Churn-Staff

CHURN'-STAFF, noun The staff or instrument used in churning.

Churrworm

CHURR'WORM, noun [Saxon cyrran, to turn, and worm.]

An insect that turns about nimbly, called also a fancricket.

Johnson. Bailey.

Chuse

CHUSE, [See Choose.]

Chusite

CHU'SITE, noun A yellowish mineral found by Saussure in the cavities of porphyries in the environs of Limbourg.

Ure.

Chylaceous

CHYLA'CEOUS, adjective [See Chyle.] Belonging to chyle; consisting of chyle.

Chyle

CHYLE, noun [Greek, juice, humor.] In animal bodies, a white or milky fluid separated from aliments by means of digestion. It is absorbed by the lacteal vessels, by which it is conveyed into the circulation, assimilated into blood, and converted into nutriment.

Encyc. Quincy. Coxe.

Chylifaction

CHYLIFAC'TION, noun [chyle and Latin facio.] The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies.

Arbuthnot.

Chylifactive

CHYLIFAC'TIVE, adjective Forming or changing into chyle; having the power to make chyle.

Chylopoetic

CHYLOPOET'IC, adverb [Greek, chyle, and, to make.]

Chylifactive; having the power to change into chyle; making chyle.

Arbuthnot.

Chylous

CHY'LOUS, adjective [from chyle.] Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it.

Arbuthnot.

Chyme

CHYME, noun [Greek, juice.] That particular modification which food assumes after it has undergone the action of the stomach.

Cyc.

Among the older authors, juice; chyle, or the finest part of the chyle contained in the lacteals and thoracic duct; any humor incrassated by concoction, whether fit or unfit for preserving and nourishing the body.

Encyc. Coxe. Bailey.

Chymic

CHYMIC, CHYMIST, CHYMISTRY. [See Chimical, Chimist, Chimistry.]

Cibarious

CIBA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin cibarius, from cibus, food.]

Pertaining to food; useful for food; edible.

Johnson.

Cibol

CIB'OL, noun [French ciboule; Latin cepula.] A sort of small onion.

Cicada

CICA'DA, noun [Latin See Cigar.] The frog-hopper, or flea locust; a genus of insects of many species.

Cicatricle

CIC'ATRICLE, noun [Latin cicatricula, from cicatrix.]

The germinating or fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the yelk of an egg; as, "germinating cicatricle."

Barton.

Cicatrisive

CIC'ATRISIVE, adjective Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix.

Cicatrix

CIC'ATRIX, or CIC'ATRICE, noun [Latin cicatrix; French cicatrice.] A scar; a little seam or elevation of flesh remaining after a wound or ulcer is healed.

Encyc.

Cicatrizant

CIC'ATRIZANT, noun [from cicatrize.] A medicine or application that promotes the formation of a cicatrix, such as Armenian bole, powder of tutty, &c. It is called also an escharotic, epulotic, incarnative, agglutinant, &c.

Encyc.

Cicatrization

CICATRIZA'TION, noun The process of healing or forming a cicatrix; or the state of being healed, cicatrized or skinned over.

Cicatrize

CIC'ATRIZE, verb transitive To heal, or induce the formation of a cicatrix, in wounded or ulcerated flesh; or to apply medicines for that purpose.

Cicatrize

CIC'ATRIZE, verb intransitive To heal or be healed; to skin over; as wounded flesh cicatrizes.

Cicatrized

CIC'ATRIZED, participle passive Healed, as wounded flesh; having a cicatrix formed.

Cicatrizing

CIC'ATRIZING, participle of the present tense Healing; skinning over; forming a cicatrix.

Cicely

CIC'ELY, noun A plant, a species of Chaerophyllum. The sweet cicely is a species of Scandix.

Cicerone

CICERO'NE, noun [from Cicero.] A guide; one who explains curiosities.

Addison.

Ciceronian

CICERO'NIAN, adjective [from Cicero, the Roman orator.]

Resembling Cicero, either in style or action; in style, diffuse and flowing; in manner, vehement.

Ciceronianism

CICERO'NIANISM, noun Imitation or resemblance of the style or action of Cicero.

Cichoraceous

CICHORA'CEOUS, adjective [from Latin cichorium, succory or wild endive.] Having the qualities of succory.

Floyer.

Cicisbeism

CICISBE'ISM, noun The practice of dangling about females.

Cicisbeo

CICISBE'O, noun [Italian] A dangler about females.

Smollett.

Cicurate

CIC'URATE, verb transitive [Latin cicur, tame; cicuro, to tame.]

To tame; to reclaim from wildness. [Little used.]

Cicuration

CICURA'TION, noun The act of taming wild animals. [Little used.]

Cicuta

CICU'TA, noun [Latin cicuta; Welsh cegid; French cigue; Armoric chagud. The Welsh is from ceg, a choking.]

Water-hemlock, a plant whose root is poisonous. This term was used by the ancients and by medical writers for the Conium maculatum, or common hemlock, the expressed juice of which was used as a common poison. Socrates and Phocion perished by it. It is now used medicinally in moderate doses, with good effect.

Cider

CI'DER, noun [French cidre or sidre; Italian sidro; Spanish sidra; Armoric cistr; Portugese cidra, a citron and cider. This cannot be the Greek, unless the radical letter has been changed.]

The juice of apples expressed, a liquor used for drink. The word was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor; but it is now appropriated to the juice of apples, before and after fermentation.

Ciderist

CI'DERIST, noun A maker of cider.

Mortimer.

Ciderkin

CI'DERKIN, noun The liquor made of the gross matter of apples, after the cider is pressed out, and a quantity of boiled water is added; the whole steeping forty eight hours.

Phillips.

[The two last words, I believe, are little used in America.]

Cierge

CIERGE, noun [French Qu. Latin cera.] A candle carried in processions.

Cigar

CIGAR', noun [Spanish cigarro, a small roll of tobacco for smoking. In Spanish cigarra is the Latin cicada, the balm-cricket or locust. Portugese cigarra; and in Spanish cigarron is a large species of that animal, and a large roll of tobacco.]

A small roll of tobacco, so formed as to be tubular, used for smoking. Cigars are of Spanish origin.

Ciliary

CIL'IARY, adjective [Latin cilium, the eye-lashes, or edge of the eyelid.] Belonging to the eyelids.

Ray.

Ciliated

CIL'IATED, adjective [from Latin cilium, as above.] In botany, furnished or surrounded with parallel filaments, or bristles, resembling the hairs of the eye-lids, as a ciliated leaf, &c.

Encyc. Martyn.

Cilicious

CILI'CIOUS, adjective [from Latin cilium, whence cilicium, hair cloth.] Made or consisting of hair.

Brown.

Cima

CIMA, [See Cyma.]

Cimbal

CIM'BAL, noun [Italian ciambella.] A kind of cake.

Cimbric

CIM'BRIC, adjective Pertaining to the Cimbri, the inhabitants of the modern Jutland, in Denmark, which was anciently called the Cimbric Chersonese. Hence the modern names, Cymru, Wales, Cambria; Cymro, a Welshman; Cymreig, Welsh, or the Welsh language; names indicating the Welsh to be a colony of the Cimbri or from the same stock.

Cimbric

CIM'BRIC, noun The language of the Cimbri.

Cimiter

CIM'ITER, noun [French cimiterre; Spanish and Portugese cimitarra; Italian scimitarra.]

A short sword with a convex edge or recurvated point, used by the Persians and Turks. [This word is variously written; but it is a word of foreign origin, and it is not material which orthography is used, provided it is uniform. I have adopted that which is most simple.]

Cimmerian

CIMME'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Cimmerium, a town at the mouth of the Palus Maeotis. The ancients pretended that this country was involved in darkness; whence the phrase Cimmerian darkness, to denote a deep or continual obscurity. The country is now called Crimea, or Krim-Tartary.

Cimolite

CIM'OLITE, noun [Greek; Latin cimolia, so called by Pliny; said to be from Cimolus, an isle in the Cretan Sea, now Argentiera.]

A species of clay, used by the ancients, as a remedy for erysipelas and other inflammations. It is white, of a loose, soft texture, molders into a fine powder, and effervesces with acids. It is useful in taking spots from cloth. Another species, of a purple color, is the steatite or soap-rock. From another species, found in the isle of Wight, tobacco pipes are made.

Pliny. Lib. 35. 17. Encyc.

Cinchona

CINCHO'NA, noun The Peruvian bark, quinquina, of which there are three varieties, the red, yellow and pale.

Cincture

CINC'TURE, noun [Latin cinctura, from cingo, to surround, to gird; Italian cintura; French ceinture.]

1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body.

Pope.

2. That which encompasses, or incloses.

Bacon.

3. In architecture, a ring or list at the top and bottom of a column, separating the shaft at one end from the base; at the other, from the capital. It is supposed to be in imitation of the girths or ferrils anciently used to strengthen columns.

Chambers.

Cinder

CIN'DER, noun chiefly used in the plu. cinders. [French cendre; Italian cenere; Spanish ceniza; Latin cinis, ashes. In Welsh sindw, is the cinders or scoria of a forge; Saxon sinder, the scoria of metals; Dutch zindel; Swedish sinder. Qu. Greek, dust, ashes.]

1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes; embers. [This is the usual sense of the word in America.]

2. Small particles of matter, remaining after combustion, in which fire is extinct; as the cinders of a forge.

[I believe this word is never used as synonymous with ashes.]

Cinder-Wench

CINDER-WENCH, or CINDER-WOMAN, noun A woman whose business is to rake into heaps of ashes for cinders.

[Not known in America.]

Johnson.

Cineration

CINERA'TION, noun [from Latin cinis, ashes.]

The reducing of any thing to ashes by combustion.

Cinereous

CINE'REOUS, adjective [Latin cinereus, from cinis, ashes.] Like ashes; having the color of the ashes of wood.

Martyn.

Cineritious

CINERI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin cinericius, from cinis, ashes.] Having the color or consistence of ashes.

Cheyne.

Cingle

CIN'GLE, noun [Irish ceangal; Latin cingulum, from cingo, to gird.] A girth; but the word is little used. [See Surcingle.]

Cinnabar

CIN'NABAR, noun [Greek; Latin cinnabaris; Pers. kanbar.]

Red sulphuret of mercury. Native cinnabar is an ore of quicksilver, moderately compact, very heavy, and of an elegant striated red color. It is called native vermilion, and its chief use is in painting. The intensity of its color is reduced by bruising and dividing it into small parts. It is found amorphous, or under some imitative form, or crystalized. Factitious cinnabar is a mixture of mercury and sulphur sublimed, and thus reduced into a fine red glebe.

Encyc. Cleaveland. Hooper.

Cinnabarine

CIN'NABARINE, adjective Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.

Journ. of Science.

Cinnamon

CIN'NAMON, noun [Greek, or; Latin cinnamomum. Qu. Italian cannella; Spanish canela; Dutch kaneel; French cannelle. It is in the Hebrew.]

The bark of two species of Laurus. The true cinnamon is the inner bark of the Laurus Cinnamomum, a native of Ceylon. The base cinnamon is from the Laurus Cassia. The true cinnamon is a most grateful aromatic, of a fragrant smell, moderately pungent taste, accompanied with some degree of sweetness and astringency. It is one of the best cordial, carminative and restorative spices. The essential oil is of great price.

Encyc. Hooper.

Cinnamon stone, called by HaÃƒ-¼y, Essonite, is a rare mineral from Ceylon, of a hyacinth red color, yellowish brown or honey yellow; sometimes used in jewelry.

Cleaveland.

Cinnamon-water, is made by distilling the bark, first infused in barley water, in spirit of wine, brandy or white wine.

Clove-cinnamon, is the bark of a tree growing in Brazil, which is often substituted for real cloves.

White-cinnamon, or Winter's bark, is the bark of a tree, growing in the West Indies, of a sharp biting taste, like pepper.

Cinque

CINQUE, n. cink. [French five.] A five; a word used in games.

Cinque-Foil

CINQUE-FOIL, noun [French cinque, five, and feuille, a leaf, Latin folium.] Five-leaved clover, a species of Potentilla.

Cinque-Pace

CINQUE-PACE, noun [French cinque, five, and pas, pace.] A kind of grave dance.

Shak.

Cinque-Ports

CINQUE-PORTS, noun [French cinque, five, and ports.]

Five havens on the eastern shore of England, towards France, viz. Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich. To these ports, Winchelsea and Rye have been added. These were anciently deemed of so much importance, in the defense of the kingdom against an invasion from France, that they received royal grants of particular privileges, on condition of providing a certain number of ships in war at their own expense. Over these is appointed a warden, and each has a right to send two barons to Parliament.

Cowel. Blackstone. Encyc.

Cinque-Spotted

CINQUE-SPOTTED, adjective Having five spots.

Shak.

Cion

CI'ON, noun [French cion or scion. Different modes of spelling the same word are very inconvenient; and whatever may have been the original orthography of this word, cion, the most simple, is well established, and is here adopted.]

1. A young shoot, twig or sprout of a tree, or plant, or rather the cutting of a twig, intended for ingrafting on another stock; also, the shoot or slip inserted in a stock for propagation.

Cipher

CI'PHER, noun [French chiffre; Armoric chyfr or cyfr; Italian cifera or cifra; Spanish and Portugese cifra; Dutch cyffer; German ziffer; Danish ciffer; Swedish ziffra; Russian tsiphir; Arabic empty, and a cipher.]

1. In arithmetic, an Arabian or Oriental character, of this form 0, which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the value of other figures, according to its position. In whole numbers, when placed at the right hand of a figure, it increases its value ten fold; but in decimal fractions, placed at the left hand of a figure, it diminishes the value of that figure ten fold.

2. A character in general.

Raleigh.

3. An intertexture of letters, as the initials of a name, engraved on a seal, box, plate, coach or tomb; a device; an enigmatical character. Anciently, merchants and tradesmen, not being permitted to bear family arms, bore, in lieu of them, their cyphers, or initials of their names, artfully interwoven about a cross.

Encyc.

4. A secret or disguised manner of writing; certain characters arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more persons, to stand for letters or words, and understood only by the persons who invent, or agree to use them. This is a mode of communicating information by letters, in time of war, with a view to conceal facts from an enemy, in case the letters should be intercepted. This art has given rise to another art, that of decyphering; and hence cipher is used for a key to unravel the characters. To have, or to learn a cipher, is to be able to interpret it.

Cipher

CI'PHER, verb intransitive In popular language, to use figures, or to practice arithmetic.

Cipher

CI'PHER, verb transitive To write in occult characters.

Hayward.

2. To designate; to characterize.

Shak.

Ciphering

CI'PHERING, participle of the present tense Using figures, or practicing arithmetic.

2. Writing in occult characters.

Cipolin

CIP'OLIN, noun [Qu. Italian cipolla, an onion, cipollina, a shalot.]

A green marble from Rome, containing white zones. It consists chiefly of carbonate of lime, with quartz, shistus, and a small portion of iron.

Nicholson.

Circ

CIRC, [See Circus.]

Circean

CIRCE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Circe, the fabled daughter of Sol and Perseis, who was supposed to possess great knowledge of magic and venomous herbs, by which she was able to charm and fascinate.

Bryant.

Circensian

CIRCEN'SIAN, adjective [Latin circenses, games of the circus.]

Pertaining to the Circus, in Rome, where were practiced games of various kinds, as running, wrestling, combats, &c. The Circensian games accompanied most of the feasts of the Romans; but the grand games were held five days, commencing on the 15th of September.

Lempriere. Encyc.

Circinal

CIR'CINAL, adjective [Latin circinus, a compass; circino, to go round. See Circle.]

Rolled in spirally downwards, the tip occupying the center; a term in foliation or leafing, as in ferns.

Martyn.

Circinate

CIR'CINATE, verb transitive [Latin circino, to go round.]

To make a circle; to compass.

Circination

CIRCINA'TION, noun An orbicular motion. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Circle

CIR'CLE, n. sur'kl. [French cercle; Italian circolo; Latin circulus, from circus; Greek; Spanish cerco; Italian cerchio; from the Celtic, Welsh cyrc, from cwr, a circle, a limit; Arabic to go round. Class Greek No. 32. 34.]

1. In geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve line, called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point called the center. Of course all lines drawn from the center to the circumference or periphery, are equal to each other.

2. In popular use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid matter of a round substance, are denominated a circle; a ring; an orb; the earth.

He that sitteth on the circle of the earth. Isaiah 40.

3. Compass; circuit; as the circle of the forest.

Shak.

4. An assembly surrounding the principal person. Hence, any company, or assembly; as a circle of friends, or of beauties. Hence the word came to signify indefinitely a number of persons of a particular character, whether associated or not; as a political circle; the circle of one's acquaintance; having however reference to a primary association.

5. A series ending where it begins, and perpetually repeated; a going round.

Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain.

Dryden.

6. Circumlocution; indirect form of words.

Fletcher.

7. In logic, an inconclusive form of argument, when the same terms are proved in orbem by the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alternately by each other, directly and indirectly; or when the foregoing proposition is proved by the following, and the following is inferred from the foregoing; as, "that heavy bodies descend by gravity, and that gravity is a quality by which a heavy body descends."

Encyc. Glanville. Watts.

8. Circles of the sphere, are such as cut the mundane sphere, and have their periphery either on its movable surface, as the meridians; or in another immovable, conterminous and equidistant surface, as the ecliptic, equator, and its parallels.

9. Circles of altitude or almucantars, are circles parallel to the horizon, having their common pole in the zenith, and diminishing as they approach the zenith.

10. Circles of latitude, are great circles perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles and through every star and planet.

11. Circles of longitude, are lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it.

12. Circle of perpetual apparition, one of the lesser circles, parallel to the equator, described by any point of the sphere touching the northern point of the horizon, and carried about with the diurnal motion. The stars within this circle never set.

13. Circle of perpetual occultation, another lesser circle at a like distance from the equator, which includes all the stars which never appear in our hemisphere.

14. Diurnal circles, are immovable circles supposed to be described by the several stars and other points in the heavens, in their diurnal rotation round the earth, or rather in the rotation of the earth round its axis.

15. Horary circles, in dialing, are the lines which show the hours on dials.

16. Circles of the empire, the provinces or principalities of the German empire, which have a right to be present at the diets. Maximilian I. divided the empire into six circles at first, and afterwards into ten; Austria, Burgundy, Lower Rhine, Bavaria, Upper Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Upper Rhine, Westphalia, and Lower Saxony.

17. Druidical circles, in British Topography, are certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged; as Stonehenge near Salisbury.

Encyc.

Circle

CIR'CLE, verb transitive To move round; to revolve round.

And other planets circle other suns.

Pope.

2. To encircle; to encompass; to surround; to inclose.

Prior. Pope.

3. To circle in, to confine; to keep together.

Digby.

Circle

CIR'CLE, verb intransitive To move circularly; as, the bowl circles; the circling years.

Circled

CIR'CLED, participle passive Surrounded; encompassed; inclosed.

Circled

CIR'CLED, adjective Having the form of a circle; round; as the moon's circled orb.

Shak.

Circler

CIR'CLER, noun A mean poet, or circular poet.

B. Jonson.

Circlet

CIR'CLET, noun A little circle; a circle; an orb.

Pope.

Circling

CIR'CLING, participle of the present tense Surronding; going round; inclosing.

Circling

CIR'CLING, adjective Circular; round.

Milton.

Circocele

CIR'COCELE, noun [Greek or, a dilated vein, and, a tumor. But the same Greek word seems to be written, which would give the orthography, cirsocele.]

A varix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein; a varicocele; hernia varicosa.

Quincy. Coxe.

Circuit

CIR'CUIT, n. sur'kit. [French circuit; Latin circuitus; of circa, circum, and eo, to go.]

1. The act of moving or passing round; as the periodical circuit of the earth round the sun, or of the moon round the earth.

Watts.

2. The space inclosed in a circle, or within certain limits.

Milton.

3. Any space or extent measured by traveling round.

Addison.

4. That which encircles; a ring; a diadem.

Shak.

5. In England, the journey of judges through several counties or boroughs, for the purpose of holding courts. In the United States, the journey of judges through certain states or counties for the same purpose.

6. The counties or states in which the same judge or judges hold courts and administer justice. It is common to designate a certain number of counties to form a circuit, and to assign one or more judges to each circuit. The courts in the circuits are called circuit courts. In the government of the United States, a certain number of states form a circuit.

7. A long deduction of reason.

Donne.

8. In law, a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued for.

Cowel. Encyc. Johnson.

Bailey gives this as the definition of circuity.

Circuit

CIR'CUIT, verb intransitive To move in a circle; to go round.

Philips.

Circuit

CIR'CUIT, verb transitive To move or go round.

Warton.

Circuiteer

CIRCUITEE'R, noun One that travels a circuit.

Pope.

Circuition

CIRCUI'TION, noun [Latin circuitio.] The act of going round; compass; circumlocution. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Circuitous

CIR'CUITOUS, a. sur'kitous. Going round in a circuit; not direct; as a circuitous road or course.

Circuitously

CIR'CUITOUSLY, adverb In a circuit.

Circuity

CIRCU'ITY, noun A going round; a course not direct.

Ash.

Circular

CIR'CULAR, adjective [Latin circularis. See Circle.]

1. In the form of a circle; round; circumscribed by a circle; spherical; as, the sun appears to be circular.

2. Successive in order; always returning.

Roscommon.

3. Vulgar; mean; circumforaneous; as a circular poet.

Dennis.

4. Ending in itself; used of a paralogism, where the second proposition at once proves the first, and is proved by it.

Johnson. Baker.

5. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; as a circular letter.

6. Circular lines, such straight lines as are divided from the divisions made in the arch of a circle; as the lines of sines, tangents and secants, on the plain scale and sector.

Johnson.

7. Circular numbers, are those whose powers terminate in the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.

Bailey.

8. Circular sailing, is the method of sailing by the arch of a great circle.

Encyc.

Circular

CIR'CULAR, noun A circular letter, or paper.

Circularity

CIRCULAR'ITY, noun A circular form.

Circularly

CIR'CULARLY, adverb In a circular manner; in the form of a circle; in the form of going and returning.

Circulate

CIR'CULATE, v. i. sur'culate. [French circuler; Latin circulo.]

1. To move in a circle; to move or pass round; to move round and return to the same point; as, the blood circulates in the body.

2. To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money circulates in the country; a story circulates in town.

3. To move round; to run; to flow in veins or channels, or in an inclosed place; as, the sap of plants circulates; water circulates in the earth, or air in a city or house.

Circulate

CIR'CULATE, verb transitive To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to put about; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.

Circulation

CIRCULA'TION, noun The act of moving round, or in a circle, or in a course which brings or tends to bring the moving body to the point where its motion began; as the circulation of the blood in the body.

2. A series in which the same order is preserved and things return to the same state.

3. The act of going and returning; or of passing from place to place, or from person to person; as the circulation of money.

4. Currency; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for coin.

5. In chimistry, circulation is an operation by which the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be returned and distilled several times.

Circulatorious

CIRCULATO'RIOUS, adjective Travelling in a circuit, or from house to house. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Circulatory

CIR'CULATORY, adjective Circular; as a circulatory letter.

2. Circulating.

Circulatory

CIR'CULATORY, noun A chimical vessel, in which that which rises from the vessel on the fire is collected and cooled in another fixed upon it, and falls down again.

Johnson.

Circumambiency

CIRCUMAM'BIENCY, noun [Latin circum, around, and ambio, to go about. See Ambient.]

The act of surrounding, or encompassing.

Brown.

Circumambient

CIRCUMAM'BIENT, adjective Surrounding; encompassing; inclosing or being on all sides; used particularly of the air about the earth.

Circumambulate

CIRCUMAM'BULATE, verb intransitive [Latin circumambulo, to walk round; circum and ambulo.]

To walk round about. [Little used.]

Circumambulation

CIRCUMAMBULA'TION, noun The act of walking round. [Little used.]

Circumcellion

CIRCUMCEL'LION, noun [Latin circum, about, and cella, a cell, or cellar. Hence, a vagrant.]

In church history, a set of illiterate peasants that adhered to the Donatists in the fourth century.

Milner.

Circumcise

CIR'CUMCISE, v. t. sur'cumcize. [Latin circumcido, circum, around, and cido, to cut; French circoncire; Spanish circuncidar; Italian circoncidere.]

To cut off the prepuce or foreskin of males; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and Mohammedan religions. The word is applied also to a practice among some nations of performing a like operation upon females.

Circumciser

CIR'CUMCISER, noun One who performs circumcision.

Milton.

Circumcision

CIRCUMCIS'ION, noun The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin,

Circumcursation

CIRCUMCURSA'TION, noun [Latin circum, about, and curso, to run.]

The act of running about. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Circumduct

CIRCUMDUCT', verb transitive [Latin circumduco; circum, round, and duco, to lead.]

To contravene; to nullify; a term of civil law. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Circumduction

CIRCUMDUC'TION, noun A leading about. [Little used.]

Hooker.

2. An annulling; cancellation. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Circumfer

CIR'CUMFER, verb transitive [Latin circumfero.] To bear or carry round. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Circumference

CIRCUM'FERENCE, noun [Latin circumferentia, from circum, round, and fero, to carry.]

1. The line that bounds a circle; the exterior line of a circular body; the whole exterior surface of a round body; a periphery.

Newton. Milton.

2. The space included in a circle.

Milton. Dryden.

3. An orb; a circle; any thing circular or orbicular; as in Milton, speaking of a shield,

The broad circumference

Hung on his shoulders like the moon.

Circumference

CIRCUM'FERENCE, verb transitive To include in a circular space. [Not used.]

Brown.

Circumferential

CIRCUMFEREN'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to the circumference.

Parkhurst.

Circumferentor

CIRCUMFEREN'TOR, noun An instrument used by surveyors for taking angles. It consists of a brass index, and circle, all of a piece; on the circle is a chart, divided into 360 degrees. There are also two sights to screw on and slide up and down the index; also a spangle and socket screwed on the back side of the circle to put the head of the staff in.

Encyc.

Circumflex

CIR'CUMFLEX, noun [Latin circumflexus; circum, round, and flecto, to bend.]

In grammar, an accent serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an intermediate sound between acute and grave; marked in Greek thus ~. It is a kind of undulation in the voice, but not used in English.

Circumflex

CIR'CUMFLEX, verb transitive To mark or pronounce with the accent called a circumflex.

Walker.

Circumfluence

CIRCUM'FLUENCE, noun [Latin circumfluens; circum, round, and fluo, to flow.]

A flowing round on all sides; an inclosure of waters.

Circumfluent

CIRCUM'FLUENT, adjective Flowing round; surrounding as a fluid; as, circumfluent waves.

Pope.

Circumfluous

CIRCUM'FLUOUS, adjective [Latin circumfluus. See Circumfluence.] Flowing round; encompassing as a fluid; circumfluent.

Milton. Pope.

Circumforanean

CIRCUMFORA'NEAN, or CIRCUMFORA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin circumforaneus; circum, around, and foris, a door, or abroad.]

Going about; walking or wandering from house to house; as a circumforaneous fidler or piper; circumforaneous wits.

Addison, Spect. 47.

Circumforaneous musicians, male and female, are daily seen at the doors of hotels, in France; and sometimes they enter the room, where a company is dining, and entertain them with music; expecting a franc or a few sous as a reward.

Welsh

Circumfuse

CIRCUMFU'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin circumfusus; circum and fundo, fusus, to pour.]

1. To pour round; to spread round, as a fluid.

Bacon.

2. To spread round; to surround.

Milton.

Circumfusile

CIRCUMFU'SILE, adjective [Latin circum, and fusilis, that may be melted.]

That may be poured or spread round; as, circumfusile gold.

Pope.

Circumfusion

CIRCUMFU'SION, noun [See Circumfuse.]

The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being poured round.

Johnson.

Circumgestation

CIRCUMGESTA'TION, noun [Latin circum and gestatio.] A carrying about.

Taylor.

Circumgyrate

CIRCUM'GYRATE, or CIRCUMGY'RE, verb transitive [Latin circum, and gyrus, a turning round.]

To roll or turn round. [Little used.]

Ray.

Circumgyration

CIRCUMGYRA'TION, noun The act of turning, rolling or whirling round; the turning of a limb in its socket.

Quincy. Cheyne.

Circumjacent

CIRCUMJA'CENT, adjective [Latin circumjacens; circum and jaceo, to lie.]

Lying round; bordering on every side.

Johnson.

Circumligation

CIRCUMLIGA'TION, noun [Latin circumligo, to bind round; circum and ligo, to bind.]

The act of binding round; the bond with which any thing is encompassed.

Johnson.

Circumlocution

CIRCUMLOCU'TION, noun [Latin circumlocutio; circum and locutio, a speaking, loquor, to speak.]

A circuit or compass of words; a periphrase; the use of a number of words to express an idea, when a suitable term is not at hand, or when a speaker chooses to avoid the use of a single term, either from delicacy or respect, or with a view to soften the force of a direct expression, or for other reason.

Circumlocutory

CIRCUMLOC'UTORY, adjective Pertaining to circumlocution; consisting or contained in a compass of words; periphrastic.

Shenstone.

Circummured

CIRCUMMU'RED, adjective [Latin circum and murus, a wall.]

Walled round; encompassed with a wall.

Shak.

Circumnavigable

CIRCUMNAV'IGABLE, adjective [See Circumnavigate.] That may be sailed round.

Ray.

Circumnavigate

CIRCUMNAV'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin circumnavigo; circum and navigo, to sail, from navis, a ship.]

To sail round; to pass round by water; as, to circumnavigate the globe.

Circumnavigation

CIRCUMNAVIGA'TION, noun The act of sailing round.

Arbuthnot.

Circumnavigator

CIRCUMNAV'IGATOR, noun One who sails round.

Circumplication

CIRCUMPLICA'TION, noun [Latin circumplico; circum and plico, to fold.]

A folding, winding or wrapping round; or a state of being enwrapped. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Circumpolar

CIRCUMPO'LAR, adjective [Latin circum, and polar.]

About the pole; an appellation given to stars, which are so near the north pole, as to revolve round it without setting. The number of these depends on the latitude of the spectator. We apply it to the north polar region and stars, but the word is applicable to either pole.

Circumposition

CIRCUMPOSI'TION, n. s as z. [Latin circum, and positio.]

The act of placing in a circle; or the state of being so placed.

Evelyn.

Circumrasion

CIRCUMRA'SION, n. s as z. [Latin circumrasio; circum and rado, to shave.]

The act of shaving or paring round. [Little used.]

Circumrotary

CIRCUMRO'TARY, adjective Turning, rolling or whirling round.

Shenstone.

Circumrotation

CIRCUMROTA'TION, noun [Latin circum and rotatio, rotation, from roto, to turn round.]

The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution; the state of being whirled round.

Gregory.

Circumscribe

CIRCUMSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin circumscribo; circum and scribo, to draw.] Literally, to draw a line round. Hence,

1. To inclose within a certain limit; to limit, bound, confine.

You are above The little forms which circumscribe your sex.

Southern.

2. To write round. [Little used.]

Circumscribed

CIRCUMSCRI'BED, participle passive Drawn round as a line; limited; confined.

In geometry, this word is applied to a figure which is drawn round another figure, so that all its sides or planes touch the inscribed figure.

Encyc.

Circumscribing

CIRCUMSCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Drawing a line round; inclosing; limiting; confining.

Circumscriptible

CIRCUMSCRIP'TIBLE, adjective That may be circumscribed or limited by bounds.

Circumscription

CIRCUMSCRIP'TION, noun The line that limits; limitation; bound; confinement.

Shak.

2. In natural philosophy, the termination or limits of a body; the exterior line which determines the form or magnitude of a body.

Ray.

3. A circular inscription.

Ashmole.

Circumscriptive

CIRCUMSCRIP'TIVE, adjective Defining the external form; marking or inclosing the limits or superficies of a body.

Grew.

Circumscriptively

CIRCUMSCRIP'TIVELY, adverb In a limited manner.

Montagu.

Circumspect

CIR'CUMSPECT, adjective [Latin circumspectus; circum and specio, to look.]

Literally, looking on all sides; looking round. Hence,

Cautious; prudent; watchful on all sides; examining carefully all the circumstances that may affect a determination, or a measure to be adopted.

Boyle. Haywood.

Circumspection

CIRCUMSPEC'TION, noun [Latin circumspectio.] Caution; attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case, and to the natural or probable consequences of a measure, with a view to a correct course of conduct, or to avoid danger.

Clarendon. Milton.

Circumspective

CIRCUMSPEC'TIVE, adjective Looking round every way; cautious; careful of consequences; watchful of danger.

Pope.

Circumspectively

CIRCUMSPEC'TIVELY, adverb Cautiously; vigilantly; heedfully; with watchfulness to guard against danger.

Circumpectly

CIR'CUMPECTLY, adverb Cautiously; with watchfulness every way; with attention to guard against surprise or danger.

Ray.

Circumspectness

CIR'CUMSPECTNESS, noun Caution; circumspection; vigilance in guarding a-against evil from every quarter.

Wotton.

Circumstance

CIR'CUMSTANCE, noun [Latin circumstantia, from circumstans, standing about; circum and sto, to stand.]

Literally, that which stands around or near. Hence,

1. Something attending, appendant, or relative to a fact, or case; a particular thing, which, though not essential to an action, in some way affects it; the same to a moral action, as accident to a natural substance; as, the circumstances of time, place and persons, are to be considered.

2. The adjuncts of a fact, which make it more or less criminal, or make an accusation more or less probable; accident; something adventitious; incident; event.

Johnson.

3. Circumstances, in the plural, condition, in regard to worldly estate; state of property; as a man in low circumstances, or in easy circumstances.

Circumstanced

CIR'CUMSTANCED, participle passive or adjective Placed in a particular manner, with regard to attending facts or incidents; as, circumstanced as we were, we could not escape.

Circumstant

CIR'CUMSTANT, adjective Surrounding. [Little used or not at all.]

Circumstantial

CIRCUMSTAN'TIAL, adjective Attending; relating to; but not essential.

2. Consisting in or pertaining to circumstances, or to particular incidents.

The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth under circumstantial variety.

Paley.

3. Incidental; casual.

Donne.

4. Abounding with circumstances, or exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular; as a circumstantial account or recital.

5. In law, circumstantial evidence is that which is obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises presumption.

Blackstone.

Circumstantiality

CIRCUMSTANTIAL'ITY, noun The appendage of circumstances; the state of any thing as modified by circumstances.

Johnson.

2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances; minuteness; as the circumstantiality of a story or description.

Circumstantially

CIRCUMSTAN'TIALLY, adverb According to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally.

Glanville.

2. Minutely; exactly; in every circumstance or particular.

Broome.

Circumstantiate

CIRCUMSTAN'TIATE, verb transitive To place in particular circumstances; to invest with particular accidents or adjuncts.

Bramhall.

2. To place in a particular condition with regard to power or wealth.

Swift.

[This word is little used.]

Circumterraneous

CIRCUMTERRA'NEOUS, adjective [circum, about, and terra, earth.] Around the earth.

Halywell.

Circumvallate

CIRCUMVAL'LATE, verb transitive To surround with a rampart. [Little used.]

Circumvallation

CIRCUMVALLA'TION, noun [Latin circumvallo, to wall round; circum, and vallo, to fortify with a rampart.]

1. In the art of war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart; also, a wall, rampart, or parapet with a trench, surrounding the camp of a besieging army, to prevent desertion, and guard the army against any attempt of an enemy to relieve the place besieged.

Encyc.

2. The rampart, or fortification surrounding a besieged place.

[Note. This word, from the Latin, vallo, or vallum, vallus, denotes properly the wall or rampart thrown up; but as the rampart is formed by entrenching, and the trench makes a part of the fortification, the word is applied to both. See Wall.]

Circumvection

CIRCUMVEC'TION, noun [Latin circum, and veho, to carry.] A carrying about. [Not used.]

Circumvent

CIRCUMVENT', verb transitive [Latin circumvenio; circum, and venio, to come.] Literally, to come round; hence,

To gain advantage over another, or to accomplish a purpose, by arts, stratagem, or deception; to deceive; to prevail over another by wiles or fraud; to delude; to impose on.

Milton. Dryden.

Circumvented

CIRCUMVENT'ED, participle passive Deceived by craft or stratagem; deluded.

Circumventing

CIRCUMVENT'ING, participle of the present tense Deceiving; imposing on.

Circumvention

CIRCUMVEN'TION, noun The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture; delusion.

South.

2. Prevention; preoccupation Obs.

Shak.

Circumventive

CIRCUMVENT'IVE adjective Deceiving by artifices; deluding.

Circumvest

CIRCUMVEST', verb transitive [Latin circumvestio; circum, and vestio, to clothe.]

To cover round, as with a garment.

Wotton.

Circumvolation

CIRCUMVOLA'TION, noun [Latin circumvolo; circum, and volo, to fly.]

The act of flying round. [Little used.]

Circumvolution

CIRCUMVOLU'TION, noun The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled; also, the thing rolled round another.

Arbuthnot. Wilkins.

2. In architecture, the torus of the spiral line of the Ionic order.

Encyc.

Circumvolve

CIRCUMVOLVE, v. t. circumvolv'. [Latin circumvolvo; circum, and volvo, to roll.]

To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular motion.

Glanville.

Circumvolve

CIRCUMVOLVE, verb intransitive To roll round; to revolve.

Circumvolved

CIRCUMVOLV'ED, participle passive Rolled round; moved in a circular manner.

Circumvolving

CIRCUMVOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Rolling round; revolving.

Circus

CIRC'US, noun plu. circuses. [Latin circus; French cirque; Italian circo; Spanish circo; Greek; whence circle, which see.]

1. In antiquity, a round or oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows to the people. The Roman circus was encompassed with porticos, and furnished with rows of seats, rising one above anther for the accommodation of spectators. The Circus Maximus was nearly a mile in circumference.

Adam. Encyc.

2. The open area, or space inclosed, in which were exhibited games and shows; as wrestling, fighting with swords, staves or pikes, running or racing, dancing, quoits, &c.

3. In modern times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship.

Cirl

CIRL, noun An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cirriferous

CIRRIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin cirrus, a tendril, and fero, to bear.]

Producing tendrils or claspers, as a plant.

Cirrous

CIR'ROUS, adjective [Latin cirrus, a curl.] Terminating in a cirrus, curl or tendril; as a cirrous leaf.

Martyn.

Cisalpine

CISALP'INE, adjective [Latin cis, on this side, and Alpes, Alps, whence alpinus, alpine.]

On this side of the Alps, with regard to Rome; that is, on the south of the Alps; opposed to transalpine.

Cispadane

CIS'PADANE, adjective [Latin cis, on this side, and Padus, the river Po, whence padanus.]

On this side of the Po, with regard to Rome; that is, on the south side.

Stephens.

Cissoid

CISSOID', noun [Greek, ivy, and, form.] A curve of the second order, invented by Diocles.

Bailey. Encyc.

Cist

CIST, noun A case. [See Cyst, the proper orthography.]

Cisted

CIST'ED, adjective Inclosed in a cyst. [See Cysted.]

Cistercian

CISTER'CIAN, noun [Cisteaux, in France.] A monk, a reformed Benedictine.

Cistern

CIS'TERN, noun [Latin cisterna; cista, and Saxon oern, place, repository.]

1. An artificial reservoir or receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, as in domestic uses, distilleries, and breweries.

2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water; as a fountain or lake.

Cistic

CIST'IC, adjective [See Cystic.]

Cistus

CIST'US, noun [Greek.] The rock-rose, a genus of plants of many species, most of them natives of the southern parts of Europe. Some of them are beautiful evergreen flowering shrubs, and ornamental in gardens.

Encyc.

Cit

CIT, noun [contracted from citizen.] A citizen, in a low sense; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; a pragmatical trader.

Pope.

Citadel

CIT'ADEL, noun [French citadelle; Italian cittadella; Spanish ciudadela; from the Italian citta, city.]

A fortress or castle, in or near a city, intended for its defense; a place of arms.

Johnson. Encyc.

Cital

CI'TAL, noun [from cite.] Reproof; impeachment. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. Summons; citation; quotation. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Citation

CITA'TION, noun [Latin citatio, from cito, to cite, which see.]

1. A summons; an official call or notice, given to a person, to appear in a court, and answer to a demand; a call or notice to appear, in various other cases, and the paper containing such notice or call.

2. Quotation; the act of citing a passage from a book; or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted.

Watts. Atterbury.

3. Enumeration; mention.

Harvey.

Citatory

CI'TATORY, adjective Citing; calling; having the power or form of citation; as, letters citatory.

Ayliffe.

Cite

CITE, verb transitive [Latin cito, to call; French citer; Italian citare; Spanish Portugese citar; Gothic haitan; Saxon hoetan, or hatan, to call, order, command; German heissen, whence behest; Dutch heeten; Swedish heta; Danish heder. The same word in Dutch and Danish signifies to heat. The sense then is to rouse, push, drive, stimulate. See Excite, Incite.]

1. To call upon officially, or authoritatively; to summon; to give legal or official notice, as to a defendant to appear in court, to answer or defend.

Milton.

2. To enjoin; to direct; to summon; to order or urge.

Prior.

3. To quote; to name or repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from a book or from verbal communication; as, to cite a passage from scripture, or to cite the very words a man utters.

Bacon. Dryden.

4. To call or name, in support, proof or confirmation; as, to cite an authority to prove a point in law.

Citer

CI'TER, noun One who cites or summons into court.

2. One who quotes a passage or the words of another.

Citess

CIT'ESS, noun [See Cit.] A city woman. [Little used.]

Citharistic

CITHARIS'TIC, adjective [Latin cithara, a harp or lyre.]

Pertaining to or adapted to the harp; or appropriated to the accompaniment of the harp.

Mus. Dict.

Cithern

CITH'ERN, noun [Latin cithara; Italian citara; Spanish citara; Dutch cyter; Greek.]

A stringed musical instrument, among the ancients, the precise form of which is not known, but it bore some resemblance to the modern guitar, the name of which is evidently from this ancient word.

Citicism

CIT'ICISM, noun [from cit.] The manners of a cit or citizen.

B. Johnson.

Citied

CIT'IED, adjective Belonging to a city.

Drayton.

Citisin

CIT'ISIN, noun A substance of a yellow color, obtained from the seeds of the Cytisus Laburnum.

Webster's Manual.

Citizen

CIT'IZEN, n. cit'izn. [French citoyen; Italian cittadino; Spanish ciudadano; Portugese cidadam; from Italian citta, Spanish ciudad, a city. See City.]

1. The native of a city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privileges of the city in which he resides; the freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises.

2. A townsman; a man of trade; not a gentleman.

Shak.

3. An inhabitant; a dweller in any city, town or place.

Dryden.

4. In a general sense, a native or permanent resident in a city or country; as the citizens of London or Philadelphia; the citizens of the United States.

5. In the U. States, a person, native or naturalized, who has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, or the qualifications which enable him to vote for rulers, and to purchase and hold real estate.

If the citizens of the U. States should not be free and happy, the fault will be entirely their own.

Washington.

Citizen

CIT'IZEN, adjective Having the qualities of a citizen.

Citizenize

CIT'IZENIZE, verb transitive To make a citizen; to admit to the rights and privileges of a citizen.

Talleyrand was citizenized in Pennsylvania, when there in the form of an emigrant.

Pickering.

Citizenship

CIT'IZENSHIP, noun The state of being vested with the rights and privileges of a citizen.

Bp. Horne.

Citrate

CIT'RATE, noun [Latin citrus, a citron or lemon.] In chimistry, a neutral salt, formed by a union of the citric acid, or acid of lemons, with a base.

The onion yields citrate of lime.

Ure.

Citric

CIT'RIC, adjective Belonging to lemons or limes; as citric acid.

Citril

CIT'RIL, noun A beautiful song bird of Italy.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Citrination

CITRINA'TION, noun [See Citrine.] The turning to a yellow green color.

Citrine

CIT'RINE, adjective [Latin citrinus.] Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon color; yellow, or greenish yellow.

Citrine

CIT'RINE, noun [Latin citrinus.] A species of very fine sprig crystal, of a beautiful yellow color, found in columns, and terminating in a hexangular pyramid.

Hill. Encyc.

Citron

CIT'RON, noun [French citron; Latin citreum, or citrum.]

The fruit of the citron tree, a large species of lemon.

Citron-Tree

CIT'RON-TREE, noun The tree which produces the citron, of the genus Citrus. It has an upright smooth stem, with a branchy head, rising from five to fifteen feet, adorned with large, oval, spear-shaped leaves. To the same genus belong the lemon-tree, orange-tree, &c.

Encyc.

Citron-Water

CIT'RON-WATER noun A liquor distilled with the rind of citrons.

Pope.

Citrul

CIT'RUL, noun The pompion or pumpkin, so named from its yellow color. [I believe not used.]

City

CIT'Y, noun [French citÃƒ-©; Italian citta, cittade or cittate; Spanish ciudad; Portugese cidade; from the Latin civitas.]

1. In a general sense, a large town; a large number of houses and inhabitants, established in one place.

2. In a more appropriate sense, a corporate town; a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and aldermen.

This is the sense of the word in the United States. In Great Britain, a city is said to be a town corporate that has a bishop and a cathedral church; but this is not always the fact.

3. The collective body of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city; as when we say, the city voted to establish a market, and the city repealed the vote.

City

CIT'Y, adjective Pertaining to a city; as city wives; a city feast; city manners.

Shak.

City-Court

CITY-COURT, noun The municipal court of a city, consisting of the mayor or recordÃƒ-¨r and aldermen.

U. States.

Cives

CIVES, noun [French cive; Latin cepa.] A species of leek, of the genus Allium.

Civet

CIV'ET, noun [French civette; Italian zibetto; Pers. zabad, the sweet scent of any beast, Arabic cream, and civet; a civet-cat. The Arabic verb signifies to make butter, and this substance may be named from its resemblance to it.]

A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the civet-cat. It is of a clear, yellowish, or brownish color; of a strong smell, and offensive when undiluted, but agreeable when a small portion is mixed with another substance. It is used as a perfume.

Encyc.

Civet-Cat

CIV'ET-CAT, noun The animal that produces civet, a species of Viverra. This animal bears a resemblance to a cat or to a fox; it is of a cinereous color, tinged with yellow, marked with dusky spots disposed in rows. It inhabits India, Guinea, Ethiopia, and Madagascar.

Encyc.

Civic

CIV'IC, adjective [Latin civicus, from civis, a citizen.] Literally, pertaining to a city or citizen; relating to civil affairs or honors.

Pope.

The civic crown, in Roman affairs, was a crown or garland of oak boughs, bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.

Civil

CIV'IL, adjective [Latin civilis, from civis, a citizen; French civil; Italian civile; Spanish civil. Qu. the Welsh cau, to shut, inclose, fence, hedge; for the rude inhabitants of antiquity fortified their towns with hedges, stakes or palisades.]

1. Relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of a state; as in the phrases, civil rights, civil government, civil privileges, civil war, civil justice. It is opposed to criminal; as a civil suit, a suit between citizens alone; whereas a criminal process is between the state and a citizen. It is distinguished from ecclesiastical, which respects the church; and from military, which respects the army and navy.

2. Relating to any man as a member of a community; as civil power, civil rights, the power or rights which a man enjoys as a citizen.

3. Reduced to order, rule and government; under a regular administration; implying some refinement of manners; not savage or wild; as civil life; civil society.

4. Civilized; courteous; complaisant; gentle and obliging; well-bred; affable; kind; having the manners of a city, as opposed to the rough, rude, coarse manners of a savage or clown.

Where civil speech and soft persuasion hung.

Prior.

5. Grave; sober; not gay or showy.

Till civil suited morn appear.

Milton.

6. Complaisant; polite; a popular colloquial use of the word.

7. Civil death, in law, is that which cuts off a man from civil society, or its rights and benefits, as banishment, outlawry, excommunication, entering into a monastery, &c., as distinguished from natural death.

8. Civil law, in a general sense, the law of a state, city or country; but in an appropriate sense, the Roman law; the municipal law of the Roman empire, comprised in the Institutes, Code and Digest of Justinian and the Novel Constitutions.

Blackstone.

9. Civil list, the officers of civil government, who are paid from the public treasury; also, the revenue appropriated to support the civil government.

Blackstone.

The army of James II. was paid out of his civil list.

Hamilton.

10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens, not included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical states.

11. Civil war, a war between people of the same state or city; opposed to foreign war.

12. Civil year, the legal year, or annual account of time which a government appoints to be used in its own dominions, as distinguished from the natural year, which is measured by the revolution of the heavenly bodies.

Bailey. Encyc.

13. Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval architecture; as private houses, palaces, churches, &c.

Civilian

CIVIL'IAN, noun [from civil.] One who is skilled in the Roman law; a professor or doctor of civil law.

Encyc.

2. In a more extended sense, one who is versed in law and government.

3. A student of the civil law at the university.

Graves.

Civilist

CIV'ILIST, noun A civilian. [Not in use.]

Civility

CIVIL'ITY, noun [Latin civilitas, from civilis, civil; Italian civilita; Spanish civilidad.]

1. The state of being civilized; refinement of manners; applied to nations; as distinguished from the rudeness of barbarous nations. [This sense is obsolescent or obsolete.]

Spenser. Davies. Denham.

2. Good breeding; politeness; complaisance; courtesy; decorum of behavior in the treatment of others, accompanied with kind offices, and attention to their wants and desires. Civility respects manners or external deportment, and in the plural, civilities denote acts of politeness.

Clarendon. South. Dryden.

Civilization

CIVILIZA'TION, noun [See Civilize.] The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; the state of being refined in manners, from the grossness of savage life. and improved in arts and learning.

2. The act of rendering a criminal process civil. [Not used.]

Civilize

CIV'ILIZE, verb transitive [Italian civilizzare; French civiliser; Spanish Portugese civilizar; from civil.]

To reclaim from a savage state; to introduce civility of manners among a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular life.

Locke. Waller. Denham.

Civilized

CIV'ILIZED, participle passive Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning and civil manners.

Such sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable with the present state of civilized society.

J. Quincy.

Civilizer

CIV'ILIZER, noun One who civilizes; he that reclaims others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the rules and customs of civility.

2. That which reclaims from savageness.

Civilizing

CIV'ILIZING, participle of the present tense Reclaiming from savage life; instructing in arts and civility of manners.

Civilly

CIV'ILLY, adverb In a manner relating to government, or to the rights or character of a member of the community.

Hooker.

2. In a manner relating to private rights; opposed to criminally; as a process civilly commenced for the private satisfaction of a party injured.

Ayliffe.

3. Not naturally, but in law; as a man civilly dead.

4. Politely; complaisantly; gently; with due decorum; courteously; as, we were civilly treated.

Dryden. Prior.

5. Without gaudy colors, or finery; as chambers furnished civilly. Obs.

Bacon.

Civism

CIV'ISM, noun [Latin civis, a citizen.] Love of country; patriotism.

Cizar

CIZ'AR, verb transitive To clip with scissors. [Not in use nor correct.]

Beaum.

Cize

CIZE, for size, is not in use.

Clabber

CLAB'BER or BONNY-CLABBER, noun Milk turned, become thick or inspissated. [German lab, Dutch leb. rennet.]

Clack

CLACK, verb intransitive [French claquer, to flap or snap; cliquet, a mill-clapper; cliqueter, to clack; Welsh cleca, clegyr; Irish clagaim; Dutch klakken; Saxon cloccan, to cluck, Latin glocio. Probably from the root of the Latin loquor, Greek,. See Cluck, and Class Lg. No 27.]

1. To make a sudden sharp noise, as by striking or cracking; to clink; to click.

2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp, abrupt sounds; to let the tongue run.

Clack

CLACK, noun [Welsh clec, a sharp noise, a crack, tale-bearing; cleca, clecian, clegyr, to clack, to crack, to tattle. See the Verb.]

1. A sharp, abrupt sound continually repeated, such as is made by striking an object, or by bursting or cracking; continual talk; as, we do not wish to hear his clack; a common expression. Hence the word is used for the tongue, the instrument of clacking.

Butler. Prior.

2. The instrument that strikes the hopper of a grist-mill, to move or shake, it, for discharging the corn. And according to Johnson, a bell that rings when more corn is required to be put in.

To clack wool, is to cut off the sheep's mark, which makes it weigh less, and yield less duty. [Not used, I believe, in America.]

Clacker

CLACK'ER, noun One that clacks; that which clacks.

Clacking

CLACK'ING, participle of the present tense Making a sharp, abrupt sound, continually repeated; talking continually; tattling; rattling with the tongue.

Clacking

CLACK'ING, noun A prating.

Clad

CLAD, participle passive [See Clothe.] Clothed; invested; covered as with a garment.

Jeroboam had clad himself with a new garment. 1 Kings 11.

The fields are clad in cheerful green.

Claim

CLAIM, verb transitive [Latin clamo, to cry out, to call upon; Italian clamare, or chiamare; Portugese clamar; Spanish llamar; Saxon hlemman; Swedish glamma; Irish glamaim.]

1. To call for; to ask or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due; as, to claim a debt; to claim obedience, or respect.

2. To assert, or maintain as a right; as, he claims to be the best poet of the age.

3. To have a right or title to; as, the heir claims the estate by descent; he claims a promise.

4. To proclaim. Obs.

Spenser.

5. To call or name. Obs.

Claim

CLAIM, noun A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due, or supposed to be due; as a claim of wages for services. A claim implies a right or supposed right in the claimant to something which is in another's possession or power. A claim may be made in words, by suit, and by other means. The word is usually preceded by make or lay; to make claim; to lay claim.

2. A right to claim or demand; a title to any debt, privilege or other thing in possession of another; as, a prince has a claim to the throne.

Homer's claims to the first rank among Epic poets have rarely been disputed.

Anon.

3. The thing claimed, or demanded.

4. A loud call.

Spenser

[This original sense of the word is now obsolete.]

Claimable

CLA'IMABLE, adjective That may be demanded as due.

Claimant

CLA'IMANT, noun A person who claims; one who demands any thing as his right.

2. A person who has a right to claim, or demand.

Claimed

CLA'IMED, participle passive Demanded as due; challenged as a right; asserted; maintained.

Claimer

CLA'IMER, noun A claimant; one who demands as due.

Claiming

CLA'IMING, participle of the present tense Demanding as due; challenging as a right; asserting; maintaining; having a right to demand.

Clair-Obscure

CLAIR-OBSCURE. [See Clare-obscure.]

Clam

CLAM, noun [See the Verb.] The popular name of certain bivalvular shell-fish, of many species.

Clam-Shell

CLAM'-SHELL, noun The shell of a clam.

Clam

CLAM, verb transitive [Saxon cloemian, to glue; Dutch klam, clammy; lym, glue; German klamm, close, clammy; klemmen, to pinch; Danish klammer, to cling; klemmer, to squeeze, or pinch; lim, glue; limer, to glue; limagtig, clammy. Qu. Welsh clymu, to bind or tie a knot. See Lime and Class Lm. No. 1. 5. 9. 13.]

To clog with glutinous or viscous matter.

L'Estrange.

Clam

CLAM, verb intransitive To be moist. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Clamant

CLA'MANT, adjective [See Claim.] Crying, beseeching.

Thomson.

Clamber

CLAM'BER, verb intransitive [from climb, or Dutch klampen, to grapple.]

To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet.

Addison.

Clambering

CLAM'BERING, participle of the present tense Climbing with effort and labor.

Clamminess

CLAM'MINESS, noun [See Clammy.] The state of being viscous; viscosity; stickiness; tenacity of a soft substance.

Moxon.

Clammy

CLAM'MY, adjective [See Clam.] Thick, viscous, adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; tenacious; as, bodies clammy and cleaving.

Bacon.

Cold sweat, in clammy drops, his limbs o'erspread.

Dryden.

Clamor

CLAM'OR, noun [Latin clamor; French clameur; Irish glam; Saxon hlem. See Claim.]

1. A great outcry; noise; exclamation; vociferation, made by a loud human voice continued or repeated, or by a multitude of voices. It often expresses complaint and urgent demand.

Shak. Prior.

2. Figuratively, loud and continued noise, as of a river or other inanimate things.

Addison.

Clamor

CLAM'OR, verb transitive To stun with noise.

Bacon.

To clamor bells, is to multiply the strokes.

Warburton.

Clamor

CLAM'OR, verb intransitive To utter loud sounds, or outcries; to talk loud; to utter loud voices repeatedly; to vociferate, as an individual; to utter loud voices, as a multitude; to complain; to make importunate demands.

Shak. Bacon.

Those who most loudly clamor for liberty do not most liberally grant it.

Anon.

"Clamor your tongues" in Shakspeare, if intended to mean, "stop from noise," is not English. Perhaps the word was clam, or intended for a derivative.

Clamorer

CLAM'ORER, noun One who clamors.

Chesterfield.

Clamoring

CLAM'ORING, participle of the present tense Uttering and repeating loud words; making a great and continued noise; particularly in complaint or importunate demands.

Clamorous

CLAM'OROUS, adjective Speaking and repeating loud words; noisy; vociferous; loud; turbulent.

Hooker. Pope. Swift.

Clamorously

CLAM'OROUSLY, adverb With loud noise, or words.

Clamorousness

CLAM'OROUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being loud or noisy.

Clamp

CLAMP, noun [Dutch klamp; German klammer, klemmen; Danish klamp; Welsh clymu, to tie.]

1. In general, something that fastens or binds; a piece of timber or of iron, used to fasten work together; or a particular manner of uniting work by letting boards into each other.

2. In ship-building, a thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustain the ends of the beams.

3. A smooth crooked plate of iron forelocked on the trunnions of a cannon to keep it fast to the carriage. Clamps are also used to strengthen masts, and to fasten the masts and bowsprits of small vessels and of boats.

Mar. Dict.

4. A pile of bricks laid up for burning, in which the end of one brick is laid over another, and a space is left between the bricks for the fire to ascend.

Encyc.

Clamp-irons, irons used at the ends of fires to keep the fuel from falling.

Bailey.

Clamp-nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.

Clamp

CLAMP, verb transitive To fasten with clamps.

2. In joinery, to fit a piece of board with the grain, to the end of another piece of board across the grain; as, to clamp a table to prevent its warping.

Moxon.

Clamped

CLAMP'ED, participle passive United or strengthened with a clamp.

Clamping

CLAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Fastening or strengthening with a clamp.

Clan

CLAN, noun [Irish clann, or cland, children, posterity; a tribe, breed, generation, family. Erse. clan or klaan.]

1. A race; a family; a tribe. Hence, an association of persons under a chieftain.

Milton. Dryden.

2. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of persons closely united by some common interest or pursuit.

Swift.

NOTE. In Russian kolieno signifies a knee, and a family, race or tribe. Irish glun, the knee, and a generation.

Clancular

CLAN'CULAR, adjective [Latin clancularius.] Clandestine; secret; private; concealed. [Little used.]

Clancularly

CLAN'CULARLY, adverb Privately; secretly. [Little used.]

Clandestine

CLANDES'TINE, adjective [Latin clandestinus.] Secret; private; hidden; withdrawn from public view. It often bears an ill sense, as implying craft or deception, or evil design.

Clandestinely

CLANDES'TINELY, adverb Secretly; privately; in secret.

Clandestineness

CLANDES'TINENESS, noun Secrecy; a state of concealment.

Clang

CLANG, verb transitive [Latin clango, to sound; German klang; Dutch klank; Swedish klang; Danish klang; Greek,,. It appears from the Greek, that n is not radical, and that this word belongs to Class Lg, coinciding with clink, clank, and probably with clack.]

To make a sharp, shrill sound, as by striking metallic substances; or to strike with a sharp sound.

They clanged their sounding arms.

Prior.

Clang

CLANG, noun [Latin clangor; German klang; Dutch klank. See the Verb.]

A sharp, shrill sound, made by striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies, as the clang of arms; or any like sound, as the clang of trumpets. This word implies a degree of harshness in the sound, or more harshness than clink.

Milton.

Clangor

CLAN'GOR, noun [Latin] A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. [See Clang.]

Dryden.

Clangorous

CLAN'GOROUS, adjective Sharp, or harsh in sound.

Spectator.

Clangous

CLAN'GOUS, adjective Making a clang, or a shrill, or harsh sound.

Brown.

Clanish

CLAN'ISH, adjective Closely united, like a clan; disposed to adhere closely, as the members of a clan.

Clanishness

CLAN'ISHNESS, noun Close adherence or disposition to unite, as a clan.

Clank

CLANK, noun [See Clang.] The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies.

Spectator.

Clank

CLANK, verb transitive To make a sharp, shrill sound; to strike with a sharp sound; as, the prisoners clank their chains.

Clanship

CLAN'SHIP, noun A state of union, as in a family, or clan; an association under a chieftain.

Robertson. Encyc.

Clap

CLAP, verb transitive pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. [Dutch klappen, kloppen; Danish klapper; Swedish klappa; German klappen or klaffen; Russian kleplyu. The Dutch and German words signify to clap or strike, and to talk, clatter, prate. Saxon cleopian or clypian, to call, to speak, whence ycleped, obs. Welsh clepian, to clack, to babble, from llep, a lapping, llepiaw, to lap, to lick. The sense is to send, drive or strike, Latin alapa, a slap.]

1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to make a noise by the collision; to strike with something broad, or having a flat surface; as, to clap the hands; to clap the wings.

Locke. Dryden.

2. To thrust; to drive together; to shut hastily; followed by to; as, to clap to the door or gate.

Locke. Shak.

3. To thrust or drive together; to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion; followed by to, on or in; as, to clap the hand to the mouth; to clap spurs to a horse; to clap on a saddle.

Watts. Addison. Dryden.

4. To thrust; to put, place or, send; followed by in, into, under, over, &c.; as, to clap one under the hatches; to clap one into Bedlam; to clap a board over a pit.

Shak. Spectator.

5. To applaud; to manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands together; as, to clap a performance on the stage.

6. To infect with venereal poison.

Wiseman.

To clap up, to make or complete hastily; as, to clap up a peace.

Shak. Howel.

2. To imprison hastily, or with little delay.

Sandys.

Clap

CLAP, verb intransitive To move or drive together suddenly with noise.

The doors around me clapt.

Dryden.

2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness; to drive or thrust on; as we say to reapers or mowers, clap in, or clap to, that is, enter on the work, begin without delay, begin briskly.

3. To strike the hands together in applause.

Bid them clap.

Shak.

Clap

CLAP, noun A driving together; a thrust and collision of bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces.

Give the door a clap.

Swift.

2. A sudden act or motion; a thrust.

Pay all debts at one clap.

Swift.

3. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion; as a clap of thunder.

4. An act of applause; a striking of hands to express approbation.

Addison.

5. A venereal infection. [French clapoir; Dutch klapoor.]

Pope.

6. With falconers, the nether part of the beak of a hawk.

Bailey.

Clap-Board

CLAP'-BOARD, noun A thin narrow board for covering houses. In England, according to Bailey, a clapboard is also what in America is called a stave for casks.

Clap-Dish

CLAP'-DISH, noun A wooden bowl or dish.

Clap-Doctor

CLAP'-DOCTOR, noun One who is skilled in healing the clap.

Tatler.

Clap-Net

CLAP'-NET, noun A net for taking larks, united with a looking glass.

Bailey. Encyc.

Clapped

CLAP'PED, participle passive Thrust or put on or together; applauded by striking the hands together; infected with the venereal disease.

Clapper

CLAP'PER, noun A person who claps, or applauds by clapping.

2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper.

Clapper-Claw

CLAP'PER-CLAW, verb transitive [clap and claw.] To scold; to abuse with the tongue; to revile.

Shak. Hudibras.

Clapping

CLAP'PING, participle of the present tense Driving or putting on, in, over, or under, by a sudden motion; striking the hands together.

Clare

CLARE, noun A nun of the order of St. Clare.

Todd.

Clarenceux

CLAR'ENCEUX, or CLAR'ENCIEUX, noun In Great Britain, the second king at arms, so called from the duke of Clarence, and appointed by Edward IV. His office is to marshal and dispose the funerals of all baronets, knights and esquires, on the south of the river Trent.

Bailey. Encyc.

Clare-Obscure

CLARE-OBSCU'RE, noun [Latin clarus, clear, and obscurus, obscure.]

Light and shade in painting; or the particular distribution of the lights and shades of a piece, with respect to the ease of the eye and the effect of the whole piece; also, a design of two colors.

Encyc.

Claret

CLAR'ET, noun [French clairet, from clair, clear; Italian claretto.]

A species of French wine, of a clear pale red color.

Thomson.

Clarichord

CLAR'ICHORD, noun [Latin clarus, clear, and chorda, a string. See Chord.]

A musical instrument in form of a spinet, called also manichord. It has forty nine or fifty stops or keys, and seventy strings; some of the latter being in unison. There are several little mortises for passing the jacks, armed with brass hooks, which stop and raise the chords, instead of the feather used in virginals and spinets. The chords are covered with pieces of cloth, which deaden the sound and render it sweeter. Hence it is particularly used by nuns.

Encyc.

Clarification

CLARIFICA'TION, noun [See Clarify.] The act of clearing; particularly the clearing or fining of liquid substances from all feculent matter.

Bacon.

Clarified

CLAR'IFIED, participle passive Purified; made clear or fine; defecated.

Clarifier

CLAR'IFIER, noun That which clarifies or purifies; as, whites of eggs, blood and isinglass are clarifiers of liquors.

Edwards.

2. A vessel in which liquor is clarified.

Higgins, Med. Repos.

Clarify

CLAR'IFY, verb transitive [French clarifier; Italian chiarificare; from Latin clarus, clear, and facio, to make.[

To make clear; to purify from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; applied particularly to liquors; as, to clarify wine, or syrup.

2. To make clear; to brighten or illuminate; applied to the mind or reason. [Rarely used.]

South.

Clarify

CLAR'IFY, verb intransitive To clear up; to grow clear or bright.

His understanding clarifies, in discoursing with another.

Bacon.

2. To grow or become clear or fine; to become pure, as liquors. Cider clarifies by fermentation.

Clarifying

CLAR'IFYING, participle of the present tense Making clear, pure or bright; defecating; growing clear.

Clarinet

CLAR'INET, noun [French clarinette.] A wind instrument of music.

Clarion

CLAR'ION, noun [French clairon; Spanish clarin; Italian chiarina; Portugese clarim; from Latin clarus, clear, from its shrill sound.]

A kind of trumpet, whose tube is narrower and its tone more acute and shrill than that of the common trumpet.

Encyc.

Claritude

CLAR'ITUDE, noun Clearness; splendor. [Little used.]

Beaum.

Clarity

CLAR'ITY, noun [French clartÃƒ-©; Latin claritas, from clarus, clear.]

Clearness, brightness; splendor. [Little used.]

Bacon. Brown.

Clary

CLAR'Y, verb intransitive To make a loud or shrill noise. [Not used.]

Golding.

Clary

CLA'RY, noun A plant of the genus Salvia, or sage.

Clary-Water

CLA'RY-WATER, noun A composition of brandy, sugar, clary-flowers, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dissolved in it. It is a cardiac and helps digestion.

Encyc.

Clash

CLASH, verb intransitive [Dutch kletsen; German klatschen, klitschen; Danish klatsker.]

To strike against; to drive against with force.

Note. The sense of this word is simply to strike against or meet with force; but when two sounding bodies strike together, the effect is a sound. Hence the word often implies, to strike with a noise, as clashing arms.

Denham.

2. To meet in opposition; to be contrary; to act in a contrary direction; to interfere, as opposing persons, minds, views, interests, &c.; as, the opinions of men clash; clashing interests.

South. Bacon.

Independent jurisdictionsÃ‚--could not fail to clash.

Dwight's Theol.

Clash

CLASH, verb transitive To strike one thing against another, with sound.

Dryden.

Clash

CLASH, noun A meeting of bodies with violence; a striking together with noise; collision, or noisy collision of bodies; as the clash of arms.

Pope. Denham.

2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, &c.

Atterbury. Denham.

Clashing

CLASH'ING, participle of the present tense Striking against with noise; meeting in opposition; opposing; interfering.

Clashing

CLASH'ING, noun A striking against; collision of bodies; opposition.

Howel.

Clasp

CL`ASP, noun [Irish clasba.]

1. A hook for fastening; a catch; a small hook to hold together the covers of a book, or the different parts of a garment, of a belt, &c.

Addison.

2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms round.

Shak.

Clasp

CL`ASP, verb transitive To shut or fasten together with a clasp.

Pope.

2. To catch and hold by twining; to surround and cling to; as the clasping ivy.

Milton.

3. To inclose and hold in the hand; or simply to inclose or encompass with the fingers.

Bacon.

4. To embrace closely; to throw the arms round; to catch with the arms.

Milton. Dryden.

5. To inclose, and press.

Clasped

CL`ASPED, participle passive Fastened with a clasp; shut; embraced; inclosed; encompassed; caught.

Clasper

CL`ASPER, noun He or that which clasps; usually the tendril of a vine or other plant, which twines round something for support.

Claspered

CL`ASPERED, adjective Furnished with tendrils.

Clasping

CL`ASPING, participle of the present tense Twining round; catching and holding; embracing; inclosing; shutting or fastening with a clasp.

2. In botany, surrounding the stem at the base, as a leaf.

Martyn.

Clasp-Knife

CL`ASP-KNIFE, noun A knife which folds into the handle.

Johnson.

Class

CL`ASS, noun [Latin classis, a class, a fleet, a troop, that is, a collection; Italian classe; French classe; Spanish clase; Armoric claÃƒ-§z, and sclaÃƒ-§z; Danish klasse, a class, and klase, a cluster, a bunch. This seems to be a branch of the root of Latin claudo, clausus.]

1. An order or rank of persons; a number of persons in society, supposed to have some resemblance or equality, in rank, education, property, talents, and the like; as in the phrase, all classes of men in society.

The readers of poetry may be distinguished into three classes, according to their capacity of judging.

Dryden.

2. A number of students in a college or school, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies. In colleges, the students entering or becoming members the same year, and pursuing the same studies. In academies and schools, the pupils who learn the same lesson, and recite together. In some cases, students of different standings, pursuing the same studies and reciting together, or attending the same professor, or the same course of lectures.

3. Scientific division or arrangement; a set of beings or things, having something in common, or ranged under a common denomination. Hence in zoology, animals are divided into classes; as quadrupeds, fowls, fishes, &c. So in botany, plants are arranged in classes. Classes are natural or artificial; natural, when founded on natural relations, or resemblances; artificial, when formed arbitrarily, for want of a complete knowledge of natural relations.

Martyn.

Class

CL`ASS, verb transitive To arrange in a class or classes; to arrange m sets, or ranks, according to some method founded on natural distinctions; to place together, or in one division, men or things which have or are supposed to have something in common.

2. To place in ranks or divisions students that are pursuing the same studies; to form into a class or classes.

Classic

CLAS'SIC, or CLAS'SICAL, adjective [Latin classicus; French classique; Italian classico; Spanish clasico; from Latin classis, the first order of Roman citizens.]

1. Relating to ancient Greek and Roman authors of the first rank or estimation, which, in modern times, have been and still are studied as the best models of fine writing. Thus, Aristotle, Plato, Demosthenes, Thucydides, &c., among the Greeks, and Cicero, Virgil, Livy, Sallust. Cesar, and Tacitus, among the Latins, are classical authors. Hence,

2. Pertaining to writers of the first rank among the moderns; being of the first order; constituting the best model or authority as an author; as, Addison and Johnson are English classical writers. Hence classical denotes pure, chaste, correct, refined; as a classical taste; a classical style.

At Liverpool, Roscoe is like Pompey's column at Alexandria, towering alone in classic dignity.

Irving.

3. Denoting an order of presbyterian assemblies.

Milton. Mason.

Classic

CLAS'SIC, noun An author of the first rank; a writer whose style is pure, correct, and refined; primarily, a Greek or Roman author of this character; but the word is applied to writers of a like character in any nation.

Pope.

2. A book written by an author of the first class.

Classically

CLAS'SICALLY, adverb In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes, or sets.

It would be impossible to bear all its specific details in the memory, if they were not classically arranged.

Kerr's Lavoisier.

2. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors.

Classific

CLASSIF'IC, adjective Constituting a class or classes; noting classification, or the order of distribution into sets.

Med. Repos. Hex. 2.

Classification

CLASSIFICA'TION, noun [See Classify.] The act of forming into a class or classes; distribution into sets, sorts or ranks.

Enfield's Phil. Encyc.

Classified

CLAS'SIFIED, participle passive Arranged in classes; formed into a class or classes.

Classify

CLAS'SIFY, verb transitive [Latin classis, a class, and facio, to make; a word of modern coinage.]

To make a class or classes; to distribute into classes; to arrange in sets according to some common properties or characters.

The diseases and casualties are not scientifically classified.

Tooke, Russian Emp. i. 531.

See also, Aikin's Letters. 106. Black's Chimistry. i. 345. Walsh. iii. 44. Stewart, El. Phil. i. 187.

Classifying

CLAS'SIFYING, participle of the present tense Forming a class or classes; arranging in sorts or ranks.

Classis

CLAS'SIS, noun Class; order; sort.

Clarendon.

2. A convention or assembly.

Milton.

Clatter

CLAT'TER, verb intransitive [Dutch klateren, kletteren; Welsh clewtiaw; Saxon clatninge, a clattering. Qu. French eclater; Latin latro; Saxon hlyd, loud. It seems to be a diminutive.]

1. To make rattling sounds; to make repeated sharp sounds, as by striking sonorous bodies; as, to clatter on a shield.

Dryden.

2. To utter continual or repeated sharp sounds, or rattling sounds, by being struck together; as clattering arms.

3. To talk fast and idly; to run on; to rattle with the tongue.

Spenser.

Clatter

CLAT'TER, verb transitive To strike and make a rattling noise.

You clatter still your brazen kettle.

Swift.

2. To dispute, jar or clamor. [A low word.]

Martin.

Clatter

CLAT'TER, noun A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp sounds, made by the collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; rattling sounds.

Swift.

2. Tumultuous and confused noise; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds.

Swift. Shak.

Clatterer

CLAT'TERER, noun One who clatters; a babbler.

Clattering

CLAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Making or uttering sharp, abrupt sounds, as by a collision of sonorous bodies; talking fast with noise; rattling.

Clattering

CLAT'TERING, noun A rattling noise.

Claudent

CLAUD'ENT, adjective [Latin claudens; claudo, to shut.] Shutting; confining; drawing together; as a claudent muscle. [Little used.]

Claudicant

CLAUD'ICANT, adjective Halting; limping. [Little used.]

Claudicate

CLAUD'ICATE, verb intransitive [Latin claudico, to limp, from claudus, lame.] To halt or limp. [Little used, or not at all.]

Claudication

CLAUDICA'TION, noun A halting or limping. [Little used.]

Clause

CLAUSE, n. s as z. [French clause; Latin clausura, from claudo, to shut; Greek,; Welsh claws; close; Saxon hlidan, to cover; hlid, a cover, a lid, which see. Class Ld. No. 1. 8. 9.]

Literally, a close, or inclosure. Hence, that which is included, or contained, within certain limits.

1. In language or grammar, a member of a period or sentence; a subdivision of a sentence, in which the words are inseparably connected with each other in sense, and cannot, with propriety, be separated by a point; as, "there is reason to think that he afterwards rose to favor, and obtained several honors civil and military." In this sentence are two clauses.

2. An article in a contract or other writing; a distinct part of a contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or other writing; a distinct stipulation, condition, proviso, grant, covenant, &c.

South.

Claustral

CLAUS'TRAL, adjective [Latin claustrum, an inclosure, from claudo. See Clause.]

Relating to a cloister, or religious house; as a claustral prior.

Ayliffe.

Clausure

CLAUS'URE, n. s as z. [See Clause.] The act of shutting up or confining; confinement. [Little used.

Geddes.

2. In anatomy, an imperforated canal.

Coxe. Quincy.

Clavated

CLAV'ATED, adjective [Latin clava; a club; Welsh clwpa.]

1. Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker towards the top, as certain parts of a plant.

Martyn.

2. Set with knobs.

Woodward.

Clave

CLAVE, preterit tense of cleave.

Clavellated

CLAV'ELLATED, adjective Clavellated ashes, potash and pearlash.

Coxe.

Claviary

CLAV'IARY, noun [Latin clavis, a key; Greek, contracted from; Latin claudo.]

A scale of lines and spaces in music.

Encyc. art. Clef.

Clavichord

CLAV'ICHORD, noun [Latin clavis, a key, and chorda, a string.]

A musical instrument of an oblong figure, of the nature of a spinet. The strings are muffled with small bits of fine woolen cloth, to soften the sounds; used in nunneries. [See Clarichord.]

Encyc.

Clavicle

CLAV'ICLE, noun [Latin clavicula, a tendril, that is a little key or fastener, from clavis, a key or lock.]

The collar bone. There are two clavicles, or channel bones, joined at one end to the scapula or shoulder bone, and at the other, to the sternum or breast bone.

Quincy.

Claviger

CLAV'IGER, noun [Latin clavis, a key, and gero, to carry.]

One who keeps the keys of any place.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Claw

CLAW, noun [Saxon claw; German klaue; Dutch klaauw; Danish klov; Swedish klof, or klo.]

1. The sharp hooked nail of a beast, bird or other animal.

Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cudÃ‚--ye shall eat. Deuteronomy 14.

His nails were grown like birds claws. Danish iv.

2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails.

3. The hand, in contempt.

Claw

CLAW, verb transitive [Saxon clawen.] To pull, tear or scratch with the nails.

Shak. South.

2. To scratch or tear in general; to tickle.

Shak. Hudibras.

3. To flatter. Obs.

Shak.

To claw off or away, to scold or rail at.

L'Estrange.

2. In seamanship, to turn to windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.

3. In vulgar language, to scratch away; to get off or escape.

Clawback

CLAW'BACK, noun [claw and back.] One who flatters; a sycophant; a wheedler.

Jewel.

Clawed

CLAW'ED, participle passive Scratched, pulled or torn with claws.

2. adjective Furnished with claws.

Grew.

Clawing

CLAW'ING, participle of the present tense Pulling, tearing or scratching with claws or nails.

Clawless

CLAW'LESS, adjective Destitute of claws.

Journ. of Science.

Clay

CLAY, noun [Saxon cloeg; German klei; Dutch klei; Welsh clai; Danish kloeg, viscous, sticky.]

1. The name of certain substances which are mixtures of silex and alumin, sometimes with lime, magnesia, alkali and metallic oxyds. A species of earths which are firmly coherent, weighty, compact, and hard when dry, but stiff, viscid and ductile when moist, and smooth to the touch; not readily diffusible in water, and when mixed, not readily subsiding in it. They contract by heat. Clays absorb water greedily, and become soft, but are so tenacious as to be molded into any shape, and hence they are the materials of bricks and various vessels, domestic and chimical.

Encyc. Cleaveland

2. In poetry and in scripture, earth in general.

Donne.

I also am formed out of the clay. Job 33.

3. In scripture, clay is used to express frailty, liableness to decay and destruction.

They that dwell in houses of clay. Job 4.

Clay

CLAY, verb transitive To cover or manure with clay.

Mortimer.

2. To purify and whiten with clay, as sugar.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Clay-Cold

CLAY-COLD, adjective Cold as clay or earth; lifeless.

Rowe.

Clayed

CLA'YED, participle passive Covered or manured with clay.

2. Purified and whitened with clay; as clayed sugar.

Edwards.

Clayes

CLAYES, n. plu. [French claie, a hurdle; Welsh clwyd.]

In fortification, wattles or hurdles made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments.

Chambers.

Clayey

CLA'YEY, adjective Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.

Clay-Ground

CLAY-GROUND, noun Ground consisting of clay, or abounding with it.

Clayish

CLA'YISH, adjective Partaking of the nature of clay, or containing particles of it.

Clay-Land

CLAY-LAND, or CLAY-SOIL, noun Land consisting of clay, or abounding with it.

Clay-Marl

CLAY-MARL, noun A whitish, smooth, chalky clay.

Mortimer.

Clay-Pit

CLAY-PIT, noun A pit where clay is dug.

Woodward.

Clay-Slate

CLAY-SLATE, noun In mineralogy, argillaceous shist; argillite.

Clay-Stone

CLAY-STONE, noun A mineral, the thonstein of Werner, and indurated clay of Kirwan. It resembles compact limestone or calcarious marl. Its texture is porous, compact or slaty. Its color is gray, often tinged with yellow or blue; also rose or pale red, or brownish red, and sometimes greenish.

Cleaveland.

Clean

CLEAN, adjective [Saxon cloene; Welsh glan, or glain; Irish glan; Armoric glan. The primary sense seems to be, to open or to remove, to separate.]

In a general sense, free from extraneous matter, or whatever is injurious or offensive; hence its signification depends on the nature and qualities of the substances to which it is applied.

1. Free from dirt, or other foul matter; as clean water; a clean cup; a clean floor.

2. Free from weeds or stones; as clean land; a clean garden or field.

3. Free from knots or branches; as clean timber. In America, clear is generally used.

4. Free from moral impurity; innocent.

Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? Job 14. Acts 18.

5. Free from ceremonial defilement. Leviticus 10. Numbers 19.

6. Free from guilt; sanctified; holy. John 13. Psalm 51.

7. That might be eaten by the Hebrews. Genesis 7, 8.

8. That might be used. Luke 11.

9. Free from a foul disease; cured of leprosy. 2 Kings 5. Matthew 8.

10. Dextrous; adroit; not bungling; free from awkwardness; as a clean feat; a clean boxer.

11. Free from infection; as a clean ship. A clean bill of health is a certificate that a ship is clean, or free from infection.

Clean

CLEAN, adverb Quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely; fully; indicating separation or complete removal of every part. "The people passed clean over Jordan." Joshua 3. "Is his mercy clean gone forever?" Psalm 77. This use of clean is not now elegant, and not used except in vulgar language.

2. Without miscarriage; dextrously.

Pope came off clean with Homer.

Henley.

Clean

CLEAN, verb transitive [Saxon cloenan; Welsh glanau. See the Adjective.]

To remove all foreign matter from; to separate from any thing whatever is extraneous to it, or whatever is foul, noxious, or offensive, as dirt or filth from the hands, body or clothes, foul matter from a vessel, weeds, shrubs and stones from a meadow; to purify. Thus, a house is cleaned by sweeping and washing; a field is cleaned by plowing and hoeing.

Cleanliness

CLEAN'LINESS, n. clen'liness. [from cleanly.] Freedom from dirt, filth, or any foul, extraneous matter.

Addison.

2. Neatness of person or dress; purity.

Swift.

Cleanly

CLEAN'LY, a. clen'ly. [from clean.] Free from dirt, filth, or any foul matter; neat; carefully avoiding filth.

Dryden. Addison.

2. Pure; free from mixture; innocent; as cleanly joys.

Glanville.

3. Cleansing; making clean; as cleanly powder.

Prior.

4. Nice; artful; dextrous; adroit; as a cleanly play; a cleanly evasion. Obs.

Spenser. L'Estrange.

Cleanly

CLEAN'LY, adv. clen'ly. In a clean manner; neatly; without filth.

Shak.

Cleanness

CLE'ANNESS, noun Freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign matter; neatness.

2. Freedom from infection or a foul disease.

3. Exactness; purity; justness; correctness; used of language or style; as, cleanness of expression.

Dryden.

4. Purity; innocence.

In scripture, cleanness of hands denotes innocence. Cleanness of teeth denotes want of provisions. Amos 4:6.

Cleansable

CLEANS'ABLE, a. clenz'able. That may be cleansed.

Sherwood.

Cleanse

CLEANSE, v. t. clenz. [Saxon cloensian, from cloene, clean.]

1. To purify; to make clean; to remove filth, or foul matter of any kind, or by any process whatever, as by washing, rubbing, scouring, scraping, purging, ventilation, &c.; as, to cleanse the hands or face; to cleanse a garment; to cleanse the bowels; to cleanse a ship; to cleanse an infected house.

2. To free from a foul or infectious disease; to heal. Leviticus 14:4. 8. Mark 1:42.

3. To free from ceremonial pollution, and consecrate to a holy use. Numbers 8:15. Ezekiel 43:20.

4. To purify from guilt. 1 John 1:7.

5. To remove; as, to cleanse a crime.

Dryden.

Cleansed

CLEANS'ED, pp. clenz'ed. Purified; made clean; purged; healed.

Cleanser

CLEANS'ER, n. clenz'er. He or that which cleanses; in medicine, a detergent.

Arbuthnot.

Cleansing

CLEANS'ING, pp. clenz'ing. Purifying; making clean; purging; removing foul or noxious matter from; freeing from guilt.

Cleansing

CLEANS'ING, n. clenz'ing. The act of purifying, or purging. Mark 1:44. Luke 5:14.

Clean-Timbered

CLE'AN-TIMBERED, adjective Well-proportioned. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Clear

CLEAR, adjective [Welsh claer, clear, bright, from llaer, a reflux, llaeru, to ebb, to clear, or Welsh eglur, clear, from llur, extended, [like floor;] Irish gleair, lear, leir and glor; Armoric sclear; Latin clarus; French clair; Spanish Portugese claro; Italian chiaro; Dutch klaar; German klar; Swedish and Danish klar. See Glare and Glory.]

1. Open; free from obstruction; as a clear plat of ground; the way is clear.

2. Free from clouds, or fog; serene; as a clear day.

3. Free from foreign matter; unmixed; pure; as clear water; clear sand; clear air; clear glass.

4. Free from any thing that creates doubt or uncertainty; apparent; evident; manifest; not obscure; conspicuous; that is, open to the mind; as, the reason is clear.

5. Unclouded; luminous; not obscured; as a clear sun; a clear shining after a rain. 2 Samuel 23.

6. Unobstructed; unobscured; as a clear view.

7. Perspicacious; sharp; as a clear sight.

8. Not clouded with care, or ruffled by passion; cheerful; serene; as a clear aspect.

Milton.

9. Evident; undeniable; indisputable; as the victory was clear.

Milton.

10. Quick to understand; prompt; acute.

Mother of science, now I feel thy power Within me clear.

Milton.

11. Free from guilt or blame; innocent; unspotted; irreproachable. 2 Corinthians 7.

In action faithful, and in honor clear.

Pope.

12. Free from bias; unprepossessed; not preoccupied; impartial; as a clear judgment.

Sidney.

13. Free from debt, or obligation; not liable to prosecution; as, to be clear of debt or responsibility.

Gay.

14. Free from deductions, or charges; as, clear gain or profit.

Locke.

15. Not entangled; unembarrassed; free; as, the cable is clear. A ship is clear, when she is so remote from shore or other object, as to be out of danger of striking, or to have sea room sufficient.

16. Open; distinct; not jarring, or harsh; as a clear sound; a clear voice.

17. Liberated; freed; acquitted of charges; as, a man has been tried and got clear.

18. Free from spots or any thing that disfigures; as a clear skin.

Clear is followed by from or by of.

Thou shalt be clear from this my oath. Genesis 24.

The air is clear of damp exhalations.

Temple.

Clear

CLEAR, adverb Plainly; not obscurely; manifestly.

2. Clean; quite; entirely; wholly; indicating entire separation; as, to cut a piece clear off; to go clear away; but in this sense its use is not elegant.

Clear or in the clear, among joiners and carpenters, denotes the space within walls, or length and breadth clear or exclusive of the thickness of the wall.

Clear

CLEAR, verb transitive To make clear; to fine; to remove any thing foreign; to separate from any foul matter; to purify; to clarify; as, to clear liquors.

2. To free from obstructions; as, to clear the road.

3. To free from any thing noxious or injurious; as, to clear the ocean of pirates; to clear the land of enemies.

4. To remove any incumbrance, or embarrassment; often followed by off or away; as, to clear off debts; to clear away rubbish.

5. To free; to liberate, or disengage; to exonerate; as, to clear a man from debt, obligation, or duty.

6. To cleanse; as, to clear the hands from filth; to clear the bowels.

7. To remove any thing that obscures, as clouds or fog; to make bright; as, to clear the sky; sometimes followed by up.

Dryden. Milton.

8. To free from obscurity, perplexity or ambiguity; as, to clear a question or theory; to clear up a case or point.

Prior.

9. To purge from the imputation of guilt; to justify or vindicate.

How shall we clear ourselves? Genesis 44.

That will by no means clear the guilty. Exodus 34.

10. In a legal sense, to acquit on trial, by verdict; as, the prisoner has been tried and cleared.

11. To make gain or profit, beyond all expenses and charges; as, to clear ten percent. by a sale of goods, or by a voyage.

12. To remove wood from land; to cut down trees, remove or burn them, and prepare land for tillage or pasture; as, to clear land for wheat.

To clear a ship at the custom house, is to exhibit the documents required by law, give bonds or perform other acts requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as the law requires.

To clear the land, in seamen's language, is to gain such a distance from shore, as to have open sea room, and be out of danger from the land.

To clear the hold, is to empty or unload a ship.

To clear a ship for action, or to clear for action, is to remove all incumbrances from the decks, and prepare for an engagement.

Clear

CLEAR, verb intransitive To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; often followed by up, off, or away; as, the sky clears; the weather clears up; it clears away; it clears off.

2. To be disengaged from incumbrances, distress or entanglements; to become free or disengaged.

He that clears at once will relapse.

Bacon.

Clearage

CLE'ARAGE, noun The removing of any thing. [Little used.]

Clearance

CLE'ARANCE, noun A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the custom house; permission to sail.

Cleared

CLE'ARED, participle passive Purified; freed from foreign matter, or from incumbrance; made manifest; made luminous; cleansed; liberated; acquitted.

Clearer

CLE'ARER, noun That which clears, purifies, or enlightens; that which brightens.

Addison.

Clearing

CLE'ARING, participle of the present tense Purifying; removing foul matter, incumbrances, or obstructions; making evident, or luminous; cleansing; liberating; disengaging; acquitting; making gain beyond all costs and charges.

Clearing

CLE'ARING, noun A defense; justification; vindication. 2 Corinthians 7.

2. A place or tract of land cleared of wood for cultivation; a common use of the word in America.

3. The act of making clear.

Clearly

CLE'ARLY, adverb Plainly; evidently; fully; as, the fact is clearly proved.

2. Without obstruction; luminously; as, to shine clearly.

3. With clear discernment; as, to understand clearly.

4. Without entanglement, or confusion.

Bacon.

5. Plainly; honestly; candidly.

Deal clearly and impartially with yourselves.

Tillotson.

6. Without reserve, evasion or subterfuge.

Davies.

Clearness

CLE'ARNESS, noun Freedom from foul or extraneous matter; purity; as the clearness of water, or other liquor.

2. Freedom from obstruction or incumbrance; as the clearness of the ground.

3. Freedom from fogs or clouds; openness; as the clearness of the sky. It generally expresses less than brightness or splendor. Exodus 24.

4. Distinctness; perspicuity; luminousness; as the clearness of reason, of views, of arguments, of explanations.

5. Plainness, or plain dealing; sincerity; honesty; fairness; candor.

Bacon.

6. Freedom from imputation of ill.

Shak.

7. Freedom from spots, or any thing that disfigures; as the clearness of the skin.

Clear-Shining

CLE'AR-SHINING, adjective [clear and shine.] Shining with brightness, or unobstructed splendor.

Shak.

Clear-Sighted

CLE'AR-SIGHTED, adjective [clear and sight.] Seeing with clearness; having acuteness of sight; discerning; perspicacious; as clear-sighted reason; a clear-sighted judge.

Clear-Sightedness

CLEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, noun Acute discernment.

Bp. Barlow.

Clear-Starch

CLE'AR-STARCH, verb transitive [clear and starch.] To stiffen and clear with starch, and by clapping with the hands; as, to clear-starch muslin.

Clear-Starcher

CLE'AR-STARCHER, noun One who clear-starches.

Clear-Starching

CLE'AR-STARCHING, participle of the present tense Stiffening and clearing with starch.

2. noun The act of stiffening and clearing with starch.

Cleat

CLEAT, noun [Qu. the root of Latin claudo, Greek, the fastener.]

A piece of wood used in a ship to fasten ropes upon. It is formed with one arm or two, or with a hollow to receive a rope, and is made fast to some part of a vessel. Cleats are belaying-cleats, deck-cloats or thumb-cleats.

Mar. Dict.

Cleavage

CLE'AVAGE, noun The act of cleaving or splitting.

2. In mineralogy, the manner of cleaving, or of mechanical division. It is used in relation to the fracture of minerals which have natural joints and possess a regular structure.

Phillips.

Cleave

CLEAVE, verb intransitive pret. clave or cleaved. [Saxon cleofian, cliofian, to split and to adhere; clyfian, to adhere; Dutch kleeven; German kleben or kleiben; Danish kloeber, kleber; Swedish klibba; Russian lipnu. The old preterit clave is obsolescent.]

1. To stick; to adhere; to hold to.

My bones cleave to my skin. Psalm 102.

Let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth. Psalm 137.

Cleave to that which is good. Romans 12.

2. To unite aptly; to fit; to sit well on.

Shak.

3. To unite or be united closely in interest or affection; to adhere with strong attachment.

A man shall leave father and mother, and cleave to his wife. Genesis 2. Matthew 19.

Cleave to Jehovah your God. Joshua 23.

Cleave

CLEAVE, verb transitive pret. cleft; pp. cleft or cleaved. The old pret. clove is obsolete; clave is obsolescent. The old participle, cloven, is obsolescent, or rather used as an adjective. [Saxon cleofian, or clifian; Dutch klooven; German klieben; Swedish klyfwa; Danish klÃƒ-¶ver; Russian lopayu; Greek. This word seems to be connected with the Latin liber, free, and bark, book, libero, to free, French livrer, whence deliver.]

1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to open or sever the cohering parts of a body, by cutting or by the application of force; as, to cleave wood; to cleave a rock; to cleave the flood. Psalm 74.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To part or open naturally.

Every beast that cleaveth the cleft into two claws. Deuteronomy 14.

Cleave

CLEAVE, verb intransitive To part; to open; to crack; to separate, as parts of cohering bodies; as, the ground cleaves by frost.

The mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof. Zechariah 14.

Cleaved

CLE'AVED, participle passive Split; rived; divided.

Cleavelandite

CLE'AVELANDITE, noun [from Professor Cleaveland.] A mineral, generally of a white or grayish white color, sometimes blue or bluish or reddish; called also siliceous felspar, or albite.

Phillips.

Cleaver

CLE'AVER, noun One who cleaves; that which cleaves; a butcher's instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.

Arbuthnot.

Cleaving

CLE'AVING, participle of the present tense Sticking; adhering; uniting to. Also, splitting; dividing; riving.

Cleche

CLECHE, noun In heraldry, a kind of cross, charged with another cross of the same figure, but of the color of the field.

Encyc.

Cledge

CLEDGE, noun Among miners, the upper stratum of fuller's earth.

Clef

CLEF, noun [French clef; Latin clavis, a key, the fastener.]

A character in music placed at the beginning of a stave, to determine the degree of elevation occupied by that stave in the general claviary or system, and to point out the names of all the notes which it contains in the line of that clef.

Rousseau.

Cleft

CLEFT, participle passive of cleave. Divided; split; parted asunder.

Milton.

Cleft

CLEFT, noun A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; as the cleft of a rock. Isaiah 2:21.

Addison.

2. A disease in horses; a crack on the bought of the pastern.

Farrier's Dict.

3. A piece made by splitting; as a cleft of wood.

[This word is sometimes written clift.]

Cleft-Graft

CLEFT-GRAFT, verb transitive [cleft and graft.]

To engraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a cion.

Mortimer.

Cleg

CLEG, noun The horse fly; Danish kloeg.

Clem

CLEM, verb transitive [German klemmen.] To starve. [Not in use.]

Jonson.

Clemency

CLEM'ENCY, noun [Latin clementia, from clemens, mild, smooth; whence French clemence, Italian clemenza, Spanish clemencia; Welsh llim, smooth; Hebrew to be soft, mild, gentle.]

1. Mildness; softness; as the clemency of the air.

Dryden.

2. Mildness of temper; gentleness or lenity of disposition; disposition to treat with favor and kindness.

I pray thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words. Acts 24.

3. Mercy; disposition to treat with lenity, to forgive or to spare, as offenders; tenderness in punishing; opposed to severity, harshness, or rigor.

Addison.

Clement

CLEM'ENT, adjective Mild in temper and disposition; gentle; lenient; merciful; kind; tender; compassionate.

Clementine

CLEM'ENTINE, adjective Pertaining to St. Clement, or to his compilations; or to the constitutions of Clement the fifth.

Clemently

CLEM'ENTLY, adverb With mildness of temper; mercifully.

Taylor.

Clench

CLENCH, [See Clinch.]

Clepe

CLEPE, verb transitive or i. [Saxon clepan, cleopan, clypan, to cry out; Welsh clepiaw, to clack.]

To call, or name. Obs.

Shak.

Clepsammia

CLEPSAM'MIA, noun [Greek, to hide, to steal, and, sand.]

An instrument for measuring time by sand, like an hour glass.

Brown.

Clepsydra

CLEP'SYDRA, noun [Latin from Greek; to steal, to hide, and, water.]

1. A time piece used by the Greeks and Romans, which measured time by the discharge of a certain quantity of water. Also, a fountain in Greece.

2. A chimical vessel.

Clergical

CLER'GICAL, adjective Pertaining to the clergy. [Not used.] [See Clerical.]

Milton.

Clergy

CLER'GY, noun [French clerge; Norm. clerkus, clerex, clergy, or clerks, and clergie, literature; Armoric cloer, the plural of cloarecq, Cornish cloireg; Irish cleir, clergy, and cleirioch, a clerk or clergyman; Latin clerus, clericus, which would seem to be from the Greek, lot or portion, inheritance, estate, and the body of those who perform sacred duties; whence, to choose by lot, to make a clerk, clericum facere. In 1 Peter 5:3. the word in the plural seems to signify the church or body of believers; it is rendered God's heritage. In Welsh cler signifies teachers or learned men of the druidical order; clerig, belonging to the cler, clerical. Italian Spanish clero, from the Latin. The application of this word to ministers or ecclesiastical teachers seems to have originated in their possessions, or separate allotments of land; or from the Old Testament denomination of the priests, for the tribe of Levi is there called the lot, heritage, or inheritance of the Lord.]

The body of men set apart, and consecrated, by due ordination, to the service of God, in the christian church; the body of ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity.

Hooker. Encyc.

2. The privilege or benefit of clergy.

If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to his clergy after as before conviction.

Blackstone.

Benefit of clergy, in English law, originally the exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal process before a secular judge; or a privilege by which a clerk or person in orders claimed to be delivered to his ordinary to purge himself of felony. But this privilege has been abridged and modified by various statutes. See Blackstone, B. 4. Chaldee 28. In the United States, no benefit of clergy exists.

Clergyable

CLER'GYABLE, adjective Entitled to or admitting the benefit of clergy; as a clergyable felony.

Blackstone.

Clergyman

CLER'GYMAN, noun A man in holy orders; a man licensed to preach the gospel, according to the forms and rules of any particular denomination of christians.

Cleric

CLER'IC, noun A clerk or clergyman.

Horsley.

Clerical

CLER'ICAL, adjective [Latin clericus; Greek. See Clergy and Clerk.]

Relating or pertaining to the clergy as clerical tonsure; clerical robes; clerical duties.

Blackstone.

Clerk

CLERK, noun [Saxon cleric, clerc, clere; Latin clericus; Greek. See Clergy.]

1. A clergyman, or ecclesiastic; a man in holy orders.

Ayliffe.

2. A man that can read.

Every one that could readÃ‚--being accounted a clerk.

Blackstone.

3. A man of letters; a scholar.

Sidney. South.

The foregoing significations are found in the English laws, and histories of the church; as in the rude ages of the church, learning was chiefly confined to the clergy. In modern usage,

4. A writer; one who is employed in the use of the pen, in an office public or private, for keeping records, and accounts; as the clerk of a court. In some cases clerk is synonymous with secretary; but not always. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to a higher officer, board, corporation or person; whereas, a secretary may be either a subordinate officer, or the head of an office or department.

5. A layman who is the reader of responses in church service.

Johnson.

Clerk-Ale

CLERK'-ALE, noun [clerk and ale.] In England, the feast of the parish clerk.

Warton.

Clerklike

CLERK'LIKE, adjective Like a clerk; learned.

Shak.

Clerkly

CLERK'LY, adjective Scholarlike.

Cranmer.

Clerkly

CLERK'LY, adverb In a learned manner.

Gascoigne.

Clerkship

CLERK'SHIP, noun A state of being in holy orders.

Blackstone.

2. Scholarship.

Johnson.

3. The office or business of a clerk or writer.

Swift.

Cleromancy

CLER'OMANCY, noun [Greek, lot, and, divination.]

A divination by throwing dice or little bones, and observing the points or marks turned up.

Bailey.

Cleve

CLEVE, or CLIF, or CLIVE, in the composition of names, denote a place situated on or near a cliff, on the side of a hill, rock or precipice; as Cleveland, Clifton.

Clever

CLEV'ER, adjective [I know not the radical letters of this word. If the elements are clb, or lb, the affinities may be Russian lovkie, convenient, dextrous, ulovka, dexterity, craft, lovlyu, to take or seize, as if allied to Gothic lofa, Irish lamh, Welsh llaw, the hand. In Irish bub is a thong or loop, a plait or fold, and craft, cunning; lubach, sly, crafty; lubam to bend. In Ethiopic labawi, signifies ingenious, ready, skilful, and the verb, to understand, or be skilful. If v in clever is from g, as in many other words, the affinities may be Saxon gleaw, knowing, skilful, industrious, wise, which is the German klug, Dutch kloek, Danish klog, Swedish klok. Let the reader judge.]

1. Fit; suitable; convenient; proper; commodious.

Pope.

2. Dextrous; adroit; ready; that performs with skill or address.

Addison.

3. In New England, good-natured, possessing an agreeable mind or disposition. In Great Britain, this word is applied to the body or its movements, in its literal sense; in America, it is applied chiefly to the mind, temper, disposition. In Great Britain, a clever man is a dextrous man, one who performs an act with skill or address. In New-England, a clever man is a man of a pleasing obliging disposition, and amiable manners, but often implying a moderate share of talents. Fitness, suitableness, gives both senses analogically; the former applied to the body; the latter, to the mind, or its qualities. It is a colloquial word, but sometimes found in respectable writings.

In some of the United States, it is said this word is applied to the intellect, denoting ingenious, knowing, discerning.

Cleverly

CLEV'ERLY, adverb Fitly; dextrously; handsomely.

Butler.

Cleverness

CLEV'ERNESS, noun Dexterity; adroitness; skill.

Johnson.

2. Mildness or agreeableness of disposition; obligingness; good nature.

New England.

Clevy

CLEV'Y, or CLEV'IS, noun [Qu. Latin clavis.] An iron bent to the form of an ox bow, with the two ends perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of a cartneap to hold the chain of the forward horse or oxen; or a draft iron on a plow.

New England.

Clew

CLEW, noun [Saxon cleow, cliwe; Dutch kluwen; German kloben; Latin globus. The word signifies a ball or a lump. In Welsh, clob is a knob or boss; clwpa is a club or knob; clap is a lump; all from roots in lb; llob, a lump, a lubber.]

1. A ball of thread.

Spenser.

2. The thread that forms a ball; the thread that is used to guide a person in a labyrinth. Hence, any thing that guides or directs one in an intricate case.

Watts.

3. The lower corner of a square sail, and the aftmost corner of a stay sail.

Mar. Dict.

Clew

CLEW, verb transitive In seamanship, to truss up to the yard, by means of clew-garnets or clew-lines, in order to furling.

2. To direct.

Clew-Garnets

CLEW-GARNETS, noun In marine language, a sort of tackle, or rope and pulley, fastened to the clews of the main and foresails to truss them up to the yard.

Clew-Lines

CLEW'-LINES, noun These are the same tackle, and used for the like purpose as clew-garnets, but are applied to the smaller square sails, as the top-sail, top-gallant and sprit-sails.

Mar. Dict.

Click

CLICK, verb intransitive [Dutch klikken; French cliqueter, to crack; cliquet, a mill-clapper. See Clack, to the root of which this word belongs.]

Literally, to strike; hence,

To make a small sharp noise, or rather a succession of small sharp sounds, as by a gentle striking.

The solemn death-watch clicked.

Gay.

Click

CLICK, noun In seamen's language, a small piece of iron falling into a notched wheel attached to the winches in cutters, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Click

CLICK, noun The latch of a door. [Local.]

Clicker

CLICK'ER, noun The servant of a salesman, who stands at the door to invite customers;

a low word and not used in the United States.

Clicket

CLICK'ET, noun The knocker of a door. [Not used in the United States.]

Clicking

CLICK'ING, participle of the present tense Making small sharp noises.

Client

CLI'ENT, noun [French client; Italian cliente; Spanish id.; Latin cliens.]

1. Among the Romans, a citizen who put himself under the protection of a man of distinction and influence, who, in respect to that relation, was called his patron. Hence in modern usage,

2. One who applies to a lawyer or counselor for advice and direction in a question of law, or commits his cause to his management in prosecuting a claim, or defending against a suit, in a court of justice.

Bacon. Taylor.

3. A dependent.

B. Jonson.

Cliental

CLI'ENTAL, adjective Dependent. [Unusual.]

Burke.

Cliented

CLI'ENTED, adjective Supplied with clients.

Carew.

Clientship

CLI'ENTSHIP, noun The condition of a client; a state of being under the protection of a patron. [Clientele is not used.]

Dryden.

Cliff

CLIFF, noun [Saxon clif, clyf, or cleof; Dutch klif, or klip; German and Danish klippe; Swedish klippa; Welsh clip; Latin clivus; probably from cleaving, Saxon clifian, cleofian.]

1. A steep bank; as the cliffs of Dover. So in Saxon, the cliffs of the Red Sea.

Orosius, supposed by Alfred.

2. A high and steep rock; any precipice.

Bacon. Dryden.

This word has been sometimes written clift, and if from cleaving, rending, coincides with cleft in origin.

Cliff

CLIFF, in music. [See Clef.]

Cliffy

CLIFF'Y, adjective Having cliffs; broken; craggy.

Harmar.

Clifted

CLIFT'ED, adjective Broken.

Congreve.

Climacter

CLIMAC'TER, noun [Greek, the step of a ladder, from, a ladder or scale; Latin climacter.]

1. A critical year in human life; but climacteric is more generally used.

2. A certain space of time. [Not used.]

Brown.

Climacteric

CLIMAC'TERIC, adjective [Greek; Latin climactericus, from climax, a ladder. See Climax.]

Literally, noting a scale, progression, or gradation; appropriately, denoting a critical period of human life, or a certain number of years, at the end of which a great change is supposed to take place in the human constitution. [See the Noun.]

Climacteric

CLIMAC'TERIC, noun A critical period in human life, or a period in which some great change is supposed to take place in the human constitution. The critical periods are supposed by some persons to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year. The 63d year is called the grand climacteric. It has been supposed that these periods are attended with some remarkable change in respect to health, life or fortune.

Brown. Dryden. Pope.

Climatarchic

CLIMATARCH'IC, adjective [Greek, climate, and, dominion.] Presiding over climates.

Paus. Trans. Note.

Climate

CLI'MATE, noun [Greek; whence Latin clima; Italian Spanish clima; French climat. Qu. from Greek, to lean or incline, or the root of climax.]

1. In geography, a part of the surface of the earth, bounded by two circles parallel to the equator, and of such a breadth that the longest day in the parallel nearest the pole is half an hour longer than that nearest to the equator. The beginning of a climate is a parallel circle in which the longest day is half an hour shorter than that at the end. The climates begin at the equator, where the day is 12 hours long; and at the end of the first climate the longest day is 121/2 hours long, and this increase of half an hour constitutes a climate, to the polar circles; from which climates are measured by the increase of a month.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. In a popular sense, a tract of land, region or country, differing from another in the temperature of the air; or any region or country with respect to the temperature of the air, the seasons, and their peculiar qualities, without any regard to the length of the days, or to geographical position. Thus we say, a warm or cold climate; a moist or dry climate; a happy climate; a genial climate; a mountainous climate.

Climate

CLI'MATE, verb intransitive To dwell; to reside in a particular region.

Shak. Hist. of St. Domingo.

[Little used, and hardly legitimate.]

Climatic

CLIMAT'IC, or CLIMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a climate or climates; limited by a climate.

S.S. Smith.

Climature

CLI'MATURE, noun A climate. [Little used.]

Shak.

Climax

CLI'MAX, noun [Greek, a scale or ladder; Latin climax; perhaps from the root of the Welsh llamu, to step, stride, leap, llam, a step, stride, leap, Irish leimim, leim, or from the root of climb.]

1. Gradation; ascent; a figure of rhetoric, in which a sentence rises as it were, step by step; or in which the expression which ends one member of the period, begins the second, and so on, till the period is finished; as in the following: "When we have practiced good actions a while, they become easy; and when they are easy, we begin to take pleasure in them; and when they please us, we do them frequently; and by frequency of acts, they grow into a habit."

Tillotson.

2. A sentence, or series of sentences, in which the successive members or sentences rise in force, importance or sentences rise in force, importance or dignity, to the close of the sentence or series.

Dryden.

Climb

CLIMB, v. i. clime. pret. and pp. climbed, or clomb, but the latter is not elegant. [Saxon climan, or climban; Dutch klimmen; German id. The corresponding word in Danish is klyver; Swedish klifwa.]

1. To creep up by little and little, or step by step; to mount or ascend, by means of the hands and feet; to rise on any fixed object, by seizing it with the hands and lifting the body, and by thrusting with the feet; as, to climb a tree or a precipice.

And he ran before and climbed up into a sycamore tree. Luke 19.

2. To mount or ascend with labor and difficulty.

Shak.

3. To rise or ascend with a slow motion.

Black vapors climb aloft.

Dryden.

Climb

CLIMB verb transitive To ascend by means of the hands and feet, implying labor, difficulty and slow progress; as, to climb a wall, or a steep mountain.

Prior.

2. To mount or ascend, with labor or a slow motion; as, to climb the ascents of fame.

Prior.

Climbable

CLIMBABLE, adjective That may be climbed.

Sherwood.

Climbed

CLIMBED, participle passive Ascended by the use of the hands and feet; ascended with labor.

Climber

CLIMBER, noun One who climbs, mounts or rises, by the hands and feet; one who rises by labor or effort.

2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support.

Mortimer.

Climber

CLIM'BER, verb intransitive [from climb, or a different orthography of clamber.]

To climb; to mount with effort. [Not used.]

Tusser.

Climbing

CLIMBING, participle of the present tense Ascending by the use of the hands and feet; ascending with difficulty.

Climbing

CLIMBING, noun The act of ascending.

Clime

CLIME, noun [from climate, or directly from Greek and Latin clima.]

A climate; a tract or region of the earth; a poetical word, but sometimes used in prose. [See Climate.]

Whatever clime the sun's bright circle warms.

Milton.

Clinch

CLINCH, verb transitive [Dutch klinken, to clink or rivet; klink, a latch, a rivet; Danish klinke, a latch; Swedish klinka; French clenche; allied to cling, link, Welsh clicied, a latch.]

1. To gripe with the hand; to make fast by bending over, folding, or embracing closely. Thus, to clinch a nail, is to bend the point and drive it closely. To clinch the hand or fist, is to contract the fingers closely into the palm of the hand. To clinch an instrument, is to close the fingers and thumb round it, and hold it fast.

2. To fix or fasten; to make firm; as, to clinch an argument.

Clinch

CLINCH, noun A word used in a double meaning; a pun; an ambiguity; a duplicity of meaning, with identity of expression.

Johnson.

Here one poor word a hundred clinches makes.

Pope.

2. A witty, ingenious reply.

Bailey.

3. In seamen's language, the part of a cable which is fastened to the ring of an anchor; a kind of knot and seizings, used to fasten a cable to the ring of an anchor, and the britching of a gun to the ring bolts in a ship's side.

Mar. Dict.

Clinched

CLINCH'ED, participle passive Made fast by doubling or embracing closely.

Clincher

CLINCH'ER, noun That which clinches; a cramp or piece of iron bent down to fasten any thing.

Pope.

2. One who makes a smart reply.

Bailey.

3. That which makes fast.

Clincher-Built

CLINCH'ER-BUILT, or CLINK'ER-BUILT, adjective Made of clincher work.

Clincher-Work

CLINCH'ER-WORK, noun In ship building, the disposition of the planks in the side of a boat or vessel, when the lower edge of every plank overlays the next below it, like slates on the roof a house.

Mar. Dict.

Clinching

CLINCH'ING, participle of the present tense Making fast by doubling over or embracing closely; griping with the fist.

Cling

CLING, verb intransitive pret. and pp. clung. [Saxon clingan, to adhere and to wither; Danish klynger, to grow in clusters; klynge, a heap or cluster. See the transitive verb below.]

1. To adhere closely; to stick to; to hold fast upon, especially by winding round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine clings to its support.

Two babes of love close clinging to her waist.

Pope.

2. To adhere closely; to stick to; as a viscous substance.

Wiseman.

3. To adhere closely and firmly, in interest or affection; as, men of a party cling to their leader.

Cling

CLING, verb transitive To dry up, or wither.

Till famine cling thee.

Shak.

In Saxon, clingan is rendered to fade or wither, marcesco, as well as to cling. In this sense is used forclingan, pp. forclungen. The radical sense then appears to be, to contract or draw together; and drying, withering, is expressed by shrinking. [The latter use of the word is obsolete.]

Clinging

CLING'ING, participle of the present tense Adhering closely; sticking to; winding round and holding to.

Clingy

CLING'Y, adjective Apt to cling; adhesive.

Clinic

CLIN'IC, or CLIN'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, a bed, from, to recline. See Lean.]

In a general sense, pertaining to a bed. A clinical lecture is a discourse delivered at the bed-side of the sick, or from notes taken at the bed-side, by a physician, with a view to practical instruction in the healing art. Clinical medicine is the practice of medicine on patients in bed, or in hospitals. A clinical convert is a convert on his death-bed. Anciently persons receiving baptism on their death-beds were called clinics.

Coxe. Encyc. Taylor.

Clinic

CLIN'IC, noun One confined to the bed by sickness.

Clinically

CLIN'ICALLY, adverb In a clinical manner; by the bed-side.

Clink

CLINK, verb transitive [Swedish klinga; Danish klinger, klinker; Dutch klinken; German klingen. This seems to be a dialectical orthography of clang, clank, Latin clango, and if n is not radical, they coincide with clack, click, with the radical sense, to strike.]

To ring or jingle; to utter or make a small sharp sound, or a succession of such sounds, as by striking small metallic or other sonorous bodies together.

Prior. Gay.

Clink

CLINK, noun A sharp sound, made by the collision of small sonorous bodies. Spenser, according to Johnson, uses the word for a knocker.

Clinking

CLINK'ING, participle of the present tense Making a small sharp sound, or succession of sounds.

Clinkstone

CLINK'STONE, noun [clink and stone, from its sonorousness. See Phonolite.]

A mineral which has a slaty structure, and is generally divisible into tabular masses, usually thick, sometimes thin like those of argillite. The cross fracture is commonly splintery. Its colors are dark greenish gray, yellowish, bluish, or ash gray; and it is usually translucent at the edges, sometimes opake. It occurs in extensive masses, often composed of columnar or tabular distinct concretions, more or less regular. It is usually found among secondary rocks; sometimes resting on basalt, and covered by greenstone.

Cleaveland.

Clinometer

CLINOM'ETER, noun [Greek, to lean, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring the dip of mineral strata.

Ure.

Clinquant

CLINQ'UANT, adjective [French] Dressed in tinsel finery. [Not English.]

Shak.

Clip

CLIP, verb transitive [Saxon clypan; Danish klipper; Swedish klippa. The sense seems to be, to strike, to cut off by a sudden stroke. The Danish word signifies not only to cut off with scissors, but to wink or twinkle with the eyes. In our popular dialect, a clip is a blow or stroke; as, to hit one a clip. Cut is used in a like sense. The radical sense then is, to strike or drive with a sudden effort, thrust or spring.]

1. To cut off with shears or scissors; to separate by a sudden stroke; especially to cut off the ends or sides of a thing, to make it shorter or narrower, in distinction from shaving and paring, which are performed by rubbing the instrument close to the thing shaved; as, to clip the hair; to clip wings.

But love had clipped his wings and cut him short.

Dryden.

2. To diminish coin by paring the edge.

Locke.

3. To curtail; to cut short.

Addison.

4. To confine, limit, restrain, or hold; to hug. [Little used.]

Shak.

To clip it, is a vulgar phrase in New England for to run with speed. So cut is used; cut on, run fast. This seems to be the meaning in Dryden.

Some falcon stoops at what her eye designed, And with her eagerness the quarry missed, Straight flies at check, and clips it down the wind.

This sense would seem to be allied to that of leap.

Clip

CLIP, noun A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit him a clip.

New-England.

2. An embrace; that is, a throwing the arms round.

Sidney.

Clipped

CLIP'PED, or CLIPT, participle passive Cut off; cut short; curtailed; diminished by paring.

Clipper

CLIP'PER, noun One who clips; especially one who cuts off the edges of coin.

Addison.

Clipping

CLIP'PING, participle of the present tense Cutting off or shortening with shears or scissors; diminishing coin by paring off the edges; curtailing.

Clipping

CLIP'PING, noun The act of cutting off, curtailing or diminishing.

2. That which is clipped off; a piece separated by clipping.

Locke.

Clivers

CLIV'ERS, noun A plant, the Galium aparine; called also goose-grass, or hairiff. It has a square, rough, jointed stem; the joints hairy at the base; with eight or ten narrow leaves at each joint.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Cloak

CLOAK. [See Cloke.]

Clochard

CLO'CHARD, noun [from clock, French cloche.] A belfry. [Not used.]

Weever.

Clock

CLOCK, noun [Saxon clugga, clucga; Dutch klok; German klocke; Danish klokke; Swedish klocka; French cloche; Armoric cloch, or clech; Irish clog; Welsh cloc; properly a bell, and named from its sound, from striking. It coincides in origin with clack and cluck, Latin glocio, Chaldee. Class Lg. No. 27. See Cluck.]

1. A machine, consisting of wheels moved by weights, so constructed that by a uniform vibration of a pendulum, it measures time, and its divisions, hours, minutes and seconds, with great exactness. It indicates the hour by the stroke of a small hammer on a bell.

The phrases, what o'clock is it? it is nine o'clock, seem to be contracted from what of the clock? it is nine of the clock.

2. A figure or figured work in the ankle of a stocking.

Swift.

Clock

CLOCK, verb transitive To call. [See Cluck.]

Clock-Maker

CLOCK'-MAKER, noun An artificer whose occupation is to make clocks.

Clock-Setter

CLOCK'-SETTER, noun One who regulates the clock. [Not used.]

Shak.

Clock-Work

CLOCK'-WORK, noun The machinery and movements of a clock; or that part of the movement which strikes the hours on a bell, in distinction from that part which measures and exhibits the time on the face or dial plate, which is called watch-work.

Encyc.

2. Well adjusted work, with regular movement.

Prior.

Clod

CLOD, noun [Dutch kluit, a clod; German klots; Danish klods; Swedish klot, a log, stock, or stump; Danish klode, Dutch kloot, a ball; German loth, a ball; Dutch lood, lead, a ball; Swedish and Danish lod, id.; Welsh cluder, a heap. Clod and clot seem to be radically one word, signifying a mass or lump, from collecting or bringing together, or from condensing, setting, fixing. In Saxon clud, a rock or hill, may be from the same root. See Class Ld. No. 8. 9. 10. 16. 26. 35. 36. 40. Qu. Greek, to form a ball.]

1. A hard lump of earth, of any kind; a mass of earth cohering.

Bacon. Dryden.

2. A lump or mass of metal. [Little used.]

Milton.

3. Turf; the ground.

Swift.

4. That which is earthy, base and vile, as the body of man compared to his soul.

Milton. Glanville. Burnet.

5. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt.

Dryden.

6. Any thing concreted.

Carew.

Clod

CLOD, verb intransitive To collect into concretions, or a thick mass; to coagulate; as clodded gore.

Milton.

[See Clot, which is more generally used.]

Clod

CLOD, verb transitive To pelt with clods.

Cloddy

CLOD'DY, adjective Consisting of clods; abounding with clods.

2. Earthy; mean; gross.

Shak.

Clodhopper

CLOD'HOPPER, noun A stupid fellow; a dolt; a thickskull.

Clodpated

CLOD'PATED, adjective Stupid; dull; doltish.

Arbuthnot.

Clodpoll

CLOD'POLL, noun A stupid fellow; a dolt; a blockhead.

Shak.

Clog

CLOG, verb transitive [Welsh cleg, a lump; clug, a swelling, roundness; clog, a large stone; lloc, a mound, a dam; llog, an augment; llogi, to make compact, to hire, Latin loco; Irish loc, a stop; locaim, to hinder. These coincide with lock, in primary sense, or may be from the same root. But clog, though of the same family, seems not to be directly derived from either of these words.]

1. To load or fill with something that retards or hinders motion; as, to clog the channel of a river; to clog a passage.

2. To put on any thing that encumbers, with a view to hinder or restrain leaping; to shackle; as, to clog a beast.

3. To load with any thing that encumbers; to burden; to embarrass; as, to clog commerce with impositions or restrictions.

Addison.

4. To obstruct natural motion, or render it difficult; to hinder; to impede.

Clog

CLOG, verb intransitive To coalesce; to unite and adhere in a cluster or mass.

Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds clog not together.

Evelyn.

2. To form an accretion; to be loaded or encumbered with extraneous matter.

The teeth of the saw will begin to clog.

Sharp.

Clog

CLOG, noun Any thing put upon an animal to hinder motion, or leaping, as a piece of wood fastened to his leg.

2. An encumbrance; that which hinders motion, or renders it difficult; hindrance; impediment.

Slavery is the greatest clog to speculation.

Swift.

3. [Qu. French claque; Spanish Portugese galocha; Armoric galoig.] A wooden shoe; also, a sort of patten worn by ladies to keep their feet dry in wet weather.

Clogged

CLOG'GED, participle passive Wearing a clog; shackled; obstructed; loaded with incumbrance.

Clogginess

CLOG'GINESS, noun The state of being clogged.

Clogging

CLOG'GING, participle of the present tense Putting on a clog; loading with incumbrance; obstructing; impeding.

Cloggy

CLOG'GY, adjective That clogs, or has power to clog; thick; gross.

Cloister

CLOIS'TER, noun [French cloÃƒ-®tre; Saxon claustr, or cluster; Armoric claustr, or cloestr; Spanish claustro; Italian claustro, or chiostro; Dutch klooster; German kloster; Danish and Swedish kloster; Welsh claws, clwys; Irish clabhstur; Latin claustrum, from clausus, pp. of claudo. See Close.]

1. Literally, a close; a close, or inclosed place. A monastery or nunnery; a house inhabited by monks or nuns. In a more limited sense, the principal part of a regular monastery, consisting of a square, erected between the church, the chapter-house and the refectory, and over which is the dormitory. The proper use of the cloister is for the monks to meet in for conversation. The cloister is square, and has its name from being inclosed on its four sides with buildings. Hence in architecture, a building is said to be in the form of a cloister, when there are buildings on each of the four sides of the court.

Encyc.

2. A peristyle; a piazza.

Johnson.

Cloister

CLOIS'TER, verb transitive To confine in a cloister or monastery.

7. To shut up; to confine closely within walls; to immure; to shut up in retirement from the world.

Bacon.

Cloisteral

CLOIS'TERAL, adjective Confined to a cloister; retired from the world; recluse.

Walton.

Cloistered

CLOIS'TERED, participle passive Shut up in a cloister; inhabiting a monastery.

2. adjective Solitary; retired from the world.

Shak.

3. Built with peristyles or piazzas; inclosed.

Wotton.

Cloistering

CLOIS'TERING, participle of the present tense Shutting up in a monastery; confining; secluding from the world.

Cloistress

CLOIS'TRESS, noun A nun; a woman who has vowed religious retirement. [Little used.]

Shak.

Cloke

CLOKE, noun [Saxon lach. In Dutch laken, Chaucer, lake is cloth.]

1. A loose outer garment worn over other clothes both by men and women.

He was clad with zeal as a cloke. Isaiah 59.

2. A cover; that which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair pretense.

Not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness. 1 Peter 2.

They have no cloke for their sin. John 15.

Cloke

CLOKE, verb transitive To cover with a cloke.

2. To hide; to conceal; to use a false covering.

Spenser.

Cloke-Bag

CLO'KE-BAG, noun A bag in which a cloke or other clothes are carried; a portmanteau.

Shak.

Cloked

CLO'KED, participle passive Covered with a cloke; concealed under a cover.

Cloking

CLO'KING, participle of the present tense Covering with a cloke; hiding under an external covering.

Clomb

CLOMB, preterit tense of climb.

Clong

CLONG, old part. of cling.

Clonic

CLON'IC, adjective [Greek, a shaking or irregular motion.]

Shaking; convulsive; irregular; as clonic spasm.

Coxe.

Cloom

CLOOM, verb transitive [Saxon cloeman.] To close with glutinous matter. [Local.]

Mortimer.

Close

CLOSE, v. t. s as z. [French clos; Armoric verb closa, or closein; part. closet; from the Latin participle clausus, of claudo, to shut; French clorre; Italian chiudere, chiuso; Dutch kluis, an inclosure. The Dutch sluiten, German schliessen, schloss, Danish slutter, Swedish sluta, are from the same root, with a prefix. Greek, for, whence, a key, clavis, that which shuts or fastens; Welsh claws, clwys, a close, a cloister; Saxon hlid, a lid, the shutter; hlidan, to cover; Irish cleithim, cludaim. See Class Ld. No. 1. 8. 9. 10.]

1. To shut; to make fast, by pressing together, or by stopping an open place, so as to intercept a passage, in almost any manner; as, to close the eyes; to close a gate, door or window. In these and other cases, closing is performed by bringing an object before the opening. To close a book, is to bring the parts together.

The Lord hath closed your eyes. Isaiah 29. He closed the book. Luke 4.

2. To end; to finish; to conclude; to complete; to bring to a period; as, to close a bargain, or contract.

One frugal supper did our studies close.

Dryden.

3. To unite, as the parts of a breach or fracture; to make whole; to consolidate; often followed by up.

The Lord closed up the flesh instead thereof. Genesis 2.

4. To cover; to inclose; to encompass; to overwhelm.

The depths closed me round about. Jonah 2.

5. To inclose; to confine. [See Inclose.]

6. To move or bring together; to unite separate bodies or parts; as, to close the ranks of an army.

Close

CLOSE, v. i. s as z. To unite; to coalesce; to come together; as the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated; often followed by on or upon.

The fat closed upon the blade. Judges 3. The earth closed upon them. Numbers 16.

2. To end; to terminate, or come to a period; as, the debate closed at six o'clock.

To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or join in.

France and Holland might close upon some measures to our disadvantage.

Temple.

To close with, to accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to close with the terms proposed. When followed by the person with whom an agreement is made, to make an agreement with; to unite with; as, to close with an enemy.

He took the time when Richard was deposed, And high and low with happy Harry closed.

Dryden.

In this sense, to close in with is less elegant.

To close with, To close in with, to unite; to join closely; to grapple, as persons in a contest; applied to wrestlers, when they come to close embrace for scuffling.

Close

CLOSE, n. s as z. An inclosed place; any place surrounded by a fence or other body which defends or confines it, particularly a field, or portion of land.

2. Conclusion; termination; final end; as the close of life; the close of day or night.

3. A temporary finishing; a pause; rest; cessation; intermission.

At every close she made, th' attending throng Replied, and bore the burden of the song.

Dryden.

4. The manner of shutting.

The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.

Chapman.

5. A grapple in wrestling.

Bacon.

Close

CLOSE, adjective Shut fast; tight; made fast, so as to have no opening; as a close box; a close vizard.

2. Having parts firmly united; compact; dense; applied to solid substances of any kind; as the close texture of wood or metal.

3. Having parts firmly adhering; viscous; tenacious; as oil, or glue.

Wilkins.

4. Confined; stagnant; without ventilation or motion; as close air.

5. Confined; retired.

While David kept himself close. 1 Chronicles 12.

6. Hid; private; secret; as, to keep a purpose close. Numbers 5. Luke 9.

7. Confined within narrow limits; narrow; as a close alley.

8. Near; within a small distance; as a close fight or action.

9. Joined; in contact or nearly so; crowded; as, to sit close.

10. Compressed, as thoughts or words; hence, brief; concise; opposed to loose or diffuse.

Where the original is close, no version can reach it in the same compass.

Dryden.

11. Very near, in place or time; adjoining, or nearly so.

I saw him come close to the ram. Danish viii. They sailed close by Crete. Acts 27. Some dire misfortune follows close behind.

Pope.

12. Having the quality of keeping secrets, thoughts or designs; cautious; as a close minister. Hence in friendship, trusty; confidential.

Shak.

13. Having an appearance of concealment; implying art, craft or wariness; as a close aspect.

Shak.

14. Intent; fixed; attentive; pressing upon the object; as, to give close attention.

Keep your mind or thoughts close to the business or subject.

Locke.

15. Full to the point; home; pressing; as a close argument; bring the argument close to the question.

Dryden.

16. Pressing; earnest; warm; as a close debate.

17. Confined; secluded from communication; as a close prisoner.

18. Covetous; penurious; not liberal; as a close man.

19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular language, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and depression. Perhaps originally, confined air.

20. Strictly adhering to the original; as a close translation.

21. In heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms with the wings close, and in a standing posture.

Bailey.

Close

CLOSE, adverb Closely; nearly; densely; secretly; pressingly.

Behind her death

Close followed, pace for pace.

Milton.

Close-Banded

CLOSE-BANDED, adjective Being in close order; closely united.

Milton.

Close-Bodied

CLOSE-BODIED, adjective Fitting the body exactly; setting close; as a garment.

Ayliffe.

Close-Compacted

CLOSE-COMPACT'ED, adjective Being in compact order; compact.

Addison.

Close-Couched

CLOSE-COUCHED, adjective Quite concealed.

Milton.

Close-Curtained

CLOSE-CURTAINED, adjective Inclosed or surrounded with curtains.

Milton.

Close-Fisted

CLOSE-FISTED, adjective Covetous; niggardly.

Berkeley.

Close-Handed

CLOSE-HANDED, adjective Covetous; penurious.

Hale.

Close-Handedness

CLOSE-HANDEDNESS, noun Covetousness.

Holyday.

Close-Hauled

CLOSE-HAULED, adjective In seamanship, having the tacks or lower corners of the sails drawn close to the side to windward, and the sheets hauled close aft, in sailing near the wind.

Encyc.

Close-Pent

CLOSE-PENT, adjective Shut close.

Dryden.

Close-Quarters

CLOSE-QUARTERS, noun Strong barriers of wood used in a ship for defense when the ship is boarded.

Mar. Dict.

Close-Stool

CLOSE-STOOL, noun A chamber utensil for the convenience of the sick and infirm.

Close-Tongued

CLOSE-TONGUED, adjective Keeping silence; cautious in speaking.

Shak.

Closed

CLO'SED, pp. s as z. Shut; made fast; ended; concluded.

Closely

CLO'SELY, adverb In a close, compact manner; with the parts united, or pressed together, so as to leave no vent; as a crucible closely luted.

2. Nearly; with little space intervening; applied to space or time; as, to follow closely at one's heels; one event follows closely upon another.

3. Intently; attentively; with the mind or thoughts fixed; with near inspection; as, to look or attend closely.

4. Secretly; slyly. [Not much used.]

Carew.

5. With near affection, attachment or interest; intimately; as, men closely connected in friendship; nations closely allied by treaty.

6. Strictly; within close limits; without communication abroad; as a prisoner closely confined.

7. With strict adherence to the original; as, to translate closely.

Closeness

CLO'SENESS, noun The state of being shut, pressed together, or united. Hence according to the nature of the thing to which the word is applied,

2. Compactness; solidity; as the closeness of texture in wood or fossils.

Bacon.

3. Narrowness; straitness; as of a place.

4. Tightness in building, or in apartments; firmness of texture in cloth, &c.

5. Want of ventilation; applied to a close room, or to the air confined in it.

Swift.

6. Confinement or retirement of a person; recluseness; solitude.

Shak.

7. Reserve in intercourse; secrecy; privacy; caution.

Bacon.

8. Covetousness; penuriousness.

Addison.

9. Connection; near union; intimacy, whether of friendship, or of interest; as the closeness of friendship, or of alliance.

10. Pressure; urgency; variously applied; as the closeness of an agreement, or of debate; the closeness of a question or inquiry.

11. Adherence to an original; as the closeness of a version.

Closer

CLO'SER, n. s as z. A finisher; one who concludes.

Closer

CLO'SER, adjective comp. of close. More close.

Closest

CLO'SEST, adjective superl. of close. Most close.

In these words, s has its proper sound.

Closet

CLOS'ET, n. s as z. A small room or apartment for retirement; any room for privacy.

When thou prayest, enter into thy closet. Matthew 6.

2. An apartment for curiosities or valuable things.

Dryden.

3. A small close apartment or recess in the side of a room for repositing utensils and furniture.

Closet

CLOS'ET, v. t. s as z. To shut up in a closet; to conceal; to take into a private apartment for consultation.

Herbert. Swift.

Closeted

CLOS'ETED, pp. s as z. Shut up in a closet; concealed.

Closeting

CLOS'ETING, ppr. s as z. Shutting up in a private room; concealing.

Closet-Sin

CLOS'ET-SIN, n. cloz'et-sin. Sin committed in privacy.

Bp. Hall.

Closh

CLOSH, noun A disease in the feet of cattle, called also the founder.

Bailey.

Closing

CLO'SING, ppr. s as z. Shutting; coalescing; agreeing; ending.

Closing

CLO'SING, a. s as z. That ends or concludes; as a closing word or letter.

Closing

CLO'SING, n. s as z. End; period; conclusion.

Closure

CLO'SURE, n. clo'zhur. The act of shutting; a closing.

Boyle.

2. That which closes, or shuts; that by which separate parts are fastened or made to adhere.

Pope.

3. Inclosure; that which confines.

Shak.

4. Conclusion.

Shak.

Clot

CLOT, noun [See Clod.] A concretion, particularly of soft or fluid matter, which concretes into a mass or lump; as a clot of blood. Clod and clot appear to be radically the same word; but we usually apply clod to a hard mass of earth, and clot to a mass of softer substances, or fluids concreted.

Clot

CLOT, verb intransitive To concrete; to coagulate, as soft or fluid matter into a thick, inspissated mass; as milk or blood clots.

2. To form into clots or clods; to adhere; as, clotted glebe.

Philips.

Clot-Bird

CLOT'-BIRD, noun The common oenanthe or English ortolan.

Clot-Bur

CLOT'-BUR, noun [German klette.] Burdock.

Cloth

CLOTH, n. clawth. [Saxon clath; Dutch kleed, cloth, and kleeden, to clothe; German kleid, kleiden; Swedish kl?de, kl?da; Danish kloede, kloeder. The plural is regular, cloths; but when it signifies garments, it is written clothes.]

1. A manufacture or stuff of wool or hair, or of cotton, flax, hemp or other vegetable filaments, formed by weaving or intertexture of threads, and used for garments or other covering and for various other purposes; as woolen cloth, linen cloth, cotton cloth, hair cloth.

2. The covering of a table; usually called a tablecloth.

Pope.

3. The canvas on which pictures are drawn.

Dryden.

4. A texture or covering put to a particular use; as a cloth of state.

Hayward.

5. Dress; raiment. [See Clothes.]

I'll ne'er distrust my God for cloth and bread.

Quarles.

6. The covering of a bed. [Not used.]

Prior.

Clothe

CLOTHE, verb transitive pret. and pp. clothed, or clad. [See Cloth.]

1. To put on garments; to invest the body with raiment; to cover with dress, for concealing nakedness and defending the body from cold or injuries.

The Lord God made coats of skin and clothed them. Genesis 3.

2. To cover with something ornamental.

Embroidered purple clothes the golden beds.

Pope.

But clothe, without the aid of other words, seldom signifies to adorn. In this example from Pope, it signifies merely to cover.

3. To furnish with raiment; to provide with clothes; as, a master is to feed and clothe his apprentice.

4. To put on; to invest; to cover, as with a garment; as, to clothe thoughts with words.

I will clothe her priests with salvation. Psalm 132.

Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Proverbs 23.

Let them be clothed with shame. Psalm 35.

5. To invest; to surround; to encompass.

The Lord is clothed with majesty. Psalm 93.

Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Psalm 104.

6. To invest; to give to by commission; as, to clothe with power or authority.

7. To cover or spread over; as, the earth is clothed with verdure.

Clothe

CLOTHE, verb intransitive To wear clothes.

Care no more to clothe and eat

Shak.

Clothed

CLOTHED, participle passive Covered with garments; dressed; invested; furnished with clothing.

Clothes

CLOTHES, noun plu. of cloth; pronounced cloze. Garments for the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; a general term for whatever covering is worn, or made to be worn, for decency or comfort.

If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole. Mark 5.

2. The covering of a bed; bed-clothes.

Prior.

Clothier

CLOTHIER, n. clothyer. In English authors, a man who makes cloths; a maker of cloth. Johnson. In this sense, I believe it is not used in the U. States; certainly not in New England.

2. In America, a man whose occupation is to full and dress cloth.

Clothing

CLOTHING, participle of the present tense Covering with or putting on vestments of any kind; providing with garments; investing; covering.

Clothing

CLOTHING, noun Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering.

As for meÃ‚--my clothing was sackcloth. Psalm 35.

2. The art or practice of making cloth. [Unusuat.]

The king took measures to instruct the refugees from Flanders in the art of clothing.

Ray.

Cloth-Shearer

CLOTH-SHEARER, noun One who shears cloth, and frees it from superfluous nap.

Cloth-Worker

CLOTH-WORKER, noun A maker of cloth.

Scott.

Clotpoll

CLOT'POLL, noun A thickskull; a blockhead [See Clod-poll.]

Clotted

CLOT'TED, participle passive Concreted into a mass; inspissated; adhering in a lump.

Clotter

CLOT'TER, verb intransitive [from clot.] To concrete or gather into lumps.

Dryden.

Clotting

CLOT'TING, participle of the present tense Concreting; inspissating; forming into clots.

Clotty

CLOT'TY, adjective [from clot.] Full of clots, or small hard masses; full of concretions, or clods.

Cloud

CLOUD, noun [I have not found this word in any other language. The sense is obviousÃ‚--a collection.]

1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery particles, suspended in the atmosphere, at some altitude. A like collection of vapors near the earth is usually called fog.

Locke.

I do set my bow in the cloud. Genesis 9.

Behold, a white cloud. Revelation 14.

2. A state of obscurity or darkness.

Waller. Addison.

3. A collection of smoke, or a dense collection of dust, rising or floating in the air; as a cloud of dust.

A cloud of incense. Ezekiel 8.

4. The dark or varied colors, in veins or spots, on stones or other bodies, are called clouds.

5. A great multitude; a vast collection.

Seeing we are encompassed with so great a cloud of witnesses. Hebrews 12.

Cloud

CLOUD, verb transitive To overspread with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky is clouded; clouds intercept the rays of the sun. Hence,

2. To obscure; to darken; as, to cloud the day, or truth, or reason.

3. To darken in veins or spots; to variegate with colors; as clouded marble.

4. To make of a gloomy aspect; to give the appearance of sullenness.

What sullen fury clouds his scornful brow.

Pope.

5. To sully; to tarnish.

Shak.

Cloud

CLOUD, verb intransitive To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; sometimes followed by over; as, the sky clouds over.

Cloud-Ascending

CLOUD-ASCEND'ING, adjective Ascending to the clouds.

Sandys.

Cloud-Berry

CLOUD'-BERRY, noun A plant, called also knot-berry; Rubus chamaemorus.

Cloud-Born

CLOUD'-BORN, adjective Born of a cloud.

Dryden.

Cloud-Capt

CLOUD'-CAPT, adjective [cloud and cap.] Capped with clouds; touching the clouds; lofty.

The cloud-capt towers.

Shak.

Cloud-Compeller

CLOUD-COMPEL'LER, noun He that collects clouds; Jove.

Cloud-Compelling

CLOUD-COMPEL'LING, adjective Collecting clouds; or driving clouds; as cloud-compelling Jove.

Waller. Dryden.

Cloud-Covered

CLOUD'-COVERED, adjective Enveloped with clouds.

Young.

Cloud-Dispelling

CLOUD-DISPEL'LING, adjective Having power to disperse clouds.

Dryden.

Cloud-Eclipsed

CLOUD-ECLIP'SED, adjective Eclipsed by a cloud.

Shak.

Clouded

CLOUD'ED, participle passive Overcast; overspread with clouds; obscured; darkened; rendered gloomy or sullen; variegated with colored spots or veins.

Cloudily

CLOUD'ILY, adverb [from cloudy.] With clouds; darkly; obscurely.

Dryden.

Cloudiness

CLOUD'INESS, noun The state of being overcast with clouds; as the cloudiness of the atmosphere.

Harvey.

2. Obscurity; gloom; want of brightness.

3. Darkness of appearance; variegation of colors in a fossil or other body.

4. Appearance of gloom or sullenness; as cloudiness of aspect.

Clouding

CLOUD'ING, participle of the present tense Overspreading with clouds; obscuring; giving an appearance of gloom or sullenness.

Cloud-Kissing

CLOUD'-KISSING, adjective Touching the clouds.

Shak.

Cloudless

CLOUD'LESS, adjective Being without a cloud; unclouded; clear; bright; luminous; as cloudless skies.

Pope.

Cloud-Piercing

CLOUD'-PIERCING, adjective Penetrating or rising above the clouds.

Philips.

Cloud-Topt

CLOUD'-TOPT, adjective Having the top covered with a cloud.

Gray.

Cloud-Touching

CLOUD'-TOUCHING, adjective Touching the clouds.

Sandys.

Cloudy

CLOUD'Y, adjective Overcast with clouds; obscured with clouds; as a cloudy day; a cloudy sky; a cloudy night.

2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds; as a cloudy pillar. Exodus 33:9.

3. Obscure; dark; not easily understood; as cloudy and confused notions.

Watts.

4. Having the appearance of gloom; indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or illnature; not open or cheerful; as cloudy looks.

Spenser. Shak.

5. Indicating gloom or sullenness; as cloudy wrath.

6. Marked with veins or spots of dark or various hues, as marble.

7. Not bright; as a cloudy diamond.

Boyle.

Clough

CLOUGH, n. cluf. [Saxon clough, a cleft.] A cleft in a hill. In commerce, an allowance of two pounds in every hundred weight, for the turn of the scale, that the commodity may hold out in retailing. [Not used in America.]

Clout

CLOUT, noun [Saxon clut, a patch, a plaster, a plate, a seam or joint; Swedish klut; Welsh clwt, a patch, a clout; clwtiaw, to patch; Saxon gecluted, sewed together, clouted, patched; gesceod mid gecludedum scon, shod with clouted shoes. This undoubtedly signifies patched shoes, for clut in Saxon does not signify a nail. The word clout, a nail, may be from the French, clou, clouter, from Latin clavus, from the root of Latin claudo, cludo. Whether clouted brogues in Shakspeare signify patched shoes or shoes studded with nails, let the critic determine. Such shoes are common in England, and were formerly worn in America. The primary sense is, to thrust or put on; hence the sense of blow.]

1. A patch; a piece of cloth or leather, &c., to close a breach.

2. A piece of cloth for mean purposes.

Spenser.

3. A piece of white cloth, for archers to shoot at. [Not now used.]

Shak.

4. An iron plate on an axle tree, to keep it from wearing.

5. [French clou, clouter.] A small nail.

6. In vulgar language, a blow with the hand.

New-England. Todd.

Clout

CLOUT, verb transitive To patch; to mend by sweing on a piece or patch; as clouted shoon, in Milton. This is the sense as understood by Johnson. Mason understands the word clouted to signify nailed, studded with small nails, from the French clouter, and the following words in Shakspeare, "whose rudeness answered my steps too loud," give some countenance to Mason's interpretation. In this case, the verb clout must signify, to nail, or fasten with nails; to stud.

2. To cover with a piece of cloth.

Spenser.

2. To join clumsily; as clouted sentences.

Ascham.

4. To cover or arm with an iron plate.

5. To strike; to give a blow.

Beaum.

Clouted cream, in Gay, is evidently a mistake for clotted cream.

Clouted

CLOUT'ED, participle passive Patched; mended clumsily; covered with a clout.

Clouterly

CLOUT'ERLY, adjective Clumsy; awkward.

Mortimer.

Clouting

CLOUT'ING, participle of the present tense Patching; covering with a clout.

Clove

CLOVE, preterit tense of cleave. Obs.

Spenser.

Clove

CLOVE, noun [Dutch kloof. See Cleave.] A cleft; a fissure; a gap; a ravine. This word, though properly an appellative, is not often used as such in English; but it is appropriated to particular places, that are real clefts, or which appear as such; as the Clove of Kaaterskill, in the state of New-York, and the Stony Clove. It is properly a Dutch word.

Journ. of Science.

Clove

CLOVE, noun [Saxon clufe; French clou; Spanish clavo; Portugese cravo; from Latin clavus, a nail; so called from its resemblance to a nail. So in Dutch kruidnagel, herb-nail, or spice-nail.]

1. A very pungent aromatic spice, the flower of the clove-tree, Caryophyllus, a native of the Molucca isles. The tree grows to the size of the laurel, and its bark resembles that of the olive. No verdure is seen under it. At the extremities of its branches are produced vast numbers of flowers, which are at first white, then green, and at last red and hard. These are called cloves.

Encyc.

2. [from cleave.] The parts into which garlic separates, when the outer skin is removed.

Tate.

3. A certain weight; seven pounds of wool; eight pounds of cheese or butter. [Not used in America.]

Clove-Gilly-Flower

CLOVE-GILLY-FLOWER, noun A species of Dianthus, bearing a beautiful flower, cultivated in gardens; called also Carnation pink.

Note. Some writers suppose that gilly-flower should be written July-flower. But qu. is it not a corruption of the French girofle, clou de girofle, cloves; giroflÃƒ-©e, a gilliflower; giroflier, a stock gilliflower; Latin caryophyllus. Chaucer wrote cloue gilofre. Cant. Tales. 13692. The Italians write garofano, probably for garofalo; Armoric genofles, genoflen. Johnson supposes the plant so called from the smell of the flower, resembling that of cloves; but it is probably from its shape, the nail-flower, as in Dutch. [See Clove.]

Cloven

CLO'VEN, participle passive of cleave. Divided; parted; pronounced clovn.

Cloven-Footed

CLO'VEN-FOOTED, or CLO'VEN-HOOFED, adjective Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the ox; bisulcous.

Clover

CLO'VER, or CLO'VER-GRASS, noun [Saxon cloefer-wyrt, clover-wort; German klee; Dutch klaver; Danish klever or klee. The Saxon word is rendered also marigold and violet. The Dutch word signifies a club. The name then signifies club-grass, club-wort, Latin clava, from its flower.]

A genus of plants, called Trifolium, trefoil, or three-leafed, French trefle. The species are numerous. The red clover is generally cultivated for fodder and for enriching land. The white clover is also excellent food for cattle, either green or dry, and from its flowers the bee collects no small portion of its stores of honey.

To live in clover, is to live luxuriously, or in abundance; a phrase borrowed from the luxuriant growth of clover, and the feeding of cattle in clover.

Clovered

CLO'VERED, adjective Covered with clover.

Thomson.

Clown

CLOWN, noun [Latin colonus, a husbandman.] A countryman; a rustic; hence, one who has the manners of a rustic; a churl; a man of coarse manners; an ill-bred man.

Sidney. Dryden. Swift.

Clownage

CLOWN'AGE, noun The manners of a clown. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Clownery

CLOWN'ERY, noun Ill-breeding; rustic behaior; rudeness of manners. [Little used.]

L'Estrange.

Clownish

CLOWN'ISH, adjective Containing clowns; consisting of rustics; as a clownish neighborhood.

Dryden.

2. Coarse; hard; rugged; rough; as clownish hands.

Spenser.

3. Of rough manners; ill-bred; as a clownish fellow.

4. Clumsy; awkward; as a clownish gait.

Prior.

Clownishly

CLOWN'ISHLY, adverb In the manner of clowns; coarsely; rudely.

Clownishness

CLOWN'ISHNESS, noun The manners of a clown; rusticity; coarseness or rudeness of behavior; incivility; awkwardness.

Dryden. Locke.

Cloy

CLOY, verb transitive [from French clouer, or the root of the word, the Latin cludo, claudo; coinciding in elements with glut.]

Strictly, to fill; to glut. Hence, to satisfy, as the appetite; to satiate. And as the appetite when satisfied rejects additional food, hence, to fill to lothing; to surfeit.

Who can cloy the hungry edge of appetite

By bare imagination of a feast?

Shak.

2. To spike up a gun; to drive a spike into the vent.

Bailey. Johnson.

3. In farriery, to prick a horse in shoeing.

Ash.

[In the two latter senses, I believe the word is little used, and not at all in America.]

Cloyed

CLOY'ED, participle passive Filled; glutted; filled to satiety and lothing; spiked; pricked in shoeing.

Cloying

CLOY'ING, participle of the present tense Filling; filling to satiety, or disgust.

Cloyless

CLOY'LESS, adjective That cannot cloy, or fill to satiety.

Cloyment

CLOY'MENT, noun Surfeit; repletion beyond the demands of appetite. [Little used.]

Shak.

Club

CLUB, noun [Welsh clopa, clwpa, coinciding with clap, a lump, and clob, clobyn; German klÃƒ-¶pfel; Dutch klaver; Swedish klubba; Danish klubbe; Latin clava. The sense is probably a knob or lump, Welsh llwb, llob, whence lubber.]

1. Properly, a stick or piece or wood with one end thicker and heavier than the other, and no larger than can be wielded with the hand.

2. A thick heavy stick, that may be managed with the hand, and used for beating, or defense. In early ages, a club was a principal instrument of war and death; a fact remarkably perpetuated in the accounts which history relates of the achievements of Hercules with his club. Plin. Lib. 7. Ca. 56. This use of the club was the origin of the scepter, as a badge of royalty.

3. The name of one of the suits of cards; so named from its figure.

4. A collection or assembly of men; usually a select number of friends met for social or literary purposes. Any small private meeting of persons.

Dryden.

5. A collection of expenses; the expenses of a company, or unequal expenses of individuals, united for the purpose of finding the average or proportion of each individual. Hence the share of each individual in joint expenditure is called his club, that is, his proportion of a club, or joint charge.

6. Contribution; joint charge.

Hudibras.

Club

CLUB, verb intransitive [Welsh clapiaw, to form into a lump.]

1. To join, as a number of individuals, to the same end; to contribute separate powers to one end, purpose or effect.

Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream

Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream.

Dryden.

2. To pay an equal proportion of a common reckoning or charge.

Club

CLUB, verb transitive To unite different sums of expense, in a common sum or collection, to find the average, that each contributor may pay an equal share.

Pope.

2. In common parlance, to raise or turn uppermost the britch or club of a musket; as, the soldiers clubbed their muskets.

Clubbed

CLUB'BED, participle passive Collected into a sum and averaged, as different expenses.

2. United to one end or effect.

3. Shaped like a club.

Asiat. Researches. v. 213.

4. Having the britch turned upwards, as a musket.

5. Heavy like a club.

Chaucer.

Clubber

CLUB'BER, or CLUB'BIST, noun One who belongs to a party, club or association.

Burke.

Clubbing

CLUB'BING, participle of the present tense Joining in a club; uniting to a common end.

Club-Fist

CLUB'-FIST, noun A large heavy fist.

Club-Fisted

CLUB'-FISTED, adjective Having a large fist.

Howell.

Club-Footed

CLUB'-FOOTED, adjective Having short or crooked feet.

Club-Headed

CLUB'-HEADED, adjective Having a thick head.

Derham.

Club-Law

CLUB'-LAW, noun Government by clubs, or violence; the use of arms, or force, in place of law; anarchy.

Addison.

Club-Room

CLUB'-ROOM, noun The apartment in which a club meets.

Addison.

Club-Rush

CLUB'-RUSH, noun A genus of plants, the Scirpus.

Muhlenberg.

Club-Shaped

CLUB'-SHAPED, adjective Shaped like a club; growing thicker towards the top; clavated.

Martyn.

Cluck

CLUCK, verb intransitive [Saxon cloccan; Danish klukker; Swedish klycka; German glucken; Dutch klokken; Welsh clwcian, clocian; Armoric clochat; Latin glocio; Italian chiocciare; Spanish clocar, cloquear; Chaldee. Class Lg. No. 27. See Clack and Clock. The Greek seems to be the same word, as it gives; the guttural passing into, as in many Greek verbs; and hence French glousser. See Brace.]

To make the noise, or utter the voice of the domestic hen, when sitting on eggs for hatching, and when conducting her chickens. This voice, with the change of the vowel, is precisely our word clack and clock, and is probably an onomatopy. [See Clack and Clock.]

Cluck

CLUCK, verb transitive To call chickens by a particular sound.

Shak.

Clucking

CLUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering the voice of a sitting hen; calling chickens.

Clue

CLUE. [See Clew.]

Clump

CLUMP, noun [German klump; Dutch klomp; Swedish klimp; Danish klump, a lump; Welsh clamp. It is lump with a prefix. It coincides with plump, and Latin plumbum, lead; as the Dutch lood, German loth, Danish lod, lead, coincide with clod. It signifies a mass or collection. If m is the final radical, see Class Lm. No. 1. 4. 5. 9. Latin glomus.]

1. A thick, short piece of wood, or other solid substance; a shapeless mass. Hence clumper, a clot or clod.

2. A cluster of trees or shrubs; formerly written plump. In some parts of England, it is an adjective signifying lazy, unhandy.

Bailey.

Clumps

CLUMPS, noun [from clump.] A stupid fellow; a numskull.

Bailey.

Clumsily

CLUM'SILY, adverb [from clumsy.] In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; in an unhandy manner; without readiness, dexterity or grace.

Clumsiness

CLUM'SINESS, noun The quality of being short and thick, and moving heavily; awkwardness; unhandiness; ungainliness; want of readiness, nimbleness or dexterity.

Collier.

Clumsy

CLUM'SY, a. s as z. [from clump, lump.]

1. Properly, short and thick, like a clump or lump. Hence,

2. Moving heavily, slowly or awkwardly; as clumsy fingers.

3. Awkward; ungainly; unhandy; artless; without readiness, dexterity or grace; as a clumsy man; a clumsy fellow.

4. Ill-made; badly constructed; as a clumsy garment; clumsy verse.

Clunch

CLUNCH, noun Among miners, indurated clay, found in coal pits next to the coal.

Kirwan. Bailey.

Clung

CLUNG, preterit tense and participle passive of cling, which see.

Clung

CLUNG, verb intransitive To shrink. [Not used.] See Cling.

Cluniac

CLU'NIAC, noun One of a reformed order of Benedictine monks, so called from Cluni in Burgundy.

Cluster

CLUS'TER, noun [Saxon cluster. It seems to be from the root of close, Latin clausus, claustrum, claudo, a collecting or crowding together; Swedish klasa, a cluster of grapes; Danish klase. The latter in orthography coincide nearly with class. In Welsh, clws is compact, neat; clysa, to make compact; clwys is a close.]

1. A bunch; a number of things of the same kind growing or joined together; a knot; as a cluster of raisins.

2. A number of individuals or things collected or gathered into a close body; as a cluster of bees; a cluster of people.

Milton. Dryden.

3. A number of things situated near each other; as a cluster of governments in Italy.

J. Adams.

Cluster

CLUS'TER, verb intransitive To grow in clusters; to gather or unite in a bunch, or bunches; as, clustering grapes.

Milton.

2. To form into flakes; as, clustering snow.

Thomson.

3. To collect into flocks or crowds.

Cluster

CLUS'TER, verb transitive To collect into a bunch or close body.

Clustered

CLUS'TERED, participle passive Collected into a cluster, or crowd; crowded.

Cluster-Grape

CLUS'TER-GRAPE, noun A small black grape.

Mortimer.

Clustering

CLUS'TERING, participle of the present tense Growing in a cluster or in bunches; uniting in a buch, or in a flock, crowd, or close body.

Clustery

CLUS'TERY, adjective Growing in clusters.

Johnson.

Full of clusters.

Bailey.

Clutch

CLUTCH, v.t. [This seems to be from the root of Saxon loeccan, to seize, whence geloeccan, id. If not, I know not its origin. It may be allied to lock and latch.]

1. To double in the fingers and pinch or compress them together; to clinch. [If n is not radical in clinch, this may be from the same root.]

2. To seize, clasp or gripe with the hand; as, to clutch a dagger; to clutch prey.

Shak. Herbert.

3. To seize, or grasp; as, to clutch the globe at a grasp.

Collier.

Clutch

CLUTCH, noun A griping or pinching with the fingers; seizure; grasp.

Clutches

CLUTCH'ES, plu. The paws or talons of a rapacious animal, as of a cat or dog.

2. The hands, in the sense of rapacity or cruelty, or of power.

Hudibras. Stilling fleet.

Clutter

CLUT'TER, noun [Welsh cluder, a heap or pile, from cludaw, to bear, to bring together, to heap. It has the elements of Latin claudo.]

1. A heap or assemblage of things lying in confusion; a word of domestic application.

He saw what a clutter there was with huge pots, pans and spits.

L'Estrange.

2. Noise; bustle. [This sense seems allied to clatter, but it is not the sense of the word in N. England.]

Clutter

CLUT'TER, verb transitive To crowd together in disorder; to fill with things in confusion; as, to clutter a room; to clutter the house.

Clutter

CLUT'TER, verb intransitive To make a bustle, or fill with confusion.

[The English lexicographers explain this word by noise and bustle; but probably by mistake.]

Cluttered

CLUT'TERED, participle passive Encumbered with things in disorder.

Cluttering

CLUT'TERING, participle of the present tense Encumbering with things in confusion.

Clyster

CLYS'TER, noun [Greek, from, to wash or cleanse; Latin clyster; Dutch klisteer; German klystier; French clistere; Danish klisteer.]

An injection; a liquid substance injected into the lower intestines, for the purpose of promoting alvine discharges, relieving from costiveness, and cleansing the bowels. Sometimes it is administered to nourish and support patients who cannot swallow aliment.

Clyster-Pipe

CLYS'TER-PIPE, noun A tube, or pipe used for injections.

Clysterwise

CLYS'TERWISE, adverb In the manner of a clyster.

Co

CO, a prefix, signifying with, in conjunction. [See Con.]

Coacervate

COACERV'ATE, verb transitive [Latin coacervo; con and acervo, to heap up; acervus, a heap.] To heap up; to pile. [Little used.]

Coacervate

COACERV'ATE, adjective [Latin coacervatus.] Heaped; raised into a pile; collected into a crowd. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Coacervation

COACERVA'TION, noun The act of heaping, or state of being heaped together. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Coach

COACH, noun [French coche; Armoric coich; Italian cocchio, a coach or coach-box; Spanish coche, a coach and a coasting barge; Portugese coche; Dutch koets, a coach and a couch; German kutsche. This word seems to be radically a couch or bed, [French couche, coucher,] a covered bed on wheels, for conveying the infirm.]

A close vehicle for commodious traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or other animals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in front, as well as behind. It is a carriage of state, or for pleasure, or for travelling.

Hackney-coach, a coach kept for hire. In some cities, they are licensed by authority, and numbered, and the rates of fare fixed by law.

Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public mails.

Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers from town to town. [See Stage.]

Coach

COACH or COUCH, noun An apartment in a large ship of war near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop.

Mar. Dict.

Coach

COACH, verb transitive To carry in a coach.

Pope.

Coach-Box

COACH-BOX, noun The seat on which the driver of a coach sits.

Arbuthnot.

Coach-Hire

COACH-HIRE, noun Money paid for the use of a hired coach.

Dryden.

Coach-Horse

COACH-HORSE, noun A horse used in drawing coaches.

Coach-House

COACH-HOUSE, noun A house to shelter a coach from the weather.

Swift.

Coach-Maker

COACH-MAKER, noun A man whose occupation is to make coaches.

Swift.

Coachman

COACHMAN, noun The person who drives a coach.

Prior.

Coachmanship

COACHMANSHIP, noun Skill in driving coaches.

Jenyns.

Coact

COACT', verb intransitive To act together. [Not used.]

Shak.

Coacted

COACT'ED, participle passive or adjective Forced; compelled. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Coaction

COAC'TION, noun [Latin coactio, coactus, cogo; con and ago, to drive.]

Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling.

South.

Coactive

COACT'IVE, adjective Forcing; compulsory; having the power to impel or restrain.

Raleigh.

2. Acting in concurrence.

Shak.

Coactively

COACT'IVELY, adverb In a compulsory manner.

Bramhall.

Coadjutant

COADJU'TANT, adjective [Latin con and adjutans, helping.]

Helping; mutually assisting or operating.

Philips.

Coadjutor

COADJU'TOR, noun [Latin con and adjutor, a helper; adjuto, to help.]

1. One who aids another; an assistant; a fellow-helper; an associate in operation.

2. In the canon law, one who is empowered or appointed to perform the duties of another.

Johnson.

Coadjutrix

COADJU'TRIX, noun A female assistant.

Smollet.

Coadjuvancy

COADJU'VANCY, noun [Latin con and adjuvans; adjuvo, to assist.]

Joint help; assistance; concurrent aid; cooperation. [Little used.]

Brown.

Coadunate

COAD'UNATE, adjective [Latin coadunatus; con, ad and unus.]

In botany, coadunate leaves are several united at the base. The word is used also to denote one of the natural orders of plants in Linne's system.

Martyn.

Coadunition

COADUNI'TION, noun [Latin con, ad and unitio, from unus, one.]

The union of different substances in one mass. [Little used.]

Hale.

Coadventurer

COADVENT'URER, noun A fellow adventurer.

Howell.

Coafforest

COAFFOR'EST, verb transitive To convert ground into a forest.

Howell.

Coagent

COA'GENT, noun An assistant or associate in an act.

Beaum.

Coagment

COAGMENT, verb transitive [Latin coagmento, to join or cement; con and agmen, a compact body, from ago, to drive.]

To congregate or heap together. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Coagmentation

COAGMENTA'TION, noun Collection into a mass or united body; union; conjunction. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Coagmented

COAGMENT'ED, adjective Congregated; heaped together; united in one mass. [Little used.]

Glanville.

Coagulability

COAGULABIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being coagulated.

Ure.

Coagulable

COAG'ULABLE, adjective [See Coagulate.] That may be concreted; capable of congealing or changing from a liquid to an inspissated state; as coagulable lymph.

Boyle.

Coagulate

COAG'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin coagulo; French coaguler; Italian coagulare; Spanish coagular. Usually considered as from cogo, con and ago. But probably the last component part of the word is the Welsh ceulaw, to curdle, the root of gelid and congeal.]

To concrete; to curdle; to congeal; to change from a fluid into a fixed substance, or solid mass; as, to coagulate blood; rennet coagulates milk. This word is generally applied to the change of fluids into substances like curd or butter, of a moderate consistence, but not hard or impenetrable.

Bacon. Arbuthnot.

Coagulate

COAG'ULATE, verb intransitive To curdle or congeal; to turn from a fluid into a consistent state, or fixed substance; to thicken.

Bacon. Boyle.

Coagulated

COAG'ULATED, participle passive Concreted; curdled.

Coagulating

COAG'ULATING, participle of the present tense Curdling; congealing.

Coagulation

COAGULA'TION, noun The act of changing from a fluid to a fixed state; concretion; the state of being coagulated; the body formed by coagulating.

Arbuthnot.

Coagulative

COAG'ULATIVE, adjective That has the power to cause concretion.

Boyle.

Coagulator

COAG'ULATOR, noun That which causes coagulation.

Arbuthnot.

Coagulum

COAG'ULUM, noun Rennet; curd; the clot of blood, separated by cold, acid, &c.

Encyc. Coxe.

Coaiti

COA'ITI, noun A species of monkey in South America.

Coak

COAK. [See Coke.]

Coal

COAL, noun [Saxon col or coll; German kohle; Dutch kool; Danish kul; Swedish kol; Irish gual; Cornish kolan; Russian ugol. Qu. Hebrew. It is from the sense of glowing, raging, for in Danish kuler signifies to blow strong.]

1. A piece of wood, or other combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. When burning or ignited, it is called a live coal, or burning coal, or coal of fire. When the fire is extinct, it is called charcoal.

2. In the language of chimists, any substance containing oil, which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat without further decomposition.

Encyc.

3. In mineralogy, a solid, opake, inflammable substance, found in the earth, and by way of distinction called fossil coal. It is divided by recent mineralogists into three species, anthracite or glance coal, black or bituminous coal, and brown coal or lignite; under which are included many varieties, such as cannel coal, bovey coal, jet, &c.

Coal

COAL, verb transitive To burn to coal, or charcoal; to char.

Carew. Bacon.

2. To mark or delineate with charcoal.

Camden.

[As a verb, this word is little used.]

Coal-Black

COAL-BLACK, adjective Black as a coal; very black.

Dryden.

Coal-Box

COAL-BOX, noun A box to carry coal to the fire.

Swift.

Coal-Fish

COAL-FISH, noun A species of Gadus or cod, named from the color of its back. It grows to the length of two feet, or two and a half, and weighs about thirty pounds. This fish is found in great numbers about the Orkneys, and the northern parts of Britain.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Coal-House

COAL-HOUSE, noun A house or shed for keeping coal.

Coal-Mine

COAL-MINE, noun A mine or pit in which coal is dug.

Coal-Miner

COAL-MINER, noun One who works in a coal-mine.

Coal-Mouse

COAL-MOUSE, noun A small species of titmouse, with a black head.

Coal-Pit

COAL-PIT, noun A pit where coal is dug. In America, a place where charcoal is made.

Coal-Ship

COAL-SHIP, noun A ship employed in transporting coal.

Coal-Stone

COAL-STONE, noun A kind of cannel-coal.

Coal-Work

COAL-WORK, noun A coalery; a place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.

Coalery

COALERY, noun A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place where coals are dug, with the engines and machinery used in discharging the water and raising the coal.

Encyc.

Coalesce

COALESCE, v. i. coaless'. [Latin coalesco, from coaleo; con and alesco, from aleo or oleo, to grow.]

1. To grow together; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts, into one body, as separate bones in an infant, or the fingers or toes.

Encyc.

2. To unite and adhere in one body or mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction; as, vapors coalesce.

Newton.

3. To unite in society, in a more general sense.

The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations.

Campbell, Prelim. Dissert.

Coalescence

COALES'CENCE, noun The act of growing together; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.

Coalescing

COALES'CING, participle of the present tense Growing or coming together; uniting in a body or mass; uniting and adhering together.

Coalier

COALIER. or COALLIER. [See Collier.]

Coalite

CO'ALITE, verb transitive To unite or coalesce. [Not in use.]

Bolingbroke.

Coalition

COALI'TION, noun Union in a body or mass; a coming together, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in one body or mass; as, a coalition of atoms or particles.

Bentley.

2. Union of individual persons, parties or states.

Co-Ally

CO-ALLY', noun A joint ally; as the subject of a co-ally.

Kent.

Coaly

COALY, adjective Like coal; containing coal.

Milton.

Coamings

COAMINGS, noun In ships, the raised borders or edges of the hatches, made to prevent water from running into the lower apartments from the deck.

Mar. Dict.

Coapprehend

COAPPREHEND', verb transitive To apprehend with another. [Little used.]

Brown.

Coaptation

COAPTA'TION, noun [Latin con and apto, to fit.] The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other.

Boyle.

Coarct

CO`ARCT, or CO`ARCTATE, verb transitive [Latin coarcto; con and arcto.]

1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.

Bacon.

2. To restrain; to confine.

Ayliffe.

Coarctation

COARCTA'TION, noun Confinement; restraint to a narrow space.

Bacon.

2. Pressure; contraction.

Ray.

3. Restraint of liberty.

Bramhall.

Coarse

COARSE, adjective [This word may be allied to gross, and the Latin crassus, for similar transpositions of letters are not uncommon.]

1. Thick; large or gross in bulk; comparatively of large diameter; as coarse thread or yarn; coarse hair; coarse sand. This seems to be the primary sense of the word; opposed to fine or slender. Hence,

2. Thick; rough; or made of coarse thread or yarn; as coarse cloth.

3. Not refined; not separated from grosser particles, or impurities; as coarse metal; coarse glass.

Shak.

4. Rude; rough; unrefined; uncivil; as coarse manners.

5. Gross; not delicate.

The coarser tie of human law.

Thomson.

6. Rude; rough; unpolished; inelegant; applied to language.

Dryden.

7. Not nicely expert; not accomplished by art or education; as a coarse practitioner.

Arbuthnot.

8. Mean; not nice; not refined or elegant; as a coarse perfume; a coarse diet.

Coarsely

COARSELY, adverb Roughly; without fineness or refinement; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly; without art or polish.

Brown. Dryden.

Coarseness

COARSENESS, noun Largeness of size; thickness; as the coarseness of thread.

2. The quality of being made of coarse thread or yarn; whence thickness and roughness; as the coarseness of cloth.

3. Unrefined state; the state of being mixed with gross particles or impurities; as the coarseness of glass.

Bacon.

4. Roughness; grossness; rudeness; applied to manners; as the coarseness of a clown.

Garth.

5. Grossness; want of refinement or delicacy; want of polish; as the coarseness of expression or of language.

L'Estrange.

6. Meanness; want of art in preparation; want of nicety; as the coarseness of food or of raiment.

Coassessor

COASSES'SOR, noun [See Assess.] A joint assessor.

Coassume

COASSU'ME, verb transitive [con and assume.] To assume something with another.

Walsall.

Coast

COAST, noun [Latin costa, a rib, side or coast; Welsh cost; French cote for coste; Italian costa; Spanish costa; Portugese id.; Dutch kust; German kÃƒ-¼ste. Hence to accost. See Class Gs. No. 18. 25. 67. The word properly signifies a side, limit, border, the exterior part, from extension.]

1. The exterior line, limit or border of a country, as in Scripture. "From the river to the uttermost sea shall your coast be." Deuteronomy 11. "And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim." Numbers 24. Hence the word may signify the whole country within certain limits. Exodus 10:4.

2. The edge or margin of the land next to the sea; the sea-shore. This is the more common application of the word; and it seems to be used for sea-coast, the border of the sea. Hence it is never used for the bank of a river.

3. A side; applied to objects indefinitely, by Bacon and Newton. This is a correct use of the word, but now obsolete.

4. The country near the sea-shore; as, populous towns along the coast.

The coast is clear, is a proverbial phrase signifying, the danger is over; the enemies have marched off, or left the coast.

Dryden.

Coast

COAST, verb intransitive To sail near a coast; to sail by or near the shore, or in sight of land.

The ancients coasted only in their navigation.

Arbuthnot.

2. To sail from port to port in the same country.

Coast

COAST, verb transitive To sail by or near to; as, to coast the American shore.

2. To draw near; to approach; to follow. Obs.

Spenser.

Coasted

COASTED, participle passive Sailed by.

Coaster

COASTER, noun One who sails near the shore.

Dryden.

2. A vessel that is employed in sailing along a coast, or is licensed to navigate or trade from port to port in the same country. In the United States, coasting vessels of twenty tuns burthen and upwards must be enrolled at the custom house.

Coasting

COASTING, participle of the present tense Sailing along or near a coast.

Coasting-Pilot

COASTING-PILOT, noun A pilot who conducts vessels along a coast.

Coasting-Trade

COASTING-TRADE, noun The trade which is carried on between the different ports of the same country, or under the same jurisdiction, as distinguished from foreign trade.

Coasting-Vessel

COASTING-VESSEL, noun A vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.

Coat

COAT, noun [French cotte; Italian cotta; Irish cota; Cornish kota; Pol. kotz. It may be from the root of the Russian kutayu, to cover, and be allied to hut. The primary sense may be, that which is spread over or put on. But such words are sometimes from verbs which signify to strip, or to repel. The Greek has the like elements, but the sense seems to be, to withdraw. I question whether coat has any connection with the Shemitic, Greek, a tunic. This word in Chaldee Syriac and Arabic signifies flax.]

1. An upper garment, of whatever material it may be made. The word is, in modern times, generally applied to the garment worn by men next over the vest.

God made coats of skin and clothed them. Genesis 3.

Jacob made Joseph a coat of many colors. Genesis 37.

He shall put on the holy linen coat. Leviticus 16.

Goliath was armed with a coat of mail. 1 Samuel 17.

2. A petticoat; a garment worn by infants or young children.

Locke.

3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office.

Men of his coat should be minding their prayers.

Swift.

So we say, "men of his cloth."

4. External covering, as the fur or hair of a beast, the skin of serpents, the wool of sheep, &c.

Milton.

5. A tunic of the eye; a membrane that serves as a cover; a tegument.

Derham.

6. The division or layer of a bulbous root; as the coats of an onion.

7. A cover; a layer of any substance covering another; as a coat of tar, pitch or varnish; a coat of canvas round a mast; a coat of tin-foil.

8. That on which ensigns armorial are portrayed; usually called a coat of arms. Anciently knights wore a habit over their arms, reaching as low as the navel, open at the sides, with short sleeves, on which were the armories of the knights, embroidered in gold and silver, and enameled with beaten tin of various colors. This habit was diversified with bands and fillets of several colors, placed alternately, and called devises, as being divided and composed of several pieces sewed together.

The representation of these is still called a coat of arms.

9. A coat of mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shirt, consisting of a net-work of iron rings.

10. A card; a coat-card is one on which a king, queen or knave is painted.

Coat

COAT, verb transitive To cover or spread over with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a retort; to coat a ceiling; to coat a vial.

2. To cover with cloth or canvas; as, to coat a mast or a pump.

Coat-Armor

COAT-ARMOR, noun A coat of arms; armorial ensigns.

Blackstone. Shenstone.

Coated

COATED, participle passive Covered with a coat; loricated; covered or overspread with any thing that defends; clothed with a membrane.

2. Having concentric coats or layers, as a bulbous root.

Martyn.

Coati

COATI, noun An animal of South America, resembling the raccoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur and smaller eyes; the Viverra nasua of Linne.

Coating

COATING, participle of the present tense Covering with a coat; overspreading.

Coating

COATING, noun A covering, or the act of covering; lorication; any substance spread over for cover or defense; as the coating of a retort or of a vial.

2. Cloth for coats; as, merchants advertise an assortment of coatings.

Coax

COAX, verb transitive [Welsh cocru, to fondle, to cocker; cocyr, a coaxing, indulgence; Spanish cocar, to make wry faces, to coax.]

To wheedle; to flatter; to soothe, appease or persuade by flattery and fondling. [A low word.]

L'Estrange.

Coaxed

COAXED, participle passive Soothed or persuaded by flattery.

Coaxer

COAXER, noun A wheedler; a flatterer.

Coaxing

COAXING, participle of the present tense Wheedling; flattering.

Cob

COB, noun [Welsh cob or cop, a top or tuft, a thump; Greek; German kopf, the head; Dutch kop; Saxon cop.]

1. The top or head; a covetous wretch; a foreign coin.

Bailey.

[In these senses not used in America.]

2. In America, the receptacle of the maiz, or American corn; a shoot in form of a pin or spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This receptacle, with the corn, is called the ear.

3. A sea-fowl, the sea-cob. [Italian gabbiano, a cob, sea-mew or gull.]

4. A ball or pellet for feeding fowls.

Bailey.

5. In some parts of England, a spider. Old Dutch, kop or koppe, a spider, retained in koppespin, spinnekop, a spider.

6. A horse not castrated; a strong poney.

Cob

COB, verb transitive In seamen's language, to punish by striking the breech with a flat piece of wood, or with a board.

Mar. Dict.

Cobalt

CO'BALT, noun [Dutch cobalt. This is said to be the German kobold, a goblin, the demon of the mines; so called by miners, because cobalt was troublesome to miners, and at first its value was not known.]

A mineral of a reddish gray or grayish white color, very brittle, of a fine close grain, compact, but easily reducible to powder. It crystalizes in bundles of needles, arranged one over another. It is never found in a pure state; but usually as an oxyd, or combined with arsenic or its acid, with sulphur, iron, &c. Its ores are arranged under the following species, viz arsenical cobalt, of a white color, passing to steel gray; its texture is granular, and when heated it exhales the odor of garlic: gray cobalt, a compound of cobalt, arsenic, iron, and sulphur, of a white color, with a tinge of red; its structure is foliated, and its crystals have a cube for their primitive form: sulphuret of cobalt, compact and massive in its structure: oxyd of cobalt, brown or brownish black, generally friable and earthy: sulphate and arseniate of cobalt, both of a red color, the former soluble in water. The impure oxyd of cobalt is called zaffer; but when fused with three parts of siliceous sand and an alkaline flux, it is converted into a blue glass, called smalt. The great use of cobalt is to give a permanent blue color to glass and enamels upon metals, porcelain and earthern wares.

Fourcroy. Encyc. Cleaveland.

CÃƒ-³balt-bloom, acicular arseniate of cobalt.

CÃƒ-³balt-crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt.

Cobaltic

COBALT'IC, adjective Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it; resembling cobalt, or containing it.

Cobble

COB'BLE, or COB'BLE-STONE, noun [ copple. This seems to be of Welsh origin, Welsh cub, a mass, a cube, or cob, cop, head, top.]

A roundish stone; a pebble; supposed to be a fragment, rounded by the attrition of water. We give this name to stones of various sizes, from that of a hen's egg or smaller, to that of large paving stones. These stones are called by the English copple-stones and bowlder-stones or bowl-ders. The latter name is among us known only in books.

Cobble

COB'BLE, verb transitive [In Persic, kobal, is a shoemaker.]

1. To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to botch.

Shak.

2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily; as, to cobble rhymes.

Dryden.

Cobbler

COB'BLER, noun A mender of shoes.

Addison.

2. A clumsy workman.

Shak.

3. A mean person.

Dryden.

Cobbling

COB'BLING, participle of the present tense Mending coarsely.

Cobby

COB'BY, adjective Stout; brisk. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Cobcal

COB'CAL, noun A sandal worn by ladies in the east.

Cobcoals

COB'COALS, noun Large round coals.

Cobelligerent

COBELLIG'ERENT, adjective [See Belligerent.]

Carrying on war in conjunction with another power.

Cobelligerent

COBELLIG'ERENT, noun A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another.

Cobiron

COB'IRON, noun [See Cob.] An andiron with a knob at the top.

Bacon.

Cobishop

COBISH'OP, noun A joint or coadjutant bishop.

Ayliffe.

Coble

CO'BLE, noun [Saxon cuople.] A boat used in the herring fishery.

Cobloaf

COB'LOAF, noun A loaf that is irregular, uneven or crusty. Qu. Is it not a round loaf?

Cobnut

COB'NUT, noun A boy's play, or a hazle-nut so called, used in play; the conquering nut.

Ash. Barret.

Coboose

COBOOSE, noun [See Caboose.]

Cobstone

COB'STONE, noun [See Cobble.]

Cobswan

COB'SWAN, noun [cob, head, and swan.] The head or leading swan.

B. Johnson.

Cobweb

COB'WEB, noun [cob or koppe, a spider; Dutch spinnekop; Saxon atter-coppa, poison spider. In Chaldee is a spider's web.]

1. The line, thread or filament which a spider spins from its abdomen; the net-work spread by a spider to catch its prey. Hence,

2. Any snare, implying insidiousness and weakness.

Johnson.

In this sense it is used adjectively or in composition, for thin, flimsy; as a cobweb law.

Dryden. Swift.

Or slender, feeble; as the cobweb thread of life.

Buckminster.

Cobwebbed

COB'WEBBED, adjective In botany, covered with a thick interwoven pubescence.

Martyn.

2. Covered with cobwebs.

Cocalon

CO'CALON, noun A large cocoon, of a weak texture.

Encyc.

Cocciferous

COCCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin coccus, and fero, to bear; Greek, a berry, grain or seed, or a red berry used in dyeing; Welsh coc, red.]

Bearing or producing berries; as cocciferous trees or plants.

Quincy.

Coccolite

COC'COLITE, noun [Greek, a berry, and, a stone.]

A variety of augite or pyroxene; called by HaÃƒ-¼y, granuliform pyroxene. Its color is usually some shade of green. It is composed of granular distinct concretions, easily separable, some of which present the appearance of crystals whose angles and edges have been obliterated.

Cleaveland. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cocculus Indicus, the fruit of the Menispermum cocculus, a poisonous berry, often used in adulterating malt liquors.

Encyc.

Cochineal

COCH'INEAL, noun [Spanish cochinilla, a woodlouse, and an insect used in dyeing; Italian cocciniglia; French cochenille; from the Greek, as the cochineal was formerly supposed to be the grain or seed of a plant, and this word was formerly defined to be the grain of the ilex glandifera. See Gregoire's Armoric Dictionary.]

An insect, the Coccus cacti, of the genus Coccus, a native of the warmer climates of America, particularly of Oaxaca, in Mexico. It is found on a plant called nopal or Indian fig-tree. The female, which alone is valued for its color, is ill-shaped, tardy and stupid; the male is small, slender and active. It is of the size of a tick. At a suitable time, these insects are gathered and put in a pot, where they are confined for some time, and then killed by the application of heat. These insects thus killed form a mass or drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is used in giving red colors, especially crimson and scarlet, and for making carmine. It has been used in medicine, as a cardiac, sudorific, alexipharmic and febrifuge; but is now used only to give a color to tinctures, &c.

Encyc.

Cochleary

COCH'LEARY, or COCH'LEATE, or COCH'LEATED, adjective [Latin cochlea, a screw, the shell of a snail; Greek, from, to turn or twist.]

Having the form of a screw; spiral; turbinated; as a cochleate pod.

Martyn.

Cochlite

COCH'LITE, noun [Greek, a snail.] A fossil shell having a mouth like that of a snail.

Morin.

Cock

COCK, noun [Saxon coc; French coq; Armoric gocq; Sanscrit kuka; Slav. kokosch. The sense is, that which shoots out or up; Italian cocca, the tip of a spindle, the top or crown; Latin cacumen.]

1. The male of birds, particularly of gallinaceous or domestic fowls, which having no appropriate or distinctive name, are called dunghill fowls or barn-door fowls.

2. A weather-cock; a vane in shape of a cock.

Shak.

[It is usually called a weather-cock.]

3. A spout; an instrument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat or pipe; so named from its projection.

4. The projecting corner of a hat.

Addison.

5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped for shedding rain; called in England a cop. When hay is dry and rolled together for carting, the heaps are not generally called cocks, at least not in New England. A large conical pile is called a stack.

6. The style or gnomon of a dial.

Chambers.

7. The needle of a balance.

Bailey. Johnson.

8. The piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch.

Bailey.

9. The notch of an arrow. [Italian cocca.]

Johnson.

10. The part of a musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and which, being impelled by a spring, strikes fire, and opens the pan at the same time.

11. A small boat. [Welsh cwc, Irish coca, Dutch and Danish kaag, Italian cocca.] It is now called a cock-boat, which is tautology, as cock itself is a boat.

12. A leader; a chief man.

Sir Andrew is the cock of the club.

Addison.

13. Cock-crowing; the time when cocks crow in the morning.

Shak.

Cock a hoop, or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph; triumphant; exulting. [Qu. French Coq Ãƒ-  huppe. Bailey.]

Camden. Shak. Hudibras.

Cock and a bull, a phrase denoting tedious trifling stories.

Cock

COCK, verb transitive To set erect; to turn up; as, to cock the nose or ears.

Addison.

2. To set the brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points; or to set up with an air of pertness.

Prior.

3. To make up hay in small conical piles.

4. To set or draw back the cock of a gun, in order to fire.

Dryden.

Cock

COCK, verb intransitive To hold up the head; to strut; to look big, pert, or menacing.

Dryden. Addison.

2. To train or use fighting cocks. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

3. To cocker. [Not in use.]

Cockade

COCKA'DE, noun [French cocarde; Spanish cocarda; Portugese cocar, or cocarda.]

A ribin or knot of ribin, or something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers of the army or navy, sometimes by others. It most usually designates the military character; sometimes political parties.

Cockaded

COCKA'DED, adjective Wearing a cockade.

Young.

Cockal

COCK'AL, noun A game called huckle bone.

Kinder.

Cockatoo

COCKATOO', noun A bird of the parrot kind.

Herbert.

Cockatrice

COCK'ATRICE, noun [French cocatrix, from coc. Junius mentions the word as in Dutch kocketras. The Irish call it riogh-nathair, the king-serpent, answering to basilisk.]

A serpent imagined to proceed from a cock's egg. Bacon. Taylor. Isaiah 11:8. lix. 5.

Cock-Bill

COCK-BILL. In seamen's language, the anchor is a cock-bill, when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cat-head, ready to be let go in a moment.

Mar. Dict.

Cock-Boat

COCK'-BOAT, noun A small boat. [See Cock, No. 11.]

Cock-Brained

COCK'-BRAINED, adjective Giddy; rash.

Milton.

Cock-Broth

COCK'-BROTH, noun Broth made by boiling a cock.

Harvey.

Cock-Chaffer

COCK'-CHAFFER, noun The May-bug or dorr-beetle, a species of Scarabaeus.

Cock-Crowing

COCK'-CROWING, noun The time at which cocks crow; early morning. Mark 13.

Cocker

COCK'ER, verb transitive [Welsh cocru. See Coax.]

To fondle; to indulge; to treat with tenderness; to pamper.

Locke. Swift.

Cocker

COCK'ER, noun One who follows cock-fighting.

Johnson.

2. A sort of spatter-dash.

Bp. Hall.

Cockerel

COCK'EREL, noun A young cock.

Dryden.

Cockering

COCK'ERING, noun Indulgence.

Milton.

Cocket

COCK'ET, adjective Brisk; pert.

Sherwood.

Cocket

COCK'ET, noun [Qu. French cachet, Armoric cacheot, a seal.]

A seal of the custom-house; a royal seal; rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the officers of the customhouse, to merchants, as a warrant that their merchandize is entered. The office of entry.

Spelman. Cowel. Encyc.

Cocket-Bread

COCK'ET-BREAD, noun The finest sort of wheat bread. Qu. stamped-bread.

Cock-Fight

COCK'-FIGHT, or COCK'-FIGHTING, noun A match or contest of cocks; a barbarous sport of the ancients, and moderns, in which cocks are set to fight with each other, till one or the other is conquered.

Bacon. Addison.

Cock-Horse

COCK'-HORSE, adjective On horse back; triumphat; exulting.

Prior.

Cocking

COCK'ING, noun Cock-fighting.

Beaum.

Cockle

COCK'LE, noun [Saxon coccel, cocel, or cocle; Irish cagal; Spanish and Portugese joyo; French coquelicot.]

A plant or weed that grows among corn, the cornrose, a species of Agrostemma. It is also applied to the Lolium or darnel.

Cockle

COCK'LE, noun [French coque, coquille; Latin cochlea; Welsh cocos, plu.; Greek, from, to turn or roll. Probably by giving the a nasal sound, Greek, Latin concha, are from the same root, whence, Latin conchylium, Italian conchiglia. See Conch.]

1. A small testaceous shell; or rather a genus of shells, the Cardium. The general characteristics are; shells nearly equilateral and equivalvular; hinge with two small teeth, one on each side the beak, and two larger remote lateral teeth, one on each side; prominent ribs running from the hinge to the edge of the valve.

Cuvier. Linne.

2. A mineral; a name given by the Cornish miners to shirl or shorl.

Nicholson.

3. A young cock. Obs. [See Cockerel.]

Spenser.

Cockle

COCK'LE, verb intransitive or t. To contract into wrinkles; to shrink, pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth.

Bailey.

Cockled

COCK'LED, participle passive Contracted into folds or wrinkles; winding.

2. Having shells.

Cockler

COCK'LER, noun One that takes and sells cockles.

Gray.

Cockle-Stairs

COCK'LE-STAIRS, noun Winding or spiral stairs.

Chambers.

Cock-Loft

COCK'-LOFT, noun [See Cock.] The top-loft; the upper room in a house or other building; a lumber room.

Dryden. Swift.

Cock-Master

COCK'-MASTER, noun One who breeds game cocks.

L'Estrange.

Cock-Match

COCK'-MATCH, noun A match of cocks; a cock-fight.

Addison.

Cockney

COCK'NEY, noun [Most probably from Latin coquina, a kitchen, or coquino, to cook; French coquin, idle; French cocagne, Italian cuccagna, an imaginary country of idleness and luxury. In some ancient poetry, the word seems to signify a cook.

"And yet I say by my soul I have no salt bacon, Ne no cokeney by Christe coloppes to make." "At that feast were they served in rich array; Every five and five had a cokeney."

See note on Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Line, 4206. Edinburgh, 1782. Hence, a citizen who leads an idle life or never leaves the city.]

1. A native of London, by way of contempt.

Watts. Shak.

2. An effeminate, ignorant, despicable citizen.

Shak.

Cockneylike

COCK'NEYLIKE, adjective Resembling the manners of a cockney.

Burton.

Cock-Paddle

COCK'-PADDLE, noun The lump fish or seaowl.

Encyc.

Cockpit

COCK'PIT, noun A pit or area, where game cocks fight.

Shak.

2. In ships of war, a room or apartment, in which the wounded men are dressed; situated near the after-hatchway, under the lower gun-deck. The fore-cockpit is a place leading to the magazine passage and the store room of the boatswain, gunner and carpenter.

Mar. Dict.

Cockroach

COCK'ROACH, noun A genus of insects, the Blatta, of several species. They have four semicrustaceous wings, and resemble the beetle; the head is inflected towards the breast; the feelers are hard like bristles; the elytra and wings are plain and resemble parchment. These animals are very troublesome, as they enter chests of clothes, meal-tubs, pantries, and infest beds. They avoid the light, and have a very unsavory smell.

Encyc.

Cocks-Comb

COCKS'-COMB, noun The caruncle or comb of a cock.

2. A plant. This name is given to the Celosia cristata, the Pedicularis or louse-wort, and the Rhinanthus, or yellow rattle.

Fam. of Plants. Lee.

3. A fop, or vain silly fellow. [See Coxcomb.]

Cockshead

COCKS'HEAD, noun A plant, the Hedysarum or sainfoin.

Fam. of Plants.

Cockshut

COCK'SHUT, noun The close of the day, when fowls go to roost.

Shak.

Cockspur

COCK'SPUR, noun Virginia hawthorn, a species of medlar.

Miller.

Cocksure

COCK'SURE, adjective Confidently certain. [A low word.]

Pope.

Cockswain

COCK'SWAIN, noun contracted into coxen. [See Swain.] An officer on board of a ship who has the care of the boat and the boat's crew.

Mar. Dict.

Cock-Weed

COCK'-WEED, noun A plant called also dittander and pepperwort.

Johnson.

Cocoa

COCOA, n. co'co. [Spanish coco; Portugese coco, the nut, and coqueiro, the tree; Italian cocco; French coco.]

A tree belonging to the genus Cocos, of the order of Palmae; and the fruit or nut of the tree. This tree grows in the warm climates of both the Indies. It rises to the highth of 60 feet, and the stem is like an apothecary's pestle, of equal thickness at the ends, but somewhat smaller in the middle. The bark is smooth, of a pale brown color, and the tree often leans to one side. The leaves or branches are 14 or 15 feet long, about 28 in number, winged, of a yellow color, straight and tapering. The nuts hang in clusters of a dozen each, on the top of the tree. The husk of this nut consists of strong, tough, stringy filaments, resembling coarse oakum. This covers a hard shell, which contains a white kernel that is wholesome food, and a liquor which is a cooling beverage.

Encyc.

Cocoa-Nut

CO'COA-NUT, noun The nut or fruit of the cocoa-tree.

Cocoon

COCOON', noun [French cocon.] An oblong ball or case in which the silk-worm involves itself, formed by threads which compose silk.

Coctile

COC'TILE, adjective [Latin coctilis, from coquo, to cook.]

Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.

Coction

COC'TION, noun [Latin coctio, from coquo, to cook.]

The act of boiling or exposing to heat in liquor. In medicine, that alteration in the crude matter of a disease, which fits it for a discharge; digestion.

Coxe. Encyc.

Cod

COD, or COD'FISH, noun A species of fish, of the genus Gadus, inhabiting northern seas, but particularly the banks of Newfoundland, and the shores of New England. [See Haddock.]

Cod

COD, noun [Saxon codd; Welsh cod, cwd; German hode. Probably in a different dialect, French cosse, or ecosse.]

1. Any husk, envelop or case, containing the seeds of a plant; a pod.

Mortimer.

2. A bag; the scrotum.

3. A pillow. [Not in use.]

Codded

COD'DED, adjective Inclosed in a cod.

Mortimer.

Codder

COD'DER, noun A gatherer of cods or peas.

Johnson.

Coddy

COD'DY, adjective Husky.

Sherwood.

Code

CODE, noun [Latin codex, or caudex; French code; Italian codice; Spanish codigo. The Latin word signifies the stem of a tree, and a board or number of boards united, on which accounts were kept. So the Greeks used, a board, for a like purpose, from, to cut or split; whence Latin scheda, a sheet.]

1. A collection of the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors, made by order of Justinian, containing twelve books. The name is also given to other collections of Roman laws; as the Theodosian code. Hence in general,

2. Any collection or digest of laws.

Pope. Blackstone.

Codger

COD'GER, noun [Spanish coger, to catch, says

Todd. Hence he defines the word by miser. But the primary sense is by no means obvious. I take it to be a corruption of cottager, Norm. cotier.]

A rustic; a clown; a miserly man.

Codicil

COD'ICIL, noun [Latin codicillus, dim. of codex.]

A writing by way of supplement to a will.

Prior.

Codille

CODILLE, n. codill'. [French codille; Spanish codillo, the knee, a joint; codo, the elbow; that is, a turn or a fastening.]

A term at ombre, when the game is won.

Pope.

Codle

COD'LE, or COD'DLE, verb transitive To parboil, or soften by the heat of water.

Codle

COD'LE, verb transitive To make much of. [Not in use.]

Codling

COD'LING, or COD'LIN, noun An apple codled; or one suitable for codling, or used for that purpose.

Bacon. Mortimer.

Codling

COD'LING, noun A young cod.

Coefficacy

COEF'FICACY, noun [con and efficacy, Latin efficio.]

Joint efficacy; the power of two or more things acting together to produce an effect.

Brown.

Coefficiency

COEFFI'CIENCY, noun [con and efficiency, Latin efficio.]

Cooperation; joint power of two or more things or causes, acting to the same end.

Glanville.

Coefficient

COEFFI'CIENT, adjective [con and Latin efficiens.] Cooperating; acting in union to the same end.

Coefficient

COEFFI'CIENT, noun That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.

2. In algebra, a number or known quantity put before letters, or quantities, known or unknown, and into which it is supposed to be multiplied; as in 3 x and a x, 3 and a are the coefficients of x.

3. In fluxions, the coefficient of any generating term is the quantity which arises from the division of that term by the generated quantity.

Chambers. Bailey.

Coefficiently

COEFFI'CIENTLY, adverb By cooperation.

Co-Elder

CO-ELD'ER, noun An elder of the same rank.

Trapp.

Coeliac

COE'LIAC, or CE'LIAC, adjective [Greek, from, the belly; allied perhaps to, hollow.]

Pertaining to the belly, or to the intestinal canal.

Coeliac artery is the artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm.

Encyc.

Coeliac passion, the lientery, a flux or diarrhoea of undigested food.

Coxe.

Coeliac vein, a vein of the intestinum rectum.

Coxe.

Coemption

COEMP'TION, noun [Latin coemptio; con and emo, to buy.]

The act of purchasing the whole quantity of any commodity.

Bacon.

Coenjoy

COENJOY', verb transitive To enjoy together.

Howell.

Coequal

COE'QUAL, adjective [Latin con and equalis, equal.] Equal with another person or thing; of the same rank, dignity or power.

Shak.

Coequal

COE'QUAL, noun One who is equal to another.

Coequality

COEQUAL'ITY, noun The state of being equal with another; equality in rank, dignity or power.

Coequally

COE'QUALLY, adverb With joint equality.

Coerce

COERCE', v. t. coers'. [Latin coerceo; con and arceo, to drive, or press.]

1. To restrain by force; to keep from acting, or transgressing, particularly by moral force, as by law or authority; to repress.

Ayliffe.

2. To compel; to constrain.

These causesÃ‚--coerced by those which preceded and coercing those which followed.

Dwight, Theol.

Coerced

COER'CED, participle passive Restrained by force; compelled.

Coercible

COER'CIBLE, adjective That may or ought to be restrained or compelled.

Coercing

COER'CING, participle of the present tense Restraining by force; constraining.

Coercion

COER'CION, noun Restraint, check, particularly by law or authority; compulsion; force.

South.

Coercive

COER'CIVE, adjective That has power to restrain, particularly by moral force, as of law or authority.

Hooker. Dryden.

2. Compulsory; constraining; forcing.

Coercively

COER'CIVELY, adverb By constraint.

Coessential

COESSEN'TIAL, a. [con and essential, from Latin essentialis. See Essence.]

Partaking of the same essence.

We bless and magnify that coessential spirit, eternally proceeding from the father and son.

Hooker.

Coessentiality

COESSENTIAL'ITY, noun Participation of the same essence.

Johnson.

Coessentially

COESSEN'TIALLY, adverb In a coessential manner.

Coestablishment

COESTAB'LISHMENT, noun Joint establishment.

Bp. of Landaff.

Coetaneous

COETA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin cooetaneus; con and oetas, age. Coetanean is rarely used.]

Of the same age with another; beginning to exist at the same time; with to. "Every fault has penal effects, coetaneous to the act." But with may be preferable to to. This word is sometimes used as synonymous with cotemporary; but coetaneous seems properly to denote cotemporary in origin, rather than cotemporary in existence at any other period. It may however be used in both senses.

Coeternal

COETERN'AL, adjective [Latin con and oeternus.] Equally eternal with another.

Milton.

Coeternally

COETERN'ALLY, adverb With equal eternity.

Hooker.

Coeternity

COETERN'ITY, noun Existence from eternity equal with another eternal being; equal eternity.

Hammond.

Coeval

COE'VAL, adjective [Latin cooevus; con and oevum, age.]

Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time; of equal age; usually and properly followed by with.

Hale. Pope. Bentley.

Coeval

COE'VAL, noun One of the same age; one who begins to exist at the same time. It is not properly used as synonymous with cotemporary.

Coevous

COE'VOUS, adjective The same as coeval, but not used.

South.

Co-Executor

CO-EXEC'UTOR, noun A joint executor.

Coexist

COEXIST', o. i. [Latin con and existo. See Exist.]

To exist at the same time with another; followed by with.

Hale. Locke.

Coexistence

COEXIST'ENCE, noun Existence at the same time with another; followed regularly by with.

Locke. Grew.

Coexistent

COEXIST'ENT, adjective Existing at the same time with another; regularly followed by with.

Locke. Bentley.

Coextend

COEXTEND', verb intransitive [Latin con and extendo. See Extend.]

To extend through the same space or duration with another; to extend equally; as, one line coextends with another; or perhaps in a transitive sense, to coextend a line with another.

Coextended

COEXTEND'ED, participle passive Being equally extended.

Grew.

Coextending

COEXTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Extending through the same space or duration with another.

Coextension

COEXTEN'SION, noun The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended.

Hale.

Coextensive

COEXTEN'SIVE, adjective Equally extensive; having equal extent.

Coextensiveness

COEXTEN'SIVENESS, noun Equal extension or extent.

Coffee

COF'FEE, noun [French caffÃƒ-©; Italian caffe; Spanish cafÃƒ-©; Portugese id.; German kaffee; Dutch koffy; Arabic cahuah.]

The berry of a tree belonging to the genus Coffea, growing in Arabia, Persia, and in other warm climates of Asia and America. It will grow to the highth of 16 or 18 feet, but its growth is generally stinted to five feet, for the convenience of gathering the fruit. The stem is upright, and covered with a light brown bark; the branches are horizontal and opposite, crossing each other at every joint, and forming a sort of pyramid. The flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and close to the branches; they are of a pure white and of an agreeable odor. The fruit which is a berry, grows in clusters, along the branches, under the axils of the leaves.

Encyc.

2. A drink made from the berry of the coffeetree, by decoction. The berry is first roasted, and then ground in a mill, and boiled. The use of it is said to have been introduced into France by Thevenot, the traveler, and into England, in 1652, by a Greek servant, called Pasqua. The best coffee is said to be the Mocha coffee from Arabia Felix. The coffee of Java, Bourbon and the West Indies constitutes an important article of commerce.

Coffee-Cup

COF'FEE-CUP, noun A cup from which coffee is drank.

Coffee-House

COF'FEE-HOUSE, noun A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.

Prior. Swift.

2. A house of entertainment; an inn; which in some cities is also an exchange where merchants meet to transact business.

Coffee-Man

COF'FEE-MAN, noun One who keeps a coffee-house.

Addison.

Coffee-Pot

COF'FEE-POT, noun A covered pot in which coffee is boiled, or in which it is brought upon the table for drinking.

Coffer

COF'FER, noun [French coffre; Armoric couffr, coffr; Irish cofra; Spanish cofre; Portugese id.; Dutch and German koffer; Danish koffert; Swedish id; Welsh cofawr, from cof, a hollow trunk. The same French word coffre signifies a coffer, and the trunk of the body, and a coffin. In Arabic is a chest or basket. The primary sense is probably a holder, or a hollow place.]

1. A chest or trunk; and as a chest is customarily used for keeping money, hence

2. A chest of money; a treasure.

Bacon.

3. In architecture, a square depression or sinking in each interval between the modillions of the Corinthian cornice, ordinarily filled with a rose, a pomegranate or other enrichment.

Chambers. Encyc.

4. In fortification, a hollow lodgment across a dry moat, from 6 to 7 feet deep and from 16 to 18 broad; the upper part made of pieces of timber, raised two feet above the level of the moat; which little elevation has hurdles laden with earth for its covering, and serves as a parapet with embrasures. It is raised by the besieged to repulse besiegers when they endeavor to pass the ditch.

Chambers. Encyc.

Coffer

COF'FER, verb transitive To reposit or lay up in a coffer.

Bacon.

Coffered

COF'FERED, participle passive Laid up in a coffer.

Cofferer

COF'FERER, noun The Cofferer of the king's household in Great Britain, a principal officer of the court, next under the Controller. He was also a white-staff officer, and a member of the privy council. He had the special charge and oversight of the other officers of the household. This office is now suppressed, and the business is transacted by the lord steward and pay-master of the household.

Cowel. Encyc.

Coffin

COF'FIN, noun [French coffre. See Coffer. In French, coffin is a candle-basket; Greek; Norm. French, cofin, a basket; Spanish cofin; radically the same word as coffer.]

1. The chest or box in which a dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault.

2. A mold of paste for a pie.

Johnson.

3. A paper case, in the form of a cone, used by grocers.

Johnson.

4. In farriery, the hollow part of a horse's hoof; or the whole hoof above the coronet, including the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone in the midst of the hoof, and possessing the whole form of the hoof.

Bailey. Farrier's Dict.

Coffin

COF'FIN, verb transitive To put in or inclose in a coffin.

Shak. Donne.

Coffined

COF'FINED, participle passive Inclosed in a coffin.

Coffin-Maker

COF'FIN-MAKER, noun One who makes, or whose occupation is to make coffins.

Tatler.

Cofounder

COFOUND'ER, noun A joint founder.

Weever.

Cog

COG, verb transitive [Welsh coegiaw, to make void, to deceive, from coeg, empty, vain.]

1. To flatter; to wheedle; to seduce or draw from, by adulation or artifice.

I'll cog their hearts from them.

Shak.

2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; as, to cog in a word to serve a purpose.

Stillingfleet. Tillotson. Dennis.

To cog a die, to secure it so as to direct its fall; to falsify; to cheat in playing dice.

Dryden. Swift.

Cog

COG, verb intransitive To deceive; to cheat; to lie.

Tusser. Shak.

2. To wheedle.

Cog

COG, noun [Welsh cocos, cogs of a wheel. Qu. Spanish coger, to catch, or Welsh cocw, a mass or lump, cog, a mass, a short piece of wood.]

The tooth of a wheel, by which it drives another wheel or body.

Cog

COG, verb transitive To fix a cog; to furnish with cogs.

Cog

COG, or COG'GLE, noun A boat; a fishing boat. It is probably the Welsh cwc, Irish coca. [See Cock.]

Cogency

CO'GENCY, noun [Latin cogens, from cogo; con; and ago, to drive.]

Force; strength; power of compelling; literally, urgency, or driving. It is used chiefly of moral subjects, and in relation to force or pressure on the mind; as the cogency of motives or arguments.

Locke.

Cogenial

COGE'NIAL, for congenial. [Not used.]

Warton.

Cogent

CO'GENT, adjective [See Cogency.]

1. Forcible, in a physical sense; as the cogent force of nature.

Prior.

2. Urgent; pressing on the mind; forcible; powerful; not easily resisted; as a cogent reason, or argument.

The harmony of the universe furnishes cogent proofs of a deity.

Anon.

Cogently

CO'GENTLY, adverb With urgent force; with powerful impulse; forcibly.

Locke.

Cogged

COG'GED, participle passive Flattered; deceived; cheated; thrust in deceitfully; falsified; furnished with cogs.

Cogger

COG'GER, noun A flatterer, or deceiver.

Coggery

COG'GERY, noun Trick; falsehood.

Watson.

Cogging

COG'GING, participle of the present tense Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; inserting deceitfully; fixing cogs.

Cogging

COG'GING, noun Cheat; deception; fallacy;

Beaum.

Cogitable

COG'ITABLE, adjective [See Cogitate.] That may be thought on; that may be meditated on.

Johnson.

Cogitate

COG'ITATE, verb intransitive [Latin cogito. Varro says from cogo, quasi coagito, to agitate in the mind. But the Gothic hugyan, and Saxon hogian, signify to think.]

To think; to meditate. [Little used.]

Cogitation

COGITA'TION, noun The act of thinking; thought; mediation; contemplation.

Hooker. Bentley. Milton.

2. Thought directed to an object; purpose.

Bacon.

Cogitative

COG'ITA'TIVE, adjective Thinking; having the power of thinking, or meditating; as a cogitative substance.

Bentley.

2. Given to thought, or contemplation.

Wotton.

Cognate

COG'NATE, adjective [Latin cognatus; con and nascor, to be born.]

1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth.

2. Related in origin; proceeding from the same stock; of the same family; as a cognate dialect.

3. Allied in the manner of formation or utterance; uttered by the same organs; as a cognate letter or sound.

Cognate

COG'NATE, noun In Scots law, any male relation through the mother.

Encyc.

Cognation

COGNA'TION, noun [Latin cognatio. See Cognate.]

1. In the civil law, kindred or natural relation between males and females, both descended from the same father; as agnation is the relation between males only descended from the same stock.

Encyc.

2. Kindred; relation by descent from the same original.

Pride and hardheartedness are of near cognation to ingratitude.

Wotton.

3. Relation; participation of the same nature.

Brown.

Cognition

COGNI'TION, noun [Latin cognitio; cognosco, cognitus; con and nosco, to know.]

Knowledge or certain knowledge, as from personal view or experience.

Shak. Brown.

Cognitive

COG'NITIVE, adjective Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as cognitive power. [Little used.]

South.

Cognizable

COGN'IZABLE, a. con'izable. [French connoissable, from connoÃƒ-®tre, to know; Italian cognoscere; Spanish conocer, conocible; Portugese conhecer; from Latin cognosco, con and nosco, to know personally; Greek, id.]

1. That falls or may fall under judicial notice; that may be heard, tried, and determined; as, a cause or action is cognizable before the circuit court.

These wrongs are cognizable by the ecclesiastical courts.

Blackstone.

2. That falls or may fall under notice or observation; that may be known, perceived or apprehended.

The cause of many phenomena is not cognizable by the senses.

Anon.

Cognizance

COGN'IZANCE, n. con'izance. [French connoissance; Italian cognoscenza; Spanish conocencia; Portugese conhecenÃƒ-§a.]

1. Judicial notice or knowledge; the hearing, trying and determining of a cause or action in court.

The court of king's bench takes cognizance of civil and criminal causes.

Blackstone.

In the United States, the district courts have cognizance of maritime causes.

2. Jurisdiction, or right to try and determine causes.

The court of king's bench has original jurisdiction and cognizance of all actions of trespass vi et armis.

Blackstone.

3. In law, an acknowledgment or confession; as in fines, the acknowledgment of the cognizor or deforciant, that the right to the land in question is in the plaintiff or cognizee, by gift or otherwise; in replevin, the acknowledgment of the defendant, that he took the goods, but alledging that he did it legally as the bailiff of another person who had a right to distrain.

Blackstone.

4. A badge on the sleeve of a waterman or servant, by which he is known to belong to this or that nobleman or gentleman.

Encyc.

5. Knowledge or notice; perception; observation; as the cognizance of the senses.

6. Knowledge by recollection.

Spenser.

Cognizee

COGNIZEE', n. conizee'. In law, one to whom a fine is acknowledged, or the plaintiff in an action for the assurance of land by fine.

Blackstone.

Cognizor

COGNIZOR', n. conizor'. One who acknowledges the right of the plaintiff or cognizee, in a fine; otherwise called the defendant or deforciant.

Blackstone.

Cognominal

COGNOM'INAL, adjective [Latin cognomen, a surname; con and nomen, name.]

1. Pertaining to a surname.

2. Having the same name. [Little used.]

Brown.

Cognomination

COGNOMINA'TION, noun [Latin cognomen.] A surname; the name of a family; a name given from any accident or quality; as Alexander the Great.

Brown.

Cognoscence

COGNOS'CENCE, noun [See Cognition.]

Knowledge; the act or state of knowing. [Little used.]

Cognoscible

COGNOS'CIBLE, adjective That may be known. [Little used.]

Hale.

Cognoscitive

COGNOS'CITIVE, adjective Having the power of knowing.

Cudworth.

Coguar

COGUAR, noun A carnivorous quadruped of America.

Co-Guardian

CO-GUARD'IAN, noun A joint guardian.

Kent.

Cohabit

COHAB'IT, verb intransitive [Latin con and habito, to dwell.]

1. To dwell with; to inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place, or country.

Stiles. South.

2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife; usually or often applied to persons not legally married.

Cohabitant

COHAB'ITANT, noun One who dwells with another or in the same place.

Decay of piety.

Cohabitation

COHABITA'TION, noun The act or state of dwelling together or in the same place with another.

Stiles, Elect. Serum.

2. The state of living together as man and wife, without being legally married.

Bacon.

Coheir

COHEIR, n. coa'ir. [Latin cohoeres; con and hoeres, an heir. See Heir.]

A joint heir; one who succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be divided among two or more.

Coheiress

COHEIRESS, n. coa'iress. A female who inherits a share of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more heirs or heiresses; a joint heiress.

Cohere

COHE'RE, verb intransitive [Latin cohoereo; con and hoereo, to stick or cleave together.]

1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass, or as two substances that attract each other. Thus, particles of clay cohere; polished surfaces of bodies cohere.

2. To be well connected; to follow regularly in the natural order; to be suited in connection; as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning.

3. To suit; to be fitted; to agree.

Shak.

Coherence

COHE'RENCE, or COHE'RENCY, noun A sticking, cleaving or hanging together; union of parts of the same body, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of attraction; applied to all substances, solid or fluid.

Locke. Bentley.

2. Connection; suitable connection or dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of parts or things to each other, as in the parts of a discourse, or of any system; consistency.

Hooker. Locke.

Coherent

COHE'RENT, adjective Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies, solid or fluid.

Arbuthnot.

2. Connected; united, by some relation in form or order; followed by to, but rather by with.

Locke.

3. Suitable or suited; regularly adapted.

Shak.

4. Consistent; having a due agreement of parts; as a coherent discourse. Or observing due agreement; as a coherent thinker or reasoner.

Coherently

COHE'RENTLY, adverb In a coherent manner; with due connection or agreement of parts.

Cohesion

COHE'SION, n. s as z. [Italian coesione; from Latin cohoesi, pret. of cohoereo.]

1. The act of sticking together; the state of being united by natural attraction, as the constituent particles of bodies which unite in a mass, by a natural tendency; one of the different species of attraction.

Newton. Arbuthnot.

2. Connection; dependence; as the cohesion of ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence.

Locke.

Cohesive

COHE'SIVE, adjective That has the power of sticking or cohering; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation.

Nicholson.

Cohesively

COHE'SIVELY, adverb With cohesion.

Cohesiveness

COHE'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being cohesive; the quality of adhering together, as particles of matter.

Cohobate

CO'HOBATE, verb transitive [Portugese cohorar.]

Among chimists, to repeat the distillation of the same liquor or that from the same body, pouring the liquor back upon the matter remaining in the vessel.

Bailey. Encyc.

Cohobated

CO'HOBATED, participle passive Repeatedly distilled.

Cohobating

CO'HOBATING, ppr, Distilling repeatedly.

Cohobation

COHOBA'TION, noun [Spanish cohobaction.] The operation of repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the same substance.

Encyc.

Cohoes

COHOES, or COHO'ZE, noun A fall of water, or falls; a word of Indian origin in America.

Cohort

CO'HORT, noun [Latin cohors; French cohorte; Italian coorte; Spanish cohorte; Portugese id.]

1. Among the Romans, a body of about five or six hundred men; each cohort consisted of three maniples, and each maniple, of two centuries; and ten cohorts constituted a legion.

Adam, Rom. Ant.

2. In poetry, a band or body of warriors.

Milton.

Cohorta Tion

COHORTA TION, noun Exhortation; encouragement. [Not used.]

Dict.

Coif

COIF, noun [French coiffe; Armoric coeff; Italian cuffia, a cap; Spanish cofia, a net of silk or thread worn on the head; Portugese coifa, a caul.]

A kind of caul, or cap, worn on the head, by sergeants at law, and others. Its chief use was to cover the clerical tonsure.

Encyc.

Coif

COIF, verb transitive To cover or dress with a coif.

Coifed

COIF'ED, adjective Wearing a coif.

Coiffure

COIF'FURE, noun [French] A head-dress.

Addison.

Coigne

COIGNE, for coin. [See Coin, a corner.]

Shak.

Coigne

COIGNE or COIN'Y, verb intransitive To live by extortion. [An Irish word.]

Bryskett.

Coil

COIL, verb transitive [French cueillir; perhaps Greek, or. See the roots, and, Class Gl. No. 5. 48.]

To gather, as a line or cord into a circular form; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a rope.

Coil

COIL, noun A rope gathered into a ring; on shipboard, a single turn or winding is called a fake, and a range of fakes is called a tier.

2. A noise, tumult, bustle. [Not used.]

Bailey. Johnson.

Coiled

COIL'ED, participle passive Gathered into a circular form, as a rope or a serpent.

Coiling

COIL'ING, participle of the present tense Gathering or winding into a ring or circle.

Coin

COIN, noun [French coin, a corner, a wedge; Armoric coign; Spanish esquina, a corner, and cuÃƒ-±a, a wedge; Portugese quina; Latin cuneus; Greek; Jr. cuinne; Welsh gaing, or cyn, a wedge. The pronunciation of this word, by our common people, is quine, or quoin, when applied to a wedging stone, in masonry. See the next word.]

1. A corner; a jutting point, as of a wall.

Shak.

Rustic coins, stones jutting from a wall for new buildings to be joined to.

Bailey.

2. A wedge for raising or lowering a piece of ordnance.

Bailey.

3. A wedge or piece of wood to lay between casks on shipboard.

Bailey.

Coin

COIN, noun [Spanish cuÃƒ-±a; Portugese cunho, a die to stamp money; Spanish acuÃƒ-±ar, to coin or impress money, to wedge; Portugese cunhar; Italian conio, a die; coniare, to coin; French coin; Arabic to hammer, forge or stamp. The sense is, to strike, beat, or drive, coinciding with the French coigner, or cogner. Hence we see that coin, whether it signifies a corner, a wedge or a die, is from the same root, from thrusting, driving.]

Primarily, the die employed for stamping money. Hence,

1. Money stamped; a piece of metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted into money, by impressing on it marks, figures or characters. To make good money, these impressions must be made under the authority of government. That which is stamped without authority is called false or counterfeit coin. Formerly, all coin was made by hammering; but it is now impressed by a machine or mill.

Current coin is coin legally stamped and circulating in trade.

Ancient coins are chiefly those of the Jews, Greeks and Romans, which are kept in cabinets as curiosities.

2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, after the manner of a flight of a stair case, serving at bottom to support columns in a level, and at top to correct the inclination of an entablature supporting a vault.

Encyc.

3. That which serves for payment.

The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin.

Hammond.

Coin

COIN, verb transitive To stamp a metal, and convert it into money; to mint.

2. To make; as, to coin words.

Shak.

3. To make; to forge; to fabricate; in an ill sense; as, to coin a lie; to coin a fable.

Hudibras. Dryden.

Coinage

COIN'AGE, or COIN'ING, noun The act, art or practice of stamping money.

Arbuthnot.

2. Coin; money coined: stamped and legitimated metal for a circulating medium.

3. Coins of a particular stamp; as the coinage of George III.

4. The charges or expense of coining money.

5. A making; new production; formation; as the coinage of words.

6. Invention; forgery; fabrication.

This is the very coinage of your brain.

Shak.

Coincide

COINCI'DE, verb intransitive [Latin con and incido, to fall on; in and cado, to fall. See Cadence, Case. Low Latin coincido; Spanish coincidir; French coincider.]

1. To fall or to meet in the same point, as two lines, or bodies; followed by with.

If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it would have rendered the annual revolution of the earth useless.

Cheyne.

2. To concur; to be consistent with; to agree.

The rules of right judgment and of good ratiocination often coincide with each other.

Watts.

The judges did not coincide in opinion.

Coincidence

COIN'CIDENCE, noun The falling or meeting of two or more lines, surfaces, or bodies in the same point.

Bentley.

2. Concurrence; consistency; agreement; as the coincidence of two or more opinions; coincidence of evidences.

Hale.

3. A meeting of events in time; concurrence; a happening at the same time; as coincidence of events.

Coincident

COIN'CIDENT, adjective Falling on the same point; meeting as lines, surfaces or bodies; followed by with.

Newton.

2. Concurrent; consistent; agreeable to; followed by with.

Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly coincident with the ruling principles of a virtuous man.

South.

Coincider

COINCI'DER, noun He or that which coincides or concurs.

Coinciding

COINCI'DING, participle of the present tense Meeting in the same point; agreeing; concurring.

Coindication

COINDICA'TION, noun [Latin con and indicatio, from indico, to show.]

In medicine, a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to show the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy; a concurrent sign or symptom.

Coined

COIN'ED, participle passive Struck or stamped, as money; made; invented; forged.

Coiner

COIN'ER, noun One who stamps coin; a minter; a maker of money.

Addison.

2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin; a maker of base money.

3. An inventor or maker, as of words.

Camden.

Coining

COIN'ING, participle of the present tense Stamping money; making; inventing; forging; fabricating.

Coinquinate

COIN'QUINATE, verb transitive [Latin coinquino.] To pollute. [Not used.]

Coinquination

COINQUINA'TION, noun Defilement. [Not used.]

Coistril

COIS'TRIL, noun [Said to be from kestrel, a degenerate hawk.] A coward; a runaway.

Shak. Johnson.

2. A young lad.

Bailey.

Coit

COIT, noun A quoit, which see.

Coiting

COIT'ING. [See Quoit.]

Coition

COI'TION, noun [Latin coitio, from coeo, to come together; con and eo, to go.] A coming together; chiefly the venereal intercourse of the sexes; copulation.

Grew.

Cojoin

COJOIN', verb transitive [Latin conjungo. See Conjoin.]

To join with another in the same office. [Little used.]

Shak.

Cojuror

COJU'ROR, noun One who swears to another's credibility.

Wotton.

Coke

COKE, noun Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen, sulphur or other extraneous or volatile matter by fire, and thus prepared for exciting intense heat.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Colander

COL'ANDER, noun [Latin colo, to strain; French couler, to flow, to trickle down; coulant, flowing; couloir, a colander.]

A vessel with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquors. In America, this name is given, I believe, exclusively to g a vessel of tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name is given to vessels, like sieves, made with hair, osiers or twigs.

May. Ray. Dryden.

Colation

COLA'TION, noun The act of straining, or purifying liquor, by passing it through a perforated vessel. [Little used.]

Colature

COL'ATURE, noun The act of straining; the matter strained. [Little used.]

Colbertine

COL'BERTINE, noun A kind of lace worn by women.

Johnson.

Colcothar

COL'COTHAR, noun The brown red oxyd of iron which remains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of iron; used for polishing glass and other substances. It is called by artists crocus, or crocus martis.

Encyc. Ure.

The sulphate of iron is called colcothar or chalcite, when the calcination has been carried so far as to drive off a considerable part of the acid.

Fourcroy.

[See Chalcite.]

Cold

COLD, adjective [Saxon cald; German kalt; Dutch koud, contracted; Gothic calds; Basque, galda; Swedish kall; Danish kold, and the noun, kulde. The latter seems to be connected with kul, a coal, and kuler, to blow strong. But the connection may be casual. In Swedish, kyla signifies to cool, and to burn; thus connecting cool, cold, with the Latin caleo, to be hot. Both cold and heat may be from rushing, raging, and this word may be from the same root as gale. If not, cool would seem to be allied to Latin gelo.]

1. Not warm or hot; gelid; frigid; a relative term. A substance is cold to the touch, when it is less warm than the body, and when in contact, the heat of the body passes from the body to the substance; as cold air; a cold stone; cold water. It denotes a greater degree of the quality than cool. [See the Noun.]

2. Having the sensation of cold; chill; shivering, or inclined to shiver; as, I am cold.

3. Having cold qualities; as a cold plant.

Bacon.

4. Frigid; wanting passion, zeal or ardor; indifferent; unconcerned; not animated, or easily excited into action; as a cold spectator; a cold christian; a cold lover, or friend; a cold temper.

Hooker. Addison.

Thou art neither cold nor hot. Revelation 3.

5. Not moving; unaffecting; not animated; not able to excite feeling; spiritless; as a cold discourse; a cold jest.

Addison.

6. Reserved; coy; not affectionate, cordial or friendly; indicating indifference; as a cold look; a cold return of civilities; a cold reception.

Clarendon.

7. Not heated by sensual desire.

Shak.

8. Not hasty; not violent.

Johnson.

9. Not affecting the scent strongly.

Shak.

10. Not having the scent strongly affected.

Shak.

Cold

COLD, noun [Saxon cele, cyl, cyle; Dutch koelte, koude; German kÃƒ-¤lte. See Cool.]

1. The sensation produced in animal bodies by the escape of heat, and the consequent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of that sensation. Heat expands the vessels, and cold contracts them; and the transition from an expanded to a contracted state is accompanied with a sensation to which, as well as to the cause of it, we give the denomination of cold. Hence cold is a privation of heat, or the cause of it.

Encyc. Bacon.

2. A shivering; the effect of the contraction of the fine vessels of the body; chilliness, or chillness.

Dryden.

3. A disease; indisposition occasioned by cold; catarrh.

Cold-Blooded

COLD-BLOODED, adjective Having cold blood.

2. Without sensibility, or feeling.

Cold-Finch

COLD-FINCH, noun A species of Motacilla, a bird frequenting the west of England, with the head and back of a brownish gray, the belly white, and the quill feathers and tail black.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cold-Hearted

COLD-HEARTED, adjective Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent.

Cold-Heartedness

COLD-HEARTEDNESS, noun Want of feeling or sensibility.

Coldly

COLDLY, adverb In a cold manner; without warmth; without concern; without ardor or animation; without apparent passion, emotion or feeling; with indifference or negligence; as, to answer one coldly; a proposition is coldly received.

Coldness

COLDNESS, noun Want of heat; as the coldness of water or air. When the heat or temperature of any substance is less than that of the animal body exposed to it, that state or temperature is called coldness.

2. Unconcern; indifference; a frigid state of temper; want of ardor, zeal, emotion, animation, or spirit; negligence; as, to receive an answer with coldness; to listen with coldness.

3. Want of apparent affection, or kindness; as, to receive a friend with coldness.

4. Coyness; reserve; indifference; as, to receive addresses with coldness.

5. Want of sensual desire; frigidity; chastity.

Pope.

Cold-Short

COLD-SHORT, adjective Brittle when cold, as a metal.

Cole

COLE, noun [Saxon caul, cawl, or cawel; Latin caulis; Greek; Dutch kool; German kohl; Swedish; Danish kaal; Welsh cawl; Irish colis, coilis; Italian cavolo; Spanish col; Portugese couve; Armoric caulin, colen; French chou.]

The general name of all sorts of cabbage or brassica; but we generally use it in its compounds, cole-wort, cauliflower, &c.

Cole-Mouse

CO'LE-MOUSE, noun [See Coal-mouse.]

Coleopter

COL'EOPTER, or COLEOP'TERA, noun [Greek, a sheath, and, a wing.]

The colcopters, in Linne's system of entomology, are an order of insects, having crustaceous elytra or shells, which shut and form a longitudinal suture along the back, as the beetle.

Coleopteral

COLEOP'TERAL, adjective Having wings covered with a case or sheath, which shuts as above.

Cole-Perch

CO'LE-PERCH, noun A small fish, less than the common perch.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cole-Seed

CO'LE-SEED, noun The seed of the navew, napus sativa, or long-rooted, narrow-leafed rapa; reckoned a species of brassica or cabbage.

Encyc.

2. Cabbage seed.

Mortimer.

Cole-Wort

CO'LE-WORT, n. [cole and wort, Saxon wyrt, an herb.] A particular species of cole, brassica, or cabbage.

Colic

COL'IC, noun [Latin colicus; Greek, from, the colon.]

In general, a severe pain in the bowels, of which there are several varieties; as bilious colic, hysteric colic, nervous colic and many others.

Coxe. Quincy.

Colic

COL'IC, or COL'ICAL, adjective Affecting the bowels.

Milton.

Colin

COL'IN, noun A bird of the partridge kind, found in America and the West Indies, called also a quail.

Coll

COLL, verb transitive To embrace. [Not in use. See Collar.]

Spenser.

Collapse

COLLAPSE, v. i. collaps'. [Latin collabor, collapsus; con and labor, to slide or fall.]

To fall together, as the two sides of a vessel; to close by falling together; as, the fine canals or vessels of the body collapse in old age.

Arbuthnot.

Collapsed

COLLAPS'ED, participle passive Fallen together; closed.

Collapsion

COLLAP'SION, noun A state of falling together; a state of vessels closed.

Collar

COL'LAR, noun [Latin collare; French collier, collet; Armoric colyer; Italian collare; Spanish collar; from Latin collum, the neck.]

1. Something worn round the neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. The knights of several orders wear a chain of gold, enameled, and sometimes set with ciphers or other devices, to which the badge of the order is appended.

Encyc.

2. The part of a garment which surrounds the neck. Job 30:18.

3. A part of a harness for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in draught.

4. Among seamen, the upper part of a stay; also, a rope in form of a wreath to which a stay is confined.

Mar. Dict.

To slip the collar, is to escape or get free; to disentangle one's self from difficulty, labor, or engagement.

Johnson.

A collar of brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel. [Not used in America.]

Johnson.

Collar

COL'LAR, verb transitive To seize by the collar.

2. To put a collar on.

To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and bind it close with a string. [English.]

Collarage

COL'LARAGE, noun A tax or fine laid for the collars of wine-drawing horses. [Eng.]

Bailey. Encyc.

Collar-Bone

COLLAR-BONE, noun The clavicle.

Collared

COL'LARED, participle passive Seized by the collar.

2. Having a collar on the neck.

Collate

COLLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin collatum, collatus; con and latum, latus; considered to be the supine and participle of fero, confero, but a word of distinct origin.]

Literally, to bring or lay together. Hence,

1. To lay together and compare, by examining the points in which two or more things of a similar kind agree or disagree; applied particularly to manuscripts and books; as, to collate copies of the Hebrew Scriptures.

2. To confer or bestow a benefice on a clergyman, by a bishop who has it in his own gift or patronage; or more strictly, to present and institute a clergyman in a benefice, when the same person is both the ordinary and the patron; followed by to.

If the patron neglects to present, the bishop may collate his clerk to the church.

Blackstone.

3. To bestow or confer; but now seldom used, except as in the second definition.

Taylor.

Collate

COLLA'TE, verb intransitive To place in a benefice, as by a bishop.

If the bishop neglects to cÃƒ-³llate within six months, the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.

Encyc.

Collated

COLLA'TED, participle passive Laid together and compared; examined by comparing; presented and instituted, as a clergyman, to a benefice.

Collateral

COLLAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin collateralis; con and lateralis, from latus, a side.]

1. Being by the side, side by side, on the side, or side to side.

In his bright radiance and collateral light Must I be comforted, not in his sphere.

Shak.

Collateral pressure is pressure on the side. So we say, collateral circumstances, circumstances which accompany a principal event.

2. In genealogy, descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one from the other; as distinguished from lineal. Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct line; collateral relations spring from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are collateral relations, having different fathers, but a common grandfather.

Blackstone.

3. Collateral security, is security for the performance of covenants or the payment of money, besides the principal security.

4. Running parallel.

Johnson.

5. Diffused on either side; springing from relations; as, collateral love.

Milton.

6. Not direct, or immediate.

If by direct or collateral hand.

Shak.

7. Concurrent; as, collateral strength.

Atterbury.

Collateral

COLLAT'ERAL, noun A collateral relation or kinsman.

Collaterally

COLLAT'ERALLY, adverb Side by side; or by the side.

2. Indirectly.

Dryden.

3. In collateral relation; not in a direct line; not lineally.

Collateralness

COLLAT'ERALNESS, noun The state of being collateral.

Collating

COLLA'TING, participle of the present tense Comparing; presenting and instituting.

Collation

COLLA'TION, noun The act of bringing or laying together, and comparing; a comparison of one copy or thing of a like kind with another.

Pope.

2. The act of conferring or bestowing; a gift.

Ray.

3. In the canon law, the presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift or patronage. Collation includes both presentation and institution. When the patron of a church is not a bishop, he presents his clerk for admission, and the bishop institutes him; but if a bishop is the patron, his presentation and institution are one act and are called collation.

Blackstone.

4. In common law, the presentation of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by examination, to ascertain its conformity; also, the report of the act made by the proper officers.

Encyc.

5. In Scots law, the right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equally with others who are of the same degree of kindred.

6. A repast between full meals; as a cold collation.

Collation of seals, denotes one seal set on the same label, on the reverse of another.

Encyc.

Collative

COLLA'TIVE, adjective Advowsons are presentative, collative or donative. An advowson collative is where the bishop and patron are one and the same person; in which case the bishop cannot present to himself, but he does, by one act of collation or conferring the benefice, the whole that is done, in common cases, by both presentation and institution.

Blackstone.

Collator

COLLA'TOR, noun One who collates or compares manuscripts or copies of books.

Addison.

2. One who collates to a benefice, as when the ordinary and patron are the same person.

Ayliffe.

Collaud

COLLAUD', verb transitive [Latin collaudo.] To unite in praising. [Little used.]

Howell.

Colleague

COL'LEAGUE, n. col'leeg. [Latin collega; French collegue; Italian collega; Spanish colega; Latin con and lego, to choose, or lego to send, or ligo to bind. This word is differently accented by different speakers and lexicographers. I have followed the latest authorities.]

A partner or associate in the same office, employment or commission, civil or ecclesiastical.

Milton. Swift.

It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.

Colleague

COLLE'AGUE, verb transitive or i. collee'g. To unite with in the same office.

Colleagued

COLLE'AGUED, participle passive United as an associate in the same office.

Colleagueship

COL'LEAGUESHIP, noun Partnership in office.

Milton.

Collect

COLLECT', verb transitive [Latin colligo, collectum; con and lego, to gather; Greek.]

1. To gather, as separate persons or things, into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; as, to collect men into an army; to collect ideas; to collect particulars into one sum.

2. To gain by observation or information.

From all that can be collected, the public peace will not soon be interrupted.

3. To gather from premises; to infer as a consequence.

Which consequence, I conceive, is very ill collected.

Locke.

4. To gather money or revenue from debtors; to demand and receive; as, to collect taxes; to collect the customs; to collect accounts, or debts.

5. To gather, as crops; to reap, mow or pick, and secure in proper repositories; as, to collect hay, corn or fruits.

6. To draw together; to bring into united action; as, to collect all the strength, or all the powers of the mind.

7. To obtain from contribution.

To collect one's self, is to recover from surprise, or a disconcerted state; to gain command over the thoughts, when dispersed; over the passions, when tumultuous; or the mind, when dismayed.

Shak. Milton.

Collect

COLLECT', verb intransitive To run together; to accumulate; as, pus collects in an abscess; sand or snow collects in banks.

Collect

COL'LECT, noun A short comprehensive prayer; a prayer adapted to a particular day or occasion.

Taylor.

2. A collection or gathering of money. [Little used.]

Encyc.

Collectaneous

COLLECTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin collectaneus.] Gathered; collected.

Collected

COLLECT'ED, participle passive Gathered; assembled; congregated; drawn together.

2. adjective Recovered from surprise or dismay; not disconcerted; cool; firm; prepared.

Collectedly

COLLECT'EDLY, adverb In one view; together; in one body.

Collectedness

COLLECT'EDNESS, noun A collected state of the mind; recovery from surprise.

Collectible

COLLECT'IBLE, adjective That may be collected or gathered; that may be inferred.

2. That may be gathered or recovered; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible.

Collecting

COLLECT'ING, participle of the present tense Gathering; drawing together; assembling.

Collection

COLLEC'TION, noun The act of gathering, or assembling.

2. The body formed by gathering; an assemblage, or assembly; a crowd; as a collection of men.

3. A contribution; a sum collected for a charitable purpose.

Now concerning the collection for the saints.

1 Corinthians 16.

4. A gathering, as of matter in an abscess.

5. The act of deducing consequences; reasoning; inference. [Little used.]

Johnson. Hooker.

6. A corollary; a consectary; a deduction from premises; consequence.

Johnson. Hooker.

7. A book compiled from other books, by the putting together of parts; a compilation; as a collection of essays or sermons.

Collective

COLLECT'IVE, adjective [Latin collectivus; French collectif; Italian collettivo.]

1. Formed by gathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated, or aggregated.

Watts. Swift.

2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring.

Brown.

3. In grammar, expressing a number or multitude united; as a collective noun or name, which, though in the singular number itself, denotes more than one; as, company, army, troop, assembly.

Collectively

COLLECT'IVELY, adverb In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly; in a state of combination; as the citizens of a state collectively considered.

Collectiveness

COLLECT'IVENESS, noun A state of union; mass.

Collector

COLLECT'OR, noun One who colleets or gathers things which are scattered or separate.

2. A compiler; one who gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered pieces, in one book.

Addison.

3. In botany, one who gathers plants, without studying botany as a science.

Encyc.

4. An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes or toll.

Temple.

5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, who is appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent.

Todd.

Collectorship

COLLECT'ORSHIP, noun The office of a collector of customs or taxes.

2. The jurisdiction of a collector.

Asiat. Researches.

Collegatary

COLLEG'ATARY, noun [Latin con and lego, to send.]

In the civil law, a person who has a legacy left to him in common with one or more other persons.

Chambers. Johnson.

College

COL'LEGE, noun [Latin collegium; con and lego, to gather.]

In its primary sense, a collection, or assembly. Hence,

1. In a general sense, a collection, assemblage or society of men, invested with certain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or engaged in some common employment, or pursuit.

2. In a particular sense, an assembly for a political or ecclesiastical purpose; as the college of Electors or their deputies at the diet in Ratisbon. So also, the college of princes, or their deputies; the college of cities, or deputies of the Imperial cities; the college of Cardinals, or sacred college. In Russia, the denomination, college, is given to councils of state, courts or assembilies of men intrusted with the administration of the government, and called Imperial colleges. Of these some are supreme and others subordinate; as the Supreme Imperial College; the college of foreign affairs; the college of war; the admiralty college; the college of justice; the college of commerce; the medical college.

Tooke ii. 335. 356.

In Great Britain and the United States of America, a society of physicians is called a college. So also there are colleges of surgeons; and in Britain, a college of philosophy, a college of heralds, a college of justice, &c. Colleges of these kinds are usually incorporated or established by the supreme power of the state.

3. An edifice appropriated to the use of students, who are acquiring the languages and sciences.

4. The society of persons engaged in the pursuits of literature, including the officers and students. Societies of this kind are incorporated and endowed with revenues.

5. In foreign universities, a public lecture.

College-Like

COL'LEGE-LIKE, noun Regulated after the manner of a college.

Collegial

COLLE'GIAL, adjective Relating to a college; belonging to a college; having the properties of a college.

Collegian

COLLE'GIAN, noun A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; an inhabitant of a college.

Johnson.

Collegiate

COLLE'GIATE, adjective Pertaining to a college; as collegiate studies.

2. Containing a college; instituted after the manner of a college; as a collegiate society.

Johnson.

3. A collegiate church is one that has no bishop's see; but has the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and prebends. Of these some are of royal, others of ecclesiastical foundation; and each is regulated, in matters of divine service, as a cathedral. Some of these were anciently abbeys which have been secularized.

Encyc.

Collegiate

COLLE'GIATE, noun The member of a college.

Burton.

Collet

COL'LET, noun [French collet, a collar, or neck, from Latin collum.]

1. Among jewelers, the horizontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants; or the part of a ring in which the stone is set.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. In glass-making, that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instrument used in taking the substance from the meltingpot.

Encyc.

3. Anciently, a band or collar.

4. A term used by turners.

Johnson.

Colletic

COLLET'IC, adjective Having the property of gluing; agglutinant.

Encyc.

Colletic

COLLET'IC, noun [Greek.] An agglutinant.

Encyc.

Collide

COLLI'DE, verb intransitive [Latin collido; con and loedo, to strike.]

To strike or dash against each other.

Brown.

Collier

COL'LIER, n. col'yer. [from coal.] A digger of coal; one who works in a coal-mine.

Johnson.

2. A coal-merchant or dealer in coal.

Bacon.

3. A coasting vessel employed in the coal trade, or in transporting coal from the ports where it is received from the mines, to the ports where it is purchased for consumption.

Colliery

COL'LIERY, n. col'yery. The place where coal is dug. [See Coalery.]

2. The coal trade. Qu.

Colliflower

COLLIFLOWER. [See Cauliflower.]

Colligate

COL'LIGATE, verb transitive [Latin colligo; con and ligo, to bind.] To tie or bind together.

The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows.

Nich. Dict.

Colligated

COL'LIGATED, participle passive Tied or bound together.

Colligating

COL'LIGATING, participle of the present tense Binding together.

Colligation

COLLIGA'TION, noun A binding together.

Brown.

Collimation

COLLIMA'TION, noun [Latin collimo; con and limes, a limit. Ainsworth suggests that it may be an error, and that collineo, con and linea, is the real reading; but collimo is in perfect analogy with other words of like signification. To aim is to direct to the limit or end.]

The act of aiming at a mark; aim; the act of leveling, or of directing the sight to a fixed object.

Asiat. Research.

Collineation

COLLINEA'TION, noun [Latin collineo; con and linea, a line.]

The act of aiming, or directing in a line to a fixed object.

Johnson.

Colling

COL'LING, noun [Latin collum, the neck.] An embrace; dalliance. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Colliquable

COLLIQ'UABLE, adjective [See Colliquate.] That may be liquefied, or melted; liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid.

Colliquament

COLLIQ'UAMENT, noun The substance formed by melting; that which is melted.

Bailey. Johnson.

2. Technically, the fetal part of an egg; the transparent fluid in an egg, containing the first rudiments of the chick.

Coxe. Encyc.

3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation.

Coxe.

Colliquant

COL'LIQUANT, adjective That has the power of dissolving or melting.

Colliquate

COL'LIQUATE, verb intransitive [Latin colliqueo; con and liqueo, to melt. See Liquid.]

To melt; to dissolve; to change from solid to fluid; to become liquid.

Brown.

Colliquate

COL'LIQUATE, verb transitive To melt or dissolve.

Colliquated

COL'LIQUATED, participle passive Melted; dissolved; turned from a solid to a fluid substance.

Boyle. Harvey.

Colliquating

COL'LIQUATING, participle of the present tense Melting; dissolving.

Colliquation

COLLIQUA'TION, noun The act of melting.

Boyle.

2. A dissolving, flowing or wasting; applied to the blood, when it does not readily coagulate, and to the solid parts, when they waste away by excessive secretion, occasioning fluxes and profuse, clammy sweats.

Coxe. Encyc. Quincy.

Colliquative

COLLIQ'UATIVE, adjective Melting; dissolving; appropriately indicating a morbid discharge of the animal fluids; as a colliquative, fever, which is accompanied with diarrhoea, or profuse sweats; a colliquative sweat is a profuse clammy sweat.

Colliquefaction

COLLIQUEFAC'TION, noun [Latin colliquefacio.] A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.

Bacon.

Collision

COLLI'SION, n. s as z. [Latin collisio, from collido, collisi; con and loedo; to strike or hurt.]

1. The act of striking together; a striking together of two hard bodies.

Milton.

2. The state of being struck together; a clashing. Hence,

3. Opposition; interference; as a collision of interests or of parties.

4. A running against each other, as ships at sea.

Marshal on Insurance. Walsh.

Collocate

COL'LOCATE, verb transitive [Latin colloco; con and loco, to set or place.] To set or place; to set; to station.

Collocate

COL'LOCATE, adjective Set; placed.

Bacon.

Collocated

COL'LOCATED, participle passive Placed.

Collocating

COL'LOCATING, participle of the present tense Setting; placing.

Collocation

COLLOCA'TION, noun [Latin collocatio.] A setting; the act of placing; disposition in place.

2. The state of being placed, or placed with something else.

Bacon.

Collocution

COLLOCU'TION, noun [Latin collocutio; con and locutio, from loquor, to speak.]

A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse.

Bailey. Johnson.

Collocutor

COLLOCU'TOR, noun One of the speakers in a dialogue.

Collogue

COLLO'GUE, verb transitive To wheedle. [Not in use.]

Collop

COL'LOP, noun A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.

Dryden.

2. In burlesque, a child.

Shak.

In Job 15:27. it seems to have the sense of a thick piece or fleshy lump. "He maketh collops of fat on his flanks." This is the sense of the word in N. England.

Colloquial

COLLO'QUIAL, adjective [See Colloquy.] Pertaining to common conversation, or to mutual discourse; as colloquial language; a colloquial phrase.

Colloquist

COL'LOQUIST, noun A speaker in a dialogue.

Malone.

Colloquy

COL'LOQUY, noun [Latin colloquium; con and loquor, to speak.]

Conversation; mutual discourse of two or more; conference; dialogue.

Milton. Taylor.

Collow

COLLOW. [See Colly.]

Colluctancy

COLLUC'TANCY, noun [Latin colluctor; con and luctor, to struggle.]

A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature.

Colluctation

COLLUCTA'TION, noun A struggling to resist; contest; resistance; opposition; contrariety.

Woodward.

Collude

COLLU'DE, verb intransitive [Latin colludo; con and ludo, to play, to banter, to mock.]

To play into the band of each other; to conspire in a fraud; to act in concert.

Johnson.

Colluder

COLLU'DER, noun One who conspires in a fraud.

Colluding

COLLU'DING, participle of the present tense Conspiring with another in a fraud.

Colluding

COLLU'DING, noun A trick; collusion.

Collusion

COLLU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin collusio. See Collude.]

1. In law, a deceitful agreement or compact between two or more persons, for the one party to bring an action against the other, for some evil purpose, as to defraud a third person of his right.

Cowel.

A secret understanding between two parties, who plead or proceed fraudulently against each other, to the prejudice of a third person.

Encyc.

2. In general, a secret agreement for a fraudulent purpose.

Collusive

COLLU'SIVE, adjective Fraudulently concerted between two or more; as a collusive agreement.

Collusively

COLLU'SIVELY, adverb By collusion; by secret agreement to defraud.

Collusiveness

COLLU'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being collusive.

Collusory

COLLU'SORY, adjective Carrying on a fraud by a secret concert; containing collusion.

Colly

COL'LY, or COL'LOW, noun [Supposed to be from coal.] The black grime or soot of coal or burnt wood.

Woodward. Burton.

Colly

COL'LY, verb transitive To make foul; to grime with the smut of coal.

Shak.

Collyrite

COL'LYRITE, noun [Greek, infra.] A variety of clay, of a white color, with shades of gray, red, or yellow.

Cleaveland.

Collyrium

COLLYR'IUM, noun [Latin; Greek. Qu. from, to check, and, defluxion.]

Eye-salve; eye-wash; a topical remedy for disorders of the eyes.

Coxe. Encyc.

Colmar

COL'MAR, noun [French] A sort of pear.

Colocynth

COL'OCYNTH, noun [Greek.] The coloquintida, or bitter apple of the shops, a kind of gourd, from Aleppo and from Crete. It contains a bitter pulp, which is a drastic purge.

Encyc.

Cologne-Earth

COLOGNE-EARTH, noun A kind of light bastard ocher, of a deep brown color, not a pure native fossil, but containing more vegetable than mineral matter; supposed to be the remains of wood long buried in the earth.

Hill.

It is an earthy variety of lignite or brown coal.

Cleaveland.

Colombo

COLOM'BO, noun A root from Colombo in Ceylon. Its smell is aromatic, and its taste pungent and bitter. It is much esteemed as a tonic in dyspeptic and bilious diseases.

Hooper.

Colon

CO'LON, noun [Greek, the colon, a member or limb.]

1. In anatomy, the largest of the intestines, or rather the largest division of the intestinal canal; beginning at the caecum, and ascending by the right kidney, it passes under the hollow part of the liver, and the bottom of the stomach, to the spleen; thence descending by the left kidney, it passes, in the form of an S, to the upper part of the os sacrum, where, from its straight course, the canal takes the name of rectum.

Encyc. Quincy.

2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus [:], used to mark a pause, greater than that of a semicolon, but less than that of a period; or rather it is used when the sense of the division of a period is complete, so as to admit a full point; but something is added by way of illustration, or the description is continued by an additional remark, without a necessary dependence on the foregoing members of the sentence. Thus,

A brute arrives at a point of perfection he can never pass: in a few years he has all the endowments he is capable of. Spect. No. iii.

The colon is often used before an address, quotation or example. "Mr. Gray was followed by Mr. Erskine, who spoke thus: `I rise to second the motion of my honorable friend.'" But the propriety of this depends on the pause, and this depends on the form of introducing the quotation; for after say, said, or a like word, the colon is not used, and seems to be improper. Thus in our version of the scriptures, such members are almost invariably followed by a comma. "But Jesus said to them, `Ye know not what ye ask.'"

The use of the colon is not uniform; nor is it easily defined and reduced to rules. Indeed the use of it might be dispensed with without much inconvenience.

Colonel

COL'ONEL, n. cur'nel. [French colonel; Italian colonnello; Armoric coronal; Spanish coronel; Portugese coronel; from Italian colonna, French colonne, a column, Italian colonnello, the column of a book.]

The chief commander of a regiment of troops, whether infantry or cavalry. He ranks next below a brigadier-general. In England, colonel-lieutenant is the commander of a regiment of guards, of which the king, prince or other person of eminence is colonel. Lieutenant-colonel is the second officer in a regiment, and commands it in the absence of the colonel.

Colonelcy

COLONELCY, n. cur'nelcy. or COLONELSHIP, n. cur'nelship. The office, rank or commission of a colonel.

Swift. Washington.

Colonial

COLO'NIAL, adjective [See Colony.] Pertaining to a colony; as colonial government; colonial rights. [Colonical is not in use.]

Colonist

COL'ONIST, noun [See Colony.] An inhabitant of a colony.

Blackstone. Marshall, Life of Washington.

Colonization

COLONIZA'TION, noun The act of colonizing, or state of being colonized.

Colonize

COL'ONIZE, verb transitive [See Colony.] To plant or establish a colony in; to plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or state in a remote country, for the purpose of cultivation, commerce or defense, and for permanent residence.

Bacon.

The Greeks colonized the South of Italy and of France.

2. To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants. English Puritans colonized New England.

Colonized

COL'ONIZED, participle passive Settled or planted with a colony.

Colonizing

COL'ONIZING, participle of the present tense Planting with a colony.

Colonizing

COL'ONIZING, noun The act of establishing a colony.

This state paper has been adopted as the basis of all her later colonizings.

Tooke, i. 622.

Colonnade

COLONNA'DE, noun [Italian colonnata, from colonna, a column; Spanish colunata; French colonnade. See Column.]

1. In architecture, a peristyle of a circular figure, or a series of columns, disposed in a circle, and insulated within side.

Builder's Dict. Addison.

2. Any series or range of columns.

Pope.

A polystyle colonnade is a range of columns too great to be taken in by the eye at a single view; as that of the palace of St. Peter at Rome, consisting of 284 columns of the Doric order.

Encyc.

Colony

COL'ONY, noun [Latin colonia, from colo, to cultivate.]

1. A company or body of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; as the British colonies in America or the Indies; the Spanish colonies in South America. When such settlements cease to be subject to the parent state, they are no longer denominated colonies.

The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better materials.

Ames.

2. The country planted or colonized; a plantation; also, the body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including the descendants of the first planters. The people, though born in the territory, retain the name of colonists, till they cease to be subjects of the parent state.

3. A collection of animals; as colonies of shell-fish.

Encyc.

Colophon

COL'OPHON, noun [from a city of Ionia.] The conclusion of a book, formerly containing the place or year, or both, of its publication.

Warton.

Colophonite

COL'OPHONITE, noun [Supra, from the city or its resin color.]

A variety of garnet, of a reddish yellow or brown color, occurring in small amorphous granular masses.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Colophony

COL'OPHONY, noun In pharmacy, black resin or turpentine boiled in water and dried; or the residuum, after distillation of the etherial oil of turpentine, being further urged by a more intense and long continued fire. It is so named from Colophon in Ionia, whence the best was formerly brought.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Coloquintida

COLOQUINT'IDA, noun [Greek; Latin colocynthis.]

The colocynth or bitter apple, the fruit of a plant of the genus Cucumis, a native of Syria and of Crete. It is of the size of a large orange, containing a pulp which is violently purgative, but sometimes useful as a medicine.

Chambers.

Color

COL'OR, noun [Latin color; Italian colore; Spanish Portugese color; French couleur.]

1. In physics, a property inherent in light, which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refraction, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular appearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. White is not properly a color; as a white body reflects the rays of light without separating them. Black bodies, on the contrary, absorb all the rays, or nearly all, and therefore black is no distinct color. But in common discourse, white and black are denominated colors; and all the colors admit of many shades of difference.

2. Appearance of a body to the eye, or a quality of sensation, caused by the rays of light; hue; dye; as the color of gold, or of indigo.

3. A red color; the freshness or appearance of blood in the face.

My cheeks no longer did their color boast.

Dryden.

4. Appearance to the mind; as, prejudice puts a false color upon objects.

5. Superficial cover; palliation; that which serves to give an appearance of right; as, their sin admitted no color or excuse.

King Charles.

6. External appearance; false show; pretense; guise.

Under the color of commending him,

I have access my own love to prefer.

Shak.

[See Acts 27:30.]

7. Kind; species; character; complexion.

Boys and women are, for the most part, cattle of this color.

Shak.

8. That which is used for coloring; paint; as red lead, ocher, orpiment, cinnabar, or vermilion, &c.

9. Colors, with a plural termination, in the military art, a flag, ensign or standard, borne in an army or fleet. [See Flag.]

10. In law, color in pleading is when the defendant in assize or trespass, gives to the plaintiff a color or appearance of title, by stating his title specially; thus removing the cause from the jury to the court.

Blackstone.

Water-colors are such as are used in painting with gum-water or size, without being mixed with oil.

Encyc.

Color

COL'OR, verb transitive To change or alter the external appearance of a body or substance; to dye; to tinge; to paint; to stain; as, to color cloth. Generally, to color is to change from white to some other color.

2. To give a specious appearance; to set in a fair light; to palliate; to excuse.

He colors the falsehood of AEneas by an express command of Jupiter to forsake the queen.

Dryden.

3. To make plausible; to exaggerate in representation.

Addison.

To color a stranger's goods, is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the custom house in his name, to avoid the alien's duty.

Color

COL'OR, verb intransitive To blush.

Colorable

COL'ORABLE, adjective Specious; plausible; giving an appearance of right or justice; as a colorable pretense; a colorable excuse.

Spenser. Hooker.

Colorably

COL'ORABLY, adverb Speciously; plausibly; with a fair external appearance.

Bacon.

Colorate

COL'ORATE, adjective [Latin coloratus, from coloro, to color.]

Colored; dyed; or tinged with some color. [Little used.]

Ray.

Coloration

COLORA'TION, noun [Latin coloro.] The art or practice of coloring, or the state of being colored.

Bacon.

Colorature

COL'ORATURE, noun In music, all manner of variations, trills, &c., intended to make a song agreeable.

Encyc.

Colored

COL'ORED, participle passive Having the external appearance changed; dyed; tinged; painted or stained.

2. Streaked; striped; having a diversity of hues.

Bacon.

3. Having a specious appearance.

Colored people, black people, Africans or their descendants, mixed or unmixed.

Colorific

COLORIF'IC, adjective [color, and Latin facio.] That has the quality of tinging; able to give color, or tint to other bodies.

Kirwan.

Coloring

COLOR'ING, participle of the present tense Dying; staining; tinging.

2. Giving a fair external appearance; paliating; excusing.

Coloring

COL'ORING, noun The act or art of dyeing; the state of being colored; color.

2. A specious appearance; fair artificial representation; as, the story has a coloring of truth.

3. Among painters, the manner of applying colors; or the mixture of light and shade, formed by the various colors employed.

Colorist

COL'ORIST, noun [Supra.] One who colors; a painter who excels in giving the proper colors to his designs.

Dryden.

Colorless

COL'ORLESS, adjective [Supra.] Destitute of color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as colorless water, glass or gas.

Newton.

Colossal

COLOS'SAL, or COLOSSE'AN, adjective [See Colossus.] Like a colossus; very large; huge; gigantic.

Colossus

COLOS'SUS, noun [Latin and Greek] A statue of a gigantic size. The most remarkable colossus of antiquity was one at Rhodes, a statue of Apollo, so high that it is said ships might sail between its legs.

Colossus-Wise

COLOS'SUS-WISE, adverb In the manner of a colossus.

Shak.

Colstaff

COL'STAFF, noun A staff for carrying burdens by two on their shoulders. [Local.]

Colt

COLT, noun [Saxon colt.] The young of the equine genus of animals or horse kind. In America, colt is equally applied to the male or female, and this is unquestionably correct. The male is called a horse-colt, and the female is called a filly.

2. A young foolish fellow; a person without experience or stability.

Shak.

Colt

COLT, verb intransitive To frisk, riot or frolick, like a colt; to be licentious. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Colt

COLT, verb transitive To befool. [Not used.]

Shak.

Colts-Foot

COLT'S-FOOT, noun A genus of plants, the Tussilago. The name is also given to a species of Cacalia.

Fam. of Plants.

Colts-Tooth

COLT'S-TOOTH, noun An imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses.

Johnson.

2. A love of youthful pleasure.

Well said, Lord Sands;

Your colt's-tooth is not yet cast?

Shak.

[Little used.]

Colter

COLTER, noun [Latin culter, a colter or knife, that is, the cutter; French coutre; Italian coltro; Welsh cylltawr; Dutch kouter; German koltro.]

The fore iron of a plow, with a sharp edge, that cuts the earth or sod.

Coltish

COLTISH, adjective Like a colt; wanton; frisky; gay.

Chaucer.

Coluber

COL'UBER, noun [Latin a serpent or adder.] In zoology, a genus of serpents, distinguished by scuta or hard crusts on the belly, and scales on the tail. Under this genus are ranked many species, as the viper, black snake, &c.

Colubrine

COL'UBRINE, adjective [Latin colubrinus.] Relating to the coluber, or to serpents; cunning; crafty. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Columbary

COL'UMBARY, noun [Latin columbarium, from columba, a pigeon; Welsh colomen; Irish colm or colum; Armoric coulm; Russian golub, a pigeon or dove. In Russian golubei signifies, of a sky-blue, azure.]

A dove-cot; a pigeon-house.

Columbate

COLUM'BATE, noun A salt or compound of columbic acid, with a base.

Columbian

COLUM'BIAN, adjective Pertaining to the United States, or to America, discovered by Columbus.

Columbic

COLUM'BIC, adjective Pertaining to columbium; as columbic acid.

Columbiferous

COLUMBIF'EROUS, adjective Producing or containing columbium.

Phillips.

Columbine

COL'UMBINE, adjective Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove; of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove.

Columbine

COL'UMBINE, noun [Latin columbina.] Aquilegia, a genus of plants of several species. The Thalictrum or meadow-rue is also called feathered columbine.

Fam. of Plants.

Columbite

COLUM'BITE, noun [See Columbium.] The ore of columbium.

Columbium

COLUM'BIUM, noun [from Columbia, America.]

A metal first discovered in an ore or oxyd, found in Connecticut, at New-London, near the house of Gov. Winthrop, and by him transmitted to Sir Hans Sloane, by whom it was deposited in the British museum. The same metal was afterwards discovered in Sweden, and called tantalum, and its ore tantalite.

Cleaveland.

Columbo

COLUMBO. [See Colombo.]

Columel

COL'UMEL, noun In botany, the central column in a capsule, taking its rise from the receptacle, and having the seeds fixed to it all round.

Martyn.

Column

COL'UMN, n. col'um. [Latin columna, columen; Welsh colov, a stalk or stem, a prop; colovyn, a column; Irish colbh, a stalk, a column; Armoric coulouenn; French colonne; Italian colonna; Spanish columna; Portugese columna or coluna. This word is from the Celtic, signifying the stem of a tree, such stems being the first columns used. The primary sense is a shoot, or that which is set.]

1. In architecture, a long round body of wood or stone, used to support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft and a capital. The shaft tapers from the base, in imitation of the stem of a tree. There are five kinds or orders of columns. 1. The Tuscan, rude, simple and massy; the highth of which is fourteen semidiameters or modules, and the diminution at the top from one sixth to one eighth of the inferior diameter. 2. The Doric, which is next in strength to the Tuscan, has a robust, masculine aspect; its highth is sixteen modules. 3. The Ionic is more slender than the Tuscan and Doric; its highth is eighteen modules. 4. The Corinthian is more delicate in its form and proportions, and enriched with ornaments; its highth should be twenty modules. 5. The Composite is a species of the Corinthian, and of the same highth.

Encyc.

In strictness, the shaft of a column consists of one entire piece; but it is often composed of different pieces, so united, as to have the appearance of one entire piece. It differs in this respect from a pillar, which primarily signifies a pile, composed of small pieces. But the two things are unfortunately confounded; and a column consisting of a single piece of timber is absurdly called a pillar or pile.

2. An erect or elevated structure resembling a column in architecture; as the astronomical column at Paris, a kind of hollow tower with a spiral ascent to the top; gnomonic column, a cylinder on which the hour of the day is indicated by the shadow of a style; military column, among the Romans; triumphal column; &c.

3. Any body pressing perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as its base; as a column of water, air or mercury.

4. In the military art, a large body of troops drawn up in order; as a solid column.

5. Among printers, a division of a page; a perpendicular set of lines seperated from another set by a line or blank space. In manuscript books and papers, any separate perpendicular line or row of words or figures. A page may contain two or more columns; and in arithmetic, many columns of figures may be added.

Columnar

COLUM'NAR, adjective Formed in columns; having the form of columns; like the shaft of a column; as columnar spar.

Columnarish

COLUM'NARISH, adjective Somewhat resembling a column. [A bad word.]

Fam. of Plants. Vol. ii. 454.

Colure

COLU'RE, noun [Greek; mutilated, and, a tail; so named because a part is always beneath the horizon.]

In astronomy and geography, the colures are two great circles supposed to intersect each other at right angles, in the poles of the world, one of them passing through the solstitial and the other through the equinoctial points of the ecliptic, viz. Cancer and Capricorn, Aries and Libra, dividing the ecliptic into four equal parts. The points where these lines intersect the ecliptic are called cardinal points.

Encyc. Harris.

Com

COM, in composition as a prefix, Irish comh, or coimh, Welsh cym or cyv, Latin com or cum, denotes with, to or against.

Coma

CO'MA, noun [Greek, lethargy.] Lethargy; dozing; a preternatural propensity to sleep; a kind of stupor of diseased persons.

Coxe.

Coma

CO'MA, noun [Latin from Greek, a head of hair.] In botany, a species of bracte, terminating the stem of a plant, in a tuft or bush; as in crown-imperial.

Martyn.

2. In astronomy, hairiness; the hairy appearance that surrounds a comet, when the earth or the spectator is between the comet and the sun.

Comart

CO'MART, noun [con and mart.] A treaty; article; agreement. Obs.

Shak.

Comate

CO'MATE, adjective [Latin comatus, from coma; Irish ciamh, ciabh.] Hairy: encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair.

Shak.

Co-Mate

CO-MA'TE, noun [co and mate.] A fellow mate, or companion.

Shak.

Comatose

CO'MATOSE, or CO'MATOUS, adjective [See Coma.] Preternaturally disposed to sleep; drowsy; dozing, without natural sleep; lethargic.

Coxe. Grew.

Comb

COMB, noun [Saxon] A valley between hills or mountains. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Comb

COMB, n. b silent. [Saxon camb, a comb; cemban, to comb; German kamm; Dutch kam; Swedish kamm; Danish kam, a comb; Irish ciomaim, to comb or card. Qu. Latin como, to dress, trim or comb, which seems to be allied to the Greek. But the noun may be the radical word in our language, and from scratching, scraping; Ethiopic gamea, to shave or scrape.]

1. An instrument, with teeth, for separating, cleansing and adjusting hair, wool, or flax. Also, an instrument of horn or shell, for keeping the hair in its place when dressed.

2. The crest, caruncle or red fleshy tuft, growing on a cock's head; so called from its indentures which resemble the teeth of a comb.

3. The substance in which bees lodge their honey, in small hexagonal cells.

4. A dry measure of four bushels. [Not used in U. States.]

Comb

COMB, verb transitive To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and adjust with a comb, as to comb hair; or to separate, cleanse and lay smooth and straight, as to comb wool.

Comb

COMB, verb intransitive In the language of seamen, to roll over, as the top of a wave; or to break with a white foam. [Qu. Spanish combar, to bend, or from the English comb.]

Comb-Bird

COMB-BIRD, noun A gallinaceous fowl of Africa, of the size of a turkey-cock.

Comb-Brush

COMB-BRUSH, noun A brush to clean combs.

Comb-Maker

COMB-MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make combs.

Combat

COM'BAT, verb intransitive [French combattre, com and battre, to beat with or against; Italian combattere; Spanish combatir; Portugese combater; Armoric combadti or combatein. See Beat.]

1. To fight; to struggle or contend with an opposing force.

Pardon me; I will not combat in my shirt.

Shak.

This word is particularly used to denote private contest, or the fighting of two persons in a duel; but it is used in a general sense for the contention of bodies of men, nations, armies, or any species of animals.

After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated only for the choice of masters.

Gibbon.

2. To act in opposition.

Milton.

It is followed by with before the person, and for before the thing sought.

A combats with B for his right

Combat

COM'BAT, verb transitive To fight with; to oppose by force; as, to combat an antagonist.

2. To contend against; to oppose; to resist; as, to combat arguments or opinions.

Combat

COM'BAT, noun A fighting; a struggling to resist, overthrow or conquer; contest by force; engagement; battle; as the combat of armies.

2. A duel; a fighting between two men; formerly, a formal trial of a doubtful cause, or decision of a controversy between two persons, by swords or bastons.

Combatant

COM'BATANT, adjective Contending; disposed to contend.

B. Jonson.

Combatant

COM'BATANT, noun A person who combats; any person who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet.

2. A duellist; one who fights or contends in battle, for the decision of a private quarrel or difference; a champion.

3. A person who contends with another in argument, or controversy.

Combated

COM'BATED, participle passive Opposed; resisted.

Locke.

Combater

COM'BATER, noun One who fights or contends.

Sherwood.

Combating

COM'BATING, participle of the present tense Striving to resist; fighting; opposing by force or by argument.

Combed

COMBED, participle passive Separated, cleaned, or dressed with a comb.

Comber

COMBER, noun One who combs; one whose occupation is to comb wool, &c.

Comber

COM'BER, noun Incumbrance. [Not used.]

Comber

COM'BER, noun A long slender fish with a red back, found in Cornwall, England.

Combinable

COMBI'NABLE, adjective Capable of combining.

Chesterfield.

Combinate

COM'BINATE, adjective [See Combine.] Espoused; betrothed. [Not used.]

Shak.

Combination

COMBINA'TION, noun [French combinaison. See Combine.] In general, close union or connection. Hence,

1. Intimate union, or association of two or more persons or things, by set purpose or agreement, for effecting some object, by joint operation; in a good sense, when the object is laudable; in an ill sense, when it is illegal or iniquitous. It is sometimes equivalent to league, or to conspiracy. We say, a combination of men to overthrow government, or a combination to resist oppression.

2. An assemblage; union of particulars; as a combination of circumstances.

3. Commixture; union of bodies or qualities in a mass or compound; as, to make new compounds by new combinations.

Boyle.

4. Chimical union; union by affinity.

Mix dry acid of tartar with dry carbonate of potash; no combination will ensue, till water is added.

Henry.

5. In mathematics, the union of numbers or quantities in every possible manner; or the variation or alteration of any number of quantities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all the different manners possible. The number of possible changes or combinations is found by multiplying the terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 continually into each other. Thus 1X2=2: 2X3=6: 6X4=24: 24X5=120. &c. So the permutations of five quantities amount to 120. The changes that may be rung on twelve bells amount to 479,001,600. And the twenty four letters of the alphabet admit of 62,044,840,173,323,943,936,000 changes or combinations.

Encyc.

Combine

COMBI'NE, verb transitive [French combiner; Italian combinare; Spanish combinar; from the Low Latin combino, of com and binus, two and two, or double.]

1. To unite or join two or more things; to link closely together.

Friendship combines the hearts of men.

Anon.

2. To agree; to accord; to settle by compact. [Not usual.]

Shak.

3. To join words or ideas together; opposed to analyze.

Johnson.

4. To cause to unite; to bring into union or confederacy.

The violences of revolutionary France combined the powers of Europe in opposition.

Combine

COMBI'NE, verb intransitive To unite, agree or coalesce.

Honor and policy combine to justify the measure.

2. To unite in friendship or design; to league together.

You with your foes combine.

Dryden.

3. To unite by affinity, or natural attraction.

Two substances which will not combine of themselves, may be made to combine, by the intervention of a third.

4. To confederate; to unite as nations.

The powers of Europe combined against France.

Combined

COMBI'NED, participle passive United closely; associated; leagued; confederated; chimically united.

Combing

COMBING, participle of the present tense Separating and adjusting hair, wool, &c.

Combing

COMBING, noun Borrowed hair combed over a bald part of the head. [Local.]

Bp. Taylor.

Combining

COMBI'NING, participle of the present tense Uniting closely; joining in purpose; confederating; uniting by chimical affinity.

Combless

COMBLESS, adjective Without a comb or crest; as a combless cock.

Shak.

Combust

COMBUST, adjective [Latin combustus, comburo.] When a planet is in conjunction with the sun or apparently very near it, it is said to be combust or in combustion. The distance within which this epithet is applicable to a planet, is said by some writers to be 8 1/2 degrees; others say, within the distance of half the sun's disk.

Combustible

COMBUST'IBLE, adjective [French combustible; Spanish id.; from Latin comburo, combustum.]

That will take fire and burn; capable of catching fire; thus, wood and coal are combustible bodies.

Combustible

COMBUST'IBLE, noun A substance that will take fire and burn; a body which, in its rapid union with others, disengages heat and light.

Ure.

Combustibleness

COMBUST'IBLENESS, or COMBUSTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of taking fire and burning; the quality of a substance which admits the action of fire upon it; capacity of being burnt, or combined with oxygen.

Lavoisier.

The quality of throwing out heat and light, in the rapid combination of its substance with another body.

Ure.

Combustion

COMBUS'TION, n. combus'chun. [Low Latin combustio. See Combust.]

1. The operation of fire on inflammable substances; or according to modern chimistry, the union of an inflammable substance with oxygen, attended with light, and in most instances, with heat. In the combustion of a substance, heat or caloric is disengaged, and oxygen is absorbed.

Lavoisier.

This theory of Lavoisier being found somewhat defective, the following definition is given. Combustion is the disengagement of heat and light which accompanies ehimical combination.

Ure.

Combustion cannot be regarded as dependent on any peculiar principle or form of matter, but must be considered as a general result of intense chimical action.

Webster's Man. of Chim.

2. In popular language, a burning; the process or action of fire in consuming a body, attended with heat, or heat and flame; as the combustion of wood or coal.

3. Conflagration; a great fire. Hence, from the violent agitation of fire or flame,

4. Tumult; violent agitation with hurry and noise; confusion; uproar.

Hooker. Milton. Dryden.

Come

COME, verb intransitive pret. came, part. come. [Saxon cuman, or cwiman; Gothic cwiman, pret. cwom; Dutch koomen, pret. kwam; German kommen;

Swedish komma; Danish kommer, to come. Qu. Welsh cam, Irish ceim, a step. And qu. the Arabic Hebrew Chaldee to rise, or stand erect; to set or establish; to subsist, consist, remain; to rectify, or set in order; and in Arabic, to be thick, stiff or congealed. The senses of the words appear to be very different; but we use come in the sense of rising or springing, applied to corn; the corn comes or comes up, German keimen. So the butter comes, when it separates from the whey and becomes thick or stiff. And is not our common use of come, when we invite another to being some act, or to move, equivalent to rise, being originally directed to persons sitting or reclining, in the oriental manner? Coming, implies moving, driving, shooting along, and so we use set: we say, to set forward; the tide sets northerly.]

1. To move towards; to advance nearer, in any manner, and from any distance. We say, the men come this way, whether riding or on foot; the wind comes from the west; the ship comes with a fine breeze; light comes from the sun. It is applicable perhaps to every thing susceptible of motion, and is opposed to go.

2. To draw nigh; to approach; to arrive; to be present.

Come thou and all thy house into the ark. Genesis 7.

All my time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.

When shall I come and appear before God? Psalm 42.

Then shall the end come. Matthew 24.

Thy kingdom come; thy will be done. Matthew 6.

The time has come.

3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition; as, the ships came to action; the players came to blows; is it come to this?

His sons come to honor and he knoweth it not. Job 14.

I wonder how he came to know what had been done; how did he come by his knowledge? the heir comes into possession of his estate; the man will come in time to abhor the vices of his youth, or he will come to be poor and despicable, or to poverty.

In these and similar phrases, we observe the process or advance is applied to the body or to the mind, indifferently; and to persons or events.

4. To happen or fall out; as, how comes that? let come what will. Hence when followed by an object or person, with to or on, to befall; to light on.

After all that has come on us for our evil deeds. Ez. 9.

All things come alike to all. Ecclesiastes 9.

5. To advance or move into view; to appear; as, blood or color comes and goes in the face.

Spenser. Shak.

6. To sprout, as plants; to spring. The corn comes or comes up. "In the coming or sprouting of malt, as it must not come too little, so it must not come too much." Mortimer. So Bacon uses the word; and this use of it coincides nearly with the sense of, quom, 2 Kings 19:26. and in the same chapter inserted in Isaiah 37.

27. It is the German keimen, Icelandic keima, to bud, or germinate.

7. To become.

So came I a widow.

Shak.

8. To appear or be formed, as butter; to advance or change from cream to butter; a common use of the word; as, the butter comes.

Hudibras.

9. Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us go.

This is the heir; come, let us kill him.

When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste; come, come. Sometimes it expresses or introduces rebuke.

As the sense of come is to move, in almost any manner, in its various applications, that sense is modified indefinitely by other words used in connection with it. Thus with words expressing approach, it denotes advancing nearer; with words expressing departure, as from, of, out of, &c., it denotes motion from, &c.

To come about, to happen; to fall out; to come to pass; to arrive. How did these things come about? So the French venir Ãƒ-  bout, to come to the end, that is, to arrive.

To come about, to turn; to change; to come round. The wind will come about from west to east. The ship comes about. It is applied to a change of sentiments.

On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,

They are come about, and won to the true side.

B. Jonson.

To come again, to return. Genesis 28. Leviticus 14.

To come after, to follow. Matthew 16. Also, to come to obtain; as, to come after a book.

To come at, to reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; to come so near as to be able to take or possess. We prize those most who are hardest to come at. To come at a true knowledge of ourselves.

Addison.

Also, to come towards, as in attacking.

To come away, to depart from; to leave; to issue from.

To come back, to return.

To come by, to pass near; a popular phrase. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire; that is, to come near, at or close.

Examine how you came by all your state.

Dryden.

This is not an irregular or improper use of this word. It is precisely equivalent to possess, to sit by. [See Possess.] So in German bekommen, Dutch bekoomen, to get or obtain; the by or be prefixed.

To come down, to descend.

The Lord will come down on mount Sinai. Exodus 19.

Also, to be humbled or abased.

Your principalities shall come down. Jeremiah 13.

Come down from thy glory. Jeremiah 48.

To come for, to come to get or obtain; to come after.

To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Genesis 15. Isaiah 11. Micah 5.

Also, to depart from; to leave. Mark 9.

Also, to come abroad. Jeremiah 4.

To come from, to depart from; to leave. In popular language, this phrase is equivalent to, where is his native place or former place of residence; where did this man, this animal or this plant originate.

To come home, that is, to come to home, or the house; to arrive at the dwelling. Hence, to come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason. [See Home.]

To come in, to enter, as into an inclosure.

Also, to comply; to yield; as, come in and submit.

Also, to arrive at a port, or place of rendezvous; as, the fleet has come in.

Also, to become fashionable; to be brought into use.

Silken garments did not come in till late.

Arbuthnot.

Also, to enter as an ingredient or part of a composition.

A nice sense of propriety comes in to heighten the character.

Also, to grow and produce; to come to maturity and yield. If the corn comes in well, we shall have a supply, without importation. Crops come in light.

Also, to lie carnally with. Genesis 38.

To come in for, to arrive in time to take a share. Johnson says this phrase is taken from hunting, where the slow dogs take nothing. Qu. But the sense in which we now use the phrase has no reference to time or slow movement. It is, to unite with others in taking a part.

The rest came in for subsidies.

Swift.

To come into, to join with; to bring help.

Also, and more generally, to agree to; to comply with; to unite with others in adopting; as, to come into a measure or scheme.

To come near, to approach in place. Hence metaphorically, to approach in quality; to arrive at nearly the same degree in a quality, or accomplishment; to resemble.

Temple.

To come nigh, is popularly used in like senses.

To come no near, in seamanship, is an order to the helmsman not to steer so close to the wind.

To come of, to issue from; to proceed from, as a descendant.

Of Priam's royal race my mother came.

Dryden.

Also, to proceed from, as an effect from a cause.

This comes of judging by the eye.

L'Estrange.

Whence come warsÃ‚--come they not of your lusts? James 4.

To come off, to depart from; to remove from on.

Also, to depart or deviate from a line or point; to become wider; to dilate.

Bacon.

Also, to escape; to get free.

If they come off safe, call their deliverance a miracle.

Addison.

Hence, to end; to arrive at the final issue; as, to come off with honor or disgrace.

To come off from, to leave; to quit.

Felton.

To come on, to advance; to proceed; as, come on, brave boys; night is coming on. So we say, the young man comes on well in his studies, and the phrase often denotes a prosperous advance, successful improvement. So we say of plants, they come on well, they grow or thriveÃ‚--that is, they proceed.

Also, to fall on; to happen to.

Lest that come on you, which is spoken of in the prophets. Acts 13.

Also, to invade; to rush on.

To come over, to pass above or across, or from one side to another. In distillation, to rise and pass over, as vapor.

Also, to pass from one party, side or army to another; to change sides.

To come out, to depart or proceed from.

They shall come out with great substance. Genesis 15.

Also, to become public; to escape from concealment or privacy; to be discovered; as, the truth is come out at last.

Also, to be published, as a book. The work comes out in quarto.

Also, to end or come to an issue; as, how will this affair come out; he has come out well at last.

To come out of, to issue forth, as from confinement, or a close place; to proceed or depart from.

Also, to issue from, as descendants.

Kings shall come out of thee. Genesis 17.

To come out with, to give publicity to; to disclose.

Boyle.

To come short, to fail; not to accomplish.

All have sinned and come short of the glory of God. Romans 3.

To come to, to consent or yield.

Swift.

Also, to amount to; as, the taxes come to a large sum.

Also, to recover, as from a swoon.

To come together, to meet or assemble.

To come to pass, to be; to happen; to fall out; to be effected. The phrase is much used in the common version of the scriptures, but is seldom found in modern English writings.

To come up, to ascend; to rise.

Also, to spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant.

Bacon.

Also, to come into use, as a fashion.

To come up the capstern, in seamanship, is to turn it the contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it.

To come up the tackle fall, is to slacken it gently.

To come up to, to approach near.

Also, to amount to.

Also, to advance to; to rise to.

To come up with, to overtake, in following or pursuit.

To come upon, to fall on; to attack or invade.

To come, in futurity; to happen hereafter. In times to come. Success is yet to come.

Take a lease for years to come.

Locke.

Come is an intransitive verb, but the participle come is much used with the substantive verb, in the passive form. "The end of all flesh is come." I am come, thou art come, he is come, we are come, &c. This use of the substantive verb, for have, is perhaps too well established to be rejected; but have or has should be used in such phrases. In the phrase, "come Friday, come Candlemas," there is an ellipsis of certain words, as when Friday shall come.

Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces ? threat.

Come

COME, noun A sprout. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

Come-Off

COME-OFF, noun Means of escape; evasion; excuse.

We do not want this come-off.

Grellman, 172.

Comedian

COME'DIAN, noun [See Comedy.] An actor or player in comedy; or a player in general, male or female.

Camden.

2. A writer of comedy.

Peacham.

Comedy

COM'EDY, noun [Latin comoedia; Greek. Qu. from, a village, and, or rather, to sing, and denoting that the comedian was a strolling singer; or whether the first syllable is from, a merry feast, whence comic, comical, the latter indicating that the comedian was characterized by buffoonery. The latter coincides in elements with the English game.]

A dramatic composition intended to represent human characters, which are to be imitated in language, dress and manner, by actors on a stage, for the amusement of spectators. The object of comedy is said to be to recommend virtue and make vice ridiculous; but the real effect is amusement.

Comelily

COMELILY, adv. cum'lily. In a suitable or decent manner. [Little used.]

Sherwood.

Comeliness

COMELINESS, n. cum'liness. [See Comely.] That which is becoming, fit or suitable, in form or manner. Comeliness of person implies symmetry or due proportion of parts; comeliness of manner implies decorum and propriety. "It signifies something less forcible than beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than prettiness."

Johnson.

A careless comeliness with comely care.

Sidney.

He hath no form nor comeliness. Isaiah 53:2.

Comely

COMELY, a. cum'ly. [from come. The sense of suitableness is often from meeting, coming together, whence adjusting, putting in order. So in Latin, conveniens, from convenio.]

Properly, becoming; suitable: whence, handsome; graceful. Applied to person or form, it denotes symmetry or due proportion, but it expresses less than beautiful or elegant.

I have seen a son of JesseÃ‚--a comely person. I Samaritan xvi.

I will not conceal his comely proportion. Job 41.

2. Decent; suitable; proper; becoming; suited to time, place, circumstances or persons.

Praise is comely for the upright. Psalm 33.

Is it comely that a woman pray to God uncovered? 1 Corinthians 11.

O what a world is this, when what is comely Envenoms him that bears it.

Shak.

Comely

COMELY, adv. cum'ly. Handsomely; gracefully.

Ascham.

Comer

COMER, noun One that comes; one who approaches; one who has arrived and is present.

Comessation

COMESSA'TION, noun [Latin comessatio.] Feasting or reveling.

Hall.

Comestible

COMES'TIBLE, adjective [French] Eatable. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Comet

COM'ET, noun [Latin cometa; Greek; from, coma, hair; a hairy star.]

An opake, spherical, solid body, like a planet, but accompanied with a train of light, performing revolutions about the sun, in an elliptical orbit, having the sun in one of its foci. In its approach to its perihelion, it becomes visible, and after passing its perihelion, it departs into remote regions and disappears. In popular language, comets are tailed, bearded or hairy, but these terms are taken from the appearance of the light which attends them, which, in different positions with respect to the sun, exhibits the form of a tail or train, a beard, or a border of hair. When the comet is westward of the sun and rises or sets before it, the light appears in the morning like a train beginning at the body of the comet and extending westward and diverging in proportion to its extent. Thus the comet of 1769, [which I saw,] when it rose in the morning, presented a luminous train that extended nearly from the horizon to the meridian. When the comet and the sun are opposite, the earth being between them, the comet is, to the view, immersed in its train and the light appears around its body like a fringe or border of hair. From the train of a comet, this body has obtained the popular name of a blazing star.

Herschel observed several comets, which appeared to have no nucleus, but to be merely collections of vapor condensed about a center.

Cyc.

Comet

COM'ET, noun A game at cards.

Southerne.

Cometarium

COMETA'RIUM, or COM'ETARY, noun A machine exhibiting an idea of the revolution of a comet round the sun.

Encyc.

Cometary

COM'ETARY, adjective Pertaining to a comet.

Cheyne.

Cometic

COMET'IC, adjective Relating to a comet.

Comet-Like

COM'ET-LIKE, adjective Resembling a comet.

Shak.

Cometography

COMETOG'RAPHY, n. [comet and Greek, to describe.] A description or treatise of comets.

Comfit

COM'FIT, or COM'FITURE, noun [Dutch konfyt; German confect; Danish confect; French confit, confiture; Italian confetto, confettura, or confezione; Spanish confite; Portugese confeito; from the Latin confectura, confectus, conficio, con and facio, to make.]

A dry sweet-meat; any kind of fruit or root preserved with sugar and dried.

Johnson.

Comfit

COM'FIT, verb transitive To preserve dry with sugar.

Cowley.

Comfit-Maker

COM'FIT-MAKER, noun One who makes or prepares comfits.

Comfort

COM'FORT, verb transitive [Low Latin conforto; French conforter; Armoric conforti, or conforta; Italian confortare; Spanish and Portugese confortar; Irish comh-fhurtach, comfort, and furtachd, id.; furtaighim, to relieve or help; from the Latin con and fortis, strong.]

1. To strengthen; to invigorate; to cheer or enliven.

Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of men.

Bacon.

Comfort ye your hearts. Genesis 18.

2. To strengthen the mind when depressed or enfeebled; to console; to give new vigor to the spirits; to cheer, or relieve from depression, or trouble.

His friends came to mourn with him and to comfort him. Job 2.

3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage, as the accessory to a crime after the fact.

Blackstone.

Comfort

COM'FORT, noun Relief from pain; ease; rest or moderate pleasure after pain, cold or distress or uneasiness of body. The word signifies properly new strength, or animation; and relief from pain is often the effect of strength. In a popular sense, the word signifies rather negatively the absence of pain and the consequent quiet, than positive animation.

2. Relief from distress of mind; the ease and quiet which is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or affiction ceases. It implies also some degree of positive animation of the spirits; or some pleasureable sensations derived from hope, and agreeable prospects; consolation.

Let me alone, that I may take comfort a little. Job 10.

Daughter, be of good comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. Matthew 9.

3. Support; consolation under calamity, distress or danger.

Let thy merciful kindness be for my comfort. Psalm 119.

4. That which gives strength or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity.

Pious children are the comfort of their aged parents.

5. In law, support; assistance; countenance; encouragement; as, an accessory affords aid or comfort to a felon.

6. That which gives security from want and furnishes moderate enjoyment; as the comforts of life.

Comfortable

COM'FORTABLE, adjective Being in a state of ease, or moderate enjoyment; as a person after sickness or pain. This is the most common use of the word in the U. States.

2. Admitting comfort; that may afford comfort.

Who can promise him a comfortable appearance before his dreadful judge?

South.

3. Giving comfort; affording consolation.

The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable. 2 Samuel 14.

4. Placing above want and affording moderate enjoyment; as a comfortable provision for old age.

Comfortableness

COM'FORTABLENESS, noun The state of enjoying comfort.

Comfortably

COM'FORTABLY, adverb In a manner to give comfort or consolation.

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem. Isaiah 40.

2. With comfort, or cheerfulness; without despair.

Hope comfortably and cheerfully for God's performance.

Hammond.

Comforted

COM'FORTED, participle passive Strengthened; consoled; encouraged.

Comforter

COM'FORTER, noun One who administers comfort or consolation; one who strengthens and supports the mind in distress or danger.

I looked for comforters, but found none. Psalm 69.

Miserable comforters are ye all. Job 16.

2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whose office it is to comfort, and support the christian.

But the comforter, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my nameÃ‚--he shall teach you all things. John 14.

Comforting

COM'FORTING, participle of the present tense Giving strength or spirits; giving ease; cheering; encouraging; consoling.

Comfortless

COM'FORTLESS, adjective Without comfort; without any thing to alleviate misfortune, or distress.

I will not leave you comfortless. John 14.

Comfortress

COM'FORTRESS, noun A female that affords comfort.

Comfrey

COM'FREY, or COM'FRY, noun [Qu. Latin confirmo, equivalent to consolida.] A genus of plants, the Symphytum.

Comic

COM'IC, adjective [Latin comicus; Greek. See Comedy.]

1. Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.

Waller.

2. Raising mirth; fitted to excite merriment.

Shak.

Comical

COM'ICAL, adjective Relating to comedy; comic.

Gay.

2. Exciting mirth; diverting; sportive; droll.

Addison.

We say, a buffoon is a comical fellow, or his story or his manners are comica.

Comically

COM'ICALLY, adverb In a manner befitting comedy.

2. In a comical manner; in a manner to raise mirth.

Comicalness

COM'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being comical; the power or quality of raising mirth.

Johnson.

Coming

COM'ING, participle of the present tense [See Come.] Drawing nearer or nigh; approaching; moving towards; advancing.

2. adjective Future; yet to come; as, in coming ages.

3. Forward; ready to come.

How coming to the poet every muse.

Pope.

[The latter sense is now unusual.]

Coming

COM'ING, noun The act of coming; approach.

2. The state of being come; arrival.

The Lord hath blessed thee since my coming. Genesis 30.

Coming-in

COM'ING-IN, noun Entrance.

I know thy going-out and thy coming-in. 2 Kings 19.

2. Beginning; commencement; as the coming-in of the year. 2 Kings 13.

3. Income; revenue. [Not now used.]

Shak.

4. Compliance; Submission. [Not in use,]

Massinger.

Comitial

COMI'TIAL, adjective [Latin comitia, an assembly of the Romans; probably formed from cum and eo, Irish coimh, Welsh cym or cyv.]

1. Relating to the comitia or popular assemblies of the Romans, for electing officers and passing laws.

Middleton.

2. Relating to an order of presbyterian assemblies.

Bp. Bancroft.

Comity

COM'ITY, noun [Latin comitas, from comes, mild, affable; Irish caomh.]

Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy; civility; good breeding. Welbred people are characterized by comity of manners.

Comma

COM'MA, noun [Greek, a segment, from, to cut off.]

1. In writing and printing, this point [,] denoting the shortest pause in reading, and separating a sentence into divisions or members, according to the construction. Thus, "There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not." "Virtue, wit, knowledge, are excellent accomplishments." "Live soberly, righteously, and piously, in the present world."

2. In music, an enharmonic interval, being the eighth part of a tone, or the difference between a major and a minor semitone; a term used in theoretic music to show the exact proportions between concords.

Encyc. Harris.

3. Distinction.

Latin Addison.

Command

COMM'AND, verb transitive [Italian comandare; Spanish comandar, mandar; Armoric coumandi; French commander; con, or com, and Latin mando, to command, to commit to, Basque manatu; literally, to send to, to send forth, from the same root as commend, demand, and Latin moneo. See Class Mn.]

1. To bid; to order; to direct; to charge; implying authority, and power to control, and to require obedience.

We will sacrifice to the Lord our God, as he shall command us. Exodus 8.

I know that he [Abraham] will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord. Genesis 18.

2. To govern, lead or direct; to have or to exercise supreme authority over.

Lord Wellington commanded an army in Spain; he commanded the army at the battle of Waterloo.

3. To have in power; to be able to exercise power or authority over; as, a military post commands the surrounding country; a fort commands the harbor.

5. To overlook, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction.

One side commands a view of the finest garden in the world.

Addison.

5. To direct; to send.

The Lord shall command the blessing on thee. Deuteronomy 28.

The Lord will command his loving kindness. Psalm 42.

6. To have or to exercise a controlling influence over.

A good magistrate commands the respect and affections of the people.

Command

COMM'AND, verb intransitive To have or to exercise supreme authority; to possess the chief power; to govern; as, the general commands with dignity and humanity. What general commands in Canada?

Command

COMM'AND, noun The right or power of governing with chief or exclusive authority; supreme power; control; as, an officer has a brigade under his command; he takes command of the army in France; an appropriate military term.

2. The power of controlling; governing influence; sway.

He assumed an absolute command over his readers.

Dryden.

3. Cogent or absolute authority.

Command and force may often create, but can never cure, an aversion.

Locke.

4. The act of commanding; the mandate uttered; order given.

The captain gives command.

Dryden.

5. The power of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction.

The steepy strand,

Which overlooks the vale with wide command.

Dryden.

6. The power of governing or controlling by force, or of defending and protecting.

The fortress has complete command of the port.

7. That which is commanded; control; as a body of troops under command.

Marshall.

Commandable

COMM'ANDABLE, adjective That may be commanded.

Commandant

COMMANDANT', noun [French] A commander; a commanding officer of a place or of a body of forces.

Smollett.

Commandatory

COMM'ANDATORY, adjective Having the force of a command.

Commanded

COMM'ANDED, participle passive Ordered; directed; governed; controlled.

Commander

COMM'ANDER, noun A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of it. The term may also be applied to the admiral of a fleet, or of a squadron, or to any supreme officer; as the commander of the land or of the naval force; the commander of a ship.

2. One on whom is bestowed a benefice or commandry.

3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, &c. [This gives us the primary sense of Latin mando, to send, to drive.]

4. An instrument of surgery.

Wiseman.

Commandery

COMM'ANDERY, or COMM'ANDRY, noun [French commanderie.] A kind of benefice or fixed revenue, belonging to a military order, conferred on knights of merit. There are strict and regular commandries, obtained by merit, or in order; and others are of grace and favor, bestowed by the Grand Master. There are also commandries for the religious, in the orders of St. Bernard and St. Anthony.

Encyc.

Commanding

COMM'ANDING, participle of the present tense Bidding; ordering; directing with authority; governing; bearing rule; exercising supreme authority; having in power; overlooking without obstruction.

2. adjective Controlling by influence, authority, or dignity; as a man of commanding manners; a commanding eloquence.

Commandingly

COMM'ANDINGLY, adverb In a commanding manner.

Commandment

COMM'ANDMENT, noun A command; a mandate; an order or injunction given by authority; charge; precept.

Why do ye transgress the commandment of God. Matthew 15.

This is the first and great commandment. Matthew 22.

A new commandment I give to you, that ye love one another. John 13.

2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai; one of the ten commandments. Exodus 34.

3. Authority; coercive power.

Shak.

Commandress

COMM'ANDRESS, noun A woman invested with supreme authority.

Hooker.

Commark

COM'MARK, noun [French comarque; Spanish comarca.] The frontier of a country.

Shelton.

Commaterial

COMMATE'RIAL, adjective [con and material.] Consisting of the same matter with another thing.

Bacon.

Commateriality

COMMATERIAL'ITY, noun Participation of the same matter.

Johnson.

Commatism

COM'MATISM, noun [from comma.] Briefness; conciseness in writing.

Bp. Horsley.

Commeasurable

COMMEAS'URABLE, adjective [See Measure.] Reducible to the same measure. But commensurable is generally used.

Commeline

COM'MELINE, noun A genus of herbaceous plants, Commelina, natives of warm climates. This name was given to this genus by Linne, in honor of the Commelins, distinguished botanists of Holland. These plants have flowers with three petals, two large and one small; the large petals representing John and Gaspard Commelin, who published catalogues of plants; the smaller petal representing another of the name who published nothing.

Gloss. de Botanique, De Theis.

Commemorable

COMMEM'ORABLE, adjective Memorable; worthy to be remembered, or noticed with honor. [See Memorable.]

Commemorate

COMMEM'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin commemoro; con and memoro, to mention. See Memory.]

To call to remembrance by a solemn act; to celebrate with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some act of respect or affection, intended to preserve the remembrance of that person or event.

The Lord's supper is designed to commemorate the sufferings and dying love of our Savior.

Commemorated

COMMEM'ORATED, participle passive Called to remembrance by some act of solemnity.

Commemorating

COMMEM'ORATING, participle of the present tense Celebrating with honor by some solemn act.

Commemoration

COMMEMORA'TION, noun The act of calling to remembrance, by some solemnity; the act of honoring the memory of some person or event, by solemn celebration. The feast of shells at Plymouth in Massachusetts is an annual commemoration of the first landing of our ancestors in 1620.

Commemorative

COMMEM'ORATIVE, adjective Tending to preserve the remembrance of something.

Atterbury.

Commemoratory

COMMEM'ORATORY, adjective Serving to preserve the memory of.

Commence

COMMENCE, v. i. commens'. [French commencer; Portugese comeÃƒ-§ar; Spanish comenzar; Italian cominciare; Armoric coumanÃƒ-§z. Perhaps com and initio.]

1. To begin; to take rise or origin; to have first existence; as, a state of glory to commence after this life; this empire commenced at a late period.

2. To begin to be, as in a change of character.

Let not learning too commence its foe.

Pope.

3. To take a degree or the first degree in a university or college.

Bailey.

Commence

COMMENCE, verb transitive To begin; to enter upon; to perform the first act; as, to commence operations.

2. To begin; to originate; to bring; as, to commence a suit, action or process in law.

Commenced

COMMEN'CED, participle passive Begun; originated.

Commencement

COMMENCEMENT, n. commens'ment. Beginning; rise; origin; first existence; as the commencement of New Style in 1752; the commencement of hostilities in 1775.

2. The time when students in colleges commence bachelors; a day in which degrees are publicly conferred on students who have finished a collegiate education. In Cambridge, , the day when masters of arts and doctors complete their degrees.

Worthington.

Commencing

COMMEN'CING, participle of the present tense Beginning; entering on; originating.

Commend

COMMEND', verb transitive [Latin commendo; con and mando; Italian commendare; Portugese encommendar; French recommander; Spanish comandar, to command, and formerly to commend. This is the same word as command, differently applied. The primary sense is, to send to or throw; hence, to charge, bid, desire or intreat.]

1. To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness; to speak in favor of; to recommend.

I commend to you Phebe our sister. Rem. xvi.

2. To commit; to entrust or give in charge. Father, into thy hands I commend my ?. Luke 23.

3. To praise; to mention with approbation.

The princes commended Sarai before Pharaoh. The Lord commended the unjust steward.

Bible.

4. To make acceptable or more acceptable.

But meat commendeth us not to God. 1 Corinthians 8.

5. To produce or present to favorable notice.

The chorus had an occasion of commending their voices to the king.

Dryden.

6. To send or bear to.

These draw the chariot which Latinus sends,

And the rich present to the prince commends.

Dryden.

Commend

COMMEND', noun Commendation. [Not used.]

Shak.

Commendable

COMMEND'ABLE, adjective [French recommandable; Italian commendabite. Formerly accented improperly on the first syllable.]

That may be commended or praised; worthy of approbation or praise; laudable.

Order and decent ceremonies in the church are commendable.

Bacon.

Commendableness

COMMEND'ABLENESS, noun State of being commendable.

Commendably

COMMEND'ABLY, adverb Laudably; in a praise-worthy manner.

Commendam

COMMEND'AM, noun In ecclesiastical law, in England, a benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the church, to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pastor is provided. This may be temporary or perpetual.

Blackstone.

The trust or administration of the revenues of a benefice given to a layman, to hold as a deposit for six months in order to repairs, &c., or to an ecclesiastic, to perform the pastoral duties, till the benefice is provided with a regular incumbent.

Encyc.

Commendatary

COMMEND'ATARY, noun [French commendataire; Italian commendatario, commendatore.]

One who holds a living in commendam.

Commendation

COMMENDA'TION, noun [Latin commendatio.] The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; declaration of esteem.

Need we, as some others, letters of commendation. 2 Corinthians 31.

2. Ground of esteem, approbation or praise; that which presents a person or thing to another in a favorable light, and renders worthy of regard, or acceptance.

Good-nature is the most godlike commendation of a man.

Dryden.

3. Service; respects; message of love.

Shak.

Commendatory

COMMEND'ATORY, adjective Which serves to commend; presenting to favorable notice or reception; containing praise; as a commendatory letter.

Bacon. Pope.

2. Holding a benefice in commendam; as a commendatory bishop.

Commendatory

COMMEND'ATORY, noun A commendation; eulogy.

South.

Commended

COMMEND'ED, participle passive Praised; represented favorably; committed in charge.

Commender

COMMEND'ER, noun One who commends or praises.

Commending

COMMEND'ING, participle of the present tense Praising; representing favorably; committing, or delivering in charge.

Note. In imitation of the French, we are accustomed to use recommendation, &c., for commendation. But in most instances, it is better to use the word without the prefix re. A letter of commendation, is the preferable phrase.

Commensal

COMMENS'AL, noun [Latin con and mensa, table.] One that eats at the same table. Obs.

Chaucer.

Commensality

COMMENSAL'ITY, noun [Spanish conmensalia; Latin commensalis; con and mensa, a table.]

Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the same table. [Little used.]

Brown. Gillies.

Commensurability

COMMENSURABIL'ITY, or COMMEN'SURABLENESS, noun [French commensurabilitÃƒ-©.] The capacity of being compared with another in measure, or of being measured by another, or of having a common measure.

Brown. Hale.

Commensurable

COMMEN'SURABLE, adjective [French from con and Latin mensura, measure. See Measure.]

That have a common measure; reducible to a common measure. Thus a yard and a foot are commensurable, as both may be measured by inches. Commensurable numbers are those which may be measured or divided by another number without a remainder; as 12 and 18 which may be measured by 6 and 3.

Commensurable surds are those which, being reduced to their least terms, become true figurative quantities of their kind; and are therefore as a rational quantity to a rational one.

Encyc.

Commensurate

COMMEN'SURATE, adjective [Italian commensurare; Spanish conmensurar, whence conmensurativo; con and Latin mensura, measure.]

1. Reducible to one and the same common measure.

2. Equal; proportional; having equal measure or extent.

We find nothing in this life commensurate to our desires.

Commensurate

COMMEN'SURATE, verb transitive To reduce to a common measure.

Commensurately

COMMEN'SURATELY, adverb With the capacity of measuring or being measured by some other thing.

Holder.

2. With equal measure or extent.

Commensuration

COMMENSURA'TION, noun Proportion, or proportion in measure; a state of having a common measure.

All fitness lies in a particular commensuration, or proportion, of one thing to another.

South.

Comment

COM'MENT, verb intransitive [Latin commentor, to cast in the mind, to think, to devise, to compose; from con and mens, mind, or the same root. Italian comentare; French commenter; Spanish comentar; Portugese commentar. See Mind.]

1. To write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages; to explain; to expound; to annotate; followed by on. We say, to comment on an author or on his writings.

Dryden. Pope.

2. To make verbal remarks, or observations, either on a book, or writing, or on actions, events, or opinions.

Shak.

Comment

COM'MENT, verb transitive To explain.

Fuller.

2. To feign; to devise. Obs.

Spenser.

Comment

COM'MENT, noun A note, intended to illustrate a writing, or a difficult passage in an author; annotation; explanation; exposition; as the comments of Scott on the Scriptures.

2. That which explains or illustrates; as, a man's conduct is the best comment on his declarations. Poverty and disgrace are very significant comments on lewdness, gambling and dissipation.

3. Remark; observation.

In such a time as this, it is not meet

That every nice offense should bear its comment.

Shak.

Commentary

COM'MENTARY, noun A comment; exposition; explanation; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an author.

2. A book of comments or annotations.

3. A historical narrative; a memoir of particular transactions; as the commentaries of Cesar.

Commentary

COM'MENTARY, verb transitive To write notes upon. [Little used.]

Commentator

COM'MENTATOR, noun One who comments; one who writes annotations; an expositor; an annotator. [The accent on the first syllable and that on the third are nearly equal.]

Commenter

COM'MENTER, noun One that writes comments; an annotator.

2. One who makes remarks.

Commenting

COM'MENTING, participle of the present tense Making notes or comments on something said or written.

Commentitious

COMMENTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin commentitius.] Invented; feigned; imaginary.

Glanville.

Commerce

COM'MERCE, noun [French commerce; Latin commercium; con and mercor, to buy; merx, mereo. See Class Mr. No. 3. Italian commercio; Spanish comercio; Portugese commercio. Formerly accented on the second syllable.]

1. In a general sense, an interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, productions, or property of any kind, between nations or individuals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale; trade; traffick. Commerce is foreign or inland. Foreign commerce is the trade which one nation carries on with another; inland commerce, or inland trade, is the trade in the exchange of commodities between citizens of the same nation or state. Active commerce. [See Active.]

2. Intercourse between individuals; interchange of work, business, civilities or amusements; mutual dealings in common life.

3. Familiar intercourse between the sexes.

4. Interchange; reciprocal communications; as, there is a vast commerce of ideas.

Dutch Webster.

Commerce

COM'MERCE, verb intransitive To traffick; to carry on trade.

Raleigh.

2. To hold intercourse with.

And looks commercing with the skies.

Milton.

Commercial

COMMER'CIAL, adjective Pertaining to commerce or trade; as commercial concerns; commercial relations.

2. Carrying on commerce; as a commercial nation.

3. Proceeding from trade; as commercial benefits or profits.

Commercially

COMMER'CIALLY, adverb In a commercial view.

Burke.

Commigrate

COM'MIGRATE, verb intransitive [Latin commigro; con and migro, to migrate.]

To migrate together; to move in a body from one country or place to another for permanent residence. [Little used.]

Commigration

COMMIGRA'TION, noun The moving of a body of people from one country or place to another with a view to permanent residence.

Woodward.

Commination

COMMINA'TION, noun [Latin comminatio; con and minatio, a threatening, from minor, to threaten. See Menace.]

1. A threat or threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance.

2. The recital of God's threatenings on stated days; an office in the Liturgy of the Church of England, appointed to be read on Ash Wednesday or on the first day of Lent.

Encyc.

Comminatory

COMMIN'ATORY, adjective Threatening; denouncing punishment.

B. Jonson.

Commingle

COMMIN'GLE, verb transitive [con and mingle.] To mix together; to mingle in one mass, or intimately; to blend. [See Mingle.]

Shak.

Commingle

COMMIN'GLE, verb intransitive To mix or unite together, as different substances.

Bacon.

Comminuate

COMMIN'UATE, verb transitive To grind. [Not used.] [See Comminute.]

Comminuible

COMMIN'UIBLE, adjective Reducible to powder.

Brown.

Comminute

COM'MINUTE, verb transitive [Latin comminuo; con and minuo, to lessen, from the root of minor; Irish mion, min, fine, small, tender; Welsh main, man; Arabic manna, to diminish. Class Mn. No. 5.]

To make small or fine; to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder, by breaking, pounding, rasping, or grinding; to pulverize; to triturate; to levigate. It is chiefly or wholly applied to substances, not liquid.

Bacon.

Comminuted

COM'MINUTED, participle passive Reduced to fine particles; pulverized; triturated.

Comminuting

COM'MINUTING, participle of the present tense Reducing to fine particles; pulverizing; levigating.

Comminution

COMMINU'TION, noun The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles; pulverization.

Ray. Bentley.

2. Attenuation; as comminution of spirits.

Bacon.

Commiserable

COMMIS'ERABLE, adjective [See Commiserate.] Deserving of commiseration or pity; pitiable; that may excite sympathy or sorrow.

This commiserable person, Edward. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Commiserate

COMMIS'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin commiseror; con and misereor, to pity. See Miserable.]

1. To pity; to compassionate; to feel sorrow, pain or regret for another in distress; applied to persons.

We should commiserate those who groan beneath the weight of age, disease or want.

Denham.

2. To regret; to pity; to be sorry for; as, to commiserate our mutual ignorance.

Locke.

Commiserated

COMMIS'ERATED, participle passive Pitied.

Commiserating

COMMIS'ERATING, participle of the present tense Pitying; compassionating; feeling sorrow for.

Commiseration

COMMISERA'TION, noun Pity; compassion; a sympathetic suffering of pain or sorrow for the wants, afflictions or distresses of another.

I cannot think of these poor deluded creatures, but with commiseration.

Commiseratively

COMMIS'ERATIVELY, adverb From compassion.

Overbury.

Commiserator

COMMIS'ERATOR, noun One who pities.

Brown.

Commissarial

COMMISSA'RIAL, adjective [See Commissary.] Pertaining to a commissary.

Smollett uses commissorial; but this is not regular nor authorized.

Commissariate

COMMISSA'RIATE, noun [Spanish comisariato. See Commissary.]

The office or employment of a commissary; or the whole body of officers in the commissary's department.

Tooke, Russ. i. 575.

Commissary

COM'MISSARY, noun [French commissaire; Italian and Portugese commissario; Spanish comisario; Low Latin commissarius; from commissus, committo; con and mitto, to send.]

1. In a general sense, a commissioner; one to whom is committed some charge, duty or office, by a superior power; one who is sent or delegated to execute some office or duty, in the place, or as the representative, of his superior.

2. In ecclesiastical law, an officer of the bishop, who exercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese, so far distant from the episcopal see, that the chancellor cannot call the people to the bishop's principal consistory court, without putting them to inconvenience.

Ayliffe. Encyc.

3. In a military sense, an officer who has the charge of furnishing provisions, clothing, &c., for an army. Commissaries are distinguished by different names, according to their duties; as commissary-general, who is at the head of the department of supplies, and has under him deputy commissaries, and issuing commissaries; the latter to issue or distribute the supplies.

4. An officer who musters the army, receives and inspects the muster-rolls, and keeps an account of the strength of the army. He is called, the commissary-general of musters. The commissary of horses has the inspection of the artillery horses; and the commissary of stores has charge of all the stores of the artillery.

Encyc.

Commissaryship

COM'MISSARYSHIP, noun The office of a commissary.

Ayliffe.

Commission

COMMIS'SION, noun [French commission; Italian commisione; Spanish comision; Latin commissio, with a different application, from committo; con and mitto, to send.]

1. The act of committing, doing, performing, or perpetrating; as the commission of a crime.

2. The act of committing or sending to; the act of entrusting, as a charge or duty. Hence,

3. The thing committed, entrusted or delivered; letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given to a person as his warrant for exercising certain powers, or the performance of any duty, whether civil, ecclesiastical, or military. Hence,

4. Charge; order; mandate; authority given.

He bore his great commission in his look.

Dryden.

5. By a metonymy, a number of persons joined in an office or trust.

6. The state of that which is entrusted, as the great seal was put into commission; or the state of being authorized to act or perform service, as a ship is put into commission.

7. In commerce, the state of acting under authority in the purchase and sale of goods for another. To trade or do business on commission, is to buy or sell for another by his authority. Hence,

8. The allowance made to a factor or commission-merchant for transacting business, which is a certain rate per cent. of the value of the goods bought or sold.

Commission of bankruptcy, is a commission issuing from the Chancellor in Great Britain, and in other countries, from some proper authority, appointing and empowering certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alledged bankruptcy, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the creditors.

Commission of lunacy, is a commission issuing from the court of chancery, to authorize an inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or not.

Commission-officer, in the army or navy, is an officer who has a commission, in distinction from subaltern officers.

Commission-Merchant

COMMIS'SION-MERCHANT, noun A merchant who transacts business as the agent of other men, in buying and selling, and receives a rate per cent. as his commission or reward.

Commission

COMMIS'SION, verb transitive To give a commission to; to empower or authorize by commission. The president and senate appoint, but the president commissions.

United States.

2. To send with a mandate or authority.

Ã‚--A chosen band

He first commissions to the Latian land.

Dryden.

3. To authorize or empower.

Note. Commissionate, in a like sense, has been used, but rarely.

Commissional

COMMIS'SIONAL, or COMMIS'SIONARY, adjective Appointed by warrant. [Little used.]

Commissioned

COMMIS'SIONED, participle passive Furnished with a commission; empowered; authorized.

Commissioner

COMMIS'SIONER, noun A person who has a commission or warrant from proper authority, to perform some office, or execute some business, for the person or government which employs him, and gives him authority; as commissioners for settling the bounds of a state, or for adjusting claims.

Commissioning

COMMIS'SIONING, participle of the present tense Giving a commission to; furnishing with a warrant; empowering by letters patent or other writing; authorizing.

Commissure

COM'MISSURE, noun [Latin commissura, from committo, commissus; literally, a sending or thrusting together.]

1. A joint, seam or closure; the place where two bodies or parts of a body meet and unite; an interstice or cleft between particles or parts, as between plates or lamellae.

2. In architecture, the joint of two stones, or application of the surface of one to that of another.

Encyc.

3. In anatomy, a suture of the cranium or skull; articulation; the corners of the lips. Also, certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, uniting the two hemispheres.

Coxe.

Commit

COMMIT', verb transitive [Latin committo, to send to, or thrust together; con and mitto, to send; French mettre, to put, set or lay; commettre, to commit; Italian mettere, commettere; Spanish meter, cometer; Portugese meter, cometer.]

Literally, to send to or upon; to throw, put or lay upon. Hence,

1. To give in trust; to put into the hands or power of another; to entrust; with to.

Commit thy way to the Lord. Psalm 37.

The things thou hast heard of me, commit to faithful men. 2 Timothy 2.

2. To put into any place for preservation; to deposit; as, to commit a passage in a book to memory; to commit the body to the grave.

3. To put or send to, for confinement; as, to commit an offender to prison. Hence for the sake of brevity, commit is used for imprison. The sheriff has committed the offender.

These two were committed, at least restrained of their liberty.

Clarendon.

4. To do; to effect or perpetrate; as, to commit murder, treason, felony, or trespass.

Thou shalt not commit adultery. Exodus 20.

5. To join or put together, for a contest; to match; followed by with; a latinism.

How does Philopolis commit the opponent with the respondent. [Little used.]

More.

6. To place in a state of hostility or incongruity. "Committing short and long words." But this seems to be the same signification as the foregoing.

7. To expose or endanger by a preliminary step or decision which cannot be recalled; as, to commit the peace of a country by espousing the cause of a belligerent.

You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship without committing the honor of your sovereign.

Junius.

8. To engage; to pledge; or to pledge by implication.

The generalÃ‚--addressed letters to Gen. Gates and to Gen. Heath, cautioning them against any sudden assent to the proposal, which might possibly be considered as committing the faith of the United States.

Marshall.

And with the reciprocal pronoun, to commit one's self, is to do some act, or make some declaration, which may bind the person in honor, good faith, or consistency, to pursue a certain course of conduct, or to adhere to the tenor of that declaration.

9. To refer or entrust to a committee, or select number of persons, for their consideration and report; a term of legislation; as, the petition or the bill is committed. Is it the pleasure of the house to commit the bill?

Commitment

COMMIT'MENT, noun The act of committing; a sending to prison; a putting into prison; imprisonment. It is equivalent to sending or putting in simply; as a commitment to the tower, or to Newgate; or for the sake of brevity, omitting the name of the place, it is equivalent to putting into prison; as, the offender is secured by commitment.

2. An order for confining in prison. But more generally we use mittimus.

3. The act of referring or entrusting to a committee for consideration; a term in legislation; as the commitment of a petition or a bill to a select number of persons for consideration and report.

4. The act of delivering in charge or entrusting.

5. A doing, or perpetration, as of sin or a crime; commission.

Clarendon.

6. The act of pledging or engaging; or the act of exposing or endangering. [See the Verb, No. 7 and 8.]

Hamilton.

Committed

COMMIT'TED, participle passive Delivered in trust; given in charge; deposited; imprisoned; done; perpetrated; engaged; exposed; referred to a committee.

Committee

COMMIT'TEE, noun One or more persons, elected or appointed, to whom any matter or business is referred, either by a legislative body or either branch of it, or by a court, or by any corporation, or by any society, or collective body of men acting together. In legislative bodies, a house or branch of that body may resolve or form itself into a committee, called a committee of the whole house, when the speaker leaves the chair, and one of the members acts as chairman. Standing committees are such as continue during the existence of the legislature, and to these are committed all matters that fall within the purposes of their appointment; as the committee of elections, or of privileges, &c. Special committees are appointed to consider and report on particular subjects.

Committeeship

COMMIT'TEESHIP, noun The office and profit of committees.

Milton.

Committer

COMMIT'TER, noun One who commits; one who does or perpetrates.

South.

Committible

COMMIT'TIBLE, adjective That may be committed. [Little used.]

Brown.

Committing

COMMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Giving in trust; depositing; imprisoning; perpetrating; engaging; referring to a committee; exposing.

Commix

COMMIX', verb transitive [Latin commisceo, commixtus; con and misceo, to mix. See Mix.]

To mix or mingle; to blend; to mix, as different substances.

Bacon. Newton.

Commix

COMMIX', verb intransitive To mix; to mingle.

Shak.

Commixed

COMMIX'ED, participle passive Mixed; blended.

Commixing

COMMIX'ING, participle of the present tense Mixing; blending.

Commixtion

COMMIX'TION, noun Mixture; a blending of different ingredients in one mass or compound.

Brown.

Mixion is used by Shakspeare, but is hardly legitimate.

Commixture

COMMIX'TURE, noun The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of ingredients in one mass or compound.

Bacon.

2. The mass formed by mingling different things; composition; compound.

Bacon. Shak. Wotton.

3. In Scots law, a method of acquiring property, by blending different substances belonging to different proprietors.

Encyc.

Commode

COMMO'DE, noun [French from Latin commodus, convenient; con or com and modus, manner. See Mode.]

A kind of head dress formerly worn by ladies.

Addison.

Commodious

COMMO'DIOUS, adjective [French commode; Italian comodo; Spanish id.; Latin commodus. See Mode.]

Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities; as a commodious house or room.

The haven was not commodious to winter in. Acts 27:12.

It is followed by for before a noun; as a place commodious for a camp.

Commodiously

COMMO'DIOUSLY, adverb Conveniently; in a commodious manner; suitably; in a manner to afford ease, or to prevent uneasiness; as a house commodiously situated; we may pass life commodiously without the restraints of ceremony.

Commodiousness

COMMO'DIOUSNESS, noun Convenience fitness; suitableness for its purpose; as the commodiousness of a house or an apartment; the commodiousness of a situation for trade.

Commodity

COMMOD'ITY, noun [Latin commoditas; Italian comoditÃƒ- ; French commoditÃƒ-©; Spanish comodidad; Portugese commodidade. See Commode.]

1. Primarily, convenience; profit; advantage; interest. "Men seek their own commodity." In this sense it was used by Hooker, Sidney, &c; but this is nearly or wholly obsolete.

2. That which affords ease, convenience or advantage; any thing that is useful, but particularly in commerce, including every thing movable that is bought and sold, goods, wares, merchandize, produce of land and manufactures. Unless perhaps animals may be excepted, the word includes all the movables which are objects of commerce.

Commodities are movables, valuable by money, the common measure.

Locke.

The principal use of money is to save the commutation of more bulky commodities.

Arbuthnot.

Staple commodities are those which are the produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the principal articles of exportation. Thus flour is the staple commodity of New-York and Pennsylvania; flour and tobacco, of Maryland and Virginia; cotton and rice, of S. Carolina and Georgia; cotton and sugar, of Louisiana.

Commodore

COM'MODORE, noun [This word is probably a corruption of the Italian comandatore, a commander; or the Spanish comendador, a superior of a monastery, or a knight who holds a commandry.]

1. The officer who commands a squadron or detachment of ships, destined on a particular enterprise. In the British marine, he bears the rank of a brigadier-general in the army, and his ship is distinguished by a broad red pendant, tapering to the outer end, and sometimes forked.

Encyc.

2. A title given by courtesy to the senior captain, when three or more ships of war are cruising in company.

Mar. Dict.

3. The convoy or leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which carries a light in her top to conduct the other ships.

Commodulation

COMMODULA'TION, noun [Latin con and modulatio.] Measure; agreement. [Little used.]

Hakewill.

Commoigne

COMMOIGNE, noun [French] A monk of the same convent. [Not in use.]

Selden.

Common

COM'MON, adjective [Latin communis; French commun; Armoric coumun; Italian comune; Spanish comun; Portugese commum; Gothic gamains; Saxon gemoen; German gemein; Dutch gemeen; Swedish gemen; Danish gemeen; Irish cumann; Gothic gamana, a fellow, fellowship. This word may be composed of cum and man, men, the plural men being equivalent to people and vulgus. The last syllable is clearly from the root of many, which seems to belong to the root of man, and mean is of the same family. Hence we see the connection between common and mean, as vulgar, from vulgus, folks.]

1. Belonging equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely; as, life and sense are

common to man and beast; the common privileges of citizens; the common wants of men.

2. Belonging to the public; having no separate owner. The right to a highway is common.

3. General; serving for the use of all; as the common prayer.

4. Universal; belonging to all; as, the earth is said to be the common mother of mankind.

5. Public; general; frequent; as common report.

6. Usual; ordinary; as the common operations of nature; the common forms of conveyance; the common rules of civility.

7. Of no rank or superior excellence; ordinary. Applied to men, it signifies, not noble, not distinguished by noble descent, or not distinguished by office, character or talents; as a common man; a common soldier. Applied to things, it signifies, not distinguished by excellence or superiority; as a common essay; a common exertion. It however is not generally equivalent to mean, which expresses something lower in rank or estimation.

8. Prostitute; lewd; as a common woman.

9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action and passion, are called common; as aspernor, I despise or am despised; also, such nouns as are both masculine and feminine, as parens.

10. A common bud, in botany, is one that contains both leaves and flowers; a common peduncle, one that bears seveal flowers; a common perianth, one that incloses several distinct fructifications; a common receptacle, one that connects several distinct fructifications.

Martyn.

Common divisor, in mathematics, is a number or quantity that divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder.

Common Law, in Great Britain and the United States, the unwritten law, the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinction from the written or statute law. That body of rules, principles and customs which have been received from our ancestors, and by which courts have been governed in their judicial decisions. The evidence of this law is to be found in the reports of those decisions, and the records of the courts. Some of these rules may have originated in edicts or statutes which are now lost, or in the terms and conditions of particular grants or charters; but it is most probable that many of them originated in judicial decisions founded on natural justice and equity, or on local customs.

Common pleas, in Great Britain, one of the king's courts, now held in Westminister-Hall. It consists of a chief justice and three other justices, and has cognizance of all civil causes, real, personal or mixed, as well by original writ, as by removal from the inferior courts. A writ of error, in the nature of an appeal, lies from this court to the court of king's bench.

Blackstone.

In some of the American states, a court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. This court is variously constituted in different states, and its powers are defined by statutes. It has jurisdiction of civil causes, and of minor offenses; but its final jurisdiction is very limited; all causes of magnitude being removable to a higher Court by appeal or by writ of error.

Common prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, which all the clergy of the Church are enjoined to use, under a penalty.

Encyc.

Common recovery, a legal process for recovering an estate or barring entails.

Common time, in music, duple or double time, when the semibreve is equal to two minims.

In common, equally with another, or with others; to be equally used or participated by two or more; as tenants in common; to provide for children in common; to assign lands to two persons in common, or to twenty in common; we enjoy the bounties of providence in common.

Common

COM'MON, noun A tract of ground, the use of which is not appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public or to a number. Thus we apply the word to an open ground or space in a highway, reserved for public use.

2. In law, an open ground, or that soil the use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors; or the profit which a man has in the land of another; or a right which a person has to pasture his cattle on land of another, or to dig turf, or catch fish, or cut wood, or the like; called common of pasture, of turbary, of piscary, and of estovers.

Common, or right of common, is appendant, appurtenant, because of vicinage, or in gross.

Common appendant is a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon the lord's waste, and upon the lands of other persons within the same manor. This is a matter of most universal right.

Common appurtenant may be annexed to lands in other lordships, or extend to other beasts, besides those which are generally commonable; this is not of common right, but can be claimed only by immemorial usage and prescription.

Common because of vicinage or neighborhood, is where the inhabitants of two townships, lying contiguous to each other, have usually intercommoned with one another, the beasts of the one straying into the other's fields; this is a permissive right.

Common in gross or at large, is annexed to a man's person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other corporation sole.

Blackstone.

Common

COM'MON, v.i. To have a joint right with others in common ground.

Johnson.

2. To board together; to eat at a table in common.

Encyc.

Common

COM'MON, adverb Commonly.

Shak.

Common-Council

COMMON-COUNCIL, noun The council of a city or corporate town, empowered to make by-laws for the government of the citizens. The common council of London consists of two houses; the upper house, composed of the Lord Mayor and

Aldermen; and the lower house, of the common-council-men, elected by the several wards. In most of the American cities, the Mayor, Aldermen and common-council-men constitute one body, called a Court of Common-Council.

Common-Crier

COMMON-CRIER, noun A crier whose occupation is to give notice of lost things.

Common-Hall

COMMON-HALL, noun A hall or house in which citizens meet for business.

Common-Lawyer

COMMON-LAWYER, noun One versed in Common Law.

Spelman.

Commonplace

COM'MONPLACE, noun A memorandum; a common topic.

Commonplace

COM'MONPLACE, verb transitive To enter in a commonplace-book, or to reduce to general heads.

Felton.

Commonplace-book, a book in which are registered such facts, opinions or observations as are deemed worthy of notice or remembrance, so disposed that any one may be easily found. Hence commonplace is used as an epithet to denote what is common or often repeated, or trite; as a commonplace observation.

Commonable

COM'MONABLE, adjective Held in common.

Bacon.

2. That may be pastured on common land.

Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plow, or such as manure the ground.

Blackstone.

Commonage

COM'MONAGE, noun The right of pasturing on a common; the joint right of using any thing in common with others.

Johnson.

Commonalty

COM'MONALTY, noun The common people. In Great Britain, all classes and conditions of people, who are below the rank of nobility.

The commonalty, like the nobility, are divided into several degrees.

Blackstone.

In the United States, commonalty has no very definite signification. It is however used to denote that part of the people who live by labor, and are not liberally educated, nor elevated by office or professional pursuits.

2. The bulk of mankind.

Hooker.

Commoner

COM'MONER, noun One of the lower rank, or common people; one under the degree of nobility.

Addison.

2. A member of the house of commons.

Swift.

3. One who has a joint right in common ground.

Bacon.

4. A student of the second rank in the universities in England; one who eats at a common table.

Johnson.

5. A prostitute.

Shak.

6. A partaker.

Fuller.

Commonition

COMMONI'TION, noun [Latin commonitio. See Monition.] Advice; warning; instruction. [Little used.]

Commonitive

COMMON'ITIVE, adjective Warning; monitory. [Little used.]

Commonly

COM'MONLY, adverb Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most part; as, confirmed habits commonly continue through life.

Commonness

COM'MONNESS, noun Frequent occurrence; a state of being common or usual.

2. Equal participation by two or more. [Little used.]

Commons

COM'MONS, n. plu. The common people, who inherit or possess no honors or titles; the vulgar.

Chaucer. Shak. Dryden.

2. In England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs and counties, chosen by men possessed of the property or qualifications required by law. This body is called the House of Commons. The House of Representatives in North Carolina bears the same name.

3. Common grounds; land possessed or used by two or more persons in common. [See Common.]

4. Food provided at a common table, as in colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in the same hall.

Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing scant.

Dryden.

Doctors Commons, in London, a college founded by Dr. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, where the civilians common together. The house was consumed in the great fire in 1666, but rebuilt in 1672. To this college belong thirty four proctors.

Encyc.

Commonty

COM'MONTY, noun In Scots law, land belonging to two or more common proprietors; or a heath or muir, of which there has been a promiscuous possession by pasturage.

Encyc.

Commonweal

COMMONWE'AL, or COMMONWEALTH', noun [See Weal and Wealth.]

1. An established form of government, or civil polity; or more generally, a state; a body politic, consisting of a certain portion of men united by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws. This term is applied to the government of Great Britain, which is of a mixed character, and to other governments which are considered as free or popular, but rarely or improperly, to an absolute government. A commonwealth is properly a free state; a popular or representative government; a republic; as the commonwealth of Massachusetts. The word signifies strictly, the common good or happiness; and hence, the form of government supposed best to secure the public good.

2. The whole body of people in a state; the public.

Shak.

3. The territory of a state; as, all the land within the limits of the commonwealth.

Massachusetts.

Commonwealthsman

COMMONWEALTH'S'MAN, noun One who favors the commonwealth, or a republican government.

Commorance

COM'MORANCE, or COM'MORANCY, noun [Latin commorans, commoror; con and moror, to stay or delay.]

A dwelling or ordinary residence in a place; abode; habitation.

Commorancy consists in usually lying there.

Blackstone.

Commorant

COM'MORANT, adjective Dwelling; ordinarily residing; inhabiting.

All freeholders within the precinctÃ‚--and all persons commorant thereinÃ‚--are obliged to attend the court-leet.

Blackstone.

Commorient

COMMO'RIENT, adjective [Latin commoriens.] Dying at the same time.

Commother

COM'MOTHER, noun A godmother. [Little used.]

Commotion

COMMO'TION, noun [Latin commotio, commoveo; con and moveo. See Move.]

1. Agitation; as the commotion of the sea.

2. Tumult of people; disturbance; disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insurrection; as the commotions of a state.

When ye hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified. Luke 21.

3. Agitation; perturbation; disorder of mind; heat; excitement.

He could not debate without commotion.

Clarendon.

Commotioner

COMMO'TIONER, noun One who excites commotion. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Commove

COMMOVE, verb transitive [Latin commoveo. See Move.]

To put in motion; to disturb; to agitate; to unsettle; a poetic word.

Thomson.

Commune

COMMU'NE, verb intransitive [French communier; Welsh cymunaw; Armoric communya. The Welsh word is by Owen considered as a compound of cy, a prefix equivalent to co and con in Latin, and ymun; ym, noting identity, and unaw, to unite. If the word is formed from cy or cum and unus, it is radically different from common. But the Latin communico accords with this word, and with common.]

1. To converse; to talk together familiarly; to impart sentiments mutually, in private or familiar discourse; followed by with before the person.

And there will I meet and commune with thee. Exodus 25.

2. To have intercourse in contemplation or meditation.

Commune with your own heart on your bed. Psalm 4.

3. To partake of the sacrament or Lord's supper; to receive the communion; a common use of the word in America, as it is in the Welsh.

Commune

COMMU'NE, noun A small territorial district in FranceÃ‚--one of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced in the late revolution.

Communibus annis, one year with another; on an average.

Communibus locis, one place with another; on a medium.

Communicability

COMMUNICABIL'ITY, noun [See Communicate.] The quality of being communicable; capability of being imparted from one to another.

Johnson.

Communicable

COMMU'NICABLE, adjective [French]

That may be communicated; capable of being imparted from one to another; as, knowledge is communicable by words.

Lost bliss, to thee no more communicable.

Milton.

Eternal life is communicable to all.

Hooker.

2. That may be recounted.

Milton.

3. Communicative; ready to impart. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Communicant

COMMU'NICANT, noun One who communes at the Lord's table; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament, at the celebration of the Lord's supper.

Hooker. Atterbury.

Communicate

COMMU'NICATE, verb transitive [Latin communico, from communis, common; Italian comunicare; Spanish comunicar; French communiquer.]

1. To impart; to give to another, as a partaker; to confer for joint possession; to bestow, as that which the receiver is to hold, retain, use or enjoy; with to.

Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his blessings and holy influences.

Taylor.

Let him that is taught in the word communicate to him that teacheth in all good things. Galatians 6.

2. To impart reciprocally, or mutually; to have or enjoy a share of; followed by with.

Common benefits are to be communicated with all, but peculiar benefits with choice.

Bacon.

But Diomede desires my company.

And still communicates his praise with me.

Dryden.

3. To impart, as knowledge; to reveal; to give, as information, either by words, signs or signals; as, to communicate intelligence, news, opinions, or facts.

Formerly this verb had with before the person receiving; as, "he communicated those thoughts only with the Lord Digby." Clarendon. But now it has to only.

4. To deliver, as to communicate a message; to give, as to communicate motion.

Communicate

COMMU'NICATE, verb intransitive To partake of the Lord's supper.

Taylor.

Instead of this, in America, at least in New England, commune is generally or always used.

2. To have a communication or passage from one to another; to have the means of passing from one to another; as, two houses communicate with each other; a fortress communicates with the country; the canals of the body communicate with each other.

Arbuthnot.

3. To have intercourse; applied to persons.

4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally; to have a share with another.

Ye have done well that ye did communicate with my affliction. Philippians 4.

Communicated

COMMU'NICATED, participle passive Imparted from one to another; bestowed; delivered.

Communicating

COMMU'NICATING, participle of the present tense Imparting; giving or bestowing; delivering.

2. Partaking of the sacrament of the Lord's supper.

3. Leading or conducting from place to place, as a passage; connected by a passage or channel, as two lakes communicating with each other.

4. Having intercourse by words, letters or messages; corresponding.

Communication

COMMUNICA'TION, noun The act of imparting, conferring, or delivering, from one to another; as the communication of knowledge, opinions or facts.

2. Intercourse by words, letters or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means.

Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you. 2 Samuel 3.

Let your communication be, yea, yea; nay, nay. Matthew 5.

In 1 Corinthians 15:33"Evil communications corrupt good manners," the word may signify conversation, colloquial discourses, or customary association and familiarity.

3. Intercourse; interchange of knowledge; correspondence; good understanding between men.

Secrets may be carried so far as to stop the communication necessary among all who have the management of affairs.

Swift.

4. Connecting passage; means of passing from place to place; as a strait or channel between seas or lakes, a road between cities or countries, a gallery between apartments in a house, an avenue between streets, &c.

Keep open a communication with the besieged place.

5. That which is communicated or imparted.

The house received a communication from the Governor, respecting the hospital.

6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of I or you.

Beattie.

Communicative

COMMU'NICATIVE, adjective Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others. In the sense of liberal of benefits, though legitimate, it is little used.

2. Disposed to impart or disclose, as knowledge, opinions, or facts; free to communicate; not reserved.

We have paid for our want of prudence, and determine for the future to be less communicative.

Swift.

Communicativeness

COMMU'NICATIVENESS, noun The quality of being communicative; readiness to impart to others; freedom from reserve.

Norris.

Communicatory

COMMU'NICATORY, adjective Imparting knowledge.

Barrow.

Communing

COMMU'NING, participle of the present tense Conversing familiarly; having familiar intercourse.

Communing

COM'MUNING, noun Familiar converse; private intercourse.

E. T. Fitch.

Communion

COMMU'NION, n. commu'nyon. [Latin communio; French communion; Italian comunione; Spanish comunion; Portugese communham. See Common.]

Fellowship; intercourse between two persons or more; interchange of transactions, or offices; a state of giving and receiving; agreement; concord.

We are naturally led to seek communion and fellowship with others.

Hooker.

What communion hath light with darkness? 2 Corinthians 6.

The communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. 2 Corinthians 13.

2. Mutual intercourse or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and discipline.

The Protestant churches have no communion with the Romish church.

3. The body of christians who have one common faith and discipline. The three grand communions into which the christian church is divided, are those of the Greek, the Romish and the Protestant churches.

4. The act of communicating the sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the Lord's supper; the participation of the blessed sacrament. The fourth council of Lateran decrees that every believer shall receive the communion at least at Easter.

Encyc.

5. Union of professing christians in a particular church; as, members in full communion.

Communion-service, in the liturgy of the Episcopal church, is the office for the administration of the holy sacrament.

Community

COMMU'NITY, noun [Latin communitas; Italian comunitÃƒ- ; Spanish comunidad; French communautÃƒ-©. See Common.]

1. Properly, common possession or enjoyment; as a community of goods.

It is a confirmation of the original community of all things.

Locke.

2. A society of people, having common rights and privileges, or common interests, civil, political or ecclesiastical; or living under the same laws and regulations. This word may signify a commonwealth or state, a body politic, or a particular society or order of men within a state, as a community of monks; and it is often used for the public or people in general, without very definite limits.

3. Commonness; frequency. Obs.

Shak.

Commutability

COMMUTABIL'ITY, noun [See Commute.]

The quality of being capable of being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other.

Commutable

COMMU'TABLE, adjective [Latin commutabilis. See Commute.]

That may be exchanged, or mutually changed; that may be given for another. In philology, that may pass from one into another; as, the letter b is commutable with v; or in Celtic, b and mh are commutable.

Commutation

COMMUTA'TION, noun [Latin commutatio. See Commute.]

1. Change; alteration; a passing from one state to another.

South.

2. Exchange; the act of giving one thing for another; barter.

The use of money is to save the commutation of more bulky commodities.

Arbuthnot.

3. In law, the change of a penalty or punishment from a greater to a less; as banishment instead of death.

Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed to be given as a commutation for penance.

Blackstone.

Commutative

COMMU'TATIVE, adjective [French commutatif; Italian commutativo. See Commute.]

Relative to exchange; interchangeable; mutually passing from one to another; as commutative justice, justice which is mutually done and received, between men in society.

To cultivate an habitual regard to commutative justice.

Burke.

Commutatively

COMMU'TATIVELY, adverb By way of reciprocal exchange.

Brown.

Commute

COMMU'TE, verb transitive [Latin commuto; con and muto, to change. See Mutable and Mutation.]

1. To exchange; to put one thing in the place of another; to give or receive one thing for another; as, to commute our labors; to commute pain for pleasure.

2. In law, to exchange one penalty or punishment for another of less severity; as, to commute death for transportation.

Commute

COMMU'TE, verb intransitive To atone; to compensate; to stand in the place of; as, one penalty commutes for another.

Commutual

COMMU'TUAL, adjective [con and mutual.] Mutual; reciprocal; used in poetry.

There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove

In acts of dear benevolence and love.

Pope.

Compact

COMPACT', adjective [Latin compactus, compingo; con and pango, pactus, to thrust, drive, fix, make fast or close; antiq. pago, paco; Greek. See Pack.] Literally, driven, thrust or pressed together. Hence.

1. Closely and firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense. Stone, iron and wood are compact bodies. A compact leaf, in botany, is one having the pulp of a close firm texture.

2. Composed; consisting.

A wandering fire,

Compact of unctuous vapor.

Milton. Shak.

This sense is not common. [See the Verb.] Compact seems to be used for compacted. So in the following example.

3. Joined; held together. [Little used.]

A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together.

Peacham.

4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as a compact discourse.

Compact

COM'PACT, noun [Latin compactum.] An agreement; a contract between parties; a word that may be applied, in a general sense, to any covenant or contract between individuals; but it is more generally applied to agreements between nations and states, as treaties and confederacies. So the constitution of the United States is a political contract between the States; a national compact. Or the word is applied to the agreement of the individuals of a community.

The law of nations depends on mutual compacts, treaties, leagues, &c.

Blackstone.

In the beginnings of speech there was an implicit compact, founded on common consent.

South.

Compact

COMPACT', verb transitive To thrust, drive or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate; to make close; as the parts which compose a body.

Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone.

Blackmore.

This verb is not much used. The participle is more frequent; as, the earth's compacted sphere.

Roscommon.

The solids are more strict and compacted.

Arbuthnot.

2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.

The whole body fitly joined together and compacted. Eph. 4.

3. To league with.

Thou pernicious woman.

Compact with her that's gone.

Shak.

4. To compose or make out of.

If he, compact of jars, grow musical.

Shak.

In the two last examples, compact is used for compacted.

Compacted

COMPACT'ED, participle passive Pressed close; firmly united, or connected.

Compactedness

COMPACT'EDNESS, noun A state of being compact; firmness; closeness of parts; density, whence results hardness.

Digby.

Compacting

COMPACT'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting closely; consolidating.

Compaction

COMPAC'TION, noun The act of making compact; or the state of being compact.

Bacon.

Compactly

COMPACT'LY, adverb Closely; densely; with close union of parts.

Compactness

COMPACT'NESS, noun Firmness; close union of parts; density.

Boyle.

Compacture

COMPACT'URE, noun Close union or connection of parts; structure well connected; manner of joining.

Spenser.

Compages

COMPA'GES, or COM'PAGES, noun [Latin] A system or structure of many parts united.

Ray.

Compagination

COMPAGINA'TION, noun [Latin compago. See Compact.]

Union of parts; structure; connection; contexture. [Little used.]

Brown.

Companable

COM'PANABLE, adjective Companionable. Obs.

Chaucher.

Companableness

COM'PANABLENESS, noun Sociableness. Obs.

Sidney.

Companiable

COMPAN'IABLE, adjective Social. Obs.

Bacon.

Companiableness

COMPAN'IABLENESS, noun Sociableness. Obs.

Bp. Hall.

Companion

COMPAN'ION, n. compan'yun. [French compagnon;

Armoric compaignun; Italian compagno; Spanish compaÃƒ-±ero; Portugese companheiro; Irish companach. See Company.]

1. One who keeps company with another; one with whom a person frequently associates, and converses. "It differs from friend, says Johnson, as acquaintance from confidence." The word does not necessarily imply friendship; but a companion is often or generally a friend.

A companion of fools shall be destroyed. Proverbs 13.

2. One who accompanies another; as two persons meeting casually and traveling together are called companions. So soldiers are called companions in arms.

3. A partner; an associate.

Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labor, and fellow soldier. Philippians 2.

4. A fellow; a mate.

Shak.

5. A sort of wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair case of the cabin in merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is called the companion ladder.

Mar. Dict.

Companionable

COMPAN'IONABLE, adjective Fit for good fellowship; qualified to be agreeable in company; sociable; agreeable as a companion.

Clarendon.

Companionably

COMPAN'IONABLY, adverb In a companionable manner.

Companionship

COMPAN'IONSHIP, noun Fellowship; association.

Shak.

2. Company; train.

Shak.

Company

COM'PANY, noun [Italian compagnia; Spanish compaÃƒ-±ia; Portugese companhia; French compagnie; not from cum and panis, bread, a mess or number of men eating together, as is commonly supposed; but from cum and pannus, cloth, Teutonic fahne or vaan, a flag. The word denotes a band or number of men under one flag or standard. What decides this question is, the Spanish mode of writing the word with n tilde, titled n, compaÃƒ-±ia, for this is the manner of writing paÃƒ-±o, cloth; whereas panis, bread, is written pan. The orthography of the word in the other languages is confirmatory of this opinion.]

1. In military affairs, the soldiers united under the command of a captain; a subdivision of a regiment, consisting usually of a number from 70 to 100 men. But the number is indefinite.

2. Any assemblage of persons; a collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite sense. It may be applied to a small number, or any multitude whatever; as in scripture we read of a company of priests, a company of prophets, and an innumerable company of angels; also, a company of horses.

3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or festivity; a party collected by invitation or otherwise.

4. Persons that associate with others for conversation or pleasure; society; as, let your children keep good company.

5. The state of being a companion; the act of accompanying; fellowship; society.

I will keep thee company.

Dryden.

We cannot enjoy the company of licentious men.

6. A number of persons united for the same purpose, or in a joint concern; as a company of merchants or mechanics; a company of players. The word is applicable to private partnerships or to incorporated bodies of men. Hence it may signify a firm, house or partnership; or a corporation, as the East India Company, a banking or insurance company.

7. The crew of a ship, including the officers; also, a fleet.

To bear company, to accompany; to attend; to go with; denoting a temporary association.

His faithful dog shall bear him company.

Pope.

To keep company, to accompany; to attend; also, to associate with frequently or habitually; hence, to frequent public houses. Proverbs 29.

Company

COM'PANY, verb transitive To accompany; to attend; to go with; to be companion to. [But accompany is generally used.]

Company

COM'PANY, verb intransitive To associate with; to frequent the company of.

I wrote you not to company with fornicators. 1 Corinthians 5.

2. To be a gay companion. Obs.

Spenser.

3. To have commerce with the other sex.

Bp. Hall.

Comparable

COM'PARABLE, adjective [Latin comparabilis. See Compare.]

That may be compared; worthy of comparison; being of equal regard; that may be estimated as equal.

There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend.

Addison.

The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold. Lamentations 4.

Comparably

COM'PARABLY, adverb In a manner or degree worthy to be compared, or of equal regard.

Wotton.

Comparates

COM'PARATES, noun In logic, the two things compared to one another.

Comparative

COMPAR'ATIVE, adjective [Latin comparativus; Italian comparativo; French comparatif. See Compare.]

1. Estimated by comparison; not positive or absolute. The comparative weight of a body, is that which is estimated by comparing it with the weight of another body. A body may be called heavy, when compared with a feather, which would be called light, when compared with iron. So of comparative good, or evil.

2. Having the power of comparing different things; as a comparative faculty. Qu.

Glanville.

3. In grammar, expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, or quality, than the positive; as brighter, or more bright; smaller; finer; stronger; weaker.

Comparative anatomy, that branch of anatomy which treats of the anatomy of other animals than man, with a view to compare their structure with that of human beings, and thus to illustrate the animal functions, and particularly with reference to a more perfect knowledge of the functions of several parts of the human body.

Encyc.

Comparative

COMPAR'ATIVE, noun One who is equal or pretends to be an equal. [Not now used.]

Shak.

Comparatively

COMPAR'ATIVELY, adverb In a state of comparison; by comparison; according to estimate made by comparison; not positively, absolutely or in itself. A thing is comparatively heavy, when it is compared with something less heavy. Paper is comparatively light or heavy; light, when compared with lead; and heavy, when compared with air.

How few, comparatively, are the instances of a wise application of time and talents!

Anon.

Compare

COMPA'RE, verb transitive [Latin comparo, to prepare, to provide or procure, to make equal, to compare; con and paro, to prepare; Italian parare, to dress, trim, adorn; also, to parry; Spanish parar, to prepare, to halt, to stop, to prevent, to detain, to stake at cards; Portugese parar, to stop or cease to go forward; to meet or confine upon; to touch or be bounded; to tend; to drive at some end; to aim at; to come to; to hinder; to parry, or ward off; to turn or change in inclination or morals; to lay or stake as a wager; Spanish parada, a halt, stop, pause; a fold for cattle; a relay of horses or mules; a dam or bank; a bet, stake or wager; a parade, or place of exercise for troops; Portugese id. Armoric para; Welsh parodi, to prepare. This seems to be the bara, of the Shemitic languages. The primary sense is, to throw, drive, or strike; hence, to drive or force off, to separate, to pare; hence, to trim, or dress, which may be from separating, as in the French parer des cuirs, to dress or curry leather; or from setting off, as we express the idea, that is, by enlargement, or display; or from setting in order, as we say, to fix. The sense of compare is allied to the Portuguese application of the word, to come to, to meet; and the Latin par, equal, belongs to the same root, and seems to be included in comparo. One of the principal significations is, to stop; that is, to set; to fix. In fencing, it is to intercept by thrusting the weapon aside. In gaming, it is to lay or throw down. All the senses unite in that of extending, thrusting, or driving. Welsh par, that is contiguous, preparedness, a pair, a fellow, peer, Latin par. The latter word seems to signify, extended, or reaching to, and to be closely allied to the Portuguese sense of contiguity.]

1. To set or bring things together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain their agreement or disagreement; as, to compare two pieces of cloth, two tables, or coins; to compare reasons and arguments; to compare pleasure with pain.

In comparing movable things, it is customary to bring them together, for examination. In comparing things immovable or remote, and abstract ideas, we bring them together in the mind, as far as we are able, and consider them in connection. Comparison therefore is really collation, or it includes it.

2. To liken; to represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration.

Solon compared the people to the sea, and orators and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and quiet, if the winds did not trouble it.

Bacon.

In this sense compare is followed by to.

3. To examine the relations of things to each other, with a view to discover their relative proportions, quantities or qualities; as, to compare two kingdoms, or two mountains with each other; to compare the number ten with fifteen; to compare ice with crystal; to compare a clown with a dancing master or a dandy.

In this sense compare is followed by with.

4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees of comparison; as blackish, black, blacker, blackest.

4. To get; to procure; to obtain; as in Latin. Obs.

Spenser.

Compare

COMPA'RE, verb intransitive To hold comparison; to be like or equal.

2. To vie. Obs.

Spenser.

Compare

COMPA'RE, noun The state of being compared; comparative estimate; comparison; possibility of entering into comparison, or being considered as equal.

Their small gallies may not hold compare With our tall ships.

Waller.

2. Simile; similitude; illustration by comparison.

Johnson.

[This noun is in use, but cannot be considered as elegant.]

Compared

COMPA'RED, participle passive Set together and examined with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or disagreement; likened; represented as similar.

Comparer

COMPA'RER, noun One who compares or makes a comparison.

Comparing

COMPA'RING, participle of the present tense Examining the relations of things to each other; likening.

Comparison

COMPAR'ISON, noun [Italian comparazione; Spanish comparacion; French comparaison; Portugese comparaÃƒ-§am; Latin comparatio. See Compare.]

1. The act of comparing; the act of considering the relation between persons or things, with a view to discover their agreement or resemblance, or their disagreement or difference.

We learn to form a correct estimate of men and their actions by comparison.

Anon.

2. The state of being compared.

If we rightly estimate what we call good and evil, we shall find it lies much in comparison.

Locke.

3. Comparative estimate; proportion.

Who is left among you that saw this house in its first glory? And how do you see it now? Is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? Haggai 2.

4. In grammar, the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of signification; as strong, stronger, strongest; greenish, green, greener, greenest; glorious, more glorious, most glorious. In English, there are strictly four degrees of comparison.

5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by similitude.

Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with what comparison shall we compare it? Mark 4.

6. In rhetoric, a figure by which two things are considered with regard to a third, which is common to them both; as, "a hero is like a lion in courage." Here courage is common to hero and lion, and constitutes the point of resemblance.

Encyc.

The distinction between similitude and comparison is, that the former has reference to the quality; the latter, to the quantity. Comparison is between more and less; similitude is between good and bad. HennibalÃ‚--hung like a tempest on the declivities of the AlpsÃ‚--is a likeness by similitude. The sublimity of the scriptural prophets exceeds that of Homer, as much as thunder is louder than a whisperÃ‚--is a likeness by comparison.

J. Q. Adams. Lecture ix.

But comparison has reference to quality as well as quantity.

Compart

COMP'ART, verb transitive [French compartir; Italian compartire; Spanish compartir, con or com and partir, Latin partio, to divide. See Part.]

To divide; to mark out a plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions.

Wotton.

Comparted

COMP`ARTED, participle of the present tense Divided into parts or apartments.

Comparting

COMP`ARTING, participle of the present tense Dividing or disposing into parts.

Compartition

COMPARTI'TION, noun The act of dividing into parts. In architecture, the division or disposition of the whole ground-plot of an edifice, into its various apartments.

Encyc.

2. Division; part divided; a separate part; as, amphitheaters needed no compartitions.

Wotton.

Compartment

COMP`ARTMENT, noun [French compartiment; Italian compartimento.]

1. A division or separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a ground-plot.

Pope. Peacham.

2. A design composed of several different figures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament; as a compartment of tiles or bricks, duly arranged, of various colors and varnished, to decorate a building. In gardening, compartments are assemblages of beds, plots, borders, walks, &c. In heraldry, a compartment is called also a partition.

Encyc.

Compartner

COMP`ARTNER, noun A sharer.

Pearson.

Compass

COM'PASS, noun [French compas; Spanish compas; Italian compasso; Portugese compasso; con or com and French pas, Spanish paso, Italian passo, a pace or step. Latin passus, which coincides with the participle of pando, to open or stretch. See Pace and Pass. A compass is a stepping together. So in Spanish and Portuguese, it signifies a beating of time in music.]

1. Stretch; reach; extent; the limit or boundary of a space, and the space included; applied to time, space, sound, &c. Our knowledge lies within a very narrow compass. The universe extends beyond the compass of our thoughts. So we say, the compass of a year, the compass of an empire, the compass of reason, the compass of the voice.

And in that compass all the world contains.

Dryden.

2. A passing round; a circular course; a circuit.

Time is come round;

And where I did begin, there shall I end:

My life has run its compass.

Shak.

They fetched a compass of seven days journey. 2 Kings 3:2 Samuel 5. Acts 28.

3. Moderate bounds; limits of truth; moderation; due limits.

In two hundred years, (I speak within compass,) no such commission had been executed.

Davies.

This sense is the same as the first, and the peculiar force of the phrase lies in the word within.

4. The extent or limit of the voice or of sound. [See No. 1.]

5. An instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper card marked with the thirty two points of direction, fixed on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the variation excepted. The needle with the card turns on a pin in the center of the box. In the center of the needle is fixed a brass conical socket or cap, by which the card hanging on the pin turns freely round the center. The box is covered with glass, to prevent the motion of the card from being disturbed by the wind.

Encyc.

6. Compass or compasses, [or a pair of compasses, so named from its legs, but pair is superfluous or improper, and the singular number compass is the preferable name,] an instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., consisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move. There are also compasses of three legs or triangular compasses, cylindrical and spherical compasses with four branches, and various other kinds.

Encyc.

7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in the main like the mariner's compass; but with this difference, that the needle is not fitted into the card, moving with it, but plays alone; the card being drawn on the bottom of the box, and a circle divided into 360 degrees on the limb. This instrument is used in surveying land, and in directing travelers in a desert or forest, miners, &c.

Encyc.

Compass-saw, a saw with a broad edge and thin back, to cut in a circular form.

Moxon.

Compass

COM'PASS, verb transitive Literally, to measure with a compass. Hence,

1. To stretch round; to extend so as to embrace the whole; hence, to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize; as, to compass with the arms.

2. To surround; to environ; to inclose on all sides; sometimes followed by around, round or about.

Now all the blessings

Of a glad father compass thee about.

Shak.

With favor wilt thou compass him as with a shield. Psalm 5.

The willows of the brook compass him about. Job 40.

3. To go or walk round.

Ye shall compass the cityÃ‚--and the seventh day ye shall compass the city seven times. Joshua 6.

For ye compass sea and land. Matthew 23.

4. To besiege; to beleaguer; to block up. This is not a different sense, but a particular application.

Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side. Luke 19.

5. To obtain; to attain to; to procure; to bring within one's power; to accomplish.

If I can check my erring love, I will;

If not, to compass her I'll use my skill.

Shak.

How can you hope to compass your designs?

Denham.

6. To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot; to contrive; as we say, to go about to perform, but in mind only; as, to compass the death of the king.

Compassing and imagining the death of the king are synonymous terms; compass signifying the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common speech, the carrying such design to effect.

Blackstone.

Compassed

COM'PASSED, participle passive Embraced; surrounded; inclosed; obtained; imagined.

Compassing

COM'PASSING, participle of the present tense Embracing; going round; inclosing; obtaining; accomplishing; imagining; intending.

2. In ship-building, incurvated; arched.

Mar. Dict.

Compassion

COMPAS'SION, noun [Italian compassione; Spanish compasion; French compassion; Low Latin compassio, compatior; con and patior, passus, to suffer. See Patience.]

1. A suffering with another; painful sympathy; a sensation of sorrow excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity; commiseration. Compassion is a mixed passion, compounded of love and sorrow; at least some portion of love generally attends the pain or regret, or is excited by it. Extreme distress of an enemy even changes enmity into at least temporary affection.

He, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity. Psalm 78.

His father had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. Luke 15.

Compassion

COMPAS'SION, verb transitive To pity. [Not used.]

Shak.

Compassionable

COMPAS'SIONABLE, adjective Deserving of pity. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Compassionate

COMPAS'SIONATE, adjective Having a temper or disposition to pity; inclined to show mercy; merciful; having a heart that is tender, and easily moved by the distresses, sufferings, wants and infirmities of others.

There never was a heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and compassionate.

South.

Compassionate

COMPAS'SIONATE, verb transitive To pity; to commiserate; to have compassion for.

Compassionates my pains and pities me.

Addison.

Compassionately

COMPAS'SIONATELY, adverb With compassion; mercifully.

Clarendon.

Compassionateness

COMPAS'SIONATENESS, noun The quality of being compassionate.

Compaternity

COMPATERN'ITY, noun [con and paternity.]

The relation of a godfather to the person for whom he answers.

Davies.

Compatibility

COMPATIBIL'ITY, noun [See Compatible.]

Consistency; the quality or power of coexisting with something else; suitableness; as a compatibility of tempers.

Compatible

COMPAT'IBLE, adjective [French compatible; Spanish id.; Portugese compativel; from the Latin competo, to sue or seek for the same thing, to agree; con and peto, to seek.]

1. Consistent; that may exist with; suitable; not incongruous; agreeable; followed by with; sometimes by to, but less properly.

The poets have joined qualities which by nature are the most compatible.

Broome.

The office of a legislator and of a judge are deemed not compatible.

To pardon offenders is not always compatible with public safety.

Compatibleness

COMPAT'IBLENESS, noun Consistency; fitness; agreement; the same as compatibility, which is generally used.

Compatibly

COMPAT'IBLY, adverb Fitly; suitably; consistently.

Compatient

COMPA'TIENT, adjective [Latin con and patior.]

Suffering together. [Little used.]

Buck.

Compatriot

COMPAT'RIOT, noun [Italian compatriotta; Spanish compatriota; con or com and patriot.]

A fellow patriot; one of the same country.

Compatriot

COMPAT'RIOT, adjective Of the same country.

Akenside.

Compeer

COMPEE'R, noun [Latin compar; con and par, equal. See Peer.

An equal; a companion; an associate; a mate.

Philips.

Compeer

COMPEE'R, verb transitive To equal; to match; to be equal with.

Shak.

Compel

COMPEL', verb transitive [Latin compello, compellere; con and pello, to drive; Spanish compeler; Portugese compellir. See Peal and Appeal.]

1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical or moral force.

Thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bond servant. Levit. 25.

And they compel one SimonÃ‚--to bear his cross. Mark 15.

Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be filled. Luke 14.

Circumstances compel us to practice economy.

2. To force; to take by force, or violence; to seize.

The subjects' grief

Comes through commissions, which compel from each

A sixth part of his substance.

Shak.

[This sense is harsh, and not very common.]

Johnson.

3. To drive together; to gather; to unite in a crowd or company. A Latinism, compellere gregem.

In one troop compelled.

Dryden.

4. To seize; to overpower; to hold.

And easy sleep their weary limbs compelled.

[Unusual.]

Dryden.

5. To call forth, Latin compellare. Obs.

Spenser.

Compellable

COMPEL'LABLE, adjective That may be driven, forced or constrained.

Compellably

COMPEL'LABLY, adverb By compulsion.

Compellation

COMPELLA'TION, noun [Latin compellatio; compello, compellare, the same word as the preceding, applied to the voice; to send or drive out the voice.]

Style or manner of address; the word of salutation.

The compellation of the Kings of France is by sire.

Temple.

Compelled

COMPEL'LED, participle passiveForced; constrained; obliged.

Compeller

COMPEL'LER, noun One who compels or constrains.

Compelling

COMPEL'LING, participle of the present tense Driving by force; constraining; obliging.

Compend

COM'PEND, or COMPEND'IUM, noun [Latin compendium.] In literature, an abridgment; a summary; an epitome; a brief compilation or composition, containing the principal heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system.

Compendiarious

COMPENDIA'RIOUS, adjective Short; contracted. [Little used.]

Compendiate

COMPEND'IATE, verb transitive To sum or collect together. [Not used.]

Compendious

COMPEND'IOUS, adjective Short; summary; abridged; comprehensive; containing the substance or general principles of a subject or work in a narrow compass; as a compendious system of chimistry; a compendious grammar.

2. Short; direct; near; not circuitous; as a compendious way to acquire science.

Compendiously

COMPEND'IOUSLY, adverb In a short or brief manner; summarily; in brief; in epitome.

The substance of christian belief is compendiously expressed in a few articles.

Anon.

Compendiousness

COMPEND'IOUSNESS, noun Shortness; brevity; comprehension in a narrow compass.

Bentley.

Compensable

COMPENS'ABLE, adjective [See Compensate.]

That may be compensated. [Little used.]

Compensate

COM'PENSATE, verb transitive [Latin compenso; con and penso, to prize or value, from pendo, to weigh, to value. See Pendent.]

1. To give equal value to; to recompense; to give an equivalent for services, or an amount lost or bestowed; to return or bestow that which makes good a loss, or is estimated a sufficient remuneration; as, to compensate a laborer for his work, or a merchant for his losses.

2. To be equivalent in value or effect to; to counterbalance; to make amends for.

The length of the night and the dews do compensate the heat of the day.

Bacon.

The pleasures of sin never compensate the sinner for the miseries he suffers, even in this life.

Anon.

Compensate

COM'PENSATE, verb intransitive To make amends; to supply an equivalent; followed by for.

Nothing can compensate for the loss of reputation.

This word is generally accented on the second syllable, most unfortunately, as any ear will determine by the feebleness of the last syllables in the participles, compens'ated, compens'ating.

Each seeming want compensated of course.

Pope.

With the primary accent on the first syllable and the secondary accent on the third, this defect and the difficulty of uttering distinctly the last syllables are remedied.

Compensated

COM'PENSATED, participle passive Recompensed; supplied with an equivalent in amount or effect; rewarded.

Compensating

COM'PENSATING, participle of the present tense Giving an equivalent; recompensing; remunerating.

Compensation

COMPENSA'TION, noun That which is given or received as an equivalent for services, debt, want, loss, or suffering; amends; remuneration; recompense.

All other debts may compensation find.

Dryden.

The pleasures of life are no compensation for the loss of divine favor and protection.

2. In law, a set-off; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.

Compensative

COMPENS'ATIVE, adjective Making amends or compensation.

Compensatory

COMPENS'ATORY, adjective Serving for compensation; making amends.

Compense

COMPENSE, verb transitive to recompense, is found in Bacon; but is not now in use.

Compete

COMPE'TE, verb intransitive [Latin competo; con and peto.]

1. To seek, or strive for the same thing as another; to carry on competition or rivalry.

Our manufacturers compete with the English in making cotton cloths.

2. To strive or claim to be equal.

The sages of antiquity will not dare to compete with the inspired authors.

Milner.

Competence

COM'PETENCE, or COM'PETENCY, noun [Latin competens, competo, to be meet or fit; con and peto, to seek; properly, to press, urge or come to.] Primarily, fitness; suitableness; convenience. Hence,

1. Sufficiency; such a quantity as is sufficient; property or means of subsistence sufficient to furnish the necessaries and conveniencies of life, without superfluity.

Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense,

Lie in three words, health, peace, and competence.

Pope.

2. Sufficiency, applied to other things than property; but this application is less common.

3. Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness; as the competence of a witness, which consists in his having the qualifications required by law, as age, soundness of mind, impartiality, &c.

4. Right or authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause; as the competence of a judge or court to examine and decide.

Kent.

5. Fitness; adequacy; suitableness; legal sufficiency; as the competency of evidence.

Sewall.

Competent

COM'PETENT, adjective Suitable; fit; convenient; hence, sufficient, that is, fit for the purpose; adequate; followed by to; as, competent supplies of food and clothing; a competent force; an army competent to the preservation of the kingdom or state; a competent knowledge of the world. This word usually implies a moderate supply, a sufficiency without superfluity.

2. Qualified; fit; having legal capacity or power; as a competent judge or court; a competent witness. In a judge or court, it implies right or authority to hear and determine; in a witness, it implies a legal right or capacity to testify.

3. Incident; belonging; having adequate power or right.

That is the privilege of the infinite author of things, who never slumbers nor sleeps, but is not competent to any finite being.

Locke.

It is not competent to the defendant to alledge fraud in the plaintiff.

Competently

COM'PETENTLY, adverb Sufficiently; adequately; suitably; reasonably; as, the fact has been competently proved; a church is competently endowed.

Competible

COMPET'IBLE, adjective [Not now used. See Compatible.]

Competing

COMPE'TING, participle of the present tense Striving in rivalry.

Competition

COMPETI'TION, noun [Low Latin competitio. See Compete and Competence.]

1. The act of seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeavoring to gain, at the same time; rivalry; mutual strife for the same object; also, strife for superiority; as the competition of two candidates for an office, or of two poets for superior reputation.

2. A state of rivalship; a state of having equal claims.

A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come in competition.

Dryden.

3. Double claim; claim of more than one to the same thing; formerly with to, now with for.

Competition to the crown there is none nor can be.

Bacon.

There is no competition but for the second place.

Dryden.

Competitor

COMPET'ITOR, noun One who seeks and endeavors to obtain what another seeks; or one who claims what another claims; a rival.

They cannot brook competitors in love.

Shak.

2. An opponent.

Shak.

Competitory

COMPET'ITORY, adjective Rivaling; acting in competition.

Dangers of the country.

Competitress

COMPET'ITRESS, or COMPET'ITRIX, noun A female competitor.

Compilation

COMPILA'TION, noun [See Compile.]

1. A collection of certain parts of a book or books, into a separate book or pamphlet.

2. A collection or assemblage of other substances; or the act of collecting and forming an aggregate.

Woodward.

Compilator

COMPILA'TOR, noun A collector. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Compile

COMPI'LE, verb transitive [Latin compilo, to pilfer or plunder; con and pilo, to pillage, to peel, and to drive close; compilatio, a pillaging; Italian compilare; French compiler; Spanish Portugese compilar. The Latin pilo is the English, to peel, to strip; but pilo, to make thick, or drive together, is the Greek, lanas cogo, coarcto, constipo Compile is probably from peeling, picking out, selecting and putting together.]

1. To collect parts or passages of books or writings into a book or pamphlet; to select and put together parts of an author, or to collect parts of different authors; or to collect and arrange separate papers, laws, or customs, in a book, code or system.

2. To write; to compose.

In poetry, they compile the praises of virtuous men and actions.

Temple.

3. To contain; to comprise. [Not used.]

Spenser.

4. To make up; to compose. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. To put together; to build. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Compiled

COMPI'LED, participle passive Collected from authors; selected and put together.

Compilement

COMPI'LEMENT, noun The act of piling together or heaping; coacervation. [Little used.]

Woodward.

Compiler

COMPI'LER, noun A collector of parts of authors, or of separate papers or accounts; one who forms a book or composition from various authors or separate papers.

Bacon. Swift.

Compiling

COMPI'LING, participle of the present tense Collecting and arranging parts of books, or separate papers, in a body or composition.

Complacence

COMPLA'CENCE, or COMPLA'CENCY, noun [Latin complacens, complaceo; con and placeo, to please; French complaire, complaisant; Italian compiacere, compiacente; Spanish complacer.]

1. Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification. It is more than approbation, and less than delight or joy.

Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with satisfaction and complacency, if they discover none of the like in themselves.

Addison.

2. The cause of pleasure or joy.

Milton.

3. Complaisance; civility; softness of manners; deportment and address that afford pleasure.

Complacency, and truth, and manly sweetness,

Dwell ever on his tongue, and smooth his thoughts.

Addison.

In the latter sense, complaisance, from the French, is now used. [See Complaisance.]

Complacent

COMPLA'CENT, adjective Civil; complaisant.

They look up with a sort of complacent awe to kings.

Burke.

Complacential

COMPLACEN'TIAL, adjective Marked by complacence; accommodating.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Complacently

COMPLA'CENTLY, adverb Softly; in a complacent manner.

Complain

COMPLA'IN, verb intransitive [French complaindre; con or com and plaindre, plaint, to lament, to bewail; Spanish plaÃƒ-±ir; Italian compiagnere, or compiangere; from the Latin plango, to strike, to lament. If n is not radical, the original word was plago, coinciding with plaga, Greek. But this is doubtful. The primary sense is to drive, whence to strike and to lament, that is, to strike the hands or breasts, as in extreme grief, or to drive forth the voice, as in appello.]

1. To utter expressions of grief; to lament.

I will complain in the bitterness of my spirit. Job 7.

I complained and my spirit was overwhelmed Psalm 77.

2. To utter expressions of censure or resentment; to murmur; to find fault.

And when the people complained, it displeased the Lord. Numbers 11.

3. To utter expressions of uneasiness, or pain. He complains of thirst. He complains of a head-ache.

4. To charge; to accuse of an offense; to present an accusation against a person to a proper officer.

To A B, one of the justices of the peace for the county of S, complains C Dutch

This verb is regularly followed by of, before the cause of grief or censure; as, to complain of thirst, of ignorance, of vice, of an offender.

5. To represent injuries, particularly in a writ of Audita Querela.

Complain

COMPLA'IN, verb transitive To lament; to bewail.

They might the grievance inwardly complain.

This use of complain is uncommon, and hardly legitimate. The phrase is properly elliptical.

Complainable

COMPLA'INABLE, adjective That may be complained of. [Not in use.]

Feltham.

Complainant

COMPLA'INANT, noun [French complaignant.]

A prosecutor; one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a legal process against an offender for the recovery of a right or penalty.

He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town; and the other moiety to the use of the complainant.

Stat. of Massachusetts.

2. The plaintiff in a writ of Audita Querela.

Ibm.

Complainer

COMPLA'INER, noun One who complains, or expresses grief; one who laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.

These are murmurers, complainers, walking after their own lusts. Jude 16.

Complainful

COMPLA'INFUL, adjective Full of complaint. [Not used.]

Complaining

COMPLA'INING, participle of the present tense Expressing grief, sorrow, or censure; finding fault; murmuring; lamenting; accusing of an offense.

Complaining

COMPLA'INING, noun The expression of regret, sorrow, or injury.

Complaint

COMPLA'INT, noun [French complainte; Italian compianto.] Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment; lamentation; murmuring; a finding fault.

Even to day is my complaint bitter. Job 23.

I mourn in my complaint and make a noise. Psalm 55.

The Jews laid many and grievous complaints against Paul. Acts 25.

I find no cause of complaint.

Hooker.

2. The cause or subject of complaint, or murmuring.

The poverty of the clergy hath been the complaint of all who wish well to the church.

Swift.

3. The cause of complaint, or of pain and uneasiness in the body; a malady; a disease; usually applied to disorders not violent; as a complaint in the bowels or breast.

4. Accusation; a charge against an offender, made by a private person or informer to a justice of the peace or other proper officer, alledging that the offender has violated the law, and claiming the penalty due to the prosecutor. It differs from an information, which is the prosecution of an offender by the Attorney or Solicitor General; and from a presentment and indictment, which are the accusation of a Grand Jury.

5. Representation of injuries, in a general sense; and appropriately, in a writ of Audita Querela.

Complaisance

COM'PLAISANCE, noun com'plazance. [French complaisance, from complaisant, the participle of complaire; con or com and plaire, to please, whence plaisant, pleasing, plaisir, pleasure, Latin placeo, placere, the infinitive changed into plaire; Italian compiacenza, from compiacere, piacere; Spanish complacencia, complacer. This is the same word as complacence; the latter we have from the Latin orthography. This word affords an example of a change of a palatal letter in the Latin into a sibilant in French, c into s.]

1. A pleasing deportment; courtesy; that manner of address and behaviour in social intercourse which gives pleasure; civility; obliging condescension; kind and affable reception and treatment of guests; exterior acts of civility; as, the gentleman received us with complaisance.

2. Condescension; obliging compliance with the wishes or humors of others.

In complaisance poor Cupid mourned.

Prior.

3. Desire of pleasing; disposition to oblige; the principle for the act.

Your complaisance will not permit your guests to be incommoded.

Anon.

Complaisant

COM'PLAISANT, adjective com'plazant. Pleasing in manners; courteous; obliging; desirous to please; as a complaisant gentleman.

2. Civil; courteous; polite; as complaisant deportment or treatment.

Complaisantly

COM'PLAISANTLY, adverb com'plazantly.

In a pleasing manner; with civility; with an obliging, affable address or deportment.

Pope.

Complaisantness

COM'PLAISANTNESS, noun Civility; complaisance. [Little used.]

Complanate

COM'PLANATE, or COMPLA'NE, verb transitive [Latin complano; con and planus, plain.

See Plane and Plain.]

To make level; to reduce to an even surface.

Derham.

Complement

COM'PLEMENT, noun [Latin complementum, from compleo, to fill; con and pleo, to fill. Literally, a filling.]

1. Fulness; completion; whence, perfection.

They as they feasted had their fill.

For a full complement of all their ill.

Hub. Tales.

2. Full quantity or number; the quantity or number limited; as, a company has its complement of men; a ship has its complement of stores.

3. That which is added, not as necessary, but as ornamental; something adventitious to the main thing; ceremony. [See Compliment.]

Garnished and decked in modest complement.

Shak.

4. In geometry, what remains of the quadrant of a circle, or of ninety degrees, after any arch has been taken from it. Thus if the arch taken is thirty degrees, its complement is sixty.

Bailey. Johnson.

5. In astronomy, the distance of a star from the zenith.

Johnson.

6. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, is what the logarithm wants of 10,000,000.

Chambers.

7. In fortification, the complement of the curtain is that part in the interior side which makes the demigorge.

Complemental

COMPLEMENT'AL, adjective Filling; supplying a deficiency; completing.

Complementary

COMPLEMENT'ARY, noun One skilled in compliments. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Complete

COMPLE'TE, adjective [Latin completus, from compleo; con and pleo, inusit., to fill; Italian compiere. The Greek has, to approach, to fill, contracted from, the primary sense of which is, to thrust or drive; and if the Latin pleo is from the Greek, which is probable, then the original orthography was peleo, compeleo; in which case,, pleo, is the same word as the English fill. The Greek is said to be a derivative. Literally, filled; full.]

1. Having no deficiency; perfect.

And ye are complete in him who is the head of all principality and power. Colossians 2.

2. Finished; ended; concluded; as, the edifice is complete.

This course of vanity almost complete.

Prior.

In strict propriety, this word admits of no comparison; for that which is complete, cannot be more or less so. But as the word, like many others, is used with some indefiniteness of signification, it is customary to qualify it with more, most, less and least. More complete, most complete, less complete, are common expressions.

3. In botany, a complete flower is one furnished with a calyx and corolla. Vaillant. Or having all the parts of a flower.

Martyn.

Complete

COMPLE'TE, verb transitive To finish; to end; to perfect; as, to complete a bridge, or an edifice; to complete an education.

2. To fill; to accomplish; as, to complete hopes or desires.

3. To fulfil; to accomplish; to perform; as, the prophecy of Daniel is completed.

Completed

COMPLE'TED, participle passive Finished; ended; perfected; fulfilled; accomplished.

Completely

COMPLE'TELY, adverb Fully; perfectly; entirely.

Swift.

Completement

COMPLE'TEMENT, noun The act of completing; a finishing.

Dryden.

Completeness

COMPLE'TENESS, noun The state of being complete; perfection.

Watts.

Completing

COMPLE'TING, participle of the present tense Finishing; perfecting; accomplishing.

Completion

COMPLE'TION, noun Fulfilment; accomplishment.

There was a full entire harmony and consent in the divine predictions, receiving their completion in Christ.

South.

2. Act of completing; state of being complete; utmost extent; perfect state; as, the gentleman went to the university for the completion of his education or studies.

The completion of a bad character is to hate a good man.

Anon.

Completive

COMPLE'TIVE, adjective Filling; making complete.

Harris.

Completory

COM'PLETORY, adjective Fulfilling; accomplishing.

Barrow.

Completory

COM'PLETORY, noun The evening service; the complin of the Romish church.

Hooper.

Complex

COM'PLEX, or COMPLEX'ED, adjective [Latin complexus, complex, embracing, from complector, to embrace; con and plecto, to weave, or twist; Greek; Latin plico; Welsh plygu; Armoric plega; French plier; Italian piegare; Spanish plegar; Dutch plooijen, to fold, bend, or double.]

1. Composed of two or more parts or things; composite; not simple; including two or more particulars connected; as a complex being; a complex idea; a complex term.

Ideas made up of several simple ones, I call complex; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, the universe.

Locke.

2. Involved; difficult; as a complex subject.

Complex

COM'PLEX, noun Assemblage; collection; complication. [Little used.]

This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole complex of all the blessings and privileges of the gospel.

South.

Complexedness

COMPLEX'EDNESS, noun Complication; involution of parts in one integral; compound state; as the complexedness of moral ideas.

Locke.

Complexion

COMPLEX'ION, noun complex'yon. Involution; a complex state. [Little used.]

Watts.

2. The color of the skin, particularly of the face; the color of the external parts of a body or thing; as a fair complexion; a dark complexion; the complexion of the sky.

3. The temperament, habitude, or natural disposition of the body; the peculiar cast of the constitution, which gives it a particular physical character; a medical term, but used to denote character, or description; as, men of this or that complexion.

'Tis ill, though different your complexions are,

The family of heaven for men should war.

Dryden.

Complexional

COMPLEX'IONAL, adjective Depending on or pertaining to complexion; as complexional efflorescencies; complexional prejudices.

Brown. Fiddes.

Complexionally

COMPLEX'IONALLY, adverb By complexion.

Brown.

Complexionary

COMPLEX'IONARY, adjective Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it.

Taylor.

Complexioned

COMPLEX'IONED, adjective Having a certain temperament or state.

Addison.

Complexity

COMPLEX'ITY, noun The state of being complex; complexness.

Burke.

Complexly

COM'PLEXLY, adverb In a complex manner; not simply.

Complexness

COM'PLEXNESS, noun The state of being complex or involved.

Smith.

Complexure

COMPLEX'URE, noun The involution or complication of one thing with others.

Compliable

COMPLI'ABLE, adjective [See Comply.] That can bend or yield.

Milton.

Compliance

COMPLI'ANCE, noun [See Comply.] The act of complying; a yielding, as to a request, wish, desire, demand or proposal; concession; submission.

Let the king meet compliance in your looks, A free and ready yielding to his wishes.

Rowe.

2. A disposition to yield to others.

He was a man of few words and great compliance.

Clarendon.

3. Obedience; followed by with; as compliance with a command, or precept.

4. Performance; execution; as a compliance with the conditions of a contract.

Compliant

COMPLI'ANT, adjective Yielding, bending; as the compliant boughs. [See Pliant, which is generally used.]

Milton.

2. Yielding to request or desire; civil; obliging.

Compliantly

COMPLI'ANTLY, adverb In a yielding manner.

Complicacy

COM'PLICACY, noun A state of being complex or intricate.

Mitford.

Complicate

COM'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin complico; con and plico, to fold, weave or knit. See Complex.]

1. Literally, to interweave; to fold and twist together. Hence, to make complex; to involve; to entangle; to unite or connect mutually or intimately, as different things or parts; followed by with.

Our offense against God hath been complicated with injury to men.

Tillotson.

So we say, a complicated disease; a complicated affair.

Commotion in the parts may complicate and dispose them after the manner requisite to make them stick.

Boyle.

2. To make intricate.

Complicate

COM'PLICATE, adjective Complex; composed of two or more parts united.

Though the particular actions of war are complicate in fact, yet they are separate and distinct in right.

Bacon.

2. In botany, folded together, as the valves of the glume or chaff in some grasses.

Martyn.

Complicated

COM'PLICATED, participle passive Interwoven; entangled; involved; intricate; composed of two or more things or parts united.

Complicately

COM'PLICATELY, adverb In a complex manner.

Complicateness

COM'PLICATENESS, noun The state of being complicated; involution; intricacy; perplexity.

Hale.

Complicating

COM'PLICATING, participle of the present tense Interweaving; infolding; uniting.

Complication

COMPLICA'TION, noun The act of interweaving, or involving two or more things or parts; the state of being interwoven, involved or intimately blended.

The notions of a confused knowledge are always full of perplexity and complications.

Wilkins.

2. The integral consisting of many things involved or interwoven, or mutually united.

By admitting a complication of ideasÃ‚--the mind is bewildered.

Watts.

Complice

COM'PLICE, noun [Italian complice; French Portugese Spanish id.; Latin complico, complicitum, complices. See Complicate and Complex.]

One who is united with another in the commission of a crime, or in an ill design; an associate or confederate in some unlawful act or design; an accomplice. The latter is now used. [See Accomplice.]

Shak. Clarendon.

Complied

COMPLI'ED, preterit tense of comply.

Complier

COMPLI'ER, noun One who complies, yields or obeys; a person of ready compliance; a man of an easy, yielding temper.

Swift.

Compliment

COM'PLIMENT, noun [French id.; Italian complimento; Spanish cumplimiento, completion, perfection, compliment; Portugese comprimento, length, fulfilment, compliment, obliging words, from the verb comprir, to fulfil, to perform; Spanish cumplir; Italian compiere; Latin compleo. See Complete.]

1. An expression of civility, respect or regard; as, to send, or make one's compliments to an absent friend. In this application, the plural is always used.

He observed few compliments in matter of arms.

Sidney.

2. A present or favor bestowed. My friend made me a compliment of Homer's Iliad.

Compliment

COM'PLIMENT, verb transitive To praise; to flatter by expressions of approbation, esteem or respect.

MonarchsÃ‚--

Should compliment their foes, and shun their friends.

Prior.

She compliments Menelaus very handsomely.

Pope.

2. To congratulate; as, to compliment a prince on the birth of a son.

3. To bestow a present; to manifest kindness or regard for, by a present or other favor.

He complimented us with tickets for the exhibition.

Compliment

COM'PLIMENT, verb intransitive To pass compliments; to use ceremony, or ceremonious language.

I make the interlocutors upon occasion compliment with each other.

Boyle.

Complimental

COMPLIMENT'AL, adjective Expressive of civility or respect; implying compliments.

LanguagesÃ‚--grow rich and abundant in complimental phrases, and such froth.

Wotton.

Complimentally

COMPLIMENT'ALLY, adverb In the nature of a compliment; by way of civility, or ceremony.

Broome.

Complimenter

COM'PLIMENTER, noun One who compliments; one given to compliments; a flatterer.

Johnson.

Compline

COM'PLINE, or COM'PLIN, noun [French complie; Italian compieta; from Latin compleo, complendo, completus.]

The last division of the Romish breviary; the last prayer at night, to be recited after sun-set; so called because it closes the service of the day.

Johnson. Encyc. Taylor.

Complish

COMPLISH, for accomplish, is not now used.

Spenser.

Complot

COM'PLOT, noun [con or com and plot.] A plotting together; a joint plot; a plot; a confederacy in some evil design; a conspiracy.

I know their complot is to have my life.

Shak.

Complot

COMPLOT', verb transitive To plot together; to conspire; to form a plot; to join in a secret design, generally criminal.

We find them complotting together, and contriving a new scene of miseries to the Trojans.

Pope.

Complotment

COMPLOT'MENT, noun A plotting together; conspiracy.

King.

Complotted

COMPLOT'TED, participle passive Plotted together; contrived.

Complotter

COMPLOT'TER, noun One joined in a plot; a conspirator.

Dryden.

Complotting

COMPLOT'TING, participle of the present tense Plotting together; conspiring; contriving an evil design or crime.

Comply

COMPLY', verb intransitive pret. complied. [The Italian compiacere, to humor, to comply, is the Latin complaceo, French complaire. The Spanish cumplir is from compleo, for it is rendered, to discharge one's duty, to provide or supply, to reach one's birth day, to fulfil one's promise, to be fit or convenient, to suffice. The Portuguese changes l into r; comprir, to fulfil, to perform; hence, comprimento, a complement, and a compliment. Comply seems to be from the Spanish cumplir, or Latin compleo; formed like supply, from suppleo. It is followed by with.]

1. To comply with, to fulfil; to perfect or carry into effct; to complete; to perform or execute; as, to comply with a promise, with an award, with a command, with an order. So to comply with one's expectations or wishes, is to fulfil them, or complete them.

2. To yield to; to be obsequious; to accord; to suit; followed by with; as, to comply with a man's humor.

The truth of things will not comply with our conceits.

Tillotson.

Complying

COMPLY'ING, with, participle of the present tense Fulfilling; performing; yielding to.

Compone

COMPO'NE. or COMPO'NED. In heraldry, a bordure compone is that formed or composed of a row of angular parts or checkers of two colors.

Component

COMPO'NENT, adjective [Latin componens, compono; con and pono, to place.]

Literally, setting or placing together; hence, composing; constituting; forming a compound; as the component parts of a plant or fossil substance; the component parts of a society.

Comport

COMPO'RT, verb intransitive [Italian comportare; French comporter; Spanish Portugese comportar; con and Latin porto, to bear. See Bear. It is followed by with.]

To comport with, literally, to bear to or with; to carry together. Hence, to agree with; to suit; to accord; as, to consider how far our charity may comport with our prudence. His behavior does not comport with his station.

Comport

COMPO'RT, verb transitive With the reciprocal pronoun, to behave; to conduct.

It is curious to observe how lord SomersÃ‚--comported himself on that occasion. Burke, [Little used.]

2. To bear; to endure; as in French, Spanish and Italian. [Not used.]

Daniel.

Comport

COM'PORT, noun Behavior; conduct; manner of acting.

I knew them well, and marked their rude comport.

Dryden.

This word is rarely or never used, but may he admissible in poetry. We now use deportment. The accent, since Shakspeare's time, has been transferred to the first syllable.

Comportable

COMPO'RTABLE, adjective Suitable; consistent.

We cast the rules of this art into some comportable method.

Wotton.

Comportance

COMPO'RTANCE, noun Behavior; deportment. Obs.

Spenser.

Comportation

COMPORTA'TION, noun An assemblage. [Not used.]

Bp. Richardson.

Comportment

COMPO'RTMENT, noun Behavior; demeanor; manner of acting. [Not now used.]

Hale. Addison.

Compos mentis. [Latin con and pos, from the root of possum, potis.] Possessed of mind; in a sound state of mind.

Compose

COMPO'SE, verb transitive s as z. [French composer; Armoric composi; from the participle of the Latin compono, compositus; con and pono, positus, to set, put or lay, French poser, and in a different dialect, to put; Spanish componer; Italian comporre.] Literally, to place or set together. Hence,

1. To form a compound, or one entire body or thing, by uniting two or more things, parts, or individuals; as, to compose an army of raw soldiers; the parliament of German Britain is composed of two houses, lords and commons; the senate of the U. States is composed of two senators from each state.

Zeal ought to be composed of the highest degrees of all pious affections.

Spratt.

2. To invent and put together words and sentences; to make, as a discourse or writing; to write, as an author; as, to compose a sermon, or a book.

3. To constitute, or form, as parts of a whole; as, letters compose syllables, syllables compose words, words compose sentences.

A few useful things, confounded with many trifles, fill their memories, and compose their intellectual possessions.

Watts.

4. To calm; to quiet; to appease; to tranquilize; that is, to set or lay; as, to compose passions, fears, disorders, or whatever is agitated or excited.

5. To settle; to adjust; as, to compose differences.

6. To place in proper form, or in a quiet state.

In a peaceful grave my corpse compose.

Dryden.

7. To settle into a quiet state.

The sea composes itself to a level surface. It requires about two days to compose it after a gale.

8. To dispose; to put in a proper state for any purpose.

The army seemed well composed to obtain that by their swords which they could not by their pen.

Clarendon.

9. In printing, to set types or characters in a composing stick, from a copy, arranging the letters in the proper order.

10. In music, to form a tune or piece of music with notes, arranging them on the stave in such a manner as when sung to produce harmony.

Composed

COMPO'SED, participle passive Set together, or in due order; formed; constituted; calmed; quieted; settled; adjusted.

2. adjective Calm; sedate; quiet; tranquil; free from agitation.

The Mantuan there in sober triumph sat,

Composed his posture, and his look sedate.

Pope.

Composedly

COMPO'SEDLY, adverb Calmly; seriously; sedately.

The man very composedly answered, I am he.

Clarendon.

Composedness

COMPO'SEDNESS, noun A state of being composed; calmness; sedateness; tranquility.

Wilkins.

Composer

COMPO'SER, noun One who composes; one who writes an original work, as distinguished from a compiler; an author; also, one who forms tunes, whether he adapts them to particular words or not.

2. One who quiets or calms; one who adjusts a difference.

Composing

COMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Placing together; forming; constituting; writing an original work; quieting; settling; adjusting; setting types.

Composing-Stick

COMPO'SING-STICK, noun Among printers, an instrument on which types are set from the cases, adjusted to the length of the lines.

Composite

COMPOS'ITE, adjective In architecture, the Composite order is the last of the five orders of columns; so called because its capital is composed out of those of the other orders or columns, borrowing a quarter-round from the Tuscan and Doric, a row of leaves from the Corinthian, and volutes from the Ionic. Its cornice has simple modillions or dentils. It is called also the Roman or the Italic order.

Encyc.

Composite numbers are such as can be measured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or 3; so that 4 is the lowest composite number. Composite numbers between themselves, are those which have a common measure besides unity; as 12 and 15, both which are measured by 3.

Encyc.

Composition

COMPOSI'TION, noun s as z. In a general sense, the act of composing, or that which is composed; the act of forming a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting different things, parts or ingredients; or the whole body, mass or compound, thus formed. Thus we speak of the composition of medicines, by mixing divers ingredients, and call the whole mixture a composition. A composition of sand and clay is used for luting chimical vessels.

Vast pillars of stone, cased over with a composition that looks like marble.

Addison.

Heat and vivacity, in age, is an excellent composition for business.

Bacon.

2. In literature, the act of inventing or combining ideas, clothing them with words, arranging them in order, and in general, committing them to paper, or otherwise writing them. Hence,

3. A written or printed work; a writing, pamphlet or book.

Addison.

4. In music, the act or art of forming tunes; or a tune, song, anthem, air, or other musical piece.

5. The state of being placed together; union; conjunction; combination.

Contemplate things first in their simple natures, and then view them in composition.

Watts.

6. The disposition or arrangement of figures connected in a picture.

By composition is meant the distribution and orderly placing of things, both in general and particular.

Dryden.

7. Adjustment; orderly disposition. Ben Jonson speaks of the composition of gesture, look, pronunciation and motion, in a preacher.

8. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement of a difference or controversy.

Thus we are agreed;

I crave our composition may be written.

Shak.

9. Mutual agreement for the discharge of a debt, on terms or by means different from those required by the original contract, or by law, as by the payment of a different sum, or by making other compensation. Hence, the sum so paid, or compensation given, in lieu of that stipulated or required.

A real composition is when an agreement is made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with the consent of the ordinary and the patron, that such lands shall for the future be discharged from the payment of tithes, by reason of some land or other real recompense given to the parson, in lieu and satisfaction thereof.

Blackstone.

A bankrupt is cleared by a commission of bankruptcy, or by composition with his creditors.

10. Consistency; congruity. [Little used.]

Shak.

11. The act of uniting simple ideas in a complex idea or conception; opposed to analysis.

Newton.

12. The joining of two words in a compound, as in book-case; or the act of forming a word with a prefix or affix, which varies its signification; as return, from turn; preconcert, from concert; endless from end.

13. The synthetical method of reasoning; synthesis; a method of reasoning from known or admitted truths or principles, as from axioms, postulates or propositions previously demonstrated, and from these deducing a clear knowledge of the thing to be proved; or the act of collecting scattered parts of knowledge, and combining them into a system, so that the understanding is enabled distinctly to follow truth through its different stages of gradation. This method of reasoning is opposed to analysis or resolution. It begins with first principles, and by a train of reasoning from them, deduces the propositions or truths sought. Composition or synthesis proceeds by collecting or combining; analysis or resolution, by separating or unfolding.

Harris. Encyc.

14. In printing, the act of setting types or characters in the composing-stick, to form lines, and of arranging the lines in a galley, to make a column or page, and from this to make a form.

15. In chimistry, the combination of different substances, or substances of different natures, by affinity; from which results a compound substance, differing in properties from either of the component parts. Thus water is a composition of hydrogen and oxygen, which are invisible gases.

Compositor

COMPOS'ITOR, noun s as z.. In printing, one who sets types, and makes up the pages and forms.

2. One who sets in order.

Compossible

COMPOS'SIBLE, adjective [con and possible.] Consistent. [Not used.]

Chillingworth.

Compost

COM'POST, noun [Italian composta; Latin compositum, from compono. See Compose.]

In agriculture, a mixture or composition of various manuring substances for fertilizing land. Compost may be made by almost every animal and vegetable substance in nature, with lime or other earthy matter.

Compost

COM'POST, verb transitive To manure with compost.

Bacon.

Composture

COMPOS'TURE, noun Soil; manure. [Not used.]

Shak.

Composure

COMPO'SURE, noun compÃƒ-³zhur. [See Compose.]

1. The act of composing, or that which is composed; a composition; as a form of prayer of public composure; a hasty composure.

In the composures of men, remember you are a man.

Watts.

In this use, this word has given way to composition.

2. Composition; combination; arrangement; order. [Little used.]

When such a composure of letters, such a word, is intended to signify a certain thing.

Holder.

3. The form, adjustment, or disposition of the various parts.

In composure of his face,

Lived a fair but manly grace.

Crashaw.

The outward form and composure of the body.

Duppa.

4. Frame; make; temperament.

His composure must be rare indeed,

Whom these things cannot blemish.

Shak.

5. A settled state of the mind; sedateness; calmness; tranquility.

When the passions are silent, the mind enjoys its most perfect composure.

Watts.

[This is the most common use of this word.]

6. Agreement; settlement of differences; composition. [Little used.]

The treaty at Uxbridge gave the fairest hopes of a happy composure.

King Charles.

Compotation

COMPOTA'TION, noun [Latin compotatio; con and potatio, from poto, to drink.]

The act of drinking or tippling together.

Brown. Philips.

Compotator

COM'POTATOR, noun One who drinks with another.

Pope.

Compound

COMPOUND', verb transitive [Latin compono; con and pono, to set or put; Spanish componer; Italian comporre, for componere; Portugese compor.]

1. To mix or unite two or more ingredients in one mass or body; as, to compound drugs.

Whoever compoundeth any like itÃ‚--shall be cut off from his people. Exodus 30.

2. To unite or combine.

We have the power of altering and compounding images into all the varieties of picture.

Addison.

3. To compose; to constitute. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. In grammar, to unite two or more words; to form one word of two or more.

5. To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; as a difference or controversy.

Bacon. Shak.

[In this sense we now use compose.]

6. To pay by agreement; to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part, or giving an equivalent different from that stipulated or required; as, to compound debts.

Gay.

But we now use, more generally, to compound with. [See the Verb Intransitive.]

To compound felony, is for a person robbed to take the goods again, or other compensation, upon an agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber. This offense is, by the laws of England, punishable by fine and imprisonment.

Blackstone.

Compound

COMPOUND', verb intransitive To agree upon concession; to come to terms of agreement, by abating something of the first demand; followed by for before the thing accepted or remitted.

They were glad to compound for his bare commitment to the tower.

Clarendon.

2. To bargain in the lump; to agree; followed by with.

Compound with this fellow by the year.

Shak.

3. To come to terms, by granting something on each side; to agree.

Cornwall compounded to furnish ten oxen for thirty pounds.

Carew.

Paracelsus and his admirers have compounded with the Galenists, and brought into practice a mixed use of chimical medicines.

Temple.

4. To settle with a creditor by agreement, and discharge a debt by paying a part of its amount; or to make an agreement to pay a debt by means or in a manner different from that stipulated or required by law. A bankrupt may compound with his creditors for ten shillings on the pound, or fifty cents on the dollar. A man may compound with a parson to pay a sum of money in lieu of tithes. [See Composition, No. 9.]

To compound with a felon, is to take the goods stolen, or other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute him.

Blackstone.

Compound

COM'POUND, adjective Composed of two or more ingredients.

Compound substances are made up of two or more simple substances.

Watts.

2. In grammar, composed of two or more words. Ink-stand, writing-desk, carelessness, are compound words.

3. In botany, a compound flower is a species of aggregate flower, containing several florets, inclosed in a common perianth, on a common receptacle, with the anthers connected in a cylinder, as in the sunflower and dandelion.

Martyn. Harris.

A compound stem is one that divides into branches.

A compound leaf connects several leaflets in one petiole, called a common petiole.

A compound raceme is composed of several racemules or small racemes.

A compound spike is composed of several spicules or spikelets.

A compound corymb is formed of several small corymbs.

A compound umbel is one which has all its rays or peduncles bearing umbellules or small umbels at the top.

A compound fructification consists of several confluent florets; opposed to simple.

4. Compound interest, is interest upon interest; when the interest of a sum is added to the principal, and then bears interest; or when the interest of a sum is put upon interest.

5. Compound motion, is that which is effected by two or more conspiring powers, acting in different but not in opposite directions.

6. Compound number, is that which may be divided by some other number besides unity, without a remainder; as 18, which may be divided by 2, 6 and 9.

7. Compound ratio, is that which the product of the antecedents of two or more ratios has to the product of their consequents. Thus 6 to 72 is in a ratio compounded of 2 to 6, and of 3 to 12.

8. Compound quantities, in algebra, are such as are joined by the signs + and Ã‚-- plus and minus, and expressed by more letters than one, or by the same letters unequally repeated. Thus a+bÃ‚--c, and bbÃ‚--b, are compound quantities.

Bailey.

9. Compound larceny, is that which is accompanied with the aggravation of taking goods from one's house or person.

Blackstone.

Compound

COM'POUND, noun A mass or body formed by the union or mixture of two or more ingredients or different substances; the result of composition.

Man is a compound of flesh and spirit.

South.

Mortar is a compound of lime, sand and water.

Compoundable

COMPOUND'ABLE, adjective Capable of being compounded.

Sherwood.

Compounded

COMPOUND'ED, participle passive Made up of different materials; mixed; formed by union of two or more substances.

Compounder

COMPOUND'ER, noun One who compounds or mixes different things.

2. One who attempts to bring parties to terms of agreement. [Little used.

Swift.

Compounding

COMPOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting different substances in one body or mass; forming a mixed body; agreeing by concession, or abatement of demands; discharging a debt by agreement to pay less than the original sum, or in a different manner.

Comprehend

COMPREHEND', verb transitive [Latin comprehendo; con and prehendo, to seize or grasp; Italian comprendere, prendere; Spanish Portugese comprehender, prender; French comprendre, prendre. This word is a compound of the Latin con and proe, and the Saxon hendan or hentan, to take or seize; ge-hentan, id. Hence forehend, in Spenser.]

Literally, to take in; to take with, or together.

1. To contain; to include; to comprise.

The empire of Great Britain comprehends England, Scotland and Ireland, with their dependencies.

2. To imply; to contain or include by implication or construction.

If there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Romans 13.

3. To understand; to conceive; that is, to take, hold or contain in the mind; to possess or to have in idea; according to the popular phrase, "I take your meaning."

God doeth great things, which we cannot comprehend. Job 37.

It is not always safe to disbelieve a proposition or statement, because we do not comprehend it.

Comprehended

COMPREHEND'ED, participle passive Contained; included; implied; understood.

Comprehending

COMPREHEND'ING, participle of the present tense Including; comprising; understanding; implying.

Comprehensible

COMPREHEN'SIBLE, adjective [Latin comprehensibilis.]

1. That may be comprehended, or included; possible to be comprised.

2. Capable of being understood; intelligible; conceivable by the mind.

Comprehensibleness

COMPREHEN'SIBLENESS, noun Capability of being understood.

More.

Comprehensibly

COMPREHEN'SIBLY, adverb With great extent of embrace, or comprehension; with large extent of signification; in a manner to comprehend a large circuit.

The words wisdom and righteousness are commonly used very comprehensibly, so as to signify all religion and virtue.

Tillotson.

This word is rarely used. [See Comprehensively.]

Comprehension

COMPREHEN'SION, noun [Latin comprehensio.] The act or quality of comprehending, or containing; a comprising.

In the Old Testament there is a close comprehension of the New; in the New, an open discovery of the Old.

Hooker.

2. An including or containing within a narrow compass; a summary; an epitome or compend.

This wise and religious aphorism in the text, is the sum and comprehension of all the ingredients of human happiness.

Rogers.

3. Capacity of the mind to understand; power of the understanding to receive and contain ideas; capacity of knowing.

The nature of spirit is not within our comprehension.

4. In rhetoric, a trope or figure, by which the name of a whole is put for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite number for an indefinite.

Harris.

Comprehensive

COMPREHEN'SIVE, adjective Having the quality of comprising much, or including a great extent; extensive; as a comprehensive charity; a comprehensive view. It seems sometimes to convey the sense of comprehending much in a small compass.

2. Having the power to comprehend or understand many things at once; as a comprehensive head.

Pope.

Comprehensively

COMPREHEN'SIVELY, adverb In a comprehensive manner; with great extent of embrace.

Comprehensiveness

COMPREHEN'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being comprehensive, or of including much extent; as the comprehensiveness of a view.

2. The quality of including much in a few words or narrow compass.

Compare the beauty and comprehensiveness of legends on ancient coins.

Addison.

Comprehensor

COMPREHEN'SOR, noun One who has obtained knowledge. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Compresbyterial

COMPRESBYTE'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to the presbyterian form of ecclesiastical ministration.

Milton.

Compress

COMPRESS', verb transitive [Latin compressus, comprimo; con and premo, pressus, to press. But the verb premo and participle pressus may be from different roots. French presser; Dutch pressen; Spanish apretar, and prensar. See Press.]

1. To press together by external force; to force, urge or drive into a narrower compass; to crowd; as, to compress air.

The weight of a thousand atmospheres will compress water twelve and a half per cent.

Perkins.

2. To embrace carnally.

Pope.

3. To crowd; to bring within narrow limits or space.

Events of centuriesÃ‚--compressed within the compass of a single life.

Dutch Webster.

Compress

COM'PRESS, noun In surgery, a bolster of soft linen cloth, with several folds, used by surgeons to cover a plaster or dressing, to keep it in its place and defend the part from the external air.

Encyc.

Compressed

COMPRESS'ED, participle passive Pressed or squeezed together; forced into a narrow or narrower compass; embraced carnally.

2. In botany, flatted; having the two opposite sides plane or flat; as a compressed stem.

Martyn.

Compressibility

COMPRESSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being compressible, or yielding to pressure; the quality of being capable of compression into a smaller space or compass; as the compressibility of elastic fluids, or of any soft substance.

Compressible

COMPRESS'IBLE, adjective Capable of being forced or driven into a narrower compass; yielding to pressure; giving way to a force applied.

Elastic fluids are compressible. Water is compressible in a small degree.

Compressibleness

COMPRESS'IBLENESS, noun Compressibility; the quality of being compressible.

Compression

COMPRES'SION, noun The act of compressing, or of pressing into a narrower compass; the act of forcing the parts of a body into closer union, or density, by the application of force.

2. The state of being compressed.

Compressive

COMPRES'SIVE, adjective Having power to compress.

Smith.

Compressure

COMPRES'SURE, noun The act or force of one body pressing against another; pressure.

Boyle.

Compriest

COM'PRIEST, noun A fellow priest. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Comprint

COMPRINT', verb intransitive [See Print.] To print together. It is taken, in law, for the deceitful printing of another's copy, or book, to the prejudice of the proprietor. [Little used.]

Philips.

Comprisal

COMPRI'SAL, noun The act of comprising or comprehending.

Barrow.

Comprise

COMPRI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [French compris, participle of comprendre, Latin comprehendo. See Comprehend.]

To comprehend; to contain; to include; as, the substance of a discourse may be comprised in a few words.

Comprised

COMPRI'SED, participle passive Comprehended; contained.

Comprising

COMPRI'SING, participle of the present tense Containing; including; comprehending.

Comprobate

COM'PROBATE, verb intransitive To agree in approving; to concur in testimony.

Elyot.

Comprobation

COMPROBA'TION, noun [Latin comprobatio, comprobo; con and probo, to prove.]

Proof; joint attestation. [Little used.]

Brown.

Compromise

COM'PROMISE, noun s as z. [Latin compromissum, from compromitto, to give bond to stand to an award; con and promitto, to promise; Italian compromesso; French compromis; Spanish compromiso. See Promise.]

4. A mutual promise or contract of two parties in controversy, to refer their differences to the decision of arbitrators.

2. An amicable agreement between parties in controversy, to settle their differences by mutual concessions.

3. Mutual agreement; adjustment.

Chipman.

[This is its usual signification.]

Compromise

COM'PROMISE, verb transitive To adjust and settle a difference by mutual agreement, with concessions of claims by the parties; to compound.

2. To agree; to accord.

Shak.

3. To commit; to put to hazard; to pledge by some act or declaration.

[In this sense, see Compromit, which is generally used.]

Compromised

COM'PROMISED, participle passive Settled by agreement with mutual concessions.

Compromiser

COM'PROMISER, noun One who compromises.

Compromising

COM'PROMISING, participle of the present tense Adjusting by agreement.

Compromissorial

COMPROMISSO'RIAL, adjective Relating to a compromise.

Todd.

Compromit

COM'PROMIT, verb transitive [French compromettre; Italian compromettere; Spanish comprometer; Latin compromitto, com and promitto, to promise.]

To pledge or engage, by some act or declaration, which may not be a direct promise, but which renders necessary some future act. Hence, to put to hazard, by some previous act or measure, which cannot be recalled; as, to compromit the honor or the safety of a nation.

Compromited

COM'PROMITED, participle passive Pledged by some previous act or declaration.

Compromiting

COM'PROMITING, participle of the present tense Pledging; exposing to hazard.

Comprovincial

COMPROVIN'CIAL, noun [con and provincial.]

One belonging to the same province or archi-episcopal jurisdiction.

Ayliffe.

Compt

COMPT, noun [French compte, from computo.] Account; computation. Obs.

Shak.

Compt

COMPT, verb transitive To compute. Obs. [See Count.]

Compt

COMPT, adjective [Latin comptus.] Neat; spruce. [Not used.]

Comptible

COMPT'IBLE, adjective Accountable; subject; submissive. Obs.

Shak.

Comptly

COMPT'LY, adverb Neatly. [Not in use.]

Sherwood.

Comptness

COMPT'NESS, noun Neatness. [Not in use.]

Sherwood.

Comptonite

COMP'TONITE, noun A newly discovered mineral, found in drusy cavities of masses ejected from Mount Vesuvius; so called from Lord Compton, who brought it to England in 1818.

Ure.

Comptroll

COMPTROLL, from French compter, Latin computo, to count or compute, and rolle, a register. If this word were of genuine origin, both the verb and its derivative, comptroller, as applied to a public officer, would not be sense. But there is no such legitimate word in English, nor in any other known language. [See Control.]

Compulsative

COMPULS'ATIVE, or COMPULS'ATORY, adjective [Latin compulsus, from compello; Low Latin compulso. See Compel.]

Compelling; forcing; constraining; operating by force.

Shak.

Compulsatively

COMPULS'ATIVELY, adverb By constraint or compulsion.

Compulsion

COMPUL'SION, noun [Low Latin compulsio. See Compel.]

1. The act of driving or urging by force, physical or moral; force applied; constraint of the will; the application of a force that is irresistible.

If reasons were as plenty as blackberries, I would give no man a reason on compulsion.

Shak.

A man is excused for acts done through unavoidable force and compulsion.

Blackstone.

2. The state of being compelled or urged by violence.

Compulsive

COMPUL'SIVE, adjective Having power to compel; driving; forcing; constraining; applying force.

Uniformity of opinions cannot be effected by compulsive measures.

Compulsively

COMPUL'SIVELY, adverb By compulsion; by force.

Compulsiveness

COMPUL'SIVENESS, noun Force; compulsion.

Compulsorily

COMPULS'ORILY, adverb In a compulsory manner; by force or constraint.

Compulsory

COMPULS'ORY, adjective Having the power or quality of compelling; applying force; driving by violence; constraining.

In the correction of vicious propensities, it may be necessary to resort to compulsory measures.

Compunction

COMPUNC'TION, noun [Latin compunctio, compungo; con and pungo, to prick or sting; Italian compunzione, compugnere, or compungere; Spanish compuncion; French componction. See Pungency.]

1. A pricking; stimulation; irritation; seldom used in a literal sense.

Brown.

2. A pricking of heart; poignant grief or remorse proceeding from a consciousness of guilt; the pain of sorrow or regret for having offended God, and incurred his wrath; the sting of conscience proceeding from a conviction of having violated a moral duty.

He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions of great compunction.

Clarendon.

Compunctious

COMPUNC'TIOUS, adjective Pricking the conscience; giving pain for offenses committed.

Let no compunctious visitings of nature

Shake my fell purpose.

Shak.

Compunctive

COMPUNC'TIVE, adjective Causing remorse.

Johnson.

Compupil

COMPU'PIL, noun A fellow-pupil. [Little used.]

Walton.

Compurgation

COMPURGA'TION, noun [Latin compurgo; con and purgo, to purify.]

In law, the act or practice of iustifying a man by the oath of others who swear to their belief of his veracity; wager of law, in which a man who has given security to make his law, brings into court eleven of his neighbors, and having made oath himself that he does not owe the plaintiff, the eleven neighbors, called compurgators, avow on their oaths that they believe in their consciences he has affirmed the truth.

Blackstone.

Compurgator

COMPURGA'TOR, noun One who bears testimony or swears to the veracity or innocence of another. [See Compurgation.]

Computable

COMPU'TABLE, adjective [See Compute.] Capable of being computed, numbered or reckoned.

Hale.

Computation

COMPUTA'TION, noun [Latin computatio, from computo. See Compute.]

1. The act of computing, numbering, reckoning or estimating; the process by which different sums or particulars are numbered, estimated, or compared, with a view to ascertain the amount, aggregate, or other result depending on such sums or particulars. We find by computation the quantity of provisions necessary to support an army for a year, and the amount of money to pay them; making the ration and pay of each man the basis of the computation. By computations of time or years, we ascertain the dates of events.

2. The sum, quantity or amount ascertained by computing, or reckoning.

We pass for women of fifty: many additional years are thrown into female computations of this nature.

Addison.

3. Calculation.

Compute

COMPU'TE, v.t. [Latin computo; con and puto, to lop or prune; to think, count, reckon; to cast up. The sense is probably to cast or throw together.]

1. To number; to count; to reckon; to cast together several sums or particulars, to ascertain the amount or aggregate. Compute the quantity of water that will fill a vessel of certain dimensions, or that will cover the surface of the earth. Compute the expenses of a campaign. Compute time by weeks or days.

2. To cast or estimate in the mind; to estimate the amount by known or supposed data.

3. To calculate.

Compute

COMPU'TE, noun Computation. [Not used.]

Brown.

Computed

COMPU'TED, participle passive Counted; numbered; reckoned; estimated.

Computer

COMPU'TER, noun One who computes; a reckoner; a calculator.

Swift.

Computing

COMPU'TING, participle of the present tense Counting; numbering; reckoning; estimating.

Computist

COM'PUTIST, noun A computer. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Comrade

COM'RADE, noun [French camarade; Italian camerata; Spanish camarada; Portugese camarada; from camara, camera, a chamber.]

Literally, one who lodges in the same room. Hence in a more general sense, a fellow, a mate or companion; an associate in occupation.

Comrogue

COM'ROGUE, noun A fellow rogue. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Con

CON. A Latin inseparable preposition or prefix to other words. Ainsworth remarks that con and cum have the same signification, but that cum is used separately, and con in composition. Con and cum may be radically distinct words. The Irish comh, or coimh, is equivalent to the Latin con; and the Welsh cym, convertible into cyv, appears to be the same word, denoting, says Owen, a mutual act, quality or effect. It is precisely equivalent to the Latin com, in comparo, compono, and the Latin com, in composition, may be the Celtic comh or cym. But generally it seems to be con, changed into com. Ainsworth deduces cum from the Greek; for originally it was written cyn. But this is probably a mistake.

Con coincides in radical letters and in signification with the Teutonic gain, gen, gean, igen, igien, in the English again, against; Saxon gean, ongean; Swedish igen; Danish igien. Whatever may be its origin or affinities, the primary sense of the word is probably from some root that signifies to meet or oppose, or turn and meet; to approach to, or to be with. This is the radical sense of most prepositions of the like import. See the English with, again. So in Irish, coinne, a meeting; os coinne, opposite.

Con, in compounds, is changed into l before

l, as in colligo, to collect, and into m before a labial, as in comparo, to compare. Before a vowel or h, the n is dropped; as in coalesco, to coalesce, to cooperate; cohibeo, to restrain. It denotes union, as in conjoin; or opposition, as in conflict, contend. Qu. Welsh gan, with.

Con

CON, [abbreviated from Latin contra, against.] In the phrase, pro and con, for and against, con denotes the negative side of a question. As a noun, a person who is in the negative; as the pros and cons.

Con

CON, verb transitive [Saxon cennan, connan, cunnan, to know, to be able, to be skilful or wise; and cennan, to bear or bring forth, Greek; and cunnian, to try, to attempt, to prove, Latin conor; whence cunning, skillful, experienced, or skill, experience; the latter word, cunnian, coincides in sense with Saxon anginnan, onginnan, to begin, to try, to attempt, Latin conor. Dutch kennen, to know, understand or be acquainted; kunnen, to be able, can, to know or understand, to hold or contain; the last signification coinciding with the Welsh ganu, to contain. German kennen, to know; and kÃƒ-¶nnen, to be able. Danish kan, to be able, pret. kunde, whence kundskab, knowledge, skill, experience. Swedish k?nna, to know; kuna, to be able, to be skilled, to know. The primary sense is, to strain or stretch, which gives the sense of strength, power, as in can, and of holding, containing, comprehending, as contain, from contineo, teneo, Greek, Latin tendo. And this signification connects these words with gin, in its compounds, begin, Saxon beginnan, anginnan, &c., to strain, to try, to stretch forward and make an effort; also with the Greek, Latin gignor, to beget or to bring forth. See Class Gn. No. 29. 36. 40. 42. 45. 58. In the sense of know, con signifies to hold or to reach.]

1. To know. Obs.

"I conne no skill."

Spenser.

"I shall not conne answer." I shall not know or be able to answer.

Chaucer.

2. To make one's self master of; to fix in the mind or commit to memory; as, to con a lesson.

Milton. Holder.

To con thanks, to be pleased or obliged, or to thank. Obs.

Chaucer. Shak.

Conatus

CONA'TUS, noun [Latin] Effort; attempt.

Paley.

2. The tendency of a body towards any point, or to pursue its course in the same line of direction.

Paley.

Concamerate

CONCAM'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin concamero, to arch; con and camera, an arch, arched roof, or chamber.]

To arch over; to vault; to lay a concave over; as a concamerated bone.

Grew.

Concamerated

CONCAM'ERATED, participle passive Arched over.

Concameration

CONCAMERA'TION, noun An arching; an arch or vault.

Glanville.

Concatenate

CONCAT'ENATE, verb transitive [Italian concatenare, to link together; concatenato; Low Latin concatenatus; con and catena, a chain; Spanish concadenar, and encadenar, from cadena, French cadene, a chain.]

To link together; to unite in a successive series or chain, as things depending on each other.

Harris.

Concatenated

CONCAT'ENATED, participle passive Linked together; united in a series.

Concatenation

CONCATENA'TION, noun A series of links united; a successive series or order of things connected or depending on each other; as a concatenation of causes.

Concause

CONCAUSE, noun Joint cause. [Not used.]

Fotherby.

Concavation

CONCAVA'TION, noun [See Concave.] The act of making concave.

Concave

CON'CAVE, adjective [Latin concavus; con and cavus, hollow. See Cave.]

1. Hollow, and arched or rounded, as the inner surface of a spherical body; opposed to convex; as a coneave glass.

2. Hollow, in a general sense; as the concave shores of the Tiber.

Shak.

3. In botany, a concave leaf is one whose edge stands above the disk.

Martyn.

Concave

CON'CAVE, noun A hollow; an arch, or vault; as the ethereal concave.

Concave

CON'CAVE, verb transitive To make hollow.

Seward.

Concaveness

CON'CAVENESS, noun Hollowness.

Concavity

CONCAV'ITY, noun [Italian concavitÃƒ- ; French concavitÃƒ-©; Spanish concavidad.]

Hollowness; the internal surface of a hollow spherical body, or a body of other figure; or the space within such body.

Wotton.

Concavo-Concave

CONCA'VO-CON'CAVE, adjective Concave or hollow on both surfaces.

Concavo-Convex

CONCA'VO-CON'VEX, adjective Concave on one side, and convex on the other. [See Convex.]

Concavous

CONCA'VOUS, adjective [Latin concavus.] Concave, which see.

Concavously

CONCA'VOUSLY, adverb With hollowness; in a manner to discover the internal surface of a hollow sphere.

Conceal

CONCE'AL, verb transitive [Low Latin concelo; con and celo, to withhold from sight; Saxon helan, hoelan, gehoelan, gehelan, to heal and to conceal; German hehlen, to conceal, and heilen, to heal; Dutch heelen, to heal and to conceal; Danish hoeler, to conceal; Welsh celu, to hide; French celer; Italian celare; Spanish callar, to keep silence, to dissemble, to abate, to grow calm; Portugese calar, to conceal or keep close, to pull or let down, "cala a boca," hold your peace; also intransitive, to be still or quiet, to keep silence; coinciding in origin with whole, all, holy, hold, &c. The primary sense is to strain, hold, stop, restrain, make fast or strong, all from the same root as the Shemitic,, Greek. Class Gl. No. 32. 36.]

1. To keep close or secret; to forbear to disclose; to withhold from utterance or declaration; as, to conceal one's thoughts or opinions.

I have not concealed the words of the Holy One. Job 6.

2. To hide; to withdraw from observation; to cover or keep from sight.

What profit is it if we slay our brother and conceal his blood? Genesis 37.

A party of men concealed themselves behind a wall. A mask conceals the face.

Concealable

CONCE'ALABLE, adjective That may be concealed, hid or kept close.

Brown.

Concealed

CONCE'ALED, participle passive Kept close or secret; hid; withdrawn from sight; covered.

Concealer

CONCE'ALER, noun One who conceals; as the concealer of a crime.

Clarendon.

Concealing

CONCE'ALING, participle of the present tense Keeping close or secret; forbearing to disclose; hiding; covering.

Concealing

CONCE'ALING, noun A hiding; a withholding from disclosure.

Concealment

CONCE'ALMENT, noun Forbearance of disclosure; a keeping close or secret; as the concealment of opinions or passions.

2. The act of hiding, covering, or withdrawing from sight; as the concealment of the face by a mask, or of the person by any cover or shelter.

3. The state of being hid or concealed; privacy; as a project formed in concealment.

4. The place of hiding; a secret place; retreat from observation; cover from sight.

The cleft tree

Offers its kind concealment to a few,

Their food its insects, and its moss their nests.

Thomson.

Concede

CONCE'DE, verb transitive [Latin concedo; con and cedo, to yield, give way, depart, desist; Italian concedere, cedere; Spanish conceder, ceder; French conceder, ceder; Irish ceadaighim; Welsh gadael, and gadaw, to quit or leave, to permit. The preterite cessi indicates that this word may be from a root in Class Gs. See that Class No 67. Samaritan. See also Class Gd., and Cede, and Conge.]

1. To yield; to admit as true, just or proper; to grant; to let pass undisputed; as, this must not be conceded without limitation.

Boyle.

The advocate concedes the point in question.

2. To allow; to admit to be true.

We concede that their citizens were those who lived under different forms.

Burke.

Conceded

CONCE'DED, participle passive Yielded; admitted; granted; as, a question, proposition, fact or statement is conceded.

Conceding

CONCE'DING, participle of the present tense Yielding; admitting; granting.

Conceit

CONCE'IT, noun [Italian concetto; Spanish concepto; Portugese conceito; Latin conceptus, from concipio, to conceive; con and capio, to take or seize.]

1. Conception; that which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea; thought; image.

In laughing there ever precedeth a conceit of somewhat ridiculous, and therefore it is proper to man.

Bacon.

2. Understanding; power or faculty of conceiving; apprehension; as a man of quick conceit. [Nearly antiquated.]

How often did her eyes say to me, that they loved! yet I, not looking for such a matter, had not my conceit open to understand them.

Sidney.

3. Opinion; notion; fancy; imagination; fantastic notion; as a strange or odd conceit.

Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? there is more hope of a fool than of him. Proverbs 26.

4. Pleasant fancy; gayety of imagination.

On the way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go off with a conceit. L'Estrange.

5. A striking thought; affected or unnatural conception.

Some to conceit alone their works confine.

Pope.

6. Favorable or self-flattering opinion; a lofty or vain conception of one's own person or accomplishments.

By a little study and a great conceit of himself, he has lost his religion.

Bentley.

Out of conceit with, not having a favorable opinion of; no longer pleased with; as, a man is out of conceit with his dress. Hence to put one out of conceit with, is to make him indifferent to a thing, or in a degree displeased with it.

Tillotson. Swift.

Conceit

CONCE'IT, verb transitive To conceive; to imagine; to think; to fancy

The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are thereby rendered inactive.

South.

Conceited

CONCE'ITED, participle passive Conceived; imagined; fancied.

2. part. a. Endowed with fancy, or imagination. Obs.

Knolles.

3. adjective Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; having a vain or too high conception of one's own person or accomplishments; vain.

If you think me too conceited,

Or to passion quickly heated.

Swift.

Followed by of before the object of conceit.

The Athenians were conceited of their own wit, science and politeness.

Bentley.

Conceitedly

CONCE'ITEDLY, adverb In a conceited manner; fancifully; whimsically.

Conceitedly dress her.

Donne.

Conceitedness

CONCE'ITEDNESS, noun The state of being conceited; conceit; vanity; an overweening fondness of one's own person or endowments.

Collier.

Conceitless

CONCE'ITLESS, adjective Of dull conception; stupid; dull of apprehension. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Conceivable

CONCE'IVABLE, adjective [French concevable; Italian concepibile; Spanish conceptible. See Conceive.]

1. That may be imagined, or thought; capable of being framed in the mind by the fancy or imagination.

If it were possible to contrive an invention, whereby any conceivable weight may be moved by any conceivable power.

Wilkins.

2. That may be understood or believed.

It is not conceivable, that it should be the very person, whose shape and voice it assumed.

Atterbury.

Conceivableness

CONCE'IVABLENESS, noun The quality of being conceivable.

Conceivably

CONCE'IVABLY, adverb In a conceivable or intelligible manner.

Conceive

CONCE'IVE, verb transitive [French concevoir; Italian concepire; Spanish concebir; Portugese conceber; Latin concipio; con and capio, to take.]

1. To receive into the womb, and breed; to begin the formation of the embryo or fetus of an animal.

Then shall she be free and conceive seed. Numbers 5. Hebrews 11.

Elisabeth hath conceived a son in her old age. Luke 1.

In sin did my mother conceive me. Psalm 51.

2. To form in the mind; to imagine; to devise.

They conceive mischief and bring forth vanity. Job 15.

Nebuchadnezzar hath conceived a purpose against you. Jeremiah 49.

3. To form an idea in the mind; to understand; to comprehend.

We cannot conceive the manner in which spirit operates upon matter.

4. To think; to be of opinion; to have an idea; to imagine.

You can hardly conceive this man to have been bred in the same climate.

Swift.

Conceive

CONCE'IVE, verb intransitive To have a fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become pregnant.

Thou shalt conceive and bear a son. Judges 13.

2. To think; to have a conception or idea.

Conceive of things clearly and distinctly in their own natures.

Watts.

The grieved commons

Hardly conceive of me.

Shak.

3. To understand; to comprehend; to have a complete idea of; as, I cannot conceive by what means this event has been produced.

Conceived

CONCE'IVED, participle passive Formed in the womb; framed in the mind; devised; imagined; understood.

Conceiver

CONCE'IVER, noun One that conceives; one that comprehends.

Conceiving

CONCE'IVING, participle of the present tense Forming a fetus in the womb; framing in the mind; imagining; devising; thinking; comprehending.

Conceiving

CONCE'IVING, noun Apprehension; conception.

Shak.

Concelebrate

CONCEL'EBRATE, verb transitive To celebrate together. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Concent

CONCENT', noun [Latin concentus, from concino, to sing in accordance; con and cano, to sing.]

1. Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; as a concent of notes.

Bacon.

2. Consistency; accordance; as, in concent to a man's own principles.

Atterbury.

Concented

CONCENT'ED, part. a. Made to accord.

Spenser.

Concenter

CONCEN'TER, verb intransitive [French concentrer; Italian concentrare; Spanish and Portugese concentrar; con and Latin centrum, a center; Greek, a goad, a sharp point, a center; to prick or goad. The primary sense is a point.]

To come to a point, or to meet in a common center; used of converging lines, or other things that meet in a point.

All these are like so many lines drawn from several objects, that in some way relate to him, and concenter in him.

Hale.

Concenter

CONCEN'TER, verb transitive To draw, or direct to a common center; to bring to a point; as two or more lines or other things.

The having a part less to animate, will serve to concenter the spirits, and make them more active in the rest.

Decay of Piety.

Concentered

CONCEN'TERED, participle passive Brought to a common center; united in a point.

Concentering

CONCEN'TERING, participle of the present tense Tending to a common center; bringing to a center.

Concentful

CONCENT'FUL, adjective Harmonious.

Fotherby.

Concentrate

CONCEN'TRATE, verb transitive [See Concenter.]

To bring to a common center, or to a closer union; to cause to approach nearer to a point, or center; to bring nearer to each other; as, to concentrate particles of salt by evaporating the water that holds them in solution; to concentrate the troops in an army; to concentrate rays of light into a focus.

Concentrated

CONCEN'TRATED, participle passive Brought to a point or center; brought to a closer union; reduced to a narrow compass; collected into a closer body.

Concentrating

CONCEN'TRATING, participle of the present tense Bringing to a point or to closer union; collecting into a closer body, or narrow compass.

Concentration

CONCENTRA'TION, noun The act of concentrating; the act of bringing nearer together; collection into a central point; compression into a narrow space; the state of being brought to a point.

Note. The verb concentrate is sometimes accented on the first syllable. The reason is, with the primary accent on the first syllable, and a secondary accent on the third, the pronunciation of the participles, concentrating, concentrated, is much facilitated.

Concentric

CONCEN'TRIC, adjective [Italian concentrico; French concentrique; Latin concentricus; con and centrum, center.]

Having a common center; as the concentric coats of an onion; the concentric orbits of the planets.

Concentual

CONCENT'UAL, adjective [from concent.] Harmonious; accordant.

Warton.

Conceptacle

CONCEP'TACLE, noun [Latin conceptaculum, from concipio. See Conceive.]

1. That in which any thing is contained; a vessel; a receiver, or receptacle.

Woodward.

2. In botany, a follicle; a pericarp of one valve, opening longitudinally on one side and having the seeds loose in it.

Martyn.

Conceptible

CONCEP'TIBLE, adjective [See Conceivable.]

That may be conceived; conceivable; intelligible. [Not used.]

Hale.

Conception

CONCEP'TION, noun [Latin conceptio, from concipio. See Conceive. Italian concezione; Spanish concepcion; French conception.]

1. The act of conceiving; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an animal.

I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. Genesis 3.

2. The state of being conceived.

Joy had the like conception in our eyes.

Shak.

3. In pneumatology, apprehension of any thing by the mind; the act of conceiving in the mind; that mental act or combination of acts by which an idea or notion is formed of an absent object of perception, or of a sensation formerly felt. When we see an object with our eyes open, we have a perception of it; when the same object is presented to the mind with the eyes shut, in idea only or in memory, we have a conception of it.

Kaims. Stewart. Encyc.

4. Conception may be sometimes used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when we say, a thing is not within our conception. Some writers have defined conception as a distinct faculty of the mind; but it is considered by others as memory, and perhaps with propriety.

5. Purpose conceived; conception with reference to the performance of an act.

Shak.

6. Apprehension; knowledge.

And as if beasts conceived what reason were,

And that conception should distinctly show.

Davies.

7. Conceit; affected sentiment, or thought.

He is too full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms.

Dryden.

Conceptious

CONCEP'TIOUS, adjective Apt to conceive; fruitful; pregnant. [Not now used.]

Shak.

Conceptive

CONCEP'TIVE, adjective Capable of conceiving. [Little used.]

Brown.

Concern

CONCERN', verb transitive [French concerner; Italian concernere; Spanish concernir; to concern, to regard, to belong to; Latin Latin, concerno; con and cerno, to separate, sift, divide; to see. If this is the true origin, as I suppose, the primary sense is, to reach or extend to, or to look to, as we use regard.]

1. To relate or belong to.

Preaching the kingdom of God and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ. Acts 28.

2. To relate or belong to, in an emphatical manner; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.

Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender interests, and concerned us more than those with any other nation.

Addison.

It much concerns us to secure the favor and protection of God.

Anon.

3. To interest or affect the passions; to take an interest in; to engage by feeling or sentiment.

A good prince concerns himself in the happiness of his subjects.

A kind parent concerns himself in the virtuous education of his children.

They think themselves out of the reach of Providence, and no longer concerned to solicit his favor.

Rogers.

4. To disturb; to make uneasy. [Little used.]

Derham.

5. To intermeddle.

We need not concern ourselves with the affairs of our neighbors.

Concern

CONCERN', noun That which relates or belongs to one; business; affair; a very general term, expressing whatever occupies the time and attention, or affects the interests of a person.

Intermeddle not in the private concerns of a family. Religion is the main concern of a rational being. We have no concern in the private quarrels of our neighbors. The industrious and prudent occupy their time with their own concerns.

2. Interest; importance; moment; that which affects the welfare or happiness.

To live in peace, is a matter of no small concern to a nation.

Mysterious secrets of a high concern,

And weighty truths, solid convincing sense,

Explained by unaffected eloquence.

Roscommon.

3. Affection; regard; careful regard; solicitude; anxiety.

Why all this concern for the poor things of this life?

O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns,

And gentle wishes, follow me to battle.

Addison.

An impenitent man feels no concern for his soul.

Anon.

4. Persons connected in business; or their affairs in general; as a debt due to the whole concern; a loss affecting the whole concern.

Mercantile Usage.

Concerned

CONCERN'ED, participle passive or adjective Interested; engaged; having a connection with that which may affect the interest, welfare or happiness.

All men are concerned in the propagation of truth.

We are concerned in the virtuous education of our children.

2. Interested in business; having connection in business; as, A is concerned with B in the East India trade. Of an advocate or counselor we say, he is concerned in the cause of A against B.

3. Regarding with care; solicitous; anxious; as, we are concerned for the fate of our fleet.

Concernedly

CONCERN'EDLY, adverb With affection or interest.

Clarendon.

Concerning

CONCERN'ING, participle of the present tense Pertaining to; regarding; having relation to.

The Lord hath spoken good concerning Israel. Numbers 10.

I have accepted thee concerning this thing. Genesis 19.

This word has been considered as a preposition, but most improperly: concerning, when so called, refers to a verb, sentence or proposition; as in the first example, the word applies to the preceding affirmation. The Lord hath spoken good, which speaking good is concerning Israel. Concerning, in this case, refers to the first clause of the sentence.

Concernment

CONCERN'MENT, noun The thing in which one is concerned or interested; concern; affair; business; interest.

To mix with thy concernments I desist.

Milton.

Propositions which extend only to the present life, are small, compared with those that have influence upon our everlasting concernments.

Watts.

The great concernment of men is with men.

Locke.

2. A particular bearing upon the interest or happiness of one; importance; moment.

Experimental truths are matters of great concernment to mankind.

Boyle.

3. Concern; interposition; meddling; as, the father had no concernment in the marriage of his daughter. In this sense, we generally use concern.

4. Emotion of mind; solicitude; as, their ambition is manifest in their concernment. In this sense, concern is generally used.

Concert

CONCERT', verb transitive [Italian concertare, to contrive; Spanish concertar, to agree, to adjust, to covenant; Portugese id.; French concerter; from Latin concerto, to strive together; con and certo, to strive. The primary sense is to set or act together.]

To contrive and settle by mutual communication of opinions or propositions; to settle or adjust, as a plan or system to be pursued, by conference or agreement of two or more parties; as, to concert measures; to concert a plan of operations.

Concert

CON'CERT, noun Agreement of two or more in a design or plan; union formed by mutual communication of opinions and views; accordance in a scheme; harmony.

The allies were frustrated for want of concert in their operations.

The Emperor and the Pope acted in concert.

2. A number or company of musicians, playing or singing the same piece of music at the same time; or the music of a company of players or singers, or of both united.

3. A singing in company.

4. Accordance; harmony.

Concertation

CONCERTA'TION, noun Strife; contention. [Little used.]

Concerto

CONCERT'O, noun [Italian] A piece of music for a concert.

Mason.

Concession

CONCES'SION, noun [Latin concessio, from concedo. See Concede.]

1. The act of granting or yielding; usually implying a demand, claim, or request from the party to whom it is made, and thus distinguished from giving, which is voluntary or spontaneous.

The concession of these charters was in a parliamentary way.

Hale.

2. The thing yielded; as, in the treaty of peace, each power made large concessions.

3. In rhetoric or debate, the yielding, granting, or allowing to the opposite party some point or fact that may bear dispute, with a view to obtain something which cannot be denied, or to show that even admitting the point conceded, the cause is not with the adverse party, but can be maintained by the advocate on other grounds.

4. Acknowledgment by way of apology; confession of a fault.

Concessionary

CONCES'SIONARY, adjective Yielding by indulgence or allowance.

Concessive

CONCES'SIVE, adjective Implying concession; as a concessive conjunction.

Lowth.

Concessively

CONCES'SIVELY, adverb By way of concession or yielding; by way of admitting what may be disputable.

Brown.

Concetto

CONCET'TO, noun [Italian See Conceit.] Affected wit; conceit. [Not English, nor in use.]

Shenstone.

Conch

CONCH, noun [Latin concha; Greek; Italian conca; Spanish concha; French conque; probably Welsh cocos, cockles, and perhaps allied to coÃƒ-§iaw, to frown, to knit the brows, that is, to wrinkle. See Cancer.]

A marine shell.

Adds orient pearls, which from the conchs he drew.

Dryden.

Conchiferous

CONCHIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin concha, shell, and fero, to bear.] Producing or having shells.

Conchite

CONCH'ITE, noun A fossil or petrified conch or shell.

Nat. Hist.

Conchoid

CONCH'OID, noun [conch, supra, and Greek, form.]

The name of a curve, given to it by its inventor Nicomedes.

Conchoidal

CONCHOID'AL, adjective In mineralogy, resembling a conch or marine shell; having convex elevations and concave depressions, like shells; as a conchoidal fracture.

Kirwan.

Conchological

CONCHOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Conchology.] Pertaining to conchology.

Conchologist

CONCHOL'OGIST, noun One versed in the natural history of shells or shell-fish; one who studies the nature, properties and habits of shells and their included animals.

Conchology

CONCHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a shell, and, discourse.]

The doctrine or science of shells and shell-fish.

Conchometer

CONCHOM'ETER, noun [Greek, a shell, and, to measure.]

An instrument for measuring shells.

Barnes.

Conchylaceous

CONCHYLA'CEOUS, adjective [from conch.] Pertaining to shells; resembling a shell; as conchylaceous impressions.

Kirwan.

Conchyliologist

CONCHYLIOL'OGIST, or CONCHYLIOL'OGY, from Latin conchylium, a shell-fish, are sometimes used as synonyms of the preceding words; but they are words of inconvenient length, and useless.

Conciator

CON'CIATOR, noun In glass-works, the person who weighs and proportions the salt on ashes and sand, and who works and tempers them.

Encyc.

Conciliable

CONCIL'IABLE, noun [Latin conciliabulum.] A small assembly. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Conciliar

CONCIL'IAR, adjective [from Latin concilium, a council.] Pertaining or relating to a council. [Little used.]

Baker.

Conciliate

CONCIL'IATE, verb transitive [Latin concilio, to draw or bring together, to unite; a compound of con and calo, Greek, to call; Chaldee in Aph., from, or, to hold or keep, to trust, to finish, to call, to thunder; Welsh galw. The primary sense of the root is to strain, stretch, drive or draw. Calling is a straining or driving of voice. See Class Gl. No. 32. 36. 48. 49. and see Council.]

1. To lead or draw to, by moral influence or power; to win, gain or engage, as the affections, favor or good will; as, politeness and hospitality conciliate affection.

2. To reconcile, or bring to a state of friendship, as persons at variance. We say, an attempt has been made to conciliate the contending parties.

Conciliated

CONCIL'IATED, participle passive Won; gained; engaged by moral influence, as by favor or affection; reconciled.

Conciliating

CONCIL'IATING, participle of the present tense Winning; engaging; reconciling.

2. adjective Winning; having the quality of gaining favor; as a conciliating address.

Conciliation

CONCILIA'TION, noun The act of winning or gaining, as esteem, favor or affection; reconciliation.

Conciliator

CONCILIA'TOR, noun One who conciliates or reconciles.

Conciliatory

CONCIL'IATORY, adjective Tending to conciliate, or reconcile; tending to make peace between persons at variance; pacific.

The General made conciliatory propositions to the insurgents.

The Legislature adopted conciliatory measures.

Concinnity

CONCIN'NITY, noun [Latin concinnitas, from concinnus, fit, concinno, to fit or prepare; either from con and cano, to sound in accord; or the last constituent of the word may be the Hebrew and Chaldee to fit or adapt.]

1. Fitness; suitableness; neatness. [Little used.]

2. A jingling of words.

Tyrwhitt.

Concinnous

CONCIN'NOUS, adjective [Latin concinnus. See Concinnity.]

Fit; suitable; agreeable; becoming; pleasant; as a concinnous interval in music; a concinnous system.

Encyc.

Concionator

CONCIONA'TOR, noun [Infra.] A preacher. [Not in use.]

Concionatory

CON'CIONATORY, adjective [Latin concionatorius, from concio, an assembly.]

Used in preaching or discourses to public assemblies.

Howel.

Concise

CONCI'SE, adjective [Latin concisus, cut off, brief, from concido; con and coedo, to cut. See Class Gd. No. 2. 4. 8. 49. 59.]

Brief; short, applied to language or stile; containing few words; comprehensive; comprehending much in few words, or the principal matters only.

The concise stile, which expresseth not enough, but leaves somewhat to be understood.

B. Jonson.

Where the author is too brief and concise, amplify a little.

Watts.

In Genesis, we have a concise account of the creation.

Concisely

CONCI'SELY, adverb Briefly; in few words; comprehensively.

Conciseness

CONCI'SENESS, noun Brevity in speaking or writing.

Conciseness should not be studied at the expense of perspicuity.

Concision

CONCIS'ION, n. s as z. [Low Latin concisio, from concisum, concido, to cut off; Italian concisione.] Literally, a cutting off. Hence,

In seripture, the Jews or those who adhered to circumcision, which, after our Savior's death, was no longer a seal of the covenant, but a mere cutting of the flesh.

Beware of dogs; beware of the concision. Philippians 3.

Concitation

CONCITA'TION, noun [Latin concitatio, from concito, to stir or disturb; con and cito, to stir.]

The act of stirring up, exciting or putting in motion.

Brown.

Concite

CONCI'TE, verb transitive [Latin concito.] To excite. [Not in use.]

Conclamation

CONCLAMA'TION, noun [Latin conclamatio, from conclamo; con and clamo, to cry out. See Claim.]

An outcry or shout of many together, Dict.

Conclave

CON'CLAVE, noun [Latin conclave, an inner room; con and clavis, a key, or from the same root, to make fast.]

1. A private apartment, particularly the room in which the Cardinals of the Romish church meet in privacy, for the election of a Pope. It consists of a range of small cells or apartments, standing in a line along the galleries and hall of the Vatican.

Encyc.

2. The assembly or meeting of the Cardinals, shut up for the election of a Pope.

Encyc.

3. A private meeting; a close assembly.

Garth.

Conclude

CONCLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin concludo; con and claudo or cludo, to shut; Greek, or, contracted; Italian conchiudere; Spanish concluir; Portugese id.; French conclure. The sense is to stop, make fast, shut, or rather to thrust together. Hence in Latin, claudo signifies to halt, or limp, that is, to stop, as well as to shut. See Lid.]

1. To shut.

The very person of ChristÃ‚--was only, touching bodily substance, concluded in the grave.

Hooker.

[This use of the word is uncommon.]

2. To include; to comprehend.

For God hath concluded them all in unbelief. Romans 11.

The scripture hath concluded all under sin. Galatians 3.

The meaning of the word in the latter passage may be to declare irrevocably or to doom.

3. To collect by reasoning; to infer, as from premises; to close an argument by inferring.

Therefore we conclude, that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law. Romans 3.

4. To decide; to determine; to make a final judgment or determination.

As touching the Gentiles who believe, we have written and concluded that they observe no such thing. Romans 11.

5. To end; to finish.

I will conclude this part with the speech of a counselor of state.

Bacon.

6. To stop or restrain, or as in law, to estop from further argument or proceedings; to oblige or bind, as by authority or by one's own argument or concession; generally in the passive.

If they will appeal to revelation for their creation, they must be concluded by it.

Hale.

The defendant is concluded by his own plea.

I do not consider the decision of that motion, upon affidavits, to amount to a res judicata, which ought to conclude the present inquiry.

Kent.

Conclude

CONCLU'DE, verb intransitive To infer, as a consequence; to determine.

The world will conclude I had a guilty conscience.

Arbuthnot.

But this verb is really transitive. The world will conclude that I had a guilty conscienceÃ‚--that is here the object, referring to the subsequent clause of the sentence. [See Verb Transitive, No. 3.]

2. To settle opinion; to form a final judgment.

Can we conclude upon Luther's instability, as our author has done.

Atterbury.

3. To end.

A train of lies,

That, made in lust, conclude in perjuries.

Dryden.

The old form of expression, to conclude of, is no longer in use.

Concluded

CONCLU'DED, participle passive Shut; ended; finished; determined; inferred; comprehended; stopped, or bound.

Concludency

CONCLU'DENCY, noun Inference; logical deduction from premises.

Hale.

Concludent

CONCLU'DENT, adjective Bringing to a close; decisive.

Bacon.

Concluder

CONCLU'DER, noun One who concludes.

Mountagu.

Concluding

CONCLU'DING, participle of the present tense Shutting; ending; determining; inferring; comprehending.

2. adjective Final; ending; closing; as the concluding sentence of an essay.

Concludingly

CONCLU'DINGLY, adverb Conclusively; with incontrovertible evidence. [Little used.]

Digby.

Conclusible

CONCLU'SIBLE, adjective That may be concluded or inferred; determinable. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Conclusion

CONCLU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin conclusio.] End; close; the last part; as the conclusion of an address.

2. The close of an argument, debate or reasoning; inference that ends the discussion; final result.

Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter; fear God, and keep his commandments; for this is the whole of man. Ecclesiastes 12.

3. Determination; final decision.

After long debate, the house of commons came to this conclusion.

4. Consequence; inference; that which is collected or drawn from premises; particular deduction from propositions, facts, experience, or reasoning.

5. The event of experiments; experiment.

We practice all conclusions of grafting and inoculating. [Little used.]

Bacon.

6. Confinement of the thoughts; silence.

[Not used.]

Shak.

Conclusional

CONCLU'SIONAL, adjective Concluding. [Not used.]

Hooper.

Conclusive

CONCLU'SIVE, adjective [Italian conclusivo.] Final; decisive; as a conclusive answer to a proposition.

2. Decisive; giving a final determination; precluding a further act.

The agreeing votes of both houses were not, by any law or reason, conclusive to my judgment.

King Charles.

3. Decisive; concluding the question; putting an end to debate; as a conclusive argument.

4. Regularly consequential.

Men, not knowing the true forms of syllogisms, cannot know whether they are made in right and conclusive modes and figures.

Locke.

Conclusively

CONCLU'SIVELY, adverb Decisively; with final determination; as, the point of law is conclusively settled.

Conclusiveness

CONCLU'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being conclusive, or decisive; the power of determining the opinion, or of settling a question; as the conclusiveness of evidence or of an argument.

Hale.

Concoagulate

CONCOAG'ULATE, verb transitive [con and coagulate.] To curdle or congeal one thing with another.

Boyle.

Concoagulated

CONCOAG'ULATED, participle passive Curdled; concreted.

Concoagulating

CONCOAG'ULATING, participle of the present tense Concreting; curdling.

Concoagulation

CONCOAGULA'TION, noun A coagulating together, as different substances, or bodies, in one mass. Crystalization of different salts in the same menstruum.

Coxe.

[This word is little used.]

Concoct

CONCOCT', verb transitive [Latin concoquo, concoctum; con and coquo, to cook. See Cook.]

1. To digest by the stomach, so as to turn food to chyle or nutriment.

The vital functions are performed by general and constant laws; the food is concocted.

Cheyne.

2. To purify or sublime; to refine by separating the gross or extraneous matter; as, concocted venom.

Thomson.

3. To ripen.

Fruits and grains are half a year in concocting.

Bacon.

Concocted

CONCOCT'ED, participle passive Digested; purified; ripened.

Concocting

CONCOCT'ING, participle of the present tense Digesting; purifying; ripened.

Concoction

CONCOC'TION, [Latin concoctio.] Digestion or solution in the stomach; the process by which food is turned into chyle, or otherwise prepared to nourish the body; the change which food undergoes in the stomach.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. Maturation; the process by which morbid matter is separated from the blood or humors, or otherwise changed and prepared to be thrown off.

Coxe.

3. A ripening; the acceleration of any thing towards perfection.

Johnson.

Concoctive

CONCOC'TIVE, adjective Digesting; having the power of digesting or ripening.

Milton.

Concolor

CONCOL'OR, adjective Of one color. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Concomitance

CONCOM'ITANCE, or CONCOM'ITANCY, noun [Latin con and comitor, to accompany, from comes, a companion. See Count.]

A being together, or in connection with another thing.

The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in concomitancy with the other.

Brown.

Concomitant

CONCOM'ITANT, adjective Accompanying; conjoined with; concurrent; attending.

It has pleased our wise creator to annex to several objectsÃ‚--a concomitant pleasure.

Locke.

Concomitant

CONCOM'ITANT, noun A companion; a person or thing that accompanies another, or is collaterally connected. It is seldom applied to persons.

The other concamitant of ingratitude is hard-heartedness.

South.

Reproach is a concomitant to greatness.

Addison.

Concomitantly

CONCOM'ITANTLY, adverb In company with others.

Pearson.

Concomitate

CONCOM'ITATE, verb transitive To accompany or attend; to be collaterally connected. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Concord

CON'CORD, noun [French concorde; Latin concordia, from concors, of con and cor, cordis, the heart. See Accord.]

1. Agreement between persons; union in opinions, sentiments, views or interests; peace; harmony.

What concord hath Christ with Belial? 2 Corinthians 6.

2. Agreement between things; suitableness; harmony.

If, nature's concord broke,

Among the constellations war were sprung.

Milton.

3. In music, consent of sounds; harmony; the relation between two or more sounds which are agreeable to the ear. [See Chord.]

The man who hath not music in himself,

Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,

Is fit for treasons.

Shak.

4. A compact; an agreement by stipulation; treaty.

Davies.

5. In law, an agreement between the parties in a fine, made by leave of the court. This is an acknowledgment from the deforciants that the land in question is the right of the complainant.

Blackstone.

6. In grammar, agreement of words in construction; as adjectives with nouns in gender, number and case; or verbs with nouns or pronouns in number and person. Or concord may signify the system of rules for construction called syntax.

Form of concord, in ecclesiastical history, is a book among the Lutherans containing a system of doctrines to be subscribed as a condition of communion, composed at Torgaw in 1576.

Encyc.

Concordance

CONCORD'ANCE, noun [French concordance; Italian concordanza; Latin concordans, from concordo, to agree. See Concord.]

1. Agreement. In this sense, accordance is generally used.

2. In grammar, concord. [Not used.]

3. A dictionary in which the principal words used in the scriptures are arranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter and verse in which each word occurs are noted; designed to assist an inquirer in finding any passage of scripture, by means of any leading word in a verse which he can recollect.

Concordancy

CONCORD'ANCY, noun Agreement.

Mountagu.

Concordant

CONCORD'ANT, adjective Agreeing; agreeable; correspondent; harmonious.

Brown.

Concordant

CONCORD'ANT, noun That which is accordant.

Mountagu.

Concordantly

CONCORD'ANTLY, adverb In conjunction.

Concordat

CONCORD'AT, noun In the canon law, a compact, covenant, or agreement concerning some beneficiary matter, as a resignation, permutation, promotion and the like. In particular, an agreement made by a prince with the Pope relative to the collation of benefices; such as that between the Emperor Frederic III., the German princes, and the Pope's legate, A. Dutch 1448.

Encyc. Span. Dict. Lunier.

Concordist

CONCORD'IST, noun The compiler of a concordance.

Chaldee Observer, March, 1811.

Concorporate

CONCOR'PORATE, verb transitive [Latin concorporo, of con and corpus, a body.]

To unite different things in one mass or body; to incorporate. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Concorporate

CONCOR'PORATE, verb intransitive To unite in one mass or body.

Cleaveland.

Concorporation

CONCORPORA'TION, noun Union of things in one mass or body.

Concourse

CON'COURSE, noun [French concours; Spanish concurso; Italian concorso; Latin concursus, from concurro, to run together; con and curro, to run.]

1. A moving, flowing or running together; confluence; as a fortuitous concourse of atoms; a concourse of men.

2. A meeting; an assembly of men; an assemblage of things; a collection formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place. Acts 19.

3. The place or point of meeting, or a meeting; the point of junction of two bodies.

The drop will begin to move towards the concourse of the glasses.

Newton.

[This application is unusual.]

Concreate

CONCREA'TE, verb transitive [con and create; Italian concreare.]

To create with, or at the same time.

Dr. TaylorÃ‚--insists that it is inconsistent with the nature of virtue, that it should be concreated with any person.

Edwards, Orig. Sin.

Concreated

CONCREA'TED, participle passive Created at the same time, or in union with.

Concredit

CONCRED'IT, verb transitive To entrust. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Concremation

CONCREMA'TION, noun [Latin concremo, to burn together; con and cremo, to burn.]

The act of burning different things together. [Little used.]

Concrement

CONCREMENT, noun [Low Latin concrementum, from concresco, to grow together. See Concrete.]

A growing together; the collection or mass formed by concretion, or natural union.

Hale.

Concrescence

CONCRES'CENCE, noun [Latin concrescentia, concresco. See Concrete.]

Growth or increase; the act of growing or increasing by spontaneous union, or the coalescence of separate particles.

Raleigh.

Concrescible

CONCRES'CIBLE, adjective Capable of concreting; that may congeal or be changed from a liquid to a solid state.

They formed a genuine, fixed, concrescible oil.

Fourcroy.

Concrete

CONCRETE, adjective [Latin concretus, from concresco, to grow together; con and cresco, to grow. See Grow.]

1. Literally, united in growth. Hence, formed by coalition of separate particles in one body; consistent in a mass; united in a solid form.

The first concrete state or consistent surface of the chaos.

Burnet.

2. In logic, applied to a subject; not abstract; as the whiteness of snow. Here whiteness is used as a concrete term, as it expresses the quality of snow.

Concrete terms, while they express the quality, do also express, or imply, or refer to a subject to which they belong.

Watts.

A concrete number expresses or denotes a particular subject, as three men; but when we use a number without reference to a subject, as three, or five, we use the term in the abstract.

Bailey.

Concrete

CON'CRETE, noun A compound; a mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union or coalescence of separate particles of matter in one body.

Gold is a porous conerete.

Bentley.

2. In philosophy, a mass or compound body, made up of different ingredients; a mixed body or mass.

Soap is a factitious concrete.

Encyc.

3. In logic, a concrete term; a term that includes both the quality and the subject in which it exists; as nigrum, a black thing.

Ainsworth.

Concrete

CONCRE'TE, verb intransitive To unite or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or solid body, chiefly by spontaneous cohesion, or other natural process; as, saline particles concrete into crystals; blood concretes in a bowl. Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to indurate; as, metallic matter concretes into a hard body. Applied to other substances, it is equivalent to congeal, thicken, inspissate, coagulate; as in the concretion of blood.

Arbuthnot. Woodward. Newton.

Concrete

CONCRE'TE, verb transitive To form a mass by the cohesion or coalescence of separate particles.

Hale.

Concreted

CONCRE'TED, participle passive United into a solid mass; congealed; inspissated; clotted.

Concretely

CONCRE'TELY, adverb In a concrete manner; in a manner to include the subject with the predicate; not abstractly.

Norris.

Concreteness

CONCRE'TENESS, noun A state of being concrete; coagulation.

Concreting

CONCRE'TING, participle of the present tense Coalescing or congealing in a mass; becoming thick; making solid.

Concretion

CONCRE'TION, noun The act of concreting; the process by which soft or fluid bodies become thick, consistent, solid or hard; the act of growing together, or of uniting, by other natural process, the small particles of matter into a mass.

2. The mass or solid matter formed by growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagulation or induration; a clot; a lump; a solid substance formed in the soft parts or in the cavities of animal bodies.

Concretive

CONCRE'TIVE, adjective Causing to concrete; having power to produce concretion; tending to form a solid mass from separate particles; as, concretive juices.

Brown.

Concreture

CONCRE'TURE, noun A mass formed by concretion. [Not used.]

Concrew

CONCREW', verb intransitive To grow together. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Concubinage

CONCU'BINAGE, noun [French See Concubine.] The act or practice of cohabiting, as man and woman, in sexual commerce, without the authority of law, or a legal marriage. In a more general sense, this word is used to express any criminal or prohibited sexual commerce, including adultery, incest, and fornication.

In some countries, concubinage is a marriage of an inferior kind, or performed with less solemnity than a true or formal marriage; or marriage with a woman of inferior condition, to whom the husband does not convey his rank or quality. This is said to be still in use in Germany.

Encyc.

In law, concubinage is used as an exception against her that sueth for dower; in which it is alledged that she was not lawfully married to the man in whose lands she seeks to be endowed, but that she was his concubine.

Cowel.

Concubinate

CONCU'BINATE, noun Whoredom; lewdness. [Not in use.]

Taylor.

Concubine

CONCUBINE, noun [French from Latin concubina, from concumbo, to lie together; con and cumbo, or cubo, to lie down.]

1. A woman who cohabits with a man, without the authority of a legal marriage; a woman kept for lewd purposes; a kept mistress.

Bacon. Shak. Dryden.

2. A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman laws.

Encyc. Cruden.

Conculcate

CONCUL'CATE, verb transitive [Latin conculco.] To tread on; to trample under foot.

Mountagu.

Conculcation

CONCULCA'TION, noun A trampling under foot. [Not much used.]

Concupiscence

CONCU'PISCENCE, noun [Latin concupiscentia, from concupisco, to covet or lust after; con and cupio, to desire or covet.]

Lust; unlawful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure. In a more general sense, the coveting of carnal things, or an irregular appetite for worldly good; inclination for unlawful enjoyments.

We know even secret concupiscence to be sin.

Hooker.

Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence. Romans 7.

Concupiscent

CONCU'PISCENT, adjective Desirous of unlawful pleasure; libidinous.

Shak.

Concupiscible

CONCU'PISCIBLE, adjective Exciting or impelling to the enjoyment of carnal pleasure; inclining to the attainment of pleasure or good; as concupiscible appetite.

South.

Concur

CONCUR', verb intransitive [Latin concurro, to run together; con and curro, to run; Italian concorrere; Spanish concurrir; Portugese concorrer; French concourir.]

1. To meet in the same point; to agree.

Reason and sense concur.

Temple.

2. To agree; to join or unite, as in one action or opinion; to meet, mind with mind; as, the two houses of parliament concur in the measure.

It has with before the person with whom one agrees.

Mr. Burke concurred with Lord Chatham in opinion.

It has to before the effect.

Extremes in man concur to general use.

Pope.

3. To unite or be conjoined, with the consequential sense of aiding, or contributing power or influence to a common object.

Various causes may concur in the changes of temperature.

Concurrence

CONCUR'RENCE, noun A meeting or coming together; union; conjunction.

We have no other measure but of our own ideas, with the concurrence of other probable reasons, to persuade us.

Locke.

2. A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union in design; implying joint approbation.

Tarquin the proud was expelled by the universal concurrence of nobles and people.

Swift.

3. A meeting or conjunction, whether casual or intended; combination of agents, circumstances or events.

Struck with these great concurrences of things.

Crashaw.

4. Agreement; consent; approbation. See No. 2.

5. Agreement or consent, implying joint aid or contribution of power or influence.

From these sublime images we collect the greatness of the work, and the necessity of the divine concurrence to it.

Rogers.

6. A meeting, as of claims, or power; joint rights; implying equality in different persons or bodies; as a concurrence of jurisdiction in two different courts.

Concurrency

CONCUR'RENCY, noun The same as concurrence; but little used.

Concurrent

CONCUR'RENT, adjective Meeting; uniting; accompanying; acting in conjuction; agreeing in the same act; contributing to the same event or effect; operating with.

I join with these laws the personal presence of the King's son, as a concurrent cause of this reformation.

Davies.

All combined,

Your beauty, and my impotence of mind,

And his concurrent flame, that blew my fire.

Dryden.

2. Conjoined; associate; concomitant.

There is no difference between the concurrent echo and the iterant, but the quickness or slowness of the return.

Bacon.

3. Joint and equal; existing together and operating on the same objects. The courts of the United States, and those of the States have, in some cases, concurrent jurisdiction.

Concurrent

CONCUR'RENT, noun That which concurs; joint or contributory cause.

To all affairs of importance there are three necessary concurrentsÃ‚--time, industry and faculties.

Decay of Piety.

Concurrently

CONCUR'RENTLY, adverb With concurrence; unitedly.

Concurring

CONCUR'RING, participle of the present tense Meeting in the same point; agreeing; running or acting together; uniting in action; contributing to the same event or effect; consenting.

A concurring figure, in geometry, is one which, being laid on another, exactly meets every part of it, or one which corresponds with it in all its parts.

Concussation

CONCUSSA'TION, noun [See Concussion.] A violent shock or agitation.

Concussion

CONCUS'SION, noun [Latin concussio, from concutio, to shake, from con and quatio, quasso, to shake or shatter. From the sense of discutio, and percutio, we may infer that the primary sense is to beat, to strike, or to beat in pieces, to bruise, to beat down, French casser, to quash, Latin coedo, cudo. See Class Gd. No. 38. 40. 76. and Class Gs. No. 17.]

1. The act of shaking, particularly and properly, by the stroke or impulse of another body.

It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous cities, hath dissipated pestilent air, which may be from the concussion of the air.

Bacon.

2. The state of being shaken; a shock; as the concussion of the brain by a stroke. It is used also for shaking or agitation in general; as the concussion of the earth.

Woodward.

Concussive

CONCUS'SIVE, adjective Having the power or quality of shaking.

Johnson.

Cond

COND, verb transitive [French conduire.] In seamen's language, to conduct a ship; to direct the man at helm how to steer.

Bailey. Encyc.

Condemn

CONDEMN, v. t. condem'. [Latin condemno; con and damno, to condemn, to disapprove, to doom; to devote; Italian condannare, dannare; Portugese condenar; Spanish id.; French condamner; Armoric condauni; Dutch doemen, verdoemen;

German verdammen; Swedish d?ma; f?rd?ma; Danish dÃƒ-¶mmer, fordÃƒ-¶mmer; Saxon deman, fordeman, to deem, to doom, to judge, to condemn. See Damn, Deem, Doom.]

1. To pronounce to be utterly wrong; to utter a sentence of disapprobation against; to censure; to blame. But the word often expresses more than censure or blame, and seems to include the idea of utter rejection; as, to condemn heretical opinions; to condemn one's conduct.

We condemn mistakes with asperity, where we pass over sins with gentleness.

Buckminster.

2. To determine or judge to be wrong, or guilty; to disallow; to disapprove.

Beloved, if our heart condemn us not, we have confidence towards God. 1 John 3.

3. To witness against; to show or prove to be wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice.

The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it. Matthew 12.

4. To pronounce to be guilty; to sentence to punishment; to utter sentence against judicially; to doom; opposed to acquit or absolve; with to before the penalty.

The son of man shall be betrayed to the chief priests, and to the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death. Matthew 20.

He that believeth on him is not condemned. John 3.

5. To doom or sentence to pay a fine; to fine.

And the king of EgyptÃ‚--condemned the land in a hundred talents of silver. 2 Chronicles 36.

6. To judge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service; as, the ship was condemned as not sea-worthy.

To judge or pronounce to be forfeited; as, the ship and her cargo were condemned.

Condemnable

CONDEM'NABLE, adjective That may be condemned; blamable; culpable.

Brown.

Condemnation

CONDEMNA'TION, noun [Latin condemnatio.]

The act of condemning; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and dooming him to punishment.

For the judgment was by one to condemnation. Romans 5.

2. The state of being condemned.

Dost thou not fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation. Luke 23.

3. The cause or reason of a sentence of condemnation. John 3.

Condemnatory

CONDEM'NATORY, adjective Condemning; bearing condemnationn or censure; as a condemnatory sentence or decree.

Condemned

CONDEM'NED, participle passive Censured; pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited; adjudged or sentenced to punishment.

Condemner

CONDEM'NER, noun One who condemns or censures.

Taylor.

Condemning

CONDEM'NING, participle of the present tense Censuring; disallowing; pronouncing to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited; sentencing to punishment.

Condensable

CONDENS'ABLE, adjective [See Condense.] Capable of being condensed; that may be compressed into a smaller compass, and into a more close, compact state; as, vapor is condensable.

Condensate

CONDENS'ATE, verb transitive [See Condense.] To condense; to compress into a closer form to cause to take a more compact state; to make more dense.

Condensate

CONDENS'ATE, verb intransitive To become more dense, close or hard.

Condensate

CONDENS'ATE, adjective Made dense; condensed; made more close or compact.

Peacham.

Condensation

CONDENSA'TION, adjective [Latin condensatio. See Condense.]

The act of making more dense or compact; or the act of causing the parts that compose a body to approach or unite more closely, either by mechanical pressure, or by a natural process; the state of being condensed. Dew and clouds are supposed to be formed by the condensation of vapor. It is opposed to rarefaction and expansion. Condensation is applicable to any compressible matter; and from condensation proceeds increased hardness, solidity, and weight.

Condensative

CONDENS'ATIVE, adjective Having a power or tendency to condense.

Condense

CONDENSE, v. t. condens'. [Latin condenso; con and denso, to make thick or close; Italian condensare; Spanish Portugese condensar; French condenser. See Dense.]

1. To make more close, thick or compact; to cause the particles of a body to approach, or to unite more closely, either by their own attraction or affinity, or by mechanical force. Thus, vapor is said to be condensed into water by the application of cold; and air is condensed in a tube by pressure. Hence the word is sometimes equivalent to compress.

2. To make thick; to inspissate; applied to soft compressible substances.

3. To compress into a smaller compass, or into a close body; to crowd; ? separate individuals. Thus we say ? condense ideas into a smaller compass.

Dryden.

Condense

CONDENSE, v. i. condens'. To become close or more compact, as the particles of a body; to approach or unite more closely; to grow thick.

Vapors condense and coalesce into small parcels.

Newton.

Condense

CONDENSE, a. condens'. Close in texture or composition; compact; firm; dense; condensated. [See Dense, which is generally used.]

Milton.

Condensed

CONDENS'ED, participle passive Made dense, or more close in parts; made or become compact; compressed into a narrower compass.

Condenser

CONDENS'ER, noun He or that which condenses; particularly a pneumatic engine or syringe in which air may be compressed. It consists of a cylinder, in which is a movable piston to force the air into a receiver, and a valve to prevent the air from escaping.

Encyc.

Condensity

CONDENS'ITY, noun The state of being condensed; denseness; density. [The latter are generally used.]

Conder

COND'ER, noun [French conduire; Latin conduco. See Cond.]

1. A person who stands upon a cliff, or elevated part of the sea-coast, in the time of the herring fishery, to point out to the fishermen by signs, the course of the shoals of fish.

Cowel.

2. One who gives directions to a helmsman how to steer the ship.

Encyc.

Condescend

CONDESCEND', verb intransitive [Italian condescendere;

Spanish condescender; French condescendre; con and Latin descendo. See Descend.]

1. To descend from the privileges of superior rank or dignity, to do some act to an inferior, which strict justice or the ordinary rules of civility do not require. Hence, to submit or yield, as to an inferior, implying an occasional relinquishment of distinction.

Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans 12.

2. To recede from one's rights in negotiation, or common intercourse, to do some act, which strict justice does not require.

Spain's mighty monarch,

In gracious clemency does condescend,

On these conditions, to become your friend.

Dryden.

3. To stoop or descend; to yield; to submit; implying a relinquishment of rank, or dignity of character, and sometimes a sinking into debasement.

Can they think me so broken, so debased,

With corporal servitude, that my mind ever

Will condescend to such absurd commands?

Milton.

Condescendence

CONDESCEND'ENCE, noun A voluntary yielding or submission to an inferior.

You will observe [in the Turks] an insulting condescendence which bespeaks their contempt of you.

Eton.

Condescending

CONDESCEND'ING, participle of the present tense Descending from rank or distinction in the intercourse of life; receding from rights or claims; yielding.

2. adjective Yielding to inferiors; courteous; obliging.

Condescendingly

CONDESCEND'INGLY, adverb By way of yielding to inferiors; with voluntary submission; by way of kind concession; courteously.

Atterbury.

Condescension

CONDESCEN'SION, noun Voluntary descent from rank, dignity or just claims; relinquishment of strict right; submission to inferiors in granting requests or performing acts which strict justice does not require. Hence, courtesy.

It forbids pride and commands humility, modesty and condescension to others.

Tillotson.

Raphael, amidst his tenderness, shows such a dignity and condescension in all his behavior, as are suitable to a superior nature.

Addison.

Condescensive

CONDESCEN'SIVE, adjective Condescending; courteous.

Barrow.

Condescent

CONDESCENT', noun Condescension. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Condign

CONDI'GN, a. condi'ne. [Latin condignus; con and dignus, worthy. See Dignity.]

1. Deserved; merited; suitable; applied usually to punishment; as, the malefactor has suffered condign punishment.

2. Worthy; merited; as condign praise.

Spenser. Shak.

[In the latter sense, seldom used.]

Condignity

CONDIG'NITY, noun Merit; desert. In school divinity, the merit of human actions which claims reward, on the score of justice.

Milner.

Condignly

CONDI'GNLY, adv. condi'nely. According to merit.

Condignness

CONDI'GNNESS, n. condi'neness. Agreeableness to deserts; suitableness.

Condiment

CON'DIMENT, noun [Latin condimentum, from condio, to season, pickle or preserve.]

Seasoning; sauce; that which is used to give relish to meat or other food, and to gratify the taste.

As for radish and the like, they are for condiments, and not for nourishment.

Bacon.

Condisciple

CONDISCI'PLE, noun [Latin condiscipulus; con and discipulus. See Disciple.]

A school fellow; a learner in the same school, or under the same instructor.

Condite

CONDI'TE, verb transitive [Latin condio, conditum.] To prepare and preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like; to pickle; as, to condite pears, plums, quinces, mushrooms, &c. [Little used.]

Grew. Taylor.

Conditement

CONDI'TEMENT, noun A composition of conserves, powders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Conditing

CONDI'TING, participle of the present tense Preserving. [Little used.]

Grew.

Condition

CONDI'TION, noun [Latin conditio, from condo, to build or make, to ordain; properly, to set or fix, or to set together or in order; con and do, to give; properly, to send.]

1. State; a particular mode of being; applied to external circumstances, to the body, to the mind, and to things. We speak of a good condition or a bad condition, in reference to wealth and poverty; in reference to health and sickness; in reference to a cheerful or depressed disposition of mind; and with reference to a sound or broken, perishing state of things. The word signifies a setting or fixing, and has a very general and indefinite application, coinciding nearly with state, from sto, to stand, and denotes that particular frame, form, mode or disposition, in which a thing exists, at any given time. A man is in a good condition, when he is thriving. A nation, with an exhausted treasury and burthened with taxes, is not in a condition to make war. A poor man is in a humble condition. Religion affords consolation to man in every condition of life. Exhortations should be adapted to the condition of the mind.

Condition, circumstance, is not the thing;

Bliss is the same in subject or in king.

Pope.

2. Quality; property; attribute.

It seemed to us a condition and property of divine powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others.

Bacon.

3. State of the mind; temper; temperament; complexion. [See No. 1.]

Shak.

4. Moral quality; virtue or vice.

Raleigh. South.

[These senses however fall within the first definition.]

5. Rank, that is, state with respect to the orders or grades of society, or to property; as, persons of the best condition.

Clarendon.

6. Terms of a contract or covenant; stipulation; that is, that which is set, fixed, established or proposed. What are the conditions of the treaty?

Make our conditions with you captive king.

Dryden.

He sendeth and desireth conditions of peace. Luke 14.

7. A clause in a bond, or other contract containing terms or a stipulation that it is to be performed, and in case of failure, the penalty of the bond is to be incurred.

8. Terms given, or provided, as the ground of something else; that which is established, or to be done, or to happen, as requisite to another act; as, I will pay a sum of money, on condition you will engage to refund it.

A condition is a clause of contingency, on the happening of which the estate granted may be defeated.

Blackstone.

Condition

CONDI'TION, verb intransitive To make terms; to stipulate.

It is one thing to condition for a good office, and another to execute it.

Condition

CONDI'TION, verb transitive To contract; to stipulate.

It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that Saturn should put to death all his male children.

Raleigh.

Conditional

CONDI'TIONAL, adjective Containing or depending on a condition or conditions; made with limitations; not absolute; made or granted on certain terms. A conditional promise is one which is to be performed, when something else stipulated is done or has taken place. A conditional fee, in law, is one which is granted upon condition, that if the donee shall die without such particular heirs as are specified, the estate shall revert to the donor. Hence it is a fee restrained to particular heirs, to the exclusion of others.

2. In grammar and logic, expressing a condition or supposition; as a conditional word, mode, or tense; a conditional syllogism.

Conditional

CONDI'TIONAL, noun A limitation.

Bacon.

Conditionality

CONDITIONAL'ITY, noun The quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by certain terms.

Conditionally

CONDI'TIONALLY, adverb With certain limitations; on particular terms or stipulations; not absolutely or positively.

We see large preferments tendered to him, but conditionally, upon his doing wicked offices.

South.

Conditionary

CONDI'TIONARY, adjective Conditional; stipulated. [Not used.]

Norris.

Conditionate

CONDI'TIONATE, adjective Conditional; established on certain terms. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Conditionate

CONDI'TIONATE, verb transitive To qualify; to regulate. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Conditioned

CONDI'TIONED, participle passive Stipulated; containing terms to be performed.

2. adjective Having a certain state or qualities. This word is usually preceded by some qualifying term; as good-conditioned; ill-conditioned; best-conditioned.

Conditionly

CONDI'TIONLY, adverb On certain terms. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Condole

CONDO'LE, verb intransitive [Latin condoleo; con, with, and doleo, to ache, or to grieve.]

To feel pain, or to grieve, at the distress or misfortunes of another.

Your friends would have cause to rejoice, rather than condole with you.

It is followed by with before the person for whom we feel grief.

Condole

CONDO'LE, verb transitive To lament or bewail with another, or on account of another's misfortune. [Unusual.]

Why should our poet petition Isis for her safe delivery, and afterwards condole her miscarriage?

Dryden. Milton.

Condolement

CONDO'LEMENT, noun Grief; pain of mind, at another's loss or misfortune; sorrow; mourning.

Shak.

Condolence

CONDO'LENCE, noun Pain of mind, or grief excited by the distress, or misfortune of another.

Arbuthnot.

Condoler

CONDO'LER, noun One who condoles.

Condoling

CONDO'LING, participle of the present tense Grieving at another's distress.

Condoling

CONDO'LING, noun Expression of grief for another's loss.

Condoma

CON'DOMA, noun An animal of the goat kind, as large as a stag, and of a gray color.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

It is a species of Antelope, the A. strepsiceros.

Condonation

CONDONA'TION, noun [Latin condono.] The act of pardoning. [Little used.]

Condor

CON'DOR, noun The largest species of fow] hitherto discovered; a native of South America. Some naturalists class it with the vulture; others, with the eagle. The wings of the largest, when expanded, are said to extend 15 or 18 feet; and the fowl has strength to bear off a calf or a deer.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

The size of the Condor has been greatly exaggerated. It is about the size of the LÃƒ-¤mmer-geyer or vulture of the Alps, which it resembles in its habits. It is properly a vulture.

Humboldt. Cuvier.

Conduce

CONDU'CE, verb intransitive [Latin conduco; con and duco, to lead; Spanish conducir; Italian condurre.]

To lead or tend; to contribute; followed by to.

They may conduce to farther discoveries for completing the theory of light.

Newton.

To conduce to includes the sense of aiding, tending to produce, or furnishing the means; hence it is sometimes equivalent to promote, advance, or further. Virtue conduces to the welfare of society. Religion conduces to temporal happiness. Temperance conduces to health and long life.

In the transitive sense, to conduct, it is not authorized.

Conducement

CONDU'CEMENT, noun A leading or tending to; tendency.

Gregory.

Conducent

CONDU'CENT, adjective Tending or contributing to.

Laud.

Conducible

CONDU'CIBLE, adjective [Latin conducibilis.] Leading or tending to; having the power of conducing; having a tendency to promote or forward.

Our Savior hath enjoined us a reasonable service; all his laws are in themselves conducible to the temporal interest of them that observe them.

Bentley.

[This word is less used than conducive.]

Conducibleness

CONDU'CIBLENESS, noun The quality of leading or contributing to any end.

More.

Conducive

CONDU'CIVE, adjective That may conduce or contribute; having a tendency to promote.

An action, however conducive to the good of our country, will be represented as prejudicial to it.

Addison.

Conduciveness

CONDU'CIVENESS, noun The quality of conducing or tending to promote.

Boyle.

Conduct

CON'DUCT, noun [Spanish conducta; Italian condotta; French conduite; from the Latin conductus, but with a different sense, from conduco, to lead; con and duco. See Duke.]

1. Literally, the act of leading; guidance; command. So Waller has used it.

Conduct of armies is a prince's art.

2. The act of convoying, or guarding; guidance or bringing along under protection.

Shak.

3. Guard on the way; convoy; escort.

Shak.

[These senses are now unusual, though not improper.]

4. In a general sense, personal behavior; course of actions; deportment; applicable equally to a good or bad course of actions; as laudable conduct; detestable conduct. The word seems originally to have been followed with life, actions, affairs, or other term; as the conduct of life; the conduct of actions; that is, the leading along of life or actions.

Young men in the conduct and manage of actions embrace more than they can hold.

Bacon.

What in the conduct of our life appears.

Dryden.

But by custom, conduct alone is now used to express the idea of behavior or course of life and manners.

5. Exact behavior; regular life. [Unusual.]

Swift.

6. Management; mode of carrying on.

Christianity has humanized the conduct of war.

Paley.

7. The title of two clergymen appointed to read prayers at Eton College in England.

Mason.

Conduct

CONDUCT', verb transitive [Spanish conducir; Portugese conduzir, to conduct, and to conduce; French conduire; Italian condurre; Latin conduco. But the English verb is from the noun conduct, or the Latin participle.]

1. To lead; to bring along; to guide; to accompany and show the way.

And Judah came to GilgalÃ‚--to conduct the king over Jordan. 2 Samuel 19.

2. To lead; to direct or point out the way.

The precepts of Christ will conduct us to happiness.

3. To lead; to usher in; to introduce; to attend in civility.

Pray receive them nobly, and conduct them

Into our presence.

Shak.

4. To give a direction to; to manage; applied to things; as, the farmer conducts his affairs with prudence.

5. To lead, as a commander; to direct; to govern; to command; as, to conduct an army or a division of troops.

6. With the reciprocal pronoun, to conduct one's self, is to behave. Hence, by a customary omission of the pronoun, to conduct, in an intransitive sense, is to behave; to direct personal actions. [See the Noun.]

7. To escort; to accompany and protect on the way.

Conducted

CONDUCT'ED, participle passive Led; guided; directed; introduced; commanded; managed.

Conducting

CONDUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Leading; escorting; introducing; commanding; behaving; managing.

Conduction

CONDUC'TION, noun The act of training up. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Conductitious

CONDUCTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin conductitius, from conduco, to hire.]

Hired; employed for wages.

Ayliffe.

Conductor

CONDUCT'OR, noun A leader; a guide; one who goes before or accompanies, and shows the way.

2. A chief; a commander; one who leads an army or a people.

3. A director; a manager.

Addison.

4. In surgery, an instrument which serves to direct the knife in cutting for the stone, and in laying up sinuses and fistulas; also, a machine to secure a fractured limb.

Coxe. Encyc.

5. In electrical experiments, any body that receives and communicates electricity; such as metals and moist substances. Bodies which repel it, or into which it will not pass, are called non-conductors. Hence,

6. A metallic rod erected by buildings or in ships, to conduct lightning to the earth or water, and protect the building from its effects.

Conductress

CONDUCT'RESS, noun A female who leads or directs; a directress.

Conduit

CON'DUIT, noun [French conduit, the participle of conduire, Latin conducere, to conduct; Spanish conducto; Italian condotto; Portugese conducta.]

1. A canal or pipe for the conveyance of water; an aqueduct. Conduits are made of lead, stone, cast iron, wood, &c., above or below the surface of the earth.

2. A vessel that conveys the blood or other fluid.

The conduits of my blood.

Shak.

3. A conductor.

These organs are the nerves which are the conduits to convey them from without to their audience in the brain.

Locke.

4. A pipe or cock for drawing off liquor.

Shak.

5. Any channel that conveys water or fluids; a sink, sewer or drain.

Conduplicate

CONDU'PLICATE, adjective [Latin conduplicatus, from conduplico, to double or fold; con and duplico. See Double.]

Doubled or folded over or together; as the leaves of a bud.

Martyn.

Conduplicate

CONDU'PLICATE, verb transitive To double; to fold together.

Conduplicated

CONDU'PLICATED, adjective Doubled; folded together.

Conduplication

CONDUPLICA'TION, noun [Latin conduplicatio.] A doubling; a duplicate.

Johnson.

Condyl

CON'DYL, noun [Latin condylus; Greek.] A protuberance on the end of a bone; a knot, or joint; a kauckle.

Coxe.

Condyloid

CON'DYLOID, adjective [Greek, and, form.]

The condyloid process is the posterior protuberance at the extremities of the under jaw; an oblong rounded head, which is received into the fossa of the temporal bone, forming a movable articulation. The anterior is called the coronoid process.

Encyc.

Condyloid

CON'DYLOID, noun The apophysis of a bone; the projecting soft end, or process of a bone.

Coxe.

Cone

CONE, noun [French cone; Italian and Spanish cono; from Latin conus; Greek; Welsh con, that which shoots to a point, from extending; Welsh connyn, a tail; conyn, a stalk; cono, a spruce fellow. It coincides in radical sense with the root of can and begin.]

1. A solid body or figure having a circle for its base, and its top terminated in a point or vertex, like a sugar loaf.

2. In botany, the conical fruit of several evergreen trees, as of the pine, fir, cedar and cypress. It is composed of woody scales, usually opening, and has a seed at the base of each scale.

Martyn.

A cone of rays, in optics, includes all the rays of light which proceed from a radiant point and fall upon the surface of a glass.

Encyc.

A right cone, is when its axis is perpendicular to its base, and its sides equal. It is formed by the revolution of a right-angled plane triangle about one of its sides.

A scalene cone, is when its axis is inclined to its base and its sides unequal.

Bailey.

Conepate

CO'NEPATE or CO'NEPATL, noun An animal of the weasel kind in America, resembling the pole-cat in form and size, and in its fetid stench.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Coney

CONEY, [See Cony.]

Confabulate

CONFAB'ULATE, verb intransitive [Latin confabulor; con and fabulor, to tell. See Fable.]

To talk familiarly together; to chat; to prattle.

If birds confabulate or no. [Little used.]

Cowper.

Confabulation

CONFABULA'TION, noun [Latin confabulatio.] Familiar talk; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation. [Not an elegant word, and little used.]

Confabulatory

CONFAB'ULATORY, adjective Belonging to familiar talk. [Little used.]

Confamiliar

CONFAMIL'IAR, adjective Very familiar. [Not in use.]

Confarreation

CONFARREA'TION, noun [Latin confarreatio; con and farreo, to join in marriage with a cake, from far, corn or meal.]

The solemnization of marriage among the Romans, by a ceremony in which the bridegoom and bride tasted a cake made of flour with salt and water, called far or panis farreus, in presence of the high priest and at least ten witnesses.

Ayliffe. Adam.

Confated

CONFA'TED, adjective Fated together. [Not in use.]

Confect

CONFECT', verb transitive To make sweetmeats. [Not used. See Comfit.]

Confect

CON'FECT, noun [Latin confectus, conficio. See Comfit.]

Something prepared with sugar or honey, as fruit, herbs, roots and the like; a sweetmeat.

Harvey.

Confection

CONFEC'TION, noun [Latin confectio, from conficio; con and facio, to make.]

1. Any thing prepared with sugar, as fruit; a sweetmeat; something preserved.

Bacon. Encyc.

2. A composition or mixture.

Bacon.

3. A soft electuary.

Encyc.

Confectionary

CONFEC'TIONARY, or CONFEC'TIONER, noun One whose occupation is to make, or to sell sweetmeats, &c.

Boyle. Shak.

[The latter word is most generally used.]

Confectionary

CONFEC'TIONARY, noun A place for sweetmeats; a place where sweetmeats and similar things are made or sold.

2. Sweetmeats in general; things prepared or sold by a confectioner.

Confector

CONFEC'TOR, noun [Latin] An officer in the Roman games, whose business was to kill any beast that was dangerous.

Milner.

Confectory

CONFEC'TORY, adjective Pertaining to the art of making sweetmeats.

Beaum.

Confederacy

CONFED'ERACY, noun [Low Latin confoederatio; con and foederatio, from foedus, a league. See Federal and Wed.]

1. A league, or covenant; a contract between two or more persons, bodies of men or states, combined in support of each other, in some act or enterprise; mutual engagement; federal compact.

The friendships of the world are oft

Confederacies in vice.

Addison.

A confederacy of princes to check innovation.

Anon.

2. The persons, states or nations united by a league.

Virgil has a whole confederacy against him

Dryden.

3. In law, a combination of two or more persons to commit an unlawful act.

Encyc.

Confederate

CONFED'ERATE, adjective [Low Latin confoederatus.]

United in a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a confederacy.

These were confederate with Abram. Genesis 14.

Syria is confederate with Ephraim. Isaiah 7.

Confederate

CONFED'ERATE, noun One who is united with others in a league; a person or nation engaged in a confederacy; an ally.

Shak. Dryden.

Confederate

CONFED'ERATE, verb intransitive [French confederer; Low Latin confoedero. But the English verb seems to be directly from the adjective, supra.]

To unite in a league; to join in a mutual contract or covenant.

By words men come to know one another's minds; by these they covenant and confederate

South.

The colonies of America confederated in 1775.

Several States of Europe have sometimes confederated for mutual safety.

Confederate

CONFED'ERATE, verb transitive To unite in a league; to ally.

With these the Piercies them confederate.

Daniel.

Confederated

CONFED'ERATED, participle passive United in a league.

Confederating

CONFED'ERATING, participle of the present tense Uniting in a league.

Confederation

CONFEDERA'TION, noun [French confederation; Italian confederazione; Low Latin confoederatio; con and foederatio.]

1. The act of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual support; alliance; particularly of princes, nations or states.

The three princes enter into a strict league and confederation.

Bacon.

2. The United States of America are sometimes called the confederation.

Confer

CONFER', verb intransitive [French conferer; Italian conferire; Spanish conferir; Latin confero; con and fero, to bear, to bring forth, to show, to declare. See Bear.]

To discourse; to converse; to consult together; implying conversation on some serious or important subject, in distinction from mere talk or light familiar conversation; followed by with.

Adonijah conferred with Joab and Abiathar. 1 Kings 1.

Festus conferred with the council. Acts 25.

Confer

CONFER', verb transitive To give, or bestow; followed by on.

Coronation confers on the king no royal authority.

South.

This word is particularly used to express the grant of favors, benefits and privileges to be enjoyed, or rights which are to be permanent; as, to confer on one the privileges of a citizen; to confer a title or an honor.

2. To compare; to examine by comparison; literally, to bring together. [See Compare.]

If we confer these observations with others of the like nature.

Boyle.

[This sense, though genuine, is now obsolete.]

3. To contribute; to conduce to; that is, to bring to. The closeness of parts confers much to the strength of the union, or intransitively,

confers to the strength of the union. Obs.

Glanville.

Conference

CON'FERENCE, noun [French conference; Spanish conferencia; Italian conferenza. See Confer.]

1. The act of conversing on a serious subject; a discoursing between two or more, for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or deliberation; formal discourse; oral discussion.

For they who seemed to be somewhat, in conference added nothing to me. Galatians 2.

The ministers had a conference at Ratisbon.

2. A meeting for consultation, discussion or instruction.

3. Comparison; examination of things by comparison.

The mutual conference of observations. The conference of different passages of scripture.

Hooker.

[This sense is, I believe, now obsolete.]

Conferred

CONFER'RED, participle passive Given; imparted; bestowed.

Conferrer

CONFER'RER, noun One who confers; one who converses; one who bestows.

Conferring

CONFER'RING, participle of the present tense Conversing together; bestowing.

Conferring

CONFER'RING, noun The act of bestowing.

2. Comparison; examination.

Confess

CONFESS', verb transitive [French confesser; Italian confessare; Spanish confesar; Portugese confessar; from Latin confiteor, confessum; con and fateor, to own or acknowledge; Irish faoisdin.]

1. To own, acknowledge or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or something that is against one's interest, or reputation.

Human faults with human grief confess.

Prior.

I confess the argument against me is good and not easily refuted.

Let us frankly confess our sins.

'Confess thee freely of thy sins,' used by Shakspeare, is not legitimate, unless in the sense of Catholics.

2. In the Catholic Church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a priest; to disclose the state of the conscience to a priest, in private, with a view to absolution; sometimes with the reciprocal pronoun.

The beautiful votary confessed herself to this celebrated father.

Addison.

3. To own, avow or acknowledge; publicly to declare a belief in and adherence to.

Whoever shall confess me before men. Matthew 10.

4. To own and acknowledge, as true disciples, friends or children.

Him will I confess before my father who is in heaven.

Ibm.

5. To own; to acknowledge; to declare to be true, or to admit or assent to in words; opposed to deny.

Then will I confess to thee, that thine own right hand can save thee. Job 40.

TheseÃ‚--confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on earth. Hebrews 11.

6. To show by the effect; to prove; to attest.

Tall thriving trees confessed the fruitful mold.

Pope.

7. To hear or receive the confession of another; as, the priest confessed the nuns.

Confess

CONFESS', verb intransitive To make confession; to disclose faults, or the state of the conscience; as, this man went to the priest to confess.

Confessant

CONFESS'ANT, noun One who confesses to a priest.

Bacon.

Confessary

CONFESS'ARY, noun One who makes a confession. [Not used.]

Hall.

Confessed

CONFESS'ED, participle passive Owned; acknowledged; declared to be true; admitted in words; avowed; admitted to disclose to a priest.

Confessedly

CONFESS'EDLY, adverb By confession, or acknowledgment; avowedly; undeniably. Demosthenes was confessedly the greatest orator in Greece.

2. With avowed purpose; as, his object was confessedly to secure to himself a benefice.

Confessing

CONFESS'ING, participle of the present tense Owning; avowing; declaring to be true or real; granting or admitting by assent; receiving disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of another.

Confession

CONFES'SION, noun The acknowledgment of a crime, fault or something to one's disadvantage; open declaration of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c.

With the mouth confession is made to salvation. Romans 10.

2. Avowal; the act of acknowledging; profession.

Who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession. 1 Timothy 6.

3. The act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest; the disburdening of the conscience privately to a confessor; sometimes called auricular confession.

4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission into a church.

5. The acknowledgment of a debt by a debtor before a justice of the peace, &c., on which judgment is entered and execution issued.

Confessional

CONFES'SIONAL, noun The seat where a priest or confessor sits to hear confessions; a confession-chair.

Confessionary

CONFES'SIONARY, noun [Spanish confesionario.] A confession-chair, as above.

Confessionary

CONFES'SIONARY, adjective Pertaining to auricular confession.

Confessionist

CONFES'SIONIST, noun One who makes a profession of faith.

Mountagu.

Confessor

CONFESS'OR, noun [French confesseur; Spanish confesor.]

1. One who confesses; one who acknowledges his sins.

2. One who makes a profession of his faith in the christian religion. The word is appropriately used to denote one who avows his religion in the face of danger, and adheres to it, in defiance of persecution and torture. It was formerly used as synonymous with martyr; afterwards it was applied to those who, having been persecuted and tormented, were permitted to die in peace. It was used also for such christians as lived a good life, and died with the reputation of sanctity.

Encyc.

3. A priest; one who hears the confessions of others, and has power to grant them absolution.

Romish Church.

Confest

CONFEST', participle passive [for confessed.] Owned; open; acknowledged; apparent; not disputed.

Confestly

CONFEST'LY, adverb [for confessedly.] Avowedly; indisputably. [Little used.]

Confidant

CON'FIDANT, noun [See Confident.]

Confide

CONFI'DE, verb transitive [Latin confido; con and fido, to trust; Italian confidare; Spanish Portugese confiar; French confier; Armoric fizyout. See Faith.]

To trust; to rely on, with a persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trusted or of the reality of a fact; to give credit to; to believe in, with assurance; followed by in. The prince confides in his ministers. The minister confides in the strength and resources of the nation. We confide in the veracity of the sacred historians. We confide in the truth of a report.

Confide

CONFI'DE, verb transitive To entrust; to commit to the charge of, with a belief in the fidelity of the person entrusted; to deliver into possession of another, with assurance of safe keeping, or good management; followed by to. We confide a secret to a friend. The prince confides a negotiation to his envoy. The common interests of the United States are confided to the Congress.

They would take the property out of the hands of those to whom it was confided by the charter.

Hopkinson.

Congress may, under the constitution, confide to the circuit court, jurisdiction of all offenses against the U. States.

Story.

Confided

CONFI'DED, participle passive Entrusted; committed to the care of, for preservation, or for performance or exercise.

Confidence

CON'FIDENCE, noun [Latin confidentia; Italian confidenza; Spanish confianza; French confiance, confidence. See Confide.]

1. A trusting, or reliance; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integrity, stability or veracity of another, or in the truth and reality of a fact.

It is better to trust in the Lord, than to put confidence in man. Psalm 118.

I rejoice that I have confidence in you in all things. 2 Corinthians 7.

Mutual confidence is the basis of social happiness.

I place confidence in a statement, or in an official report.

2. Trust; reliance; applied to one's own abilities, or fortune; belief in one's own competency.

His times being rather prosperous than calm, had raised his confidence by success.

Bacon.

3. That in which trust is placed; ground of trust; he or that which supports.

Israel was ashamed of Beth-el their confidence. Jeremiah 48.

Jehovah shall be thy confidence. Proverbs 3.

4. Safety, or assurance of safety; security.

They shall build houses and plant vineyards; yea, they shall dwell with confidence. Ezekiel 28.

5. Boldness; courage.

Preaching the kingdom of God with all confidence. Acts 28.

6. Excessive boldness; assurance, proceeding from vanity or a false opinion of one's own abilities, or excellencies.

Their confidence ariseth from too much credit given to their own wits.

Hooker.

Confident

CON'FIDENT, adjective Having full belief; trusting; relying; fully assured.

I am confident that much may be done towards the improvement of philosophy.

Boyle.

The troops rush on, confident of success.

2. Positive; dogmatical; as a confident talker.

3. Trusting; without suspicion.

Rome, be as just and gracious unto me,

As I am confident and kind to thee.

Shak.

4. Bold to a vice; having an excess of assurance.

The fool rageth and is confident. Proverbs 14.

Confident

CON'FIDENT, noun One entrusted with secrets; a confidential or bosom friend.

Dryden. Coxe. Mitford.

[This word has been usually, but improperly, written confidant. I have followed the regular English orthography, as Coxe and Mitford have done.]

Confidential

CONFIDEN'TIAL, adjective Enjoying the confidence of another; trusty; that may be safely trusted; as a confidential friend.

2. That is to be treated or kept in confidence; private: as a confidential matter.

3. Admitted to special confidence.

Confidentially

CONFIDEN'TIALLY, adverb In confidence; in reliance or secrecy.

Confidently

CON'FIDENTLY, adverb With firm trust; with strong assurance; without doubt or wavering of opinion; positively; as, to believe confidently; to assert confidently.

Confidentness

CON'FIDENTNESS, noun Confidence; the quality or state of having full reliance.

Confider

CONFI'DER, noun One who confides; one who entrusts to another.

Configurate

CONFIG'URATE, verb intransitive [Latin configuro. See Configure.]

To show like the aspects of the planets towards each other.

Jordan.

Configuration

CONFIGURA'TION, noun [French from Latin configuro.]

1. External form, figure, shape; the figure which bounds a body, and gives it its external appearance, constituting one of the principal differences between bodies.

Encyc.

2. Aspects of the planets; or the face of the horoscope, according to the aspects of the planets toward each other at any time.

Bailey. Johnson.

3. Resemblance of one figure to another.

Bailey. Jones.

Configure

CONFIG'URE, verb transitive [Latin configuro; con and figuro, to form; figura, figure.]

To form; to dispose in a certain form, figure or shape.

Bentley.

Confinable

CONFI'NABLE, adjective That may be confined or limited.

Bp. Hall.

Confine

CON'FINE, noun [Latin confinis, at the end or border, adjoining; confinium, a limit; con and finis, end, border, limit; Italian confine, confino; Spanish confin; French Portugese confins. See Fine.]

Border; edge; exterior part; the part of any territory which is at or near the end or extremity. It is used generally in the plural, and applied chiefly to countries, territory, cities, rivers, &c. We say, the confines of France, or of Scotland, and figuratively, the confines of light, of death, or the grave; but never, the confines of a book, table or small piece of land.

Confine

CON'FINE, adjective Bordering on; lying on the border; adjacent; having a common boundary.

Johnson.

Confine

CON'FINE, verb intransitive [French confiner; Spanish confinar; Italian confinare.]

To border on; to touch the limit; to be adjacent or contiguous, as one territory, kingdom or state to another; usually followed by on; sometimes by with. England confines on Scotland. Connecticut confines on Massachusetts, New-York, Rhode Island and the sound.

Confine

CONFI'NE, verb transitive [Spanish confinar; French confiner. See Supra.]

1. To bound or limit; to restrain within limits; hence, to imprison; to shut up; to restrain from escape by force or insurmountable obstacles, in a general sense; as, to confine horses or cattle to an inclosure; to confine water in a pond, to dam; to confine a garrison in a town; to confine a criminal in prison.

2. To immure; to keep close, by a voluntary act; to be much at home or in retirement; as, a man confines himself to his studies, or to his house.

3. To limit or restrain voluntarily, in some act or practice; as, a man may confine himself to the use of animal food.

4. To tie or bind; to make fast or close; as, to confine air in a bladder, or corn in a bag or sack.

5. To restrain by a moral force; as, to confine men by laws. The constitution of the United States confines the states to the exercise of powers of a local nature.

Confined

CONFI'NED, participle passive Restrained within limits; imprisoned; limited; secluded; close.

Confineless

CON'FINELESS, adjective Boundless; unlimited; without end.

Shak.

Confinement

CONFI'NEMENT, noun Restraint within limits; imprisonment; any restraint of liberty by force or other obstacle or necessity; as the confinement of a debtor or criminal to a prison, or of troops to a besieged town.

2. Voluntary restraint; seclusion; as the confinement of a man to his house, or to his studies.

3. Voluntary restraint in action or practice; as confinement to a particular diet.

4. Restraint from going abroad by sickness, particularly by child-birth.

Confiner

CONFI'NER, noun He or that which limits or restrains.

Confiner

CON'FINER, noun A borderer; one who lives on confines, or near the border of a country.

Shak.

2. He or that which is near the limit; a near neighbor; he or that which is adjacent or contiguous; as confiners in art; confiners between plants and animals, as oysters.

Wotton. Bacon.

Confining

CONFI'NING, participle of the present tense Restraining; limiting; imprisoning.

Confinity

CONFIN'ITY, noun [Latin confinitas.] Contiguity; nearness; neighborhood.

Dict.

Confirm

CONFIRM', verb transitive conferm'. [Latin confirmo; con and firmo, to make firm. See Firm.]

1. To make firm, or more firm; to add strength to; to strengthen; as, health is confirmed by exercise.

2. To fix more firmly; to settle or establish.

Confirming the souls of the disciples. Acts 14.

I confirm thee in the priesthood.

Maccabees.

Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs.

Shak.

3. To make firm or certain; to give new assurance of truth or certainty; to put past doubt.

The testimony of Christ was confirmed in you. 1 Cor. 1.

4. To fix; to radicate; as, the patient has a confirmed dropsy.

5. To strengthen; to ratify; as, to confirm an agreement, promise, covenant or title.

6. To make more firm; to strengthen; as, to confirm an opinion, a purpose or resolution.

7. To admit to the full privileges of a christian, by the imposition of hands.

Johnson.

Confirmable

CONFIRM'ABLE, adjective conferm'able. That may be confirmed, established or ratified; capable of being made more certain.

Brown.

Confirmation

CONFIRMA'TION, noun The act of confirming or establishing; a fixing, settling, establishing or making more certain or firm; establishment.

In the defense and confirmation of the gospel, ye are all partakers of my grace. Philippians 1.

2. The act of ratifying; as the confirmation of a promise, covenant, or stipulation.

3. The act of giving new strength; as the confirmation of health.

4. The act of giving new evidence; as the confirmation of opinion or report.

5. That which confirms; that which gives new strength or assurance; additional evidence; proof; convincing testimony; as, this fact or this argument is a confirmation of what was before alledged.

6. In law, an assurance of title, by the conveyance of an estate or right in esse, from one man to another, by which a voidable estate is made sure or unavoidable, or a particular estate is increased, or a possession made perfect.

Blackstone.

7. In church affairs, the act of ratifying the election of an archbishop or bishop, by the king, or by persons of his appointment.

Blackstone.

8. The act or ceremony of laying on of hands, in the admission of baptized persons to the enjoyment of christian privileges. The person to be confirmed brings his godfather and godmother, and takes upon himself the baptismal vows. This is practiced in the Greek, Roman and Episcopal churches.

Hammond. Encyc.

Confirmative

CONFIRM'ATIVE, adjective conferm'ative. Having the power of confirming; tending to establish.

Confirmator

CONFIRMA'TOR, noun He or that which confirms.

Brown.

Confirmatory

CONFIRM'ATORY, adjective conferm'atory. That serves to confirm; giving additional strength, force or stability, or additional assurance or evidence.

2. Pertaining to the rite of confirmation.

Bp. Compton.

Confirmed

CONFIRM'ED, participle passive conferm'ed. Made more firm; strengthened; established.

2. Admitted to the full privileges of the church.

Confirmedness

CONFIRM'EDNESS, noun conferm'edness. A fixed state.

Confirmer

CONFIRM'ER, noun conferm'er. He or that which confirms, establishes or ratifies; one that produces new evidence; an attester.

Shak.

Confirming

CONFIRM'ING, participle of the present tense conferm'ing. Making firm or more firm; strengthening; ratifying; giving additional evidence or proof; establishing.

Confirmingly

CONFIRM'INGLY, adverb conferm'ingly. In a manner to strengthen or make firm.

B. Jonson.

Confiscable

CONFIS'CABLE, adjective [See Confiscate.] That may be confiscated; liable to forfeiture.

Browne.

Confiscate

CON'FISCATE, verb transitive [Latin confisco; con and fiscus, a basket, hamper or bag; hence, revenue or the Emperor's treasure; Italian confiscare; French confisquer; Spanish confiscar.]

To adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury, as the goods or estate of a traitor or other criminal, by way of penalty; or to condemn private forfeited property to public use.

The estate of the rebels was seized and confiscated.

Anon.

Confiscate

CON'FISCATE, adjective Forfeited and adjudged to the public treasury, as the goods of a criminal.

Confiscated

CON'FISCATED, participle passive Adjudged to the public treasury, as forfeited goods or estate.

Confiscating

CON'FISCATING, participle of the present tense Adjudging to the public use.

Confiscation

CONFISCA'TION, noun The act of condemning as forfeited, and adjudging to the public treasury; as the goods of a criminal who has committed a public offense. Ez. 7:26.

Confiscator

CON'FISCATOR, noun One who confiscates.

Burke.

Confiscatory

CONFIS'CATORY, adjective Consigning to forfeiture.

Burke.

Confit

CON'FIT, noun A sweetmeat. [See Confect.]

Confitent

CON'FITENT, noun [Latin confitens. See Confess.] One who confesses his sins and faults. [Not much used.]

Confiture

CON'FITURE, noun [French from confire, confit; Latin confectura, conficio; con and facio. This word is corrupted into comfit, which is now used.]

A sweetmeat; confection; comfit.

Bacon.

Confix

CONFIX', verb transitive [Latin configo, confixum; con and figo, to fix, to thrust to or on. See Fix.]

To fix down; to fasten.

Shak.

Confixed

CONFIX'ED, participle passive Fixed down or to; fastened.

Confixing

CONFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Fixing to or on; fastening.

Confixure

CONFIX'URE, noun The act of fastening.

Mountagu.

Conflagrant

CONFLA'GRANT, adjective [Latin conflagrans, conflagro; con and flagro, to burn. See Flagrant.]

Burning together; involved in a common flame.

Milton.

Conflagration

CONFLAGRA'TION, noun [Latin conflagratio. See Flagrant.]

1. A great fire or the burning of any great mass of combustibles, as a house, but more especially a city or a forest.

Bentley.

2. The burning of the world at the consummation of things, when "the elements shall melt with fervent heat."

Conflation

CONFLA'TION, noun [Latin conflatio, from conflo; con and flo, to blow. See Blow.]

1. The act of blowing two or more instruments together.

Bacon.

2. A melting or casting of metal. [Little used.]

Conflexure

CONFLEX'URE, noun A bending. [Not used.]

Conflict

CON'FLICT, noun [Latin conflictus, from confligo; con and fligo, to strike, to flog, to lick; Spanish conflicto; Italian conflitto; French conflit.]

1. A striking or dashing against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition; violent collision of substances; as a conflict of elements, or waves; a conflict of partieles in ebullition.

2. A fighting; combat, as between men, and applicable to individuals or to armies; as, the conflict was long and desperate.

3. Contention; strife; contest.

In our last conflict, four of his five wits went halting off.

Shak.

4. A struggling with difficulties; a striving to oppose, or overcome.

The good man has a perpetual conflict with his evil propensities.

5. A struggling of the mind; distress; anxiety. Colossians 2.

6. The last struggle of life; agony; as the conflict with death.

Thomson.

7. Opposing operations; countervailing action; collision; opposition.

In exercising the right of freemen, the man of religion experiences no conflict between his duty and his inclination.

J. Appleton.

Conflict

CONFLICT', verb intransitive To strike or dash against; to meet and oppose, as bodies driven by violence; as conflicting waves or elements.

2. To drive or strike against, as contending men, or armies; to fight; to contend with violence; as conflicting armies.

3. To strive or struggle to resist and overcome; as men conflicting with difficulties.

4. To be in opposition or contradictory.

The laws of the United States and of the individual States, may, in some cases, conflict with each other.

Ogden, Wheaton's Rep.

Conflicting

CONFLICT'ING, participle of the present tense Striking, or dashing together; fighting; contending; struggling to resist and overcome.

2. adjective Being in opposition; contrary; contradictory.

In the absence of all conflicting evidence.

Story.

Confluence

CON'FLUENCE, noun [Latin confluentia, from confluo; con and fluo, to flow. See Flow.]

1. A flowing together; the meeting or junction of two or more streams of water, or other fluid; also, the place of meeting; as the confluence of the Tigris and the Frat, or of the Ohio and Mississippi.

2. The running together of people; the act of meeting and crowding in a place; a crowd; a concourse; the latter word is more generally used.

Temple. Shak.

3. A collection; meeting; assemblage.

Boyle.

Confluent

CON'FLUENT, adjective [Latin confluens.] Flowing together; meeting in their course, as two streams; as confluent streams.

Blackmore.

2. In medical science, running together, and spreading over a large surface of the body; as the confluent small-pox.

Encyc.

3. In botany, united at the base; growing in tufts, as confluent leaves; running into each other, as confluent lobes.

Martyn.

Conflux

CON'FLUX, noun [Low Latin confluxio, from confluo. See Confluence.]

1. A flowing together; a meeting of two or more currents of a fluid.

Shak.

2. A collection; a crowd; a multitude collected; as a general conflux of people.

Clarendon.

Confluxibility

CONFLUXIBIL'ITY, noun The tendency of fluids to run together. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Conform

CONFORM', adjective [Latin conformis; con and forma, form.]

Made to resemble; assuming the same form; like; resembling. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Conform

CONFORM', verb transitive [Latin conformo; con and formo, to form, or shape, from forma, form.]

1. To make like, in external appearance; to reduce to a like shape, or form, with something else; with to; as, to conform any thing to a model.

2. More generally, to reduce to a likeness or correspondence in manners, opinions or moral qualities.

For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his son. Romans 8.

Be not conformed to this world. Romans 12.

3. To make agreeable to; to square with a rule or directory.

Demand of them why they conform not themselves to the order of the church?

Hooker.

Conform

CONFORM', verb intransitive To comply with or yield to; to live or act according to; as, to conform to the fashion or to custom.

2. To comply with; to obey; as, to conform to the laws of the state.

Conformable

CONFORM'ABLE, adjective Correspondent; having the same or similar external form, or shape; like; resembling; as an edifice conformable to a model or draft.

2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions or moral qualities.

The Gentiles were not made conformable to the Jews, in that which was to cease at the coming of Christ.

Hooker.

3. Agreeable; suitable; consistent; as, nature is conformableto herself.

Newton.

4. Compliant; ready to follow directions; submissive; obsequious; peaceable; disposed to obey.

I have been to you a true and humble wife,

At all time to your will conformable.

Shak.

It is generally followed by to, but good writers have used with. In its etymological sense, that may be conformed, capable of being conformed, it seems not to be used.

Conformably

CONFORM'ABLY, adverb With or in conformity; suitably; agreeably.

Let us settle, in our own minds, what rules to pursue and act conformably.

Conformation

CONFORMA'TION, noun The manner in which a body is formed; the particular texture or structure of a body, or disposition of the parts which compose it; form; structure; often with relation to some other body, and with adaptation to some purpose or effect.

Light of different colors is reflected from bodies, according to their different conformation. Varieties of sound depend on the conformation of the organs.

2. The act of conforming; the act of producing suitableness, or conformity; with to; as the conformation of our hearts and lives to the duties of true religion.

Watts.

3. In medical science, the particular make or construction of the body peculiar to an individual; as a good or bad conformation.

Encyc.

Conformed

CONFORM'ED, participle passive Made to resemble; reduced to a likeness of; made agreeable to; suited.

Conformer

CONFORM'ER, noun One who conforms; one who complies with established forms or doctrines.

Conforming

CONFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Reducing to a likeness; adapting; complying with.

Conformist

CONFORM'IST, noun One who conforms or complies; appropriately, one who complies with the worship of the church of England or of the established church, as distinguished from a dissenter, or nonconformist.

Conformity

CONFORM'ITY, noun Likeness; correspondence with a model in form or manner; resemblance; agreement; congruity with something else; followed by to or with.

A ship is constructed in conformity to a model, or in conformity with a model.

True happiness consists in conformity of life to the divine law.

2. Consistency; agreement.

Many instances prove the conformity of the essay with the notions of Hippocrates.

Arbuthnot.

3. In theology, correspondence in manners and principles; compliance with customs.

Live not in conformity with the world.

Anon.

Confortation

CONFORTA'TION, noun [See Comfort.] The act of comforting or giving strength. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Confound

CONFOUND', verb transitive [French confondre; Latin confundo; con and fundo, to pour out; Italian confondere; Spanish Portugese confundir. Literally, to pour or throw together.]

1. To mingle and blend different things, so that their forms or natures cannot be distinguished; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that individuals cannot be distinguished.

2. To throw into disorder.

Let us go down, and there confound their language. Genesis 11.

3. To mix or blend, so as to occasion a mistake of one thing for another.

A fluid body and a wetting liquor, because they agree in many things, are wont to be confounded.

Boyle.

Men may confound ideas with words.

4. To perplex; to disturb the apprehension by indistinctnes of ideas or words.

Men may confound each other by unintelligible terms or wrong application of words.

5. To abash; to throw the mind into disorder; to cast down; to make ashamed.

Be thou confounded and bear thy shame. Ezekiel 16.

Saul confounded the Jews at Damascus. Acts 9.

6. To perplex with terror; to terrify; to dismay; to astonish; to throw into consternation; to stupify with amazement.

So spake the Son of God; and Satan stood

A while as mute, confounded what to say.

Milton.

The multitude came together and were confounded. Acts 2.

7. To destroy; to overthrow.

So deep a malice to confound the race

Of mankind in one root.

Milton.

Confounded

CONFOUND'ED, participle passive Mixed or blended in disorder; perplexed; abashed; dismayed; put to shame and silence; astonished.

2. adjective Enormous; as a confounded tory. [Vulgar.]

Confoundedly

CONFOUND'EDLY, adverb Enormously; greatly; shamefully; as, he was confoundedly avaricious. [A low word.]

Confoundedness

CONFOUND'EDNESS, noun The state of being confounded.

Milton.

Confounder

CONFOUND'ER, noun One who confounds; one who disturbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates and puts to shame or silence; one who terrifies.

Confounding

CONFOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Mixing and blending; putting into disorder; perplexing; disturbing the mind; abashing, and putting to shame and silence; astonishing.

Confraternity

CONFRATER'NITY, noun [Italian confraternitÃƒ- ; French confraternitÃƒ-©; con and Latin fraternitas, fraternity, from frater, brother.]

A brotherhood; a society or body of men, united for some purpose or in some profession; as the confraternity of Jesuits.

Confrication

CONFRICA'TION, noun [Italian confricazione, friction; Latin confrico; con and frico, to rub. See Friction.]

A rubbing against; friction.

Bacon.

Confrier

CONFRI'ER, noun [French confrere.] One of the same religious order.

Weever.

Confront

CONFRONT', verb transitive [Italian confrontare; Spanish Portugese confrontar; French confronter; con and front, the forehead, or front, Latin frons.]

To stand face to face in full view; to face; to stand in front.

He spoke and then confronts the bull.

Dryden.

2. To stand in direct opposition; to oppose.

The East and West churches did both confront the Jews, and concur with them.

Hooker.

3. To set face to face; to bring into the presence of; as an accused person and a witness, in court, for examination and discovery of the truth; followed by with.

The witnesses are confronted with the accused, the accused with one another, or the witnesses with one another.

Encyc.

4. To set together for comparison; to compare one thing with another.

When I confront a medal with a verse, I only show you the same design executed by different hands.

Addison.

Confrontation

CONFRONTA'TION, noun The act of bringing two persons into the presence of each other for examination and discovery of truth.

Confronted

CONFRONT'ED, participle passive Set face to face, or in opposition; brought into the presence of.

Confronting

CONFRONT'ING, participle of the present tense Setting or standing face to face, or in opposition, or in presence of.

Confuse

CONFU'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin confusus; French confus; from Latin confundo. See Confound.]

1. To mix or blend things, so that they cannot be distinguished.

Stunning sounds and voices all confused.

Milton.

Every battle of the warrior is with confused noise. Isaiah 9.

2. To disorder; as, a sudden alarm confused the troops; a careless bookkeeper has confused the accounts.

3. To perplex; to render indistinct; as, the clamor confused his ideas.

4. To throw the mind into disorder; to cast down or abash; to cause to blush; to agitate by surprise, or shame; to disconcert.

A sarcastic remark confused the gentleman and he could not proceed in his argument.

Confused and sadly she at length replied.

Pope.

Confused

CONFU'SED, participle passive Mixed; blended, so that the things or persons mixed cannot be distinguished.

Some cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused. Acts 19.

2. Perplexed by disorder, or want of system; as a confused account.

3. Abashed; put to the blush or to shame; agitated; disconcerted.

Confusedly

CONFU'SEDLY, adverb In a mixed mass; without order or separation; indistinctly; not clearly; tumultuously; with agitation of mind; without regularity or system.

Confusedness

CONFU'SEDNESS, noun A state of being confused; want of order, distinction or clearness.

The cause of the confusedness of our notions is want of attention.

Norris.

Confusion

CONFU'SION, noun In a general sense, a mixture of several things promiscuously; hence, disorder; irregularity; as the confusion of tongues at Babel.

2. Tumult; want of order in society.

The whole city was filled with confusion. Acts 19.

God is not the author of confusion. 1 Corinthians 14.

3. A blending or confounding; indistinct combination; opposed to distinctness or perspicuity; as a confusion of ideas.

4. Abashment; shame.

O Lord, let me never be put to confusion. Psalm 71.

We lie in shame and our confusion covereth us. Jeremiah 3.

5. Astonishment; agitation; pertubation; distraction of mind.

Confusion dwelt in every face.

Spectator.

6. Overthrow; defeat; ruin.

The makers of idols shall go to confusion together. Isaiah 45.

7. A shameful blending of natures, a shocking crime. Leviticus 18:23. xx. 12.

Confutable

CONFU'TABLE, adjective [See Confute.] That may be confuted, disproved or overthrown; that may be shown to be false, defective or invalid; as, an argument or a course of reasoning is confutable.

Confutant

CONFU'TANT, noun One who confutes or undertakes to confute.

Milton.

Confutation

CONFUTA'TION, noun The act of confuting, disproving, or proving to be false, or invalid; refutation; overthrow; as of arguments, opinions, reasoning, theory, or error.

Confute

CONFU'TE, verb transitive [Latin confuto; con and ant. futo; Spanish confutar; Italian confutare. Class Bd.]

1. To disprove; to prove to be false, defective or invalid; to overthrow; as, to confute arguments, reasoning, theory, error.

2. To prove to be wrong; to convict of error, by argument or proof; as, to confute an advocate at the bar; to confute a writer.

Confuted

CONFU'TED, participle passive Disproved; proved to be false, defective or unsound; overthrown by argument, fact or proof.

Confuter

CONFU'TER, noun One who disproves, or confutes.

Morton.

Confuting

CONFU'TING, participle of the present tense Disproving; proving to be false, defective or invalid; overthrowing by argument or proof.

Conge

CON'GE, n. con'jee. [French congÃƒ-©, leave, permission, discharge, contracted from conged; verb, congedier, to dismiss; Italian congedo, leave, permission; congedare, to give leave; Armoric congea. The verb is a compound of con and ged; Welsh gadaw, to quit, to leave, to permit; gad, leave. Gadaw is the Celtic form of the Latin cedo. Conged is therefore concedo.]

1. Leave; farewell; parting ceremony.

Spenser.

2. The act of respect performed at the parting of friends. Hence, the customary act of civility, on other occasions; a bow or a courtesy.

The captain salutes you with conge profound.

Swift.

Conge

CONGE', verb intransitive To take leave with the customary civilities; to bow or courtesy.

The preterite congeed is tolerable in English; but congeing will not be admitted, and congeeing is an anomaly.

Conge d'elire, in ecclesiastical affairs, the king's license or permission to a dean and chapter, to choose a bishop; or to an abbey or priory of his own foundation, to choose their abbot or prior. The king of Great Britain, as sovereign patron, had formerly the appointment of all ecclesiastical dignities; investing by crosier and ring, and afterwards by letters patent. But now the king, on demand, sends his conge d'elire to the dean and chapter, with a letter missive, containing the name of the person he would have them elect, and if they delay the election twelve days, the nomination devolves on the king, who may appoint by letters patent.

Encyc. Cowel. Blackstone.

Conge

CON'GE, noun In architecture, a mold in form of a quarter round, or a cavetto, which serves to separate two members from one another; such as that which joins the shaft of the column to the cincture, called also apophyge. Also, a ring or ferrule, formerly used on the extremities of columns to keep them from splitting; afterwards imitated in stone-work.

Encyc.

Congeal

CONGE'AL, verb transitive [Latin congelo; con and gelo, to freeze; French congeler; Italian congelare; Spanish congelar; Armoric caledi. This may be connected with the Welsh ceulaw, to curdle or coagulate, from caul, a calf's maw; also, rennet, curd and chyle. The Latin gelo has the elements of cool, but it may be a different word.]

1. To change from a fluid to a solid state, as by cold, or a loss of heat, as water in freezing, liquid metal or wax in cooling, blood in stagnating or cooling, &c.; to harden into ice, or into a substance of less solidity. Cold congeals water into ice, or vapor into hoar frost or snow, and blood into a less solid mass, or clot.

2. To bind or fix with cold. Applied to the circulating blood, it does not signify absolutely to harden, but to cause a sensation of cold, a shivering, or a receding of the blood from the extremities; as, the frightful scene congealed his blood.

Congeal

CONGE'AL, verb intransitive To grow hard, stiff or thick; to pass from a fluid to a solid state; to concrete into a solid mass. Melted lead congeals; water congeals; blood congeals.

Congealable

CONGE'ALABLE, adjective That may be congealed; capable of being converted from a fluid to a solid state.

Bacon.

Congealed

CONGE'ALED, participle passive Converted into ice, or a solid mass, by the loss of heat or other process; concreted.

Congealing

CONGE'ALING, participle of the present tense Changing from a liquid to a solid state; concreting.

Congealment

CONGE'ALMENT, noun A clot or concretion; that which is formed by congelation. Also, congelation.

Congelation

CONGELA'TION, noun [Latin congelatio.] The process of passing, or the act of converting, from a fluid to a solid state; or the state of being congealed; concretion. It differs from crystalization in this: in congelation the whole substance of a fluid may become solid; in crystalization, when a salt is formed, a portion of liquid is left. But the congelation of water is a real crystalization.

Encyc.

Congener

CONGE'NER, noun [Latin congener; con and gener, kind, race.]

A thing of the same kind or nature.

The cherry tree has been often grafted on the laurel, to which it is a congener.

Miller.

Congener

CONGE'NER, or CONGEN'EROUS, adjective Of the same kind or nature; allied in origin or cause; as congenerous bodies; congenerous diseases.

Brown. Arbuthnot.

Congeneracy

CONGEN'ERACY, noun Similarity of origin.

Congeneric

CONGENER'IC, adjective Being of the same kind or nature.

Congenerousness

CONGEN'EROUSNESS, noun The quality of being from the same original, or of belonging to the same class.

Dict.

Congenial

CONGE'NIAL, adjective [Latin con and genus, whence genialis, genial. See Generate.]

1. Partaking of the same genus, kind or nature; kindred; cognate; as congenial souls.

2. Belonging to the nature; natural; agreeable to the nature; usually followed by to; as, this severity is not congenial to him.

3. Natural; agreeable to the nature; adapted; as a soil congenial to a plant.

Congeniality

CONGENIAL'ITY, or CONGE'NIALNESS, noun Participation of the same genus, nature or original; cognation; natural affinity; suitableness.

Wotton.

Congenite

CONGEN'ITE, or CONGEN'ITAL, adjective [Latin congenitus; con and genitus, born, from gigno, to beget, gignor, to be born.]

Of the same birth; born with another; connate; begotten together.

Many conclusions of moral and intellectual truths seem to be congenite with us.

Hale.

Native or congenital varieties of animals.

Lawrence.

Conger

CON'GER, n. cong'gur. [Latin conger or congrus; Greek, or; Italian gongro; French congre.]

The sea-eel; a large species of eel, sometimes growing to the length of ten feet, and weighing a hundred pounds. In Cornwall, England, it is an article of commerce, being shipped to Spain and Portugal.

Encyc.

Congeries

CONGE'RIES, noun [Latin from congero, to bring together, to amass; con and gero, to bear.]

A collection of several particles or bodies in one mass or aggregate.

Boyle.

Congest

CONGEST', verb transitive [Latin congero, congestum; con and gero, to bear.]

To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate.

Raleigh.

Congestible

CONGEST'IBLE, adjective That may be collected into a mass.

Congestion

CONGES'TION, noun [Latin congestio.] A collection of humors in an animal body, hardened into a tumor. An accumulation of blood in a part.

Encyc. Coxe.

Congiary

CON'GIARY, noun [Latin congiarium, from congius, a measure; French congiaire.]

Properly, a present made by the Roman emperors to the people; originally in corn or wine measured out to them in a congius, a vessel holding a gallon or rather more. In present usage, a gift or a donative represented on a medal.

Encyc. Addison.

Conglaciate

CONGLA'CIATE, verb intransitive [Latin conglacio; con and glacio, to freeze; glacies, ice.]

To turn to ice; to freeze.

Brown.

Conglaciation

CONGLACIA'TION, noun The act of changing into ice, or the state of being converted to ice; a freezing; congelation.

Brown.

Conglobate

CONGLO'BATE, adjective [Latin conglobatus, from conglobo; con and globo, to collect or to make round; globus, a ball. See Globe.]

Formed or gathered into a ball. A conglobate gland is a single or lymphatic gland, a small smooth body, covered in a fine skin, admitting only an artery and a lymphatic vessel to pass in, and a vein and a lymphatic vessel to pass out.

Parr. Coxe.

Conglobate

CONGLO'BATE, verb transitive To collect or form into a ball or hard, round substance.

Grew.

Conglobated

CONGLO'BATED, participle passive Collected or formed into a ball.

Conglobately

CONGLO'BATELY, adverb In a round or roundish form.

Conglobation

CONGLOBA'TION, noun The act of forming into a ball; a round body.

Conglobe

CONGLO'BE, verb transitive [Latin conglobo; con and globo, from globus, a round body.]

To gather into a ball; to collect into a round mass.

Milton.

Conglobe

CONGLO'BE, verb intransitive To collect, unite or coalesce in a round mass.

Milton.

Conglobed

CONGLO'BED, participle passive Collected into a ball.

Conglobing

CONGLO'BING, participle of the present tense Gathering into a round mass or ball.

Conglobulate

CONGLOB'ULATE, verb intransitive To gather into a little round mass, or globule.

Johnson.

Conglomerate

CONGLOM'ERATE, adjective [Latin conglomero; con and glomero, to wind into a ball, from glomus, a ball, a clew. See Glomerate.]

1. Gathered into a ball or round body. A conglomerate gland is composed of many smaller glands, whose excretory ducts unite in a common one, as the liver, kidneys, pancreas, parotids, &c. Each little granulated portion furnishes a small tube, which unites with other similar ducts, to form the common excretory duct of the gland.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. In botany, conglomerate flowers grow on a branching peduncle or foot stalk, on short pedicles, closely compacted together without order; opposed to diffused.

Martyn.

3. Conglomerate rocks. [See Pudding-stone.]

Conglomerate

CONGLOM'ERATE, verb transitive To gather into a ball or round body; to collect into a round mass.

Grew.

Conglomerate

CONGLOM'ERATE, noun In mineralogy, a sort of pudding-stone, or coarse sandstone, composed of pebbles of quartz, flint, siliceous slate, &c.

Cleaveland.

Conglomerated

CONGLOM'ERATED, participle passive Gathered into a ball or round mass.

Conglomerating

CONGLOM'ERATING, participle of the present tense Collecting into a ball.

Conglomeration

CONGLOMERA'TION, noun The act of gathering into a ball; the state of being thus collected; collection; accumulation.

Conglutinant

CONGLU'TINANT, adjective [See Conglutinate.] Gluing; uniting; healing.

Bacon.

Conglutinant

CONGLU'TINANT, noun A medicine that heals wounds.

Conglutinate

CONGLU'TINATE, verb transitive [Latin conglutino; con and glutino, from gluten, glue. See Glue.]

1. To glue together; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance.

2. To heal; to unite the separated parts of a wound by a tenacious substance.

Conglutinate

CONGLU'TINATE, verb intransitive To coalesce; to unite by the intervention of a callus.

Johnson.

Conglutinated

CONGLU'TINATED, participle passive Glued together; united by a tenacious substance.

Conglutinating

CONGLU'TINATING, participle of the present tense Gluing together; uniting or closing by a tenacious substance.

Conglutination

CONGLUTINA'TION, noun The act of gluing together; a joining by means of some tenacious substance; a healing by uniting the parts of a wound; union.

Arbuthnot.

Conglutinative

CONGLU'TINATIVE, adjective Having the power of uniting by glue or other substance of like nature.

Conglutinator

CONGLU'TINATOR, noun That which has the power of uniting wounds.

Woodward.

Congo

CON'GO, n. cong'go. A species of tea from China.

Congratulant

CONGRAT'ULANT, adjective Rejoicing in participation.

Milton.

Congratulate

CONGRAT'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin congratulor; con and gratulor, from gratus, grateful, pleasing. See Grace.]

To profess one's pleasure or joy to another on account of an event deemed happy or fortunate, as on the birth of a child, success in an enterprise, victory, escape from danger, &c.; to wish joy to another. We congratulate the nation on the restoration of peace.

Formerly this verb was followed by to. "The subjects of England may congratulate to themselves." Dryden. But this use of to is entirely obsolete. The use of with after this verb, "I congratulate with my country," is perhaps less objectionable, but is rarely used. The intransitive sense of the verb may therefore be considered as antiquated, and no longer legitimate.

Congratulated

CONGRAT'ULATED, participle passive Complimented with expressions of joy at a happy event.

Congratulating

CONGRAT'ULATING, participle of the present tense Professing one's joy or satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or success.

Congratulation

CONGRATULA'TION, noun The act of professing one's joy or good wishes at the success or happiness of another, or on account of an event deemed fortunate to both parties or to the community.

Congratulator

CONGRAT'ULATOR, noun One who offers congratulation.

Milton.

Congratulatory

CONGRAT'ULATORY, adjective Expressing joy for the good fortune of another, or for an event fortunate for both parties or for the community.

Congree

CONGREE', verb intransitive To agree. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Congreet

CONGREE'T, verb transitive To salute mutually. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Congregate

CON'GREGATE, verb transitive [Latin congrego; con and grex, a herd, Welsh gre. See Gregarious.]

To collect separate persons or things into an assemblage; to assemble; to bring into one place, or into a crowd or united body; as, to congregate men or animals; to congregate waters or sands.

Hooker. Milton. Shak.

Congregate

CON'GREGATE, verb intransitive To come together; to assemble; to meet.

Equals with equals often congregate.

Denham.

Congregate

CON'GREGATE, adjective Collected; compact; close. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Congregated

CON'GREGATED, participle passive Collected; assembled in one place.

Congregating

CON'GREGATING, participle of the present tense Collecting; assembling; coming together.

Congregation

CONGREGA'TION, noun The act of bringing together, or assembling.

2. A collection or assemblage of separate things; as a congregation of vapors.

Shak.

3. More generally, an assembly of persons; and appropriately, an assembly of persons met for the worship of God, and for religious instruction.

Hooker.

4. An assembly of rulers. Numbers 35.

5. An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals appointed by the pope; as the congregation of the holy office, &c. Also, a company or society of religious cantoned out of an order.

Encyc.

6. An academical assembly for transacting business of the university.

England.

Congregational

CONGREGA'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a congregation; appropriately used of such christians as hold to church government by consent and election, maintaining that each congregation is independent of others, and has the right to choose its own pastor and govern itself; as a congregational church, or mode of worship.

Congregationalism

CONGREGA'TIONALISM, noun Ecclesiastical government in the hands of each church, as an independent body.

Congregationalist

CONGREGA'TIONALIST, noun One who belongs to a congregational church or society; one who holds to the independence of each congregation or church of christians, in the right of electing a pastor, and in governing the church.

Congress

CON'GRESS, noun [Latin congressus, from congredior, to come together; con and gradior, to go or step; gradus, a step. See Grade and Degree.]

1. A meeting of individuals; an assembly of envoys, commissioners, deputies, &c., particularly a meeting of the representatives of several courts, to concert measures for their common good, or to adjust their mutual concerns.

Europe.

2. The assembly of delegates of the several British Colonies in America, which united to resist the claims of Great Britain in 1774, and which declared the colonies independent.

3. The assembly of the delegates of the several United States, after the declaration of Independence, and until the adoption of the present constitution, and the organization of the government in 1789. During these periods, the congress consisted of one house only.

4. The assembly of senators and representatives of the several states of North America, according to the present constitution, or political compact, by which they are united in a federal republic; the legislature of the United States, consisting of two houses, a senate and a house of representatives. Members of the senate are elected for six years, but the members of the house of representatives are chosen for two years only. Hence the united body of senators and representatives for the two years, during which the representatives hold their seats, is called one congress. Thus we say the first or second session of the sixteenth congress.

5. A meeting of two or more persons in a contest; an encounter; a conflict.

Dryden.

6. The meeting of the sexes in sexual commerce.

Congression

CONGRES'SION, noun A company. [Not in use.]

Congressional

CONGRES'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a congress, or to the congress of the United States; as congressional debates.

The congressional institution of Amphictyons in Greece.

Barlow.

Congressive

CONGRES'SIVE, adjective Meeting, as the sexes.

Brown.

2. Encountering.

Congrue

CONGRU'E, verb intransitive To agree. [Not used.]

Shak.

Congruence

CON'GRUENCE, or CONGRU'ENCY, noun [Latin congruentia, from congruo, to agree, or suit.]

Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement; consistency.

More.

Congruent

CON'GRUENT, adjective Suitable; agreeing; correspondent.

Davies.

Congruity

CONGRU'ITY, noun Suitableness; the relation of agreement between things.

There is no congruity between a mean subject and a lofty style; but an obvious congruity between an elevated station and dignified deportment.

2. Fitness; pertinence.

A whole sentence may fail of its congruity by wanting a particle.

Sidney.

3. Reason; consistency; propriety.

Hooker.

4. In school divinity, the good actions which are supposed to render it meet and equitable that God should confer grace on those who perform them. The merit of congruity is a sort of imperfect qualification for the gift and reception of God's grace.

Milner.

5. In geometry, figures or lines, which when laid over one another, exactly correspond, are in congruity.

Johnson.

Congruous

CON'GRUOUS, adjective [Latin congruus.] Suitable; consistent; agreeable to. Light airy music and a solemn or mournful occasion are not congruous. Obedience to God is congruous to the light of reason.

Locke.

2. Rational; fit.

It is not congruous that God should be always frightening men into an acknowledgment of the truth.

Atterbury.

Congruously

CON'GRUOUSLY, adverb Suitably; pertinently; agreeably; consistently.

Boyle.

Conic

CON'IC, or CON'ICAL, adjective [Latin conicus; Greek. See Cone.]

1. Having the form of a cone; round and decreasing to a point; as a conic figure; a conical vessel.

2. Pertaining to a cone; as conic sections.

Conic Section, a curve line formed by the intersection of a cone and plane. The conic sections are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipsis.

Bailey.

Conically

CON'ICALLY, adverb In the form of a cone.

Boyle.

Conicalness

CON'ICALNESS, noun The state or quality of being conical.

Conics

CON'ICS, noun That part of geometry which treats of the cone and the curves which arise from its sections.

Johnson.

Coniferous

CONIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin conifer, coniferus; from conus and fero, to bear.]

Bearing cones; producing hard, dry, scaly seed-vessels of a conical figure, as the pine, fir, cypress and beech.

Martyn. Encyc.

Coniform

CO'NIFORM, adjective [cone and form.] In form of a cone; conical; as a coniform mountain of Potosi.

Kirwan.

Conite

CO'NITE, noun [Greek, dust.] A mineral of an ash or greenish gray color, which becomes brown by exposure to the air, occurring massive or stalactitic; found in Saxony and in Iceland.

Ure.

Conject

CONJECT', verb transitive To throw together, or to throw. [Not used.]

Mountagu.

Conject

CONJECT', verb intransitive To guess. [Not used.]

Shak.

Conjector

CONJEC'TOR, noun [Latin from conjicio, to cast together; con and jacio, to throw.]

One who guesses or conjectures. [See Conjecture.]

Swift.

Conjecturable

CONJEC'TURABLE, adjective That may be guessed or conjectured.

Conjectural

CONJEC'TURAL, adjective Depending on conjecture; done or said by guess; as a conjectural opinion.

Conjecturally

CONJEC'TURALLY, adverb Without proof, or evidence; by conjecture; by guess; as, this opinion was given conjecturally.

Conjecture

CONJEC'TURE, noun [Latin conjectura; French conjecture; Italian congettura, or conghiettura; Spanish conjetura; Portugese conjectura or conjeitura. See Conjector.]

1. Literally, a casting or throwing together of possible or probable events; or a casting of the mind to something future, or something past but unknown; a guess, formed on a supposed possibility or probability of a fact, or on slight evidence; preponderance of opinion without proof; surmise. We speak of future or unknown things by conjecture, and of probable or unfounded conjectures.

2. Idea; notion.

Shak.

Conjecture

CONJEC'TURE, verb transitive To guess; to judge by guess, or by the probability or the possibility of a fact, or by very slight evidence; to form an opinion at random. What will be the issue of a war, we may conjecture, but cannot know. He conjectured that some misfortune had happened.

Conjectured

CONJEC'TURED, participle passive Guessed; surmised.

Conjecturer

CONJEC'TURER, noun One who guesses; a guesser; one who forms or utters an opinion without proof.

Addison.

Conjecturing

CONJEC'TURING, participle of the present tense Guessing; surmising.

Conjoin

CONJOIN', verb transitive [French conjoindre; Italian congiugnere, or congiungere; Latin conjungo; con and jungo, to join. See Join.]

1. To join together, without any thing intermediate; to unite two or more persons or things in close connection; as, to conjoin friends; to conjoin man and woman in marriage.

Dryden. Shak.

2. To associate, or connect.

Let that which he learns next be nearly conjoined with what he knows already.

Locke.

Conjoin

CONJOIN', verb intransitive To unite; to join; to league.

Shak.

Conjoined

CONJOIN'ED, participle passive Joined to or with; united; associated.

Conjoining

CONJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Joining together; uniting; connecting.

Conjoint

CONJOINT', adjective United; connected; associate.

Conjoint degrees, in music, two notes which follow each other immediately in the order of the scale; as ut and re.

Johnson.

Conjoint tetrachords, two tetrachords or fourths, where the same chord is the highest of one and the lowest of the other.

Encyc.

Conjointly

CONJOINT'LY, adverb Jointly; unitedly; in union; together.

Dryden.

Conjugal

CON'JUGAL, adjective [Latin conjugalis, from conjugium, marriage; conjugo, to yoke or couple; con and jugo, id. See Join and Yoke.]

1. Belonging to marriage; matrimonial; connubial; as conjugal relation; conjugal ties.

2. Suitable to the married state; becoming a husband in relation to his consort, or a consort in relation to her husband; as conjugal affection.

Conjugally

CON'JUGALLY, adverb Matrimonially; connubially.

Conjugate

CON'JUGATE, verb transitive [Latin conjugo, conjugatus, to couple; con and jugo, to yoke, to marry. See Join and Yoke.]

1. To join; to unite in marriage. [Not now used.]

Wotton.

2. In grammar, to distribute the parts or inflections of a verb, into the several voices, modes, tenses, numbers and persons, so as to show their connections, distinctions, and modes of formation. Literally, to connect all the inflections of a verb, according to their derivation, or all the variations of one verb. In English, as the verb undergoes few variations, conjugation consists chiefly in combining the words which unitedly form the several tenses in the several persons.

Conjugate

CON'JUGATE, noun A word agreeing in derivation with another word, and therefore generally resembling it in signification.

We have learned in logic, that conjugates are sometimes in name only, and not in deed.

Bramhall.

Conjugate

CON'JUGATE, adjective In botany, a conjugate leaf is a pinnate leaf which has only one pair of leaflets; a conjugate raceme has two racemes only, united by a common peduncle.

Martyn.

Conjugate diameter or axis, in geometry, a right line bisecting the transverse diameter; the shortest of the two diameters of an ellipsis.

Chambers. Encyc.

Conjugation

CONJUGA'TION, noun [Latin conjugatio.] A couple or pair; as a conjugation of nerves. [Little used.]

Brown.

2. The act of uniting or compiling; union; assemblage.

Bentley. Taylor.

3. In grammar, the distribution of the several inflections or variations of a verb, in their different voices, modes, tenses, numbers and persons; a connected scheme of all the derivative forms of a verb.

Conjunct

CONJUNCT', adjective [Latin conjunctus, from conjungo. See Conjoin.]

Conjoined; united; concurrent.

Shak.

Conjunction

CONJUNC'TION, noun [Latin conjunctio. See Conjoin.]

1. Union; connection; association by treaty or otherwise.

Bacon. South.

2. In astronomy, the meeting of two or more stars or planets in the same degree of the zodiac; as the conjunction of the moon with the sun, or of Jupiter and Saturn.

3. In grammar, a connective or connecting word; an indeclinable word which serves to unite sentences or the clauses of a sentence and words, joining two or more simple sentences into one compound one, and continuing it at the pleasure of the writer or speaker.

This book cost one dollar and ten cents.

God called the light day and the darkness he called night.

Virtue and vice are not compatible.

The hope of the righteous shall be gladness, but the expectation of the wicked shall perish. Proverbs 10.

4. The copulation of the sexes.

Smith's Tour.

Conjunctive

CONJUNC'TIVE, adjective Closely united.

Shak.

2. Uniting; serving to unite.

3. In grammar, the conjunctive mode is that which follows a conjunction, or expresses some condition, or contingency. It is more generally called subjunctive.

Conjunctively

CONJUNC'TIVELY, adverb In conjunction, or union; together.

Brown.

Conjunctiveness

CONJUNC'TIVENESS, noun The quality of conjoining or uniting.

Conjunctly

CONJUNCT'LY, adverb In union; jointly; together.

Conjuncture

CONJUNC'TURE, noun [French conjoncture. See Conjoin.]

1. A joining; a combination or union, as of causes, events or circumstances; as an unhappy conjuncture of affairs.

2. An occasion; a critical time, proceeding from a union of circumstances. Juncture is used in a like sense.

At that conjuncture, peace was very desirable.

3. Union; connection; mode of union; as the conjunctures of letters in words.

Holder.

4. Connection; union; consistency.

I was willing to grant to presbytery what with reason it can pretend to in a conjuncture with episcopacy.

King Charles.

Conjuration

CONJURA'TION, noun [See Conjure.] The act of using certain words or ceremonies to obtain the aid of a superior being; the act of summoning in a sacred name; the practice of arts to expel evil spirits, allay storms, or perform supernatural or extraordinary acts.

Conjure

CONJU'RE, verb transitive [Latin conjuro, to swear together, to conspire; con and juro, to swear; Italian congiurare; Spanish conjurar; French conjurer.]

1. To call on or summon by a sacred name, or in a solemn manner; to implore with solemnity. It seems originally to have signified, to bind by an oath.

I conjure you! let him know,

Whate'er was done against him, Cato did it.

Addison.

2. To bind two or more by an oath; to unite in a common design. Hence intransitively, to conspire. [Not usual.]

Milton.

Conjure

CON'JURE, verb transitive To expel, to drive or to affect, in some manner, by magic arts, as by invoking the Supreme Being, or by the use of certain words, characters or ceremonies to engage supernatural influence; as, to conjure up evil spirits, or to conjure down a tempest; to conjure the stars.

Note. It is not easy to define this word, nor any word of like import; as the practices of conjurors are little known, or various and indefinite. The use of this word indicates that an oath or solemn invocation originally formed a part of the ceremonies.

Conjure

CON'JURE, verb intransitive To practice the arts of a conjurer; to use arts to engage the aid of spirits in performing some extraordinary act.

Shak.

2. In a vulgar sense, to behave very strangely; to act like a witch; to play tricks.

Conjured

CONJU'RED, participle passive Bound by an oath.

Conjurement

CONJU'REMENT, noun Serious injunction; solemn demand.

Milton.

Conjurer

CON'JURER, noun One who practices conjuration; one who pretends to the secret art of performing things supernatural or extraordinary, by the aid of superior powers; an impostor who pretends, by unknown means, to discover stolen goods, &c. Hence ironically, a man of shrewd conjecture; a man of sagacity.

Addison. Prior.

Conjuring

CONJU'RING, participle of the present tense Enjoining or imploring solemnly.

Connascence

CONNAS'CENCE, noun [Latin con and nascor, to be born.]

1. The common birth of two or more at the same time; production of two or more together.

2. A being born or produced with another.

Brown.

3. The act of growing together, or at the same time.

Wiseman.

Connate

CON'NATE, adjective [Latin con and natus, born, from nascor.]

1. Born with another; being of the same birth; as connate notions.

South.

2. In botany, united in origin; growing from one base, or united at their bases; united into one body; as connate leaves or anthers.

Martyn.

Connatural

CONNAT'URAL, adjective [con and natural.]

1. Connected by nature; united in nature; born with another.

These affections are connatural to us, and as we grow up, so do they.

L'Estrange.

2. Participating of the same nature.

And mix with our connatural dust.

Milton.

Connaturality

CONNATURAL'ITY, noun Participation of the same nature; natural union.

Johnson. Hale.

Connaturally

CONNAT'URALLY, adverb By the act of nature; originally.

Connaturalness

CONNAT'URALNESS, noun Participation of the same nature; natural union.

Johnson. Pearson.

Connect

CONNECT', verb transitive [Latin connecto; con and necto; Italian connettere. See Class Ng. No. 32. 38. 40. 41.]

1. To knit or link together; to tie or fasten together, as by something intervening, or by weaving, winding or twining. Hence,

2. To join or unite; to conjoin, in almost any manner, either by junction, by any intervening means, or by order and relation. We connect letters and words in a sentence; we connect ideas in the mind; we connect arguments in a discourse. The strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic. A treaty connects two nations. The interests of agriculture are connected with those of commerce. Families are connected by marriage or by friendship.

Connect

CONNECT', verb intransitive To join, unite or cohere; to have a close relation. This argument connects with another. [This use-is rare and not well authorized.]

Connection

CONNEC'TION, noun [Latin connexio; Italian connessione. See Connect.]

The act of joining or state of being joined; a state of being knit or fastened together; union by junction, by an intervening substance or medium, by dependence or relation, or by order in a series; a word of very general import. There is a connection of links in a chain; a connection between all parts of the human body; a connection between virtue and happiness, and between this life and the future; a connection between parent and child, master and servant, husband and wife; between motives and actions, and between actions and their consequences. In short, the word is applicable to almost every thing that has a dependence on or relation to another thing.

Connective

CONNEC'TIVE, adjective Having the power of connecting.

Connective

CONNEC'TIVE, noun In grammar, a word that connects other words and sentences; a conjunction. Harris uses the word for conjunctions and prepositions.

Hermes.

Connectively

CONNEC'TIVELY, adverb In union or conjunction; jointly.

Swift.

Connex

CONNEX', verb transitive [Latin connexum.] To link together; to join. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Connexion

CONNEX'ION, noun Connection. But for the sake of regular analogy, I have inserted connection, as the derivative of the English connect, and would discard connexion.

Connexive

CONNEX'IVE, adjective Connective; having the power to connect; uniting; conjunctive; as connexive particles. [Little used.]

Watts.

Connivance

CONNI'VANCE, noun [See Connive.] Properly, the act of winking. Hence figuratively, voluntary blindness to an act; intentional forbearance to see a fault or other act, generally implying consent to it.

Every vice interprets a connivance to be approbation.

South.

Connive

CONNI'VE, verb intransitive [Latin conniveo, connivi or connixi; con and the root of nicto, to wink. Class Ng.]

1. To wink; to close and open the eyelids rapidly.

Spectator.

2. In a figurative sense, to close the eyes upon a fault or other act; to pretend ignorance or blindness; to forbear to see; to overlook a fault or other act, and suffer it to pass unnoticed, uncensured or unpunished; as, the father connives at the vices of his son.

Connivency

CONNI'VENCY, noun Connivance, which see.

Bacon.

Connivent

CONNI'VENT, adjective Shutting the eyes; forbearing to see.

Milton.

2. In anatomy, the connivent valves are those wrinkles, cellules and vascules, which are found on the inside of the two intestines, ilium and jejunum.

Encyc.

3. In botany, closely united; converging together.

Eaton.

Conniver

CONNI'VER, noun One who connives.

Conniving

CONNI'VING, participle of the present tense Closing the eyes against faults; permitting faults to pass uncensured.

Connoisseur

CONNOISSEU'R, n. connissu're. [French from the verb connoitre, from Latin cognosco, to know.]

A person well versed in any subject; a skilful or knowing person; a critical judge or master of any art, particularly of painting and sculpture.

Connoisseurship

CONNOISSEU'RSHIP, noun The skill of a connoisseur.

Connotate

CON'NOTATE, verb transitive [con and note, Latin noto, nota us.]

To designate with something else; to imply. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Connotation

CONNOTA'TION, noun The act of making known or designating with something; implication of something beside itself; inference. [Little used.]

Hale.

Connote

CONNO'TE, verb transitive [Latin con and nota; noto, to mark. See Note.]

To make known together; to imply; to denote or designate; to include. [Little used.]

South.

Connubial

CONNU'BIAL, adjective [Latin connubialis, from connubium; con and nubo, to marry.]

Pertaining to marriage; nuptial; belonging to the state of husband and wife; as, connubial rites; connubial love.

Connumeration

CONNUMERA'TION, noun A reckoning together.

Porson.

Connusance

CON'NUSANCE, noun [French connoissance, from connoitre, to know, Latin cognosco.] Knowledge. [See Cognizance.]

Connusant

CON'NUSANT, adjective Knowing; informed; apprised.

A neutral vessel, breaking a blockade, is liable to confiscation, if connusant of the blockade.

Browne.

Conny

CON'NY, adjective [Welsh cono.] Brave; fine. [Local.]

Grose.

Conoid

CO'NOID, noun [Greek; a cone, and, form.]

In geometry, a solid formed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. If the conic section is a parabola, the resulting solid is a parabolic conoid, or paraboloid; if a hyperbola, the solid is a hyperbolic conoid, or hyperboloid; if an ellipse, an elliptic conoid, a spheroid, or an ellipsoid.

Edin. Encyc.

2. In anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain, resembling a cone or pine-apple, and called the pineal gland.

Encyc.

Conoidic

CONOID'IC, or CONOID'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a conoid; having the form of a conoid.

Conquassate

CONQUAS'SATE, verb transitive [Latin conquasso.] To shake. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Conquer

CON'QUER, v. t. con'ker. [French conquerir, from the Latin conquiro; con and quoero, to seek, to obtain, to conquer; Armoric conqeuri. As quoero is written, it belongs to Class Greek and its preterit to Class Gs. See Arabic Karau or quarau, and Hebrew Chaldee to seek. Class Greek No. 51. 55.]

1. To subdue; to reduce, by physical force, till resistance is no longer made; to overcome; to vanquish. Alexander conquered Asia. The Romans conquered Carthage.

2. To gain by force; to win; to take possession by violent means; to gain dominion or sovereignty over, as the subduing of the power of an enemy generally implies possession of the person or thing subdued by the conqueror. Thus, a king or an army conquers a country, or a city, which is afterward restored.

3. To subdue opposition or resistance of the will by moral force; to overcome by argument, persuasion or other influence.

Anna conquers but to save,

And governs but to bless.

Smith.

He went forth conquering, and to conquer. Revelation 6.

4. To overcome, as difficulties; to surmount, as obstacles; to subdue whatever opposes; as, to conquer the passions; to conquer reluctance.

5. To gain or obtain by effort; as, to conquer freedom; to conquer peace; a French application of the word.

Conquer

CON'QUER, verb intransitive To overcome; to gain the victory.

The champions resolved to conquer or to die.

Waller.

Conquerable

CON'QUERABLE, adjective That may be conquered, overcome or subdued.

South.

Conquered

CON'QUERED, participle passive Overcome; subdued; vanquished; gained; won.

Conqueress

CON'QUERESS, noun A female who conquers; a victorious female.

Fairfax.

Conquering

CON'QUERING, participle of the present tense Overcoming; subduing; vanquishing; obtaining.

Conqueror

CON'QUEROR, noun One who conquers; one who gains a victory; one who subdues and brings into subjection or possession, by force or by influence. The man who defeats his antagonist in combat is a conqueror, as is the general or admiral who defeats his enemy.

Conquest

CON'QUEST, noun [French conquÃƒ-ªte; Italian conquista; Spanish id.; Latin conquisitus, quoesitus, quoestus, from quoero, to seek. The Latin quoesivi, quoesitus, coincides in elements with the Welsh ceisiaw, Ethiopic. Class Gs.No. 35. The primary sense is to seek, to press or drive towards.]

1. The act of conquering; the act of overcoming or vanquishing opposition by force, physical or moral. Applied to persons, territory and the like, it usually implies or includes a taking possession of; as the conquest of Canada by the British troops. So we speak of the conquest of the heart, the passions, or the will.

2. Victory; success in arms; the overcoming of opposition.

In joys of conquest he resigns his breath.

Addison.

3. That which is conquered; possession gained by force, physical or moral; as, Jamaica was a valuable conquest for England.

4. In a feudal sense, acquest; acquisition; the acquiring of property by other means than by inheritance, or the acquisition of property by a number in community or by one for all the others.

Blackstone. Encyc.

5. In the law of nations, the acquisition of sovereignty by force of arms.

The right of conquest is derived from the laws of war.

Encyc.

6. The act of gaining or regaining by effort; as the conquest of liberty or peace; a French phrase.

Consanguineous

CONSANGUIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin consanguineus, infra.] Of the same blood; related by birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor.

Shak.

Consanguinity

CONSANGUIN'ITY, noun [Latin consanguinitas; con and sanguis, blood.]

The relation of persons by blood; the relation or connection of persons descended from the same stock or common ancestor, in distinction from affinity or relation by marriage. It is lineal or collateral.

Blackstone.

Conscience

CON'SCIENCE, n. con'shens. [French from Latin conscientia, from conscio, to know, to be privy to; con and scio, to know; Italian conscienza, or coscienza; Spanish conciencia.]

1. Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and wrong; or the faculty, power or principle within us, which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our own actions and affections, and instantly approves or condemns them.

Conscience is called by some writers the moral sense, and considered as an original faculty of our nature. Others question the propriety of considering conscience as a distinct faculty or principle. They consider it rather as the general principle of moral approbation or disapprobation, applied to one's own conduct and affections; alledging that our notions of right and wrong are not to be deduced from a single principle or faculty, but from various powers of the understanding and will.

Encyc. Hucheson. Reid.

Edin. Encyc.

Being convicted by their own conscience, they went out one by one. John 8.

The conscience manifests itself in the feeling of obligation we experience, which precedes, attends and follows our actions.

E.T. Fitch.

Conscience is first occupied in ascertaining our duty, before we proceed to action; then in judging of our actions when performed.

J.M. Mason.

2. The estimate or determination of conscience; justice; honesty.

What you require cannot, in conscience, be deferred.

Milton.

3. Real sentiment; private thoughts; truth; as, do you in conscience believe the story?

4. Consciousness; knowledge of our own actions or thoughts.

The sweetest cordial we receive at last,

Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.

Denham.

[This primary sense of the word is nearly, perhaps wholly obsolete.]

5. Knowledge of the actions of others.

B. Johnson.

6. In ludicrous language, reason or reasonableness.

Half a dozen fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should require.

Swift.

To make conscience or a matter of conscience, is to act according to the dictates of conscience, or to scruple to act contrary to its dictates.

Locke.

Court of conscience, a court established for the recovery of small debts in London and other trading cities and districts.

Blackstone.

Conscienced

CON'SCIENCED, adjective Having conscience.

South.

Conscient

CON'SCIENT, Conscious. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Conscientious

CONSCIEN'TIOUS, adjective Influenced by conscience; governed by a strict regard to the dictates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of right and wrong; as a conscientious judge.

2. Regulated by conscience; according to the dictates of conscience; as a conscientious probity.

L'Estrange.

Conscientiously

CONSCIEN'TIOUSLY, adverb According to the direction of conscience; with a strict regard to right and wrong. A man may err conscientiously.

Conscientiousness

CONSCIEN'TIOUSNESS, noun A scrupulous regard to the decisions of conscience; a sense of justice, and strict conformity to its dictates.

Locke.

All his conduct seemed marked with an exact and unvarying conscientiousness.

J.L. Kings 50ey, Eulogy on Prof. Fisher.

Conscionable

CON'SCIONABLE, adjective According to conscience; reasonable; just.

Let my debtors have conscionable satisfaction.

Wotton.

Conscionableness

CON'SCIONABLENESS, noun Reasonableness; equity.

Dict.

Conscionably

CON'SCIONABLY, adverb In a manner agreeable to conscience; reasonably; justly.

Taylor.

Conscious

CON'SCIOUS, adjective [Latin conscius.] Possessing the faculty or power of knowing one's own thoughts, or mental operations. Thus, man is a conscious being.

2. Knowing from memory, or without extraneous information; as, I am not conscious of the fact.

The damsel then to Tancred sent,

Who, conscious of the occasion, feared the event.

Dryden.

3. Knowing by conscience, or internal perception or persuasion; as, I am not conscious of having given any offense. Sometimes followed by to; as, I am not conscious to myself.

AEneas only, conscious to the sign,

Presaged the event.

Dryden.

So we say, conscious of innocence, or of ignorance, or of a crime.

Consciously

CON'SCIOUSLY, adverb With knowledge of one's own mental operations or actions.

If these perceptions, with their consciousness, always remained in the mind, the same thinking thing would be always consciously present.

Locke.

Consciousness

CON'SCIOUSNESS, noun The knowledge of sensations and mental operations, or of what passes in one's own mind; the act of the mind which makes known an internal object.

Locke. Reid. Encyc.

Consciousness of our sensations, and consciousness of our existence, seem to be simultaneous.

Edin. Encyc.

Consciousness must be an essential attribute of spirit.

Watts.

2. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or innocence.

A man may betray his consciousness of guilt by his countenance.

3. Certain knowledge from observation or experience.

Gibbon.

Conscript

CON'SCRIPT, adjective [Latin conscriptus, from conscribo to enroll; con and scribo, to write.]

Written; enrolled; as conscript fathers, the senators of Rome, so called because their names were written in the register of the senate.

Conscript

CON'SCRIPT, noun An enrolled soldier; a word used in France.

Conscription

CONSCRIP'TION, noun [Latin conscriptio.] An enrolling or registering.

2. Soldiers or forces levied by enrolling.

Consecrate

CON'SECRATE, verb transitive [Latin consecro; con and sacro, to consecrate, from sacer, sacred. See Sacred.]

1. To make or declare to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites; to appropriate to sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to the service and worship of God; as, to consecrate a church.

Thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons. Exodus 29.

All the silver, and gold, and vessels of brass and iron, are consecrated to the Lord. Joshua 6.

2. To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to enroll among the gods, as a Roman emperor.

3. To set apart and bless the elements in the eucharist.

4. To render venerable; to make respected; as, rules or principles consecrated by time.

Consecrate

CON'SECRATE, adjective Sacred; consecrated; devoted; dedicated.

They were assembled in that consecrate place.

Bacon.

[This word is now seldom used, unless in poetry.]

Consecrated

CON'SECRATED, participle passive Made sacred by ceremonies or solemn rites; separated from a common to a sacred use; devoted or dedicated to the service and worship of God; made venerable.

Consecrating

CON'SECRATING, participle of the present tense Making sacred; appropriating to a sacred use; dedicating to the service of God; devoting; rendering venerable.

Consecration

CON'SECRA'TION, noun The act or ceremony of separating from a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and dedicating a person or thing to the service and worship of God, by certain rites or solemnities. Consecration does not make a person or thing really holy, but declares it to be sacred, that is, devoted to God or to divine service; as the consecration of the priests among the Israelites; the consecration of the vessels used in the temple; the consecration of a bishop.

2. Canonization; the act of translating into heaven, and enrolling or numbering among the saints or gods; the ceremony of the apotheosis of an emperor.

Hale.

3. The benediction of the elements in the eucharist; the act of setting apart and blessing the elements in the communion.

Encyc.

Consecrator

CON'SECRATOR, noun One who consecrates; one who performs the rites by which a person or thing is devoted or dedicated to sacred purposes.

Atterbury.

Consecratory

CON'SECRATORY, adjective Making sacred.

Bp. Morton.

Consectary

CON'SECTARY, adjective [Latin consectarius, from consector, to follow; con and sector, sequor. See Seek.]

Following; consequent; consequential; deducible.

Brown.

Consectary

CON'SECTARY, noun That which follows; consequence; deduction from premises; corollary.

Woodward.

Consecution

CON'SECU'TION, noun [Latin consecutio, from consequor, to follow; con and sequor, to follow. See Seek.]

1. A following or sequel; train of consequences from premises; series of deductions.

Hale.

2. Succession; series of things that follow each other; as a consecution of colors.

Newton.

3. In astronomy, consecution month is the space between one conjunction of the moon with the sun and another.

Bailey.

Consecutive

CON'SEC'UTIVE, adjective [Italian consecutivo; French consecutif. See Consecution.]

1. Following in a train; succeeding one another in a regular order; successive; uninterrupted in course or succession; as, fifty consecutive years.

Arbuthnot.

2. Following; consequential; succeeding; as, the actions of men consecutive to volition.

Locke.

3. Consecutive chords, in music, imply a succession or repetition of the same consonance in similar motion.

Encyc.

Consecutively

CON'SEC'UTIVELY, adverb By way of consequence or succession, in opposition to antecedently or casually.

Dict.

Consenescence

CONSENES'CENCE, or CONSENES'CENCY, noun [Latin consenesco, to grow old.]

A growing old; decay from age; as the consenescence of the world.

Ray.

Consension

CONSEN'SION, noun [Latin consensio. See Consent.]

Agreement; accord. [Little used.]

Bentley.

Consent

CONSENT', noun [Latin consensus; Italian consenso; French consentement; Spanish consentimiento; from Latin consentio, to be of one mind, to agree; con and sentio, to think, feel or perceive; Spanish consentir; Portugese French id.; Italian consentire. See Sense and Assent.]

1. Agreement of the mind to what is proposed or stated by another; accord; hence, a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed; as, a parent gives his consent to the marriage of his daughter.

We generally use this word in cases where power, rights and claims are concerned. We give consent, when we yield that which we have a right to withhold; but we do not give consent to a mere opinion, or abstract proposition. In this case, we give our assent. But assent is also used in conceding what we may withhold. We give our assent to the marriage of a daughter. Consequently, assent has a more extensive application than consent. But the distinction is not always observed. Consent often amounts to permission.

Defraud ye not one another, except with consent for a time. 1 Corinthians 7.

2. Accord of minds; agreement; unity of opinion.

All with one consent began to make excuse. Luke 14.

The company of priests murder by consent. Hosea 6.

3. Agreement; coherence; correspondence in parts, qualities, or operation.

Such is the world's great harmony that springs

From union, order, full consent of things.

Pope.

4. In the animal economy, an agreement, or sympathy, by which one affected part of the system affects some distant part. This consent is supposed to exist in, or be produced by the nerves; and the affections to be communicated from one part to another by means of their ramifications and distribution through the body. Thus, the stone in the bladder, by vellicating the fibers, will produce spasms and colic in the bowels; a shameful thing seen or heard will produce blushing in the cheeks.

Quincy. Encyc.

But many facts indicate that other causes than nervous communication produce sympathy.

Consent

CONSENT', verb intransitive [Latin consentio. See the Noun.]

Literally, to think with another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, to agree in mind and will; to yield to what one has the power, the right, or the disposition to withhold, or refuse to grant.

If sinners entice, thee, consent thou not. Proverbs 1.

And Saul was consenting to Stephen's death. Acts 8.

Only let us consent to them, and they will dwell with us. Genesis 34.

2. To agree.

When thou sawest a thief, thou consentedst with him. Ps. 1.

3. To assent.

I consent to the law that it is good. Romans 7:1 Timothy 6.

Consentaneous

CONSENTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin consentaneus. See Consent.]

Agreeable; accordant; consistent with; suitable.

The practice of virtue is not consentaneous to the unrenewed heart.

Anon.

Consentaneously

CONSENTA'NEOUSLY, adverb Agreeably; consistently; suitably.

Consentaneousness

CONSENTA'NEOUSNESS, noun Agreement; accordance; consistency.

Dict.

Consenter

CONSENT'ER, noun One who consents.

Consentient

CONSEN'TIENT, adjective [Latin consentiens, consentio.]

Agreeing in mind; accordant in opinion.

The authority due to the consentient judgment of the church.

Pearson.

Consequence

CON'SEQUENCE, noun [Latin consequentia, from consequor; con and sequor, to follow. See Seek.]

1. That which follows from any act, cause, principle, or series of actions. Hence, an event or effect produced by some preceding act or cause.

Shun the bitter consequence, for know,

The day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt die.

Milton.

The consequences of intemperance are disgrace, poverty, disease and premature death.

2. In logic, a proposition collected from the agreement of other previous propositions; the conclusion which results from reason or argument; inference; deduction.

Every rational being is accountable to his maker; man is a rational being; the consequence then must be, that man is accountable to his maker.

From this train of argument, the consequence is obvious.

3. Connection of cause and effect; consecution.

I felt

That I must after thee, with this my son;

Such fatal consequence unites us three.

Milton.

4. Influence; tendency, as to effects. The sense of consequence, in this use, is modified by the words connected with it; as, "it is of little consequence," that is, of little importance, small effects will follow; "it is of no consequence," of no moment, no effect of importance will follow; "it is of great consequence," of great importance, great effects will follow.

5. Importance; extensive influence; distinction; as a man of great consequence in society.

In consequence, by means of; as the effect of.

Consequent

CON'SEQUENT, adjective [Latin consequens.] Following, as the natural effect; with to or on.

The right was consequent to, and built on, an act perfectly personal.

Locke.

His poverty was consequent on his vices.

2. Following by necessary inference or rational deduction; as a proposition consequent to other propositions.

Consequent

CON'SEQUENT, noun Effect; that which follows a cause.

They were ill governed, which is always a consequent of ill payment.

Davies.

2. That which follows from propositions by rational deduction; that which is deduced from reasoning or argumentation; a conclusion or inference.

Consequential

CONSEQUEN'TIAL, adjective Following as the effect; produced by the connection of effects with causes; as a consequential evil.

2. Having the consequence justly connected with the premises; conclusive.

These arguments are highly consequential and concludent to my purpose.

Hale.

3. Important.

4. Conceited; pompous; applied to persons.

Consequentially

CONSEQUEN'TIALLY, adverb With just deduction of consequences; with right connection of ideas.

Addison.

2. By consequence; not immediately; eventually.

South.

3. In a regular series; in the order of cause and effect.

Addison.

4. With assumed importance; with conceit.

Campbell.

Consequentialness

CONSEQUEN'TIALNESS, noun Regular consecution in discourse.

Dict.

Consequently

CON'SEQUENTLY, adverb By consequence; by necessary connection of effects with their causes; in consequence of something.

Consequentness

CON'SEQUENTNESS, noun Regular connection of propositions, following each other; consecution of discourse. [Little used.]

Digby.

Consertion

CONSER'TION, noun [Latin consero, consertum.] Junction; adaptation.

Young.

Conservable

CONSERV'ABLE, adjective [See Conserve.] That may be kept or preserved from decay or injury.

Conservancy

CONSERV'ANCY, noun [Latin conservans. See Conserve.]

A court of conservancy is held by the Lord Mayor of London, for the preservation of the fishery on the Thames.

Johnson.

Conservant

CONSERV'ANT. adjective Preserving; having the power or quality of preserving from decay or destruction.

Conservation

CONSERVA'TION, noun [Latin conservatio. See Conserve.]

The act of preserving, guarding or protecting; preservation from loss, decay, injury, or violation; the keeping of a thing in a safe or entire state; as the conservation of bodies from perishing; the conservation of the peace of society; the conservation of privileges.

Conservative

CONSERV'ATIVE, adjective Preservative; having power to preserve in a safe or entire state, or from loss, waste or injury.

Peacham.

Conservator

CONSERVA'TOR, noun A preserver; one who preserves from injury or violation. Appropriately, an officer who has the charge of preserving the public peace, as judges and sheriffs; also, an officer who has the charge of preserving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation or community, as in catholic universities. It is a word of extensive application.

2. In Connecticut, a person appointed to superintend idiots, lunatics, &c., manage their property, and preserve it from waste.

Conservatory

CONSERV'ATORY, adjective Having the quality of preserving from loss, decay or injury.

Conservatory

CONSERV'ATORY, noun A place for preserving any thing in a state desired, as from loss, decay, waste or injury. Thus a fish-pond for keeping fish, a granary for corn, an ice-house for ice and other things, a receptacle for water, &c., are called conservatories.

2. A large green-house for exotics, in which the plants are planted in beds and borders, and not in tubs or pots, as in the common green-house.

Conserve

CONSERVE, v. t. conserv'. [Latin conservo; con and servo, to hold, keep or guard; French conserver; Italian conservare; Spanish conservar. See Class Sr. No. 34. 38. 39. 40. 45. and Class Dr. No. 32.]

To keep in a safe or sound state; to save; to preserve from loss, decay, waste, or injury; to defend from violation; as, to conserve bodies from perishing; to conserve the peace of society; to conserve fruits, roots and herbs, with sugar, &c.

Conserve

CON'SERVE, noun A sweetmeat made of the inspissated juice of fruit, boiled with sugar.

Johnson.

2. In pharmacy, a form of medicine contrived to preserve the flowers, herbs, roots or fruits of simples, as nearly as possible, in their natural fresh state. Fresh vegetables and sugar of the consistence of honey.

Encyc. Coxe.

3. A conservatory. [Not usual.]

Evelyn.

Conserved

CONSERV'ED, participle passive Preserved in a safe and sound state; guarded; kept; maintained; protected; prepared with sugar.

Conserver

CONSERV'ER, noun One who conserves; one who keeps from loss or injury; one who lays up for preservation; a preparer of conserves.

Hayward. Temple.

Conserving

CONSERV'ING, participle of the present tense Keeping in safety; defending; maintaining; preparing with sugar.

Consession

CONSES'SION, noun [Latin consessio. See Session.]

A sitting together. [Little used.]

Consessor

CONSES'SOR, noun One that sits with others. [Little used.]

Consider

CONSID'ER, verb transitive [Latin considero, to consider, to view attentively, from consido or consideo, to sit by; con and sedeo, to sit. See Sit. The literal sense is, to sit by or close, or to set the mind or the eye to; hence, to view or examine with attention.]

1. To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination; to think on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate on.

Know, therefore, this day, and consider it in thy heart. Deuteronomy 4.

Hast thou considered my servant Job? Job 1. Consider the lilies of the field how they grow. Matthew 6.

2. To view attentively; to observe and examine.

The priest shall considered the leprosy. Leviticus 13.

3. To attend to; to relieve.

Blessed is he that considereth the poor. Psalm 41.

4. To have regard to; to respect.

Let us consider one another, to provoke to love, and to good works. Hebrews 10.

5. To take into view in examination, or into account in estimates.

In adjusting accounts, services, time, and expense ought to be considered.

6. In the imperative, consider is equivalent to, think with care, attend, examine the subject with a view to truth or the consequences of a measure. So we use see, observe, think, attend.

7. To requite; to reward; particularly for gratuitous services.

Consider

CONSID'ER, verb intransitive To think seriously, maturely or carefully; to reflect.

None considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge or understanding. Isaiah 44.

In the day of adversity consider. Ecclesiastes 7.

2. To deliberate; to turn in the mind; as in the case of a single person; to deliberate or consult, as numbers; sometimes followed by of; as, I will consider your case, or of your case.

The apostles and elders come together to consider of this matter. Acts 15.

3. To doubt; to hesitate.

Dryden.

Considerable

CONSID'ERABLE, adjective [French Spanish See Consider.] That may be considered; that is to be observed, remarked or attended to.

It is considerable, that some urns have had inscriptions on them, expressing that the lamps were burning.

Wilkins.

[This primary use of the word is obsolescent or very rarely used.]

2. Worthy of consideration; worthy of regard or attention.

Eternity is infinitely the most considerable duration.

Tillotson.

As that which is worthy of regard is in some measure important, hence

3. Respectable; deserving of notice; of some distinction; applied to persons.

Men considerable in all worthy professions, eminent in many ways of life.

Spratt.

4. Important; valuable; or moderately large, according to the subject. Considerable aid was expected from the allies. A man has a considerable estate in Norfolk. A considerable sum of money was collected. Sometimes followed by to. He thought his aid considerable to him.

Considerableness

CONSID'ERABLENESS, noun Some degree of importance, moment or dignity; a degree of value or importance that deserves notice.

The considerableness of things is to be estimated by their usefulness, or by their effects on society.

Considerably

CONSID'ERABLY, adverb In a degree deserving notice; in a degree not trifling, or unimportant.

And Europe still considerably gains

Both by their good examples and their pains.

Roscommon.

Considerance

CONSID'ERANCE, noun Consideration; reflection; sober thought. [Not used. See Consideration.]

Shak.

Considerate

CONSID'ERATE, adjective [Latin consideratus. See Consider.]

1. Given to consideration, or to sober reflection; thoughtful; hence, serious; circumspect; careful; discreet; prudent; not hasty or rash; not negligent.

AEneas is patient, considerate, and careful of his people.

Dryden.

2. Having respect to; regardful; as, considerate of praise. [Little used.]

3. Moderate; not rigorous.

Johnson.

Considerately

CONSID'ERATELY, adverb With deliberation; with due consideration; calmly; prudently.

Bacon.

Considerateness

CONSID'ERATENESS, noun Prudence; calm deliberation.

Consideration

CONSIDERA'TION, noun [Latin consideratio. See Consider.]

1. The act of considering; mental view; regard; notice.

Let us take into consideration the consequences of a hasty decision.

2. Mature thought; serious deliberation.

Let us think with consideration. Sidney.

3. Contemplation; meditation.

The love you bear to Mopsa hath brought you to the consideration of her virtues.

Sidney.

4. Some degree of importance; claim to notice, or regard; a moderate degree of respectability.

Lucan is an author of consideration among the Latin poets.

Addison.

5. That which is considered; motive of action; influence; ground of conduct.

He was obliged, antecedent to all other considerations, to search an asylum.

Dryden.

6. Reason; that which induces to a determination.

He was moved by the considerations set before him.

7. In law, the reason which moves a contracting party to enter into an agreement; the material cause of a contract; the price or motive of a stipulation. In all contracts, each party gives something in exchange for what he receives.

A contract is an agreement, upon sufficient consideration. This consideration is express or implied; express, when the thing to be given or done is specified; implied, when no specific consideration is agreed upon, but justice requires it and the law implies it; as when a man labors for another, without stipulating for wages, the law infers that he shall receive a reasonable consideration. A good consideration is that of blood, or natural love; a valuable consideration is such as money, marriage, &c. Hence a consideration is an equivalent or recompense; that which is given as of equal estimated value with that which is received.

Considerative

CONSID'ERATIVE, adjective Taking into consideration. [Little used.]

Considered

CONSID'ERED, participle passive Thought of with care; pondered; viewed attentively; deliberated on; examined.

Considerer

CONSID'ERER, noun A thinker; one who considers; a man of reflection. [Considerator is not in use.]

Considering

CONSID'ERING, participle of the present tense Fixing the mind on; meditating on; pondering; viewing with care and attention; deliberating on.

NOTE. We have a peculiar use of this word, which may be a corruption for considered, or which may be a deviation from analogy by an insensible change in the structure of the phrase. "It is not possible for us to act otherwise, considering the weakness of our nature." As a participle, this word must here refer to us, or the sentence cannot be resolved by any rule of English syntax. It would be correct to say, "It is not possible for us to act otherwise, the weakness of our nature being considered;" or "We, considering the weakness of our nature, cannot act otherwise." But the latter phrase is better grammar, than it is sense. We use other participles in like manner; as, "Allowing for tare, the weight could not be more than a hundred pounds." These and similar phrases are anomalous. But considering is no more a kind of conjunction, in such phrases, than it is a noun.

Considering

CONSID'ERING, noun The act of deliberating, or carefully attending to; hesitation; as, many mazed considerings.

Shak.

Consideringly

CONSID'ERINGLY, adverb With consideration or deliberation.

Whole Duty of Man.

Consign

CONSI'GN, v. t. consi'ne. [Latin consigno, to seal or sign; con and signo, to seal of stamp; signum, a sign, seal or mark; Italian

consegnare, to deposit, deliver, consign; Spanish consignar; French consigner. See Sign. The sense is to set to, to thrust or send.]

1. To give, send or set over; to transfer or deliver into the possession of another, or into a different state, with the sense of fixedness in that state, or permanence of possession.

At the day of general account, good men are to be consigned over to another state.

Atterbury.

At death the body is consigned to the grave.

2. To deliver or transfer, as a charge or trust; to commit; as, to consign a youth to the care of a preceptor; to consign goods to a factor.

3. To set over or commit, for permanent preservation; as, to consign a history to writing.

Addison.

4. To appropriate.

Dryden.

Consign

CONSI'GN, v. i. consi'ne. To submit to the same terms with another; also, to sign; to agree or consent. Obs.

Shak.

Consignation

CONSIGNA'TION, noun The act of consigning; the act of delivering or committing to another person, place or state.

Despair is a certain consignation to eternal ruin.

Taylor. Park.

[Little used. See Consignment.]

Consignature

CONSIG'NATURE, noun Full signature; joint signing or stamping.

Consigned

CONSI'GNED, participle passive Delivered; committed for keeping, or management; deposited in trust.

Consignee

CONSIGNEE', noun The person to whom goods or other things are delivered in trust, for sale or superintendance; a factor.

Consigner

CONSI'GNER, or CONSI'GNOR, noun The person who consigns; one who sends, delivers, or commits goods to another for sale, or a ship for superintendence, bills of lading, papers, &c.

Consignification

CONSIGNIFICA'TION, noun [See Signify.]

Joint signification.

Harris.

Consignificative

CONSIGNIF'ICATIVE, adjective [See Signify.]

Having a like signification, or jointly significative.

Vallancey, Gram. 57.

Consigning

CONSI'GNING, participle of the present tense Delivering to another in trust; sending or committing, as a possession or charge.

Consignment

CONSI'GNMENT, noun The act of consigning; consignation; the act of sending or committing, as a charge for safe-keeping or management; the act of depositing with, as goods for sale.

2. The thing consigned; the goods sent or delivered to a factor for sale; as, A received a large consignment of goods from B.

3. The writing by which any thing is consigned.

Consimilar

CONSIM'ILAR, adjective Having common resemblance. [Little used.]

Consimilitude

CONSIMIL'ITUDE, noun Resemblance. [Little used.]

Consist

CONSIST', verb intransitive [consisto; con and sisto, to stand; Spanish consistir; Italian consistere; French consister.]

1. To stand together; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection. Hence, to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and maintained.

He was before all things, and by him all things consist. Colossians 1.

2. To stand or be; to lie; to be contained; followed by in.

The beauty of epistolary writing consists in ease and freedom.

3. To be composed; followed by of.

A landscape should consist of a variety of scenery.

To consist together, to coexist; to have being concurrently.

Necessity and election cannot consist together in the same act.

Bramhall.

To consist with, to agree; to be in accordance with; to be compatible.

Health consists with temperance alone.

Pope.

Consistence

CONSIST'ENCE, or CONSIST'ENCY, noun A standing together; a being fixed in union, as the parts of a body; that state of a body, in which its component parts remain fixed.

The consistency of bodies is divers; dense, rare, tangible, pneumatical, volatile, &c.

Bacon.

2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite.

Let the juices or liquor be boiled into the consistency of syrup.

Arbuthnot.

3. Substance; make; firmness of constitution; as, friendship of a lasting consistency; resolutions of durable consistence.

South. Hammond.

4. A standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, &c.; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times; congruity; uniformity; as the consistency of laws, regulations or judicial decisions; consistency of opinions; consistency of behavior or of character.

There is harmony and consistency in all God's works.

J. Lathrop.

5. A standing; a state of rest, in which things capable of growth or decrease, remain for a time at a stand.

Chambers.

Consistent

CONSIST'ENT, adjective [Latin consistens. See Consist.] Fixed; firm; not fluid; as the consistent parts of a body, distinguished from the fluid.

Harvey.

2. Standing together or in agreement; compatible; congruous; uniform; not contradictory or opposed; as, two opinions or schemes are consistent; let a man be consistent with himself; the law is consistent with justice and policy.

So two consistent motions act the soul.

Pope.

Consistently

CONSIST'ENTLY, adverb In a consistent manner; in agreement; agreeably; as, to command confidence, a man must act consistently.

Consistorial

CONSISTO'RIAL, or CONSIST'ORY, adjective [See Consistory.] Pertaining or relating to a consistory, or ecclesiastical court of an archbishop or bishop.

Ayliffe.

Every archbishop and bishop of a diocese hath a consistory court.

Encyc.

Consistorian

CONSISTO'RIAN, adjective Relating to an order of presbyterian assemblies.

Bp. Bancroft.

Consistory

CONSIST'ORY, noun [Latin consistorium, from consisto. See Consist.] Primarily, a place of meeting; a council-house, or place of justice. Hence,

1. A place of justice in the spiritual court, or the court itself; the court of every diocesan bishop, held in their cathedral churches, for the trial of ecclesiastical causes, arising within the diocese. The bishop's chancellor or his commissary is the judge.

Blackstone.

2. An assembly of prelates; the college of cardinals at Rome.

Plus was then hearing causes in consistory.

Bacon.

3. A solemn assembly or council.

Milton. Pope.

4. A place of residence. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. In the Reformed churches, an assembly or council of ministers and elders.

Consociate

CONSO'CIATE, noun [Latin consociatus. See the next word.]

An associate; a partner or confederate; an accomplice.

Hayward.

Consociate

CONSO'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin consociatus, from consocio; con and socio, to unite; socius, a companion. See Social.]

1. To unite; to join; to associate.

Wotton.

2. To cement, or hold in close union.

Burnet.

3. To unite in an assembly or convention, as pastors and messengers or delegates of churches.

Saybrook Platform.

Consociate

CONSO'CIATE, verb intransitive To unite; to coalesce.

Bentley.

2. To unite, or meet in a body; to form a consociation of pastors and messengers.

Saybrook Platform.

Consociation

CONSOCIA'TION, noun Intimate union of persons; fellowship; alliance; companionship; union of things. [This word is less used than association.]

Wotton.

2. Fellowship or union of churches by their pastors and delegates; a meeting of the pastors and delegates of a number of congregational churches, for aiding and supporting each other, and forming an advisory council in ecclesiastical affairs.

Trumbull, Hist. of Connecticut.

Consociational

CONSOCIA'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a consociation.

Trumbull.

Consol

CON'SOL, noun [from consolidate.] Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks formed by the consolidation of different annuities.

Crabbe.

Consolable

CONSO'LABLE, adjective [See Console.] That admits comfort; capable of receiving consolation.

Consolate

CON'SOLATE, verb transitive To comfort. Obs. [See Console.]

Consolation

CONSOLA'TION, noun [Latin consolatio. See Console.]

1. Comfort; alleviation of misery, or distress of mind; refreshment of mind or spirits; a comparative degree of happiness in distress or misfortune, springing from any circumstance that abates the evil, or supports and strengthens the mind, as hope, joy, courage and the like.

Against such cruelties,

With inward consolations recompens'd.

Milton.

We have great joy and consolation in thy love. Philemon 1:7.

2. That which comforts, or refreshes the spirits; the cause of comfort; as the consolation of Israel. Luke 2.

Consolator

CON'SOLATOR, noun One who comforts.

Consolatory

CONSOL'ATORY, adjective [Latin consolatorius.]

Tending to give comfort; refreshing to the mind; assuaging grief.

Howell.

Consolatory

CONSOL'ATORY, noun A speech or writing containing topics of comfort.

Milton.

Console

CONSO'LE, verb transitive [Latin consolor; Italian consolare; Spanish consolar; French consoler. The primary sense is either to set or allay, to give rest or quiet, Arabic Hebrew; or the sense is to strengthen, in which case it coincides with the root of solid. The latter is most probable.]

To comfort; to cheer the mind in distress or depression; to alleviate grief, and give refreshment to the mind or spirits; to give contentment or moderate happiness by relieving from distress.

The promises of the gospel may well console the christian in all the afflictions of life.

It is a consoling reflection that the evils of life are temporary.

I am much consoled by the reflection that the religion of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and philosophers, and its triumph has been complete.

P. Henry.

Console

CON'SOLE, noun [French] In architecture, a bracket or shoulder-piece; or an ornament cut upon the key of an arch, which has a projecture, and on occasion serves to support little cornices, figures, busts and vases.

Encyc.

Consoled

CONSO'LED, participle passive Comforted; cheered.

Consoler

CONSO'LER, noun One that gives comfort.

Consolidant

CONSOL'IDANT, adjective [See Consolidate.]

Having the quality of uniting wounds or forming new flesh.

Consolidant

CONSOL'IDANT, noun A medicine that heals or unites the parts of wounded flesh.

Coxe.

Consolidate

CONSOL'IDATE, verb transitive [Italian consolidare; French consolider; Spanish consolidar; con and Latin solidus, solid. See Solid.]

1. To make solid; to unite or press together loose or separate parts, and form a compact mass; to harden or make dense and firm.

He fixed and consolidated the earth above the waters.

Burnet.

2. To unite the parts of a broken bone or the lips of a wound, by means of applications.

Encyc.

3. To unite two parliamentary bills in one.

Johnson.

4. In law, to combine two benefices in one.

Encyc.

Consolidate

CONSOL'IDATE, verb intransitive To grow firm and hard; to unite and become solid.

In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them more apt to consolidate.

Bacon.

Moist clay consolidates by drying.

Consolidate

CONSOL'IDATE, adjective Formed into a solid mass.

Elyot.

Consolidated

CONSOL'IDATED, participle passive Made solid, hard, or compact; united.

Consolidating

CONSOL'IDATING, participle of the present tense Making solid; uniting.

Consolidation

CONSOLIDA'TION, noun The act of making or process of becoming solid; the act of forming into a firm compact mass, body or system.

2. The annexing of one bill to another in parliament or legislation.

3. The combining of two benefices in one.

Cowel.

4. The uniting of broken bones or wounded flesh.

Consonance

CON'SONANCE, noun [French from Latin consonantia, consonans, from consono, to sound together; con and sono, to sound. See Sound and Tone.]

1. Accord or agreement of sounds. In music, consonance is an accord of sounds which produces an agreeable sensation in the ear, as the third, fifth and eighth.

It denotes also the according intervals. When the interval of a consonance is invariable, it is called perfect; but when it may be either major or minor, it is termed imperfect.

Busby.

2. Agreement; accord; congruity; consistency; agreeableness; suitableness; as the consonance of opinions among judges; the consonance of a ritual to the scriptures.

Consonant

CON'SONANT, adjective Agreeing; according; congruous; consistent; followed generally by to; sometimes by with; as, this rule is consonant to scripture and reason.

2. In music, composed of consonances; as consonant intervals.

Consonant

CON'SONANT, noun A letter, so named because it is considered as being sounded only in connection with a vowel. But some consonants have no sound, even when united with a vowel, and others have a very imperfect sound. The consonants are better called articulations, as they are the names given to the several closings or junctions of the organs of speech, which precede and follow the openings of the organs, with which the vowels are uttered. These closings are perfect, and wholly intercept the voice, as in the syllables ek, ep, et; or imperfect, and admitting some slight sound, as in em, en. Hence some articulations are called mutes, and others, semi-vowels. The consonants begin or end syllables, and their use is to determine the manner of beginning or ending the vocal sounds. These closings or configurations of the organs being various, serve to diversify the syllables, as in uttering ba, da, pa, or ab, ad, ap; and although b and p may be considered as representing no sounds at all, yet they so modify the utterance of ab, ap, or ba, pa, that the slight difference between these articulations may be perceived as far as the human voice can be distinctly heard.

Consonantly

CON'SONANTLY, adverb Consistently; in agreement.

Consonantness

CON'SONANTNESS, noun Agreeableness; consistency.

Consonous

CON'SONOUS, adjective [Latin consonus.] Agreeing in sound; symphonious.

Consopiate

CONSO'PIATE, verb transitive To lull asleep. [Not used.]

Consopiation

CONSOPIA'TION, noun A lulling asleep. [Not used.]

Consopite

CON'SOPITE, verb transitive [Latin consopio.] To compose; to lull to sleep. [Not used.]

Consopite

CON'SOPITE, adjective Calm; composed. [Not used.]

More.

Consort

CON'SORT, noun [Latin consors; con and sors, sort, state, kind.]

1. A companion; a partner; an intimate associate; particularly, a partner of the bed; a wife or husband.

He single chose to live, and shunn'd to wed,

Well pleased to want a consort of his bed.

Dryden.

2. An assembly or association of persons, convened for consultation.

Spenser.

3. Union; conjunction; concurrence.

Atterbury.

4. A number of instruments played together; a symphony; a concert. In this sense, concert is now used.

5. In navigation, any vessel keeping company with another.

Queen consort, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a queen regent, who rules alone, and a queen dowager, the widow of a king.

Consort

CONSORT', verb intransitive To associate; to unite in company; to keep company; followed by with.

Which of the Grecian chiefs consorts with thee.

Dryden.

Consort

CONSORT', verb transitive To join; to marry.

With his consorted Eve.

Milton.

2. To unite in company.

He begins to consort himself with men.

Locke.

3. To accompany. [Not used.]

Shak.

Consortable

CONSORT'ABLE, adjective Suitable.

Wotton.

Consorted

CONSORT'ED, participle passive United in marriage.

Milton.

Consorting

CONSORT'ING, participle of the present tense United in company with; associating.

Consortion

CONSOR'TION, noun Fellowship; [Not used.]

Brown.

Consortship

CON'SORTSHIP, noun Fellowship; partnership.

Bp. Hall.

Consound

CON'SOUND, noun The name of several species of plants.

Conspicuity

CONSPICU'ITY, noun Conspicuousness; brightness. [Little used.]

Shak.

Conspicuous

CONSPIC'UOUS, adjective [Latin conspicuus, from conspicio, to look or see; con and specio, to see. See Species.]

1. Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen; manifest; as, to stand in a conspicuous place.

Or come I less conspicuous.

Milton.

2. Obvious to the mental eye; clearly or extensively known, perceived or understood. Hence, eminent; famous; distinguished; as a man of conspicuous talents; a lady of conspicuous virtues.

Conspicuously

CONSPIC'UOUSLY, adverb In a conspicuous manner; obviously; in a manner to be clearly seen; eminently; remarkably.

Conspicuousness

CONSPIC'UOUSNESS, noun Openness or exposure to the view; a state of being visible at a distance; as the conspicuousness of a tower.

2. Eminence; fame; celebrity; renown; a state of being extensively known and distinguished; as the conspicuousness of an author.

Conspiracy

CONSPIR'ACY, noun [Latin conspiratio, from conspiro. See Conspire.]

1. A combination of men for an evil purpose; an agreement between two or more persons, to commit some crime in concert; particularly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition or insurrection against the government of a state; a plot; as a conspiracy against the life of a king; a conspiracy against the government.

More than forty had made this conspiracy. Acts 23.

2. In law, an agreement between two or more persons, falsely and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted, an innocent person of felony.

Blackstone.

3. A concurrence; a general tendency of two or more causes to one event.

Sidney.

Conspirant

CONSPI'RANT, adjective [Latin conspirans.] Conspiring; plotting; engaging in a plot to commit a crime.

Shak.

Conspiration

CONSPIRA'TION, noun Conspiracy; agreement or concurrence of things to one end.

Conspirator

CONSPIR'ATOR, noun One who conspires; one who engages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason.

2. In law, one who agrees with another falsely and maliciously to indict an innocent person of felony. By the British statute, a conspirator is defined to be one who binds himself by oath, covenant, or other alliance, to assist another falsely and maliciously to indict a person, or falsely to maintain pleas.

Encyc.

Conspire

CONSPI'RE, verb intransitive [Latin conspiro, to plot; con and spiro, to breathe. But the primary sense is to throw, to wind; hence spira, a fold, circle, wreath or band; and the sense of the verb is, to breathe together, or more probably, to wind or band together.]

1. To agree, by oath, covenant or otherwise, to commit a crime; to plot; to hatch treason.

The servants of Ammon conspired against him, and slew the king in his own house. 2 Kings 21.

They conspired against Joseph to slay him. Genesis 37.

2. In law, to agree falsely and maliciously to indict an innocent person of felony.

3. To agree; to concur to one end.

The press, the pulpit, and the stage,

Conspire to censure and expose our age.

Roscommon.

All things conspire to make us prosperous.

Conspirer

CONSPI'RER, noun One who conspires or plots; a conspirator.

Shak.

Conspiring

CONSPI'RING, participle of the present tense Agreeing to commit a crime; plotting; uniting or concurring to one end.

2. In mechanics, conspiring powers are such as act in a direction not opposite to one another; cooperating powers.

Harris.

Conspiringly

CONSPI'RINGLY, adverb In the manner of a conspiracy; by conspiracy.

Milton.

Conspissation

CONSPISSA'TION, noun [Latin conspissatus.]

The act of making thick or viscous; thickness.

More.

Conspurcation

CONSPURCA'TION, noun [Latin conspurco; con and spurco, to defile.]

The act of defiling; defilement; pollution. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Constable

CON'STABLE, noun [Spanish condestable; Portugese id.; Italian conestabile; French connetable; Spanish conde, Italian conte, a count, and Latin stabulum, a stable; Latin comes stabuli, count of the stable.]

1. The Lord High Constable of England, the seventh officer of the crown. He had the care of the common peace, in deeds of arms, and matters of war; being a judge of the court of chivalry, now called the court of honor. To this officer and to the Earl Marshal belonged the cognizance of contracts, deeds of arms, without the realm, and combats and blazonry within the realm. The power of this officer was so great and so improperly used, that it was abridged by the 13th Richard II., and was afterwards forfeited in the person of Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in 1521. It has never been granted to any person, since that time, except pro hac vice, or on a particular occasion.

Encyc.

2. An officer of the peace. In England, there are high constables, petty constables, and constables of London. The high constables are chosen at the court leets of the franchise or hundred over which they preside, or in default of that, by the justices of the quarter sessions, and are removable by the same authority that appoints them. The petty constables are chosen by the jury of the court leet, or if no court is held, they are appointed by two justices of the peace. In London, a constable is nominated in each precinct by the inhabitants, and confirmed at the court of wardmote. The duty of constables is to keep the peace, and for this purpose they are invested with the power of arresting and imprisoning, and of breaking open houses.

In the United States, constables are town or city officers of the peace, with powers similar to those possessed by the constables in Great Britain. They are invested also with powers to execute civil as well as criminal process, and to levy executions. In New England, they are elected by the inhabitants of towns in legal meeting.

To overrun the constable, to spend more than a man is worth or can pay; a vulgar phrase.

Constableship

CON'STABLESHIP, noun The office of a constable.

Constablewick

CON'STABLEWICK, noun The district to which a constable's power is limited.

Hale.

Constancy

CON'STANCY, noun [Latin constantia, from consto; con and sto, to stand.]

1. Fixedness; a standing firm; hence, applied to God or his works, immutability; unalterable continuance; a permanent state.

Hooker.

2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution; steady, unshaken determination; particularly applicable to firmness of mind under sufferings, to steadiness in attachments, and to perseverence in enterprise. Lasting affection; stability in love or friendship.

3. Certainty; veracity; reality.

Shak. Johnson.

Constant

CON'STANT, adjective [Latin constans.] Fixed; firm; opposed to fluid.

To turn two fluid liquors into a constant body.

Boyle.

[In this sense, not used.]

2. Fixed; not varied; unchanged; permanent; immutable.

The world's a scene of changes, and to be Constant, in nature were inconstancy.

Cowley.

3. Fixed or firm in mind, purpose, affection or principle; unshaken; unmoved; as a constant friend or lover.

4. Certain; steady; firmly adherent; with to; as a man constant to his purpose, or to his duties.

Constantinopolitan

CONSTANTINOPOL'ITAN, adjective Relating to Constantinople, the metropolis of Turkey in Europe.

Constantly

CON'STANTLY, adverb Firmly; steadily; invariably; continually; perseveringly.

Rhoda constantly affirmed that it was even so. Acts 12.

These things I will that thou affirm constantly. Titus ~~.

Constat

CON'STAT, noun [Latin it appears.] In England, a certificate given by the clerk of the pipe and auditors of the exchequer, to a person who intends to plead or move for a discharge of any thing in that court. The effect of it is to show what appears upon the record, respecting the matter in question.

2. An exemplification under the great seal of the enrollment of any letters patent.

Encyc.

Constellate

CON'STELLATE, verb intransitive [Low Latin constellatus; con and stello, to shine, stella, a star.]

To join luster; to shine with united radiance or one general light. [Little used.]

The several things which engage our affections shine forth and constellate in God.

Boyle.

Constellate

CON'STELLATE, verb transitive To unite several shining bodies in one splendor. [Little used.

Brown.

Constellated

CON'STELLATED, participle passive United in one splendor.

Brown.

2. Starry; set or adorned with stars or constellations.

J. Barlow.

Constellation

CONSTELLA'TION, noun A cluster of fixed stars; an asterism; a number of stars which appear as if situated near each other in the heavens, and are considered as forming a particular division. The constellations are reduced mostly to the figures of certain animals or other known things, as the bear, the bull, the ram, the balance, &c.

For the stars of heaven, and the constellations thereof, shall not give their light. Isaiah 13.

2. An assemblage of splendors or excellencies.

Hammond.

Consternation

CONSTERNA'TION, noun [Latin consternatio, from consterno; con and sterno, to throw or strike down.]

Astonishment; amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates a person for consultation and execution; excessive terror, wonder or surprise.

South.

Constipate

CON'STIPATE, verb transitive [Latin constipo; con and stipo, to crowd, or cram, to stuff, to stop. See Stuff and Stop.]

1. To crowd or cram into a narrow compass; to thicken or condense.

Bacon.

2. To stop, by filling a passage, and preventing motion; as, to constipate capillary vessels.

Arbuthnot.

3. To fill or crowd the intestinal canal, and make costive.

Brown.

Constipation

CONSTIPA'TION, noun The act of crowding any thing into a less compass; a pressing together; condensation; as a close constipation of particles.

Bentley.

2. More generally, a crowding or filling to hardness the intestinal canal, from defective excretion; costiveness; obstipation.

Encyc. Coxe.

Constituent

CONSTIT'UENT, adjective [Latin constituens, constituo; con and statuo, to set. See Statue, Statute.]

Setting; constituting; applied to parts of a thing that are essential to it. Hence, necessary or essential; elemental; forming, composing or making as an essential part.

Body, soul, and reason, are the three constituent parts of a man.

Dryden.

Oxygen and hydrogen are the constituent parts of water.

Constituent

CONSTIT'UENT, noun He or that which sets, fixes or forms; he or that which constitutes or composes.

Their first composure and origination requires a higher and nobler constituent than chance.

Hale.

2. That which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential part.

The lymph in those glands is a necessary constituent of the aliment.

Arbuthnot.

3. One who appoints or elects another to an office or employment.

Burke.

Constitute

CON'STITUTE, verb transitive [Latin constituo; con and

statuo, to set. See Statue, Statute. Italian constituire; Spanish constituir; French constituer.]

1. To set; to fix; to enact; to establish.

We must obey laws appointed and constituted by lawful authority, not against the law of God.

Taylor.

2. To form or compose; to give formal existence to; to make a thing what it is.

Perspicuity constitutes the prime excellence of style.

Truth and reason constitute that intellectual gold that defies destruction.

Johnson.

3. To appoint, depute or elect to an office or employment; to make and empower.

A sheriff is constituted a conservator of the peace.

A has constituted B his attorney or agent.

Constituted

CON'STITUTED, participle passive Set; fixed; established; made; elected; appointed.

Constituter

CON'STITUTER, noun One who constitutes or appoints.

Constituting

CON'STITUTING, participle of the present tense Setting; establishing; composing; electing; appointing.

Constitution

CONSTITU'TION, noun The act of constituting, enacting, establishing, or appointing.

2. The state of being; that form of being or peculiar structure and connection of parts which makes or characterizes a system or body. Hence the particular frame or temperament of the human body is called its constitution. We speak of a robust or feeble constitution; a cold, phlegmatic, sanguine or irritable constitution. We speak of the constitution of the air, or other substance; the constitution of the solar system; the constitution of things.

3. The frame or temper of mind, affections or passions.

4. The established form of government in a state, kingdom or country; a system of fundamental rules, principles and ordinances for the government of a state or nation. In free states, the constitution is paramount to the statutes or laws enacted by the legislature, limiting and controlling its power; and in the United States, the legislature is created, and its powers designated, by the constitution.

5. A particular law, ordinance, or regulation, made by the authority of any superior, civil or ecclesiastical; as the constitutions of the churches; the novel constitutions of Justinian and his successors.

6. A system of fundamental principles for the government of rational and social beings.

The New Testament is the moral constitution of modern society.

Grimke.

Constitutional

CONSTITU'TIONAL, adjective Bred or inherent in the constitution, or in the natural frame of body or mind; as a constitutional infirmity; constitutional ardor or dulness.

2. Consistent with the constitution; authorized by the constitution or fundamental rules of a government; legal.

An act of congress prohibiting the importation of slaves into the United States is constitutional.

3. Relating to the constitution; as a constitutional doubt.

Paley.

Constitutionalist

CONSTITU'TIONALIST, noun An adherent to the constitution of government.

2. An innovator of the old constitution, or a framer or friend of the new constitution in France.

Burke.

Constitutionality

CONSTITUTIONAL'ITY, noun The state of being constitutional; the state of being inherent in the natural frame; as the constitutionality of disease.

Coxe. Med. Repository.

2. The state of being consistent with the constitution or frame of government, or of being authorized by its provisions.

The judges of the supreme court of the United States have the power of determining the constitutionality of laws.

Constitutionally

CONSTITU'TIONALLY, adverb In consistency with the constitution or frame of government.

Constitutionist

CONSTITU'TIONIST, noun One who adheres to the constitution of the country.

Bolingbroke.

Constitutive

CON'STITUTIVE, adjective That constitutes, forms or composes; elemental; essential.

The constitutive parts of a schismatic, being the esteem of himself and contempt of others.

Decay of Piety.

2. Having power to enact or establish; instituting.

Constrain

CONSTRA'IN, verb transitive [French contraindre; Italian constrignere, or costringere; Spanish constreÃƒ-±ir; Portugese constringir; from Latin constringo; con and stringo, to strain, to bind. See Strain.]

In a general sense, to strain; to press; to urge; to drive; to exert force, physical or moral, either in urging to action or in restraining it. Hence,

1. To compel or force; to urge with irresistible power, or with a power sufficient to produce the effect.

The spirit within me constraineth me. Job 32.

I was constrained to appeal to Cesar. Acts 28.

For the love of Christ constraineth us. 2 Corinthians 5.

2. To confine by force; to restrain from escape or action; to repress.

My sire in caves constrains the winds.

Dryden.

3. To hold by force; to press; to confine.

How the strait stays the slender waist constrain.

Gay.

4. To constringe; to bind.

When winter frosts constrain the field with cold.

Dryden.

5. To tie fast; to bind; to chain; to confine.

He binds in chains

The drowsy prophet, and his limbs constrains.

Dryden.

6. To necessitate.

Did fate or we the adulterous act constrain?

Pope.

7. To force; to ravish. [Not used.]

Shak.

8. To produce in opposition to nature; as a constrained voice; constrained notes.

Waller.

Constrainable

CONSTRA'INABLE, adjective That may be constrained, forced, or repressed; liable to constraint, or to restraint.

Hooker.

Constrained

CONSTRA'INED, participle passive Urged irresistibly or powerfully; compelled; forced; restrained; confined; bound; imprisoned; necessitated.

Constrainedly

CONSTRA'INEDLY, adverb By constraint; by compulsion.

Hooker.

Constrainer

CONSTRA'INER, noun One who constrains.

Constraining

CONSTRA'INING, participle of the present tense Urging with irresistible or powerful force; compelling; forcing; repressing; confining; holding by force; pressing; binding.

Constraint

CONSTRA'INT, noun [French contrainte.] Irresistible force, or its effect; any force, or power, physical or moral, which compels to act or to forbear action, or which urges so strongly as to produce its effect upon the body or mind; compulsion; restraint; confinement.

Not by constraint, but by my choice, I came.

Dryden.

Feed the flock of God, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly. 1 Peter 5.

Constraintive

CONSTRA'INTIVE, adjective Having power to compel. [Ill.]

Carew.

Constrict

CONSTRICT', verb transitive [Latin constringo, constrictum. See Constrain.]

To draw together; to bind; to cramp; to draw into a narrow compass; hence, to contract or cause to shrink.

Arbuthnot.

Constricted

CONSTRICT'ED, participle passive Drawn together; bound; contracted.

Constricting

CONSTRICT'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing together; binding; contracting.

Constriction

CONSTRICTION, noun A drawing together or contraction by means of some inherent power, or by spasm, as distinguished from compression, or the pressure of extraneous bodies; as the constriction of a muscle or fiber. It may perhaps be sometimes used as synonymous with compression.

Constrictor

CONSTRICT'OR, noun That which draws together or contracts. In anatomy, a muscle which draws together or closes an orifice of the body; as the constrictor labiorum, a muscle of the lips.

Encyc.

2. A species of serpents, the black snake of the United States.

Encyc.

Also, the Boa constrictor, the largest of known serpents.

Constringe

CONSTRINGE, v. t. constrinj'. [Latin constringo. See Constrain.]

To draw together; to strain into a narrow compass; to contract; to force to contract itself.

Strong liquors constringe, harden the fibers, and coagulate the fluids.

Arbuthnot.

Constringed

CONSTRIN'GED, participle passive Contracted; drawn together.

Constringent

CONSTRIN'GENT, adjective Having the quality of contracting, binding or compressing.

Bacon. Thomson.

Constringing

CONSTRIN'GING, participle of the present tense Drawing or compressing into a smaller compass; contracting; binding.

Construct

CONSTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin construo, constructum; con and struo, to lay, dispose or set in order; Spanish construir; French construire; Italian id. See Structure.]

1. To put together the parts of a thing in their proper place and order; to build; to form; as, to construct an edifice.

2. To devise and compose, as to construct a new system; or simply to frame or form, as to construct a telescope. The word may include the invention, with the formation, or not, at the pleasure of the writer. A man constructs a ship according to a model; or a grammar by a new arrangement of principles; or a planetarium of a new form.

3. To interpret or understand. [See Construe.]

Constructed

CONSTRUCT'ED, participle passive Built; formed; composed; compiled.

Constructer

CONSTRUCT'ER, noun One who constructs or frames.

Constructing

CONSTRUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Building; framing; composing.

Construction

CONSTRUC'TION, noun [Latin constructio.]

1. The act of building, or of devising and forming; fabrication.

2. The form of building; the manner of putting together the parts of a building, a machine, or a system; structure; conformation.

The sailing of a ship and its capacity depend chiefly on its construction.

3. In grammar, syntax, or the arrangement and connection of words in a sentence, according to established usages, or the practice of good writers and speakers.

4. Sense; meaning; interpretation; explanation; or the manner of understanding the arrangement of words, or of understanding facts. Let us find the true construction; or let us give the author's words a sound, rational, consistent construction. What construction can be put upon this affair, or upon the conduct of a man?

5. The manner of describing a figure or problem in geometry.

Johnson.

The drawing of such lines, such figure, &c., as are previously necessary for making any demonstration appear more plain and undeniable.

Encyc.

6. In algebra, the construction of equations is the method of reducing a known equation into lines and figures, in order to a geometrical demonstration.

Johnson.

Constructional

CONSTRUC'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to construction; deduced from construction or interpretation. [Unusual.]

Waterland.

Constructive

CONSTRUC'TIVE, adjective By construction; created or deduced by construction, or mode of interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred; as constructive treason.

Blackstone.

Stipulations, expressed or implied, formal or constructive.

Paley.

Constructively

CONSTRUC'TIVELY, adverb In a constructive manner; by way of construction or interpretation; by fair inference.

Chauncey. U. States.

A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a formal information, or constructively by notice to his government.

Kent.

Constructure

CONSTRUC'TURE, noun An edifice; pile; fabric. [For this, structure is more generally used.]

Blackmore.

Construe

CON'STRUE, verb transitive [Latin construo. See Construct.]

1. To arrange words in their natural order; to reduce from a transposed to a natural order, so as to discover the sense of a sentence; hence, to interpret; and when applied to a foreign language, to translate; to render into English; as, to construe Greek, Latin or French.

2. To interpret; to explain; to show or to understand the meaning.

I pray that I may not be so understood or construed.

Hooker.

Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own words.

Stillingfleet.

Construed

CON'STRUED, participle passive Arranged in natural order; interpreted; understood; translated.

Construing

CON'STRUING, participle of the present tense Arranging in natural order; expounding; interpreting; translating.

Constuprate

CON'STUPRATE, verb transitive [Latin constupro; con and stupro, to ravish.] To violate; to debauch; to defile.

Constupration

CONSTUPRA'TION, noun The act of ravishing; violation; defilement.

Bp. Hall.

Consubsist

CONSUBSIST', verb intransitive To subsist together. [See Subsist.]

Consubstantial

CONSUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective [Latin consubstantialis; con and substantia. See Substance.]

1. Having the same substance or essence; co-essential.

The orthodox believe the Son to be consubstantial with the Father.

Encyc.

2. Of the same kind or nature.

It continueth a body consubstantial with ours.

Hooker.

Consubstantialist

CONSUBSTAN'TIALIST, noun One who believes in consubstantiation.

Barrow.

Consubstantiality

CONSUBSTANTIAL'ITY, noun The existence of more than one in the same substance; as, the co-eternity and consubstantiality of the Son with the Father.

Hammond.

2. Participation of the same nature.

Johnson.

Consubstantiate

CONSUBSTAN'TIATE, verb transitive [Latin con and substantia, substance.]

To unite in one common substance or nature.

Johnson.

Consubstantiate

CONSUBSTAN'TIATE, verb intransitive To profess consubstantiation.

Dryden.

Consubstantiation

CONSUBSTANTIA'TION, noun The union of the body of our blessed Savior with the sacramental elements. The Lutherans maintain that after consecration of the elements, the body and blood of Christ are substantially present with the substance of the bread and wine, which is called consubstantiation or impanation.

Encyc.

Consul

CON'SUL, noun [Latin consul, from consulo, to consult.]

1. The chief magistrate of the Ancient Roman Republic, invested with regal authority for one year. There were two consuls, annually chosen in the Campus Martius. In the first ages of Rome, they were elected from Patrician families or noblemen; but in the year of Rome 388, the people obtained the privilege of electing one of the consuls from their own body, and sometimes both were plebeians.

Encyc.

2. In modern usage, the name consul is given to a person commissioned by a king or state to reside in a foreign country as an agent or representative, to protect the rights, commerce, merchants and seamen of the state, and to aid the government in any commercial transactions with such foreign country.

3. An adviser. [Not well authorized.]

Bacon.

Consulage

CON'SULAGE, noun A duty laid by the British Levant Company on imports and exports for the support of the company's affairs.

Eton.

Consular

CON'SULAR, adjective Pertaining to a consul; as consular power; consular dignity, or privileges.

Consulate

CON'SULATE, noun [Latin consulatus.] The office of a consul.

Addison.

[This is applicable to modern consuls, as well as to the Roman.]

2. The jurisdiction or extent of a consul's authority.

Kent.

Consulship

CON'SULSHIP, noun The office of a consul; or the term of his office; applicable only to Roman consuls.

Consult

CONSULT', verb intransitive [Latin consulto, from consulo, to consult, to ask counsel. The last syllable may be from the Arabic, Hebrew Chaldee Samaritan Ethiopic to ask.]

1. To seek the opinion or advice of another, by a statement of facts, and suitable inquiries, for the purpose of directing one's own judgment; followed by with.

Rehoboam consulted with the captains of thousands. 1 Chronicles 13.

2. To take counsel together; to seek opinions and advice by mutual statements, enquiries and reasonings; to deliberate in common.

The chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus to death. John 12.

3. To consider with deliberation. Luke 14.

Consult

CONSULT', verb transitive To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of another, as a guide to one's own judgment; as, to consult a friend or parent.

2. To seek for information, or facts, in something; as by examining books or papers. Thus, I consulted several authors on the subject; I consulted the official documents.

3. To regard; to have reference or respect to, in judging or acting; to decide or to act in favor of. We are to consult the necessities, rather than the pleasures of life. We are to consult public as well as private interest. He consulted his own safety in flight.

Ere fancy you consult, consult your purse.

Franklin.

4. To plan, devise or contrive.

Thou hast consulted shame to thy house, by cutting off many people. Habakkuk 2.

[This sense is unusual and not to be countenanced.]

Consult

CONSULT', noun The act of consulting; the effect of consultation; determination; a council, or deliberating assembly.

Dryden. Bacon.

This word is, I believe, entirely obsolete, exccpt in poetry. It would be naturally accented on the first syllable, but the poets accent the last.

Consultation

CONSULTA'TION, noun The act of consulting; deliberation of two or more persons, with a view to some decision.

The chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes. Mark 15.

2. The persons who consult together; a number of persons seeking mutually each others opinions and advice; a council for deliberation; as, a consultation of physicians was called.

Wiseman.

Writ of consultation, in law, a writ awarded by a superior court, to return a cause, which had been removed by prohibition from the court christian, to its original jurisidction; so called because the judges on consultation find the prohibition ill founded.

Blackstone.

Consultative

CONSULT'ATIVE, adjective Having the privilege of consulting.

Bramhall.

Consulted

CONSULT'ED, participle passive Asked; enquired of, for opinion or advice; regarded.

Consulter

CONSULT'ER, noun One who consults, or asks counsel or information; as a consulter with familiar spirits. Deuteronomy 18.

Consulting

CONSULT'ING, participle of the present tense Asking advice; seeking information; deliberating and enquiring mutually; regarding.

Consumable

CONSU'MABLE, adjective [See Consume.] That may be consumed; possible to be destroyed, dissipated, wasted or spent; as, asbestos is not consumable by fire.

Wilkins.

The importation and exportation of consumable commodities.

Locke.

Consume

CONSU'ME, verb transitive [Latin consumo; con and sumo, to take. So in English we say, it takes up time, that is, it consumes time. Spanish consumir; Italian consumare; French consumer. Class Sm.]

1. To destroy, by separating the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or by eating, devouring, and annihilating the form of a substance. Fire consumes wood, coal, stubble; animals consume flesh and vegetables.

2. To destroy by dissipating or by use; to expend; to waste; to squander; as, to consume an estate.

Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts. James 4.

3. To spend; to cause to pass away, as time; as, to consume the day in idleness.

Their days did he consume in vanity. Psalm 78.

4. To cause to disappear; to waste slowly.

My flesh is consumed away. Job 38.

5. To destroy; to bring to utter ruin; to exterminate.

Let me aloneÃ‚--that I may consume them. Exodus 32.

Consume

CONSU'ME, verb intransitive To waste away slowly; to be exhausted.

Their fleshÃ‚--their eyesÃ‚--their tongue shall consume away. Zechariah 14.

The wicked shall perishÃ‚--they shall consume. Psalm 37.

Consumed

CONSU'MED, participle passive Wasted; burnt up; destroyed; dissipated; squandered; expended.

Consumer

CONSU'MER, noun One who consumes, spends, wastes or destroys; that which consumes.

Consuming

CONSU'MING, participle of the present tense Burning; wasting; destroying; expending; eating; devouring.

2. adjective That destroys.

The Lord thy God is a consuming fire. Deuteronomy 4.

Consummate

CON'SUMMATE, verb transitive [Latin consummo, consummatus; con and summo, from summa, sum; French consommer; Spanish consumar. See Sum.]

To end; to finish by completing what was intended; to perfect; to bring or carry to the utmost point or degree.

He had a mind to consummate the happiness of the day.

Tatler.

Consummate

CONSUM'MATE, adjective Complete; perfect; carried to the utmost extent or degree; as consummate greatness or felicity.

Consummated

CON'SUMMATED, participle passive Completed; perfected; ended.

Consummately

CONSUM'MATELY, adverb Completely; perfectly.

Warton.

Consummating

CON'SUMMATING, participle of the present tense Completing; accomplishing; perfecting.

Consummation

CONSUMMA'TION, noun [Latin consummatio.] Completion; end; perfection of a work, process or scheme.

Addison.

2. The end or completion of the present system of things; the end of the world.

Hooker.

3. Death; the end of life.

Shak.

Consummation of marriage, the most intimate union of the sexes, which completes the connubial relation.

Consumption

CONSUMP'TION, noun [Latin consumptio. See Consume.]

1. The act of consuming; waste; destruction by burning, eating, devouring, scattering, dissipation, slow decay, or by passing away, as time; as the consumption of fuel, of food, of commodities or estate, of time, &c.

2. The state of being wasted, or diminished.

Etna and Vesuvius have not suffered any considerable diminution or consumption.

Woodward.

3. In medicine, a wasting of flesh; a gradual decay or diminution of the body; a word of extensive signification. But particularly, the disease called phthisis pulmonalis, pulmonic consumption, a disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, &c.

Consumptive

CONSUMP'TIVE, adjective Destructive; wasting; exhausting; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating; as a long consumptive war.

Addison.

2. Affected with a consumption or pulmonic disease, as consumptive lungs; or inclined to a consumption; tending to the phthisis pulmonalis; applied to the incipient state of the disease, or to a constitution predisposed to it.

Consumptively

CONSUMP'TIVELY, adverb In a way tending to consumption.

Beddoes.

Consumptiveness

CONSUMP'TIVENESS, noun A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.

Contabulate

CONTAB'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin contabulo; con and tabula.] To floor with boards.

Gayton.

Contabulation

CONTABULA'TION, noun The act of laying with boards, or of flooring.

Contact

CON'TACT, noun [Latin contactus, from contingo, to touch; con and tango, to touch, originally tago. See Touch.]

A touching; touch; close union or juncture of bodies. Two bodies come in contact, when they meet without any sensible intervening space; the parts that touch are called the points of contact.

Contaction

CONTAC'TION, noun The act of touching.

Brown.

Contagion

CONTA'GION, noun [Latin contagio, from the root of contingo, tango, primarily tago, to touch.]

1. Literally, a touch or touching. Hence, the communication of a disease by contact, or the matter communicated. More generally, that subtil matter which proceeds from a diseased person or body, and communicates the disease to another person; as in cases of small pox, measles, anginas, and malignant fevers; diseases which are communicated without contact. This contagion proceeds from the breath of the diseased, from the perspiration or other excretions.

2. That which communicates evil from one to another; infection; that which propagates mischief; as the contagion of vice or of evil examples.

Milton.

3. Pestilence; a pestilential disease; venomous exhalations.

Shak.

Contagious

CONTA'GIOUS, adjective Containing or generating contagion; catching; that may be communicated by contact, or by a subtil excreted matter; as a contagious disease.

2. Poisonous; pestilential; containing contagion; as contagious air; contagious clothing.

3. Containing mischief that may be propagated; as contagious example.

4. That may be communicated from one to another, or may excite like affections in others.

His genius rendered his courage more contagious.

Wirt.

Contagiousness

CONTA'GIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being contagious.

Contain

CONTA'IN, verb transitive [Latin contineo; con and teneo, to hold; Italian contenere; French contenir; Spanish contener. See Tenet, Tenure.]

1. To hold, as a vessel; as, the vessel contains a gallon. Hence, to have capacity; to be able to hold; applied to an empty vessel.

2. To comprehend; to hold within specified limits.

Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee. 1 Kings 8.

3. To comprehend; to comprise. The history of Livy contains a hundred and forty books.

4. To hold within limits prescribed; to restrain; to withhold from trespass or disorder.

The King's person contains the unruly people from evil occasions. Obs.

Spenser.

Fear not, my Lord, we can contain ourselves.

Shak.

5. To include. This article is not contained in the account. This number does not contain the article specified.

6. To inclose; as, this cover or envelop contains a letter.

Contain

CONTA'IN, verb intransitive To live in continence or chastity.

Arbuthnot and Pope. 1 Corinthians 7.

Containable

CONTA'INABLE, adjective That may be contained, or comprised.

Boyle.

Contained

CONTA'INED, participle passive Held; comprehended; comprised; included; inclosed.

Containing

CONTA'INING, participle of the present tense Holding; having capacity to hold; comprehending; comprising; including; inclosing.

Contaminate

CONTAM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin contamino; con and ant. tamino. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac to defile. Class Dm. No.19.]

To defile; to pollute; usually in a figurative sense; to sully; to tarnish; to taint. Lewdness contaminates character; cowardice contaminates honor.

Shall we now Contaminate our fingers with base bribes?

Shak.

Contaminate

CONTAM'INATE, adjective Polluted; defiled; corrupt.

Shak.

Contaminated

CONTAM'INATED, participle passive Polluted; defiled; tarnished.

Contaminating

CONTAM'INATING, participle of the present tense Polluting; defiling; tarnishing.

Contamination

CONTAMINA'TION, noun The act of polluting; pollution; defilement; taint.

Conteck

CON'TECK, noun Quarrel; contention. [Not English.]

Contection

CONTEC'TION, noun [Latin contego.] A covering. [Not used.]

Sir T. Browne.

Contemn

CONTEMN', v. t. contem'. [Latin contemno; con and temno, to despise; Italian contennere; Arabic to drive away, to despise. Class Dm. No. 1. 4.]

1. To despise; to consider and treat as mean and despicable; to scorn.

In whose eyes a vile person is contemned. Psalm 15.

2. To slight; to neglect as unworthy of regard; to reject with disdain.

Wherefore do the wicked contemn God. Psalm 10.

They contemn the counsel of the Most High. Psalm 107.

Contemned

CONTEM'NED, participle passive Despised; scorned; slighted; neglected, or rejected with disdain.

Contemner

CONTEM'NER, noun One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner.

Contemning

CONTEM'NING, participle of the present tense Despising; slighting as vile or despicable; neglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of regard.

Contemper

CONTEM'PER, verb transitive [Low Latin contempero; con and tempero, to mix or temper. See Temper.]

To moderate; to reduce to a lower degree by mixture with opposite or different qualities; to temper.

The leaves qualify and contemper the heat.

Ray.

Contemperament

CONTEM'PERAMENT, noun Moderated or qualified degree; a degree of any quality reduced to that of another; temperament.

Derham.

Contemperate

CONTEM'PERATE, verb transitive [See Contemper.]

To temper; to reduce the quality of, by mixing something opposite or different; to moderate.

Brown. Wiseman.

Contemperation

CONTEMPERA'TION, noun The act of reducing a quality by admixture of the contrary; the act of moderating or tempering.

Brown.

2. Temperament; proportionate mixture; as the contemperament of humors in different bodies.

Hale.

[Instead of these words, temper and temperament are now generally used.]

Contemplate

CON'TEMPLATE, verb transitive [Latin contemplor. If m is radical, see Class Dm. No. 3. 4. 35.]

1. To view or consider with continued attention; to study; to meditate on. This word expresses the attention of the mind, but sometimes in connection with that of the eyes; as, to contemplate the heavens. More generally, the act of the mind only is intended; as, to contemplate the wonders of redemption; to contemplate the state of the nation and its future prospects.

2. To consider or have in view, in reference to a future act or event; to intend.

A decree of the National Assembly of France, June 26, 1792, contemplates a supply from the United States of four millions of livres.

There remain some particulars to complete the information contemplated by those resolutions.

Hamilton's Report.

If a treaty contains any stipulations which contemplate a state of future war.

Kent's Commentaries.

Contemplate

CON'TEMPLATE, verb intransitive To think studiously; to study; to muse; to mediate.

He delights to contemplate on the works of creation.

Contemplated

CON'TEMPLATED, participle passive Considered with attention; mediated on; intended.

Contemplating

CON'TEMPLATING, participle of the present tense Considering with continued attention; meditating on; musing.

Contemplation

CONTEMPLA'TION, noun [Latin contemplatio.]

The act of the mind in considering with attention; meditation; study; continued attention of the mind to a particular subject.

Contemplation is keeping the idea, brought into the mind, some time actually in view.

Locke.

2. Holy meditation; attention to sacred things; a particular application of the foregoing definition.

To have in contemplation, to intend or purpose, or to have under consideration.

Contemplative

CONTEM'PLATIVE, adjective Given to contemplation, or continued application of the mind to a subject; studious; thoughtful; as a contemplative philosopher, or mind.

2. Employed in study; as a contemplative life.

Bacon.

3. Having the appearance of study, or a studious habit; as a contemplative look.

Denham.

4. Having the power of thought or meditation; as the contemplative faculty of man.

Ray.

Contemplatively

CONTEM'PLATIVELY, adverb With contemplation; attentively; thoughtfully; with deep attention.

Contemplator

CON'TEMPLATOR, noun One who contemplates; one employed in study or meditation; an inquirer after knowledge.

Raleigh. Brown.

Contemporaneous

CONTEMPORA'NEOUS, adjective [See Cotemporary.] Living or being at the same time.

Contemporary

CONTEM'PORARY, adjective [Italian Spanish contemporaneo; French contemporain; Latin contemporalis; con and temporalis, temporarius, from tempus, time. For the sake of easier pronunciation and a more agreeable sound, this word is often changed to cotemporary.]

Coetaneous; living at the same time, applied to persons; being or existing at the same time, applied to things; as contemporary kings; contemporary events. [See Cotemporary, the preferable word.]

Contemporary

CONTEM'PORARY, noun One who lives at the same time with another.

Socrates and Plato were contemporaries.

Contemporise

CONTEM'PORISE, verb transitive To make contemporary; to place in the same age or time. [Not used.]

Brown.

Contempt

CONTEMPT', noun [Latin contemptus. See Contemn.]

1. The act of despising; the act of viewing or considering and treating as mean, vile and worthless; disdain; hatred of what is mean or deemed vile. This word is one of the strongest expressions of a mean opinion which the language affords.

Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the contempt of which is great.

Addison.

2. The state of being despised; whence in a scriptural sense, shame, disgrace.

Some shall awake to everlasting contempt. Danish xii.

3. In law, disobedience of the rules and orders of a court, which is a punishable offense.

Contemptible

CONTEMPT'IBLE, adjective [Latin contemptibilis.]

1. Worthy of contempt; that deserves scorn, or disdain; despicable; mean; vile. Intemperance is a contemptible vice. No plant or animal is so contemptible as not to exhibit evidence of the wonderful power and wisdom of the Creator.

The pride that leads to duelling is a contemptible passion.

2. Apt to despise; contemptuous. [Not legitimate.]

Shak.

Contemptibleness

CONTEMPT'IBLENESS, noun The state of being contemptible, or of being despised; despicableness; meanness; vileness.

Contemptibly

CONTEMPT'IBLY, adverb In a contemptible manner; meanly; in a manner deserving of contempt.

Contemptuous

CONTEMPT'UOUS, adjective Manifesting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful; as contemptuous language or manner; a contemptuous opinion. Applied to men, apt to despise; haughty; insolent; as a nation, proud, severe, contemptuous.

Milton.

Contemptuously

CONTEMPT'UOUSLY, adverb In a contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully.

The apostles and most eminent christains were poor, and treated contemptuously.

Taylor.

Contemptuousness

CONTEMPT'UOUSNESS, noun Disposition to contempt; act of contempt; insolence; scornfulness; haughtiness.

Contend

CONTEND', verb intransitive [Latin contendo; con and tendo, to stretch, from teneo, Greek. See Tend, Tenet.]

1. To strive, or to strive against; to struggle in opposition.

Distress not the Moabites, nor contend with them in battle. Deuteronomy 2.

2. To strive; to use earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve.

You sit above, and see vain men below Contend for what you only can bestow.

Dryden.

Ye should earnestly contend for the faith once delivered to the saints. Jude 3.

3. To dispute earnestly; to strive in debate.

They that were of the circumcision contended with him. Acts 11. Job 9.

4. To reprove sharply; to chide; to strive to convince and reclaim.

Then contended I with the rulers. Nehemiah 13.

5. To strive in opposition; to punish.

The Lord God called to contend by fire. Amos 7.

6. To quarrel; to dispute fiercely; to wrangle. The parties contend about trifles.

To contend for, to strive to obtain; as, two competitors contend for the prize.

Contend

CONTEND', verb transitive To dispute; to contest.

When Carthage shall contend the world with Rome.

Dryden.

This transitive use of contend is not strictly legitimate. The phrase is elliptical, for being understood after contend; but it is admissible in poetry.

Contended

CONTEND'ED, participle passive Urged in argument or debate; disputed; contested.

Contendent

CONTEND'ENT, noun An antagonist or opposer.

L'Estrange.

Contender

CONTEND'ER, noun One who contends; a combatant; a champion.

Locke. Watts.

Contending

CONTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Striving; struggling to oppose; debating; urging in argument; quarreling.

2. a. Clashing; opposing; rival; as contending claims or interests.

Contenement

CONTEN'EMENT, noun [con and tenement.] Land, or freehold contiguous to a tenement.

Blackstone. Norm. Dict.

Content

CONTENT', adjective [Latin contentus, from contineor, to be held; con and teneo, to hold.]

Literally, held, contained within limits; hence, quiet; not disturbed; having a mind at peace; easy; satisfied, so as not to repine, object, or oppose.

Content with science in the vale of peace.

Pope.

Having food and raiment, let us be therewith content. 1 Timothy 6.

Content

CONTENT', verb transitive To satisfy the mind; to make quiet, so as to stop complaint or opposition; to appease; to make easy in any situation; used chiefly with the reciprocal pronoun.

Do not content yourselves with obscure and confused ideas, where clearer are to be obtained.

Watts.

Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas. Mark 15.

2. To please or gratify.

It doth much content me.

To hear him so inclined.

Shak.

Content

CONTENT', noun Rest or quietness of the mind in the present condition; satisfaction which holds the mind in peace, restraining complaint, opposition, or further desire, and often implying a moderate degree of happiness.

A wise content his even soul secur'd; By want not shaken, nor by wealth allur'd.

Smith.

2. Acquiescence; satisfaction without examination.

The style is excellent;

The sense they humbly take upon content.

Pope.

3. The term used in the House of Lords in England, to express an assent to a bill or motion.

Content

CON'TENT, noun often in the plural, contents. That which is contained; the thing or things held, included or comprehended within a limit or line; as the contents of a cask or bale; of a room or a ship; the contents of a book or writing.

2. In geometry, the area or quantity of matter or space included in certain lines.

3. The power of containing; capacity; extent within limits; as a ship of great content.

Bacon.

[But in this sense the plural is generally used.]

Contentation

CONTENTA'TION, noun Content; satisfaction. Obs.

Arbuthnot.

Contented

CONTENT'ED, participle passive or a. Satisfied; quiet; easy in mind; not complaining, opposing or demanding more. The good man is contented with his lot. It is our duty to be contented with the dispensations of providence.

Contentedly

CONTENT'EDLY, adverb In a contented manner; quietly; without concern.

Contentedness

CONTENT'EDNESS, noun State of resting in mind; quiet; satisfaction of mind with any condition or event.

Walton.

Contentful

CONTENT'FUL, adjective Full of contentment. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Contention

CONTEN'TION, noun [Latin contentio. See Contend.]

1. Strife; struggle; a violent effort to obtain something, or to resist a person, claim or injury; contest; quarrel.

Multitudes lost their lives iu a tumult raised by contention among the partizans of the several colors.

Adam.

2. Strife in words or debate; quarrel; angry contest; controversy.

Avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law. Titus ~~.

A fool's lips enter into contention. Proverbs 18.

3. Strife or endeavor to excel; emulation.

Shak.

4. Eagerness; zeal; ardor; vehemence of endeavor. Obs.

This is an end worthy of our utmost contention to obtain.

Rogers.

Contentious

CONTEN'TIOUS, adjective [French contentieux; Italian contenzioso.]

1. Apt to contend; given to angry debate; quarrelsome; perverse.

A continual dropping in a rainy day, and a contentious woman are alike. Proverbs 27.

2. Relating to contention in law; relating to litigation; having power to decide causes between contending parties; as a court of contentious jurisdiction.

Blackstone.

3. Exciting or adapted to provoke contention or disputes; as a contentious subject.

Milner.

Contentiously

CONTEN'TIOUSLY, adverb In a contentious manner; quarrelsomely; perversely.

Brown.

Contentiousness

CONTEN'TIOUSNESS, noun A disposition to contend; proneness to contest; perverseness; quarrelsomeness.

Bentley.

Contentless

CONTENT'LESS, adjective Discontented; dissatisfied; uneasy.

Shak.

Contently

CONTENT'LY, adverb In a contented way. Obs.

Contentment

CONTENT'MENT, noun [French contentement.]

1. Content; a resting or satisfaction of mind without disquiet; acquiescence.

Contentment, without external honor, is humility.

Grew.

Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Timothy 6.

2. Gratification.

At Paris the prince spent a day, to give his mind some contentment.

Wotton.

Conterminable

CONTERM'INABLE, adjective [Latin con and terminus.] Capable of the same bounds.

Wotton.

Conterminate

CONTERM'INATE, adjective Having the same bounds.

B. Jonson.

Conterminous

CONTERM'INOUS, adjective [Latin conterminus; con and terminus, a border.]

Bordering upon; touching at the boundary; contiguous; as a people conterminous to the Roman territory.

Conterranean

CONTERRA'NEAN, or CONTERRA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin conterraneus; con and terra, country.]

Being of the same country. [Not used.]

Dict.

Contest

CONTEST', verb transitive [French contester, to dispute. The Spanish and Portugese contestar, and Latin contestor, have a different sense, being equivalent to the attest. See Test.]

1. To dispute; to strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to struggle to defend. The troops contested every inch of ground.

2. To dispute; to argue in opposition to; to controvert; to litigate; to oppose; to call in question; as, the advocate contested every point.

None have contested the proportion of these ancient pieces.

Dryden.

Contest

CONTEST', verb intransitive To strive; to contend; followed by with.

The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of contesting with it, when there are hopes of victory.

Burnet.

2. To vie; to emulate.

Of man who dares in pomp with Jove contest.

Pope.

Contest

CON'TEST, noun Strife; struggle for victory, superiority, or in defense; struggle in arms. All Europe engaged in the contest against France. The contest was furious.

2. Dispute; debate; violent controversy; strife in argument.

Leave all noisy contests, all immodest clamors, and brawling language.

Watts.

Contestable

CONTEST'ABLE, adjective That may be disputed or debated; disputable; controvertible.

Contestableness

CONTEST'ABLENESS, noun Possibility of being contested.

Contestation

CONTESTA'TION, noun The act of contesting; strife; dispute.

After years spent in domestic contestations, she found means to withdraw.

Clarendon.

2. Testimony; proof by witnesses.

Barrow.

Contestingly

CONTEST'INGLY, adverb In a contending manner.

Mountagu.

Contestless

CON'TESTLESS, adjective Not to be disputed.

Hill.

Contex

CONTEX', verb transitive To weave together. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Context

CON'TEXT, noun [Latin contextus, from contexo; con and texo, to weave.]

The general series or composition of a discourse; more particularly, the parts of a discourse which precede or follow the sentence quoted; the passages of scripture which are near the text, either before it or after it. The sense of a passage of scripture is often illustrated by the context.

Context

CONTEXT', adjective Knit or woven together; close; firm.

Derham.

Context

CONTEXT', verb transitive To knit together. [Not used.]

Contexture

CONTEX'TURE, noun The manner of interweaving several parts into one body; the disposition and union of the constituent parts of a thing, with respect to each other; composition of parts; constitution; as a silk of admirable contexture.

He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty.

Wotton.

Contextural

CONTEX'TURAL, adjective Pertaining to contexture, or to the human frame.

Smith.

Contignation

CONTIGNA'TION, noun [Latin contignatio; con and tignum, a beam.] A frame of beams; a story.

Wotton.

2. The act of framing together, or uniting beams in a fabric.

Burke.

Contiguity

CONTIGU'ITY, noun [See Contiguous.] Actual contact of bodies; a touching.

Hale.

Contiguous

CONTIG'UOUS, adjective [Latin contiguus; con and tango, tago, to touch.]

Touching; meeting or joining at the surface or border; as two contiguous bodies or countries.

The houses in ancient Rome were not contiguous.

Encyc.

Usually followed by to. Bacon uses with, but he has not been followed.

Contiguously

CONTIG'UOUSLY, adverb In a manner to touch; without intervening space.

Dryden.

Contiguousness

CONTIG'UOUSNESS, noun A state of contact; close union of surfaces or borders.

Continence

CON'TINENCE, or CON'TINENCY, noun [Latin continentia, from contineo, to hold, or withhold; con and tenco, to hold. See Tenet.]

1. In a general sense, the restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and passions; self-command.

2. Appropriately, the restraint of the passion for sexual enjoyment; resistance of concupiscence; forbearance of lewd pleasures; hence, chastity. But the term is usually applied to males, as chastity is to females. Scipio the younger exhibited the noblest example of continence recorded in Pagan history; an example surpassed only by that of Joseph in sacred history.

3. Forbearance of lawful pleasure.

Content without lawful venery, is continence; without unlawful, is chastity.

Grew.

4. Moderation in the indulgence of sexual enjoyment.

Chastity is either abstinence or continence: abstinence is that of virgins or widows; continence, that of married persons.

Taylor.

5. Continuity; uninterrupted course. [Not now used.]

Ayliffe.

Continent

CON'TINENT, adjective [Latin continens.] Refraining from unlawful sexual commerce, or moderate in the indulgence of lawful pleasure; chaste.

2. Restrained; moderate; temperate.

Have a continent forbearance.

Shak.

3. Opposing; restraining.

Shak.

4. Continuous; connected; not interrupted.

The North East part of Asia, if not continent with AmericaÃ‚--

Brerewood.

A continent fever. More generally we now say a continued fever.

Continent

CON'TINENT, noun In geography, a great extent of land, not disjoined or interrupted by a sea; a connected tract of land of great extent; as the Eastern and Western continent. It differs from an isle only in extent. New Holland may be denominated a continent. Britain is called a continent, as opposed to the isle of Anglesey.

Henry, Hist. Brit. i. 34.

In Spenser, continent is used for ground in general.

2. That which contains any thing. [Not used.]

Shak.

Continental

CONTINENT'AL, adjective Pertaining or relating to a continent; as the continental powers of Europe. In America, pertaining to the United States, as continental money, in distinction from what pertains to the separate states; a word much used during the revolution.

Continently

CON'TINENTLY, adverb In a continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.

Contingence

CONTIN'GENCE, or CONTIN'GENCY, noun [Latin contingens; contingo, to fall or happen to; con and tango, to touch. See Touch.]

1. The quality of being contingent or casual; a happening; or the possibility of coming to pass.

We are not to build certain rules on the contingency of human actions.

South.

2. Casualty; accident; fortuitous event. The success of the attempt will depend on contingencies. [See Accident and Casualty.]

Contingent

CONTIN'GENT, adjective Falling or coming by chance, that is, without design or expectation on our part; accidental; casual. On our part, we speak of chance or contingencies; but with an infinite being, nothing can be contingent.

2. In law, depending on an uncertainty; as a contingent remainder.

Blackstone.

Contingent

CONTIN'GENT, noun A fortuitous event; that which comes without our design, foresight or expectation.

2. That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a quota; an equal or suitable share; proportion.

Each prince furnishes his contingent of men, money and munitions.

Contingently

CONTIN'GENTLY, adverb Accidentally; without design or foresight.

Contingentness

CONTIN'GENTNESS, noun The state of being contingent; fortuitousness.

Continual

CONTIN'UAL, adjective [French continuel; Latin continuus. See Continue.]

1. Proceeding without interruption or cessation; unceasing; not intermitting; used in reference to time.

He that hath a merry heart hath a continual feast. Proverbs 15.

I have great heaviness and continual sorrow of heart. Romans 9.

2. Very frequent; often repeated; as, the charitable man has continual applications for alms.

3. Continual fever, or continued fever, a fever that abates, but never entirely intermits, till it comes to a crisis; thus distinguished from remitting and intermitting fever.

4. Continual claim, in law, a claim that is made from time to time within every year or day, to land or other estate, the possession of which cannot be obtained without hazard.

Cowel.

5. Perpetual.

Continually

CONTIN'UALLY, adverb Without pause or cessation; unceasingly; as, the ocean is continually rolling its waves on the shore.

2. Very often; in repeated succession; from time to time.

Thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. 2 Samuel 9.

Continualness

CONTIN'UALNESS, noun Permanence.

Hales.

Continuance

CONTIN'UANCE, noun [See Continue.] A holding on or remaining in a particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time, duration; a state of lasting; as the continuance of rain or fair weather for a day or a week. Sensual pleasure is of short continuance.

2. Perseverance; as, no excuse will justify a continuance in sin.

By patient continuance in well doing. Romans 2.

3. Abode; residence; as, during our continuance in Paris.

4. Succession uninterrupted; continuation; a prolonging of existence; as, the brute regards the continuance of his species.

Addison.

5. Progression of time.

In thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned. Psalm 139.

6. In law, the deferring of a suit, or the giving of a day for the parties to a suit to appear. After issue or demurrer joined, as well as in some of the previous stages of proceeding, a day is continually given, and entered upon record, for the parties to appear on from time to time. The giving of this day is called a continuance.

Blackstone.

7. In the United States, the deferring of a trial or suit from one stated term of the court to another.

8. Continuity; resistance to a separation of parts; a holding together. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Continuate

CONTIN'UATE, verb transitive To join closely together.

Potter

Continuate

CONTIN'UATE, adjective [Latin continuatus.] Immediately united; holding together. [Little used.]

Hooker.

2. Uninterrupted; unbroken. [Little used.]

Peacham.

Continuately

CONTIN'UATELY, adverb With continuity; without interruption. [Little used.]

Wilkins.

Continuation

CONTINUA'TION, noun [Latin continuatio.] Extension of existence in a series or line; succession uninterrupted.

These things must be the works of providence, for the continuation of the species.

Ray.

2. Extension or carrying on to a further point; as the continuation of a story.

3. Extension in space; production; a carrying on in length; as the continuation of a line in surveying.

Continuative

CONTIN'UATIVE, noun An expression noting permanence or duration.

To these may be added continuatives: as, Rome remains to this day; which includes at least two propositions, viz. Rome was, and Rome is.

Watts.

2. In grammar, a word that continues.

Harris.

Continuator

CONTINUA'TOR, noun One who continues or keeps up a series or succession.

Continue

CONTIN'UE, verb intransitive [French continuer; Latin continuo; con and teneo, to hold; Italian continuare; Spanish continuar. See Tenet.]

1. To remain in a state, or place; to abide for any time indefinitely.

The multitude continue with me now three days, and have nothing to eat. Matthew 15.

2. To last; to be durable; to endure; to be permanent.

Thy kingdom shall not continue. 1 Samuel 13.

3. To persevere; to be steadfast or constant in any course.

If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed. John 8.

Continue

CONTIN'UE, verb transitive To protract; not to cease from or to terminate.

O continue thy loving kindness to them that know thee. Psalm 36.

2. To extend from one thing to another; to produce or draw out in length. Continue the line from A to B. Let the line be continued to the boundary.

3. To persevere in; not to cease to do or use; as, to continue the same diet.

4. To hold to or unite. [Not used.]

The navel continues the infant to its mother.

Brown.

Continued

CONTIN'UED, participle passive Drawn out; protracted; produced; extended in length; extended without interruption.

2. adjective Extended in time without intermission; proceeding without cessation; unceasing; as a continued fever, which abates but never entirely intermits. A continued base is performed through the whole piece.

Continued proportion, in arithmetic, is where the consequent of the first ratio is the same with the antecedent of the second, as 4 : 8 :: 8 : 16, in contradistinction from discrete proportion.

Encyc.

Continuedly

CONTIN'UEDLY, adverb Without interruption; without ceasing.

Norris.

Continuer

CONTIN'UER, noun One who continues; one that has the power of perseverance.

Shak.

Continuing

CONTIN'UING, participle of the present tense Remaining fixed or permanent; abiding; lasting; enduring; persevering; protracting; producing in length.

2. adjective Permanent.

Here we have no continuing city. Hebrews 13.

Continuity

CONTINU'ITY, noun [Latin continuitas.] Connection uninterrupted; cohesion; close union of parts; unbroken texture.

Philosophers talk of the solution of continuity.

Continuous

CONTIN'UOUS, adjective [Latin continuus.] Joined without intervening space; as continuous depth.

Thomson.

Contort

CONTORT', verb transitive [Latin contorqueo, contortus; con and torqueo, tortus.] To twist together; to writhe.

Contorted

CONTORT'ED, participle passive Twisted together. A contorted corol, in botany, has the edge of one petal lying over the next, in an oblique direction.

Martyn.

Contortion

CONTOR'TION, or CONTOR'SION, noun [French contorsion; Latin contortio.]

1. A twisting; a writhing; a wresting; a twist; wry motion; as the contorsion of the muscles of the face.

Swift.

2. In medicine, a twisting or wresting of a limb or member of the body out of its natural situation; the iliac passion; partial dislocation; distorted spine; contracted neck.

Encyc. Coxe.

Contour

CONTOUR', noun [French contour; Italian contorno; Spanish id.; con and tour, torno, a turn.]

The outline; the line that defines or terminates a figure.

Encyc. Johnson.

Contourniated

CONTOUR'NIATED, adjective Having edges appearing as if turned in a lathe.

Encyc.

Contra

CON'TRA. A Latin preposition signifying against, in opposition, entering into the composition of some English words. It appears to be a compound of con and tra, like intra; tra for Welsh tras. French contre.

Contraband

CON'TRABAND, adjective [Italian contrabbando, contrary to proclamation, prohibited; Spanish contrabando; French contrebande. See Ban.]

Prohibited. Contraband goods are such as are prohibited to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a particular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations, or by special treaties. In time of war, arms and munitions of war are not permitted by one belligerent, to be transported to the other, but are held to be contraband and liable to capture and condemnation.

Contraband

CON'TRABAND, noun Prohibition of trading in goods, contrary to the laws of a state or of nations.

2. Illegal traffick.

Contrabandist

CON'TRABANDIST, noun One who trafficks illegally.

Contract

CONTRACT', verb transitive [Latin contraho, contractum; con and traho, to draw; Italian contrarre; Spanish contraer; Portugese contrahir; French contracter. See Draw.]

1. To draw together or nearer; to draw into a less compass, either in length or breadth; to shorten; to abridge; to narrow; to lessen; as, to contract an inclosure; to contract the faculties; to contract the period of life; to contract the sphere of action.

2. To draw the parts together; to wrinkle; as, to contract the brow.

3. To betroth; to affiance. A contracted his daughter to B. The lady was contracted to a man of merit.

4. To draw to; to bring on; to incur; to gain. We contract vicious habits by indulgence. We contract debt by extravagance.

5. To shorten by omission of a letter or syllable; as, to contract a word.

6. To epitomize; to abridge; as, to contract an essay.

Contract

CONTRACT', verb intransitive To shrink; to become shorter or narrower.

Many bodies contract by the application of cold.

A hempen cord contracts by moisture.

2. To bargain; to make a mutual agreement, as between two or more persons. We have contracted for a load of flour; or we have contracted with a farmer for a quantity of provisions.

Contract

CONTRACT', for contracted, participle passive Affianced; betrothed.

Shak.

Contract

CON'TRACT, noun An agreement or covenant between two or more persons, in which each party binds himself to do or forbear some act, and each acquires a right to what the other promises; a mutual promise upon lawful consideration or cause, which binds the parties to a performance; a bargain; a compact. Contracts are executory or executed.

Sup. Court, Cranch's Rep.

2. The act by which a man and woman are betrothed, each to the other.

Shak.

3. The writing which contains the agreement of parties with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a proof of the obligation.

Contracted

CONTRACT'ED, participle passive Drawn together, or into a shorter or narrower compass; shrunk; betrothed; incurred; bargained.

2. adjective Narrow; mean; selfish; as a man of a contracted soul or mind.

Contractedly

CONTRACT'EDLY, adverb In a contracted manner.

Bp. Newton.

Contractedness

CONTRACT'EDNESS, noun The state of being contracted.

2. Narrowness; meanness; excessive selfishness.

Contractibility

CONTRACTIBIL'ITY, noun Possibility of being contracted; quality of suffering contraction; as the contractibility and dilatibility of air.

Arbuthnot.

Contractible

CONTRACT'IBLE, adjective Capable of contraction.

Small air bladders, dilatable and contractible.

Arbuthnot.

Contractibleness

CONTRACT'IBLENESS, noun The quality of suffering contraction; contractibility.

Dict.

Contractile

CONTRACT'ILE, adjective Tending to contract; having the power of shortening or of drawing into smaller dimensions; as the contractile force of certain elastic bodies.

Darwin.

Contractility

CONTRACTIL'ITY, noun The inherent quality or force by which bodies shrink or contract.

Beddoes.

Contracting

CONTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Shortening or narrowing; drawing together; lessening dimensions; shrinking; making a bargain; betrothing.

2. adjective Making or having made a contract or treaty; stipulating; as the contracting parties to a league.

Contraction

CONTRAC'TION, noun [Latin contractio.] The act of drawing together, or shrinking; the act of shortening, narrowing or lessening extent or dimensions, by causing the parts of a body to approach nearer to each other; the state of being contracted.

Oil of vitriol will throw the stomach into involuntary contractions.

Arbuthnot.

The contraction of the heart is called systole.

Some things induce a contraction of the nerves.

Bacon.

2. The act of shortening, abridging, or reducing within a narrower compass by any means. A poem may be improved by omissions or contractions.

3. In grammar, the shortening of a word, by the omission of a letter or syllable; as, can't for cannot; burst for bursted or bursten; Swedish and Danish ord, a word.

4. A contract; marriage contract. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. Abbreviation.

Contractor

CONTRACT'OR, noun One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who covenants to do any thing for another.

Taylor.

2. One who contracts or covenants with a government to furnish provisions or other supplies or to perform any work or service for the public, at a certain price or rate.

Contra-Dance

CON'TRA-DANCE, or COUN'TER-DANCE, noun [French contre-danse; Italian contraddanza; Spanish contradanza.]

A dance in which the partners are arranged in opposition, or in opposite lines.

Contradict

CONTRADICT', verb transitive [Latin contradico; contra and dico, to speak.]

1. To oppose by words; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted, or to deny what has been affirmed.

It is not lawful to contradict a point of history known to all the world.

Dryden.

The JewsÃ‚--spoke against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming. Acts 13.

2. To oppose; to be directly contrary to.

No truth can contradict another truth.

Hooker.

Contradicted

CONTRADICT'ED, participle passive Opposed in words; opposed; denied.

Contradicter

CONTRADICT'ER, noun One who contradicts or denies; an opposer.

Swift.

Contradicting

CONTRADICT'ING, participle of the present tense Affirming the contrary to what has been asserted; denying; opposing.

Contradiction

CONTRADIC'TION, noun [Latin contradictio.] An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial; contrary declaration.

2. Opposition, whether by words, reproaches or attempts to defeat.

Consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself. Hebrews 12.

3. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency with itself; incongruity or contrariety of things, words, thoughts or propositions. These theorems involve a contradiction.

If we perceive truth, we thereby perceive whatever is false in contradiction to it.

Grew.

Contradictional

CONTRADIC'TIONAL, adjective Inconsistent. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Contradictious

CONTRADIC'TIOUS, adjective Filled with contradictions; inconsistent.

Collier.

2. Inclined to contradict; disposed to deny or cavil.

3. Opposite; inconsistent.

Contradictiousness

CONTRADIC'TIOUSNESS, noun Inconsistency; contrariety to itself.

Norris.

2. Disposition to contradict or cavil.

Contradictorily

CONTRADICT'ORILY, adverb In a contradictory manner; in a manner inconsistent with itself, or opposite to others.

Brown.

Contradictoriness

CONTRADICT'ORINESS, noun Direct opposition; contrariety in assertion or effect.

Baxter.

Contradictory

CONTRADICT'ORY, adjective Affirming the contrary; implying a denial of what has been asserted; as contradictory assertions.

2. Inconsistent; opposite; contrary; as contradictory schemes.

Contradictory

CONTRADICT'ORY, noun A proposition which denies or opposes another in all its terms; contrariety; inconsistency.

It is common with princes to will contradictories.

Bacon.

Contradistinct

CONTRADISTINCT', adjective Distinguished by opposite qualities.

Smith.

Contradistinction

CONTRADISTINC'TION, noun [contra and distinction.] Distinction by opposite qualities.

We speak of sins of infirmity, in contradistinction to those of presumption.

South.

Contradistinctive

CONTRADISTINC'TIVE, adjective Distinguishing by opposites.

Harris.

Contradistinguish

CONTRADISTIN'GUISH, verb transitive [contra and distinguish.]

To distinguish not merely by differential, but by opposite qualities.

These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as contradistinguished.

Locke.

Contradistinguished

CONTRADISTIN'GUISHED, participle passive Distinguished by opposites.

Contradistinguishing

CONTRADISTIN'GUISHING, participle of the present tense Distinguishing by opposites.

Contrafissure

CONTRAFIS'SURE, noun [contra and fissure.] In surgery, a fissure or fracture in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which received the blow, or at some distance from it.

Coxe. Encyc.

Contraindicant

CONTRAIN'DICANT, noun A symptom that forbids to treat a disorder in the usual way.

Burke.

Contraindicate

CONTRAIN'DICATE, verb transitive [contra and indicate.] In medicine, to indicate some method of cure, contrary to that which the general tenor of the disease requires; or to forbid that to be done which the main scope of the malady points out.

Harvey. Encyc.

Contraindication

CONTRAINDICA'TION, noun An indication, from some peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the method of cure which the main symptoms or nature of the disease requires.

Arbuthnot.

Contramure

CON'TRAMURE, noun An out wall. [See Countermure.]

Contranatural

CONTRANAT'URAL, adjective Opposite to nature. [Little used.]

Bp. Rust.

Contranitency

CONTRANI'TENCY, noun [Latin contra and nitor, to strive.] Reaction; resistance to force.

Contraposition

CONTRAPOSI'TION, noun [contra and position.] A placing over against; opposite position.

Contrapuntist

CONTRAPUNT'IST, noun One skilled in counterpoint.

Mason.

Contraregularity

CONTRAREGULAR'ITY, noun [contra and regularity.] Contrariety to rule, or to regularity.

Norris.

Contrariant

CONTRA'RIANT, adjective [French from contrarier, to contradict, or run counter.]

Contradictory; opposite; inconsistent. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Contraries

CON'TRARIES, n. plu. [See Contrary.] In logic, propositions which destroy each other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish the truth of the other.

If two universals differ in quality, they are contraries; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both false.

Watts.

Contrariety

CONTRARI'ETY, noun [Latin contrarietas. See Contrary.]

1. Opposition in fact, essence, quality or principle; repugnance. The expedition failed by means of a contrariety of winds. There is a contrariety in the nature of virtue and vice; of love and hatred; of truth and falsehood. Among men of the same profession, we find a contrariety of opinions.

2. Inconsistency; quality or position destructive of its opposite.

How can these contrarieties agree.

Shak.

Contrarily

CON'TRARILY, adverb In an opposite manner; in opposition; on the other side; in opposite ways.

Contrariness

CON'TRARINESS, noun Contrariety; opposition.

Dict.

Contrarious

CONTRA'RIOUS, adjective Contrary; opposite; repugnant.

Milton.

Contrariously

CONTRA'RIOUSLY, adverb Contrarily; oppositely.

Shak.

Contrariwise

CON'TRARIWISE, adverb [contrary and wise, manner.]

On the contrary; oppositely; on the other hand.

Not rendering evil for evil, nor railing for railing; but contrariwise, blessing. 1 Peter 3.

Contrary

CON'TRARY, adjective [Latin contrarius, from contra, against; French contraire; Spanish Italian contrario.]

1. Opposite; adverse; moving against or in an opposite direction; as contrary winds.

2. Opposite; contradictory; not merely different, but inconsistent or repugnant.

The flesh husteth against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary, the one to the other. Galatians 5.

This adjective, in many phrases, is to be treated grammatically as an adverb, or as an adjective referring to a sentence or affirmation; as, this happened contrary to my expectations. The word here really belongs to the affirmation or fact declared, this happened; for contrary does not, like an adverb, express the manner of happening, but that the fact itself was contrary to my expectation. According, agreeable, pursuant, antecedent, prior, anterior, &c., are often used in the like manner.

Contrary

CON'TRARY, noun A thing that is contrary or of opposite qualities.

No contraries hold more antipathy,

Than I and such a knave.

Shak.

2. A proposition contrary to another, or a fact contrary to what is alledged; as, this is stated to be a fact, but I will endeavor to show the contrary.

On the contrary, in opposition; on the other side.

Swift.

To the contrary, to an opposite purpose, or fact.

They did it, not for want of instruction to the contrary.

Stillingfleet.

He said it was just, but I told him to the contrary.

Contrary

CON'TRARY, verb transitive [French contrarier.] To contradict or oppose.

Obs.

Contrary-Minded

CONTRARY-MINDED, adjective Of a different mind or opinion.

Hall.

Contrast

CONTRAST', verb transitive [French contraster, Norm. id., to contrast; Italian contrastare, Spanish Portugese

contrastar, to resist, withstand, strive, debate, quarrel. The primary sense is to set against, or to strain, to strive.]

1. To set in opposition two or more figures of a like kind, with a view to show the difference or dissimilitude, and to manifest the superior excellence of the one by the inferiority of the other, or to exhibit the excellence of the one and the defects of the other in a more striking view; as, to contrast two pictures or statues.

2. To exhibit differences or dissimilitude in painting and sculpture, by position or attitude, either of the whole figure or of its members; or to show to advantage by opposition or difference of position.

3. To set in opposition different things or qualities, to show the superior excellence of one to advantage.

To contrast the goodness of God with our rebellion, will tend to make us humble and thankful.

Clark, Serm. July 4, 1814.

Contrast

CON'TRAST, noun Opposition or dissimilitude of figures, by which one contributes to the visibility or effect of the other.

Johnson.

Contrast, in this sense, is applicable to things of a similar kind. We never speak of a contrast between a man and a mountain, or between a dog and a tree; but we observe the contrast between an oak and a shrub, and between a palace and a cottage.

2. Opposition, or difference of position, attitude, &c., of figures, or of their several members; as in painting and sculpture.

3. Opposition of things or qualities; or the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the superior excellence of one to more advantage. What a contrast between modesty and impudence, or between a wellbred man and a clown!

Contrasted

CONTRAST'ED, participle passive Set in opposition; examined in opposition.

Contrasting

CONTRAST'ING, participle of the present tense Placing in opposition, with a view to discover the difference of figures or other things, and exhibit the advantage or excellence of one beyond that of the other.

Contra-Tenor

CON'TRA-TENOR, noun In music, a middle part between the tenor and treble; counter.

Contrate-Wheel

CON'TRATE-WHEEL, noun In watch-work, the wheel next to the crown, the teeth and hoop of which lie contrary to those of the other wheels, whence its name.

Contravallation

CONTRAVALLA'TION, noun [Latin contra and vallo, to fortify; French contrevallation.]

In fortification, a trench guarded with a parapet, thrown round a place by the besiegers, to secure themselves, and check the sallies of the garrison.

Contravene

CONTRAVE'NE, verb transitive [Latin contravenio; contra and venio, to come.]

Literally, to come against; to meet. Hence, to oppose, but used in a figurative or moral sense; to oppose in principle or effect; to contradict; to obstruct in operation; to defeat; as, a law may contravene the provisions of the constitution.

Contravened

CONTRAVE'NED, participle passive Opposed; obstructed.

Contravener

CONTRAVE'NER, noun One who opposes.

Contravening

CONTRAVE'NING, participle of the present tense Opposing in principle or effect.

Contravention

CONTRAVEN'TION, noun Opposition; obstruction; a defeating of the operation or effect.

The proceedings of the allies were in direct contravention of the treaty.

Contraversion

CONTRAVER'SION, noun [Latin contra and versio, a turning.]

A turning to the opposite side; antistrophe.

Congreve.

Contrayerva

CONTRAYER'VA, noun [Spanish contrayerba; Portugese contraherva; contra and yerba, herva, an herb, Latin herba; a counter herb, an antidote for poison, or in general, an antidote.]

The genus of plants, Dorstenia; all low herbaceous plants, natives of the warm climates of America, and useful as diaphoretics.

Encyc.

Contrectation

CONTRECTA'TION, noun [Latin contrectatio, tracto.] A touching or handling.

Ferrand.

Contributary

CONTRIB'UTARY, adjective [See Contribute.] Paying tribute to the same sovereign; contributing aid to the same chief or principal.

It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where this river received a contributary stream.

D'Anville, An. Geog.

Contribute

CONTRIB'UTE, verb transitive [Latin contribuo; con and tribuo, to grant, assign, or impart; Italian contribuire; Spanish contribuir; French contribuer. See Tribe, Tribute.]

1. To give or grant in common with others; to give to a common stock or for a common purpose; to pay a share.

England contributes much more than any other of the allies.

Addison.

It is the duty of christians to contribute a portion of their substance for the propagation of the gospel.

2. To impart a portion or share to a common purpose.

Let each man contribute his influence to correct public morals.

Contribute

CONTRIB'UTE, verb intransitive To give a part; to lend a portion of power, aid or influence; to have a share in any act or effect.

There is not a single beauty in the piece, to which the invention must not contribute.

Pope.

Contributed

CONTRIB'UTED, participle passive Given or advanced to a common fund, stock or purpose; paid as a share.

Contributing

CONTRIB'UTING, participle of the present tense Giving in common with others to some stock or purpose; imparting a share.

Contribution

CONTRIBU'TION, noun The act of giving to a common stock, or in common with others; the act of lending a portion of power or influence to a common purpose; the payment of each man's share of some common expense.

2. That which is given to a common stock or purpose, either by an individual or by many. We speak of the contribution of one person, or the contribution of a society. Contributions are involuntary, as taxes and imposts; or voluntary, as for some undertaking.

3. In a military sense, impositions paid by a frontier country, to secure themselves from being plundered by the enemy's army; or impositions upon a country in the power of an enemy, which are levied under various pretenses, and for various purposes, usually for the support of the army.

Contributive

CONTRIB'UTIVE, adjective Tending to contribute; contributing; having the power or quality of giving a portion of aid or influence; lending aid to promote, in concurrence with others.

This measure is contributive to the same end.

Taylor.

Contributor

CONTRIB'UTOR, noun One who contributes; one who gives or pays money to a common stock or fund; one who gives aid to a common purpose in conjunction with others.

Contributory

CONTRIB'UTORY, adjective Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock.

Contristate

CONTRIS'TATE, verb transitive [Latin contristo.] To make sorrowful. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Contristation

CONTRISTA'TION, noun The act of making sad. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Contrite

CON'TRITE, adjective [Latin contritus, from contero, to break or bruise; con and tero, to bruise, rub or wear. See Trite.]

Literally, worn or bruised. Hence, broken-hearted for sin; deeply affected with grief and sorrow for having offended God; humble; penitent; as a contrite sinner.

A broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. Psalm 51.

Contritely

CON'TRITELY, adverb In a contrite manner; with penitence.

Contriteness

CON'TRITENESS, noun Deep sorrow and penitence for sin.

Contrition

CONTRI'TION, noun [Latin contritio.] The act of grinding or rubbing to powder.

Newton.

2. Penitence; deep sorrow for sin; grief of heart for having offended an infinitely holy and benevolent God. The word is usually understood to mean genuine penitence, accompanied with a deep sense of ingratitude in the sinner, and sincere resolution to live in obedience to the divine law.

Fruits of more pleasing savor, from thy seed Sown with contrition in his heart.

Milton.

Imperfect repentance is by some divines called attrition.

Contrivable

CONTRI'VABLE, adjective [See Contrive.] That may be contrived; capable of being planned, invented, or devised.

Perpetual motion may seem easily contrivable.

Wilkins.

Contrivance

CONTRI'VANCE, noun [See Contrive.] The act of inventing, devising or planning.

There is no work impossible to these contrivances.

Wilkins.

2. The thing invented or planned; a scheme; plan; disposition of parts or cause by design.

Our bodies are made according to the most orderly contrivance.

Glanville.

3. Artifice; plot; scheme.

He has managed his contrivance well.

Contrive

CONTRI'VE, verb transitive [French controuver; con and trouver, to find; Italian controvare.]

1. To invent; to devise; to plan.

Our poet has always some beautiful design, which he first establishes, and then contrives the means which will naturally conduct him to his end.

Dryden.

2. To wear out. Obs.

Spenser.

[This must be from the Latin contero, contrivi, and if the French controuver, and Italian controvare, are the same word differently applied, the primary sense is, to invent by rubbing, that is, by ruminating; or to strike out, as in forge. But the word is probably from trouver, to find.]

Contrive

CONTRI'VE, verb intransitive To form or design; to plan; to scheme.

How shall we contrive to hide our shame?

This verb is really transitive, but followed by a verb, in the place of an object or name.

Contrived

CONTRI'VED, participle passive Invented; planned; devised.

Contrivement

CONTRI'VEMENT, noun Contrivance; invention.

Contriver

CONTRI'VER, noun An inventor; one who plans or devises; a schemer.

Swift. Shak.

Contriving

CONTRI'VING, participle of the present tense Planning; forming in design.

Control

CONTROL, or CONTROLL, noun [French controlle, a counter-register; contre and rolle, a roll, list or catalogue; Armoric counter roll.]

1. Primarily, a book, register or account, kept to correct or check another account or register; a counter-register. Hence, check; restraint; as, to speak, or to act without control. The wind raged without control. Our passions should be under the control of reason.

2. Power; authority; government; command. Children should be under the control of their parents. The events of life are not always under our control.

3. He or that which restrains.

Burke.

Control

CONTROL, or CONTROLL, verb transitive To keep under check by a counter-register or double account. The proper officer controls the accounts of the treasury.

2. To check; to restrain; to govern.

I feel my virtue struggling in my soul: But stronger passion does its power control.

Dryden.

3. To overpower; to subject to authority; to counteract; to have under command. The course of events cannot be controlled by human wisdom or power.

4. To direct or govern in opposition; to have superior force, or authority over.

A recital cannot control the plain words in the granting part of a deed.

Johnson's Reports.

Controllable

CONTROLLABLE, adjective That may be controlled, checked or restrained; subject to command.

Passion is the drunkenness of the mind, and not always controllable by reason.

South.

Controlled

CONTROLLED, participle passive Checked; restrained; governed.

Controller

CONTROLLER, noun [Norm. countre-rouler.] One who controls, or restrains; one that has the power or authority to govern or control.

The great controller of our fate Deign'd to be man, and lived in low estate.

Dryden.

2. An officer appointed to keep a counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control or verify the accounts of other officers; as in Great Britain, the controller of the hanaper, of the household, of the pipe, and of the pells. In the United States, the duty of the controller of the treasury is to superintend the adjustment and preservation of the public accounts; to examine all accounts settled by the auditor, and certify to the register the balances due thereon; to countersign all warrantsdrawn by the secretary of the treasury which shall be warranted by law; to report to the secretary the official forms of all papers to be issued in the different offices for collecting the public revenue, and the manner and form of keeping and stating the accounts of the persons employed in them, &c.

Stat. of United States.

Controllership

CONTROLLERSHIP, noun The office of a controller.

Controlment

CONTROLMENT, or CONTROLLMENT, noun The power or act of controlling; the state of being restrained; control; restraint.

2. Opposition; resistance; counteraction; refutation.

For this word, control is now generally used.

Controverse

CON'TROVERSE, noun and v. Controversy, and to dispute. Obs.

Controverser

CON'TROVERSER, or CON'TROVERSOR, noun A disputant. Obs.

Mountagu.

Controversial

CONTROVER'SIAL, adjective [See Controvert, Controversy.]

Relating to disputes; as a controversial discourse.

Controversialist

CONTROVER'SIALIST, noun One who carries on a controversy; a disputant.

Controversy

CON'TROVERSY, noun [Latin controversia. See Controvert.]

1. Dispute; debate; agitation of contrary opinions. A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson. Dispute is often or generally a debate of short duration, a temporary debate; a controversy is often oral and sometimes continued in books or in law for months or years.

This left no room for controversy, about the title.

Locke.

Without controversy, great is the mystery of godliness. 1 Timothy 3.

2. A suit in law; a case in which opposing parties contend for their respective claims before a tribunal.

And by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried. Deuteronomy 21.

3. Dispute; opposition carried on.

The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. Jeremiah 25.

4. Opposition; resistance.

And stemming [the torrent] with hearts of controversy.

Shak.

Controvert

CON'TROVERT, verb transitive [Latin controverto, controversor; contra and verto, verso, to turn. Literally, to turn against.]

To dispute; to oppose by reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to deny and attempt to disprove or confute; to agitate contrary opinions; as, to controvert opinions, or principles; to controvert the justness of a conclusion.

Controverted

CON'TROVERTED, participle passive Disputed; opposed in debate.

Controverter

CON'TROVERTER, noun One who controverts; a controversial writer.

B. Jonson.

Controvertible

CONTROVERT'IBLE, adjective That may be disputed; disputable; not too evident to exclude difference of opinion; as, this is a controvertible point of law.

Controverting

CON'TROVERTING, participle passive Disputing; denying and attempting to refute.

Controvertist

CON'TROVERTIST, noun One who controverts; a disputant; a man versed or engaged in controversy, or disputation.

How unfriendly is the spirit of the controvertist to the discernment of the critic.

Campbell.

Contumacious

CONTUMA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin contumax, from con and tumeo, to swell.]

1. Literally, swelling against; haughty. Hence, obstinate; perverse; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; disobedient; as a contumacious child.

2. In law, wilfully disobedient to the orders of a court.

Blackstone.

Contumaciously

CONTUMA'CIOUSLY, adverb Obstinately; stubbornly; perversely; in disobedience of orders.

Contumaciousness

CONTUMA'CIOUSNESS, noun Obstinacy; perverseness; stubbornness; contumacy.

Contumacy

CON'TUMACY, noun [Latin contumacia.] Stubbornness; unyielding obstinacy; inflexibility.

Milton.

2. In law, a wilful contempt and disobedience to any lawful summons or order of court; a refusal to appear in court when legally summoned, or disobedience to its rules and orders.

Ayliffe.

Contumelious

CONTUME'LIOUS, adjective [Latin contumeliosus. See Contumely.]

1. Haughtily reproachful; contemptuous; insolent; rude and sarcastic; as contumelious language.

Swift.

2. Haughty and contemptuous; disposed to utter reproach, or to insult; insolent; proudly rude; as a contumelious person.

Shak.

3. Reproachful; shameful; ignominious.

Decay of Piety.

Contumeliously

CONTUME'LIOUSLY, adverb In a contumelious manner; with pride and contempt; reproachfully; rudely; insolently.

Contumeliousness

CONTUME'LIOUSNESS, noun Reproach; rudeness; contempt.

Contumely

CON'TUMELY, noun [Latin contumelia, from contumeo; con and tumeo, to swell.]

Rudeness or reproach compounded of haughtiness and contempt; contemptuousness; insolence; contemptuous language.

The oppressor's wrong; the proud man's contumely.

Shak.

Contund

CONTUND', verb transitive [Latin contundo.] To beat; to bruise by beating. [Little used.]

Gayton.

Contuse

CONTU'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin contusus, contundo.]

To beat; to bruise; to injure the flesh or substance of a living being or other thing without breaking the skin or substance, sometimes with a breach of the skin or substance.

Bacon.

Contusion

CONTU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin contusio, from contundo; con and tundo, to beat.]

1. The act of beating and bruising, or the state of being bruised.

2. The act of reducing to powder or fine particles by beating.

Bacon.

3. In surgery, a bruise; a hurt or injury to the flesh or some part of the body by a blunt instrument, or by a fall.

Conundrum

CONUN'DRUM, noun A low jest; a mean conceit.

Conusance

CON'USANCE, noun [French connoissance.] Cognizance; knowledge; notice. [See Connusance.]

Conusant

CON'USANT, adjective Knowing; having notice of.

Convalescence

CONVALES'CENCE, or CONVALES'CENCY, noun [Latin convalesco, to grow stronger; con and valesco, to get strength, valeo, to be strong, well. See Well and Avail.]

Renewal of health; the insensible recovery of health and strength after disease; the state of a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness.

Convalescent

CONVALES'CENT, adjective Recovering health and strength after sickness or debility.

Convallary

CON'VALLARY, noun A genus of plants, Convallaria.

Muhlenberg.

Convenable

CONVE'NABLE, adjective [See Convene.] That may be convened, or assembled.

Panoplist, May 1809.

2. Consistent. Obs.

Spenser.

Convene

CONVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin convenio; con and venio, to come.]

1. To come together; to meet; to unite; as things. [Unusual.]

The rays of light converge and convene in the eyes.

Newton.

2. To come together; to meet in the same place; to assemble; as persons. Parliament will convene in November. The two houses of the legislature convened at twelve o'clock. The citizens convened in the state-house.

Convene

CONVE'NE, verb transitive To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke. The President has power to convene the Congress, on special occasions.

2. To summon judicially to meet or appear.

By the papal canon law, clerks can be convened only before an ecclesiastical judge.

Ayliffe.

Convened

CONVE'NED, participle passive Assembled; convoked.

Convener

CONVE'NER, noun One who convenes or meets with others; one who calls together.

Convenience

CONVE'NIENCE, or CONVE'NIENCY, noun [Latin convenientia, from convenio.]

Literally, a coming together; a meeting. Hence,

1. Fitness; suitableness; propriety; adaptation of one thing to another, or to circumstances.

Hooker.

2. Commodiousness; ease; freedom from difficulty.

Every man must want something for the convenience of his life.

Calamy.

There is another convenience in this method.

Swift.

3. That which gives ease; accommodation; that which is suited to wants or necessity. A pair of spectacles is a great convenience in old age.

4. Fitness of time or place.

Shak.

Convenient

CONVE'NIENT, adjective Fit; suitable; proper; adapted to use or to wants; commodious; followed by to or for; usually by for.

Some arts are peculiarly convenient to particular nations.

Tillotson.

Feed me with food convenient for me. Proverbs 30.

Conveniently

CONVE'NIENTLY, adverb Fitly; suitably; with adaptation to the end or effect. That house is not conveniently situated for a tradesman.

2. Commodiously; with ease; without trouble or difficulty. He cannot conveniently accept the invitation.

Convening

CONVE'NING, participle of the present tense Coming together; calling together.

Convening

CONVE'NING, noun The act of coming together; convention.

Convent

CON'VENT, noun [Latin conventus, from convenio, to assemble; French couvent.]

1. An assembly of persons devoted to religion; a body of monks or nuns.

2. A house for persons devoted to religion; an abbey; a monastery; a nunnery.

Convent

CONVENT', verb transitive [Latin conventus, convenio.]

To call before a judge or judicature.

Shak. Bacon.

Convent

CONVENT', verb intransitive To meet; to concur. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Conventicle

CONVENT'ICLE, noun [Latin conventiculum, dim. of conventus.]

1. An assembly or meeting; usually applied to a meeting of dissenters from the established church, for religious worship. In this sense it is used by English writers and in English statutes. Hence, an assembly, in contempt.

Atterbury.

In the United States, this word has no appropriate application, and is little used, or not at all.

2. A secret assembly or cabal; a meeting for plots.

Shak.

Conventicle

CONVENT'ICLE, verb intransitive To belong to a conventicle.

South.

Conventicler

CONVENT'ICLER, noun One who supports or frequents conventicles.

Dryden.

Convention

CONVEN'TION, noun [Latin conventio. See Convene.]

1. The act of coming together; a meeting of several persons or individuals.

Boyle.

2. Union; coalition.

3. An assembly. In this sense, the word includes any formal meeting or collection of men for civil or ecclesiastical purposes; particularly an assembly of delegates or representatives for consultation on important concerns, civil, political or ecclesiastical.

In Great Britain, convention is the name given to an extraordinary assembly of the estates of the realm, held without the king's writ; as the assembly which restored Charles II. to the throne, and that which declared the throne to be abdicated by James II.

In the United States, this name is given to the assembly of representatives which forms a constitution of government, or political association; as the convention which formed the constitution of the United States in 1787.

4. An agreement or contract between two parties, as between the commanders of two armies; an agreement previous to a definitive treaty.

Conventional

CONVEN'TIONAL, adjective [French conventionnel.] Stipulated; formed by agreement.

Conventional services reserved by tenures on grants, made out of the crown or knights service.

Hale.

Conventionary

CONVEN'TIONARY, adjective Acting under contract; settled by stipulation; conventional; as conventionary tenants.

Carew.

Conventioner

CONVEN'TIONER, noun One who belongs to a convention.

Conventionist

CONVEN'TIONIST, noun One who makes a contract.

Sterne.

Conventual

CONVEN'TUAL, adjective [French conventuel.] Belonging to a convent; monastic; as conventual priors.

Conventual

CONVEN'TUAL, noun One that lives in a convent; a monk or nun.

Addison.

Converge

CONVERGE, v. i. converj'. [Low Latin convergo; con and vergo, to incline. See Verge.]

To tend to one point; to incline and approach nearer together, as two lines which continually approach each other; opposed to diverge. Lines which converge in one direction, diverge in the other.

The mountains converge into a single ridge.

Jefferson.

Convergence

CONVERG'ENCE, or CONVERG'ENCY, noun The quality of converging; tendency to one point.

Gregory.

Convergent

CONVERG'ENT, adjective Tending to one point; approaching each other, as they proceed or are extending.

Converging

CONVERG'ING, participle of the present tense Tending to one point; approaching each other, as lines extended.

Converging rays, in optics, those rays of light, which proceeding from different points of an object, approach, meet and cross, and become diverging rays.

Encycs.

Converging series, in mathematics, is that in which the magnitude of the several terms gradually diminishes.

Encyc.

Conversable

CONVERS'ABLE, adjective [Italian conversabile; French conversable. See Converse.]

Qualified for conversation, or rather disposed to converse; ready or inclined to mutual communication of thoughts; sociable; free in discourse.

Addison.

Conversableness

CONVERS'ABLENESS, noun The quality of being free in conversation; disposition or readiness to converse; sociability.

Conversably

CONVERS'ABLY, adverb In a conversable manner.

Conversant

CON'VERSANT, adjective [Italian conversante. See Converse.]

1. Keeping company; having frequent or customary intercourse; intimately associating; familiar by fellowship or cohabitation; acquainted.

But the men were very good to usÃ‚--as long as we were conversant with them. 1 Samuel 25. Never to be infected with delight, Nor conversant with ease and idleness.

Shak.

2. Acquainted by familiar use or study. We correct our style, and improve our taste, by being conversant with the best classical writers.

In the foregoing applications, this word is most generally followed by with, according to present usage. In was formerly used; and both in and among may be used.

3. Concerning; having concern, or relation to; having for its object; followed by about.

Education is conversant about children.

Wotton.

Conversation

CONVERSA'TION, noun General course of manners; behavior; deportment; especially as it respects morals.

Let your conversation be as becometh the gospel. Philippians 1.

Be ye holy in all manner of conversation. 1 Peter 1.

2. A keeping company; familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or association; commerce in social life. Knowledge of men and manners is best acquired by conversations with the best company.

3. Intimate and familiar acquaintance; as a conversation with books, or other object.

4. Familiar discourse; general intercourse of sentiments; chat; unrestrained talk; opposed to a formal conference.

What I mentioned in conversation was not a new thought.

Swift.

[This is now the most general use of the word.]

Conversationed

CONVERSA'TIONED, adjective Acquainted with the manner of acting in life. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Conversative

CONVERS'ATIVE, adjective Relating to an intercourse with men; opposed to contemplative.

She chose to endue him with conversative qualities of youth.

Wotton.

Conversazione

CONVERSAZIO'NE, noun [Italian] A meeting of company.

Gray.

Converse

CONVERSE, v. i. convers'. [Latin conversor; con and versor, to be turned; French converser; Italian conversare; Spanish conversar. Literally, to be turned to or with; to be turned about.]

1. To keep company; to associate; to cohabit; to hold intercourse and be intimately acquainted; followed by with.

For him who lonely loves To seek the distant hills, and there converse With nature.

Thomson.

2. To have sexual commerce.

Guardian.

3. To talk familiarly; to have free intercourse in mutual communication of thoughts and opinions; to convey thoughts reciprocally; followed by with before the person addressed, and on before the subject. Converse as friend with friend. We have often conversed with each other on the merit of Milton's poetry.

[This is now the most general use of the word.]

Converse

CON'VERSE, noun Conversation: familiar discourse or talk; free interchange of thoughts or opinions.

Formed by thy converse happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe.

Pope.

2. Acquaintance by frequent or customary intercourse; cohabitation; familiarity. In this sense, the word may include discourse, or not; as, to hold converse with persons of different sects; or to hold converse with terrestrial things.

3. In mathematics, an opposite proposition; thus, after drawing a conclusion from something supposed, we invert the order, making the conclusion the supposition or premises, and draw from it what was first supposed. Thus, if two sides of a triangle are equal, the angles opposite the sides are equal: and the converse is true; if these angles are equal, the two sides are equal.

Chambers. Bailey.

Conversely

CON'VERSELY, adverb With change of order; in a contrary order; reciprocally.

Johnson.

Conversion

CONVER'SION, noun [Latin conversio. See Convert.]

1. In a general sense, a turning or change from one state to another; with regard to substances, transmutation; as a conversion of water into ice, or of food into chyle or blood.

2. In military affairs, a change of front, as when a body of troops is attacked in the flank, and they change their position to face the enemy.

3. In a theological or moral sense, a change of heart, or dispositions, in which the enmity of the heart to God and his law and the obstinacy of the will are subdued, and are succeeded by supreme love to God and his moral government, and a reformation of life.

4. Change from one side or party to another.

That conversion will be suspected that apparently concurs with interest.

Johnson.

5. A change from one religion to another; as the conversion of the Gentiles. Acts 15.

6. The act of appropriating to private use; as in trover and conversion.

Conversion of equations, in algebra, the reduction of equations by multiplication, or the manner of altering an equation, when the quantity sought or any member of it is a fraction; the reducing of a fractional equation into an integral one.

Encyc. Baile. Johnson.

Conversion of propositions, in logic, is a changing of the subject into the place of the predicate, and still retaining the quality of the proposition.

Bailey.

Conversion of the ratios, in arithmetic, is the comparing of the antecedent with the difference of the antecedent and consequent, in two equal ratios or proportions.

Bailey.

Convert

CONVERT', verb transitive [Latin converto; con and verto, to turn; coinciding in elements and signification with barter, and probably from the root of vary, vario, veer, Spanish birar, Portugese virar, to turn. Class Br.]

1. To change or turn into another substance or form; as, to convert gases into water, or water into ice.

2. To change from one state to another; as, to convert a barren waste into a fruitful field; to convert a wilderness into a garden; to convert rude savages into civilized men.

3. To change or turn from one religion to another, or from one party or sect to another; as, to convert pagans to christianity; to convert royalists into republicans.

4. To turn from a bad life to a good one; to change the heart and moral character, from enmity to God and from vicious habits, to love of God and to a holy life.

Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out. Acts 3.

He that converteth a sinner from the error of his way, shall save a soul from death. James 5.

5. To turn toward a point.

Crystal will callify into electricity, and convert the needle freely placed. [Unusual.]

Brown.

6. To turn from one use or destination to another; as, to convert liberty into an engine of oppression.

7. To appropriate or apply to one's own use, or to personal benefit; as, to convert public property to our own use.

8. To change one proposition into another, so that what was the subject of the first becomes the predicate of the second; as, all sin is a transgression of the law; but every transgression of the law is sin.

Hale.

9. To turn into another language.

B. Jonson.

Convert

CONVERT', verb intransitive To turn or be changed; to undergo a change.

The love of wicked friends converts to fear: That fear, to hate.

Shak.

Convert

CON'VERT, noun A person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another; a person who renounces one creed, religious system or party, and embraces another; applied particularly to those who change their religious opinions, but applicable to political or philosophical sects.

2. In a more strict sense, one who is turned from sin to holiness.

Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. Isaiah 1.

3. In monasteries, a lay-friar or brother, admitted to the service of the house, without orders, and not allowed to sing in the choir.

Encyc.

Converted

CONVERT'ED, participle passive Turned or changed from one substance or state to another; turned from one religion or sect to another; changed from a state of sin to a state of holiness; applied to a particular use; appropriated.

Converter

CONVERT'ER, noun One who converts; one who makes converts.

Convertibility

CONVERTIBIL'ITY, noun [from convertible.]

1. The quality of being possible to be converted or changed from one substance, form or state to another; as the convertibility of land into money.

Burke.

2. The quality of being changeable from one letter to another; as the convertibility of m with b, or of d into t.

As. Researches.

Convertible

CONVERT'IBLE, adjective [French from convertir.]

1. That may be changed; susceptible of change; transmutable; transformable.

Minerals are not convertible into another species, though of the same genus.

Harvey.

2. So much alike that one may be used for another. Usury and interest are not now converlible terms, though formerly they were.

3. That may be changed, as one letter for another; as b, p and f are convertible letters.

Convertibly

CONVERT'IBLY, adverb Reciprocally; with interchange of terms.

South.

Convertite

CON'VERTITE, noun A convert. [Not in use.]

Convex

CON'VEX, adjective [Latin convexus; Italian convesso.] Rising or swelling on the exterior surface into a spherical or round form; gibbous; opposed to concave, which expresses a round form of the interior surface; as a convex mirror or lens.

Convex

CON'VEX, noun A convex body; as heaven's convex.

Tickel.

Convexed

CON'VEXED, adjective Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form.

Brown.

Convexedly

CONVEX'EDLY, adverb In a convex form.

Brown.

Convexity

CONVEX'ITY, noun [Latin convexitas.] The exterior surface of a convex body; a gibbous or globular form; roundness.

Newton. Bentley.

Convexly

CON'VEXLY, adverb In a convex form; as a body convexly conical.

Convexness

CON'VEXNESS, noun Convexity, which see.

Convexo-Concave

CONVEX'O-CON'CAVE, adjective Convex on one side and concave on the other; having the hollow on the inside corresponding to the convex surface.

Convexo-Convex

CONVEX'O-CON'VEX, adjective Convex on both sides.

Convey

CONVEY', verb transitive [Latin conveho; con and veho, to carry, Saxon woegan, wegan, to weigh. See Weigh and Way.]

1. To carry, bear or transport, either by land or water, or in air; as, to convey a letter or a package; to convey goods from England to France.

2. To pass or cause to pass; to transmit; as, to convey a right or an estate from father to son.

3. To transfer; to pass a title to any thing from one person to another, as by deed, assignment or otherwise; as, to convey lands by bargain and sale.

4. To cause to pass; to transmit; to carry, by any medium; as, air conveys sound; words convey ideas.

5. To manage; to carry on. [Not used.]

I will convey the business as I shall find means.

Shak.

6. To impart; to communicate.

Conveyable

CONVEY'ABLE, adjective That may be conveyed or transferred.

Burke on the Sublime.

Conveyance

CONVEY'ANCE, noun The act of conveying; the act of bearing, carrying, or transporting, by land or water, or through any medium.

2. The act of transmitting, or transferring, as titles, estates or claims from one person to another; transmission; transferrence; assignment.

3. The instrument or means of passing a thing from place to place, or person to person; as, a vehicle is a conveyance for persons or goods; a canal or aqueduct is a conveyance for water; a deed is a conveyance of land.

4. Removal; the act of removing or carrying.

Shak.

5. Management; artifice; secret practices. [In this sense, obsolete.]

Spenser.

Conveyancer

CONVEY'ANCER, noun One whose occupation is to draw conveyances of property, deeds, &c.

Conveyancing

CONVEY'ANCING, noun The act or practice of drawing deeds, leases or other writings for transferring the title to property from one person to another.

Conveyer

CONVEY'ER, noun One who conveys; he or that which conveys, carries, transports, transmits or transfers from one person or place to another.

2. A juggler.

Shak.

Conveying

CONVEY'ING, participle of the present tense Carrying; transporting; transferring.

Convicinity

CONVICIN'ITY, noun Neighborhood; vicinity.

Warton.

Convict

CONVICT', verb transitive [Latin convinco, convictum; con and vinco, to vanquish or subdue; Spanish convencer; Italian convincere; French convaincre. See Convince. The verb vinco is allied to vincio, to bind, the primary sense of which is to strain, force, make fast, hence to subdue; and as n appears to be casual, the root is Vg or Vc.]

1. To determine the truth of a charge against one; to prove or find guilty of a crime charged; to determine or decide to be guilty, as by the verdict of a jury, by confession, or other legal decision. The jury convicted the prisoner of felony.

2. To convince of sin; to prove or determine to be guilty, as by the conscience.

They who heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one. John 8.

3. To confute; to prove or show to be false. Obs.

Brown.

4. To show by proof or evidence. Obs.

Hooker.

Convict

CONVICT', participle passive for convicted. Proved or found guilty.

Shak.

Convict

CON'VICT, noun A person proved or found guilty of a crime alledged against him, either by the verdict of a jury or other legal decision.

Convicted

CONVICT'ED, participle passive Proved or determined to be guilty, either by verdict of a jury or by the decision of conscience.

Convicting

CONVICT'ING, participle of the present tense Proving or finding guilty.

Conviction

CONVIC'TION, noun The act of proving, finding or determining to be guilty of an offense charged against a person before a legal tribunal; as by confession, by the verdict of a jury, or by the sentence of other tribunal, as in the summary convictions before commissioners of the revenue.

2. The act of convincing, or compelling one to admit the truth of a charge; the act of convincing of sin or sinfulness; the state of being convinced or convicted by conscience; the state of being sensible of guilt; as, the convictions of a sinner may be temporary, or lasting and efficacious. By conviction, a sinner is brought to repentance. Men often sin against the conviction of their own consciences.

3. The act of convincing of error; confutation; the act of compelling one to acknowledge his error, or the truth of what is alledged; as, the conviction of a heretic may induce him to abandon his errors.

Convictive

CONVIC'TIVE, adjective Having the power to convince or convict.

Convictively

CONVIC'TIVELY, adverb In a convincing manner.

More.

Convince

CONVINCE, v. t. convins'. [Latin convinco; con and vinco, to vanquish; Spanish convencer; Italian convincere; French convaincre.]

1. To persuade or satisfy the mind by evidence; to subdue the opposition of the mind to truth, or to what is alledged, and compel it to yield its assent; as, to convince a man of his errors; or to convince him of the truth.

For he mightily convinced the JewsÃ‚--showing by the scriptures that Jesus was the Christ. Acts 18.

2. To convict; to prove guilty; to constrain one to admit or acknowledge himself to be guilty.

If ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of [by] the law as transgressors. James 2.

To convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds. Jude 15.

3. To envince; to prove. Obs.

Shak.

4. To overpower; to surmount; to vanquish. Obs.

Shak.

Convinced

CONVIN'CED, participle passive Persuaded in mind; satisfied with evidence; convicted.

Convincement

CONVINCEMENT, n. convins'ment. Conviction. [Little used.]

Convincer

CONVIN'CER, noun He or that which convinces; that which makes manifest.

More.

Convincible

CONVIN'CIBLE, adjective Capable of conviction.

2. Capable of being disproved or refuted. [Little used.]

Brown.

Convincing

CONVIN'CING, participle of the present tense Persuading the mind by evidence; convicting.

2. adjective Persuading the mind by evidence; capable of subduing the opposition of the mind and compelling its assent. We have convincing proof of the truth of the scriptures, and of God's moral government of the world.

Convincingly

CONVIN'CINGLY, adverb In a convincing manner; in a manner to leave no room to doubt, or to compel assent.

Clarendon.

Convincingness

CONVIN'CINGNESS, noun The power of convincing.

Convitious

CONVI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin convitior.] Reproachful. Obs.

Convive

CONVI'VE, verb transitive To entertain; to feast. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Convivial

CONVIV'IAL, adjective [Latin convivalis, from conviva, a guest, or convivo, to live or eat and drink together; con and vivo, to live. See Victuals.]

Relating to a feast or entertainment; festal; social; jovial; as a convivial meeting.

Denham.

Conviviality

CONVIVIAL'ITY, noun The good humor or mirth indulged at an entertainment.

2. A convivial spirit or disposition.

Convocate

CON'VOCATE, verb transitive [Latin convoco, to convoke; con and voco, to call. See Voice.]

To convoke; to call or summon to meet; to assemble by summons. [See Convoke.]

Convocation

CONVOCA'TION, noun [Latin convocatio.] The act of calling or assembling by summons.

2. An assembly.

In the first day there shall be a holy convocation. Exodus 12.

3. In England, an assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs. It is held during the session of parliament, and consists of an upper and lower house. In the upper house sit the archbishops and bishops; in the lower house sit the inferior clergy, represented by their proctors, consisting of all the deans and arch-deacons, of one proctor for every chapter, and two for the clergy of every diocese, in all one hundred and forty-three divines, viz. twenty-two deans, fifty-three arch-deacons, twenty-four prebendaries, and forty-four proctors of the diocesan clergy.

Encyc.

4. An academical assembly, in which the business of the university is transacted.

Laud.

Convoke

CONVO'KE, verb transitive [Latin convoco; French convoquer. See Voice.]

To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by summons.

It is the prerogative of the President of the U. States to convoke the senate.

Convoked

CONVO'KED, participle passive Summoned or assembled by order.

Convoking

CONVO'KING, participle of the present tense Summoning to convene; assembling.

Convolute

CON'VOLUTE, or CON'VOLUTED, adjective Rolled together, or one part on another; as the sides or margins of nascent leaves in plants, or as the petals and stigmas in Crocus.

Martyn. Lee.

Convolution

CONVOLU'TION, noun [Latin convolutio.] The act of rolling or winding together, or one thing on another; the state of being rolled together.

2. A winding or twisting; a winding motion; as the convolution of certain vines; the convolution of an eddy.

Thomson.

Convolve

CONVOLVE, v. t. convolv'. [Latin convolvo; con and volvo, to roll. See Wallow.]

To roll or wind together; to roll one part on another.

Convolvulus

CONVOLV'ULUS, noun [Latin from convolvo.] Bindweed, a genus of plants of many species.

Convoy

CONVOY', verb transitive [French convoyer; Italian conviare; Spanish convoyar; Portugese comboyar; con and voie, via, way, or the same root; or more directly from the root of Latin veho, to carry, Saxon woegan, wegan, to bear or carry, to bring along.]

To accompany on the way for protection, either by sea or land; as, ships of war con

voyed the Jamaica fleet; the troops convoyed the baggage wagons.

When persons are to be protected, the word escort is used.

Convoy

CON'VOY, noun A protecting force accompanying ships or property on their way from place to place, either by sea or land. By sea, a ship or ships of war which accompany merchantmen for protection from an enemy. By land, any body of troops which accompany provisions, ammunition or other property for protection.

2. The ship or fleet conducted and protected; that which is conducted by a protecting force; that which is convoyed. The word sometimes includes both the protecting and protected fleets.

Admiralty Reports. Anderson. Burchett.

Encyc. State Papers.

3. The act of attending for defense.

Shak. Milton.

4. Conveyance. Obs.

Shak.

Convoyed

CONVOY'ED, participle passive Attended on a passage by a protecting force.

Convoying

CONVOY'ING, participle of the present tense Attending on a voyage or passage for defense from enemies; attending and guarding.

Convulse

CONVULSE, v. t. convuls'. [Latin convello, convulsum, convulsus; con and vello, to pull or pluck.]

1. To draw or contract, as the muscular parts of an animal body; to affect by irregular spasms; as, the whole frame may be convulsed by agony.

2. To shake; to affect by violent irregular action.

Convulsing heaven and earth.

Thomson.

Convulsed

CONVULS'ED, participle passive Contracted by spasms; shaken violently.

Convulsing

CONVULS'ING, participle of the present tense Affecting by spasmodic contractions; shaking, with violence.

Convulsion

CONVUL'SION, noun [Latin convulsio.] A preternatural, violent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body.

Encyc.

2. Any violent and irregular motion; tumult; commotion; as political convulsions.

Convulsive

CONVUL'SIVE, adjective That produces convulsion; as convulsive rage; convulsive sorrow.

Dryden. Prior.

2. Attended with convulsion or spasms; as convulsive motions; convulsive strife.

Dryden. Hale.

Convulsively

CONVUL'SIVELY, adverb With violent shaking or agitation.

Cony

CO'NY, or CO'NEY, noun [Dutch konyn; German kanin; Swedish kanin; Danish kanine; French conin or conil; Latin cuniculus; Italian coniglio; Spanish conejo; Irish cuinin; Welsh cwning. The primary sense is a shoot, or a shooting along.]

A rabbit; a quadruped of the genus Lepus, which has a short tail and naked ears. In a wild state the fur is brown, but the color of the domestic rabbit is various.

Cony-Burrow

CO'NY-BURROW, noun A place where rabbits burrow in the earth.

Cony-Catch

CO'NY-CATCH, verb intransitive [cony and catch.] In the cant of thieves, to cheat; to bite; to trick.

Shak.

Cony-Catcher

CO'NY-CATCHER, noun A thief; a cheat; a sharper. Obs.

Cony-Catching

CO'NY-CATCHING, noun Banter. Obs.

Shak.

Coo

COO, verb intransitive [probably from the sound.]

To cry, or make a low sound, as pigeons or doves.

Thomson.

Cooing

COO'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering a low sound, as a dove.

Cooing

COO'ING, noun Invitation, as the note of the dove.

Young.

Cook

COOK, verb transitive [Saxon gecocnian; Swedish koka; Danish koger; Dutch kooken; German kochen; Italian cuocere; Spanish cocer, and cocinar; Portugese cozinhar; Latin coquo.]

1. To prepare, as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, &c. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating.

2. To prepare for any purpose.

Shak.

3. To throw. [Obs. or local.]

Grose.

Cook

COOK, verb intransitive To make the noise of the cuckoo.

Cook

COOK, noun [Saxon coc; Dutch kok; German koch; Swedish kock; Danish kok; Italian cuoco; Irish coca; Latin coquus.]

One whose occupation is to prepare victuals for the table; a man or woman who dresses meat or vegetables for eating.

Cooked

COOK'ED, participle passive Prepared for the table.

Cookery

COOK'ERY, noun The art or the practice of dressing and preparing victuals for the table.

Cooking

COOK'ING, participle of the present tense Preparing victuals for the table.

Cookmaid

COOK'MAID, noun [cook and maid.] A female servant or maid who dresses provisions.

Cookroom

COOK'ROOM, noun [cook and room.] A room for cookery; a kitchen. On board of ships, a galley or caboose.

Cool

COOL, adjective [Saxon col; Dutch koel; German kÃƒ-¼hl; Swedish kall; Danish kold, cold; kiÃƒ-¶ler, to cool; kulde, chilliness; kuler, to blow strong.]

1. Moderately cold; being of a temperature between hot and cold; as cool air; cool water.

2. Not ardent or zealous; not angry; not fond; not excited by passion of any kind; indifferent; as a cool friend; a cool temper; a cool lover.

3. Not hasty; deliberate; calm; as a cool purpose.

4. Not retaining heat; light; as a cool dress.

Cool

COOL, noun A moderate state of cold; moderate temperature of the air between hot and cold; as the cool of the day; the cool of the morning or evening.

Cool

COOL, verb transitive [Saxon colian, acolian; Dutch koelen; German kÃƒ-¼hlen; Danish kiÃƒ-¶ler.]

1. To allay heat; to make cool or cold; to reduce the temperature of a substance; as, ice cools water.

Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue. Luke 16.

2. To moderate excitement of temper; to allay, as passion of any kind; to calm, as anger; to abate, as love; to moderate, as desire, zeal or ardor; to render indifferent.

Cool

COOL, verb intransitive To become less hot; to lose heat. Let tea or coffee cool to the temperature of the blood, before it is drank.

2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to become less ardent, angry, zealous, or affectionate; to become more moderate. Speak not in a passion; first let your temper cool.

Cool-Cup

COOL-CUP, noun A beverage that is cooling.

Cooled

COOL'ED, participle passive Made less hot, or less ardent.

Cooler

COOL'ER, noun That which cools; any substance which abates heat or excitement; as, acids are coolers to the body.

2. A vessel in which liquors or other things are cooled.

Cool-Headed

COOL-HEADED, adjective Having a temper not easily excited; free from passion.

Burke.

Cooling

COOL'ING, participle of the present tense Abating heat or excitement; making or becoming cool.

Coolish

COOL'ISH, adjective Somewhat cool.

Goldsmith.

Coolly

COOL'LY, adverb Without heat or sharp cold.

2. In a cool or indifferent manner; not cordially; without passion or ardor. He was coolly received at court.

3. Without haste; calmly; deliberately. The design was formed coolly, and executed with firmness.

Coolness

COOL'NESS, noun A moderate degree of cold; a temperature between cold and heat; as the coolness of the summer's evening.

2. A moderate degree, or a want of passion; want of ardor, or zeal; indifference; want of affection; as, they parted with coolness.

Coom

COOM, noun [French cambouis; Swedish kim, soot.] Soot that gathers over an oven's mouth; also, the matter that works out of the naves or boxes of carriage wheels. In Scotland, the useless dust which falls from coals.

Coomb

COOMB or COMB, noun [Qu. Latin cumulus, or Greek.]

A dry measure of four bushels, or half a quarter.

Coop

COOP, noun [Dutch kuip, a tub; kuiper, a cooper; German kufe; French cuve; Latin cupa, from bending, hollowness, or containing, holding. Qu. Greek. The Latin cupa seems to be both coop and cup. See Cup.]

1. A box of boards, grated or barred on one side, for keeping fowls in confinement. It is usually applied to long boxes for keeping poultry for fattening or conveyance on board of ships, as cage is used for a small box to keep singing birds in houses. I do not know that it is ever used in America for a pen to confine other animals.

2. A pen; an inclosed place for small animals.

Johnson.

3. A barrel or cask for the preservation of liquors.

Johnson.

4. A tumbrel or close cart.

Encyc. Jamieson's Dict.

[The three last senses, not American.]

Coop

COOP, verb transitive To put in a coop; to confine in a coop. Hence, to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; usually followed by up, to coop up; sometimes by in.

The Trojans cooped within their walls.

Dryden.

They are cooped in close by the laws of the country.

Locke.

Cooped

COOP'ED, participle passive Shut up in a coop; confined to narrow limits.

Cooper

COOP'ER, noun [from coop; Dutch kuiper; German kÃƒ-¼fer.]

One whose occupation is to make barrels, hogsheads, butts, tubs and casks of various kinds.

Cooperage

COOP'ERAGE, noun The price paid for cooper's work; also, a place where cooper's work is done.

Co-Operate

CO-OP'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin con and opero, to work; French cooperer; Italian cooperare; Spanish cooperar.]

1. To act or operate jointly with another or others, to the same end; to work or labor with mutual efforts to promote the same object. It has with before the agent, and to before the end. Russia cooperated with Great Britain, Austria and Prussia, to reduce the power of Buonaparte.

2. To act together; to concur in producing the same effect. Natural and moral events cooperate in illustrating the wisdom of the Creator.

Co-Operating

CO-OP'ERATING, participle of the present tense Acting or operating together.

Co-Operation

CO-OPERA'TION, noun The act of working, or operating together, to one end; joint operation; concurrent effort or labor; as the cooperation of the combined powers; the cooperation of the understanding and the will.

Co-Operative

CO-OP'ERATIVE, adjective Operating jointly to the same end.

Co-Operator

CO-OP'ERATOR, noun One who endeavors jointly with others to promote the same end.

Co-Optate

CO-OP'TATE, verb transitive [Latin coopto.] To choose, or choose with another. [Not used.]

Co-Optation

CO-OPTA'TION, noun Adoption; assumption.

Howell.

Co-Ordinate

CO-OR'DINATE, adjective [Latin con and ordinatus, from ordino, to regulate. See Order.]

Being of equal order, or of the same rank or degree; not subordinate; as, two courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction.

Co-Ordinately

CO-OR'DINATELY, adverb In the same order or rank; in equal degree; without subordination.

Co-Ordinateness

CO-OR'DINATENESS, noun The state of being coordinate; equality of rank and authority.

Co-Ordination

CO-ORDINA'TION, noun The state of holding equal rank, or of standing in the same relation to something higher.

In the high court of Parliament there is a rare coordination of power.

Howell.

Coot

COOT, noun [Dutch koet; Welsh cwtiar, from cwta, short, bob-tailed.]

A fowl of the genus Fulica, frequenting lakes and other still waters. The common coot has a bald forehead, a black body, and lobated toes, and is about fifteen inches in length. It makes its nest among rushes, with grass and reeds, floating on the water.

Cop

COP, noun [Saxon cop, or copp; Welsh cop, cob; Dutch kop; German kopf; French coupeau; Greek.]

The head or top of a thing, as in cob-castle for cop-castle, a castle on a hill; a tuft on the head of birds. This word is little used in America, unless cob, the spike of maize, may be the same word.

Chaucer.

Copaiba

COP`AIBA, noun [Spanish Portugese] Balsam of copaiba or capivi, is a liquid resinous juice, flowing from incisions made in the stem of a tree called Copaifera officinalis, growing in Spanish America, in the province of Antiochia. This juice is clear, transparent, of a whitish or pale yellowish color, an agreeable smell, and a bitterish pungent taste. It is of the consistence of oil, or a little thicker. As a medicine, it is corroborating and detergent.

Encyc.

Copal

CO'PAL, noun [Mexican copalli, a generic name of resins. Clavigero.]

The concrete juice of a tree growing in Mexico or New Spain, hard, shining, transparent, citron-colored, and odoriferous. It is not strictly a gum nor a resin, as it has not the solubility in water common to gums, nor that in spirit of wine common to resins. In these respects it rather resembles amber. It may be dissolved by digestion in lintseed oil, with a heat little less than sufficient to boil or decompose the oil. This solution, diluted with spirit of turpentine, forms a beautiful transparent varnish.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Coparcenary

COP`ARCENARY, noun [co or con and Norm. parcenier, parcenary. See Coparcener.]

Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of succession or joint succession to an estate of inheritance.

Coparcener

COP`ARCENER, noun [con and parcener, from part, French parti, Latin pars, or the verb partir, to divide.]

A coheir; one who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her ancestor with others.

All the coparceners together make but one heir, and have but one estate among them.

Blackstone.

Coparceners take by descent; joint-tenants, by purchase. Id.

Coparceny

COP`ARCENY, noun An equal share of an inheritance.

Copartment

COP`ARTMENT, noun The same as compartment. [Not in use.]

Warton.

Copartner

COP`ARTNER, noun [con and partner. See Coparcener.]

1. One who has a share in a common stock for transacting business, or who is jointly concerned with one or more persons, in carrying on trade or other business; a partner; an associate, particularly in trade or manufactures.

2. A sharer; a partaker; as, copartners of our loss.

Milton.

Copartnership

COP`ARTNERSHIP, noun Joint concern in business; a state of having a joint share in a common stock, or a joint interest and concern in business, particularly in trade and manufactures.

2. The persons who have a joint concern.

Copatan

CO'PATAN, noun [See Cop.] High raised; pointed. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Cope

COPE, noun [Welsh cob; Saxon coeppe; Dutch kap; Danish kappe, kaabe; Swedish kappa or kÃƒ-¥pa; French chape, whence chapeau, a hat; Spanish capa; Italian cappa; Portugese capa.]

1. A cover for the head.

2. A sacerdotal ornament or vestment worn in sacred ministrations. An ornament worn by chanters and subchanters, when they officiate in solemnity. It reaches from the shoulders to the feet.

3. Any thing spread or extended over the head; the arch or concave of the sky; the roof or covering of a house; the arch over a door, &c.

4. An ancient tribute due to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in some part of Derbyshire.

Encyc.

Cope

COPE, verb transitive To cover as with a cope.

Addison.

2. To pare the beak or talons of a hawk.

Bailey.

4. To embrace. Obs.

Shak.

Cope

COPE, verb intransitive [Danish kiv, contention; kives, to strive; kappes, to strive, to equal, to envy; Swedish kif, strife; kifwa, to contend or quarrel; k?ppas, to strive, to emulate;

Arabic kafaa, to turn back, to drive away, to thrust, to oppose, to equal; kafai, to be sufficient, to be equal, to be like, to be a substitute. Class Gb. No. 53. 55.]

1. To strive or contend on equal terms, or with equal strength; to equal in combat; to match; to oppose with success.

Their Generals have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens.

Addison.

Till Luther rose, no power could cope with the pope.

Dutch A. Clark.

He was too open and direct in his conduct, and possessed too little managementÃ‚--to cope with so cool and skilful an adversary.

Wirt.

2. To contend; to strive or struggle; to combat.

Host cop'd with host, dire was the din of war.

Philips.

3. To encounter; to interchange kindness or sentiments.

Shak.

4. To make return; to reward. Obs.

Shak.

5. To exchange, or barter. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Copeman

CO'PEMAN, noun A chapman. [Not used.]

Shak.

Copernican

COPER'NICAN, adjective Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth, who taught the world the solar system now received, called the Copernican system.

Copesmate

CO'PESMATE, noun [cope and mate.] A companion or friend. Obs.

Hubberd.

Copied

COP'IED, participle passive [See Copy.] Taken off; written or transcribed from an original or form; imitated.

Copier

COP'IER, or COP'YIST, noun One who copies; one who writes or transcribes from an original or form; a transcriber; an imitator; also, a plagiary.

Addison. Dryden.

Coping

CO'PING, noun [See Cope, noun] The top or cover of a wall, made sloping to carry off the water. 1 Kings 7:9. A coping over, is a projecting work beveling on its under side.

Copious

CO'PIOUS, adjective [French copieux; Italian copioso; Spanish id.; Latin copiosus, from copia, abundance, Irish coib. Qu. Chaldee to collect, gather, accumulate; Arabic jabau, id. Class Gb. No 2. 5. 55.]

1. Abundant; plentiful; in great quantities; full; ample; furnishing full supplies.

The tender heart is peace,

And kindly pours its copious treasures forth In various converse.

Thomson.

2. Furnishing abundant matter; not barren; rich in supplies.

The redemption of man is a copious subject of contemplation.

Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name Shall be the copious matter of my song.

Milton.

Copiously

CO'PIOUSLY, adverb Abundantly; plentifully; in large quantities.

2. Largely; fully; amply; diffusely.

The remains of antiquity have been copiously described by travelers.

Addison.

Copiousness

CO'PIOUSNESS, noun Abundance; plenty; great quantity; full supply.

2. Diffusiveness of style or manner of treating a subject; as the copiousness of Homer.

Dryden.

Copist

CO'PIST, noun A copier; an ill formed word.

Copland

COP'LAND, noun A piece of ground terminating in a cop or acute angle. [Not used in America.]

Dict.

Co-Plant

CO-PLANT', verb transitive To plant together. [Not in use.]

Howel.

Co-Portion

CO-PORTION, noun Equal share. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Copped

COP'PED, or COP'PLED, adjective [See Cop.] Rising to a point, or head.

Copped like a sugar loaf.

Wiseman.

Coppel

COP'PEL, [See Cupel.]

Copper

COP'PER, noun [Dutch koper; German kupfer; Swedish koppar; Irish copar; Cornish cober; Latin cuprum; French cuivre; Spanish cobre; Portugese id.; Armoric cuevr, coevr; supposed to be so called from Cyprus, an isle in the Mediterranean. This opinion is probable, as the Greeks called it, Cyprian brass, brass of Cyprus. In this case, copper was originally an adjective.]

A metal, of a pale red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, silver and platina, it is the most ductile and malleable of the metals, and it is more elastic than any metal, except steel, and the most sonorous of all the metals. It is found native in lamins or fibers, in a gangue almost always quartzous; it is also found crystalized, and in grains or superficial lamins on stones or iron. It is not altered by water, but is tarnished by exposure to the air, and is at last covered with a green carbonated oxyd. Copper in sheets is much used for covering the bottoms of ships, for boilers and other utensils: mixed with tin and zink, it is used in enamel-painting, dyeing, &c.: mixed with tin, it forms bell-metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with zink, it forms brass, pinchbeck, &c. When taken into the body it operates as a violent emetic, and all its preparations are violent poisons.

Fourcroy. Encyc. Hooper.

Copper

COP'PER, adjective Consisting of copper.

Cleaveland.

Copper

COP'PER, noun A vessel made of copper, particularly a large boiler.

2. Formerly, a small copper coin.

My friends filled my pocket with coppers.

Franklin.

Copper

COP'PER, verb transitive To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship.

Copperas

COP'PERAS, noun [French couperose; Dutch koperrood, that is, red copper, and koperroest is copper rust, verdigris; Armoric couperosa, or couperos.]

Sulphate of iron, or green vitriol; a salt of a peculiar astringent taste, and of various colors, green, gray, yellowish, or whitish, but more usually green. It is much used in dyeing black and in making ink, and in medicine, as a tonic. The copperas of commerce is usually made by the decomposition of iron pyrites. The term copperas was formerly synonymous with vitriol, and included the green, blue and white vitriols, or the sulphates of iron, copper and zink.

Cleaveland. Fourcroy.

Copper-Bottomed

COP'PER-BOTTOMED, adjective Having a bottom sheathed with copper.

Coppered

COP'PERED, participle passive Covered with sheets of copper; sheathed.

Copper-Fastened

COP'PER-FASTENED, adjective Fastened with copper bolts.

Copperish

COP'PERISH, adjective Containing copper; like copper or partaking of it.

Copper-Nose

COP'PER-NOSE, noun A red nose.

Shak.

Copper-Plate

COP'PER-PLATE, noun A plate of copper on which concave lines are engraved or corroded, according to some delineated figure or design. This plate, when charged with any colored fluid, imparts an impression of the figure or design to paper or parchment.

Encyc.

Copper-Smith

COP'PER-SMITH, noun One whose occupation is to manufacture copper utensils.

Copper-Work

COP'PER-WORK, noun A place where copper is wrought or manufactured.

Woodward.

Copper-Worm

COP'PER-WORM, noun A little worm in ships; a worm that frets garments; a worm that breeds in one's hand.

Ainsworth.

Coppery

COP'PERY, adjective Mixed with copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper in taste or smell.

Woodward.

Coppice

COP'PICE, or COPSE, noun [Norm. coupiz, from couper, to cut, Greek.]

A wood of small growth, or consisting of underwood or brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel.

The rate of coppice lands will fall on the discovery of coal-mines.

Locke.

Coppled

COP'PLED, adjective [from cop.] Rising to a point; conical.

Woodward.

Copple-Dust

COP'PLE-DUST, noun Powder used in purifying metals.

Copple-Stones

COP'PLE-STONES, noun Lumps and fragments of stone broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being bowled and tumbled to and again by the action of water.

Johnson. Woodward.

In New England, we pronounce this word cobble, cobble-stones, and if the word is a diminutive of cob, cop, a head, or cub, a heap, we follow the Welsh cob, as the English do the same word, cop, in the Saxon dialect. We apply the word to small round stones, from the size of an inch or two, to five or six inches or more, in diameter, wherever they may be found.

Copse

COPSE, noun [See Coppice.]

Copse

COPSE, verb transitive To preserve underwoods.

Swift.

Copsy

COP'SY, adjective Having copses.

Dyer.

Coptic

COP'TIC, adjective Pertaining to the descendants of the ancient Egyptians, called Copts, or Cophti, as distinct from the Arabians and other inhabitants of modern Egypt. The name is supposed to be taken from Coptos, the metropolis of the Thebaid; as Egypt, A, is probably from that name; Sanscrit, agupta, inclosed, fortified. So Misraim and Mazor are from to inclose, to bind, to fortify. Whatever may be the origin of Copt, the adjective Coptic now refers to the people called Copts, who are christians, and to their language. Hence,

Coptic

COP'TIC, noun The language of the Copts. [See Class Gb. No. 8. 14.]

Copula

COP'ULA, noun [Latin See Copulation and Couple.] In logic, the word which unites the subject and predicate of a proposition. Religion is indispensable to happiness. Here is is the coupla joining religion, the subject, with indispensable to happiness, the predicate.

Copulate

COP'ULATE, adjective Joined. [Little used.]

Copulate

COP'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin copulo, to couple; Spanish copular; Italian copulare; French coupler. See Couple.]

To unite; to join in pairs. [Little used.]

Copulate

COP'ULATE, verb intransitive To unite in sexual embrace; applied to animals in general.

Copulation

COPULA'TION, noun [Latin copulatio.] The act of coupling; the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation; coition.

Copulative

COP'ULATIVE, adjective That unites or couples. In grammar, the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects or predicates, in an affirmative or negative proposition; as, riches and honors are temptations to pride; the Romans conquered Spain and Gaul and Britain; neither wealth nor honors will purchase immortal happiness.

Copulative

COP'ULATIVE, noun A copulative conjunction.

2. Connection. [Not in use.]

Copy

COP'Y, noun [French copie; Armoric copy; Italian copia; Spanish and Portugese copia; Irish coib, coibeadh. This word is from the root of cope, in the sense of likeness, resemblance, Arabic to be like; or it is from doubling, and the root of cuff, Arabic. Class Gb. No. 50. See Cope and Cuff.]

Literally, a likeness, or resemblance of any kind. Hence,

1. A writing like another writing; a transcript from an original; or a book printed according to the original; hence, any single book, or set of books, containing a composition resembling the original work; as the copy of a deed, or of a bond; a copy of Addison's works; a copy of the laws; a copy of the scriptures.

2. The form of a picture or statue according to the original; the imitation or likeness of any figure, draught, or almost any object.

3. An original work; the autograph; the archetype. Hence, that which is to be imitated in writing or printing. Let the child write according to the copy. The copy is in the hands of the printer. Hence, a pattern or example for imitation. His virtues are an excellent copy for imitation.

4. Abundance. [Latin copia.] Obs.

Copy

COP'Y, verb transitive To write, print or engrave, according to an original; to form a like work or composition by writing, printing or engraving; to transcribe; often followed by out, but the use is not elegant.

The men of Hezekiah copied certain proverbs of Solomon.

2. To paint or draw according to an original.

3. To form according to a model, as in architecture.

4. To imitate or attempt to resemble; to follow an original or pattern, in manners or course of life. Copy the Savior in his humility and obedience.

Copy

COP'Y, verb intransitive To imitate or endeavor to be like; to do any thing in imitation of something else. A painter copies from the life. An obedient child copies after his parent.

They never fail, when they copy, to follow the bad as well as the good.

Dryden.

Copybook

COP'YBOOK, noun A book in which copies are written or printed for learners to imitate.

Copyed

COP'YED, participle passive Transcribed; imitated; usually written copied.

Copyer

COP'YER, noun One who copies or transcribes; usually written copier.

Copyhold

COP'YHOLD, noun In England, a tenure of estate by copy of court roll; or a tenure for which the tenant hath nothing to show, except the rolls made by the steward of the lord's court.

Blackstone.

Copyholder

COP'YHOLDER, noun One who is possessed of land in copyhold.

Copyist

COP'YIST, noun A copier; a transcriber.

Copyright

COP'YRIGHT, noun The sole right which an author has in his own original literary compositions; the exclusive right of an author to print, publish and vend his own literary works, for his own benefit; the like right in the hands of an assignee.

Coquallin

COQUAL'LIN, noun A small quadruped of the squirrel kind, but incapable of climbing trees.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Coquelicot

CO'QUELICOT, or CO'QUELICO, noun [French] Wild poppy; corn rose; hence, the color of wild poppy.

Coquet

COQUET', or COQUETTE, noun [French coquet, a beau, a general lover, a cock-boat; coquette, a jilt; from the Welsh or Celtic coegen, a vain saucy wench, a coquet, from coeg, vain; Spanish coqueta; Italian civetta, an owl; civettare, to play the wag, to trifle, to coquet; civetteria, coquetry; civettino, a vain young fellow.]

A vain, airy, trifling girl, who endeavors to attract admiration and advances in love, from a desire to gratify vanity, and then rejects her lover; a jilt.

The light coquettes in sylphs aloft repair, And sport and flutter in the fields of air.

Pope.

NOTE. In French, coquet is masculine and coquette feminine: but as our language has no such termination for gender, it may be better to write coquet for both sexes, and for distinction prefix male to the word when applied to a man.

Coquet

COQUET', verb transitive To attempt to attract notice, admiration or love, from vanity; to entertain with compliments and amorous tattle; to treat with an appearance of amorous tenderness.

You are coquetting a maid of honor.

Swift.

Coquet

COQUET', verb intransitive To trifle in love; to act the lover from vanity; to endeavor to gain admirers.

Coquetish

COQUET'ISH, adjective Practicing coquetry.

Coquetry

CO'QUETRY, noun [French coquetterie.] Attempts to attract admiration, notice or love, from vanity; affectation of amorous advances; trifling in love.

Addison.

Coracle

COR'ACLE, noun [Welsh cwrwgle.] A boat used in Wales by fishermen, made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oil-cloth.

Johnson.

Coracoid

COR'ACOID, noun [Greek, a crow, and, form.]

A small sharp process of the scapula, shaped like a crow's beak.

Hopper.

Coracoid

COR'ACOID, adjective Shaped like a beak.

Buckland.

Coral

COR'AL, noun [Latin corallium; Greek; French corail, or coral; Italian corallo; Spanish coral; Dutch koraal; German koralle; Danish koral.]

1. In zoology, a genus belonging to the order of vermes zoophyta. The trunk is radicated, jointed and calcarious. The species are distinguished by the form of their branches, and are found in the ocean adhering to stones, bones, shells, &c. Coral was formerly supposed to be a vegetable substance, but is now known to be composed of a congeries of animals. Coral is red, white and black. It is properly the shells of marine animals of the polype kind, consisting of calcarious earth combined with gelatine and other animal matter. In the South Sea, the isles are mostly coral rocks covered with earth.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Corals seem to consist of carbonate of lime and animal matter, in equal proportions.

Ure.

2. A piece of coral worn by children about their necks.

Coral

COR'AL, adjective Made of coral; resembling coral.

Coral-Tree

COR'AL-TREE, noun A genus of plants, Erythrina, of several species, natives of Africa and America. They are all shrubby flowering plants, adorned chiefly with trifoliate or three-lobed leaves, and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous flowers.

Coral-Wort

COR'AL-WORT, noun A genus of plants, Dentaria, called also tooth-wort or tooth-violet.

Fam. of Plants.

Corallaceous

CORALLA'CEOUS, adjective Like coral, of partaking of its qualities.

Coralliform

COR'ALLIFORM, adjective [coral and form.] Resembling coral; forked and crooked.

Kirwan.

Coralline

COR'ALLINE, adjective Consisting of coral; like coral; containing coral.

Coralline

COR'ALLINE, noun A submarine plant-like body, consisting of many slender, jointed branches, resembling some species of moss; or animals growing in the form of plants, having their stems fixed to other bodies. These stems are composed of capillary tubes, which pass through a calcarious crust and open on the surface. In the Linnean system, corallines are classed with the zoophytes. They have been distributed by Ellis into vesiculated, furnished with small bodies like bladders; tubular, composed of simple tubes; celliferous, which, when magnified, appear to be fine thin cells, the habitations of small animals; and articulated, consisting of short pieces of stony or cretaceous brittle matter, covered with pores or cells, joined by a tough, membranous, flexible substance, composed of many small tubes. But in this arrangement of Ellis, the term coralline is synonymous with the more ancient term lithophyta, including all the polypebearing animals, and nearly coinciding with the zoophyta of Linne, and the polypiers of the French naturalists.

Encyc. Cyc.

Corallinite

COR'ALLINITE, noun A fossil polypier or coralline.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Corallite

COR'ALLITE, noun A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of coral; or a fossil polypier, larger than a corallinite.

Kirwan. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Coralloid

COR'ALLOID, or CORALLOID'AL, adjective [coral, and, form.]

Having the form of coral; branching like coral.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Coralloid

COR'ALLOID, noun Eschara or hornwrack, a species of coralline, resembling woven cloth in texture, consisting of arrangements of very small cells. One species is called narrow-leaved hornwrack; another, the broad-leaved hornwrack. This name is given also to the keratophyta, horn-plant, or sea-shrub, a species of Gorgonia.

Encyc.

Corant

CORANT', noun [French courant, running; courir, to run, Latin curro.]

A lofty sprightly dance.

Johnson. Temple.

Corb

CORB, noun [Latin corbis. See the next word.]

1. A basket used in coaleries.

2. An ornament in a building.

Spenser.

Corban

CORB'AN, noun [Latin corbis; Dutch korf; German korb; Swedish korg; Danish kurv; French corbeille; Ethiopic karbo, a wicker basket; Russian korban, a chuch box or chest, a treasury. But in Ethiopic, korban is an oblation, that which is offered to God, a gift, a sacrifice, coinciding with the Hebrew, from to approach, to cause to approach, to bring or offer.]

1. In Jewish antiquity, an offering which had life; an animal offered to God; in opposition to the mincha, which was an offering without life.

It is a gift, corban, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; that is, I have devoted that to God which you ask of me, and it is no longer mine to give.

Encyc.

2. An alms-basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity; a gift; an alms; a treasury of the church, where offerings are deposited.

Calmet.

3. Among Mohammedans, a ceremony performed at the foot of mount Arrarat in Arabia, near Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and distributing them among the poor.

Encyc.

Corbe

CORBE, adjective [French courbe.] Crooked. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Corbeil

CORB'EIL, noun [French corbeille; Italian corbello. See Corban.]

In fortification, a little basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a parapet, to shelter men from the fire of besiegers.

Johnson.

Corbel

CORB'EL, noun [See the preceding words.]

1. In architecture, the representation of a basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides.

2. The vase or tambour of the Corinthian column; so called from its resemblance to a basket.

Encyc.

Corbel

CORB'EL, noun A short piece of timber in a wall, jutting six or eight inches, as occasion requires, in the manner of a shoulder-piece; sometimes placed for strength under the semigirder of a platform. The under part is sometimes cut into the form of a boultin; sometimes of an ogee, or of a face, &c.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. A niche or hollow left in walls for images, figures or statutes.

Chambers.

Corby

COR'BY, noun A raven. [Not in use.]

Corcelet

CORCELET, or CORSELET, n. cors'let. [French corselet, from corps, Latin corpus, body.]

In natural history, that part of winged insects, which answers to the breast of other animals.

Encyc.

Corcule

CORC'ULE, or CORC'LE, noun [Latin corculum, but in a different sense. It is a diminutive from cor, the heart.]

In botany, the heart of the seed, or rudiment of a future plant, attached to and involved in the cotyledons. It consists of the plume or ascending part, and the rostel, or radicle, the simple descending part.

Martyn.

Cord

CORD, noun [Welsh cord; French corde; Italian corda; Spanish cuerda; Dutch koord; Latin chorda; Greek. According to the Welsh, this word signifies a twist, from cor, the root of chorus.]

1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted together. Rahab let down the spies by a cord through the window. Joshua 2.

2. A quantity of wood, or other material, originally measured with a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic feet; or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet broad.

3. In scripture, the cords of the wicked are the snares with which they catch the unwary. Psalm 129.

The cords of sin are bad habits, or the consequences of sin. Proverbs 5.

The cords of a man are the fair, gentle or natural means of alluring men to obedience. Hosea 11.

The cords of vanity are worldly vanities and pleasures, profit or preferment; or vain and deceitful arguments and pretenses, which draw men to sin. Isaiah 5.

To stretch a line or cord about a city, is to level it, or utterly to destroy it. Lamentations 2.

The cords of a tent denote stability. To loosen or break the cords, is to weaken or destroy; to lengthen the cords, is to enlarge. Job 30. Isaiah 54. Jeremiah 10.

Cord

CORD, verb transitive To bind with a cord or rope; to fasten with cords.

2. To pile wood or other material for measurement and sale by the cord.

Cordmaker

CORD'MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make ropes; but in America, called rope-maker.

Cordwood

CORD'WOOD, noun Wood cut and piled for sale by the cord, in distinction from long wood; properly, wood cut to the length of four feet; but in this respect, the practice is not uniform. In Scotland, cord-wood is wood conveyed to market on board of vessels, in opposition to that which is floated.

Encyc.

Cordage

CORD'AGE, noun [Spanish cordage; French id.; from cord.]

All sorts of cords or ropes, used in the running rigging of a ship, or kept in reserve to supply the place of that which may be rendered unserviceable. In a more general sense, the word includes all ropes and lines used on board of ships.

Cordate

CORD'ATE, or CORD'ATED, adjective [Latin cordatus, with a different signification, from cor, the heart.]

Having the form of a heart; heart-shaped; a term used by naturalists; as a cordate leaf in botany, resembling the longitudinal section of the heart. Hence, cordateoblong, heart-shaped, gradually tapering towards each extremity, like the head of a lance; cordate-sagittate, heart-shaped, but resembling the head of an arrow.

Martyn.

Cordately

CORD'ATELY, adverb In a cordate form.

Corded

CORD'ED, participle passive Bound or fastened with cords.

2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord.

3. Made of cords; furnished with cords.

Shak.

4. In heraldry, a cross corded is one wound with cords, or made of two pieces of wood.

Encyc.

Cordelier

CORDELIE'R, noun [French from corde, a girdle or cord worn by the order.]

A Franciscan friar; one of the order of religious founded by St. Francis; a gray friar. The cordeliers wear a thick gray cloth, a little cowl, a chaperon, and a cloke, with a girdle of rope or cord, tied with three knots.

Encyc.

Cordial

CORD'IAL, adjective [French and Spanish cordial; Italian cordiale; from Latin cor, the heart.]

1. Proceeding from the heart; hearty; sincere; not hypocritical; warm; affectionate.

With looks of cordial love.

Milton.

We give our friends a cordial reception.

2. Reviving the spirits; cheering; invigorating; giving strength or spirits; as cordial waters.

Wiseman.

Cordial

CORD'IAL, noun In medicine, that which suddenly excites the system, and increases the action of the heart or circulation when languid; any medicine which increases strength, raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness to a person when weak and depressed.

2. Any thing that comforts, gladdens and exhilarates; as, good news is a cordial to the mind.

Cordiality

CORDIAL'ITY, noun Relation to the heart. [Not used.]

Brown.

2. Sincerity; freedom from hypocrisy; sincere affection and kindness.

Our friends were received with cordiality.

Cordially

CORD'IALLY, adverb Heartily; sincerely; without hypocrisy; with real affection.

The christian cordially receives the doctrines of grace.

Cordierite

CORD'IERITE, noun The mineral called otherwise iolite and dichroite.

Cordiform

CORD'IFORM, adjective [Latin cor, the heart, and forma, form.]

Heart-shaped; having the form of the human heart.

Cordiner

CORD'INER, noun [Not used. See Cordwainer.]

Cordon

CORD'ON, noun [French Spanish cordon; Italian cordone; Portugese cordam. See Cord.]

1. In fortification, a row of stones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the parapet; or a row of stones between the wall of a fortress which lies aslope, and the parapet which is perpendicular; serving as an ornament, and used only in fortifications of stone-work.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. In military language, a line or series of military posts; as a cordon of troops.

Cordovan

CORD'OVAN, noun Spanish leather.

Corduroy

CORDUROY', noun A thick cotton stuffribbed.

Cordwain

CORD'WAIN, noun [Spanish cordoban; Portugese cordovam; French cordouan; from Cordova, or Cordoba, in Spain.]

Spanish leather; goat-skin tanned and dressed.

Spenser. Spanish Dict.

Cordwainer

CORD'WAINER, noun [from cordwain.] A shoemaker. This word was formerly written cordiners. It is evidently from the French cordouan, cordouannier; properly, a worker in cordwain, or cordovan leather.

Core

CORE, noun [French coeur; Norm. core; Spanish corazon; Portugese coraÃƒ-§am; Italian cuore; from Latin cor, the heart, Greek. See Class Greek]

1. The heart or inner part of a thing; particularly, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as the core of an apple or quince. It was formerly applied to place; as, in the core of a square.

Raleigh.

2. The inner part of an ulcer or boil.

Dryden.

3. A body. French corps. [Not used.]

Bacon.

4. A disorder of sheep, occasioned by worms in the liver.

Chambers.

Cored

CO'RED, adjective In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and prepared for drying.

Ash.

Co-Regent

CO-RE'GENT, noun A joint regent or ruler.

Wraxall.

Coriaceous

CORIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin coriaceus, from corium, leather.]

1. Consisting of leather, or resembling leather; tough; as coriaceous concretions.

Arbuthnot.

2. In botany, stiff, like leather or parchment; applied to a leaf, a calyx or capsule.

Martyn.

Coriander

CORIAN'DER, noun [Latin coriandrum; Greek,.]

A genus of plants of two species. The seeds of one species, the sativum, have a strong smell, and in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative.

Corindon

CORIN'DON, noun [See Corundum.]

Corinth

COR'INTH, noun A city of Greece. Hence,

2. A small fruit, now called currant, which see.

Philips. Broome.

Corinthiac

CORINTH'IAC, adjective Pertaining to Corinth.

D'Anville.

Corinthian

CORINTH'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Corinth, a celebrated city of Greece; as Corinthian column; Corinthian order; Corinthian brass. The Corinthian order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the orders, and enriched with a profusion of ornaments. The capital is usually adorned with olive leaves or acanthus.

Encyc.

Co-Rival

CO-RI'VAL, noun [con and rival; written improperly corrival.]

A rival, or fellow rival; a competitor.

Shak.

Corival

CORI'VAL, verb transitive To rival; to pretend to equal.

Shak.

Cork

CORK, noun [Dutch kurk; German kork; Swedish korck; Danish kork; Spanish corcho; Russian korka; French ecorce; Latin cortex, bark, rind, shell, crust.]

1. A glandiferous tree, a species of Quercus, growing in Spain and Portugal, having a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark.

2. The outer bark of the tree, or epidermis, of which stopples for bottles and casks are made. This outer bark is taken off, and a new epidermis is formed, which, in six or seven years, becomes fit for use. This bark is also burnt to make a kind of light black, called Spanish black.

3. A stopple for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork.

Cork

CORK, verb transitive To stop bottles or casks with corks; to confine or make fast with a cork.

Corking-Pin

CORK'ING-PIN, noun A pin of a large size.

Swift.

Cork-Screw

CORK'-SCREW, noun A screw to draw corks from bottles.

Corky

CORK'Y, adjective Consisting of cork; resembling cork; made of cork; tough.

Cormorant

COR'MORANT, noun [French cormoran; Spanish corvejon. Cormorant is supposed to be corrupted from corvus marinus, sea raven. The Welsh also call the fowl morvran, sea crow.]

1. The water raven, a large fowl of the pelican kind: the head and neck are black; the coverts of the wings, the scapulars and the back are of a deep green, edged with black and glossed with blue. The base of the lower mandible is covered with a naked yellow skin, which extends under the chin and forms a sort of pouch. This fowl occupies the cliffs by the sea, feeds on fish, and is extremely voracious.

Encyc.

2. A glutton.

Corn

CORN, noun [Saxon corn; Dutch koorn; German korn; Danish Swedish korn. Not improbably this word is the Latin granum. Such transpositions are not uncommon. The word signifies not only the hard seeds of certain plants, but hail and shot, Latin grando, Irish gran, grain, hail, shot. Johnson quotes an old Runic rhyme.

Hagul er kaldstur korna.

Hail is the coldest corn. See Grain.]

1. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley and maiz; a grain. In this sense, it has a plural; as, three barley eorns make an inch. It is generally applied to edible seeds, which, when ripe, are hard.

2. The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quantity; as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word comprehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the food of men and horses. In Great Britain, corn is generally applied to wheat, rye, oats and barley. In the United States, it has the same general sense, but by custom, it is appropriated to maiz. We are accustomed to say, the crop of wheat is good, but the corn is bad; it is a good year for wheat and rye, but bad for corn. In this sense, corn has no plural.

3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in the field; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. We say, a field of corn, a sheaf or a shock of corn, a load of corn. The plants or stalks are included in the term corn, until the seed is separated from the ears.

4. In surgery, a hard excrescence, or induration of the skin, on the toes or some part of the feet, occasioned by the pressure of the shoes; so called from its hardness and resemblance to a corn.

5. A small hard particle. [See Grain.]

Corn

CORN, verb transitive To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt; as, to corn beef.

2. To granulate; to form into small grains.

Cornbind

CORN'BIND, noun Climbing buck-wheat. [Local.]

Grose.

Cornblade

CORN'BLADE, The leaf of the maiz. Cornblades are collected and preserved as fodder, in some of the southern states of America.

Corn-Chandler

CORN'-CHANDLER, noun [Chandler, a dealer in candles, is supposed to be from the French chandelier; but what has this word to do with corn and ship, in corn-chandler and ship-chandler? In these words, chandler seems to be a corruption of the Teutonic handler, a trader; Swedish kornhandlare, a corn-dealer; Danish handler; German id.; Dutch handelaar.] A dealer in corn.

Cornclad

CORN'CLAD, adjective Covered with growing corn.

Barlow.

Corncrake

CORN'CRAKE, noun The crake or land rail; the corn-crow, for krÃƒ-¥ka, in Swedish, and krage, in Danish, is our word crow, and the name is probably taken from its cry. The Dutch kraai, a crow, is contracted from kraag, and kraaijen is to crow, to vaunt, to tell tales; German krÃƒ-¤he, krÃƒ-¤hen.

Corn-Cutter

CORN'-CUTTER, noun [corn and cut.] One who cuts corns, or indurations of the skin.

Cornfield

CORN'FIELD, noun A field where corn is growing.

Cornflag

CORN'FLAG, noun A genus of plants, the Gladiolus, of several species, bearing red or white flowers.

Cornfloor

CORN'FLOOR, noun A floor for corn, or for thrashing corn. Isaiah 21. Hosea 9.

Cornflower

CORN'FLOWER, noun A flower or plant growing among corn; as the blue-bottle, wild poppy, &c.

Bacon.

Cornheap

CORN'HEAP, noun A heap of corn.

Hall.

Cornland

CORN'LAND, noun Land appropriated or suitable to the production of corn, or grain.

Cornloft

CORN'LOFT, noun An apartment for corn; a granary.

Sherwood.

Corn-Marygold

CORN-MARYGOLD, noun A genus of plants, the Chrysanthemum.

Cornmaster

CORN'MASTER, noun One who cultivates corn for sale. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Cornmeter

CORN'METER, noun One who measures corn.

Cornmill

CORN'MILL, noun A mill for grinding corn, more generally called a grist-mill.

Corn-Parsley

CORN'-PARSLEY, noun A genus of plants, the Sison.

Cornpipe

CORN'PIPE, noun A pipe made by slitting the joint of a green stalk of corn.

Johnson.

Corn-Rocket

CORN'-ROCKET, noun A genus of plants, the Bunias.

Cornrose

CORN'ROSE, noun A species of poppy, or Papaver.

Corn-Sallad

CORN'-SALLAD, noun A plant, a species of Valeriana, whose top leaves are said to be a good sallad.

Cornstalk

CORN'STALK, noun A stalk of corn, particularly a stalk of the maiz.

America.

Corn-Violet

CORN'-VIOLET, noun A species of Campanula.

Tate.

Cornage

CORN'AGE, noun [from French corne, Latin cornu, a horn.]

An ancient tenure of lands, which obliged the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.

Blackstone.

Cornea

CORN'EA, noun [from Latin cornu, a horn.] The transparent membrane in the fore-part of the eye, through which the rays of light pass; situated in the sclerotica, and considered by some as a portion of it.

Cornel

CORN'EL, or CORN'EL-TREE, or CORNE'LIAN-TREE, noun [Latin cornus, from cornu, a horn, or its root, from the hardness of the wood; Spanish corno; Italian corniolo; French cornouiller.]

The cornelian cherry or dog-wood, a genus of plants of several species. The mascula, or cornelian cherry tree, has a stem of twenty feet high, branching and forming a large head, garnished with oblong leaves and small umbels of yellowish-green flowers, succeeded by small, red, acid, eatable, cherry-like fruit.

Encyc.

Cornelian

CORNE'LIAN. [See Carnelian.]

Cornemuse

CORN'EMUSE, or CORN'AMUTE, noun [French cornemuse; corne, a horn, and muse; Italian cornamusa.]

A kind of rustic flute.

Drayton.

Corneous

CORN'EOUS, adjective [Latin corneus, from cornu, a horn. See Horn.]

Horny; like horn; consisting of a horny substance, or substance resembling horn; hard.

Brown.

Corner

CORN'ER, noun [Welsh cornel, from corn, a point or projection, a horn; Cornish kornal; Armoric corn; Irish cearna; Swedish h?rn. See Horn and Grain. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic karan, to shoot.

1. The point where two converging lines meet; properly, the external point; an angle; as, we meet at the corner of the state-house, or at the corner of two streets.

2. The interior point where two lines meet; an angle.

3. The space between two converging lines or walls which meet in a point. Hence,

4. An inclosed place; a secret or retired place.

This thing was not done in a corner. Acts 26.

5. Indefinitely any part; a part. They searched every corner of the forest. They explored all corners of the country.

6. The end, extremity or limit; as the corners of the head or beard. Leviticus 21, 19.

Corner-teeth of a horse, the foreteeth between the middling teeth and the tushes, two above and two below, on each side of the jaw, which shoot when the horse is four years and a half old.

Farrier's Dict.

Cornered

CORN'ERED, adjective Having corners; having three or more angles.

Corner-Stone

CORN'ER-STONE, noun The stone which lies at the corner of two walls, and unites them; the principal stone, and especially the stone which forms the corner of the foundation of an edifice.

Who laid the corner-stone thereof? Job 38.

Christ himself being the chief corner-stone. Ephesians 2.

Corner-Wise

CORN'ER-WISE, adverb Diagonally; with the corner in front; not parallel.

Cornet

CORN'ET, noun [French cornet, cornette; Italian cornetta, cornetto; Spanish corneta; from Latin cornu, a horn. See Horn.]

1. An instrument of music, in the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing with the mouth. It was of a winding shape like a horn; used in armies and on occasions of joy.

David played before the Lord on cornets. 2 Samuel 6.

2. In modern usage, an officer of cavalry, who bears the ensign or colors of a troop. He is the third officer in the company.

Encyc.

3. A company of cavalry; a troop of horse. [Not used.]

Clarendon. Bacon.

4. The cornet of a horse [coronet] is the lowest part of his pastern, that runs round the coffin and is distinguished by the hair that joins and covers the upper part of the hoof.

Farrier's Dict.

5. A little cap of paper in which retailers inclose small wares.

6. A scarf anciently worn by doctors.

Dict.

7. A head dress.

Dict.

Cornetcy

CORN'ETCY, noun The commission or rank of a cornet.

Chesterfield. Stephens.

Cornetter

CORN'ETTER, or CORN'ETER, noun One who blows a cornet.

Hakewill.

Cornice

COR'NICE, noun [Italian cornice; French corniche; Spanish cornisa; from Latin coronis, Greek, a summit, a crown.]

1. In architecture, the uppermost member of the entablature of a column, or the highest projecture; that which crowns an order.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. A little projecture in joinery or masonry; as the cornice of a chimney.

Encyc.

Cornice-ring of a cannon, is the ring next from the muzzle-ring backward.

Encyc.

Cornicle

CORN'ICLE, noun [Latin corniculum, from cornu, a horn.] A little horn.

Brown.

Corniculate

CORNIC'ULATE, adjective [from Latin cornu, a horn.]

1. Horned; having horns.

More.

2. In botany, producing horned pods; bearing a little spur or horn.

Chambers.

Cornigerous

CORNIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin corniger; cornu, a horn, and gero, to bear.]

Horned; having horns; as cornigerous animals.

Brown.

Corning-House

CORN'ING-HOUSE, noun A house or place where powder is granulated.

Cornish

CORN'ISH, adjective Pertaining to Cornwall, in England; and as a noun, the language of Cornwall.

Cornist

CORN'IST, noun A performer on the cornet or horn.

Cornless

CORN'LESS, adjective Destitute of corn; as cornless dwelling places.

Tooke's Russia.

Cornucopia

CORNUCO'PIA, noun [Latin cornu, a horn, and copia, plenty.]

1. The horn of plenty, an emblem of abundance of fruits.

2. In architecture and sculpture, the figure of a horn, from which fruits and flowers are represented as proceeding.

Cornute

CORNU'TE, verb transitive [Latin cornutus, from cornu, a horn.] To bestow horns; to cuckold.

Burton.

Cornuted

CORNU'TED, participle passive or adjective Grafted with horns; horned; cuckolded.

2. In botany, horn-shaped.

Cornuto

CORNU'TO, noun [Italian] A man that wears the horns; a cuckold.

Cornutor

CORNU'TOR, noun A cuckold-maker.

Jordan.

Corny

CORN'Y, adjective [Latin cornu, a horn.] Horny; strong, stiff or hard like horn; resembling horn.

Milton.

Corny

CORN'Y, adjective [from corn.] Producing corn; containing corn.

Prior. Dryden.

Corody

COR'ODY, or COR'RODY, noun [Italian corredo, provision; corredare, to furnish.] An allowance of meat, drink or clothing, due to the king from an abbey or other religious house, for the sustenance of such one of his servants, as he thinks good to bestow on it. An allowance for the maintenance of any of the king's servants living in an abbey.

Cowel.

Corodies are a right of sustenance, or to receive certain allotments of victuals and provision for one's maintenance. In lieu of which, a pension or sum of money is sometimes substituted.

Blackstone.

The king is entitled to a corody out of every bishopric, that is, to send one of his chaplains to be maintained by the bishop, or to have a pension allowed, till the bishop promotes him to a benefice. [This has fallen into disuse.]

Blackstone.

According to the Italian, the latter word is the correct orthography.

Corol

COR'OL, or COROL'LA, noun [Latin corolla, a little crown.] In botany, the inner covering of a flower. The corol surrounds the parts of fructification, and is composed of one or more flower leaves, called petals. It is distinguished from the perianth, by the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its colors; but there are many exceptions. It is sometimes inaccurately called blossom and flower.

Martyn. Encyc. Darwin.

Corollaceous

COROLLA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to a corol; inclosing and protecting like a wreath.

A corrollaceous covering.

Lee.

Corollary

COR'OLLARY, noun [Latin corollarium, a coronet, from corolla, a crown. Finis coronat opus. Johnson. French corollaire.]

1. A conclusion or consequence drawn from premises, or from what is advanced or demonstrated. If it is demonstrated that a triangle which has equal sides, has also equal angles, it follows as a corollary that a triangle which has three equal sides, has its three angles equal.

Encyc.

A corollary is an inference from a preceding proposition.

J. Day.

2. A surplus.

Shak.

Corollet

COR'OLLET, or COR'OLLULE, noun One of the partial flowers which make a compound one; the floret in an aggregate flower.

Martyn. Encyc.

Corona

CORO'NA, noun [Latin a crown.] In architecture, a large flat member of a cornice, crowning the entablature, and the whole order; called by workmen the drip.

Chambers.

2. In anatomy, the upper surface of the molar teeth or grinders.

3. In botany, the circumference or margin of a radiated compound flower.

Encyc.

Also, the appendage to the top of seeds, which enables them to disperse.

Martyn.

4. In optics, a halo or luminous circle around the sun, moon or stars.

Encyc.

Coronal

COR'ONAL, adjective Belonging to the crown or top of the head; as the coronal suture.

Coronal

COR'ONAL, noun A crown; wreath; garland.

Spenser.

2. The first suture of the skull.

Encyc.

Coronary

COR'ONARY, adjective Relating to a crown; seated on the top of the head; or placed as a crown.

Brown.

Coronary vessels, in anatomy, certain vessels which furnish the substance of the heart with blood.

Encyc.

Coronary arteries, two arteries which spring from the aorta, before it leaves the pericardium, and supply the substance of the heart with blood.

Coxe. Encyc.

Coronary vein, a vein diffused over the exterior surface of the heart, receiving the blood from the heart.

Coxe. Encyc.

Stomachic coronary, a vein inserted into the trunk of the splenic vein, which, by uniting with the mesenteric, forms the venaporta.

Encyc.

Coronation

CORONA'TION, noun [from corona, a crown.] The act or solemnity of crowning a king or emperor; the act of investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty.

2. The pomp or assembly attending a coronation.

Pope.

Coronation-oath, the oath taken by a king at his coronation.

Coronel

COR'ONEL, n. kur'nel. [Spanish coronel; Portugese id.; French colonel; Italian colonnello. We follow the Spanish and Portugese orthography in our pronunciation.]

The officer who commands a regiment. Obs.

Spenser.

Coroner

COR'ONER, noun [Law Latin coronator, from corona, a crown.]

An officer whose office is concerned principally with pleas of the crown. One chief part of his duty is, when a person is slain or dies suddenly or in prison, to inquire into the manner of his death. This must be done by a jury, on sight of the body, and at the place where the death happened. In England, the coroner is to inquire also concerning shipwrecks, and certify whether wrecks or not, and who is in possession of the goods; also concerning treasure-trove. As a ministerial officer, the coroner is the sheriff's substitute; and when an exception can be taken to the sheriff, for suspicion of partiality, process is awarded to the coroner.

Blackstone.

In some of the States, in America, there is a coroner, but his principal or only duty is to inquire into the causes of untimely death. In Connecticut there is no such officer, the duty being performed by a constable or justice of the peace.

Coronet

COR'ONET, noun [from corona, a crown.] An inferior crown worn by noblemen. The coronet of a duke is adorned with strawberry leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls interposed; that of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that of a viscount is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has only four pearls.

Johnson.

2. In poetical language, an ornamental head dress.

Coronet of a horse. [See Cornet.]

Coroniform

COR'ONIFORM, adjective [Latin corona, a crown, and forma, form.] Having the form of a crown.

Coronoid

COR'ONOID, adjective [Greek, a crow, and, form.]

Noting the upper and anterior process of the end of the lower jaw, called the coronoid process.

Coxe.

Coronule

COR'ONULE, noun [from corona, a crown.] A coronet or little crown of a seed; the downy tuft. on seeds.

Martyn.

Corporal

COR'PORAL, noun [Italian caporale; French caporal; Spanish caporal; from Latin caput, head, or more directly from the Celtic root of caput, Spanish cabo, Italian capo, cape. Our orthography is a corruption.]

1. The lowest officer of a company of infantry, next below a sergeant. He has charge over one of the divisions, places and relieves sentinels, &c.

2. The corporal of a ship of war, is an officer under the master at arms, employed to teach the sailors the use of small arms; to attend at the gangways or entering ports, and see that no spirituous liquors are brought, except by permission; to extinguish fire and candles, &c.

Corporal

COR'PORAL, adjective [Latin corporalis, from corpus, body.]

1. Belonging or relating to the body; as corporal pain, opposed to mental.

2. Material; not spiritual. [See Corporeal.]

Shak.

Corporal

COR'PORAL, or COR'PORALE, noun A fine linen cloth, used to cover the sacred elements in the eucharist or in which the sacrament is put.

Paley. Todd.

Corporal oath, a solemn oath, so called from the ancient usage of touching the corporale, or cloth that covered the consecrated elements.

Paley.

Corporality

CORPORAL'ITY, noun The state of being a body or embodied; opposed to spirituality.

If this light hath any corporality, it is most subtile and pure.

Raleigh.

Corporally

COR'PORALLY, adverb Bodily; in or with the body; as, to be corporally present.

Corporalship

COR'PORALSHIP, noun [from corporal.] A corporal's command in a Russian company, or a division of twenty-three men.

Each squadron consists of two companies, and each of these, of three corporalships or sixty nine men who come in the front.

Tooke.

Corporas

COR'PORAS, noun The old name of the corporal or communion cloth.

Corporate

COR'PORATE, adjective [Latin corporatus, from corporor, to be shaped into a body, from corpus, body.]

1. United in a body, or community, as a number of individuals, who are empowered to transact business as an individual; formed into a body; as a corporate assembly, or society; a corporate town.

Swift.

2. United; general; collectively one.

They answer in a corporate voice.

Shak.

Corporateness

COR'PORATENESS, noun The state of a corporate body.

Dict.

Corporation

CORPORA'TION, noun A body politic or corporate, formed and authorized by law to act as a single person; a society having the capacity of transacting business as an individual. Corporations are aggregate or sole. Corporations aggregate consist of two or more persons united in a society, which is preserved by a succession of members, either forever, or till the corporation is dissolved by the power that formed it, by the death of all its members, by surrender of its charter or franchises, or by forfeiture. Such corporations are the mayor and aldermen of cities, the head and fellows of a college, the dean and chapter of a cathedral church, the stockholders of a bank or insurance company, &c. A corporation sole consists of one person only and his successors, as a king or a bishop.

Blackstone.

Corporator

CORPORA'TOR, noun The member of a corporation.

Sergeant.

Corporature

COR'PORATURE, noun The state of being embodied. [Not in use.]

More.

Corporeal

CORPO'REAL, or CORPO'REOUS, adjective Having a body; consisting of a material body; material; opposed to spiritual or immaterial; as our corporeal frame; corporeal substance

Corporealist

CORPO'REALIST, noun One who denies the existence of spiritual substances.

Corporeally

CORPO'REALLY, adverb In body; in a bodily form or manner.

Richardson.

Corporeity

CORPORE'ITY, noun The state of having a body, or of being embodied; materiality.

The one attributed corporeity to God.

Stillingfleet.

Corporify

CORPO'RIFY, verb transitive To embody; to form into a body. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Corposant

COR'POSANT, noun [Spanish cuerpo santo, holy body.]

A name given by seamen to a luminous appearance often beheld, in dark tempestuous nights, about the decks and rigging of a ship, but particularly at the mastheads and yard-arms, supposed to be electrieal.

Mar. Dict.

Corps

CORPS, noun [French from Latin corpus, body. It is pronounced kore, and is an ill word in English.]

1. In military language, a body of troops; any division of an army; as a corps de reserve.

2. A body, in contempt, as used by Milton and Dryden, but probably pronounced in the English manner, as corpse.

3. A carcase; a dead body. [See Corpse.]

Shak.

4. In architecture, any part that projects beyond a wall, serving as the ground of some decoration.

Encyc.

Corpse

CORPSE, n. corps. [Latin corpus, a body; Irish corp; Welsh corv; Armoric corf; Italian corpo; Spanish cuerpo.] The dead body of a human being.

Addison.

Corpulence

COR'PULENCE, or COR'PULENCY, noun [Latin corpulentia, from corpus, body.]

1. Fleshiness; excessive fatness; a state of being loaded with flesh; as the body of a human being.

Arbuthnot.

2. Spissitude; grossness of matter; as corpulence of water. [Little used.]

Ray.

Corpulent

COR'PULENT, adjective Fleshy; having a great or excessive quantity of fat or flesh, in proportion to the frame of the body; as a corpulent child.

Corpus Christi. [Body of Christ.] A festival of the church of England, kept on the next Thursday after Trinity-Sunday, in honor of the Eucharist.

Encyc.

Corpuscle

COR'PUSCLE, noun [Latin corpusculum, dim. of corpus, body.]

A minute particle, or physical atom; corpuscles are the very small bodies which compose large bodies, not the elementary principles of matter, but such small particles simple or compound, as are not dissolved or dissipated by ordinary heat.

It will add much to our satisfaction, if those corpuscles can be discovered by microscopes.

Newton.

Corpuscular

CORPUS'CULAR, adjective Relating to corpuscles, or small particles, supposed to be the constituent materials of all large bodies. The corpuscular philosophy attempts to account for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, position, &c., of the minute particles of matter.

Encyc.

Corpuscularian

CORPUSCULA'RIAN, adjective Corpuscular, as above.

Corpuscularian

CORPUSCULA'RIAN, noun An advocate for the corpuscular philosophy.

Corradiation

CORRADIA'TION, noun [Latin con and radiatio. See Ray.] A conjunction of rays in one point.

Bacon.

Correct

CORRECT', adjective [Latin correctus, from corrigo; con and rego, to set right; rectus, right, straight. See Right.]

Literally, set right, or made straight. Hence, right; conformable to truth, rectitude or propriety, or conformable to a just standard; not faulty; free from error. A correct edition of a book is exactly according to the original copy. Correct manners correspond with the rules of morality and received notions of decorum. Correct principles coincide with the truth. Correct language is agreeable to established usage.

Correct

CORRECT', verb transitive [Latin correctus, corrigo; con and rego. See Right.]

1. To make right; to rectify; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety; as, to correct manners or principles. Hence,

2. To amend; to remove or retrench faults or errors; to set right; as, to correct a book; to correct a copy for the press; or in printing, to correct the press, or errors of the press.

3. To bring back or attempt to bring back to propriety in morals; to punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline; as, a child should be corrected for lying.

Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest. Proverbs 29.

4. To obviate or remove whatever is wrong or inconvenient; to reduce or change the qualities of any thing by mixture, or other application; to counteract whatever is injurious; as, to correct the acidity of the stomach by alkaline preparations; to correct the relaxing quality of water by boiling it with animal substances.

Arbuthnot.

Corrected

CORRECT'ED, participle passive Set right; freed from errors; amended; punished.

Correcting

CORRECT'ING, participle of the present tense Bringing to the standard of truth, justice or propriety; amending; chastising.

Correction

CORREC'TION, noun [Latin correctio.] The act of correcting; the act of bringing back, from error or deviation, to a just standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice or propriety; as the correction of opinions or manners.

All scripture is profitable for correction. 2 Timothy 3.

2. Retrenchment of faults or errors; amendment; as the correction of a book, or of the press.

3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong; as the corrections of a copy are numerous; set the corrections in the margin of a proof-sheet.

4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cure faults; punishment; discipline; chastisement; that which corrects.

Withhold not correction from the child. Proverbs 23.

5. In scriptural language, whatever tends to correct the moral conduct, and bring back from error or sin, as afflictions.

They have refused to receive correction Jeremiah 5.

My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord, nor be weary of his correction. Proverbs 3.

6. Critical notice; animadversion.

Brown.

7. Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; as the correction of acidity in the stomach.

House of correction, a house where disorderly persons are confined; a bridewell.

Correctional

CORREC'TIONAL, adjective Tending to or intended for correction.

Walsh.

Correctioner

CORREC'TIONER, noun One that has been in the house of correction. [Not used.]

Shak.

Corrective

CORRECT'IVE, adjective Having the power to correct; having the quality of removing or obviating what is wrong, or injurious; tending to rectify; as corrective penalties.

Mulberries are pectoral, corrective of bilious alkali.

Arbuthnot.

Corrective

CORRECT'IVE, noun That which has the power of correcting; that which has the quality of altering or obviating what is wrong, or injurious; as, alkalies are correctives of acids; penalties are correctives of immoral conduct.

2. Limitation; restriction. [Little used.]

Hale.

Correctly

CORRECT'LY, adverb In a correct manner; in conformity with truth, justice, rectitude, or propriety; according to a standard; agreeable to a copy or original; exactly; accurately; without fault, or error; as, to behave correctly; to write, speak or think correctly; to judge correctly.

Correctness

CORRECT'NESS, noun Conformity to truth, justice, or propriety; as the correctness of opinions, of judgment, or of manners.

2. Conformity to settled usages or rules; as correctness in writing or speaking.

3. Conformity to a copy or original; as the correctness of a book.

4. Conformity to established rules of taste or proportion; as the correctness of design in painting, sculpture or architecture.

Corrector

CORRECT'OR, noun One who corrects; one who amends faults, retrenches error, and renders conformable to truth or propriety, or to any standard; as a corrector of the press; a corrector of abuses.

2. One who punishes for correction; one who amends or reforms by chastisement, reproof or instruction.

3. That which corrects; that which abates or removes what is noxious or inconvenient; an ingredient in a composition which abates or counteracts the force of another; as, an alkali is a corrector of acids.

Turpentine is a corrector of quicksilver.

Quincy.

Corregidor

CORREG'IDOR, noun [Spanish] A Spanish magistrate.

Smollett.

Correlate

COR'RELATE, noun [Latin con and relatus. See Relate.]

One who stands in an opposite relation, as father and son.

South.

Correlation

CORRELA'TION, noun Reciprocal relation.

Paley.

Correlative

CORREL'ATIVE, adjective [Latin con and relativus. See Relate and Relative.]

Having a reciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a certain state depends on the existence of another; as father and son, husband and wife, are correlative terms. The term son is correlative to that of father.

Correlative

CORREL'ATIVE, noun That which is opposed to something else in a certain relation. The son is the correlative of his father. Darkness and light are correlatives. Rest is the correlative of motion.

Correlatively

CORREL'ATIVELY, adverb In a correlative relation.

Correlativeness

CORREL'ATIVENESS, noun The state of being correlative.

Correption

CORREP'TION, noun [Latin corripio.] Chiding; reproof; reprimand.

Hammond.

Correspond

CORRESPOND', verb intransitive [Italian corrispondere; French correspondre; Spanish corresponder; from Latin con and respondeo, to answer; re and spondeo, to promise. See Sponsor.]

1. To suit; to answer; to agree; to fit; to be congruous; to be adapted to. Levity of manners does not correspond with the dignity of the clerical character. The length of a room should correspond with the breadth. Actions should correspond with words.

2. To be equal; to be adequate or proportioned. Let the means of prosecuting a war correspond with the magnitude of the contest.

3. To communicate by letters sent and received; to hold intercourse with a person at a distance by sending and receiving letters. We delight to correspond with those we love and respect.

Correspondence

CORRESPOND'ENCE, or CORRESPOND'ENCY, noun Relation; fitness; congruity; mutual adaptation of one thing to another. There is no correspondence between a polite education and clownish manners.

2. Intercourse between persons at a distance, by means of letters sent and answers received. The ministers of the two courts have had a correspondence on the subject of commerce. Hence,

3. The letters which pass between correspondents. The correspondence of the ministers is published.

4. Friendly intercourse; reciprocal exchange of offices or civilities; connection.

Let military persons hold good correspondence with the other great men in the state.

Bacon.

Correspondent

CORRESPOND'ENT, adjective Suitable; fit; congruous; agreeable; answerable; adapted. Let behavior be correspondent to profession, and both be correspondent to good morals.

Correspondent

CORRESPOND'ENT, noun One who corresponds; one with whom an intercourse is carried on by letters or messages. When A is the correspondent of B, B is the correspondent of A.

Correspondently

CORRESPOND'ENTLY, adverb In a corresponding manner.

Corresponding

CORRESPOND'ING, participle of the present tense Carrying on intercourse by letters.

2. adjective Answering; agreeing; suiting.

Corresponsive

CORRESPON'SIVE, adjective Answerable; adapted.

Shak.

Corridor

COR'RIDOR, noun [French; Spanish corredor, from correr, Italian correre, Latin curro, to run, to flow. The termination dor may perhaps be the Latin tor, as in curator, cursitor. Corridor signifies a runner; hence, a running, flowing, or long line.]

1. In architecture, a gallery or long aisle round a building, leading to several chambers at a distance from each other.

Harris.

2. In fortification, the covered way lying round the whole compass of the fortifications of a place.

Harris.

Corrigible

COR'RIGIBLE, adjective [French from Latin corrigo, to correct.]

1. That may be set right, or amended; as a corrigible defect.

2. That may be reformed; as, the young man may be corrigible.

3. Punishable; that may be chastised for correction. He was adjudged corrigible for abusive words.

Corrival

CORRI'VAL, noun A fellow rival; a competitor. More correctly co-rival, which see.

Corrivate

COR'RIVATE, verb transitive [Latin con and rivus.] To draw water out of several streams into one. [Little used.]

Burton.

Corrivation

CORRIVA'TION, noun The running of different streams into one. [Not much used.]

Burton.

Corroborant

CORROB'ORANT, adjective [See Corroborate.] Strengthening; having the power or quality of giving strength; as a corroborant medicine.

Corroborant

CORROB'ORANT, noun A medicine that strengthens the human body when weak.

Corroborate

CORROB'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin corroboro; con and roboro, to strengthen, from robur, strength. Class Rb.]

1. To strengthen; to make strong, or to give additional strength to; as, to corroborate the nerves; to corroborate the judgment, authority or habits.

Watts. Wotton.

2. To confirm; to make more certain. The news was doubtful, but is corroborated by recent advices.

Corroborated

CORROB'ORATED, participle passive Strengthened; confirmed; rendered more certain.

Corroborating

CORROB'ORATING, participle of the present tense Strengthening; giving firmness or additional assurance.

Corroboration

CORROBORA'TION, noun The act of strengthening, or confirming; addition of strength, assurance, or security; confirmation; as the corroboration of an argument, or of intelligence.

Corroborative

CORROB'ORATIVE, adjective Having the power of giving strength, or additional strength; tending to confirm.

Corroborative

CORROB'ORATIVE, noun A medicine that strengthens; a corroborant.

Corrode

CORRO'DE, verb transitive [Latin corrodo; con and rodo, to gnaw, Arabic aradba, to eat or gnaw, [qu. raw and crude;] Italian corrodere, rodere; French corroder; Spanish corroer; Welsh rhwtiaw, to corrode, to rub or fret.]

1. To eat away by degrees; to wear away, or diminish, by gradually separating small particles from a body, in the manner an animal gnaws a substance. Thus, nitric acid corrodes copper.

2. To wear away by degrees; to prey upon; to impair; to consume, or diminish by slow degrees. Jealousy and envy corrode the constitution. Substances are corroded by time. The anxious man is a victim to corroding care.

Corroded

CORRO'DED, participle passive Eaten away gradually; worn, diminished, impaired, by slow degrees.

Corrodent

CORRO'DENT, adjective Having the power of corroding, or wasting by degrees.

Corrodent

CORRO'DENT, noun Any substance or medicine that corrodes.

Coxe.

Corrodibility

CORRODIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being corrodible.

Corrodible

CORRO'DIBLE, adjective That may be corroded.

Brown.

Corroding

CORRO'DING, participle of the present tense Eating away gradually; impairing; wasting.

Corrody

COR'RODY. [See Corody.] But corrody is the most correct orthography.

Corrosible

CORRO'SIBLE, adjective [See Corrodible.]

Corrosibility

CORROSIBIL'ITY, noun [See Corrodibility.]

Corrosion

CORRO'SION, n. s as z. [from corrode.] The action of eating or wearing away by slow degrees, as by the action of acids on metals, by which the substance is gradually changed. This is effected by the affinity of the menstruum with the component parts of the substance, in consequence of which the two substances unite and form new combinations.

Corrosive

CORRO'SIVE, adjective Eating; wearing away; having the power of gradually wearing, consuming or impairing; as corrosive sublimate; corrosive care; a corrosive ulcer.

2. Having the quality of fretting or vexing. Corrosive sublimate, the corrosive muriate or perchloride of mercury.

Corrosive

CORRO'SIVE, noun That which has the quality of eating or wearing gradually.

2. That which has the power of fretting.

Hooker.

Corrosively

CORRO'SIVELY, adverb Like a corrosive; with the power of corrosion; in a corrosive manner.

Corrosiveness

CORRO'SIVENESS, noun The quality of corroding, eating away or wearing; acrimony.

Boyle.

Corrugant

COR'RUGANT, adjective [See Corrugate.] Having the power of contracting into wrinkles.

Corrugate

COR'RUGATE, verb transitive [Latin corrugo; con and rugo, to wrinkle, in our vulgar language, to ruck, Welsh rhyÃƒ-§u, to furrow.]

To wrinkle; to draw or contract into folds; as, to corrugate the skin.

Bacon.

Corrugate

COR'RUGATE, adjective Wrinkled.

Young.

Corrugated

COR'RUGATED, participle passive Wrinkled.

Corrugating

COR'RUGATING, participle of the present tense Contracting into wrinkles.

Corrugation

CORRUGA'TION, noun A wrinkling; contraction into wrinkles.

Corrugator

COR'RUGATOR, noun A muscle which contracts the skin of the forehead into wrinkles.

Coxe.

Corrupt

CORRUPT', verb transitive [Latin corruptus, from corrumpo; con and rumpo, for rupo, to break; French corrompre; Italian corrompere; Spanish corromper. Class Rb.]

Literally, to break, separate or dissolve. Hence,

1. To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to separate the component parts of a body, as by a natural process, which is accompanied by a fetid smell.

2. To vitiate or deprave; to change from good to bad.

Evil communications corrupt good manners. 1 Corinthians 15.

3. To waste, spoil or consume.

Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt. Matthew 6.

4. To defile or pollute. Exodus 32.

5. To entice from good and allure to evil. 2 Corinthians 11.

6. To pervert; to break, disobey or make void. Malachi 2.

7. To pervert or vitiate integrity; to bribe; as, to corrupt a judge.

8. To debase or render impure, by alterations or innovations; as, to corrupt language.

9. To pervert; to falsify; to infect with errors; as, to corrupt the sacred text.

Corrupt

CORRUPT', verb intransitive To become putrid; to putrefy; to rot. Animal and vegetable substances speedily corrupt in a warm and moist air.

2. To become vitiated; to lose purity.

Corrupt

CORRUPT', adjective [Latin corruptus; Italian corrotto.]

1. Changed from a sound to a putrid state, as by natural decomposition.

2. Spoiled; tainted; vitiated; unsound; as corrupt air, or bread.

Knolles.

3. Depraved; vitiated; tainted with wickedness.

They are corrupt; they have done abominable works. Psalm 14.

The earth was corrupt before God. Genesis 6.

4. Debased; rendered impure; changed to a worse state; as corrupt language.

5. Not genuine; infected with errors or mistakes. The text is corrupt.

Corrupted

CORRUPT'ED, participle passive Putrefied; vitiated; depraved; spoiled; marred; bribed; infected with errors.

Corrupter

CORRUPT'ER, noun One who corrupts; one who vitiates, or taints; as a corrupter of morals, or of christianity.

2. One who bribes; that which depraves or destroys integrity.

3. One who introduces errors.

Corruptibility

CORRUPTIBIL'ITY, noun The possibility of being corrupted.

Corruptible

CORRUPT'IBLE, adjective [French corruptible; Italian corruttibile.]

1. That may be corrupted; that may become putrid; subject to decay and destruction. Our bodies are corruptible.

2. That may be vitiated in qualities or principles; susceptible of depravation. Manners are corruptible by evil example.

Corruptible

CORRUPT'IBLE, noun That which may decay and perish; the human body.

This corruptible must put on incorruption. 1 Corinthians 15.

Corruptibleness

CORRUPT'IBLENESS, noun Susceptibility of corruption; corruptibility.

Corruptibly

CORRUPT'IBLY, adverb In such a manner as to be corrupted or vitiated.

Corrupting

CORRUPT'ING, participle of the present tense Putrefying; depraving; vitiating.

Corruption

CORRUP'TION, noun [Latin corruptio.] The act of corrupting, or state of being corrupt or putrid; the destruction of the natural form of bodies, by the separation of the component parts, or by disorganization, in the process of putrefaction.

Thou wilt not suffer thy holy One to see corruption. Ps xvi.

2. Putrid matter; pus.

3. Putrescence; a foul state occasioned by puterfaction.

4. Depravity; wickedness; perversion or deterioration of moral principles; loss of purity or integrity.

Having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. 2 Peter 1.

Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.

J. Adams.

5. Debasement; taint; or tendency to a worse state.

Keep my honor from corruption.

Shak.

6. Impurity; depravation; debasement; as a corruption of language.

7. Bribery. He obtained his suit by corruption.

8. In law, taint; impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or felony, by which a person is disabled to inherit lands from an ancestor, nor can retain those in his possession, nor transmit them by descent to his heirs.

Corruption of blood can be removed only by act of parliament.

Blackstone.

Corruptive

CORRUPT'IVE, adjective Having the quality of corrupting, tainting or vitiating.

It should be endued with some corruptive quality.

Ray.

Corruptless

CORRUPT'LESS, adjective Not susceptible of corruption, or decay.

Dryden.

Corruptly

CORRUPT'LY, adverb In a corrupt manner; with corruption; viciously; wickedly; without integrity.

We have dealt very corruptly against thee. Nehemiah 1.

2. By bribery. A judgment was obtained corruptly.

Corruptness

CORRUPT'NESS, noun The state of being corrupt; putrid state or putrescence.

2. A state of moral impurity; as the corruptness of a judge.

3. A vicious state; debasement; impurity as the corruptness of language.

Corruptress

CORRUPT'RESS, noun A female that corrupts others.

Beaum.

Corsair

COR'SAIR, noun [French corsaire; Spanish corsario, a cruising by a privateer; corsear, to cruise: Italian corsare, a pirate, from corso, a course or career, Latin cursus, from curro, to run.]

A pirate; one who cruises or scours the ocean, with an armed vessel, without a commission from any prince or state, to seize and plunder merchantmen.

Corsak

COR'SAK, noun A species of fox.

Pennant.

Corse

CORSE, noun [French corps; Latin corpus.] A corpse; the dead body of a human being: a poetical word.

Addison.

Corse-Encumbered

CORSE-ENCUM'BERED, adjective Loaded with dead bodies; as the corse-encumbered plains.

Barlow.

Corse-Present

CORSE-PRESENT, noun A mortuary or present paid at the interment of a dead body.

Blackstone.

Corselet

CORSELET, n. cors'let. [French corselet; Italian corsaletto; from corse.]

1. A little cuirass, or an armor to cover the body for protection, worn formerly by pike-men.

Encyc.

2. [See Corcelet.]

Corselet

CORSELET, v. t. cors'let. To encircle with a corselet.

Beaum.

Corset

CORS'ET, noun [French from corse.] A boddice; jumps; something worn to give shape to the body; used by ladies and dandies.

Corsned

CORS'NED, noun [Saxon corsnoede, comp. of corse, curse, and snoed, a mouthful, piece or bit. It is called also ned-bread, need-bread, bread of necessity.]

The morsel of execration; or curse; a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and to be swallowed by a suspected person, as a trial of his innocence. If guilty, it was supposed the bread would produce convulsions and paleness, and find no passage. If innocent, it was believed it would turn to nourishment.

Blackstone.

Cortege

CORTE'GE, noun [French from the Italian corteggio, from corte, court.] A train of attendants.

Cortes

CORT'ES, n. plu. [from corte, court.] The Spanish name of the States of the kingdom, composed of nobility, clergy and representatives of cities; the assembly of the States, answering, in some measure, to the parliament of Great Britain.

Cortical

COR'TICAL, adjective [from Latin cortex, bark. See Chart.] Belonging to bark; consisting of bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; belonging to the external covering; as the cortical part of the brain.

Cheyne.

A cortical bud in plants proceeds from the scales of the bark.

Martyn.

Corticate

COR'TICATE, or COR'TICATED, adjective [Latin corticatus, from cortex, bark.] Resembling the bark or rind of a tree.

Brown.

Corticiferous

CORTICIF'EROUS, adjective [cortex and fero, to produce.]

Producing bark, or that which resembles it.

Dict.

Corticiform

CORTIC'IFORM, adjective [cortex and form.] Resembling bark.

Corticose

CORT'ICOSE, or CORT'ICOUS, adjective Barky; full of bark.

Dict.

Corundum

CORUND'UM, noun The corindon-hannophane of HaÃƒ-¼y, corindon adamantin of Brongniart, the korund of Werner, and the adamantine spar of Kirwan. It is octahedral, rhomboidal or prismatic.

Cleaveland. Ure.

Coruscant

CORUS'CANT, adjective [See Coruscate.] Flashing; glittering by flashes.

Coruscate

COR'USCATE, verb intransitive [Latin corusco, to flash.] To flash; to lighten; to glitter.

Barlow.

Coruscation

CORUSCA'TION, noun [Latin coruscatio.] A flash; a sudden burst of light in the clouds or atmosphere.

Bacon.

2. The light produced by the combustion of imflammable gas in the earth.

Newton.

Artificial coruscations are produced by phosporus and sulphuric acid, or by sulphuric acid and iron filings.

Encyc.

Corvet

COR'VET, noun [French corvette; Spanish corveta, a leap, a curvet, a boat.] A sloop of war; an advice boat.

Corvus

CORV'US, noun [Latin corvus, a raven.] In astronomy, a constellation of the southern hemisphere, containing nine stars.

2. A military engine or gallery used by the Romans for boarding ships in war. It was a strong platform of boards at the prow, movable as on a spindle, and thrown over the side of the enemy's vessel, when grappled.

Encyc.

Corybantic

CORYBAN'TIC, adjective Madly agitated; inflamed like the Corybantes, the frantic priests of Cybele.

Cudworth.

Corymb

COR'YMB, noun [Latin corymbus; Greek.] Primarily, a top, head or cluster. In modern botany, a species of inflorescence, in which the lesser or partial flower-stalks are produced along the common stalk on both sides, and though of unequal length, rise to the same highth, so as to form an even surface; as in spiraea opulifolia, scurvy-grass, &c.

Milne. Martyn.

Corymbiated

CORYM'BIATED, adjective Garnished with corymbs.

Corymbiferous

CORYMBIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin corymbifer; corymbus and fero, to bear.]

Producing corymbs; bearing fruit or berries in clusters, or producing flowers in clusters.

Milne.

Corymbous

CORYM'BOUS, adjective Consisting of corymbs; in clusters.

Barton. Lee.

Corymbulous

CORYM'BULOUS, adjective Having or consisting of little corymbs.

Barton.

Coryphene

COR'YPHENE, noun A fish with a sloping truncated head, and the dorsal fin extending the whole length of the back.

Pennant.

Corypheus

CORYPHE'US, noun [Greek] The chief of a chorus; the chief of a company.

South.

Coscinomancy

COSCINOM'ANCY, noun [Greek, a sieve, and, divination.]

The art or practice of divination, by suspending a sieve and taking it between two fingers, or by fixing it to the point of a pair of shears, then repeating a formula of words, and the names of persons suspected. If the sieve trembles, shakes or turns, when any name is repeated, the person is deemed guilty. This divination is mentioned by Theocritus, and is said to be still practiced in some parts of England. The practice and the name are strangers in America.

Co-Secant

CO-SE'CANT, noun [See Secant.] In geometry, the secant of an arc which is the complement of another to ninety degrees.

Encyc.

Cosier

CO'SIER, noun [French cousu, coudre.] A botcher. [Not used.]

Shak.

Cosinage

COS'INAGE, n. s as z. [French cousinage, kindred. See Cousin.]

In law, a writ to recover possession of an estate in lands, when a stranger has entered and abated, after the death of the tresail, or the grandfather's grandfather, or other collateral relation.

Blackstone.

Co-Sine

CO'-SINE, noun [See Sine.] In geometry, the sine of an arc which is the complement of another to ninety degrees.

Encyc.

Cosmetic

COSMET'IC, a. s as z. [Greek, from, order, beauty.]

Beautifying; improving beauty, particularly the beauty of the skin.

Cosmetic

COSMET'IC, noun Any preparation that renders the skin soft, pure and white, and helps to beautify and improve the complexion.

Encyc.

Cosmical

COS'MICAL, a. s as z. [Greek, from, order, the world.]

1. Relating to the world, or to the whole system of visible bodies, including the earth and stars.

2. In astronomy, rising or setting with the sun; not acronical.

Encyc.

Cosmically

COS'MICALLY, adverb With the sun at rising or setting; a star is said to rise or set cosmically, when it rises or sets with the sun.

Cosmogonist

COSMOG'ONIST, noun [See Cosmogony.] One who treats of the origin or formation of the universe.

Enfield.

Cosmogony

COSMOG'ONY, n. s as z. [Greek; world, and, generation.]

The generation, origin or creation of the world or universe. In physics, the science of the origin or formation of the universe.

Enfield. Encyc.

Cosmographer

COSMOG'RAPHER, noun [See Cosmography.] One who describes the world or universe, including the heavens and the earth.

Cosmographic

COSMOGRAPH'IC, or COSMOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Relating to the general description of the universe.

Cosmographically

COSMOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In a manner relating to the science of describing the universe, or corresponding to cosmography.

Cosmography

COSMOG'RAPHY, n. s as z. [Greek; the world, and, to describe.]

A description of the world or universe; or the art which teaches the construction of the whole system of worlds, or the figure, disposition and relation of all its parts, and the manner of representing them on a plane.

Encyc.

Cosmolabe

COS'MOLABE, n. s as z. [Greek, world, and, to take.]

An ancient instrument for measuring distances in the heavens or on earth, much the same as the astrolabe, and called also pantacosm.

Encyc.

Cosmolatory

COSMOL'ATORY, n. s as z. [Greek, world, and, to worship.]

The worship paid to the world or its parts by heathens.

Cudworth.

Cosmological

COSMOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Cosmology.] Relating to a discourse or treatise of the world, or to the science of the universe.

Cosmologist

COSMOL'OGIST, noun One who describes the universe.

Cosmology

COSMOL'OGY, n. s as z. [Greek; the universe, and, discourse.]

The science of the world or universe; or a treatise relating to the structure and parts of the system of creation, the elements of bodies, the modifications of material things, the laws of motion, and the order and course of nature.

Encyc. Enfield.

Cosmoplastic

COSMOPLAS'TIC, adjective [Greek, world, and, to form.]

World-forming; pertaining to the formation of the world.

Hallywell.

Cosmopolitan

COSMOPOL'ITAN, or COSMOP'OLITE, n. s as z. [Greek, world, and, a citizen.]

A person who has no fixed residence; one who is no where a stranger, or who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world.

Howell.

Coss

COSS, noun A Hindoo measure of one English mile and a quarter nearly.

Asiat. Res.

Cossack

COS'SACK, noun The Cossacks inhabit the Ukraine, in the Russian empire.

Cossas

COS'SAS, noun Plain India muslins, of various qualities and breadths.

Cosset

COS'SET, noun [Qu. German kossat, like Dutch huislam, and from the root of cot, or house; Italian casiccio, from casa, a house.]

A lamb brought up by hand, or without the aid of the dam.

Cossic

COS'SIC, adjective Relating to algebra.

Bp. Hall.

Cost

COST, n. caust. [German, Dutch Swedish Danish kost; Irish cosdas; Welsh cost, coast and cost; French coÃƒ-»t; Armoric coust. See the Verb.]

1. The price, value or equivalent of a thing purchased; the amount in value paid, charged or engaged to be paid for any thing bought or taken in barter. The word is equally applicable to the price in money or commodities; as the cost of a suit of clothes; the cost of a house or farm.

2. Expense; amount in value expended or to be expended; charge; that which is given or to be given for another thing.

I will not offer burnt offerings without cost. 1 Chronicles 21.

Have we eaten at all at the king's cost? 2 Samuel 19.

The cost of maintaining armies is immense and often ruinous.

Anon.

3. In law, the sum fixed by law or allowed by the court for charges of a suit awarded against the party losing, in favor of the party prevailing, &c. The jury find that the plaintiff recover of the defendant ten dollars with costs of suit or with his cost.

4. Loss or expense of any kind; detriment; pain; suffering. The vicious man indulges his propensities at a great cost.

5. Sumptuousness; great expense.

Shak.

Cost

COST, verb transitive pret. and pp. cost. [German and Dutch kosten; Danish koster; Swedish kosta; French coÃƒ-»ter, for couster; Armoric cousta, coustein; Welsh costiaw; Italian costare; Spanish costar; Portugese custar; Irish cosnam. The noun cost coincides in most of these languages with coast and Latin costa, a rib, the exterior part. The primary sense of the verb is, to throw or send out, to cast, as we say, to lay out. Qu. the Arabic and Pers. a balance, or pair of scales, from to distribute. I call this a transitive verb. In the phrase, a hat costs six dollars, the sense is, it expends, lays out, or causes to be laid out six dollars.]

1. To require to be given or expended in barter or purchase; to be bought for; as, this book cost a dollar; the army and navy cost four millions a year.

2. To require to be laid out, given, bestowed or employed; as, Johnson's Dictionary cost him seven years labor.

3. To require to be borne or suffered. Our sins cost us many pains. A sense of ingratitude to his maker costs the penitent sinner many pangs and sorrows.

Costal

COST'AL, adjective [French costal, from Latin costa, a coast, side or rib; Spanish costa, cost, and a coast; costear, to pay costs, to coast along. A coast or side is the extreme part, a limit, from extending, throwing or shooting out, to cast.]

Pertaining to the side of the body or the ribs; as costal nerves.

Costard

COST'ARD, noun A head. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. An apple, round and bulky, like the head.

Johnson.

Costard-Monger

COST'ARD-MONGER, noun An apple-seller.

Burton.

Coster-Monger

COST'ER-MONGER, noun An apple-seller.

Costive

COS'TIVE, adjective [contracted from Italian costipato, costipare, from the Latin constipo, to cram, to stuff; con and stipo, to cram.]

1. Literally, crowded, stuffed, as the intestines; hence, bound in body; retaining fecal matter in the bowels, in a hard and dry state; having the excrements obstructed, or the motion of the bowels too slow.

2. Dry and hard; as costive clay. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

Costiveness

COS'TIVENESS, noun A preternatural detention of the fecal matter of the bowels, with hardness and dryness; an obstruction or preternatural slowness of evacuations from the bowels.

Medicine.

Costliness

COST'LINESS, noun [See Costly.] Expensiveness; great cost, or expense; sumptuousness. Revelation 18:19.

Sidney.

Costless

COST'LESS, adjective Costing nothing.

Barrow.

Costly

COST'LY, adjective [from cost.] Of a high price; sumptuous; expensive; purchased at a great expense; as a costly habit; costly furniture.

Mary took a pound of spikenard, very costly. John 12.

Costmary

COST'MARY, noun [Greek, Latin custus, an aromatic plant, and Maria. Arabic and Pers. kost.]

A species of tansy, or Tanacetum; alecost.

Costrel

COS'TREL, noun A bottle. [Not in use.]

Costume

COS'TUME, noun [French costume, custom.] In painting, a rule or precept by which an artist is enjoined to make every person and thing sustain its proper character, observing the scene of action, the country or place, and making the habits, arms, manners, and proportions correspond. Hence, the observance of this rule in execution.

Encyc.

2. An established mode of dress.

Co-Sufferer

CO-SUF'FERER, noun One who suffers with another.

Co-Supreme

CO-SUPRE'ME, noun A partaker of supremacy.

Shak.

Co-Surety

CO-SU'RETY, noun One who is surety with another.

Mass. Rep.

Cot

COT, or COTE, noun [Saxon cot, cote; cyte; German koth; Dutch kot; Welsh cwt. In Welsh, the word signifies a cot, a hovel or stye, an abrupt termination, a rump, a tail, a skirt. Cwta, short, abrupt, bob-tailed; cwtau, to shorten. This indicates that cot is from cutting off, and hence defending.]

1. A small house; a hut; a mean habitation; also, a shed or inclosure for beasts. 2 Chronicles 32.

2. A leathern cover for a sore finger.

3. An abridgement of cotquean.

4. A cade lamb. [Local.]

Grose.

5. A little boat.

Co-Tangent

CO-TAN'GENT, noun The tangent of an arc which is the complement of another to ninety degrees.

Harris.

Cote

COTE, noun A sheepfold. [See Cot.]

Cote

COTE, verb transitive To pass by and turn before; to gain ground in coursing and give a competitor the turn. [Little used.]

Shak. Chapman.

Cotemporaneous

COTEMPORA'NEOUS, adjective [infra.] Living or being at the same time.

Cotemporary

COTEM'PORARY, adjective [Latin con, co, and tempus, time.]

Living or being at the same time; as cotemporary authors. Josephus was cotemporary with Vespasian.

Locke. Blackstone.

Cotemporary

COTEM'PORARY, noun One who lives at the same time with another.

[I consider this word as preferable to contemporary, as being more easily pronounced.]

Co-Tenant

CO-TEN'ANT, noun A tenant in common.

Kent.

Coterie

COTERIE', noun [French] A friendly party, or fashionable association.

Coticular

COTIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin coticula, from cos, a whetstone.]

Pertaining to whetstones; like or suitable for whetstones.

Kirwan.

Cotillon

COTIL'LON, n. cotil'yun. [French a petticoat.] A brisk dance, performed by eight persons together; also, a tune which regulates the dance.

Cotland

COT'LAND, noun Land appendant to a cottage.

Johnson.

Cotquean

COT'QUEAN, noun A man who busies himself with the affairs which properly belong to women.

Co-Trustee

CO-TRUSTEE', noun A joint trustee.

Kent.

Cotswold

COTS'WOLD, noun [Saxon cote and wold.] Sheepcotes in an open country.

Cott

COTT, noun [Saxon cot, cote, a bed. Qu. Greek.] A small bed; on board of ships, a bed frame suspended from the beams, for the officers to sleep in, between the decks; a piece of canvas, extended by a frame.

Mar. Dict.

Cottage

COT'TAGE, noun [from cot.] A cot; a hut; a small mean habitation.

The sea coast shall be dwellings and cottages for shepherds. Zephaniah 2.

Cottaged

COT'TAGED, adjective Set or covered with cottages.

Collins.

Cottager

COT'TAGER, noun One who lives in a hut or cottage.

2. In law, one who lives on the common, without paying any rent, or having land of his own.

Johnson.

Cotter

COT'TER, or COT'TAR, or COT'TIER, noun A cottager.

Cotton

COT'TON, n. cot'n. [French coton; Italian cotone; Irish cadas; Spanish algodon, the cotton-plant or the wool; coton, printed cotton; Portugese algodam; Dutch katoen; Welsh cotwm, cotton, dagwool, as if from cot, a short tail. But it seems to be an Arabic word, corresponding with a word in Ethiopic and Syriac, which signifies to be thin or fine. And with a common dialectical variation, it may coincide with the first syllable of gossypium and gossamer.]

1. A soft downy substance, resembling fine wool, growing in the capsules or pods of a shrub, called the cotton-plant. It is the material of a large proportion of cloth for apparel and furniture.

2. Cloth made of cotton.

Lavender-cotton, a genus of plants, Santolina, of several species; shrubs cultivated in gardens. One species, the chamoecyparyssus or abrotanum foemina, female southernwood, is vulgarly called brotany.

Encyc.

Philosophic cotton, flowers of zink, which resemble cotton.

Silk-cotton tree, a genus of plants, the Bombax, growing to a great size in the Indies, and producing a kind of cotton in capsules.

Encyc.

Cotton

COT'TON, adjective Pertaining to cotton; made of cotton; consisting of cotton; as cotton cloth; cotton stockings.

Cotton

COT'TON, verb intransitive To rise with a nap.

Johnson.

2. To cement; to unite with; a cant word.

Swift.

Cotton-Gin

COT'TON-GIN, noun A machine to separate the seeds from cotton, invented by that celebrated mechanician, E. Whitney.

Cotton-Grass

COT'TON-GRASS, noun A genus of plants, the Eriophorum.

Muhlenberg.

Cotton-Machine

COTTON-MACHINE, noun A machine for carding or spinning cotton.

Cotton-Mill

COT'TON-MILL, noun A mill or building, with machinery for carding, roving and spinning cotton, by the force of water or steam.

Cotton-Plant

COT'TON-PLANT, or COT'TON-SHRUB, noun A plant or shrub of the genus Gossypium, of several species, all growing in warm climates. The principal species are, 1. the herbaceous cotton, with smooth leaves and yellow flowers, succeeded by roundish capsules, full of seeds and cotton; 2. the hairy American cotton, with hairy stalks and leaves, and yellow flowers succeeded by oval pods; 3. the Barbadoes shrubby cotton, has a shrubby stalk, yellow flowers and oval pods; 4. the arboreum or tree cotton, with a woody perennial stalk, bears yellow flowers and large pods. The first three species are annual plants; the last is perennial.

Encyc.

In the southern states of America, the cotton cultivated is distinguished into three kinds; the nankeen cotton, so called from its color; the green seed cotton, producing white cotton with green seeds. These grow in the middle and upper country, and are called short staple cotton. The black seed cotton, cultivated in the lower country near the sea, and on the isles near the shore, produces cotton of a fine, white, silky appearance, very strong and of a long staple. The seeds of the long staple cotton are separated by roller-gins. The seeds of the short staple cotton are separated with more difficulty, by a sawgin invented by E. Whitney.

Ramsay. Drayton.

Cotton-Thistle

COT'TON-THISTLE, noun A plant, the Onopordum.

Muhlenberg.

Cotton-Weed

COT'TON-WEED, noun A plant, the Filago. The name is given also to the Gnaphalium, cud-weed, or goldy-locks.

Cottony

COT'TONY, adjective Downy; nappy; covered with hairs or pubescence like cotton.

Martyn.

2. Soft like cotton.

Cotyle

CO'TYLE, noun [Greek.] The cavity of a bone which receives the end of another in articulation.

Cotyledon

COTYL'EDON, noun [Greek, from, a hollow or cavity.]

1. In botany, the perishable lobe or placenta of the seeds of plants. It involves and nourishes the embryo plant, and then perishes. Some seeds have two lobes; others one only, and others none.

Milne. Martyn. Encyc.

2. In anatomy, a little glandular body adhering to the chorion of some animals.

Coxe. Encyc.

3. A genus of plants, navel-wort, or kidney-wort, of several species.

Encyc.

Cotyledonous

COTYLED'ONOUS, adjective Pertaining to cotyledons; having a seed-lobe.

Couch

COUCH, verb intransitive [French couche, a bed; coucher, to lay down; Norm. couche, a couch, and laid double; Spanish gacho, bent down, slouching; agacharse, to stoop, to crouch; Portugese agacharse, acaÃƒ-§aparse, to stoop, crouch, or squat; Armoric coacha and scoacha, our vulgar scooch; Dutch hukken; German hocken; Danish huger. The primary sense is to lay or throw down. See Class Cg. Gk. No. 7. 8. 9.]

1. To lie down, as on a bed or place of repose.

2. To lie down on the knees; to stoop and recline on the knees, as a beast.

Fierce tigers couched around.

Dryden.

3. To lie down in secret or in ambush; to lie close and concealed.

The earl of Angus couched in a furrow.

Hayward.

Judah couched as a lion. Genesis 49.

4. To lie; to lie in a bed or stratum.

Blessed of the Lord be his landÃ‚--for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth beneath. Deuteronomy 33.

5. To stoop; to bend the body or back; to lower in reverence, or to bend under labor, pain, or a burden.

Issachar is a strong ass, couching down between two burdens. Genesis 49.

These couchings, and these lowly courtesies.

Shak.

Couch

COUCH, verb transitive To lay down; to repose on a bed or place of rest.

Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain, Doth couch his limbs.

Shak.

3. To lay down; to spread on a bed or floor; as, to couch malt.

Mortimer.

3. To lay close, or in a stratum.

The waters couch themselves, as close as may be, to the center of the globe.

Burnet.

4. To hide; to lay close, or in another body.

It is in use at this day, to couch vessels in walls, to gather the wind from the top, and pass it down in spouts into rooms.

Bacon.

5. To include secretely; to hide; or to express in obscure terms, that imply what is to be understood; with under.

All this, and more, lies couched under this allegory.

L'Estrange.

Hence,

6. To involve; to include; to comprise; to comprehend or express.

This great argument for a future state, which St. Paul hath couched in the words read.

Atterbury.

7. To lie close.

Spenser.

8. To fix a spear in the rest, in the posture of attack.

They couched their spears.

Milton. Dryden.

9. To depress the condensed crystaline humor or film that overspreads the pupil of the eye.

Johnson.

To remove a cataract, by entering a needle through the coats of the eye, and pushing the lens to the bottom of the vitreous humor, and then downwards and outwards, so as to leave it in the under and outside of the eye.

Encyc.

The true phrase is, to couch a cataract; but we say, to couch the eye, or the patient.

Couch

COUCH, noun A bed; a place for rest or sleep.

Milton. Dryden.

2. A seat of repose; a place for rest and ease, on which it is common to lie down undressed.

Milton. Dryden.

3. A layer or stratum; as a couch of malt.

Mortimer.

4. In painting, a lay or impression of color, in oil or water, covering the canvas, wall, or other matter to be painted.

Encyc.

5. Any lay, or impression, used to make a thing firm or consistent, or to screen it from the weather.

Encyc.

6. A covering of gold or silver leaf, laid on any substance to be gilded or silvered.

Encyc.

Couchant

COUCH'ANT, adjective [French See Couch.] Lying down; squatting. In heraldry, lying down with the head raised, which distinguishes the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or sleeping; applied to a lion or other beast.

Encyc.

Levant and couchant, in law, rising up and lying down; applied to beasts, and indicating that they have been long enough on land to lie down and rise up to feed, or one night at least.

Blackstone.

Couched

COUCH'ED, participle passive Laid down; laid on; hid; included or involved; laid close; fixed in the rest, as a spear; depressed or removed, as a cataract.

Couchee

COUCH'EE, noun [French] Bedtime; late visiting at night.

Dryden.

Coucher

COUCH'ER, noun One who couches cataracts.

2. In old English statutes, a factor; a resident in a country for traffick.

Encyc.

3. A book in which a religious house register their acts.

Encyc.

Couch-Fellow

COUCH'-FELLOW, noun A bed fellow; a companion in lodging.

Couch-Grass

COUCH'-GRASS, noun A species of grass, very injurious to other plants.

Couching

COUCH'ING, participle of the present tense Lying down; laying down; lying close; involving; including; expressing; depressing a cataract.

Couching

COUCH'ING, noun The act of stooping or bowing.

Shak.

Cough

COUGH, n. kauf. [Qu. Dutch kuch. The elements are not both of the same organ; but gh and f are sometimes interchanged, as in rough, ruff. See Class Cg. No. 29. 36.

In Pers. chaftah, and chafa, is a cough.]

A violent effort of the lungs to throw off offending matter; a violent, sometimes involuntary, and sonorous expiration, suddenly expelling the air through the glottis. The convulsion of the muscles serving for exspiration gives great force to the air, while the contraction of the glottis produces the sound. The air forced violently carries along with it the phlegm or irritating matter which causes the convulsion or effort of the muscles.

Encyc.

Cough

COUGH, verb intransitive To have the lungs convulsed; to make a violent effort with noise to expel the air from the lungs, and evacuate any offending matter that irritates the parts or renders respiration difficult.

Cough

COUGH, verb transitive To expel from the lungs by a convulsive effort with noise; to expectorate; followed by up; as, to cough up phlegm.

Cougher

COUGH'ER, noun One that coughs.

Coughing

COUGH'ING, participle of the present tense Expelling from the lungs by a violent effort with noise; expectorating.

Could

COULD, pron. COOD. [The past tense of can, according to our customary arrangement in grammar; but in reality a distinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive through the Celtic dialects, Welsh gallu, Cornish gally, Armoric gallout, to be able; Hebrew, Chaldee, Ethiopic to be able, to prevail; Latin calleo. Either of the Oriental verbs may be the root, and all may be of one family. In the past tense, could signifies, was able, had power.]

1. Had sufficient strength or physical power. A sick man could not lift his hand. Isaac was old and could not see. Alexander could easily conquer the effeminate Asiatics.

2. Had adequate means or instruments. The men could defray their own expenses. The country was exhausted and could not support the war.

3. Had adequate moral power. We heard the story, but could not believe it. The intemperate man could have restrained his appetite for strong drink. He could have refrained, if he would.

My mind could not be towards this people. Jeremiah 15.

4. Had power or capacity by the laws of its nature. The tree could not grow for want of water.

5. Had competent legal power; had right, or had the requisite qualifications. Formerly, a citizen could not vote for officers of government without the possession of some property. AB could not be elected to the office of senator, for want of estate. BC, not being of the blood of the ancestor, could not inherit his estate.

6. Had sufficient capacity. The work could not contain the books. John 21.

7. Was capable or susceptible, by its nature or constitution, as of some change. He found a substance that could not be fused.

8. Had adequate strength or fortitude; as, he could not endure the pain or the reproach.

9. Had motives sufficient to overcome objections.

He thought at first he could not comply with the request; but after consideration he determined to comply.

10. Had competent knowledge or skill. He could solve the most difficult problems.

Coulter

COUL'TER. [See Colter.]

Council

COUN'CIL, noun [French concile; Spanish concilio; Italian conciglio, concilio; from Latin concilium; con and calo, to call, Greek, Welsh galw, Chaldee in Aph., to call. See Hold. Class Gl. This word is often confounded with counsel, with which it has no connection. Council is a collection or assembly.]

1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation, deliberation and advice.

The chief priests and all the council sought false witness. Matthew 20.

The kings of England were formerly assisted by a grand council of peers.

The word is applicable to any body of men, appointed or convened for consultation and advice, in important affairs; as, a council of divines or clergymen, with their lay delegates; a council of war, consisting of the principal officers, to advise the commander in chief or admiral; a council of physicians, to consult and advise in difficult cases of disease.

2. A body of men specially designated to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the government, as in Great Britain.

3. In some of the American states, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with the senate in other states, and called legislative council.

New Jersey.

4. An assembly of prelates and doctors, convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline in the church.

5. Act of deliberation; consultation of a council.

Milton.

Common-Council of a city. In London, a court consisting of the lord mayor and aldermen in one house, and of representatives of the several wards, called common-council-men, in the other. But more generally the common-council is considered as the body of representatives of the citizens, as distinct from the mayor and aldermen. Thus in Connecticut, the cities are incorporated by the name of ``The Mayor, Aldermen, Common-Council and Freemen, of the city of Hartford, New-Haven, &c.'

Ecumenical Council, in church history, a general council or assembly of prelates and doctors, representing the whole church; as the council of Nice, of Ephesus, and of Chalcedon.

Encyc.

Privy Council, a select council for advising a king in the administration of the government.

AULIC COUNCIL. [See Aulic.]

Council-Board

COUN'CIL-BOARD, noun Council-table; the table round which a council holds consultation. Hence, the council itself in deliberation or session.

Councilor

COUN'CILOR, noun The member of a council. [See Counselor.]

Council-Table

COUN'CIL-TABLE, noun Council-board.

Co-Unite

CO-UNI'TE, verb transitive To unite. [Not used.]

More.

Counsel

COUN'SEL, noun [French conseil; Armoric consailh; Italian consiglio; Spanish consejo; Portugese conselho; from Latin consilium, from the root of consulo, to consult, which is probably the Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic, Arabic to ask. Class Sl. No. 16. 42. The radical sense of the verb, to ask, is to set upon, urge, or press. Hence the Oriental verb is probably the root of the Latin salio, assilio, or from the same root. See the like analogies in Latin peto, to ask, to assail.]

1. Advice; opinion, or instruction, given up-on request or otherwise, for directing the judgment or conduct of another; opinion given upon deliberation or consultation.

Every purpose is established by counsel. Proverbs 20.

Thou hast not hearkened to my counsel. 2 Chronicles 25.

2. Consultation; interchange of opinions.

We took sweet counsel together. Psalm 55.

3. Deliberation; examination of consequences.

They all confess that, in the working of that first cause, counsel is used, reason followed, and a way observed.

Hooker.

4. Prudence; deliberate opinion or judgment, or the faculty or habit of judging with caution.

O how comely is the wisdom of old men, and understanding and counsel to men of honor. Ecclesiastes 25.

The law shall perish from the priest, and counsel from the ancients. Ezekiel 7.

5. In a bad sense, evil advice or designs; art; machination.

The counsel of the froward is carried headlong. Job 5.

6. Secresy; the secrets entrusted in consultation; secret opinions or purposes. Let a man keep his own counsel.

7. In a scriptural sense, purpose; design; will; decree.

What thy counsel determined before to be done. Acts 4.

To show the immutability of his counsel. Hebrews 6.

8. Directions of God's word.

Thou shalt guide me by thy counsel. Psalm 73.

9. The will of God or his truth and doctrines concerning the way of salvation.

I have not shunned to declare to you all the counsel of God. Acts 20.

10. Those who give counsel in law; any counselor or advocate, or any number of counselors, barristers or serjeants; as the plantiff's counsel, or the defendant's counsel. The attorney-general and solicitor-general are the king's counsel. In this sense, the word has no plural; but in the singular number, is applicable to one or more persons.

Counsel

COUN'SEL, verb transitive [Latin consilior.] To give advice or deliberate opinion to another for the government of his conduct; to advise.

I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire. Revelation 3.

2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or instruct. We ought frequently to counsel our children against the vices of the age.

They that will not be counseled, cannot be helped.

Franklin.

3. To advise or recommend; as, to counsel a crime. [Not much used.]

Dryden.

Counsel-Keeper

COUN'SEL-KEEPER, noun One who can keep a secret.

Shak.

Counsel-Keeping

COUN'SEL-KEEPING, adjective Keeping secrets.

Shak.

Counselable

COUN'SELABLE, adjective Willing to receive counsel; disposed to follow the advice or opinions of others.

Clarendon.

Counseled

COUN'SELED, participle passive Advised; instructed; admonished.

Counseling

COUN'SELING, participle of the present tense Advising; instructing; admonishing.

Counselor

COUN'SELOR, noun Any person who gives advice; but properly one who is authorized by natural relationship, or by birth, office or profession, to advise another in regard to his future conduct and measures. Ahithophel was David's counselor. His mother was his counselor to do wickedly. 2 Chronicles 22. In Great Britain, the peers of the realm are hereditary counselors of the crown.

2. The members of a counsel; one appointed to advise a king or chief magistrate, in regard to the administration of the government.

3. One who is consulted by a client in a lawcase; one who gives advice in relation to a question of law; one whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage causes for clients.

Privy Counselor, a member of a privy counsel.

Counselorship

COUN'SELORSHIP, noun The office of a counselor, or privy counselor.

Count

COUNT, verb transitive [French conter; Italian contare; Spanish Portugese contar; Armoric counta or contein. Qu. the root. The French has compter, also, from the Latin computo; the Spanish and Portugese computar, and the Italian computare. The count is directly from conter; and it may be a question whether conter and contar are from the Latin computo.]

1. To number; to tell or name one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection; as, to count the years, days and hours of a man's life; to count the stars.

Who can count the dust of Jacob? Numbers 23.

2. To reckon; to preserve a reckoning; to compute.

Some tribes of rude nations count their years by the coming of certain birds among them at certain seasons, and leaving them at others.

Locke.

3. To reckon; to place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider or esteem as belonging.

Abraham believed in God, and he counted it to him for righteousness. Genesis 15.

4. To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge or consider.

I count them my enemies. Psalm 139.

Neither count I my life dear to myself. Acts 20.

I count all things loss. Philippians 3.

5. To impute; to charge.

Rowe.

Count

COUNT, verb intransitive To count on or upon, to reckon upon; to found an account or scheme on; to rely on. We cannot count on the friendship of nations. Count not on the sincerity of sycophants.

Count

COUNT. noun [French conte and compte; Spanish cuenta and cuento; Italian conto. The Spanish has also computo, and the Italian id.]

1. Reckoning; the act of numbering; as, this is the number according to my count.

2. Number.

Spenser.

3. In law, a particular charge in an indictment, or narration in pleading, setting forth the cause of complaint. There may be different counts in the same declaration.

Count

COUNT, noun [French comte; Italian conte; Spanish conde; Portugese id.; Armoric condt; from Latin comes, comitis, a companion or associate, a fellow traveler. Qu. con and eo.]

A title of foreign nobility, equivalent to the English earl, and whose domain is a county. An earl; the alderman of a shire, as the Saxons called him. The titles of English nobility, according to their rank, are Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount, and Baron.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Count-Wheel

COUNT-WHEEL, noun The wheel in a clock which moves round and causes it to strike.

Countable

COUNT'ABLE, adjective That may be numbered.

Spenser.

Counted

COUNT'ED, participle passive Numbered; told; esteemed; reckoned; imputed.

Countenance

COUN'TENANCE, noun [French contenance, from contenant, containing, from contenir, to contain, Latin contineo; con and teneo, to hold.]

1. Literally, the contents of a body; the outline and extent which constitutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropriately, the human face; the whole form of the face, or system of features; visage.

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance. Proverbs 15.

Be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance. Matthew 6.

2. Air; look; aspect; appearance of the face; as in the phrase, to change or alter the countenance.

3. The face or look of a beast; as a horse of a good countenance.

4. Favor; good will; kindness.

Thou hast made him glad with thy countenance. Psalm 21.

Hence in scriptural language, the light of God's countenance is his smiles or favorable regards, his favor and grace; and to hide his face or countenance is to manifest his displeasure, and withdraw his gracious aids. So the rebuke of his countenance indicates his anger and frowns. Psalm 80.

This application of face or countenance, which seems to be of high antiquity, proceeded probably from the practice of turning away the face to express anger, displeasure and refusal; a practice still common, but probably universal among rude nations. The opposite conduct would of course express favor. The grant of a petition is accompanied with a look directed to the petitioner; the refusal or denial, with an averted face. Hence,

5. Support; aid; patronage; encouragement; favor in promoting and maintaining a person or cause.

It is the province of the magistrate, to give countenance to piety and virtue.

Atterbury.

Let religion enjoy the countenance of the laws.

Give no countenance to violations of moral duty.

5. Show; resemblance; superficial appearance.

The election being done, he made countenance of great discontent thereat.

Ascham.

7. In law, credit or estimation.

Cowel.

To keep the countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed or natural look, unruffled by passion; to refrain from expressing laughter, joy, anger or other passion, by an unchanged countenance.

In countenance, in favor; in estimation.

If the profession of religion were in countenance among men of distinction, it would have a happy effect on society.

To keep in countenance, to give assurance or courage to; to support; to aid by favor; to prevent from shame or dismay.

To put in countenance, to give assurance; to encourage; or to bring into favor; to support.

Out of countenance, confounded; abashed; with the countenance cast down; not bold or assured.

To put out of countenance, to cause the countenance to fall; to abash; to intimidate; to disconcert.

Countenance

COUN'TENANCE, verb transitive To favor; to encourage by opinion or words.

The design was made known to the minister, but he said nothing to countenance it.

Anon.

2. To aid; to support; to encourage; to abet; to vindicate; by any means.

Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause. Exodus 23.

3. To encourage; to appear in defense.

He countenanced the landing in his long boat.

Wotton.

4. To make a show of.

Each to these ladies love did countenance.

Spenser.

5. To keep an appearance.

Shak.

Countenanced

COUN'TENANCED, participle passive Favored; encouraged; supported.

Countenancer

COUN'TENANCER, noun One who countenances, favors or supports.

Countenancing

COUN'TENANCING, participle of the present tense Favoring; encouraging; supporting.

Counter

COUNT'ER, noun [from count.] A false piece of money or stamped metal, used as means of reckoning; any thing used to keep an account or reckoning, as in games.

2. Money, in contempt.

Shak.

3. A table or board on which money is counted; a table on which goods in a shop are laid for examination by purchasers.

In lieu of this, we sometimes see written the French comptoir, from compter, computo; but counter is the genuine orthography.

4. The name of certain prisons in London.

5. One that counts or reckons; also, an auditor.

6. Encounter. [Not used.]

7. In ships, an arch or vault, whose upper part is terminated by the bottom of the stern. The upper or second counter is above the former, but not vaulted.

Counter of a horse, that part of a horse's forehand which lies between the shoulder and under the neck.

Farrier's Dict.

Counter

COUN'TER, adverb [French contre; Latin contra; Spanish Italian contra; probably a compound of con and tra, as in extra, ultra.]

1. Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction; used chiefly with run or go; as, to run counter to the rules of virtue; he went counter to his own interest.

2. The wrong way; contrary to the right course.

Shak.

3. Contrariwise; in a contrary manner.

Locke.

4. The face, or at the face. [Not used.]

Sandys.

This word is prefixed to many others, chiefly verbs and nouns, expressing opposition.

Counteract

COUNTERACT', verb transitive [counter and act.] To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat or frustrate by contrary agency. Good precepts will sometimes counteract the effects of evil example; but more generally good precepts are counteracted by bad examples.

Counteracted

COUNTERACT'ED, participle passive Hindered; frustrated; defeated by contrary agency.

Counteracting

COUNTERACT'ING, participle of the present tense Hindering; frustrating.

Counteraction

COUNTERAC'TION, noun Action in opposition; hindrance.

Counter-Attraction

COUNTER-ATTRAC'TION, noun [counter and attraction.] Opposite attraction.

Shenstone.

Counterbalance

COUNTERBAL'ANCE, verb transitive [counter and balance.]

To weigh against; to weigh against with an equal weight; to act against with equal power or effect; to countervail. A column of thirty inches of quicksilver, and a column of thirty-two feet of water, counterbalance the weight of a like column of the whole atmosphere. The pleasures of sin never counterbalance the pain, misery and shame which follow the commission of it.

Counterbalance

COUNTERBAL'ANCE, noun Equal weight, power or agency acting in opposition to any thing.

Money is the counterbalance of all things purchasable.

Locke.

Counterbalanced

COUNTERBAL'ANCED, participle passive Opposed by equal weight, power or effect.

Counterbalancing

COUNTERBAL'ANCING, participle of the present tense Opposing by equal weight, power or operation.

Counterbond

COUN'TERBOND, noun [counter and bond.] A bond to save harmless one who has given bond for another.

Counterbuff

COUNTERBUFF', verb transitive [counter and buff.] To strike back or in an opposite direction; to drive back; to stop by a blow or impulse in front.

Dryden.

Counterbuff

COUN'TERBUFF, noun A blow in an opposite direction; a stroke that stops motion or causes a recoil.

Sidney.

Counterbuffed

COUNTERBUFF'ED, participle passive Struck with a blow in opposition.

Countercast

COUN'TERCAST, noun Delusive contrivance; contrary cast.

Spenser.

Countercaster

COUN'TERCASTER, noun [counter and caster.] A caster of accounts; a reckoner; a bookkeeper, in contempt.

Shak.

Counterchange

COUN'TERCHANGE, noun [counter and change.] Exchange; reciprocation.

Counterchange

COUNTERCHA'NGE, verb transitive To give and receive; or to cause to change places.

Counterchanged

COUNTERCHA'NGED, participle passive Exchanged. In heraldry, intermixed, as the colors of the field and charge.

Countercharm

COUN'TERCHARM, noun [counter and charm.] That which has the power of dissolving or opposing the effect of a charm.

Pope.

Countercharm

COUNTERCH`ARM, verb transitive To destroy the effect of enchantment.

Countercheck

COUNTERCHECK', verb transitive [counter and check.] To oppose or stop by some obstacle; to check.

Countercheck

COUN'TERCHECK, noun Check; stop; rebuke; or a censure to check a reprover.

Bailey.

Countercurrent

COUNTERCUR'RENT, adjective [counter and current.] Running in an opposite direction.

Kirwan.

Countercurrent

COUN'TERCURRENT, noun A current in an opposite direction.

Counterdistinction

COUNTERDISTINC'TION, noun Contradistinction.

More.

Counterdraw

COUNTERDRAW', verb transitive [counter and draw.]

In painting, to copy a design or painting, by means of a fine linen cloth, an oiled paper, or other transparent matter, whereon the strokes appearing through, they are traced with a pencil. The same is done on glass, and with frames or nets divided into squares with silk or thread, or by means of instruments, as the parallellogram.

Encyc.

Counterdrawing

COUNTERDRAW'ING, participle of the present tense Copying by means of lines drawn on some transparent matter.

Counterdrawn

COUNTERDRAW'N, participle passive Copied from lines drawn on something else.

Counter-Evidence

COUNTER-EV'IDENCE, noun [counter and evidence.] Opposite evidence; evidence or testimony which opposes other evidence.

Burnet.

Counterfeit

COUN'TERFEIT, v. t. coun'terfit. [French contrefaire, contrefait; contre and faire, to make; Latin contra and facio; Italian contraffare, contraffatto; Spanish contrahacer, contrahecho.]

1. To forge; to copy or imitate, without authority or right, and with a view to deceive or defraud, by passing the copy or thing forged, for that which is original or genuine; as, to counterfeit coin, bank notes, a seal, a bond, a deed or other instrument in writing, the hand writing or signature of another, &c. To make a likeness or resemblance of any thing with a view to defraud.

2. To imitate; to copy; to make or put on a resemblance; as, to counterfeit the voice of another person; to counterfeit piety.

Counterfeit

COUN'TERFEIT, verb intransitive To feign; to disemble; to carry on a fiction or deception.

Shak.

Counterfeit

COUN'TERFEIT, adjective Forged; fictitious; false; fabricated without right; made in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud, by passing the false copy for genuine or original; as counterfeit coin; a counterfeit bond or deed; a counterfeit bill of exchange.

2. Assuming the appearance of something; false; hypocritical; as a counterfeit friend.

3. Having the resemblance of; false; not genuine; as counterfeit modesty.

Counterfeit

COUN'TERFEIT, noun A cheat; a deceitful person; one who pretends to be what he is not; one who personates another; an impostor.

2. In law, one who obtains money or goods by counterfeit letters or false tokens.

Encyc.

3. That which is made in imitation of something, but without lawful authority, and with a view to defraud, by passing the false for the true. We say, the note is a counterfeit.

Counterfeited

COUN'TERFEITED, participle passive Forged; made in imitation of something, with a view to defraud; copied; imitated; feigned.

Counterfeiter

COUN'TERFEITER, noun One who counterfeits; a forger.

2. One who copies or imitates; one who assumes a false appearance.

3. One who endeavors to set off a thing in false colors.

Counterfeitly

COUN'TERFEITLY, adverb By forgery; falsely; fictitiously.

Counterferment

COUNTERFER'MENT, noun [counter and ferment.] Ferment opposed to ferment.

Addison.

Counterfesance

COUNTERFE'SANCE, noun [French contrefaisance.] The act of forging; forgery. Obs.

Counterfoil

COUN'TERFOIL, or COUN'TERSTOCK, noun That part of a tally struck in the Exchequer, which is kept by an officer in that court, the other being delivered to the person who has lent the king money on the account, and is called the stock.

Bailey.

Counterfort

COUN'TERFORT, noun [counter and fort.] A buttress, spur or pillar serving to support a wall or terrace subject to bulge.

Chambers.

Countergage

COUN'TERGAGE, noun [counter and gage.] In carpentry, a method used to measure the joints, by transferring the breadth of a mortise to the place where the tenon is to be, in order to make them fit each other.

Chambers.

Counterguard

COUN'TERGUARD, noun [counter and guard.] In fortification, a small rampart or work raised before the point of a bastion, consisting of two long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, making a salient angle, to preserve the bastion. It is sometimes of a different shape, or differently situated.

Encyc.

Counter-Influence

COUNTER-IN'FLUENCE, verb transitive To hinder by opposing influence. [Little used.]

Scott.

Counterlight

COUN'TERLIGHT, noun [counter and light.] A light opposite to any thing, which makes it appear to disadvantage.

Chambers.

Countermand

COUNTERM'AND, verb transitive [French contremander; contre and mander, Latin mando, to command.]

1. To revoke a former command; or to give an order contrary to one before given, which annuls a former command and forbids its execution; as, to countermand orders.

2. To oppose; to contradict the orders of another.

Hooker.

3. To prohibit. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Countermand

COUN'TERMAND, noun A contrary order; revocation of a former order or command.

Shak.

Countermanded

COUNTERM'ANDED, participle passive Revoked; annulled, as an order.

Countermanding

COUNTERM'ANDING, participle of the present tense Revoking a former order; giving directions contrary to a former command.

Countermarch

COUNTERM'ARCH, verb intransitive [counter and march.] To march back.

Countermarch

COUN'TERMARCH, noun A marching back; a returning.

Collier.

2. A change of the wings or face of a battalion, so as to bring the right to the left or the front into the rear.

Cyc.

3. A change of measures; alteration of conduct.

Burnet.

Countermark

COUN'TERMARK, noun [counter and mark.]

A second or third mark put on a bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may not be opened, but in the presence of all the owners.

2. The mark of the goldsmiths' company, to show the metal to be standard, added to that of the artificer.

3. An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses, that have outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their age.

4. A mark added to a medal, a long time after it has been struck, by which its several changes of value may be known.

Chambers.

Countermark

COUNTERM`ARK, verb transitive To mark the corner teeth of a horse by an artificial cavity, to disguise his age.

Farrier's Dict.

Countermine

COUN'TERMINE, noun [counter and mine.] In military affairs, a well and gallery sunk in the earth and running under ground, in search of the enemy's mine, or till it meets it, to defeat its effect.

Military Dict.

2. Means of opposition or counteraction.

Sidney.

3. A stratagem or project to frustrate any contrivance.

L'Estrange.

Countermine

COUNTERMI'NE, verb transitive To sink a well and gallery in the earth, in search of an enemy's mine, to frustrate his designs.

2. To counterwork; to frustrate by secret and opposite measures.

Counter-Motion

COUN'TER-MOTION, noun [counter and motion.] An opposite motion; a motion counteracting another.

Digby. Collier.

Counter-Movement

COUN'TER-MOVEMENT, noun A movement in opposition to another.

Countermure

COUN'TERMURE, noun [French contremur; contre and mur, Latin murus, a wall.]

A wall raised behind another, to supply its place, when a breach is made.

Countermure

COUN'TERMURE, noun To fortify with a wall behind another.

Counter-Natural

COUNTER-NAT'URAL, adjective [counter and natural.] Contrary to nature.

Harvey.

Counter-Negotiation

COUNTER-NEGOTIA'TION, noun [counter and negotiation.] Negotiation in opposition to other negotiation.

Counternoise

COUN'TERNOISE, noun [counter and noise.] A noise or sound by which another noise or sound is overpowered.

Calamy.

Counter-Opening

COUNTER-O'PENING, noun [counter and opening.] An aperture or vent on the opposite side, or in a different place.

Sharp.

Counterpace

COUN'TERPACE, noun [counter and pace.] A step or measure in opposition to another; contrary measure or attempt.

Swift.

Counterpaled

COUN'TERPALED, adjective [counter and pale.] In heraldry, is when the escutcheon is divided into twelve pales parted perfesse, the two colors being counterchanged; so that the upper and lower are of different colors.

Encyc.

Counterpane

COUN'TERPANE, noun A particular kind of coverlet for a bed. [See Counterpoint.]

2. One part of an indenture. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Counterpart

COUN'TERPART, noun [counter and part.] The correspondent part; the part that answers to another, as the two papers of a contract or indentures; a copy; a duplicate. Also, the part which fits another, as the key of a cipher.

Addison. Johnson.

2. In music, the part to be applied to another; as, the base is the counterpart to the treble.

Bailey. Encyc.

Counterpassant

COUNTERPAS'SANT, adjective [counter and passant.] In heraldry, is when two lions in a coat of arms are represented as going contrary ways.

Bailey. Encyc.

Counter-Petition

COUNTER-PETI'TION, noun A petition in opposition to another.

Clarendon;

Counterplea

COUN'TERPLEA, noun [counter and plea.]

In law, a replication to a plea, or request.

Cowel.

Counterplot

COUNTERPLOT', verb transitive [counter and plot.]

To oppose one plot to another; to attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem.

Counterplot

COUN'TERPLOT, noun A plot or artifice opposed to another.

L' Estrange.

Counterplotting

COUN'TERPLOTTING, noun A plotting in opposition to a stratagem.

Counterpoint

COUN'TERPOINT, noun [French contrepointe; Armoric contrepoentenn; contre and point.]

1. A coverlet; a cover for a bed, stitched or woven in squares; written corruptly counterpane.

2. In music, counterpoint is when the musical characters by which the notes in each part are signified, are placed in such a manner, each with respect to each, as to show how the parts answer one to another. Hence counterpoint in composition is the art of combining and modulating consonant sounds.

Encyc. Busby.

3. An opposite point.

Sandys.

Counterpoise

COUN'TERPOISE, v. t. s as z. [French contrepeser; Italian contrappesare; Spanish contrapesar; contre, contra, and peser, pesar, to weigh. See Poise.]

1. To counterbalance; to weigh against with equal weight; to be equiponderant to; to equal in weight.

The force and distance of weights counterpoising each other, ought to be reciprocal.

Digby.

The heaviness of bodies must be counterpoised by a plummet fastened about the pulley to the axis.

Wilkins.

2. To act against with equal power or effect; to balance. The wisdom of the senate may be able to counterpoise the rash impetuosity of a democratic house.

Counterpoise

COUN'TERPOISE, noun [French contrepoids; Italian contrappeso; Spanish contrapeso.]

1. Equal weight acting in opposition to something; equiponderance; a weight sufficient to balance another in the opposite scale; equal balance.

Milton.

2. Equal power or force acting in opposition; a force sufficient to balance another force; equipollence.

The second nobles are a counterpoise to the higher nobility.

Bacon.

3. In the manege, a position of the rider in which his body is duly balanced in his seat, not inclined more to one side than the other.

Encyc.

Counterpoised

COUN'TERPOISED, participle passive Balanced by an equivalent opposing weight, or by equal power.

Counterpoising

COUN'TERPOISING, participle of the present tense Balancing by equal weight in the opposite scale, or by equal power.

Counterpoison

COUN'TERPOISON, n. s as z. [counter and poison.] One poison that destroys the effect of another; an antidote; a medicine that obviates the effects of poison.

Arbuthnot.

Counterpractice

COUNTERPRAC'TICE, noun Practice in opposition to another.

Counterpressure

COUNTERPRESS'URE, noun [counter and pressure.] Opposing pressure; a force or pressure that acts in a contrary direction.

Blackmore.

Counterproject

COUN'TERPROJECT, noun [counter and project.]

A project, scheme or proposal, of one party, given in opposition to another, before given by the other party; as in the negotiation of a treaty.

Swift.

Counterproof

COUN'TERPROOF, noun [counter and proof.]

In rolling-press printing, a print taken off from another fresh printed, which, by being passed through the press, gives the figure of the former, but inverted.

Encyc.

Counterprove

COUN'TERPROVE, verb transitive [counter and prove.]

To take off a design in black lead or red chalk, by passing it through a rolling-press with another piece of paper, both being moistened with a spunge.

Chambers.

Counter-Revolution

COUNTER-REVOLU'TION, noun A revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a former state of things.

Counter-Revolutionary

COUNTER-REVOLU'TIONARY, adjective Pertaining to a counter-revolution.

Counter-Revolutionist

COUNTER-REVOLU'TIONIST, noun One engaged in or befriending a counter-revolution.

Counterroll

COUN'TERROLL, noun [counter and roll.]

In law, a counterpart or copy of the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, &c.

Bailey.

2. As a verb, this word is contracted into control, which see.

Counterrolment

COUNTERRO'LMENT, noun A counter account. [See Control.]

Counter-Saliant

COUNTER-SA'LIANT, adjective [French contre and saillir, to leap.]

In heraldry, is when two beasts are borne in a coat leaping from each other.

Bailey.

Counterscarp

COUN'TERSCARP, noun [French contrescarpe; Italian contrascarpa; Spanish contraescarpa; contre and escarpe, scarpa, escarpa, a slope, from the root of carve.]

In fortification, the exterior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus that supports the earth of the covered way; but it often signifies the whole covered way, with its parapet and glacis; as when it is said, the enemy have lodged themselves on the counterscarp.

Harris. Encyc.

Counterscuffle

COUN'TERSCUFFLE, noun Opposite scuffle; contest.

Counterseal

COUN'TERSEAL, verb transitive To seal with another.

Shak.

Counter-Secure

COUNTER-SECU'RE, verb transitive [counter and secure.] To secure one who has given security.

Counter-Security

COUNTER-SECU'RITY, noun Security given to one who has entered into bonds or become surety for another.

Bailey.

Countersense

COUN'TERSENSE, noun Opposite meaning.

Howell.

Countersign

COUN'TERSIGN, verb transitive [counter and sign.]

Literally, to sign on the opposite side of an instrument or writing; hence, to sign, as secretary or other subordinate officer, a writing signed by a principal or superior, to attest the authenticity of the writing. Thus charters signed by a king are countersigned by a secretary. Bank notes signed by the president are countersigned by the cashier.

Countersign

COUN'TERSIGN, noun A private signal, word or phrase, given to soldiers on guard, with orders to let no man pass unless he first names that sign; a military watchword. Advance and give the countersign.

Countersignal

COUN'TERSIGNAL, noun A signal to answer or correspond to another; a naval term.

Counter-Signature

COUNTER-SIG'NATURE, noun The name of a secretary or other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writing.

Below the Imperial name is commonly a countersignature of one of the cabinet ministers.

Tooke.

Countersigned

COUN'TERSIGNED, participle passive Signed by a secretary or other subordinate officer.

Countersigning

COUN'TERSIGNING, participle of the present tense Attesting by the signature of a subordinate officer.

Counterstatute

COUNTERSTAT'UTE, noun A contrary statute, or ordinance.

Milton.

Counterstroke

COUN'TERSTROKE, noun A contrary stroke; a stroke returned.

Spenser.

Counter-Surety

COUNTER-SU'RETY, noun A counterbond, or a surety to secure one that has given security.

Countersway

COUN'TERSWAY, noun Contrary sway; opposite influence.

Milton.

Countertally

COUN'TERTALLY, noun A tally corresponding to another.

Countertaste

COUN'TERTASTE, noun [counter and taste.] Opposite or false taste.

Shenstone.

Countertenor

COUNTERTEN'OR, or COUN'TER, noun [counter and tenor.] In music, one of the middle parts, between the tenor and the treble; high tenor.

Countertide

COUN'TERTIDE, noun [counter and tide.] Contrary tide.

Dryden.

Countertime

COUN'TERTIME, noun [counter and time.] In the manege, the defense or resistance of a horse that interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman or the bad temper of the horse.

Encyc.

2. Resistance; opposition.

Dryden.

Counterturn

COUN'TERTURN, noun The highth of a play, which puts an end to expectation.

Dryden.

Countervail

COUNTERVA'IL, verb transitive [counter and Latin valeo, to avail or be strong.]

To act against with equal force, or power; to equal; to act with equivalent effect against any thing; to balance; to compensate.

The profit will hardly countervail the inconveniences.

Although the enemy could not countervail the king's damage. Esther 7.

Countervail

COUN'TERVAIL, noun Equal weight or strength; power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal weight or value; compensation; requital.

Spenser. South.

Countervailed

COUNTERVA'ILED, participle passive Acted against with equal force or power; balanced; compensated.

Countervailing

COUNTERVA'ILING, participle of the present tense Opposing with equal strength or value; balancing; obviating an effect.

Counterview

COUN'TERVIEW, noun [counter and view.] An opposite or opposing view; opposition; a posture in which two persons front each other.

Milton.

2. Contrast; a position in which two dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition.

Swift.

Countervote

COUN'TERVOTE, verb transitive To vote in opposition; to outvote.

Scott.

Counterweigh

COUN'TERWEIGH, verb transitive [See Weigh.] To weigh against; to counterbalance.

Ascham.

Counterwheel

COUN'TERWHEEL, verb transitive To cause to wheel in an opposite direction.

Counterwind

COUN'TERWIND, noun Contrary wind.

Counterwork

COUNTERWORK', [See Work.] To work in opposition to; to counteract; to hinder any effect by contrary operations.

That counterworks each folly and caprice.

Pope.

Counterwrought

COUNTERWROUGHT, pp. counterraut'. Counteracted; opposed by contrary action.

Countess

COUNT'ESS, noun [French comtesse; Italian contessa; Spanish condesa. See Count.] The consort of an earl or count.

Counting-House

COUNT'ING-HOUSE, or COUNT'ING-ROOM, noun [See Count, the verb.]

The house or room appropriated by merchants, traders and manufacturers to the business of keeping their books, accounts, letters and papers.

Countless

COUNT'LESS, adjective [count and less.] That cannot be counted; not having the number ascertained, nor ascertainable; innumerable. The sands of the sea-shore are countless.

Country

COUN'TRY, n. kun'try. [The correct orthography would be contry, French contrÃƒ-©e, Italian contrada, contracted from Latin conterra, con and terra, land adjacent to a city. Hence the citizen says, let us go into the country. The Latin has conterraneus, a countryman.]

1. Properly, the land lying about or near a city; the territory situated in the vicinity of a city. Our friend has a seat in the country, a few miles from town. See Mark 5. Luke 8. Hence,

2. The whole territory of a kingdom or state, as opposed to city. We say, the gentleman has a seat in the country, at any distance from town indefinitely. Hence,

3. Any tract of land, or inhabited land; any region, as distinguished from other regions; a kingdom, state or lesser district. We speak of all the countries of Europe or Asia.

And they came into the country of Moab. Ruth 1.

4. The kingdom, state or territory in which one is born; the land of nativity; or the particular district indefinitely in which one is born. America is my country, or Connecticut is my country.

Laban said, it must not be so done in our country. Genesis 29.

5. The region in which one resides.

He sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country. Hebrews 11.

6. Land, as opposed to water; or inhabited territory.

The shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country. Acts 27.

5. The inhabitants of a region.

All the country wept with a loud voice. 2 Samuel 15.

8. A place of residence; a region of permanent habitation.

They declare plainly that they seek a country. Hebrews 11.

They desire a better country, a heavenly. Hebrews 11.

9. In law, a jury or jurors; as, trial by the country, per pais.

Country

COUN'TRY, adjective Pertaining to the country or territory at a distance from a city; rural; rustic; as a country town; a country seat; a country squire; a country life; the country party, as opposed to city party.

2. Pertaining or peculiar to one's own country.

He spoke in his country language.

Maccabees.

3. Rude; ignorant.

Dryden.

Country-dance, an erroneous orthography. [See Contra-dance.]

Countryman

COUN'TRYMAN, noun One born in the same country with another. This man is my countryman. [See 2 Corinthians 11:26.]

2. One who dwells in the country, as opposed to a citizen; a rustic; a farmer or husbandman; a man of plain unpolished manners.

3. An inhabitant or native of a region. What countryman is he?

County

COUN'TY, noun [French comtÃƒ-©; Spanish condado; Italian contÃƒ-©a; Latin comitatus. See Count.]

1. Originally, an earldom; the district or territory of a count or earl. Now, a circuit or particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the administration of justice. It is called also a shire. [See Shire.] Each county has its sheriff and its court, with other officers employed in the administration of justice and the execution of the laws. In England there are fifty two counties, and in each is a Lord Lieutenant, who has command of the militia. The several states of America are divided by law into counties, in each of which is a county court of inferior jurisdiction; and in each, the supreme court of the state holds stated sessions.

2. A count; an earl or lord. Obs.

Shak.

County court, the court whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, whose powers, in America, depend on statutes. In England, it is incident to the jurisdiction of the sheriff.

County palatine, in England, is a county distinguished by particular privileges; so called a palatio, the palace, because the owner had originally royal powers, or the same powers in the administration of justice, as the king had in his palace; but their powers are now abridged. The counties palatine, in England, are Lancaster, Chester and Durham.

County corporate, is a county invested with particular privileges by charter or royal grant; as London, York, Bristol, &c.

County

COUN'TY, adjective Pertaining to a county; as county court.

Coupee

COUPEE', noun [French couper, to cut.] A motion in dancing, when one leg is a little bent and suspended from the ground, and with the other a motion is made forward.

Chambers.

Couple

COUP'LE, n. kup'pl. [French couple; Latin copula; Italian Spanish id.; Armoric couble; Dutch koppel; German kuppel; Swedish koppel; Danish kobbel; Hebrew; Chaldee id. and to double or fold; Syriacid.; Samaritan to shut.]

1. Two of the same species or kind, and near in place, or considered together; as a couple of men; a couple of oranges. I have planted a couple of cherry trees. We cannot call a horse and an ox a couple, unless we add a generic term. Of a horse and ox feeding in a pasture, we should say, a couple of animals. Among huntsmen and soldiers, brace is used for couple; as a brace of ducks; a brace of pistols. Couple differs from pair, which implies strictly, not only things of the same kind, but likeness, equality or customary association. A pair is a couple; but a couple may or may not be a pair.

2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together.

3. A male and a female connected by marriage, betrothed or allied; as a married couple; a young couple.

4. That which links or connects two things together; a chain.

Couple

COUP'LE, verb transitive [French coupler; Latin copulo; Spanish copular; Italian copulare.]

1. To link, chain or connect one thing with another; to sew or fasten together.

Thou shalt couple the curtains with taches. Exodus 26.

2. To marry; to wed; to unite, as husband and wife.

Swift.

Couple

COUP'LE, verb intransitive To embrace, as the sexes.

Dryden.

Coupled

COUP'LED, participle passive United, as two things; linked; married.

Couplement

COUP'LEMENT, noun Union.

Spenser.

Couplet

COUP'LET, n. cup'plet. [French] Two verses; a pair of rhymes.

2. A division of a hymn or ode in which an equal number or equal measure of verses is found in each part, called a strophe.

3. A pair; as a couplet of doves. [Not used.]

Shak.

Coupling

COUP'LING, participle of the present tense Uniting in couples; fastening or connecting together; embracing.

Coupling

COUP'LING, noun That which couples or connects. 2 Chronicles 34.

2. The act of coupling.

Courage

COUR'AGE, n. kur'rage. [French from coeur, Latin cor, the heart; Armoric couraich; Spanish corage; Port, coragem; Italian coraggio.]

Bravery; intrepidity; that quality of mind which enables men to encounter danger and difficulties with firmness, or without fear or depression of spirits; valor; boldness; resolution. It is a constituent part of fortitude; but fortitude implies patience to bear continued suffering.

Courage that grows from constitution, often forsakes a man when he has occasion for it; courage which arises from a sense of duty, acts in a uniform manner.

Addison.

Be strong, and of good courage. Deuteronomy 31.

Courageous

COURA'GEOUS, adjective Brave; bold; daring; intrepid; hardy to encounter difficulties and dangers; adventurous; enterprising.

Be thou strong and courageous. Joshua 1.

Courageously

COURA'GEOUSLY, adverb With courage; bravely; boldly; stoutly.

Courageousness

COURA'GEOUSNESS, noun Courage; boldness; bravery; intrepidity; spirit; valor.

Courant

COURANT', or COURAN'TO, noun [French courante, running.] A piece of music in triple time; also, a kind of dance, consisting of a time, a step, a balance and a coupee.

Encyc.

2. The title of a newspaper.

Courap

COURAP', noun A distemper in the East Indies; a kind of herpes or itch in the armpits, groin, breast and face.

Encyc.

Courb

COURB, verb intransitive [French courber.] To bend. [Not in use.]

Courb

COURB, adjective Crooked. [Not in use.]

Courbaril

COURBARIL, noun Gum anime, which flows from the Hymenaea, a tree of South America; used for varnishing.

Fourcroy.

Courier

COUR'IER, noun [French courier, from courir, to run, Latin curro.]

A messenger sent express, for conveying letters or dispatches on public business.

Course

COURSE, noun [French course; Spanish curso; Italian corso; Irish cursa; from Latin cursus, from curro, to run, Welsh gyru, hurry. See Class Greek No. 7. 15. 32. 34.]

1. In its general sense, a passing; a moving, or motion forward, in a direct or curving line; applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid.

Applied to animals, a running, or walking; a race; a career; a passing, or passage, with any degree of swiftness indefinitely.

Applied to fluids, a flowing, as in a stream in any direction; as a straight course, or winding course. It is applied to water or other liquids, to air or wind, and to light, in the sense of motion or passing.

Applied to solid bodies, it signifies motion or passing; as the course of a rolling stone; the course of a carriage; the course of the earth in its orbit.

Applied to navigation, it signifies a passing or motion on water, or in balloons in air; a voyage.

2. The direction of motion; line of advancing; point of compass, in which motion is directed; as, what course shall the pilot steer? In technical language, the angle contained between the nearest meridian and that point of compass on which a ship sails in any direction.

Mar. Dict.

3. Ground on which a race is run.

4. A passing or process; the progress of any thing; as the course of an argument, or of a debate; a course of thought or reflexion.

5. Order of proceeding or of passing from an ancestor to an heir; as the course of descent in inheritance.

6. Order; turn; class; succession of one to another in office, or duty.

The chief fathers of every course. 1 Chronicles 27.

Solomon appointed the courses of the priests. 2 Chronicles 8.

7. Stated and orderly method of proceeding; usual manner. He obtained redress in due course of law. Leave nature to her course.

8. Series of successive and methodical procedure; a train of acts, or applications; as a course of medicine administered.

9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or sciences; a systemized order of principles in arts or sciences, for illustration or instruction. We say, the author has completed a course of principles or of lectures in philosophy. Also, the order pursued by a student; as, he has completed a course of studies in law or physics.

10. Manner of proceeding; way of life or conduct; deportment; series of actions.

That I might finish my course with joy. Acts 20.

Their course is evil. Jeremiah 23.

11. Line of conduct; manner of proceeding; as, we know not what course to pursue.

12. Natural bent; propensity; uncontrolled will. Let not a perverse child take his own course.

13. Tilt; act of running in the lists.

14. Orderly structure; system.

The tongue setteth on fire the course of nature. James 3.

15. Any regular series. In architecture, a continued range of stones, level or of the same highth, throughout the whole length of the building, and not interrupted by any aperture. A laying of bricks, &c.

16. The dishes set on table at one time; service of meat.

17. Regularity; order; regular succession; as, let the classes follow in course.

18. Empty form; as, compliments are often words of course.

Of course, by consequence; in regular or natural order; in the common manner of proceeding; without special direction or provision. This effect will follow of course. If the defendant resides not in the state, the cause is continued of course.

Courses

COURSES, n. plu. In a ship, the principal sails, as the main sail, fore sail, and mizen; sometimes the name is given to the stay sails on the lower masts; also to the main stay sails of all brigs and schooners.

Mar. Dict.

2. Catamenia; menstrual flux.

Course

COURSE, verb transitive To hunt; to pursue; to chase.

We coursed him at the heels.

Shak.

2. To cause to run; to force to move with speed.

May.

3. To run through or over.

The blood courses the winding arteries.

The bounding steed courses the dusty plain.

Course

COURSE, verb intransitive To run; to move with speed; to run or move about; as, the blood courses.

Shak.

The grayhounds coursed through the fields.

Coursed

COURSED, participle passive Hunted; chased; pursued; caused to run.

Courser

COURSER, noun A swift horse; a runner; a war-horse; a word used chiefly in poetry.

Dryden. Pope.

2. One who hunts; one who pursues the sport of coursing hares.

Johnson.

3. A disputant. [Not in use.]

Wood.

Coursey

COURSEY, noun Part of the hatches in a galley.

Sherwood.

Coursing

COURSING, participle of the present tense Hunting; chasing; running; flowing; compelling to run.

Coursing

COURSING, noun The act or sport of chasing and hunting hares, foxes or deer.

Court

COURT, noun [Saxon curt; French cour; Armoric court; Italian corte; Spanish corte; Portugese corte; Latin curia; Irish cuirt. The primary sense and application are not perfectly obvious. Most probably the word is from a verb which signifies to go round, to collect. Welsh cwr, a circle; Arabic to go round, to collect, to bind.

Hence applied to a yard or inclosure. See Class Greek No. 32. 34. It may possibly be allied to yard, Gothic gards; or it may be derived from a verb signifying to cut off or separate, and primarily signify the fence that cuts off or excludes access. The former is most probable.]

1. A place in front of a house, inclosed by a wall or fence; in popular language, a court-yard.

Bacon. Dryden.

2. A space inclosed by houses, broader than a street; or a space forming a kind of recess from a public street.

3. A palace; the place of residence of a king or sovereign prince.

Europe.

4. The hall, chamber or place where justice is administered.

St. Paul was brought into the highest court in Athens.

Atterbury.

5. Persons who compose the retinue or council of a king or emperor.

Temple.

6. The persons or judges assembled for hearing and deciding causes, civil, criminal, military, naval or ecclesiastical; as a court of law; a court of chancery; a court martial; a court of admiralty; an ecclesiastical court; court baron; &c. Hence,

7. Any jurisdiction, civil, military or ecclesiastical.

8. The art of pleasing; the art of insinuation; civility; flattery; address to gain favor. Hence the phrase, to make court, to attempt to please by flattery and address.

9. In scripture, an inclosed part of the entrance into a palace or house. The tabernacle had one court; the temple, three. The first was the court of the Gentiles; the second, the court of Israel, in which the people worshiped; the third was the court of the priests, where the priests and Levites exercised their ministry. Hence places of public worship are called the courts of the Lord.

10. In the U. States, a legislature consisting of two houses; as the General Court of Massachusetts. The original constitution of Connecticut established a General Court in 1639.

B. Trumbull.

11. A session of the legislature.

Court

COURT, verb transitive In a general sense, to flatter; to endeavor to please by civilities and address; a use of the word derived from the manners of a court.

2. To woo; to solicit for marriage.

A thousand court you, though they court in vain.

Pope.

3. To attempt to gain by address; to solicit; to seek; as, to court commendation or applause.

Court-Baron

COURT-BAR'ON, noun A baron's court; a court incident to a manor.

Blackstone.

Court-Bred

COURT-BRED, adjective [See Breed.] Bred at court.

Churchill.

Court-Breeding

COURT-BREEDING, noun Education at a court.

Milton.

Court-Bubble

COURT-BUBBLE, noun The trifle of a court.

Beaum.

Court-Chaplain

COURT-CHAPLAIN, noun A chaplain to a king or prince.

Court-Cupboard

COURT-CUP'BOARD, noun The sideboard of ancient days.

Shak.

Court-Day

COURT-DAY, noun A day in which a court sits to administer justice.

Court-Dress

COURT-DRESS, noun A dress suitable for an appearance at court or levee.

Court-Dresser

COURT-DRESSER, noun A flatterer.

Locke.

Court-Fashion

COURT-FASHION, noun The fashion of a court.

Fuller.

Court-Favor

COURT-FAVOR, noun A favor or benefit bestowed by a court or prince.

L'Estrange.

Court-Hand

COURT-HAND, noun The hand or manner of writing used in records and judicial proceedings.

Shak.

Court-House

COURT-HOUSE, noun A house in which established courts are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public meetings.

America.

Court-Lady

COURT-LADY, noun A lady who attends or is conversant in court.

Court-Leet

COURT-LEET, noun A court of record held once a year, in a particular hundred, lordship or manor, before the steward of the leet.

Blackstone.

Court-Martial

COURT-M`ARTIAL, noun A court consisting of military or naval officers, for the trial of offences of a military character.

Courted

COURTED, participle passive Flattered; wooed; solicited in marriage; sought.

Courteous

COURT'EOUS, a. kurt'eous. [from court; French courtois; Italian cortese; Spanish cortes.]

1. Polite; wellbred; being of elegant manners; civil; obliging; condescending; applied to persons.

2. Polite; civil; graceful; elegant; complaisant; applied to manners, &c.

Courteously

COURT'EOUSLY, adverb In a courteous manner; with obliging civility and condescension; complaisantly.

Courteousness

COURT'EOUSNESS, noun Civility of manners; obliging condescension; complaisance.

Courter

COURTER, noun One who courts; one who solicits in marriage.

Sherwood.

Courtesan

COURT'ESAN, n. kurt'ezan. [French courtisane; Spanish cortesana; from court.]

A prostitute; a woman who prostitutes herself for hire, especially to men of rank.

Courtesy

COURT'ESY, n. kurt'esy. [French courtoisie; Spanish Italian cortesia; Portugese cortezia; from French courtois, Spanish cortes, courteous, from court.]

1. Elegance or politeness of manners; especially, politeness connected with kindness; civility; complaisance; as, the gentleman shows great courtesy to strangers; he treats his friends with great courtesy.

2. An act of civility or respect; an act of kindness or favor performed with politeness.

Shak. Bacon.

3. The act of civility, respect or reverence, performed by a woman; a fall or inclination of the body, corresponding in design to the bow of a gentleman.

Dryden.

4. A favor; as, to hold upon courtesy, that is, not of right, but by indulgence.

Tenure by courtesy or curtesy, is where a man marries a woman seized of an estate of inheritance, and has by her issue born alive, which was capable of inheriting her estate; in this case, on the death of his wife, he holds the lands for his life, as tenant by curtesy.

Blackstone.

Courtesy

COURT'ESY, verb intransitive To perform an act of civility, respect or reverence, as a woman. Note. This word was formerly applied to the other sex; but is now used only of the acts of reverence or civility, performed by women.

Courtesy

COURT'ESY, verb transitive To treat with civility. [Not in use.]

Courtier

COURTIER, n. ko'rtyur. [from court.] A man who attends or frequents the courts of princes.

Bacon. Dryden.

2. One who courts or solicits the favor of another; one who flatters to please; one who possesses the art of gaining favor by address and complaisance.

There was not among all our princes a greater courtier of the people than Richard III. Suckling.

Courtiery

COURTIERY, noun The manners of a courtier. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Courting

COURTING, participle of the present tense Flattering; attempting to gain by address; wooing; soliciting in marriage.

Courtlike

COURTLIKE, adjective Polite; elegant.

Camden.

Courtliness

COURTLINESS, noun [See Courtly.] Elegance of manners; grace of mien; civility; complaisance with dignity.

Digby.

Courtling

COURTLING, noun A courtier; a retainer to a court.

B. Jonson.

Courtly

COURTLY, adjective [court and like.] Relating to a court; elegant; polite with dignity; applied to men and manners; flattering, applied to language.

Pope.

Courtly

COURTLY, adverb In the manner of courts; elegantly; in a flattering manner.

Courtship

COURTSHIP, noun The act of soliciting favor.

Swift.

2. The act of wooing in love; solicitation of a woman to marriage.

Dryden.

3. Civility; elegance of manners. Obs.

Donne.

Cousin

COUSIN, n. kuz'n. [French cousin. Qu. contracted from Latin consobrinus or consanguineus, or is it allied to the Persian related, kindred.]

1. In a general sense, one collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister. But,

2. Appropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt; the children of brothers and sisters being usually denominated cousins or cousin-germans. In the second generation, they are called second cousins.

3. A title given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council.

Johnson.

Cousin

COUSIN, a. kuz'n. Allied. Obs.

Chaucer.

Cove

COVE, noun [Saxon cof, cofe, an inner room, a den. Qu. Obs. Latin covum. The Spanish has the word with the Arabic prefix, alcoba, an alcove; Portugese alcova; Italian alcovo. It may be allied to cubby, Welsh cwb, a hollow place, a cote or kennel; or to cave, Arabic to arch, or to make hollow.]

A small inlet, creek or bay; a recess in the sea shore, where vessels and boats may sometimes be sheltered from the winds and waves.

Cove

COVE, verb transitive To arch over; as a coved ceiling.

Swinburne.

Covenable

CO'VENABLE, adjective [Old French] Fit; suitable. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Covenant

COV'ENANT, noun [French convenant, the participle of convenir, to agree, Latin convenio, con and venio, to come; Norm. conevence, a covenant; Italian convenzione, from Latin conventio. Literally, a coming together; a meeting or agreement of minds.]

1. A mutual consent or agreement of two or more persons, to do or to forbear some act or thing; a contract; stipulation. A covenant is created by deed in writing, sealed and executed; or it may be implied in the contract.

Encyc. Blackstone.

2. A writing containing the terms of agreement or contract between parties; or the clause of agreement in a deed containing the covenant.

3. In theology, the covenant of works, is that implied in the commands, prohibitions, and promises of God; the promise of God to man, that man's perfect obedience should entitle him to happiness. This do, and live; that do, and die.

The covenant of redemption, is the mutual agreement between the Father and Son, respecting the redemption of sinners by Christ.

The covenant of grace, is that by which God engages to bestow salvation on man, upon the condition that man shall believe in Christ and yield obedience to the terms of the gospel.

Cruden. Encyc.

4. In church affairs, a solemn agreement between the members of a church, that they will walk together according to the precepts of the gospel, in brotherly affection.

Covenant

COV'ENANT, verb intransitive To enter into a formal agreement; to stipulate; to bind one's self by contract. A covenants with B to convey to him a certain estate. When the terms are expressed, it has for before the thing or price.

They covenanted with him for thirty pieces of silver. Matthew 26.

Covenant

COV'ENANT, verb transitive To grant or promise by covenant.

Covenanted

COV'ENANTED, participle passive Pledged or promised by covenant.

Covenantee

COVENANTEE', noun The person to whom a covenant is made.

Blackstone.

Covenanting

COV'ENANTING, participle of the present tense Making a covenant; stipulating.

Covenanter

COV'ENANTER, noun He who makes a covenant.

Blackstone.

Covenous

CO'VENOUS, or CO'VINOUS, adjective [See Covin.] Collusive; fraudulent; deceitful; as a covenous lease of lands.

Bacon.

Cover

COV'ER, verb transitive [French couvrir; Spanish Portugese cubrir; Italian coprire; Norm. coverer and converer; from Latin cooperio.]

1. To overspread the surface of a thing with another substance; to lay or set over; as, to cover a table with a cloth, or a floor with a carpet.

The valleys are covered with corn. Psalm 65. The locusts shall cover the face of the earth. Exodus 10.

2. To hide; to conceal by something overspread.

If I say, surely the darkness shall cover meÃ‚--Psalm 139.

3. To conceal by some intervening object; as, the enemy was covered from our sight by a forest.

4. To clothe; as, to cover with a robe or mantle; to cover nakedness. 1 Samuel 28:14. Exodus 28:42.

5. To overwhelm.

The waters covered the chariots and horsemen. Exodus 14.

Let them be covered with reproach. Psalm 71.

6. To conceal from notice or punishment.

Charity shall cover the multitude of sins. 1 Peter 4.

7. To conceal; to refrain from disclosing or confessing.

He that covereth his sin shall not prosper. Proverbs 28.

8. To pardon or remit.

Blessed is he whose sin is covered. Psalm 32.

9. To vail, applied to women. 1 Corinthians 11.

To wear a hat, applied to men. Be covered, sir.

10. To wrap, infold or envelop; as, to cover a package of goods.

11. To shelter; to protect; to defend. A squadron of horse covered the troops on the retreat.

And the soft wings of peace cover him around.

Cowley.

12. To brood; to incubate; as, a hen covering her eggs.

Addison.

13. To copulate with a female.

14. To equal, or be of equal extent; to be equivalent to; as, the receipts do not cover the expenses; a mercantile use of the word.

15. To disguise; to conceal hypocritically.

16. To include, embrace or comprehend. This land was covered by a mortgage.

Johnson's Rep.

Cover

COV'ER, noun Any thing which is laid, set or spread over another thing; as the cover of a vessel; the cover of a bed.

2. Any thing which vails or conceals; a screen; disguise; superficial appearance. Affected gravity may serve as a cover for a deceitful heart.

3. Shelter; defense; protection. The troops fought under cover of the batteries.

4. Concealment and protection. The army advanced under cover of the night.

5. Shelter; retreat; in hunting.

Coverchief

COV'ERCHIEF, noun A covering for the head. Obs.

Chaucer.

Covercle

COV'ERCLE, noun [French] A small cover; a lid.

Covered

COV'ERED, participle passive Spread over; hid; concealed; clothed; vailed; having a hat on; wrapped; inclosed; sheltered; protected; disguised.

Covering

COV'ERING, participle of the present tense Spreading over; laying over; concealing; vailing; clothing; wrapping; inclosing; protecting; disguising.

Covering

COV'ERING, noun That which covers; any thing spread or laid over another, whether for security or concealment.

Noah removed the covering of the ark. Genesis 8.

He spread a cloud for a covering. Psalm 105. Destruction hath no covering. Job 26.

2. A cover; a lid.

Every open vessel that hath no covering. Numbers 19.

3. Clothing; raiment; garments; dress.

They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no covering in the cold. Job 24.

Coverlet

COV'ERLET, noun [cover, and French lit, a bed.] The cover of a bed; a piece of furniture designed to be spread over all the other covering of a bed.

Dryden.

Cover-Shame

COV'ER-SHAME, noun Something used to conceal infamy.

Dryden.

Covert

COV'ERT, adjective [French couvert, participle of couvrir, to cover.]

1. Covered; hid; private; secret; concealed.

Whether of open war, or covert guile.

Milton.

2. Disguised; insidious.

3. Sheltered; not open or exposed; as a covert alley, or place.

Bacon. Pope.

4. Under cover, authority or protection; as a feme-covert, a married woman who is considered as being under the influence and protection of her husband.

Covert

COV'ERT, noun A covering, or covering place; a place which covers and shelters; a shelter; a defense.

A tabernacleÃ‚--for a covert from storm and rain. Isaiah 4.

I will trust in the covert of thy wings. Psalm 61.

2. A thicket; a shady place, or a hiding place. 1 Samuel 25. Job 38.

Covertly

COV'ERTLY, adverb Secretly; closely; in private; insidiously.

Among the poets, Persius covertly strikes at Nero.

Dryden.

Covertness

COV'ERTNESS, noun Secrecy; privacy.

Coverture

COV'ERTURE, noun Covering; shelter; defense.

Milton. Bacon.

2. In law, the state of a married woman, who is considered as under cover, or the power of her husband, and therefore called a feme-covert, or femme-couvert. The coverture of a woman disables her from making contracts to the prejudice of herself or husband, without his allowance or confirmation.

Covert-Way

COV'ERT-WAY, noun In fortification, a space of ground level with the field, on the edge of the ditch, three or four fathoms broad, ranging quite round the half moons or other works, towards the country. It has a parapet raised on a level, together with its banquets and glacis. It is called also the corridor, and sometimes the counterscarp, because it is on the edge of the scarp.

Harris. Encyc.

Covet

COV'ET, verb transitive [French convoiter, to covet; Norm. coveitant, covetous; covetise, greediness; Welsh cybyz, a covetous man; cybyzu, to covet. The Welsh word is pronounced cybythu; and cy has the power of con, and may be a contraction of it. The last constituent part of the word coincides in elements with the Latin peto, and more nearly with the Greek, to desire.]

1. To desire or wish for, with eagerness; to desire earnestly to obtain or possess; in a good sense.

Covet earnestly the best gifts. 1 Corinthians 12.

2. To desire inordinately; to desire that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess; in a bad sense.

Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, wife or servant. Exodus 20.

Covet

COV'ET, verb intransitive To have an earnest desire. 1 Timothy 6.

Covetable

COV'ETABLE, adjective That may be coveted.

Coveted

COV'ETED, participle passive Earnestly desired; greatly wished or longed for.

Coveting

COV'ETING, participle of the present tense Earnestly desiring or wishing for; desiring inordinately to obtain or possess.

Coveting

COV'ETING, noun Inordinate desire.

Shak.

Covetise

COV'ETISE, noun Avarice. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Covetous

COV'ETOUS, adjective [French convoiteux.] Very desirous; eager to obtain; in a good sense; as covetous of wisdom, virtue or learning.

Taylor. Shak.

2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and possess; directed to money or goods, avaricious.

A bishop then must not be covetous. 1 Timothy 3.

Covetously

COV'ETOUSLY, adverb With a strong or inordinate desire to obtain and possess; eagerly; avariciously.

Covetousness

COV'ETOUSNESS, noun A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing some supposed good; usually in a bad sense, and applied to an inordinate desire of wealth or avarice.

Out of the heart proceedeth covetousness. Mark 7.

Mortify your membersÃ‚--and covetousness which is idolatry. Colossians 3.

2. Strong desire; eagerness.

Shak.

Covey

COV'EY, noun [French couvÃƒ-©e, a brood; couver, to sit on or brood, to lurk or lie hid; Italian covare; Spanish cobijar, to brood, to cover; Latin cubo, incubo. See Class Gb. No. 14. 25. 31. 36. 88.]

1. A brood or hatch of birds; an old fowl with her brood of young. Hence, a small flock or number of fowls together; as a covey of partridges.

Addison.

2. A company; a set.

Covin

CO'VIN, noun [Qu. Arabic gabana, to defraud. More probably this word belongs to some verb in Gb. signifying to conceal, or to agree. In Norm. French covyne is a secret place or meeting.]

In law, a collusive or deceitful agreement between two or more to prejudice a third person.

Encyc. Cowel.

Coving

CO'VING, noun [See Cove.] In building, a term denoting an arch or arched projecture, as when houses are built so as to project over the ground-plot, and the turned projecture arched with timber, lathed and plastered.

Harris. Johnson.

Covinous

CO'VINOUS, adjective Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent.

Cow

COW, noun plu. cows; old plu. kine. [Saxon cu; Dutch koe; German kuh; Swedish ko; Danish koe; Latin ceva; Hindoo gaj, or gou; Pers. koh; Pahlavi, gao; Sanscrit go, a cow, and gau, an ox; godama, a cowherd.]

The female of the bovine genus of animals; a quadruped with cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food and profit to the farmer.

Sea-cow, the Manatus, a species of the Trichechus. [See Sea-cow.]

Cow

COW, verb transitive [Qu. Icelandic kufwa, or kuga, to depress.] To depress with fear; to sink the spirits or courage; to oppress with habitual timidity.

Shak.

Cow-Bane

COW'-BANE, noun [cow and bane.] A popular name of the AEthusa cynapium.

Cowhage

COW'HAGE, or COW-ITCH, noun A leguminous plant of the genus Dolichos, a native of warm climates. It has a fibrous root and an herbaceous climbing stalk, with red papilionaceous flowers, and leguminous, coriaceous pods, crooked and covered with sharp hairs, which penetrate the skin, and cause an itching.

Encyc.

Cowherd

COW'HERD, noun [See Herd.] One whose occupation is to tend cows.

Cow-House

COW'-HOUSE, noun A house or building in which cows are kept or stabled.

Mortimer.

Cow-Keeper

COW'-KEEPER, noun One whose business is to keep cows.

Broome.

Cow-Leech

COW'-LEECH, noun [See Leech.] One who professes to heal the diseases of cows.

Cow-Leeching

COW'-LEECHING, noun The act or art of healing the distempers of cows.

Mortimer.

Cow-Lick

COW'-LICK, noun A tuft of hair that appears as if licked by a cow.

Cow-Parsnep

COW'-PARSNEP, noun A plant of the genus Heracleum.

Cow-Pen

COW'-PEN, noun A pen for cows.

Cow-Pox

COW'-POX, noun The vaccine disease.

Cow-Quakes

COW'-QUAKES, noun Quaking grass, the Briza, a genus of plants.

Cowslip

COWSLIP, or COW'S-LIP, noun A plant of the genus Primula, or primrose, of several varieties. The American cowslip belongs to the genus Dodecatheon; the Jerusalem and mountain cowslip, to the genus Pulmonaria.

Cows-Lungwort

COW'S'-LUNGWORT, noun A plant of the genus Verbascum.

Cow-Weed

COW'-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Chaerophyllum, or chervil.

Cow-Wheat

COW'-WHEAT, noun A plant of the genus Melampyrum.

Coward

COW'ARD, noun [French couard; Armoric couhard; Spanish and Portugese cobarde. The original French orthography was culvert, and it has been supposed to be from culum vertere, to turn the tail. This suggestion receives countenance from the corresponding word in Italian, codardo, codardia, which would seem to be from coda, the tail; and it derives confirmation from the use of the word in heraldry. In Welsh, it is caÃƒ-§an, caÃƒ-§gi, from the same root as Latin caco.]

1. A person who wants courage to meet danger; a poltroon; a timid or pusillanimous man.

A coward does not always escape with disgrace, but sometimes loses his life.

South.

2. In heraldry, a term given to a lion borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs.

Encyc.

Coward

COW'ARD, a: Destitute of courage; timid; base; as a coward wretch.

2. Proceeding from or expressive of fear, or timidity; as coward cry; coward joy.

Shak. Prior.

Cowardice

COW'ARDICE, noun [French couardise; Spanish cobardia.] Want of courage to face danger; timidity; pusillanimity; fear of exposing one's person to danger.

Cowardice alone is loss of fame.

Dryden.

Did cowardice; did injustice ever save a sinking state.

Ames.

Cowardlike

COW'ARDLIKE, adjective Resembling a coward; mean.

Cowardliness

COW'ARDLINESS, noun Want of courage; timidity; cowardice.

Cowardly

COW'ARDLY, adjective Wanting courage to face danger; timid; timorous; fearful; pusillanimous.

Bacon.

2. Mean; base; befitting a coward; as a cowardly action.

3. Proceeding from fear of danger; as cowardly silence.

South.

Cowardly

COW'ARDLY, adverb In the manner of a coward; meanly; basely.

Knolles.

Cowardous

COW'ARDOUS, adjective Cowardly. [Not used.]

Barret.

Cowardship

COW'ARDSHIP, noun Cowardice. [Not used.]

Shak.

Cower

COW'ER, verb intransitive [Welsh cwrian, to squat, or cower; cwr, a circle; German kauern. See Class Greek No. 32. 34. 37.]

To sink by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; to stoop or sink downwards.

Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire.

Dryden.

Cower

COW'ER, verb transitive To cherish with care. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Cowish

COW'ISH, adjective Timorous; fearful; cowardly. [Little used.]

Shak.

Cowl

COWL, noun [contracted from Saxon cugle, cugele; Latin cucullus; Irish cochal; Spanish cogulla; Portugese cogula, cucula.]

1. A monk's hood, or habit, worn by the Bernardines and Benedictines. It is either white or black.

What differ more, you cry, than crown and cowl?

Pope.

2. A vessel to be carried on a pole betwixt two persons, for the conveyance of water.

Johnson.

Cowl-Staff

COWL'-STAFF, noun A staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two persons.

Suckling.

Cowled

COWL'ED, adjective Wearing a cowl; hooded; in shape of a cowl, as a cowled leaf.

Cowlike

COW'LIKE, adjective Resembling a cow.

Pope.

Co-Worker

CO-WORK'ER, noun One that works with another; a co-operator.

Cowry

COW'RY, noun A small shell, the Cyproea moneta, used for coin in Africa and the East Indies.

Coxcomb

COX'COMB, noun [cock's comb.] The top of the head.

Shak.

2. The comb resembling that of a cock, which licensed fools wore formerly in their caps.

Shak.

3. A fop; a vain showy fellow; a superficial pretender to knowledge or accomplishments.

Dryden. Pope.

4. A kind of red flower; a name given to a species of Celosia, and some other plants.

Coxcombly

COX'COMBLY, adjective Like a coxcomb. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Coxcomical

COXCOM'ICAL, adjective Foppish; vain; conceited; a low word.

Coy

COY, adjective [French coi, or coy, quiet, still, contracted probably from the Latin quietus or its root, or from cautus.]

Modest; silent; reserved; not accessible; shy; not easily condescending to familiarity.

Like Daphne she, as lovely and as coy.

Waller.

Coy

COY, verb intransitive To behave with reserve; to be silent or distant; to refrain from speech or free intercourse.

Dryden.

2. To make difficulty; to be backward or unwilling; not freely to condescend.

Shak.

3. To smooth or stroke.

Shak.

Coy

COY, for decoy, to allure. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Coyish

COY'ISH, adjective Somewhat coy, or reserved.

Coyly

COY'LY, adverb With reserve; with disinclination to familiarity.

Chapman.

Coyness

COY'NESS, noun Reserve; unwillingness to become familiar; disposition to avoid free intercourse, by silence or retirement.

When the kind nymph would coyness feign, And hides but to be found again.

Dryden.

Coystrel

COYS'TREL, noun A species of degenerate hawk.

Dryden.

Coz

COZ. A contraction of cousin.

Shak.

Cozen

COZ'EN, v. t. cuz'n. [Qu. Armoric couÃƒ-§zyein, couchiein, concheza, to cheat, or to waste and fritter away. In Russian koznodei is a cheat. Qu. chouse and cheat.]

1. To cheat; to defraud.

He that suffers a government to be abused by carelesness and neglect, does the same thing with him that corruptly sets himself to cozen it.

L'Estrange.

2. To deceive; to beguile.

Children may be cozened into a knowledge of the letters.

Locke.

Cozenage

COZ'ENAGE, noun Cheat; trick; fraud; deceit; artifice; the practice of cheating.

Dryden. Swift.

Cozened

COZ'ENED, participle passive Cheated; defrauded; beguiled.

Cozener

COZ'ENER, noun One who cheats, or defrauds.

Cozening

COZ'ENING, participle of the present tense Cheating; defrauding; beguiling.

Crab

CRAB, noun [Saxon crabba and hrefen; Swedish krabba; Danish krabbe, kroebs; Dutch krab, kreeft; German krabbe, krebs; French ecrevisse; Welsh crav, claws; cravanc, a crab; cravu, to scratch; Greek; Latin carabus. It may be allied to the Chaldee kerabh, to plow,

to grave, engrave, Latin scribo, Greek, literally, to scrape or scratch. See Class Rb. No. 30. 18. &c.]

1. A crustaceous fish, the cray-fish, Cancer, a genus containing numerous species. They have usually ten feet, two of which are furnished with claws; two eyes, pedunculated, elongated and movable. To this genus belong the lobster, the shrimp, &c.

2. A wild apple, or the tree producing it; so named from its rough taste.

3. A peevish morose person.

Johnson.

4. A wooden engine with three claws for lanching ships and heaving them into the dock.

Phillips.

5. A pillar used sometimes for the same purpose as a capstan.

Mar. Dict.

6. Cancer, a sign in the zodiac.

Crab's claws, in the materia medica, the tips of the claws of the common crab; used as absorbents.

Encyc.

Crab's eyes, in pharmacy, concretions formed in the stomach of the cray-fish. They are rounded on one side, and depressed and sinuated on the other, considerably heavy, moderately hard, and without smell. They are absorbent, discussive and diuretic.

Encyc.

Crab-lice, small insects that stick fast to the skin.

Crab

CRAB, adjective Sour; rough; austere. [Qu. crab, supra, or Latin acerbus.]

Crab-Apple

CRAB'-APPLE, noun A wild apple. [See Crab, No. 2.]

Crab-Grass

CRAB'-GRASS, noun A genus of plants, the Digitaria.

Muhlenberg.

Crab-Tree

CRAB'-TREE, noun The tree that bears crabs.

Shak.

Crab-Yaws

CRAB'-YAWS, noun The name of a disease in the West Indies, being a kind of ulcer on the soles of the feet, with hard callous lips.

Encyc.

Crabbed

CRAB'BED, adjective [from crab.] Rough; harsh; austere; sour; peevish; morose; cynical; applied to the temper.

Shak.

2. Rough; harsh; applied to things.

3. Difficult; perplexing; as a crabbed author or subject.

Dryden.

Crabbedly

CRAB'BEDLY, adverb Peevishly; roughly; morosely; with perplexity.

Johnson.

Crabbedness

CRAB'BEDNESS, noun Roughness; harshness.

2. Sourness; peevishness; asperity.

3. Difficulty; perplexity.

Crabby

CRAB'BY, adjective Difficult.

Moxon.

Craber

CRAB'ER, noun The water-rat.

Walton.

Crack

CRACK, verb transitive [French craquer; Dutch kraaken; German krachen; Danish krakker; Italian croccare; Welsh rhecain; Spanish rajar; Portugese rachar; probably from the root of break, wreck, and coinciding with the Greek,; also with creak, croak. The Welsh has also crig, a crack, from rhig, a notch. Owen. See Class Rg. No. 34.]

1. To rend, break, or burst into chinks; to break partially; to divide the parts a little from each other; as, to crack a board or a rock: or to break without an entire severance of the parts; as, to crack glass, or ice.

2. To break in pieces; as, to crack nuts.

3. To break with grief; to affect deeply; to pain; to torture; as, to crack the heart. We now use break, or rend.

Shak.

4. To open and drink; as, to crack a bottle of wine. [Low.]

5. To thrust out, or cast with smartness; as, to crack a joke.

6. To snap; to make a sharp sudden noise; as, to crack a whip.

7. To break or destroy.

8. To impair the regular exercise of the intellectual faculties; to disorder; to make crazy; as, to crack the brain.

Crack

CRACK, verb intransitive To burst; to open in chinks; as, the earth cracks by frost: or to be marred without an opening; as, glass cracks by a sudden application of heat.

2. To fall to ruin, or to be impaired.

The credit of the exchequer cracks, when little comes in and much goes out. [Not elegant.]

Dryden.

3. To utter a loud or sharp sudden sound; as, the clouds crack; the whip cracks.

Shak.

4. To boast; to brag; that is, to utter vain, pompous, blustering words; with of.

The Ethiops of their sweet complexion crack. [Not elegant.]

Shak.

Crack

CRACK, noun [Greek.] A disruption; a chinkor fissure; a narrow breach; a crevice; a partial separation of the parts of a substance, with or without an opening; as a crack in timber, in a wall, or in glass.

2. A burst of sound; a sharp or loud sound, uttered suddenly or with vehemence; the sound of any thing suddenly rent; a violent report; as the crack of a falling house; the crack of a whip.

3. Change of voice in puberty.

Shak.

4. Craziness of intellect; or a crazy person.

Addison.

5. A boast, or boaster. [Low.]

6. Breach of chastity; and a prostitute. [Low]

7. A lad; an instant. [Not used.]

Crack-Brained

CRACK-BRAINED, adjective Having intellects impaired; crazy.

Cracked

CRACK'ED, participle passive Burst or split; rent; broken; partially severed.

2. Impaired; crazy.

Cracker

CRACK'ER, noun A noisy boasting fellow.

Shak.

2. A rocket; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to explode with noise.

3. A hard biscuit.

America.

4. That which cracks any thing.

Crack-Hemp

CRACK'-HEMP, or CRACK'-ROPE, noun A wretch fated to the gallows; one who deserves to be hanged.

Shak.

Cracking

CRACK'ING, participle of the present tense Breaking or dividing partially; opening; impairing; snapping; uttering a sudden sharp or loud sound; boasting; casting jokes.

Crackle

CRACK'LE, verb intransitive [dim. of crack.] To make slight cracks; to make small abrupt noises, rapidly or frequently repeated; to decrepitate; as, burning thorns crackle.

Crackling

CRACK'LING, participle of the present tense Making slight cracks, or abrupt noises.

Crackling

CRACK'LING, noun The making of small abrupt cracks or reports, frequently repeated.

The crackling of thorns under a pot. Ecclesiastes 7.

Cracknel

CRACK'NEL, noun A hard brittle cake or biscuit. 1 Kings 14:3.

Cradle

CRA'DLE, noun [Saxon cradel; Welsh cryd, a rocking or shaking, a cradle; crydu, to shake, or tremble; crydian, crydiaw, id.; from rhyd, a moving; Irish creatham, to shake; Greek, id. and to swing;

Hebrew, to tremble or shake, to palpitate; Syriac in Ethp., to rub or scrape. Without the first letter, Welsh rhyd, Hebrew Chaldee Ethiopic to tremble, to shake. In Arabic raada, to thunder, to impress terror, to tremble; and to run hither and thither, to move one way and the other, to tremble or shake. The Arabic to thunder, coincides with the Latin rudo, to roar, and the Welsh grydiaw, to utter a rough sound, to shout, whoop or scream, grydwst, a murmur, from gryd, a shout or whoop, and this from rhyd; so that crydiaw and grydiaw are from the same root, and from this we have cry, and cry implies roughness, coinciding with the Syriac, supra, to scrape, whence grate, gride, &c. See Owen's Welsh Dictionary, and Castle's Heptaglot.]

1. A movable machine of various constructions, placed on circular pieces of board, for rocking children or infirm persons to sleep, for alleviating pain, or giving moderate exercise.

Me let the tender office long engage, To rock the cradle of reposing age.

Pope.

2. Infancy. From the cradle, is from the state of infancy; in the cradle, in a state of infancy.

3. That part of the stock of a cross-bow, where the bullet is put.

Encyc.

4. In surgery, a case in which a broken leg is laid, after being set.

Encyc.

5. In ship-building, a frame placed under the bottom of a ship for lanching. It supports the ship and slides down the timbers or passage called the ways.

Encyc.

6. A standing bedstead for wounded seamen.

Mar. Dict.

7. In engraving, an instrument, formed of steel, and resembling a chisel, with one sloping side, used in scraping mezzotintos, and preparing the plate.

Encyc.

8. In husbandry, a frame of wood, with long bending teeth, to which is fastened a sythe, for cutting and laying oats and other grain in a swath.

Cradle

CRA'DLE, verb transitive To lay in a cradle; to rock in a cradle; to compose, or quiet.

It cradles their fears to sleep.

Dutch A. Clark.

2. To nurse in infancy.

Dutch Webster.

3. To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.

Cradle

CRA'DLE, verb intransitive To lie or lodge in a cradle.

Shak.

Cradle-Clothes

CRA'DLE-CLOTHES, noun The clothes used for covering one in a cradle.

Cradled

CRA'DLED, participle passive Laid or rocked in a cradle; cut and laid with a cradle, as grain.

Cradling

CRA'DLING, participle of the present tense Laying or rocking in a cradle; cutting and laying with a cradle, as grain.

Craft

CR`AFT, noun [Saxon croeft, art, cunning, power, force; German Swedish Danish kraft, power, faculty; Welsh crev, cryv, strong; crevu, to cry, to scream, to crave; cryvau, to strengthen, to wax strong; craf, a clasp; crafu, to hold, to comprehend, to perceive; crafus, of quick perception. The primary sense is to strain or stretch. Hence, strength, skill, a crying out, holding, &c.]

1. Art; ability; dexterity; skill.

Poesy is the poet's skill or craft of makingÃ‚--

B. Jonson.

2. Cunning, art or skill, in a bad sense, or applied to bad purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity employed to effect purposes by deceit.

The chief priests and scribes sought how they might take him by craft, and put him to death. Mark 14.

3. Art; skill; dexterity in a particular manual occupation; hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual art; trade.

Ye know that by this craft we have our wealth. Acts 19.

4. All sorts of vessels employed in loading or unloading ships, as lighters, hoys, barges, scows, &c.

Small craft is a term given to small vessels of all hinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters, &c.

Craft

CR`AFT, verb intransitive To play tricks. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Craftily

CR`AFTILY, adverb [See Crafty.] With craft, cunning or guile; artfully; cunningly; with more art than honesty.

Craftiness

CR`AFTINESS, noun Artfulness; dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning; artifice; stratagem.

He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. Job 5.

Not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully. 2 Corinthians 4.

Craftsman

CR`AFTSMAN, noun An artificer; a mechanic; one skilled in a manual occupation.

Craftsmaster

CR`AFTSMASTER, noun One skilled in his craft or trade.

Crafty

CR`AFTY, adjective Cunning; artful; skilful in devising and pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking advantage of their ignorance; wily; sly; fraudulent.

He disappointeth the devices of the crafty. Job 5.

2. Artful; cunning; in a good sense, or in a laudable pursuit.

Being crafty, I caught you with guile. 2 Corinthians 12.

Crag

CRAG, noun [Welsh Scot. Irish craig; Gaelic, creag; Cornish karak; Armoric garrecq; probably Greek, from the root of, to break, like rupes, in Latin, from the root of rumpo, rupi, and crepido, from crepo. See Crack. The name is taken from breaking, Latin frango, for frago; and fragosus, and craggy, are the same word with different prefixes; ragged. The K in Cilicia, mentioned by Strabo and Pliny, retains the Celtic orthography.]

A steep rugged rock; a rough broken rock, or point of a rock.

Crag

CRAG, noun [Saxon hracca, the neck; Scot. crag, or craig; Greek. The same word probably as the preceding, from its roughness, or break. We now call it rack.]

The neck, formerly applied to the neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply it to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack of mutton.

Cragged

CRAG'GED, adjective Full of crags or broken rocks; rough; rugged; abounding with prominences, points and inequalities.

Craggedness

CRAG'GEDNESS, noun The state of abounding with crags, or broken, pointed rocks.

Cragginess

CRAG'GINESS, noun The state of being craggy.

Craggy

CRAG'GY, adjective Full of crags; abounding with broken rocks; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as the craggy side of a mountain; a craggy cliff.

Crake

CRAKE, noun A boast. [See Crack.]

Spenser.

Crake

CRAKE, noun [Qu. Greek, from.] The corn-crake, a migratory fowl, is a species of the rail, Rallus, found among grass, corn, broom or furze. Its cry is very singular, crek, crek, and is imitated by rubbing the blade of a knife on an indented bone, by which it may be decoyed into a net.

Encyc.

Crake-Berry

CRA'KE-BERRY, noun A species of Empetrum or berry-bearing heath.

Cram

CRAM, verb transitive [Saxon crammian; Swedish krama; coinciding in sense and probably in origin with ram.]

1. To press or drive, particularly in filling or thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to superfluity; as, to cram any thing into a basket or bag; to cram a room with people; to cram victuals down the throat.

2. To fill with food beyond satiety; to stuff.

Children would be more free from diseases, if they were not crammed so much by fond mothers.

Locke.

3. To thrust in by force; to crowd.

Fate has crammed us all into one lease.

Dryden.

Cram

CRAM, verb intransitive To eat greedily or beyond satiety; to stuff.

Pope.

Crambo

CRAM'BO, noun A rhyme; a play in which one person gives a word to which another finds a rhyme.

Swift.

Crammed

CRAM'MED, participle passive Stuffed; crowded; thrust in; filled with food.

Cramming

CRAM'MING, participle of the present tense Driving in; stuffing; crowding; eating beyond satiety or sufficiency.

Cramp

CRAMP, noun [Saxon hramma; Dutch kramp; German Danish Swedish krampe; Italian rampone, a cramp-iron. Qu. Irish crampa, a knot. If m is radical, this word may accord with the Celtic crom, German krumm, crooked, from shrinking, contracting. But if p is radical, this word accords with the Welsh craf, a clasp, a cramp-iron, crafu, to secure hold of, to comprehend, Irish crapadh, to shrink or contract. The sense is to strain or stretch.]

1. Spasm; the contraction of a limb, or some muscle of the body, attended with pain, and sometimes with convulsions, or numbness.

2. Restraint; confinement; that which hinders from motion or expansion.

A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind.

L'Estrange.

3. A piece of iron bent at the ends, serving to hold together pieces of timber, stones, &c.; a cramp-iron. [French crampon; Italian rampone.]

Cramp

CRAMP, verb transitive To pain or affect with spasms.

2. To confine; to restrain; to hinder from action or expansion; as, to cramp the exertions of a nation; to cramp the genius.

3. To fasten, confine or hold with a cramp or cramp-iron.

Cramp

CRAMP, adjective Difficult; knotty. [Little used.]

Goodman.

Cramped

CRAMP'ED, participle passive Affected with spasm; convulsed; confined; restrained.

Cramp-Fish

CRAMP'-FISH, noun The torpedo, or electric say, the touch of which affects a person like electricity, causing a slight shock and producing numbness, tremor, and sickness of the stomach.

Cramping

CRAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Affecting with cramp; confining.

Cramp-Iron

CRAMP'-IRON, noun An iron used for fastening things together; a cramp, which see.

Cranage

CRA'NAGE, noun [from crane. Low Latin cranagium.]

The liberty of using a crane at a wharf for raising wares from a vessel; also, the money or price paid for the use of a crane.

Cowel. Encyc.

Cranberry

CRAN'BERRY, noun [crane and berry.] A species of Vaccinium; a berry that grows on a slender, bending stalk. Its botanical name is oxycoccus, [sour berry,] and it is also called moss-berry, or moor-berry, as it grows only on peat-bogs or swampy land. The berry when ripe is red, and of the size of a small cherry or of the hawthorn berry. These berries form a sauce of exquisite flavor, and are used for tarts. The cranberry of the United States is a distinct species, the V. macrocarpon. [The common pronunciation, cramberry, is erroneous.]

Crane

CRANE, noun [Saxon cran; German krahn; Dutch kraan; Swedish kran, or trana; Danish krane, or trane; Welsh garan; Cornish krana; Armoric garan; Greek, whence geranium, the plant, crane's-bill. The word in Welsh signifies a shank or shaft, a crane or heron. This fowl then may be named from its long legs. Qu. to shoot.]

1. A migratory fowl of the genus Ardea, belonging to the grallic order. The bill is straight, sharp and long, with a furrow from the nostrils towards the point; the nostrils are linear, and the feet have four toes. These fowls have long legs, and a long neck, being destined to wade and seek their food among grass and reeds in marshy grounds. The common crane is about four feet in length, of a slender body, with ash-coloured feathers.

2. A machine for raising great weights, consisting of a horizontal arm, or piece of timber, projecting from a post, and furnished with a tackle or pulley.

3. A siphon, or crooked pipe for drawing liquors out of a cask.

Cranes-Bill

CRA'NE'S-BILL, noun The plant Geranium, of many species; so named from an appendage of the seed-vessel, which resembles the beak of a crane or stork. Some of the species have beautiful flowers and a fragrant scent, and several of them are valued for their astringent properties. [See Crane.]

Encyc.

2. A pair of pinchers used by surgeons.

Crane-Fly

CRA'NE-FLY, noun An insect of the genus Tipula, of many species. The mouth is a prolongation of the head; the upper jaw is arched; the palpi are two, curved and longer than the head; the proboscis is short.

Encyc.

Craniognomy

CRANIOG'NOMY, noun [Greek, the skull, and, knowledge.]

The knowledge of the cranium or skull; the science of the expression of human temper, disposition and talents.

Good.

Craniological

CRANIOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to craniology.

Craniologist

CRANIOL'OGIST, noun One who treats of craniology, or one who is versed in the science of the cranium.

Craniology

CRANIOL'OGY, noun [Greek, the skull, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on the craninm or skull; or the science which investigates the structure and uses of the skulls in various animals, particularly in relation to their specific character and intellectual powers.

Ed. Encyc.

Craniometer

CRANIOM'ETER, noun [, the skull, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring the skulls of animals.

Craniometrical

CRANIOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to craniometry.

Craniometry

CRANIOM'ETRY, noun The art of measuring the cranium, or skulls, of animals, for discovering their specific differences.

Cranioscopy

CRANIOS'COPY, noun [, supra, and, to view.]

The science of the eminences produced in the cranium by the brain, intended to discover the particular part of the brain in which reside the organs which influence particular passions or faculties.

Ed. Encyc.

Cranium

CRA'NIUM, noun [Latin from Greek.] The skull of an animal; the assemblage of bones which inclose the brain.

Crank

CRANK, noun [This word probably belongs to the root of cringe, krinkle, to bend. Dutch krinkel, a curl; kronkel, a bend or winding; and krank, weak, is probably from bending; Irish freanc, to make crooked. Qu., or the root of crook.]

1. Literally, a bend or turn. Hence, an iron axis with the end bent like an elbow, for moving a piston, the saw in a saw-mill, &c., and causing it to rise and fall at every turn.

2. Any bend, turn or winding.

Shak.

3. A twisting or turning in speech; a conceit which consists in a change of the form or meaning of a word.

Quips and cranks, and wanton wiles.

Milton.

4. An iron brace for various purposes.

Mar. Dict.

Crank

CRANK, adjective [Dutch krank; German id., weak; Swedish kr?ncka, to afflict; Danish kroenker, id., or kroenger, to careen a ship.]

In seamen's language, liable to be overset, as a ship when she is too narrow, or has not sufficient ballast to carry full sail.

2. Stout; bold; erect; as a cock crowing crank.

Spenser.

Crank

CRANK, or CRANK'LE, verb intransitive [See Crank, noun, and Crinkle.] To run in a winding course; to bend, wind and turn.

See how this river comes me crankling in.

Shak.

Crankle

CRANK'LE, verb transitive To break into bends, turns or angles; to crinkle.

Old Vaga's streamÃ‚--

Crankling her banks.

Philips.

Crankle

CRANK'LE, noun A bend or turn; a crinkle.

Crankness

CRANK'NESS, noun Liability to be overset, as a ship.

2. Stoutness; erectness.

Crannied

CRAN'NIED, adjective [See Cranny.] Having rents, chinks or fissures; as a crannied wall.

Brown. Shak.

Cranny

CRAN'NY, noun [French cran; Armoric cran, a notch; Latin crena; from the root of rend, Saxon hrendan or rendan; Armoric ranna, to split; crenna, to cut off; Welsh rhanu, to divide; rhan, a piece; Irish roinnim, or ruinnim, to divide; Greek; Latin cerno. See Class Rn. No. 4. 13. 16.]

1. Properly, a rent; but commonly, any small narrow opening, fissure, crevice or chink, as in a wall, or other substance.

In a firm building, the cavities ought to be filled with brick or stone, fitted to the crannies.

Dryden.

2. A hole; a secret retired place.

He peeped into every cranny.

Arbuthnot.

3. In glass-making, an iron instrument for forming the necks of glasses.

Encyc.

Crants

CRANTS, noun [German kranz.] Garlands carried before the bier of a maiden and hung over her grave.

Shak.

Crape

CRAPE, noun [French crÃƒ-ªpe, and crÃƒ-ªper, to curl, to crisp, to frizzle; Armoric crep; Spanish crespon, crape; crespo, crisp, curled; crespar, to crisp or curl; Portugese crespam. Crape is contracted from cresp, crisp. [Dutch krip, German krepp, Danish krep.] See Crisp.]

A thin transparent stuff, made of raw silk gummed and twisted on the mill, woven without crossing, and much used in mourning. Crape is also used for gowns and the dress of the clergy.

A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn.

Pope.

Crape

CRAPE, verb transitive To curl; to form into ringlets, as, to crape the hair.

Craple

CRAP'LE, noun [Welsh crav.] A claw.

Spenser.

Crapnel

CRAP'NEL, noun A hook or drag. Qu.

grapnel.

Crapulence

CRAP'ULENCE, noun [Latin crapula, a surfeit. See Crop.]

Cropsickness; drunkenness; a surfeit, or the sickness occasioned by intemperance.

Dict.

Crapulous

CRAP'ULOUS, adjective Drunk; surcharged with liquor; sick by intemperance.

Dict.

Crash

CRASH, verb transitive [French ecraser, to crush. Crash seems to be allied to crush and to rush, Saxon hreosan.]

To break; to bruise.

Shak.

Crash

CRASH, verb intransitive To make the loud, clattering, multifarious sound of many things falling and breaking at once.

When convulsions cleave the lab'ring earth, Before the dismal yawn appears, the ground Trembles and heaves, the nodding houses crash.

Smith.

Crash

CRASH, noun The loud mingled sound of many things falling and breaking at once; as the sound of a large tree falling and its branches breaking, or the sound of a falling house.

Crashing

CRASH'ING, noun The sound of many things falling and breaking at once.

There shall be a great crashing from the hills. Zephaniah 1.

Crasis

CRA'SIS, noun [Greek, from, or, to mix, to temper.]

1. The temper or healthy constitution of the blood in an animal body; the temperament which forms a particular constitution of the blood.

Coxe.

2. In grammar, a figure by which two different letters are contracted into one long letter or into a diphthong; as into; into.

Crass

CRASS, adjective [Latin crassus, the same as gross, which see.] Gross; thick; coarse; not thin, nor fine; applied to fluids and solids; as, crass and fumid exhalations. [Little used.]

Brown.

Crassament

CRASS'AMENT, noun The thick red part of the blood, as distinct from the serum, or aqueous part; the clot.

Crassitude

CRASS'ITUDE, noun [Latin crassitudo.] Grossness; coarseness; thickness; applied to liquids or solids.

Bacon. Woodward.

Crassness

CRASS'NESS, noun Grossness.

Glanville.

Cratch

CRATCH, noun [French creche.] A rack; a grated crib or manger.

[I believe not used in New England.]

Cratch

CRATCH. [See Scratch.]

Cratches

CRATCH'ES, n. plu. [German krÃƒ-¤tze, the itch, cratches; kratzen, to scratch.]

In the manege, a swelling on the pastern, under the fetlock, and sometimes under the hoof of a horse.

Crate

CRATE, noun [Latin crates.] A kind of basket or hamper of wicker-work, used for the transportation of china, crockery and similar wares.

Crater

CRA'TER, noun [Latin crater, Greek, a great cup.]

1. The aperture or mouth of a volcano.

2. A constellation of the southern hemisphere, said to contain 31 stars.

Craunch

CR`AUNCH, verb transitive [Dutch schranssen; Vulgar scraunch.]

To crush with the teeth; to chew with violence and noise.

Craunching

CR`AUNCHING, participle of the present tense Crushing with the teeth with violence.

Cravat

CRAVAT', noun [French cravate; Italian cravatta; Spanish corbata; Portugese caravata. In Danish krage, and krave, is a collar, a cape, the neck of a shirt, &c.]

A neck-cloth; a piece of fine muslin or other cloth worn by men about the neck.

Crave

CRAVE, verb transitive [Saxon crafian, to crave, ask, implore; Welsh crevu, to cry, to cry for, to crave; crev, a cry, a scream; Swedish kr?fia; Danish kroever; Icelandic krefa. See Class Rb. No. 2. 4. Syriac So also Dutch roepen, Saxon hreopen, Gothic hropyan, to cry out, as our vulgar phrase is, to rip out. The primary sense is to cry out, or call.]

1. To ask with earnestness or importunity; to beseech; to implore; to ask with submission or humility, as a dependent; to beg; to entreat.

As for my nobler friends, I crave their pardons.

Shak.

JosephÃ‚--went in boldly to Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus. Mark 15.

2. To call for, as a gratification; to long for; to require or demand, as a passion or appetite; as, the stomach or appetite craves food.

3. Sometimes intransitively, with for before the thing sought; as, I crave for mercy.

Craved

CRA'VED, participle passive Asked for with earnestness; implored; entreated; longed for; required.

Craven

CRA'VEN, or CRA'VENT, or CRA'VANT, noun [Qu. from crave, that is, one who begs for his life, when vanquished.]

1. A word of obloquy, used formerly by one vanquished in trial by battle, and yielding to the conqueror. Hence, a recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted spiritless fellow.

Shak.

2. A vanquished, dispirited cock.

Shak.

Craven

CRA'VEN, verb transitive To make recreant, weak or cowardly.

Shak.

Craver

CRA'VER, noun One who craves or begs.

Craving

CRA'VING, participle of the present tense Asking with importunity; urging for earnestly; begging; entreating.

2. Calling for with urgency; requiring; demanding gratification; as an appetite craving food.

Craving

CRA'VING, noun Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for; a longing for.

Craw

CRAW, noun [Danish kroe; Swedish kr?fva. This word coincides in elements with crop; Welsh cropa; Saxon crop; Dutch krop; German kropf. The Danish kroe signifies the craw, and a victualling house, tavern or alehouse. It seems to be named from gathering.]

The crop or first stomach of fowls.

Ray.

Craw-Fish

CRAW-FISH, or CRAY-FISH, noun [Craw is contracted from crab, or from the Welsh crag, a shell; pysgod cragen, shell-fish. See Crab. Qu. is not fish, in these words, from the last syllable of the French ecrevisse?]

A species of Cancer or crab, a crustaceous fish, found in streams. It resembles the lobster, but is smaller, and is esteemed very delicate food.

Crawl

CRAWL, verb intransitive [Dutch krielen; Scot. crowl; Danish kravler, to crawl up, to climb; Swedish kr?la, to crawl, to swarm; Dutch grielen, to swarm; grillen, to shiver or shudder; French grouiller, to stir about, to crawl with insects; Italian grillare, to simmer. Qu. Danish kriller, to itch.]

1. To creep; to move slowly by thrusting or drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; or to move slowly on the hands and knees or feet, as a human being. A worm crawls on the earth; a boy crawls into a cavern, or up a tree.

2. To move or walk weakly, slowly, or timorously.

He was hardly able to crawl about the room.

Arbuthnot.

3. To creep; to advance slowly and slyly; to insinuate one's self; as, to crawl into favor. [This use is vulgar.]

4. To move about; to move in any direction; used in contempt.

Absurd opinions crawl about the world.

South.

5. To have the sensation of insects creeping about the body; as, the flesh crawls.

Crawl

CRAWL, noun [Qu. Dutch kraal.] A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the sea coast for containing fish.

Mar. Dict.

Crawler

CRAWL'ER, noun He or that which crawls; a creeper; a reptile.

Crawling

CRAWL'ING, participle of the present tense Creeping; moving slowly along the ground, or other substance; moving or walking slowly, weakly or timerously; insinuating.

Cray

CRAY or CRA'YER, noun A small sea vessel. [Not in use.]

Cray-Fish

CRAY-FISH, noun The river lobster. [See Craw-fish.]

Crayon

CRA'YON, noun [French from craie chalk, from Latin creta, Spanish greda.]

1. A general name for all colored stones, earths, or other minerals and substances, used in designing or painting in pastel or paste, whether they have been beaten and reduced to paste, or are used in their primitive consistence. Red crayons are made of blood-stone or red chalk; black ones, of charcoal or black lead.

Encyc.

2. A kind of pencil, or roll of paste, to draw lines with.

Dryden.

3. A drawing or design done with a pencil or crayon.

Johnson.

Crayon

CRA'YON, verb transitive To sketch with a crayon. Hence,

2. To sketch; to plan; to commit to paper one's first thoughts.

Bolingbroke.

Crayon-Painting

CRA'YON-PAINTING, noun The act or art of drawing with crayons.

Craze

CRAZE, verb transitive [French ecraser; Swedish krossa; to break or bruise, to crush. See Crush.]

1. To break; to weaken; to break or impair the natural force or energy of.

Till length of years, And sedentary numbness, craze my limbs.

Milton.

2. To crush in pieces; to grind to powder; as, to craze tin.

3. To crack the brain; to shatter; to impair the intellect; as, to be crazed with love or grief.

Shak.

Crazed

CRA'ZED, participle passive Broken; bruised; crushed; impaired; deranged in intellect; decrepit.

Crazedness

CRA'ZEDNESS, noun A broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the intellect.

Hooker.

Craze-Mill

CRA'ZE-MILL, or CRA'ZING-MILL, noun A mill resembling a grist mill, used for grinding tin.

Encyc.

Crazily

CRA'ZILY, adverb [See Crazy.] In a broken or crazy manner.

Craziness

CRA'ZINESS, noun [See Crazy.] The state of being broken or weakened; as the craziness of a ship or of the limbs.

2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or weakness of intellect; derangement.

Crazy

CRA'ZY, adjective [French ecrasÃƒ-©.] Broken; decrepit; weak; feeble; applied to the body, or constitution, or any structure; as a crazy body; a crazy constitution; a crazy ship.

2. Broken, weakened, or disordered in intelect; deranged, weakened, or shattered in mind. We say, the man is crazy.

Creaght

CREAGHT, noun [Irish.] Herds of cattle. [Not used.]

Davies.

Creaght

CREAGHT, verb intransitive To graze on lands. [Not used.]

Davies.

Creak

CREAK, verb intransitive [Welsh crecian, to scream, to crash; crec, a scream, a shriek; connected with creg, cryg, rough, hoarse, harsh, from rhyg, rye, but the sense of which is rough, rugged. Indeed this is radically the same word as rough, Latin raucus. The Latin rugio is probably from the same root, and perhaps rugo. The Saxon cearcian, to creak, may be the same word, the letters transposed; as may the Spanish cruxir, to rustle, Greek, to comb, scrape, rake, and Russian crik, a cry, krichu, to cry. On this word are formed shriek and screech.]

To make a sharp harsh grating sound, of some continuance, as by the friction of hard substances. Thus, the hinge of a door creaks in turning; a tight firm shoe creaks in walking, by the friction of the leather.

Creaking

CRE'AKING, participle of the present tense Making a harsh grating sound; as creaking hinges or shoes.

Creaking

CRE'AKING, noun A harsh grating sound.

Cream

CREAM, noun [French crÃƒ-ªme; Latin cremor; German rahm; Saxon ream; Icelandic riome; Dutch room; Spanish crema. Class Rm.]

1. In a general sense, any part of a liquor that separates from the rest, rises and collects on the surface. More particularly, the oily part of milk, which, when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and forms a scum on the surface, as it is specifically lighter than the other part of the liquor. This by agitation forms butter.

2. The best part of a thing; as the cream of a jest or story.

Cream of lime, the scum of lime water; or that part of lime which, after being dissolved in its caustic state, separates from the water in the mild state of chalk or limestone.

Encyc.

Cream of tartar, the scum of a boiling solution of tartar.

Coxe.

The purified and crystalized supertartrate of potash.

Chim.

Cream

CREAM, verb transitive To skim; to take off cream by skimming.

2. To take off the quintessence or best part of a thing.

Cream

CREAM, verb intransitive To gather cream; to flower or mantle.

2. To grow stiff, or formal.

Shak.

Cream-Bowl

CRE'AM-BOWL, noun A bowl for holding cream.

Cream-Faced

CRE'AM-FACED, adjective White; pale; having a coward look.

Shak.

Cream-Pot

CRE'AM-POT, noun A vessel for holding cream.

Creamy

CRE'AMY, adjective Full of cream; like cream; having the nature of cream; luscious.

Creance

CRE'ANCE, noun [French from Latin credo, credens.] In falconry, a fine small line, fastened to a hawk's leash, when she is first lured.

Bailey.

Crease

CREASE, noun [Qu. German krÃƒ-¤usen, Swedish krusa, Danish kruser, Scot. creis, to curl, to crisp, Class Rd. No. 73. 83.; or French creuser, to make hollow, from creux, hollow, Class Rg. See Crisp.]

A line or mark made by folding or doubling any thing; a hollow streak, like a groove.

Crease

CREASE, verb transitive To make a crease or mark in a thing by folding or doubling.

Creat

CRE'AT, noun [French] In the manege, an usher to a riding master.

Encyc.

Create

CREA'TE, verb transitive [French creer; Italian creare; Spanish and Portugese criar; Latin creo; Armoric croui; Cornish gurei. In Welsh crÃƒ-«u signifies to create, and creu, to cry, to crave, to caw, to beg. Welsh creth and crez, constitution, temper; also, a trembling or shivering with cold. Irish croth or cruth, form, shape; cruthaighim, to create, to prove, assert, maintain. From the Celtic then it appears that the Latin creo is contracted by the loss of a d or th. The Welsh has also cri, a cry, and criaw, to cry, both deduced by Owen from cre; but cre is a contraction of crevu, to cry, or of gryd, a crying or whooping, or cryd, a shaking. In Welsh also cri signifies rough, raw, crude; all which unite in the root of cry, cradle, Latin rudo, to bray. The primary sense of create and of cry is the same, to throw or drive out, to produce, to bring forth, precisely as in the Shemitic. But the Welsh crÃƒ-«u and creu may perhaps be from different roots, both however with the same primary sense.]

1. To produce; to bring into being from nothing; to cause to exist.

In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Genesis 1.

2. To make or form, by investing with a new character; as, to create one a peer or baron; to create a manor.

I create you

Companions to our person.

Shak.

3. To produce; to cause; to be the occasion of.

Your eye in Scotland

Would create soldiers, and make women fight.

Shak.

Long abstinence creates uneasiness in the stomach; confusion is created by hurry.

4. To beget; to generate; to bring forth.

The people which shall be created, shall praise the Lord. Psalm 102.

5. To make or produce, by new combinations of matter already created, and by investing these combinations with new forms, constitutions and qualities; to shape and organize.

God created man in his own image. Genesis 1.

6. To form anew; to change the state or character; to renew.

Create in me a clean heart. Psalm 51.

We are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus. Ephesians 2.

Created

CREA'TED, participle passive Formed from nothing; caused to exist; produced; generated; invested with a new character; formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape, constitution and properties; renewed.

Creating

CREA'TING, participle of the present tense Forming from nothing; originating; producing; giving a new character; constituting new beings from matter by shaping, organizing and investing with new properties; forming anew.

Creation

CREA'TION, noun The act of creating; the act of causing to exist; and especially, the act of bringing this world into existence. Romans 1.

2. The act of making, by new combinations of matter, invested with new forms and properties, and of subjecting to different laws; the act of shaping and organizing; as the creation of man and other animals, of plants, minerals, &c.

3. The act of investing with a new character; as the creation of peers in England.

4. The act of producing.

5. The things created; creatures; the world; the universe.

As subjects then the whole creation came.

Denham.

6. Any part of the things created.

Before the low creation swarmed with men.

Parnel.

7. Any thing produced or caused to exist.

A false creation,

Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain.

Shak.

Creative

CREA'TIVE, adjective Having the power to create, or exerting the act of creation; as creative fancy; creative power.

Creator

CREA'TOR, noun [Latin] The being or person that creates.

Remember thy creator in the days of thy youth. Ecclesiastes 12.

2. The thing that creates, produces or causes.

Creatress

CREA'TRESS, noun A female that creates any thing.

Spenser.

Creature

CRE'ATURE, noun [French] That which is created; every being besides the Creator, or every thing not self-existent. The sun, moon and stars; the earth, animals, plants, light, darkness, air, water, &c., are the creatures of God.

2. In a restricted sense, an animal of any kind; a living being; a beast. In a more restricted sense, man. Thus we say, he was in trouble and no creature was present to aid him.

3. A human being, in contempt; as an idle

creature; a poor creature; what a creature!

4. With words of endearment, it denotes a human being beloved; as a pretty creature; a sweet creature.

5. That which is produced, formed or imagined; as a creature of the imagination.

6. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; one who is made to be what he is.

Great princes thus, when favorites they raise, To justify their grace, their creatures praise.

Dryden.

7. A dependent; a person who is subject to the will or influence of another.

Creaturely

CRE'ATURELY, adjective Having the qualities of a creature. [Little used.]

Cheyne.

Creatureship

CRE'ATURESHIP, noun The state of a creature. [Little used.]

Cave.

Credence

CRE'DENCE, noun [Italian credenza; French creance; from Latin credens, from credo, to believe. See Creed.]

1. Belief; credit; reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sources than personal knowledge, as from the testimony of others. We give credence to a historian of unsuspected integrity, or to a story which is related by a man of known veracity.

2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief or confidence; as a letter of credence, which is intended to commend the bearer to the confidence of a third person.

Credenda

CREDEN'DA, noun [Latin See Creed.]

In theology, things to be believed; articles of faith; distinguished from agenda, or practical duties.

Johnson.

Credent

CRE'DENT, adjective Believing; giving credit; easy of belief.

Shak.

2. Having credit; not to be questioned.

Shak.

[This word is rarely used, and in the latter sense is improper.]

Credentials

CREDEN'TIALS, n. plu. [Rarely or never used in the singular.]

That which gives credit; that which gives a title or claim to confidence; the warrant on which belief, credit or authority is claimed, among strangers; as the letters of commendation and power given by a government to an embassador or envoy, which give him credit at a foreign court. So the power of working miracles given to the apostles may be considered as their credentials, authorizing them to propagate the gospel, and entitling them to credit.

Credibility

CREDIBIL'ITY, noun [French credibilitÃƒ-©, from Latin credibilis.]

Credibleness; the quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to be believed, or which admits belief, on rational principles; the quality or state of a thing which involves no contradiction, or absurdity. Credibility is less than certainty, and greater than possibility; indeed it is less than probability, but is nearly allied to it. [See Credible.]

Credible

CRED'IBLE, adjective [Latin credibilis.] That may be believed; worthy of credit. A thing is credible, when it is known to be possible, or when it involves no contradiction or absurdity; it is more credible, when it is known to come within the ordinary laws or operations of nature. With regard to the Divine Being and his operations, every thing is credible which is consistent with his perfections, and supported by evidence or unimpeachable testimony, for his power is unlimited. With regard to human affairs, we do not apply the word to things barely possible, but to things which come within the usual course of human conduct, and the general rules of evidence.

2. Worthy of belief; having a claim to credit; applied to persons. A credible person is one of known veracity and integrity, or whose veracity may be fairly deduced from circumstances. We believe the history of Aristides and Themistocles, on the authority of credible historians.

Credibleness

CRED'IBLENESS, noun Credibility; worthiness of belief; just claim to credit. [See Credibility.]

Credibly

CRED'IBLY, adverb In a manner that deserves belief; with good authority to support belief.

Credit

CRED'IT, noun [French credit; Italian credito; Spanish id.; Latin creditum. See Creed.]

1. Belief; faith; a reliance or resting of the mind on the truth of something said or done. We give credit to a man's declaration, when the mind rests on the truth of it, without doubt or suspicion, which is attended with wavering. We give credit to testimony or to a report, when we rely on its truth and certainty.

2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others. Esteem; estimation; good opinion founded on a belief of a man's veracity, integrity, abilities and virtue; as a physician in high credit with his brethren. Hence,

3. Honor; reputation; estimation; applied to men or things. A man gains no credit by profaneness; and a poem may lose no credit by criticism. The credit of a man depends on his virtues; the credit of his writings, on their worth.

4. That which procures or is entitled to belief; testimony; authority derived from one's character, or from the confidence of others. We believe a story on the credit of the narrator. We believe in miracles on the credit of inspired men. We trust to the credit of an assertion, made by a man of known veracity.

5. Influence derived from the reputation of veracity or integrity, or from the good opinion or confidence of others; interest; power derived from weight of character, from friendship, fidelity or other cause. A minister may have great credit with a prince. He may employ his credit to good or evil purposes. A man uses his credit with a friend; a servant, with his master.

6. In commerce, trust; transfer of goods in confidence of future payment. When the merchant gives a credit, he sells his wares on an expressed or implied promise that the purchaser will pay for them at a future time. The seller believes in the solvability and probity of the purchaser, and delivers his goods on that belief or trust; or he delivers them on the credit or reputation of the purchaser. The purchaser takes what is sold, on credit. In like manner, money is loaned on the credit of the borrower.

7. The capacity of being trusted; or the reputation of solvency and probity which entitles a man to be trusted. A customer has good credit or no credit with a merchant.

8. In book-keeping, the side of an account in which payment is entered; opposed to debit. This article is carried to one's credit, and that to his debit. We speak of the credit side of an account.

9. Public credit, the confidence which men entertain in the ability and disposition of a nation, to make good its engagements with its creditors; or the estimation in which individuals hold the public promises of payment, whether such promises are expressed or implied. The term is also applied to the general credit of individuals in a nation; when merchants and others are wealthy, and punctual in fulfilling engagements; or when they transact business with honor and fidelity; or when transfers of property are made with ease for ready payment. So we speak of the credit of a bank, when general confidence is placed in its ability to redeem its notes; and the credit of a mercantile house rests on its supposed ability and probity, which induce men to trust to its engagements.

Cherish public credit.

Washington.

When the public credit is questionable, it raises the premium on loans.

10. The notes or bills which are issued by the public or by corporations or individuals, which circulate on the confidence of men in the ability and disposition in those who issue them, to redeem them. They are sometimes called bills of credit.

11. The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on trust; as a long credit, or a short credit.

12. A sum of money due to any person; any thing valuable standing on the creditor side of an account. A has a credit on the books of B. The credits are more than balanced by the debits.

[In this sense the word has the plural number.]

Credit

CRED'IT, verb transitive [from the Noun.] To believe; to confide in the truth of; as, to credit a report, or the man who tells it.

2. To trust; to sell or loan in confidence of future payment; as, to credit goods or money.

3. To procure credit or honor; to do credit; to give reputation or honor.

May here her monument stand so,

To credit this rude age.

Waller.

4. To enter upon the credit side of an account; as, to credit the amount paid.

5. To set to the credit of; as, to credit to a man the interest paid on a bond.

Creditable

CRED'ITABLE, adjective Reputable; that may be enjoyed or exercised with reputation or esteem; estimable. A man pursues a creditable occupation, or way of living.

Arbuthnot.

Creditableness

CRED'ITABLENESS, noun Reputation; estimation.

Johnson.

Creditably

CRED'ITABLY, adverb Reputably; with credit; without disgrace.

Credited

CRED'ITED, participle passive Believed; trusted; passed to the credit, or entered on the credit side of an account.

Crediting

CRED'ITING, participle of the present tense Believing; trusting; entering to the credit in account.

Creditor

CRED'ITOR, noun [Latin See Creed.] A person to whom a sum of money or other thing is due, by obligation, promise or in law; properly, one who gives credit in commerce; but in a general sense, one who has a just claim for money; correlative to debtor. In a figurative sense, one who has a just claim to services.

Addison.

Creditors have better memories than debtors.

Franklin.

2. One who believes. [Not used.]

Shak.

Creditrix

CRED'ITRIX, noun A female creditor.

Credulity

CREDU'LITY, noun [French credulitÃƒ-©, Latin credulitas, from credo, to believe. See Creed and Credulous.]

Easiness of belief; a weakness of mind by which a person is disposed to believe, or yield his assent to a declaration or proposition, without sufficient evidence of the truth of what is said or proposed; a disposition to believe on slight evidence or no evidence at all.

Credulous

CRED'ULOUS, adjective [Latin credulus, from credo. See Creed.]

Apt to believe without sufficient evidence; unsuspecting; easily deceived.

Credulousness

CRED'ULOUSNESS, noun Credulity; easiness of belief; readiness to believe without sufficient evidence.

Beyond all credulity is the credulousness of atheists, who believe that chance could make the world, when it cannot build a house.

S. Clarke.

Creed

CREED, noun [Welsh credo; Saxon creda; Italian and Spanish credo. This word seems to have been introduced by the use of the Latin credo, I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles' creed, or brief system of christian faith. Latin credo; Welsh credu; Cornish credzhi; Armoric cridi; Irish creidim; Italian credere; Spanish creer; Portugese crer; French croire; Norm. crere, cruer. The primary sense is probably to throw, or to throw on; or to set, to rest on. See Creed. Class Rd.]

1. A brief summary of the articles of christian faith; a symbol; as the Apostolic creed.

2. That which is believed; any system of principles which are believed or professed; as a political creed.

Creek

CREEK, verb transitive To make a harsh sharp noise. [See Creak.]

Shak.

Creek

CREEK, n. krik. [Saxon crecea; Dutch kreek; French crique; Welsh crig, a crack; crigyll, a creek; rhig, a notch or groove. See Crack.]

1. A small inlet, bay or cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river.

They discovered a certain creek with a shore. Acts 27.

2. Any turn or winding.

Shak.

3. A prominence or jut in a winding coast. [This sense is probably not legitimate.]

Davies.

4. In some of the American States, a small river. This sense is not justified by etymology, but as streams often enter into creeks and small bays or form them, the name has been extended to small streams in general.

Creeky

CREEKY, a. krik'y. Containing creeks; full of creeks; winding.

Spenser.

Creep

CREEP, verb intransitive pret. and pp. crept. [Saxon creopan, crypan; Welsh crepian, cropian; Dutch kruipen; Swedish krypa; to creep; Danish kryben, a creeping; Irish dreapam; Spanish and Portugese trepar; Latin repo; Greek. The sense is to catch, to grapple; and the latter is from the same root, Welsh crapiaw, allied to Latin rapio, and to Welsh cripian, to scrape or scratch. Class. Rb.]

1. To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface of any other body, as a worm or serpent without legs, or as many insects with feet and very short legs; to crawl.

2. To move along the ground, or on the surface of any other body, in growth, as a vine; to grow along.

3. To move slowly, feebly or timorously; as an old or infirm man, who creeps about his chamber.

4. To move slowly and insensibly, as time.

To morrow, and to morrow, and to morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day

Shak.

5. To move secretly; to move so as to escape detection, or prevent suspicion.

Of this sort are they who creep into houses, and lead captive silly women. 2 Timothy 3.

6. To steal in; to move forward unheard and unseen; to come or enter unexpectedly or unobserved; as, some error has crept into the copy of a history.

7. To move or behave with servility; to fawn.

Shak.

Creeper

CREE'PER, noun One who creeps; that which creeps; a reptile; also, a creeping plant, which moves along the surface of the earth or attaches itself to some other body, as ivy.

2. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitchens.

Johnson.

3. A kind of patten or clog worn by women.

Johnson.

4. Creeper or creepers, an instrument of iron with hooks or claws, for drawing up things from the bottom of a well, river or harbor.

5. A genus of birds, the Certhia, or ox-eye, of many species. These birds run along the body or branch of a tree, and when they observe a person near, they run to the side opposite, so as to keep out of sight.

Encyc.

Creephole

CREE'PHOLE, noun A hole into which an animal may creep to escape notice or danger; also, a subterfuge; an excuse.

Johnson.

Creeping

CREE'PING, participle of the present tense Moving on the belly, or close to the surface of the earth or other body; moving slowly, secretly, or silently; moving insensibly; stealing along.

Creepingly

CREE'PINGLY, adverb By creeping; slowly; in the manner of a reptile.

Sidney.

Creeple

CREE'PLE. [Not used.] [See Cripple.]

Creese

CREESE, noun A Malay dagger.

Cremation

CREMA'TION, noun [Latin crematio, from cremo, to burn.]

A burning; particularly, the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many ancient nations.

Encyc.

Cremor

CRE'MOR, noun [Latin See Cream.] Cream; any expressed juice of grain; yeast; scum; a substance resembling cream.

Coxe.

Crenate

CRE'NATE, or CRE'NATED, adjective [Latin crena, a notch, whence crenatus, notched. See Cranny.]

Notched; indented; scolloped. In botany, a crenate leaf has its edge, as it were, cut with angular or circular incisures, not inclining towards either extremity. When the scallops are segments of small circles, it is said to be obtusely crenated; when the larger segments have smaller ones upon them, a leaf is said to be doubly crenate.

Martyn.

Crenature

CREN'ATURE, noun A scollop, like a notch; in a leaf, or in the style of a plant.

Bigelow.

Crenkle

CRENKLE, or CRENGLE, [See Cringle.]

Crenulate

CREN'ULATE, adjective [dim. used by Linne.] Having the edge, as it were, cut into very small scollops.

Martyn.

Creole

CRE'OLE, noun In the West Indies and Spanish America, a native of those countries descended from European ancestors.

Crepance

CREP'ANCE, or CREP'ANE, noun [Latin crepo, to burst.] A chop or cratch in a horse's leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot crossing and striking the other hind foot. It sometimes degenerates into an ulcer.

Encyc.

Crepitate

CREP'ITATE, verb intransitive [Latin crepito, to crackle, from crepo, to crack, to burst with a sharp sound; Italian crepitare, crepare; French crever; Saxon hreopan; Gothic hropyan; Dutch roepen; allied to rip, and probably from the root of rumpo, rupi, &c. See and garafa. Class Rb. No 27. and No. 18. 26. 30.]

To crackle; to snap; to burst with a small sharp abrupt sound, rapidly repeated; as salt in fire, or during calcination. It differs from detonate, which signifies, to burst with a single loud report.

Crepitating

CREP'ITATING, participle of the present tense Crackling; snapping.

Crepitation

CREPITA'TION, noun The act of bursting with a frequent repetition of sharp sounds; the noise of some salts in calcination; crackling.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. The noise of fractured bones, when moved by a surgeon to ascertain a fracture.

Encyc.

Crept

CREPT, preterit tense and participle passive of creep.

Crepuscle

CREPUS'CLE, or CREPUSC'ULE, noun [Latin crepusculum, from crepo or its root, a little burst or break of light, or broken light. Creperus is from the same root.]

Twilight; the light of the mÃƒ-²rning from the first dawn to sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness. It is occasioned by the refraction of the sun's rays.

Crepuscular

CREPUSC'ULAR, or CREPUSC'ULOUS, adjective Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; noting the imperfect light of the morning and evening; hence, imperfectly clear or luminous.

Brown. Glanville.

Crepusculine

CREPUSC'ULINE, adjective Crepuscular. [Not used.]

Crescent

CRES'CENT, adjective [Latin crescens, from cresco, to grow; French croissant. See Grow.]

Increasing; growing; as crescent horns.

Milton.

Crescent

CRES'CENT, noun The increasing or new moon, which, when receding from the sun, shows a curving rim of light, terminating in points or horns. It is applied to the old or decreasing moon, in a like state, but less properly.

Dryden.

2. The figure or likeness of the new moon; as that borne in the Turkish flag or national standard. The standard itself, and figuratively, the Turkish power.

Gibbon.

3. In heraldry, a bearing in the form of a half moon.

4. The name of a military order, instituted by Renatus of Anjou, king of Sicily; so called from its symbol or badge, a crescent of gold enameled.

Encyc.

Crescent

CRES'CENT, verb transitive To form into a crescent.

Seward.

Ccrescent-Shaped

CCRES'CENT-SHAPED, adjective In botany, lunate; lunated; shaped like a crescent; as a leaf.

Martyn.

Crescive

CRES'CIVE, adjective [Latin cresco, to grow.] Increasing; growing.

Shak.

Cress

CRESS, noun [French cresson; Italian crescione; Armoric creÃƒ-§zon; Dutch kers; German kresse; Saxon coerse or cressen. Qu. its alliance to grass, or to Latin cresco.]

The name of several species of plants, most of them of the class tetradynamia. Watercresses, of the genus Sisymbrium, are used as a salad, and are valued in medicine for their antiscorbutic qualities. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste. They grow on the brinks of rivulets and in other moist grounds. The word is generally used in the plural.

Cresset

CRESS'ET, noun [French croisette, dim. of croix, cross, because beacons formerly had crosses on their tops. See Cross.]

A great light set on a beacon, lighthouse, or watch tower.

Johnson. Shak.

2. A lamp or torch.

Milton. Holinshed.

Crest

CREST, noun [French crÃƒ-ªte; Latin crista; Italian cresta; Spanish creston. This is probably, a growing or shooting up, from the root of cresco, French croÃƒ-®tre; Norm. crest, it rises, it accrues; Russian rastu or rostu, to grow; rost, growth, size, tallness.]

1. The plume of feathers or other material on the top of the ancient helmet; the helmet itself.

Shak.

2. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry.

Encyc.

3. The comb of a cock; also, a tuft of feathers on the head of other fowls.

4. Any tuft or ornament worn on the head.

Dryden.

5. Loftiness; pride; courage; spirit; a lofty mien.

Shak.

Crest

CREST, verb transitive To furnish with a crest; to serve as a crest for.

Shak.

2. To mark with long streaks.

Crested

CREST'ED, adjective [from crest.] Wearing a crest; adorned with a crest or plume; having a comb; as a crested helmet; a crested cock.

2. In natural history, having a tuft like a crest.

Crest-Fallen

CREST'-FALLEN, adjective Dejected; sunk; bowed; dispirited; heartless; spiritless.

Shak. Howell.

2. Having the upper part of the neck hanging on one side, as a horse.

Encyc.

Crestless

CREST'LESS, adjective Without a crest; not dignified with coat-armor; not of an eminent family; of low birth.

Shak.

Cretaceous

CRETA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin cretaceus, from creta, chalk. Spanish Italian id.; French craie; Dutch kryt; German kreide; Swedish krita.]

Chalky; having the qualities of chalk; like chalk; abounding with chalk.

Cretic

CRE'TIC, noun [Greek.] A poetic foot of three syllables, one short between two long syllables.

Bentley.

Cretin

CRE'TIN, noun A name given to certain deformed and helpless idiots in the Alps.

Crevice

CREV'ICE, noun [French crevasse, from crever, to burst, to crack; Italian crepatura; Latin crepo, to burst. See Crepitate and Rip.]

A crack; a cleft; a fissure; a rent; an opening; as a crevice in a wall.

Addison.

Crevice

CREV'ICE, verb transitive To crack; to flaw.

Wotton.

Crevis

CREV'IS, noun The craw-fish. [Little used.]

Crew

CREW, noun [contracted from Saxon cread, or cruth, a crowd; Dutch rot; German rotte; Swedish rote; rout, an assembly, a collection, from gathering or pressing. Class Rd.]

1. A company of people associated; as a noble crew; a gallant crew.

Spenser. Chevy-Chase.

2. A company, in a low or bad sense, which is now most usual; a herd; as a rebel crew.

Milton.

So we say, a miserable crew.

3. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel or boat; the company belonging to a vessel. Also, the company or gang of a carpenter, gunner, boatswain, &c. It is appropriated to the common sailors.

Crew

CREW, preterit tense of crow, but the regular preterit and participle, crowed, is now most commonly used.

Crewel

CREW'EL, noun [Qu. Dutch klewel.] Yarn twisted and wound on a knot or ball, or two-threaded worsted.

Johnson. Bailey.

Crewet

CREWET. [See Cruet.]

Crib

CRIB, noun [Saxon crybb; Dutch krib; Swedish krubba; Danish krybbe; Irish grib. Qu. the root of grapple, to catch.]

1. The manger of a stable, in which oxen and cows feed. In America, it it distinguished from a rack for horses.

Where no oxen are, the crib is clean. Proverbs 14.

The manger for other beasts.

The ass knoweth his master's crib. Isaiah 1.

2. A small habitation or cottage.

Shak.

3. A stall for oxen.

4. A case or box in salt works.

Encyc.

5. A small building, raised on posts, for storing Indian corn.

U. States.

Crib

CRIB, verb transitive To shut or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage.

Shak.

Cribbage

CRIB'BAGE, noun A game at cards.

Cribbed

CRIB'BED, participle passive Shut up; confined; caged.

Cribble

CRIB'BLE, noun [Latin cribellum, from cribrum, and this from cribro, to sift; Spanish criba, cribar; Portugese crivo; Italian cribro, cribrare, and crivello, crivellare; French crible, cribler; Welsh cribaw, to comb or card; Armoric kribat; Irish riobhar, a sieve; allied to garble. See Chaldee, Arabic, Chaldee, to sift or riddle. Class Rb. No. 30. 34. 46.]

1. A corn-sieve or riddle.

2. Coarse flour or meal. [Not used in the U. States.]

Cribble

CRIB'BLE, verb transitive To sift; to cause to pass through a sieve or riddle.

Cribration

CRIBRA'TION, noun [See Cribble.] The act of sifting or riddling; used in pharmacy.

Cribriform

CRIB'RIFORM, adjective [Latin cribrum, a sieve, and forma, form.]

Resembling a sieve or riddle; a term applied to the lamen of the ethmoid bone, through which the fibers of the olfactory nerve pass to the nose.

Anat.

Crichtonite

CRICH'TONITE, noun A mineral so called from Dr. Crichton, physician to the Emperor of Russia. It has a velvet black color, and crystalizes in very acute small rhomboids. It occurs in primitive rocks with octahedrite.

Crick

CRICK, noun [See Creak.] The creaking of a door. [Not used.]

2. A spasmodic affection of some part of the body, as of the neck or back; local spasm or cramp.

Cricket

CRICK'ET, noun [Dutch krekel, from the root of creak; Welsh cricell, cricket, and cricellu, to chirp or chatter; crig, a crack.]

An insect of the genus Gryllus, belonging to the order of Hemipters. There are several species, so named probably on account of their creaking or chirping voice.

The cricket chirping in the hearth.

Goldsmith.

Cricket

CRICK'ET, noun [Qu. Saxon cricc, a stick.] A play or exercise with bats and ball.

Pope.

2. A low stool. [British kriget, a little elevation. Whitaker. Qu. Swedish krycka, stilts or crutches.]

Cricketer

CRICK'ETER, noun One who plays at cricket.

Duncombe.

Cricket-Match

CRICK'ET-MATCH, noun A match at cricket.

Duncombe.

Cried

CRI'ED, preterit tense and part. of cry.

Crier

CRI'ER, or CRY'ER, noun [See Cry.] One who cries; one who makes proclamation. The crier of a court is an officer whose duty is to proclaim the orders or commands of the court, to open or adjourn the court, keep silence, &c. A crier is also employed to give notice of auctions, and for other purposes.

Crime

CRIME, noun [Latin crimen; Greek; It crime; Portugese id.; Spanish crimen; French crime; Armoric crim; Norm. crisme. This word is from the root of Greek, Latin cerno, to separate, to judge, to decree, to condemn. But this verb seems to be composed of two distinct roots, for in Latin, the pret. is crevi, which cannot be formed from cerno; and in Greek, the derivatives,, cannot be regularly formed from. The Greek is undoubtedly a contraction, for in Norman the word is crisme. The root then of these derivatives is the same as of the Irish criathar, a seive, Welsh rhidyll, riddle; Welsh rhidiaw, to secrete, to separate. We have screen, a riddle, from the root of, and riddle, from the Celtic root of,. To judge is to decide, to separate or cut off, hence to condemn; a crime is that which is condemned.]

1. An act which violates a law, divine or human; an act which violates a rule of moral duty; an offense against the laws of right, prescribed by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly implied in those laws. A crime may consist in omission or neglect, as well as in commission, or positive transgression. The commander of a fortress who suffers the enemy to take possession by neglect, is as really criminal, as one who voluntarily opens the gates without resistance.

But in a more common and restricted sense, a crime denotes an offense, or violation of public law, of a deeper and more atrocious nature; a public wrong; or a violation of the commands of God, and the offenses against the laws made to preserve the public rights; as treason, murder, robbery, theft, arson, &c. The minor wrongs committed against individuals or private rights, are denominated trespasses, and the minor wrongs against public rights are called misdemeanors. Crimes and misdemeanors are punishable by indictment, information or public prosecution; trespasses or private injuries, at the suit of the individuals injured. But in many cases an act is considered both as a public offense and a trespass, and is punishable both by the public and the individual injured.

2. Any great wickedness; iniquity; wrong.

No crime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love.

Pope

Capital crime, a crime punishable with death.

Crimeful

CRI'MEFUL, adjective Criminal; wicked; partaking of wrong; contrary to law, right or duty.

Shak.

Crimeless

CRI'MELESS, adjective Free from crime; innocent.

Shak.

Criminal

CRIM'INAL, adjective Guilty of a crime; applied to persons.

2. Partaking of a crime; involving a crime; involving a crime; that violates public law, divine or human; as, theft is a criminal act.

3. That violates moral obligation; wicked.

4. Relating to crimes; opposed to civil; as a criminal code; criminal law.

Criminal

CRIM'INAL, noun A person who has committed an offense against public law; a violater of law, divine or human. More particularly, a person indicted or charged with a public offense, and one who is found guilty, by verdict, confession or proof.

Criminal conversation, the illegal commerce of the sexes; adultery.

Criminality

CRIMINAL'ITY, or CRIM'INALNESS, noun The quality of being criminal, or a violation of law; guiltiness; the quality of being guilty of a crime.

This is by no means the only criterion of criminality.

Blackstone, iv. ch. 17.

Panoplist. Encyc.

Criminally

CRIM'INALLY, adverb In violation of public law; in violation of divine law; wickedly; in a wrong or iniquitous manner.

Criminate

CRIM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin criminor, criminatus.]

To accuse; to charge with a crime; to alledge to be guilty of a crime, offense or wrong.

Our municipal laws do not require the offender to plead guilty or criminate himself.

Scott on Lev. vi. Beloe's Herod.

Christ. Obs.

Criminated

CRIM'INATED, participle passive Accused; charged with a crime.

Criminating

CRIM'INATING, participle of the present tense Accusing; alledging to be guilty.

Crimination

CRIMINA'TION, noun [Latin criminatio.] The act of accusing; accusation; charge of having been guilty of a criminal act, offense or wrong.

Johnson.

Criminatory

CRIM'INATORY, adjective Relating to accusation; accusing.

Criminous

CRIM'INOUS, adjective Very wicked; hainous; involving great crime. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Criminously

CRIM'INOUSLY, adverb Criminally; hainously; enormously. [Not used.]

Criminousness

CRIM'INOUSNESS, noun Wickedness; guilt; criminality. [Not used.]

King Charles.

Crimosin

CRIM'OSIN, [See Crimson.]

Crimp

CRIMP, adjective [Saxon acrymman, to crumble; Dutch kruim, a crum; kruimelen, to crumble. See Crumble.]

1. Easily crumbled; friable; brittle. [Little used.]

The flowerÃ‚--treads the crimp earth.

Philips.

2. Not consistent. [Qu. Danish krum, crooked, or supra, easily broken.] [Not used.]

Arbuthnot.

Crimp

CRIMP, verb transitive [Welsh crimpiaw, to pinch, to form into a ridge or rim.]

To catch; to seize; to pinch and hold. [See Crimple.]

Crimp

CRIMP, verb transitive [Saxon gecrympt.] To curl or frizzle; as, to crimp the hair. This is evidently the same word as the foregoing.

Crimp

CRIMP, noun In England, an agent for coal-merchants, and for persons concerned in shipping.

Bailey.

2. One who decoys another into the naval or military service.

3. A game at cards. Obs.

Crimple

CRIMP'LE, verb transitive [Dutch krimpen; German id.; Swedish krimpa; Danish krymper; Scot. crimp; Welsh crimpiaw, to shrink, to pinch; crwm, crom, curving, bending, shrinking; crymu, to bend. See Crumple and Rumple, from the same root, Welsh rhimp, rim, a rim.]

To contract or draw together; to shrink; to cause to shrink; to curl.

Wiseman.

Crimpled

CRIMP'LED, participle passive Contracted; shrunk; curled.

Crimpling

CRIMP'LING, participle of the present tense Contracting; shrinking; curling; hobbling.

Ash.

Crimson

CRIM'SON, n. krim'zn. [Italian cremisi, cremisino; French cramoisi; Spanish carmesi; Armoric carmoasy; Dutch karmozyn; German karmosin; Swedish karmesin; Danish karmesie; from Arabic kirmizon, kermes, the cochineal insect or berry.]

A deep red color; a red tinged with blue; also, a red color in general; as the virgin crimson of modesty.

Shak.

He made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson. 2 Chronicles 3.

Crimson

CRIM'SON, adjective Of a beautiful deep red; as the crimson blush of modesty; a crimson stream of blood.

Crimson

CRIM'SON, verb transitive To dye with crimson; to dye of a deep red color; to make red.

Crimson

CRIM'SON, verb intransitive To become of a deep red color; to be tinged with red; to blush.

Her cheeks crimsoned at the entrance of her lover.

Crimsoned

CRIM'SONED, participle passive Dyed or tinged with a deep red.

Crimsoning

CRIM'SONING, participle of the present tense Dyeing or tinging with a deep red.

Crincum

CRINC'UM, noun A cramp; a contraction; a turn or bend; a whim. [A vulgar word.]

Hudibras.

Cringe

CRINGE, v. t. crinj. [probably from the root of crank, crinkle, Hebrew and Chaldee; or from the root of crook, with a nasal sound of the last consonant; German kriechen; Welsh cryÃƒ-§u, to curl.]

Properly, to shrink; to contract; to draw together; a popular use of the word. [Vulgarly, scringe.]

You see him cringe his face.

Shak.

Cringe

CRINGE, v. i. crinj. To bow; to bend with servility; to fawn; to make court by mean compliances.

Flatterers are always bowing and cringing.

Arbuthnot.

Cringe

CRINGE, n. crinj. A bow; servile civility.

Philips.

Cringer

CRIN'GER, noun One who cringes, or bows and flatters with servility.

Cringing

CRIN'GING, participle of the present tense Shrinking; bowing servilely.

Cringle

CRIN'GLE, n. cring'gl. [Dutch kring, krinkel, kronkel, a bend, turn, ring, or twist. See Crank and Cringe.]

1. A withe for fastening a gate. [Local.]

2. In marine language, a hole in the boltrope of a sail, formed by intertwisting the division of a rope, called a strand, alternately round itself, and through the strand of the bolt-rope, till it becomes three-fold, and takes the shape of a ring. Its use is to receive the ends of the ropes by which the sail is drawn up to its yard, or to extend the leech by the bow-line-bridles.

Iron-cringles or hanks, are open rings running on the stays, to which the heads of the stay sails are made fast.

Mar. Dict.

Crinigerous

CRINIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin criniger; crinis, hair, and gero, to wear.] Hairy; overgrown with hair.

Dict.

Crinite

CRI'NITE, adjective [Latin crinitus, from crinis, hair. Qu. Welsh crinaw, to parch, to frizzle.] Having the appearance of a tuft of hair.

Crinkle

CRINK'LE, v. i. crink'l. [Dutch krinkelen, to wind or twist. Qu. crank, and ring, Saxon hring.]

To turn or wind; to bend; to wrinkle; to run in and out in little or short bends or turns; as, the lightning crinkles.

Crinkle

CRINK'LE, verb transitive To form with short turns or wrinkles; to mold into inequalities.

Crinkle

CRINK'LE, noun A wrinkle; a winding or turn; sinuosity.

Crinose

CRI'NOSE, adjective Hairy. [See Crinite.] [Little used.]

Crinosity

CRINOS'ITY, noun Hairiness. [Little used.]

Cripple

CRIP'PLE, n. crip'l. [Dutch kreupel; German krÃƒ-¼ppel; Danish krypling, krÃƒ-¶ppel, and krÃƒ-¶bling, from krÃƒ-¶b, a creeping animal; Icelandic crypen, to move crooked. It would seem that this is from the root of creep.]

A lame person; primarily, one who creeps, halts or limps; one who has lost, or never enjoyed the use of his limbs. Acts 14.

The word may signify one who is partially or totally disabled from using his limbs.

See the blind beggar dance, the cripple sing.

Pope.

Cripple

CRIP'PLE, adjective Lame.

Shak.

Cripple

CRIP'PLE, verb transitive To lame; to deprive of the use of the limbs, particularly of the legs and feet.

2. To disable; to deprive of the power of exertion. We say, a fleet was crippled in the engagement.

Crippled

CRIP'PLED, participle passive Lamed; rendered impotent in the limbs; disabled.

Crippleness

CRIP'PLENESS, noun Lameness.

Crippling

CRIP'PLING, participle of the present tense Laming; depriving of the use of the limbs; disabling.

Crisis

CRI'SIS, noun plu. cri'ses. [Greek, Latin crisis, from the root of, to separate, to determine, to decide. See Crime.]

1. In medical science, the change of a disease which indicates its event; that change which indicates recovery or death. It is sometimes used to designate the excretion of something noxious from the body, or of the noxious fluids in a fever.

Encyc. Parr.

2. The decisive state of things, or the point of time when an affair is arrived to its highth, and must soon terminate or suffer a material change.

This hour's the very crisis of your fate.

Dryden.

Crisp

CRISP, adjective [Latin crispus; Italian crespo; German kraus. See the Verb.]

1. Curled; formed into curls or ringlets.

2. Indented; winding; as crisp channels.

Shak.

3. Brittle; friable; easily broken or crumbled.

Bacon.

Crisp

CRISP, verb transitive [Latin crispo; Italian crespare; Spanish crespar; French crÃƒ-ªper; Danish kruser; Swedish krusa; Welsh cris, a crust; crisb, a crisp coating; crisbin, crisp, friable, from rhis, broken into points, mince; allied to cresu, crasu, to roast or parch. From the Gothic dialects, we observe that p is not radical. Class Rd. No. 20. 73. Arabic]

1. To curl; to twist; to contract or form into ringlets, as the hair; to wreathe or interweave, as the branches of trees.

B. Jonson. Milton.

2. To indent. Johnson. To twist or eddy.

Mason.

But the sense is, to curl; to wrinkle in little undulations, as a fretted surface.

From that sapphire fount the crisped brooks, Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold, Ran nectar, visiting each plant.

Milton.

Crispation

CRISPA'TION, noun The act of curling, or state of being curled.

Bacon.

Crispature

CRISP'ATURE, noun A curling; the state of being curled.

Lee. Botany.

Crisped

CRISP'ED, participle passive Curled; twisted; frizzled.

Crisping

CRISP'ING, participle of the present tense Curling; frizzling.

Crisping-Pin

CRISP'ING-PIN, noun A curling-iron.

Isaiah.

Crispness

CRISP'NESS, noun A state of being curled; also, brittleness.

Crispy

CRISP'Y, adjective Curled; formed into ringlets; as crispy locks.

Shak.

2. Brittle; dried so as to break short; as a crispy cake.

Cristate

CRIST'ATE, or CRIST'ATED, adjective [Latin cristatus, from crista, a crest.]

In botany, crested; tufted; having an appendage like a crest or tuft, as some anthers and flowers.

Martyn.

Criterion

CRITE'RION, noun plu. criteria. [Greek, from the root of, to judge. See Crime.]

A standard of judging; any established law, rule, principle or fact, by which facts, propositions and opinions are compared, in order to discover their truth or falsehood, or by which a correct judgment may be formed.

Crithomancy

CRITH'OMANCY, noun [Greek, barley, and, divination.]

A kind of divination by means of the dough of cakes, and the meal strewed over the victims, in ancient sacrifices.

Encyc.

Critic

CRIT'IC, noun [Greek, from, a judge or discerner, from the root of, to judge, to separate, to distinguish. See Crime.]

1. A person skilled in judging of the merit of literary works; one who is able to discern and distinguish the beauties and faults of writing. In a more general sense, a person skilled in judging with propriety of any combination of objects, or of any work of art; and particularly of what are denominated the Fine Arts. A critic is one who, from experience, knowledge, habit or taste, can perceive the difference between propriety and impropriety, in objects or works presented to his view; between the natural and unnatural; the high and the low, or lofty and mean; the congruous and incongruous; the correct and incorrect, according to the established rules of the art.

2. An examiner; a judge.

And make each day a critic on the last.

Pope.

3. One who judges with severity; one who censures or finds fault.

Pope. Watts. Swift.

Critic

CRIT'IC, adjective Critical; relating to criticism, or the art of judging of the merit of a literary performance or discourse, or of any work in the fine arts. [See Critical.]

Critic

CRIT'IC, verb intransitive To criticise; to play the critic. [Little used.]

Temple.

Critical

CRIT'ICAL, adjective [Latin criticus; Greek. See Critic.]

1. Relating to criticism; nicely exact; as a critical dissertation on Homer.

2. Having the skill or power nicely to distinguish beauties from blemishes; as a critical judge; a critical auditor; a critical ear; critical taste.

3. Making nice distinctions; accurate; as critical rules.

4. Capable of judging with accuracy; discerning beauties and faults; nicely judicious in matters of literature and the fine arts; as, Virgil was a critical poet.

5. Capable of judging with accuracy; conforming to exact rules of propriety; exact; particular; as, to be critical in rites and ceremonies, or in the selection of books.

6. Inclined to find fault, or to judge with severity.

7. [See Crisis.] Pertaining to a crisis; marking the time or state of a disease which indicates its termination in the death or recovery of the patient; as critical days, or critical symptoms.

8. Producing a crisis or change in a disease; indicating a crisis; as a critical sweat.

9. Decisive; noting a time or state on which the issue of things depends; important, as regards the consequences; as a critical time or moment; a critical juncture.

10. Formed or situated to determine or decide, or having the crisis at command; important or essential for determining; as a critical post.

Mitford.

Critically

CRIT'ICALLY, adverb In a critical manner; with nice discernment of truth or falsehood, propriety or impropriety; with nice scrutiny; accurately; exactly; as, to examine evidence critically; to observe critically.

2. At the crisis; at the exact time.

3. In a critical situation, place or condition, so as to command the crisis; as a town critically situated.

Mitford.

Criticalness

CRIT'ICALNESS, noun The state of being critical; incidence at a particular point of time.

2. Exactness; accuracy; nicety; minute care in examination.

Criticise

CRIT'ICISE, v. i. s as z. To examine and judge critically; to judge with attention to beauties and faults; as, to criticise on a literary work, on an argument or discourse.

2. To write remarks on the merit of a performance; to notice beauties and faults.

Cavil you may, but never criticise.

Pope.

3. To animadvert upon as faulty; to utter censure; as, to criticise on a man's manners, or his expenses.

Locke.

Criticise

CRIT'ICISE, verb transitive To notice beauties and blemishes or faults in; to utter or write remarks on the merit of a performance; as, to criticise the writings of Milton.

2. To pass judgment on with respect to merit or blame; as, to criticise an author; to criticise the conduct.

Criticised

CRIT'ICISED, participle passive Examined and judged with respect to beauties and faults.

Criticising

CRIT'ICISING, participle of the present tense Examining and judging with regard to beauties and faults; remarking on; animadverting on.

Criticism

CRIT'ICISM, noun The art of judging with propriety of the beauties and faults of a literary performance, or of any production in the fine arts; as the rules of criticism.

2. The act of judging on the merit of a performance; animadversion; remark on beauties and faults; critical observation, verbal or written. We say, the author's criticisms are candid, or they are severe.

Critique

CRITIQUE, or CRIT'IC, noun [French critique.] A critical examination of the merits of a performance; remarks or animadversions on beauties and faults.

Addison wrote a critique on PARADISE LOST.

2. Science of criticism; standard or rules of judging of the merit of performances.

If ideas and words were distinctly weighed, and duly considered, they would afford us another sort of logic and critic.

Locke.

Crizzel

CRIZ'ZEL, or CRIZ'ZELING, noun [See Crisp.] A kind of roughness on the surface of glass, which clouds its transparency.

Encyc.

Croak

CROAK, verb intransitive [Saxon cracettan; Gothic hrukyan; Latin crocio, crocito; Spanish croaxar; Italian crocciare; French croasser; Armoric crozal; German krÃƒ-¤chzen; Dutch kraaijen, to crow, and kruchgen, to groan; Irish grag, gragam; coinciding in elements with Welsh creg, cryg, hoarse, crygu, to make rough or hoarse; Saxon hreog, rough, and hreowian, to rue; Greek, and,. These all appear to be of one family, and from the root of rough, and creak, Welsh rhyg. See Crow.]

1. To make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog or other animal.

2. To caw; to cry as a raven or crow.

3. To make any low, muttering sound, resembling that of a frog or raven; as, their bellies croak.

Locke.

4. In contempt, to speak with a low, hollow voice.

Croak

CROAK, noun The low, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like sound.

Croaker

CROAKER, noun One that croaks, murmurs or grumbles; one who complains unreasonably.

Croaking

CROAKING, participle of the present tense Uttering a low, harsh sound from the throat, or other similar sound.

Croaking

CROAKING, noun A low, harsh sound, as of a frog, or the bowels.

Croats

CRO'ATS, noun Troops, natives of Croatia.

Crocalite

CRO'CALITE, noun [from crocus, saffron.] A mineral, a variety of zeolite, of an orange or brick red color. It is sometimes found in reniform or globular masses, with a radiated texture.

Cleaveland.

Croceous

CRO'CEOUS, adjective [Latin croceus, from crocus, saffron.]

Like saffron; yellow; consisting of saffron.]

Croches

CRO'CHES, noun Little buds or knobs about the tops of a deer's horn.

Bailey.

Crocitation

CROCITA'TION, noun [Latin crocito.] A croaking.

Crock

CROCK, noun [Saxon cruce, crocca; Dutch kruik; German krug; Dutch krukke; Swedish kruka; French cruche; Welsh cregen, an earthern vessel; crocan, a pot.]

An earthern vessel; a pot or pitcher; a cup.

Obs.

Crock

CROCK, noun [Qu. from crock, supra, or from Chaldee, Arabic charaka, to burn.]

Soot, or the black matter collected from combustion on pots and kettles, or in a chimney.

Ray.

Crock

CROCK, verb transitive or i. To black with soot, or other matter collected from combustion; or to black with the coloring matter of cloth.

New England.

Crockery

CROCK'ERY, noun [Welsh crocan, a boiler or pot; crocenu, to make earthern vessels; crocenyz, a potter. See Crock.]

Earthern ware; vessels formed of clay, glazed and baked. The term is applied to the coarser kinds of ware; the finer kinds being usually called china or porcelain.

Crocodile

CROC'ODILE, noun [Greek; [qu., saffron, and, fearing;] Latin crocodilus; Italian coccodrillo; Spanish cocodrilo.]

An amphibious animal of the genus Lacerta or lizard, of the largest kind. It has a naked body, with four feet and a tail; it has five toes on the fore feet, and four on the hind feet. It grows to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, runs swiftly on land, but does not easily turn itself. It inhabits the large rivers in Africa and Asia, and lays its eggs, resembling those of a goose, in the sand, to be hatched by the heat of the sun. [See Alligator.]

Encyc.

2. In rhetoric, a captious and sophistical argument contrived to draw one into a snare.

Crocoile

CROC'OILE, adjective Pertaining to or like a crocodile; as crocodile tears, that is, false or affected tears, hypocritical sorrow.

Crocus

CRO'CUS, noun [Greek, from the Shemitic, and its yellow color.]

1. Saffron, a genus of plants.

2. In chimistry, a yellow powder; any metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color.

Encyc.

Croft

CROFT, noun [Saxon croft; allied probably to Latin crypta, Greek, to conceal.]

A little close adjoining or near to a dwelling-house, and used for pasture, tillage or other purposes.

Encyc.

Croisade

CROISA'DE, noun [French from croix, a cross.]

A holy war; an expedition of christians against the infidels, for the conquest of Palestine. [See the more common word, Crusade.]

Croises

CROIS'ES, noun [See Cross.] Soldiers enrolled under the banners of the cross.

Burke.

2. Pilgrims who carry the cross.

Croker

CRO'KER, noun A fowl that inhabits the

Chesapeak and the large rivers in Virginia; sometimes of three feet in length.

Pennant.

Cromlech

CROM'LECH, noun [Welsh cromleÃƒ-§; crom, bent, concave, and llec, a flat stone.]

Huge flat stones resting on other stones, set on end for that purpose; supposed to be the remains of druidical altars.

Rowland, Mon. Antiq.

Crone

CRONE, noun [Irish criona, old; crion, withered; crionaim, to wither, fade, decay; Welsh crinaw, to wither, to become brittle; Greek, old.]

1. An old woman.

Shak. Dryden.

2. An old ewe.

Tusser.

Cronet

CRO'NET, noun [coronet.] The hair which grows over the top of a horse's hoof.

Johnson.

2. The iron at the end of a tilting spade.

Bailey.

Cronical

CRONICAL, or CRONYCAL. [See Acronical.]

Crony

CRO'NY, noun [See Crone. But this word seems to carry the sense of fellowship, and is precisely the Arabic karana, to join, to associate; whence its derivative, an associate.]

An intimate companion; an associate; a familiar friend.

To oblige your crony Swift.

Bring our dame a new year's gift.

Swift.

Hence an old crony is an intimate friend of long standing.

Crook

CROOK, noun [Swedish krok; Danish krog; French croc, crochet; Armoric crocq; Irish cruca; Welsh crwg, crwca, croca; Gothic hrugg, a shepherd's crook, which in Italian is rocco; Welsh crug, a heap, a rick; Saxon hric; a ridge; German rÃƒ-¼cken, the back, or ridge of an animal. These words appear to be connected with Latin ruga, a wrinkle, Russian kryg, okrug, a circle. Wrinkling forms roughness, and this is the radical sense of hoarseness, Italian roco, hoarse, Latin raucus, rough, Welsh cryg, rough, hoarse. The radical sense of crook is to strain or draw; hence, to bend.]

1. Any bend, turn or curve; or a bent or curving instrument. We speak of a crook in a stick of timber, or in a river; and any hook is a crook.

2. A shepherd staff, curving at the end; a pastoral staff. When used by a bishop or abbot, it is called a crosier.

He left his crook, he left his flocks.

Prior.

3. A gibbet.

4. An artifice; a trick.

Cranmer.

Crook

CROOK, verb transitive [French crochuer; Swedish kr?ka; Danish krÃƒ-¶ger; Welsh crwcau, crocau.]

1. To bend; to turn from a straight line; to make a curve or hook.

2. To turn from rectitude; to pervert.

Bacon.

3. To thwart. [Little used.]

Crook

CROOK, verb intransitive To bend or be bent; to be turned from a right line; to curve; to wind.

Camden.

Crook-Back

CROOK'-BACK, noun A crooked back; one who has a crooked back or round shoulders.

Shak.

Crook-Backed

CROOK'-BACKED, adjective Having a round back, or shoulders.

Dryden.

Crooked

CROOK'ED, participle passive or adjective Bent; curved; curving; winding.

2. Winding in moral conduct; devious; froward; perverse; going out of the path of rectitude; given to obliquity or wandering from duty.

They are a perverse and crooked generation. Deuteronomy 32.

Crookedly

CROOK'EDLY, adverb In a winding manner.

2. Untowardly; not compliantly.

Crookedness

CROOK'EDNESS, noun A winding, bending or turning; curvity; curvature; inflection.

Hooker.

2. Perverseness; untowardness; deviation from rectitude; iniquity; obliquity of conduct.

3. Deformity of a gibbous body.

Johnson. Taylor.

Crooken

CROOK'EN, verb transitive To make crooked. [Not in use.]

Crooking

CROOK'ING, participle of the present tense Bending; winding.

Crook-Kneed

CROOK'-KNEED, adjective Having crooked knees.

Shak.

Crook-Shouldered

CROOK'-SHOULDERED, adjective Having bent shoulders.

Croop

CROOP, or CROUP, noun [Scot. croup, crope, crupe, crowp, to croak, to cry or speak with a hoarse voice; Gothic hropyan; Saxon hreopan, to call out.]

The disease called technically cynanche trachealis, an affection of the throat accompanied with a hoarse difficult respiration. It is vulgarly called rattles.

Crop

CROP, noun [Saxon crop, cropp, the crop of a fowl, a cluster, ears of corn, grapes, grains of corn; Dutch krop; German kropf; Welsh crop, the crop or craw; cropian, a gathering into a heap, a creeping; cropian, to creep. Here we see that crop is a gathering, and that it is connected with creep, whose radical sense is to catch or take hold. Hence crop coincides with Latin carpo, carpus, and perhaps with reap, rapio, as it does with grapple. Hence we see how the crop of a fowl, and a crop of grain or hay, are consistently the same word.]

1. The first stomach of a fowl; the craw.

2. The top or highest part of a thing; the end. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

3. That which is gathered; the corn, or fruits of the earth collected; harvest. The word includes every species of fruit or produce, gathered for man or beast.

4. Corn and other cultivated plants while growing; a popular use of the word.

5. Any thing cut off or gathered.

6. Hair cut close or short.

Crop

CROP, verb transitive To cut off the ends of any thing; to eat off; to pull off; to pluck; to mow; to reap; as, to crop flowers, trees, or grass. Man crops trees or plants with an instrument, or with his fingers; a beast crops with his teeth.

2. To cut off prematurely; to gather before it falls.

While force our youth, like fruits, untimely crops.

Denham.

Crop

CROP, verb intransitive To yield harvest. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Crop-Ear

CROP'-EAR, noun [crop and ear.] A horse whose ears are cropped.

Shak.

Crop-Eared

CROP'-EARED, adjective Having the ears cropped.

B. Johnson.

Cropful

CROP'FUL, adjective Having a full crop or belly; satiated.

Milton.

Cropped

CROP'PED, or CROPT, participle passive Cut off; plucked; eaten off; reaped, or mowed.

Cropper

CROP'PER, noun A pigeon with a large crop.

Johnson. Walton.

Cropping

CROP'PING, participle of the present tense Cutting off; pulling off; eating off; reaping, or mowing.

Cropping

CROP'PING, noun The act of cutting off.

2. The raising of crops.

Crop-Sick

CROP'-SICK, adjective Sick or indisposed from a surcharged stomach; sick with excess in eating or drinking.

Tate.

Crop-Sickness

CROP'-SICKNESS, noun Sickness from repletion of the stomach. Latin crapula.

Crosier

CRO'SIER, n. kro'zhur. [French crosse, a crosier, a bat or gaff-stick; crosser, to play at cricket; Armoric croÃƒ-§z; from the root of cross.]

1. A bishop's crook or pastoral staff, a symbol of pastoral authority and care. It consists of a gold or silver staff, crooked at the top, and is carried occasionally before bishops and abbots, and held in the hand when they give solemn benedictions. The use of crosiers is ancient. Originally a crosier was a staff with a cross on the top, in form of a crutch or T.

Encyc.

2. In astronomy, four stars in the southern hemisphere, in the form of a cross.

Encyc.

Croslet

CROS'LET, noun [See Cross.] A small cross. In heraldry, a cross crossed at a small distance from the ends.

Encyc.

Cross

CROSS, n. craus. [Welsh croes; Armoric croaz; German kreuz; Swedish kors; Danish kryds and kors; Russian krest. Class Rd. But the English cross would seem to be from the Latin crux, through the French croix, croiser; Italian croce; Spanish cruz; Welsh crog, coinciding with the Irish regh, riagh. Qu. the identity of these words. The Irish has cros, a cross; crosadh, crosaim, to cross, to hinder. If the last radical is g or c, this word belongs to the root of crook. Chaucer uses crouche for cross.]

1. A gibbet consisting of two pieces of timber placed across each other, either in form of a T or of an X. That on which our Savior suffered, is represented on coins and other monuments, to have been of the former kind.

Encyc.

2. The ensign of the christian religion; and hence figuratively, the religion itself.

Rowe.

3. A monument with a cross upon it to excite devotion, such as were anciently set in market places.

Johnson. Shak.

4. Any thing in the form of a cross or gibbet.

5. A line drawn through another.

Johnson.

6. Any thing that thwarts, obstructs, or perplexes; hindrance; vexation; misfortune; opposition; trial of patience.

Heaven prepares good men with crosses.

B. Jonson.

7. Money or coin stamped with the figure of a cross.

Dryden.

8. The right side or face of a coin, stamped with a cross.

Encyc.

9. The mark of a cross, instead of a signature, on a deed, formerly impressed by those who could not write.

Encyc.

10. Church lands in Ireland.

Davies.

11. In theology, the sufferings of Christ by crucifixion.

That he might reconcile both to God in one body by the cross. Ephesians 2.

12. The doctrine of Christ's sufferings and of the atonement, or of salvation by Christ.

The preaching of the cross is to them that perish, foolishness. 1 Corinthians 1. Galatians 5.

To take up the cross, is to submit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ.

13. In mining, two nicks cut in the surface of the earth, thus +.

Cross and pile, a play with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up, which bears the cross, or the other which is called pile or reverse.

Cross

CROSS, a. craus. Transverse; oblique; passing from side to side; falling athwart; as a cross beam.

The cross refraction of a second prism.

Newton.

2. Adverse; opposite; obstructing; sometimes with to; as an event cross to our inclinations.

3. Perverse; untractable; as the cross circumstances of a man's temper.

South.

4. Peevish; fretful; ill-humored; applied to persons or things; as a cross woman or husband; a cross answer.

5. Contrary; contradictory; perplexing.

Contradictions that seem to lie cross and uncouth.

South.

6. Adverse; unfortunate.

Behold the cross and unlucky issue of my design.

Glanville.

7. Interchanged; as a cross marriage, when a brother and sister intermarry with two persons who have the same relation to each other.

Bailey.

8. Noting what belongs to an adverse party; as a cross interrogatory.

Kent.

Cross

CROSS, preposition Athwart; transversely; over; from side to side; so as to intersect.

And cross their limits cut a sloping way.

Dryden.

This is admissible in poetry, as an abbreviation of across.

Cross

CROSS, verb transitive To draw or run a line, or lay a body across another; as, to cross a word in writing; to cross the arms.

2. To erase; to cancel; as, to cross an account.

3. To make the sign of the cross, as catholics in devotion.

4. To pass from side to side; to pass or move over; as, to cross a road; to cross a river, or the ocean. I crossed the English channel, from Dieppe to Brighton, in a steam-boat, Sept. 18, 1824.

W.

5. To thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to embarrass; as, to cross a purpose or design.

6. To counteract; to clash or interfere with; to be inconsistent with; as, natural appetites may cross our principles.

7. To counteract or contravene; to hinder by authority; to stop. [See No. 5.]

8. To contradict.

Bacon. Hooker.

9. To debar or preclude.

Shak.

To cross the breed of an animal, is to produce young from different varieties of the species.

Cross

CROSS, verb intransitive To lie or be athwart.

2. To move or pass laterally, or from one side towards the other, or from place to place, either at right angles or obliquely; as, to cross from Nantucket to New Bedford.

3. To be inconsistent; as, men's actions do not always cross with reason. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Cross-Armed

CROSS'-ARMED, adjective With arms across. In botany, brachiate; decussated; having branches in pairs, each at right angles with the next.

Martyn.

Cross-Barred

CROSS'-BARRED, adjective Secured by transverse bars.

Milton.

Cross-Bar-Shot

CROSS'-BAR-SHOT, noun A bullet with an iron bar passing through it, and standing out a few inches on each side; used in naval actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.

Encyc.

Cross-Bearer

CROSS'-BEARER, noun In the Romish church, the chaplain of an archbishop or primate, who bears a cross before him on solemn occasions. Also, a certain officer in the inquisition, who makes a vow before the inquisitors to defend the Catholic faith, though with the loss of fortune and life.

Encyc.

Cross-Bill

CROSS'-BILL, noun In chancery, an original bill by which the defendant prays relief against the plaintiff.

Blackstone.

Cross-Bill

CROSS'-BILL, noun A species of bird, the Loxia curvirostra, the mandibles of whose bill curve opposite ways and cross each other.

Encyc.

Cross-Bite

CROSS'-BITE, noun A deception; a cheat.

L' Estrange.

Cross-Bite

CROSS'-BITE, verb transitive To thwart or contravene by deception.

Collier.

Cross-Bow

CROSS'-BOW, noun In archery, a missive weapon formed by placing a bow athwart a stock.

Bailey.

Cross-Bower

CROSS'-BOWER, noun One who shoots with a cross-bow.

Raleigh.

Crosscut

CROSS'CUT, verb transitive To cut across.

Crosscut-Saw

CROSS'CUT-SAW, noun A saw managed by two men, one at each end.

Crossed

CROSS'ED, participle passive Having a line drawn over; canceled; erased; passed over; thwarted; opposed; obstructed; counteracted.

Cross-Examination

CROSS-EXAMINA'TION, noun The examination or interrogation of a witness called by one party, by the opposite party or his counsel.

Cross-Examine

CROSS-EXAM'INE, verb transitive To examine a witness by the opposite party or his counsel, as the witness for the plaintiff by the defendant, and vice versa.

The opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses has been expressly waived.

Kent.

Cross-Examined

CROSS-EXAM'INED, participle passive Examined or interrogated by the opposite party.

Cross-Flow

CROSS'-FLOW, verb intransitive To flow across.

Milton.

Cross-Grained

CROSS'-GRAINED, adjective Having the grain or fibers across or irregular; as in timber, where a branch shoots from the trunk, there is a curling of the grain.

2. Perverse; untractable; not condescending.

Crossing

CROSS'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing; running or passing a line over; erasing; canceling; thwarting; opposing; counteracting; passing over.

Crossing

CROSS'ING, noun A thwarting; impediment; vexation.

Shak.

Cross-Jack

CROSS'-JACK, n. cro-jeck. A sail extended on the lower yard of the mizen mast; but seldom used.

Encyc.

Cross-Legged

CROSS'-LEGGED, adjective Having the legs across.

Crossly

CROSS'LY, adverb Athwart; so as to intersect something else.

2. Adversely; in opposition; unfortunately.

3. Peevishly; fretfully.

Crossness

CROSS'NESS, noun Peevishness; fretfulness; ill humor; perverseness.

Cross-Piece

CROSS-PIECE, noun A rail of timber extending over the windlass of a ship, furnished with pins with which to fasten the rigging, as occasion requires.

Encyc.

Cross-Purpose

CROSS'-PURPOSE, noun A contrary purpose; contradictory system; also, a conversation in which one person does or pretends to misunderstand another's meaning. An enigma; a riddle.

Mason.

Cross-Question

CROSS'-QUESTION, verb transitive To cross examine.

Killingbeck.

Cross-Row

CROSS'-ROW, noun The alphabet, so named because a cross is placed at the beginning, to show that the end of learning is piety.

Johnson. Shak.

2. A row that crosses others.

Cross-Sea

CROSS'-SEA, noun Waves running across others; a swell running in different directions.

Cross-Staff

CROSS'-STAFF, noun An instrument to take the altitude of the sun or stars.

Cross-Stone

CROSS'-STONE, noun A mineral called also harmotome, and staurolite. It is almost always in crystals. Its single crystals are rectangular four-sided prisms, broad or compressed, and terminated by four-sided pyramids, with rhombic faces, which stand on the lateral edges. But this mineral is generally found in double crystals, composed of two of the preceding crystals, so intersecting each other, that the two broader planes of one prism are perpendicular to the broader planes of the other, throughout their whole length. Its color is a grayish white or milk white, sometimes with a shade of yellow or red.

Cleaveland.

Cross-Tining

CROSS'-TINING, noun In husbandry, a harrowing by drawing the harrow or drag back and forth on the same ground.

Encyc.

Cross-Trees

CROSS'-TREES, noun In ships, certain pieces of timber, supported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the upper ends of the lower masts, to sustain the frame of the top, and on the top masts, to extend the top-gallant shrouds.

Mar. DÃƒ-®ct.

Cross-Way

CROSS'-WAY, or CROSS'-ROAD, noun A way or road that crosses another road or the chief road; an obscure path intersecting the main road.

Johnson. Shak.

Cross-Wind

CROSS'-WIND, noun A side wind; an unfavorable wind.

Boyle.

Cross-Wise

CROSS'-WISE, adverb Across; in the form of a cross.

Cross-Wort

CROSS'-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Valantia.

Crotch

CROTCH, noun [French croc, a hook. See Crook and Crutch.]

1. A fork or forking; the parting of two legs or branches; as the crotch of a tree.

2. In ships, a crooked timber placed on the keel, in the fore and aft parts of a ship.

3. A piece of wood or iron, opening on the top and extending two horns or arms, like a half moon, used for supporting a boom, a spare topmast, yards, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Crotched

CROTCH'ED, adjective Having a crotch; forked.

Crotchet

CROTCH'ET, noun [French crochet, croche, from croc. See Crook.]

1. In printing, a hook including words, a sentence or a passage distinguished from the rest, thus [ ].

2. In music, a note or character, equal in time to half a minim, and the double of a quaver, thus

3. A piece of wood resembling a fork, used as a support in building.

4. A peculiar turn of the mind; a whim, or fancy; a perverse conceit.

All the devices and crotchets of new inventions.

Howell.

Crotcheted

CROTCH'ETED, adjective Marked with crotchets.

Crouch

CROUCH, verb intransitive [German kriechen, kroch, krÃƒ-¶che, to creep, to stoop, to cringe, probably allied to crook, French crochu, as cringe to crank. Class Rg. Vulgarly, crooch, scrooch.]

1. To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground; as an animal. A dog crouches to his master; a lion crouches in the thicket.

2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe.

Every one that is left in thine house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of bread. 1 Samuel 2.

Crouch

CROUCH, verb transitive [See Cross.] To sign with the cross; to bless. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Crouching

CROUCH'ING, participle of the present tense Bending; stooping; cringing.

Croup

CROUP, or CROOP, noun [French croupe, a ridge, top, buttocks; Spanish grupa; Portugese garupa; Italian groppa; Welsh crib; Russian krivei, crooked; krivlyu, to bend.]

1. The rump of a fowl; the buttocks of a horse, or extremity of the reins above the hips.

2. [Scot. croup. See Croop.] The cynanche trachealis, a disease of the throat.

Croupade

CROUPA'DE, or CROOPA'DE, noun [from croup, or its root.] In the manege, a leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs, as if he drew them up to his belly.

Encyc.

Crout

CROUT, or KROUT, noun [German kraut, cabbage, an herb; Dutch kruid.] Sour crout is made by laying minced or chopped cabbage in layers in a barrel, with a handful of salt and caraway seeds between the layers; then ramming down the whole, covering it, pressing it with a heavy weight, and suffering it to stand, till it has gone through fermentation. It is an efficacious preservative against scurvy in long voyages.

Encyc.

Crow

CROW, noun [Saxon crawe; Danish krage; Swedish krÃƒ-¥ka; Dutch kraai; German krÃƒ-¤he; so named from its cry, German krÃƒ-¤hen, Dutch kraaijen, Gothic hruk, a croaking, hrukyan, to croak or crow, Latin crocio, Greek,. It has no connection with Latin corvus, but rook is of the same family.]

1. A large black fowl, of the genus Corvus; the beak is convex and cultrated, the nostrils are covered with bristly feathers, the tongue is forked and cartilaginous. This is a voracious fowl, feeding on carrion and grain, particularly maiz, which it pulls up, just after it appears above ground.

To pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrious or contentious about a trifle, or thing of no value.

Johnson.

2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook or two claws, used in raising and moving heavy weights.

Moxon.

3. The voice of the cock. [See the Verb.]

Crow

CROW, verb intransitive pret. and pp. crowed; formerly, pret. crew. [Saxon crawan; Dutch kraaijen; German krÃƒ-¤hen; Greek. See the Noun.]

1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in joy, gayety or defiance.

2. To boast in triumph; to vaunt; to vapor; to swagger. [A popular, but not an elegant use of the word.]

Grandison.

Crow-Bar

CROW-BAR, noun A bar of iron sharpened at one end, used as a lever for raising weights.

Crow-Berry

CROW-BERRY, noun A plant of the genus Empetrum, or berry-bearing heath. One species bears the crow-crake berries.

Encyc.

Crows-Bill

CROW'S-BILL, noun In surgery, a kind of forceps for extracting bullets and other things from wounds.

Encyc.

Crows-Feet

CROW'S-FEET, noun The wrinkles under the eyes, which are the effects of age. Obs.

Chaucer.

Crow-Flower

CROW-FLOWER, noun A kind of campion.

Crow-Foot

CROW-FOOT, noun On board of ships, a complication of small cords spreading out from a long block; used to suspend the awnings, or to keep the top sails from striking and fretting against the tops.

Encyc.

2. In botany, the Ranunculus, a genus of plants.

Crows-Foot

CROW'S-FOOT, noun In the military art, a machine of iron, with four points, so formed that in whatever way it falls, there is one point upwards, and intended to stop or embarrass the approach or march of the enemy's cavalry; a caltrop.

Encyc.

Crowing

CROWING, participle of the present tense Uttering a particular voice, as a cock; boasting in triumph; vaunting; bragging.

Crow-Keeper

CROW-KEEPER, noun A scarecrow. [Not used.]

Shak.

Crow-Net

CROW-NET, noun In England, a net for catching wild fowls; the net used in New England for catching wild pigeons.

Crow-Silk

CROW-SILK, noun A plant, the Confervarivalis.

Fam. of Plants.

Crow-Toe

CROW-TOE, noun A plant; as the tufted crow-toe.

Milton.

Crowd

CROWD, or CROWTH, noun [Irish cruit; Welsh crwth, a swelling or bulging, a musical instrument.]

An instrument of music with six strings; a kind of violin.

Crowd

CROWD, noun [Saxon cruth, cread. See Crew.]

1. Properly, a collection; a number of things collected, or closely pressed together.

2. A number of persons congregated and pressed together, or collected into a close body without order; a throng. Hence,

3. A multitude; a great number collected.

4. A number of things near together; a number promiscuously assembled or lying near each other; as a crowd of isles in the Egean Sea.

5. The lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar.

Dryden.

Crowd

CROWD, verb transitive To press; to urge; to drive together.

2. To fill by pressing numbers together without order; as, to crowd a room with people; to crowd the memory with ideas.

3. To fill to excess.

Volumes of reports crowd a lawyer's library.

4. To encumber by multitudes.

Shak.

5. To urge; to press by solicitation; to dun.

6. In seamanship, to crowd sail, is to carry an extraordinary force of sail, with a view to accelerate the course of a ship, as in chasing or escaping from an enemy; to carry a press of sail.

Crowd

CROWD, verb intransitive To press in numbers; as, the multitude crowded through the gate or into the room.

2. To press; to urge forward; as, the man crowded into the room.

3. To swarm or be numerous.

Crowded

CROWD'ED, participle passive Collected and pressed; pressed together; urged; driven; filled by a promiscuous multitude.

Crowder

CROWD'ER, noun A fiddler; one who plays on a crowd.

Crowding

CROWD'ING, participle of the present tense Pressing together; pushing; thrusting; driving; assembling in a promiscuous multitude; filling; urging.

Crown

CROWN, noun [French couronne; Armoric curun; Welsh coron; Dutch kroon; German krone; Swedish krona; Danish krone; Irish coroin; Latin corona; Spanish Italian id.; Greek. The radical letters appear to be Cr, as corolla, without n, indicates. Qu. a top or roundness. See Chorus.]

1. An ornament worn on the head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of imperial or regal power and dignity. Figuratively, regal power; royalty; kingly government, or executive authority.

2. A wreath or garland.

3. Honorary distinction; reward.

They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; we, an incorruptible. 1 Corinthians 9.

4. Honor; splendor; dignity.

The crown has fallen from our heads. Lamentations 5. Philippians 4.

A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Proverbs 12.

5. The top of the head; the top of a mountain or other elevated object. The end of an anchor, or the point from which the arms proceed.

6. The part of a hat which covers the top of the head.

7. A coin anciently stamped with the figure of a crown. The English crown is five shillings sterling. The French crown is a hundred and nine cents. Other coins bear the same name.

8. Completion; accomplishment.

9. Clerical tonsure in a circular form; a little circle shaved on the top of the head, as a mark of ecclesiastical office or distinction.

10. Among jewelers, the upper work of a rose diamond.

11. In botany, an appendage to the top of a seed, which serves to bear it in the wind.

Crown

CROWN, verb transitive To invest with a crown or regal ornament. Hence, to invest with regal dignity and power.

2. To cover, as with a crown; to cover the top.

And peaceful olives crowned his hoary head.

Dryden.

3. To honor; to dignify; to adorn.

Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor. Psalm 8.

4. To reward; to bestow an honorary reward or distinction on; as the victor crowned with laurel.

5. To reward; to recompense.

She'll crown a grateful and a constant flame.

Roscommon.

6. To terminate or finish; to complete; to perfect.

7. To terminate and reward; as, our efforts were crowned with success.

Crowned

CROWN'ED, participle passive Invested with a crown, or with regal power and dignity; honored; dignified; rewarded with a crown, wreath, garland or distinction; recompensed; terminated; completed; perfected.

Crowner

CROWN'ER, noun He or that which crowns or completes.

Crownet

CROWN'ET, noun A coronet, which see. Shakspeare has used it for chief end or last purpose; but this sense is singular.

Crown-Glass

CROWN'-GLASS, noun The finest sort of English window-glass.

Crown-Imperial

CROWN-IMPE'RIAL, noun A plant of the genus Fritillaria, having a beautiful flower.

Crowning

CROWN'ING, participle of the present tense Investing with a crown, or with royalty or supreme power; honoring with a wreath or with distinction; adorning; rewarding; finishing; perfecting.

Crowning

CROWN'ING, noun In architecture, the finishing of a member or any ornamental work.

2. In marine language, the finishing part of a knot, or interweaving of the strands.

Crown-Office

CROWN'-OFFICE, noun In England, an office belonging to the court of King's Bench, of which the king's coroner or attorney is commonly master, and in which the attorney general and clerk exhibit informations for crimes and misdemeanors.

Crown-Post

CROWN'-POST, noun In building, a post which stands upright in the middle, between two principal rafters.

Bailey.

Crown-Scab

CROWN'-SCAB, noun A scab formed round the corners of a horse's hoof, a cancerous and painful sore.

Farrier's Dict.

Crown-Thistle

CROWN'-THISTLE, noun A flower.

Crown-Wheel

CROWN'-WHEEL, noun In a watch, the upper wheel next the balance, which drives the balance, and in royal pendulums, is called the swing-wheel.

Crown-Work

CROWN'-WORK, noun In fortification, an outwork running into the field, consisting of two demi-bastions at the extremes and an entire bastion in the middle, with curtains. It is designed to gain some hill or advantageous post, and cover the other works.

Dict.

Croylstone

CROYL'STONE, noun Crystalized cauk, in which the crystals are small.

Woodward. Johnson.

Crucial

CRU'CIAL, adjective [French cruciale, from Latin crux, a cross.]

In surgery, transverse; passing across; intersecting; in form of a cross; as crucial incision.

Sharp.

Crucian

CRU'CIAN, noun A short, thick, broad fish, of a deep yellow color.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Cruciate

CRU'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin crucio, to torture, from crux, a cross.]

To torture; to torment; to afflict with extreme pain or distress; but the verb is seldom used. [See Excruciate.]

Cruciate

CRU'CIATE, adjective Tormented. [Little used.]

Cruciation

CRUCIA'TION, noun The act of torturing; torment. [Little used.]

Hall.

Crucible

CRU'CIBLE, noun [Italian crogiuolo, and crociuolo; Spanish crisol; Portugese chrysol or crisol; French creuset; Dutch kroes, smelt-kroes. It is from crux, a cross, as Lunier supposes, from the figure of the cross, formerly attached to it. But qu.]

1. A chimical vessel or melting pot, made of earth, and so tempered and baked, as to endure extreme heat without melting. It is used for melting ores, metals, &c.

2. A hollow place at the bottom of a chimical furnace.

Fourcroy.

Cruciferous

CRUCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin crucifer; crux, a cross, and fero, to bear.] Bearing the cross.

Dict.

Crucifier

CRU'CIFIER, noun [See Crucify.] A person who crucifies; one who puts another to death on a cross.

Crucifix

CRU'CIFIX, noun [Latin crucifixus, from crucifigo, to fix to a cross; crux and figo, to fix.]

1. A cross on which the body of Christ is fastened in effigy.

Encyc.

2. A representation, in painting or statuary, of our Lord fastened to the cross.

Johnson.

3. Figuratively, the religion of Christ. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Crucifixion

CRUCIFIX'ION, noun [See Crucifix.] The nailing or fastening of a person to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death; the act or punishment of putting a criminal to death by nailing him to a cross.

Addison.

Cruciform

CRU'CIFORM, adjective [Latin crux, a cross, and forma, form.] Cross-shaped.

In botany, consisting of four equal petals, disposed in the form of a cross.

Martyn.

Crucify

CRU'CIFY, verb transitive [Latin crucifigo; crux, cross, and figo, to fix; French crucifier; Italian crocifiggere; Spanish crucificar.]

1. To nail to a cross; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or gibbet, sometimes anciently, by fastening a criminal to a tree, with cords.

Encyc.

But they cried, crucify him, crucify him. Luke 23.

2. In scriptural language, to subdue; to mortify; to destroy the power or ruling influence of.

They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh, with the affections and lusts. Galatians 5.

3. To reject and despise.

They crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh. Hebrews 6.

To be crucified with Christ, is to become dead to the law and to sin, and to have indwelling corruption subdued. Galatians 2 and 6.

4. To vex or torment. [Not used.]

Burton.

Crucifying

CRU'CIFYING, participle of the present tense Putting to death on a cross or gibbet; subduing; destroying the life and power of.

Crud

CRUD, noun Curd. [See Curd, the usual orthography.]

Crude

CRUDE, adjective [Latin crudus; French crud, cru; Spanish Italian crudo; Portugese cru; Armoric criz; Welsh cri; Dutch raauw; Saxon hreaw; German roh; raw; either from the root of cry, from roughness, [Welsh cri, a cry and crude;] or from the Arabic to eat, to corrode, to rankle, to become raw, Latin rodo, rosi. Class Rd. No. 35.]

1. Raw; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat; in its natural state; undressed; as crude flesh; crude meat. In this sense, raw is more generally used.

2. Not changed from its natural state; not altered or prepared by any artificial process; as crude salt; crude alum.

3. Rough; harsh; unripe; not mellowed by air or other means; as crude juice.

4. Unconcocted; not well digested in the stomach.

Bacon.

5. Not brought to perfection; unfinished; immature; as the crude materials of the earth.

Milton.

6. Having indigested notions.

Milton.

7. Indigested; not matured; not well formed, arranged, or prepared in the intellect; as, crude notions; a crude plan; a crude theory.

Milton.

Crudely

CRU'DELY, adverb Without due preparation; without form or arrangement; without maturity or digestion.

Crudeness

CRU'DENESS, noun Rawness; unripeness; an undigested or unprepared state; as the crudeness of flesh or plants, or of any body in its natural state.

2. A state of being unformed, or indigested; immatureness; as the crudeness of a theory.

Crudity

CRU'DITY, noun [Latin cruditas.] Rawness; crudeness. Among physicians, undigested substances in the stomach; or unconcocted humors, not well prepared for expulsion; excrements. In the latter senses, it admits of the plural.

Coxe. Encyc.

Crudle

CRUD'LE, verb transitive To coagulate. But this word is generally written curdle, which see.

Crudy

CRUD'Y, adjective Concreted; coagulated. [Not in use. See Curd.]

2. Raw; chill. [Not used. See Crude.]

Shak.

Cruel

CRU'EL, adjective [French cruel; Latin crudelis; Italian crudele. See Crude and Rude.]

1. Disposed to give pain to others, in body or mind; willing or pleased to torment, vex or afflict; inhuman; destitute of pity, compassion or kindness; fierce; ferocious; savage; barbarous; hardhearted; applied to persons or their dispositions.

They are cruel, and have no mercy. Jeremiah 6.

2. Inhuman; barbarous; savage; causing pain, grief or distress; exerted in tormenting, vexing or afflicting.

Cursed be their wrath, for it was cruel. Genesis 49.

The tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. Proverbs 12.

Others had trials of cruel mockings. Hebrews 11.

Cruelly

CRU'ELLY, adverb In a cruel manner; with cruelty; inhumanly; barbarously.

Because he cruelly oppressed, he shall die in his iniquity. Ezekiel 18.

2. Painfully; with severe pain, or torture; as, an instrument may cut the flesh most cruelly.

Cruelness

CRU'ELNESS, noun Inhumanity; cruelty.

Spenser.

Cruelty

CRU'ELTY, noun [Latin crudelitas; French cruautÃƒ-©.]

1. Inhumanity; a savage or barbarous disposition or temper, which is gratified in giving unnecessary pain or distress to others; barbarity; applied to persons; as the cruelty of savages; the cruelty and envy of the people.

Shak.

2. Barbarous deed; any act of a human being which inflicts unnecessary pain; any act intended to torment, vex or afflict, or which actually torments or afflicts, without necessity; wrong; injustice; oppression.

With force and with cruelty have ye ruled them. Ezekiel 34.

Cruentate

CRU'ENTATE, adjective [Latin cruentatus.] Smeared with blood. [Little used.]

Glanville.

Cruet

CRU'ET, noun [Qu. French creux, hollow, or cruchette, from cruche. See Cruse.]

A vial or small glass bottle, for holding vinegar, oil, &c.

Cruise

CRUISE, noun [See Cruse.]

Cruise

CRUISE, v. i. s as z. [Dutch kruissen, from kruis, a cross; German kreuzen; Danish krydser; French croiser. See Cross.]

To sail back and forth, or to rove on the ocean in search of an enemy's ships for capture, or for protecting commerce; or to rove for plunder as a pirate. The admiral cruised between the Bahama. isles and Cuba. We cruised off Cape Finisterre. A pirate was cruising in the gulf of Mexico.

Cruise

CRUISE, noun A voyage made in crossing courses; a sailing to and fro in search of an enemy's ships, or by a pirate in search of plunder.

Cruiser

CRUISER, noun A person or a ship that cruises; usually, an armed ship that sails to and fro for capturing an enemy's ships, for protecting the commerce of the country, or for plunder.

Cruising

CRUISING, participle of the present tense Sailing for the capture of an enemy's ships, or for protecting commerce, or for plunder as a pirate.

Crum

CRUM, noun [Sax cruma; Dutch kruim; German krume; Hebrew Chaldee to gnaw, or break. Class Rm. No. 14. 16. 19. 25. 26.]

A small fragment or piece; usually, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut off.

Lazarus, desiring to be fed with the crums which fell from the rich man's table. Luke 16.

Crum

CRUM, verb transitive To break or cut into small pieces; as, to crum bread into milk.

Crumble

CRUM'BLE, verb transitive [Dutch kruimelen; German krÃƒ-¼meln.]

To break into small pieces; to divide into minute parts.

Crumble

CRUM'BLE, verb intransitive To fall into small pieces; to break or part into small fragments.

I a stone is brittle, it will crumble into gravel.

Arbuthnot.

2. To fall to decay; to perish; as, our flesh shall crumble into dust.

Crumbled

CRUM'BLED, participle passive Broken or parted into small pieces.

Crumbling

CRUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Breaking into small fragments; falling into small pieces; decaying.

Crumenal

CRU'MENAL, noun [Latin crumena.] A purse. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Crummy

CRUM'MY, adjective Full of crums; soft.

Crump

CRUMP, adjective [Saxon crump; Dutch krom; German krumm; Danish krum; Welsh crom, crwm, crooked; Irish crom, whence cromaim, to bend, croman, the hip-bone, the rump. Crump, rump, rumple, crumple, crimple, are doubtless of one family.]

Crooked; as crump-shouldered.

Crumpet

CRUMP'ET, noun A soft cake.

Crumple

CRUMP'LE, verb intransitive [from crump. See Rumple, the same word without a prefix.]

To draw or press into wrinkles or folds; to rumple.

Addison.

Crumple

CRUMP'LE, verb intransitive To contract; to shrink.

Smith.

Crumpled

CRUMP'LED, participle passive Drawn or pressed into wrinkles.

Crumpling

CRUMP'LING, participle of the present tense Drawing or pressing into wrinkles.

Crumpling

CRUMP'LING, noun A small degenerate apple.

Johnson.

Crunk

CRUNK, or CRUN'KLE, verb intransitive To cry like a crane. [Not used.]

Cruor

CRU'OR, noun [Latin] Gore; coagulated blood.

Greenhill.

Crup

CRUP, or CROUP, noun The buttocks.

Crup

CRUP, adjective Short; brittle [Not in use.]

Crupper

CRUP'PER, noun [French croupiere; Italian groppiera; Spanish grupera; from croupe, groppa, grupa, a ridge, the buttocks of a horse. See Croup.]

1. In the manege, the buttocks of a horse; the rump.

2. A strap of leather which is buckled to a saddle, and passing under a horse's tail, prevents the saddle from being cast forward on to the horse's neck.

Crupper

CRUP'PER, verb transitive To put a crupper on; as, to crupper a horse.

Crural

CRU'RAL, adjective [Latin cruralis, from crus, cruris, the leg.]

Belonging to the leg; as the crural artery, which conveys blood to the legs, and the crural vein, which returns it.

Encyc.

Crusade

CRUSA'DE, noun [French croisade; Italian crociata; Spanish cruzada; from Latin crux, French croix, Spanish cruz, Italian croce, a cross. Class Rg.]

A military expedition undertaken by christians, for the recovery of the Holy Land, the scene of our Savior's life and sufferings, from the power of infidels or Mohammedans. Several of these expeditions were carried on from Europe, under the banner of the cross, from which the name originated.

Crusade

CRUSA'DE, noun A Portuguese coin, stamped with a cross.

Crusader

CRUSA'DER, noun A person engaged in a crusade.

Robertson.

Cruse

CRUSE, noun [Dutch kroes. See Crucible.] A small cup.

Take with thee a cruse of honey. 1 Kings 14.

In New England, it is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vinegar, called a vinegar-cruse.

Cruset

CRU'SET, noun [French creuset, formerly croiset. See Crucible.]

A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.

Phillips.

Crush

CRUSH, verb transitive [French ecraser; Irish scriosam. In Swedish krossa, in Danish kryster signifies, to squeeze. In Italian croscio is a crushing; and crosciare, to throw, strike, pour, or rain hard. There are many words in the Shemitic languages which coincide with crush in elements and signification. Chaldee Hebrew Syriac to break in pieces; Arabic id.; Ethiopic to grind, whence grist; Hebrew and Chaldee, and Chaldee Syriac Hebrew to break, to crush; Arabic the same. So crash, in English, and French briser, Armoric freusa, to bruise. See Class Rd. No. 16. 20. 22. 41. 48. and Syriac No. 36. See Rush.]

1. To press and bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to thing out of its natural shape; to bruise by pressure.

The assÃ‚--crushed Balaam's foot against the wall. Numbers 22.

To crush grapes or apples, is to squeeze them till bruised and broken, so that the juice escapes. Hence, to crush out, is to force out by pressure.

2. To press with violence; to force together into a mass.

3. To overwhelm by pressure; to beat or force down, by an incumbent weight, with breaking or bruising; as, the man was crushed by the fall of a tree.

To crush the pillars which the pile sustain.

Dryden.

Who are crushed before the moth. Job 4.

4. To overwhelm by power; to subdue; to conquer beyond resistance; as, to crush one's enemies; to crush a rebellion.

5. To oppress grievously.

Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed always. Deuteronomy 28.

6. To bruise and break into fine particles by beating or grinding; to comminute.

Crush

CRUSH, verb intransitive To be pressed into a smaller compass by external weight or force.

Crush

CRUSH, noun A violent collision, or rushing together, which breaks or bruises the bodies; or a fall that breaks or bruises into a confused mass; as the crush of a large tree, or of a building.

The wrecks of matter, and the crush of worlds.

Addison.

Crushed

CRUSH'ED, participle passive Pressed or squeezed so as to break or bruise; overwhelmed or subduced by power; broken or bruised by a fall; grievously oppressed; broken or bruised to powder; comminuted.

Crushing

CRUSH'ING, participle of the present tense Pressing or squeezing into a mass, or until broken or bruised; overwhelming; subduing by force; oppressing; comminuting.

Crust

CRUST, noun [Latin crusta; French croÃƒ-»te; Italian crosta; Dutch korst; German kruste; Welsh crest, from cresu, to parch or scorch, cres, a hardening by heat. But the primary sense is probably to shrink, contract, harden, whether by cold or heat, and it is probably allied to crystal, freeze, crisp, &c. See Class Rd. No. 19. 33. 73. 76. 83. 85. 88.]

1. An external coat or covering of a thing, which is hard or harder than the internal substance; as the crust of bread; the crust of snow; the crust of dross; the crust of a pie.

2. A piece of crust; a waste piece of bread.

Dryden. L'Estrange.

3. A shell, as the hard covering of a crab and some other animals.

4. A scab.

5. The superficial substances of the earth are, in geology, called its crust.

Crust

CRUST, verb transitive To cover with a hard case or coat; to spread over the surface a substance harder than the matter covered; to incrust; as, to crust a thing with clay; to crust cake with sugar; crusted with bark.

Addison.

2. To cover with concretions.

Swift.

Crust

CRUST, verb intransitive To gather or contract into a hard covering; to concrete or freeze, as superficial matter.

Crustaceology

CRUSTACEOLOGY. [See Crustalogy.]

Crustaceous

CRUSTA'CEOUS, adjective [French crustacÃƒ-©e, from Latin crusta.]

Pertaining to crust; like crust; of the nature of crust or shell. Crustaceous animals, or Crustacea, have a crust or shell composed of several jointed pieces, and in their external form have a great resemblance to insects; but in their internal structure and economy, they are quite different. They were arranged by Linne, in the same class with the insects, but now form a class by themselves. They include the crab, lobster, shrimp, &c.

Ed. Encyc.

Crustaceousness

CRUSTA'CEOUSNESS, noun The quality of having a soft and jointed shell.

Crustalogical

CRUSTALOG'ICAL, adjective [See Crustalogy.] Pertaining to crustalogy.

Crustalogist

CRUSTAL'OGIST, noun One who describes, or is versed in the science of crustaceous animals.

Crustalogy

CRUSTAL'OGY, noun [Latin crusta, a shell, and Greek, discourse.]

That part of zoology which treats of crustaceous animals, arranging them in orders, tribes and families, and describing their forms and habits.

[Crustaceology, the word sometimes used, is ill-formed, and its derivatives inconveniently long. Who can endure such words as crustaceological?]

Crustated

CRUST'ATED, adjective Covered with a crust; as crustated basalt.

Encyc.

Crustation

CRUSTA'TION, noun An adherent crust; incrustation.

Crusted

CRUST'ED, participle passive Covered with a crust.

Crustily

CRUST'ILY, adverb [from crusty.] Peevishly; harshly; morosely.

Crustiness

CRUST'INESS, noun The quality of crust; hardness.

2. Peevishness; moroseness; surliness.

Crusting

CRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Covering with crust.

Crusty

CRUST'Y, adjective Like crust; of the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering; hard; as a crusty coat; a crusty surface or substance.

2. Peevish; snappish; morose; surly; a word used in familiar discourse, but not deemed elegant.

Crutch

CRUTCH, noun [Italian croccia, or gruccia; Dutch kruk; German krÃƒ-¼cke; S. krycka; Danish krykke; radically the same as crotch and crook.]

1. A staff with a curving cross piece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the lame in walking.

2. Figuratively, old age.

Shak.

Crutch

CRUTCH, verb transitive To support on crutches; to prop or sustain, with miserable helps, that which is feeble.

Two fools that crutch their feeble sense on verse.

Dryden.

Crux

CRUX, noun [Latin crux, a cross.] Any thing that puzzles and vexes. [Little used.]

Dr. Sheridan.

Cruyshage

CRU'YSHAGE, noun A fish of the shark kind, having a triangular head and mouth.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cry

CRY, verb intransitive pret. and pp. cried. It ought to be cryed. [French crier. The Welsh has cri, a cry, and rough, raw, criaw, to cry, clamor or weep; and crevu, to cry, to crave; both deduced by Owen from cre, a combining cause, a principle, beginning or first motion; also, what pervades or penetrates, a cry. This is the root of create, or from the same root. Cre, Owen deduces from rhe, with the prefix cy; and rhe, he renders a run or swift motion. This is certainly contracted from rhed, a race, the root of ride; Owen to the contrary notwithstanding. All the senses of these words unite in that of shooting forth, driving forward or producing. There is a class of words a little different from the foregoing, which exactly give the sense of cry. Italian gridare; Spanish and Portugese gritar; Saxon groedan; Swedish grÃƒ-¥ta; Danish groeder; Dutch kryten; Welsh grydiaw, to utter a rough sound, from rhyd, the Welsh root of crydu, to shake or tremble, whence cradle. [Welsh creth, a trembling or shivering with cold, from cre; also, constitution, disposition.] The latter root rhyd, crydu, would give cri, rough, raw, crude. Cry is a contracted word; but whether from the former or latter class of roots, may be less obviousÃ‚--possibly all are from one source. If not, I think cry is from the French crier, and this from gridare, gritar.]

1. To utter a loud voice; to speak, call or exclaim with vehemence; in a very general sense.

2. To call importunately; to utter a loud voice, by way of earnest request or prayer.

The people cried to Pharoah for bread. Genesis 41.

The people cried to Moses, and he prayed. Numbers 11.

3. To utter a loud voice in weeping; to utter the voice of sorrow; to lament.

But ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. Isaiah 65.

Esau cried with a great and bitter cry. Genesis 27.

Also, to weep or shed tears in silence; a popular use of the word.

4. To utter a loud sound in distress; as, Heshbon shall cry. Isaiah 15.

He giveth food to the young ravens which cry. Psalm 147.

5. To exclaim; to utter a loud voice; with out.

And, lo, a spirit taketh him, and he suddenly crieth out. Luke 9.

6. To proclaim; to utter a loud voice, in giving public notice.

Go, and cry in the ears of Jerusalem. Jeremiah 2.

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness. Isaiah 40.

7. To bawl; to squall; as a child.

8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the uttering of a loud voice by other animals.

To cry against, to exclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, threatening or censure.

Arise, go to Nineveh, and cry against it. Jonah 1.

To cry out, to exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor.

2. To complain loudly.

To cry out against, to complain loudly, with a view to censure; to blame; to utter censure.

To cry to, to call on in prayer; to implore.

Cry

CRY, verb transitive To proclaim; to name loudly and publicly for giving notice; as, to cry goods; to cry a lost child.

To cry down, to decry; to depreciate by words or in writing; to dispraise; to condemn.

Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be under the restraints of it.

Tillotson.

2. To overbear.

Cry down this fellow's insolence.

Shak.

To cry up, to praise; to applaud; to extol; as, to cry up a man's talents or patriotism, or a woman's beauty; to cry up the administration.

2. To raise the price by proclamation; as, to cry up certain coins. [Not in use.]

Temple.

To cry off, in the vulgar dialect, is to publish intentions of marriage.

Cry

CRY, noun plu. cries. In a general sense, a lound sound uttered by the month of an animal; applicable to the voice of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate.

2. A loud or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation; it may be a shriek or scream.

And there shall be a great cry in all the land of Egypt. Exodus 11.

3. Clamor; outcry; as, war, war, is the public cry.

And there arose a great cry. Acts 23.

4. Exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or of other passion.

5. Proclamation; public notice.

At midnight there was a cry made. Matthew 25.

6. The notices of hawkers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries; as the cries of London.

7. Acclamation; expression of popular favor.

The cry went once for thee.

Shak.

8. A loud voice in distress, prayer or request; importunate call.

He forgetteth not the cry of the humble. Psalm 9.

There was a great cry in Egypt. Exodus 12.

9. Public reports or complaints; noise; fame.

Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is greatÃ‚--I will go down, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it. Genesis 18.

10. Bitter complaints of oppression and injustice.

He looked for righteousness, and behold a cry. Isaiah 5.

11. The sound or voice of irrational animals; expression of joy, fright, alarm, or want; as the cries of fowls, the yell or yelping of dogs, &c.

12. A pack of dogs.

Shak.

Cryal

CRY'AL, noun [Welsh cregyr, a screamer.] The heron.

Ainsworth.

Cryer

CRY'ER, noun A crier, which see.

Cryer

CRY'ER, noun A kind of hawk, called the falcon gentle, an enemy to pigeons, and very swift.

Ainsworth.

Crying

CRY'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering a loud voice; proclaiming; &c.

Crying

CRY'ING, adjective Notorious; common; great; as a crying sin or abuse.

Addison.

Crying

CRY'ING, noun Importunate call; clamor; outcry.

Cryolite

CRY'OLITE, noun [Greek, cold, and, stone, ice-stone.]

A fluate of soda and alumin, found in Greenland, of a pale grayish white, snow white, or yellowish brown. It occurs in masses of a foliated structure. It has a glistening, vitreous luster.

Jameson. Cleaveland.

Cryophorus

CRYOPH'ORUS, noun [Greek, frost, and, to bear.]

Frost-bearer; an instrument for showing the relation between evaporation at low temperatures and the production of cold.

Wollaston.

Crypt

CRYPT, noun [Greek, to hide.] A subterranean cell or cave, especially under a church for the interment of persons; also, a subterranean chapel or oratory, and the grave of a martyr.

Cryptic

CRYP'TIC, or CRYP'TICAL, adjective [supra.] Hidden; secret; occult.

Watts.

Cryptically

CRYP'TICALLY, adverb Secretly.

Cryptogam

CRYP'TOGAM, noun [See Cryptogamy.] In botany, a plant whose stamens and pistils are not distinctly visible.

Cryptogamian

CRYPTOGAM'IAN, adjective Pertaining to plants of the class Cryptogamia, including ferns, mosses, sea-weeds, mushrooms, &c.

Cryptogamy

CRYPTOG'AMY, noun [Greek, concealed, and, marriage.]

Concealed marriage; a term applied to plants whose stamens and pistils are not well ascertained, or too small to be numbered with certainty.

Smith. Ed. Encyc.

Cryptographer

CRYPTOG'RAPHER, noun One who writes in secret characters.

Cryptographical

CRYPTOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.

Cryptography

CRYPTOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, hidden, and, to write.]

The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters or cypher.

Cryptology

CRYPTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, secret, and, discourse.] Secret or enigmatical language.

Crystal

CRYS'TAL, noun [Latin crystallus; Greek; French cristal; Spanish cristal; Italian cristallo; Dutch kristal; German krystall; Welsh crisial, from cris, it is said, a hard crust. It is from the same root as crisp, and Welsh cresu, to parch, crest, a crust, crasu, to roast. The Greek, from which we have the word, is composed of the root of, frost, a contracted word, probably from the root of the Welsh words, supra, and, to set. The primary sense of the Welsh words is to shrink, draw, contract; a sense equally applicable to the effects of heat and cold. Qu. Arabic karasa, Chaldee kerash, to congeal. Class Rd. No. 83. 85.]

1. In chimistry and mineralogy, an inorganic body, which, by the operation of affinity, has assumed the form of a regular solid, terminated by a certain number of plane and smooth surfaces.

Cleaveland.

2. A factitious body, cast in glass houses, called crystal glass; a species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture, than common glass. The best kind is the Venice crystal. It is called also factitious crystal or paste.

Encyc. Nicholson.

3. A substance of any kind having the form of a crystal.

4. The glass of a watch-case.

Rock crystal, or mountain crystal, a general name for all the transparent crystals of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.

Iceland crystal, a variety of calcarious spar, or crystalized carbonate of lime, brought from Iceland. It occurs in laminated masses, easily divisible into rhombs, and is remarkable for its double refraction.

Cleaveland.

Crystal

CRYS'TAL, adjective Consisting of crystal, or like crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid.

By crystal streams that murmur through the meads.

Dryden.

Crystal-Form

CRYS'TAL-FORM, adjective Having the form of crystal.

Encyc.

Crystaline

CRYS'TALINE, adjective [Latin crystallinus; Greek.]

1. Consisting of crystal; as a crystaline palace.

Shak.

2. Resembling crystal; pure; clear; transparent; pellucid; as a crystaline sky.

Milton.

Crystaline heavens, in ancient astronomy, two spheres imagined between the primum mobile and the firmament, in the Ptolemaic system, which supposed the heavens to be solid and only susceptible of a single motion.

Encyc.

Crystaline humor, Crystaline lens, a lentiform pellucid body, composed of a very white, transparent, firm substance, inclosed in a membranous capsule, and situated in a depression in the anterior part of the vitreous humor of the eye. It is somewhat convex, and serves to transmit and refract the rays of light to the vitreous humor.

Encyc. Hooper.

Crystalizable

CRYS'TALIZABLE, adjective [from crystalize.] That may be crystalized; that may form or be formed into crystals.

Clavigero. Lavoisier.

Crystalization

CRYSTALIZA'TION, noun [from crystalize.] The act or process by which the parts of a solid body, separated by the intervention of a fluid or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and form a solid body. If the process is slow and undisturbed, the particles assume a regular arrangement, each substance taking a determine and regular form, according to its natural laws; but if the process is rapid or disturbed, the substance takes an irregular form. This process is the effect of refrigeration or evaporation.

Lavoisier. Kirwan.

2. The mass or body formed by the process of crystalizing.

Woodward.

Crystalize

CRYS'TALIZE, verb transitive To cause to form crystals.

Common salt is crystalized by the evaporation of sea water.

Crystalize

CRYS'TALIZE, verb intransitive To be converted into a crystal; to unite, as the separate particles of a substance, and form a determinate and regular solid.

Each species of salt crystalizes in a peculiar form.

Lavoisier.

Crystalized

CRYS'TALIZED, participle passive Formed into crystals.

Crystalizing

CRYS'TALIZING, participle of the present tense Causing to crystalize; forming or uniting in crystals.

Crystallite

CRYS'TALLITE, noun A name given to whinstone, cooled slowly after fusion.

Hall. Thomson.

Crystalographer

CRYSTALOG'RAPHER, noun [infra.] One who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation.

Crystalographic

CRYSTALOGRAPH'IC, or CRYSTALOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to crystalography.

Crystalographically

CRYSTALOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of crystalography.

Crystalography

CRYSTALOG'RAPHY, noun [crystal, as above, and, description.]

1. The doctrine or science of crystalization, teaching the principles of the process, and the forms and structure of crystals.

2. A discourse or treatise on crystalization.

Cub

CUB, noun [allied perhaps to Irish caobh, a branch, a shoot. But the origin of the word is uncertain.]

1. The young of certain quadrupeds, as of the bear and the fox; a puppy; a whelp. Waller uses the word for the young of the whale.

2. A young boy or girl, in contempt.

Shak. Congreve.

Cub

CUB, noun A stall for cattle. [Not in use.]

Cub

CUB, verb transitive To bring forth a cub, or cubs. In

contempt, to bring forth young, as a woman.

Dryden.

Cub

CUB, verb transitive To shut up or confine. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Cubation

CUBA'TION, noun [Latin cubatio, from cubo, to lie down.]

The act of lying down; a reclining.

Dict.

Cubatory

CU'BATORY, adjective Lying down; reclining; incumbent.

Dict.

Cubature

CU'BATURE, noun [from cube.] The finding exactly the solid or cubic contents of a body.

Harris.

Cube

CUBE, noun [Greek; Latin cubus, a die or cube; French cube; Italian cubo; Spanish cubo; Portugese cubo. In the two latter languages, it signifies also a pail or tub, and in Portugese the nave of a wheel. Welsh cub, a bundle, heap or aggregate, a cube; Chaldee to square, to form into a cube; the game of dice, Greek. It seems to be allied to Latin cubo, to set or throw down, and to signify that which is set or laid, a solid mass.]

1. In geometry, a regular solid body, with six equal sides, and containing equal angles.

2. In arithmetic, the product of a number multiplied into itself, and that product multiplied into the same number; or it is formed by multiplying any number twice by itself; as, 4 X 4=16, and 16 X 4=64, the cube of 4.

The law of the planets is, that the squares of the times of their revolutions are in proportion to the cubes of their mean distances.

Cube root, is the number or quantity, which, multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces the cube; or which, twice multiplied into itself, produces the number of which it is the root; thus, 3 is the cube root or side of 27, for 3 X 3=9, and 3 X 9=27.

Cube-Ore

CUBE-ORE, noun Hexahedral olivenite, or arseniate of iron, a mineral of a greenish color.

Ure.

Cubeb

CU'BEB, noun [Arabic. Class Gb. No. 45. Spanish cubeba.]

The small spicy berry of the Piper cubeba, from Java and the other E. India isles. It was formerly called, from its short stems, Piper caudatum, or tailed pepper. It resembles a grain of pepper, but is somewhat longer. In aromatic warmth and pungency, it is far inferior to pepper.

Coxe. Encyc.

Cubic

CU'BIC, or CU'BICAL, adjective [Latin cubicus, from cubus. See Cube.]

Having the form or properties of a cube; that may be or is contained within a cube. A cubic foot of water is the water that may be contained within six equal sides, each a foot square.

Cubic number, is a number produced by multiplying a number into itself, and that product by the same number; or it is the number arising from the multiplication of a square number by its root. [See Cube.]

Cubicalness

CU'BICALNESS, noun The state or quality of being cubical.

Cubicular

CUBIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin cubiculum.] Belonging to a chamber.

Cubiculary

CUBIC'ULARY, adjective [Latin cubiculum, a bedroom.]

Fitted for the posture of lying down. [Little used.]

Brown.

Cubiform

CU'BIFORM, adjective Having the form of a cube.

Coxe.

Cubit

CU'BIT, noun [Latin cubitus, the elbow; Greek; probably allied to Latin cubo, and signifying a turn or corner.]

1. In anatomy, the fore arm; the ulna, a bone of the arm from the elbow to the wrist.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. In mensuration, the length of a man's arm from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger. The cubit among the ancients was of a different length among different nations. Dr. Arbuthnot states the Roman cubit at seventeen inches and four tenths; the cubit of the scriptures at a little less than 22 inches; and the English cubit at 18 inches.

Encyc.

Cubital

CU'BITAL, adjective Of the length or measure of a cubit.

Brown.

2. Pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as the cubital nerve; cubital artery; cubital muscle.

Hooper. Coxe.

Cubited

CU'BITED, adjective Having the measure of a cubit.

Sheldon.

Cubo-Dodecahedral

CUBO-DODECAHE'DRAL, adjective Presenting the two forms, a cube and a dodecahedron.

Cleaveland.

Cuboid

CU'BOID, adjective Having the form of a cube, or differing little from it.

Cuboidal

CUBOID'AL, adjective [Greek, cube, and, form.]

Cubiform; in the shape of a cube; as the cuboidal bone of the foot.

Walsh.

Cubo-Octahedral

CUBO-OCTAHE'DRAL, adjective [cube and octahedral.]

Presenting a combination of the two forms, a cube and an octahedron.

Cleaveland.

Cuckingstool

CUCK'INGSTOOL, noun [Qu. from choke.] An engine for punishing scolds and refractory women; also brewers and bakers; called also a tumbrel and a trebuchet. The culprit was seated on the stool and thus immersed in water.

Old Law.

Cuckold

CUCK'OLD, noun [Chaucer, cokewold. The first syllable is French cocu, which seems to be the first syllable of coucou, cuckow; Welsh cog; Swedish g?k; Danish giÃƒ-¶g. The Dutch call a cuckold, hoorndraager, a horn-wearer; and the Germans, hahnrei, from hahn, a cock; the Spaniards and Portuguese, cornudo, Ital. cornuto, horned; French cornard, obs. See Spelman's Glossary, voc. Arga.]

A man whose wife is false to his bed; the husband of an adulteress.

Swift.

Cuckold

CUCK'OLD, verb transitive To make a man a cuckold by criminal conversation with his wife; applied to the seducer.

Shak.

2. To make a husband a cuckold by criminal conversation with another man; applied to the wife.

Dryden.

Cuckolddom

CUCK'OLDDOM, noun The act of adultery; the state of a cuckold.

Johnson. Dryden.

Cuckoldly

CUCK'OLDLY, adjective Having the qualities of a cuckold; mean; sneaking.

Shak.

Cuckold-Maker

CUCK'OLD-MAKER, noun One who has criminal conversation with another man's wife; one who makes a cuckold.

Dryden.

Cuckoo

CUCK'OO, noun [Latin cuculus; Greek; French coucou; Armoric coucouq; Saxon geac; Danish giÃƒ-¶g; Swedish g?k; Welsh cog; Dutch koekoek; German kuckuck; Spanish cuco or cuclillo; Italian cuculo. See Gawk.]

A bird of the genus Cuculus, whose name is supposed to be called from its note. The note is a call to love, and continued only during the amorous season. It is said the cuckoo lays its eggs in a nest formed by another bird, by which they are hatched.

Cuckoo-Flower

CUCK'OO-FLOWER, or CUCK'OO-BUD, noun A plant, a species of Cardamine.

Cuckoo-Pint

CUCK'OO-PINT, noun A plant, of the genus Arum.

Cuckoo-Spit

CUCK'OO-SPIT, or CUCK'OO-SPITTLE, noun A dew or exudation found on plants, especially about the joints of lavender and rosemary.

Brown.

Or a froth or spume found on the leaves of certain plants, as on white field-lychnis or catch-fly, called sometimes spatling poppy.

Encyc.

Cucquean

CUC'QUEAN, noun [French coquine.] A vile lewd woman. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Cucullate

CU'CULLATE, or CU'CULLATED, adjective [Latin cucullatus, from cucullus, a hood, a cowl.]

1. Hooded; cowled; covered as with a hood.

2. Having the shape or resemblance of a hood; or wide at the top and drawn to a point below, in shape of a conical roll of paper; as a cucullate leaf.

Cucumber

CU'CUMBER, noun [French coucombre, or concombre, from Latin cucumer or cucumis; Spanish cohombro; Dutch komkommer; Irish cucamhar.]

The name of a plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucumis. The flower is yellow and bell-shaped; and the stalks are long, slender and trailing on the ground, or climbing by their claspers.

Cucurbit

CU'CURBIT, noun [Latin cucurbita, a gourd; Italian id.; French cucurbite; from Latin curvitas.]

A chimical vessel in the shape of a gourd; but some of them are shallow, with a wide mouth. It may be made of copper, glass, tin or stone ware, and is used in distillation. This vessel, with its head or cover, constitutes the alembic.

Cucurbitaceous

CUCURBITA'CEOUS, adjective Resembling a gourd; as cucurbitaceous plants, such as the melon and pumpkin or pompion.

Milne. Martyn.

Cud

CUD, noun [As this word is often vulgarly pronounced quid, I suspect it to be a corruption of the Dutch kaauwd, gekaauwd, chewed, from kaauwen, to chew, Armoric chaguein, Saxon ceowan. See Chew and Jaw.]

1. The food which ruminating animals chew at leisure, when not grazing or eating; or that portion of it which is brought from the first stomach and chewed at once.

2. A portion of tobacco held in the month and chewed.

3. The inside of the mouth or throat of a beast that chews the cud.

Encyc.

Cudden

CUD'DEN, or CUD'DY, noun A clown; a low rustic; a dolt. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Cuddle

CUD'DLE, verb intransitive [Armoric cuddyo; Welsh cuziaw, to hide, to lurk, to cover or keep out of sight; Saxon cudele, the cuttle-fish. Qu. hide and cheat. See Class Gd. No. 26. 30. 31. 38.]

To retire from sight; to lie close or snug; to squat.

Prior.

Cuddy

CUD'DY, noun In ships, an apartment; a cabin under the poop, or a cook-room. It is applied to different apartments, in different kinds of ships.

2. The cole-fish.

Cudgel

CUD'GEL, noun [Welsh cogel, from cog, a mass, lump, or short piece of wood. The Scot.

cud, Teut. kodde, kudse, is a different word; dg in English being generally from g, as in pledge, bridge, alledge, &c.]

A short thick stick of wood, such as may be used by the hand in beating. It differs strictly from a club, which is larger at one end than the other. It is shorter than a pole, and thicker than a rod.

Dryden. Locke.

To cross the cudgels, to forbear the contest; a phrase borrowed from the practice of cudgel-players, who lay one cudgel over another.

Johnson.

Cudgel

CUD'GEL, verb transitive To beat with a cudgel, or thick stick.

Swift.

2. To beat in general.

Shak.

Cudgeller

CUD'GELLER, noun One who beats with a cudgel.

Cudgel-Proof

CUD'GEL-PROOF, adjective Able to resist a cudgel; not to be hurt by beating.

Hudibras.

Cudle

CUD'LE, noun [Qu. Scot. cuddie.] A small sea fish.

Carew.

Cudweed

CUD'WEED, noun A plant of the genus Gnaphalium, goldy-locks or eternal flower, of many species. The flowers are remarkable for retaining their beauty for years, if gathered in dry weather.

Encyc.

Cue

CUE, noun [French queue; Latin cauda; Italian Spanish coda.] The tail; the end of a thing; as the long curl of a wig, or a long roll of hair.

2. The last words of a speech, which a player, who is to answer, catches and regards as an intimation to begin. A hint given to an actor on the stage, what or when to speak.

Johnson. Encyc.

3. A hint; an intimation; a short direction.

Swift.

4. The part which any man is to play in his turn.

Were it my cue to fight.

Shak.

5. Humor; turn or temper of mind. [Vulgar.]

6. A farthing, or farthing's worth.

Beaum.

7. The straight rod, used in playing billiards.

Cuerpo

CUER'PO, noun [Spanish cuerpo, Latin corpus, body.] To be in cuerpo, or to walk in cuerpo, are Spanish phrases for being without a cloke or upper garment, or without the formalities of a full dress, so that the shape of the body is exposed.

Encyc.

Cuff

CUFF, noun [Pers. kafa, a blow; Chaldee id.; Arabic nakafa, to strike; Hebrew, to strike off, to sever by striking, to kill. The French coup coincides with cuff in elements, but it is supposed to be contracted from Italian colpo, Latin colaphus. Cuff however agrees with the Greek.]

1. A blow with the fist; a stroke; a box.

Shak. Swift.

2. It is used of fowls that fight with their talons.

Johnson.

To be at fisty-cuffs, to fight with blows of the fist.

Cuff

CUFF, verb transitive To strike with the fist, as a man; or with talons or wings, as a fowl.

Congreve. Dryden.

Cuff

CUFF, verb intransitive To fight; to scuffle.

Dryden.

Cuff

CUFF, noun [This word probably. signifies a fold or doubling; Arabic to double the border and sew together; Chaldee to bend; Hebrew; Greek; Low Latin cippus. Class Gb. No. 65. 68. 75.]

The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sloeve turned back from the hand.

Arbuthnot.

Cuinage

CUIN'AGE, noun The making up of tin into pigs, &c., for carriage.

Bailey. Cowel.

Cuirass

CUIRASS', n. kweras'. [French cuirasse; Italian corazza; Spanish coraza; Portugese couraÃƒ-§a; Welsh curas. Qu. from cor, the heart.]

A breast-plate; a piece of defensive armor, made of iron plate, well hammered, and covering the body from the neck to the girdle.

Encyc.

Cuirassier

CUIRASSIE'R, n. kwerassee'r. A soldier armed with a cuirass, or breast-plate.

Milton.

Cuish

CUISH, n. kwis. [French cuisse, the thigh or leg; Welsh coes; Irish cos.]

Defensive armor for the thighs.

Shak. Dryden.

Culdee

CUL'DEE, noun [Latin cultores dei, worshipers of God.]

A monkish priest, remarkable for religious duties. The Culdees formerly inhabited Scotland, Ireland and Wales.

Encyc.

Culerage

CU'LERAGE, noun [French cul.] Another name of the arse-smart.

Culiciform

CU'LICIFORM, adjective [Latin culex, a gnat or flea, and forma, form.]

Of the form or shape of a flea; resembling a flea.

Encyc.

Culinary

CU'LINARY, adjective [Latin culinarius, from culina, a kitchen, Welsh cyl. See Kiln.]

Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery; used in kitchens; as a culinary fire; a culinary vessel; culinary herbs.

Newton.

Cull

CULL, verb transitive [Qu. French cueillir, Italian cogliere, to gather; Norm. culhir; Italian scegliere. To cull, is rather to separate, or to take.]

To pick out; to separate one or more things from others; to select from many; as, to cull flowers; to cull hoops and staves for market.

Pope. Prior. Laws of Conn.

Culled

CULL'ED, participle passive Picked out; selected from many.

Culler

CULL'ER, noun One who who picks or chooses from many.

2. An inspector who selects merchantable hoops and staves for market.

Laws of Mass. and Conn.

Cullibility

CULLIBIL'ITY, noun [from cully.] Credulity; easiness of belief. [Not elegant nor used.]

Swift.

Culling

CULL'ING, participle of the present tense Selecting; choosing from many.

Cullion

CULL'ION, n. cul'yon. [Italian coglione.] A mean wretch. If from cully, one easily deceived; a dupe.

Dryden.

2. A round or bulbous root; orchis. Latin coleus.

Cullionly

CULL'IONLY, adjective Mean; base. [A bad word, and not used.]

Shak.

Cullis

CUL'LIS, noun [French coulis, from couler, to strain.]

1. Broth of boiled meat strained.

Beaum.

2. A kind of jelly.

Marston.

Cully

CUL'LY, noun [See the Verb.] A person who is meanly deceived, tricked or imposed on, as by a sharper, jilt, or strumpet; a mean dupe.

Hudibras.

Cully

CUL'LY, verb transitive [Dutch kullen, to cheat, to gull.]

To deceive; to trick, cheat or impose on; to jilt.

Cullyism

CUL'LYISM, noun The state of a cully. [Cully and its derivatives are not elegant words.]

Culm

CULM, noun [Latin culmus; Irish colbh; Welsh colov; a stalk or stem; Latin caulis; Dutch kool. See Quill and Haulm.]

1. In botany, the stalk or stem of corn and grasses, usually jointed and hollow, and supporting the leaves and fructification.

Martyn.

2. The straw or dry stalks of corn and grasses.

3. A species of fossil coal, found in small masses, not adhering when heated, difficult to be ignited, and burning with little flame, but yielding a disagreeable smell.

Nicholson. Journ. of Science.

Culmiferous

CULMIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin culmus, a stalk, and fero, to bear.]

Producing stalks. Culmiferous plants have a smooth jointed stalk, usually hollow, and wrapped about at each joint with single, narrow, sharp-pointed leaves, and their seeds contained in chaffy husks, as wheat, rye, oats and barley.

Milne. Quincy.

Culminate

CUL'MINATE, verb intransitive [Latin culmen, a top or ridge.]

To be vertical; to come or be in the meridian; to be in the highest point of altitude; as a planet.

Milton.

Culmination

CULMINA'TION, noun The transit of a planet over the meridian, or highest point of altitude for the day.

Encyc.

2. Top; crown.

Culpability

CULPABIL'ITY, noun [See Culpable.] Blamableness; culpableness.

Culpable

CUL'PABLE, adjective [Low Latin culpabilis; French coupable; Italian colpabile; from Latin culpa, a fault; Welsh cwl, a fault, a flagging, a drooping, like fault, from fail.]

1. Blamable; deserving censure; as the person who has done wrong, or the act, conduct or negligence of the person. We say, the man is culpable, or voluntary ignorance is culpable.

2. Sinful; criminal; immoral; faulty. But generally, culpable is applied to acts less atrocious than crimes.

3. Guilty of; as culpable of a crime. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Culpableness

CUL'PABLENESS, noun Blamableness; guilt; the quality of deserving blame.

Culpably

CUL'PABLY, adverb Blamably; in a faulty manner; in a manner to merit censure.

Culprit

CUL'PRIT, noun [supposed to be formed from cul, for culpable, and prit, ready; certain abbreviations used by the clerks in nothing the arraignment of criminals; the prisoner is guilty, and the king is ready to prove him so. Blackstone.]

1. A person arraigned in court for a crime.

Dryden.

2. Any person convicted of a crime; a criminal.

Culter

CUL'TER, noun [Latin] A colter, which see.

Cultivable

CUL'TIVABLE, adjective [See Cultivate.] Capable of being tilled or cultivated.

Med. Repos. Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Cultivate

CUL'TIVATE, verb transitive [French cultiver; Spanish Portugese cultivar; Italian coltivare; from Latin colo, cultus, to till, to dwell.]

1. To till; to prepare for crops; to manure, plow, dress, sow and reap; to labor on, manage and improve in husbandry; as, to cultivate land; to cultivate a farm.

Sinclair.

2. To improve by labor or study; to advance the growth of; to refine and improve by correction of faults, and enlargement of powers or good qualities; as, to cultivate talents; to cultivate a taste for poetry.

3. To study; to labor to improve or advance; as, to cultivate philosophy; to cultivate the mind.

4. To cherish; to foster; to labor to promote and increase; as, to cultivate the love of excellence; to cultivate gracious affections.

5. To improve; to meliorate, or to labor to make better; to correct; to civilize; as, to cultivate the wild savage.

6. To raise or produce by tillage; as, to cultivate corn or grass.

Sinclair.

Cultivated

CUL'TIVATED, participle passive Tilled; improved in excellence or condition; corrected and enlarged; cherished; meliorated; civilized; produced by tillage.

Cultivating

CUL'TIVATING, participle of the present tense Tilling; preparing for crops; improving in worth or good qualities; meliorating; enlargiug; correcting; fostering; civilizing; producing by tillage.

Cultivation

CULTIVA'TION, noun The art of practice of tilling and preparing for crops; husbandry; the management of land. Land is often made better by cultivation. Ten acres under good cultivation will produce more than twenty when badly tilled.

2. Study, care and practice directed to improvement, correction, enlargement or increase; the application of the means of improvement; as, men may grow wiser by the cultivation of talents; they may grow better by the cultivation of the mind, of virtue, and of piety.

3. The producing by tillage; as the cultivation of corn or grass.

Cultivator

CUL'TIVATOR, noun One who tills, or prepares land for crops; one who manages a farm, or carries on the operations of husbandry in general; a farmer; a husbandman; an agriculturist.

2. One who studies or labors to improve, to promote and advance in good qualities, or in growth.

Cultrated

CUL'TRATED, adjective [Latin cultratus, from culter, a knife.]

Sharp-edged and pointed; formed like a knife; as, the beak of a bird is convex and cultrated.

Encyc. art. Corvus.

Culture

CUL'TURE, noun [Latin cultura, from colo. See Cultivate.]

1. The act of tilling and preparing the earth for crops; cultivation; the application of labor or other means of improvement.

We ought to blame the culture, not the soil.

Pope.

2. The application of labor or other means to improve good qualities in, or growth; as the culture of the mind; the culture of virtue.

3. The application of labor or other means in producing; as the culture of corn, or grass.

4. Any labor or means employed for improvement, correction or growth.

Culture

CUL'TURE, verb transitive To cultivate.

Thomson.

Culver

CUL'VER, noun [Saxon culfer, culfra; Armoric colm; Latin columba.]

A pigeon, or wood pigeon.

Thomson.

Culver-House

CUL'VER-HOUSE, noun A dove-cote.

Harmar.

Culverin

CUL'VERIN, noun [French couleuvrine; Italian colubrina; Spanish culebrina; from Latin colubrinus, from coluber, a serpent.]

A long slender piece of ordnance or artillery, serving to carry a ball to a great distance.

Encyc.

Culverkey

CUL'VERKEY, noun A plant or flower.

Walton.

Culvert

CUL'VERT, noun A passage under a road or canal, covered with a bridge; an arched drain for the passage of water.

Cyc.

Culvertail

CUL'VERTAIL, noun [culver and tail.] Dovetail, in joinery and carpentry.

Culvertailed

CUL'VERTAILED, adjective United or fastened, as pieces of timber by a dove-tailed joint; a term used by shipwrights.

Encyc.

Cumbent

CUM'BENT, adjective [Latin cumbo.] Lying down.

Cumber

CUM'BER, verb transitive [Danish kummer, distress, incumbrance, grief; Dutch kommeren; German kÃƒ-¼mmern, to arrest, to concern, to trouble, to grieve; French encombrer, to encumber.]

1. To load, or crowd.

A variety of frivolous arguments cumbers the memory to no purpose.

Locke.

2. To check, stop or retard, as by a load or weight; to make motion difficult; to obstruct.

Why asks he what avails him not in fight, And would but cumber and retard his flight.

Dryden.

3. To perplex or embarrass; to distract or trouble.

Martha was cumbered about much serving. Luke 10.

4. To trouble; to be troublesome to; to cause trouble or obstruction in, as any thing useless. Thus, brambles cumber a garden or field. [See Encumber, which is more generally used.]

Cumber

CUM'BER, noun Hinderance; obstruction; burdensomeness; embarrassment; disturbance; distress.

Thus fade thy helps, and thus thy cumbers spring.

Spenser.

[This word is now scarcely used.]

Cumbersome

CUM'BERSOME, adjective Troublesome; burdensome; embarrassing; vexatious; as cumbersome obedience.

Sidney.

2. Unwieldy; unmanageable not easily borne or managed; as a cumbersome load; a cumbersome machine.

Cumbersomely

CUM'BERSOMELY, adverb In a manner to encumber.

Sherwood.

Cumbersomeness

CUM'BERSOMENESS, noun Burdensomeness; the quality of being cumbersome and troublesome.

Cumbrance

CUM'BRANCE, noun That which obstructs, retards, or renders motion or action difficult and toilsome; burden; encumbrance; hinderance; oppressive load; embarrassment.

Milton.

Cumbrous

CUM'BROUS, adjective Burdensome; troublesome; rendering action difficult or toilsome; oppressive; as a cumbrous weight or charge.

Milton. Dryden.

2. Giving trouble; vexatious; as a cloud of cumbrous gnats.

Spenser.

3. Confused; jumbled; obstructing each other; as the cumbrous elements.

Milton.

Cumbrously

CUM'BROUSLY, adverb In a cumbrous manner.

Cumfrey

CUM'FREY, noun A genus of plants, the

Symphytum; sometimes written comfrey, comfry, and comphry.

Cumin

CUM'IN, noun [Latin cuminum; Greek; Oriental kamon. The verb with which this word seems to be connected, signifies, in Arabic Chaldee Syriac and Samaritan, to retire from sight, to lie concealed.]

An annual plant of one species, whose seeds have a bitterish warm taste, with an aromatic flavor.

Encyc.

Cumulate

CU'MULATE, verb transitive [Latin cumulo; Russian kom, a mass or lump; Latin cumulus, a heap; French combler, cumuler; Spanish cumular; Italian cumulare.]

To gather or throw into a heap; to form a heap; to heap together.

Woodward.

[Accumulate is more generally used.]

Cumulation

CUMULA'TION, noun The act of heaping together; a heap. [See Accumulation.]

Cumulative

CU'MULATIVE, adjective Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass.

Bacon.

2. That augments by addition; that is added to something else. In law, that augments, as evidence, facts or arguments of the same kind.

Cun

CUN, verb transitive To know. [Not used.] [See Con.]

2. To direct the course of a ship. [See Cond, the true orthography.]

Cunctation

CUNCTA'TION, noun [Latin cunctor, to delay.] Delay. [Not much used.]

Cunctator

CUNCTA'TOR, noun One who delays or lingers. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Cund

CUND, verb transitive To give notice. [See Cond.]

Cuneal

CU'NEAL, adjective [Latin cuneus, a wedge. See Coin.] Having the form of a wedge.

Cuneate

CU'NEATE, or CU'NEATED, adjective Wedge-shaped.

Cuneiform

CU'NEIFORM, or CU'NIFORM, adjective [Latin cuneus, a wedge, and forma, form.] Having the shape or form of a wedge.

Cunner

CUN'NER, noun [lepas.] A kind of fish, less than an oyster, that sticks close to the rocks.

Ainsworth.

Cunning

CUN'NING, adjective [Saxon cunnan, connan; Gothic kunnan, to know; Swedish kunna, to be able, to know; kunnig, known; also, knowing, skilful, cunning; Dutch kunnen, can, to be able, to hold, contain, understand, or know; German kÃƒ-¶nnen. See Can.]

1. Knowing; skilful; experienced; well-instructed. It is applied to all kinds of knowledge, but generally and appropriately, to the skill and dexterity of artificers, or the knowledge acquired by experience.

Esau was a cunning hunter. Genesis 23.

I will take away the cunning artificer. Isaiah 3.

A cunning workman. Exodus 38.

2. Wrought with skill; curious; ingenious.

With cherubs of cunning work shalt thou make them. Exodus 26.

[The foregoing senses occur frequently in our version of the scriptures, but are nearly or quite obsolete.]

3. Artful; shrewd; sly; crafty; astute; designing; as a cunning fellow.

They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the hazard of being sincere.

South.

In this sense, the purpose or final end of the person may not be illaudable; but cunning implies the use of artifice to accomplish the purpose, rather than open, candid, or direct means. Hence,

4. Deceitful; trickish; employing stratagems for a bad purpose.

5. Assumed with subtilty; artful.

Accounting his integrity to be but a cunning face of falsehood.

Sidney.

Cunning

CUN'NING, noun Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity. Obs.

Let my right hand forget her cunning. Psalm 137.

2. Art; artifice; artfulness; craft; shrewdness; the faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose. Hence in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit; fraudulent skill or dexterity.

Discourage cunning in a child; cunning is the ape of wisdom.

Locke.

Cunningly

CUN'NINGLY, adverb Artfully; craftily; with subtilty; with fraudulent contrivance.

We have not followed cunningly devised fables. 2 Pet i.

Cunningman

CUN'NINGMAN, noun A man who pretends to tell fortunes, or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods.

Butler.

Cunningness

CUN'NINGNESS, noun Cunning; craft; deceitfulness.

Cup

CUP, noun [Saxon cop, or cupp; Dutch kop; Danish id.; Swedish kopp; French coupe; Armoric coupen; Italian coppa; Spanish copa; Irish capa, or capan; Welsh cwb, cwpan; Latin cupa, cuppa, whence cupella, a cupel, a little cup; Chaldee; Arabic. Class Gb. No. 48. See also No. 6. The primary sense may be, hollow, bending, Russian kopayu, or containing. See No. 50. 52. 68. and Coop.]

1. A small vessel of capacity, used commonly to drink out of. It is usually made of metal; as a silver cup; a tin cup. But the name is also given to vessels of like shape used for other purposes. It is usually more deep than wide; but tea-cups and coffee-cups are often exceptions.

2. The contents of a cup; the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain; as a cup of beer. See 1 Corinthians 11.

3. In a scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions; that which is to be received or endured.

O my father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me. Matthew 26.

4. Good received; blessings and favors.

My cup runneth over. Psalm 23.

Take the cup of salvation, that is, receive the blessings of deliverance and redemption with joy and thanksgiving.

Cruden. Brown.

5. Any thing hollow like a cup; as the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower, and a calyx is called a flower-cup.

6. A glass cup or vessel used for drawing blood in scarification.

Cup and can, familiar companions; the can being the large vessel out of which the cup is filled, and thus the two being constantly associated.

Swift.

Cups, in the plural, social entertainment in drinking; merry bout.

Thence from cups to civil broils.

Milton.

Cup

CUP, verb intransitive In surgery, to apply a cuppingglass to procure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body.

Encyc.

2. To supply with cups. Obs.

Shak.

Cupbearer

CUP'BEARER, noun An attendant of a prince or at a feast, who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests; an officer of the king's household. Neh. 1.

Cupboard

CUP'BOARD, noun [cup and board.] Originally, a board or shelf for cups to stand on. In modern houses, a small case or inclosure in a room with shelves destined to receive cups, plates, dishes and the like.

Bacon. Dryden.

Cupboard

CUP'BOARD, verb transitive To collect into a cupboard; to hoard. [Not used.]

Shak.

Cupgall

CUP'GALL, noun A singular kind of gall found on the leaves of oak, &c. It contains the worm of a small fly.

Encyc.

Cup-Rose

CUP'-ROSE, noun The poppy.

Cupel

CU'PEL, noun [Latin cupella, a little cup.] A small cup or vessel used in refining metals. It retains them while in a metallic state, but when changed by fire into a fluid scoria, it absorbs them. Thus when a mixture of lead with gold or silver is heated in a strong fire, the lead is oxydated and vitrified, and sinks into the substance of the cupel, while the gold or silver remains pure. This kind of vessel is made usually of phosphate of lime, or the residue of burnt bones, rammed into a mold, which gives it its figure.

Encyc. Lavoisier. Nicholson.

Cupellation

CUPELLA'TION, noun The refining of gold or silver by a cupel or by scorification.

Lavoisier. Nicholson. Encyc.

Cupidity

CUPID'ITY, noun [Latin cupiditas, from cupidus, from cupio, to desire, to covet. See class Gb. No. 22. 24.]

An eager desire to possess something; an ardent wishing or longing; inordinate or unlawful desire of wealth or power. It is not used, I believe, for the animal appetite, like lust or concupiscence, but for desire of the mind.

No property is secure when it becomes large enough to tempt the cupidity of indigent power.

Burke.

Cupola

CU'POLA, noun [Italian cupola; Spanish cupula; from the root of cup, or rather from Welsh cop, a top or summit.]

In architecture, a spherical vault on the top of an edifice; a dome, or the round top of a dome.

Encyc.

Cupolaid

CU'POLAID, adjective Having a cupola. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Cupper

CUP'PER, noun [from cup.] One who applies a cupping-glass; a scarifier.

Cupping

CUP'PING, participle of the present tense Applying a cupping-glass, with scarification; a drawing blood with a cupping-glass.

Cupping-Glass

CUP'PING-GLASS, noun A glass vessel like a cup, to be applied to the skin, before and after scarification, for drawing blood.

Cupreous

CU'PREOUS, adjective [Latin cupreus, from cuprum, copper.]

Coppery; consisting of copper; resemhling copper, or partaking of its qualities.

Encyc. Boyle.

Cupriferous

CUPRIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin cuprum, copper, and fero, to bear.]

Producing or affording copper; as cupriferous silver.

Tooke, Russ.

Cur

CUR, noun [Qu. Lapponic coira; Basque chauirra; Irish gyr, gaier, a dog.]

A degenerate dog; and in reproach, a worthless man.

Addison. Shak. Dryden.

Curable

CU'RABLE, adjective [See Cure.] That may be healed or cured; admitting a remedy; as a curable wound or disease; a curable evil.

Dryden.

Curableness

CU'RABLENESS, noun Possibility of being cured, healed or remedied.

Curacy

CU'RACY, or CU'RATESHIP, noun [See Cure and Curate.] The office or employment of a curate; the employment of a clergyman who represents the incumbent or beneficiary of a church, parson or vicar, and officiates in his stead.

Swift.

2. A benefice held by license from the bishop.

Curate

CU'RATE, noun [Latin curator, or curatus, from cura, care. See Cure.]

A clergyman in the church of England, who is employed to perform divine service in the place of the incumbent, parson or vicar. He must be licenced by the bishop or ordinary, and having no fixed estate in the curacy, he may be removed at pleasure. But some curates are perpetual.

Encyc.

2. One employed to perform the duties of another.

Dryden.

Curative

CU'RATIVE, adjective Relating to the cure of diseases; tending to cure.

Arbuthnot.

Curator

CURA'TOR, noun [Latin See Cure.] One who has the care and superintendence of any thing.

Swift.

2. A guardian appointed by law.

Ayliffe.

3. Among the Romans, a trustee of the affairs and interests of a person emancipated or interdicted. Also, one appointed to regulate the price of merchandize in the cities, and to superintend the customs and tributes.

Encyc.

4. In the United Provinces, or Holland, the Curator of a University superintends the affairs of the institution, the administration of the revenues, the conduct of the professors, &c.

Encyc.

Curb

CURB, noun [French courber, to bend; Russian koroblyu, to bend, to draw in, to straiten.]

1. In the manege, a chain of iron made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of the horse. It consists of three parts; the hook, fixed to the eye of the branch; the chain or links; and the two rings or mails.

Encyc.

2. Restraint; check; hinderance.

Religion should operate as an effectual curb to the passions.

3. A frame or a wall round the mouth of a well.

4. [French courbe; Italian corba, a disease and a basket.] A hard and callous swelling on the hind part of the hock of a horse's leg, attended with stiffness, and sometimes pain and lameness.

Encyc.

A tumor on the inside of a horse's hoof.

Johnson.

A swelling beneath the elbow of a horse's hoof.

Bailey.

Curb

CURB, verb transitive To restrain; to guide and manage; as a horse.

Milton.

2. To restrain; to check; to hold back; to confine; to keep in subjection; as, to curb the passions.

And wisely learn to curb thy sorrows wild.

Milton.

3. To furnish or surround with a curb, as a well.

4. To bend. [Not used.]

Curbed

CURB'ED, participle passive Restrained; checked; kept in subjection; furnished with a curb.

Curbing

CURB'ING, participle of the present tense Holding back; checking; restraining.

Curbing

CURB'ING, noun A check.

Curb-Stone

CURB'-STONE, noun A stone placed at the edge of a pavement, to hold the work together. It is written sometimes kerb or kirb.

Curd

CURD, noun [Irish cruth; Scot. cruds. Sometimes in English, crud. The primary sense is to congeal or coagulate. See Crystal.]

The coagulated or thickened part of milk, which is formed into cheese, or, in some countries, eaten as common food. The word may sometimes perhaps be used for the coagulated part of any liquor.

Bacon.

Curd

CURD, verb transitive To cause to coagulate; to turn to curd.

Shak.

Curdle

CURD'LE, verb intransitive [sometimes written crudle. See Curd.]

1. To coagulate or concrete; to thicken, or change into curd. Milk curdles by a mixture of runnet.

2. To thicken; to congeal; as, the blood curdles in the veins.

Curdle

CURD'LE, verb transitive To change into curd; to cause to thicken, coagulate, or concrete. Runnet or brandy curdles milk.

At Florence they curdle their milk with artichoke flowers.

Encyc.

2. To congeal or thicken. The recital curdled my blood.

Curdled

CURD'LED, participle passive Coagulated; congealed.

Curdling

CURD'LING, participle of the present tense Concreting; coagulating.

Curdy

CURD'Y, adjective Like curd; full of curd; coagulated.

Arbuthnot.

Cure

CURE, noun [Latin cura; French cure; Latin curo, to cure, to take care, to prepare; Welsh cÃƒ-»r, care, a blow or stroke, affliction; curaw, to beat, throb, strike; curiaw, to trouble, to vex, to pine or waste away; French curer, to cleanse; ``se curer les dents,' to pick the teeth; Italian cura, care, diligence; curare, to cure, attend, protect; also, to value or esteem; Spanish cura, cure, remedy, guardianship; curar, to administer medicines; to salt, as meat; to season, as timber; to bleach thread or linen; to take care; to recover from sickness; curioso, curious, neat, clean, handsome, fine, careful. The radical sense of this word is, to strain, stretch, extend, which gives the sense of healing, that is, making strong, and of care, superintendence. But the Welsh has the sense of driving, a modified application of extending, and this gives the sense of separation and purification. In its application to hay, timber, provisions, &c., the sense may be to make right, as in other cases; but of this I am not confident.]

1. A healing; the act of healing; restoration to health from disease, and to soundness from a wound. We say, a medicine will effect a cure.

2. Remedy for disease; restorative; that which heals.

Colds, hunger, prisons, ills without a cure.

Dryden.

3. The employment of a curate; the care of souls; spiritual charge.

Cure

CURE, verb transitive [Latin curo. See the Noun.] To heal, as a person diseased or a wounded limb; to restore to health, as the body, or to soundness, as a limb.

The child was cured from that very hour. Matthew 17.

2. To subdue, remove, destroy or put an end to; to heal, as a disease.

Christ gave his disciples power to cure diseases. Luke 9.

When the person and the disease are both mentioned, cure is followed by of before the disease. The physician cured the man of his fever.

3. To remedy; to remove an evil, and restore to a good state.

Patience will alleviate calamities, which it cannot cure.

4. To dry; to prepare for preservation; as, to cure hay: or to prepare by salt, or in any manner, so as to prevent speedy putrefaction; as, to cure fish or beef.

Cured

CU'RED, participle passive Healed; restored to health or soundness; removed, as a disease; remedied; dried, smoked, or otherwise prepared for preservation.

Cureless

CU'RELESS, adjective That cannot be cured or healed; incurable; not admitting of a remedy; as a cureless disorder; a cureless ill.

Dryden.

Curer

CU'RER, noun A healer; a physician; one who heals.

Harvey.

Curfew

CUR'FEW, noun [French couvre-feu, cover-fire.] The ringing of a bell or bells at night, as a signal to the inhabitants to rake up their fires and retire to rest. This practice originated in England from an order of William the conqueror, who directed that at the ringing of the bell, at eight o'clock, every one should put out his light and go to bed. This word is not used in America; although the practice of ringing a bell, at nine o'clock, continues in many places, and is considered in New England, as a signal for people to retire from company to their own abodes; and in general, the signal is obeyed.

2. A cover for a fire; a fire-plate. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Curiality

CURIAL'ITY, noun [Latin curialis, from curia, a court.]

The privileges, prerogatives, or retinue of a court. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Curing

CU'RING, participle of the present tense Healing; restoring to health or soundness; removing, as an evil; preparing for preservation.

Curing-House

CU'RING-HOUSE, noun A building in which sugar is drained and dried.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Curiologic

CURIOLOG'IC, adjective [Greek, propriety of speaking.]

Designating a rude kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thing is represented by its picture.

Warburton.

Curiosity

CURIOS'ITY, noun [Latin curiositas. See Curious.]

1. A strong desire to see something novel, or to discover something unknown, either by research or inquiry; a desire to gratify the senses with a sight of what is new or unusual, or to gratify the mind with new discoveries; inquisitiveness. A man's curiosity leads him to view the ruins of Balbec, to investigate the origin of Homer, to discover the component parts of a mineral, or the motives of another's actions.

2. Nicety; delicacy.

Shak.

3. Accuracy; exactness; nice performance; curiousness; as the curiosity of workmanship.

Ray.

4. A nice experiment; a thing unusual or worthy of curiosity.

There hath been practiced a curiosity, to set a tree on the north side of a wall, and at a little height, to draw it through the wall, &c.

Bacon.

5. An object of curiosity; that which excites a desire of seeing, or deserves to be seen, as novel and extraordinary.

We took a ramble together to see the curiosities of this great town.

Addison.

[The first and the last senses are chiefly used.]

Curioso

CURIO'SO, noun [Italian] A curious person; a virtuoso.

Curious

CU'RIOUS, adjective [Latin curiosus, from cura, care. See Cure.]

1. Strongly desirous to see what is novel, or to discover what is unknown; solicitous to see or to know; inquisitive.

Be not curious in unnecessary matters, nor to pry into the concerns of your neighbors.

2. Habitually inquisitive; addicted to research or enquiry; as a man of a curious turn of mind: sometimes followed by after, and sometimes by of.

Curious after things elegant and beautiful; curious of antiquities.

Woodward. Dryden.

3. Accurate; careful not to mistake; solicitous to be correct.

Men were not curious what syllables or particles they used.

Hooker.

4. Careful; nice; solicitous in selection; difficult to please.

A temperate man is not curious of delicacies.

Taylor.

5. Nice; exact; subtile; made with care.

Both these senses embrace their objectsÃ‚--with a more curious discrimination.

Holder.

6. Artful; nicely diligent.

Each ornament about her seemly lies,

By curious chance, or careless art, composed.

Fairfax.

7. Wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work. Exodus 28, 30.

8. Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts. Acts 19.

9. Rigid; severe; particular. [Little used.]

Shak.

10. Rare; singular; as a curious fact.

Curiously

CU'RIOUSLY, adverb With nice inspection; inquisitively; attentively.

I saw nothing at first, but observing it more curiously, the spots appeared.

Newton.

2. With nice care and art; exactly; neatly; elegantly. Psalm 139.

3. In a singular manner; unusually.

Curiousness

CU'RIOUSNESS, noun Fitness to excite curiosity; exactness of workmanship.

2. Singularity of contrivance.

3. Curiosity.

Curl

CURL, verb transitive [Dutch krullen; Danish krÃƒ-¶ller; to curl, to crisp; Cornish krillia.]

1. To turn, bend or form into ringlets; to crisp; as the hair.

2. To writhe; to twist; to coil; as a serpent.

3. To dress with curls.

The snaky locks

That curled Megaera.

Milton.

4. To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple.

Seas would be pools, without the brushing air To curl the waves.

Dryden.

Curl

CURL, verb intransitive To bend in contraction; to shrink into ringlets.

Boyle.

2. To rise in waves or undulations; to ripple; and particularly, to roll over at the summit; as a curling wave.

3. To rise in a winding current, and to roll over at the ends; as curling smoke.

4. To writhe; to twist itself.

Then round her slender waist he curled.

Dryden.

5. To shrink; to shrink back; to bend and sink. He curled down into a corner.

Curl

CURL, noun A ringlet of hair, or any thing of a like form.

2. Undulation; a waving; sinuosity; flexure.

Newton.

3. A winding in the grain of wood.

Curled

CURL'ED, participle passive Turned or formed into ringlets; crisped; twisted; undulated.

Curlew

CUR'LEW, noun [French courlis or corlieu.] An aquatic fowl of the genus Scolopax and the grallic order. It has a long bill; its color is diversified with ash and black; and the largest species spread more than three feet of wing. It frequents the sea shore in winter, and in summer, retires to the mountains.

2. A fowl, larger than a partridge, with longer legs, which frequents the corn-fields in Spain.

Trevour.

Curliness

CURL'INESS, noun A state of being curly.

Curling

CURL'ING, participle of the present tense Bending; twisting; forming into ringlets.

Curling-Irons

CURL'ING-IRONS, or CURL'ING-TONGS, noun An instrument for curling the hair.

Curly

CURL'Y, adjective Having curls; tending to curl; full of ripples.

Curmudgeon

CURMUD'GEON, noun [French coeur, heart, and mechant, evil. Nares. Qu.]

An avaricious churlish fellow; a miser; a niggard; a churl.

Hudibras.

Curmudgeonly

CURMUD'GEONLY, adjective Avaricious; covetous; niggardly; churlish.

L'Estrange.

Currant

CUR'RANT, noun [from Corinth.] The fruit of a well known shrub belonging to the genus Ribes, of which Grossularia is now considered a species; the grossberry or gooseberry and the currant falling under the same genus. Currants are of various species and varieties; as the common red and white currants, and the black currant.

2. A small kind of dried grape, imported from the Levant, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia; used in cookery.

Currency

CUR'RENCY, noun [See Current.] Literally, a flowing, running or passing; a continued or uninterrupted course, like that of a stream; as the currency of time.

Ayliffe.

2. A continued course in public opinion, belief or reception; a passing from person to person, or from age to age; as, a report has had a long or general currency.

Johnson.

3. A continual passing from hand to hand, as coin or bills of credit; circulation; as the currency of cents, or of English crowns; the currency of bank bills or treasury notes.

4. Fluency; readiness of utterance: but in this sense we generally use fluency.

5. General estimation; the rate at which any thing is generally valued.

He takes greatness of kingdoms according to their bulk and currency, and not after intrinsic value.

Bacon.

6. That which is current or in circulation, as a medium of trade. The word may be applied to coins, or to bills issued by authority.

It is often applied to bank notes, and to notes issued by government.

Crawford.

Current

CUR'RENT, adjective [Latin currens, from curro, to flow or run; French courir, whence courier, and discourir, to discourse, concourir, to concur, &c.; Italian correre; Spanish Portugese correr, to run; Welsh gyru, to drive, or run; hurry. It seems to be connected with the root of car, cart, chariot, like currus. See Arabic and. Class Greek No. 7. 32. 15.]

1. Literally, flowing, running, passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or from hand to hand; circulating; as current opinions; current coin. Hence, common, general or fashionable; generally received; popular; as the current notions of the day or age; current folly.

Watts. Swift. Pope.

2. Established by common estimation; generally received; as the current value of coin.

3. Passable; that may be allowed or admitted.

Shak.

4. Now passing; present in its course; as the current month or year.

Current

CUR'RENT, noun A flowing or passing; a stream; applied to fluids; as a current of water, or of air. The gulf stream is a remarkable current in the Atlantic. A current sets into the Mediterranean.

2. Course; progressive motion, or movement; continuation; as the current of time.

3. A connected series; successive course; as the current of events.

4. General or main course; as the current of opinion.

Currently

CUR'RENTLY, adjective In constant motion; with continued progression. Hence, commonly; generally; popularly; with general reception; as, the story is currently reported and believed.

Currentness

CUR'RENTNESS, noun Currency; circulation; general reception.

2. Fluency; easiness of pronunciation. [Not much used.]

Curricle

CUR'RICLE, noun [Latin curriculum, from curro, to run.]

1. A chaise or carriage, with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast.

2. A chariot. [Not in use.]

3. A course. [Not in use.]

Curried

CUR'RIED, participle passive [See Curry.] Dressed by currying; dressed as leather; cleaned; prepared.

Currier

CUR'RIER, noun [Latin coriarius; French corroyeur. See Curry.]

A man who dresses and colors leather, after it is tanned.

Currish

CUR'RISH, adjective [See Cur.] Like a cur; having the qualities of a cur; brutal; malignant; snappish; snarling; churlish; intractable; quarrelsome.

Sidney. Fairfax. Shak.

Currishly

CUR'RISHLY, adverb Like a cur; in a brutal manner.

Currishness

CUR'RISHNESS, noun Moroseness; churlishness.

Feltham.

Curry

CUR'RY, verb transitive [French corroyer; Armoric courreza; Spanish curtir; Portugese cortir. The French and Armoric word seems to be compounded of Latin corium, a hide, and the root of rado, to scrape, or of a word of like signification. The Spanish and Portugese word seems to be allied to cortex, bark, from stripping; or to Latin curtus, short, from cutting. But the Latin corium is probably from a root signifying to scrape, or to peel. See Class Greek No. 5 and 8.]

1. To dress leather, after it is tanned; to soak, pare or scrape, cleanse, beat and color tanned hides, and prepare them for use.

2. To rub and clean with a comb; as, to curry a horse.

3. To scratch or claw; to tear, in quarrels.

By setting brother against brother,

To claw and curry one another.

Butler.

4. To rub or stroke; to make smooth; to tickle by flattery; to humor. But generally used in the phrase,

To curry favor, to seek or gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious civilities. [Not elegant.]

Hooker.

Curry-Comb

CUR'RY-COMB, noun [See Comb.] An iron instrument or comb, for rubbing and cleaning horses.

Currying

CUR'RYING, participle of the present tense Scraping and dressing; cleaning; scratching.

Curse

CURSE, verb transitive pret. and pp. cursed or curst. [Saxon cursian, corsian; Armoric argarzi. Qu. Arabic.]

1. To utter a wish of evil against one; to imprecate evil upon; to call for mischief or injury to fall upon; to execrate.

Thou shalt not curse the ruler of thy people. Exodus 22.

Bless and curse not. Romans 12.

Curse me this people, for they are too mighty for me. Numbers 22.

2. To injure; to subject to evil; to vex, harass or torment with great calamities.

On impious realms and barbarous kings impose Thy plagues, and curse 'em with such sons as those.

Pope.

3. To devote to evil.

Curse

CURSE, verb intransitive To utter imprecations; to affirm or deny with imprecations of divine vengeance.

Then began he to curse and to swear. Matthew 26.

Curse

CURSE, noun Malediction; the expression of a wish of evil to another.

ShimeiÃ‚--who cursed me with a grievous curse. 1 Kings 2.

2. Imprecation of evil.

They entered into a curse, and into an oath. Nehemiah 10.

3. Affliction; torment; great vexation.

I will make this city a curse to all nations. Jeremiah 26.

4. Condemnation; sentence of divine vengeance on sinners.

Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law. Galatians 3.

5. Denunciation of evil.

The priest shall write all these curses in a book. Numbers 5.

Cursed

CURS'ED, participle passive Execrated; afflicted; vexed; tormented; blasted by a curse.

2. Devoted to destruction.

Thou art cursed from the earth. Genesis 4.

3. adjective Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.

4. adjective Vexatious; as a cursed quarrel; cursed thorns.

Dryden. Prior.

Cursedly

CURS'EDLY, adverb In a cursed manner; enormously; miserably; in a manner to be cursed or detested. [A low word.]

Cursedness

CURS'EDNESS, noun The state of being under a curse, or of being doomed to execration or to evil.

Curser

CURS'ER, noun One who curses, or utters a curse.

Curship

CUR'SHIP, noun [See Cur.] Dogship; meanness; ill-nature.

Hudibras.

Cursing

CURS'ING, participle of the present tense Execrating; imprecating evil on; denouncing evil; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation.

Cursing

CURS'ING, noun Execration; the uttering of a curse; a dooming to vexation or misery.

Cursitor

CUR'SITOR, noun [from the Latin curso, cursito, to run.]

In England, a clerk in the court of chancery, whose business is to make out original writs. In the statute 18 Edward III. the cursitors are called clerks of course. They are twenty four in number, and are a corporation among themselves. To each are assigned certain counties, to which he issues writs.

Encyc.

Cursive

CUR'SIVE, adjective [Italian corsivo, running. See Course and Current.]

Running; flowing. Cursive hand is a running hand.

Fry.

Cursorary

CUR'SORARY, adjective Cursory; hasty. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Cursorily

CUR'SORILY, adjective [See Cursory.] In a running or hasty manner; slightly; hastily; without attention; as, I read the paper cursorily.

Cursoriness

CUR'SORINESS, noun Slight view or attention.

Cursory

CUR'SORY, adjective [Latin cursorius, from cursus. See Course.]

1. Running; hasty; slight; superficial; careless; not with close attention; as a cursory reading; a cursory view.

2. Running about; not stationary.

Curst

CURST, participle passive of curse. [See Cursed.]

Curst

CURST, adjective Hateful; detestable; froward; tormenting; vexatious; peevish; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling; a word however which can be hardly said to have a definite signification. It is applied to any thing vexatious. In some of its applications in old authors, it appears to be the Dutch korst, crust, and to signify crusty, crabbed, surly.

Curstness

CURST'NESS, noun Peevishness; malignity; frowardness; crabbedness; surliness.

Curt

CURT, adjective [Latin curtus.] Short. [Rarely used and not elegant.]

Brown.

Curtail

CURTA'IL, verb transitive [composed of Latin curtus, French court, short, and tailler, to cut; taille, edge.]

To shorten; to cut off the end or a part; as, to curtail words. Hence in a more general sense, to shorten in any manner; to abridge; to diminish; as, to curtail our privileges. It is followed by of before the thing shortened. His name was curtailed of three letters. We are curtailed of our rights.

Curtail-Dog

CUR'TAIL-DOG, noun A dog whose tail is cut off, according to the forest laws, and therefore hindered from coursing.

Shak.

Curtailed

CURTA'ILED, participle passive Cut short or shorter; abridged.

Curtailing

CURTA'ILING, participle of the present tense Cutting short or shorter; abridging.

Curtailing

CURTA'ILING, noun Abridgment; abbreviation.

Swift.

Curtain

CUR'TAIN, n. kur'tin. [Italian cortina; Low Latin Spanish Portugese id.; Dutch gordyn; French courtine, in fortification. This word may be from the root of court, and from the sense of separating. I think it is not a contraction of the Italian copertina.]

1. A cloth hanging round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted, spread or drawn aside at pleasure; intended for ornament, or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among the Israelites.

2. A cloth-hanging used in theaters, to conceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain, to close the scene, to end; to raise the curtain or the curtain will rise, to denote the opening of the play. And to draw the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to conceal an object; or to open it and disclose the object. Behind the curtain, in concealment, in secret.

3. In fortification, that part of the rampart which is between the flanks of two bastions, bordered with a parapet five feet high, behind which the soldiers stand to fire on the covered way and into the moat.

Encyc.

4. In scripture, tents; dwellings. Habakkuk 3:7.

Curtain

CUR'TAIN, verb transitive To inclose with curtains; to furnish with curtains.

Shak.

Curtain-Lecture

CUR'TAIN-LECTURE, noun Reproof given in bed by a wife to her husband.

Addison.

Curtal

CURT'AL, noun A horse with a docked tail.

B. Jonson.

Curtal

CURT'AL, adjective Short; abridged; brief.

Milton.

Curtate

CURT'ATE, adjective [Latin curtatus, from curto, to shorten.]

The curtate distance, in astronomy, is the distance of a planet from the sun to that point, where a perpendicular let fall from the planet meets with the ecliptic.

Encyc.

Or the interval between the sun or earth, and that point where a perpendicular, let fall from the planet, meets the ecliptic.

Cyc.

Curtation

CURTA'TION, noun [See Curtate.] The interval between a planet's distance from the sun and the curtate distance.

Chambers.

Curtilage

CURT'ILAGE, noun In law, a yard, garden, inclosure or field near and belonging to a messuage. [This is probably from court or the same radix.]

Curtly

CURT'LY, adverb Briefly. [Not in use.]

Curule

CU'RULE, adjective [Latin curulis, from currus, a chariot.]

Belonging to a chariot. The curule chair or seat, among the Romans, was a stool without a back, covered with leather, and so made as to be folded. It was conveyed in a chariot, and used by public officers.

Curvated

CURV'ATED, adjective [See Curve.] Curved; bent in a regular form.

Curvature

CURV'ATURE, noun [Latin curvatura. See Curve.]

A bending in a regular form; crookedness, or the manner of bending; flexure by which a curve is formed.

Encyc.

Curve

CURVE, a. curv. [Latin curvus, bent, crooked; curvo, to bend, turn or wind; French courbe, courber; Italian curvo, curvare; Spanish curvo, corvar. If b is not radical, this word belongs to Class Gr, Welsh cor, a circle; but qu., for in Russian it is krivei.]

Bending; crooked; inflected in a regular form, and forming part of a circle; as a curve line, which may be cut by a right line in more points than one.

Encyc.

A curve line is that which is neither a straight line, nor composed of straight lines.

Cyc.

Curve

CURVE, noun A bending in a regular form, or without angles; that which is bent; a flexure; part of a circle. In geometry, a line which may be cut by a right line in more points than one.

Encyc.

Curve

CURVE, verb transitive [Latin curvo; French courber; Russian krivlyu.] To bend; to crook; to inflect.

Curved

CURV'ED, participle passive Bent; regularly inflected.

Curvet

CURV'ET, noun [Italian corvetta; French courbette; Spanish corveta. See Curve.]

1. In the manege, a particular leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at once, equally advanced, and as his fore legs are falling, he raises his hind legs, so that all his legs are raised at once.

Encyc.

2. A prank; a frolic.

Curvet

CURV'ET, verb intransitive [Italian corvettare; French courbetter; Spanish corvetear.]

1. To leap; to bound: to spring and form a curvet.

2. To leap and frisk.

Curvilinear

CURVILIN'EAR, or CURVILIN'EAL, adjective [Latin curvus, bent, and linea, a line.]

Having a curve line; consisting of curve lines; bounded by curve lines; as a curvilinear figure.

Curvilinearity

CURVILINEAR'ITY, noun The state of being curvilinear, or of consisting in curve lines.

Guth. Quinctilian. Pref.

Curving

CURV'ING, participle of the present tense Bending in a regular form; crooked.

Curvity

CURV'ITY, noun [Latin curvitas.] A bending in a regular form; crookedness.

Holder.

Cushat

CUSH'AT, noun The ring-dove or woodpigeon.

Scott.

Cushion

CUSH'ION, n. cush'in. [French coussin; Italian cuscino; Dutch kussen; German kÃƒ-¼ssen; Spanish coxin; Portugese coxim; Armoric couÃƒ-§zin. Qu. Arabic, Chaldee keesi, a little cushion for the elbow.]

1. A pillow for a seat; a soft pad to be placed on a chair; a bag, stuffed with wool, hair or other soft material.

2. A bag of leather filled with sand, used by engravers to support the plate.

3. In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by leather, on a board; used for receiving the leaves of gold from the paper, in order to its being cut into proper sizes and figures.

Encyc.

Lady's cushion, a plant, a species of Saxifraga.

Lee.

Sea cushion, sea pink or thrift, a species of Statice.

Lee.

Cushion

CUSH'ION, verb transitive To seat on a cushion.

Cushioned

CUSH'IONED, adjective Seated on a cushion; supported by cushions.

Johnson.

Cushionet

CUSH'IONET, noun A little cushion.

Beaum.

Cuskin

CUSK'IN, noun A kind of ivory cup. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Cusp

CUSP, noun [Latin cuspis, a point.] The point or horn of the moon or other luminary.

Encyc.

Cuspated

CUSP'ATED, adjective [Latin cuspis, a point.] Pointed; ending in a point.

Cuspidal

CUSP'IDAL, adjective Ending in a point.

More.

Cuspidate

CUSP'IDATE, or CUSP'IDATED, adjective [Latin cuspidatus, from cuspis, a point.]

Having a sharp end, like the point of a spear; terminating in a bristly point; as a cuspidate leaf.

Martyn.

Custard

CUS'TARD, noun [Cymbric cwstard.

Junius.

I suspect the first syllable to be Welsh caws, curd, cheese.]

A composition of milk and eggs, sweetened and baked or boiled, forming an agreeable kind of food.

Custard-Apple

CUS'TARD-APPLE, noun A plant, a species of Annona, growing in the West Indies, whose fruit is of the size of a tennis ball, of an orange color, containing a yellowish pulp, of the consistence of custard.

Encyc.

Custodial

CUSTO'DIAL, adjective [from custody.] Relating to custody or guardianship.

Custody

CUS'TODY, noun [Latin custodia; Italian and Spanish id.; from Latin custos, a watchman, a keeper. This word has the elements of castle, Welsh cas, the primary sense of which is to separate, to drive off; hence, to defend, to hold. See Chaste.]

1. A keeping; a guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation or security.

Under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be the boards of the tabernacle. Numbers 3.

The prisoner was committed to the custody of the sheriff. Hence,

2. Imprisonment; confinement; restraint of liberty.

3. Defense from a foe; preservation; security.

There was prepared a fleet of thirty ships for the custody of the narrow seas.

Bacon.

Custom

CUS'TOM, noun [French coutume, for coustume; Italian costuma, costume; Spanish costumbre; Portugese costume; Armoric custum. Qu. Latin consuetus.]

1. Frequent or common use, or practice; a frequent repetition of the same act; hence, way; established manner; habitual practice.

The priest's custom with the people wasÃ‚--1 Samuel 2.

We have no such custom. 1 Corinthians 11.

The customs of the people are vain. Jeremiah 10.

2. A buying of goods; practice of frequenting a shop and purchasing or procuring to be done.

Let him have your custom, but not your votes.

Addison.

The shopkeeper has extensive custom, or a good run of custom. A mill or a manufacturer has extensive custom, or little custom.

3. In law, long established practice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law, and long consent to which gives it authority. Customs are general, which extend over a state or kingdom, and particular, which are limited to a city or district.

Encyc.

Custom

CUS'TOM, verb transitive To make familiar. [See Accustom, which is the word used.]

2. To give custom to.

Bacon.

Custom

CUS'TOM, noun [French coutume, from coÃƒ-»ter, for couster, to cost.]

Tribute, toll or tax; that is, cost or charge paid to the public.

Render custom to whom custom is due. Romans 13.

Customs, in the plural, the duties imposed by law on merchandize imported or exported. In Great Britain and the U. States, this word is limited to these species of duties.

Custom-House

CUS'TOM-HOUSE, noun The house where vessels enter and clear, and where the customs are paid or secured to be paid.

Customable

CUS'TOMABLE, adjective Common; habitual; frequent.

Johnson.

2. Subject to the payment of the duties called customs.

Law of Massachusetts.

Customableness

CUS'TOMABLENESS, noun Frequency; conformity to custom. [Little used.]

Customably

CUS'TOMABLY, adverb According to custom; in a customary manner.

Hayward.

Customarily

CUS'TOMARILY, adverb [See Customary.] Habitually; commonly.

Ray.

Customariness

CUS'TOMARINESS, noun Frequency; commonness; habitual use or practice.

Customary

CUS'TOMARY, adjective [French coutumier.] According to custom, or to established or common usage; as a customary dress; customary compliments.

2. Habitual; in common practice; as customary vices.

3. Holding by custom; as customary tenants, who are copyholders.

4. Held by custom; as a customary freehold.

Customary

CUS'TOMARY, noun [French coutumier, coustumier.] A book containg laws and usages, or customs; as the customary of the Normans.

Cowel.

Customed

CUS'TOMED, adjective Usual; common; to which we are accustomed. [See Accustomed.]

Shak.

2. Furnished with customers.

Bacon.

Customer

CUS'TOMER, noun One who frequents any place of sale for the sake of purchasing goods; one who purchases goods or wares.

2. One who frequents or visits any place for procuring what he wants. We say, a mill has many customers. Hence a person who receives supplies is called a customer; the smith, the shoemaker and the tailor have their customers; and the coffee-house has its customers.

3. A toll-gatherer. Obs.

Custos

CUS'TOS, noun [Latin] A keeper; as custos brevium, the principal clerk of the common pleas; custos rotulorum, keeper of the rolls and records of the sessions of the peace.

England.

Custrel

CUS'TREL, noun [Qu. Old French coustillier, from Latin scutum.]

A buckler-bearer. Also, a vessel for holding wine. [Not in use.]

Cut

CUT, verb transitive pret. and pp. cut. [Norm. cotu, cut. This word coincides in elements with the Welsh cat, a piece, cateia, to cut, cwta, short, cwtau, to shorten, and with ysgythru, to cut off, to lop, to shred, to carve, which Owen deduces from ysgwth, a push, from gwth, a push or thrust, gwthiaw, to push, thrust, press. Whether cut is derived to us from the Welsh or not may be a question; but I have not found the word in any of the Gothic or Teutonic languages. It is obviously from a common root with the Latin coedo and cudo, and the primary sense is to thrust, to drive, to strike; and to cut off is primarily to strike off. We have proof of this in our own language; for a stroke with a whip is called a cut, and our common people, when they urge a person to ride or run with haste, cry out, cut on, cut on. The fact is the same with many other words which now signify, to separate with an edged tool. See Class Gd. No. 2. 4. 8. 43. 49. 56. 59. and in a different dialect, Class Gs. No. 5. 6. 28. 32. 40. 41. 42. 67.]

1. To separate the parts of any body by an edged instrument, either by striking, as with an ax, or by sawing or rubbing; to make a gash, incision or notch, which separates the external part of a body, as to cut the flesh. It signifies also, to cut into pieces; to sever or divide; as, to cut timber in the forest. But when an entire separation of the body is intended, it is usually followed by off, down, asunder, in two, in pieces, or other word denoting such severance.

``Ye shall not cut yourselves,' that is, ye shall not gash your flesh. Deuteronomy 14.

2. To hew.

Thy servants can skill to cut timber. 2. Chronicles 2.

3. To carve, as meat; to carve or engrave in sculpture.

Addison.

4. To divide; to cleave, by passing through; as, a ship cuts the briny deep.

5. To penetrate; to pierce; to affect deeply; as, a sarcasm cuts to the quick.

6. To divide, as a pack of cards; as, to cut and shuffle.

7. To intersect; to cross. One line cuts another at right angles. The ecliptic cuts the equator.

8. To castrate.

To cut across, to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an angle or distance.

To cut asunder, to cut into pieces; to divide; to sever.

He hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked. Psalm 129.

To cut down, to fell; to cause to fall by severing.

Ye shall cut down their groves. Exodus 34.

Hence, to depress; to abash; to humble; to shame; to silence; as, his eloquence cuts down the finest orator.

Addison.

[This phrase is not elegant, but is in popular use.]

To cut off, to separate one part from another; as, to cut off a finger; or an arm; to cut off the right hand figure; to cut off a letter or syllable.

2. To destroy; to extirpate; to put to death untimely.

Jezebel cut off the prophets of the Lord 1 Kings 18.

Evil doers shall be cut off. Psalm 37.

3. To separate; to remove to a distance, or to prevent all intercourse. A man in another country or in prison is cut off from his country or his friends.

4. To interrupt; as, to cut off communication.

5. To separate; to remove; to take away; as, to cut off ten years of life.

6. To intercept; to hinder from return, or union. The troops were cut off from the ships.

7. To end; to finish; as, to cut off all controversy.

8. To prevent or preclude; as, to cut off all occasion of blame.

9. To preclude or shut out. The sinner cuts himself off from the benefits of christianity.

10. To stop, interrupt or silence.

The judge cut off the counsel very short.

Bacon.

To cut on, to hasten; to run or ride with the utmost speed; a vulgar phrase.

2. To urge or drive in striking; to quicken blows; to hasten.

To cut out, to remove a part by cutting or carving; as, to cut out a piece from a board; to cut out the tongue. Hence,

2. To shape or form by cutting; as, to cut out a garment; to cut out an image; to cut out a wood into walks. Hence,

3. To scheme; to contrive; to prepare; as, to cut out work for another day. So we say, to strike out.

4. To shape; to adapt. He is not cut out for an author. [Not elegant.]

5. To debar. [Not common.]

Pope.

6. To take the preference or precedence of; as to cut out a prior judgment creditor.

Kent.

7. To step in and take the place of, as in courting and dancing. [A vulgar phrase.]

8. To interfere as a horse, when the shoe of one foot beats off the skin of the pastern joint of another.

To cut short, to hinder from proceeding by sudden interruption.

Achilles cut him short.

Dryden.

2. To shorten; to abridge; as, to cut short of provisions or pay; to cut the matter short.

To cut up, to cut in pieces; as, to cut up beef.

2. To eradicate; to cut off; as, to cut up shrubs.

Cut

CUT, verb intransitive To pass into or through and sever; to enter and divide the parts; as, an instrument cuts well.

2. To be severed by a cutting instrument; as, this fruit cuts easy or smooth.

3. To divide by passing.

The teeth are ready to cut.

Arbuthnot.

4. To perform a surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotomy.

He saved lives by cutting for the stone.

Pope.

5. To interfere, as a horse.

To cut in, to divide, or turn a card, for determining who are to play.

Cut

CUT, participle passive Gashed; divided; hewn; carved; intersected; pierced; deeply affected; castrated.

Cut and dry, prepared for use; a metaphor from hewn timber.

Cut

CUT, noun The action of an edged instrument; a stroke or blow, as with an ax or sword.

2. A cleft; a gash; a notch; a wound; the opening made by an edged instrument, distinguished by its length from that made by perforation with a pointed instrument.

3. A stroke or blow with a whip.

4. A channel made by cutting or digging; a ditch; a groove; a furrow; a canal.

5. A part cut off from the rest; as a good cut of beef; a cut of timber. Also, any small piece or shred.

6. A lot made by cutting a stick; as, to draw cuts.

Sidney.

7. A near passage, by which an angle is cut off; as a shorter cut.

8. A picture cut or carved on wood or metal, and impressed from it.

Brown.

9. The stamp on which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed.

10. The act of dividing a pack of cards. Also, the right to divide; as, whose cut is it?

11. Manner in which a thing is cut; form; shape; fashion; as the cut of a garment; the cut of his beard.

Stillingfleet.

12. A fool; a cully; a gelding. [Not in use.]

Cut and long tail, men of all kinds; a proverbial expression borrowed from dogs.

Cutaneous

CUTA'NEOUS, adjective [See Cuticle.] Belonging to the skin, or cutis; existing on, or affecting the skin; as a cutaneous disease; cutaneous eruption.

Cuth

CUTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence, Cuthwin, a famous conqueror; Cuthred, a famous or knowing counselor; Cuthbert, known bright, or famous for skill.

Gibson.

Cuticle

CU'TICLE, noun [Latin cuticula, dim. of cutis, skin, the same as hide, which see.]

1. The scarf-skin; the thin exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister; a thin pellucid membrane covering the true skin.

2. The thin external covering of the bark of a plant.

Darwin.

3. A thin skin formed on the surface of liquor.

Newton.

Cuticular

CUTIC'ULAR, adjective Pertaining to the cuticle or external coat of the skin.

Cutlas

CUT'LAS, noun [French coutelas; Armoric contelaÃƒ-§zen; Italian coltellaccio; Portugese cutelo. This word seems to be from the Latin cultellus, at least the Italian and French are so; and n in the Armoric is casual, as in other words in that dialect. The curteleaxe or curtelax of some authors, and curtax, seem to be corrupted, or they are from Spanish cortar, Latin curto, to cut. Cutlas is the more correct orthography.]

A broad curving sword; a hanger; used by soldiers in the cavalry, by seamen, &c.

Cutler

CUT'LER, noun [French coutelier; Norm. coteller; Armoric conteller or coutellour; Portugese cutileiro; Italian coltellinaio; from Latin culter, a knife.]

One whose occupation is to make knives and other cutting instruments.

Cutlery

CUT'LERY, noun The business of making knives; or more generally, knives and other edged instruments in general.

Cutlet

CUT'LET, noun [French cotelette, a little side or rib; cotÃƒ-©, side.]

A small piece of meat for cooking; as a veal cutlet.

Cutpurse

CUT'PURSE, noun [cut and purse.] One who cuts purses for stealing them or their contents; a practice said to have been common when men wore purses at their girdles. One who steals from the person; a thief; a robber.

Shak. Bentley.

Cutter

CUT'TER, noun One who cuts or hews.

2. An instrument that cuts; as a straw-cutter.

3. A fore tooth, that cuts meat, as distinguished from a grinder.

4. A small boat used by ships of war. Also, a vessel with one mast and a straight running bowsprit, which may be run in upon deck; rigged nearly like a sloop.

Mar. Dict.

5. An officer in the exchequer that provides wood for the tallies.

6. A ruffian; a bravo; a destroyer. Obs.

Cut-Throat

CUT'-THROAT, noun A murderer; an assassin; a ruffian.

South. Dryden.

Cut-Throat

CUT'-THROAT, adjective Murderous; cruel; barbarous.

Carew.

Cutting

CUT'TING, participle of the present tense [See Cut.] Dividing by an edged instrument; cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument, as by a knife, ax, or saw; hewing; carving; intersecting; piercing.

2. adjective Piercing the heart; wounding the feelings; deeply affecting with shame or remorse; pungent; piquant; satirical; as a cutting reflection.

Cutting

CUT'TING, noun A separation or division; a piece cut off; a slip; as the cuttings of vines.

2. The operation of removing a stone from the bladder.

Cuttle

CUT'TLE, or CUT'TLE-FISH, noun [Saxon cudele, from the sense of withdrawing or hiding, allied to cuddle, Welsh cuziaw, to hide, Armoric cutaff, or cuddyo, to hide.]

1. A genus of mollusca, called Sepia. They have small arms, with serrated cups, by which they lay fast hold of any thing. They have also two tentacula longer than the arms; the mouth is in the center of the arms, and is horny, and hooked like the bill of a hawk. They feed on sprats, lobsters and other shell-fish. They have a little bladder under the throat, [near the liver, Cuvier,] from which, when pursued, they throw out a black liquor that darkens the water, by which means they escape. Hence cuttle is used for a foul-mouthed fellow; one who blackens the character of another.

Encyc. Shak.

2. A knife. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Cut-Water

CUT'-WATER, noun The fore part of a ship's prow, or knee of the head, which cuts the water. Also, a water-fowl, a species of gull; or rather, the Rynchops, or razorbill.

Cut-Work

CUT'-WORK, noun Embroidery. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Cyanite

CY'ANITE, noun [Greek, sky-colored.] A mineral of a Berlin blue color, passing into gray and green; called by HaÃƒ-¼y, disthene.

Cyanogen

CYAN'OGEN, noun [Greek, blue, and, to beget.]

Carbureted azote, or carburet of nitrogen, the compound base of Prussic acid; otherwise called Prussine.

Ure.

Cyathiform

CYATH'IFORM, adjective [Latin cyathus, a cup; Greek.]

In the form of a cup, or drinking glass, a little widened at the top.

Lee.

Cyclades

CYC'LADES, n. plu. [Greek, a circle.] A number of isles arranged round the isle of Delos, in the Grecian Sea, in the form of a circle.

Cycle

CYC'LE, noun [Greek, Latin cyclus, an orb or circle; Irish ciogal. Qu. gig; Chaldee Hebrew. Class Gk. No. 13. 16.]

1. In chronology, a period or series of numbers, which regularly proceed from first to last, and then return to the first, in a perpetual circle. Hence,

2. The cycle of the moon, or golden number, or Metonic cycle, so called from its inventor Meton, is a period of nineteen years, which being completed, the new and full moons return on the same days of the month.

3. The cycle of the sun, is a period of twenty eight years, which having elapsed, the dominical or Sunday letters return to their former place, and proceed in the former order, according to the Julian calendar.

4. Cycle of indiction, a period of fifteen years, at the end of which the Roman emperors imposed an extraordinary tax, to pay the soldiers who were obliged to serve in the army for that period and no longer.

5. A round of years, or period of time, in which the same course begins again; a periodical space of time.

Holder.

6. An imaginary orb or circle in the heavens.

Milton.

Cyclograph

CYC'LOGRAPH, noun [, circle, and, to describe.]

An instrument for describing the arcs of circles.

Cycloid

CYC'LOID, noun [, circle, and form.] A geometrical curve on which depends the doctrine of pendulums; a figure made by the upper end of the diameter of a circle, turning about a right line.

Bailey.

The genesis of a cycloid may be conceived by imagining a nail in the circumference of a wheel; the line which the nail describes in the air, while the wheel revolves in a right line, is the cycloid.

Johnson.

Cycloidal

CYCLOID'AL, adjective Pertaining or relating to a cycloid; as, the cycloidal space is the space contained between the cycloid and its substance.

Chambers.

Or the space contained between the curve or crooked line and the subtense of the figure.

Bailey.

Cyclolite

CYC'LOLITE, noun A name given to Madrepores.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Cyclometry

CYCLOM'ETRY, noun [Greek, circle, and, to measure.] The art of measuring cycles or circles.

Wallis.

Cyclopean

CYCLOPE'AN, adjective [from Cyclops.] Pertaining to the Cyclops; vast; terrific.

Hall.

Cyclopedia

CYCLOPE'DIA, or CY'CLOPEDE, noun [Greek, circle, and, discipline, erudition.]

The circle or compass of the arts and sciences; circle of human knowledge. Hence, the book or books that contain treatises on every branch of the arts and sciences, arranged under proper heads, in alphabetical order. [See Encyclopedia.]

Cyclopic

CYCLOP'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Cyclops; gigantic; savage.

Bryant.

Cyclops

CY'CLOPS, noun [Greek; a circle, and, an eye.]

In fabulous history, certain giants, the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, who had but one circular eye in the midst of the forehead. They inhabited Sicily, and assisted Vulcan in making thunderbolts for Jupiter.

Lempriere.

Cyder

CYDER. [See Cider.]

Cygnet

CYG'NET, noun [Latin cygnus, cycnus, a swan; Greek.] A young swan.

Shak.

Cylinder

CYL'INDER, noun [Greek, from, to roll, from, id.; Latin cylindrus;

Spanish cilindro; Italian id.; French cylindre; Hebrew Chaldee, Arabic to roll.]

In geometry, a solid body supposed to be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round one of its sides; or a long circular body of uniform diameter, and its extremities forming equal parallel circles.

Encyc. Bailey.

Cylindraceous

CYLINDRA'CEOUS, adjective Cylindrical. [Little used.]

Lee. Bot.

Cylindric

CYLIN'DRIC, or CYLIN'DRICAL, adjective Having the form of a cylinder; or partaking of its properties.

Cylindriform

CYLIN'DRIFORM, adjective [cylinder and form.] Having the form of a cylinder.

Cylindroid

CYL'INDROID, noun [cylinder and, form.] A solid body, approaching to the figure of a cylinder, but differing in some respects, as having the bases elliptical, but parallel and equal.

Encyc.

Cymar

CYMAR', noun A slight covering; a scarf; properly, simar.

Cymatium

CYMA'TIUM, or CY'MA, noun [Latin; Greek, a little wave, from, a wave.]

In architecture, a member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is waving, that is, concave at the top and convex at bottom.

Cymbal

CYM'BAL, noun [Latin cymbalum; Greek; Italian cembalo.]

1. A musical instrument used by the ancients, hollow and made of brass, somewhat like a kettle-drum; but the precise form is not ascertained.

2. A mean instrument used by gypsies and vagrants, made of a steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are passed five rings, which are touched and shifted along the triangle with an iron rod held in the left hand, while it is supported in the right by a ring, to give it free motion.

Encyc.

Cymbiform

CYM'BIFORM, adjective [Latin cymba, a boat, and forma, form.] Shaped like a boat.

Martyn.

Cyme

CY'ME, or CY'MA, noun [Greek, fetus, from, to swell.] Literally, a sprout, particularly of the cabbage. Technically, an aggregate flower composed of several florets sitting on a receptacle, producing all the primary peduncles from the same point, but having the partial peduncles scattered and irregular; all fastigiate, or forming a flat surface at the top. It is naked or with bractes.

Martyn.

Cymling

CYM'LING, noun A squash.

Virginia.

Cymophane

CYM'OPHANE, noun [Greek, a wave, and, to appear.]

A mineral, called also chrysoberyl. Its color is green of different shades; its fracture conchoidal or undulated, and in hardness it ranks next to the sapphire.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland.

Cymophanous

CYMOPH'ANOUS, adjective Having a wavy floating light; opalescent; chatoyant.

Cymose

CY'MOSE, or CY'MOUS, adjective Containing a cyme; in the form of a cyme.

Martyn.

Cynanche

CYNAN'CHE, noun [Greek, a dog-collar, angina; a dog, and, to press or bind, to suffocate.]

A disease of the throat, attended with inflammation, swelling, and difficulty of breathing and swallowing. It is of several kinds and comprehends the quinsy, croop and malignant sore throat.

Cynanthropy

CYNAN'THROPY, noun [Greek, a dog, and, man.]

A kind of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs.

Cynarctomachy

CYNARCTOM'ACHY, noun [Greek, a dog, a bear, and, a fight.]

Bear-baiting with a dog. [A barbarous word.]

Hudibras.

Cynic

CYN'IC, or CYN'ICAL, adjective [Greek, canine, from, a dog.] Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious; surly; currish; austere.

Cynic spasm, a kind of convulsion, in which the patient imitates the howling of dogs.

Encyc.

Cynic

CYN'IC, noun A man of a canine temper; a surly or snarling man or philosopher; a follower of Diogenes; a misanthrope.

Shak.

Cynically

CYN'ICALLY, adverb In a snarling, captious or morose manner.

Bacon.

Cynicalness

CYN'ICALNESS, noun Moroseness; contempt of riches and amusements.

Cynics

CYN'ICS, noun In ancient history, a sect of philosophers, who valued themselves on their contempt of riches, of arts, sciences and amusements. They are said to owe their origin to Antisthenes of Athens.

Encyc.

Cynosure

CYN'OSURE, noun [Greek, the tail of the dog, ursa minor, the little bear.]

The constellation near the north pole, consisting of seven stars, four of which are disposed like the four wheels of a chariot, and three lengthwise, like the beam; hence called the chariot or Charles's wain. As seamen are accustomed to steer by this constellation, it is sometimes taken for that which directs or attracts attention.

Encyc. Milton.

Cyon

CYON. [See Cion.]

Cypher

CYPHER. [See Cipher.]

Cypress

CY'PRESS, noun [Latin cupressus; Greek.] A genus of plants or trees. The most remarkable are the sempervirens or common cypress, the evergreen American cypress or white cedar, and the disticha or deciduous American cypress. The wood of these trees is remarkable for its durability. The coffins in which the Athenian heroes and the mummies of Egypt were deposited, are said to have been made of the first species.

Encyc.

2. The emblem of mourning for the dead, cypress branches having been anciently used at funerals.

Had success attended the Americans, the death of Warren would have been sufficient to damp the joys of victory, and the cypress would have been united with the laurel.

Eliot's Biog.

Cyprin

CYP'RIN, adjective Pertaining to the fish of the genus Cyprinus.

Cyprus

CY'PRUS, noun A thin transparent black stuff.

Shak.

Cyriologic

CYRIOLOGIC, adjective [Greek, chief, and, discourse.] Relating or pertaining to capital letters.

Encyc.

Cyst

CYST, noun [Greek, a bladder.] A bag or tunic which includes morbid matter in animal bodies.

Encyc.

Cystic

CYST'IC, adjective Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. The cystic duct is the membranous canal that conveys the bile from the hepatic duct into the gall-bladder. The cystic artery is a branch of the hepatic.

Hooper.

Cystic oxyd, a name given to a peculiar substance, supposed to be generated in the bladder or rather in the kidneys.

Ure.

Cystocele

CYS'TOCELE, noun [Greek, a bladder, and, a tumor.]

A hernia or rupture formed by the protrusion of the urinary bladder.

Hooper.

Cystotomy

CYSTOT'OMY, noun [Greek, a bladder, and, to cut.]

The act or practice of opening encysted tumors, for the discharge of morbid matter.

Cytisus

CYT'ISUS, noun A shrub or tree. Also, a genus of trees; tree-trefoil.

Czar

CZ'AR, noun A king; a chief; a title of the emperor of Russia; pronounced tzar, and so written by good authors.

Czarina

CZARINA, noun A title of the empress of Russia.

Czarish

CZ'ARISH, adjective Pertaining to the czar of Russia.

D

D

D, in the English alphabet, is the fourth letter and the third articulation. It holds the same place in the English, as in the Chaldee, Syriac, Hebrew, Samaritan, Greek and Latin alphabets. In the Arabic, it is the eighth; in the Russian, the fifth; and in the Ethiopic, the nineteenth letter.

D

D is a dental articulation, formed by placing the end of the tongue against the gum just above the upper teeth. It is nearly allied to T, but is not so close a letter, or rather it does not interrupt the voice so suddenly as T, and in forming the articulation, there is a lingual and nasal sound, which has induced some writers to rank D among the lingual letters. It has but one sound, as in do, din, bad; and is never quiescent in English words, except in a rapid utterance of such words as hand-kerchief.

As a numeral, D represents five hundred, and when a dash or stroke is placed over it, thus D; it denotes five thousand.

As an abbreviation, D stands for Doctor; as M. Dutch Doctor of Medicine; Dutch T. Doctor of Theology, or S. T. Dutch Doctor of Sacred Theology; Dutch Dutch Doctor of Divinity, or dono dedit; Dutch Dutch Dutch dat, dicat, dedicat; and Dutch Dutch Dutch Dutch dignum Deo donum dedit.

Da Capo. [Italian from the head.] In music, these words signify that the first part of the tune is to be repeated from the beginning.

Dab

DAB, verb transitive [French dauber, or from the same root. It has the elements of dip, dub and tap, Greek, and of daub. Class Db. No. 3. 21. 28. 58.]

1. To strike gently with the hand; to slap; to box.

Bailey.

2. To strike gently with some soft or moist substance; as, to dab a sore with lint.

Sharp.

Dab

DAB, noun A gentle blow with the hand.

2. A small lump or mass of any thing soft or moist.

3. Something moist or slimy thrown on one.

4. In law language, an expert man. [See Dabster.]

5. A small flat fish, of the genus Pleuronectes, of a dark brown color.

Dabchick

DAB'CHICK, noun [dab or dip and chick.] A small water-fowl.

Dabble

DAB'BLE, verb transitive [Hebrew tabal, or from the root of dip, Gothic daupyan, Belgic dabben or dabbelen. See Dip.]

Literally, to dip a little or often; hence, to wet; to moisten; to spatter; to wet by little dips or strokes; to sprinkle.

Swift. Wiseman.

Dabble

DAB'BLE, verb intransitive To play in water; to dip the hands, throw water and splash about; to play in mud and water.

2. To do any thing in a slight or superficial manner; to tamper; to touch here and there.

You have, I think, been dabbling with the text.

Atterbury.

3. To meddle; to dip into a concern.

Dabbler

DAB'BLER, noun One who plays in water or mud.

2. One who dips slightly into any thing; one who meddles, without going to the bottom; a superficial meddler; as a dabbler in politics.

Dabbling

DAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Dipping superficially or often; playing in water, or in mud; meddling.

Dabster

DAB'STER, noun [Qu. from adept, with ster, Saxon steoran, to steer.]

One who is skilled; one who is expert; a master of his business. [Not an elegant word. See Dapper.]

Dace

DACE, noun [Dutch daas. Qu. French vendoise.] A fish, the Cyprinus leuciscus; a small river fish, resembling the roach.

Walton.

Dactyl

DAC'TYL, noun [Greek, a finger; Latin dactylus; probably a shoot. See Digit.]

A poetical foot consisting of three syllables, the first long, and the others short, like the joints of a finger; as, tegmine, carmine.

Dactylet

DAC'TYLET, noun A dactyl.

Bp. Hall.

Dactylic

DAC'TYLIC, adjective Pertaining to or consisting of dactyls; as dactylic verses; a dactylic flute, a flute consisting of unequal intervals.

Encyc.

Dactylist

DAC'TYLIST, noun [from dactyl.] One who writes flowing verse.

Warton.

Dactylology

DACTYLOL'OGY, noun [, finger, and, discourse.]

The act or the art of communicating ideas or thoughts by the fingers. Deaf and dumb persons acquire a wonderful dexterity in this art.

Dad

DAD, or DAD'DY, noun [Welsh tad; Irish taid; Armoric tad; Cornish tad or taz; ancient Latin tata; Portugese taita; Gypsey, dad, dada; Sanscrit tada; Hindoo, dada; Russian tiatia; Finn. taat.]

Father; a word used by infants, from whom it is taken. The first articulations of infants or young children are dental or labial; dental, in tad, dad, and labial, in mamma, papa.

Daddle

DAD'DLE, verb intransitive To walk with tottering, like a child or an old man. [Little used.]

Dade

DADE, verb transitive To hold up by leading strings. [Little used.]

Drayton.

Dado

D`ADO, noun [Ital. a die.] The plain part of a column between the base and the cornice; the die.

Dict.

Or a cubical base of a column.

Thomson.

Daedal

DAE'DAL, adjective [Latin Doedalus, Greek, an ingenious artist.]

1. Various; variegated.

Spenser.

2. Skilful.

Daedalian

DAEDALIAN. [See Dedalian.]

Daff

DAFF, or DAFFE, noun [Icelandic dauf, allied to deaf.] A stupid blockish fellow. Obs.

Chaucer.

Daff

DAFF, verb transitive To daunt. [Local.]

Grose.

Daff

DAFF, verb transitive To toss aside; to put off. [See Doff.]

Shak.

Daffodil

DAF'FODIL, noun [Dutch affodille; German doppelte narcisse, double narcissus; Italian asfodillo; French asphodele; Latin asphodelus; Greek.]

A plant of the genus Narcissus, of several species. These have a bulbous root, and beautiful flowers of various colors, white, yellow and purple.

Encyc.

Dag

DAG, noun [French dague, from thrusting.] A dagger; a hand-gun; a pistol. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Dag

DAG, noun Dew. [Not in use.]

Dag

DAG, noun [Saxon dag.] A loose end, as of locks of wool; called also dag-locks.

Bailey.

2. A leathern latchet.

Dag

DAG, verb transitive To daggle. [Not in use.]

2. To cut into slips. Obs.

Chaucer.

Dagger

DAG'GER, noun [French dague; Dutch dagge; Armoric dager; Spanish daga; Portugese adaga; Italian daga; Irish daigear. In German and Dutch degen is a sword.]

1. A short sword; a poniard.

Sidney.

2. In fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron with a basket hilt, used for defense.

3. With printers, an obelisk, or obelus, a mark of reference in the form of a dagger; thus Ã‚-†.

Dagger

DAG'GER, verb transitive To pierce with a dagger; to stab.

Daggers-Drawing

DAG'GERS-DRAWING, noun The act of drawing daggers; approach to open attack or to violence; a quarrel.

Swift.

Daggle

DAG'GLE, verb transitive [probably from dag, dew, or its root.]

To trail in mud or wet grass; to befoul; to dirty, as the lower end of a garment.

Daggle

DAG'GLE, verb intransitive To run through mud and water.

Daggled

DAG'GLED, participle passive Dipped or trailed in mud or foul water; befouled.

Daggle-Tail

DAG'GLE-TAIL, adjective Having the lower ends of garments defiled with mud.

Daggling

DAG'GLING, participle of the present tense Drawing along in mud or foul water.

Dag-Swain

DAG'-SWAIN, noun [dag, a shred.] A kind of carpet.

Harrison.

Dag-Tailed

DAG'-TAILED, adjective The same as daggle-tail; trailed in mud.

Daily

DA'ILY, adjective [Saxon doeglic, from dag, day.]

Happening or being every day; done day by day; bestowed or enjoyed every day; as daily labor; a daily allowance.

Give us this day our daily bread.

Lord's Prayer.

Daily

DA'ILY, adverb Every day; day by day; as, a thing happens daily.

Daintily

DA'INTILY, adverb [from dainty.] Nicely; elegantly; as a hat daintily made. [Not legitimate, nor in use.]

Bacon.

2. Nicely; fastidiously; with nice regard to what is well tasted; as, to eat daintily.

3. Deliciously; as, to fare daintily.

4. Ceremoniously; scrupulously.

Daintiness

DA'INTINESS, noun Delicacy; softness; elegance; nicety; as the daintiness of the limbs. Obs.

B. Jonson.

2. Delicacy; deliciousness; applied to food; as the daintiness of provisions.

3. Nicety in taste; squeamishness; fastidiousness; as the daintiness of the taste.

Wotton.

4. Ceremoniousness; scrupulousness; nice attention to manners. Obs.

Daintrel

DA'INTREL, noun A delicacy. [Not in use.]

Dainty

DA'INTY, adjective [Welsh deintiaiz; Scot. dainty; from dant, daint, the teeth, Latin dens, Greek, Sanscrit danta.]

1. Nice; pleasing to the palate; of exquisite faste; delicious; as dainty food.

2. Delicate; of acute sensibility; nice in selecting what is tender and good; squeamish; soft; luxurious; as a dainty taste or palate; a dainty people.

3. Scrupulous in manners; ceremonions.

Shak.

4. Elegant; tender; soft; pure; neat; effeminately beautiful; as dainty hands or limbs.

Milton. Shak.

5. Nice; affectedly fine; as a dainty speaker.

Prior.

Dainty

DA'INTY, noun Something nice and delicate to the taste; that which is exquisitely delicious; a delicacy.

Be not desirous of dainties, for they are deceitful meat. Proverbs 23.

2. A term of fondness. [Not much used.]

Why, that's my dainty.

Shak.

Dairy

DA'IRY, noun [This word I have not found in any other language. In Russian doyu signifies to milk, and Junius mentions dey, an old word for milk, and Icelandic deggia, to milk. It may be, and probably is, a contracted word.]

1. Milk, and all that concerns it, on a farm; or the business of managing milk, and of making butter and cheese. The whole establishment respecting milk, in a family, or on a farm.

Grounds were turned much in England either to feeding or dairy; and this advanced the trade of English butter.

Temple.

2. The place, room or house, where milk is set for cream, managed, and converted into butter or cheese.

Dryden.

3. Milk-farm.

Bacon.

Dairyhouse

DA'IRYHOUSE, or DA'IRYROOM, noun A house or room appropriated to the management of milk.

Dairymaid

DA'IRYMAID, noun A female servant whose business is to manage milk.

Addison.

Daisied

DA'ISIED, adjective [See Daisy.] Full of daisies; adorned with daisies.

Shak.

Daisy

DA'ISY, n. s as z. [Saxon doeges-ege, day's eye.].

A plant of the genus Bellis, of several varieties. The blue daisy belongs to the genus Globularia, as does the globe daisy; the greater or ox-eye daisy belongs to the genus Chrysanthemum; and the middle daisy, to the Doronicum.

Fam. of Plants.

Daker-Hen

DA'KER-HEN, noun A fowl of the gallinaceous kind, somewhat like a patridge or quail.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

The corn-crake or Iand-rail, a bird of the grallic order of Linne.

Ed. Encyc.

Dakir

DA'KIR, noun In English statutes, ten hides, or the twentieth part of a last of hides.

Encyc.

Dale

DALE, noun [Gothic dalei; Danish and Swedish dal; German thal; Dutch dal; Welsh dol; Russian dol, udol, and doline; allied perhaps to dell. The Welsh dol signifies a winding, bend or meander, and a dale through which a river runs; a band, a ring, &c. In Dutch daalen signifies to descend, to sink.]

A low place between hills; a vale or valley; a poetic word.

Dalliance

DAL'LIANCE, noun [See Dally.] Literally, delay; a lingering; appropriately, acts of fondness; interchange of caresses; toying, as males and females; as youthful dalliance.

Milton.

2. Conjugal embraces; commerce of the sexes.

Milton.

3. Delay. Obs.

Shak.

Dallier

DAL'LIER, noun One who fondles; a trifler; as a dallier with pleasant words.

Ascham.

Dally

DAL'LY, verb intransitive [Welsh dÃƒ- l or dala, to hold, bear, keep, stop; Armoric dalea, to stop or retard; Irish dail, delay; Russian dlyu. The sense of holding is often connected with that of extending, drawing out in time; Arabic to prolong, to delay. Class Dl. No. 20. See also No. 24. 29.]

1. Literally, to delay; to linger; to wait. Hence,

2. To trifle; to lose time in idleness and trifles; to amuse one's self with idle play.

It is madness to dally any longer.

Calamy.

3. To toy and wanton, as man and woman; to interchange caresses; to fondle.

Shak.

4. To sport; to play.

She dallies with the wind.

Shak.

Dally

DAL'LY, verb transitive To delay; to defer; to put off; to amuse till a proper opportunity; as, to dally off the time. [Not much used.]

Knolles.

Dallying

DAL'LYING, participle of the present tense Delaying; procrastinating; trifling; wasting time in idle amusement; toying; fondling.

Dam

DAM, noun [supposed to be from dame, which see.]

1. A female parent; used of beasts, particularly of quadrupeds.

2. A human mother, in contempt.

Shak.

3. [French dame, the queen; Spanish dama.] A crowned man in the game of draughts.

Dam

DAM, noun [Dutch dam; German damm; Swedish id.; Danish dam, a pond. See the Verb.]

A mole, bank or mound of earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to obstruct a current of water, and to raise it, for the purpose of driving millwheels, or for other purposes. Any work that stops and confines water in a pond or bason, or causes it to rise.

Dam

DAM, verb transitive [Saxon demman; German dÃƒ-¤mmen; Dutch dammen; Danish doemmer; Chaldee to stop, to shut; Hebrew Chaldee, Arabic to stop or shut. Qu. Chaldee, Arabic id. This is the root of dumb. See Class Dm. No. 17. 18. 23. 39.]

1. To make a dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by any other work; to confine or shut in water. It is common to use, after the verb, in, up, or out; as, to dam in, or to dam up, the water, and to dam out is to prevent water from entering.

2. To confine or restrain from escaping; to shut in; used by Shakespeare of fire, and by Milton of light.

Damage

DAM'AGE, noun [French dommage; Armoric doumaich; Norm. domage; Saxon dem; Latin damnum; Spanish dano; Portugese dano; Italian danno; Irish damaiste. This word seems to be allied to the Greek, a fine or mulct, Chaldee or to impose a fine. But qu. See Damn.]

1. Any hurt, injury or harm to one's estate; any loss of property sustained; any hinderance to the increase of property; or any obstruction to the success of an enterprise. A man suffers damage by the destruction of his corn, by the burning of his house, by the detention of a ship which defeats a profitable voyage, or by the failure of a profitable undertaking. Damage then is any actual loss, or the prevention of profit. It is usually and properly applied to property, but sometimes to reputation and other things which are valuable. But in the latter case, injury is more correctly used.

2. The value of what is lost; the estimated equivalent for detriment or injury sustained; that which is given or adjudged to repair a loss. This is the legal signification of the word. It is the province of a jury to assess damages in trespass. In this sense, the word is generally used in the plural.

Damage

DAM'AGE, verb transitive [Italian danneggiare; but Norm. damager is to oppress.]

To hurt or harm; to injure; to impair; to lessen the soundness, goodness or value of. Rain may damage corn or hay; a storm may damage a ship; a house is often damaged by fire, when it is not destroyed; heavy rains damage roads.

Damage

DAM'AGE, verb intransitive To receive harm; to be injured or impaired in soundness, or value; as, green corn will damage in a mow or stack.

Damage-Feasant

DAMAGE-FEASANT, a. dam'age-fez'ant. [French faisant, from faire.]

Doing injury; trespassing, as cattle.

Blackstone.

Damageable

DAM'AGEABLE, adjective That may be injured or impaired; susceptible of damage; as damageable goods.

2. Hurtful; pernicious. [Rare.]

Damaged

DAM'AGED, participle passive Hurt; impaired; injured.

Damaging

DAM'AGING, participle of the present tense Injuring; impairing.

Damascene

DAM'ASCENE, noun [Latin damascenus, from Damascus.]

1. A particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which see.

2. It may be locally applied to other species of plums.

Damask

DAM'ASK, noun [Italian dommasco; French damas; Spanish damasco; from Damascus, in Syria.]

1. A silk stuff, having some parts raised above the ground, representing flowers and other figures; originally from Damascus.

2. A kind of wrought linen, made in Flanders, in imitÃƒ- tion of damask silks.

3. Red color, from the damask-rose.

Fairfax.

Damask-steel, is a fine steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for sword and cutlas blades.

Damask

DAM'ASK, verb transitive To form flowers on stuffs; also, to variegate; to diversify; as, a bank damasked with flowers.

Milton.

2. To adorn steel-work with figures. [See Damaskeen.]

Damask-Plum

DAM'ASK-PLUM, noun A small black plum.

Damask-Rose

DAM'ASK-ROSE, noun A species of rose which is red, and another which is white.

Damasken

DAM'ASKEN, or DAMASKEE'N, verb transitive [French damasquiner. See Damask.]

To make incisions in iron, steel, &c., and fill them with gold or silver wire, for ornament; used chiefly for adorning swordblades, guards, locks of pistols, &c.

Chambers.

Damaskeened

DAMASKEE'NED, participle passive Carved into figures and inlaid with gold or silver wire.

Damaskeening

DAMASKEE'NING, ppr Engraving and adorning with gold or silver wire inlaid.

Damaskeening

DAMASKEE'NING, noun The act or art of beautifying iron or steel, by engraving and inlaying it with gold or silver wire. This art partakes of the mosaic, of engraving, and of carving. Like the mosaic, it has inlaid work; like engraving, it cuts the metal into figures; and as in chasing, gold and silver is wrought in relievo.

Encyc.

Damaskin

DAM'ASKIN, noun A saber, so called from the manufacture of Damascus.

Dame

DAME, noun [French dame; Spanish Portugese Italian dama; from Latin domina, a mistress or governess, from domo, Greek, to subdue, to tame. Class Dm. No. 3. 4. 23. 24.]

Literally, a mistress; hence, a lady; a title of honor to a woman. It is now generally applied to the mistress of a family in the common ranks of life; as is its compound, madam. In poetry, it is applied to a woman of rank. In short, it is applied with propriety to any woman who is or has been the mistress of a family, and it sometimes comprehends women in general.

Dames-Violet

DAME'S-VIOLET, or DAME-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Hesperis; called also queen's gilliflower, or rocket. It is remarkable for its fragrant odor, and ladies are fond of having it in their apartments.

Damianists

DA'MIANISTS, in church history, a sect who denied any distinction in the God-head; believing in one single nature, yet calling God, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Encyc.

Damn

DAMN, v. t. dam. [Latin damno; French damner; Armoric dauna; Italian dannare; Spanish danar; Portugese danar. The Portuguese word is rendered to hurt, to damnify, to corrupt or spoil, to undo or ruin, to bend, to crook, to make mad. The latter sense would seem to be from the Latin demens, and damnum is by Varro referred to demendo, demo, which is supposed to be a compound of de and emo. But qu., for damno and condemno coincide with the English doom.]

1. To sentence to eternal torments in a future state; to punish in hell.

He that believeth not shall be damned. Mark 16.

2. To condemn; to decide to be wrong or worthy of punishment; to censure; to reprobate.

He that doubteth is damned if he eat. Romans 14.

3. To condemn; to explode; to decide to be bad, mean, or displeasing, by hissing or any mark of disapprobation; as, to damn a play, or a mean author.

4. A word used in profaneness; a term of execration.

Damnable

DAM'NABLE, adjective That may be damned or condemned; deserving damnation; worthy of eternal punishment. More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to damnation; as damnable heresies. 2 Peter 2.

2. In a low or ludicrous sense, odious, detestable, or pernicious.

Shak.

Damnableness

DAM'NABLENESS, noun The state or quality of deserving damnation.

Damnably

DAM'NABLY, adverb In a manner to incur eternal punishment, or so as to exclude mercy.

South.

2. In a low sense, odiously; detestably; sometimes, excessively.

Damnation

DAMNA'TION, noun [Latin damnatio.] Sentence or condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state; or the state of eternal torments.

How can ye escape the damnation of hell. Matthew 23.

2. Condemnation.

Taylor.

Damnatory

DAM'NATORY, adjective Containing a sentence of condemnation.

Waterland.

Damned

DAM'NED, participle passive Sentenced to everlasting punishment in a future state; condemned.

2. adjective Hateful; detestable; abominable; a word chiefly used in profaneness by persons of vulgar manners.

Damnific

DAMNIF'IC, adjective [See Damnify.] Procuring loss; mischievous.

Damnified

DAM'NIFIED, participle passive [See Damnify.] Injured; endamaged.

Damnify

DAM'NIFY, verb transitive [Latin damnifico; damnum and facio; Italian dannificare.]

1. To cause loss or damage to; to hurt in estate or interest; to injure; to endamage; as, to damnify a man in his goods or estate.

2. To hurt; to injure; to impair; applied to the person.

Spenser.

Damnifying

DAM'NIFYING, participle of the present tense Hurting; injuring; impairing.

Damning

DAM'NING, participle of the present tense Dooming to endless punishment; condemning.

2. adjective That condemns or exposes to damnation; as a damning sin.

Damningness

DAM'NINGNESS, noun Tendency to bring damnation.

Hammond.

Damp

DAMP, adjective [German dampf; Dutch damp; Swedish damb; Danish damp, steam, vapor, fog, smoke; perhaps steam is from the same root, from wasting; Sanscrit dhuma. See Class Dm. No. 33.]

Moist; humid; being in a state between dry and wet; as a damp cloth; damp air: sometimes, foggy; as, the atmosphere is damp; but it may be damp without visible vapor.

2. Dejected; sunk; depressed; chilled. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Damp

DAMP, noun Moist air; humidity; moisture; fog.

Milton.

2. Dejection; depression of spirits; chill.

We say, to strike a damp, or to cast a damp, on the spirits.

Milton.

3. Damps. plu. Noxious exhalations issuing from the earth, and deleterious or fatal to animal life. These are often known to exist in wells, which continue long covered and not used, and in mines and coal-pits; and sometimes they issue from the old lavas of volcanoes. These damps are usually the carbonic acid gas, vulgarly called choke-damp, which instantly suffocates; or some inflammable gas, called fire-damp.

Damp

DAMP, verb transitive To moisten; to make humid, or moderately wet.

2. To chill; to deaden; to depress or deject; to abate; as, to damp the spirits; to damp the ardor of passion.

Swift.

3. To weaken; to make dull; as, to damp sound.

Bacon.

4. To check or restrain, as action or vigor; to make languid; to discourage; as, to damp industry.

Bacon.

Damped

DAMP'ED, participle passive Chilled; depressed; abated; weakened; checked; discouraged.

Damper

DAMP'ER, noun That which damps or checks; a valve or sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity of air admitted, and thus to regulate the heat or extinguish the fire.

Edwards, Welsh Ind. Rumford.

2. A part of a piano-forte, by which the sound is deadened.

Damping

DAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Chilling; deadening; dejecting; abating; checking; weakening.

Dampish

DAMP'ISH, adjective Moderately damp, or moist.

Dampishness

DAMP'ISHNESS, noun A moderate degree of dampness, or moistness; slight humidity.

Dampness

DAMP'NESS, noun Moisture; fogginess; moistness; moderate humidity; as the dampness of the air, of the ground, or of a cloth.

Damps

DAMPS, noun [See Damp.]

Dampy

DAMP'Y. adjective Dejected; gloomy. [Little used.]

Hayward.

Damsel

DAM'SEL, n. s as z. [French damoiselle and demoiselle, a gentlewoman, and damoiseau, a spark or beau; Norm. damoisells, or demicelles, nobles, sons of kings, princes, knights, lords, ladies of quality, and damoyseles, damsels, female infants; Spanish damisola, a young gentlewoman, any girl not of the lower class. The Armoric ma-mesell,

va-mesell, or man-mesell, a woman or madam, seems to indicate that the first syllable is a prefix, and mesell, miss, a distinct word. But damoiselle, Norm. demicelle, from which we have damsel, is doubtless from the Italian damigella, a diminutive formed from dama, like the Latin domicilium, from domus, and penicillus, from the root of penna. The Italian damigello, in the masculine gender, shows the propriety of the ancient application of damsel to males.]

A young woman. Formerly, a young man or woman of noble or genteel extraction; as Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, prince of Wales. It is now used only of young women, and is applied to any class of young unmarried women, unless to the most vulgar, and sometimes to country girls.

With her train of damsels she was gone.

Dryden.

Then Boaz said, whose damsel is this? Ruth 2.

This word is rarely used in conversation, or even in prose writings of the present day; but it occurs frequently in the scriptures, and in poetry.

Damson

DAM'SON, n. dam'zn. [contracted from damascene, the Damascus plum.]

The fruit of a variety of the Prunus domestica; a small black plum.

Dan

DAN, noun [Spanish don. Qu. from dominus, or Arabic to be chief, to judge, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic. Class Dn. No. 2. 4.]

A title of honor equivalent to master; used by Shakespeare, Prior, &c., but now obsolete.

Dance

D`ANCE, v.i. dans. [French danser; Spanish danzar; Portugese danÃƒ-§ar; Armoric danÃƒ-§zal; Italian danzare; German danssen; Swedish dansa; Danish dandser; Dutch danssen; Basque dantza; Russian tantzyu. Qu. the radical letters, and the Oriental, with a casual noun]

1. Primarily, to leap or spring; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, regulated by a tune, sung or played on a musical instrument; to leap or step with graceful motions of the body, corresponding with the sound of the voice or of an instrument.

There is a time to mourn, and a time to dance. Ecclesiastes 3.

2. To leap and frisk about; to move nimbly or up and down.

To dance attendance, to wait with obsequiousness; to strive to please and gain favor by assiduous attentions and officious civilities; as, to dance attendance at court.

Dance

D`ANCE, verb transitive To make to dance; to move up and down, or back and forth; to dandle; as, to dance a child on the knee.

Bacon.

Dance

D`ANCE, noun In a general sense, a leaping and frisking about. Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly by two or more in concert. A lively brisk exercise or amusement, in which the movements of the persons are regulated by art, in figure, and by the sound of instruments, in measure.

2. A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, &c.

Dancer

D`ANCER, noun One who practices dancing, or is skilful in the performance.

Dancing

D`ANCING, participle of the present tense Leaping and stepping to the sound of the voice or of an instrument; moving in measured steps; frisking about.

Dancing-Master

D`ANCING-MASTER, noun One who teaches the art of dancing.

Dancing-School

D`ANCING-SCHOOL, noun A school in which the art of dancing is taught.

Dandelion

DAN'DELION, noun [French dent de lion, lion's tooth.]

A well known plant of the genus Leontodon, having a naked stalk, with one large flower.

Dandiprat

DAN'DIPRAT, noun [French dandin, a ninny; Italian dondolone, a loiterer; dondolo, any thing swinging; dondolare, to swing, to loiter. The Spanish and Portugese tonto, a dolt, may be of the same family. Qu. prat.]

A little fellow; an urchin; a word of fondness or contempt.

Johnson.

Dandle

DAN'DLE, verb transitive [German tÃƒ-¤ndeln, to toy, to trifle, to lounge, to dandle; French dandiner, to jog; Italian dondolare, to swing, to loiter; Spanish and Portugese tontear, to dote, to talk nonsense; Scot. dandill, dander. These words seem to be allied.]

1. To shake or jolt on the knee, as an infant; to move up and down in the hand; literally, to amuse by play.

Ye shall be dandled on her knees. Isaiah 66.

2. To fondle; to amuse; to treat as a child; to toy with.

I am ashamed to be dandled thus.

Addison.

3. To delay; to protract by trifles. Obs.

Spenser.

Dandled

DAN'DLED, participle passive Danced on the knee, or in the arms; fondled; amused by trifles or play.

Dandler

DAN'DLER, noun One who dandles or fondles children.

Dandling

DAN'DLING, participle of the present tense Shaking and jolting on the knee; moving about in play or for amusement, as an infant.

Dandruff

DANDRUFF, noun [Qu. Saxon tan, a scab, tetter, and drof, sordid; or French teigne, Armoric tign, or taign.]

A scurf which forms on the head, and comes off in small scales or particles.

Dandy

DAN'DY, noun [Qu. Scot. dandie. See Dandiprat.]

In modern usage, a male of the human species, who dresses himself like a doll, and who carries his character on his back.

Dandyism

DAN'DYISM, noun The manners and dress of a dandy.

Dane

DANE, noun A native of Denmark.

Danegelt

DA'NEGELT, noun [Dane and gelt, geld, money.]

In England, an annual tax formerly laid on the English nation, for maintaining forces to oppose the Danes, or to furnish tribute to procure peace. It was at first one shilling, and afterwards two, for every hide of land, except such as belonged to the church.

Encyc.

Danewort

DA'NEWORT, noun A plant of the genus Sambucus; a species of elder, called dwarf-elder or wall-wort.

Danger

DANGER, noun [French Armoric Scot. danger; Norm. daungerous, dubious. This word in Scottish, according to Jamieson, signifies peril, power, or dominion, doubt, hesitation. In Chaucer, it signifies peril, and coyness, sparingness or custody. In old

English laws, it denotes a payment in money by forest tenants, to their lord, for permission to plow and sow in the time of pannage or mast-feeding. The primary sense is not obvious. Spenser has the following couplet.

Valiant he should be as fire, Showing danger more than ire.]

Peril; risk; hazard; exposure to injury, loss, pain or other evil.

Our craft is in danger to be set at nought. Acts 19.

It is easy to boast of despising death, when there is no danger.

Danger

DANGER, verb transitive To put in hazard; to expose to loss or injury. Shak. But rarely used. [See Endanger, which is generally used.]

Dangerless

DANGERLESS, adjective Free from danger; without risk. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Dangerous

DANGEROUS, adjective Perilous; hazardous; exposing to loss; unsafe; full of risk; as a dangerous voyage; a dangerous experiment.

2. Creating danger; causing risk of evil; as a dangerous man; a dangerous conspiracy.

Dangerously

DANGEROUSLY, adverb With danger; with risk of evil; with exposure to injury or ruin; hazardously; perilously; as, to be dangerously sick; dangerously situated.

Dangerousness

DANGEROUSNESS, noun Danger; hazard; peril; a state of being exposed to evil; as the dangerousness of condition, or disease.

Dangle

DAN'GLE, verb intransitive [Danish dingler, to swing to and fro. Qu. dandle or Chaldee Syriac.]

1. To hang loose, flowing, shaking or waving; to hang and swing.

He'd rather on a gibbet dangle.

Hudibras.

2. To hang on any one; to be a humble, officious follower; with after or about; as, to dangle about a woman; to dangle after a minister for favors.

Dangler

DAN'GLER, noun One who dangles or hangs about.

Dangling

DAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Hanging loosely; busily or officiously adhering to.

Danish

DA'NISH, adjective Belonging to the Danes or Denmark.

Danish

DA'NISH, noun The language of the Danes.

Dank

DANK, adjective [Qu. German tunken, to dip.] Damp; moist; humid; wet.

Dank

DANK, noun Moisture; humidity.

Milton. Shak.

Dankish

DANK'ISH, adjective Somewhat damp.

Dankishness

DANK'ISHNESS, noun Dampness; humidity.

Daourite

DA'OURITE, noun A mineral, called rubellite, resembling shorl, but differing from it in chimical characters. Its color is red of various shades.

Cleaveland.

Dap

DAP, verb intransitive [Gothic daupyan, to dip.] To drop or let fall into the water; a word used by anglers.

Walton.

Daphnate

DAPH'NATE, noun A compound of the bitter principle of the Daphne Alpina with a base.

Daphnin

DAPH'NIN, noun The bitter principle of the Daphne Alpina, discovered by Vauquelin. It is obtained in small crystals, hard, transparent, of a grayish color and a bitter taste.

Dapifer

DAP'IFER, noun [Latin dapes, feast, and fero, to bear.]

One who brings meat to the table. Formerly, the title or office of the grand-master of a king's household. It still subsists in Germany.

Encyc.

Dapper

DAP'PER, adjective [Dutch dapper, brave, valiant;

Swedish and Danish tapper; German tapfer. See Class Db. No. 13. 28.]

Active; nimble; brisk; or little and active; neat; tight; as a dapper fellow; a dapper spark.

L'Estrange.

Dapperling

DAP'PERLING, noun A dwarf; a dandiprat.

Dapple

DAP'PLE, adjective [most probably allied to tabby, and from dipping, or to Welsh davna, to drop. The word signifies spotted, and spots are often from dropping or sprinkling.]

Marked with spots; spotted; variegated with spots of different colors or shades of color, as a dapple-bay or dapple-gray; applied to a horse or other beast. It may sometimes express streaked, but this is not its true signification.

Dapple

DAP'PLE, verb transitive To spot; to variegate with spots.

The gentle day Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray.

Shak.

The dappled pink, and blushing rose.

Prior.

Dappled

DAP'PLED, participle passive Spotted; variegated with spots of different colors or shades of color.

Dappling

DAP'PLING, participle of the present tense Variegating with spots.

Dar

DAR, or DART, noun A fish found in the Severn.

Bailey.

Dare

DARE, verb intransitive pret. durst. [Saxon dearran, durran; Dutch darren, durven; German dÃƒ-¼rfen; Swedish dierf, bold; dierfvas, to dare, and t?ras, to dare; Danish tÃƒ-¶r, to dare, and tÃƒ-¶r, dry, torrid, Latin torroo; Danish tÃƒ-¶rhed, dryness, barrenness; tÃƒ-¶rstig, thirsty. The German dÃƒ-¼rfen, compounded, bedÃƒ-¼rfen, signifies, to want, to need, to lack, and this in Dutch is derven. The Swedish dÃƒ-¥re, rash, mad, sottish, dÃƒ-¥ra, to infatuate, Danish daarer, may be of the same family. The Greek, and Russian derzayu, to dare, are evidently the same word. Arabic to be bold, audacious; to be angry, or averse; to be terrified, to flee. So in Swedish darra, to tremble. The sense of boldness, daring, is sometimes from the sense of advancing; but some of the senses of these words indicate the sense of receding.]

To have courage for any purpose; to have strength of mind or hardihood to undertake any thing; to be bold enough; not to be afraid; to venture; to be adventurous.

I dare do all that may become a man.

Shak.

Dare any of you go to law before the unjust? 1 Corinthians 6.

None of his disciples durst ask him, who art thou. John 21.

In this intransitive sense, dare is not generally followed by the sign to before another verb in the infinitive; though to may be used with propriety. In German, the verb is numbered among the auxiliaries. In the transitive form, it is regular: thus,

Dare

DARE, verb transitive pret. and pp. dared. To challenge; to provoke; to defy; as, to dare a man to fight.

Time, I dare thee to discover Such a youth, and such a lover.

Dryden.

To dare larks, to catch them by means of a looking glass, or by keeping a bird of prey hovering aloft, which keeps them in amaze till caught; to terrify or amaze.

Johnson. Dryden.

Dare

DARE, noun Defiance; challenge. [Not used.]

Shak.

Dare

DARE, noun A small fish, the same as the dace.

Encyc. Johnson.

Dared

DA'RED, participle passive Challenged; defied.

Dareful

DA'REFUL, adjective Full of defiance. [Not used.]

Shak.

Darer

DA'RER, noun One who dares or defies.

Daric

DAR'IC, noun A gold coin of Darius the Mede, value about 556 cents.

Daring

DA'RING, participle of the present tense Having courage sufficient for a purpose; challenging; defying.

2. adjective Bold; courageous; intrepid; fearless; adventurous; brave; stout.

Grieve not, O daring prince, that noble heart.

Pope.

3. Audacious; impudently bold and defying; as in heaven-daring, defying Almighty power.

Daringly

DA'RINGLY, adverb Boldly; courageously; fearlessly; impudently.

The principles of our holy religion are daringly attacked from the press.

Anon.

Daringness

DA'RINGNESS, noun Boldness; courageousness; audaciousness.

Dark

D'ARK, adjective [Saxon deorc; Irish dorcha; Pers. tirah, dark; tarik, dark, darkness. See Class Dr. No. 15.]

1. Destitute of light; obscure. A dark atmosphere is one which prevents vision.

2. Wholly or partially black; having the quality opposite to white; as a dark color or substance.

3. Gloomy; disheartening; having unfavorable prospects; as a dark time in political affairs.

There is in every true woman's heart a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity.

Irving.

4. Obscure; not easily understood or explained; as a dark passage in an author; a dark saying.

5. Mysterious; as, the ways of Providence are often dark to human reason.

6. Not enlightened with knowledge; destitute of learning and science; rude; ignorant; as a dark age.

7. Not vivid; partially black. Leviticus 13.

8. Blind. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

9. Gloomy; not cheerful; as a dark temper.

Addison.

10. Obscure; concealed; secret; not understood; as a dark design.

11. Unclean; foul.

Milton.

12. Opake. But dark and opake are not synonymous. Chalk is opake, but not dark.

13. Keeping designs concealed.

The dark unrelenting Tiberius.

Gibbon.

Dark

D'ARK, noun [Sanscrit tareki.] Darkness; obscurity; the absence of light. We say, we can hear in the dark.

Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? Psalm 88.

2. Obscurity; secrecy; a state unknown; as, things done in the dark.

3. Obscurity; a state of ignorance; as, we are all in the dark.

Dark

D`ARK, verb transitive To darken; to obscure.

Obs.

Dark-Browed

D`ARK-BROWED, adjective Stern of aspect; frowning; as dark-browed Hotspur.

Percy's Masque.

Darken

D`ARKEN, v. t. dÃƒ- rkn. [Saxon adeorcian.]

1. To make dark; to deprive of light; as, close the shutters and darken the room.

2. To obscure; to cloud.

His confidence seldom darkened his foresight.

Bacon.

3. To make black.

The locusts darkened the land. Exodus 10.

4. To make dim; to deprive of vision.

Let their eyes be darkened. Romans 11.

5. To render gloomy; as, all joy is darkened. Isaiah 24.

6. To deprive of intellectual vision; to render ignorant or stupid.

Their foolish heart was darkened. Romans 1.

Having the understanding darkened. Ephesians 4.

7. To obscure; to perplex; to render less clear or intelligible.

Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Job 38.

8. To render less white or clear; to tan; as, a burning sun darkens the complexion.

9. To sully; to make foul.

Tillotson.

Darken

D`ARKEN, verb intransitive To grow dark or darker; also, to grow less white or clear.

Darkened

D`ARKENED, participle passive Deprived of light; obscured; rendered dim; made black; made ignorant.

Darkening

D`ARKENING, participle of the present tense Depriving of light; obscuring; making black or less white or clear; clouding.

Dark-House

D`ARK-HOUSE, noun An old word for a mad-house.

Shak.

Darkish

D`ARKISH, adjective Dusky; somewhat dark.

Darkling

D`ARKLING, adjective Being in the dark, or without light; a poetical word.

Milton. Shak.

Darkly

D`ARKLY, adverb Obscurely; dimly; blindly; uncertainly; with imperfect light, clearness or knowledge.

They learn only what tradition has darkly conveyed to them.

Anon.

Darkness

D'ARKNESS, noun Absence of light.

And darkness was on the face of the deep. Genesis 1.

2. Obscurity; want of clearness or perspicuity; that quality or state which renders any thing difficult to be understood; as the darkness of counsels.

3. A state of being intellectually clouded; ignorance.

Men loved darkness rather than light. John 3.

4. A private place; secrecy; privacy.

What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light. Matthew 10.

5. Infernal gloom; hell; as utter darkness. Matthew 22.

6. Great trouble and distress; calamities; perplexities.

A day of clouds and thick darkness. Joel 2. Isaiah 8.

7. Empire of Satan.

Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness. Colossians 1.

8. Opakeness.

Land of darkness, the grave. Job 10.

Darksome

D`ARKSOME, adjective Dark; gloomy; obscure; as a darksome house; a darksome cloud.

Milton. Dryden.

Dark-Working

D`ARK-WORKING, adjective Working in darkness or in secrecy.

Shak.

Darling

D`ARLING, adjective [Saxon deorling; deor, dear, and ling, which primarily denotes likeness, and in some words, is a diminutive. So in German liebling, loveling, Dutch lieveling. See Dear.]

Dearly beloved; favorite; regarded with great kindness and tenderness; as a darling child; a darling science.

Watts.

Darling

D`ARLING, noun One much beloved; a favorite; as, that son was the darling of his father.

Darn

D`ARN, verb transitive [Welsh darn; Armoric darn; French darne; a piece or patch.]

To mend a rent or hole, by imitating the texture of the cloth or stuff with yarn or thread and a needle; to sew together with yarn or thread. It is used particularly of stockings.

Gay. Swift.

Darn

D`ARN, noun A place mended by darning.

Darnel

D`ARNEL, noun A plant of the genus Lolium, a kind of grass; the most remarkable species are the red darnel or rye-grass, and the white darnel.

Darner

D`ARNER, noun One who mends by darning.

Darning

D`ARNING, participle of the present tense Mending in imitation of the original texture; sewing together; as a torn stocking, or cloth.

Darning

D`ARNING, noun The act of mending, as a hole in a garment.

Darrain

DAR'RAIN, verb transitive [Norm. dareigner, derener, dereigner, deraigner, to prove, to testify, to clear himself, to institute; noun, darrein, or derene, or d'reigne, proof; also, derreiner, to endeavor. In Chaucer, the word is interpreted to contest.

But for thou art a worthy gentil knight,

And wilnest to darraine hire by bataille.

The word is probably compound. But neither the origin nor the signification is obvious.]

To prepare, or to order; or to try; to endeavor; to prove; to apply to the contest. Obs.

Carew. Spenser. Shak.

Dart

D`ART, noun [French dard; Armoric dared or dard; Italian Spanish Portugese dardo; Russian drot. In Swedish dart is a dagger. The word is from some verb signifying to throw or thrust. In Greek is a spear or lance.]

1. A pointed missile weapon to be thrown by the hand; a short lance.

Dryden.

2. Any missile weapon; that which pierces and wounds.

And from about her shot darts of desire.

Dart

D`ART, verb transitive To throw a pointed instrument with a sudden thrust; as, to dart a javelin.

Dryden.

2. To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send; to emit; to shoot; applied to small objects, which pass with velocity; as, the sun darts his beams on the earth.

Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart.

Pope.

Dart

D`ART, verb intransitive To fly or shoot, as a dart; to fly rapidly.

2. To spring and run with velocity; to start suddenly and run; as, the deer darted from the thicket.

Darted

D`ARTED, participle passive Thrown or hurled as a pointed instrument; sent with velocity.

Darter

D`ARTER, noun One who throws a dart.

Darting

D`ARTING, participle of the present tense Throwing, as a dart; hurling darts; flying rapidly.

Dash

DASH, verb transitive [In Danish dask signifies a blow; in Swedish daska, to strike; in Scot. dusch, to rusb. In Persic is an assault on an enemy. See Class Ds. No. 3. 4. 5. 14. 22. 30. 31. 40.]

1. To strike suddenly or violently, whether throwing or falling; as, to dash one stone against another.

Bacon.

Lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. Matthew 4.

2. To strike and bruise or break; to break by collision; but usually with the words, in pieces.

Thou shalt dash them in pieces, as a potter's vessel. Psalm 2.

3. To throw water suddenly, in separate portious; as, to dash water on the head.

4. To bespatter; to sprinkle; as, to dash a garment.

Shak.

5. To strike and break or disperse.

At once the brushing oars and brazen prow

Dash up the sandy waves, and ope the depth below.

Dryden.

6. To mix and reduce or adulterate by throwing in another subtance; as, to dash wine with water; the story is dashed with fables.

7. To form or sketch out in haste, carelessly. [Unusual.]

Pope.

8. To erase at a stroke; to strike out; to blot out or obliterate; as, to dash out a line or word.

Pope.

9. To break; to destroy; to frustrate; as, to dash all their schemes and hopes.

10. To confound; to confuse; to put to shame; to abash; to depress by shame or fear; as, he was dashed at the appearance of the judge.

Dash the proud gamester in his gilded car.

Pope.

Dash

DASH, verb intransitive To strike, break, scatter and fly off; as, agitate water and it will dash over the sides of a vessel; the waves dashed over the side of the ship.

2. To rush, strike and break or scatter; as, the waters dash down the precipice.

3. To rush with violence, and break through; as, he dashed into the enemy's ranks; or he dashed through thick and thin.

Dash

DASH, noun Collision; a violent striking of two bodies; as the dash of clouds.

Thomson.

2. Infusion; admixture; something thrown into another substance; as, the wine has a dash of water.

Innocence, with a dash of folly.

Addison.

3. Admixture; as, red with a dash of purple.

4. A rushing, or onset with violence; as, to make a dash upon the enemy.

5. A sudden stroke; a blow; an act.

She takes upon her bravely at first dash.

Shak.

6. A flourish; blustering parade; as, the young fop made a dash. [Vulgar.]

7. A mark or line in writing or printing, noting a break or stop in the sentence; as in Virgil, quos egoÃ‚--: or a pause; or the division of the sentence.

Dashed

DASH'ED, participle passive Struck violently; driven against; bruised, broken or scattered by collision; besprinkled; mixed or adulterated; erased, blotted out; broken; cast down; confounded; abashed.

Dashing

DASH'ING, participle of the present tense Driving and striking against; striking suddenly or violently; breaking or scattering by collision; infusing; mixing; confounding; blotting out; rushing.

2. adjective Rushing; driving; blustering; as a dashing fellow.

3. adjective Precipitate; rushing carelessly on.

Burke.

Dastard

DAS'TARD, noun [In Saxon adastrigan is to frighten, to deter.]

A coward; a poltroon; one who meanly shrinks from danger.

Dryden.

Dastard

DAS'TARD, adjective Cowardly; meanly shrinking from danger.

Curse on their dastard souls.

Addison.

Dastard

DAS'TARD, verb transitive To make cowardly; to intimidate; to dispirit.

Dryden.

Dastardize

DAS'TARDIZE, verb transitive To make cowardly.

Howell.

Dastardliness

DAS'TARDLINESS, noun [from dastardly.] Cowardliness.

Barrett.

Dastardly

DAS'TARDLY, adjective Cowardly; meanly timid; base; sneaking.

Herbert.

Dastardness

DAS'TARDNESS, noun Cowardliness; mean timorousness.

Dastardy

DAS'TARDY, noun Cowardliness; base timidity.

Data

DA'TA, n. plu. [Latin data, given.] Things given, or admitted; quantities, principles or facts given, known, or admitted, by which to find things or results unknown.

Datary

DA'TARY, noun An officer of the chancery of Rome, who affixes the datum Romoe to the pope's bulls.

2. The employment of a datary.

Date

DATE, noun [French date; Italian Spanish data; Latin datum, given, from do, to give, Sanscrit da, datu.]

1. That addition to a writing which specifies the year, month and day when it was given or executed. In letters, it notes the time when they are written or sent; in deeds, contracts, wills and other papers, it specifies the time of execution, and usually the time from which they are to take effect and operate on the rights of persons. To the date is usually added the name of the place where a writing is executed, and this is sometimes included in the term date.

2. The time when any event happened, when any thing was transacted, or when any thing is to be done; as the date of a battle; the date of Cesar's arrival in Britain.

3. End; conclusion. [Unusual.]

What time would spare, from steel receives its date.

Pope.

4. Duration; continuance; as, ages of endless date.

Milton.

Date

DATE, verb transitive To write or note the time when a letter is written, or a writing executed; to express, in an instrument, the year, month and day of its execution, and usually the place; as, to date a letter, a bond, a deed, or a charter.

2. To note or fix the time of an event or transaction. Historians date the fulfillment of a prophecy at different periods.

3. To note the time when something begins; as, to date a disease or calamity from a certain cause.

Date

DATE, verb intransitive To reckon.

2. To begin; to have origin.

The Batavian republic dates from the successes of the French arms.

E. Everett.

Date

DATE, noun [French datle, for dacte; Italian dattero; Spanish datil; Latin dactylus; Greek.]

The fruit of the great palm-tree, or date-tree, the Phoenix dactylifera. This fruit is somewhat in the shape of an acorn, composed of a thin light glossy membrane, somewhat pellucid and yellowish, containing a soft pulpy fruit, firm and sweet, esculent and wholesome, and in this is inclosed a hard kernel.

Encyc.

Date-Tree

DA'TE-TREE, noun The tree that bears dates; the great palm-tree.

Dated

DA'TED, participle passive Having the time of writing or execution specified; having the time of happening noted.

Dateless

DA'TELESS, adjective Having no date; having no fixed term.

Shak.

Dater

DA'TER, noun One that dates.

Dating

DA'TING, participle of the present tense Expressing the time of writing or of executing a paper or instrument; noting the time of happening, or originating.

Dative

DA'TIVE, adjective [Latin dativus, from do, to give.] In grammar, the epithet of the case of nouns, which usually follows verbs that express giving, or some act directed to an object. Thus, datur tibi, it is given to you; missum est illi, it was sent to him; fecit mihi, he made or did to or for me; loquebatur illis, he spoke to them. It also follows other words expressing something to be given to a person or for his benefit; as, utilis vobis, useful to you. In English, this relation is expressed by to or for.

Dative Executor, in law, one appointed by the judge of probate; an administrator.

Datolite

DAT'OLITE, or DATH'OLITE, noun The siliceous borate of lime, a mineral of two subspecies, the common and the botryoidal. The common is of a white color, of various shades, and greenish gray. It occurs in granular distinct concretions, and crystalized. The botryoidal occurs in mammillary concretions, or in botryoidal masses, white and earthy. It is named from its want of transparency.

Ure. Phillips.

Datum

DA'TUM, noun [Latin] Something given or admitted. [See Data.]

Datura

DATU'RA, noun A vegeto-alkali obtained from Datura stramonium.

Daub

DAUB, verb transitive [Welsh dwbiaw, to daub; dwb, mortar; Irish dobhaimh, to daub; doib, plaster; allied probably to French dauber, to strike, that is, to throw or put on, and the root of this word probably occurs contracted in the Latin induo.]

1. To smear with soft adhesive matter; to plaster; to cover with mud, slime, or other soft substance.

She took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch. Exodus 2.

I will break down the wall ye have daubed with untempered mortar. Ezekiel 13.

2. To paint coarsely.

If a picture is daubed with many bright colors, the vulgar admire it.

Watts.

3. To cover with something gross or specious; to disguise with an artificial covering.

So smooth he daubed his vice with show of virtue.

Shak.

4. To lay or put on without taste; to deck awkwardly or ostentatiously, or to load with affected finery.

Let him be daubed with laceÃ‚--

Dryden.

5. To flatter grossly.

Conscience will not daub nor flatter.

South.

Daub

DAUB, verb intransitive To practice gross flattery; to play the hypocrite.

Shak.

Daubed

DAUB'ED, participle passive Smeared with soft adhesive matter; plastered; painted coarsely; disguised; loaded with ill chosen finery.

Dauber

DAUB'ER, noun One who daubs; a coarse painter; a low and gross flatterer.

Daubing

DAUB'ING, participle of the present tense Plastering; painting coarsely; disguising clumsily; decking ostentatiously; flattering grossly.

Daubing

DAUB'ING, noun Plastering; coarse painting; gross flattery.

Daubry

DAUB'RY, or DAUB'ERY, noun A daubing; any thing artful.

Shak.

Dauby

DAUB'Y, adjective Viscous; glutinous; slimy; adhesive.

Dryden.

Daughter

DAUGHTER, n. daw'ter. [Saxon dohter; Dutch dogter; German tochter; Swedish and Danish dotter; Greek; Gothic dauhtar; Russian doch; Pers. dochtar, a daughter; also docht, daughter, and a virgin; also, strength, power; Sanscrit dugida. The latter words coincide with the Saxon dugan, to avail, to be good; dugoth, strength, grace, Latin decus. See Decency.]

1. The female offspring of a man or woman; a female child of any age.

2. A daughter in law; a son's wife. Ruth 3.

3. A woman; plu. female inhabitants.

Dinah went out to see the daughters of the land. Genesis 34.

4. A female descendant; lineage of females. Luke 1.

5. The female penitent of a confessor.

Shak.

This word is used in scripture for the inhabitants of a city or country, male and female. Isaiah 16:2. Matthew 21. Also as a term of affection or kindness.

Daughter, be of good comfort. Matthew 9.

Daughterliness

DAUGH'TERLINESS, noun The state of a daughter.

More.

2. The conduct becoming a daughter.

Daughterly

DAUGH'TERLY, adjective Becoming a daughter; dutiful.

Cavendish.

Daunt

D`AUNT, verb transitive [In Scot. dant, danton, signify to subdue. In Danish daaner, Swedish dÃƒ-¥na, signifies to faint or swoon. Qu. Latin domito, French dompter, contracted.]

To repress or subdue courage; to intimidate; to dishearten; to check by fear of danger. It expresses less than fright and terrify.

Some presences daunt and discourage us.

Glanville.

Daunted

D`AUNTED, participle passive Checked by fear; intimidated.

Daunting

D`AUNTING, participle of the present tense Repressing courage; intimidating; disheartening.

Dauntless

D`AUNTLESS, adjective Bold; fearless; intrepid; not timid; not discouraged; as a dauntless hero; a dauntless spirit.

Dauntlessness

D`AUNTLESSNESS, noun Fearlessness; intrepidity.

Dauphin

DAU'PHIN, noun [French dauphin, a dolphin; Latin delphin, delphinus; Greek; Italian delfino; Spanish delfin.]

The eldest son of the king of France, and presumptive heir of the crown.

Dauphiness

DAU'PHINESS, noun The wife or lady of the dauphin.

Davina

DAVINA, noun A new Vesuvian mineral of a hexahedral form and laminar texture; so called in honor of Sir H. Davy.

Journ. of Science.

Davit

DAV'IT, noun A beam used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship; an operation called fishing the anchor.

Daw

DAW, noun A word that is found in the compound names of many species of birds; as the jackdaw; the blue daw; the purple daw.

Daw

DAW, verb intransitive To dawn. [Not in use. See Dawn.]

Dawdle

DAW'DLE, verb intransitive To waste time; to trifle. Obs.

Dawdler

DAW'DLER, noun A trifler. Obs.

Dawk

DAWK, noun A hollow, rupture or incision in timber. [Local.]

Moxon.

Dawk

DAWK, verb transitive To cut or mark with an incision.

[I know not that this word is used in America.]

Dawn

DAWN, verb intransitive [Saxon dagian; German tagen; Dutch daagen; Swedish dagas; from the root of day, which see. The primary sense is to shoot, as rays; hence, to open or expand, to shine. We observe in this word, the n of the Saxon infinitive is retained.]

1. To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; as, the day dawns; the morning dawns.

It began to dawn towards the first day of the week. Matthew 28.

2. To begin to open or expand; to begin to show intellectual light, or knowledge; as, the genius of the youth begins to dawn.

When life awakes and dawns at every line.

Pope.

3. To glimmer obscurely.

Locke.

4. To begin to open or appear.

Dryden.

Dawn

DAWN, noun The break of day; the first appearance of light, in the morning.

They arose about the dawn of the day. Joshua 6.

The word may express the whole time from the first appearance of light to sunrise.

2. First opening or expansion; first appearance of intellectual light; as the dawn of genius, intellect, or mental powers.

3. Beginning; rise; first appearance; as the dawn of time.

Shak.

4. A feeble or incipient light; first beams.

These tender circumstances diffuse a dawn of serenity over the soul.

Pope.

Dawning

DAWN'ING, participle of the present tense Growing light; first appearing luminous; opening; as the dawning day.

2. Opening; expanding; beginning to show intellectual light; beginning.

Dawning

DAWN'ING, noun The first appearance of light in the morning.

2. The first opening or appearance of the intellectual powers; beginning; as the first dawning of notions in the understanding.

Locke.

Day

DAY, noun [Saxon doeg, deg, dag; Gothic dags; Dutch dag; German tag; Swedish dag; Danish dag. See Dawn.]

1. That part of the time of the earth's revolution on its axis, in which its surface is presented to the sun; the part of the twenty four hours when it is light; or the space of time between the rising and setting of the sun; called the artificial day.

And God called the light day. Genesis 1.

2. The whole time or period of one revolution of the earth on its axis, or twenty four hours; called the natural day.

And the evening and the morning were the first day. Genesis 1.

In this sense, the day may commence at any period of the revolution. The Babylonians began the day at sun-rising; the Jews, at sun-setting; the Egyptians, at midnight, as do several nations in modern times, the British, French, Spanish, American, &c. This day, in reference to civil transactions, is called the civil day. Thus with us the day when a legal instrument is dated, begins and ends at midnight.

3. Light; sunshine.

Let us walk honestly as in the day. Romans 13.

4. Time specified; any period of time distinguished from other time; age; time, with reference to the existence of a person or thing.

He was a useful man in his day.

In the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Genesis 2.

In this sense, the plural is often used; as, from the days of the judges; in the days of our fathers. In this sense also, the word is often equivalent to life, or earthly existence.

5. The contest of a day; battle; or day of combat.

The day is his own.

He won the day, that is, he gained the victory.

6. An appointed or fixed time.

If my debtors do not keep their day.

Dryden.

7. Time of commemorating an event; anniversary; the same day of the month, in any future year. We celebrate the day of our Savior's birth.

Day by day, daily; every day; each day in succession; continually; without intermission of a day.

Day by day, we magnify thee.

Common Prayer.

But or only from day to day, without certainty of continuance; temporarily.

Shak.

To-day, adverb [Saxon to-doeg.] On the present day; this day; or at the present time.

Days of grace, in theology, the time when mercy is offered to sinners.

To-day, if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts. Psalm 95.

Days of grace, in law, are days granted by the court for delay, at the prayer of the plaintiff or defendant.

Encyc.

Three days, beyond the day named in the writ, in which the person summoned may appear and answer.

Blackstone.

Days of grace, in commerce, a customary number of days, in Great Britain and America, three, allowed for the payment of a note or bill of exchange, after it becomes due. A note due on the seventh of the month is payable on the tenth.

The days of grace are different in different countries. In France, they are ten; at Naples, eight; at Venice, Amsterdam and Antwerp, six; at Hamburg, twelve; in Spain, fourteen; in Genoa, thirty.

Encyc.

Days in bank, in England, days of appearance in the court of common bench.

Blackstone.

Daybed

DA'YBED, noun A bed used for idleness, in dulgence, or rest during the day.

Shak.

Daybook

DA'YBOOK, noun A journal of accounts; a book in which are recorded the debts and credits or accounts of the day.

Daybreak

DA'YBREAK, noun The dawn or first appearance of light in the morning.

Daycoal

DA'YCOAL, noun A name given by miners to the upper stratum of coal.

Encyc.

Daydream

DA'YDREAM, noun A vision to the waking senses.

Mason.

Dayflower

DA'YFLOWER, noun A genus of plants, the Commelina.

Muhlenberg.

Dayfly

DA'YFLY, noun A genus of insects that live one day only, or a very short time, called

Ephemera. The species are numerous, some of which live scarcely an hour, others, several days.

Encyc.

Daylabor

DA'YLABOR, noun Labor hired or performed by the day.

Daylaborer

DAYLABORER, noun One who works by the day.

Daylight

DAY'LIGHT, noun The light of the day; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or of a lamp or candle.

Day-Lily

DA'Y-LILY, noun The same with asphodel.

Johnson.

A species of Hemerocallis.

Bot.

Dayly

DA'YLY, adjective The more regular orthography of daily.

Daysman

DA'YSMAN, noun An umpire or arbiter; a mediator.

Neither is there any daysman betwixt us. Job 9.

Dayspring

DA'YSPRING, n, The dawn; the beginning of the day, or first appearance of light.

Whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us. Luke 1.

Daystar

DA'YSTAR, noun The morning star, Lucifer, Venus; the star which precedes the morning light.

Milton.

Daytime

DA'YTIME, noun The time of the sun's light on the earth; opposed to night.

Daywearied

DA'YWEARIED, adjective Wearied with the labor of the day.

Shak.

Daywork

DA'YWORK, noun Work by the day; daylabor.

Days-Work

DA'Y'S-WORK, noun The work of one day. Among seamen, the account or reckoning of a ship's course for 24 hours, from noon to noon.

Encyc.

Daze

DAZE, verb transitive [Qu. Saxon dwoes, dysi, dysig, dizzy. See Dazzle.]

To overpower with light; to dim or blind by too strong a light, or to render the sight unsteady. [Not now used, unless in poetry.]

Dryden.

Daze

DAZE, noun Among miners, a glittering stone.

Dazzle

DAZ'ZLE, verb transitive [In Saxon dwoes is dull, stupid, foolish; dwoescan, to extinguish; dysi or dysig, dizzy.]

1. To overpower with light; to hinder distinct vision by intense light; or to cause to shake; to render unsteady, as the sight. We say, the brightness of the sun dazzles the eyes or the sight.

2. To strike or surprise with a bright or intense light; to dim or blind by a glare of light, or by splendor, in a literal or figurative sense; as, to be dazzled by resplendent glory, or by a brilliant expression.

Dazzle

DA'ZZLE, verb intransitive To be overpowered by light; to shake or be unsteady; to waver, as the sight.

I dare not trust these eyes;

They dance in mists, and dazzle with surprise.

Dryden.

Dazzled

DAZ'ZLED, participle passive Made wavering, as the sight; overpowered or dimmed by a too strong light.

Dazzlement

DAZ'ZLEMENT, noun The act or power of dazzling. [Not used.]

Donne.

Dazzling

DAZ'ZLING, participle of the present tense Rendering unsteady or wavering, as the sight; overpowering by a strong light; striking with splendor.

Dazzlingly

DAZ'ZLINGLY, adverb In a dazzling manner.

De

DE, a Latin prefix, denotes a moving from, separation; as in debark, decline, decease, deduct, decamp. Hence it often expresses a negative; as in derange. Sometimes it augments the sense, as in deprave, despoil. It coincides nearly in sense with the French des and Latin dis.

Deacon

DE'ACON, n. de'kn. [Latin diaconus, from Greek, a minister or servant; by, and, to serve; French diacre; Armoric diagon; Italian Spanish diacono; Dutch diaken.]

A person in the lowest degree of holy orders. The office of deacon was instituted by the apostles, Acts 6, and seven persons were chosen at first, to serve at the feasts of christians and distribute bread and wine to the communicants, and to minister to the wants of the poor.

In the Romish Church, the office of the deacons is to incense the officiating priest; to lay the corporal on the altar; to receive the cup from the subdeacon and present it to the person officiating; to incense the choir; to receive the pax from the officiating prelate, and carry it to the subdeacon; and at the pontifical mass, to put the miter on the bishop's head.

Encyc.

In the church of England, the office of deacons is declared to be to assist the priest in administering the holy commmunion; and their office in presbyterian and independent churches is to distribute the bread and wine to the communicants. In the latter, they are elected by the members of the church.

2. In Scotland, an overseer of the poor, and the master of an incorporated company.

Deaconess

DE'ACONESS, n. de'kness. A female deacon in the primitive church.

Encyc.

Deaconry

DE'ACONRY, or DE'ACONSHIP, noun The office, dignity or ministry of a deacon or deaconess.

Encyc.

Dead

DEAD, a. ded. [Saxon dead, probably contracted from deged; Dutch dood; German todt; Swedish d?d; Danish dÃƒ-¶d. See Die.]

1. Deprived or destitute of life; that state of a being, animal or vegetable, in which the organs of motion and life have ceased to perform their functions, and have become incapable of performing them, or of being restored to a state of activity.

The men are dead who sought thy life. Exodus 4.

It is sometimes followed by of before the cause of death; as, dead of hunger, or of a fever.

2. Having never had life, or having been deprived of vital action before birth; as, the child was born dead.

3. Without life; inanimate.

All, all but truth, drops dead-born from the press.

Pope.

4. Without vegetable life; as a dead tree.

5. Imitating death; deep or sound; as a dead sleep.

6. Perfectly still; motionless as death; as a dead calm; a dead weight.

7. Empty; vacant; not enlivened by variety; as a dead void space; a dead plain.

Dryden.

We say also, a dead level, for a perfectly level surface.

8. Unemployed; useless; unprofitable. A man's faculties may lie dead, or his goods remain dead on his hands. So dead capital or stock is that which produces no profit.

9. Dull; inactive; as a dead sale of commodities.

10. Dull; gloomy; still; not enlivened; as a dead winter; a dead season.

Addison.

11. Still; deep; obscure; as the dead darkness of the night.

12. Dull; not lively; not resembling life; as the dead coloring of a piece; a dead eye.

13. Dull; heavy; as a dead sound.

Boyle.

14. Dull; frigid; lifeless; cold; not animated; not affecting; used of prayer.

Addison.

15. Tasteless; vapid; spiritless; used of liquors.

16. Uninhabited; as dead walls.

Arbuthnot.

17. Dull; without natural force or efficacy; not lively or brisk; as a dead fire.

18. In a state of spiritual death; void of grace; lying under the power of sin.

19. Impotent; unable to procreate. Romans 4.

20. Decayed in grace.

Thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead. Revelation 3.

21. Not proceeding from spiritual life; not producing good works; as, faith without works is dead. James 2.

22. Proceeding from corrupt nature, not from spiritual life or a gracious principle; as dead works. Hebrews 9:14.

23. In law, cut off from the rights of a citizen: deprived of the power of enjoying the rights of property; as one banished or becoming a monk is civilly dead.

Blackstone.

Dead language, a language which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people, and known only in writings; as the Hebrew, Greek and Latin.

Dead rising or rising line, the parts of a ship's floor or bottom throughout her length, where the floor timber is terminated on the lower futtock.

Mar. Dict.

Dead

DEAD, n. ded. The dead signifies dead men.

Ye shall not make cuttings for the dead. Leviticus 19.

2. The state of the dead; or death.

This is John the Baptist; he is risen from the dead. Matthew 14.

This may be understood thus, he is risen from among the dead.

Dead

DEAD, n. ded. The time when there is a remarkable stillness or gloom; depth; as in the midst of winter or of night. The dead of winter, the dead of night, are familiar expressions.

Dead

DEAD, v. i. ded. To lose life or force. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Dead

DEAD, v. t. ded. To deprive of life, force or vigor. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Dead-Doing

DEAD'-DOING, adjective Destructive; killing. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Dead-Drunk

DEAD-DRUNK, adjective So drunk as to be incaple of helping one's self.

Deaden

DEAD'EN, v. t. ded'n. [Dutch dooden; German tÃƒ-¶dten.]

1. To deprive of a portion of vigor, force or sensation; to abate vigor or action; as, to deaden the force of a ball; to deaden the natural powers or feelings.

2. To blunt; to render less susceptible or feeling; as, to deaden the senses.

3. To retard; to lessen velocity or motion; as, to deaden the motion of a ship or of the wind.

4. To diminish spirit; to make vapid or spiritless; as, to deaden wine or beer.

Dead-Eye

DEAD'-EYE, n. ded'-eye. [dead-man's eye.] Among seamen, a round flattish wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an iron band, and pierced with holes, to receive the laniard, used to extend the shrouds and stays, and for other purposes.

Dead-Hearted

DEAD'-HEARTED, adjective Having a dull, faint heart.

Hall.

Dead-Heartedness

DEAD-HEARTEDNESS, noun Pusillanimity.

Dead-Lift

DEAD'-LIFT, noun A heavy weight; a hopeless exigency.

Hudibras.

Dead-Light

DEAD'-LIGHT, n. ded'-light. A strong wooden port, made to suit a cabin window, in which it is fixed, to prevent the water from entering a ship in a storm.

Deadlihood

DEAD'LIHOOD, noun The state of the dead.

Pearson.

Deadliness

DEAD'LINESS, n. ded'liness. The quality of being deadly.

Deadly

DEAD'LY, a. ded'ly. That may occasion death; mortal; fatal; destructive; as a deadly blow or wound.

2. Mortal; implacable; aiming to kill or destroy; as a deadly enemy; deadly malice; a deadly feud.

Deadly

DEAD'LY, adv. ded'ly. In a manner resembling death; as deadly pale or wan.

Shak.

2. Mortally.

With groanings of a deadly wounded man. Ezekiel 30.

3. Implacably; destructively.

4. In a vulgar or ludicrous sense, very; extremely; as a deadly cunning man.

Arbuthnot.

Deadly-Carrot

DEADLY-CARROT, noun A plant of the genus Thapsia.

Deadly-Nightshade

DEADLY-NIGHTSHADE, noun A plant of the genus Atropa.

Deadness

DEAD'NESS, n. ded'ness. Want of natural life or vital power, in an animal or plant; as the deadness of a limb, of a body, or of a tree.

2. Want of animation; dullness; languor; as the deadness of the eye.

3. Want of warmth or ardor; coldness; frigidity; as the deadness of the affections.

3. Vapidness; want of spirit; as the deadness of liquors.

4. State of being incapable of conception, according to the ordinary laws of nature. Romans 4:19.

5. Indifference; mortification of the natural desires; alienation of heart from temporal pleasures; as deadness to the world.

Deadnettle

DEAD'NETTLE, noun A plant of the genus Lamium, and another of the genus Galeopsis.

Deadpledge

DEAD'PLEDGE, noun A mortgage or pawning of things, or thing pawned.

Bailey.

Dead-Reckoning

DEAD-RECKONING, noun In navigation, the judgment or estimation of the place of a ship, without any observation of the heavenly bodies; or an account of the distance she has run by the log, and of the course steered by the compass, and this rectified by due allowances for drift, lee-way, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Deadstruck

DEAD'STRUCK, adjective Confounded; struck with horror.

Hall.

Deadwater

DEAD'WATER, noun The eddy water closing in with a ship's stern, as she passes through the water.

Deadwood

DEAD'WOOD, noun Blocks of timber laid on the keel of a ship, particularly at the extremities.

Deadworks

DEAD'WORKS, noun The parts of a ship which are above the surface of the water, when she is balanced for a voyage.

Mar. Dict.

Deaf

DEAF, n. deef. [Saxon deaf; Icelandic dauf; Dutch doof; German taub; Danish dÃƒ-¶v; Swedish d?f; Dutch dooven, to quench or stifle; Danish dÃƒ-¶ver, to deafen; coinciding with Chaldee, to extinguish, Latin stipo, French etouffer, to stuff. Hence we say, thick of hearing. The true English pronunciation of this word is deef, as appears from the poetry of Chaucer, who uniformly makes it rhyme with leaf; and this proof is confirmed by poetry in the works of Sir Welsh Temple. Such was the pronunciation which our ancestors brought from England. The word is in analogy with leaf, sheaf, and the long sound of the vowels naturally precedes the semi-vowel f. Def, from the Danish and Swedish pronunciation, is an anomaly in English of a singular kind, there being not another word like it in the language. See Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Prologue.]

1. Not perceiving sounds; not receiving impressions from sonorous bodies through the air; as a deaf ear.

2. Wanting the sense of hearing; having organs which do not perceive sounds; as a deaf man. It is followed by to before that which ought to be heard; as deaf to the voice of the orator.

3. In a metaphorical sense, not listening; not regarding; not moved, persuaded or convinced; rejecting; as deaf to reason or arguments. Men are deaf to the calls of the gospel.

4. Without the ability or will to regard spiritual things; unconcerned; as, hear, ye deaf. Isaiah 42.

5. Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened; as deaf with clamor.

6. Stifled; imperfect; obscurely heard; as a deaf noise or murmur.

Dryden.

Deaf

DEAF, verb transitive to deafen, is used by Dryden, but is obsolete, unless perhaps in poetry.

Deafen

DE'AFEN, v. t. dee'fn. To make deaf; to deprive of the power of hearing; to impair the organs of hearing, so as to render them unimpressible to sounds.

2. To stun; to render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly; as deafened with clamor or tumult.

Deafly

DE'AFLY, adv. dee'fly. Without sense of sounds; obscurely heard.

Deafness

DE'AFNESS, n. dee'fness. Incapacity of perceiving sounds; the state of the organs which prevents the impressions which constitute hearing; as the deafness of the ears: hence, applied to persons, want of the sense of hearing.

2. Unwillingness to hear and regard; voluntary rejection of what is addressed to the ear and to the understanding.

King Charles.

Deal

DEAL, verb transitive pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt. [Saxon doelan, bedoelan, gedoelan; Gothic dailyan; Swedish dela; Danish deeler; German theilen; Dutch deelen, bedeelen; Russian delyu; Welsh dydoli, to separate; dy and tawl, separation, a throwing off, tawlu, to throw off, to separate; Irish and Gael. dailim, to give; dail, a part, dole; Hebrew and Chaldee to separate, or divide; Arabic badala, to exchange, or give in exchange; badhala, to give, to yield. [Qu. Welsh gozoli, to endow.] There is a remarkable coincidence between the Shemitic word and the Saxon and Dutch, bedoelan, bedeelen. The Welsh tawlu gives the true original sense.] To divide; to part; to separate; hence, to divide in portions; to distribute; often followed by out.

Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry? Isaiah 58.

And Rome deals out her blessings and her gold.

Tickel.

2. To scatter; to throw about; as, to deal out feathered deaths.

Dryden.

3. To throw out in succession; to give one after another; as, to deal out blows.

4. To distribute the cards of a pack to the players.

Deal

DEAL, verb intransitive To traffick; to trade; to negotiate.

They buy and sell, they deal and traffick.

South.

2. To act between man and man; to intervene; to transact or negotiate between men.

He that deals between man and man, raiseth his own credit with both.

Bacon.

3. To behave well or ill; to act; to conduct one's self in relation to others.

Thou shalt not steal, nor deal falsely, nor lie. Leviticus 19.

4. To distribute cards.

To deal by, to treat, either well or ill; as, to deal well by domestics.

Such an one deals not fairly by his own mind.

Locke.

To deal in, to have to do with; to be engaged in; to practice.

They deal in political matters; they deal in low humor.

2. To trade in; as, to deal in silks, or in cutlery.

To deal with, to treat in any manner; to use well or ill.

Now will we deal worse with thee. Genesis 19.

ReturnÃ‚--and I will deal well with thee. Genesis 32.

2. To contend with; to treat with, by way of opposition, check or correction; as, he has turbulent passions to deal with.

3. To treat with by way of discipline, in ecclesiastical affairs; to admonish.

Deal

DEAL, noun [Saxon doel, dal, gedal; Irish dal; Dutch deel; German theil; Danish deel; Swedish del; Russian dolia. See the Verb.]

1. Literally, a division; a part or portion; hence, an indefinite quantity, degree or extent; as a deal of time and trouble; a deal of cold; a deal of space. Formerly it was limited by some, as some deal; but this is now obsolete or vulgar. In general, we now qualify the word with great, as a great deal of labor; a great deal of time and pains; a great deal of land. In the phrases, it is a great deal better or worse, the words, great deal, serve as modifiers of the sense of better and worse. The true construction is, it is, by a great deal, better; it is better by a great deal, that is, by a great part or difference.

2. The division or distribution of cards; the art or practice of dealing cards.

The deal, the shuffle, and the cut.

Swift.

3. The division of a piece of timber made by sawing; a board or plank; a sense much more used in England than in the U. States.

Dealbate

DEAL'BATE, verb transitive [Latin dealbo; de and albus, white.] To whiten. [Little used.]

Dealbation

DEALBA'TION, noun The act of bleaching; a whitening.

Dealer

DE'ALER, noun One who deals; one who has to do with any thing, or has concern with; as a dealer in wit and learning.

Swift.

2. A trader; a trafficker; a shopkeeper; a broker; a merchant; a word of very extensive use; as a dealer in dry goods; a dealer in hardware; a dealer in stocks; a dealer in leather; a dealer in lumber; a dealer in linens or woolens; a small dealer in groceries; a money-dealer.

3. One who distributes cards to the players.

Dealing

DE'ALING, participle of the present tense Dividing; distributing; throwing out.

2. Trading; trafficking; negotiating.

3. Treating; behaving.

Dealing

DE'ALING, noun Practice; action; conduct; behavior; as, observe the dealings of the men who administer the government. But it is now more generally used of the actions of men in private life.

2. Conduct in relation to others; treatment; as the dealings of a father with his children. God's dealings with men are the dispensations of his providence, or moral government.

3. Intercourse in buying and selling; traffick; business; negotiation. American merchants have extensive dealings with the merchants of Liverpool.

4. Intercourse of business or friendship; concern.

The Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans. John 4.

Deambulate

DEAM'BULATE, verb intransitive [Latin deambulo.] To walk abroad. [Not used.]

Deambulation

DEAMBULA'TION, noun The act of walking abroad.

Elyot.

Deambulatory

DEAM'BULATORY, adjective Pertaining to walks.

Deambulatory

DEAM'BULATORY, noun A place to walk in.

Dean

DEAN, noun [French doyen, the eldest of a corporation; Armoric dean; Spanish dean, decano; Port, deam, decano; Italian decano; from Latin decanus, the leader of a file ten deep, the head of a college, from decem, Greek, Welsh deg, ten; so named because originally he was set over ten canons or prebendaries. Ayliffe.]

1. In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary in cathedral and collegiate churches, and the head of a chapter; the second dignitary of a diocese. Ancient deans are elected by the chapter in virtue of a conge d'elire from the king and letters missive of recommendation; but in the chapters founded by Henry VIII., out of the spoils of dissolved monasteries, the deanery is donative, and the installation merely by the king's letters patent.

Encyc.

2. An officer in each college of the universities in England.

Warton.

3. In the U. States, an officer in a medical school.

Deanery

DE'ANERY, noun The office or the revenue of a dean.

Clarendon. Swift.

2. The house of a dean.

Shak.

3. The jurisdiction of a dean.

Each archdeaconry is divided into rural deaneries, and each deanery is divided into parishes.

Blackstone.

Rural dean, or arch-presbyter, had originally jurisdiction over ten churches; but afterwards he became only the bishop's substitute, to grant letters of administration. probate of wills, &c. His office is now lost in that of the archdeacon and chancellor.

Encyc.

Dean of a Monastery, a superior established under the abbot, to ease him in taking care of ten monks. Hence his name.

Encyc.

Dean and Chapter, are the bishop's council, to aid him with their advice in affairs of religion, and in the temporal concerns of his see.

Encyc.

Deanship

DEAN'SHIP, noun The office of a dean.

Dear

DEAR, adjective [Saxon deor; German theuer, dear, rare; theure or theurung, dearness, scarcity, dearth; Dutch duur, dear; duurte, dearth; Swedish dyr, dear; dyrhet, dearth; Danish dyre, dyrtid, id. It seems that the primary sense is scarce, rare, or close, narrow; this is obvious from dearth. So in Latin carus, caritas.] Class Dr. No. 7. 8. 19. and Class Sr. No. 4. 34. 47.]

1. Scarce; not plentiful. Obs.

Shak.

2. Bearing a high price in comparison of the usual price; more costly than usual; of a higher price than the customary one. Wheat is dear at a dollar a bushel, when the usual price is seventy five cents. This sense results from the former, as dearness is the effect of scarcity and demand.

3. Of a high value in estimation; greatly valued; beloved; precious.

And the last joy was dearer than the rest.

Pope.

Be ye followers of God, as dear children. Ephesians 5.

Dear

DEAR, adjective [Saxon derian, to hurt; Scot. dere or deir, to annoy, and dere, to fear.]

Hurtful; grievous; hateful. Obs.

Shak.

Dear

DEAR, verb transitive To make dear. [Not used.]

Shelton.

Dear

DEAR, noun A darling; a word denoting tender affection or endearment; as, my dear.

Dearbought

DE'ARBOUGHT, adjective [See Bought.] Purchased at a high price; as dearbought experience; dearbought blessings.

Dearling

DE'ARLING. [See Darling.]

Dearloved

DE'ARLOVED, adjective Greatly beloved.

Shak.

Dearly

DE'ARLY, adverb At a high price; as, he pays dearly for his rashness.

2. With great fondness; as, we love our children dearly; dearly beloved.

Dearn

DEARN, adjective [Saxon deorn.] Lonely; solitary; melancholy. Obs.

Shak.

Dearness

DE'ARNESS, noun Scarcity; high price, or a higher price than the customary one; as the dearness of corn.

2. Fondness; nearness to the heart or affections; great value in estimation; preciousness; tender love; as the dearness of friendship.

Dearnly

DEARNLY, adverb Secretly; privately. Obs. [See Dernly.]

Dearth

DEARTH, n. derth. [See Dear.] Scarcity; as a dearth of corn.

2. Want; need; famine.

Shak.

3. Barrenness; sterility; as a dearth of plot.

Dryden.

Dearticulate

DEARTIC'ULATE, verb transitive To disjoint. [Not used.]

Death

DEATH, n. deth. [Saxon death; Dutch dood; German tod; Swedish d?d; Danish dÃƒ-¶d. See Die and Dead.]

1. That state of a being, animal or vegetable, but more particularly of an animal, in which there is a total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions, when the organs have not only ceased to act, but have lost the susceptibility of renewed action. Thus the cessation of respiration and circulation in an animal may not be death, for during hybernation some animals become entirely torpid, and some animals and vegetables may be subjected to a fixed state by frost, but being capable of revived activity, they are not dead.

2. The state of the dead; as the gates of death. Job 38.

3. The manner of dying.

Thou shalt die the deaths of them that are slain in the midst of the seas. Ezekiel 28.

Let me die the death of the righteous. Numbers 23.

4. The image of mortality represented by a skeleton; as a death's head.

Shak.

5. Murder; as a man of death.

Bacon.

6. Cause of death.

O thou man of God, there is death in the pot. 2 Kings 4.

We say, he caught his death.

7. Destroyer or agent of death; as, he will be the death of his poor father.

8. In poetry, the means or instrument of death; as an arrow is called the feathered death; a ball, a leaden death.

Deaths invisible come winged with fire.

Dryden.

9. In theology, perpetual separation from God, and eternal torments; called the second death. Revelation 2.

10. Separation or alienation of the soul from God; a being under the dominion of sin, and destitute of grace or divine life; called spiritual death.

We know that we have passed from death to life, because we love the brethren. 1 John 3. Luke 1.

Civil death, is the separation of a man from civil society, or from the enjoyment of civil rights; as by banishment, abjuration of the realm, entering into a monastery, &c.

Blackstone.

Death-Bed

DEATH'-BED, n. deth'-bed. The bed on which a person dies or is confined in his last sickness.

Death-Boding

DEATH'-BODING, adjective Portending death.

Shak.

Death-Darting

DEATH'-DARTING, adjective Darting or inflicting death.

Shak.

Deaths-Door

DEATH'S-DOOR, noun A near approach to death; the gates of death.

Taylor.

Deathful

DEATH'FUL, adjective Full of slaughter; murderous; destructive.

These eyes behold

The deathful scene.

Pope.

Deathfulness

DEATH'FULNESS, noun Appearance of death.

Taylor.

Deathless

DEATH'LESS, adjective Immortal; not subject to death, destruction or extinction; as deathless beings; deathless fame.

Deathlike

DEATH'LIKE, adjective Resembling death; gloomy; still; calm; quiet; peaceful; motionless; like death in horror or in stillness; as deathlike slumbers.

2. Resembling death; cadaverous.

Deaths-Man

DEATH'S-MAN, noun An executioner; a hangman.

Shak.

Death-Shadowed

DEATH'-SHADOWED, adjective Surrounded by the shades of death.

More.

Death-Token

DEATH'-TOKEN, noun That which indicates approaching death.

Shak.

Deathward

DEATH'WARD, adverb Toward death.

Beaum.

Death-Watch

DEATH'-WATCH, noun A small insect whose ticking is weakly supposed, by superstitious and ignorant people, to prognosticate death.

Gay.

Deaurate

DEAU'RATE, verb transitive [Latin deauro.] To gild. [Little used.]

Deaurate

DEAU'RATE, adjective Gilded.

Debacle

DEBAC'LE, noun [French] A breaking or bursting forth.

Buckland.

The geological deluge, which is supposed to have swept the surface of the earth, and to have conveyed the fragments of rocks, and the remains of animals and vegetables, to a distance from their native localities.

Ed. Encyc.

Debar

DEB`AR, verb transitive [de and bar.] To cut off from entrance; to preclude; to hinder from approach, entry or enjoyment; to shut out or exclude; as, we are not debarred from any rational enjoyment; religion debars us from no real pleasure.

Debark

DEB`ARK, verb transitive [French debarquer; de and barque, a boat or vessel.]

To land from a ship or boat; to remove from on board any water-craft, and place on land; to disembark; as, to debark artillery. [It is less used, especially in a transitive sense, than disembark.]

Debark

DEB`ARK, verb intransitive To leave a ship or boat and pass to the land; as, the troops debarked at four o'clock.

Debarkation

DEBARKA'TION, noun The act of disembarking.

Debarked

DEB`ARKED, participle passive Removed to land from on board a ship or boat.

Debarking

DEB`ARKING, participle of the present tense Removing from a ship to the land; going from on board a vessel.

Debarred

DEB`ARRED, participle passive [from debar.] Hindered from approach, entrance or possession.

Debarring

DEB`ARRING, participle of the present tense Preventing from approach, entrance or enjoyment.

Debase

DEBA'SE, verb transitive [de and base.] To reduce from a higher to a lower state or rank, in estimation.

The drunkard debases himself and his character.

Intemperance and debauchery debase men almost to a level with beasts.

2. To reduce or lower in quality, purity, or value; to adulterate; as, to debase gold or silver by alloy.

3. To lower or degrade; to make mean or despicable. Religion should not be debased by frivolous disputes. Vicious habits debase the mind, as well as the character.

4. To sink in purity or elegance; to vitiate by meanness; as, to debase style by the use of vulgar words.

Debased

DEBA'SED, participle passive Reduced in estimated rank; lowered in estimation; reduced in purity, fineness, quality or value; adulterated; degraded; rendered mean.

Debasement

DEBA'SEMENT, noun The act of debasing; degradation; reduction of purity, fineness, quality or value; adulteration; a state of being debased; as debasement of character, of our faculties, of the coin, of style, &c.

Debaser

DEBA'SER, noun One who debases or lowers in estimation, or in value; one who degrades or renders mean; that which debases.

Debasing

DEBA'SING, participle of the present tense Reducing in estimation or worth; adulterating; reducing in purity or elegance; degrading; rendering mean.

2. adjective Lowering; tending to debase or degrade; as debasing vices.

Debatable

DEBA'TABLE, adjective [See Debate.] That may be debated; disputable; subject to controversy or contention; as a debatable question.

Debate

DEBATE, noun [French debat; Spanish debate; Portugese id.; de and battre, to beat.]

1. Contention in words or arguments; discussion for elucidating truth; strife in argument or reasoning, between persons of different opinions, each endeavoring to prove his own opinion right, and that of his opposer wrong; dispute; controversy; as the debates in parliament or in congress.

2. Strife; contention.

Behold, ye fast for strife and debate. Isaiah 58.

3. The power of being disputed; as, this question is settled beyond debate; the story is true beyond debate.

4. Debate or debates, the published report of arguments for and against a measure; as, the debates in the convention are printed.

Debate

DEBA'TE, verb transitive [French debattre; Spanish debatir; Portugese debater. See Beat and Abate.]

To contend for in words or arguments; to strive to maintain a cause by reasoning; to dispute; to discuss; to argue; to contest, as opposing parties; as, the question was debated till a late hour.

Debate thy cause with thy neighbor himself. Proverbs 25.

Debate

DEBA'TE, verb intransitive To debate on or in, to deliberate; to discuss or examine different arguments in the mind.

Shak.

2. To dispute.

Tatler.

3. To engage in combat. [Not in use.]

Debated

DEBA'TED, participle passive Disputed; argued; discussed.

Debateful

DEBA'TEFUL, adjective Of things, contested; occasioning contention.

Spenser.

2. Of persons, quarrelsome; contentions. [Little used.]

Debatefully

DEBA'TEFULLY, adverb With contention.

Sherwood.

Debatement

DEBA'TEMENT, noun Controversy; deliberation. [Little used.]

Shak.

Debater

DEBA'TER, noun One who debates; a disputant; a controvertist.

Debating

DEBA'TING, participle of the present tense Disputing; discussing; contending by arguments.

Debauch

DEBAUCH, verb transitive [French debaucher; Armoric dibaucha. This is said by Lunier, to be compounded of de and an old French word, signifying a shop, [bauche,] and that its primary sense is to draw or entice one from his shop or work, and in this sense it is still used. Hence embaucher is to help a journeyman to employment, and to enlist as a soldier. The general sense then of debauch, in English, is to lead astray, like seduce.]

1. To corrupt or vitiate; as, to debauch a prince or a youth; to debauch good principles.

2. To corrupt with lewdness; as, to debauch a woman.

3. To seduce from duty or allegiance; as, to debauch an army.

Debauch

DEBAUCH', noun [French debauche; Armoric dibauch.]

Excess in eating or drinking; intemperance; drunkenness; gluttony; lewdness.

Debauched

DEBAUCH'ED, participle passive Corrupted; vitiated in morals or purity of character.

Debauchedly

DEBAUCH'EDLY, adverb In a profligate manner.

Cowley.

Debauchedness

DEBAUCH'EDNESS, noun Intemperance.

Bp. Hall.

Debauchee

DEBAUCHEE', noun A man given to intemperance, or bacchanalian excesses. But chiefly, a man habitually lewd.

Debaucher

DEBAUCH'ER, noun One who debauches or corrupts others; a seducer to lewdness, or to any derelietion of duty.

Debauchery

DEBAUCH'ERY, noun Excess in the pleasures of the table; gluttony; intemperance. But chiefly, habitual lewdness; excessive unlawful indulgence of lust.

2. Corruption of fidelity; seduction from duty or allegiance.

The republic of Paris will endeavor to complete the debauchery of the army.

Burke.

Debauchment

DEBAUCH'MENT, noun The act of debauching or corrupting; the act of seducing from virtue or duty.

Taylor.

Debellate

DEBEL'LATE, verb transitive [Latin debello.] To subdue. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Debellation

DEBELLA'TION, noun The act of conquering or subduing. [Not used.]

More.

Debenture

DEBEN'TURE, noun [French from Latin debeo, to owe. Class Db.]

1. A writing acknowledging a debt; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person. This paper, given by an officer of the customs, entitles a merchant exporting goods, to the receipt of a bounty, or a drawback of duties. When issued by a treasurer, it entitles the holder to a sum of money from the state.

2. In the customs, a certificate of drawback; a writing which states that a person is entitled to a certain sum from the government, on the exportation of specified goods, the duties on which had been paid.

Debentured

DEBEN'TURED, a. Debentured goods are those for which a debenture has been given, as being entitled to drawback.

Debile

DEB'ILE, adjective [Latin debilis; French debile; Italian debile; Spanish debil. See Class Db. No. 1. 2. 3. 5. 7. 15. 47. 51.]

Relaxed; weak; feeble; languid; faint; without strength.

Shak.

Debilitate

DEBIL'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin debilito, from debilis.]

To weaken; to impair the strength of; to enfeeble; to make faint or languid. Intemperance debilitates the organs of digestion. Excessive indulgence debilitates the system.

Debilitated

DEBIL'ITATED, participle passive Weakened; enfeebled; relaxed.

Debilitating

DEBIL'ITATING, participle of the present tense Weakening; enfeebling; impairing strength.

Debilitation

DEBILITA'TION, noun The act of weakening; relaxation.

Debility

DEBIL'ITY, noun [Latin debilitas, from debilis.] Relaxation of the solids; weakness; feebleness; languor of body; faintness; imbecility; as, morbid sweats induce debility. [It may be applied to the mind, but this is less common.]

Debit

DEB'IT, noun [Latin debitum, from debeo, to owe, French devoir, Spanish deber, Italian dovere. See Duty. The sense is probably to press or bind; Greek.]

Debt. It is usually written debt. But it is used in mercantile language, as the debit side of an account.

Debit

DEB'IT, verb transitive To charge with debt; as, to debit a purchaser the amount of goods sold.

2. To enter an account on the debtor side of a book; as, to debit the sum or amount of goods sold.

Debited

DEB'ITED, participle passive Charged in debt; made debtor on account.

2. Charged to one's debt, as money or goods.

Debiting

DEB'ITING, participle of the present tense Making debtor on account, as a person.

2. Charging to the debt of a person, as goods.

Debitor

DEB'ITOR, noun A debtor.

Shak.

Deboise

DEBOISE, DEBOISH, for debauch. [Not in use.]

Debonnair

DEBONNA'IR, adjective [French] Civil; wellbred; complaisant; elegant.

Milton.

Debouch

DEBOUCH, verb intransitive [French deboucher; de and bouche, mouth.]

To issue or march out of a narrow place, or from defiles, as troops.

Debris

DEBRIS, n. debree'. [French] Fragments; rubbish; ruins; applied particularly to the fragments of rocks.

Buckland.

Debt

DEBT, n. det. [Latin debitum, contracted; French dette; Spanish Italian debito. See Debit.]

1. That which is due from one person to another, whether money, goods, or services; that which one person is bound to pay or perform to another; as the debts of a bankrupt; the debts of a nobleman. It is a common misfortune or vice to be in debt.

When you run in debt, you give to another power over your liberty.

Franklin.

2. That which any one is obliged to do or to suffer.

Your son, my lord, has paid a soldier's debt.

Shak.

Hence death is called the debt of nature.

3. In law, an action to recover a debt. This is a customary ellipsis. He brought debt, instead of an action of debt.

4. In scripture, sin; trespass; guilt; crime; that which renders liable to punishment.

Forgive us our debts.

Lord's Prayer.

Debted

DEBT'ED, pp. det'ted. Indebted; obliged to. [Not used.]

Shak.

Debtee

DEBTEE', n. dettee'. A creditor; one to whom a debt is due.

Blackstone.

Debtless

DEBT'LESS, a. det'less. Free from debt.

Chaucer.

Debtor

DEBT'OR, n. det'tor. [Latin debitor.] The person who owes another either money, goods or services.

In Athens an insolvent debtor became slave to his creditor.

Mitford.

2. One who is under obligation to do something.

I am debtor to the Greeks and barbarians. Romans 1.

He is a debtor to do the whole law. Galatians 5.

3. The side of an account in which debts are charged. [See Debit.]

Decachord

DEC'ACHORD, or DECACHORD'ON, noun [Greek, ten, and, string.]

1. A musical instrument of ten strings.

2. Something consisting of ten parts.

Watson.

Decadal

DEC'ADAL, adjective Pertaining to ten; consisting of tens.

Decade

DEC'ADE, noun [Latin decas, decadis; French decade; Spanish decada; from Greek, ten. See Ten.]

The sum or number of ten; an aggregate consisting of ten; as a decade of years; the decades of Livy.

Decadence

DECA'DENCE, or DECA'DENCY, noun Decay. [See Decay.]

Decagon

DEC'AGON, noun [Greek, ten, and, a corner.]

In geometry, a plane figure having ten sides and ten angles.

Decagram

DEC'AGRAM, noun [Greek, ten, and gram, a weight.]

A French weight of ten grams, or 154 grains, 44 decimals, equal to 6 penny weights, 10 grains, 44 decimals, equal to 5 drams, 65 decimals, avoirdupoise.

Decagyn

DEC'AGYN, noun [Greek, ten, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having ten pistils.

Decagynian

DECAGYN'IAN, adjective Having ten pistils.

Decahedral

DECAHE'DRAL, adjective Having ten sides.

Decahedron

DECAHE'DRON, noun [Greek, ten, and, a base.] In geometry, a figure or body having ten sides.

Decaliter

DEC'ALITER, noun [Greek, ten, and liter.] A French measure of capacity, containing ten liters, or 610.28 cubic inches, equal to two gallons and 64.44231 cubic inches.

Decalogist

DECAL'OGIST, noun [See Decalogue.] One who explains the decalogue.

Gregory.

Decalogue

DEC'ALOGUE, n. dec'alog. [Greek, ten, and, speech.]

The ten commandments or precepts given by God to Moses at mount Sinai, and originally written on two tables of stone.

Decameter

DECAM'ETER, noun [Greek, ten, and, measure.]

A French measure of length, consisting of ten meters, and equal to 393 English inches, and 71 decimals.

Decamp

DECAMP', verb intransitive [French decamper; Spanish decampar; de and camp.]

To remove or depart from a camp; to march off; as, the army decamped at six o'clock.

Decampment

DECAMP'MENT, noun Departure from a camp; a marching off.

Decanal

DEC'ANAL, adjective [See Dean.] Pertaining to a deanery.

Decander

DECAN'DER, noun [Greek, ten, and, a male.] In botany, a plant having ten stamens.

Decandrian

DECAN'DRIAN, adjective Having ten stamens.

Decangular

DECAN'GULAR, adjective [Greek, ten, and angular.] Having ten angles.

Lee.

Decant

DECANT', verb transitive [Latin decanto; de and canto, to sing; literally, to throw; French decanter, to pour off; Spanish decantar; Italian decantare. See Cant.]

To pour off gently, as liquor from its sediment; or to pour from one vessel into another; as, to decant wine.

Decantation

DECANTA'TION, noun The act of pouring liquor gently from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another.

Decanted

DECANT'ED, participle passive Poured off, or from one vessel into another.

Decanter

DECANT'ER, noun A vessel used to decant liquors, or for receiving decanted liquors. A glass vessel or bottle used for holding wine or other liquors, for filling the drinking glasses.

2. One who decants liquors.

Decanting

DECANT'ING, participle of the present tense Pouring off, as liquor from its lees, or from one vessel to another.

Decapitate

DECAP'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin decapito; de and caput, head.] To behead; to cut off the head.

Decapitation

DECAPITA'TION, noun The act of beheading.

Decaphyllous

DECAPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, ten, and, a leaf.] Having ten leaves.

Martyn.

Decarbonize

DEC`ARBONIZE, verb transitive [de and carbonize.] To deprive of carbon; as, to decarbonize steel.

Chimistry.

Decarbonized

DEC`ARBONIZED, participle passive Deprived of carbon.

Decarbonizing

DEC`ARBONIZING, participle of the present tense Depriving of carbon.

Decastich

DEC'ASTICH, noun [Greek, ten, and, a verse.] A poem consisting of ten lines.

Decastyle

DEC'ASTYLE, noun [Greek, ten, and, a column.]

A building with an ordnance of ten columns in front.

Encyc.

Decay

DECA'Y, verb intransitive [French dechoir, from Latin de and cado, to fall, or decedo; Italian scadere; Spanish decaer; Portugese descahir.]

1. To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to a less perfect state, or towards destruction; to fail; to decline; to be gradually impaired. Our bodies decay in old age; a tree decays; buildings decay; fortunes decay.

2. To become weaker; to fail; as, our strength decays, or hopes decay.

Decay

DECA'Y, verb transitive To cause to fail; to impair; to bring to a worse state.

Infirmity, that decays the wise, doth ever make better the fool.

Shak.

[The transitive sense of the verb is now rarely used.]

Decay

DECA'Y, noun Gradual failure of health, strength, soundness, prosperity, or any species of excellence or perfection; decline to a worse or less perfect state; tendency towards dissolution or extinction; a state of depravation or diminution. Old men feel the decay of the body. We perceive the decay of the faculties in age. We lament the decay of virtue and patriotism in the state. The northern nations invaded the Roman Empire, when in a state of decay.

2. Declension from prosperity; decline of fortune.

If thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay. Leviticus 25.

3. Cause of decay. [Not usual.]

He that plots to be the only figure among ciphers, is the decay of the whole age.

Bacon.

Decayed

DECA'YED, participle passive Having fallen from a good or sound state; impaired; weakened; diminished.

Decayedness

DECA'YEDNESS, noun A state of being impaired; decayed state.

Decayer

DECA'YER, noun That which causes decay.

Shak.

Decaying

DECA'YING, participle of the present tense Failing; declining; passing from a good, prosperous or sound state, to a worse condition; perishing.

Decaying

DECA'YING, noun Decay; decline.

Decease

DECE'ASE, noun [Latin decessus, from decedo, to depart; de and cedo, to withdraw; French decÃƒ-¨s.]

Literally, departure; hence, departure from this life; death; applied to human beings only.

Moses and Elias, who appeared in glory, and spoke of his decease, which he should accomplish at Jerusalem. Luke 9.

Decease

DECE'ASE, verb intransitive To depart from this life; to die.

Gen. Washington deceased, December 14, 1799, in the 68th year of his age.

Deceased

DECE'ASED, participle passive or adjective Departed from life. This is used as a passive participle. He is deceased, for he has deceased; he was deceased, for he had deceased. This use of the participle of an intransitive verb is not infrequent, but the word omitted is really has. He has deceased. It is properly an adjective, like dead.

Deceasing

DECE'ASING, participle of the present tense Departing from life; dying.

Decedent

DECE'DENT, noun [Latin decedens.] A deceased person.

Laws of Penn.

Deceit

DECE'IT, noun [Norm. deceut, contracted from Latin deceptio. See Deceive.]

1. Literally, a catching or ensnaring. Hence, the misleading of a person; the leading of another person to believe what is false, or not to believe what is true, and thus to ensnare him; fraud; fallacy; cheat; any declaration, artifice or practice, which misleads another, or causes him to believe what is false.

My lips shall not speak wickedness, nor my tongue utter deceit.

Job 27.

2. Stratagem; artifice; device intended to mislead.

They imagine deceits all the day long. Psalm 38.

3. In scripture, that which is obtained by guile, fraud or oppression.

Their houses are full of deceit. Jeremiah 5. Zephaniah 1.

4. In law, any trick, device, craft, collusion, shift, covin, or underhand practice, used to defraud another.

Cowel.

Deceitful

DECE'ITFUL, adjective Tending to mislead, deceive or ensnare; as deceitful words; deceitful practices.

Favor is deceitful. Proverbs 31.

2. Full of deceit; trickish; fraudulent; cheating; as a deceitful man.

Deceitfully

DECE'ITFULLY, adverb In a deceitful manner; fraudulently; with deceit; in a manner or with a view to deceive.

The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully. Genesis 34.

Deceitfulness

DECE'ITFULNESS, noun Tendency to mislead or deceive; as the deceitfulness of sin.

2. The quality of being fraudulent; as the deceitfulness of a man's practices.

3. The disposition to deceive; as, a man's deceitfulness may be habitual.

Deceitless

DECE'ITLESS, adjective Free from deceit.

Hall.

Deceivable

DECE'IVABLE, adjective [See Deceive.] Subject to deceit or imposition; capable of being misled or entrapped; exposed to imposture; as, young persons are very deceivable.

2. Subject or apt to produce error or deception; deceitful.

Fair promises often prove deceivable.

Milton. Hayward.

[The latter use of the word is incorrect, and I believe, not now used.]

Deceivableness

DECE'IVABLENESS, noun Liableness to be deceived.

2. Liableness to deceive.

The deceivableness of unrighteousness. 2 Thessalonians 2.

Deceive

DECE'IVE, verb transitive [Latin decipio, to take aside, to ensnare; de and capio; French decevoir; Armoric decevi. See Capable.]

1. To mislead the mind; to cause to err; to cause to believe what is false, or disbelieve what is true; to impose on; to delude.

Take heed that no man deceive you. Matthew 24.

If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves. 1 John 1.

2. To beguile; to cheat.

Your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times. Genesis 31.

3. To cut off from expectation; to frustrate or disappoint; as, his hopes were deceived.

Dryden.

4. To take from; to rob.

Plant fruit trees in large borders, and set therein fine flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees. [The literal sense, but not now used.]

Bacon.

Deceived

DECE'IVED, participle passive Misled; led into error; beguiled; cheated; deluded.

Deceiver

DECE'IVER, noun One who deceives; one who leads into error; a cheat; an impostor.

I shall seem to my father as a deceiver. Genesis 27.

Deceiving

DECE'IVING, participle of the present tense Misleading; ensnaring; beguiling; cheating.

December

DECEM'BER, noun [Latin december, from decem, ten; this being the tenth month among the early Romans, who began the year in March.]

The last month in the year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and makes the winter solstice.

Decemdentate

DECEMDEN'TATE, adjective [Latin decem, ten, and dentatus, toothed.] Having ten points or teeth.

Decemfid

DEC'EMFID, adjective [Latin decem, ten, and fido, to divide.]

Ten-cleft; divided into ten parts; having ten divisions.

Martyn.

Decemlocular

DECEMLOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin decem, ten, and loculus, a little bag or cell.] Having ten cells for seeds.

Martyn.

Decempedal

DEC'EMPEDAL, adjective [Latin decem, ten, and pes, a foot.] Ten feet in length.

Decemvir

DEC'EMVIR, noun [Latin decem, ten, and vir, a man.]

One of ten magistrates, who had absolute authority in ancient Rome.

Decemviral

DECEM'VIRAL, adjective Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome.

Encyc.

Decemvirate

DECEM'VIRATE, noun [Latin decemviratus. See Decemvir.]

1. The office or term of office of the decemvirs or ten magistrates in Rome, who had absolute authority for two years.

2. A body of ten men in authority.

Decency

DE'CENCY, noun [French decence; Latin decentia, from decens, deceo, to be fit or becoming; Spanish decencia; Italian decenza. The Latin deceo coincides in elements with the German taugen, to be good, or fit for; Dutch deugen, to be good or virtuous; Saxon dugan, to avail, to be strong, to be worth; duguth, virtue, valor; dohtig, doughty; dohter, daughter; Welsh tygiaw, to prosper, to befit, to succeed. The Teutonic and Welsh words have for their radical sense, to advance or proceed, to stretch forward. In Welsh also, tÃƒ-ªg signifies clear, fair, smooth, beautiful; tegu, to make smooth, fair, beautiful, which would seem to be allied to deceo, whence decus, decoro. See Class Dg. No. 18. 25.]

1. That which is fit, suitable or becoming, in words or behavior; propriety of form, in social intercourse, in actions or discourse; proper formality; becoming ceremony. It has a special reference to behavior; as decency of conduct; decency of worship.

But it is used also in reference to speech; as, he discoursed with decency.

Those thousand decencies, that daily flow

From all her words and actions.

Milton.

2. Suitableness to character; propriety.

3. Propriety in speech; modesty; opposed to ribaldry, or obscenity.

Want of decency is want of sense.

Pope.

It may be also used for propriety of speech, opposed to rudeness, or disrespectful language; and for propriety in dress, opposed to raggedness, exposure of nakedness, filthiness, &c.

Decennary

DEC'ENNARY, noun [Latin decennis, decennium, from decem, ten, and annus, a year.]

1. A period of ten years.

2. A tithing consisting of ten freeholders and their families.

Blackstone.

Decennial

DECEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin decennalis, as above.] Continuing for ten years; consisting of ten years; or happening every ten years; as a decennial period; decennial games.

Decennoval

DEC'ENNOVAL, or DECEN'NOVARY, adjective [Latin decem, ten, and novem, nine.]

Pertaining to the number nineteen; designating a period or circle of nineteen years. [Little used.]

Holder.

Decent

DE'CENT, adjective [Latin decens; French decent. See Decency.]

1. Becoming; fit; suitable, in words, behavior, dress and ceremony; as decent language; decent conduct or actions; decent ornaments or dress.

2. Comely; not gaudy or ostentatious.

A sable stole of Cyprus lawn

O'er the decent shoulders drawn.

Milton.

3. Not immodest.

4. In popular language, moderate, but competent; not large; as a decent fortune. So a decent person is one not highly accomplished, nor offensively rude.

Decently

DE'CENTLY, adverb In a decent or becoming manner; with propriety of behavior or speech.

2. Without immodesty.

Past hope of safety, 'twas his latest care,

Like falling Caesar, decently to die.

Dryden.

Decentness

DE'CENTNESS, noun Decency.

Deceptibility

DECEPTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality or state of being capable or liable to be deceived.

Glanville.

Deceptible

DECEP'TIBLE, adjective That may be deceived.

Brown.

Deception

DECEP'TION, noun [Latin deceptio, from decipio. See Deceive.]

1. The act of deceiving or misleading.

All deception is a misapplication of the established signs used to communicate thoughts.

Anon.

2. The state of being deceived or misled. Incautious and inexperienced youth is peculiarly exposed to deception.

3. Artifice practiced; cheat; as, a scheme is all a deception.

Deceptious

DECEP'TIOUS, adjective Tending to deceive; deceitful.

Shak.

Deceptive

DECEP'TIVE, adjective Tending to deceive; having power to mislead, or impress false opinions; as a deceptive countenance or appearance.

Deceptory

DECEP'TORY, adjective Tending to deceive; containing qualities or means adapted to mislead.

Decerpt

DECERPT', adjective [Latin decerptus.] Cropped. [Not used.]

Decerption

DECERP'TION, noun [Latin decerpo, to pluck off; de and carpo.]

A pulling or plucking off; a cropping.

Glanville.

Decertation

DECERTA'TION, noun [Latin decertatio; de and certo, to strive.]

Strife; contest for mastery. [Little used.]

Brown.

Decession

DECES'SION, noun [Latin decessio; de and cedo, to pass.] Departure. [Little used.]

Decharm

DECH`ARM, verb transitive [French decharmer. See Charm.]

To remove a spell or enchantment; to disenchant.

Harvey.

Decharmed

DECH`ARMED, participle passive Disenchanted.

Decharming

DECH`ARMING, participle of the present tense Removing a spell.

Dechristianize

DECHRIS'TIANIZE, verb transitive [de and christianize.]

To turn from christianity; to banish christian belief and principles from.

J. P. Smith.

Decidable

DECI'DABLE, adjective That may be decided.

Jones.

Decide

DECI'DE, verb transitive [Latin decido; de and coedo, to strike, to cut.] Literally, to cut off, and thus to end. Hence,

1. To end; to determine, as a controversy, by verdict of a jury, or by a judgment of court. We say, the court or the jury decided the cause in favor of the plaintiff, or of the defendant.

2. To end or determine, as a dispute or quarrel.

3. To end or determine a combat or battle; as, a body of reserve, brought to the charge, decided the contest.

4. To determine; to fix the event of.

The fate of the bill is decided.

5. In general, to end; to terminate.

Decide

DECI'DE, verb intransitive To determine; to form a definite opinion; to come to a conclusion.

We cannot decide how far resistance is lawful or practicable.

The court decided in favor of the defendant.

Decided

DECI'DED, participle passive Determined; ended; concluded.

Decided

DECI'DED, adjective That implies decision; clear; unequivocal; that puts an end to doubt.

I find much cause to reproach myself, that I have lived so long, and have given no decided and public proofs of my being a christian.

P. Henry, Wirt's Sketches.

Decidedly

DECI'DEDLY, adverb In a decided or determined manner; clearly; indisputably; in a manner to preclude doubt.

Decidence

DECI'DENCE, noun [Latin decidens.] A falling off. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Decider

DECI'DER, noun One who determines a cause or contest.

Deciding

DECI'DING, participle of the present tense Determining; ending; concluding.

Deciduous

DECID'UOUS, adjective [Latin deciduus, decido; de and cado, to fall.]

Falling; not perennial or permanent. In botany, a deciduous leaf is one which falls in autumn; a deciduous calyx, is that which falls after the corol opens; distinguished from permanent.

Martyn.

Deciduousness

DECID'UOUSNESS, noun The quality of falling once a year.

Decigram

DEC'IGRAM, noun A French weight of one tenth of a gram.

Decil

DE'CIL, noun An aspect or position of two planets, when they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zodiac.

Encyc.

Deciliter

DEC'ILITER, noun A French measure of capacity equal to one tenth of a liter.

Decimal

DEC'IMAL, adjective [Latin decimus, tenth, from decem, ten; Greek, Gothic tig, ten, Saxon a tie.]

1. Numbered by ten; as decimal progression.

Locke.

2. Increasing or diminishing by ten; as decimal numbers; decimal arithmetic; decimal fractions.

3. Tenth; as a decimal part.

Decimal

DEC'IMAL, noun A tenth.

Decimally

DEC'IMALLY, adverb By tens; by means of decimals.

Decimate

DEC'IMATE, verb transitive [Latin decimo, from decem, ten.]

1. To tithe; to take the tenth part.

2. To select by lot and punish with death every tenth man; a practice in armies, for punishing mutinous or unfaithful troops.

3. To take every tenth.

Mitford.

Decimation

DECIMA'TION, noun A tithing; a selection of every tenth by lot.

2. The selecting by lot for punishment every tenth man, in a company or regiment, &c.

Decimator

DEC'IMATOR, noun One who selects every tenth man for punishment.

South.

Decimeter

DECIM'ETER, noun A French measure of length equal to the tenth part of a meter, or 3 inches and 93710 decimals.

Decimo-Sexto

DECIMO-SEXTO, noun [Latin] A book is in decimo-sexto, when a sheet is folded into sixteen leaves.

Taylor.

Decipher

DECI'PHER, verb transitive [French dechiffrer; de and chiffre, a cipher; Italian deciferare; Spanish descifrar; Portugese decifrar. See Cipher.]

1. To find the alphabet of a cipher; to explain what is written in ciphers, by finding what letter each character or mark represents; as, to decipher a letter written in ciphers.

2. To unfold; to unravel what is intricate; to explain what is obscure or difficult to be understood; as, to decipher an ambiguous speech, or an ancient manuscript or inscription.

3. To write out; to mark down in characters. [This use is now uncommon, and perhaps improper.]

Locke.

4. To stamp; to mark; to characterize. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Deciphered

DECI'PHERED, participle passive Explained; unravelled; marked.

Decipherer

DECI'PHERER, noun One who explains what is written in ciphers.

Deciphering

DECI'PHERING, participle of the present tense Explaining; detecting the letters represented by ciphers; unfolding; marking.

Decision

DECIS'ION, n. s as z. [Latin decisio. See Decide.]

1. Determination, as of a question or doubt; final judgment or opinion, in a case which has been under deliberation or discussion; as the decision of the Supreme Court. He has considered the circumstances of the case and come to a decision.

2. Determination of a contest or event; end of a struggle; as the decision of a battle by arms.

3. In Scotland, a narrative or report of the proceedings of the Court of Sessions.

Johnson.

4. Report of the opinions and determinations of any tribunal. We say, read the decisions of the Court of King's Bench.

5. Act of separation; division. [Not used.]

Decisive

DECI'SIVE, adjective Having the power or quality of determining a question, doubt, or any subject of deliberation; final; conclusive; putting an end to controversy; as, the opinion of the court is decisive of the question.

2. Having the power of determining a contest or event; as, the victory of the allies was decisive.

Decisively

DECI'SIVELY, adverb In a conclusive manner; in a manner to end deliberation, controversy, doubt or contest.

Chesterfield.

Decisiveness

DECI'SIVENESS, noun The power of an argument or of evidence to terminate a difference or doubt; conclusiveness.

2. The power of an event to put an end to a contest.

Decisory

DECI'SORY, adjective Able to decide or determine.

Sherwood.

Deck

DECK, verb transitive [Dutch dekken; German decken; Swedish t?ckia; Danish toekker; Saxon gedecan, and thecan and theccan; Latin tego, to cover, whence tectum, a roof, French toit. The Greek has, a roof, but the verb has a prefix, to cover. Hence Latin tegula, a tile. The Irish teach, a house, contracted in Welsh to ty, may be of the same family. In German dach is a roof, and thatch may be also of this family. Class Dg. No. 2. 3. 10. The primary sense is to put on, to throw over, or to press and make close.]

1. Primarily, to cover; to overspread; to put on. Hence,

2. To clothe; to dress the person; but usually, to clothe with more than ordinary elegance; to array; to adorn; to embellish.

The dew with spangles decked the ground.

Dryden.

3. To furnish with a deck, as a vessel.

Deck

DECK, noun The covering of a ship, which constitutes a floor, made of timbers and planks. Small vessels have only one deck; larger ships have two or three decks. A flush deck is a continued floor from stem to stern, on one line.

2. A pack of cards piled regularly on each other.

Grew.

Decked

DECK'ED, participle passive Covered; adorned; furnished with a deck.

Decker

DECK'ER, noun One who decks or adorns; a coverer; as a table-decker.

2. Of a ship, we say, she is a two-decker or a three-decker, that is, she has two decks or three decks.

Decking

DECK'ING, participle of the present tense Covering; arraying; adorning.

Decking

DECK'ING, noun Ornament; embellishment.

Homilies.

Declaim

DECLA'IM, verb intransitive [Latin declamo; de and clamo, to cry out. See Claim and Clamor.]

1. To speak a set oration in public; to speak rhetorically; to make a formal speech, or oration; as, the students declaim twice a week.

2. To harangue; to speak loudly or earnestly, to a public body or assembly, with a view to convince their minds or move their passions.

Declaim

DECLA'IM, verb transitive To speak in public.

2. To speak in favor of; to advocate. [Not in use.]

Declaimant

DECLA'IMANT, or DECLA'IMER, noun One who declaims; a speaker in public; one who attempts to convince by a harangue.

2. One who speaks clamorously.

Declaiming

DECLA'IMING, participle of the present tense Speaking rhetorically; haranguing.

Declaiming

DECLA'IMING, noun A harangue.

Bp. Taylor.

Declamation

DECLAMA'TION, noun [Latin declamatio.] A speech made in public, in the tone and manner of an oration; a discourse addressed to the reason or to the passions; a set speech; a harangue. This word is applied especially to the public speaking and speeches of students in colleges, practiced for exercises in oratory. It is applied also to public speaking in the legislature, and in the pulpit. Very often it is used for a noisy harangue, without solid sense or argument; as, mere declamation; empty declamation.

2. A piece spoken in public, or intended for the public.

Declamator

DECLAMA'TOR, noun A declaimer. [Not used.]

Taylor.

Declamatory

DECLAM'ATORY, adjective [Latin declamatorius.]

1. Relating to the practice of declaiming; pertaining to declamation; treated in the manner of a rhetorician; as a declamatory theme.

Wotton.

2. Appealing to the passions; noisy; rhetorical without solid sense or argument; as a declamatory way or style.

Declarable

DECLA'RABLE, adjective [See Declare.] That may be declared, or proved.

Declaration

DECLARA'TION, noun [Latin declaratio.] An affirmation; an open expression of facts or opinions; verbal utterance; as, he declared his sentiments, and I rely on his declaration.

2. Expression of facts, opinions, promises, predictions, &c., in writings; records or reports of what has been declared or uttered.

The scriptures abound in declarations of mercy to penitent sinners.

3. Publication; manifestation; as the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai. Esther 10.

5. A public annunciation; proclamation; as the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776.

5. In law, that part of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth at large his cause of complaint; the narration or count.

Declarative

DECLAR'ATIVE, adjective Making delcaration; explanatory; making show or manifestation; as, the name of a thing may be declarative of its form or nature.

Grew.

2. Making proclamation, or publication.

Declaratorily

DECLAR'ATORILY, adverb By declaration, or exhibition.

Declaratory

DECLAR'ATORY, adjective Making declaration, clear manifestation, or exhibition; expressive; as, this clause is declaratory of the will of the legislature. The declaratory part of a law, is that which sets forth and defines what is right and what is wrong. A declaratory act, is an act or statute which sets forth more clearly and explains the intention of the legislature in a former act.

Declare

DECLA'RE, verb transitive [Latin declaro; de and claro, to make clear; Irish gluair, or gleair; Welsh eglur, clear, bright; egluraw, to make clear or plain, to manifest, to explain. French declarer; Spanish declarar; Italian dichiarare. See Clear and Glory. The sense is to open, to separate, or to spread.]

1. To clear; to free from obscurity; to make plain.

Boyle.

[In this literal sense, the word is no longer in use.]

2. To make known; to tell explicitly; to manifest or communicate plainly to others by words.

I will declare what he hath done for my soul. Psalm 66.

3. To make known; to show to the eye or to the understanding; to exhibit; to manifest by other means than words.

The heavens declare the glory of God. Psalm 19.

4. To publish; to proclaim.

Declare his glory among the heathen. 1 Chronicles 16.

Declaring the conversion of the Gentiles. Acts 15.

5. To assert; to affirm; as, he declares the story to be false.

To declare one's self, to throw off reserve and avow one's opinion; to show openly what one thinks, or which side he espouses.

Declare

DECLA'RE, verb intransitive To make a declaration; to proclaim or avow some opinion or resolution in favor or in opposition; to make known explicitly some determination; with for or against; as, the prince declared for the allies; the allied powers declared against France.

Like fawning courtiers, for success they wait;

And then come smiling, and declare for fate.

Dryden.

2. In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the defendant; as, the plaintiff declares in debt or trespass.

3. To show or manifest the issue or event; to decide in favor of; as, victory had not declared for either party.

Declared

DECLA'RED, participle passive Made known; told explicitly; avowed; exhibited; manifested; published; proclaimed; recited.

Declaredly

DECLA'REDLY, adverb Avowedly; explicitly.

Declarer

DECLA'RER, noun One who makes known or publishes; that which exhibits.

Declaring

DECLA'RING, participle of the present tense Making known by words or by other means; manifesting; publishing; affirming; reciting the cause of complaint.

Declaring

DECLA'RING, noun Declaration; proclamation.

Declension

DECLEN'SION, noun [Latin declinatio, from declino. See Decline.]

1. Literally, a leaning back or down; hence, a falling or declining towards a worse state; a tendency towards a less degree of excellence or perfection. The declension of a state is manifested by corruption of morals. We speak of the declension of virtue, of manners, of taste, of the sciences, of the fine arts, and sometimes of life or years; but in the latter application, decline is more generally used.

2. Declination; a declining; descent; slope; as the declension of the shore towards the sea.

Burnet.

3. In grammar, inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns; the declining, deviation or leaning of the termination of a word from the termination of the nomitive case; change of termination to form the oblique cases. Thus from rex in the nominative case, are formed regis in the genitive, regi in the dative, regem in the accusative, and rege in the ablative.

Declinable

DECLI'NABLE, adjective That may be declined; changing its termination in the oblique cases; as a declinable noun.

Declinate

DEC'LINATE, adjective [Latin declinatus.] In botany, bending or bent downwards, in a curve; declining.

Martyn.

Declination

DECLINA'TION, noun A leaning; the act of bending down; as a declination of the head.

2. A declining, or falling into a worse state; change from a better to a worse condition; decay; deterioration; gradual failure or diminution of strength, soundness, vigor or excellence.

3. A deviation from a right line, in a literal sense; oblique motion; as the declination of a descending body.

Bentley.

4. Deviation from rectitude in behavior or morals; obliquity of conduct; as a declination from the path of integrity.

5. In astronomy, a variation from a fixed point or line. The distance of any celestial object from the equinoctial line, or equator, either northward or southward.

Encyc.

6. Declination of the compass or needle, is the variation of the needle from the true meridian of a place.

Encyc.

7. In dialing, the declination of a wall or plane, is an arch of the horizon, contained between the plane and the prime vertical circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the meridian and the plane, if you reckon from the north or south.

Bailey.

8. In grammar, declension; or the inflection of a noun through its various terminations.

Johnson.

Declinator

DECLINA'TOR, or DECLIN'ATORY, noun An instrument for taking the declination, or inclination of a plane; an instrument in dialling.

Encyc. Chambers.

Declinatory plea, in law, a plea before trial or conviction, intended to show that the party was not liable to the penalty of the law, or was specially exempted from the jurisdiction of the court. The plea of benefit of clergy is a declinatory plea.

Blackstone.

Decline

DECLI'NE, verb intransitive [Latin declino; de and clino, to lean. See Lean.]

1. To lean downward; as, the head declines towards the earth.

2. To lean from a right line; to deviate; in a literal sense.

3. To lean or deviate from rectitude, in a moral sense; to leave the path of truth or justice, or the course prescribed.

Yet do I not decline from thy testimonies. Psalm 119:157.

4. To fall; to tend or draw towards the close; as, the day declines.

5. To avoid or shun; to refuse; not to comply; not to do; as, he declined to take any part in the concern.

6. To fall; to fail; to sink; to decay; to be impaired; to tend to a less perfect state; as, the vigor of youth declines in age; health declines; virtue declines; religion declines; national credit and prosperity decline, under a corrupt administration.

7. To sink; to diminish; to fall in value; as, the prices of land and goods decline at the close of a war.

Decline

DECLI'NE, verb transitive To bend downward; to bring down.

In melancholy deep, with head declined.

Thomson.

2. To bend to one side; to move from a fixed point or right line.

3. To shun or avoid; to refuse; not to engage in; to be cautious not to do or interfere; not to accept or comply with; as, he declined the contest; he declined the offer; he declined the business or pursuit.

4. To inflect; to change the termination of a word, for forming the oblique cases; as, Dominus, Domini, Domino, Dominum, Domine.

Decline

DECLI'NE, noun Literally, a leaning from; hence, a falling off; a tendency to a worse state; diminution or decay; deterioration; as the decline of life; the decline of strength; the decline of virtue and religion; the decline of revenues; the decline of agriculture, commerce or manufactures; the decline of learning.

Declined

DECLI'NED, participle passive Bent downward or from; inflected.

Declining

DECLI'NING, participle of the present tense Leaning; deviating; falling; failing; decaying; tending to a worse state; avoiding; refusing; inflecting.

Declivity

DECLIV'ITY, noun [Latin declivitas, from declivis, sloping; de and clivus. See Cliff.]

Declination from a horizontal line; descent of land; inclination downward; a slope; a gradual descent of the earth, of a rock or other thing: chiefly used of the earth, and opposed to acclivity, or ascent; the same slope, considered as descending, being a declivity, and considered as ascending, an acclivity.

Declivous

DECLI'VOUS, or DECLIV'ITOUS, adjective Gradually descending; not precipitous; sloping.

Decoct

DECOCT', verb transitive [Latin decoquo, decoctum; de and coquo, to cook, to boil.]

1. To prepare by boiling; to digest in hot or boiling water.

Bacon.

2. To digest by the heat of the stomach; to prepare as food for nourishing the body.

Davies.

3. To boil in water, for extracting the principles or virtues of a substance.

Bacon.

4. To boil up to a consistence; to invigorate.

Shak.

[This verb is little used, and in its last sense, is hardly proper.]

Decoctible

DECOCT'IBLE, adjective That may be boiled or digested.

Decoction

DECOC'TION, noun [French decoction; Italian decozione. See Decoct.]

1. The act of boiling a substance in water, for extracting its virtues.

2. The liquor in which a substance has been boiled; water impregnated with the principles of any animal or vegetable substance boiled in it; as a weak or a strong decoction of Peruvian bark.

Decoctive

DECOCT'IVE, adjective That may be easily decocted.

Decocture

DECOCT'URE, noun A substance drawn by decoction.

Decollate

DE'COLLATE, verb transitive [Latin decollo.] To be head.

Burke.

Decollated

DE'COLLATED, participle passive Beheaded.

Decollation

DECOLLA'TION, noun [Latin decollatio, from decollo, to behead; de and collum, the neck.]

The act of beheading; the act of cutting off the neck of an animal, and severing the head from the body. It is especially used of St. John the Baptist, and of a painting which represents his beheading.

Decoloration

DECOLORA'TION, noun [Latin decoloratio.] Absence of color.

Ferrand.

Decomplex

DE'COMPLEX, adjective [de and complex.] Compounded of complex ideas.

Gregory. Locke.

Decomposable

DECOMPO'SABLE, a. s as z. [See Decompose.]

That may be decomposed; capable of being resolved into its constitutent elements.

Davy.

Decompose

DECOMPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French decomposer; de and composer, to compose, from Latin compono, compositus.]

To separate the constituent parts of a body or substance; to disunite elementary particles combined by affinity or chimical attraction; to resolve into original elements.

Decomposed

DECOMPO'SED, participle passive Separated or resolved into the constituent parts.

Decomposing

DECOMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Separating into constituent parts.

Decomposite

DECOMPOS'ITE, a. decompoz'it. [Latin de and compositus. See Compose.]

Compounded a second time; compounded with things already composite.

Bacon.

Decomposition

DECOMPOSI'TION, noun Analysis; the act of separating the constituent parts of a substance, which are chimically combined. Decomposition differs from mechanical division, as the latter effects no change in the properties of the body divided, whereas the parts chimically decomposed have properties very different from those of the substance itself.

2. A second composition. [In this sense, not now used.]

Boyle.

Decompound

DECOMPOUND', verb transitive [de and compound.] To compound a second time; to compound or mix with that which is already compound; to form by a second composition.

Boyle. Locke. Newton.

2. To decompose. [Little used, or not at all.]

Decompound

DECOMPOUND', adjective Composed of things or words already compounded; compounded a second time.

Boyle.

2. A decompound leaf, in botany, is when the primary petiole is so divided that each part forms a compound leaf. A decompound flower is formed of compound flowers, or containing, within a common calyx, smaller calyxes, common to several flowers.

Martyn.

Decompoundable

DECOMPOUND'ABLE, adjective That may be decompounded.

Decompounded

DECOMPOUND'ED, participle passive Compounded a second time; composed of things already compounded.

Decompounding

DECOMPOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Compounding a second time.

Decorate

DEC'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin decoro, from decus, decor, comeliness, grace. See Decency.]

1. To adorn; to beautify; to embellish; used of external ornaments or apparel; as, to decorate the person; to decorate an edifice; to decorate a lawn with flowers.

2. To adorn with internal grace or beauty; to render lovely; as, to decorate the mind with virtue.

3. To adorn or beautify with any thing agreeable; to embellish; as, to decorate a hero with honors, or a lady with accomplishments.

Decorated

DEC'ORATED, participle passive Adorned; beautified; embellished.

Decorating

DEC'ORATING, participle of the present tense Adorning; embellishing; rendering beautiful to the eye, or lovely to the mind.

Decoration

DECORA'TION, noun Ornament; embellishment; any thing added which renders more agreeable to the eye or to the intellectual view.

2. In architecture, any thing which adorns and enriches an edifice, as vases, paintings, figures, festoons, &c.

3. In theaters, the scenes, which are changed as occasion requires.

Decorator

DEC'ORATOR, noun One who adorns or embellishes.

Decorous

DEC'OROUS, adjective [Latin decorus. See Decency.]

Decent; suitable to a character, or to the time, place and occasion; becoming; proper; befitting; as a decorous speech; decorous behavior; a decorous dress for a judge.

Decorously

DEC'OROUSLY, adverb In a becoming manner.

Decorticate

DECOR'TICATE, verb transitive [Latin decortico; de and cortex, bark.]

To strip off bark; to peel; to husk; to take off the exterior coat; as, to decorticate barley.

Arbuthnot.

Decorticated

DECOR'TICATED, participle passive Stripped of bark; peeled; husked.

Decorticating

DECOR'TICATING, participle of the present tense Stripping off bark or the external coat; peeling.

Decortication

DECORTICA'TION, noun The act of stripping off bark or husk.

Decorum

DECO'RUM, noun [Latin from deceo, to become. See Decency.]

1. Propriety of speech or behavior; suitableness of speech and behavior, to one's own character, and to the characters present, or to the place and occasion; seemliness; decency; opposed to rudeness, licentiousness, or levity.

To speak and behave with decorum is essential to good breeding.

2. In architecture, the suitableness of a building, and of its parts and ornaments, to its place and uses.

Decoy

DECOY', verb transitive [Dutch kooi, a cabin, birth, bed, fold, cage, decoy; kooijen, to lie, to bed.]

To lead or lure by artifice into a snare, with a view to catch; to draw into any situation to be taken by a foe; to entrap by any means which deceive. The fowler decoys ducks into a net. Troops may be decoyed into an ambush. One ship decoys another within reach of her shot.

Decoy

DECOY', noun Any thing intended to lead into a snare; any lure or allurement that deceives and misleads into evil, danger or the power of an enemy.

2. A place for catching wild fowls.

Decoy-Duck

DECOY'-DUCK, noun A duck employed to draw others into a net or situation to be taken.

Decoyed

DECOY'ED, participle passive Lured or drawn into a snare or net; allured into danger by deception.

Decoying

DECOY'ING, participle of the present tense Luring into a snare or net by deception; leading into evil or danger.

Decoy-Man

DECOY'-MAN, noun A man employed in decoying and catching fowls.

Decrease

DECRE'ASE, verb intransitive [Latin decresco; de and cresco, to grow; French decroÃƒ-®tre; Italian decrescere;

Spanish decrecer; Armoric digrisgi. See Grow.]

To become less; to be diminished gradually, in extent, bulk, quantity, or amount, or in strength, quality, or excellence; as, the days decrease in length from June to December.

He must increase, but I must decrease. John 3.

Decrease

DECRE'ASE, verb transitive To lessen; to make smaller in dimensions, amount, quality or excellence, &c.; to diminish gradually or by small deductions; as, extravagance decreases the means of charity; every payment decreases a debt; intemperance decreases the strength and powers of life.

Decrease

DECRE'ASE, noun A becoming less; gradual diminution; decay; as a decrease of revenue; a decrease of strength.

2. The wane of the moon; the gradual diminution of the visible face of the moon from the full to the change.

Decreased

DECRE'ASED, participle passive Lessened; diminished.

Decreasing

DECRE'ASING, participle of the present tense Becoming less; diminishing; waning.

Decree

DECREE', noun [Latin decretum, from decerno, to judge; de and cerno, to judge, to divide; French decret; Italian and Spanish decreto.]

1. Judicial decision, or determination of a litigated cause; as a decree of the court of chancery. The decision of a court of equity is called a decree; that of a court of law, a judgment.

2. In the civil law, a determination or judgment of the emperor on a suit between parties.

Encyc.

3. An edict or law made by a council for regulating any business within their jurisdiction; as the decrees of ecclesiastical councils.

Encyc.

4. In general, an order, edict or law made by a superior as a rule to govern inferiors.

There went a decree from Cesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. Luke 2.

5. Established law, or rule.

He made a decree for the rain. Job 28.

6. In theology, predetermined purpose of God; the purpose or determination of an immutable Being, whose plan of operations is, like himself, unchangeable.

Decree

DECREE', verb transitive To determine judicially; to resolve by sentence; as, the court decreed that the property should be restored; or they decreed a restoration of the property.

2. To determine or resolve legislatively; to fix or appoint; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose.

Thou shalt decree a thing, and it shall be established. Job 22.

Let us not be solicitous to know what God has decreed concerning us.

Anon.

Decreed

DECREE'D, participle passive Determined judicially; resolved; appointed; established in purpose.

Decreeing

DECREE'ING, participle of the present tense Determining; resolving; appointing; ordering.

Decrement

DEC'REMENT, noun [Latin decrementum, from decresco. See Decrease.]

1. Decrease; waste; the state of becoming less gradually.

Rocks and mountains suffer a continual decrement.

Woodward.

2. The quantity lost by gradual diminution, or waste.

3. In heraldry, the wane of the moon.

4. In crystalography, a successive diminution of the lamens of molecules, applied to the faces of the primitive form, by which the secondary forms are supposed to be produced.

HaÃƒ-¼y.

Decrepit

DECREP'IT, adjective [Latin decrepitus, from de and crepo, to break.]

Broken down with age; wasted or worn by the infirmities of old age; being in the last stage of decay; weakened by age.

Milton. Pope.

Decrepitate

DECREP'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin decrepo, to break or burst, to crackle; de and crepo.]

To roast or calcine in a strong heat, with a continual bursting or crackling of the substance; as, to decrepitate salt.

Decrepitate

DECREP'ITATE, verb intransitive To crackle, as salts when roasting.

Decrepitated

DECREP'ITATED, participle passive Roasted with a crackling noise.

Decrepitating

DECREP'ITATING, participle of the present tense Crackling; roasting with a crackling noise; suddenly bursting when exposed to heat.

Decrepitation

DECREPITA'TION, noun The act of roasting with a continual crackling; or the separation of parts with a crackling noise, occasioned by heat.

Decrepitness

DECREP'ITNESS, or DECREP'ITUDE, noun [See Decrepit.] The broken, crazy state of the body, produced by decay and the infirmities of age.

Decrescent

DECRES'CENT, adjective [Latin decrescens. See Decrease.]

Decreasing; becoming less by gradual diminution; as a decrescent moon.

Decretal

DECRE'TAL, adjective [See Decree.] Appertaining to a decree; containing a decree; as a decretal epistle.

Ayliffe.

Decretal

DECRE'TAL, noun A letter of the pope, determining some point or question in ecclesiastical law. The decretals form the second part of the canon law.

Encyc.

2. A book of decrees, or edicts; a body of laws.

Spenser.

3. A collection of the pope's decrees.

Howell.

Decretion

DECRE'TION, noun [See Decrease.] A decreasing. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Decretist

DECRE'TIST, noun One who studies or professes the knowledge of the decretals.

Decretorily

DEC'RETORILY, adverb In a definitive manner.

Goodman.

Decretory

DEC'RETORY, adjective Judicial; definitive; established by a decree.

The decretory rigors of a condemning sentence.

South.

2. Critical; determining; in which there is some definitive event; as, critical or decretory days.

Brown.

Decrew

DECREW', verb intransitive To decrease. [Not in use.]

Decrial

DECRI'AL, noun [See Decry.] A crying down; a clamorous censure; condemnation by censure.

Decried

DECRI'ED, participle passive Cried down; discredited; brought into disrepute.

Decrier

DECRI'ER, noun One who decries.

Decrown

DECROWN', verb transitive [de and crown.] To deprive of a crown. [Little used.]

Overbury.

Decry

DECRY', verb transitive [French decrier; de and crier, to cry.] To cry down; to censure as faulty, mean or worthless; to clamor against; to discredit by finding fault; as, to decry a poem.

2. To cry down, as improper or unnecessary; to rail or clamor against; to bring into disrepute; as, to decry the measures of administration.

Decubation

DECUBA'TION, noun [Latin decumbo.] The act of lying down.

Evelyn.

Decumbence

DECUM'BENCE, or DECUM'BENCY, noun [Latin decumbens, from decumbo, to lie down; de and cumbo, to lie down.]

The act of lying down; the posture of lying down.

Brown.

Decumbent

DECUM'BENT, adjective In botany, declined or bending down; having the stamens and pistils bending down to the lower side; as a decumbent flower.

Martyn.

Decumbiture

DECUM'BITURE, noun The time at which a person takes to his bed in a disease.

2. In astrology, the scheme or aspect of the heavens, by which the prognostics of recovery or death are discovered.

Decuple

DEC'UPLE, adjective [Latin decuplus; Greek, from, ten.] Tenfold; containing ten times as many.

Decuple

DEC'UPLE, noun A number ten times repeated.

Decurion

DECU'RION, noun [Latin decurio, from decem, Greek, ten.]

An officer in the Roman army, who commanded a decuria, or ten soldiers, which was a third part of the turma, and a thirtieth of the legion of cavalry.

Encyc. Temple.

Decurrent

DECUR'RENT, adjective [Latin decurrens, from decurro, to run down; de and curro, to run.]

Extending downwards. A decurrent leaf is a sessile leaf having its base extending downwards along the stem.

Martyn.

Decursion

DECUR'SION, noun [Latin decursio, from decurro; de and curro, to run.]

The act of running down, as a stream.

Hale.

Decursive

DECUR'SIVE, adjective Running down.

Decursively pinnate, in botany, applied to a leaf, having the leaflets decurrent or running along the petiole.

Decurt

DECURT', verb transitive [Latin decurto.] To shorten by cutting off. [Not in use.]

Decurtation

DECURTA'TION, noun [Latin decurto, to shorten; de and curto.] The act of shortening, or cutting short.

Decury

DEC'URY, noun [Latin decuria, from decem, Greek, ten.] A set of ten men under an officer called decurio.

Decussate

DE'CUSSATE, verb transitive [Latin decusso, to cut or strike across.]

To intersect at acute angles, thus X; or in general, to intersect; to cross; as lines, rays, or nerves in the body.

Encyc.

Decussate

DE'CUSSATE, or DE'CUSSATED, adjective Crossed; intersected. In botany, decussated leaves and branches, are such as grow in pairs which alternately cross each other at right angles, or in a regular manner.

Martyn. Lee.

In rhetoric, a decussated period is one that consists of two rising and two falling clauses, placed in alternate opposition to each other. For example, ``If impudence could effect as much in courts of justice, as insolence sometimes does in the country, Caesina would now yield to the impudence of Ebutius, as he then yielded to his insolent assault.'

J. Q. Adams, Lect.

Decussating

DE'CUSSATING, participle of the present tense Intersecting at acute angles; crossing.

Decussation

DECUSSA'TION, noun The act of crossing at unequal angles; the crossing of two lines, rays or nerves, which meet in a point and then proceed and diverge.

Encyc.

Dedalian

DEDA'LIAN, adjective [from Doedalus, the Athenian, who invented sails or wings.] Various; variegated; intricate; complex; expert.

Dedalous

DED'ALOUS, adjective [from Doedalus.] Having a margin with various windings and turnings; of a beautiful and delicate texture; a term applied to the leaves of plants.

Martyn. Lee.

Dedecorate

DEDEC'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin dedecoro.] To disgrace. [Not used.]

Dedecoration

DEDECORA'TION, noun A disgracing. [Not used.]

Dedentition

DEDENTI'TION, noun [de and dentition.] The shedding of teeth.

Brown.

Dedicate

DED'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin dedico; de and dico, dicare, to vow, promise, devote, dedicate. See Class Dg. No. 12. 15. 45. The sense is to send, to throw; hence, to set, to appoint.]

1. To set apart and consecrate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose; to devote to a sacred use, by a solemn act, or by religious ceremonies; as, to dedicate vessels, treasures, a temple, an altar, or a church, to God or to a religious use.

Vessels of silver, of gold, and of brass, which king David did dedicate to the Lord. 2 Samuel 8.

2. To appropriate solemnly to any person or purpose; to give wholly or chiefly to. The ministers of the gospel dedicate themselves, their time and their studies, to the service of Christ. A soldier dedicates himself to the profession of arms.

3. To inscribe or address to a patron; as, to dedicate a book.

Dedicate

DED'ICATE, adjective Consecrated; devoted; appropriated.

Shak.

Dedicated

DED'ICATED, participle passive Devoted to a divine Being, or to a sacred use; consecrated; appropriated; given wholly to.

Dedicating

DED'ICATING, participle of the present tense Devoting to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose; consecrating; appropriating; giving wholly to.

Dedication

DEDICA'TION, noun The act of consecrating to a divine Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities; solemn appropriation; as the dedication of Solomon's temple.

2. The act of devoting or giving to.

3. An address to a patron, prefixed to a book, testifying respect and recommending the work to his protection and favor.

Pope.

Dedicator

DED'ICATOR, noun One who dedicates; one who inscribes a book to the favor of a patron.

Pope.

Dedicatory

DED'ICATORY, adjective Composing a dedication; as an epistle dedicatory.

Dedition

DEDI'TION, noun [Latin deditio, from dedo, to yield.]

The act of yielding any thing; surrendry.

Hale.

Dedolent

DED'OLENT, adjective [Latin dedoleo.] Feeling no compunction. [Not used.]

Deduce

DEDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin deduco; de and duco, to lead, bring or draw. The Latin duco is the Saxon teogan, teon, to tug, to tow, German ziehen; hence Latin dux, duke. See Duke. Class Dg. No. 5. 12. 15. 37. 62. 64.]

1. To draw from; to bring from.

O goddess, say, shall I deduce my rhymes From the dire nation in its early times?

Pope.

2. To draw from, in reasoning; to gather a truth, opinion or proposition from premises; to infer something from what precedes.

Reasoning is nothing but the faculty of deducing unknown truths from principles already known.

Locke.

3. To deduct. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

4. To transplant. [Not in use.]

Selden.

Deduced

DEDU'CED, participle passive Drawn from; inferred; as a consequence from principles or premises.

Deducement

DEDU'CEMENT, noun The thing drawn from or deduced; inference; that which is collected from premises.

Dryden.

Deducible

DEDU'CIBLE, adjective That may be deduced; inferable; collectible by reason from premises; consequential.

The properties of a triangle are deducible from the complex idea of three lines including a space.

Locke.

Deducing

DEDU'CING, participle of the present tense Drawing from; inferring; collecting from principles or facts already established or known.

Deducive

DEDU'CIVE, adjective Performing the act of deduction. [Little used.]

Deduct

DEDUCT', verb transitive [Latin deduco, deductum. See Deduce.]

To take from; to subtract; to separate or remove, in numbering, estimating or calculating. Thus we say, from the sum of two numbers, deduct the lesser number; from the amount of profits, deduct the charges of freight.

Deducted

DEDUCT'ED, participle passive Taken from; subtracted.

Deducting

DEDUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Taking from; subtracting.

Deduction

DEDUC'TION, noun [Latin deductio.] The act of deducting.

2. That which is deducted; sum or amount taken from another; defalcation; abatement; as, this sum is a deduction from the yearly rent.

3. That which is drawn from premises; fact, opinion, or hypothesis, collected from principles or facts stated, or established data; inference; consequence drawn; conclusion; as, this opinion is a fair deduction from the principles you have advanced.

Deductive

DEDUCT'IVE, adjective Deducible; that is or may be deduced from premises.

All knowledge is deductive.

Glanville.

Deductively

DEDUCT'IVELY, adverb By regular deduction; by way of inference; by consequence.

Brown.

Deed

DEED, noun [Saxon doed; Dutch daad; German that; Dan daad; the participle of Saxon don, Gothic tauyan, German thun, Dutch doen, to do; probably a contracted word.]

1. That which is done, acted or effected; an act; a fact; a word of extensive application, including whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.

And Joseph said to them, what deed is this which ye have done? Genesis 44.

We receive the due reward of our deeds. Luke 25.

2. Exploit; achievement; illustrious act.

Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn.

Dryden.

3. Power of action; agency.

With will and deed created free.

Milton.

4. A writing containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence of its execution; particularly, an instrument on paper or parchment, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee. This instrument must be executed, and the execution attested, in the manner prescribed by law.

Indeed, in fact; in reality. These words are united and called an adverb. But sometimes they are separated by very, in very deed; a more emphatical expression. Exodus 9.

Deed

DEED, verb transitive To convey or transfer by deed; a popular use of the word in America; as, he deeded all his estate to his eldest son.

Deed-Achieving

DEED-ACHIE'VING, adjective That accomplishes great deeds.

Deedless

DEE'DLESS, adjective Inactive; not performing or having performed deeds or exploits.

Pope.

Deed-Poll

DEED-POLL, noun A deed not indented, that is, shaved or even, made by one party only.

Blackstone.

Deem

DEEM, verb transitive [Saxon deman; Dutch doemen; Swedish d?ma; Danish dÃƒ-¶mmer; whence doom. Russian dumayu, to think, reflect, reckon, believe; duma, a thought or idea, a privy council; dumnoi, a privy counselor. See Class Dm. No. 5. 36. 39. and Class Sm. No. 5.]

1. To think; to judge; to be of opinion; to conclude on consideration; as, he deems it prudent to be silent.

For never can I deem him less than god.

Dryden.

The shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country. Acts 27.

2. To estimate. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Deem

DEEM, noun Opinion; judgment; surmise. [Obs.]

Shak.

Deemed

DEE'MED, participle passive Thought; judged; supposed.

Deeming

DEE'MING, participle of the present tense Thinking; judging; believing.

Deemster

DEE'MSTER, noun [deem and ster. See Steer.] A judge in the Isle of Man and in Jersey.

Johnson.

Deep

DEEP, adjective [Saxon deop, dypa; Dutch diep; German tief; Swedish diup; Danish dyb. It seems to be allied to dip and dive, whose radical sense is to thrust or plunge. Qu. Welsh dwvyn.]

1. Extending or being far below the surface; descending far downward; profound; opposed to shallow; as deep water; a deep pit or well.

2. Low in situation; being or descending far below the adjacent land; as a deep valley.

3. Entering far; piercing a great way. A tree in a good soil takes deep root. A spear struck deep into the flesh.

4. Far from the outer part; secreted.

A spider deep ambushed in her den.

Dryden.

5. Not superficial or obvious; hidden; secret.

He discovereth deep things out of darkness. Job 12.

6. Remote from comprehension.

O Lord, thy thoughts are very deep. Psalm 92.

7. Sagacious; penetrating; having the power to enter far into a subject; as a man of deep thought; a deep divine.

8. Artful; contriving; concealing artifice; insidious; designing; as a friend, deep, hollow, treacherous.

9. Grave in sound; low; as the deep tones of an organ.

10. Very still; solemn; profound; as deep silence.

11. Thick; black; not to be penetrated by the sight.

Now deeper darkness brooded on the ground.

Hoole.

12. Still; sound; not easily broken or disturbed.

The Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam. Genesis 2.

13. Depressed; sunk low, metaphorically; as deep poverty.

14. Dark; intense; strongly colored; as a deep brown; a deep crimson; a deep blue.

15. Unknown; unintelligible.

A people of deeper speech than thou canst perceive. Isaiah 33.

16. Heart-felt; penetrating; affecting; as a deep sense of guilt.

17. Intricate; not easily understood or unraveled; as a deep plot or intrigue.

This word often qualifies a verb, like an adverb.

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.

Pope.

Deep

DEEP, noun The sea; the abyss of waters; the ocean.

He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. Job 41.

2. A lake; a great collection of water.

Lanch out into the deep, and let down your nets. Luke 5.

3. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible.

Thy judgments are a great deep. Psalm 36.

4. The most still or solemn part; the midst; as, in deep of night.

Shak. Philips.

Deep-Drawing

DEE'P-DRAWING, adjective Sinking deep into the water.

Shak.

Deepen

DEE'PEN, v. t. dee'pn. To make deep or deeper; to sink lower; as, to deepen the channel of a river or harbor; to deepen a well.

2. To make dark or darker; to make more thick or gloomy; as, to deepen the shades of night; to deepen gloom.

3. To give a darker hue, or a stronger color; as, to deepen a color; to deepen a red, blue or crimson color.

4. To make more poignant or distressing; as, to deepen grief or sorrow.

5. To make more frightful; as, to deepen the horrors of the scene.

6. To make more sad or gloomy; as, to deepen the murmurs of the flood.

7. To make more grave; as, to deepen the tones of an organ.

Deepen

DEE'PEN, verb intransitive To become more deep; as, the water deepens at every cast of the lead.

Deepened

DEE'PENED, participle passive Made more deep.

Deepening

DEE'PENING, participle of the present tense Sinking lower; making more deep.

Deeply

DEE'PLY, adverb At or to a great depth; far below the surface; as a passion deeply rooted in our nature; precepts deeply engraven on the heart.

2. Profoundly; thoroughly; as deeply skilled in ethics or anatomy.

3. To or from the inmost recesses of the heart; with great sorrow; most feelingly.

He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark 8.

He was deeply affected at the sight.

Anon.

4. To a great degree; as, he has deeply offended.

They have deeply corrupted themselves. Hosea 9.

5. With a dark hue, or strong color; as a deeply red liquor; deeply colored.

6. Gravely; as a deeply toned instrument.

7. With profound skill; with art or intricacy; as a deeply laid plot or intrigue.

This word cannot easily be defined in all its various applications. In general it gives emphasis or intensity to the word which it qualifies.

Deep-Mouthed

DEE'P-MOUTHED, adjective Having a hoarse, loud, hollow voice; as a deep-mouthed dog.

Shak.

Deep-Musing

DEE'P-MUSING, adjective Contemplative; thinking closely or profoundly.

Pope.

Deepness

DEE'PNESS, noun Depth; remoteness from the surface in a descending line; interior distance from the surface; profundity.

And forthwith they sprung up, because they had no deepness of earth. Matthew 13.

2. Craft; insidiousness. [Unusual.]

Deep-Read

DEE'P-READ, adjective Having fully read; profoundly versed.

L'Estrange.

Deep-Revolving

DEEP-REVOLV'ING, adjective Profoundly revolving or meditating.

Shak.

Deep-Throated

DEE'P-THROATED, adjective With deep throats.

Milton.

Deep-Toned

DEE'P-TONED, adjective Having a very low or grave tone.

Deep-Vaulted

DEE'P-VAULTED, adjective Formed like a deep vault or arch.

Milton.

Deep-Waisted

DEE'P-WAISTED, adjective Having a deep waist, as a ship when the quarter deck and forecastle are raised from four to six feet above the level of the main deck.

Mar. Dict.

Deer

DEER, n. sing. and plu. [Saxon deor; Dutch dier; German thier; Swedish diur; Danish dyr; Polish zwiers; Greek, a wild beast. The primary sense is simply roving, wild, untamed; hence, a wild beast.]

A quadruped of the genus Cervus, of several species, as the stag, the fallow deer, the roe-buck, the rane or rane-deer, &c. These animals are wild and hunted in the forest, or kept in parks. Their flesh called venison, is deemed excellent food.

Deer-Stealer

DEE'R-STEALER, noun One who steals deer.

Deer-Stealing

DEE'R-STEALING, noun The act or crime of stealing deer.

Deess

DE'ESS, noun [French deesse.] A goddess. [Not in use.]

Croft.

Deface

DEFA'CE, verb transitive [Armoric difaÃƒ-§za; de and Latin facio; French defaire, to undo or unmake.]

1. To destroy or mar the face or surface of a thing; to injure the superficies or beauty; to disfigure; as, to deface a monument; to deface an edifice.

2. To injure any thing; to destroy, spoil or mar; to erase or obliterate; as, to deface letters or writing; to deface a note, deed or bond; to deface a record.

3. To injure the appearance; to disfigure.

Defaced

DEFA'CED, participle passive Injured on the surface; disfigured; marred; erased.

Defacement

DEFA'CEMENT, noun Injury to the surface or beauty; rasure; obliteration; that which mars beauty or disfigures.

Defacer

DEFA'CER, noun He or that which defaces; one who injures, mars or disfigures.

Defacing

DEFA'CING, participle of the present tense Injuring the face or surface; marring; disfiguring; erasing.

De facto. [Latin] actually; in fact; existing; as a king de facto, distinguished from a king de jure, or by right.

Defailance

DEFA'ILANCE, noun [French See Fail.] Failure; miscarriage. Obs.

Taylor.

Defalcate

DEFAL'CATE, verb transitive [French defalquer; Italian defalcare; Spanish desfalcar; Portugese desfalcar; from Latin defalco; de and falco, from falx, a sickle.]

To cut off; to take away or deduct a part; used chiefly of money, accounts, rents, income, &c.

Defalcation

DEFALCA'TION, noun The act of cutting off, or deducting a part; deduction; diminution; abatement; as, let him have the amount of his rent without defalcation.

2. That which is cut off; as, this loss is a defalcation from the revenue.

Defalk

DEFALK, verb transitive To defalcate. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Defamation

DEFAMA'TION, noun [See Defame.] The uttering of slanderous words with a view to injure another's reputation; the malicious uttering of falsehood respecting another which tends to destroy or impair his good name, character or occupation: slander; calumny. To constitute defamation in law, the words must be false and spoken maliciously. Defamatory words written and published are called a libel.

Blackstone.

Defamatory

DEFAM'ATORY, adjective Calumnious; slanderous; containing defamation; false and injurious to reputation; as defamatory words; defamatory reports or writings.

Defame

DEFA'ME, verb transitive [French diffamer; Italian diffamare; Spanish disfamar; from Latin diffamo; de or dis and fama, fame.]

1. To slander; falsely and maliciously to utter words respecting another which tend to injure his reputation or occupation; as to say, a judge is corrupt; a man is perjured; a trader is a knave.

2. To speak evil of; to dishonor by false reports; to calumniate; to libel; to impair reputation by acts or words.

Being defamed, we entreat. 1 Corinthians 4.

Defamed

DEFA'MED, participle passive Slandered; dishonored or injured by evil reports.

Defamer

DEFA'MER, noun A slanderer; a detractor; a calumniator.

Defaming

DEFA'MING, participle of the present tense Slandering; injuring the character by false reports.

Defaming

DEFA'MING, noun Defamation; slander.

Jeremiah.

Defatigable

DEFAT'IGABLE, adjective Liable to be wearied. [Not much used.]

Glanville.

Defatigate

DEFAT'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin defatigo; de and fatigo, to tire. See Fatigue.] To weary or tire. [Little used.]

Herbert.

Defatigation

DEFATIGA'TION, noun Weariness. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Default

DEFAULT', noun [French defaut, for default, from defaillir, to fail; de and faillir, to fail. See Fail and Fault.]

1. A failing, or failure; an omission of that which ought to be done; neglect to do what duty or law requires; as, this evil has happened through the governor's default. A default or fault, may be a crime, a vice, or a mere defect, according to the nature of the duty omitted.

2. Defect; want; failure.

Cooks could make artificial birds, in default of real ones.

Arbuthnot.

3. In law, a failure of appearance in court at a day assigned, particularly of the defendant in a suit when called to make answer. It may be applied to jurors, witnesses, &c.; but a plaintiff's failing to appear by himself self or attorney, is usually called a non-appearance.

To suffer a default, is to permit an action to be called without appearing or answering; applied to a defendant.

Default

DEFAULT', verb intransitive To fail in performing a contract or agreement.

Johnson.

Default

DEFAULT', verb transitive In law, to call out a defendant, [according to the common expression.] To call a defendant officially, to appear and answer in court, and on his failing to answer, to declare him in default, and enter judgment against him; as, let the defendant be defaulted.

No costs are to be awarded for such town, if defaulted.

Mass. Laws.

2. To call out a cause, in which the defendant does not appear, and enter judgment on the default; as, the cause was defaulted.

3. To fail in performance.

Milton.

Default

DEFAULT, verb transitive To offend. Obs.

Defaulted

DEFAULT'ED, participle passive Called out of court, as a defendant or his cause.

2. adjective Having defect.

Defaulter

DEFAULT'ER, noun One who makes default; one who fails to appear in court when called.

2. One who fails to perform a public duty; particularly, one who fails to account for public money entrusted to his care; a delinquent.

Defaulting

DEFAULT'ING, participle of the present tense Failing to fulfil a contract; delinquent.

2. Failing to perform a duty or legal requirement; as a defaulting creditor.

Walsh.

3. Calling out of court, and entering judgment against for non-appearance, as a defendant.

Defeasance

DEFE'ASANCE, n. s as z. [Norm. defesance; French defesant, from defaire, to undo; de and faire, Latin facio.]

1. Literally, a defeating; a rendering null; the preventing of the operation of an instrument.

2. In law, a condition, relating to a deed, which being performed, the deed is defeated or rendered void; or a collateral deed, made at the same time with a feoffment or other conveyance, containing conditions, on the performance of which the estate then created may be defeated. A defeasance, on a bond, or a recognizance, or a judgment recovered, is a condition which, when performed, defeats it. A defeasance differs from the common condition of a bond, in being a separate deed, whereas a common condition is inserted in the bond itself.

Blackstone.

3. The writing containing a defeasance.

4. Defeat. obsolete

Spenser.

Defeasible

DEFE'ASIBLE, a. s as z. That may be defeated, or annulled; as a defeasible title; a defeasible estate.

Defeasibleness

DEFE'ASIBLENESS, noun The quality of being defeasible.

Defeat

DEFE'AT, noun [French defaite, from defaire, to undo; de and faire.]

1. Overthrow; loss of battle; the check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory of an enemy.

2. Successful resistance; as the defeat of an attack.

3. Frustration; a rendering null and void; as the defeat of a title.

4. Frustration; prevention of success; as the defeat of a plan or design.

Defeat

DEFE'AT, verb transitive To overcome or vanquish, as an army; to check, disperse or ruin by victory; to overthrow; applied to an army, or a division of troops; to a fleet, or to a commander.

The English army defeated the French on the plains of Abraham. Gen. Wolf defeated Montcalm. The French defeated the Austrians at Marengo.

2. To frustrate; to prevent the success of: to disappoint.

Then mayest thou for me defeat the counsel of Ahithophel. 2 Samuel 15 and 17.

We say, our dearest hopes are often defeated.

3. To render null and void; as, to defeat a title or an estate.

4. To resist with success; as, to defeat an attempt or assault.

Defeated

DEFE'ATED, participle passive Vanquished; effectually resisted; overthrown; frustrated; disappointed; rendered null or inoperative.

Defeating

DEFE'ATING, participle of the present tense Vanquishing; subduing; opposing successfully; overthrowing; frustrating; disappointing; rendering null and void.

Defeature

DEFE'ATURE, noun Change of feature.

Shak.

2. Overthrow; defeat. obsolete

Beaum.

Defecate

DEF'ECATE, verb transitive [Latin defoeco; de and foex, dregs.]

1. To purify; to refine; to clear from dregs or impurities; to clarify; as, to defecate liquor.

2. To purify from admixture; to clear; to purge of extraneous matter.

Defecated

DEF'ECATED, participle passive Purified; clarified; refined.

Defecating

DEF'ECATING, participle of the present tense Purifying; purging of lees or impurities.

Defecation

DEFECA'TION, noun The act of separating from lees or dregs; purification from impurities or foreign matter.

Defect

DEFECT', noun [Latin defectus; Italian difetto; Spanish defecto; from Latin deficio, to fail; de and facio, to make or do.]

1. Want or absence of something necessary or useful towards perfection; fault; imperfection.

Errors have been corrected, and defects supplied.

Davies.

We say, there are numerous defects in the plan, or in the work, or in the execution.

2. Failing; fault; mistake; imperfection in moral conduct, or in judgment.

A deep conviction of the defects of our lives tends to make us humble.

Trust not yourself; but, your defects to know,

Make use of every friend and every foe.

Pope.

3. Any want, or imperfection, in natural objects; the absence of any thing necessary to perfection; any thing unnatural or misplaced; blemish; deformity. We speak of a defect in the organs of seeing or hearing, or in a limb; a defect in timber; a defect in an instrument, &c.

Defect

DEFECT', verb intransitive To be deficient. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Defectibility

DEFECTIBIL'ITY, noun Deficiency; imperfection. [Little used.]

Digby. Hale.

Defectible

DEFECT'IBLE, adjective Imperfect; deficient; wanting. [Little used.]

Hale.

Defection

DEFEC'TION, noun [Latin defectio. See Defect.]

1. Want or failure of duty; particularly a falling away; apostasy; the act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself. Our defection from God is proof of our depravity. The cause of the king was rendered desperate by the defection of the nobles.

2. Revolt; used of nations or states.

Defective

DEFECT'IVE, adjective [Latin defectivus. See Defect.]

1. Wanting either in substance, quantity or quality, or in any thing necessary; imperfect; as a defective limb; defective timber; a defective copy or book; a defective account. Defective articulation, in speaking, renders utterance indistinct.

2. Wanting in moral qualities; faulty; blamable; not conforming to rectitude or rule; as a defective character.

3. In grammar, a defective noun is one which wants a whole number or a particular case; an indeclinable noun.

4. A defective verb, is one which wants some of the tenses.

Defectively

DEFECT'IVELY, adverb In a defective manner; imperfectly.

Defectiveness

DEFECT'IVENESS, noun Want; the state of being imperfect; faultiness.

Defectuosity

DEFECTUOS'ITY, noun Defectiveness; faultiness. [Not used.]

Montagu.

Defectuous

DEFECT'UOUS, adjective Full of defects. [Little used.]

Worthington.

Defedation

DEFEDA'TION, noun Pollution. [Not in use.]

Bentley.

Defend

DEFEND', verb transitive [Latin defendo; de and obs. defendo; French defendre; Italian difendere; Spanish defender; Portugese id.; Armoric difenn or divenn; Welsh difyn; Norm. fendu, struck; defender, to oppose, to prohibit. The primary sense is to strike, thrust or drive off; to repel.]

1. To drive from; to thrust back; hence, to deny; to repel a demand, charge, or accusation; to oppose; to resist; the effect of which is to maintain one's own claims.

2. To forbid; to prohibit; that is, to drive from, or back. Milton calls the forbidden fruit, the defended fruit.

The use of wine in some places is defended by customs or laws.

Temple.

[This application is nearly obsolete.]

3. To drive back a foe or danger; to repel from any thing that which assails or annoys; to protect by opposition or resistance; to support or maintain; to prevent from being injured, or destroyed.

There arose, to defend Israel, Tola the son of Puah. Judges 10.

4. To vindicate; to assert; to uphold; to maintain uninjured, by force or by argument; as, to defend our cause; to defend rights and privileges; to defend reputation.

5. To secure against attacks or evil; to fortify against danger or violence; to set obstacles to the approach of any thing that can annoy. A garden may be defended by a grove. A camp may be defended by a wall, a hill or a river.

Defend

DEFEND', verb intransitive To make opposition; as, the party comes into court, defends and says.

Defendable

DEFEND'ABLE, adjective That may be defended.

Defendant

DEFEND'ANT, adjective [French participle of defendre.] Defensive; proper for defense.

Shak.

2. Making defense; being in the character of a defendant.

Wheaton's Rep.

Defendant

DEFEND'ANT, noun He that defends against an assailant, or against the approach of evil or danger.

2. In law, the party that opposes a complaint, demand or charge; he that is summoned into court, and defends, denies or opposes the demand or charge, and maintains his own right. It is applied to any party of whom a demand is made in court, whether the party denies and defends, or admits the claim and suffers a default.

Defended

DEFEND'ED, participle passive Opposed; denied; prohibited; maintained by resistance; vindicated; preserved uninjured; secured.

Defender

DEFEND'ER, noun One who defends by opposition; one who maintains, supports, protects or vindicates; an assertor; a vindicator, either by arms or by arguments; a champion or an advocate.

Defending

DEFEND'ING, participle of the present tense Denying; opposing; resisting; forbidding; maintaining uninjured by force or by reason; securing from evil.

Defensative

DEFENS'ATIVE, noun Guard; defense; a bandage, plaster, or the like, to secure a would from external injury.

Johnson.

Defense

DEFENSE, n. defens'. [Latin defensio.] Any thing that opposes attack, violence, danger or injury; any thing that secures the person, the rights or the possessions of men; fortification; guard; protection; security. A wall, a parapet, a ditch, or a garrison, is the defense of a city or fortress. The Almighty is the defense of the righteous. Psalm 59.

2. Vindication; justification; apology; that which repels or disproves a charge or accusation.

Men, brethren, fathers, hear ye my defense. Acts 22.

3. In law, the defendant's reply to the plaintiff's declaration, demands or charges.

4. Prohibition. obsolete

Temple.

5. Resistance; opposition.

Shak.

6. The science of defending against enemies; military skill.

7. In fortification, a work that flanks another.

Defense

DEFENSE, v. t. defens'. To defend by fortification. obsolete

Fairfax.

Defensed

DEFENS'ED, participle passive Fortified.

Defenseless

DEFENSELESS, a. defens'less. Being without defense, or without means of repelling assault or injury; applied to a town, it denotes unfortified or ungarrisoned; open to an enemy; applied to a person, it denotes naked; unarmed; unprotected; unprepared to resist attack; weak; unable to oppose; uncovered; unsheltered.

Defenselessness

DEFENSELESSNESS, n. defens'lessness.

The state of being unguarded or unprotected.

Defensible

DEFENS'IBLE, adjective That may be defended; as a defensible city.

2. That may be vindicated, maintained or justified; as a defensible cause.

Defensive

DEFENS'IVE, adjective [French defensif.] That serves to defend; proper for defense; as defensive armor, which repels attacks or blows, opposed to offensive arms, which are used in attack.

2. Carried on in resisting attack or aggression; as defensive war, in distinction from offensive war, which is aggressive.

3. In a state or posture to defend.

Milton.

Defensive

DEFENS'IVE, noun Safeguard; that which defends.

Wars preventive, upon just fears, are true defensives.

Bacon.

To be on the defensive, or to stand on the defensive, is to be or stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in opposition to aggression or attack.

Defensively

DEFENS'IVELY, adverb In a defensive manner; on the defensive; in defense.

Defer

DEFER', verb transitive [Latin differo; dis, from, and fero, to bear.]

1. To delay; to put off; to postpone to a future time; as, to defer the execution of a design.

When thou vowest a vow, defer not to pay it. Ecclesiastes 5.

Hope deferred maketh the heart sick. Proverbs 13.

2. To refer; to leave to another's judgment and determination.

Bacon.

[In this sense, refer is now used.]

Defer

DEFER', verb intransitive To yield to another's opinion; to submit in opinion; as, he defers to the opinion of his father.

Deference

DEF'ERENCE, noun A yielding in opinion; submission of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another. Hence, regard; respect. We often decline acting in opposition to those for whose wisdom we have a great deference.

2. Complaisance; condescension.

Locke.

3. Submission.

Addison.

Deferent

DEF'ERENT, adjective Bearing; carrying; conveying. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Deferent

DEF'ERENT, noun That which carries or conveys. The deferent of a planet, is an imaginary circle or orb in the Ptolemaic system, that is supposed to carry about the body of the planet.

Bailey.

2. A vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids.

Chambers.

Deferential

DEFEREN'TIAL, adjective Expressing deference.

Deferment

DEFER'MENT, noun Delay.

Suckling.

Deferrer

DEFER'RER, noun One who delays or puts off.

B. Jonson.

Deferring

DEFER'RING, participle of the present tense Delaying; postponing.

Defiance

DEFI'ANCE, noun [French, in a different sense. See Defy.]

1. A daring; a challenge to fight; invitation to combat; a call to an adversary to encounter, if he dare. Goliath bid defiance to the army of Israel.

2. A challenge to meet in any contest; a call upon one to make good any assertion or charge; an invitation to maintain any cause or point.

3. Contempt of opposition or danger; a daring or resistance that implies the contempt of an adversary, or of any opposing power. Men often transgress the law and act in defiance of authority.

Defiatory

DEFI'ATORY, adjective Bidding or bearing defiance.

Shelford.

Deficiency

DEFI'CIENCY, or DEFI'CIENCE, noun [Latin deficiens, from deficio, to fail; de and facio, to do.]

1. A failing; a falling short; imperfection; as a deficiency in moral duties.

2. Want; defect; something less than is necessary; as a deficiency of means; a deficiency of revenue; a deficiency of blood.

Deficient

DEFI'CIENT, adjective Wanting; defective; imperfect; not sufficient or adequate; as deficient estate; deficient strength.

2. Wanting; not having a full or adequate supply; as, the country may be deficient in the means of carrying on war.

Deficient numbers, in arithmetic, are those numbers, whose parts, added together, make less than the integer, whose parts they are.

Johnson.

Deficit

DEF'ICIT, noun Want; deficiency; as a deficit in the taxes or revenue.

Defier

DEFI'ER, noun [See Defy.] A challenger; one who dares to combat or encounter; one who braves; one who acts in contempt of opposition, law or authority; as a defier of the laws.

Defiguration

DEFIGURA'TION, noun A disfiguring. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Defigure

DEFIG'URE, verb transitive To delineate. [Not in use.]

Weever.

Defile

DEFI'LE, verb transitive [Saxon afylan, befylan, gefylan, afulan, from ful, fula, foul. See Foul. The Syriac is almost precisely the English word. Cast. 1553.]

1. To make unclean; to render foul or dirty; in a general sense.

2. To make impure; to render turbid; as, the water or liquor is defiled.

3. To soil or sully; to tarnish; as reputation, &c.

He is among the greatest prelates of the age, however his character may be defiled by dirty hands.

Swift.

They shall defile thy brightness. Ezekiel 28.

4. To pollute; to make ceremonially unclean.

That which dieth of itself, he shall not eat, to defile, himself therewith. Leviticus 22.

5. To corrupt chastity; to debauch; to violate; to tarnish the purity of character by lewdness.

Schechem defiled Dinah. Genesis 34.

6. To taint, in a moral sense; to corrupt; to vitiate; to render impure with sin.

Defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt. Ezekiel 20.

He hath defiled the sanctuary of the Lord. Numbers 19.

Defile

DEFI'LE, verb intransitive [French defiler; de and file, a row or line, from Latin filum, a thread.]

To march off in a line, or file by file; to file off.

Roscoe.

Defile

DEFI'LE, noun [French defilÃƒ-©, from fil, file, a thread, a line.]

A narrow passage or way, in which troops may march only in a file, or with a narrow front; a long narrow pass, as between hills, &c.

Defiled

DEFI'LED, participle passive Made dirty, or foul; polluted; soiled; corrupted; violated; vitiated.

Defilement

DEFI'LEMENT, noun The act of defiling, or state of being defiled; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness.

2. Corruption of morals, principles or character; impurity; pollution by sin.

The chaste cannot rake into such filth without danger of defilement.

Addison.

Defiler

DEFI'LER, noun One who defiles; one who corrupts or violates; that which pollutes.

Defiling

DEFI'LING, participle of the present tense Polluting; making impure.

2. Marching in a file, or with a narrow front.

Definable

DEFI'NABLE, adjective [See Define.] Literally, that may be limited, or have its limits ascertained. Hence, capable of having its extent ascertained with precision; capable of being fixed and determined. The extent of the Russian empire is hardly definable. The limits are hardly definable.

2. That may be defined or described; capable of having its signification rendered certain, or expressed with certainty or precision; as definable words.

3. That may be fixed, determined or ascertained; as, the time or period is not definable.

Define

DEFI'NE, verb transitive [Latin definio; de and finio, to end, to limit, from finis, end; French definir; Spanish definir; Italian definire.]

1. To determine or describe the end or limit; as, to define the extent of a kingdom or country.

2. To determine with precision; to ascertain; as, to define the limits of a kingdom.

3. To mark the limit; to circumscribe; to bound.

4. To determine or ascertain the extent of the meaning of a word; to ascertain the signification of a term; to explain what a word is understood to express; as, to define the words, virtue, courage, belief, or charity.

5. To describe; to ascertain or explain the distinctive properties or circumstances of a thing; as, to define a line or an angle.

Define

DEFI'NE, verb intransitive To determine; to decide. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Defined

DEFI'NED, participle passive Determined; having the extent ascertained; having the signification determined.

2. Having the precise limit marked, or having a determinate limit; as, the shadow of a body is well defined.

Definer

DEFI'NER, noun He who defines; he who ascertains or marks the limits; he who determines or explains the signification of a word, or describes the distinctive properties of a thing.

Defining

DEFI'NING, participle of the present tense Determining the limits; ascertaining the extent; explaining the meaning; describing the properties.

Definite

DEF'INITE, adjective [Latin definitus.] Having certain limits; bounded with precision; determinate; as a definite extent of land; definite dimensions; definite measure.

2. Having certain limits in signification; determinate; certain; precise; as a definite word, term or expression.

3. Fixed; determinate; exact; precise; as a definite time or period.

4. Defining; limiting; determining the extent; as a definite word.

Definite

DEF'INITE, noun Thing defined.

Ayliffe.

Definiteness

DEF'INITENESS, noun Certainty of extent; certainty of signification; determinateness.

Definition

DEFINI'TION, noun [Latin definitio. See Define.]

1. A brief description of a thing by its properties; as a definition of wit or of a circle.

2. In logic, the explication of the essence of a thing by its kind and difference.

3. In lexicography, an explanation of the signification of a word or term, or of what a word is understood to express.

Definitive

DEFIN'ITIVE, adjective [Latin definitivus.] Limiting the extent; determinate; positive; express; as a definitive term.

2. Limiting; ending; determining; final; opposed to conditional, provisional, or interlocutory; as a definitive sentence or decree.

Definitive

DEFIN'ITIVE, noun In grammar, an adjective used to define or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative or common noun. Such are the Greek,; the Latin hic, ille, ipse; the, this and that, in English; le, la, les, in French; il, la, lo, in Italian. Thus tree is an appellative or common noun; the tree, this tree, that tree, designate a particular tree, determinate or known. Homo signifies man; hic homo, ille homo, a particular man, &c. But in some languages, the definitives have lost their original use, in a great degree; as in the Greek and French. Thus ``La force de la vertu,' must be rendered in English, the force of virtue, not the force of the virtue. The first la is a definitive; the last has no definitive effect.

Definitively

DEFIN'ITIVELY, adverb Determinately; positively; expressly.

2. Finally; conclusively; unconditionally; as, the points between the parties are definitively settled.

Definitiveness

DEFIN'ITIVENESS, noun Determinateness; decisiveness; conclusiveness.

Defix

DEFIX', verb transitive [Latin defigo.] To fix; to fasten. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Deflagrability

DEFLAGRABIL'ITY, noun [See Deflagrate.] Combistibility; the quality of taking fire and burning away, as a metallic wire; a chimical term.

Boyle.

Deflagrable

DEFLA'GRABLE, adjective Combustible; having the quality of taking fire and burning, as alcohol, oils, &c.

Boyle.

Deflagrate

DEF'LAGRATE, verb transitive [Latin deflagro; de and flagro, to burn.]

To set fire to; to burn; to consume; as, to deflagrate oil or spirit.

Deflagration

DEFLAGRA'TION, noun A kindling or setting fire to a substance; burning; combustion.

The strength of spirit is proved by deflagration.

Encyc.

A rapid combustion of a mixture, attended with much evolution of flame and vapor, as of niter and charcoal.

Cyc.

This term is also applied to the rapid combustion of metals by galvanism.

Deflagrator

DEF'LAGRATOR, noun A galvanic instrument for producing combustion, particularly the combustion of metallic substances.

Hare.

Deflect

DEFLECT', verb intransitive [Latin deflecto; de and flecto, to turn or bend.]

To turn from or aside; to deviate from a true course or right line; to swerve.

The needle deflects from the meridian.

Brown.

Deflect

DEFLECT', verb transitive To turn aside; to turn or bend from a right line or regular course.

Deflected

DEFLECT'ED, participle passive Turned aside, or from a direct line or course. In botany, bending downward archwise.

Deflecting

DEFLECT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning aside; turning from a right line or regular course.

Deflection

DEFLEC'TION, noun Deviation; the act of turning aside; a turning from a true line or the regular course.

2. The departure of a ship from its true course.

3. A deviation of the rays of light towards the surface of an opake body; inflection.

Hooke.

Deflexure

DEFLEX'URE, noun A bending down; a turning aside; deviation.

Deflorate

DEF'LORATE, adjective [Latin defloratus, from defloro, to deflour; de and floreo, flos. See Flower.]

In botany, having cast its farin, pollen, or fecundating dust.

Martyn.

Defloration

DEFLORA'TION, noun [French See Deflour.]

1. The act of deflouring; the act of depriving of the flower or prime beauties; particularly, the act of taking away a woman's virginity.

2. A selection of the flower, or of that which is most valuable.

The laws of Normandy are, in a great measure, the defloration of the English laws.

Hale.

Deflour

DEFLOUR', verb transitive [Latin defloro; de and floreo, or flos, a flower; French deflorer; Italian deflorare, or defiorare; Spanish desflorar. See Flower.]

1. To deprive a woman of her virginity, either by force or with consent. When by force, it may be equivalent to ravish or violate.

2. To take away the prime beauty and grace of any thing.

The sweetness of his soul was defloured.

Taylor.

3. To deprive of flowers.

Montagu.

Defloured

DEFLOUR'ED, participle passive Deprived of maidenhood; ravished; robbed of prime beauty.

Deflourer

DEFLOUR'ER, noun One who deprives a woman of her virginity.

Deflouring

DEFLOUR'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving of virginity or maidenhood; robbing of prime beauties.

Deflow

DEFLOW, verb intransitive [Latin defluo.] To flow down. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Defluous

DEF'LUOUS, adjective [Latin defluus; de and fluo, to flow.] Flowing down; falling off. [Little used.]

Deflux

DEFLUX', noun [Latin defluxus; de and fluo, fluxus. See Flow.]

A flowing down; a running downward; as a deflux of humors. [See Defluxion.]

Bacon.

Defluxion

DEFLUX'ION, noun [Latin defluxio, from defluo, to flow down; de and fluo, to flow. See Flow.

1. A flowing, running or falling of humors or fluid matter, from a superior to an inferior part of the body; properly, an inflammation of a part, attended with increased secretion.

2. A discharge or flowing off of humors; as a defluxion from the nose or head in catarrh.

Defly

DEF'LY, adverb Dextrously; skilfully. obsolete [See Deft.]

Spenser.

Defoliation

DEFOLIA'TION, noun [Latin de and foliatio, foliage, from folium, a leaf, or folior. See Folio.]

Literally, the fall of the leaf or shedding of leaves; but technically, the time or season of shedding leaves in autumn; applied to trees and shrubs.

Linne.

Deforce

DEFO'RCE, verb transitive [de and force.] To disseize and keep out of lawful possession of an estate; to withhold the possession of an estate from the rightful owner; applied to any possessor whose entry was originally lawful, but whose detainer is become unlawful.

Blackstone.

Deforced

DEFO'RCED, participle passive Kept out of lawful possession.

Deforcement

DEFO'RCEMENT, noun The holding of lands or tenements to which another person has a right; a general term including abatement, intrusion, disseisin, discontinuance, or any other species of wrong, by which he that hath a right to the freehold is kept out of possession.

Blackstone.

2. In Scotland, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law.

Deforciant

DEFOR'CIANT, noun He that keeps out of possession the rightful owner of an estate; he against whom a fictitious action is brought in fine and recovery.

Blackstone.

Deforcing

DEFO'RCING, participle of the present tense Keeping out of lawful possession.

Deform

DEFORM', verb transitive [Latin deformo; de and forma, form; Spanish desformar; Italian deformare.]

1. To mar or injure the form; to alter that form or disposition of parts which is natural and esteemed beautiful, and thus to render it displeasing to the eye; to disfigure; as, a hump on the back deforms the body.

2. To render ugly or displeasing, by exterior applications or appendages; as, to deform the face by paint, or the person by unbecoming dress.

3. To render displeasing.

Wintry blasts deform the year.

Thomson.

4. To injure and render displeasing or disgusting; to disgrace; to disfigure moral beauty; as, all vices deform the character of rational beings.

5. To dishonor; to make ungraceful.

Dryden.

Deform

DEFORM', adjective [Latin deformis.] Disfigured; being of an unnatural, distorted, or disproportioned form; displeasing to the eye.

Spenser.

Sight so deform what heart of rock could long Dry-eyed behold?

Milton.

Deformation

DEFORMA'TION, noun A disfiguring or defacing.

Deformed

DEFORM'ED, participle passive Injured in the form; disfigured; distorted; ugly; wanting natural beauty, or symmetry.

2. Base; disgraceful.

B. Jonson.

Deformedly

DEFORM'EDLY, adverb In an ugly manner.

Deformedness

DEFORM'EDNESS, noun Ugliness; a disagreeable or unnatural form.

Deformer

DEFORM'ER, noun One who deforms.

Deforming

DEFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Marring the natural form or figure; rendering ugly or displeasing; destroying beauty.

Deformity

DEFORM'ITY, noun [Latin deformitas.] Any unnatural state of the shape or form; want of that uniformity or symmetry which constitutes beauty; distortion; irregularity of shape or features; disproportion of limbs; defect; crookedness, &c. Hence, ugliness; as bodily deformity.

2. Any thing that destroys beauty, grace or propriety; irregularity; absurdity; gross deviation from order, or the established laws of propriety. Thus we speak of deformity in an edifice, or deformity of character.

Deforser

DEFO'RSER, noun [from force.] One that casts out by force. [Ill formed and not in use.]

Blount.

Defraud

DEFRAUD', verb transitive [Latin defraudo; de and fraudo, to cheat, fraus, fraud; Italian defraudare; Spanish defraudar.]

1. To deprive of right, either by obtaining something by deception or artifice, or by taking something wrongfully without the knowledge or consent of the owner; to cheat; to cozen; followed by of before the thing taken; as, to defraud a man of his right.

We have corrupted no man, we have defrauded no man. 2 Corinthians 7.

The agent who embezzles public property, defrauds the state.

The man who by deception obtains a price for a commodity above its value, defrauds the purchaser.

2. To withhold wrongfully from another what is due to him. Defraud not the hireling of his wages.

3. To prevent one wrongfully from obtaining what he may justly claim.

A man of fortune who permits his son to consume the season of education in hunting, shooting, or in frequenting horse-races, assemblies, &c., defrauds the community of a benefactor, and bequeaths them a nuisance.

Paley.

4. To defeat or frustrate wrongfully.

By the duties desertedÃ‚--by the claims defrauded.

Paley.

Defrauded

DEFRAUD'ED, participle passive Deprived of property or right by trick, artifice or deception; injured by the withholding of what is due.

Defrauder

DEFRAUD'ER, noun One who defrauds; one who takes from another his right by deception, or withholds what is his due; a cheat; a cozener; an embezzler; a peculator.

Defrauding

DEFRAUD'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving another of his property or right by deception or artifice; injuring by withholding wrongfully what is due.

Defraudment

DEFRAUD'MENT, noun The act of defrauding.

Milton.

Defray

DEFRA'Y, verb transitive [French defrayer; de and frais, fraix, expense; Armoric defraei.]

1. To pay; to discharge, as cost or expense; to bear, as charge, cost or expense. It is followed chiefly by expense, charge or cost. The acquisitions of war seldom defray the expenses. The profits of a voyage will not always defray the charges, or even the cost of the first outfits.

2. To satisfy; as, to defray anger. Obs.

Spenser.

3. To fill; as, to defray a bottle. Obs.

Spenser.

Defrayed

DEFRA'YED, participle passive Paid; discharged; as expense, or cost.

Defrayer

DEFRA'YER, noun One who pays or discharges expenses.

Defraying

DEFRA'YING, participle of the present tense Paying; discharging.

Defrayment

DEFRA'YMENT, noun Payment.

Shelton.

Deft

DEFT, adjective [Saxon doeft.] Neat; handsome; spruce; ready; dextrous; fit; convenient. Obs.

Shak. Dryden.

Deftly

DEFT'LY, adverb Neatly; dextrously; in a skilful manner. Obs.

Shak. Gray.

Deftness

DEFT'NESS, noun Neatness; beauty. Obs.

Drayton.

Defunct

DEFUNCT', adjective [Latin defunctus, from defungor, to perform and discharge; de and fungor, id.] Having finished the course of life; dead; deceased.

Shak.

Defunct

DEFUNCT', noun A dead person; one deceased.

Shak.

Defunction

DEFUNC'TION, noun Death. [Not used.]

Shak.

Defy

DEFY', verb transitive [French defier; de, des, from, and fier, to trust; Italian sfidare; Spanish desafiar; des and fiar; Portugese id.; Armoric difyal; Low Latin diffidare, and diffiduciare, from fido, to trust. See Faith. The word diffidare seems originally to have signified, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the lord and his vassal; opposed to affidare. Spelman, ad voc. Hence it came to be used for the denunciation of enmity and of war. Hence, to challenge. If we understand defier to signify to distrust, then to defy is to call in question the courage of another, according to the popular phrase, ``you dare not fight me.']

1. To dare; to provoke to combat or strife, by appealing to the courage of another; to invite one to contest; to challenge; as, Goliath defied the armies of Israel.

2. To dare; to brave; to offer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a contempt of opposition, attack or hostile force; as, to defy the arguments of an opponent; to defy the power of the magistrate.

Were we to abolish the common law, it would rise triumphant above its own ruins, deriding and defying its impotent enemies.

Duponceau.

3. To challenge to say or do any thing.

Defy

DEFY', noun A challenge. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Defyer

DEFY'ER. [See Defier.]

Degarnish

DEG`ARNISH, verb transitive [French degarnir; de and garnir, to furnish. See Garnish.]

1. To unfurnish; to strip of furniture, ornaments or appartus.

2. To deprive of a garrison, or troops necessary for defense; as, to degarnish a city or fort. Washington's Letter. Nov. 11. 1778.

Degarnished

DEG`ARNISHED, participle passive Stripped of furniture or apparatus; deprived of troops for defense.

Degarnishing

DEG`ARNISHING, participle of the present tense Stripping of furniture, dress, apparatus or a garrison.

Degarnishment

DEG`ARNISHMENT, noun The act of depriving of furniture, apparatus or a garrison.

Degender

DEGEN'DER, verb intransitive To degenerate. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Degeneracy

DEGEN'ERACY, noun [See Degenerate, the Verb.]

1. A growing worse or inferior; a decline in good qualities; or a state of being less valuable; as the degeneracy of a plant.

2. In morals, decay of virtue; a growing worse; departure from the virtues of ancestors; desertion of that which is good. We speak of the degeneracy of men in modern times, or of the degeneracy of manners, of the age, of virtue, &c., sometimes without reason.

3. Poorness; meanness; as a degeneracy of spirit.

Degenerate

DEGEN'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin degenero, from degener, grown worse, ignoble, base; de and gener, genus; French degenerer; Spanish degenerar.]

1. To become worse; to decay in good qualities; to pass from a good to a bad or worse state; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable qualities, either in the natural or moral world. In the natural world, plants and animals degenerate when they grow to a less size than usual, or lose a part of the valuable qualities which belong to the species. In the moral world, men degenerate when they decline in virtue, or other good qualities. Manners degenerate when they become corrupt. Wit may degenerate into indecency or impiety.

Degenerate

DEGEN'ERATE, adjective Having fallen from a perfect or good state into a less excellent or worse state; having lost something of the good qualities possessed; having declined in natural or moral worth.

The degenerate plant of a strange vine. Jeremiah 2.

2. Low; base; mean; corrupt; fallen from primitive or natural excellence; having lost the good qualities of the species. Man is considered a degenerate being. A coward is a man of degenerate spirit.

Degenerately

DEGEN'ERATELY, adverb In a degenerate or base manner.

Milton.

Degenerateness

DEGEN'ERATENESS, noun A degenerate state; a state in which the natural good qualities of the species are decayed or lost.

Degeneration

DEGENERA'TION, noun A growing worse, or losing of good qualities; a decline from the virtue and worth of ancestors; a decay of the natural good qualities of the species; a falling from a more excellent state to one of less worth, either in the natural or moral world.

2. The thing degenerated.

Brown.

Degenerous

DEGEN'EROUS, adjective Degenerated; fallen from a state of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors. Hence,

2. Low; base; mean; unworthy; as a degenerous passion.

Dryden.

Degenerously

DEGEN'EROUSLY, adverb In a degenerous manner; basely; meanly.

Deglutinate

DEGLU'TINATE, verb transitive [Latin deglutino; de and glutino, to glue. See Glue.]

To unglue; to loosen or separate substances glued together.

Scott.

Degluttion

DEGLUT'TION, noun [Latin deglutio, to swallow; de and glutio. See Glutton.]

1. The act of swallowing; as, deglutition is difficult.

2. The power of swallowing; as, deglutition is lost.

Degradation

DEGRADA'TION, noun [French See Degrade.]

1. A reducing in rank; the act of depriving one of a degree of honor, of dignity, or of rank; also, deposition; removal or dismission from office; as the degradation of a peer of a knight, or of a bishop, in England.

2. The state of being reduced from an elevated or more honorable station, to one that is low in fact or in estimation; baseness; degeneracy.

Deplorable is the degradation of our nature.

South.

3. Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy or value.

4. In painting, a lessening and obscuring of the appearance of distant objects in a landscape, that they may appear as they would do to an eye placed at a distance.

Johnson. Encyc.

5. Diminution; reduction of altitude or magnitude.

Journ. of Science.

Degrade

DEGRA'DE, verb transitive [French degrader; Spanish Portugese degradur; Italian degradare; Latin de and gradus, a step, a degree. See Grade.]

1. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree; to deprive one of any office or dignity, by which he loses rank in society; to strip of honors; as, to degrade a nobleman, an archbishop or a general officer.

2. To reduce in estimation; to lessen the value of; to lower; to sink. Vice degrades a man in the view of others; often in his own view. Drunkenness degrades a man to the level of a beast.

3. To reduce in altitude or magnitude.

Although the ridge is still there, the ridge itself has been degraded.

Journ. of Science.

Degraded

DEGRA'DED, participle passive Reduced in rank; deprived of an office or dignity; lowered; sunk; reduced in estimation or value.

Degradement

DEGRA'DEMENT, noun Deprivation of rank or office.

Milton.

Degrading

DEGRA'DING, participle of the present tense Reducing in rank; depriving of honors of offices; reducing in value or estimation; lowering.

2. adjective Dishonoring; disgracing the character; as degrading obsequiousness.

The inordinate love of money and of fame are base and degrading passions.

Wirt.

Degradingly

DEGRA'DINGLY, adverb In a degrading manner, or in a way to depreciate.

Degree

DEGREE', noun [French degrÃƒ-©; Norm. degret; from Latin gradus, Spanish and Italiangrado, Welsh rhaz, Syriac,; radah to go. See Grade and Degrade.]

1. A step; a distinct portion of space of indefinite extent; a space in progression; as, the army gained the hill by degrees; a balloon rises or descends by slow degrees; and figuratively, we advance in knowledge by slow degrees. Men are yet in the first degree of improvement. It should be their aim to attain to the furthest degree, or the highest degree. There are degrees of vice and virtue.

2. A step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, dignity or rank; as a man of great degree.

Spenser.

We speak of men of high degree, or of low degree; of superior or inferior degree. It is supposed there are different degrees or orders of angels.

They purchase to themselves a good degree. 1 Timothy 3.

3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood; as a relation in the third or fourth degree.

4. Measure; extent. The light is intense to a degree that is intolerable. We suffer an extreme degree of heat or cold.

5. In geometry, a division of a circle, including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its circumference. Hence a degree of latitude is the 360th part of the earth's surface north or south of the equator, and a degree of longitude, the same part of the surface east or west of any given meridian.

6. In music, an interval of sound, marked by a line on the scale.

Rousseau. Busby.

7. In arithmetic, a degree consists of three figures; thus, 270, 360, compose two degrees.

8. A division, space or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument; as on a thermometer, or barometer.

9. In colleges and universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students, as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences; giving them a kind of rank, and entitling them to certain privileges. This is usually evidenced by a diploma. Degrees are conferred pro meritis on the alumni of a college; or they are honorary tokens of respect, conferred on strangers of distinguished reputation. The first degree is that of Bachelor of Arts; the second, that of Master of Arts. Honorary degrees are those of Doctor of Divinity, Doctor of Laws, &c. Physicians also receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine.

By degrees, step by step; gradually; by little and little; by moderate advances. Frequent drinking forms by degrees a confirmed habit of intemperance.

Degustation

DEGUSTA'TION, noun [Latin degusto.] A tasting.

Bp. Hall.

Dehiscence

DEHIS'CENCE, noun [Latin dehiscens, dehisco, to gape; de and hisco, id.]

A gaping. In botany, the opening of capsules; the season when capsules open.

Martyn.

Dehiscent

DEHIS'CENT, adjective Opening, as the capsule of a plant.

Eaton.

Dehort

DEHORT', verb transitive [Latin dehortor, to dissuade; de and hortor, to advise.]

To dissuade; to advise to the contrary; to counsel not to do nor to undertake.

Wilkins. Ward.

Dehortation

DEHORTA'TION, noun Dissuasion; advice or counsel against something.

Dehortatory

DEHORT'ATORY, adjective Dissuading; belonging to dissuasion.

Dehorter

DEHORT'ER, noun A dissuader; an adviser to the contrary.

Dehorting

DEHORT'ING, participle of the present tense Dissuading.

Deicide

DE'ICIDE, noun [Italian deicidio; Latin deus, God, and cedo, to slay.]

1. The act of putting to death Jesus Christ, our Savior.

Prior.

2. One concerned in putting christ to death.

Deific

DEIF'IC, adjective [Latin deus, god, and facio, to make.] Diving; pertaining to the gods.

Trans. of Pausanias.

2. Making divine.

Deification

DEIFICA'TION, noun [See Deify.] The act of deifying; the act of exalting to the rank of, or enrolling among the heathen deities.

Deified

DE'IFIED, participle passive Exalted or ranked among the gods; regarded or praised as divine.

Deifier

DE'IFIER, noun One that deifies.

Deiform

DE'IFORM, adjective [Latin deus, a god, and forma, form.] Like a god; of a godlike form.

These souls exhibit a deiform power.

Trans. of Pausanias.

Deify

DE'IFY, verb transitive [Latin deus, a god, and facio, to make.]

1. To make a god; to exalt to the rank of a heathen deity; to enroll among the deities; as, Julius Cesar was deified.

2. To exalt into an object of worship; to treat as an object of supreme regard; as, a covetous man deifies his treasures.

Prior.

3. To exalt to a deity in estimation; to reverence or praise as a deity.

The pope was formerly extolled and deified by his votaries.

Deifying

DE'IFYING, participle of the present tense Exalting to the rank of deity; treating as divine.

Deign

DEIGN, v. i. dane. [French daigner; Italian degnare; Spanish dignarse; Portugese id.; Latin dignor, from dignus, worthy.]

To think worthy; to vouchsafe; to condescend.

O deign to visit our forsaken seats.

Pope.

Deign

DEIGN, v. t. dane. To grant or allow; to condescend to give to.

Nor would we deign him burial of his men.

Shak.

Deigning

DEIGNING, participle of the present tense da'ning. Vouchsafing; thinking worthy.

Deintegrate

DEIN'TEGRATE, verb transitive To disintegrate. [Not used. See Disintegrate.]

Deiparous

DEIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin deiparus.] Bearing or bringing forth a god; an epithet applied to the Virgin Mary.

Deipnosophist

DEIPNOSOPH'IST, noun [Greek, a feast, and, a sophist.]

One of an ancient sect of philosophers, who were famous for their learned conversation at meals.

Ash. Observer.

Deism

DE'ISM, noun [French deisme; Spanish deismo; Italian id.; from Latin deus, God.]

The doctrine or creed of a deist; the belief or system of religious opinions of those who acknowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation: or deism is the belief in natural religion only, or those truths, in doctrine and practice, which man is to discover by the light of reason, independent and exclusive of any revelation from God. Hence deism implies infidelity or a disbelief in the divine origin of the scriptures.

The view which the rising greatness of our country presents to my eyes, is greatly tarnished by the general prevalence of deism, which, with me, is but another name for vice and depravity.

P. Henry, Wirt's Sketches.

Deist

DE'IST, noun [French deiste; Italian deista] One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed religion; one who professes no form of religion, but follows the light of nature and reason, as his only guides in doctrine and practice; a freethinker.

Deistic

DEIST'IC, or DEIST'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to deism or to deists; embracing deism, as a deistical writer; or containing deism, as a deistical book.

Deity

DE'ITY, noun [French dÃƒ-© Italian deitÃƒ-  Spanish deidad; Latin deitas, from deus, Greek, God; Welsh duw; Irish dia; Armoricdoue; French dieu; Italian dio, iddio; Spanish dios; Portugese deos; Gypsey, dewe, dewel; Sanscrit deva. The latter orthography coincides with the Greek, Jupiter, and Latin divus, a god, and dium, the open air, or light. So in Welsh dyw, is day; Hindoo, diw; Gypsey diwes, day. Qu. Chinese Ti. The word is probably contracted from dg, and may coincide with day, Saxon dog, the primary sense of which is to open, expand, or to shoot forth, as the morning light. But the precise primary meaning is not certain.]

1. Godhead; divinity; the nature and essence of the Supreme Being as, the deity of the Supreme Being is manifest in his works.

2. God; the Supreme Being, or infinite self-existing Spirit.

3. A fabulous god or goddess; a superior being supposed, by heathen nations, to exist, and to preside over particular departments of nature; as Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, &c.

4. The supposed divinity or divine qualities of a pagan god.

Spenser. Raleigh.

Deject

DEJECT', verb transitive [Latin dejicio; de and jacio, to throw.]

1. To cast down; usually, to cast down the countenance; to cause to fall with grief; to make to look sad or grieved, or to express discouragement.

But gloomy were his eyes, dejected was his face.

Dryden.

2. To depress the spirits; to sink; to dispirit; to discourage; to dishearten.

Nor think to die dejects my lofty mind.

Pope.

Deject

DEJECT', adjective [Latin dejectus, from dejicio.] Cast down; low-spirited.

Shak.

Dejected

DEJECT'ED, participle passive Cast down; depressed; grieved; discouraged.

Dejectedly

DEJECT'EDLY, adverb In a dejected manner; sadly; heavily.

Bacon.

Dejectedness

DEJECT'EDNESS, noun The state being cast down; lowness of spirits.

Dejecting

DEJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Casting down; depressing; dispiriting.

Dejection

DEJEC'TION, noun A casting down; depression of mind; melancholy; lowness of spirits, occasioned by grief or misfortune.

Milton.

2. Weakness; as dejection of appetite. [Unusual.]

Arbuthnot.

3. The act of voiding the excrements; or the matter ejected.

Ray.

Dejectly

DEJECT'LY, adverb In a downcast manner.

Dejectory

DEJECT'ORY, adjective Having power or tending to cast down, or to promote evacuations by stool.

Ferrand.

Dejecture

DEJECT'URE, noun That which is ejected; excrements.

Arbuthnot.

Delacrymation

DELACRYMA'TION, noun [Latin delacrymatio; de and lacrymatio, a weeping.]

A preternatural discharge of watery humors from the eyes; waterishness of the eyes.

Dict.

Delactation

DELACTA'TION, noun [Latin delactatio.] A weaning. [Not used.]

Dict.

Delapsation

DELAPSA'TION, noun A falling down.

Ray.

Delapse

DELAPSE, v. i. delaps'. [Latin delabor, delapsus; de and labor, to slide.] To fall or slide down.

Delapsion

DELAP'SION, noun A falling down of the uterus, anus, &c.

Delapsed

DELAPS'ED, participle passive Fallen down.

Delate

DELA'TE, verb transitive [Latin delatus; de and latus, part of fero, to bear.]

1. To carry; to convey. [Little used.]

Bacon.

2. To accuse; to inform against; that is, to bear a charge against.

B. Jonson.

Delation

DELA'TION, noun Carriage; conveyance; as the delation of sound. [Little used.]

Bacon.

2. Accusation; art of charging with a crime; a term of the civil law.

Delator

DELA'TOR, noun [Latin] An accuser; an informer.

Sandys.

Delay

DELA'Y, verb transitive [French delai, delay; Spanish dilatar, Portugese id., to delay; Italian dilata, delay; dilatare, to dilate, to spread; from Latin dilatus, differo. We see that delay is from spreading, extending. See Dilate.]

1. To prolong the time of acting, or proceeding; to put off; to defer.

My lord delayeth his coming. Matthew 24.

2. To retard; to stop, detain or hinder for a time; to restrain motion, or render it slow; as, the mail is delayed by bad roads.

Thyrsis, whose artful strains have oft delayed

The hudding brook to hear his madrigal.

Milton.

3. To allay. [Not in use, nor proper.]

Spenser.

Delay

DELA'Y, verb intransitive To linger; to move slow; or to stop for a time.

There are certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession of ideas, beyond which they can neither delay nor hasten.

Locke.

Delay

DELA'Y, noun A lingering; stay; stop.

2. A putting off or deferring; procrastination; as, the delay of trial is not to be imputed to the plaintiff.

3. Hinderance for a time.

Delayed

DELA'YED, participle passive Deferred; detained; hindered for a time; retarded.

Delayer

DELA'YER, noun One who defers; one who lingers.

Delaying

DELA'YING, participle of the present tense Putting off; deferring; procrastinating; retarding; detaining.

Delayment

DELA'YMENT, noun Hinderance.

Gower.

Dele

DE'LE, verb transitive [Latin imperative of deleo.] Blot out; erase.

Deleble

DEL'EBLE, adjective [Latin delebilis.] That can be blotted out.

More.

Delectable

DELEC'TABLE, adjective [Latin delectabilis, from delector, to delight. See Delight.]

Delightful; highly pleasing; that gives great joy or pleasure; as a delectable garden.

Milton.

Delectableness

DELEC'TABLENESS. noun Delightfulness.

Barret.

Delectably

DELEC'TABLY, adverb Delightfully.

Delectation

DELECTA'TION, noun Great pleasure; delight.

More.

Delegacy

DEL'EGACY, noun A number of persons delegated.

Laud.

[We now use delegation.]

Delegate

DEL'EGATE, verb transitive [Latin delego; de and lego, to send. See Legate.]

1. To send away; appropriately, to send on an embassy; to send with power to transact business, as a representative. The President delegated three commissioners to the court of St. Cloud.

2. To entrust; to commit; to deliver to another's care and exercise; as, to delegate authority or power to an envoy, representative or judge.

Delegate

DEL'EGATE, noun A person appointed and sent by another with powers to transact business as his representative; a deputy; a commissioner; a vicar. In the United States, a person elected or appointed to represent a state or a district, in the Congress, or in a Convention for forming or altering a constitution.

2. In Great Britain, a commissioner appointed by the king, under the great seal, to hear and determine appeals from the ecclesiastical court. Hence the Court of Delegates is the great court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes. It is used also for the court of appeals from that of the admiralty.

Blackstone.

3. A layman appointed to attend an ecclesiastical council.

Delegate

DEL'EGATE, adjective Deputed; sent to act for or represent another; as a delegate judge.

Taylor.

Delegated

DEL'EGATED, participle passive Deputed; sent with a trust or commission to act for another; appointed a judge; committed, as authority.

Delegating

DEL'EGATING, participle of the present tense Deputing; sending with a commission to act for another; appointing; committing; entrusting.

Delegation

DELEGA'TION, noun A sending away; the act of putting in commission, or investing with authority to act for another; the appointment of a delegate.

Burke.

The duties of religion cannot be performed by delegation.

S. Miler.

2. The persons deputed to act for another, or for others. Thus, the representatives of Massachusetts in Congress are called the delegation, or whole delegation.

3. In the civil law, the assignment of a debt to another, as when a debtor appoints his debtor to answer to the creditor in his place.

Delete

DELE'TE, verb transitive [Latin deleo.] To blot out. [Not used.]

Fuller.

Deleterious

DELETE'RIOUS, adjective [Latin deletrius, from deleo, to blot out or destroy, Welsh dilÃƒ-«aw, dilÃƒ-«u. Qu. Irish dallaim, to blind.]

1. Having the quality of destroying, or extinguishing life; destructive; poisonous; as a deleterious plant or quality.

2. Injurious; pernicious.

Deletery

DEL'ETERY, adjective Destructive; poisonous.

Hudibras.

Deletion

DELE'TION, noun [Latin deletio, from deleo, to blot out.]

1. The act of blotting out or erasing.

2. Destruction. [Little used.]

Deletory

DEL'ETORY, noun That which blots out.

Taylor.

Delf

DELF, noun [Saxon delfan, to delve, to dig.] A mine; a quarry; a pit dug. [Rarely used.]

Ray.

2. Earthern ware, covered with enamel or white glazing in imitation of China ware or porcelain, made at Delft in Holland; properly, Delft-ware.

Delibate

DEL'IBATE, verb transitive [Latin delibo; de. and libo, to taste.] To taste; to take a sip. [Little used.]

Delibation

DELIBA'TION, noun A taste; an essay. [Little used.]

Berkeley.

Deliberate

DELIB'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin delibero; de and libro, to weigh, Italian librare. See Librate.]

To weigh in the mind; to consider and examine the reasons for and against a measure; to estimate the weight or force of arguments, or the probable consequences of a measure, in order to a choice or decision; to pause and consider. A wise prince will deliberate before he wages war.

The woman that deliberates is lost.

Addison.

Deliberate

DELIB'ERATE, verb transitive To balance in the mind; to weigh; to consider.

Laud.

Deliberate

DELIB'ERATE, adjective Weighing facts and arguments with a view to a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; circumspect; slow in determining; applied to persons; as a deliberate judge or counselor.

2. Formed with deliberation; well advised or considered; not sudden or rash; as a deliberate opinion; a deliberate measure, or result.

3. Slow; as a deliberate death or echo. [Hardly legitimate.]

Bacon.

Deliberately

DELIB'ERATELY, adverb With careful consideration, or deliberation; circumspectly; not hastily or rashly; slowly. This purpose was deliberately formed.

Dryden. Goldsmith.

Deliberateness

DELIB'ERATENESS, noun Calm consideration; circumspection; due attention to the arguments for and against a measure; caution.

K. Charles.

Deliberation

DELIBERA'TION, [Latin deliberatio.] The act of deliberating; the act of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; consideration. We say, a measure has been taken with deliberation.

2. Mutual discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure; as the deliberations of a legislative body or council.

Deliberative

DELIB'ERATIVE, adjective Pertaining to deliberation; proceeding or acting by deliberation, or by mutual discussion and examination; as, the legislature is a deliberative body.

2. Having a right or power to deliberate or discuss.

In councils, the bishops have a deliberative voice.

Encyc.

3. Apt or disposed to consider.

Bp. Barlow.

Deliberative

DELIB'ERATIVE, noun A discourse in which a question is discussed or weighed and examined. A kind of rhetoric employed in proving a thing and convincing others of its truth, in order to persuade them to adopt it.

Encyc.

Deliberatively

DELIB'ERATIVELY, adverb By deliberation.

Burke.

Delicacy

DEL'ICACY, noun [French delicatesse; Spanish delicadeza; Italian delicatezza; but more directly from delicate, which see.]

In a general sense, that which delights or pleases. Hence,

1. Fineness of texture; smoothness; softness; tenderness; as the delicacy of the skin; and nearly in the same sense, applicable to food; as the delicacy of flesh, meat or vegetables. Hence,

2. Daintiness; pleasantness to the taste.

3. Elegant or feminine beauty; as delicacy of form.

4. Nicety; minute accuracy; as the delicacy of coloring in painting.

5. Neatness in dress; elegance proceeding from a nice selection and adjustment of the several parts of dress.

Spectator.

6. Softness of manners; civility or politeness proceeding from a nice observance of propriety, and a desire to please; as delicacy of behavior.

7. Indulgence; gentle treatment; as delicacy of education.

8. Tenderness; scrupulousness; the quality manifested in nice attention to right, and care to avoid wrong, or offense.

Bp. Taylor.

9. Acute or nice perception of what is pleasing to the sense of tasting; hence figuratively, a nice perception of beauty and deformity, or the faculty of such nice perception.

Delicacy of taste tends to invigorate the social affections, and moderate those that are selfish.

Kames.

10. That which delights the senses, particularly the taste; applied to eatables; as, the peach is a great delicacy.

11. Tenderness of constitution; weakness; that quality or state of the animal body which renders it very impressible to injury; as delicacy of constitution or frame.

12. Smallness; fineness; slenderness; tenuity; as the delicacy of a thread, or fiber.

13. Tenderness; nice susceptibility of impression; as delicacy of feeling.

Delicate

DEL'ICATE, adjective [French delicat; Spanish delicado; Italian delicato; Latin delicatus, connected with delicioe, delight, delecto, to delight; probably a compound of de, with the root of like. See Delight and Like.]

1. Of a fine texture; fine; soft; smooth; clear, or fair; as a delicate skin.

2. Nice; pleasing to the taste; of an agreeable flavor; as delicate food; a delicate dish.

3. Nice in perception of what is agreeable; dainty; as a delicate taste; and figuratively, nice and discriminating in beauty and deformity.

4. Nice; accurate; fine; soft to the eye; as a delicate color.

5. Nice in forms; regulated by minute observance of propriety, or by condescension and attention to the wishes and feelings of others; as delicate behavior or manners; a delicate address.

6. Pleasing to the senses; as a delicate flavor.

7. Fine; slender; minute; as a delicate thread.

8. That cannot be handled without injury or danger; that must be touched with care; as a delicate point or topic; a delicate question.

9. Composed of fine threads, or nicely interwoven; as delicate texture; hence, soft and smooth to the touch; as delicate silk.

10. Tender; effeminate; not able to endure hardship; very impressible to injury; as a delicate frame or constitution.

11. Feeble; not sound or robust; as delicate health.

Delicate

DEL'ICATE, noun Any thing nice; a nicety.

Obs. Jeremiah 51:34.

Dryden.

Delicately

DELI'CATELY, adverb In a delicate manner; with nice regard to propriety and the feelings of others.

2. Daintily; luxuriously.

They that live delicately are in kings' courts. Luke 7.

3. With soft elegance; as an expression delicately turned.

4. Tenderly; with indulgence in ease, elegance and luxury. Proverbs 29.

Delicateness

DEL'ICATENESS, noun The state of being delicate; tenderness; softness; effeminacy. Deuteronomy 28.

Delicious

DELI'CIOUS, adjective [French delicieux; Latin delicatus, delicioe; Spanish delicioso; Italian delizioso.]

1. Highly pleasing to the taste; most sweet or grateful to the senses; affording exquisite pleasure; as a delicious viand; delicious fruit or wine.

2. Most pleasing to the mind; very grateful; yielding exquisite delight; as, this poem affords a delicious entertainment.

Deliciously

DELI'CIOUSLY, adverb In a delicious manner; in a manner to please the taste or gratify the mind; sweetly; pleasantly; delightfully; as, to feed deliciously; to be deliciously entertained.

Deliciousness

DELI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being delicious, or very grateful to the taste or mind; as the deliciousness of a repast.

2. Delight; great pleasure.

Deligation

DELIGA'TION, noun [Latin deligatio, deligo; de and ligo, to bind.] In surgery, a binding up; a bandaging.

Delight

DELI'GHT, n. deli'te. [French delice; Spanish delicia; Italian delizia; Latin delicioe, connected with delector; probably allied to like.]

1. A high degree of pleasure, or satisfaction of mind; joy.

His delight is in the law of the Lord. Psalm 1.

2. That which gives great pleasure; that which affords delight.

Titus was the delight of human kind.

Dryden.

I was daily his delight. Proverbs 8.

Delight is a more permanent pleasure than joy, and not dependent on sudden excitement.

Delight

DELI'GHT, verb transitive [Spanish deleytar; Portugese deleitar; Latin delecter. French detecter. See Delight and Like.]

1. To affect with great pleasure; to please highly; to give or afford high satisfaction or joy; as, a beautiful landscape delights the eye; harmony delights the ear; the good conduct of children, and especially their piety, delights their parents.

I will delight myself in thy statutes. Psalm 119.

2. To receive great pleasure in.

I delight to do thy will. Psalm 40.

Delight

DELI'GHT, verb intransitive To have or take great pleasure; to be greatly pleased or rejoiced; followed by in.

I delight in the law of God after the inward man. Romans 7.

Delighted

DELI'GHTED, participle passive Greatly pleased; rejoiced; followed by with.

That ye may be delighted with the abundance of her glory. Isaiah 66.

2. adjective Full of delight.

Shak.

Delighter

DELI'GHTER, noun One who takes delight.

Barrow.

Delightful

DELI'GHTFUL, adjective Highly pleasing; affording great pleasure and satisfaction; as a delightful thought; a delightful prospect.

Delightfully

DELI'GHTFULLY, adverb In a manner to receive great pleasure; very agreeably; as, we were delightfully employed, or entertained.

2. In a delightful manner; charmingly; in a manner to afford great pleasure; as, the lady sings and plays delightfully.

Delightfulness

DELI'GHTFULNESS, noun The quality of being delightful, or of affording great pleasure; as the delightfulness of a prospect, or of scenery.

2. Great pleasure; delight. [Less proper.]

Delightless

DELI'GHTLESS, adjective Affording no pleasure or delight.

Thomson.

Delightsome

DELI'GHTSOME, adjective Very pleasing; delightful.

Grew.

Delightsomely

DELI'GHTSOMELY, adverb Very pleasantly; in a delightful manner.

Delightsomeness

DELI'GHTSOMENESS, noun Delightfulness; pleasantness in a high degree.

Delineament

DELIN'EAMENT, noun [infra.] Representation by delineation.

Selden.

Delineate

DELIN'EATE, verb transitive [Latin delineo; de and lineo, from linea, a line.]

1. To draw the lines which exhibit the form of a thing; to mark out with lines; to make a draught; to sketch or design; as, to delineate the form of the earth, or a diagram.

2. To paint; to represent in picture; to draw a likeness of; as, to delineate Nestor like Adonis, or time with Absalom's head.

Brown.

3. Figuratively, to describe; to represent to the mind or understanding; to exhibit a likeness in words; as to delineate the character of Newton, or the virtue of Aristides.

Delineated

DELIN'EATED, participle passive Drawn; marked with lines exhibiting the form or figure; sketched; designed; painted; described.

Delineating

DELIN'EATING, participle of the present tense Drawing the form; sketching; painting; describing.

Delineation

DELINEA'TION, noun [Latin delineatio.] First draught of a thing; outline; representation of a form or figure by lines; sketch; design.

2. Representation in words; description; as the delineation of a character.

Delineature

DELIN'EATURE, noun Delineation. [Not in use.]

Deliniment

DELIN'IMENT, noun [Latin delinimentum.]

Mitigation. [Not used.]

Delinquency

DELIN'QUENCY, noun [Latin delinquo, to fail or omit duty; de and linquo, to leave.]

Failure or omission of duty; a fault; a misdeed; and positively, an offense; a crime. It is particularly, but not exclusively applied to neglect of duty in officers of public trust.

Delinquent

DELIN'QUENT, adjective Failing in duty; offending by neglect of duty.

Delinquent

DELIN'QUENT, noun One who fails to perform his duty, particularly a public officer who neglects his duty; an offender; one who commits a fault or crime.

A delinquent ought to be cited in the place or jurisdiction where the delinquency was committed.

Ayliffe.

Deliquate

DEL'IQUATE, verb transitive or i. [Latin deliqueo, to melt.] To melt or be dissolved. [See Deliquesce and Deliquiate.]

Deliquation

DELIQUA'TION, noun A melting. [See Deliquescence and Deliquiation.]

Deliquesce

DELIQUESCE, v. i. deliques'. [Latin deliquesco, to melt; de and liquesco, from liqueo, to melt or become soft. See Liquid.]

To melt gradually and become liquid by attracting and absorbing moisture from the air; as certain salts, acids and alkalies.

Deliquescence

DELIQUES'CENCE, noun Spontaneous liquefaction in the air; a gradual melting or becoming liquid by absorption of water from the atmosphere.

Fourcroy.

Deliquescent

DELIQUES'CENT, adjective Liquefying in the air; capable of attracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid; as deliquescent salts.

Fourcroy.

Deliquiate

DELIQ'UIATE, verb intransitive [See Deliquate.] To melt and become liquid by imbibing water from the air. [See Deliquesce.]

Fourcroy.

Deliquiation

DELIQUIA'TION, noun A melting by attracting water from the air.

Deliquium

DELIQ'UIUM, noun [Latin] In chimistry, a melting or dissolution in the air, or in a moist place.

Encyc.

2. A liquid state; as, a salt falls into a deliquium.

Fourcroy.

3. In medicine, a swooning or fainting; called also syncope.

Encyc. Coxe.

Delirament

DELIR'AMENT, noun A wandering of the mind; foolish fancy. [Little used.]

Delirious

DELIR'IOUS, adjective [Latin delirus. See Delirium.] Roving in mind; light-headed; disordered in intellect; having ideas that are wild, irregular and unconnected.

Deliriousness

DELIR'IOUSNESS, noun The state of being delirious; delirium.

Johnson.

Delirium

DELIR'IUM, noun [Latin from deliro, to wander in mind, to rave; de and liro, to make balks in plowing, that is, to err, wander, miss.]

A state in which the ideas of a person are wild, irregular and unconnected, or do not correspond with the truth or with external objects; a roving or wandering of the mind; disorder of the intellect. Fevers often produce delirium.

An alienation of mind connected with fever.

Cyc.

Symptomatic derangement, or that which is dependent on some other disease, in distinction from idiopathic derangement or mania.

Delitescence

DELITES'CENCE, noun [Latin delitescentia; de and lateo.] Retirement; obscurity.

Johnson.

Deliver

DELIV'ER, verb transitive [French delivrer; de and livrer, to deliver; Spanish librar; Portugese livrar; Latin liber, free, disengaged; delibro, to free, to peel; Armoric delivra. See Liberal, Library, Librate.]

1. To free; to release, as from restraint; to set at liberty; as, to deliver one from captivity.

2. To rescue, or save.

Deliver me, O my God, from the hand of the wicked. Psalm 71.

3. To give, or transfer; to put into another's hand or power; to commit; to pass from one to another.

Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand. Genesis 40.

So we say, to deliver goods to a carrier; to deliver a letter; to deliver possession of an estate.

4. To surrender; to yield; to give up; to resign; as, to deliver a fortress to an enemy. It is often followed by up; as, to deliver up the city; to deliver up stolen goods.

Th' exalted mind

All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

Pope.

5. To disburden of a child.

6. To utter; to pronounce; to speak; to send forth in words; as, to deliver a sermon, an address, or an oration.

7. To exert in motion. [Not in use.]

To deliver over, to transfer; to give or pass from one to another; as, to deliver over goods to another.

2. To surrender or resign; to put into another's power; to commit to the discretion of; to abandon to.

Deliver me not over to the will of my enemies. Psalm 27.

To deliver up, to give up; to surrender.

Deliver

DELIV'ER, adjective [Latin liber.] Free; nimble. Obs.

Chaucer.

Deliverable

DELIV'ERABLE, adjective That may be or is to be delivered.

A bill of lading may state that the goods are deliverable to a particular person therein named.

Mer. Usage. Amer. Review.

Deliverance

DELIV'ERANCE, noun [French delivrance.] Release from captivity, slavery, oppression, or any restraint.

He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives. Luke 4.

2. Rescue from danger or any evil.

God sent me to save your lives by a great deliverance. Genesis 45.

3. The act of bringing forth children.

Bacon.

4. The act of giving or transferring from one to another.

5. The act of speaking or pronouncing; utterance.

Shak.

[In the three last senses, delivery is now used.]

6. Acquittal of a prisoner, by the verdict of a jury. God send you a good deliverance.

Delivered

DELIV'ERED, participle passive Freed; released; transferred or transmitted; passed from one to another; committed; yielded; surrendered; rescued; uttered; pronounced.

Deliverer

DELIV'ERER, noun One who delivers; one who releases or rescues; a preserver.

The Lord raised up a deliverer to Israel. Judges 3.

2. One who relates, or communicates.

Boyle.

Delivering

DELIV'ERING, participle of the present tense Releasing; setting free; rescuing; saving; surrendering; giving over; yielding; resigning.

Delivery

DELIV'ERY, noun The act of delivering.

2. Release; rescue; as from slavery, restraint, oppression or danger.

3. Surrender; a giving up.

4. A giving or passing from one to another; as the delivery of goods, or of a deed.

5. Utterance; pronunciation; or manner of speaking. He has a good delivery. I was charmed with his graceful delivery.

6. Childbirth. Isaiah 26.

7. Free motion or use of the limbs. [Obs.]

Sidney. Wotton.

Dell

DELL, noun [Qu. dale, or Welsh dell, a cleft or rift; or is it contracted from Saxon degle?]

A pit, or a hollow place; a cavity or narrow opening.

Spenser. Milton.

Delph

DELPH. [See Delf. No. 2.]

Delphia

DELPH'IA, or DELPHIN'IA, noun A vegetable alkali lately discovered in the Delphinium staphysagria. It is crystaline when wet, but it becomes opake when exposed to air. Its taste is bitter and acrid. When heated it melts, but on cooling becomes hard and brittle like resin.

Ure. Webster's Manual.

Delphian

DELPH'IAN, or DELPH'IC, adjective [from Delphi, a town of Phocis in Greece.] Relating to Delphi, and to the celebrated oracle of that place.

Delphine

DELPH'INE, adjective [Latin delphinus.] Pertaining to the dolphin, a genus of fishes.

2. Pertaining to the dauphin of France; as the delphine edition of the classics.

Delphinite

DELPH'INITE, noun A mineral called also pistacite and epidote.

Ure.

Deltoid

DEL'TOID, noun [Greek, the letter, and form.]

1. Resembling the Greek, triangular; an epithet applied to a muscle of the shoulder which moves the arm forwards, upwards and backwards.

Coxe.

2. In botany, shaped somewhat like a delta or rhomb, having four angles, of which the lateral ones are less distant from the base than the others; as a deltoid leaf.

Linne. Martyn.

Trowel-shaped, having three angles, of which the terminal one is much further from the base than the lateral ones.

Smith.

Deludable

DELU'DABLE, adjective [See Delude.] That may be deluded or deceived; liable to be imposed on.

Brown.

Delude

DELU'DE, verb transitive [Latin deludo; de and ludo, to play, to mock; Chaldee and Hebrew. Class Ls. No. 3. 5. 30. 46.]

1. To deceive; to impose on; to lead from truth or into error; to mislead the mind or judgment; to beguile. Cheat is generally applied to deception in bargains; delude, to deception in opinion. An artful man deludes his followers. We are often deluded by false appearances.

2. To frustrate or disappoint.

Deluded

DELU'DED, participle passive Deceived; misled; led into error.

Deluder

DELU'DER, noun One who deceives; a deceiver; an imposter; one who holds out false pretenses.

Deluding

DELU'DING, participle of the present tense Deceiving; leading astray; misleading the opinion or judgment.

Deluding

DELU'DING, noun The act of deceiving; falsehood.

Prideaur.

Deluge

DEL'UGE, noun [French deluge; Armoric diluich; Spanish diluvio; Italian id.; Latin diluvies, diluvium, from diluo, diluvio; di and luo, lavo, to wash. If deluge and diluvium are the same word, of which there can be little doubt, the fact proves that luo, lavo, is contracted or changed from lugo, and that the primitive word was lugo; and it is certain that the radix of fluo is flugo. See Flow.]

1. Any overflowing of water; an inundation; a flood; a swell of water over the natural banks of a river or shore of the ocean, spreading over the adjacent land. But appropriately, the great flood or overflowing of the earth by water, in the days of Noah; according to the common chronology, Anno Mundi, 1656. Genesis 6.

2. A sweeping or overwhelming calamity.

Deluge

DEL'UGE, verb transitive To overflow with water; to inundate; to drown. The waters deluged the earth and destroyed the old world.

2. To overwhelm; to cover with any flowing or moving, spreading body. The Northern nations deluged the Roman empire with their armies.

3. To overwhelm; to cause to sink under the weight of a general or spreading calamity; as, the land is deluged with corruption.

Deluged

DEL'UGED, participle passive Overflowed; inundated: overwhelmed.

Deluging

DEL'UGING, participle of the present tense Overflowing; inundating; overwhelming.

Delusion

DELU'SION, n. s. as z. [Latin delusio. See Delude.] The act of deluding; deception; a misleading of the mind. We are all liable to the delusions of artifice.

2. False representation; illusion; error or mistake proceeding from false views.

And fondly mourn'd the dear delusion gone.

Prior.

Delusive

DELU'SIVE, adjective Apt to deceive; tending to mislead the mind; deceptive; beguiling; as delusive arts; delusive appearances.

Delusiveness

DELU'SIVENESS, noun The quality of being delusive; tendency to deceive.

Delusory

DELU'SORY, adjective Apt to deceive; deceptive.

Glanville.

Delve

DELVE, v. t. delv. [Saxon delfan; Dutch delven; Russian dolblyu; to dig. Qu. Armoric toulla, to dig or make a hole, Welsh twll, a hole, and Latin talpa, a mole, perhaps the delver.]

1. To dig; to open the ground with a spade.

Delve of convenient depth your thrashing floor.

Dryden.

2. To fathom; to sound; to penetrate. [Not now used.]

I cannot delve him to the root.

Shak.

Delve

DELVE, n. delv. A place dug: a pit; a pitfall; a ditch; a den; a cave. [Not now used.]

Spenser.

Delve of coals, a quantity of fossil coals dug. [Not used or local.]

Delver

DELV'ER, noun One who digs, as with a spade.

Delving

DELV'ING, participle of the present tense Digging.

Demagogue

DEM'AGOGUE, n. dem'agog. [Greek, from, the populace, and, to lead.]

1. A leader of the people; an orator who pleases the populace and influences them to adhere to him.

2. Any leader of the populace; any factious man who has great influence with the great body of people in a city or community.

Demain

DEMA'IN, noun [Norm. demainer. This might be from Latin dominium, French domaine. But in old law books it is written demesne, as if derived from meisan, maison, house. In Norman, it is written also demaygne, demeigne, as well as demeine.]

1. A manor-house and the land adjacent or near, which a lord keeps in his own hands or immediate occupation, for the use of his family, as distinguished from his tenemental lands, distributed among his tenants, called book-land, or charter-land, and folk-land, or estates held in villenage, from which sprung copyhold estates.

Blackstone.

2. Estate in lands.

Shak.

Demand

DEM`AND, verb transitive [French demander; Spanish Portugese demandar; Italian domandare or dimandare; Armoric mennat; de and Latin mando, to command. The Latin mando signifies to send; hence, to commit or entrust. To ask is to press or urge. Swedish mana, Danish maner, to put in mind, to urge, press, dun; to admonish, Latin moneo. It appears that mando, moneo and mens, mind, are all of one family; as also Irish muinim, to teach; Welsh mynu, to will, to seek or procure, to insist, to obtain or have; Saxon manian; German mahnen. See Class Mn. No. 7. 9.]

1. To ask or call for, as one who has a claim or right to receive what is sought; to claim or seek as due by right. The creditor demands principal and interest of his debt. Here the claim is derived from law or justice.

2. To ask by authority; to require; to seek or claim an answer by virtue of a right or supposed right in the interrogator, derived from his office, station, power or authority.

The officers of the children of IsraelÃ‚--were beaten, and demanded, wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick. Exodus 5.

3. To require as necessary or useful; as, the execution of this work demands great industry and care.

4. To ask; to question; to inquire.

The soldiers also demanded of him, saying, what shall we do? Luke 3.

5. To ask or require, as a seller of goods; as, what price do you demand?

6. To sue for; to seek to obtain by legal process; as, the plaintiff, in his action, demands unreasonable damages.

In French, demander generally signifies simply to ask, request, or petition, when the answer or thing asked for, is a matter of grace or courtesy. But in English, demand is now seldom used in that sense, and rarely indeed can the French demander be rendered correctly in English by demand, except in the case of the seller of goods, who demands, [asks, requires,] a certain price for his wares. The common expression, ``a king sent to demand another king's daughter in marriage,' is improper.

Demand

DEM`AND, noun An asking for or claim made by virtue of a right or supposed right to the thing sought; an asking with authority; a challenging as due; as, the demand of the creditor was reasonable; the note is payable on demand.

He that has confidence to turn his wishes into demands, will be but a little way from thinking he ought to obtain them.

Locke.

2. The asking or requiring of a price for goods offered for sale; as, I cannot agree to his demand.

3. That which is or may be claimed as due; debt; as, what are your demands on the estate?

4. The calling for in order to purchase; desire to possess; as, the demand for the Bible has been great and extensive; copies are in great demand.

5. A desire or a seeking to obtain. We say, the company of a gentleman is in great demand; the lady is in great demand or request.

6. In law, the asking or seeking for what is due or claimed as due, either expressly by words, or by implication, as by seizure of goods, or entry into lands.

Demandable

DEM`ANDABLE, adjective That may be demanded, claimed, asked for, or required; as, payment is demandable at the expiration of the credit.

Demandant

DEM`ANDANT, noun One who demands; the plaintiff in a real action; any plaintiff.

Demanded

DEM`ANDED, participle passive Called for; claimed; challenged as due; requested; required; interrogated.

Demander

DEM`ANDER, noun One who demands; one who requires with authority; one who claims as due; one who asks; one who seeks to obtain.

Demanding

DEM`ANDING, participle of the present tense Claiming or calling for as due, or by authority; requiring; asking; pursuing a claim by legal process; interrogating.

Demandress

DEM`ANDRESS, noun A female demandant.

Demarch

DEM`ARCH, noun [French demarche.] March; walk; gait. Obs.

Demarkation

DEMARKA'TION, noun [Spanish demarcacion, from demarcar; de and marcar, to mark, marca, a mark; Portugese demarcar. See Mark.]

1. The act of marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit.

2. A limit or bound ascertained and fixed; line of separation marked or determined.

The speculative line of demarkation, where obedience ought to end and resistance begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable.

Burke.

Demean

DEME'AN, verb transitive [French demener; Norm. demesner, demener, to lead, to manage, to govern, to stir; Italian menare; Spanish menear.]

1. To behave; to carry; to conduct; with the reciprocal pronoun; as, it is our duty to demean ourselves with humility.

2. To treat.

Spenser.

Demean

DEME'AN, verb transitive [de and mean.] To debase; to undervalue. [Not used.]

Shak.

Demean

DEME'AN, noun Behavior; carriage; demeanor. obsolete

Spenser.

2. Mien. Obs.

Ibm.

Demeanor

DEME'ANOR, noun Behavior; carriage; deportment; as decent demeanor; sad demeanor.

Milton.

Demeanure

DEME'ANURE, noun Behavior. [Not in use.]

Demency

DE'MENCY, noun [Latin dementia.] Madness. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Dementate

DEMEN'TATE, adjective Mad; infatuated.

Hammond.

Dementate

DEMEN'TATE, verb transitive [Latin demento; de and mens.] To make mad.

Burton.

Dementation

DEMENTA'TION, noun The act of making frantic.

Whitlock.

Demephitization

DEMEPHITIZA'TION, noun [See Demephitize.]

The act of purifying from mephitic or foul air.

Med. Repository.

Demephitize

DEMEPH'ITIZE, verb transitive [de and mephitis, foul air, or ill smell.] To purify from foul unwholesome air.

Demephitized

DEMEPH'ITIZED, participle passive Purified; freed from foul air.

Demephitizing

DEMEPH'ITIZING, participle of the present tense Purifying from foul air.

Demerit

DEMER'IT, noun [French demerite; de and merite, merit, Latin meritum, from mereo, to earn or deserve. The Latin demereo is used in a good sense. See Merit.]

1. That which deserves punishment, the opposite of merit; an ill-deserving; that which is blamable or punishable in moral conduct; vice or crime.

Mine is the merit, the demerit thine.

Dryden.

2. Anciently, merit; desert; in a good sense.

Shak.

Demerit

DEMER'IT, verb transitive To deserve blame or punishment. [I believe not in use.]

Demersed

DEMERS'ED, adjective [Latin demersus.] Plunged; situated or growing under water.

Demersion

DEMER'SION, noun [Latin demersio, from demergo, to plunge or drown.]

1. A plunging into a fluid; a drowning.

Trans. of Pausanias.

2. The state of being overwhelmed in water or earth.

Ray.

3. The putting of a medicine in a dissolving liquor.

Dict.

Demesne

DEMESNE. [See Demain.]

Demi

DEM'I, a prefix, French demi, from the Latin dimidium, signifies half. It is used only in composition.

Demi-Brigade

DEMI-BRIGA'DE, noun A half-brigade.

Demi-Cadence

DEM'I-CADENCE, noun In music, an imperfect cadence, or one that falls on any other than the key note.

Busby.

Demi-Cannon

DEM'I-CANNON, noun A cannon of different sizes; the lowest carries a ball of thirty pounds weight, and six inches diameter; the ordinary is twelve feet long, and carries a shot of six inches and one-sixth diameter, and thirty two pounds weight; that of the greatest size is twelve feet long, and carries a ball of six inches and five eighths diameter, and thirty six pounds weight.

Dict.

Demi-Cross

DEM'I-CROSS, noun An instrument for taking the altitude of the sun and stars.

Demi-Culverin

DEMI-CUL'VERIN, noun A large gun, or piece of ordnance; the least is ten feet long, and carries a ball of nine pounds weight and four inches diameter; that of ordinary size carries a ball of four inches and two eighths diameter, and ten pounds eleven ounces in weight; the largest size is ten feet and a third in length, and carries a ball four inches and a half in diameter, and of twelve pounds eleven ounces in weight.

Johnson. Encyc.

Demi-Devil

DEM'I-DEVIL, noun Half a devil.

Shak.

Demi-Distance

DEM'I-DISTANCE, noun In fortification, the distance between the outward polygons and the flank.

Demi-Ditone

DEM'I-DITONE, noun In music, a minor third.

Busby.

Demi-God

DEM'I-GOD, noun Half a god; one partaking of the divine nature; a fabulous hero, produced by the cohabitation of a deity with a mortal.

Milton. Pope.

Demi-Gorge

DEM'I-GORGE, noun In fortification, that part of the polygon which remains after the flank is raised, and goes from the curtain to the angle of the polygon. It is half of the vacant space or entrance into a bastion.

Encyc.

Demi-Groat

DEM'I-GROAT, noun A half-groat.

Shenstone.

Demi-Lance

DEM'I-LANCE, noun A light lance; a short spear; a half-pike.

Dryden.

Demi-Lune

DEM'I-LUNE, noun A half-moon.

Demi-Man

DEM'I-MAN, noun Half a man; a term of reproach.

Knolles.

Demi-Natured

DEM'I-NATURED, adjective Having half the nature of another animal.

Shak.

Demi-Premises

DEMI-PREM'ISES, n. plu. Half-premises.

Hooker.

Demi-Quaver

DEM'I-QUAVER, noun A note in music, of half the length of the quaver.

Demirep

DEM'IREP, noun A woman of suspicious chastity. [Demi-reputation.]

Demi-Semi-Quaver

DEMI-SEMI-QUAVER, noun The shortest note in music, two of which are equal to a semi-quaver.

Demi-Tone

DEM'I-TONE, noun In music, an interval of half a tone; a semi-tone.

Demi-Vill

DEM'I-VILL, noun A half-vill, consisting of five freemen or frank pledges.

Spelman. Blackstone.

Demi-Volt

DEM'I-VOLT, noun [demi and volt, vault.] One of the seven artificial motions of a horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular manner.

Demi-Wolf

DEM'I-WOLF, noun Half a wolf; a mongrel dog between a dog and a wolf; lycisca.

Shak.

Demigrate

DEMIGRATE, or DEMIGRATION. [Not used. See Migrate.]

Demisable

DEMI'SABLE, a. s. as z. [See Demise.] That may be leased; as an estate demisable by copy of court roll.

Blackstone.

Demise

DEMI'SE, n. s. as z. [French demis, demise, from demettre, Latin demitto, demissio; de and mitto, French mettre. Literally, a laying down, or sending from; a removing.]

1. In England, a laying down or removal, applied to the crown or royal authority. The demise of the crown, is a transfer of the crown, royal authority or kingdom to a successor. Thus when Edward fourth was driven from his throne for a few months by the house of Lancaster, this temporary transfer of his dignity was called a demise. Hence the natural death of a king or queen came to be denominated a demise, as by that event, the crown is transferred to a successor.

Blackstone.

2. A conveyance or transfer of an estate, by lease or will.

Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there are mutual leases made from one to another of the same land, or something out of it.

Encyc.

Demise

DEMI'SE, v. t. s. as z. To transfer or convey; to lease.

2. To bequeath; to grant by will.

Swift.

Demission

DEMIS'SION, noun A lowering; degradation; depression.

L'Estrange.

Demissive

DEMISS'IVE, or DEMISS', adjective Humble. [Little used.]

Shenstone.

Demissly

DEMISS'LY, adverb In a humble manner. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Demit

DEMIT', verb transitive [Latin demitto.] To let fall; to depress; to submit. [Not used.]

Demiurge

DEM'IURGE, noun [Greek; a public servant, and, work.]

In the mythology of Eastern Philosophers, an eon employed in the creation of the world; a subordinate workman.

Encyc.

Demiurgic

DEMIUR'GIC, adjective Pertaining to a demiurge, or to creative power.

Trans. of Pausanias.

Democracy

DEMOC'RACY, noun [Greek; people, and, to possess, to govern.]

Government by the people; a form of government, in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the people collectively, or in which the people exercise the powers of legislation. Such was the government of Athens.

Democrat

DEM'OCRAT, noun One who adheres to a government by the people, or favors the extension of the right of suffrage to all classes of men.

Democratic

DEMOCRAT'IC, or DEMOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Popular; pertaining to democracy or government by the people; as a democratical form of government.

Democratically

DEMOCRAT'ICALLY, adverb In a democratical manner.

Sidney.

Demolish

DEMOL'ISH, verb transitive [French demolir, demolissant; Spanish demoler; Italian demolire; Latin demolior; de and molior, to build. Class Ml. No. 12. 15.]

To throw or pull down; to raze; to destroy, as a heap or structure; to separate any collected mass, or the connected parts of a thing; to ruin; as, to demolish an edifice, or a mound; to demolish a wall or fortification.

Demolished

DEMOL'ISHED, participle passive Pulled down; thrown down; razed; destroyed, as a fabric or structure.

Demolisher

DEMOL'ISHER, noun One who pulls or throws down; one who destroys or lays waste; as a demolisher of towns.

Demolishing

DEMOL'ISHING, participle of the present tense Pulling or throwing down; destroying.

Demolishment

DEMOL'ISHMENT, noun Ruin; overthrow.

Beaum.

Demolition

DEMOLI'TION, noun The act of overthrowing, pulling down or destroying a pile or structure; ruin; destruction; as the demolition of a house, or of military works.

Demon

DE'MON, noun [Latin doemon; Greek; Spanish Italian demonio; French demon; Irish deamal or deamon. The origin and primary sense of this word I have not been able to ascertain. Qu. Arabic dahima, daima, to fall suddenly, to rush, to overwhelm, to obscure, to blacken; whence misfortune, black, blackness, evil, a monster: or is it a compound of dea, dia, deus, and mon, a word signifying evil, from the Persian? I place little confidence in these conjectures.]

A spirit, or immaterial being, holding a middle place between men and the celestial deities of the Pagans. The ancients believed that there were good and evil demons, which had influence over the minds of men, and that these beings carried on an intercourse between men and gods, conveying the addresses of men to the gods, and divine benefits to men. Hence demons became the objects of worship. It was suppossd also that human spirits, after their departure from the body, became demons, and that the souls of virtuous men, if highly purified, were exalted from demons into gods. In the scriptures, the English word is not used, but the Greek is rendered devil, and sometimes at least improperly; for nothing is more certain than that different beings are intended by and. The demons of the New Testament were supposed to be spiritual beings which vexed and tormented men. And in general, the word, in modern use, signifies an evil spirit it or genius, which influences the conduct or directs the fortunes of mankind. [See Campbell's Dissert.]

Demoness

DE'MONESS, noun A female demon.

Mede.

Demoniac

DEMO'NIAC, or DEMONI'ACAL, or DEMO'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to demons or evil spirits.

From thy demoniac holds.

Milton.

2. Influenced by demons; produced by demons or evil spirits.

Demoniac phrensy.

Milton.

Demoniac

DEMO'NIAC, noun A human being possessed by a demon; one whose volition and other mental faculties are overpowered, restrained, or disturbed, in their regular operation, by an evil spirit, or by a created spiritual being of superior power.

Encyc.

Demoniacs

DEMO'NIACS, noun In church history, a branch of the Anabaptists, whose distinguishing tenet is, that at the end of the world the devil will be saved.

Encyc.

Demonocracy

DEMONOC'RACY, noun [Greek, demon, and, to hold.] The power or government of demons.

Demonolatry

DEMONOL'ATRY, noun [Greek, demon, and, worship.] The worship of demons, or of evil spirits.

Demonology

DEMONOL'OGY, noun [Greek, demon, and, discourse.]

A discourse on demons; a treatise on evil spirits. So King James entitled his book concerning witches.

Demonomist

DEMON'OMIST, noun [Greek, demon, and, law.]

One that lives in subjection to the devil, or to evil spirits.

Herbert.

Demonomy

DEMON'OMY, noun [supra.] The dominion of demons, or of evil spirits.

Herbert.

Demonship

DE'MONSHIP, noun The state of a demon.

Mede.

Demonstrable

DEMON'STRABLE, adjective [See Demonstrate.]

That may be demonstrated; that may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction; capable of being shown by certain evidence, or by evidence that admits of no doubt; as, the principles of geometry are demonstrable.

Demonstrableness

DEMON'STRABLENESS, noun The quality of being demonstrable.

Demonstrably

DEMON'STRABLY, adverb In a manner to preclude doubt; beyond the possibility of contradiction.

Demonstrate

DEM'ONSTRATE, verb transitive [Latin demonstro; de and monstro, to show; French demontrer; Spanish Portugese demostrar; lt. dimostrare. See Muster.]

1. To show or prove to be certain; to prove beyond the possibility of doubt; to prove in such a manner as to reduce the contrary position to evident absurdity. We demonstrate a problem in geometry, or a proposition in ethics, by showing that the contrary is absurd or impossible.

2. In anatomy, to exhibit the parts when dissected.

Demonstrated

DEM'ONSTRATED, participle passive Proved beyond the possibility of doubt; rendered certain to the mind.

Demonstrating

DEM'ONSTRATING, participle of the present tense Proving to be certain; evincing beyond the possibility of doubt.

Demonstration

DEMONSTRA'TION, noun The act of demonstrating, or of exhibiting certain proof.

2. The highest degree of evidence; certain proof exhibited, or such proof as establishes a fact or proposition beyond a possibility of doubt, or as shows the contrary position to be absurd or impossible.

3. Indubitable evidence of the senses, or of reason; evidence which satisfies the mind of the certainty of a fact or proposition. Thus we hold that the works of nature exhibit demonstration of the existence of a God.

4. In logic, a series of syllogisms, all whose premises are either definitions, self-evident truths, or propositions already established.

Encyc.

5. Show; exhibition.

Mitford.

6. In anatomy, the exhibition of parts dissected.

Demonstrative

DEMON'STRATIVE, adjective Showing or proving by certain evidence; having the power of demonstration; invincibly conclusive; as a demonstrative argument, or demonstrative reasoning.

2. Having the power of showing with clearness and certainty; as a demonstrative figure in painting.

Dryden.

Demonstratively

DEMON'STRATIVELY, adverb With certain evidence; with proof which cannot be questioned; certainly; clearly; convincingly.

Demonstrator

DEM'ONSTRATOR, noun One who demonstrates; one who proves any thing with certainty, or with indubitable evidence.

2. In anatomy, one who exhibits the parts when dissected.

Demonstratory

DEMON'STRATORY, adjective Tending to demonstrate; having a tendency to prove beyond a possibility of doubt.

Demoralization

DEMORALIZA'TION, noun [See Demoralize.]

The act of subverting or corrupting morals; destruction of moral principles.

Demoralize

DEMOR'ALIZE, verb transitive [de and moralize or moral.]

To corrupt or undermine the morals of; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt in morals.

The effect would be to demoralize mankind.

Grattan on Catholic Petition.

The native vigor of the soul must wholly disappear, under the steady influence and the demoralizing example of profligate power and prosperous crime.

Walsh, Letters on France.

Demoralized

DEMOR'ALIZED, participle passive Corrupted in morals.

Demoralizing

DEMOR'ALIZING, participle of the present tense Corrupting or destroying morals or moral principles.

2. adjective Tending to destroy morals or moral principles.

Demulce

DEMULCE, v. t. demuls'. [Latin demulceo.] To sooth; to soften or pacify. [Not used.]

Demulcent

DEMUL'CENT, adjective [Latin demulcens, demulceo; de and mulceo, to stroke, to soften; allied perhaps to mollis, mellow.]

Softening; mollifying; lenient; as, oil is demulcent.

Demulcent

DEMUL'CENT, noun Any medicine which lessens acrimony, or the effects of stimulus on the solids; that which softens or mollifies; as gums, roots of marsh-mallows, and other mucilaginous substances.

Coxe. Encyc. Hooper.

Demur

DEMUR', verb intransitive [French demeurer; Spanish demorar; Portugese demorar; Italian dimorare; Latin demoror; de and moror, to stay or delay, mora, delay; Armoric miret, to hold; Saxon merran, myrran, to hinder; allied to Latin miror, and to moor, Spanish amarrar.]

1. To stop; to pause; to hesitate; to suspend proceeding; to delay determination or conclusion.

On receiving this information, the minister demurred, till he could obtain further instructions.

2. In law, to stop at any point in the pleadings, and rest or abide on that point in law for a decision of the cause. Thus, the defendant may demur to the plaintiff's declaration, alledging it to be insufficient in law; the plaintiff may demur to the defendant's plea, for a like reason.

Demur

DEMUR', verb transitive To doubt of. [Not legitimate.]

Milton.

Demur

DEMUR', noun Stop; pause; hesitation as to the propriety of proceeding; suspense of proceeding or decision.

All my demurs but double his attacks.

Pope.

Demure

DEMU'RE, adjective [perhaps from demur, that is, set, fixed, stayed, silent.]

Sober; grave; modest; downcast; as a demure countenance; a demure abasing of the eye.

Bacon.

Demure

DEMU'RE, verb intransitive To look with a grave countenance. [Not used.]

Shak.

Demurely

DEMU'RELY, adverb With a grave, solemn countenance; with a fixed look; with a solemn gravity.

Esop's damsel sat demurely at the board's end.

Bacon.

Demureness

DEMU'RENESS, noun Gravity of countenance; soberness; a modest look.

Sidney.

Demurrage

DEMUR'RAGE, noun [See Demur.] An allowance made to the master of a trading vessel, for delay or detention in port beyond the appointed time of departure. This expense is paid by the merchant who causes the detention.

Demurrer

DEMUR'RER, noun One who demurs.

2. In law, a stop at some point in the pleadings, and a resting of the decision of the cause on that point; an issue on matter of law. A demurrer confesses the fact or facts to be true, but denies the sufficiency of the facts in point of law to support the claim or defense. A demurrer may be tendered to the declaration, to the plea, to the replication, to the rejoinder, &c.

Blackstone.

Demurring

DEMUR'RING, participle of the present tense Stopping; pausing; suspending proceedings or decision; resting or abiding on a point in law.

Demy

DEMY', noun [French demi, half.] A particular size of paper; a kind of paper of small size.

2. A half fellow at Magdalen college, Oxford.

Den

DEN, noun [Saxon den, dene, denn, a valley; Italian tana; French taniere; Irish tuinnedhe.]

1. A cave or hollow place in the earth; usually applied to a cave, pit, or subterraneous recess, used for concealment, shelter, protection or security; as a lion's den; a den of robbers or thieves.

The beasts go into dens. The children of Israel made themselves dens. Job 37. Judges 6.

2. As a termination, in names of places, it denotes the place to be in a valley or near a wood.

Den

DEN, verb intransitive To dwell as in a den.

Denarcotize

DEN`ARCOTIZE, verb transitive [de and narcotic.]

To deprive of narcotine; to depurate from the principle called narcotine.

Journ. of Science.

Denary

DEN'ARY, adjective [Latin denarius.] Containing ten.

Denary

DEN'ARY, noun The number ten.

Digby.

Denationalize

DENA'TIONALIZE, verb transitive [de and nation.]

To divest of national character or rights, by transferrence to the service of another nation. A ship built and registered in the United States, is denationalized by being employed in the service of another nation and bearing its flag.

French Decrees. Dec. of the Prince Regent.

Denay

DENA'Y, noun Denial; refusal. Obs.

Shak.

Denay

DENA'Y, verb transitive To deny. Obs.

Spenser.

Dendrachate

DEN'DRACHATE, noun [Greek, a tree, and, agate.]

Arborescent agate; agate containing the figures of shrubs or parts of plants.

Encyc.

Dendrite

DEN'DRITE, noun [Greek, from, a tree.]

A stone or mineral on or in which are the figures of shrubs or trees; an arborescent mineral.

Fourcroy.

Dendritic

DENDRIT'IC, or DENDRIT'ICAL, adjective Containing the figures of shrubs or trees.

Dendroid

DEN'DROID, adjective [Greek, a tree, and, form.] Resembling a shrub.

Dendroit

DEN'DROIT, noun A fossil which has some resemblance in form to the branch of a tree.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Dendrolite

DEN'DROLITE, noun [Greek, a tree, and, a stone.]

A petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Dendrology

DENDROL'OGY, noun [Greek, a tree, and, a discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on trees; the natural history of trees.

Dict.

Dendrometer

DENDROM'ETER, noun [Greek, tree, and, to measure.]

An instrument to measure the highth and diameter of trees.

Encyc.

Denegate

DEN'EGATE, verb transitive [Latin denego.] To deny. [Not used.]

Denegation

DENEGA'TION, noun Denial. [Not in use.]

Deniable

DENI'ABLE, adjective [See Deny.] That may be denied, or contradicted.

Brown.

Denial

DENI'AL, noun [See Deny.] An affirmation to the contrary; an assertion that a declaration or fact stated is not true; negation; contradiction. It is often expressed by no or not, simply.

2. Refusal to grant; the negation of a request or petition; the contrary to grant, allowance or concession; as, his request or application met with a direct denial.

3. A rejection, or refusing to acknowledge; a disowning; as a denial of God: or a refusing to receive or embrace; as a denial of the faith or the truth.

4. A denial of one's self, is a declining of some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities.

Denier

DENI'ER, noun One who denies, or contradicts; one who refuses, or rejects; a disowner; one who does not own, avow or acknowledge; as a denier of a fact, or of the faith, or of Christ.

Denier

DENIE'R, noun [French from Latin denarius; Italian danaio, danaro; Spanish dinero.]

A small denomination of French money, the twelfth part of a sol; a small copper coin.

Denigrate

DEN'IGRATE, verb transitive [Latin denigro; de and nigro, from niger, black.] To blacken; to make black.

Boyle.

Denigration

DENIGRA'TION, noun The act of making black; a blackening.

Denitration

DENITRA'TION, noun A disengaging of nitric acid. Obs.

Denization

DENIZA'TION, noun [See Denizen.] The act of making one a denizen, subject or citizen. This in England is done by the king's letters patent.

Denizen

DEN'IZEN, n. den'izn. [In Welsh dinaswr is a citizen, from dinas, din, a fortress or fortified town, a city. But in denizen, the last syllable seems to be the same as in citizen.]

1. In England, an alien who is made a subject by the king's letters patent, holding a middle state between an alien and a natural born subject. He may take land by purchase or devise, which an alien cannot; but he cannot take by inheritance.

Encyc. English Law.

2. A stranger admitted to residence and certain rights in a foreign country.

Ye gods,

Natives, or denizens, of blest abodes.

Dryden.

3. A citizen.

Denizen

DEN'IZEN, verb transitive To make a denizen; to admit to residence with certain rights and privileges; to infranchise.

Denominable

DENOM'INABLE, adjective [See Denominate.] That may be denominated, or named.

Brown.

Denominate

DENOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin denomino; de and nomino, to name. See Name.]

To name; to give a name or epithet to; as, a race of intelligent beings denominated MAN. Actions are denominated virtuous, or vicious, according to their character.

Denominated

DENOM'INATED, participle passive Named; called.

Denominating

DENOM'INATING, participle of the present tense Naming.

Denomination

DENOMINA'TION, noun The act of naming.

2. A name or appellation; a vocal sound, customarily used to express a thing or a quality, in discourse; as, all men fall under the denomination of sinners; actions fall under the denomination of good or bad.

3. A class, society or collection of individuals, called by the same name; as a denomination of christians.

Denominative

DENOM'INATIVE, adjective That gives a name; that confers a distinct appellation.

Denominator

DENOM'INATOR, noun He that gives a name.

2. In arithmetic, that number placed below the line in vulgar fractions, which shows into how many parts the integer is divided. Thus in 3/5, 5 is the denominator, showing that the integer is divided into five parts; and the numerator 3 shows how many parts are taken, that is, three fifths.

Denotable

DENO'TABLE, adjective That may be denoted, or marked.

Brown.

Denotation

DENOTA'TION, noun [Latin denotatio. See Denote.] The act of denoting.

Hammond.

Denotative

DENO'TATIVE, adjective Having power to denote.

Denote

DENO'TE, verb transitive [Latin denoto; de and noto, to note or mark; French denoter; Spanish denotar; Italian denotare.]

1. To mark; to signify by a visible sign; to indicate; to express. The character X denotes multiplication.

Day's Algebra.

2. To show; to betoken; to indicate; as, a quick pulse denotes fever.

Denoted

DENO'TED, participle passive Marked; signified, indicated.

Denotement

DENO'TEMENT, noun Sign; indication.

Shak.

Denoting

DENO'TING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng; expressing; indicating.

Denouement

DENOUEMENT, noun [French from denouer, to untie; de and nouer, to tie, Latin nodo.]

The unraveling or discovery of a plot. [Not English.]

Warton.

Denounce

DENOUNCE, v. t. denouns'. [French denoncer; Spanish denunciar; Italian denunziare; Latin denuncio; de and nuncio, to tell, or declare, from nomen or its root.]

1. To declare solemnly; to proclaim in a threatening manner; to announce or declare, as a threat.

I denounce to you this day, that ye shall surely perish. Deuteronomy 30.

So we say, to denounce war; to denounce wrath.

2. To threaten by some outward sign, or expression.

His look denounced revenge.

Milton.

3. To inform against; to accuse; as, to denounce one for neglect of duty.

Denounced

DENOUN'CED, participle passive Threatened by open declaration; as, punishment is denounced against the ungodly.

2. Accused; proclaimed; as, he was denounced as an enemy.

Denouncement

DENOUNCEMENT, n. denouns'ment. The declaration of a menace, or of evil; denunciation.

Brown.

Denouncer

DENOUN'CER, noun One who denounces, or declares a menace.

Here comes the sad denouncer of my fate.

Dryden.

Denouncing

DENOUN'CING, participle of the present tense Declaring, as a threat; threatening; accusing.

Dense

DENSE, a. dens. [Latin densus; French dense; Spanish Italian denso. Qu. Greek, n being casual.]

1. Close; compact; having its constituent parts closely united; applied to solids or fluids; as a dense body; dense air.

2. Thick; as a dense cloud, or fog.

Denseness

DENSENESS, n. dens'ness. The same as density.

Density

DENS'ITY, noun [Latin densitas.] Closeness of constituent parts; compactness. Density is opposed to rarity; and in philosophy, the density of a body indicates the quantity of matter contained in it, under a given bulk. If a body of equal bulk with another is of double the density, it contains double the quantity of matter.

2. Thickness; as the density of fog.

Dent

DENT, noun [Armoric danta, to gap or notch. It seems to be from dant, a tooth; French dent; Latin dens; Greek; Welsh dant; Italian dente; Spanish diente, whence dentar, endentar, to tooth; Portugese dente; Pers. dandan; Gypsey and Hindoo, dant, danda. Hence French denteler, to dent or indent, to jag or notch.]

1. Literally, a tooth or projecting point. But it is used to express a gap or notch, or rather a depression or small hollow in a solid body; a hollow made by the pressure of a harder body on a softer; indentation. In this sense, it is in customary use in the United States.

2. A stroke.

Spenser.

Dent

DENT, verb transitive To make a dent or small hollow. [See Indent.]

Dental

DEN'TAL, adjective [Latin dentalis.] Pertaining to the teeth. In grammar, formed or pronounced by the teeth, with the aid of the tongue; as, D and T are dental letters.

Dental

DEN'TAL, noun An articulation or letter formed by placing the end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or against the gum that covers the root of the upper teeth, as D, T, and Th.

2. A genus of shell-fish? Dentalium? of several species. The shell consists of one tubulous straight valve, open at both ends.

Encyc.

Dentalite

DEN'TALITE, noun A fossil shell of the genus Dentalium.

Dentate

DEN'TATE, or DEN'TATED, adjective [Latin dentatus, from dens.] Toothed; notched.

In botany, a dentated root is one that consists of a concatenation of joints, resembling a necklace.

A dentate leaf is one that has horizontal points, with a space between each, or points in the plane of the disk, or having points like teeth on the margin.

Martyn.

Dentato-Sinuate

DENTATO-SIN'UATE, adjective Having points like teeth with hollows about the edge.

Dented

DEN'TED, adjective Indented; impressed with little hollows.

Dentelli

DENTEL'LI, noun [Italian dentello. See Dentil.] Modillions.

Spectator.

Denticle

DEN'TICLE, noun [Latin denticulus.] A small tooth or projecting point.

Lee.

Denticulate

DENTICULATE, or DENTICULATED, adjective [Latin denticulatus, from dens, a tooth.]

Having small teeth or notches; as a denticulate leaf, calyx or seed.

Botany.

Denticulation

DENTICULA'TION, noun The state of being set with small teeth, or prominences or points, resembling the teeth of a saw.

Grew.

Dentiform

DEN'TIFORM, adjective [Latin dens, a tooth, and forma, form.] Having the form of a tooth.

Kirwan.

Dentifrice

DEN'TIFRICE, noun [French from Latin dens, a tooth, and frico, to rub.]

A powder or other substance to be used in cleaning the teeth. Burnt shells and charcoal pulverized make an excellent dentifrice.

Dentil

DEN'TIL, noun [Latin dens, a tooth.] In architecture, an ornament in cornices bearing some resemblance to teeth; used particularly in the Ionic and Corinthian order.

Dentist

DEN'TIST, noun One whose occupation is to clean and extract teeth, or repair the loss of them.

Dentition

DENTI'TION, noun [Latin dentitio, from dentio, to breed teeth, from dens.]

1. The breeding or cutting of teeth in infancy.

2. The time of breeding teeth.

Dentize

DEN'TIZE, verb transitive To renew the teeth, or have them renewed.

Bacon.

Dentoid

DEN'TOID, adjective [Latin dens, a tooth, and Greek, form.] Having the form of teeth.

Barton.

Denudate

DENU'DATE, or DENU'DE, verb transitive [Latin denudo; de and nudo, to make bare; nudus, naked.]

To strip; to divest of all covering; to make bare or naked.

Ray. Sharp.

Denudation

DENUDA'TION, noun The act of stripping off covering; a making bare.

2. In geology, the act of washing away the surface of the earth by the deluge or other flood.

Buckland.

Denuded

DENU'DED, participle passive Stripped; divested of covering; laid bare.

Denuding

DENU'DING, participle of the present tense Stripping of covering; making bare.

Denunciate

DENUN'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin denuncio.] To denounce, which see.

Denunciation

DENUNCIA'TION, noun [Latin denunciatio, from denuncio. See Denounce.]

1. Publication; proclamation; annunciation; preaching; as a faithful denunciation of the gospel.

Milner.

2. Solemn or formal declaration, accompanied with a menace; or the declaration of intended evil; proclamation of a threat; a public menace; as a denunciation of war, or of wrath.

Denunciator

DENUNCIA'TOR, noun He that denounces; one who publishes or proclaims, especially intended evil; one who threatens.

2. An accuser; one who informs against another.

Ayliffe.

Deny

DENY', verb transitive [French denier; Latin denego; de and nego, to deny, Swedish neka, Welsh nacu. Hence nay, Danish nej. The sense is to thrust from.]

1. To contradict; to gainsay; to declare a statement or position not to be true. We deny what another says, or we deny a proposition. We deny the truth of an assertion, or the assertion itself. The sense of this verb is often expressed by no or nay.

2. To refuse to grant; as, we asked for bread, and the man denied us.

3. Not to afford; to withhold.

Who finds not Providence all good and wise,

Alike in what it gives, and what denies?

Pope.

4. To disown; to refuse or neglect to acknowledge; not to confess.

He that denieth me before men, shall be denied before the angels of God. Luke 12.

5. To reject; to disown; not to receive or embrace.

He hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel. 1 Timothy 5.

Denying ungodliness and worldly lusts. Titus ~~.

6. Not to afford or yield.

Kirwan.

To deny one's self, is to decline the gratification of appetites or desires; to refrain from; to abstain. The temperate man denies himself the free use of spirituous liquors. I denied myself the pleasure of your company.

``God cannot deny himself.' He cannot act in contradiction to his character and promises. He cannot be unfaithful. 2 Timothy 2.

Deobstruct

DEOBSTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin de and obstruo, to stop; ob and struo, to pile.]

To remove obstructions, or impediments to a passage; to clear from any thing that hinders the passage of fluids in the proper ducts of the body; as, to deobstruct the pores or lacteals.

Deobstructed

DEOBSTRUCT'ED, participle passive Cleared of obstructions; opened.

Deobstructing

DEOBSTRUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Removing impediments to a passage.

Deobstruent

DEOB'STRUENT, adjective Removing obstructions; having power to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and secretions of the body; resolving viscidities; aperient.

Coxe. Encyc.

Deobstruent

DEOB'STRUENT, noun Any medicine which removes obstructions and opens the natural passages of the fluids of the body, as the pores and lacteal vessels; an aperient. Calomel is a powerful deobstruent.

Deodand

DE'ODAND, noun [Latin Deo dandus, to be given to God.]

In England, a personal chattel which is the immediate occasion of the death of a rational creature, and for that reason, given to God, that is, forfeited to the king, to be applied to pious uses, and distributed in alms by his high almoner. Thus, if a cart runs over a man and kills him, the cart is forfeited as a deodand.

Blackstone. Law.

Deonerate

DEON'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin deonero; de and onus.] To unload. [Not used.]

Deoppilate

DEOP'PILATE, verb transitive [Latin de and oppilo.] To free from obstructions; to clear a passage. [Little used.]

Deoppilation

DEOPPILA'TION, noun The removal of obstructions. [Little used.]

Brown.

Deoppilative

DEOP'PILATIVE, adjective Deobstruent; aperient.

Harvey.

Deordination

DEORDINA'TION, noun [Latin de and ordinatio.] Disorder. [Not in use.]

Rawley.

Deosculate

DEOS'CULATE, verb transitive [Latin deosculor.] To kiss. [Not in use.]

Deosculation

DEOSCULA'TION, noun A kissing. [Not in use.]

Stilling fleet.

Deoxydate

DEOX'YDATE, verb transitive [de and oxydate, from Greek, acid.]

To deprive of oxygen, or reduce from the state of an oxyd.

Chemistry.

Deoxydated

DEOX'YDATED, participle passive Reduced from the state of an oxyd.

Deoxydating

DEOX'YDATING, participle of the present tense Reducing from the state of an oxyd.

Deoxydation

DEOXYDA'TION, noun The act or process of reducing from the state of an oxyd.

Deoxydization

DEOXYDIZA'TION, noun Deoxydation.

Deoxydize

DEOX'YDIZE, verb transitive To deoxydate.

Deoxydized

DEOX'YDIZED, participle passive Deoxydated.

Deoxydizing

DEOX'YDIZING, participle of the present tense Deoxydating.

NOTE. Deoxydate and deoxydize are synonymous; but the former is preferable, on account of the length of the word deoxydization.

Deoxygenate

DEOX'YGENATE, verb transitive [de and oxygenate.] To deprive of oxygen.

Davy. Med. Rep.

Deoxygenated

DEOX'YGENATED, verb transitive Deprived of oxygen.

Deoxygenating

DEOX'YGENATING, participle of the present tense Depriving of oxygen.

Deoxygenation

DEOXYGENA'TION, noun The act or operation of depriving of oxygen.

Depaint

DEPA'INT, verb transitive [French depeindre, depeint; de and peindre, Latin pingo, to paint.]

1. To paint; to picture; to represent in colors, as by painting the resemblance of.

Spenser.

2. To describe in words.

Gay.

Depainted

DEPA'INTED, participle passive Painted; represented in colors; described.

Depainter

DEPA'INTER, noun A painter.

Douglas.

Depainting

DEPA'INTING, participle of the present tense Painting; representing in colors; describing.

Depart

DEP`ART, verb intransitive [French departir; de and partir, to separate; Spanish departir. See Part.]

1. To go or move from.

Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire. Matthew 25.

It is followed by from, or from is implied before the place left.

``I will depart to my own land,' that is, I will depart from this place to my own land. Numbers 10.

2. To go from; to leave; to desist, as from a practice. Jehu departed not from the sins of Jeroboam. Jehoshaphat departed not from the way of Asa his father.

3. To leave; to deviate from; to forsake; not to adhere to or follow; as, we cannot depart from our rules.

I have not departed from thy judgments. Psalm 119.

4. To desist; to leave; to abandon; as, he would not depart from his purpose, resolution, or demand.

5. To be lost; to perish; to vanish; as, his glory has departed.

6. To die; to decease; to leave this world. Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word. Luke 2.

To depart this life is elliptical, from being understood.

7. To leave; to forsake; to abandon; as, to depart from evil.

8. To cease.

The prey departeth not. Nahum 3.

9. To deviate; to vary from.

If the plan of the convention be found to depart from republican principles Ã‚--

Madison.

10. To vary; to deviate from the title or defense in pleading.

Blackstone.

11. To part with. [Not in use.]

Shak.

To depart from God, is to forsake his service and live in sin; to apostatize; to revolt; to desert his government and laws.

God departs from men, when he abandons them to their own sinful inclinations, or ceases to bestow on them his favor. Hosea ix.

Depart

DEP`ART, verb transitive To divide or separate; to part. [Not used.]

Shak. Spenser.

Depart

DEP`ART, noun The act of going away; death. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. Division; separation. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Departer

DEP`ARTER, noun One who refines metals by separation. [Not used.]

Departing

DEP`ARTING, participle of the present tense Going from; leaving; desisting; forsaking; vanishing; dying.

Departing

DEP`ARTING, noun A going away; separation.

Shak.

Department

DEP`ARTMENT, noun [French department; Spanish departimiento.]

1. Literally, a separation or division; hence, a separate part, or portion; a division of territory; as the departments of France.

2. A separate allotment or part of business; a distinct province, in which a class of duties are allotted to a particular person; as the department of state, assigned to the secretary of state; the treasury department; the department of war.

3. A separate station; as, the admirals had their respective departments. Nearly in this sense, during war, were used in America, the terms, Northern and Southern departments.

Departmental

DEPARTMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to a department, or division.

Departure

DEP`ARTURE, noun The act of going away; a moving from or leaving a place; as a departure from London.

2. Death; decease; removal from the present life.

The time of my departure is at hand. 2 Timothy 4.

3. A forsaking; abandonment; as a departure from evil.

4. A desisting; as a departure from a purpose.

5. Ruin; destruction. Ezekiel 26.

6. A deviation from the title or defense in pleading.

Blackstone.

7. In navigation, the distance of two places on the same parallel, counted in miles of the equator.

Mar. Dict.

Depascent

DEPAS'CENT, adjective [Latin depascens, depascor; de and pascor, to feed.] Feeding.

Depasture

DEP`ASTURE, verb transitive [Latin depascor, supra.] To eat up; to consume.

Spenser.

Depasture

DEP`ASTURE, verb intransitive To feed; to graze.

If a man takes in a horse, or other cattle, to graze and depasture in his grounds, which the law calls agistmentÃ‚--

Blackstone.

Depasturing

DEP`ASTURING, participle of the present tense Feeding; grazing; eating up.

Depauperate

DEPAU'PERATE, verb transitive [Latin depaupero; de and paupero, to beggar, from pauper, poor; Spanish empobrecer.]

To make poor; to impoverish; to deprive of fertility or richness; as, to depauperate the soil or the blood.

Mortimer. Arbuthnot.

Depauperated

DEPAU'PERATED, participle passive Impoverished; made poor.

Depauperating

DEPAU'PERATING, participle of the present tense Impoverishing; making poor.

Depectible

DEPEC'TIBLE, adjective [Latin depecto, to comb.] Tough; thick. [Not used.]

Depeinct

DEPEINCT', verb transitive [Latin depingo.] To paint. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Depend

DEPEND', verb intransitive [Latin dependo; de and pendeo, to hang; Spanish depender; Italian dipendere; French dependre; Armoric depanta.]

1. To hang; to be sustained by being fastened or attached to something above; followed by from.

From the frozen beard

Long icicles depend.

Dryden.

2. To be connected with any thing, as the cause of its existence or of its operation and effects; to rely on; to have such connection with any thing as a cause, that without it, the effect would not be produced; followed by on or upon. We depend on God for existence; we depend on air for respiration; vegetation depends on heat and moisture; the infant depends on its parents for support; the peace of society depends on good laws and a faithful administration.

3. To adhere; to hold to; to be retained. [See Dependent.]

Shak.

4. To be in suspense; to be undetermined; as, the cause still depends. But the verb is seldom used in this sense. We use the participle; as, the suit is still depending in court. [See Pending.]

5. To rely; to rest with confidence; to trust; to confide; to have full confidence or belief. We depend on the word or assurance of our friends. We depend on the arrival of the mail at the usual hour. Depend on it, the knave will deceive us.

To depend on or upon, to rely; to trust in, with confidence.

Dependable

DEPEND'ABLE, adjective That may be depended on; as dependable friendships. [Not in use.]

Pope.

Dependence

DEPEND'ENCE, or DEPEND'ENCY, noun A state of hanging down from a supporter.

2. Any thing hanging down; a series of things hanging to another.

And made a long dependence from the bough.

Dryden.

3. Concatenation; connection by which one thing is sustained by another, in its place, operations or effects, or is affected by it.

But of this frame the bearings and the ties,

The strong connections, nice dependenciesÃ‚--

Pope.

4. A state of being at the disposal of another; a state of being subject to the will of an intelligent cause, or to the power and operation of any other cause; inability to sustain itself without the aid of.

We ought to feel our dependence on God for life and support. The child should be sensible of his dependence on his parents. In the natural and moral world, we observe the dependence of one thing on another.

5. Reliance; confidence; trust; a resting on; as, we may have a firm dependence on the promises of God.

6. Accident; that of which the existence presupposes the existence of something else; that which pertains to something else; as modes which are considered as dependencies or affections of substances.

Locke.

7. That which is attached to, but subordinate to something else; as this earth and its dependencies.

Burnet.

8. A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; as distant isles or countries. Great Britain has its dependencies, in Asia, Africa and America.

Dependent

DEPEND'ENT, adjective Hanging down; as a dependent leaf.

The furs in the tails were dependent.

Peacham.

2. Subject to the power of; at the disposal of; not able to exist or sustain itself without the will or power of. Thus, we are dependent on God and his providence; an effect may be dependent on some unknown cause.

3. Relying on for support or favor; unable to subsist or to perform any thing, without the aid of.

Children are dependent on their parents for food and clothing. The pupil is dependent on his preceptor for instruction.

Dependent

DEPEND'ENT, noun One who is at the disposal of another; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another for support or favor; a retainer; as, the prince was followed by a numerous train of dependents.

Depender

DEPEND'ER, noun One who depends; a dependent.

Shak.

Depending

DEPEND'ING, participle of the present tense Hanging down; relying.

2. adjective Pending; undecided; as a suit or question.

Deperdit

DEPER'DIT, adjective [Latin deperditus.] That which is lost or destroyed.

Paley.

Deperdition

DEPERDI'TION, noun Loss; destruction. [See Perdition.]

Brown.

Dephlegmate

DEPHLEG'MATE, verb transitive [de and Greek, phlegm, from, to burn.]

To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation, used of spirit and acids; to clear spirit or acids of aqueous matter; to rectify.

Coxe. Encyc.

[Dephlegm is used by Boyle.]

Dephlegmation

DEPHLEGMA'TION, noun The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; called also concentration, particularly when acids are the subject.

Encyc.

Dephlegmedness

DEPHLEG'MEDNESS, noun A state of being freed from water. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Dephlogisticate

DEPHLOGIS'TICATE, verb transitive [de and Greek, burnt, inflammable, from, to burn. See Phlogiston.]

To deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflammability.

Priestley.

Dephlogisticated

DEPHLOGIS'TICATED, participle passive Deprived of phlogiston. Dephlogisticated air, is an elastic fluid capable of supporting animal life and flame much longer than common air. It is now called oxygen, oxygen gas, or vital air.

Depict

DEPICT', verb transitive [Latin depingo, depictum; de and pingo, to paint.]

To paint; to portray; to form a likeness in colors; as, to depict a lion on a shield.

Taylor.

2. To describe; to represent in words; as, the poet depicts the virtues of his hero in glowing language.

Depicted

DEPICT'ED, participle passive Painted; represented in colors; described.

Depicting

DEPICT'ING, participle of the present tense Painting; representing in colors, or in words.

Depicture

DEPIC'TURE, verb transitive [de and picture.] To paint; to picture; to represent in colors. [See Depict.]

Weever.

Depilate

DEP'ILATE, verb transitive [Latin depilo; de and pilus, hair.] To strip of hair.

Depilation

DEPILA'TION, noun The act of pulling off the hair.

Dryden.

Depilatory

DEPIL'ATORY, adjective Having the quality or power to take off hair and make bald.

Depilatory

DEPIL'ATORY, noun Any application which is used to take off the hair of an animal body; such as lime and orpiment.

Encyc.

Depilous

DEP'ILOUS, adjective Without hair. [Not used.]

Brown.

Deplantation

DEPLANTA'TION, noun [Latin deplanto.] The act of taking up plants from beds.

Depletion

DEPLE'TION, noun [Latin depleo; de and pleo, to fill.]

The act of emptying; particularly, in the medical art, the act of diminishing the quantity of blood in the vessels by venesection; bloodletting.

Deplorable

DEPLO'RABLE, adjective [See Deplore.] That may be deplored or lamented; lamentable; that demands or causes lamentation; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; miserable; wretched; as, the evils of life are deplorable; the Pagan world is in a deplorable condition.

Deplorate, in a like sense, is not used.

2. In popular use, low; contemptible; pitiable; as deplorable stupidity.

Deplorableness

DEPLO'RABLENESS, noun The state of being deplorable; misery; wretchedness; a miserable state.

Deplorably

DEPLO'RABLY, adverb In a manner to be deplored; lamentably; miserably; as, manners are deplorably corrupt.

Deploration

DEPLORA'TION, noun The act of lamenting. In music, a dirge or mournful strain.

Deplore

DEPLO'RE, verb transitive [Latin deploro; de and ploro, to howl, to wail; French deplorer; Italian deplorare; Spanish deplorar, llorar.]

To lament; to bewail; to mourn; to feel or express deep and poignant grief for. We deplored the death of Washington.

Deplored

DEPLO'RED, participle passive Lamented; bewailed; deeply regretted.

Deploredly

DEPLO'REDLY, adverb Lamentably. [Not used.]

Taylor.

Deplorer

DEPLO'RER, noun One who deplores, or deeply laments; a deep mourner.

Deploring

DEPLO'RING, participle of the present tense Bewailing; deeply lamenting.

Deploy

DEPLOY', verb transitive [French deployer; de and player, or plier, to fold; Latin plico; Greek; Armoric plega; Spanish plegar; Italian piegare; Welsh plygu. Hence Spanish desplegar, to display; Italian spiegare. Deploy is only a different orthography of deplier, Spanish desplegar, to display.]

To display; to open; to extend; a a military term.

Deploy

DEPLOY', verb intransitive To open; to extend; to form a more extended front or line.

Deploying

DEPLOY'ING, participle of the present tense Opening; extending; displaying.

Deplumation

DEPLUMA'TION, noun [See Deplume.] The stripping or falling off of plumes or feathers.

2. A tumor of the eye-lids with loss of hair.

Coxe.

Deplume

DEPLU'ME, verb transitive [Latin deplumo; de and pluma, a feather; Spanish desplumar; Italian spiumare.]

To strip or pluck off feathers; to deprive of plumage.

Hayward.

Deplumed

DEPLU'MED, participle passive Stripped of feathers or plumes.

Depluming

DEPLU'MING, participle of the present tense Stripping off plumes or feathers.

Depolarize

DEPO'LARIZE, verb transitive To deprive of polarity. [See Polarity.]

Ure.

Depone

DEPO'NE, verb transitive [Latin depono.] To lay down as a pledge; to wage. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Deponent

DEPO'NENT, adjective [Latin deponens, depono; de and pono, to lay.] Laying down.

2. A deponent verb, in the Latin Grammar, is a verb which has a passive termination, with an active signification, and wants one of the passive participles; as, loquor, to speak.

Deponent

DEPO'NENT, noun One who deposes, or gives a deposition under oath; one who gives written testimony to be used as evidence in a court of justice. With us in New England, this word is never used, I believe, for a witness who gives oral testimony in court. In England, a deponent is one who gives answers under oath to interrogatories exhibited in chancery.

2. A deponent verb.

Depopulate

DEPOP'ULATE verb transitive [Latin depopulor; de and populor, ravage or lay waste, from populus, people; Spanish despoblar; Italian spopolare; French depeupler.]

To dispeople; to unpeople; to deprive of inhabitants, whether by death, or by expulsion. It is not synonymous with laying waste or destroying, being limited to the loss of inhabitants; as, an army or a famine may depopulate a country. It rarely expresses an entire loss of inhabitants, but often a great diminution of their numbers. The deluge nearly depopulated the earth.

Depopulate

DEPOP'ULATE, verb intransitive To become dispeopled.

Depopulated

DEPOP'ULATED, participle passive Dispeopled; deprived of inhabitants.

Depopulating

DEPOP'ULATING, participle of the present tense Dispeopling; depriving of inhabitants.

Depopulation

DEPOPULA'TION, noun The act of dispeopling; destruction or expulsion of inhabitants.

Depopulator

DEPOP'ULATOR, noun One who depopulates; one who destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town or country; a dispeopler.

Deport

DEPO'RT, verb transitive [French deporter; Spanish deportar; Latin deporto; de and porto, to carry.]

1. With the reciprocal pronoun, to carry; to demean; to behave.

Let an embassador deport himself in the most graceful manner before a prince.

Pope.

2. To transport; to carry away, or from one country to another.

He told us, he had been deported to Spain, with a hundred others like himself.

Walsh.

Deport

DEPO'RT, noun Behavior; carriage; demeanor; deportment; as goddess-like deport.

[A poetic word.]

Milton.

Deportation

DEPORTA'TION, noun Transportation; a carrying away; a removal from one country to another, or to a distant place; exile; banishment.

Ayliffe.

Deported

DEPO'RTED, participle passive Carried away; transported; banished.

Deporting

DEPO'RTING, participle of the present tense Carrying away; removing to a distant place or country; transporting; banishing.

Deportment

DEPO'RTMENT, noun [French deportement.] Carriage; manner of acting in relation to the duties of life; behavior; demeanor; conduct; management.

Swift.

Deposable

DEPO'SABLE, adjective That may be deposed, or deprived of office.

Howell.

Deposal

DEPO'SAL, noun The act of deposing, or divesting of office.

Fox.

Depose

DEPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French deposer; Latin depono, depositum; de and pono, to lay or put; Spanish deponer; Italian deporre.]

1. To lay down; to throw; to let fall; as, the flood deposed fine particles of earth on the bank of the river. In this sense, we now use deposit.

Woodward.

2. To reduce from a throne or other high station; to dethrone; to degrade; to divest of office; as, to depose a king or a pope.

3. To give testimony on oath, especially to give testimony which is committed to writing; to give answers to interrogatories, intended as evidence in a court.

4. To lay aside.

Barrow.

5. To take away; to strip; to divest. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. To examine on oath. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Depose

DEPO'SE, verb intransitive To bear witness.

Sidney.

Deposed

DEPO'SED, participle passive Dethroned; degraded; testified.

Deposer

DEPO'SER, noun One who deposes or degrades from office.

Deposing

DEPO'SING, participle of the present tense Dethroning; degrading; bearing witness.

Deposing

DEPO'SING, noun The act of dethroning.

Selden.

Deposit

DEPOS'IT, v. t. s as z. [Latin depositum, from depono.]

1. To lay down; to lay; to throw down. A crocodile deposits her eggs in the sand. A bird deposits eggs in a nest. An inundation deposits particles of earth on a meadow.

2. To lay up; to lay in a place for preservation. We deposit the produce of the earth in burns, cellars or storehouses. We deposit goods in a warehouse, and books in a library.

3. To lodge in the hands of a person for safe-keeping or other purpose; to commit to the care of; to entrust; to commit to one as a pledge. We say, the bond is deposited in the hands of an attorney; money is deposited as a pledge, or security.

4. To lay aside. [Little used.]

Deposit

DEPOS'IT, noun That which is laid or thrown down; any matter laid or thrown down, or lodged.

The deposit already formed affording to the succeeding portions of the charged fluid, a basis.

Kirwan.

2. Any thing entrusted to the care of another; a pledge; a pawn; a thing given as security, or for preservation; as, these papers are committed to you as a sacred deposit; he has a deposit of money in his hands.

3. A place where things are deposited; a depository.

4. A city or town where goods are lodged for safe-keeping or for reshipment. [French depot.]

In deposit, in a state of pledge, or for safe keeping.

Depositary

DEPOS'ITARY, noun [French depositaire; Low Latin depositarius.]

A person with whom any thing is left or lodged in trust; one to whom a thing is committed for safe keeping, or to be used for the benefit of the owner; a trustee; a guardian. The Jews were the depositaries of the sacred writings.

Depositing

DEPOS'ITING, participle of the present tense Laying down; pledging; repositing.

Deposition

DEPOSI'TION, noun [Latin depositio.] The act of laying or throwing down; as, soil is formed by the deposition of fine particles, during a flood.

2. That which is thrown down; that which is lodged; as, banks are sometimes depositions of alluvial matter.

3. The act of giving testimony under oath.

4. The attested written testimony of a witness; an affidavit.

5. The act of dethroning a king, or the degrading of a person from an office or station; a divesting of sovereignty, or of office and dignity; a depriving of clerical orders. A deposition differs from abdication; an abdication being voluntary, and a deposition, compulsory.

Depository

DEPOS'ITORY, noun A place where any thing is lodged for safe-keeping. A warehouse is a depository for goods; a clerk's office, for records.

Depositum

DEPOS'ITUM, noun A deposit. [Not English, nor in use.]

Depot

DEPOT. [A French word. See Deposit.]

Depravation

DEPRAVA'TION, noun [Latin depravatio. See Deprave.]

1. The act of making bad or worse; the act of corrupting.

2. The state of being made bad or worse; degeneracy; a state in which good qualities are lost, or impaired. We speak of the depravation of morals, manners or government; of the heart or mind; of nature, taste, &c.

3. Censure; defamation. [Not used.]

Shak.

Deprave

DEPRA'VE v.t. [Latin depravo; de and pravus, crooked, perverse, wicked.]

1. To make bad or worse; to impair good qualities; to make bad qualities worse; to vitiate; to corrupt; as, to deprave manners, morals, government, laws; to deprave the heart, mind, will, understanding, taste, principles, &c.

2. To defame; to vilify. [Not now used.]

Shak. Spenser.

Depraved

DEPRA'VED, participle passive Made bad or worse; vitiated; tainted; corrupted.

2. adjective Corrupt; wicked; destitute of holiness or good principles.

Depravedly

DEPRA'VEDLY, adverb In a corrupt manner.

Depravedness

DEPRA'VEDNESS, noun Corruption; taint; a vitiated state.

Hammond.

Depravement

DEPRA'VEMENT, noun A vitiated state.

Brown.

Depraver

DEPRA'VER, noun A corrupter; he who vitiates; a vilifier.

Depraving

DEPRA'VING, participle of the present tense Making bad; corrupting.

Depraving

DEPRA'VING, noun A traducing.

Obs.

Depravity

DEPRAV'ITY, noun Corruption; a vitiated state; as the depravity of manners and morals.

Burke.

2. A vitiated state of the heart; wickedness; corruption of moral principles; destitution of holiness or good principles.

Deprecate

DEP'RECATE, verb transitive [Latin deprecor; de and precor, to pray. See Pray and Preach.]

1. To pray against; to pray or intreat that a present evil may be removed, or an expected one averted.

The judgments we would deprecate are not removed.

Smallridge.

We should all deprecate the return of war.

2. More generally, to regret; to have or to express deep sorrow at a present evil, or at one that may occur. This word is seldom used to express actual prayer: but it expresses deep regret that an evil exists or may exist, which implies a strong desire that it may be removed or averted.

2. To implore mercy of. [Improper.]

Prior.

Deprecated

DEP'RECATED, participle passive Prayed against; deeply regretted.

Deprecating

DEP'RECATING, participle of the present tense Praying against; regretting.

Deprecation

DEPRECA'TION, noun A praying against; a praying that an evil may be removed or prevented.

Milton.

2. Intreaty; petitioning; an excusing; a begging pardon for.

Johnson.

Deprecator

DEP'RECATOR, noun One who deprecates.

Deprecatory

DEP'RECATORY, or DEP'RECATIVE, adjective That serves to deprecate; tending to remove or avert evil by prayer; as deprecatory letters.

Bacon.

2. Having the form of prayer.

Depreciate

DEPRE'CIATE, verb transitive [Low Latin deprelio; de and pretium, price; French depriser. See Price.]

1. To lessen the price of a thing; to cry down the price or value.

2. To undervalue; to represent as of little value or merit, or of less value than is commonly supposed; as, one author is apt to depreciate the works of another, or to depreciate their worth.

3. To lower the value. The issue of a superabundance of notes depreciates them, or depreciates their value.

Depreciate

DEPRE'CIATE, verb intransitive To fall in value; to become of less worth. A paper currency will depreciate, unless it is convertible into specie. Estates are apt to depreciate in the hands of tenants on short leases. Continental bills of credit, issued by the congress, during the revolution, depreciated to the one hundredth part of their nominal value.

Depreciated

DEPRE'CIATED, participle passive Lessened in value or price; undervalued.

Depreciating

DEPRE'CIATING, participle of the present tense Lessening the price or worth; undervaluing.

2. Falling in value.

Depreciation

DEPRECIA'TION, noun The act of lessening or crying down price or value.

2. The falling of value; reduction of worth; as the depreciation of bills of credit.

Depredate

DEP'REDATE, verb transitive [Latin deproedor; de and proedor, to plunder, proeda, prey.]

1. To plunder; to rob; to pillage; to take the property of an enemy or of a foreign country by force; as, the army depredated the enemy's country.

That kind of war which depredates and distresses individuals.

Marshall.

2. To prey upon; to waste; to spoil.

Bacon.

3. To devour; to destroy by eating; as, wild animals depredate the corn.

Depredate

DEP'REDATE, verb intransitive To take plunder or prey; to commit waste; as, the troops depredated on the country.

Depredated

DEP'REDATED, participle passive Spoiled; plundered; wasted; pillaged.

Depredating

DEP'REDATING, participle of the present tense Plundering; robbing; pillaging.

Depredation

DEPREDA'TION, noun The act of plundering; a robbing; a pillaging.

2. Waste; consumption; a taking away by any act of violence. The sea often makes depredations on the land. Intemperance commits depredations on the constitution.

Depredator

DEP'REDATOR, noun One who plunders, or pillages; a spoiler; a waster.

Depredatory

DEP'REDATORY, adjective Plundering; spoiling; consisting in pillaging.

Encyc.

Deprehend

DEPREHEND', verb transitive [Latin deprehendo; de and prehendo, to take or seize.]

1. To catch; to take unawares or by surprise; to seize, as a person committing an unlawful act.

More. Hooker.

2. To detect; to discover; to obtain the knowledge of.

Bacon.

Deprehended

DEPREHEND'ED, participle passive Taken by surprise; caught; seized; discovered.

Deprehending

DEPREHEND'ING, participle of the present tense Taking unawares; catching; seizing; discovering.

Deprehensible

DEPREHEN'SIBLE, adjective That may be caught, or discovered.

Deprehensibleness

DEPREHEN'SIBLENESS, noun Capableness of being caught or discovered.

Deprehension

DEPREHEN'SION, noun A catching or seizing; a discovery.

[Deprehend and its derivatives are little used.]

Depress

DEPRESS', verb transitive [Latin depressus, deprimo; de and pressus, premo, to press.]

1. To press down; to press to a lower state or position; as, to depress the end of a tube, or the muzzle of a gun.

2. To let fall; to bring down; as, to depress the eye.

3. To render dull or languid; to limit or diminish; as, to depress commerce.

4. To sink; to lower; to deject; to make sad; as, to depress the spirits or the mind.

5. To humble; to abase; as, to depress pride.

6. To sink in altitude; to cause to appear lower or nearer the horizon; as, a man sailing towards the equator depresses the pole.

7. To impoverish; to lower in temporal estate; as, misfortunes and losses have depressed the merchants.

8. To lower in value; as, to depress the price of stock.

Depressed

DEPRESS'ED, participle passive Pressed or forced down; lowered; dejected; dispirited; sad; humbled; sunk; rendered languid.

2. In botany, a depressed leaf is hollow in the middle, or having the disk more depressed than the sides; used of succulent leaves, and opposed to conver.

Martyn.

Depressing

DEPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Pressing down; lowering in place; letting fall; sinking; dejecting; abasing; impoverishing; rendering languid.

Depression

DEPRES'SION, noun The act of pressing down; or the state of being pressed down; a low state.

2. A hollow; a sinking or falling in of a surface; or a forcing inwards; as roughness consisting in little protuberances and depressions; the depression of the skull.

3. The act of humbling; abasement; as the depression of pride; the depression of the nobility.

4. A sinking of the spirits; dejection; a state of sadness; want of courage or animation; as depression of the mind.

5. A low state of strength; a state of body succeeding debility in the formation of disease.

Coxe.

6. A low state of business or of property.

7. The sinking of the polar star towards the horizon, as a person recedes from the pole towards the equator. Also, the distance of a star from the horizon below, which is measured by an arch of the vertical circle or azimuth, passing through the star, intercepted between the star and the horizon.

Bailey. Encyc.

8. In algebra, the depression of an equation, is the bringing of it into lower and more simple terms by division.

Bailey.

Depressive

DEPRESS'IVE, adjective Able or tending to depress or cast down.

Depressor

DEPRESS'OR, noun He that presses down; an oppressor.

2. In anatomy, a muscle that depresses or draws down the part to which it is attached; as the depressor of the lower jaw, or of the eyeball. It is called also depriment or deprimens.

Deprivable

DEPRI'VABLE, adjective [See Deprive.] That may be deprived.

A chaplain shall be deprivable by the founder, not by the bishop.

Encyc.

[See Deprive, No.4.]

Deprivation

DEPRIVA'TION, noun [See Deprive.] The act of depriving; a taking away.

2. A state of being deprived; loss; want; bereavement by loss of friends or of goods.

3. In law, the act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spiritual promotion or dignity; the taking away of a preferment; deposition. This is of two kinds; a beneficio, and ab officio. The former is the deprivation of a minister of his living or preferment; the latter, of his order, and otherwise called deposition or degradation.

Encyc.

Deprive

DEPRI'VE, verb transitive [Latin de and privo, to take away, Spanish privar, Italian privare, French priver. See Private.]

1. To take from; to bereave of something possessed or enjoyed; followed by of; as, to deprive a man of sight; to deprive one of strength, of reason, or of property. This has a general signification, applicable to a lawful or unlawful taking.

God hath deprived her of wisdom. Job 39.

2. To hinder from possessing or enjoying; to debar.

From his face I shall be hid, deprived Of his blessed countenance.

Milton.

[This use of the word is not legitimate, but common.]

3. To free or release from.

Spenser.

4. To divest of an ecclesiastical preferment, dignity or office; to divest of orders; as a bishop, prebend or vicar.

Deprived

DEPRI'VED, participle passive Bereft; divested; hindered; stripped of office or dignity; deposed; degraded.

Deprivement

DEPRI'VEMENT, noun The state of losing or being deprived.

Depriver

DEPRI'VER, noun He or that which deprives or bereaves.

Depriving

DEPRI'VING, participle of the present tense Bereaving; taking away what is possessed; divesting; hindering from enjoying; deposing.

Depth

DEPTH, noun [from deep.] Deepness; the distance or measure of a thing from the surface to the bottom, or to the extreme part downwards or inwards. The depth of a river may be ten feet. The depth of the ocean is unfathomable. The depth of a wound may be an inch. In a vertical direction, depth is opposed to highth.

2. A deep place.

3. The sea, the ocean.

The depth closed me round about. Jonah 2.

4. The abyss; a gulf of infinite profundity.

When he set a compass on the face of the depth. Proverbs 8.

5. The middle or highth of a season, as the depth of winter; or the middle, the darkest or stillest part, as the depth of night; or the inner part, a part remote from the border, as the depth of a wood or forest.

6. Abstruseness; obscurity; that which is not easily explored; as the depth of a science.

7. Unsearchableness; infinity.

O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God. Romans 11.

8. The breadth and depth of the love of Christ, are its vast extent.

9. Profoundness; extent of penetration, or of the capacity of penetrating; as depth of understanding; depth of skill.

10. The depth of a squadron or battalion, is the number of men in a file, which forms the extent from the front to the rear; as a depth of three men or six men.

11. Depth of a sail, the extent of the square sails from the head-rope to the foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech of a stay-sail or boom-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Depulsion

DEPUL'SION, noun [Latin depulsio; de and pello, to drive.]

A driving or thrusting away. [See Repulsion.]

Depulsory

DEPUL'SORY, adjective Driving or thrusting away; averting.

Depurate

DEP'URATE, verb transitive [French depurer; Italian depurare; Spanish depurar; from de and pus, puris.]

To purify; to free from impurities, heterogeneous matter or feculence; a chimical term.

Depurated

DEP'URATED, participle passive Purified from heterogeneous matter, or from impurities.

E. Stiles.

Depurating

DEP'URATING, participle of the present tense Purifying; freeing from impurities.

Depuration

DEPURA'TION, noun The act of purifying or freeing fluids from heterogeneous matter. This is done by decantation, when the feculent matter is deposited on the bottom of the vessel; or by despumation, effected by boiling or fermentation, and skimming; or by filtration; or by fining or clarification.

Parr.

2. The cleansing of a wound from impure matter.

Depuratory

DEP'URATORY, adjective Cleansing; purifying; or tending to purify. A depuratory fever, is a fever that expels morbid matter by a free perspiration.

Sydenham.

Depure

DEPU'RE, verb transitive To depurate. [Not used.]

Deputation

DEPUTA'TION, noun [French id.; Italian deputazione; Spanish diputacion. See Depute.]

1. The act of appointing a substitute or representative to act for another; the act of appointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact business for another; as his agent, either with a special commission and authority, or with general powers. This word may be used for the election of representatives to a legislature; but more generally it is employed to express the appointment of a special agent or commissioner, by an individual or public body, to transact a particular business.

2. A special commission or authority to act as the substitute of another; as, this man acts by deputation from the sheriff.

3. The person deputed; the person or persons authorized and sent to transact business for another; as, the General sent a deputation to the enemy to offer terms of peace.

Depute

DEPU'TE, verb transitive [French deputer; Italian deputare; Portugese deputar; Spanish diputar; Latin deputo, but differently applied; de and puto. The primary sense of puto is to thrust, throw, send; but it has various applications. See Class Bd. No.13. 19.]

To appoint as a substitute or agent to act for another; to appoint and send with a special commission or authority to transact business in another's name. The sheriff deputes a man to serve a writ.

There is no man deputed by the king to hear. 2 Samuel 15.

The bishop may depute a priest to administer the sacrament.

Ayliffe.

Deputed

DEPU'TED, participle passive Appointed as a substitute; appointed and sent with special authority to act for another.

Deputing

DEPU'TING, participle of the present tense Appointing as a substitute; appointing and sending with a special commission to transact business for another.

Deputize

DEP'UTIZE, verb transitive To appoint a deputy; to empower to act for another, as a sheriff.

Deputy

DEP'UTY, noun [French deputÃƒ-©.] A person appointed or elected to act for another, especially a person sent with a special commission to act in the place of another; a lieutenant; a viceroy. A prince sends a deputy to a diet or council, to represent him and his dominions. A sheriff appoints a deputy to execute the duties of his office. The towns in New England send deputies to the legislature. In the latter sense, a deputy has general powers, and it is more common to use the word representative.

2. In law, one that exercises an office in another's right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such deputy shall cause the person he represents to lose his office.

Phillips.

Deputy-Collector

DEPUTY-COLLECTOR, noun A person appointed to perform the duties of a collector of the customs, in place of the collector.

Deputy-Marshal

DEPUTY-M`ARSHAL, noun One appointed to act in the place of the marshal.

Deputy-Post-Master

DEPUTY-POST-MASTER, noun A person who is appointed to act as post-master, in subordination to the Post-Master General.

Deputy-Sheriff

DEPUTY-SHERIFF, noun A person deputed or authorized to perform the duties of the sheriff, as his substitute. In like manner, we use deputy-commissary, deputy-pay-master, &c.

Der

DER, prefixed to names of places, may be from Saxon deor, a wild beast, or from dur, water.

Deracinate

DERAC'INATE, verb transitive [French deraciner; de and racine, a root.]

To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate. [Little used.]

Shak.

Deracinated

DERAC'INATED, participle passive Plucked up by the roots; extirpated.

Deracinating

DERAC'INATING, participle of the present tense Tearing up by the roots; extirpating.

Deraign

DERA'IGN, or DERA'IN, verb transitive [Norm. derener, dereigner, deraigner, or derainer.]

To prove; to justify; to vindicate, as an assertion; to clear one's self. [An old law term, now disused.]

Deraignment

DERA'IGNMENT, or DERA'INMENT, noun The act of deraining; proof; justification.

A like word was formerly used in the sense of disordering, derangement, a discharge from a profession, or departure from a religious order. [French deranger; de and ranger.]

Derange

DERANGE, verb transitive [French deranger; de and ranger, to set in order, from rang, rank; Armoric direncqa.]

1. To put out of order; to disturb the regular order of; to throw into confusion; as, to derange the plans of a commander, or the affairs of a nation.

I had long supposed that nothing could derange or interrupt the course of putrefaction.

Lavoisier, Tran.

2. To embarrass; to disorder; as, his private affairs are deranged.

3. To disorder the intellect; to disturb the regular operations of reason.

4. To remove from place or office, as the personal staff of a principal military officer. Thus when a general officer resigns or is removed from office, the personal staff appointed by himself are said to be deranged.

Welsh H. Sumner.

Deranged

DERANGED, participle passive Put out of order; disturbed; embarrassed; confused; disordered in mind; delirious; distracted.

Derangement

DERANGEMENT, noun A putting out of order; disturbance of regularity or regular course; embarrassment.

Washington.

2. Disorder of the intellect or reason; delirium; insanity; as a derangement of the mental organs.

Paley.

Deranging

DERANGING, participle of the present tense Putting out of order; disturbing regularity or regular course; embarrassment; confusion.

Hamilton.

2. Disordering the rational powers.

Deray

DERA'Y, verb transitive [from the French.] Tumult; disorder; merriment. [Not in use.]

Douglas.

Dere

DERE, verb transitive [Saxon derian.] To hurt.

Obs.

Derelict

DER'ELICT, adjective [Latin derelictus, derelinquo; de and relinquo, to leave, re and linque, id. Class Lg.] Left; abandoned.

Derelict

DER'ELICT, noun In law, an article of goods, or any commodity, thrown away, relinquished or abandoned by the owner.

2. A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.

Dereliction

DERELIC'TION, noun [Latin derelictio.] The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim; an utter forsaking; abandonment.

2. The state of being left or abandoned.

Hooker.

3. A leaving or receding from; as the dereliction of the sea.

Blackstone.

Deride

DERI'DE, v.t. [Latin derideo; de and rideo, to laugh; Italian deridere. In French derider is to unwrinkle, from ride, a wrinkle. Probably the primary sense of Latin rideo is to wrinkle, to grin].

To laugh at in contempt; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to treat with scorn by laughter.

The Pharisees alsoÃ‚--derided him.

Luke 16.

Some, who adore Newton for his fluxions, deride him for his religion.

Berkeley.

Derided

DERI'DED, participle passive Laughed at in contempt; mocked; ridiculed.

Derider

DERI'DER, noun One who laughs at another in contempt; a mocker; a scoffer.

Hooker.

2. A droll or buffoon.

Deriding

DERI'DING, participle of the present tense Laughing at with contempt; mocking; ridiculing.

Deridingly

DERI'DINGLY, adverb By way of derision or mockery.

Derision

DERI'SION, n. s as z. [Latin derisio. See Deride.]

1. The act of laughing at in contempt.

2. Contempt manifested by laughter; scorn. I am in derision daily. Jeremiah 20.

3. An object of derision or contempt; a laughing-stock.

I was a derision to all my people. Lamentations 3.

Derisive

DERI'SIVE, adjective Containing derision; mocking; ridiculing.

Derisive taunts.

Pope.

Derisively

DERI'SIVELY, adverb With mockery or contempt.

Herbert.

Derisory

DERI'SORY, adjective Mocking; ridiculing.

Shaftesbury.

Derivable

DERI'VABLE, adjective [See Derive.] That may be derived; that may be drawn, or received, as from a source. Income is derivable from land, money or stocks.

2. That may be received from ancestors; as an estate derivable from an ancestor.

3. That may be drawn, as from premises; deducible; as an argument derivable from facts or preceding propositions.

4. That may be drawn from a radical word; as a word derivable from an Oriental root.

Derivate

DER'IVATE, noun [Latin derivatus.] A word derived from another.

Stuart.

Derivation

DERIVA'TION, noun [Latin derivatio.] The act of deriving, drawing or receiving from a source; as the derivation of an estate from ancestors, or of profits from capital, or of truth or facts from antiquity.

2. In grammar, the drawing or tracing of a word from its root or original; as, derivation is from the Latin derivo, and the latter from rivus, a stream.

3. A drawing from, or turning aside from, a natural course or channel; as the derivation of water from its channel by lateral drains.

4. A drawing of humors from one part of the body to another; as the derivation of humors from the eye, by a blister on the neck.

5. The thing derived or deduced.

Glanville.

Derivative

DERIV'ATIVE, adjective Derived; taken or having proceeded from another or something preceding; secondary; as a derivative perfection; a derivative conveyance, as a release.

Blackstone.

2. A derivative chord, in music, is one derived from a fundamental chord.

Derivative

DERIV'ATIVE, noun That which is derived; a word which takes its origin in another word, or is formed from it. Thus, depravity is a derivative from the Latin depravo, and acknowledge, from knowledge, and this from know, the primitive word.

2. In music, a chord not fundamental.

Derivatively

DERIV'ATIVELY, adverb In a derivative manner; by derivation.

Derive

DERI'VE, verb transitive [Latin derivo; de and rivus, a stream; French deriver; Spanish derivar; Italian derivare.]

1. To draw from, as in a regular course or channel; to receive from a source by a regular conveyance. The heir derives an estate from his ancestors. We derive from Adam mortal bodies and natures prone to sin.

2. To draw or receive, as from a source or origin. We derive ideas from the senses, and instruction from good books.

3. To deduce or draw, as from a root, or primitive word. A hundred words are often derived from a single monosyllabic root, and sometimes a much greater number.

4. To turn from its natural course; to divert; as, to derive water from the main channel or current into lateral rivulets.

5. To communicate from one to another by descent.

An excellent disposition is derived to your lordship from your parents.

Felton.

6. To spread in various directions; to cause to flow.

The streams of justice were derived into every part of the kingdom.

Davies.

Derive

DERI'VE, verb intransitive To come or proceed from. [Not common.]

Power from heaven derives.

Prior.

Derived

DERI'VED, participle passive Drawn, as from a source; deduced; received; regularly conveyed; descended; communicated; transmitted.

Deriver

DERI'VER, noun One who derives, or draws from a source.

South.

Deriving

DERI'VING, participle of the present tense Drawing; receiving; deducing; communicating; diverting or turning into another channel.

Dermal

DERM'AL, adjective [Greek, skin.] Pertaining to skin; consisting of skin.

Fleming.

Dermoid

DERM'OID, adjective [Greek, and.] Pertaining to the skin; a medical term.

Dern

DERN, adjective [Saxon dearn.] Solitary; sad; cruel.

Obs. More.

Dernful

DERN'FUL, adjective Sad; mournful.

Obs.

Dernier

DERNIE'R, adjective [French] Last; final; ultimate; as the dernier resort. [I know not that it is used in any other phrase.]

Dernly

DERN'LY, adverb Sadly; mournfully.

Obs. More.

Derogate

DER'OGATE, verb transitive [Latin derogo; de and rogo, to ask, to propose. In ancient Rome, rogo was used in proposing new laws, and derogo, in repealing some section of a law. Hence the sense is to take from or annul a part. Class Rg.]

1. To repeal, annul or destroy the force and effect of some part of a law or established rule; to lessen the extent of a law; distinguished from abrogate.

By several contrary customs, many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated.

Hale.

2. To lessen the worth of a person or thing; to disparage.

[In the foregoing senses, the word is now seldom used.]

Derogate

DER'OGATE, verb intransitive To take away; to detract; to lessen by taking away a part; as, say nothing to derogate from the merit or reputation of a brave man. [The word is generally used in this sense.]

2. To act beneath one's rank, place or birth. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Derogated

DER'OGATED, participle passive Diminished in value; degraded; damaged. [Shakspeare uses derogate in this sense.]

Derogately

DER'OGATELY, adverb In a manner to lessen or take from.

Shak.

Derogating

DER'OGATING, participle of the present tense Annulling a part; lessening by taking from.

Derogation

DEROGA'TION, noun The act of annulling or revoking a law, or some part of it. More generally, the act of taking away or destroying the value or effect of any thing, or of limiting its extent, or of restraining its operation; as, an act of parliament is passed in derogation of the king's prerogative; we cannot do any thing in derogation of the moral law.

2. The act of taking something from merit, reputation or honor; a lessening of value or estimation; detraction; disparagement; with from or of; as, I say not this in derogation of Virgil; let nothing be said in derogation from his merit.

Derogative

DEROG'ATIVE, adjective Derogatory. [The latter is mostly used.]

Derogatorily

DEROG'ATORILY, adverb In a detracting manner.

Derogatoriness

DEROG'ATORINESS, noun The quality of being derogatory.

Derogatory

DEROG'ATORY, adjective Detracting or tending to lessen by taking something from; that lessens the extent, effect or value; with to. Let us entertain no opinions derogatory to the honor of God, or his moral government. Let us say nothing derogatory to the merit of our neighbor.

2. A derogatory clause in a testament, is a sentence or secret character inserted by the testator, of which he reserves the knowledge to himself, with a condition that no will be may make hereafter shall be valid, unless this clause is inserted word for word; a precaution to guard against later wills extorted by violence or obtained by suggestion.

Encyc.

Derring

DER'RING, adjective Daring. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Dervis

DER'VIS, adjective [Persian.] A Turkish priest or monk, who professes extreme poverty, and leads an austere life.

Encyc.

Descant

DES'CANT, noun [Spanish discante, discantar; dis and Latin canto, to sing. See Cant. The French dechanter has a different sense.]

1. A song or tune composed in parts.

2. A song or tune with various modulations.

The wakeful nightingale All night long her amorous descant sung.

Milton.

3. A discourse; discussion; disputation; animadversion, comment, or a series of comments.

4. The art of composing music in several parts. Descant is plain, figurative and double.

Plain descant is the ground-work of musical compositions, consisting in the orderly disposition of concords, answering to simple counterpoint.

Figurative or florid descant, is that part of an air in which some discords are concerned.

Double descant, is when the parts are so contrived, that the treble may be made the base, and the base the treble.

Bailey. Encyc.

Descant

DESCANT', verb intransitive To run a division or variety with the voice, on a musical ground in true measure; to sing.

Bailey. Johnson.

2. To discourse; to comment; to make a variety of remarks; to animadvert freely.

A virtuous man should be pleased to find people descanting on his actions.

Addison.

Descanting

DESCANT'ING, participle of the present tense Singing in parts or with various modulations; discoursing freely; commenting.

Descanting

DESCANT'ING, noun Remark; conjecture.

Burnet.

Descend

DESCEND', verb intransitive [Latin descendo; de and scando, to climb; Welsh discynu, from cynu, to rise, cwn top; Italian discendere; French descendre; Spanish descender; Armoric disgenn. The root cwn is from extending, shooting, thrusting, as gin in begin.]

1. To move or pass from a higher to a lower place; to move, come or go downwards; to fall; to sink; to run or flow down; applicable to any kind of motion or of body. We descend on the feet, on wheels, or by falling. A torrent descends from a mountain.

The rains descended, and the floods came. Matthew 7.

2. To go down, or to enter.

He shall descend into battle and perish. 1 Samuel 26.

3. To come suddenly; to fall violently.

And on the suitors let thy wrath descend.

Pope.

4. To go in; to enter.

He, with honest meditations fed,

Into himself descended.

Milton.

5. To rush; to invade, as an enemy.

The Grecian fleet descending on the town.

Dryden.

6. To proceed from a source or original; to be derived. The beggar may descend from a prince, and the prince, from a beggar.

7. To proceed, as from father to son; to pass from a preceding possessor, in the order of lineage, or according to the laws of succession or inheritance. Thus, an inheritance descends to the son or next of kin; a crown descends to the heir.

8. To pass from general to particular considerations; as, having explained the general subject, we will descend to particulars.

9. To come down from an elevated or honorable station; in a figurative sense. Flavius is an honorable man; he cannot descend to acts of meanness.

10. In music, to fall in sound; to pass from any note to another less acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat.

Rousseau.

Descend

DESCEND', verb transitive To walk, move or pass downwards on a declivity; as, to descend a hill; to descend an inclined plain. [But this may be considered as elliptical; on or along being understood.]

Descendant

DESCEND'ANT, noun [French descendant; Latin descendens.]

Any person proceeding from an ancestor in any degree; issue; offspring, in the line of generation, ad infinitum. We are all the descendants of Adam and Eve.

Descendent

DESCEND'ENT, adjective Descending; falling; sinking.

2. Proceeding from an original or ancestor.

Pope.

Descendibility

DESCENDIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being descendible, or capable of being transmitted from ancestors; as the descendibility of an estate or of a crown.

Blackstone.

Descendible

DESCEND'IBLE, adjective That may be descended, or passed down; as, the hill is descendible.

2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir; as a descendible estate.

Descension

DESCEN'SION, noun [Latin descensio.] The act of going downwards; descent; a falling or sinking; declension; degradation.

2. In astronomy, right descension is an arch of the equinoctial, intercepted between the next equinoctial point and the intersection of the meridian, passing through the center of the object, at its setting, in a right sphere.

Encyc.

Oblique descension, is an arch of the equinoctial, intercepted between the next equinoctial point and the horizon, passing through the center of the object, at its setting, in an oblique sphere.

Encyc.

Oblique descension, is an arch of the equator which descends with the sun below the horizon of an oblique sphere.

Bailey.

Descension of a sign, is an arch of the equator, which sets with such a sign or part of the zodiac, or any planet in it.

Bailey.

Right descension of a sign, is an arch of the equator, which descends with the sign below the horizon of a right sphere; or the time the sign is setting in a right sphere.

Bailey.

Descensional

DESCEN'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to descent.

Descensive

DESCENS'IVE, adjective Tending downwards; having power to descend.

Sherwood.

Descent

DESCENT', noun [French descente; Latin descensus.]

1. The act of descending; the act of passing from a higher to a lower place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, rolling, sliding, sinking or falling.

2. Inclination downward; obliquity; slope; declivity; as the descent of a hill, or a roof.

3. Progress downward; as the descent from higher to lower orders of beings.

Locke.

4. Fall from a higher to a lower state or station.

Milton.

5. A landing from ships; invasion of troops from the sea; as, to make a descent on Cuba.

6. A passing from an ancestor to an heir; transmission by succession or inheritance; as the descent of an estate or a title from the father to the son. Descent is lineal, when it proceeds directly from the father to the son, and from the son to the grandson; collateral, when it proceeds from a man to his brother, nephew or other collateral representative.

7. A proceeding from an original or progenitor.

The Jews boast of their descent from Abraham. Hence,

8. Birth; extraction; lineage; as a noble descent.

9. A generation; a single degree in the scale of genealogy; distance from the common ancestor.

No man is a thousand descents from Adam,

Hooker.

10. Offspring; issue; descendants.

The care of our descent perplexes most.

Milton.

11. A rank in the scale of subordination.

Milton.

12. Lowest place.

Shak.

13. In music, a passing from a note or sound to one more grave or less acute.

Describable

DESCRI'BABLE, adjective That may be described; capable of description.

Describe

DESCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin describo; de and scribo, to write; Spanish describir; Italian descrivere; French decrire; Armoric discriva. See Scribe.]

1. To delineate or mark the form or figure; as, to describe a circle by the compasses.

2. To make or exhibit a figure by motion; as, a star describes a circle or an ellipsis in the heavens.

3. To show or represent to others in words; to communicate the resemblance of a thing, by naming its nature, form or properties. The poet describes the Trojan horse. The historian describes the battle of Pharsalia. The moralist describes the effects of corrupt manners. The geographer describes countries and cities.

4. To represent by signs. A deaf and dumb man may describe a distant object. Our passions may be described by external motions.

5. To draw a plan; to represent by lines and other marks on paper, or other material; as, to describe the surface of the earth by a map or chart.

6. To define laxly.

Gray.

Described

DESCRI'BED, participle passive Represented in form by marks or figures; delineated; represented by words or signs.

Describer

DESCRI'BER, noun One who describes by marks, words or signs.

Describing

DESCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Representing the form of figure of, by lines or marks; communicating a view of, by words or signs, or by naming the nature and properties.

Descried

DESCRI'ED, participle passive [See Descry.] Espied; discovered; seen.

Descrier

DESCRI'ER, noun [See Descry.] One who espies, or discovers; a discoverer; a detecter.

Crashaw.

Description

DESCRIP'TION, noun [Latin descriptio.] The act of delineating, or representing the figure of any thing by a plan, to be presented to the eye.

2. The figure or appearance of any thing delineated, or represented by visible lines, marks, colors, &c.; as the description of a country, or of Solomon's temple.

3. The act of representing a thing by words or by signs, or the passage containing such representation; a representation of names, nature or properties, that gives to another a view of the thing. Homer abounds with beautiful and striking descriptions. Hence,

4. A definition. All definitions must be less perfect descriptions of a material thing, than a visible figure or delineation.

5. The qualities expressed in a representation; as, a man of this description.

Burke.

Hence,

6. The persons having the qualities expressed; a class of persons to whom a description is applicable, or who are in a similar condition.

The secretary proceeds to examine, whether a difference ought to be permitted to remain between them and another description of public creditors.

Hamilton.

Persons of different descriptions.

Scott.

Descriptive

DESCRIP'TIVE, adjective Containing description; tending to describe; having the quality of representing; as a descriptive figure; a descriptive narration; a story descriptive of the age.

Descry

DESCRY', verb transitive [Norm. descrier or discriver, and discever, to discover.]

1. To espy; to explore; to examine by observation.

The house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. Judges 1.

2. To detect; to find out; to discover any thing concealed.

3. To see; to behold; to have a sight of from a distance; as, the seamen descried land.

4. To give notice of something suddenly discovered. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Descry

DESCRY', noun Discovery; thing discovered. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Descrying

DESCRY'ING, participle of the present tense Discovering; espying.

Desecrate

DES'ECRATE, verb transitive [Latin desecro; de and sacro, to consecrate, from sacer, sacred.]

1. To divert from a sacred purpose or appropriation; opposed to consecrate; as, to desecrate a donation to a church.

2. To divest of a sacred character or office.

The clergyÃ‚--cannot suffer corporal punishment, without being previously desecrated.

Tooke's Russia.

Desecrated

DES'ECRATED, participle passive Diverted from a sacred purpose or appropriation; divested of a sacred character or office.

Desecrating

DES'ECRATING, participle of the present tense Diverting from a purpose to which a thing is consecrated; divested of a sacred character or office.

Desecration

DESECRA'TION, noun The act of diverting from a sacred purpose or use to which a thing had been devoted; the act of diverting from a sacred character or office.

Desert

DES'ERT, a. s as z. [Latin desertus, desero; de and sero, to sow, plant or scatter; French desert; Spanish desierto.]

1. Literally, forsaken; hence, uninhabited; as a desert isle. Hence, wild; untilled; waste; uncultivated; as a desert land or country.

2. Void; empty; unoccupied.

Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,

And waste its sweetness on the desert air.

Gray.

Desert

DES'ERT, noun [Latin desertum.] An uninhabited tract of land; a region in its natural state; a wilderness; a solitude; particularly, a vast sandy plain, as the deserts of Arabia and Africa. But the word may be applied to an uninhabited country covered with wood.

Desert

DESERT', verb transitive [French deserter, from the adjective, and this from the Latin desertus, desero, to forsake.]

1. To forsake; to leave utterly; to abandon; to quit with a view not to return to; as, to desert a friend; to desert our country; to desert a cause.

2. To leave, without permission, a military band, or a ship, in which one is enlisted; to forsake the service in which one is engaged, in violation of duty; as, to desert the army; to desert one's colors; to desert a ship.

Desert

DESERT', verb intransitive To run away; to quit a service without permission; as, to desert from the army.

Desert

DESERT', noun [from deserve.] A deserving; that which gives a right to reward or demands, or which renders liable to punishment; merit or demerit; that which entitles to a recompense of equal value, or demands a punishment equal to the offense; good conferred, or evil done, which merits an equivalent return. A wise legislature will reward or punish men according to their deserts.

2. That which is deserved; reward or punishment merited. In a future life, every man will receive his desert.

Deserted

DESERT'ED, participle passive Wholly forsaken; abandoned; left.

Deserter

DESERT'ER, noun A person who forsakes his cause, his post, or his party or friend; particularly, a soldier or seaman who quits the service without permission, and in violation of his engagement.

Desertful

DESERT'FUL, adjective High in desert; meritorious.

Beaum.

Deserting

DESERT'ING, participle of the present tense Forsaking utterly; abandoning.

Desertion

DESER'TION, noun The act of forsaking or abandoning, as a party, a friend, a country, an army or military band, or a ship; the act of quitting, with an intention not to return.

2. The state of being forsaken by God; spiritual despondency.

The agonies of a soul under desertion.

South.

Desertless

DESERT'LESS, adjective Without merit or claim to favor or reward.

Dryden.

Desertlessly

DESERT'LESSLY, adverb Undeservedly.

Beaum.

Desertrice

DESERT'RICE, or DESERT'RIX, noun A female who deserts.

Milton.

Deserve

DESERVE, verb transitive dezerv'. [Latin descrvio; de and servio, to serve. The French deservir is not used.]

1. To merit; to be worthy of; applied to good or evil.

2. To merit by labor or services; to have a just claim to an equivalent for good conferred. The laborer deserves his wages; he deserves the value of his services.

3. To merit by good actions or qualities in general; to be worthy of, on account of excellence. The virtuous man deserves esteem and commendation. A work of value deserves praise.

4. To be worthy of, in a bad sense; to merit by an evil act; as, to deserve blame or punishment.

God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. Job 11.

Deserve

DESERVE, verb intransitive dezerv'. To merit; to be worthy of or deserving; as, he deserves well or ill of his neighbor.

Deserved

DESERV'ED, participle passive Merited; worthy of.

Deservedly

DESERV'EDLY, adverb Justly; according to desert, whether of good or evil. A man may be deservedly praised, blamed or punished.

Deserver

DESERV'ER, noun He who deserves or merits; one who is worthy of; used generally in a good sense.

Dryden.

Deserving

DESERV'ING, participle of the present tense Meriting; having a just claim to reward; justly meriting punishment.

2. adjective Worthy of reward or praise; meritorious; possessed of good qualities that entitle to approbation; as a deserving officer.

Deserving

DESERV'ING, noun The act of meriting; desert; merit.

If ye have done to him according to the deserving of his hands. Judges 9.

Deservingly

DESERV'INGLY, adverb Meritoriously; with just desert.

Deshabille

DESHABILLE, or DESHABIL, n. deshabil'. [French from de and habiller, to clothe. I have restored the true orthography.]

An undress; a loose morning dress; hence, any home dress; as, the lady is in deshabille. [It would be well to anglicize the orthography.]

Desiccant

DESIC'CANT, adjective [See Desiccate.] Drying.

Desiccant

DESIC'CANT, noun A medicine or application that dries a sore.

Wiseman.

Desiccate

DES'ICCATE, verb transitive [Latin desicco; de and sicco, to dry.]

To dry; to exhaust of moisture; to exhale or remove moisture from.

Desiccate

DES'ICCATE, verb intransitive To become dry.

Bacon. Hale.

Desiccated

DES'ICCATED, participle passive Dried.

Desiccating

DES'ICCATING, participle of the present tense Drying; exhausting moisture.

Desiccation

DESICCA'TION, noun The act of making dry; the state of being dried.

Bacon.

Desiccative

DESIC'CATIVE, adjective Drying; tending to dry; that has the power to dry.

Desiderate

DESID'ERATE, verb transitive [from the Latin] To want; to miss. [Not in use.]

Desideratum

DESIDERA'TUM, noun plu. desiderata. [LatindesideratusÃ‚--um, from desidero, to desire.]

That which is desired; that which is not possessed, but which is desirable; any perfection or improvement which is wanted. The longitude is a desideratum in navigation. A tribunal to settle national disputes without war is a great desideratum.

Design

DESI'GN, verb transitive desi'ne. [Latin designo; de and signo, to seal or stamp, that is, to set or throw; Spanish designar, disenar; Italian designare, disegnare; French designer, dessiner.]

1. To delineate a form or figure by drawing the outline; to sketch; as in painting and other works of art.

2. To plan; to form an outline or representation of any thing. Hence,

3. To project; to form in idea, as a scheme. Hence,

4. To purpose or intend; as, a man designs to write an essay, or to study law.

5. To mark out by tokens. [Not used.]

Locke.

6. To intend to apply or appropriate; with for; as, we design this ground for a garden, and that for a park. The word design may include an adapting or planning a thing for a purpose, or mere intention or scheme of the mind, which implies a plan. The father designs his son for the profession of the law, or for the ministry. It was formerly followed by to, but this use is now uncommon.

Design

DESI'GN, noun [French dessein.] A plan or representation of a thing by an outline; sketch; general view; first idea represented by visible lines; as in painting or architecture.

2. A scheme or plan in the mind. A wise man is distinguished by the judiciousness of his designs.

3. Purpose; intention; aim; implying a scheme or plan in the mind. It is my design to educate my son for the bar.

4. The idea or scheme intended to be expressed by an artist; as the designs of medals.

Addison.

5. In manufactories, the figures with which workmen enrich their stuffs, copied from painting or draughts.

Encyc.

6. In music, the invention and conduct of the subject; the disposition of every part, and the general order of the whole.

Rousseau.

Designable

DESI'GNABLE, adjective Capable of being designed or marked out.

2. Distinguishable.

Digby.

Designate

DES'IGNATE, verb transitive [Latin designo, designatum.]

1. To mark out or show, so as to make known; to indicate by visible lines, marks, description or something known and determinate; as, to designate the limits of a country; the limits are designated on the map; designate the spot where a star appears in the heavens; designate the place where our ancestors first landed.

2. To point out; to distinguish from others by indication; as, to be able to designate every individual who was concerned in a riot.

3. To appoint; to select or distinguish for a particular purpose; to assign; with for, as to designate an officer for the command of a station; or with to, as this captain was designated to that station.

Designate

DES'IGNATE, adjective Appointed; marked out.

[Little used.]

Designated

DES'IGNATED, participle passive Marked out; indicated; shown; pointed out; appointed.

Designating

DES'IGNATING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng out; indicating; pointing out; appointing.

Designation

DESIGNA'TION, noun The act of pointing or marking out by signs or objects; as the designation of an estate by boundaries.

2. Indication; a showing or pointing; a distinguishing from others.

3. Appointment; direction; as, a claim to a throne grounded on the designation of a predecessor.

4. Appointment; a selecting and appointing; assignment; as the designation of an officer to a particular command.

5. Import; distinct application.

Finite and infinite are primarily attributed in their first designation to things which have parts.

Locke.

Designative

DES'IGNATIVE, adjective Serving to designate or indicate.

Pritchard.

Designator

DES'IGNATOR, noun A Roman officer who assigned to each person his rank and place in public shows and ceremonies.

Designed

DESI'GNED, participle passive Marked out; delineated; planned; intended.

Designedly

DESI'GNEDLY, adverb By design; purposely; intentionally; opposed to accidentally, ignorantly, or inadvertently.

Designer

DESI'GNER, noun One who designs, marks out or plans; one who frames a scheme or project; a contriver.

2. One who plots; one who lays a scheme; in an ill sense.

Designfulness

DESI'GNFULNESS, noun Abundance of design. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Designing

DESI'GNING, participle of the present tense Forming a design; planning; delineating the outline; drawing figures on a plane.

2. adjective In an ill sense, artful; insidious; intriguing; contriving schemes of mischief; hence, deceitful. Designing men are always liable to suspicion.

Designing

DESI'GNING, noun The art of delineating objects.

Berkeley.

Designless

DESI'GNLESS, adjective Without design or intention; inadvertent.

Designlessly

DESI'GNLESSLY, adverb Without design; inadvertently; ignorantly.

Designment

DESI'GNMENT, noun Design; sketch; delineation.

Dryden.

2. Design; purpose; aim; intent; scheme.

Glanville. Shak.

[This word is now little used.]

Desinence

DES'INENCE, noun [Latin desino.] End; close.

Bp. Hall.

Desinent

DES'INENT, adjective Ending; extreme; lowermost.

B. Jonson.

Desipient

DESIP'IENT, adjective [Latin desipiens, desipio, to dote; de and sapio, to be wise.] Trifling; foolish; playful.

Desirable

DESI'RABLE, a. s as z. [See Desire.] Worthy of desire; that is to be wished for with sincerity or earnestness. An easy address is a desirable accomplishment; real virtue is still more desirable.

2. Pleasing; agreeable.

All of them desirable young men. Ezekiel 23.

Desirableness

DESI'RABLENESS, noun The quality of being desirable.

Goodman.

Desire

DESI'RE, n. s as z. [French desir; Italian desio; Spanish deseo; Portugese desejo; Armoric desir. Qu. Welsh dais.]

1. An emotion or excitement of the mind, directed to the attainment or possession of an object from which pleasure, sensual, intellectual or spiritual, is expected; a passion excited by the love of an object, or uneasiness at the want of it, and directed to its attainment or possession. Desire is a wish to possess some gratification or source of happiness which is supposed to be obtainable. A wish may exist for something that is or is not obtainable. Desire, when directed solely to sensual enjoyment, differs little from appetite. In other languages, desire is expressed by longing or reaching towards, [Greek, Latinappeto,] and when it is ardent or intense, it approaches to longing, but the word in English usually expresses less than longing.

We endeavoredÃ‚--to see your face with great desire. 1 Thessalonians 2.

Thou satisfiest the desires of every living thing. Psalm 145.

Desire is that internal act, which, by influencing the will, makes us proceed to action.

El. of Criticism.

2. A prayer or request to obtain:

He will fulfill the desire of them that fear him. Psalm 145.

3. The object of desire; that which is desired.

The desire of all nations shall come. Haggai 2.

4. Love; affection.

His desire is towards me. Cant. vii.

5. Appetite; lust.

Fulfilling the desires of the flesh. Ephesians 2.

Desire

DESI'RE, verb transitive [Frenchdesirer; Armoric desira; Italian desiare, or desirare; Spanishdesear; Portugese desejar: supposed to be contracted from Latin desidero; but qu. for the Spanish deseo, Italian desio, Portugese desejo, appear to be the Welsh dais, supra.]

1. To wish for the possession or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnestness; to covet. It expresses less strength of affection than longing.

Neither shall any man desire thy land. Exodus 34.

Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts.

1 Corinthians 14.

2. To express a wish to obtain; to ask; to request; to petition.

Then she said, did I desire a son of my Lord:

2 Kings 4.

3. To require. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Desired

DESI'RED, participle passive Wished for; coveted; requested; entreated.

Desireless

DESI'RELESS, adjective Free from desire.

Donne.

Desirer

DESI'RER, noun One who desires or asks; one who wishes.

Desiring

DESI'RING, participle of the present tense Wishing for; coveting; asking; expressing a wish; soliciting.

Desirous

DESI'ROUS, adjective Wishing for; wishing to obtain; coveting; solicitous to possess and enjoy.

Be not desirous of his dainties. Proverbs 23.

Jesus knew they were desirous to ask him.

John 16.

Desirously

DESI'ROUSLY, adverb With desire; with earnest wishes.

Desirousness

DESI'ROUSNESS, noun The state or affection of being desirous.

Desist

DESIST', verb intransitive [Latin desisto; de and sisto, to stand.]

To stop; to cease to act or proceed; to forbear; with from; as, he desisted from his purpose; let us desist.

Desistance

DESIST'ANCE, noun A ceasing to act or proceed; a stopping.

Boyle.

Desisting

DESIST'ING, participle of the present tense Ceasing to act or proceed.

Desitive

DES'ITIVE, adjective [Latin destitus.] Final; conclusive. obsolete

Watts.

Desk

DESK, noun [Dutch disch, a table, a dish; Saxon disc; German tisch; Danish Swedish disk; Russian doska; Latin discus; Greek See Dish.]

1. An inclining table for the use of writers and readers; usually made with a box or drawer underneath, and sometimes with a book-case above.

Pope.

2. The pulpit in a church, and figuratively the clerical profession. The man appears well in the desk. He intends one son for the bar, and another for the desk.

Desk

DESK, verb transitive To shut up in a desk; to treasure.

J. Hall.

Desmine

DES'MINE, noun A mineral that crystalizes in little silken tufts, which accompany spinellane in the lava of extinct volcanoes on the banks of the Rhine.

Lucas.

Desolate

DES'OLATE, adjective [Latin desolatus. See the Verb.]

1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; desert; uninhabited; denoting either stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabited; as a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness.

I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant. Jer ix.

2. Laid waste; in a ruinous condition; neglected; destroyed; as desolate altars; desolate towers. Ezek. Zeph.

3. Solitary; without a companion; afflicted.

Tamar remained desolate in Absalom's house.

2 Samuel 13.

Have mercy on me, for I am desolate. Psalm 25.

4. Deserted of God; deprived of comfort.

My heart within me is desolate. Psalm 143.

Desolate

DES'OLATE, verb transitive [Latin desolo, desolatus; de and solo, to lay waste, solus, alone; Spanish desolar; French desoler; Italian desolare.]

1. To deprive of inhabitants; to make desert. The earth was nearly desolated by the flood.

2. To lay waste; to ruin; to ravage; to destroy improvements or works of art. An inundation desolates fields. Whole countries have been desolated by armies.

Desolated

DES'OLATED, participle passive Deprived of inhabitants; wasted; ruined.

Desolately

DES'OLATELY, adverb In a desolate manner.

Desolater

DES'OLATER, noun One who lays waste or desolates; that which desolates.

Desolating

DES'OLATING, participle of the present tense Depriving of inhabitants; wasting; ravaging.

Desolation

DES'OLATION, noun The act of desolating; destruction or expulsion of inhabitants; destruction; ruin; waste.

Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation. Matthew 12.

2. A place deprived of inhabitants, or otherwise wasted, ravaged and ruined.

How is Babylon become a desolation among the nations. Jeremiah 50.

3. A desolate state; gloominess; sadness; destitution.

Shak. Thomson.

The abomination of desolation, Roman armies which ravaged and destroyed Jerusalem. Matthew 24.

Desolatory

DES'OLATORY, adjective Causing desolation.

Despair

DESPA'IR, noun [French desespoir. See the Verb.]

1. Hopelessness; a hopless state; a destitution of hope or expectation.

We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Corinthians 4.

All safety in despair of safety placed.

Denham.

2. That which causes despair; that of which there is no hope.

The mere despair of surgery, he cures.

shak.

3. Loss of hope in the mercy of God.

Sprat.

Despair

DESPA'IR, verb intransitive [French desesperer; des and esperer, to hope; Italian disperare; Spanish desesperar; Armoric disesperi; from Latin despero; de and spero, to hope.]

To be without hope; to give up all hope or expectation; followed by of.

We despaired even of life. 2 Corinthians 1.

Never despair of God's blessings here, or of his reward hereafter.

Wake.

Despairer

DESPA'IRER, noun One without hope.

Dryden.

Despairful

DESPA'IRFUL, adjective Hopeless.

Sidney.

Despairing

DESPA'IRING, participle of the present tense Giving up all hope or expectation.

Despairingly

DESPA'IRINGLY, adverb In a despairing manner; in a manner indicating hoplessness; as, he speaks despairingly of the sick man's recovery.

Despatch

DESPATCH. [See Dispatch.]

Despection

DESPEC'TION, noun [Latin despectio.] A looking down; a despising. [Little used.]

Desperado

DESPERA'DO, noun [from desperate.] A desperate fellow; a furious man; a madman; a person urged by furious passions; one fearless, or regardless of safety.

Desperate

DES'PERATE, adjective [Latin desperatus, from despero, to despair.] Without hope.

I am desperate of obtaining her.

Shak.

2. Without care of safety; rash; fearless of danger; as a desperate man. Hence,

3. Furious, as a man in despair.

4. Hopeless; despaired of; lost beyond hope of recovery; irretrievable; irrecoverable; forlorn. We speak of a desperate case of disease, desperate fortunes, a desperate situation or condition.

5. In a popular sense, great in the extreme; as a desperate sot or fool.

Pope.

Desperately

DES'PERATELY, adverb In a desperate manner; as in despair; hence, furiously; with rage; madly; without regard to danger or safety; as, the troops fought desperately.

2. In a popular sense, greatly; extremely; violently.

She fell desperately in love with him.

Addison.

Desperateness

DES'PERATENESS, noun Madness; fury; rash precipitance.

Desperation

DESPERA'TION, noun A despairing; a giving up of hope; as desperation of success.

Hammond.

2. Hopelessness; despair; as, the men were in a state of desperation. Hence,

3. Fury; rage; disregard of safety or danger; as, the men fought with desperation; they were urged to desperation.

Despicable

DES'PICABLE, adjective [Low Latin despicabilis, from despicio, to look down, to despise; de and specio, to look.]

That may be or deserves to be despised; contemptible; mean; vile; worthless; applicable equally to persons and things; as a despicable man; despicable company; a despicable gift.

Despicableness

DES'PICABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being despicable; meanness; vileness; worthlessness.

Despicably

DES'PICABLY, adverb Meanly; vilely; contemptibly; as despicably poor.

Despiciency

DESPI'CIENCY, noun [Latin despicio.] A looking down; a despising. [Little used.]

Mede.

Despisable

DESPI'SABLE, adjective Despicable; contemptiable.

Despisal

DESPI'SAL, noun Contempt. Obs.

Despise

DESPI'SE, v. t. despi'ze. [I doubt whether this word is formed from the Latin despicio. In Spanish and Portugese pisar is to tread down, and to despise. It appears to be of different origin from despite, and to be formed on the root of the Spanish word. We probably see its affinities in Spanishpison, a rammer, and the Latinpiso, to stamp, whence pistillum, pestle, piston, &c. The primary sense then is to thrust, drive, and hence to cast off or tread down, to despise.]

1. To contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have the lowest opinion of.

Fools despise wisdom and instruction. Proverbs 1. Else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Matthew 6.

2. To abhor.

Shak.

Despised

DESPI'SED, participle passive Contemned; disdained; abhorred.

Despisedness

DESPI'SEDNESS, noun The state of being despised.

Despiser

DESPI'SER, noun A contemner; a scorner.

Despising

DESPI'SING, participle of the present tense Contemning; scorning; disdaining.

Despising

DESPI'SING, noun Contempt.

Despisingly

DESPI'SINGLY, adverb With contempt.

Despite

DESPI'TE, noun [French depit; Norm. despite; Armoricdesped; Italian despetto, spite, malice. Qu. from Latin despectus, despicio. See Spite.]

1. Extreme malice; violent hatred; malignity; malice irritated or enraged; active malignity; angry hatred.

With all thy despite against the land of Israel. Ezekiel 25.

Thou wretch! despite o'erwhelm thee.

Shak.

2. Defiance with contempt, or contempt of opposition. [See Spite.]

He will rise to fame in despite of his enemies.

3. An act of malice or contempt; as a despite to the Most High.

Milton.

Despite

DESPI'TE, verb transitive To vex; to offend; to tease.

Raleigh.

Despiteful

DESPI'TEFUL, adjective Full of spite; malicious; malignant; as a despiteful enemy.

King Charles.

Haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters. Rom i.

Despitefully

DESPI'TEFULLY, adverb With despite; maliciously; contemptuously.

Pray for them that despitefully use you. Matthew 5.

Despitefulness

DESPI'TEFULNESS, noun Malice; extreme hatred; malignity.

Despiteous

DESPIT'EOUS, adjective Malicious. Obs.

Milton.

Despiteously

DESPIT'EOUSLY, adverb Furiously. Obs.

Spenser.

Despoil

DESPOIL', verb transitive [Latindespolio; de and spolio, to spoil; Frenchdepouiller; Italian spogliare; Spanish despojar; Portugese id. See Spoil.]

1. To strip; to take from by force; to rob; to deprive; followed by of; as, to despoil one of arms; to despoil of honors; to despoil of innocence.

2. To strip or divest by any means.

Woodward.

Despoiled

DESPOIL'ED, participle passive Stripped; robbed; bereaved; deprived.

Despoiler

DESPOIL'ER, noun One who strips by force; a plunderer.

Despoiling

DESPOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving; stripping; robbing.

Despoliation

DESPOLIA'TION, noun The act of despoiling; a stripping.

Despond

DESPOND', verb intransitive [Latin despondeo; de and spondeo, to promise; literally, to throw to or forward.]

1. To be cast down; to be depressed or dejected in mind; to fail in spirits.

I should despair, or at least despond.

Scott's Letters.

2. To lose all courage, spirit or resolution; to sink by loss of hope.

Others depress their own minds, and despond at the first difficulty.

Locke.

Note. The distinction between despair and despond is well marked in the foregoing passage from Scott. But although despair implies a total loss of hope, which despond does not, at least in every case, yet despondency is followed by the abandonment of effort, or cessation of action, and despair sometimes impels to violent action, even to rage.

Despondency

DESPOND'ENCY, noun A sinking or dejection of spirits at the loss of hope; loss of courage at the failure of hope, or in deep affliction, or at the prospect of insurmountable difficulties.

Despondent

DESPOND'ENT, adjective Losing courage at the loss of hope; sinking into dejection; depressed and inactive in despair.

Bentley. Thomson.

Desponder

DESPOND'ER, noun One destitute of hope.

Desponding

DESPOND'ING, participle of the present tense Losing courage to act, in consequence of loss of hope, or of deep clamity, or of difficulties deemed insurmountable; sinking into dejection; despairing, with depression of spirits.

Despondingly

DESPOND'INGLY, adverb In a desponding manner: with dejection of spirits; despairingly.

Desponsate

DESPONS'ATE, verb transitive [Latin desponso.] To betroth. [Not in use.]

Desponsation

DESPONSA'TION, noun A betrothing. [Not in use.]

Despot

DES'POT, noun [Greek, a master or lord; It despoto; French despote; Spanishdespoto.]

An emperor, king or prince invested with absolute power, or ruling without any control from men, constitution or laws. Hence in a general sense, a tyrant.

Burke.

Despotic

DESPOT'IC, or DESPOT'ICAL, adjective Absolute in power; independent of control from men, constitution or laws; arbitary in the exercise of power; as a despotic prince.

2. Unlimited or unrestrained by constitution, laws or men; absolute; arbitary; as despotic authority or power.

Addison. swift.

3. Tyrannical.

Despotically

DESPOT'ICALLY, adverb With unlimited power; arbitarily; in a despotic manner.

Blackstone.

Despoticalness

DESPOT'ICALNESS, noun Absolute or arbitary authority.

Despotism

DES'POTISM, noun [Spanish despotismo; French despotisme.]

1. Absolute power; authority unlimited and uncontrolled by men, constitution or laws, and depending alone on the will of the prince; as the despotism of a Turkish sultan.

2. An arbitary government, as that of Turkey and Persia.

Despumate

DES'PUMATE, verb intransitive [Latin despumo; de and spuma, froth or scum.]

To foam; to froth; to form froth or scum.

Despumation

DESPUMA'TION, noun The act of throwing off excrementitious matter and forming a froth or scum on the surface of liquor; clarification; scumming.

Coxe.

Desquamation

DESQUAMA'TION, noun [Latin desquamo; de and squama, a scale.]

A scaling or exfoliation of bone; the seperation of the cuticle in small scales.

Coxe.

Dess

DESS, fordesk. [Not in use.]

Chaucer. Spenser.

Desert

DESERT', noun dezzert'. [French dessert, from desservir, to clear the table; de and servir, to serve.]

A service of fruits and sweetmeats, at the close of an entertainment; the last course at the table, after the meat is removed.

Dryden.

Destinate

DES'TINATE, verb transitive [Latin destino, destinatus.]

To design or appoint. [Seldom used. See Destine.]

Destinate

DES'TINATE, adjective Appointed; destined; determined.

Morton.

Destination

DESTINA'TION, noun [Latin destinatio.] The act of destining, or appointing.

2. The purpose for which any thing is intended or appointed; end or ultimate design. Every animal is fitted for its destination.

3. The place to which a thing is appointed, as the ship left her destination; but it is more usual to say, the place of her destination.

Destine

DES'TINE, verb transitive [Latin deslino; probably de and stino or stano. There seems to have been a root of this orthography, different from Latin sto, which we find in obstinate, obstino, proestino, and in Russian stanovlyu is to set or place, stan is stature, and we have stanchion, and stone, Saxonstan, perhaps from the same root. The words beginning with st, as stable, steady, stage, stand, signify to set, but the difference of final articulation seems to indicate a difference of rootsÃ‚--stab, stad, stag, stan.]

1. To set, ordain or appoint to a use, purpose, state or place. We destine a son to the ministerial office; a house for a place of worship; a ship for the London trade or to Lisbon; and we are all destined to a future state of happines or misery.

2. To fix unalterably, as by a divine decree; as the destined hour of death.

3. To doom; to devote; to appoint unalterably.

Prior.

Destined

DES'TINED, participle passive ordained; appointed by previous determination; devoted; fixed unalterably.

Destining

DES'TINING, participle of the present tense Ordaining; appointing.

Destiny

DES'TINY, noun [French destin; Italiandestino; Spanishid.] State or condition appointed or predetermined; ultimate fate; as, men are solicitous to know their future destiny, which is however happily concealed from them.

2. Invincible necessity; fate; a necessity or fixed order of things established by a divine decree, or by an indissoluble connection of causes and effects.

But who can turn the stream of destiny?

Spenser.

Destinies, the fates, or supposed powers which preside over human life, spin it out, and determine it; called by the Latins, parcoe.

Destitute

DES'TITUTE, adjective [Latindestitutus, destituo; de and statuo, to set. Literally, set from or away.]

1. Not having or possessing; wanting; as destitute of virtue, or of piety; destitute of food and clothing. It differs from deprived, as it does not necessarily imply previous possession.

2. Needy; abject; comfortless; friendless.

He will regard the prayer of the destitute. Psalm 102.

Destitute

DES'TITUTE, noun One who is without friends or comfort.

Destitute

DES'TITUTE, verb transitive To forsake. [Not used.]

Fotherby.

2. To deprive. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Destitution

DESTITU'TION, noun Want; absence of a thing; a state in which something is wanted or not possessed; poverty.

Hooker. Taylor.

Destroy

DESTROY', verb transitive [Latin destruo; de and struo, to pile, to build; French detruire; Italiandistruggere; Spanish Portugese destruir. See Structure.]

1. To demolish; to pull down; to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of which is necessary to constitute the thing; as, to destroy a house or temple; to destroy a fortification.

2. To ruin; to annihilate a thing by demolishing or by burning; as, to destroy a city.

3. To ruin; to bring to naught; to annihilate; as, to destroy a theory or scheme; to destroy a government; to destroy influence.

4. To lay waste; to make desolate.

Go up against this land, and destroy it. Isaiah 36.

5. To kill; to slay; to extirpate; applied to men or other animals.

Ye shall destroy all this people. Numbers 32.

All the wicked will he destroy. Psalm 145.

6. To take away; to cause to cease; to put an end to; as, pain destroys happiness.

That the body of sin might be destroyed. Romans 6.

7. To kill; to eat; to devour; to consume. Birds destroy insects. Hawks destroy chickens.

8. In general, to put an end to; to annihilate a thing or the form in which it exists. An army is destroyed by slaughter, capture or dispersion; a forest, by the ax, or by fire; towns, by fire or inundation, &c.

9. In chimistry, to resolve a body into its parts or elements.

Destroyable

DESTROY'ABLE, adjective That may be destroyed.

Plants scarcely destroyable by the weather.

[Little used.]

Derham.

Destroyed

DESTROY'ED, participle passive Demolished; pulled down; ruined; annihilated; devoured; swept away; &c.

Destroyer

DESTROY'ER, noun One who destroys, or lays waste; one who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country, cities, &c.

Destroying

DESTROY'ING, participle of the present tense Demolishing; laying waste; killing; annihilating; putting an end to.

Destroying

DESTROY'ING, noun Destruction.

Milton.

Destruct

DESTRUCT, for destroy, is not used.

Destructibility

DESTRUCTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being capable of destruction.

Destructible

DESTRUC'TIBLE, adjective [Latin destruo, destructum.] Liable to destruction; capable of being destroyed.

Destruction

DESTRUC'TION, noun [Latin destructio. See Destroy.]

1. The act of destroying; demolition; a pulling down; subversion; ruin, by whatever means; as the destruction of buildings, or of towns. Destruction consists in the annihilation of the form of any thing; that form of parts which constitutes it what it is; as the destruction of grass or herbage by eating; of a forest, by cutting down the trees: or it denotes a total annihilation; as the destruction of a particular government; the destruction of happiness.

2. Death; murder; slaughter; massacre.

There was a deadly destruction throughout all the city. 1 Samuel 5.

3. Ruin.

Destruction and misery are in their ways. Rom. 3.

4. Eternal death.

Broad is the way that leadeth to destruction. Matthew 7.

5. Cause of destruction; a consuming plague; a destroyer.

The destruction that wasteth at noon-day. Psalm 91.

Destructive

DESTRUC'TIVE, adjective Causing destruction; having the quality of destroying; ruinous; mischievous; pernicious; with of or to; as a destructive fire or famine. Intemperance is destructive of health; evil examples are destructive to the morals of youth.

Destructively

DESTRUCTIVELY, adverb With destruction; ruinously; mischievously; with power to destroy; as destructively lewd or intemperate.

Destructiveness

DESTRUCTIVENESS, noun The quality of destroying or ruining.

Destructor

DESTRUCTOR, noun A destroyer; consumer. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Desudation

DESUDA'TION, noun [Latin desudo; de and sudo, to sweat.]

A sweating; a profuse or morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of pustules, called heat-pimples.

Coxe. Encyc.

Desuetude

DES'UETUDE, noun [Latin desuetudo, from desuesco; de and suesco, to accustom one's-self.]

The cessation of use; disuse; discontinuance of practice, custom or fashion. Habit is contracted by practice, and lost by desuetude. Words in every language are lost by desuetude.

Desulphurate

DESUL'PHURATE, verb transitive [de and sulphurate, or sulphur.] To deprive of sulphur.

Chimistry.

Desulphurated

DESUL'PHURATED, participle passive Deprived of sulphur.

Desulphurating

DESUL'PHURATING, participle of the present tense Depriving of sulphur.

Desulphuration

DESULPHURA'TION, noun The act or operation of depriving of sulphur.

Desultorily

DES'ULTORILY, adverb [See Desultory.] In a desultory manner; without method; loosely.

Desultoriness

DES'ULTORINESS, noun A desultory manner; unconnectedness; a passing from one thing to another without order or method.

Desultory

DES'ULTORY, adjective [Latin desultorius, from desilio; de and salio, to leap.]

1. Leaping; passing from one thing or subject to another, without order or natural connection; unconnected; immethodical; as a desultory conversation.

2. Coming suddenly; started at the moment; not proceeding from natural order or connection with what precedes; as a desultory thought.

Desume

DESU'ME, verb transitive [Latin desumo.] To take from; to borrow. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Detach

DETACH', verb transitive [French detacher; Armoric distaga; Spanish Portugese destacar; Italian staccare; de and the root of tack. See Attach.]

1. To separate or disunite; to disengage; to part from; as, to detach the coats of a bulbous root from each other; to detach a man from the interest of the minister, or from a party.

2. To separate men from their companies or regiments; to draw from companies or regiments, as a party of men, and send them on a particular service.

3. To select ships from a fleet and send them on a separate service.

Detached

DETACH'ED, participle passive Separated; parted from; disunited; drawn and sent on a separate service.

2. adjective Separate; as detached parcels or portions.

Detaching

DETACH'ING, participle of the present tense Separating; parting from; drawing and sending on a separate employment.

Detachment

DETACH'MENT, noun The act of detaching or separating.

2. A body of troops, selected or taken from the main army, and employed on some special service or expedition.

3. A number of ships, taken from a fleet, and sent on a separate service.

Detail

DETA'IL, verb transitive [French detailler, to cut in pieces; de and tailler to cut, Spanish tallar, Italian tagliare.

1. To relate, report or narrate in particulars; to recite the particulars of; to particularize; to relate minutely and distinctly; as, he detailed all the facts in due order.

2. To select, as an officer or soldier from a division, brigade, regiment or battalion.

Law of Massachusetts.

Detail

DETA'IL, noun [French] A narration or report of particulars; a minute and particular account. He related the story in detail. He gave a detail of all the transactions.

2. A selecting of officers or soldiers from the rosters.

Detailed

DETA'ILED, participle passive Related in particulars; minutely recited; selected.

Detailer

DETA'ILER, noun One who details.

Detailing

DETA'ILING, participle of the present tense Relating minutely; telling the particulars.

2. Selecting from the rosters.

Detain

DETA'IN, verb transitive [Latin detineo; de and tenco, to hold; French detenir; Spanishdetener. See Tenant.

1. To keep back or from; to withhold; to keep what belongs to another. Detain not the wages of the hireling.

Taylor.

2. To keep or restrain from proceeding, either going or coming; to stay or stop. We were detained by the rain.

Let us detain thee, till we have made ready a kid. Judges 13.

3. To hold in custody.

Blackstone.

Detainder

DETA'INDER, noun A writ. [See Detinue.]

Detained

DETA'INED, participle passive Withheld; kept back; prevented from going or coming; held; restrained.

Detainer

DETA'INER, noun One who withholds what belongs to another; one who detains, stops or prevents from going.

2. In law, a holding or keeping possession of what belongs to another; detention of what is another's, though the original taking may be lawful.

Blackstone.

Detaining

DETA'INING, participle of the present tense Withholding what belongs to another; holding back; restraining from going or coming; holding in custody.

Detainment

DETA'INMENT, noun The act of detaining; detention.

Blackstone.

Detect

DETECT', verb transitive [Latin detego, detectus; de and tego, to cover, Welsh toi, to deck, which see.]

Literally, to uncover; hence, to discover; to find out; to bring to light; as, to detect the ramifications and inosculations of the fine vessels. But this word is especially applied to the discovery of secret crimes and artifices. We detect a thief, or the crime of stealing. We detect the artifices of the man, or the man himself. We detect what is concealed, especially what is concealed by design.

Detected

DETECT'ED, participle passive Discovered; found out; laid open; brought to light.

Detecter

DETECT'ER, noun A discoverer; one who finds out what another attempts to conceal.

Detecting

DETECT'ING, participle of the present tense Discovering; finding out.

Detection

DETEC'TION, noun The act of detecting; discovery of a person or thing attempted to be concealed; as the detection of a thief or burglarian; the detection of fraud or forgery; the detection of artifice, device or a plot.

2. Discovery of any thing before hidden, or unknown.

The sea and rivers are instrumental to the detection of amber and other fossils, by washing away the earth that concealed them.

Woodward.

Detenebrate

DETEN'EBRATE, verb transitive [Latin de and tenebroe.] To remove darkness. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Detent

DETENT', noun [Latin detentus; French detente.] A stop in a clock, which by being lifted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock in striking.

Encyc.

Detention

DETEN'TION, noun [See Detain.] The act of detaining; a withholding from another his right; a keeping what belongs to another, and ought to be restored.

Blackstone.

2. Confinement; restraint; as detention in custody.

3. Delay from necessity; a detaining; as the detention of the mail by bad roads.

Deter

DETER', verb transitive [Latin deterreo; de and terreo, to frighten.]

1. To discourage and stop by fear; to stop or prevent from acting or proceeding, by danger, difficulty or other consideration which disheartens, or countervails the motive for an act. We are often deterred from our duty by trivial difficulties. The state of the road or a cloudy sky may deter a man from undertaking a journey.

A million of frustrated hopes will not deter us from new experiments.

J. M. Mason.

2. To prevent by prohibition or danger.

Mitford.

Deterge

DETERGE, verb transitive deterj'. [Latin detergo; de and tergo, to wipe or scour.]

To cleanse; to purge away foul or offending matter, from the body, or from an ulcer.

Wiseman.

Deterged

DETER'GED, participle passive Cleansed; purged.

Detergent

DETER'GENT, adjective Cleansing; purging.

Detergent

DETER'GENT, noun A medicine that has the power of cleansing the vessels or skin from offending matter.

Deterging

DETER'GING, participle of the present tense Cleansing; carrying off obstructions or foul matter.

Deteriorate

DETE'RIORATE, verb intransitive [French deteriorer; Italian deteriorare; Spanish deteriorar, from deterior, worse, Latin deterior.]

To grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate; opposed to meliorate.

Deteriorate

DETE'RIORATE, verb transitive To make worse; to reduce in quality; as, to deteriorate a race of men or their condition.

Hayley. Paley.

Deteriorated

DETE'RIORATED, participle passive Made worse; impaired in quality.

Deteriorating

DETE'RIORATING, participle of the present tense Becoming worse or inferior in quality.

Deterioration

DETERIORA'TION, noun A growing or making worse; the state of growing worse.

Deteriority

DETERIOR'ITY, noun Worse state or quality; as deteriority of diet.

Ray.

Determent

DETER'MENT, noun [See Deter.] The act of deterring; the cause of deterring; that which deters.

Boyle.

Determinable

DETERM'INABLE, adjective [See Determine.]

1. That may be decided with certainty.

Boyle.

2. That may end or be determined.

Determinate

DETERM'INATE, adjective [Latin determinatus.]

1. Limited; fixed; definite; as a determinate quantity of matter.

2. Established; settled; positive; as a determinate rule or order.

The determinate counsel of God. Acts 2.

3. Decisive; conclusive; as a determinate resolution or judgment.

4. Resolved on.

Shak.

5. Fixed; resolute.

Sidney.

Determinate

DETERM'INATE, verb transitive To limit. [Not used. See Determine.]

Determinately

DETERM'INATELY, adverb With certainty.

The principles of religion are determinately true or false.

Tillotson.

2. Resolutely; with fixed resolve. [Unusual.]

Sidney.

Determinateness

DETERM'INATENESS, noun The state of being determinate, certain, or precise.

Determination

DETERMINA'TION, noun The act of determining or deciding.

2. Decision of a question in the mind; firm resolution; settled purpose; as, they have acquainted me with their determination.

3. Judicial decision; the ending of a controversy or suit by the judgment of a court. Justice is promoted by a speedy determination of causes, civil and criminal.

4. Absolute direction to a certain end.

Remissness can by no means consist with a constant determination of the will to the greatest apparent good.

Locke.

5. An ending; a putting an end to; as the determination of a will.

Blackstone.

Determinative

DETERM'INATIVE, adjective That uncontrollably directs to a certain end.

The determinative power of a just cause.

Bramhall.

2. Limiting; that limits or bounds; as, a word may be determinative and limit the subject.

Watts.

Determinator

DETERM'INATOR, noun One who determines.

Brown.

Determine

DETERM'INE, verb transitive [Latin determino; de and termino, to bound; terminus, a boundary or limit; Welsh tervyn, an extremity, or limit; terv, outward, extreme; tervynu, to fix a bound, to limit, to determine; term, a term, extreme point; termiaw, to limit; Irish teora, a border or limit; Greek,. See Term.]

1. To end; particularly, to end by the decision or conclusion of a cause, or of a doubtful or controverted point; applicable to the decisions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. We say, I had determined this question in my own mind; the court has determined the cause.

2. To end and fix; to settle ultimately; as, this event determined his fate.

3. To fix on; to settle or establish; as, to determine the proper season for planting seeds.

GodÃ‚--hath determined the times before appointed. Acts 17.

4. To end; to limit; to bound; to confine. Yonder hill determines our view. Knowledge is determined by the sight.

Bacon.

5. To give a direction to; to influence the choice; that is, to limit to a particular purpose or direction; as, this circumstance determined him to the study of law. Also, to give a direction to material bodies in their course; as, impulse may determine a moving body to this or that point.

6. To resolve, that is, to end or settle a point in the mind, as in Definition first.

I determined this with myself. 2 Corinthians 2.

Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus. Acts 20.

7. To destroy. [Not used.]

Shak.

8. To put an end to; as, to determine a will.

Blackstone.

9. To settle or ascertain, as something uncertain.

The character of the soul is determined by the character of its God.

J. Edwards.

Determine

DETERM'INE, verb intransitive To resolve; to conclude; to come to a decision.

He shall pay as the judges determine. Exodus 21.

It is indifferent how the learned shall determine concerning this matter.

Anon.

2. To end; to terminate. The danger determined by the death of the conspirators. Revolutions often determine in setting up tyranny at home, or in conquest from abroad.

Some estates may determine, on future contingencies.

Blackstone.

Determined

DETERM'INED, participle passive Ended; concluded; decided; limited; fixed; settled; resolved; directed.

2. adjective Having a firm or fixed purpose, as a determined man; or manifesting a firm resolution, as a determined countenance.

Determining

DETERM'INING, participle of the present tense Ending; deciding; fixing; settling; resolving; limiting; directing.

Deterration

DETERRA'TION, noun [Latin de and terra, earth.] The uncovering of any thing which is buried or covered with earth; a taking from out of the earth.

Woodward.

Deterred

DETER'RED, participle passive [See Deter.] Discouraged or prevented from proceeding or acting, by fear, difficulty or danger.

Deterring

DETER'RING, participle of the present tense Discouraging or influencing not to proceed or act, by fear, difficulty, danger, or prospect of evil.

2. adjective Discouraging; frightening.

Ash.

Detersion

DETER'SION, noun [Latin detersus, detergo. See Deterge.] The act of cleansing, as a sore.

Wiseman.

Detersive

DETER'SIVE, adjective [Italian detersivo; French detersif. See Deterge.]

Cleansing; having power to cleanse from offending matter.

Detersive

DETER'SIVE, noun A medicine which has the power of cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter.

Detest

DETEST', verb transitive [Latin detestor; de and testor, to affirm or bear witness; Italian detestare; Spanish detestar; French detester. The primary sense of testor is to set, throw or thrust. To detest is to thrust away.]

To abhor; to abominate; to hate extremely; as, to detest crimes or meanness.

Detestable

DETEST'ABLE, adjective Extremely hateful; abominable; very odious; deserving abhorrence.

Thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things. Ezekiel 5.

Detestableness

DETEST'ABLENESS, noun Extreme hatefulness.

Detestably

DETEST'ABLY, adverb Very hatefully; abominably.

Detestation

DETESTA'TION, noun Extreme hatred; abhorrence; with of. The good man entertains uniformly a detestation of sin.

Detested

DETEST'ED, participle passive Hated extremely; abhorred.

Detester

DETEST'ER, noun One who abhors.

Detesting

DETEST'ING, participle of the present tense Hating extremely; abhorring; abominating.

Dethrone

DETHRO'NE, verb transitive [French detroner; Spanish destronar; Italian stronare; de and throne, Latin thronus.

1. To remove or drive from a throne; todepose; to divest of royal authority and dignity.

2. To divest of rule or power, or of supreme power.

The protector was dethroned.

Hume.

Dethroned

DETHRO'NED, participle passive Removed from a throne; deposed.

Dethronement

DETHRO'NEMENT, noun Removal from a throne; deposition of a king, emperor or prince.

Dethroner

DETHRO'NER, noun One who dethrones.

Dethroning

DETHRO'NING, participle of the present tense Driving from a throne; depriving of regal power.

Detinue

DET'INUE, noun [French detenu, detained; detenir, to detain.]

In law, a writ of detinue is one that lies against him who wrongfully detains goods or chattels delivered to him, or in his possession. This writ lies for a thing certain and valuable, as for a horse, cow, sheep, plate, cloth,&c., to recover the thing itself or damages for the detainer.

Blackstone.

Detonate

DET'ONATE, verb transitive [Latin detono; de and tono, to thunder.]

In chimistry, to cause to explode; to burn or inflame with a sudden report.

Detonate

DET'ONATE, verb intransitive To explode; to burn with a sudden report. Niter detonates with sulphur.

Detonated

DET'ONATED, participle passive Exploded; burnt with explosion.

Detonating

DET'ONATING, participle of the present tense Exploding; inflaming with a sudden report.

Detonation

DETONA'TION, noun An explosion or sudden report made by the inflammation of certain combustible bodies, as fulminating gold. Detonation is not decrepitation.

Detonization

DETONIZA'TION, noun The act of exploding, as certain combustible bodies.

Detonize

DET'ONIZE, verb transitive [See Detonate.] To cause to explode to burn with an explosion; to calcine with detonation.

Detonize

DET'ONIZE, verb intransitive To explode; to burn with a sudden report.

This precipitateÃ‚--detonizes with a considerable noise.

Fourcroy.

Detonized

DET'ONIZED, participle passive Exploded, as a combustible body.

Detonizing

DET'ONIZING, participle of the present tense Exploding with a sudden report.

Detorsion

DETOR'SION, noun A turning or wresting; perversion.

Detort

DETORT', verb transitive [Latin detortus, of detorqueo; de and torqueo, to twist.]

To twist; to wrest; to pervert; to turn from the original or plain meaning.

Dryden.

Detorted

DETORT'ED, participle passive Twisted; wrested; perverted.

Detorting

DETORT'ING, participle of the present tense Wresting; perverting.

Detour

DETOUR', noun [French] A turning; a circuitous way.

Detract

DETRACT', verb transitive [Latin detractum; detrecto; detraho; de and traho, to draw; Spanish detractar; Italian detrarre; French detracter. See Draw and Drag.]

1. Literally, to draw from. Hence, to take away from reputation or merit, through envy, malice or other motive; hence, to detract from, is to lessen or depreciate reputation or worth; to derogate from.

Never circulate reports that detract from the reputation or honor of your neighbor, without obvious necessity to justify the act.

Anon.

2. To take away; to withdraw, in a literal sense.

Wotton. Boyle.

Detraction

DETRAC'TION, noun [Latindetractio.] The act of taking something from the reputation or worth of another, with the view to lessen him in estimation; censure; a lessening of worth; the act of depreciating another, from envy or malice. Detraction may consist in representing merit, as less than it really is; or in the imputation of faults, vices or crimes, which impair reputation; and if such imputation is false, it is slander or defamation.

Detractious

DETRAC'TIOUS, adjective Containing detraction; lessening reputation. [Not in use.]

Detractive

DETRACT'IVE, adjective Having the quality or tendency to lessen the worth or estimation.

Detractor

DETRACT'OR, noun One who takes away or impairs the reputation of another injuriously; one who attempts to lessen the worth or honor of another.

Detractory

DETRACT'ORY, adjective Derogatory; defamatory by denial of desert; with from.

Johnson. Boyle.

Detractress

DETRACT'RESS noun A female detractor; a censorious woman.

Detrect

DETRECT', verb transitive [Latin detrecto.] To refuse.[Not in use.

Fotherby.

Detriment

DET'RIMENT, noun [Latin detrimentum. Qu.deter, worse, or detero, detritum, worn off

Loss; damage; injury; mischief; harm; diminution. We speak of detriment to interest, property, religion, morals, reputation, and to land or buildings. It is a word of very general application.

Detrimental

DETRIMENT'AL, adjective Injurious; hurtful; causing loss or damage.

A spirit of speculation may be detrimental to regular commerce.

Anon.

Detrition

DETRI'TION, noun [Latin detero.] A wearing off.

Stevens.

Detritus

DETRI'TUS, noun [Latin detritus, worn; detero, to wear.]

In geology, a mass of substances worn off or detached from solid bodies by attrition; as diluvial detritus.

Buckland.

Detrude

DETRU'DE, verb transitive [Latin detrudo; de and trudo, to thrust.] To thrust down; to push down with force.

Locke. Thomson.

Detruded

DETRU'DED, participle passive Thrust or forced down.

Detruding

DETRU'DING, participle of the present tense Thrusting or forcing down.

Detruncate

DETRUNC'ATE, v. t [Latin detrunco; de and trunco, to cut shorter; truncus, cut short; French trancher; Armoric troucha, traincha. See Trench.] To cut off; to lop; to shorten by cutting.

Detruncation

DETRUNCA'TION, noun The act of cutting off.

Detrusion

DETRU'SION, n. s as z. [See Detrude.] The act of thrusting or driving down.

Deturpate

DETURP'ATE, verb transitive [Latin deturpo.] To defile. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Deuce

DEUCE, noun [French deux, two.] Two; a card with two spots; a die with two spots; a term used in gaming.

Deuce

DEUCE, noun A demon. [See Duse.]

Deuterogamist

DEUTEROG'AMIST, noun [infra.] One who marries the second time.

Goldsmith.

Deuterogamy

DEUTEROG'AMY, noun [Greek, second, and, marriage.]

A second marriage after the death of the first husband or wife.

Goldsmith.

Deuteronomy

DEUTERON'OMY, noun [Greek, second, and, law.]

The second law, or second giving of the law by Moses; the name given to the fifth book of the Pentateuch.

Deutoxyd

DEUTOX'YD, noun [Greek, second, and oxyd; strictly, deuteroxyd.]

In chimistry, a substance oxydized in the second degree.

Devaporation

DEVAPORA'TION, noun [de and Latin vaporatio.] The change of vapor into water, as in the generation of rain.

Darwin.

Devast

DEV'AST, verb transitive [Latin devasto.] To lay waste; to plunder. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Devastate

DEV'ASTATE, verb transitive [Latin devasto; de and vasto, to waste; French devaster; Spanish devastar; Italian devastare. See Waste.]

To lay waste; to waste; to ravage; to desolate; to destroy improvements.

Devastated

DEV'ASTATED, participle passive Laid waste; ravaged.

Devastating

DEV'ASTATING, participle of the present tense Laying waste; desolating.

Devastation

DEVASTA'TION, noun [Latin devastatio.] Waste; ravage; desolation; destruction of works of art and natural productions which are necessary or useful to man; havock; as by armies, fire, flood, &c.

2. In law, waste of the goods of the deceased by an executor, or administrator.

Blackstone.

Develop

DEVEL'OP, verb transitive [French developper; Italian sviluppare, to unfold, to display; viluppo, a packet or bundle, intricacy.]

1. To uncover; to unfold; to lay open; to disclose or make known something concealed or withheld from notice.

The General began to develop the plan of his operations.

These serve to develop its tenets.

Milner.

2. To unravel; to unfold; what is intricate; as, to develop a plot.

Developed

DEVEL'OPED, participle passive Unfolded; laid open; unraveled.

Developing

DEVEL'OPING, participle of the present tense Unfolding; disclosing; unraveling.

Development

DEVEL'OPMENT, noun An unfolding; the discovering of something secret or withheld from the knowledge of others; disclosure; full exhibition.

2. The unraveling of a plot.

Devest

DEVEST', verb transitive [French devÃƒ-ªtir;de and vÃƒ-ªtir, to clothe, Latin vestio, id., vestis, a vest, a garment. Generally written divest.]

1. To strip; to deprive of clothing or arms; to take off.

Denham.

2. To deprive; to take away; as, to devest a man or nation of rights. [See Divest.]

3. To free from; to disengage.

4. In law, to alienate, as title or right.

Devest

DEVEST', verb intransitive In law, to be lost or alienated, as a title or an estate.

[This word is generally written divest, except in the latter and legal sense.]

Devested

DEVEST'ED, participle passive Stripped of clothes; deprived; freed from; alienated or lost, as title.

Devesting

DEVEST'ING, participle of the present tense Stripping of clothes; depriving; freeing from alienating.

Devex

DEVEX', adjective [Latin devexus.] Bending down. [Not in use.]

Devexity

DEVEX'ITY, noun [Latin devexitas, from de and veho, to carry.]

A bending downward; a sloping; incurvation downward.

Davies.

Deviate

DE'VIATE, verb intransitive [Italian deviare; Spanish desviarse; Latin devius; de, from, and via, way.]

1. To turn aside or wander from the common or right way, course or line, either in a literal or figurative sense; as, to deviate from the common track or path, or from a true course.

There nature deviates, and here wanders will.

Pope.

2. To stray from the path of duty; to wander, in a moral sense; to err; to sin.

Deviation

DEVIA'TION, noun A wandering or turning aside from the right way, course or line.

2. Variation from a common or established rule, or from analogy.

3. A wandering from the path of duty; want of conformity to the rules prescribed by God; error; sin; obliquity of conduct.

4. In commerce, the voluntary departure of a ship, without necessity, from the regular and usual course of the specific voyage insured. This discharges the underwriters from their responsibility.

Park.

Device

DEVI'CE, noun [French devis, devise; Italian divisa; from Latin divisus, divido.]

1. That which is formed by design, or invented; scheme; artificial contrivance; stratagem; project; sometimes in a good sense; more generally in a bad sense, as artificies are usually employed for bad purposes.

In a good sense:

His divice is against Babylon, to destroy it. Jeremiah 51.

In a bad sense:

He disappointeth the devices of the crafty. Job 5.

They imagined a mischievous device. Psalm 21.

2. An emblem intended to represent a family, person, action or quality, with a suitable motto; used in painting, sculpture and heraldry. It consists in a metaphorical similitude between the things representing and represented, as the figure of a plow representing agriculture.

Knights-errant used to distinguish themselves by devices on their shields.

Addison

3. Invention; genius; faculty of devising; as a man of noble device.

Shak.

4. A spectacle or show. obsolete

Beaum.

Deviceful

DEVI'CEFUL, adjective Full of devices; inventive.

Spenser.

Devicefully

DEVI'CEFULLY, adverb In a manner curiously contrived.

Donne.

Devil

DEV'IL, n. dev'l. [Saxon diafol; Dutch duivel; German teufel; Swedishdiefvul; Danishdioevel; Russian diavol; Tartar, diof; Latin diabolus; Greek, said to be from, to calumniate; French diable; Spanish diablo; Portugese diabo; Italian diavolo. The Armoric is diaul; Welsh diawl, which Owen supposes to be compounded of di, a negative, and awl, lightÃ‚--one without light, [prince of darkness.] The Irish is diabhail, which, according to O'Brien, is composed of dia, deity, and bhal, air, [god of the air.] If these Celtic words are justly explained, they are not connected with diabolus, or the latter is erroneously deduced.]

1. In the christian theology, an evil spirit or being; a fallen angel, expelled from heaven for rebellion against God; the chief of the apostate angels; the implacable enemy and tempter of the human race. In the New Testament, the word is frequently and erroneously used for demon.

2. A very wicked person, and in ludicrous language, any great evil. In profane language, it is an expletive expressing wonder, vexation, &c.

3. An idol, or false god. Leviticus 17:2Chronicles 11.

Deviling

DEV'ILING, noun A young devil. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Devilish

DEV'ILISH, adjective Partaking of the qualities of the devil; diabolical; very evil and mischievous; malicious; as a devilish scheme; devilish wickedness.

Sidney.

2. Having communication with the devil; pertaining to the devil.

Shak.

3. Excessive; enormous; in a vulgar and ludicrous sense; as a devilish cheat.

Addison.

Devilishly

DEV'ILISHLY, adverb In a manner suiting the devil; diabolically; wickedly.

South.

2. Greatly; excessively; in a vulgar sense.

Devilishness

DEV'ILISHNESS, noun The qualities of the devil.

Devilism

DEV'ILISM, noun The state of devils. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Devilize

DEV'ILIZE, verb transitive To place among devils. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Devilkin

DEV'ILKIN, noun A little devil.

Clarissa.

Devilship

DEV'ILSHIP, noun The character of a devil.

Devious

DE'VIOUS, adjective [Latin devius; de and via, way.]

Out of the common way or track; as a devious course.

2. Wandering; roving; rambling.

To bless the wildly devious morning walk.

Thomson.

3. Erring; going astray from rectitude or the divine precepts.

One devious step at first may lead into a course of habitual vice.

Anon.

Devirginate

DEVIR'GINATE, verb transitive [Low Latin devirgino.] To deflour.

Sandys.

Devisable

DEVI'SABLE, a. s. as z. [See the Verb.]

1. That may be bequeathed or given by will.

Blackstone.

2. That can be invented or contrived.

Sadler.

Devise

DEVI'SE, v. t. s as z. [French deviser, to talk or interchange thoughts; Italian divisare, to think, divide or share; from Latin divisus, divido.]

1. To invent; to contrive; to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts, to excogitate; to strike out by thought; to plan; to scheme; to project; as, to devise an engine or machine; to devise a new mode of writing; to devise a plan of defense; to devise arguments.

To devise curious works in gold and silver. Exodus 35.

In a bad sense:

Devise not evil against thy neighbor. Proverbs 3.

2. To give or bequeath by will, as land or other real estate.

Blackstone.

Devise

DEVI'SE, verb intransitive To consider; to contrive; to lay a plan; to form a scheme.

Devise how you will use him, when he comes.

Shak.

Formerly followed by of; as, let us devise of ease.

Spenser.

Devise

DEVI'SE, noun Primarily, a dividing or division; hence, the act of bequeathing by will; the act of giving or distributing real estate by a testator.

Blackstone.

2. A will or testament.

3. A share of estate bequeathed.

Devise

DEVI'SE, noun Contrivance; scheme invented. obsolete

Hooker.

Devised

DEVI'SED, participle passive Given by will; bequeathed; contrived.

Devisee

DEVISEE', noun The person to whom a devise is made; one to whom real estate is bequeathed.

Deviser

DEVI'SER, noun One who contrives or invents; a contriver; an inventor.

Grew.

Devising

DEVI'SING, participle of the present tense Contriving; inventing; forming a scheme or plan.

2. Giving by will; bequeathing.

Devisor

DEVI'SOR, noun One who gives by will; one who bequeaths lands or tenements.

Blackstone.

Devitable

DEV'ITABLE, adjective Avoidable. or DEVITA'TION, noun An escaping. [Not in use.]

Devocation

DEVOCA'TION, noun [Latin devocatio.] A calling away; seduction. [Not in use.]

Hallywell.

Devoid

DEVOID', adjective [de and void, French vuide, vide. See Void.]

1. Void; empty; vacant; applied to place.

Spenser.

2. Destitute; not possessing; as devoid of understanding.

3. Free from; as devoid of fear or shame.

Devoir

DEVOIR', noun [French devoir; Italian dovere; from Latin debeo, to owe.]

Primarily, service or duty. Hence, an act of civility or respect; respectful notice due to another; as, we paid our devoirs to the queen, or to the ladies.

Devolution

DEVOLU'TION, noun [Latin devolutio.] The act of rolling down; as the devolution of earth into a valley.

Woodward.

2. Removal from one person to another; a passing or falling upon a successor.

Hale.

Devolve

DEVOLVE, v. t. devolv'. [Latin devolvo; de and volvo, to roll, to wallow.]

1. To roll down; to pour or flow with windings.

Through splendid kingdoms he devolves his maze.

Thomson.

2. To move from one person to another; to deliver over, or from one possessor to a successor.

The king devolved the care and disposition of affairs on the duke of Ormond.

Temple. Gibbon.

Devolve

DEVOLVE, v. i. devolv' Literally, to roll down; hence, to pass from one to another; to fall by succession from one possessor to his successor. In the absence of the commander in chief, the command devolved on the next officer in rank. On the death of the prince, the crown devolved on his eldest son.

Devolved

DEVOLV'ED, participle passive Rolled down; passed over to another.

Devolving

DEVOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Rolling down; falling to a successor.

Devotary

DEVO'TARY, noun A votary. [Not in use.]

Gregory.

Devote

DEVO'TE, verb transitive [Latin devoveo, devotus; de and voveo, to vow; French devouer.]

1. To appropriate by vow; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act; to consecrate.

No devoted thing that a man shall devote to the LordÃ‚--shall be sold or redeemed. Every devoted thing is most holy to the Lord. Leviticus 27.

2. To give up wholly, to addict; to direct the attention wholly or chiefly; to attach; as, to devote one's self to science; to devote ourselves to our friends, or to their interest or pleasure.

3. To give up; to resign; as, aliens were devoted to rapine; the city was devoted to the flames.

4. To doom; to consign over; as, to devote one to destruction.

5. To execrate; to doom to evil.

Rowe.

Devote

DEVO'TE, adjective Devoted.

Milton.

Devote

DEVO'TE, noun A devotee.

Sandys.

Devoted

DEVO'TED, participle passive Appropriated by vow; solemnly set apart or dedicated; consecrated; addicted; given up; doomed; consigned.

Devotedness

DEVO'TEDNESS, noun The state of being devoted or given; addictedness; as devotedness to religion.

Grew. Milner.

Devotee

DEVOTEE', noun [French devot.] One who is wholly devoted; particularly, one given wholly to religion; one who is superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies; a bigot.

Devotement

DEVO'TEMENT, noun Devotedness; devotion.

Mem. of Buchanan.

2. Vowed dedication.

Mason.

Devoter

DEVO'TER, noun One that devotes; also, a worshiper.

Devoting

DEVO'TING, participle of the present tense Giving or appropriating by vow; solemnly setting apart or dedicating; consecrating; giving wholly; addicting; dooming; consigning.

Devotion

DEVO'TION, noun The state of being dedicated, consecrated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose.

2. A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship; a yielding of the heart and affections to God, with reverence, faith and piety in religious duties, particularly in prayer and meditation; devoutness.

3. External worship; acts of religion; performance of religious duties.

As I passed by and beheld your devotions. Acts 17.

4. Prayer to the Supreme Being. A christian will be regular in his morning and evening devotions.

5. An act of reverence, respect or ceremony.

Shak.

6. Ardent love or affection; attachment manifested by constant attention; as, the duke was distinguished by his devotion to the king, and to the interest of the nation.

Clarendon.

7. Earnestness; ardor; eagerness.

He seeks their hate with greater devotion than they can render it him.

Shak.

8. Disposal; power of disposing of; state of dependence.

Arundel castle would keep that rich corner of the country at his majesty's devotion.

Clarendon.

Devotional

DEVO'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to devotion; used in devotion; as a devotional posture; devotional exercises.

2. Suited to devotion; as a devotional frame of mind.

Devotionalist

DEVO'TIONALIST, or DEVO'TIONIST, noun A person given to devotion; or one superstitiously or formally devout.

Spectator.

Devoto

DEVO'TO, noun [Italian] A devotee. [Not in use]

Spenser.

Devotor

DEVO'TOR, noun One who reverences or worships. obsolete

Beaum.

Devour

DEVOUR', verb transitive [Latin devoro; de and voro, to eat; Italian vorare, divorare; Spanish devorar; French devorer; Armoric devori; Welsh pori, to feed; Greek, pasture; Hebrew Chaldee, to consume. Class Br. No. 6.]

1. To eat up; to eat with greediness; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a hungry man.

We will say, some evil beast hath devoured him. Genesis 37.

In the morning he shall devour the prey. Genesis 49.

2. To destroy; to consume with rapidity and violence.

I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Ben-Hadad. Amos 1.

Famine and pestilence shall devour him. Ez. 7.

3. To destroy; to annihilate; to consume.

He seemed in swiftness to devour the way.

Shak.

4. To waste; to consume; to spend in dissipation and riot.

As soon as this thy son had come, who hath devoured thy living with harlots. Luke 15.

5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, oppression, or illegal exactions.

Ye devour widows' houses. Matthew 23.

6. To destroy spiritually; to ruin the soul.

Your adversary, the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour. 1 Peter 5.

7. To slay.

The sword shall devour the young lions. Nahum 2.

8. To enjoy with avidity.

Longing they look, and gaping at the sight, Devour her o'er and o'er with vast delight.

Dryden.

Devoured

DEVOUR'ED, participle passive Eaten; swallowed with greediness; consumed; destroyed; wasted; slain.

Devourer

DEVOUR'ER, noun One who devours; he or that which eats, consumes or destroys; he that preys on.

Devouring

DEVOUR'ING, participle of the present tense Eating greedily; consuming; wasting; destroying; annihilating.

Devouringly

DEVOUR'INGLY, adverb In a devouring manner.

Devout

DEVOUT', adjective [Italian devoto; French devot; Latin devotus. See Devote.]

1. Yielding a solemn and reverential attention to God in religious exercises, particularly in prayer.

We must be constant and devout in the worship of God.

Rogers.

2. Pious; devoted to religion; religious.

Simeon was a just man and devout. Luke 2. Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts 8.

3. Expressing devotion or piety; as, with eyes devout.

Milton.

4. Sincere; solemn; earnest; as, you have my devout wishes for your safety.

Devout

DEVOUT', noun A devotee. [Not used.]

Sheldon.

Devoutless

DEVOUT'LESS, adjective Destitute of devotion.

Devoutlessness

DEVOUT'LESSNESS, noun Want of devotion.

Bp. of Chichester.

Devoutly

DEVOUT'LY, adverb With solemn attention and reverence to God; with ardent devotion.

He was devoutly engaged in prayer.

Anon.

2. Piously; religiously; with pious thoughts; as, he viewed the cross devoutly.

3. Sincerely; solemnly; earnestly; as, a consummation devoutly to be wished.

Devoutness

DEVOUT'NESS, noun The quality or state of being devout.

Glanville.

Devow

DEVOW', verb transitive To give up. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Dew

DEW, noun [Saxon deaw; Dutch dauw; German thau; Swedish dagg; Danish dugg. See Class Dg. No. 24. 60. 62. 63. It is probably from the same primary root as thaw; German thau, dew, thauen, to thaw.]

The water or moisture collected or deposited on or near the surface of the earth, during the night, by the escape of the heat which held the water in solution.

Dew

DEW, verb transitive To wet with dew; to moisten.

Milton. Dryden.

Dewbent

DEW'BENT, adjective Bent by the dew.

Thomson.

Dew-Berry

DEW'-BERRY, noun The fruit of a species of brier or bramble, that creeps along the ground, of the genus Rubus.

Dew-Bespangled

DEW-BESPAN'GLED, adjective Spangled with dew-drops.

Gray.

Dew-Besprent

DEW-BESPRENT', adjective Sprinkled with dew. obsolete

Milton.

Dew-Besprinkled

DEW-BESPRINK'LED, adjective Sprinkled with dew.

Shenstone.

Dew-Drop

DEW'-DROP, noun A drop of dew, which sparkles at sunrise; a spangle of dew.

Milton.

Dew-Dropping

DEW'-DROPPING, adjective Wetting as with dew.

Thomson.

Dewed

DEW'ED, participle passive Moistened with dew.

Dew-Impearled

DEW-IMPEARL'ED, adjective [See Pearl.] Covered with dew-drops, like pearls.

Drayton.

Dewing

DEW'ING, participle of the present tense Wetting or moistening with dew.

Dew-Lap

DEW'-LAP, noun [dew and lap, to lick.] The flesh that hangs from the throat of oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing.

Addison.

2. In Shakspeare, a lip flaccid with age.

Dew-Lapt

DEW'-LAPT, adjective Furnished with a dew-lap.

Dew-Worm

DEW'-WORM, noun A worm, called otherwise earth-worm, a species of Lumbricus, which lives just under the surface of the ground. It is of a pale red color, and does no injury to plants.

Dewy

DEW'Y, adjective Partaking of dew; like dew; as dewy mist.

2. Moist with dew; as dewy fields.

His dewy locks distilled Ambrosia.

Milton.

Dexter

DEX'TER, adjective [Latin dexter; Greek; Irish deas.] Right, as opposed to left; a term used in heraldry, to denote the right side of a shield or coat of arms; as, bend-dexter; dexter-point.

Encyc.

Dexterity

DEXTER'ITY, noun [Latin dexteritas, from dexter, right, fit, prompt.]

1. Readiness of limbs; adroitness; activity; expertness; skill; that readiness in performing an action, which proceeds from experience or practice, united with activity or quick motion. We say, a man handles an instrument, or eludes a thrust, with dexterity.

2. Readiness of mind or mental faculties, as in contrivance, or inventing means to accomplish a purpose; promptness in devising expedients; quickness and skill in managing or conducting a scheme of operations. We say, a negotiation is conducted with dexterity.

Gibbon.

Dextral

DEX'TRAL, adjective Right, as opposed to left.

Brown.

Dextrality

DEXTRAL'ITY, noun The state of being on the right side.

Dextrorsal

DEXTROR'SAL, adjective [dexter and vorsus, versus, from verto, to turn.]

Rising from right to left, as a spiral line or helix.

Henry.

Dextrous

DEX'TROUS, adjective Ready and expert in the use of the body and limbs; skilful and active in manual employment; adroit; as a dextrous hand; a dextrous workman.

2. Ready in the use of the mental faculties; prompt in contrivance and management; expert; quick at inventing expedients; as a dextrous manager.

3. Skilful; artful; done with dexterity; as dextrous management.

Dextrously

DEX'TROUSLY, adverb With dexterity; expertly; skilfully; artfully; adroitly; promptly.

Dextrousness

DEX'TROUSNESS, noun Dexterity; adroitness.

Dey

DEY, noun The title of the governor or sovereign of Algiers, under the protection of the Grand Seignior.

Encyc.

Di

DI, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation or negation, or two.

Dia

DIA, Greek, a prefix, denotes through.

Diabase

DI'ABASE, noun Another name of greenstone.

Cleaveland.

Diabaterial

DIABATE'RIAL, adjective [Greek.] Border-passing.

Mitford.

Diabetes

DIABE'TES, noun [Greek, from, to pass through; and, to go or pass.]

A long continued increased quantity of urine; an excessive and morbid discharge of urine.

Coxe. Encyc.

Diabetic

DIABET'IC, adjective Pertaining to diabetes.

Diabolic

DIABOL'IC, or DIABOL'ICAL, adjective [Latin diabolus, the devil.] Devilish; pertaining to the devil; hence, extremely malicious; impious; atrocious; nefarious; outrageously wicked; partaking of any quality ascribed to the devil; as a diabolical temper; a diabolical scheme or action.

Diabolically

DIABOL'ICALLY, adverb In a diabolical manner; very wickedly; nefariously.

Diabolicalness

DIABOL'ICALNESS, noun The qualities of the devil.

Diabolism

DIAB'OLISM, noun The actions of the devil.

2. Possession by the devil.

Warburton.

Diacaustic

DIACAUS'TIC, adjective [Greek, to burn or inflame.]

Belonging to curves formed by refraction.

Bailey.

Diachylon

DIACH'YLON, noun [Greek and.] An emollient plaster.

Diaconal

DIAC'ONAL, adjective [Latin diaconus.] Pertaining to a deacon.

Diacoustic

DIACOUS'TIC, adjective [Greek, to hear; and, to hear.]

Pertaining to the science or doctrine of refracted sounds.

Diacoustics

DIACOUS'TICS, noun The science or doctrine of refracted sounds; the consideration of the properties of sound refracted by passing through different mediums; called also diaphonics.

Encyc.

Diacritical

DIACRIT'ICAL, adjective [Greek; to separate; and, to separate.]

That separates or distinguishes; distinctive; as a diacritical point or mark.

The short vowel is never signified by any diacritical mark.

Encyc.

Diadelph

DI'ADELPH, noun [Greek, twice, and, a brother.]

In botany, a plant whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles by their filaments.

Diadelphian

DIADELPH'IAN, adjective Having its stamens united into two bodies by their filaments.

Diadem

DI'ADEM, noun [Greek, from, to gird; and, to bind; Latin diadema.]

1. Anciently, a head-band or fillet worn by kings as a badge of royalty. It was made of silk, linen or wool, and tied round the temples and forehead, the ends being tied behind and let fall on the neck. It was usually white and plain; sometimes embroidered with gold, or set with pearls and precious stones.

2. In modern usage, the mark or badge of royalty, worn on the head; a crown; and figuratively, empire; supreme power.

Gibbon.

3. A distinguished or principal ornament.

A diadem of beauty. Isaiah 28.

Diademed

DI'ADEMED, adjective Adorned with a diadem; crowned; ornamented.

Pope.

Diadrom

DI'ADROM, noun [Greek, a running about;; and, to run.]

A course or passing; a vibration; the time in which the vibration; of a pendulum is performed.

Locke.

Diagnostic

DIAGNOS'TIC, adjective [Greek;; and, to know.]

Distinguishing; characteristic; indicating the nature of a disease.

Diagnostic

DIAGNOS'TIC, noun The sign or symptom by which a disease is known or distinguished from others. Diagnostics are of two kinds; the adjunct, or such as are common to several diseases; and the pathognomonic, which always attend the disease, and distinguish it from all others.

Encyc.

Diagonal

DIAG'ONAL, adjective [Greek; and, a corner.]

1. In geometry, extending from one angle to another of a quadrilateral figure, and dividing it into two equal parts.

2. Being in an angular direction.

Diagonal

DIAG'ONAL, noun A right line drawn from angle to angle of a quadrilateral figure, as a square or parallelogram, and dividing it into two equal parts. It is sometimes called the diameter, and sometimes the diametrul.

Encyc.

Diagonally

DIAG'ONALLY, adverb In a diagonal direction.

Diagram

DI'AGRAM, noun [Greek; and, to write.]

In geometry, a figure, draught or scheme delineated for the purpose of demonstrating the properties of any figure, as a square, triangle, circle, &c. Anciently, a musical scale.

Diagraphic

DIAGRAPH'IC, or DIAGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [Greek and, to describe.] Descriptive.

Dial

DI'AL, noun [Irish diail; probably from day, dies.] An instrument for measuring time, by the aid of the sun; being a plate or plain surface, on which lines are drawn in such a manner, that the shadow of a wire, or of the upper edge of another plane, erected perpendicularly on the former, may show the true time of the day. The edge of the plane, which shows the time, is called the stile of the dial, and this must be parallel to the axis of the earth. The line on which this plane is erected, is called the substile; and the angle included between the substile and stile, is called the elevation or highth of the stile. A dial may be horizontal, vertical, or inclining.

Encyc.

Dial-Plate

DI'AL-PLATE, noun The plate of a dial on which the lines are drawn, to show the hour or time of the day.

Dialect

DI'ALECT, noun [Greek; and, to speak; Italian dialetto; French dialecte; Spanish dialecto.]

1. The form or idiom of a language, peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state; consisting chiefly in differences of orthography or pronunciation. The Greek language is remarkable for four dialects, the Attic, Ionic, Doric and Eolic. A dialect is the branch of a parent language, with such local alterations as time, accident and revolutions may have introduced among descendants of the same stock or family, living in separate or remote situations. But in regard to a large portion of words, many languages, which are considered as distinct, are really dialects of one common language.

2. Language; speech, or manner of speaking.

South.

Dialectical

DIALEC'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to a dialect, or dialects; not radical.

2. Logical; argumental.

Boyle.

Dictically

DIC'TICALLY, adverb In the manner of dialect.

Dialectician

DIALECTI'CIAN, noun A logician; a reasoner.

Dialectics

DIALEC'TICS, noun That branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning.

Encyc.

Dialing

DI'ALING, noun The art of constructing dials, or of drawing dials on a plane. The sciateric science, or knowledge or showing the time by shadows.

Johnson. Encyc.

Dialist

DI'ALIST, noun A constructer of dials; one skilled in dialing.

Diallage

DI'ALLAGE, noun [Greek, difference, alluding to the difference of luster between its natural joints.]

A mineral, the smaragdite of Saussure, of a lamellar or foliated structure. Its subspecies are green diallage, metalloidal diallage and bronzite.

Cleaveland.

The metalloidal subspecies is called schillerstein, or shiller spar.

Dialogism

DIAL'OGISM, noun A feigned speech between two or more.

Fulke.

Dialogist

DIAL'OGIST, noun [See Dialogue.] A speaker in a dialogue; also, a writer of dialogues.

Johnson.

Dialogistic

DIALOGIST'IC, adjective Having the form of a dialogue.

Dialogistically

DIALOGIST'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of dialogue.

Dialogize

DIAL'OGIZE, verb intransitive [See Dialogue.] To discourse in dialogue.

Fotherby.

Dialogue

DI'ALOGUE, noun di'alog. [French dialogue; Italian dialogo; Spanish id.; from Greek, from, to dispute; and, to speak.]

1. A conversation or conference between two or more persons; particularly, a formal conversation in theatrical performances; also, an exercise in colleges and schools, in which two or more persons carry on a discourse.

2. A written conversation, or a composition in which two or more persons are represented as conversing on some topic; as the dialogues of Cicero de Oratore, and de Natura Deorum.

Dialogue

DI'ALOGUE, verb intransitive To discourse together; to confer. [Not used.]

Shak.

Dialogue-Writer

DI'ALOGUE-WRITER, noun A writer of dialogues or feigned conversations.

Dialysis

DIAL'YSIS, noun [Greek; to dissolve; and, to dissolve.]

A mark in writing or printing, consisting of two points placed over one of two vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two vowels are to be separated in pronunciation; as, aÃƒ-«r, mosaÃƒ-¯c.

2. In medicine, debility; also, a solution of continuity.

Parr.

Diamantine

DIAMAN'TINE, for adamantine. [Not in use.]

Diameter

DIAM'ETER, noun [Greek, and, measure through.]

1. A right line passing through the center of a circle or other curvilinear figure, terminated by the circumference, and dividing the figure into two equal parts.

2. A right line passing through the center of a piece of timber, a rock or other object, from one side to the other; as the diameter of a tree, or of a stone.

Diametral

DIAM'ETRAL, adjective Diametrical, which see.

Diametrally

DIAM'ETRALLY, adverb Diametrically.

Diametrical

DIAMET'RICAL, adjective Describing a diameter.

2. Observing the direction of a diameter; direct; as diametrical opposition.

Diametrically

DIAMET'RICALLY, adverb In a diametrical direction; directly; as diametrically opposite.

Diamond

DIAMOND, n. di'mond. [French diamant; Italian and Spanish diamante; German and Dutch diamant; Latin adamas; Greek, whence adamant, from the Celtic; Welsh ehedvaen, moving stone; ehed, to fly or move, and maen, stone; a name first given to the loadstone. See Adamant.]

1. A mineral, gem or precious stone, of the most valuable kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scratches all other minerals. When pure, the diamond is usually clear and transparent, but it is sometimes colored. In its rough state, it is commonly in the form of a roundish pebble, or of octahedral crystals. It consists of carbon, and when heated to 14Ã‚-° Wedgewood, and exposed to a current of air, it is gradually, but completely combustible. When pure and transparent, it is said to be of the first water.

Encyc. Kirwan. Cleaveland.

2. A very small printing letter.

3. A figure, otherwise called a rhombus.

Diamond

DIAMOND, adjective Resembling a diamond, as a diamond color; or consisting of diamonds, as a diamond chain.

Diamonded

DIAMONDED, adjective Having the figure of an oblique angled parallelogram, or rhombus.

Fuller.

Diamond-Mine

DIAMOND-MINE, noun A mine in which diamonds are found.

Diander

DIAN'DER, noun [Greek, twice, and, a male.] In botany, a plant having two stamens.

Diandrian

DIAN'DRIAN, adjective Having two stamens.

Diapasm

DI'APASM, noun [Greek, to sprinkle.]

A perfume. obsolete

B. Jonson.

Diapason

DIAPA'SON, or DI'APASE, noun [Greek, through all.] In music, the octave or interval which includes all the tones.

2. Among musical instrument-makers, a rule or scale by which they adjust the pipes of organs, the holes of flutes, &c., in due proportion for expressing the several tones and semitones.

Busby.

Diapason-diapen'te, a compound consonance in a triple ratio, as 3 to 9, consisting of 9 tones and a semitone, or 19 semitones; a twelfth.

Encyc. Busby.

DiapÃƒ-¡son-diates'saron, a compound concord, founded on the proportion of 8 to 3, consisting of eight tones and a semitone.

DiapÃƒ-¡son-ditone, a compound concord, whose terms are as 10 to 4, or 5 to 2.

DiapÃƒ-¡son-semiditone, a compound concord, whose terms are in the proportion of 12 to 5.

Encyc.

Diapente

DIAPEN'TE, noun [Greek and, five.]

1. A fifth; an interval making the second of the concords, and with the diatessaron, an octave.

Encyc.

2. In medicine, a composition of five ingredients.

Coxe.

Diaper

DI'APER, n [French diapr'e, diapered; said to be from Ypres, in the Netherlands. Anderson.]

Figured linen cloth; a cloth wove in flowers or figures; much used for towels or napkins. Hence, a towel or napkin.

Diaper

DI'APER, verb transitive To variegate or diversify, as cloth, with figures; to flower.

Spenser. Howel.

Diaper

DI'APER, verb intransitive To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth.

If you diaper on folds.

Peacham.

Diaphaned

DI'APHANED, adjective Transparent. [Little used.]

Diaphaneity

DIAPHANE'ITY, noun [Greek; to shine through; and, to shine.]

The power of transmitting light; transparency; pellucidness.

Ray.

Diaphanic

DIAPHAN'IC, adjective [Greek. See supra.]

Having power to transmit light; transparent.

Raleigh.

Diaphanous

DIAPH'ANOUS, adjective [See supra.] Having power to transmit rays of light, as glass; pellucid; transparent; clear.

Diaphoresis

DIAPHORE'SIS, noun [Greek; to carry through; and, to carry.]

Augmented perspiration; or an elimination of the humors of the body through the pores of the skin.

Coxe. Encyc.

Diaphoretic

DIAPHORET'IC, adjective [supra.] Having the power to increase perspiration; sudorific; sweating.

Diaphoretic

DIAPHORET'IC, noun A medicine which promotes perspiration; a sudorific.

Coxe. Encyc.

Diaphoretics differ from sudorifics; the former only increase the insensible perspiration; the latter excite the sensible discharge called sweat.

Parr.

Diaphragm

DI'APHRAGM, noun di'afram. [Greek; and, to break off, to defend.]

1. In anatomy, the midriff, a muscle separating the chest or thorax from the abdomen or lower belly.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. A partition or dividing substance.

Woodward.

Diaporesis

DIAPOR'ESIS, noun [Greek; to doubt.] In rhetoric, doubt; hesitation.

Bailey.

Diaresis

DIAR'ESIS, or DIAR'ESY, noun [Greek, a division;; and, to take away.]

The dissolution of a diphthong; the mark .. placed over one of two vowels, denoting that they are to be pronounced separately, as distinct letters; as aÃƒ-«r .

Diarian

DIA'RIAN, adjective [See Diary.] Pertaining to a diary; daily.

Diarist

DI'ARIST, noun One who keeps a diary.

Diarrhea

DIARRHE'A, noun [Greek; to flow through; and, to flow.]

Purging or flux; a frequent and copious evacuation of excrement by stool.

Encyc.

Diarrhetic

DIARRHET'IC, adjective Promoting evacuation by stool; purgative.

Diary

DI'ARY, noun [Latin diarium, from dies, a day.]

An account of daily events or transactions; a journal; a register of daily occurrences or observations; as a diary of the weather.

A diary fever is a fever of one day.

Diaschism

DI'ASCHISM, noun [Greek, a piece cut off;; and, to cut off.]

In music, the difference between the comma and enharmonic diesis, commonly called the lesser comma.

Encyc.

Diaspore

DI'ASPORE, noun [Greek, to disperse.]

A mineral occurring in lamellar concretions, of a pearly gray color, and infusible. A small fragment, placed in the flame of a candle, almost instantly decrepitates, and is dispersed; whence its name. It is a mineral little known.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Brongniart. Cleaveland.

Diastaltic

DIASTAL'TIC, adjective [Greek, dilating.] Dilated; noble; bold; an epithet given by the Greeks to certain intervals in music, as the major third, major sixth and major seventh.

Busby.

Diastem

DI'ASTEM, noun [Greek.] In music, a simple interval.

Diastole

DIAS'TOLE, OR DIAS'TOLY, noun [Greek; and, to set or send from.]

1. Among physicians, a dilatation of the heart, auricles and arteries; opposed to systole or contraction.

Encyc.

2. In grammar, the extension of a syllable; or a figure by which a syllable naturally short is made long.

Diastyle

DI'ASTYLE, noun [Greek and.] An edifice in which three diameters of the columns are allowed for intercolumniations.

Harris.

Diatessaron

DIATES'SARON, noun [Greek and, four.]

Among musicians, a concord or harmonic interval, composed of a greater tone, a lesser tone, and one greater semitone. Its proportion is as 4 to 3, and it is called a perfect fourth.

Harris.

Diatonic

DIATON'IC, adjective [Greek, by or through, and, sound.]

Ascending or descending, as in sound, or from sound to sound. This epithet is given to a scale or gammut, to intervals of a certain kind, or to music composed of these intervals; as a diatonic melody or harmony. It is applied to ordinary music, containing only the two greater and lesser tones, and the greater semitone.

Encyc. Harris.

Diatribe

DI'ATRIBE noun [Greek.] A continued discourse or disputation.

Bailey.

Diazeutic

DIAZEU'TIC, adjective [Greek, to disjoin.]

A diazeutic tone, in ancient Greek music, disjoined two fourths, one on each side of it, and which, being joined to either, made a fifth. This is, in our music, from A to B.

Harris.

Dibble

DIB'BLE, noun [Probably from the root of top, tip, a point, and denoting a little sharp point; or allied to dip, to thrust in.]

A pointed instrument, used in gardening and agriculture, to make holes for planting seeds, &c.

Dibble

DIB'BLE, verb transitive To plant with a dibble; or to make holes for planting seeds, &c.

Dibble

DIB'BLE, verb intransitive To dibble or dip; a term in angling.

Dibstone

DIB'STONE, noun A little stone which children throw at another stone.

Locke.

Dicacity

DICAC'ITY, noun [Latin dicacitas.] Pertness.

[Little used.]

Graves.

Dicast

DI'CAST, noun [Greek, from, to judge, from, justice.]

In ancient Greece, an officer answering nearly to our juryman.

Mitford.

Dice

DICE, noun plu. of die; also, a game with dice.

Dice

DICE, verb intransitive To play with dice.

Shak.

Dice-Box

DI'CE-BOX, noun A box from which dice are thrown in gaming.

Addison.

Dice-Maker

DI'CE-MAKER, noun A maker of dice.

Dicer

DI'CER, noun A player at dice.

Dichotomize

DICHOT'OMIZE. verb transitive [See the next word.]

To cut into two parts; to divide into pairs.

Dichotomous

DICHOT'OMOUS, adjective [Greek, doubly, by pairs, and, to cut.]

In botany, regularly dividing by pairs from top to bottom; as a dichotomous stem.

Martyn.

Dichotomous-Corymbed

DICHOT'OMOUS-CORYMBED, adjective Composed of corymbs, in which the pedicles divide and subdivide by pairs.

Martyn.

Dichotomy

DICHOT'OMY, noun [Greek, a division into two parts; and, to cut.]

1. Division or distribution of ideas by pairs.

[Little used.]

Watls.

2. In astronomy, that phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures.

Encyc.

Dichroit

DICH'ROIT, noun [See Iolite.]

Dicing-House

DI'CING-HOUSE, noun A house where dice is played; a gaming house. [Little used.]

Dicker

DICK'ER, noun [probably from Greek, ten, Welsh deg, Latin decem.]

In old authors, the number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; but applied to other things, as a dicker of gloves, &c. [I believe not used in America.]

Dicoccous

DICOC'COUS, adjective [Greek and, Latin coccus, a grain.] Two-grained; consisting of two cohering grains or cells, with one seed in each; as a dicoccous capsule.

Martyn.

Dicotyledon

DICOTYL'EDON, noun [Greek, two, and, a cavity.]

A plant whose seeds divide into two lobes in germinating.

Martyn.

Dicotyledonous

DICOTYLED'ONOUS, adjective Having two lobes. A dicotyledonous plant is one whose seeds have two lobes, and consequently rise with two seminal leaves.

Milne.

Dictate

DIC'TATE, verb transitive [Latin dicto, from dico, to speak; Spanish dictar; Italian dettar; French dicter; Irish deachtaim. Class Dg.]

1. To tell with authority; to deliver, as an order, command, or direction; as, what God has dictated, it is our duty to believe.

2. To order or instruct what is to be said or written; as, a general dictates orders to his troops.

3. To suggest; to admonish; to direct by impulse on the mind. We say, the spirit of God dictated the messages of the prophets to Israel. Conscience often dictates to men the rules by which they are to govern their conduct.

Dictate

DIC'TATE, noun An order delivered; a command.

2. A rule, maxim or precept, delivered with authority.

I credit what the Grecian dictates say.

Prior.

3. Suggestion; rule or direction suggested to the mind; as the dictates of reason or conscience.

Dictated

DICTATED, participle passive Delivered with authority; ordered; directed; suggested.

Dictating

DIC'TATING, participle of the present tense Uttering or delivering with authority; instructing what to say or write; ordering; suggesting to the mind.

Dictation

DICTA'TION, noun The act of dictating; the act or practice of prescribing.

It affords security against the dictation of laws.

Paley.

Dictator

DICTA'TOR, noun [Latin] One who dictates; one who prescribes rules and maxims for the direction of others.

2. One invested with absolute authority. In ancient Rome, a magistrate, created in times of exigence and distress, and invested with unlimited power. He remained in office six months.

Dictatorial

DICTATO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a dictator; absolute; unlimited; uncontrollable.

2. Imperious; dogmatical; overbearing; as, the officer assumed a dictatorial tone.

Dictatorship

DICTA'TORSHIP, noun The office of a dictator; the term of a dictator's office.

2. Authority; imperiousness; dogmatism.

Dryden.

Dictatory

DIC'TATORY, adjective Overbearing; dogmatical.

Milton.

Dictature

DIC'TATURE, noun The office of a dictator; dictatorship.

2. Absolute authority; the power that dictates.

Tooke.

Diction

DIC'TION, noun [Latin dictio, from dico, to speak. Class Dg.]

Expression of ideas by words; style; manner of expression.

Dryden.

Dictionary

DIC'TIONARY, noun [French dictionnaire; Italian dizionario; Spanish diccionario; from Latin dictio, a word, or a speaking.]

A book containing the words of a language arranged in alphabetical order, with explanations of their meanings; a lexicon.

Johnson.

Did

DID, preterit tense of do, contracted from doed. I did, thou didst, he did; we did, you or ye did, they did.

Have ye not read what David did when he was hungry? Matthew 12.

The proper signification is, made, executed, performed; but it is used also to express the state of health.

And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house, to know how Esther did. Esther 2.

Did is used as the sign of the past tense of verbs, particularly in interrogative and negative sentences; as, did he command you to go? He did not command me. It is also used to express emphasis; as, I did love him beyond measure.

Didactic

DIDAC'TIC, or DIDAC'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to teach.] Adapted to teach; preceptive; containing doctrines, precepts, principles or rules; intended to instruct; as a didactic poem or essay.

Didactically

DIDAC'TICALLY, adverb In a didactic manner; in a form to teach.

Didapper

DI'DAPPER, noun [from dip.] A bird that dives into the water, a species of Colymbus.

Didascalic

DIDAS'CALIC, adjective [Greek,from, to teach.]

Didactic; preceptive; giving precepts. [Little used.]

Prior.

Didder

DID'DER, verb intransitive [Teut. diddern; qu. titter, totter.] To shiver with cold. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Diddle

DID'DLE, verb intransitive To totter, as a child in walking.

Didecahedral

DIDECAHE'DRAL, adjective [di and decahedral.]

In crystalography, having the form of a decahedral prism with pentahedral summits.

Cleaveland.

Didodeccahedral

DIDODECCAHE'DRAL [di and dodecahedral.] In crystalography, having the form of a dodecahedral prism with hexahedral summits.

Cleveland.

Didrachma

DIDRACH'MA, noun [Greek] A piece of money, the fourth of an ounce of silver.

Diduction

DIDUC'TION, noun [Latin diductio; di and duco, to draw.]

Separation by withdrawing one part from the other.

Boyle.

Didynam

DID'YNAM, noun [Greek, and, power.]

In botany, a plant of four stamens, disposed in two pairs, one being shorter than the other.

Didynamian

DIDYNAM'IAN, adjective Containing four stamens, disposed in pairs, one shorter than the other.

Die

DIE, verb intransitive [Swedish d?; Danish dÃƒ-¶er. This appears to be a contracted word, and the radical letter lost is not obvious. The word dye, to tinge, is contracted from Dg, and the Arabic root signifies not only to tinge, but to perish; which circumstance would lead one to infer that they are radically one word, and that the primary sense is to plunge, fall or sink. The Saxon deadian is evidently a derivative of the participle dead. See Dye.]

1. To be deprived of respiration, of the circulation of blood, and other bodily functions, and rendered incapable of resuscitation, as animals, either by natural decay, by disease, or by violence; to cease to live; to expire; to decease; to perish; and with respect to man, to depart from this world.

All the first born in the land of Egypt shall die. Exodus 11.

The fish that is in the river shall die. Exodus 7.

This word is followed by of or by. Men die of disease; of a fever; of sickness; of a fall; of grief. They die by the sword; by famine; by pestilence; by violence; by sickness; by disease. In some cases, custom has established the use of the one, to the exclusion of the other; but in many cases, either by or of may be used at the pleasure of the writer or speaker. The use of for, he died for thirst, is not elegant nor common.

2. To be punished with death; to lose life for a crime, or for the sake of another.

I will relieve my master, if I die for it. Christ died for the ungodly. Romans 5. Christ died for our sins. 1 Corinthians 15.

3. To come to an end; to cease; to be lost; to perish or come to nothing; as, let the secret die in your own breast.

4. To sink; to faint.

His heart died within him, and he became as a stone. 1 Samuel 25.

5. To languish with pleasure or tenderness; followed by away.

To sounds of heavenly harps she dies away.

Pope.

6. To languish with affection.

The young men acknowledged that they died for Rebecca.

Tatler.

7. To recede as sound, and become less distinct; to become less and less; or to vanish from the sight, or disappear gradually. Sound or color dies away.

8. To lose vegetable life; to wither; to perish; as plants or seeds. Plants die for want of water. Some plants die annually.

9. To become vapid or spiritless, as liquors; mostly used in the participle; as the cider or beer is dead.

10. In theology, to perish everlastingly; to suffer divine wrath and punishment in the future world.

11. To become indifferent to, or to cease to be under the power of; as, to die to sin.

12. To endure great danger and distress. I die daily. 1 Corinthians 15.

To die away, to decrease gradually; to cease to blow; as, the wind dies away.

Die

DIE, noun plu. dice. [French dÃƒ-©; Italian dado; Spanish Portugese id.; Armoric diÃƒ-§z; Irish disle.]

1. A small cube, marked on its faces with numbers from one to six, used in gaming, by being thrown from a box.

He ventured his all on the cast of a die.

2. Any cubic body; a flat tablet.

Watts.

3. Hazard; chance.

Such is the die of war.

Spenser.

Die

DIE, noun plu. dies. A stamp used in coining money, in founderies, &c.

Diecian

DIE'CIAN, noun [Greek, two, and, house.] In botany, one of a class of plants, whose male and female flowers are on different plants of the same species.

Dier

DIER. [See Dyer.]

Diesis

DI'ESIS, noun [Greek, a division.] In music, the division of a tone, less than a semitone; or an interval consisting of a less or imperfect semitone.

Encyc.

Diet

DI'ET, noun [Latin dioeta; Greek, manner of living, mode of life prescribed by a physician, food, a room, parlor or bed room; Spanish dieta; French diÃƒ-¨te; Italian dieta. In the middle ages, this word was used to denote the provision or food for one day, and for a journey of one day. Spelman. Hence it seems to be from dies, day, or its root; and hence the word may have come to signify a meal or supper, and the room occupied for eating.]

1. Food or victuals; as, milk is a wholesome diet; flesh is nourishing diet.

2. Food regulated by a physician, or by medical rules; food prescribed for the prevention or cure of disease, and limited in kind or quantity. I restrained myself to a regular diet of flesh once a day.

3. Allowance of provision.

For his diet there was a continual diet given him by the king. Jeremiah 52.

4. Board, or boarding; as, to pay a certain sum for diet, washing and lodging.

Diet

DI'ET, noun [Dutch ryksdag; German reichstag; Swedish riksdag; Danish rigsdag; empire's day, imperial diet. These words prove that diet is from dies, day. So in Scots law, diet of appearance.]

An assembly of the states or circles of the empire of Germany and of Poland; a convention of princes, electors, ecclesiastical dignitaries, and representatives of free cities, to deliberate on the affairs of the empire. There are also diets of states and cantons.

Encyc.

Diet

DI'ET, verb transitive To feed; to board; to furnish provisions for; as, the master diets his apprentice.

2. To take food by rules prescribed; as, an invalid should carefully diet himself.

3. To feed; to furnish aliment; as, to diet revenge.

Shak.

Diet

DI'ET, verb intransitive To eat according to rules prescribed.

2. To eat; to feed; as, the students diet in commons.

Dietary

DI'ETARY, adjective Pertaining to diet or the rules of diet.

Diet-Drink

DI'ET-DRINK, noun Medicated liquors; drink prepared with medicinal ingredients.

Dieted

DI'ETED, participle passive Fed; boarded; fed by prescribed rules.

Dieter

DI'ETER, noun One who diets; one who prescribes rules for eating; one who prepares food by rules.

Dietetic

DIETET'IC, or DIETET'ICAL, adjective [Greek,] Pertaining to diet, or to the rules for regulating the kind and quantity of food to be eaten.

Dietine

DI'ETINE, noun A subordinate or local diet; a cantonal convention.

Dieting

DI'ETING, participle of the present tense Taking food; prescribing rules for eating; taking food according to prescribed rules.

Diffarreation

DIFFARREA'TION, noun [Latin dis and farreatio.] The parting of a cake; a ceremony among the Romans, at the divorce of man and wife.

Encyc.

Differ

DIF'FER, verb intransitive [Latin differo, dis and fero, to bear or move apart; Italian differire; French differer. See Bear.]

1. Literally, to be separate. Hence, to be unlike, dissimilar, distinct or various, in nature, condition, form or qualities; followed by from Men differ from brutes; a statue differs from a picture; wisdom differs from folly.

One star differeth from another star in glory.

1 Corinthians 15.

2. To disagree; not to accord; to be of a contrary opinion. We are all free to differ in opinion, and sometimes our sentiments differ less than we at first suppose.

3. To contend; to be at variance; to strive or debate in words; to dispute; to quarrel.

We'll never differ with a crowded pit

Rowe.

Differ

DIF'FER, verb transitive To cause to be different or various. A different dialect and pronunciation differs persons of divers countries.

Derham.

[This transitive use of the verb is not common, nor to be commended.]

Difference

DIF'FERENCE, noun The state of being unlike or distinct; distinction; disagreement; want of sameness; variation; dissimilarity.

Difference may be total or partial, and exist in the nature and essence of things, in the form, the qualities or degrees. There is a difference in nature between animals and plants; a difference in form between the genera and species of animals; a difference of quality in paper; and a difference in degrees of heat, or of light.

2. The quality which distinguishes one thing from another.

3. Dispute; debate; contention; quarrel; controversy.

What was the difference? It was a contention in public.

Shak.

4. The point in dispute; ground of controversy.

Shak.

5. A logical distinction.

6. Evidences or marks of distinction.

The marks and differences of sovereignty.

Davies.

7. Distinction.

There is no difference between the Jew and the Greek. Romans 10.

8. In mathematics, the remainder of a sum or quantity, after a lesser sum or quantity is subtracted.

9. In logic, an essential attribute, belonging to some species, and not found in the genus; being the idea that defines the species.

Encyc.

10. In heraldry, a certain figure added to a coat of arms, serving to distinguish one family from another, or to show how distant a younger branch is from the elder or principal branch.

Difference

DIF'FERENCE, verb transitive To cause a difference or distinction. A regular administration of justice according to fixed laws differences a civilized from a savage state.

Different

DIF'FERENT, adjective Distinct; separate; not the same; as, we belong to different churches or nations.

2. Various or contrary; of various or contrary natures, forms or qualities; unlike; dissimilar; as different kinds of food or drink; different states of health; different shapes; different degrees of excellence.

Differential

DIFFEREN'TIAL, adjective An epithet applied to an infinitely small quantity, so small as to be less than any assignable quantity. This is called a differential quantity. The differential method is applied to the doctrine of infinitesimals, or infinitely small quantities, called the arithmetic of fluxions. It consists in descending from whole quantities to their infinitely small differences, and comparing them. Hence it is called the differential calculus, or analysis of infinitesimals.

Encyc. Harris.

Differently

DIF'FERENTLY, adverb In a different manner; variously. Men are differently affected with the same eloquence.

Differing

DIF'FERING, participle of the present tense Being unlike or distinct; disagreeing; contending.

Difficile

DIF'FICILE, adjective [Latin difficilis.] Difficult; hard; scrupulous. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Difficileness

DIF'FICILENESS, noun Difficulty to be persuaded. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Difficult

DIF'FICULT, adjective [Latin difficilis; dis and facilis, easy to be made or done, from facio, to make or do; Spanish dificultoso; Italian difficoltoso.]

1. Hard to be made, done or performed; not easy; attended with labor and pains; as, our task is difficult. It is difficult to persuade men to abandon vice. It is difficult to ascend a steep hill, or travel a bad road.

2. Hard to be pleased; not easily wrought upon; not readily yielding; not compliant; unaccommodating; rigid; austere; not easily managed or persuaded; as a difficult man; a person of a difficult temper.

3. Hard to be ascended as a hill, traveled as a road, or crossed as a river, &c. We say, a difficult ascent; a difficult road; a difficult river to cross; &c.

Difficulty

DIF'FICULTY, noun [French difficultÃƒ-©; Italian difficoltÃƒ- ; Spanish dificultad; Latin difficultas.]

1. Hardness to be done or accomplished; the state of any thing which renders its performance laborious or perplexing; opposed to easiness or facility; as the difficulty of a task or enterprise; a work of labor and difficulty.

2. That which is hard to be performed or surmounted. We often mistake difficulties for impossibilities. To overcome difficulties is an evidence of a great mind.

3. Perplexity; embarrassment of affairs; trouble; whatever renders progress or execution of designs laborious. We lie under many difficulties, by reason of bad markets, or a low state of trade.

4. Objection; obstacle to belief; that which cannot be easily understood, explained or believed, Men often raise difficulties concerning miracles and mysteries in religion, which candid research will remove.

5. In a popular sense, bodily complaints; indisposition.

Diffide

DIFFI'DE, verb intransitive [Latin diffido; dis and fido, to trust.]

To distrust; to have no confidence in. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Diffidence

DIF'FIDENCE, noun [Italian diffidanza; Spanish difidencia; from Latin diffidens, diffido; dis and fido, to trust. See Faith.]

1. Distrust; want of confidence; any doubt of the power, ability or disposition of others. It is said there was a general diffidence of the strength and resources of the nation, and of the sincerity of the king.

2.More generally, distrust of one's self; want of confidence in our own power, competency, correctness or wisdom; a doubt respecting some personal qualification. We speak or write with diffidence, when we doubt our ability to speak or write correctly or to the satisfaction of others. The effect of diffidence is some degree of reserve, modesty, timidity or bashfulness. Hence,

3. Modest reserve; a moderate degree of timidity or bashfulness; as, he addressed the audience or the prince with diffidence.

Diffident

DIF'FIDENT, adjective Distrustful; wanting confidence; doubting of another's power, disposition, sincerity or intention.

Be not diffident of wisdom.

Milton.

Be diffident in dealing with strangers.

Anon.

2. Distrustful of one's self; not confident; doubtful of one's own power or competency.

Distress makes the humble heart diffident.

Clarissa.

3. Reserved; modest; timid; as a diffident youth.

Diffidently

DIF'FIDENTLY, adverb With distrust; in a distrusting manner; modestly.

Diffluence

DIF'FLUENCE, or DIF'FLUENCY, noun [Latin diffluo.] A flowing or falling away on all sides.

Brown.

Diffluent

DIF'FLUENT, adjective Flowing away on all sides; not fixed.

Difform

DIF'FORM, adjective [Latin dis and forma. But it appears to have been adopted from the French or Italian, difforme, which we write deform.]

1. Irregular in form; not uniform; anomalous; as a difform flower or corol, the parts of which do not correspond in size or proportion; so difform leaves.

Martyn.

2. Unlike; dissimilar.

The unequal refractions of difform rays.

Newton.

Difformity

DIFFORM'ITY, noun Irregularity of form; want of uniformity.

Brown.

Diffranchise

DIFFRAN'CHISE. or DIFFRAN'CHISEMENT. [See Disfranchise, which is the word in use.]

Diffuse

DIFFU'SE, v. t. diffu'ze. [Latin diffusus; diffundo; dis and fundo, to pour, to spread. If n is casual, as it probably is, the root belongs to Class Bd or Bs.]

1. To pour out and spread, as a fluid; to cause to flow and spread.

The river rose and diffused its waters over the adjacent plain.

2. To spread; to send out or extend in all directions; to disperse. Flowers diffuse their odors. The fame of Washington is diffused over Europe. The knowledge of the true God will be diffused over the earth.

Diffuse

DIFFU'SE, adjective Widely spread; dispersed.

2. Copious; prolix; using many words; giving full descriptions; as, Livy is a diffuse writer.

3. Copious; verbose; containing full or particular accounts; not concise; as a diffuse style.

Diffused

DIFFU'SED, pp. diffu'zed. Spread; dispersed.

2. Loose; flowing; wild.

Shak.

Diffusedly

DIFFU'SEDLY, adv. diffu'zedly. In a diffused manner; with wide dispersion.

Diffusedness

DIFFU'SEDNESS, n. diffu'zedness. The state of being widely spread.

Sherwood.

Diffusely

DIFFU'SELY, adverb Widely;

2. Copiously; with many words; fully.

Diffusibility

DIFFUSIBIL'ITY, n. diffuzibil'ity. The quality of being diffusible, or capable of being spread; as the diffusibility of clay in water.

Kirwan.

Diffusible

DIFFU'SIBLE, a. diffu'zible. That may flow or be spread in all directions; that may be dispersed; as diffusible stimuli.

Brown.

Diffusibleness

DIFFU'SIBLENESS, n. s as z. Diffusibility.

Diffusion

DIFFU'SION, n. s as z. A spreading or flowing of a liquid substance or fluid, in a lateral as well as a lineal direction; as the diffusion of water; the diffusion of air or light.

2. A spreading or scattering; dispersion; as a diffusion of dust or of seeds.

3. A spreading; extension; propagation; as the diffusion of knowledge, or of good principles.

4. Copiousness; exuberance, as of style. [Little used.]

Diffusive

DIFFU'SIVE, adjective Having the quality of diffusing, or spreading by flowing, as liquid substances of fluids, or of dispersing, as minute particles. Water, air and light; dust, smoke and odors, are diffusive substances.

2. Extended; spread widely; extending in all directions; extensive; as diffusive charity or benevolence.

Diffusively

DIFFU'SIVELY, adverb Widely; extensively; every way.

Diffusiveness

DIFFU'SIVENESS, noun The power of diffusing, or state of being diffused; dispersion.

2. Extension, or extensiveness; as the diffusiveness of benevolence.

3. The quality or state of being diffuse, as an author or his style; verboseness; copiousness of words or expression.

Addison.

Dig

DIG, verb transitive pret. digged or dug; pp. digged or dug. [Swedish dika; Danish diger, to dig, to ditch; Swedish dike, a ditch, Danish dige; Dutch dyk, a dike; German deich, Saxondic, id.; Saxon dician, to ditch; Ethiopic, dachi. Class Dg. No. 14 The Irish, tochlaim, tachlaim, to dig, may be from the same root.]

1.To open and break or turn up the earth with a spade or other sharp instrument.

Be first to dig the ground.

Dryden.

2. To excavate; to form an opening in the earth by digging and removing the loose earth; as, to dig a well, a pit or a mine.

3. To pierce or open with a snout or by other means, as swine or moles.

4. To pierce with a pointed instrument; to thrust in.

Still for the growing liver digged his breast.

Dryden.

To dig down, is to undermine and cause to fall by digging; as, to dig down a wall.

To dig out, or to dig from, is to obtain by digging; as, to dig coals from a mine; to dig out fossils. But the preposition is often omitted, and it is said, the men are digging coals, or digging iron ore. In such phrases, some word is understood: They are digging out ore, or digging for coals, or digging ore from the earth.

To dig up, is to obtain something from the earth by opening it, or uncovering the thing with a spade or other instrument, or to force out from the earth by a bar; as, to dig up a stone.

Dig

DIG, verb intransitive To work with a spade or other piercing instrument; to do servile work.

I cannot dig; I am ashamed to beg. Luke 16.

2. To work in search of; to search.

They dig for it, more than for hid treasures. Job 3.

To dig in, is to pierce with a spade or other pointed instrument.

Son of man, dig now in the wall. Ezekiel 8.

To dig through, to open a passage through; to make an opening from one side to the other.

Digamma

DIGAM'MA, noun [Greek and, double gamma.]

The name of F, most absurdly given to that letter, when first invented or used by the Eolians, on account of its figure. A letter should be named from its sound, and not from its shape. The letter is ef.

Digamy

DIG'AMY, noun Second marriage. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Digastric

DIGAS'TRIC, adjective [Greek and, belly.] Having a double belly; an epithet given to a muscle of the lower jaw.

Bailey.

Digerent

DIG'ERENT, adjective [Latin digerens.] Digesting. [Not in use.]

Digest

DIGEST, noun [Latin digestus, put in order.] A collection or body of Roman laws, digested or arranged under proper titles by order of the Emperor Justinian. A pandect.

2. Any collection, compilation, abridgment or summary of laws, disposed under proper heads or titles; as the digest of Comyns.

Digest

DIGEST', verb transitive [Latin digestum, from digero, to distribute, or to dissolve; di or dis and gero, to bear, carry, or wear; French digerer; Italian digerire; Spanish digerir.]

1. To distribute into suitable classes, or under proper heads or titles; to arrange in convenient order; to dispose in due method; as, to digest the Roman laws or the common law.

2. To arrange methodically in the mind; to form with due arrangement of parts; as, to digest a plan or scheme.

3. To separate or dissolve in the stomach, as food; to reduce to minute parts fit to enter the lacteals and circulate; to concoct; to convert into chyme.

Coxe. Encyc.

4. In chimistry, to soften and prepare by heat; to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, as a preparation for chimical operations.

5. To bear with patience; to brook; to receive without resentment; not to reject; as, say what you will, he will digest it.

Shak.

6. To prepare in the mind; to dispose in a manner that shall improve the understanding and heart; to prepare for nourishing practical duties; as, to digest a discourse or sermon.

7. To dispose an ulcer or wound to suppurate.

8. To dissolve and prepare for manure, as plants and other substances.

Digest

DIGEST', verb intransitive To be prepared by heat.

2. To suppurate; to generate laudable pus; as an ulcer or wound.

3. To dissolve and be prepared for manure, as substances in compost.

Digested

DIGEST'ED, participle passive Reduced to method; arranged in due order; concocted or prepared in the stomach or by a gentle heat; received without rejection; borne; disposed for use.

Digester

DIGEST'ER, noun He that digests or disposes in order.

2. One who digests his food.

3. A medicine or article of food that aids digestion, or strengthens the digestive power of the stomach.

4. A strong vessel contrived by Papin, in which to boil bony substances with a strong heat, and reduce them to a fluid state, or in general, to increase the solvent power of water.

Digestible

DIGEST'IBLE, adjective Capable of being digested.

Bacon.

Digesting

DIGEST'ING, participle of the present tense Arranging in due order, or under proper heads; dissolving and preparing for circulation in the stomach; softening and preparing by heat; disposing for practice; disposing to generate pus; brooking; reducing by heat to a fluid state.

Digestion

DIGES'TION, noun [Latin digestio.] The con- version of food into chyme, or the process of dissolving aliment in the stomach and preparing it for circulation and nourishment. A good digestion is essential to health.

2. In chimistry, the operation of exposing bodies to a gentle heat, to prepare them for some action on each other; or the slow action of a solvent on any substance.

3. The act of methodizing and reducing to order; the maturation of a design.

Temple.

4. The process of maturing an ulcer or wound, and disposing it to generate pus; or the generation of matter.

5. The process of dissolution and preparation of substances for manure, as in compost.

Digestive

DIGEST'IVE, adjective Having the power to cause digestion in the stomach; as a digestive preparation or medicine.

2. Capable of softening and preparing by heat.

3. Methodizing; reducing to order; as digestive thought.

Dryden.

4. Causing maturation in wounds or ulcers.

5. Dissolving.

Digestive

DIGEST'IVE, noun In medicine, any preparation or medicine which increases the tone of the stomach, and aids digestion; a stomachic; a corroborant.

2. In surgery, an application which ripens an ulcer or wound, or disposes it to suppurate.

Digestive salt, the muriate of potash.

Digesture

DIGEST'URE, noun Concoction; digestion. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Digged

DIG'GED, preterit tense and participle passive of dig.

Digger

DIG'GER, noun One who digs; one who opens, throws up and breaks the earth; one who opens a well, pit, trench or ditch.

Dight

DIGHT, v. t. dite. [Saxon diht, disposition, order, command; dihtan, to set, establish, prepare, instruct, dictate. This seems to be from the same source as the Latin dico, dicto.]

To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array; to adorn. [Obsolete, or used only in poetry.]

Milton.

Digit

DIG'IT, n. [Latin digitus, a finger, that is, a shoot; Greek.]

1. The measure of a finger's breadth, or three fourths of an inch.

Boyle.

2. The twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon; a term used to express the quantity of an eclipse; as, an eclipse of six digits is one which hides one half of the disk.

3. In arithmetic, any integer under 10; so called from counting on the fingers. Thus, 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. are called digits.

Digital

DIG'ITAL, adjective [Latin digitalis.] Pertaining to the fingers, or to digits.

Digitate

DIG'ITATE, or DIG'ITATED, adjective In botany, a digitate leaf is one which branches into several distinct leaflets like fingers; or when a simple, undivided petiole connects several leaflets at the end of it.

Martyn.

Digladiate

DIGLA'DIATE, v.t. [Latin digladior.] To fence; to quarrel. [Little used.]

Digladiation

DIGLADIA'TION, noun A combat with swords; a quarrel.

B. Jonson.

Dignification

DIGNIFICA'TION, noun [See Dignify.] The act of dignifying; exaltation; promotion.

Walton.

Dignified

DIG'NIFIED, participle passive [See Dignify.] Exalted; honored; invested with dignity; as the dignified clergy.

2. adjective Marked with dignity; noble; as dignified conduct, or manner.

To the great astonishment of the Jews, the manners of Jesus are familiar, yet dignified.

Buckminster.

Dignify

DIG'NIFY, verb transitive [Spanish dignificar; Latin dignus, worthy, and facio, to make.]

1. To invest with honor or dignity; to exalt in rank; to promote; to elevate to a high office.

2. To honor; to make illustrious; to distinguish by some excellence, or that which gives celebrity.

Your worth will dignify our feast.

B. Jonson.

Dignitary

DIG'NITARY, noun An ecclesiastic who holds a dignity, or a benefice which gives him some pre-eminence over mere priests and canons, as a bishop, dean, archdeacon, prebendary, &c.

Encyc. Swift.

Dignity

DIG'NITY, noun [Latin dignitas, from dignus, worthy; Spanish digno; Italian degno; French digne; Armoric dign or din. Qu. its relation to Saxon dugan, to be good, to avail, to be worth, to be profitable. It is probable. It is probable that g and n are not both radical; but it is uncertain which.]

1. True honor; nobleness or elevation of mind, consisting in a high sense of propriety, truth and justice, with an abhorrence of mean and sinful actions; opposed to meanness. In this sense, we speak of the dignity of mind, and dignity of sentiments. This dignity is based on moral rectitude; all vice is incompatible with true dignity of mind. The man who deliberately injures another, whether male or female, has no true dignity of soul.

2. Elevation; honorable place or rank of elevation; degree of excellence, either in estimation, or in the order of nature. Man is superior in dignity to brutes.

3. Elevation of aspect; grandeur of mein; as a man of native dignity.

4. Elevation of deportment; as dignity of manners or behavior.

5. An elevated office, civil or ecclesiastical, giving a high rank in society; advancement; preferment, or the rank attached to it. We say, a man enjoys his dignity with moderation, or without haughtiness. Among ecclesiastics, dignity is office or preferment joined with power or jurisdiction.

Bailey. Johnson.

6. The rank or title of a nobleman.

Encyc.

7. In oratory, one of the three parts of elocution, consisting in the right use of tropes and figures.

Encyc.

8. In astrology, an advantage which a planet has on account of its being in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular station in respect to other planets.

Bailey.

9. A general maxim, or principle. [Not used.]

Brown.

Dignotion

DIGNO'TION, noun [Latin dignosco.] Distinguishing mark; distinction. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Digonous

DIG'ONOUS, adjective [Greek and, an angle.] In botany, having two angles, as a stem.

Lee.

Digraph

DIGRAPH, noun [Greek and, to write.] A union of two vowels, of which one only is pronounced, as in head, breath.

Sheridan.

Digress

DIGRESS', v.i. [Latin digressus, digredior; di or dis and gradior, to step. See Grade]

1. Literally, to step or go from the way or road; hence, to depart or wander from the main subject, design or tenor of a discourse, argument or narration; used only of speaking or writing.

In the pursuit of an argument there is hardly room to digress into a particular definition, as often as a man varies the signification of any term.

Locke.

2. To go out of the right way or common track; to deviate; in a literal sense. [Not now in use.]

Shak.

Digressing

DIGRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Departing from the main subject.

Digression

DIGRES'SION, noun [Latindigressio.] The act of digressing; a departure from the main subject under consideration; an excursion of speech or writing.

2. The part or passage of a discourse, argument or narration, which deviates from the main subject, tenor or design, but which may have some relation to it, or be of use to it.

3. Deviation from a regular course; as, the digression of the sun is not equal. [Little used.]

Brown.

Digressional

DIGRES'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to or consisting in digression; departing from the main purpose or subject.

Warton. Adams' Lect.

Degressive

DEGRESS'IVE, adjective Departing from the main subject; partaking of the nature of digression.

J. Q. Adams.

Digressively

DIGRESS'IVELY, adverb By way of digression.

Digyn

DIGYN, noun [Greek, two, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having two pistils.

Digynian

DIGYN'IAN, adjective Having two pistils.

Dihedral

DIHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, supra, and, a seat or face.] Having two sides as a figure.

Dihedral

DIHE'DRAL, noun [supra.] A figure with two sides or surfaces.

Dihexahedral

DIHEXAHE'DRAL, adjective [di. and hexahedral.]

In crystalography, having the form of a hexahedral prism with trihedral summits.

Cleaveland.

Dijudicate

DIJU'DICATE, v.t. [Latin dijudico.] To judge or determine by censure.

Hales.

Dijudication

DIJUDICA'TION, noun Judicial distinction.

Dike

DIKE, noun [Saxon dic; Swedish dike; Danish dige; Dutch dyk; German deich; Irish diog; Scot. dike, dyk; French digue; Spanish digue; from digging. See Dig. It is radically the same word as ditch, and this is its primary sense; but by an easy transition, it came to signify also the bank formed by digging and throwing up earth. Intrenchment is sometimes used both for a ditch and a rampart.]

1. A ditch; an excavation made in the earth by digging, of greater length than breadth, intended as a reservoir of water, a drain, or for other purpose.

Dryden. Pope.

2. A mound of earth, of stones, or of other materials, intended to prevent low lands from being inundated by the sea or a river. The low countries of Holland are thus defended by dikes.

3. A vein of basalt, greenstone or other stony substance.

Cleaveland.

Dike

DIKE, verb transitive To surround with a dike; to secure by a bank.

Dike

DIKE, verb intransitive To dig. [Not in use.]

Dilacerate

DILAC'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin dilacero; di and lacero, to tear.]

To tear; to rend asunder; to separate by force.

Brown.

Dilacerated

DILAC'ERATED, participle passive Torn; rent asunder.

Dilacerating

DILAC'ERATING, participle of the present tense Tearing; rending in two.

Dilaceration

DILACERA'TION, noun The act of rending asunder; a tearing, or rending. [In lieu of these words, lacerate, laceration, are generally used.]

Dilaniate

DILA'NIATE, verb transitive [Latin dilanio; di and lanio, to rend in pieces.]

To tear; to rend in pieces; to mangle. [Little used.]

Howell.

Dilaniation

DILANIA'TION, noun A tearing in pieces.

Dilapidate

DILAP'IDATE, verb intransitive [Latin dilapido; di and lapido, to stone, from lapis, a stone. It seems originally to have signified to pull down stone-work, or to suffer such work to fall to pieces.]

To go to ruin; to fall by decay.

Dilapidate

DILAP'IDATE, verb transitive To pull down; to waste or destroy; to suffer to go to ruin.

If the bishop, parson, or vicar, &c., dilapidates the buildings, or cuts down the timber of the patrimony of the churchÃ‚--

Blackstone.

2. To waste; to squander.

Dilapidated

DILAP'IDATED, participle passive Wasted; ruined; pulled down; suffered to go to ruin.

Dilapidating

DILAP'IDATING, participle of the present tense Wasting; pulling down; suffering to go to ruin.

Dilapidation

DILAPIDA'TION, noun Ecclesiastical waste; a voluntary wasting or suffering to go to decay any building in possession of an incumbent. Dilapidation is voluntary or active, when an incumbent pulls down a building; permissive or passive, when he suffers it to decay and neglects to repair it. Dilapidation extends to the waste or destruction of wood, and other property of the church.

Blackstone.

2. Destruction; demolition; decay; ruin.

Bryant.

3. Peculation.

Stephens.

Dilapidator

DILAP'IDATOR, noun One who causes dilapidation.

Dilatability

DILATABIL'ITY, noun [See Dilate.] The quality of admitting expansion by the elastic force of the body itself, or of another elastic substance acting upon it; opposed to contractibility.

Dilatable

DILA'TABLE, adjective Capable of expansion; possessing elasticity; elastic. A bladder is dilatable by the force of air; air is dilatable by heat. It is opposed to Contractible.

Dilatation

DILATA'TION, noun The act of expanding; expansion; a spreading or extending in all directions; the state of being expanded; opposed to contraction. Dilatation differs from extension, as the latter is applied to lines and surfaces; the former to bodies that spread, open or enlarge in all directions. A line or a plain is extended; a bladder, an artery, a balloon is dilated.

Dilate

DILA'TE, verb transitive [Latin dilato; di and latus, wide; French dilater; Italian dilatare; Spanish dilatar. See Delay.]

1. To expand; to distend; to enlarge or extend in all directions; opposed to contract. The air dilates the lungs; air is dilated by rarefaction.

2. To enlarge; to relate at large; to tell copiously or diffusely; as, to dilate upon the policy of a measure. In this sense, it is generally used intransitively. Spenser and Shakspeare have used it in a transitive sense; as, to dilate a theme.

Dilate

DILA'TE, verb intransitive To widen; to expand; to swell or extend in all directions.

His heart dilates and glories in his strength.

Addison.

2. To speak largely and copiously; to dwell on in narration.

An advocate may weaken his argument by dilating on trivial circumstances.

Dilate

DILA'TE, adjective Expanded; expansive.

Dilated

DILA'TED, participle passive Expanded; distended; enlarged so as to occupy a greater space.

Dilater

DILA'TER, noun One who enlarges; that which expands.

Dilating

DILA'TING, participle of the present tense Expanding; enlarging; speaking largely.

Dilator

DILA'TOR, noun That which widens or expands; a muscle that dilates.

Dilatorily

DIL'ATORILY, adverb With delay; tardily.

Dilatoriness

DIL'ATORINESS, noun [from dilatory.] The quality of being dilatory or late; lateness; slowness in motion; delay in proceeding; tardiness.

Dilatory

DIL'ATORY, adjective [French dilatoire; Italian dilatorio; Low Latin dilatorius, from differo, dilatus. See Delay and Dilate.]

1. Literally, drawing out or extending in time; hence, slow; late; tardy; applied to things; as dilatory councils or measures.

2. Given to procrastination; not proceeding with diligence; making delay; slow; late; applied to persons; as a dilatory messenger. A man is dilatory, when he delays attendance, or performance of business, beyond the proper time.

3. In law, intended to make delay; tending to delay; as a dilatory plea, which is designed or which tends to delay the trial of a cause.

Blackstone.

Dilection

DILEC'TION, noun [Latin dilectio.] A loving.

Martin.

Dilemma

DILEM'MA, noun [Greek, a syllogism which strikes on each side; and, an assumption, from, to take.]

1. In logic, an argument equally conclusive by contrary suppositions. A young rhetorician said to an old sophist: "Instruct me in pleading, and I will pay you, when I gain a cause." The master sued for the reward, and the scholar endeavored to elude the claim by a dilemma. "If I gain my cause, I shall withhold your pay, because the award of the judge will be against you. If I lose it, I may withhold it, because I shall not yet have gained a cause." The master replied: "If you gain your cause, you must pay me, because you are to pay me, when you gain a cause; if you lose it, you must pay me, because the judge will award it."

Johnson.

2. A difficult or doubtful choice; a state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves on every side, and it is difficult to determine what course to pursue.

A strong dilemma in a desperate case!

To act with infamy, or quit the place.

Swift.

Dilettante

DILETTAN'TE, noun [Italian] One who delights in promoting science or the fine arts.

Burke.

Diligence

DIL'IGENCE, noun [Latin diligentia, from diligo, to love earnestly; di and lego, to choose.]

1. Steady application in business of any kind; constant effort to accomplish what is undertaken; exertion of body or mind without unnecessary delay or sloth; due attention; industry; assiduity.

Diligence is the philosopher's stone that turns every thing to gold.

Brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Peter 1.

2. Care; heed; heedfulness.

Keep thy heart with all diligence. Proverbs 4.

3. The name of a stage-coach, used in France.

Diligent

DIL'IGENT, adjective [Latin diligens.] Steady in application to business; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish what is undertaken; assiduous; attentive; industrious; not idle or negligent; applied to persons.

Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings. Proverbs 22.

2. Steadily applied; prosecuted with care and constant effort; careful; assiduous; as, make diligent search.

The judges shall make diligent inquisition. Judges 19.

Diligently

DIL'IGENTLY, adverb With steady application and care; with industry or assiduity; not carelessly; not negligently.

Ye shall diligently keep the commandments of the Lord your God. Deuteronomy 6.

Dill

DILL, noun [Saxon dil, dile; Swedish dill; Danish dild; Dutch dille; German dill.]

An annual plant of the genus Anethum, the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent and aromatic.

Dilucid

DILU'CID, adjective [Latin dilucidus.] Clear. [Not in use.]

Dilucidate

DILU'CIDATE, verb transitive To make clear. [Not in use. See Elucidate.]

Diluent

DIL'UENT, adjective [Latin diluens. See Dilute.] Making liquid or more fluid; making thin; attenuating.

2. Weakening the strength of, by mixture with water.

Diluent

DIL'UENT, noun That which thins or attenuates; that which makes more liquid.

2. That which weakens the strength of; as water, which, mixed with wine or spirit, reduces the strength of it.

Dilute

DILU'TE, verb transitive [Latin diluo, dilutus; di, dis, and lavo, luo, to wash, contracted from lago or lugo. See Deluge.]

1. Literally, to wash; but appropriately, to render liquid, or more liquid; to make thin, or more fluid. Thus sirup or melasses is made thin or more liquid by an admixture with water; and the water is said to dilute it. Hence,

2. To weaken, as spirit or an acid, by an admixture of water, which renders the spirit or acid less concentrated. Thus, we dilute spirit, wine or a decoction by adding to it water.

3. To make weak or weaker, as color, by mixture.

Newton.

4. To weaken; to reduce the strength or standard of; as, to dilute virtue.

Milner.

Dilute

DILU'TE, adjective Thin; attenuated; reduced in strength, as spirit or color.

Newton.

Diluted

DILU'TED, participle passive Made liquid; rendered more fluid; weakened, made thin, as liquids.

Diluter

DILU'TER, noun That which makes thin, or more liquid.

Diluting

DILU'TING, participle of the present tense Making thin or more liquid; weakening.

Dilution

DILU'TION, noun The act of making thin, weak, or more liquid. Opposite to dilution is coagulation or thickening.

Arbuthnot.

Diluvial

DILU'VIAL, or DILU'VIAN, adjective [Latin diluvium, a deluge, from diluo. See Dilute.]

1. Pertaining to a flood or deluge, more especially to the deluge in Noah's days.

2. Effected or produced by a deluge, particularly by the great flood in the days of Noah.

Buckland.

Diluviate

DILU'VIATE, verb intransitive To run as a flood . [Not much used.]

Sandys.

Diluvium

DILU'VIUM, noun [Latin] In geology, a deposit of superficial loam, sand, gravel, &c., caused by the deluge.

Buckland.

Dim

DIM, adjective [Saxon dim; Danish dum, dark, obscure, dim, and dumb; dummer, to dim; dummes, to grow dim or dull, to stupify, dumps, dumpish; Swedish dimba, fog, mist, a cloud; Irish deimhe, darkness; Russian tuman, fog; temnei, dark, obscure; Sanscrit tama, black, Finn. tumma. It seems to be allied to damp, vapor, Russian dim or deim. See Damp. If dim and dumb are of the same family, the sense is close, thick.]

1. Not seeing clearly; having the vision obscured and indistinct.

When Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim. Genesis 27.

2. Not clearly seen; obscure; imperfectly seen or discovered; as a dim prospect.

3. Somewhat dark; dusky; not luminous; as a dim shade.

Spenser.

4. Dull of apprehension; having obscure conceptions.

The understanding is dim.

Rogers.

5. Having its luster obscured; sullied; tarnished.

How is the gold become dim? Lamentations 4.

Dim

DIM, verb transitive To cloud; to impair the powers of vision; as, to dim the eyes.

2. To obscure; as, to dim the sight; to dim the prospect.

3. To render dull the powers of conception.

4. To make less bright; to obscure.

Each passion dimmed his face.

Milton.

5. To render less bright; to tarnish or sully; as, to dim gold.

Dimble

DIM'BLE, noun A bower; a cell or retreat. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Dime

DIME, noun [French contracted from dixieme or disme, Norm. dieme, tenth.]

A silver coin of the United States, of the value of ten cents; the tenth of a dollar.

Dimension

DIMEN'SION, noun [Latin dimensio, from dimetior, to measure; di or dis and metior, to mete; Greek. See Mete and Measure.]

In geometry, the extent of a body, or length, breadth and thickness or depth. A line has one dimension, or length; a superficies has two dimensions, length and breadth; and a solid has three dimensions, length, breadth and thickness or depth. The word is generally used in the plural, and denotes the whole space occupied by a body, or its capacity, size, measure; as the dimensions of a room, or of a ship; the dimensions of a farm, of a kingdom, &c.

Dimensionless

DIMEN'SIONLESS, adjective Without any definite measure or extent; boundless.

Milton.

Dimensity

DIMEN'SITY, noun Extent; capacity.

Howell.

Dimensive

DIMEN'SIVE, adjective That marks the boundaries or outlines.

Who can draw the soul's dimensive lines?

Davies.

Dimeter

DIM'ETER, adjective [Latin] Having two poetical measures.

Tyrwhitt.

Dimeter

DIM'ETER, noun A verse of two measures.

Dimidiate

DIMID'IATE, verb transitive [Latin dimidio.] To divide into two equal parts.

Dimidiated

DIMID'IATED, adjective [Latin dimidiatus; di and medius, middle.] Divided into two equal parts; halved.

Dimidiation

DIMIDIA'TION, noun The act of halving; division into two equal parts.

Diminish

DIMIN'ISH, verb transitive [Latin diminuo; di and minuo, to lessen; minor, less; Italian diminuire; French diminuer; Spanishdiminuir; Irish min, fine; mion, small; Welsh main, meinw, small, slender; Russian menshe, less; umenshayu, to diminish; Arabic manna, to cut off, to weaken, to diminish. Class Mn. No. 5.]

1. To lessen; to make less or smaller, by any means; opposed to increase and augment; as, to diminish the size of a thing by contraction, or by cutting off a part; to diminish a number by subtraction; to diminish the revenue by limiting commerce, or reducing the customs; to diminish strength or safety; to diminish the heat of a room. It is particularly applied to bulk and quantity, as shorten is to length.

2. To lessen; to impair; to degrade.

I will diminish, them, that they shall no more rule over the nations. Ezekiel 29.

3. In music, to take from a note by a sharp, flat or natural.

To diminish from, to take away something. Obs.

Neither shall you diminish aught from it.

Deuteronomy 4.

Diminish

DIMIN'ISH, verb intransitive To lessen; to become or appear less or smaller. The size of an object diminishes, as we recede from it.

Diminished

DIMIN'ISHED, participle passive Lessened; made smaller; reduced in size; contracted; degraded.

Diminishing

DIMIN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Lessening; contracting; degrading.

Diminishingly

DIMIN'ISHINGLY, adverb In a manner to lessen reputation.

Locke.

Diminuent

DIMIN'UENT, adjective Lessening. [Little used.]

Sanderson.

Diminute

DIM'INUTE, adjective Small. [Not in use.]

Gorges.

Diminution

DIMINU'TION, noun [Latin diminutio.] The act of lessening; a making smaller; opposed to augmentation; as the diminution of size, of wealth, of power, of safety.

2. The state of becoming or appearing less; opposed to increase; as the diminution of the apparent diameter of a receding body.

3. Discredit; loss of dignity; degradation.

Philips.

4. Deprivation of dignity; a lessening of estimation.

Addison.

5. In architecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column, by which its diame- ter is made less than that of the lower part.

6. In music, the imitation of or reply to a subject in notes of half the length or value of those of the subject itself.

Busby.

Diminutive

DIMIN'UTIVE, adjective [French diminutif; Italian diminuitivo; Spanish diminutivo.]

Small; little; narrow; contracted; as a diminutive race of men or other animals; a diminutive thought.

Diminutive

DIMIN'UTIVE, noun In grammar, a word formed from another word, usually an appellative or generic term, to express a little thing of the kind; as, in Latin, lapillus, a little stone, from lapis; cellula, a little cell, from cella, a cell; in French, maisonnette, a little house, from maison, a house; in English, manikin, a little man, from man.

Diminutively

DIMIN'UTIVELY, adverb In a diminutive manner; in a manner to lessen; as, to speak diminutively of another.

Diminutiveness

DIMIN'UTIVENESS, noun Smallness; littleness; want of bulk; want of dignity.

Dimish

DIM'ISH, adjective [from dim.] Somewhat dim, or obscure.

Dimissory

DIM'ISSORY, adjective [Latin dimissorius. See Dismiss.]

1. Sending away; dismissing to another jurisdiction. A letter dimissory, is one given by a bishop to a candidate for holy orders, having a title in his diocese, directed to some other bishop, and giving leave for the bearer to be ordained by him.

Encyc.

2. Granting leave to depart.

Prideaux.

Dimit

DIMIT', verb transitive [Latin dimitto.] To permit to go; to grant to farm; to let. [Not in use.]

Dimity

DIM'ITY, noun [Dutch diemit.] A kind of white cotton cloth, ribbed or figured.

Dimly

DIM'LY, adverb [See Dim.] In a dim or obscure manner; with imperfect sight.

2. Not brightly, or clearly; with a faint light.

Dimming

DIM'MING, participle of the present tense Obscuring.

Dimming

DIM'MING, noun Obscurity.

Shak.

Dimness

DIM'NESS, noun Dullness of sight; as the dimness of the eyes.

2. Obscurity of vision; imperfect sight; as the dimness of a view.

3. Faintness; imperfection; as the dimness of a color.

4. Want of brightness; as the dimness of gold or silver.

5. Want of clear apprehension; stupidity; as the dimness of perception.

Dimple

DIM'PLE, noun [Qu. German taumeln, to reel, to indent.]

A small natural cavity or depression in the cheek or other part of the face.

Prior.

Dimple

DIM'PLE, verb intransitive To form dimples; to sink into depressions or little inequalities.

And smiling eddies dimpled on the main.

Dryden.

Dimpled

DIM'PLED, adjective Set with dimples; as a dimpled cheek.

Dimply

DIM'PLY, adjective Full of dimples, or small depressions; as the dimply flood.

Warton.

Dim-Sighted

DIM'-SIGHTED, adjective Having dim or obscure vision.

Addison.

Din

DIN, noun [Saxon dyn, noise; dyna, to sound; Icelandic dyna, to thunder; Latintinnio, tonus, tono. This word probably belongs to the root of tone and thunder, and denotes a rumbling or rattling noise. Saxon eorth-dyne, an earthquake.]

Noise; a loud sound; particularly, a rattling, by clattering or rumbling sound, long continued; as the din of arms; the din of war.

Din

DIN, verb transitive To strike with continued or confused sound; to stun with noise; to harass with clamor; as, to din the ears with cries; to din with clamor.

Dine

DINE, verb intransitive [Saxon dynan, to dine. The Frenchdiner, is supposed to be contracted from Italian desinare, to dine, Latin desino, to cease; in which case, dinner must have been so named from the intermission of business. The Saxon and the French, in this case, are probably from different sources. The Greek has, and, to feast.]

To eat the chief meal of the day. This meal seems originally to have been taken about the middle of the day, at least in northern climates, as it still is by laboring people. Among people in the higher walks of life, and in commercial towns, the time of dining is from two to five or six o'clock in the afternoon.

Dine

DINE, verb transitive To give a dinner to; to furnish with the principal meal; to feed; as, the landlord dined a hundred men.

Dinetical

DINET'ICAL, adjective [Greek.] Whirling round. [Not used.]

Brown.

Ding

DING, verb transitive pret.dung or dinged. [Saxondencgan, to beat; Scot. ding, to drive or strike.]

To thrust or dash with violence. [Little used.]

Nash. Marston.

Ding

DING, verb intransitive To bluster; to bounce. [A low word.]

Arbuthnot.

Ding-Dong

DING-DONG. Words used to express the sound of bells.

Shak.

Dinginess

DIN'GINESS, noun [See Dingy.] A dusky or dark hue; brownness.

Dingle

DIN'GLE, noun A narrow dale or valley between hills.

Milton.

Dingle-Dangle

DINGLE-DANGLE. Hanging loosely, or something dangling.

Warton.

Dingy

DIN'GY, a, Soiled; sullied; of a dark color; brown; dusky; dun.

Dining

DI'NING, participle of the present tense Eating the principal meal in the day.

Dining-Room

DI'NING-ROOM, noun A room for a family or for company to dine in; a room for entertainments.

Dinner

DIN'NER, noun [French diner; Irish dinner. See Dine.]

1. The meal taken about the middle of the day; or the principal meal of the day, eaten between noon and evening.

2. An entertainment; a feast.

Behold, I have prepared my dinner. Matthew 22.

Dinner-Time

DIN'NER-TIME, noun The usual time of dining.

Pope.

Dint

DINT, noun [Saxondynt, a blow or striking. It may be connected with din and ding.]

1. A blow; a stroke.

Milton.

2. Force; violence; power exerted; as, to win by dint of arms, by dint of war, by dint of argument or importunity.

3. The mark made by a blow; a cavity or impression made by a blow or by pressure on a substance; often pronounced dent.

His hands had made a dint.

Dryden.

Dint

DINT, verb transitive To make a mark or cavity on a substance by a blow or by pressure. [See Indent.]

Donne.

Dinted

DINT'ED, participle passive Marked by a blow or by pressure; as deep-dinted furrows.

Spenser.

Dinting

DINT'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing marks or cavities.

Dinumeration

DINUMERA'TION, noun The act of numbering singly. [Little used.]

Diocesan

DI'OCESAN, adjective [See Diocese. The accent on the first and on the third syllable is nearly equal. The accent given to this word in the English books is wrong, almost to ridiculousness.] Pertaining to a diocese.

Diocesan

DI'OCESAN, noun A bishop; one in possession of a diocese, and having the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over it.

Diocese

DI'OCESE, noun [Greek, administration, a province or jurisdiction; and, residence; to dwell; a house. Diocess is a very erroneous orthography.]

The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; an ecclesiastical division of a kingdom or state, subject to the authority of a bishop. In England there are two provinces or circuits of archbishop's jurisdiction, Canterbury and York. The province of Canterbury contains twenty-one dioceses, and that of York three, besides the isle of Man. Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries, of which there are sixty; and each archdeaconry, into rural deaneries; and every deanery, into parishes.

Blackstone.

A diocese was originally a division of the Roman empire for the purpose of civil government, a prefecture. But the term is now exclusively appropriated to ecclesiastical jurisdiction.

Encyc.

Dioctahedral

DIOCTAHE'DRAL, adjective [dis and octahedral.] In crystalography, having the form of an octahedral prism with tetrahedral summits.

Cleaveland.

Diodon

DI'ODON, noun The sun-fish; a genus of fishes of a singular form, appearing like the fore part of the body of a deep fish amputated in the middle.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Diomede

DI'OMEDE, noun An aquatic fowl of the webfooted kind, about the size of a common domestic hen, but its neck and legs much longer.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Diopside

DIOP'SIDE, noun [Greek.] A rare mineral, regarded by HaÃƒ-œy as a variety of augite, and called by Jameson a subspecies of oblique-edged augite, occurring in prismatic crystals, of a vitreous luster, and of a pale green, or a greenish or yellowish white. The variety with four-sided prisms has been called Mussite, from Mussa in Piedmont. It resembles the Sahlite.

Cleaveland.

Dioptase

DIOP'TASE, noun Emerald copper ore, a translucent mineral, occurring crystalized in six-sided prisms.

Cyc.

Dioptric

DIOP'TRIC, or DIOP'TRICAL, adjective [Greek ., from, to see through; and, to see.]

1. Affording a medium for the sight; assisting the sight in the view of distant objects; as a dioptric glass.

Boyle.

2. Pertaining to dioptrics, or the science of refracted light.

Dioptrics

DIOP'TRICS, noun That part of optics which treats of the refractions of light passing through different mediums, as through air, water or glass.

Harris.

Diorism

DI'ORISM, noun [Greek.] Definition. [Rarely used.]

More.

Dioristic

DIORIS'TIC, adjective Distinguishing; defining. [Rarely used.]

Dioristically

DIORIS'TICALLY, adverb In a distinguishing manner. [Rarely used.]

Dip

DIP, v.t. pret. and pp. dipped or dipt. [Saxondippan; Gothic daupyan; Dutch doopen; Germantupfen; Swedish dopa, doppa; Danish dypper; Italian tuffare; Russian toplyu; Greek; allied probably to dive, HebrewChaldee. The primary sense is to thrust or drive, for the same word in Syriac and Arabic significs to stamp or impress a mark, Greek, whence type, and, to strike, tap, seem to be of the same family. Class Db.No.28.]

1. To plunge or immerse, for a moment or short time, in water or other liquid substance; to put into a fluid and withdraw.

The priest shall dip his finger in the blood. Leviticus 4.

Let him dip his foot in oil. Deuteronomy 33.

One dip the pencil, and one string the lyre.

Pope.

2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immersing it in a fluid, as to dip water from a boiler; often with out, as to dip out water.

3. To engage; to take concern; used intransitively, but the passive participle is used.

He was a little dipt in the rebellion of the commons.

Dryden.

4. To engage as a pledge; to mortgage. [Little used.]

Dryden.

5. To moisten; to wet. [Unusual.]

Milton.

6. To baptize by immersion.

Dip

DIP, verb intransitive To sink; to immerge in a liquid.

L'Estrange.

2. To enter; to pierce.

Granville.

3. To engage; to take a concern; as, to dip into the funds.

4. To enter slightly; to look cursorily, or here and there; as, to dip into a volume of history.

Pope.

5. To choose by chance; to thrust and take.

Dryden.

6. To incline downward; as, the magnetic needle dips. [See Dipping.]

Dip

DIP, noun Inclination downward; a sloping; a direction below a horizontal line; depression; as the dip of the needle.

The dip of a stratum, in geology, is its greatest inclination to the horizon, or that on a line perpendicular to its direction or course; called also the pitch.

Cyc.

Dip-Chick

DIP-CHICK, noun A small bird that dives.

Dipetalous

DIPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek and,a leaf or petal.]

Having two flower-leaves or petals; two-petaled.

Martyn.

Diphthong

DIPH'THONG, noun [Greek; and, sound; Latindiphthongus.]

A coalition or union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable. In uttering a diphthong, both vowels are pronounced; the sound is not simple, but the two sounds are so blended as to be considered as forming one syllable, as in joy, noise, bound, out. [The pronunciation dipthong is vulgar.]

Diphthongal

DIPHTHONG'AL, adjective Belonging to a diphthong; consisting of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable.

Diphyllous

DIPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek and, a leaf.] In botany, having two leaves, as a calyx, &c.

Diploe

DIP'LOE, noun [Greek, double.] The soft meditullium, medullary substance, or porous part, between the plates of the skull.

Coxe. Encyc.

Diploma

DIPLO'MA, noun [Greek, from, to double or fold. Anciently, a letter or other composition written on paper or parchment and folded; afterwards, any letter, literary monument, or public document.]

A letter or writing conferring some power, authority, privilege or honor. Diplomas are given to graduates of colleges on their receiving the usual degrees; to clergymen who are licensed to exercise the ministerial functions; to physicians who are licensed to practice their profession; and to agents who are authorized to transact business for their principals. A diploma then is a writing or instrument, usually under seal and signed by the proper person or officer, conferring merely honor, as in the case of graduates, or authority, as in the case of physicians, agents, &c.

Diplomacy

DIPLO'MACY, noun [This word, like supremacy, retains the accent of its original.]

1. The customs, rules and privileges of embassadors, envoys and other representatives of princes and states at foreign courts; forms of negotiation.

2. A diplomatic body; the whole body of ministers at a foreign court.

3. The agency or management of ministers at a foreign court.

Cevallos.

Diplomated

DIP'LOMATED, adjective Made by diplomas.

Kennet.

Diplomatic

DIPLOMAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to diplomas; privileged.

2. Furnished with a diploma; authorized by letters or credentials to transact business for a sovereign at a foreign court. Ministers at a court are denominated a diplomatic body.

3. Pertaining to ministers at a foreign court, or to men authorized by diploma; as a diplomatic character; diplomatic management.

Diplomatic

DIPLOMAT'IC, noun A minister, official agent or envoy to foreign court.

Diplomatics

DIPLOMAT'ICS, noun The science of diplomas, or of ancient writings, literary and public documents, letters, decrees, characters, codicils, &c., which has for its object to decipher old writings, to ascertain their authenticity, their date, signatures, &c.

Encyc. Lunier.

Dipper

DIP'PER, noun One that dips; he or that which dips.

2. A vessel used to dip water or other liquor; a ladle.

Dipping

DIP'PING, participle of the present tense Plunging or immersing into a liquid and speedily withdrawing, as to ascertain the temperature of water by dipping the finger in it; baptizing by immersion.

2. Engaging or taking a concern in.

3. Looking into here and there; examining in a cursory, slight or hasty manner.

4. Inclining downward, as the magnetic needle.

5. Breaking; inclining; as a vein of ore.

Dipping

DIP'PING, noun The act of plunging or immersing.

2. The act of inclining towards the earth; inclination downwards; as the dipping of the needle.

3. The interruption of a vein of ore, or stratum of a fossil, in a mine; or a sloping downwards.

4. The act of baptizing by the immersion of the whole body in water.

Dipping-Needle

DIP'PING-NEEDLE, noun A needle that dips; a magnetic needle which dips or inclines to the earth; an instrument which shows the inclination of the magnet, at the different points of the earth's surface. In the equatorial regions, the needle takes a horizontal position; but as we recede from the equator towards either pole, it dips or inclines one end to the earth, the north end, as we proceed northward, and the south end, as we proceed southward, and the farther north or south we proceed, the greater is the dip or inclination. This is on the supposition that the poles of the earth and the magnetic poles coincide, which is not the case. The above statement is strictly true, only of the magnetic equator and its poles.

Cavallo. Cyc.

Diprismatic

DIPRISMAT'IC, adjective [di and prismatic.] Doubly prismatic.

Jameson.

Dipsas

DIP'SAS, noun [Greek, dry, thirsty;, to thirst.]

A serpent whose bite produces a mortal thirst. See Deuteronomy 8.

Dipter

DIP'TER, or DIP'TERA, noun [Greek, and, a wing.]

The dipters are an order of insects having only two wings, and two poisers, as the fly.

Encyc.

Dipteral

DIP'TERAL, adjective Having two wings only.

Diptote

DIP'TOTE, noun [Greek from and, to fall.]

In grammar, a noun which has only two cases; as, suppetioe, suppetias. suppetias.

Encyc.

Diptych

DIP'TYCH, noun [Greek; and, to fold.]

A public register of the names of consuls and other magistrates among pagans; and of bishops, martyrs and others, among christians; so called because it consisted of two leaves folded, but it sometimes contained three or more leaves. The sacred diptych was a double catalogue, in one of which were registered the names of the living, and in the other the names of the dead, which were to be rehearsed during the office.

Encyc.

Dipyre

DIPY'RE, noun A mineral occurring in minute prisms, either single or adhering to each other in fascicular groups. Before the blowpipe, it melts with ebullition or intumescence, and its powder on hot coals phosphoresces with a feeble light. Its name, from Greek, two, and, fire, indicates the double effect of fire, in producing fusion and phosphorescence.

Cleaveland.

Dire

DIRE, adjective [Latin dirus. If the primary sense is terrible, this word may belong to the root of terreo. But it may be great, wonderful, Syriac; ther, to wonder; or it may be raging, furious, as in Latin diroe.]

Dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible; evil in a great degree.

Dire was the tossing, deep the groans.

Milton.

Direct

DIRECT', adjective [Latin directus, from dirigo; di and rego, rectus, to make straight. See Right.]

1. Straight; right; as, to pass in a direct line from one body or place to another. It is opposed to crooked, winding, oblique. It is also opposed to refracted; as a direct ray of light.

2. In astronomy, appearing to move forward in the zodiac, in the direction of the signs; opposed to retrograde; as, the motion of a planet is direct.

3. In the line of father and son; opposed to collateral; as a descendant in the direct line.

4. Leading or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course; not circuitous. Thus we speak of direct means to effect an object; a direct course; a direct way.

5. Open; not ambiguous or doubtful.

Bacon.

6. Plain; express; not ambiguous; as, he said this in direct words; he made a direct acknowledgment.

7. In music, a direct interval is that which forms any kind of harmony on the fundamental sound which produces it; as the fifth, major third and octave.

Rousseau.

Direct tax, is a tax assessed on real estate, as houses and lands.

Direct

DIRECT', verb transitive [Latin directum, directus, from dirigo.]

1. To point or aim in a straight line, towards a place or object; as, to direct an arrow or a piece of ordnance; to direct the eye; to direct a course or flight.

2. To point; to show the right road or course; as, he directed me to the left hand road.

3. To regulate; to guide or lead; to govern; to cause to proceed in a particular manner; as, to direct the affairs of a nation. Wisdom is profitable to direct. Ecclesiastes 10.

4. To prescribe a course; to mark out a way. Job 37.

5. To order; to instruct; to point out a course of proceeding, with authority; to command. But direct is a softer term than command.

Direct

DIRECT', noun In music, a character placed at the end of a stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next stave.

Busby.

Directed

DIRECT'ED, participle passive Aimed; pointed; guided; regulated; governed; ordered; instructed.

Directer

DIRECT'ER, noun A director, which see.

Directing

DIRECT'ING, participle of the present tense Aiming; pointing; guiding; regulating; governing; ordering.

Direction

DIREC'TION, noun [Latin directio.] Aim at a certain point; a pointing towards, in a straight line or course; as, the direction of good works to a good end.

Smalridge.

2. The line in which a body moves by impulse; course. Matter or body cannot alter the direction of its own motion.

3. A straight line or course. A star appeared in the direction of a certain tower. The ship sailed in a south-easterly direction.

4. The act of governing; administration; management; guidance; superintendence; as the direction of public affairs; direction of domestic concerns; the direction of a bank.

5. Regularity; adjustment.

All chance, direction which thou canst not see.

Pope.

6. Order; prescription, either verbal or written; instruction in what manner to proceed. The employer gives directions to his workmen; the physician, to his patient.

7. The superscription of a letter, including the name, title and place of abode of the person for whom it is intended.

8. A body or board of directors.

Directive

DIRECT'IVE, adjective Having the power of direction; as a directive rule.

Hooker.

2. Informing; instructing; shewing the way.

Directly

DIRECT'LY, adverb In a straight line or course; rectilineally; not in a winding course. Aim directly to the object. Gravity tends directly to the center of the earth. As a direct line is the shortest course, hence

2. Immediately; soon; without delay; as, he will be with us directly.

3. Openly; expressly, without circumlocution or ambiguity, or without a train of inferences.

No man hath been so impious, as directly to condemn prayer.

Hooker.

Directness

DIRECT'NESS, noun Straightness; a straight course; nearness of way.

Bentley.

Director

DIRECT'OR, noun One who directs; one who superintends, governs or manages; one who prescribes to others, by virtue of authority; an instructor; a counselor.

2. That which directs; a rule; an ordinance.

3. One appointed to transact the affairs of a company; as the director of a bank, or of the India Company.

4. That which directs or controls by influence.

Safety from external danger is the most powerful director of national conduct.

Federalist, Hamilton.

5. In surgery, a grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of the knife or scissors in opening sinuses or fistulae; a guide for an incision-knife.

Encyc. Coxe.

Directorial

DIRECTO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to directors or direction; containing direction or command.

Directory

DIRECT'ORY, adjective Containing directions; enjoining; instructing.

Directory

DIRECT'ORY, noun A guide; a rule to direct; particularly, a book containing directions for public worship, or religious services. The Bible is our best directory, in faith and practice.

2. A book containing an alphabetical list of the inhabitants of a city, with their places of abode.

3. The supreme council of France, in the late revolution.

4. A board of directors.

Directress

DIRECT'RESS, noun A female who directs or manages.

Directrix

DIRECT'RIX, noun A female who governs or directs.

Direful

DI'REFUL, adjective [See

Dire.] Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous; as direful fiend; a direful misfortune.

Spenser. Dryden. Pope.

Direfully

DI'REFULLY, adverb Dreadfully; terribly; wofully.

Diremption

DIREMP'TION, noun [Latin diremptio.] A separation.

Bp. Hall.

Direness

DI'RENESS, noun Terribleness; horror; dismalness.

Shak.

Direption

DIREP'TION, noun [Latin direptio.] The act of plundering.

Dirge

DIRGE, noun durj. [Usually supposed to be a contraction of Latin dirige, a word used in the funeral service. In Swedish dyrka, Danish dyrker, signifies to worship, honor, reverence.]

A song or tune intended to express grief, sorrow and mourning; as a funeral dirge.

Dirigent

DIR'IGENT, or DIRECT'RIX, noun [See Direct.] In geometry, the line of motion along which the describent line or surface is carried in the generation of any plane or solid figure.

Encyc.

Dirk

DIRK, noun durk. [Scot. durk.] A kind of dagger or poniard.

Dirk

DIRK, adjective durk. Dark. obsolete

Spenser.

Dirk

DIRK, verb transitive durk. To darken. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To poniard; to stab.

Dirt

DIRT, noun durt. [Saxon gedritan; Dutch dryten; Icelandic drit, cacare.]

1. Any foul or filthy substance; excrement; earth; mud; mire; dust; whatever adhering to any thing, renders it foul or unclean. The fat closed, and the dirt came out. Judges 3.

Whose waters cast up mire and dirt. Isaiah 57.

2. Meanness; sordidness. [Not in use.]

Dirt

DIRT, verb transitive durt. To make foul or filthy; to soil; to bedaub; to pollute; to defile.

Swift.

Dirtily

DIRT'ILY, adverb durt'ily. [from dirty.] In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; filthily.

2. Meanly; sordidly; by low means.

Dirtiness

DIRT'INESS, noun durt'iness. Filthiness; foulness; nastiness.

2. Meanness; baseness; sordidness.

Dirty

DIRT'Y, adjective durt'y. Foul; nasty; filthy; not clean; as dirty hands.

2. Not clean; not pure; turbid; as dirty water.

3. Cloudy; dark; dusky; as a dirty white.

4. Mean; base; low; despicable; groveling; as a dirty fellow; a dirty employment.

Dirty

DIRT'Y, verb transitive durt'y. To foul; to make filthy; to soil; as, to dirty the clothes or hands.

2. To tarnish; to sully; to scandalize; applied to reputation.

Diruption

DIRUP'TION, noun [Latin diruptio; dirumpo, to burst.] A bursting or rending asunder. [See Disruption.]

Dis

DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin, whence French des, Spanish dis, and de may in some instances be the same word contracted. Dis, denotes separation, a parting from; hence it has the force of a privative and negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. In some cases, it still signifies separation, as in distribute, disconnect.

Disability

DISABIL'ITY, noun [from disable.] Want of competent natural or bodily power, strength or ability; weakness; impotence; as disability arising from infirmity or broken limbs.

2. Want of competent intellectual power or strength of mind; incapacity; as the disability of a deranged person to reason or to make contracts.

3. Want of competent means or instruments. [In this sense, inability used.]

4. Want of legal qualifications; incapacity; as a disability to inherit an estate, when the ancestor has been attained. [In this sense, it has a plural.]

Blackstone.

Disability differs from inability, in denoting deprivation of ability; whereas inability denotes destitution of ability, either by deprivation or otherwise.

Disable

DISA'BLE, verb transitive [dis and able.] To render unable; to deprive of competent natural strength or power. A man is disabled to walk by a broken or paralytic leg, by sickness, &c.

2. To deprive of mental power, as by destroying or weakening the understanding.

3. To deprive of adequate means, instruments or resources. A nation may be disabled to carry on war by want of money. The loss of a ship may disable a man to prosecute commerce, or to pay his debts.

4. To destroy the strength; or to weaken and impair so as to render incapable of action, service or resistance. A fleet is disabled by a storm, or by a battle. A ship is disabled by the loss of her masts or spars.

5. To destroy or impair and weaken the means which render any thing active, efficacious or useful; to destroy or diminish any competent means.

6. To deprive of legal qualifications, or competent power; to incapacitate; to render incapable.

An attainder of the ancestor corrupts the blood and disables his children to inherit.

Law.

Disabled

DISA'BLED, participle passive Deprived of competent power, corporeal or intellectual; rendered incapable; deprived of means.

Disablement

DISA'BLEMENT, noun Weakness; disability; legal impediment.

Bacon.

Disabling

DISA'BLING, participle of the present tense Rendering unable or incapable; depriving of adequate power or capacity, or of legal qualifications.

Disabuse

DISABU'SE, v. t. disabu'ze. [French desabuser. See Abuse.]

To free from mistake; to undeceive; to disengage from fallacy or deception; to set right. It is our duty to disabuse ourselves of false notions and prejudices.

If men are now sufficiently enlightened to disabuse themselves of artifice, hypocrisy and superstition, they will consider this event as an era in their history.

J. Adams.

Disabused

DISABU'SED, pp. disabu'zed. Undeceived.

Disabusing

DISABU'SING, ppr. disabu'zing. Undeceiving.

Disaccommodate

DISACCOM'MODATE, verb transitive [dis and accommodate.] To put to inconvenience.

Disaccommodation

DISACCOMMODA'TION, noun [dis and accommodation.]

A state of being unaccommodated; a state of being unprepared.

Hale.

Disaccord

DISACCORD', verb intransitive [dis and accord.] To refuse assent. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Disaccustom

DISACCUS'TOM, verb transitive [dis and accustom.]

To neglect familiar or customary practice; to destroy the force of habit by disuse.

Disaccustomed

DISACCUS'TOMED, participle passive Disused; having neglected practice or familiar use.

Tooke.

Disacknowledge

DISACKNOWL'EDGE, verb transitive [dis and acknowledge.] To deny; to disown.

South.

Disacknowledged

DISACKNOWL'EDGED, participle passive Denied; disowned.

Disacknowledging

DISACKNOWL'EDGING, participle of the present tense Denying; disowning.

Disacquaint

DISACQUA'INT, verb transitive [See Acquaint.] To dissolve acquaintance. [Little used.]

Disacquaintance

DISACQUA'INTANCE, noun Neglect or disuse of familiarity, or familiar knowledge of.

South.

Disadorn

DISADORN', verb transitive To deprive of ornaments.

Congreve.

Disadvance

DISADV'ANCE, verb transitive or i. To check; to halt. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Disadvantage

DISADV'ANTAGE, noun [Frenchdesavantage.] That which prevents success, or renders it difficult; a state not favorable to successful operation. The army commenced an attack on the enemy, notwithstanding the disadvantage of its position.

2. Any unfavorable state; a state in which some loss or injury may be sustained. Hence,

3. Loss; injury; prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit or other good; as, to sell goods to disadvantage.

Disadvantage

DISADV'ANTAGE, verb transitive To injure in interest; to prejudice.

Disadvantageable

DISADV'ANTAGEABLE, adjective Not advantageous. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Disadvantageous

DISADVANTA'GEOUS, adjective Unfavorable to success or prosperity; inconvenient; not adapted to promote interest, reputation or other good; as, the situation of an army is disadvantageous for attack or defense. We are apt to view characters in the most disadvantageous lights.

Disadvantageously

DISADVANTA'GEOUSLY, adverb In a manner not favorable to success, or to interest, profit or reputation; with loss or inconvenience.

Disadvantageousness

DISADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, noun Unfavorableness to success; inconvenience; loss.

Disadventure

DISADVENT'URE, noun Misfortune. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Disadventurous

DISADVENT'UROUS, adjective Unprosperous. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Disaffect

DISAFFECT', verb transitive [dis and affect.] To alienate affection; to make less friendly to; to make less faithful to a person, party or cause, or less zealous to support it; to make discontented or unfriendly; as, an attempt was made to disaffect the army.

2. To disdain, or dislike.

Hall.

3. To throw into disorder.

Hammond.

Disaffected

DISAFFECT'ED, participle passive or adjective Having the affections alienated; indisposed to favor or support; unfriendly; followed by with or to; as, these men are disaffected with the government, or disaffected to the king, or to the administration.

Disaffecctedly

DISAFFECCT'EDLY, adverb In a disaffected manner.

Disaffectedness

DISAFFECT'EDNESS, noun The quality of being disaffected.

Disaffecting

DISAFFECT'ING, participle of the present tense Alienating the affections; making less friendly.

Disaffection

DISAFFEC'TION, noun Alienation of affection, attachment or good will; want of affection; or more generally, positive enmity, dislike or unfriendliness; disloyalty. It generally signifies more than indifference; as the disaffection of people to their prince or government; the disaffection of allies; disaffection to religion.

2. Disorder; bad constitution; in a physical sense. [Little used.]

Wiseman.

Disaffectionate

DISAFFEC'TIONATE, adjective Not well disposed; not friendly.

Blount.

Disaffirm

DISAFFIRM', v. t. disafferm'. [dis and affirm.] To deny; to contradict.

Davies.

2. To overthrow or annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judgment of a superior tribunal.

Disaffirmance

DISAFFIRM'ANCE, noun Denial; negation; disproof; confutation.

Hale.

2. Overthrow or annulment, by the decision of a superior tribunal; as disaffirmance of judgment.

Disaffirmed

DISAFFIRM'ED, participle passive Denied; contradicted; overthrown.

Disaffirming

DISAFFIRM'ING, participle of the present tense Denying; contradicting; annulling.

Disafforest

DISAFFOR'EST, verb transitive [dis and afforest.] To reduce from the privileges of a forest to the state of common ground; to strip of forest laws and their oppressive privileges.

By Charter 9. Hen. III. many forests were disafforested.

Blackstone.

Disafforested

DISAFFOR'ESTED, participle passive Stripped of forest privileges.

Disafforesting

DISAFFOR'ESTING, participle of the present tense Depriving of forest privileges.

Disaggregate

DISAG'GREGATE, verb transitive [dis and aggregate.]

To separate an aggregate mass into its component parts.

Dispensatory.

Disaggregated

DISAG'GREGATED, participle passive Separated, as an aggregate mass.

Disaggregating

DISAG'GREGATING, participle of the present tense separating, as the parts of an aggregate body.

Disaggregation

DISAGGREGA'TION, noun The act or operation of separating an aggregate body into its component parts.

Disagree

DISAGREE', verb intransitive [dis and agree.] To differ; to be not accordant or coincident; to be not the same; to be not exactly similar. Two ideas disagree, when they are not the same, or when they are not exactly alike. The histories of the same fact often disagree.

2. To differ, as in opinion; as, the best judges sometimes disagree.

Who shall decide when doctors disagree?

Pope.

3. To be unsuitable. Medicine sometimes disagrees with the patient; food often disagrees with the stomach or the taste.

4. To differ; to be in opposition.

Men often reject the plainest sense of scripture, because it disagrees with their reason or preconceived opinions.

Anon.

It is usually followed by with. But we say, I disagree to your proposal. The use of from after disagree is not common.

Disagreeable

DISAGREE'ABLE, adjective Contrary; unsuitable; not conformable; not congruous.

[Little used.]

This conduct was disagreeable to her natural sincerity.

Broome.

2. Unpleasing; offensive to the mind, or to the senses; but expressing less than disgusting and odious. Behavior may be disagreeable to our minds; food may be disagreeable to the taste; many things are disagreeable to the sight; sounds may be disagreeable to the ear, and odors to the smell. Whatever is disagreeable gives some pain or uneasiness.

Disagreeableness

DISAGREE'ABLENESS, noun Unsuitableness; contrariety.

2. Unpleasantness; offensiveness to the mind, or to the senses; as the disagreeableness of another's manners; the disagreeableness of a taste, sound or smell.

Disagreeably

DISAGREE'ABLY, adverb Unsuitably; unpleasantly; offensively.

Disagreeing

DISAGREE'ING, participle of the present tense Differing; not according or coinciding.

Disagreement

DISAGREE'MENT, noun Difference, either in form or essence; dissimilitude; diversity; as the disagreement of two ideas, of two pictures, of two stories or narrations.

2. Difference of opinion or sentiments.

Hooker.

3. Unsuitableness.

Disalliege

DISALLIE'GE, verb transitive To alienate from allegiance. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Disallow

DISALLOW', verb transitive [dis and allow.] To refuse permission, or not to permit; not to grant; not to make or suppose lawful; not to authorize; to disapprove. God disallows that christians should conform to the immoral practices of the world. A good man disallows every kind of profaneness.

2. To testify dislike or disapprobation; to refuse assent.

But if her father shall disallow her in the day that he heareth, not any of her vows or her bondsÃ‚--shall stand. Numbers 30.

3. Not to approve; not to receive; to reject.

To whom coming, as to a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious. 1 Peter 2.

4. Not to allow or admit as just; to reject; as, to disallow an account or charge.

Disallowable

DISALLOW'ABLE, adjective Not allowable; not to be suffered.

Disallowance

DISALLOW'ANCE, noun Disapprobation; refusal to admit or permit; prohibition; rejection.

Disallowed

DISALLOW'ED, participle passive Not granted, permitted or admitted; disapproved; rejected.

Disallowing

DISALLOW'ING, participle of the present tense Not permitting; not admitting; disapproving; rejecting.

Disally

DISALLY', verb transitive [dis and ally.] To form an improper alliance.

Milton.

Disanchor

DISAN'CHOR, verb transitive [dis and anchor.] To force from its anchors, as a ship.

Disangelical

DISANGEL'ICAL, adjective Not angelical. [Not used.]

Coventry.

Disanimate

DISAN'IMATE, verb transitive [dis and animate.] To deprive of life. [Not used.]

2. To deprive of spirit or courage; to discourage; to dishearten; to deject.

Boyle.

Disanimated

DISAN'IMATED, participle passive Discouraged; dispirited.

Disanimating

DISAN'IMATING, participle of the present tense Discouraging; disheartening.

Disanimation

DISANIMA'TION, noun The act of discouraging; depression of spirits.

2. Privation of life. [Not used.]

Brown.

Disannul

DISANNUL', verb transitive [dis and annul. In this instance, the prefix dis is improperly used, and of no effect. But its use is well established.]

To annul; to make void; to deprive of authority or force; to nullify; to abolish; as, to disannul a law or an ordinance.

Wilt thou also disannul my judgment? Job 40. Galatians 3, 15.

Disannulled

DISANNUL'LED, participle passive Annulled; vacated; made void.

Disannulling

DISANNUL'LING, participle of the present tense Making void; depriving of authority or binding force.

Disannulment

DISANNUL'MENT, noun The act of making void; as the disannulment of a law or decree.

Disannul differs from repeal, as the genus from the species. A repeal makes a law void by the same power that enacted it. Annulment or disannulment destroys its force and authority by repeal or by other means.

Disanoint

DISANOINT', verb transitive To render consecration invalid.

Milton.

Disapparel

DISAPPAR'EL, verb transitive To disrobe; to strip of raiment.

Junius.

Disappear

DISAPPE'AR, verb intransitive [dis and appear.] To vanish from the sight; to recede from the view; to become invisible by vanishing or departing, or by being enveloped in any thing that conceals, or by the interposition of an object. Darkness disappears at the access of light, and light disappears at the approach of darkness. A ship disappears by departure to a distance; the sun disappears in a fog, or behind a cloud, or in setting.

2. To cease; as, the epidemic has disappeared.

3. To withdraw from observation. The debtor disappears when he absconds.

Disappearance

DISAPPE'ARANCE, noun Cessation of appearance; a removal from sight.

Disappearing

DISAPPE'ARING, participle of the present tense Vanishing; receding from the sight; becoming invisible.

Disappearing

DISAPPE'ARING, noun A vanishing or removal from sight.

Disappoint

DISAPPOINT', verb transitive [dis and appoint; properly, to unfix or unsettle.]

1. To defeat of expectation, wish, hope, desire or intention; to frustrate; to balk; to hinder from the possession or enjoyment of that which was intended, desired, hoped or expected. We say, a man is disappointed of his hopes or expectations, or his hopes, desires, intentions or expectations are disappointed. A bad season disappoints the farmer of his crops; a defeat disappoints an enemy of his spoil. The man promised me a visit, but he disappointed me.

Without counsel purposes are disappointed. Proverbs 15.

2. To frustrate; to prevent an effect intended.

The retiring foe

Shrinks from the wound, and disappoints the blow.

Addison.

Disappointed

DISAPPOINT'ED, participle passive Defeated of expectation, hope, desire or design; frustrated.

Disappointing

DISAPPOINT'ING, participle of the present tense Defeating of expectation, hope, desire or purpose; frustrating.

Disappointment

DISAPPOINT'MENT, noun Defeat or failure of expectation, hope, wish, desire or intention; miscarriage of design or plan.

We are apt to complain of the disappointment of our hopes and schemes, but disappointments often prove blessings and save us from calamity or ruin.

Anon.

Disappreciate

DISAPPRE'CIATE, verb transitive [dis and appreciate.] To undervalue; not to esteem.

Disapprobation

DISAPPROBA'TION, noun [dis and approbation.] A disapproving; dislike; the act of the mind which condemns what is supposed to be wrong, whether the act is expressed or not. We often disapprove, when we do not express disapprobation.

Disapprobatory

DISAP'PROBATORY, adjective Containing disapprobation; tending to disapprove.

Disappropriate

DISAPPRO'PRIATE, adjective [dis and appropriate.] Not appropriated, or not having appropriated church property; a disappropriate church is one from which the appropriated parsonage, glebe and tithes are servered.

The appropriation may be severed and the church become disappropriate, two ways.

Blackstone.

Disappropriate

DISAPPRO'PRIATE, verb transitive To sever or separate, as an appropriation; to withdraw from an appropriate use.

The appropriations of the several parsonages would have been, by the rules of the common law, disappropriated.

Blackstone.

2. To deprive of appropriated property, as a church.

DisapprÃ¶Val

DISAPPRÃƒ-–VAL, noun Disapprobation; dislike.

DisapprÃ¶Ve

DISAPPRÃƒ-–VE, verb transitive [French disapprouver; dis and approve.]

1. To dislike; to condemn in opinion or judgment; to censure as wrong. We often disapprove the conduct of others, or public measures, whether we express an opinion or not. It is often followed by of; as, to disapprove of behavior. But modern usage inclines to omit of.

2. To manifest dislike or disapprobation; to reject, as disliked, what is proposed for sanction.

The sentence of the court-martial was disapproved by the commander in chief.

DisapprÃ¶Ved

DISAPPRÃƒ-–VED, participle passive Disliked; condemned; rejected.

DisapprÃ¶Ving

DISAPPRÃƒ-–VING, participle of the present tense Disliking; condemning; rejecting from dislike.

Disard

DIS'ARD, noun [Saxon dysig, foolish.] A prattler; a boasting talker. Obs.

Disarm

DIS`ARM, v. t. s as z. [French desarmer; Spanish Portugese desarmar; dis and arm.]

1. To deprive of arms; to take the arms or weapons from, usually by force or authority; as, he disarmed his foes; the prince gave orders to disarm his subjects. With of before the thing taken away; as, to disarm one of his weapons.

2. To deprive of means of attack or defense; as, to disarm a venomous serpent.

3. To deprive of force, strength, or means of annoyance; to render harmless; to quell; as, to disarm rage or passion.

4. To strip; to divest of any thing injurious or threatening; as, piety disarms death of its terrors.

Disarmed

DIS'ARMED, participle passive Deprived of arms; stripped of the means of defense or annoyance; rendered harmless; subdued.

Disarming

DIS`ARMING, participle of the present tense Stripping of arms or weapons; subduing; rendering harmless.

Disarrange

DISARRANGE, verb transitive [dis and arrange.] To put out of order; to unsettle or disturb the order or due arrangement of parts. [See Derange, which is more generally used.]

Warton.

Disarrangement

DISARRANGEMENT, noun The act of disturbing order or method; disorder.

Baxter.

Disarray

DISARRA'Y, verb transitive [dis and array.] To undress; to divest of clothes.

Spenser.

2. To throw into disorder; to rout, as troops.

Milton.

Disarray

DISARRA'Y, noun Disorder; confusion; loss or want of array or regular order.

Dryden.

2. Undress.

Spenser.

Disarrayed

DISARRA'YED, participle passive Divested of clothes or array; disordered.

Disarraying

DISARRA'YING, participle of the present tense Divesting of clothes; throwing into disorder.

Disassiduity

DISASSIDU'ITY, noun Want of assiduity or care. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Disassociate

DISASSO'CIATE, verb transitive To disunite; to disconnect things associated.

Disaster

DIS`ASTER, n. diz`aster. [French desastre; Spanish Portugese id.; Italian disastro; dis and astre, Greek, a star; a word of astrological origin.]

1. A blast or stroke of an unfavorable planet. obsolete

Shak.

2. Misfortune; mishap; calamity; any unfortunate event, especially a sudden misfortune; as, we met with many disasters on the road.

Disaster

DIS`ASTER, verb transitive To blast by the stroke of an unlucky planet; also, to injure; to afflict.

Shak. Thomson.

Disastered

DIS`ASTERED, participle passive Blasted; injured; afflicted.

Disastrous

DIS`ASTROUS, adjective Unlucky; unfortunate; calamitous; occasioning loss or injury; as, the day was disastrous; the battle proved disastrous; their fate was disastrous.

Fly the pursuit of my disastrous love.

Dryden.

2. Gloomy; dismal; threatening disaster.

The moon,

In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds.

Milton.

Disastrously

DIS`ASTROUSLY, adverb Unfortunately; in a dismal manner.

Disastrousness

DIS`ASTROUSNESS, noun Unfortunateness; calamitousness.

Disauthorize

DISAU'THORIZE, verb transitive [dis and authorize.] To deprive of credit or authority. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Disavouch

DISAVOUCH', verb transitive [dis and avouch. See Vow.] To retract profession; to deny; to disown. [Little used.]

Davies.

Disavow

DISAVOW', verb transitive [dis and avow. See Vow.] To deny; to disown; to deny to be true, as a fact or charge respecting one's self; as, he was charged with embezzlement, but he disavows the fact. A man may disavow his name or signature; he may disavow a knowledge of a fact, or his concern in a transaction. Opposed to own or acknowledge.

2. To deny; to disown; to reject.

3. To dissent from; not to admit as true or justifiable; not to vindicate.

The Envoy disavowed some parts of the President's proclamation.

Disavowal

DISAVOW'AL, noun Denial; a disowning.

A disavowal of fear often proceeds from fear.

Clarissa.

2. Rejection; a declining to vindicate.

Disavowed

DISAVOW'ED, participle passive Denied; disowned.

Disavowing

DISAVOW'ING, participle of the present tense Denying; disowning; rejecting as something not to be maintained or vindicated.

Disavowment

DISAVOW'MENT, noun Denial; a disowning.

Wotton.

Disband

DISBAND', verb transitive [dis and band; French debander.] To dismiss from military service; to break up a band, or body of men enlisted; as, to disband an army or a regiment; to disband troops.

2. To scatter; to disperse.

Woodward.

Disband

DISBAND', verb intransitive To retire from military service; to separate; to break up; as, the army, at the close of the war, disbands.

2. To separate; to dissolve connection.

Human society may disband. [Improper.]

Tillotson.

3. To be dissolved. [Not used.]

When both rocks and all things shall disband.

Herbert.

Disbanded

DISBAND'ED, participle passive Dismissed from military service; separated.

Disbanding

DISBAND'ING, participle of the present tense Dismissing from military service; separating; dissolving connection.

Disbark

DISB`ARK, verb transitive [French debarquer, or dis and bark; a word not well formed, and little used. We now use debark and disembark.] To land from a ship; to put on shore.

Pope.

Disbelief

DISBELIE'F, noun [dis and belief.] Refusal of credit or faith; denial of belief.

Our belief or disbelief of a thing does not alter the nature of the thing.

Tillotson.

Disbelieve

DISBELIE'VE, verb transitive [dis and believe.] Not to believe; to hold not to be true or not to exist; to refuse to credit. Some men disbelieve the inspiration of the scriptures, and the immortality of the soul.

Disbelieved

DISBELIE'VED, participle passive Not believed; discredited.

Disbeliever

DISBELIE'VER, noun One who refuses belief; one who denies to be true or real.

Watts.

Disbelieving

DISBELIE'VING, participle of the present tense Withholding belief; discrediting.

Disbench

DISBENCH', verb transitive [dis and bench.] To drive from a bench or seat.

Shak.

Disblame

DISBLA'ME, verb transitive To clear from blame. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Disbodied

DISBOD'IED, adjective Disembodied, which is the word now used.

Disbowel

DISBOW'EL, verb transitive [dis and bowel.] To take out the intestines.

Spenser.

Disbranch

DISBR`ANCH, verb transitive [dis and branch.] To cut off or separate, as the branch of a tree. [Little used.]

2. To deprive of branches. [Little used.]

Evelyn.

Disbud

DISBUD', verb transitive To deprive of buds or shoots.

Gardeners.

Disburden

DISBURD'EN, verb transitive [dis and burden. See burden.] To remove a burden from; to unload; to discharge.

Milton.

2. To throw off a burden; to disencumber; to clear of any thing weighty, troublesome or cumbersome; as, to disburden one's self of grief or care; to disburden of superfluous ornaments.

Disburden

DISBURD'EN, verb intransitive To ease the mind; to be relieved.

Milton.

Disburdened

DISBURD'ENED, participle passive Eased of a burden; unloaded; disencumbered.

Disburdening

DISBURD'ENING, participle of the present tense Unloading; discharging; throwing off a burden; disencumbering.

Disburse

DISBURSE, v. t. disburs'. [French debourser; de or dis and bourse, a purse.]

To pay out, as money; to spend or lay out; primarily, to pay money from a public chest or treasury, but applicable to a private purse.

Disbursed

DISBURS'ED, participle passive Paid out; expended.

Disbursement

DISBURSEMENT, n. disburs'ment. [French deboursement.]

1. The act of paying out, as money from a public or private chest.

2. The money or sum paid out; as, the annual disbursements exceed the income.

Disburser

DISBURS'ER, noun One who pays out or disburses money.

Disbursing

DISBURS'ING, participle of the present tense Paying out, or expending.

Disc

DISC, noun [Latin discus. See Disk.] The face or breadth of the sun or moon; also, the width of the aperture of a telescope glass.

Discalceate

DISCAL'CEATE, verb transitive [Latin discalceatus; dis and calceus, a shoe.] To pull off the shoes or sandals.

Discalceated

DISCAL'CEATED, participle passive Stripped of shoes.

Discalceation

DISCALCEA'TION, noun The act of pulling off the shoes or sandals.

Brown.

Discandy

DISCAN'DY, verb intransitive [dis and candy.] To melt; to dissolve.

Shak.

Discard

DISC'ARD, verb transitive [Spanish descartar; Portugese id.; dis and card.]

1. To throw out of the hand such cards as are useless.

2. To dismiss from service or employment, or from society; to cast off; as, to discard spies and informers; to discard an old servant; to discard an associate.

3. To thrust away; to reject; as, to discard prejudices.

Discarded

DISC'ARDED, participle passive Thrown out; dismissed from service; rejected.

Discarding

DISC`ARDING, participle of the present tense Throwing out; dismissing from employment; rejecting.

Discarnate

DISC`ARNATE, adjective [dis and Latin caro, flesh.] Stripped of flesh.

Glanville.

Discase

DISCA'SE, verb transitive [dis and case.] To take off a covering from; to strip; to undress.

Shak.

Disceptator

DISCEPTA'TOR, noun [Latin] One who arbitrates or decides. [Not used.]

Discern

DISCERN', v. t. s as z. [Latin discerno; dis and cerno, to separate or distinguish, Greek; Italian discernere; Spanish discernir; French discerner; screen. The sense is to separate.]

1. To separate by the eye, or by the understanding. Hence,

2. To distinguish; to see the difference between two or more things; to discriminate; as, to discern the blossom-buds from the leaf-buds of plants.

Boyle.

Discern thou what is thineÃ‚-- Genesis 31.

3. To make the difference. Obs.

For nothing else discerns the virtue or the vice.

B. Jonson.

4. To discover; to see; to distinguish by the eye.

I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding. Proverbs 7.

5. To discover by the intellect; to distinguish; hence, to have knowledge of; to judge.

So is my lord the king to discern good and bad. 2 Samuel 14.

A wise man's heart discerneth time and judgment. Ecclesiastes 8.

Discern

DISCERN', verb intransitive To see or understand the difference; to make distinction; as, to discern between good and evil, truth and falsehood.

2. To have judicial cognizance. Obs.

Bacon.

Discerned

DISCERN'ED, participle passive Distinguished; seen; discovered.

Discerner

DISCERN'ER, noun One who sees, discovers or distinguishes; an observer.

2. One who knows and judges; one who has the power of distinguishing.

He was a great observer and discerner of men's natures and humors.

Clarendon.

3. That which distinguishes; or that which causes to understand.

The word of God is quick and powerfulÃ‚--a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. Hebrews 4.

Discernible

DISCERN'IBLE, adjective That may be seen distinctly; discoverable by the eye or the understanding; distinguishable. A star is discernible by the eye; the identity or difference of ideas is discernible by the understanding.

Discernibleness

DISCERN'IBLENESS, noun Visibleness.

Discernibly

DISCERN'IBLY, adverb In a manner to be discerned, seen or discovered; visibly.

Hammond.

Discerning

DISCERN'ING, participle of the present tense Distinguishing; seeing; discovering; knowing; judging.

2. adjective Having power to discern; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing and judging; sharp-sighted; penetrating; acute; as a discerning man or mind.

Discerning

DISCERN'ING, noun The act of discerning; discernment.

Spectator.

Discerningly

DISCERN'INGLY, adverb With discernment; acutely; with judgment; skilfully.

Garth.

Discernment

DISCERN'MENT, noun The act of discerning; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it distinguishes one thing from another, as truth from falsehood, virtue from vice; acuteness of judgment; power of perceiving differences of things or ideas, and their relations and tendencies. The errors of youth often proceed from the want of discernment.

Discerp

DISCERP', verb transitive [Latin discerpo.] To tear in pieces; to separate. [Not used.]

Discerpibility

DISCERPIBIL'ITY, noun Capability or liableness to be torn asunder or disunited.

Discerpible

DISCERP'IBLE, adjective [Latin discerpo; dis and carpo, to seize, to tear. In some dictionaries it is written discerptible, on the authority of Glanville and More; an error indeed, but of little consequence, as the word is rarely or never used.]

That may be torn asunder; separable; capable of being disunited by violence.

Discerption

DISCERP'TION, noun The act of pulling to pieces, or of separating the parts.

Discession

DISCES'SION, noun [Latin discessio.] Departure. [Not used.]

Hall.

Discharge

DISCH`ARGE, verb transitive [French decharger; Spanish descargar; Italian scaricare; dis and charge or cargo, from car, a cart or vehicle.]

1. To unload, as a ship; to take out, as a cargo; applied both to the ship and the loading. We say, to discharge a ship; but more generally, to discharge a cargo or the lading of the ship.

2. To free from any load or burden; to throw off or exonerate; as, discharged of business.

Dryden.

3. To throw off a load or charge; to let fly; to shoot; applied to fire-arms; as, to discharge a pistol or a cannon; or to discharge a ball or grape-shot.

4. To pay; as, to discharge a debt, a bond, a note.

5. To send away, as a creditor by payment of what is due to him. He discharged his creditors.

6. To free from claim or demand; to give an acquittance to, or a receipt in full, as to a debtor. The creditor discharged his debtor.

7. To free from an obligation; as, to discharge a man from further duty or service; to discharge a surety.

8. To clear from an accusation or crime; to acquit; to absolve; to set free; with of; as, to discharge a man of all blame.

Hooker.

9. To throw off or out; to let fly; to give vent to; as, to discharge a horrible oath; to discharge fury or vengeance.

Shak. Pope.

10. To perform or execute, as a duty or office considered as a charge. One man discharges the office of a sheriff; another that of a priest. We are all bound to discharge the duties of piety, of benevolence and charity.

11. To divest of an office or employment; to dismiss from service; as, to discharge a steward or a servant; to discharge a soldier or seaman; to discharge a jury.

12. To dismiss; to release; to send away from any business or appointment.

Discharge your powers to their several counties.

Shak.

13. To emit or send out; as, an ulcer discharges pus; a pipe discharges water.

14. To release; to liberate from confinement; as, to discharge a prisoner.

15. To put away; to remove; to clear from; to destroy. In general, to throw off any load or incumbrance; to free or clear.

Discharge

DISCH`ARGE, verb intransitive To break up.

The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not discharge.

Bacon.

Discharge

DISCH`ARGE, noun An unloading, as of a ship; as the discharge of a cargo.

2. A throwing out; vent; emission: applied to a fluid, a flowing or issuing out, or a throwing out; as the discharge of water from a spring, or from a spout: applied to fire-arms, an explosion; as a discharge of cannon.

3. That which is thrown out; matter emitted; as a thin serous discharge; a purulent discharge.

4. Dismission from office or service; or the writing which evidences the dismission. The general, the soldier, obtains a discharge.

5. Release from obligation, debt or penalty; or the writing which is evidence of it; an acquittance; as, the debtor has a discharge.

6. Absolution from a crime or accusation; acquittance.

South.

7. Ransom; liberation; price paid for deliverance.

Milton.

8. Performance; execution; applied to an office, trust or duty. A good man is faithful in the discharge of his duties, public and private.

9. Liberation; release from imprisonment or other confinement.

10. Exemption; escape.

There is no discharge in that war. Ecclesiastes 8.

11. Payment, as of a debt.

Discharged

DISCH`ARGED, participle passive Unloaded; let off; shot; thrown out; dismissed from service; paid; released; acquitted; freed from debt or penalty; liberated; performed; executed.

Discharger

DISCH`ARGER, noun He that discharges in any manner.

2. One who fires a gun.

3. In electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c., by opening a communication between the two surfaces.

Cyc.

Discharging

DISCH`ARGING, participle of the present tense Unlading; letting fly; shooting; throwing out; emitting; dismissing from service; paying; releasing from debt, obligation or claim; acquitting; liberating; performing; executing.

Dischurch

DISCHURCH', verb transitive To deprive of the rank of a church.

Hall.

Discide

DISCI'DE, verb transitive To divide; to cut in pieces. [Not used.]

Discinct

DISCINCT', adjective Ungirded.

Discind

DISCIND', verb transitive To cut in two. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Disciple

DISCI'PLE, noun [Latin discipulus, from disco, to learn.]

1. A learner; a scholar; one who receives or professes to receive instruction from another; as the disciples of Plato.

2. A follower; an adherent to the doctrines of another. Hence the constant attendants of Christ were called his disciples; and hence all christians are called his disciples, as they profess to learn and receive his doctrines and precepts.

Disciple

DISCI'PLE, verb transitive To teach; to train, or bring up.

Shak.

2. To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles.

This authority he employed in sending missionaries to disciple all nations.

E. Dutch Griffin.

3. To punish; to discipline. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Discipled

DISCI'PLED, participle passive Taught; trained; brought up; made a disciple.

Disciple-Like

DISCI'PLE-LIKE, adjective Becoming a disciple.

Milton.

Discipleship

DISCI'PLESHIP, noun The state of a disciple or follower in doctrines and precepts.

Hammond.

Disciplinable

DISCIPLINABLE, adjective [See. Discipline.]

1. Capable of instruction, and improvement in learning.

2. That may be subjected to discipline; as a disciplinable offense, in church government.

3. Subject or liable to discipline, as the member of a church.

Disciplinableness

DISCIPLINABLENESS, noun Capacity of receiving instruction by education.

Hale.

2. The state of being subject to discipline.

Disciplinant

DIS'CIPLINANT, noun One of a religious order, so called from their practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid discipline.

Smollett.

Disciplinarian

DISCIPLINA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to discipline.

Glanville.

Disciplinarian

DISCIPLINA'RIAN, noun One who disciplines; one versed in rules, principles and practice, and who teaches them with precision; particularly, one who instructs in military and naval tactics and maneuvers. It is chiefly used in the latter sense, and especially for one who is well versed in, or teaches with exactness, military exercises and evolutions.

2. A puritan or presbyterian; so called from his rigid adherence to religious discipline. [I believe not now used.]

Sanderson.

Disciplinary

DIS'CIPLINARY, adjective Pertaining to discipline; intended for discipline or government; promoting discipline; as, certain canons of the church are disciplinary.

2. Relating to a regular course of education; intended for instruction.

Milton.

The evils of life, pain, sickness, losses, sorrows, dangers and disappointments, are disciplinary and remedial.

Buckminster.

Discipline

DIS'CIPLINE, noun [Latin disciplina, from disco, to learn.]

1. Education; instruction; cultivation and improvement, comprehending instruction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and manners, and due subordination to authority.

2. Instruction and government, comprehending the communication of knowledge and the regulation of practice; as military discipline, which includes instruction in manual exercise, evolutions and subordination.

3. Rule of government; method of regulating principles and practice; as the discipline prescribed for the church.

4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or regulations; as, the troops are under excellent discipline; the passions should be kept under strict discipline.

5. Correction; chastisement; punishment intended to correct crimes or errors; as the discipline of the strap.

Addison.

6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is governed, and infliction of the penalties enjoined against offenders, who profess the religion of Jesus Christ.

Encyc.

7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflicted on a delinquent in the Romish Church; or that chastisement or external mortification which a religious person inflicts on himself.

Taylor. Encyc.

Discipline

DIS'CIPLINE, verb transitive To instruct or educate; to inform the mind; to prepare by instructing in correct principles and habits; as, to discipline youth for a profession, or for future usefulness.

2. To instruct and govern; to teach rules and practice, and accustom to order and subordination; as, to discipline troops or an army.

3. To correct; to chastise; to punish.

4. To execute the laws of the church on offenders, with a view to bring them to repentance and reformation of life.

5. To advance and prepare by instruction.

Milton.

Disciplined

DIS'CIPLINED, participle passive Instructed; educated; subjected to rules and regulations; corrected; chastised; punished; admonished.

Disciplining

DIS'CIPLINING, participle of the present tense Instructing; educating; subjecting to order and subordination; correcting; chastising; admonishing; punishing.

Disclaim

DISCLA'IM, verb transitive [dis and claim.] To disown; to disavow; to deny the possession of; to reject as not belonging to one's self. A man disclaims all knowledge of a particular transaction; he disclaims every pretension to eloquence; he disclaims any right to interfere in the affairs of his neighbor; he disclaims all pretentions to military skill. It is opposed to claim or challenge.

2. To renounce; to reject; as, to disclaim the authority of the pope.

3. To deny all claim. A tenant may disclaim to hold of his lord.

Law.

Disclaim

DISCLA'IM, verb intransitive To disavow all part or share. [Unusual.]

Nature disclaims in thee.

Shak.

Disclaimation

DISCLAIMA'TION, noun The act of disclaiming; a disavowing. [Not used.]

Scott.

Disclaimed

DISCLA'IMED, participle passive Disowned; disavowed; rejected; denied.

Discclaimer

DISCCLA'IMER, noun A person who disclaims, disowns or renounces.

2. In law, an express or implied denial by a tenant that he holds an estate of his lord; a denial of tenure, by plea or otherwise.

Blackstone.

Disclaiming

DISCLA'IMING, participle of the present tense Disowning; disavowing; denying; renouncing.

Disclose

DISCLO'SE, verb transitive disclo'ze.[dis and close; French declorre, declos; Latin discludo. See Close.]

1. To uncover; to open; to remove a cover from, and lay open to the view.

The shells being broken, the stone included in them is disclosed.

Woodward.

2. To discover; to lay open to the view; to bring to light. Events have disclosed the designs of the ministry.

3. To reveal by words; to tell; to utter; as, to disclose the secret thoughts of the heart.

4. To make known; to show in any manner. A blush may disclose a secret passion in the breast.

5. To open; to hatch. [Not used.]

The ostrich layeth her eggs under sand, where the heat of the sun discloseth them.

Bacon.

Disclose

DISCLO'SE, noun Discovery.

Young.

Disclosed

DISCLO'SED, participle passive Uncovered; opened to view; made known; revealed; told; uttered.

Discloser

DISCLO'SER, noun One who discloses or reveals.

Disclosing

DISCLO'SING, participle of the present tense Uncovering; opening to view; revealing; making known; telling.

Disclosure

DISCLO'SURE, noun disclo'zhur. The act of disclosing; an uncovering and opening to view; discovery.

Bacon.

2. The act of revealing; utterance of what was secret; a telling.

3. The act of making known what was concealed.

4. That which is disclosed or made known.

Disclusion

DISCLU'SION, noun disclu'zhun. [Latin disclusus, discludo; dis and claudo.]

An emission; a throwing out. [Little used.]

More.

Discoast

DISCOAST, verb intransitive To depart from; to quit the coast. [Not used.]

Discoherent

DISCOHE'RENT, adjective Incoherent. The latter is generally used.

Discoid

DIS'COID, noun [discus and.] Something in form of a discus or disk.

Discoid

DIS'COID, or DISCOID'AL, adjective Having the form of a disk.

Discoid or discous flowers, are compound flowers, not radiated, but the florets all tubular, as the tansy, southern-wood, &c.

Cyc Smith.

Discolor

DISCOL'OR, verb transitive [Latin discoloro; dis and coloro, from color.]

1. To alter the natural hue or color of; to stain; to tinge. A drop of wine will discolor a glass of water; silver is discolored by sea-water.

2. To change any color, natural or artificial; to alter a color partially. It differs from color and dye, in denoting a partial alteration, rather than an entire change of color.

3. Figuratively, to alter the complexion; to change the appearance; as, to discolor ideas.

Watts.

Discoloration

DISCOLORA'TION, noun The act of altering the color; a staining.

2. Alteration of color; stain; as spots and discolorations of the skin.

3. Alteration of complexion or appearance.

Discolored

DISCOL'ORED, participle passive Altered in color; stained.

2. adjective Variegated; being of divers colors.

Spenser.

Discoloring

DISCOL'ORING, participle of the present tense Altering the color or hue; staining; changing the complexion.

Discomfit

DISCOM'FIT, verb transitive [French deconfire, deconfit; Italiansconfiggere, sconfitta; from dis and the Latinconfigo, to fasten, to nail; con and figo, to fix.]

To rout; to defeat; to scatter in fight; to cause to flee; to vanquish.

Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword. Exodus 17.

He, fugitive, declined superior strength, Discomfited, pursued.

Philips.

Discomfit

DISCOM'FIT, noun Rout; dispersion; defeat; overthrow.

Discomfited

DISCOM'FITED, participle passive Routed; defeated; overthrown.

Discomfiting

DISCOM'FITING, participle of the present tense Routing; defeating.

Discomfiture

DISCOM'FITURE, noun Rout; defeat in battle; dispersion; overthrow.

Every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture. 1 Samuel 14.

2. Defeat; frustration; disappointment.

Discomfort

DISCOM'FORT, noun [dis and comfort.] Uneasiness; disturbance of peace; pain; grief; inquietude.

Shak. South.

Discomfort

DISCOM'FORT, verb transitive To disturb peace or happiness; to make uneasy; to pain; to grieve; to sadden; to deject.

Sidney.

Discomfortable

DISCOM'FORTABLE, adjective Causing uneasiness; unpleasant; giving pain; making sad. [Little used.]

Sidney.

2. Uneasy; melancholy; refusing comfort. [Not used.]

Shak.

[Instead of this word, uncomfortable is used.]

Discomforted

DISCOM'FORTED, participle passive Made uneasy; disturbed; pained; grieved.

Discomforting

DISCOM'FORTING, participle of the present tense Disturbing peace and happiness; making uneasy; grieving.

Discommend

DISCOMMEND', verb transitive [dis and commend.]

To blame; to censure; to mention with disapprobation.

I do not discommend the lofty style in tragedy.

Dryden.

Discommendable

DISCOMMEND'ABLE, adjective Blamable; censurable; deserving disapprobation.

Ayliffe.

Discommendableness

DISCOMMEND'ABLENESS, noun Blamableness; the quality of being worthy of disapprobation.

Discommendation

DISCOMMENDA'TION, noun Blame; censure; reproach.

Ayliffe.

Discommender

DISCOMMEND'ER, noun One who discomends; a dispraiser.

Johnson.

Discommending

DISCOMMEND'ING, participle of the present tense Blaming; censuring.

Discommode

DISCOMMO'DE, verb transitive [dis and commode, French]

To put to inconvenience; to incommode; to molest; to trouble. [Discommodate is not used.]

Discommoded

DISCOMMO'DED, participle passive Put to inconvenience; molested; incommoded.

Discommoding

DISCOMMO'DING, participle of the present tense Putting to inconvenience; giving trouble to.

Discommodious

DISCOMMO'DIOUS, adjective Inconvenient; troublesome.

Spenser.

Discommodity

DISCOMMOD'ITY, noun Inconvenience; trouble; hurt; disadvantage.

Bacon.

Discommon

DISCOM'MON, verb transitive [dis and common.] To appropriate common land; to separate and inclose common.

Cowel.

2. To deprive of the privileges of a place.

Warton.

Discomplexion

DISCOMPLEX'ION, verb transitive To change the complexion or color. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Discompose

DISCOMPO'SE, verb transitive discompo'ze. [dis and compose.]

1. To unsettle; to disorder; to disturb; applied to things.

2. To disturb peace and quietness; to agitate; to ruffle; applied to the temper or mind; expressing less agitation than fret and vex, or expressing vexation with decorum.

Swift.

3. To displace; to discard. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Discomposed

DISCOMPO'SED, participle passive Unsettled; disordered; ruffled; agitated; disturbed.

Discomposing

DISCOMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Unsettling; putting out of order; ruffling; agitating; disturbing tranquility.

Discomposition

DISCOMPOSI'TION, noun Inconsistency. [Not used.]

Discomposure

DISCOMPO'SURE, noun discompo'zhur. Disorder; agitation; disturbance; perturbation; as discomposure of mind.

Clarendon.

Disconcert

DISCONCERT', verb transitive [dis and concert.] To break or interrupt any order, plan or harmonious scheme; to defeat; to frustrate. The emperor disconcerted the plans of his enemy. Their schemes were disconcerted.

2. To unsettle the mind; to discompose; to disturb; to confuse. An unexpected question may disconcert the ablest advocate in his argument.

Disconcerted

DISCONCERT'ED, participle passive Broken; interrupted; disordered; defeated; unsettled; discomposed; confused.

Disconcerting

DISCONCERT'ING, participle of the present tense Disordering; defeating; discomposing; disturbing.

Disconcertion

DISCONCER'TION, noun The act of disconcerting.

Federalist, Hamilton.

Disconformity

DISCONFORM'ITY, noun [dis and conformity.] Want of agreement or conformity; inconsistency.

Hakewill.

Discongruity

DISCONGRU'ITY, noun [dis and congruity.] Want of congruity; incongruity; disagreement; inconsistency.

Hale.

Disconnect

DISCONNECT', verb transitive [dis and connect.] To separate; to disunite; to dissolve connection.

The commonwealth would, in a few generations, crumble away, be disconnected into the dust and powder of individualityÃ‚--

Burke.

This restriction disconnects bank paper and the precious metals.

Walsh.

Disconnected

DISCONNECT'ED, participle passive Separated; disunited. This word is not synonymous with unconnected, though often confounded with it. Disconnected implies a previous connection; unconnected does not necessarily imply any previous union.

Disconnecting

DISCONNECT'ING, participle of the present tense Separating; disuniting.

Disconnection

DISCONNEC'TION, noun The act of separating, or state of being disunited; separation; want of union.

Nothing was therefore to be left in all the subordinate members, but weakness, disconnection and confusion.

Burke.

Disconsent

DISCONSENT', verb transitive [dis and consent.] To differ; to disagree; not to consent.

Milton.

Disconsolate

DISCON'SOLATE, adjective [dis and Latinconsolatus. See Console.]

1. Destitute of comfort or consolation; sorrowful; hopeless or not expecting comfort; sad; dejected; melancholy; as a parent, bereaved of an only child and disconsolate.

2. Not affording comfort; cheerless; as the disconsolate darkness of a winter's night.

Ray.

Disconsolately

DISCON'SOLATELY, adverb In a disconsolate manner; without comfort.

Disconsolateness

DISCON'SOLATENESS, noun The state of being disconsolate or comfortless.

Disconsolation

DISCONSOLA'TION, noun Want of comfort.

Jackson.

Discontent

DISCONTENT', noun [dis and content.] Want of content; uneasiness or inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction at any present state of things.

Discontent

DISCONTENT', adjective Uneasy; dissatisfied.

Hayward.

Discontent

DISCONTENT', verb transitive To make uneasy at the present state; to dissatisfy.

Discontented

DISCONTENT'ED, participle passive or adjective Uneasy in mind; dissatisfied; unquiet; as, discontented citizens make bad subjects.

Discontentedly

DISCONTENT'EDLY, adverb In a discontented manner or mood.

Discontentedness

DISCONTENT'EDNESS, noun Uneasiness of mind; inquietude; dissatisfaction.

Addison.

Discontenting

DISCONTENT'ING, adjective Giving uneasiness.

Discontentment

DISCONTENT'MENT, noun The state of being uneasy in mind; uneasiness; inquietude; discontent.

Hooker. Bacon.

Discontinuance

DISCONTIN'UANCE, noun [See Discontinue.]

1. Want of continuance; cessation; intermission; interruption of continuance; as a discontinuance of conversation or intercourse.

Atterbury.

2. Want of continued connection or cohesion of parts; want of union; disruption.

Bacon.

3. In law, a breaking off or interruption of possession, as where a tenant in tail makes a feoffment in fee-simple, or for the life of the feoffee, or in tail, which he has not power to do; in this case, the entry of the feoffee is lawful, during the life of the feoffor; but if he retains possession after the death of the feoffor, it is an injury which is termed a discontinuance, the legal estate of the heir in tail being discontinued, till a recovery can be had in law.

Blackstone.

4. Discontinuance of a suit, is when a plaintiff leaves a chasm in the proceedings in his cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day to day; in which case the defendant is not bound to attend. Formerly the demise of the king caused a discontinuance of all suits; but this is remedied by statute 1. Ed. V1.

Blackstone.

Discontinuation

DISCONTINUA'TION, noun Breach or interruption of continuity; disruption of parts; separation of parts which form a connected series.

Newton.

Discontinue

DISCONTIN'UE, verb transitive [dis and continue.]

1. To leave off; to cause to cease, as a practice or habit; to stop; to put an end to; as, to discontinue the intemperate use of spirits. Inveterate customs are not discontinued without inconvenience.

The depredations on our commerce were not to be discontinued.

T. Pickering.

2. To break off; to interrupt.

3. To cease to take or receive; as, to discontinue a daily paper.

Discontinue

DISCONTIN'UE, verb intransitive To cease; to leave the possession, or lose an established or loug enjoyed right.

Thyself shalt discontinue from thine heritage. Jeremiah 17.

2. To lose the cohesion of parts; to suffer disruption or separation of substance. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Discontinued

DISCONTIN'UED, participle passive Left off; interrupted; broken off.

Discontinuer

DISCONTIN'UER, noun One who discontinues a rule or practice.

Discontinuing

DISCONTIN'UING, participle of the present tense Ceasing; interrupting; breaking off.

Discontinuity

DISCONTINU'ITY, noun Disunion of parts; want of cohesion.

Newton.

Discontinuous

DISCONTIN'UOUS, adjective Broken off; interrupted.

2. Separated; wide; gaping.

Milton.

Disconvenience

DISCONVE'NIENCE, noun [dis and convenience.] Incongruity; disagreement. [Little used.]

Bramhall.

Disconvenient

DISCONVE'NIENT, adjective Incongruous.

Reynolds.

Discord

DIS'CORD, noun [Latindiscordia; Frenchdiscorde; from Latindiscors; dis and cor.]

1. Disagreement among persons or things. Between persons, difference of opinions; variance; opposition; contention; strife; any disagreement which produces angry passions, contest, disputes, litigation or war. Discord may exist between families, parties and nations.

2. Disagreement; want of order; a clashing.

All discord, harmony not understood.

Pope.

3. In music, disagreement of sounds; dissonance; a union of sounds which is inharmonious, grating and disagreeable to the ear; or an interval whose extremes do not coalesce. Thus the second and the seventh, when sounded together, make a discord. The term discord is applied to each of the two sounds which form the dissonance, and to the interval; but more properly to the mixed sound of dissonant tones. It is opposed to concord and harmony.

Discord

DISCORD', verb intransitive To disagree; to jar; to clash; not to suit; not to be coincident. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Discordance

DISCORD'ANCE, or DISCORD'ANCY, noun [Latindiscordans.] Disagreement; opposition; inconsistency; as a discordance of opinions, or of sounds.

Discordant

DISCORD'ANT, adjective [Latindiscordans.] Disagreeing; incongruous; contradictory; being at variance; as discordance opinions; discordant rules or principles.

2. Opposite; contrarious; not coincident; as the discordant attractions of comets, or of different planets.

Cheyne.

3. Dissonant; not in unison; not harmonious; not accordant; harsh; jarring; as discordant notes or sounds.

Discordantly

DISCORD'ANTLY, adverb Dissonantly; in a discordant manner; inconsistently; in a manner to jar or clash; in disagreement with another, or with itself.

Discordful

DISCORD'FUL, adjective Quarrelsome, contentious.

Spenser.

Discounsel

DISCOUN'SEL, verb transitive To dissuade. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Discount

DIS'COUNT, noun [French deconte or decompte; de or dis and compte; Italian sconto; Spanishdes

cuento; Armoricdiscount or digont. See Count. Literally, a counting back or from.]

1. A sum deducted for prompt or advanced payment; an allowance or deduction from a sum due, or from a credit; a certain rate per cent deducted from the credit price of goods sold, on account of prompt payment; or any deduction from the customary price, or from a sum due or to be due at a future time. Thus the merchant who gives a credit of three months will deduct a certain rate per cent for payment in hand, and the holder of a note or bill of exchange will deduct a certain rate percent of the amount of the note or bill for advanced payment, which deduction is called a discount.

2. Among bankers, the deduction of a sum for advanced payment; particularly, the deduction of the interest on a sum lent, at the time of lending. The discounts at banking institutions are usually the amount of legal interest paid by the borrower, and deducted from the sum borrowed, at the commencement of the credit.

Hamilton's Report.

3. The sum deducted or refunded; as, the discount was five per cent.

4. The act of discounting. A note is lodged in the bank for discount. The banks have suspended discounts.

Discount

DIS'COUNT, verb transitive [Spanish descontar;Portugese id.; French decompter; Armoric discounta, digontein; Italian sconture. In British books, the accent is laid on the last syllable. But in America, the accent is usually or always on the first.]

1. To deduct a certain sum or rate per cent from the principal sum. Merchants discount five or six per cent, for prompt or for advanced payment.

2. To lend or advance the amount of, deducting the interest or other rate per cent from the principal, at the time of the loan or advance. The banks discount notes and bills of exchange, on good security.

The first ruleÃ‚--to discount only unexceptionable paper.

Walsh.

Discount

DIS'COUNT, verb intransitive To lend or make a practice of lending money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan. The banks discount for sixty or ninety days, sometimes for longer terms.

Discountable

DISCOUNT'ABLE, adjective That may be discounted. Certain forms are necessary to render notes discountable at a bank. A bill may be discountable for more than sixty days.

Discount-Day

DIS'COUNT-DAY, noun The day of the week on which a bank discounts notes and bills.

Discounted

DIS'COUNTED, participle passive Deducted from a principal sum; paid back; refunded or allowed; as, the sum of five per cent was discounted.

2. Having the amount lent on discount or deduction of a sum in advance; as, the bill was discounted for sixty days.

Discountenance

DISCOUN'TENANCE, verb transitive [dis and countenance.] To abash; to ruffle or discompose the countenance; to put to shame: to put out of countenance. [Not used.]

How would one look from his majestic brow Ã‚--

Discountenance her despised.

Milton.

2. To discourage; to check; to restrain by frowns, censure, arguments, opposition, or cold treatment. The good citizen will discountenance vice by every lawful means.

Discountenance

DISCOUN'TENANCE, noun Cold treatment; unfavorable aspect; unfriendly regard; disapprobation; whatever tends to check or discourage.

He thought a little discountenance on those persons would suppress that spirit.

Clarendon.

Discountenanced

DISCOUN'TENANCED, participle passive Abashed; discouraged; checked; frowned on.

Discountenancer

DISCOUN'TENANCER, noun One who discourages by cold treatment, frowns, censure or expression of disapprobation; one who checks or depresses by unfriendly regards.

Discountenancing

DISCOUN'TENANCING, participle of the present tense Abashing; discouraging; checking by disapprobation or unfriendly regards.

Discounter

DIS'COUNTER, noun One who advances money on discounts.

Burke.

Discounting

DIS'COUNTING, participle of the present tense Deducing a sum for prompt or advanced payment.

2. Lending on discount.

Discounting

DIS'COUNTING, noun The act or practice of lending money on discounts.

The profitable business of a bank consists in discounting.

Hamilton.

Discourage

DISCOUR'AGE, verb transitive discur'age. [dis and courage; Frenchdecourager; Armoricdigouragi; Italian scoraggiare. The Italian is from ex and coraggio. See Courage.]

1. To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits; to deject; to deprive of confidence.

Fathers, provoke not your children, lest they be discouraged. Colossians 3.

2. To deter from any thing; with from.

Why discourage ye the hearts of the children of Israel from going over into the land which the Lord hath given them? Numbers 32.

3. To attempt to repress or prevent; to dissuade from; as, to discourage an effort.

Discouraged

DIS'COUR'AGED, participle passive discur'aged. Disheartened; deprived of courage or confidence; depressed in spirits; dejected; checked.

Discouragement

DISCOUR'AGEMENT, noun discur'agement. The act of disheartening, or depriving of courage; the act of deterring or dissuading from an undertaking; the act of depressing confidence.

2. That which destroys or abates courage; that which depresses confidence or hope; that which deters or tends to deter from an undertaking, or from the prosecution of any thing. Evil examples are great discouragements to virtue. The revolution was commenced under every possible discouragement.

Discourager

DISCOUR'AGER, noun discur'ager. One who discourages; one who disheartens, or depresses the courage; one who impresses diffidence or fear of success; one who dissuades from an undertaking.

Discouraging

DIS'COUR'AGING, participle of the present tense discur'aging. Disheartening; depressing courage.

2. adjective Tending to dishearten, or to depress the courage; as discouraging prospects.

Discourse

DISCOURSE, noun discors. [French discours; Latindiscursus, from discurro, to ramble; dis and curro, to run; Italian discorso.]

1. The act of the understanding, by which it passes from premises to consequences; the act which connects propositions, and deduces conclusions from them.

Johnson. Glanville.

[This sense is now obsolete.]

2. Literally, a running over a subject in speech; hence, a communication of thoughts by words, either to individuals, to companies, or to public assemblies. Discourse to an individual or to a small company is called conversation or talk; mutual interchange of thoughts; mutual intercourse of language. It is applied to the familiar communication of thoughts by an individual, or to the mutual communication of two or more. We say, I was pleased with his discourse, and he heard our discourse.

The vanquished party with the victors joined, Nor wanted sweet discourse, the banquet of the mind.

Dryden.

3. Effusion of language; speech.

Locke.

4. A written treatise; a formal dissertation; as the discourse of Plutarch on garrulity; of Cicero on old age.

5. A sermon, uttered or written. We say, an extemporaneous discourse, or a written discourse.

Discourse

DISCOURSE, verb intransitive To talk; to converse; but it expresses rather more formality than talk. He discoursed with us an hour on the events of the war. We discoursed together on our mutual concerns.

2. To communicate thoughts or ideas in a formal manner; to treat upon in a solemn, set manner; as, to discourse on the properties of the circle; the preacher discoursed on the nature and effects of faith.

3. To reason; to pass from premises to consequences.

Davies.

Discourse

DISCOURSE, verb transitive To treat of; to talk over; to discuss. [Not used.]

Let us discourse our fortunes.

Shak.

Discourser

DISCOURSER, noun One who discourses; a speaker; a haranguer.

2. The writer of a treatise or dissertation.

Swift.

Discoursing

DISCOURSING, participle of the present tense Talking; conversing; preaching; discussing; treating at some length or in a formal manner.

Discoursive

DISCOURSIVE, adjective Reasoning; passing from premises to consequences.

Milton.

2. Containing dialogue or conversation; interlocutory.

The epic is interlaced with dialogue or discoursive scenes.

Dryden.

Discourteous

DISCOUR'TEOUS, a. discur'teous. [dis and courteous.] Uncivil; rude; uncomplaisant; wanting in good manners; as discourteous knight.

Discourteously

DISCOUR'TEOUSLY, adv. discur'teously. In a rude or uncivil manner; with incivility.

Discourtesy

DISCOUR'TESY, noun discur'tesy. [dis and courtesy.] Incivility; rudeness of behavior or language; ill manner; act of disrespect.

Be calm in arguing; for fierceness makes

Error a fault, and truth discourtesy.

Herbert.

Discourtship

DISCOURTSHIP, noun Want of respect. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Discous

DISC'OUS, adjective [from Latin discus.] Broad; flat; wide; used of the middle plain and flat part of some flowers.

Quincy.

Discover

DISCOV'ER, verb transitive [French decouvrir; de, for des or dis, and couvrir, to cover; Spanish descubrir;

Portugese descobrir; Italian scoprire. See Cover.]

1. Literally, to uncover; to remove a covering. Isaiah 22.

2. To lay open to the view; to disclose; to show; to make visible; to expose to view something before unseen or concealed.

Go, draw aside the curtains and discover

The several caskets to this noble prince.

Shak.

He discovereth deep things out of darkness. Job 12.

Law can discover sin, but not remove.

Milton.

3. To reveal; to make known.

We will discover ourselves to them. 1 Samuel 14.

Discover not a secret to another. Proverbs 25.

4. To espy; to have the first sight of; as, a man at mast-head discovered land.

When we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand. Acts 21.

5. To find out; to obtain the first knowledge of; to come to the knowledge of something sought or before unknown. Columbus discovered the variation of the magnetic needle. We often discover our mistakes, when too late to prevent their evil effects.

6. To detect; as, we discovered the artifice; the thief, finding himself discovered, attempted to escape.

Discover differs from invent. We discover what before existed, though to us unknown; we invent what did not before exist.

Discoverable

DISCOV'ERABLE adjective That may be discovered; that may be brought to light, or exposed to view.

2. That may be seen; as, many minute animals are discoverable only by the help of the microscope.

3. That may be found out, or made known; as, the scriptures reveal many things not discoverable by the light of reason.

4. Apparent; visible; exposed to view.

Nothing discoverable in the lunar surface is ever covered.

Bentley.

Discovered

DISCOV'ERED, participle passive Uncovered; disclosed to view; laid open; revealed; espied or first seen; found out; detected.

Discoverer

DISCOV'ERER, noun One who discovers; one who first sees or espies; one who finds out, or first comes to the knowledge of something.

2. A scout; an explorer.

Shak.

Discovering

DISCOV'ERING, participle of the present tense Uncovering; disclosing to view; laying open; revealing; making known; espying; finding out; detecting.

Discoverture

DISCOV'ERTURE, noun [French decouvert, uncovered.]

A state of being released from coverture; freedom of a woman from the coverture of a husband.

Discovery

DISCOV'ERY, noun The action of disclosing to view, or bringing to light; as, by the discovery of a plot, the public peace is preserved.

2. Disclosure; a making known; as, a bankrupt is bound to make a full discovery of his estate and effects.

3. The action of finding something hidden; as the discovery of lead or silver in the earth.

4. The act of finding out, or coming to the knowledge of; as the discovery of truth; the discovery of magnetism.

5. The act of espying; first sight of; as the discovery of America by Columbus, or of the Continent by Cabot.

6. That which is discovered, found out or revealed; that which is first brought to light, seen or known. The properties of the magnet were an important discovery. Redemption from sin was a discovery beyond the power of human philosophy.

7. In dramatic poetry, the unraveling of a plot, or the manner of unfolding the plot or fable of a comedy or tragedy.

Discredit

DISCRED'IT, noun [French discredit; Spanish descredito; Italian scredito. See the Verb.]

1. Want of credit or good reputation; some degree of disgrace or reproach; disesteem; applied to persons or things. Frauds in manufactures bring them into discredit.

It is the duty of every christian to be concerned for the reputation or discredit his life may bring on his profession.

Rogers.

2. Want of belief, trust or confidence; disbelief; as, later accounts have brought the story into discredit.

Discredit

DISCRED'IT, verb transitive [French decrediter; de, des, dis, and credit.]

1. To disbelieve; to give no credit to; not to credit or believe; as, the report is discredited.

2. To deprive of credit or good reputation; to make less reputable or honorable; to bring into disesteem; to bring into some degree of disgrace, or into disrepute.

He least discredits his travels, who returns the same man he went.

Wotton.

Our virtues will be often discredited with the appearance of evil.

Rogers.

3. To deprive of credibility.

Shak.

Discreditable

DISCRED'ITABLE, adjective Tending to injure credit; injurious to reputation; disgraceful; disreputable.

Blair.

Discredited

DISCRED'ITED, participle passive Disbelieved; brought into disrepute; disgraced.

Discrediting

DISCRED'ITING, participle of the present tense Disbelieving; not trusting to; depriving of credit; disgracing.

Discreet

DISCREE'T, adjective [French discret; Spanish discreto; Italian id; Latin discretus, the participle assigned to discerno, dis and cerno, but probably from the root of riddle, Welsh rhidyll, from rhidiaw, to secrete, as screen is from the root of secerno, or excerno, Greek, Latin cerno; Greek. Class Rd. It is sometimes written discrete; the distinction between discreet and discrete is arbitrary, but perhaps not entirely useless. The literal sense is, separate, reserved, wary, hence discerning.]

1. Prudent; wise in avoiding errors or evil, and in selecting the best means to accomplish a purpose; circumspect; cautious; wary; not rash.

It is the discreet man, not the witty, nor the learned, nor the brave, who guides the conversation, and gives measures to society.

Addison.

Let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise. Genesis 41.

Discreetly

DISCREE'TLY, adverb Prudently; circumspectly; cautiously; with nice judgment of what is best to be done or omitted.

Discreetness

DISCREE'TNESS, noun The quality of being discreet; discretion.

Discrepance

DISCREP'ANCE, or DISCREP'ANCY, noun [Latin discrepantia, discrepans, from discrepo,

crepo, to give a different sound, to vary, to jar; dis and crepo, to creak. See Crepitate.]

Difference; disagreement; contrariety; applicable to facts or opinions.

There is no real discrepancy between these two genealogies.

Faber.

Discrepant

DISCREP'ANT, adjective Different; disagreeing; contrary.

Discrete

DISCRE'TE, a, [Latin discretus. See Discreet.]

1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there is not the same proportion between all the numbers; as 3 : 6 :: 8 : 16, 3 bearing the same proportion to 6, as 8 does to 16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 to 8. It is thus opposed to continued or continual proportion, as 3 : 6 :: 12 : 24.

Harris

2. Disjunctive; as, I resign my life, but not my honor, is a discrete proposition.

Johnson.

Discrete

DISCRE'TE, verb transitive To separate; to discontinue. [Not used.]

Brown.

Discretion

DISCRE'TION, noun [French discretion; Italian discrezione; Spanish discrecion; from the Latin discretio, a separating; discretus, discerno. See Discreet.]

1. Prudence, or knowledge and prudence; that discernment which enables a person to judge critically of what is correct and proper, united with caution; nice discernment and judgment, directed by circumspection, and primarily regarding one's own conduct.

A good manÃ‚--will guide his affairs with discretion. Psalm 112.

My son, keep sound wisdom and discretion. Proverbs 3.

2. Liberty or power of acting without other control than one's own judgment; as, the management of affairs was left to the discretion of the prince; he is left to his own discretion. Hence,

To surrender at discretion, is to surrender without stipulation or terms, and commit one's self entirely to the power of the conqueror.

3. Disjunction; separation . [Not much used.]

Mede.

Discretionary

DISCRE'TIONARY, or DISCRE'TIONAL, adjective Left to discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judgment; that is to be directed or managed by discretion only. Thus, the President of the U. States is, in certain cases, invested with discretionary powers, to act according to circumstances.

Discretionarily

DISCRE'TIONARILY, or DISCRE'TIONALLY, adverb At discretion; according to discretion.

Discretive

DISCRE'TIVE, adjective [See Discreet and Discrete.] Disjunctive; noting separation or opposition. In logic, a discretive proposition expresses some distinction, opposition or variety, by means of but, though, yet, &c.; as, travelers change their climate, but not their temper; Job was patient, though his grief was great.

2. In grammar, discretive distinctions are such as imply opposition or difference; as, not a man, but a beast.

Johnson.

3. Separate; distinct.

Discretively

DISCRE'TIVELY, adverb In a discretive manner.

Discriminable

DISCRIM'INABLE, adjective That may be discriminated.

Discriminate

DISCRIM'INATE, verb intransitive [Latin discrimino, from discrimen, difference, distinction; dis and crimen, differently applied; coinciding with the sense of Greek, Latin cerno.]

1. To distinguish; to observe the difference between; as, we may usually discriminate true from false modesty.

2. To separate; to select from others; to make a distinction between; as, in the last judgment, the righteous will be discriminated from the wicked.

3. To mark with notes of difference; to distinguish by some note or mark. We discriminate animals by names, as nature has discriminated them by different shapes and habits.

Discriminate

DISCRIM'INATE, verb intransitive To make a difference or distinction; as, in the application of law, and the punishment of crimes, the judge should discriminate between degrees of guilt.

2. To observe or note a difference; to distinguish; as, in judging of evidence, we should be careful to discriminate between probability and slight presumption.

Discriminate

DISCRIM'INATE, adjective Distinguished; having the difference marked.

Bacon.

Discriminated

DISCRIM'INATED, participle passive Separated; distinguished.

Discriminately

DISCRIM'INATELY, adverb Distinctly; with minute distinction; particularly.

Johnson.

Discriminateness

DISCRIM'INATENESS, noun Distinctness; marked difference.

Dict.

Discriminating

DISCRIM'INATING, participle of the present tense Separating; distinguishing; marking with notes of difference.

2. adjective Distinguishing; peculiar; characterized by peculiar differences; as the discriminating doctrines of the gospel.

3. adjective That discriminates; able to make nice distinctions; as a discriminating mind.

Journ. of Science.

Discrimination

DISCRIMINA'TION, noun The act of distinguishing; the act of making or observing a difference; distinction; as the discrimination between right and wrong.

2. The state of being distinguished.

Stillingfleet.

3. Mark of distinction.

K. Charles.

Discriminative

DISCRIM'INATIVE, adjective That makes the mark of distinction; that constitutes the mark of difference; characteristic; as the discriminative features of men.

2. That observes distinction; as discriminative providence.

More.

Discriminatively

DISCRIM'INATIVELY, adverb With discrimination or distinction.

Foster.

Discriminous

DISCRIM'INOUS, adjective Hazardous. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Discubitory

DISCU'BITORY, adjective [Latin discubitorius; discumbo; dis and cubo, to lie down or lean.]

Leaning; inclining; or fitted to a leaning posture.

Brown.

Disculpate

DISCULP'ATE, verb transitive [French disculper; Spanish disculpar; dis and Latin culpa. a fault.]

To free from blame or fault; to exculpate; to excuse.

Neither does this effect of the independence of nations disculpate the author of an unjust war.

Trans. of Vattel. Hist. of California.

Disculpated

DISCULP'ATED, participle passive Cleared from blame; exculpated.

Disculpating

DISCULP'ATING, participle of the present tense Freeing from blame; excusing.

Discumbency

DISCUM'BENCY, noun [Latin discumbens. See Discubitory.]

The act of leaning at meat, according to the manner of the ancients.

Brown.

Discumber

DISCUM'BER, verb transitive [dis and cumber.] To unburden; to throw off any thing cumbersome; to disengage from any troublesome weight, or impediment; to disencumber. [The latter is generally used.]

Pope.

Discure

DISCU'RE, verb transitive To discover; to reveal. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Discurrent

DISCUR'RENT, adjective Not current. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Discursion

DISCUR'SION, noun [Latin discurro; dis and curro, to run.] A running or rambling about.

Bailey.

Discursist

DISCURS'IST, noun [See Discourse.] A disputer. [Not in use.]

Latin Addison.

Discursive

DISCURS'IVE, adjective [Spanish discursivo, from Latin discurro, supra.] Moving or roving about; desultory.

Bacon.

2. Argumentative; reasoning; proceeding regularly from premises to consequences; sometimes written discoursive. Whether brutes have a kind of discursive faculty.

Hale.

Discursively

DISCURS'IVELY, adverb Argumentatively; in the form of reasoning or argument.

Hale.

Discursiveness

DISCURS'IVENESS, noun Range or gradation of argument.

Discursory

DISCURS'ORY, adjective Argumental; rational.

Johnson.

Discus

DISC'US, noun [Latin See Dish and Disk.]

1. A quoit; a piece of iron, copper or stone, to be thrown in play; used by the ancients.

2. In botany, the middle plain part of a radiated compound flower, generally consisting of small florets, with a hollow regular petal, as in the marigold and daisy.

Bailey. Encyc.

3. The face or surface of the sun or moon. [See Disk.]

Discuss

DISCUSS', verb transitive [Latin discutio, discussum; dis and quatio; French discuter; Spanish discutir. Quatio may be allied to quasso, and to cudo and coedo, to strike. See Class Gs. No. 17. 28. 68. 79. and class Gd. No. 38. 40. 76.]

Literally, to drive; to beat or to shake in pieces; to separate by beating or shaking.

1. To disperse; to scatter; to dissolve; to repel; as, to discuss a tumor; a medical use of the word.

2. To debate; to agitate by argument; to clear of objections and difficulties, with a view to find or illustrate truth; to sift; to examine by disputation; to ventilate; to reason on, for the purpose of separating truth from falsehood. We discuss a subject, a point, a problem, a question, the propriety, expedience or justice of a measure, &c.

3. To break in pieces. [The primary sense, but not used.]

Brown.

4. To shake off. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Discussed

DISCUSS'ED, participle passive Dispersed; dissipated; debated; agitated; argued.

Discusser

DISCUSS'ER, noun One who discusses; one who sifts or examines.

Discussing

DISCUSS'ING, participle of the present tense Dispersing; resolving; scattering; debating; agitating; examining by argument.

Discussing

DISCUSS'ING, noun Discussion; examination.

Discussion

DISCUS'SION noun In surgery, resolution; the dispersion of a tumor or any coagulated matter.

Coxe. Wiseman.

2. Debate; disquisition; the agitation of a point or subject with a view to elicit truth; the treating of a subject by argument, to clear it of difficulties, and separate truth from falsehood.

Discussive

DISCUSS'IVE, adjective Having the power to discuss, resolve or disperse tumors or coagulated matter.

Discussive

DISCUSS'IVE, noun A medicine that discusses; a discutient.

Discutient

DISCU'TIENT, adjective [Latin discutiens.] Discussing; dispersing morbid matter.

Discutient

DISCU'TIENT, noun A medicine or application which disperses a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body; sometimes it is equivalent to carminative.

Coxe.

Disdain

DISDA'IN, verb transitive [French dedaigner; Spanish desdeÃƒ-±ar; Italian sdegnare; Portugese desdenhar; Latin dedignor; de, dis, and dignor, to think worthy; dignus, worthy. See Dignity.]

To think unworthy; to deem worthless; to consider to be unworthy of notice, care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of one's character; to scorn; to contemn. The man of elevated mind disdains a mean action; he disdains the society of profligate, worthless men; he disdains to corrupt the innocent, or insult the weak, Goliath disdained David.

Whose fathers I would have disdained to set with the dogs of my flock. Job 30.

Disdain

DISDA'IN, noun Contempt; scorn; a passion excited in noble minds, by the hatred or detestation of what is mean and dishonorable, and implying a consciousness of superiority of mind, or a supposed superiority. In ignoble minds, disdains may spring from unwarrantable pride or haughtiness, and be directed towards objects of worth. It implies hatred, and sometimes anger.

How my soul is moved with just disdain.

Pope.

Disdained

DISDA'INED, participle passive Despised; contemned; scorned.

Disdainful

DISDA'INFUL, adjective Full of disdain; as disdainful soul.

2. Expressing disdain; as a disdainful look.

3. Contemptuous; scornful; haughty; indignant.

Hooker. Dryden.

Disdainfully

DISDA'INFULLY, adverb Contemptuously; with scorn; in a haughty manner.

South.

Disdainfulness

DISDA'INFULNESS, noun Contempt; contemptuousness; haughty scorn.

Sidney.

Disdaining

DISDA'INING, participle of the present tense Contemning; scorning.

Disdaining

DISDA'INING, noun Contempt; scorn

Disdiaclastic

DISDIACLAS'TIC, adjective An epithet given by Bartholine and others to a substance supposed to be crystal, but which is a fine pellucid spar, called also Iceland crystal, and by Dr. Hill, from its shape, parallelopipedum.

Encyc.

Disdiapason

DISDIAPA'SON, or BISDIAPA'SON, noun [See Diapason.]

In music, a compound concord in the quadruple ratio of 4:1 or 8:2.

Disdiapason diapente, a concord in a sextuple ratio of 1:6.

Disdiapason semi-diapente, a compound concord in the proportion of 16:3.

Disdiapason ditone, a compound consonance in the proportion of 10:2.

Disdiapason semi-ditone, a compound concord in the proportion of 24:5.

Encyc.

Disease

DISE'ASE, n. dize'ze. [dis and ease.] In its primary sense, pain, uneasiness, distress, and so used by Spenser; but in this sense, obsolete.

2. The cause of pain or uneasiness; distemper; malady; sickness; disorder; any state of living body in which the natural functions of the organs are interrupted or disturbed, either by defective or preternatural action, without a disrupture of parts by violence, which is called a wound. The first effect of disease is uneasiness or pain, and the ultimate effect is death. A disease may affect the whole body, or a particular limb or part of the body. We say, a diseased limb; a disease in the head or stomach; and such partial affection of the body is called a local or topical disease. The word is also applied to the disorders of other animals, as well as to those of man; and to any derangement of the vegetative functions of plants.

The shafts of disease shoot across our path in such a variety of courses, that the atmosphere of human life is darkened by their number, and the escape of an individual becomes almost miraculous.

Buckminster.

3. A disordered state of the mind or intellect, by which the reason is impaired.

4. In society, vice; corrupt state of morals. Vices are called moral diseases.

A wise man converses with the wicked, as a physician with the sick, not to catch the disease but to cure it.

Maxim of Antisthenes.

5. Political or civil disorder, or vices in a state; any practice which tends to disturb the peace of society, or impede or prevent the regular administration of government.

The instability, injustice and confusion introduced into the public councils have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have every where perished.

Federalist, Madison.

Disease

DISE'ASE, v. t. dize'ze. To interrupt or impair any or all the natural and regular functions of the several organs of a living body; to afflict with pain or sickness; to make morbid; used chiefly in the passive participle, as a diseased body, a diseased stomach; but diseased may here be considered as an adjective.

2. To interrupt or render imperfect the regular functions of the brain, or of the intellect; to disorder; to derange.

3. To infect; to communicate disease to, by contagion.

4. To pain; to make uneasy.

Locke.

Diseased

DISE'ASED, participle passive or a. dize'zed. Disordered; distempered; sick.

Diseasedness

DISE'ASEDNESS, n. dize'zedness. The state of being diseased; a morbid state; sickness.

Burnet.

Diseaseful

DISE'ASEFUL, a. dize'zeful. Abounding with disease; producing diseases; as a diseaseful climate.

2. Occasioning uneasiness.

Diseasement

DISE'ASEMENT, n. dize'zement. Uneasiness; inconvenience.

Bacon.

Disedged

DISEDG'ED, adjective [dis and edge.] Blunted; made dull.

Shak.

Disembark

DISEMB'ARK, verb transitive [Dis and embark; French desembarquer.]

To land; to debark; to remove from on board a ship to the land; to put on shore; applied particularly to the landing of troops and military apparatus; as, the general disembarked the troops at sun-rise.

Disembark

DISEMB`ARK, verb intransitive To land; to debark; to quit a ship for residence or action on shore; as, the light infantry and cavalry disembarked, and marched to meet the enemy.

Disembarked

DISEMB`ARKED, participle passive Landed; put on shore.

Disembarking

DISEMB`ARKING, participle of the present tense Landing; removing from on board a ship to land.

Disembarkment

DISEMB`ARKMENT, noun The act of disembarking.

Disembarrass

DISEMBAR'RASS, verb transitive [dis and embarrass.] To free from embarrassment or perplexity; to clear; to extricate.

Mason.

Disembarrassed

DISEMBAR'RASSED, participle passive Freed from embarrassment; extricated from difficulty.

Disembarrassing

DISEMBAR'RASSING, participle of the present tense Freeing from embarrassment or perplexity; extricating.

Disembarrassment

DISEMBAR'RASSMENT, noun The act of extricating from perplexity.

Disembay

DISEMBA'Y, verb transitive To clear from a bay.

Sherburne.

Disembitter

DISEMBIT'TER, verb transitive [dis and embitter.] To free from bitterness; to clear from acrimony; to render sweet or pleasant.

Addison.

Disembodied

DISEMBOD'IED, adjective [dis and embodied.] Divested of the body; as disembodied spirits or souls.

2. Separated; discharged from keeping in a body.

Militia Act. Geo.III.

Disembody

DISEMBOD'Y, verb transitive To divest of body; to free from flesh.

2. To discharge from military array.

Disembogue

DISEMBO'GUE, v. t. disembog. [dis and the root of French bouche, mouth. The French has emboucher and debouquer. Spanish boca, mouth, Portugese id., Italian bocca. See Voice.]

To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to vent; to discharge into the ocean or a lake.

Rolling down, the steep Timavus raves, And through nine channels disembogues his waves.

Addison.

Disembogue

DISEMBO'GUE, verb intransitive To flow out at the mouth, as a river; to discharge waters into the ocean, or into a lake. Innumerable rivers disembogue into the ocean.

2. To pass out of a gulf or bay.

Disemboguement

DISEMBO'GUEMENT, noun Discharge of waters into the ocean or a lake.

Mease.

Disembosom

DISEMBOSOM, verb transitive To separate from the bosom.

Young.

Disembowel

DISEMBOW'EL, verb transitive [dis and embowel.] To take out the bowels; to take or draw from the bowels, as the web of a spider.

Disemboweled

DISEMBOW'ELED, participle passive Taken or drawn from the bowels.

Disemboweled web.

Philips.

Disemboweling

DISEMBOW'ELING participle of the present tense Taking or drawing from the bowels.

Disembrangle

DISEMBRAN'GLE, verb transitive To free from litigation. [Not used.]

Disembroil

DISEMBROIL', verb transitive [dis and embroil.] To disentangle; to free from perplexity; to extricate from confusion.

Dryden. Addison.

Disembroiled

DISEMBROIL'ED, participle passive Disentangled; cleared from perplexity or confusion.

Disembroiling

DISEMBROIL'ING, participle of the present tense Disentangling; freeing from confusion.

Disenable

DISENA'BLE, verb transitive [dis and enable.] To deprive of power, natural or moral; to disable; to deprive of ability or means. A man may be disenabled to walk by lameness; and by poverty he is disenabled to support his family.

Disenabled

DISENA'BLED, participle passive Deprived of power, ability or means.

Disenabling

DISENA'BLING, participle of the present tense Depriving of power, ability or means.

Disenchant

DISENCH`ANT, verb transitive [dis and enchant.] To free from enchantment; to deliver from the power of charms or spells.

Haste to thy work; a noble stroke or two

Ends all the charms, and disenchants the grove.

Dryden.

Disenchanted

DISENCH`ANTED, participle passive Delivered from enchantment, or the power of charms.

Disenchanting

DISENCH`ANTING, participle of the present tense Freeing from enchantment, or the influence of charms.

Disencumber

DISENCUM'BER, verb transitive [dis and encumber.] To free from encumbrance; to deliver from clogs and impediments; to disburden; as, to disencumber troops of their baggage; to disencumber the soul of its body of clay; to disencumber the mind of its cares and griefs.

2. To free from any obstruction; to free from any thing heavy or unnecessary; as a disencumbered building.

Addison.

Disencumbered

DISENCUM'BERED, participle passive Freed from incumbrance.

Disencumbering

DISENCUM'BERING, participle of the present tense Freeing from incumbrance.

Disencumbrance

DISENCUM'BRANCE, noun Freedom or deliverance from incumbrance, or any thing burdensome or troublesome.

Spectator.

Disengage

DISENGA'GE, verb transitive [dis and engage.] To separate, as a substance from any thing with which it is in union; to free; to loose; to liberate; as, to disengage a metal from extraneous substances.

Caloric and light must be disengaged during the process.

Lavoisier.

2. To separate from that to which one adheres, or is attached; as, to disengage a man from a party.

3. To disentangle; to extricate; to clear from impediments, difficulties or perplexities; as, to disengage one from broils or controversies.

4. To detach; to withdraw; to wean; as, to disengage the heart or affections from earthly pursuits.

5. To free from any thing that commands the mind, or employs the attention; as, to disengage the mind from study; to disengage one's self from business.

6. To release or liberate from a promise or obligation; to set free by dissolving an engagement; as, the men, who were enlisted, are now disengaged; the lady, who had promised to give her hand in marriage, is disengaged.

Let it be observed that disengaged properly implies previous engagement; and is not to be confounded with unengaged, which does not always imply prior engagement. This distinction is sometimes carelessly overlooked.

Disengaged

DISENGA'GED, participle passive Separated; detached; set free; released; disjoined; disentangled.

2. adjective Vacant; being at leisure; not particularly occupied; not having the attention confined to a particular object. [This word is thus used by mistake for unengaged, not engaged.]

Disengagedness

DISENGA'GEDNESS, noun The quality or state of being disengaged; freedom from connection; disjunction.

2. Vacuity of attention.

Disengagement

DISENGA'GEMENT, noun A setting free; separation; extrication.

It is easy to render this disengagement of caloric and light evident to the senses.

Lavoisier.

2. The act of separating or detaching.

3. Liberation or release from obligation.

4. Freedom from attention; vacancy; leisure.

Disengaging

DISENGA'GING, participle of the present tense Separating; loosing; setting free; detaching; liberating; releasing from obligation.

Disennoble

DISENNO'BLE, verb transitive To deprive of title, or of that which ennobles.

Guardian.

Disenroll

DISENROLL, verb intransitive To erase from a roll or list.

Donne.

Disenslave

DISENSLA'VE, verb transitive To free from bondage.

South.

Disentangle

DISENTAN'GLE, verb transitive [dis and entangle.]

1. To unravel; to unfold; to untwist; to loose, separate or disconnect things which are interwoven, or united without order; as, to disentangle net-work; to disentangle a skain of yarn.

2. To free; to extricate from perplexity; to disengage from complicated concerns; to set free from impediments or difficulties; as, to disentangle one's self from business, from political affairs, or from the cares and tempatations of life.

3. To disengage; to separate.

Disentangled

DISENTAN'GLED, participle passive Freed from entanglement; extricated.

Disentangling

DISENTAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Freeing from entanglement; extricating.

Disenter

DISENTER'. [See Disinter.]

Disenthrone

DISENTHRO'NE, verb transitive [dis and enthrone.] To dethrone; to depose from sovereign authority; as, to disenthrone a king.

Milton.

Disenthroned

DISENTHRO'NED, participle passive Deposed; deprived of sovereign power.

Disenthroning

DISENTHRO'NING, participle of the present tense Deposing; depriving of royal authority.

Disentitle

DISENTI'TLE, verb transitive To deprive of title.

South.

Disentrance

DISENTR`ANCE, verb transitive [dis and entrance.] To awaken from a trance, or from deep sleep; to arouse from a reverie.

Hudibras.

Disentranced

DISENTR`ANCED, participle passive Awakened from a trance, sleep or reverie.

Disentrancing

DISENTR`ANCING, participle of the present tense Arousing from a trance, sleep or reverie.

Disespouse

DISESPOUSE, v. t. disespouz'. [dis and espouse.]

To separate after espousal or plighted faith; to divorce.

Milton.

Disespoused

DISESPOUS'ED, participle passive Separated after espousal; released from obligation to marry.

Disespousing

DISESPOUS'ING, participle of the present tense Separating after plighted faith.

Disesteem

DISESTEE'M, noun [dis and esteem.] Want of esteem; slight dislike; disregard. It expresses less than hatred or contempt.

Locke.

Disesteem

DISESTEE'M, verb transitive To dislike in a moderate degree; to consider with disregard, disapprobation, dislike or slight contempt; to slight.

Disesteemed

DISESTEE'MED, participle passive Disliked; slighted.

Disesteeming

DISESTEE'MING, participle of the present tense Disliking; slighting.

Disestimation

DISESTIMA'TION, noun Disesteem; bad repute.

Disexercise

DISEX'ERCISE, verb transitive To deprive of exercise. [A bad word.]

Milton.

Disfancy

DISFAN'CY, verb transitive To dislike. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Disfavor

DISFA'VOR, noun [dis and favor.] Dislike; slight displeasure; discountenance; unfavorable regard; disesteem; as, the conduct of the minister incurred the disfavor of his sovereign.

2. A state of unacceptableness; a state in which one is not esteemed or favored, or not patronized, promoted or befriended; as, to be in disfavor at court.

3. An ill or disobliging act; as, no generous man will do a disfavor to the meanest of his species.

Disfavor

DISFA'VOR, verb transitive To discountenance; to withdraw or withhold from one, kindness, friendship or support; to check or oppose by disapprobation; as, let the man be countenanced or disfavored, according to his merits.

Disfavored

DISFA'VORED, participle passive Discountenanced; not favored.

Disfavorer

DISFA'VORER, noun One who discountenances.

Bacon.

Disfavoring

DISFA'VORING, participle of the present tense Discountenancing.

Disfiguration

DISFIGURA'TION, noun [See Disfigure.] The act of disfiguring, or marring external form.

2. The state of being disfigured; some degree of deformity.

Disfigure

DISFIG'URE, verb transitive [dis and figure.] To change to a worse form; to mar external figure; to impair shape or form and render it less perfect and beautiful; as, the loss of a limb disfigures the body.

2. To mar; to impair; to injure beauty, symmetry or excellence.

Disfigured

DISFIG'URED, participle passive Changed to a worse form; impaired in form or appearance.

Disfigurement

DISFIG'UREMENT, noun Change of external form to the worse; defacement of beauty.

Milton. Suckling.

Disfigurer

DISFIG'URER, noun One who disfigures.

Disfiguring

DISFIG'URING, participle of the present tense Injuring the form or shape; impairing the beauty of form.

Disforest

DISFOREST. [See Disafforest.]

Disfranchise

DISFRAN'CHISE, verb transitive [dis and franchise.] To deprive of the rights and privileges of a free citizen; to deprive of chartered rights and immunities; to deprive of any franchise, as of the right of voting in elections, &c.

Blackstone.

Disfranchised

DISFRAN'CHISED, participle passive Deprived of the rights and privileges of a free citizen, or of some particular franchise.

Disfranchisement

DISFRAN'CHISEMENT, noun The act of disfranchising, or depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some particular immunity.

Disfranchising

DISFRAN'CHISING, participle of the present tense Depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some particular immunity.

Disfriar

DISFRI'AR, verb transitive [dis and friar.] To deprive of the state of a friar. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Disfurnish

DISFUR'NISH, verb transitive [dis and furnish.] To deprive of furniture; to strip of apparatus, habiliments or equipage.

Shak. Knolles.

Disfurnished

DISFUR'NISHED, participle passive Deprived of furniture; stripped of apparatus.

Disfurnishing

DISFUR'NISHING, participle of the present tense Depriving of furniture or apparatus.

Disgallant

DISGAL'LANT, verb transitive To deprive of gallantry. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Disgarnish

DISG'ARNISH, verb transitive [dis and garnish.] To divest of garniture or ornaments.

2. To deprive of a garrison, guns and military apparatus; to degarnish.

Disgarrison

DISGAR'RISON, verb transitive To deprive of a garrison.

Hewyt.

Disgavel

DISGAV'EL, verb transitive [See Gavelkind.] To take away the tenure of gavelkind.

Blackstone.

Disgaveled

DISGAV'ELED, participle passive Deprived of the tenure by gavelkind.

Disgaveling

DISGAV'ELING, participle of the present tense Taking away tenure by gavelkind.

Blackstone.

Disglorify

DISGLO'RIFY, verb transitive [dis and glorify.] To deprive of glory; to treat with indignity. The participle disglorified is used by Milton; but the word is little used.

Disgorge

DISGORGE, v. t. disgorj'. [French degorger; de, dis, and gorge, the throat.]

1. To eject or discharge from the stomach, throat or mouth; to vomit.

2. To throw out with violence; to discharge violently or in great quantities from a confined place. Thus, volcanoes are said to disgorge streams of burning lava, ashes and stones. Milton's infernal rivers disgorge their streams into a burning lake.

Disgorged

DISGORG'ED, participle passive Ejected; discharged from the stomach or mouth; thrown out with violence and in great quantities.

Disgorgement

DISGORGEMENT, n. disgorj'ment. The act of disgorging; a vomiting.

Hall.

Disgorging

DISGORG'ING, participle of the present tense Discharging from the throat or mouth; vomiting; ejecting with violence and in great quantities.

Disgospel

DISGOS'PEL, verb intransitive [dis and gospel.] To differ from the precepts of the gospel. [Not used.]

Milton.

Disgrace

DISGRA'CE, noun [dis and grace.] A state of being out of favor; disfavor; disesteem; as, the minister retired from court in disgrace.

2. State of ignominy; dishonor; shame.

3. Cause of shame; as, to turn the back to the enemy is a foul disgrace; every vice is a disgrace to a rational being.

4. Act of unkindness. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Disgrace

DISGRA'CE, verb transitive To put out of favor; as, the minister was disgraced.

2. To bring a reproach on; to dishonor; as an agent. Men are apt to take pleasure in disgracing an enemy and his performances.

3. To bring to shame; to dishonor; to sink in estimation; as a cause; as, men often boast of actions which disgrace them.

Disgraced

DISGRA'CED, participle passive Put out of favor; brought under reproach; dishonored.

Disgraceful

DISGRA'CEFUL, adjective Shameful; reproachful; dishonorable; procuring shame; sinking reputation. Cowardice is disgraceful to a soldier. Intemperance and profaneness are disgraceful to a man, but more disgraceful to a woman.

Disgracefully

DISGRA'CEFULLY, adverb With disgrace.

The senate have cast you forth disgracefully.

B. Jonson.

2. Shamefully; reproachfully; ignominiously; in a disgraceful manner; as, the troops fled disgracefully.

Disgracefulness

DISGRA'CEFULNESS, noun Ignominy; shamefulness.

Disgracer

DISGRA'CER, noun One who disgraces; one who exposes to disgrace; one who brings into disgrace, shame or contempt.

Disgracing

DISGRA'CING, participle of the present tense Bringing reproach on: dishonoring.

Disgracious

DISGRA'CIOUS, adjective [dis and gracious.] Ungracious; unpleasing.

Shak.

Disgregate

DIS'GREGATE, verb transitive To separate; to disperse. [Little used.]

More.

Disguise

DISGUI'SE, v. t. disgi'ze. [French deguiser; de, dis, and guise, manner.]

1. To conceal by an unusual habit, or mask. Men sometimes disguise themselves for the purpose of committing crimes without danger of detection. They disguise their faces in a masquerade.

2. To hide by a counterfeit appearance; to cloke by a false show, by false language, or an artificial manner; as, to disguise anger, sentiments or intentions.

3. To disfigure; to alter the form, and exhibit an unusual appearance.

They saw the faces, which too well they knew,

Though then disguised in death.

Dryden.

4. To disfigure or deform by liquor; to intoxicate.

Spectator.

Disguise

DISGUI'SE, noun A counterfeit habit; a dress intended to conceal the person who wears it.

By the laws of England, persons doing unlawful acts in disguise are subjected to heavy penalties, and in some cases, declared felons.

2. A false appearance; a counterfeit show; an artificial or assumed appearance intended to deceive the beholder.

A treacherous design is often concealed under the disguise of great candor.

3. Change of manner by drink; intoxication.

Shak.

Disguised

DISGUI'SED, participle passive Concealed by a counterfeit habit or appearance; intoxicated.

Disguisement

DISGUI'SEMENT, noun Dress of concealment; false appearance.

Disguiser

DISGUI'SER, noun One who disguises himself or another.

2. He or that which disfigures.

Disguising

DISGUI'SING, participle of the present tense Concealing by a counterfeit dress, or by a false show; intoxicating.

Disguising

DISGUI'SING, noun The act of giving a false appearance.

2. Theatrical mummery or masking.

Disgust

DISGUST', noun [French degoÃƒ-»t; de, dis, and gout, taste, Latin gustus.]

1. Disrelish; distaste; aversion to the taste of food or drink; an unpleasant sensation excited in the organs of taste by something disagreeable, and when extreme, producing loathing or nausea.

2. Dislike; aversion; an unpleasant sensation in the mind excited by something offensive in the manners, conduct, language or opinions of others. Thus, obscenity in language and clownishness in behavior excite disgust.

Disgust

DISGUST', verb transitive To excite aversion in the stomach; to offend the taste.

2. To displease; to offend the mind or moral taste; with at or with; as, to be disgusted at foppery, or with vulgar manners. To disgust from is unusual and hardly legitimate.

Disgusted

DISGUST'ED, participle passive Displeased; offended.

Disgustful

DISGUST'FUL, adjective Offensive to the taste; nauseous; exciting aversion in the natural or moral taste.

Disgusting

DISGUST'ING, participle of the present tense Provoking aversion; offending the taste.

2. adjective Provoking dislike; odious; hateful; as disgusting servility.

Disgustingly

DISGUST'INGLY, adverb In a manner to give disgust.

Swinburne.

Dish

DISH, noun [Saxon disc, a dish, and dixas, dishes; Latin discus; Greek; French disque; Armoric disg; Welsh dyagyl; Spanish Italian disco. It is the same word as disk and desk, and seems to signify something flat, plain or extended.]

1. A broad open vessel, made of various materials, used for serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table. It is sometimes used for a deep hollow vessel for liquors.

Addison. Milton.

2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any particular kind of food.

I have here a dish of doves.

Shak.

We say, a dish of veal or venison; a cold dish; a warm dish; a delicious dish.

3. Among miners, a trough in which ore is measured, about 28 inches long, 4 deep and 6 wide.

Encyc.

Dish

DISH, verb transitive To put in a dish; as, the meat is all dished, and ready for the table.

Dish-Cloth

DISH'-CLOTH, or DISH'-CLOUT, noun A cloth used for washing and wiping dishes.

Swift.

Dish-Washer

DISH'-WASHER, noun The name of a bird, the mergus.

Johnson.

Dish-Water

DISH'-WATER, noun Water in which dishes are washed.

Dishabille

DISHABILLE, or DISHABIL', noun [French deshabillÃƒ-©; des and habiller, to dress. See Habit.]

An undress; a loose negligent dress for the morning. But see Deshabille, the French and more correct orthography.

Dryden uses the word as a participle. "Queens are not to be too negligently dressed or dishabille." In this use, he is not followed.

Dishabit

DISHAB'IT, verb transitive To drive from a habitation. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Disharmonious

DISHARMO'NIOUS, adjective Incongruous. [See Unharmonious.]

Hallywell.

Disharmony

DISHAR'MONY, noun [dis and harmony.] Want of harmony; discord; incongruity. [Not used.]

Dishearten

DISHEARTEN, v. t. dishart'n. [dis and heart.]

To discourage; to deprive of courage; to depress the spirits; to deject; to impress with fear; as, it is weakness to be disheartened by small obstacles.

Disheartened

DISHEARTENED, pp. dishart'ned. Discouraged; depressed in spirits; cast down.

Disheartening

DISHEARTENING, ppr. dishart'ning. Discouraging; depressing the spirits.

Dished

DISH'ED, participle passive Put in a dish or dishes.

Disheir

DISHEIR, v. t. diza're. To debar from inheriting. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Disherison

DISHER'ISON, noun [See Disherit.] The act of disinheriting, or cutting off from inheritance.

Bp. Hall.

Disherit

DISHER'IT, verb transitive [French desheriter; des, dis, and heriter; Armoric diserita; Italian diseredare; Spanish desheredar. See Heir.]

To disinherit; to cut off from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance. [See Disinherit, which is more generally used.]

Disheritance

DISHER'ITANCE, noun The state of disheriting or of being disinherited.

Beaum.

Disherited

DISHER'ITED, participle passive Cut off from an inheritance or hereditary succession.

Disheriting

DISHER'ITING, participle of the present tense Cutting off from an inheritance.

Spenser.

Dishevel

DISHEV'EL, verb transitive [French decheveler; de, dis, and cheveu, hair, chevelu, hairy, Latin capillus. Class Gb.]

To spread the hair loosely; to suffer the hair of the head to hang negligently, and to flow without confinement; used chiefly in the passive participle.

Dishevel

DISHEV'EL, verb intransitive To spread in disorder.

Herbert.

Disheveled

DISHEV'ELED, participle passive or adjective Hanging loosely and negligently without confinement; flowing in disorder; as disheveled locks.

Disheveling

DISHEV'ELING, participle of the present tense Spreading loosely.

Dishing

DISH'ING, participle of the present tense [See Dish.] Putting in a dish or dishes.

2. adjective Concave; having the hollow form of a dish.

Mortimer.

Dishonest

DISHON'EST, a. dizon'est. [dis and honest.]

1. Void of honesty; destitute of probity, integrity or good faith; faithless; fraudulent; knavish; having or exercising a disposition to deceive, cheat and defraud; applied to persons; as a dishonest man.

2. Proceeding from fraud or marked by it; fraudulent; knavish; as a dishonest transaction.

3. Disgraced; dishonored; from the sense in Latin.

Dishonest with lopped arms the youth appears.

Dryden.

4. Disgraceful; ignominious; from the Latin sense.

Inglorious triumphs, and dishonest scars.

Pope.

5. Unchaste; lewd.

Shak.

Dishonestly

DISHON'ESTLY, adv. dizon'estly. In a dishonest manner; without good faith, probity or integrity; with fraudulent views; knavishly.

Shak.

2. Lewdly; unchastely.

Ecclesiasticus.

Dishonesty

DISHON'ESTY, n. dizon'esty. Want of probity, or integrity in principle; faithlessness; a disposition to cheat or defraud, or to deceive and betray; applied to persons.

2. Violation of trust or of justice; fraud; treachery; any deviation from probity or integrity; applied to acts.

3. Unchastity; incontinence; lewdness.

Shak.

4. Deceit; wickedness; shame. 2 Corinthians 4.

Dishonor

DISHON'OR, n. dizon'or. [dis and honor.] Reproach; disgrace; ignominy; shame; whatever constitutes a stain or blemish in the reputation.

It was not meet for us to see the king's dishonor. Ez. 4.

It may express less than ignominy and infamy.

Dishonor

DISHON'OR, verb transitive To disgrace; to bring reproach or shame on; to stain the character of; to lessen reputation. The duelist dishonors himself to maintain his honor.

The impunity of the crimes of great men dishonors the administration of the laws.

2. To treat with indignity.

Dryden.

3. To violate the chasity of; to debauch.

Dryden.

Dishonorable

DISHON'ORABLE, adjective Shameful; reproachful; base; vile; bringing shame on; staining the character, and lessening reputation. Every act of meanness, and every vice is dishonorable.

2. Destitute of honor; as a dishonorable man.

3. In a state of neglect or disesteem.

He that is dishonorable in riches, how much more in poverty?

Ecclesiasticus.

Dishonorably

DISHON'ORABLY, adverb Reproachfully; in a dishonorable manner.

Dishonorary

DISHON'ORARY, a. dizon'orary. Bringing dishonor on; tending to disgrace; lessening reputation.

Holmes.

Dishonored

DISHON'ORED, participle passive Disgraced; brought into disrepute.

Dishonorer

DISHON'ORER, noun One who dishonors or disgraces; one who treats another with indignity.

Milton.

Dishonoring

DISHON'ORING, participle of the present tense Disgracing; bringing into disrepute; treating with indignity.

Dishorn

DISHORN', verb transitive [dis and horn.] To deprive of horns.

Shak.

Dishorned

DISHORN'ED, participle passive Stripped of horns.

Dishumor

DISHU'MOR, noun [dis and humor.] Peevishness; ill humor. [Little used.]

Spectator.

Disimpark

DISIMPARK', verb transitive [dis, in and park.] To free from the barriers of a park; to free from restraints or seclusion. [Little used.]

Spectator.

DisimprÃ¶Vement

DISIMPRÃƒ-–VEMENT, noun [dis and improvement.]

Reduction from a better to a worse state; the contrary to improvement or melioration; as the disimprovement of the earth. [Little used.]

Norris. Swift.

Disincarcerate

DISINC`ARCERATE, verb transitive [dis and incarcerate.]

To liberate from prison; to set free from confinement. [Not much used.]

Harvey.

Disinclination

DISINCLINA'TION, noun [dis and inclination.]

Want of inclination; want of propensity, desire or affection; slight dislike; aversion; expressing less than hate.

Disappointment gave him a disinclination to the fair sex.

Arbuthnot.

Disincline

DISINCLI'NE, verb transitive [dis and incline.] To excite dislike or slight aversion; to make disaffected; to alienate from. His timidity disinclined him from such an arduous enterprise.

Disinclined

DISINCLI'NED, participle passive Not inclined; averse.

Disinclining

DISINCLI'NING, participle of the present tense Exciting dislike or slight aversion.

Disincorporate

DISINCORP'ORATE, verb transitive To deprive of corporate powers; to disunite a corporate body, or an established society.

Hume.

2. To detach or separate from a corporation or society.

Bacon.

Disincorporation

DISINCORPORA'TION, noun Deprivation of the rights and privileges of a corporation.

Warton.

Disinfect

DISINFECT', verb transitive [dis and infect.] To cleanse from infection; to purify from contagious matter.

Disinfected

DISINFECT'ED, participle passive Cleansed from infection.

Disinfecting

DISINFECT'ING, participle of the present tense Purifying from infection.

Disinfection

DISINFEC'TION, noun Purification from infecting matter.

Med. Repos.

Disingenuity

DISINGENU'ITY, noun [dis and ingenuity.] Meanness of artifice; unfairness; disingenuousness; want of candor.

Clarendon.

[This word is little used, or not at all, in the sense here explained. See Ingenuity. We now use in lieu of it disingenuousness.]

Disingenuous

DISINGEN'UOUS, adjective [dis and ingenuous.] Unfair; not open, frank and candid; meanly artful; illiberal; applied to persons.

2. Unfair; meanly artful; unbecoming true honor and dignity; as disingenuous conduct; disingenuous schemes.

Disingenuously

DISINGEN'UOUSLY, adverb In a disingenuous manner; unfairly; not openly and candidly; with secret management.

Disingenuousness

DISINGEN'UOUSNESS, noun Unfairness; want of candor; low craft; as the disingenuousness of a man, or of his mind.

2. Characterized by unfairness, as conduct or practices.

Disinherison

DISINHER'ISON, noun [dis and inherit.] The act of cutting off from hereditary succession; the act of disinheriting.

Bacon. Clarendon.

2. The state of being disinherited.

Taylor.

Disinherit

DISINHER'IT, verb transitive [dis and inherit.] To cut off from hereditary right; to deprive of an inheritance; to prevent as an heir from coming into possession of any property or right, which, by law or custom, would devolve on him in the course of descent. A father sometimes disinherits his children by will. In England, the crown is descendible to the eldest son, who cannot be disinherited by the will of his father.

Disinherited

DISINHER'ITED, participle passive Cut off from an inheritance.

Disinheriting

DISINHER'ITING, participle of the present tense Depriving of an hereditary estate or right.

Disintegrable

DISIN'TEGRABLE, adjective [dis and integer.] That may be separated into integrant parts; capable of disintegration.

Argillo-calcite is readily disintegrable by exposure to the atmosphere.

Kirwan.

Disintegrate

DISIN'TEGRATE, verb transitive [dis and integer.]

To separate the integrant parts of.

Marlites are not disintegrated by exposure to the atmosphere, at least in six years.

Kirwan.

Disintegrated

DISIN'TEGRATED, participle passive Separated into integrant parts without chimical action.

Disintegration

DISINTEGRA'TION, noun The act of separating integrant parts of a substance, as distinguished from decomposition or the separation of constituent parts.

Kirwan.

Disinter

DISINTER', verb transitive [dis and inter.] To take out of a grave, or out of the earth; as, to disinter a dead body that is buried.

2. To take out as from a grave; to bring from obscurity into view.

The philosopherÃ‚--may be concealed in a plebeian, which a proper education might have disinterred. [Unusual.]

Addison.

Disinteressed

DISINTERESSED. or DISINTERESSMENT. [See Disinterested, &c.]

Disinterest

DISIN'TEREST, noun [dis and interest.]

What is contrary to the interest or advantage; disadvantage; injury. [Little used or not at all.]

Glanville.

2. Indifference to profit; want of regard to private advantage.

Johnson.

Disinterest

DISIN'TEREST, verb transitive To disengage from private interest or personal advantage. [Little used.]

Feltham.

Disinterested

DISIN'TERESTED, adjective Uninterested; indifferent; free from self-interest; having no personal interest or private advantage in a question or affair. It is important that a judge should be perfectly disinterested.

2. Not influenced or dictated by private advantage; as a disinterested decision.

[This word is more generally used than uninterested.]

Disinterestedly

DISIN'TERESTEDLY, adverb In a disinterested manner.

Disinterestedness

DISIN'TERESTEDNESS, noun The state or quality of having no personal interest or private advantage in a question or event; freedom from bias or prejudice, on account of private interest; indifference.

Brown.

Disinteresting

DISIN'TERESTING, adjective Uninteresting. [The latter is the word now used.]

Disinterment

DISINTER'MENT, noun The act of disinterring, or taking out of the earth.

Disinterred

DISINTER'RED, participle passive Taken out of the earth or grave.

Disinterring

DISINTER'RING, participle of the present tense Taking out of the earth, or out of a grave.

Disinthrall

DISINTHRALL', verb transitive [dis and enthrall.]

To liberate from slavery, bondage or servitude; to free or rescue from oppression.

South.

Disinthralled

DISINTHRALL'ED, participle passive Set free from bondage.

Disinthralling

DISINTHRALL'ING, participle of the present tense Delivering from slavery or servitude.

Disinthrallment

DISINTHRALL'MENT, noun Liberation from bondage; emancipation from slavery.

E. Nott.

Disinure

DISINU'RE, verb transitive [dis and inure.] To deprive of familiarity or custom.

Milton.

Disinvite

DISINVI'TE, verb transitive To recall an invitation.

Finett.

Disinvolve

DISINVOLVE, v. t. disinvolv'. [dis and involve.] To uncover; to unfold or unroll; to disentangle.

More.

Disjoin

DISJOIN', verb transitive [dis and join. ] To part; to disunite; to separate; to sunder.

Disjoined

DISJOIN'ED, participle passive Disunited; separated.

Disjoining

DISJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Disuniting; severing.

Disjoint

DISJOINT', verb transitive [dis and joint.] To separate a joint; to separate parts united by joints; as, to disjoint the limbs; to disjoint bones; to disjoint a fowl in carving.

2. To put out of joint; to force out of its socket; to dislocate.

3. To separate at junctures; to break at the part where things are united by cement; as disjointed columns.

4. To break in pieces; to separate united parts; as, to disjoint an edifice; the disjointed parts of a ship.

5. To break the natural order and relations of a thing; to make incoherent; as a disjointed speech.

Disjoint

DISJOINT', verb intransitive To fall in pieces.

Shak.

Disjoint

DISJOINT', adjective Disjointed.

Shak.

Disjointed

DISJOINT'ED, participle passive Separated at the joints; parted limb from limb; carved; put out of joint; not coherent.

Disjointing

DISJOINT'ING, participle of the present tense Separating joints; disjoining limb from limb; breaking at the seams or junctures; rendering incoherent.

Disjointly

DISJOINT'LY, adverb In a divided state.

Sandys.

Disjudication

DISJUDICA'TION, noun [Latin dijudicatio.] Judgment; determination. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Disjunct

DISJUNCT', adjective [Latindisjunctus, disjungo; dis and jungo, to join.] Disjoined; separated .

Disjunction

DISJUNC'TION, noun [Latindisjunctio.] The act of disjoining; disunion; separation; a parting; as the disjunction of soul and body.

Disjunctive

DISJUNC'TIVE, adjective Separating; disjoining.

2. Incapable of union. [Unusual.]

Grew.

3. In grammar, a disjunctive conjunction or connective, is a word which unites sentences or the parts of discourse in construction, but disjoins the sense, noting an alternative or opposition; as, I love him, or I fear him; I neither love him, nor fear him.

4. In logic, a disjunctive proposition, is one in which the parts are opposed to each other, by means of disjunctives; as, it is either day or night.

A disjunctive syllogism, is when the major proposition is disjunctive; as, the earth moves in a circle, or an ellipsis; but it does not move in a circle, therefore it moves in an ellipsis.

Watts.

Disjunctive

DISJUNC'TIVE, noun A word that disjoins, as or, nor, neither.

Disjunctively

DISJUNC'TIVELY, adverb In a disjunctive manner; separately.

Disk

DISK, noun [Latin discus. See Dish and Desk.]

The body and face of the sun, moon or a planet, as it appears to us on the earth; or the body and face of the earth, as it appears to a spectator in the moon.

Newton. Dryden.

2. A quoit; a piece of stone, iron or copper, inclining to an oval figure, which the ancients hurled by the help of a leathern thong tied round the person's hand, and put through a hole in the middle.

Some whirl the disk, and some the jav'lin dart.

Pope.

3. In botany, the whole surface of a leaf; the central part of a radiate compound flower.

Martyn.

Diskindness

DISKI'NDNESS, noun [dis and kindness.] Want of kindness; unkindness; want of affection.

2. Ill turn; injury; detriment.

Woodward.

Dislike

DISLI'KE, noun [dis and like.] Disapprobation; disinclination; displeasure; aversion; a moderate degree of hatred. A man shows his dislike to measures which he disapproves, to a proposal which he is disinclined to accept, and to food which he does not relish. All wise and good men manifest their dislike to folly.

2. Discord; disagreement. [Not in use.]

Fairfax.

Dislike

DISLI'KE, verb transitive To disapprove; to regard with some aversion or displeasure. We dislike proceedings which we deem wrong; we dislike persons of evil habits; we dislike whatever gives us pain.

2. To disrelish; to regard with some disgust; as, to dislike particular kinds of food.

Disliked

DISLI'KED, participle passive Disapproved; disrelished.

Dislikeful

DISLI'KEFUL, adjective Disliking; disaffected. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Disliken

DISLI'KEN, verb transitive To make unlike.

Shak.

Dislikeness

DISLI'KENESS, noun [dis and likeness.] Unlikeness; want of resemblance; dissimilitude.

Locke.

Disliker

DISLI'KER, noun One who disapproves, or disrelishes.

Disliking

DISLI'KING, participle of the present tense Disapproving; disrelishing.

Dislimb

DISLIMB', v. t. dislim'. To tear the limbs from.

Dict.

Dislimn

DISLIMN', v. t. dislim.' To strike out of a picture. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Dislocate

DIS'LOCATE, verb transitive [dis and locate, Latin locus, place; French disloquer; Italian dislocare.]

To displace; to put out of its proper place; particularly, to put out of joint; to disjoint; to move a bone from its socket, cavity or place of articulation.

Dislocated

DIS'LOCATED, participle passive Removed from its proper place; put out of joint.

Dislocating

DIS'LOCATING, participle of the present tense Putting out of its proper place or out of joint.

Dislocation

DISLOCA'TION, noun The act of moving from its proper place; particularly, the act of removing or forcing a bone from its socket; luxation.

Encyc.

2. The state of being displaced.

Burnet.

3. A joint displaced.

4. In geology, the displacement of parts of rocks, or portions of strata, from the situations which they originally occupied.

Cyc.

Dislodge

DISLODGE, v. t. dislodj'. [dis and lodge.] To remove or drive from a lodge or place of rest; to drive from the place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits. Shells resting in the sea at a considerable depth, are not dislodged by storms.

2. To drive from a place of retirement or retreat; as, to dislodge a coney or a deer.

3. To drive from any place of rest or habitation, or from any station; as, to dislodge the enemy from their quarters, from a hill or wall.

4. To remove an army to other quarters.

Shak.

Dislodge

DISLODGE, verb intransitive To go from a place of rest.

Milton.

Dislodged

DISLODG'ED, participle passive Driven from a lodge or place of rest; removed from a place of habitation, or from any station.

Dislodging

DISLODG'ING, participle of the present tense Driving from a lodge, from a place of rest or retreat, or from any station.

Disloyal

DISLOY'AL, adjective [dis and loyal; French deloyal; Spanish desleal.]

1. Not true to allegiance; false to a sovereign; faithless; as a disloyal subject.

2. False; perfidious; treacherous; as a disloyal knave.

Shak.

3. Not true to the marriage-bed.

Shak.

4. False in love; not constant.

Johnson.

Disloyally

DISLOY'ALLY, adverb In a disloyal manner; with violation of faith or duty to a sovereign; faithlessly; perfidiously.

Disloyalty

DISLOY'ALTY, noun Want of fidelity to a sovereign; violation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign authority.

2. Want of fidelity in love.

Shak.

Dismal

DIS'MAL, a. s as z. [I am not satisfied with the etymologies of this word which I have seen.] Dark; gloomy; as a dismal shade.

2. Sorrowful; dire; horrid; melancholy; calamitous; unfortunate; as a dismal accident; dismal effects.

Milton.

2. Frightful; horrible; as a dismal scream.

Dismally

DIS'MALLY, adverb Gloomily; horribly; sorrowfully; uncomfortably.

Dismalness

DIS'MALNESS, noun Gloominess; horror.

Dismantle

DISMAN'TLE, verb transitive [dis and mantle; French demanteler.]

1. To deprive of dress; to strip; to divest.

South.

2. To loose; to throw open.

Shak.

3. More generally, to deprive or strip of apparatus, or furniture; to unrig; as, to dismantle a ship.

4. To deprive or strip of military furniture; as, to dismantle a fortress.

5. To deprive of outworks or forts; as, to dismantle a town.

6. To break down; as, his nose dismantled.

Dryden.

Dismantled

DISMAN'TLED, participle passive Divested; stripped of furniture; unrigged.

Dismantling

DISMAN'TLING, participle of the present tense Stripping of dress; depriving of apparatus or furniture.

Dismask

DISM`ASK, verb transitive [dis and mask; French demasquer.]

To strip off a mask; to uncover; to remove that which conceals.

Shak. Wotton.

Dismasked

DISM`ASKED, participle passive Divested of a mask; stripped of covering or disguise; uncovered.

Dismasking

DISM`ASKING, participle of the present tense Stripping of a mask or covering.

Dismast

DISM'AST, verb transitive [dis and mast; French demÃƒ-¢ter.]

To deprive of a mast or masts; to break and carry away the masts from; as, a storm dismasted the ship.

Dismasted

DISM`ASTED, participle passive Deprived of a mast or masts.

Dismasting

DISM'ASTING, participle of the present tense Stripping of masts.

Dismastment

DISM'ASTMENT, noun The act of dismasting; the state of being dismasted.

Marshall.

Dismay

DISMA'Y, verb transitive [Spanish desmayar; Portugese desmaiar; probably formed by des and the Teutonic magan, to be strong or able. The sense then is to deprive of strength. Spanish desmayarse, to faint; Italian smagarsi, to despond.]

To deprive of that strength or firmness of mind which constitutes courage; to discourage; to dishearten; to sink or depress the spirits or resolution; hence, to affright or terrify.

Be strong, and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed. Joshua 1.

Dismay

DISMA'Y, noun [Spanish desmayo, Portugese desmaio, a swoon or fainting fit.]

Fall or loss of courage; a sinking of the spirits; depression; dejection; a yielding to fear; that loss of firmness which is effected by fear or terror; fear impressed; terror felt.

And each

In other's countenance read his own dismay.

Milton.

Dismayed

DISMA'YED, participle passive Disheartened; deprived of courage.

Dismayedness

DISMA'YEDNESS, noun A state of being dismayed; dejection of courage; dispiritedness. [A useless word, and not used.]

Sidney.

Dismaying

DISMA'YING, participle of the present tense Depriving of courage.

Disme

DISME, or DIME, noun [French.] A tenth part; a tithe.

Ayliffe.

Dismember

DISMEM'BER, verb transitive [dis and member.] To divide limb from limb; to separate a member from the body; to tear or cut in pieces; to dilacerate; to mutilate.

Fowls obscene dismembered his remains.

Pope.

2. To separate a part from the main body; to divide; to sever; as, to dismember an empire, kingdom or republic. Poland was dismembered by the neighboring powers.

Dismembered

DISMEM'BERED, participle passive Divided member from member; torn or cut in pieces; divided by the separation of a part from the main body.

Dismembering

DISMEM'BERING, participle of the present tense Separating a limb or limbs from the body; dividing by taking a part or parts from the body.

Dismembering

DISMEM'BERING, noun Mutilation.

Blackstone.

Dismemberment

DISMEM'BERMENT, noun The act of severing a limb or limbs from the body; the act of tearing or cutting in pieces; mutilation; the act of severing a part from the main body; division; separation.

He pointed out the danger of a dismemberment of the republic.

Hist. of Poland. Encyc.

Dismettled

DISMET'TLED, adjective Destitute of fire or spirit. [Not much used.]

Llewellyn.

Dismiss

DISMISS', verb transitive [Latin dismissus, dimitto; di, dis, and mitto, to send; French demettre.]

1. To send away; properly, to give leave of departure; to permit to depart; implying authority in a person to retain or keep. The town clerk dismissed the assembly.

Acts.

2. To discard; to remove from office, service or employment. The king dismisses his ministers; the master dismisses his servant; and the employer, his workmen. Officers are dismissed from service, and students from college.

3. To send; to dispatch.

He dismissed embassadors from Pekin to Tooshoo Loomboo. [Improper.]

Encyc.

4. To send or remove from a docket; to discontinue; as, to dismiss a bill in chancery.

Dismiss

DISMISS', noun Discharge; dismission. [Not used.]

Dismissal

DISMISS'AL, noun Dismission.

Dismissed

DISMISS'ED, participle passive Sent away; permitted to depart; removed from office or employment.

Dismissing

DISMISS'ING, participle of the present tense Sending away; giving leave to depart; removing from office or service.

Dismission

DISMIS'SION, noun [Latin dimissio.] The act of sending away; leave to depart; as the dismission of the grand jury.

2. Removal from office or employment; discharge, either with honor or disgrace.

3. An act requiring departure. [Not usual.]

Shak.

4. Removal of a suit in equity.

Dismissive

DISMISS'IVE, adjective Giving dismission.

Dismortgage

DISMORT'GAGE, v. t. dismor'gage. To redeem from mortgage.

Howell.

Dismount

DISMOUNT', verb intransitive [dis and mount; French demonter; Spanish desmontar; Italian smontare.]

1. To alight from a horse; to descend or get off, as a rider from a beast; as, the officer ordered his troops to dismount.

2. To descend from an elevation.

Spenser.

Dismount

DISMOUNT', verb transitive To throw or remove from a horse; to unhorse; as, the soldier dismounted his adversary.

2. To throw or bring down from any elevation.

Sackville.

3. To throw or remove cannon or other artillery from their carriages; or to break the carriages or wheels, and render guns useless.

Dismounted

DISMOUNT'ED, participle passive Thrown from a horse, or from an elevation; unhorsed, or removed from horses by order; as dismounted troops. Applied to horses, it signifies unfit for service.

2. Thrown or removed from carriages.

Dismounting

DISMOUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing from a horse; unhorsing; removing from an elevation; throwing or removing from carriages.

Disnaturalize

DISNAT'URALIZE, verb transitive To make alien; to deprive of the privileges of birth.

Disnatured

DISNA'TURED, adjective Deprived or destitute of natural feelings; unnatural.

Shak.

Disobedience

DISOBE'DIENCE, noun [dis and obedience.] Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or prohibition; the omission of that which is commanded to be done, or the doing of that which is forbid; breach of duty prescribed by authority.

By one man's disobedience, many were made sinners. Romans 5.

2. Non-compliance.

This disobedience of the moon.

Blackmore.

Disobedient

DISOBE'DIENT, adjective Neglecting or refusing to obey; omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is prohibited; refractory; not observant of duty or rules prescribed by authority; as children disobedient to parents; citizens disobedient to the laws.

I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision. Acts 26.

2. Not yielding to exciting force or power.

Medicines used unnecessarily contribute to shorten life, by sooner rendering peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli.

Darwin.

Disobey

DISOBEY', verb transitive [dis and obey.] To neglect or refuse to obey; to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to do what is forbid; to transgress or violate an order or injunction. Refractory children disobey their parents; men disobey their maker and the laws; and we all disobey the precepts of the gospel. [The word is applicable both to the command and to the person commanding.]

Disobeyed

DISOBEY'ED, participle passive Not obeyed; neglected; transgressed.

Disobeying

DISOBEY'ING, participle of the present tense Omitting or refusing to obey; violating; transgressing, as authority or law.

Disobligation

DISOBLIGA'TION, noun [dis and obligation.] The act of disobliging; an offense; cause of disgust.

Clarendon.

Disobligatory

DISOB'LIGATORY, adjective Releasing obligation.

K. Charles.

Disoblige

DISOBLI'GE, verb transitive [dis and oblige.] To do an act which contravenes the will or desires of another; to offend by an act of unkindness or incivility; to injure in a slight degree; a term by which offense is tenderly expressed.

My plan has given offense to some gentlemen, whom it would not be very safe to disoblige.

Addison.

2. To release from obligation. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Disobliged

DISOBLI'GED, participle passive Offended; slightly injured.

Disobliger

DISOBLI'GER, noun One who disobliges.

Disobliging

DISOBLI'GING, participle of the present tense Offending; contravening the wishes of; injuring slightly.

2. adjective Not obliging; not disposed to gratify the wishes of another; not disposed to please; unkind; offensive; unpleasing; unaccommodating; as a disobliging coachman.

Disobligingly

DISOBLI'GINGLY, adverb In a disobliging manner; offensively.

Disobligingness

DISOBLI'GINGNESS, noun Offensiveness; disposition to displease, or want of readiness to please.

Disopinion

DISOPIN'ION, noun Difference of opinion. [A bad word and not used.]

Bp. Reynolds.

Disorbed

DISORB'ED, adjective [dis and orb.] Thrown out of the proper orbit; as a star disorbed.

Shak.

Disorder

DISOR'DER, noun [dis and order; French desordre; Spanish desorden; Italiandisordine.]

1. Want of order or regular disposition; irregularity; immethodical distribution; confusion; a word of general application; as, the troops were thrown into disorder; the papers are in disorder.

2. Tumult; disturbance of the peace of society; as, the city is sometimes troubled with the disorders of its citizens.

3. Neglect of rule; irregularity.

From vulgar bounds with brave disorder part,

And snatch a grace beyond the reach of art.

Pope.

4. Breach of laws; violation of standing rules, or institutions.

5. Irregularity, disturbance or interruption of the functions of the animal economy; disease; distemper; sickness. [See Disease.] Disorder however is more frequently used to express a slight disease.

6. Discomposure of the mind; turbulence of passions.

7. Irregularity in the functions of the brain; derangement of the intellect or reason.

Disorder

DISOR'DER, verb transitive To break order; to derange; to disturb any regular disposition or arrangement of things; to put out of method; to throw into confusion; to confuse; applicable to every thing susceptible of order.

2. To disturb or interrupt the natural functions of the animal economy; to produce sickness or indisposition; as, to disorder the head or stomach.

3. To discompose or disturb the mind; to ruffle.

4. To disturb the regular operations of reason; to derange; as, the man's reason is disordered.

5. To depose from holy orders. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Disordered

DISOR'DERED, participle passive Put out of order; deranged; disturbed; discomposed; confused; sick; indisposed.

Disordered

DISOR'DERED, adjective Disorderly; irregular; vicious; loose; unrestrained in behavior.

Shak.

Disorderedness

DISOR'DEREDNESS, noun A state of disorder or irregularity; confusion.

Disorderly

DISOR'DERLY, adjective Confused; immethodical; irregular; being without proper order or disposition; as, the books and papers are in a disorderly state.

2. Tumultuous; irregular; as the disorderly motions of the spirits.

3. Lawless; contrary to law; violating or disposed to violate law and good order; as disorderly people; disorderly assemblies.

4. Inclined to break loose from restraint; unruly; as disorderly cattle.

Disorderly

DISOR'DERLY, adverb Without order, rule or method; irregularly; confusedly; in a disorderly manner.

Savages fighting disorderly with stones.

Raleigh.

2. In a manner violating law and good order; in a manner contrary to rules or established institutions.

Withdraw from every brother that walketh disorderly. 2 Thessalonians 3.

Disordinate

DISOR'DINATE, adjective Disorderly; living irregularly.

Milton.

Disordinately

DISOR'DINATELY, adverb Inordinately; irregularly; viciously.

Disorganization

DISORGANIZA'TION, noun [See Disorganize.] The act of disorganizing; the act of destroying organic structure, or connected system; the act of destroying order.

2. The state of being disorganized. We speak of the disorganization of the body, or of government, or of society, or of an army.

Disorganize

DISOR'GANIZE, verb transitive [dis and organize. See Organ.] To break or destroy organic structure or connected system; to dissolve regular system or union of parts; as, to disorganize a government or society; to disorganize an army.

Every account of the settlement of Plymouth mentions the conduct of Lyford, who attempted to disorganize the church.

Eliot's Biog. Dict.

Disorganized

DISOR'GANIZED, participle passive Reduced to disorder; being in a confused state.

Disorganizer

DISOR'GANIZER, noun One who disorganizes; one who destroys or attempts to interrupt regular order or system; one who introduces disorder and confusion.

Disorganizing

DISOR'GANIZING, participle of the present tense Destroying regular and connected system; throwing into confusion.

2. adjective Disposed or tending to disorganize; as a disorganizing spirit.

Disown

DISOWN, verb transitive [dis and own.] To deny; not to own; to refuse to acknowledge as belonging to one's self. A parent can hardly disown his child. An author will sometimes disown his writings.

2. To deny; not to allow.

To disown a brother's better claim.

Dryden.

Disowned

DISOWNED, participle passive Not owned; not acknowledged as one's own; denied; disallowed.

Disowning

DISOWNING, participle of the present tense Not owning; denying; disallowing.

Disoxydate

DISOX'YDATE, verb transitive [dis and oxydate.] To reduce from oxydation; to reduce from the state of an oxyd, by disengaging oxygen from a substance; as, to disoxydate iron or copper.

Disoxydated

DISOX'YDATED, participle passive Reduced from the state of an oxyd.

Disoxydating

DISOX'YDATING, participle of the present tense Reducing from the state of an oxyd.

Disoxydation

DISOXYDA'TION, noun The act or process of freeing from oxygen and reducing from the state of an oxyd.

Med. Repos.

[This word seems to be preferable to deoxydate.]

Disoxygenate

DISOX'YGENATE, verb transitive [dis and oxygenate.] To deprive of oxygen.

Disoxygenated

DISOX'YGENATED, participle passive Freed from oxygen.

Disoxygenating

DISOXYGENATING, participle of the present tense Freeing from oxygen.

Disoxygenation

DISOXYGENA'TION, noun The act or process of separating oxygen from any substance containing it.

Dispace

DISPA'CE, verb intransitive [dis and spatior, Latin] To range about. obsolete

Spenser.

Dispair

DISPA'IR, verb transitive [dis and pair.] To separate a pair or couple.

Beaum.

Dispand

DISPAND', verb transitive [Latin dispando.] To display. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Dispansion

DISPAN'SION, noun The act of spreading or displaying. [Not in use.]

Disparadised

DISPAR'ADISED, adjective [dis and paradise.] Removed from paradise.

Disparage

DISPAR'AGE, verb transitive [Norm. desperager; des, dis, and parage, from peer, par, equal.]

1. To marry one to another of inferior condition or rank; to dishonor by an unequal match or marriage, against the rules of decency.

2. To match unequally; to injure or dishonor by union with something of inferior excellence.

Johnson.

3. To injure or dishonor by a comparison with something of less value or excellence.

4. To treat with contempt; to undervalue; to lower in rank or estimation; to vilify; to bring reproach on; to reproach; to debase by words or actions; to dishonor.

Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms.

Milton.

Disparaged

DISPAR'AGED, participle passive Married to one beneath his or her condition; unequally matched; dishonored or injured by comparison with something inferior; undervalued; vilified; debased; reproached.

Disparagement

DISPAR'AGEMENT, noun The matching of a man or woman to one of inferior rank or condition, and against the rules of decency.

Encyc. Cowel.

2. Injury by union or comparison with something of inferior excellence.

Johnson.

3. Diminution of value or excellence; reproach; disgrace; indignity; dishonor; followed by to.

It ought to be no disparagement to a star that it is not the sun.

South.

To be a humble christian is no disparagement to a prince, or a nobleman.

Anon.

Disparager

DISPAR'AGER, noun One who disparages or dishonors; one who vilifies or disgraces.

Disparaging

DISPAR'AGING, participle of the present tense Marrying one to another of inferior condition; dishonoring by an unequal union or comparison; disgracing; dishonoring.

Disparagingly

DISPAR'AGINGLY, adverb In a manner to disparage or dishonor.

Disparate

DIS'PARATE, adjective [Latin disparata, things unlike; dispar; dis and par, equal.] Unequal; unlike; dissimilar.

Robison.

Disparates

DIS'PARATES, n. plu. Things so unequal or unlike that they cannot be compared with each other.

Johnson.

Disparity

DISPAR'ITY, noun [French disparitÃƒ-©; Spanish disparidad; Italian disparitÃƒ- ; from Latin dispar, unequal; dis and par, equal.]

1. Irregularity; difference in degree, in age, rank, condition or excellence; as a disparity of years or of age; disparity of condition or circumstances: followed by of or in. We say, disparity in or of years.

2. Dissimilitude; unlikeness.

Dispark

DISP`ARK, verb transitive [dis and park.] To throw open a park; to lay open.

Shak.

2. To set at large; to release from inclosure or confinement.

Waller.

Dispart

DISP`ART, verb transitive [dis and part; French departir; Latin dispartior. See Part. Dis and part both imply separation.]

To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to burst; to rend; to rive or split; as disparted air; disparted towers; disparted chaos. [An elegant poetic word.]

Milton.

Dispart

DISP`ART, verb intransitive To separate; to open; to cleave.

Dispart

DISP`ART, noun In gunnery, the thickness of the metal of a piece of ordinance at the mouth and britch.

Bailey.

Dispart

DISP`ART, verb transitive In gunnery, to set a mark on the muzzle-ring of a piece of ordnance, so that a sight-line from the top of the base-ring to the mark on or near the muzzle may be parallel to the axis of the bore or hollow cylinder.

Encyc.

Disparted

DISP`ARTED, participle passive Divided; separated; parted; rent asunder.

Disparting

DISP`ARTING, participle of the present tense Severing; dividing; bursting; cleaving.

Dispassion

DISPAS'SION, noun [dis and passion.] Freedom from passion; an undisturbed state of the mind; apathy.

Temple

Dispassionate

DISPAS'SIONATE, adjective Free from passion; calm; composed; impartial; moderate; temperate; unmoved by feeling; applied to persons; as dispassionate men or judges.

2. Not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias; impartial; applied to things; as dispassionate proceedings.

Dispassionately

DISPAS'SIONATELY, adverb Without passion; calmly; coolly.

Dispatch

DISPATCH', verb transitive [French depÃƒ-ªcher; Spanish despachar; Portugese id.; Italian dispacciare; Armoric dibech, disbachat. In Italian spacciare signifies to sell, put off, speed, dispatch; spaccio, sale, vent, dispatch, expedition. This word belongs to Class Bg, and the primary sense is to send, throw, thrust, drive, and this is the sense of pack, Latin pango, pactus. Hence our vulgar phrases, to pack off, and to budge. The same word occurs in impeach.]

1. To send or send away; particularly applied to the sending of messengers, agents and letters on special business, and often implying haste. The king dispatched an envoy to the court of Madrid. He dispatched a messenger to his envoy in France. He dispatched orders or letters to the commander of the forces in Spain. The president dispatched a special envoy to the court of St.James 1n 1794.

2. To send out of the world; to put to death.

The company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords. Ezekiel 23.

3. To perform; to execute speedily; to finish; as, the business was dispatched in due time.

Dispatch

DISPATCH', verb intransitive To conclude an affair with another; to transact and finish. [Not now used.]

They have dispatched with Pompey.

Shak.

Dispatch

DISPATCH', noun Speedy performance; ex- ecution or transaction of business with due diligence.

Bacon.

2. Speed; haste; expedition; due diligence; as, the business was done with dispatch; go, but make dispatch.

3. Conduct; management. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. A letter sent or to be sent with expedition, by a messenger express; or a letter on some affair of state, or of public concern; or a packet of letters, sent by some public officer, on public business. It is often used in the plural. A vessel or a messenger has arrived with dispatches for the American minister. A dispatch was immediately sent to the admiral. The secretary was preparing his dispatches.

Dispatched

DISPATCH'ED, participle passive Sent with haste or by a courier express; sent out of the world; put to death; performed; finished.

Dispatcher

DISPATCH'ER, noun One that dispatches; one that kills.

2. One that sends on a special errand.

Dispatchful

DISPATCH'FUL, adjective Bent on haste; indicating haste; intent on speedy execution of business; as dispatchful looks.

Milton.

Dispatching

DISPATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Sending away in haste; putting to death; executing; finishing.

Dispauper

DISPAU'PER, verb transitive [dis and pauper.] To deprive of the claim of a pauper to public support, or of the capacity of suing in forma pauperis; to reduce back from the state of a pauper.

A man is dispaupered, when he has lands fallen to him or property given him.

Encyc.

Dispel

DISPEL', verb transitive [Latin dispello; dis and pello, to drive, Greek. See Appeal, Peal, Pulse and Bawl.]

To scatter by driving or force; to disperse; to dissipate; to banish; as, to dispel vapors; to dispel darkness or gloom; to dispel fears; to dispel cares or sorrows; to dispel doubts.

Dispelled

DISPEL'LED, participle passive Driven away; scattered; dissipated.

Dispelling

DISPEL'LING, participle of the present tense Driving away; dispersing; scattering.

Dispend

DISPEND', verb transitive [Latin dispendo; dis and pendo, to weigh.]

To spend; to lay out; to consume. [See Expend, which is generally used.]

Spenser.

Dispender

DISPEND'ER, noun One that distributes.

Dispensable

DISPENS'ABLE, adjective That may be dispensed with.

More.

Dispensableness

DISPENS'ABLENESS, noun The capability of being dispensed with.

Hammond.

Dispensary

DISPENS'ARY, noun A house, place or store, in which medicines are dispensed to the poor, and medical advice given, gratis.

Dispensation

DISPENSA'TION, noun [Latin dispensatio. See Dispense.]

1. Distribution; the act of dealing out to different persons or places; as the dispensation of water indifferently to all parts of the earth.

Woodward.

2. The dealing of God to his creatures; the distribution of good and evil, natural or moral, in the divine government.

Neither are God's methods or intentions different in his dispensations to each private man.

Rogers.

3. The granting of a license, or the license itself, to do what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit something which is commanded; that is, the dispensing with a law or canon, or the exemption of a particular person from the obligation to comply with its injunctions. The pope has power to dispense with the canons of the church, but has no right to grant dispensations to the injury of a third person.

A dispensation was obtained to enable Dr. Barrow to marry.

Ward.

4. That which is dispensed or bestowed; a system of principles and rites enjoined; as the Mosaic dispensation; the gospel dispensation; including, the former the Levitical law and rites; the latter the scheme of redemption by Christ.

Dispensative

DISPENS'ATIVE, adjective Granting dispensation.

Dispensatively

DISPENS'ATIVELY, adverb By dispensation.

Wotton.

Dispensator

DISPENSA'TOR, noun [Latin] One whose employment is to deal out or distribute; a distributor; a dispenser: the latter word is generally used.

Dispensatory

DISPENS'ATORY, adjective Having power to grant dispensations.

Dispensatory

DISPENS'ATORY, noun A book containing the method of preparing the various kinds of medicines used in pharmacy, or containing directions for the composition of medicines, with the proportions of the ingredients, and the methods of preparing them.

Dispense

DISPENSE, v. t. dispens'. [French dispenser; Spanish dispensar; Italian dispensare; from Latin dispenso; dis and penso, from pendo, to weigh, primarily to move; and perhaps the original idea of expending was to weigh off, or to distribute by weight.]

1. To deal or divide out in parts or portions; to distribute. The steward dispenses provisions to every man, according to his directions. The society dispenses medicines to the poor gratuitously or at first cost. God dispenses his favors according to his good pleasure.

2. To administer; to apply, as laws to particular cases; to distribute justice.

While you dispense the laws and guide the state.

Dryden.

To dispense with, to permit not to take effect; to neglect or pass by; to suspend the operation or application of something required, established or customary; as, to dispense with the law, in favor of a friend; I cannot dispense with the conditions of the covenant. So we say, to dispense with oaths; to dispense with forms and ceremonies.

2. To excuse from; to give leave not to do or observe what is required or commanded. The court will dispense with your attendance, or with your compliance.

3. To permit the want of a thing which is useful or convenient; or in the vulgar phrase, to do without. I can dispense with your services. I can dispense with my cloke. In this application, the phrase has an allusion to the requisitions of law or necessity; the thing dispensed with being supposed, in some degree, necessary or required.

I could not dispense with myself from making a voyage to Caprea. [Not to be imitated.]

Addison.

Canst thou dispense with heaven for such an oath? [Not legitimate.]

Shak.

Dispense

DISPENSE, n. dispens'. Dispensation. [Not used.]

Milton.

2. Expense; profusion. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Dispensed

DISPENS'ED, participle passive Distributed; administered.

Dispenser

DISPENS'ER, noun One who dispenses; one who distributes; one who administers; as a dispenser of favors or of the laws.

Dispensing

DISPENS'ING, participle of the present tense Distributing; administering.

2. adjective That may dispense with; granting dispensation; that may grant license to omit what is required by law, or to do what the law forbids; as a dispensing power.

Dispeople

DISPEOPLE, verb transitive [dis and people.] To depopulate; to empty of inhabitants, as by destruction, expulsion or other means.

Milton. Pope.

Dispeopled

DISPEOPLED, participle passive Depopulated; deprived of inhabitants.

Dispeopler

DISPEOPLER, noun One who depopulates; a depopulator; that which deprives of inhabitants.

Dispeopling

DISPEOPLING, participle of the present tense Depopulating.

Disperge

DISPERGE, verb transitive disperj'. [Latin dispergo.] To sprinkle. [Not in use.]

Dispermous

DISPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, and, seed.] In botany, two-seeded; containing two seeds only; as, umbellate and stellate plants are dispermous.

Disperse

DISPERS'E, verb transitive dispers'. [Latin dispersus, from dispergo; di, dis, and spargo, to scatter; French disperser.]

1. To scatter; to drive asunder; to cause to separate into different parts; as, the Jews are dispersed among all nations.

2. To diffuse; to spread.

The lips of the wise disperse knowledge. Proverbs 15.

3. To dissipate; as, the fog or the cloud is dispersed.

4. To distribute.

Bacon.

Disperse

DISPERSE, v. i. dispers'. To be scattered; to separate; to go or move into different parts; as, the company dispersed at ten o'clock.

2. To be scattered; to vanish; as fog or vapors.

Dispersed

DISPERS'ED, participle passive Scattered; driven apart; diffused; dissipated.

Dispersedly

DISPERS'EDLY, adverb In a dispersed manner; separately.

Hooker.

Dispersedness

DISPERS'EDNESS, noun The state of being dispersed or scattered.

Disperseness

DISPERSENESS, noun dispers'ness. Thinness; a scattered state. [Little used.]

Brerewood.

Disperser

DISPERS'ER, noun One who disperses; as the disperser of libels.

Spectator.

Dispersing

DISPERS'ING, participle of the present tense Scattering; dissipating.

Dispersion

DISPER'SION, noun The act of scattering.

2. The state of being scattered, or separated into remote parts; as, the Jews, in their dispersion, retain their rites and ceremonies.

3. By way of eminence, the scattering or separation of the human family, at the building of Babel.

4. In optics, the divergency of the rays of light, or rather the separation of the different colored rays, in refraction, arising from their different refrangibilities.

The point of dispersion, is the point where refracted rays begin to diverge.

5. In medicine and surgery, the removing of inflammation from a part, and restoring it to its natural state.

Dispersive

DISPERS'IVE, adjective Tending to scatter or dissipate.

Green.

Dispirit

DISPIR'IT, verb transitive [dis and spirit.] To depress the spirits; to deprive of courage; to discourage; to dishearten; to deject; to cast down. We may be dispirited by afflictions, by obstacles to success, by poverty, and by fear. When fear is the cause, dispirit is nearly equivalent to intimidate or terrify.

2. To exhaust the spirits or vigor of the body. [Not usual.]

Collier.

Dispirited

DISPIR'ITED, participle passive Discouraged; depressed in spirits; dejected; intimidated.

Dispiritedness

DISPIR'ITEDNESS, noun Want of courage; depression of spirits.

Dispiriting

DISPIR'ITING, participle of the present tense Discouraging; disheartening; dejecting; intimidating.

Dispiteous

DISPIT'EOUS, adjective Having no pity; cruel; furious. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Displace

DISPLA'CE, verb transitive [dis and place; French deplacer; Armoric diblaÃƒ-§za.]

1. To put out of the usual or proper place; to remove from its place; as, the books in the library are all displaced.

2. To remove from any state, condition, office or dignity; as, to displace an officer of the revenue.

3. To disorder.

You have displaced the mirth.

Shak.

Displaced

DISPLA'CED, participle passive Removed from the proper place; deranged; disordered; removed from an office or state.

Displacement

DISPLA'CEMENT, noun [French deplacement.] The act of displacing; the act of removing from the usual or proper place, or from a state, condition or office.

The displacement of the centers of the circles.

Asiat. Researches. v. 185.

Unnecessary displacement of funds.

Hamilton's Rep. ii.

Displacency

DISPLA'CENCY, noun [Latin displicentia, from displiceo, to displease; dis and placeo, to please.]

Incivility; that which displeases or disobliges.

Decay of Piety.

Displacing

DISPLA'CING, participle of the present tense Putting out of the usual or proper place; removing from an office, state or condition.

Displant

DISPLANT', verb transitive [dis and plant.] To pluck up or to remove a plant.

2. To drive away or remove from the usual place of residence; as, to displant the people of a country.

Bacon.

3. To strip of inhabitants; as, to displant a country.

Spenser.

Displantation

DISPLANTA'TION, noun The removal of a plant.

2. The removal of inhabitants or resident people.

Raleigh.

Displanted

DISPLANT'ED, participle passive Removed from the place where it grew, as a plant.

2. Removed from the place of residence; applied to persons.

3. Deprived of inhabitants; applied to a country.

Displanting

DISPLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Removing, as a plant.

Displanting

DISPLANT'ING, noun Removal from a fixed place.

Displat

DISPLAT', verb transitive [dis and plat.] To untwist; to uncurl.

Hakewill.

Display

DISPLA'Y, verb transitive [French deployer, and deploy is the same word. It is a different orthog raphy of deplier, to unfold; Armoric displega; Spanish desplegar; Italian spiegare; dis and French plier, Spanish plegar, Italian piegare, to fold; Latin plico, Welsh plygu, Greek; and, to unfold, may be from the same root.]

1. Literally, to unfold; hence, to open; to spread wide; to expand.

The northern wind his wings did broad display.

Spenser.

2. To spread before the view; to show; to exhibit to the eyes, or to the mind; to make manifest. The works of nature display the power and wisdom of the Supreme Being. Christian charity displays the effects of true piety. A dress, simple and elegant, displays female taste and beauty to advantage.

3. To carve; to dissect and open.

He carves, displays, and cuts up to a wonder.

Spectator.

4. To set to view ostentatiously.

Shak.

5. To discover. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

6. To open; to unlock. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Display

DISPLA'Y, verb intransitive To talk without restraint; to make a great show of words.

Shak.

Display

DISPLA'Y, noun An opening or unfolding; an exhibition of any thing to the view.

2. Show; exhibition; as, they make a great display of troops; a great display of magnificence.

Displayed

DISPLA'YED, participle passive Unfolded; opened; spread; expanded; exhibited to view; manifested.

Displayer

DISPLA'YER, noun He or that which displays.

Displaying

DISPLA'YING, participle of the present tense Unfolding; spreading; exhibiting; manifesting.

Displeasance

DISPLE'ASANCE, noun [French deplaisance.] Anger; discontent. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Displeasant

DISPLEAS'ANT, adjective displez'ant. [See Displease.]

Unpleasing; offensive; unpleasant. [The latter word is generally used.]

Displease

DISPLE'ASE, verb transitive disple'ze. [dis and please.]

1. To offend; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree. It usually expresses less than anger, vex, irritate and provoke. Applied to the Almighty in scripture, it may be considered as equivalent to anger.

God was displeased with this thing; therefore he smote Israel. 1 Chronicles 21.

2. To disgust; to excite aversion in; as, acrid and rancid substances displease the taste.

3. To offend; to be disagreeable to. A distorted figure displeases the eye.

Displeased

DISPLE'ASED, participle passive Offended; disgusted.

Displeasedness

DISPLE'ASEDNESS, noun Displeasure; uneasiness.

Mountague.

Displeasing

DISPLE'ASING, ppr or adjective Offensive to the eye, to the mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disgusting; disagreeable.

Displeasingness

DISPLE'ASINGNESS, noun Offensiveness; the quality of giving some degree of disgust.

Displeasure

DISPLEAS'URE, noun displezh'ur. Some irritation or uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing that counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice and a sense of propriety. A man incurs the displeasure of another by thwarting his views or schemes; a servant incurs the displeasure of his master by neglect or disobedience; we experience displeasure at any violation of right or decorum. Displeasure is anger, but it may be slight anger. It implies disapprobation or hatred, and usually expresses less than vexation and indignation. Thus, slighter offenses give displeasure, although they may not excite a violent passion.

2. Offense; cause of irritation.

Now shall I be more blameless than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure. Judges 15.

3. State of disgrace or disfavor.

He went into Poland, being in displeasure with the pope for overmuch familiarity.

Peacham.

Displeasure

DISPLEAS'URE, verb transitive To displease. [An unnecessary word, and not used.]

Bacon.

Displicence

DIS'PLICENCE, noun [Latin displicentia.] Dislike. [Not in use.]

Mountague.

Displode

DISPLO'DE, verb transitive [Latin displodo; dis and plaudo, to break forth.]

To vent, discharge or burst with a violent sound.

In posture to displode their second tire

Of thunder.

Milton.

Displode

DISPLO'DE, verb intransitive To burst with a loud report; to explode; as, a meteor disploded with a tremendous sound.

Disploded

DISPLO'DED, participle passive Discharged with a loud report.

Disploding

DISPLO'DING, participle of the present tense Discharging or bursting with a loud report.

Displosion

DISPLO'SION, noun s as z. The act of disploding; sudden bursting with a loud report; an explosion.

Displosive

DISPLO'SIVE, adjective Noting displosion.

Displume

DISPLU'ME, verb transitive [dis and plume.] To strip or deprive of plumes or feathers; to strip of badges of honor.

Burke.

Displumed

DISPLU'MED, participle passive Stripped of plumes.

Displuming

DISPLU'MING, participle of the present tense Depriving of plumes.

Dispondee

DISPON'DEE, noun In Greek and Latin poetry, a double spondee, consisting of four long syllables.

Encyc.

Disport

DISPO'RT, noun [dis and sport.] Play; sport; pastime; diversion; amusement; merriment.

Milton. Hayward.

Disport

DISPO'RT, verb intransitive To play; to wanton; to move lightly and without restraint; to move in gayety; as lambs disporting on the mead.

Where light disports in ever mingling dyes.

Pope.

Disport

DISPO'RT, verb transitive To divert or amuse; as, he disports himself.

Shak.

Disporting

DISPO'RTING, participle of the present tense Playing; wantoning.

Disposable

DISPO'SABLE, adjective [See Dispose.] Subject to disposal; not previously engaged or employed; free to be used or employed as occasion may require.

The whole disposable force consisted in a regiment of light infantry, and a troop of cavalry.

Disposal

DISPO'SAL, noun [See Dispose.] The act of disposing; a setting or arranging.

This object was effected by the disposal of the troops in two lines.

2. Regulation, order or arrangement of things, in the moral government of God; dispensation.

Tax not divine disposal.

Milton.

3. Power of ordering, arranging or distributing; government; management; as, an agent is appointed, and every thing is left to his disposal. The effects in my hands are entirely at my disposal.

4. Power or right of bestowing. Certain offices are at the disposal of the president. The father has the disposal of his daughter in marriage.

5. The passing into a new state or into new hands.

Dispose

DISPO'SE, verb transitive dispo'ze. [French disposer; dis and poser, to place; Armoric disposi; Latin dispositus, dispono. But the Latin posui, positus, is probably from a different root from pono, and coinciding with put, with a dialectical change of the last articulation. Pono belongs to Class Bn, and posui, to Class Bs or Bd. The literal sense is to set apart.]

1. To set; to place or distribute; to arrange; used with reference to order. The ships were disposed in the form of a crescent. The general disposed his troops in three lines. The trees are disposed in the form of a quincunx.

2. To regulate; to adjust; to set in right order. Job 34 and 37.

The knightly forms of combat to dispose.

Dryden.

3. To apply to a particular purpose; to give; to place; to bestow; as, you have disposed much in works of public piety. In this sense, to dispose of is more generally used.

4. To set, place or turn to a particular end or consequence.

Endure and conquer; Jove will soon dispose

To future good our past and present woes.

Dryden.

5. To adapt; to form for any purpose.

Then must thou thee dispose another way.

Hubberd's Tale.

6. To set the mind in a particular frame; to incline. Avarice disposes men to fraud and oppression.

Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny, husbands to jealousy, and wise men to irresolution and melancholy.

Bacon.

He was disposed to pass into Achaia. Acts 18:1 Corinthians 10:27.

To dispose of, to part with; to alienate; as, the man has disposed of his house, and removed.

2. To part with to another; to put into another's hand or power; to bestow; as, the father has disposed of his daughter to a man of great worth.

3. To give away or transfer by authority.

A rural judge disposed of beauty's prize.

Waller.

4. To direct the course of a thing. Proverbs 16.

5. To place in any condition; as, how will you dispose of your son?

6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue; as, they know not how to dispose of themselves.

7. To use or employ; as, they know not how to dispose of their time.

8. To put away. The stream supplies more water than can be disposed of.

Dispose

DISPO'SE, verb intransitive To bargain; to make terms.

obsolete

Shak.

Dispose

DISPO'SE, noun Disposal; power of disposing; management. obsolete

Shak.

2. Dispensation; act of government. Obs.

Milton.

3. Disposition; cast of behavior. Obs.

Shak.

4. Disposition; cast of mind; inclination.

obsolete

Shak.

Disposed

DISPO'SED, participle passive Set in order; arranged; placed; adjusted; applied; bestowed; inclined.

Disposer

DISPO'SER, noun One who disposes; a distributor; a bestower; as a disposer of gifts.

2. A director; a regulator.

The Supreme Being is the rightful disposer of all events, and of all creatures.

3. That which disposes.

Prior.

Disposing

DISPO'SING, participle of the present tense Setting in order; arranging; distributing; bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing.

Disposing

DISPO'SING, noun The act of arranging; regulation; direction. Proverbs 16:33.

Disposition

DISPOSI'TION, noun [Latin dispositio.] The act of disposing, or state of being disposed.

2. Manner in which things or the parts of a complex body are placed or arranged; order; method; distribution; arrangement. We speak of the disposition of the infantry and cavalry of an army; the disposition of the trees in an orchard; the disposition of the several parts of an edifice, of the parts of a discourse, or of the figures in painting.

3. Natural fitness or tendency. The refrangibility of the rays of light is their disposition to be refracted. So we say, a disposition in plants to grow in a direction upwards; a disposition in bodies to putrefaction.

4. Temper or natural constitution of the mind; as an amiable or an irritable disposition.

5. Inclination; propensity; the temper or frame of mind, as directed to particular objects. We speak of the disposition of a person to undertake a particular work; the dispositions of men towards each other; a disposition friendly to any design.

6. Disposal; alienation; distribution; a giving away or giving over to another; as, he has made disposition of his effects; he has satisfied his friends by the judicious disposition of his property.

Dispositive

DISPOS'ITIVE, adjective That implies disposal.

[Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Dispositively

DISPOS'ITIVELY, adverb In a dispositive manner; distributively. [Not used.]

Brown.

Dispositor

DISPOS'ITOR, noun A disposer; in astrology, the planet which is lord of the sign where another planet is. [Not used.]

Dispossess

DISPOSSESS', verb transitive [dis and possess.] To put out of possession, by any means; to deprive of the actual occupancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate; to disseize.

Ye shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land, and dwell therein. Numbers 33.

Usually followed by of, before the thing taken away; as, to dispossess a king of his crown.

Dispossessed

DISPOSSESS'ED, participle passive Deprived of possession or occupancy.

Dispossessing

DISPOSSESS'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving of possession; disseizing.

Dispossession

DISPOSSES'SION, noun The act of putting out of possession.

Hall.

Disposure

DISPO'SURE, n. dispo'zhur. [See Dispose.] Disposal; the power of disposing; management; direction.

Sandys.

[The use of this word is superseded bv that of disposal.]

2. State; posture; disposition. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Dispraise

DISPRA'ISE, n. dispra'ze. [dis and praise.] Blame; censure. Be cautious not to speak in dispraise of a competitor.

2. Reproach; dishonor.

The general has seen Moors with as bad faces; no dispraise to Bertran's.

Dryden.

Dispraise

DISPRA'ISE, verb transitive To blame; to censure; to mention with disapprobation, or some degree of reproach.

I dispraised him before the wicked.

Shak.

Dispraised

DISPRA'ISED, participle passive Blamed; censured.

Dispraiser

DISPRA'ISER, noun One who blames or dispraises.

Dispraising

DISPRA'ISING, participle of the present tense Blaming; censuring.

Dispraisingly

DISPRA'ISINGLY, adverb By way of dispraise; with blame or some degree of reproach.

Dispread

DISPREAD, v. t. dispred'. [dis and spread. See Spread.]

To spread in different ways; to extend or flow in different directions.

Spenser. Pope.

Dispread

DISPREAD', v.i. To expand or be extended.

Thomson.

Dispreader

DISPREAD'ER, noun A publisher; a divulger.

Milton.

Disprize

DISPRI'ZE, verb transitive To undervalue.

Cotton.

Disprofess

DISPROFESS', verb intransitive To renounce the profession of.

Spenser.

Disprofit

DISPROF'IT, noun [dis and profit.] Loss; detriment; damage. [Little used.]

Disproof

DISPROOF', noun [dis and proof.] Confutation; refutation; a proving to be false or erroneous; as, to offer evidence in disproof of a fact, argument, principle or allegation.

Disproperty

DISPROP'ERTY, verb transitive To deprive of property; to dispossess. [Not used.]

Shak.

Disproportion

DISPROPO'RTION, noun [dis and proportion.]

1. Want of proportion of one thing to another, or between the parts of a thing; want of symmetry. We speak of the disproportion of a man's arms to his body; of the disproportion of the length of an edifice to its highth.

2. Want of proper quantity, according to rules prescribed; as, the disproportion of the ingredients in a compound.

3. Want of suitableness or adequacy; disparity; inequality; unsuitableness; as the disproportion of strength or means to an object.

Disproportion

DISPROPO'RTION, verb transitive To make unsuitable in form, size, length or quantity; to violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.

To shape my legs of an unequal size,

To disproportion me in every part.

Shak.

Disproportionable

DISPROPO'RTIONABLE, adjective Disproportional; not in proportion; unsuitable in form, size or quantity to something else: inadequate. [Note. The sense in which this word is used is generally anomalous. In its true sense, that may be made disproportional, it is rarely or never used. The regular word which ought to be used is disproportional, as used by Locke.]

Disproportionableness

DISPROPO'RTIONABLENESS, noun Want of proportion or symmetry; unsuitableness to something else.

Disproportionably

DISPROPO'RTIONABLY, adverb With want of proportion or symmetry; unsuitably to something else.

Tillotson.

Disproportional

DISPROPO'RTIONAL, adjective Not having due proportion to something else; not having proportion or symmetry of parts; unsuitable in form or quantity; unequal; inadequate. A disproportional limb constitutes deformity in the body. The studies of youth should not be disproportional to their capacities. [This is the word which ought to be used for disproportionable.]

Disproportionality

DISPROPORTIONAL'ITY, noun The state of being disproportional.

Disproportionally

DISPROPO'RTIONALLY, adverb Unsuitably with respect to form, quantity or value; inadequately; unequally.

Disproportionate

DISPROPO'RTIONATE, adjective Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else, in bulk, form or value; inadequate. In a perfect form of the body, none of the limbs are disproportionate. It is wisdom not to undertake a work with disproportionate means.

Disproportionately

DISPROPO'RTIONATELY, adverb In a disproportionate degree; unsuitably; inadequately.

Disproportionateness

DISPROPO'RTIONATENESS, noun Unsuitableness in form, bulk or value; inadequacy.

Dispropriate

DISPRO'PRIATE, verb transitive To destroy appropriation; to withdraw from an appropriate use.

Anderson.

[See Disappropriate, which is more regularly formed, and more generally used.]

DisprÃ¶Vable

DISPRÃƒ-–V'ABLE, adjective Capable of being disproved or refuted.

Boyle.

DisprÃ¶Ve

DISPRÃƒ-–VE, verb transitive [dis and prove.] To prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to disprove an assertion, a statement, an argument, a proposition.

2. To convict of the practice of error. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

3. To disallow or disapprove. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

DisprÃ¶Ved

DISPRÃƒ-–V'ED, participle passive Proved to be false or erroneous; refuted.

DisprÃ¶Ver

DISPRÃƒ-–V'ER, noun One that disproves or confutes.

DisprÃ¶Ving

DISPRÃƒ-–V'ING, participle of the present tense Proving to be false or erroneous; confuting; refuting.

Dispunge

DISPUNGE, verb transitive [dis and spunge.] To expunge; to erase; also, to discharge as from a spunge. [Ill formed and little used.]

Wotton. Shak.

Dispunishable

DISPUN'ISHABLE, adjective [dis and punishable.]

Without penal restraint; not punishable.

Swift.

Dispurse

DISPURSE, for disburse. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Dispurvey

DISPURVEY, verb transitive To unprovide. [Not in use.]

Dispurveyance

DISPURVEYANCE, noun Want of provisions.

[Not in use.]

Spenser.

Disputable

DIS'PUTABLE, adjective [See Dispute.] That may be disputed; liable to be called in question, controverted or contested; controvertible; of doubtful certainty. We speak of disputable opinions, statements, propositions, arguments, points, cases, questions, &c.

Disputant

DIS'PUTANT, noun One who disputes; one who argues in opposition to another; a controvertist; a reasoner in opposition.

Disputant

DIS'PUTANT, adjective Disputing; engaged in controversy.

Milton.

Disputation

DISPUTA'TION, noun [Latin disputatio.] The act of disputing; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to something, or on opposite sides; controversy in words; verbal contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, proposition or argument.

2. An exercise in colleges, in which parties reason in opposition to each other, on some question proposed.

Disputatious

DISPUTA'TIOUS, adjective Inclined to dispute; apt to cavil or controvert; as a disputatious person or temper.

The christian doctrine of a future life was no recommendation of the new religion to the wits and philosophers of that disputatious period.

Buckminster.

Disputative

DISPU'TATIVE, adjective Disposed to dispute; inclined to cavil or to reason in opposition; as a disputative temper.

Watts.

Dispute

DISPU'TE, verb intransitive [Latin disputo; dis and puto. The primary sense of puto is to throw, cast, strike or drive, as we see by imputo, to impute, to throw on, to charge, to ascribe. Amputo, to prune, is to strike off, to throw off from all sides; computo, to compute, is to throw together, to cast. Dispute then is radically very similar to debate and discuss, both of which are from beating, driving, agitation.]

1. To contend in argument; to reason or argue in opposition; to debate; to altercate; and to dispute violently is to wrangle. Paul disputed with the Jews in the synagogue. The disciples of Christ disputed among themselves who should be the greatest. Men often dispute about trifles.

2. To strive or contend in opposition to a competitor; as, we disputed for the prize.

Dispute

DISPU'TE, verb transitive To attempt to disprove by arguments or statements; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded or erroneous; to controvert; to attempt to overthrow by reasoning. We dispute assertions, opinions, arguments or statements, when we endeavor to prove them false or unfounded. We dispute the validity of a title or claim. Hence to dispute a cause or case with another, is to endeavor to maintain one's own opinions or claims, and to overthrow those of his opponent.

2. To strive or contend for, either by words or actions; as, to dispute the honor of the day; to dispute a prize. But this phrase is elliptical, being used for dispute for, and primarily the verb is intransitive. See the Intransitive Verb, No. 2.

3. To call in question the propriety of; to oppose by reasoning. An officer is never to dispute the orders of his superior.

4. To strive to maintain; as, to dispute every inch of ground.

Dispute

DISPU'TE, noun Strife or contest in words or by arguments; an attempt to prove and maintain one's own opinions or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition to the opinions, arguments or claims of another; controversy in words. They had a dispute on the lawfulness of slavery, a subject which, one would think, could admit of no dispute.

Dispute is usually applied to verbal contest; controversy may be in words or writing. Dispute is between individuals; debate and discussion are applicable to public bodies.

2. The possibility of being controverted; as in the phrase, this is a fact, beyond all dispute.

Disputed

DISPU'TED, participle passive Contested; opposed by words or arguments; litigated.

Disputeless

DISPU'TELESS, adjective Admitting no dispute; incontrovertible.

Disputer

DISPU'TER, noun One who disputes, or who is given to disputes; a controvertist.

Where is the disputer of this world. 1 Corinthians 1.

Disputing

DISPU'TING, participle of the present tense Contending by words or arguments; controverting.

Disputing

DISPU'TING, noun The act of contending by words or arguments; controversy; altercation.

Do all things without murmurings or disputings. Philippians 2.

Disqualification

DISQUALIFICA'TION, noun [See Disqualify.] The act of disqualifying; or that which disqualifies; that which renders unfit, unsuitable or inadequate; as, sickness is a disqualification for labor or study.

2. The act of depriving of legal power or capacity; that which renders incapable; that which incapacitates in law; disability. Conviction of a crime is a disqualification for office.

3. Want of qualification. It is used in this sense, though improperly. In strictness, disqualification implies a previous qualification; but careless writers use it for the want of qualification, where no previous qualification is supposed. Thus, I must still retain the consciousness of those disqualifications, which you have been pleased to overlook.

Sir John Shore, Asiat. Res. 4.175.

Disqualified

DISQUAL'IFIED, participle passive Deprived of qualifications; rendered unfit.

Disqualify

DISQUAL'IFY, verb transitive [dis and qualify.] To make unfit; to deprive of natural power, or the qualities or properties necessary for any purpose; with for. Indisposition disqualifies the body for labor, and the mind for study. Piety disqualifies a person for no lawful employment.

2. To deprive of legal capacity, power or right; to disable. A conviction of perjury disqualifies a man for a witness. A direct interest in a suit disqualifies a person to be a juror in the cause.

Disqualifying

DISQUAL'IFYING, participle of the present tense Rendering unfit; disabling.

Disquantity

DISQUAN'TITY, verb transitive To diminish. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Disquiet

DISQUI'ET, adjective [dis and quiet.] Unquiet; restless; uneasy. [Seldom used.]

Shak.

Disquiet

DISQUI'ET, noun Want of quiet; uneasiness; restlessness; want of tranquility in body or mind; disturbance; anxiety.

Swift. Tillotson.

Disquiet

DISQUI'ET, verb transitive To disturb; to deprive of peace, rest or tranquility; to make uneasy or restless; to harass the body; to fret or vex the mind.

That he may disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon. Jeremiah 50.

Why hast thou disquieted me. 1 Samuel 28.

O my soul, why art thou disquieted within me? Psalm 42.

Disquieted

DISQUI'ETED, participle passive Made uneasy or restless; disturbed; harassed.

Disquieter

DISQUI'ETER, noun One who disquiets; he or that which makes uneasy.

Disquietful

DISQUI'ETFUL, adjective Producing inquietude.

Barrow.

Disquieting

DISQUI'ETING, participle of the present tense Disturbing: making uneasy; depriving of rest or peace.

2. adjective Tending to disturb the mind; as disquieting apprehensions.

Disquietly

DISQUI'ETLY, adverb Without quiet or rest; in an uneasy state; uneasily; anxiously; as, he rested disquietly that night. [Unusual.]

Wiseman.

Disquietness

DISQUI'ETNESS, noun Uneasiness; restlessness; disturbance of peace in body or mind.

Hooker.

Disquietous

DISQUI'ETOUS, adjective Causing uneasiness.

[Not used.]

Milton.

Disquietude

DISQUI'ETUDE, noun Want of peace or tranquility; uneasiness; disturbance; agitation; anxiety. It is, I believe, most frequently used of the mind.

Religion is our best security from the disquietudes that embitter life.

Disquisition

DISQUISI'TION, noun [Latin disquisitio; disquiro; dis and quoero, to seek.]

A formal or systematic inquiry into any subject, by arguments, or discussion of the facts and circumstances that may elucidate truth; as a disquisition on government or morals; a disquisition concerning the antediluvian earth.

Woodward.

It is usually applied to a written treatise.]

Disrank

DISRANK', v.t. To degrade from rank. [Not used.]

2. To throw out of rank or into confusion.

Decker.

Disregard

DISREG'ARD, noun [dis and regard.] Neglect; omission of notice; slight; implying indifference or some degree of contempt; as, to pass one with disregard.

Disregard

DISREG'ARD, verb transitive To omit to take notice of; to neglect to observe; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice.

Studious of good, man disregarded fame.

Blackmore.

We are never to disregard the wants of the poor, nor the admonitions of conscience.

Disregarded

DISREG'ARDED, participle passive Neglected; slighted; unnoticed.

Disregardful

DISREG'ARDFUL, adjective Neglectful; negligent; heedless.

Disregardfully

DISREG'ARDFULLY, adverb Negligently; heedlessly.

Disrelish

DISREL'ISH, noun [dis and relish.] Distate; dislike of the palate; some degree of disgust. Men generally have a disrelish for tobacco, till the taste is reconciled to it by custom.

2. Bad taste; nauseousness.

Milton.

3. Distaste or dislike, in a figurative sense; dislike of the mind, or of the faculty by which beauty and excellence are perceived.

Disrelish

DISREL'ISH, verb transitive To dislike the taste of; as, to disrelish a particular kind of food.

2. To make nauseous or disgusting; to infect with a bad taste. [In this sense, I believe, the word is little used.]

Milton.

3. To dislike; to feel some disgust at; as, to disrelish vulgar jests.

Disrelished

DISREL'ISHED, participle passive Not relished; disliked; made nauseous.

Disrelishing

DISREL'ISHING, participle of the present tense Disliking the taste of; experiencing disgust at: rendering nauseous.

Disreputable

DISREP'UTABLE, adjective [dis and reputable.]

1. Not reputable; not in esteem; not honorable; low; mean; as disreputable company.

2. Dishonorable; disgracing the reputation; tending to impair the good name, and bring into disesteem. It is disreputable to associate familiarly with the mean, the lewd and the profane.

Disreputation

DISREPUTA'TION, noun [dis and reputation.] Loss or want of reputation or good name; disrepute; disesteem; dishonor; disgrace; discredit. Ill success often brings an enterprising man, as well as his project, into disreputation.

Disrepute

DISREPU'TE, noun [dis and repute.] Loss or want of reputation; disesteem; discredit; dishonor. The alchimist and his books have sunk into disrepute.

Disrespect

DISRESPECT', noun [dis and respect.] Want of respect or reverence; disesteem. Disrespect often leads a man to treat another with neglect or a degree of contempt.

2. As an act, incivility; irreverence; rudeness.

Disrespectful

DISRESPECT'FUL, adjective Wanting in respect; irreverent; as a disrespectful thought or opinion.

2. Manifesting disesteem or want of respect; uncivil; as disrespectful behavior.

Disrespectfully

DISRESPECT'FULLY, adverb In a disrespectful manner; irreverently; uncivilly.

Disrobe

DISRO'BE, verb transitive [dis and robe.] To divest of a robe; to divest of garments; to undress.

2. To strip of covering; to divest of any surrounding appendage. Autumn disrobes the fields of verdure.

These two peers were disrobed of their glory.

Wotton.

Disrobed

DISRO'BED, participle passive Divested of clothing; stripped of covering.

Disrober

DISRO'BER, noun One that strips of robes or clothing.

Disrobing

DISRO'BING, participle of the present tense Divesting of garments; stripping of any kind of covering.

Disroot

DISROOT', verb transitive [dis and root.] To tear up the roots, or by the roots.

2. To tear from a foundation; to loosen or undermine.

A piece of ground disrooted from its situation by subterraneous inundations.

Goldsmith.

Disrooted

DISROOT'ED, participle passive Torn up by the roots; undermined.

Disrooting

DISROOT'ING, participle of the present tense Tearing up by the roots; undermining.

Disrupt

DISRUPT', adjective [Latin disruptus; dis and rumpo, to burst.]

Rent from; torn asunder; severed by rending or breaking.

Disruption

DISRUP'TION, noun [Latin disruptio, from disrumpo.]

1. The act of rending asunder; the act of bursting and separating.

2. Breach; rent; dilaceration; as the disruption of rocks in an earthquake; the disruption of a stratum of earth; disruption of the flesh.

Disrupture

DISRUP'TURE, verb transitive [dis and rupture.] To rend; to sever by tearing, breaking or bursting. [Unnecessary, as it is synonymous with rupture.]

Disruptured

DISRUP'TURED, participle passive Rent asunder; severed by breaking.

Med. Repos.

Disrupturing

DISRUP'TURING, participle of the present tense Rending asunder; severing.

Dissatisfaction

DISSATISFAC'TION, noun [dis and satisfaction.] The state of being dissatisfied; discontent; uneasiness proceeding from the want of gratification, or from disappointed wishes and expectations.

The ambitious man is subject to uneasiness and dissatisfaction.

Addison.

Dissatisfactoriness

DISSATISFAC'TORINESS, noun Inability to satisfy or give content; a failing to give content.

Dissatisfactory

DISSATISFAC'TORY, adjective Unable to give content.

Johnson.

Rather, giving discontent; displeasing.

To have reduced the different qualifications, in the different states, to one uniform rule, would probably have been as dissatisfactory to some of the states, as difficult for the convention.

Hamilton. Mitford.

Dissatisfied

DISSAT'ISFIED, participle passive Made discontented; displeased.

2. adjective Discontended; not satisfied; not pleased; offended.

Locke.

Dissatisfy

DISSAT'ISFY, verb transitive To render discontented; to displease; to excite uneasiness by frustrating wishes or expectations.

Dissatisfying

DISSAT'ISFYING, participle of the present tense Exciting uneasiness or discontent.

Disseat

DISSE'AT, verb transitive To remove from a seat.

Shak.

Dissect

DISSECT', verb transitive [Latin disseco, dissectus; dis and seco, to cut; French dissequer.]

1. To cut in pieces; to divide an animal body, with a cutting instrument, by separating the joints; as, to dissect a fowl. Hence appropriately,

2. To cut in pieces, as an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure and use of its several parts; to anatomize. Also, to open any part of a body to observe its morbid appearances, or to ascertain the cause of death or the seat of a disease.

3. To divide into its constituent parts, for the purpose of examination; as, dissect your mind; dissect a paragraph.

Roscommon. Pope.

Dissected

DISSECT'ED, participle passive Cut in pieces; separated by parting the joints; divided into its constituent parts; opened and examined.

Dissecting

DISSECT'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting in pieces; dividing the parts; separating constituent parts for minute examination.

Dissection

DISSEC'TION, noun [Latin dissectio.] The act of cutting in pieces an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure and uses of its parts; anatomy.

Dissection was held sacrilege till the time of Francis I.

Encyc.

2. The act of separating into constituent parts, for the purpose of critical examination.

Dissector

DISSECT'OR, noun One who dissects; an anatomist.

Disseize

DISSE'IZE, verb transitive [dis and seize; French dessaisir.] In law, to dispossess wrongfully; to deprive of actual seizin or possession; followed by of; as, to disseize a tenant of his freehold.

A man may suppose himself disseized, when he is not so.

Blackstone.

Disseized

DISSE'IZED, participle passive Put out of possession wrongfully or by force; deprived of actual possession.

Disseizee

DISSEIZEE', noun A person put out of possession of an estate unlawfully.

Disseizin

DISSE'IZIN, noun The act of disseizing; an unlawful dispossessing of a person of his lands, tenements, or incorporeal hereditaments; a deprivation of actual seizin.

Blackstone.

Disseizing

DISSE'IZING, participle of the present tense Depriving of actual seizin or possession; putting out of possession.

Disseizor

DISSE'IZOR, noun One who puts another out of possession wrongfully; he that dispossesses another.

Blackstone.

Dissemblance

DISSEM'BLANCE, noun [dis and semblance.]

Want of resemblance. [Little used.]

Osborne.

Dissemble

DISSEM'BLE, verb transitive [Latin dissimulo; dis and simulo, from similis, like; French dissimuler; Italian dissimulare; Spanish disimular; Armoric diÃƒ-§zumula.]

1. To hide under a false appearance; to conceal; to disguise; to pretend that not to be which really is; as, I will not dissemble the truth; I cannot dissemble my real sentiments. [This is the proper sense of this word.]

2. To pretend that to be which is not; to make a false appearance of. This is the sense of simulate.

Your son Lucentio

Doth love my daughter, and she loveth him,

Or both dissemble deeply their affections.

Shak.

Dissemble

DISSEM'BLE, verb intransitive To be hypocritical; to assume a false appearance; to conceal the real fact, motives, intention or sentiments under some pretense.

Ye have stolen and dissembled also. Joshua 7.

He that hateth, dissembleth with his lips. Proverbs 26.

Dissembled

DISSEM'BLED, participle passive Concealed under a false appearance; disguised.

Dissembler

DISSEM'BLER, noun One who dissembles; a hypocrite; one who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false appearance.

Dissembling

DISSEM'BLING, participle of the present tense Hiding under a false appearance; acting the hypocrite.

Dissemblingly

DISSEM'BLINGLY, adverb With dissimulation; hypocritically; falsely.

Knolles.

Disseminate

DISSEM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin dissemino; dis and semino, to sow, from semen, seed.]

1. Literally, to sow; to scatter seed; but seldom or never used in its literal sense. But hence,

2. To scatter for growth and propagation, like seed; to spread. Thus, principles, opinions and errors are disseminated, when they are spread and propagated. To disseminate truth or the gospel is highly laudable.

3. To spread; to diffuse.

A uniform heat disseminated through the body of the earth.

Woodward.

4. To spread; to disperse.

The Jews are disseminated through all the trading parts of the world.

Addison.

[The second is the most proper application of the word, as it should always include the idea of growth or taking root. The fourth sense is hardly vindicable.]

Disseminated

DISSEM'INATED, participle passive Scattered, as seed; propagated; spread.

2. In mineralogy, occurring in portions less than a hazel nut; being scattered.

Disseminating

DISSEM'INATING, participle of the present tense Scattering and propagating; spreading.

Dissemination

DISSEMINA'TION, noun The act of scattering and propagating, like seed; the act of spreading for growth and permanence. We trust the world is to be reformed by the dissemination of evangelical doctrines.

Disseminator

DISSEM'INATOR, noun One who disseminates; one who spreads and propagates.

Dissension

DISSEN'SION, noun [Latin dissensio; dis and sentio, to think; French dissension.]

Disagreement in opinion, usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm debates or angry words; contention in words; strife; discord; quarrel; breach of friendship and union.

Debates, dissensions, uproars are thy joy.

Dryden.

Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension with them. Acts 15.

We see dissensions in church and state, in towns, parishes, and families, and the word is sometimes applied to differences which produce war; as the dissensions between the houses of York and Lancaster in England.

Dissensious

DISSEN'SIOUS, adjective Disposed to discord; quarrelsome; contentious; factious. [Little used.]

Shak. Ascham.

Dissent

DISSENT', verb intransitive [Latin dissensio; dis and sentio, to think.]

1. To disagree in opinion; to differ; to think in a different or contrary manner; with from. There are many opinions in which men dissent from us, as they dissent from each other.

2. To differ from an established church, in regard to doctrines, rites or government.

3. To differ; to be of a contrary nature. [Less proper.]

Hooker.

Dissent

DISSENT', noun Difference of opinion; disagreement.

2. Declaration of disagreement in opinion; as, they entered their dissent on the journals of the house.

3. Contrariety of nature; opposite quality. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Dissentaneous

DISSENTA'NEOUS, adjective Disagreeable; contrary.

Dissentany

DIS'SENTANY, adjective Dissentaneous; inconsistent. [Not used.]

Milton.

Dissenter

DISSENT'ER, noun One who dissents; one who differs in opinion, or one who declares his disagreement.

2. One who separates from the service and worship of any established church. The word is in England particularly applied to those who separate from, or who do not unite with, the church of England.

Dissentient

DISSEN'TIENT, adjective Disagreeing; declaring dissent.

Dissentient

DISSEN'TIENT, noun One who disagrees and declares his dissent.

Dissenting

DISSENT'ING, participle of the present tense Disagreeing in opinion; separating from the communion of an established church. It is used as an adjective; as a dissenting minister or congregation.

Dissentious

DISSEN'TIOUS, adjective Disposed to disagreement or discord.

Dissepiment

DISSEP'IMENT, noun [Latin dissepimentum; dissepio, to separate; dis and sepio, to inclose or guard.]

In botany, a partition in dry seed-vessels, as in capsules and pods, which separates the fruit into cells.

Encyc.

Dissert

DISSERT', verb intransitive [Latin dissero, diserto.] To discourse or dispute. [Little in use.]

Dissertation

DISSERTA'TION, noun [Latin dissertatio, from disserto, to discourse, from dissero, id.; dis and sero, to sow, that is, to throw. Dissero is to throw out, to cast abroad.]

1. A discourse, or rather a formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject.

2. A written essay, treatise or disquisition; as Plutarch's dissertation on the poets; Newton's dissertations on the prophecies.

Dissertator

DIS'SERTATOR, noun One who writes a dissertation; one who debates.

Boyle.

Disserve

DISSERVE, verb transitive disserv'. [dis and serve.]

To injure; to hurt; to harm; to do injury or mischief to.

He took the first opportunity to disserve him.

Clarendon.

Too much zeal often disserves a good cause.

Anon.

Disserved

DISSERV'ED, participle passive Injured.

Disservice

DISSERV'ICE, noun Injury; harm; mischief; as, violent remedies often do a disservice.

Disserviceable

DISSERV'ICEABLE, adjective Injurious; hurtful.

Disserviceableness

DISSERV'ICEABLENESS, noun The quality of being injurious; tendency to harm.

Norris.

Dissettle

DISSET'TLE, verb transitive To unsettle. [Not used.]

More.

Dissever

DISSEV'ER, verb transitive [dis and sever. In this word, dis, as in dispart, can have no effect, unless to augment the signification, as dis and sever both denote separation.]

To dispart; to part in two; to divide asunder; to separate; to disunite, either by violence or not. When with force, it is equivalent to rend and burst. It may denote either to cut or to tear asunder. In beheading, the head is dissevered from the body. The lightning may dissever a branch from the stem of a tree. Jealousy dissevers the bonds of friendship. The reformation dissevered the catholic church; it dissevered protestants from catholics.

Disseverance

DISSEV'ERANCE, noun The act of dissevering; separation.

Dissevered

DISSEV'ERED, participle passive Disparted; disjoined; separated.

Dissevering

DISSEV'ERING, participle of the present tense Dividing asunder; separating; tearing or cutting asunder.

Dissevering

DISSEV'ERING, noun The act of separating; separation.

Dissidence

DIS'SIDENCE, noun [infra.] Discord.

Dissident

DIS'SIDENT, adjective [Latin dissideo, to disagree; dis and sedeo, to sit.] Not agreeing.

Dissident

DIS'SIDENT, noun A dissenter; one who separates from the established religion; a word applied to the members of the Lutheran, Calvinistic and Greek churches in Poland.

Encyc.

Dissilience

DISSIL'IENCE, noun [Latin dissilio; dis and salio, to leap.] The act of leaping or starting asunder.

Dissilient

DISSIL'IENT, adjective Starting asunder; bursting and opening with an elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule of a plant; as a dissilient pericarp.

Martyn.

Dissilition

DISSILI'TION, noun The act of bursting open; the act of starting or springing different ways.

Boyle.

Dissimilar

DISSIM'ILAR, adjective [dis and similar.] Unlike, either in nature, properties or external form; not similar; not having the resemblance of; heterogeneous. Newton denominates dissimilar, the rays of light of different refrangibility. The tempers of men are as dissimilar as their features.

Dissimilarity

DISSIMILAR'ITY, noun Unlikeness; want of resemblance; dissimilitude; as the dissimilarity of human faces and forms.

Dissimile

DISSIM'ILE, noun dissim'ily. Comparison or illustration by contraries. [Little used.]

Dissimilitude

DISSIMIL'ITUDE, noun [Latin dissimilitudo.] Unlikeness; want of resemblance; as a dissimilitude of form or character.

Dissimulation

DISSIMULA'TION, noun [Latin dissimulatio; dis and simulatio, from simulo, to make like, similis, like.]

The act of dissembling; a hiding under a false appearance; a feigning; false pretension; hypocrisy. Dissimulation may be simply concealment of the opinions, sentiments or purpose; but it includes also the assuming of a false or counterfeit appearance which conceals the real opinions or purpose. Dissimulation among statesmen is sometimes regarded as a necessary vice, or as no vice at all.

Let love be without dissimulation. Romans 12.

Dissimule

DISSIM'ULE, verb transitive To dissemble. [Not in use.]

Elyot.

Dissipable

DIS'SIPABLE, adjective [See Dissipate.] Liable to be dissipated; that may be scattered or dispersed.

The heat of those plants is very dissipable.

Bacon.

Dissipate

DIS'SIPATE, verb transitive [Latin dissipatus, dissipo; dis and an obsolete verb, sipo, to throw. We perhaps see its derivatives in siphon, prosapia and sept, and sepio, to inclose, may be primarily to repel and thus to guard.]

1. To scatter; to disperse; to drive asunder. Wind dissipates fog; the heat of the sun dissipates vapor; mirth dissipates care and anxiety; the cares of life tend to dissipate serious reflections.

Scatter, disperse and dissipate are in many cases synonymous; but dissipate is used appropriately to denote the dispersion of things that vanish, or are not afterwards collected; as, to dissipate fog, vapor or clouds. We say, an army is scattered or dispersed, but not dissipated. Trees are scattered or dispersed over a field, but not dissipated.

2. To expend; to squander; to scatter property in wasteful extravagance; to waste; to consume; as, a man has dissipated his fortune in the pursuit of pleasure.

3. To scatter the attention.

Dissipate

DIS'SIPATE, verb intransitive To scatter; to disperse; to separate into parts and disappear; to waste away; to vanish.

A fog or cloud gradually dissipates, before the rays or heat of the sun. The heat of a body dissipates; the fluids dissipate.

Dissipated

DIS'SIPATED, participle passive Scattered; dispersed; wasted; consumed; squandered.

2. adjective Loose; irregular; given to extravagance in the expenditure of property; devoted to pleasure and vice; as a dissipated man; a dissipated life.

Dissipating

DIS'SIPATING, participle of the present tense Scattering; dispersing; wasting; consuming; squandering; vanishing.

Dissipation

DISSIPA'TION, noun The act of scattering; dispersion; the state of being dispersed; as the dissipation of vapor or heat.

2. In physics, the insensible loss or waste of the minute parts of a body, which fly off, by which means the body is diminished or consumed.

3. Scattered attention; or that which diverts and calls off the mind from any subject.

Swift.

4. A dissolute, irregular course of life; a wandering from object to object in pursuit of pleasure; a course of life usually attended with careless and exorbitant expenditures of money, and indulgence in vices, which impair or ruin both health and fortune.

What! is it proposed then to reclaim the spendthrift from his dissipation and extravagance, by filling his pockets with money?

P. Henry, Wirt's Sketches.

Dissociable

DISSO'CIABLE, adjective [See Dissociate.] Not well associated, united or assorted.

They came in two and two, though matched in the most dissociable manner.

Spectator. No. 4.

Dissocial

DISSO'CIAL, adjective [dis and social.] Unfriendly to society; contracted; selfish; as a dissocial passion.

Kames.

Dissociate

DISSO'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin dissociatus, dissocio; dis and socio, to unite, socius, a companion.]

To separate; to disunite; to part; as, to dissociate the particles of a concrete substance.

Boyle.

Dissociated

DISSO'CIATED, participle passive Separated; disunited.

Dissociating

DISSO'CIATING, participle of the present tense Separating; disuniting.

Dissociation

DISSOCIA'TION, noun The act of disuniting; a state of separation; disunion.

It will add to the dissociation, distraction and confusion of these confederate republics.

Burke.

Dissolubility

DISSOLUBIL'ITY, noun Capacity of being dissolved by heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid.

Dissoluble

DIS'SOLUBLE, adjective [Latin dissolubilis. See Dissolve.]

2. Capable of being dissolved; that may be melted; having its parts separable by heat or moisture; convertible into a fluid.

Woodward.

2. That may be disunited.

Dissolute

DIS'SOLUTE, adjective [Latin dissolutus, from dissolvo.]

1. Loose in behavior and morals; given to vice and dissipation; wanton; lewd; luxurious; debauched; not under the restraints of law; as a dissolute man; dissolute company.

2. Vicious; wanton; devoted to pleasure and dissipation; as a dissolute life.

Dissolutely

DIS'SOLUTELY, adverb Loosely; wantonly; in dissipation or debauchery; without restraint; as, to live dissolutely.

Dissoluteness

DIS'SOLUTENESS, noun Looseness of manners and morals; vicious indulgences in pleasure, as in intemperance and debauchery; dissipation; as dissoluteness of life or manners.

Dissolution

DISSOLU'TION, noun [Latin dissolutio, from dissolvo.]

In a general sense, the separation of the parts of a body which, in the natural structure, are united; or the reduction of concrete bodies into their smallest parts, without regard to solidity or fluidity. Thus we speak of the dissolution of salts in water, of metals in nitro-muriatic acid, and of ice or butter by heat; in which cases, the dissolution is effected by a menstruum or particular agent. We speak also of the dissolution of flesh or animal bodies, when the parts separate by putrefaction. Dissolution then is,

1. The act of liquefying or changing from a solid to a fluid state by heat; a melting; a thawing; as the dissolution of snow and ice, which converts them into water.

2. The reduction of a body into its smallest parts, or into very minute parts, by a dissolvent or menstruum, as of a metal by nitro-muriatic acid, or of salts in water.

3. The separation of the parts of a body by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of mixed bodies, as of animal or vegetable substances; decomposition.

4. The substance formed by dissolving a body in a menstruum. [This is now called a solution.]

Bacon.

5. Death; the separation of the soul and body.

Milton.

6. Destruction; the separation of the parts which compose a connected system, or body; as the dissolution of the world, or of nature; the dissolution of government.

7. The breaking up of an assembly, or the putting an end to its existence.

Dissolution is the civil death of parliament.

Blackstone.

8. Looseness of manners; dissipation.

Taylor. South.

In this latter sense the word is obsolete, dissoluteness being substituted.

9. Dissolution of the blood, in medicine, that state of the blood, in which it does not readily coagulate, on its cooling out of the body, as in malignant fevers.

Cyc.

Dissolvable

DISSOLV'ABLE, adjective dizzolv'able. [See Dissolve.] That may be dissolved; capable of being melted; that may be converted into a fluid. Sugar and ice are dissolvable bodies.

Dissolve

DISSOLVE, verb transitive dizzolv'. [Latin dissolvo; dis and solvo, to loose, to free.]

1. To melt; to liquefy; to convert from a solid or fixed state to a fluid state, by means of heat or moisture.

To dissolve by heat, is to loosen the parts of a solid body and render them fluid or easily movable. Thus ice is converted into water by dissolution.

To dissolve in a liquid, is to separate the parts of a solid substance, and cause them to mix with the fluid; or to reduce a solid substance into minute parts which may be sustained in that fluid. Thus water dissolves salt and sugar.

2. To disunite; to break; to separate.

Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness? 2 Peter 3.

3. To loose; to disunite.

Down fell the duke, his joints dissolved.

Fairfax.

4. To loose the ties or bonds of any thing; to destroy any connected system; as, to dissolve a government; to dissolve a corporation.

5. To loose; to break; as, to dissolve a league; to dissolve the bonds of friendship.

6. To break up; to cause to separate; to put an end to; as, to dissolve the parliament; to dissolve an assembly.

7. To clear; to solve; to remove; to dissipate, or to explain; as, to dissolve doubts.

We usually say, to solve doubts and difficulties.

8. To break; to destroy; as, to dissolve a charm, spell or enchantment.

Milton.

9. To loosen or relax; to make languid; as dissolved in pleasure.

10. To waste away; to consume; to cause to vanish or perish.

Thou dissolvest my substance. Job 30.

11. To annul; to rescind; as, to dissolve an injunction.

Johnson's Rep.

Dissolve

DISSOLVE, verb intransitive dizzolv'. To be melted; to be converted from a solid to a fluid state; as, sugar dissolves in water.

2. To sink away; to lose strength and firmness.

Shak.

3. To melt away in pleasure; to become soft or languid.

4. To fall asunder; to crumble; to be broken. A government may dissolve by its own weight or extent.

5. To waste away; to perish; to be decomposed. Flesh dissolves by putrefaction.

6. To come to an end by a separation of parts.

Dissolved

DISSOLV'ED, participle passive Melted; liquefied; disunited; parted; loosed; relaxed; wasted away; ended.

Dissolved blood, is that which does not readily coagulate.

Dissolvent

DISSOLV'ENT, adjective Having power to melt or dissolve; as the dissolvent juices of the stomach.

Ray.

Dissolvent

DISSOLV'ENT, noun Any thing which has the power or quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that they mix with a liquid; as, water is a dissolvent of salts and earths. It is otherwise called a menstruum.

2. In medicine, a remedy supposed capable of dissolving concretions in the body, such as calculi, tubercles, &c.

Parr.

Dissolver

DISSOLV'ER, noun That which dissolves or has the power of dissolving. Heat is the most powerful dissolver of substances.

Dissolving

DISSOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Melting; making or becoming liquid.

Dissonance

DIS'SONANCE, noun [French dissonance, from Latin dissonans, dissono, to be discordant; dis and sono, to sound.]

1. Discord; a mixture or union of harsh, unharmonious sounds, which are grating or unpleasing to the ear; as the dissonance of notes, sounds or numbers.

2. Disagreement.

Dissonant

DIS'SONANT, adjective Discordant; harsh; jarring; unharmonious; unpleasant to the ear; as dissonant notes or intervals.

2. Disagreeing; incongruous; usually with from; as, he advanced propositions very dissonant from truth.

Dissuade

DISSUA'DE, verb transitive [Latin dissuadeo; dis and suadeo, to advise or incite to any thing.]

1. To advise or exhort against; to attempt to draw or divert from a measure, by reason or offering motives to; as, the minister dissuaded the prince from adopting the measure; he dissuaded him from his purpose.

2. To represent as unfit, improper or dangerous.

War therefore, open or concealed, alike

My voice dissuades.

Milton.

This phraseology is probably elliptical, and merely poetical; from being understood.

Dissuaded

DISSUA'DED, participle passive Advised against; counseled or induced by advice not to do something; diverted from a purpose.

Dissuader

DISSUA'DER, noun He that dissuades; a dehorter.

Dissuading

DISSUA'DING, participle of the present tense Exhorting against; attempting, by advice, to divert from a purpose.

Dissuasion

DISSUA'SION, noun disua'zhun. Advice or exhortation in opposition to something; the act of attempting, by reason or motives offered, to divert from a purpose or measure; dehortation.

Boyle.

Dissuasive

DISSUA'SIVE, adjective Tending to dissuade, or divert from a measure or purpose; dehortatory.

Dissuasive

DISSUA'SIVE, noun Reason, argument, or counsel, employed to deter one from a measure or purpose; that which is used or which tends to divert the mind from any purpose or pursuit. The consequences of intemperance are powerful dissuasives from indulging in that vice.

Dissunder

DISSUN'DER, verb transitive [dis and sunder.] To separate; to rend.

Chapman.

Dissweeten

DISSWEE'TEN, verb transitive To deprive of sweetness. [Not used.]

Bp. Richardson.

Dissyllabic

DISSYLLAB'IC, adjective Consisting of two syllables only; as a dissyllabic foot in poetry.

Dissyllable

DISSYL'LABLE, noun [Greek; two or twice, and, a syllable.]

A word consisting of two syllables only; as, paper, whiteness, virtue.

Distaff

DIS'TAFF, noun [The English books refer this word to the Saxon distoef; but I have not found the word in the Saxon Dictionary.]

1. The staff of a spinning-wheel, to which a bunch of flax or tow is tied, and from which the thread is drawn.

She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. Proverbs 31.

2. Figuratively, a woman, or the female sex. His crown usurped, a distaff on the throne.

Dryden.

Distaff-Thistle

DIS'TAFF-THISTLE, noun A species of thistle; a name of the Atractylis, and of the Carthamus, or false saffron.

Distain

DISTA'IN, verb transitive [dis and stain. This seems to be from the French deteindre, from the Latin tingo; but see Stain.]

1. To stain; to tinge with any different color from the natural or proper one; to discolor. We speak of a sword distained with blood; a garment distained with gore. It has precisely the signification of stain, but is used chiefly or appropriately in poetry and the higher kinds of prose.

2. To blot; to sully; to defile; to tarnish.

She distained her honorable blood.

Spenser.

The worthiness of praise distains his worth.

Shak.

Distained

DISTA'INED, participle passive Stained; tinged; discolored; blotting; sullied.

Distaining

DISTA'INING, participle of the present tense Staining; discoloring; blotting; tarnishing.

Distance

DIS'TANCE, noun [French distance; Spanish distancia; Italian distanza; Latin distantia, from disto, to stand apart; dis and sto, to stand.]

1. An interval or space between two objects; the length of the shortest line which intervenes between two things that are separate; as a great or small distance. Distance may be a line, an inch, a mile, or any indefinite length; as the distance between the sun and saturn.

2. Preceded by at, remoteness of place.

He waits at distance till he hears from Cato.

Addison.

3. Preceded by thy, his, your, her, their, a suitable space, or such remoteness as is common or becoming; as, let him keep his distance; keep your distance. [See No. 8.]

4. A space marked on the course where horses run.

This horse ran the whole field out of distance.

L'Estrange.

5. Space of time; any indefinite length of time, past or future, intervening between two periods or events; as the distance of an hour, of a year, of an age.

6. Ideal space or separation.

Qualities that affect our senses are, in the things themselves, so united and blended, that there is no distance between them.

Locke.

7. Contrariety; opposition.

Banquo was your enemy,

So he is mine, and in such bloody distanceÃ‚--

Shak.

8. The remoteness which respect requires; hence, respect.

I hope your modesty

Will know what distance to the crown is due.

Dryden.

'Tis by respect and distance that authority is upheld.

Atterbury.

[See No. 3.]

9. Reserve; coldness; alienation of heart.

On the part of heaven

Now alienated, distance and distate.

Milton.

10. Remoteness in succession or relation; as the distance between a descendant and his ancestor.

11. In music, the interval between two notes; as the distance of a fourth or seventh.

Distance

DIS'TANCE, verb transitive To place remote; to throw off from the view.

Dryden.

2. To leave behind in a race; to win the race by a great superiority.

3. To leave at a great distance behind.

He distanced the most skilful of his cotemporaries.

Milner.

Distanced

DIS'TANCED, participle passive Left far behind; cast out of the race.

Distant

DIS'TANT, adjective [Latin distans, standing apart.]

1. Separate; having an intervening space of any indefinite extent. One point may be less than a line or a hair's breadth distant from another. Saturn is supposed to be nearly nine hundred million miles distant from the sun.

2. Remote in place; as, a distant object appears under a small angle.

3. Remote in time, past or future; as a distant age or period of the world.

4. Remote in the line of succession or descent, indefinitely; as a distant descendant; a distant ancestor; distant posterity.

5. Remote in natural connection or consanguinity; as a distant relation; distant kindred; a distant collateral line.

6. Remote in nature; not allied; not agreeing with or in conformity to; as practice very distant from principles or profession.

7. Remote in view; slight; faint; not very likely to be realized; as, we have a distant hope or prospect of seeing better times.

8. Remote in connection; slight; faint; indirect; not easily seen or understood; as a distant hint or allusion to a person or subject. So also we say, a distant idea; a distant thought; a distant resemblance.

9. Reserved; shy; implying haughtiness, coldness of affection, indifference, or disrespect; as, the manners of a person are distant.

Distantly

DIS'TANTLY, adverb Remotely; at a distance; with reserve.

Distaste

DISTA'STE, noun [dis and taste.] A version of the taste; dislike of food or drink; disrelish; disgust, or a slight degree of it. Distaste for a particular kind of food may be constitutional, or the effect of a diseased stomach.

2. Dislike; uneasiness.

Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes, and adversity is not without comfort and hopes.

Bacon.

3. Dislike; displeasure; alienation of affection.

Milton. Pope.

Distaste

DISTA'STE, verb transitive To disrelish; to dislike; to lothe; as, to distaste drugs or poisons.

2. To offend; to disgust.

He though it no policy to distaste the English or Irish, but sought to please them.

Davies.

3. To vex; to displease; to sour.

Pope.

[The two latter significations are rare.]

Distasted

DISTA'STED, participle passive Disrelished; disliked; offended; displeased.

Distasteful

DISTA'STEFUL, adjective Nauseous; unpleasant or disgusting to the taste.

2. Offensive; displeasing; as a distasteful truth.

Dryden.

3. Malevolent; as distasteful looks.

Shak.

Distastefulness

DISTA'STEFULNESS, noun Disagreeableness; dislike.

Whitlock.

Distasting

DISTA'STING, participle of the present tense Disrelishing; disliking; offending; displeasing.

Distastive

DISTA'STIVE, noun That which gives disrelish or aversion.

Whitlock.

Distemper

DISTEM'PER, noun [dis and temper.] Literally, an undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. Hence,

2. Disease; malady; indisposition; any morbid state of an animal body, or of any part of it; a state in which the animal economy is deranged or imperfectly carried on. [See Disease.] It is used of the slighter diseases, but not exclusively. In general, it is synonymous with disease, and is particularly applied to the diseases of brutes.

3. Want of due temperature, applied to climate; the literal sense of the word, but not now used.

Countries under the tropie of a distemper uninhabitable.

Raleigh.

4. Bad constitution of the mind; undue predominance of a passion or appetite.

Shak.

5. Want of due balance of parts or opposite qualities and principles; as, the temper and distemper of an empire consist of contraries. [Not now used.]

Bacon.

6. Ill humor of mind; depravity of inclination. [Not used.]

King Charles.

7. Political disorder; tumult.

Waller.

8. Uneasiness; ill humor or bad temper.

There is a sickness,

Which puts some of us in distemper.

Shak.

9. In painting, the mixing of colors with something besides oil and water. When colors are mixed with size, whites of egs, or other unctuous or glutinous matter, and not with oil, it is said to be done in distemper.

Encyc.

Distemper

DISTEM'PER, verb transitive To disease; to disorder; to derange the functions of the body or mind.

Shak. Boyle.

2. To disturb; to ruffle.

Dryden.

3. To deprive of temper or moderation.

Dryden.

4. To make disaffected, ill humored or malignant.

Shak.

This verb is seldom used, except in the participles.

Distemperance

DISTEM'PERANCE, noun Distemperature.

Distemperate

DISTEM'PERATE, adjective Immoderate. [Little used.]

Raleigh.

Distemperature

DISTEM'PERATURE, noun Bad temperature; intemperateness; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities; a noxious state; as the distemperature of the air or climate.

2. Violent tumultunousness; outrageousness.

Johnson.

3. Perturbation of mind.

Shak.

4. Confusion; commixture of contrarieties; loss of regularity; disorder.

Shak.

5. Slight illness; indisposition.

Brewer.

Distempered

DISTEM'PERED, participle passive or adjective Diseased in body, or disordered in mind. We speak of a distempered body, a distempered limb, a distempered head or brain.

2. Disturbed; ruffled; as distempered passions.

3. Deprived of temper or moderation; immoderate; as distempered zeal.

Dryden.

4. Disorded; biased; prejudiced; perverted; as minds distempered by interest or passion.

The imagination, when completely distempered, is the most incurable of all disordered faculties.

Buckminster.

5. Disaffected; made malevolent.

Distempered lords.

Shak.

Distempering

DISTEM'PERING, participle of the present tense Affecting with disease or disorder; disturbing; depriving of moderation.

Distend

DISTEND', verb transitive [Latin distendo; dis and tendo, to tend, to stretch, from the root of teneo, to hold, Greek, to stretch. Class Dn.]

1. To stretch or spread in all directions; to dilate; to enlarge; to expand; to swell; as, to distend a bladder; to distend the bowels; to distend the lungs. [This is the appropriate sense of the word.]

2. To spread apart; to divaricate; as, to distend the legs. We seldom say, to distend a plate of metal, and never, I believe, to distend a line; extend being used in both cases. We use distend chiefly to denote the stretching, spreading or expansion of any thing, by means of a substance inclosed within it, or by the elastic force of something inclosed. In this case the body distended swells or spreads in all directions, and usually in a spherical form. A bladder is distended by inflation, or by the expansion of rarefied air within it. The skin is distended in boils and abscesses, by matter generated within them. This appropriation of the word has not always been observed.

Distended

DISTEND'ED, participle passive Spread; expanded; dilated by an inclosed substance or force.

Distending

DISTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Stretching in all directions; dilating; expanding.

Distensibility

DISTENSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality or capacity of being distensible.

Distensible

DISTEN'SIBLE, adjective Capable of being distended or dilated.

Distent

DISTENT', adjective Spread. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Distent

DISTENT', noun Breadth. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Distention

DISTEN'TION, noun [Latin distentio.] The act of distending; the act of stretching in breadth or in all directions; the state of being distended; as the distention of the lungs or bowels.

2. Breadth; extent or space occupied by the thing distended.

3. An opening, spreading or divarication; as the distention of the legs.

Disterminate

DISTERM'INATE, adjective [Latin disterminatus.] Separated by bounds. Obs.

Hale.

Distermination

DISTERMINA'TION, noun Separation. Obs.

Hammond.

Disthene

DIS'THENE, noun [Greek, two, and, force.]

A mineral so called by HaÃƒ-¼y, because its crystals have the property of being electrified both positively and negatively. It is the sappare of Saussure, and the cyanite or kyanite of Werner.

Lunier. Cleaveland.

Disthronize

DISTHRO'NIZE, verb transitive To dethrone. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Distich

DIS'TICH, noun [Latin distichon; Greek and, a verse.]

A couplet; a couple of verses or poetic lines, making complete sense; an epigram of two verses.

Johnson. Encyc.

Distichous

DIS'TICHOUS, or DIS'TICH, adjective Having two rows, or disposed in two rows.

Lee.

A distichous spike has all the flowers pointing two ways.

Martyn.

Distill

DISTILL', verb intransitive [Latin distillo; dis and stillo, to drop, stilla, a drop; French distiller; Italian distillare; Spanish destilar; Greek.] To drop; to fall in drops.

Soft showers distill'd, and suns grew warm in vain.

Pope.

2. To flow gently, or in a small stream.

The Euphrates distilleth out of the mountains of Armenia.

Raleigh.

3. To use a still; to practice distillation.

Shak.

Distill

DISTILL', verb transitive To let fall in drops; to throw down in drops. The clouds distill water on the earth.

The dew, which on the tender grass

The evening had distilled.

Drayton.

2. To extract by heat; to separate spirit or essential oils from liquor by heat or evaporation, and convert that vapor into a liquid by condensation in a refrigeratory; to separate the volatile parts of a substance by heat; to rectify; as, to distill brandy from wine, or spirit from melasses.

3. To extract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation; as, to distill cyder or melasses; to distill wine.

4. To extract the pure part of a fluid; as, to distill water.

5. To dissolve or melt. [Unusual.]

Swords by the lightning's subtle force distilled.

Addison.

Distillable

DISTIL'LABLE, adjective That may be distilled; fit for distillation.

Sherwood.

Distillation

DISTILLA'TION, noun The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring or throwing down in drops.

2. The vaporization and subsequent condensation of a liquid by means of an alembic, or still and refrigeratory, or of a retort and receiver; the operation of extracting spirit from a substance by evaporation and condensation; rectification.

3. The substance extracted by distilling.

Shak.

4. That which falls in drops.

Johnson.

Distillatory

DISTIL'LATORY, adjective Belonging to distillation; used for distilling; as distillatory vessels.

Hooper.

Distilled

DISTIL'LED, participle passive Let fall or thrown down in drops; subjected to the process of distillation; extracted by evaporation.

Distiller

DISTIL'LER, noun One who distills; one whose occupation is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation.

Distillery

DISTIL'LERY, noun The act or art of distilling.

2. The building and works where distilling is carried on.

Distilling

DISTIL'LING, participle of the present tense Dropping; letting fall in drops; extracting by distillation.

Distillment

DISTILL'MENT, noun That which is drawn by distillation.

Shak.

Distinct

DISTINCT', adjective [Latin distinctus, from distinguo. See Distinguish.]

1. Literally, having the difference marked; separated by a visible sign, or by a note or mark; as a place distinct by name.

Milton.

2. Different; separate; not the same in number of kind; as, he holds two distinct offices; he is known by distinct titles.

3. Separate in place; not conjunet; as, the two regiments marched together, but had distinct encampments.

4. So separated as not to be confounded with any other thing; clear; not confused. To reason correctly we must have distinct ideas. We have a distinct or indistinct view of a prospect.

5. Spotted; variegated.

Tempestuous fell

His arrows from the fourfold-visag'd four,

Distinct with eyes.

Milton.

Distinct

DISTINCT', verb transitive To distinguish. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Distinction

DISTINC'TION, noun [Latin distinctio.] The act of separating or distinguishing.

2. A note or mark of difference. [Seldom used.]

3. Difference made; a separation or disagreement in kind or qualities, by which one thing is known from another. We observe a distinction between matter and spirit; a distinction between the animal and vegetable kingdoms; a distinction between good and evil, right and wrong; between sound reasoning and sophistry.

3. Difference regarded; separation; preference; as in the phrase, without distinction, which denotes promiscuously, all together, alike.

Maids, women, wives, without distinction fall.

Dryden.

4. Separation; division; as the distinction of tragedy into acts.

Dryden.

[In this sense, division would be preferable.]

5. Notation of difference; discrimination; as a distinction between real and apparent good.

In classing the qualities of actions, it is necessary to make accurate distinctions.

Anon.

6. Eminence; superiority; elevation of rank in society, or elevation of character; honorable estimation. Men who hold a high rank by birth or office, and men who are eminent for their talents, services or worth, are called men of distinction, as being raised above others by positive institutions or by reputation. So we say, a man of note.

7. That which confers eminence or superiority; office, rank or public favor.

8. Discernment; judgment.

Johnson.

Distinctive

DISTINCT'IVE, adjective That marks distinction or difference; as distinctive names or titles.

2. Having the power to distinguish and discern. [Less proper.]

Brown.

Distinctively

DISTINCT'IVELY, adverb With distinction; plainly.

Distinctly

DISTINCT'LY, adverb Separately; with distinctness; not confusedly; without the blending of one part or thing with another; as a proposition distinctly understood; a figure distinctly defined. Hence,

2. Clearly; plainly; as, to view an object distinctly.

Distinctness

DISTINCT'NESS, noun The quality or state of being distinct; a separation or difference that prevents confusion of parts or things; as the distinctness of two ideas, or of distant objects.

2. Nice discrimination; whence, clearness; precision; as, he stated his arguments with great distinctness.

Distinguish

DISTIN'GUISH, verb transitive, [Latin distinguo; dis and stingo or stinguo, n not radical. This seems to be Greek, for the second future is, and the derivatives prove the primary elements to be stg, as in,. Hence also Latin stigo, whence instigo, to instigate. The primary sense is, to prick, to pierce with a sharp point, to thrust in or on; and we retain the precise word in the verb, to stick, which see. The practice of making marks by puncturing, or sticking, gave rise to the applications of this word, as such marks were used to note and ascertain different things, to distinguish them. See Extinguish, and Class Dg. No. 31.]

1. To ascertain and indicate difference by some external mark. The farmer distinguishes his sheep by marking their ears. The manufacturer distinguishes pieces of cloth by some mark or impression.

2. To separate one thing from another by some mark or quality; to know or ascertain difference.

First, by sight; as, to distinguish one's own children from others by their features.

Secondly, by feeling. A blind man distinguishes an egg from an orange, but rarely distinguishes colors.

Thirdly, by smell; as, it is easy to distinguish the smell of a peach from that of an apple.

Fourthly, by taste; as, to distinguish a plum from a pear.

Fifthly, by hearing; as, to distinguish the sound of a drum from that of a violin.

Sixthly, by the understanding; as, to distinguish vice from virtue, truth from falsehood.

3. To separate or divide by any mark or quality which constitutes difference. We distinguish sounds into high and low, soft and harsh, lively and grave. We distinguish causes into direct and indirect, immediate and mediate.

4. To discern critically; to judge.

Nor more can you distinguish of a man,

Than of his outward show.

Shak.

5. To separate from others by some mark of honor or preference. Homer and Virgil are distinguished as poets; Demosthenes and Cicero, as orators.

6. To make eminent or known.

Johnson.

Distinguish

DISTIN'GUISH, verb intransitive To make a distinction; to find or show the difference. It is the province of a judge to distinguish between cases apparently similar, but differing in principle.

Distinguishable

DISTIN'GUISHABLE, adjective Capable of being distinguished; that may be separated, known or made known, by notes of diversity, or by any difference. A tree at a distance is distinguishable from a shrub. A simple idea is not distinguishable into different ideas.

2. Worthy of note or special regard.

Swift.

Distinguished

DISTIN'GUISHED, participle passive Separated or known by a mark of difference, or by different qualities.

2. adjective Separated from others by superior or extraordinary qualities; whence, eminent; extraordinary; transcendent; noted; famous; celebrated. Thus, we admire distinguished men, distinguished talents or virtues, and distinguished services.

Distinguisher

DISTIN'GUISHER, noun He or that which distinguishes, or that separates one thing from another by marks of diversity.

Brown.

2. One who discerns accurately the difference of things; a nice or judicious observer.

Dryden.

Distinguishing

DISTIN'GUISHING, participle of the present tense Separating from others by a note of diversity; ascertaining difference by a mark.

2. Ascertaining, knowing or perceiving a difference.

3. adjective Constituting difference, or distinction from every thing else; peculiar; as the distinguishing doctrines of christianity.

Distinguishingly

DISTIN'GUISHINGLY, adverb With distinction; with some mark of preference.

Pope.

Distinguishment

DISTIN'GUISHMENT, noun Distinction; observation of difference.

Graunt.

Distitle

DISTI'TLE, verb transitive To deprive of right.

B. Johnson.

Distort

DISTORT', verb transitive [Latin distortus, distorqueo; dis and torqueo, to twist, French tordre, Spanish torcer.]

1. To twist out of natural or regular shape; as, to distort the neck, the limbs or the body; to distort the features.

2. To force or put out of the true posture or direction.

Wrath and malice, envy and revenge distort the understanding.

Tillotson.

3. To wrest from the true meaning; to pervert; as, to distort passages of scripture, or their meaning.

Distort

DISTORT', adjective Distorted.

Spenser.

Distorted

DISTORT'ED, participle passive Twisted out of natural or regular shape; wrested; perverted.

Distorting

DISTORT'ING, participle of the present tense Twisting out of shape; wresting; perverting.

Distortion

DISTOR'TION, noun [Latin distortio.] The act of distorting or wresting; a twisting out of regular shape; a twisting or writhing motion; as the distortions of the face or body.

2. The state of being twisted out of shape; deviation from natural shape or position; crookedness; grimace.

3. A perversion of the true meaning of words.

Distract

DISTRACT', verb transitive [Latin distractus, distraho; dis and traho, to draw. See Draw and Drag. The old participle distraught is obsolete.]

1. Literally, to draw apart; to pull in different directions, and separate. Hence, to divide; to separate; and hence, to throw into confusion. Sometimes in a literal sense. Contradictory or mistaken orders may distract an army.

2. To turn or draw from any object; to divert from any point, towards another point or toward various other objects; as, to distract the eye or the attention.

If he cannot avoid the eye of the observer, he hopes to distract it by a multiplicity of the object.

South.

3. To draw towards different objects; to fill with different considerations; to perplex; to confound; to harass; as, to distract the mind with cares; you distract me with your clamor.

While I suffer thy terrors, I am distracted. Psalm 88.

4. To disorder the reason; to derange the regular operations of intellect; to render raving or furious; most frequently used in the participle distracted.

Distract

DISTRACT', adjective Mad. [Not in use.]

Distracted

DISTRACT'ED, participle passive Drawn apart; drawn in different directions; diverted from its object; perplexed; harassed; confounded.

2. adjective Deranged; disordered in intellect; raving; furious; mad; frantic.

Locke.

Distractedly

DISTRACT'EDLY, adverb Madly; furiously; wildly.

Shak.

Distractedness

DISTRACT'EDNESS, noun A state of being mad; madness.

Bp. Hall.

Distracter

DISTRACT'ER, noun One who distracts.

More.

Distracting

DISTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing apart; separating; diverting from an object; perplexing; harassing; disordering the intellect.

Distraction

DISTRACT'ION, noun [Latin distractio.] The act of distracting; a drawing apart; separation.

2. Confusion from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and calling the attention different ways; perturbation of mind; perplexity; as, the family was in a state of distraction. [See I Corinthians 7.]

3. Confusion of affairs; tumult; disorder; as political distractions.

Never was known a night of such distraction.

Dryden.

4. Madness; a state of disordered reason; franticness; furiousness. [We usually apply this word to a state of derangement which produces raving and violence in the patient.]

5. Folly in the extreme, or amounting to insanity.

On the supposition of the truth of the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, irreligion is nothing better than distraction.

Buckminster.

Distractive

DISTRACT'IVE, adjective Causing perplexity; as distractive cares.

Dryden.

Distrain

DISTRA'IN, verb transitive [Latin distringo; dis and

stringo. See Strain. Blackstone writes distrein.]

1. To seize for debt; to take a personal chattel from the possession of a wrong-doer into the possession of the injured party, to satisfy a demand, or compel the performance of a duty; as, to distrain goods for rent, or for an amercement.

2. To rend; to tear. Obs.

Spenser.

Distrain

DISTRA'IN, verb intransitive To make seizure of goods.

On whom I cannot distrain for debt.

Camden.

For neglecting to do suit to the lord's court, or other personal service, the lord may distrain of common right.

Blackstone.

[In this phrase however some word seems to be understood; as, to distrain goods.]

Distrainable

DISTRA'INABLE; adjective That is liable to be taken for distress.

Blackstone.

Distrained

DISTRA'INED, participle passive Seized for debt or to compel the performance of duty.

Distraining

DISTRA'INING, participle of the present tense Seizing for debt, or for neglect of suit and service.

Distrainor

DISTRA'INOR, noun He who seizes goods for debt or service.

Blackstone.

Distraught

DISTRAUGHT'. obsolete [See Distract.]

Distream

DISTRE'AM, verb intransitive [dis and stream.] To spread or flow over.

Yet o'er that virtuous blush distreams a tear.

Shenstone.

Distress

DISTRESS', noun [French detresse; Norm. id.; from the Celtic, Welsh trais, violence, treisiaw, to strain or force. See Stress.]

1. The act of distraining; the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong committed.

Blackstone.

2. The thing taken by distraining; that which is seized to procure satisfaction.

A distress of household goods shall be impounded under cover. If the lessor does not find sufficient distress on the premises, &c.

Blackstone.

3. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; as, to suffer great distress from the gout, or from the loss of near friends.

4. Affliction; calamity; misery.

On earth distress of nations. Luke 21.

5. A state of danger; as a ship in distress, from leaking, loss of spars, or want of provisions or water, &c.

Distress

DISTRESS', verb transitive To pain; to afflict with pain or anguish; applied to the body or the mind. [Literally, to press or strain.]

2. To afflict greatly; to harass; to oppress with calamity; to make miserable.

Distress not the Moabites. Deuteronomy 2.

We are troubled on every side, but not distressed. 2 Corinthians 4.

3. To compel by pain or suffering.

There are men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice of duty.

Federalist, Hamilton.

Distressed

DISTRESS'ED, participle passive Suffering great pain or torture; severely afflicted; harassed; oppressed with calamity or misfortune.

Distressedness

DISTRESS'EDNESS, noun A state of being greatly pained.

Scott.

Distressful

DISTRESS'FUL, adjective Inflicting or bringing distress; as a distressful stroke.

Shak.

2. Indicating distress; proceeding from pain or anguish; as distressful cries.

Pope.

3. Calamitous; as a distressful event.

Watts.

4. Attended with poverty; as distressful bread.

Shak.

Distressing

DISTRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Giving severe pain; oppressing with affliction.

2. adjective Very afflicting; affecting with severe pain; as a distressing sickness.

Distributable

DISTRIB'UTABLE, adjective [See Distribute.] That may be distributed; that may be assigned in portions.

Ramsay.

Distribute

DISTRIB'UTE, v.t. [Latin distribuo; dis and tribuo, to give or divide.]

1. To divide among two or more; to deal; to give or bestow in parts or portions. Moses distributed lands to the tribes of Israel. Christ distributed the loaves to his disciples.

2. To dispense; to administer; as, to distribute justice.

3. To divide or separate, as into classes, orders, kinds or species.

4. To give in charity.

Distributing to the necessities of the saints. Romans 12.

5. In printing, to separate types, and place them in their proper cells in the cases.

Distributed

DISTRIB'UTED, participle passive Divided among a number; dealt out; assigned in portions; separated; bestowed.

Distributer

DISTRIB'UTER, noun One who divides or deals out in parts; one who bestows in portions; a dispenser.

Distributing

DISTRIB'UTING, participle of the present tense Dividing among a number; dealing out; dispensing.

Distribution

DISTRIBU'TION, noun [Latin distributio.] The act of dividing among a number; a dealing in parts of portions; as the distribution of an estate among heirs or children.

2. The act of giving in charity; a bestowing in parts.

Bacon. Atterbury.

3. Dispensation; administration to numbers; a rendering to individuals; as the distribution of justice.

4. The act of separating into distinct parts or classes; as the distribution of plants into genera and species.

5. In architecture, the dividing and disposing of the several parts of the building, according to some plan, or to the rules of the art.

6. In rhetoric, a division and enumeration of the several qualities of a subject.

7. In general, the division and disposition of the parts of any thing.

8. In printing, the taking a form apart; the separating of the types, and placing each letter in its proper cell in the cases.

Distributive

DISTRIB'UTIVE, adjective That distributes; that divides and assigns in portions; that deals to each his proper share; as distributive justice.

2. That assigns the various species of a general term.

3. That separates or divides; as a distributive adjective.

Distributive

DISTRIB'UTIVE, noun In grammar, a word that divides or distributes, as each and every, which represent the individuals of a collective number as separate.

Distributively

DISTRIB'UTIVELY, adverb By distribution; singly; not collectively.

Hooker. Watts.

Distributiveness

DISTRIB'UTIVENESS, noun Desire of distributing. [Little used.]

Fell.

District

DIS'TRICT, noun [Latin districtus, from distringo, to press hard, to bind; Italian distretto. See Distrain.]

1. Properly, a limited extent of country; a circuit within which power, right or authority may be exercised, and to which it is restrained; a word applicable to any portion of land or country, or to any part of a city or town, which is defined by law or agreement. A governor, a prefect, or a judge may have his district. Some of the states are divided into districts for the choice of senators, representatives or electors. Cities and towns are divided into districts for various purposes, as for schools, &c. The United States are divided into districts for the collection of the revenue.

2. A region; a territory within given lines; as the district of the earth which lies between the tropics, or that which is north of a polar circle.

3. A region; a country; a portion of territory without very definite limits; as the districts of Russia covered by forest.

District

DIS'TRICT, verb transitive To divide into districts or limited portions of territory. Legislatures district states for the choice of senators. In New England, towns are districted for the purpose of establishing and managing schools.

District-Court

DIS'TRICT-COURT, noun A court which has cognizance of certain causes within a district defined by law. The district-courts of the United States are courts of subordinate jurisdiction.

District-Judge

DIS'TRICT-JUDGE, noun The judge of a district-court.

U. States.

District-School

DIS'TRICT-SCHOOL, noun A school within a certain district of a town.

N. England.

Districted

DIS'TRICTED, participle passive Divided into districts or definite portions.

Districting

DIS'TRICTING, participle of the present tense Dividing into limited or definite portions.

Distriction

DISTRICTION, noun Sudden display. [Unusual.]

Collier.

Distringas

DISTRIN'GAS, noun In law, a writ commanding the sheriff to distrain a person for debt, or for his appearance at a certain day.

Distrust

DISTRUST', verb transitive [dis and trust. The Danes have mistrÃƒ-¶ster; the Swedes, misstr?sta. See Mistrust.]

1. To doubt or suspect the truth, fidelity, firmness or sincerity of; not to confide in or rely on. We distrust a man, when we question his veracity, &c. We may often distrust our own firmness.

2. To doubt; to suspect not to be real, true, sincere or firm. We distrust a man's courage, friendship, veracity, declarations, intentions or promises, when we question their reality or sincerity. We cannot distrust the declarations of God. We often have reason to distrust our own resolutions.

Distrust

DISTRUST', noun Doubt or suspicion of reality or sincerity; want of confidence, faith or reliance. Sycophants should be heard with distrust. Distrust mars the pleasures of friendship and social intercourse.

2. Discredit; loss of confidence.

Milton.

Distrusted

DISTRUST'ED, participle passive Doubted; suspected.

Distrustful

DISTRUST'FUL, adjective Apt to distrust; suspicious.

Boyle.

2. Not confident; diffident; as distrustful of ourselves.

3. Diffident; modest.

Pope.

Distrustfully

DISTRUST'FULLY, adverb In a distrustful manner; with doubt or suspicion.

Milton.

Distrustfulness

DISTRUST'FULNESS, noun The state of being distrustful; want of confidence.

Distrusting

DISTRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Doubting the reality or sincerity of; suspecting; not relying on or confiding in.

Distrustless

DISTRUST'LESS, adjective Free from distrust or suspicion.

Shenstone.

Distune

DISTU'NE, verb transitive To put out of tune. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Disturb

DISTURB', verb transitive [Spanish disturbar; Italian disturbare; Latin disturbo; dis and turbo, to trouble, disorder, discompose; turba, a crowd, a tumult; Greek or, a tumult; id. The primary sense seems to be to stir, or to turn or whirl round. The word trouble is probably from the Latin turbo, by transposition. If tr are the primary elements, as I suppose, the word coincides in origin with tour and turn. If t is a prefix, the word belongs to Class Rb, coinciding with the Swedish rubba, to remove, to trouble. See Class Rb. No. 3.4.34. and Class Dr. No.3.25.27.]

1. To stir; to move; to discompose; to excite from a state of rest or tranquillity. We say, the man is asleep, do not disturb him. Let the vessel stand, do not move the liquor, you will disturb the sediment. Disturb not the public peace.

2. To move or agitate; to disquiet; to excite uneasiness or a slight degree of anger in the mind; to move the passions; to ruffle. The mind may be disturbed by an offense given, by misfortune, surprise, contention, discord, jealousy, envy, &c.

3. To move from any regular course or operation; to interrupt regular order; to make irregular. It has been supposed that the approach of a comet may disturb the motions of the planets in their orbits. An unexpected cause may disturb a chimical operation, or the operation of medicine.

4. To interrupt; to hinder; to incommode. Care disturbs study. Let no person disturb my franchise.

5. To turn off from any direction; with from. [Unusual.]

Ã‚--And disturb

His inmost counsels from their destin'd aim.

Milton.

Disturb

DISTURB', noun Confusion; disorder. [Not used.]

Milton.

Disturbance

DISTURB'ANCE, noun A stirring or excitement; any disquiet or interruption of peace; as, to enter the church without making disturbance.

2. Interruption of a settled state of things; disorder; tumult. We have read much at times of disturbances in Spain, England and Ireland.

3. Emotion of the mind; agitation; excitement of passion; perturbation. The merchant received the news of his losses without apparent disturbance.

4. Disorder of thoughts; confusion.

They can survey a variety of complicated ideas, without fatigue or disturbance.

Watts.

5. In law, the hindering or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable enjoyment of his right; the interruption of a right; as the disturbance of a franchise, of common, of ways, of tenure, of patron age.

Blackstone.

Disturbed

DISTURB'ED, participle passive Stirred; moved; excited; discomposed; disquieted; agitated; uneasy.

Disturber

DISTURB'ER, noun One who disturbs or disquiets; a violator of peace; one who causes tumults or disorders.

2. He or that which excites passion or agitation; he or that which causes perturbation.

Shak.

3. In law, one that interrupts or incommodes another in the peaceable enjoyment of his right.

Disturbing

DISTURB'ING, participle of the present tense Moving; exciting; rendering uneasy; making tumult; interrupting peace; incommoding the quiet enjoyment of.

Disturn

DISTURN', verb transitive [dis and turn.] To turn aside. [Not in use.]

Daniel.

Disuniform

DISU'NIFORM, adjective disyu'niform. Not uniform. [Not in use.]

Coventry.

Disunion

DISU'NION, n. disyu'nion. [dis and union.]

Separation; disjunction; or a state of not being united. It sometimes denotes a breach of concord, and its effect, contention.

Disunite

DISUNI'TE, verb transitive disyuni'te. [dis and unite.]

To separate; to disjoin; to part; as, to disunite two allied countries; to disunite particles of matter; to disunite friends.

Disunite

DISUNI'TE, verb intransitive To part; to fall asunder; to become separate. Particles of matter may spontaneously disunite.

Disunited

DISUNI'TED, participle passive Separated; disjoined.

Disuniter

DISUNI'TER, noun He or that which disjoins.

Disuniting

DISUNI'TING, participle of the present tense Separating; parting.

Disunity

DISU'NITY, noun disyu'nity. A state of separation.

More.

Disusage

DISU'SAGE, n. disyu'zage. [dis and usage.] Gradual cessation of use or custom; neglect of use, exercise or practice. We lose words by disusage.

Disuse

DISU'SE, n. disyu'se. [dis and use.] Cessation of use, practice or exercise; as, the limbs lose their strength and pliability by disuse; language is altered by the disuse of words.

2. Cessation of custom; desuetude.

Disuse

DISU'SE, v. t. disyu'ze. [dis and use.] To cease to use; to neglect or omit to practice.

2. To disaccustom; with from, in or to; as disused to toils; disused from pain.

Disused

DISU'SED, pp. disyu'zed. No longer used; obsolete, as words, &c.

Priam in arms disused.

Dryden.

2. Disaccustomed.

Disusing

DISU'SING, ppr. disyu'zing. Ceasing to use; disaccustoming.

Disvaluation

DISVALUA'TION, noun [See Disvalue.] Dis esteem; disreputation.

Disvalue

DISVAL'UE, verb transitive [dis and value.] To undervalue; to disesteem.

Shak.

Disvalue

DISVAL'UE, noun Disesteem; disregard.

B. Johnson.

Disvouch

DISVOUCH', verb transitive [dis and vouch.] To discredit; to contradict.

Shak.

Diswarn

DISWARN', verb transitive [dis and warn.] To direct by previous notice. [Not used.]

Diswitted

DISWIT'TED, adjective Deprived of wits or understanding.

Drayton.

Diswont

DISWONT', verb transitive [dis and wont.] To wean; to deprive of wonted usage.

Bp. Hall.

Disworship

DISWOR'SHIP, noun [dis and worship.] Cause of disgrace.

Barret.

Dit

DIT, noun A ditty. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Dit

DIT, verb transitive [Saxon dyttan.] To close up. [Not used.]

More.

Ditation

DITA'TION, noun [Latin ditatus.] The act of making rich. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Ditch

DITCH, noun [Saxon dic, a ditch; Dutch dyk, a dike; German deich, a dike; deicher, a ditcher; Dutch dige, a ditch, a dike; Swedish dike; French digue; Ethiopic dachi, to dig. Class Dg. No 14. The primary sense is a digging or place dug. After the practice of embanking commenced, the word was used for the bank made by digging, the dike.]

1. A trench in the earth made by digging, particularly a trench for draining wet land, or for making a fence to guard inclosures, or for preventing an enemy from approaching a town or fortress. In the latter sense, it is called also a foss or moat, and is dug round the rampart or wall between the scarp and counterscarp.

Encyc.

2. Any long, hollow receptacle of water.

Ditch

DITCH, verb intransitive To dig or make a ditch or ditches.

Ditch

DITCH, verb transitive To dig a ditch or ditches in; to drain by a ditch; as, to ditch moist land.

2. To surround with a ditch.

Barret.

Ditch-Delivered

DITCH-DELIV'ERED, adjective Brought forth in a ditch.

Shak.

Ditcher

DITCH'ER, noun One who digs ditches.

Ditching

DITCH'ING, participle of the present tense Digging ditches; also, draining by a ditch or ditches; as ditching a swamp.

Ditetrahedral

DITETRAHE'DRAL, adjective [dis and tetrahedral.] In crystalography, having the form of a tetrahedral prism with dihedral summits.

Cleaveland.

Dithyramb

DITH'YRAMB, or DITHYRAMB'US, noun [Greek, a title of Bacchus, the signification of which is not settled. See Heder. Lex. and Bochart De Phoen. Col. Lib.1. Ca. 18.]

In ancient poetry, a hymn in honor of Bacchus, full of transport, and poetical rage. Of this species of writing we have no remains.

Encyc.

Dithyrambic

DITHYRAMB'IC, noun A song in honor of Bacchus, in which the wildness of intoxication is imitated.

Johnson.

2. Any poem written in wild enthusiastic strains.

Walsh.

Dithyrambic

DITHYRAMB'IC, adjective Wild; enthusiastic.

Cowley.

Dition

DI'TION, noun [Latin ditio.] Rule; power; government; dominion.

Evelyn.

Ditone

DI'TONE, noun [Greek, and, tone.] In music, an interval comprehending two tones. The proportion of the sounds that form the ditone is 4:5and that of the semiditone, 5:6.

Encyc.

Ditrihedria

DITRIHE'DRIA, noun [Greek, and, twice three sides.]

In mineralogy, a genus of spars with six sides or planes; being formed of two trigonal pyramids joined base to base, without an intermediate column.

Encyc.

Dittander

DITTAN'DER, noun Pepper-wort, Lepidium, a genus of plants of many species. The common dittander has a hot biting taste, and is sometimes used in lieu of pepper.

Encyc.

Dittany

DIT'TANY, noun [Latin dictamnus; Greek, or.]

The white dittany is a plant of the genus Dictamnus. Its leaves are covered with a white down; in smell, they resemble lemon-thyme, but are more aromatic. When fresh, they yield an essential oil.

The dittany of Crete is a species of Origanum, and the bastard dittany is a species of Marrubium.

Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Dittied

DIT'TIED, adjective [See Ditty.] Sung; adapted to music.

He, with his soft pipe, and smooth dittied song.

Milton.

Ditto

DIT'TO, contracted into do, in books of accounts, is the Italian detto, from Latin dictum, dictus, said. It denotes said, aforesaid, or the same thing; an abbreviation used to save repetition.

Ditty

DIT'TY, noun [supposed to be from the Dutch dicht, a poem, Saxon diht, dihtan. If so, it coincides in origin with the Latin dico, dictum.]

A song; a sonnet or a little poem to be sung.

And to the warbling lute soft ditties sing.

Sandys.

Ditty

DIT'TY, verb intransitive To sing; to warble a little tune.

Herbert.

Diuretic

DIURET'IC, adjective [Greek, from, and, urinam reddo, urine.]

Having the power to provoke urine; tending to produce discharges of urine.

Coxe.

Diuretic

DIURET'IC, noun A medicine that provokes urine, or increases its discharges.

Diurnal

DIURN'AL, adjective [Latin diurnus, daily; Welsh diwrnod, a day. The word is a compound of diw, dies, day, and a word which I do not understand.]

1. Relating to a day; pertaining to the daytime; as diurnal heat; diurnal hours.

2. Daily; happening every day; performed in a day; as a diurnal task.

3. Performed in 24 hours; as the diurnal revolution of the earth.

4. In medicine, an epithet of diseases whose exacerbations are in the day time; as a diurnal fever.

Parr.

Diurnal

DIURN'AL, noun A day-book; a journal. [See Journal, which is mostly used.]

Diurnalist

DIURN'ALIST, noun A journalist. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Diurnally

DIURN'ALLY, adverb Daily; every day.

Diuturnal

DIUTURN'AL, adjective Lasting; being of long continuance.

Milton.

Diuturnity

DIUTURN'ITY, noun [Latin diuturnitas, from diuturnus, of long continuance, from diu, dies.] Length of time; long duration.

Brown.

Divan

DIVAN', noun [Arabic Pers. diwan. The Arabic verb is rendered, to be low, mean, vile, contemptible, [qu. down,] and also, to write on a white table. Hence divan is a register or table of names or accounts, and hence it came to signify a court or council assembled, as we use board and exchequer.]

1. Among the Turks and other orientals, a court of justice, or a council.

2. A council-chamber; a hall; a court.

3. Any council assembled.

Pope. Milton.

Divaricate

DIVAR'ICATE, verb intransitive [Latin divaricatus, divarico; di, dis, and varico, to straddle.]

To open; to fork; to part into two branches.

Woodward.

Divaricate

DIVAR'ICATE, verb transitive To divide into two branches.

Grew.

Divaricate

DIVAR'ICATE, adjective In botany, standing out wide. A divaricate branch forms an obtuse angle with the stem. It is applied also to panicles, peduncles and petioles.

Martyn.

Divaricated

DIVAR'ICATED, participle passive Parted into two branches.

Divaricating

DIVAR'ICATING, participle of the present tense Parting into two branches.

Divarication

DIVARICA'TION, noun A parting; a forking; a separation into two branches.

2. A crossing or intersection of fibers at different angles.

Coxe.

Dive

DIVE, verb intransitive [Saxon dyfan, ge-dufian; Greek; Italian tuffare; coinciding with dip, Hebrew Chaldee. The same word in Syriac and Arabic signifies to stamp, strike, print, impress. Class Db. No 28. The sense then is, to thrust or drive.]

1. To descend or plunge into water, as an animal head first; to thrust the body into water or other liquor, or if already in water, to plunge deeper. In the pearl fishery men are employed to dive for shells.

2. To go deep into any subject; as, to dive into the nature of things, into arts or science.

Dryden.

3. To plunge into any business or condition, so as to be thoroughly engaged in it.

Shak.

4. To sink; to penetrate.

Dive, thoughts, down to my soul.

Shak.

Dive

DIVE, verb transitive To explore by diving. [Rare.]

The Curtii bravely dived the gulf of fame.

Denham.

Divel

DI'VEL, noun A large cartilaginous fish, with a bifurcated snout; the sea duvvil of Nieuhoff.

Pennant.

Divellent

DIVEL'LENT, adjective [Latin divellens, divello; dis and vello, to pull.] Drawing asunder; separating.

Divellicate

DIVEL'LICATE, verb transitive To pull in pieces.

Diver

DI'VER, noun One who dives; one who plunges head first into water; one who sinks by effort; as a diver in the pearl fishery.

2. One who goes deep into a subject, or enters deep into study.

3. A fowl, so called from diving. The name is given to several species of the genus Colymbus.

Diverb

DI'VERB, noun A proverb. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Diverge

DIVERGE, v. i. diverj'. [Latin divergo; di, dis, and vergo, to incline.]

To tend from one point and recede from each other; to shoot, extend or proceed from a point in different directions, or not in parallel lines. Rays of light proceed from the sun and continually diverge. It is opposed to converge.

Divergence

DIVERG'ENCE, noun A receding from each other; a going farther apart; as the divergence of lines, or the angle of divergence.

Gregory.

Divergent

DIVERG'ENT, adjective Departing or receding from each other, as lines which proceed from the same point; opposed to convergent.

Diverging

DIVERG'ING, participle of the present tense Receding from each other, as they proceed.

Divergingly

DIVERG'INGLY, adverb In a diverging manner.

Divers

DI'VERS, a. s as z. [French divers; Latin diversus, from diverto; di, dis, and verto, to turn.]

1. Different; various.

Thou shalt not sow thy fields with divers seeds. Deuteronomy 22.

Nor let thy cattle gender with divers kinds. Leviticus 19.

[This is now generally written diverse.]

2. Several; sundry; more than one, but not a great number. We have divers examples of this kind.

[This word is not obsolete even in common discourse, and is much used in law-proceedings.]

Divers-Colored

DI'VERS-COLORED, adjective Having various colors.

Shak.

Diverse

DI'VERSE, adjective [Latin diversus.] Different; differing.

Four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from another. Danish vii.

2. Different from itself; various; multiform. Eloquence is a diverse thing.

B. Jonson.

3. In different directions.

And with tendrils creep diverse.

Philips.

Diverse

DIVERSE, v. i. divers'. To turn aside.

[Not used.]

Spenser.

Diversification

DIVERSIFICA'TION, noun [See Diversify.]

1. The act of changing forms or qualities, or of making various.

Boyle.

2. Variation; variegation.

3. Variety of forms.

Hale.

4. Change; alteration.

Diversified

DIVERS'IFIED, participle passive Made various in form or qualities; variegated; altered.

2. adjective Distinguished by various forms, or by a variety of objects; as diversified scenery; a diversified landscape.

Diversiform

DIVERS'IFORM, adjective [diversus and forma.]

Of a different form; of various forms.

Dict.

Diversify

DIVERS'IFY, verb transitive [French diversifier; Spanish diversificar; Latin diversus and facio.]

1. To make different or various in form or qualities; to give variety to; to variegate; as, to diversify the colors of a robe; to diversify a landscape with mountains, plains, trees and lakes.

2. To give diversity to; to distinguish by different things; as a council diversified by different characters.

3. In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging on what has been briefly stated, by brief recapitulation, by adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods, &c.

Diversifying

DIVERS'IFYING, participle of the present tense Making various in form or qualities; giving variety to; variegating.

Diversion

DIVER'SION, noun [French from Latin diverto, to divert.]

1. The act of turning aside from any course; as the diversion of a stream from its usual channel; the diversion of a purpose to another object; the diversion of the mind from business or study.

2. That which diverts; that which turns or draws the mind from care, business or study, and thus relaxes and amuses; sport; play; pastime; whatever unbends the mind; as the diversions of youth. Works of wit and humor furnish an agreeable diversion to the studious.

3. In war, the act of drawing the attention and force of an enemy from the point where the principal attack is to be made, as by an attack or alarm on one wing of an army, when the other wing or center is intended for the principal attack. The enemy, if deceived, is thus induced to withdraw a part of his force from the part where his foe intends to make the main impression.

Diversity

DIVERS'ITY, noun [Latin diversitas; French diversitÃƒ-©; from Latin diversus, diverto.]

1. Difference; dissimilitude; unlikeness.

There may be diversity without contrariety.

There is a great diversity in human constitutions.

2. Variety; as a diversity of ceremonies in churches.

3. Distinct being, as opposed to identity.

Locke.

4. Variegation.

Blushing in bright diversities of day.

Pope.

Diversly

DI'VERSLY, adverb [from diverse.] In different ways; differently; variously; as, a passage of scripture diversly interpreted or understood.

2. In different directions; to different points.

On life's vast ocean diversly we sail.

Pope.

Divert

DIVERT', verb transitive [Latin diverto; di, dis, and verto, to turn; French divertir; Spanish id.; Italian divertire.]

1. To turn off from any course, direction or intended application; to turn aside; as, to divert a river from its usual channel; to divert commerce from its usual course; to divert appropriated money to other objects; to divert a man from his purpose.

2. To turn the mind from business or study; hence, to please; to amuse; to entertain; to exhilarate. Children are diverted with sports; men are diverted with works of wit and humor; low minds are diverted with buffoonery in stage-playing.

3. To draw the forces of an enemy to a different point.

Davies.

4. To subvert. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Diverted

DIVERT'ED, participle passive Turned aside; turned or drawn from any course, or from the usual or intended direction; pleased; amused; entertained.

Diverter

DIVERT'ER, noun He or that which diverts, turns off, or pleases.

Diverticle

DIVERT'ICLE, noun [Latin diverticulum.] A turning; a by-way. [Not used.]

Hale.

Diverting

DIVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning off from any course; pleasing; entertaining.

2. adjective Pleasing; amusing; entertaining; as a diverting scene or sport.

Divertise

DIVERTI'SE, v. t. s as z. [French divertir, divertissant.] To divert; to please. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Divertisement

DIVER'TISEMENT, noun Diversion. [Little used.] Originally, a certain air or dance between the acts of the French opera, or a musical composition.

Divertive

DIVERT'IVE, adjective Tending to divert; amusing.

Rogers.

Divest

DIVEST', verb transitive [French devÃƒ-ªtir; de and vÃƒ-ªtir, to clothe, Latin vestio. It is the same word as devest, but the latter is appropriately used as a technical term in law.]

1. To strip of clothes, arms or equipage; opposed to invest.

2. To deprive; as, to divest one of his rights or privileges; to divest one of title or property.

3. To deprive or strip of any thing that covers, surrounds or attends; as, to divest one of his glory; to divest a subject of deceptive appearances, or false ornaments.

Divested

DIVEST'ED, participle passive Stripped; undressed; deprived.

Divesting

DIVEST'ING, participle of the present tense Stripping; putting off; depriving.

Divestiture

DIVEST'ITURE, or DIVEST'URE, noun The act of stripping, putting off, or depriving.

Boyle. Encyc.

Dividable

DIVI'DABLE, adjective [See Divide.] That may be divided.

2. Separate; parted. [Not used nor proper.]

Shak.

Divide

DIVI'DE, verb transitive [Latin divido; di, or dis and iduo, that is, viduo, to part. The Greek,, are from the same root, as is the Latin individuus, viduus, vidua, widow, and wide and void. See the latter words.]

1. To part or separate an entire thing; to part a thing into two or more pieces.

Divide the living child in two. 1 Kings 3.

2. To cause to be separate; to keep apart by a partition or by an imaginary line or limit. A wall divides two houses. The equator divides the earth into two hemispheres.

Let the firmament divide the waters from the waters. Genesis 1.

3. To make partition of, among a number.

Ye shall divide the land by lot. Numbers 33.

4. To open; to cleave.

Thou didst divide the sea. Nehemiah 9.

5. To disunite in opinion or interest; to make discordant.

There shall be five in one house divided, three against twoÃ‚-- Luke 12.

6. To distribute; to separate and bestow in parts or shares.

And he divided to them his living. Luke 15.

7. To make dividends; to apportion the interest or profits of stock among proprietors; as, the bank divides six per cent.

8. To separate into two parts, for ascertaining opinions for and against a measure; as, to divide a legislative house, in voting.

Divide

DIVI'DE, verb intransitive To part; to open; to cleave.

2. To break friendship; as, brothers divide.

Shak.

3. To vote by the division of a legislative house into two parts.

The emperors sat, voted and divided with their equals.

Gibbon.

Divided

DIVI'DED, participle passive Parted; disunited; distributed.

Dividedly

DIVI'DEDLY, adverb Separately.

Knatchbull.

Dividend

DIV'IDEND, noun A part or share; particularly, the share of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other employment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his proportion of the stock or capital.

2. In arithmetic, the number to be divided into equal parts.

Divider

DIVI'DER, noun He or that which divides; that which separates into parts.

2. A distributor; one who deals out to each his share.

Who made me a judge or divider over you. Luke 12.

3. He or that which disunites.

Swift.

4. A kind of compasses.

Dividing

DIVI'DING, participle of the present tense Parting; separating; distributing; disuniting; apportioning to each his share.

2. adjective That indicates separation or difference; as a dividing line.

Dividing

DIVI'DING, noun Separation.

Dividual

DIVID'UAL, adjective [Latin dividuus, from divido.] Divided, shared or participated in common with others. [Little used.]

Milton.

Divination

DIVINA'TION, noun [Latin divinatio, from divino, to foretell, from divinus. See Divine.]

1. The act of divining; a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or by other than human means. The ancient heathen philosophers divided divination into two kinds, natural and artificial. Natural divination was supposed to be effected by a kind of inspiration or divine afflatus; artificial divination was effected by certain rites, experiments or observations, as by sacrifices, cakes, flour, wine, observation of entrails, flight of birds, lots, verses, omens, position of the stars, &c.

Encyc.

2. Conjectural presage; prediction.

Shak.

Divinator

DIV'INATOR, noun One who pretends to divination.

Divinatory

DIVIN'ATORY, adjective Professing divination.

Divine

DIVI'NE, adjective [Latin divinus, from divus, a god, coinciding in origin with deus,.]

1. Pertaining to the true God; as the divine nature; divine perfections.

2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods.

3. Partaking of the nature of God.

Half human, half divine.

Dryden.

4. Proceeding from God; as divine judgments.

5. Godlike; heavenly; excellent in the highest degree; extraordinary; apparently above what is human. In this application the word admits of comparison; as a divine invention; a divine genius; the divinest mind.

Davies.

A divine sentence is in the lips of the king. Proverbs 16.

6. Presageful; foreboding; prescient. [Not used.]

Milton.

7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise; as divine service; divine songs; divine worship.

Divine

DIVI'NE, noun A minister of the gospel; a priest; a clergyman.

Swift.

The first divines of New England were surpassed by none in extensive erudition, personal sanctity, and diligence in the pastoral office.

J. Woodbridge.

2. A man skilled in divinity; a theologian; as a great divine.

Divine

DIVI'NE, verb transitive [Latin divino.] To foreknow; to foretell; to presage.

Dar'st thou divine his downfall?

Shak.

2. To deify. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Divine

DIVI'NE, verb intransitive To use or practice divination.

2. To utter presages or prognostications.

The prophets thereof divine for money. Micah 3.

3. To have presages or forebodings.

Suggest but truth to my divining thoughtsÃ‚--

Shak.

4. To guess or conjecture.

Could you divine what lovers bear.

Granville.

Divinely

DIVI'NELY, adverb In a divine or godlike manner; in a manner resembling deity.

2. By the agency or influence of God; as a prophet divinely inspired; divinely taught.

3. Excellently; in the supreme degree; as divinely fair; divinely brave.

Divineness

DIVI'NENESS, noun Divinity; participation of the divine nature; as the divineness of the scriptures. [Little used.]

2. Excellence in the supreme degree.

Shak.

Diviner

DIVI'NER, noun One who professes divination; one who pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means.

These nations hearkened to diviners. Deuteronomy 18.

2. One who guesses; a conjecturer.

Locke.

Divineress

DIVI'NERESS, noun A female diviner; a woman professing divination.

Dryden.

Diving

DI'VING, participle of the present tense [See Dive.] Plunging or sinking into water or other liquid; applied to animals only.

2. Going deep into a subject.

Diving-Bell

DI'VING-BELL, noun A hollow vessel in form of a truncated cone or pyramid, with the smaller base close, and the larger one open, in which a person may descend into deep water and remain, till the inclosed air ceases to be respirable.

Divinity

DIVIN'ITY, noun [Latin divinitas; French divinitÃƒ-©; Italian divinitÃƒ- ; Spanish divinidad; from divinus, divus.]

1. The state of being divine; Deity; God-head; the nature or essence of God. Christians ascribe divinity to one Supreme Being only.

2. God; the Deity; the Supreme Being.

'Tis the Divinity that stirs within us.

Addison.

3. A false God; a pretended deity of pagans.

Beastly divinities, and droves of gods.

Prior.

4. A celestial being, inferior to the Supreme God, but superior to man. Many nations believe in these inferior divinities.

5. Something supernatural.

They say there is divinity in odd numbers.

Shak.

6. The science of divine things; the science which unfolds the character of God, his laws and moral government, the duties of man, and the way of salvation; theology; as the study of divinity; a system of divinity.

Divisibility

DIVISIBIL'ITY, noun [French divisibilitÃƒ-©, from Latin divisibilis. See Divide.]

The quality of being divisible; the property of bodies by which their parts or component particles are capable of separation.

Locke.

Divisible

DIVIS'IBLE, a. s as z. [Latin divisibilis, from divido. See Divide.]

Capable of division; that may be separated or disunited; separable. Matter is divisible indefinitely.

Divisibleness

DIVIS'IBLENESS, noun Divisibility; capacity of being separated.

Division

DIVI'SION, n. s as z. [Latin divisio, from divido, divisi. See Divide.]

1. The act of dividing or separating into parts, any entire body.

2. The state of being divided.

3. That which divides or separates; that which keeps apart; partition.

4. The part separated from the rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary; as the divisions of a field.

5. A separate body of men; as, communities and divisions of men.

Addison.

6. A part or distinct portion; as the divisions of a discourse.

7. A part of an army or militia; a body consisting of a certain number of brigades, usually two, and commanded by a major-general. But the term is often applied to other bodies or portions of an army, as to a brigade, a squadron or a platoon.

8. A part of a fleet, or a select number of ships under a commander, and distinguished by a particular flag or pendant.

9. Disunion; discord; variance; difference.

There was a division among the people. John 7.

10. Space between the notes of music, or the dividing of the tones.

Johnson. Bailey.

11. Distinction.

I will put a division between my people and thy people. Exodus 8.

12. The separation of voters in a legislative house.

13. In arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any parts assigned; or the rule by which is found how many times one number is contained in another.

Divisional

DIVI'SIONAL, or DIVI'SIONARY, adjective Pertaining to division; noting or making division; as a divisional line.

Divisioner

DIVI'SIONER, noun One who divides. [Not used.]

Sheldon.

Divisive

DIVI'SIVE, adjective Forming division or distribution.

Mede.

2. Creating division or discord.

Burnet.

Divisor

DIVI'SOR, noun In arithmetic, the number by which the dividend is divided.

Divorce

DIVORCE, noun [French divorce; Spanish divorcio; Italian divorzio; Latin divortium, from divorto, a different orthography of diverto, to turn away. See Divert.]

1. A legal dissolution of the bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and wife by a judicial sentence. This is properly a divorce, and called technically, divorce a vinculo matrimonii.

2. The separation of a married woman from the bed and board of her husband, a mensa et thoro.

3. Separation; disunion of things closely united.

4. The sentence or writing by which marriage is dissolved.

5. The cause of any penal separation.

The long divorce of steel falls on me.

Shak.

Divorce

DIVORCE, verb transitive To dissolve the marriage contract, and thus to separate husband and wife.

2. To separate, as a married woman from the bed and board of her husband.

3. To separate or disunite things closely connected; to force asunder.

Hooker. Shak.

4. To take away; to put away.

Blackmore.

Divorced

DIVORCED, participle passive Separated by a dissolution of the marriage contract; separated from bed and board; parted; forced asunder.

Divorcement

DIVORCEMENT, noun Divorce; dissolution of the marriage tie.

Let him write her a bill of divorcement. Deuteronomy 24.

Divorcer

DIVORCER, noun The person or cause that produces divorce.

Drummond.

2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have sprung from Milton.

Divorcing

DIVORCING, participle of the present tense Dissolving the marriage contract; separating from bed and board; disuniting.

Divorcive

DIVORCIVE, adjective Having power to divorce.

Milton.

Divulgate

DIVUL'GATE, adjective Published. [Little used.]

Divulgation

DIVULGA'TION, noun The act of divulging or publishing.

Divulge

DIVULGE, v. t. divulj'. [Latin divulgo; di or dis and vulgo, to make public, from vulgus, the common people, as publish, public, from Latin populus, people.]

1. To make public; to tell or make known something before private or secret; to reveal; to disclose; as, to divulge the secret sentiments of a friend; to divulge the proceedings of the cabinet. Divulge is more generally applied to verbal disclosures, and publish to printed accounts. But they may be used synonymously. We may publish by words, and divulge by the press.

2. To declare by a public act; to proclaim. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Divulged

DIVULG'ED, participle passive Made public; revealed; disclosed; published.

Divulger

DIVULG'ER, noun One who divulges or reveals.

Divulging

DIVULG'ING, participle of the present tense Disclosing; publishing; revealing.

Divulsion

DIVUL'SION, noun [Latin divulsio, from divellor; di, dis, and vello, to pull.]

The act of pulling or plucking away; a rending asunder.

And dire divulsions shook the changing world.

J. Barlow.

Divulsive

DIVUL'SIVE, adjective That pulls asunder; that rends.

Kirwan.

Dizen

DIZ'EN, v. t. diz'n. To dress gayly; to deck.

Swift.

This word is not esteemed elegant, and is nearly obsolete. Its compound bedizen is used in burlesque.

Dizz

DIZZ, verb transitive [See Dizzy.] To astonish; to puzzle; to make dizzy. [Not used.]

Gayton.

Dizzard

DIZ'ZARD, noun [See Dizzy.] A blockhead. [Not used.]

Dizziness

DIZ'ZINESS, noun [See Dizzy.] Giddiness; a whirling in the head; vertigo.

Dizzy

DIZ'ZY, adjective [Saxon dysi or dysig, foolish; dysignesse, folly; dysian, to be foolish; gedisigan, to err; German dusel, dizziness; duselig, dizzy; Dutch deuzig, stupid; dyzig, misty, hazy; Danish taasse, a foolish person; qu. dÃƒ-¶ser, to make sleepy.]

1. Giddy; having a sensation of whirling in the head, with instability or proneness to fall; vertiginous.

2. Causing giddiness; as a dizzy highth.

3. Giddy; thoughtless; heedless; as the dizzy multitude.

Milton.

Dizzy

DIZ'ZY, verb transitive To whirl round; to make giddy; to confuse.

Shak.

Do

DO, verb transitive or auxiliary; pret. did; pp. done, pronounced dun. This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative, present tense, thus, I do, thou doest, he does or doth; when auxiliary, the second person is, thou dost. [Saxon don; Dutch doen; German thun; Gothic tauyan; Russian deyu or dayu. This is probably a contracted word, for in Saxon dohte signifies made or did, as if the pret. of this verb. If the elements are dg, it coincides in elements with Saxon dugan, to be able, and with teagan, to taw, as leather.]

1. To perform; to execute; to carry into effect; to exert labor or power for bringing any thing to the state desired, or to completion; or to bring any thing to pass. We say, this man does his work well; he

does more in one day than some men will do in two days.

In six days thou shalt do all thy work. Exodus 20.

I will teach you what ye shall do. Exodus 4.

I the Lord do all these things. Isaiah 45.

2. To practice; to perform; as, to do good or evil.

3. To perform for the benefit or injury of another; with for or to; for, when the thing is beneficial; to, in either case.

Till I know what God will do for me. I Samaritan xxii.

Do to him neither good nor evil. But to is more generally omitted. Do him neither good nor harm.

4. To execute; to discharge; to convey; as, do a message to the king.

5. To perform; to practice; to observe.

We lie and do not the truth. 1 John 1.

6. To exert.

Do thy diligence to come shortly to me. 2 Timothy 4.

7. To transact; as, to do business with another.

8. To finish; to execute or transact and bring to a conclusion. The sense of completion is often implied in this verb; as, we will do the business and adjourn; we did the business and dined.

9. To perform in an exigency; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort; to take a step or measure; as, in this crisis, we knew not what to do.

What will ye do in the day of visitation. Isaiah 10.

10. To make or cause.

Nothing but death can do me to respire. Obs.

Spenser.

11. To put. Obs.

Who should do the duke to death?

Shak.

12. To answer the purpose.

I'll make the songs of Durfey do.

To have to do, to have concern with.

What have I to do with you? 2 Samuel 16.

What have I to do any more with idols? Hosea 14.

To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ. Commerce is dull; we know not what to do with our ships. Idle men know not what to do with their time or with themselves.

Also, to gain; to effect by influence.

A jest with a sad brow will do with a fellow who never had the ache in his shoulders.

Shak.

I can do nothing with this obstinate fellow.

Anon.

Also, to have concern with; to have business; to deal. [See No. 12.]

To do away, to remove; to destroy; as, to do away imperfections; to do away prejudices.

Do

DO, verb intransitive To act or behave, in any manner, well or ill; to conduct one's self.

They fear not the Lord, neither do they after the law and commandment. 2 Kings 17.

2. To fare; to be in a state with regard to sickness or health.

How dost thou?

Shak.

We asked him how he did. How do you do, or how do you?

3. To succeed; to accomplish a purpose.

We shall do without him. Will this plan do?

Addison.

Also, to fit; to be adapted; to answer the design; with for; as, this piece of timber will do for the corner post; this tenon will do for the mortise; the road is repaired and will do for the present.

To have to do with, to have concern or business with; to deal with. Have little to do with jealous men.

Also, to have carnal commerce with.

Do is used for a verb to save the repetition of it. I shall probably come, but if I do not, you must not wait; that is, if I do not come, if I come not.

Do is also used in the imperative, to express an urgent request or command; as, do come; help me, do; make haste, do. In this case, do is uttered with emphasis.

As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. Do you intend to go? Does he wish me to come?

Do is also used to express emphasis. She is coquetish, but still I do love her.

Do is sometimes a mere expletive.

This just reproach their virtue does excite.

Dryden.

Expletives their feeble aid do join.

Pope.

[The latter use of do is nearly obsolete.]

Do is sometimes used by way of opposition; as, I did love him, but he has lost my affections.

Doat

DOAT. [See Dote.]

Docible

DO'CIBLE, adjective [See Docile.] Teachable; docile; tractable; easily taught or managed.

Milton.

Docibility

DOCIBIL'ITY, or DO'CIBLENESS, noun Teachableness; docility; readiness to learn.

Walton.

Docile

DO'CILE, adjective [Latin docilis, from doceo, to teach. Doceo and teach are the same word. See Teach.]

Teachable; easily instructed; ready to learn; tractable; easily managed. Some children are far more docile than others. Dogs are more docile than many other animals.

Docility

DOCIL'ITY, noun Teachableness; readiness to learn; aptness to be taught. The docility of elephants is remarkable.

Docimacy

DO'CIMACY, noun [Greek. See the next word.]

The art or practice of assaying metals; metallurgy.

Med. Repos.

Docimastic

DOCIMAS'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to try, essay, examine, from, proved, from, to prove. Chaldee. Class Dg. No. 9.]

Properly, essaying, proving by experiments, or relating to the assaying of metals. The docimastic art is otherwise called metallurgy. It is the art of assaying metals, or the art of separating them from foreign matters, and determining the nature and quantity of metallic substance contained in any ore or mineral.

Lavoisier.

Dock

DOCK, noun [Saxon docce; Latin daucus; Greek; from Arabic Syriac Class Dg. No. 9.]

A genus of plants, the Rumex, of several species. Its root resembles a carrot.

Dock

DOCK, verb transitive [Welsh tociaw, and twciaw, to clip, to cut off; whence docket and ticket. Class Dg. No. 19. 47.]

1. To cut off, as the end of a thing; to curtail; to cut short; to clip; as, to dock the tail of a horse.

2. To cut off a part; to shorten; to deduct from; as, to dock an account.

3. To cut off, destroy or defeat; to bar; as, to dock an entail.

4. To bring, draw or place a ship in a dock.

Dock

DOCK, noun The tail of a beast cut short or clipped; the stump of a tail; the solid part of the tail.

2. A case of leather to cover a horse's dock.

Encyc.

Dock

DOCK, noun A broad deep trench on the side of a harbor, or bank of a river, in which ships are built or repaired. A dry dock has flood-gates to admit the tide, and to prevent the influx, as occasion may require. Wet docks have no flood-gates, but ships may be repaired in them during the recess of the tide. Wet docks are also constructed with gates to keep the water in at ebb tide, so that vessels may lie constantly afloat in them.

Mar. Dict. Cyc.

In America, the spaces between wharves are called docks.

Dock-Yard

DOCK'-YARD, noun A yard or magazine near a harbor, for containing all kinds of naval stores and timber.

Docket

DOCK'ET, noun [Welsh tociaw, to cut off, to clip, to dock; hence docket is a piece.]

1. A small piece of paper or parchment, containing the heads of a writing. Also, a subscription at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of the dockets.

Bailey.

2. A bill, tied to goods, containing some direction, as the name of the owner, or the place to which they are to be sent. [See Ticket.]

Bailey.

3. An alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a catalogue of the names of the parties who have suits depending in a court. In some of the states, this is the principal or only use of the word.

Docket

DOCK'ET, verb transitive To make an abstract or summary of the heads of a writing or writings; to abstract and enter in a book; as, judgments regularly docketed.

Blackstone.

2. To enter in a docket; to mark the contents of papers on the back of them.

3. To mark with a docket.

Chesterfield.

Docking

DOCK'ING, participle of the present tense Clipping; cutting off the end; placing in a dock.

Docking

DOCK'ING, noun The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock.

Mar. Dict.

Doctor

DOC'TOR, noun [Latin from doceo, to teach.] A teacher.

There stood up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law. Acts 5.

2. One who has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowered to practice and teach it, as a doctor in divinity, in physic, in law; or according to modern usage, a person who has received the highest degree in a faculty. The degree of doctor is conferred by universities and colleges, as an honorary mark of literary distinction. It is also conferred on physicians, as a professional degree.

3. A learned man; a man skilled in a profession; a man of erudition.

Dryden. Digby.

4. A physician; one whose occupation is to cure diseases.

5. The title, doctor, is given to certain fathers of the church whose opinions are received as authorities, and in the Greek church, it is given to a particular officer who interprets the scriptures.

Encyc.

Doctor's Commons, the college of civilians in London.

Doctor

DOC'TOR, verb transitive To apply medicines for the cure of diseases. [A popular use of this word but not elegant.]

Doctor

DOC'TOR, verb intransitive To practice physic. [Not elegant.]

Doctoral

DOC'TORAL, adjective Relating to the degree of a doctor.

Johnson.

Doctorally

DOC'TORALLY, adverb In the manner of a doctor.

Hakewill.

Doctorate

DOC'TORATE, noun The degree of a doctor.

Encyc.

Doctorate

DOC'TORATE, verb transitive To make a doctor by conferring a degree.

Warton.

Doctorly

DOC'TORLY, adjective Like a learned man.

Bp. Hall.

Doctorship

DOC'TORSHIP, noun The degree or rank of a doctor.

Clarendon.

[Doctorate is now generally used.]

Doctress

DOC'TRESS, or DOC'TORESS, noun A female physician.

Doctrinal

DOC'TRINAL, adjective [See Doctrine.] Pertaining to doctrine; containing a doctrine or something taught; as a doctrinal observation; a doctrinal proposition.

2. Pertaining to the act or means of teaching.

The word of God serveth no otherwise, than in the nature of a doctrinal instrument.

Hooker.

Doctrinal

DOC'TRINAL, noun Something that is a part of doctrine.

South.

Doctrinally

DOC'TRINALLY, adverb In the form of doctrine or instruction; by way of teaching or positive direction.

Ray.

Doctrine

DOC'TRINE, noun [Latin doctrina, from doceo, to teach.]

1. In a general sense, whatever is taught. Hence, a principle or position in any science; whatever is laid down as true by an instructor or master. The doctrines of the gospel are the principles or truths taught by Christ and his apostles. The doctrines of Plato are principles which he taught. Hence a doctrine may be true or false; it may be a mere tenet or opinion.

2. The act of teaching.

He taught them many things by parables, and said to them in his doctrine. Mark 4.

3. Learning; knowledge.

Whom shall he make to understand doctrine? Isaiah 28.

4. The truths of the gospel in general.

That they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things. Titus ~~.

5. Instruction and confirmation in the truths of the gospel. 2 Timothy 3.

Document

DOC'UMENT, noun [Latin documentum, from doceo, to teach.]

1. Precept; instruction; direction.

Bacon. Watts.

2. Dogmatical precept; authoritative dogma.

3. More generally, in present usage, written instruction, evidence or proof; any official or authoritative paper containing instructions or proof, for information and the establishment of facts. Thus, the president laid before congress the report of the secretary, accompanied with all the documents.

Document

DOC'UMENT, verb transitive To furnish with documents; to furnish with instructions and proofs, or with papers necessary to establish facts. A ship should be documented according to the directions of law.

2. To teach; to instruct; to direct.

Dryden.

Documental

D'OCUMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to instruction or to documents; consisting in or derived from documents; as documental testimony.

Court Martial on Gen. Wilkinson.

Documentary

DOCUMENT'ARY, adjective Pertaining to written evidence; consisting in documents.

Dodder

DOD'DER, noun [German dotter.] A plant of the genus Cuscuta, one species of which is called hell-weed. It is almost destitute of leaves, parasitical, creeping and fixing itself to some other plant, as to hops, flax and particularly to the nettle. It decays at the root, and is nourished by the plant that supports it, by means of little vesicles or papillae, which attach themselves to the stalk.

Hill. Encyc.

Doddered

DOD'DERED, adjective Overgrown with dodder; covered with supercrescent plants.

Johnson. Dryden.

Dodecagon

DODEC'AGON, noun [Greek, twelve, and, an angle.] A regular figure or polygon, consisting of twelve equal sides and angles.

Encyc.

Dodecagyn

DODEC'AGYN, noun [Greek, twelve, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having twelve pistils.

Dodecagynian

DODECAGYN'IAN, adjective Having twelve pistils.

Dodecahedral

DODECAHE'DRAL, adjective [infra.] Pertaining to a dodecahedron; consisting of twelve equal sides.

Dodecahedron

DODECAHE'DRON, noun [Greek, twelve, and, a base.]

A regular solid contained under twelve equal and regular pentagons, or having twelve equal bases.

Chambers.

Dodecander

DODECAN'DER, noun [Greek, twelve, and, a male.]

In botany, a plant having twelve stamens; one of the class dodecandria. But this class includes all plants that have any number of stamens from twelve to nineteen inclusive.

Linne.

Dodecandrian

DODECAN'DRIAN, adjective Pertaining to the plants or class of plants that have twelve stamens, or from twelve to nineteen.

Lee.

Dodecatemorion

DODECATEMO'RION, noun [Greek composed of, twelfth, and, part.] A twelfth part. [Little used.]

Creech.

Dodecatemory

DODECATEM'ORY, noun A denomination sometimes given to each of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

Burton.

Dodge

DODGE, v. i. doj. [from some root signifying to shoot, dart or start.]

1. To start suddenly aside; to shift place by a sudden start.

Milton.

2. To play tricks; to be evasive; to use tergiversation; to play fast and loose; to raise expectations and disappoint them; to quibble.

Hale. Addison.

Dodge

DODGE, verb transitive To evade by a sudden shift of place; to escape by starting aside; as, to dodge a blow aimed; to dodge a cannon ball.

[This is a common word, very expressive and useful, but not admissable in solemn discourse or elegant composition.]

Dodger

DODGER, noun One who dodges or evades.

Dodging

DODGING, participle of the present tense Starting aside; evading.

Dodkin

DOD'KIN, noun [doit, D duit, and kin.] A little doit; a small coin.

Dodman

DOD'MAN, noun A fish that casts its shell, like the lobster and crab.

Bacon.

Dodo

DO'DO, noun The Didus, a genus of fowls of the gallinaceous order. The hooded dodo is larger than a swan, with a strong hooked bill. The general color of the plumage is cinereous; the belly and thighs whitish. The head is large, and seems as if covered with a hood. The solitary dodo is a large fowl, and is said to weigh sometimes forty five pounds. The plumage is gray and brown mixed.

Encyc.

Doe

DOE, n. do. [Saxon da; Danish daa.] A she deer; the female of the fallow-deer. The male is called a buck.

Doe

DOE, noun A feat. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Doer

DOER, noun [from do.] One who does; one who performs or executes; an actor; an agent.

2. One who performs what is required; one who observes, keeps or obeys, in practice.

The doers of the law shall be justified. Romans 2

Does

DOES, the third person of the verb do, indicative mode, present tense, contracted from doeth.

Doff

DOFF, verb transitive [Qu. do-off. Rather Dutch doffen, to push, to thrust. Class Db. No 17. 18.]

1. To put off, as dress.

And made us doff our easy robes of peace.

Shak.

2. To strip or divest; as, he doffs himself.

Crashaw.

3. To put or thrust away; to get rid of.

To doff their dire distresses.

Shak.

4. To put off; to shift off; with a view to delay.

Every day thou doff'st me with some device.

Shak.

[This word is, I believe, entirely obsolete in discourse, at least in the U. States, but is retained in poetry.]

Dog

DOG, noun [French dogue, a bull dog or mastiff; se doguer, to butt; Armoric dog or dogues; Dutch dog; probably, the runner or starter.]

1. A species of quadrupeds, belonging to the genus Canis, of many varieties, as the mastiff, the hound, the spaniel, the shepherd's dog, the terrier, the harrier, the bloodhound, &c.

2. It is used for male, when applied to several other animals; as a dog-fox; a dog-otter; dog-ape.

Dryden.

It is prefixed to other words, denoting what is mean, degenerate or worthless; as dog-rose.

Johnson.

3. An andiron, so named from the figure of a dog's head on the top. [Russian tagan.]

4. A term of reproach or contempt given to a man.

5. A constellation called Sirius or Canicula. [See Dog-day.]

6. An iron hook or bar with a sharp fang, used by seamen.

Mar. Dict.

7. An iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of timber in a saw-pit.

8. A gay young man; a buck. [Not in use.]

Johnson.

To give or throw to the dogs, is to throw away, as useless.

To go to the dogs, is to be ruined.

Dog

DOG, verb transitive To hunt: to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to follow close; to urge; to worry with importunity.

I have been pursued, dogged and way-laid.

Pope.

Dogate

DO'GATE, noun [See Doge.] The office or dignity of a doge.

Encyc.

Dogberry

DOG'BERRY, noun The berry of the dog-wood.

Dogberry-Tree

DOG'BERRY-TREE, noun The dogwood.

Dogbrier

DOG'BRIER, noun The brier that bears the hip; the cynosbaton.

Johnson.

Dog-Cabbag

DOG'-CABBAG, noun A plant growing in the south of Europe, the cynocrambe, constituting the genus Theligonum.

Encyc.

Dogcheap

DOG'CHEAP, adjective Cheap as dog's meat, or offal; very cheap.

Johnson.

Dogday

DOG'DAY, noun One of the days when Sirius or the dogstar rises and sets with the sun. The dogdays commence the latter part of July, and end the beginning of September.

Dogdraw

DOG'DRAW, noun A manifest deprehension of an offender against the venison in the forest, when he is found drawing after the deer by the scent of a hound led by the hand.

Law. Cowel.

Doge

DOGE, noun [Italian; Latin dux; duke; from Latin duco, to lead; Saxon toga, teoche.] The chief magistrate of Venice and Genoa.

Dogfight

DOG'FIGHT, noun A battle between two dogs.

Dogfish

DOG'FISH, noun A name given to several species of shark, as the spotted shark or greater dogfish, the piked dogfish, &c.

Encyc. Cyc.

Dogfly

DOG'FLY, noun A voracious, biting fly.

Chapman.

Dogged

DOG'GED, participle passive Pursued closely; urged frequently and importunately.

2. adjective Sullen; sour; morose; surly; severe.

Shak. Hudibras.

Doggedly

DOG'GEDLY, adverb Sullenly; gloomily; sourly; morosely; severely.

Doggedness

DOG'GEDNESS, noun Sulleness; moroseness.

Dogger

DOG'GER, noun A dutch fishing vessel used in the German ocean, particularly in the herring fishery. It is equipped with two masts, a main-mast and a mizen-mast, somewhat resembling a ketch.

Encyc.

Doggerel

DOG'GEREL, adjective An epithet given to a kind of loose, irregular measure in burlesque poetry, like that of Hudibras; as doggerel verse or rhyme.

Dryden. Addison.

Doggerel

DOG'GEREL, noun A loose, irregular kind of poetry; used in burlesque.

Dryden. Swift.

Doggerman

DOG'GERMAN, noun A sailor belonging to a dogger.

Doggers

DOG'GERS, noun In English alum works, a sort of stone found in the mines with the true alum-rock, containing some alum.

Encyc.

Dogging

DOG'GING, participle of the present tense [from dog.] Hunting; pursuing incessantly or importunately.

Doggish

DOG'GISH, adjective Like a dog; churlish; growling; snappish; brutal.

Doghearted

DOG'HEARTED, adjective Cruel; pitiless; malicious.

Shak.

Doghole

DOG'HOLE, noun A place fit only for dogs; a vile, mean habitation.

Dryden. Pope.

Doghouse

DOG'HOUSE, noun A kennel for dogs.

Overbury.

Dogkennel

DOG'KENNEL, noun A kennel or hut for dogs.

Dryden.

Dogleach

DOG'LEACH, noun A dog-doctor.

Beaum.

Doglouse

DOG'LOUSE, noun An insect that is found on dogs.

Dogly

DOG'LY, adjective Like a dog. [Not in use.]

Dog-Mad

DOG'-MAD, adjective Mad as a dog.

Dogma

DOG'MA, noun [Greek, from, to think; Latin dogma.]

A settled opinion; a principle, maxim or tenet; a doctrinal notion, particularly in matters of faith and philosophy; as the dogmas of the church; the dogmas of Plato.

Compliment my dogma, and I will compliment yours.

J. M. Masun.

Dogmatic

DOGMAT'IC, or DOGMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a dogma, or to settled opinion.

2. Positive; magisterial; asserting or disposed to assert with authority or with over bearing and arrogance; applied to persons; as a dogmatic schoolman or philosopher.

Boyle.

3. Positive; asserted with authority; authoritative; as a dogmatical opinion.

4. Arrogant; overbearing in asserting and maintaining opinions.

Dogmatically

DOGMAT'ICALLY, adverb Positively; in a magisterial manner; arrogantly.

Dogmaticalness

DOGMAT'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being dogmatical; positiveness.

Dogmatism

DOG'MATISM, noun Positive assertion; arrogance; positiveness in opinion.

Dogmatist

DOG'MATIST, noun A positive asserter; a magisterial teacher; a bold or arrogant advancer of principles.

Watts.

Dogmatize

DOG'MATIZE, verb intransitive To assert positively; to teach with bold and undue confidence; to advance with arrogance.

Men often dogmatize most, when they are least supported by reason.

Anon.

Dogmatizer

DOG'MATIZER, noun One who dogmatizes; a bold assertor; a magisterial teacher.

Hammond.

Dogmatizing

DOG'MATIZING, participle of the present tense Asserting with excess of confidence.

Dogrose

DOG'ROSE, noun The flower of the hip.

Derham.

Dogs-Bane

DOG'S'-BANE, noun [Greek.] A genus of plants, the Apocynum, of several species; also, the Asclepias.

Dogs-Ear

DOG'S'-EAR, noun The corner of a leaf in a book turned down like a dog's ear.

Gray.

Dogsick

DOG'SICK, adjective Sick as a dog.

Dogskin

DOG'SKIN, adjective Made of the skin of a dog.

Tatler.

Dogsleep

DOG'SLEEP, noun Pretended sleep.

Addison.

Dogs-Meat

DOG'S'-MEAT, noun Refuse; offal; meat for dogs.

Dryden.

Dogs-Rue

DOG'S'-RUE, noun A plant, a species of Scrophularia.

Dogstar

DOG'STAR, noun Sirius, a star of the first magnitude, whose rising and setting with the sun gives name to the dogdays.

Dogstones

DOG'STONES, noun A plant, the Orchis or fool-stones.

Dogtooth

DOG'TOOTH, noun plu. dogteeth. A sharp-pointed human tooth growing between the foreteeth and grinders, and resembling a dog's tooth. It is called also an eye tooth.

Dogtooth-Violet

DOG'TOOTH-VIOLET, noun A plant, the Erythronium.

Dogtrick

DOG'TRICK, noun A currish trick; brutal treatment.

Dryden.

Dogtrot

DOG'TROT, noun A gentle trot like that of a dog.

Dogvane

DOG'VANE, noun Among seamen, a small vane composed of thread, cork and feathers, fastened to a half pike and placed on the weather gun-wale, to assist in steering a ship on the wind.

Mar. Dict.

Dogwatch

DOG'WATCH, noun Among seamen, a watch of two hours. The dogwatches are two reliefs between 4 and 8 o'clock, P. M.

Dogweary

DOG'WEARY, adjective Quite tired; much fatigued.

Dogwood

DOG'WOOD, noun A common name of different species of the Cornus or cornelian cherry.

Dogwood-Tree

DOG'WOOD-TREE, noun The Piscidia erythrina, a tree growing in Jamaica.

Encyc.

Doily

DOI'LY, noun A species of woolen stuff, said to be so called from the first maker.

Congreve.

2. Linen made into a small napkin.

Mason.

Doing

DOING, participle of the present tense [See Do.] Performing; executing.

Doings

DOINGS, n. plu. Things done; transactions; feats; actions, good or bad.

2. Behavior; conduct.

3. Stir; bustle.

Doit

DOIT, noun [Dutch duit; German deut. Qu. French doigt, a finger, a point, Latin digitus.]

1. A small piece of money.

Pope.

2. A trifle. Hence our vulgar phrase, I care not a doit. It is used adverbially and commonly pronounced dite.

Dolabriform

DOLAB'RIFORM, adjective [Latin dolabra, an ax, and forma, form.]

Having the form of an ax or hatchet.

Martyn.

Dole

DOLE, noun [Saxon dal; Russian dolia, a part or portion; Irish dail; from the root of deal. See Deal.]

1. The act of dealing or distributing; as the power of dole and donative. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

2. That which is dealt or distributed; a part, share or portion.

Shak.

3. That which is given in charity; gratuity.

Dryden.

4. Blows dealt out.

Milton.

5. Boundary. [Not in use.]

6. A void space left in tillage. [Local.]

Dole

DOLE, noun [Latin dolor, pain, grief.] Grief; sorrow. obsolete

Milton.

Dole

DOLE, verb transitive To deal; to distribute. [Not used.]

Doleful

DO'LEFUL, adjective [dole and full.] Sorrowful; expressing grief; as a doleful whine; a doleful cry.

2. Melancholy; sad; afflicted; as a doleful sire.

Sidney.

3. Dismal; impressing sorrow; gloomy; as doleful shades.

Milton.

Dolefully

DO'LEFULLY, adverb In a doleful manner; sorrowfully; dismally; sadly.

Dolefulness

DO'LEFULNESS, noun Sorrow; melancholy; querulousness; gloominess; dismalness.

Dolent

DO'LENT, adjective [Latin dolens.] Sorrowful. [Not in use.]

Dolesome

DO'LESOME, adjective Gloomy; dismal; sorrowful; doleful.

The dolesome passage to th' infernal sky.

Pope.

Dolesomeness

DO'LESOMENESS, noun Gloom; dismalness.

Doll

DOLL, noun [Welsh delw, form, image, resemblance, an idol, a false god; dull, form, figure; Armoric daith, or taith, which seems to be the Latin talis. Also Irish dealbh, an image. But qu. Greek, an idol, from, to see.]

A puppet or baby for a child; a small image in the human form, for the amusement of little girls.

Dollar

DOL'LAR, noun [German thaler; Dutch daalder; Danish and Swedish daler; Spanish dalera; Russian taler; said to be from Dale, the town where it was first coined.]

A silver coin of Spain and of the United States, of the value of one hundred cents, or four shillings and sixpence sterling. The dollar seems to have been originally a German coin, and in different parts of Germany, the name is given to coins of different values.

Dolomite

DOL'OMITE, noun A variety of magnesian carbonate of lime, so called from the French geologist Dolomieu. Its structure is granular.

Cyc.

Dolor

DO'LOR, noun [Latin] Pain; grief; lamentation.

Sidney. Shak.

Doloriferous

DOLORIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin dolor, pain, and fero, to produce.] Producing pain.

Whitaker.

Dolorific

DOLORIF'IC, adjective [Latin dolorificus; dolor and facio.]

1. That causes pain or grief.

2. Expressing pain or grief.

Dolorous

DOL'OROUS, adjective [Latin dolor, pain, grief.] Sorrowful; doleful; dismal; impressing sorrow or grief; as a dolorous object; a dolorous region.

Hooker. Milton.

2. Painful; giving pain.

Their dispatch is quick, and less dolorous than the paw of the bear.

More.

3. Expressing pain or grief; as dolorous sighs.

Dolorously

DOL'OROUSLY, adverb Sorrowfully; in a manner to express pain.

Dolphin

DOL'PHIN, noun [Latin delphin or delphinus; Greek; Irish deilf; French dauphin; Spanish delfin; Italian delfino; Armoric daofin, dolfin; Welsh dolfyn, from dolf, a curve or winding.]

1. A genus of cetaceous fish, with teeth in both jaws, and a pipe in the head, comprehending the dolphin, the porpess, the grampus and the beluga. But the fish to which seamen give this name, is the Coryphaena hippuris of Linne. It has a flat roundish snout and a tapering body, with a fin running along the back from the head to the tail, consisting of a coriaceous membrane with soft spines.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

2. In ancient Greece, a machine suspended over the sea, to be dropped on any vessel passing under it.

Mitford.

Dolphinet

DOL'PHINET, noun A female dolphin.

Spenser.

Dolt

DOLT, noun [German tÃƒ-¶lpel; Saxon dol; Welsh dol. Qu. dull. The Gothic has dwala, foolish, stupid; Saxon dwolian, to wander. The Swedish has dvala, to sleep or be drowsy; Danish dvale, sound sleep; Dutch doolen, and dwaalen, to wander.]

A heavy, stupid fellow; a blockhead; a thick-skull.

Sidney. Swift.

Dolt

DOLT, verb intransitive To waste time foolishly; to behave foolishly.

Doltish

DOLTISH, adjective Dull in intellect; stupid; blockish; as a doltish clown.

Sidney.

Doltishness

DOLTISHNESS, noun Stupidity.

Dom

DOM, used as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or property and jurisdiction; primarily, doom, judgment; as in kingdom, earldom. Hence it is used to denote state, condition or quality, as in wisdom, freedom.

Domain

DOMA'IN, noun [French domaine; Armoric domany. This would seem to be from Latin dominium. Qu. is it the same word as demain, which is from the Old French demesne. The latter cannot be regularly deduced from dominium, domino. The Norman French has demesner, to rule, to demean; and the phrase, ``de son demainer,' in his demain, would seem to be from a different source. Mainor, in Norman, is tenancy or occupation, from main, the hand. Domain seems to be the Latin dominium, and to have been confounded with demain, demesne.]

1. Dominion; empire; territory governed, or under the government of a sovereign; as the vast domains of the Russian emperor; the domains of the British king.

2. Possession; estate; as a portion of the king's domains.

Dryden.

3. The land about the mansion house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy. In this sense, the word coincides with demain, demesne.

Shenstone.

Domal

DO'MAL, adjective [Latin domus.] Pertaining to house in astrology.

Addison.

Dome

DOME, noun [French dome; Armoric dom; Latin domus; Greek; Irish dom; Russian dom; supposed to be from, to build. The Greek has also, a house, a plain roof. Qu. Saxon timbrian, Gothic timbryan, to build.]

1. A building; a house; a fabric; used in poetry.

Pope.

2. A cathedral.

Burnet.

3. In architecture, a spherical roof, raised over the middle of a building; a cupola.

Encyc.

4. In chimistry, the upper part of a furnace, resembling a hollow hemisphere or small dome. This form serves to reflect or reverberate a part of the flame; hence these furnaces are called reverberating furnaces.

Encyc.

Domesday

DOMESDAY. [See Dommsday.]

Domesman

DO'MESMAN, noun [See Doom.] A judge; an umpire. Obs.

Domestic

DOMES'TIC, adjective [Latin domesticus, from domus, a house.]

1. Belonging to the house, or home; pertaining to one's place of residence, and to the family; as domestic concerns; domestic life; domestic duties; domestic affairs; domestic contentions; domestic happiness; domestic worship.

2. Remaining much at home; living in retirement; as a domestic man or woman.

3. Living near the habitations of man; tame; not wild; as domestic animals.

4. Pertaining to a nation considered as a family, or to one's own country; intestine: not foreign; as domestic troubles; domestic dissensions.

5. Made in one's own house, nation or country; as domestic manufactures.

Domestic

DOMES'TIC, noun One who lives in the family of another, as a chaplain or secretary. Also, a servant or hired laborer, residing with a family.

Domestically

DOMES'TICALLY, adverb In relation to domestic affairs.

Domesticate

DOMES'TICATE, verb transitive To make domestic; to retire from the public; to accustom to remain much at home; as, to domesticate one's self.

2. To make familiar, as if at home.

Chesterfield.

3. To accustom to live near the habitations of man; to tame; as, to domesticate wild animals.

Domestication

DOMESTICA'TION, noun The act of withdrawing from the public notice and living much at home.

2. The act of taming or reclaiming wild animals.

Domicil

DOM'ICIL, noun [Latin domicilium, a mansion. An abode or mansion; a place of permanent residence, either of an individual or family; a residence, animo manendi.

Story. Hopkinson.

Domicil

DOM'ICIL, or DOMICIL'IATE, verb transitive To establish a fixed residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy.

Kent.

Domiciled

DOM'ICILED, or DOMICIL'IATED, participle passive Having gained a permanent residence or inhabitancy.

Domiciliary

DOMICIL'IARY, adjective Pertaining to an abode, or the residence of a person or family. A domiciliary visit is a visit to a private dwelling, particularly for the purpose of searching it, under authority.

Domiciliation

DOMICILIA'TION, noun Permanent residence; inhabitancy.

Domiciling

DOM'ICILING, or DOMICIL'IATING, participle of the present tense Gaining or taking a permanent residence.

Domify

DOM'IFY, verb transitive [Latin domus, a house, and facio, to make.]

1. In astrology, to divide the heavens into twelve houses, in order to erect a theme or horoscope, by means of six great circles, called circles of position. Obs.

Encyc.

2. To tame. [Not in use and improper.]

Dominant

DOM'INANT, adjective [Latin dominans, from dominor, to rule; dominus, lord, master; either from domus, a house, or from domo, to overcome, to tame, to subdue, Welsh dovi. Both roots unite in the sense, to set, to press, to fix. See Class Dm. No. 1. 3.]

1. Ruling; prevailing; governing; predominant; as the dominant party, or faction.

Reid. Tooke.

2. In music, the dominant or sensible chord is that which is practiced on the dominant of the tone, and which introduces a perfect cadence. Every perfect major chord becomes a dominant chord, as soon as the seventh minor is added to it.

Rousseau. Encyc.

Dominant

DOM'INANT, noun In music, of the three notes essential to the tone, the dominant is that which is a fifth from the tonic.

Ibm.

Dominate

DOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin dominatus, dominor. See Dominant.]

To rule; to govern; to prevail; to predominate over.

We every where meet with Slavonian nations either dominant or dominated.

Tooke, Russ.

Dominate

DOM'INATE, verb intransitive To predominate. [Little used.]

Dominated

DOM'INATED, participle passive Ruled; governed.

Dominating

DOM'INATING, participle of the present tense Ruling; prevailing; predominating.

Domination

DOMINA'TION, noun [Latin dominatio.] The exercise of power in ruling; dominion; government.

Shak.

2. Arbitrary authority; tyranny.

3. One highly exalted in power; or the fourth order of angelic beings.

Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers.

Milton.

Dominative

DOM'INATIVE, adjective Governing; also, imperious.

Sandys.

Dominator

DOM'INATOR, noun A ruler or ruling power; the presiding or predominant power.

Jupiter and Mars are dominators for this northwest part of the world.

Camden.

2. An absolute governor.

Domineer

DOMINEE'R, verb intransitive [Latin dominor; French dominer; Spanish dominar; Italian dominare. See Dominant.]

1. To rule over with insolence or arbitrary sway.

To domineer over subjects or servants is evidence of a low mind.

Anon.

2. To bluster; to hector; to swell with conscious superiority, or haughtiness.

Go to the feast, revel and domineer.

Shak.

Domineering

DOMINEE'RING, participle of the present tense Ruling over with insolence; blustering; manifesting haughty superiority.

2. adjective Overbearing.

Dominical

DOMIN'ICAL, adjective [Low Latin dominicalis, from dominicus, from dominus, lord.]

1. That notes the Lord's day or Sabbath. The Dominical letter is the letter which, in almanacks, denotes the sabbath, or dies domini, the Lord's day. The first seven letters of the alphabet are used for this purpose.

2. Noting the prayer of our Lord.

Howell.

Dominical

DOMIN'ICAL, noun [infra.] The Lord's day.

Hammond.

Dominican

DOMIN'ICAN, adjective or noun [from Dominic, the founder.]

The Dominicans, or Dominican Friars, are an order of religious or monks, called also Jacobins, or Predicants, preaching friars; an order founded about the year 1215.

Encyc.

Dominion

DOMIN'ION, noun [Latin dominium. See Dominant.]

1. Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and controlling.

The dominion of the Most High is an everlasting dominion. Danish iv.

2. Power to direct, control, use and dispose of at pleasure; right of possession and use without being accountable; as the private dominion of individuals.

Locke.

3. Territory under a govenment; region; country; district governed, or within the limits of the authority of a prince or state; as the British dominions.

4. Government; right of governing. Jamaica is under the dominion of Great Britain.

5. Predominance; ascendant.

Dryden.

6. An order of angels.

Whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers. Colossians 1.

7. Persons governed.

Judah was his sanctuary; Israel his dominion. Psalm 114.

Domino

DOM'INO, noun A kind of hood; a long dress; a masquerade dress.

Domite

DO'MITE, noun A mineral named from Dome in Auvergne, in France, of a white or grayish white color, having the aspect and gritty feel of a sandy chalk.

Phillips.

Don

DON. A title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. It is commonly supposed to be contracted from dominus, dom, and the Portuguese dono, the master or owner of any thing, gives some countenance to the opinion. It coincides nearly with the Hebrew, and, a judge, ruler, or lord. It was formerly used in England, and written by Chaucer Dan. [See Spelman.]

Dona, or dueÃƒ-±a, the feminine of don, is the title of a lady, in Spain and Portugal.

Don

DON, verb transitive [To do on; opposed to doff.] To put on; to invest with. Obs.

Shak. Fairfax.

Donacite

DO'NACITE, noun A petrified shell of the genus Donax.

Jameson.

Donary

DO'NARY, noun [Latin donarium, from dono, to give.]

A thing given to a sacred use. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Donation

DONA'TION, noun [Latin donatio, from dono, to give, French donner.]

1. The act of giving or bestowing; a grant.

That right we hold by his donation.

Milton.

2. In law, the act or contract by which a thing or the use of it is transferred to a person, or corporation, as a free gift. To be valid, a donation supposes capacity both in the donor to give and donee to take, and requires consent, acceptance and delivery.

3. That which is given or bestowed; that which is transferred to another gratuitously, or without a valuable consideration; a gift; a grant. Donation is usually applied to things of more value than present.

Mr. Boudinot made a donation of ten thousand dollars to the American Bible Society.

Donatism

DO'NATISM, noun The doctrines of the Donatists.

Donatist

DO'NATIST, noun One of the sect founded by Donatus. They held that theirs was the only pure church, and that baptism and ordination, unless by their church, were invalid.

Encyc.

Donatistic

DONATIS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to Donatism.

Donative

DO'NATIVE, noun [Spanish Ital. donativo; Latin donativum, from dono, to give.]

1. A gift; a largess; a gratuity; a present; a dole.

The Romans were entertained with shows and donatives.

Dryden.

2. In the canon law, a benefice given and collated to a person, by the founder or patron, without either presentation, institution or induction by the ordinary.

Encyc.

Donative

DO'NATIVE, adjective Vested or vesting-by donation; as a donative advowson.

Blackstone.

Done

DONE, participle passive dun. [See Do.] Performed; executed; finished.

2. A word by which agreement to a proposal is expressed; as in laying a wager, an offer being made, the person accepting or agreeing says, done; that is, it is agreed, I agree, I accept.

Donee

DONEE', noun [from Latin dono, to give.] The person to whom a gift or donation is made.

2. The person to whom lands or tenements are given or granted; as a donee in feesimple, or fee-tail.

Blackstone.

Donjon

DONJON or DONGEON. [See Dungeon.]

Donnat

DON'NAT, noun [do and naught.] An idle fellow. [Not in use.]

Granger.

Donor

DO'NOR, noun [from Latin dono, to give.] One who gives or bestows; one who confers any thing gratuitously; a benefactor.

2. One who grants an estate; as, a conditional fee may revert to the donor, if the donee has no heirs of his body.

Donship

DON'SHIP, noun [See Don.] The quality or rank of a gentleman or knight.

Hudibras.

Donzel

DON'ZEL, noun [Italian] A young attendant; a page.

Butler.

Doodle

DOO'DLE, noun A trifler; a simple fellow. [Qu. dote, French radoter; Portugese doudo, mad, foolish.]

Doole

DOOLE, [See Dole.]

Doom

DOOM, verb transitive [Saxon dom, judgment; deman, to deem; gedeman, to judge; Dutch doemen, to doom, to condemn; Danish dÃƒ-¶mmer; Swedish d?ma. Doom is from the root of deem, which seems to coincide also with Latin estimo, to esteem, and perhaps with the root of condemn. See Deem.]

1. To judge. [Unusual.]

Thou didst not doom so strictly.

Milton.

2. To condemn to any punishment; to consign by a decree or sentence; as, the criminal is doomed to chains.

3. To pronounce sentence or judgment on.

Absolves the just, and doom the guilty souls.

Dryden.

4. To command authoritatively.

Have I a tongue to doom my brother's death.

Shak.

5. To destine; to fix irrevocably the fate or direction of; as, we are doomed to suffer for our sins and errors.

6. To condemn, or to punish by a penalty.

Doom

DOOM, noun [Saxon dom; Dutch doem; Danish Swedish dom.] Judgment; judicial sentence.

To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied.

Milton.

Hence the final doom is the last judgment.

2. Condemnation; sentence; decree; determination affecting the fate or future state of another; usually a determination to inflict evil, sometimes otherwise.

Revoke that doom of mercy.

Shak.

3. The state to which one is doomed, or destined. To suffer misery is the doom of sinners. To toil for subsistence is the doom of most men.

4. Ruin; destruction.

From the same foes, at last, both felt their doom.

Pope.

5. Discrimination. [Not used.]

Doomage

DOOM'AGE, noun A penalty or fine for neglect.

N. Hampshire.

Doomed

DOOM'ED, participle passive Adjudged; sentenced; condemned; destined; fated.

Doomful

DOOM'FUL, adjective Full of destruction.

Drayton.

Dooming

DOOM'ING, participle of the present tense Judging; sentencing; condemning; destining.

Doomsday

DOOMS'DAY, noun [doom and day.] The day of the final judgment; the great day when all men are to be judged and consigned to endless happiness or misery.

Shak. Dryden.

2. The day of sentence or condemnation.

Shak.

Doomsday-Book

DOOMSDAY-BOOK, or DOMESDAY-BOOK, noun A book compiled by order of William the Conqueror, containing a survey of all the lands in England. It consists of two volumes; a large folio, and a quarto. The folio contains 382 double pages of vellum, written in a small but plain character. The quarto contains 450 double pages of vellum, written in a large fair character.

Encyc.

Door

DOOR, noun [Saxon dora, dur, dure; German thÃƒ-¼r; Dutch deur; Swedish d?r; Danish dÃƒ-¶r; Greek; Welsh dor; Irish doras; Armoric dor; Basque, dorrea; Russian dver; Persic dar; Sanscrit dura; Armenian, turu; Chaldee or; Syriac; Arabic. It is also in the Slavonic languages, Polish, Bohemian, Carinthian, &c. The verb, in Chaldee and Syriac signifies to tear or cut open, to open or break open; in Syriac also, to pray, to supplicate, to burst, to crack; in Arabic to rush headlong, to drive, to crowd, to fill. In Dutch, door is through, German durch. In Tartar, thurne is a door. Class Dr. No. 42. The Hebrew, a gate, seems to be the same word dialectically varied, and the verb coincides in sense with the Arabic, supra, to rush. The primary sense of the verb is to pass, to drive, to rush. Hence a door is a passage, or break.]

1. An opening or passage into a house, or other building, or into any room, apartment or closet, by which persons enter. Such a passage is seldom or never called a gate.

2. The frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank that shuts the opening of a house or closes the entrance into an apartment or any inclosure, and usually turning on hinges.

3. In familiar language, a house; often in the plural, doors. My house is the first door from the corner. We have also the phrases, within doors, in the house; without doors, out of the house, abroad.

4. Entrance; as the door of life.

Dryden.

5. Avenue; passage; means of approach or access. An unforgiving temper shuts the door against reconciliation, or the door of reconciliation.

I am the door; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved. John 10.

A door was opened to me of the Lord. 2 Corinthians 2.

To lie at the door, in a figurative sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one. If the thing is wrong, the fault lies at my door.

Next door to, near to; bordering on.

A riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult.

L'Estrange.

Out of door or doors, quite gone; no more to be found. [Not now used.]

Dryden.

In doors, within the house; at home.

Dor-Case

DOR-CASE, noun The frame which incloses a door.

Dooring

DOORING, noun A door-case. [Not used.]

Milton.

Door-Keeper

DOOR-KEEPER, noun A porter; one who guards the entrance of a house or apartment.

Door-Nail

DOOR-NAIL, noun The nail on which the knocker formerly struck.

Door-Post

DOOR-POST, noun The post of a door.

Door-Stead

DOOR-STEAD, noun Entrance or place of a door.

Warburton.

Doquet

DOQ'UET, noun dok'et. A warrant; a paper granting license. [See Docket.]

Bacon.

Dor

DOR, or DORR, noun [Qu. Irish dord, humming, buzzing, also rough.]

The name of the black-beetle, or the hedge-chafer, a species of Scarabaeus. We usually say, the dor-beetle.

Dorado

DORA'DO, noun [Spanish dorado, gilt, from dorar, to gild.]

1. A southern constellation, containing six starts, called also xiphias; not visible in our latitude.

Encyc.

2. A large fish resembling the dolphin.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Doree

DOREE', noun A fish of the genus Zeus. It is called also faber, and gallus marinus. The body is oval and greatly compressed on the sides; the head is large and the snout long.

Dorian

DO'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Doris in Greece. [See Doric.]

Doric

DOR'IC, adjective [from Doris in Greece.] In general, pertaining to Doris, or the Dorians, in Greece, who dwelt near Parnassus.

In architecture, noting the second order of columns, between the Tuscan and Ionic. The Doric order is distinguished for simplicity and strength. It is used in the gates of cities and citadels, on the outside of churches, &c.

The Doric dialect of the Greek language was the dialect of the Dorians, and little different from that of Lacedemon.

Encyc.

The Doric mode, in music, was the first of the authentic modes of the ancients. Its character is to be severe, tempered with gravity and joy.

Encyc.

Doricism

DOR'ICISM, or DO'RISM, noun A phrase of the Doric dialect.

Dormancy

DOR'MANCY, noun [infra.] Quiescence.

Horsley.

Dormant

DOR'MANT, adjective [French from dormir, Latin dormio, to sleep.]

1. Sleeping; hence, at rest; not in action; as dormant passions.

2. Being in a sleeping posture; as the lion dormant, in heraldry.

3. Neglected; not used; as a dormant title; dormant privileges.

4. Concealed; not divulged; private. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

5. Leaning; inclining; not perpendicular; as a dormant window, supposed to be so called from a beam of that name. This is now written dormer or dormar.

Dormant

DOR'MANT, noun A beam; a sleeper.

Dormar

DORMAR, noun A beam; a sleeper.

Dormar

DOR'MAR, or DOR'MAR-WINDOW, noun A window in the roof of a house, or above the entablature, being raised upon the rafters.

Encyc.

Dormitive

DOR'MITIVE, noun [Latin dormio, to sleep.] A medicine to promote sleep; an opiate.

Arbuthnot.

Dormitory

DOR'MITORY, noun [Latin dormitorium, from dormio, to sleep.]

1. A place, building or room to sleep in.

2. A gallery in convents divided into several cells, where the religious sleep.

Encyc.

3. A burial place.

Ayliffe.

Dormouse

DOR'MOUSE, noun plu. dormice. [Latin dormio, to sleep, and mouse.]

An animal of the mouse kind, which makes a bed of moss or dry leaves, in a hollow tree or under shrubs, lays in a store of nuts or other food, and on the approach of cold weather, rolls itself in a ball and sleeps the greatest part of the winter.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Dorn

DORN, noun [German dorn, a thorn.] A fish.

Carew.

Doron

DO'RON, noun [Greek, a gift; Russian dariyu, to give.] A gift; a present. [Not in use.]

2. A measure of three inches.

Ash.

Dorp

DORP, noun [German dorf; Dutch dorp; Swedish Danish torp; Welsh trev. See Tribe.] A small village.

Dorr

DORR. [See Dor.]

Dorr

DORR, v.t. To deafen with noise. [Not in use.]

Dorrer

DOR'RER, noun A drone. [Not in use.]

Dorsal

DOR'SAL, adjective [from Latin dorsum, the back.] Pertaining to the back; as the dorsal fin of a fish; dorsal awn, in botany.

Dorse

DORSE, noun A canopy.

Sutton.

Dorsel

DOR'SEL, noun [See Dosser.]

Dorsiferous

DORSIF'EROUS, or DORSIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin dorsum, the back, and fero or pario, to bear.]

In botany, bearing or producing seeds on the back of their leaves; an epithet given to ferns or plants of the capillary kind without stalks.

Encyc.

Dorsum

DOR'SUM, noun [Latin] The ridge of a hill.

Walton.

Dorture

DOR'TURE, noun [contraction of dormiture.] A dormitory. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Dose

DOSE, noun [French dose; Italian dosa; Greek, that which is given, from, to give; Welsh dodi, to give.]

1. The quantity of medicine given or prescribed to be taken at one time.

Quincy.

2. Any thing given to be swallowed; any thing nauseous, that one is obliged to take.

South.

3. A quantity; a portion.

Granville.

4. As much as a man can swallow.

Johnson.

Dose

DOSE, v.t. [French doser.] To proportion a medicine properly to the patient or disease; to form into suitable doses.

Derham.

2. To give in doses; to give medicine or physic.

3. To give any thing nauseous.

Dosser

DOS'SER, noun [French dos, the back; dossier, a bundle.]

A pannier, or basket, to be carried on the shoulders of men.

Encyc.

Dossil

DOS'SIL, noun In surgery, a pledget or portion of lint made into a cylindric form, or the shape of a date.

Encyc.

Dost

DOST, the second person of do, used in the solemn style; thou dost.

Dot

DOT, noun [I know not the origin and affinities of this word. It would be naturally deduced from a verb signifying to set, or to prick, like punctum, point. It coincides in elements with tatoo, and with Welsh dodi, to give, that is, to thrust or cause to pass.]

A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed instrument; a speck; used in marking a writing or other thing.

Dot

DOT, v.t. To mark with dots.

2. To mark or diversify with small detached objects; as a landscape dotted with cottages, or clumps of trees.

Dot

DOT, v.i. To make dots or spots.

Dotage

DO'TAGE, noun [from dote.] Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age; childishness of old age; as a venerable man now in his dotage.

2. A doting; excessive fondness.

Dryden.

3. Deliriousness. [See the verb, to dote.]

Dotal

DO'TAL, adjective [French from Latin dotalis, from dos, dower.]

Pertaining to dower, or a woman's marriage portion; constituting dower or comprised in it; as a dotal town.

Garth.

Dotard

DO'TARD, noun [dote and ard, kind.] A man whose intellect is impaired by age; one in his second childhood.

The sickly dotard wants a wife.

Prior.

2. A doting fellow; one foolishly fond.

Dotardly

DO'TARDLY, adjective Like a dotard; weak.

More.

Dotation

DOTA'TION, noun [Latin dotatio, from dos, dower, doto, to endow.]

1. The act of endowing, or of bestowing a marriage portion on a woman.

2. Endowment; establishment of funds for support; as of a hospital or eleemosynary corporation.

Blackstone.

Dote

DOTE, verb intransitive [Dutch dutten, to dote, to doze; Welsh dotiaw, to put out, to cause to mistake, to err, to dote; dotian, to be confused; French radoter, to rave, to talk idly or extravagantly. The French word is rendered in Armoric, rambreal, which seems to be our ramble.]

1. To be delirious; to have the intellect impaired by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers; to be silly.

Time has made you dote, and vainly tell Of arms imagined in your lonely cell.

Dryden.

2. To be excessively in love; usually with on or upon: to dote on, is to love to excess or extravagance.

What dust we dote on, when 'tis man we love.

Pope.

Aholah doted on her lovers, the Assyrians. Ezekiel 23.

3. To decay.

Howson.

Doter

DO'TER, noun One who dotes; a man whose understanding is enfeebled by age; a dotard.

Burton.

2. One who is excessively fond, or weakly in love.

Boyle.

Doting

DO'TING, participle of the present tense Regarding with excessive fondness.

Dotingly

DO'TINGLY, adverb By excessive fondness.

Dryden.

Dottard

DOT'TARD, noun A tree kept low by cutting.

Bacon.

Dotted

DOT'TED, participle passive Marked with dots or small spots; diversified with small detached objects.

2. In botany, sprinkled with hollow dots or points.

Martyn.

Dotterel

DOT'TEREL, noun The name of different species of fowls, of the genus Charadrius and the grallic order; as the Alexandrine dotterel, the ringed dotterel, and the Morinellus; also, the turnstone or sea dotterel, a species of the genus Tringa.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Dotting

DOT'TING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with dots or spots; diversifying with small detached objects.

Douanier

DOUANIE'R, noun [French] An officer of the customs.

Gray.

Double

DOUB'LE, a. dub'l. [French double; Armoric doubl; Spanish doble; Portugese dobre; Italian doppio; Welsh dyblyg; Dutch dubbel; German doppelt; Danish dobbelt; Swedish dubbel; Latin duplus, duplex; Greek; compounded of duo, two, and plico, to fold, plexus, a fold. See Two.]

1. Two of a sort together; one corresponding to the other; being in pairs; as double chickens in the same egg; double leaves connected by one petiole.

2. Twice as much; containing the same quantity or length repeated.

Take double money in your hand. Genesis 43.

Let a double portion of thy spirit be on me. 2 Kings 2.

With to; as, the amount is double to what I expected.

3. Having one added to another; as a double chin.

4. Twofold; also, of two kinds.

Darkness and tempest make a double night.

Dryden.

5. Two in number; as double sight or sound. [See No. 1.]

Davies.

6. Deceitful; acting two parts, one openly, the other in secret.

And with a double heart do they speak. Psalm 12.

Double

DOUB'LE, adverb dub'l. Twice.

I was double their age.

Swift.

Double

DOUBLE, in composition, denotes, two ways, or twice the number or quantity.

Double-Banked

DOUBLE-BANKED, adjective In seamanship, having two opposite oars managed by rowers on the same bench, or having two men to the same oar.

Mar. Dict.

Double-Biting

DOUBLE-BITING, adjective Biting or cutting on either side; as a double-biting ax.

Dryden.

Double-Buttoned

DOUBLE-BUTTONED, adjective Having two rows of buttons.

Gay.

Double-Charge

DOUBLE-CHARGE, v.t. To charge or intrust with a double portion.

Shak.

Double-Dealer

DOUBLE-DEALER, noun One who acts two different parts, in the same business, or at the same time; a deceitful, trickish person; one who says one thing and thinks or intends another; one guilty of duplicity.

L'Estrange.

Double-Dealing

DOUBLE-DEALING, noun Artifice; duplicity; deceitful practice; the profession of one thing and the practice of another.

Shak. Broome.

Double-Dye

DOUBLE-DYE; v.t. To dye twice over.

Dryden.

Double-Edged

DOUBLE-EDGED, adjective Having two edges.

Double-Entendre

DOUBLE-ENTENDRE, noun [French] Double meaning of a word or expression.

Double-Eyed

DOUBLE-EYED, adjective Having a deceitful countenance.

Spenser.

Double-Face

DOUBLE-FACE, noun Duplicity; the acting of different parts in the same concern.

Double-Faced

DOUBLE-FACED, adjective Deceitful; hypocritical; showing two faces.

Milton.

Double-Formed

DOUBLE-FORMED, adjective Of a mixed form.

Milton.

Double-Fortified

DOUBLE-FORTIFIED, adjective Twice fortified; doubly strengthened.

Double-Founted

DOUBLE-FOUNTED, adjective Having two sources.

Milton.

Double-Gild

DOUBLE-GILD, v.t. To gild with double coloring.

Shak.

Double-Handed

DOUBLE-HANDED, adjective Having two hands; deceitful.

Glanville.

Double-Headed

DOUBLE-HEADED, adjective Having two hands.

2. Having the flowers growing one to another.

Mortimer.

Double-Hearted

DOUBLE-HEARTED, adjective Having a false heart; deceitful; treacherous.

Double-Lock

DOUBLE-LOCK, v.t. To shoot the bolt twice; to fasten with double security.

Tatler.

Double-Manned

DOUBLE-MANNED, adjective Furnished with twice the complement of men, or with two men instead of one.

Double-Meaning

DOUBLE-MEANING, adjective Having two meanings.

Double-Minded

DOUBLE-MINDED, adjective Having different minds at different times; unsettled; wavering; unstable; undetermined.

James 1.

Double-Mouthed

DOUBLE-MOUTHED, adjective Having two mouths.

Milton.

Double-Natured

DOUBLE-NATURED, adjective Having a twofold nature.

Young.

Double-Octave

DOUBLE-OCTAVE, noun In music, an interval composed of two octaves or fifteen notes in diatonic progression; a fifteenth.

Encyc.

Double-Plea

DOUBLE-PLEA, noun In law, a plea in which the defendant alledges two different matters in bar of the action.

Cowel.

Double-Quarrel

DOUBLE-QUARREL, noun A complaint of a clerk to the archbishop against an inferior ordinary, for delay of justice.

Cowel.

Double-Shade

DOUBLE-SHADE, verb transitive To double the natural darkness of a place.

Milton.

Double-Shining

DOUBLE-SHINING, adjective Shining with double luster.

Sidney.

Double-Threaded

DOUBLE-THREADED, adjective Consisting of two threads twisted together.

Double-Tongued

DOUBLE-TONGUED, adjective Making contrary declarations on the same subject at different times; deceitful.

The deacons must be grave, not doubletongued. 1 Timothy 3.

Double

DOUB'LE, v. t. dub'l. [French doubler; Armoric doubla; Spanish doblar; Portugese dobrar; Italian doppiare; Dutch dubbelen; German doppeln; Danish doblerer; Swedish dublera; Irish dublaighim; Welsh dyblygu; Latin duplico; Greek.]

1. To fold; as, to double the leaf of a book; to double down a corner.

Prior.

2. To increase or extend by adding an equal sum, value, quantity or length; as, to double a sum of money; to double the amount; to double the quantity or size of a thing; to double the length; to double dishonor.

3. To contain twice the sum, quantity or length, or twice as much; as, the enemy doubles our army in numbers.

4. To repeat; to add; as, to double blow on blow.

Dryden.

5. To add one to another in the same order.

Thou shalt double the sixth curtain in the fore-front of the tabernacle. Exodus 26.

6. In navigation, to double a cape or point, is to sail round it, so that the cape or point shall be between the ship and her former situation.

Mar. Dict.

7. In military affairs, to unite two ranks or files in one.

To double and twist, is to add one thread to another and twist them together.

To double upon, in tactics, is to inclose between two fires.

Double

DOUB'LE, verb intransitive To increase to twice the sum, number, value, quantity or length; to increase or grow to twice as much. A sum of money doubles by compound interest in a little more than eleven years. The inhabitants of the United States double in about twenty five years.

2. To enlarge a wager to twice the sum laid.

I am resolved to double till I win.

Dryden.

3. To turn back or wind in running.

Doubling and turning like a hunted hare.

Dryden.

4. To play tricks; to use sleights.

Johnson.

Double

DOUB'LE, noun Twice as much; twice the number, sum, value, quantity or length.

If the thief be found, let him pay double. Exodus 22.

2. A turn in running to escape pursuers.

Blackmore.

3. A trick; a shift; an artifice to deceive.

Addison.

Doubled

DOUB'LED, participle passive Folded; increased by adding an equal quantity, sum or value; repeated; turned or passed round.

Doubleness

DOUB'LENESS, noun The state of being doubled.

Shak.

2. Duplicity.

Doubler

DOUB'LER, noun He that doubles.

2. An instrument for augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to render it manifest by sparks or the electrometer.

Cyc.

Doublet

DOUB'LET, noun [Irish duiblead; French doublet.]

1. The inner garment of a man; a waistcoat or vest.

2. Two; a pair.

Grew.

3. Among lapidaries, a counterfeit stone composed of two pieces of crystal, with a color between them, so that they have the same appearance as if the whole substance of the crystal were colored.

Encyc.

Doublets

DOUB'LETS, noun A game on dice within tables.

2. The same number on both dice.

Encyc.

3. A double meaning.

Mason.

Doubling

DOUB'LING, participle of the present tense Making twice the sum, number or quantity; repeating; passing round; turning to escape.

Doubling

DOUB'LING, noun The act of making double; also, a fold; a plait; also, an artifice; a shift.

Doubloon

DOUBLOON', noun [French doublon; Spanish doblon; Italian dobblone.]

A Spanish and Portuguese coin, being double the value of the pistole.

Encyc.

Doubly

DOUB'LY, adverb In twice the quantity; to twice the degree; as doubly wise or good; to be doubly sensible of an obligation.

Dryden.

Doubt

DOUBT, v. i. dout. [French douter; Latin dubito; Italian dubitare; Spanish dudar; Armoric doueti. According to Ainsworth, this is composed of duo and bito, to go. It is evidently from the root of dubius, and of two; but the manner of formation is not clear. So Dutch twyffelen, to doubt, German zweifeln, Swedish tvifla, Dutch tvivler, are from two.]

1. To waver or fluctuate in opinion; to hesitate; to be in suspense; to be in uncertainty, respecting the truth or fact; to be undetermined.

Even in matters divine, concerning some things, we may lawfully doubt and suspend our judgment.

Hooker.

So we say, I doubt whether it is proper; I doubt whether I shall go; sometimes with of, as we doubt of a fact.

2. To fear; to be apprehensive; to suspect.

I doubt there's deep resentment in his mind.

Otway.

Doubt

DOUBT, v. t. dout. To question, or hold questionable; to withhold assent from; to hesitate to believe; as, I have heard the story, but I doubt the truth of it.

2. To fear; to suspect.

If they turn not back perverse;

But that I doubt.

Milton.

3. To distrust; to withhold confidence from; as, to doubt our ability to execute an office.

T'admire superior sense, and doubt their own.

Pope.

4. To fill with fear. Obs.

Beaum.

Doubt

DOUBT, n. dout. A fluctuation of mind respecting truth or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or evidence; uncertainty of mind; suspense; unsettled state of opinion; as, to have doubts respecting the theory of the tides.

Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces. Genesis 37.

2. Uncertainty of condition.

Thy life shall hang in doubt before thee. Deuteronomy 28.

3. Suspicion; fear; apprehension.

I stand in doubt of you. Galatians 4.

4. Difficulty objected.

To every doubt your answer is the same.

Blackmore.

5. Dread; horror and danger. Obs.

Doubtable

DOUBT'ABLE, adjective That may be doubted.

Sherwood.

Doubted

DOUBT'ED, participle passive Scrupled; questioned; not certain or settled.

Doubter

DOUBT'ER, noun One who doubts; one whose opinion is unsettled; one who scruples.

Doubtful

DOUBT'FUL, adjective Dubious; not settled in opinion; undetermined; wavering; hesitating; applied to persons; as, we are doubtful of a fact, or of the propriety of a measure.

2. Dubious; ambiguous; not clear in its meaning; as a doubtful expression.

3. Admitting of doubt; not obvious, clear or certain; questionable; not decided; as a doubtful case; a doubtful proposition; it is doubtful what will be the event of the war.

4. Of uncertain issue.

We have sustained one day in doubtful fight.

Milton.

5. Not secure; suspicious; as, we cast a doubtful eye.

Hooker.

6. Not confident; not without fear; indicating doubt.

With doubtful feet, and wavering resolution.

Milton.

7. Not certain or defined; as a doubtful hue.

Milton.

Doubtfully

DOUBT'FULLY, adverb In a doubtful manner; dubiously.

Spenser.

2. With doubt; irresolutely.

3. Ambiguously; with uncertainty of meaning.

Nor did the goddess doubtfully declare.

Dryden.

4. In a state of dread. Obs.

Spenser.

Doubtfulness

DOUBT'FULNESS, noun A state of doubt or uncertainty of mind; dubiousness; suspense; instability of opinion.

Watts.

2. Ambiguity; uncertainty of meaning.

Locke.

3. Uncertainty of event or issue; uncertainty of condition.

Johnson.

Doubting

DOUBT'ING, participle of the present tense Wavering in mind; calling in question; hesitating.

Doubtingly

DOUBT'INGLY, adverb In a doubting manner; dubiously; without confidence.

Doubtless

DOUBT'LESS, adjective Free from fear of danger; secure. Obs.

Pretty child, sleep doubtless and secure.

Shak.

Doubtless

DOUBT'LESS, adverb Without doubt or question; unquestionably.

The histories of Christ by the evangelists are doubtless authentic.

Doubtlessly

DOUBT'LESSLY, adverb Unquestionably.

Beaum.

Douced

DOUCED, noun [from French douce.] A musical instrument. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Doucet

DOUCET, noun [French] A custard. [Not in use.]

Douceur

DOUCEUR, noun [French from doux, sweet, Latin dulcis.] A present or gift; a bribe.

Doucine

DOUCINE, noun [French] A molding concave above and convex below, serving as a cymatium to a delicate cornice; a gula.

Encyc.

Doucker

DOUCK'ER, noun [See Duck.] A fowl that dips or dives in water.

Ray.

Dough

DOUGH, n. do. [Saxon dah; Dutch deeg; Swedish deg; Danish dej; German teig. Probably a soft mass, and perhaps allied to thick. See Class Dg. No. 8. 17. 21. 22. 36.]

Paste of bread; a mass composed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not baked.

My cake is dough, that is, my undertaking has not come to maturity.

Shak.

Dough-Baked

DOUGH-BAKED, adjective Unfinished; not hardened to perfection; soft.

Donne.

Dough-Kneaded

DOUGH-KNEADED, adjective Soft; like dough.

Milton.

Dough-Nut

DOUGH-NUT, noun [dough and nut.] A small roundish cake, made of flour, eggs and sugar, moistened with milk and boiled in lard.

Doughtiness

DOUGHTINESS, n. dou'tiness. [See Doughty.] Valor; bravery.

Doughty

DOUGHTY, a. dou'ty. [Saxon dohtig, brave, noble; Danish dygtig, able, fit; Saxon dugan, to be able or strong, to be good; Dutch deugen; German taugen; Swedish duga; Danish duer; hence Saxon dugoth, valor, strength or virtue; Irish deagh, diagh, good; allied propably to Latin deceo. See Decent.]

Brave; valiant; eminent; noble; illustrious; as a doughty hero.

Pope.

It is now seldom used except in irony or burlesque.

Doughy

DOUGHY, a. doy. Like dough; soft; yielding to pressure; pale.

Shak.

Douse

DOUSE, verb transitive [This word seems to accord with dowse, or rather with the Greek,.]

1. To thrust or plunge into water.

2. In seamen's language, to strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly. Douse the top-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Douse

DOUSE, verb intransitive To fall suddenly into water.

Hudibras.

Dout

DOUT, verb transitive [Qu. do out.] To put out; to extinguish.

Shak.

Douter

DOUT'ER, noun An extinguisher for candles.

Douzeave

DOUZEAVE, n. doo'zeve. [French douze, twelve.] In music, a scale of twelve degrees.

A. M. Fisher.

Dove

DOVE, noun [Saxon duua; Gothic dubo; Dutch duif; German taube; Danish due; Swedish dufva; Icelandic dufa; Gypsey, tovadei; Hindoo, tubbeter; Scot. dow; probably from cooing, Hebrew

to murmur, or Arabic hatafa, to coo, as a dove.]

1. The oenas, or domestic pigeon, a species of Columbia. Its color is a deep bluish ash color; the breast is dashed with a fine changeable green and purple; the sides of the neck, with a copper color. In a wild state, it builds its nest in holes of rocks or in hollow trees, but it is easily domesticated, and forms one of the luxuries of the table.

2. A word of endearment, or an emblem of innocence. Cant. ii. 14.

Dove-Cot

DOVE-COT, noun A small building or box in which domestic pigeons breed.

Doves-Foot

DOVE'S-FOOT, noun A plant, a species of Geranium.

Dove-House

DOVE-HOUSE, noun A house or shelter for doves.

Dovelike

DOVELIKE, adjective Resembling a dove.

Milton.

Doveship

DOVESHIP, noun The qualities of a dove.

Hall.

Dove-Tail

DOVE-TAIL, noun In carpentry, the manner of fastening boards and timbers together by letting one piece into another in the form of a dove's tail spread, or wedge reversed, so that it cannot be drawn out. This is the strongest of all the fastenings or jointings.

Dove-Tail

DOVE-TAIL, verb transitive To unite by a tenon in form of a pigeon's tail spread, let into a board or timber.

Dove-Tailed

DOVE-TAILED, participle passive United by a tenon in form of a dove's tail.

Dove-Tailing

DOVE-TAILING, participle of the present tense Uniting by a dove-tail.

Dovish

DOVISH, adjective Like a dove; innocent. [Not in use.]

Dowable

DOW'ABLE, adjective [See Dower.] That may be endowed; entitled to dower.

Blackstone.

Dowager

DOW'AGER, noun [French douairiere, from douaire, dower.]

A widow with a jointure; a title particularly given to the widows of princes and persons of rank. The widow of a king is called queen dowager.

Dowcets

DOW'CETS, noun The testicles of a hart or stag.

B. Jonson.

Dowdy

DOW'DY, noun [Scot. dawdie, perhaps from daw, a sluggard, or its root. Jamieson.]

An awkward, ill-dressed, inelegant woman.

Shak. Dryden.

Dowdy

DOW'DY, adjective Awkward.

Gay.

Dower

DOW'ER, noun [Welsh dawd, a gift; dawni, to endow; French douaire, from douer, to endow. Supposed to be from Latin dos, dotis, dotatio; Greek, a gift, from, to give, Welsh dodi, Latin do. It is written in the Latin of the middle ages, dodarium, dotarium, douarium. Spelman. In Irish diobhadth is dower.]

1. That portion of the lands or tenements of a man which his widow enjoys during her life, after the death of her husband. [This is the usual present signification of the word.]

Blackstone.

2. The property which a woman brings to her husband in marriage.

Dryden.

3. The gift of a husband for a wife.

Ask me never so much dowry and gift. Genesis 34.

4. Endowment; gift.

How great, how plentiful, how rich a dower.

Davies.

Dowered

DOW'ERED, adjective Furnished with dower, or a portion.

Shak.

Dowerless

DOW'ERLESS, adjective Destitute of dower; having no portion or fortune.

Shak.

Dowery

DOW'ERY. or DOW'RY. A different spelling of dower, but little used, and they may well be neglected.

Dowlas

DOW'LAS, noun A kind of coarse linen cloth.

Shak.

Dowle

DOWLE, noun A feather. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Down

DOWN, noun [Swedish dun; Dutch dons; Danish duun; Icelandic id. In Swedish dyna is a feather-bed, or cushion; Danish dyne. Armoric dum, down. Qu. Class Dn. No. 25. But the primitive orthography and signification are uncertain.]

1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, particularly of the duck kind. The eider duck yields the best kind. Also, fine hair; as the down of the chin.

2. The pubescence of plants, a fine hairy substance.

3. The pappus or little crown of certain seeds of plants; a fine feathery or hairy substance by which seeds are conveyed to a distance by the wind; as in dandelion and thistle.

4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies.

Thou bosom softness; down of all my cares.

Southern.

Down

DOWN, noun [Saxon dun; Dutch duin, a sandy hill; German dÃƒ-¼ne; French dune, plu. dunes; Armoric dunenn, or tunenn. In French dunette is the highest part of the poop of a ship, and as this appears to be a diminutive of dune, it proves that the primary sense is a hill or elevation.]

1. A bank or elevation of sand, thrown up by the sea.

Encyc.

2. A large open plain, primarily on elevated land. Sheep feeding on the downs.

Milton.

Down

DOWN, preposition [Saxon dun, adun. In Welsh dwvyn is deep, Cornish doun, Armoric doun, Irish domhain; and in Welsh, dan is under, beneath. In Russian tonu is to sink.]

1. Along a descent; from a higher to a lower place; as, to run down a hill; to fall down a precipice; to go down the stairs.

2. Toward the mouth of a river, or toward the place where water is discharged into the ocean or a lake. We sail or swim down a stream; we sail down the sound from New York to New London. Hence figuratively, we pass down the current of life or of time.

Down the sound, in the direction of the ebbtide towards the sea.

Down the country, towards the sea, or towards the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean.

Down

DOWN, adverb In a descending direction; tending from a higher to a lower place; as, he is going down.

2. On the ground, or at the bottom; as, he is down; hold him down.

3. Below the horizon; as, the sun is down.

4. In the direction from a higher to a lower condition; as, his reputation is going down.

5. Into disrepute or disgrace. A man may sometimes preach down error; he may write down himself or his character, or run down his rival; but he can neither preach nor write down folly, vice or fashion.

6. Into subjection; into a due consistence; as, to boil down, in decoctions and culinary processes.

7. At length; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any flat surface; as, to lie down; he is lying down.

Up and down, here and there; in a rambling course.

It is sometimes used without a verb, as down, down; in which cases, the sense is known by the construction.

Down with a building, is a command to pull it down, to demolish it.

Down with him, signifies, throw him.

Down, down, may signify, come down, or go down, or take down, lower.

It is often used by seamen, down with the fore sail, &c.

Locke uses it for go down, or be received; as, any kind of food will down; but the use is not elegant, nor legitimate.

Sidney uses it as a verb, "To down proud hearts," to subdue or conquer them; but the use is not legitimate.

Down-Bed

DOWN'-BED, noun A bed of down.

Downcast

DOWN'CAST, adjective Cast downward; directed to the ground; as a downcast eye or look, indicating bashfulness, modesty or dejection of mind.

Down-Cast

DOWN'-CAST, noun Sadness; melancholy look. obsolete

Beaum.

Downed

DOWN'ED, adjective Covered or stuffed with down.

Young.

Downfall

DOWN'FALL, noun A falling, or body of things falling; as the downfall of a flood.

Dryden.

2. Ruin; destruction; a sudden fall, or ruin by violence, in distinction from slow decay or declension; as the downfall of the Roman empire, occasioned by the conquests of the Northern nations; the downfall of a city.

3. The sudden fall, depression or ruin of reputation or estate. We speak of the downfall of pride or glory, and of distinguished characters.

Downfallen

DOWN'FALLEN, adjective Fallen; ruined.

Carew.

Downgyved

DOWN'GYVED, adjective Hanging down like the loose cincture of fetters.

Steevens.

Down-Haul

DOWN'-HAUL, noun In seaman's language, a rope passing along a stay, through the cringles of the stay-sail or jib, and made fast to the upper corner of the sail, to haul it down.

Mar. Dict.

Downhearted

DOWN'HEARTED, adjective Dejected in spirits.

Downhill

DOWN'HILL, noun Declivity; descent; slope.

And though 'tis downhill all.

Dryden.

Downhill

DOWN'HILL, adjective Declivous; descending; sloping.

A downhill greensward.

Congreve.

Downlooked

DOWN'LOOKED, adjective Having a downcast countenance; dejected; gloomy; sullen; as jealousy downlooked.

Dryden.

Downlying

DOWN'LYING, noun The time of retiring to rest; time of repose.

Cavendish.

Downlying

DOWN'LYING, adjective About to be in travel of childbirth.

Johnson.

Downright

DOWN'RIGHT, adverb Right down; straight down; perpendicularly.

A giant cleft downright.

Hudibras.

2. In plain terms; without ceremony or circumlocution.

We shall chide downright.

Shak.

3. Completely; without stopping short; as, she fell downright into a fit.

Arbuthnot.

Downright

DOWN'RIGHT, adjective Directly to the point; plain; open; artless; undisguised; as downright madness; downright nonsense; downright wisdom; downright falsehood; downright atheism.

2. Plain; artless; unceremonious; blunt; as, he spoke in his downright way.

Downrightly

DOWN'RIGHTLY, adverb Plainly; in plain terms; bluntly.

Barrow.

Down-Sitting

DOWN'-SITTING, noun The act of sitting down; repose; a resting.

Thou knowest my down-sitting and my uprising. Psalm 139.

Downtrod

DOWN'TROD, or DOWN'TRODDEN, adjective Trodden down; trampled down.

Shak.

Downward

DOWN'WARD, or DOWN'WARDS, adverb [Saxon duneweard. See Ward.]

1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course, whether directly toward the center of the earth, or not; as, to tend downward; to move or roll downwards; to look downward; to take root downwards.

2. In a course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source. Water flows downward toward the sea; we sailed downward on the stream.

3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, considered as a head; as, to trace successive generations downward from Adam or Abraham.

4. In the course of falling or descending from elevation or distinction.

Downward

DOWN'WARD, adjective Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open air; tending towards the earth or its center; as a downward course; he took his way with downward force.

Dryden.

2. Declivous; bending; as the downward heaven.

Dryden.

3. Descending from a head, origin or source.

4. Tending to a lower condition or state; depressed; dejected; as downward thoughts.

Sidney.

Downweed

DOWN'WEED, noun Cottonweed, a downy plant.

Barret.

Downy

DOWN'Y, adjective [See Down.] Covered with down or nap; as a downy feather; downy wings.

2. Covered with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant.

3. Made of down or soft feathers; as a downy pillow.

4. Soft, calm, soothing; as downy sleep.

5. Resembling down.

Dowry

DOW'RY, noun [See Dower. This word differs not from dower. It is the same word differently written, and the distinction made between them is arbitrary.]

1. The money, goods or estate which a woman brings to her husband in marriage; the portion given with a wife.

Shak. Dryden.

2. The reward paid for a wife.

Cowley.

3. A gift; a fortune, given.

Johnson.

Dowse

DOWSE, verb transitive [Swedish daska.] To strike on the face. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Dowst

DOWST, noun A stroke. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Doxological

DOXOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to doxology; giving praise to God.

Howell.

Doxology

DOXOL'OGY, noun [Greek; praise, glory, and, to speak.]

In christian worship, a hymn in praise of the Almighty; a particular form of giving glory to God.

Doxy

DOX'Y, noun [Qu. Swedish docka, a baby, doll or plaything.] A prostitute.

Shak.

Doze

DOZE, verb intransitive [Danish dÃƒ-¶ser, to stifle, suppress or quiet; to make heavy, sleepy or drowsy; dysser, to lull to sleep. The Saxon has dwoes, dwes, dull, stupid, foolish, Dutch dwaas. The Saxon dysig is rendered foolish or dizzy. See Dote, and Class Ds.No.1.3.]

1. To slumber; to sleep lightly.

If he happened to doze a little, the jolly cobler waked him.

L'Estrange.

2. To live in a state of drowsiness; to be dull or half asleep; as, to doze away the time; to doze over a work.

Dryden. Pope.

Doze

DOZE, verb transitive To make dull; to stupify. Dryden uses the participle dozed, "Dozed with his fumes;" but the transitive verb is seldom or never used.

Dozen

DOZ'EN, adjective duz'n. [French douzaine; Armoric douÃƒ-§zenn; from French douze, twelve; Norm. French dudzime, a dozen; Spanish doce, twelve; docena, a dozen; Portugese duzia, dozen; Italian dozzina, id.; Dutch dozyn; German duzend, or dutzend; Swedish dussin; Danish dusin. Qu. two and ten, German zehn. The composition of the word is not obvious.]

Twelve in number, applied to things of the same kind, but rarely or never to that number in the abstract. We say, a dozen men; a dozen pair of gloves. It is a word much used in common discourse and in light compositions; rarely in the grave or elevated style.

Dozen

DOZ'EN, noun The number twelve of things of a like kind; as a dozen of eggs; twelve dozen of gloves; a dozen of wine.

Dozer

DO'ZER, noun One that dozes or slumbers.

Doziness

DO'ZINESS, noun [from dozy.] Drowsiness; heaviness; inclination to sleep.

Locke.

Dozing

DO'ZING, participle of the present tense Slumbering.

Dozing

DO'ZING, noun A slumbering; sluggisbness.

Chesterfield.

Dozy

DO'ZY, adjective [See Doze.] Drowsy; heavy; inclined to sleep; sleepy; sluggish; as a dozy head.

Dryden.

Drab

DRAB, noun [Saxon drabbe, lees, dregs; Dutch drabbe, dregs. This seems to be the Danish draabe, a drop.]

1. A strumpet; a prostitute.

Shak. Pope.

2. A low, sluttish woman. [This seems to be the sense in which it is generally used in New England.]

3. A kind of wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans. Its bottom is shelving or inclining that the water may drain off.

Encyc.

Drab

DRAB, noun [French drap, cloth; Italian drappo; Spanish trapo, and without the prefix t, ropa, cloth, Portugese roupa, whence robe. From the French we have draper, drapery, as the Spanish have ropage, for drapery. This word seems allied to the Latin trabea.] A kind of thick woolen cloth.

Drab

DRAB, adjective Being of a dun color, like the cloth so called.

Drab

DRAB, verb intransitive To associate with strumpets.

Beaum.

Drabbing

DRAB'BING, participle of the present tense Keeping company with lewd women.

Drabbing

DRAB'BING, noun An associating with strumpets.

Beaum.

Drabble

DRAB'BLE, verb transitive To draggle; to make dirty by drawing in mud and water; to wet and befoul; as, to drabble a gown or cloke.

N.England.

In Scottish, this word signifies to dirty by slabbering, as if it were allied to dribble, drivel, from the root of drip, which coincides with drop.

Drabble

DRAB'BLE, verb intransitive To fish for barbels with a long line and rod.

Encyc.

Drabbling

DRAB'BLING, adjective Drawing in mud or water; angling for barbels.

Drabbling

DRAB'BLING, noun A method of angling for barbels with a rod and a long line passed through a piece of lead.

Encyc.

Drabler

DRAB'LER, noun In seaman's language, a small additional sail, sometimes laced to the bottom of a bonnet on a square sail, in sloops and schooners. It is the same to a bonnet, as a bonnet is to a course.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Drachma

DRACH'MA, noun [Latin from Greek; French dragme; Italian dramma, by contraction, dram.]

1. A Grecian coin, of the value of seven pence, three farthings, sterling, or nearly fourteen cents.

2. The eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains, or three scruples; a weight used by apothecaries, but usually written dram.

Draco

DRA'CO, noun [See Dragon.] In astronomy, a constellation of the northern hemisphere, containing, according to Flamstead, eighty stars.

2. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds.

Encyc.

3. A genus of animals of two species. [See Dragon.]

Dracontic

DRACON'TIC, adjective [Latin draco.] In astronomy, belonging to that space of time in which the moon performs one entire revolution.

Bailey.

Dracunculus

DRACUN'CULUS, noun [from Latin draco, dragon.] In botany, a plant, a species of Arum, with a long stalk, spotted like a serpent's belly.

2. In medicine, a long slender worm, bred in the muscular parts of the arms and legs, called Guinea worm. These are trouble-some in tropical climates, and are usually extirpated by the point of a needle.

Encyc.

Drad

DRAD, adjective Terrible. obsolete [See Dread.] This was also the old pret. of dread.

Draff

DR`AFF, noun [Dutch draf, droef, dregs, grains. Shakespear wrote draugh, and the French have drague, grains. The latter coincides in elements with draw, drag.]

Refuse; lees; dregs; the wash given to swine, or grains to cows; waste matter.

Milton. Dryden.

Draffish

DR`AFFISH, adjective Worthless.

Draffy

DR`AFFY, adjective Dreggy; waste; worthless.

Draft

DR`AFT, noun [corrupted from draught, from drag, draw, but authorized by respectable use.] A drawing; as, this horse is good for draft. In this sense, draught is perhaps most common.

2. A drawing of men from a military band; a selecting or detaching of soldiers from an army, or any part of it, or from a military post. Sometimes a drawing of men from other companies or societies.

Several of the States had supplied the deficiency by drafts to serve for the year.

Marshall.

These important posts, in consequence of heavy drafts, were left weakly defended.

3. An order from one man to another directing the payment of money; a bill of exchange.

I thought it most prudent to defer the drafts, till advice was received of the progress of the loan.

Hamilton.

4. A drawing of lines for a plan; a figure described on paper; delineation; sketch; plan delineated. [See Draught.]

5. Depth of water necessary to float a ship. [See Draught.]

6. A writing composed.

Draft

DR`AFT, verb transitive To draw the outline; to delineate.

2. To compose and write; as, to draft a memorial or a lease.

3. To draw men from a military band or post; to select; to detach.

4. To draw men from any company, collection or society.

This Cohen-Caph-El was some royal seminary in Upper Egypt, from whence they drafted novices to supply their colleges and temples.

Holwell's Dict.

Draft-Horse

DR`AFT-HORSE, noun A horse employed in drawing, particularly in drawing heavy loads or in plowing.

Draft-Ox

DR`AFT-OX, noun An ox employed in drawing.

Drafted

DR`AFTED, participle passive Drawn; delineated; detached.

Drafting

DR`AFTING, participle of the present tense Drawing; delineating; detaching.

Drafts

DR`AFTS, noun A game played on checkers.

Drag

DRAG, v.t. [Saxon dragan; Welsh dragiaw; Dutch draagen; Swedish draga; Danish drager; German tragen; also Danish trekker; Dutch trekken; Saxon dreogan; Latin traho; French traire; Malayan, tarek; Italian treggia, a sled or drag; Spanish trago, a draught; tragar, to swallow, to drink. See Drink and Drench. The Russian has dergayu, and torgayu, to draw, as truck is written torguyu. See Class Rg. No.27.37.56.]

1. To pull; to haul; to draw along the ground by main force; applied particularly to drawing heavy things with labor, along the ground or other surface; as, to drag stone or timber; to drag a net in fishing. John 21:8.

2. To break land by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow; a common use of this word in New England.

3. To draw along slowly or heavily; to draw any thing burdensome; as, to drag a lingering life.

Dryden.

4. To draw along in contempt, as unworthy to be carried.

He drags me at his chariot-wheels.

Stillingfleet.

To drag one in chains.

Milton.

5. To pull or haul about roughly and forcibly.

Dryden.

In seamen's language, to drag an anchor, is to draw or trail it along the bottom when loosened, or when the anchor will not hold the ship.

Drag

DRAG, verb intransitive To hang so low as to trail on the ground.

2. To fish with a drag; as, they have been dragging for fish all day, with little success.

3. To be drawn along; as, the anchor drags.

4. To be moved slowly; to proceed heavily; as, this business drags.

5. To hang or grate on the floor, as a door.

Drag

DRAG, noun Something to be drawn along the ground, as a net or a hook.

2. A particular kind of harrow.

3. A car; a low cart.

4. In sea-language, a machine consisting of a sharp square frame of iron, encircled with a net, used to take the wheel off from the platform or bottom of the decks.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

5. Whatever is drawn; a boat in tow; whatever serves to retard a ship's way.

Encyc.

Dragged

DRAG'GED, participle passive Drawn on the ground; drawn with labor or force; drawn along slowly and heavily; raked with a drag or harrow.

Dragging

DRAG'GING, participle of the present tense Drawing on the ground; drawing with labor or by force; drawing slowly or heavily; raking with a drag.

Draggle

DRAG'GLE, verb transitive [dim. of drag.] To wet and dirty by drawing on the ground or mud, or on wet grass; to drabble.

Gray.

Draggle

DRAG'GLE, verb intransitive To be drawn on the ground; to become wet or dirty by being drawn on the mud or wet grass.

Draggle-Tail

DRAG'GLE-TAIL, noun A slut.

Sherwood.

Draggled

DRAG'GLED, participle passive Drawn on the ground; wet or dirtied by being drawn on the ground or mire.

Draggling

DRAG'GLING, participle of the present tense Drawing on the ground; making dirty by drawing on the ground or wet grass.

Dragman

DRAG'MAN, noun A fisherman that uses a dragnet.

Hale.

Dragnet

DRAG'NET, noun A net to be drawn on the bottom of a river or pond for taking fish.

Dryden. Watts.

Dragoman

DRAG'OMAN, DRO'GMAN, noun [Italian dragomanno; French trucheman; Spanish trujaman; Chaldee, Arabic, from, ChaldeeArabicSyriacEthiopic to interpret.]

An interpreter; a term in general use in the Levant and other parts of the East.

Dragon

DRAG'ON, noun [Latin draco; Greek; Italian dragone; French dragon; Dutch draak; German drache; Irish draic or draig; Welsh draig; Swedish drake; Danish drage. The origin of this word is not obvious. In Irish drag is fire; in Welsh dragon is a leader, chief or sovereign, from dragiaw, to draw. In Scotch, the word signifies a paper kite, as also in Danish; probably from the notion of flying or shooting along, like a fiery meteor. In Welsh, draig is rendered by Owen a procreator or generating principle, a fiery serpent, a dragon, and the Supreme; and the plural dreigiau, silent lightnings, dreigiaw, to lighten silently. Hence I infer that the word originally signified a shooting meteor in the atmosphere, a fiery meteor, and hence a fiery or flying serpent, from a root which signified to shoot or draw out.]

1. A kind of winged serpent, much celebrated in the romances of the middle ages.

Johnson.

2. A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent.

Swift, swift, ye dragons of the night! that dawning

May bear the raven's eye.

Shak.

3. A fierce, violent person, male or female; as, this man or woman is a dragon.

4. A constellation of the northern hemisphere. [See Draco.]

In scripture, dragon seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or serpent, Isaiah 27. where the leviathan is also mentioned; also Psalm 74.

Sometimes it seems to signify a venomous land serpent. Psalm 91. The dragon shalt thou trample under foot.

It is often used for the devil, who is called the old serpent. Revelation 20:2.

Dragon

DRAG'ON, noun A genus of animals, the Draco. They have four legs, a cylindrical tail, and membranaceous wings, radiated like the fins of a flying-fish.

Encyc.

Dragonet

DRAG'ONET, noun A little dragon.

Spenser.

2. A fish with a slender round body, colored with yellow, blue and white; the head is large and depressed at the top and has two orifices, through which it breathes and ejects water, like the cetaceous tribe.

Dragon-Fish

DRAG'ON-FISH, noun A species of Trachinus, called the weaver. This fish is about twelve inches in length; it has two or three longitudinal lines of a dirty yellow on the sides, and the belly of a silvery hue. The wounds of its spines occasion inflammation. It buries itself in the sand, except its nose.

Dict. of Nat.Hist.

Dragon-Fly

DRAG'ON-FLY, noun A genus of insects, the Libella or Libellula, having four extended wings; they are furnished with jaws; the antennae are shorter than the thorax; and the tail of the male is terminated by a kind of hooked forceps. There are many species, with a great diversity of colors.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Dragonish

DRAG'ONISH, adjective In the form of a dragon; dragonlike.

Shak.

Dragonlike

DRAG'ONLIKE, adjective Like a dragon; fiery; furious.

Shak.

Dragons

DRAG'ONS, noun A genus of plants, the Dracontium, of several species, natives of the Indies.

Dragons-Blood

DRAG'ON'S-BLOOD, noun [Saxon dracanblod.] A resinous substance, or red juice, extracted from the Dracoena draco, and other trees of a similar nature. It comes from the East Indies, in small flat cakes or round balls, or in oval drops, wrapped in leaves, and knotted like a chaplet. It has no sensible smell or taste. It has been considered as an astringent medicine, but is now little used for medicinal purposes. A solution of it in spirit of wine is used for staining marble, to which it gives a red tinge.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

Dragons-Head

DRAG'ON'S-HEAD, noun A genus of plants, the Dracocephalum, of many species, most of them herbaceous, annual or perennial plants.

Encyc.

Dragon's Head and Tail, in astronomy, are the nodes of the planets, or the two points in which the orbits of the planets intersect the ecliptic.

Encyc.

Dragon-Shell

DRAG'ON-SHELL, noun A species of concamerated patella or limpet. The top is much curved, and of an ash-color on the outside, but internally, of a bright flesh color. It is found adhering to larger shells, or to the back of the tortoise, as common limpets do to the sides of rocks.

Dragons-Water

DRAG'ON'S-WATER, noun A plant, the Calla or African Arum.

Fam. of Plants.

Dragons-Wort

DRAG'ON'S-WORT, noun A plant, a species of Artemisia.

Fam. of Plants.

Dragon-Tree

DRAG'ON-TREE, noun A species of palm.

Johnson.

Dragoon

DRAGOON', noun [French dragon; Spanish id.; Portugese dragam, a dragon and dragoon; Italian dragone; German dragoner; Dutch dragonder; Danish dragon; Swedish id.; Latin draconarius, an ensign bearer, from draco, dragon; an appellation given to horsemen, perhaps for their rapidity or fierceness.]

A soldier or musketeer who serves on horseback or on foot, as occasion may require. Their arms are a sword, a musket and a bayonet.

Encyc.

Dragoon

DRAGOON', verb transitive To persecute by abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.

Johnson.

2. To enslave or reduce to subjection by soldiers.

3. To harass; to persecute; to compel to submit by violent measures; to force. [This is the more usual sense.]

The colonies may be influenced to any thing, but they can be dragooned to nothing.

Price.

Dragoonade

DRAGOONA'DE, noun The abandoning of a place to the rage of soldiers.

Burnet.

Dragooned

DRAGOON'ED, participle passive Abandoned to the violence of soldiers; persecuted; harassed.

Dragooning

DRAGOON'ING, participle of the present tense Abandoning to the rage of soldiers; persecuting; harassing; vexing.

Drail

DRAIL, verb transitive To trail. [Not in use.]

More.

Drail

DRAIL, verb intransitive To draggle. [Not in use.]

South.

Drain

DRA'IN, verb transitive [Saxon drehnigean, to drain, to strain. This may be a derivative from the root of draw. Qu. Saxon drygan, to dry.]

1. To filter; to cause to pass through some porous substance.

Salt water, drained through twenty vessels of earth, hath become fresh.

Bacon.

2. To empty or clear of liquor, by causing the liquor to drop or run off slowly; as, to drain a vessel or its contents.

3. To make dry; to exhaust of water or other liquor, by causing it to flow off in channels, or through porous substances; as, to drain land; to drain a swamp or marsh.

4. To empty; to exhaust; to draw off gradually; as, a foreign war drains a country of specie.

Drain

DRAIN, verb intransitive To flow off gradually; as, let the water of low ground drain off.

2. To be emptied of liquor, by flowing or dropping; as, let the vessel stand and drain; let the cloth hang and drain.

Drain

DRAIN, noun A channel through which water or other liquid flows off; particularly, a trench or ditch to convey water from wet land; a watercourse; a sewer; a sink.

Drainable

DRA'INABLE, adjective Capable of being drained.

Sherwood.

Drainage

DRA'INAGE, noun A draining; a gradual flowing off of any liquid.

Drained

DRA'INED, participle passive Emptied of water or other liquor by a gradual discharge, flowing or dropping; exhausted; drawn off.

Draining

DRA'INING, participle of the present tense Emptying of water or other liquor by filtration or flowing in small channels.

Drake

DRAKE, noun [German enterich; Danish andrik; Swedish andrak. It is compounded of ente, and, Saxon ened, Latin anas, a duck, and a word which I do not understand.]

1. The male of the duck kind.

2. [Latin draco, dragon.] A small piece of artillery.

Clarendon.

3. The drake-fly.

Dram

DRAM, noun [contracted from drachma, which see.]

1. Among druggists and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains In avoirdupois weight, the sixteenth part of an ounce.

2. A small quantity; as no dram of judgment.

Dryden.

3. As much spirituous liquor as is drank at once; as a dram of brandy. Drams are the slow poison of life.

Swift.

4. Spirit; distilled liquor.

Pope.

Dram

DRAM, verb intransitive To drink drams; to indulge in the use of ardent spirit. [A low word expressing a low practice.]

Dram-Drinker

DRAM'-DRINKER, noun One who habitually drinks spirits.

Drama

DR`AMA, noun [Greek, from, to make.]

A poem or composition representing a picture of human life, and accommodated to action. The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, opera, &c.

Encyc.

Dramatic

DRAMAT'IC, or DRAMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the drama; represented by action; theatrical; not narrative.

Bentley.

Dramatically

DRAMAT'ICALLY, adjective By representation; in the manner of the drama.

Dryden.

Dramatist

DRAM'ATIST, noun The author of a dramatic composition; a writer of plays.

Burnet.

Dramatize

DRAM'ATIZE, verb transitive To compose in the form of the drama; or to give to a composition the form of a play.

At Riga in 1204 was acted a prophetic play, that is, a dramatized extract from the history of the Old and New Testaments.

Tooke's Russia.

Drank

DRANK, preterit tense and participle passive of drink.

Drank

DRANK, noun A term for wild oats.

Encyc.

Drape

DRAPE, verb transitive [French draper.] To make cloth; also, to banter. Obs.

Draper

DRA'PER, noun [French drapier; draper, to make cloth; from drap, cloth.]

One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as a linen-draper or woolen-draper.

Drapery

DRA'PERY, noun [French draperie; Italian drapperia; from drap, drappo; Spanish ropage, from ropa, cloth.]

1. Clothwork; the trade of making cloth.

Bacon.

2. Cloth; stuffs of wool.

Arbuthnot.

3. In sculpture and painting, the representation of the clothing or dress of human figures; also, tapestry, hangings, curtains, &c.

Encyc.

Drapet

DRA'PET, noun Cloth; coverlet. [Not in use.]

Drastic

DRAS'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to make.]

Powerful; acting with strength or violence; efficacious; as a drastic cathartic.

Draugh

DRAUGH. [See Draff.]

Draught

DRAUGHT, noun draft. [from draw, drag.]

1. The act of drawing; an a horse or ox fit for draught.

2. The quality of being drawn; as a cart or plow of easy draught.

3. The drawing of liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of drinking.

4. The quantity of liquor drank at once.

5. The act of delineating, or that which is delineated; a representation by lines, as the figure of a house, a machine, a fort, &c., described on paper. [Qu. Irish dreach, Welsh dryÃƒ-§.]

Encyc.

6. Representation by picture; figure painted, or drawn by the pencil.

Dryden.

7. The act of drawing a net; a sweeping for fish.

8. That which is taken by sweeping with a net; as a draught of fishes. Luke 5.

9. The drawing or bending of a bow; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow.

Camden.

10. The act of drawing men from a military band, army or post; also, the forces drawn; a detachment. [See Draft, which is more generally used.]

11. A sink or drain. Matthew 15.

12. An order for the payment of money; a bill of exchange. [See Draft.]

13. The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden; as a ship of twelve feet draught.

14. In England, a small allowance on weighable goods, made by the king to the importer, or by the seller to the buyer, to insure full weight.

Encyc.

15. A sudden attack or drawing on an enemy. [Query.]

Spenser.

16. A writing composed.

17. Draughts, a kind of game resembling chess.

Draught

DRAUGHT, verb transitive To draw out; to call forth. [See Draft.]

Addison.

Draught-Hooks

DRAUGHT'-HOOKS, noun Large hooks of iron fixed on the cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side, one near the trunnion hole, and the other at the train; used in drawing the gun backwards and forwards by means of draught ropes.

Encyc.

Draught-Horse

DRAUGHT'-HORSE, noun A horse used in drawing a plow, cart or other carriage, as distinguished from a saddle horse.

Draught-House

DRAUGHT'-HOUSE, noun A house for the reception of filth or waste matter.

Draughtsman

DRAUGHTS'MAN, noun A man who draws writings or designs, or one who is skilled in such drawings.

2. One who drinks drams; a tippler.

Tatler.

Drave

DRAVE, the old participle of drive. We now use drove.

Draw

DRAW, verb transitive pret. drew; pp. drawn. [Saxon dragan; Latin traho. It is only a dialectical spelling of drag, which see.]

1. To pull along; to haul; to cause to move forward by force applied in advance of the thing moved or at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. It differs from drag only in this, that drag is more generally applied to things moved along the ground by sliding, or moved with greater toil or difficulty, and draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force. Draw is the more general or generic term, and drag, more specific. We say, the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet draw is properly used in both cases.

2. To pull out, as to draw a sword or dagger from its sheath; to unsheathe. Hence, to draw the sword, is to wage war.

3. To bring by compulsion; to cause to come.

Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seat? James 2.

4. To pull up or out; to raise from any depth; as, to draw water from a well.

5. To suck; as, to draw the breasts.

6. To attract; to cause to move or tend towards itself; as a magnet or other attracting body is said to draw it.

7. To attract; to cause to turn towards itself; to engage; as, a beauty or a popular speaker draws the eyes of an assembly, or draws their attention.

8. To inhale; to take air into the lungs; as, there I first drew air; I draw the sultry air.

Milton. Addison.

9. To pull or take from a spit, as a piece of meat.

Dryden.

10. To take from a cask or vat; to cause or to suffer a liquid to run out; as, to draw wine or cider.

11. To take a liquid from the body; to let out; as, to draw blood or water.

12. To take from an oven; as, to draw bread.

13. To cause to slide, as a curtain, either in closing or unclosing; to open or unclose and discover, or to close and conceal.

To draw the curtain is used in both senses.

Dryden. Sidney.

14. To extract; as, to draw spirit from grain or juice.

15. To produce; to bring, as an agent or efficient cause; usually followed by a modifying word; as, piety draws down blessings; crimes draw down vengeance; vice draws on us many temporal evils; war draws after it a train of calamities.

16. To move gradually or slowly; to extend.

They drew themselves more westerly.

Raleigh.

17. To lengthen; to extend in length.

How long her face is drawn.

Shak.

In some similes, men draw their comparisons into minute particulars of no importance.

Felton.

18. To utter in a lingering manner; as, to draw a groan.

Dryden.

19. To run or extend, by marking or forming; as, to draw a line on paper, or a line of circumvallation. Hence,

20. To represent by lines drawn on a plain surface; to form a picture or image; as, to draw the figure of a man; to draw the face. Hence,

21. To describe; to represent by words; as, the orator drew an admirable picture of human misery.

22. To represent in fancy; to image in the mind.

Shak.

23. To derive; to have or receive from some source, cause or donor; as, to draw the rudiments of science from a civilized nation; to draw consolation from divine promises.

24. To deduce; as, to draw arguments from facts, or inferences from circumstantial evidence.

25. To allure; to entice; to lead by persuasion or moral influence; to excite to motion.

Draw me; we will run after thee. Cant.i.

Men shall arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them. Acts 20.

26. To lead, as a motive; to induce to move.

My purposes do draw me much about.

Shak.

27. To induce; to persuade; to attract towards; in a very general sense.

28. To win; to gain; a metaphor from gaming.

Shak.

29. To receive or take, as from a fund; as, to draw money from a bank or from stock in trade.

30. To bear; to produce; as, a bond or note draws interest from its date.

31. To extort; to force out; as, his eloquence drew tears from the audience; to draw sighs or groans.

32. To wrest; to distort; as, to draw the scriptures to one's fancy.

Whitgift.

33. To compose; to write in due form; to form in writing; as, to draw a bill of exchange; to draw a deed or will.

34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in a lottery. We say, to draw a lottery, or to draw a number in the lottery.

35. To receive or gain by drawing; as, to draw a prize. We say also, a number draws a prize or a blank, when it is drawn at the same time.

36. To extend; to stretch; as, to draw wire; to draw a piece of metal by beating, &c.

37. To sink into the water; or to require a certain depth of water for floating; as, a ship draws fifteen feet of water.

38. To bend; as, to draw the bow. Isaiah 66.

39. To eviscerate; to pull out the bowels; as, to draw poultry.

King.

40. To withdraw. [Not used.]

Shak.

To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation.

To draw in, to collect; to apply to any purpose by violence.

A dispute, in which every thing is drawn in, to give color to the argument.

Locke.

2. To contract; to pull to a smaller compass; to pull back; as, to draw in the reins.

Gay.

3. To entice, allure or inveigle; as, to draw in others to support a measure.

To draw off, to draw from or away; also, to withdraw; to abstract; as, to draw off the mind from vain amusements.

2. To draw or take from; to cause to flow from; as, to draw off wine or cider from a vessel.

3. To extract by distillation.

Addison.

To draw on, to allure; to entice; to persuade or cause to follow.

The reluctant may be drawn on by kindness or caresses.

2. To occasion; to invite; to bring on; to cause.

Under color of war, which either his negligence drew on, or his practices procured, he levied a subsidy.

Hayward.

To draw over, to raise, or cause to come over, as in a still.

2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an opposing party, and to join one's own party. Some men may be drawn over by interest; others by fear.

To draw out, to lengthen; to stretch by force; to extend.

2. To beat or hammer out; to extend or spread by beating, as a metal.

3. To lengthen in time: to protract; to cause to continue.

Thy unkindness shall his death draw out

To lingering sufferance.

Shak.

Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations? Psalm 84.

4. To cause to issue forth; to draw off; as liquor from a cask.

5. To extract, as the spirit of a substance.

6. To bring forth; to pump out, by questioning or address; to cause to be declared, or brought to light; as, to draw out facts from a witness.

7. To induce by motive; to call forth.

This was an artifice to draw out from us an accusation.

Anon.

8. To detach; to separate from the main body; as, to draw out a file or party of men.

9. To range in battle; to array in a line.

To draw together, to collect or be collected.

To draw up, to raise; to lift; to elevate.

2. To form in order of battle; to array.

Dryden.

3. To compose in due form, as a writing; to form in writing; as, to draw up a deed; to draw up a paper.

Swift.

In this use, it is often more elegant to omit the modifying word. [See No.33.]

Draw

DRAW, verb intransitive To pull; to exert strength in drawing. We say, a horse or an ox draws well.

2. To act as a weight.

Watch the bias of the mind, that it may not draw too much.

Addison.

3. To shrink; to contract into a smaller compass.

Bacon.

4. To move; to advance. The day draws towards evening.

5. To be filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on and advance a ship in her course; as, the sails draw

6. To unsheathe a sword. His love drew to defend him. In this phrase, sword is understood.

7. To use or practice the art of delineating figures; as, he draws with exactness.

8. To collect the matter of an ulcer or abscess; to cause to suppurate; to excite to inflammation, maturation and discharge; as, an epispastic draws well.

To draw back, to retire; to move back; to withdraw.

2. To renounce the faith; to apostatize. Hebrews 10.

To draw near or nigh, to approach; to come near.

To draw off, to retire; to retrea; as, the company drew off by degrees.

To draw on, to advance; to approach; as, the day draws on.

Dryden.

2. To gain on; to approach in pursuit; as, the ship drew on the chase.

3. To demand payment by an order or bill, called a draught.

He drew on his factor for the amount of the shipment.

You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey.

Jay.

To draw up, to form in regular order; as, the troops drew up in front of the palace; the fleet drew up in a semicircle.

Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length. And Johnson justly observes, that it expresses an action gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquor quick, but we draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we draw it by gradual prevalence. We write a letter with haste, but we draw a bill with slow caution, and regard to a precise form. We draw a bar of metal by continued beating.

Draw

DRAW, noun The act of drawing.

2. The lot or chance drawn.

Drawable

DRAW'ABLE, adjective That may be drawn.

More.

Drawback

DRAW'BACK, noun Money or an amount paid back. Usually, a certain amount of duties or customs, paid or bonded by an importer, paid back or remitted to him on the exportation of the goods; or a certain amount of excise paid back or allowed on the exportation of home manufactures.

2. In a popular sense, any loss of advantage, or deduction from profit.

Draw-Bridge

DRAW'-BRIDGE, noun A bridge which may be drawn up or let down to admit or hinder communication, as before the gate of a town or castle, or in a bridge over a navigable river. In the latter, the draw-bridge usually consists of two movable platforms, which may be raised to let a vessel pass through.

Draw-Net

DRAW'-NET, noun A net for catching the larger sorts of fowls, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes.

Draw-Well

DRAW'-WELL, noun A deep well, from which water is drawn by a long cord or pole.

Grew.

Drawee

DRAW'EE, noun The person on whom an order or bill of exchange is drawn; the payer of a bill of exchange.

Drawer

DRAW'ER, noun One who draws or pulls; one who takes water from a well; one who draws liquors from a cask.

2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of attraction.

Swift.

3. He who draws a bill of exchange or an order for the payment of money.

4. A sliding box in a case or table, which is drawn at pleasure.

5. Drawers, in the plural, a close under garment worn on the lower limbs.

Drawing

DRAW'ING, participle of the present tense Pulling; hauling; attracting; delineating.

Drawing

DRAW'ING, noun The act of pulling, hauling or attracting.

2. The act of representing the appearance of figures of objects on a plain surface, by means of lines and shades, as with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c.; delineation.

Drawing-Master

DRAW'ING-MASTER, noun One who teaches the art of drawing.

Drawing-Room

DRAW'ING-ROOM, noun A room appropriated for the reception of company; a room in which distinguished personages hold levees, or private persons receive parties. It is written by Coxe, withdrawing-room, a room to which company withdraws from the dining-room.

2. The company assembled in a drawing-room.

Drawl

DRAWL, verb transitive [Dutch draalen, to linger.] To utter words in a slow lengthened tone.

Drawl

DRAWL, verb intransitive To speak with slow utterance.

Drawl

DRAWL, noun A lengthened utterance of the voice.

Drawling

DRAWL'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering words slowly.

Drawn

DRAWN, participle passive [See Draw.] Pulled; hauled; allured; attracted; delineated; extended; extracted; derived; deduced; written.

2. Equal, where each party takes his own stake; as a drawn game.

3. Having equal advantage, and neither party a victory; as a drawn battle.

4. With a sword drawn.

Shak.

5. Moved aside, as a curtain; unclosed, or closed.

6. Eviscerated; as a drawn fox.

Shak.

7. Induced, as by a motive; as, men are drawn together by similar views, or by motives of interest.

Drawn and quartered, drawn on a sled, and cut into quarters.

Dray

DRAY, noun [Saxon drage, Latin trahea, from draw, traho.]

1. A low cart or carriage on wheels, drawn by a horse.

Addison.

2. A sled.

Encyc.

Dray-Cart

DRA'Y-CART, noun A dray.

Dray-Horse

DRA'Y-HORSE, noun A horse used for drawing a dray

Tatler.

Dray-Man

DRA'Y-MAN, noun A man who attends a dray.

South.

Dray-Plow

DRA'Y-PLOW, noun A particular kind of plow.

Mortimer.

Drazel

DRAZ'EL, noun draz'l. A dirty woman; a slut. [This is a vulgar word; in New-England pronounced draz'l, and I believe always applied to a female.]

Dread

DREAD, n. dred. [Saxon droed. Qu. from the root of the Latin terro, or that of Swedish r?dd, fearful, r?das, to dread, Danish roed, fearful, Spanish arredrar, to terrify, or Irish cratham, to tremble. If d is a prefix, see Class Rd. No. 14. 19. 22. 25. 60. 78. The primary sense is probably to tremble, or to shrink.]

1. Great fear, or apprehension of evil or danger. It expresses more than fear, and less than terror or fright. It is an uneasiness or alarm excited by expected pain, loss or other evil. We speak of the dread of evil; the dread of suffering; the dread of the divine displeasure. It differs from terror also in being less sudden or more continued.

2. Awe; fear united with respect.

3. Terror.

Shall not his dread fall on you.

Job 13.

4. The cause of fear; the person or the thing dreaded.

Let him be your dread. Js. viii.

Dread

DREAD, adjective Exciting great fear or apprehension.

Shak.

2. Terrible; frightful.

Shak.

3. Awful; venerable in the highest degree; as dread sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.

Dread

DREAD, verb transitive To fear in a great degree; as, to dread the approach of a storm.

Dread

DREAD, verb intransitive To be in great fear.

Dread not, neither be afraid of them. Deuteronomy 1.

Dreadable

DREAD'ABLE, adjective That is to be dreaded. [Not used.]

Dreaded

DREAD'ED, participle passive Feared.

Dreader

DREAD'ER, noun One that fears, or lives in fear.

Swift.

Dreadful

DREAD'FUL, adjective Impressing great fear; terrible; formidable; as a dreadful storm, or dreadful night.

The great and dreadful day of the Lord. Malachi 4.

2. Awful; venerable.

How dreadful is this place. Genesis 48.

Dreadfully

DREAD'FULLY, adverb Terribly; in a manner to be dreaded.

Dryden.

Dreadfulness

DREAD'FULNESS, noun Terribleness; the quality of being dreadful; frightfulness.

Dreadless

DREAD'LESS, adjective Fearless; bold; not intimidated; undaunted; free from fear or terror; intrepid.

Milton.

Dreadlessness

DREAD'LESSNESS, noun Fearlessness; undauntedness; freedom from fear or terror; boldness.

Sidney.

Dream

DREAM, noun [Dutch droom; German traum; Swedish dr?m; Danish drÃƒ-¶m. In Russian dremlyu is to sleep. But I take the primary sense to be, to rove, and the word to be allied to Greek, a running, which seems to be from the root of roam, ramble. If not, it may signify to form images and be allied to frame.]

1. The thought or series of thoughts of a person in sleep. We apply dream, in the singular, to a series of thoughts, which occupy the mind of a sleeping person, in which he imagines he has a view of real things or transactions. A dream is a series of thoughts not under the command of reason, and hence wild and irregular.

Stewart.

2. In scripture, dreams were sometimes impressions on the minds of sleeping persons, made by divine agency. God came to Abimelech in a dream. Joseph was warned by God in a dream. Genesis 20. Matthew 2.

3. A vain fancy; a wild conceit; an unfounded suspicion.

Dream

DREAM, verb intransitive pret. dreamed or dreamt. [Dutch droomen; German trÃƒ-¤men; Swedish dr?mma; Danish drÃƒ-¶mmer.]

1. To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep; with of before a noun; as, to dream of a battle; to dream of an absent friend.

2. To think; to imagine; as, he little dreamed of his approaching fate.

3. To think idly.

They dream on in a course of reading, without digesting.

Locke.

4. To be sluggish; to waste time in vain thoughts; as, to dream away life.

Dream

DREAM, verb transitive To see in a dream.

And dreamt the future fight.

Dryden.

It is followed by a noun of the like signification; as, to dream a dream.

Dreamer

DRE'AMER, noun One who dreams.

2. A fanciful man; a visionary; one who forms or entertains vain schemes; as a political dreamer.

Marshall.

3. A man lost in wild imagination; a mope; a sluggard.

Dreamful

DRE'AMFUL, adjective Full of dreams.

Johnson.

Dreaming

DRE'AMING, participle of the present tense Having thoughts or ideas in sleep.

Dreamless

DRE'AMLESS, adjective Free from dreams.

Camden.

Dreamt

DREAMT, participle passive dremt. From dream.

Drear

DREAR, noun Dread; dismalness. Obs.

Spenser.

Drear

DREAR, adjective [Saxon drevrig, dreary.] Dismal; gloomy with solitude.

A drear and dying sound.

Milton.

Drearihead

DRE'ARIHEAD, noun Dismalness; gloominess. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Drearily

DRE'ARILY, adverb Gloomily; dismally.

Spenser.

Dreariment

DRE'ARIMENT, noun Dismalness; terror. Obs.

Dreariness

DRE'ARINESS, noun Dismalness; gloomy solitude.

Dreary

DRE'ARY, adjective [Saxon dreorig.] Dismal; gloomy; as a dreary waste; dreary shades. This word implies both solitude and gloom.

2. Sorrowful; distressing; as dreary shricks.

Spenser.

Dredge

DREDGE, noun [French drege; Armoric drag, as in English.]

1. A dragnet for taking oysters, &c.

Carew.

2. A mixture of oats and barley sown together.

Dredge

DREDGE, verb transitive To take, catch or gather with a dredge.

Carew.

Dredge

DREDGE, verb transitive [This seems to be connected with the French drague, grains, dragÃƒ-©e, sugar plums, small shot, meslin.] To sprinkle flour on roast meat.

Dredger

DREDG'ER, noun One who fishes with a dredge; also, an utensil for scattering flour on meat while roasting.

Dredging-Box

DREDG'ING-BOX, noun A box used for dredging meat.

Dredging-Machine

DREDG'ING-MACHINE, noun An engine used to take up mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, &c.

Cyc.

Dree

DREE, verb transitive [Saxon dreah.] To suffer. [Not used.]

Ray.

Dregginess

DREG'GINESS, noun [from dreggy.] Fullness of dregs or less; foulness; feculence.

Dreggish

DREG'GISH, adjective Full of dregs; foul with less; feculent.

Harvey.

Dreggy

DREG'GY, adjective [See Dregs.] Containing dregs or less; consisting of dregs; foul; muddy; feculent.

Boyle.

Dregs

DREGS, n. plu. [Swedish dr?gg; Danish drank; Greek,. That which is drained or thrown off, or that which subsides. See Class Rg. No. 8. 28. 58.]

1. The sediment of liquors; less; grounds; feculence; any foreign matter of liquors that subsides to the bottom of a vessel.

2. Waste or worthless matter; dross; sweepings; refuse. Hence, the most vile and despicable part of men; as the dregs of society.

Dreg, in the singular, is found in Spenser, but is not now used.

Drein

DREIN. [See Drain.]

Drench

DRENCH, verb transitive [Saxon drencean, to drench, to soak, to inebriate, and drencan, to drink, to give drink; drenc, drench, and drink; Dutch drenken; German trÃƒ-¤nken, to water, to soak; Swedish dr?nckia, to plunge, to soak; Scot. drouk; Welsh troci. Drench, drink, drown, and probably drag, are from the same root. See Drink and Drag.]

1. To wet thoroughly; to soak; to fill or cover with water or other liquid; as garments drenched in rain or in the sea; the flood has drenched the earth; swords drenched in blood.

2. To saturate with drink.

Shak.

3. To purge violently.

Mortimer.

Drench

DRENCH, noun A draught; a swill; also, a portion of medicine to purge a beast, particularly a horse. Hence, a violent dose of physic to be forced down the throat.

Drenched

DRENCH'ED, participle passive Soaked; thoroughly wet; purged with a dose.

Drencher

DRENCH'ER, noun One who wets or steeps; one who gives a drench to a beast.

Drenching

DRENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Wetting thoroughly; soaking; purging.

Drent

DRENT, participle passive Drenched. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Dress

DRESS, verb transitive pret. and pp. dressed or drest. [French dresser, to make straight, to set up, to erect; Armoric dreÃƒ-§za, dreÃƒ-§zein; Italian rizzare, to erect, to make straight; dirizzare, to direct, to address; Spanish enderezar, Portugese endereÃƒ-§ar, to direct; Norm. adrescer, to redress. The primary sense is, to make straight, to strain or stretch to straightness. The Italian rizzare is supposed to be formed from ritto, straight, upright, Latin ereclus, rectus, from erigo, rego.]

1. To make straight or a straight line; to adjust to a right line. We have the primary sense in the military phrase, dress your ranks. Hence the sense, to put in order.

2. To adjust; to put in good order; as, to dress the beds of a garden. Sometimes, to till or cultivate. Genesis 2. Deuteronomy 28.

3. To put in good order, as a wounded limb; to cleanse a wound, and to apply medicaments. The surgeon dresses the limb or the wound.

4. To prepare, in a general sense; to put in the condition desired; to make suitable or fit; as, to dress meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress a lamp: but we, in the latter case, generally use trim. To dress hemp or flax, is to break and clean it.

5. To curry, rub and comb; as, to dress a horse: or to break or tame and prepare for service, as used by Dryden; but this is unusual.

6. To put the body in order, or in a suitable condition; to put on clothes; as, he dressed himself for breakfast.

7. To put on rich garments; to adorn; to deck; to embellish; as, the lady dressed herself for a ball.

To dress up, is to clothe pompously or elegantly; as, to dress up with tinsel.

The sense of dress depends on its application. To dress the body, to dress meat, and to dress leather, are very different senses, but all uniting in the sense of preparing or fitting for use.

Dress

DRESS, verb intransitive To arrange in a line; as, look to the right and dress.

2. To pay particular regard to dress or raiment.

Bramston.

Dress

DRESS, noun That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; as, the dress of a lady is modest and becoming; a gaudy dress is evidence of a false taste.

2. A suit of clothes; as, the lady has purchased an elegant dress.

3. Splendid clothes; habit of ceremony; as a full dress.

4. Skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant clothing; as men of dress

Pope.

Dressed

DRESS'ED, participle passive Adjusted; made straight; put in order; prepared; trimmed; tilled; clothed; adorned; attired.

Dresser

DRESS'ER, noun One who dresses; one who is employed in putting on clothes and adorning another; one who is employed in preparing, trimming or adjusting any thing.

2. [French dressoir.] A side-board; a table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for use.

Dressing

DRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Adjusting to a line; putting in order; preparing; clothing; embellishing; cultivating.

Dressing

DRESS'ING, noun Raiment; attire.

B. Jonson.

2. That which is used as an application to a wound or sore.

3. That which is used in preparing land for a crop; manure spread over land. When it remains on the surface, it is called a top-dressing.

4. In popular language, correction; a flogging, or beating.

Dressing-Room

DRESS'ING-ROOM, noun An apartment appropriated for dressing the person.

Dress-Maker

DRESS'-MAKER, noun A maker of gowns, or similar garments; a mantuamaker.

Dressy

DRESS'Y, adjective Showy in dress; wearing rich or showy dresses.

Drest

DREST, participle passive of dress.

Dreul

DREUL, verb intransitive [Qu. drivel, or Arabic to slaver.]

To emit saliva; to suffer saliva to issue and flow down from the mouth.

Drib

DRIB, verb transitive [Qu. from dribble, but the word is not elegant, nor much used.] To crop or cut off; to defalcate.

Dryden.

Drib

DRIB, noun A drop. [Not used.]

Swift.

Dribble

DRIB'BLE, verb intransitive [A diminutive from drip, and properly dripple.]

1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops; as, water dribbles from the eaves.

2. To slaver as a child or an idiot.

3. To fall weakly and slowly; as the dribling dart of love.

Shak.

Dribble

DRIB'BLE, verb transitive To throw down in drops.

Swift.

Dribblet

DRIB'BLET, noun [Welsh rhib.] A small piece or part; a small sum; odd money in a sum; as, the money was paid in dribblets.

Dribbling

DRIB'BLING, participle of the present tense Falling in drops or small drops.

Dribbling

DRIB'BLING, noun A falling in drops.

Dried

DRI'ED, participle passive of dry. Free from moisture or sap.

Drier

DRI'ER, noun [from dry.] That which has the quality of drying; that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desiccative. The sun and a northwesterly wind are great driers of the earth.

Drift

DRIFT, noun [Danish drift; from drive.] That which is driven by wind or water, as drift seems to be primarily a participle. Hence,

2. A heap of any matter driven together; as a drift of snow, called also a snow-drift; a drift of sand.

3. A driving; a force impelling or urging forward; impulse; overbearing power or influence; as the drift of a discourse.

4. Course of any thing; tendency; aim; main force; as the drift of reasoning or argument; the drift of a discourse.

5. Any thing driven by force, as a drift of dust; a log or a raft driven by a stream of water, without guidance.

Dryden.

6. A shower; a number of things driven at once; as a drift of bullets.

Shak.

7. In mining, a passage cut between shaft and shaft; a passage within the earth.

Encyc. Fourcroy.

8. In navigation, the angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the nearest meridian, when she drives with her side to the wind and waves, and is not governed by the helm. Also, the distance which the ship drives on that line.

Encyc.

9. The drift of a current, is its angle and velocity.

Mar. Dict.

Drift

DRIFT, verb intransitive To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps; as snow or sand drifts.

2. To float or be driven along by a current of water; as, the ship drifted astern; a raft drifted ashore.

Drift

DRIFT, verb transitive To drive into heaps; as, a current of wind drifts snow or sand.

Drifted

DRIFT'ED, participle passive Driven along; driven into heaps.

Drifting

DRIFT'ING, participle of the present tense Driving by force; driving into heaps.

Drift-Sail

DRIFT'-SAIL, noun In navigation, a sail used under water, veered out right ahead by sheets.

Encyc.

Drift-Way

DRIFT'-WAY, noun A common way for driving cattle in.

Cowel.

Drift-Wind

DRIFT'-WIND, noun A driving wind; a wind that drives things into heaps.

Beaum.

Drill

DRILL, verb transitive [Saxon thirlian; German and Dutch drillen; Danish driller; Swedish drilla; to turn, wind or twist; Welsh rhill, a row or drill; rhilliaw, to drill, to trench; truliaw, to drill, as a hole; troel, a whirl; troelli, to turn or whirl. The latter is evidently connected with roll. Class Rl. No. 4.]

1. To pierce with a drill; to perforate by turning a sharp pointed instrument of a particular form; to bore and make a hole by turning an instrument. We say, to drill a hole through a piece of metal, or to drill a cannon.

2. To draw on; to entice; to amuse and put off.

She drilled him on to five and fifty. [Not elegant.]

Addision.

3. To draw on from step to step. [Not elegant.]

South.

4. To draw through; to drain; as, waters drilled through a sandy stratum.

Thomson.

5. In a military sense, to teach and train raw soldiers to their duty, by frequent exercise; a common and appropriate use of the word.

6. In husbandry, to sow grain in rows, drills or channels.

Drill

DRILL, verb transitive To sow in drills.

2. To flow gently.

3. To muster, for exercise.

Beaun.

Drill

DRILL, noun A pointed instrument, used for boring holes, particularly in metals and other hard substances.

Moxon.

2. An ape or baboon.

3. The act of training soldiers to their duty.

4. A small stream; now called a rill.

Sandys.

[Drill is formed on the root of rill, German rille, a channel.]

5. In husbandry, a row of grain, sowed by a drill-plow.

Drilled

DRILL'ED, participle passive Bored or perforated with a drill; exercised; sown in rows.

Drilling

DRILL'ING, participle of the present tense Boring with a drill; training to military duty; sowing in drills.

Drill-Plow

DRILL-PLOW, noun A plow for sowing grain in drills.

Drink

DRINK, verb intransitive pret. and pp. drank. Old pret. and pp. drunk; pp. drunken. [Saxon drincan, drican, drycian; Gothic dragyan, to give drink; Dutch drinken; German trinken; Swedish dricka; Danish drikker, to drink; Spanish tragar, Portugese id., to swallow; trago, a draught. The latter, and probably drink, is from drawing, or the latter, may be more nearly allied to Welsh trochi, or troÃƒ-§i, to plunge, bathe, immerse. Drink and drench are radically the same word, and probably drown. We observe that n is not radical.]

1. To swallow liquor, for quenching thirst or other purpose; as, to drink of the brook.

Ye shall indeed drink of my cup. Matthew 20.

2. To take spirituous liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the use of spirituous liquors; to be a habitual drunkard.

Pope.

3. To feast; to be entertained with liquors.

Shak.

To drink to, to salute in drinking; to invite to drink by drinking first; as, I drink to your grace.

Shak.

2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup.

Shak.

Drink

DRINK, verb transitive To swallow, as liquids; to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach; as, to drink water or wine.

2. To suck in; to absorb; to imbibe.

And let the purple violets drink the stream.

Dryden.

3. To take in by any inlet; to hear; to see; as, to drink words or the voice.

Shak. Pope.

I drink delicious poison from the eye.

Pope.

4. To take in air; to inhale.

To drink down, is to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to drink down unkindness.

Shak.

To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught; as, to drink off a cup of cordial.

To drink in, to absorb; to take or receive into any inlet.

To drink up, to drink the whole.

To drink health, or to the health, a customary civility in which a person at taking a glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for another.

Drink

DRINK, noun Liquor to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach, for quenching thirst, or for medicinal purposes; as water, wine, beer, cider, decoctions, &c.

Drinkable

DRINK'ABLE, adjective That may be drank; fit or suitable for drink; potable.

Drinkable

DRINK'ABLE, noun A liquor that may be drank.

Steele.

Drinker

DRINK'ER, noun One who drinks, particularly one who practices drinking spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard; a tipler.

Drinking

DRINK'ING, participle of the present tense Swallowing liquor; sucking in; absorbing.

Drinking

DRINK'ING, noun The act of swallowing liquors, or of absorbing.

2. The practice of drinking to excess. We say, a man is given to drinking.

Drinking-Horn

DRINK'ING-HORN, noun A horn cup, such as our rude ancestors used.

Drinking-House

DRINK'ING-HOUSE, noun A house frequented by tiplers; an alehouse.

Drinkless

DRINK'LESS, adjective Destitute of drink.

Chaucer.

Drink-Money

DRINK'-MONEY, noun Money given to buy liquor for drink.

Drip

DRIP, verb intransitive [Saxon drypan, driopan, dropian, to drip, to drop; Dutch druipen; German triefen; Swedish drypa; Danish drypper. This seems to be of the same family as drop. Hence dribble, dripple, drivel. The Arabic has the precise word tharafa, to drop or distil. Qu. Hebrew and Arabic to drop. The Persic has tirabidan, to exude: See Class Rb. No. 11. 35.]

1. To fall in drops; as, water drips from eaves.

2. To have any liquid falling from it in drops; as, a wet garment drips.

Drip

DRIP, verb transitive To let fall in drops.

The thatch drips fast a shower of rain.

Swift.

So we say, roasting flesh drips fat.

Drip

DRIP, noun A falling in drops, or that which falls in drops.

In building, avoid the drip of your neighbor's house.

2. The edge of a roof; the eaves; a large flat member of the cornice.

Bailey. Chambers.

Dripping

DRIP'PING, participle of the present tense Falling or letting fall in drops.

Dripping

DRIP'PING, noun The fat which falls from meat in roasting; that which falls in drops.

Dripping-Pan

DRIP'PING-PAN, noun A pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.

Dripple

DRIP'PLE, adjective Weak or rare. [Not in use.]

Drive

DRIVE, verb transitive pret. drove, [formerly drave;] pp. driven. [Saxon drifan; Gothic dreiban; Dutch dryven; German treiben; Swedish drifva; Danish driver; also Saxon dryfan, to vex; adrifan, to drive. From the German we have thrive. See Arabic tarafa, to drive, Class Rb. No. 29. and Hebrew Syriac Arabic id. No. 4.]

1. To impel or urge forward by force; to force; to move by physical force. We drive a nail into wood with a hammer; the wind or a current drives a ship on the ocean.

2. To compel or urge forward by other means than absolute physical force, or by means that compel the will; as, to drive cattle to market. A smoke drives company from the room. A man may be driven by the necessities of the times, to abandon his country.

Drive thy business; let not thy business drive thee.

Franklin.

3. To chase; to hunt.

To drive the deer with hound and horn.

Cheoy Chase.

4. To impel a team of horses or oxen to move forward, and to direct their course; hence, to guide or regulate the course of the carriage drawn by them. We say, to drive a team, or to drive a carriage drawn by a team.

5. To impel to greater speed.

6. To clear any place by forcing away what is in it.

To drive the country, force the swains away.

Dryden.

7. To force; to compel; in a general sense.

8. To hurry on inconsiderately; often with on. In this sense it is more generally intransitive.

9. To distress; to straighten; as desperate men far driven.

Spenser.

10. To impel by the influence of passion. Anger and lust often drive men into gross crimes.

11. To urge; to press; as, to drive an argument.

12. To impel by moral influence; to compel; as, the reasoning of his opponent drove him to acknowledge his error.

13. To carry on; to prosecute; to keep in motion; as, to drive a trade; to drive business.

14. To make light by motion or agitation; as, to drive feathers.

His thrice driven bed of down.

Shak.

The sense is probably to beat; but I do not recollect this application of the word in America.

To drive away, to force to remove to a distance; to expel; to dispel; to scatter.

To drive off, to compel to remove from a place; to expel; to drive to a distance.

To drive out, to expel.

Drive

DRIVE, verb intransitive To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; as, a ship drives before the wind.

2. To rush and press with violence; as, a storm drives against the house.

Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails.

Dryden.

3. To pass in a carriage; as, he drove to London. This phrase is elliptical. He drove his horses or carriage to London.

4. To aim at or tend to; to urge towards a point; to make an effort to reach or obtain; as, we know the end the author is driving at.

5. To aim a blow; to strike at with force.

Four rogues in buckram let drive at me.

Shak.

Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is opposed to lead. To drive a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the force before, or forward of the body.

Drive

DRIVE, noun Passage in a carriage.

Boswell.

Drivel

DRIV'EL, verb intransitive driv'l. [from the root of drip.]

1. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot or dotard.

Sidney. Grew.

2. To be weak or foolish; to dote; as a driveling hero; driveling love.

Shak. Dryden.

Drivel

DRIV'EL, noun Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth.

Dryden.

2. A driveller; a fool; an idiot. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Driveler

DRIV'ELER, noun A slaverer; a slabberer; an ideot; a fool.

Swift.

Driveling

DRIV'ELING, participle of the present tense Slavering; foolish.

Driven

DRIV'EN, participle passive driv'n [from drive.] Urged forward by force; impelled to move; constrained by necessity.

Driver

DRI'VER, noun One who drives; the person or thing that urges or compels any thing else to move.

2. The person who drives beasts.

3. The person who drives a carriage; one who conducts a team.

4. A large sail occasionally set on the mizenyard or gaff, the foot being extended over the stern by a boom.

Mar. Dict.

Driving

DRI'VING, participle of the present tense Urging forward by force; impelling.

Driving

DRI'VING, noun The act of impelling.

2. Tendency.

Drizzle

DRIZ'ZLE, verb intransitive [German rieseln. The sense is probably to sprinkle, or to scatter. Qu. Latin ros, dew, and French arroser. See Hebrew Chaldee, Arabic. Class Rs. No. 16. 28.]

To rain in samll drops; to fall as water from the clouds in very fine particles. We say, it drizzles; drizzling drops; drizzling rain; drizzling tears.

Addison.

Drizzle

DRIZ'ZLE, verb transitive To shed in small drops or particles.

The air doth drizzle dew.

Shak.

Winter's drizzled snow.

Shak.

Drizzled

DRIZ'ZLED, participle passive Shed or thrown down in small drops or particles.

Drizzling

DRIZ'ZLING, participle of the present tense Falling in fine drops or particles; shedding in small drops or particles.

Drizzling

DRIZ'ZLING, noun The falling of rain or snow in small drops.

Drizzly

DRIZ'ZLY, adjective Shedding small rain, or small particles of snow.

The winter's drizzly reign.

Dryden.

Drogman

DROGMAN, [See Dragoman.]

Droil

DROIL, verb intransitive [Dutch druilen, to mope.] To work sluggishly or slowly; to plod. [Not much used.]

Spenser.

Droil

DROIL, noun A mope; a drone; a sluggard; a drudge. [Little used.]

Droll

DROLL, adjective [French drole; German drollig; Dutch id.; Swedish troll, a satyr; trolla, to use magic arts, to enchant. Qu. its alliance to roll, troll.]

Odd; merry; facetious; comical; as a droll fellow.

Droll

DROLL, noun One whose occupation or practice is to raise mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a buffoon.

Prior.

2. A farce; something exhibited to raise mirth or sport.

Swift.

Droll

DROLL, verb intransitive To jest; to play the buffoon.

South.

Droll

DROLL, verb transitive To cheat.

L'Estrange.

Droller

DROLLER, noun A jester; a buffon.

Glanville.

Drollery

DROLLERY, noun Sportive tricks; buffoonery; comical stories; gestures, manners or tales adapted to raise mirth.

2. A puppet-show.

Shak.

Drolling

DROLLING, noun Low wit; buffoonery.

Drollingly

DROLLINGLY, adverb In a jesting manner.

Drollish

DROLLISH, adjective Somewhat droll.

Dromedary

DROM'EDARY, noun [French dromadaire; Spanish dromedario; Portugese Italian id.; Irish droman; Greek; perhaps from swiftness, running, Greek,. This explanation supposes the word to be of Greek origin.]

A species of camel, called also the Arabian camel, with one bunch or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two bunches. It has four callous protuberances on the fore legs, and two on the hind ones. It is a common beast of burden in Egypt, Syria, and the neighboring countries.

Encyc.

Drone

DRONE, noun [Saxon drane, droen; German drohne, whence drÃƒ-¶hen, to tinkle, to shake, to tingle. See Arabic No. 4. and 7. Class Rn.]

1. The male of the honey bee. It is smaller than the queen been, but larger than the working bee. The drones make no honey, but after living a few weeks, they are killed or driven from the hive.

Encyc.

Hence,

2. An idler; a sluggard; one who earns nothing by industry.

Addison.

3. A humming or low sound, or the instrument of humming.

Milton.

4. The largest tube of the bag-pipe, which emits a continued deep note.

Drone

DRONE, verb intransitive To live in idleness; as a droning king.

Dryden.

2. To give a low, heavy, dull sound; as the cymbal's droning sound.

Dryden.

Drone-Fly

DRO'NE-FLY, noun A two-winged insect, resembling the drone-bee.

Encyc.

Droning

DRO'NING, participle of the present tense Living in idleness; giving a dull sound.

Dronish

DRO'NISH, adjective Idle; sluggish; lazy; indolent; inactive; slow.

Rowe.

Droop

DROOP, verb intransitive [Saxon drepan; Icelandic driupa. This word is probably from the root of the Latin torpeo, the letters being transposed; or from the root of drop, Dutch druipen, to drip, drop or droop. Indeed all may be of one family.]

1. To sink or hang down; to lean downwards, as a body that is weak or languishing. Plants droop for want of moisture; the human body droops in old age or infirmity.

2. To languish from grief or other cause.

Sandys.

3. To fail or sink; to decline; as, the courage or the spirits droop.

4. To faint; to grow weak; to be dispirited; as, the soldiers droop from fatigue.

Drooping

DROOP'ING, participle of the present tense Sinking; hanging or leaning downward; declining; languishing; failing.

Drop

DROP, noun [Saxon dropa, a drop; dropian, to drop; Germantropfen; Dutch drop; Swedish droppe;

Danish draabe. Hebrew, Arabic and to drop. Class Rb. No.11. Hebrews id.]

1. A small portion of any fluid in a spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a globule of any fluid which is pendent, as if about to fall; a small portion of water falling in rain; as a drop of water; a drop of blood; a drop of laudanum.

2. A diamond hanging from the ear; an earring; something hanging in the form of a drop.

3. A very small quantity of liquor; as, he had not drank a drop.

4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal before he is executed, and which is suddenly dropped.

Drops

DROPS, noun plu. In medicine, a liquid remedy, the dose of which is regulated by a certain number of drops.

Encyc.

Drop

DROP, v.t. [Saxon dropian; Dutch druipen; German trÃƒ-¤ufen or tropfen; Swedish drypa; Danish drypper; Russian krapayu.]

1. To pour or let fall in small portions or globules, as a fluid; to distill.

The heavens shall drop down dew. Deuteronomy 33.

2. To let fall as any substance; as, to drop the anchor; to drop a stone.

3. To let go; to dismiss; to lay aside; to quit; to leave; to permit to subside; as, to drop an affair; to drop a controversy; to drop a pursuit.

4. To utter slightly, briefly or casually; as, to drop a word in favor of a friend.

5. To insert indirectly, incidentally, or by way of digression; as, to drop a word of instruction in a letter.

6. To lay aside; to dismiss from possession; as, to drop these frail bodies.

7. To leave; as, to drop a letter at the postoffice.

8. To set down and leave; as, the coach dropped a passenger at the inn.

9. To quit; to suffer to cease; as, to drop an acquaintance.

10. To let go; to dismiss from association; as, to drop a companion.

11. To suffer to end or come to nothing; as, to drop a fashion.

12. To bedrop; to speckle; to variegate, as if by sprinkling with drops; as a coat dropped with gold.

Milton.

13. To lower; as, to drop the muzzle of a gun.

Drop

DROP, verb intransitive To distill; to fall in small portions, globules or drops, as a liquid. Water drops from the clouds or from the eaves.

2. To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops.

The heavens dropped at the presence of God. Psalm 68.

3. To fall; to descend suddenly or abruptly.

4. To fall spontaneously; as, ripe fruit drops from a tree.

5. To die, or to die suddenly. We see one friend after another dropping round us. They drop into the grave.

6. To come to an end; to cease; to be neglected and come to nothing; as, the affair dropped.

7. To come unexpectedly; with in or into; as, my old friend dropped in, a moment.

8. To fall short of a mark. [Not usual.]

Often it drops or overshoots.

Collier.

9. To fall lower; as, the point of the spear dropped a little.

10. To be deep in extent.

Her main top-sail drops seventeen yards.

Mar. Dict.

To drop astern, in seamen's language, is to pass or move towards the stern; to move back; or to slacken the velocity of a vessel to let another pass beyond her.

To drop down, in seamen's language, is to sail, row or move down a river, or toward the sea.

Drop-Serene

DROP-SERE'NE, noun [gutta serena.] A disease of the eye; amaurosis, or blindness from a diseased retina.

Milton. Coxe.

Drop-Stone

DROP'-STONE, noun Spar in the shape of drops.

Woodward.

Drop-Wort

DROP'-WORT, noun The name of a plant, the Spiroea filipendula.

The hemlock drop-wort, and the water drop-wort, are species of OEnanthe.

Droplet

DROP'LET, noun A little drop.

Shak.

Dropped

DROP'PED, participle passive Let fall; distilled; laid aside; dismissed; let go; suffered to subside; sprinkled or variegated.

Dropping

DROP'PING, participle of the present tense Falling in globules; distilling; falling; laying aside; dismissing; quitting; suffering to rest or subside; variegating with ornaments like drops.

Dropping

DROP'PING, noun The act of dropping; a distilling; a falling.

2. That which drops.

Dropsical

DROP'SICAL, adjective [See Dropsy.] Diseased with dropsy; hydropical; inclined to the dropsy; applied to persons.

2. Partaking of the nature of the dropsy; applied to disease.

Dropsied

DROP'SIED, adjective Diseased with dropsy.

Shak.

Dropsy

DROP'SY, noun [Latin hydrops; Greek, from, water, and, the face. Formerly written hydropisy; whence by contraction, dropsy.]

In medicine, an unnatural collection of water, in any part of the body, proceeding from a greater effusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than the absorbents take up. It occurs most frequently in persons of lax habits, or in bodies debilitated by disease. The dropsy takes different names, according to the part affected; as ascites, or dropsy of the abdomen; hydrocephalus, or water in the head; anasarca, or a watery swelling over the whole body; &c.

Encyc.

Dross

DROSS, noun [Saxon dros; Dutch droes, German druse, strangles, glanders; Dutch droessem, German drusen, dregs; perhaps from rejecting or throwing off.]

1. The recrement or despumation of metals; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown off in the process of melting.

2. Rust; crust of metals; an incrustation formed on metals by oxydation.

Addison.

3. Waste matter; refuse; any worthless matter separated from the better part; impure matter.

The world's glory is but dross unclean.

Spenser.

Drossiness

DROSS'INESS, noun Foulness; rust; impurity; a state of being drossy.

Boyle.

Drossy

DROSS'Y, adjective Like dross; pertaining to dross.

2. Full of dross; abounding with scorious or recrementitious matter; as drossy gold.

3. Worthless; foul; impure.

Donne.

Drotchel

DROTCH'EL, noun An idle wench; a sluggard. [Not in use.]

Drought

DROUGHT. [See Drouth.]

Droughtiness

DROUGHT'INESS, noun Drouthiness.

Droughty

DROUGHT'Y, adjective Drouthy.

Droumy

DROUM'Y, adjective Troubled; dirty. Obs. Bacon. Chaucer has drovy.

Drouth

DROUTH, noun [contracted from Saxon drugothe, Dutch droogte, from drigan or drygan, to dry. See Dry. This is usually written drought, after the Belgic dialect; but improperly. The word generally used is now, as it was written by Bacon, drouth or drowth; its regular termination is th.]

1. Dryness; want of rain or of water; particularly, dryness of the weather, which affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants; aridness; aridity.

Temple. Bacon.

2. Dryness of the throat and mouth; thirst; want of drink.

Milton.

Drouthiness

DROUTH'INESS, noun A state of dryness of the weather; want of rain.

Drouthy

DROUTH'Y, adjective Dry, as the weather: arid; wanting rain.

2. Thirsty; dry; wanting drink.

Drove

DROVE, preterit tense of drive.

Drove

DROVE, noun [Saxon draf; from drive.] A collection of cattle driven; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep or swine, driven in a body. We speak of a herd of cattle, and a flock of sheep, when a number is collected; but properly a drove is a herd or flock driven. It is applicable to any species of brutes. Hence,

2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward; as a finny drove.

Milton.

3. A crowd of people in motion.

Where droves, as at a city gate, may pass.

Dryden.

4. A road for driving cattle. [English.]

Drover

DRO'VER, noun One who drives cattle or sheep to market. Usually in New England, a man who makes it his business to purchase fat cattle and drive them to market.

2. A boat driven by the tide.

Spenser.

Drown

DROWN, verb transitive [Danish drugner; Swedish dr?nckia; Saxon adrencan, to drown, to drench; from the root of drench and drink.]

1. Literally, to overwhelm in water; and appropriately, to extinguish life by immersion in water or other fluid; applied to animals; also, to suspend animation by submersion.

2. To overwhelm in water; as, to drown weeds.

3. To overflow; to deluge; to inundate; as, to drown land.

4. To immerse; to plunge and lose; to overwhelm; as, to drown one's self in sensual pleasure.

5. To overwhelm; to overpower.

My private voice is drowned amid the senate.

Addison.

Drown

DROWN, verb intransitive To be suffocated in water or other fluid; to perish in water.

Methought what pain it was to drown.

Shak.

Drowned

DROWN'ED, participle passive Deprived of life by immersion in a fluid; overflowed; inundated; overwhelmed.

Drowner

DROWN'ER, noun He or that which drowns.

Drowning

DROWN'ING, participle of the present tense Destroying life by submersion in a liquid; overflowing; overwhelming.

Drowse

DROWSE, v. i. drowz. [Old Belgic, droosen.]

1. To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with sleepiness.

Milton.

2. To look heavy; to be heavy or dull.

Drowse

DROWSE, verb transitive To make heavy with sleep: to make dull or stupid.

Milton.

Drowsihed

DROW'SIHED, noun Sleepiness. Obs.

Spenser.

Drowsily

DROW'SILY, adverb Sleepily; heavily; in a dull sleepy manner.

Dryden.

2. Sluggishly; idly; slothfully; lazily.

Raleigh.

Drowsiness

DROW'SINESS, noun Sleepiness; heaviness with sleep; disposition to sleep.

Milton. Locke.

2. Sluggishness; sloth; idleness; inactivity.

Bacon.

Drowsy

DROW'SY, adjective Inclined to sleep; sleepy; heavy with sleepiness; lethargic; comatose.

Bacon. Dryden.

2. Dull; sluggish; stupid.

Atterbury.

3. Disposing to sleep; lulling; as a drowsy couch.

Drowsy-Headed

DROW'SY-HEADED, adjective Heavy; having a sluggish disposition.

Fotherby.

Drub

DRUB, verb transitive [Swedish drabba, to touch, hit, beat; tr?ffa, to hit, touch, reach, find; Danish droeber, to kill; treffer, to hit; German, Dutch treffen; Greek, to beat; Saxon tribulan, trifelan; Italian trebbiare; Latin tribula. These words seem to be from the same root as the French trouver, to find, that is, to hit, to strike on, and attraper and frapper, to rap. But perhaps there may be two different roots. See Class Rb. No. 4. 28. 29. 37. 39. Drubbing is a particular form of driving.]

To beat with a stick; to thrash; to cudgel.

The little thief had been soundly drubbed with a cudgel.

L'Estrange.

Drub

DRUB, noun A blow with a stick or cudgel; a thump; a knock.

Addison.

Drubbed

DRUB'BED, participle passive Beat with a cudgel; beat soundly.

Drubbing

DRUB'BING, participle of the present tense Beating with a cudgel; beating soundly.

Drubbing

DRUB'BING, noun A cudgeling; a sound beating.

Drudge

DRUDGE, v. i. druj. [Scot. drug, to drag, to tug, to pull with force; whence druggare, drudging; Icelandic droogur, a drawer or carrier; Irish drugaire, a drudge or slave. This seems to be a dialectical form of drag, draw.]

To work hard; to labor in mean offices; to labor with toil and fatigue.

In merriment did drudge and labor.

Hudibras.

Drudge

DRUDGE, noun One who works hard, or labors with toil and fatigue; one who labors hard in servile employments; a slave.

Milton.

Drudger

DRUDG'ER, noun A drudge.

2. A drudging-box. [See Dredging-box.]

Drudgery

DRUDG'ERY, noun Hard labor; toilsome work; ignoble toil; hard work in servile occupations.

Paradise was a place of blissÃ‚--without drudgery or sorrow.

Locke.

Drudging

DRUDG'ING, participle of the present tense Laboring hard; toiling.

Drudging-Box

DRUDG'ING-BOX. [See Dredging-box.]

Drudgingly

DRUDG'INGLY, adverb With labor and fatigue; laboriously.

Drug

DRUG, noun [French drogue; Armoric droguerezou; Spanish Portugese Italian droga. In Dutch, droogery is a drug and a drying place, so that drug is a dry substance, and from the root of dry. Junius supposes it to have signified, originally, spices or aromatic plants. See the verb, to dry.]

1. The general name of substances used in medicine, sold by the druggist, and compounded by apothecaries and physicians; any substance, vegetable, animal or mineral, which is used in the composition or preparation of medicines. It is also applied to dyeing materials.

2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand in market.

3. A mortal drug, or a deadly drug, is poison.

4. A drudge. [Scot. drug.]

Shak.

Drug

DRUG, verb intransitive To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.

B. Jonson.

Drug

DRUG, verb transitive To season with drugs or ingredients.

Shak.

2. To tincture with something offensive.

Milton.

Drugger

DRUG'GER, noun A druggist. [Not used.]

Burton.

Drugget

DRUG'GET, noun [French droguet; Spanish droguete; Italian droghetto.]

A cloth or thin stuff of wool, or of wool and thread, corded or plain, usually plain.

Encyc.

Druggist

DRUG'GIST, noun [French droguiste; Spanish droguero; Italian droghiere; from drug.]

One who deals in drugs; properly, one whose occupation is merely to buy and sell drugs, without compounding or preparation. In America, the same person often carries on the business of the druggist and the apothecary.

Drugster

DRUG'STER, noun A druggist. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Druid

DRU'ID, noun [Irish draoi, formerly drui, a magician, a druid; plu. draoithe; Saxon dry, a magician: Welsh derwyz, [derwyth,] which Owen supposes to be a compound of der, derw, an oak, and gwyz, knowledge, presence. The Welsh derivation accords with that of Pliny, who supposes the druids were so called, because they frequented or instructed in the forest, or sacrificed under an oak. But some uncertainty rests on this subject.]

A priest or minister of religion, among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain and Germany. The Druids possessed some knowledge of geometry, natural philosophy, &c., superintended the affairs of religion and morality, and performed the office of judges.

Owen. Encyc.

Druidic

DRUID'IC, or DRUID'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Druids.

Druidism

DRU'IDISM, noun The system of religion, philosophy and instruction taught by the Druids, or their doctrines, rites and ceremonies.

Whitaker. Christ. Observer.

Drum

DRUM, noun [Dutch trom, trommel; German trommel; Swedish trumma; Danish tromme; Irish druma; probably from its sound, and the root of rumble, Greek, Latin fremo. See Class Rm. No. 10. 11.]

1. A martial instrument of music, in form of a hollow cylinder, and covered at the ends with vellum, which is stretched or slackened at pleasure.

2. In machinery, a short cylinder revolving on an axis, generally for the purpose of turning several small wheels, by means of straps passing round its periphery.

Cyc.

3. The drum of the ear, the tympanum, or barrel of the ear; the hollow part of the ear, behind the membrane of the tympanum. The latter is a tense membrane, which closes the external passage of the ear, and receives the vibrations of the air.

Hooper.

Drum

DRUM, verb intransitive To beat a drum with sticks; to beat or play a tune on a drum.

2. To beat with the fingers, as with drumsticks; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes; as, to drum on the table.

3. To beat as the heart.

Dryden.

Drum

DRUM, verb transitive To expel with beat of drum.

Military phrase.

Drumble

DRUM'BLE, verb intransitive To drone; to be sluggish. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Drum-Fish

DRUM'-FISH, noun A fish, found on the coast of N. America.

Drumly

DRUM'LY, adjective [Welsh trom, heavy.] Thick; stagnant; muddy. [Not in use.]

Drum-Major

DRUM-MAJOR, noun The chief or first drummer of a regiment.

Drum-Maker

DRUM'-MAKER, noun One who makes drums.

Drummer

DRUM'MER, noun One whose office is to beat the drum, in military exercises and marching; one who drums.

Drum-Stick

DRUM'-STICK, noun The stick with which a drum is beaten, or shaped for the purpose of beating a drum.

Drunk

DRUNK, adjective [from drunken. See Drink.]

1. Intoxicated; inebriated; overwhelmed or overpowered by spirituous liquor; stupified or inflamed by the action of spirit on the stomach and brain. It is brutish to be drunk.

Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess.

St. Paul.

2. Drenched, or saturated with moisture or liquor.

I will make my arrows drunk with blood. Deuteronomy 32.

[Note. Drunk was formerly used as the participle of drink; as, he had drunk wine. But in modern usage; drank has taken its place; and drunk is now used chiefly as an adjective.]

Drunkard

DRUNK'ARD, noun One given to ebriety or an excessive use of strong liquor; a person who habitually or frequently is drunk.

A drunkard and a glutton shall come to poverty. Proverbs 23.

Drunken

DRUNK'EN, a. drunk'n. [participle of drink, but now used chiefly as an adjective, and often contracted to drunk.]

1. Intoxicated; inebriated with strong liquor.

2. Given to drunkenness; as a drunken butler.

3. Saturated with liquor or moisture; drenched.

Let the earth be drunken with our blood.

Shak.

4. Proceeding from intoxication; done in a state of drunkenness; as a drunken quarrel.

Swift.

A drunken slaughter.

Shak.

Drunkenly

DRUNK'ENLY, adverb In a drunken manner. [Little used.]

Shak.

Drunkenness

DRUNK'ENNESS, noun Intoxication; inebriation; a state in which a person is overwhelmed or overpowered with spirituous liquors, so that his reason is; disordered, and he reels or staggers in walking. Drunkenness renders some persons stupid, others gay, others sullen, others furious.

Let us walk honestly as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness.

St. Paul.

2. Habitual ebriety or intoxication.

Watts.

3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxication by liquors; inflammation; frenzy; rage.

Passion is the drunkenness of the mind.

Spenser.

Drupe

DRUPE, noun [Latin drupoe, Greek, olives ready to fall; Greek, a tree, and, to fall.]

In botany, a pulpy pericarp or fruit without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel; as the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, almond, olive, &c.

Martyn.

Drupaceous

DRUPA'CEOUS, adjective Producing drupes; as drupaceous trees.

2. Pertaining to drupes; or consisting of drupes; as drupaceous fruit; drupaceous follicles.

Asiat. Researches.

Druse

DRUSE, noun [German druse, a gland, glanders.] Among miners, a cavity in a rock having its interior surface studded with crystals, or filled with water.

Drusy

DRU'SY, a. s as z. Abounding with very minute crystals; as a drusy surface.

Kirwan.

Dry

DRY, adjective [Saxon dri, drig, or drug; Dutch droog; German trocken. See the Verb.]

1. Destitute of moisture; free from water or wetness; arid; not moist; as dry land; dry clothes.

2. Not rainy; free from rain or mist; as dry weather; a dry March or April.

3. Not juicy; free from juice, sap or aqueous matter; not green; as dry wood; dry stubble; dry hay; dry leaves.

4. Without tears; as dry eyes; dry mourning.

Dryden.

5. Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry.

6. Thirsty; craving drink.

7. Barren; jejune; plain; unembellished; destitute of pathos, or of that which amuses and interests; as a dry style; a dry subject; a dry discussion.

8. Severe; sarcastic; wiping as a dry remark or repartee; a dry rub.

Goodman.

9. Severe; wiping; as a dry blow; a dry basting. See the Verb, which signifies properly to wipe, rub, scour.

Bacon.

10. Dry goods, in commerce, cloths, stuffs, silks, laces, ribins, &c., in distinction from groceries.

Dry

DRY, verb transitive [Saxon drigan, adrigan, or drygan, adrugan, gedrigan; Dutch droogen; German trocknen, to dry, to wipe; Greek; Latin tergo, tergo; French torcher; Swedish torcka. The German has also dÃƒ-¼rr, Swedish torr, Danish tÃƒ-¶r, but these seem to be connected with Latin torreo, Russian obterayu or oterayu. Class Dr. Whether drigan and dry are derivatives of that root, or belong to Class Rg, the root of rake, is not certain. See Dry, Class Rg. The primary sense is to wipe, rub, scour.]

1. To free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; originally by wiping, as to dry the eyes; to exeiccate.

2. To deprive of moisture by evaporation or exhalation; as, the sun dries a cloth; wind dries the earth.

3. To deprive of moisture by exposure to the sun or open air. We dry cloth in the sun.

4. To deprive of natural juice, sap or greenness; as, to dry hay or plants.

5. To scorch or parch with thirst; with up.

Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. Isaiah 5.

6. To deprive of water by draining; to drain; to exhaust; as, to dry a meadow.

To dry up, to deprive wholly of water.

Dry

DRY, verb intransitive To grow dry; to lose moisture; to become free from moisture or juice. The road dries fast in a clear windy day. Hay will dry sufficiently in two days.

2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; sometimes with up; as, the stream dries or dries up.

Dryad

DRY'AD, noun [Latin dryades, plu. from Greek, a tree.]

In mythology, a deity or nymph of the woods; a nymph supposed to preside over woods.

Dryed

DRY'ED, participle passive of dry. [See Dried.]

Dryer

DRY'ER, noun He or that which dries; that which exhausts of moisture or greenness.

Dryeyed

DRY'EYED, adjective Not having tears in the eyes.

Dryfat

DRY'FAT, noun A dry vat or basket.

Dryfoot

DRY'FOOT, noun A dog that pursues game by the scent of the foot.

Shak.

Drying

DRY'ING, noun The act or process of depriving of moisture or greenness.

Dryite

DRY'ITE, noun [Greek, an oak.] Fragments of petrified or fossil wood in which the structure of the wood is recognized.

Dict.

Dryly

DRY'LY, adverb Without moisture.

2. Coldly; frigidly; without affection.

Bacon.

3. Severely; sarcastically.

4. Barrenly; without embellishment; without any thing to enliven, enrich or entertain.

Pope.

Dryness

DRY'NESS, noun Destitution of moisture; want of water or other fluid; siccity; aridity; aridness; as the dryness of a soil; dryness of the road.

2. Want of rain; as dryness of weather.

3. Want of juice or succulence; as dryness of the bones or fibers.

Arbuthnot.

4. Want of succulence or greenness; as the dryness of hay or corn.

5. Barrenness; jejuneness; want of ornament or pathos; want of that which enlivens and entertains; as the dryness of style or expression; the dryness of a subject.

6. Want of feeling or sensibility in devotion; want of ardor; as dryness of spirit.

Taylor.

Drynurse

DRY'NURSE, noun A nurse who attends and feeds a child without the breast.

2. One who attends another in sickness.

Drynurse

DRY'NURSE, verb transitive To feed, attend and bring up without the breast.

Hudibras.

Dryrub

DRY'RUB, verb transitive To rub and cleanse without wetting.

Dodsley's Poems.

Drysalter

DRYSALT'ER, noun A dealer in salted or dry meats, pickles, sauces, &c.

Fordyce.

Dryshod

DRY'SHOD, adjective Without wetting the feet. Isaiah 11:15.

Dual

DU'AL, adjective [Latin dualis, from duo, two.] Expressing the number two; as the dual number in Greek.

Dualistic

DUALIS'TIC, adjective Consisting of two. The dualistic system of Anaxagoras and Plato taught that there are two principles in nature, one active, the other passive.

Enfield.

Duality

DUAL'ITY, noun That which expresses two in number.

Hales.

2. Division; separation.

Davies.

3. The state or quality of being two.

Haley.

Dub

DUB, verb transitive [Saxon dubban; coinciding with Greek, and tap. Class Db.] Literally, to strike. Hence,

1. To strike a blow with a sword, and make a knight.

Se cyngÃ‚--dubbade his sunu Henric to ridere.

The King dubbed his son Henry a knight.

Saxon Chron An. 1085.

2. To confer any dignity or new character.

A man of wealth is dubb'd a man of worth.

Pope.

Dub

DUB, verb intransitive To make a quick noise.

Beaum.

Dub

DUB, noun A blow. [Little used.]

Hudibras.

2. In Irish, a puddle.

Dubbed

DUB'BED, participle passive Struck; made a knight.

Dubbing

DUB'BING, participle of the present tense Striking; making a knight.

Dubiety

DUBI'ETY, noun [See Doubt.] Doubtfulness. [Little used.]

Richardson.

Dubious

DU'BIOUS, adjective [Latin dubius. See Doubt. The primary sense is probably to turn or to waver.]

1. Doubtful; wavering or fluctuating in opinion; not settled; not determined; as, the mind is in a dubious state.

2. Uncertain; that of which the truth is not ascertained or known; as a dubious question.

3. Not clear; not plain; as dubious light.

Milton.

4. Of uncertain event or issue.

In dubious battle.

Milton.

Dubiously

DU'BIOUSLY, adverb Doubtfully; uncertainly; without any determination.

Swift.

Dubiousness

DU'BIOUSNESS, noun Doubtfulness; a state of wavering and indecision of mind; as, he speaks with dubiousness.

2. Uncertainty; as the dubiousness of the question.

Dubitable

DU'BITABLE, adjective [Latin dubito. See Doubt.] Doubtful; uncertain. [Little used.] But the derivative indubitable is often used.

Dubitancy

DU'BITANCY, noun Doubt; uncertainty. [Little used.]

Dubitation

DUBITA'TION, noun [Latin dubitatio, from dubito, to doubt.] The act of doubting; doubt. [Little used.]

Brown. Grew.

Ducal

DU'CAL, adjective [French Spanish Portugese from duke.] Pertaining to a duke; as a ducal coronet.

Johnson.

Ducat

DUCAT, noun [from duke.] A coin of several countries in Europe, struck in the dominions of a duke. It is of silver or gold. The silver ducat is generally of the value of four shillings and sixpence sterling, equal to an American dollar, or to a French crown, and the gold ducat of twice the value.

Encyc.

Ducatoon

DUCATOON', noun [French ducaton; Spanish id; from ducat.]

A silver coin, struck chiefly in Italy, of the value of about four shillings and eight pence sterling, or nearly 104 cents. The gold ducatoon of Holland is worth twenty florins.

Encyc.

Duchess

DUCH'ESS, noun [French duchesse, from duc, duke.]

The consort or widow of a duke. Also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy.

Duchy

DUCH'Y, noun [French duchÃƒ-©.] The territory or dominions of a duke; a dukedom; as the duchy of Lancaster.

Blackstone.

Duchy-Court

DUCH'Y-COURT, noun The court of the duchy of Lancaster in England.

Duck

DUCK, noun [Swedish duk, a cloth; Danish duug; German tuch; Dutch doek; allied perhaps to Latin toga, and to tego, to cover, or texo, to weave.]

A species of coarse cloth or canvas, used for sails, sacking of beds, &c.

Duck

DUCK, noun [from the verb, to duck.] A water fowl, so called from its plunging. There are many species or varieties of the duck, some wild, others tame.

2. An inclination of the head, resembling the motion of a duck in water.

Milton.

3. A stone thrown obliquely on the water, so as to rebound; as in duck and drake.

Johnson.

Duck

DUCK, noun [Danish dukke, a baby or puppet.] A word of endearment or fondness.

Shak.

Duck

DUCK, verb transitive [German ducken, and tauchen; Dutch duiken, pret. dook, to stoop, dive, plunge. Qu. Saxon theachan, to wash, and its alliance to tingo and dye. Class Dg.]

1. To dip or plunge in water and suddenly withdraw; as, to duck a seaman. It differs from dive, which signifies to plunge one's self, without immediately emerging.

2. To plunge the head in water and immediately withdraw it; as, duck the boy.

3. To bow, stoop or nod.

Duck

DUCK, verb intransitive To plunge into water and immediately withdraw; to dip; to plunge the head in water or other liquid.

In Tiber ducking thrice by break of day.

Dryden.

2. To drop the head suddenly; to bow; to cringe.

Duck with French nods.

Shak.

Ducked

DUCK'ED, participle passive Plunged; dipped in water.

Ducker

DUCK'ER, noun A plunger; a diver; a cringer.

Ducking

DUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Plunging; thrusting suddenly into water and withdrawing; dipping.

Ducking

DUCK'ING, noun The act of plunging or putting in water and withdrawing. Ducking is a punishment of offenders in France, and among English seamen, it is a penalty to which sailors are subject on passing, for the first time, the equator or tropic.

Ducking-Stool

DUCK'ING-STOOL, noun A stool or chair in which common scolds were formerly tied and plunged into water.

Blackstone.

Duck-Legged

DUCK'-LEGGED, adjective Having short legs, like a duck.

Dryden.

Duckling

DUCK'LING, noun A young duck.

Ray.

Duck-Meat

DUCK'-MEAT, or DUCK'S-MEAT, noun A plant, the Lemna, growing in ditches and shallow water, and serving for food for ducks and geese.

Encyc.

The starry duck's-meat is the Callitriche.

Fam. of Plants.

Duckoy

DUCKOY. [See Decoy.]

Ducks-Foot

DUCK'S-FOOT, noun A plant, the Podophyllum; called also May-apple.

Fam. of Plants.

Duck-Weed

DUCK'-WEED, noun The same as duck-meat.

Duct

DUCT, noun [Latin ductus, from duco, to lead. See Duke.]

1. Any tube or canal by which a fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed. It is particularly used to denote the vessels of an animal body, by which the blood, chyle, lymph, &c., are carried from one part to another, and the vessels of plants in which the sap is conveyed.

2. Guidance; direction. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Ductile

DUC'TILE, adjective [Latin ductilis, from duco, to lead.]

1. That may be led; easy to be led or drawn; tractable; complying; obsequious; yielding to motives, persuasion or instruction; as the ductile minds of youth; a ductile people.

Philips. Addison.

2. Flexible; pliable.

The ductile rind and leaves of radiant gold.

Dryden.

3. That may be drawn out into wire or threads. Gold is the most ductile of the metals.

4. That may be extended by beating.

Ductileness

DUCTILENESS, noun The quality of suffering extension by drawing or percussion; ductility.

Donne.

Ductility

DUCTIL'ITY, noun The property of solid bodies, particularly metals, which renders them capable of being extended by drawing without breaking; as the ductility of gold, iron or brass.

2. Flexibility; obsequiousness; a disposition of mind that easily yields to motives or influence; ready compliance.

Roscoe.

Ducture

DUC'TURE, noun [Latin duco.] Guidence. [Not in use.]

South.

Dudgeon

DUDG'EON, noun [German degen.] A small dagger.

Hudibras.

Dudgeon

DUDG'EON, noun [Welsh dygen.] Anger; resentment; malice; ill will; discord.

L'Estrange. Hudibras.

Duds

DUDS, noun [Scot. dud, a rag; duds, clothes, or old worn clothes.]

Old clothes; tattered garments. [A vulgar word.]

Due

DUE, a. du. [French dÃƒ-», pp. of devoir, Latin debeo,

Spanish deber, Italian dovere. Qu. Greek, to bind. Class Db. It has no connection with owe.]

1. Owed; that ought to be paid or done to another. That is due from me to another which contract, justice or propriety requires me to pay, and which he may justly claim as his right. Reverence is due to the creator; civility is due from one man to another. Money is due at the expiration of the credit given, or at the period promised.

2. Proper; fit; appropriate; suitable; becoming; required by the circumstances; as, the event was celebrated with due solemnities. Men seldom have a due sense of their depravity.

3. Seasonable; as, he will come in due time.

4. Exact; proper; as, the musicians keep due time.

5. Owing to; occasioned by. [Little used.]

Boyle.

6. That ought to have arrived, or to be present, before the time specified; as, two mails are now due.

Due

DUE, adverb Directly; exactly; as a due east course.

Due

DUE, noun That which is owed; that which one contracts to pay, do or perform to another; that which law or justice requires to be paid or done. The money that I contract to pay to another is his due; the service which I covenant to perform to another is his due; reverence to the creator is his due.

2. That which office, rank, station, social relations, or established rules of right or decorum, require to be given, paid or done. Respect and obedience to parents and magistrates are their due.

3. That which law or custom requires; as toll, tribute, fees of office, or other legal perquisites.

Addison.

4. Right; just title.

The key of this infernal pit by dueÃ‚--

I keep.

Milton.

Due

DUE, verb transitive To pay as due. [Not used.]

Shak.

Duel

DU'EL, noun [Latin duellum; French duel; Italian duello; Portugese id.; Spanish duelo. In Armoric, the word is dufell, or duvell, and Gregoire supposes the word to be compounded of dou, two, and bell, bellum, war, combat. So in Dutch, tweegevegt, two-fight; in German zweikampf, id.]

1. Single combat; a premeditated combat between two persons, for the purpose of deciding some private difference or quarrel. A sudden fight, not premeditated, is called a rencounter. A duel is fought with deadly weapons and with a purpose to take life.

2. Any contention or contest.

Milton.

Duel

DU'EL, verb intransitive To fight in a single combat.

South.

Duel

DU'EL, verb transitive To attack or fight singly.

Milton.

Dueler

DU'ELER, noun A combatant in single fight.

Dueling

DU'ELING, participle of the present tense Fighting in single combat.

Dueling

DU'ELING, noun The act or practice of fighting in single combat.

Duelist

DU'ELIST, noun One who fights in single combat.

Dryden.

The duelist values his honor above the life of his antagonist, his own life, and the happiness of his family.

2. One who professes to study the rules of honor.

Duello

DUEL'LO, noun Duel; or rule of dueling. [Not used.]

Shak.

Dueness

DU'ENESS, n. du'ness. [See Due.] Fitness; propriety; due quality.

Duenna

DUEN'NA, noun [Spanish dueÃƒ-±a, fem. of dueÃƒ-±o; French duegne; the same as dona, the feminine of don. Qu. Welsh dyn, Irish duine, man, a person. See Don.]

An old woman who is kept to guard a younger; a governess.

Arbuthnot.

Duet

DUET', or DUET'TO, noun [Ital. duetto, from duo, two.] A song or air in two parts.

Dug

DUG, noun [Icelandic deggia. This word corresponds with the root of Latin digitus, toe, Norm. doy, a finger, signifying a shoot or point.]

The pap or nipple of a cow or other beast. It is applied to a human female in contempt, but seems to have been used formerly of the human breast without reproach.

From tender dug of common nurse.

Spenser.

Dug

DUG, preterit tense and participle passive of dig; as, they dug a ditch; a ditch was dug.

Duke

DUKE, noun [French duc; Spanish Portugese duque; Italian duca; Armoric dug or doug; Saxon teoche, and in composition, toga, toge, as in heretoga, an army leader, a general; Dutch hertog; German herzog; Danish hertug; Swedish hertig; Venetian, doge; Latin dux, from duco, to lead, as in Saxon, tiogan, teon, to draw, to tug; Greek; Thessalian, tagus. Class Dg. No. 5. 14:]

1. In Great Britain, one of the highest order of nobility; a title of honor or nobility next below the princes; as the Duke of Bedford or of Cornwall.

3. In some countries on the Continent, a sovereign prince, without the title of king; as the Duke of Holstein, of Savoy, of Parma, &c.

2. A chief; a prince; as the dukes of Edom. Genesis 32.

Dukedom

DU'KEDOM, noun The seignory or possessions of a duke; the territory of a duke.

Shak.

2. The title or quality of a duke.

Ibid.

Dulbrained

DUL'BRAINED, adjective [dull and brain.] Stupid; doltish; of dull intellects. [See Dullbrained.]

Shak.

Dulcet

DUL'CET, adjective [Latin dulcis, sweet.] Sweet to the taste; luscious.

She tempers dulcet creams.

Milton.

2. Sweet to the ear; melodious; harmonious; as dulcet sounds; dulcet symphonies.

Milton.

Dulcification

DULCIFICA'TION, noun [See Dulcify.] The act of sweetening; the act of freeing from acidity, saltness or acrimony.

Boyle.

Dulcified

DUL'CIFIED, participle passive Sweetened; purified from salts.

Dulcified spirits, a term formerly applied to the different ethers; as dulcified spirits of niter and vitriol, nitric and sulphuric ethers.

Dispensatory.

Dulcify

DULCIFY, verb transitive [French dulcifier, from Latin dulcis, sweet, and facio, to make.]

To sweeten; to free from acidity, saltness or acrimony.

Wiseman.

Dulcimer

DUL'CIMER, noun [Italian dolcimello, from dolce, sweet. Skinner.]

An instrument of music played by striking brass wires with little sticks. Daniel iii. 5.

Johnson.

Dulciness

DUL'CINESS, noun [Latin dulcis.] Softness; easiness of temper. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Dulcorate

DUL'CORATE, verb transitive [Latin dulcis, sweet; Low Latin dulco, to sweeten.] To sweeten.

Bacon.

2. To make less acrimonious.

Johnson. Wiseman.

Dulcoration

DULCORA'TION, noun The act of sweetening.

Bacon.

Dulia

DU'LIA, noun [Greek, service.] An inferior kind of worship or adoration. [Not an English word.]

Stillingfleet.

Dull

DULL, adjective [Welsh dol, dwl; Saxon dol, a wandering; also dull, foolish, stupid; Dutch dol, mad; German toll, and tÃƒ-¶lpel, a dolt; Saxon dwolian, to wander, to rave. Qu. Danish dvoeler to loiter; Swedish dv?lias, id., or dvala, a trance.]

1. Stupid; doltish; blockish; slow of understanding; as a lad of dull genius.

2. Heavy; sluggish; without life or spirit; as, a surfeit leaves a man very dull.

3. Slow of motion; sluggish; as a dull stream.

4. Slow of hearing or seeing; as dull of hearing; dull of seeing.

5. Slow to learn or comprehend; unready; awkward; as a dull scholar.

6. Sleepy; drowsy.

7. Sad; melancholy.

8. Gross; cloggy; insensible; as the dull earth.

9. Not pleasing or delightful; not exhilarating; cheerless; as, to make dictionaries is dull work.

Johnson.

10. Not bright or clear; clouded; tarnished; as, the mirror is dull.

11. Not bright; not briskly burning; as a dull fire.

12. Dim; obscure; not vivid; as a dull light.

13. Blunt; obtuse; having a thick edge; as a dull knife or ax.

13. Cloudy; overcast; not clear; not enlivening; as dull weather.

15. With seamen, being without wind; as, a ship has a dull time.

16. Not lively or animated; as a dull eye.

Dull

DULL, verb transitive To make dull; to stupify; as, to dull the senses.

Shak.

2. To blunt; as, to dull a sword or an ax.

3. To make sad or melancholy.

4. To hebetate; to make insensible or slow to perceive; as, to dull the ears; to dull the wits.

Spenser. Ascham.

5. To damp; to render lifeless; as, to dull the attention.

Hooker.

6. To make heavy or slow of motion; as, to dull industry.

Bacon.

7. To sully; to tarnish or cloud; as, the breath dulls a mirror.

Dull

DULL, verb intransitive To become dull or blunt; to become stupid.

Dull-Brained

DULL'-BRAINED, adjective Stupid; of dull intellect.

Dull-Browed

DULL'-BROWED, adjective Having a gloomy look.

Quarles.

Dull-Disposed

DULL-DISPO'SED, adjective Inclined to dullness or sadness.

B. Jonson.

Dull-Eyed

DULL'-EYED, adjective Having a downcast look.

Shak.

Dull-Head

DULL'-HEAD, noun A person of dull understanding; a dolt; a blockhead.

Dull-Sighted

DULL'-SIGHTED, adjective Having imperfect sight; purblind.

Dull-Witted

DULL'-WITTED, adjective Having a dull intellect; heavy.

Dullard

DULL'ARD, adjective Doltish; stupid.

Hall.

Dullard

DULL'ARD, noun A stupid person; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce.

Shak.

Dulled

DULL'ED, participle passive Made dull; blunted.

Duller

DULL'ER, noun That which makes dull.

Dulling

DULL'ING, participle of the present tense Making dull.

Dullness

DULL'NESS, noun Stupidity; slowness of comprehension; weakness of intellect; indocility; as the dullness of a student.

South.

2. Want of quick perception or eager desire.

3. Heaviness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

4. Heaviness; disinclination to motion.

5. Sluggishness; slowness.

6. Dimness; want of clearness or luster.

7. Bluntness; want of edge.

8. Want of brightness or vividness; as dullness of color.

Dully

DUL'LY, adverb Stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or spirit.

Duly

DU'LY, adverb [from due.] Properly; fitly; in a suitable or becoming manner; as, let the subject be duly considered.

2. Regularly; at the proper time; as, a man duly attended church with his family.

Dumb

DUMB, a. dum. [Saxon dumb; Gothic dumbs, dumba; German dumm; Dutch dom; Swedish dumm or dumbe; Danish dum; Hebrew Chaldee, to be silent; Arabic to continue or be permanent, to appease, to quiet. Class Dm. No. 3. In this word, b is improperly added.]

1. Mute; silent; not speaking.

I was dumb with silence; I held my peace. Psalm 39.

2. Destitute of the power of speech; unable to utter articulate sounds; as the dumb brutes. The asylum at Hartford in Connecticut was the first institution in America for teaching the deaf and dumb to read and write.

3. Mute; not using or accompanied with speech; as a dumb show; dumb signs.

To strike dumb, is to confound; to astonish; to render silent by astonishment; or it may be, to deprive of the power of speech.

Dumb

DUMB, verb transitive To silence.

Shak.

Dumbly

DUMB'LY, adv. dum'ly. Mutely; silently; without words or speech.

Dumbness

DUMB'NESS, n. dum'ness. Muteness; silence or holding the peace; omission of speech. This is voluntary dumbness.

2. Incapacity to speak; inability to articulate sounds. This is involuntary dumbness.

Dumfound

DUM'FOUND, verb transitive To strike dumb; to confuse. [A low word.]

Spectator.

Dummerer

DUM'MERER, noun One who feigns dumbness. [Not in use.]

Dump

DUMP, noun [from the root of dumb; Dutch dom; German dumm.]

1. A dull gloomy state of the mind; sadness; melancholy; sorrow; heaviness of heart.

In doleful dumps.

Gay.

2. Absence of mind; reverie.

Locke.

3. A melancholy tune or air.

Shak.

[This is not an elegant word, and in America, I believe, is always used in the plural; as, the woman is in the dumps.]

Dumpish

DUMP'ISH, adjective Dull; stupid; sad; melancholy; depressed in spirits; as, he lives a dumpish life.

Dumpishly

DUMP'ISHLY, adverb In a moping manner.

Dumpishness

DUMP'ISHNESS, noun A state of being dull, heavy and moping.

Dumpling

DUMP'LING, noun [from dump.] A kind of pudding or mass of paste in cookery; usually, a cover of paste inclosing an apple and boiled, called apple-dumpling.

Dumpy

DUMP'Y, adjective Short and thick.

Dun

DUN, adjective [Saxon dunn; Welsh dion; Irish donn; qu. tan, tawny. See Class Dn. No. 3.24. 28. 35.]

1. Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy.

2. Dark; gloomy.

In the dun air sublime.

Milton.

Dun

DUN, verb transitive To cure, as fish, in a manner to give them a dun color. [See Dunning.]

Dun

DUN, verb transitive [Saxon dyan, to clamor, to din. See Din. Qu. Greek.]

1. Literally, to clamor for payment of a debt. Hence, to urge for payment; to demand a debt in a pressing manner; to urge for payment with importunity. But in common usage, dun is often used in a milder sense, and signifies to call for, or ask for payment.

2. To urge importunately, in a general sense, but not an elegant word.

Dun

DUN, noun An importunate creditor who urges for payment.

Philips. Arbuthnot.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment in writing; as, he sent his debtor a dun.

3. An eminence or mound. [See Down and Town.]

Dunce

DUNCE, n. duns. [German duns. Qu. Pers. a stupid man.]

A person of weak intellects; a dullard; a dolt; a thickskull.

I never knew this town without dunces of figure.

Swift.

Duncery

DUN'CERY, noun Dullness; stupidity.

Smith.

Duncify

DUN'CIFY, verb transitive To make stupid in intellect. [Not used.]

Warburton.

Dunder

DUN'DER, noun [Spanish redundar, to overflow; Latin redundo.]

Lees; dregs; a word used in Jamaica.

The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Dune

DUNE, noun A hill. [See Down.]

Dun-Fish

DUN'-FISH, noun Codfish cured in a particular manner. [See Dunning.]

Dung

DUNG, noun [Saxon dung, or dincg, or dinig; German dung, dÃƒ-¼nger; Danish dynd; Swedish dynga.] The excrement of animals.

Bacon.

Dung

DUNG, verb transitive To manure with dung.

Dryden.

Dung

DUNG, verb intransitive To void excrement.

Dunged

DUNG'ED, participle passive Manured with dung.

Dungeon

DUN'GEON, noun [French dongeon, or donjon, a tower or platform in the midst of a castle, a turret or closet on the top of a house. In one Armoric dialect it is domjou, and Gregoire suggests that it is compounded of dom, lord or chief, and jou, Jupiter, Jove, an elevated or chief tower consecrated to Jupiter. In Scottish, it is written doungeoun, and denotes the keep or strongest tower of a fortress, or an inner tower surrounded by a ditch. Jamieson. It was used for confining prisoners, and hence its application to prisons of eminent strength.]

1. A close prison; or a deep, dark place of confinement.

And in a dungeon deep.

Spenser.

They brought Joseph hastily out of the dungeon. Genesis 41.

2. A subterraneous place of close confinement.

Jeremiah.

Dungeon

DUN'GEON, verb transitive To confine in a dungeon.

Hall.

Dungfork

DUNG'FORK, noun A fork used to throw dung from a stable or into a cart, or to spread it over land.

Dunghill

DUNG'HILL, noun A heap of dung.

2. A mean or vile abode.

Dryden.

3. Any mean situation or condition.

He lifteth the beggar from the dunghill. 1 Samuel 2.

4. A term of reproach for a man meanly born. [Not used.]

Shak.

Dunghill

DUNG'HILL, adjective Sprung from the dunghill; mean; low; base; vile.

Shak.

Dungy

DUNG'Y, adjective Full of dung; filthy; vile.

Shak.

Dungyard

DUNG'YARD, noun A yard or inclosure where dung is collected.

Mortimer.

Dunlin

DUN'LIN, noun A fowl, a species of sandpiper.

Pennant.

Dunnage

DUN'NAGE, noun Faggots, boughs or loose wood laid on the bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bottom.

Mar. Dict.

Dunned

DUN'NED, participle passive [from dun.] Importuned to pay a debt; urged.

Dunner

DUN'NER, noun [from dun.] One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.

Spectator.

Dunning

DUN'NING, participle of the present tense [from dun.] Urging for payment of a debt, or for the grant of some favor, or for the obtaining any request; importuning.

Dunning

DUN'NING, participle of the present tense or noun [from dun, a color.] The operation of curing codfish, in such a manner as to give it a particular color and quality. Fish for dunning are caught early in spring, and often in February. At the Isles of Shoals, off Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, the cod are taken in deep water, split and slack-salted; then laid in a pile for two or three months, in a dark store, covered, for the greatest part of the time, with salt-hay or eel-grass, and pressed with some weight. In April or May, they are opened and piled again as close as possible in the same dark store, till July or August, when they are fit for use.

J. Haven.

Dunnish

DUN'NISH, adjective Inclined to a dun color; somewhat dun.

Ray.

Dunny

DUN'NY, adjective Deaf; dull of apprehension. [Local.]

Grose.

Duo

DU'O, noun [Latin two.] A song in two parts.

Duodecahedral

DUODECAHE'DRAL. or DUODECAHE'DRON. [See Dodecahedral, Dodecahedron.]

Duodecimfid

DUODEC'IMFID, adjective [Latin duodecim, twelve, and findo, to cleave.] Divided into twelve parts.

Duodecimo

DUODEC'IMO, adjective [Latin duodecim, twelve.] Having or consisting of twelve leaves to a sheet; as a book of duodecimo form or size.

Duodecimo

DUODEC'IMO, noun A book in which a sheet is folded into twelve leaves.

Duodecuple

DUODEC'UPLE, adjective [Latin duo, two, and decuplus, tenfold.] Consisting of twelves.

Arbuthnet.

Duodenum

DUOD'ENUM, noun [Latin] The first of the small intestines.

Duoliteral

DUOLIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin duo, two, and litera, a letter.] Consisting of two letters only; biliteral.

Stuart.

Dupe

DUPE, noun [French dupe. See the Verb.] A person who is deceived; or one easily led astray by his credulity; as the dupe of a party.

Dupe

DUPE, verb transitive [French duper; Swedish tubba. Qu. Spanish and Portugese estafar.]

To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity; as, to be duped by flattery.

Dupion

DU'PION, noun A double cocoon, formed by two or more silk-worms.

Encyc.

Duple

DU'PLE, adjective [Latin duplus.] Double. Duple ratio is that of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, &c. Sub-duple ratio is the reverse, or as 1 to 2, 4 to 8, &c.

Duplicate

DU'PLICATE, adjective [Latin duplicatus, from duplico, to double, from duplex, double, twofold; duo, two, and plico, to fold. See Double.] Double; twofold.

Duplicate proportion or ratio, is the proportion or ratio of squares. Thus in geometrical proportion, the first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second. Thus in 2. 4. 8. 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.

Duplicate

DU'PLICATE, noun Another corresponding to the first; or a second thing of the same kind.

2. A copy; a transcript. Thus a second letter or bill of exchange exactly like the first is called a duplicate.

Duplicate

DU'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin duplico.] To double; to fold.

Duplication

DUPLICA'TION, noun The act of doubling; the multiplication of a number by 2.

2. A folding; a doubling; also, a fold; as the duplication of a membrane.

Duplicature

DU'PLICATURE, noun A doubling; a fold. In anatomy, the fold of a membrane or vessel.

Encyc.

Duplicity

DUPLIC'ITY, noun [French duplicitÃƒ-©; Spanish duplicidad; Italian duplicitÃƒ- ; from Latin duplex, double.]

1. Doubleness; the number two.

Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; the act or practice of exhibiting a different or contrary conduct, or uttering different or contrary sentiments, at different times, in relation to the same thing; or the act of dissembling one's real opinions for the purpose of concealing them and misleading persons in the conversation and intercourse of life; double-dealing; dissimulation; deceit:

3. In law, duplicity is the pleading of two or more distinct matters or single pleas.

Blackstone.

Durability

DURABIL'ITY, noun [See Durable.] The power of lasting or continuing, in any given state, without perishing; as the durability of cedar or oak timber; the durability of animal and vegetable life is very limited.

Durable

DU'RABLE, adjective [Latin durabilis, from duro, to last, durus, hard; Welsh dur, steel; duraw, to harden.]

Having the quality of lasting or continuing long in being, without perishing or wearing out; as durable timber; durable cloth; durable happiness.

Durableness

DU'RABLENESS, noun Power of lasting; durability; as the durableness of honest fame.

Durably

DU'RABLY, adverb In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

Durance

DU'RANCE, noun [from French dur, durer, Latin duro.]

1. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody of the jailer.

Shak.

2. Continuance; duration. [See Endurance.]

Dryden.

Durant

DURANT', noun A glazed woolen stuff; called by some everlasting.

Duration

DURA'TION, noun Continuance in time; length or extension of existence, indefinitely; as the duration of life; the duration of a partnership; the duration of any given period of time; everlasting duration. This holding on or continuance of time is divided by us arbitrarily into certain portions, as minutes, hours and days; or it is measured by a succession of events, as by the diurnal and annual revolutions of the earth, or any other succession; and the interval between two events is called a part of duration. This interval may be of any indefinite length, a minute or a century.

2. Power of continuance.

Roger.

Dure

DURE, verb intransitive [Latin duro; French durer; Spanish durar; Italian durare. See Durable.]

To last; to hold on in time or being; to continue; to endure. [This word is obsolete; endure being substituted.]

Dureful

DU'REFUL, adjective Lasting.

Obs. Spenser.

Dureless

DU'RELESS, adjective Not lasting; fading.

Raleigh.

Duress

DURESS', noun [Norm. duresse, durette, from dur, hard, grievous; Latin durities, durus. See Durable.]

1. Literally, hardship; hence, constraint. Technically, duress, in law, is of two kinds; duress of imprisonment, which is imprisonment or restraint of personal liberty; and duress by menaces or threats [per minas,] when a person is threatened with loss of life or limb. Fear of battery is no duress. Duress then is imprisonment or threats intended to compel a person to do a legal act, as to execute a deed; or to commit an offense; in which cases the act is voidable or excusable.

Blackstone.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of liberty.

During

DU'RING, participle of the present tense of dure. Continuing; lasting; holding on; as during life, that is, life continuing; during our earthly pilgrimage; during the space of a year; during this or that. These phrases are the case absolute, or independent clauses; durante vita, durante hoc.

Durity

DU'RITY, noun [French duretÃƒ-©, from dur, Latin durus, duro.]

1. Hardness; firmness.

2. Hardness of mind; harshness. [Little used.]

Durous

DU'ROUS, adjective Hard. [Not used.]

Smith.

Durra

DUR'RA, noun A kind of millet, cultivated in N. Africa.

Durst

DURST, preterit tense of dare. [Dutch darst.]

Duse

DUSE, noun A demon or evil spirit. ``Quosdam daemones quos dusios Galli nuncupant.' August. De Civ. Dei, 15. 23. What the duse is the matter? The duse is in you. [Vulgar.]

Dusk

DUSK, adjective [Dutch duister; German dÃƒ-¼ster; Russian

tusk, tarnish; tusknu, to tarnish, to become dull or obscure. Qu. Greek.]

1. Tending to darkness, or moderately dark.

2. Tending to a dark or black color; moderately black.

Milton.

Dusk

DUSK, noun A tending to darkness; incipient or imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as the dusk of the evening.

2. Tendency to a black color; darkness of color.

Whose dusk set off the whiteness of the skin.

Dryden.

Dusk

DUSK, verb transitive To make dusky. [Little used.]

Dusk

DUSK, verb intransitive To begin to lose light or whiteness; to grow dark. [Little used.]

Duskily

DUSK'ILY, adverb With partial darkness; with a tendency to blackness or darkness.

Sherwood.

Duskiness

DUSK'INESS, noun Incipient or partial darkness; a slight or moderate degree of darkness or blackness.

Duskish

DUSK'ISH, adjective Moderately dusky; partially obscure; slightly dark or black; as duskish smoke.

Spenser.

Duskish tineture.

Wotton.

Duskishly

DUSK'ISHLY, adverb Cloudily; darkly.

Bacon.

Duskishness

DUSK'ISHNESS, noun Duskiness; approach to darkness.

More.

Dusky

DUSK'Y, adjective Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; as a dusky valley.

Dryden.

A dusky torch.

Shak.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as a dusky brown.

Bacon.

Dusky clouds.

Dryden.

3. Gloomy; sad.

This dusky scene of horror.

Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded; as a dusky sprite.

Pope.

Dust

DUST, noun [Saxon dust, dyst; Scot. dust; Teut. doest, duyst, dust, fine flour.]

1. Fine dry particles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may be raised and wafted by the wind; powder; as clouds of dust and seas of blood.

2. Fine dry particles of earth; fine earth.

The peacock warmeth her eggs in the dust. Job 39.

3. Earth; unorganized earthy matter.

Dust thou art, and to dust shalt thou return. Genesis 3.

4. The grave.

For now shall I sleep in the dust. Job 7.

5. A low condition.

God raiseth the poor out of the dust. 1 Samuel 2.

Dust

DUST, verb transitive To free from dust; to brush, wipe or sweep away dust; as, to dust a table or a floor.

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To levigate.

Sprat.

Dust-Brush

DUST'-BRUSH, noun A brush for cleaning rooms and furniture.

Duster

DUST'ER, noun An utensil to clear from dust; also, a sieve.

Dustiness

DUST'INESS, noun The state of being dusty.

Dust-Man

DUST'-MAN, noun One whose employment is to carry away dirt and filth.

Gay.

Dusty

DUST'Y, adjective Filled, covered or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust.

Dryden.

2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as a dusty white; a dusty red.

Dutch

DUTCH, noun The people of Holland; also, their language.

Dutch

DUTCH, adjective Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants.

Duteous

DU'TEOUS, adjective [from duty.] Performing that which is due, or that which law, justice or propriety requires; obedient; respectful to those who have natural or legal authority to require service or duty; as a duteous child or subject.

2. Obedient; obsequious; in a good or bad sense.

Duteous to the vices of thy mistress.

Shak.

3. Enjoined by duty, or by the relation of one to another; as duteous ties. [Little used.]

Shak.

Dutiable

DU'TIABLE, adjective [See Duty.] Subject to the imposition of duty or customs; as dutiable goods.

Supreme Court, U. S.

Dutied

DU'TIED, adjective Subjected to duties or customs.

Ames.

Dutiful

DU'TIFUL, adjective Performing the duties or obligations required by law, justice or propriety; obedient; submissive to natural or legal superiors; respectful; as a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant; a dutiful subject.

2. Expressive of respect or a sense of duty; respectful; reverential; required by duty; as dutiful reverence; dutiful attentions.

Dutifully

DU'TIFULLY, adverb In a dutiful manner; with a regard to duty; obediently; submissively; reverently; respectfully.

Swift.

Dutifulness

DU'TIFULNESS, noun Obedience; submission to just authority; habitual performance of duty; as dutifulness to parents.

Dryden.

2. Reverence; respect.

Taylor.

Duty

DU'TY, noun [from due, French dÃƒ-».] That which a person owes to another; that which a person is bound, by any natural, moral or legal obligation, to pay, do or perform. Obedience to princes, magistrates and the laws is the duty of every citizen and subject; obedience, respect and kindness to parents are duties of children; fidelity to friends is a duty; reverence, obedience and prayer to God are indispensable duties; the government and religious instruction of children are duties of parents which they cannot neglect without guilt.

2. Forbearance of that which is forbid by morality, law, justice or propriety. It is our duty to refrain from lewdness, intemperance, profaneness and injustice.

3. Obedience; submission.

4. Act of reverence or respect.

They both did duty to their lady.

Spenser.

5. The business of a soldier or marine on guard; as, the company is on duty. It is applied also to other services or labor.

6. The business of war; military service; as, the regiment did duty in Flanders.

7. Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods. An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax.

U. States.

Duumvir

DU'UMVIR, noun [Latin duo, two and vir, man.] One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same public functions.

Duumviral

DUUM'VIRAL, adjective Pertaining to the duumvirs or duumvirate of Rome.

Duumvirate

DUUM'VIRATE, noun The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity or government of two men thus associated; as in ancient Rome.

Dwale

DWALE, noun In heraldry, a sable or black color.

2. The deadly nightshade, a plant or a sleepy potion.

Chaucer.

Dwarf

DWARF, noun [Saxon dwerg, dweorg; Dutch dwerg; Swedish id.; Danish dvoerg.]

1. A general name for an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of the species or kind. A man that never grows beyond two or three feet in highth, is a dwarf. This word when used alone usually refers to the human species, but sometimes to other animals. When it is applied to plants, it is more generally used in composition; as a dwarf-tree; dwarfelder.

2. An attendant on a lady or knight in romances.

Spenser.

Dwarf

DWARF, verb transitive To hinder from growing to the natural size; to lessen; to make or keep small.

Addison.

Dwarfish

DWARF'ISH, adjective Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; low; petty; despicable; as a dwarfish animal; a dwarfish shrub.

Dryden.

Dwarfishly

DWARF'ISHLY, adverb Like a dwarf.

Dwarfishness

DWARF'ISHNESS, noun Smallness of statutre; littleness of size.

Dwaul

DWAUL, verb intransitive [Saxon dwelian, dwolian, to wander.] To be delirious.

Obs. Junius.

Dwell

DWELL, verb intransitive pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt. [Danish dvoeler, to stay, wait, loiter, delay; Swedish dvala, a trance; dv?lias, to delay, abide, remain or linger. Teut. dualla; Icelandic duelia; Scot. duel, dwell. Qu. Welsh attal, dal, to hold, stop, stay, and Irish tuilim, to sleep. This word coincides nearly with dally, in its primitive signification, and may be of the same family. Its radical sense is probably to draw out in time; hence, to hold, rest, remain. We see like senses united in many words, as in teneo, continue. See Dally and Class Dl. No. 3. 5. 6. 21.]

1. To abide as a permanent resident, or to inhabit for a time; to live in a place; to have a habitation for some time or permanence.

God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem. Genesis 9.

Dwell imports a residence of some continuance. We use abide for the resting of a night or an hour; but we never say, he dwelt in a place a day or a night. Dwell may signify a residence for life or for a much shorter period, but not for a day. In scripture, it denotes a residence of seven days during the feast of tabernacles.

Ye shall dwell in booths seven days. Leviticus 23.

The word was made flesh, and dwelt among us. John 1.

2. To be in any state or condition; to continue.

To dwell in doubtful joy.

Shak.

3. To continue; to be fixed in attention; to hang upon with fondness.

The attentive queen

Dwelt on his accents.

Smith.

They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement.

Buckminster.

4. To continue long; as, to dwell on a subject, in speaking, debate or writing; to dwell on a note in music.

Dwell, as a verb transitive, is not used.

We who dwell this wild, in Milton, is not a legitimate phrase.

Dweller

DWELL'ER, noun An inhabitant; a resident of some continuance in a place.

Dryden.

Dwelling

DWELL'ING, participle of the present tense Inhabiting; residing; sojourning; continuing with fixed attention.

Dwelling

DWELL'ING, noun Habitation; place of residence; abode.

Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons. Jeremiah 49.

2. Continuance; residence; state of life.

Thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field. Danish iv.

Dwelling-House

DWELL'ING-HOUSE, noun The house in which one lives.

Dwelling-Place

DWELL'ING-PLACE, noun The place of residence.

Dwindle

DWIN'DLE, verb intransitive [Saxon dwinan, to pine, to vanish; Swedish tvina; German schwinden. I suppose, formed on the root of vain, vanish.]

1. To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away. The body dwindles by pining or consumption; an estate dwindles by waste, by want of industry or economy; an object dwindles in size, as it recedes from view; an army dwindles by death or desertion.

Our drooping days have dwindled down to naught.

Thomson.

2. To degenerate; to sink; to fall away.

Religious societies may dwindle into factious clubs.

Swift.

Dwindle

DWIN'DLE, verb transitive To make less; to bring low.

Thomson.

2. To break; to disperse.

Clarendon.

Dwindled

DWIN'DLED, adjective Shrunk; diminished in size.

Dwindling

DWIN'DLING, participle of the present tense Falling away; becoming less; pining; consuming; moldering away.

Dye

DYE, verb transitive [Saxon deagan; Latin tingo, for tigo; Greek; French teindre, whence tint, taint, attaint; Spanish teÃƒ-±ir; Portugese tingir; Italian tignere; Arabic taicha, to dye and to die. Class

Dg. No. 40. The primary sense is to throw down, to dip, to plunge.]

To stain; to color; to give a new and permanent color to; applied particularly to cloth or the materials of cloth, as wool, cotton, silk and linen; also to hats, leather, &c. It usually expresses more or a deeper color than tinge.

Dyed

DY'ED, participle passive Stained; colored.

Dyeing

DY'EING, participle of the present tense Staining; giving a new and permanent color.

Dyeing

DY'EING, noun The art or practice of giving new and permanent colors; the art of coloring cloth, hats, &c.

Dyer

DY'ER, noun One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like.

Dying

DY'ING, participle of the present tense [from die.] Losing life; perishing; expiring; fading away; languishing.

2. adjective Mortal; destined to death; as dying bodies.

Dynameter

DYNAM'ETER, noun [Greek, strength, and, to measure.]

An instrument for determining the magnifying power of telescopes.

Ramsden.

Dynamtrical

DYNAMT'RICAL. adjective Pertaining to a dynameter.

Dynamical

DYNAM'ICAL, adjective [Greek, power.] Pertaining to strength or power.

Dynamometer

DYNAMOM'ETER, noun [See Dynameter.] An instrument for measuring the relative strength of men and other animals.

Ed. Encyc.

Dynast

DY'NAST, noun [See Dynasty.] A ruler; a governor; a prince; a government.

Dynastic

DYNAST'IC, adjective Relating to a dynasty or line of kings.

Dynasty

DY'NASTY, noun [Greek, power, sovereignty, from, a lord or chief, from, to be able or strong, to prevail; Irish tanaiste. The Welsh dyn, man, is probably from the same root. Class Dn.]

Government; sovereignty; or rather a race or succession of kings of the same line or family, who govern a particular country; as the dynasties of Egypt or Persia.

Encyc.

The obligation of treaties and contracts is allowed, to survive the change of dynasties.

E. Everett.

Dyscrasy

DYS'CRASY, noun [Greek; evil, and, habit.]

In medicine, an ill habit or state of the humors; distemperature of the juices.

Coxe. Encyc.

Dysenteric

DYSENTER'IC, adjective Pertaining to dysentery; accompanied with dysentery; proceeding from dysentery.

2. Afficted with dysentery; as a dysenteric patient.

Dysentery

DYS'ENTERY, noun [Latin dysenteria; Greek; bad, and, intestines.]

A flux in which the stools consist chiefly of blood and mucus or other morbid matter, accompanied with griping of the bowels, and followed by tenesmus.

Encyc.

Dysodile

DYS'ODILE, noun A species of coal of a greenish or yellowish gray color, in masses composed of thin layers. When burning, it emits a very fetid odor.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland.

Dysorexy

DYS'OREXY, noun [Greek, bad and, appetite.] A bad or depraved appetite; a want of appetite.

Coxe.

Dyspepsy

DYSPEP'SY, noun [Greek; bad, and, to concoct.] Bad digestion; indigestion, or difficulty of digestion.

Encyc. Coxe.

Dyspeptic

DYSPEP'TIC, adjective Afflicted with indigestion; as a dyspeptic person.

2. Pertaining to or consisting in dyspepsy; as a dyspeptic complaint.

Dysphony

DYS'PHONY, noun [Greek; bad, hard, and, voice.]

A difficulty of speaking, occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs of speech.

Dict.

Dyspnoea

DYSPNOE'A, noun [Greek.] A difficulty of breathing.

Coxe.

Dysury

DYS'URY, noun [Greek; and, urine.]

Difficulty in discharging the urine, attended with pain and a sensation of heat.

Encyc.

E

E

E, the second vowel and the fifth letter of the English Alphabet, seems to be the ancient Phenician and Hebrews inverted, corresponding nearly with the Chaldaic and later Hebrew. Its long and natural sound in English coincides with the sound of i in the Italian and French languages, and is formed by a narrower opening of the glottis than that of a. It has a long sound, as in here, mere, me; a short sound, as in met,men; and the sound of a open or long, in there, prey, vein. As a final letter, it is generally quiescent; but it serves to lengthen the sound of the preceding vowel, or at least to indicate that the preceding vowel is to have its long sound, as in mane, cane, plume, which, without the final e, would be pronounced man, can, plum. After c and g, the final e serves to change these letters from hard to soft, or to indicate that c is to be pronounced as s, and g, as j. Thus without the final e, in mace [mase,] this word would be pronounced mac [mak,] and rage [raj] would be pronounced rag. In a numerous class of words, indeed in almost every word, except a few from the Greek, the final e is silent, serving no purpose whatever, unless to show from what language we have received the words, and in many cases, it does not answer this purpose. In words ending in ive, as active; in ile, as futile; in ine, as in sanguine, examine; in ite as in definite; e is, for the most part, silent. In some of these words, the use of e is borrowed from the French; in most or all cases, it is not authorized by the Latin originals; it is worse than useless, as it leads to a wrong pronunciation; and the retaining of it in such words is, beyond measure, absurd.

When two of this vowel occur together, the sound is the same as that of the single e long, as in deem, esteem, need; and it occurs often with a and i, as in mean, hear, siege, deceive, in which cases, when one vowel only has a sound, the combination I call a digraph [double writte.] In these combinations, the sound is usually that of e long, but sometimes the short sound of e, as in lead, a metal, re, pret. of read, and sometimes the sound of a long, as in rein, feign, pronounced rane, fane. Irregularities of this kind are not reducible to rules.

As a numeral, E stands for 250. In the calendar, it is the fifth of the dominical letters. As an abbreviation, it stands for East, as in charts; E. by S., East by South.

Each

EACH, adjective [Scot. eik. This word is either a contraction of the Saxon oelc, elc, Dutch elk, or the Irish ceach, or gach, Basque, gucia, French chaque, with the loss of the first articulation. With the Celtic corresponds the Russian kajdei, each. I am inclined to believe both the English and Scottish words to be contractions of the Celtic ceach.]

Every one of any number separately considered or treated.

To all of them he gave each man changes of raiment. Genesis 45.

And the princes of Israel, being twelve men, each one was for the house of his fathers. Numbers 1.

Simeon and Levi took each soldier in his army a liberal donative.

To each corresponds other. Let each esteem other better than himself. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty to assist, each to assist the other.

Eachwhere

E'ACHWHERE, adverb Every where. Obs.

Ead

EAD, ED, in names, is a Saxon word signifying happy, fortunate; as in Edward, happy preserver; Edgar, happy power; Edwin, happy conqueror; Eadulph, happy assistance; like Macarius and Eupolemus in Greek, and Fausta, Fortunatus, Felicianus, in Latin.

Gibson.

Eager

E'AGER, adjective [Er. aigre; Armoric egr; Welsh egyr; Italian agro; Spanish agrio; Latin acer, fierce, brisk, sharp, sour. If r is radical, this word belongs to Class Greek Irish gear, geire, sharp; German gier. Otherwise, it coincides with Latin acus, edge, Saxon ecg.]

1. Excited by ardent desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform or obtain; inflamed by desire; ardently wishing or longing. The soldiers were eager to engage the enemy. Men are eager in the pursuit of wealth. The lover is eager to possess the object of his affections.

2. Ardent; vehement; impetuous; as eager spirits; eager zeal; eager clamors.

3. Sharp; sour; acid; as eager droppings into milk. [Little used.]

Shak.

4. Sharp; keen; biting; severe; as eager air; eager cold. [Little used.]

Shak. Bacon.

5. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile; as, the gold is too eager. [Local.]

Locke.

Eagerly

E'AGERLY, adverb With great ardor of desire; ardently; earnestly; warmly; with prompt zeal; as, he eagerly flew to the assistance of his friend.

2. Hastily; impetuously.

3. Keenly; sharply.

Eagerness

E'AGERNESS, noun Ardent desire to do, pursue or obtain any thing; animated zeal; vehement longing; ardor of inclination. Men pursue honor with eagerness. Detraction is often received with eagerness. With eagerness the soldier rushes to battle. The lover's eagerness often disappoints his hopes.

2. Tartness; sourness. Obs.

Eagle

E'AGLE, noun [French aigle; Spanish aguila; Italian aquila; Latin aquila. Qu. from his beak, Chaldee Hebrew to be crooked, [see Buxtorf,] or Pers..]

1. A rapacious fowl of the genus Falco. The beak is crooked and furnished with a cere at the base, and the tongue is cloven or bifid. There are several species, as the bald or white-headed eagle, the sea eagle or ossifrage, the golden eagle, &c.

The eagle is one of the largest species of fowls, has a keen sight, and preys on small animals, fish, &c. He lives to a great age; and it is said that one died at Vienna, after a confinement of a hundred and four years. On account of the elevation and rapidity of his flight, and of his great strength, he is called the king of birds. Hence the figure of an eagle was made the standard of the Romans, and a spread eagle is a principal figure in the arms of the United States of America. Hence also in heraldry, it is one of the most noble bearings in armory.

2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars, or forty-five shillings sterling.

3. A constellation in the northern hemisphere, having its right wing contiguous to the equinoctial.

Encyc.

Eagle-Eyed

E'AGLE-EYED, adjective Sharpsighted as an eagle; having an acute sight.

Dryden.

2. Discerning; having acute intellectual vision.

Eagle-Sighted

E'AGLE-SIGHTED, adjective Having acute sight.

Shak.

Eagle-Speed

E'AGLE-SPEED, noun Swiftness like that of an eagle.

Pope.

Eagless

E'AGLESS, noun A female or hen eagle.

Eagle-Stone

E'AGLE-STONE, noun Etite, a variety of argillaceous oxyd of iron, occurring in masses varying from the size of a walnut to that of a man's head. Their form is spherical, oval or nearly reniform, or sometimes like a parallelopiped with rounded edges and angles. They have a rough surface, and are essentially composed of concentric layers. These nodules often embrace at the center a kernel or nucleus, sometimes movable, and always differing from the exterior in color, density and fracture. To these hollow nodules the ancients gave the name of eagle-stones, from an opinion that the eagle transported them to her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs.

Cleaveland.

Eaglet

E'AGLET, noun A young eagle or a diminutive eagle.

Eagle-Winged

E'AGLE-WINGED, adjective Having the wings of an eagle; swift as an eagle.

Milton.

Eagre

EA'GRE, noun A tide swelling above another tide, as in the Severn.

Dryden.

Ealderman

EALDERMAN. [See Alderman.]

Eame

EAME, noun [Saxon eam.] Uncle. Obs.

Spenser.

Ean

EAN, verb transitive or i. To yean. [See Yean.]

Eanling

E'ANLING, noun A lamb just brought forth. [Not used.]

Ear

E'AR, noun [Saxon ear, eare; Dutch oor; Swedish ?ra; Danish Ãƒ-¶re; German ohr or Ãƒ-¶hr; Latin auris, whence auricula, French oreille, Spanish oreja, Portugese orelha, Italian orecchio. The sense is probably a shoot or limb. It may be connected with hear, as the Latin audio is with the Greek,.]

1. The organ of hearing; the organ by which sound is perceived; and in general, both the external and internal part is understood by the term. The external ear is a cartilaginous funnel, attached, by ligaments and muscles, to the temporal bone.

Encyc.

2. The sense of hearing, or rather the power of distinguishing sounds and judging of harmony; the power of nice perception of the differences of sound, or of consonances and dissonances. She has a delicate ear for music, or a good ear.

3. In the plural, the head or person.

It is better to pass over an affront from one scoundrel, than to draw a herd about one's ears.

L'Estrange.

4. The top, or highest part.

The cavalier was up to the ears in love. [Low.]

L'Estrange.

5. A favorable hearing; attention; heed; regard. Give no ear to flattery.

I cried to GodÃ‚--and he gave ear to me. Psalm 77.

He could not gain the prince's ear.

6. Disposition to like or dislike what is heard; opinion; judgment; taste.

He laid his sense closerÃ‚--according to the style and ear of those times.

Denham.

7. Any part of a thing resembling an ear; a projecting part from the side of any thing; as the ears of a vessel used as handles.

8. The spike of corn; that part of certain plants which contains the flowers and seeds; as an ear of wheat or maiz.

To be by the ears, or To fall together by the ears, or To go together by the ears, to fight or scuffle; to quarrel.

To set by the ears, to make strife; to cause to quarrel.

Ear

EAR, verb intransitive To shoot, as an ear; to form ears, as corn.

Ear

EAR, verb transitive [Latin aro.] To plow or till. Obs.

Earable

E'ARABLE, adjective Used to be tilled. Obs.

Barret.

Earache

E'ARACHE, noun [See Ache.] Pain in the ear.

Earal

E'ARAL, adjective Receiving by the ear. [Not used.]

Hewyt.

Ear-Bored

E'AR-BORED, adjective Having the ear perforated.

Hall.

Ear-Deafening

E'AR-DEAFENING, adjective Stunning the ear with noise.

Shak.

Eared

E'ARED, participle passive Having ears; having spikes formed, as corn.

Ear-Erecting

EAR-ERECT'ING, adjective Setting up the ears.

Cowper.

Earing

E'ARING, noun A plowing of land. Genesis 44.

Earlap

E'ARLAP, noun The tip of the ear.

Earlock

E'ARLOCK, noun [Saxon ear-loca.] A lock or curl of hair, near the ear.

Earmark

E'ARMARK, noun A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is known.

Earmark

E'ARMARK, verb transitive To mark, as sheep by cropping or slitting the ear.

Earpick

E'ARPICK, noun An instrument for cleansing the ear.

Ear-Piercing

E'AR-PIERCING, adjective Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp sound.

Shak.

Earring

E'ARRING, noun A pendant; an ornament, sometimes set with diamonds, pearls or other jewels, worn at the ear, by means of a ring passing through the lobe.

Earshot

E'ARSHOT, noun Reach of the ear; the distance at which words may be heard.

Dryden.

Earwax

E'ARWAX, noun The cerumen; a thick viscous substance, secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage.

Encyc.

Earwig

E'ARWIG, noun [Saxon ear-wigga, ear-wicga; ear and worm or grub.]

A genus of insects of the order of Coleopters. The antennae are bristly; the elytra dimidiated; the wings covered; and the tail forked. This animal is called in Latin forficula, from the forceps at the end of the abdomen. The English name was given to it from an ill founded notion that the animal creeps into the ear and causes injury.

In New England, this name is vulgarly given to a species of centiped.

Ear-Witness

E'AR-WITNESS, noun One who is able to give testimony to a fact from his own hearing.

Watts.

Earl

EARL, n. erl. [Saxon eorl; Irish iarla, an earl; earlamh, noble. This word is said to have been received from the Danes, although not now used in Denmark. Formerly this title among the Danes was equivalent to the English alderman. Spelman.]

A British title of nobility, or a nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, and next above a viscount. The title answers to count [compte] in France, and graaf in Germany. The earl formerly had the government of a shire, and was called shireman. After the conquest earls were called counts, and from them shires have taken the name of counties. Earl is now a mere title, unconnected with territorial jurisdiction.

Spelman. Encyc.

Earldom

EARLDOM, n. erl'dom. The seignory, jurisdiction or dignity of an earl.

Earl-Marshal

EARL-M'ARSHAL, noun An officer in Great Britain, who has the superintendence of military solemnities. He is the eighth great officer of state. The office was originally conferred by grant of the king, but is now hereditary in the family of the Howards.

Encyc.

Earles-Penny

EARLES-PENNY, noun Money given in part payment. [Qu. Latin arrha.] [Not in use.]

Earless

E'ARLESS, adjective Destitute of ears; disinclined to hear or listen.

Earliness

EARLINESS, n. er'liness. [See Early and Ere.]

A state of advance or forwardness; a state of being before any thing, or at the beginning; as the earliness of rising in the morning is a rising at the dawn of the morning, or before the usual time of rising. So we speak of the earliness of spring, or the earliness of plants, to express a state somewhat in advance of the usual time of spring, or growth of plants.

Early

EARLY, a. er'ly. [from Saxon oer, er, before in time, ere, which indicates the root of the word to signify, to advance, to pass along or shoot up. It is probably connected with the Dutch eer, German ehre, Swedish ?hra, Danish oere, honor, denoting the highest point.]

1. In advance of something else; prior in time; forward; as early fruit, that is, fruit that comes to maturity before other fruit; early growth; early manhood; early old age or decrepitade, that is, premature old age. So an early spring; an early harvest.

2. First; being at the beginning; as early dawn.

3. Being in good season; as, the court met at an early hour.

Early

EARLY, adv. er'ly. Soon; in good season; betimes; as, rise early; come early; begin early to instill into children principles of piety.

Those who seek me early shall find me. Proverbs 8.

Earn

EARN, v. t. ern. [Saxon earnian, oernian, gearnian, to earn, to merit. It is connected in origin with earnest and yearn, which see. The primary sense is to strive or urge, implying an effort to advance or stretch forward.]

1. To merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance; to do that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is received or not. Men often earn money or honor which they never receive.

Earn money before you spend it, and spend less than you earn.

2. To gain by labor, service or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation; as, to earn a dollar a day; to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels.

Earned

EARNED, pp. ern'ed. Merited by labor or performance; gained.

Earnest

EARNEST, a. ern'est. [Saxon eornest, or geornest, from georn, desirous, studious, diligent, assiduous, whence geornian, gyrnan, to desire, to yearn; Danish gierne, willingly, freely, gladly, cheerfully; gierning, a deed, act, exploit; German ernst; Dutch ernst; Welsh ern, earnest-money. The radical sense is to strive to advance, to reach forward, to urge, to strain.]

1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain; having a longing desire; warmly engaged or incited.

They are never more earnest to disturb us, than when they see us most earnest in this duty.

Duppa.

2. Ardent; warm; eager; zealous; animated; importunate; as earnest in love; earnest in prayer.

3. Intent; fixed.

On that prospect strange

Their earnest eyes were fixed.

Milton.

4. Serious; important; that is, really intent or engaged; whence the phrase, in earnest. To be in earnest, is to be really urging or stretching towards an object; intent on a pursuit. Hence, from fixed attention, comes the sense of seriousness in the pursuit, as opposed to trifling or jest. Are you in earnest or in jest?

Earnest

EARNEST, n. ern'est. Seriousness; a reality; a real event; as opposed to jesting or feigned appearance.

Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest.

Sidney.

And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest.

Shak.

2. First fruits; that which is in advance, and gives promise of something to come. Early fruit may be an earnest of fruit to follow. The first success in arms may be an earnest of future success. The christian's peace of mind in this life is an earnest of future peace and happiness. Hence earnest or earnest-money is a first payment or deposit giving promise or assurance of full payment. Hence the practice of giving an earnest to ratify a bargain.

This sense of the word is primary, denoting that which goes before, or in advance. Thus the earnest of the spirit is given to saints, as a pledge or assurance of their future enjoyment of God's presence and favor.

Earnestly

EARNESTLY, adv. ern'estly. Warmly; zealously; importunately; eagerly; with real desire.

Being in an agony, he prayed more earnestly. Luke 22.

That ye should earnestly contend for the faith once delivered to the saints. Jude 3.

2. With fixed attention; with eagerness.

A certain maid looked earnestly upon him. Luke 22.

Earnestness

EARNESTNESS, n. ern'estness. Ardor or zeal in the pursuit of any thing; eagerness; animated desire; as, to seek or ask with earnestness; to engage in a work with earnestness.

2. Anxious care; solicitude; intenseness of desire.

Dryden.

3. Fixed desire or attention; seriousness; as, the charge was maintained with a show of gravity and earnestness.

Earnful

EARNFUL, a. ern'ful: Full of anxiety. [Not used.]

Fletcher.

Earning

EARNING, ppr. ern'ing. Meriting by services; gaining by labor or performance.

Earning

EARNING, n. ern'ing. plu. earnings. That which is earned; that which is gained or merited by labor, services or performance; wages; reward. The folly of young men is to spend their earnings in dissipation or extravagance. It is wise for the poor to invest their earnings in a productive fund.

Earsh

EARSH, noun [See Ear, to plow.] A plowed field. [Not in use.]

May.

Earth

EARTH, n. erth. [Saxon eard, eorth, yrth; Dutch aarde; German erde; Swedish iord, jord; Danish iord; Scot. erd, yerd, yerth; Turk. jerda; Tartaric, yirda. It coincides with the Hebrew.

The Arabic aratza, from which the Arabic and Hebrew words corresponding to the Teutonic above, are derived, signifies to eat, gnaw or corrode as a worm, or the teredo. It is obvious then that the primary sense of earth is fine particles, like mold. The verb may be from to break or bruise. The Chaldee and Syriac earth, may be contracted from the same word. See Corrode. It is by no means improbable that aro, to plow, may be contracted from the same root.]

1. Earth, in its primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the mass of the globe, but more particularly the particles which form the fine mold on the surface of the globe; or it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter. We throw up earth with a spade or plow; we fill a pit or ditch with earth; we form a rampart with earth. This substance being considered, by ancient philosophers, as simple, was called an element; and in popular language, we still hear of the four elements, fire, air, earth and water.

2. In chimistry, the term earth was, till lately, employed to denote a simple elementary body or substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infusible. But it has also been applied to substances which have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primitive earths are reckoned ten in number, viz., silex, alumin, lime, magnesia, baryte, strontian, zircon, glucin, yttria and thorina. Recent experiments prove that most or all of them are compounds of oxygen with bases, some of which appear to possess the properties of metals. In this case the earths are to be considered as metallic oxyds.

Davy. Silliman. Phillips.

3. The terraqueous globe which we inhabit The earth is nearly spherical, but a little flatted at the poles, and hence its figure is called an oblate spheroid. It is one of the primary planets, revolving round the sun in an orbit which is between those of Venus and Mars. It is nearly eight thousand miles in diameter, and twenty five thousand miles in circumference. Its distance from the sun is about ninety five millions of miles, and its annual revolution constitutes the year of 365 days, 5 hours, and nearly 49 minutes.

4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of existence.

Shak.

5. The inhabitants of the globe.

The whole earth was of one language. Genesis 11.

6. Dry land, opposed to the sea.

God called the dry land earth. Genesis 1.

7. Country; region; a distinct part of the globe.

Dryden.

In this sense, land or soil is more generally used.

In scripture, earth is used for a part of the world. Ez. 1:2.

8. The ground; the surface of the earth. He fell to the earth. The ark was lifted above the earth.

In the second monthÃ‚--was the earth dried. Genesis 8.

9. In scripture, things on the earth, are carnal, sensual, temporary things; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine things.

10. Figuratively, a low condition. Revelation 12.

11. [from ear, Saxon erian, Latin aro, to plow.]

The act of turning up the ground in tillage. [Not used.]

Tusser.

Earth

EARTH, verb transitive To hide in the earth.

The fox is earthed.

Dryden.

2. To cover with earth or mold.

Evelyn.

Earth

EARTH, verb intransitive To retire under ground; to burrow. Here foxes earthed.

Earthbag

EARTH'BAG, noun A bag filled with earth, used for defense in war.

Earthbank

EARTH'BANK, noun A bank or mound of earth.

Earthboard

EARTH'BOARD, noun The board of a plow that turns over the earth; the mold-board.

Earthborn

EARTH'BORN, adjective Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the earth; as the fabled earthborn giants.

2. Earthly; terrestrial.

All earthborn cares are wrong.

Goldsmith.

Earthbound

EARTH'BOUND, adjective Fastened by the pressure of the earth.

Shak.

Earthbred

EARTH'BRED, adjective Low; abject; groveling.

Earth-Created

EARTH-CREA'TED, adjective Formed of earth.

Young.

Earthen

EARTH'EN, a. erth'n. Made of earth; made of clay; as an earthen vessel; earthen ware.

Earthfed

EARTH'FED, adjective Low; abject.

B. Jonson.

Earthflax

EARTH'FLAX, noun Amianth; a fibrous, flexile, elastic mineral substance, consisting of short interwoven, or long parallel filaments.

Encyc.

Earthiness

EARTH'INESS, noun The quality of being earthy, or of containing earth; grossness.

Johnson.

Earthliness

EARTH'LINESS, noun [from earthly.] The quality of being earthly; grossness.

2. Worldliness; strong attachment to worldly things.

Earthling

EARTH'LING, noun An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal; a frail creature.

Drummond.

Earthly

EARTH'LY, adjective Pertaining to the earth, or to this world.

Our earthly house of this tabernacle. 2 Corinthians 5.

2. Not heavenly; vile; mean.

This earthly load

Of death called life.

Milton.

3. Belonging to our present state; as earthly objects; earthly residence.

4. Belonging to the earth or world; carnal; vile; as opposed to spiritual or heavenly.

Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. Philippians 3.

5. Corporeal; not mental.

Spenser.

Earthly-Minded

EARTHLY-MINDED, adjective Having a mind devoted to earthly things.

Earthly-Mindedness

EARTHLY-MINDEDNESS, noun Grossness; sensuality; extreme devotedness to earthly objects.

Gregory.

Earthnut

EARTH'NUT, noun The groundnut, or root of the Arachis; a small round bulb or knob, like a nut. This root or bulb is formed from the germen, which becomes a pod and is thrust into the ground by a natural motion of the stalk.

Encyc.

It is properly the fruit of the plant, and differs from other fruit only in the circumstance of ripening in the earth.

Earthnut

EARTH'NUT, noun The pignut, or bunium; a globular root, somewhat resembling in taste a chesnut, whence it is called bulbocastanum.

Encyc.

Earthquake

EARTH'QUAKE, noun A shaking, trembling or concussion of the earth; sometimes a slight tremor; at other times a violent shaking or convulsion; at other times a rocking or heaving of the earth. Earthquakes are usually preceded by a rattling sound in the air, or by a subterraneous rumbling noise. Hence the name, earthdin, formerly given to an earthquake.

Earthshaking

EARTH'SHAKING, adjective Shaking the earth; having power to shake the earth.

Milton.

Earthworm

EARTH'WORM, noun The dew worm, a species of Lumbricus; a worm that lives under ground.

Encyc.

2. A mean sordid wretch.

Earthy

EARTH'Y, adjective Consisting of earth; as earthy matter.

2. Resembling earth; as an earthy taste or smell.

3. Partaking of earth; terrene.

Milton.

4. Inhabiting the earth; terrestrial; as earthy spirits.

Dryden.

5. Relating to earth; as an earthy sign.

Dryden.

6. Gross; not refined; as an earthy conceit.

Shak.

7. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of a mineral is rough, with minute elevations and depressions.

Cleaveland.

Ease

EASE, n. s as z. [French aise; Armoric aez; Welsh hawz; Cornish hedh; Saxon oeth or eath, easy; Latin otium; Italian agio; Irish easgaidh.]

1. Rest; an undisturbed state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain, disturbance, excitement or annoyance. He sits at his ease. He takes his ease.

2. Applied to the mind, a quiet state; tranquillity; freedom from pain, concern, anxiety, solicitude, or any thing that frets or ruffles the mind.

His soul shall dwell at ease. Psalm 25.

Wo to them that are at ease in Zion. Amos 6.

3. Rest from labor.

4. Facility; freedom from difficulty or great labor. One man will perform this service with ease. This author writes with ease.

5. Freedom from stiffness, harshness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrangement; as the ease of style.

6. Freedom from constraint or formality; unaffectedness; as ease of behavior.

At ease, in an undisturbed state; free from pain or anxiety.

Ease

EASE, verb transitive To free from pain or any disquiet or annoyance, as the body; to relieve; to give rest to; as, the medicine has eased the patient.

2. To free from anxiety, care or disturbance, as the mind; as, the late news has eased my mind.

3. To remove a burden from, either of body or mind; to relieve; with of. Ease me of this load; ease them of their burdens.

4. To mitigate; to alleviate; to assuage; to abate or remove in part any burden, pain, grief, anxiety or disturbance.

Ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of the father. 2 Chronicles 10.

5. To quiet; to allay; to destroy; as, to ease pain.

To ease off or ease away, in seamen's language, is to slacken a rope gradually.

To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard alee, to prevent her pitching, when close hauled.

Mar. Dict.

Easeful

E'ASEFUL, adjective Quiet; peaceful; fit for rest.

Shak.

Easefully

E'ASEFULLY, adverb With ease or quiet.

Sherwood.

Easel

E'ASEL, noun The frame on which painters place their canvas.

Easel-pieces, among painters, are the smaller pieces, either portraits or landscapes, which are painted on the easel, as distinguished from those which are drawn on walls, ceilings, &c.

Encyc. Chalmers.

Easement

E'ASEMENT, noun Convenience; accommodation; that which gives ease, relief or assistance.

He has the advantage of a free lodging, and some other easements.

Swift.

2. In law, any privilege or convenience which one man has of another, either by prescription or charter, without profit; as a way through his land, &c.

Encyc. Cowel.

Easily

E'ASILY, adverb [from easy.] Without difficulty or great labor; without great exertion, or sacrifice of labor or expense; as, this task may be easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen.

2. Without pain, anxiety or disturbance; in tranquillity; as, to pass life well and easily.

Temple.

3. Readily; without the pain of reluctance.

Not soon provoked, she easily forgives.

Prior.

4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; without tumult or discord.

5. Without violent shaking or jolting; as, a carriage moves easily.

Easiness

E'ASINESS, noun Freedom from difficulty; ease.

Easiness and difficulty are relative terms.

Tillotson.

2. Flexibility; readiness to comply; prompt compliance; a yielding or disposition to yield without opposition or reluctance.

Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness.

South.

So we say, a man's easiness of temper is remarkable.

3. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort or formality; applied to manners or to the style of writing.

Roscommon.

4. Rest; tranquillity; ease; freedom from pain.

Ray.

5. Freedom from shaking or jolting, as of a moving vehicle.

6. Softness; as the easiness of a seat.

East

EAST, noun [Saxon east; Dutch oost, oosten; German ost; Swedish ost, osten; Danish Ãƒ-¶st, Ãƒ-¶sten; French est. If the radical sense coincides with that of the Latin oriens, this word may belong to the root of hoise, hoist.]

1. The point in the heavens, where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or when it is in the equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth; one of the four cardinal points. The east and the west are the points where the equator intersects the horizon. But to persons under the equinoctial line, that line constitutes east and west.

2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe, or other country. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, &c. We speak of the riches of the east, the diamonds and pearls of the east, the kings of the east.

The gorgeous east, with richest hand,

Pours on her kings barbaric, pearl and gold.

Milton.

East

EAST, adjective Towards the rising sun; or towards the point where the sun rises, when in the equinoctial; as the east gate; the east border; the east side. The east wind is a wind that blows from the east.

Easter

E'ASTER, noun [Saxon easter; German ostern; supposed to be from Eostre, the goddess of love or Venus of the north, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated by our pagan ancestors, in April; whence this month was called Eostermonath. Eoster is supposed by Beda and others to be the Astarte of the Sidonians. See Beda, Cluver, and the authorities cited by Cluver, and by Jamieson, under Paysyad. But query.]

A festival of the christian church observed in commemoration of our Savior's resurrection. It answers to the pascha or passover of the Hebrews, and most nations still give it this name, pascha, pask, paque.

Easterling

E'ASTERLING, noun A native of some country eastward of another.

Spenser.

2. A species of waterfowl.

Johnson.

Easterly

E'ASTERLY, adjective Coming from the eastward; as an easterly wind.

2. Situated towards the east; as the easterly side of a lake or country.

3. Towards the east; as, to move in an easterly direction.

4. Looking towards the east; as an easterly exposure.

Easterly

E'ASTERLY, adverb On the east; in the direction of east.

Eastern

E'ASTERN, adjective [Saxon eastern.] Oriental; being or dwelling in the east; as eastern kings; eastern countries; eastern nations.

2. Situated towards the east; on the east part; as the eastern side of a town or church; the eastern gate.

3. Going towards the east, or in the direction of east; as an eastern voyage.

Eastward

E'ASTWARD, adverb [east and ward.] Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place. New Haven lies eastward from New York. Turn your eyes eastward.

Easy

E'ASY, a.s as z. [See Ease.] Quiet; being at rest; free from pain, disturbance or annoyance. The patient has slept well and is easy.

2. Free from anxiety, care, solicitude or peevishness; quiet; tranquil; as an easy mind.

3. Giving no pain or disturbance; as an easy posture; an easy carriage.

4. Not difficult; that gives or requires no great labor or exertion; that presents no great obstacles; as an easy task. It is often more easy to resolve, than to execute.

Knowledge is easy to him that understandeth. Proverbs 14.

5. Not causing labor or difficulty. An easy ascent or slope, is a slope rising with a small angle.

6. Smooth; not uneven; not rough or very hilly; that may be traveled with ease; as an easy road.

7. Gentle; moderate; not pressing; as a ship under easy sail.

8. Yielding with little or no resistance; complying; credulous.

With such deceits he gained their easy hearts.

Dryden.

9. Ready; not unwilling; as easy to forgive.

Dryden.

10. Contented; satisfied. Allow hired men wages that will make them easy.

11. Giving ease; freeing from labor, care or the fatigue of business; furnishing abundance without toil; affluent; as easy circumstances; an easy fortune.

12. Not constrained; not stiff or formal; as easy manners; an easy address; easy movements in dancing.

13. Smooth; flowing; not harsh; as an easy style.

14. Not jolting; as, the horse has an easy gait.

15. Not heavy or burdensome.

My yoke is easy, and my burden light. Matthew 11.

Eat

EAT, verb transitive pret. ate; pp. eat or eaten. [Saxon hitan, eatan, ytan and etan; Gothic itan; Danish oeder; Swedish ?ta; Dutch eeten, pp. gegeeten; German essen, pp. gegessen; Russian ida, iada, the act of eating; Latin edo, esse, esum; Greek; Welsh ysu; Irish ithim, itheadh; Sanscrit ada. The Dutch and German, with the prefix ge, form the pass. part. gegeeten, gegessen, which indicates that the original was geeten, gessen. Class Gd or Gs, in which there are several roots from which this word may be deduced. Etch is from the same root.]

1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food. Men eat flesh and vegetables.

They shall make thee to eat grass as oxen. Danish iv.

2. To corrode; to wear away; to separate parts of a thing gradually, as an animal by gnawing. We say a cancer eats the flesh.

3. To consume; to waste.

When goods increase, they are increased that eat them. Ecc. v.

4. To enjoy.

If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land. Isaiah 1.

5. To consume; to oppress.

Who eat up my people as they eat bread. Psalm 14.

6. To feast.

Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we shall die. Isaiah 22.

In scripture, to eat the flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nourished by faith.

To eat one's words, is to swallow back; to take back what has been uttered; to retract.

Hudibras.

Eat

EAT, verb intransitive To take food; to feed; to take a meal, or to board.

He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam.

Why eateth your master with publicans and sinners. Matthew 9.

2. To take food; to be maintained in food. To eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to enter by gradually wearing or separating the parts of a substance. A cancer eats into the flesh.

Their word will eat as doth a canker. 2 Timothy 2.

To eat out, to consume.

Their word will eat out the vitals of religion, corrupt and destroy it.

Anon.

Eatable

E'ATABLE, adjective That may be eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent.

Eatable

E'ATABLE, noun Any thing that may be eaten; that which is fit for food; that which is used as food.

Eaten

E'ATEN, pp. ee'tn. Chewed and swallowed; consumed; corroded.

Eater

E'ATER, noun One who eats; that which eats or corrodes; a corrosive.

Eath

EATH, adjective easy, and adverb easily. Obs.

Eating

E'ATING, ppr, Chewing and swallowing; consuming; corroding.

Eating-House

E'ATING-HOUSE, noun A house where provisions are sold ready dressed.

Eaves

EAVES, n. plu. [Saxon efese. In English the word has a plural ending; but not in Saxon.]

The edge or lower border of the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, and casts off the water that falls on the roof.

Eaves-Drop

E'AVES-DROP, verb intransitive [eaves and drop.] To stand under the eaves or near the windows of a house, to listen and learn what is said within doors.

Milton.

Eaves-Dropper

E'AVES-DROPPER, noun One who stands under the eaves or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear what is said within doors, whether from curiosity, or for the purpose of tattling and making mischief.

Shak.

Ebb

EBB, noun [Saxon ebbe, ebba; German and Dutch ebbe; Danish id.; Swedish ebb.]

The reflux of the tide; the return of tidewater towards the sea; opposed to flood or flowing.

2. Decline; decay; a falling from a better to a worse state; as the ebb of life; the ebb of prosperity.

Ebb

EBB, verb intransitive [Saxon ebban; Dutch ebben; Welsh eb, to go from.]

To flow back; to return as the water of a tide towards the ocean; opposed to flow. The tide ebbs and flows twice in twenty four hours.

2. To decay; to decline; to return or fall back from a better to a worse state.

Shak. Halifax.

Ebbing

EBB'ING, participle of the present tense Flowing back; declining; decaying.

Ebbing

EBB'ING, noun The reflux of the tide.

Ebbtide

EBB'TIDE, noun The reflux of tide-water; the retiring tide.

Ebionite

EB'IONITE, noun The Ebionites were heretics who denied the divinity of Christ and rejected many parts of the scriptures.

Ebon

EB'ON, adjective [See Ebony.] Consisting of ebony; like ebony; black.

Ebonize

EB'ONIZE, verb transitive [See Ebony.] To make black or tawny; to tinge with the color of ebony; as, to ebonize the fairest complexion.

Walsh.

Ebony

EB'ONY, noun [Latin ebenus; Greek or; French ebene; Italian and Spanish ebano; Dutch ebbenhout; German ebenholz.]

A species of hard, heavy and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss; said to be brought from Madagascar. The most usual color is black, red or green. The best is a jet black, free from veins and rind, very heavy, astringent and of an acrid pungent taste. On burning coals it yields an agreeable perfume, and when green it readily takes fire from its abundance of fat. It is wrought into toys, and used for mosaic and inlaid work.

Encyc.

Ebony-Tree

EB'ONY-TREE, noun The Ebenus, a small tree constituting a genus, growing in Crete and other isles of the Archipelago.

Encyc.

Ebracteate

EBRAC'TEATE, adjective [e priv. and bractea.] In botany, without a bractea or floral leaf.

Martyn.

Ebriety

EBRI'ETY, noun [Latin ebrietas, from ebrius, intoxicated. It appears by the Spanish embriagar, and the Italian imbriacarsi, that ebrius is contracted by the loss of a palatal, and hence it is obvious that this word is from the Greek, to moisten, to drench. So drunk is from the root of drench.]

Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors.

Brown.

Ebrillade

EBRIL'LADE, noun [French] A check given to a horse, by a sudden jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn.

Ebriosity

EBRIOS'ITY, noun [Latin ebriositas.] Habitual drunkenness.

Brown.

Ebulliency

EBUL'LIENCY, noun [See Ebullition.] A boiling over.

Cudworth.

Ebullient

EBUL'LIENT, adjective Boiling over, as a liquor.

Young.

Ebullition

EBULLI'TION, noun [Latin ebullitio, from ebullio, bullio, to boil, which see.]

1. The operation of boiling; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which throws it up in bubbles; or more properly, the agitation produced in a fluid by the escape of a portion of it, converted into an aeriform state by heat. Ebullition is produced by the heat of fire directly applied, or by the heat or caloric evolved by any substance in mixture. Thus, in slaking lime, the caloric set at liberty by the absorption of water, produces ebullition.

2. Effervescence, which is occasioned by fermentation, or by any other process which causes the extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali.

Ecaudate

ECAU'DATE, adjective [e priv. and Latin cauda, a tail.] In botany, without a tail or spur.

Eccentric

ECCEN'TRIC, or ECCEN'TRICAL, adjective [Latin eccentricus; ex, from, and centrum, center.]

1. Deviating or departing from the center.

2. In geometry, not having the same center; a term applied to circles and spheres which have not the same center, and consequently are not parallel; in opposition to concentric, having a common center.

Encyc.

3. Not terminating in the same point, nor directed by the same principle.

Bacon.

4. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice or established forms or laws; irregular; anomalous; departing from the usual course; as eccentric conduct; eccentric virtue; an eccentric genius.

Eccentric

ECCEN'TRIC, noun A circle not having the same center as another.

Bacon.

2. That which is irregular or anomalous.

Hammond.

Eccentricity

ECCENTRIC'ITY, noun Deviation from a center.

2. The state of having a center different from that of another circle.

Johnson.

3. In astronomy, the distance of the center of a planet's orbit from the center of the sun; that is, the distance between the center of an ellipsis and its focus.

Encyc.

4. Departure or deviation from that which is stated, regular or usual; as the eccentricity of a man's genius or conduct.

5. Excursion from the proper sphere.

Wotton.

Ecchymosis

ECCHYM'OSIS, noun [Greek.] In medicine, an appearance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by extravasated blood.

Wiseman.

Ecclesiastes

ECCLESIAS'TES, noun [Greek] A canonical book of the old testament.

Ecclesiastic

ECCLESIAS'TIC, or ECCLESIAS'TICAL, adjective [Latin; Greek, an assembly or meeting, whence a church, from, to call forth or convoke; and, to call.]

Pertaining or relating to the church; as ecclesiastical discipline or government; ecclesiastical affairs, history or polity; ecclesiastical courts.

Ecclesiastical State, is the body of the clergy.

Ecclesiastic

ECCLESIAS'TIC, noun A person in orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion.

Ecclesiasticus

ECCLESIAS'TICUS, noun A book of the apocrypha.

Eccoprotic

ECCOPROT'IC, adjective [Greek, out or from, and, stercus.]

Having the quality of promoting alvine discharges; laxative; loosening; gently cathartic.

Coxe. Encyc.

Eccoprotic

ECCOPROT'IC, noun A medicine which purges gently, or which tends to promote evacuations by stool; a mild cathartic.

Coxe. Encyc.

Echelon

ECHELON', noun [French, from echelle, a ladder, a scale.]

In military tactics, the position of an army in the form of steps, or with one division more advanced than another.

Wellington.

Echinate

ECH'INATE, or ECH'INATED, adjective [Latin echinus, a hedgehog.] Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; having sharp points; bristled; as an echinated pericarp.

Martyn.

Echinated pyrites, in mineralogy.

Woodward.

Echinite

ECH'INITE, noun [See Echinus.] A fossil found in chalk pits, called centronia; a petrified shell set with prickles or points; a calcarious petrifaction of the echinus or sea-hedgehog.

Encyc. Ure.

Echinus

ECH'INUS, noun [Latin from Greek.] A hedgehog.

2. A shell-fish set with prickles or spines. The Echinus, in natural history, forms a genus of Mollusca. The body is roundish, covered with a bony crust, and often beset with movable prickles. There are several species and some of them eatable.

Encyc.

3. With botanists, a prickly head or top of a plant; an echinated pericarp.

4. In architecture, a member or ornament near the bottom of Ionic, Corinthian or Composite capitals, so named from its roughness, resembling, in some measure, the spiny coat of a hedgehog.

Johnson. Encyc.

Echo

ECH'O, noun [Latin echo; Greek, from, sound, to sound.]

1. A sound reflected or reverberated from a solid body; sound returned; repercussion of sound; as an echo from a distant hill.

The sound must seem an echo to the sense.

Pope.

2. In fabulous history, a nymph, the daughter of the Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound, for love of Narcissus.

Lempriere. Johnson.

3. In architecture, a vault or arch for redoubling sounds.

Encyc.

Echo

ECH'O, verb intransitive To resound; to reflect sound. The hall echoed with acclamations.

2. To be sounded back; as echoing noise.

Blackmore.

Echo

ECH'O, verb transitive To reverberate or send back sound; to return what has been uttered.

Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng.

Dryden.

Echoed

ECH'OED, participle passive Reverberated, as sound.

Echoing

ECH'OING, participle of the present tense Sending back sound; as echoing hills.

Echometer

ECHOM'ETER, noun [Greek, sound, and, measure.]

Among musicians, a scale or rule, with several lines thereon, serving to measure the duration of sounds, and to find their intervals and ratios.

Encyc.

Echometry

ECHOM'ETRY, noun The art or act of measuring the duration of sounds.

2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.

Eclaircise

ECLA'IRCISE, verb transitive [French eclaircir, from clair, clear. See Clear.]

To make clear; to explain; to clear up what is not understood or misunderstood.

Eclaircissement

ECLA'IRCISSEMENT, noun [French] Explanation; the clearing up of any thing not before understood.

Clarendon.

Eclampsy

ECLAMP'SY, noun [Greek, a shining; to shine.]

A flashing of light, a symptom of epilepsy. Hence, epilepsy itself.

Med. Repos.

Eclat

ECLAT, n. eclÃƒ- . [French. The word signifies a bursting forth, a crack, and brightness, splendor; eclater, to split, to crack, to break forth, to shine.]

1. Primarily, a burst of applause; acclamation. Hence, applause; approbation; renown.

2. Splendor; show; pomp.

Pope.

Eclectic

ECLEC'TIC, adjective [Greek; and, to choose.]

Selecting; choosing; an epithet given to certain philosophers of antiquity, who did not attach themselves to any particular sect, but selected from the opinions and principles of each, what they thought solid and good. Hence we say, an eclectic philosopher; the eclectic sect.

Encyc.

Eclectic

ECLEC'TIC, noun A philosopher who selected from the various systems such opinions and principles as he judged to be sound and rational.

Enfield.

2. A christian who adhered to the doctrines of the Eclectics. Also, one of a sect of physicians.

Eclectically

ECLEC'TICALLY, adverb By way of choosing or selecting; in the manner of the eclectical philosophers.

Enfield.

Eclegm

ECLEGM', noun [Greek and.] A medicine made by the incorporation of oils with syrups.

Quincy.

Eclipse

ECLIPSE, n. eclips'. [Latin eclipsis; Greek, defect, from, to fail; and, to leave.]

1. Literally, a defect or failure; hence in astronomy, an interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon or other luminous body. An eclipse of the sun is caused by the intervention of the moon, which totally or partially hides the sun's disk; an eclipse of the moon is occasioned by the shadow of the earth, which falls on it and obscures it in whole or in part, but does not entirely conceal it.

2. Darkness; obscuration. We say, his glory has suffered an eclipse.

All the posterity of our first parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life.

Raleigh.

Eclipse

ECLIPSE, v. t. eclips'. To hide a luminous body in whole or in part and intercept its rays; as, to eclipse the sun or a star.

2. To obscure; to darken, by intercepting the rays of light which render luminous; as, to eclipse the moon.

3. To cloud; to darken; to obscure; as, to eclipse the glory of a hero. Hence,

4. To disgrace.

Milton.

5. To extinguish.

Born to eclipse thy life.

Shak.

Eclipse

ECLIPSE, v. i. eclips'. To suffer an eclipse.

Milton.

Eclipsed

ECLIPS'ED, participle passive Concealed; darkened; obscured; disgraced.

Eclipsing

ECLIPS'ING, participle of the present tense Concealing; obscuring; darkening; clouding.

Ecliptic

ECLIP'TIC, noun [Greek, from, to fail or be defective; Latin eclipticus, linea ecliptica, the ecliptic line, or line in which eclipses are suffered.]

1. A great circle of the sphere supposed to be drawn through the middle of the zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of 23Ã‚-°30', which is the sun's greatest declination. The ecliptic is the apparent path of the sun, but as in reality it is the earth which moves, the ecliptic is the path or way among the fixed stars which the earth in its orbit appears to describe, to an eye placed in the sun.

Harris. Encyc.

2. In geography, a great circle on the terrestrial globe, answering to and falling within the plane of the celestial ecliptic.

Encyc.

Ecliptic

ECLIP'TIC, adjective Pertaining to or described by the ecliptic.

Blackmore.

2. Suffering an eclipse.

Herbert.

Eclogue

EC'LOGUE, n. ec'log. [Greek, choice; to select.]

Literally, a select piece. Hence, in poetry, a pastoral composition, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other, as the eclogues of Virgil; or it is a little elegant composition in a simple natural style and manner. An eclogue differs from an idyllion, in being appropriated to pieces in which shepherds are introduced.

Encyc.

Economic

ECONOM'IC, or ECONOM'ICAL, adjective [See Economy.] Pertaining to the regulation of household concerns; as the economic art.

Davies.

2. Managing domestic or public pecuniary concerns with frugality; as an economical housekeeper; an economical minister or administration.

3. Frugal; regulated by frugality; not wasteful or extravagant; as an economical use of money.

Economically

ECONOM'ICALLY, adverb With economy; with frugality.

Economist

ECON'OMIST, noun One who manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time or labor judiciously, and without waste.

2. One who writes on economy; the writer of a treatise on economy.

Economize

ECON'OMIZE, verb intransitive To manage pecuniary concerns with frugality; to make a prudent use of money, or of the means of saving or acquiring property. It is our duty to economize, in the use of public money, as well as of our own.

Economize

ECON'OMIZE, verb transitive To use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income.

To manage and economize the use of circulating medium.

Walsh.

Economized

ECON'OMIZED, participle passive Used with frugality.

Economizing

ECONOMIZING, participle of the present tense Using with frugality.

Economy

ECON'OMY, noun [Latin oeconomia; Greek; house, and, law, rule.]

1. Primarily, the management, regulation and government of a family or the concerns of a household.

Taylor.

2. The management of pecuniary concerns or the expenditure of money. Hence,

3. A frugal and judicious use of money; that management which expends money to advantage, and incurs no waste; frugality in the necessary expenditure of money. It differs from parsimony, which implies an improper saving of expense. Economy includes also a prudent management of all the means by which property is saved or accumulated; a judicious application of time, of labor, and of the instruments of labor.

4. The disposition or arrangement of any work; as the economy of a poem.

Dryden. B. Jonson.

5. A system of rules, regulations, rites and ceremonies; as the Jewish economy.

The Jews already had a sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to keep, and did keep.

Paley.

6. The regular operations of nature in the generation, nutrition and preservation of animals or plants; as animal economy; vegetable economy.

7. Distribution or due order of things.

Blackmore.

8. Judicious and frugal management of public affairs; as political economy.

9. System of management; general regulation and disposition of the affairs of a state or nation, or of any department of government.

Ecphractic

ECPHRAC'TIC, adjective [Greek and.] In medicine, deobstruent; attenuating.

Ecphractic

ECPHRAC'TIC, noun A medicine which dissolves or attenuates viscid matter, and removes obstructions.

Coxe. Quincy.

Ecstasied

EC'STASIED, adjective [See Ecstasy.] Enraptured; ravished; transported; delighted.

Norris.

Ecstasy

EC'STASY, noun [Greek, from; and, to stand.]

1. Primarily, a fixed state; a trance; a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or as we say, lost; a state in which the functions of the senses are suspended by the contemplation of some extraordinary or supernatural object.

Whether what we call ecstasy be not dreaming with our eyes open, I leave to be examined.

Locke.

2. Excessive joy; rapture; a degree of delight that arrests the whole mind; as a pleasing ecstasy; the ecstasy of love; joy may rise to ecstasy.

3. Enthusiasm; excessive elevation and absorption of mind; extreme delight.

He on the tender grass

Would sit and hearken even to ecstasy.

Milton.

4. Excessive grief or anxiety. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. Madness; distraction. [Not used.]

Shak.

6. In medicine, a species of catalepsy, when the person remembers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during the fit.

Encyc.

Ecstasy

EC'STASY, verb transitive To fill with rapture or enthusiasm.

Ecstatic

ECSTAT'IC, or ECSTAT'ICAL, adjective Arresting the mind; suspending the senses; entrancing.

In pensive trance, and anguish, and ecstatic fit.

Milton.

2. Rapturous; transporting; ravishing; delightful beyond measure; as ecstatic bliss or joy.

3. Tending to external objects. [Not used.]

Norris.

Ectypal

EC'TYPAL, adjective [infra.] Taken from the original.

Ellis.

Ectype

EC'TYPE, noun [Greek.] A copy. [Not used.]

Locke.

Ecumenic

ECUMEN'IC, or ECUMEN'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, the habitable world.]

General; universal; as an ecumenical council.

Ecurie

EC'URIE, noun [French] A stable; a covered place for horses.

Edacious

EDA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin edax, from edo, to eat.] Eating; given to eating; greedy; voracious.

Edacity

EDAC'ITY, noun [Latin edacitas, from edax, edo, to eat.]

Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity.

Bacon.

Edder

ED'DER, noun [Qu. Saxon eder, a hedge.] In husbandry, such wood as is worked into the top of hedge-stakes to bind them together.

Mason.

Edder

ED'DER, verb transitive To bind or make tight by edder; to fasten the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder.

England.

Eddish

ED'DISH, or E'ADISH, noun The latter pasture or grass that comes after mowing or reaping; called also eagrass, earsh, etch. [Not used, I believe, in America.]

Encyc.

Eddoes

ED'DOES, or ED'DERS, noun A name given to a variety of the Arum esculentum, an esculent root.

Mease. Encyc.

Eddy

ED'DY, noun [I find this word in no other language. It is usually considered as a compound of Saxon ed, backward, and ea, water.]

1. A current of water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main stream. Thus a point of land extending into a river, checks the water near the shore, and turns it back or gives it a circular course. The word is applied also to the air or wind moving in a circular direction.

2. A whirlpool; a current of water or air in a circular direction.

And smiling eddies dimpled on the main.

Dryden.

Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play.

Addison.

Eddy

ED'DY, verb intransitive To move circularly, or as an eddy.

Eddy

ED'DY, adjective Whirling; moving circularly.

Dryden.

Eddy-Water

ED'DY-WATER, noun Among seamen, the water which falls back on the rudder of a ship under sail, called dead-water.

Encyc.

Eddy-Wind

ED'DY-WIND, noun The wind returned or beat back from a sail, a mountain or any thing that hinders its passage.

Encyc.

Edelite

ED'ELITE, noun A siliceous stone of a light gray color.

Kirwan.

Edematous

EDEM'ATOUS, adjective [Greek, a tumor; to swell.]

Swelling with a serous humor; dropsical. An edematous tumor is white, soft and insensible.

Quincy.

Eden

E'DEN, noun [Hebrew Chaldee pleasure, delight.]

The country and garden in which Adam and Eve were placed by God himself.

Edenized

E'DENIZED, adjective Admitted into paradise.

Davies.

Edentated

EDEN'TATED, adjective [Latin edentatus, e and dens.] Destitute or deprived of teeth.

Dict.

Edge

EDGE, noun [Saxon ecg; Danish eg; Swedish egg; German ecke, ege; Latin acies, acus; French aigu, whence aiguille, a needle; Greek; Welsh awÃƒ-§, awg, edge.]

1. In a general sense, the extreme border or point of any thing; as the edge of the table; the edge of a book; the edge of cloth. It coincides nearly with border, brink, margin. It is particularly applied to the sharp border, the thin cutting extremity of an instrument, as the edge of an ax, razor, knife or sythe; also, to the point of an instrument, as the edge of a sword.

2. Figuratively, that which cuts or penetrates; that which wounds or injures; as the edge of slander.

Shak.

3. A narrow part rising from a broader.

Some harrow their gronnd over, and then plow it upon an edge.

Mortimer.

4. Sharpness of mind or appetite; keenness; intenseness of desire; fitness for action or operation; as the edge of appetite or hunger.

Silence and solitude set an edge on the genius.

Dryden.

5. Keenness; sharpness; acrimony.

Abate the edge of traitors.

Shak.

To set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensation in the teeth.

Bacon.

Edge

EDGE, verb transitive [Welsh hogi; Saxon eggian; Danish egger.]

1. To sharpen.

To edge her champion's sword.

Dryden.

2. To furnish with an edge.

A sword edged with flint.

Dryden.

3. To border; to fringe.

A long descending train,

With rubies edged.

Dryden.

4. To border; to furnish with an ornamental border; as, to edge a flower-bed with box.

5. To sharpen; to exasperate; to embitter.

By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged.

Hayward.

6. To incite; to provoke; to urge on; to instigate; that is, to push on as with a sharp point; to goad. Ardor or passion will edge a man forward, when arguments fail.

[This, by a strange mistake, has been sometimes written egg, from the Saxon eggian, Danish egger, to incite; the writers not knowing that this verb is from the noun ecg, eg, an edge. The verb ought certainly to follow the noun, and the popular use is correct.]

7. To move sideways; to move by little and little; as, edge your chair along.

Edge

EDGE, verb intransitive To move sideways; to move gradually. Edge along this way.

2. To sail close to the wind.

Dryden.

To edge away, in sailing, is to decline gradually from the shore or from the line of the course.

Mar. Dict.

To edge in with, to draw near to, as a ship in chasing.

Cyc.

Edged

EDG'ED, participle passive Furnished with an edge or border.

2. Incited; instigated.

3. adjective Sharp; keen.

Edgeless

EDGELESS. adjective Not sharp; blunt; obtuse; unfit to cut or penetrate; as an edgeless sword or weapon.

Shak.

Edgetool

EDGETOOL, noun An instrument having a sharp edge.

Moxon.

Edgewise

EDGEWISE, adverb [edge and wise.] With the edge turned forward, or towards a particular point; in the direction of the edge.

2. Sideways; with the side foremost.

Edging

EDG'ING, participle of the present tense Giving an edge; furnishing with an edge.

2. Inciting; urging on; goading; stimulating; instigating.

3. Moving gradually or sideways.

4. Furnishing with a border.

Edging

EDG'ING, noun That which is added on the border, or which forms the edge; as lace, fringe, trimming, added to a garment for ornament.

Bordered with a rosy edging.

Dryden.

2. A narrow lace.

3. In gardening, a row of small plants set along the border of a flower-bed; as an edging of box.

Encyc.

Edible

ED'IBLE, adjective [from Latin edo, to eat.] Eatable; fit to be eaten as food; esculent. Some flesh is not edible.

Bacon.

Edict

E'DICT, noun [Latin edictum, from edico, to utter or proclaim; e and dico, to speak.]

That which is uttered or proclaimed by authority as a rule of action; an order issued by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obedience; a proclamation of command or prohibition. An edict is an order or ordinance of a sovereign prince, intended as a permanent law, or to erect a new office, to establish new duties, or other temporary regulation; as the edicts of the Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch.

Edificant

ED'IFICANT, adjective [infra.] Building. [Little used.]

Edification

EDIFICA'TION, noun [Latin oedificatio. See Edify.]

1. A building up, in a moral and religious sense; instruction; improvement and progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in faith and holiness.

He that prophesieth, speaketh to men to edification. 1 Corinthians 14.

2. Instruction; improvement of the mind in any species of useful knowledge.

Addison.

Edificatory

ED'IFICATORY, adjective Tending to edification

Hall.

Edifice

ED'IFICE, noun [Latin oedificium. See Edify.] A building; a structure; a fabric; but appropriately, a large or splendid building. The word is not applied to a mean building, but to temples, churches or elegant mansion-houses, and to other great structures.

Milton. Addison.

Edificial

EDIFI'CIAL, adjective Pertaining to edifices or to structure.

Edified

ED'IFIED, participle passive Instructed; improved in literary, moral or religious knowledge.

Edifier

ED'IFIER, noun One that improves another by instructing him.

Edify

ED'IFY, verb transitive [Latin oedifico; French edifier; Spanish edificar; Italian edificare; from Latin oedes, a house, and facio, to make.]

1. To build, in a literal sense. [Not now used.]

Spenser.

2. To instruct and improve the mind in knowledge generally, and particularly in moral and religious knowledge, in faith and holiness.

Edify one another. 1 Thessalonians 5.

3. To teach or persuade. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Edifying

ED'IFYING, participle of the present tense Building up in christian knowledge; instructing; improving the mind.

Edifyingly

ED'IFYINGLY, adverb In an edifying manner.

Edile

E'DILE, noun [Latin oedilis, from oedes, a building.]

A Roman magistrate whose chief business was to superintend buildings of all kinds, more especially public edifices, temples, bridges, aqueducts, &c. The ediles had also the care of the highways, public places, weights and measures, &c.

Encyc.

Edileship

E'DILESHIP, noun The office of Edile in ancient Rome.

Gray.

Edit

ED'IT, verb transitive [from Latin edo, to publish; e and do, to give.]

1. Properly, to publish; more usually, to superintend a publication; to prepare a book or paper for the public eye, by writing, correcting or selecting the matter.

Those who know how volumes of the fathers are generally edited.

Christ. Observer.

2. To publish.

Abelard wrote many philosophical treatises which have never been edited.

Enfield.

Edited

ED'ITED, participle passive Published; corrected; prepared and published.

Editing

ED'ITING, participle of the present tense Publishing; preparing for publication.

Edition

EDI'TION, noun [Latin editio, from edo, to publish.]

1. The publication of any book or writing; as the first edition of a new work.

2. Republication, sometimes with revision and correction; as the second edition of a work.

3. Any publication of a book before published; also, one impression or the whole number of copies published at once; as the tenth edition.

Editor

ED'ITOR, noun [Latin from edo, to publish.] A publisher; particularly, a person who superintends an impression of a book; the person who revises, corrects and prepares a book for publication; as Erasmus, Scaliger, &c.

2. One who superintends the publication of a newspaper.

Editorial

EDITO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to an editor, as editorial labors; written by an editor, as editorial remarks.

Editorship

ED'ITORSHIP, noun The business of an editor; the care and superintendence of a publication.

Walsh.

Edituate

EDIT'UATE, verb transitive [Low Latin oedituor, from oedes, a temple or house.]

To defend or govern the house or temple. [Not in use.]

Gregory.

Educate

ED'UCATE, verb transitive [Latin educo, educare; e and duco, to lead; Italian educare; Spanish educar.]

To bring up, as a child; to instruct; to inform and enlighten the understanding; to instill into the mind principles of arts, science, morals, religion and behavior. To educate children well is one of the most important duties of parents and guardians.

Educated

ED'UCATED, participle passive Brought up; instructed; furnished with knowledge or principles; trained; disciplined.

Educating

ED'UCATING, participle of the present tense Instructing; enlightening the understanding, and forming the manners.

Education

EDUCA'TION, noun [Latin educatio.] The bringing up, as of a child; instruction; formation of manners. Education comprehends all that series of instruction and discipline which is intended to enlighten the understanding, correct the temper, and form the manners and habits of youth, and fit them for usefulness in their future stations. To give children a good education in manners, arts and science, is important; to give them a religious education is indispensable; and an immense responsibility rests on parents and guardians who neglect these duties.

Educational

EDUCA'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to education; derived from education; as educational habits.

Smith.

Educator

ED'UCATOR, noun One who educates.

Beddoes.

Educe

EDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin educo, eduxi; e and duco, to lead.]

To bring or draw out; to extract; to produce from a state of occultation.

Th' eternal art educing good from ill.

Pope.

Educed

EDU'CED, participle passive Drawn forth; extracted; produced.

Educing

EDU'CING, participle of the present tense Drawing forth; producing.

Educt

E'DUCT, noun [Latin eductum, from educo.] Extracted matter; that which is educed; that which is brought to light, by separation, analysis or decomposition.

We must consider the educts of its analysis by Bergman, &c.

Kirwan.

Eduction

EDUC'TION, noun The act of drawing out or bringing into view.

Eductor

EDUCT'OR, noun That which brings forth, elicits or extracts.

Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether.

Darwin.

Edulcorate

EDUL'CORATE, verb transitive [Low Latin edulco, from dulcis, sweet; French edulcorer.]

1. To purify; to sweeten. In chimistry, to render substances more mild, by freeing them from acids and salts or other soluble impurities, by washing.

Encyc.

2. To sweeten by adding sugar, sirup, &c.

Encyc.

Edulcorated

EDUL'CORATED, participle passive Sweetened; purified from acid or saline substances, and rendered more mild.

Edulcorating

EDUL'CORATING, participle of the present tense Sweetening; rendering more mild.

Edulcoration

EDULCORA'TION, noun The act of sweetening or rendering more mild, by freeing from acid or saline substances, or from any soluble impurities.

2. The act of sweetening by admixture of some saccharine substance.

Edulcorative

EDUL'CORATIVE, adjective Having the quality of sweetening.

Eek

EEK. [See Eke.]

Eel

EEL, noun [Saxon oel; German aal; Dutch aal; Danish id.; Swedish Ãƒ-¥l; Gypsey, alo; Turk. ilan. The word, in Saxon, is written precisely like awl.]

A species of Muraena, a genus of fishes belonging to the order of apodes. The head is smooth; there are ten rays in the membrane of the gills; the eyes are covered with a common skin; the body is cylindrical and slimy. Eels, in some respects, resemble reptiles, particularly in their manner of moving by a serpentine winding of the body; and they often creep upon land and wander about at night in search of snails or other food. In winter, they lie buried in mud, being very impatient of cold. They grow to the weight of 15 or 20 pounds; and the conger eel is said to grow to a hundred pounds in weight, and to 10 feet in length. They are esteemed good food.

Encyc.

Eel-Fishing

EE'L-FISHING, noun The act or art of catching eels.

Eelpot

EE'LPOT, noun A kind of basket used for catching eels.

Eelpout

EE'LPOUT, noun A species of Gadus, somewhat resembling an eel, but shorter in proportion, seldom exceeding a foot in length. It is a delicate fish.

Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Eelskin

EE'LSKIN, noun The skin of an eel.

Eelspear

EE'LSPEAR, noun A forked instrument used for stabbing eels.

Een

E'EN, contracted from even, which see.

I have e'en done with you.

L'Estrange.

Eff

EFF, noun A lizard.

Effable

EF'FABLE, adjective [Latin effabilis, from effor; ex and for, to speak.]

Utterable; that may be uttered or spoken.

[This word is not used; but ineffable is in common use.]

Efface

EFFA'CE, verb transitive [French effacer, from the Latin ex and facio or facies.]

1. To destroy a figure on the surface of any thing, whether painted or carved, so as to render it invisible or not distinguishable; as, to efface the letters on a monument.

2. To blot out; to erase, strike or scratch out, so as to destroy or render illegible; as, to efface a writing; to efface a name.

3. To destroy any impression on the mind; to wear away; as, to efface the image of a person in the mind; to efface ideas or thoughts; to efface gratitude.

Dryden.

To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.

Effaced

EFFA'CED, participle passive Rubbed or worn out; destroyed, as a figure or impression.

Effacing

EFFA'CING, participle of the present tense Destroying a figure, character or impression, on any thing.

Effect

EFFECT', noun [Latin effectus, from efficio; ex and facio, to make; Italian effetto; French effet.]

1. That which is produced by an agent or cause; as the effect of luxury; the effect of intemperance.

Poverty, disease and disgrace are the natural effects of dissipation.

2. Consequence; event.

To say that a composition is imperfect, is in effect to say the author is a man.

Anon.

3. Purpose; general intent.

They spoke to her to that effect. 2 Chronicles 34.

4. Consequence intended; utility; profit; advantage.

Christ is become of no effect to you. Galatians 5.

5. Force; validity. The obligation is void and of no effect.

6. Completion; perfection.

Not so worthily to be brought to heroical effect by fortune or necessity.

Sidney.

7. Reality; not mere appearance; fact.

No other in effect than what it seems.

Denham.

8. In the plural, effects are goods; movables; personal estate. The people escaped from the town with their effects.

Effect

EFFECT', verb transitive [from the Noun.] To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be. The revolution in France effected a great change of property.

2. To bring to pass; to achieve; to accomplish; as, to effect an object or purpose.

Effected

EFFECT'ED, participle passive Done; performed; accomplished.

Effectible

EFFECT'IBLE, adjective That may be done or achieved; practicable; feasible.

Brown.

Effecting

EFFECT'ING, participle of the present tense Producing; performing; accomplishing.

Effective

EFFECT'IVE, adjective Having the power to cause or produce; efficacious.

They are not effective of any thing.

Bacon.

2. Operative; active; having the quality of producing effects.

Time is not effective, nor are bodies destroyed by it.

Brown.

3. Efficient; causing to be; as an effective cause.

Taylor.

4. Having the power of active operation; able; as effective men in an army; an effective force.

Effectively

EFFECT'IVELY, adverb With effect; powerfully; with real operation.

This effectively resists the devil.

Taylor.

[In this sense, effectually is generally used.]

Effectless

EFFECT'LESS, adjective Without effect; without advantage; useless.

Shak.

Effector

EFFECT'OR, noun One who effects; one who produces or causes; a maker or creator.

Derham.

Effectual

EFFECT'UAL, adjective Producing an effect, or the effect desired or intended; or having adequate power or force to produce the effect. The means employed were effectual.

According to the gift of the grace of God given me by the effectual working of his power. Ephesians 3.

2. Veracious; expressive of facts. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. Effectual assassin, in Mitford, is unusual and not well authorized.

Effectually

EFFECT'UALLY, adverb With effect; efficaciously; in a manner to produce the intended effect; thoroughly. The weeds on land for grain must be effectually subdued. The city is effectually guarded.

Effectuate

EFFECT'UATE, verb transitive [French effectuer. See Effect.]

To bring to pass; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfil; as, to effectuate a purpose or desire.

Sidney.

Effectuated

EFFECT'UATED, participle passive Accomplished.

Effectuating

EFFECT'UATING, participle of the present tense Achieving; performing to effect.

Effeminacy

EFFEM'INACY, noun [from effeminate.] The softness, delicacy and weakness in men, which are characteristic of the female sex, but which in males are deemed a reproach; unmanly delicacy; womanish softness or weakness.

Milton.

2. Voluptuousness; indulgence in unmanly pleasures; lasciviousness.

Taylor.

Effeminate

EFFEM'INATE, adjective [Latin effoeminatus, from effoeminor, to grow or make womanish, from foemina, a woman. See Woman.]

1. Having the qualities of the female sex; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; tender; womanish; voluptuous.

The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor.

Bacon.

2. Womanish; weak; resembling the practice or qualities of the sex; as an effeminate peace; an effeminate life.

3. Womanlike, tender, in a sense not reproachful.

Shak.

Effeminate

EFFEM'INATE, verb transitive To make womanish; to unman; to weaken; as, to effeminate children.

Locke.

Effeminate

EFFEM'INATE, verb intransitive To grow womanish or weak; to melt into weakness.

In a slothful peace courage will effeminate.

Pope.

Effeminately

EFFEM'INATELY, adverb In a womanish manner; weakly; softly.

2. By means of a woman; as effeminately vanquished.

Milton.

Effeminateness

EFFEM'INATENESS, noun Unmanlike softness.

Effemination

EFFEMINA'TION, noun The state of one grown womanish; the state of being weak or unmanly. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Effervesce

EFFERVESCE, v. i. efferves'. [Latin effervesco, from ferveo, to be hot, to rage. See Fervent.]

To be in natural commotion, like liquor when gently boiling; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in an elastic form; to work, as new wine.

Effervescence

EFFERVES'CENCE, noun A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid, which takes place, when some part of the mass flies off in an elastic form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as the effervescence or working of new wine, cider or beer; the effervescence of a carbonate with nitric acid.

Effervescent

EFFERVES'CENT, adjective Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of an elastic fluid.

Encyc.

Effervescible

EFFERVES'CIBLE, adjective That has the quality of effervescing; capable of producing effervescence.

A small quantity of effervescible matter.

Kirwan.

Effervescing

EFFERVES'CING, participle of the present tense Boiling; bubbling, by means of an elastic fluid extricated in the dissolution of bodies.

Effete

EFFE'TE, adjective [Latin effoetus, effetus; ex and foetus, embryo.]

1. Barren; not capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth. An animal becomes effete by losing the power of conception. The earth may be rendered effete, by drouth, or by exhaustion of fertility.

Ray. Bentley.

2. Worn out with age; as effete sensuality.

South.

Efficacious

EFFICA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin efficax, from efficio. See Effect.]

Effectual; productive of effects; producing the effect intended; having power adequate to the purpose intended; powerful; as an efficacious remedy for disease.

Efficaciously

EFFICA'CIOUSLY, adverb Effectually; in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. We say, a remedy has been efficaciously applied.

Efficaciousness

EFFICA'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being efficacious.

Ash.

Efficacy

EF'FICACY, noun [Spanish Italian efficacia; French efficace; from Latin efficax.]

Power to produce effects; production of the effect intended; as the efficacy of the gospel in converting men from sin; the efficacy of prayer; the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of manure in fertilizing land.

Efficience

EFFI'CIENCE, or EFFI'CIENCY, noun [Latin efficiens, from efficio. See Effect.]

1. The act of producing effects; a causing to be or exist; effectual agency.

The manner of this divine efficiency is far above us.

Hooker.

Gravity does not proceed from the efficiency of any contingent or unstable agent.

Woodward.

2. Power of producing the effect intended; active competent power.

Efficient

EFFI'CIENT, adjective Causing effects; producing; that causes any thing to be what it is. The efficient cause is that which produces; the final cause is that for which it is produced.

Efficient

EFFI'CIENT, noun The agent or cause which produces or causes to exist.

2. He that makes.

Efficiently

EFFI'CIENTLY, adverb With effect; effectively.

Effierce

EFFIERCE, v. t. effers'. To make fierce or furious. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Effigy

EF'FIGY, noun [Latin effigies, from effingo, to fashion; ex and fingo, to form or devise; Spanish Italian French effigie. See Feign.]

1. The image or likeness of a person; resemblance; representation; any substance fashioned into the shape of a person.

2. Portrait; likeness; figure, in sculpture or painting.

3. On coins, the print or impression representing the head of the prince who struck the coin.

To burn or hang in effigy, is to burn or hang an image or picture of the person intended to be executed, disgraced or degraded. In France, when a criminal cannot be apprehended, his picture is hung on a gallows or gibbet, at the bottom of which is written his sentence of condemnation.

Encyc.

Efflate

EFFLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin efflo.] To fill with breath or air. [Little used.]

Effloresce

EFFLORESCE, v. t. efflores'. [Latin effloresco, from floresco, floreo, to blossom, flos, a flower. See Flower.]

1. In chimistry, to form a mealy powder on the surface; to become pulverulent or dusty on the surface. Substances effloresce by losing their water of crystalization.

Those salts whose crystals effloresce, belong to the class which is most soluble, and crystalizes by cooling.

Fourcroy.

2. To form saline vegetation on the surface; or rather to shoot out minute spicular crystals; as the efflorescencc of salts on plaster.

Efflorescence

EFFLORES'CENCE, noun In botany, the time of flowering; the season when a plant shows its first blossoms.

Martyn.

2. Among physicians, a redness of the skin; eruptions; as in rash, measles, small pox, scarlatina, &c.

3. In chimistry, the formation of small white threads, resembling the sublimated matter called flowers, on the surface of certain bodies, as salts. This is properly a shooting out of minute spicular crystals, called sometimes a saline vegetation, as that of the sulphate of magnesia on the deserts of Siberia, and of natron in Egypt. In butter much salted, the salt shoots in spiculae, and an efflorescence is often seen on walls formed with plaster. In some species of salts, as in sulphate and carbonate of soda, the efflorescence consists of a fine white dust. This kind of efflorescence is the contrary of deliquescence. In the latter, the saline crystals decompose the air, or rather abstract moisture from it; in the former, the atmosphere decomposes the saline crystals, and the water of crystalization is abstracted from the salts.

Fourcroy. Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Efflorescent

EFFLORES'CENT, adjective Shooting into white threads or spiculae; forming a white dust on the surface.

Fourcroy.

Effluence

EF'FLUENCE, noun [Latin effluens, effluo; ex and fluo, to flow. See Flow.]

A flowing out; that which flows or issues from any body or substance.

Bright effluence of bright essence increate.

Milton.

Effluvium

EFFLU'VIUM, noun plu. effluvia. [Latin from effluo, to flow out. See Flow.]

The minute and often invisible particles which exhale from most, if not all terrestrial bodies, such as the odor or smell of plants, and the noxious exhalations from diseased bodies or putrefying animal or vegetable substances.

Efflux

EF'FLUX, noun [Latin effluxus, from effluo, to flow out.]

1. The act of flowing out, or issuing in a stream; as an efflux of matter from an ulcer.

Harvey.

2. Effusion; flow; as the first efflux of men's piety.

Hammond.

3. That which flows out; emanation.

LightÃ‚--efflux divine.

Thomson.

Efflux

EFFLUX', verb intransitive To run or flow away. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Effluxion

EFFLUX'ION, noun [Latin effluxum, from effluo.]

1. The act of flowing out.

Brown.

2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation.

Bacon.

Efforce

EFFO'RCE, verb transitive [French efforcer, from force.]

1. To force; to break through by violence.

Spenser.

2. To force; to ravish.

Spenser.

3. To strain; to exert with effort.

Spenser.

[This word is now rarely used; perhaps never, except in poetry. We now use force.]

Efform

EFFORM', verb transitive [from form.] To fashion; to shape.

Taylor.

[For this we now use form.]

Efformation

EFFORMA'TION, noun The act of giving shape or form.

Ray.

[We now use formation.]

Effort

EF'FORT, noun [French effort; Italian sforzo; from fort, strong, Latin fortis. See Force.]

A straining; an exertion of strength; endeavor; strenuous exertion to accomplish an object; applicable to physical or intellectual power. The army, by great efforts, scaled the walls. Distinction in science is gained by continued efforts of the mind.

Effossion

EFFOS'SION, noun [Latin effossus, from effodio, to dig out.]

The act of digging out of the earth; as the effossion of coins.

Arbuthnot.

Effray

EFFRA'Y, verb transitive [French effrayer.] To frighten. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Effrayable

EFFRA'YABLE, adjective Frightful; dreadful. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Effrenation

EFFRENA'TION, noun [Latin effroenatio, from froenum, a rein.]

Unbridled rashness or licence; unruliness. [Not in use.]

Effrontery

EFFRONT'ERY, noun [French effronterie, from front.] Impudence; assurance; shameless boldness; sauciness; boldness transgressing the bounds of modesty and decorum. Effrontery is a sure mark of ill-breeding.

Effulge

EFFULGE, v. i. effulj'. [Latin effulgeo; ex and fulgeo, to shine.]

To send forth a flood of light; to shine with splendor.

Effulgence

EFFUL'GENCE, noun A flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor; as the effulgence of divine glory. It is a word of superlative signification, and applied, with peculiar propriety, to the sun and to the Supreme Being.

Effulgent

EFFUL'GENT, adjective Shining; bright; splendid; diffusing a flood of light; as the effulgent sun.

Effulging

EFFUL'GING, participle of the present tense Sending out a flood of light.

Savage.

Effumability

EFFUMABIL'ITY, noun The quality of flying off in fumes or vapor.

Boyle.

Effume

EFFU'ME, verb transitive To breathe out. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Effuse

EFFU'SE, v. t. effu'ze. [Latin effusus, from effundo; ex and fundo, to pour.]

To pour out as a fluid; to spill; to shed.

With gushing blood effused.

Milton.

Effuse

EFFU'SE, adjective Dissipated; profuse. [Not in use.]

Richardson.

Effused

EFFU'SED, pp. effu'zed. Poured out; shed.

Effusing

EFFU'SING, ppr. effu'zing. Pouring out; shedding.

Effusion

EFFU'SION, n. effu'zhon. The act of pouring out as a liquid.

2. The act of pouring out; a shedding or spilling; waste; as the effusion of blood.

3. The pouring out of words.

Hooker.

4. The act of pouring out or bestowing divine influence; as the effusions of the Holy Spirit; effusions of grace.

5. That which is poured out.

Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than snow.

King Charles.

6. Liberal donation. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Effusive

EFFU'SIVE, adjective Pouring out; that pours forth largely.

Th' effusive south.

Thomson.

Eft

EFT, noun [Saxon efeta.] A newt; an evet; the common lizard.

Encyc.

Eft

EFT, adverb [Saxon] After; again; soon; quickly. Obs.

Spenser.

Eftsoons

EFTSOONS', adverb [Saxon eft, after, and sona, sones, soon.] Soon afterwards; in a short time. Obs.

Spenser.

E. German

E. German [exempli gratia.] For the sake of an example; for instance.

Egad

EGAD', exclamation Qu. Chaldee a lucky star, good fortune, as we say, my stars!

Eger

E'GER or E'AGRE, noun An impetuous flood; an irregular tide.

Brown.

Egeran

E'GERAN, noun [from Eger, in Bohemia.]

A subspecies of pyramidical garnet, of a reddish brown color. It occurs massive or crystalized.

Ure.

Egerminate

EGERM'INATE. [Not used. See Germinate.]

Egest

EGEST', verb transitive [Latin egestum, from egero.] To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement.

Bacon.

Egestion

EGES'TION, noun [Latin egestio.] The act of voiding digested matter at the natural vent.

Hale.

Egg

EGG, noun [Saxon oeg; German and Dutch ei; Swedish ?gg; Danish eg. Qu. Latin ovum, by a change of g into v. Welsh wy; Armoric oy; Irish ugh; Russian ikra, eggs, and the fat or calf of the leg.]

A body formed in the females of fowls and certain other animals, containing an embryo or fetus of the same species, or the substance from which a like animal is produced. The eggs of fowls when laid are covered with a shell, and within is the white or albumen, which incloses the yelk or yellow substance. The eggs of fish and some other animals are united by a viscous substance, and called spawn. Most insects are oviparous.

Egg, to incite, is a mere blunder. [See Edge.]

Eggbird

EGG'BIRD, noun A fowl, a species of tern.

Cook's Voyages.

Egilopical

EGILOP'ICAL, adjective Affected with the egilops.

Egilops

E'GILOPS, noun [Greek.] Goat's eye; an abscess in the inner canthus of the eye; fistula lachrymalis.

Coxe.

Eglandulous

EGLAND'ULOUS, adjective [e neg. and glandalous. See Gland.] Destitute of glands.

Eglantine

EG'LANTINE, noun [French eglantier; Dutch egelantier.] A species of rose; the sweet brier; a plant bearing an odoriferous flower.

Egoist

E'GOIST, noun [from Latin ego, I.] A name given to certain followers of Des Cartes, who held the opinion that they were uncertain of every thing except their own existence and the operations and ideas of their own minds.

Reid.

Egoity

EGO'ITY, noun Personality. [Not authorized.]

Swift.

Egotism

E'GOTISM, noun [French egoisme; Spanish egoismo; from Latin ego, I.]

Primarily, the practice of too frequently using the word I. Hence, a speaking or writing much of one's self; self-praise; self-commendation; the act or practice of magnifying one's self, or making one's self of importance.

Spectator.

A deplorable egotism of character.

Dwight on Dueling.

Egotist

E'GOTIST, noun One who repeats the word I very often in conversation or writing; one who speaks much of himself, or magnifies his own achievements; one who makes himself the hero of every tale.

Egotistic

EGOTIST'IC, adjective Addicted to egotism.

2. Containing egotism.

Egotize

E'GOTIZE, verb intransitive To talk or write much of one's self; to make pretensions to self-importance.

Egregious

EGRE'GIOUS, adjective [Latin egregius, supposed to be from e or ex grege, from or out of or beyond the herd, select, choice.]

1. Eminent; remarkable; extraordinary; distinguished; as egregious exploits; an egregious prince. But in this sense it is seldom applied to persons.

2. In a bad sense, great; extraordinary; remarkable; enormous; as an egregious mistake; egregious contempt. In this sense it is often applied to persons; as an egregious rascal; an egregious murderer.

Egregiously

EGRE'GIOUSLY, adverb Greatly; enormously; shamefully; usually in a bad sense; as, he is egregiously mistaken; they were egregiously cheated.

Egregiousness

EGRE'GIOUSNESS, noun The state of being great or extraordinary.

Egress

E'GRESS, noun [Latin egressus, from egredior; e and gradior, to step, Swedish resa, Danish rejser.]

The act of going or issuing out, or the power of departing from any inclosed or confined place.

Gates of burning adamant,

Barr'd over us, prohibit all egress.

Milton.

Egression

EGRES'SION, noun [Latin egressio.] The act of going out from any inclosure or place of confinement.

Pope.

Egret

E'GRET, noun [French aigrette.] The lesser white heron, a fowl of the genus Ardea; an elegant fowl with a white body and a crest on the head.

Encyc.

2. In botany, the flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds, as the down of the thistle.

Egriot

E'GRIOT, noun [French aigre, sour.] A kind of sour cherry.

Bacon.

Egyptian

EGYP'TIAN, adjective [from Egypt, Greek; supposed to be so called from the name Coptos, a principal town, from gupta, guarded, fortified. Asiat. Res. iii. 304. 335.

So Mesr, Mazor, Hebrew, whence Misraim, signifies a fortress, from to bind or inclose.] Pertaining to Egypt in Africa.

Egyptian

EGYP'TIAN, noun A native of Egypt; also, a gypsey.

Blackstone.

Eider

EI'DER, noun [German Swedish eider.] A species of duck.

Eider-Down

EI'DER-DOWN, noun Down or soft feathers of the eider duck.

Eigh

EIGH, exclamation An expression of sudden delight.

Eight

EIGHT, a. ait. [Saxon oehta, eahta or ehta; German acht; Dutch agt; Swedish otta; Danish otte; Gothic ahtau; Latin octo; Greek; Italian otto; Spanish ocho; Portugese oito; French huit; Armoric eih or eiz; Irish ocht; Welsh uyth or wyth; Cornish eath; Gypsey, ochto; Hindoo, aute.]

Twice four; expressing the number twice four. Four and four make eight.

Eighteen

EIGHTEEN, a. Ãƒ-¡teen. Eight and ten united.

Eighteenth

EIGHTEENTH, a. Ãƒ-¡teenth. The next in order after the seventeenth.

Eightfold

EIGHTFOLD, a. Ãƒ-¡tefold. Eight times the number or quantity.

Eighth

EIGHTH, a. aitth. Noting the number eight; the number next after seven; the ordinal of eight.

Eighth

EIGHTH, noun In music, an interval composed of five tones and two semitones.

Encyc.

Eighthly

EIGHTHLY, adv. aitthly. In the eighth place.

Eightieth

EIGHTIETH, a. Ãƒ-¡tieth. [from eighty.] The next in order to the seventy ninth; the eighth tenth.

Eightscore

EIGHTSCORE, adjective or n. Ãƒ-¡tescore. [eight and score; score is a notch noting twenty.] Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.

Eighty

EIGHTY, a. Ãƒ-¡ty. Eight times ten; four-score.

Eigne

EIGNE, adjective [Norm. aisne.] Eldest; an epithet used in law to denote the eldest son; as bastard eigne.

Blackstone.

2. Unalienable; entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Eisel

E'ISEL, noun [Saxon] Vinegar. [Not in use.]

More.

Eisenrahm

EI'SENRAHM, noun [German iron-cream.] The red and brown eisenrahm, the scaly red and brown hematite.

Cleaveland.

Either

E'ITHER, adjective or pron. [Saxon oegther, egther; Dutch yder; German jeder; Irish ceachtar. This word seems to be compound, and the first syllable to be the same as each. So Saxon oeghwoer, each where, every where. Saxon Chron. An. 1114. 1118.]

1. One or another of any number. Here are ten oranges; take either orange of the whole number, or take either of them. In the last phrase, either stands as a pronoun or substitute.

2. One of two. This sense is included in the foregoing.

Lepidus flatters both,

Of both is flattered; but he neither loves,

Nor either cares for him.

Shak.

3. Each; every one separately considered.

On either side of the river. Revelation 22.

4. This word, when applied to sentences or propositions, is called a distributive or a conjunction. It precedes the first of two or more alternatives, and is answered by or before the second, or succeeding alternatives.

Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he sleepeth. 1 Kings 18.

In this sentence, either refers to each of the succeeding clauses of the sentence.

Ejaculate

EJAC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin ejaculor, from jaculor, to throw or dart, jaculum, a dart, from jacio, to throw.]

To throw out; to cast; to shoot; to dart; as rays of light ejaculated.

Blackmore.

It is now seldom used, except to express the utterance of a short prayer; as, he ejaculated a few words.

Ejaculation

EJACULA'TION, noun The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight; as the ejaculation of light.

Bacon.

[This sense is nearly obsolete.]

2. The uttering of a short prayer; or a short occasional prayer uttered.

Taylor.

Ejaculatory

EJAC'ULATORY, adjective Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as an ejaculatory prayer or petition.

2. Sudden; hasty; as ejaculatory repentance.

L'Estrange.

3. Casting; throwing out.

Eject

EJECT', verb transitive [Latin ejicio, ejectum; e and jacio, to throw, French jeter, Latin jacto.]

1. To throw out; to cast forth; to thrust out, as from a place inclosed or confined.

Sandys. South.

2. To discharge through the natural passages or emunctories; to evacuate.

Encyc.

3. To throw out or expel from an office; to dismiss from an office; to turn out; as, to eject a clergyman.

4. To dispossess of land or estate.

5. To drive away; to expel; to dismiss with hatred.

Shak.

6. To cast away; to reject; to banish; as, to eject words from a language.

Swift.

Ejected

EJECT'ED, participle passive Thrown out; thrust out; discharged; evacuated; expelled; dismissed; dispossessed; rejected.

Ejecting

EJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Casting out; discharging; evacuating; expelling; dispossessing; rejecting.

Ejection

EJEC'TION, noun [Latin ejectio.] The act of casting out; expulsion.

2. Dismission from office.

3. Dispossession; a turning out from possession by force or authority.

4. The discharge of any excrementitious matter through the pores or other emunctories; evacuation; vomiting.

5. Rejection.

Ejectment

EJECT'MENT, noun Literally, a casting out; a dispossession.

2. In law, a writ or action which lies for the recovery of possession of land from which the owner has been ejected, and for trial of title. Ejectment may be brought by the lessor against the lessee for rent in arrear, or for holding over his term; also by the lessee for years, who has been ejected before the expiration of his term.

Encyc.

Ejector

EJECT'OR, noun One who ejects or dispossesses another of his land.

Blackstone.

Ejulation

EJULA'TION, noun [Latin ejulatio, from ejulo, to cry, to yell, to wail. Perhaps j represents g, and this word may be radically one with yell, Saxon giellan, gyllan.]

Outcry; a wailing; a loud cry expressive of grief or pain; mourning; lamentation.

Philips.

Eke

EKE, verb transitive [Saxon eacan; Swedish ?ka; Danish Ãƒ-¶ger. The primary sense is to add, or to stretch, extend, increase. Qu. Latin augeo. The latter seems to be the to wax.]

1. To increase; to enlarge; as, to eke a store of provisions.

Spenser.

2. To add to; to supply what is wanted; to enlarge by addition; sometimes with out; as, to eke or eke out a piece of cloth; to eke out a performance.

Pope.

3. To lengthen; to prolong; as, to eke out the time.

Shak.

Eke

EKE, adverb [Saxon eac; Dutch ook; German auch; Swedish och; Danish og; Welsh ac; Latin ac, and, also. This seems to be the same word as the verb, and to denote, add, join, or addition. Chaldee to join.]

Also; likewise; in addition.

'Twill be prodigious hard to prove,

That this is eke the throne of love.

Prior.

[This word is nearly obsolete, being used only in poetry of the familiar and ludicrous kind.]

Ekebergite

EKEBERG'ITE, noun [from Ekeberg.] A mineral, supposed to be a variety of scapolite.

Cleaveland.

Eked

E'KED, participle passive Increased; lengthened.

Eking

E'KING, participle of the present tense Increasing; augmenting; lengthening.

Eking

E'KING, noun Increase or addition.

Elaborate

ELAB'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin elaboro, from laboro, labor. See Labor.]

1. To produce with labor.

They in full joy elaborate a sigh.

Young.

2. To improve or refine by successive operations. The heat of the sun elaborates the juices of plants and renders the fruit more perfect.

Elaborate

ELAB'ORATE, adjective [Latin elaboratus.] Wrought with labor; finished with great diligence; studied; executed with exactness; as an elaborate discourse; an elaborate performance.

Drawn to the life in each elaborate page.

Walter.

Elaborated

ELAB'ORATED, participle passive Produced with labor or study; improved.

Elaborately

ELAB'ORATELY, adverb With great labor or study; with nice regard to exactness.

Elaborateness

ELAB'ORATENESS, noun The quality of being elaborate or wrought with great labor.

Johnson.

Elaborating

ELAB'ORATING, participle of the present tense Producing with labor; improving; refining by successive operations.

Elaboration

ELABORA'TION, noun Improvement or refinement by successive operations.

Ray.

Elain

ELA'IN, noun [Greek, oily.] The oily or liquid principle of oils and fats.

Chevreul.

Elamping

ELAMP'ING, adjective [See Lamp.] Shining. [Not in use.]

Elance

EL'ANCE, verb transitive [French elancer, lancer, from lance or its root.] To throw or shoot; to hurl; to dart.

While thy unerring hand elancedÃ‚--a dart.

Prior.

Eland

E'LAND, noun A species of heavy, clumsy antelope in Africa.

Barrow.

Elaolite

ELA'OLITE, noun [Greek, an olive.] A mineral, called also fettstein [fat-stone] from its greasy appearance. It has a crystaline structure, more or less distinctly foliated in directions parallel to the sides of a rhombic prism, and also in the direction of the shorter diagonals of the bases. Its fracture is uneven, and sometimes imperfectly conchoidal. Some varieties are slightly chatoyant. It is fusible by the blow-pipe into a white enamel. Its colors are greenish or bluish gray, greenish blue and flesh red, and it is more or less translucent.

Cleaveland.

Elapse

ELAPSE, v. i. elaps'. [Latin elapsus, from elabor, labor, to slide.]

To slide away; to slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; applied chiefly or wholly to time.

[Instead of elapse, the noun, we use lapse.]

Elapsed

ELAPS'ED, participle passive Slid or passed away, as time.

Elapsing

ELAPS'ING, participle of the present tense Sliding away; gliding or passing away silently, as time.

Elastic

ELAS'TIC, or ELAS'TICAL, adjective [from the Greek, to impel, or, or, to drive; French elastique; Italian Spanish elastico.]

Springing back; having the power of returning to the form from which it is bent, extended, pressed or distorted; having the inherent property of recovering its former figure, after any external pressure, which has altered that figure, is removed; rebounding; flying back. Thus a bow is elastic, and when the force which bends it is removed, it instantly returns to its former shape. The air is elastic; vapors are elastic; and when the force compressing them is removed, they instantly expand or dilate, and recover their former state.

Elastically

ELAS'TICALLY, adverb In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring.

Lee.

Elasticity

ELASTIC'ITY, noun The inherent property in bodies by which they recover their former figure or state, after external pressure, tension or distortion. Thus elastic gum, extended, will contract to its natural dimensions, when the force is removed. Air, when compressed, will, on the removal of the compressing force, instantly dilate and fill its former space.

Elate

ELA'TE, adjective [Latin elatus.] Raised; elevated in mind; flushed, as with success. Whence, lofty; haughty; as elate with victory. [It is used chiefly in poetry.]

Elate

ELA'TE, verb transitive To raise or swell, as the mind or spirits; to elevate with success; to puff up; to make proud.

2. To raise; to exalt. [Unusual.]

Thomson.

Elated

ELA'TED, participle passive Elevated in mind or spirits; puffed up, as with honor, success or prosperity. We say, elated with success; elated with pride. [This is used in prose.]

Elatedly

ELA'TEDLY, adverb With elation.

Elaterium

ELATE'RIUM, noun A substance deposited from the very acrid juice of the Momordica elaterium, wild cucumber. It is in thin cakes of a greenish color and bitter taste, and is a powerful cathartic.

Webster's Manual.

Elatery

EL'ATERY, noun [Greek.] Acting force or elasticity; as the elatery of the air. [Unusual.]

Ray.

Elatin

EL'ATIN, noun The active principle of the elaterium, from which the latter is supposed to derive its cathartic power.

Webster's Manual.

Elation

ELA'TION, noun An inflation or elevation of mind proceding from self-approbation; self-esteem, vanity or pride, resulting from success. Hence, haughtiness; pride of prosperity.

Atterbury.

Elbow

EL'BOW, noun [Saxon elnboga, or elneboga; ulna, the arm, the ell, and boga, bow; contracted into elboga, elbow; German elbogen; Dutch elleboog; Scot. elbock, elbuck.]

1. The outer angle made by the bend of the arm.

Encyc.

The wings that waft our riches out of sight

Grow on the gamester's elbows.

Cowper.

2. Any flexure or angle; the obtuse angle of a wall, building or road.

Encyc.

To be at the elbow, is to be very near; to be by the side; to be at hand.

Elbow

EL'BOW, verb transitive To push with the elbow.

Dryden.

2. To push or drive to a distance; to encroach on.

He'll elbow out his neighbors.

Dryden.

Elbow

EL'BOW, verb intransitive To jut into an angle; to project; to bend.

Elbow-Chair

EL'BOW-CHAIR, noun A chair with arms to support the elbows; an arm-chair.

Gay.

Elbow-Room

EL'BOW-ROOM, noun Room to extend the elbows on each side; hence, in its usual acceptation, perfect freedom from confinement; ample room for motion or action.

South. Shak.

Eld

ELD, noun [Saxon eld, or oeld, old age. See Old.] Old age; decrepitude. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Old people; persons worn out with age.

Chapman.

[This word is entirely obsolete. But its derivative elder is in use.]

Elder

ELD'ER, adjective [Saxon ealdor, the comparative degree of eld, now written old. See Old.]

1. Older; senior; having lived a longer time; born, produced or formed before something else; opposed to younger.

The elder shall serve the younger. Genesis 25.

His elder son was in the field. Luke 15.

2. Prior in origin; preceding in the date of a commission; as an elder officer or magistrate. In this sense, we generally use senior.

Elder

ELD'ER, noun One who is older than another or others.

2. An ancestor.

Carry your head as your elders have done before you.

L'Estrange.

3. A person advanced in life, and who, on account of his age, experience and wisdom, is selected for office. Among rude nations, elderly men are rulers, judges, magistrates or counselors. Among the Jews, the seventy men associated with Moses in the government of the people, were elders. In the first christian churches, elders were persons who enjoyed offices or ecclesiastical functions, and the word includes apostles, pastors, teachers, presbyters, bishops or overseers. Peter and John 100all themselves elders. The first councils of christians were called presbyteria, councils of elders.

In the modern presbyterian churches, elders are officers who, with the pastors or ministers and deacons, compose the consistories or kirk-sessions, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline.

In the first churches of New England, the pastors or ministers were called elders or teaching elders.

Elder

ELD'ER, noun [Saxon ellarn; Swedish hyll or hylletr?; Danish hyld or hylde-troe; German holder or hohlunder. It seems to be named from hollowness.]

A tree or genus of trees, the Sambucus, of several species. The common elder of America bears black berries. Some species bear red berries. The stem and branches contain a soft pith.

Elderly

ELD'ERLY, adjective Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; as elderly people.

Eldership

ELD'ERSHIP, noun Seniority; the state of being older.

Dryden.

2. The office of an elder.

Eliot.

3. Presbytery; order of elders.

Hooker.

Eldest

ELD'EST, adjective [Saxon ealdest, superlative of eld, old.]

Oldest; most advanced in age; that was born before others; as the eldest son or daughter. It seems to be always applied to persons or at least to animals, and not to things. If ever applied to things, it must signify, that was first formed or produced, that has existed the longest time. But applied to things we use oldest.

Elding

ELD'ING, noun [Saxon oelan, to burn.] Fuel. [Local.]

Grose.

Eleatic

ELEAT'IC, adjective An epithet given to a certain sect of philosophers, so called from Elea, or Velia, a town of the Lucani; as the Eleatic sect or philosophy.

Encyc.

Elecampane

ELECAMPA'NE, noun [Dutch alant; German alant or alantwurzel; Latin helenium, from Greek, which signifies this plant and a feast in honor of Helen. Pliny informs us that this plant was so called because it was said to have sprung from the tears of Helen. The last part of the word is from the Latin campana; inula campana.]

A genus of plants, the Inula, of many species. The common elecampane has a perennial, thick, branching root, of a strong odor, and is used in medicine. It is sometimes called yellow star-wort. The Germans are said to candy the root, like ginger, calling it German spice.

Encyc. Hill.

Elect

ELECT', verb transitive [Latin electus, from eligo; e or ex and lego, Greek, to choose; French elire, from eligere; Italian eleggere; Spanish elegir; Portugese eleger.]

1. Properly, to pick out; to select from among two or more, that which is preferred. Hence,

2. To select or take for an office or employment; to choose from among a number; to select or manifest preference by vote or designation; as, to elect a representative by ballot or viva voce; to elect a president or governor.

3. In theology, to designate, choose or select as an object of mercy or favor.

4. To choose; to prefer; to determine in favor of.

Elect

ELECT', adjective Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. Hence,

2. In theology, chosen as the object of mercy; chosen, selected or designated to eternal life; predestinated in the divine counsels.

3. Chosen, but not inaugurated, consecrated or invested with office; as bishop elect; emperor elect; governor or mayor

elect. But in the scriptures, and in theology, this word is generally used as a noun.

Elect

ELECT', noun One chosen or set apart; applied to Christ.

Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth. ls.xii.

2. Chosen or designated by God to salvation; predestinated to glory as the end, and to sanctification as the means; usually with a plural signification, the elect.

Shall not God avenge his own elect? Luke 18.

If it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. Matthew 24.

He shall send his angelsÃ‚--and they shall gather his elect from the four winds. Matthew 24.

3. Chosen; selected; set apart as a peculiar church and people; applied to the Israelites. Isaiah 45.

Elected

ELECT'ED, participle passive Chosen; preferred; designated to office by some act of the constituents, as by vote; chosen or predestinated to eternal life.

Electing

ELECT'ING, participle of the present tense Choosing; selecting from a number; preferring; designating to office by choice or preference; designating or predestinating to eternal salvation.

Election

ELEC'TION, noun [Latin electio.] The act of choosing; choice; the act of selecting one or more from others. Hence appropriately,

2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office or employment, by any manifestation of preference, as by ballot, uplifted hands or viva voce; as the election of a king, of a president, or a mayor.

Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.

J. Adams.

3. Choice; voluntary preference; free will; liberty to act or not. It is at his election to accept or refuse.

4. Power of choosing or selecting.

Davies.

5. Discernment; discrimination; distinction.

To use men with much difference and election is good.

Bacon.

6. In theology, divine choice; predetermination of God, by which persons are distinguished as objects of mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified and prepared for heaven.

There is a remnant according to the election of grace. Romans 11.

7. The public choice of officers.

8. The day of a public choice of officers.

9. Those who are elected.

The election hath obtained it. Romans 11.

Electioneer

ELECTIONEE'R, verb intransitive To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts for securing the election of a candidate.

Electioneering

ELECTIONEE'RING, participle of the present tense Using influence to procure the election of a person.

Electioneering

ELECTIONEE'RING, noun The arts or practices used for securing the choice of one to office.

Elective

ELECT'IVE, adjective Dependent on choice, as an elective monarchy, in which the king is raised to the throne by election; opposed to hereditary.

2. Bestowed or passing by election; as an office is elective.

3. Pertaining to or consisting in choice or right of choosing; as elective franchise.

4. Exerting the power of choice; as an elective act.

5. Selecting for combination; as elective attraction, which is a tendency in bodies to unite with certain kinds of matter in preference to others.

Electively

ELECT'IVELY, adverb By choice; with preference of one to another.

Elector

ELECT'OR, noun One who elects, or one who has the right of choice; a person who has, by law or constitution, the right of voting for an officer. In free governments, the people or such of them as possess certain qualifications of age, character and property, are the electors of their representatives, &c., in parliament, assembly, or other legislative body. In the United States, certain persons are appointed or chosen to be electors of the president or chief magistrate. In Germany, certain princes were formerly electors of the emperor, and elector was one of their titles, as the elector of Saxony.

Electoral

ELECT'ORAL, adjective Pertaining to election or electors. The electoral college in Germany consisted of all the electors of the empire, being nine in number, six secular princes and three archbishops.

Electorality

ELECTORAL'ITY, for electorate, is not used.

Electorate

ELECT'ORATE, noun The dignity of an elector in the German empire.

2. The territory of an elector in the German empire.

Electre

ELEC'TRE, noun [Latin electrum.] Amber. [Bacon used this word for a compound or mixed metal. But the word is not now used.]

Electress

ELECT'RESS, noun The wife or widow of an elector in the German empire.

Chesterfield.

Electric

ELEC'TRIC, or ELEC'TRICAL, a [French electrique; Italian elettrico; Spanish electrico; from Latin electrum, Greek, amber.]

1. Containing electricity, or capable of exhibiting it when excited by friction; as an electric body, such as amber and glass; an electric substance.

2. In general, pertaining to electricity; as electric power or virtue; electric attraction or repulsion; electric fluid.

3. Derived from or produced by electricity; as electrical effects; electric vapor; electric shock.

4. Communicating a shock like electricity; as the electric eel or fish.

Electric

ELEC'TRIC, noun Any body or substance capable of exhibiting electricity by means of friction or otherwise, and of resisting the passage of it from one body to another. Hence an electric is called a non-conductor, an electric per se. Such are amber, glass, rosin, wax, gum-lac, sulphur, &c.

Electrically

ELEC'TRICALLY, adverb In the manner of electricity, or by means of it.

Electrician

ELECTRI'CIAN, noun A person who studies electricity, and investigates its properties, by observation and experiments; one versed in the science of electricity.

Electricity

ELECTRIC'ITY, noun The operations of a very subtil fluid, which appears to be diffused through most bodies, remarkable for the rapidity of its motion, and one of the most powerful agents in nature. The name is given to the operations of this fluid, and to the fluid itself. As it exists in bodies, it is denominated a property of those bodies, though it may be a distinct substance, invisible, intangible and imponderable. When an electric body is rubbed with a soft dry substance, as with woolen cloth, silk or fur, it attracts or repels light substances, at a greater or less distance, according to the strength of the electric virtue; and the friction may be continued, or increased, till the electric body will emit sparks or flashes resembling fire, accompanied with a sharp sound. When the electric fluid passes from cloud to cloud, from the clouds to the earth, or from the earth to the clouds, it is called lightning, and produces thunder. Bodies which, when rubbed, exhibit this property, are called electrics or non-conductors. Bodies, which, when excited, do not exhibit this property, as water and metals, are called non-electrics or conductors, as they readily convey electricity from one body to another, at any distance, and such is the rapidity of the electric fluid in motion, that no perceptible space of time is required for its passage to any known distance.

Cavallo. Encyc.

It is doubted by modern philosophers whether electricity is a fluid or material substance. Electricity, according to Professor Silliman, is a power which causes repulsion and attraction between the masses of bodies under its influence; a power which causes the heterogeneous particles of bodies to separate, thus producing chimical decomposition; one of the causes of magnetism.

Electrifiable

ELEC'TRIFIABLE, adjective [from electrify.] Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with it; that may become electric.

Fourcroy.

2. Capable of receiving and transmitting the electrical fluid.

Electrification

ELECTRIFICA'TION, noun The act of electrifying, or state of being charged with electricity.

Encyc, art. Bell.

Electrified

ELEC'TRIFIED, participle passive Charged with electricity.

Encyc.

Electrify

ELEC'TRIFY, verb transitive To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity.

Encyc. Cavallo.

2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to.

3. To excite suddenly; to give a sudden shock; as, the whole assembly was electrified.

Electrify

ELECTRIFY, verb intransitive To become electric.

Electrifying

ELEC'TRIFYING, participle of the present tense Charging with electricity; affecting with electricity; giving a sudden shock.

Electrization

ELECTRIZA'TION, noun The act of electrizing.

Ure.

Electrize

ELEC'TRIZE, verb transitive [French electriser.] To electrify; a word in popular use.

Electrochimistry

ELECTRO'CHIM'ISTRY, noun That science which treats of the agency of electricity and galvanism in effecting chimical changes.

Electro-Magnetic

ELECTRO-MAGNET'IC, adjective Designating what pertains to magnetism, as connected with electricity, or affected by it. Electro-magnetic phenomena.

Henry.

Electro-Magnetism

ELECTRO-MAG'NETISM, noun That science which treats of the agency of electricity and galvanism in communicating magnetic properties.

Electrometer

ELECTROM'ETER, noun [Latin electrum, Greek, amber, and, to measure.]

An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity, or its quality; or an instrument for discharging it from a jar.

Encyc. Henry. Ure.

Electrometrical

ELECTROMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to an electrometer; made by an electrometer; as an electrometrical experiment.

Electro-Motion

ELECTRO-MO'TION, noun The motion of electricity or galvanism, or the passing of it from one metal to another, by the attraction or influence of one metal plate in contact with another.

Volta.

Electro-Motive

ELECTRO-MO'TIVE, adjective Producing electro-motion; as electro-motive power.

Henry.

Electromotor

ELEC'TROMOTOR, noun [electrum and motor.] A mover of the electric fluid; an instrument or apparatus so called.

Volta.

Electron

ELEC'TRON, noun Amber; also, a mixture of gold with a fifth part of silver.

Coxe.

Electro-Negative

ELECTRO-NEG'ATIVE, adjective Repelled by bodies negatively electrified, and attracted by those positively electrified.

Henry.

Electrophor

ELEC'TROPHOR, or ELECTROPH'ORUS, noun [electrum and, to bear.] An instrument for preserving electricity a long time.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Electro-Positive

ELECTRO-POS'ITIVE, adjective Attracted by bodies negatively electrified, or by the negative pole of the galvanic arrangement.

Henry.

Electrum

ELEC'TRUM, noun [Latin amber.] In mineralogy, an argentiferous gold ore, or native alloy, of a pale brass yellow color.

Dict.

Electuary

ELEC'TUARY, noun [Low Latin electarium, electuarium; Greek, or, from, to lick. Vossius.]

In pharmacy, a form of medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some conserve, honey or sirup, and made into due consistence, to be taken in doses, like boluses.

Quincy. Encyc.

Eleemosynary

ELEEMOS'YNARY, adjective [Greek, alms, from, to pity, compassion; Welsh elus, charitable; elusen, alms, benevolence. See Alms. It would be well to omit one e in this word.]

1. Given in charity; given or appropriated to support the poor; as eleemosynary rents or taxes.

Encyc.

2. Relating to charitable donations; intended for the distribution of alms, or for the use and management of donations, whether for the subsistence of the poor or for the support and promotion of learning; as an eleemosynary corporation. A hospital founded by charity is an eleemosynary institution for the support of the poor, sick and impotent; a college founded by donations is an eleemosynary institution for the promotion of learning. The corporation entrusted with the care of such institutions is eleemosynary.

Eleemosynary

ELEEMOS'YNARY, noun One who subsists on charity.

South.

Elegance

EL'EGANCE, or EL'EGANCY, noun [Latin elegantia; French elegance; Italian eleganza. Probably from Latin eligo, to choose, though irregularly formed.]

In its primary sense, this word signifies that which is choice or select, as distinguished from what is common.

1. "The beauty of propriety, not of greatness," says Johnson.

Applied to manners or behavior, elegance is that fine polish, politeness or grace, which is acquired by a genteel education, and an association with wellbred company.

Applied to language, elegance respects the manner of speaking or of writing. Elegance of speaking is the propriety of diction and utterance, and the gracefulness of action or gesture; comprehending correct, appropriate and rich expressions, delivered in an agreeable manner. Elegance of composition consists in correct, appropriate and rich expressions, or well chosen words, arranged in a happy manner. Elegance in implies neatness, purity, and correct, perspicuous arrangement, and is calculated to please a delicate taste, rather than to excite admiration or strong feeling. Elegance is applied also to form. Elegance in architecture, consists in the due symmetry and distribution of the parts of an edifice, or in regular proportions and arrangement. And in a similar sense, the word is applied to the person or human body. It is applied also to penmanship, denoting that form of letters which is most agreeable to the eye. In short, in a looser sense, it is applied to many works of art or nature remarkable for their beauty; as elegance of dress or furniture.

2. That which pleases by its nicety, symmetry, purity or beauty. In this sense it has a plural; as the nicer elegancies of art.

Spectator.

Elegant

EL'EGANT, adjective [Latin elegans.] Polished; polite; refined; graceful; pleasing to good taste; as elegant manners.

2. Polished; neat; pure; rich in expressions; correct in arrangement; as an elegant style or composition.

3. Uttering or delivering elegant language with propriety and grace; as an elegant speaker.

4. Symmetrical; regular; well formed in its parts, proportions and distribution; as an elegant structure.

5. Nice; sensible to beauty; discriminating beauty from deformity or imperfection; as an elegant taste. [This is a loose application of the word; elegant being used for delicate.]

6. Beautiful in form and colors; pleasing; as an elegant flower.

7. Rich; costly and ornamental; as elegant furniture or equipage.

Elegantly

EL'EGANTLY, adverb In a manner to please; with elegance; with beauty; with pleasing propriety; as a composition elegantly written.

2. With due symmetry; with well formed and duly proportioned parts; as a house elegantly built.

3. Richly; with rich or handsome materials well disposed; as a room elegantly furnished; a woman elegantly dressed.

Elegiac

ELE'GIAC, adjective [Low Latin elegiacus. See Elegy.] Belonging to elegy; plaintive; expressing sorrow or lamentation; as an elegiac lay; elegiac strains.

Gay.

2. Used in elegies. Pentameter verse is elegiac.

Roscommon.

Elegist

EL'EGIST, noun A writer of elegies.

Goldsmith.

Elegit

ELE'GIT, noun [Latin eligo, elegi, to choose.] A writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are apprized, and delivered to the plaintiff, and if not sufficient to satisfy the debt, one moiety of his lands are delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and profits.

2. The title to estate by elegit.

Blackstone.

Elegy

EL'EGY, noun [Latin elegia; Greek, supposed to be from, to speak or utter. Qu. the root of the Latin lugeo. The verbs may have a common origin, for to speak and to cry out in wailing are only modifications of the same act, to throw out the voice with more or less vehemence.]

1. A mournful or plaintive poem, or a funeral song; a poem or a song expressive of sorrow and lamentation.

Shak. Dryden.

2. A short poem without points or affected elegancies.

Johnson.

Element

EL'EMENT, noun [Latin elementum; French element; Italian and Spanish elemento; Armoric elfenn; Welsh elven, or elvyz. This word Owen refers to elv or el, a moving principle, that which has in itself the power of motion; and el is also a spirit or angel, which seems to be the Saxon oelf, an elf. Vossius assigns elementum to eleo, for oleo, to grow. See Elf.]

1. The first or constituent principle or minutest part of any thing; as the elements of earth, water, salt, or wood; the elements of the world; the elements of animal or vegetable bodies. So letters are called the elements of language.

2. An ingredient; a constituent part of any composition.

3. In a chimical sense, an atom; the minutest particle of a substance; that which cannot be divided by chimical analysis, and therefore considered as a simple substance, as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, &c.

An element is strictly the last result of chimical analysis; that which cannot be decomposed by any means now employed. An atom is the last result of mechanical division; that which cannot be any farther divided, without decomposition; hence there may be both elementary and compound atoms.

4. In the plural, the first rules or principles of an art or science; rudiments; as the elements of geometry; the elements of music; the elements of painting; the elements of a theory.

5. In popular language, fire, air, earth and water, are called the four elements, as formerly it was supposed that these are simple bodies, of which the world is composed. Later discoveries prove air, earth and water to be compound bodies, and fire to be only the extrication of light and heat during combustion.

6. Element, in the singular, is sometimes used for the air.

Shak.

7. The substance which forms the natural or most suitable habitation of an animal. Water is the proper element of fishes; air, of man. Hence,

8. The proper state or sphere of any thing; the state of things suited to one's temper or habits. Faction is the element of a demagogue.

9. The matter or substances which compose the world.

The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Peter 3.

10. The outline or sketch; as the elements of a plan.

11. Moving cause or principle; that which excites action.

Passions, the elements of life.

Pope.

Element

EL'EMENT, v, t. To compound of elements or first principles.

Boyle.

2. To constitute; to make as a first principle.

Donne.

[This word is rarely or never used.]

Elemental

ELEMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to elements.

2. Produced by some of the four supposed elements; as elemental war.

Dryden.

3. Produced by elements; as elemental strife.

Pope.

4. Arising from first principles.

Brown.

Elementality

ELEMENTAL'ITY, noun Composition of principles or ingredients.

Whitlock.

Elementally

ELEMENT'ALLY, adverb According to elements; literally; as the words, "Take, eat; this is my body," elementally understood.

Milton.

Elementarity

ELEMENTAR'ITY, or ELEMENT'ARINESS, noun The state of being elementary; the simplicity of nature; uncompounded state.

Brown.

Elementary

ELEMENT'ARY, adjective Primary; simple; uncompounded; uncombined; having only one principle or constituent part; as an elementary substance. Elementary particles are those into which a body is resolved by decomposition.

2. Initial; rudimental; containing, teaching or discussing first principles, rules or rudiments; as an elementary treatise or disquisition.

Reid. Blackstone.

3. Treating of elements; collecting, digesting or explaining principles; as an elementary writer.

Elemi

EL'EMI, noun The gum elemi, so called; but said to be a resinous substance, the produce of the Amyris elemifera, a small tree or shrub of South America. It is of a whitish color tinged with green or yellow.

Elench

ELENCH', noun [Latin elenchus; Greek, from, to argue, to refute.]

1. A vicious or fallacious argument, which is apt to deceive under the appearance of truth; a sophism. [Little used.]

Brown.

2. In antiquity, a kind of earring set with pearls.

Encyc.

Elenchical

ELENCH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an elench.

Elenchically

ELENCH'ICALLY, adverb By means of an elench. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Elenchize

ELENCH'IZE, verb intransitive To dispute. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Elephant

EL'EPHANT, noun [Saxon elp, ylp; Greek; Latin elephas, elephantus; probably from the Hebrew, a leader or chief, the chief or great animal.]

1. The largest of all quadrupeds, belonging to the order of Bruta. This animal has no foreteeth in either jaw; the canine-teeth are very long; and he has a long proboscis or trunk, by which he conveys food and drink to his mouth. The largest of these animals is about 16 feet long and 14 feet high; but smaller varieties are not more than seven feet high. The eyes are small and the feet short, round, clumsy, and distinguishable only by the toes. The trunk is a cartilaginous and muscular tube, extending from the upper jaw, and is seven or eight feet in length. The general shape of his body resembles that of swine. His skin is rugged, and his hair thin. The two large tusks are of a yellowish color, and extremely hard. The bony substance of these is called ivory. The elephant is 30 years in coming to his full growth, and he lives to 150 or 200 years of age. Elephants are natives of the warm climates of Africa and Asia, where they are employed as beasts of burden. They were formerly used in war.

Encyc.

2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant.

Dryden.

Elephant-Beetle

EL'EPHANT-BEETLE, noun A large species of Scarabaeus, or beetle, found in South America. It is of a black color; the body covered with a hard shell, as thick as that of a crab. It is nearly four inches long. The feelers are horny, and the proboscis an inch and a quarter in length.

Encyc.

Elephants-Foot

ELEPHANT'S-FOOT, noun A plant, the Elephantopus.

Muhlenberg.

Elephantiasis

ELEPHANTI'ASIS, noun [Latin and Greek from, elephant.]

A species of leprosy, so called from covering the skin with incrustations, like those of an elephant. It is a chronic and contagious disease, marked by a thickening and greasiness of the legs, with loss of hair and feeling, a swelling of the face, and a hoarse nasal voice. It affects the whole body; the bones, as well as the skin, are covered with spots and tumors, at first red, but afterwards black.

Coxe. Encyc.

Elephantine

ELEPHANT'INE, adjective Pertaining to the elephant; huge; resembling an elephant: or perhaps white, like ivory.

2. In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in which the Romans registered the transactions of the senate, magistrates, emperors and generals; so called perhaps, as being made of ivory.

Eleusinian

ELEUSIN'IAN, adjective Relating to Eleusis in Greece; as Eleusinian mysteries or festivals, the festivals and mysteries of Ceres.

Elevate

EL'EVATE, verb transitive [Latin elevo; e and levo, to raise; French elever; Spanish elevar; Italian elevare; to lift. See Lift.]

1. To raise, in a literal and general sense; to raise from a low or deep place to a higher.

2. To exalt; to raise to higher state or station; as, to elevate a man to an office.

3. To improve, refine or dignify; to raise from or above low conceptions; as, to elevate the mind.

4. To raise from a low or common state; to exalt; as, to elevate the character; to elevate a nation.

5. To elate with pride.

Milton.

6. To excite; to cheer; to animate; as, to elevate the spirits.

7. To take from; to detract; to lessen by detraction. [Not used.]

Hooker.

8. To raise from any tone to one more acute; as, to elevate the voice.

9. To augment or swell; to make louder, as sound.

Elevate

EL'EVATE, adjective [Latin elevatus.] Elevated; raised aloft.

Milton.

Elevated

EL'EVATED, participle passive Raised; exalted; dignified; elated; excited; made more acute or more loud, as sound.

Elevating

EL'EVATING, participle of the present tense Raising; exalting; dignifying; elating; cheering.

Elevation

ELEVA'TION, noun [Latin elevatio.] The act of raising or conveying from a lower or deeper place to a higher.

2. The act of exalting in rank, degree or condition; as the elevation of a man to a throne.

3. Exaltation; an elevated state; dignity.

Angels, in their several degrees of elevation above us, may be endowed with more comprehensive faculties.

Locke.

4. Exaltation of mind by more noble conceptions; as elevation of mind, of thoughts, of ideas.

Norris.

5. Exaltation of style; lofty expressions; words and phrases expressive of lofty conceptions.

Wotton.

6. Exaltation of character or manners.

7. Attention to objects above us; a raising of the mind to superior objects.

Hooker.

8. An elevated place or station.

9. Elevated ground; a rising ground; a hill or mountain.

10. A passing of the voice from any note to one more acute; also, a swelling or augmentation of voice.

11. In astronomy, altitude; the distance of a heavenly body above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon.

12. In gunnery, the angle which the chace of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the hollow cylinder, makes with the plane of the horizon.

Bailey.

13. In dialling, the angle which the style makes with the substylar line.

Bailey.

Elevation of the Host, in Catholic countries, that part of the mass in which the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore.

Encyc.

Elevator

EL'EVATOR, noun One who raises, lifts or exalts.

2. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the lip or the eye.

3. A surgical instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone.

Coxe.

Elevatory

EL'EVATORY, noun An instrument used in trepanning, for raising a depressed or fractured part of the skull.

Coxe. Encyc.

Eleve

ELE'VE, noun [French] One brought up or protected by another.

Chesterfield.

Eleven

ELEV'EN, a. elev'n. [Saxon oendlefene, endleof, endlufa; Swedish elfva; Danish elleve; German and Dutch elf; Isl. ellefu. Qu. one left after ten.] Ten and one added; as eleven men.

Eleventh

ELEV'ENTH, adjective [Saxon oendlyfta, endlefta; Swedish elfte; Danish ellevte; Dutch elfde; German elfte.]

The next in order to the tenth; as the eleventh chapter.

Elf

ELF, noun plu. elves. [Saxon oelf, or elfenne, a spirit, the night-mar; a ghost, hag or witch; Swedish ?lfver. In Welsh el is a moving principle, a spirit; elv is the same; elu is to move onward, to go; elven is an operative cause, a constituent part, an element; and elf is what moves in a simple or pure state, a spirit or demon. From these facts, it would seem that elf is from a verb signifying to move, to flow; and ?lf or elf in Swedish, elv in Danish, is a river, whence Elbe. So spirit is from blowing, a flowing of air. In Saxon oel is oil and an eel, and

oelan is to kindle; all perhaps from the sense of moving, flowing or shooting along. The elf seems to correspond to the demon of the Greeks.]

1. A wandering spirit; a fairy; a hobgoblin; an imaginary being which our rude ancestors supposed to inhabit unfrequented places, and in various ways to affect mankind. Hence in Scottish, elf-shot is an elf-arrow; an arrow-head of flint, supposed to be shot by elfs; and it signifies also a disease supposed to be produced by the agency of spirits.

Every elf, and fairy sprite,

Hop as light as bird from brier.

Shak.

2. An evil spirit; a devil.

Dryden.

3. A diminutive person.

Shenstone.

Elf

ELF, verb transitive To entangle hair in so intricate a manner, that it cannot be disentangled. This work was formerly ascribed to elves.

Johnson. Shak.

Elf-Arrow

ELF'-ARROW, noun A name given to flints in the shape of arrow-heads, vulgarly supposed to be shot by fairies.

Encyc.

Elf-Lock

ELF'-LOCK, noun A knot of hair twisted by elves.

Shak.

Elfin

ELF'IN, adjective Relating or pertaining to elves.

Spenser.

Elfin

ELF'IN, noun A little urchin.

Shenstone.

Elfish

ELF'ISH, adjective Resembling elves; clad in disguise.

Mason.

Elicit

ELIC'IT, verb transitive [Latin elicio; e or ex and lacio, to allure, Dutch lokken, German locken, Swedish locka, Danish lokker. Class Lg.]

1. To draw out; to bring to light; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to elicit truth by discussion.

2. To strike out; as, to elicit sparks of fire by collision.

Elicit

ELIC'IT, adjective Brought into act; brought from possibility into real existence. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Elicitation

ELICITA'TION, noun The act of eliciting; the act of drawing out.

Bramhall.

Elicited

ELIC'ITED, participle passive Brought or drawn out; struck out.

Eliciting

ELIC'ITING, participle of the present tense Drawing out; bringing to light; striking out.

Elide

ELI'DE, verb transitive [Latin elido; e and loedo.] To break or dash in pieces; to crush. [Not used.]

Hooker.

2. To cut off a syllable.

Brit. Crit.

Eligibility

ELIGIBIL'ITY, noun [from eligible.] Worthiness or fitness to be chosen; the state or quality of a thing which renders it preferable to another, or desirable.

2. The state of being capable of being chosen to an office.

U. States.

Eligible

EL'IGIBLE, adjective [French from Latin eligo, to choose or select; e and lego.]

1. Fit to be chosen; worthy of choice; preferable.

In deep distress, certainty is more eligible than suspense.

Clarissa.

2. Suitable; proper; desirable; as, the house stands in an eligible situation.

3. Legally qualified to be chosen; as, a man is or is not eligible to an office.

Eligibleness

EL'IGIBLENESS, noun Fitness to be chosen in preference to another; suitableness; desirableness.

Eligibly

EL'IGIBLY, adverb In a manner to be worthy of choice; suitably.

Eliminate

ELIM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin elimino; e or ex and limen, threshhold.]

1. To thrust out of doors.

Lovelace.

2. To expel; to thrust out; to discharge, or throw off; to set at liberty.

This detains secretions which nature finds it necessary to eliminate.

Med. Repos.

Eliminated

ELIM'INATED, participle passive Expelled; thrown off; discharged.

Eliminating

ELIM'INATING, participle of the present tense Expelling; discharging; throwing off.

Elimination

ELIMINA'TION, noun The act of expelling or throwing off; the act of discharging, or secreting by the pores.

Eliquation

ELIQUA'TION, noun [Latin eliquo, to melt; e and liquo.]

In chimistry, the operation by which a more fusible substance is separated from one that is less so, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and not the other; as an alloy of copper and lead.

Encyc. Ure.

Elision

ELI'SION, noun s as z. [Latin elisio, from elido, to strike off; e and loedo.]

1. In grammar, the cutting off or suppression of a vowel at the end of a word, for the sake of sound or measure, when the next word begins with a vowel; as, th' embattled plain; th' empyreal sphere.

2. Division; separation. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Elisor

ELI'SOR, noun s as z. [Norm. eliser, to chuse; French elire, elisant.]

In law, a sheriff's substitute for returning a jury. When the sheriff is not an indifferent person, as when he is a party to a suit, or related by blood or affinity to either of the parties, the venire is issued to the coroners; or if any exception lies to the coroners, the venire shall be directed to two clerks of the court, or to two persons of the county, named by the court, and sworn; and these, who are called elisors or electors, shall return the jury.

Blackstone.

Elixate

ELIX'ATE, verb transitive [Latin elixo.] To extract by boiling.

Elixation

ELIXA'TION, noun [Latin elixus, from elixio, to boil, to moisten or macerate, from lixo, lix.]

1. The act of boiling or stewing; also, concoction in the stomach; digestion.

Brown.

2. In pharmacy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients by boiling or stewing; also, lixiviation.

Bailey. Encyc.

Elixir

ELIX'IR, noun [French Spanish Portugese elixir; Italian elisire; from Latin elixus, elixio, lixo, lix, or as others alledge, it is from the Arabic al-ecsir, chimistry.]

1. In medicine, a compound tincture, extracted from two or more ingredients. A tincture is drawn from one ingredient; an elixir from several. But tincture is also applied to a composition of many ingredients. An elixir is a liquid medicine made by a strong infusion, where the ingredients are almost dissolved in the menstruum, and give it a thicker consistence than that of a tincture.

Encyc. Quincy.

2. A liquor for transmuting metals into gold.

Donne.

3. Quintessence; refined spirit.

South.

4. Any cordial; that substance which invigorates.

Milton.

Elk

ELK, noun [Saxon elch; Swedish elg; Latin alce, alces; Danish els-dyr. This animal is described by Cesar and Pausanias.]

A quadruped of the Cervine genus, with palmated horns, and a fleshy protuberance on the throat. The neck is short, with a short, thick, upright mane; the eyes are small; the ears long, broad and slouching; and the upper lip hangs over the under lip. It is the largest of the deer kind, being seventeen hands high and weighing twelve hundred pounds. It is found in the northern regions of Europe, Asia and America. In the latter country it is usually called Moose, from the Indian name musu.

Elk-Nut

ELK-NUT, noun A plant, the Hamiltonia, called also oil-nut.

Muhlenberg.

Ell

ELL, noun [Saxon elne; Swedish aln; Dutch ell, elle; German elle; French aune; Armoric goalen; Latin ulna; Greek; Welsh elin, an elbow, and glin, the knee. Qu.]

A measure of different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for measuring cloth. The ells chiefly used in Great Britain are the English and Flemish. The English ell is three feet and nine inches, or a yard and a quarter. The Flemish ell is 27 inches, or three quarters of a yard. The English is to the Flemish as five to three. In Scotland, and ell is 37 2/10 English inches.

Encyc.

Ellipse

ELLIPSE, n. ellips'. An ellipsis.

Ellipsis

ELLIP'SIS, noun plu. ellip'ses. [Greek, an omission or defect, from, to leave or pass by, to leave.]

1. In geometry, an oval figure generated from the section of a cone, by a plane cutting both sides of it, but not parallel to the base.

Bailey. Encyc. Harris.

2. In grammar, defect; omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words are omitted, which the hearer or reader may supply; as, the heroic virtues I admire, for the heroic virtues which I admire.

Ellipsoid

ELLIPS'OID, noun [ellipsis and Greek, form.]

In conics, a solid or figure formed by the revolution of an ellipse about its axis; an elliptic conoid; a spheroid.

Edin. Encyc.

Ellipsoidal

ELLIPSOID'AL, adjective Pertaining to an ellipsoid; having the form of an ellipsoid.

Elliptic

ELLIP'TIC, or ELLIP'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to an ellipsis; having the form of an ellipse; oval.

The planets move in elliptical orbits, having the sun in one focus, and by a radius from the sun, they describe equal areas in equal times.

Cheyne.

2. Defective; as an elliptical phrase.

Elliptically

ELLIPTICALLY, adverb According to the figure called an ellipsis.

2. Defectively.

Elm

ELM, noun [Saxon elm, or ulm-treou; Dutch olm; German ulme; Swedish alm, or alm-tr?, elm-tree; Danish alm; Latin ulmus; Spanish olmo, and alamo; Cornish elau; Russian ilema, ilma, or ilina. Qu. Welsh llwyv, a platform, a frame, an elm, from extending.]

A tree of the genus Ulmus. The common elm is one of the largest and most majestic trees of the forest, and is cultivated for shade and ornament. Another species, the fulva, is called slippery elm, from the quality of its inner bark. One species seems to have been used to support vines.

The treaty which William Penn made with the natives in 1682 was negotiated under a large Elm which grew on the spot now called Kensington, just above Philadelphia. It was pros- trated by a storm in 1810, at which time its stem measured 24 feet in circumference.

Memoirs of Hist. Soc. Penn.

Elmy

ELM'Y, adjective Abounding with elms.

Warton.

Elocation

ELOCA'TION, noun [Latin eloco.] A removal from the usual place of residence.

Bp. Hall.

2. Departure from the usual method; an ecstasy.

Fotherby.

Elocution

ELOCU'TION, noun [Latin elocutio, from eloquor; e and loquor, to speak, Greek,.]

1. Pronunciation; the utterance or delivery of words, particularly in public discourses and arguments. We say of elocution, it is good or bad; clear, fluent or melodious.

Elocution, which anciently embraced style and the whole art of rhetoric, now signifies manner of delivery.

E. Porter.

2. In rhetoric, elocution consists of elegance, composition and dignity; and Dryden uses the word as nearly synonymous with eloquence, the act of expressing thoughts with elegance or beauty.

3. Speech; the power of speaking.

Whose tasteÃ‚--gave elocution to the mute.

Milton.

4. In ancient treatises on oratory, the wording of a discourse; the choice and order of words; composition; the act of framing a writing or discourse.

Cicero. Quinctilian.

Elocutive

ELOCU'TIVE, adjective Having the power of eloquent speaking.

Elogist

EL'OGIST, noun An eulogist. [Not used.]

Elogy

EL'OGY, or ELO'GIUM, noun [French eloge; Latin elogium; Greek. See Eulogy.]

The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric. [But we generally use eulogy.]

Wotton. Holder.

Eloin

ELOIN', verb transitive [French eloigner, to remove far off.]

1. To separate and remove to a distance.

Spenser. Donne.

2. To convey to a distance, and withhold from sight.

The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are eloined.

Blackstone.

Eloinate

ELOIN'ATE, verb transitive To remove.

Howell.

Eloined

ELOIN'ED, participle passive Removed to a distance; carried far off.

Eloining

ELOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Removing to a distance from another, or to a place unknown.

Eloinment

ELOIN'MENT, noun Removal to a distance; distance.

Elong

ELONG', verb transitive [Low Latin elongo.] To put far off; to retard. Obs.

Shenstone.

Elongate

ELON'GATE, verb transitive [Low Latin elongo, from longus. See Long.]

1. To lengthen; to extend.

2. To remove farther off.

Brown.

Elongate

ELON'GATE, verb intransitive To depart from; to recede; to move to a greater distance; particularly, to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit.

Elongated

ELON'GATED, participle passive Lengthened; removed to a distance.

Elongating

ELON'GATING, participle of the present tense Lengthening; extending.

2. Receding to a greater distance, particularly as a planet from the sun in its orbit.

Elongation

ELONGA'TION, noun The act of stretching or lengthening; as the elongation of a fiber.

Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being extended.

3. Distance; space which separates one thing from another.

Glanville.

4. Departure; removal; recession.

5. Extension; continuation.

May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland be considered as elongations of these two chains.

Pinkerton.

6. In astronomy, the recess of a planet from the sun, as it appears to the eye of a spectator on the earth; apparent departure of a planet from the sun in its orbit; as the elongation of Venus or Mercury.

7. In surgery, an imperfect luxation, occasioned by the stretching or lengthening of the ligaments; or the extension of a part beyond its natural dimensions.

Encyc. Coxe.

Elope

ELO'PE, verb intransitive [Dutch loopen, wegloopen; German laufen, entlaufen; Swedish l?pa; Danish lÃƒ-¶ber; Saxon hleapan; to leap. In all the dialects, except the English, leap signifies to run. Qu. Hebrew. Class Lb. No. 30.]

1. To run away; to depart from one's proper place or station privately or without permission; to quit, without permission or right, the station in which one is placed by law or duty. Particularly and appropriately, to run away or depart from a husband, and live with an adulterer, as a married woman; or to quit a father's house, privately or without permission, and marry or live with a gallant, as an unmarried woman.

2. To run away; to escape privately; to depart, without permission, as a son from a father's house, or an apprentice from his master's service.

Elopement

ELO'PEMENT, noun Private or unlicensed departure from the place or station to which one is assigned by duty or law; as the elopement of a wife from her husband, or of a daughter from her father's house, usually with a lover or gallant. It is sometimes applied to the departure of a son or an apprentice, in like manner.

Eloping

ELO'PING, participle of the present tense Running away; departing privately, or without permission, from a husband, father or master.

Elops

E'LOPS, noun [Greek.] A fish, inhabiting the seas of America and the West Indies, with a long body, smooth head, one dorsal fin, and a deeply furcated tail, with a horizontal lanceolated spine, above and below, at its base.

Pennant.

2. The sea-serpent.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Eloquence

EL'OQUENCE, noun [Latin eloquentia, from eloquor, loquor, to speak; Greek, to crack, to sound, to speak. The primary sense is probably to burst with a sound, for the Greek has, a fissure, from the same root; whence, to open or split; whence Latin lacero, to tear; and hence perhaps a leak. Qu. the root of clack. See Class Lg. No. 51. 27.]

1. Oratory; the act or the art of speaking well, or with fluency and elegance. Eloquence comprehends a good elocution or utterance; correct, appropriate and rich expressions, with fluency, animation and suitable action. Hence eloquence is adapted to please, affect and persuade. Demosthenes in Greece, Cicero in Rome, lord Chatham and Burke in Great Britain, were distinguished for their eloquence in declamation, debate or argument.

2. The power of speaking with fluency and elegance.

3. Elegant language, uttered with fluency and animation.

She uttereth piercing eloquence.

Shak.

4. It is sometimes applied to written language.

Eloquent

EL'OQUENT, adjective Having the power of oratory; speaking with fluency, propriety, elegance and animation; as an eloquent orator; an eloquent preacher.

2. Composed with elegance and spirit; elegant and animated; adapted to please, affect and persuade; as an eloquent address; an eloquent petition or remonstrance; an eloquent history.

Eloquently

EL'OQUENTLY, adverb With eloquence; in an eloquent manner; in a manner to please, affect and persuade.

Else

ELSE, adjective or pron. els. [Saxon elles; Danish ellers, from eller, or; Latin alius, alias. See Alien.]

Other; one or something beside. Who else is coming? What else shall I give? Do you expect any thing else? [This word, if considered to be an adjective or pronoun, never precedes its noun, but always follows it.]

Else

ELSE, adv. els. Otherwise; in the other case; if the fact were different. Thou desirest not sacrifice, else would I give it; that is, if thou didst desire sacrifice, I would give it. Psalm 5:16. Repent, or else I will come to thee quickly; that is, repent, or if thou shouldst not repent, if the case or fact should be different, I will come to thee quickly. Revelation 2:5.

2. Beside; except that mentioned; as, no where else.

Elsewhere

ELSEWHERE, adverb In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found elsewhere.

2. In some other place; in other places indefinitely. It is reported in town and elsewhere.

Elucidate

ELU'CIDATE, verb transitive [Low Latin elucido, from eluceo, luceo, to shine, or from lucidus, clear, bright. See Light.]

To make clear or manifest; to explain; to remove obscurity from, and render intelligible; to illustrate. An example will elucidate the subject. An argument may elucidate an obscure question. A fact related by one historian may elucidate an obscure passage in another's writings.

Elucidated

ELU'CIDATED, participle passive Explained; made plain, clear or intelligible.

Elucidating

ELU'CIDATING, participle of the present tense Explaining; making clear or intelligible.

Elucidation

ELUCIDA'TION, noun The act of explaining or throwing light on any obscure subject; explanation; exposition; illustration; as, one example may serve for an elucidation of the subject.

Elucidator

ELU'CIDATOR, noun One who explains; an expositor.

Elude

ELU'DE, verb transitive [Latin eludo; e and ludo, to play; Spanish eludir; Italian eludere; French eluder. The Latin verb forms lusi, lusum; and this may be the Hebrew Chaldee Arabic to deride. Class Ls. No. 5.]

1. To escape; to evade; to avoid by artifice, stratagem, wiles, deceit, or dexterity; as, to elude an enemy; to elude the sight; to elude an officer; to elude detection; to elude vigilance; to elude the force of an argument; to elude a blow or stroke.

2. To mock by an unexpected escape.

Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then, hid in shades, eludes her eager swain.

Pope.

3. To escape being seen; to remain unseen or undiscovered. The cause of magnetism has hitherto eluded the researches of philosophers.

Eludible

ELU'DIBLE, adjective That may be eluded or escaped.

Swift.

Elusion

ELU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin elusio. See Elude.]

An escape by artifice or deception; evasion.

Brown.

Elusive

ELU'SIVE, adjective Practising elusion; using arts to escape.

Elusive of the bridal day, she gives

Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives.

Pope.

Elusoriness

ELU'SORINESS, noun The state of being elusory.

Elusory

ELU'SORY, adjective Tending to elude; tending to deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious; deceitful.

Brown.

Elute

ELU'TE, verb transitive [Latin eluo, elutum; qu. e and lavo. See Elutriate.] To wash off; to cleanse.

Arbuthnot.

Elutriate

ELU'TRIATE, verb transitive [Latin elutrio; Swedish lutra, luttra, to cleanse, to defecate; Danish lutter, pure; Saxon lutter, pure; ladian, to purify; German lauter; Dutch louter, pure; Irish gleith. Qu. Class Ls. No. 30.]

To purify by washing; to cleanse by separating foul matter, and decanting or straining off the liquor. In chimistry, to pulverize and mix a solid substance with water, and decant the extraneous lighter matter that may rise or be suspended in the water.

Coxe. Encyc.

Elutriated

ELU'TRIATED, participle passive Cleansed by washing and decantation.

Elutriating

ELU'TRIATING, participle of the present tense Purifying by washing and decanting.

Elutriation

ELUTRIA'TION, noun The operation of pulverizing a solid substance, mixing it with water, and pouring off the liquid, while the foul or extraneous substances are floating, or after the coarser particles have subsided, and while the finer parts are suspended in the liquor.

Eluxate

ELUX'ATE, verb transitive [Latin eluxatus.] To dislocate. [See Luxate.]

Eluxation

ELUXA'TION, noun The dislocation of a bone. [See Luxation.]

Elvelocks

ELVELOCKS. [See Elf-lock.]

Elvers

ELV'ERS, noun Young eels; young-congers or sea-eels.

Elves

ELVES, plu. of elf.

Elvish

ELV'ISH, adjective More properly elfish, which see.

Elysian

ELYS'IAN, a. elyzh'un. [Latin elysius.] Pertaining to elysium or the seat of delight; yielding the highest pleasures; deliciously soothing; exceedingly delightful; as elysian fields.

Elysium

ELYS'IUM, noun elyzh'um. [Latin elysium; Greek.]

In ancient mythology, a place assigned to happy souls after death; a place in the lower regions, furnished with rich fields, groves, shades, streams, &c., the seat of future happiness. Hence, any delightful place.

Encyc. Shak.

Em

'EM, A contraction of them.

They took 'em.

Hudibras.

Emacerate

EMAC'ERATE, verb transitive To make lean. [Not in use.]

Emaciate

EMA'CIATE, verb intransitive [Latin emacio, from maceo, or macer, lean; Greek, small; French maigre; meager, meek; Italian Spanish Portugese magro; Dutch Swedish Danish German mager; Chaldee, to be thin. Class Mg. No. 2. 9. 13.]

To lose flesh gradually; to become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of appetite or other cause; to waste away, as flesh; to decay in flesh.

Emaciate

EMA'CIATE, verb transitive To cause to lose flesh gradually; to waste the flesh and reduce to leanness.

Sorrow, anxiety, want of appetite, and disease, often emaciate the most robust bodies.

Emaciate

EMA'CIATE, adjective Thin; wasted.

Shenstone.

Emaciated

EMA'CIATED, participle passive Reduced to leanness by a gradual loss of flesh; thin; lean.

Emaciating

EMA'CIATING, participle of the present tense Wasting the flesh gradually; making lean.

Emaciation

EMACIA'TION, noun The act of making lean or thin in flesh; or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh.

2. The state of being reduced to leanness.

Emaculate

EMAC'ULATE, verb transitive [infra.] To take spots from. [Little used.]

Emaculation

EMACULA'TION, noun [Latin emaculo, from e and macula, a spot.]

The act or operation of freeing from spots. [Little used.]

Emanant

EM'ANANT, adjective [Latin emanans. See Emanate.] Issuing or flowing from.

Hale.

Emanate

EM'ANATE, verb intransitive [Latin emano; e and mano, to flow; Spanish emanar; French emaner; Italian emanare. Class Mn. No. 11. 9.]

1. To issue from a source; to flow from; applied to fluids; as, light emanates from the sun; perspirable matter, from animal bodies.

2. To proceed from a source or fountain; as, the powers of government in republics emanate from the people.

Emanating

EM'ANATING, participle of the present tense Issuing or flowing from a fountain.

Emanation

EMANA'TION, noun The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain-head or origin.

2. That which issues, flows or proceeds from any source, substance or body; efflux; effluvium. Light is an emanation from the sun; wisdom, from God; the authority of laws, from the supreme power.

Emanative

EM'ANATIVE, adjective Issuing from another.

Emancipate

EMAN'CIPATE, verb transitive [Latin emancipo, from e and mancipium, a slave; manus, hand, and capio, to take, as slaves were anciently prisoners taken in war.]

1. To set free from servitude or slavery, by the voluntary act of the proprietor; to liberate; to restore from bondage to freedom; as, to emancipate a slave.

2. To set free or restore to liberty; in a general sense.

3. To free from bondage or restraint of any kind; to liberate from subjection, controlling power or influence; as, to emancipate one from prejudices or error.

4. In ancient Rome, to set a son free from subjection to his father, and give him the capacity of managing his affairs, as if he was of age.

Encyc.

Emancipate

EMAN'CIPATE, adjective Set at liberty.

Cowper.

Emancipated

EMAN'CIPATED, participle passive Set free from bondage, slavery, servitude, subjection or dependence; liberated.

Emancipating

EMAN'CIPATING, participle of the present tense Setting free from bondage, servitude or dependence; liberating.

Emancipation

EMANCIPA'TION, noun The act of setting free from slavery, servitude, subjection or dependence; deliverance from bondage or controlling influence; liberation; as the emancipation of slaves by their proprietors; the emancipation of a son among the Romans; the emancipation of a person from prejudices, or from a servile subjection to authority.

Emancipator

EMAN'CIPATOR, noun One who emancipates or liberates from bondage or restraint.

Emane

EMA'NE, verb intransitive [Latin emano.] To issue or flow from.

Enfield.

But this is not an elegant word. [See Emanate.]

Emarginate

EM`ARGINATE, or EM`ARGINATED, adjective [French marge; Latin margo, whence emargino.]

1. In botany, notched at the end; applied to the leaf, corol or stigma.

Martyn.

2. In mineralogy, having all the edges of the primitive form truncated, each by one face.

Cleaveland.

Emarginately

EM`ARGINATELY, adverb In the form of notches.

Eaton.

Emasculate

EM'ASCULATE, verb transitive [Low Latin emasculo, from e and masculus, a male. See Male.]

1. To castrate; to deprive a male of certain parts which characterize the sex; to geld; to deprive of virility.

2. To deprive of masculine strength or vigor; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness.

Women emasculate a monarch's reign.

Dryden.

To emasculate the spirits.

Collier.

Emasculate

EM`ASCULATE, adjective Unmanned; deprived of vigor.

Hammond.

Emasculated

EM`ASCULATED, participle passive Castrated; weakened.

Emasculating

EM`ASCULATING, participle of the present tense Castrating; gelding; depriving of vigor.

Emasculation

EMASCULA'TION, noun The act of depriving a male of the parts which characterize the sex; castration.

2. The act of depriving of vigor or strength; effeminacy; unmanly weakness.

Embale

EMBA'LE, verb transitive [French emballer; Spanish embalar; Italian imballare; em, im, for en or in, and balla, balle, bale.]

1. To make up into a bundle, bale or package; to pack.

2. To bind; to inclose.

Spenser.

Embalm

EMB`ALM, verb transitive emb`am. [French embaumer, from baume, balm, from balsam; Italian imbalsamare; Spanish embalsamar.]

1. To open a dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to prevent its putrefaction.

Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father; and the physicians embalmed Israel. Gen. 1.

2. To fill with sweet scent.

Milton.

3. To preserve, with care and affection, from loss or decay.

The memory of my beloved daughter is embalmed in my heart.

N.Welsh

Virtue alone, with lasting grace,

Embalms the beauties of the face.

Trumbull.

Embalmed

EMB`ALMED, participle passive Filled with aromatic plants for preservation; preserved from loss or destruction.

Embalmer

EMB`ALMER, noun One who embalms bodies for preservation.

Embalming

EMB`ALMING, participle of the present tense Filling a dead body with spices for preservation; preserving with care from loss, decay or destruction.

Embar

EMB`AR, verb transitive [en and bar.] To shut, close or fasten with a bar; to make fast.

2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape.

Where fast embarr'd in mighty brazen wall.

Spenser.

3. To stop; to shut from entering; to hinder; to block up.

He embarred all further trade.

Bacon.

Embarcation

EMBARCA'TION, noun Embarkation, which see.

Embargo

EMB`ARGO, noun [Spanish embargo; Portugese French id.

This is a modern word from the Spanish and Portuguese. In Portuguese, embaraÃƒ-§Ãƒ- r, which the Spanish write embarazar, is to embarrass, entangle, stop, hinder; Portugese embaraÃƒ-§o, impediment, embarrassment, stop, hinderance. The palatal being changed into z and s, we have embarrass from this word; but embargo retains the palatal letter.]

In commerce, a restraint on ships, or prohibition of sailing, either out of port, or into port, or both; which prohibition is by public authority, for a limited time. Most generally it is a prohibition of ships to leave a port.

Embargo

EMB`ARGO, verb transitive [Spanish Portugese embargar.] To hinder or prevent ships from sailing out of port, or into port, or both, by some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a limited time. Our ships were for a time embargoed by a law of congress.

2. To stop; to hinder from being prosecuted by the departure or entrance of ships. The commerce of the United States has been embargoed.

Embargoed

EMB`ARGOED, participle passive Stopped; hindered from sailing; hindered by public authority, as ships or commerce.

Embargoing

EMB`ARGOING, participle of the present tense Restraining from sailing by public authority; hindering.

Embark

EMB`ARK, verb transitive [Spanish embarcar; Portugese id.; Italian imbarcare; French embarquer; en and barco, a boat, a barge, a bark.]

1. To put or cause to enter on board a ship or other vessel or boat. The general embarked his troops and their baggage.

2. To engage a person in any affair. This projector embarked his friends in the design or expedition.

Embark

EMB`ARK, verb intransitive To go on board of a ship, boat or vessel; as, the troops embarked for Lisbon.

2. To engage in any business; to undertake in; to take a share in. The young man embarked rashly in speculation, and was ruined.

Embarkation

EMBARKA'TION, noun The act of putting on board of a ship or other vessel, or the act of going aboard.

2. That which is embarked; as an embarkation of Jesuits.

Smollett.

3. [Spanish embarcacion.] A small vessel, or boat. [Unusual.]

Anson's Voyage.

Embarked

EMB`ARKED, participle passive Put on shipboard; engaged in any affair.

Embarking

EMB`ARKING, participle of the present tense Putting on board of a ship or boat; going on shipboard.

Embarrass

EMBAR'RASS, verb transitive [French embarrasser; Portugese embaraÃƒ-§ar; Spanish embarazar; from Spanish embarazo, Portugese embaraÃƒ-§o, French embarras, perplexity, intricacy, hinderance, impediment. In Spanish, formerly embargo signified embarrassment, and embarrar is to perplex.]

1. To perplex; to render intricate; to entangle. We say, public affairs are embarrassed; the state of our accounts is embarrassed; want of order tends to embarrass business.

2. To perplex, as the mind or intellectual faculties; to confuse. Our ideas are sometimes embarrassed.

3. To perplex, as with debts, or demands, beyond the means of payment; applied to a person or his affairs. In mercantile language, a man or his business is embarrassed, when he cannot meet his pecuniary engagements.

4. To perplex; to confuse; to disconcert; to abash. An abrupt address may embarrass a young lady. A young man may be too much embarrassed to utter a word.

Embarrassed

EMBAR'RASSED, participle passive Perplexed; rendered intricate; confused; confounded.

Embarrassing

EMBAR'RASSING, participle of the present tense Perplexing; entangling; confusing; confounding; abashing.

Embarrassment

EMBAR'RASSMENT, noun Perplexity; intricacy; entanglement.

2. Confusion of mind.

3. Perplexity arising from insolvency, or from temporary inability to discharge debts.

4. Confusion; abashment.

Embase

EMBA'SE, verb transitive [en and base.] To lower in value; to vitiate; to deprave; to impair.

The virtueÃ‚--of a tree embased by the ground.

Bacon.

I have no ignoble endÃ‚--that may embase my poor judgment.

Wotton.

2. To degrade; to vilify.

Spenser.

[This word is seldom used.]

Embasement

EMBA'SEMENT, noun Act of depraving; depravation; deterioration.

South.

Embassade

EM'BASSADE, noun An embassy. Obs.

Spenser.

Embassador

EMBAS'SADOR, noun [Spanish embaxador; Portugese id.; French ambassadeur; Italian ambasciadore; Armoric ambaÃƒ-§zador; Norm. ambaxeur. Spelman refers this word to the German ambact, which Cesar calls ambactus, a client or retainer, among the Gauls. Cluver. Ant. Ger.] 8. favors this opinion, and mentions that, in the laws of Burgundy, ambascia was equivalent to the German ambact, service, now contracted to amt, Dutch ampt, Danish ambt, Swedish embete, office, duty, function, employment, province. The Dutch has ambagt, trade, handicraft, a manor, a lordship, and ambagtsman, a journeyman or mechanic, which is evidently the Swedish embetesman. The Danish has also embede, office, employment. In Saxon embeht, ymbeht, is office, duty, employment; embehtan, to serve; embehtman, a servant; also ambeht, collation; ambyht, a message or legation, an embassy; ambyhtsecga, a legate or envoy [a message-sayer.] The word in Gothic is andbahts, a servant; andbahtyan, to serve. The German has amtsbote, a messenger. The first syllable em is from emb, ymb, about, and the root of ambact is Bg. See Pack and Dispatch.]

1. A minister of the highest rank employed by one prince or state, at the court of another, to manage the public concerns of his own prince or state, and representing the power and dignity of his sovereign. Embassadors are ordinary, when they reside permanently at a foreign court; or extraordinary, when they are sent on a special occasion. They are also called ministers. Envoys are ministers employed on special occasions, and are of less dignity.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. In ludicrous language, a messenger,

Ash.

Embassadress

EMBAS'SADRESS, noun The consort of an embassador.

Chesterfield.

2. A woman sent on a public message.

Embassage

EM'BASSAGE, an embassy, is not used.

Embassy

EM'BASSY, noun [Spanish Portugese embaxada; French ambassade.]

1. The message or public function of an embassador; the charge or employment of a public minister, whether ambassador or envoy; the word signifies the message or commission itself, and the person or persons sent to convey or to execute it. We say the king sent an embassy, meaning an envoy, minister, or ministers; or the king sent a person on an embassy. The embassy consisted of three envoys. The embassy was instructed to inquire concerning the king's disposition.

Mitford.

2. A solemn message.

Taylor.

Eighteen centuries ago, the gospel went forth from Jerusalem on an embassy of mingled authority and love.

B. Dickenson.

3. Ironically, an errand.

Sidney.

[The old orthography, ambassade, ambassage, being obsolete, and embassy established, I have rendered the orthography of embassador conformable to it in the initial letter.]

Embattle

EMBAT'TLE, verb transitive [en and battle.] To arrange in order of battle; to array troops for battle.

On their embattled ranks the waves return.

Milton.

2. To furnish with battlements.

Cyc.

Embattle

EMBAT'TLE, verb intransitive To be ranged in order of battle.

Shak.

Embattled

EMBAT'TLED, participle passive Arrayed in order of battle.

2. Furnished with battlements; and in heraldry, having the outline resembling a battlement, as an ordinary.

Cyc. Bailey.

2. adjective Having been the place of battle; as an embattled plain or field.

Embattling

EMBAT'TLING, participle of the present tense Ranging in battle array.

Embay

EMBA'Y, verb transitive [en, in, and bay.] To inclose in a bay or inlet; to land-lock; to inclose between capes or promontories.

Mar. Dict.

2. [French baigner.] To bathe; to wash. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Embayed

EMBA'YED, participle passive Inclosed in a bay, or between points of land, as a ship.

Embed

EMBED', verb transitive [en, in, and bed.] To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; as, to embed a thing in clay or in sand.

Embedded

EMBED'DED, participle passive Laid as in a bed; deposited or inclosed in surrounding matter; as ore embedded in sand.

Embedding

EMBED'DING, participle of the present tense Laying, depositing or forming, as in a bed.

Embellish

EMBEL'LISH, verb transitive [French embellir, from belle. Latin bellus. pretty.]

1. To adorn; to beautify; to decorate; to make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; applied to persons or things. We embellish the person with rich apparel, a garden with shrubs and flowers, and style with metaphors.

2. To make graceful or elegant; as, to embellish manners.

Embellished

EMBEL'LISHED, participle passive Adorned; decorated; beautified.

Embellishing

EMBEL'LISHING, participle of the present tense Adorning; decorating; adding grace, ornament or elegance to a person or thing.

Embellishment

EMBEL'LISHMENT, noun The act of adorning.

2. Ornament; decoration; any thing that adds beauty or elegance; that which renders any thing pleasing to the eye, or agreeable to the taste, in dress, furniture, manners, or in the fine arts. Rich dresses are embellishments of the person. Virtue is an embellishment of the mind, and liberal arts, the embellishments of society.

Ember

EMBER, in ember-days, ember-weeks, is the Saxon emb-ren, or ymb-ryne, a circle, circuit or revolution, from ymb, around, and ren, or ryne, course, from the root of run. Ember-days are the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, after Quadragesima Sunday, after Whitsunday, after Holyrood day in September, and after St. Lucia's day in December. Ember-days are days returning at certain seasons; Ember-weeks, the weeks in which these days fall; and formerly, our ancestors used the words Ember-fast and Ember-tide or season.

Lye. Encyc. LL. Alfred. Sect. 39.

Ember-Goose

EM'BER-GOOSE, noun A fowl of the genus Colymbus and order of ansers. It is larger than the common goose; the head is dusky; the back, coverts of the wings and tail, clouded with lighter and darker shades of the same; the primaries and tail are black; the breast and belly silvery. It inhabits the northern regions, about Iceland and the Orkneys.

Encyc.

Embering

EM'BERING, noun The ember-days, supra. [Obs.]

Tusser.

Embers

EM'BERS, noun plu. [Saxon oemyrian; Scot. ameris, aumers; Icelandic einmyria.]

Small coals of fire with ashes; the residuum of wood, coal or other combustibles not extinguished; cinders.

He rakes hot embers, and renews the fires.

Dryden.

It is used by Colebrooke in the singular.

He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel.

Asiat. Res. vii. 234.

Ember-Week

EMBER-WEEK, [See Ember, supra.]

Embezzle

EMBEZ'ZLE, verb transitive [Norm. embeasiler, to filch; beseler, id. The primary sense is not quite obvious. If the sense is to strip, to peel, it coincides with the Arabic to strip, or Hebrew Chaldee Syriac. In Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan or signifies to plunder. See Class Bs. No. 2. 21. 22. Perhaps the sense is to cut off. No. 21. 54.]

1. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use what is entrusted to one's care and management. It differs from stealing and robbery in this, that the latter imply a wrongful taking of another's goods, but embezzlement denotes the wrongful appropriation and use of what came into possession by right. It is not uncommon for men entrusted with public money to embezzle it.

2. To waste; to dissipate in extravagance.

When thou hast embezzled all thy store.

Dryden.

Embezzled

EMBEZ'ZLED, participle passive Appropriated wrongfully to one's own use.

Embezzlement

EMBEZ'ZLEMENT, noun The act of fraudulently appropriating to one's own use, the money or goods entrusted to one's care and management. An accurate account of the embezzlements of public money would form a curious history.

2. The thing appropriated.

Embezzler

EMBEZ'ZLER, noun One who embezzles.

Embezzling

EMBEZ'ZLING, participle of the present tense Fraudulently applying to one's own use what is entrusted to one's care and employment.

Emblaze

EMBLA'ZE, verb transitive [French blasonner; Spanish blasonar; Portugese blazonar, brazonar; allied to German blasen, Dutch blaazen, to blow, and French blaser, to burn, blaze. The sense is to swell, to enlarge, to make showy.]

1. To adorn with glittering embellishments.

No weeping orphan saw his father's stores

Our shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors.

Pope.

2. To blazon; to paint or adorn with figures armorial.

The imperial ensign, streaming to the wind,

With gems and golden luster rich emblazed.

Milton.

Emblazed

EMBLA'ZED, participle passive Adorned with shining ornaments, or with figures armorial.

Emblazing

EMBLA'ZING, participle of the present tense Embellishing with glittering ornaments, or with figures armorial.

Emblazon

EMBLA'ZON, verb transitive embla'zn. [French blasonner. See Emblaze.]

1. To adorn with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial.

Johnson.

2. To deck in glaring colors; to display pompously.

We find AugustusÃ‚--emblazoned by the poets.

Hakewill.

Emblazoned

EMBLA'ZONED, participle passive Adorned with figures or ensigns armorial; set out pompously.

Emblazoner

EMBLA'ZONER, noun A blazoner; one that emblazons; a herald.

2. One that publishes and displays with pomp.

Emblazoning

EMBLA'ZONING, participle of the present tense Adorning with ensigns or figures armorial; displaying with pomp.

Emblazonment

EMBLA'ZONMENT, noun An emblazoning.

Roscoe.

Emblazonry

EMBLA'ZONRY, noun Pictures on shields; display of figures.

Milton.

Emblem

EM'BLEM, noun [Greek, from, to cast in, to insert.]

1. Properly, inlay; inlayed or mosaic work; something inserted in the body of another.

2. A picture representing one thing to the eye, and another to the understanding; a painted enigma, or a figure representing some obvious history, instructing us in some moral truth. Such is the image of Scaevola holding his hand in the fire, with these words, "agere et pati fortiter Romanum est," to do and to suffer with fortitude is Roman.

Encyc.

3. A painting or representation, intended to hold forth some moral or political instruction; an allusive picture; a typical designation. A balance is an emblem of justice; a crown is the emblem of royalty; a scepter, of power or sovereignty.

4. That which represents another thing in its predominant qualities. A white robe in scripture is an emblem of purity or righteousness; baptism, of purification.

Emblem

EM'BLEM, verb transitive To represent by similar qualities.

Feltham.

Emblematic

EMBLEMAT'IC, or EMBLEMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to or comprising an emblem.

2. Representing by some allusion or customary connection; as, a crown is emblematic of royalty, a crown being worn by kings.

3. Representing by similar qualities; as, whiteness is emblematic of purity.

4. Using emblems; as emblematic worship.

Emblematically

EMBLEMAT'ICALLY, adverb By way or means of emblems; in the manner of emblems; by way of allusive representation.

Swift.

Emblematist

EMBLEM'ATIST, noun A writer or inventor of emblems.

Brown.

Emblement

EM'BLEMENT, noun used mostly in the plural. [Norm. emblear, emblements; embleer, to sow; French emblaver; Norm. bleer, to sow with corn, from blÃƒ-©, bled, corn.]

The produce or fruits of land sown or planted. This word is used for the produce of land sown or planted by a tenant for life or years, whose estate is determined suddenly after the land is sown or planted and before harvest. In this case the tenant's executors shall have the emblements. Emblements comprehend not only corn, but the produce of any annual plant. But the produce of grass and perennial plants belongs to the lord, or proprietor of the land.

Blackstone.

Emblemize

EM'BLEMIZE, verb transitive To represent by an emblem.

Emblemized

EM'BLEMIZED, participle passive Represented by an emblem.

Emblemizing

EM'BLEMIZING, participle of the present tense Representing by an emblem.

Embloom

EMBLOOM', verb transitive To cover or enrich with bloom.

Good.

Embodied

EMBOD'IED, participle passive [See Embody.] Collected or formed into a body.

Embody

EMBOD'Y, verb transitive [en, in, and body.] To form or collect into a body or united mass; to collect into a whole; to incorporate; to concentrate; as, to embody troops; to embody detached sentiments.

Embodying

EMBOD'YING, participle of the present tense Collecting or forming into a body.

Emboguing

EMBO'GUING, noun The mouth of a river or place where its waters are discharged in to the sea. [An ill formed word.]

Embolden

EMBOLDEN, verb transitive [en and bold.] To give boldness or courage; to encourage. 1 Corinthians 8.

Emboldened

EMBOLDENED, participle passive Encouraged.

Emboldening

EMBOLDENING, participle of the present tense Giving courage or boldness.

Embolism

EM'BOLISM, noun [Greek, from, to throw in, to insert.]

1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity. The Greeks made use of the lunar year of 354 days, and to adjust it to the solar year of 365, they ad- ded a lunar month every second or third year, which additional month they called embolimoeus.

Encyc.

2. Intercalated time.

Embolismal

EMBOLIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to intercalation; intercalated; inserted.

The embolismal months are either natural or civil.

Encyc.

Embolismic

EMBOLIS'MIC, adjective Intercalated; inserted.

Twelve lunations form a common year; and thirteen, the embolismic year.

Grosier's China.

Embolus

EM'BOLUS, noun [Greek, from, to thrust in.]

Something inserted or acting in another; that which thrusts or drives; a piston.

Arbuthnot.

Emborder

EMBOR'DER, verb transitive [Old French emborder.] To adorn with a border.

Emboss

EMBOSS', verb transitive [en, in, and boss.] In architecture and sculpture, to form bosses or protuberances; to fashion in relievo or raised work; to cut or form with prominent figures.

2. To form with bosses; to cover with protuberances.

Milton.

3. To drive hard in hunting, till a deer foams, or a dog's knees swell.

Hanmer.

Emboss

EMBOSS', verb transitive [French emboÃƒ-®ter, for emboister, from boÃƒ-®te, boiste, a box.]

To inclose as in a box; to include; to cover. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Emboss

EMBOSS', verb transitive [Italian imboscare, from bosco, a wood.]

To inclose in a wood; to conceal in a thicket. [Not used.]

Milton.

Embossed

EMBOSS'ED, participle passive Formed with bosses or raised figures.

Embossing

EMBOSS'ING, participle of the present tense Forming with figures in relievo.

Bacon.

Embossment

EMBOSS'MENT, noun A prominence, like a boss; a jut.

2. Relief; figures in relievo; raised work.

Addison.

Embottle

EMBOT'TLE, verb transitive [en, in, and bottle.] To put in a bottle; to bottle; to include or confine in a bottle.

Embottled

EMBOT'TLED, participle passive Put in or included in bottles.

Philips.

Embow

EMBOW, verb transitive To form like a bow; to arch; to vault.

Spenser.

Embowel

EMBOW'EL, verb transitive [en, in, and bowel.] To take out the entrails of an animal body; to eviscerate.

Shak.

2. To take out the internal parts.

Fossils and minerals that the emboweled earth

Displays.

Philips.

3. To sink or inclose in another substance.

Spenser.

Emboweled

EMBOW'ELED, participle passive Deprived of intestines; eviscerated; buried.

Emboweler

EMBOW'ELER, noun One that takes out the bowels.

Emboweling

EMBOW'ELING, participle of the present tense Depriving of entrails; eviscerating; burying.

Embower

EMBOW'ER, verb intransitive [from bower.] To lodge or rest in a bower.

Spenser.

Embrace

EMBRA'CE, verb transitive [French embrasser, from en and bras, the arm; Spanish abrazar, from brazo, the arm; Italian abbracciare, imbracciare, from braccio, the arm; Irish umbracaim, from brac, the arm. See Brace.]

1. To take, clasp or inclose in the arms; to press to the bosom, in token of affection.

Paul called to him the disciples and embraced them. Acts 20.

2. To seize eagerly; to lay hold on; to receive or take with willingness that which is offered; as, to embrace the christian religion; to embrace the opportunity of doing a favor.

3. To comprehend; to include or take in; as, natural philosophy embraces many sciences.

Johnson.

4. To comprise; to inclose; to encompass; to contain; to encircle.

Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed,

Between the mountain and the stream embraced.

Denham.

5. To receive; to admit.

What is there that he may not embrace for truth?

Locke.

6. To find; to take; to accept.

FleanceÃ‚--must embrace the fate

Of that dark hour.

Shak.

7. To have carnal intercourse with.

8. To put on.

Spenser.

9. To attempt to influence a jury corruptly.

Blackstone.

Embrace

EMBRA'CE, verb intransitive To join in an embrace.

Shak.

Embrace

EMBRA'CE, noun Inclosure or clasp with the arms; pressure to the bosom with the arms.

2. Reception of one thing into another.

3. Sexual intercourse; conjugal endearment.

Embraced

EMBRA'CED, participle passive Inclosed in the arms; clasped to the bosom; seized; laid hold on; received; comprehended; included; contained; accepted.

2. Influenced corruptly; biassed; as a juror.

Blackstone.

Embracement

EMBRA'CEMENT, noun A clasp in the arms; a hug; embrace.

Sidney.

2. Hostile hug; grapple. [Little used.]

Sidney.

3. Comprehension; state of being contained; inclosure. [Little used.]

Bacon.

4. Conjugal endearment; sexual commerce.

Shak.

5. Willing acceptance. [Little used.]

Embracer

EMBRA'CER, noun The person who embraces.

Howel.

2. One who attempts to influence a jury corruptly.

Embracery

EMBRA'CERY, noun In law, an attempt to influence a jury corruptly to one side, by promises, persuasions, entreaties, money, entertainments, or the like.

Blackstone.

Embracing

EMBRA'CING, participle of the present tense Clasping in the arms; pressing to the bosom; seizing and holding; comprehending; including; receiving; accepting; having conjugal intercourse.

2. Attempting to influence a jury corruptly.

Blackstone.

Embraid

EMBRA'ID, verb transitive To upbraid. [Not in use.]

Elyot.

Embrasure

EMBRASU'RE, n. s as z. [French from ebraser, to widen. Lunier. If Lunier is right, this coincides with the Spanish abrasar, Portugese abrazar, to burn, Spanish to squander or dissipate.]

1. An opening in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and discharged.

2. In architecture, the enlargement of the aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the wall, for giving greater play for the opening of the door or casement, or for admitting more light.

Encyc.

Embrave

EMBRA'VE, verb transitive [See Brave.] To embellish; to make showy. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To inspire with bravery; to make bold.

Beaum.

Embrocate

EM'BROCATE, verb transitive [Greek,. to moisten, to rain; Italian embroccare.]

In surgery and medicine, to moisten and rub a diseased part of the body, with a liquid substance, as with spirit, oil, &c., by means of a cloth or spunge.

Coxe. Encyc.

Embrocated

EM'BROCATED, participle passive Moistened and rubbed with a wet cloth or spunge.

Embrocating

EM'BROCATING, participle of the present tense Moistening and rubbing a diseased part with a wet cloth or spunge.

Embrocation

EMBROCA'TION, noun The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part, with a cloth or spunge, dipped in some liquid substance, as spirit, oil, &c.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is rubbed or washed.

Embroider

EMBROID'ER, verb transitive [French broder; Spanish Portugese bordar; Welsh brodiaw, to embroider, to make compact, to darn. Qu. border.]

To border with ornamental needle-work, or figures; to adorn with raised figures of needle-work; as cloth, stuffs or muslin.

Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen. Exodus 28.

Embraoidered

EMBRAOID'ERED, participle passive Adorned with figures of needle-work.

Embroiderer

EMBROID'ERER, noun One who embroiders.

Embroidering

EMBROID'ERING, participle of the present tense Ornamenting with figured needle-work.

Embroidery

EMBROID'ERY, noun Work in gold, silver or silk thread, formed by the needle on cloth, stuffs and muslin, into various figures; variegated needle-work.

Pope. Encyc.

2. Variegation or diversity of figures and colors; as the natural embroidery of meadows.

Spectator.

Embroil

EMBROIL', verb transitive [French embrouiller, brouiller; Italian imbrogliare, brogliare; Spanish embrollar; Portugese embrulhar; properly to turn, to stir or agitate, to mix, to twist. See Broil.]

1. To perplex or entangle; to intermix in confusion.

The christian antiquities at RomeÃ‚--are embroiled with fable and legend.

Addison.

2. To involve in troubles or perplexities; to disturb or distract by connection with something else; to throw into confusion or commotion; to perplex.

The royal house embroiled in civil war.

Dryden.

Embroiled

EMBROIL'ED, participle passive Perplexed; entangled; intermixed and confused; involved in trouble.

Embroiling

EMBROIL'ING, participle of the present tense Perplexing; entangling; involving in trouble.

Embroilment

EMBROIL'MENT, noun Confusion; disturbance.

Maundrell.

Embrothel

EMBROTH'EL, verb transitive [See Brothel.] To inclose in a brothel.

Donne.

Embryo

EM'BRYO, or EM'BRYON, noun [Greek; Latin embryon; from Greek and, to shoot, bud, germinate. The Greek word is contracted probably from, for it gives; and if so, it coincides in elements with brood and breed.]

In physiology, the first rudiments of an animal in the womb, before the several members are distinctly formed; after which it is called a fetus.

Encyc.

2. The rudiments of a plant.

3. The beginning or first state of any thing not fit for production; the rudiments of any thing yet imperfectly formed.

The company little suspected what a noble work I had then in embryo.

Swift.

Embryo

EM'BRYO, or EM'BRYON, adjective Pertaining to or noting any thing in its first rudiments or unfinished state; as an embryon bud.

Darwin.

Embryotomy

EMBRYOT'OMY, noun [embryo and Greek, a cutting, from, to cut.]

A cutting or forcible separation of the fetus in utero.

Coxe.

Embusy

EMBUSY, verb transitive To employ. [Not used.]

Emend

EMEND', verb transitive To amend. [Not used.]

Emendable

EMEND'ABLE, adjective [Latin emendabilis, from emendo, to correct; e and menda, a spot or blemish.] Capable of being amended or corrected. [See Amendable.]

Emendation

EMENDA'TION, noun [Latin emendatio.] The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faulty; correction; applied particularly to the correction of errors in writings. When we speak of life and manners, we use amend, amendment, the French orthography.

2. An alteration for the better; correction of an error or fault.

The last edition of the book contains many emendations.

Emendator

EMENDA'TOR, noun A corrector of errors or faults in writings; one who corrects or improves.

Emendatory

EMEND'ATORY, adjective Contributing to emendation or correction.

Warton.

Emerald

EM'ERALD, noun [Spanish esmeralda; Portugese id.; Italian smeraldo; French emeraude; Armoric emeraudenn; German, Dutch Danish smaragd; Latin smaragdus; Greek and; Chaldee; Syriac It is probable that the European words are from the oriental, though much altered. The verb signifies to sing, to call, to amputate, &c.; but the meaning of emerald is not obvious.]

A mineral and a precious stone, whose colors are a pure, lively green, varying to a pale, yellowish, bluish, or grass green. It is always crystalized, and almost always appears in regular, hexahedral prisms, more or less perfect, and sometimes slightly modified by truncations on the edges, or on the solid angles. It is a little harder than quartz, becomes electric by friction, is often transparent, sometimes only translucent, and before the blowpipe is fusible into a whitish enamel or glass. The finest emeralds have been found in Peru.

The subspecies of emerald are the precious emerald and the beryl.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Emerge

EMERGE, v. i. emerj'. [Latin emergo; e, ex, and mergo, to plunge.]

1. To rise out of a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance; as, to emerge from the water or from the ocean.

ThetisÃ‚--emerging from the deep.

Dryden.

We say, a planet emerges from the sun's light; a star emerging from chaos. It is opposed to immerge.

2. To issue; to proceed from.

Newton.

3. To reappear, after being eclipsed; to leave the sphere of the obscuring object. The sun is said to emerge, when the moon ceases to obscure its light; the satellites of Jupiter emerge, when they appear beyond the limb of the planet.

4. To rise out of a state of depression or obscurity; to rise into view; as, to emerge from poverty or obscurity; to emerge from the gloom of despondency.

Emergence

EMERG'ENCE, or EMERG'ENCY, noun The act of rising out of a fluid or other covering or surrounding matter.

2. The act of rising or starting into view; the act of issuing from or quitting.

The white color of all refracted light, at its first emergenceÃ‚--is compounded of various colors.

Newton.

3. That which comes suddenly; a sudden occasion; an unexpected event.

Most of our rarities have been found out by casual emergency.

Glanville.

4. Exigence; any event or occasional combination of circumstances which calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing necessity.

In case of emergency, [or in an emergency] he would employ the whole wealth of his empire.

Addison.

Emergent

EMERG'ENT, adjective Rising out of a fluid or any thing that covers or surrounds.

The mountains huge appear emergent.

Milton.

2. Issuing or proceeding from.

South.

3. Rising out of a depressed state or from obscurity.

4. Coming suddenly; sudden; casual; unexpected; hence, calling for immediate action or remedy; urgent; pressing; as an emergent occasion.

Clarendon.

Emerited

EMER'ITED, adjective [Latin emeritus.] Allowed to have done sufficient public service.

Evelyn.

Emerods

EM'ERODS, noun with a plural termination. [Corrupted from hemorrhoids, Greek, from, to labor under a flowing of blood; blood, and, to flow.]

Hemorrhoids; piles; a dilatation of the veins about the rectum, with a discharge of blood.

The Lord will smite theeÃ‚--with the emerods. Deuteronomy 28.

Emersion

EMER'SION, noun [from Latin emergo. See Emerge.]

1. The act of rising out of a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance; opposed to immersion.

2. In astronomy, the reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse; as the emersion of the moon from the shadow of the earth: also, the time of reappearance.

3. The reappearance of a star, which has been hid by the effulgence of the sun's light.

4. Extrication.

Black.

Emery

EM'ERY, noun [French emeril, emeri; Spanish esmeril; Dutch ameril; German schmergel; Greek and Latin smiris.]

A mineral, said to be a compact variety of corundum, being equal to it in hardness. It is always amorphous; its structure finely granular; its color varying from a deep gray to a bluish or blackish gray, sometimes brownish. This is almost indispensable in polishing metals and hard stones.

The lapidaries cut ordinary gems on their wheels, by sprinkling them with the moistened powder of emery; but it will not cut the diamond.

Hill. Cleaveland.

Emetic

EMET'IC, adjective [Italian Spanish emetico; French emetique; from Greek, to vomit.]

Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the oesophagus and mouth.

Emetic

EMET'IC, noun A medicine that provokes vomiting.

Emetically

EMET'ICALLY, adverb In such a manner as to excite vomiting.

Boyle.

Emetin

EM'ETIN, noun [See Emetic.] A substance obtained from the root of ipecacuana, half a grain of which is a powerful emetic.

Ure.

Emew

E'MEW, noun A name of the Cassowary.

Emication

EMICA'TION, noun [Latin emicatio, emico, from e and mico, to sparkle, that is, to dart.]

A sparkling; a flying off in small particles, as from heated iron or fermenting liquors.

Emiction

EMIC'TION, noun [Latin mingo, mictum.] The discharging of urine; urine; what is voided by the urinary passages.

Harvey.

Emigrant

EM'IGRANT, adjective [See Emigrate.] Removing from one place or country to another distant place with a view to reside.

Emigrant

EM'IGRANT, noun One who removes his habitation, or quits one country or region to settle in another.

Emigrate

EM'IGRATE, verb intransitive [Latin emigro; e and migro, to migrate.]

To quit one country, state or region and settle in another; to remove from one country or state to another for the purpose of residence. Germans, Swiss, Irish and Scotch, emigrate, in great numbers, to America. Inhabitants of New England emigrate to the Western States.

Emigrating

EM'IGRATING, participle of the present tense Removing from one country or state to another for residence.

Emigration

EMIGRA'TION, noun Removal of inhabitants from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western.

The removal of persons from house to house in the same town, state or kingdom is not called emigration, but simply removal.

Eminence

EM'INENCE, or EM'INENCY, noun [Latin eminentia, from eminens, emineo, to stand or show itself above; e and minor, to threaten, that is, to stand or push forward. See Class Mn. No. 9. 11.]

1. Elevation, highth, in a literal sense; but usually, a rising ground; a hill of moderate elevation above the adjacent ground.

The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence.

Burke.

2. Summit; highest part.

Ray.

3. A part rising or projecting beyond the rest, or above the surface. We speak of eminences on any plain or smooth surface.

4. An elevated situation among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office or celebrity. Merit may place a man on an eminence, and make him conspicuous. Eminence is always exposed to envy.

5. Exaltation; high rank; distinction; celebrity; fame; preferment; conspicuousness.

Office, rank and great talents give eminence to men in society.

Where men cannot arrive at eminence, religion may make compensation, by teaching content.

Tillotson.

6. Supreme degree.

Milton.

7. Notice; distinction.

Shak.

8. A title of honor given to cardinals and others.

Encyc.

Eminent

EM'INENT, adjective [Latin eminens, from emineo.]

1. High; lofty; as an eminent place. Ezekiel 16.

2. Exalted in rank; high in office; dignified; distinguished. Princes hold eminent stations in society, as do ministers, judges and legislators.

3. High in public estimation; conspicuous; distinguished above others; remarkable; as an eminent historian or poet; an eminent scholar. Burke was an eminent orator; Watts and Cowper were eminent for their piety.

Eminently

EM'INENTLY, adverb In a high degree; in a degree to attract observation; in a degree to be conspicuous and distinguished from others; as, to be eminently learned or useful.

Emir

E'MIR, noun [Arabic Emir, a commander, from to command, Hebrew to speak, Chaldee Syriac Samaritan id.]

A title of dignity among the Turks, denoting a prince; a title at first given to the Caliphs, but when they assumed the title of Sultan, that of Emir remained to their children. At length it was attributed to all who were judged to descend from Mohammed, by his daughter Fatimah.

Encyc.

Emissary

EM'ISSARY, noun [Latin emissarius, from emitto; e and mitto, to send; French emissaire; Spanish emisario; Italian emissario.]

A person sent on a mission; a missionary employed to preach and propagate the gospel.

If one of the four gospels be genuine, we have, in that one, strong reason to believe, that we possess the accounts which the original emissaries of the religion delivered.

Paley, Evid. Christ.

[This sense is now unusual.]

2. A person sent on a private message or business; a secret agent, employed to sound or ascertain the opinions of others, and to spread reports or propagate opinions favorable to his employer, or designed to defeat the measures or schemes of his opposers or foes; a spy; but an emissary may differ from a spy. A spy in war is one who enters an enemy's camp or territories to learn the condition of the enemy; an emissary may be a secret agent employed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their councils. A spy in war must be concealed, or he suffers death; an emissary may in some cases be known as the agent of an adversary, without incurring similar hazard.

Bacon. Swift.

3. That which sends out or emits. [Not used.]

Arbuthnot.

Emissary vessels, in anatomy, the same as excretory.

Emissary

EM'ISSARY, adjective Exploring; spying.

B. Jonson.

Emission

EMIS'SION, noun [Latin emissio, from emitto, to send out.] The act of sending or throwing out; as the emission of light from the sun or other luminous body; the emission of odors from plants; the emission of heat from a fire.

2. The act of sending abroad or into circulation notes of a state or of a private corporation; as the emission of state notes, or bills of credit, or treasury notes.

3. That which is sent out or issued at one time; an impression or a number of notes issued by one act of government. We say, notes or bills of various emissions were in circulation.

Emit

EMIT', verb transitive [Latin emitto; e and mitto, to send.]

1. To send forth; to throw or give out; as, fire emits heat and smoke; boiling water emits steam; the sun and moon emit light; animal bodies emit perspirable matter; putrescent substances emit offensive or noxious exhalations.

2. To let fly; to discharge; to dart or shoot; as, to emit an arrow. [Unusual.]

Prior.

3. To issue forth, as an order or decree. [Unusual.]

Ayliffe.

4. To issue, as notes or bills of credit; to print, and send into circulation. The United States have once emitted treasury notes.

No state shall emit bills of credit.

Const. United States.

Emmenagogue

EMMEN'AGOGUE, noun [Greek, menstruous, or, in, and, month, and, to lead.]

A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge.

Encyc.

Emmet

EM'MET, noun [Saxon oemet, oemette; German ameise.]

An ant or pismire.

Emmew

EMMEW', verb transitive [See Mew.] To mew; to coop up; to confine in a coop or cage.

Shak.

Emmove

EMMOVE, verb transitive To move; to rouse; to excite. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Emollescence

EMOLLES'CENCE, noun [Latin emollescens, softening. See Emolliate.]

In metallurgy, that degree of softness in a fusible body which alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility.

Kirwan.

Emolliate

EMOL'LIATE, verb transitive [Latin emollio, mollio, to soften; mollis, soft; mellow, mild; Russian miluyu, to pity; umiliayus, to repent. See Mellow.]

To soften; to render effeminate.

Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valor.

Pinkerton, Geog.

[This is a new word, though well formed and applied; but what connection is there between softening and forgetting? Lost is here the proper word for forgotten.]

Emolliated

EMOL'LIATED, participle passive Softened; rendered effeminate.

Emolliating

EMOL'LIATING, participle of the present tense Softening; rendering effeminate.

Emollient

EMOL'LIENT, adjective Softening; making supple; relaxing the solids.

Barley is emollient.

Arbuthnot.

Emollient

EMOL'LIENT, noun A medicine which softens and relaxes, or sheaths the solids; that which softens or removes the asperities of the humors.

Quincy. Coxe.

Emollition

EMOLLI'TION, noun The act of softening or relaxing.

Bacon.

Emolument

EMOL'UMENT, noun [Latin emolumentum, from emolo, molo, to grind. Originally, toll taken for grinding. See Mill.]

1. The profit arising from office or employment; that which is received as a compensation for services, or which is annexed to the possession of office, as salary, fees and perquisites.

2. Profit; advantage; gains in general.

Emolumental

EMOLUMENT'AL, adjective Producing profit; useful; profitable; advantageous.

Evelyn.

Emongst, for among, in Spenser, is a mistake.

Emotion

EMO'TION, noun [French from Latin emotio; emoveo, to move from; Italian emozione.]

1. Literally, a moving of the mind or soul; hence, any agitation of mind or excitement of sensibility.

2. In a philosophical sense, an internal motion or agitation of the mind which passes away without desire; when desire follows, the motion or agitation is called a passion.

Kames' El. of Criticism.

3. Passion is the sensible effect, the feeling to which the mind is subjected, when an object of importance suddenly and imperiously demands its attention. The state of absolute passiveness, in consequence of any sudden percussion of mind, is of short duration. The strong impression, or vivid sensation, immediately produces a reaction correspondent to its nature, either to appropriate and enjoy, or avoid and repel the exciting cause. This reaction is very properly distinguished by the term emotion.

Emotions therefore, according to the genuine signification of the word, are principally and primarily applicable to the sensible changes and visible effects, which particular passions produce on the frame, in consequence of this reaction, or particular agitation of mind.

Cogan on the Passions.

Empair

EMPA'IR, verb transitive To impair. Obs. [See Impair.]

Empale

EMPA'LE, verb transitive [Portugese empalar; Spanish id.; Italian impalare; French empaler; en, in, and Latin palus, Italian Spanish palo, a stake, a pale.]

1. To fence or fortify with stakes; to set a line of stakes or posts for defense.

All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to save themselves from surprise.

Raleigh.

[We now use stockade, in a like sense.]

2. To inclose; to surround.

Round about her work she did empale,

With a fair border wrought of sundry flowers.

Spenser.

3. To inclose; to shut in.

Impenetrable, empal'd with circling fire.

Milton.

4. To thrust a stake up the fundament, and thus put to death; to put to death by fixing on a stake; a punishment formerly practiced in Rome, and still used in Turkey.

Addison. Encyc.

Empaled

EMPA'LED, participle passive Fenced or fortified with stakes; inclosed; shut in; fixed on a stake.

Empalement

EMPA'LEMENT, noun A fencing, fortifying or inclosing with stakes; a putting to death by thrusting a stake into the body.

2. In botany, the calyx or flower-cup of a plant, which surrounds the fructification, like a fence of pales.

Martyn.

3. In heraldry, a conjunction of coats of arms, pale-wise.

Warton.

Empaling

EMPA'LING, participle of the present tense Fortifying with pales or stakes; inclosing; putting to death on a stake.

Empannel

EMPAN'NEL, noun [French panneau; pane, a square. See Pane and Pannel.]

A list of jurors; a small piece of paper or parchment containing the names of the jurors summoned by the sheriff. It is now written pannel, which see.

Empannel

EMPAN'NEL, verb transitive To form a list of jurors. It is now written impannel, which see.

Empark

EMP'ARK, verb transitive [in and park.] To inclose as with a fence.

King.

Emparlance

EMPAR'LANCE, noun [See Imparlance.]

Empasm

EMPASM, n. empazm'. [Greek, to sprinkle.]

A powder used to prevent the bad scent of the body.

Johnson.

Empassion

EMPAS'SION, verb transitive To move with passion; to affect strongly. [See Impassion.]

Milton.

Empeach

EMPEACH. [See Impeach.]

Empeople

EMPE'OPLE, v. t. empee'pl. To form into a people or community. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Emperess

EM'PERESS. [See Empress.]

Emperished

EMPER'ISHED, adjective [See Perish.] Decayed. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Emperor

EM'PEROR, noun [French empereur; Spanish emperador; Italian imperadore; Latin imperator, from impero, to command, Welsh peri, to command, to cause.]

Literally, the commander of an army. In modern times, the sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; a title of dignity superior to that of king; as the emperor of Germany or of Russia.

Empery

EM'PERY, noun Empire. Obs.

Shak.

Emphasis

EM'PHASIS, noun [Greek; and.]

In rhetoric, a particular stress of utterance, or force of voice, given to the words or parts of a discourse, whose signification the speaker intends to impress specially upon his audience; or a distinctive utterance of words, specially significant, with a degree and kind of stress suited to convey their meaning in the best manner.

Encyc. E. Porter.

The province of emphasis is so much more important than accent, that the customary seat of the latter is changed, when the claims of emphasis require it.

E. Porter.

Emphatic

EMPHAT'IC, or EMPHAT'ICAL, adjective Forcible; strong; impressive; as an emphatic voice, tone or pronunciation; emphatical reasoning.

2. Requiring emphasis; as an emphatical word.

3. Uttered with emphasis. We remonstrated in emphatical terms.

4. Striking to the eye; as emphatic colors.

Boyle.

Emphatically

EMPHAT'ICALLY, adverb With emphasis; strongly; forcibly; in a striking manner.

2. According to appearance. [Not used.]

Brown.

Emphysema

EMPHYSE'MA, or EM'PHYSEM, noun [Greek, from, to inflate.]

In surgery, a puffy tumor, easily yielding to pressure, but returning to its former state, as soon as that pressure is removed. A swelling of the integuments, from the admission of air into the cellular membrane.

Wiseman. Coxe.

Emphysematous

EMPHYSEM'ATOUS, adjective Pertaining to emphysema; swelled, bloated, but yielding easily to pressure.

Emphyteutic

EMPHYTEU'TIC, adjective [Greek, and, a planting, to plant.]

Taken on hire; that for which rent is to be paid; as emphyteutic lands.

Blackstone.

Empierce

EMPIERCE, v. t. empers'. [em, in, and pierce.]

To pierce into; to penetrate. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Empight

EMPIGHT, adjective [from pight, to fix.] Fixed. Obs.

Spenser.

Empire

EM'PIRE, noun [French from Latin imperium; Spanish Italian imperio. See Emperor.]

1. Supreme power in governing; supreme dominion; sovereignty; imperial power. No nation can rightfully claim the empire of the ocean.

2. The territory, region or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor. An empire is usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, which may be and often is a territory of small extent. Thus we say, the Russian empire; the Austrian empire; the sovereigns of which are denominated emperors. The British dominions are called an empire, and since the union of Ireland, the parliament is denominated the imperial parliament, but the sovereign is called king. By custom in Europe, the empire means the German empire; and in juridical acts, it is called the holy Roman empire. Hence we say, the diet of the empire; the circles of the empire; &c. But the German empire no longer exists; the states of Germany now form a confederacy.

3. Supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway; as the empire of reason, or of truth.

4. Any region, land or water, over which dominion is extended; as the empire of the sea.

Shak.

Empiric

EM'PIRIC, noun [Greek; and, to attempt; Latin empiricus; French empirique; Spanish Italian empirico. See Peril and Pirate.]

Literally, one who makes experiments. Hence its appropriate signification is, a physician who enters on practice without a regular professional education, and relies on the success of his own experience. Hence the word is used also for a quack, an ignorant pretender to medical skill, a charlatan.

Encyc.

Empiric

EMPIR'IC, or EMPIR'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to experiments or experience.

2. Versed in experiments; as an empiric alchimist.

3. Known only by experience; derived from experiment; used and applied without science; as empiric skill; empiric remedies.

Dryden.

I have avoided that empirical morality that cures one vice by means of another.

Rambler.

Empirically

EMPIR'ICALLY, adverb By experiment; according to experience; without science; in the manner of quacks.

Brown.

Empiricism

EMPIR'ICISM, noun Dependence of a physician on his experience in practice, without the aid of a regular medical education.

2. The practice of medicine without a medical education. Hence, quackery; the pretensions of an ignorant man to medical skill.

Shudder to destroy life, either by the naked knife, or by the surer and safer medium of empiricism.

Dwight.

Emplaster

EMPL'ASTER, noun [Greek, a plaster.]

[See Plaster, which is now used.]

Emplaster

EMPL'ASTER, verb transitive To cover with a plaster.

Mortimer.

Emplastic

EMPL'ASTIC, adjective [Greek. See Plaster, Plastic.

Viscous; glutinous; adhesive; fit to be applied as a plaster; as emplastic applications.

Arbuthnot.

Emplead

EMPLE'AD, verb transitive [em and plead.] To charge with a crime; to accuse. But it is now written implead, which see.

Employ

EMPLOY', verb transitive [French employer; Armoric impligea or impligein; Spanish emplear; Portugese empregar; Italian impiegare; em or en and ployer, plier; Welsh plygu; Latin plico; Greek; Dutch pleegen. See Apply, Display, Deploy.]

1. To occupy the time, attention and labor of; to keep busy, or at work; to use. We employ our hands in labor; we employ our heads or faculties in study or thought; the attention is employed, when the mind is fixed or occupied upon an object; we employ time, when we devote it to an object. A portion of time should be daily employed in reading the scriptures, meditation and prayer; a great portion of life is employed to little profit or to very bad purposes.

2. To use as an instrument or means. We employ pens in writing, and arithmetic in keeping accounts. We employ medicines in curing diseases.

3. To use as materials in forming any thing. We employ timber, stones or bricks, in building; we employ wool, linen and cotton, in making cloth.

4. To engage in one's service; to use as an agent or substitute in transacting business; to commission and entrust with the management of one's affairs. The president employed an envoy to negotiate a treaty. Kings and States employ embassadors at foreign courts.

5. To occupy; to use; to apply or devote to an object; to pass in business; as, to employ time; to employ an hour, a day or a week; to employ one's life.

To employ one's self, is to apply or devote one's time and attention; to busy one's self.

Employ

EMPLOY', noun That which engages the mind, or occupies the time and labor of a person; business; object of study or industry; employment.

Present to grasp, and future still to find,

The whole employ of body and of mind.

Pope.

2. Occupation, as art, mystery, trade, profession.

3. Public office; agency; service for another.

Employable

EMPLOY'ABLE, adjective That may be employed; capable of being used; fit or proper for use.

Boyle.

Employed

EMPLOY'ED, participle passive Occupied; fixed or engaged; applied in business; used in agency.

Employer

EMPLOY'ER, noun One who employs; one who uses; one who engages or keeps in service.

Employing

EMPLOY'ING, participle of the present tense Occupying; using; keeping busy.

Employment

EMPLOY'MENT, noun The act of employing or using.

2. Occupation; business; that which engages the head or hands; as agricultural employments; mechanical employments. Men, whose employment is to make sport and amusement for others, are always despised.

3. Office; public business or trust; agency or service for another or for the public. The secretary of the treasury has a laborious and responsible employment. He is in the employment of government.

Emplunge

EMPLUNGE. [See Plunge.]

Empoison

EMPOIS'ON, v. t. s as z. [French empoisonner. See Poison.]

1. To poison; to administer poison to; to destroy or endanger life by giving or causing to be taken into the stomach any noxious drug or preparation. [In this sense, poison is generally used; but empoison may be used, especially in poetry.]

Sidney. Bacon.

2. To taint with poison or venom; to render noxions or deleterious by an admixture of poisonous substance. [This may be used, especially in poetry.]

3. To embitter; to deprive of sweetness; as, to empoison the joys and pleasures of life.

Empoisoned

EMPOIS'ONED, participle passive Poisoned; tainted with venom; embittered.

Empoisoner

EMPOIS'ONER, noun One who poisons; one who administers a deleterious drug; he or that which embitters.

Empoisoning

EMPOIS'ONING, participle of the present tense Poisoning; embittering.

Empoisonment

EMPOIS'ONMENT, noun The act of administering poison, or causing it to be taken; the act of destroying life by a deleterious drug.

Emporium

EMPO'RIUM, noun [Latin from the Greek, from, to buy; and, to pass or go, Saxon faran.]

1. A place of merchandize; a town or city of trade; particularly, a city or town of extensive commerce, or in which the commerce of an extensive country centers, or to which sellers and buyers resort from different countries. Such are London, Amsterdam and Hamburg. New York will be an emporium.

2. In medicine, the common sensory in the brain.

Coxe.

Empoverish

EMPOV'ERISH. [See Impoverish.]

Empower

EMPOW'ER, verb transitive [from en or in and power.]

1. To give legal or moral power or authority to; to authorize, either by law, commission, letter of attorney, natural right, or by verbal license. The supreme court is empowered to try and decide all cases, civil or criminal. The attorney is empowered to sign an acquittance and discharge the debtor.

2. To give physical power or force; to enable. [In this sense the use is not frequent, and perhaps not used at all.]

Empowered

EMPOW'ERED, participle passive Authorized; having legal or moral right.

Empowering

EMPOW'ERING, participle of the present tense Authorizing; giving power.

Empress

EM'PRESS, noun [contracted from emperess. See Emperor.] The consort or spouse of an emperor.

2. A female who governs an empire; a female invested with imperial power or sovereignty.

Emprise

EMPRI'SE, n. s as z. [Norm.; em, en, and prise, from prendre, to take.]

An undertaking; an enterprise.

Spenser. Pope.

[This word is now rarely or never used, except in poetry.]

Emptier

EMP'TIER, noun One that empties or exhausts.

Emptiness

EMP'TINESS, noun [from empty.] A state of being empty; a state of containing nothing except air; destitution; absence of matter; as the emptiness of a vessel.

2. Void space; vacuity; vacuum.

Dryden.

3. Want of solidity or substance; as the emptiness of light and shade.

Dryden.

4. Unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; as the emptiness of earthly things.

5. Vacuity of head; want of intellect or knowledge.

Pope.

Emption

EMP'TION, noun [Latin emptio, from emo, to buy.]

The act of buying; a purchasing. [Not much used.]

Arbuthnot.

Empty

EMP'TY, adjective [Saxon oemtig or oemti, from oemtian, to be idle, to be vacant, to evacuate, oemta, ease, leisure, quiet.]

1. Containing nothing, or nothing but air; as an empty chest; empty space; an empty purse is a serious evil.

2. Evacuated; not filled; as empty shackles.

Spenser.

3. Unfurnished; as an empty room.

4. Void; devoid.

In civility thou seemest so empty.

Shak.

5. Void; destitute of solid matter; as empty air.

6. Destitute of force or effect; as empty words.

7. Unsubstantial; unsatisfactory; not able to fill the mind or the desires. The pleasures of life are empty and unsatisfying.

Pleased with empty praise.

Pope.

8. Not supplied; having nothing to carry.

They beat him, and sent him away empty. Mark 12.

9. Hungry.

My falcon now is sharp and passing empty.

Shak.

10. Unfurnished with intellect or knowledge; vacant of head; ignorant; as an empty coxcomb.

11. Unfruitful; producing nothing.

Israel is an empty vine. Hosea x.

Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Genesis 41.

12. Wanting substance; wanting solidity; as empty dreams.

13. Destitute; waste; desolate.

Nineveh is empty. Nahum 2.

14. Without effect.

The sword of Saul returned not empty. 2 Samuel 1.

15. Without a cargo; in ballast; as, the ship returned empty.

Empty

EMP'TY, verb transitive To exhaust; to make void or destitute; to deprive of the contents; as, to empty a vessel; to empty a well or a cistern.

2. To pour out the contents.

The clouds empty themselves on the earth. Ecclesiastes 11.

Rivers empty themselves into the ocean.

3. To waste; to make desolate. Jeremiah 51.

Empty

EMP'TY, verb intransitive To pour out or discharge its contents.

The Connecticut empties into the Sound.

2. To become empty.

Emptying

EMP'TYING, participle of the present tense Pouring out the contents; making void.

Emptyings

EMP'TYINGS, noun The lees of beer, cider, &c.

Empurple

EMPUR'PLE, verb transitive [from purple.] To tinge or dye of a purple color; to discolor with purple.

The deep empurpled ran.

Philips.

Empurpled

EMPUR'PLED, participle passive Stained with a purple color.

Empurpling

EMPUR'PLING, participle of the present tense Tinging or dyeing of a purple color.

Empuse

EMPU'SE, noun [Greek.] A phantom or specter. [Not used.]

Bp. Taylor.

Empuzzle

EMPUZ'ZLE. [See Puzzle.]

Empyreal

EMPYR'EAL, adjective [French empyrÃƒ-©e; Spanish Italian empireo; Latin empyroeus; from Greek; and, fire.]

1. Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond aerial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven.

Go, soar with Plato to the empyreal sphere.

Pope.

2. Pure; vital; dephlogisticated; an epithet given to the air, or rather gas, now called oxygen.

Higgins.

Empyrean

EMPYRE'AN, adjective Empyreal.

Akenside.

Empyrean

EMPYRE'AN, noun [See Empyreal.] The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire has been supposed to subsist.

The empyrean rung

With halleluiahs.

Milton.

Empyreuma

EMPYREU'MA, noun [Greek from and, fire.]

In chimistry, a disagreeable smell produced from burnt oils, in distillations of animal and vegetable substances.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Empyreumatic

EMPYREUMAT'IC, or EMPYREUMAT'ICAL, adjective Having the taste or smell of burnt oil, or of burning animal and vegetable substances.

Empyrical

EMPYR'ICAL, adjective Containing the combustible principle of coal.

Kirwan.

Empyrosis

EMPYRO'SIS, noun [Greek, to burn.] A general fire; a conflagration. [Little used.]

Hale.

Emrods

EMRODS. [See Emerods.]

Emu

E'MU, noun A large fowl of S. America, with wings unfit for flight.

This name properly belongs to the Cassowary, but has been erroneously applied, by the Brazilians, to the Rhea or S. American ostrich.

Cuvier.

Emulate

EM'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin oemulor; Spanish emular; Italian emulare. Qu. Greek, strife, contest.]

1. To strive to equal or excel, in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or excel; to vie with; to rival. Learn early to emulate the good and the great. Emulate the virtues and shun the vices of distinguished men.

2. To be equal to.

Thy eye would emulate the diamond.

Shak.

3. To imitate; to resemble. [Unusual.]

Convulsion emulating the motion of laughter.

Arbuthnot.

Emulate

EM'ULATE, adjective Ambitious. [Little used.]

Shak.

Emulated

EM'ULATED, participle passive Rivaled; imitated.

Emulating

EM'ULATING, participle of the present tense Rivaling; attempting to equal or excel; imitating; resembling.

Emulation

EMULA'TION, noun The act of attempting to equal or excel in qualities or actions; rivalry; desire of superiority, attended with effort to attain to it; generally in a good sense, or an attempt to equal or excel others in that which is praise-worthy, without the desire of depressing others. Romans 11. In a bad sense, a striving to equal or do more than others to obtain carnal favors or honors. Galatians 5.

2. An ardor kindled by the praise-worthy examples of others, inciting to imitate them, or to equal or excel them.

A noble emulation heats your breast.

Dryden.

3. Contest; contention; strife; competition; rivalry accompanied with a desire of depressing another.

Such factious emulations shall arise.

Shak.

Emulative

EM'ULATIVE, adjective Inclined to emulation; rivaling; disposed to competition.

Emulator

EM'ULATOR, noun One who emulates; a rival; a competitor.

Emulatress

EM'ULATRESS, noun A female who emulates another.

Emule

EMU'LE, verb transitive To emulate. [Not used.]

Emulgent

EMULGENT, adjective [Latin emulgeo; e and mulgeo, to milk out.]

Milking or draining out. In anatomy, the emulgent or renal arteries are those which supply the kidneys with blood, being sometimes single, sometimes double. The emulgent veins return the blood, after the urine is secreted. This the ancients considered as a milking or straining of the serum, whence the name.

Encyc. Harris. Quincy. Parr.

Emulgent

EMULG'ENT, noun An emulgent vessel.

Emulous

EM'ULOUS, adjective [Latin oemulus.] Desirous or eager to imitate, equal or excel another; desirous of like excellence with another; with of; as emulous of another's example or virtues.

2. Rivaling; engaged in competition; as emulous Carthage.

B. Jonson.

3. Factious; contentious.

Shak.

Emulously

EM'ULOUSLY, adverb With desire of equaling or excelling another.

Granville.

Emulsion

EMUL'SION, noun [French from Latin emulsus, emulgeo, to milk out.]

A soft liquid remedy of a color and consistence resembling milk; any milk-like mixture prepared by uniting oil and water, by means of another substance, saccharine or mucilaginous.

Encyc. Ure.

Emulsive

EMUL'SIVE, adjective Softening; milk-like.

2. Producing or yielding a milk-like substance; as emulsive acids.

Fourcroy.

Emunctory

EMUNC'TORY, noun [Latin emunctorium, from emunctus, emungo, to wipe, to cleanse.]

In anatomy, any part of the body which serves to carry off excrementitious matter; a secretory gland; an excretory duct.

Encyc. Coxe.

The kidneys and skin are called the common emunctories.

Cyc.

Emuscation

EMUSCA'TION, noun [Latin emuscor.] A freeing from moss. [Not much used.]

Evelyn.

En

EN, a prefix to many English words, chiefly borrowed from the French. It coincides with the Latin, in, Greek, and some English words are written indifferently with en or in. For the ease of pronunciation, it is changed to em, particularly before a labial, as in employ, empower.

En was formerly a plural termination of nouns and of verbs, as in housen, escapen. It is retained in oxen and children. It is also still used as the termination of some verbs, as in hearken, from the Saxon infinitive.

Enable

ENA'BLE, verb transitive [Norm. enhabler; en and hable, able. See Able.]

1. To make able; to supply with power, physical or moral; to furnish with sufficient power or ability. By strength a man is enabled to work. Learning and industry enable men to investigate the laws of nature. Fortitude enables us to bear pain without murmuring.

2. To supply with means. Wealth enables men to be charitable, or to live in luxury.

3. To furnish with legal ability or competency; to authorize. The law enables us to dispose of our property by will.

4. To furnish with competent knowledge or skill, and in general, with adequate means.

Enabled

ENA'BLED, participle passive Supplied with sufficient power, physical, moral or legal.

Enablement

ENA'BLEMENT, noun The act of enabling; ability.

Bacon.

Enabling

ENA'BLING, participle of the present tense Giving power to; supplying with sufficient power, ability or means; authorizing.

Enact

ENACT', verb transitive [en and act.] To make, as a law; to pass, as a bill into a law; to perform the last act of a legislature to a bill, giving it validity as a law; to give legislative sanction to a bill.

Shall this bill pass to be enacted?

T. Bigelow.

2. To decree; to establish as the will of the supreme power.

3. To act; to perform; to effect. [Not used.]

Spenser.

4. To represent in action. [Not used.]

Shak.

Enacted

ENACT'ED, participle passive Passed into a law; sanctioned as a law, by legislative authority.

Enacting

ENACT'ING, participle of the present tense Passing into a law; giving legislative sanction to a bill, and establishing it as a law.

2. adjective Giving legislative forms and sanction; as the enacting clause of a bill.

Enactment

ENACT'MENT, noun The passing of a bill into a law; the act of voting, decreeing and giving validity to a law.

Christian Observer. Walsh.

Enactor

ENACT'OR, noun One who enacts or passes a law; one who decrees or establishes, as a law.

Atterbury.

2. One who performs any thing. [Not used.]

Shak.

Enacture

ENAC'TURE, noun Purpose. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Enallage

ENAL'LAGE, n. enal'lajy. [Greek, change; to change; and.]

A figure, in grammer, by which some change is made in the common mode of speech, or when one word is substituted for another; as exercitus victor, for victoriosus; scelus, for scelestus.

Encyc.

Enambush

ENAM'BUSH, verb transitive [en and ambush.] To hide in ambush.

2. To ambush.

Chapman.

Enambushed

ENAM'BUSHED, participle passive Concealed in ambush, or with hostile intention; ambushed.

Enamel

ENAM'EL, noun [en and French email, Spanish esmalte,

Italian smalto, German schmelz, from the root of melt.]

1. In mineralogy, a substance imperfectly vitrified, or matter in which the granular appearance is destroyed, and having a vitreous gloss.

In the arts, a substance of the nature of glass, differing from it by a greater degree of fusibility or opacity.

Ed. Encyc.

Enamels have for their basis a pure crystal glass or frit, ground with a fine oxyd of lead and tin. These baked together are the matter of enamels, and the color is varied by adding other substances. Oxyd of gold gives a red color; that of copper, a green; manganese, a violet; cobalt, a blue; and iron, a fine black.

Encyc. Nicholson.

2. That which is enameled; a smooth, glossy surface of various colors, resembling enamel.

3. In anatomy, the smooth hard substance which covers the crown of a tooth.

Cyc.

Enamel

ENAM'EL, verb transitive To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold, silver, copper, &c.

2. To paint in enamel.

Encyc.

3. To form a glossy surface like enamel.

Enamelar

ENAM'ELAR, adjective Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy.

Enameled

ENAM'ELED, participle passive Overlaid with enamel; adorned with any thing resembling enamel.

Enameler

ENAM'ELER, noun One who enamels; one whose occupation is to lay enamels, or inlay colors.

Enameling

ENAM'ELING, participle of the present tense Laying enamel.

Enameling

ENAM'ELING, noun The act or art of laying enamels.

Enamor

ENAM'OR, verb transitive [from the French amour, Latin amor, love.]

To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; with of before the person or thing; as, to be enamored of a lady; to be enamored of books or science.

[But it is now followed by with.]

Enamorado

ENAMORA'DO, noun One deeply in love.

Herbert.

Enamored

ENAM'ORED, participle passive Inflamed with love; charmed; delighted.

Enamoring

ENAM'ORING, participle of the present tense Inflaming with love; charming; captivating.

Enarmed

EN`ARMED, adjective In heraldry, having arms, that is, horns, hoofs, &c. of a different color from that of the body.

Enarration

ENARRA'TION, noun [Latin enarro, narro, to relate.]

Recital; relation; account; exposition. [Little used.]

Enarthrosis

ENARTHRO'SIS, noun [Greek; and, a joint.]

In anatomy, that species of articulation which consists in the insertion of the round end of a bone in the cup-like cavity of another, forming a movable joint; the ball and socket.

Quincy.

Enate

ENA'TE, adjective [Latin enatus.] Growing out.

Smith.

Enaunter

ENAUN'TER, adverb Lest that. Obs.

Spenser.

Encage

ENCA'GE, verb transitive [from cage.] To shut up or confine in a cage; to coop.

Shak. Donne.

Encaged

ENCA'GED, participle passive Shut up or confined in a cage.

Encaging

ENCA'GING, participle of the present tense Cooping; confining in a cage.

Encamp

ENCAMP', verb intransitive [from camp.] To pitch tents or form huts, as an army; to halt on a march, spread tents and remain for a night or for a longer time, as an army or company.

They encamped in Etham. Exodus 13.

The Levites shall encamp about the tabernacle. Numbers 1.

2. To pitch tents for the purpose of a siege; to besiege.

Encamp against the city and take it. 2 Samuel 12.

Encamp

ENCAMP', verb transitive To form into a camp; to place a marching army or company in a temporary habitation or quarters.

Encamped

ENCAMP'ED, participle passive Settled in tents or huts for lodging or temporary habitation.

Encamping

ENCAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Pitching tents or forming huts, for a temporary lodging or rest.

Encampment

ENCAMP'MENT, noun The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest.

2. The place where an army or company is encamped; a camp; a regular order of tents or huts for the accommodation of an army or troop.

Encanker

ENCANK'ER, verb transitive To corrode; to canker.

Shelton.

Encase

ENCA'SE, verb transitive To inclose or confine in a case or cover.

Beaum.

Encaustic

ENCAUS'TIC, adjective [Greek and, caustic, from, to burn.]

Pertaining to the art of enameling, and to painting in burnt wax. Encaustic painting, is a method in which wax is employed to give a gloss to colors.

Encyc.

Encaustic

ENCAUS'TIC, noun Enamel or enameling.

2. The method of painting in burnt wax.

Encyc.

Encave

ENCA'VE, verb transitive [from cave.] To hide in a cave or recess.

Shak.

Enceint

ENCE'INT, noun [French from enceindre; en and ceindre, Latin cingo, to gird.]

In fortification, inclosure; the wall or rampart which surrounds a place, sometimes composed of bastions and curtains. It is sometimes only flanked by round or square towers, which is called a Roman wall.

Encyc.

Enceint

ENCE'INT, adjective In law, pregnant; with child.

Blackstone.

Enchafe

ENCHA'FE, verb transitive [en and chafe, French chauffer.]

To chafe or fret; to provoke; to enrage; to irritate. [See Chafe.]

Shak.

Enchafed

ENCHA'FED, participle passive Chafed; irritated; enraged.

Enchafing

ENCHA'FING, participle of the present tense Chafing; fretting; enraging.

Enchain

ENCHA'IN, verb transitive [French enchainer. See Chain.]

1. To fasten with a chain; to bind or hold in chains; to hold in bondage.

2. To hold fast; to restrain; to confine.

Dryden.

3. To link together; to connect.

Howell.

Enchained

ENCHA'INED, participle passive Fastened with a chain; held in bondage; held fast; restrained; confined.

Enchaining

ENCHA'INING, participle of the present tense Making fast with a chain; binding; holding in chains; confining.

Enchant

ENCH`ANT, verb transitive [French enchanter; en and

chanter, to sing; Latin incanto; in and canto, to sing. See Chant and Cant.]

1. To practice sorcery or witchcraft on any thing; to give efficacy to any thing by songs of sorcery, or fascination.

And now about the cauldron sing,

Like elves and fairies in a ring,

Enchanting, all that you put in.

Shak.

2. To subdue by charms or spells.

Sidney.

3. To delight to the highest degree; to charm; to ravish with pleasure; as, the description enchants me; we were enchanted with the music.

Enchanted

ENCH`ANTED, participle passive Affected by sorcery; fascinated; subdued by charms; delighted beyond measure.

2. Inhabited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imaginary mischievous spirits; as an enchanted castle.

Enchanter

ENCH`ANTER, noun One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; one who has spirits or demons at his command; one who practices enchantment, or pretends to perform surprising things by the agency of demons.

2. One who charms or delights.

Enchanter's nightshade, a genus of plants, the Circaea.

Enchanting

ENCH`ANTING, participle of the present tense Affecting with sorcery, charms or spells.

2. Delighting highly; ravishing with delight; charming.

3. adjective Charming; delighting; ravishing; as an enchanting voice; as enchanting face.

Simplicity in manners has an enchanting effect.

Kames.

Enchantingly

ENCH`ANTINGLY, adverb With the power of enchantment; in a manner to delight or charm; as, the lady sings enchantingly.

Enchantment

ENCH`ANTMENT, noun The act of producing certain wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or the agency of certain supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells or charms; incantation.

The magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments. Exodus 7.

2. Irresistible influence; overpowering influence of delight.

The warmth of fancyÃ‚--which holds the heart of a reader under the strongest enchantment.

Pope.

Enchantress

ENCH`ANTRESS, noun A sorceress; a woman who pretends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons; one who pretends to practice magic.

Tatler.

2. A woman whose beauty or excellencies give irresistible influence.

From this enchantress all these ills are come.

Dryden.

Encharge

ENCH`ARGE, verb transitive To give in charge or trust. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Enchase

ENCHA'SE, verb transitive [French enchasser; Spanish engastar, or encaxar, from caxa, a box, a chest; Portugese encastoar, encaxar; Italian incastonare; French chassis, a frame; a case.]

1. To infix or inclose in another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed.

Johnson.

2. Technically, to adorn by embossed work; to enrich or beautify any work in metal, by some design or figure in low relief, as a watch case.

Encyc.

3. To adorn by being fixed on it.

To drink in bowls which glittering gems enchase.

Dryden.

4. To mark by incision.

Fairfax.

5. To delineate.

Spenser.

Enchased

ENCHA'SED, participle passive Enclosed as in a frame or in another body; adorned with embossed work.

Enchasing

ENCHA'SING, participle of the present tense Inclosing in another body; adorning with embossed work.

Encheason

ENCHE'ASON, noun [Old French] Cause; occasion. Obs.

Spenser.

Enchiridion

ENCHIRID'ION, noun [Greek and, the hand.]

A manual; a book to be carried in the hand. [Not used.]

Encindered

ENCIN'DERED, adjective Burnt to cinders.

Cockeram.

Encircle

ENCIR'CLE, v. t. ensur'cl. [from circle.]

1. To inclose or surround with a circle or ring, or with any thing in a circular form. Luminous rings encircle Saturn.

2. To encompass; to surround; to environ.

3. To embrace; as, to encircle one in the arms.

Encircled

ENCIR'CLED, participle passive Surrounded with a circle; encompassed; environed; embraced.

Encirclet

ENCIR'CLET, noun A circle; a ring.

Sidney.

Encircling

ENCIR'CLING, participle of the present tense Surrounding with a circle or ring; encompassing; embracing.

Enclitic

ENCLIT'IC, adjective [Greek, inclined; to incline.]

1. Leaning; inclining, or inclined. In grammar, an enclitic particle or word, is one which is so closely united to another as to seem to be a part of it; as que, ne, and ve, in virumque, nonne, aliusve.

2. Throwing back the accent upon the foregoing syllable.

Harris.

Enclitic

ENCLIT'IC, noun A word which is joined to the end of another, as que, in virumque, which may vary the accent.

2. A particle or word that throws the accent or emphasis back upon the former syllable.

Harris.

Enclitically

ENCLIT'ICALLY, adverb In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back.

Walker.

Enclitics

ENCLIT'ICS, adjective In grammer, the art of declining and conjugating words.

Enclose

ENCLOSE. [See Inclose.]

Enclouded

ENCLOUD'ED, adjective [from cloud.] Covered with clouds.

Spenser.

Encoch

ENCOCH, verb transitive To carry in a coach.

Davies.

Encoffin

ENCOF'FIN, verb transitive To put in a coffin.

Encoffined

ENCOF'FINED, participle passive Inclosed in a coffin.

Spenser.

Encomber

ENCOM'BER. [See Encumber.]

Encomberment

ENCOM'BERMENT, noun Molestation. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Encomiast

ENCO'MIAST, noun [Greek.] One who praises another; a panegyrist; one who utters or writes commendations.

Encomiastic

ENCOMIAS'TIC, or ENCOMIAS'TICAL, adjective Bestowing praise; praising; commending; laudatory; as an encomiastic address or discourse.

Encomiastic

ENCOMIAS'TIC, noun A panegyric.

Encomium

ENCO'MIUM, noun plu. encomiums. [Latin from Greek.]

Praise; panegyric; commendation. Men are quite as willing to receive as to bestow encomiums.

Encompass

ENCOM'PASS, verb transitive [from compass.] To encircle; to surround; as, a ring encompasses the finger.

2. To environ; to inclose; to surround; to shut in. A besieging army encompassed the city of Jerusalem.

3. To go or sail round; as, Drake encompassed the globe.

Encompassed

ENCOM'PASSED, participle passive Encircled; surrounded; inclosed; shut in.

Encompassing

ENCOM'PASSING, participle of the present tense Encircling; surrounding; confining.

Encompassment

ENCOM'PASSMENT, noun A surrounding.

2. A going round; circumlocution in speaking.

Shak.

Encore

ENCO'RE, a French word, pronounced nearly ongkore, and signifying, again, once more; used by the auditors and spectators of plays and other sports, when they call for a repetition of a particular part.

Encore

ENCO'RE, verb transitive To call for a repetition of a particular part of an entertainment.

Encounter

ENCOUNT'ER, noun [French encontre, en and contre, Latin contra, against, or rather rencontre; Spanish encuentro; Portugese encontro; Italian incontro.]

1. A meeting, particularly a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more persons.

To shun th' encounter of the vulgar crowd.

Pope.

2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a sudden meeting of parties; sometimes less properly, a duel.

3. A fight; a conflict; a skirmish; a battle; but more generally, a fight between a small number of men, or an accidental meeting and fighting of detachments, rather than a set battle or general engagement.

4. Eager and warm conversation, either in love or anger.

Shak.

5. A sudden or unexpected address or accosting.

Shak.

6. Occasion; casual incident. [Unusual.]

Pope.

Encounter

ENCOUNT'ER, verb transitive [Spanish Portugese encontrar; Italian incontrare; French rencontrer.]

1. To meet face to face; particularly, to meet suddenly or unexpectedly.

[This sense is now uncommon, but still in use.]

2. To meet in opposition, or in a hostile manner; to rush against in conflict; to engage with in battle; as, two armies encounter each other.

3. To meet and strive to remove or surmount; as, to encounter obstacles, impediments or difficulties.

4. To meet and oppose; to resist; to attack and attempt to confute; as, to encounter the arguments of opponents. Acts 17:18.

5. To meet as an obstacle. Which ever way the infidel turns, he encounters clear evidence of the divine origin of the scriptures.

6. To oppose; to oppugn.

Hale.

7. To meet in mutual kindness. [Little used.]

Shak.

Encounter

ENCOUNT'ER, verb intransitive To meet face to face; to meet unexpectedly. [Little used.]

2. To rush together in combat; to fight; to conflict. Three armies encountered at Waterloo.

When applied to one party, it is sometimes followed by with; as, the christian army encountered with the Saracens.

3. To meet in opposition or debate.

Encountered

ENCOUNT'ERED, participle passive Met face to face; met in opposition or hostility; opposed.

Encounterer

ENCOUNT'ERER, noun One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist.

Atterbury.

Encountering

ENCOUNT'ERING, participle of the present tense Meeting; meeting in opposition, or in battle; opposing; resisting.

Encourage

ENCOUR'AGE, v. t. enkur'rage. [French encourager; en and courage, from coeur, the heart; Italian incoraggiare.]

To give courage to; to give or increase confidence of success; to inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind; to embolden; to animate; to incite; to inspirit.

But charge Joshua, and encourage him. Deuteronomy 3.

Encouraged

ENCOUR'AGED, participle passive Emboldened; inspirited; animated; incited.

Encouragement

ENCOUR'AGEMENT, noun The act of giving courage, or confidence of success; incitement to action or to practice; incentive. We ought never to neglect the encouragement of youth in generous deeds. The praise of good men serves as an encouragement to virtue and heroism.

2. That which serves to incite, support, promote or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards, profit. A young man attempted the practice of law, but found little encouragement. The fine arts find little encouragement among a rude people.

Encourager

ENCOUR'AGER, noun One who encourages, incites or stimulates to action; one who supplies incitements, either by counsel, reward or means of execution.

The pope is a master of polite learning and a great encourager of arts.

Addison.

Encouraging

ENCOUR'AGING, participle of the present tense Inspiring with hope and confidence; exciting courage.

2. adjective Furnishing ground to hope for success; as an encouraging prospect.

Encouragingly

ENCOUR'AGINGLY, adverb In a manner to give courage, or hope of success.

Encradle

ENCRA'DLE, verb transitive [en and cradle.] To lay in a cradle.

Spenser.

Encrimson

ENCRIM'SON, v. t. s as z. To cover with a crimson color.

Encrimsoned

ENCRIM'SONED, participle passive Covered with a crimson color.

Encrinite

EN'CRINITE, noun [Greek, a lily.] Stonelily; a fossil zoophyte, formed of many joints, all perforated by some starry form.

Edin. Encyc.

Encrisped

ENCRISP'ED, adjective [from crisp; Spanish encrespar.] Curled; formed in curls.

Skelton.

Encroach

ENCROACH, verb intransitive [French accrocher, to catch, to grapple, from croc, a hook, Welsh crog, crook.] Primarily, to catch as with a hook. Hence,

1. To enter on the rights and possessions of another; to intrude; to take possession of what belongs to another, by gradual advances into his limits or jurisdiction, and usurping a part of his rights or prerogatives; with on. The farmer who runs a fence on his neighbor's land, and incloses a piece with his own, encroaches on his neighbor's property. Men often encroach, in this manner, on the highway. The sea is said to encroach on the land, when it wears it away gradually; and the land encroaches on the sea, when it is extended into it by alluvion. It is important to prevent one branch of government from encroaching on the jurisdiction of another.

2. To creep on gradually without right.

SuperstitionÃ‚--a creeping and encroaching evil.

Hooker.

3. To pass the proper bounds, and enter on another's rights.

Exclude th' encroaching cattle from thy ground.

Dryden.

Encroacher

ENCROACHER, noun One who enters on and takes possession of what is not his own, by gradual steps.

Swift.

2. One who makes gradual advances beyond his rights.

Clarissa.

Encroaching

ENCROACHING, participle of the present tense Entering on and taking possession of what belongs to another.

Encroaching

ENCROACHING, adjective Tending or apt to encroach.

The encroaching spirit of power.

Madison.

Encroachingly

ENCROACHINGLY, adverb By way of encroachment.

Bailey.

Encroachment

ENCROACHMENT, noun The entering gradually on the rights or possessions of another, and taking possession; unlawful intrusion; advance into the territories or jurisdiction of another, by silent means, or without right.

Milton. Atterbury. Addison.

2. That which is taken by encroaching on another.

3. In law, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the lord, and the lord takes three, it is an encroachment.

Cowel.

Encrust

ENCRUST', verb transitive To cover with a crust. It is written also incrust.

Encumber

ENCUM'BER, verb transitive [French encombrer. See Incumber.]

1. To load; to clog; to impede motion with a load, burden or any thing inconvenient to the limbs; to render motion or operation difficult or laborious.

2. To embarrass; to perplex; to obstruct.

3. To load with debts; as, an estate is encumbered with mortgages, or with a widow's dower.

Encumbered

ENCUM'BERED, participle passive Loaded; impeded in motion or operation, by a burden or difficulties; loaded with debts.

Encumbering

ENCUM'BERING, participle of the present tense Loading; clogging; rendering motion or operation difficult; loading with debts.

Encumbrance

ENCUM'BRANCE, noun A load; any thing that impedes motion, or renders it difficult and laborious; clog; impediment.

2. Useless addition or load.

Strip from the branching Alps their piny load,

The huge encumbrance of horrific wood.

Thomson.

3. Load or burden on an estate; a legal claim on an estate, for the discharge of which the estate is liable.

Encyclical

ENCYC'LICAL, adjective [Greek, and, a circle.]

Circular; sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a whole order of men. [This word is not used. We now use circular.]

Stillingfleet.

Encyclopedia

ENCYCLOPE'DIA, or ENCYCLOPE'DY, noun [Greek, in, a circle, and, instruction; instruction in a circle, or circle of instruction.]

The circle of sciences; a general system of instruction or knowledge. More particularly, a collection of the principal facts, principles and discoveries, in all branches of science and the arts, digested under proper titles and arranged in alphabetical order; as the French Encyclopedia; the Encyclopedia Brittannica.

Encyclopedian

ENCYCLOPE'DIAN, adjective Embracing the whole circle of learning.

Encyclopedist

ENCYCLOPE'DIST, noun The compiler of an Encyclopedia, or one who assists in such compilation.

Encysted

ENCYST'ED, adjective [from cyst.] Inclosed in a bag, bladder or vesicle; as an encysted tumor.

Sharp.

End

END, noun [Saxon end, ende, or oende; German ende; Dutch eind; Swedish ?nde; Danish ende; Gothic andei; Basque, ondoa; Sanscrit anda or anta;

Persian andan.]

1. The extreme point of a line, or of any thing that has more length than breadth; as the end of a house; the end of a table; the end of a finger; the end of a chain or rope. When bodies or figures have equal dimensions, or equal length and breadth, the extremities are called sides.

2. The extremity or last part, in general; the close or conclusion, applied to time.

At the end of two months, she returned. Judges 11.

3. The conclusion or cessation of an action.

Of the increase of his government there shall be no end. Isaiah 9.

4. The close or conclusion; as the end of a chapter.

5. Ultimate state or condition; final doom.

Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace. Psalm 37.

6. The point beyond which no progression can be made.

They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wit's end. Psalm 107.

7. Final determination; conclusion of debate or deliberation.

My guilt be on my head and there's an end!

Shak.

8. Close of life; death; decease.

Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end.

Pope.

9. Cessation; period; close of a particular state of things; as the end of the world.

10. Limit; termination.

There is no end of the store. Nahum ii.

11. Destruction. Amos 8.

The end of all flesh is come. Genesis 6.

12. Cause of death; a destroyer.

And award

Either of you to be other's end.

Shak.

13. Consequence; issue; result; conclusive event; conclusion.

The end of these things is death. Romans 6.

14. A fragment or broken piece.

Old odd ends.

Shak.

15. The ultimate point or thing at which one aims or directs his views; the object intended to be reached or accomplished by any action or scheme; purpose intended; scope; aim; drift; as private ends; public ends.

Two things I shall propound to you, as ends.

Suckling.

The end of the commandments is charity. I Timothy 1.

A right to the end, implies a right to the means necessary for attaining it.

Law.

16. An end, for on end, upright; erect; as, his hair stands an end.

17. The ends of the earth, in scripture, are the remotest parts of the earth, or the inhabitants of those parts.

End

END, verb transitive To finish; to close; to conclude; to terminate; as, to end a controversy; to end a war.

On the seventh day God ended his work. Genesis 2.

2. To destroy; to put to death.

King Harry, thy sword hath ended him.

Shak.

End

END, verb intransitive To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; as, a voyage ends by the return of a ship.

2. To terminate; to close; to conclude. The discourse ends with impressive words.

3. To cease; to come to a close. Winter ends in March, and summer in September. A good life ends in peace.

End-All

END'-ALL, noun Final close. [Not used.]

Shak.

Endamage

ENDAM'AGE, verb transitive [from damage.] To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure; to mischief; to prejudice.

The trial hath endamaged thee no way.

Milton.

So thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings. Ez. 4.

Endamaged

ENDAM'AGED, participle passive Harmed; injured.

Endamagement

ENDAM'AGEMENT, noun Damage; loss; injury.

Shak.

Endamaging

ENDAM'AGING, participle of the present tense Harming; injuring.

Endanger

ENDANGER, verb transitive [from danger.] To put in hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss or injury. We dread any thing that endangers our life, our peace or our happiness.

2. To incur the hazard of. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

Endangered

ENDANGERED, participle passive Exposed to loss or injury.

Endangering

ENDANGERING, participle of the present tense Putting in hazard; exposing to loss or injury.

Endangering

ENDANGERING, noun Injury; damage.

Milton.

Endangerment

ENDANGERMENT, noun Hazard; danger.

Spenser.

Endear

ENDE'AR, verb transitive [from dear.] To make dear; to make more beloved. The distress of a friend endears him to us, by exciting our sympathy.

2. To raise the price. [Not in use.]

Endeared

ENDE'ARED, participle passive Rendered dear, beloved, or more beloved.

Endearing

ENDE'ARING, participle of the present tense Making dear or more beloved.

Endearment

ENDE'ARMENT, noun The cause of love; that which excites or increases affection, particularly that which excites tenderness of affection.

Her first endearments twining round the soul.

Thomson.

2. The state of being beloved; tender affection.

South.

Endeavor

ENDEAV'OR, n. endev'or. [Norm. devoyer, endeavor; endevera, he ought; endeyvent, they ought. It seems to be from French [endevoir] devoir, to owe or be indebted, and hence it primarily signifies duty, from the sense of binding, pressure, urgency. Hence our popular phrase, I will do my endeavor. In Irish dibhirce is endeavor.]

An effort; an essay; an attempt; an exertion of physical strength, or the intellectual powers, towards the attainment of an object.

The bold and sufficient pursue their game with more passion, endeavor and application, and therefore often succeed.

Temple.

Imitation is the endeavor of a later poet to write like one who has written before him on the same subject.

Dryden.

Labor is a continued endeavor, or a succession of endeavors.

Anon.

Endeavor

ENDEAV'OR, v. i. endev'or. To exert physical strength or intellectual power, for the accomplishment of an object; to try; to essay; to attempt. In a race, each man endeavors to outstrip his antagonist. A poet may endeavor to rival Homer, but without success. It is followed by after before a noun; as, the christian endeavors after more strict conformity to the example of Christ.

2. verb transitive To attempt to gain; to try to effect.

It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these beneficial subjects.

Chatham.

Endeavored

ENDEAV'ORED, participle passive Essayed; attempted.

Endeavorer

ENDEAV'ORER, noun One who makes an effort or attempt.

Endeavoring

ENDEAV'ORING, participle of the present tense Making an effort or efforts; striving; essaying; attempting.

Endecagon

ENDEC'AGON, noun [Greek, and.] A plain figure of eleven sides and angles.

Bailey. Johnson.

Endeictic

ENDEI'CTIC, adjective [Greek, to show.] Showing; emhibiting. An endeictic dialogue, in the Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill.

Enfield.

Endemic

ENDEM'IC, or ENDEM'ICAL, or ENDE'MIAL, adjective [Greek; and, people.] Peculiar to a people or nation. An endemic disease, is one to which the inhabitants of a particular country are peculiarly subject, and which, for that reason, may be supposed to proceed from local causes, as bad air or water. The epithet is also applied to a disease which prevails in a particular season, chiefly or wholly in a particular place.

Endenize

ENDEN'IZE, verb transitive [from denizen, or its root.] To make free; to naturalize; to admit to the privileges of a denizen. [Little used.]

Camden.

Endenizen

ENDEN'IZEN, verb transitive [from denizen.] To naturalize.

B. Jonson.

Endict

ENDICT, ENDICTMENT. [See Indict, Indictment.]

Ending

END'ING, participle of the present tense [from end.] Terminating; closing; concluding.

Ending

END'ING, noun Termination; conclusion.

2. In grammar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word.

Endite

ENDITE. [See Indite.]

Endive

EN'DIVE, noun [French endive; Italian endivia; Spanish endibia; Latin intybum; Arabic hindabon.]

A species of plant, of the genus Cichorium or succory; used as a salad.

Endless

END'LESS, adjective [See End.] Without end; having no end or conclusion; applied to length, and to duration; as an endless line; endless progression; endless duration; endless bliss.

2. Perpetual; incessant; continual; as endless praise; endless clamor.

Endlessly

END'LESSLY, adverb Without end or termination; as, to extend a line endlessly.

2. Incessantly; perpetually; continually.

Endlessness

END'LESSNESS, noun Extension without end or limit.

2. Perpetuity; endless duration.

Endlong

END'LONG, adverb In a line; with the end forward. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Endoctrine

ENDOC'TRINE, verb transitive To teach; to indoctrinate. [See the latter word.]

Donne.

Endorse

ENDORSE, ENDORSEMENT. [See Indorse, Indorsement.]

Endoss

ENDOSS', verb transitive [French endosser.] To engrave or carve.

Spenser.

Endow

ENDOW', verb transitive [Norm. endouer; French douer. Qu. from Latin dos, doto, or a different Celtic root, for in Irish diobhadh is dower. The sense is to set or put on.]

1. To furnish with a portion of goods or estate, called dower; to settle a dower on, as on a married woman or widow.

A wife is by law entitled to be endowed of all lands and tenements, of which her husband was seized in fee simple or fee tail during the coverture.

Blackstone.

2. To settle on, as a permanent provision; to furnish with a permanent fund of property; as, to endow a church; to endow a college with a fund to support a professor.

3. To enrich or furnish with any gift, quality or faculty; to indue. Man is endowed by his maker with reason.

Endowed

ENDOW'ED, participle passive Furnished with a portion of estate; having dower settled on; supplied with a permanent fund; induced.

Endowing

ENDOW'ING, participle of the present tense Settling a dower on; furnishing with a permanent fund; inducing.

Endowment

ENDOW'MENT, noun The act of settling dower on a woman, or of settling a fund or permanent provision for the support of a parson or vicar, or of a professor, &c.

2. That which is bestowed or settled on; property, fund or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; as the endowments of a church, of a hospital, or of a college.

3. That which is given or bestowed on the person or mind by the creator; gift of nature; any quality or faculty bestowed by the creator. Natural activity of limbs is an endowment of the body; natural vigor of intellect is an endowment of the mind. Chatham and Burke, in Great Britain, and Jay, Ellsworth and Hamilton, in America, possessed uncommon endowments of mind.

Endrudge

ENDRUDGE, v. t. endruj'. To make a drudge or slave. [Not used.]

Hall.

Endue

ENDU'E, verb transitive [French enduire; Latin induo.] To indue, which see.

Endurable

ENDU'RABLE, adjective That can be borne or suffered.

Endurance

ENDU'RANCE, noun [See Endure.] Continuance; a state of lasting or duration; lastingness.

Spenser.

2. A bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or distress without resistance, or without sinking or yielding to the pressure; sufferance; patience.

Their fortitude was most admirable in their presence and endurance of all evils, of pain, and of death.

Temple.

3. Delay; a waiting for. [Not used.]

Shak.

Endure

ENDU'RE, verb intransitive [French endurer; en and durer, to last, from dur, Latin durus, duro; Spanish endurar. The primary sense of durus, hard, is set, fixed. See Durable.]

1. To last; to continue in the same state without perishing; to remain; to abide.

The Lord shall endure forever. Psalm 9.

He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not endure. Job 8.

2. To bear; to brook; to suffer without resistance, or without yielding.

How can I endure to see the evil that shall come to my people? Esther 8.

Can thy heart endure, or thy hands be strong? Ezekiel 22.

Endure

ENDU'RE, verb transitive To bear; to sustain; to support without breaking or yielding to force or pressure. Metals endure a certain degree of heat without melting.

Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure,

As might the strokes of two such arms endure.

Dryden.

2. To bear with patience; to bear without opposition or sinking under the pressure.

Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake. 2 Timothy 2.

If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons. Hebrews 12.

3. To undergo; to sustain.

I wish to die, yet dare not death endure.

Dryden.

4. To continue in. [Not used.]

Brown.

Endured

ENDU'RED, participle passive Borne; suffered; sustained.

Endurer

ENDU'RER, noun One who bears, suffers or sustains.

2. He or that which continues long.

Enduring

ENDU'RING, participle of the present tense Lasting; continuing without perishing; bearing; sustaining; supporting with patience, or without opposition or yielding.

2. adjective Lasting long; permanent.

Endwise

END'WISE, adverb On the end; erectly; in an upright position.

2. With the end forward.

Enecate

EN'ECATE, verb transitive [Latin eneco.] To kill. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Eneid

E'NEID, noun [Latin AEneis.] A heroic poem, written by Virgil, in which AEneas is the hero.

Enemy

EN'EMY, noun [French ennemi; Spanish enemigo; Italian nemico; Irish namha; from Latin inimicus; in neg. and amicus, friend.]

1. A foe; an adversary. A private enemy is one who hates another and wishes him injury, or attempts to do him injury to gratify his own malice or ill will. A public enemy or foe, is one who belongs to a nation or party, at war with another.

I say to you, love your enemies. Matthew 5.

Enemies in war; in peace friends.

Declaration of Independence.

2. One who hates or dislikes; as an enemy to truth or falsehood.

3. In theology, and by way of eminence, the enemy is the Devil; the archfiend.

4. In military affairs, the opposing army or naval force in war, is called the enemy.

Energetic

ENERGET'IC, or ENERGET'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from,; and, work. See Energy.]

1. Operating with force, vigor and effect; forcible; powerful; efficacious. We say, the public safety required energetic measures. The vicious inclinations of men can be restrained only by energetic laws. [Energic is not used.]

2. Moving; working; active; operative. We must conceive of God as a Being eternally energetic.

Energetically

ENERGET'ICALLY, adverb With force and vigor; with energy and effect.

Energize

EN'ERGIZE, verb intransitive [from energy.] To act with force; to operate with vigor; to act in producing an effect.

Harris. Trans. of Pausanias.

Energize

EN'ERGIZE, verb transitive To give strength or force to; to give active vigor to.

Energized

EN'ERGIZED, participle passive Invigorated.

Energizer

EN'ERGIZER, noun He or that which gives energy; he or that which acts in producing an effect.

Energizing

EN'ERGIZING, participle of the present tense Giving energy, force or vigor; acting with force.

Energy

EN'ERGY, noun [Greek; and, work.]

1. Internal or inherent power; the power of operating, whether exerted or not; as, men possessing energies sometimes suffer them to lie inactive. Danger will rouse the dormant energies of our natures into action.

2. Power exerted; vigorous operation; force; vigor. God, by his Almighty energy, called the universe into existence. The administration of the laws requires energy in the magistrate.

3. Effectual operation; efficacy; strength or force producing the effect.

Beg the blessed Jesus to give an energy to your imperfect prayers, by his most powerful intercession.

Smalridge.

4. Strength of expression; force of utterance; life; spirit; emphasis. The language of Lord Chatham is remarkable for its energy.

Enervate

ENERV'ATE, adjective [infra.] Weakened; weak; without strength or force.

Johnson. Pope.

Enervate

EN'ERVATE, verb transitive [Latin enervo; e and nervus, nerve.]

1. To deprive of nerve, force or strength; to weaken; to render feeble. Idleness and voluptuous indulgences enervate the body. Vices and luxury enervate the strength of states.

2. To cut the nerves; as, to enervate a horse.

Encyc.

Enervated

EN'ERVATED, participle passive Weakened; enfeebled; emasculated.

Enervating

EN'ERVATING, participle of the present tense Depriving of strength, force or vigor; weakening; enfeebling.

Enervation

ENERVA'TION, noun The act of weakening, or reducing strength.

2. The state of being weakened; effeminacy.

Enerve

ENERVE, v. t. enerv'. To weaken; the same as enervate.

Enfamish

ENFAM'ISH, verb transitive To famish. [See Famish.]

Enfeeble

ENFEE'BLE, verb transitive [from feeble.] To deprive of strength; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken; to debilitate; to enervate. Intemperance enfeebles the body, and induces premature infirmity. Excessive grief and melancholy enfeeble the mind. Long wars enfeeble a state.

Enfeebled

ENFEE'BLED, participle passive Weakened; deprived of strength or vigor.

Enfeeblement

ENFEE'BLEMENT, noun The act of weakening; enervation.

Spectator.

Enfeebling

ENFEE'BLING, participle of the present tense Weakening; debilitating; enervating.

Enfeloned

ENFEL'ONED, adjective [See Felon.] Fierce; cruel.

Spenser.

Enfeoff

ENFEOFF, v. t. enfeff. [Law Latin feoffo, feoffare, from fief, which see.]

1. To give one a feud; hence, to invest with a fee; to give to another any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by livery of seizin.

Cowel. Blackstone.

2. To surrender or give up. [Not used.]

Shak.

Enfeoffed

ENFEOFF'ED, participle passive Invested with the fee of any corporeal hereditament.

Enfeoffing

ENFEOFF'ING, participle of the present tense Giving to one the fee simple of any corporeal hereditament.

Enfeoffment

ENFEOFF'MENT, noun The act of giving the fee simple of an estate.

2. The instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of an estate.

Enfetter

ENFET'TER, verb transitive To fetter; to bind in fetters.

Shak.

Enfever

ENFE'VER, verb transitive To excite fever in.

Seward.

Enfierce

ENFIERCE, v. t. enfers'. To make fierce. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Enfilade

ENFILA'DE, noun [French a row, from en and fil, a thread, Latin filum, Spanish hilo.]

A line or straight passage; or the situation of a place which may be seen or scoured with shot all the length of a line, or in the direction of a line.

Johnson. Bailey.

Enfilade

ENFILA'DE, verb transitive [from the noun; Spanish enfilar.]

To pierce, scour or rake with shot, in the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a line.

In conducting approaches at a siege, care should be taken that the trenches be not enfiladed.

Encyc.

In a position to enfilade the works at Fort Isle.

Washington.

Enfiladed

ENFILA'DED, participle passive Pierced or raked in a line.

Enfilading

ENFILA'DING, participle of the present tense Piercing or sweeping in a line.

Enfire

ENFI'RE, verb transitive To inflame; to set on fire. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Enforce

ENFO'RCE, verb transitive [French enforcir; en and force.]

1. To give strength to; to strengthen; to invigorate. [See Def. 5.]

2. To make or gain by force; to force; as, to enforce a passage.

3. To put in act by violence; to drive.

Stones enforced from the old Assyrian slings.

Shak.

4. To instigate; to urge on; to animate.

Shak.

5. To urge with energy; to give force to; to impress on the mind; as, to enforce remarks or arguments.

6. To compel; to constrain; to force.

Davies.

7. To put in execution; to cause to take effect; as, to enforce the laws.

8. To press with a charge.

Shak.

9. To prove; to evince. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Enforce

ENFO'RCE, verb intransitive To attempt by force. [Not used.]

Enforce

ENFO'RCE, noun Force; strength; power. [Not used.]

Milton.

Enforceable

ENFO'RCEABLE, adjective That may be enforced.

Enforced

ENFO'RCED, participle passive Strengthened; gained by force; driven; compelled; urged; carried into effect.

Enforcedly

ENFO'RCEDLY, adverb By violence; not by choice.

Shak.

Enforcement

ENFO'RCEMENT, noun The act of enforcing; compulsion; force applied.

Raleigh.

2. That which gives force energy or effect; sanction. The penalties of law are enforcements.

Locke.

3. Motive of conviction; urgent evidence.

Hammond.

4. Pressing exigence; that which urges or constrains.

Shak.

5. In a general sense, any thing which compels or constrains; any thing which urges either the body or the mind.

6. A putting in execution; as the enforcement of law.

Enforcer

ENFO'RCER, noun One who compels, constrains or urges; one who effects by violence; one who carries into effect.

Enforcing

ENFO'RCING, participle of the present tense Giving force or strength; compelling; urging; constraining; putting in execution.

Enform

ENFORM', verb transitive To form; to fashion. [See Form.]

Enfouldered

ENFOUL'DERED, adjective [French foudroyer.] Mixed with lightning. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Enfranchise

ENFRAN'CHISE, v. t. s as z. [from franchise.] To set free; to liberate from slavery.

Bacon.

2. To make free of a city, corporation or state; to admit to the privileges of a freeman. The English colonies were enfranchised by special charters.

Davies. Hale.

3. To free or release from custody.

Shak.

4. To naturalize; to denizen; to receive as denizens; as, to enfranchise foreign words.

Watts.

Enfranchised

ENFRAN'CHISED, participle passive Set free; released from bondage.

2. Admitted to the rights and privileges of freemen.

Enfranchisement

ENFRAN'CHISEMENT, noun Release from slavery or custody.

Shak.

2. The admission of persons to the freedom of a corporation or state; investiture with the privileges of free citizens; the incorporating of a person into any society or body politic.

Enfranchiser

ENFRAN'CHISER, noun One who enfranchises.

Enfranchising

ENFRAN'CHISING, participle of the present tense Setting free from slavery or custody; admitting to the rights and privileges of denizens or free citizens in a state, or to the privileges of a freeman in a corporation.

Cowel.

Enfroward

ENFRO'WARD, verb transitive To make froward or perverse. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Enfrozen

ENFRO'ZEN, adjective Frozen; congealed. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Engage

ENGA'GE, verb transitive [French engager; en and gager, to lay, to bet, to hire; Armoric ingagi. See Gage and Wage.]

1. To make liable for a debt to a creditor; to bind one's self as surety.

Shak.

2. To pawn; to stake as a pledge.

Hudibras.

3. To enlist; to bring into a party; as, to engage men for service; to engage friends to aid in a cause.

4. To embark in an affair; as, be not hasty to engage yourself in party disputes.

5. To gain; to win and attach; to draw to. Good nature engages every one to its possesor.

To every duty he could minds engage.

Waller.

6. To unite and bind by contract or promise. Nations engage themselves to each other by treaty. The young often engage themselves to their sorrow.

7. To attract and fix; as, to engage the attention.

8. To occupy; to employ assiduously. We were engaged in conversation. The nation is engaged in war.

9. To attack in contest; to encounter. The army engaged the enemy at ten o'clock. The captain engaged the ship, at point blank distance.

Engage

ENGA'GE, verb intransitive To encounter; to begin to fight; to attack in conflict. The armies engaged at Marengo, in a general battle.

2. To embark in any business; to take a concern in; to undertake. Be cautious not to engage in controversy, without indispensable necessity.

3. To promise or pledge one's word; to bind one's self; as, a friend has engaged to supply the necessary funds.

Engaged

ENGA'GED, participle passive or adjective Pledged; promised; enlisted; gained and attached; attracted and fixed; embarked; earnestly employed; zealous.

Engagedly

ENGA'GEDLY, adverb With earnestness; with attachment.

Engagedness

ENGA'GEDNESS, noun The state of being seriously and earnestly occupied; zeal; animation.

Flint's Massillon. Panoplist.

Engagement

ENGA'GEMENT, noun The act of pawning, pledging or making liable for debt.

2. Obligation by agreement or contract. Men are often more ready to make engagements than to fulfil them.

3. Adherence to a party or cause; partiality.

Swift.

4. Occupation; employment of the attention.

Play, by too long or constant engagement, becomes like an employment or profession.

Rogers.

6. Employment in fighting; the conflict of armies or fleets; battle; a general action; appropriately the conflict of whole armies or fleets, but applied to actions between small squadrons or single ships, rarely to a fight between detachments of land forces.

6. Obligation; motive; that which engages.

Hammond.

Engager

ENGA'GER, noun One that enters into an engagement or agreement.

Engaging

ENGA'GING, participle of the present tense Pawning; making liable for debt; enlisting; bringing into a party or cause; promising; binding; winning and attaching; encountering; embarking.

2. adjective Winning; attractive; tending to draw the attention or the affections; pleasing; as engaging manners or address.

Engagingly

ENGA'GINGLY, adverb In a manner to win the affections.

Engallant

ENGAL'LANT, verb transitive To make a gallant of. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Engaol

ENGAOL, v. t. enja'le. To imprison. [Not used.]

Shak.

Engarboil

ENG`ARBOIL, verb transitive To disorder. [Not in use.]

Engarland

ENG`ARLAND, verb transitive To encircle with a garland.

Sidney.

Engarrison

ENGAR'RISON, verb transitive To furnish with a garrison; to defend or protect by a garrison.

Bp. Hall.

Engastrimuth

ENGAS'TRIMUTH, noun [Greek, and.] A ventriloquist. [Not in use.]

Engender

ENGEN'DER, verb transitive [French engendrer; Armoric enguehenta; Spanish engendrar; from the Latin gener, genero, geno, gigno. See Generate.]

2. To beget between the different sexes; to form in embryo.

3. To produce; to cause to exist; to cause to bring forth. Meteors are engendered in the atmosphere; worms are sometimes engendered in the stomach; intemperance engenders fatal maladies; angry words engender strife.

Engender

ENGEN'DER, verb intransitive To be caused or produced.

Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there.

Dryden.

Engendered

ENGEN'DERED, participle passive Begotten; caused; produced.

Engenderer

ENGEN'DERER, noun He or that which engenders.

Engendering

ENGEN'DERING, participle of the present tense Begetting; causing to be; producing.

Engild

ENGILD', verb transitive To gild; to brighten.

Shak.

Engine

EN'GINE, noun [French engin; Spanish ingenio; Portugese engenho; Armoric ingin; from Latin ingenium; so called from contrivance.]

1. In mechanics, a compound machine, or artificial instrument, composed of different parts, and intended to produce some effect by the help of the mechanical powers; as a pump, a windlas, a capstan, a fire engine, a steam engine.

2. A military machine; as a battering ram, &c.

3. Any instrument; that by which any effect is produced. An arrow, a sword, a musket is an engine of death.

4. A machine for throwing water to extinguish fire.

5. Means; any thing used to effect a purpose.

6. An agent for another; usually in all ill sense.

Engineer

ENGINEE'R, noun [French ingenieur.] In the military art, a person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forms plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the ground for fortifications. Engineers are also employed in delineating plans and superintending the construction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals. The latter are called civil engineers.

2. One who manages engines or artillery.

Philips.

Enginery

EN'GINERY, n. en'ginry. The act of managing engines or artillery.

Milton.

2. Engines in general; artillery; instruments of war.

Milton.

3. Machination.

Shenstone.

Engird

ENGIRD'. verb transitive [See Gird.] To surround; to encircle; to encompass.

Shak.

Engirded

ENGIRD'ED, or ENGIRT, participle passive Surrounded; encompassed.

Engirding

ENGIRD'ING, participle of the present tense Encircling; surrounding.

Englad

ENGLAD', verb transitive To make glad; to cause to rejoice.

Skelton.

Englaimed

ENGLA'IMED, adjective Furred; clammy. [Not used.]

England

ENGLAND, noun [See English.]

English

ENGLISH, a. ing'glish. [Saxon Englisc, from Engles, Angles, a tribe of Germans who settled in Britain, and gave it the name of England. The name seems to be derived from eng, ing, a meadow or plain, a level country; Saxon ing; Icelandic einge; Danish eng; Gothic winga; all which seem to be the same word as the Saxon wang, wong, a plain, and to coincide with the German enge,

Dutch eng, Welsh ing, strait, narrow, Latin ango, from the sense of pressing, depression, laying, which gives the sense of level. The English are the descendants of the Ingoevones of Tacitus, De Mor. Germ. 2; this name being composed of ing, a plain, and German wohnen, Dutch woonen, to dwell. The Ingaevones were inhabitants of the level country.] Belonging to England, or to its inhabitants.

English

ENGLISH, noun The people of England.

2. The language of England or of the English nation, and of their descendants in India, America and other countries.

English

ENGLISH, verb transitive To translate into the English language.

Bacon.

Englished

ENGLISHED, participle passive Rendered into English.

Englishry

ENGLISHRY, noun The state or privilege of being an Englishman. [Not used.]

Cowel.

Englut

ENGLUT', verb transitive [French engloutir; Latin glutio.]

1. To swallow.

Shak.

2. To fill; to glut.

Spenser. Ascham.

[This word is little used. See Glut.]

Engore

ENGO'RE, verb transitive To pierce; to gore. [See Gore.]

Spenser.

Engorge

ENGORGE, v. t. engorj'. [French engorger, from gorge, the throat.]

To swallow; to devour; to gorge; properly, to swallow with greediness, or in large quantities.

Spenser.

Engorge

ENGORGE, v. i. engorj'. To devour; to feed with eagerness or voracity.

Milton.

Engorged

ENGORG'ED, participle passive Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts.

Engorgement

ENGORGEMENT, n. engorj'ment. The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity.

Engorging

ENGORG'ING, participle of the present tense Swallowing with voracity.

Engraft

ENGR`AFT, verb transitive To ingraft, which see.

Engrail

ENGRA'IL, verb transitive [French engrÃƒ-ªler, from grÃƒ-©le, gresle, hail.]

In heraldry, to variegate; to spot as with hail; to indent or make ragged at the edges, as if broken with hail; to indent in curve lines.

Johnson. Chapman. Encyc.

Engrailed

ENGRA'ILED, participle passive Variegated; spotted.

Engrain

ENGRA'IN, verb transitive [from grain.] To dye in grain, or in the raw material; to dye deep.

Engrained

ENGRA'INED, participle passive Dyed in the grain; as engrained carpets.

Engraining

ENGRA'INING, participle of the present tense Dyeing in the grain.

Engrapple

ENGRAP'PLE, verb transitive [from grapple.] To grapple; to seize and hold; to close in and hold fast. [See Graspple, which is generally used.]

Engrasp

ENGR'ASP, verb transitive [from grasp.] To seize with a clasping hold; to hold fast by inclosing or embracing; to gripe. [See Grasp, which is generally used.]

Engrave

ENGRA'VE, verb transitive pret. engraved; pp. engraved or engraven. [French graver; Spanish grabar; Italian graffiare; Welsh cravu; German graben; Dutch graaven; Greek. See Grave.] Literally, to scratch or scrape. Hence,

1. To cut, as metals, stones or other hard substances, with a chisel or graver; to cut figures, letters or devices, on stone or metal; to mark by incisions.

Thou shalt engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel. Ex. 28.

2. To picture or represent by incisions.

3. To imprint; to impress deeply; to infix. Let the laws of God and the principles of morality be engraved on the mind in early years.

4. To bury; to deposit in the grave; to inter; to inhume. [Not now used.]

Spenser.

Engraved

ENGRA'VED, or ENGRA'VEN, participle passive Cut or marked, as with a chisel or graver; imprinted; deeply impressed.

Engravement

ENGRA'VEMENT, noun Engraved work; act of engraving.

Engraver

ENGRA'VER, noun One who engraves; a cutter of letters, figures or devices, on stone, metal or wood; a sculptor; a carver.

Engravery

ENGRA'VERY, noun The work of an engraver. [Little used.]

Engraving

ENGRA'VING, participle of the present tense Cutting or marking stones or metals, with a chisel or graver; imprinting.

Engraving

ENGRA'VING, noun The act or art of cutting stones, metals and other hard substances, and representing thereon figures, letters, characters and devices; a branch of sculpture.

Engrieve

ENGRIE'VE, verb transitive To grieve; to pain. [See Grieve.]

Spenser.

Engross

ENGRO'SS, verb transitive [from gross, or French grossir, engrossir, grossoyer; Spanish engrosar. See Gross.]

1. Primarily, to make thick or gross; to thicken. [Not now used.]

Spenser.

2. To make larger; to increase in bulk. [Not used.]

Wotton.

3. To seize in the gross; to take the whole; as, worldly cares engross the attention of most men, but neither business nor amusement should engross our whole time.

4. To purchase, with a view to sell again, either the whole or large quantities of commodities in market, for the purpose of making a profit by enhancing the price. Engrossing does not necessarily imply the purchase of the whole of any commodity, but such quantities as to raise the price, by diminishing the supplies in open market, and taking advantage of an increased demand.

5. To copy in a large hand; to write a fair, correct copy, in large or distinct, legible characters, for preservation or duration; as records of public acts, on paper or parchment.

6. To take or assume in undue quantities or degrees; as, to engross power.

Engrossed

ENGRO'SSED, participle passive Made thick; taken in the whole; purchased in large quantities for sale; written in large fair characters.

Engrosser

ENGRO'SSER, noun He or that which takes the whole; a person who purchases the whole or such quantities of articles in a market as to raise the price.

2. One who copies a writing in large, fair characters.

Engrossing

ENGRO'SSING, participle of the present tense Taking the whole; buying commodities in such quantities as to raise the price in market.

2. Writing correct copies in large, fair characters.

Engrossment

ENGRO'SSMENT, noun The act of engrossing; the act of taking the whole.

2. The appropriation of things in the gross, or in exorbitant quantities; exorbitant acquisition.

Swift.

Enguard

ENGU`ARD, verb transitive [See Guard.] To guard; to defend.

Shak.

Engulf

ENGULF', verb transitive To throw or to absorb in a gulf.

Engulfed

ENGULF'ED, participle passive Absorbed in a whirlpool, or in a deep abyss or gulf.

Engulfment

ENGULF'MENT, noun An absorption in a gulf, or deep cavern, or vertex.

Enhance

ENH`ANCE, verb transitive enh`ans. [Norm. enhauncer, from hauncer, to raise. Qu. Norm. enhauce, hauz, kaulz, high.]

1. To raise; to lift; applied to material things by Spenser, but this application is entirely obsolete.

2. To raise; to advance; to highthen; applied to price or value. War enhances the price of provisions; it enhances rents, and the value of lands.

3. To raise; applied to qualities, quantity, pleasures, enjoyments, &c. Pleasure is enhanced by the difficulty of obtaining it.

4. To increase; to aggravate. The guilt of a crime may be enhanced by circumstances.

Enhance

ENH`ANCE, v. i. enh`ans. To be raised; to swell; to grow larger. A debt enhances rapidly by compound interest.

Enhanced

ENH`ANCED, participle passive Raised; advanced; highthened; increased.

Enhancement

ENH`ANCEMENT, noun Rise; increase; augmentation; as the enhancement of value, price, enjoyment, pleasure, beauty.

2. Increase; aggravation; as the enhancement of evil, grief punishment, guilt or crime.

Enhancer

ENH`ANCER, noun One who enhances; he or that which raises price, &c.

Enhancing

ENH`ANCING, participle of the present tense Raising; increasing; augmenting; aggravating.

Enharbor

ENH`ARBOR, verb intransitive To dwell in or inhabit.

Browne.

Enharden

ENH`ARDEN, verb transitive To harden; to encourage.

Howell.

Enharmonic

ENHARMON'IC, adjective [from harmonic, harmony.]

In music, an epithet applied to such species of composition, as proceed on very small intervals, or smaller intervals than the diatonic and chromatic. An enharmonic interval is the eighth of a tone.

Encyc.

Enigma

ENIG'MA, noun [Latin oenigma; Greek, from, to hint.]

A dark saying, in which some known thing is concealed under obscure language; an obscure question; a riddle. A question, saying or painting, containing a hidden meaning, which is proposed to be guessed.

Johnson. Encyc.

Enigmatic

ENIGMAT'IC, or ENIGMAT'ICAL, adjective Relating to or containing a riddle; obscure; darkly expressed; ambiguous.

2. Obscurely conceived or apprehended.

Enigmatically

ENIGMAT'ICALLY, adverb In an obscure manner; in a sense different from that which the words in common acceptation imply.

Enigmatist

ENIG'MATIST, noun A maker or dealer in enigmas and riddles.

Addison.

Enigmatize

ENIG'MATIZE, verb intransitive To utter or form enigmas; to deal in riddles.

Enigmatography

ENIGMATOG'RAPHY, or ENIGMATOL'OGY, noun [Greek, and, or.]

The art of making riddles; or the art of solving them.

Enjoin

ENJOIN', verb transitive [French enjoindre; en and joindre, to join; Italian ingiugnere; Latin injungo; in and jungo. See Join. We observe that the primary sense of join is to set, extend or lay to, to throw to or on; otherwise the sense of order or command could not spring from it. To enjoin is to set or lay to or on.]

1. To order or direct with urgency; to admonish or instruct with authority; to command. Says Johnson, ``this word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than command.' It has the force of pressing admonition with authority; as, a parent enjoins on his children the duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of command; as the duties enjoined by God in the moral law.

2. In law, to forbid judicially; to issue or direct a legal injunction to stop proceedings.

This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from disturbing the plaintiffs.

Kent.

Enjoined

ENJOIN'ED, participle passive Ordered; directed; admonished with authority; commanded.

Enjoiner

ENJOIN'ER, noun One who enjoins.

Enjoining

ENJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Ordering; directing.

Brown.

Enjoinment

ENJOIN'MENT, noun Direction; command; authoritative admonition.

Enjoy

ENJOY', verb transitive [French jouir; Armoric jouičza; Italian gioire. See Joy.]

1. To feel or perceive with pleasure; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of. We enjoy the dainties of a feast, the conversation of friends, and our own meditations.

I could enjoy the pangs of death,

And smile in agony.

Addison.

2. To possess with satisfaction; to take pleasure or delight in the possession of.

Thou shalt beget sons, but thou shalt not enjoy them. Deuteronomy 28.

3. To have, possess and use with satisfaction; to have, hold or occupy, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. We enjoy a free constitution and inestimable privileges.

That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his fathers. Numbers 36.

The land shall enjoy her sabbaths. Leviticus 26.

To enjoy one's self, is to feel pleasure or satisfaction in one's own mind, or to relish the pleasures in which one partakes; to be happy.

Enjoy

ENJOY', verb intransitive To live in happiness. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Enjoyable

ENJOY'ABLE, adjective Capable of being enjoyed.

Pope.

Enjoyed

ENJOY'ED, participle passive Perceived with pleasure or satisfaction; possessed or used with pleasure; occupied with content.

Enjoyer

ENJOY'ER, noun One who enjoys.

Enjoying

ENJOY'ING, participle of the present tense Feeling with pleasure; possessing with satisfaction.

Enjoyment

ENJOY'MENT, noun Pleasure; satisfaction; agreeable sensations; fruition.

2. Possession with satisfaction; occupancy of any thing good or desirable; as the enjoyment of an estate; the enjoyment of civil and religious privileges.

Enkindle

ENKIN'DLE, verb transitive [from kindle.] To kindle; to set on fire; to inflame; as, to enkindle sparks into a flame. In this literal sense, kindle is generally used.

2. To excite; to rouse into action; to inflame; as, to enkindle the passions into a flame; to enkindle zeal; to enkindle war or discord, or the flames of war.

Enkindled

ENKIN'DLED, participle passive Set on fire; inflamed; roused into action; excited.

Enkindling

ENKIN'DLING, participle of the present tense Setting on fire; inflaming; rousing; exciting.

Enlard

ENL`ARD, verb transitive To cover with lard or grease; to baste.

Shak.

Enlarge

ENL`ARGE, v. t. enlÃƒ- rj. [from large.] To make greater in quantity or dimensions; to extend in limits, breadth or size; to expand in bulk. Every man desires to enlarge his possessions; the prince, his dominions; and the landholder, his farm. The body is enlarged by nutrition, and a good man rejoices to enlarge the sphere of his benevolence.

God shall enlarge Japhet. Genesis 9.

2. To dilate; to expand; as with joy or love. O`ye Corinthians, our mouth is open to you, our heart is enlarged.

St. Paul.

3. To expand; to make more comprehensive. Science enlarges the mind.

4. To increase in appearance; to magnify to the eye; as by a glass.

5. To set at liberty; to release from confinement or pressure.

Shak.

6. To extend in a discourse; to diffuse in eloquence.

They enlarged themselves on this subject.

Clarendon.

In this application, the word is generally intransitive.

7. To augment; to increase; to make large or larger, in a general sense; a word of general application.

To enlarge the heart, may signify to open and expand in good will; to make free, liberal and charitable.

Enlarge

ENL`ARGE, v. i. enlÃƒ- rj. To grow large or larger; to extend; to dilate; to expand. A plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a volume of air enlarges by rarefaction.

2. To be diffuse in speaking or writing; to expatiate. I might enlarge on this topic.

3. To exaggerate.

Swift.

Enlarged

ENL`ARGED, participle passive Increased in bulk; extended in dimensions; expanded; dilated; augmented; released from confinement or straits.

Enlargedly

ENL`ARGEDLY, adverb With enlargement.

Mountagu.

Enlargement

ENL`ARGEMENT, noun Increase of size or bulk, real or apparent; extension of dimensions or limits; augmentation; dilatation; expansion. The enlargement of bulk may be by accretion or addition; of dimensions, by spreading, or by additions to length and breadth; of a sum or amount, by addition, collection or accumulation.

2. Expansion or extension, applied to the mind, to knowledge, or to the intellectual powers, by which the mind comprehends a wider range of ideas or thought.

3. Expansion of the heart, by which it becomes more benevolent and charitable.

4. Release from confinement, servitude, distress or straits. Esther 4.

Shak.

5. Diffusiveness of speech or writing; an expatiating on a particular subject; a wide range of discourse or argument.

Clarendon.

Enlarger

ENL`ARGER, noun He or that which enlarges, increases, extends or expands; an amplifier.

Brown.

Enlarging

ENL`ARGING, participle of the present tense Increasing in bulk; extending in dimensions; expanding; making free or liberal; speaking diffusively.

Enlarging

ENL`ARGING, noun Enlargement.

Enlight

ENLI'GHT, v. t. enli'te. To illuminate; to enlighten.

Pope.

[See Enlighten. Enlight is rarely used.]

Enlighten

ENLI'GHTEN, v. t. enli'tn. [from light; Saxon enlihtan, onlihtan.]

1. To make light; to shed light on; to supply with light; to illuminate; as, the sun enlightens the earth.

His lightnings enlightened the world. Psalm 97.

2. To quicken in the faculty of vision; to enable to see more clearly.

Jonathan'sÃ‚--eyes were enlightened. 1 Samuel 14.

3. To give light to; to give clearer views; to illuminate; to instruct; to enable to see or comprehend truth; as, to enlighten the mind or understanding.

4. To illuminate with divine knowledge, or a knowledge of the truth.

Those who were once enlightened. Hebrews 6.

Enlightened

ENLI'GHTENED, participle passive Rendered light; illuminated; instructed; informed; furnished with clear views.

Enlightener

ENLI'GHTENER, noun One who illuminates; he or that which communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind.

Milton.

Enlightening

ENLI'GHTENING, participle of the present tense Illuminating; giving light to; instructing.

Enlink

ENLINK', verb transitive [from link.] To chain to; to connect.

Shak.

Enlist

ENLIST', verb transitive [See List.] To enroll; to register; to enter a name on a list.

2. To engage in public service, by entering the name in a register; as, an officer enlists men.

Enlist

ENLIST', verb intransitive To engage in public service, by subscribing articles, or enrolling one's name.

Enlistment

ENLIST'MENT, noun The act of enlisting; the writing by which a soldier is bound.

Enliven

ENLI'VEN, v. t. enli'vn. [from life, live.] Literally, to give life. Hence,

1. To give action or motion to; to make vigorous or active; to excite; as, fresh fuel enlivens a fire.

2. To give spirit or vivacity to; to animate; to make sprightly. Social mirth and good humor enliven company; they enliven the dull and gloomy.

3. To make cheerful, gay or joyous.

Enlivened

ENLI'VENED, participle passive Made more active; excited; animated; made cheerful or gay.

Enlivener

ENLI'VENER, noun He or that which enlivens or animates; he or that which invigorates.

Enlivening

ENLI'VENING, participle of the present tense Giving life, spirit or animation; inspiriting; invigorating; making vivacious, sprightly or cheerful.

Enlumine

ENLU'MINE, verb transitive To illumine; to enlighten. [See the latter words.]

Enmarble

ENMAR'BLE, verb transitive To make hard as marble; to harden.

Spenser.

Enmesh

ENMESH', verb transitive [from mesh.] To net; to entangle; to entrap.

Shak.

Enmity

EN'MITY, noun [French inimitiÃƒ-©; in and amitiÃƒ-©, friendship, amity. See Enemy.]

1. The quality of being an enemy; the opposite of friendship; ill will; hatred; unfriendly dispositions; malevolence. It expresses more than aversion and less than malice, and differs from displeasure in denoting a fixed or rooted hatred, whereas displeasure is more transient.

I will put enmity between thee and the woman. Genesis 3.

The carnal mind is enmity against God. Romans 8.

2. A state of opposition.

The friendship of the world is enmity with God. James 4.

Enneacontahedral

ENNEACONTAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek and.] Having ninety faces.

Cleaveland.

Enneagon

EN'NEAGON, noun [Greek, nine, and, an angle.]

In geometry, a polygon or figure with nine sides or nine angles.

Enneander

ENNEAN'DER, noun [Greek, nine, and, a male.] In botany, a plant having nine stamens.

Enneandrian

ENNEAN'DRIAN, adjective Having nine stamens.

Enneapetalous

ENNEAPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, nine, and, a leaf.] Having nine petals or flower-leaves.

Enneatical

ENNEAT'ICAL, adjective [Greek, nine.] Enneatical days, are every ninth day of a disease. Enneatical years, are every ninth year of a man's life.

Johnson.

Ennew

ENNEW', verb transitive To make new. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Ennoble

ENNO'BLE, verb transitive [French ennoblir. See Noble.]

1. To make noble; to raise to nobility; as, to ennoble a commoner.

2. To dignify; to exalt; to aggrandize; to elevate in degree, qualities or excellence.

What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards?

Pope.

3. To make famous or illustrious.

Bacon.

Ennobled

ENNO'BLED, participle passive Raised to the rank of nobility; dignified; exalted in rank, excellence or value.

Ennoblement

ENNO'BLEMENT, noun The act of advancing to nobility.

Bacon.

2. Exaltation; elevation in degree or excellence.

Glanville.

Ennobling

ENNO'BLING, participle of the present tense Advancing to the rank of a nobleman; exalting; dignifying.

Ennui

ENNUI, noun [French weariness; Italian noia, whence noiare, annoiare, to tire, to vex, French ennuyer. Class Ng.] Weariness; heaviness; lassitude of fastidiousness.

Enodation

ENODA'TION, noun [Latin enodatio, from enodo, to clear from knots; e and nodus, a knot.]

1. The act or operation of clearing of knots, or of untying.

2. Solution of a difficulty. [Little used.]

Enode

ENO'DE, adjective [Latin enodis; e and nodus, knot.]

In botany, destitute of knots or joints; knotless.

Enomotarch

ENOM'OTARCH, noun The commander of an enomoty.

Mitford.

Enomoty

ENOM'OTY, noun [Greek; and, to swear.]

In Lacedaemon, anciently, a body of soldiers, supposed to be thirty two; but the precise number is uncertain.

Mitford.

Enorm

ENORM', adjective [Not used. See Enormous.]

Enormity

ENOR'MITY, noun [Latin enormitas. See Enormous.]

1. Literally, the transgression of a rule, or deviation from right. Hence, any wrong, irregular, vicious or sinful act, either in government or morals.

We shall speak of the enormities of the government.

Spenser.

This law will not restrain the enormity.

Hooker.

2. Atrocious crime; flagitious villainy; a crime which exceeds the common measure.

Swift.

3. Atrociousness; excessive degree of crime or guilt. Punishment should be proportioned to the enormity of the crime.

Enormous

ENOR'MOUS, adjective [Latin enormis; e and norma, a rule.]

1. Going beyond the usual measure or rule. Enormous in their gait.

Milton.

2. Excursive; beyond the limits of a regular figure.

The enormous part of the light in the circumference of every lucid point.

Newton.

3. Great beyond the common measure; excessive; as enormous crime or guilt.

4. Exceeding, in bulk or highth, the common measure; as an enormous form; a man of enormous size.

5. Irregular; confused; disordered; unusual.

Shak.

Enormously

ENOR'MOUSLY, adverb Excessively; beyond measure; as an opinion enormously absurd.

Enormousness

ENOR'MOUSNESS, noun The state of being enormous or excessive; greatness beyond measure.

Enough

ENOUGH', a. enuf'. [Saxon genog, genoh; Gothic ganah; German genug, gnug; Dutch genoeg; Swedish nog; Danish nok; Saxon genogan, to multiply; German genÃƒ-¼gen, to satisfy; Dutch genoegen, to satisfy, please, content. The Swedes and Danes drop the prefix, as the Danes do in nogger, to gnaw. This word may be the Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic to rest, to be quiet or satisfied. Class Ng. No. 14.]

That satisfies desire, or gives content; that may answer the purpose; that is adequate to the wants.

She said, we have straw and provender enough. Genesis 24.

How many hired servants of my father have bread enough, and to spare. Luke 15.

[Note. This word, in vulgar language, is sometimes placed before its noun, like most other adjectives. But in elegant discourse or composition, it always follows the noun, to which it refers; as, bread enough; money enough.]

Enough

ENOUGH', n. enuf'. A sufficiency; a quantity of a thing which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants. We have enough of this sort of cloth.

And Esau said, I have enough, my brother. Genesis 33.

Israel said, it is enough; Joseph is yet alive. Genesis 45.

2. That which is equal to the powers or abilities. He had enough to do to take care of himself.

Enough

ENOUGH', adv. enuf'. Sufficiently; in a quantity or degree that satisfies, or is equal to the desires or wants.

The land, behold, it is large enough for them. Genesis 34.

Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount. Deuteronomy 1.

2. Fully; quite; denoting a slight augmentation of the positive degree. He is ready enough to embrace the offer. It is pleasant enough to consider the different notions of different men respecting the same thing.

3. Sometimes it denotes diminution, delicately expressing rather less than is desired; such a quantity or degree as commands acquiescence, rather than full satisfaction. The song or the performance is well enough.

4. An exclamation denoting sufficiency. Enough, enough, I'll hear no more.

Enounce

ENOUNCE, v. t. enouns'. [French enoncer; Latin enuncio; e and nuncio, to declare.]

To utter; to pronounce; to declare. [Little used.]

Enounced

ENOUN'CED, participle passive Uttered; pronounced.

Enouncing

ENOUN'CING, participle of the present tense Uttering; pronouncing.

Enow

ENOW, the old plural of enough, is nearly obsolete.

En passant. [French] In passing; by the way.

Enquicken

ENQUICK'EN, verb transitive To quicken; to make alive. [Not used.]

Enquire

ENQUIRE, usually written inquire, which see and its derivatives.

Enrace

ENRA'CE, verb transitive To implant. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Enrage

ENRA'GE, verb transitive [French enrager. See Rage.]

To excite rage in; to exasperate; to provoke to fury or madness; to make furious.

Enraged

ENRA'GED, participle passive Made furious; exasperated; provoked to madness.

Enraging

ENRA'GING, participle of the present tense Exasperating; provoking to madness.

Enrange

ENRA'NGE, verb transitive To put in order; to rove over. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Enrank

ENRANK', verb transitive To place in ranks or order.

Shak.

Enrapture

ENRAP'TURE, verb transitive [from rapture.] To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure. Enrapt, in a like sense, is little used, and is hardly legitimate.

Enraptured

ENRAP'TURED, participle passive Transported with pleasure; highly delighted.

Enrapturing

ENRAP'TURING, participle of the present tense Transporting with pleasure; highly delighting.

Enravish

ENRAV'ISH, verb transitive [from ravish.] To throw into ecstasy; to transport with delight; to enrapture.

Spenser.

Enravished

ENRAV'ISHED, participle passive Transported with delight or pleasure; enraptured.

Enravishing

ENRAV'ISHING, participle of the present tense Throwing into ecstasy; highly delighting.

Enravishment

ENRAV'ISHMENT, noun Ecstasy of delight; rapture.

Glanville.

Enregister

ENREG'ISTER, verb transitive [French enregistrer.] To register; to enroll or record.

Spenser.

Enrheum

ENRHEUM, verb intransitive [French enrhumer.] To have rheum through cold.

Enrich

ENRICH', verb transitive [French enrichir, from riche, rich.]

1. To make rich, wealthy or opulent; to supply with abundant property. Agriculture, commerce and manufactures enrich a nation. War and plunder seldom enrich, more generally they impoverish a country.

2. To fertilize; to supply with the nutriment of plants and render productive; as, to enrich land by manures or irrigation.

3. To store; to supply with an abundance of any thing desirable; as, to enrich the mind with knowledge, science or useful observations.

4. To supply with any thing splendid or ornamental; as, to enrich a painting with elegant drapery; to enrich a poem or oration with striking metaphors or images; to enrich a garden with flowers or shrubbery.

Enriched

ENRICH'ED, participle passive Made rich or wealthy; fertilized; supplied with that which is desirable, useful or ornamental.

Enricher

ENRICH'ER, noun One that enriches.

Enriching

ENRICH'ING, participle of the present tense Making opulent; fertilizing; supplying with what is splendid, useful or ornamental.

Enrichment

ENRICH'MENT, noun Augmentation of wealth; amplification; improvement; the addition of fertility or ornament.

Enridge

ENRIDGE, v. t. enrij'. To form into ridges.

Shak.

Enring

ENRING', verb transitive To encircle; to bind.

Shak.

Enripen

ENRI'PEN, verb transitive To ripen; to bring to perfection.

Donne.

Enrive

ENRI'VE, verb transitive To rive; to cleave.

Spenser.

Enrobe

ENRO'BE, verb transitive [from robe.] To clothe with rich attire; to attire; to invest.

Shak.

Enrobed

ENRO'BED, participle passive Attired; invested.

Enrobing

ENRO'BING, participle of the present tense Investing; attiring.

Enroll

ENROLL, verb transitive [French enroler, from role, rolle, a roll or register.]

1. To write in a roll or register; to insert a name or enter in a list or catalogue; as, men are enrolled for service.

2. To record; to insert in records; to leave in writing.

Milton. Shak.

3. To wrap; to involve. [Not now used.]

Spenser.

Enrolled

ENROLLED, participle passive Inserted in a roll or register; recorded.

Enroller

ENROLLER, noun He that enrolls or registers.

Enrolling

ENROLLING, participle of the present tense Inserting in a register; recording.

Enrollment

ENROLLMENT, noun A register; a record; a writing in which any thing is recorded.

2. The act of enrolling.

Enroot

ENROOT', verb transitive [from root.] To fix by the root; to fix fast; to implant deep.

Shak.

Enrooted

ENROOT'ED, participle passive Fixed by the root; planted or fixed deep.

Enrooting

ENROOT'ING, participle of the present tense Fixing by the root; planting deep.

Enround

ENROUND', verb transitive To environ; to surround; to inclose. [Not used.]

Shak.

Ens

ENS, noun [Latin ens, part. present of esse, to be.] Entity; being; existence. Among the old chimists, the power, virtue or efficacy, which certain substances exert on our bodies; or the things which are supposed to contain all the qualities or virtues of the ingredients they are drawn from, in little room. [Little used.]

Encyc. Johnson.

Ensample

ENSAM'PLE, noun [Irregularly formed from example or sample, Italian esempio, Latin exemplum.]

An example; a pattern or model for imitation.

Being ensamples to the flock. 1 Peter 5.

Ensample

ENSAM'PLE, verb transitive To exemplify; to shew by example. This word is seldom used, either as a noun or a verb. [See Example.]

Ensanguine

ENSAN'GUINE, verb transitive [Latin sanguis, blood; sanguine.]

To stain or cover with blood; to smear with gore; as an ensanguined field.

Milton.

Ensanguined

ENSAN'GUINED, participle passive Suffused or stained withblood.

Ensate

EN'SATE, adjective [Latin ensis, a sword.] Having sword-shaped leaves.

Enschedule

ENSCHED'ULE, verb transitive To insert in a schedule. [See Schedule.]

Shak.

Ensconce

ENSCONCE, v. t. enscons'. [from sconce.]

To cover, or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to protect; to secure.

I will ensconce me behind the arras.

Shak.

Ensconced

ENSCON'CED, participle passive Covered, or sheltered, as by a sconce or fort; protected; secured.

Ensconcing

ENSCON'CING, participle of the present tense Covering, or sheltering, as by a fort.

Enseal

ENSE'AL, verb transitive [from seal.] To seal; to fix a seal on; to impress.

Ensealed

ENSE'ALED, participle passive Impressed with a seal.

Ensealing

ENSE'ALING, participle of the present tense Sealing; affixing a seal to.

Ensealing

ENSE'ALING, noun The act of affixing a seal to.

Enseam

ENSE'AM, verb transitive [from seam.] To sew up; to inclose by a seam or juncture of needlework.

Camden.

Enseamed

ENSE'AMED, adjective Greasy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ensear

ENSE'AR, verb transitive [from sear.] To sear; to cauterize; to close or stop by burning to hardness.

Shak.

Ensearch

ENSEARCH', v. i. enserch'. To search for; to try to find. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Ensemble

ENSEM'BLE, noun [French] One with another; on an average.

Enshield

ENSHIE'LD, verb transitive [from shield.] To shield; to cover; to protect.

Shak.

Enshrine

ENSHRI'NE, verb transitive [from shrine.] To inclose in a shrine or chest; to deposit for safe-keeping in a cabinet.

Milton.

Enshrined

ENSHRI'NED, participle passive Inclosed or preserved in a shrine or chest.

2. Inclosed; placed as in a shrine.

Wisdom enshrined in beauty.

Percival.

Enshrining

ENSHRI'NING, participle of the present tense Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet.

Ensiferous

ENSIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin ensis, sword, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or carrying a sword.

Ensiform

EN'SIFORM, adjective [Latin ensiformis; ensis, sword, and forma, form.]

Having the shape of a sword; as the ensiform or xiphoid cartilage; an ensiform leaf.

Quincy. Martyn.

Ensign

EN'SIGN, n. en'sine. [French enseigne; Latin insigne, insignia, from signum, a mark impressed, a sign.]

1. The flag or banner of a military band; a banner of colors; a standard; a figured cloth or piece of silk, attached to a staff, and usually with figures, colors or arms thereon, borne by an officer at the head of a company, troop or other band.

2. Any signal to assemble or to give notice.

He will lift up an ensign to the nations. Isaiah 5.

Ye shall be left as an ensign on a hill. Isaiah 30.

3. A badge; a mark of distinction, rank or office; as ensigns of power or virtue.

Waller. Dryden.

4. The officer who carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned officer in a company of infantry.

5. Naval ensign, is a large banner hoisted on a staff and carried over the poop or stern of a ship; used to distinguish ships of different nations, or to characterize different squadrons of the same navy.

Mar. Dict.

Ensign-Bearer

EN'SIGN-BEARER, noun He that carries the flag; an ensign.

Ensigncy

EN'SIGNCY, noun The rank, office or commission of an ensign.

Enskied

ENSKI'ED, adjective Placed in heaven; made immortal. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Enslave

ENSLA'VE, verb transitive [from slave.] To reduce to slavery or bondage; to deprive of liberty and subject to the will of a master. Barbarous nations enslave their prisoners of war, but civilized men barbarously and wickedly purchase men to enslave them.

2. To reduce to servitude or subjection. Men often suffer their passions and appetites to enslave them. They are enslaved to lust, to anger, to intemperance, to avarice.

Enslaved

ENSLA'VED, participle passive Reduced to slavery or subjection.

Enslavement

ENSLA'VEMENT, noun The state of being enslaved; slavery; bondage; servitude.

South.

Enslaver

ENSLA'VER, noun He who reduces another to bondage.

Swift.

Enslaving

ENSLA'VING, participle of the present tense Reducing to bondage; depriving of liberty.

Ensnare

ENSNARE. [See Insnare.]

Ensober

ENSO'BER, verb transitive [from sober.] To make sober.

Taylor.

Ensphere

ENSPHE'RE, verb transitive [from sphere.] To place in a sphere.

Hall.

2. To make into a sphere.

Carew.

Enstamp

ENSTAMP', verb transitive [from stamp.] To impress as with a stamp; to impress deeply.

God enstamped his image on man.

Enfield.

Enstamped

ENSTAMP'ED, participle passive Impressed deeply.

Enstamping

ENSTAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing deeply.

Enstyle

ENSTY'LE, verb transitive To style; to name; to call. [Little used.]

Drayton.

Ensue

ENSU'E, verb transitive [French ensuivre; Norm. ensuer; Spanish seguir; Italian seguire; Latin sequor, to follow. See Seek.]

To follow; to pursue.

Seek peace, and ensue it. 1 Peter 3.

[In this sense, it is obsolete.]

Ensue

ENSU'E, verb intransitive To follow as a consequence of premises; as, from these facts or this evidence, the argument will ensue.

2. To follow in a train of events or course of time; to succeed; to come after. He spoke and silence ensued. We say, the ensuing age or years; the ensuing events.

Ensuing

ENSU'ING, participle of the present tense Following as a consequence; succeeding.

Ensure

ENSURE, and its derivatives. [See Insure.]

Ensweep

ENSWEE'P, verb transitive To sweep over; to pass over rapidly.

Thomson.

Entablature

ENTAB'LATURE, or ENTAB'LEMENT, noun [Spanish entablamento; French entablement; Spanish entablar, to cover with boards, from Latin tabula, a board or table.]

In architecture, that part of the order of a column, which is over the capital, including the architrave, frieze and cornice, being the extremity of the flooring.

Encyc. Harris.

Entackle

ENTACK'LE, verb transitive To supply with tackle. [Not used.]

Skelton.

Entail

ENTA'IL, noun [French entailler, to cut, from tatiler, Italian tagliare, id. Feudum tallialum, a fee entailed, abridged, curtailed, limited.]

1. An estate or fee entailed, or limited in descent to a particular heir or heirs. Estates-tail are general, as when lands and tenements are given to one and the heirs of his body begotten; or special, as when lands and tenements are given to one and the heirs of his body by a particular wife.

Blackstone.

2. Rule of descent settled for an estate.

3. Engraver's work; inlay. Obs.

Spenser.

Entail

ENTA'IL, verb transitive To settle the descent of lands and tenements, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can alienate or bequeath it; as, to entail a manor to AB and to his eldest son, or to his heirs of his body begotten, or to his heirs by a particular wife.

2. To fix unalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants. By the apostasy misery is supposed to be entailed on mankind. The intemperate often entail infirmities, diseases and ruin on their children.

3. [from the French verb.] To cut; to carve for ornament. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Entailed

ENTA'ILED, participle passive Settled on a man and certain heirs specified.

2. Settled on a person and his descendants.

Entailing

ENTA'ILING, participle of the present tense Settling the descent of an estate; giving, as lands and tenemeuts, and prescribing the mode of descent; settling unalienably on a person or thing.

Entailment

ENTA'ILMENT, noun The act of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent, or of limiting the descent to a particular heir or heirs.

2. The act of settling unalienably on a man and his heirs.

Entame

ENTA'ME, verb transitive [from tame.] To tame; to subdue.

Gower.

Entangle

ENTAN'GLE, verb transitive [from tangle.] To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated; to make confused or disordered; as, thread, yarn or ropes may be entangled; to entangle the hair.

2. To involve in any thing complicated, and from which it is difficult to extricate one's self; as, to entangle the feet in a net, or in briers.

3. To lose in numerous or complicated involutions, as in a labyrinth.

4. To involve in difficulties; to perplex; to embarrass; as, to entangle a nation in alliances.

5. To puzzle; to bewilder; as, to entangle the understanding.

Locke.

6. To insnare by captious questions; to catch; to perplex; to involve in contradictions.

The Pharisees took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk. Matthew 22.

7. To perplex or distract, as with cares.

No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life. 2 Timothy 2.

8. To multiply intricacies and difficulties.

Entangled

ENTAN'GLED, participle passive or adjective Twisted together; interwoven in a confused manner; intricate; perplexed; involved; embarrassed; insnared.

Entanglement

ENTAN'GLEMENT, noun Involution; a confused or disordered state; intricacy; perplexity.

Locke.

Entangler

ENTAN'GLER, noun One who entangles.

Entangling

ENTAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Involving; interweaving or interlocking in confusion; perplexing; insnaring.

Entender

ENTEN'DER, verb transitive To treat with tenderness or kindness.

Young.

Enter

EN'TER, verb transitive [French entrer, from entre, between, Latin inter, intra, whence intro, to enter; Italian entrare; Spanish entrar. The Latin inter seems to be in, with the termination ter, as in subter, from sub.]

1. To move or pass into a place, in any manner whatever; to come or go in; to walk or ride in; to flow in; to pierce or penetrate. A man enters a house; an army

enters a city or a camp; a river enters the sea; a sword enters the body; the air enters a room at every crevice.

2. To advance into, in the progress of life; as, a youth has entered his tenth year.

3. To begin in a business, employment or service; to enlist or engage in; as, the soldier entered the service at eighteen years of age.

4. To become a member of; as, to enter college; to enter a society.

5. To admit or introduce; as, the youth was entered a member of College.

6. To set down in writing; to set an account in a book or register; as, the clerk entered the account or charge in the journal; he entered debt and credit at the time.

7. To set down, as a name; to enroll; as, to enter a name in the enlistment.

8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and gain admittance or permission to land; as, to enter goods. We say also, to enter a ship at the customhouse.

Enter

EN'TER, verb intransitive To go or come in; to pass into; as, to enter into a country.

2. To flow in; as, water enters into a ship.

3. To pierce; to penetrate; as, a ball or an arrow enters into the body.

4. To penetrate mentally; as, to enter into the principles of action.

5. To engage in; as, to enter into business or service; to enter into visionary projects.

6. To be initiated in; as, to enter into a taste of pleasure or magnificence.

Addison.

7. To be an ingredient; to form a constituent part. Lead enters into the composition of pewter.

Enterdeal

EN'TERDEAL, noun Mutual dealings. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Entered

EN'TERED, participle passive Moved in; come in; pierced; penetrated; admitted; introduced; set down in writing.

Entering

EN'TERING, participle of the present tense Coming or going in; flowing in; piercing; penetrating; setting down in writing; enlisting; engaging.

Entering

EN'TERING, noun Entrance; a passing in. 1 Thessalonians 1.

Enterlace

ENTERLACE. [See Interlace.]

Enterocele

EN'TEROCELE, noun [Greek, intestine, and, tumor.]

In surgery, intestinal hernia; a rupture of the intestines.

Coxe.

Enterology

ENTEROL'OGY, noun [Greek, intestine, and, discourse.]

A treatise or discourse on the bowels or internal parts of the body, usually including the contents of the head, breast and belly.

Quincy.

Enteromphalos

ENTEROM'PHALOS, noun [Greek, intestine, and, navel.] Navel rupture; umbilical rupture.

Enterparlance

ENTERP`ARLANCE, noun [French entre, between, and parler, to speak.]

Parley; mutual talk or conversation; conference.

Hayward.

Enterplead

ENTERPLEAD. [See Interplead.]

Enterprise

EN'TERPRISE, n. s as z. [French from entreprendre, to undertake; entre, in or between, and prendre, to take, prise, a taking.]

That which is undertaken, or attempted to be performed; an attempt; a project attempted; particularly, a bold, arduous or hazardous undertaking, either physical or moral. The attack on Stoney-Point was, a bold, but successful enterprise. The at- tempts to evangelize the heathen are noble enterprises.

Their hands cannot perform their enterprise. Job 5.

Enterprise

EN'TERPRISE, verb transitive To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform.

The business must be enterprised this night.

Dryden.

Enterprised

EN'TERPRISED, participle passive Undertaken; attempted; essayed.

Enterpriser

EN'TERPRISER, noun An adventurer; one who undertakes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazardous one; a person who engages in important or dangerous designs.

Hayward.

Enterprising

EN'TERPRISING, participle of the present tense Undertaking, especially a bold design.

2. adjective Bold or forward to undertake; resolute, active, or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes. Enterprising men often succeed beyond all human probability.

Entertain

ENTERTA'IN, verb transitive [French entretenir; entre, in or between, and tenir, to hold. Latin teneo.]

1. To receive into the house and treat with hospitality, either at the table only, or with lodging also.

Be not forgetful to entertain strangers; for thereby some have entertained angels unawares. Hebrews 13.

2. To treat with conversation; to amuse or instruct by discourse; properly, to engage the attention and retain the company of one, by agreeable conversation, discourse or argument. The advocate entertained his audience an hour, with sound argument and brilliant displays of eloquence.

3. To keep in one's service; to maintain.

He entertained ten domestics.

You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred.

Shak.

[This original and French sense is obsolete or little used.]

4. To keep, hold or maintain in the mind with favor; to reserve in the mind; to harbor; to cherish. Let us entertain the most exalted views of the Divine character. It is our duty to entertain charitable sentiments towards our fellow men.

5. To maintain; to support; as, to entertain a hospital. Obs.

6. To please; to amuse; to divert. David entertained himself with the mediation of God's law. Idle men entertain themselves with trifles.

7. To treat; to supply with provisions and liquors, or with provisions and lodging, for reward. The innkeeper entertains a great deal of company.

Entertain

ENTERTA'IN, noun Entertainment. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Entertained

ENTERTA'INED, participle passive Received with hospitality, as a guest; amused; pleased and engaged; kept in the mind; retained.

Entertainer

ENTERTA'INER, noun He who entertains; he who receives company with hospitality, or for reward.

2. He who retains others in his service.

3. He that amuses, pleases or diverts.

Entertaining

ENTERTA'INING, participle of the present tense Receiving with hospitality; receiving and treating with provisions and accommodations, for reward; keeping or cherishing with favor; engaging the attention; amusing.

2. adjective Pleasing; amusing; diverting; as an entertaining discourse; an entertaining friend.

Entertainingly

ENTERTA'ININGLY, adverb In an amusing manner.

Warton.

Entertainment

ENTERTA'INMENT, noun The receiving and accommodating of guests, either with or without reward. The hospitable man delights in the entertainment of his friends.

2. Provisions of the table; hence also, a feast; a superb dinner or supper.

3. The amusement, pleasure or instruction, derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oratory, music, dramatic performances, &c.; the pleasure which the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which holds or arrests the attention. We often have rich entertainment, in the conversation of a learned friend.

4. Reception; admission.

Tillotson.

5. The state of being in pay or service. [Not used.]

Shak.

6. Payment of those retained in service.

Obs.

Davies.

7. That which entertains; that which serves for amusement; the lower comedy; farce.

Gay.

Entertissued

ENTERTIS'SUED, adjective [French entre and tissu.] Interwoven; having various colors intermixed.

Shak.

Entheastic

ENTHEAS'TIC, adjective [Greek and, God.] Having the energy of God.

Entheastically

ENTHEAS'TICALLY, adverb According to deific energy.

Trans. of Pausanias.

Entheat

EN'THEAT, adjective [Greek.] Enthusiastic. [Not in use.]

Enthrall

ENTHRALL', verb transitive To enslave. [See Inthrall.]

Enthrill

ENTHRILL', verb transitive To pierce. [See Thrill.]

Enthrone

ENTHRO'NE, verb transitive [from throne.] To place on a throne; to exalt to the seat of royalty.

Beneath a sculptured arch he sits enthroned.

Pope.

2. To exalt to an elevated place or seat.

Shak.

3. To invest with sovereign authority.

Ayliffe.

Enthroned

ENTHRO'NED, participle passive Seated on a throne; exalted to an elevated place.

Enthroning

ENTHRO'NING, participle of the present tense Seating on a throne; raising to an exalted seat.

Enthunder

ENTHUN'DER, verb intransitive To make a loud noise, like thunder.

Enthusiasm

ENTHU'SIASM, n. enthu'ziazm. [Greek, from, to infuse a divine spirit, from, inspired, divine; and, God.]

1. A belief or conceit of private revelation; the vain confidence or opinion of a person, that he has special divine communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar intercourse with him.

Enthusiasm is founded neither on reason nor divine revelation, but rises from the conceits of a warmed or overweening imagination.

Locke.

2. Heat of imagination; violent passion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some object, inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of success. Hence the same heat of imagination, chastised by reason or experience, becomes a noble passion, an elevated fancy, a warm imagination, an ardent zeal, that forms sublime ideas, and prompts to the ardent pursuit of laudable objects. Such is the enthusiasm of the poet, the orator, the painter and the sculptor. Such is the enthusiasm of the patriot, the hero and the christian.

Faction and enthusiasm are the instruments by which popular governments are destroyed.

Ames.

Enthusiast

ENTHU'SIAST, n. enthu'ziast. [Greek.]

1. One who imagines he has special or supernatural converse with God, or special communications from him.

2. One whose imagination is warmed; one whose mind is highly excited with the love or in the pursuit of an object; a person of ardent zeal; as an enthusiast in poetry or music.

3. One of elevated fancy or exalted ideas.

Dryden.

Enthusiastic

ENTHUSIAS'TIC, or ENTHUSIAS'TICAL, adjective Filled with enthusiasm, or the conceit of special intercourse with God or revelations from him.

2. Highly excited; warm and ardent; zealous in pursuit of an object; heated to animation. Our author was an enthusiastic lover of poetry and admirer of Homer.

3. Elevated; warm; tinctured with enthusiasm. The speaker addressed the audience in enthusiastic strains.

Enthusiastically

ENTHUSIAS'TICALLY, adverb With enthusiasm.

Enthymematical

ENTHYMEMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an enthymeme; including an enthymeme.

Encyc.

Enthymeme

EN'THYMEME, noun [Greek, from, to think or conceive; and, mind.]

In rhetoric, an argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and a consequent deduced from it; as, we are dependent, therefore we should be humble. Here the major proposition is suppressed; the complete syllogism would be, dependent creatures should be humble; we are dependent creatures; therefore we should be humble.

Entice

ENTI'CE, verb transitive [This word seems to be the Spanish atizar, Portugese atiÃƒ-§ar, French attiser, Armoric attisa, from Spanish tizon, Italian tizzone, French tison, Latin titio, a firebrand. The sense, in these languages, is to lay the firebrands together, or to stir the fire; to provoke; to incense. The sense in English is a little varied. If it is not the same word, I know not its origin.]

1. To incite or instigate, by exciting hope or desire; usually in a bad sense; as, to entice one to evil. Hence, to seduce; to lead astray; to induce to sin, by promises or persuasions.

My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. Proverbs 1.

2. To tempt; to incite; to urge or lead astray.

Every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust, and enticed. James 1.

3. To incite; to allure; in a good sense.

Enfield.

Enticed

ENTI'CED, participle passive Incited; instigated to evil; seduced by promises or persuasions; persuaded; allured.

Enticement

ENTI'CEMENT, noun The act or practice of inciting to evil; instigation; as the enticements of evil companions.

2. Means of inciting to evil; that which seduces by exciting the passions. Flattery often operates as an enticement to sin.

3. Allurement.

Enticer

ENTI'CER, noun One who entices; one who incites or instigates to evil; one who seduces.

Enticing

ENTI'CING, participle of the present tense Inciting to evil; urging to sin by motives, flattery or persuasion; alluring.

2. adjective Having the qualities that entice or allure.

Enticingly

ENTI'CINGLY, adverb Charmingly; in a winning manner.

She sings most enticingly.

Addison.

Entire

ENTI'RE, adjective [French entier; Spanish entero; Portugese inteiro; Italian intero; Armoric anterin; Latin integer, said to be in neg. and tango, to touch. Qu.]

1. Whole; undivided; unbroken; complete in its parts.

2. Whole; complete; not participated with others. This man has the entire control of the business.

3. Full; complete; comprising all requisites in itself.

An action is entire, when it is complete in all its parts.

Spectator.

4. Sincere; hearty.

He run a course more entire with the king of Arragon.

Bacon.

5. Firm; solid; sure; fixed; complete; undisputed.

Entire and sure the monarch's rule must prove.

Who founds her greatness on her subjects' love.

Prior.

6. Unmingled; unalloyed.

In thy presence joy entire.

Milton.

7. Wholly devoted; firmly adherent; faithful.

No man had a heart more entire to the king.

Clarendon.

8. In full strength; unbroken.

Spenser.

9. In botany, an entire stem is one without branches; an entire leaf is without any opening in the edge, not divided.

Martyn.

Entirely

ENTI'RELY, adverb Wholly; completely; fully; as, the money is entirely lost.

2. In the whole; without division.

EuphratesÃ‚--falls not entirely into the Persian sea.

Raleigh.

3. With firm adherence or devotion; faithfully.

Spenser.

Entireness

ENTI'RENESS, noun Completeness; fullness; totality; unbroken form or state; as the entireness of an arch or a bridge.

2. Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty.

Entirety

ENTI'RETY, noun Wholeness; completeness; as entirety of interest.

Blackstone.

2. The whole.

Bacon.

Entitative

EN'TITATIVE, adjective [from entity.] Considered by itself. [This word, and entitatively, rarely or never used.]

Entitle

ENTI'TLE, verb transitive [French intituler; Spanish intitular; Italian intitolare; from Latin titulus, a title.]

1. To give a title to; to give or prefix a name or appellation; as, to entitle a book, Commentaries on the laws of England.

2. To superscribe or prefix as a title. Hence as titles are evidences of claim or property, to give a claim to; to give a right to demand or receive. The labor of the servant entitles him to his wages. Milton is entitled him to his wages. Milton is entitled to fame. Our best services do not entitle us to heaven.

3. To assign or appropriate by giving a title.

4. To qualify; to give a claim by the possession of suitable qualifications; as, an officer's talents entitle him to command.

5. To dignify by a title or honorable appellation. In this sense, title is often used.

6. To ascribe. Obs.

Burnet.

Entitled

ENTI'TLED, participle passive Dignified or distinguished by a title; having a claim; as, every good man is entitled to respect.

Entitling

ENTI'TLING, participle of the present tense Dignifying or distinguishing by a title; giving a title; giving a claim.

Entity

EN'TITY, noun [Low Latin entitas; French entitÃƒ-©; Spanish entidad; Italian entitÃƒ- ; from ens, esse, to be.] Being; existence.

Fortune is no real entity.

Bentley.

2. A real being, or species of being.

Entoil

ENTOIL', verb transitive [See Toil.] To take with toils; to ensnare; to entangle.

Bacon.

Entomb

ENTOMB, v. t. entoom'. [from tomb.] To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body.

Hooker.

2. To bury in a grave; to inter.

Entombed

ENTOMBED, participle passive Deposited in a tomb; buried; interred.

Entombing

ENTOMBING, participle of the present tense Depositing in a tomb; burying; interring.

Entombment

ENTOMBMENT, noun Burial.

Barrow.

Entomolite

EN'TOMOLITE, noun [Greek, insect, and, stone.]

A fossil substance bearing the figure of an insect, or a petrified insect.

Ed. Encyc.

Entomological

ENTOMOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the science of insects.

Entomologist

ENTOMOL'OGIST, noun One versed in the science of insects.

Entomology

ENTOMOL'OGY, noun [Greek, insect, from, to cut, and, discourse.]

That part of zoology which treats of insects; the science or history and description of insects.

Entortilation

ENTORTILA'TION, noun [French entortillement.] A turning into a circle.

Donne.

Entrail

EN'TRAIL, or EN'TRAILS, noun [French entrailles; Armoric entrailhou; Greek. See Enter.]

1. The internal parts of animal bodies; particularly, the guts or intestines; the bowels; used chiefly in the plural.

2. The internal parts; as the entrails of the earth.

The dark entrails of America.

Locke.

Entrail

ENTRA'IL, verb transitive [Italian intralciare; French treillis, treillisser.] To interweave; to diversify. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Entrammeled

ENTRAM'MELED, adjective [from trammel.] Curled; frizzed. [Not used.]

Entrance

EN'TRANCE, noun [Latin intrans, intro; or from French entrant. See Enter.]

1. The act of entering into a place; as the entrance of a person into a house or an apartment.

2. The power of entering. Let the porter give no entrance to strangers.

Where diligence opens the door of the understanding, and impartiality keeps it, truth is sure to find an entrance and a welcome too.

South.

3. The door, gate, passage or avenue, by which a place may be entered.

They said, show us the entrance into the city. Judges 1.

4. Commencement; initiation; beginning. A youth at his entrance on a difficult science, is apt to be discouraged.

5. The act of taking possession, as of land; as the entrance of an heir or a disseizor into lands and tenements.

6. The act of taking possession, as of an office.

Magistrates at their entrance into office, usually take an oath.

7. The act of entering a ship or goods at the custom-house.

8. The beginning of any thing.

St. Augustine, in the entrance of one of his discourses, makes a kind of apology.

Hakewill.

Entranse

ENTR`ANSE, verb transitive or i. [from transe, French transe, Armoric treand. Qu. Latin transeo. The Armoric is from trÃƒ-©, across, and antren, to enter, or Italian andare, to go.]

1. To put in a transe; to withdraw the soul, and leave the body in a kind of dead sleep or insensibility; to make insensible to present objects. The verb is seldom used, but the participle, entransed, is common.

2. To put in an ecstasy; to ravish the soul with delight or wonder.

And I so ravish'd with her heavenly note,

I stood entransed, and had no room for thought.

Dryden.

Entransed

ENTR`ANSED, participle passive Put in a transe; having the soul withdrawn, and the body left in a state of insensibility; enraptured; ravished.

Entransing

ENTR`ANSING, participle of the present tense Carrying away the soul; enrapturing; ravishing.

Entrap

ENTRAP', verb transitive [French attraper; Italian attrappare. See Trap.]

To catch as in a trap; to insnare; used chiefly or wholly in a figurative sense. To catch by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to entangle; to catch or involve in contradictions; in short, to involve in any difficulties from which an escape is not easy or possible. We are entrapped by the devices of evil men. We are sometimes entrapped in our own words.

Entrapped

ENTRAP'PED, participle passive Ensnared; entangled.

Entrapping

ENTRAP'PING, participle of the present tense Ensnaring; involving in difficulties.

Entreat

ENTRE'AT, verb transitive [French en and traiter, Italian trattare, Spanish Portugese tratar, from Latin tracto, to handle, feel, treat, use, manage.]

1. To ask earnestly; to beseech; to petition or pray with urgency; to supplicate; to solicit pressingly; to importune.

Isaac entreated Jehovah for his wife. Genesis 25.

2. To prevail on by prayer or solicitation. Hence in the passive form, to be prevailed on; to yield to entreaty.

It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power, whom no prayers could entreat.

Rogers.

3. To treat, in any manner; properly, to use or manage; but I believe, entreat is always applied to persons, as treat is to persons or things. Applied to persons, to entreat is to use, or to deal with; to manifest to others any particular deportment, good or ill.

I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well. Jeremiah 15.

The Egyptians evil-entreated us. Deuteronomy 26.

[In this application, the prefix en is now dropped, and treat is used.]

4. To entertain; to amuse. Obs.

Shak.

5. To entertain; to receive. Obs.

Spenser.

Entreat

ENTRE'AT, verb intransitive To make an earnest petition or request.

The Janizaries entreated for them, as valiant men.

Knowles.

2. To offer a treaty. [Not used.]

Maccabees.

3. To treat; to discourse. [Not used.]

Hakewill.

Entreatance

ENTRE'ATANCE, noun Entreaty; solicitation. Obs.

Fairfax.

Entreated

ENTRE'ATED, participle passive Earnestly supplicated, besought or solicited; importuned; urgently requested.

2. Prevailed on by urgent solicitation; consenting to grant what is desired.

3. Used; managed.

Obs.

Entreater

ENTRE'ATER, noun One that entreats, or asks earnestly.

Entreating

ENTRE'ATING, participle of the present tense Earnestly asking; pressing with request or prayer; importuning.

2. Treating; using.

Obs.

Entreative

ENTRE'ATIVE, adjective Pleading; treating.

Brewer.

Entreaty

ENTRE'ATY, noun Urgent prayer; earnest petition; pressing solicitation; supplication.

The poor useth entreaties; but the rich answereth roughly. Proverbs 18.

Praying with much entreaty. 2 Corinthians 8.

Entremets

ENTREMETS, noun [French entre and mets, or Latin intromissum, Italian tramesso.]

Small plates set between the principal dishes at table, or dainty dishes.

Mortimer. French Dict.

Entrepot

ENTREPOT, noun [French entre and pot, for post, positum.]

A warehouse, staple or magazine, for the deposit of goods.

Entrick

ENTRICK', verb transitive [from trick.] To trick; to deceive; to entangle. Obs.

Chaucer.

Entrochite

EN'TROCHITE, noun [Greek, a wheel.] A kind of extraneous fossil, usually about an inch in length, and made up of round joints, which, when separated, are called trochites. These seem to be composed of the same kind of substance as the fossil shells of the echini. They are striated from the center to the circumference and have a cavity in the middle. They appear to be the petrified arms of the seastar, called stella arborescens.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Entry

EN'TRY, noun [French entrÃƒ-©e. See Enter.] The passage by which persons enter a house or other building.

2. The act of entering; entrance; ingress; as the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea or a lake; the entry of air into the blood; the entry of a spear into the flesh.

3. The act of entering and taking possession of lands or other estate.

4. The act of committing to writing, or of recording in a book. Make an entry of every sale, of every debt and credit.

5. The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the custom house, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods.

Entune

ENTU'NE, verb transitive [from tune.] To tune.

Chaucer.

Entwine

ENTWINE, verb transitive [from twine.] To twine; to twist round.

Entwist

ENTWIST', verb transitive [from twist.] To twist or wreath round.

Enubilate

ENU'BILATE, verb transitive [Latin e and nubila, mist, clouds.]

To clear from mist, clouds or obscurity. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Enubilous

ENU'BILOUS, adjective Clear from fog, mist or clouds.

Enucleate

ENU'CLEATE, verb transitive [Latin enucleo; e and nucleus, a kernel.] Properly, to take out the kernel. Hence,

1. To clear from knots or lumps; to clear from intricacy; to disentangle.

Tooke.

2. To open as a nucleus; hence, to explain; to clear from obscurity; to make manifest.

Good.

Enucleated

ENU'CLEATED, participle passive Cleared from knots; disclosed; explained.

Enucleating

ENU'CLEATING, participle of the present tense Clearing from knots; explaining.

Enucleation

ENUCLEA'TION, noun The act of clearing from knots; a disentangling.

Neither air, nor water, nor food seem directly to contribute any thing to the enucleation of this disease [the plica Polonica.]

Tooke.

2. Explanation; full exposition.

Enumerate

ENU'MERATE, verb transitive [Latin enumero; e and numero, numerus, number.]

To count or tell, number by number; to reckon or mention a number of things, each separately; as, to enumerate the stars in a constellation; to enumerate particular acts of kindness; we cannot enumerate our daily mercies.

Enumerated

ENU'MERATED, participle passive Counted or told, number by number; reckoned or mentioned by distinct particulars.

Enumerating

ENU'MERATING, participle of the present tense Counting or reckoning any number, by the particulars which compose it.

Enumeration

ENUMERA'TION, noun [Latin enumeratio.] The act of counting or telling a number, by naming each particular.

2. An account of a number of things, in which mention is made of every particular article.

3. In rhetoric, a part of a peroration, in which the orator recapitulates the principal points or heads of the discourse or argument.

Enumerative

ENU'MERATIVE, adjective Counting; reckoning up.

Bp. Taylor.

Enunciate

ENUN'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin enuncio; e and nuncio, to tell.]

To utter; to declare; to proclaim; to relate.

Bp. Barlow.

Enunciated

ENUN'CIATED, participle passive Uttered; declared; pronounced; proclaimed.

Enunciating

ENUN'CIATING, participle of the present tense Uttering; declaring; pronouncing.

Enunciation

ENUNCIA'TION, noun The act of uttering or pronouncing; expression; manner of utterance. In a public discourse, it is important that the enunciation should be clear and distinct.

2. Declaration; open proclamation; public attestation.

Taylor.

3. Intelligence; information.

Hale.

Enunciative

ENUN'CIATIVE, adjective Declarative; expressive.

Ayliffe.

Enunciatively

ENUN'CIATIVELY, adverb Declaratively.

Enunciatory

ENUN'CIATORY, adjective Containing utterance or sound.

Wilson's Hebrew Gram.

Envassal

ENVAS'SAL, verb transitive [from vassal.] To reduce to vassalage.

2. To make over to another as a slave.

More.

Envelop

ENVEL'OP, verb transitive [French envelopper; Italian inviluppare, avviluppare, to wrap; viluppo, a bundle, intricacy.]

1. To cover by wrapping or folding; to in-wrap; to invest with a covering. Animal bodies are usually enveloped with skin; the merchant envelops goods with canvas; a letter is enveloped with paper.

2. To surround entirely; to cover on all sides; to hide. A ship was enveloped in fog; the troops were enveloped in dust.

3. To line; to cover on the inside.

His iron coatÃ‚--enveloped with gold.

Spenser.

Envelop

ENVEL'OP, noun A wrapper; an inclosing cover; an integument; as the envelop of a letter, or of the heart.

2. In fortification, a work of earth, in form of a parapet or of a small rampart with a parapet.

Encyc.

Enveloped

ENVEL'OPED, participle passive Inwrapped; covered on all sides; surrounded on all sides; inclosed.

Enveloping

ENVEL'OPING, participle of the present tense Inwrapping; folding around; covering or surrounding on all sides, as a case or integument.

Envelopment

ENVEL'OPMENT, noun A wrapping; an inclosing or covering on all sides.

Envenom

ENVEN'OM, verb transitive [from venom.] To poison; to taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to life; never applied, in this sense, to persons, but to meat, drink or weapons; as an envenomed arrow or shaft; an envenomed potion.

2. To taint with bitterness or malice; as the envenomed tongue of slander.

3. To make odious.

O what a world is this, when what is comely Envenoms him that bears it!

Shak.

4. To enrage; to exasperate.

Dryden.

Envenomed

ENVEN'OMED, participle passive Tainted or impregnated with venom or poison; embittered; exasperated.

Envenoming

ENVEN'OMING, participle of the present tense Tainting with venom; poisoning; embittering; enraging.

Envermeil

ENVER'MEIL, verb transitive [French vermeil.] To dye red.

Milton.

Enviable

EN'VIABLE, adjective [See Envy.] That may excite envy; capable of awakening ardent desire of possession. The situation of men in office is not always enviable.

Envied

EN'VIED, participle passive [See Envy, the verb.] Subjected to envy.

Envier

EN'VIER, noun One who envies another; one who desires what another possesses, and hates him because his condition is better than his own, or wishes his downfall.

Envious

EN'VIOUS, adjective [French envieux. See Envy.] Feeling or harboring envy; repining or feeling uneasiness, at a view of the excellence, prosperity or happiness of another; pained by the desire of possessing some superior good which another possesses, and usually disposed to deprive him of that good, to lessen it or to depreciate it in common estimation. Sometimes followed by against, but generally and properly by at, before the person envied.

Neither be thou envious at the wicked. Proverbs 24.

It is followed by of before the thing.

Be not envious of the blessings or prosperity of others.

2. Tinctured with envy; as an envious disposition.

3. Excited or directed by envy; as an envious attack.

Enviously

EN'VIOUSLY, adverb With envy; with malignity excited by the excellence or prosperity of another.

How enviously the ladies look,

When they surprise me at my book.

Swift.

Environ

ENVI'RON, verb transitive [French environner, from environ, thereabout; en and viron, from virer, to turn, Spanish birar, to veer. Class Br.]

1. To surround; to encompass; to encircle; as a plain environed with mountains.

2. To involve; to envelop; as, to environ with darkness, or with difficulties.

3. To besiege; as a city environed with troops.

4. To inclose; to invest.

That soldier, that man of iron,

Whom ribs of horror all environ.

Cleaveland.

Environed

ENVI'RONED, participle passive Surrounded; encompassed; besieged; involved; invested.

Environing

ENVI'RONING, participle of the present tense Surrounding; encircling; besieging; inclosing; involving; investing. The appropriation of different parts of the globe to some particular specles of stone environing it.

Environs

ENVI'RONS, n. plu. The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood, on different sides; as the environs of a city or town.

Chesterfield.

Envoy

EN'VOY, noun [French envoyÃƒ-©, an envoy, from envoyer, to send. The corresponding Italian word is inviato, an envoy, that is, sent; and the verb, inviare, to send. The Spanish is enviado; and the verb, enviar, to send. Portugese id. Hence envoy is from the root of Latin via, way, contracted from viag, vag, or wag; Italian viaggiare, to travel; Spanish viage, way, voyage. Class Bg.]

1. A person deputed by a prince or government, to negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign prince or government. We usually apply the word to a public minister sent on a special occasion, or for one particular purpose; hence an envoy is distinguished from an embassador or permanent resident at a foreign court, and is of inferior rank. But envoys are ordinary and extraordinary, and the word may sometimes be applied to resident ministers.

2. A common messenger. [Not in use.]

Blackmore.

3. Formerly, a postscript sent with compositions, to enforce them. [French envoi.]

Warton.

Envoyship

EN'VOYSHIP, noun The office of an envoy.

Coventry.

Envy

EN'VY, verb transitive [French envier; Armoric avia; from Latin invideo, in and video, to see against, that is, to look with enmity.]

1. To feel uneasiness, mortification or discontent, at the sight of superior excellence, reputation or happiness enjoyed by another; to repine at another's prosperity; to fret or grieve one's self at the real or supposed superiority of another, and to hate him on that account.

Envy not thou the oppressor. Proverbs 3.

Whoever envies another, confesses his superiority.

Rambler.

2. To grudge; to withhold maliciously.

Dryden.

To envy at, used by authors formerly, is now obsolete.

Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked?

Taylor.

Envy

EN'VY, noun Pain, uneasiness, mortification or discontent excited by the sight of another's superiority or success, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malignity, and often or usually with a desire or an effort to depreciate the person, and with pleasure in seeing him depressed. Envy springs from pride, ambition or love, mortified that another has obtained what one has a strong desire to possess.

Envy and admiration are the Scylla and Charybdis of authors.

Pope.

All human virtue, to its latest breath,

Finds envy never conquered, but by death.

Pope.

Emulation differs from envy, in not being accompanied with hatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate person.

Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,

Is emulation in the learn'd or brave.

Pope.

It is followed by of or to. They did this in envy of Cesar, or in envy to his genius.

The former seems to be preferable.

2. Rivalry; competition. [Little used.]

Dryden.

3. Malice; malignity.

You turn the good we offer into envy.

Shak.

4. Public odium; ill repute; invidiousness.

To discharge the king of the envy of that opinion.

Bacon.

Envying

EN'VYING, participle of the present tense Feeling uneasiness at the superior condition and happiness of another.

Envying

EN'VYING, noun Mortification experienced at the supposed prosperity and happiness of another.

2. Ill will at others, on account of some supposed superiority. Galatians 5:21.

Enwallowed

ENWAL'LOWED, adjective [from wallow.] Being wallowed or wallowing.

Spenser.

Enwheel

ENWHEE'L, verb transitive [from wheel.] To encircle.

Shak.

Enwiden

ENWI'DEN, verb transitive [from wide.] To make wider. [Not used.]

Enwomb

ENWOMB, v. t. enwoom'. [from womb.] To make pregnant. [Not used.]

Spenser.

2. To bury; to hide as in a gulf, pit or cavern.

Donne.

Enwombed

ENWOMBED, participle passive Impregnated; buried in a deep gulf or cavern.

Enwrap

ENWRAP', v. t. enrap'. To envelop. [See Inwrap.]

Enwrapment

ENWRAP'MENT, noun A covering; a wrapping or wrapper.

Eolian

EO'LIAN, or EOL'IC, adjective Pertaining to AEolia or AEolis, in Asia Minor, inhabited by Greeks.

The Eolic dialect of the Greek language, was the dialect used by the inhabitants of that country.

Eolian lyre or harp, is a simple stringed instrument that sounds by the impulse of air, from AEolus, the deity of the winds.

Eolipile

EOL'IPILE, noun [AEolus, the deity of the winds, and pila, a ball.]

A hollow ball of metal, with a pipe or slender neck, used in hydraulic experiments. The ball being filled with water, is heated, till the vapor issues from the pipe with great violence and noise, exhibiting the elastic power of steam.

Encyc.

Eon

E'ON, noun [Greek, age, duration.] In the Platonic philosophy, a virtue, attribute or perfection. The Platonists represented the Deity as an assemblage of eons. The

Gnostics considered cons as certain substantial powers or divine natures emanating from the Supreme Deity, and performing various parts in the operations of the universe.

Encyc. Enfield.

Ep

EP, or EPI, Greek, in composition, usually signifies on.

Epact

E'PACT, noun [Greek, adscititious, from, to adduce or bring; and, to drive.]

In chronology, the excess of the solar month above the lunar synodical month, and of the solar year above the lunar year of twelve synodical months. The epacts then are annual or menstrual. Suppose the new moon to be on the first of January; the month of January containing 31 days, and the lunar month only 29 days, 12h. 44' 3', the difference, or 1 day, 11h. 15' 57', is the menstrual epact. The annual epact is nearly eleven days; the solar year being 365 days, and the lunar year 354.

Encyc.

Eparch

EP'ARCH, noun [Greek; and, dominion.] The governor or prefect of a province.

Ash.

Eparchy

EP'ARCHY, noun [Greek, a province; and, government.]

A province, prefecture or territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch or governor.

Tooke.

Epaulet

EP'AULET, noun [French epaulette, from epaule, the shoulder, Italian spalla, Spanish espalda.]

A shoulder-piece; an ornamental badge worn on the shoulder by military men. Officers, military and naval, wear epaulets on one shoulder, or on both, according to their rank.

Epaulment

EPAUL'MENT, noun [from French epaule, a shoulder.]

In fortification, a side-work or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, fascines or bags of earth. It sometimes denotes a semi-bastion and a square orillon, or mass of earth faced and lined with a wall, designed to cover the cannon of the casemate.

Harris.

Epenetic

EPENET'IC, adjective [Greek.] Laudatory; bestowing praise.

Phillips.

Epenthesis

EPEN'THESIS, or EPEN'THESY, noun [Greek; and, to put.] The insertion of a letter or syllable in the middle of a word, as alituum for alitum.

Encyc.

Epenthetic

EPENTHET'IC, adjective Inserted in the middle of a word.

M. Stuart.

Epha

E'PHA, noun [Hebrew, or, properly a baking.]

A Hebrew measure of three pecks and three pints, or according to others, of seven gallons and four pints, or about 15 solid inches.

Johnson. Encyc.

Ephemera

EPHEM'ERA, noun [Latin from Greek, daily; and, a day.] A fever of one day's continuance only.

2. The Day-fly: strictly, a fly that lives one day only; but the word is applied also to insects that are very short-lived, whether they live several days or an hour only. There are several species.

Ephemeral

EPHEM'ERAL, or EPHEM'ERIC, adjective Diurnal; beginning and ending in a day; continuing or existing one day only.

2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only. [Ephemeral is generally used. Ephemerous is not analogically formed.]

Ephemeris

EPHEM'ERIS, noun plu. ephemer'ides. [Greek.]

1. A journal or account of daily transactions; a diary.

2. In astronomy, an account of the daily state or positions of the planets or heavenly orbs; a table, or collection of tables, exhibiting the places of all the planets every day at noon. From these tables are calculated eclipses, conjunctions and other aspects of the planets.

Encyc.

Ephemerist

EPHEM'ERIST, noun One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets; an astrologer.

Howell.

Ephemeron-Worm

EPHEM'ERON-WORM, noun [See Ephemera.] A worm that lives one day only.

Derham.

Ephesian

EPHE'SIAN, a. 3 as z. Pertaining to Ephesus, in Asia Minor. As a noun, a native of Ephesus.

Ephialtes

EPHIAL'TES, noun [Greek] The night-mar.

Ephod

EPH'OD, noun [Hebrew, from to bind.] In Jewish antiquity, a part of the sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle, which was brought from behind the neck over the two shoulders, and hanging down before, was put across the stomach, then carried round the waist and used as a girdle to the tunic. There were two sorts; one of plain linen, the other embroidered for the high priest. On the part in front were two precious stones, on which were engraven the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. Before the breast was a square piece or breastplate.

Encyc. Calmet.

Ephor

EPH'OR, noun [Greek, from, to inspect.]

In ancient Sparta, a magistrate chosen by the people. The ephors were five, and they were intended as a check on the regal power, or according to some writers, on the senate.

Encyc. Mitford.

Ephoralty

EPH'ORALTY, noun The office or term of office of an ephor.

Mitford.

Epic

EP'IC, adjective [Latin epicus, Greek, from, a song, or, to speak.]

Narrative; containing narration; rehearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a poem which narrates a story, real or fictitious or both, representing, in an elevated style, some signal action or series of actions and events, usually the achievements of some distinguished hero, and intended to form the morals and affect the mind with the love of virtue. The matter of the poem includes the action of the fable, the incidents, episodes, characters, morals and machinery. The form includes the manner of narration, the discourses introduced, descriptions, sentiments, style, versification, figures and other ornaments. The end is to improve the morals, and inspire a love of virtue, bravery and illustrious actions.

Encyc.

Epicede

EP'ICEDE, noun [Greek.] A funeral song or discourse.

Epicedian

EPICE'DIAN, adjective Elegiac; mournful.

Epicedium

EPICE'DIUM, noun An elegy.

Epicene

EP'ICENE, adjective [Greek; and, common.] Common to both sexes; of both kinds.

Epictetian

EPICTE'TIAN, adjective Pertaining to Epictetus, the Grecian writer.

Arbuthnot.

Epicure

EP'ICURE, noun [Latin epicurus, a voluptuary, from Epicurus.]

Properly, a follower of Epicurus; a man devoted to sensual enjoyments; hence, one who indulges in the luxuries of the table. [The word is now used only or chiefly in the latter sense.]

Epicurean

EPICU'REAN, or EPICURE'AN, adjective [Latin epicureus.] Peertaining to Epicurus; as the Epicurean philosophy or tenets.

Reid.

2. Luxurious; given to luxury; contributing to the luxuries of the table.

Epicurean

EPICU'REAN, or EPICURE'AN, noun A follower of Epicurs

Encyc. Shaftesbury.

Epicureanism

EPICU'REANISM, noun Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus.

Harris.

Epicurism

EP'ICURISM, noun Luxury; sensual enjoyments; indulgence in gross pleasure; voluptuousness.

Shak.

2. The doctrines of Epicurus.

Warton. Bailey.

Epicurize

EP'ICURIZE, verb intransitive To feed or indulge like an epicure; to riot; to feast.

Fuller.

2. To profess the doctrines of Epicurus.

Cudworth.

Epicycle

EP'ICYCLE, noun [Greek and, a circle.] A little circle, whose center is in the circumference of a greater circle; or a small orb, which, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is carried along with it, and yet by its own peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it round its proper center.

Harris.

Epicycloid

EPICYC'LOID, noun [Greek; and, form.]

In geometry, a curve generated by the revolution of the periphery of a circle along the convex or concave side of the periphery of another circle.

Encyc. Harris.

A curve generated by any point in the plane of a movable circle which rolls on the inside or outside of the circumference of a fixed circle.

Ed. Encyc.

Epicycloidal

EPICYCLOID'AL, adjective Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties.

Encyc.

Epidemic

EPIDEM'IC, or EPIDEM'ICAL, adjective [Greek and, people.] Common to many people. An epidemic disease is one which seizes a great number of people, at the same time, or in the same season. Thus we speak of epidemic measles; epidemic fever; epidemic catarrh. It is used in distinction from endemic or local. Intemperate persons have every thing to fear from an epidemic influenza.

2. Generally prevailing; affecting great numbers; as epidemic rage; an epidemic evil.

Epidemic

EPIDEM'IC, noun A popular disease: a disease generally prevailing. The influenza of October and November 1789, that of March and April 1790, that of the winter 1824Ã‚--5, and that of 1825Ã‚--6, were very severe epidemics.

Epidermic

EPIDERM'IC, or EPIDERM'IDAL, adjective Pertaining to the cuticle; covering the skin.

The epidermic texture.

Kirwan.

Epidermis

EPIDERM'IS, noun [Greek; and, skin.]

In anatomy, the cuticle or scarf-skin of the body; a thin membrance covering the skin of animals, or the bark of plants.

Encyc. Martyn.

Epidote

EP'IDOTE, noun [from Greek; so named from the apparent enlargement of the base of the prism in one direction. It is called by Werner, pistazit, and by Hausmann, thallit.]

A mineral occurring in lamellar, granular or compact masses, in loose grains, or in prismatic crystals of six or eight sides, and sometimes ten or twelve. Its color is commonly some shade of green, yellowish, bluish or blackish green. It has two varieties, zoisite and arenaceous or granular epidote.

Jameson. Cleaveland.

Epidote is granular or manganesian.

Phillips.

Epigastric

EPIGAS'TRIC, adjective [Greek and, belly.] Pertaining to the upper part of the abdomen; as the epigastric region; the epigastric arteries and veins.

Quincy.

Epigee

EPIGEE or EPIGEUM. [See Perigea.]

Epiglot

EP'IGLOT, or EPIGLOT'TIS, noun [Greek; and, the tongue.] In anatomy, one of the cartilages of the larynx, whose use is to cover the glottis, when food or drink is passing into the stomach, to prevent it from entering the larynx and obstructing the breath.

Quincy.

Epigram

EP'IGRAM, noun [Greek, inscription; and, a writing.]

A short poem treating only of one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious and natural thought. Conciseness and point form the beauty of epigrams.

Epigrams were originally inscriptions on tombs, statues, temples, triumphal arches, &c.

Encyc.

Epigrammatic

EPIGRAMMAT'IC, or EPIGRAMMAT'ICAL, adjective Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; as an epigrammatic poet.

2. Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an epigram; concise; pointed; poignant; as epigrammatic style or wit.

Epigrammatist

EPIGRAM'MATIST, noun One who composes epigrams, or deals in them. Martial was a noted epigrammatist.

Epigraph

EP'IGRAPH, noun [Greek; and, to write.]

Among antiquaries, an inscription on a building, pointing out the time of its erection, the builders, its uses, &c.

Encyc.

Epilepsy

EP'ILEPSY, noun [Greek, from, to seize.]

The falling sickness, so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground; a disease accompanied with spasms or convulsions and loss of sense.

Quincy.

Epileptic

EPILEP'TIC, adjective Pertaining to the falling sickness; affected with epilepsy; consisting of epilepsy.

Epileptic

EPILEP'TIC, noun One affected with epilepsy.

Epilogism

EP'ILOGISM, noun [Greek.] Computation; enumeration.

Gregory.

Epilogistic

EPILOGIS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue.

Epilogue

EP'ILOGUE, n. ep'ilog. [Latin epilogus, from Greek, conclusion; to conclude; and, to speak.]

1. In oratory, a conclusion; the closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated.

Encyc.

2. In the drama, a speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play.

Epiloguize

EP'ILOGUIZE, or EP'ILOGIZE, verb intransitive To pronounce an epilogue.

Epiloguize

EP'ILOGUIZE, verb transitive To add to, in the manner of an epilogue.

Epinicion

EPINI'CION, noun [Greek; and, to conquer.] A song of triumph. [Not in use.]

Warton.

Epiphany

EPIPH'ANY, noun [Greek, appearance; to appear; and.]

A christian festival celebrated on the sixth day of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of our Savior to the magians or philosophers of the East, who came to adore him with presents; or as others maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the magians, or the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles. Jerome and Chrysostom take the epiphany to be the day of our Savior's baptism, when a voice from heaven declared, ``This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased.' The Greek fathers use the word for the appearance of Christ in the world, the sense in which Paul uses the word, 2 Timothy 1:10.

Encyc.

Epiphonem

EPIPH'ONEM, or EPIPHONE'MA, noun [Greek, exclamation; to cry out; and.]

In oratory, an exclamation; an ecphonesis; vehement utterance of the voice to express strong passion, in a sentence not closely connected with the general strain of the discourse; as, O mournful day! Miserable fate! Admirable clemency!

Johnson. Encyc.

Epiphora

EPIPH'ORA, noun [Greek and, to bear.] The watery eye; a disease in which the tears, from increased secretion, or an obstruction in the lachrymal duct, accumulate in front of the eye and trickle over the cheek.

Cyc. Parr.

Epiphyllospermous

EPIPHYLLOSPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, a leaf, and, seed.]

In botany, bearing their seeds on the back of the leaves, as ferns.

Harris.

Epiphysis

EPIPH'YSIS, or EPIPH'YSY, noun [Greek; and, to grow.] Accretion; the growing of one bone to another by simple contiguity, without a proper articulation.

Quincy.

The spongy extremity of a bone; any portion of a bone growing on another, but separated from it by a cartilage.

Coxe.

Epiphyses are appendixes of the long bones, for the purpose of articulation, formed from a distinct center of ossification, and in the young subject connected with the larger bones by an intervening cartilage, which in the adult is obliterated.

Parr.

Epiploce

EPIP'LOCE, or EPIP'LOCY, noun [Greek, implication; and, to fold.]

A figure of rhetoric, by which one aggravation, or striking circumstance, is added in due gradation to another; as, ``He not only spared his enemies, but continued them in employment; not only continued them, but advanced them.'

Johnson.

Epiplocele

EPIP'LOCELE, noun [Greek; the caul, and, a tumor.] A rupture of the caul or omentum.

Coxe.

Epiploic

EPIP'LOIC, adjective [Greek, the caul.] Pertaining to the caul or omentum.

Epiploon

EPIP'LOON, noun [Greek; and.] The caul or omentum.

Episcopacy

EPIS'COPACY, noun [Latin episcopatus; Spanish obispado; Portugese bispado; Italian episcopato; from the Greek, to inspect; and, to see. See Bishop.]

Government of the church by bishops; that form of ecclesiastical government, in which diocesan bishops are established, as distinct from and superior to priests or presbyters.

Encyc.

Episcopal

EPIS'COPAL, adjective Belonging to or vested in bishops or prelates; as episcopal jurisdiction; episcopal authority.

2. Governed by bishops; as the episcopal church.

Episcopalian

EPISCOPA'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to bishops or government by bishops; episcopal.

Episcopalian

EPISCOPA'LIAN, noun One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline.

Episcopally

EPIS'COPALLY, adverb By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner.

Episcopate

EPIS'COPATE, noun A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop.

2. The order of bishops.

Episcopate

EPIS'COPATE, verb intransitive To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate.

Harris. Milner.

Episcopy

EPIS'COPY, noun Survey; superintendence; search.

Milton.

Episode

EP'ISODE, noun [from the Greek] In poetry, a separate incident, story or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related in the poem; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it.

Johnson. Encyc.

Episodic

EPISOD'IC, or EPISOD'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an episode; contained in an episode or digression.

Dryden.

Epispastic

EPISPAS'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to draw.]

In medicine, drawing; attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the skin; blistering.

Epispastic

EPISPAS'TIC, noun A topical remedy, applied to the external part of the body, for the purpose of drawing the humors to the part, or exciting action in the skin; a blister.

Encyc. Coxe.

Epistilbite

EPISTIL'BITE, noun A mineral, said to be the same as the heulandite.

Journ. of Science.

Epistle

EPIS'TLE, n. epis'l. [Latin epistola, Greek, from, to send to; and, to send, German stellen, to set.]

A writing, directed or sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person; a letter; a letter missive. It is rarely used in familiar conversation or writings, but chiefly in solemn or formal transactions. It is used particularly in speaking of the letters of the Apostles, as the epistles of Paul; and of other letters written by the ancients, as the epistles of Pliny or of Cicero.

Epistler

EPIS'TLER, noun A writer of epistles. [Little used.]

2. Formerly, one who attended the communion table and read the epistles.

Epistolary

EPIS'TOLARY, adjective Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and correspondence; familiar; as an epistolary style.

2. Contained in letters; carried on by letters; as an epistolary correspondence.

Epistolic

EPISTOL'IC, or EPISTOL'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to letters or epistles.

2. Designating the method of representing ideas by letters and words.

Warburton.

Epistolize

EPIS'TOLIZE, verb intransitive To write epistles or letters.

Howell.

Epistolizer

EPIS'TOLIZER, noun A writer of epistles.

Howell.

Epistolographic

EPISTOLOGRAPH'IC, adjective Pertaining to the writing of letters.

Epistolography

EPISTOLOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a letter, and, to write.]

The art or practice of writing letters.

Encyc.

Epistrophe

EPIS'TROPHE, or EPIS'TROPHY, noun [Greek; and, a return.]

A figure, in rhetoric, in which several successive sentences end with the same word or affirmation.

Bailey. Ash.

Epistyle

EP'ISTYLE, noun [Greek and, a column.]

In ancient architecture, a term used by the Greeks for what is now called the architrave, a massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately over the capital of a column or pillar.

Encyc.

Epitaph

EP'ITAPH, noun [Greek and, a sepulcher.]

1. An inscription on a monument, in honor or memory of the dead.

The epitaphs of the present day are crammed with fulsome compliments never merited.

Encyc.

Can you look forward to the honor of a decorated coffin, a splendid funeral, a towering monumentÃ‚--it may be a lying epitaph.

WelshB. Sprague.

2. An eulogy, in prose or verse, composed without any intent to be engraven on a monument, as that on Alexander:

``Sufficit huic tumulus, cui non sufficeret orbis.'

Encyc.

Epitaphian

EPITAPH'IAN, adjective Pertaining to an epitaph.

Milton.

Epithalamium

EPITHALA'MIUM, or EPITHAL'AMY, noun [Greek; and, a bed-chamber.]

A nuptial song or poem, in praise of the bride and bridegoom, and praying for their prosperity.

The forty fifth Psalm 1s an epithalamium to Christ and the church.

Burnet.

Epithem

EP'ITHEM, noun [Greek; and, to place.]

In pharmacy, a kind of fomentation or poultice, to be applied externally to strengthen the part.

Encyc.

Any external application, or topical medicine. The term has been restricted to liquids in which cloths are dipped, to be applied to a part.

Parr. Turner.

Epithet

EP'ITHET, noun [Greek, a name added, from and, to place.]

An adjective expressing some real quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an attributive expressing some quality ascribed to it; as a verdant lawn; a brilliant appearance; a just man; an accurate description.

It is sometimes used for title, name, phrase or expression; but improperly.

Epithet

EP'ITHET, verb transitive To entitle; to describe by epithets.

Wotton.

Epithetic

EPITHET'IC, adjective Pertaining to an epithet or epithets.

2. Abounding with epithets. A style or composition may be too epithetic.

Epithumetic

EPITHUMET'IC, or EPITHUMET'ICAL, adjective [Greek.] Inclined to lust; pertaining to the animal passion.

Brown.

Epitome

EPIT'OME, or EPIT'OMY, noun [Greek, from and, to cut, a cutting, a section.]

An abridgment; a brief summary or abstract of any book or writing; a compendium containing the substance or principal matters of a book.

Epitomes are helpful to the memory.

Wotton.

Epitomist

EPIT'OMIST, noun An epitomizer.

Epitomize

EPIT'OMIZE, verb transitive To shorten or abridge, as a writing or discourse; to abstract, in a summary, the principal matters of a book; to contract into a narrower compass. Xiphilin epitomized Dion's Roman History.

2. To diminish; to curtail. [Less proper.]

Epitomized

EPIT'OMIZED, participle passive Abridged; shortened; contracted into a smaller compass, as a book or writing.

Epitomizer

EPIT'OMIZER, noun One who abridges; a writer of an epitome.

Epitomizing

EPIT'OMIZING, participle of the present tense Abridging; shortening; making a summary.

Epitrite

EP'ITRITE, noun [Greek; and, third.]

In prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and one short one; as salutantes, concitati, incantare.

Encyc.

Epitrope

EPIT'ROPE, or EPIT'ROPY, noun [Greek, from, to permit.]

In rhetoric, concession; a figure by which one thing is granted, with a view to obtain an advantage; as, I admit all this may be true, but what is this to the purpose? I concede the fact, but it overthrows your own argument.

Encyc.

Epizootic

EPIZOOT'IC, adjective [Greek and, animal.]

In geology, an epithet given to such mountains as contain animal remains in their natural or in a petrified state, or the impressions of animal substances.

Epizootic mountains are of secondary formation.

Kirwan.

Epizooty

EPIZO'OTY, noun [supra.] A murrain or pestilence among irrational animals.

Ed. Encyc.

Epoch

E'POCH, noun [Latin epocha; Greek, retention, delay, stop, from, to inhibit; and, to hold.]

1. In chronology, a fixed point of time, from which succeeding years are numbered; a point from which computation of years begins. The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, and the Babylonish captivity, are remarkable epochs in their history.

2. Any fixed time or period; the period when any thing begins or is remarkably prevalent; as the epoch of falsehood; the epoch of woe.

Donne. Prior.

The fifteenth century was the unhappy epoch of military establishments in time of peace.

Madison.

Epode

EP'ODE, noun [Greek; and, ode.] In lyric poetry, the third or last part of the ode; that which follows the strophe and antistrophe; the ancient ode being divided into strophe, antistrophe and epode. The word is now used as the name of any little verse or verses, that follow one or more great ones. Thus a pentameter after a hexameter is an epode.

Encyc.

Epopee

EPOPEE', noun [Greek, a song, and, to make.]

An epic poem. More properly, the history, action or fable, which makes the subject of an epic poem.

Encyc.

Epos

E'POS, noun [Greek.] An epic poem, or its fable or subject.

Epsom salt, the sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic.

Epulary

EP'ULARY, adjective [Latin epularis, from epulum, a feast.] Pertaining to a feast or banquet.

Bailey.

Epulation

EPULA'TION, noun [Latin epulatio, from epulor, to feast.] A feasting or feast.

Brown.

Epulotic

EPULOT'IC, adjective [Greek, from, to heal, to cicatrize; and, a cicatrix, to be sound, whole.] Healing; cicatrizing.

Epulotic

EPULOT'IC, noun A medicament or application which tends to dry, cicatrize and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress fungous flesh and dispose the parts to recover soundness.

Coxe. Quincy.

Equability

EQUABIL'ITY, noun [See Equable.] Equality in motion; continued equality, at all times, in velocity or movement; uniformity; as the equability of the motion of a heavenly body, or of the blood in the arteries and veins.

2. Continued equality; evenness or uniformity; as the equability of the temperature of the air; the equability of the mind.

Equable

E'QUABLE, adjective [Latin oequabilis, from oequus, equal, even, oequo, to equal, to level.]

1. Equal and uniform at all times, as motion. An equable motion continues the same in degree of velocity, neither accelerated nor retarded.

2. Even; smooth; having a uniform surface or form; as an equable globe or plain.

Bentley.

Equably

E'QUABLY, adverb With an equal or uniform motion; with continued uniformity; evenly; as, bodies moving equably in concentric circles.

Cheyne.

Equal

E'QUAL, adjective [Latin oequalis, from oequus, equal, even, oequo, to equal, perhaps Greek, similar; French egal; Spanish igual; Portugese id.; Italian eguale.]

1. Having the same magnitude or dimensions; being of the same bulk or extent; as an equal quantity of land; a house of equal size; two persons of equal bulk; an equal line or angle.

2. Having the same value; as two commodities of equal price or worth.

3. Having the same qualities or condition; as two men of equal rank or excellence; two bodies of equal hardness or softness.

4. Having the same degree; as two motions of equal velocity.

5. Even; uniform; not variable; as an equal temper or mind.

Ye say, the way of the Lord is not equal. Ezekiel 16.

6. Being in just proportion; as, my commendation is not equal to his merit.

7. Impartial; neutral; not biased.

Equal and unconcerned, I look on all.

Dryden.

8. Indifferent; of the same interest or concern. He may receive them or not, it is equal to me.

9. Just; equitable; giving the same or similar rights or advantages. The terms and conditions of the contract are equal.

10. Being on the same terms; enjoying the same or similar benefits.

They made the married, orphans, widows, yea and the aged also, equal in spoils with themselves.

Maccabees.

11. Adequate; having competent power, ability or means. The ship is not equal to her antagonist. The army was not equal to the contest. We are not equal to the undertaking.

Equal

E'QUAL, noun One not inferior or superior to another; having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, &c.

Those who were once his equals, envy and defame him.

Addison.

It was thou, a man my equal, my guide. Psalm 55. Galatians 1.

Equal

E'QUAL, verb transitive To make equal; to make one thing of the same quantity, dimensions or quality as another.

2. To rise to the same state, rank or estimation with another; to become equal to. Few officers can expect to equal Washington in fame.

3. To be equal to.

One whose all not equals Edward's meiety.

Shak.

4. To make equivalent to; to recompense fully; to answer in full proportion.

He answer'd all her cares, and equal'd all her love.

Dryden.

5. To be of like excellence or beauty.

The gold and the crystal cannot equal it. Job 28.

Equality

EQUAL'ITY, noun [Latin oequalitas.] An agreement of things in dimensions, quantity or quality; likeness; similarity in regard to two things compared. We speak of the equality of two or more tracts of land, of two bodies in length, breadth or thickness, or virtues or vices.

2. The same degree of dignity or claims; as the equality of men in the scale of being; the equality of nobles of the same rank; an equality of rights.

3. Evenness; uniformity; sameness in state or continued course; as an equality of temper or constitution.

4. Evenness; plainness; uniformity; as an equality of surface.

Equalization

EQUALIZA'TION, noun The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.

Equalize

E'QUALIZE, verb transitive To make equal; as, to equalize accounts; to equalize burdens or taxes.

Equalized

E'QUALIZED, participle passive Made equal; reduced to equality.

Equalizing

E'QUALIZING, participle of the present tense Making equal.

Equally

E'QUALLY, adverb In the same degree with another; alike; as, to be equally taxed; to be equally virtuous or vicious; to be equally impatient, hungry, thirsty, swift or slow; to be equally furnished.

2. In equal shares or proportions. The estate is to be equally divided among the heirs.

3. Impartially; with equal justice.

Shak.

Equalness

E'QUALNESS, noun Equality; a state of being equal.

Shak.

2. Evenness; uniformity; as the equalness of a surface.

Equangular

EQUAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin oequus and angulus.] Consisting of equal angles. [See Equiangular, which is generally used.]

Equanimity

EQUANIM'ITY, noun [Latin oequanimitas; oequus and animus, an equal mind.]

Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easily elated or depressed, which sustains prosperity without excessive joy, and adversity without violent agitation of the passions or depression of spirits. The great man bears misfortunes with equanimity.

Equanimous

EQUAN'IMOUS, adjective Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not easily elated or depressed.

Equation

EQUA'TION, noun [Latin oequatio, from oequo, to make equal or level.]

1. Literally, a making equal, or an equal division.

2. In algebra, a proposition asserting the equality of two quantities, and expressed by the sign = between them; or an expression of the same quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value, as 3s=36d, or x=b+m-r. In the latter case, x is equal to b added to m, with r subtracted, and the quantities on the right hand of the sign of equation are said to be the value of x on the left hand.

Encyc. Johnson.

3. In astronomy, the reduction of the apparent time or motion of the sun to equable, mean or true time.

Encyc.

4. The reduction of any extremes to a mean proportion.

Harris.

Equator

EQUA'TOR, noun [Latin from oequo, to make equal.]

In astronomy and geography, a great circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of the world, or having the same poles as the world. It is called equator, because when the sun is in it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence it is called also the equinoctial, and when drawn on maps, globes and planispheres, it is called the equinoctial line, or simply the line. Every point in the equator is 90 degrees or a quadrant's distance from the poles; hence it divides the globe or sphere into two equal hemispheres, the northern and southern. At the meridian, the equator rises as much above the horizon as is the complement of the latitude of the place.

Encyc. Harris.

Equatorial

EQUATO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to the equator; as equatorial climates. The equatorial diameter of the earth is longer than the polar diameter.

Equery

E'QUERY, noun [French ecuyer, for escuyer; Italian scudiere; Low Latin scutarius, from scutum, a shield. See Esquire.]

1. An officer of princes, who has the care and management of his horses.

2. A stable or lodge for horses.

Equestrian

EQUES'TRIAN, adjective [Latin equester, equestris, from eques, a horseman, from equus, a horse.]

1. Pertaining to horses or horsemanship; performed with horses; as equestrian feats.

2. Being on horseback; as an equestrian lady.

Spectator.

3. Skilled in horsemanship.

4. Representing a person on horseback; as an equestrian statue.

5. Celebrated by horse-races; as equestrian games, sports or amusements.

6. Belonging to knights. Among the Romans, the equestrian order was the order of knights, equites; also their troopers or horsemen in the field. In civil life, the knights stood contra-distinguished from the senators; in the field, from the infantry.

Encyc.

Equiangular

EQUIAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin oequus, equal, and angulus, an angle.]

In geometry, consisting of or having equal angles; an epithet given to figures whose angles are all equal, such as a square, an equilateral triangle, a parallelogram, &c.

Equibalance

EQUIBAL'ANCE, noun [Latin oequus and bilanx.] Equal weight.

Equibalance

EQUIBAL'ANCE, verb transitive To have equal weight with something.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Equicrural

EQUICRU'RAL, adjective [Latin oequus, equal, and crus, a leg.] Having legs of equal length.

2. Having equal legs, but longer than the base; isosceles; as an equicrural triangle.

Johnson.

Equidifferent

EQUIDIF'FERENT, adjective Having equal differences; arithmetically proportional.

In crystalography, having a different number of faces presented by the prism and by each summit; and these three numbers form a series in arithmetical progression, as 6.4.2.

Cleaveland.

Equidistance

EQUIDIS'TANCE, noun Equal distance.

Hall.

Equidistant

EQUIDIS'TANT, adjective [Latin oequus, equal, and distans, distant.]

Being at an equal distance from some point or place.

Equidistantly

EQUIDIS'TANTLY, adverb At the same or an equal distance.

Brown.

Equiformity

EQUIFORM'ITY, noun [Latin oequus, equal, and forma, form.] Uniform equality.

Brown.

Equilateral

EQUILAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin oequus, equal, and lateralis, from latus, side.]

Having all the sides equal; as an equilateral triangle. A square must necessarily be equilateral.

Equilateral

EQUILAT'ERAL, noun A side exactly corresponding to others.

Herbert.

Equilibrate

EQUILI'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin oequus and libro, to poise.]

To balance equally two scales, sides or ends; to keep even with equal weight on each side.

The bodies of fishes are equilibrated with the water.

Arbuthnot.

Equilibrated

EQUILI'BRATED, participle passive Balanced equally on both sides or ends.

Equilibrating

EQUILI'BRATING, participle of the present tense Balancing equally on both sides or ends.

Equilibration

EQUILIBRA'TION, noun Equipoise; the act of keeping the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced.

Nature's laws of equilibration.

Derham.

Equilibrious

EQUILIB'RIOUS, adjective Equally poised.

Equilibriously

EQUILIB'RIOUSLY, adverb In equal poise.

Equilibrist

EQUIL'IBRIST, noun One that balances equally.

Equilibrity

EQUILIB'RITY, noun [Latin oequilibritas.] The state of being equally balanced; equal balance on both sides; equilibrium; as the theory of equilibrity.

Gregory.

Equilibrium

EQUILIB'RIUM, noun [Latin] In mechanics, equipose; equality of weight; the state of the two ends of a lever or balance, when both are charged with equal weight, and they maintain an even or level position, parallel to the horizon.

Encyc.

2. Equality of powers.

Health consists in the equilibrium between those two powers.

Arbuthnot.

3. Equal balancing of the mind between motives or reasons; a state of indifference or of doubt, when the mind is suspended in indecision, between different motives, or the different forces of evidence.

Equimultiple

EQUIMUL'TIPLE, adjective [Latin oequus and multiplico or multiplex.] Multiplied by the same number or quantity.

Equimultiple

EQUIMUL'TIPLE, noun In arithmetic and geometry, a number multiplied by the same number or quantity. Hence equimultiples are always in the same ratio to each other, as the simple numbers or quantities before multiplication. If 6 and 9 are multiplied by 4, the multiples, 24 and 36, will be to each other as 6 to 9.

Encyc.

Equine

E'QUINE, adjective [Latin equinus, from equus, a horse.] Pertaining to a horse or to the genus.

The shoulders, body, thighs and mane are equine; the head completely bovine.

Barrow's Travels.

Equinecessary

EQUINEC'ESSARY, adjective [Latin oequus and necessary.]

Necessary or needful in the same degree.

Hudibras.

Equinoctial

EQUINOC'TIAL, adjective [Latin oequus, equal, and nox, night.]

1. Pertaining to the equinoxes; designating an equal length of day and night; as the equinoctial line.

2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or equator; in or near that line; as equinoctial heat; an equinoctial sun; equinoctial wind.

3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points; as an equinoctial gale or storm, which happens at or near the equinox, in any part of the world.

4. Equinoctial flowers, flowers that open at a regular, stated hour.

Martyn.

Equinoctial

EQUINOC'TIAL, noun [for equinoctial line.]

In astronomy, a great circle of the sphere, under which the equator moves in its diurnal course. This should not be confounded with the equator, as there is a difference between them; the equator being movable, and the equinoctial immovable; the equator being drawn about the convex surface of the sphere, and the equinoctial on the concave surface of the magnus orbis. These words however are often confounded. When the sun, in its course through the ecliptic, comes to this circle, it makes equal days and nights in all parts of the globe. The equinoctial then is the circle which the sun describes, or appears to describe, at the time the days and nights are of equal length, viz. about the 21st of March and 23d of September.

Encyc.

Equinoctial points, are the two points wherein the equator and ecliptic intersect each other; the one, being in the first point of Aries, is called the vernal point or equinox; the other, in the first point of Libra, the autumnal point or equinox.

Encyc.

Equinoctial dial, is that whose plane lies parallel to the equinoctial.

Encyc.

Equinoctially

EQUINOC'TIALLY, adverb In the direction of the equinox.

Brown.

Equinox

E'QUINOX, noun [Latin oequus, equal, and nox, night.]

The precise time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, or the first point of Aries, about the 21st of March, and the first point of Libra, about the 23d of September, making the day and the night of equal length. These are called the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. These points are found to be moving backward or westward, at the rate of 50' of a degree in a year. This is called the precession of the equinoxes.

Encyc.

Equinumerant

EQUINU'MERANT, adjective [Latin oequus, equal, and numerus, number.]

Having or consisting of the same number. [Little used.]

Arbuthnot.

Equip

EQUIP', verb transitive [French equiper; Armoric aqipa, aqipein; Spanish equipar; Chaldee, Aphel to surround, to gird; perhaps the same root as Ethiopic [] to embrace.]

1. Properly, to dress; to habit. Hence, to furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for military service. Thus we say, to equip men or troops for war; to equip a body of infantry or cavalry. But the word seems to include not only arms, but clothing, baggage, utensils, tents, and all the apparatus of an army, particularly when applied to a body of troops. Hence, to furnish with arms and warlike apparatus; as, to equip a regiment.

2. To furnish with men, artillery and munitions of war, as a ship. Hence, in common language, to fit for sea; to furnish with whatever is necessary for a voyage.

Equipage

EQ'UIPAGE, noun The furniture of a military man, particularly arms and their appendages.

2. The furniture of an army or body of troops, infantry or cavalry; including arms, artillery, utensils, provisions, and whatever is necessary for a military expedition. Camp equipage includes tents, and every thing necessary for accommodation in camp. Field equipage cousists of arms, artillery, wagons, tumbrils, &c.

3. The furniture of an armed ship, or the necessary preparations for a voyage; including cordage, spars, provisions, &c.

4. Attendance, retinue, as persons, horses, carriages, &c.; as the equipage of a prince.

5. Carriage of state; vehicle; as celestial equipage.

Milton.

6. Accouterments; habiliments; ornamental furniture.

Prior.

Equipaged

EQ'UIPAGED, adjective Furnished with equipage; attended with a splendid retinue.

Cowper. Spenser.

Equipendency

EQUIPEN'DENCY, noun [Latin oequus, equal, and pendeo, to hang.]

The act of hanging in equipoise; a being not inclined or determined either way.

South.

Equipment

EQUIP'MENT, noun The act of equipping, or fitting for a voyage or expedition.

2. Any thing that is used in equipping; furniture; habiliments; warlike apparatus; necessaries for an expedition, or for a voyage; as the equipments of a ship or an army.

Equipoise

E'QUIPOISE, noun s as z. [Latin oequus, equal, and French poids, or rather Welsh pwys, weight. See Poise.]

Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced. Hold the scales in equipoise. The mind may be in a state of equipoise, when motives are of equal weight.

Equipollence

EQUIPOL'LENCE, or EQUIPOL'LENCY, noun [Latin oequus and pollentia, power, polleo, to be able.]

1. Equality of power or force.

2. In logic, an equivalence between two or more propositions; that is, when two propositions signify the same thing, though differently expressed.

Encyc.

Equipollent

EQUIPOL'LENT, adjective [supra.] Having equal power or force; equivalent. In logic, having equivalent signification.

Bacon.

Equiponderance

EQUIPON'DERANCE, noun [Latin oequus, equal, and pondus, weight.] Equality of weight; equipoise.

Equiponderant

EQUIPON'DERANT, adjective [supra.] Being of the same weight.

Locke.

Equiponderate

EQUIPON'DERATE, verb intransitive [Latin oequus, equal, and pondero, to weigh.]

To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing.

Wilkins.

Equipondious

EQUIPON'DIOUS, adjective Having equal weight on both sides.

Glanville.

Equipped

EQUIP'PED, participle passive Furnished with habiliments, arms, and whatever is necessary for a military expedition, or for a voyage or cruise.

Equipping

EQUIP'PING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with habiliments or warlike apparatus; supplying with things necessary for a voyage.

Equisonance

EQUISO'NANCE, noun An equal sounding; a name by which the Greeks distinguished the consonances of the octave and double octave.

Busby.

Equitable

EQ'UITABLE, noun [French equitable, from Latin oequitas, from oequus, equal.]

1. Equal in regard to the rights of persons; distributing equal justice; giving each his due; assigning to one or more what law or justice demands; just; impartial. The judge does justice by an equitable decision. The court will make an equitable distribution of the estate.

2. Having the disposition to do justice, or doing justice; impartial; as an equitable judge.

3. Held or exercised in equity, or with chancery powers; as the equitable jurisdiction of a court.

Kent.

Equitableness

EQ'UITABLENESS, noun The quality of being just and impartial; as the equitableness of a judge.

2. Equity; the state of doing justice, or distributing to each according to his legal or just claims; as the equitableness of a decision or distribution of property.

Equitably

EQ'UITABLY, adverb In an equitable manner; justly; impartially. The laws should be equitably administered.

Equitant

EQ'UITANT, adjective [Latin equitans, equito, to ride, from eques, a horseman, or equus, a horse.]

In botany, riding, as equitant leaves: a term of leafing or foliation, when two opposite leaves converge so with their edges, that one incloses the other; or when the inner leaves are inclosed by the outer ones.

Martyn.

Equitation

EQUITA'TION, noun A riding on horseback.

Barrow.

Equity

EQ'UITY, noun [Latin oequitas, from oequus, equal, even, level; French equitÃƒ-©; Italian equitÃƒ- .]

1. Justice; right. In practice, equity is the impartial distribution of justice, or the doing that to another which the laws of God and man, and of reason, give him a right to claim. It is the treating of a person according to justice and reason.

The Lord shall judge the people with equity. Psalm 98.

With righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity. Isaiah 11.

2. Justice; impartiality; a just regard to right or claim; as, we must, in equity, allow this claim.

3. In law, an equitable claim. ``I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.'

Kent.

4. In jurisprudence, the correction or qualification of law, when too severe or defective; or the extension of the words of the law to cases not expressed, yet coming within the reason of the law. Hence a court of equity or chancery, is a court which corrects the operation of the literal text of the law, and supplies its defects, by reasonable construction, and by rules of proceeding and deciding, which are not admissible in a court of law. Equity then is the law of reason, exercised by the chancellor or judge, giving remedy in cases to which the courts of law are not competent.

Blackstone.

5. Equity of redemption, in law, the advantage, allowed to a mortgager, of a reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, when the estate is of greater value than the sum for which it was mortgaged.

Blackstone.

Equivalence

EQUIV'ALENCE, noun [Latin oequus, equal, and valens, from valeo, to be worth.]

1. Equality of value; equal value or worth. Take the goods and give an equivalence in corn.

2. Equal power or force. [To equivalence, a verb, used by Brown, has not gained currency.]

Equivalent

EQUIV'ALENT, adjective Equal in value or worth. In barter, the goods given are supposed to be equivalent to the goods received. Equivalent in value or worth, is tautological.

2. Equal in force, power or effect. A steam engine may have force or power equivalent to that of thirty horses.

3. Equal in moral force, cogency or effect on the mind. Circumstantial evidence may be almost equivalent to full proof.

4. Of the same import or meaning. Friendship and amity are equivalent terms.

For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent.

South.

Equivalent propositions in logic are called also equipollent.

5. Equal in excellence or moral worth.

Milton.

Equivalent

EQUIV'ALENT, noun That which is equal in value, weight, dignity or force, with something else. The debtor cannot pay his creditor in money, but he will pay him an equivalent. Damages in money cannot be an equivalent for the loss of a limb.

2. In chimistry, equivalent is the particular weight or quantity of any substance which is necessary to saturate any other with which it can combine. It is ascertained that chimical combinations are definite, that is, the same body always enters into combination in the same weight, or if it can combine with a particular body in more than one proportion, the higher proportion is always a multiple of the lower.

Silliman.

Equivalently

EQUIV'ALENTLY, adverb In an equal manner.

Equivocacy

EQUIV'OCACY, noun Equivocalness. [Not used.]

Brown.

Equivocal

EQUIV'OCAL, adjective [Low Latin oequivocus; oequus, equal, and vox, a word; French equivoque; Italian equivocale. See Vocal.]

1. Being of doubtful signification; that may be understood in different senses; capable of a double interpretation; ambiguous; as equivocal words, terms or senses. Men may be misled in their opinions by the use of equivocal terms.

2. Doubtful; ambiguous; susceptible of different constructions; not decided. The character of the man is somewhat equivocal. His conduct is equivocal.

3. Uncertain; proceeding from some unknown cause, or not from the usual cause. Equivocal generation is the production of animals without the intercourse of the sexes, and of plants without seed. This doctrine is now exploded.

Equivocal

EQUIV'OCAL, noun A word or term of doubtful meaning, or capable of different meanings.

Dennis.

Equivocally

EQUIV'OCALLY, adverb Ambiguously; in a doubtful sense; in terms susceptible of different senses. He answered the question equivocally.

2. By uncertain birth; by equivocal generation.

Bentley.

Equivocalness

EQUIV'OCALNESS, noun Ambiguity; double meaning.

Norris.

Equivocate

EQUIV'OCATE, verb intransitive [Italian equivocare; French equivoquer. See Equivocal.]

To use words of a doubtful signification; to express one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses; to use ambiguous expressions. To equivocate is the dishonorable work of duplicity. The upright man will not equivocate in his intercourse with his fellow men.

Equivocating

EQUIV'OCATING, participle of the present tense Using ambiguous words or phrases.

Equivocation

EQUIVOCA'TION, noun Ambiguity of speech; the use of words or expressions that are susceptible of a double signification. Hypocrites are often guilty of equivocation, and by this means lose the confidence of their fellow men. Equivocation is incompatible with the christian character and profession.

Equivocator

EQUIV'OCATOR, noun One who equivocates; one who uses language which is ambiguous and may be interpreted in different ways; one who uses mental reservation.

Equivoke

E'QUIVOKE, noun [French equivoque.] An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations.

2. Equivocation.

Equivorous

EQUIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin equus, horse, and voro, to eat.]

Feeding or subsisting on horse flesh.

Equivorous Tartars.

Quart. Rev.

ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic form of the Latin or; the one contracted from wer, the other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things indifferently; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place; Londoner is the same as London-man.

There is a passage in Herodotus, Melpomene, 110, in which the word wer, vir, a man, is mentioned as used by the Scythians; a fact proving the affinity of the Scythian and the Teutonic nations..'.,. ``The Scythians call the Amazons Oiorpata, a word which may be rendered, in Greek, menkillers; for oior is the name they give to man, pata signifies to kill.' Pata, in the Burman language, signifies to kill; but it is probable that this is really the English beat.

Era

E'RA, noun [Latin oera; French ere; Spanish era. The origin of the term is not obvious.]

1. In chronology, a fixed point of time, from which any number of years is begun to be counted; as the Christian Era. It differs from epoch in this; era is a point of time fixed by some nation or denomination of men; epoch is a point fixed by historians and chronologists. The christian era began at the epoch of the birth of Christ.

Encyc.

2. A succession of years proceeding from a fixed point, or comprehended between two fixed points. The era of the Seleucides ended with the reign of Antiochus.

Rollin.

Eradiate

ERA'DIATE, verb intransitive [Latin e and radio, to beam.]

To shoot as rays of light; to beam.

Eradiation

ERADIA'TION, noun Emission of rays or beams of light; emission of light or splendor.

King Charles.

Eradicate

ERAD'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin eradico, from radix, root.]

1. To pull up the roots, or by the roots. Hence, to destroy any thing that grows; to extirpate; to destroy the roots, so that the plant will not be reproduced; as, to eradicate weeds.

2. To destroy thoroughly; to extirpate; as, to eradicate errors, or false principles, or vice, or disease.

Eradicated

ERAD'ICATED, participle passive Plucked up by the roots; extirpated; destroyed.

Eradicating

ERAD'ICATING, participle of the present tense Pulling up the roots of any thing; extirpating.

Eradication

ERADICA'TION, noun The act of plucking up by the roots; extirpation; excision; total destruction.

2. The state of being plucked up by the roots.

Eradicative

ERAD'ICATIVE, adjective That extirpates; that cures or destroys thoroughly.

Eradicative

ERAD'ICATIVE, noun A medicine that effects a radical cure.

Whitlock.

Erasable

ERA'SABLE, adjective That may or can be erased.

Erase

ERA'SE, verb transitive [Latin erado, erasi; e and rado, to scrape, French raser, Spanish raer, Italian raschiare, Armoric raza. See Arabic to corrode, Chaldee to scrape, Hebrew a graving tool, Syriac and Arabic garata, to scrape. Class Rd. No 35. 38 and 58.]

1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved or painted; to efface; as, to erase a word or a name.

2. To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; as with pen and ink.

3. To efface; to destroy; as ideas in the mind or memory.

4. To destroy to the foundation. [See Raze.]

Erased

ERA'SED, participle passive Rubbed or scratched out; obliterated; effaced.

Erasement

ERA'SEMENT, noun The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration; destruction.

Erasing

ERA'SING, participle of the present tense Rubbing or scraping out; obliterating; destroying.

Erasion

ERA'SION, noun s. as z. The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration.

Black, Chim.

Erastian

ERAS'TIAN, noun A follower of one Erastus, the leader of a religious sect, who denied the power of the church to discipline its members.

Chambers.

Erastianism

ERAS'TIANISM, noun The principles of the Erastians.

Leslie.

Erasure

ERA'SURE, noun era'zhur. The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.

2. The place where a word or letter has been erased or obliterated.

Ere

ERE, adverb [Saxon oer; German eher; Dutch eer; Gothic air. This is the root of early, and oer, in Saxon, signifies the morning. Before ever, we use or, ``or ever.' Let it be observed, that ere is not to be confounded with e'er, for ever.]

Before; sooner than.

Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore.

Dryden.

The nobleman saith to him, Sir, come down ere my child die. John 4.

In these passages, ere is really a preposition, followed by a sentence, instead of a single word, as below.

Ere

ERE, preposition Before.

Our fruitful Nile

Flow'd ere the wonted season.

Dryden.

Erelong

E'RELONG, adverb [ere and long.] Before a long time had elapsed. [Obs. or little used.]

He mounted the horse, and following the stag, erelong slew him.

Spenser.

2. Before a long time shall elapse; before long. Erelong you will repent of your folly.

The world erelong a world of tears must weep.

Milton.

Erenow

E'RENOW, adverb [ere and now.] Before this time.

Dryden.

Erewhile

E'REWHILE, or E'REWHILES, adverb [ere and while.] Some time ago; before a little while. Obs.

I am as fair now as I was erewhile.

Shak.

Erebus

ER'EBUS, noun [Latin erebus; Greek; Oriental evening, the decline of the sun, whence darkness, blackness.]

In mythology, darkness; hence, the region of the dead; a deep and gloomy place; hell.

Shak. Milton.

Erect

ERECT', adjective [Latin erectus, from erigo, to set upright; e and rego, to stretch or make straight, right, rectus; Italian eretto. See Right.]

1. Upright, or in a perpendicular posture; as, he stood erect.

2. Directed upward.

And suppliant hands, to heaven erect.

Philips.

3. Upright and firm; bold; unshaken.

Let no vain fear thy generous ardor tame;

But stand erect.

Granville.

4. Raised; stretched; intent; vigorous; as a vigilant and erect attention of mind in prayer.

Hooker.

5. Stretched; extended.

6. In botany, an erect stem is one which is without support from twining, or nearly perpendicular; an erect leaf is one which grows close to the stem; an erect flower has its aperture directed upwards.

Martyn.

Erect

ERECT', v.t. To raise and set in an upright or perpendicular direction, or nearly such; as, to erect a pole or flag-staff.

To erect a perpendicular, is to set or form one line on another at right angles.

2. To raise, as a building; to set up; to build; as, to erect a house or temple; to erect a fort.

3. To set up or establish anew; to found; to form; as, to erect a kingdom or commonwealth; to erect a new system or theory.

4. To elevate; to exalt.

I am far from pretending to infallibility: that would be to erect myself into an apostle.

Locke.

5. To raise; to excite; to animate; to encourage.

Why should not hope

As much erect our thoughts, as fear deject them?

Denham.

6. To raise a consequence from premises. [Little used.]

Malebranche erect this proposition.

Locke.

7. To extend; to distend.

Erect

ERECT', v.i. To rise upright.

Bacon.

Erectable

ERECT'ABLE, adjective That can be erected; as an erectable feather.

Montagu.

Erected

ERECT'ED, participle passive Set in a straight and perpendicular direction; set upright; raised; built; established; elevated; animated; extended and distended.

Erecter

ERECT'ER, noun One that erects; one that raises or builds.

Erecting

ERECT'ING, participle of the present tense Raising and setting upright; building; founding; establishing; elevating; inciting; extending and distending.

Erection

EREC'TION, noun The act of raising and setting perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; a setting upright.

2. The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortification; as the erection of a wall, or of a house.

3. The state of being raised, built or elevated.

4. Establishment; settlement; formation; as the erection of a commonwealth, or of a new system; the erection of a bishoprick or an earldom.

5. Elevation; exaltation of sentiments.

Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up.

Sidney.

6. Act of rousing; excitement; as the erection of the spirits.

Bacon.

7. Any thing erected; a building of any kind.

O. Wolcott.

8. Distension and extension.

Erective

ERECT'IVE, adjective Setting upright; raising.

Erectly

ERECT'LY, adverb In an erect posture.

Brown.

Erectness

ERECT'NESS, noun Uprightness of posture or form.

Erector

ERECT'OR, noun A muscle that erects; one that raises.

Eremitage

ER'EMITAGE, noun [See Hermitage.]

Eremite

ER'EMITE, noun [Latin eremita; Greek, from, a desert.]

One who lives in a wilderness, or in retirement, secluded from an intercourse with men. It is generally written hermit, which see.

Raleigh. Milton.

Eremitical

EREMIT'ICAL, adjective Living in solitude, or in seclusion from the world.

Ereption

EREP'TION, noun [Latin ereptio.] A taking or snatching away by force.

Ergat

ER'GAT, v.i. [Latin ergo.] To infer; to draw conclusions. [Not used.]

Hewyt.

Ergo

ER'GO, adverb [Latin] Therefore.

Ergot

ER'GOT, noun [French a spur.] In farriery, a stub, like a piece of soft horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint, and commonly hid under the tuft of the fetlock.

2. A morbid excrescence in grain; a dark-colored shoot, often an inch long, from the ears of grain, particularly of rye.

Ergotism

ER'GOTISM, noun [Latin ergo.] A logical inference; a conclusion.

Brown.

Eriach

ER'IACH, noun [Irish.] A pecuniary fine.

Spenser.

Erigible

ER'IGIBLE, adjective That may be erected. [Ill formed and not used.]

Shaw's Zool.

Eringo

ERINGO. [See Eryngo.]

Eristic

ERIST'IC, or ERIST'ICAL, adjective [Greek, contention; contentious.]

Pertaining to disputes; controversial. [Not in use.]

Erke

ERKE, noun [Greek.] Idle; slothful. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Ermelin

ERMELIN. [See Ermin.]

Ermin

ER'MIN, or ER'MINE, noun [French hermine; Italian armellino; Spanish armiÃƒ-±o; Portugese arminho; Armoric erminicq; Dutch hermelyn; German Danish Swedish hermelin.]

1. An animal of the genus Mustela, an inhabitant of northern climates, in Europe and America. It nearly resembles the martin in shape, but the weasel, in food and manners. In winter, the fur is entirely white; in summer, the upper part of the body is of a pale tawny brown color, but the tail is tipped with black. The fur is much valued.

2. The fur of the ermin.

Ermined

ER'MINED, adjective Clothed with ermin; adorned with the fur of the ermin; as ermined pride; ermined pomp.

Pope.

Erne

ERNE, or AERNE, a Saxon word, signifying a place or receptacle, forms the termination of some English words, as well as Latin; as in barn, lantern, tavern, taberna.

Erode

ERO'DE, v.t. [Latin erodo; e and rodo, to gnaw, Spanish roer, Italian rodere, Arabic to gnaw. Class Rd. No. 35.]

To eat in or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh.

The blood, being too sharp or thin, erodes the vessels.

Wiseman.

Eroded

ERO'DED, participle passive Eaten; gnawÃƒ-©d; corroded.

Eroding

ERO'DING, participle of the present tense Eating into; eating away; corroding.

Erogate

ER'OGATE, v.t. [Latin erogo.] To lay out; to give; to bestow upon. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Erogation

EROGA'TION, noun The act of conferring. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Erose

ERO'SE, adjective [Latin erosus.] In botany, an erose leaf has small sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed.

Martyn.

Erosion

ERO'SION, noun s. as z. [Latin erosio.] The act or operation of eating away.

2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.

Erotic

EROT'IC, or EROT'ICAL, adjective [Greek, love.] Pertaining to love; treating of love.

Encyc.

Erotic

EROT'IC, noun An amorous composition or poem.

Encyc.

Erpetologist

ERPETOL'OGIST, noun [Greek, reptile, and, discourse.]

One who writes on the subject of reptiles, or is versed in the natural history of reptiles.

Chaldee Observer.

Erpetology

ERPETOL'OGY, noun [supra.] That part of natural history which treats of reptiles.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Err

ERR, v.i. [Latin erro; French errer; Spanish errar; Italian errare; German irren; Swedish irra; Danish irrer.]

1. To wander from the right way; to deviate from the true course or purpose.

But errs not nature from this gracious end, From burning suns when livid deaths descend?

Pope.

2. To miss the right way, in morals or religion; to deviate from the path or line of duty; to stray by design or mistake.

We have erred and strayed like lost sheep.

Com. Prayer.

3. To mistake; to commit error; to do wrong from ignorance or inattention. Men err in judgment from ignorance, from want of attention to facts, or from previous bias of mind.

4. To wander; to ramble.

A storm of strokes, well meant, with fury flies.

And errs about their temples, ears, and eyes.

Dryden.

Errable

ER'RABLE, adjective Liable to mistake; fallible. [Little used.]

Errableness

ER'RABLENESS, noun Liableness to mistake or error.

We may infer from the errableness of our nature, the reasonableness of compassion to the seduced.

Decay of piety.

Errand

ER'RAND, noun [Saxon oerend, a message, mandate, legation, business, narration; oerendian, to tell or relate; Swedish ?rende; Danish oerinde.]

1. A verbal message; a mandate or order; something to be told or done; a communication to be made to some person at a distance. The servant was sent on an errand; he told his errand; he has done the errand. These are the most common modes of using this word.

I have a secret errand to thee, O King. Judges 3.

2. Any special business to be transacted by a messenger.

Errant

ER'RANT, adjective [French errant; Latin errans, from erro, to err.]

1. Wandering; roving; rambling; applied particularly to knights, who, in the middle ages, wandered about to seek adventures and display their heroism and generosity, called knights errant.

2. Deviating from a certain course.

Shak.

3. Itinerant.

Obs.

Errant, for arrant, a false orthography. [See Arrant.]

Errantry

ER'RANTRY, noun A wandering; a roving or rambling about.

Addison.

2. The employment of a knight errant.

Erratic

ERRAT'IC, adjective [Latin erraticus, from erro, to wander.] Wandering; having no certain course; roving about without a fixed destination.

Pope.

2. Moving; not fixed or stationary; applied to the planets, as distinguished from the fixed stars.

3. Irregular; mutable.

Harvey.

Erratically

ERRAT'ICALLY, adverb Without rule, order or established method; irregularly.

Brown.

Erration

ERRA'TION, noun A wandering. [Not used.]

Erratum

ERRA'TUM, noun plu. errata. [See Err.] An error or mistake in writing or printing. A list of the errata of a book is usually printed at the beginning or end, with references to the pages and lines in which they occur.

Errhine

ER'RHINE, a. er'rine. [Greek; and, the nose.]

Affecting the nose, or to be snuffed into the nose; occasioning discharges from the nose.

Errhine

ER'RHINE, noun er'rine. A medicine to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus.

Coxe. Encyc.

Erring

ER'RING, participle of the present tense Wandering from the truth or the right way; mistaking; irregular.

Erroneous

ERRO'NEOUS, adjective [Latin erroneus, from erro, to err.]

1. Wandering; roving; unsettled.

They roam

Erroneous and disconsolate.

Philips.

2. Deviating; devious; irregular; wandering from the right course.

Erroneous circulation of blood.

Arbuthnot.

[The foregoing applications of the word are less common.]

3. Mistaking; misled; deviating, by mistake, from the truth. Destroy not the erroneous with the malicious.

4. Wrong; false; mistaken; not conformable to truth; erring from truth or justice; as an erroneous opinion or judgment.

Erroneously

ERRO'NEOUSLY, adverb By mistake; not rightly; falsely.

Erroneousness

ERRO'NEOUSNESS, noun The state of being erroneous, wrong or false; deviation from right; inconformity to truth; as the erroneousness of a judgment or proposition.

Error

ER'ROR, noun [Latin error, from erro, to wander.] A wandering or deviation from the truth; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or believe what is not true. Error may be voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary, when men neglect or pervert the proper means to inform the mind; involuntary, when the means of judging correctly are not in their power. An error committed through carelessness or haste is a blunder.

Charge home upon error its most tremendous consequences.

J. M. Mason.

2. A mistake made in writing or other performance. It is no easy task to correct the errors of the press. Authors sometimes charge their own errors to the printer.

3. A wandering; excursion; irregular course.

Driv'n by the winds and errors of the sea.

Dryden.

[This sense is unusual and hardly legitimate.]

4. Deviation from law, justice or right oversight; mistake in conduct.

Say not, it was an error. Ecclesiastes 5.

5. In scripture and theology, sin; iniquity; transgression.

Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults. Psalm 19.

6. In law, a mistake in pleading or in judgment. A writ of error, is a writ founded on an alledged error in judgment, which carries the suit to another tribunal for redress. Hence the following verb,

Error

ER'ROR, v.t. To determine a judgment of court to be erroneous.

[The use of this verb is not well authorized.]

Erse

ERSE, noun The language of the descendants of the Gaels or Celts, in the highlands of Scotland.

Erst

ERST, adverb [Saxon oerest, superlative of oer. See Ere.]

1. First; at first; at the beginning.

2. Once; formerly; long ago.

3. Before; till then or now; hitherto.

[This word is obsolete, except in poetry.]

Erstwhile

ERSTWHILE, adverb Till then or now; formerly. Obs.

Glanville.

Erubescence

ERUBES'CENCE, noun [Latin erubescens, erubesco, from rubeo, to be red.]

A becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of any thing; a blushing.

Erubescent

ERUBES'CENT, adjective Red, or reddish; blushing.

Eruct

ERUCT', or ERUCT'ATE, v.t. [Latin eructo, ructor, coinciding in elements with Chaldee Hebrew to spit. Qu. yerk.]

To belch; to eject from the stomach, as wind. [Little used.]

Howell.

Eructation

ERUCTA'TION, noun [Latin eructatio.] The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.

2. A violent bursting forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth.

Woodward.

Erudite

ER'UDITE, adjective [Latin eruditus, from erudio, to instruct. Qu. e and rudis, rude. Rather Chaldee Syriac Samaritan redah, to teach. Class Rd. No. 2.] Instructed; taught; learned.

Chesterfield.

Erudition

ERUDI'TION, noun Learning; knowledge gained by study, or from books and instruction; particularly, learning in literature, as distinct from the sciences, as in history, antiquity and languages. The Scaligers were men of deep erudition.

The most useful erudition for republicans is that which exposes the causes of discords.

J. Adams.

Eruginous

ERU'GINOUS, adjective [Latin oeruginosus, from oerugo, rust.]

Partaking of the substance or nature of copper or the rust of copper; resembling rust.

Erupt

ERUPT', v.i. To burst forth. [Not used.]

Eruption

ERUP'TION, noun [Latin eruptio, from erumpo, erupi; e and rumpo, for rupo; Spanish romper; French rompre. See Class Rb. No. 26. 27. 29.]

1. The act of breaking or bursting forth from inclosure or confinement; a violent emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from a volcano. The eruptions of Hecla in 1783, were extraordinary for the quantity of lava discharged.

2. A sudden or violent rushing forth of men or troops for invasion; sudden excursion. Incensed at such eruption bold.

Milton.

3. A burst of voice; violent exclamation. [Little used.]

South.

4. In medical science, a breaking out of humors; a copious excretion of humors on the skin, in pustules; also, an efflorescence or redness on the skin, as in scarlatina; exanthemata; petechiae; vibices; as in small pox, measles and fevers.

Eruptive

ERUP'TIVE, adjective Bursting forth.

The sudden glance

Appears far south eruptive through the cloud.

Thomson.

2. Attended with eruptions or efflorescence, or producing it; as an eruptive fever.

Eryngo

ERYN'GO, noun [Greek.] The sea-holly, Eryngium, a genus of plants of several species. The flowers are collected in a round head; the receptacle is paleaceous or chaffy. The young shoots are esculent.

Encyc.

Erysipelas

ERYSIP'ELAS, noun [Greek.] A disease called St. Anthony's fire; a diffused inflammation with fever of two or three days, generally with coma or delirium; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor, on some part of the body, but chiefly on the face. One species of erysipelas is called shingles, or eruption with small vesicles.

Coxe. Encyc. Quincy.

Erysipelatous

ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, adjective Eruptive; resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.

Escalade

ESCALA'DE, noun [French id.; Spanish escalada; Italian scalata; from Spanish escala, Italian scala, Latin scala, a ladder, French echelle. See Seale.]

In the military art, a furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.

Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery.

Buckminster.

Escalade

ESCALA'DE, v.t. To scale; to mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; as, to escalade a wall.

Life of Wellington.

Escalop

ESCAL'OP, n. skal'lup. [Dutch schulp, a shell.] A family of bivalvular shell-fish, whose shell is regularly indented. In the center of the top of the shell is a trigonal sinus with an elastic cartilage for its hinge.

2. A regular curving indenture in the margin of any thing. [See Scallop and Scollop.]

Escapade

ESCAPA'DE, noun [French See Escape.] The fling of a horse. In Spanish, flight, escape.

Escape

ESCA'PE, v.t. [French echapper; Norm. echever; Armoric achap; Italian scappare; Spanish Portugese escapar; probably from Latin capio, with a negative prefix, or from a word of the same family.]

1. To flee from and avoid; to get out of the way; to shun; to obtain security from; to pass without harm; as, to escape danger.

A small number, that escape the sword, shall return. Jeremiah 44.

Having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. 2 Peter 1.

2. To pass unobserved; to evade; as, the fact escaped my notice or observation.

3. To avoid the danger of; as, to escape the sea. Acts 28.

Note. This verb is properly intransitive, and in strictness should be followed by from; but usage sanctions the omission of it.

Escape

ESCA'PE, v.i. To flee, shun and be secure from danger; to avoid an evil.

Escape for thy life to the mountains. Genesis 19.

2. To be passed without harm. The balls whistled by me, my comrades fell, but I escaped.

Escape

ESCA'PE, noun Flight to shun danger or injury; the act of fleeing from danger.

I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. Iv.

2. A being passed without receiving injury, as when danger comes near a person, but passes by, and the person is passive. Every soldier who survives a battle has had such an escape.

3. Excuse; subterfuge; evasion.

Raleigh.

4. In law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the sheriff, without due course of law. Escapes are voluntary or involuntary; voluntary, when an officer permits an offender or debtor to quit his custody, without warrant; and involuntary, or negligent, when an arrested person quits the custody of the officer against his will, and is not pursued forthwith and retaken before the pursuer bath lost sight of him.

5. Sally; flight; irregularity. [Little used.]

Shak.

6. Oversight; mistake. [Little used, or improper.]

Escapement

ESCA'PEMENT, noun That part of a clock or watch, which regulates its movements, and prevents their acceleration.

Ed. Encyc.

Escaping

ESCA'PING, participle of the present tense Fleeing from and avoiding danger or evil; being passed unobserved or unhurt; shunning; evading; securing safety; quitting the custody of the law, without warrant.

Escaping

ESCA'PING, noun Avoidance of danger. Ez. 9.

Escargatoire

ESC`ARGATOIRE, noun [French from escargot, a snail.] A nursery of snails.

Addison.

Escarp

ESC`ARP, verb transitive [French escarper, to cut to a slope; Italian scarpa, a slope. See Carve.]

To slope; to form a slope; a military term.

Carleton.

Escarpment

ESC`ARPMENT, noun A slope; a steep descent or declivity.

Buckland.

Eschalot

ESCHALOT, noun shallo'te. [French echalote.] A species of small onion or garlic, belonging to the genus Allium; the ascalonicum.

Encyc.

Eschar

ES'CHAR, noun [Greek.] In surgery, the crust or scab occasioned by burns or caustic applications.

Encyc.

2. A species of Coralline, resembling a net or woven cloth.

Escharotic

ESCHAROT'IC, adjective Caustic; having the power of searing or destroying the flesh.

Coxe. Encyc.

Escharotic

ESCHAROT'IC, noun A caustic application; a medicine which sears or destroys flesh.

Coxe.

Escheat

ESCHE'AT, noun [French echeoir, echoir, choir; Norm. eschier, eschire, eschever, to fall, to happen to, to escheat. The French echoir, seems to be the Spanish caer, which is contracted from the Latin cado, cadere.]

1. Any land or tenements which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, through failure of heirs. It is the determination of the tenure or dissolution of the mutual bond between the lord and tenant, from the extinction of the blood of the tenant, by death or natural means, or by civil means, as forfeiture or corruption of blood.

Blackstone.

2. In the U. States, the falling or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner is found.

Stat. of Mass. and Connecticut.

3. The place or circuit within which the king or lord is entitled to escheats.

England.

4. A writ to recover escheats from the person in possession.

Blackstone. Cowel. Encyc.

5. The lands which fall to the lord or state by escheat.

6. In Scots law, the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a rebel.

Escheat

ESCHE'AT, verb intransitive In England, to revert, as land, to the lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood of the tenant.

2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeiture for treason. In the feudal sense, no escheat can exist in the United States; but the word is used in statutes confiscating the estates of those who abandoned their country, during the revolution, and in statutes giving to the state the lands for which no owner can be found.

Escheat

ESCHE'AT, verb transitive To forfeit. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Escheatable

ESCHE'ATABLE, adjective Liable to escheat.

Escheatage

ESCHE'ATAGE, noun The right of succeding to an escheat.

Sherwood.

Escheated

ESCHE'ATED, participle passive Having fallen to the lord through want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by forfeiture.

Escheating

ESCHE'ATING, participle of the present tense Reverting to the lord through failure of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by forfeiture.

Escheator

ESCHE'ATOR, noun An officer who observes the escheats of the king in the county whereof he is escheator, and certifies them into the treasury.

Camden.

Eschew

ESCHEW', verb transitive [Norm. eschever; Old French escheoir; German scheuen; Italian schivare; French esquiver; Danish skyer; to shun. The German scheu, Danish sky, Italian schifo, is the shy. In Swedish the corresponding words are skygg and skyggia, which leads to the opinion that the radical letters are Kg or Skg; and if so, these words correspond with the German scheuchen, to frighten, to drive away, which we retain in the word shoo, used to scare away fowls.]

To flee from; to shun; to avoid.

He who obeys, destruction shall eschew.

Sandys.

JobÃ‚--feared God and eschewed evil. Job I.

Eschewed

ESCHEW'ED, participle passive Shunned; avoided.

Eschewing

ESCHEW'ING, participle of the present tense Shunning; avoiding.

[This word is nearly obsolete, or at least little used.]

Escocheon

ESCO'CHEON, noun [French] The shield of the family.

Warton.

Escort

ES'CORT, noun [French escorte; Italian scorta, a guard, and scortare, to escort, to abridge, to shorten. From this Italian word, we may infer that escort is from the root of short, which signifies curtailed, cut off; hence the sense is a detachment or small party, or a cutting off, a defense. The Spanish and Portugese word is escolta, r being changed into l. See Short.]

A guard; a body of armed men which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions or munitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect them from an enemy, or in general, for security. [This word is rarely, and never properly used for naval protection or protectors; the latter we call a convoy. I have found it applied to naval protection, but it is unusual.]

Escort

ESCORT', verb transitive To attend and guard on a journey by land; to attend and guard any thing conveyed by land. General Washington arrived at Boston, escorted by a detachment of dragoons. The guards escorted Lord Wellington to London.

Escorted

ESCORT'ED, participle passive Attended and guarded by land.

Escorting

ESCORT'ING, participle of the present tense Attending and guarding by land.

Escot

ESCOT. [See Scot.]

Escouade

ESCOUADE. [See Squad.]

Escout

ESCOUT, [See Scout.]

Escritoir

ESCRITO'IR, noun [Spanish escritorio; Italian scrittoio; French ecritoire, from ecrire, ecrit, to write, from the root of Latin scribo, to scrape.]

A box with instruments and conveniences for writing; sometimes, a desk or chest of drawers with an apartment for the instruments of writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir.

Escrow

ES'CROW, noun [French ecrou, Norm. escrover, escrowe, a scroll, a contraction of scroll, or otherwise from the root of ecrire, ecrivons, to write.]

In law, a deed of lands or tenements delivered to a third person, to hold till some condition is performed by the grantee, and which is not to take effect till the condition is performed. It is then to be delivered to the grantee.

Blackstone.

Escuage

ES'CUAGE, noun [from French ecu, for escu, Latin scutum, a shield.]

In feudal law, service of the shield, called also scutage, a species of tenure by knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war; afterwards exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction.

Blackstone.

Esculapian

ESCULA'PIAN, adjective [from AEsculapius, the physician.]

Medical; pertaining to the healing art.

Young.

Esculent

ES'CULENT, adjective [Latin esculentus, from esca, food.]

Eatable; that is or may be used by man for food; as esculent plants; esculent fish.

Esculent

ES'CULENT, noun Something that is eatable; that which is or may be safely eaten by man.

Escurial

ESCU'RIAL, noun The palace or residence of the King of Spain, about 15 miles North West of Madrid. This is the largest and most superb structure in the kingdom, and one of the most splendid in Europe. It is built in a dry barren spot, and the name itself is said to signify a place full of rocks.

Encyc.

The Escurial is a famous monastery built by Philip II. in the shape of a gridiron, in honor of St. Laurence. It takes its name from a village near Madrid. It contains the king's palace, St. Laurence's church, the monastery of Jerenomites, and the free schools.

Portugese Dict.

Escutcheon

ESCUTCH'EON, noun [French ecusson, for escusson, from Latin scutum, a shield, Italian scudo, Spanish escudo, Armoric scoeda.]

The shield on which a coat of arms is represented; the shield of a family; the picture of ensigns armorial.

Encyc. Johnson.

Escutcheoned

ESCUTCH'EONED, adjective Having a coat of arms or ensign.

Young.

Esloin

ESLOIN', verb transitive [French eloigner.] To remove. [Not in use.]

Esophagotomy

ESOPHAGOT'OMY, noun [esophagus and, a cutting.]

In surgery, the operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage.

Journ. of Science.

Esophagus

ESOPH'AGUS, noun [Greek.] The gullet; the canal through which food and drink pass to the stomach.

Esopian

ESO'PIAN, adjective [from AEsop.] Pertaining to AEsop; composed by him or in his manner.

Warton.

Esoteric

ESOT'ERIC, adjective [Greek, interior, from, within.]

Private; an epithet applied to the private instructions and doctrines of Pythagoras; opposed to exoteric, or public.

Enfield.

Esotery

ESOT'ERY, noun Mystery; secrecy. [Little used.]

Espalier

ESPAL'IER, noun [French espalier; Spanish espalera; Italian spalliera; from Latin palus, a stake or pole.]

A row of trees planted about a garden or in hedges, so as to inclose quarters or separate parts, and trained up to a lattice of wood-work, or fastened to stakes, forming a close hedge or shelter to protect plants against injuries from wind or weather.

Encyc.

Espalier

ESPAL'IER, verb transitive To form an espalier, or to protect by an espalier.

Esparcet

ESPAR'CET, noun A kind of sainfoin.

Mortimer.

Especial

ESPE'CIAL, adjective [French special; Latin specialis, from specio, to see, species, kind.]

Principal; chief; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree.

Especially

ESPE'CIALLY, adverb Principally; chiefly; particularly; in an uncommon degree; in reference to one person or thing in particular.

Especialness

ESPE'CIALNESS, noun The state of being especial.

Esperance

ES'PERANCE, noun [French from Latin spero, to hope.] Hope. [Not English.]

Shak.

Espial

ESPI'AL, noun [See Spy.] A spy; the act of espying.

Elyot.

Espinel

ES'PINEL, noun A kind of ruby. [See Spinel.]

Espionage

ES'PIONAGE, noun [French from espionner, to spy, espion, a spy.]

The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others and attempting to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; the practice of watching others without being suspected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made.

Esplanade

ESPLANA'DE, noun [French id.; Spanish esplanada; Italian spianata; from Latin planus, plain.]

1. In fortification, the glacis of the counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the covered-way towards the country; or the void space between the glacis of a citadel, and the first houses of the town.

Encyc. Bailey.

2. In gardening, a grass-plat.

Espousal

ESPOUS'AL, adjective espouz'al. [See Espouse.]

Used in or relating to the act of espousing or betrothing.

Bacon.

Espousal

ESPOUS'AL, noun The act of espousing or betrothing.

2. Adoption; protection.

Ld. Orford.

Espousals

ESPOUS'ALS, noun plu. The act of contracting or affiancing a man and woman to each other; a contract or mutual promise of marriage.

I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thine espousals. Jeremiah 2.

Espouse

ESPOUSE, verb transitive espouz'. [French epouser; Italian sposare; Portugese desposar; Spanish desposar, to marry; desposarse, to be betrothed. If this word is the same radically as the Latin spondeo, sponsus, the letter n, in the latter, must be casual, or the modern languages have lost the letter. The former is most probable; in which case, spondeo was primarily spodeo, sposus.]

1. To betroth.

When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph. Matthew 1.

2. To betroth; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in writing, or by some pledge; as, the king espoused his daughter to a foreign prince. Usually and properly followed by to, rather than with.

3. To marry; to wed.

Shak. Milton.

4. To unite intimately or indissolubly.

I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ. 2 Corinthians 11.

5. To embrace; to take to one's self, with a view to maintain; as, to espouse the quarrel of another; to espouse a cause.

Dryden.

Espoused

ESPOUS'ED, participle passive Betrothed; affianced; promised in marriage by contract; married; united intimately; embraced.

Espouser

ESPOUS'ER, noun One who espouses; one who defends the cause of another.

Espousing

ESPOUS'ING, participle of the present tense Betrothing; promising in marriage by covenant; marrying; uniting indissolubly; taking part in.

Espy

ESPY', verb transitive [French epier, espier; Spanish espiar; Italian spiare; Dutch bespieden, from spiede, a spy; German spahen, to spy; Swedish speia; Danish speider; Welsh yspiaw, and yspeithiaw, from yspaith, paith. See Spy. The radical letters seem to be Pd; if not, the word is a contraction from the root of Latin specio.]

1. To see at a distance; to have the first sight of a thing remote. Seamen espy land as they approach it.

2. To see or discover something intended to be hid, or in a degree concealed and not very visible; as, to espy a man in a crowd, or a thief in a wood.

3. To discover unexpectedly.

As one of them opened his sack, he espied his money. Genesis 42.

4. To inspect narrowly; to examine and make discoveries.

Moses sent me to espy out the land, and I brought him word again. Joshua 14.

Espy

ESPY', verb intransitive To look narrowly; to look about; to watch.

Stand by the way and espy. Jeremiah 48.

[This word is often pronounced spy, which see.]

Espy

ESPY', noun A spy; a scout.

Esquire

ESQUI'RE, noun [French ecuyer; Italian scudiere; Spanish escudero; Portugese escudeiro; from Latin scutum, a shield, from Greek, a hide, of which shields were anciently made, or from the root of that word, Saxon sceadan. See Shade.]

Properly, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, scutifer; an attendant on a knight. Hence in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below a knight. In England, this title is given to the younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king's courts and of the household, to counselors at law, justices of the peace, while in commission, sheriffs, and other gentlemen. In the United States, the title is given to public officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices and attorneys. Indeed the title, in addressing letters, is bestowed on any person at pleasure, and contains no definite description. It is merely an expression of respect.

Esquire

ESQUI'RE, verb transitive To attend; to wait on.

Essay

ESSA'Y, verb transitive [French essayer; Norm. essoyer; Armoric oeczaca; Dutch zoeken, to seek; bezoeken, verzoeken, to essay; German suchen, to seek; versuchen, to essay; Danish forsÃƒ-¶ger; Swedish f?rs?kia; Spanish ensayar; Portugese ensaiar; Italian saggiare, assaggiare. The primary word is seek, the same as Latin sequor. See Seek. The radical sense is to press, drive, urge, strain, strive, Chaldee. Class Sg. No. 46.]

1. To try; to attempt; to endeavor; to exert one's power or faculties, or to make an effort to perform any thing.

While I this unexampled task essay.

Blackmore.

2. To make experiment of.

3. To try the value and purity of metals. In this application, the word is now more generally written assay, which see.

Essay

ES'SAY, noun A trial; attempt; endeavor; an effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of any thing. We say, to make an essay.

Fruitless our hopes, though pious our essays.

Smith.

2. In literature, a composition intended to prove or illustrate a particular subject; usually shorter and less methodical and finished than a system; as an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils; an essay on commerce.

3. A trial or experiment; as, this is the first essay.

4. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities of a metal. [In this sense, see Assay.]

5. First taste of any thing.

Dryden.

Essayed

ESSA'YED, participle passive Attempted; tried.

Essayer

ESSA'YER, noun One who writes essays.

Addison.

Essaying

ESSA'YING, participle of the present tense Trying; making an effort; attempting.

Essayist

ESSA'YIST, noun A writer of an essay, or of essays.

Butler.

Essence

ES'SENCE, noun [Latin essentia; French essence; Italian essenza; Spanish esencia; from Latin esse, to be; Swedish v?sende; Gothic wisands, from wisan, Saxon wesan, to be, whence was. The sense of the verb is, to set, to fix, to be permanent.]

1. That which constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others.

Mr. Locke makes a distinction between nominal essence and real essence. The nominal essence, for example, of gold, is that complex idea expressed by gold; the real essence is the constitution of its insensible parts, on which its properties depend, which is unknown to us.

The essence of God bears no relation to place.

E. Dutch Griffin.

2. Formal existence; that which makes any thing to be what it is; or rather, the peculiar nature of a thing; the very substance; as the essence of ehristianity.

3. Existence; the quality of being.

I could have resigned my very essence.

Sidney.

4. A being; an existent person; as heavenly essences.

Milton.

5. Species of being.

Bacon.

6. Constituent substance; as the pure essence of a spirit. [Locke's real essence, supra.]

Milton.

7. The predominant qualities or virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined or rectified from grosser matter; or more strictly, a volatile essential oil; as the essence of mint.

8. Perfume, odor, scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume.

Nor let th' imprisoned essences exhale.

Pope.

Essence

ES'SENCE, verb transitive To perfume; to scent.

Essenced

ES'SENCED, participle passive Perfumed; as essenced fops.

Addison.

Essenes

ESSE'NES, noun Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.

Essential

ESSEN'TIAL, adjective [Latin essentialis.] Necessary to the constitution or existence of a thing. Piety and good works are essential to the christian character. Figure and extension are essential properties of bodies.

And if each system in gradation roll,

Alike essential to the amazing wholeÃ‚--

Pope.

2. Important in the highest degree.

Judgment is more essential to a general than courage.

Denham.

3. Pure; highly rectified. Essential oils are such as are drawn from plants by distillation in an alembic with water, as distinguished from empyreumatic oils, which are raised by a naked fire without water.

Encyc.

Essential

ESSEN'TIAL, noun Existence; being. [Little used.]

Milton.

2. First or constituent principles; as the essentials of religion.

3. The chief point; that which is most important.

Essentiality

ESSENTIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being essential; first or constituent principles.

Swift.

Essentially

ESSEN'TIALLY, adverb By the constitution of nature; in essence; as, minerals and plants are essentially different.

2. In an important degree; in effect. The two statements differ, but not essentially.

Essentiate

ESSEN'TIATE, verb intransitive To become of the same essence.

B. Jonson.

Essentiate

ESSEN'TIATE, verb transitive To form or constitute the essence or being of.

Boyle.

Essoin

ESSOIN', noun [Norm. exon, excuse; Law. Latin exonia, sonium; Old French exonier, essonier, to excuse. Spelman deduces the word from ex and soing, care. But qu.]

1. An excuse; the alledging of an excuse for him who is summoned to appear in court and answer, and who neglects to appear at the day. In England, the three first days of a term are called essoin-days, as three days are allowed for the appearance of suitors.

Blackstone. Cowel. Spelman.

2. Excuse; exemption.

Spenser.

3. He that is excused for non-appearance in court, at the day appointed.

Johnson.

Essoin

ESSOIN', verb transitive To allow an excuse for non-appearance in court; to excuse for absence.

Cowel.

Essoiner

ESSOIN'ER, noun An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.

Establish

ESTAB'LISH, verb transitive [French etablir; Spanish establecer; Portugese estabelecer; Italian stabilire; Latin stabilio; Hebrew or; Chaldee Syriac id.; Arabic; to set, fix, establish. Class Sb. No. 37. and see No. 35. See also Arabic, Chaldee to settle, to place, to dwell. Class Db. No. 53. 54.]

1. To set and fix firmly or unalterably; to settle permanently.

I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant. Genesis 17.

2. To found permanently; to erect and fix or settle; as, to establish a colony or an empire.

3. To enact or decree by authority and for permanence; to ordain; to appoint; as, to establish laws, regulations, institutions, rules, ordinances, &c.

4. To settle or fix; to confirm; as, to establish a person, society or corporation, in possessions or privileges.

5. To make firm; to confirm; to ratify what has been previously set or made.

Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law. Romans 3.

6. To settle or fix what is wavering, doubtful or weak; to confirm.

So were the churches established in the faith. Aets xvi.

To the end he may establish your hearts unblamable in holiness. 1 Thessalonians 3.

7. To confirm; to fulfill; to make good.

Establish thy word to thy servant. Psalm 119.

8. To set up in the place of another and confirm.

Who go about to establish their own righteousness. Romans 10.

Established

ESTAB'LISHED, participle passive Set; fixed firmly; founded; ordained; enacted; ratified; confirmed.

Establisher

ESTAB'LISHER, noun He who establishes, ordains or confirms.

Establishing

ESTAB'LISHING, participle of the present tense Fixing; settling permanently; founding; ratifying; confirming; ordaining.

Establishment

ESTAB'LISHMENT, noun [French etablissement.] The act of establishing, founding, ratifying or ordaining.

2. Settlement; fixed state.

Spenser.

3. Confirmation; ratification of what has been settled or made.

Bacon.

4. Settled regulation; form; ordinance; system of laws; constitution of government.

Bring in that establishment by which all men should be contained in duty.

Spenser.

5. Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence; income; salary.

His excellencyÃ‚--might gradually lessen your establishment.

Swift.

6. That which is fixed or established; as a permanent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government, an agency, a factory, &c. The king has establishments to support, in the four quarters of the globe.

German Britain.

7. The episcopal form of religion, so called in England.

8. Settlement or final rest.

We set up our hopes and establishment here.

Wake.

Estafet

ESTAFET', noun [Spanish estafeta.] A military courier. [See Staff.]

Estate

ESTA'TE, noun [French etat, for estat; Dutch staat; German staat; Armoric stad; Italian stato; Spanish estado; Latin status, from sto, to stand. The roots stb, std and stg, have nearly the same signification, to set, to fix. It is probable that the Latin sto is contracted from stad, as it forms steti. See Arabic, Class Sd. No. 46. and Class Dd. No. 22. 23. 24.]

1. In a general sense, fixedness; a fixed condition; now generally written and pronounced state.

She cast us headlong from our high estate.

Dryden.

2. Condition or circumstances of any person or thing, whether high or low. Luke 1.

3. Rank; quality.

Who hath not heard of the greatness of your estate?

Sidney.

4. In law, the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, tenements, or other effects. Estates are real or personal. Real estate consists in lands or freeholds, which descend to heirs; personal estate consists in chattels or movables, which go to executors and administrators. There are also estates for life, for years, at will, &c.

5. Fortune; possessions; property in general. He is a man of a great estate. He left his estate unincumbered.

6. The general business or interest of government; hence, a political body; a commonwealth; a republic. But in this sense, we now use State.

Estates, in the plural, dominions; possessions of a prince.

2. Orders or classes of men in society or government. Herod made a supper for his chief estates. Mark 6.

In Great Britain, the estates of the realm are the king, lords and commons; or rather the lords and commons.

Estate

ESTA'TE, verb transitive To settle as a fortune. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To establish. [Little used.]

Estated

ESTA'TED, participle passive or adjective Possessing an estate.

Swift.

Esteem

ESTEE'M, verb transitive [French estimer; Italian estimare; Spanish Portugese estimar; Armoric istimout, istimein; Latin oetimo; Greek; and, to honor or esteem. See Class Dm. No. 28.]

1. To set a value on, whether high or low; to estimate; to value.

Then he forsook God who made him, and lightly esteemed the rock of his salvation. Deuteronomy 32.

They that despise me shall be lightly esteemed. 1 Samuel 2.

2. To prize; to set a high value on; to regard with reverence, respect or friendship. When our minds are not biased, we always esteem the industrious, the generous, the brave, the virtuous, and the learned.

Will he esteem thy riches? Job 36.

3. To hold in opinion; to repute; to think.

One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every day alike. Romans 14.

4. To compare in value; to estimate by proportion. [Little used.]

Davies.

Esteem

ESTEE'M, noun Estimation; opinion or judgment of merit or demerit. This man is of no worth in my esteem.

2. High value or estimation; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth.

Both those poets lived in much esteem with good and holy men in orders.

Dryden.

Esteemable

ESTEE'MABLE, adjective Worthy of esteem; estimable.

Esteemed

ESTEE'MED, participle passive Valued; estimated; highly valued or prized on account of worth; thought; held in opinion.

Esteemer

ESTEE'MER, noun One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.

A proud esteemer of his own parts.

Locke.

Esteeming

ESTEE'MING, participle of the present tense Valuing; estimating; valuing highly; prizing; thinking; deeming.

Estimable

ES'TIMABLE, adjective [French; Italian estimevole.]

1. That is capable of being estimated or valued; as estimable damage.

Paley.

2. Valuable; worth a great price.

A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man,

Is not so estimable or profitable.

Shak.

3. Worthy of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.

A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable.

Temple.

Estimable

ES'TIMABLE, noun That which is worthy of regard.

Brown.

Estimableness

ES'TIMABLENESS, noun The quality of deserving esteem or regard.

R. Newton.

Estimate

ES'TIMATE, verb transitive [Latin oestimo. See Esteem.]

1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of; to rate by judgment or opinion, without weighing or measuring either value, degree, extent or quantity. We estimate the value of cloth by inspection, or the extent of a piece of land, or the distance of a mountain. We estimate the worth of a friend by his known qualities. We estimate the merits or talents of two different men by judgment. We estimate profits, loss and damage. Hence,

2. To compute; to calculate; to reckon.

Estimate

ES'TIMATE, noun A valuing or rating in the mind; a judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quantity of any thing, without ascertaining it. We form estimates of the expenses of a war, of the probable outfits of a voyage, of the comparative strength of merits of two men, of the extent of a kingdom or its population. Hence estimate may be equivalent to calculation, computation, without measuring or weighing.

2. Value.

Shak.

Estimated

ES'TIMATED, participle passive Valued; rated in opinion or judgment.

Estimating

ES'TIMATING, participle of the present tense Valuing; rating; forming an opinion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity, or degree of worth of any object; calculating; computing.

Estimation

ESTIMA'TION, noun [Latin oestimatio.] The act of estimating.

2. Calculation; computation; an opinion or judgment of the worth, extent or quantity of any thing, formed without using precise data. We may differ in our estimations of distance, magnitude or amount, and no less in our estimation of moral qualities.

3. Esteem; regard; favorable opinion; honor.

I shall have estimation among the multitude, and honor with the elders.

Wisdom.

Estimative

ES'TIMATIVE, adjective Having the power of comparing and adjusting the worth or preference. [Little used.]

Hale. Boyle.

2. Imaginative.

Estimator

ES'TIMATOR, noun One who estimates or values.

Estival

ES'TIVAL, adjective [Latin oestivus, from oestas, summer. See Heat.]

Pertaining to summer, or continuing for the summer.

Estivate

ES'TIVATE, verb intransitive To pass the summer.

Estivation

ESTIVA'TION, noun [Latin oestivatio, from oestas, summer, oestivo, to pass the summer.]

1. The act of passing the summer.

Bacon.

2. In botany, the disposition of the petals within the floral gem or bud; 1. convolute, when the petals are rolled together like a scroll; 2. imbricate, when they lie over each other like tiles on a roof; 3. conduplicate, when they are doubled together at the midrib; 4. valvate, when as they are about to expand they are placed like the glumes in grasses.

Martyn.

Estop

ESTOP', verb transitive [French etouper, to stop. See Stop.]

In law, to impede or bar, by one's own act.

A man shall always be estopped by his own deed, or not permitted to aver or prove any thing in contradiction to what he has once solemnly avowed.

Blackstone.

Estopped

ESTOP'PED, participle passive Hindered; barred; precluded by one's own act.

Estopping

ESTOP'PING, participle of the present tense Impeding; barring by one's own act.

Estoppel

ESTOP'PEL, noun In law, a stop; a plea in bar, grounded on a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes him from averring any thing to the contrary.

If a tenant for years levies a fine to another person, it shall work as an estoppel to the cognizor.

Blackstone.

Esto Vers

ESTO VERS, noun [Norm. estoffer, to store, stock, furnish; estuffeures, stores; French etoffer, to stuff. See Stuff.]

In law, necessaries, or supplies; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for the use of a tenant; such as sustenance of a felon in prison, and for his family, during his imprisonment; alimony for a woman divorced, out of her husband's estate. Common of estovers is the liberty of taking the necessary wood for the use or furniture of a house or farm, from another's estate. In Saxon, it is expressed by bote, which signifies more or supply, as housebote, plow-bote, fire-bote, cart-bote, &c.

Blackstone.

Estrade

ESTRA'DE, noun [French] An even or level place.

Dict.

Estrange

ESTRANGE, verb transitive [French etranger. See Strange.]

1. To keep at a distance; to withdraw; to cease to frequent and be familiar with.

Had we estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent.

Hooker.

I thus estrange my person from her bed.

Dryden.

2. To alienate; to divert from its original use or possessor; to apply to a purpose foreign from its original or customary one.

They have estranged this place, and burnt incense in it to other gods. Jeremiah 19.

3. To alienate, as the affections; to turn from kindness to indifference or malevolence.

I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me.

Pope.

4. To withdraw; to withhold.

We must estrange our belief from what is not clearly evidenced.

Glanville.

Estranged

ESTRANGED, participle passive Withdrawn; withheld; alienated.

Estrangement

ESTRANGEMENT, noun Alienation; a keeping at a distance; removal; voluntary abstraction; as an estrangement of affection.

An estrangement of desires from better things.

South.

Estranging

ESTRANGING, participle of the present tense Alienating; withdrawing; keeping at or removing to a distance.

Estrapade

ESTRAPA'DE, noun [French strappado.] The defense of a horse that will not obey, and which, to get rid of his rider, rises before and yerks furiously with his hind legs.

Farrier's Dict.

Estray

ESTRA'Y, verb intransitive To stray. [See Stray.]

Estray

ESTRA'Y, noun [Norm. estrayer, probably allied to straggle, and perhaps from the root of Welsh trag, beyond.]

A tame beast, as a horse, ox or sheep, which is found wandering or without an owner; a beast supposed to have strayed from the power or inclosure of its owner. It is usually written stray.

Blackstone.

Estreat

ESTRE'AT, noun [Norm. estraite or estreite, from Latin extractum, extraho, to draw out.]

In law, a true copy or duplicate of an original writing, especially of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff or other officer, on every offender.

Cowel. Encyc.

Estreat

ESTRE'AT, verb intransitive To extract; to copy.

Blackstone.

Estreated

ESTRE'ATED, participle passive Extracted; copied.

Estrepement

ESTRE'PEMENT, noun [Norm. estreper, estripper, to waste; to strip.]

In law, spoil; waste; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice of the owner.

Blackstone. Cowel.

Estrich

ES'TRICH, noun The ostrich, which see.

Estuance

ES'TUANCE, noun [Latin oestus.] Heat. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Estuary

ES'TUARY, noun [Latin oestuarium, from oestuo, to boil or foam, oestus, heat, fury, storm.]

1. An arm of the sea; a frith; a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs.

2. A vapor-bath.

Estuate

ES'TUATE, verb intransitive [Latin oestuo, to boil.] To boil; to swell and rage; to be agitated.

Estuation

ESTUA'TION, noun A boiling; agitation; commotion of a fluid.

Brown. Norris.

Esture

ES'TURE, noun [Latin oestuo.] Violence; commotion. [Not used.]

Chapman.

Esurient

ESU'RIENT, adjective [Latin esuriens, esurio.] Inclined to eat; hungry.

Dict.

Esurine

ES'URINE, adjective Eating; corroding. [Little used.]

Wiseman.

Et Caetera

ET CAETERA, and the contraction etc., de- note the rest, or others of the kind; and so on; and so forth.

Etch

ETCH, verb transitive [German etzen, Dutch etsen, to eat. See Eat.]

1. To make prints on copper-plate by means of lines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten or corroded by nitric acid. The plate is first covered with a proper varnish or ground, which is capable of resisting the acid, and the ground is then scored or scratched by a needle or similar instrument, in the places where the hatchings or engravings are intended to be; the plate is then covered with nitric acid, which corrodes or eats the metal in the lines thus laid bare.

Encyc.

2. To sketch; to delineate. [Not in use.]

Locke.

Etched

ETCH'ED, participle passive Marked and corroded by nitric acid.

Etching

ETCH'ING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng or making prints with nitric acid.

Etching

ETCH'ING, noun The impression taken from an etched copper-plate.

Eteostic

ETEOS'TIC, noun [Greek, true, and, a verse.]

A chronogrammatical composition.

B. Jonson.

Etern

ETERN', adjective Eternal; perpetual; endless. [Not used.]

Shak.

Eternal

ETER'NAL, adjective [French eternel; Latin oeternus, composed of oevum and ternus, oeviternus. Varro. The origin of the last component part of the word is not obvious. It occurs in diuturnus, and seems to denote continuance.]

1. Without beginning or end of existence.

The eternal God is thy refuge. Deuteronomy 33.

2. Without beginning of existence.

To know whether there is any real being, whose duration has been eternal.

Locke.

3. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal.

That they may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 2 Timothy 2.

What shall I do, that I may have eternal life? Matthew 19.

Suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude 7.

4. Perpetual; ceaseless; continued without intermission.

And fires eternal in thy temple shine.

Dryden.

5. Unchangeable; existing at all times without change; as eternal truth.

Eternal

ETER'NAL, noun An appellation of God.

Hooker. Milton.

Eternalist

ETER'NALIST, noun One who holds the past existence of the world to be infinite.

Burnet.

Eternalize

ETER'NALIZE, verb transitive To make eternal; to give endless duration to. [We now use eternize.]

Eternally

ETER'NALLY, adverb Without beginning or end of duration, or without end only.

2. Unchangeably; invariably; at all times.

That which is morally good must be eternally and unchangeably so.

South.

Perpetually; without intermission; at all times.

Where western gales eternally reside.

Addison.

Eternity

ETER'NITY, noun [Latin oeternitas.] Duration or continuance without beginning or end.

By repeating the idea of any length of duration, with the endless addition of number, we come by the idea of eternity.

Locke.

The high and lofty one who inhabiteth eternity. Isaiah 57.

We speak of eternal duration preceding the present time. God has existed from eternity. We also speak of endless or everlasting duration in future, and dating from present time or the present state of things. Some men doubt the eternity of future punishment, though they have less difficulty in admitting the eternity of future rewards.

Eternize

ETER'NIZE, verb transitive [French eterniser; Spanish eternizar; Italian eternare; Low Latin oeterno.]

1. To make endless.

2. To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely; to perpetuate; as, to eternize woe.

Milton.

So we say, to eternize fame or glory.

3. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize a name; to eternize exploits.

Eternized

ETER'NIZED, participle passive Made endless; immortalized.

Eternizing

ETER'NIZING, participle of the present tense Giving endless duration to; immortalizing.

Etesian

ETE'SIAN, adjective ete'zhan. [Latin etesius; Greek, from, a year. Qu. Ethiopic owed, awed, a circuit or circle, and the verb, to go round.]

Stated; blowing at stated times of the year; periodical. Etesian winds are yearly or anniversary winds, answering to the monsoons of the East Indies. The word is applied, in Greek and Roman writers, to the periodical winds in the Mediterranean, from whatever quarter they blow.

Encyc.

Ethe

ETHE, adjective Easy. Obs.

Chaucer.

Ethel

E'THEL, adjective Noble. Obs.

Ether

E'THER, noun [Latin oether; Greek, to burn, to shine; weather; Saxon woeder, the air; Dutch weder; German wetter; Swedish v?der.]

1. A thin, subtil matter, much finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers suppose, begins from the limits of the atmosphere and occupies the heavenly space.

Newton.

There fields of light and liquid ether flow.

Dryden.

2. In chimistry, a very light, volatile and inflammable fluid, produced by the distillation of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid. It is lighter than alcohol, of a strong sweet smell, susceptible of great expansion, and of a pungent taste. It is so volatile, that when shaken it is dissipated in an instant.

Encyc. Fourcroy.

Ethereal

ETHE'REAL, adjective Formed of ether; containing or filled with ether; as ethereal space; ethereal regions.

2. Heavenly; celestial; as ethereal messenger.

3. Consisting of ether or spirit.

Vast chain of being, which from God began,

Natures ethereal, human, angel, man.

Pope.

Ethereous

ETHE'REOUS, adjective Formed of ether; heavenly.

Milton.

Etherize

E'THERIZE, verb transitive To convert into ether.

Med. Repos.

Etherized

E'THERIZED, participle passive Converted into ether.

Etherizing

E'THERIZING, participle of the present tense Converting into ether.

Ethic

ETH'IC, or ETH'ICAL, adjective [Latin ethicus; Greek, from, manners.]

Relating to manners or morals; treating of morality; delivering precepts of morality; as ethic discourses or epistles.

Ethically

ETH'ICALLY, adverb According to the doctrines of morality.

Ethics

ETH'ICS, noun The doctrines of morality or social manners; the science of moral philosophy, which teaches men their duty and the reasons of it.

Paley. Encyc.

2. A system of moral principles; a system of rules for regulating the actions and manners of men in society.

Ethiops martial, black oxyd of iron; iron in the form of a very fine powder, and in the first stage of calcination.

Ethiops mineral, a combination of mercury and sulphur, of a black color; black sulphuret of mercury.

Thomson. Nicholson.

Ethmoid

ETH'MOID, or ETHMOID'AL, adjective [Greek, a sieve, and, form.] Resembling a sieve.

Ethmoid

ETH'MOID, noun A bone at the top of the root of the nose.

Ethnic

ETH'NIC, or ETH'NICAL, adjective [Latin ethnicus; Greek, from, nation, from the root of German heide, health, woods, whence heathen. See Heathen.]

Heathen; pagan; pertaining to the gentiles or nations not converted to christianity; opposed to Jewish and Christian.

Ethnic

ETH'NIC, noun A heathen; a pagan.

Ethnicism

ETH'NICISM, noun Heathenism; paganism; idolatry.

B. Jonson.

Ethnology

ETHNOL'OGY, noun [Greek, nation, and, discourse.] A treatise on nations.

Ethological

ETHOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Ethology.] Treating of ethics or morality.

Ethologist

ETHOL'OGIST, noun One who writes on the subject of manners and morality.

Ethology

ETHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, or, manners, morals, and, discourse.]

A treatise on morality or the science of ethics.

Owen. Lunier.

Etiolate

E'TIOLATE, verb intransitive [Greek, to shine.] To become white or whiter; to be whitened by excluding the light of the sun, as plants.

Etiolate

E'TIOLATE, verb transitive To blanch; to whiten by excluding the sun's rays.

Etiolated

E'TIOLATED, participle passive Blanched; whitened by excluding the sun's rays.

Etiolating

E'TIOLATING, participle of the present tense Blanching; whitening by excluding the sun's rays.

Etiolation

ETIOLA'TION, noun The operation of being whitened or of becoming white by excluding the light of the sun.

Fourcroy. Darwin.

In gardening, the rendering plants white, crisp and tender, by excluding the action of light from them.

Cyc.

Etiological

ETIOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to etiology.

Arbuthnot.

Etiology

ETIOL'OGY, noun [Greek, cause, and, discourse.]

An account of the causes of any thing, particularly of diseases.

Quincy.

Etiquet

ETIQUET', noun etiket'. [French etiquette, a ticket; Welsh tocyn, a little piece or slip, from tociaw, to cut off, to dock. Originally, a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents.]

Primarily, an account of ceremonies. Hence in present usage, forms of ceremony or decorum; the forms which are observed towards particular persons, or in particular places, especially in courts, levees, and on public occasions. From the original sense of the word, it may be inferred that it was formerly the custom to deliver cards containing orders for regulating ceremonies on public occasions.

Etite

E'TITE, noun [Greek, an eagle.] Eaglestone, a variety of bog iron. [See Eaglestone.]

Etnean

ETNE'AN, adjective [from AEtna.] Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.

Ettin

ET'TIN, noun A giant. Obs.

Beaum.

Ettle

ET'TLE, verb transitive To earn. [Not in use.]

Boucher.

Etui

ETUI, or ETWEE', or ETWEE'-CASE, noun [French etui, a case.] A case for pocket instruments.

Etymologer

ETYMOL'OGER, noun An etymologist. [Not in use.]

Griffith.

Etymological

ETYMOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Etymology.] Pertaining to etymology or the derivation of words; according to or by means of etymology.

Locke.

Etymologically

ETYMOLOGICALLY, adverb According to etymology.

Etymologist

ETYMOL'OGIST, noun One versed in etymology or the deduction of words from their originals; one who searches into the original of words.

Etymologize

ETYMOL'OGIZE, v. i, To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their simple roots.

Encyc.

Etymology

ETYMOL'OGY, noun [Greek, true, and, discourse.]

1. That part of philology which explains the origin and derivation of words, with a view to ascertain their radical or primary signification.

In grammar, etymology comprehends the various inflections and modifications of words, and shows how they are formed from their simple roots.

2. The deduction of words from their originals; the analysis of compound words into their primitives.

Etymon

ET'YMON, noun [Greek, from, true.] An original root, or primitive word.

Eucharist

EU'CHARIST, noun [Greek, a giving of thanks; well, and, favor.]

1. The sacrament of the Lord's supper; the solemn act or ceremony of commemorating the death of our Redeemer, in the use of bread and wine, as emblems of his flesh and blood, accompanied with appropriate prayers and hymns.

2. The act of giving thanks.

Eucharistic

EUCHARIS'TIC, or EUCHARIS'TICAL, adjective Containing expressions of thanks.

Brown.

2. Pertaining to the Lord's supper.

Euchloric gas, the same as euchlorine.

Davy.

Euchlorine

EUCHLO'RINE, noun [See Chlorine.] In chimistry, protoxyd of chlorine.

Davy. Ure.

Euchology

EUCHOL'OGY, noun [Greek; prayer or vow, and, discourse.]

A formulary of prayers; the Greek ritual, in which are prescribed the order of ceremonies, sacraments and ordinances.

Encyc.

Euchymy

EU'CHYMY, noun [Greek.] A good state of the blood and other fluids of the body.

Euchysiderite

EUCHYSID'ERITE, noun A mineral, considered as a variety of augite.

Phillips.

Euclase

EU'CLASE, noun [Greek and, to break; easily broken.]

A mineral, a species of emerald, prismatic emerald, of a greenish white, apple or mountain green, bluish green, or dark sky blue color. It is a rare mineral, and remarkably brittle, whence its name.

Cleaveland. Jameson.

Eucrasy

EU'CRASY, noun [Greek, well, and, temperament.]

In medicine, such a due or well proportioned mixture of qualities in bodies, as to constitute health or soundness.

Quincy. Encyc.

Eudialyte

EU'DIALYTE, noun A mineral of a brownish red color.

Jameson.

Eudiometer

EUDIOM'ETER, noun [Greek, serene, and, Jove, air, and, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air, or the quantity of oxygen it contains.

Encyc. Ure.

Eudiometric

EUDIOMET'RIC, or EUDIOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to an eudiometer; performed or ascertained by an eudiometer; as eudiometrical experiments or results.

Eudiometry

EUDIOM'ETRY, noun The art or practice of ascertaining the purity of the air by the eudiometer.

Euge

EU'GE, noun Applause. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Eugh

EUGH, a tree. [See Yew.]

Euharmonic

EUHARMON'IC, adjective [Greek, well, and harmonic.]

Producing harmony or concordant sounds; as the euharmonic organ.

Liston.

Eukairite

EUK`AIRITE, noun [Greek, opportune.]

Cupreous seleniuret of silver, a mineral of a shining lead gray color and granular structure.

Cleaveland.

Eulogic

EULOG'IC, or EULOG'ICAL, adjective [See Eulogy.] Containing praise; commendatory.

Eulogist

EU'LOGIST, noun [See Eulogy.] One who praises and commends another; one who writes or speaks in commendation of another, on account of his excellent qualities, exploits or performances.

Eulogium

EULO'GIUM, noun An eulogy.

Eulogize

EU'LOGIZE, verb transitive [See Eulogy.] To praise; to speak or write in commendation of another; to extol in speech or writing.

Eulogized

EU'LOGIZED, participle passive Praised; commended.

Eulogizing

EU'LOGIZING, participle of the present tense Commending; writing or speaking in praise of.

Eulogy

EU'LOGY, noun [Greek; and.] Praise; encomium; panegyric; a speech or writing in commendation of a person, on account of his valuable qualities, or services.

Eunomy

EU'NOMY, noun [Greek; and, law.]

Equal law, or a well adjusted constitution of government.

Mitford.

Eunuch

EU'NUCH, noun [Greek; a bed, and, to keep.] A male of the human species castrated.

Eunuchate

EU'NUCHATE, verb transitive To make a eunuch; to castrate.

Eunuchism

EU'NUCHISM, noun The state of being an eunuch.

Eupathy

EU'PATHY, noun [Greek.] Right feeling.

Harris.

Eupatory

EU'PATORY, noun [Latin eupatorium; Greek.] The plant hemp agrimony.

Eupepsy

EUPEP'SY, noun [Greek; and, concoction.]

Good concoction in the stomach; good digestion.

Eupeptic

EUPEP'TIC, adjective Having good digestion.

Euphemism

EU'PHEMISM, noun [Greek; well, and, to speak.]

A representation of good qualities; particularly in rhetoric, a figure in which a harsh or indelicate word or expression is softened, or rather by which a delicate word or expression is substitued for one which is offensive to good manners or to delicate ears.

Ash. Campbell.

Euphonic

EUPHON'IC, or EUPHON'ICAL, adjective [See Euphony.] Agreeable in sound; pleasing to the ear; as euphonical orthography.

Colebrooke.

The Greeks adopted many changes in the combination of syllables to render their language euphonic, by avoiding such collisions.

E. Porter.

Euphony

EU'PHONY, noun [Greek; and, voice.]

An agreeable sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear.

Euphorbia

EUPHOR'BIA, noun [Greek, with a different signification.]

In botany, spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby herbaceous succulents, some of them armed with thorns.

Encyc.

Euphorbium

EUPHOR'BIUM, noun [Latin from Greek, Arabic forbion.]

In the materia medica, a gummi-resinous substance, exuding from an oriental tree. It has a sharp biting taste, and is vehemently acrimonious, inflaming and ulcerating the fauces.

Encyc.

Euphotide

EU'PHOTIDE, noun A name given by the French to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite.

Cleaveland.

Euphrasy

EU'PHRASY, noun [According to De Theis, this word is contracted from euphrosyne, joy, pleasure; a name given to the plant on account of its wonderful effects in curing disorders of the eyes.]

Eyebright, a genus of plants, Euphrasia, called in French casse-lunette.

Euripus

EU'RIPUS, noun [Greek; Latin Euripus.] A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide or a current flows and reflows, as that in Greece, between Euboea and Attica, or Euboea and Boeotia. It is sometimes used for a strait or frith much agitated.

Burke.

Eurite

EU'RITE, noun The white stone [weiss stein] of Werner; a very small-grained granite, with the parts intmately blended, and hence often apparently compact. It is gray, red, &c., according to the color of the felspar, of which it is principally composed.

Geol. Primer.

Whitestone is a finely granular felspar, containing grains of quartz and scales of mica.

Cleaveland.

Euroclydon

EUROC'LYDON, noun [Greek, wind, and, a wave.]

A tempestuous wind, which drove ashore, on Malta, the ship in which Paul was sailing to Italy. It is supposed to have blown from an easterly point. Acts 27.

Encyc.

Europe

EU'ROPE, noun [Bochart supposes this word to be composed of white face, the land of white people, as distinguished from the Ethiopians, black-faced people, or tawny inhabitants of Asia and Africa.]

The great quarter of the earth that lies between the Atlantic ocean and Asia, and between the Mediterranean sea and the North sea.

European

EUROPE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Europe.

European

EUROPE'AN, noun A native of Europe.

Eurus

EU'RUS, noun [Latin] The east wind.

Eurythmy

EU'RYTHMY, noun [Greek and, rythmus, number or proportion.]

In architecture, painting and sculpture, ease, majesty and elegance of the parts of a body, arising from just proportions in the composition.

Encyc.

Eusebian

EUSE'BIAN, noun An Arian, so called from one Eusebius.

Eustyle

EU'STYLE, noun [Greek and, a column.] In architecture, a sort of building in which the columns are placed at the most convenient distances from each other, the intercolumniations being just two diameters and a quarter of the column, except those in the middle of the face, before and behind, which are three diameters distant.

Encyc.

Euthanasy

EU'THANASY, noun [Greek; and, death.] An easy death.

Arbuthnot.

Eutychian

EUTYCH'IAN, noun A follower of Eutychius, who denied the two natures of Christ.

Eutychianism

EUTYCH'IANISM, noun The doctrines of Eutychius, who denied the two natures of Christ.

Evacate

EVA'CATE, verb transitive [Latin vaco.] To empty. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Evacuant

EVAC'UANT, adjective [Latin evacuans.] Emptying; freeing from.

Evacuant

EVAC'UANT, noun A medicine which procures evacuations, or promotes the natural secretions and excretions.

Evacuate

EVAC'UATE, verb transitive [Latin evacuo; e and vacuus, from vaco, to empty. See Vacant.]

1. To make empty; to free from any thing contained; as, to evacuate the church.

Hooker.

2. To throw out; to eject; to void; to discharge; as, to evacuate dark-colored matter from the bowels. Hence,

3. To empty; to free from contents, or to diminish the quantity contained; as, to evacuate the bowels; to evacuate the vessels by bleeding.

4. To quit; to withdraw from a place. The British army evacuated the city of New York, November 25, 1783.

5. To make void; to nullify; as, to evacuate a marriage or any contract. [In this sense, vacate is now generally used.]

Evacuated

EVAC'UATED, participle passive Emptied; cleared; freed from the contents; quitted, as by an army or garrison; ejected; discharged; vacated.

Evacuating

EVAC'UATING, participle of the present tense Emptying; making void or vacant; withdrawing from.

Evacuation

EVACUA'TION, noun The act of emptying or clearing of the contents; the act of withdrawing from, as an army or garrison.

2. Discharges by stool or other natural means; a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.

Quincy.

3. Abolition; nullification.

Evacuative

EVAC'UATIVE, adjective That evacuates.

Evacuator

EVAC'UATOR, noun One that makes void.

Hammond.

Evade

EVA'DE, verb transitive [Latin evado; e and vado, to go; Spanish evadir; French evader.]

1. To avoid by dexterity. The man evaded the blow aimed at his head.

2. To avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem; to slip away; to elude. The thief evaded his pursuers.

3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address or ingenuity. The advocate evades an argument or the force of an argument.

4. To escape as imperceptible or not to be reached or seized.

South.

Evade

EVA'DE, verb intransitive To escape; to slip away; formerly and properly with from; as, to evade from perils. But from is now seldom used.

2. To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry for the purpose of eluding.

The ministers of God are not to evade and take refuge in any such ways.

South.

Evaded

EVA'DED, participle passive Avoided; eluded.

Evading

EVA'DING, participle of the present tense Escaping; avoiding; eluding; slipping away from danger, pursuit or attack.

Evagation

EVAGA'TION, noun [Latin evagatio, evagor; e and vagor, to wander.]

The act of wandering; excursion; a roving or rambling.

Ray.

Eval

E'VAL, adjective [Latin oevum.] Relating to time or duration. [Not in use.]

Evanescence

EVANES'CENCE, noun [Latin evanescens, from evanesco; e and vanesco, to vanish, from vanus, vain, empty. See Vain.]

1. A vanishing; a gradual departure from sight or possession, either by removal to a distance, or by dissipation, as vapor.

2. The state of being liable to vanish and escape possession.

Evanescent

EVANES'CENT, adjective Vanishing; subject to vanishing; fleeting; passing away; liable to dissipation, like vapor, or to become imperceptible. The pleasures and joys of life are evanescent.

Evangel

EVAN'GEL, noun [Latin evangelium.] The gospel. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Evangelian

EVANGE'LIAN, adjective Rendering thanks for favors.

Mitford.

Evangelic

EVANGEL'IC, or EVANGEL'ICAL, adjective [Low Latin evangelicus, from evangelium, the gospel; Greek, from; well, good, and, to announce, Irish agalla, to tell, to speak, Arabic to tell, Class Gl. No. 49, or Chaldee, to call, No.36.]

1. According to the gospel; consonant to the doctrines and precepts of the gospel, published by Christ and his apostles; as evangelical righteousness, obedience or piety.

2. Contained in the gospel; as an evangelical doctrine.

3. Sound in the doctrines of the gospel; orthodox; as an evangelical preacher.

Evangelically

EVANGEL'ICALLY, adverb In a manner according to the gospel.

Bacon.

Evangelism

EVAN'GELISM, noun The promulgation of the gospel.

Bacon.

Evangelist

EVAN'GELIST, noun A writer of the history, or doctrines, precepts, actions, life and death of our blessed Savior, Jesus Christ; as the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

2. A preacher or publisher of the gospel of Jesus Christ, licensed to preach, but not having charge of a particular church.

Evangelistary

EVAN'GELISTARY, noun A selection of passages from the gospels, as a lesson in divine service.

Gregory.

Evangelization

EVANGELIZA'TION, noun The act of evangelizing.

Evangelize

EVAN'GELIZE, verb transitive [Low Latin evangelizo.] To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to, and convert to a belief of the gospel; as, to evangelize heathen nations; to evangelize the world.

Milner. Buchanan.

Evangelize

EVAN'GELIZE, verb intransitive To preach the gospel.

Evangelized

EVAN'GELIZED, participle passive Instructed in the gospel; converted to a belief of the gospel, or to christianity.

Evangelizing

EVAN'GELIZING, participle of the present tense Instructing in the doctrines and precepts of the gospel; converting to christianity.

Evangely

EVAN'GELY, noun Good tidings; the gospel. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Evanid

EVAN'ID, adjective [Latin evanidus. See Vain.] Faint; weak; evanescent; liable to vanish or disappear; as an evanid color or smell.

Bacon. Encyc.

Evanish

EVAN'ISH, verb intransitive [Latin evanesco. See Vain.] To vanish; to disappear; to escape from sight or perception. [Vanish is more generally used.]

Evanishment

EVAN'ISHMENT, noun A vanishing; disappearance.

Barton.

Evaporable

EVAP'ORABLE, adjective [See Evaporate.] That may be converted into vapor and pass off in fumes; that may be dissipated by evaporation.

Grew.

Evaporate

EVAP'ORATE, verb intransitive [Latin evaporo; e and vaporo, from vapor, which see.]

1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in particles too minute to be visible. Fluids when heated often evaporate in visible steam; but water, on the surface of the earth, generally evaporates in an imperceptible manner.

2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted. Arguments evaporate in words. The spirit of a writer often evaporates in translating.

Evaporate

EVAP'ORATE, verb transitive To convert or resolve a fluid into vapor, which is specifically lighter than the air; to dissipate in fumes, steam, or minute particles. Heat evaporates water at every point of temperature, from 32Ã‚-° to 212Ã‚-°, the boiling point, of Fahrenheit. A north west wind, in New England, evaporates water and dries the earth more rapidly, than the heat alone of a summer's day.

2. To give vent to; to pour out in words or sound.

Wotton.

Evaporate

EVAP'ORATE, adjective Dispersed in vapors.

Evaporated

EVAP'ORATED, participle passive Converted into vapor or steam and dissipated; dissipated in insensible particles, as a fluid.

Evaporating

EVAP'ORATING, participle of the present tense Resolving into vapor; dissipating, as a fluid.

Evaporation

EVAPORA'TION, noun The conversion of a fluid into vapor specifically lighter than the atmospheric air. Evaporation is increased by heat and is followed by cold. It is now generally considered as a solution in the atmosphere.

2. The act of flying off in fumes; vent; discharge.

3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing off a portion of a fluid in steam, that the remainder may be of a greater consistence, or more concentrated.

Evaporometer

EVAPOROM'ETER, noun [Latin evaporo, and Greek, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evaporated in a given time; an atmometer.

Journ. of Science.

Evasion

EVA'SION, noun s as z. [Latin evasio, from evado, evasi. See Evade.]

The act of eluding or avoiding, or of escaping, particularly from the pressure of an argument, from an accusation or charge, from an interrogatory and the like; excuse; subterfuge; equivocation; artifice to elude; shift. Evasion of a direct answer weakens the testimony of a witness.

Thou by evasions thy crime uncover'st more.

Milton.

Evasive

EVA'SIVE, adjective Using evasion or artifice to avoid; elusive; shuffling; equivocating.

HeÃ‚--answered evasive of the sly request.

Pope.

2. Containing evasion; artfully contrived to elude a question, charge or argument; as an evasive answer; an evasive argument or reasoning.

Evasively

EVA'SIVELY, adverb By evasion or subterfuge; elusively; in a manner to avoid a direct reply or a charge.

Evasiveness

EVA'SIVENESS, noun The quality or state of being evasive.

Eve

EVE, noun The consort of Adam, and mother of the human race; so called by Adam, because she was the mother of all living. In this case, the word would properly belong to the Hebrew. But the Hebrew name is havah or chavah, coinciding with the verb, to shew, to discover, and Parkhurst hence denominates Eve, the manifester. In the Septuagint, Eve, in Genesis 3:20is rendered, life; but in Genesis 4:1it is rendered, Euan or Evan. The reason of this variation is not obvious, as the Hebrews is the same in both passages. In Russian Eve is Evva. In the Chickasaw language of America, a wife is called awah, says Adair.

Evection

EVEC'TION, noun [Latin eveho, to carry away.] A carrying out or away; also, a lifting or extolling; exaltation.

Pearson.

Even

E'VEN, or EVE, noun e'vn. [Saxon oefen, efen; Dutch avond; German abend; Swedish afton; Danish aften; Icelandic afftan. Qu. Chaldee, from fanah, to turn, to decline. The evening is the decline of the day, or fall of the sun.]

1. The decline of the sun; the latter part or close of the day, and beginning of the night. Eve is used chiefly in poetry. In prose, we generally use evening.

Winter, oft at eve, resumes the breeze.

Thomson.

They, like so many Alexanders,

Have in these parts from morn till even fought.

Shak.

2. Eve is used also for the fast or the evening before a holiday; as Christmas Eve.

Johnson.

Even-Song

E'VEN-SONG, noun A song for the evening; a form of worship for the evening.

Milton.

2. The evening, or close of the day.

Dryden.

Even-Tide

E'VEN-TIDE, noun [even and Saxon tid, time.]

Literally, the time of evening; that is, evening.

Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the even-tide. Genesis 24.

This word is nearly obsolete; tide being a useless addition to even.

Even

E'VEN, adjective e'vn. [Saxon efen; Dutch even; German eben; Swedish efven; Pers. hovan.

The sense is laid or pressed down, level.]

1. Level; smooth; of an equal surface; falt; not rough or waving; as an even tract of land; an even country; an even surface.

2. Uniform; equal; calm; not easily ruffled or disturbed, elevated or depressed; as an even temper.

3. Level with; parallel to.

And shall lay thee even with the ground. Luke 19.

4. Not leaning.

He could not carry his honors even.

Shak.

5. Equally favorable; on a level in advantage; fair. He met the enemy on even ground. The advocates meet on even ground in argument.

6. Owing nothing on either side; having accounts balanced. We have settled accounts and now are even.

7. Settled; balanced; as, our accounts are even.

8. Equal; as even numbers.

9. Capable of being divided into equal parts, without a remainder; opposed to odd. 4. 6. 8. 10. are even numbers.

Let him tell me whether the number of the stars is even or odd.

Taylor.

Even

E'VEN, v. t. e'vn. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth.

This will even all inequalities.

Evelyn.

This temple Xerxes evened with the soil.

Raleigh.

2. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance accounts.

Shak.

Even

E'VEN, verb intransitive To be equal to. [Not used.]

Carew.

Even

E'VEN, adv. e'vn. Noting a level or equality, or emphatically, a like manner or degree. As it has been done to you, even so shall it be done to others. Thou art a soldier even to Cato's wishes, that is, your qualities, as a soldier, are equal to his wishes.

2. Noting equality or sameness of time; hence emphatically, the very time. I knew the facts, even when I wrote to you.

3. Noting, emphatically, identity of person.

And behold I, even I, do bring a flood of waters on the earth. Genesis 6.

4. Likewise; in like manner.

Here all their rage, and ev'n their murmurs cease.

Pope.

5. So much as. We are not even sensible of the change.

6. Noting the application of something to that which is less probably included in the phrase; or bringing something within a description, which is unexpected. The common people are addicted to this vice, and even the great are not free from it. He made several discoveries which are new, even to the learned.

Here also we see the sense of equality, or bringing to a level. So in these phrases, I shall even let it pass, I shall even do more, we observe the sense of bringing the mind or will to a level with what is to to be done.

Evene

EVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin evenio.] To happen. [Not in use.]

Hewyt.

Evened

E'VENED, participle passive Made even or level.

Evener

E'VENER, noun One that makes even.

Evenhand

E'VENHAND, noun Equality.

Bacon.

Evenhanded

E'VENHANDED, adjective Impartial; equitable; just.

Shak.

Evening

E'VENING, noun [See Eve, Even.] The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline or fall of the day, or of the sun.

The evening and the morning were the first day. Genesis 1.

The precise time when evening begins, or when it ends, is not ascertained by usage. The word often includes a part at least of the afternoon, and indeed the whole afternoon; as in the phrase, ``The morning and evening service of the sabbath.' In strictness, evening commences at the setting of the sun, and continues during twilight, and night commences with total darkness. But in customary language, the evening extends to bed-time, whatever that time may be. Hence we say, to spend an evening with a friend; an evening visit.

2. The decline or latter part of life. We say, the evening of life, or of one's days.

3. The decline of any thing; as the evening of glory.

Evening

E'VENING, adjective Being at the close of day; as the evening sacrifice.

Evening Hymn

E'VENING HYMN, or E'VENING SONG, noun A hymn or song to be sung at evening.

Evening-Star

E'VENING-STAR, noun Hesperus or Vesper; Venus, when visible in the evening.

Evenly

E'VENLY, adv. e'vnly. With an even, level or smooth surface; without roughness, elevations and depressions; as things evenly spread.

2. Equally; uniformly; in an equipoise; as evenly balanced.

3. In a level position; horizontally.

The surface of the sea is evenly distant from the center of the earth.

Brerwood.

4. Impartially; without bias from favor or enmity.

Bacon.

Evenness

E'VENNESS, noun The state of being even, level or smooth; equality of surface.

2. Uniformity; regularity; as evenness of motion.

3. Freedom from inclination to either side; equal distance from either extreme.

Hale.

4. Horizontal position; levelness of surface; as the evenness of a fluid at rest.

5. Impartiality between parties; equal respect.

6. Calmness; equality of temper; freedom from perturbation; a state of mind not subject to elevation or depression; equanimity.

Atterbury.

Event

EVENT', noun [Latin eventus, evenio; e and venio, to come; French evenement; Italian and Spanish evento; Arabic. Class Bn. No. 21.]

1. That which comes, arrives or happens; that which falls out; any incident good or bad.

There is one event to the righteous and to the wicked. Ecclesiastes 9.

2. The consequence of any thing; the issue; conclusion; end; that in which an action, operation, or series of operations terminates. The event of the campaign was to bring about a negotiation for peace.

Event

EVENT', verb intransitive To break forth. [Not used.]

Eventerate

EVENT'ERATE, verb transitive [French eventrer, from the Latin e and venter, the belly.]

To open the bowels; to rip open; to disembowel.

Brown.

Eventerated

EVENT'ERATED, participle passive Having the bowels opened.

Eventerating

EVENT'ERATING, participle of the present tense Opening the bowels.

Eventful

EVENT'FUL, adjective [from event.] Full of events or incidents; producing numerous or great changes, either in public or private affairs; as an eventful period of history; an eventful period of life.

Eventilate

EVEN'TILATE, verb transitive To winnow; to fan; to discuss. [See Ventilate.]

Eventilation

EVENTILA'TION, noun A fanning; discussion.

Eventual

EVENT'UAL, adjective [from event.] Coming or happening as a consequence or result of any thing; consequential.

2. Final; terminating; ultimate.

Burke.

Eventual provision for the payment of the public securities.

Hamilton.

Eventually

EVENT'UALLY, adverb In the event; in the final result or issue.

Eventuate

EVENT'UATE, verb intransitive To issue; to come to an end; to close; to terminate.

J. Lloyd.

Eventuating

EVENT'UATING, participle of the present tense Issuing; terminating.

Ever

EV'ER, adverb [Saxon oefre, efre.] At any time; at any period or point of time, past or future. Have you ever seen the city of Paris, or shall you ever see it?

No man ever yet hated his own flesh. Ephesians 5.

2. At all times; always; continually.

He shall ever love, and always be

The subject of my scorn and cruelty.

Dryden.

He will ever be mindful of his covenant. Psalm 111.

Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 3.

3. Forever, eternally; to perpetuity; during everlasting continuance.

This is may name forever Exodus 3.

In a more lax sense, this word signifies continually, for an indefinite period.

His master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall serve him forever. Exodus 21.

These words are sometimes repeated, for the sake of emphasis; forever and ever, or forever and forever.

Pope. Shak.

4. Ever and anon, at one time and another; now and then.

Dryden.

5. In any degree. No man is ever the richer or happier for injustice.

Let no man fear that creature ever the less, because he sees the apostle safe from his poison.

Hall.

In modern usage, this word is used for never, but very improperly.

And all the question, wrangle e'er so long,

Is only this, if God has placed him wrong.

Pope.

This ought to be, ne'er so long, as the phrase is always used in the Anglo-Saxon, and in our version of the scriptures, that is, so long as never before, to any length of time indefinitely. Ask me never so much dowry. Charmers, charming never so wisely. These are the genuine English phrases. Let them charm so wisely as never before.

6. A word of enforcement or emphasis; thus, as soon as ever he had done it; as like him as ever he can look.

They broke all their bones in pieces or ever they came to the bottom of the den.

Danish vi.

The latter phrase is however anomalous; or ever being equivalent to before, and or may be a mistake for ere.

7. In poetry, and sometimes in prose, ever is contracted into e'er.

Ever in composition signifies always or continually, without intermission, or to eternity.

Everbubbling

EVERBUB'BLING, adjective [ever and bubbling.] Continually boiling or bubbling.

Crashaw.

Everburning

EVERBURN'ING, adjective [ever and burning.] Burning continually or without intermission; never extinct; as an everburning lamp; everburning sulphur.

Milton.

Everduring

EVERDU'RING, adjective [ever and during.] Enduring forever; continuing without end; as everduring glory.

Raleigh.

Evergreen

EV'ERGREEN, adjective [ever and green.] Always green; verdant throughout the year. The pine is an evergreen tree.

Evergreen

EV'ERGREEN, noun A plant that retains its verdure through all the seasons; as a garden furnished with evergreens.

Everhonored

EVERHON'ORED, adjective [ever and honored.] Always honored; ever held in esteem; as an everhonored name.

Pope.

Everlasting

EVERL`ASTING, adjective [ever and lasting.] Lasting or enduring for ever; eternal; existing or continuing without end; immortal.

The everlasting God, or Jehovah. Genesis 21.

Everlasting fire; everlasting punishment. Matthew 18, 25.

2. Perpetual; continuing indefinitely, or during the present state of things.

I will give thee, and thy seed after thee, the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. Genesis 17.

The everlasting hills or mountains. Genesis. Habakkuk.

3. In popular usage, endless; continual; unintermitted; as, the family is disturbed with everlasting disputes.

Everlasting

EVERL`ASTING, noun Eternity; eternal duration, past and future.

From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Psalm 90.

2. A plant, the Gnaphalium; also, the Xeranthemum.

Fam. of Plants.

Everlastingly

EVERL`ASTINGLY, adverb Eternally; perpetually; continually.

Swift.

Everlastingness

EVERL`ASTINGNESS, noun Eternity; endless duration; indefinite duration. [Little used.]

Donne.

Everlasting-Pea

EVERL`ASTING-PEA, noun A plant, the Lathyrus latifolia.

Everliving

EVERLIV'ING, adjective [ever and living.] Living without end; eternal; immortal; having eternal existence; as the everliving God.

2. Continual; incessant; unintermitted.

Evermore

EVERMO'RE, adverb [ever and more.] Always; eternally.

Religion prefers the pleasures which flow from the presence of God for evermore.

Tillotson.

2. Always; at all times; as evermore guided by truth.

Everopen

EVERO'PEN, adjective [ever and open.] Always open; never closed.

Taylor.

Everpleasing

EVERPLE'ASING, adjective [ever and pleasing.] Always pleasing; ever giving delight.

The everpleasing Pamela.

Sidney.

Everse

EVERSE, v. t. evers'. [Latin eversus.] To overthrow or subvert. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Eversion

EVER'SION, noun [Latin eversio.] An overthrowing; destruction.

Taylor.

Eversion of the eye-lids, ectropium, a disease in which the eye-lids are turned outward, so as to expose the red internal tunic.

Good.

Evert

EVERT', verb transitive [Latin everto; e and verto, to turn.]

To overturn; to overthrow; to destroy. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Everwaking

EVERWA'KING, adjective [ever and waking.] Always awake.

Everwatchful

EVERWATCH'FUL, adjective [ever and watchful.] Always watching or vigilant; as everwatchful eyes.

Pope.

Every

EV'ERY, adjective [Old everich. Chaucer. It is formed from ever. The Scots write everich and everilk; the latter is the Saxon oefre and oelc, each. The former may be eac, eaca, addition, or the common termination ich, ig, like.]

Each individual of a whole collection or aggregate number. The word includes the whole number, but each separately stated or considered.

Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Psalm 39.

Everyday

EV'ERYDAY, adjective [every and day.] Used or being every day; common; usual; as everyday wit; an everyday suit of clothes.

Everywhere

EV'ERYWHERE, adverb [See Where, which signifies place.] In every place; in all places.

Everyoung

EVERYOUNG, adjective [ever and young.] Always young or fresh; not subject to old age or decay; undecaying.

Joys everyoung, unmixed with pain or fear.

Pope.

Eves-Drop

E'VES-DROP. [See Eaves-drop, the usual spelling.]

Eves-Dropper

E'VES-DROPPER, noun One who stands under the eaves or at a window or door, to listen privately to what is said in the house. [See Eaves-dropper.]

Evestigate

EVES'TIGATE, verb transitive [Not in use.] [See Investigate.]

Evibrate

EVI'BRATE, [Not in use.] [See Vibrate.]

Evict

EVICT', verb transitive [Latin evinco, evictum; e and vinco, to conquer.]

1. To disposses by a judicial process, or course of legal proceedings; to recover lands or tenements by law.

If either party be evicted for defect of the other's title.

Blackstone.

2. To take away by sentence of law.

King Charles.

3. To evince; to prove. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Evicted

EVICT'ED, participle passive Dispossessed by sentence of law; applied to persons. Recovered by legal process; applied to things.

Evicting

EVICT'ING, participle of the present tense Dispossessing by course of law.

Eviction

EVIC'TION, noun Dispossession by judicial sentence; the recovery of lands or tenements from another's possession, by due course of law.

2. Proof; conclusive evidence.

L'Estrange.

Evidence

EV'IDENCE, noun [French from Latin evidentia, from video, to see. Class Bd.]

1. That which elucidates and enables the mind to see truth; proof arising from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the testimony of others, or from inductions of reason. Our senses furnish evidence of the existence of matter, of solidity, of color, of heat and cold, of a difference in the qualities of bodies, of figure, &c. The declarations of a witness furnish evidence of facts to a court and jury; and reasoning, or the deductions of the mind from facts or arguments, furnish evidence of truth or falsehood.

2. Any instrument or writing which contains proof.

I delivered the evidence of the purchase to Baruch. Jeremiah 32.

I subscribed the evidence and sealed it. Jeremiah 32.

3. A witness; one who testifies to a fact. This sense is improper and inelegant, though common, and found even in Johnson's writings.

Evidence

EV'IDENCE, verb transitive To elucidate; to prove; to make clear to the mind; to show in such a manner that the mind can apprehend the truth, or in a manner to convince it. The testimony of two witnesses is usually sufficient to evidence the guilt of an offender. The works of creation clearly evidence the existence of an infinite first cause.

Evidenced

EV'IDENCED, participle passive Made clear to the mind; proved.

Evidencing

EV'IDENCING, participle of the present tense Proving clearly; manifesting.

Evident

EV'IDENT, adjective Plain; open to be seen; clear to the mental eye; apparent; manifest. The figures and colors of bodies are evident to the senses; their qualities may be made evident. The guilt of an offender cannot always be made evident.

Evidential

EVIDEN'TIAL, adjective Affording evidence; clearly proving.

Scott.

Evidently

EV'IDENTLY, adverb Clearly; obviously; plainly; in a manner to be seen and understood; in a manner to convince the mind; certainly; manifestly. The evil of sin may be evidently proved by its mischievous effects.

Evigilation

EVIGILA'TION, noun [Latin evigilatio.] A waking or watching. [Little used.]

Evil

E'VIL, a. e'vl. [Saxon efel, yfle, or hyfel; Dutch euvel; German Ãƒ-¼bel; Armoric fall, goall. Qu. Welsh gwael, vile; Irish feal. The Irish word is connected with feallaim, to fail, which may be allied to fall. Perhaps this is from a different root. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac to be unjust or injurious, to defraud, Arabic to decline, and to fall on or invade suddenly.]

1. Having bad qualities of a natural kind; mischievous; having qualities which tend to injury, or to produce mischief.

Some evil beast hath devoured him. Genesis 37.

2. Having bad qualities of a moral kind; wicked; corrupt; perverse; wrong; as evil thoughts; evil deeds; evil speaking; an evil generation.

Scripture.

3. Unfortunate; unhappy; producing sorrow, distress, injury or calamity; as evil tidings; evil arrows; evil days.

Scripture.

Evil

E'VIL, noun Evil is natural or moral. Natural evil is any thing which produces pain, distress, loss or calamity, or which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs the happiness, or destroys the perfection of natural beings.

Moral evil is any deviation of a moral agent from the rules of conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legitimate human authority; or it is any violation of the plain principles of justice and rectitude.

There are also evils called civil, which affect injuriously the peace or prosperity of a city or state; and political evils, which injure a nation, in its public capacity.

All wickedness, all crimes, all violations of law and right are moral evils. Diseases are natural evils, but they often proceed from moral evils.

2. Misfortune; mischief; injury.

There shall no evil befall thee. Psalm 91.

A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself. Proverbs 22.

3. Depravity; corruption of heart, or disposition to commit wickedness; malignity.

The heart of the sons of men is full of evil. Ecclesiastes 9.

4. Malady; as the king's evil or scrophula.

Evil

E'VIL, adverb [generally contracted to ill.]

1. Not well; not with justice or propriety; unsuitably.

Evil it beseems thee.

Shak.

2. Not virtuously; not innocently.

3. Not happily; unfortunately.

It went evil with his house.

Deut.

4. Injuriously; not kindly.

The Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us.

Deut.

In composition, evil, denoting something bad or wrong, is often contracted to ill.

Evil-Affected

EVIL-AFFECT'ED, adjective Not well disposed; unkind; now ill-affected.

Evildoer

EVILDOER, noun [evil and doer, from do.] One who does evil; one who commits sin, crime, or any moral wrong.

They speak evil against you as evildoers. 1 Peter 2.

Evileyed

E'VILEYED, adjective [evil and eye.] Looking with an evil eye, or with envy, jealousy or bad design.

Evil-Favored

EVIL-FA'VORED, adjective [evil and favor.] Having a bad countenance or external appearance; ill-favored.

Bacon.

Evil-Favoredness

EVIL-FA'VOREDNESS, noun Deformity.

Deut.

Evilly

E'VILLY, adverb Not well. [Little used.]

Bp. Taylor.

Evil-Minded

EVIL-MINDED, adjective [evil and mind.] Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief or sin; malicious; malignant; wicked. Slanderous reports are propagated by evil-minded persons. [This word is in common use.]

Evilness

E'VILNESS, noun Badness; viciousness; malignity; as evilness of heart; the evilness of sin.

Evilspeaking

EVILSPE'AKING, noun [evil and speak.] Slander; defamation; calumny; censoriousness. 1 Peter 2.

Evilwishing

EVILWISH'ING, adjective [evil and wish.] Wishing harm to; as an evilwishing mind.

Sidney.

Evilworker

EVILWORK'ER, noun [evil and work.] One who does wickedness. Philippians 3.

Evince

EVINCE, v. t. evins'. [Latin evinco, to vanquish, to prove or show; e and vinco, to conquer.]

1. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt; to manifest; to make evident. Nothing evinces the depravity of man more fully than his unwillingness to believe himself depraved.

2. To conquer. [Not in use.]

Evinced

EVIN'CED, participle passive Made evident; proved.

Evincible

EVIN'CIBLE, adjective Capable of proof; demonstrable.

Hale.

Evincibly

EVIN'CIBLY, adverb In a manner to demonstrate, or force conviction.

Evincive

EVIN'CIVE, adjective Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate.

Evirate

E'VIRATE, verb transitive [Latin vir, eviratus.] To emasculate. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Eviscerate

EVIS'CERATE, verb transitive [Latin eviscero; e and viscera, the bowels.]

To embowel or disembowel; to take out the entrails; to search the bowels.

Johnson. Griffith.

Eviscerated

EVIS'CERATED, participle passive Deprived of the bowels.

Eviscerating

EVIS'CERATING, participle of the present tense Disemboweling.

Evitable

EV'ITABLE, adjective [Latin evitabilis. See Evitate.]

That may be shunned; avoidable. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Evitate

EV'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin evito; e and vito, from the root of void, wide.]

To shun; to avoid; to escape. [Little used.]

Shak.

Evitation

EVITA'TION, noun An avoiding; a shuning. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Evite

EVI'TE, verb transitive [Latin evito.] To shun. [Not used.]

Drayton.

Evocate

EV'OCATE, or EVO'KE, verb transitive [Latin evoco; e and voco, to call.] To call forth.

Neptune is a deity who evocates things into progression.

Paus. Trans.

2. To call from one tribunal to another; to remove.

The cause was evoked to Rome.

Hume.

[Evoke is the preferable word.]

Evocation

EVOCA'TION, noun A calling forth; a calling or bringing from concealment.

Brown.

2. A calling from one tribunal to another.

3. Among the Romans, a calling on the gods of a besieged city to forsake it and come over to the besiegers; a religious ceremony of besieging armies.

Encyc.

Evolation

EVOLA'TION, noun [Latin evolo; e and volo, to fly.] The act of flying away.

Bp. Hall.

Evolute

EV'OLUTE, noun An original curve from which another curve is described; the origin of the evolvent.

Ash.

Evolution

EVOLU'TION, noun [Latin evolutio.] The act of unfolding or unrolling.

Boyle.

2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded; as the evolution of ages.

Moore.

3. In geometry, the unfolding or opening of a curve, and making it describe an evolvent. The equable evolution of the periphery of a circle, or other curve, is such a gradual approach of the circumference to rectitude, as that its parts do all concur, and equally evolve or unbend; so that the same line becomes successively a less arc of a reciprocally greater circle, till at last they change into a straight line.

Harris. Encyc.

4. In algebra, evolution is the extraction of roots from powers; the reverse of involution.

Harris. Encyc.

5. In military tactics, the doubling of ranks or files, wheeling, countermarching or other motion by which the disposition of troops is changed, in order to attack or defend with more advantage, or to occupy a different post.

Encyc.

Evolve

EVOLVE, v. t. evolv'. [Latin evolvo; e and volvo, to roll, to wallow.]

1. To unfold; to open and expand.

The animal soul sooner evolves itself to its full orb and extent than the human soul.

Hale.

2. To throw out; to emit.

Prior.

Evolve

EVOLVE, verb intransitive To open itself; to disclose itself.

Prior.

Evolved

EVOLV'ED, participle passive Unfolded; opened; expanded; emitted.

Evolvent

EVOLV'ENT, noun In geometry, a curve formed by the evolution of another curve; the curve described from the evolute.

Ash.

Evolving

EVOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Unfolding; expanding; emitting.

Evomition

EVOMI'TION, noun A vomiting.

Swift.

Evulgation

EVULGA'TION, noun A divulging. [Not in use.]

Evulsion

EVUL'SION, noun [Latin evulsio, from evello; e and vello, to pluck.]

The act of plucking or pulling out by force.

Brown.

Ewe

EWE, n. yu. [Saxon eowa, eowe; Dutch ooi; Irish ai or oi; Spanish oveja. It seems to be the Latin ovis.]

A female sheep; the female of the ovine race of animals.

Ewer

EW'ER, n. yu're. [Saxon huer or hwer.] A kind of pitcher with a wide spout, used to bring water for washing the hands.

Shak. Pope.

Ewry

EW'RY, n. yu'ry. [from ewer.] In England, an office in the king's household, where they take care of the linen for the king's table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in ewers after dinner.

Dict.

Ex

EX. A Latin preposition or prefix, Greek or, signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence in composition, it signifies sometimes out of, as in exhale, exclude; sometimes off, from or out, as in Latin excindo, to cut off or out; sometimes beyond, as in excess, exceed, excel. In some words it is merely emphatical; in others it has little effect on the signification.

Exacerbate

EXACERB'ATE, verb transitive [Latin exacerbo, to irritate; ex and acerbo, from acerbus, severe, bitter, harsh, sour, German herbe. See Harvest.]

1. To irritate; to exasperate; to inflame angry passions; to imbitter; to increase malignant qualities.

2. To increase the violence of a disease.

Med. Repos.

Exacerbation

EXACERBA'TION, noun The act of exasperating; the irritation of angry or malignant passions or qualities; increase of malignity.

2. Among physicians, the increased violence of a disease; hence, a paroxysm, as in the return of an intermitting fever.

This term is more generally restricted to the periodical increase of remittent and continued fevers, where there is no absolute cessation of the fever.

Cyc.

3. Increased severity; as violent exacerbations of punishment. [Unusual.]

Paley.

Exacerbescence

EXACERBES'CENCE, noun [Latin exacerbesco.] Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase of a fever or disease.

Darwin.

Exact

EXACT', a. egzact'. [Latin exactus, from exigo, to drive; ex and ago, Greek, to drive, urge or press.]

1. Closely correct or regular; nice; accurate; conformed to rule; as a man exact in his dealings.

All this, exact to rule, were brought about.

Pope.

2. Precise; not different in the least. This is the exact sum or amount, or the exact time.

We have an exact model for imitation.

3. Methodical; careful; not negligent; correct; observing strict method, rule or order. This man is very exact in keeping his accounts.

4. Punctual. Every man should be exact in paying his debts when due; he should be exact in attendance on appointments.

5. Strict. We should be exact in the performance of duties.

The exactest vigilance cannot maintain a single day of unmingled innocence.

Rambler.

Exact

EXACT', v. t. egzact'. [Latin exigo, exactum; Spanish exigir; Italian esigere; French exiger. See the Adjective.]

1. To force or compel to pay or yield; to demand or require authoritatively; to extort by means of authority or without pity or justice. It is an offense for an officer to exact illegal or unreasonable fees. It is customary for conquerors to exact tribute or contributions from conquered countries.

2. To demand of right. Princes exact obedience of their subjects. The laws of God exact obedience from all men.

3. To demand of necessity; to enforce a yielding or compliance; or to enjoin with pressing urgency.

Duty,

And justice to my father's soul, exact

This cruel piety.

Denham.

Exact

EXACT', verb intransitive To practice extortion.

The enemy shall not exact upon him. Psalm 89.

Exacted

EXACT'ED, participle passive Demanded or required by authority; extorted.

Exacting

EXACT'ING, participle of the present tense Demanding and compelling to pay or yield under color of authority; requiring authoritatively; demanding without pity or justice; extorting; compelling by necessity.

Exaction

EXAC'TION, noun The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield; authoritative demand; a levying or drawing from by force; a driving to compliance; as the exaction of tribute or of obedience.

2. Extortion; a wresting from one unjustly; the taking advantage of one's necessities, to compel him to pay illegal or exorbitant tribute, fees or rewards.

Take away your exactions from my people. Ezekiel 45.

3. That which is exacted; tribute, fees, rewards or contributions demanded or levied with severity or injustice. Kings may be enriched by exactions, but their power is weakened by the consequent disaffection of their subjects.

Exactitude

EXACT'ITUDE, noun Exactness. [Little used.]

Exactly

EXACT'LY, adverb Precisely according to rule or measure; nicely; accurately. A tenon should be exactly fitted to the mortise.

2. Precisely according to fact. The story exactly accords with the fact or event.

3. Precisely according to principle, justice or right.

Exactness

EXACT'NESS, noun Accuracy; nicety; precision; as, to make experiments with exactness.

2. Regularity; careful conformity to law or rules of propriety; as exactness of deportment.

3. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as exactness in accounts or business.

Exactor

EXACT'OR, noun One who exacts; an officer who collects tribute, taxes or customs.

I will make thine officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness. Isaiah 60.

2. An extortioner; one who compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable; one who demands something without pity or regard to justice.

Bacon.

3. He that demands by authority; as an exactor of oaths.

Bacon.

4. One who is unreasonably severe in his injuctions or demands.

Tillotson.

Exactress

EXACT'RESS, noun A female who exacts or is severe in her injuctions.

B. Johnson.

Exacuate

EXAC'UATE, verb transitive [Latin exacuo.] To whet or sharpen. [Not in use.]

B. Johnson.

Exaggerate

EXAG'GERATE, verb transitive [Latin exaggero; ex and aggero, to heap, from agger, a heap.]

1. To heap on; to accumulate. In this literal sense, it is seldom used; perhaps never.

2. To highthen; to enlarge beyond the truth; to amplify; to represent as greater than strict truth will warrant. A friend exaggerates a man's virtues; an enemy exaggerates his vices or faults.

3. In painting, to highthen in coloring or design.

Encyc.

Exaggerated

EXAG'GERATED, participle passive Enlarged beyond the truth.

Exaggerating

EXAG'GERATING, participle of the present tense Enlarging or amplifying beyond the truth.

Exaggeration

EXAGGERA'TION, noun A heaping together; heap; accumulation. [Little used.]

Hale.

2. In rhetoric, amplification; a representation of things beyond the truth; hyperbolical representation, whether of good or evil.

3. In painting, a method of giving a representation of things too strong for the life.

Exaggeratory

EXAG'GERATORY, adjective Containing exaggeration.

Exagitate

EXAG'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin exagito.] To shake; to agitate; to reproach. [Little used or obs.]

Arbuthnot.

Exalt

EXALT', v. t. egzolt'. [French exalter; Spanish exaltar; Italian esaltare; Low Latin exalto, ex and altus, high.]

1. To raise high; to elevate.

2. To elevate in power, wealth, rank or dignity; as, to exalt one to a throne, to the chief magistracy, to a bishopric.

3. To elevate with joy or confidence: as to be exalted with success or victory. [We now use elate.]

4. To raise with pride; to make undue pretensions to power, rank or estimation; to elevate too high or above others.

He that exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke 14. Matthew 23.

5. To elevate in estimation and praise; to magnify; to praise; to extol.

He is my father's God, and I will exalt him. Exodus 15.

6. To raise, as the voice; to raise in opposition. 2 Kings 19.

7. To elevate in diction or sentiment; to make sublime; as exalted strains.

8. In physics, to elevate; to purify; to subtilize; to refine; as, to exalt the juices or the qualities of bodies.

Exaltation

EXALTA'TION, noun The act of raising high.

2. Elevation to power, office, rank, dignity or excellence.

3. Elevated state; state of greatness or dignity.

I wondered at my flight, and change To this high exaltation.

Milton.

4. In pharmacy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their qualities and virtues, or the increase of their strength.

5. In astrology, the dignity of a planet in which its powers are increased.

Johnson.

Exalted

EXALT'ED, participle passive Raised to a lofty highth; elevated; honored with office or rank; extolled; magnified; refined; dignified; sublime.

Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a strict scrutiny.

Ames.

Exaltedness

EXALT'EDNESS, noun The state of being elevated.

2. Conceited dignity or greatness.

Exalter

EXALT'ER, noun One who exalts or raises to dignity.

Exalting

EXALT'ING, participle of the present tense Elevating; raising to an eminent station; praising; extolling; magnifying; refining.

Examen

EXA'MEN, n. egza'men. [Latin examen, the tongue, needle or beam of a balance. It signifies also a swarm of bees. Spanish enxambre, a swarm of bees, a crowd; Portugese enxame; Italian sciamo; French essaim. From its use in a balance, it came to signify examination.]

Examination; disquisition; enquiry. [Little used.]

Brown.

Examinable

EXAM'INABLE, adjective [See Examine.] That may be examined; proper for judicial examination or inquiry.

S. Court, U. States.

Examinant

EXAM'INANT, noun One who is to be examined. [Not legitimate.]

Prideaux.

Examinate

EXAM'INATE, noun The person examined.

Bacon.

Examination

EXAMINA'TION, noun [Latin examinatio. See Examen.]

1. The act of examining; a careful search or inquiry, with a view to discover truth or the real state of things; careful and accurate inspection of a thing and its parts; as an examination of a house or a ship.

2. Mental inquiry; disquisition; careful consideration of the circumstances or facts which relate to a subject or question; a view of qualities and relations, and an estimate of their nature and importance.

3. Trial by a rule or law.

4. In judicial proceedings, a careful inquiry into facts by testimony; an attempt to ascertain truth by inquiries and interrogatories; as the examination of a witness or the merits of a cause.

5. In seminaries of learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of the students, by questioning them in literature and the sciences, and by hearing their recitals.

6. In chemistry and other sciences, a searching for the nature and qualities of substances, by experiments; the practice or application of the docimastic art.

Examinator

EXAM'INATOR, noun An examiner. [Not used.]

Brown.

Examine

EXAM'INE, v. t. egzam'in. [Latin examino, from examen.]

1. To inspect carefully, with a view to discover truth or the real state of a thing; as, to examine a ship to know whether she is sea-worthy, or a house to know whether repairs are wanted.

2. To search or inquire into facts and circumstances by interrogating; as, to examine a witness.

3. To look into the state of a subject; to view in all its aspects; to weigh arguments and compare facts, with a view to form a correct opinion or judgment. Let us examine this proposition; let us examine this subject in all its relations and bearings; let us examine into the state of this question.

4. To inquire into the improvements or qualifications of students, by interrogatories, proposing problems, or by hearing their recitals; as, to examine the classes in college; to examine the candidates for a degree, or for a license to preach or to practice in a profession.

5. To try or assay by experiments; as, to examine minerals.

6. To try by a rule or law.

Examine yourselves whether ye are in the faith. 2 Corinthians 13.

7. In general, to search; to scrutinize; to explore, with a view to discover truth; as, to examine ourselves; to examine the extent of human knowledge.

Examined

EXAM'INED, participle passive Inquired into; searched; inspected; interrogated; tried by experiment.

Examiner

EXAM'INER, noun One who examines, tries or inspects; one who interrogates a witness or an offender.

2. In chancery, in Great Britain, the Examiners are two officers of that court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses for the parties.

Encyc.

Examining

EXAM'INING, participle of the present tense Inspecting carefully; searching or inquiring into; interrogating; trying or assaying by experiment.

Examplary

EX'AMPLARY, adjective [from example.] Serving for example or pattern; proposed for imitation. [It is now written exemplary.]

Hooker.

Example

EXAM'PLE, n. egzam'pl. [Latin exemplum; French exemple; Italian esempio; Spanish exemplo. Qu. from ex and the root of similis, Greek.]

1. A pattern; a copy; a model; that which is proposed to be imitated. This word, when applied to material things, is now generally written sample, as a sample of cloth; but example is sometimes used.

Raleigh.

2. A pattern, in morals or manners; a copy, or model; that which is proposed or is proper to be imitated.

I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done to you. John 13.

Example is our preceptor before we can reason.

Kollock.

3. Precedent; a former instance. Buonaparte furnished many examples of successful bravery.

4. Precedent or former instance, in a bad sense, intended for caution.

Lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Hebrews 4.

Sodom and GomorrahÃ‚-- are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude 7.

5. A person fit to be proposed for a pattern; one whose conduct is worthy of imitation.

Be thou an example of the believers. 1 Timothy 4.

6. Precedent which disposes to imitation. Example has more effect than precept.

7. Instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept; or a particular case or proposition illustrating a general rule, position or truth. The principles of trigonometry and the rules of grammar are illustrated by examples.

8. In logic, or rhetoric, the conclusion of one, singular point from another; an induction of what may happen from what has happened. If civil war has produced calamities of a particular kind in one instance, it is inferred that it will produce like consequences in other cases. This is an example.

Bailey. Encyc.

Example

EXAM'PLE, verb transitive To exemplify; to set an example. [Not used.]

Shak.

Exampleless

EXAM'PLELESS, adjective Having no example. [Not used.]

B. Johnson.

Exampler

EXAM'PLER, noun A pattern; now sample or sampler.

Exanguious

EXAN'GUIOUS, adjective Having no blood. [Not used. See Exsanguious.]

Exanimate

EXAN'IMATE, a. egzan'imate. [Latin exanimatus, exanimo, ex and anima, life.]

Lifeless; spiritless; disheartened; depressed in spirits.

Thomson.

Exanimate

EXAN'IMATE, verb transitive To dishearten; to discourage.

Coles.

Exanimation

EXANIMA'TION, noun Deprivation of life or of spirits. [Little used.]

Exanimous

EXAN'IMOUS, adjective [Latin exanimis; ex and anima, life.] Lifeless; dead. [Little used.]

Exanthema

EXAN'THEMA, noun plu. exanthem'ata. [Greek from, to blossom; and, a flower.]

Among physicians, eruption; a breaking out; pustules, petechiae, or vibices; any efflorescence on the skin, as in measles, small pox, scarlatina, &c.

This term is now limited by systematic nosologists, to such eruptions as are accompanied with fever.

Good.

Exanthematic

EXANTHEMAT'IC, or EXANTHEM'ATOUS, adjective Eruptive; efflorescent; noting morbid redness of the skin. The measles is an exanthematous disease. Tooke uses exanthematic.

Exantlate

EXANT'LATE, verb transitive [Latin exantlo.] To draw out; to exhaust. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Exantlation

EXANTLA'TION, noun The act of drawing out; exhaustion. [Not used.]

Brown.

Exaration

EXARA'TION, noun [Latin exaro; ex and aro.] The act of writing. [Not used.]

Dict.

Exarch

EX'ARCH, noun [Greek from, a chief.] A prefect or governor under the eastern emperors. Also, a deputy or legate in the Greek church.

Exarchate

EX'ARCHATE, noun The office, dignity or administration of an exarch.

Taylor.

Exarticulation

EXARTICULA'TION, noun [ex and articulation.] Luxation; the dislocation of a joint.

Quincy.

Exasperate

EX`ASPERATE, verb transitive [Latin exaspero, to irritate; ex and aspero, from asper, rough, harsh.]

1. To anger; to irritate to a high degree; to provoke to rage; to enrage; to excite anger, or to inflame it to an extreme degree. We say, to exasperate the passion of anger or resentment.

2. To aggravate; to embitter; as, to exasperate enmity.

3. To augment violence; to increase malignity; to exacerbate; as, to exasperate pain or a part inflamed.

Bacon.

Exasperate

EX`ASPERATE, adjective Provoked; embittered; inflamed.

Shak.

Exasperated

EX`ASPERATED, participle passive Highly angered or irritated; provoked; enraged; embittered; increased in violence.

Exasperater

EX`ASPERATER, noun One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity or violence.

Exasperating

EX`ASPERATING, participle of the present tense Exciting keen resentment; inflaming anger; irritating; increasing violence.

Exasperation

EXASPERA'TION, noun Irritation; the act of exciting violent anger; provocation.

2. Extreme degree of anger; violent passion.

3. Increase of violence or malignity; exacerbation.

Exauctorate

EXAUC'TORATE, or EXAU'THORATE, verb transitive [Latin exauctoro; ex and auctoro, to hire or bind, from auctor, author.]

To dismiss from service; to deprive of a benefice.

Ayliffe.

Exauctoration

EXAUCTORA'TION, or EXAUTHORA'TION, noun Dismission from service; deprivation; degradation; the removal of a person from an office or dignity in the church.

Ayliffe.

Exauthorize

EXAU'THORIZE, verb transitive To deprive of authority.

Selden.

Excalceated

EXCAL'CEATED, adjective [Latin excalceo, to pull off the shoes; ex and calceus, a shoe.] Deprived of shoes; unshod; barefooted.

Excandescence

EXCANDES'CENCE, noun [Latin excandescentia, excandesco; ex and candesco, candeo, to glow or be hot, from caneo, to be white, to shine.]

1. A growing hot; or a white heat; glowing heat.

2. Heat of passion; violent anger; or a growing angry.

Excandescent

EXCANDES'CENT, adjective White with heat.

Excantation

EXCANTA'TION, noun [Latin excanto, but with an opposite signification.]

Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Excarnate

EXC`ARNATE, verb transitive [Latin ex and caro, flesh.]

To deprive or clear of flesh.

Grew.

Excarnification

EXCARNIFICA'TION, noun [Latin excarnifico, to cut in pieces, from caro, flesh.]

The act of cutting off flesh, or of depriving of flesh.

Johnson.

Excavate

EX'CAVATE, verb transitive [Latin excavo; ex and cavo, to hollow, cavus, hollow. See Cave.]

To hollow; to cut, scoop, dig or wear out the inner part of any thing and make it hollow; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth; to excavate the trunk of a tree and form a canoe.

Excavated

EX'CAVATED, participle passive Hollowed; made hollow.

Excavating

EX'CAVATING, participle of the present tense Making hollow.

Excavation

EXCAVA'TION, noun The act of making hollow, by cutting, wearing or scooping out the interior substance or part of a thing.

2. A hollow or a cavity formed by removing the interior substance. Many animals burrow in excavations of their own forming.

Excavator

EX'CAVATOR, noun One who excavates.

Excecate

EX'CECATE, verb transitive [Latin excoeco.] To make blind. [Not used.]

Excecation

EXCECA'TION, noun The act of making blind.

Richardson.

Excedent

EXCE'DENT, noun Excess. [Not authorized.]

Exceed

EXCEE'D, verb transitive [Latin excedo; ex and cedo, to pass.]

1. To pass or go beyond; to proceed beyond any given or supposed limit, measure or quantity, or beyond any thing else; used equally in a physical or moral sense. One piece of cloth exceeds the customary length or breadth; one man exceeds another in bulk, stature or weight; one offender exceeds another in villainy.

2. To surpass; to excel. Homer exceeded all men in epic poetry. Demosthenes and Cicero exceeded their cotemporaries in oratory.

King Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches and for wisdom. 1 Kings 10.

Exceed

EXCEE'D, verb intransitive To go too far; to pass the proper bounds; to go over any given limit, number or measure.

Forty stripes may he give him, and not exceed. Deuteronomy 25.

2. To bear the greater proportion; to be more or larger.

Dryden.

[This verb is intransitive only by ellipsis.]

Exceedable

EXCEE'DABLE, adjective That may surmount or exceed. [III.]

Sherwood.

Exceeded

EXCEE'DED, participle passive Excelled; surpassed; outdone.

Exceeder

EXCEE'DER, noun One who exceeds or passes the bounds of fitness.

Mountagu.

Exceeding

EXCEE'DING, participle of the present tense Going beyond; surpassing; excelling; outdoing.

2. adjective Great in extent, quantity or duration; very extensive.

Cities were built an exceeding space of time before the flood. [This sense is unusual.]

Raleigh.

3. adverb In a very great degree; unusually; as exceeding rich.

The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea.

Raleigh.

I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Genesis 15.

Exceeding

EXCEE'DING, noun Excess; superfluity.

Smollett.

Exceedingly

EXCEE'DINGLY, adverb To a very great degree; in a degree beyond what is usual; greatly; very much.

Isaac trembled exceedingly. Genesis 27.

Exceedingness

EXCEE'DINGNESS, noun Greatness in quantity, extent or duration. [Not used.]

Excel

EXCEL', verb transitive [Latin excello, the root of which, cello, is not in use. In Arabic signifies to lift, raise, excel; also, to speak, to strike, to beat. So we use beat in the sense of surpass. See Class Gl. No. 31. and 49.]

1. To go beyond; to exceed; to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo.

Excelling others, these were great;

Thou greater still, must these excel.

Prior.

Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. Proverbs 31.

2. To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds.

3. To exceed; to surpass.

Excel

EXCEL', verb intransitive To have good qualities, or to perform meritorious actions, in an unusual degree; to be eminent, illustrious or distinguished.

Bless the Lord, ye his angels, that excel in strength. Psalm 103.

We say, to excel in mathematics; to excel in painting; to excel in heroic achievements.

Excelled

EXCEL'LED, participle passive Surpassed; outdone; exceeded in good qualities or laudable achievements.

Excellence

EX'CELLENCE, or EX'CELLENCY, noun [French from Latin excellentia.] The state of possessing good qualities in an unusual or eminent degree; the state of excelling in any thing.

2. Any valuable quality; any thing highly laudable, meritorious or virtuous, in persons, or valuable and esteemed, in things. Purity of heart, uprightness of mind, sincerity, virtue, piety, are excellencies of character; symmetry of parts, strength and beauty are excellencies of body; an accurate knowledge of an art is an excellence in the artisan; soundness and durability are excellencies in timber; fertility, in land; elegance, in writing. In short, whatever contributes to exalt man, or to render him esteemed and happy, or to bless society, is in him an excellence.

3. Dignity; high rank in the scale of beings. Angels are beings of more excellence than men; men are beings of more excellence than brutes.

4. A title of honor formerly given to kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, governors, and other persons, below the rank of kings, but elevated above the common classes of men.

Excellent

EX'CELLENT, adjective Being of great virtue or worth; eminent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable or laudable; as an excellent man or citizen; an excellent judge or magistrate.

2. Being of great value or use, applied to things; remarkable for good properties; as excellent farm; an excellent horse; excellent fruit.

3. Distinguished for superior attainments; as an excellent artist.

4. Consummate; complete; in an ill sense.

Elizabeth was an excellent hypocrite.

Hume.

Excellently

EX'CELLENTLY, adverb In an excellent manner; well in a high degree; in an eminent degree; in a manner to please or command esteem, or to be useful.

Except

EXCEPT', verb transitive [French excepter; Italian eccettare; from Latin excipio; ex and capio, to take. See Caption, Capture.]

1. To take or leave out of any number specified; to exclude; as, of the thirty persons present and concerned in a riot, we must except two.

2. To take or leave out any particular or particulars, from a general description.

When he saith, all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted who did put all things under him. 1 Corinthians 15.

Except

EXCEPT', verb intransitive To object; to make an objection or objections; usually followed by to; sometimes by against. I except to a witness, or to his testimony, on account of his interest or partiality.

Except

EXCEPT', participle passive contracted from excepted. Taken out; not included. All were involved in this affair, except one; that is,

one excepted, the case absolute or independent clause. Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish; that is, except this fact, that ye repent, or this fact being excepted, removed, taken away, ye shall all likewise perish. Or except may be considered as the imperative mode. Except, thou or ye, this fact, ye shall all likewise perish. Hence except is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes exclusion.

Excepted

EXCEPT'ED, participle passive [See Except.]

Excepting

EXCEPT'ING, participle of the present tense Taking or leaving out; excluding.

2. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting three. This is an anomalous use of the word, unless, in some cases, it may be referred to a pronoun. Excepted would be better: three excepted; three being excepted.

Exception

EXCEP'TION, noun The act of excepting, or excluding from a number designated, or from a description; exclusion. All the representatives voted for the bill, with the exception of five. All the land is in tillage, with an exception of two acres.

2. Exclusion from what is comprehended in a general rule or proposition.

3. That which is excepted, excluded, or separated from others in a general description; the person or thing specified as distinct or not included. Almost every general rule has its exceptions.

4. An objection; that which is or may be offered in opposition to a rule, proposition, statement or allegation; with to; sometimes with against. He made some exceptions to the argument.

5. Objection with dislike; offense; slight anger or resentment; with at, to or against, and commonly used with take; as, to take exception at a severe remark; to take exception to what was said.

Roderigo, thou hast taken against me an exception.

Shak.

But it is more generally followed by at.

6. In law, the denial of what is alledged and considered as valid by the other party, either in point of law or in pleading; or an allegation against the sufficiency of an answer. In law, it is a stop or stay to an action, and it is either dilatory or peremptory.

Blackstone.

7. A saving clause in a writing.

Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to evidence, filed by the party, and which the judge must sign or seal.

Exceptionable

EXCEP'TIONABLE, adjective Liable to objection.

This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable in the whole poem.

Addison.

Exceptious

EXCEP'TIOUS, adjective Peevish; disposed or apt to cavil, or take exceptions. [Little used.]

South.

Exceptiousness

EXCEP'TIOUSNESS, noun Disposition to cavil.

Barrow.

Exceptive

EXCEPT'IVE, adjective Including an exception; as an exceptive preposition.

Watts.

2. Making or being an exception.

Milton.

Exceptless

EXCEPT'LESS, adjective Omitting all exception. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Exceptor

EXCEPT'OR, noun One who objects, or makes exceptions.

Burnet.

Excern

EXCERN', verb transitive [Latin excerno; ex and cerno, Greek, to separate.]

To separate and emit through the pores, or through small passages of the body; to strain out; to excrete; as, fluids are excerned in perspiration.

Bacon.

Excerned

EXCERN'ED, participle passive Separated; excreted; emitted through the capillary vessels of the body.

Excerning

EXCERN'ING, participle of the present tense Emitting through the small passages; excreting.

Excerp

EXCERP', verb transitive [Latin excerpo.] To pick out. [Little used.]

Hales.

Excerpt

EXCERPT', verb transitive [Latin excerpo; ex and carpo, to take.] To select. [Not used.]

Barnard.

Excerption

EXCERP'TION, noun [Latin excerptio.] A picking out; a gleaning; selection. [Little used.]

2. That which is selected or gleaned. [Little used.]

Raleigh.

Excerptor

EXCERP'TOR, noun A picker; a culler.

Barnard.

Excerpts

EXCERPTS', noun Extracts from authors. [A bad word.]

Excess

EXCESS', noun [Latin excessus, from excedo. See Exceed.]

1. Literally, that which exceeds any measure or limit, or which exceeds something else, or a going beyond a just line or point. Hence, superfluity; that which is beyond necessity or wants; as an excess of provisions; excess of light.

2. That which is beyond the common measure, proportion, or due quantity; as the excess of a limb; the excess of bile in the system.

3. Superabundance of any thing.

Newton.

4. Any transgression of due limits.

Atterbury.

5. In morals, any indulgence of appetite, passion or exertion, beyond the rules of God's word, or beyond any rule of propriety; intemperance in gratifications; as excess in eating or drinking; excess of joy; excess of grief; excess of love, or of anger; excess of labor.

6. In arithmetic and geometry, the difference between any two unequal numbers or quantities; that which remains when the lesser number or quantity is taken from the greater.

Excessive

EXCESS'IVE, adjective Beyond any given degree, measure or limit, or beyond the common measure or proportion; as the excessive bulk of a man; excessive labor; excessive wages.

2. Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, expedience or utility; as excessive indulgence of any kind.

Excessive bail shall not be required.

Bill of Rights.

3. Extravagant; unreasonable. His expenditures of money were excessive.

4. Vehement; violent; as excessive passion.

Excessively

EXCESS'IVELY, adverb In an extreme degree; beyond measure; exceedingly; as excessively impatient; excessively grieved.

2. Vehemently; violently; as, the wind blew excessively.

Excessiveness

EXCESS'IVENESS, noun The state or quality of being excessive; excess.

Exchange

EXCHANGE, verb transitive [French echanger; Armoric eceinch; from changer, ceinch, to change.]

1. In commerce, to give one thing or commodity for another; to alienate or transfer the property of a thing and receive in compensation for it something of supposed equal value; to barter; and in vulgar language, to swap; to truck. It differs from sell, only in the kind of compensation. To sell is to alienate for money; to exchange is to alienate one commodity for another; as, to exchange horses; to exchange oxen for corn.

2. To lay aside, quit or resign one thing, state or condition, and take another in the place of it; as, to exchange a crown for a cowl; to exchange a throne for a cell or a hermitage; to exchange a life of ease for a life of toil.

3. To give and receive reciprocally; to give and receive in compensation the same thing.

Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.

Shak.

4. To give and receive the like thing; as, to exchange thoughts; to exchange work; to exchange blows; to exchange prisoners.

It has with before the person receiving the thing given, and for before the equivalent.

Will you exchange horses with me? Will you exchange your horse for mine?

Exchange

EXCHANGE, noun In commerce, the act of giving one thing or commodity for another; barter; traffick by permutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be equivalent to the thing given.

Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses. Genesis 47.

2. The act of giving up or resigning one thing or state for another, without contract.

3. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as an exchange of thoughts; an exchange of civilities.

4. The contract by which one commodity is transferred to another for an equivalent commodity.

5. The thing given in return for something received; or the thing received in return for what is given.

There's my exchange.

Shak.

In ordinary business, this is called change.

6. The form of exchanging one debt or credit for another; or the receiving or paying of money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order, draft or bill of exchange. A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B.

Bills of exchange, drawn on persons in a foreign country, are called foreign bills of exchange; the like bills, drawn on persons in different parts or cities of the same country, are called inland bills of exchange.

A bill of exchange is a mercantile contract in which four persons are primarily concerned.

7. In mercantile language, a bill drawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill of exchange.

8. The course of exchange, is the current price between two places, which is above or below par, or at par. Exchange is at par, when a bill in New York for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for one hundred pounds. If it can be purchased for less, exchange is under par. If the purchaser is obliged to give more, exchange is above par.

9. In law, a mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple.

Blackstone.

10. The place where the merchants, brokers and bankers of a city meet to transact business, at certain hours; often contracted into change.

Exchangeability

EXCHANGEABIL'ITY, noun The quality or state of being exchangeable.

Though the law ought not to be contravened by an express article admitting the exchangeability of such persons.

Washington.

Exchangeable

EXCHANGEABLE, adjective That may be exchanged; capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.

The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the powers of Gen. Howe.

Marshall.

Bank bills exchangeable for gold or silver.

Ramsay.

Exchanged

EXCHANGED, participle passive Given or received for something else; bartered.

Exchanger

EXCHANGER, noun One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matthew 25.

Exchanging

EXCHANGING, participle of the present tense Giving and receiving one commodity for another; giving and receiving mutually; laying aside or relinquishing one thing or state for another.

Exchequer

EXCHEQ'UER, n. exchek'er. [French echiquier, checker-work, a chess-board. See Chess and Checker.]

In England, an ancient court of record, intended principally to collect and superintend the king's debts and duties or revenues, and so called from scaccharium, or from the same root, denoting a checkered cloth, which covers the table. It consists of two divisions: the receipt of the exchequer, which manages the royal revenue; and the judicial part, which is divided into a court of law and a court of equity. The court of equity is held in the exchequer chamber, before the lord treasurer, the chancellor of the exchequer, the chief baron and three inferior barons. The common law court is held before the barons, without the treasurer or chancellor.

Blackstone.

Exchequer-bills, in England, bills for money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer; a species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the government and bearing interest.

Exchequer

EXCHEQ'UER, verb transitive To institute a process against a person in the court of exchequer.

Pegge.

Excisable

EXCI'SABLE, a. s as z. Liable or subject to excise; as, coffee is an excisable commodity.

Excise

EXCI'SE, n. s z. [Latin excisum, cut off, from excido; Dutch accys; German accise.]

An inland duty or impost, laid on commodities consumed, or on the retail, which is the last stage before consumption; as an excise on coffee, soap, candles, which a person consumes in his family. But many articles are excised at the manufactories, as spirit at the distillery, printed silks and linens at the printer's, &c.

Encyc.

Excise

EXCI'SE, v. t. s as z. To lay or impose a duty on articles consumed, or in the hands of merchants, manufacturers and retailers; to levy an excise on.

Excised

EXCI'SED, participle passive Charged with the duty of excise.

Exciseman

EXCI'SEMAN, noun An officer who inspects commodities and rates the excise duty on them.

Johnson.

Excising

EXCI'SING, participle of the present tense Imposing the duty of excise.

Excision

EXCIS'ION, n. s as z. [Latin excisio.] In surgery, a cutting out or cutting off any part of the body; extirpation; amputation.

2. The cutting off of a person from his people; extirpation; destruction.

The rabbins reckon three kinds of excision.

Encyc.

Excitability

EXCITABIL'ITY, noun [from excite.] The quality of being capable of excitement; susceptibility of increased vital action by the force of stimulants.

Brown.

Excitable

EXCI'TABLE, adjective Having the quality of being susceptible of excitement; capable of increased action by the force of stimulants.

2. Capable of being excited, or roused into action.

Excitant

EXCI'TANT, noun That which produces or may produce increased action in a living body; a stimulant.

Excitate

EX'CITATE, verb transitive To excite. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Excitation

EXCITA'TION, noun The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing or awakening.

Bacon. Watts.

Excitative

EXCI'TATIVE, adjective Having power to excite.

Barrow.

Excitatory

EXCI'TATORY, adjective Tending to excite; containing excitement.

Miller.

Excite

EXCI'TE, verb transitive [Latin excito; ex and cito, to cite, to call or provoke.]

1. To rouse; to call into action; to animate; to stir up; to cause to act that which is dormant, stupid or inactive; as, to excite the spirits or courage.

2. To stimulate; to give new or increased action to; as, to excite the human system; to excite the bowels.

3. To raise; to create; to put in motion; as, to excite a mutiny or insurrection.

4. To rouse; to inflame; as, to excite the passions.

Excited

EXCI'TED, participle passive Roused; awakened; animated; put in motion; stimulated; inflamed.

Excitement

EXCI'TEMENT, noun The act of exciting; stimulation.

2. The state of being roused into action, or of having increased action. Stimulants are intended to produce excitement in the animal system.

3. Agitation; a state of being roused into action; as an excitement of the people.

4. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces action; a motive.

Shak.

Exciter

EXCI'TER, noun He or that which excites; he that puts in motion, or the cause which awakens and moves.

2. In medicine, a stimulant.

Exciting

EXCI'TING, participle of the present tense Calling or rousing into action; stimulating.

Exciting causes, in medicine, are those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisponent causes.

Parr.

Exciting

EXCI'TING, noun Excitation.

Herbert.

Exclaim

EXCLA'IM, verb intransitive [Latin exclamo; ex and clamo, to cry out. See Claim, Clamor.]

1. To utter the voice with vehemence; to cry out; to make a loud outcry in words; as, to exclaim against oppression; to exclaim with wonder or astonishment; to exclaim with joy.

2. To declare with loud vociferation.

Ã‚--That thus you do exclaim you'll go with him.

Shak.

Exclaimer

EXCLA'IMER, noun One who cries out with vehemence; one who speaks with heat, passion or much noise; as an exclaimer against tyranny.

Atterbury.

Exclaming

EXCLA'MING, participle of the present tense Crying out; vociferating; speaking with heat or passion.

Exclamation

EXCLAMA'TION, noun Outcry; noisy talk; clamor; as exclamations against abuses in government.

2. Vehement vociferation.

Thus will I drown your exclamations.

Shak.

3. Emphatical utterance; a vehement extension or elevation of voice; ecphonesis; as, O dismal night!

4. A note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is marked: thus!

5. In grammar, a word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing some passion, as wonder, fear or grief.

Exclamatory

EXCLAM'ATORY, adjective Using exclamation; as an exclamatory speaker.

2. Containing or expressing exclamation; as an exclamatory phrase.

Exclude

EXCLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin excludo; ex and claudo, to shut, Greek,.] Properly, to thrust out or eject; but used as synonymous with preclude.

1. To thrust out; to eject; as, to exclude young animals from the womb or from eggs.

2. To binder from entering or admission; to shut out; as, one body excludes another from occupying the same space. The church ought to exclude immoral men from the communion.

3. To debar; to hinder from participation or enjoyment. European nations, in time of peace, exclude our merchants from the commerce of their colonies. In some of the states, no man who pays taxes is excluded from the privilege of voting for representatives.

4. To except; not to comprehend or include in a privilege, grant, proposition, argument, description, order, species, genus, &c. in a general sense.

Excluded

EXCLU'DED, participle passive Thrust out; shut out; hindered or prohibited from entrance or admission; debarred; not included or comprehended.

Excluding

EXCLU'DING, participle of the present tense Ejecting; hindering from entering; debarring; not comprehending.

Exclusion

EXCLU'SION, n. s as z. The act of excluding, or of thrusting out; ejection: as the exclusion of a fetus.

2. The act of denying entrance or admission; a shutting out.

3. The act of debarring from participation in a privilege, benefit, use or enjoyment.

Burnet.

4. Rejection; non-reception or admission, in a general sense.

Addison.

5. Exception.

Bacon.

6. Ejection; that which is emitted or thrown out.

Brown.

Exclusionist

EXCLU'SIONIST, noun One who would preclude another from some privilege.

Fox.

Exclusive

EXCLU'SIVE, adjective Having the power of preventing entrance; as exclusive bars.

Milton.

2. Debarring from participation; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others; as an exclusive privilege.

3. Not taking into the account; not including or comprehending; as, the general had five thousand troops, exclusive of artillery and cavalry. He sent me all the numbers from 78 to 94 exclusive; that is, all the numbers between 78 and 94, but these numbers, the first and last, are excepted or not included.

Exclusively

EXCLU'SIVELY, adverb Without admission of others to participation; with the exclusion of all others; as, to enjoy a privilege exclusively.

2. Without comprehension in an account or number; not inclusively.

Exclusory

EXCLU'SORY, adjective Exclusive; excluding; able to exclude. [Little used.]

Walsh.

Excoct

EXCOCT', verb transitive [Latin excoctus.] To boil. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Excogitate

EXCOG'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin excogito; ex and cogito, to think.]

To invent; to strike out by thinking; to contrive.

More. Hale.

Excogitation

EXCOGITA'TION, noun Invention; contrivance; the act of devising in the thoughts.

Ex-Commissary

EX-COM'MISSARY, noun [ex and commissary.] A commissary dismissed from office; one formerly a commissary.

Excommune

EXCOMMU'NE, verb transitive To exclude. [Not used.]

Gayton.

Excommunicable

EXCOMMU'NICABLE, adjective [See Excommunicate.] Liable or deserving to be excommunicated.

Hooker.

Excommunicate

EXCOMMU'NICATE, verb transitive [Latin ex and communico.]

To expel from communion; to eject from the communion of the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence, and deprive of spiritual advantages; as, to excommunicate notorious offenders.

Excommunicated

EXCOMMU'NICATED, participle passive Expelled or separated from communion with a church, and a participation of its ordinances, rights and privileges.

Excommunicating

EXCOMMU'NICATING, participle of the present tense Expelling from the communion of a church, and depriving of spiritual advantages, by an ecclesiastical sentence or decree.

Excommunication

EXCOMMUNICA'TION, noun The act of ejecting from a church; expulsion from the communion of a church, and deprivation of its rights, privileges and advantages; an ecclesiastical penalty or punishment inflicted on offenders. Excommunication is an ecclesiastical interdict, of two kinds, the lesser and the greater; the lesser excommunication is a separation or suspension of the offender from partaking of the eucharist; the greater, is an absolute separation and exclusion of the offender from the church and all its rites and advantages.

Encyc.

Excoriate

EXCO'RIATE, verb transitive [Low Latin excorio; ex and corium, skin, hide.]

To flay; to strip or wear off the skin; to abrade; to gall; to break and remove the cuticle in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances.

Excoriated

EXCO'RIATED, participle passive Flayed; galled; stripped of skin or the cuticle; abraded.

Excoriating

EXCO'RIATING, participle of the present tense Flaying; galling; stripping of the cuticle.

Excoriation

EXCORIA'TION, noun The act of flying, or the operation of wearing off the skin or cuticle; a galling; abrasion; the state of being galled or stripped of skin.

2. Plunder; the act of stripping of possessions. [Little used.]

Howell.

Excortication

EXCORTICA'TION, noun [Latin ex and cortex, bark.] The act of stripping off bark.

Coxe.

Excreable

EX'CREABLE, adjective That may be discharged by spitting. [Little used.]

Excreate

EX'CREATE, verb transitive [Latin excreo, exscreo, to hawk and spit.]

To hawk and spit; to discharge from the throat by hawking and spitting.

Excreation

EXCREA'TION, noun A spitting out.

Excrement

EXCREMENT, noun [Latin excrementum, from excerno, excretus; ex and cerno, to separate, Greek.]

Matter excreted and ejected; that which is discharged from the animal body after digestion; alvine discharges.

Excremental

EXCREMENT'AL, adjective Excreted or ejected by the natural passages of the body.

Excrementitial

EXCREMENTI'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to or consisting in excrement.

Fourcroy.

Excrementitious

EXCREMENTI'TIOUS, adjective Pertaining to excrement; containing excrement; consisting in matter evacuated or proper to be evacuated from the animal body.

Bacon. Harvey.

Excrescence

EXCRES'CENCE, noun [Latin excrescens, from excresco; ex and cresco, to grow.]

In surgery, a preternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body, as a wart or a tubercle; a superfluous part.

Encyc.

2. Any preternatural enlargement of a plant, like a wart or tumor; or something growing out from a plant.

Bentley.

3. A preternatural production.

Tatler.

Excrescent

EXCRES'CENT, adjective Growing out of something else, in a preternatural manner; superfluous; as a wart or tumor.

Expunge the whole or lop the excrescent parts.

Pope.

Excrete

EXCRE'TE, verb transitive [Latin excretus, infra.] To separate and throw off; to discharge; as, to excrete urine.

Excretion

EXCRE'TION, noun [Latin excretio, from excerno, to separate.]

1. A separation of some fluid from the blood, by means of the glands; a throwing off or discharge of animal fluids from the body.

2. That which is excreted; fluids separated from the body by the glands and called excrement.

Bacon. Quincy.

The term excretion is more usually applied to those secretions which are directly discharged from the body. It is also applied to the discharges from the bowels, which are called alvine excretions.

Cyc.

Excretive

EX'CRETIVE, adjective Having the power of separating and ejecting fluid matter from the body.

Excretive faculty.

Harvey.

Excretory

EX'CRETORY, adjective Having the quality of excreting or throwing off excrementitious matter by the glands.

Excretory

EX'CRETORY, noun A little duct or vessel, destined to receive secreted fluids, and to excrete them; also, a secretory vessel.

The excretories are nothing but slender slips of the arteries, deriving an appropriated juice from the blood.

Cheyne.

Excruciable

EXCRU'CIABLE, adjective [infra.] Liable to torment. [Little used.]

Excruciate

EXCRU'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin excrucio; ex and crucio, to torment, from crux, a cross.]

To torture; to torment; to inflict most severe pain on; as, to excruciate the heart or the body.

Chapman.

Excruciated

EXCRU'CIATED, participle passive Tortured; racked; tormented.

Excruciating

EXCRU'CIATING, participle of the present tense Torturing; tormenting; putting to most severe pain.

2. adjective Extremely painful; distressing; as excruciating fears.

Excubation

EXCUBA'TION, noun The act of watching all night. [Little used.]

Dict.

Exculpate

EXCUL'PATE, verb transitive [Italian scolpare; Latin ex and culpo, to blame, culpa, fault.]

To clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or guilt; to excuse. How naturally are we inclined to exculpate ourselves and throw the blame on others. Eve endeavored to exculpate herself for eating the forbidden fruit, and throw the blame on the serpent; Adam attempted to exculpate himself and throw the blame on Eve.

Exculpated

EXCUL'PATED, participle passive Cleared by words from the imputation of fault or guilt.

Exculpating

EXCUL'PATING, participle of the present tense Clearing by words from the charge of fault or crime.

Exculpation

EXCULPA'TION, noun The act of vindicating from a charge of fault or crime; excuse.

Exculpatory

EXCUL'PATORY, adjective Able to clear from the charge of fault or guilt; excusing; containing excuse.

Johnson.

Excursion

EXCUR'SION, noun [Latin excursio, excurso, from cursus, from curro, to run.]

1. A rambling; a deviating from a stated or settled path.

She in low numbers short excursions tries.

Pope.

2. Progression beyond fixed limits; as, the excursions of the seasons into the extremes of heat and cold.

Arbuthnot.

3. Digression; a wandering from a subject or main design.

Atterbury.

4. An expedition or journey into a distant part; any rambling from a point or place, and return to the same point or place.

Excursive

EXCUR'SIVE, adjective Rambling; wandering; deviating; as an excursive fancy or imagination.

Excursively

EXCUR'SIVELY, adverb In a wandering manner.

Boswell.

Excursiveness

EXCUR'SIVENESS, noun The act of wandering or of passing usual limits.

Excusable

EXCU'SABLE, a. s as z. [See Excuse.]

That may be excused; pardonable; as, the man is excusable.

2. Admitting of excuse or justification; as an excusable action.

Excusableness

EXCU'SABLENESS, n. s as z. The state of being excusable; pardonableness; the quality of admitting of excuse.

Boyle.

Excusation

EXCUSA'TION, n. s as z. Excuse; apology. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Excusator

EXCUSA'TOR, n. s as z. One who makes or is authorized to make an excuse or carry an apology.

Hume.

Excusatory

EXCU'SATORY, a. s as z. Making excuse; containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as an excusatory plea.

Excuse

EXCU'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin excuso; ex and causor, to blame. See Cause.]

1. To pardon; to free from the imputation of fault or blame; to acquit of guilt. We excuse a person in our own minds, when we acquit him of guilt or blame; or we excuse him by a declaration of that acquittal.

2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook. We excuse a fault, which admits of apology or extenuation; and we excuse irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it.

3. To free from an obligation or duty.

I pray thee have me excused. Luke 14.

4. To remit; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture.

Johnson.

5. To pardon; to admit an apology for.

Excuse some courtly strains.

Pope.

6. To throw off an imputation by apology.

Think you that we excuse ourselves to you? 2 Corinthians 12.

7. To justify; to vindicate.

Their thoughts accusing or else excusing one another. Romans 2.

Excuse

EXCU'SE, noun A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology. Every man has an excuse to offer for his neglect of duty; the debtor makes excuses for delay of payment.

2. The act of excusing or apologizing.

3. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault. His inability to comply with the request must be his excuse.

Excuseless

EXCU'SELESS, adjective Having no excuse; that for which no excuse or apology can be offered. [Little used.]

Excuser

EXCU'SER, noun s as z. One who offers excuses or pleads for another.

2. One who excuses or forgives another.

Excusing

EXCU'SING, participle of the present tense s as z. Acquitting of guilt or fault; forgiving; overlooking.

Excuss

EXCUSS', verb transitive [Latin excussus.] To shake off; also, to seize and detain by law. [Not used.]

Excussion

EXCUS'SION, noun A seizing by law. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Ex-Director

EX-DIRECT'OR, noun One who has been a director, but is displaced.

Execrable

EX'ECRABLE, adjective [Latin execrabilis. See Execrate.]

Deserving to be cursed; very hateful; detestable; abominable; as an execrable wretch.

Execrably

EX'ECRABLY, adverb Cursedly; detestably.

Execrate

EX'ECRATE, verb transitive [Latin execror, from ex and sacer, the primary sense of which is to separate. See Sacred.]

Literally, to curse; to denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil on; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate.

Temple.

Execration

EXECRA'TION, noun The act of cursing; a curse pronounced; imprecation of evil; utter detestation expressed.

Milton.

Cease, gentle queen, these execrations:

Shak.

Execratory

EX'ECRATORY, noun A formulary of execration.

Latin Addison.

Exect

EXECT, verb transitive [Latin execo, for exseco.] To cut off or out; to cut away. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Exection

EXEC'TION, noun A cutting off or out. [Little used.]

Execute

EX'ECUTE, verb transitive [French executer; Italian eseguire; Spanish executar; Latin exequor, for exsequor; ex and sequor, to follow. See Seek.]

1. Literally, to follow out or through. Hence, to perform; to do; to effect; to carry into complete effect; to complete; to finish. We execute a purpose, a plan, design or scheme; we execute a work undertaken, that is, we pursue it to the end.

2. To perform; to inflict; as, to execute judgment or vengeance.

Scripture.

3. To carry into effect; as, to execute law or justice.

4. To carry into effect the law, or the judgment or sentence on a person; to inflict capital punishment on; to put to death; as, to execute a traitor.

5. To kill.

Shak.

6. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to a writing, as by signing and sealing; as, to execute a deed or lease.

Execute

EX'ECUTE, verb intransitive To perform the proper office; to produce an effect.

Executed

EX'ECUTED, participle passive Done; performed; accomplished; carried into effect; put to death.

Executer

EX'ECUTER, noun One who performs or carries into effect. [See Executor.]

Executing

EX'ECUTING, participle of the present tense Doing; performing; finishing; accomplishing; inflicting; carrying into effect.

Execution

EXECU'TION, noun Performance; the act of completing or accomplishing.

The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of the execution.

Dryden.

2. In law, the carrying into effect a sentence or judgment of court; the last act of the law in completing the process by which justice is to be done, by which the possession of land or debt, damages or cost, is obtained, or by which judicial punishment is inflicted.

3. The instrument, warrant or official order, by which an officer is empowered to carry a judgment into effect. An execution issues from the clerk of a court, and is levied by a sheriff, his deputy or a constable, on the estate, goods or body of the debtor.

4. The act of signing and sealing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it a valid act; as the execution of a deed.

5. The last act of the law in the punishment of criminals; capital punishment; death inflicted according to the forms of law.

6. Effect; something done or accomplished. Every shot did execution.

7. Destruction; slaughter.

Shak.

It is used after do, to do execution; never after make.

8. Performance, as in music or other art.

Executioner

EXECU'TIONER, noun One who executes; one who carries into effect a judgment of death; one who inflicts a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. It is chiefly used in this sense.

2. He that kills; he that murders.

Shak.

3. The instrument by which any thing is performed.

Crashaw.

Executive

EXEC'UTIVE, a. egzec'utive. Having the quality of executing or performing; as executive power or authority; an executive officer. Hence, in government, executive is used in distinction from legislative and judicial. The body that deliberates and enacts laws, is legislative; the body that judges, or applies the laws to particular cases, is judicial; the body or person who carries the laws into effect, or superintends the enforcement of them, is executive.

It is of the nature of war to increase the executive, at the expense of the legislative authority.

Federalist, Hamilton.

Executive

EXEC'UTIVE, noun The officer, whether king, president or other chief magistrate, who superintends the execution of the laws; the person who administers the government; executive power or authority in government.

Men most desirous of places in the executive gift, will not expect to be gratified, except by their support of the executive.

J. Quincy.

Executor

EXEC'UTOR, noun The person appointed by a testator to execute his will, or to see it carried into effect.

Executorial

EXECUTO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to an executor; executive.

Blackstone.

Executorship

EXEC'UTORSHIP, noun The office of an executor.

Executory

EXEC'UTORY, adjective Performing official duties.

Burke.

2. In law, to be executed or carried into effect in future; to take effect on a future contingency; as an executory devise or remainder.

Blackstone.

Executress

EXEC'UTRESS, or EXEC'UTRIX, noun A female executor; a woman appointed by a testator to execute his will. [The latter word is generally used.]

Exegesis

EXEGE'SIS, noun [Greek, from, to explain, from and, to lead.]

1. Exposition; explanation; interpretation.

2. A discourse intended to explain or illustrate a subject.

Encyc.

Exegetical

EXEGET'ICAL, adjective Explanatory; tending to unfold or illustrate; expository.

Walker.

Exegetically

EXEGET'ICALLY, adverb By way of explanation.

Exemplar

EXEM'PLAR, n. egzem'plar. [Latin See Example.]

1. A model, original or pattern, to be copied or imitated.

2. The idea or image of a thing, formed in the mind of an artist, by which he conducts his work; the ideal model which he attempts to imitate.

Encyc.

Exemplarily

EX'EMPLARILY, adverb In a manner to deserve imitation; in a worthy or excellent manner.

She is exemplarily loyal.

Howell.

2. In a manner that may warn others, by way of terror; in such a manner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil; or in a manner intended to warn others.

Some he punished exemplarily in this world.

Hakewill.

Exemplariness

EX'EMPLARINESS, noun The state or quality of being a pattern for imitation.

Exemplary

EX'EMPLARY, adjective [from exemplar.] Serving for a pattern or model for imitation; worthy of imitation. The christian should be exemplary in his life, as well as correct in his doctrines.

2. Such as may serve for a warning to others; such as may deter from crimes or vices; as exemplary justice; exemplary punishment.

3. Such as may attract notice and imitation.

When any duty has fallen into general neglect, the most visible and exemplary performance is required.

Rogers.

4. Illustrating.

Fuller.

Exemplification

EXEMPLIFICA'TION, noun [from exemplify.]

1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.

2. A copy; a transcript; an attested copy; as an exemplification of a deed, or of letters patent.

Exemplified

EXEM'PLIFIED, participle passive Illustrated by example or copy.

Exemplifier

EXEM'PLIFIER, noun One that exemplifies by following a pattern.

Exemplify

EXEM'PLIFY, v. t. egzem'plify. [from exemplar; Low Latin exemplo; Italian esemplificare; Spanish exemplificar.]

1. To show or illustrate by example. The life and conversation of our Savior exemplified his doctrines and precepts.

2. To copy; to transcribe; to take an attested copy.

3. To prove or show by an attested copy.

Exemplifying

EXEM'PLIFYING, participle of the present tense Illustrating by example; transcribing; taking an attested copy; proving by an attested copy.

Exempt

EXEMPT', v. t. egzemt'. [French exempter; Spanish exentar; Italian esentare; from Latin eximo, exemptus; ex and emo, to take.]

Literally, to take out or from; hence, to free, or permit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject; to privilege; to grant immunity from. Officers and students of colleges are exempted from military duty. No man is exempted from pain and suffering. The laws of God exempt no man from the obligation to obedience.

Certain abbeys claimed to be exempted from the jurisdiction of their bishops.

Henry, Hist. Brit.

Exempt

EXEMPT', adjective Free from any service, charge, burden, tax, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject; not subject; not liable to; as, to be exempt from military duty, or from a poll tax; to be exempt from pain or fear. Peers in German Britain are exempt from serving on inquests.

2. Free by privilege; as exempt from the jurisdiction of a lord or of a court.

3. Free; clear; not included.

4. Cut off from. [Not used.]

Shak.

Exempt

EXEMPT', noun One who is exempted or freed from duty; one not subject.

Exempted

EXEMPT'ED, participle passive Freed from charge, duty, tax or evils, to which others are subject; privileged; not subjected.

Exemptible

EXEMPT'IBLE, adjective Free; privileged. [Not in use.]

Exempting

EXEMPT'ING, participle of the present tense Freeing from charge, duty, tax or evil; granting immunity to.

Exemption

EXEMP'TION, noun The act of exempting; the state of being exempt.

2. Freedom from any service, charge, burden, tax, evil or requisition, to which others are subject; immunity; privilege. Many cities of Europe purchased or obtained exemptions from feudal servitude. No man can claim an exemption from pain, sorrow or death.

Exemptitious

EXEMPTI'TIOUS, adjective Separable; that may be taken from. [Not used.]

More.

Exenterate

EXEN'TERATE, verb transitive [Latin exentero; ex and Greek, entrails.]

To take out the bowels or entrails; to embowel.

Brown.

Exenteration

EXENTERA'TION, noun The act of taking out the bowels.

Exequatur

EXEQUA'TUR, noun [Latin] A written recognition of a person in the character of consul or commercial agent, issued by the government, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the country.

Exequial

EXE'QUIAL, adjective [Latin exequialis.] Pertaining to funerals.

Pope.

Exequies

EX'EQUIES, n. plu. [Latin exequioe, from exequor, that-is, exsequor, to follow.]

Funeral rites; the ceremonies of burÃƒ-al; funeral procession.

Dryden.

Exercent

EXER'CENT, adjective [Latin exercens. See Exercise.]

Using; practising; following; as a calling or profession. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Exercisable

EX'ERCISABLE, a. s as z. That may be exercised, used, employed or exerted.

Z. Swift.

Exercise

EX'ERCISE, n. s as z. [Latin exercitium, from exerceo; ex and the root of Greek, work; French exercise; Spanish exercicio; Italian esercizio.] In a general sense, any kind of work, labor or exertion of body. Hence,

1. Use; practice; the exertions and movements customary in the performance of business; as the exercise of an art, trade, occupation, or profession.

2. Practice; performance; as the exercise of religion.

3. Use; employment; exertion; as the exercise of the eyes or of the senses, or of any power of body or mind.

4. Exertion of the body, as conducive to health; action; motion, by labor, walking, riding, or other exertion.

The wise for cure on exercise depend.

Dryden.

5. Exertion of the body for amusement, or for instruction; the habitual use of the limbs for acquiring an art, dexterity, or grace, as in fencing, dancing, riding; or the exertion of the muscles for invigorating the body.

6. Exertion of the body and mind or faculties for improvement, as in oratory, in painting or statuary.

7. Use or practice to acquire skill; preparatory practice. Military exercises consist in using arms, in motions, marches and evolutions. Naval exercise consists in the use or management of artillery, and in the evolutions of fleets.

8. Exertion of the mind; application of the mental powers.

9. Task; that which is appointed for one to perform.

Milton.

10. Act of divine worship.

Shak.

11. A lesson or example for practice.

Exercise

EX'ERCISE, verb transitive [Latin exerceo; French exercer; Italian esercere; Spanish exercer. See the Noun.]

1. In a general sense, to move; to exert; to cause to act, in any manner; as, to exercise the body or the hands; to exercise the mind, the powers of the mind, the reason or judgment.

2. To use; to exert; as, to exercise authority or power.

3. To use for improvement in skill; as, to exercise arms.

4. To exert one's powers or strength; to practice habitually; as, to exercise one's self in speaking or music.

5. To practice; to perform the duties of; as, to exercise an office.

6. To train to use; to discipline; to cause to perform certain acts, as preparatory to service; as, to exercise troops.

7. To task; to keep employed; to use efforts.

Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense towards God and men. Acts 24.

8. To use; to employ.

9. To busy; to keep busy in action, exertion or employment.

10. To pain or afflict; to give anxiety to; to make uneasy.

Exercise

EX'ERCISE, verb intransitive To use action or exertion; as, to exercise for health or amusement. [Elliptical.]

Exercised

EX'ERCISED, participle passive Exerted; used; trained; disciplined; accustomed; made skilful by use; employed; practiced; pained; afflicted; rendered uneasy.

Exerciser

EX'ERCISER, noun One who exercises.

Exercising

EX'ERCISING, participle of the present tense Exerting; using; employing; training; practicing.

Exercitation

EXERCITA'TION, noun [Latin exercitatio, from exerceo. See Exercise.] Exercise; practice; use.

Brown. Felton.

Exergue

EXER'GUE, noun [Greek and, work.] A little space around or without the figures of a medal, left for the inscription, cipher, device, date, &c.

Encyc.

Exert

EXERT', v. t. egzert'. [Latin exero, for exsero; ex and sero, to throw, to thrust, for this is the radical sense of sero.]

1. Literally, to thrust forth; to emit; to push out.

Dryden.

Before the gems exert

Their feeble heads.

Philips.

[An unusual application.]

2. To bring out; to cause to come forth; to produce. But more generally,

3. To put or thrust forth, as strength, force or ability; to strain; to put in action; to bring into active operation; as, to exert the strength of the body or limbs; to exert efforts; to exert powers or faculties; to exert the mind.

4. To put forth; to do or perform.

When the will has exerted an act of command on any faculty of the soul.

South.

To exert one's self, is to use efforts; to strive.

Exerted

EXERT'ED, participle passive Thrust or pushed forth; put in action.

Exerting

EXERT'ING, participle of the present tense Putting forth; putting in action.

Exertion

EXER'TION, noun The act of exerting or straining; the act of putting into motion or action; effort; a striving or struggling; as an exertion of strength or power; an exertion of the limbs, of the mind or faculties. The ship was saved by great exertions of the crew. No exertions will suppress a vice which great men countenance.

Exesion

EXE'SION, noun s as z. [Latin exesus, exedo; ex and edo, to eat.]

The act of eating out or through. [Little used.]

Brown.

Exestuation

EXESTUA'TION, noun [Latin exoestuatio; ex and oestuo, to boil.]

A boiling; ebullition; agitation caused by heat; effervescence.

Boyle.

Exfoliate

EXFO'LIATE, verb intransitive [Latin exfolio; ex and folium, a leaf.]

In surgery and mineralogy, to separate and come off in scales, as pieces of carious bone; to scale off, as the lamins of a mineral.

Exfoliated

EXFO'LIATED, participle passive Separated in thin scales, as a carious bone.

Exfoliating

EXFO'LIATING, participle of the present tense Separating and coming off in scales.

Exfoliation

EXFOLIA'TION, noun The scaling of a bone; the process of separating, as pieces of unsound bone from the sound part; desquamation.

Coxe.

Exfoliative

EXFO'LIATIVE, adjective That has the power of causing exfoliation or the desquamation of a bone.

Exfoliative

EXFO'LIATIVE, noun That which has the power or quality of procuring exfoliation.

Wiseman.

Exhalable

EXHA'LABLE, adjective [See Exhale.] That may be exhaled or evaporated.

Boyle.

Exhalation

EXHALA'TION, noun [Latin exhalatio. See Exhale.]

1. The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth fluids in the form of steam or vapor; evaporation.

2. That which is exhaled; that which is emitted, or which rises in the form of vapor; fume or steam; effluvia. Exhalations are visible or invisible. The earth is often dried by evaporation, without visible exhalations. The smell of fragrant plants is caused by invisible exhalations.

Exhale

EXHA'LE, v. t. egzha'le. [Latin exhalo; ex and halo, to breathe, to send forth vapor; Irish gal, gail, vapor; gailim, to evaporate.]

1. To send out; to emit; as vapor, or minute particles of a fluid or other substance. The rose exhales a fragrant odor. The earth exhales vapor. Marshes exhale noxious effluvia.

2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor or minute particles; to evaporate. The sun exhales the moisture of the earth.

Exhaled

EXHA'LED, participle passive Sent out; emitted, as vapor; evaporated.

Exhalement

EXHA'LEMENT, noun Matter exhaled; vapor.

Brown.

Exhaling

EXHA'LING, participle of the present tense Sending or drawing out in vapor or effluvia.

Exhaust

EXHAUST', v. t. egzhaust'. [Latin exhaurio, exhaustum; ex and haurio, to draw, Greek.]

1. To draw out or drain off the whole of any thing; to draw out, till nothing of the matter drawn is left. We exhaust the water in a well, by drawing or pumping; the water of a marsh is exhausted by draining; the moisture of the earth is exhausted by evaporation.

2. To empty by drawing out the contents. Venesection may exhaust the veins and arteries.

3. To draw out or to use and expend the whole; to consume. The treasures of the prince were exhausted; his means or his resources were exhausted. The strength or fertility of land may be exhausted.

4. To use or expend the whole by exertion; as, to exhaust the strength or spirits; to exhaust one's patience. Hence this phrase is equivalent to tire, weary, fatigue.

Exhaust

EXHAUST', adjective Drained; exhausted. [Little used.]

Burton.

Exhausted

EXHAUST'ED, participle passive Drawn out; drained off; emptied by drawing, draining or evaporation; wholly used or expended; consumed.

Exhauster

EXHAUST'ER, noun He or that which exhausts or draws out.

Exhaustible

EXHAUST'IBLE, adjective That may be exhausted or drained off.

Exhausting

EXHAUST'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing out; draining off; emptying; using or expending the whole; consuming.

2. adjective Tending to exhaust; as exhausting labor.

Exhaustion

EXHAUST'ION, noun The act of drawing out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents.

2. The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of being deprived of strength or spirits.

3. In mathematics, a method of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a reductio ad absurdum, or showing that if one is supposed either greater or less than the other, there will arise a contradiction.

Encyc.

Exhaustless

EXHAUST'LESS, adjective Not to be exhausted; not to be wholly drawn off or emptied; inexhaustible; as an exhaustless fund or store.

Exhaustment

EXHAUST'MENT, noun Exhaustion; drain.

Exheredate

EXHER'EDATE, verb transitive [infra.] To disinherit.

Exheredation

EXHEREDA'TION, noun [Latin exhoeredatio, exhoeredo; ex and hoeres, an heir.]

In the civil law, a disinheriting; a father's excluding a child from inheriting any part of his estate.

Encyc.

Exhibit

EXHIB'IT, v. t. egzhib'it. [Latin exhibeo; ex and habeo, to have or hold, as we say, to hold out or forth.]

1. To offer or present to view; to present for inspection; to show; as, to exhibit paintings or other specimens of art; to exhibit papers or documents in court.

2. To show; to display; to manifest publicly; as, to exhibit a noble example of bravery or generosity.

3. To present; to offer publicly or officially; as, to exhibit a charge of high treason.

Exhibit

EXHIB'IT, noun Any paper produced or presented to a court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher, or in proof of facts; a voucher or document produced.

2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court, sworn to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed on it by the examiner or commissioner.

Encyc.

Exhibited

EXHIB'ITED, participle passive Offered to view; presented for inspection; shown; displayed.

Exhibiter

EXHIB'ITER, noun One who exhibits; one who presents a petition or charge.

Shak.

Exhibiting

EXHIB'ITING, participle of the present tense Offering to view; presenting; showing; displaying.

Exhibition

EXHIBI'TION, noun [Latin exhibitio.] The act of exhibiting for inspection; a showing or presenting to view; display.

2. The offering, producing or showing of titles, authorities or papers of any kind before a tribunal, in proof of facts.

3. Public show; representation of feats or actions in public; display of oratory in public; any public show.

4. Allowance of meat and drink; pension; salary; benefaction settled for the maintenance of scholars in universities, not depending on the foundation.

Swift. Bacon. Encyc.

5. Payment; recompense.

Shak.

Exhibitioner

EXHIBI'TIONER, noun In English universities, one who has a pension or allowance, granted for the encouragement of learning.

Exhibitive

EXHIB'ITIVE, adjective Serving for exhibition; representative.

Norris.

Exhibitively

EXHIB'ITIVELY, adverb By representation.

Waterland.

Exhibitory

EXHIB'ITORY, adjective Exhibiting; showing; displaying.

Exhilarate

EXHIL'ARATE, v. t. egzhil'arate. [Latin exhilaro; ex and hilaro, to make merry, hilaris, merry, jovial, Greek.]

To make cheerful or merry; to enliven; to make glad or joyous; to gladden; to cheer. Good news exhilarates the mind, as good wine exhilarates the animal spirits.

Exhilarate

EXHIL'ARATE, verb intransitive To become cheerful or joyous.

Bacon.

Exhilarated

EXHIL'ARATED, participle passive Enlivened; animated; cheered; gladdened; made joyous or jovial.

Exhilarating

EXHIL'ARATING, participle of the present tense Enlivening; giving life and vigor to the spirits; cheering; gladdening.

Exhilaration

EXHILARA'TION, noun The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful.

2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful. Exhilaration usually expresses less than joy or mirth, but it may be used to express both.

Exhort

EXHORT', v. t. egzhort'. [Latin exhortor; ex and hortor, to encourage, to embolden, to cheer, to advise; Italian esortare; French exhorter; Spanish exhortar. The primary sense seems to be to excite or to give strength, spirit or courage.]

1. To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments to a good deed or to any laudable conduct or course of action.

I exhort you to be of good cheer. Acts 27.

Young men also exhort to be sober minded. Exhort servants to be obedient to their masters. Titus ~~.

2. To advise; to warn; to caution.

3. To incite or stimulate to exertion.

Goldsmith.

Exhort

EXHORT', verb intransitive To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds.

And with many other words did he testify and exhort. Acts 2.

Exhortation

EXHORTA'TION, noun The act or practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable.

2. The form of words intended to incite and encourage.

3. Advice; counsel.

Exhortative

EXHORT'ATIVE, adjective Containing exhortation.

Exhortatory

EXHORT'ATORY, adjective Tending to exhort; serving for exhortation.

Exhorted

EXHORT'ED, participle passive Incited by words to good deeds; animated to a laudable course of conduct; advised.

Exhorter

EXHORT'ER, noun One who exhorts or encourages.

Exhorting

EXHORT'ING, participle of the present tense Inciting to good deeds by words or arguments; encouraging; counseling.

Exhumation

EXHUMA'TION, noun [French from exhumer, to dig out of the ground; Spanish exhumar; Latin ex and humus, ground.]

1. The digging up of a dead body interred; the disinterring of a corpse.

2. The digging up of any thing buried.

Goldsmith.

Exiccate

EXICCATE, EXICCATION. [See Exsiccate.]

Exigence

EX'IGENCE, or EX'IGENCY, noun [Latin exigens from exigo, to exact; ex and ago, to drive.]

1. Demand; urgency; urgent need or want. We speak of the exigence of the case; the exigence of the times, or of business.

2. Pressing necessity; distress; any case which demands immediate action, supply or remedy. A wise man adapts his measures to his exigencies. In the present exigency, no time is to be lost.

Exigent

EX'IGENT, noun Pressing business; occasion that calls for immediate help. [Not used.] [See Exigence.]

Hooker.

2. In law, a writ which lies where the defendant is not to be found, or after a return of non est inventus on former writs; the exigent or exigi facias then issues, which requires the sheriff to cause the defendant to be proclaimed or exacted, in five county courts successively, to render himself; and if he does not, he is outlawed.

Blackstone.

3. End; extremity. [Not used.]

Shak.

Exigenter

EX'IGENTER, noun An officer in the court of Common Pleas in England who makes out exigents and proclamations, in cases of outlawry.

Encyc.

Exigible

EX'IGIBLE, adjective [See Exigence.] That may be exacted; demandable; requirable.

Exiguity

EXIGU'ITY, noun [Latin exiguitas.] Smallness; slenderness. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Exiguous

EXIG'UOUS, adjective [Latin exiguus.] Small; slender; minute; diminutive. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Exile

EX'ILE, n. eg'zile. [Latin exilium, exul; French exil; Italian esilio. The word is probably compounded of ex and a root in Sl, signifying to depart, or to cut off, to separate, or to thrust away, perhaps Latin salio.]

1. Banishment; the state of being expelled from one's native country or place of residence by authority, and forbid to return, either for a limited time or for perpetuity.

2. An abandonment of one's country, or removal to a foreign country for residence, through fear, disgust or resentment, or for any cause distinct from business, is called a voluntary exile, as is also a separation from one's country and friends by distress or necessity.

3. The person banished, or expelled from his country by authority; also, one who abandons his country and resides in another; or one who is separated from his country and friends by necessity.

Exile

EX'ILE, verb transitive To banish, as a person from his country or from a particular jurisdiction by authority, with a prohibition of return; to drive away, expel or transport from one's country.

2. To drive from one's country by misfortune, necessity or distress.

To exile one's self, is to quit one's country with a view not to return.

Exile

EX'ILE, a. eg'zil. [Latin exilis.] Slender; thin; fine.

Bacon.

Exiled

EX'ILED, participle passive Banished; expelled from one's country by authority.

Exilement

EX'ILEMENT, noun Banishment.

Exiling

EX'ILING, participle of the present tense Banishing; expelling from one's country by law, edict or sentence; voluntarily departing from one's country, and residing in another.

Exilition

EXILI'TION, noun [Latin exilio, for exsalio, to leap out.]

A sudden springing or leaping out. [Little used.]

Brown.

Exility

EXIL'ITY, noun [Latin exilitas.] Slenderness; fineness; thinness.

Eximious

EXIM'IOUS, adjective [Latin eximius.] Excellent. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Exinanite

EXIN'ANITE, verb transitive [Latin exinanio.] To make empty; to weaken. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Exinanition

EXINANI'TION, noun [Latin exinanitio, from exinanio, to empty or evacuate; ex and inanio, to empty, inanis, empty, void.]

An emptying or evacuation; hence, privation; loss; destitution. [Little used.]

Exist

EXIST', v. i. egzist'. [Latin existo; ex and sisto, or more directly from Greek, to set, place or fix, or, Latin sto, to stand, Spanish Portugese estar, Italian stare, German stehen, Dutch staan, Russian stoyu. The primary sense is to set, fix or be fixed, whence the sense of permanence, continuance.]

1. To be; to have an essence or real being; applicable to matter or body, and to spiritual substances. A supreme being and first cause of all other beings must have existed from eternity, for no being can have created himself.

2. To live; to have life or animation. Men cannot exist in water, nor fishes on land.

3. To remain; to endure; to continue in being. How long shall national enmities exist?

Existence

EXIST'ENCE, noun The state of being or having essence; as the existence of body and of soul in union; the separate existence of the soul; immortal existence; temporal existence.

2. Life; animation.

3. Continued being; duration; continuation. We speak of the existence of troubles or calamities, or of happiness. During the existence of national calamities, our pious ancestors always had recourse to prayer for divine aid.

Existent

EXIST'ENT, adjective Being; having being, essence or existence.

The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no real being, as if they were truly existent.

Dryden.

Existential

EXISTEN'TIAL, adjective Having existence.

Bp. Barlow.

Exit

EX'IT, noun [Latin the 3d person of exeo, to go out.] Literally, he goes out or departs. Hence,

1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part. This is also a term set in a play, to mark the time of an actor's quitting the stage.

2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life; death; decease.

Swift.

3. A way of departure; passage out of a place.

Woodward.

4. A going out; departure.

Glanville.

Exitial

EXI'TIAL, or EXI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin exitialis.] Destructive to life.

Homilies.

Ex-Legislator

EX-LEG'ISLATOR, noun One who has been a legislator, but is not at present.

Ex-Minister

EX-MIN'ISTER, noun One who has been minister, but is not in office.

Exode

EX'ODE, noun [Greek. See Exodus.] In the Greek drama, the concluding part of a play, or the part which comprehends all that is said after the last interlude.

Anacharsis.

Exodus

EX'ODUS, or EX'ODY, noun [Greek; and, way.] Departure from a place; particularly, the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses.

2. The second book of the Old Testament, which gives a history of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.

Ex officio, [Latin] By virtue of office, and without special authority. A justice of the peace may ex officio take sureties of the peace.

Exogloss

EX'OGLOSS, noun [Greek and, tongue.]

A genus of fishes found in the American seas, whose lower jaw is trilobed, and the middle lobe protruded performs the office of a tongue.

Exolete

EXOLE'TE, adjective [Latin exoletus.] Obsolete. [Not in use.]

Exolution

EXOLU'TION, noun Laxation of the nerves. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Exolve

EXOLVE, verb transitive To loose. [Not in use.]

Exomphalos

EXOM'PHALOS, noun [Greek and.] A navel rupture.

Exonerate

EXON'ERATE, v. t. egzon'erate. [Latin exonero; ex and onero, to load, onus, a load.]

1. To unload; to disburden.

The vessels exonerate themselves into a common duct.

Ray.

But more generally, in a figurative sense,

2. To cast off, as a charge or as blame resting on one; to clear of something that lies upon the character as an imputation; as, to exonerate one's self from blame, or from the charge of avarice.

3. To cast off, as an obligation, debt or duty; to discharge of responsibility or liability; as, a surety exonerates himself by producing a man in court.

Exonerated

EXON'ERATED, participle passive Unloaded; disburdened; freed from a charge, imputation or responsibility.

Exonerating

EXON'ERATING, participle of the present tense Unloading; disburdening; freeing from any charge or imputation.

Exoneration

EXONERA'TION, noun The act of disburdening or discharging: the act of freeing from a charge or imputation.

Exonerative

EXON'ERATIVE, adjective Freeing from a burden or obligation.

Exorable

EX'ORABLE, adjective [Latin exorabilis, from exoro; ex and oro, to pray.]

That may be moved or persuaded by entreaty.

Harrington.

Exorbitance

EXORB'ITANCE, or EXORB'ITANCY, n. egzorb'itance. [Latin exorbitans, from ex and orbita, the track of a wheel, orbis, an orb.]

Literally, a going beyond or without the track or usual limit. Hence, enormity; extravagance; a deviation from rule or the ordinary limits of right or propriety; as the exorbitances of the tongue, or of deportment.

The reverence of my presence may be a curb to your exorbitancies.

Dryden.

Exorbitant

EXORB'ITANT, adjective [Latin exorbitans.] Literally, departing from an orbit or usual track. Hence, deviating from the usual course; going beyond the appointed rules or established limits of right or propriety; hence, excessive; extravagant; enormous. We speak of exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant demands or claims; exorbitant taxes.

2. Anomalous; not comprehended in a settled rule or method.

The Jews were inured with causes exorbitant.

Hooker.

Exorbitantly

EXORB'ITANTLY, adverb Enormously; excessively.

Exorbitate

EXORB'ITATE, verb intransitive To go beyond the usual track or orbit; to deviate from the usual limit.

Bentley.

Exorcise

EX'ORCISE, v. i. s as z. [Greek, to adjure, from, to bind by oath, from, an oath.]

1. To adjure by some holy name; but chiefly, to expel evil spirits by conjurations, prayers and ceremonies. To exorcise a person, is to expel from him the evil spirit supposed to possess him. To exorcise a demon or evil spirit, is to cast him out or drive him from a person, by prayers or other ceremonies.

Encyc.

2. To purify from unclean spirits by adjurations and ceremonies; to deliver from the influence of malignant spirits or demons; as, to exorcise a bed or a house.

Exorcised

EX'ORCISED, participle passive Expelled from a person or place by conjurations and prayers; freed from demons in like manner.

Exorciser

EX'ORCISER, noun One who pretends to cast out evil spirits by adjurations and conjuration.

Exorcising

EX'ORCISING, participle of the present tense Expelling evil spirits by prayers and ceremonies.

Exorcism

EX'ORCISM, noun [Latin exorcismus; Greek.]

The expulsion of evil spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and ceremonies. Exorcism was common among the Jews, and still makes a part of the superstitions of some churches.

Encyc.

Exorcist

EX'ORCIST, noun One who pretends to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers and ceremonies. Acts 19.

Exordial

EXORD'IAL, adjective [infra.] Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse; introductory.

Brown.

Exordium

EXORD'IUM, noun plu. exordiums. [Latin from exordior; ex and ordior, to begin. See Order.]

In oratory, the beginning; the introductory part of a discourse, which prepares the audience for the main subject; the preface or proemial part of a composition. The exordium may be formal and deliberate, or abrupt and vehement, according to the nature of the subject and occasion.

Exornation

EXORNA'TION, noun [Latin exornatio, from exorno; ex and orno, to adorn.] Ornament; decoration; embellishment.

Hale. Hooker.

Exortive

EXORT'IVE, adjective [Latin exortivus; ex and ortus, a rising.] Rising; relating to the east.

Exossated

EXOS'SATED, adjective [infra.] Deprived of bones.

Exosseous

EXOS'SEOUS, adjective [Latin ex and ossa, bones.]

Without bones; destitute of bones; as exosseous animals.

Brown.

Exoteric

EXOT'ERIC, adjective [Greek, exterior.] External; public; opposed to esoteric or secret. The exoteric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those which were openly professed and taught. The esoteric were secret, or taught only to a few chosen disciples.

Enfield. Encyc.

Exotery

EX'OTERY, noun What is obvious or common.

Search.

Exotic

EXOT'IC, adjective [Greek, from, without.] Foreign; pertaining to or produced in a foreign country; not native; extraneous; as an exotic plant; an exotic term or word.

Exotic

EXOT'IC, noun A plant, shrub or tree not native; a plant produced in a foreign country.

Addison.

2. A word of foreign origin.

Expand

EXPAND', verb transitive [Latin expando; ex and pando, to open, or spread; Italian spandere, to pour out; coinciding with span, Dutch span, spannen, Swedish sp?nna, Danish spoender. See Arabic Class Bn. No. 3. The primary sense is to strain or stretch, and this seems to be the sense of bend, Latin pandus.]

1. To open; to spread; as, a flower expands its leaves.

2. To spread; to enlarge a surface; to diffuse; as, a stream expands its waters over a plain.

3. To dilate; to enlarge in bulk; to distend; as, to expand the chest by inspiration; heat expands all bodies; air is expanded by rarefaction.

4. To enlarge; to extend; as, to expand the sphere of benevolence; to expand the heart or affections.

Expand

EXPAND', verb intransitive To open; to spread. Flowers expand in spring.

2. To dilate; to extend in bulk or surface. Metals expand by heat. A lake expands, when swelled by rains.

3. To enlarge; as, the heart expands with joy.

Expanded

EXPAND'ED, participle passive Opened; spread; extended; dilated; enlarged; diffused.

Expanding

EXPAND'ING, participle of the present tense Opening; spreading; extending; dilating; diffusing.

Expanse

EXPANSE, n. expans'. [Latin expansum.] A spreading; extent; a wide extent of space or body; as the expanse of heaven.

The smooth expanse of crystal lakes.

Pope.

Expansibility

EXPANSIBIL'ITY, noun [from expansible.]

The capacity of being expanded; capacity of extension in surface or bulk; as the expansibility of air.

Expansible

EXPANS'IBLE, adjective [French from expand.] Capable of being expanded or spread; capable of being extended, dilated or diffused.

Bodies are not expansible in proportion to their weight.

Grew.

Expansile

EXPANS'ILE, adjective Capable of expanding, or of being dilated.

Expansion

EXPAN'SION, noun [Latin expansio.] The act of expanding or spreading out.

2. The state of being expanded; the enlargement of surface or bulk; dilatation. We apply expansion to surface, as the expansion of a sheet or of a lake, and to bulk, as the expansion of fluids or metals by heat; but not to a line or length without breadth.

3. Extent; space to which any thing is enlarged; also, pure space or distance between remote bodies.

4. Enlargement; as the expansion of the heart or affections.

Expansive

EXPANS'IVE, adjective [French] Having the power to expand, to spread, or to dilate; as the expansive force of heat or fire.

Gregory.

2. Having the capacity of being expanded: as the expansive quality of air; the expansive atmosphere.

Thomson.

3. Widely extended; as expansive benevolence.

Expansiveness

EXPANS'IVENESS, noun The quality of being expansive.

Ex parte, [Latin] On one part; as a hearing or a council ex parte, on one side only.

Expatiate

EXPA'TIATE, verb intransitive [Latin expatior; ex and spatior, to wander, to enlarge in discourse, spatium, space, probably allied to pateo, to open. Class Bd.]

1. To move at large; to rove without prescribed limits; to wander in space without restraint.

He bids his soul expatiate in the skies.

Pope.

Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man

Pope.

2. To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in argument or discussion. On important topics the orator thinks himself at liberty to expatiate.

Expatiating

EXPA'TIATING, participle of the present tense Roving at large; moving in space without certain limits or restraint; enlarging in discourse or writing.

Expatiator

EXPA'TIATOR, noun One who enlarges or amplifies in language.

Expatriate

EXPAT'RIATE, verb transitive [French expatrier; Italian spatriare; from Latin ex and patria, country.]

In a general sense, to banish.

To expatriate one's self, is to quit one's country, renouncing citizenship and allegiance in that country, to take residence and become a citizen in another country. The right to expatriate one's self is denied in feudal countries, and much controverted in the U. States.

Expatriated

EXPAT'RIATED, participle passive Banished; removed from one's native country, with renunciation of citizenship and allegiance.

Expatriating

EXPAT'RIATING, participle of the present tense Banishing; abandoning one's country, with renunciation of allegiance.

Expatriation

EXPATRIA'TION, noun Banishment. More generally, the forsaking one's own country, with a renunciation of allegiance, and with the view of becoming a permanent resident and citizen in another country.

Expect

EXPECT', verb transitive [Latin expecto; ex and specto, to look, that is, to reach forward, or to fix the eyes.]

1. To wait for.

The guards,

By me encamp'd on yonder hill, expect

Their motion.

Milton.

[This sense, though often used by Gibbon, seems to be obsolescent.]

2. To look for; to have a previous apprehension of something future, whether good or evil; to entertain at least a slight belief that an event will happen. We expect a visit that has been promised. We expect money will be paid at the time it is due, though we are often disappointed. Expect, in its legitimate sense, always refers to a future event. The common phrase, I expect it was, is as vulgar as it is improper.

Expectable

EXPECT'ABLE, adjective To be expected; that may be expected.

Expectance

EXPECT'ANCE, or EXPECT'ANCY, noun The act or state of expecting; expectation.

Milton. Shak.

2. Something expected.

Shak.

3. Hope; a looking for with pleasure.

Shak.

Expectancy

EXPECT'ANCY, noun In law, a state of waiting or suspension. An estate in expectancy is one which is to take effect or commence after the determination of another estate. Estates of this kind are remainders and reversions. A remainder, or estate in remainder, is one which is limited to take effect and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. Thus when a grant of land is made to A for twenty years, and after the determination of that term, to B and his heirs forever; A is tenant for years, remainder to B in fee. In this case, the estate of B is in expectancy, that is, waiting for the determination of the estate for years. A reversion is the residue of an estate left in the grantor, to commence in possession after the determination of a particular estate granted out by him. As when A leases an estate to B for twenty years; after the determination of that period, the estate reverts to the lessor, but during the term the estate of the lessor is in expectancy.

Blackstone.

Expectant

EXPECT'ANT, adjective Waiting; looking for.

Swift.

2. An expectant estate, is one which is suspended till the determination of a particular estate.

Blackstone.

Expectant

EXPECT'ANT, noun One who expects; one who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by his belief or hope of receiving some good. Those who have the gift of offices are usually surrounded by expectants.

Expectation

EXPECTA'TION, noun [Latin expectatio.] The act of expecting or looking forward to a future event with at least some reason to believe the event will happen. Expectation differs from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some reasons which render the event probable. Hope is directed to some good; expectation is directed to good or evil.

The same weakness of mind which indulges absurd expectations, produces petulance in disappointment.

Irving.

2. The state of expecting, either with hope or fear.

3. Prospect of good to come.

My soul, wait thou only on God, for my expectation is from him. Psalm 62.

4. The object of expectation; the expected Messiah.

Milton.

5. A state or qualities in a person which excite expectations in others of some future excellence; as a youth of expectation.

Sidney. Otway.

We now more generally say, a youth of promise.

6. In chances, expectation is applied to contingent events, and is reducible to computation.

A sum of money in expectation, when an event happens, has a determinate value before that event happens. If the chances of receiving or not receiving a hundred dollars, when an event arrives, are equal; then, before the arrival of the event, the expectation is worth half the money.

Encyc.

Expectative

EXPECT'ATIVE, noun That which is expected. [Not used.]

Expecter

EXPECT'ER, noun One who expects; one who waits for something, or for another person.

Swift. Shak.

Expecting

EXPECT'ING, participle of the present tense Waiting or looking for the arrival of.

Expectorant

EXPEC'TORANT, adjective [See Expectorate.]

Having the quality of promoting discharges from the lungs.

Expectorant

EXPEC'TORANT, noun A medicine which promotes discharges from the lungs.

Expectorate

EXPEC'TORATE, verb transitive [Latin expectoro; Spanish expectorar; French expectorer; from Latin ex and pectus, the breast.]

To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge phlegm or other matter, by coughing, hawking and spitting.

Coxe.

Expectorated

EXPEC'TORATED, participle passive Discharged from the lungs.

Expectorating

EXPEC'TORATING, participle of the present tense Throwing from the lungs by hawking and spitting.

Expectoration

EXPECTORA'TION, noun The act of discharging phlegm or mucus from the lungs, by coughing, hawking and spitting.

Encyc.

Expectorative

EXPEC'TORATIVE, adjective Having the quality of promoting expectoration.

Expediate

EXPE'DIATE, verb transitive To expedite. [Not in use.]

Expedience

EXPE'DIENCE, or EXPE'DIENCY, noun [See Speed, Expedient and Expedite.]

1. Fitness or suitableness to effect some good end or the purpose intended; propriety under the particular circumstances of a case. The practicability of a measure is often obvious, when the expedience of it is questionable.

2. Expedition; adventure. [Not now used.]

Shak.

3. Expedition; haste; dispatch. [Not now used.]

Shak.

Expedient

EXPE'DIENT, adjective [Latin expediens; expedio, to hasten; speed; Greek.]

1. Literally, hastening; urging forward. Hence, tending to promote the object proposed; fit or suitable for the purpose; proper under the circumstances. Many things may be lawful, which are not expedient.

2. Useful; profitable.

3. Quick; expeditious. [Not used.]

Shak.

Expedient

EXPE'DIENT, noun That which serves to promote or advance; any means which may be employed to accomplish an end. Let every expedient be employed to effect an important object, nor let exertions cease till all expedients fail of producing the effect.

2. Shift; means devised or employed in an exigency.

Dryden.

Expediently

EXPE'DIENTLY, adverb Fitly; suitably; conveniently.

2. Hastily; quickly. [Obs.]

Shak.

Expeditate

EXPED'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin ex and pes, foot.]

In the forest laws of England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet, for the preservation of the king's game.

Expeditation

EXPEDITA'TION, noun The act of cutting out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet.

Encyc.

Expedite

EX'PEDITE, verb transitive [Latin expedio; Spanish expedir; French expedier; Italian spedire; Arabic to hasten, or to send, to move hastily, to be suitable; speed. Expedio is compound. We see the same root in impedio, to hinder, to send against, to move in opposition.]

1. To hasten; to quicken; to accelerate motion or progress. The general sent orders to expedite the march of the army. Artificial heat may expedite the growth of plants.

2. To dispatch; to send from.

Such charters are expedited of course.

Bacon.

3. To hasten by rendering easy. See No. 1.

Expedite

EX'PEDITE, adjective [Latin expeditus.] Quick; speedy; expeditious; as expedite execution. [Little used.]

Sandys.

2. Easy; clear of impediments; unencumbered; as, to make a way plain and expedite. [Unusual.]

Hooker.

3. Active; nimble; ready; prompt.

The more expedite will be the soul in its operations. [Unusual.]

Tillotson.

4. Light-armed. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Expeditely

EX'PEDITELY, adverb Readily; hastily; speedily; promptly.

Grew.

Expedition

EXPEDI'TION, noun [Latin expeditio.] Haste; speed; quickness; dispatch. The mail is conveyed with expedition.

2. The march of an army, or the voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hostile purposes; as the expedition of the French to Egypt; the expedition of Xerxes into Greece.

3. Any enterprize, undertaking or attempt by a number of persons; or the collective body which undertakes. We say, our government sent an expedition to the Pacific; the expedition has arrived.

Expeditious

EXPEDI'TIOUS, adjective Quick; hasty; speedy; as an expeditious march.

2. Nimble; active; swift; acting with celerity; as an expeditious messenger or runner.

Expeditiously

EXPEDI'TIOUSLY, adverb Speedily; hastily; with celerity or dispatch.

Expeditive

EXPED'ITIVE, adjective Performing with speed.

Bacon.

Expel

EXPEL', verb transitive [Latin expello; ex and pello, to drive, Greek; Italian espellare; Welsh yspeliaw; and from the Latin participle, French expulser. Class Bl.]

1. To drive or force out from any inclosed place; as, to expel wind from the stomach, or air from a bellows. [The word is applicable to any force, physical or moral.]

2. To drive out; to force to leave; as, to expel the inhabitants of a country; to expel wild beasts from a forest.

3. To eject; to throw out.

Dryden.

4. To banish; to exile.

Pope.

5. To reject; to refuse. [Little used.]

And would you not poor fellowship expel?

Hub. Tale.

6. To exclude; to keep out or off.

Shak.

7. In college government, to command to leave; to dissolve the connection of a student; to interdict him from further connection.

Expellable

EXPEL'LABLE, adjective That may be expelled or driven out.

Acid expellable by heat.

Kirwan.

Expelled

EXPEL'LED, participle passive Driven out or away; forced to leave; banished; exiled; excluded.

Expeller

EXPEL'LER, noun He or that which drives out or away.

Expelling

EXPEL'LING, participle of the present tense Driving out; forcing away; compelling to quit or depart; banishing; excluding.

Expend

EXPEND', verb transitive [Latin expendo; ex and pendo, to weigh; Spanish expender; French depenser, from Latin dispendo; Italian spendere; properly, to weigh off; hence, to lay out.]

1. To lay out; to disburse; to spend; to deliver or distribute, either in payment or in donations. We expend money for food, drink and clothing. We expend a little in charity, and a great deal in idle amusements.

2. To lay out; to use; to employ; to consume; as, to expend time and labor. I hope the time, labor and money expended on this book will not be wholly misemployed.

3. To use and consume; as, to expend hay in feeding cattle.

4. To consume; to dissipate; to waste; as, the oil of a lamp is expended in burning; water is expended in mechanical operations.

Expend

EXPEND', verb intransitive To be laid out, used or consumed.

Expended

EXPEND'ED, participle passive Laid out; spent; disbursed; used; consumed.

Expending

EXPEND'ING, participle of the present tense Spending; using; employing; wasting.

Expenditure

EXPEND'ITURE, noun The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement. A corrupt administration is known by extravagant expenditures of public money.

National income and expenditure.

Price.

2. Money expended; expense.

The receipts and expenditures of this extensive country.

Hamilton.

Expense

EXPENSE, n. expens'. [Latin expensum.] A laying out or expending; the disbursing of money, or the employment and consumption, as of time or labor. Great enterprises are accomplished only by a great expense of money, time and labor.

2. Money expended; cost; charge; that which is disbursed in payment or in charity. A prudent man limits his expenses by his income. The expenses of war are rarely or never reimbursed by the acquisition either of goods or territory.

3. That which is used, employed, laid out or consumed; as the expense of time or labor.

Expenseful

EXPENSEFUL, a. expens'ful. Costly; expensive. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Expenseless

EXPENSELESS, a. expens'less. Without cost or expense.

Milton.

Expensive

EXPENS'IVE, adjective Costly; requiring much expense; as an expensive dress or equipage; an expensive family. Vices are usually more expensive than virtues.

2. Given to expense; free in the use of money; extravagant; lavish; applied to persons. Of men, some are frugal and industrious; others, idle and expensive.

Temple.

3. Liberal; generous in the distribution of property.

This requires an active, expensive, indefatigable goodness.

Spratt.

Expensively

EXPENS'IVELY, adverb With great expense; at great cost or charge.

Swift.

Expensiveness

EXPENS'IVENESS, noun Costliness; the quality of incurring or requiring great expenditures of money. The expensiveness of war is not its greatest evil.

2. Addictedness to expense; extravagance; applied to persons.

Experience

EXPE'RIENCE, noun [Latin experientia, from experior, to try; ex and ant. perior; Greek, to attempt, whence pirate; German erfahren, from fahren, to move, to go, to drive, to ferry; Dutch ervaaren, from vaaren, to go, to move, to sail; Swedish f?rfara, fara; Danish forfarer, farer; Saxon and Gothic faran; to fare. The Latin periculum, peril, are from the same root. We see the root of these words is to go, to fare, to drive, urge or press, to strain or stretch forward. See Class Br. No. 3. Arabic No. 4. 19. 23.]

1. Trial, or a series of trials or experiments; active effort or attempt to do or to prove something, or repeated efforts. A man attempts to raise wheat on moist or clayey ground; his attempt fails of success; experience proves that wheat will not flourish on such a soil. He repeats the trial, and his experience proves the same fact. A single trial is usually denominated an experiment; experience may be a series of trials, or the result of such trials.

2. Observation of a fact or of the same facts or events happening under like circumstances.

3. Trial from suffering or enjoyment; suffering itself; the use of the senses; as the experience we have of pain or sickness. We know the effect of light, of smell or of taste by experience. We learn the instability of human affairs by observation or by experience. We learn the value of integrity by experience. Hence,

4. Knowledge derived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of observations.

Experience

EXPE'RIENCE, verb transitive To try by use, by suffering or by enjoyment. Thus we all experience pain, sorrow and pleasure; we experience good and evil; we often experience a change of sentiments and views.

2. To know by practice or trial; to gain knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observations.

Experienced

EXPE'RIENCED, participle passive Tried; used; practiced.

2. adjective Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skilful or wise by means of trials, use or observation; as an experienced artist; an experienced physician.

Experiencer

EXPE'RIENCER, noun One who makes trials or experiments.

Experiencing

EXPE'RIENCING, participle of the present tense Making trial; suffering or enjoying.

Experiment

EXPER'IMENT, noun [Latin experimentum, from experior, as in experience, which see.]

A trial; an act or operation designed to discover some unknown truth, principle or effect, or to establish it when discovered. Experiments in chimistry disclose the qualities of natural bodies. A series of experiments proves the uniformity of the laws of matter. It is not always safe to trust to a single experiment. It is not expedient to try many experiments in legislation.

A political experiment cannot be made in a laboratory, nor determined in a few hours.

J. Adams.

Experiment

EXPER'IMENT, verb intransitive To make trial; to make an experiment; to operate on a body in such a manner as to discover some unknown fact, or to establish it when known. Philosophers experiment on natural bodies for the discovery of their qualities and combinations.

2. To try; to search by trial.

3. To experience. [Not used.]

Locke.

Experiment

EXPER'IMENT, verb transitive To try; to know by trial. [Little used.]

Herbert.

Experimental

EXPERIMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to experiment.

2. Known by experiment or trial; derived from experiment. Experimental knowledge is the most valuable, because it is most certain, and most safely to be trusted.

3. Built on experiments; founded on trial and observations, or on a series of results, the effects of operations; as experimental philosophy.

4. Taught by experience; having personal experience.

Admit to the holy communion such only as profess and appear to be regenerated, and experimental christians.

H. Humphreys.

5. Known by experience; derived from experience; as experimental religion.

Experimentalist

EXPERIMENT'ALIST, noun One who makes experiments.

Burgess.

Experimentally

EXPERIMENT'ALLY, adverb By experiment; by trial; by operation and observation of results.

2. By experience; by suffering or enjoyment. We are all experimentally acquainted with pain and pleasure.

Experimenter

EXPER'IMENTER, noun One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments.

Experimenting

EXPER'IMENTING, participle of the present tense Making experiments or trials.

Expert

EXPERT', adjective [Latin expertus, from experior, to try. See Experience.]

1. Properly, experienced; taught by use, practice or experience; hence, skilful; well instructed; having familiar knowledge of; as an expert philosopher.

2. Dextrous; adroit; ready; prompt; having a facility of operation or performance from practice; as an expert operator in surgery. It is usually followed by in; as expert in surgery; expert in performance on a musical instrument. Pope uses expert of arms, but improperly.

Expertly

EXPERT'LY, adverb In a skilful or dextrous manner; adroitly; with readiness and accuracy.

Expertness

EXPERT'NESS, noun Skill derived from practice; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; as expertness in musical performance; expertness in war or in seamanship; expertness in reasoning.

Expetible

EXPE'TIBLE, adjective [Latin expetibilis.] That may be wished for; desirable. [Not used.]

Expiable

EX'PIABLE, adjective [Latin expiabilis. See Expiate.]

That may be expiated; that may be atoned for and done away; as an expiable offense; expiable guilt.

Expiate

EX'PIATE, verb transitive [Latin expio; ex and pio, to worship, to atone; pius, pious, mild. The primary sense is probably to appease, to pacify, to allay resentment, which is the usual sense of atone in most languages which I have examined. Pio is probably contracted from pico, and from the root of paco, the radical sense of which is to lay, set or fix; the primary sense of peace, pax. Hence the sense of mild in pius. But this opinion is offered only as probable.]

1. To atone for; to make satisfaction for; to extinguish the guilt of a crime by subsequent acts of piety or worship, by which the obligation to punish the crime is canceled. To expiate guilt or a crime, is to perform some act which is supposed to purify the person guilty; or some act which is accepted by the offended party as satisfaction for the injury; that is, some act by which his wrath is appeased, and his forgiveness procured.

2. To make reparation for; as, to expiate an injury.

Clarendon.

3. To avert the threats of prodigies.

Johnson.

Expiated

EX'PIATED, participle passive Atoned for; done away by satisfaction offered and accepted.

Expiating

EX'PIATING, participle of the present tense Making atonement or satisfaction for; destroying or removing guilt, and canceling the obligation to punish.

Expiation

EXPIA'TION, noun [Latin expiatio.] The act of atoning for a crime; the act of making satisfaction for an offense, by which the guilt is done away, and the obligation of the offended person to punish the crime is canceled; atonement; satisfaction. Among pagans and Jews, expiation was made chiefly by sacrifices, or washings and purification. Among christians, expiation for the sins of men is usually considered as made only by the obedience and sufferings of Christ.

2. The means by which atonement for crimes is made; atonement; as sacrifices and purification among heathens, and the obedience and death of Christ among christians.

3. Among ancient heathens, an act by which the threats of prodigies were averted.

Hayward.

Expiatory

EX'PIATORY, adjective Having the power to make atonement or expiation; as an expiatory sacrifice.

Hooker.

Expilation

EXPILA'TION, noun [Latin expilatio, from expilo, to strip; ex and pilo, to peel.]

A stripping; the act of committing waste on land; waste. [Little used.]

Expirable

EXPI'RABLE, adjective [from expire.] That may expire; that may come to an end.

Expiration

EXPIRA'TION, noun [Latin expiratio, from expiro. See Expire.]

1. The act of breathing out, or forcing the air from the lungs. Respiration consists of expiration and inspiration.

2. The last emission of breath; death.

Rambler.

3. The emission of volatile matter from any substance; evaporation; exhalation; as the expiration of warm air from the earth.

4. Matter expired; exhalation; vapor; fume.

Bacon.

5. Cessation; close; end; conclusion; termination of a limited time; as the expiration of a month or year; the expiration of a term of years; the expiration of a lease; the expiration of a contract or agreement.

Expire

EXPI'RE, verb transitive [Latin expiro, for exspiro; ex and spiro, to breathe.]

1. To breathe out; to throw out the breath from the lungs; opposed to inspire. We expire air at every breath.

2. To exhale; to emit in minute particles, as a fluid or volatile matter. The earth expires a damp or warm vapor; the body expires fluid matter from the pores; plants expire odors.

3. To conclude. Obs.

Expire

EXPI'RE, verb intransitive To emit the last breath, as an animal; to die; to breathe the last.

2. To perish; to end; to fail or be destroyed; to come to nothing; to be frustrated. With the loss of battle all his hopes of empire expired.

3. To fly out; to be thrown out with force. [Unusual.]

The ponderous ball expires.

Dryden.

4. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to close or conclude, as a given period. A lease will expire on the first of May. The year expires on Monday. The contract will expire at Michaelmas. The days had not expired.

When forty years had expired. Acts 7.

Expiring

EXPI'RING, participle of the present tense Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.

2. adjective Pertaining to or uttered at the time of dying; as expiring words; expiring groans.

J. Lathrop.

Explain

EXPLA'IN, verb transitive [Latin explano; ex and planus, plain, open, smooth; Spanish explanar; Italian spianare. See Plain.]

To make plain, manifest or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to expound; to illustrate by discourse, or by notes. The first business of a preacher is to explain his text. Notes and comments are intended to explain the scriptures.

Explain

EXPLA'IN, verb intransitive To give explanations.

Explainable

EXPLA'INABLE, adjective That may be cleared of obscurity; capable of being made plain to the understanding; capable of being interpreted.

Brown.

Explained

EXPLA'INED, participle passive Made clear or obvious to the understanding; cleared of doubt, ambiguity or obscurity; expounded; illustrated.

Explainer

EXPLA'INER, noun One who explains; an expositor; a commentator; an interpreter.

Harris.

Explaining

EXPLA'INING, participle of the present tense Expounding; illustrating; interpreting; opening to the understanding; clearing of obscurity.

Explanation

EXPLANA'TION, noun [Latin explanatio.] The act of explaining, expounding or interpreting; exposition; illustration; interpretation; the act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible; as the explanation of a passage in scripture, or of a contract or treaty.

2. The sense given by an expounder or interpreter.

3. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning or motives, with a view to adjust a misunderstanding and reconcile differences. Hence, reconciliation, agreement or good understanding of parties who have been at variance. The parties have come to an explanation.

Explanatory

EXPLAN'ATORY, adjective Serving to explain; containing explanation; as explanatory notes.

Expletion

EXPLE'TION, noun [Latin expletio.] Accomplishment; fulfilment. [Little used.]

Killingbeck.

Expletive

EX'PLETIVE, adjective [French expletif, from Latin expleo, to fill.] Filling; added for supply or ornament.

Expletive

EX'PLETIVE, noun In language, a word or syllable inserted to fill a vacancy, or for ornament. The Greek language abounds with expletives.

Explicable

EX'PLICABLE, adjective [Latin explicabilis. See Explicate.]

1. Explainable; that may be unfolded to the mind; that may be made intelligible. Many difficulties in old authors are not explicable.

2. That may be accounted for. The conduct and measures of the administration are not explicable, by the usual rules of judging.

Explicate

EX'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin explico, to unfold; ex and plico, to fold; French expliquer; Spanish explicar; Italian spiegare.]

1. To unfold; to expand; to open. ``They explicate the leaves.' [In this sense, the word is not common, and hardly admissible.]

Blackmore.

2. To unfold the meaning or sense; to explain; to clear of difficulties or obscurity; to interpret.

The last verse of his last satyr is not yet sufficiently explicated.

Dryden.

Explicated

EX'PLICATED, participle passive Unfolded; explained.

Explicating

EX'PLICATING, participle of the present tense Unfolding; explaining; interpreting.

Explication

EXPLICA'TION, noun The act of opening or unfolding.

2. The act of explaining; explanation; exposition; interpretation; as the explication of the parables of our Savior.

3. The sense given by an expositor or interpreter.

Johnson.

Explicative

EX'PLICATIVE, or EX'PLICATORY, adjective Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the understanding.

Watts.

Explicator

EX'PLICATOR, noun One who unfolds or explains; an expounder.

Explicit

EXPLIC'IT, adjective [Latin explicitus, part. of explico, to unfold.]

1. Literally, unfolded. Hence, plain in language; open to the understanding; clear, not obscure or ambiguous; express, not merely implied. An explicit proposition or declaration is that in which the words, in their common acceptation, express the true meaning of the person who utters them, and in which there is no ambiguity or disguise.

2. Plain; open; clear; unreserved; having no disguised meaning or reservation; applied to persons. He was explicit in his terms.

Explicitly

EXPLIC'ITLY, adverb Plainly; expressly; without duplicity; without disguise or reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication. He explicitly avows his intention.

Explicitness

EXPLIC'ITNESS, noun Plainness of language or expression; clearness; direct expression of ideas or intention, without reserve or ambiguity.

Explode

EXPLO'DE, verb intransitive [Latin explodo; ex and plaudo, to utter a burst of sound, from the root of loud.]

Properly, to burst forth, as sound; to utter a report with sudden violence. Hence, to burst and expand with force and a violent report, as an elastic fluid. We say, gun power explodes, on the application of fire; a volcano explodes; a meteor explodes.

Explode

EXPLO'DE, verb transitive To decry or reject with noise; to express disapprobation of, with noise or marks of contempt; as, to explode a play on the stage. Hence,

2. To reject with any marks of disapprobation or disdain; to treat with contempt, and drive from notice; to drive into disrepute; or in general, to condemn; to reject; to cry down. Astrology is now exploded.

3. To drive out with violence and noise. [Little used.]

The kindled powder exploded the ball.

Blackmore.

Exploded

EXPLO'DED, participle passive Driven away by hisses or noise; rejected with disapprobation or contempt; condemned; cried down.

Exploder

EXPLO'DER, noun One who explodes; a hisser; one who rejects.

Exploding

EXPLO'DING, participle of the present tense Bursting and expanding with force and a violent report; rejecting with marks of disapprobation or contempt; rejecting; condemning.

Exploit

EXPLOIT', noun [French exploit; Norm. exploit, esploit, dispatch; expleiter, to be dispatched, exercised or employed; ploit, dispatch; Armoric espled, espledi, explet.]

1. A deed or act; more especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; a great or noble achievement; as the exploits of Alexander, of Cesar, of Washington. [Exploiture, in a like sense, is not in use.]

2. In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness.

Exploit

EXPLOIT', verb transitive To achieve. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Explorate

EXPLO'RATE, verb transitive To explore. [Not used. See Explore.]

Exploration

EXPLORA'TION, noun [See Explore.] The act of exploring; close search; strict or careful examination.

Boyle.

Explorator

EXPLORA'TOR, noun One who explores; one who searches or examines closely.

Exploratory

EXPLO'RATORY, adjective Serving to explore; searching; examining.

Explore

EXPLO'RE, verb transitive [Latin exploro; ex and ploro, to cry out, to wail, to bawl. The compound appears to convey a very different sense from the simple verb ploro; but the primary sense is to stretch, strain, drive; applied to the voice, it is to strain or press out sounds or words; applied to the eyes, it is to stretch or reach, as in prying curiosity.]

1. To search for making discovery; to view with care; to examine closely by the eyes. Moses sent spies to explore the land of Canaan.

2. To search by any means; to try; as, to explore the deep by a plummet or lead.

3. To search or pry into; to scrutinize; to inquire with care; to examine closely with a view to discover truth; as, to explore the depths of science.

Explored

EXPLO'RED, participle passive Searched; viewed; examined closely.

Explorement

EXPLO'REMENT, noun Search; trial. [Little used.]

Brown.

Exploring

EXPLO'RING, participle of the present tense Searching; viewing; examining with care.

Explosion

EXPLO'SION, n. s as z. [from explode.]

1. A bursting with noise; a bursting or sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with force and a loud report; as the explosion of powder.

2. The discharge of a piece of ordnance with a loud report.

3. The sudden burst of sound in a volcano, &c.

Explosive

EXPLO'SIVE, adjective Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing explosion; as the explosive force of gun-powder.

Woodward.

Expoliation

EXPOLIA'TION, noun [Latin expoliatio.] A spoiling; a wasting. [See Spoliation.]

Expolish

EXPOLISH, for polish, a useless word.

Exponent

EXPO'NENT, noun [Latin exponens; expono, to expose or set forth; ex and pono, to place.]

1. In algebra, the number or figure which, placed above a root at the right hand, denotes how often that root is repeated, or how many multiplications are necessary to produce the power. Thus, asup>2 denotes the second power of the root a, or aa: asup>4 denotes the fourth power. The figure is the exponent or index of the power.

Day's Algebra.

2. The exponent of the ratio or proportion between two numbers or quantities, is the quotient arising when the antecedent is divided by the consequent. Thus six is the exponent of the ratio of thirty to five.

Bailey. Harris. Encyc.

Exponential

EXPONEN'TIAL, a. Exponential curves are such as partake both of the nature of algebraic and transcendental ones. They partake of the former, because they consist of a finite number of terms, though these terms themselves are indeterminate; and they are in some measure transcendental, because they cannot be algebraically constructed.

Harris.

Export

EXPO'RT, verb transitive [Latin exporto; ex and porto, to carry. Porto seems allied to fero, and bear. Class Br.]

To carry out; but appropriately, and perhaps exclusively, to convey or transport, in traffick, produce and goods from one country to another, or from one state or jurisdiction to another, either by water or land. We export wares and merchandize from the United States to Europe. The Northern States export manufactures to South Carolina and Georgia. Goods are exported from Persia to Syria and Egypt on camels.

Export

EX'PORT, noun A commodity actually conveyed from one country or state to another in traffick, or a commodity which may be exported; used chiefly in the plural, exports. We apply the word to goods or produce actually carried abroad, or to such as are usually exported in commerce.

Exportable

EXPO'RTABLE, adjective That may be exported.

Exportation

EXPORTA'TION, noun The act of exporting; the act of conveying goods and productions from one country or state to another in the course of commerce. A country is benefited or enriched by the exportation of its surplus productions.

2. The act of carrying out.

Exported

EXPO'RTED, participle passive Carried out of a country or state in traffick.

Exporter

EXPO'RTER, noun The person who exports; the person who ships goods, wares and merchandize of any kind to a foreign country, or who sends them to market in a distant country or state; opposed to importer.

Exporting

EXPO'RTING, participle of the present tense Conveying to a foreign country or to another state, as goods, produce or manufactures.

Export-Trade

EX'PORT-TRADE, noun The trade which consists in the exportation of commodities.

Exposal

EXPO'SAL, noun Exposure. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Expose

EXPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French exposer; Latin expositum, from expono; ex and pono, to place; Italian esporre, for exponere. The radical sense of pono is to set or place, or rather to throw or thrust down. To expose is to set or throw open, or to thrust forth.]

1. To lay open; to set to public view; to disclose; to uncover or draw from concealment; as, to expose the secret artifices of a court; to expose a plan or design.

2. To make bare; to uncover; to remove from any thing that which guards or protects; as, to expose the head or the breast to the air.

3. To remove from shelter; to place in a situation to be affected or acted on; as, to expose one's self to violent heat.

4. To lay open to attack, by any means; as, to expose an army or garrison.

5. To make liable; to subject; as, to expose one's self to pain, grief or toil; to expose one's self to insult.

6. To put in the power of; as, to expose one's self to the seas.

7. To lay open to censure, ridicule or contempt.

A fool might once himself alone expose.

Pope.

8. To lay open, in almost any manner; as, to expose one's self to examination or scrutiny.

9. To put in danger. The good soldier never shrinks from exposing himself, when duty requires it.

10. To cast out to chance; to place abroad, or in a situation unprotected. Some nations expose their children.

11. To lay open; to make public. Be careful not unnecessarily to expose the faults of a neighbor.

12. To offer; to place in a situation to invite purchasers; as, to expose goods to sale.

13. To offer to inspection; as, to expose paintings in a gallery.

Exposed

EXPO'SED, participle passive Laid open; laid bare; uncovered; unprotected; made liable to attack; offered for sale; disclosed; made public; offered to view.

Exposedness

EXPO'SEDNESS, noun A state of being exposed, open to attack, or unprotected; as an exposedness to sin or temptation.

Edwards.

Exposer

EXPO'SER, noun One who exposes.

Exposing

EXPO'SING, participle of the present tense Lying or laying open; making bare; putting in danger; disclosing; placing in any situation without protection; offering to inspection or to sale.

Exposition

EXPOSI'TION, noun A laying open; a setting to public view.

2. A situation in which a thing is exposed or laid open, or in which it has an unobstructed view, or in which a free passage to it is open; as, a house has an easterly exposition, an exposition to the south or to a southern prospect. The exposition gives a free access to the air or to the sun's rays.

Arbuthnot.

3. Explanation; interpretation; a laying open the sense or meaning of an author, or of any passage in a writing.

Dryden.

Expositive

EXPOS'ITIVE, adjective Explanatory; laying open.

Pearson.

Expositor

EXPOS'ITOR, noun [Latin] One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.

South.

2. A dictionary or vocabulary which explains words.

Encyc.

Expository

EXPOS'ITORY, adjective Serving to explain; tending to illustrate.

Johnson.

Ex post facto. [Latin] In law, done after another thing. An estate granted may be made good by matter ex post facto, which was not good at first.

An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in declaring an act penal or criminal, which was innocent when done; or in raising the grade of an offense, making it greater than it was when committed, or increasing the punishment after the commission of the offense; or in altering the rules of evidence, so as to allow different or less evidence to convict the offender, than was required when the offense was committed.

Sergeant.

An ex post facto law is one that renders an act punishable in a manner in which it was not punishable at the time it was committed.

Cranch, Reports.

This definition is distinguished for its comprehensive brevity and precision.

Kent's Commentaries.

In a free government, no person can be subjected to punishment by an ex post facto law.

Expostulate

EXPOS'TULATE, verb intransitive [Latin expostulo; ex and postulo, to require, probably from the root of posco.]

To reason earnestly with a person, on some impropriety of his conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and urging him to desist, or to make redress; followed by with.

The emperor's embassador expostulated with the king, that he had broken the league with the emperor.

Hayward.

Expostulate

EXPOS'TULATE, verb transitive To discuss; to examine. [Not used.]

Expostulating

EXPOS'TULATING, participle of the present tense Reasoning or urging arguments against any improper conduct.

Expostulation

EXPOSTULA'TION, noun Reasoning with a person in opposition to his conduct; the act of pressing on a person reasons or arguments against the impropriety of his conduct, and in some cases, demanding redress or urging reformation.

2. In rhetoric, an address containing expostulation.

Encyc.

Expostulator

EXPOS'TULATOR, noun One who expostulates.

Expostulatory

EXPOS'TULATORY, adjective Containing expostulation; as an expostulatory address or debate.

Exposure

EXPO'SURE, n. s an z. [from expose.] The act of exposing or laying open.

2. The state of being laid open to view, to danger or to any inconvenience; as exposure to observation; exposure to cold, or to the air; exposure to censure.

3. The situation of a place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of air or light. We say, a building or a garden or a wall has a northern or a southern exposure. We speak of its exposure or exposition to a free current of air, or to the access of light.

Expound

EXPOUND', verb transitive [Latin expono; ex and pono, to set.]

1. To explain; to lay open the meaning; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of scripture; to expound a law.

2. To lay open; to examine; as, to expound the pocket. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Expounded

EXPOUND'ED, participle passive Explained; laid open; interpreted.

Expounder

EXPOUND'ER, noun An explainer; one who interprets or explains the meaning.

Expounding

EXPOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Explaining; laying open; making clear to the understanding; interpreting.

Ex-Prefect

EX-PRE'FECT, noun A prefect out of office; one who has been a prefect and is displaced.

Ex-President

EX-PRES'IDENT, noun One who has been president, but is no longer in the office.

Express

EXPRESS', verb transitive [Spanish expresar; Portugese expressar; Latin expressum, exprimo; ex and premo, to press. See Press.]

1. To press or squeeze out; to force out by pressure; as, to express the juice of grapes or of apples.

2. To utter; to declare in words; to speak. He expressed his ideas or his meaning with precision. His views were expressed in very intelligible terms.

3. To write or engrave; to represent in written words or language. The covenants in the deed are well expressed.

4. To represent; to exhibit by copy or resemblance.

So kids and whelps their sires and dams express.

Dryden.

5. To represent or show by imitation or the imitative arts; to form a likeness; as in painting or sculpture.

Each skilful artist shall express thy form.

Smith.

6. To show or make known; to indicate. A downcast eye or look may express humility, shame or guilt.

7. To denote; to designate.

Moses and Aaron took these men, who are expressed by their names. Numbers 1.

8. To extort; to elicit. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Express

EXPRESS', adjective Plain; clear; expressed; direct; not ambiguous. We are informed in express terms or words. The terms of the contract are express.

2. Given in direct terms; not implied or left to inference. This is the express covenant or agreement. We have his express consent. We have an express law on the subject. Express warranty; express malice.

3. Copied; resembling; bearing an exact representation.

His face express.

Milton.

4. Intended or sent for a particular purpose, or on a particular errand; as, to send a messenger express.

Express

EXPRESS', noun A messenger sent on a particular errand or occasion; usually, a courier sent to communicate information of an important event, or to deliver important dispatches. It is applied also to boats or vessels sent to convey important information.

Clarendon. Dryden.

2. A message sent.

King Charles.

3. A declaration in plain terms. [Not in use.]

Norris.

Expressed

EXPRESS'ED, participle passive Squeezed or forced out, as juice or liquor; uttered in words; set down in writing or letters; declared; represented; shown.

Expressible

EXPRESS'IBLE, adjective That may be expressed; that may be uttered, declared, shown or represented.

2. That may be squeezed out.

Expressing

EXPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Forcing out by pressure; uttering; declaring; showing; representing.

Expression

EXPRES'SION, noun The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure, as juices and oils from plants.

2. The act of uttering, declaring or representing; utterance; declaration; representation; as an expression of the public will.

3. A phrase, or mode of speech; as an old expression; an odd expression.

4. In rhetoric, elocution; diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suited to the subject and sentiment.

No adequate description can be given of the nameless and ever varying shades of expression which real pathos gives to the voice.

Porter's Analysis.

5. In painting, a natural and lively representation of the subject; as the expression of the eye, of the countenance, or of a particular action or passion.

6. In music, the tone, grace or modulation of voice or sound suited to any particular subject; that manner which gives life and reality to ideas and sentiments.

7. Theatrical expression, is a distinct, sonorous and pleasing pronunciation, accompanied with action suited to the subject.

Expressive

EXPRESS'IVE, adjective Serving to express; serving to utter or represent; followed by of. He sent a letter couched in terms expressive of his gratitude.

Each verse so swells expressive of her woes.

Tickel.

2. Representing with force; emphatical. These words are very expressive.

3. Showing; representing; as an expressive sign.

Expressively

EXPRESS'IVELY, adverb In an expressive manner; clearly; fully; with a clear representation.

Expressiveness

EXPRESS'IVENESS, noun The quality of being expressive; the power of expression or representation by words.

2. The power or force of representation; the quality of presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind; as the expressiveness of the eye, or of the features, or of sounds.

Expressly

EXPRESS'LY, adverb In direct terms; plainly.

Expressure

EXPRESS'URE, noun Expression; utterance; representation; mark; impression. [Little used.]

Shak.

Exprobrate

EX'PROBRATE, verb transitive [Latin exprobro; ex and probrum, deformity, a shameful act.]

To upbraid; to censure as reproachful; to blame; to condemn.

Brown.

Exprobration

EXPROBRA'TION, noun The act of charging or censuring reproachfully; reproachful accusation; the act of upbraiding.

No need such boasts, or exprobrations false Of cowardice.

Philips.

Exprobrative

EXPROBRA'TIVE, adjective Upbraiding; expressing reproach.

Sherley.

Expropriate

EXPRO'PRIATE, verb transitive [Latin ex and proprius, own.]

To disengage from appropriation; to hold no longer as one's own; to give up a claim to exclusive property.

Boyle.

Expropriation

EXPROPRIA'TION, noun The act of discarding appropriation, or declining to hold as one's own; the surrender of a claim to exclusive property.

Walsh.

Expugn

EXPU'GN, v. t. expu'ne. [Latin expugno; ex and pugno, to fight.] To conquer; to take by assault.

Johnson.

Expugnable

EXPU'GNABLE, adjective That may be forced.

Expugnation

EXPUGNA'TION, noun Conquest; the act of taking by assault.

Sandys.

Expugner

EXPU'GNER, noun One who subdues.

Sherwood.

Expulse

EXPULSE, v. t. expuls'. [French expulser, from Latin expulsus, expello; ex and pello, to drive.]

To drive out; to expel. [Little used.]

Shak. Bacon.

Expulsion

EXPUL'SION, noun The act of driving out or expelling; a driving away by violence; as the expulsion of the thirty tyrants from Athens, or of Adam from paradise.

2. The state of being driven out or away.

Expulsive

EXPUL'SIVE, adjective Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel.

Wiseman.

Expunction

EXPUNC'TION, noun [See Expunge.] The act of expunging; the act of blotting out or erasing.

Milton.

Expunge

EXPUNGE, v. t. expunj'. [Latin expungo; ex and pungo, to thrust, to prick.]

1. To blot out, as with a pen; to rub out; to efface, as words; to obliterate. We expunge single words or whole lines or sentences.

2. To efface; to strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; as, to expunge an offense.

Sandys.

Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts.

Pope.

Expunged

EXPUN'GED, participle passive Blotted out; obliterated; destroyed.

Expunging

EXPUN'GING, participle of the present tense Blotting out; erasing; effacing; destroying.

Expurgate

EX'PURGATE, verb transitive [Latin expurgo; ex and purgo, to cleanse.]

To purge; to cleanse; to purify from any thing noxious, offensive or erroneous.

Faber.

Expurgated

EX'PURGATED, participle passive Purged; cleansed; purified.

Expurgating

EX'PURGATING, participle of the present tense Purging; cleansing; purifying.

Expurgation

EX'PURGA'TION, noun The act of purging or cleansing; evacuation.

Wiseman.

2. A cleansing; purification from any thing noxious, offensive, sinful or erroneous.

Brown.

Expurgator

EX'PURGATOR, noun One who expurgates or purifies.

Expurgatory

EXPURG'ATORY, adjective Cleansing; purifying; serving to purify from any thing noxious or erroneous; as the expurgatory index of the Romanists, which directs the expunction of passages of authors contrary to their creed or principles.

Expurgatory animadversions.

Brown.

Expurge

EXPURGE, v. t. expurj'. [Latin expurgo.] To purge away. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Exquire

EXQUI'RE, verb transitive [Latin exquiro.] To search into or out. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Exquisite

EX'QUISITE, a. s as z. [Latin exquisitus, from exquiro; ex and quoero, to seek.] Literally, sought out or searched for with care; whence, choice; select. Hence,

1. Nice; exact; very excellent; complete; as a vase of exquisite workmanship.

2. Nice; accurate; capable of nice perception; as exquisite sensibility.

3. Nice; accurate; capable of nice discrimination; as exquisite judgment, taste or discernment.

4. Being in the highest degree; extreme; as, to relish pleasure in an exquisite degree. So we say, exquisite pleasure or pain.

The most exquisite of human satisfactions flows from an approving conscience.

J. M. Mason.

5. Very sensibly felt; as a painful and exquisite impression on the nerves.

Cheyne.

Exquisitely

EX'QUISITELY, adverb Nicely; accurately; with great perfection; as a work exquisitely finished; exquisitely written.

2. With keen sensation or with nice perception. We feel pain more exquisitely when nothing diverts our attention from it.

We see more exquisitely with one eye shut.

Bacon.

Exquisiteness

EX'QUISITENESS, noun Nicety; exactness; accuracy; completeness; perfection; as the exquisiteness of workmanship.

2. Keenness; sharpness; extremity; as the exquisiteness of pain or grief.

Exquisitive

EXQUIS'ITIVE, adjective Curious; eager to discover. [Not in use.]

Exquisitively

EXQUIS'ITIVELY, adverb Curiously; minutely. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

Ex-Representative

EX-REPRESENT'ATIVE, noun One who has been formerly a representative, but is no longer one.

Exsanguious

EXSAN'GUIOUS, adjective [Latin exsanguis; ex and sanguis, blood.]

Destitute of blood, or rather of red blood, as an animal.

Encyc.

Exscind

EXSCIND', verb transitive [Latin exscindo.] To cut off. [Little used.]

Exscribe

EXSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin exscribo.] To copy; to transcribe. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Exscript

EX'SCRIPT, noun A copy; a transcript. [Not used.]

Ex-Secretary

EX-SEC'RETARY, noun One who has been secretary, but is no longer in office.

Exsection

EXSEC'TION, noun [Latin exsectio.] A cutting off, or a cutting out.

Darwin.

Ex-Senator

EX-SEN'ATOR, noun One who has been a senator, but is no longer one.

Exsert

EXSERT', or EXSERT'ED, adjective [Latin exsero; ex and sero. See Exert.] Standing out; protruded from the corol; as stamens exsert.

Eaton.

A small portion of the basal edge of the shell exserted.

Barnes.

Exsertile

EXSERT'ILE, adjective That may be thrust out or protruded.

Fleming.

Exsiccant

EXSIC'CANT, adjective [See Exsiccate.] Drying; evaporating moisture; having the quality of drying.

Exsiccate

EX'SICCATE, verb transitive [Latin exsicco; ex and sicco, to dry.]

To dry; to exhaust or evaporate moisture.

Brown. Mortimer.

Exsiccated

EX'SICCATED, participle passive Dried.

Exsiccating

EX'SICCATING, participle of the present tense Drying; evaporating moisture.

Exsiccation

EXSICCA'TION, noun The act or operation of drying; evaporation of moisture; dryness.

Brown.

Exspuition

EXSPUI'TION, or EXPUI'TION, noun [Latin expuo for exspuo.] A discharge of saliva by spitting.

Darwin.

Exstipulate

EXSTIP'ULATE, adjective [Latin ex and stipula, straw.] In botany, having no stipules.

Martyn.

Exsuccous

EXSUC'COUS, adjective [Latin exsuccus; ex and succus, juice.] Destitute of juice; dry.

Brown.

Exsuction

EXSUC'TION, noun [Latin exugo, exsugo, to suck out; sugo, to suck.] The act of sucking out.

Boyle.

Exsudation

EXSUDA'TION, noun [Latin exudo, for exsudo.] A sweating; a discharge of humors or moisture from animal bodies by sweat or extillation through the pores.

2. The discharge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, &c.

Exsude

EXSU'DE, verb transitive [supra.] To discharge the moisture or juices of a living body through the pores; also, to discharge the liquid matter of a plant by incisions.

Our forests exude turpentine in the greatest abundance.

Dwight.

Exsude

EXSU'DE, verb intransitive To flow from a living body through the pores or by a natural discharge, as juice.

Exsuded

EXSU'DED, participle passive Emitted, as juice.

Exsuding

EXSU'DING, participle of the present tense Discharging, as juice.

Exsufflation

EXSUFFLA'TION, noun [Latin ex and sufflo, to blow.]

1. A blowing or blast from beneath. [Little used.]

Bacon.

2. A kind of exorcism.

Fulke.

Exsuffolate

EXSUF'FOLATE, adjective Contemptible. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Exsuscitate

EXSUS'CITATE, verb transitive [Latin exsuscito.] To rouse; to excite. [Not used.]

Exsuscitation

EXSUSCITA'TION, noun A stirring up; a rousing. [Not used.]

Hallywell.

Extance

EX'TANCE, noun [Latin extans.] Outward existence. [Not used.]

Brown.

Extancy

EX'TANCY, noun [Latin exstans, extans, standing out, from exsto; ex and sto, to stand.]

1. The state of rising above others.

2. Parts rising above the rest; opposed to depression. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Extant

EX'TANT, adjective [Latin exstans, extans, supra.] Standing out or above any surface; protruded.

That part of the teeth which is extant above the gums.

Ray.

A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly extant.

Bentley.

2. In being; now subsisting; not suppressed, destroyed, or lost. A part only of the history of Livy, and of the writings of Cicero, is now extant. Socrates wrote much, but none of his writings are extant. The extant works of orators and philosophers.

Mitford.

Extasy

EXTASY, EXTATIC, [See Ecstasy, Ecstatic.]

Extemporal

EXTEM'PORAL, adjective [Latin extemporalis; ex and tempus, time.] Made or uttered at the moment, without premeditation; as an extemporal discourse.

Hooker. Wotton.

2. Speaking without premeditation.

B. Jonson.

Instead of this word. extemporaneous and extemporary are now used.

Extemporally

EXTEM'PORALLY, adverb Without premeditation.

Shak.

Extemporanean

EXTEMPORA'NEAN, adjective [Not used. See Extemporaneous.]

Extemporaneous

EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin extemporaneus; ex and tempus, time.]

Composed, performed or uttered at the time the subject occurs, without previous study; unpremeditated; as an extemporaneous address; an extemporaneous production; an extemporaneous prescription.

Extemporaneously

EXTEMPORA'NEOUSLY, adverb Without previous study.

Extemporarily

EXTEM'PORARILY, adverb Without previous study.

Extemporary

EXTEM'PORARY, adjective [Latin ex and temporarius, from tempus, time.]

Composed, performed or uttered without previous study or preparation. [See Extemporaneous.]

Extempore

EXTEM'PORE, adv. extem'pory. [Latin abl.]

1. Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; suddently; as, to write or speak extempore.

2. It is used as an adjective, improperly, at least without necessity; as an extempore dissertation.

Addison.

Extemporiness

EXTEM'PORINESS, noun The state of being unpremeditated; the state of being composed, performed or uttered without previous study.

Johnson.

Extemporize

EXTEM'PORIZE, verb intransitive To speak extempore; to speak without previous study or preparation. To extemporize well requires a ready mind well furnished with knowledge.

2. To discourse without notes or written composition.

Extemporizer

EXTEM'PORIZER, noun One who speaks without previous study, or written composition.

Extemporizing

EXTEM'PORIZING, participle of the present tense Speaking without previous study, or preparation by writing.

The extemporizing faculty is never more out of its element than in the pulpit.

South.

Extend

EXTEND', verb transitive [Latin extendo; ex and tendo, from Greek, Latin teneo; French ctendre; Italian stendere; Spanish extender; Armoric astenna; Welsh estyn, from tynu, to pull, or tyn, a pull, a stretch.]

1. To stretch in any direction; to carry forward, or continue in length, as a line; to spread in breadth; to expand or dilate in size. The word is particularly applied to length and breadth. We extend lines in surveying; we extend roads, limits, bounds; we extend metal plates by hammering.

2. To stretch; to reach forth; as, to extend the arm or hand.

3. To spread; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; as, to extend the capacities, or intellectual powers; to extend the sphere of usefulness; to extend commerce.

4. To continue; to prolong; as, to extend the time of payment; to extend the season of trial.

5. To communicate; to bestow on; to use or exercise towards.

He hath extended mercy to me before the king. Ez. 7.

6. To impart; to yield or give.

I will extend peace to her like a river. Isaiah 66.

7. In law, to value lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, as an execution.

The execution was delivered to the sheriff, who extended the same on certain real estate.

Mass. Rep.

Extend

EXTEND', verb intransitive To stretch; to reach; to be continued in length or breadth. The state of Massachusetts extends west to the border of the state of New York. Connecticut river extends from Canada to the sound. How far will your argument or proposition extend? Let our charities extend to the heathen.

Extended

EXTEND'ED, participle passive Stretched; spread; expanded; enlarged; bestowed on; communicated; valued under a writ of extendifacias; levied.

Extender

EXTEND'ER, noun He or that which extends or stretches.

Extendible

EXTEND'IBLE, adjective Capable of being extended; that may be stretched, extended, enlarged, widened or expanded.

2. That may be taken by a writ of extent and valued.

Extending

EXTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Stretching; reaching; continuing in length; spreading; enlarging; valuing.

Extendlessness

EXTEND'LESSNESS, noun Unlimited extension. [Not used.]

Hale.

Extensibility

EXTENS'IBILITY, noun [from extensible.] The capacity of being extended, or of suffering extension; as the extensibility of a fiber, or of a plate of metal.

Grew.

Extensible

EXTENS'IBLE, adjective [from Latin extensus.] That may be extended; capable of being stretched in length or breadth; susceptible of enlargement.

Holder.

Extensibleness

EXTENS'IBLENESS, noun Extensibility, which see.

Extensile

EXTENS'ILE, adjective Capable of being extended.

Extension

EXTEN'SION, noun [Latin extensio.] The act of extending; a stretching.

2. The state of being extended; enlargement in breadth, or continuation of length.

3. In philosophy, that property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space.

Extensional

EXTEN'SIONAL, adjective Having great extent. [Not used.]

More.

Extensive

EXTENS'IVE, adjective Wide; large; having great enlargement or extent; as an extensive farm; an extensive field; an extensive lake; an extensive sphere of operations; extensive benevolence.

2. That may be extended. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Extensively

EXTENS'IVELY, adverb Widely; largely; to a great extent; as, a story is extensively circulated.

Extensiveness

EXTENS'IVENESS, noun Wideness; largeness; extent; as the extensiveness of the ocean.

2. Extent; diffusiveness; as the extensiveness of a man's charities or benevolence.

3. Capacity of being extended. [Little used.]

Ray.

Extensor

EXTENS'OR, noun In anatomy, a muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body, as an arm or a finger; opposed to flexor.

Coxe. Cyc.

Extent

EXTENT', adjective Extended.

Spenser.

Extent

EXTENT', noun [Latin extentus. It is frequently accented on the first syllable.]

1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, compass; bulk; size; as a great extent of country, or of body.

2. Length; as an extent of line.

3. Communication; distribution.

The extent of equal justice.

Shak.

4. In law, a writ of execution or extendi facias, commanding a sheriff to value the lands of a debtor; or extent is the act of the sheriff or commissioner in making the valuation.

Encyc.

Extenuate

EXTEN'UATE, verb transitive [Latin extenuo; ex and tenuo, to make thin; Spanish extenuar; Italian stenuare. See Thin.]

1. To make thin, lean or slender. Sickness extenuates the body.

Encyc.

2. To lessen; to diminish; as a crime or guilt.

But fortune there extenuates the crime.

Dryden.

3. To lessen in representation; to palliate; opposed to aggravate.

4. To lessen or diminish in honor. [Little used.]

Milton.

5. To make thin or rare; opposed to condense. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Extenuate

EXTEN'UATE, adjective Thin; slender; [Not used.]

Extenuated

EXTEN'UATED, participle passive Made thin, lean or slender; made smaller; lessened; diminished; palliated; made rare.

Extenuating

EXTEN'UATING, participle of the present tense Making thin or slender; lessening; diminishing; palliating; making rare.

Extenuation

EXTENUA'TION, noun The act of making thin; the process of growing thin or lean; the losing of flesh.

2. The act representing any thing less wrong, faulty or criminal than it is in fact; palliation; opposed to aggravation; as the extenuation of faults, injuries or crimes.

3. Mitigation; alleviation; as the extenuation of punishment. [Not common.]

Atterbury.

Exterior

EXTE'RIOR, adjective [Latin from exterus, foreign; French exterieur; Italian esteriore.]

1. External; outward; applied to the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to interior. We speak of the exterior and interior surfaces of a concavo-convex lens.

2. External; on the outside, with reference to a person; extrinsic. We speak of an object exterior to a man, as opposed to that which is within or in his mind.

3. Foreign; relating to foreign nations; as the exterior relations of a state or kingdom.

Exterior

EXTE'RIOR, noun The outward surface; that which is external.

2. Outward or visible deportment; appearance.

Exteriorly

EXTE'RIORLY, adverb Outwardly; externally. [An ill formed word.]

Shak.

Exteriors

EXTE'RIORS, n. plu. The outward parts of a thing.

Shak.

2. Outward or external deportment, or forms and ceremonies; visible acts; as the exteriors of religion.

Exterminate

EXTERM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin extermino; ex and terminus, limit.] Literally, to drive from within the limits or borders. Hence,

1. To destroy utterly; to drive away; to extirpate; as, to exterminate a colony, a tribe or a nation; to exterminate inhabitants or a race of men.

2. To eradicate; to root out; to extirpate; as, to exterminate error, heresy, infidelity or atheism; to exterminate vice.

3. To root out, as plants; to extirpate; as, to exterminate weeds.

4. In algebra, to take away; as, to exterminate surds or unknown quantities.

Exterminated

EXTERM'INATED, participle passive Utterly driven away or destroyed; eradicated; extirpated.

Exterminating

EXTERM'INATING, participle of the present tense Driving away or totally destroying; eradicating; extirpating.

Extermination

EXTERMINA'TION, noun The act of exterminating; total expulsion or destruction; eradication; extirpation; excision; as the extermination of inhabitants or tribes, of error or vice, or of weeds from a field.

2. In algebra, a taking away.

Exterminator

EXTERM'INATOR, noun He or that which exterminates.

Exterminatory

EXTERM'INATORY, adjective Serving or tending to exterminate.

Burke.

Extermine

EXTERM'INE, verb transitive To exterminate. [Not used.]

Shak.

Extern

EXTERN', adjective [Latin externus.] External; outward; visible.

Shak.

2. Without itself; not inherent; not intrinsic. [Little used.]

Digby.

External

EXTERN'AL, adjective [Latin externus; Italian esterno; Spanish externo.]

1. Outward; exterior; as the external surface of a body; opposed to internal.

2. Outward; not intrinsic; not being within; as external objects; external causes or effects.

3. Exterior; visible; apparent; as external deportment.

4. Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.

External taxes, are duties or imposts laid on goods imported into a country.

Federalist.

Externality

EXTERNAL'ITY, noun External perception.

A. Smith.

Externally

EXTERN'ALLY, adverb Outwardly; on the outside.

2. In appearance; visibly.

Externals

EXTERN'ALS, n. plu. The outward parts; exterior form.

Adam was no less glorious in his externals; he had a beautiful body, as well as an immortal soul.

South.

2. Outward rites and ceremonies; visible forms; as the externals of religion.

Exterraneous

EXTERRA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin exterraneus; ex and terra, a land.]

Foreign; belonging to or coming from abroad.

Extersion

EXTER'SION, noun [Latin extersio, from extergeo; ex and tergeo, to wipe.] The act of wiping or rubbing out.

Extill

EXTILL', verb intransitive [Latin extillo; ex and stillo, to drop.] To drop or distil from.

Extillation

EXTILLA'TION, noun The act of distilling from, or falling from in drops.

Extimulate

EXTIMULATE. [Not in use.] [See Stimulate.]

Extimulation

EXTIMULATION. [See Stimulation.]

Extinct

EXTINCT', adjective [Latin extinctus. See Extinguish.]

1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, fire, light or a lamp is extinct.

2. Being at an end; having no survivor; as, a family or race is extinct.

3. Being at an end; having ceased. The enmity between the families is extinct.

My days are extinct. Job 17.

4. Being at an end, by abolition or disuse; having no force; as, the law is extinct.

Extinction

EXTINC'TION, noun [Latin extinctio. See Extinguish.]

1. The act of putting out or destroying light or fire, by quenching, suffocation or otherwise.

2. The state of being extinguished, quenched or suffocated; as the extinction of fire or of a candle.

3. Destruction; excision; as the extinction of nations.

4. Destruction; suppression; a putting an end to; as the extinction of life, or of a family; the extinction of feuds, jealousies or enmity; the extinction of a claim.

Extinguish

EXTIN'GUISH, verb transitive [Latin extinguo; ex and stingo, stinguo, or the latter may be a contraction; Greek for, to prick, that is, to thrust; or more directly from tingo, to dip, to stain; both probably allied to tango, for tago, to touch. French eteindre; Italian estinguere; Spanish extinguir. See Class Dg. No 19. 31. 40.]

1. To put out; to quench; to suffocate; to destroy; as, to extinguish fire or flame.

2. To destroy; to put an end to; as, to extinguish love or hatred in the breast; to extinguish desire or hope; to extinguish a claim or title.

3. To cloud or obscure by superior splendor.

Shak.

4. To put an end to, by union or consolidation. [See Extinguishment.]

Extinguishable

EXTIN'GUISHABLE, adjective That may be quenched, destroyed or suppressed.

Extinguished

EXTIN'GUISHED, participle passive Put out; quenched; stifled; suppressed; destroyed.

Extinguisher

EXTIN'GUISHER, noun He or that which extinguishes.

2. A hollow conical utensil to be put on a candle to extinguish it.

Extinguishing

EXTIN'GUISHING, participle of the present tense Putting out; quenching; suppressing; destroying.

Extinguishment

EXTIN'GUISHMENT, noun The act of putting out or quenching; extinction; suppression; destruction; as the extinguishment of fire or flame; of discord, enmity or jealousy; or of love or affection.

2. Abolition; nullification.

Divine laws of christian church polity may not be altered by extinguishment.

Hooker.

3. Extinction; a putting an end to, or a coming to an end; termination; as the extinguishment of a race or tribe.

4. The putting an end to a right or estate, by consolidation or union.

If my tenant for life makes a lease to A for life, remainder to B and his heirs, and I release to A; this release operates as an extinguishment of my right to the reversion.

Blackstone.

Extirp

EXTIRP', verb transitive To extirpate. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Extirpable

EXTIRP'ABLE, adjective That may be eradicated.

Evelyn.

Extirpate

EX'TIRPATE, verb transitive [Latin extirpo; ex and stirps, root; Italian estirpare.]

1. To pull or pluck up by the roots; to root out; to eradicate; to destroy totally; as, to extirpate weeds or noxious plants from a field.

2. To eradicate; to root out; to destroy wholly; as, to extirpate error or heresy; to extirpate a sect.

3. In surgery, to cut out; to cut off; to eat out; to remove; as, to extirpate a wen.

Extirpated

EX'TIRPATED, participle passive Plucked up by the roots; rooted out; eradicated; totally destroyed.

Extirpating

EX'TIRPATING, participle of the present tense Pulling up or out by the roots; eradicating; totally destroying.

Extirpation

EXTIRPA'TION, noun The act of rooting out; eradication; excision; total destruction; as the extirpation of weeds from land; the extirpation of evil principles from the heart; the extirpation of a race of men; the extirpation of heresy.

Extirpator

EX'TIRPATOR, noun One who roots out; a destroyer.

Extol

EXTOL', verb transitive [Latin extollo; ex and tollo, to raise, Chaldee, or Hebrew and Chaldee. Class Dl. No. 3. 18. 28.]

To raise in words or eulogy; to praise; to exalt in commendation; to magnify. We extol virtues, noble exploits, and heroism. Men are too much disposed to extol the rich and despise the poor.

Extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name Jah. Psalm 68.

Extolled

EXTOL'LED, participle of the present tense Exalted in commendation; praised; magnified.

Extoller

EXTOL'LER, noun One who praises or magnifies; a praiser or magnifier.

Extolling

EXTOL'LING, participle of the present tense Praising; exalting by praise or commendation; magnifying.

Extorsive

EXTORS'IVE, adjective [See Extort.] Serving to extort; tending to draw from by compulsion.

Extorsively

EXTORS'IVELY, adverb In an extorsive manner; by extortion.

Extort

EXTORT', verb transitive [Latin extortus, from extorqueo, to wrest from; ex and torqueo, to twist; French extorquer.]

1. To draw from by force or compulsion; to wrest or wring from by physical force, by menace, duress, violence, authority, or by any illegal means. Conquerors extort contributions from the vanquished; tyranical princes extort money from their subjects; officers often extort illegal fees; confessions of guilt are extorted by the rack. A promise extorted by duress is not binding.

2. To gain by violence or oppression.

Spenser.

Extort

EXTORT', verb intransitive To practice extortion.

Spenser. Davies.

Extorted

EXTORT'ED, participle passive Drawn from by compulsion; wrested from.

Extorter

EXTORT'ER, noun One who extorts, or practices extortion.

Camden.

Extorting

EXTORT'ING, participle of the present tense Wresting from by force or undue exercise of power.

Extortion

EXTOR'TION, noun The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting any thing from a person by force, duress, menaces, authority, or by any undue exercise of power; illegal exaction; illegal compulsion to pay money, or to do some other act. Extortion is an offense punishable at common law.

2. Force or illegal compulsion by which any thing is taken from a person.

King Charles.

Extortioner

EXTOR'TIONER, noun One who practices extortion.

Extortioners shall not inherit the kingdom of God. 1 Corinthians 6.

Extortious

EXTOR'TIOUS, adjective Oppressive; violent; unjust.

Extra

EXTRA, a Latin preposition, denoting beyond or excess; as extra-work, extra-pay, work or pay beyond what is usual or agreed on.

Extract

EXTRACT', verb transitive [Latin extractus, from extraho; ex and traho, to draw. See Draw and Drag. Spanish extraer; Italian estrarre; French extraire.]

1. To draw out; as, to extract a tooth.

2. To draw out, as the juices or essence of a substance, by distillation, solution or other means; as, to extract spirit from the juice of the cane; to extract salts from ashes.

3. To take out; to take from.

Woman is her name, of man Extracted.

Milton.

4. To take out or select a part; to take a passage or passages from a book or writing.

I have extracted from the pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods.

Swift.

5. In a general sense, to draw from by any means or operation.

Extract

EX'TRACT, noun That which is extracted or drawn from something.

1. In literature, a passage taken from a book or writing.

Camden.

2. In pharmacy, any thing drawn from a substance, as essences, tinctures, &c.; or a solution of the purer parts of a mixed body inspissated by distillation or evaporation, nearly to the consistence of honey.

Encyc. Quincy.

Any substance obtained by digesting vegetable substances in water, and evaporating them to a solid consistence.

Webster's Manual.

3. In chimistry, a peculiar principle, supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; called also the extractive principle.

Webster's Manual.

4. Extraction; descent. [Not now used.]

South.

Extracted

EXTRACT'ED, participle passive Drawn or taken out.

Extracting

EXTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing or taking out.

Extraction

EXTRAC'TION, noun [Latin extractio.] The act of drawing out; as the extraction of a tooth; the extraction of a bone or an arrow from the body; the extraction of a fetus or child in midwifery.

2. Descent; lineage; birth; derivation of persons from a stock or family. Hence, the stock or family from which one has descended. We say, a man is of a noble extraction.

3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing essences, tinctures, &c. from a substance.

Encyc.

4. In arithmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity; also, the method or rule by which the operation is performed.

Extractive

EXTRACT'IVE, adjective That may be extracted.

Kirwan.

Extractive

EXTRACT'IVE, noun The proximate principle of vegetable extracts.

Parr.

Extractor

EXTRACT'OR, noun In midwifery, a forceps or instrument for extracting children.

Extradictionary

EXTRADIC'TIONARY, adjective [Latin extra and dictio.] Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Not used.]

Brown.

Extrafoliaceous

EXTRAFOLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin extra, on the outside, and folium, a leaf.]

In botany, growing on the outside of a leaf; as extrafoliaceous stipules.

Martyn.

Extrageneous

EXTRAGE'NEOUS, adjective [Latin extra and genus, kind.] Belonging to another kind.

Extrajudicial

EXTRAJUDI'CIAL, adjective [extra, without, and judicial.]

Out of the proper court, or the ordinary course of legal procedure.

Encyc.

Extrajudicially

EXTRAJUDI'CIALLY, adverb In a manner out of the ordinary course of legal proceedings.

Ayliffe.

Extralimitary

EXTRALIM'ITARY, adjective [extra and limit.] Being beyond the limit or bounds; as extralimitary land.

Mitford.

Extramission

EXTRAMIS'SION, noun [Latin extra and mitto, to send.] A sending out; emission.

Brown.

Extramundane

EXTRAMUN'DANE, adjective [Latin extra and mundus, the world.] Beyond the limit of the material world.

Glanville.

Extraneous

EXTRA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin extraneus.] Foreign; not belonging to a thing; existing without; not intrinsic; as, to separate gold from extraneous matter.

Relation is not contained in the real existence of things, but is extraneous and superinduced.

Locke.

Extraneous fossils, organic remains; exuviae of organized beings, imbedded in the strata of the earth.

Cyc.

Extraordinaries

EXTRAOR'DINARIES, n. plu. Things which exceed the usual order, kind or method. Rarely used in the singular.

Extraordinarily

EXTRAOR'DINARILY, adv. extror'dinarily. [See Extraordinary.]

In a manner out of the ordinary or usual method; beyond the common course, limits or order; in an uncommon degree; remarkably; particularly; eminently.

The temple of Solomon was extraordinarily magnificent.

Wilkins.

Extraordinariness

EXTRAOR'DINARINESS, noun Uncommonness; remarkableness.

Extraordinary

EXTRAOR'DINARY, a. extror'dinary. [Latin extraordinarius; extra and ordinarius, usual, from ordo, order.]

1. Beyond or out of the common order or method; not in the usual, customary or regular course; not ordinary. Extraordinary evils require extraordinary remedies.

2. Exceeding the common degree or measure; hence, remarkable; uncommon; rare; wonderful; as the extraordinary talents of Shakspeare; the extraordinary powers of Newton; an edifice of extraordinary grandeur.

3. Special; particular; sent for a special purpose, or on a particular occasion; as an extraordinary courier or messenger; an embassador extraordinary; a gazette extraordinary.

Extraparochial

EXTRAPARO'CHIAL, adjective [extra and parochial.] Not within the limits of any parish.

Blackstone.

Extraprofessional

EXTRAPROFES'SIONAL, adjective [extra and professional.]

Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of professional duty or business.

Molina was an ecclesiastic, and these studies were extraprofessional.

Med. Repos.

Extraprovincial

EXTRAPROVIN'CIAL, adjective [extra and provincial.] Not within the same province; not within the jurisdiction of the same archbishop.

Ayliffe.

Extraregular

EXTRAREG'ULAR, adjective [extra and regular.] Not comprehended within a rule or rules.

Taylor.

Extraterritorial

EXTRATERRITO'RIAL, adjective Being beyond or without the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction.

Hunter, Wheaton's Rep.

Extraught

EXTRAUGHT, old participle passive of extract.

Obs.

Extravagance

EXTRAV'AGANCE, or EXTRAV'AGANCY, adjective [Latin extra and vagans; vagor, to wander. See Vague.]

1. Literally, a wandering beyond a limit; an excursion or sally from the usual way, course or limit.

Hammond.

2. In writing or discourse, a going beyond the limits of strict truth, or probability; as extravagance of expression or description.

3. Excess of affection, passion or appetite; as extravagance of love, anger, hatred or hunger.

4. Excess in expenditures of property; the expending of money without necessity, or beyond what is reasonable or proper; dissipation.

The income of three dukes was not enough to supply her extravagance.

Arbuthnot.

5. In general, any excess or wandering from prescribed limits; irregularity; wildness; as the extravagance of imagination; extravagance of claims or demands.

Extravagant

EXTRAV'AGANT, adjective Literally, wandering beyond limits.

Shak.

2. Excessive; exceeding due bounds; unreasonable. The wishes, demands, desires and passions of men are often extravagant.

3. Irregular; wild; not within ordinary limits of truth or probability, or other usual bounds; as extravagant flights of fancy.

There is something nobly wild and extravagant in great geniuses.

Addison.

4. Exceeding necessity or propriety; wasteful; prodigal; as extravagant expenses; an extravagant mode of living.

5. Prodigal; profuse in expenses; as an extravagant man.

He that is extravagant will quickly become poor, and poverty will enforce dependence, and invite corruption.

Rambler.

Extravagant

EXTRAV'AGANT, noun One who is confined to no general rule.

L'Estrange.

Extravagantly

EXTRAV'AGANTLY, adverb In an extravagant manner; wildly; not within the limits of truth or probability. Men often write and talk extravagantly.

2. Unreasonably; excessively. It is prudent not to praise or censure extravagantly.

3. In a manner to use property without necessity or propriety, or to no good purpose; expensively, or profusely to an unjustifiable degree; as, to live, eat. drink, or dress extravagantly.

Extravagantness

EXTRAV'AGANTNESS, noun Excess; extravagance. [Little used.]

Extravagants

EXTRAV'AGANTS, noun In church history, certain decretal epistles, or constitutions of the popes, which were published after the Clementines, and not at first arranged and digested with the other papal constitutions. They were afterward inserted in the body of the canon law.

Encyc.

Extravagate

EXTRAV'AGATE, verb intransitive To wander beyond the limits. [Not used.]

Warburton.

Extravagation

EXTRAVAGA'TION, noun Excess; a wandering beyond limits.

Smollet.

Extravasated

EXTRAV'ASATED, adjective [Latin extra and vasa, vessels.] Forced or let out of its proper vessels; as extravasated blood.

Arbuthnot.

Extravasation

EXTRAVASA'TION, noun The act of forcing or letting out of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid; the state of being forced or let out of its containing vessels; effusion; as an extravasation of blood after a rupture of the vessels.

Extravenate

EXTRAVE'NATE, adjective [Latin extra and vena, vein.] Let out of the veins. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Extraversion

EXTRAVER'SION, noun [Latin extra and versio, a turning.] The act of throwing out; the state of being turned or thrown out. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Extreat

EXTRE'AT, noun Extraction. Obs.

Spenser.

Extreme

EXTRE'ME, adjective [Latin extremus, last.] Outermost; utmost; farthest; at the utmost point, edge or border; as the extreme verge or point of a thing.

2. Greatest; most violent; utmost; as extreme pain, grief, or suffering; extreme joy or pleasure.

3. Last; beyond which there is none; as an extreme remedy.

4. Utmost; worst or best that can exist or be supposed; as an extreme case.

5. Most pressing; as extreme necessity.

Extreme unction, among the Romanists, is the anointing of a sick person with oil, when decrepit with age or affected with some mortal disease, and usually just before death. It is applied to the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, hands, feet and reins of penitents, and is supposed to represent the grace of God poured into the soul.

Encyc.

Extreme and mean proportion, in geometry, is when a line is so divided, that the whole line is to the greater segment, as that segment is to the less; or when a line is so divided, that the rectangle under the whole line and the lesser segment is equal to the square of the greater segment.

Euclid.

Extreme

EXTRE'ME, noun The utmost point or verge of a thing; that part which terminates a body; extremity.

2. Utmost point; furthest degree; as the extremes of heat and cold; the extremes of virtue and vice. Avoid extremes. Extremes naturally beget each other.

There is a natural progression from the extreme of anarchy to the extreme of tyranny.

Washington.

3. In logic, the extremes or extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and subject. Thus, ``Man is an animal: Peter 1s a man, therefore Peter 1s an animal;' the word animal is the greater extreme, Peter the less extreme, and man the medium.

Encyc.

4. In mathematics, the extremes are the first and last terms of a proportion; as, when three magnitudes are proportional, the rectangle contained by the extremes is equal to the square of the mean.

Euclid.

Extremely

EXTRE'MELY, adverb In the utmost degree; to the utmost point. It is extremely hot or cold; it is extremely painful.

2. In familiar language, very much; greatly.

Extremity

EXTREM'ITY, noun [Latin extremitas.] The utmost point or side; the verge; the point or border that terminates a thing; as the extremities of a country.

2. The utmost parts. The extremities of the body, in painting and sculpture, are the head, hands and feet; but in anatomy, the term is applied to the limbs only.

Encyc. Cyc.

3. The utmost point; the highest or furthest degree; as the extremity of pain or suffering; the extremity of cruelty. Even charity and forbearance may be carried to extremity.

4. Extreme or utmost distress, straits or difficulties; as a city besieged and reduced to extremity.

5. The utmost rigor or violence. The Greeks have endured oppression in its utmost extremity.

6. The most aggravated state.

The world is running after farce, the extremity of bad poetry.

Dryden.

Extricable

EX'TRICABLE, adjective [infra.] That can be extricated.

Extricate

EX'TRICATE, verb transitive [Latin extrico. The primary verb trico is not in the Latin. We probably see its affinities in the Greek, hair, or a bush of hair, from interweaving, entangling. I suspect that and three are contracted from this root; three for threg, folded, or a plexus. The same word occurs in intricate and intrigue; French tricher, to cheat; tricoter, to weave; trick; Italian treccia, a lock of hair. Class Rg. No. 25.]

1. Properly, to disentangle; hence, to free from difficulties or perplexities; to disembarrass; as, to extricate one from complicated business, from troublesome alliances or other connections; to extricate one's self from debt.

2. To send out; to cause to be emitted or evolved.

Extricated

EX'TRICATED, participle passive Disentangled; freed from difficulties and perplexities; disembarrassed; evolved.

Extricating

EX'TRICATING, participle of the present tense Disentangling; disembarrassing; evolving.

Extrication

EXTRICA'TION, n, The act of disentangling; a freeing from perplexities; disentanglement.

2. The act of sending out or evolving; as the extrication of heat or moisture from a substance.

Extrinsic

EXTRIN'SIC, or EXTRIN'SICAL, adjective [Latin extrinsecus.] External; outward; not contained in or belonging to a body. Mere matter cannot move without the impulse of an extrinsic agent. It is opposed to intrinsic.

Extrinsically

EXTRIN'SICALLY, adverb From without; externally.

Extruct

EXTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin extruo, extructus.] To build; to construct. [Not in use.]

Extruction

EXTRUC'TION, noun A building. [Not used.]

Extructive

EXTRUCT'IVE, adjective Forming into a structure.

Fulke.

Extructor

EXTRUCT'OR, noun A builder; a fabricator; a contriver. [Not used.]

Extrude

EXTRU'DE, verb transitive [Latin extrudo; ex and trudo, to thrust. Class Rd.]

1. To thrust out; to urge, force or press out; to expel; as, to extrude a fetus.

2. To drive away; to drive off.

Woodward.

Extruded

EXTRU'DED, participle passive Thrust out; driven out or away; expelled.

Extruding

EXTRU'DING, participle of the present tense Thrusting out; driving out; expelling.

Extrusion

EXTRU'SION, n. s as z. The act of thrusting or throwing out; a driving out; expulsion.

Extuberance

EXTU'BERANCE, or EXTU'BERANCY, noun [Latin extuberans, extubero; ev and tuber, a puff.]

1. In medicine, a swelling or rising of the flesh; a protuberant part.

Encyc.

2. A knob or swelling part of a body.

Moxon.

Extuberant

EXTU'BERANT, adjective Swelled; standing out.

Extuberate

EXTU'BERATE, verb intransitive [Latin extubero.] To swell. [Not in use.]

Extumescence

EXTUMES'CENCE, noun [Latin extumescens, extumesco; ex and tumesco, tumeo, to swell.]

A swelling or rising. [Little used.]

Exuberance

EXU'BERANCE, or EXU'BERANCY, noun [Latin exuberans, exubero; ex and ubero, to fatten; uber, a pap or breast, that is, a swelling or mass.]

1. An abundance; an overflowing quantity; richness; as an exuberance of fertility or fancy.

2. Superfluous abundance; luxuriance.

3. Overgrowth; superfluous shoots, as of trees.

Exuberant

EXU'BERANT, adjective Abundant; plenteous; rich; as exuberant fertility; exuberant goodness.

2. Over-abundant; superfluous; luxuriant.

3. Pouring forth abundance; producing in plenty; as exuberant spring.

Thomson.

Exuberantly

EXU'BERANTLY, adverb Abundantly; very copiously; in great plenty; to a superfluous degree. The earth has produced exuberantly.

Exuberate

EXU'BERATE, verb intransitive [Latin exubero.] To abound; to be in great abundance. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Exudate

EX'UDATE, or EXU'DE, verb transitive and i. [See Exsude, the preferable orthography.]

Exudation

EXUDA'TION, noun [See Exsudation.]

Exuded

EXU'DED, participle passive [See Exsuded.]

Exuding

EXU'DING, participle of the present tense [See Exsuding.]

Exulcerate

EXUL'CERATE, verb transitive [Latin exulcero; ex and ulcero, to ulcerate, ulcus, an ulcer.]

1. To cause or produce an ulcer or ulcers.

Arbuthnot. Encyc.

2. To afflict; to corrode; to fret or anger.

Milton.

Exulcerate

EXUL'CERATE, verb intransitive To become an ulcer or ulcerous.

Bacon.

Exulcerated

EXUL'CERATED, participle passive Affected with ulcers; having become ulcerous.

Exulceration

EXULCERA'TION, noun The act of causing ulcers on a body, or the process of becoming ulcerous; the beginning erosion which wears away the substance and forms an ulcer.

Encyc. Quincy.

2. A fretting; exacerbation; corrosion.

Hooker.

Exulceratory

EXUL'CERATORY, adjective Having a tendency to form ulcers.

Exult

EXULT', v. i. egzult'. [Latin exulto; ex and salto, salio, to leap; Italian esultare.]

Properly, to leap for joy; hence, to rejoice in triumph; to rejoice exceedingly, at success or victory; to be glad above measure; to triumph. It is natural to man to exult at the success of his schemes, and to exult over a fallen adversary.

Exultance

EXULT'ANCE, or EXULT'ANCY, noun Exultation. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Exultant

EXULT'ANT, adjective Rejoicing triumphantly.

More.

Exultation

EXULTA'TION, noun The act of exulting; lively joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; great gladness; rapturous delight; triumph. Exultation usually springs from the gratification of our desire of some good; particularly of distinction or superiority, or of that which confers distinction. It often springs from the gratification of pride or ambition. But exultation may be a lively joy springing from laudable causes.

Exulting

EXULT'ING, participle of the present tense Rejoicing greatly or in triumph.

Exundate

EXUN'DATE, verb intransitive To overflow. [Not used.]

Exundation

EXUNDA'TION, noun [Latin exundatio, from exundo, to overflow; ex and undo, to rise in waves, unda, a wave.]

An overflowing abundance. [Little used.]

Ray.

Exuperate

EXU'PERATE, verb transitive To excel; to surmount. [Not used, nor its derivatives.]

Exustion

EXUS'TION, noun [Latin exustus.] The act or operation of burning up.

Exuviae

EXU'VIAE, n. plu. [Latin] Cast skins, shells or coverings of animals; any parts of animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins of serpents and caterpillars, the shells of lobsters, &c.

Encyc.

2. The spoils or remains of animals found in the earth, supposed to be deposited there at the deluge, or in some great convulsion or change which the earth has undergone, in past periods.

Cuvier.

Ey

EY, in old writers, Saxon ig, signifies an isle.

Eyas

EY'AS, noun [French niais, silly.] A young hawk just taken from the nest, not able to prey for itself.

Hanmer. Shak.

Eyas

EY'AS, adjective Unfledged. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Eyas-Musket

EY'AS-MUSKET, noun A young unfledged male hawk of the musket kind or sparrow hawk.

Hanmer. Shak.

Eye

EYE, noun pronounced as I. [Saxon eag, eah; Gothic auga; Dutch oog; German auge; Swedish ?ga; Danish Ãƒ-¶ye; Russian oko; Sanscrit akshi; Latin oculus, a diminutive, whence French oeil, Spanish ojo, Italian occhio, Portugese olho. The original word must have been ag, eg, or hag or heg, coinciding with egg. The old English plural was eyen, or eyne.]

1. The organ of sight or vision; properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. The eye is nearly of a spherical figure, and composed of coats or tunics. But in the term eye, we often or usually include the ball and the parts adjacent.

2. Sight; view; ocular knowledge; as, I have a man now in my eye. In this sense, the plural is more generally used.

Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you. Galatians 3.

3. Look; countenance.

I'll say yon gray is not the morning's eye.

Shak.

4. Front; face.

Her shall you hear disproved to your eyes.

Shak.

5. Direct opposition; as, to sail in the wind's eye.

6. Aspect; regard; respect; view.

Booksellers mention with respect the authors they have printed, and consequently have an eye to their own advantage.

Addison.

7. Notice; observation; vigilance; watch.

After this jealousy, he kept a strict eye upon him.

L'Estrange.

8. View of the mind; opinion formed by observation or contemplation.

It hath, in their eye, no great affinity with the form of the church of Rome.

Hooker.

9. Sight; view, either in a literal or figurative sense.

10. Something resembling the eye in form; as the eye of a peacock's feather.

Newton.

11. A small hole or aperture; a perforation; as the eye of a needle.

12. A small catch for a hook; as we say, hooks and eyes. In nearly the same sense, the word is applied to certain fastenings in the cordage of ships.

13. The bud of a plant; a shoot.

Encyc.

14. A small shade of color. [Little used.]

Red with an eye of blue makes a purple.

Boyle.

15. The power of perception.

The eyes of your understanding being enlightened. Ephesians 1.

16. Oversight; inspection.

The eye of the master will do more work from than both his hands.

Franklin.

The eyes of a ship, are the parts which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly in the lower apartments.

Mar. Dict.

To set the eyes on, is to see; to have a sight of.

To find favor in the eyes, is to be graciously received and treated.

Eye

EYE, noun A brood; as an eye of pheasants.

Eye

EYE, verb transitive To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention.

Eye nature's walks, shoot folly as it flies.

Pope.

Eye

EYE, verb intransitive To appear; to have an appearance.

Shak.

Eyeball

EY'EBALL, noun The ball, globe or apple of the eye.

Eyebeam

EY'EBEAM, noun A glance of the eye.

Shak.

Eyebolt

EY'EBOLT, noun In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye, formed to be driven into the deck or sides, for the purpose of hooking tackles to.

Mar. Dict.

Eyebright

EY'EBRIGHT, noun A genus of plants, the Euphrasia, of several species.

Eye-Brightening

EY'E-BRIGHTENING, noun A clearing of the sight.

Milton.

Eyebrow

EY'EBROW, noun The brow or hairy arch above the eye.

Eyed

EY'ED, participle passive Viewed; observed; watched.

2. adjective Having eyes; used in composition, as a dull-eyed man, ox-eyed Juno.

Eyedrop

EY'EDROP, noun A tear.

Shak.

Eyeglance

EY'EGLANCE, noun A glance of the eye; a rapid look.

Spenser.

Eyeglass

EY'EGLASS, noun A glass to assist the sight; spectacles.

Shak.

In telescopes, the glass next the eye; and where there are several, all except the object glass are called eye-glasses.

Cyc.

Eye-Gluttnig

EY'E-GLUTTNIG, noun A feasting of the eyes. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Eyelash

EY'ELASH, noun The line of hair that edges the eyelid.

Johnson.

Eyeless

EY'ELESS, adjective Wanting eyes; destitute of sight.

Milton. Addison.

Eyelet

EY'ELET, noun [French oeillet, a little eye, from oeil. eye.]

A small hole or perforation, to receive a lace or small rope or cord. We usually say, eyelet-hole.

Eyeliad

EY'ELIAD, noun [French oeillade.] A glance of the eye.

Shak.

Eyelid

EY'ELID, noun The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which an animal covers the eyeball, or uncovers it, at pleasure.

Eye-Offending

EYE-OFFEND'ING, adjective That hurts the eyes.

Shak.

Eye-Pleasing

EY'E-PLEASING, adjective Pleasing the eye.

Davies.

Eyer

EY'ER, noun One who eyes another.

Gayton.

Eye-Salve

EY'E-SALVE, noun Ointment for the eye.

Revelation.

Eye-Servant

EY'E-SERVANT, noun A servant who attends to his duty only-when watched, or under the eye of his master or employer.

Eye-Service

EY'E-SERVICE, noun Service performed only under inspection or the eye of an employer.

Not with eye-service, as men-pleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God. Colossians 3.

Eyeshot

EY'ESHOT, noun Sight; view; glance of the eye.

Dryden.

Eyesight

EY'ESIGHT, noun The sight of the eye; view; observation. Psalm 18.

Josephus sets this down from his own eye-sight.

Wilkins.

2. The sense of seeing. His eyesight fails.

Eyesore

EY'ESORE, noun Something offensive to the eye or sight.

Mordecai was an eyesore to Haman.

L'Estrange.

Eyesplice

EY'ESPLICE, noun In seaman's language, a sort of eye or circle at the end of a rope.

Mar. Dict.

Eyespotted

EY'ESPOTTED, adjective Marked with spots like eyes.

Spenser.

Eyestring

EY'ESTRING, noun The tendon by which the eye is moved.

Shak.

Eyetooth

EY'ETOOTH, noun A tooth under the eye; a pointed tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine tooth; a fang.

Ray.

Eyewink

EY'EWINK, noun A wink, or motion of the eyelid; a hint or token.

Shak.

Eye-Witness

EY'E-WITNESS, noun One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view of any thing.

We were eye-witnesses of his majesty. 2 Peter 1.

Eyot

EY'OT, noun A little isle.

Blackstone.

Eyre

EYRE, n. ire. [Old French from Latin iter.] Literally, a journey or circuit. In England, the justices in eyre were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit to hold courts in the different counties.

2. A court of itinerant justices.

Blackstone.

Eyry

EY'RY, noun The place where birds of prey construct their nests and hatch. It is written also eyrie. [See Aerie.]

The eagle and the stork

On cliffs and cedar-tops their eyries build.

Milton.

F

F

F, the sixth letter of the English Alphabet, is a labial articulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the under lip, and accompanied with an emission of breath. Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from f by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound, as may be perceived by pronouncing ef, ev. This letter may be derived from the Oriental vau, or from pe or phe; most probably the former. The Latins received the letter from the Eolians in Greece, who wrote it in the form of a double g, F, ?; whence it has been called most absurdly digamma. It corresponds in power to the Greek phi, and its proper name is ef. As a Latin numeral, it signifies 40, and with a dash over the top F, forty thousand. In the civil law, two of these letters together ff, signify the pandects. In English criminal law, this letter is branded on felons, when admitted to the benefit of clergy; by Stat. 4. H. VII. c. 13. In medical prescriptions, F stands for fiat, let it be made; F. S. A. fiat secundum artem. F stands also for Fellow; F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society.

F or fa, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in the gamut, ut, re, mi, fa. It denotes also one of the Greek keys in music, destined for the base. F in English has one uniform sound, as in father, after.

Fabaceous

FABA'CEOUS, adjective [Low Latin fabaceus, from faba, a bean.] Having the nature of a bean; like a bean. [Little used.]

Fabian

FA'BIAN, adjective Delaying; dilatory; avoiding battle, in imitation of Q. Fabius Maximus, a Roman general who conducted military operations against Hannibal, by declining to risk a battle in the open field, but harassing the enemy by marches, countermarches and ambuscades.

Fable

FA'BLE, noun [Latin fabula; French fable; Italian favola; Irish fabhal; Spanish fabula, from the Latin, but the native Spanish word is habla, speech. Qu. Welsh hebu, to speak; Greek. The radical sense is that which is spoken or told.]

1. A feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept. Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest extant, and as beautiful as any made since.

Addison.

2. Fiction in general; as, the story is all a fable.

3. An idle story; vicious or vulgar fictions. But refuse profane and old wives' fables. 1 Timothy 4.

4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an epic or dramatic poem. The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he contrives such a design or fable as may be most suitable to the moral.

Dryden.

5. Falsehood; a softer term for a lie.

Addison.

Fable

FA'BLE, verb intransitive To feign; to write fiction. Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell.

Prior.

2. To tell falsehoods; as, he fables not.

Shak.

Fable

FA'BLE, verb transitive To feign; to invent; to devise and speak of, as true or real. The hell thou fablest.

Milton.

Fabled

FA'BLED, participle passive Feigned; invented, as stories.

2. adjective Told or celebrated in fables. Hail, fabled grotto.

Fickel.

Fabler

FA'BLER, noun A writer of fables or fictions; a dealer in feigned stories.

Johnson.

Fabling

FA'BLING, participle of the present tense Feigning; devising, as stories; writing or uttering false stories.

Fabric

FAB'RIC, noun [Latin fabrica, a frame, from faber, a workman; French fabrique.]

1. The structure of any thing; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by art and labor; workmanship; texture. This is cloth of a beautiful fabric.

2. The frame or structure of a building; construction. More generally, the building itself; an edifice; a house; a temple; a church; a bridge, &c. The word is usually applied to a large building.

3. Any system composed of connected parts; as the fabric of the universe.

4. Cloth manufactured. Silks and other fine fabrics of the east.

Henry.

Fabric

FAB'RIC, verb transitive To frame; to build; to construct. [Little used.]

Philips.

Fabricate

FAB'RICATE, verb transitive [Latin fabrico, to frame, from faber, supra.]

1. To frame; to build; to construct; to form a whole by connecting its parts; as, to fabricate a bridge or a ship.

2. To form by art and labor; to manufacture; as, to fabricate woolens.

3. To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely; as, to fabricate a lie or story. Our books were not fabricated with an accommodation to prevailing usages.

Paley.

4. To coin; as, to fabricate money. [Unusual.]

Henry, Hist.

Fabricated

FAB'RICATED, participle passive Framed; constructed; built; manufactured; invented; devised falsely; forged.

Fabricating

FAB'RICATING, participle of the present tense Framing; constructing; manufacturing; devising falsely; forging.

Fabrication

FABRICA'TION, noun The act of framing or constructing; construction; as the fabrication of a bridge or of a church.

2. The act of manufacturing.

3. The act of devising falsely; forgery.

4. That which is fabricated; a falsehood. The story is doubtless a fabrication.

Fabricator

FAB'RICATOR, noun One that constructs or makes.

Fabrile

FAB'RILE, adjective [Latin fabrilis.] Pertaining to handicrafts. [Not used.]

Fabulist

FAB'ULIST, noun [from fable.] The inventor or writer of fables.

Garrick.

Fabulize

FAB'ULIZE, verb transitive To invent, compose or relate fables.

Faber.

Fabulosity

FABULOS'ITY, noun Fabulousness; fullness of fables. [Little used.]

Abbot.

Fabulous

FAB'ULOUS, adjective Feigned, as a story; devised; fictitious; as a fabulous story; a fabulous description.

2. Related in fable; described or celebrated in fables; invented; not real; as a fabulous hero; the fabulous exploits of Hercules.

3. The fabulous age of Greece and Rome, was the early age of those countries, the accounts of which are mostly fabulous, or in which the fabulous achievments of their heroes were performed; called also the heroic age.

Fabulously

FAB'ULOUSLY, adverb In fable or fiction; in a fabulous manner.

Brown.

Fabulousness

FAB'ULOUSNESS, noun The quality of being fabulous or feigned.

Facade

FACADE, n. fassa'de. [French] Front.

Warton.

Face

FACE, noun [French face; Italian faccia; Spanish faz, or haz; Armoric faÃƒ-§z; Latin facies, from facio, to make.]

1. In a general sense, the surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the view of a spectator; as the face of the earth; the face of the waters.

2. A part of the surface of a thing; or the plane surface of a solid. Thus, a cube or die has six faces; an octahedron has eight faces.

3. The surface of the fore part of an animal's head, particularly of the human head; the visage. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Genesis 3. Joseph bowed himself with his face to the earth. Genesis 48.

4. Countenance; cast of features; look; air of the face. We set the best face on it we could.

Dryden.

5. The front of a thing; the forepart; the flat surface that presents itself first to view; as the face of a house. Ezekiel 41.

6. Visible state; appearance. This would produce a new face of things in Europe.

Addison.

7. Appearance; look. Nor heaven, nor sea, their former face retained.

Waller. His dialogue has the face of probability.

Baker.

8. State of confrontation. The witnesses were presented face to face.

9. Confidence; boldness; impudence; a bold front. He has the face to charge others with false citations.

Tillotson.

10. Presence; sight; as in the phrases, before the face, in the face, to the face, from the face.

11. The person. I had not thought to see thy face. Genesis 48.

12. In scripture, face is used for anger or favor. Hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne. Revelation 6. Make thy face to shine on thy servant. Psalm 31. How long wilt thou hide thy face from me? Psalm 13. Hence, to seek the face, that is, to pray to, to seek the favor of.

To set the face against, is to oppose.

To accept one's face, is to show him favor or grant his request. So, to entreat the face, is to ask favor; but these phrases are nearly obsolete.

13. A distorted form of the face; as in the phrase, to make faces, or to make wry faces.

Face to face, when both parties are present; as, to have accusers face to face. Acts 25.

2. Nakedly; without the interposition of any other body. Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Corinthians 13.

Face

FACE, verb transitive To meet in front; to oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing; as, to face an enemy in the field of battle. I'll face This tempest, and deserve the name of king.

Dryden.

2. To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or front towards. The colleges in New Haven face the public square.

3. To cover with additional superficies; to cover in front; as a fortification faced with marble; to face a garment with silk.

To face down, to oppose boldly or impudently.

Face

FACE, verb intransitive To carry a false appearance; to play the hypocrite. To lie, to face, to forge.

Hubberd's Tale.

2. To turn the face; as, to face to the right or left.

Facecloth

FA'CECLOTH, noun [face and cloth.] A cloth laid over the face of a corpse.

Brand.

Faced

FA'CED, participle passive Covered in front. In composition, denoting the kind of face; as full-faced.

Bailey.

Faceless

FA'CELESS, adjective Without a face.

Facepainter

FA'CEPAINTER, noun A painter of portraits; one who draws the likeness of the face.

Facepainting

FA'CEPAINTING, noun The act or art of painting portraits.

Dryden.

Facet

FAC'ET, noun [French facette, from face; Spanish faceta.] A little face; a small surface; as the facets of a diamond.

Facete

FACE'TE, adjective [Latin facetus.] Gay; cheerful. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Faceteness

FACE'TENESS, noun Wit; pleasant representation. [Not used.]

Hales.

Facetious

FACE'TIOUS, adjective [French facetieux; Spanish facecioso; Italian faceto; Latin facetus; facetia, or plu. Qu. Arabic to be merry.]

1. Merry; sportive; jocular; sprightly with wit and good humor; as a facetious companion.

2. Witty; full of pleasantry playful; exciting laughter; as a facetious story; a facetious reply.

Facetiously

FACE'TIOUSLY, adverb Merrily; gayly; wittily; with pleasantry.

Facetiousness

FACE'TIOUSNESS, noun Sportive humor; pleasantry; the quality of exciting laughter or good humor.

Facial

FA'CIAL, adjective [Latin facies, face.] Pertaining to the face; as the facial artery, vein or nerve.

Facial angle, in anatomy, is the angle contained by a line drawn horizontally from the middle of the external entrance of the ear to the edge of the nostrils, and another from this latter point to the superciliary ridge of the frontal bone; serving to measure the elevation of the forehead.

Ed. Encyc.

Facile

FAC'ILE, adjective [French facile; Spanish facil; Latin facilis, from facio, to make.]

1. Properly, easy to be done or performed; easy; not difficult; performable or attainable with little labor. OrderÃ‚--will render the work facile and delightful.

Evelyn.

2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable. The facile gates of hell too slightly barred.

Milton.

3. Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not haughty, austere or distant. I mean she should be courteous, facile, sweet.

B. Jonson.

4. Pliant; flexible; easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault. Since Adam, and his facile consort Eve, Lost Paradise, deceived by me.

Milton.

Facilely

FAC'ILELY, adverb Easily. [Little used.]

Herbert.

Facileness

FAC'ILENESS, noun Easiness to be persuaded.

Beaum.

Facilitate

FACIL'ITATE, verb transitive [French faciliter, from facilitÃƒ-©, Latin facilitas, from facilis, easy.] To make easy or less difficult; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to diminish it; to lessen the labor of. Machinery facilitates manual labor and operations. Pioneers may facilitate the march of an army.

Facilitated

FACIL'ITATED, participle passive Made easy or easier.

Facilitating

FACIL'ITATING, participle of the present tense Rendering easy or easier.

Facilitation

FACILITA'TION, noun The act of making easy.

Johnson.

Facility

FACIL'ITY, noun [French facilitÃƒ-©; Latin facilitas, from facilis, easy.]

1. Easiness to be performed; freedom from difficulty; ease. He performed the work or operation with great facility. Though facility and hope of success might invite some other choice.

Bacon.

2. Ease of performance; readiness proceeding from skill or use; dexterity. Practice gives a wonderful facility in executing works of art.

3. Pliancy; ductility; easiness to be persuaded; readiness of compliance, usually in a bad sense, implying a disposition to yield to solicitations to evil. It is a great error to take facility for good nature: tenderness without discretion, is no better than a more pardonable folly.

L'Estrange.

4. Easiness of access; complaisance; condescension; affability. He offers himself to the visits of a friend with facility.

South.

Facilities

FACIL'ITIES, n. plu. The means by which the performance of any thing is rendered easy; convenient opportunities or advantages.

Facing

FA'CING, participle of the present tense [from face.] Fronting; having the face towards; opposite.

2. Covering the fore part.

3. Turning the face.

Facing

FA'CING, noun A covering in front for ornament or defense; as the facing of a fortification or of a garment.

Facinorous

FACIN'OROUS, adjective [Latin facinus.] Atrociously wicked. [Little used.]

Shak.

Facinorousness

FACIN'OROUSNESS, noun Extreme or atrocious wickedness.

Facsimile

FACSIM'ILE, noun [Latin facio, to make, and similis, like. See Simile.] An exact copy or likeness, as of handwriting.

Fact

FACT, noun [Latin factum, from facio, to make or do; French fait; Italian fatto; Spanish hecho.]

1. Any thing done, or that comes to pass; an act; a deed; an effect produced or achieved; an event. Witnesses are introduced into court to prove a fact. Facts are stubborn things. To deny a fact knowingly is to lie.

2. Reality; truth; as, in fact. So we say, indeed.

Faction

FAC'TION, noun [French from Latin factio, from facio, to make or do.]

1. A party, in political society, combined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, government or state; usually applied to a minority, but it may be applied to a majority. Sometimes a state is divided into factions nearly equal. Rome was almost always disturbed by factions. Republics are proverbial for factions, and factions in monarchies have often effected revolutions. A feeble government produces more factions than an oppressive one.

Ames. By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. Federalist, Madison.

2. Tumult; discord; dissension.

Clarendon.

Factionary

FAC'TIONARY, noun A party man; one of a faction. [Little used.]

Shak.

Factioner

FAC'TIONER, noun One of a faction. [Not in use.]

Bancroft.

Factionist

FAC'TIONIST, noun One who promotes faction.

Mountagu.

Factious

FAC'TIOUS, adjective [French factieux; Latin factiosus.]

1. Given to faction; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions, in opposition to government; turbulent; prone to clamor against public measures or men. No state is free from factious citizens.

2. Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction; as factious tumults; factious quarrels.

Dryden.

Factiously

FAC'TIOUSLY, adverb In a factious manner; by means of faction; in a turbulent or disorderly manner.

Factiousness

FAC'TIOUSNESS, noun Inclination to form parties in opposition to the government, or to the public interest; disposition to clamor and raise opposition; clamorousness for a party.

Factitious

FACTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin factitius, from facio.] Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; as factitious cinnabar; factitious stones; factitious air.

Factive

FAC'TIVE, adjective Making; having power to make. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Factor

FAC'TOR, noun [Latin factor; French facteur; Italian fattore; from Latin facio.]

1. In commerce, an agent employed by merchants, residing in other places, to buy and sell, and to negotiate bills of exchange, or to transact other business on their account.

2. An agent; a substitute.

3. In arithmetic, the multiplier and multiplicand, from the multiplication of which proceeds the product.

Factorage

FAC'TORAGE, noun The allowance given to a factor by his employer, as a compensation for his services; called also a commission. This is sometimes a certain sum or rate by the cask or package; more generally it is a certain rate per cent. of the value of the goods, purchased or sold.

Factorship

FAC'TORSHIP, noun A factory; or the business of a factor.

Sherwood.

Factory

FAC'TORY, noun A house or place where factors reside, to transact business for their employers. The English merchants have factories in the East Indies, Turkey, Portugal, Hamburg, &c.

2. The body of factors in any place; as a chaplain to a British factory.

Guthrie.

3. Contracted from manufactory, a building or collection of buildings, appropriated to the manufacture of goods; the place where workmen are employed in fabricating goods, wares or utensils.

Factotum

FACTO'TUM, noun [Latin do every thing.] A servant employed to do all kinds of work.

B. Jonson.

Facture

FAC'TURE, noun [French] The art or manner of making.

Bacon.

Faculty

FAC'ULTY, noun [French facultÃƒ-©; L? facultas, from facio, to make.]

1. That power of the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive or modify perceptions; as the faculty of seeing, of hearing, of imagining, of remembering, &c.: or in general, the faculties may be called the powers or capacities of the mind.

2. The power of doing any thing; ability. There is no faculty or power in creatures, which can rightly perform its functions, without the perpetual aid of the Supreme Being.

Hooker.

3. The power of performing any action, natural, vital or animal. The vital faculty is that by which life is preserved.

Quincy.

4. Facility of performance; the peculiar skill derived from practice, or practice aided by nature; habitual skill or ability; dexterity; adroitness; knack. One man has a remarkable faculty of telling a story; another, of inventing excuses for misconduct; a third, of reasoning; a fourth, of preaching.

5. Personal quality; disposition or habit, good or ill.

Shak.

6. Power; authority. This Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek.

Shak.

[Hardly legitimate.]

7. Mechanical power; as the faculty of the wedge. [Not used, nor legitimate.]

Wilkins.

8. Natural virtue; efficacy; as the faculty of simples. [Not used, nor legitimate.]

Milton.

9. Privilege; a right or power granted to a person by favor or indulgence, to do what by law he may not do; as the faculty of marrying without the bans being first published, or of ordaining a deacon under age. The archbishop of Canterbury has a court of faculties, for granting such privileges or dispensations.

Encyc.

10. In colleges, the masters and professors of the several sciences.

Johnson. One of the members or departments of a university. In most universities there are four faculties; of arts, including humanity and philosophy; of theology; of medicine; and of law. Encyc. In America, the faculty of a college or university consists of the president, professors and tutors. The faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a respectable body of lawyers who plead in all causes before the Courts of Session, Justiciary and Exchequer. Encyc.

Facund

FAC'UND, adjective [Latin facundus, supposed to be from the root of for, fari, to speak. If so, the original word was faco, or facor.] Eloquent. [Little used.]

Facundity

FACUND'ITY, noun [Latin facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness of speech.

Faddle

FAD'DLE, verb intransitive To trifle; to toy; to play. [A low word.]

Fade

FADE, adjective [French] Weak; slight; faint. [Not in use.]

Berkeley.

Fade

FADE, verb intransitive [French fade, insipid, tasteless. Qu. Latin vado, or Arabic nafeeda, to vanish, Syriac to fail, to err. See Class Bd. No. 48. and 39. 44.]

1. To lose color; to tend from a stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the same color, or to lose a color entirely. A green leaf fades and becomes less green or yellow. Those colors are deemed the best, which are least apt to fade.

2. To wither, as a plant; to decay. Ye shall be as an oak, whose leaf fadeth. Isaiah 1.

3. To lose strength gradually; to vanish. When the memory is weak, ideas in the mind quickly fade.

Locke.

4. To lose luster; to grow dim. The stars shall fade away.

Addison.

5. To decay; to perish gradually. We all do fade as a leaf. Isaiah 64. An inheritance that fadeth not away. 1 Peter 1.

6. To decay; to decline; to become poor and miserable. The rich man shall fade away in his ways. James 1.

7. To lose strength, health or vigor; to decline; to grow weaker.

South.

8. To disappear gradually; to vanish.

Fade

FADE, verb transitive To cause to wither; to wear away; to deprive of freshness or vigor. No winter could his laurels fade.

Dryden. This is a man, old, wrinkled, faded, withered.

Shak.

Faded

FA'DED, participle passive Become less vivid, as color; withered; decayed; vanished.

Fadge

FADGE, v. i. faj. [Saxon foegen, gefegen, to unite, to fit together; German fugen; Dutch voegen; Swedish foga; Danish fuge, a seam or joint; Welsh fag, a meeting in a point. It coincides with Latin pango, pegi, pepegi, Greek, Latin figo. See Class Bg. No. 33. See also No. 34. 35. Of this word fay is a contraction.]

1. To suit; to fit; to come close, as the parts of things united. Hence, to have one part consistent with another.

Shak.

2. To agree; to live in amity. [Ludicrous.]

Hudibras.

3. To succeed; to hit.

L'Estrange.

[This word is now vulgar, and improper in elegant writing.]

Fading

FA'DING, participle of the present tense [See Fade.] Losing color; becoming less vivid; decaying; declining; withering.

2. adjective Subject to decay; liable to lose freshness and vigor; liable to perish; not durable; transient; as a fading flower.

Fading

FA'DING, noun Decay; loss of color, freshness or vigor.

Sherwood.

Fadingness

FA'DINGNESS, noun Decay; liableness to decay.

Mountagu.

Fady

FA'DY, adjective Wearing away; losing color or strength.

Shenstone.

Faecal

FAECAL, adjective [See Fecal.]

Faeces

FAE'CES, noun [Latin] Excrement; also, settlings; sediment after infusion or distillation.

Quincy.

Faffel

FAF'FEL, verb intransitive To stammer. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Fag

FAG, verb transitive To beat. [Not in use.]

Fag

FAG, noun A slave; one who works hard. [Not in use.]

Fag

FAG, verb intransitive [Scot. faik. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac to fail, to languish. See Class Bg. No. 44. 60. 76.] To become weary; to fail in strength; to be faint with weariness. The Italian began to fag.

Mackenzie.

[A vulgar word.]

Fag

FAG, noun A knot in cloth. [Not in use.]

Fagend

FAGEND', noun [fag and end. See Fag, verb intransitive supra.]

1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of coarser materials.

Johnson.

2. The refuse or meaner part of any thing.

Collier.

3. Among seamen, the untwisted end of a rope; hence, to fag out, is to become untwisted and loose.

Mar. Dict. We observe that the use of this word among seamen leads to the true sense of the verb, as well as the noun. The sense is, to open by receding, or to yield and become lax, and hence weak.

Fagot

FAG'OT, noun [Welsh fagod; Greek; connected with Welsh fag, that which unites or meets; fagiad, a gathering round a point; Scot. faik, to fold, to grasp; fake, in seamen's language, a coil; allied to Saxon foegan, gefegan, to unite. See Fadge. The sense is a bundle or collection, like pack.]

1. A bundle of sticks, twigs or small branches of trees, used for fuel, or for raising batteries, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortification. The French use fascine, from the Latin fascis, a bundle; a term now adopted in English.

2. A person hired to appear at musters in a company not full and hide the deficiency.

Encyc.

Fagot

FAG'OT, verb transitive To tie together; to bind in a bundle; to collect promiscuously.

Dryden.

Fahlerz

F`AHLERZ, noun Gray copper, or gray copper ore, called by Jameson tetrahedral copper pyrite. This mineral is easily broken, and its fracture usually uneven, but sometimes a little conchoidal. It is found amorphous and in regular crystals.

Cleaveland.

Fahlunite

F`AHLUNITE, noun [from Fahlun, in Sweden.] Automalite, a subspecies of octahedral corundum.

Ure.

Fail

FAIL, verb intransitive [French faillir; Welsh faelu, or pallu and aballu; Scot. failye; Italian fallire; Spanish falir, faltar; Portugese falhar; Latin fallo; Irish feallam; Greek, whence; Dutch feilen, faalen; German fehlen; Swedish fela; Danish fejler; Armoric fallaat, fellel, whence falloni, wickedness, felony. It seems to be allied to fall, fallow, pale, and many other words. See Class Bl. No. 6. 7. 8. 13. 18. 21. 28.]

1. To become deficient; to be insufficient; to cease to be abundant for supply; or to be entirely wanting. We say, in a dry season, the springs and streams fail, or are failing, before they are entirely exhausted. We say also, the springs failed, when they entirely ceased to flow. Crops fail wholly or partially.

2. To decay; to decline; to sink; to be diminished. We say of a sick person, his strength fails daily.

3. To decline; to decay; to sink; to become weaker; as, the patient fails every hour.

4. To be extinct; to cease; to be entirely wanting; to be no longer produced. Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men. Psalm 12.

5. To be entirely exhausted; to be wanting; to cease from supply. Money failed in the land of Egypt. Genesis 47.

6. To cease; to perish; to be lost. Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.

Addison.

7. To die. They shall all fail together. Isaiah 31.

8. To decay; to decline; as, the sight fails in old age.

9. To become deficient or wanting; as, the heart or the courage fails.

10. To miss; not to produce the effect. The experiment was made with care, but failed, or failed to produce the effect, or failed of the effect.

11. To be deficient in duty; to omit or neglect. The debtor failed to fulfil his promise.

12. To miss; to miscarry; to be frustrated or disappointed. The enemy attacked the fort, but failed in his design, or failed of success.

13. To be neglected; to fall short; not to be executed. The promises of a man of probity seldom fail. The soul or the spirit fails, when a person is discouraged. The eyes fail, when the desires and expectations are long delayed, and the person is disappointed.

14. To become insolvent or bankrupt. When merchants and traders fail, they are said to become bankrupt. When other men fail, they are said to become insolvent.

Fail

FAIL, verb transitive To desert; to disappoint; to cease or to neglect or omit to afford aid, supply or strength. It is said, fortune never

fails the brave. Our friends sometimes fail us, when we most need them. The aged attempt to walk, when their limbs fail them. In bold enterprises, courage should never fail the hero.

2. To omit; not to perform. The inventive God, who never fails his part.

Dryden.

3. To be wanting to. There shall never fail thee a man on the throne. 1 Kings 2.

[In the transitive use of this verb, there is really an ellipsis of from or to, or other word. In strictness, the verb is not transitive, and the passive participle is, I believe, never used.]

Fail

FAIL, noun Omission; non-performance. He will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites. Joshua 3.

2. Miscarriage; failure; deficience; want; death. [In these senses little used.]

Failance

FA'ILANCE, noun Fault; failure. Obs.

Failing

FA'ILING, participle of the present tense Becoming deficient or insufficient; becoming weaker; decaying; declining; omitting; not executing or performing; miscarrying; neglecting; wanting; becoming bankrupt or insolvent.

Failing

FA'ILING, noun The act of failing; deficiency; imperfection; lapse; fault. Failings, in a moral sense, are minor faults, proceeding rather from weakness of intellect or from carelessness, than from bad motives. But the word is often abusively applied to vices of a grosser kind.

2. The act of failing or becoming insolvent.

Failure

FA'ILURE, n. fa'ilyur. A failing; deficience; cessation of supply, or total defect; as the failure of springs or streams; failure of rain; failure of crops.

2. Omission; non-performance; as the failure of a promise; a man's failure in the execution of a trust.

3. Decay, or defect from decay; as the failure of memory or of sight.

4. A breaking, or becoming insolvent. At the close of a war, the prices of commodities fall, and innumerable failures succeed.

5. A failing; a slight fault. [Little used.]

Fain

FAIN, adjective [Saxon fagen, foegan, glad; fagnian, Gothic faginon, to rejoice; Swedish f?gen. Class Bg. No. 3. 43. 77.]

1. Glad; pleased; rejoiced. But the appropriate sense of the word is, glad or pleased to do something under some kind of necessity; that is, glad to evade evil or secure good. Thus, says Locke, ``The learned Castalio was fain to make trenches at Basil, to keep himself from starving.' This appropriation of the word, which is modern, led Dr. Johnson into a mistake in defining the word. The proper signification is glad, joyful.

Fain

FAIN, adverb Gladly; with joy or pleasure. He would fain flee out of his hand. Job 27. He would fain have filled his belly with husks. Luke 15.

Fain

FAIN, verb intransitive To wish or desire. [Not used.]

Faining

FA'INING, participle of the present tense Wishing; desiring fondly. In his faining eye.

Spenser.

Faint

FAINT, adjective [Irish faine, a weakening; fann, weak; fanntais, weakness, inclination to faint; anbhfaine, fainting; French faineant, idle, sluggish. This word is perhaps allied to French faner, to fade, wither, decay, to make hay, foin, Latin foenum; and to vain, Latin vanus, whence to vanish, Arabic fani, to vanish, to fail, to wane, Saxon fynig, musty. Class Bn. No. 25.]

1. Weak; languid; inclined to swoon; as, to be rendered faint by excessive evacuations.

2. Weak; feeble; languid; exhausted; as faint with fatigue, hunger or thirst.

3. Weak, as color; not bright or vivid; not strong; as a faint color; a faint red or blue; a faint light.

4. Feeble; weak, as sound; not loud; as a faint sound; a faint voice.

5. Imperfect; feeble; not striking; as a faint resemblance or image.

6. Cowardly; timorous. A faint heart never wins a fair lady.

7. Feeble; not vigorous; not active; as a faint resistance; a faint exertion.

8. Dejected; depressed; dispirited. My heart is faint. Lamentations 1.

Faint

FAINT, verb intransitive To lose the animal functions; to lose strength and color, and become senseless and motionless; to swoon; sometimes with away. He fainted for loss of blood. On hearing the honor intended her, she fainted away.

Guardian.

2. To become feeble; to decline or fail in strength and vigor; to be weak. If I send them away fasting to their own houses, they will faint by the way. Mark 8.

3. To sink into dejection; to lose courage or spirit. Let not your hearts faint. Deuteronomy 20. If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. Proverbs 24.

4. To decay; to disappear; to vanish. Gilded clouds, while we gaze on them, faint before the eye.

Pope.

Faint

FAINT, verb transitive To deject; to depress; to weaken. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Fainthearted

FAINTHEARTED, adjective Cowardly; timorous; dejected; easily depressed, or yielding to fear. Fear not, neither be fainthearted, Isaiah 7.

Faintheartedly

FAINTHEARTEDLY, adverb In a cowardly manner.

Faintheartedness

FAINTHEARTEDNESS, noun Cowardice; timorousness; want of courage.

Fainting

FA'INTING, participle of the present tense Falling into a swoon; failing; losing strength or courage; becoming feeble or timid.

Fainting

FA'INTING, noun A temporary loss of strength, color and respiration; syncope; deliquium; leipothymy; a swoon.

Wiseman.

Faintish

FA'INTISH, adjective Slightly faint.

Faintishness

FA'INTISHNESS, noun A slight degree of faintness.

Arbuthnot.

Faintling

FA'INTLING, adjective Timorous; feeble-minded. [Not used.]

Arbuthnot.

Faintly

FA'INTLY, adverb In a feeble, languid manner; without vigor or activity; as, to attack or defend faintly.

2. With a feeble flame; as, a torch burns faintly.

3. With a feeble light; as, the candle burns faintly.

4. With little force; as, to breathe faintly.

5. Without force of representation; imperfectly; as, to describe faintly what we have seen.

6. In a low tone; with a feeble voice; as, to speak faintly.

7. Without spirit or courage; timorously. He faintly now declines the fatal strife.

Denham.

Faintness

FA'INTNESS, noun The state of being faint; loss of strength, color and respiration.

2. Feebleness; languor; want of strength.

Hooker.

3. Inactivity; want of vigor.

Spenser.

4. Feebleness, as of color or light.

5. Feebleness of representation; as faintness of description.

6. Feebleness of mind; timorousness; dejection; irresolution. I will send a faintness into their hearts. Leviticus 26.

Faints

FAINTS, n. plu. The gross fetid oil remaining after distillation, or a weak spirituous liquor that runs from the still in rectifying the low wines after the proof spirit is drawn off; also, the last runnings of all spirits distilled by the alembic.

Encyc. Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Fainty

FA'INTY, adjective Weak; feeble; languid.

Dryden.

Fair

FAIR, adjective [Saxon foeger; Swedish fager; Danish faver. If the sense is primarily to open, to clear, to separate, this word may belong to the root of Swedish f?ja, Danish fejer, Dutch veegen, German fegen, to sweep, scour, furbish.]

1. Clear; free from spots; free from a dark hue; white; as a fair skin; a fair complexion. Hence,

2. Beautiful; handsome; properly, having a handsome face. Thou art a fair woman to look upon. Genesis 12. Hence,

3. Pleasing to the eye; handsome or beautiful in general. Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches. Ezekiel 31.

4. Clear; pure; free from feculence or extraneous matter; as fair water.

5. Clear; not cloudy or overcast; as fair weather; a fair sky.

6. Favorable; prosperous; blowing in a direction towards the place of destination; as a fair wind at sea.

7. Open; direct, as a way or passage. You are in a fair way to promotion. Hence, likely to succeed. He stands as fair to succeed as any man.

8. Open to attack or access; unobstructed; as a fair mark; a fair butt; fair in sight; in fair sight; a fair view.

9. Open; frank; honest; hence, equal; just; equitable. My friend is a fair man; his offer is fair; his propositions are fair and honorable.

10. Not effected by insidious or unlawful methods; not foul. He died a fair and natural death.

Temple.

11. Frank; candid; not sophistical or insidious; as a fair disputant.

12. Honest; honorable; mild; opposed to insidious and compulsory; as, to accomplish a thing by fair means.

13. Frank; civil; pleasing; not harsh. When fair words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be frighted into our duty.

L'Estrange.

14. Equitable; just; merited. His doom is fair, That dust I am, and shall to dust return.

Milton.

15. Liberal; not narrow; as a fair livelihood.

Carew.

16. Plain; legible; as, the letter is written in a fair hand.

17. Free from stain or blemish; unspotted; untarnished; as a fair character or fame.

Fair

FAIR, adverb Openly; frankly; civilly; complaisantly. One of the company spoke him fair.

L'Estrange.

2. Candidly; honestly; equitably. He promised fair.

3. Happily; successfully. Now fair befall thee.

Shak.

4. On good terms; as, to keep fair with the world; to stand fair with one's companions.

To bid fair, is to be likely, or to have a fair prospect.

Fair and square, just dealing; honesty.

Fair

FAIR, n. Elliptically, a fair woman; a handsome female. The fair, the female sex.

2. Fairness; applied to things or persons. [Not in use.]

Fair

FAIR, noun [French foire; Welsh fair; Armoric foar, foer, feur, or for; Latin forum, or ferioe. The Italian fiera, and Spanish feria, a fair, are the Latin ferioe, a holiday, a day exempt from labor; German feier, whence feiern, to rest from labor. If fair is from forum, it may coincide in origin with Greek, to trade, whence, emporium, the primary sense of which is to pass. In Norman French we find fair and feire. If fair is from ferioe, it is so called from being held in places where the wakes or feasts at the dedication of churches were held, or from the feasts themselves. It is a fact that Sundays were formerly market-days.] A stated market in a particular town or city; a stated meeting of buyers and sellers for trade. A fair is annual or more frequent. The privilege of holding fairs is granted by the king or supreme power. Among the most celebrated fairs in Europe are those of Francfort and Leipsic in Germany; of Novi in the Milanese; of Riga and Archangel in Russia; of Lyons and St. Germain in France. In Great Britain many towns enjoy this privilege.

Encyc.

Fair-Hand

FA'IR-HAND, adjective Having a fair appearance.

Shak.

Fairing

FA'IRING, noun A present given at a fair.

Gay.

Fairly

FA'IRLY, adverb Beautifully; handsomely. [Little used.]

2. Commodiously; conveniently; as a town fairly situated for foreign trade.

3. Frankly; honestly; justly; equitably; without disguise, fraud or prevarication. The question was fairly stated and argued. Let us deal fairly with all men.

4. Openly; ingenuously; plainly. Let us deal fairly with ourselves or our own hearts.

5. Candidly. I interpret fairly your design.

Dryden.

6. Without perversion or violence; as, an inference may be fairly deduced from the premises.

7. Without blots; in plain letters; plainly; legibly; as an instrument or record fairly written.

8. Completely; without deficience. His antagonist fought till he was fairly defeated.

9. Softly; gently.

Milton.

Fairness

FA'IRNESS, noun Clearness; freedom from spots or blemishes; whiteness; as the fairness of skin or complexion.

2. Clearness; purity; as the fairness of water.

3. Freedom from stain or blemish; as the fairness of character or reputation.

4. Beauty; elegance; as the fairness of form.

5. Frankness; candor; hence, honesty; ingenuousness; as fairness in trade.

6. Openness; candor; freedom from disguise, insidiousness or prevarication; as the fairness of an argument.

7. Equality of terms; equity; as the fairness of a contract.

8. Distinctness; freedom from blots or obscurity; as the fairness of hand-writing; the fairness of a copy.

Fair-Spoken

FA'IR-SPOKEN, adjective Using fair speech; bland; civil; courteous; plausible. Arius, a fair-spoken man.

Hooker.

Fairy

FA'IRY, noun [German fee; French fÃƒ-©e, whence fÃƒ-©er, to enchant, fÃƒ-©erie, a fairy land; Italian fata. The origin of this word is not obvious, and the radical letters are uncertain. The conjectures of Baxter, Jamieson and others throw no satisfactory light on the subject.]

1. A fay; an imaginary being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form, dance in meadows, steal infants and play a variety of pranks. [See Elf and Demon.]

Locke. Pope.

2. An enchantress.

Shak.

Fairy of the mine, an imaginary being supposed to inhabit mines, wandering about in the drifts and chambers, always employed in cutting ore, turning the windlass, &c., yet effecting nothing. The Germans believe in two species; one fierce and malevolent; the other gentle. [See Cobalt.]

Encyc.

Fairy ring or circle, a phenomenon observed in fields, vulgarly supposed to be caused by fairies in their dances. This circle is of two kinds; one about seven yards in diameter, containing a round bare path, a foot broad, with green grass in the middle; the other of different size, encompassed with grass.

Encyc.

Fairy

FA'IRY, adjective Belonging to fairies; as fairy land.

Shak.

2. Given by fairies; as fairy money or favors.

Dryden. Locke.

Fairylike

FA'IRYLIKE, adjective Imitating the manner of fairies.

Shak.

Fairystone

FA'IRYSTONE, noun A stone found in gravel pits.

Johnson. The fossil echinite, abundant in chalk pits. Cyc.

Faith

FAITH, noun [Welsh fyz; Arm, feiz; Latin fides; Italian fede; Portugese and Spanish fe; French foi; Greek; Latin fido, to trust; Greek, to persuade, to draw towards any thing, to conciliate; to believe, to obey. In the Greek Lexicon of Hederic it is said, the primitive signification of the verb is to bind and draw or lead, as signifies a rope or cable, as does. But this remark is a little incorrect. The sense of the verb, from which that of rope and binding is derived, is to strain, to draw, and thus to bind or make fast. A rope or cable is that which makes fast. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan. Class Bd. No. 16.]

1. Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, resting on his authority and veracity, without other evidence; the judgment that what another states or testifies is the truth. I have strong faith or no faith in the testimony of a witness, or in what a historian narrates.

2. The assent of the mind to the truth of a proposition advanced by another; belief, on probable evidence of any kind.

3. In theology, the assent of the mind or understanding to the truth of what God has revealed. Simple belief of the scriptures, of the being and perfections of God, and of the existence, character and doctrines of Christ, founded on the testimony of the sacred writers, is called historical or speculative faith; a faith little distinguished from the belief of the existence and achievments of Alexander or of Cesar.

4. Evangelical, justifying, or saving faith, is the assent of the mind to the truth of divine revelation, on the authority of God's testimony, accompanied with a cordial assent of the will or approbation of the heart; an entire confidence or trust in God's character and declarations, and in the character and doctrines of Christ, with an unreserved surrender of the will to his guidance, and dependence on his merits for salvation. In other words, that firm belief of God's testimony, and of the truth of the gospel, which influences the will, and leads to an entire reliance on Christ for salvation. Being justified by faith. Romans 5. Without faith it is impossible to please God. Hebrews 11. For we walk by faith, and not by sight. 2 Corinthians 5. With the heart man believeth to righteousness. Romans 10. The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind, which is called trust or confidence, exercised towards the moral character of God, and particularly of the Savior.

Dwight.

Faith is an affectionate practical confidence in the testimony of God.

J. Hawes.

Faith is a firm, cordial belief in the veracity of God, in all the declarations of his word; or a full and affectionate confidence in the certainty of those things which God has declared, and because he has declared them.

Latin Woods.

5. The object of belief; a doctrine or system of doctrines believed; a system of revealed truths received by christians. They heard only, that he who persecuted us in times past, now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. Galatians 1.

6. The promises of God, or his truth and faithfulness. Shall their unbelief make the faith of God without effect? Romans 3.

7. An open profession of gospel truth. Your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world. Romans 1.

8. A persuasion or belief of the lawfulness of things indifferent. Hast thou faith? Have it to thyself before God. Romans 14.

9. Faithfulness; fidelity; a strict adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises. Her failing, while her faith to me remains, I would conceal.

Milton. Children in whom is no faith. Deuteronomy 32.

10. World or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity. He violated his plighted faith. For you alone I broke my faith with injured Palamon.

Dryden.

11. Sincerity; honesty; veracity; faithfullness. We ought, in good faith, to fulfill all our engagements.

12. Credibility or truth. [Unusual.] The faith of the foregoing narrative.

Mitford.

Faith-Breach

FA'ITH-BREACH, noun Breach of fidelity; disloyalty; perfidy.

Shak.

Faithed

FA'ITHED, adjective Honest; sincere. [Not used.]

Shak.

Faithful

FA'ITHFUL, adjective Firm in adherence to the truth and to the duties of religion. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. Revelation 2.

2. Firmly adhering to duty; of true fidelity; loyal; true to allegiance; as a faithful subject.

3. Constant in the performance of duties or services; exact in attending to commands; as a faithful servant.

4. Observant of compact, treaties, contracts, vows or other engagements; true to one's word. A government should be faithful to its treaties; individuals, to their word.

5. True; exact; in conformity to the letter and spirit; as a faithful execution of a will.

6. True to the marriage covenant; as a faithful wife or husband.

7. Conformable to truth; as a faithful narrative or representation.

8. Constant; not fickle; as a faithful lover or friend.

9. True; worthy of belief. 2. Timothy 2.

Faithfully

FA'ITHFULLY, adverb In a faithful manner; with good faith.

2. With strict adherence to allegiance and duty; applied to subjects.

3. With strict observance of promises, vows, covenants or duties; without failure of performance; honestly; exactly. The treaty or contract was faithfully executed.

4. Sincerely; with strong assurances; he faithfully promised.

5. Honestly; truly; without defect, fraud, trick or ambiguity. The battle was faithfully described or represented. They suppose the nature of things to be faithfully signified by their names.

South.

6. Confidently; steadily.

Shak.

Faithfulness

FA'ITHFULNESS, noun Fidelity; loyalty; firm adherence to allegiance and duty; as the faithfulness of a subject.

2. Truth; veracity; as the faithfulness of God.

3. Strict adherence to injunctions, and to the duties of a station; as the faithfulness of servants or ministers.

4. Strict performance of promises, vows or covenants; constancy in affection; as the faithfulness of a husband or wife.

Faithless

FA'ITHLESS, adjective Without belief in the revealed truths of religion; unbelieving. O faithless generation. Matthew 17.

2. Not believing; not giving credit to.

3. Not adhering to allegiance or duty; disloyal; perfidious; treacherous; as a faithless subject.

4. Not true to a master or employer; neglectful; as a faithless servant.

5. Not true to the marriage covenant; false; as a faithless husband or wife.

6. Not observant of promises.

7. Deceptive. Yonder faithless phantom.

Goldsmith.

Faithlessness

FA'ITHLESSNESS, noun Unbelief, as to revealed religion.

2. Perfidy; treachery; disloyalty; as in subjects.

3. Violation of promises or covenants; inconstancy; as of husband or wife.

Faitour

FA'ITOUR, noun [Norm. from Latin factor.] An evildoer; a scoundrel; a mean fellow. Obs.

Spenser.

Fake

FAKE, noun [Scot. faik, to fold, a fold, a layer or stratum; perhaps Swedish vika, vickla, to fold or involve. The sense of fold may be to lay, to fall, or to set or throw together, and this word may belong to Saxon foegan, fegan, to unite, to suit, to fadge, that is, to set or lay together.] One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.

Mar. Dict.

Fakir

F`AKIR, or F`AQUIR, noun [This word signifies in Arabic, a poor man; in Ethiopic, an interpreter.] A monk in India. The fakirs subject themselves to severe austerities and mortifications. Some of them condemn themselves to a standing posture all their lives, supported only by a stick or rope under their arm-pits. Some mangle their bodies with scourges or knives. Others wander about in companies, telling fortunes, and these are said to be arrant villains.

Encyc.

Falcade

FALCA'DE, noun [Latin falx, a sickle or sythe.] A horse is said to make a falcade, when he throws himself on his haunches two or three times, as in very quick curvets; that is, a falcade is a bending very low.

Harris.

Falcate

FALC'ATE, or FALC'ATED, adjective [Latin falcatus, from falx, a sickle, sythe or reaping-hook.] Hooked; bent like a sickle or sythe; an epithet applied to the new moon.

Bailey.

Falcation

FALCA'TION, noun Crookedness; a bending in the form of a sickle.

Brown.

Falchion

FAL'CHION, n. fal'chun. a is pronounced as in fall. [French fauchon, from Latin falx, a reaping-hook.] A short crooked sword; a cimiter.

Dryden.

Falciform

FAL'CIFORM, adjective [Latin falx, a reaping-hook, and form.] In the shape of a sickle; resembling a reaping-hook.

Falcon

FAL'CON, noun sometimes pron. fawcon. [French faucon; Italian falcone; Latin falco, a hawk; Welsh gwalÃƒ-§, a crested one, a hero, a hawk, that which rises or towers. The falcon is probably so named from its curving beak or talons.]

1. A hawk; but appropriately, a hawk trained to sport, as in falconry, which see. It is said that this name is, by sportsmen, given to the female alone; for the male is smaller, weaker and less courageous, and is therefore called tircelet or tarsel.

Encyc. This term, in ornithology, is applied to a division of the genus Falco, with a short hooked beak and very long wings, the strongest armed and most courageous species, and therefore used in falconry.

Cuvier. Ed. Encyc.

2. A sort of cannon, whose diameter at the bore is five inches and a quarter, and carrying shot of two pounds and a half.

Harris.

Falconer

FAL'CONER, noun [French fauconnier.] A person who breeds and trains hawks for taking wild fowls; one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks.

Johnson.

Falconet

FAL'CONET, noun [French falconette.] A small cannon or piÃƒ-©ce of ordnance, whose diameter at the bore is four inches and a quarter, and carrying shot of one pound and a quarter.

Harris.

Falconry

FAL'CONRY, noun [French fauconnerie, from Latin falco, a hawk.]

1. The art of training hawks to the exercise of hawking.

2. The practice of taking wild fowls by means of hawks.

Faldage

FALD'AGE, n. a as in all. [Welsh fald, a fold; Gothic faldan; Saxon fealdan, to fold; Law Latin faldagium.] In England, a privilege which anciently several lords reserved to themselves of setting up folds for sheep, in any fields within their manors, the better to manure them.

Harris.

Faldfee

FALD'FEE, noun A fee or composition paid anciently by tenants for the privilege of faldage.

Dict.

Falding

FALD'ING, noun A kind of coarse cloth. Obs.

Chaucer.

Faldstool

FALD'STOOL, noun [fald or fold and stool.] A kind of stool placed at the south side of the altar, at which the kings of England kneel at their coronation.

Johnson.

2. The chair of a bishop inclosed by the railing of the altar.

3. An arm-chair or folding chair.

Ashmole.

Fall

FALL, verb intransitive pret. fell; pp. fallen. [Saxon feallan; German fallen; Dutch vallen; Swedish falla; Danish falder; allied probably to Latin fallo, to fail, to deceive, Greek; Spanish hallar, to find, to fall on; French affaler, to lower. See Class Bl. No. 18. 28. 43. 49. 52. Fall coincides exactly with the Shemitic Hebrew Chaldee Syriac and Samaritan to fall. Fail agrees better with the Hebrew, and, but these words may have had one primitive root, the sense of which was to move, to recede, to pass. As these words are unquestionably the same in the Shemitic and Japhetic languages, they afford decisive evidence that the or first letter of the Shemitic words is a prefix. The Chaldee sense of is to defile, to make foul. See Foul. The same verb in Arabic signifies to shoot, to drive or throw an arrow, Greek.]

1. To drop from a higher place; to descend by the power of gravity alone. Rain falls from the clouds; a man falls from his horse; ripe fruits fall from trees; an ox falls into a pit. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke 10.

2. To drop from an erect posture. I fell at his feet to worship him. Revelation 19.

3. To disembogue; to pass at the outlet; to flow out of its channel into a pond, lake or sea, as a river. The Rhone falls into the Mediterranean sea. The Danube falls into the Euxine. The Mississippi falls into the gulf of Mexico.

4. To depart from the faith, or from rectitude; to apostatize. Adam fell by eating the forbidden fruit. Labor to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Hebrews 4.

5. To die, particularly by violence. Ye shall chase your enemies, and they shall fall before you by the sword. Leviticus 26. A thousand shall fall at thy side. Psalm 91.

6. To come to an end suddenly; to vanish; to perish. The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell and vanished.

Davies.

7. To be degraded; to sink into disrepute or disgrace; to be plunged into misery; as, to fall from an elevated station, or from a prosperous state.

8. To decline in power, wealth or glory; to sink into weakness; to be overthrown or ruined. This is the renowned Tyre; but oh, how fallen. Heaven and earth will witness, If Rome must fall, that we are innocent.

Addison.

9. To pass into a worse state than the former; to come; as, to fall into difficulties; to fall under censure or imputation; to fall into error or absurdity; to fall into a snare. In these and similar phrases, the sense of suddenness, accident or ignorance is often implied; but not always.

10. To sink; to be lowered. The mercury in a thermometer rises and falls with the increase and diminution of heat. The water of a river rises and falls. The tide falls.

11. To decrease; to be diminished in weight or value. The price of goods falls with plenty and rises with scarcity. Pliny tells us, the as fell from a pound to two ounces in the first Punic war.

Arbuthnot.

12. To sink; not to amount to the full. The greatness of finances and revenue doth fall under computation.

Bacon.

13. To be rejected; to sink into disrepute. This book must stand or fall with thee.

Locke.

14. To decline from violence to calmness, from intensity to remission. The wind falls and a calm succeeds. At length her fury fell.

Dryden.

15. To pass into a new state of body or mind; to become; as, to fall asleep; to fall distracted; to fall sick; to fall into rage or passion; to fall in love; to fall into temptation.

16. To sink into an air of dejection, discontent, anger, sorrow or shame; applied to the countenance or look. Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Genesis 4. I have observed of late thy looks are fallen.

Addison.

17. To happen; to befall; to come. Since this fortune falls to you.

Shak.

18. To light on; to come by chance. The Romans fell on this model by chance.

Swift.

19. To come; to rush on; to assail. Fear and dread shall fall on them. Exodus 15. And fear fell on them all. Acts 19.

20. To come; to arrive. The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene council fell on the 21st of March, falls now about ten days sooner.

Holder.

21. To come unexpectedly. It happened this evening that we fell into a pleasing walk.

Addison.

22. To begin with haste, ardor or vehemence; to rush or hurry to. They fell to blows. The mixt multitude fell to lusting. Numbers 11.

23. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution, inheritance or otherwise, as possession or property. The estate or the province fell to his brother. The kingdom fell into the hands of his rival. A large estate fell to his heirs.

24. To become the property of; to belong or appertain to. If to her share some female errors fall, Look in her face, and you'll forget them all.

Pope.

25. To be dropped or uttered carelessly. Some expressions fell from him. An unguarded expression fell from his lips. Not a word fell from him on the subject.

26. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint. Our hopes and fears rise and fall with good or ill success.

27. To be brought forth. Take care of lambs when they first fall.

Mortimer.

28. To issue; to terminate. Sit still, my daughter, till thou knowest how the matter will fall. Ruth 3.

To fall aboard of, to strike against another ship.

To fall astern, to move or be driven backward; or to remain behind. A ship falls astern by the force of a current, or when outsailed by another.

To fall away, to lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine.

2. To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel.

3. To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize; to sink into wickedness. These for awhile believe, and in time of temptation fall away. Luke 8.

4. To perish; to be ruined; to be lost. How can the soulÃ‚--fall away into nothing.

Addison.

5. To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint. One color falls away by just degrees, and another rises insensibly.

Addison.

To fall back, to recede; to give way.

2. To fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill.

To fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm.

To fall down, to prostrate one's self in worship. All nations shall fall down before him. Psalm 72.

2. To sink; to come to the ground.

Down fell the beauteous youth.

Dryden.

3. To bend or bow as a suppliant. Isaiah 45.

4. To sail or pass towards the mouth of a river, or other outlet.

To fall foul, to attack; to make an assault.

To fall from, to recede from; to depart; not to adhere; as, to fall from an agreement or engagement.

2. To depart from allegiance or duty; to revolt.

To fall in, to concur; to agree with. The measure falls in with popular opinion.

2. To comply; to yield to. You will find it difficult to persuade learned men to fall in with your projects.

Addison.

3. To come in; to join; to enter. Fall into the ranks; fall in on the right.

To fall in with, to meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land.

To fall off, to withdraw; to separate; to be broken or detached. Friends fall off in adversity. Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide.

Shak.

2. To perish; to die away. Words fall off by disuse.

3. To apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty. Those captive tribes fell off From God to worship calves.

Milton.

4. To forsake; to abandon. His subscribers fell off.

5. To drop. Fruits fall off when ripe.

6. To depreciate; to depart from former excellence; to become less valuable or interesting. The magazine or the review falls off; it has fallen off.

7. To deviate or depart from the course directed, or to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward.

To fall on, to begin suddenly and eagerly.

Fall on, and try thy appetite to eat.

Dryden.

2. To begin an attack; to assault; to assail.

Fall on, fall on, and hear him not.

Dryden.

3. To drop on; to descend on.

To fall out, to quarrel; to begin to contend. A soul exasperated in ills, falls out With every thing, its friend, itselfÃ‚--

Addison.

2. To happen; to befall; to chance. There fell out a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the mice.

L'Estrange.

To fall over, to revolt; to desert from one side to another.

2. To fall beyond.

Shak.

To fall short, to be deficient. The corn falls short. We all fall short in duty.

To fall to, to begin hastily and eagerly.

Fall to, with eager joy, on homely food.

Dryden.

2. To apply one's self to. He will never after fall to labor. They fell to raising money, under pretense of the relief of Ireland.

Clarendon.

To fall under, to come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to. They fell under the jurisdiction of the emperor.

2. To come under; to become the subject of. This point did not fall under the cognizance or deliberations of the court. These things do not fall under human sight or observation.

3. To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with. These substances fall under a different class or order.

To fall upon, to attack. [See to fall on.]

2. To attempt. I do not intend to fall upon nice disquisitions.

Holder.

3. To rush against.

Fall primarily denotes descending motion, either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and in most of its applications, implies literally or figuratively velocity, haste, suddenness or violence. Its use is so various and so much diversified by modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in all its applications.

Fall

FALL, verb transitive To let fall; to drop. And fall thy edgeless sword. I am willing to fall this argument.

Shak. Dryden.

[This application is obsolete.]

2. To sink; to depress; as, to raise or fall the voice.

3. To diminish; to lessen or lower; as, to fall the price of commodities. [Little used.]

4. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs. [Little used.]

Shak.

5. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a tree. [This use is now common in America, and fell and fall are probably from a common root.]

Fall

FALL, noun The act of dropping or descending from a higher to a lower place by gravity; descent; as a fall from a horse or from the yard of a ship.

2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. He was walking on ice and had a fall.

3. Death; destruction; overthrow. Our fathers had a great fall before our enemies.

Judith.

4. Ruin; destruction. They conspire thy fall.

Denham.

5. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; as the fall of cardinal Wolsey. Behold thee glorious only in thy fall.

Pope.

6. Declension of greatness, power or dominion; ruin; as the fall of the Roman empire.

7. Diminution; decrease of price or value; depreciation; as the fall of prices; the fall of rents; the fall of interest.

8. Declination of sound; a sinking of tone; cadence; as the fall of the voice at the close of a sentence.

9. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope.

Bacon.

10. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a steep place; usually in the plural; sometimes in the singular; as the falls of Niagara, or the Mohawk; the fall of the Hoosatonuc at Canaan. Fall is applied to a perpendicular descent, or to one that is very steep. When the descent is moderate, we name it rapids. Custom however sometimes deviates from this rule, and the rapids of rivers are called falls.

11. The outlet or discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; as the fall of the Po into the gulf of Venice.

Addison.

12. Extent of descent; the distance which any thing falls; as, the water of a pond has a fall of five feet.

13. The fall of the leaf; the season when leaves fall from trees; autumn.

14. That which falls; a falling; as a fall of rain or snow.

15. The act of felling or cutting down; as the fall of timber.

16. Fall, or the fall, by way of distinction, the apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels.

17. Formerly, a kind of vail.

B. Jonson.

18. In seamen's language, the loose end of a tackle.

Mar. Dict.

19. In Great Britain, a term applied to several measures, linear, superficial and solid.

Cyc.

Fallacious

FALLA'CIOUS, adjective [French fallacieux; Latin fallax, from fallo, to deceive. See Fail.]

1. Deceptive; deceiving; deceitful; wearing a false appearance; misleading; producing error or mistake; sophistical; applied to things only; as a fallacious argument or proposition; a fallacious appearance.

2. Deceitful; false; not well founded; producing disappointment; mocking expectation; as a fallacious hope.

Fallaciously

FALLA'CIOUSLY, adverb In a fallacious manner; deceitfully; sophistically; with purpose or in a manner to deceive. We have seen how fallaciously the author has stated the cause.

Addison.

Fallaciousness

FALLA'CIOUSNESS, noun Tendency to deceive or mislead; inconclusiveness; as the fallaciousness of an argument, or of appearances.

Fallacy

FAL'LACY, noun [Latin fallacia.] Deceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or the mind. Detect the fallacy of the argument.

2. Deception; mistake. This appearance may be all a fallacy. I'll entertain the favored fallacy.

Shak.

Fallen

FALL'EN, participle passive or adjective Dropped; descended; degraded; decreased; ruined.

Fallency

FAL'LENCY, noun Mistake. Obs.

Faller

FALL'ER, noun One that falls.

Fallibility

FALLIBIL'ITY, noun [Italian fallibilitÃƒ- . See Fallible.]

1. Liableness to deceive; the quality of being fallible; uncertainty; possibility of being erroneous, or of leading to mistake; as the fallibility of an argument, of reasoning or of testimony.

2. Liableness to err or to be deceived in one's own judgment; as the fallibility of men.

Fallible

FAL'LIBLE, adjective [Italian fallibile; Spanish falible; from Latin fallo, to deceive.]

1. Liable to fail or mistake; that may err or be deceived in judgment. All men are fallible.

2. Liable to error; that may deceive. Our judgments, our faculties, our opinions are fallible; our hopes are fallible.

Falling

FALL'ING, participle of the present tense Descending; dropping; disemboguing; apostatizing; declining; decreasing; sinking; coming.

Falling

FALL'ING, or FALL'ING IN, noun An indenting or hollow; opposed to rising or prominence.

Addison.

Falling away, apostasy.

Falling off, departure from the line or course; declension.

Falling-Sickness

FALL'ING-SICKNESS, noun The epilepsy; a disease in which the patient suddenly loses his senses and falls.

Falling-Star

FALL'ING-STAR, noun A luminous meteor, suddenly appearing and darting through the air.

Falling-Stone

FALL'ING-STONE, noun A stone falling from the atmosphere; a meteorite; an aerolite.

Cyc.

Fallow

FAL'LOW, adjective [Saxon falewe, falu or fealo; Dutch vaal; German falb, fahl; French fauve, for falve; Latin fulvus; qu. helvus, for felvus. This word may be from the root of fail, fallo; so called from the fading color of autumnal leaves, or from failure, withering. Hence also the sense of unoccupied, applied to land, which in Spanish is baldio.]

1. Pale red, or pale yellow; as a fallow deer.

2. Unsowed; not tilled; left to rest after a year or more of tillage; as fallow ground; a fallow field. Break up your fallow ground. Jeremiah 4.

3. Left unsowed after plowing. The word is applied to the land after plowing.

4. Unplowed; uncultivated.

Tooke. Shak.

5. Unoccupied; neglected. [Not in use.] Let the cause lie fallow.

Hudibras.

Fallow

FAL'LOW, noun Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded. It is also called fallow when plowed without being sowed. The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land.

Mortimer.

2. The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it, for a season. Summer fallow, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying weeds. By a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow. The fallow gives it a better tilth, than can be given by a fallow corp.

Sinclair. A green fallow, in England, is that where land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds, by means of some green crop, as turneps, potatoes, &c. Cyc.

Fallow

FAL'LOW, verb intransitive To fade; to become yellow. Obs.

Fallow

FAL'LOW, verb transitive To plow, harrow and break land without seeding it, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and rendering it mellow. It is found for the interest of the farmer to fallow cold, strong, clayey land.

Fallow-Crop

FAL'LOW-CROP, noun The crop taken from fallowed ground.

Sinclair.

Fallowed

FAL'LOWED, participle passive Plowed and harrowed for a season, without being sown.

Fallow-Finch

FAL'LOW-FINCH, noun A small bird, the oenanthe or wheat-ear.

Fallowing

FAL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Plowing and harrowing land without sowing it.

Fallowing

FAL'LOWING, noun The operation of plowing and harrowing land without sowing it. Fallowing is found to contribute to the destruction of snails and other vermin.

Sinclair.

Fallowist

FAL'LOWIST, noun One who favors the practice of fallowing land. On this subject, a controversy has arisen between two sects, the fallowists and the anti-fallowists. [Unusual.]

Sinclair.

Fallowness

FAL'LOWNESS, noun A fallow state; barrenness; exemption from bearing fruit.

Donne.

Falsary

FALS'ARY, noun [See False.] A falsifier of evidence. [Not in use.]

Sheldon.

False

FALSE, adjective [Latin falsus, from fallo, to deceive; Spanish falso; Italian id.; French faux, fausse; Saxon false; Dutch valsch; German falsch; Swedish and Danish falsk; Welsh fals; Irish falsa. See Fall and Fail.]

1. Not true; not conformable to fact; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is done, said or thought. A false report communicates what is not done or said. A false accusation imputes to a person what he has not done or said. A false witness testifies what is not true. A false opinion is not according to truth or fact. The word is applicable to any subject, physical or moral.

2. Not well founded; as a false claim.

3. Not true; not according to the lawful standard; as a false weight or measure.

4. Substituted for another; succedaneous; supposititious; as a false bottom.

5. Counterfeit; forged; not genuine; as false coin; a false bill or note.

6. Not solid or sound; deceiving expectations; as a false foundation.

False and slippery ground.

Dryden.

7. Not agreeable to rule or propriety; as false construction in language.

8. Not honest or just; not fair; as false play.

9. Not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfidious; deceitful. The king's subjects may prove false to him. So we say, a false heart.

10. Unfaithful; inconstant; as a false friend; a false lover; false to promises and vows. The husband and wife proved false to each other.

11. Deceitful; treacherous; betraying secrets.

12. Counterfeit; not genuine or real; as a false diamond.

13. Hypocritical; feigned; made or assumed for the purpose of deception; as false tears; false modesty. The man appears in false colors. The advocate gave the subject a false coloring.

False fire, a blue flame, made by the burning of certain combustibles, in a wooden tube; used as a signal during the night.

Mar. Dict.

False imprisonment, the arrest and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a person in custody.

False

FALSE, adverb Not truly; not honestly; falsely.

Shak.

False

FALSE, verb transitive To violate by failure of veracity; to deceive. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To defeat; to balk; to evade. Obs.

Spenser.

False-Heart

FALSE-HEART, or FALSE-HEARTED, adjective Hollow; treacherous; deceitful; perfidious. [The former is not used.]

Bacon.

False-Heartedness

FALSE-HEARTEDNESS, noun Perfidiousness; treachery.

Stilling fleet.

Falsehood

FALSEHOOD, n. fols'hood. [false and hood.]

1. Contrariety or inconformity to fact or truth; as the falsehood of a report.

2. Want of truth or veracity; a lie; an untrue assertion.

3. Want of honesty; treachery; deceitfulness; perfidy.

Milton. But falsehood is properly applied to things only. [See Falseness.]

4. Counterfeit; false appearance; imposture.

Milton.

Falsely

FALSELY, adv. fols'ly. In a manner contrary to truth and fact; not truly; as, to speak or swear falsely; to testify falsely.

2. Treacherously; perfidiously. Swear to meÃ‚--that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Genesis 21.

3. Erroneously; by mistake.

Smallridge.

Falseness

FALSENESS, n. fols'ness. Want of integrity and veracity, either in principle or in act; as the falseness of a man's heart, or his falseness to his word.

2. Duplicity; deceit; double-dealing.

Hammond.

3. Unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy; traitorousness. The prince is in no danger of being betrayed by the falseness, or cheated by the avarice of such a servant.

Rogers.

Falser

FALS'ER, noun A deceiver.

Spenser.

Falsetto

FALSET'TO, noun [Italian] A feigned voice.

Burke.

Falsifiable

FALS'IFIABLE, adjective [from falsify.] That may be falsified, counterfeited or corrupted.

Johnson.

Falsification

FALSIFICA'TION, noun [French from falsifier.]

1. The act of making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not; as the falsification of words.

Hooker.

2. Confutation.

Broome.

Falsificator

FALSIFICA'TOR, noun A falsifier.

Bp. Morton.

Falsified

FALS'IFIED, participle passive Counterfeited.

Falsifier

FALS'IFIER, noun One who counterfeits, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance; or one who makes false coin.

Boyle.

2. One who invents falsehood; a liar.

L'Estrange.

3. One who proves a thing to be false.

Falsify

FALS'IFY, verb transitive [French falsifier, from false.]

1. To counterfeit; to forge; to make something false, or in imitation of that which is true; as, to falsify coin. The Irish bards use to falsify every thing.

Spenser.

2. To disprove; to prove to be false; as, to falsify a record.

3. To violate; to break by falsehood; as, to falsify one's faith or word.

Sidney.

4. To show to be unsound, insufficient or not proof. [Not in use.] His ample shield is falsified.

Dryden.

Falsify

FALS'IFY, verb intransitive To tell lies; to violate the truth. It is universally unlawful to lie and falsify.

South.

Falsifying

FALS'IFYING, participle of the present tense Counterfeiting; forging; lying; proving to be false; violating.

Falsity

FALS'ITY, noun [Latin falsitas.] Contrariety or inconformity to truth; the quality of being false. Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or falsity of things.

South.

2. Falsehood; a lie; a false assertion. [This sense is less proper.]

Glanville.

Falter

FAL'TER, verb intransitive [Spanish faltar, to be deficient, from falta, fault, defect, failing, from falir, to fail, falla, fault, defect; Portugese faltar, to want, to miss; from Latin fallo, the primary sense of which is to fall short, or to err, to miss, to deviate.]

1. To hesitate, fail or break in the utterance of words; to speak with a broken or trembling utterance; to stammer. His tongue falters. He speaks with a faltering tongue. He falters at the question.

2. To fail, tremble or yield in exertion; not to be firm and steady. His legs falter.

Wiseman.

3. To fail in the regular exercise of the understanding. We observe ideots to falter.

Locke.

Falter

FAL'TER, verb transitive To sift. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

Faltering

FAL'TERING, participle of the present tense Hesitating; speaking with a feeble, broken, trembling utterance; failing.

Faltering

FAL'TERING, noun Feebleness; deficiency.

Killingbeck.

Falteringly

FAL'TERINGLY, adverb With hesitation; with a trembling, broken voice; with difficulty or feebleness.

Fame

FAME, noun [Latin fama; French fame; Spanish Italian fama; Greek, from, to speak. I suspect this root to be contracted from, or, Class Bg. See No. 48. 62. and Facund.]

1. Public report or rumor. The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house, saying, Joseph's brethren are come. Genesis 45.

2. Favorable report; report of good or great actions; report that exalts the character; celebrity; renown; as the fame of Howard or of Washington; the fame of Solomon. And the fame of Jesus went throughout all Syria. Matthew 4.

Fame

FAME, verb transitive To make famous.

B. Jonson.

2. To report.

Buck.

Famed

FA'MED, adjective Much talked of; renowned; celebrated; distinguished and exalted by favorable reports. Aristides was famed for learning and wisdom, and Cicero for eloquence. He is famed for mildness, peace and prayer.

Shak.

Fame-Giving

FA'ME-GIVING, adjective Bestowing fame.

Fameless

FA'MELESS, adjective Without renown.

Beaum.

Familiar

FAMIL'IAR, a. famil'yar. [Latin familiaris; French familier; Spanish familiar; from Latin familia, family, which see.]

1. Pertaining to a family; domestic.

Pope.

2. Accustomed by frequent converse; well acquainted with; intimate; close; as a familiar friend or companion.

3. Affable; not formal or distant; easy in conversation. Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.

Shak.

4. Well acquainted with; knowing by frequent use. Be familiar with the scriptures.

5. Well known; learnt or well understood by frequent use. Let the scriptures be familiar to us.

6. Unceremonious; free; unconstrained; easy. The emperor conversed with the gentleman in the most familiar manner.

7. Common; frequent and intimate. By familiar intercourse, strong attachments are soon formed.

8. Easy; unconstrained; not formal. His letters are written in a familiar style. He sports in loose familiar strains.

Addison.

9. Intimate in an unlawful degree. A poor man found a priest familiar with his wife.

Camden.

Familiar

FAMIL'IAR, noun An intimate; a close companion; one long acquainted; one accustomed to another by free, unreserved converse. All my familiars watched for my halting. Jeremiah 20.

2. A demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at a call. But in general we say, a familiar spirit.

Shak.

3. In the court of Inquisition, a person who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the accused.

Encyc.

Familiarity

FAMILIAR'ITY, noun Intimate and frequent converse, or association in company. The gentlemen lived in remarkable familiarity. Hence,

2. Easiness of conversation; affability; freedom from ceremony.

3. Intimacy; intimate acquaintance; unconstrained intercourse.

Familiarize

FAMIL'IARIZE, verb transitive To make familiar or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known, by practice or converse; as, to familiarize one's self to scenes of distress.

2. To make easy by practice or customary use, or by intercourse.

3. To bring down from a state of distant superiority. The genius smiled on me with a look of compassion and affability that familiarized him to my imagination.

Addison.

Familiarized

FAMIL'IARIZED, participle passive Accustomed; habituated; made easy by practice, custom or use.

Familiarizing

FAMIL'IARIZING, participle of the present tense Accustoming; rendering easy by practice, custom or use.

Familiarly

FAMIL'IARLY, adverb In a familiar manner; unceremoniously; without constraint; without formality.

2. Commonly; frequently; with the ease and unconcern that arises from long custom or acquaintance.

Familism

FAM'ILISM, noun The tenets of the familists.

Familist

FAM'ILIST, noun [from family.] One of the religious sect called the family of love.

Family

FAM'ILY, noun [Latin Spanish familia; French famille; Italian famiglia. This word is said to have originally signified servants, from the Celtic famul; but qu.]

1. The collective body of persons who live in one house and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children and servants, and as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.

2. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe or race; kindred; lineage. Thus the Israelites were a branch of the family of Abraham; and the descendants of Reuben, of Manasseh, &c., were called their families. The whole human race are the family of Adam, the human family.

3. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors. Go and complain thy family is young.

Pope.

4. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock. He is a man of family.

5. A collection or union of nations or states. The states of Europe were, by the prevailing maxims of its policy, closely united in one family.

E. Everett.

6. In popular language, an order, class or genus of animals or of other natural productions, having something in common, by which they are distinguished from others; as, quadrupeds constitute a family of animals, and we speak of the family or families of plants.

Famine

FAM'INE, noun [French famine, from faim; Latin fames; Italian fame; Spanish fame or hambre; Portugese fome.]

1. Scarcity of food; dearth; a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants of a country or besieged place. There was a famine in the land. Genesis 26.

Famines are less frequent than formerly. A due attention to agriculture tends to prevent famine, and commerce secures a country from its destructive effects.

2. Want; destitution; as a famine of the word of life.

Famish

FAM'ISH, verb transitive [French affamer, from faim, hunger, Latin fames; Italian affamire, affamare; Spanish hambrear.]

1. To starve; to kill or destroy with hunger.

Shak.

2. To exhaust the strength of, by hunger or thirst; to distress with hunger. The pains of famished Tantalus he'll feel.

Dryden.

3. To kill by deprivation or denial of any thing necessary for life.

Milton.

Famish

FAM'ISH, verb intransitive To die of hunger. More generally,

2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst; to be exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish, for want of food or drink. You are all resolved rather to die, than to famish.

Shak.

3. To be distressed with want; to come near to perish by destitution. The Lord will not suffer the righteous to famish. Proverbs 10.

Famished

FAM'ISHED, participle passive Starved; exhausted by want of sustenance.

Famishing

FAM'ISHING, participle of the present tense Starving; killing; perishing by want of food.

Famishment

FAM'ISHMENT, noun The pain of extreme hunger or thirst; extreme want of sustenance.

Hakewill.

Famous

FA'MOUS, adjective [Latin famosus; French fameux. See Fame.]

1. Celebrated in fame or public report; renowned; much talked of and praised; distinguished in story. Two hundred and fifty princes of the assembly, famous in the congregation. Numbers 16. It is followed by for. One man is famous for erudition; another, for eloquence; and another, for military skill.

2. Sometimes in a bad sense; as a famous counterfeiter; a famous pirate.

Famoused

FA'MOUSED, adjective Renowned. [An ill formed word.]

Shak.

Famously

FA'MOUSLY, adverb With great renown or celebration. Then this land was famously enriched With politic grave counsel.

Shak.

Famousness

FA'MOUSNESS, noun Renown; great fame; celebrity.

Boyle.

Fan

FAN, noun [Saxon fann; Swedish vanna; Dutch wan; German wanne; Latin vannus; French van; Spanish Portugese abano. The word, in German and Swedish, signifies a fan and a tub, as if from opening or spreading; if so, it seems to be allied to pane, pannel. Class Bn.]

1. An instrument used by ladies to agitate the air and cool the face in warm weather. It is made of feathers, or of thin skin, paper or taffety mounted on sticks, &c.

2. Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread, as a peacock's tail, a window, &c.

3. An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is thrown up and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away.

4. Something by which the air is moved; a wing.

Dryden.

5. An instrument to raise the fire or flame; as a fan to inflame love.

Hooker.

Fan-Light

FAN-LIGHT, noun A window in form of an open fan.

Fan

FAN, verb transitive To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan; to blow the air on the face with a fan.

2. To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put in motion. The fanning wind upon her bosom blows; To meet the fanning wind the bosom rose.

Dryden. Calm as the breath which fans our eastern groves. Dryden.

3. To move as with a fan. The airÃ‚--fanned with plumes.

Milton.

4. To winnow; to ventilate; to separate chaff from grain and drive it away by a current of air; as, to fan wheat.

Fanatic

FANAT'IC, or FANAT'ICAL, adjective [Latin fanaticus, phanaticus, from German, to appear; literally, seeing visions.] Wild and extravagant in opinions, particularly in religious opinions; excessively enthusiastic; possessed by a kind of frenzy. Hence we say, fanatic zeal; fanatic notions or opinions.

Fanatic

FANAT'IC, or FANAT'ICAL, noun A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion, and sometimes exhibits strange motions and postures, and vehement vociferation in religious worship. Fanatics sometimes affect to be inspired or to have intercourse with superior beings.

Fanatically

FANAT'ICALLY, adverb With wild enthusiasm.

Fanaticalness

FANAT'ICALNESS, noun Fanaticism.

Fanaticism

FANAT'ICISM, noun Excessive enthusiasm; wild and extravagant notions of religion; religious frenzy.

Rogers.

Fanaticize

FANAT'ICIZE, verb transitive To make fanatic.

Fancied

FAN'CIED, participle passive [See Fancy.] Imagined; conceived; liked.

Stephens.

Fanciful

FAN'CIFUL, adjective [See Fancy.] Guided by the imagination, rather than by reason and experience; subject to the influence of fancy; whimsical; applied to persons. A fanciful man forms visionary projects.

2. Dictated by the imagination; full of wild images; chimerical; whimsical; ideal; visionary; applied to things; as a faneiful scheme; a fanciful theory.

Fancifully

FAN'CIFULLY, adverb In a fanciful manner; wildly; whimsically.

2. According to fancy.

Fancifulness

FAN'CIFULNESS, noun The quality of being fanciful, or influenced by the imagination, rather than by reason and experience; the habit of following fancy; applied to persons.

2. The quality of being dictated by imagination; applied to things.

Fancy

FAN'CY, noun [contracted from fantasy, Latin phantasia, Greek, from, to cause to appear, to seem, to imagine, from, to show, to appear, to shine. The primary sense seems to be to open, or to shoot forth. Arabic to open, to appear; or to open or expand. Class Bn. No. 3. 28.]

1. The faculty by which the mind forms images or representations of things at pleasure. It is often used as synonymous with imagination; but imagination is rather the power of combining and modifying our conceptions.

Stewart.

2. An opinion or notion. I have always had a fancy, that learning might be made a play and recreation to children.

Locke.

3. Taste; conception. The little chapel called the salutation is very neat, and built with a pretty fancy.

Addison.

4. Image; conception; thought. How now, my lord, why do you keep alone; Of sorriest fancies your companions making?

Shak.

5. Inclination; liking. Take that which suits your fancy. How does this strike your fancy? His fancy lay to travelling.

L'Estrange.

6. Love. Tell me where is fancy bred.

Shak.

7. Caprice; humor; whim; as an odd or strange fancy. True worth shall gain me, that it may be said, Desert, not fancy, once a woman led.

Dryden.

8. False notion.

Bacon.

9. Something that pleases or entertains without real use or value. London-pride is a pretty fancy for borders.

Mortimer.

Fancy

FAN'CY, verb intransitive To imagine; to figure to one's self; to believe or suppose without proof. All may not be our enemies whom we fancy to be so. If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor, we rather fancy than know.

Locke.

Fancy

FAN'CY, verb transitive To form a conception of; to portray in the mind; to imagine. He whom I fancy, but can ne'er express.

Dryden.

2. To like; to be pleased with, particularly on account of external appearance or manners. We fancy a person for beauty and accomplishment. We sometimes fancy a lady at first sight, whom, on acquaintance, we cannot esteem.

Fancyframed

FAN'CYFRAMED, adjective Created by the fancy.

Crashaw.

Fancyfree

FAN'CYFREE, adjective Free from the power of love.

Shak.

Fancying

FAN'CYING, participle of the present tense Imagining; conceiving; liking.

Fancymonger

FAN'CYMONGER, noun One who deals in tricks of imagination.

Shak.

Fancysick

FAN'CYSICK, adjective One whose imagination is unsound, or whose distemper is in his own mind.

L'Estrange.

Fand

FAND, old pret. of find. Obs.

Spenser.

Fandango

FANDAN'GO, noun [Spanish.] A lively dance.

Spanish Dict.

Fane

FANE, noun [Latin fanum.] A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church; used in poetry. From men their cities, and from gods their fanes.

Pope.

Fanfare

FAN'FARE, noun [French] A coming into the lists with sound of trumpets; a flourish of trumpets.

Fanfaron

FAN'FARON, noun [French fanfaron; Spanish fanfarron; Portugese fanfarram.] A bully; a hector; a swaggerer; an empty boaster; a vain pretender.

Dryden.

Fanfaronade

FANFARONA'DE, noun A swaggering; vain boasting; ostentation; a bluster.

Swift.

Fang

FANG, verb transitive [Saxon fengan, to catch, seize or take, to begin; Dutch vangen; German fangen; Danish fanger; Swedish fÃƒ-¥nga. See Finger.] To catch; to seize; to lay hold; to gripe; to clutch. Obs.

Shak.

Fang

FANG, noun [Saxon fang; Dutch vang; German fang, a seizing.]

1. The tusk of a boar or other animal by which the prey is seized and held; a pointed tooth.

Bacon.

2. A claw or talon.

3. Any shoot or other thing by which hold is taken. The protuberant fangs of the Yuca.

Evelyn.

Fanged

FANG'ED, adjective Furnished with fangs, tusks, or something long and pointed; as a fanged adder.

Shak. Chariots fanged with sythes. Philips.

Fangle

FAN'GLE, n. fang'gl. [from Saxon fengan, to begin.] A new attempt; a trifling scheme. [Not used.]

Fangled

FAN'GLED, adjective Properly, begun, new made; hence, gawdy; showy; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, except with new. See New-fangled.]

Shak.

Fangless

FANG'LESS, adjective Having no fangs or tusks; toothless; as a fangless lion.

Fangot

FAN'GOT, noun A quantity of wares, as raw silk, &c., from one to two hundred weight and three quarters.

Dict.

Fanion

FAN'ION, n. fan'yon. [French from Gothic fana, Latin pannus, German fahne, a cloth, a flag, a banner.] In armies, a small flag carried with the baggage.

Encyc.

Fanned

FAN'NED, participle passive Blown with a fan; winnowed; ventilated.

Fannel

FAN'NEL, or FAN'ON, noun [French fanon; Gothic fana, supra.] A sort of ornament like a scarf, worn about the left arm of a mass-priest, when he officiates.

Dict.

Fanner

FAN'NER, noun One who fans.

Jeremiah.

Fanning

FAN'NING, participle of the present tense Blowing; ventilating.

Fantasied

FAN'TASIED, adjective [from fantasy, fancy.] Filled with fancies or imaginations; whimsical. [Not used.]

Shak.

Fantasm

FAN'TASM, noun [Greek, from, to appear. Usually written phantasm.] That which appears to the imagination; a phantom; something not real.

Fantastic

FANTAS'TIC, or FANTAS'TICAL, adjective [French fantastique; Italian fantastico; from Greek, vision, fancy, from, to appear.]

1. Fanciful; produced or existing only in imagination; imaginary; not real; chimerical.

South.

2. Having the nature of a phantom; apparent only.

Shak.

3. Unsteady; irregular.

Prior.

4. Whimsical; capricious; fanciful; indulging the vagaries of imagination; as fantastic minds; a fantastie mistress.

5. Whimsical; odd.

Fantastically

FANTAS'TICALLY, adverb By the power of imagination.

2. In a fantastic manner; capriciously; unsteadily. Her scepter so fantastically borne.

Shak.

3. Whimsically; in compliance with fancy.

Grew.

Fantasticalness

FANTAS'TICALNESS, noun Compliance with fancy; humorousness; whimsicalness; unreasonableness; caprice.

Johnson.

Fantasy

FAN'TASY, noun Now written fancy, which see. Is not this something more than fantasy?

Shak.

Fantom

FAN'TOM, noun [French fantome, probably contracted from Latin phantasma, from the Greek See Fancy.] Something that appears to the imagination; also, a specter; a ghost; an apparition. It is generally written phantom, which see.

Fap

FAP, adjective Fuddled. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Faquir

FAQUIR, [See Fakir.]

Far

F`AR, adjective [Saxon feor; fior or fyr; Dutch ver, verre; German fern, and in composition, ver; Swedish fierran; Danish fiern; Latin porro; Greek; connected with, a way, a passing,, to pass or go, Saxon and Gothic faran, German fahren, Dutch vaaren, Danish farer, Swedish fara, to fare. See Fare.]

1. Distant, in any direction; separated by a wide space from the place where one is, or from any given place remote. They said, we are come from a far country. Joshua 9. The kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country. Matthew 25. The nations far and near contend in choice.

Dryden.

2. Figuratively, remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; as, far be it from me to justify cruelty.

3. Remote in affection or obedience; at enmity with; alienated; in a spiritual sense. They that are far from thee shall perish. Psalm 73.

4. More or most distant of the two; as the far side of a horse. But the drivers of teams in New England generally use off; as the off side, or off horse or ox.

Far

F`AR, adverb To a great extent or distance of space; as the far extended ocean; we are separated far from each other. Only ye shall not go very far away. Exodus 8.

2. Figuratively, distantly in time from any point; remotely. He pushed his researches very far into antiquity.

3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. How far will such reasoning lead us?

4. In great part; as, the day is far spent.

5. In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much. Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. Proverbs 31. For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ, which is far better. Philippians 1.

6. To a certain point, degree or distance. This argument is sound and logical, as far as it goes. Answer them How far forth you do like their articles.

Shak.

From far, from a great distance; from a remote place.

Far from, at a great distance; as far from home; far from hope.

Far off, at a great distance. They tarried in a place that was far off. 2 Samuel 15.

2. To a great distance. Lo then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. Psalm 55.

3. In a spiritual sense, alienated; at enmity; in a state of ignorance and alienation. Ye, who were sometime far off, are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Ephesians 2.

Far other, very different.

Pope.

Far-About

FAR-ABOUT', noun A going out of the way. [Not in use.]

Fuller.

Far-Famed

F`AR-FAMED, adjective Widely celebrated.

Pope.

Far-Fetch

F`AR-FETCH, noun A deep laid stratagem. [Little used.]

Hudibras.

Far-Fetched

F`AR-FETCHED, adjective Brought from a remote place. Whose pains have earned the far-fetched spoil.

Milton.

2. Studiously sought; not easily or naturally deduced or introduced; forced; strained. York with all his far-fetched policy.

Shak. So we say, far-fetched arguments; far-fetched rhymes; far-fetched analogy. [Far-fet, the same, is not used.]

Far-Piercing

FAR-PIER'CING, adjective Striking or penetrating a great way; as a far-piercing eye.

Pope.

Far-Shooting

FAR-SHOOT'ING, adjective Shooting to a great distance. Great Jove, he said, and the far-shooting god.

Dryden.

Far

F`AR, noun [Saxon foerh, fearh. See Farrow.] The young of swine; or a litter of pigs. [Local.]

Tusser.

Farce

F`ARCE, v. t. fÃƒ- rs. [Latin farcio, French farcir, to stuff, Armoric farsa.]

1. To stuff; to fill with mingled ingredients. [Little used.] The first principles of religion should not be farced with school points and private tenets.

Sanderson.

2. To extend; to swell out; as the farced title. [Little used.]

Shak.

Farce

F`ARCE, n. fÃƒ- rs. [French farce; Italian farsa; Spanish id.; from farcio, to stuff. Literally, seasoning, stuffing or mixture, like the stuffing of a roasted fowl; force-meat.] A dramatic composition, originally exhibited by charlatans or buffoons, in the open street, for the amusement of the crowd, but now introduced upon the stage. It is written without regularity, and filled with ludicrous conceits. The dialogue is usually low, the persons of inferior rank, and the fable or action trivial or ridiculous.

Encyc.

Farce is that in poetry which grotesque is in a picture: the persons and actions of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners false.

Dryden.

Farcical

F`ARCICAL, adjective Belonging to a farce; appropriated to farce. They deny the characters to be farcical, because they are actually in nature.

Gay.

2. Droll; ludicrous; ridiculous.

3. Illusory; deceptive.

Farcically

F`ARCICALLY, adverb In a manner suited to farce; hence, ludicrously.

Farcilite

F`ARCILITE, noun [from farce.] Pudding-stone. The calcarious farcilite, called amenla, is formed of rounded calcarious pebbles, agglutinated by a calcarious cement.

Kirwan, Geol.

Farcin

F`ARCIN, or F`ARCY, noun A disease of horses, sometimes of oxen, of the nature of a scabies or mange.

Encyc.

Farcing

F`ARCING, noun Stuffing composed of mixed ingredients.

Carew.

Farctate

F`ARCTATE, adjective [Latin farctus, stuffed, from farcio.] In botany, stuffed; crammed, or full; without vacuities; in opposition to tubular or hollow; as a farctate leaf, stem or pericarp.

Martyn.

Fard

F`ARD, verb transitive [French] To paint. [Not used.]

Shenstone.

Fardel

F`ARDEL, noun [Italian fardello; French fardeau; Spanish fardel, fardo; Armoric fardell; probably from the root of Latin fero, to bear, or of farcio, to stuff.] A bundle or little pack.

Shak.

Fardel

F`ARDEL, verb transitive To make up in bundles.

Fuller.

Fare

FARE, verb intransitive [Saxon and Gothic faran, to go; Dutch vaaren; German fahren; Swedish fara; Danish farer. This word may be connected in origin with the Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan, Arabic abara, to go, to pass; or with afara, to pass, or pass over, which seems to be radically the same word as nafara, to flee. This coincides with the Ethiopic wafar, to go, to pass, Greek, Irish bara. Class Br. No. 23. 37. 41.]

1. To go; to pass; to move forward; to travel. So on he fares, and to the border comes Of Eden.

Milton.

[In this literal sense the word is not in common use.]

2. To be in any state, good or bad; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate. So fares the stag among th' enraged hounds

Denham. So fared the knight between two foes.

Hudibras. He fared very well; he fared very ill. Go further and fare worse. The sense is taken from going, having a certain course; hence, being subjected to a certain train of incidents. The rich man fared sumptuously every day. He enjoyed all the pleasure which wealth and luxury could afford. Luke 16.

3. To feed; to be entertained. We fared well; we had a good table, and courteous treatment.

4. To proceed in a train of consequences, good or bad. So fares it when with truth falsehood contends.

Milton.

5. To happen well or ill; with it impersonally. We shall see how it will fare with him.

Fare

FARE, noun The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due, for conveying a person by land or water; as the fare for crossing a river, called also ferriage; the fare for conveyance in a coach; stage-fare. The price of conveyance over the ocean is now usually called the passage, or passage money. Fare is never used for the price of conveying goods; this is called freight or transportation.

2. Food; provisions of the table. We lived on coarse fare, or we had delicious fare.

3. The person conveyed in a vehicle. [Not in use in U. States.]

Drummond.

Farewell

FA'REWELL, a compound of fare, in the imperative, and well. Go well; originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left. The verb and adverb are often separated by the pronoun; fare you well; I wish you a happy departure; may you be well in your absence. It is sometimes an expression of separation only. Farewell the year; farewell ye sweet groves; that is, 1 take my leave of you.

Farewell

FA'REWELL, noun A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment; adieu.

2. Leave; act of departure. And takes her farewell of the glorious sun.

Shak. Before I take my farewell of the subject.

Addison.

Farin

FAR'IN, or FARI'NA, noun [Latin farina, meal.] In botany, the pollen, fine dust or powder, contained in the anthers of plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and fructify the plant.

2. In chimistry, starch or fecula, one of the proximate principles of vegetables.

Fossil farina, a variety of carbonate of lime, in thin white crusts, light as cotton, and easily reducible to powder.

Cleaveland.

Farinaceous

FARINA'CEOUS, adjective [from Latin farina, meal.]

1. Consisting or made of meal or flour; as a farinaceous diet, which consists of the meal or flour of the various species of corn or grain.

2. Containing meal; as farinaceous seeds.

3. Like meal; mealy; pertaining to meal; as a farinaceous taste or smell.

Farm

F`ARM, noun [Saxon farma, fearm, or feorm, food, provisions, board, a meal, a dinner or supper, hospitality, substance, goods, use, fruit. Hence, feormian, to supply provisions, to entertain; also, to purge or purify, to expiate, to avail, to profit. Armoric ferm, or feurm; in ancient laws, firma; French ferme, a farm, or letting to farm, whence affermer, to hire or lease. The sense of feorm seems to be corn or provisions, in which formerly rents were paid. The radical sense of feorm, provisions, is probably produce, issues, from one of the verbs in Br; produce and purification both implying separation, a throwing off or out.]

1. A tract of land leased on rent reserved; ground let to a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum annually or otherwise for the use of it. A farm is usually such a portion of land as is cultivated by one man, and includes the buildings and fences. Rents were formerly paid in provisions, or the produce of land; but now they are generally paid in money. This is the signification of farm in Great Britain, where most of the land is leased to cultivators.

2. In the United States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of grass land, meadow, pasture, tillage and woodland, cultivated by one man and usually owned by him in fee. A like tract of land under lease is called a farm; but most cultivators are proprietors of the land, and called farmers. A tract of new land, covered with forest, if intended to be cultivated by one man as owner, is also called a farm. A man goes into the new States, or into the unsettled country, to buy a farm, that is, land for a farm.

3. The state of land leased on rent reserved; a lease. It is great wilfulness in landlords to make any longer farms to their tenants.

Spenser.

Farm

F`ARM, verb transitive To lease, as land, on rent reserved; to let to a tenant on condition of paying rent. We are enforced to farm our royal realm.

Shak.

[In this sense, I believe, the word is not used in America.]

2. To take at a certain rent or rate. [Not used in America.]

3. To lease or let, as taxes, impost or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. It is customary in many countries for the prince or government to farm the revenues, the taxes or rents, the imposts and excise, to individuals, who are to collect and pay them to the government at a certain percentage or rate per cent.

4. To take or hire for a certain rate per cent.

5. To cultivate land.

To farm let, or let to farm, is to lease on rent.

Farmhouse

F`ARMHOUSE, noun A house attached to a farm, and for the residence of a farmer.

Farm-Office

F`ARM-OFFICE, noun Farm-offices, are the out buildings pertaining to a farm.

Farmyard

F`ARMYARD, noun The yard or inclosure attached to a barn; or the inclosure surrounded by the farm buildings.

Farmable

F`ARMABLE, adjective That may be farmed.

Sherwood.

Farmed

F`ARMED, participle passive Leased on rent; let out at a certain rate or price.

Farmer

F`ARMER, noun In Great Britain, a tenant; a lessee; one who hires and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased ground.

Shak.

2. One who takes taxes, customs, excise or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent; as a farmer of the revenues.

3. One who cultivates a farm; a husbandman; whether a tenant or the proprietor.

United States.

4. In mining, the lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the king.

Encyc.

Farming

F`ARMING, participle of the present tense Letting or leasing land on rent reserved, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent.

2. Taking on lease.

3. Cultivating land; carrying on the business of agriculture.

Farming

F`ARMING, noun The business of cultivating land.

Farmost

F`ARMOST, adjective [far and most.] Most distant or remote.

Dryden.

Farness

F`ARNESS, noun [from far.] Distance; remoteness.

Carew.

Farraginous

FARRAG'INOUS, adjective [Latin farrago, a mixture, from far, meal.] Formed of various materials; mixed; as a farraginous mountain.

Kirwan.

Farrago

FARRA'GO, noun [Latin from far, meal.] A mass composed of various materials confusedly mixed; a medley.

Farreation

FARREATION. [See Confarreation.]

Farrier

FAR'RIER, noun [French ferrant; Italian ferraio; Spanish herrador; Latin ferrarius, from ferrum, iron. French ferrer; Italian ferrare, to bind with iron; ``ferrare un cavallo', to shoe a horse. Ferrum is probably from hardness; Welsh fer, dense, solid; feru, to harden, or congeal; feris, steel. A farrier is literally a worker in iron.]

1. A shoer of horses; a smith who shoes horses.

2. One who professes to cure the diseases of horses.

Farrier

FAR'RIER, verb intransitive To practice as a farrier.

Farriery

FAR'RIERY, noun The art of preventing, curing or mitigating the diseases of horses.

Encyc. This is now called the veterinary art.

Farrow

FAR'ROW, noun [Saxon fearh, foerh; Dutch varken; German ferkel.] A litter of pigs.

Shak.

Farrow

FAR'ROW, verb transitive To bring forth pigs. [Used of swine only.]

Tusser.

Farrow

FAR'ROW, adjective [Dutch vaare; ``een vaare koe,' a dry cow; Scot. ferry cow. Qu. the root of bare, barren.] Not producing young in a particular season or year; applied to cows only. If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is said to be farrow, or to go farrow. Such a cow may give milk through the year.

New England.

Farther

F`ARTHER, adjective comp. [Saxon forther, from feor, far, or rather from forth, from the root of faran, to go; Dutch verder.]

1. More remote; more distant than something else. Let me add a farther truth.

Dryden.

2. Longer; tending to a greater distance. Before our farther way the fates allow.

Dryden.

Farther

F`ARTHER, adverb At or to a greater distance; more remotely; beyond. Let us rest with what we have, without looking farther.

2. Moreover; by way of progression in a subject. Farther, let us consider the probable event.

Farther

F`ARTHER, verb transitive To promote; to advance; to help forward. [Little used.]

Fartherance

F`ARTHERANCE, noun A helping forward; promotion. [Not used.]

Farthermore

F`ARTHERMORE, adverb Besides; moreover. [Little used.] Instead of the last three words, we now use furtherancÃƒ-©, furthermore, further; which see.

Farthest

F`ARTHEST, adjective superl. [Saxon feorrest; Dutch verst. See Furthest.] Most distant or remote; as the farthest degree.

Farthest

F`ARTHEST, adverb At or to the greatest distance. [See Furthest.]

Farthing

F`ARTHING, noun [Saxon feorthung, from feorth, fourth, from feower, four.]

1. The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain, being the fourth of a penny in value. In America we have no coin of this kind. We however use the word to denote the fourth part of a penny in value, but the penny is of different value from the English penny, and different in different states. It is becoming obsolete, with the old denominations of money.

2. Farthings, in the plural, copper coin.

Gay.

3. Very small price or value. It is not worth a farthing, that is, it is of very little worth, or worth nothing.

4. A division of land. [Not now used.] Thirty acres make a farthing-land; nine farthings a Cornish acre; and four Cornish acres a knight's fee.

Carew.

Farthingale

F`ARTHINGALE, noun [This is a compound word, but it is not easy to analyze it. The French has vertugadin; the Spanish verdugado; Portugese verdugada; which do not well correspond with the English word. The Italian has guardinfante, infant-guard; and it has been said that the hoop petticoat was first worn by pregnant women.] A hoop petticoat; or circles of hoops, formed of whalebone, used to extend the petticoat.

Farthingsworth

F`ARTHINGSWORTH, noun As much as is sold for a farthing.

Arbuthnot.

Fasces

FAS'CES, n. plu. [Latin fascis, Welsh fasg, a bundle; fascia, a band. See Class Bz. No. 24. 35. 60.] In Roman antiquity, an ax tied up with a bundle of rods, and borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority.

Dryden.

Fascia

FAS'CIA, n. fash'ia. [Latin a band or sash.]

1. A band, sash or fillet. In architecture, any flat member with a small projecture, as the band of an architrave. Also, in brick buildings, the jutting of the bricks beyond the windows in the several stories except the highest.

Encyc.

2. In astronomy, the belt of a planet.

3. In surgery, a bandage, roller or ligature.

Parr.

4. In anatomy, a tendinous expansion or aponeurosis; a thin tendinous covering which surrounds the muscles of the limbs, and binds them in their places.

Parr. Cyc.

Fascial

FAS'CIAL, a. fash'ial. Belonging to the fasces.

Fasciated

FAS'CIATED, a. fash'iated. Bound with a fillet, sash or bandage.

Fasciation

FASCIA'TION, n. fashia'tion. The act or manner of binding up diseased parts; bandage.

Wiseman.

Fascicle

FAS'CICLE, noun [Latin fasciculus, from fascis, a bundle.] In botany, a bundle, or little bundle; a species of inflorescence, or manner of flowering, in which several upright, parallel, fastigiate, approximating flowers are collected together.

Martyn.

Fascicular

FASCIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin fascicularis.] United in a bundle; as a fascicular root, a root of the tuberous kind, with the knobs collected in bundles, as in Paeonia.

Martyn.

Fascicularly

FASCIC'ULARLY, adverb In the form of bundles.

Kirwan.

Fasciculate

FASCIC'ULATE, or FASCIC'ULATED, or FAS'CICLED, adjective [from fasciculus, supra.] Growing in bundles or bunches from the same point, as the leaves of the Larix or larch.

Martyn.

Fasciculite

FASCIC'ULITE, noun [supra.] A variety of fibrous hornblend, of a fascicular structure.

Hitchcock.

Fascinate

FAS'CINATE, verb transitive [Latin fascino; Greek.]

1. To bewitch; to enchant; to operate on by some powerful or irresistible influence; to influence the passions or affections in an incontrollable manner. None of the affections have been noted to fascinate and bewitch, but love and envy.

Bacon.

2. To charm; to captivate; to excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully. The young are fascinated by love; female beauty fascinates the unguarded youth; gaming is a fascinating vice.

Fascinated

FAS'CINATED, participle passive Bewitched; enchanted; charmed.

Fascinating

FAS'CINATING, participle of the present tense Bewitching; enchanting; charming; captivating.

Fascination

FASCINA'TION, noun The act of bewitching or enchanting; enchantment; witchcraft; a powerful or irresistible influence on the affections or passions; unseen inexplicable influence. The ancients speak of two kinds of fascination; one by the look or eye; the other by words. The Turks hang old rags on their fairest horses, to secure them against fascination.

Waller.

Fascine

FAS'CINE, noun [French from Latin fascis, a bundle.] In fortification, a fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood, bound at both ends and in the middle; used in raising batteries, in filling ditches, in strengthening ramparts, and making parapets. Sometimes being dipped in melted pitch or tar, they are used to set fire to the enemy's lodgments or other works.

Encyc.

Fascinous

FAS'CINOUS, adjective Caused or acting by witch-craft. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Fashion

FASH'ION, n. fash'on. [French faÃƒ-§on; Armoric facÃƒ-§zoun; Norm. facion; from faire, to make; Latin facio, facies.]

1. The make or form of any thing; the state of any thing with regard to its external appearance; shape; as the fashion of the ark, or of the tabernacle. Or let me lose the fashion of a man.

Shak. The fashion of his countenance was altered. Luke 9.

2. Form; model to be imitated; pattern. King Ahaz sent to Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar. 2 Kings 16.

3. The form of a garment; the cut or shape of clothes; as the fashion of a coat or of a bonnet. Hence,

4. The prevailing mode of dress or ornament. We import fashions from England, as the English often import them from France. What so changeable as fashion!

5. Manner; sort; way; mode; applied to actions or behavior. Pluck Casca by the sleeve, And he will, after his sour fashion, tell you What hath proceeded.

Shak.

6. Custom; prevailing mode or practice. Fashion is an inexorable tyrant, and most of the world its willing slaves. It was the fashion of the age to call every thing in question.

Tillotson. Few enterprises are so hopeless as a contest with fashion. Rambler.

7. Genteel life or good breeding; as men of fashion.

8. Any thing worn. [Not used.]

Shak.

9. Genteel company.

10. Workmanship.

Overbury.

Fashion

FASH'ION, v. t. fash'on. [French faÃƒ-§onner.] To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold. Here the loud hammer fashions female toys.

Gay. Aaron fashioned the calf with a graving tool. Exodus 32. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, what makest thou? Isaiah 14.

2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; with to. Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and conditions of the people.

Spenser.

3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.

Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight.

Locke.

4. To forge or counterfeit. [Not used.]

Shak.

Fashionable

FASH'IONABLE, adjective Made according to the prevailing form or mode; as a fashionable dress.

2. Established by custom or use; current; prevailing at a particular time; as the fashionable philosophy; fashionable opinions.

3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; as a fashionable man. Hence,

4. Genteel; well bred; as fashionable company or society.

Fashionableness

FASH'IONABLENESS, noun The state of being fashionable; modish elegance; such appearance as is according to the prevailing custom.

Locke.

Fashionably

FASH'IONABLY, adverb In a manner according to fashion, custom or prevailing practice; with modish elegance; as, to dress fashionably.

Fashioned

FASH'IONED, participle passive Made; formed; shaped; fitted; adapted.

Fashioner

FASH'IONER, noun One who forms or gives shape to.

Fashioning

FASH'IONING, participle of the present tense Forming; giving shape to; fitting; adapting.

Fashion-Monger

FASH'ION-MONGER, noun One who studies the fashion; a fop.

Fashion-pieces, in ships, the hindmost timbers which terminate the breadth, and form the shape of the stern.

Mar. Dict.

Fassaite

FAS'SAITE, noun A mineral, a variety of augite, found in the valley of Fassa, in the Tyrol.

Fast

F`AST, adjective [Saxon foest, fest; German fest; Dutch vast; Swedish and Danish fast; from pressing, binding. Qu. Pers. bastan, to bind, to make close or fast, to shut, to stop; Irish fosadh, or fos, a stop. See Class Bz. No. 24. 35. 41. 60. 66. 86.]

1. Literally, set, stopped, fixed, or pressed close. Hence, close; tight; as, make fast the door; take fast hold.

2. Firm; immovable. Who, by his strength, setteth fast the mountains. Psalm 65.

3. Close; strong. Robbers and outlawsÃ‚--lurking in woods and fast places.

Spenser.

4. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; as, to stick fast in mire; to make fast a rope.

5. Close, as sleep; deep; sound; as a fast sleep.

Shak.

6. Firm in adherence; as a fast friend.

Fast and loose, variable; inconstant; as, to play fast and loose.

Fast

F`AST, adverb Firmly; immovably. We will bind thee fast, and deliver thee into their hand. Judges 15.

Fast by, or fast beside, close or near to.

Fast by the throne obsequious fame resides.

Pope.

Fast

F`AST, adjective [Welsh fÃƒ-ªst, fast, quick; festu, to hasten; Latin festino. If f is not written for h, as in haste, see Class Bz. No. 44. 45. 46. The sense is to press, drive, urge, and it may be from the same root as the preceding word, with a different application.] Swift; moving rapidly; quick in motion; as a fast horse.

Fast

F`AST, adverb Swiftly; rapidly; with quick steps or progression; as, to run fast; to move fast through the water, as a ship; the work goes on fast.

Fast

F`AST, verb intransitive [Saxon foestan; Gothic fastan, to fast, to keep, to observe, to hold; German fasten; Dutch vast, firm; vasten, to fast; Swedish fasta; from the same root as fast, firm. The sense is to hold or stop.]

1. To abstain from food, beyond the usual time; to omit to take the usual meals, for a time; as, to fast a day or a week.

2. To abstain from food voluntarily, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, sorrow and affliction. Thou didst fast and weep for the child. 2 Samuel 12. When ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance. Matthew 6.

3. To abstain from food partially, or from particular kinds of food; as, the Catholics fast in Lent.

Fast

F`AST, noun Abstinence from food; properly a total abstinence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particular kinds of food, for a certain time. Happy were our forefathers, who broke their fasts with herbs.

Taylor.

2. Voluntary abstinence from food, as a religious mortification or humiliation; either total or partial abstinence from customary food, with a view to mortify the appetites, or to express grief and affliction on account of some calamity, or to deprecate an expected evil.

3. The time of fasting, whether a day, week or longer time. An annual fast is kept in New England, usually one day in the spring. The fast was now already past. Acts 27.

Fast

F`AST, noun That which fastens or holds.

Fast-Day

F`AST-DAY, noun The day on which fasting is observed.

Fasten

F`ASTEN, v. t. f`asn. [Saxon foestnian; Swedish fastna; Dutch vesten; Danish foester; Irish fostugadh, fostughim.]

1. To fix firmly; to make fast or close; as, to fasten a chain to the feet, or to fasten the feet with fetters.

2. To lock, bolt or bar; to secure; as, to fasten a door or window.

3. To hold together; to cement or to link; to unite closely in any manner and by any means, as by cement, hooks, pins, nails, cords, &c.

4. To affix or conjoin. The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with different ideas fastened to them. [Not common.]

Swift.

5. To fix; to impress. Thinking, by this face, To fasten in our thoughts that they have courage.

Shak.

6. To lay on with strength. Could he fasten a blow, or make a thrust, when not suffered to approach?

Dryden.

Fasten

F`ASTEN, verb intransitive To fasten on, is to fix one's self; to seize and hold on; to clinch. The leech will hardly fasten on a fish.

Brown.

Fastened

F`ASTENED, participle passive Made firm or fast; fixed firmly; impressed.

Fastener

F`ASTENER, noun One that makes fast or firm.

Fastening

F`ASTENING, participle of the present tense Making fast.

Fastening

F`ASTENING, noun Any thing that binds and makes fast; or that which is intended for that purpose.

Faster

F`ASTER, noun One who abstains from food.

Fast-Handed

F`AST-HANDED, adjective Closehanded; covetous; closefisted; avaricious.

Bacon.

Fastidiosity

FASTIDIOS'ITY, noun Fastidiousness. [Not used.]

Swift.

Fastidious

FASTID'IOUS, adjective [Latin fastidiosus, from fastidio, to disdain, from fastus, haughtiness. See Hebrew. Class Bz. No. 2. 3. and 10. 30.]

1. Disdainful; squeamish; delicate to a fault; over nice; difficult to please; as a fastidious mind or taste.

2. Squeamish; rejecting what is common or not very nice; suited with difficulty; as a fastidious appetite.

Fastidiously

FASTID'IOUSLY, adverb Disdainfully; squeamishly; contemptuously. They look fastidiously and speak disdainfully.

Fastidiousness

FASTID'IOUSNESS, noun Disdainfulness; contemptuousness; squeamishness of mind, taste or appetite.

Fastigiate

FASTIG'IATE, or FASTIG'IATED, adjective [Latin fastigiatus, pointed, from fastigio, to point, fastigium, a top or peak.]

1. In botany, a fastigiate stem is one whose branches are of an equal highth. Peduncles are fastigiate, when they elevate the fructifications in a bunch, so as to be equally high, or when they form an even surface at the top.

Martyn.

2. Roofed; narrowed to the top.

Fasting

F`ASTING, participle of the present tense Abstaining from food.

Fasting

F`ASTING, noun The act of abstaining from food.

Fasting-Day

F`ASTING-DAY, noun A day of fasting; a fast-day; a day of religious mortification and humiliation.

Fastness

F`ASTNESS, noun [Saxon foestenesse, from fast.]

1. The state of being fast and firm; firm adherence.

2. Strength; security. The places of fastness are laid open.

Davies.

3. A strong hold; a fortress or fort; a place fortified; a castle. The enemy retired to their fastnesses.

4. Closeness; conciseness of style. [Not used.]

Ascham.

Fastuous

FAS'TUOUS, adjective [Latin fastuosus, from fastus, haughtiness.] Proud; haughty; disdainful.

Barrow.

Fat

FAT, adjective [Saxon foet, fett; German fett; Dutch vet; Swedish fet; Danish feed; Basque, betea.]

1. Fleshy; plump; corpulent; abounding with an oily concrete substance, as an animal body; the contrary to lean; as a fat man; a fat ox.

2. Coarse; gross. Nay, added fat pollutions of our own.

Dryden.

3. Dull; heavy; stupid; unteachable. Make the heart of this people fat. Isaiah 6.

4. Rich; wealthy; affluent. These are terrible alarms to persons grown fat and wealthy.

South.

5. Rich; producing a large income; as a fat benefice.

6. Rich; fertile; as a fat soil: or rich; nourishing; as fat pasture.

7. Abounding in spiritual grace and comfort. They (the righteous) shall be fat and flourishing. Psalm 92.

Fat

FAT, noun An oily concrete substance, deposited in the cells of the adipose or cellular membrane of animal bodies. In most parts of the body, the fat lies immediately under the skin. Fat is of various degrees of consistence, as in tallow, lard and oil. It has been recently ascertained to consist of two substances, stearine and elaine, the former of which is solid, the latter liquid, at common temperatures, and on the different proportions of which its degree of consistence depends.

Encyc. Webster's Manual.

2. The best or richest part of a thing. Abel brought of the fat of his flock. Genesis 4.

Fat

FAT, verb transitive To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to fat fowls or sheep.

Locke. Shak.

Fat

FAT, verb intransitive To grow fat, plump and fleshy. An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one.

Mortimer.

Fat

FAT, or VAT, noun [Saxon foet, fat, fet; Dutch vat; German fass; Swedish fat; Danish fad. It seems to be connected with Dutch vatten, German fassen, Swedish fatta, Danish fatter, to hold. Qu. Greek.] A large tub, cistern or vessel used for various purposes, as by brewers to run their wort in, by tanners for holding their bark and hides, &c. It is also a wooden vessel containing a quarter or eight bushels of grain, and a pan for containing water in salt-works, a vessel for wine, &c. The fats shall overflow with wine and oil. Joel 2.

Fat

FAT, noun A measure of capacity, but indefinite.

Fatal

FA'TAL, adjective [Latin fatalis. See Fate.] Proceeding from fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable. These things are fatal and necessary.

Tillotson.

2. Appointed by fate or destiny. It was fatal to the king to fight for his money.

Bacon.

In the foregoing senses the word is now little used.

3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal; as a fatal wound; a fatal disease.

4. Destructive; calamitous; as a fatal day; a fatal event.

Fatalism

FA'TALISM, noun The doctrine that all things are subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity.

Rush.

Fatalist

FA'TALIST, noun One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity.

Watts.

Fatality

FATAL'ITY, noun [French fatalitÃƒ-©, from fate.]

1. A fixed unalterable course of things, independent of God or any controlling cause; an invincible necessity existing in things themselves; a doctrine of the Stoics.

South.

2. Decree of fate.

King Charles.

3. Tendency to danger, or to some great or hazardous event.

Brown.

4. Mortality.

Med. Repos.

Fatally

FA'TALLY, adverb By a decree of fate or destiny; by inevitable necessity or determination.

Bentley.

2. Mortally; destructively; in death or ruin. This encounter ended fatally. The prince was fatally deceived.

Fatalness

FA'TALNESS, noun Invincible necessity.

Fatbrained

FAT'BRAINED, adjective Dull of apprehension.

Shak.

Fate

FATE, noun [Latin fatum, from for, fari, to speak, whence fatus.]

1. Primarily, a decree or word pronounced by God; or a fixed sentence by which the order of things is prescribed. Hence, inevitable necessity; destiny depending on a superior cause and uncontrollable. According to the Stoics, every event is determined by fate. Necessity or chance Approach not me; and what I will is fate.

Milton.

2. Event predetermined; lot; destiny. It is our fate to meet with disappointments. It is the fate of mortals. Tell me what fates attend the duke of Suffolk?

Shak.

3. Final event; death; destruction. Yet still he chose the longest way to fate.

Dryden. The whizzing arrow sings, And bears thy fate, Antinous, on its wings.

Pope.

4. Cause of death. Dryden calls an arrow a feathered fate.

Divine fate, the order or determination of God; providence.

Encyc.

Fated

FA'TED, adjective Decreed by fate; doomed; destined. He was fated to rule over a factious people.

2. Modelled or regulated by fate. Her awkward love indeed was oddly fated.

Prior.

3. Endued with any quality by fate.

Dryden.

4. Invested with the power of fatal determination. The fated sky Gives us free scope.

Shak.

The two last senses are hardly legitimate.

Fateful

FA'TEFUL, adjective Bearing fatal power; producing fatal events. The fateful steel.

J. Barlow.

Fates

FATES, n. plu. In mythology the destinies or parcoe; goddesses supposed to preside over the birth and life of men. They were three in number, Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos.

Lempriere.

Father

F`ATHER, noun [Saxon foeder, feder; German vater; Dutch vader; Icelandic Swedish and Danish fader; Greek; Latin pater; Spanish padre; Italian padre; Portugese pai, or pay; French pÃƒ-¨re, by contraction; Pers. padar; Russian batia; Sans and Bali, pita; Zend, fedre; Syriac batara. This word signifies the begetter, from the verb, Swedish f?da, Danish fÃƒ-¶der, to beget, to feed; Gothic fodyan; Saxon fedan; Dutch voeden, to feed; whence fodder, German futter, fÃƒ-¼ttern. The primary sense is obvious. See Class Bd. No. 54. 55. The Gothic atta, Irish aithir or athair, Basque aita, must be from a different root, unless the first letter has been lost.]

1. He who begets a child; in Latin genitor or generator. The father of a fool hath no joy. Proverbs 17. A wise son maketh a glad father. Proverbs 10.

2. The first ancestor; the progenitor of a race or family. Adam was the father of the human race. Abraham was the father of the Israelites.

3. The appellation of an old man, and a term of respect. The king of Israel said to Elisha, my father, shall I smite them? 2 Kings 6. The servants of Naaman call him father. Ibm. v. Elderly men are called fathers; as the fathers of a town or city. In the church, men venerable for age, learning and piety are called fathers, or reverend fathers.

4. The grandfather, or more remote ancestor. Nebuchadnezzar is called the father of Belshazzar, though he was his grandfather. Danish v.

5. One who feeds and supports, or exercises paternal care over another. God is called the father of the fatherless. Psalm 68.

6. He who creates, invents, makes or composes any thing; the author, former or contriver; a founder, director or instructor. God as creator is the father of all men. John 8. Jabal was the father of such as dwell in tents; and Jubal of musicians. Genesis 4. God is the father of spirits and of lights. Homer is considered as the father of epic poetry. Washington, as a defender and an affectionate and wise counselor, is called the father of his country. And see I Chronicles 2:51.Ã‚--iv. 14.Ã‚--ix. 35. Satan is called the father of lies; he introduced sin, and instigates men to sin. John 8. Abraham is called the father of believers. He was an early believer, and a pattern of faith and obedience. Romans 4.

7. Fathers, in the plural, ancestors. David slept with his fathers. 1 Kings 2.

8. A father in law. So Heli is called the father of Joseph. Luke 3.

9. The appellation of the first person in the adorable Trinity. Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Matthew 28.

10. The title given to dignitaries of the church, superiors of convents, and to popish confessors.

11. The appellation of the ecclesiastical writers of the first centuries, as Polycarp, Jerome, &c.

12. The title of a senator in ancient Rome; as conscript fathers.

Adoptive father, he who adopts the children of another, and acknowledges them as his own.

Natural father, the father of illegitimate children.

Putative father, one who is only reputed to be the father; the supposed father.

Father-in-Law

F`ATHER-IN-LAW, noun The father of one's husband or wife; and a man who marries a woman who has children by a former husband is called the father in law or stepfather of those children.

Father

F`ATHER, verb transitive To adopt; to take the child of another as one's own.

Shak.

2. To adopt any thing as one's own; to profess to be the author. Men of wit Often father'd what he writ.

Swift.

3. To ascribe or charge to one as his offspring or production; with on. My name was made use of by several persons, one of whom was pleased to father on me a new set of productions.

Swift.

Fathered

F`ATHERED, participle passive Adopted; taken as one's own; ascribed to one as the author.

2. Having had a father of particular qualities. I am no stronger than my sex, Being so father'd and so husbanded. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Fatherhood

F`ATHERHOOD, noun The state of being a father, or the character or authority of a father. We might have had an entire notion of this fatherhood, or fatherly authority.

Locke.

Fathering

F`ATHERING, participle of the present tense Adopting; taking or acknowledging as one's own; ascribing to the father or author.

Fatherlasher

F`ATHERLASHER, noun A fish of the genus Cottus or bull-head, called scorpius or scolping. The head is large and its spines formidable. It is found on the rocky coasts of Britain, and near Newfoundland and Greenland. In the latter country it is a great article of food.

Encyc. Pennant.

Fatherless

F`ATHERLESS, adjective Destitute of a living father; as a fatherless child.

2. Without a known author.

Fatherlessness

F`ATHERLESSNESS, noun The state of being without a father.

Fatherliness

F`ATHERLINESS, noun [See Fatherly.] The qualities of a father; parental kindness, care and tenderness.

Fatherly

F`ATHERLY, adjective [father and like.] Like a father in affection and care; tender; paternal; protecting; careful; as fatherly care or affection.

2. Pertaining to a father.

Fatherly

F`ATHERLY, adverb In the manner of a father. Thus Adam, fatherly displeased. [Not proper.]

Milton.

Fathom

FATH'OM, noun [Saxon foethem; Irish fead; German faden; Dutch vadem. Qu. Danish favn. The German word signifies a thread, a fathom, and probably thread or line is the real signification.]

1. A measure of length containing six feet, the space to which a man may extend his arms; used chiefly at sea for measuring cables, cordage, and the depth of the sea in sounding by a line and lead.

2. Reach; penetration; depth of thought or contrivance.

Shak.

Fathom

FATH'OM, verb transitive To encompass with the arms extended or encircling.

2. To reach; to master; to comprehend. Leave to fathom such high points as these.

Dryden.

3. To reach in depth; to sound; to try the depth. Our depths who fathoms.

Pope.

4. To penetrate; to find the bottom or extent. I cannot fathom his design.

Fathomed

FATH'OMED, participle passive Encompassed with the arms; reached; comprehended.

Fathomer

FATH'OMER, noun One who fathoms.

Fathoming

FATH'OMING, participle of the present tense Encompassing with the arms; reaching; comprehÃƒ-¨nding; sounding; penetrating.

Fathomless

FATH'OMLESS, adjective That of which no bottom can be found; bottomless.

2. That cannot be embraced, or encompassed with the arms.

Shak.

3. Not to be penetrated or comprehended.

Fatidical

FATID'ICAL, adjective [Latin fatidicus; fatum and dico.] Having power to foretell future events; prophetic.

Howell.

Fatiferous

FATIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin fatifer; fatum and fero.] Deadly; mortal; destructive.

Dict.

Fatigable

FAT'IGABLE, adjective [See Fatigue.] That may be wearied; easily tired.

Fatigate

FAT'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin fatigo.] To weary; to tire. [Little used.]

Fatigate

FAT'IGATE, adjective Wearied; tired. [Little used.]

Elyot.

Fatigation

FATIGA'TION, noun Weariness.

Welsh Mount.

Fatigue

FATIGUE, n. fatee'g. [French id.; Armoric faticq; Italian fatica; Spanish fatiga; from Latin fatigo. It seems to be allied to Latin fatisco; if so, the sense is a yielding or relaxing.]

1. Weariness with bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or exhaustion of strength. We suffer fatigue of the mind as well as of the body.

2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil; as the fatigues of war.

3. The labors of military men, distinct from the use of arms; as a party of men on fatigue.

Fatigue

FATIGUE, v. t. fatee'g. [Latin fatigo; Italian faticare; Spanish fatigar.]

1. To tire; to weary with labor or any bodily or mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength by severe or long continued exertion.

2. To weary by importunity; to harass.

Fatigued

FATIGUED, pp. fatee'ged. Wearied; tired; harassed.

Fatiguing

FATIGUING, ppr. fatee'ging. Tiring; wearying; harassing.

2. adjective Inducing weariness or lassitude; as fatiguing services or labors.

Fatiscence

FATIS'CENCE, noun [Latin fatisco, to open, to gape.] A gaping or opening; a state of being chinky.

Dict. Kirwan.

Fatkidneyed

FATKID'NEYED, noun [fat and kidney.] Fat; gross; a word used in contempt.

Shak.

Fatling

FAT'LING, noun [from fat.] A lamb, kid or other young animal fattened for slaughter; a fat animal; applied to quadrupeds whose flesh is used for food. David sacrificed oxen and fatlings. 2 Samuel 6.

Fatly

FAT'LY, adverb Grossly; greasily.

Fatner

FA'TNER, noun That which fattens; that which gives fatness or richness and fertility.

Arbuthnot.

Fatness

FAT'NESS, noun [from fat.] The quality of being fat, plump, or full fed; corpulency; fullness of flesh. Their eyes stand out with fatness. Psalm 73.

2. Unctuous or greasy matter.

Bacon.

3. Unctuousness; sliminess; applied to earth: hence richness; fertility; fruitfulness. God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine. Genesis 27.

4. That which gives fertility. Thy paths drop fatness. Psalm 65. The clouds drop fatness.

Philips.

5. The privileges and pleasures of religion; abundant blessings. Let your soul delight itself in fatness. Isaiah 55.

Fatten

FAT'TEN, v. t. fat'n. To make fat; to feed for slaughter; to make fleshy, or plump with fat.

2. To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; as, to fatten land; to fatten fields with blood.

Dryden.

3. To feed grossly; to fill.

Dryden.

Fatten

FAT'TEN, v. i. fat'n. To grow fat or corpulent; to grow plump, thick or fleshy; to be pampered. And villains fatten with the brave man's labor.

Otway. Tigers and wolves shall in the ocean breed, The whale and dolphin fatten on the mead.

Glanville.

Fattened

FAT'TENED, pp. fat'nd. Made fat, plump or fleshy.

Fattener

FAT'TENER, noun [See Fatner.]

Fattening

FAT'TENING, ppr. fat'ning. Making fat; growing fat; making or growing rich and fruitful.

Fattiness

FAT'TINESS, noun [from fatty.] The state of being fat; grossness; greasiness.

Sherwood.

Fattish

FAT'TISH, adjective Somewhat fat.

Sherwood.

Fatty

FAT'TY, adjective Having the qualities of fat; greasy; as a fatty substance.

Arbuthnot.

Fatuity

FATU'ITY, noun [French fatuitÃƒ-©; Latin fatuitas.] Weakness or imbecility of mind; feebleness of intellect; foolishness.

Arbuthnot.

Fatuous

FAT'UOUS, adjective [Latin fatuus. Class Bd. No. 2. 6. 63.]

1. Feeble in mind; weak; silly; stupid; foolish.

Glanville.

2. Impotent; without force or fire; illusory; alluding to the ignis fatuus. Thence fatuous fires and meteors take their birth.

Denham.

Fatwitted

FAT'WITTED, adjective [fat and wit.] Heavy; dull; stupid.

Shak.

Faucet

FAU'CET, noun [French fausset, probably contracted from falset.] A pipe to be inserted in a cask for drawing liquor, and stopped with a peg or spiggot. These are called tap and faucet.

Fauchion

FAUCHION, [See Falchion.]

Faufel

FAU'FEL, noun [said to be Sanscrit.] The fruit of a species of the palm-tree.

Fault

FAULT, noun [French faute, for faulte; Spanish falta; Portugese id.; Italian fallo; from fail. See Fail.]

1. Properly, an erring or missing; a failing; hence, an error or mistake; a blunder; a defect; a blemish; whatever impairs excellence; applied to things.

2. In morals or deportment, any error or defect; an imperfection; any deviation from propriety; a slight offense; a neglect of duty or propriety, resulting from inattention or want of prudence, rather than from design to injure or offend, but liable to censure or objection. I do remember my faults this day. Genesis 41. If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye, who are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness. Galatians 6.

Fault implies wrong, and often some degree of criminality.

3. Defect; want; absence. [Not now used. See Default.] I could tell to thee, as to one it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call my friend.

Shak.

4. Puzzle; difficulty. Among sportsmen, when dogs lose the scent, they are said to be at fault. Hence the phrase, the inquirer is at fault.

5. In mining, a fissure in strata, causing a dislocation of the same, and thus interrupting the course of veins.

Cyc.

To find fault, to express blame; to complain. Thou wilt say then, why doth he yet find fault? Romans 9.

To find fault with, to blame; to censure; as, to find fault with the times, or with a neighbor's conduct.

Fault

FAULT, verb intransitive To fail; to be wrong. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Fault

FAULT, verb transitive To charge with a fault; to accuse. For that I will not fault thee.

Old Song.

Faulted

FAULT'ED, participle passive Charged with a fault; accused.

Faulter

FAULT'ER, noun An offender; one who commits a fault.

Fairfax.

Fault-Finder

FAULT'-FINDER, noun One who censures or objects.

Faultful

FAULT'FUL, adjective Full of faults or sins.

Shak.

Faultily

FAULT'ILY, adverb [from faulty.] Defectively; erroneously; imperfectly; improperly; wrongly.

Faultiness

FAULT'INESS, noun [from faulty.] The state of being faulty, defective or erroneous; defect.

2. Badness; vitiousness; evil disposition; as the faultiness of a person.

3. Delinquency; actual offenses.

Hooker.

Faulting

FAULT'ING, participle of the present tense Accusing.

Faultless

FAULT'LESS, adjective Without fault; not defective or imperfect; free from blemish; free from incorrectness; perfect; as a faultless poem or picture.

2. Free from vice or imperfection; as a faultless man.

Faultlessness

FAULT'LESSNESS, noun Freedom from faults or defects.

Faulty

FAULT'Y, adjective Containing faults, blemishes or defects; defective; imperfect; as a faulty composition or book; a faulty plan or design; a faulty picture.

2. Guilty of a fault or of faults; hence, blamable; worthy of censure. The king doth speak this thing as one who is faulty. 2 Samuel 14.

3. Wrong; erroneous; as a faulty polity.

Hooker.

4. Defective; imperfect; bad; as a faulty helmet.

Bacon.

Faun

FAUN, noun [Latin faunus.] Among the Romans, a kind of demigod, or rural deity, called also sylvan, and differing little from satyr. The fauns are represented as half goat and half man.

Encyc.

Faunist

FAUN'IST, noun One who attends to rural disquisitions; a naturalist.

White.

Fausen

FAU'SEN, noun A large eel.

Chapman.

Fautor

FAU'TOR, noun [Latin See Favor.] A favorer; a patron; one who gives countenance or support. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Fautress

FAU'TRESS, noun A female favorer; a patroness.

Chapman.

Favillous

FAVIL'LOUS, adjective [Latin favilla, ashes.] Consisting of or pertaining to ashes.

Brown.

2. Resembling ashes.

Favor

FA'VOR, noun [Latin favor; French faveur; Armoric faver; Spanish favor; Italian favore; from Latin faveo; Irish fabhar, favor; fabhraim, to favor.]

1. Kind regard; kindness; countenance; propitious aspect; friendly disposition. His dreadful navy, and his lovely mind, Gave him the fear and favor of mankind.

Waller. The king's favor is as dew on the grass. Proverbs 19. God gave Joseph favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh. Acts 7.

Favor is deceitful, and beauty is vain. Proverbs 31.

2. Support; defense; vindication; or disposition to aid, befriend, support, promote or justify. To be in favor of a measure, is to have a disposition or inclination to support it or carry it into effect. To be in favor of a party, is to be disposed or inclined to support it, to justify its proceedings, and to promote its interests.

3. A kind act or office; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by word or deed; any act of grace or good will, as distinguished from acts of justice or remuneration. To pardon the guilty is a favor; to punish them is an act of justice.

4. Lenity; mildness or mitigation of punishment. I could not discover the lenity and favor of this sentence.

Swift.

5. Leave; good will; a yielding or concession to another; pardon. But, with your favor, I will treat it here.

Dryden.

6. The object of kind regard; the person or thing favored. All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man His chief delight and favor.

Milton.

7. A gift or present; something bestowed as an evidence of good will; a token of love; a knot of ribins; something worn as a token of affection.

Bacon. Spectator. Shak.

8. A feature; countenance. [Not used.]

Shak.

9. Advantage; convenience afforded for success. The enemy approached under favor of the night.

10. Partiality; bias. A challenge to the favor, in law, is the challenge of a juror on account of some supposed partiality, by reason of favor or malice, interest or connection.

Favor

FA'VOR, verb transitive To regard with kindness; to support; to aid or have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be propitious to; to countenance; to befriend; to encourage. To favor the cause of a party, may be merely to wish success to it, or it may signify to give it aid, by counsel, or by active exertions. Sometimes men professedly favor one party and secretly favor another. The lords favor thee not. 1 Samuel 29. Thou shalt arise, and have mercy on Zion; for the time to favor her, yea, the set time is come. Psalm 102. O happy youth! and favored of the skies.

Pope.

2. To afford advantages for success; to facilitate. A weak place in the fort favored the entrance of the enemy; the darkness of the night favored his approach. A fair wind favors a voyage.

3. To resemble in features. The child favors his father.

4. To ease; to spare. A man in walking favors a lame leg.

Favorable

FA'VORABLE, adjective [Latin favorabilis; French favorable; Spanish id.; Italian favorabile, or favorevole.]

1. Kind; propitious; friendly; affectionate. Lend favorable ear to our request.

Shak. Lord, thou hast been favorable to thy land. Psalm 85.

2. Palliative; tender; averse to censure. None can have the favorable thought That to obey a tyrant's will they fought.

Dryden.

3. Conducive to; contributing to; tending to promote. A salubrious climate and plenty of food are favorable to population.

4. Convenient; advantageous; affording means to facilitate, or affording facilities. The low price of labor and provisions is favorable to the success of manufactures. The army was drawn up on favorable ground. The ship took a station favorable for attack. The place was favorable for making levies of men.

Clarendon.

5. Beautiful; well favored. Obs.

Spenser.

Favorableness

FA'VORABLENESS, noun Kindness; kind disposition or regard.

2. Convenience; suitableness; that state which affords advantages for success; conduciveness; as the favorableness of a season for crops; the favorableness of the times for the cultivation of the sciences.

Favorably

FA'VORABLY, adverb Kindly; with friendly dispositions; with regard or affection; with an inclination to favor; as, to judge or think favorably of a measure; to think favorably of those we love.

Favored

FA'VORED, participle passive Countenanced; supported; aided; supplied with advantages; eased; spared.

2. adjective Regarded with kindness; as a favored friend.

3. With well or ill prefixed, featured.

Well-favored is well-looking, having a good countenance or appearance, fleshy, plump, handsome.

Ill-favored, is ill-looking, having an ugly appearance, lean. See Genesis 39, 41. &c.

Well-favoredly, with a good appearance. [Little used.]

Ill-favoredly, with a bad appearance. [Little used.]

Favoredness

FA'VOREDNESS, noun Appearance.

Deut.

Favorer

FA'VORER, noun One who favors; one who regards with kindness or friendship; a wellwisher; one who assists or promotes success or prosperity.

Hooker. Shak.

Favoring

FA'VORING, participle of the present tense Regarding with friendly dispositions; countenancing; wishing well to; contributing to success; facilitating.

Favorite

FA'VORITE, noun [French favori, favorite; Italian favorito.] A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor, preference and affection; one greatly beloved. Select favorites from among the discrete and the virtuous. Princes are often misled, and sometimes ruined by favorites. Gaveston and the Spensers, the favorites of Edward II., fell a sacrifice to public indignation.

Favorite

FA'VORITE, adjective Regarded with particular kindness, affection, esteem or preference; as a favorite walk; a favorite author; a favorite child.

Favoritism

FA'VORITISM, noun The act or practice of favoring, or giving a preference to one over another.

2. The disposition to favor, aid and promote the interest of a favorite, or of one person or family, or of one class of men, to the neglect of others having equal claims. It has been suggested that the proceeds of the foreign billsÃ‚--were calculated merely to indulge a spirit of favoritism to the bank of the United States.

Hamilton. Which consideration imposes such a necessity on the crown, as hath, in a great measure, subdued the influence of favoritism. Paley.

3. Exercise of power by favorites.

Burke.

Favorless

FA'VORLESS, adjective Unfavored; not regarded with favor; having no patronage or countenance.

2. Not favoring; unpropitious.

Spenser.

Favosite

FAV'OSITE, noun [Latin favus, a honey-comb.] A genus of fossil zoophytes.

Fawn

FAWN, noun [French faon, fawn. Qu. Welsh fynu, to produce.] A young deer; a buck or doe of the first year.

Bacon. Pope.

Fawn

FAWN, verb intransitive [French faonner.] To bring forth a fawn.

Fawn

FAWN, verb intransitive [Saxon foegenian. See Fain.]

1. To court favor, or show attachment to, by frisking about one; as, a dog fawns on his master.

2. To soothe; to flatter meanly; to blandish; to court servilely; to cringe and bow to gain favor; as a fawning favorite or minion. My love, forbear to fawn upon their frowns.

Shak.

Fawn

FAWN, noun A servile cringe or bow; mean flattery.

Fawner

FAWN'ER, noun One who fawns; one who cringes and flatters meanly.

Fawning

FAWN'ING, participle of the present tense Courting servilely; flattering by cringing and meanness; bringing forth a fawn.

Fawning

FAWN'ING, noun Gross flattery.

Shak.

Fawningly

FAWN'INGLY, adverb In a cringing servile way; with mean flattery.

Faxed

FAX'ED, adjective [Saxon feax, hair.] Hairy. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Fay

FAY, noun [French fÃƒ-©e.] A fairy; an elf.

Milton. Pope.

Fay

FAY, verb intransitive [Saxon foegan; Swedish foga; Dutch voegen. See Fadge.] To fit; to suit; to unite closely with. [This is a contraction of the Teutonic word, and the same as fadge, which see. It is not an elegant word.]

Feague

FEAGUE, v. t. feeg. [German fegen.] To beat or whip. [Not in use.]

Buckingham.

Feal

FE'AL, adjective Faithful. [Infra.]

Fealty

FE'ALTY, noun [French feal, trusty, contracted from Latin fidelis; Italian fedeltÃƒ- ; French fidelitÃƒ-©; Spanish fe, faith, contracted from fides; hence, fiel, faithful; fieldad, fidelity.] Fidelity to a lord; faithful adherence of a tenant or vassal to the superior of whom he holds his lands; loyalty. Under the feudal system of tenures, every vassal or tenant was bound to be true and faithful to his lord, and to defend him against all his enemies. This obligation was called his fidelity or fealty, and an oath of fealty was required to be taken by all tenants to their landlords. The tenant was called a liege man; the land, a liege fee; and the superior, liege lord. [See Liege.]

Fear

FEAR, noun [See the Verb.] A painful emotion or passion excited by an expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and dread less than terror and fright. The force of this passion, beginning with the most moderate degree, may be thus expressed, fear, dread, terror, fright. Fear is accompanied with a desire to avoid or ward off the expected evil. Fear is an uneasiness of mind, upon the thought of future evil likely to befall us.

Watts.

Fear is the passion of our nature which excites us to provide for our security, on the approach of evil.

Rogers.

2. Anxiety; solicitude. The principal fear was for the holy temple.

Maccabees.

3. The cause of fear. Thy angel becomes a fear.

Shak.

4. The object of fear. Except the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me. Genesis 31.

5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild animals, by its color or noise. Isaiah 24. Jeremiah 48.

6. In scripture, fear is used to express a filial or a slavish passion. In good men, the fear of God is a holy awe or reverence of God and his laws, which springs from a just view and real love of the divine character, leading the subjects of it to hate and shun every thing that can offend such a holy being, and inclining them to aim at perfect obedience. This is filial fear. I will put my fear in their hearts. Jeremiah 32.

Slavish fear is the effect or consequence of guilt; it is the painful apprehension of merited punishment. Romans 8. The love of God casteth out fear. 1 John 4.

7. The worship of God. I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Psalm 34.

8. The law and word of God. The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever. Psalm 19.

9. Reverence; respect; due regard. Render to all their dues; fear to whom fear. Romans 13.

Fear

FEAR, verb transitive [Saxon foeran, afoeran, to impress fear, to terrify; Dutch vaaren, to put in fear, to disorder, to derange; Latin vereor. In Saxon and Dutch, the verb coincides in elements with fare, to go or depart, and the sense seems to be to scare or drive away. Qu. Syriac and Arabic nafara, to flee or be fearful. See Class Br. No 46. and 33.]

1. To feel a painful apprehension of some impending evil; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with emotions of alarm or solicitude. We fear the approach of an enemy or of a storm. We have reason to fear the punishment of our sins. I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Psalm 23.

2. To reverence; to have a reverential awe; to venerate. This do, and live: for I fear God. Genesis 42.

3. To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach by fear, or by a scarecrow. [This seems to be the primary meaning, but now obsolete.] We must not make a scarecrow of the law, Setting it up to fear the birds of prey.

Shak.

Fear

FEAR, verb intransitive To be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected evil. But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ. 2 Corinthians 11.

Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Genesis 15.

Fear

FEAR, noun [Saxon fera, gefera.] A companion. [Not in use. See Peer.]

Spenser.

Feared

FE'ARED, participle passive Apprehended or expected with painful solicitude; reverenced.

Fearful

FE'ARFUL, adjective Affected by fear; feeling pain in expectation of evil; apprehensive with solicitude; afraid. I am fearful of the consequences of rash conduct. Hence,

2. Timid; timorous; wanting courage. What man is there that is fearful and faint-hearted? Deuteronomy 20.

3. Terrible; impressing fear; frightful; dreadful. It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. Hebrews 10.

4. Awful; to be reverenced. O Lord, who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises? Exodus 15. That thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name, Jehovah, thy God. Deuteronomy 28.

Fearfully

FE'ARFULLY, adverb Timorously; in fear. In such a night Did Thisbe fearfully o'ertrip the dew.

Shak.

2. Terribly; dreadfully; in a manner to impress terror. There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully on the confined deep.

Shak.

3. In a manner to impress admiration and astonishment. I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Psalm 139.

Fearfulness

FE'ARFULNESS, noun Timorousness; timidity.

2. State of being afraid; awe; dread. A third thing that makes a government despised, is fearfulness of, and mean compliances with, bold popular offenders.

South.

3. Terror; alarm; apprehension of evil.

Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isaiah 33.

Fearless

FE'ARLESS, adjective Free from fear; as fearless of death; fearless of consequences.

2. Bold; courageous; intrepid; undaunted; as a fearless hero; a fearless foe.

Fearlessly

FE'ARLESSLY, adverb Without fear; in a bold or courageous manner; intrepidly. Brave men fearlessly expose themselves to the most formidable dangers.

Fearlessness

FE'ARLESSNESS, noun Freedom from fear; courage; boldness; intrepidity. He gave instances of an invincible courage and fearlessness in danger.

Clarendon.

Feasibility

FEASIBIL'ITY, n. s as z. [See Feasible.] The quality of being capable of execution; practicability. Before we adopt a plan, let us consider its feasibility.

Feasible

FE'ASIBLE, a. s as z. [French faisable, from faire, to make, Latin facere; Italian fattibile; Spanish factible.] That may be done, performed, executed or effected; practicable. We say a thing is feasible, when it can be effected by human means or agency. A thing may be possible, but not feasible.

2. That may be used or tilled, as land.

B. Trumbull.

Feasible

FE'ASIBLE, noun That which is practicable; that which can be performed by human means.

Feasibleness

FE'ASIBLENESS, noun Feasibility; practicability.

Bp. Hall.

Feasibly

FE'ASIBLY, adverb Practicably.

Feast

FEAST, noun [Latin festum; French fÃƒ-©te; Spanish fiesta; Italian festa; Irish feasda; Dutch feest; German fest.]

1. A sumptuous repast or entertainment, of which a number of guests partake; particularly, a rich or splendid public entertainment. On Pharaoh's birth day, he made a feast to all his servants. Genesis 40.

2. A rich or delicious repast or meal; something delicious to the palate.

3. A ceremony of feasting; joy and thanks-giving on stated days, in commemoration of some great event, or in honor of some distinguished personage; an anniversary, periodical or stated celebration of some event; a festival; as on occasion of the games in Greece, and the feast of the passover, the feast of Pentecost, and the feast of tabernacles among the Jews.

4. Something delicious and entertaining to the mind or soul; as the dispensation of the gospel is called a feast of fat things. Isaiah 25.

5. That which delights and entertains. He that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast. Proverbs 15. In the English church, feasts are immovable or movable: immovable, when they occur on the same day of the year, as Christmas-day, &c.; and movable, when they are not confined to the same day of the year, as Easter, which regulates many others.

Feast

FEAST, verb intransitive To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich provisions; particularly in large companies, and on public festivals. And his sons went and feasted in their houses. Job 1.

2. To be highly gratified or delighted.

Feast

FEAST, verb transitive To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table magnificently; as, he was feasted by the king.

Hayward.

2. To delight; to pamper; to gratify luxuriously; as, to feast the soul. Whose taste or smell can bless the feasted sense.

Dryden.

Feasted

FE'ASTED, participle passive Entertained sumptuously; delighted.

Feaster

FE'ASTER, noun One who fares deliciously.

Taylor.

2. One who entertains magnificently.

Johnson.

Feastful

FE'ASTFUL, adjective Festive; joyful; as a feastful day or friend.

Milton.

2. Sumptuous; luxurious; as feastful rites.

Pope.

Feasting

FE'ASTING, participle of the present tense Eating luxuriously; faring sumptuously.

2. Delighting; gratifying.

3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table.

Feasting

FE'ASTING, noun An entertainment.

Feastrite

FE'ASTRITE, noun Custom observed in entertainments.

Philips.

Feat

FEAT, noun [French fait; Italian fatto; Latin factum, from facio, to perform.]

1. An act; a deed; an exploit; as a bold feat; a noble feat; feats of prowess.

2. In a subordinate sense, any extraordinary act of strength, skill or cunning, as feats of horsemanship, or of dexterity; a trick.

Feat

FEAT, adjective Ready; skilful; ingenious. Never master had a pageÃ‚--so feat. Obs.

Shak.

Feat

FEAT, verb transitive To form; to fashion. Obs.

Shak.

Feateous

FE'ATEOUS, adjective Neat; dextrous.

Feateously

FE'ATEOUSLY, adverb Neatly; dextrously. Obs.

Spenser.

Feather

FEATH'ER, or FETH'ER, noun [Saxon fether; German feder; Dutch veder; Danish fioer; Swedish fieder; allied probably to, and, from, to open or expand. The most correct orthography is fether.]

1. A plume; a general name of the covering of fowls. The smaller fethers are used for the filling of beds; the larger ones, called quills, are used for ornaments of the head, for writing pens, &c. The fether consists of a shaft or stem, corneous, round, strong and hollow at the lower part, and at the upper part, filled with pith. On each side of the shaft are the vanes, broad on one side and narrow on the other, consisting of thin lamins. The fethers which cover the body are called the plumage; the fethers of the wings are adapted to flight.

2. Kind; nature; species; from the proverbial phrase, ``Birds of a fether,' that is, of the same species. [Unusual.] I am not of that feather to shake off My friend, when he most needs me.

Shak.

3. An ornament; an empty title.

4. On a horse, a sort of natural frizzling of the hair, which, in some places, rises above the lying hair, and there makes a figure resembling the tip of an ear of wheat.

Far. Dict.

A fether in the cap, is an honor, or mark of distinction.

Feather

FEATH'ER, or FETH'ER, verb transitive To dress in fethers; to fit with fethers, or to cover with fethers.

2. To tread as a cock.

Dryden.

3. To enrich; to adorn; to exalt. The king cared not to plume his nobility and people, to feather himself.

Bacon.

To fether one's nest, to collect wealth, particularly from emoluments derived from agencies for others; a proverb taken from birds which collect fethers for their nests.

Feather-Bed

FEATH'ER-BED, or FETH'ER-BED, noun A bed filled with fethers; a soft bed.

Feather-Driver

FEATH'ER-DRIVER, or FETH'ER-DRIVER, noun One who beats fethers to make them light or loose.

Derham.

Feathered

FEATH'ERED, or FETH'ERED, participle passive Covered with fethers; enriched.

2. adjective Clothed or covered with fethers. A fowl or bird is a fethered animal. Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury.

Shak.

3. Fitted or furnished with fethers; as a fethered arrow.

4. Smoothed, like down or fethers.

Scott.

5. Covered with things growing from the substance; as land fethered with trees.

Coxe.

Featheredge

FEATH'EREDGE, or FETH'EREDGE, noun An edge like a fether. A board that has one edge thinner than the other, is called featheredge stuff.

Moxon.

Featheredged

FEATH'EREDGED, or FETH'EREDGED, adjective Having a thin edge.

Feather-Few

FEATH'ER-FEW, a corruption of feverfew.

Feather-Grass

FEATH'ER-GRASS, or FETH'ER-GRASS, noun A plant, gramen plumosum.

Johnson.

Featherless

FEATH'ERLESS, or FETH'ERLESS, adjective Destitute of fethers; unfledged.

Howel.

Featherly

FEATH'ERLY, or FETH'ERLY, adjective Resembling fethers. [Not used.]

Brown.

Feather-Seller

FEATH'ER-SELLER, or FETH'ER-SELLER, noun One who sells fethers for beds.

Feathery

FEATH'ERY, or FETH'ERY, adjective Clothed or covered with fethers.

Milton.

2. Resembling fethers.

Featly

FE'ATLY, adverb [from feat.] Neatly; dextrously; adroitly. [Little used.]

Shak. Dryden.

Featness

FE'ATNESS, noun [from feat.] Dexterity; adroitness; skilfulness. [Little used.]

Feature

FE'ATURE, noun [Norm. faiture; Latin factura, a making, from facio, to make; Italian fattura.]

1. The make, form or cast of any part of the face; any single lineament. We speak of large features or small features. We see a resemblance in the features of a parent and of a child.

2. The make or cast of the face. Report the feature of Octavia, her years.

Shak.

3. The fashion; the make; the whole turn or cast of the body.

4. The make or form of any part of the surface of a thing, as of a country or landscape.

5. Lineament; outline; prominent parts; as the features of a treaty.

Featured

FE'ATURED, adjective Having features or good features; resembling in features.

Shak.

Feaze

FEAZE, verb transitive To untwist the end of a rope.

Ainsworth.

Febrifacient

FEB'RIFACIENT, adjective [Latin febris, a fever, and facio, to make.] Causing fever.

Beddoes.

Febrifacient

FEB'RIFACIENT, noun That which produces fever.

Beddoes.

Febrific

FEBRIF'IC, adjective [Latin febris, fever, and facio, to make.] Producing fever; feverish.

Febrifuge

FEB'RIFUGE, noun [Latin febris, fever, and fugo, to drive away.] Any medicine that mitigates or removes fever.

Encyc.

Febrifuge

FEB'RIFUGE, adjective Having the quality of mitigating or subduing fever; antifebrile.

Arbuthnot.

Febrile

FE'BRILE, adjective [French from Latin febrilis, from febris, fever.] Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; as febrile symptoms; febrile action.

February

FEB'RUARY, noun [Latin Februarius; French Fevrier; Italian Febbraio; Spanish Febrero; Armoric Fevrer; Portugese Fevereiro; Irish Feabhra; Russian Phebral. The Latin word is said to be named from februo, to purify by sacrifice, and thus to signify the month of purification, as the people were, in this month, purified by sacrifices and oblations. The word februo is said to be a Sabine word, connected with ferveo, ferbeo, to boil, as boiling was used in purifications.

Varro. Ovid. This practice bears a resemblance to that of making atonement among the Jews; but the connection between ferveo and February is doubtful. The Welsh Ãƒ-§wevral, February, Armoric heuvrer, Cornish huevral, is from Welsh Ãƒ-§wevyr, violence; the severe month.] The name of the second month in the year, introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years, this month contains 28 days; in the bissextile or leap year, 29 days.

Februation

FEBRUA'TION, noun Purification. [See February.]

Spenser.

Fecal

FE'CAL, adjective [See Foeces.] Containing or consisting of dregs, lees, sediment or excrement.

Feces

FE'CES, n. plu. [Latin foeces.] Dregs; lees; sediment; the matter which subsides in casks of liquor.

2. Excrement.

Arbuthnot.

Fecial

FE'CIAL, adjective [Latin fecialis.] Pertaining to heralds and the denunciation of war to an enemy; as fecial law.

Kent.

Fecula

FEC'ULA, noun The green matter of plants; chlorophyl.

Ure.

2. Starch or farina; called also amylaceous fecula. This term is applied to any pulverulent matter obtained from plants by simply breaking down the texture, washing with water, and subsidence. Hence its application to starch and the green fecula, though entirely different in chimical properties.

Cyc.

Feculence

FEC'ULENCE, or FEC'ULENCY, noun [Latin foeculentia, from foecula, foeces, foex, dregs.]

1. Muddiness; foulness; the quality of being foul with extraneous matter or lees.

2. Lees; sediment; dregs; or rather the substances mixed with liquor, or floating in it, which, when separated and lying at the bottom, are called lees, dregs or sediment. The refining or fining of liquor is the separation of it from its feculencies.

Feculent

FEC'ULENT, adjective Foul with extraneous or impure substances; muddy; thick; turbid; abounding with sediment or excrementitious matter.

Feculum

FEC'ULUM, noun [from foeces, supra.] A dry, dusty, tasteless substance obtained from plants.

Fourcroy, Trans.

[This should be fecula.]

Fecund

FE'CUND, adjective [Latin foecundus, from the root of foetus.] Fruitful in children; prolific.

Graunt.

Fecundate

FE'CUNDATE, verb transitive To make fruitful or prolific.

2. To impregnate; as, the pollen of flowers fecundates the stigma.

Anacharsis, Trans.

Fecundated

FE'CUNDATED, participle passive Rendered prolific or fruitful; impregnated.

Fecundating

FE'CUNDATING, participle of the present tense Rendering fruitful; impregnating.

Fecundation

FECUNDA'TION, noun The act of making fruitful or prolific; impregnation.

Fecundify

FECUND'IFY, verb transitive To make fruitful; to fecundate. [Little used.]

Fecundity

FECUND'ITY, noun [Latin foecunditas.] Fruitfulness; the quality of producing fruit; particularly, the quality in female animals of producing young in great numbers.

2. The power of producing or bringing forth. It is said that the seeds of some plants retain their fecundity forty years.

Ray.

3. Fertility; the power of bringing forth in abundance; richness of invention.

Fed

FED, preterit tense and participle passive of feed, which see.

Federal

FED'ERAL, adjective [from Latin foedus, a league, allied perhaps to wed, Saxon weddian, Latin vas, vadis, vador, vadimonium. See Hebrew Chaldee Syriac to pledge, Class Bd. No. 25.]

1. Pertaining to a league or contract; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, particularly between nations. The Romans, contrary to federal right, compelled them to part with Sardinia.

Grew.

2. Consisting in a compact between parties, particularly and chiefly between states or nations; founded on alliance by contract or mutual agreement; as a federal government, such as that of the United States.

3. Friendly to the constitution of the United States. [See the Noun.]

Federal

FED'ERAL, or FED'ERALIST, noun An appellation in America, given to the friends of the constitution of the United States, at its formation and adoption, and to the political party which favored the administration of President Washington.

Federary

FED'ERARY, or FED'ARY, noun A partner; a confederate; an accomplice. [Not used.]

Shak.

Federate

FED'ERATE, adjective [Latin foederatus.] Leagued; united by compact, as sovereignties, states or nations; joined in confederacy; as federate nations or powers.

Federation

FEDERA'TION, noun The act of uniting in a league.

2. A league; a confederacy.

Burke.

Federative

FED'ERATIVE, adjective Uniting; joining in a league; forming a confederacy.

Fedity

FE'DITY, noun [Latin foeditas.] Turpitude; vileness. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Fee

FEE, noun [Saxon feo, feoh; Dutch vee; German vieh; Swedish f?; Danish foee; Scot. fee, fey, or fie, cattle; Latin pecu, pccus. From the use of cattle in transferring property, or from barter and payments in cattle, the word came to signify money; it signified also goods, substance in general. The word belongs to Class Bg, but the primary sense is not obvious.]

1. A reward or compensation for services; recompense, either gratuitous, or established by law and claimed of right. It is applied particularly to the reward of professional services; as the fees of lawyers and physicians; the fees of office; clerk's fees; sheriff's fees; marriage fees, &c. Many of these are fixed by law; but gratuities to professional men are also called fees.

Fee

FEE, noun [This word is usually deduced from Saxon feoh, cattle, property, and fee, a reward. This is a mistake. Fee, in land, is a contraction of feud or fief, or from the same source; Italian fede, Spanish fe, faith, trust. Fee, a reward, from feoh, is a Teutonic word; but fee, feud, fief, are words wholly unknown to the Teutonic nations, who use, as synonymous with them, the word, which, in English, is loan. This word, fee, in land, or an estate in trust, originated among the descendants of the northern conquerors of Italy, but it originated in the south of Europe. See Feud.] Primarily, a loan of land, an estate in trust, granted by a prince or lord, to be held by the grantee on condition of personal service, or other condition; and if the grantee or tenant failed to perform the conditions, the land reverted to the lord or donor, called the landlord, or lend-lord, the lord of the loan. A fee then is any land or tenement held of a superior on certain conditions. It is synonymous with fief and feud. All the land in England, except the crown land, is of this kind. Fees are absolute or limited. An absolute fee or fee-simple is land which a man holds to himself and his heirs forever, who are called tenants in fee simple. Hence in modern times, the term fee or fee simple denotes an estate of inheritance; and in America, where lands are not generally held of a superior, a fee or fee-simple is an estate in which the owner has the whole property without any condition annexed to the tenure. A limited fee is an estate limited or clogged with certain conditions; as a qualified or base fee, which ceases with the existence of certain conditions; and a conditional fee, which is limited to particular heirs.

Blackstone. Encyc. In the U. States, an estate in fee or fee-simple is what is called in English law an allodial estate, an estate held by a person in his own right, and descendible to the heirs in general.

Fee-Farm

FEE'-FARM, noun [fee and farm.] A kind of tenure of estates without homage, fealty or other service, except that mentioned in the feoffment, which is usually the full rent. The nature of this tenure is, that if the rent is in arrear or unpaid for two years, the feoffor and his heirs may have an action for the recovery of the lands.

Encyc.

Fee-Tail

FEE'-TAIL, noun An estate entailed; a conditional fee.

Fee

FEE, verb transitive To pay a fee to; to reward. Hence,

2. To engage in one's service by advancing a fee or sum of money to; as, to fee a lawyer.

3. To hire; to bribe.

Shak.

4. To keep in hire.

Shak.

Feeble

FEE'BLE, adjective [French foible; Spanish feble; Norm. id.; Italian fievole. I know not the origin of the first syllable.]

1. Weak; destitute of much physical strength; as, infants are feeble at their birth.

2. Infirm; sickly; debilitated by disease.

3. Debilitated by age or decline of life.

4. Not full or loud; as a feeble voice or sound.

5. Wanting force or vigor; as feeble efforts.

6. Not bright or strong; faint; imperfect; as feeble light; feeble colors.

7. Not strong or vigorous; as feeble powers of mind.

3. Not vehement or rapid; slow; as feeble motion.

Feeble

FEE'BLE, verb transitive To weaken. [Not used. See Enfeeble.]

Feeble-Minded

FEE'BLE-MINDED, adjective Weak in mind; wanting firmness or constancy; irresolute. Comfort the feeble-minded. 1 Thessalonians 5.

Feebleness

FEE'BLENESS, noun Weakness of body or mind, from any cause; imbecility; infirmity; want of strength, physical or intellectual; as feebleness of the body or limbs; feebleness of the mind or understanding.

2. Want of fullness or loudness; as feebleness of voice.

3. Want of vigor or force; as feebleness of exertion, or of operation.

4. Defect of brightness; as feebleness of light or color.

Feebly

FEE'BLY, adverb Weakly; without strength; as, to move feebly. Thy gentle numbers feebly creep.

Dryden.

Feed

FEED, verb transitive pret. and pp. fed. [Saxon fedan; Danish foder, Swedish f?da, to feed and to beget; Gothic fodyan; Dutch voeden, to feed; German futter, fodder; fÃƒ-¼ttern, to feed; Norm. foder, to feed and to dig, uniting with feed the Latin fodio; Arabic; fata, to feed, and congressus fuit cum faemina, saepius concubuit. Class Bd. No. 14. See Father. In Russian petayu, is to nourish; and in Welsh buyd is food, and bwyta, to eat; Armoric boeta; Irish fiadh, food.]

1. To give food to; as, to feed an infant; to feed horses and oxen.

2. To supply with provisions. We have flour and meat enough to feed the army a month.

3. To supply; to furnish with any thing of which there is constant consumption, waste or use. Springs feed ponds, lakes and rivers; ponds and streams feed canals. Mills are fed from hoppers.

4. To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle. If grain is too forward in autumn, feed it with sheep. Once in three years feed your mowing lands.

Mortimer.

5. To nourish; to cherish; to supply with nutriment; as, to feed hope or expectation; to feed vanity.

6. To keep in hope or expectation; as, to feed one with hope.

7. To supply fuel; as, to feed a fire.

8. To delight; to supply with something desirable; to entertain; as, to feed the eye with the beauties of a landscape.

9. To give food or fodder for fattening; to fatten. The county of Hampshire, in Massachusetts, feeds a great number of cattle for slaughter.

10. To supply with food, and to lead, guard and protect; a scriptural sense. He shall feed his flock like a shepherd. Isaiah 40.

Feed

FEED, verb intransitive To take food; to eat.

Shak.

2. To subsist by eating; to prey. Some birds feed on seeds and berries, others on flesh.

3. To pasture; to graze; to place cattle to feed. Exodus 22.

4. To grow fat.

Johnson.

Feed

FEED, noun Food; that which is eaten; pasture; fodder; applied to that which is eaten by beasts, not to the food of men. The hills of our country furnish the best feed for sheep.

2. Meal, or act of eating. For such pleasure till that hour At feed or fountain never had I found.

Milton.

Feeder

FEE'DER, noun One that gives food, or supplies nourishment.

2. One who furnishes incentives; an encourager. The feeder of my riots.

Shak.

3. One that eats or subsists; as, small birds are feeders on grain or seeds.

4. One that fattens cattle for slaughter.

U. States.

5. A fountain, stream or channel that supplies a main canal with water.

Feeder of a vein, in mining, a short cross vein.

Cyc.

Feeding

FEE'DING, participle of the present tense Giving food or nutriment; furnishing provisions; eating; taking food or nourishment; grazing; supplying water or that which is constantly consumed; nourishing; supplying fuel or incentives.

Feeding

FEE'DING, noun Rich pasture.

Drayton.

Feel

FEEL, verb transitive pret. and pp. felt. [Saxon felan, foelan, gefelan; German fÃƒ-¼hlen; Dutch voelen; allied probably to Latin palpo. Qu. Welsh pwyllaw, to impel. The primary sense is to touch, to pat, to strike gently, or to press, as is evident from the Latin palpito, and other derivatives of palpo. If so, the word seems to be allied to Latin pello. See Class Bl. No. 8.]

1. To perceive by the touch; to have sensation excited by contact of a thing with the body or limbs. Suffer me that I may feel the pillars. Judges 16. Come near, I pray thee, that I may feel thee, my son. Genesis 27.

2. To have the sense of; to suffer or enjoy; as, to feel pain; to feel pleasure.

3. To experience; to suffer. Whoso keepeth the commandments shall feel no evil thing. Ecclesiastes 8.

3. To be affected by; to perceive mentally; as, to feel grief or woe. Would I had never trod this English earth, Or felt the flatteries that grow upon it.

Shak.

5. To know; to be acquainted with; to have a real and just view of. For then, and not till then, he felt himself.

Shak.

6. To touch; to handle; with or without of.

Feel this piece of silk, or feel of it.

To feel, or to feel out, is to try; to sound; to search for; to explore; as, to feel or feel out one's opinions or designs.

To feel after, to search for; to seek to find; to seek as a person groping in the dark. If haply they might feel after him, and find him. Acts 17.

Feel

FEEL, verb intransitive To have perception by the touch, or by the contact of any substance with the body.

2. To have the sensibility or the passions moved or excited. The good man feels for the woes of others. Man, who feels for all mankind.

Pope.

3. To give perception; to excite sensation. Blind men say black feels rough, and white feels smooth.

Drydcn. So we say, a thing feels soft or hard, or it feels hot or cold.

4. To have perception mentally; as, to feel hurt; to feel grieved; to feel unwilling.

Feel

FEEL, noun The sense of feeling, or the perception caused by the touch. The difference of tumors may be ascertained by the feel. Argillaceous stones may sometimes be known by the feel. [In America, feeling is more generally used; but the use of feel is not uncommon.]

Feeler

FEE'LER, noun One who feels.

2. One of the palpi of insects. The feelers of insects are usually four or six, and situated near the mouth. They are filiform and resemble articulated, movable antennae. They are distinguished from antennae or horns, by being short, naked and placed near the mouth. They are used in searching for food.

Encyc. This term is also applied to the antennoe or horns of insects. Paley.

Feeling

FEE'LING, participle of the present tense Perceiving by the touch; having perception.

2. adjective Expressive of great sensibility; affecting; tending to excite the passions. He made a feeling representation of his wrongs. He spoke with feeling eloquence.

3. Possessing great sensibility; easily affected or moved; as a feeling man; a feeling heart.

4. Sensibly or deeply affected; as, I had a feeling sense of his favors. [This use is not analogical, but common.]

Feeling

FEE'LING, noun The sense of touch; the sense by which we perceive external objects which come in contact with the body, and obtain ideas of their tangible qualities; one of the five senses. It is by feeling we know that a body is hard or soft, hot or cold, wet or dry, rough or smooth.

2. Sensation; the effect of perception. The apprehension of the good Gives but the greater feeling to the worse.

Shak.

3. Faculty or power of perception; sensibility. Their king, out of a princely feeling, was sparing and compassionate towards his subjects.

Bacon.

4. Nice sensibility; as a man of feeling.

5. Excitement; emotion.

Feelingly

FEE'LINGLY, adverb With expression of great sensibility; tenderly; as, to speak feelingly.

2. So as to be sensibly felt. These are counselors, That feelingly persuade me what I am.

Shak.

Feese

FEESE, noun A race. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Feet

FEET, n. plu. of foot. [See Foot.]

Feetless

FEE'TLESS, adjective Destitute of feet; as feetless birds.

Camden.

Feign

FEIGN, v. t. fane. [French feindre; Spanish fingir; Italian fingere, or fignere; Latin fingo; Dutch veinzen; Armoric feinta, fincha. The Latin forms fictum, fictus, whence figura, figure. Hence it agrees with Welsh fugiaw, to feign or dissemble; fug, feint, disguise; also Latin fucus.]

1. To invent or imagine; to form an idea or conception of something not real. There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou feignest them out of thine own heart. Nehemiah 6.

2. To make a show of; to pretend; to assume a false appearance; to counterfeit. I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner. 2 Samuel 14. She feigns a laugh.

Pope.

3. To represent falsely; to pretend; to form and relate a fictitious tale. The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.

Shak.

4. To dissemble; to conceal. Obs.

Spenser.

Feigned

FEIGNED, participle passive Invented; devised; imagined; assumed.

Feignedly

FEIGNEDLY, adverb In fiction; in pretense; not really.

Bacon.

Feignedness

FEIGNEDNESS, noun Fiction; pretense; deceit.

Harmar.

Feigner

FEIGNER, noun One who feigns; an inventor; a deviser of fiction.

B. Jonson.

Feigning

FEIGNING, participle of the present tense Imagining; inventing; pretending; making a false show.

Feigning

FEIGNING, noun A false appearance; artful contrivance.

B. Jonson.

Feigningly

FEIGNINGLY, adverb With false appearance.

Feint

FEINT, noun [French feinte, from feindre.] An assumed or false appearance; a pretense of doing something not intended to be done. Courtley's letter is but a feint to get off.

Spectator.

2. A mock attack; an appearance of aiming at one part when another is intended to be struck. In fencing, a show of making a thrust at one part, to deceive an antagonist, when the intention is to strike another part.

Prior. Encyc.

Feint

FEINT, adjective or participle passive Counterfeit; seeming. [Not used.]

Locke.

Felanders

FE'LANDERS, noun [See Filanders.]

Ainsworth.

Feldspar

FELD'SPAR, or FEL'SPAR, or FELD'SPATH, or FEL'SPATH, noun [German feld, field, and spar. It is written by some authors felspar, which is rock-spar, or fel is a contraction of feld. Spath in German signifies spar.] A mineral widely distributed and usually of a foliated structure. When in crystals or crystaline masses, it is very susceptible of mechanical division at natural joints. Its hardness is a little inferior to that of quartz. There are several varieties, as common feldspar, the adularia, the siliceous, the glassy, the ice-spar, the opalescent, aventurine feldspar, petuntze, the granular, and the compact.

Cleaveland.

Feldspathic

FELDSPATH'IC, adjective Pertaining to feldspar, or consisting of it.

Journ. of Science.

Felicitate

FELIC'ITATE, verb transitive [French feliciter; Spanish felicitar; Italian felicitare; Latin felicito, from felix, happy.]

1. To make very happy. What a glorious entertainment and pleasure would fill and felicitate his spirit, if he could grasp all in a single survey.

Watts. More generally,

2. To congratulate; to express joy or pleasure to. We felicitate our friends on the acquisition of good, or an escape from evil.

Felicitate

FELIC'ITATE, adjective Made very happy.

Shak.

Felicitated

FELIC'ITATED, participle passive Made very happy; congratulated.

Felicitating

FELIC'ITATING, participle of the present tense Making very happy; congratulating.

Felicitation

FELICITA'TION, noun Congratulation.

Dict.

Felicitous

FELIC'ITOUS, adjective Very happy; prosperous; delightful.

Dict.

Felicitously

FELIC'ITOUSLY, adverb Happily.

Dict.

Felicity

FELIC'ITY, noun [Latin felicitas, from felix, happy.]

1. Happiness, or rather great happiness; blessedness; blissfulness; appropriately, the joys of heaven.

2. Prosperity; blessing; enjoyment of good. The felicities of her wonderful reign may be complete.

Atterbury. FemalesÃ‚--who confer on life its finest felicities. Rawle.

Feline

FE'LINE, adjective [Latin felinus, from felis, a cat. Qu. fell, fierce.] Pertaining to cats, or to their species; like a cat; noting the cat kind or the genus Felis. We say, the feline race; feline rapacity.

Fell

FELL, preterit tense of fall.

Fell

FELL, adjective [Saxon fell; Dutch fel.] Cruel; barbarous; inhuman. It seemed fury, discord, madness fell.

Fairfax.

2. Fierce; savage; ravenous; bloody. More fell than tigers on the Libyan plain.

Pope.

Fell

FELL, noun [Saxon fell; German id.; Dutch vel; Latin pellis; French peau; probably from peeling.] A skin or hide of a beast; used chiefly in composition, as wool-fell.

Fell

FELL, noun [German fels.] A barren or stony hill. [Local.]

Gray.

Fell

FELL, verb transitive [Dutch vellen; German fÃƒ-¤llen; Swedish f?lla; Danish foelder; probably from the root of fall.] To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring to the ground, either by cutting, as to fell trees, or by striking, as to fell an ox.

Felled

FELL'ED, participle passive Knocked or cut down.

Feller

FELL'ER, noun One who hews or knocks down. Isaiah 14.

Fellifluous

FELLIF'LUOUS, adjective [Latin fel, gall, and fluo, to flow.] Flowing with gall.

Dict.

Felling

FELL'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting or beating to the ground.

Fellmonger

FELL'MONGER, noun [fell and monger.] A dealer in hides.

Fellness

FELL'NESS, noun [See Fell, cruel.] Cruelty; fierce barbarity; rage.

Spenser.

Felloe

FELL'OE, [See Felly.]

Fellow

FEL'LOW, noun [Saxon felaw; Scot. falow. Qu. from follow. More probably, Hebrew Chaldee to tie or connect, to be joined or associated. Class Bl. No. 46. 53.]

1. A companion; an associate. In youth I had twelve fellows, like myself.

Ascham. Each on his fellow for assistance calls.

Dryden.

2. One of the same kind. A shepherd had one favorite dog: he fed him with his own hand, and took more care of him than of his fellows.

L'Estrange.

3. An equal. Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith Jehovah of hosts. Zechariah 13.

4. One of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to each other. Of a pair of gloves, we call one the fellow of the other.

5. One equal or like another. Of an artist we say, this man has not his fellow, that is, one of like skill.

6. An appellation of contempt; a man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble man; as a mean fellow. Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow.

Pope.

7. A member of a college that shares its revenues; or a member of any incorporated society.

Johnson.

8. A member of a corporation; a trustee.

U. States.

Fellow

FEL'LOW, verb transitive To suit with; to pair with; to match. [Little used.]

Shak. In composition, fellow denotes community of nature, station or employment.

Fellow-Citizen

FELLOW-CIT'IZEN, noun A citizen of the same state or nation. Ephesians 2.

Fellow-Commoner

FELLOW-COM'MONER, noun One who has the same right of common.

2. In Cambridge, England, one who dines with the fellows.

Fellow-Counselor

FELLOW-COUN'SELOR, noun An associate in council.

Shak.

Fellow-Creature

FELLOW-CRE'ATURE, noun One of the same race or kind. Thus men are all called fellow-creatures. Watts uses the word for one made by the same creator. ``Reason by which we are raised above our fellow-creatures, the brutes.' But the word is not now used in this sense.

Fellow-Feeling

FELLOW-FEE'LING, noun Sympathy; a like feeling.

2. Joint interest. [Not in use.]

Fellow-Heir

FELLOW-HEIR, noun A co-heir, or joint-heir; one entitled to a share of the same inheritance. That the Gentiles should be fellow-heirs. Ephesians 3.

Fellow-Helper

FELLOW-HELP'ER, noun A co-adjutor; one who concurs or aids in the same business. 3 John 8.

Fellow-Laborer

FELLOW-LA'BORER, noun One who labors in the same business or design.

Fellowlike

FEL'LOWLIKE, adjective Like a companion; companionable; on equal terms.

Carew.

Fellow-Maiden

FELLOW-MA'IDEN, noun A maiden who is an associate.

Shak.

Fellow-Member

FELLOW-MEM'BER, noun A member of the same body.

Fellow-Minister

FELLOW-MIN'ISTER, noun One who officiates in the same ministry or calling.

Shak.

Fellow-Peer

FELLOW-PEE'R, noun One who has the like privileges of nobility.

Shak.

Fellow-Prisoner

FELLOW-PRIS'ONER, noun One imprisoned in the same place. Romans 16.

Fellow-Rake

FELLOW-RA'KE, noun An associate in vice and profligacy.

Armstrong.

Fellow-Scholar

FELLOW-SCHOL'AR, noun An associate in studies.

Shak.

Fellow-Servant

FELLOW-SERV'ANT, noun One who has the same master.

Milton.

Fellowship

FEL'LOWSHIP, noun Companionship; society; consort; mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms; familiar intercourse. Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Ephesians 5. Men are made for society and mutual fellowship.

Calamy.

2. Association; confederacy; combination. Most of the other christian princes were drawn into the fellowship of that war. [Unusual.]

Knolles.

3. Partnership; joint interest; as fellowship in pain.

Milton.

4. Company; a state of being together. The great contention of the sea and skies Parted our fellowship.

Shak.

5. Frequency of intercourse. In a great town friends are scattered, so that there is not that fellowship which is in less neighborhoods.

Bacon.

6. Fitness and fondness for festive entertainments; with good prefixed. He had by his good fellowshipÃ‚--made himself popular, with all the officers of the army.

Clarendon.

7. Communion; intimate familiarity. 1 John 1.

8. In arithmetic, the rule of proportions, by which the accounts of partners in business are adjusted, so that each partner may have a share of gain or sustain a share of loss, in proportion to his part of the stock.

9. An establishment in colleges, for the maintenance of a fellow.

Fellow-Soldier

FELLOW-SO'LDIER, noun One who fights under the same commander, or is engaged in the same service. Officers often address their companions in arms by this appellation.

Fellow-Stream

FELLOW-STRE'AM, noun A stream in the vicinity.

Shenstone.

Fellow-Student

FELLOW-STU'DENT, noun One who studies in the same company or class with another, or who belongs to the same school.

Fellow-Subject

FELLOW-SUB'JECT, noun One who is subject to the same government with another.

Swift.

Fellow-Sufferer

FELLOW-SUF'FERER, noun One who shares in the same evil, or partakes of the same sufferings with another.

Fellow-Traveler

FELLOW-TRAV'ELER, noun One who travels in company with another.

Fellow-Writer

FELLOW-WRI'TER, noun One who writes at the same time.

Addison.

Fellow-Worker

FELLOW-WORK'ER, noun One employed in the same occupation.

Felly

FEL'LY, adverb [See Fell, cruel.] Cruelly; fiercely; barbarously.

Spenser.

Felly

FEL'LY, noun [Saxon foelge; Danish id.; Dutch velge; German felge.] The exterior part or rim of a wheel, supported by the spokes.

Felo de se, in law, one who commits felony by suicide, or deliberately destroys his own life.

Felon

FEL'ON, noun [French felon; Low Latin felo; Armoric fellon; Italian fello or fellone, a thief. I accord with Spelman in deducing this word from the root of fail, the original signification being, a vassal who failed in his fidelity or allegiance to his lord, and committed an offense by which he forfeited his feud. Hence in French, felon is traitorous, rebellious. So the word is explained and deduced in Gregoire's Armoric Dictionary. The derivation from fee and lon in Spelman, copied by Blackstone, is unnatural.]

1. In law, a person who has committed felony. [See Felony.]

2. A whitlow; a painful swelling formed in the periosteum at the end of the finger.

Wiseman.

Felon

FEL'ON, adjective Malignant; fierce; malicious; proceeding from a depraved heart. Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.

Pope.

2. Traitorous; disloyal.

Felonious

FELO'NIOUS, adjective Malignant; malicious; indicating or proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose; villainous; traitorous; perfidious; as a felonious deed.

2. In law, proceeding from an evil heart or purpose; done with the deliberate purpose to commit a crime; as felonious homicide.

Feloniously

FELO'NIOUSLY, adverb In a felonious manner; with the deliberate intention to commit a crime. Indictments for capital offenses must state the fact to be done feloniously.

Felon-Wort

FEL'ON-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Solanum.

Fam. of plants.

Felony

FEL'ONY, noun [See Felon.] In common law, any crime which incurs the forfeiture of lands or goods. Treason was formerly comprised under the name of felony, but is now distinguished from crimes thus denominated, although it is really a felony. All offenses punishable with death are felonies; and so are some crimes not thus punished, as suicide, homicide by chancemedley, or in self-defense, and petty larceny. Capital punishment therefore does not necessarily enter into the true idea or definition of felony; the true criterion of felony being forfeiture of lands or goods. But the idea of felony has been so generally connected with that of capital punishment, that law and usage now confirm that connection. Thus if a statute makes any new offense a felony, it is understood to mean a crime punishable with death.

Blackstone.

Felsite

FEL'SITE, noun [See Feldspar.] A species of compact feldspar, of an azure blue or green color, found amorphous associated with quartz and mica.

Kirwan.

Felt

FELT, preterit tense of feel.

Felt

FELT, noun [Saxon felt; German filz; Dutch vilt; French feutre, for feultre; Armoric feltr, or feultr; Italian feltro. This may be derived naturally from the root of fill or full, to stuff and make thick, or from the root of Latin pellis, fell, a skin, from plucking or stripping, Latin vello, vellus, wool. In Irish folt, Welsh gwallt, is hair.]

1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or wool and hair, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure with lees or size.

Encyc.

2. A hat made of wool.

3. Skin. To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the felt be loose.

Mortimer.

Felt

FELT, verb transitive To make cloth or stuff of wool, or wool and hair, by fulling.

Hale.

Felter

FELT'ER, verb transitive To clot or meet together like felt.

Fairfax.

Feltmaker

FELT'MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make felt.

Felucca

FELUC'CA, noun [Italian feluca; French felouque; Spanish faluca.] A boat or vessel, with oars and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. It has this peculiarity, that the helm may be applied to the head or stern, as occasion requires.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Felwort

FEL'WORT, noun A plant, a species of Gentian.

Female

FE'MALE, noun [French femelle; Latin femella; Armoric femell; French femme, woman. See Feminine.]

1. Among animals, one of that sex which conceives and brings forth young.

2. Among plants, that which produces fruit; that which bears the pistil and receives the pollen of the male flowers.

Female

FE'MALE, adjective Noting the sex which produces young; not male; as a female bee.

2. Pertaining to females; as a female hand or heart; female tenderness. To the generous decision of a female mind, we owe the discovery of America.

Belknap.

3. Feminine; soft; delicate; weak.

Female rhymes, double rhymes, so called from the French, in which language they end in e feminine.

Female-Flower

FEMALE-FLOWER, noun In botany, a flower which is furnished with the pistil, pointal, or female organs.

Female-Plant

FEMALE-PLANT, noun A plant which produces female flowers.

Female-Screw

FEMALE-SCREW, noun A screw with grooves or channels.

Feme-Covert

FEME-COVERT, or FEMME-COVERT, noun [French] A married woman, who is under covert of her baron or husband.

Feme-Sole

FEME-SOLE, or FEMME-SOLE, noun An unmarried woman.

Femme-sole merchant, a woman who uses a trade alone, or without her husband.

Feminality

FEMINAL'ITY, noun The female nature.

Brown.

Feminate

FEM'INATE, adjective Feminine. [Not in use.]

Ford.

Feminine

FEM'ININE, adjective [French feminin; Latin femininus, from femina, woman. The first syllable may be and probably is from wemb or womb, by the use of f for w; the b not being radical. The last part of the word is probably from man, quasi, femman, womb-man.]

1. Pertaining to a woman, or to women, or to females; as the female sex.

2. Soft; tender; delicate. Her heavenly form Angelic, but more soft and feminine.

Milton.

3. Effeminate; destitute of manly qualities.

Raleigh.

4. In grammar, denoting the gender or words which signify females, or the terminations of such words. Words are said to be of the feminine gender, when they denote females, or have the terminations proper to express females in any given language. Thus in Latin dominus, a lord, is masculine; but domina, is mistress, a female. Milton uses feminine as a noun, for female.

Feminity

FEMIN'ITY, noun The quality of the female sex. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Feminize

FEM'INIZE, verb transitive To make womanish. [Not used.]

More.

Femoral

FEM'ORAL, adjective [Latin femoralis, from femur, the thigh.] Belonging to the thigh; as the femoral artery.

Fen

FEN, noun [Saxon fen or fenn; Dutch veen; Armoric fenna, to overflow; Welsh fynu, to abound, to produce; hence Latin fons, fountain.] Low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; a moor or marsh. A long canal the muddy fen divides.

Addison.

Fen-Berry

FEN'-BERRY, noun A kind of blackberry.

Skinner.

Fen-Born

FEN'-BORN, adjective Born or produced in a fen.

Milton.

Fen-Cress

FEN'-CRESS, noun [Saxon fen-cerse.] Cress growing in fens.

Fen-Cricket

FEN'-CRICKET, noun [Gryllotalpa.] An insect that digs for itself a little hole in the ground.

Johnson.

Fen-Duck

FEN'-DUCK, noun A species of wild duck.

Fen-Fowl

FEN'-FOWL, noun Any fowl that frequents fens.

Fen-Land

FEN'-LAND, noun Marshy land.

Fen-Sucked

FEN'-SUCKED, adjective Sucked out of marshes; as fen-sucked fogs.

Shak.

Fence

FENCE, n. fens. [See Fend.] A wall, hedge, ditch, bank, or line of posts and rails, or of boards or pickets, intended to confine beasts from straying, and to guard a field from being entered by cattle, or from other encroachment. A good farmer has good fences about his farm; an insufficient fence is evidence of bad management. Broken windows and poor fences are evidences of idleness or poverty or of both.

2. A guard; any thing to restrain entrance; that which defends from attack, approach or injury; security; defense. A fense betwixt us and the victor's wrath.

Addison.

3. Fencing, or the art of fencing; defense.

Shak.

4. Skill in fencing or defense.

Shak.

Fence

FENCE, v. t. fens. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or any thing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle; to secure by an inclosure. In New England, farmers, for the most part, fence their lands with posts and rails, or with stone walls. In England, lands are usually fenced with hedges and ditches. He hath fenced my way that I cannot pass. Job 19.

2. To guard; to fortify. So much of adder's wisdom I have learnt, To fence my ear against thy sorceries.

Milton.

Fence

FENCE, verb intransitive To practice the art of fencing; to use a sword or foil, for the purpose of learning the art of attack and defense. To fence well is deemed a useful accomplishment for military gentlemen.

2. To fight and defend by giving and avoiding blows or thrusts. They fence and push, and, pushing, loudly roar, Their dewlaps and their sides are bathed in gore.

Dryden.

3. To raise a fence; to guard. It is difficult to fence against unruly cattle.

Fenced

FEN'CED, participle passive Inclosed with a fence; guarded; fortified.

Fenceful

FENCEFUL, a. fens'ful. Affording defense.

Congreve.

Fenceless

FENCELESS, a. fens'less. Without a fence; uninclosed; unguarded.

2. Open; not inclosed; as the fenceless ocean.

Rowe.

Fence-Month

FENCE-MONTH, noun The month in which hunting in any forest is prohibited.

Bullokar.

Fencer

FEN'CER, noun One who fences; one who teaches or practices the art of fencing with sword or foil.

Digby.

Fencible

FEN'CIBLE, adjective Capable of defense.

Spenser. Addison.

2. noun A soldier for defense of the country; as a regiment of fencibles.

Fencing

FEN'CING, participle of the present tense Inclosing with fence; guarding; fortifying.

Fencing

FEN'CING, noun The art of using skilfully a sword or foil in attack or defense; an art taught in schools.

2. The materials of fences for farms.

N. England.

Fencing-Master

FEN'CING-MASTER, noun One who teaches the art of attack and defense with sword or foil.

Fencing-School

FEN'CING-SCHOOL, noun A school in which the art of fencing is taught.

Fend

FEND, verb transitive [The root of defend and offend. The primary sense is to fall on, or to strike, to repel.] To keep off; to prevent from entering; to ward off; to shut out. With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.

Dryden. It is usually followed by off; as, to fend off blows.

To fend off a boat or vessel, is to prevent its running against another, or against a wharf, &c., with too much violence.

Fend

FEND, verb intransitive To act in opposition; to resist; to parry; to shift off.

Locke.

Fended

FEND'ED, participle passive Kept off; warded off; shut out.

Fender

FEND'ER, noun That which defends; an utensil employed to hinder coals of fire from rolling forward to the floor.

2. A piece of timber or other thing hung over the side of a vessel to prevent it from striking or rubbing against a wharf, also to preserve a small vessel from being injured by a large one.

Fending

FEND'ING, participle of the present tense Keeping or warding off.

Fenerate

FEN'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin foenero.] To put to use; to lend on interest. [Not used.]

Feneration

FENERA'TION, noun The act of lending on use; or the interest or gain of that which is lent.

Fenestral

FENES'TRAL, adjective [Latin fenestralis, from fenestra, a window.] Pertaining to a window.

Nicholson.

Fennel

FEN'NEL, noun [Saxon fenol; German fenchel; Dutch venkel; Swedish fenkÃƒ-¥l; Danish fennikel; Welsh fenigyl; French fenouil; Spanish hinojo; Italian finocchio; Irish feneul; Latin foeniculum, from foenum, hay.] A fragrant plant of the genus Anethum, cultivated in gardens.

Fennel-Flower

FEN'NEL-FLOWER, noun A plant of the genus Nigella.

Fennel-Giant

FEN'NEL-GIANT, noun A plant of the genus Ferula.

Fenny

FEN'NY, adjective [from fen.] Boggy; marshy; moorish.

Moxon.

2. Growing in fens; as fenny brake.

Prior.

3. Inhabiting marshy ground; as a fenny snake.

Shak.

Fennystones

FENNYSTONES, noun A plant.

Fenowed

FEN'OWED, adjective Corrupted; decayed. [Not in use.]

Fenugreek

FEN'UGREEK, noun [Latin foenum groecum.] A plant of the genus Trigonella.

Feod

FE'OD, noun A feud. So written by Blackstone and other authors; but more generally, feud, which see.

Feodal

FE'ODAL, adjective Feudal, which see.

Feodality

FEODAL'ITY, noun Feudal tenures; the feudal system.

Burke.

Feodary

FE'ODARY, noun One who holds lands of a superior, on condition of suit and service. [Little used.] [See Feudatory.]

Feodatory

FEODATORY. [See Feudatory.]

Feoff

FEOFF, v. t. feff. [Norm. feffre; French fieffer, from fief. The first syllable is the Italian fede, Spanish fe, contracted from fides, faith; the last syllable I am not able to trace.] To invest with a fee or feud; to give or grant to one any corporeal hereditament. The compound infeoff is more generally used.

Feoff

FEOFF, a fief. [See Fief.]

Feoffee

FEOFFEE, n. feffee'. A person who is infeoffed, that is, invested with a fee or corporeal hereditament.

Feoffer

FEOFFER, or FEOFFOR, n. feff'er. One who infeoffs or grants a fee.

Feoffment

FEOFFMENT, n. feff'ment. [Law Latin feoffamentum.] The gift or grant of a fee or corporeal hereditament, as land, castles, honors, or other immovable thing; a grant in fee simple, to a man and his heirs forever. When in writing, it is called a deed of feoffment. The primary sense is the grant of a feud or an estate in trust. [See Feud.]

Feracious

FERA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin ferax, from fero, to bear.] Fruitful; producing abundantly.

Thomson.

Feracity

FERAC'ITY, noun [Latin feracitas.] Fruitfulness [Little used.]

Feral

FE'RAL, adjective [Latin feralis.] Funereal; pertaining to funerals; mournful.

Burton.

Fere

FERE, noun [Saxon fera, or gefera, with a prefix.] A fellow; a mate; a peer. Obs.

Chaucer.

Feretory

FER'ETORY, noun [Latin feretrum, a bier.] A place in a church for a bier.

Ferial

FE'RIAL, adjective [Latin ferialis.] Pertaining to holidays, or to common days.

Gregory.

Feriation

FERIA'TION, noun [Latin feriatio, from ferioe, vacant days, holidays; German feier, whence feiern, to rest from labor, to keep holiday, Dutch vieren.] The act of keeping holiday; cessation from work.

Brown.

Ferine

FE'RINE, adjective [Latin ferinus, from ferus, wild, probably from the root of Saxon faran, to go, to wander, or a verb of the same family.] Wild; untamed; savage. Lions, tigers, wolves and bears are ferine beasts.

Hale.

Ferineness

FE'RINENESS, noun Wildness; savageness.

Hale.

Ferity

FER'ITY, noun [Latin feritas, from ferus, wild.] Wildness; savageness; cruelty.

Woodward.

Ferm

FERM, noun A farm or rent; a lodging-house. Obs. [See Farm.]

Ferment

FER'MENT, noun [Latin fermentum, from ferveo, to boil. See Fervent.]

1. A gentle boiling; or the internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid.

[In this sense it is rarely used. See Fermentation.]

2. Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation; as, to put the passions in a ferment; the state or people are in a ferment. Subdue and cool the ferment of desire.

Rogers.

3. That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer.

Ferment

FERMENT', verb transitive [Latin fermento; French fermenter; Spanish fermentar; Italian fermentare.] To set in motion; to excite internal motion; to heat; to raise by intestine motion. While youth ferments the blood.

Pope.

Ferment

FERMENT', verb intransitive To work; to effervesce; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion, as the constituent particles of an animal or vegetable fluid. To the vinous fermentation we apply the term, work. We say that new cider, beer or wine ferments or works. But work is not applied to the other kinds of fermentation.

Fermentable

FERMENT'ABLE, adjective Capable of fermentation; thus, cider, beer of all kinds, wine, and other vegetable liquors, are fermentable.

Fermentation

FERMENTA'TION, noun [Latin fermentatio.] The sensible internal motion of the constituent particles of animal and vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of heat and moisture, and accompanied by an extrication of gas and heat. Fermentation is followed by a change of properties in the substances fermented, arising from new combinations of their principles. It may be defined, in its most general sense, any spontaneous change which takes place in animal or vegetable substances, after life has ceased. It is of three kinds, vinous, acetous and putrefactive. The term is also applied to other processes, as the panary fermentation, or the raising of bread; but it is limited, by some authors, to the vinous and acetous fermentations, which terminate in the production of alcohol or vinegar. Fermentation differs from effervescence. The former is confined to animal and vegetable substances; the latter is applicable to mineral substances. The former is spontaneous; the latter produced by the mixture of bodies.

Encyc. Parr. Thomson.

Fermentative

FERMENT'ATIVE, adjective Causing or having power to cause fermentation; as fermentative heat.

2. Consisting in fermentation; as fermentative process.

Fermentativeness

FERMENT'ATIVENESS, noun The state of being fermentative.

Fermented

FERMENT'ED, participle passive Worked; having undergone the process of fermentation.

Fermenting

FERMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Working; effervescing.

Fern

FERN, noun [Saxon fearn; German farn-kraut; Dutch vaaren.] A plant of several species constituting the tribe or family of Filices, which have their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves, or in which the flowers are borne on footstalks which overtop the leaves. The stem is the common footstalk or rather the middle rib of the leaves, so that most ferns want the stem altogether. The ferns constitute the first order of cryptogams, in the sexual system.

Milne. Encyc.

Fern-Owl

FERN-OWL, noun The goatsucker.

Ferny

FERN'Y, adjective Abounding or overgrown with fern.

Barret.

Ferocious

FERO'CIOUS, adjective [French feroce; Spanish feroz; Italian feroce; Latin ferox; allied to ferus, wild, fera, a wild animal.]

1. Fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty; as a ferocious look, countenance or features.

2. Ravenous; rapacious; as a ferocious lion.

3. Fierce; barbarous; cruel; as ferocious savages.

Ferociously

FERO'CIOUSLY, adverb Fiercely; with savage cruelty.

Ferociousness

FERO'CIOUSNESS, noun Savage fierceness; cruelty; ferocity.

Ferocity

FEROC'ITY, noun [Latin ferocitas.] Savage wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; as the ferocity of barbarians.

2. Fierceness indicating a savage heart; as ferocity of countenance.

Ferreous

FER'REOUS, adjective [Latin ferreus, from ferrum, iron, French fer, Spanish hierro, from the Celtic; Welsh fer, solid; feru, to concrete.] Partaking of iron; pertaining to iron; like iron; made of iron.

Brown.

Ferret

FER'RET, noun [Dutch vret; French furet; German frett, or frettchen, or frettwiesel; Welsh fured; Irish firead; Spanish huron; Italian furetto. Fur in Welsh is subtil, penetrating, cunning.]

1. An animal of the genus Mustela, or Weasel kind, about 14 inches in length, of a pale yellow color with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has been introduced into Europe. It cannot however bear cold, and cannot subsist even in France, except in a domestic state. Ferrets are used to catch rabbits.

Encyc.

2. A kind of narrow woolen tape.

3. Among glass makers, the iron used to try the melted matter, to see if it is fit to work, and to make the rings at the mouths of bottles.

Encyc.

Ferret

FER'RET, verb transitive To drive out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the coney.

Johnson. Heylin.

Ferreted

FER'RETED, participle passive Driven from a burrow or lurking place.

Ferreter

FER'RETER, noun One that hunts another in his private retreat.

Ferreting

FER'RETING, participle of the present tense Driving from a lurking place.

Ferriage

FER'RIAGE, noun [See Ferry.] The price or fare to be paid at a ferry; the compensation established or paid for conveyance over a river or lake in a boat.

Ferric

FER'RIC, adjective Pertaining to or extracted from iron. Ferric acid is the acid of iron saturated with oxygen.

Lavoisier.

Ferri-Calcite

FERRI-CAL'CITE, noun [Latin ferrum, iron, and calx, lime.] A species of calcarious earth or limestone combined with a large portion of iron, from 7 to 14 per cent.

Kirwan.

Ferriferous

FERRIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin ferrum and fero.] Producing or yielding iron.

Phillips.

Ferrilite

FER'RILITE, noun [Latin ferrum, iron, and Greek, a stone.] Rowley ragg; a variety of trap, containing iron in the state of oxyd.

Kirwan.

Ferro-Cyanate

FERRO-CY'ANATE, noun A compound of the ferro-cyanic acid with a base.

Ferro-Cyanic

FERRO-CYAN'IC, adjective [Latin ferrum, iron, and cyanic, which see.] The same as ferro-prussic.

Ferro-Prussiate

FERRO-PRUS'SIATE, noun A compound of the ferro-prussic acid with a base.

Ferro-Prussic

FERRO-PRUS'SIC, adjective [Latin ferrum, iron, and prussic.] Designating a peculiar acid, formed of prussic acid and protoxyd of iron.

Coxe.

Ferro-Silicate

FERRO-SIL'ICATE, noun A compound of ferro-silicic acid with a base, forming a substance analogous to a salt.

Ferro-Silicic

FERRO-SILIC'IC, adjective [Latin ferrum, iron, and silex.] Designating a compound of iron and silex.

Ferruginated

FERRU'GINATED, adjective [infra.] Having the color or properties of the rust of iron.

Ferruginous

FERRU'GINOUS, adjective [Latin ferrugo, rust of iron, from ferrum, iron.]

1. Partaking of iron; containing particles of iron.

2. Of the color of the rust or oxyd of iron. [Ferrugineous is less used.]

Ferrule

FER'RULE, noun [Spanish birola, a ring or cap for a cane.] A ring of metal put round a cane or other thing to strengthen it.

Ferry

FER'RY, verb transitive [Saxon feran, ferian; German fÃƒ-¼hren; Greek; Latin fero; allied to bear, and more nearly to Saxon faran, to pass. See Bear and Fare, and Class Br. No. 33. 35.] To carry or transport over a river, strait or other water, in a boat. We ferry men, horses, carriages, over rivers, for a moderate fee or price called fare or ferriage.

Ferry

FER'RY, verb intransitive To pass over water in a boat.

Milton.

Ferry

FER'RY, noun A boat or small vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over rivers or other narrow waters; sometimes called a wherry. This application of the word is, I believe, entirely obsolete, at least in America.

2. The place or passage where boats pass over water to convey passengers.

3. The right of transporting passengers over a lake or stream. A. B. owns the ferry at Windsor. [In New England, this word is used in the two latter senses.]

Ferryboat

FER'RYBOAT, noun A boat for conveying passengers over streams and other narrow waters.

Ferryman

FER'RYMAN, noun One who keeps a ferry, and transports passengers over a river.

Fertile

FER'TILE, adjective [French fertile; Spanish fertil; Italian fertile; Latin fertilis, from fero, to bear.]

1. Fruitful; rich; producing fruit in abundance; as fertile land, ground, soil, fields or meadows. This word in America is rarely applied to trees, or to animals, but to land. It formerly had of before the thing produced; as fertile of all kinds of grain; but in is now used; fertile in grain.

2. Rich; having abundant resources; prolific; productive; inventive; able to produce abundantly; as a fertile genius, mind or imagination.

Fertileness

FER'TILENESS, noun [See Fertility.]

Fertility

FERTIL'ITY, noun [Latin fertilitas.] Fruitfulness; the quality of producing fruit in abundance; as the fertility of land, ground, soil, fields and meadows.

2. Richness; abundant resources; fertile invention; as the fertility of genius, of fancy or imagination.

Fertilize

FER'TILIZE, verb transitive To enrich; to supply with the pabulum of plants; to make fruitful or productive; as, to fertilize land, soil, ground and meadows. [Fertilitate is not used.]

Fertilized

FER'TILIZED, participle passive Enriched; rendered fruitful.

Fertilizing

FER'TILIZING, participle of the present tense Enriching; making fruitful or productive. The Connecticut overflows the adjacent meadows, fertilizing them by depositing fine particles of earth or vegetable substances.

2. adjective Enriching; furnishing the nutriment of plants.

Ferulaceous

FERULA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin ferula.] Pertaining to reeds or canes; having a stalk like a reed; or resembling the Ferula, as ferulaceous plants.

Fourcroy.

Ferule

FER'ULE, noun [Latin ferula, from ferio, to strike, or from the use of stalks of the Ferula.]

1. A little wooden pallet or slice, used to punish children in school, by striking them on the palm of the hand. [Ferular is not used.]

2. Under the Eastern empire, the ferula was the emperor's scepter. It was a long stem or shank, with a flat square head.

Encyc.

Ferule

FER'ULE, verb transitive To punish with a ferule.

Fervency

FERV'ENCY, noun [See Fervent.] Heat of mind; ardor; eagerness.

Shak.

2. Pious ardor; animated zeal; warmth of devotion. When you pray, let it be with attention, with fervency, and with perseverance.

Wake.

Fervent

FERV'ENT, adjective [Latin fervens, from ferveo, to be hot, to boil, to glow; Arabic to boil, to swell with heat, to ferment. Class Br. No. 30. Ferveo gives the Spanish hervir, to boil, to swarm as bees, whose motions resemble the boiling of water.]

1. Hot; boiling; as a fervent summer; fervent blood.

Spenser. Wotton.

2. Hot in temper; vehement. They are fervent to dispute.

Hooker.

3. Ardent; very warm; earnest; excited; animated; glowing; as fervent zeal; fervent piety.

Fervent in spirit. Romans 12.

Fervently

FERV'ENTLY, adverb Earnestly; eagerly; vehemently; with great warmth.

2. With pious ardor; with earnest zeal; ardently. EpaphrasÃ‚--saluteth you, laboring fervently for you in prayers. Colossians 4.

Fervid

FERV'ID, adjective [Latin fervidus.] Very hot; burning; boiling; as fervid heat.

2. Very warm in zeal; vehement; eager; earnest; as fervid zeal.

Fervidly

FERV'IDLY, adverb Very hotly; with glowing warmth.

Fervidness

FERV'IDNESS, noun Glowing heat; ardor of mind; warm zeal.

Bentley.

Fervor

FERV'OR, noun [Latin fervor.] Heat or warmth; as the fervor of a summer's day.

2. Heat of mind; ardor; warm or animated zeal and earnestness in the duties of religion, particularly in prayer.

Fescennine

FES'CENNINE, adjective Pertaining to Fescennium in Italy; licentious.

Kennet.

Fescennine

FES'CENNINE, noun A nuptial song, or a licentious song.

Cartwright.

Fescue

FES'CUE, noun [French fÃƒ-©tu, for festu, a straw; Latin festuca, a shoot or stalk of a tree, a rod.] A small wire used to point out letters to children when learning to read.

Dryden. Holder.

Fescue-Grass

FES'CUE-GRASS, noun The Festuca, a genus of grasses.

Lee.

Fesels

FE'SELS, noun A kind of base grain.

May.

Fesse

FESSE, n. fess. [Latin fascia, a band.] In heraldry, a band or girdle, possessing the third part of the escutcheon; one of the nine honorable ordinaries.

Peacham. Encyc.

Fesse-Point

FESSE-POINT, noun The exact center of the escutcheon.

Encyc.

Festal

FES'TAL, adjective [Latin festus, festive. See Feast.] Pertaining to a feast; joyous; gay; mirthful.

Chesterfield.

Fester

FES'TER, verb intransitive [Qu. Latin pestis, pus, or pustula.] To rankle; to corrupt; to grow virulent. We say of a sore or wound, it festers. Passion and unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart; but it is treachery that makes it fester.

South.

Festering

FES'TERING, participle of the present tense Rankling; growing virulent.

Festinate

FES'TINATE, adjective [Latin festino, festinatus.] Hasty; hurried. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Festination

FESTINA'TION, noun Haste. [Not used.]

Festival

FES'TIVAL, adjective [Latin festivus, from festus, or festum, or fasti. See Feast.] Pertaining to a feast; joyous; mirthful; as a festival entertainment.

Atterbury.

Festival

FES'TIVAL, noun The time of feasting; an anniversary day of joy, civil or religious. The morning trumpets festival proclaimed.

Milton.

Festive

FES'TIVE, adjective [Latin festivus.] Pertaining to or becoming a feast; joyous; gay; mirthful. The glad circle round them yield their souls To festive mirth and wit that knows no gall.

Thomson.

Festivity

FESTIV'ITY, noun [Latin festivitas.] Primarily, the mirth of a feast; hence, joyfulness; gayety; social joy or exhiliration of spirits at an entertainment.

Taylor.

2. A festival. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Festoon

FESTOON', noun [French feston; Spanish id.; Italian festone; probably a tie, from the root of fast, Welsh fest.] Something in imitation of a garland or wreath. In architecture and sculpture, an ornament of carved work in the form of a wreath of flowers, fruits and leaves intermixed or twisted together. It is in the form of a string or collar, somewhat largest in the middle, where it falls down in an arch, being suspended by the ends, the extremities of which hang down perpendicularly.

Harris. Encyc.

Festucine

FES'TUCINE, adjective [Latin festuca.] Being of a straw-color.

Brown.

Festucous

FES'TUCOUS, adjective Formed of straw.

Brown.

Fet

FET, noun [French fait.] A piece. [Not used.]

Fet

FET, verb transitive or i. To fetch; to come to. [Not used.]

Tusser. Sackville.

Fetal

FE'TAL, adjective [from fetus.] Pertaining to a fetus.

Fetch

FETCH, verb transitive [Saxon feccan, or feccean. I have not found this word in any other language. Fet, fettan, must be a different word or a corruption.]

1. To go and bring, or simply to bring, that is, to bear a thing towards or to a person. We will take men to fetch victuals for the people. Judges 20. Go to the flock, and fetch me from thence two kids of the goats. Genesis 27. In the latter passage, fetch signifies only to bring.

2. To derive; to draw, as from a source. Ã‚--On you noblest English, Whose blood is fetched from fathers of warproof.

Shak.

[In this sense, the use is neither common nor elegant.]

3. To strike at a distance. [Not used.] The conditions and improvements of weapons are the fetching afar off.

Bacon.

4. To bring back; to recall; to bring to any state. [Not used or vulgar.] In smells we see their great and sudden effect in fetching men again, when they swoon.

Bacon.

5. To bring or draw; as, to fetch a thing within a certain compass.

6. To make; to perform; as, to fetch a turn; to fetch a leap or bound.

Shak.

Fetch a compass behind them. 2 Samuel 5.

7. To draw; to heave; as, to fetch a sigh.

Addison.

8. To reach; to attain or come to; to arrive at. We fetched the syren's isle.

Chapman.

9. To bring; to obtain as its price. Wheat fetches only 75 cents the bushel. A commodity is worth what it will fetch.

To fetch out, to bring or draw out; to cause to appear.

To fetch to, to restore; to revive, as from a swoon.

To fetch up, to bring up; to cause to come up or forth.

To fetch a pump, to pour water into it to make it draw water.

Mar. Dict.

Fetch

FETCH, verb intransitive To move or turn; as, to fetch about.

Shak.

Fetch

FETCH, noun A stratagem, by which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an artifice; as a fetch of wit.

Shak. Straight cast about to over-reach Th' unwary conqueror with a fetch. Hudibras.

Fetcher

FETCH'ER, noun One that brings.

Fetching

FETCH'ING, participle of the present tense Bringing; going and bringing; deriving; drawing; making; reaching; obtaining as price.

Fetichism

FET'ICHISM, or FET'ICISM, noun The worship of idols among the negroes of Africa, among whom fetich is an idol, any tree, stone or other thing worshipped.

Fetid

FET'ID, adjective [Latin foetidus, from foeteo, to have an ill scent.] Having an offensive smell; having a strong or rancid scent. Most putrefactions smell either fetid or moldy.

Bacon.

Fetidness

FET'IDNESS, noun The quality of smelling offensively; a fetid quality.

Fetiferous

FETIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin foetifer; foetus and fero, to bear.] Producing young, as animals.

Fetlock

FET'LOCK, noun [foot or feet and lock.] A tuft of hair growing behind the pastern joint of many horses. Horses of low size have scarce any such tuft.

Far. Dict.

Fetor

FE'TOR, noun [Latin foetor.] Any strong offensive smell; stench.

Arbuthnot.

Fetter

FET'TER, noun [Saxon fetor, from foot, feet, as in Latin pedica; German fessel. Chiefly used in the plural, fetters.]

1. A chain for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined by the foot, either made fast or fixed, as a prisoner, or impeded in motion and hindered from leaping, as a horse whose fore and hind feet are confined by a chain. The Philistines bound Samson with fetters of brass. Judges 16.

2. Any thing that confines or restrains from motion. Passions too fierce to be in fetters bound.

Dryden.

Fetter

FET'TER, verb transitive To put on fetters; to shackle or confine the feet with a chain.

2. To bind; to enchain; to confine; to restrain motion; to impose restraints on.

Fetter strong madness in a silken thread.

Shak.

Fettered

FET'TERED, participle passive Bound or confined by fetters; enchained.

Marston.

Fettering

FET'TERING, participle of the present tense Binding or fastening by the feet with a chain; confining; restraining motion.

Fetterless

FET'TERLESS, adjective Free from fetters or restraint.

Marston.

Fettstein

FETT'STEIN, noun [German fat-stone.] A mineral of a greenish or bluish gray color or flesh red, called also elaolite.

Aikin. Jameson.

Fetus

FE'TUS, noun plu. fetuses. [Latin foetus.] The young of viviparous animals in the womb, and of oviparous animals in the egg, after it is perfectly formed; before which time it is called embryo. A young animal then is called a fetus from the time its parts are distinctly formed, till its birth.

Encyc.

Feu de joie, fire of joy, a French phrase for a bonfire, or a firing of guns in token of joy.

Feud

FEUD, noun [Saxon foehth, or foegth, from figan, feon, to hate. Hence also fah, a foe, and from the participle, feond, a fiend; Dutch vyand, German feind, an enemy; German fehde, war, quarrel; Swedish fegd; Danish fejde. In Irish, fuath is hatred, abhorrence. Class Bg.]

1. Primarily, a deadly quarrel; hatred and contention that was to be terminated only by death. Among our rude ancestors, these quarrels, though originating in the murder of an individual, involved the whole tribe or family of the injured and of the aggressing parties. Hence in modern usage,

2. A contention or quarrel; particularly, an inveterate quarrel between families or parties in a state; the discord and animosities which prevail among the citizens of a state or city, sometimes accompanied with civil war. In the north of Great Britain, the word is still used in its original sense; denoting a combination of kindred to revenge the death of any of their blood, on the offender and all his race, or any other great enemy. We say, it is the policy of our enemies to raise and cherish intestine feuds. The word is not strictly applicable to wars between different nations, but to intestine wars, and to quarrels and animosities between families or small tribes.

Feud

FEUD, noun [Usually supposed to be composed of the Teutonic fee, goods, reward, and ead or odh, Welsh eizaw, possession, property. But if feuds had been given as rewards for services, that consideration would have vested the title to the land in the donee. Yet feud is not a Teutonic or Gothic word, being found among none of the northern nations of Europe. This word originated in the south of Europe, whether in France, Spain or Italy, may perhaps be ascertained by writings of the middle ages, which I do not possess. It probably originated among the Franks, or in Lombardy or Italy, and certainly among men who studied the civil law. In Italian, a feoffee is called fede-commessario, a trust-commissary; fede-commesso, is a feoffment, a trustestate; Spanish fideicomiso, a feoffment. These words are the fidei-commissarius, fidei-commissum, of the Digest and Codex. In Spanish fiado signifies security given for another or bail; al fiado, on trust; fiador, one who trusts; feudo, a fief, fee or feud; Portugese id. In Norman, fidz de chevalers signifies knight's fees. Feud, then, and fee, which is a contraction of it, is a word formed from the Latin fides, Italian fede, Spanish fe, Norm. fei, faith, trust, with had, state, or ead or odh, estate; and a feud is an estate in trust, or on condition, which coincides nearly in sense with the northern word, German lehen, Dutch leen, Swedish l?n, Danish lehn, loan, From the origin of this word, we see the peculiar propriety of calling the donee fidelis, and his obligation to his lord fidelitas, whence fealty.] A fief; a fee; a right to lands or hereditaments held in trust, or on the terms of performing certain conditions; the right which a vassal or tenant has to the lands or other immovable thing of his lord, to use the same and take the profits thereof hereditarily, rendering to his superior such duties and services as belong to military tenure, &c., the property of the soil always remaining in the lord or superior. From the foregoing explanation of the origin of the word, result very naturally the definition of the term, and the doctrine of forfeiture, upon non-performance of the conditions of the trust or loan.

Feudal

FEU'DAL, adjective [Spanish feudal.] Pertaining to feuds, fiefs or fees; as feudal rights or services; feudal tenures.

2. Consisting of feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures by military services; as the feudal system.

Feudality

FEUDAL'ITY, noun The state or quality of being feudal; feudal form or constitution.

Burke.

Feudalism

FEU'DALISM, noun The feudal system; the principles and constitution of feuds, or lands held by military services.

Whitaker.

Feudary

FEU'DARY, adjective Holding land of a superior.

Feudatary

FEU'DATARY, noun A feudatory, which see.

Feudatory

FEU'DATORY, noun [Spanish feudatorio; Portugese feudatario.] A tenant or vassal who holds his lands of a superior, on condition of military service; the tenant of a feud or fief.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Feudist

FEU'DIST, noun A writer on feuds.

Spelman.

Feuillage

FEUILLAGE, noun [French foliage.] A bunch or row of leaves.

Jervas.

Feuillemort

FEUILLEMORT, noun [French dead leaf.] The color of a faded leaf.

Feuter

FEU'TER, verb transitive To make ready. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Feuterer

FEU'TERER, noun A dog keeper. [Not used.]

Massenger.

Fever

FE'VER, noun [French fievre; Spanish fiebre; Italian febbre; Latin febris, supposed to be so written by transposition for ferbis, or fervis, from ferbeo, ferveo, to be hot, Arabic Class Br. No. 30.]

1. A disease, characterized by an accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired functions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural thirst This order of diseases is called by Cullen pyrexy, Greek. Fevers are often or generally preceded by chills or rigors, called the cold stage of the disease. Fevers are of various kinds; but the principal division of fevers is into remitting fevers, which subside or abate at intervals; intermitting fevers, which intermit or entirely cease at intervals; and continued or continual fevers, which neither remit nor intermit.

2. Heat; agitation; excitement by any thing that strongly affects the passions. This news has given me a fever. This quarrel has set my blood in a fever.

Fever

FE'VER, verb transitive To put in a fever.

Dryden.

Fever-Cooling

FE'VER-COOLING, adjective Allaying febrile heat.

Thomson.

Feveret

FE'VERET, noun A slight fever. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Feverfew

FE'VERFEW, noun [Saxon feferfuge; Latin febris and fugo.] A plant, or rather a genus of plants, the Matricaria, so named from supposed febrifuge qualities. The common feverfew grows to the highth of two or three feet, with compound leaves and compound radiated white flowers, with a yellow disk.

Feverish

FE'VERISH, adjective Having a slight fever; as the patient is feverish.

2. Diseased with fever or heat; as feverish nature.

Creech.

3. Uncertain; inconstant; fickle; now hot, now cold. We toss and turn about our feverish will.

Dryden.

4. Hot; sultry; burning; as the feverish north.

Dryden.

Feverishness

FE'VERISHNESS, noun The state of being feverish; a slight febrile affection.

Feverous

FE'VEROUS, adjective Affected with fever or ague.

Shak.

2. Having the nature of fever. All feverous kinds.

Milton.

3. Having a tendency to produce fever; as a feverous disposition of the year. [This word is little used.]

Bacon.

Fever-Root

FE'VER-ROOT, noun A plant of the genus Triosteum.

Fever-Sick

FE'VER-SICK, adjective [Saxon fefer-seoc.] Diseased with fever.

Peele.

Fever-Weakened

FE'VER-WEAKENED, adjective Debilitated by fever.

Fever-Weed

FE'VER-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Eryngium.

Fever-Wort

FE'VER-WORT, noun [See Fever-root.]

Fevery

FE'VERY, adjective Affected with fever.

B. Jonson.

Few

FEW, adjective [Saxon fea, or feawa; Danish fÃƒ-¶ye; French peu; Spanish and Italian poco; Latin pauci. The senses of few and small are often united. Class Bg.] Not many; small in number. Party is the madness of many for the gain of a few; but few men, in times of party, regard the maxim.

Fewel

FEW'EL, noun Combustible matter. [See Fuel.]

Fewness

FEW'NESS, noun Smallness of number; paucity.

Dryden.

2. Paucity of words; brevity. [Not used.]

Shak.

Fiance

FI'ANCE, verb transitive To betroth. [See Affiance.]

Fiat

FI'AT. [Latin from fio.] Let it be done; a decree; a command to do something.

Fib

FIB, noun [See Fable. Irish meabhra.] A lie or falsehood; a word used among children and the vulgar, as a softer expression than lie.

Fib

FIB, verb intransitive To lie; to speak falsely.

Fibber

FIB'BER, noun One who tells lies or fibs.

Fibbing

FIB'BING, participle of the present tense Telling fibs; as a noun, the telling of fibs.

Fiber

FI'BER, noun [French fibre; Latin fibra; Spanish hebra, fibra; Italian fibra.] A thread; a fine, slender body which constitutes a part of the frame of animals. Of fibers, some are soft and flexible; others more hard and elastic. Those that are soft are hollow, or spungy and full of little cells, as the nervous and fleshy. Some are so small as scarcely to be visible; others are larger and appear to be composed of still smaller fibers. These fibers constitute the substance of the bones, cartilages, ligaments, membranes, nerves, veins, arteries, and muscles.

Quincy.

2. A filament or slender thread in plants or minerals; the small slender root of a plant.

3. Any fine, slender thread.

Fibril

FI'BRIL, noun [French fibrille.] A small fiber; the branch of a fiber; a very slender thread.

Cheyne.

Fibrin

FI'BRIN, noun [See Fiber.] A peculiar organic compound substance found in animals and vegetables. It is a soft solid, of a greasy appearance, which softens in air, becoming viscid, brown and semitransparent, but is insoluble in water. It is the chief constituent of muscular flesh.

Ure.

Fibrolite

FIB'ROLITE, noun [from Latin fibra, and Greek.] A mineral that occurs with corundum, of a white or gray color, composed of minute fibres, some of which appear to be rhomboidal prisms.

Cleaveland.

Fibrous

FI'BROUS, adjective Composed or consisting of fibers; as a fibrous body or substance.

2. Containing fibers. In mineralogy, a fibrous fracture, is that which presents fine threads or slender lines, either straight or curved, parallel, diverging, or stellated, like the rays of a star.

Kirwan.

Fibula

FIB'ULA, noun [Latin] The outer and lesser bone of the leg, much smaller than the tibia.

Quincy.

2. A clasp or buckle.

Fickle

FICK'LE, adjective [Saxon ficol; but it seems to be connected with wicelian, Swedish vackla, to waver, from the root of wag; Latin vacillo; Greek; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac to fail, or rather Hebrew, to stagger. Class Bg. No. 44. 60.]

1. Wavering; inconstant; unstable; of a changeable mind; irresolute; not firm in opinion or purpose; capricious. They know how fickle common lovers are.

Dryden.

2. Not fixed or firm; liable to change or vicissitude; as a fickle state.

Milton.

Fickleness

FICK'LENESS, noun A wavering; wavering disposition; inconstancy; instability; unsteadiness in opinion or purpose; as the fickleness of lovers.

2. Instability; changeableness; as the fickleness of fortune.

Fickly

FICK'LY, adverb Without firmness or steadiness.

Southern.

Fico

FI'CO, noun [Italian a fig.] An act of contempt done with the fingers, expressing a fig for you.

Carew.

Fictile

FIC'TILE, adjective [Latin fictilis, from fictus, fingo, to feign.] Molded into form by art; manufactured by the potter.

Fictile earth is more fragile than crude earth.

Bacon.

Fiction

FIC'TION, noun [Latin fictio, from fingo, to feign.]

1. The act of feigning, inventing or imagining; as, by the mere fiction of the mind.

Stillingfleet.

2. That which is feigned, invented or imagined. The story is a fiction. So also was the fiction of those golden apples kept by a dragon, taken from the serpent which tempted Eve.

Raleigh.

Fictious

FICTIOUS, for fictitious, not used.

Fictitious

FICTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin fictitius, from fingo, to feign.]

1. Feigned; imaginary; not real. The human persons are as fictitious as the airy ones.

Pope.

2. Counterfeit; false; not genuine; as fictitious fame.

Dryden.

Fictitiously

FICTI'TIOUSLY, adverb By fiction; falsely; counterfeitly.

Fictitiousness

FICTI'TIOUSNESS, noun Feigned representation.

Brown.

Fictive

FIC'TIVE, adjective Feigned. [Not used.]

Fid

FID, noun A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support the top-mast, when erected at the head of the lower mast.

Mar. Dict.

2. A pin of hard wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the strands of a rope in splicing.

Mar. Dict.

Fiddle

FID'DLE, noun [German fiedel; Dutch vedel; Latin fides, fidicula.] A stringed instrument of music; a violin.

Fiddle

FID'DLE, verb intransitive To play on a fiddle or violin. Themistocles said he could not fiddle, but he could make a small town a great city.

Bacon. It is said that Nero fiddled, when Rome was in flames. History.

2. To trifle; to shift the hands often and do nothing, like a fellow that plays on a fiddle. Good cooks cannot abide what they call fiddling work.

Swift.

Fiddle

FID'DLE, verb transitive To play a tune on a fiddle.

Fiddle-Faddle

FID'DLE-FADDLE, noun Trifles. [A low cant word.]

Spectator.

Fiddle-Faddle

FID'DLE-FADDLE, adjective Trifling; making a bustle about nothing. [Vulgar.]

Fiddler

FID'DLER, noun One who plays on a fiddle or violin.

Fiddle-Stick

FID'DLE-STICK, noun The bow and string with which a fiddler plays on a violin.

Fiddle-String

FID'DLE-STRING, noun The string of a fiddle, fastened at the ends and elevated in the middle by a bridge.

Fiddle-Wood

FID'DLE-WOOD, noun A plant of the genus Citharexylon.

Fiddling

FID'DLING, participle of the present tense Playing on a fiddle.

Fiddling

FID'DLING, noun The act of playing on a fiddle.

Bacon.

Fidejussor

FI'DEJUSSOR, noun [Latin] A surety; one bound for another.

Blackstone.

Fidelity

FIDEL'ITY, noun [Latin fidelitas, from fides, faith, fido, to trust. See Faith.]

1. Faithfulness; careful and exact observance of duty, or performance of obligations. We expect fidelity in a public minister, in an agent or trustee, in a domestic servant, in a friend. The best security for the fidelity of men, is to make interest coincide with duty.

Federalist, Hamilton.

2. Firm adherence to a person or party with which one is united, or to which one is bound; loyalty; as the fidelity of subjects to their king or government; the fidelity of a tenant or liege to his lord.

3. Observance of the marriage covenant; as the fidelity of a husband or wife.

4. Honesty; veracity; adherence to truth; as the fidelity of a witness.

Fidge

FIDG'E, or FIDG'ET, verb intransitive [allied probably to fickle.] To move one way and the other; to move irregularly or in fits and starts. [A low word.]

Swift.

Fidget

FIDG'ET, noun Irregular motion; restlessness. [Vulgar.]

Fidgety

FIDG'ETY, adjective Restless; uneasy. [Vulgar.]

Fiducial

FIDU'CIAL, adjective [from Latin fiducia, from fido, to trust.]

1. Confident; undoubting; firm; as a fiducial reliance on the promises of the gospel.

2. Having the nature of a trust; as fiducial power.

Spelman.

Fiducially

FIDU'CIALLY, adverb With confidence.

South.

Fiduciary

FIDU'CIARY, adjective [Latin fiduciarius, from fido, to trust.]

1. Confident; steady; undoubting; unwavering; firm.

Wake.

2. Not to be doubted; as fiduciary obedience.

Howell.

3. Held in trust.

Spelman.

Fiduciary

FIDU'CIARY, noun One who holds a thing in trust; a trustee.

2. One who depends on faith for salvation, without works; an antinomian.

Hammond.

Fie

FIE, pronounced fi, an exclamation denoting contempt or dislike.

Fief

FIEF, noun [French fief, probably a compound word, consisting of fe, faith, and a word I do not understand. See Fee, Feoff and Feud.] A fee; a feud; an estate held of a superior on condition of military service.

Field

FIELD, noun [Saxon feld; German feld; Dutch veld; Swedish Danish felt; probably level land, a plain, from Dutch vellen, to fell, to lay or throw down.]

1. A piece of land inclosed for tillage or pasture; any part of a farm, except the garden and appurtenances of the mansion; properly land not covered with wood, and more strictly applicable to tillage land than to mowing land, which is often called meadow. But we say, the master of the house is in the field with his laborers, when he is at a distance from his house on his farm. He is in the field, plowing, sowing, reaping or making hay.

2. Ground not inclosed.

Mortimer.

3. The ground where a battle is fought. We say, the field of battle; these veterans are excellent soldiers in the field.

4. A battle; action in the field. What though the field be lost.

Milton.

5. To keep the field, is to keep the campaign open; to live in tents, or to be in a state of active operations. At the approach of cold weather, the troops, unable to keep the field, were ordered into winter quarters.

6. A wide expanse. Ask of yonder argent fields above.

Pope.

7. Open space for action or operation; compass; extent. This subject opens a wide field for contemplation.

8. A piece or tract of land. The field I give thee and the cave that is therein. Genesis 23.

9. The ground or blank space on which figures are drawn; as the field or ground of a picture.

Dryden.

10. In heraldry, the whole surface of the shield, or the continent.

Encyc.

11. In scripture, field often signifies the open country, ground not inclosed, as it may in some countries in modern times.

12. A field of ice, a large body of floating ice.

Fielded

FIE'LDED, adjective Being in the field of battle; encamped.

Shak.

Field-Basil

FIE'LD-BASIL, noun A plant of several kinds.

Field-Bed

FIE'LD-BED, noun A bed for the field.

Shak.

Field-Book

FIE'LD-BOOK, noun A book used in surveying, in which are set down the angles, stations, distances, &c.

Encyc.

Field-Colors

FIE'LD-COLORS, n. plu. In war, small flags of about a foot and half square, carried along with the quarter-master general, for marking out the ground for the squadrons and battalions.

Encyc.

Field-Duck

FIE'LD-DUCK, noun A species of bustard, nearly as large as a pheasant; found chiefly in France.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Fieldfare

FIE'LDFARE, noun [field and fare, wandering in the field. Saxon faran, to go.] A bird of the genus Turdus or thrush, about ten inches in length, the head ash-colored, the back and greater coverts of the wings, of a fine deep chesnut, and the tail black. These birds pass the summer in the northern parts of Europe, but visit Great Britain in winter.

Encyc.

Field-Marshal

FIELD-M`ARSHAL, noun The commander of an army; a military officer of high rank in France and Germany, and the highest military officer in England.

Fieldmouse

FIE'LDMOUSE, noun A species of mouse that lives in the field, burrowing in banks, &c.

Mortimer.

Field-Officer

FIE'LD-OFFICER, noun A military officer above the rank of captain, as a major or colonel.

Field-Piece

FIE'LD-PIECE, noun A small cannon which is carried along with armies, and used in the field of battle.

Field-Preacher

FIE'LD-PREACHER, noun One who preaches in the open air.

Lavington.

Field-Preaching

FIE'LD-PREACHING, noun A preaching in the field or open air.

Warburton.

Fieldroom

FIE'LDROOM, noun Open space. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Field-Sports

FIE'LD-SPORTS, n. plu. Diversions of the field, as shooting and hunting.

Chesterfield.

Field-Staff

FIE'LD-STAFF, noun A weapon carried by gunners, about the length of a halbert, with a spear at the end; having on each side ears screwed on, like the cock of a match-lock, where the gunners screw in lighted matches, when they are on command.

Encyc.

Field-Works

FIE'LD-WORKS, noun In the military art, works thrown up by an army in besieging a fortress, or by the besieged to defend the place.

Encyc.

Fieldy

FIE'LDY, adjective Open like a field. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Fiend

FIEND, noun [Saxon feond, Gothic fiands, from fian, feon, figan, to hate; German feind; Dutch vyand; Swedish Danish fiende. See Feud, contention.] An enemy in the worst sense; an implacable or malicious foe; the devil; an infernal being. O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind Is bent, all hell contains no fouler fiend.

Pope.

Fiendful

FIE'NDFUL, adjective Full of evil or malignant practices.

Marlowe.

Fiendlike

FIE'NDLIKE, adjective Resembling a fiend; maliciously wicked; diabolical.

Fierce

FIERCE, n. fers. [French fier; Italian fiero, feroce; Spanish fiero, feroz; from Latin ferus, ferox, the primary sense of which is wild, running, rushing.]

1. Vehement; violent; furious; rushing; impetuous; as a fierce wind.

Watts.

2. Savage; ravenous; easily enraged; as a fierce lion.

3. Vehement in rage; eager of mischief; as a fierce tyrant; a monster fierce for blood.

4. Violent; outrageous; not to be restrained. Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce. Genesis 49.

5. Passionate; angry; furious.

6. Wild; staring; ferocious; as a fierce countenance.

7. Very eager; ardent; vehement; as a man fierce for his party.

Fiercely

FIERCELY, adv. fers'ly. Violently; furiously; with rage; as, both sides fiercely fought.

2. With a wild aspect; as, to look fiercely.

Fierce-Minded

FIERCE-MINDED, adjective Vehement; of a furious temper.

Bp. Wilson.

Fierceness

FIERCENESS, n. fers'ness. Ferocity; savageness. The defect of heat which gives fierceness to our natures.

Swift.

2. Eagerness for blood; fury; as the fierceness of a lion or bear.

3. Quickness to attack; keenness in anger and resentment. The Greeks are strong, and skilful to their strength, Fierce to their skill, and to their fierceness valiant.

Shak.

4. Violence; outrageous passion. His pride and brutal fierceness I abhor.

Dryden.

5. Vehemence; fury; impetuosity; as the fierceness of a tempest.

Fieri Facias

FIERI FA'CIAS, noun [Latin] In law, a judicial writ that lies for him who has recovered in debt or damages, commanding the sheriff to levy the same on the goods of him against whom the recovery was had.

Cowel.

Fieriness

FI'ERINESS, noun [See Fiery, Fire.] The quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony; the quality of a substance that excites a sensation of heat.

Boyle.

2. Heat of temper; irritability; as fieriness of temper.

Addison.

Fiery

FI'ERY, adjective [from fire.] Consisting of fire; as the fiery gulf of Etna. And fiery billows roll below.

Watts.

2. Hot like fire; as a fiery heart.

Shak.

3. Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous; as a fiery spirit.

4. Passionate; easily provoked; irritable. You know the fiery quality of the duke.

Shak.

5. Unrestrained; fierce; as a fiery steed.

6. Heated by fire. The sword which is made fiery.

Hooker.

7. Like fire; bright; glaring; as a fiery appearance.

Fife

FIFE, noun [French fifre; German pfeife. It is radically the same as pipe, Welsh pib, Irish pib or pip, Dutch pyp, Danish pibe, Swedish pipa, coinciding with Latin pipio, to pip or peep, as a chicken. The word may have received its name from a hollow stalk, or from its sound.] A small pipe, used as a wind instrument, chiefly in martial music with drums.

Fife

FIFE, verb intransitive To play on a fife.

Fifer

FI'FER, noun One who plays on a fife.

Fifteen

FIFTEE'N, adjective [Saxon fiftyn.] Five and ten.

Fifteenth

FIFTEE'NTH, adjective [Saxon fiftyntha.] The ordinal of fifteen; the fifth after the tenth.

2. Containing one part in fifteen.

Fifteenth

FIFTEE'NTH, noun A fifteenth part.

Fifth

FIFTH, adjective [Saxon fifta. See Five.] The ordinal of five; the next to the fourth.

2. Elliptically, a fifth part; or the word may be considered as a noun, as to give a fifth or two fifths.

Fifth

FIFTH, noun In music, an interval consisting of three tones and a semitone.

Encyc.

Fifthly

FIFTH'LY, adverb In the fifth place.

Fiftieth

FIF'TIETH, adjective [Saxon fifteogetha; fif, five, and teogetha, tenth.] The ordinal of fifty; as the fiftieth part of a foot. This may be used elliptically, as a fiftieth of his goods, part being understood; or in this case, the word may be treated in grammars as a noun, admitting a plural, as two fiftieths.

Fifty

FIF'TY, adjective [Saxon fiftig; fif, five, and Gothic tig, ten.] Five tens; five times ten; as fifty men. It may be used as a noun in the plural. And they sat down by fifties. Mark 6.

Fig

FIG, noun [Latin ficus; Spanish figo or higo; Italian fico; French figue; German feige; Dutch vyg; Hebrew; Chaldee.]

1. The fruit of the fig-tree, which is of a round or oblong shape, and a dark purplish color, with a pulp of a sweet taste. But the varieties are numerous; some being blue, others red, and others of a dark brown color.

Encyc.

2. The fig-tree.

Pope.

Fig

FIG, verb transitive To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions of the fingers. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To put something useless into one's head. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Fig-Apple

FIG'-APPLE, noun A species of apple.

Johnson.

Fig-Gnat

FIG'-GNAT, noun An insect of the fly kind.

Johnson.

Fig-Leaf

FIG'-LEAF, noun The leaf of a fig-tree; also, a thin covering, in allusion to the first covering of Adam and Eve.

Fig-Marigold

FIG-MAR'IGOLD, noun The Mesembryanthemum, a succulent plant, resembling houseleek; the leaves grow opposite by pairs.

Fam. of Plants. Miller.

Fig-Pecker

FIG'-PECKER, noun [Latin ficedula.] A bird.

Fig-Tree

FIG'-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Ficus, growing in warm climates. The receptacle is common, turbinated, carnous and connivent, inclosing the florets either in the same or in a distinct one. The male calyx is tripartite; no corol; three stamens. The female calyx is quinquepartite; no corol; one pistil; one seed.

Encyc.

To dwell under our vine and fig-tree, is to live in peace and safety. 1 Kings 4.

Fig-Wort

FIG'-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Scrophularia.

Figary, for vagary, is not English.

Fight

FIGHT, verb intransitive pret. and pp. fought, pronounced faut. [Saxon feahtan, feohtan; German fechten; Dutch vegten; Swedish f?ckta; Danish fegter; Irish fichim.]

1. To strive or contend for victory, in battle or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms. Come and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon. Judges 11. When two persons or parties contend in person, fight is usually followed by with. But when we speak of carrying on war, in any other form, we may say, to fight against. Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side. 1 Samuel 14. Hazael king of Syria went up, and fought against Gath. 2 Kings 12. It is treason for a man to join an enemy to fight against his country. Hence,

To fight against, is to act in opposition; to oppose; to strive to conquer or resist. The stars in their courses fought against Sisera. Judges 5.

2. To contend; to strive; to struggle to resist or check.

3. To act as a soldier.

Shak.

Fight

FIGHT, verb transitive To carry on contention; to maintain a struggle for victory over enemies. I have fought a good fight. 2 Timothy 4.

2. To contend with in battle; to war against. They fought the enemy in two pitched battles. The captain fought the frigate seven glasses. [Elliptical; with being understood.]

Fight

FIGHT, noun A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a struggle for victory, either between individuals, or between armies, ships or navies. A duel is called a single fight or combat.

2. Something to screen the combatants in ships. Up with your fights and your nettings prepare.

Dryden.

Fighter

FIGHTER, noun One that fights; a combatant; a warrior.

Fighting

FIGHTING, participle of the present tense Contending in battle; striving for victory or conquest.

2. adjective Qualified for war; fit for battle. A host of fighting men. 2 Chronicles 26.

3. Occupied in war; being the scene of war; as a fighting field.

Pope.

Fighting

FIGHTING, noun Contention; strife; quarrel. Without were fightings, within were fears. 2 Corinthians 7.

Figment

FIG'MENT, noun [Latin figmentum, from fingo, to feign.] An invention; a fiction; something feigned or imagined. These assertions are the figments of idle brains.

Bp. Lloyd.

Figulate

FIG'ULATE, adjective [Latin figulo, to fashion, from fingo, or rather figo, which appears to be the root of fingo.] Made of potter's clay; molded; shaped. [Little used.]

Figurability

FIGURABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being capable of a certain fixed or stable form.

Figurable

FIG'URABLE, adjective [from figure.] Capable of being brought to a certain fixed form or shape. Thus lead is figurable, but water is not.

Bacon.

Figural

FIG'URAL, adjective Represented by figure or delineation; as figural resemblances.

Brown.

Figural numbers, in geometry, such numbers as do or may represent some geometrical figure, in relation to which they are always considered, and are either lineary, superficial or solid.

Harris.

Figurate

FIG'URATE, adjective [Latin figuratus.] Of a certain determinate form. Plants are all figurate and determinate, which inanimate bodies are not.

Bacon.

2. Resembling any thing of a determinate form; as figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling shells.

3. Figurative. [Not used.]

Figurate counterpoint, in music, that wherein there is a mixture of discords with concords.

Harris.

Figurate descant, that in which discords are concerned, though not so much as concords. It may be called the ornament or rhetorical part of music, containing all the varieties of points, figures, syncopes, and diversities of measure.

Harris.

Figurated

FIG'URATED, adjective Having a determinate form.

Potter.

Figuration

FIGURA'TION, noun The act of giving figure or determinate form.

Bacon.

2. Determination to a certain form.

Bacon.

3. Mixture of concords and discords in music.

Gregory.

Figurative

FIG'URATIVE, adjective [French figuratif, from figure.]

1. Representing something else; representing by resemblance; typical. This they will say, was figurative, and served by God's appointment but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more divine sanctity.

Hooker.

2. Representing by resemblance; not literal or direct. A figurative expression, is one in which the words are used in a sense different from that in which they are ordinarily used; as, Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword.

Shak.

3. Abounding with figures of speech; as a description highly figurative.

Figuratively

FIG'URATIVELY, adverb By a figure; in a manner to exhibit ideas by resemblance; in a sense different from that which words originally imply. Words are used figuratively, when they express something different from their usual meaning.

Figure

FIG'URE, n. fig'ur. [French figure; Latin figura, from figo, to fix or set; Welsh fugyr, from fugiaw, to feign. See Feign.]

1. The form of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating extremities. Flowers have exquisite figures. A triangle is a figure of three sides. A square is a figure of four equal sides and equal angles.

2. Shape; form; person; as a lady of elegant figure. A good figure, or person, in man or woman, gives credit at first sight to the choice of either.

Richardson.

3. Distinguished appearance; eminence; distinction; remarkable character. Ames made a figure in Congress; Hamilton, in the cabinet.

4. Appearance of any kind; as an ill figure; a mean figure.

5. Magnificence; splendor; as, to live in figure and indulgence.

Law.

6. A statue; an image; that which is formed in resemblance of something else; as the figure of a man in plaster.

7. Representation in painting; the lines and colors which represent an animal, particularly a person; as the principal figures of a picture; a subordinate figure.

8. In manufactures, a design or representation wrought on damask, velvet and other stuffs.

9. In logic, the order or disposition of the middle term in a syllogism with the parts of the question.

Watts.

10. In arithmetic, a character denoting a number; as 2. 7. 9.

11. In astrology, the horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses.

Shak.

12. In theology, type; representative. Who was the figure of him that was to come. Romans 5.

13. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writing in which words are deflected from their ordinary signification, or a mode more beautiful and emphatical than the ordinary way of expressing the sense; the language of the imagination and passions; as, knowledge is the light of the mind; the soul mounts on the wings of faith; youth is the morning of life. In strictness, the change of a word is a trope, and any affection of a sentence a figure; but these terms are often confounded.

Locke.

14. In grammar, any deviation from the rules of analogy or syntax.

15. In dancing, the several steps which the dancer makes in order and cadence, considered as they form certain figures on the floor.

Figure

FIG'URE, v. t. fig'ur. To form or mold into any determinate shape. Accept this goblet, rough with figured gold.

Dryden.

2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, as in picture or statuary.

3. To cover or adorn with figures or images; to mark with figures; to form figures in by art; as, to figure velvet or muslin.

4. To diversify; to variegate with adventitious forms of matter.

5. To represent by a typical or figurative resemblance. The matter of the sacraments figureth their end.

Hooker.

6. To imagine; to image in the mind.

Temple.

7. To prefigure; to foreshow.

Shak.

8. To form figuratively; to use in a sense not literal; as figured expressions. [Little used.]

Locke.

9. To note by characters. As through a crystal glass the figured hours are seen.

Dryden.

10. In music, to pass several notes for one; to form runnings or variations.

Encyc.

Figure

FIG'URE, verb intransitive To make a figure; to be distinguished. The envoy figured at the court of St. Cloud.

Figure-Caster

FIG'URE-CASTER, or FIG'URE-FLINGER, noun A pretender to astrology.

Obs.

Figure-Stone

FIG'URE-STONE, noun A name of the agalmatolite, or bildstein.

Figured

FIG'URED, participle passive Represented by resemblance; adorned with figures; formed into a determinate figure.

2. In music, free and florid.

Figuring

FIG'URING, participle of the present tense Forming into determinate shape; representing by types or resemblances; adorning with figures; making a distinguished appearance.

Filaceous

FILA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin filum, a thread; French file; Spanish hilo.] Composed or consisting of threads.

Bacon.

Filacer

FIL'ACER, noun [Norm. filicer, from file, a thread, or file, Latin filum, Spanish hilo.] An officer in the English Court of Common Pleas, so called from filing the writs on which he makes process. There are fourteen of them in their several divisions and counties. They make out all original processes, real, personal and mixed.

Harris.

Filament

FIL'AMENT, noun [French from Latin filamenta, threads, from filum.] A thread; a fiber. In anatomy and natural history, a fine thread of which flesh, nerves, skin, plants, roots, &c., and also some minerals, are composed. So the spider's web is composed of filaments. The thread-like part of the stamens of plants, is called the filament.

Filamentous

FILAMENT'OUS, adjective Like a thread; consisting of fine filaments.

Filanders

FIL'ANDERS, noun [French filandres, from filum, a thread.] A disease in hawks, consisting of filaments of coagulated blood; also, small worms wrapt in a thin skin or net, near the reins of a hawk.

Encyc.

Filatory

FIL'ATORY, noun [from Latin filum, a thread.] A machine which forms or spins threads. This manufactory has three filatories, each of 640 reels, which are moved by a water-wheel, and besides a small filatory turned by men.

Tooke.

Filbert

FIL'BERT, noun [Latin avellana, with which the first syllable corresponds; fil, vel.] The fruit of the Corylus or hazel; an egg-shaped nut, containing a kernel, that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste, which is agreeable to the palate. The oil is said to be little inferior to the oil of almonds.

Encyc.

Filch

FILCH, verb transitive [This word, like pilfer, is probably from the root of file or peel, to strip or rub off. But I know not from what source we have received it. In Spanish pellizcar is to pilfer, as filouter, in French, is to pick the pocket.] To steal something of little value; to pilfer; to steal; to pillage; to take wrongfully from another. Fain would they filch that little food away.

Dryden. But he that filches from me my good name, Robs me of that which not enriches him, And makes me poor indeed. Shak.

Filched

FILCH'ED, participle passive Stolen; taken wrongfully from another; pillaged; pilfered.

Filcher

FILCH'ER, noun A thief; one who is guilty of petty theft.

Filching

FILCH'ING, participle of the present tense Stealing; taking from another wrongfully; pilfering.

Filchingly

FILCH'INGLY, adverb By pilfering; in a thievish manner.

File

FILE, noun [French file, a row; filet, a thread; Latin filum; Spanish hilo; Portugese fila; Italian fila, filo; Russian biel, a thread of flax. The primary sense is probably to draw out or extend, or to twist. Welsh filliaw, to twist.]

1. A thread, string or line; particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung in due order for preservation, and for conveniently finding them when wanted. Documents are kept on file.

2. The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire; as a file of writs. A file is a record of court.

3. A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each indorsed; the mode of arranging and keeping papers being changed, without a change of names.

4. A roll, list or catalogue.

Shak.

5. A row of soldiers ranged one behind another, from front to rear; the number of men constituting the depth of the battalion or squadron.

File

FILE, verb transitive To string; to fasten, as papers, on a line or wire for preservation. Declarations and affidavits must be filed. An original writ may be filed after judgment.

2. To arrange or insert in a bundle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. This is now the more common mode of filing papers in public and private offices.

3. To present or exhibit officially, or for trial; as, to file a bill in chancery.

File

FILE, verb intransitive To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another.

File

FILE, noun [Saxon feol; Dutch vyl; German feile; Swedish and Danish fil, a file; Russian pila, a saw; perhaps connected in origin with polish, which see. Class Bl. No. 30. 32. 33. 45.] An instrument used in smoothing and polishing metals, formed of iron or steel, and cut in little furrows.

File

FILE, verb transitive [Russian opilevayu, and spilivayu, to file.]

1. To rub and smooth with a file; to polish.

2. To cut as with a file; to wear off or away by friction; as, to file off a tooth.

3. [from defile.] To foul or defile. [Not used.]

Shak.

File-Cutter

FI'LE-CUTTER, noun A maker of files.

Moxon.

Filed

FI'LED, participle passive Placed on a line or wire; placed in a bundle and indorsed; smoothed or polished with a file.

File-Leader

FILE-LE'ADER, noun The soldier placed in the front of a file.

Cyc.

Filemot

FI'LEMOT, noun [French feuille-morte, a dead leaf.] A yellowish brown color; the color of a faded leaf.

Swift.

Filer

FI'LER, noun One who uses a file in smoothing and polishing.

Filial

FIL'IAL, a. fil'yal. [French filial; Italian filiale; Spanish filial; from Latin filius, a son, filia, a daughter, Spanish hijo, Coptic falu, Sanscrit bala or bali. It agrees in elements with foal and pullus. The Welsh has hiliaw and eppiliaw, to bring forth; hil and eppil, progeny.]

1. Pertaining to a son or daughter; becoming a child in relation to his parents. Filial love is such an affection as a child naturally bears to his parents. Filial duty or obedience is such duty or obedience as the child owes to his parents.

2. Bearing the relation of a son. Sprigs of like leaf erect their filial heads.

Prior.

Filiation

FILIA'TION, noun [French from Latin filus, a son.]

1. The relation of a son or child to a father; correlative to paternity.

Hale.

2. Adoption.

Filiform

FIL'IFORM, noun [Latin filum, a thread, and form.] Having the form of a thread or filament; of equal thickness from top to bottom; as a filiform style or peduncle.

Martyn.

Filigrane

FIL'IGRANE, noun sometimes written filigree. [Latin filum, a thread, and granum, a grain.] A kind of enrichment on gold and silver, wrought delicately in the manner of little threads or grains, or of both intermixed.

Encyc.

Filigraned

FIL'IGRANED, or FIL'IGREED, adjective Ornamented with filigrane.

Tatler.

Filing

FI'LING, participle of the present tense Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of papers; presenting for trial; marching in a file; smoothing with a file.

Filings

FI'LINGS, n. plu. Fragments or particles rubbed off by the act of filing; as filings of iron.

Fill

FILL, verb transitive [Saxon fyllan, gefillan; Dutch vullen; German fÃƒ-¼llen; Swedish fylla; Danish fylder, to fill; French fouler, to full, to tread, that is, to press, to crowd; foule, a crowd; Greek,; allied perhaps to fold and felt; Irish fillim; Greek; to stuff; Latin pilus, pileus. We are told that the Greek, to approach, signified originally to thrust or drive, Latin pello, and contracted into, it is rendered to fill, and is full. If a vowel was originally used between and, in these words, they coincide with fill; and the Latin plev, [for peleo,] in all its compounds, is the same word. In Russian

polnei is full; polnyu, to fill. See Class Bl. No. 9. 11. 12. 15. 22. 30. 45. 47.]

1. Properly, to press; to crowd; to stuff. Hence, to put or pour in, till the thing will hold no more; as, to fill a basket, a bottle, a vessel.

Fill the water-pots with water: and they filled them to the brim. John 2.

2. To store; to supply with abundance. Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas. Genesis 1.

3. To cause to abound; to make universally prevalent. The earth was filled with violence. Genesis 6.

4. To satisfy; to content. Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude? Matthew 15.

5. To glut; to surfeit. Things that are sweet and fat are more filling.

Bacon.

6. To make plump; as, in a good season the grain is well filled. In the summer of 1816, the driest and coldest which the oldest man remembered, the rye was so well filled, that the grain protruded beyond the husk, and a shock yielded a peck more than in common years.

7. To press and dilate on all sides or to the extremities; as, the sails were filled.

8. To supply with liquor; to pour into; as, to fill a glass for a guest.

9. To supply with an incumbent; as, to fill an office or vacancy.

Hamilton.

10. To hold; to possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent; as, a king fills a throne; the president fills the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the house fills the chair.

11. In seamanship, to brace the sails so that the wind will bear upon them and dilate them.

To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit.

To fill up, to make full. It pours the bliss that fills up all the mind.

Pope. But in this and many other cases, the use of up weakens the force of the phrase.

2. To occupy; to fill. Seek to fill up life with useful employments.

3. To fill; to occupy the whole extent; as, to fill up a given space.

4. To engage or employ; as, to fill up time.

5. To complete; as, to fill up the measure of sin. Matthew 23.

6. To complete; to accomplish.

Ã‚--And fill up what is behind of the afflictions of Christ. Colossians 1.

Fill

FILL, verb intransitive To fill a cup or glass for drinking; to give to drink. In the cup which she hath filled, fill to her double. Revelation 18.

2. To grow or become full. Corn fills well in a warm season. A mill-pond fills during the night.

3. To glut; to satiate.

To fill up, to grow or become full. The channel of the river fills up with sand, every spring.

Fill

FILL, noun Fullness; as much as supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction. Eat and drink to the fill. Take your fill of joy. The land shall yield her fruit, and ye shall eat your fill, and dwell therein in safety. Leviticus 25.

Fillagree

FILLAGREE. [See Filigrane.]

Filled

FILL'ED, participle passive Made full; supplied with abundance.

Filler

FILL'ER, noun One who fills; one whose employment is to fill vessels. They have six diggers to four fillers, so as to keep the fillers always at work.

Mortimer.

2. That which fills any space.

Dryden.

3. One that supplies abundantly.

Fillet

FIL'LET, noun [French filet, a thread, from file, Latin filum.]

1. A little band to tie about the hair of the head. A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair.

Pope.

2. The fleshy part of the thigh; applied to veal; as a fillet of veal.

3. Meat rolled together and tied round.

Swift.

4. In architecture, a little square member or ornament used in divers places, but generally as a corona over a greater molding; called also listel.

5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common bordure. It runs quite round near the edge, as a lace over a cloke.

Encyc.

6. Among painters and gilders, a little rule or reglet of leaf-gold, drawn over certain moldings, or on the edges of frames, pannels, &c., especially when painted white, by way of enrichment.

Encyc.

7. In the manege, the loins of a horse, beginning at the place where the hinder part of the saddle rests.

Encyc.

Fillet

FIL'LET, verb transitive To bind with a fillet or little band.

2. To adorn with an astragal. Exodus 38.

Fillibeg

FIL'LIBEG, noun [Gael. filleadh-beg.] A little plaid; a dress reaching only to the knees, worn in the highlands of Scotland.

Filling

FILL'ING, participle of the present tense Making full; supplying abundantly; growing full.

Filling

FILL'ING, noun A making full; supply.

2. The woof in weaving.

Fillip

FIL'LIP, verb transitive [probably from the root of Latin pello, like pelt, Welsh fil. See Filly.] To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with some violence.

Fillip

FIL'LIP, noun A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb.

Filly

FIL'LY, noun [Welsh filawg, from fil, a scud, a dart; coinciding with French fille, Latin filia, foal, a shoot, issue.]

1. A female or mare colt; a young mare.

2. A young horse. [Not used.]

Tusser.

3. A wanton girl.

Beaum.

Film

FILM, noun [Saxon film. Qu. Welsh fylliaw, to shade or grow over, or Italian velame, a vail, a film, Latin velamen, or from Latin pellis.] A thin skin; a pellicle, as on the eye. In plants, it denotes the thin skin which separates the seeds in pods.

Film

FILM, verb transitive To cover with a thin skin or pellicle.

Shak.

Filmy

FILM'Y, adjective Composed of thin membranes or pellicles. Whose filmy cord should bind the struggling fly.

Dryden.

Filter

FIL'TER, noun [French filtre, feutre; Spanish filtro; Italian feltro; properly felt, fulled wool, lana coacta, this being used for straining liquors.] A strainer; a piece of woolen cloth, paper or other substance, through which liquors are passed for defecation. A filter may be made in the form of a hollow inverted cone, or by a twist of thread or yarn, being wetted and one end put in the liquor and the other suffered to hang out below the surface of the liquor. Porous stone is often used as a filter.

Filter

FIL'TER, verb transitive To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it through a filter, or causing it to pass through a porous substance that retains any feculent matter.

Filter

FIL'TER, verb intransitive To percolate; to pass through a filter.

Filter

FIL'TER, noun [See Philter.]

Filtered

FIL'TERED, participle passive Strained; defecated by a filter.

Filtering

FIL'TERING, participle of the present tense Straining; defecating.

Filth

FILTH, noun [Saxon fylth, from ful, fula, foul; Dutch vuilte. See Foul and Defile.]

1. Dirt; any foul matter; any thing that soils or defiles; waste matter; nastiness.

2. Corruption; pollution; any thing that sullies or defiles the moral character. To purify the soul from the dross and filth of sensual delights.

Tillotson.

Filthily

FILTH'ILY, adverb In a filthy manner; foully; grossly.

Filthiness

FILTH'INESS, noun The state of being filthy.

2. Foulness; dirtiness; filth; nastiness. Carry forth the filthiness out of the holy place. 2 Chronicles 29.

3. Corruption; pollution; defilement by sin; impurity. Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God. 2 Corinthians 7.

Filthy

FILTH'Y, adjective Dirty; foul; unclean; nasty.

2. Polluted; defiled by sinful practices; morally impure. He that is filthy, let him be filthy still. Revelation 22.

3. Obtained by base and dishonest means; as filthy lucre. Titus ~~.

Filtrate

FIL'TRATE, verb transitive [Spanish filtrar; Italian filtrare; French filtrer. See Filter.] To filter; to defecate, as liquor, by straining or percolation.

Filtration

FILTRA'TION, noun The act or process of filtering; defecation by passing liquors through woolen cloth, brown paper, or other porous substance, as certain kinds of stone, which permit the liquor to pass, but retain the foreign matter.

Fimble-Hemp

FIMBLE-HEMP, noun [Female-hemp.] Light summer hemp that bears no seed.

Mortimer.

Fimbriate

FIM'BRIATE, adjective [Latin fimbria, a border or fringe.] In botany, fringed; having the edge surrounded by hairs or bristles.

Martyn.

Fimbriate

FIM'BRIATE, verb transitive To hem; to fringe.

Fuller.

Fimbriated

FIM'BRIATED, adjective In heraldry, ornamented, as an ordinary, with a narrow border or hem of another tincture.

Encyc.

Fin

FIN, noun [Saxon finn; Dutch vin; Swedish fena; Danish finne; Latin pinna or penna. The sense is probably a shoot, or it is from diminishing. See Fine. Class Bn.] The fin of a fish consists of a membrane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles. The fins of fish serve to keep their bodies upright, and to prevent wavering or vacillation. The fins, except the caudal, do not assist in progressive motion; the tail being the instrument of swimming.

Fin

FIN, verb transitive To carve or cut up a chub.

Finable

FI'NABLE, adjective [See Fine.] That admits a fine.

2. Subject to a fine or penalty; as a finable person or offense.

Final

FI'NAL, adjective [French Spanish final; Latin finalis; Italian finale. See Fine.]

1. Pertaining to the end or concluion; last; ultimate; as the final issue or event of things; final hope; final salvation.

2. Conclusive; decisive; ultimate; as a final judgment. The battle of Waterloo was final to the power of Buonaparte; it brought the contest to a final issue.

3. Respecting the end or object to be gained; respecting the purpose or ultimate end in view. The efficient cause is that which produces the event or effect; the final cause is that for which any thing is done.

Finally

FI'NALLY, adverb At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly. The cause is expensive, but we shall finally recover. The contest was long, but the Romans finally conquered.

2. Completely; beyond recovery. The enemy was finally exterminated.

Davies.

Finance

FINANCE, n. finans'. [French and Norm. finance; Armoric financz, fine, subsidy. Finance is from fine, in the sense of a sum of money paid by the subject to the king for the enjoyment of a privilege, a feudal sense. Hence finance was originally revenue arising from fines. See Fine.] Revenue; income of a king or state.

Bacon. The United States, near the close of the revolution, appointed a superintendent of finance.

[It is more generally used in the plural.]

Finances

FINAN'CES, n. plu. Revenue; funds in the public treasury, or accruing to it; public resources of money. The finances of the king or government were in a low condition. The finances were exhausted.

2. The income or resources of individuals. [But the word is most properly applicable to public revenue.]

Financial

FINAN'CIAL, adjective Pertaining to public revenue; as financial concerns or operations.

Anderson.

Financially

FINAN'CIALLY, adverb In relation to finances or public revenue; in a manner to produce revenue. We should be careful not to consider as financially effective exports, all the goods and produce which have been sent abroad.

Walsh.

Financier

FINANCIE'R, noun [In France, a receiver or farmer of the public revenues.]

1. An officer who receives and manages the public revenues; a treasurer.

2. One who is skilled in the principles or system of public revenue; one who understands the mode of raising money by imposts, excise or taxes, and the economical management and application of public money.

3. One who is entrusted with the collection and management of the revenues of a corporation.

4. One skilled in banking operations.

Finary

FI'NARY, noun [from fine, refine.] In iron works, the second forge at the iron-mill. [See Finery.]

Dict.

Finch

FINCH, noun [Saxon finc; German fink; Dutch vin?; Italian pincione; Welsh pinc, fine, gay, a finch.] A bird. But finch is used chiefly in composition; as chaffinch, goldfinch. These belong to the genus Fringilla.

Find

FIND, verb transitive pret. and pp. found. [Saxon findan; German finden; Dutch vinden, or vynen; Swedish finna; Danish finder. This word coincides in origin with the Latin venio; but in sense, with invenio. The primary sense is to come to, to rush, to fall on, to meet, to set on; and the Swedish finna is rendered not only by invenire, but by offendere. So in Spanish venir, to come, and to assault. It is probable therefore that find and fend are from one root. Arabic to come. Class Bn. No. 21. See also No. 7.]

1. Literally, to come to; to meet; hence, to discover by the eye; to gain first sight or knowledge of something lost; to recover either by searching for it or by accident. Doth she not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently till she find it? and when she hath found itÃ‚-- Luke 15.

2. To meet; to discover something not before seen or known. He saith to him, we have found the Messiah. John 1.

3. To obtain by seeking. Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find. Matthew 7.

4. To meet with. In woods and forests thou art found.

Cowley.

5. To discover or know by experience. The torrid zone is now found habitable.

Cowley.

6. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at. Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth to life, and few there be that find it, Matthew 7.

7. To discover by study, experiment or trial. Air and water are found to be compound substances. Alchimists long attempted to find the philosopher's stone, but it is not yet found.

8. To gain; to have; as, to find leisure for a visit.

9. To perceive; to observe; to learn. I found his opinions to accord with my own.

10. To catch; to detect. When first found in a lie, talk to him of it as a strange monstrous matter.

Locke. In this sense find is usually followed by out.

11. To meet. In ills their business and their glory find.

Cowley.

12. To have; to experience; to enjoy. Behold, in the day of your fast ye find pleasure. Isaiah 58.

13. To select; to choose; to designate. I have found David my servant. Psalm 89.

14. To discover and declare the truth of disputed facts; to come to a conclusion and decide between parties, as a jury. The jury find a verdict for the plaintiff or defendant. They find the accused to be guilty.

15. To determine and declare by verdict. The jury have found a large sum in damages for the plaintiff.

16. To establish or pronounce charges alledged to be true. The grand jury have found a bill against the accused, or they find a true bill.

17. To supply; to furnish. Who will find the money or provisions for this expedition? We will find ourselves with provisions and clothing.

18. To discover or gain knowledge of by touching or by sounding. We first sounded and found bottom at the depth of ninety five fathoms on the Sole bank.

To find one's self, to be; to fare in regard to ease or pain, health or sickness. Pray, sir, how do you find yourself this morning.

To find in, to supply; to furnish; to provide. He finds his nephew in money, victuals and clothes.

To find out. To invent; to discover something before unknown. A man of Tyre, skilful to work in goldÃ‚--and to find out every device. 2 Chronicles 2.

2. To unriddle; to solve; as, to find out the meaning of a parable or an enigma.

3. To discover; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden; as, to find out a secret.

4. To understand; to comprehend. Canst thou by searching find out God? Job 11.

5. To detect; to discover; to bring to light; as, to find out a thief or a theft; to find out a trick.

To find fault with, to blame; to censure.

Finder

FINDER, noun One who meets or falls on any thing; one that discovers what is lost or is unknown; one who discovers by searching, or by accident.

Findfault

FINDFAULT, noun A censurer; a caviller.

Shak.

Findfaulting

FINDFAULT'ING, adjective Apt to censure; captious.

Whitlock.

Finding

FINDING, participle of the present tense Discovering.

Finding

FINDING, noun Discovery; the act of discovering.

2. In law, the return of a jury to a bill; a verdict.

Findy

FIN'DY, adjective [Saxon findig, heavy; gefindig, capacious; Danish fyndig, strong, emphatical, nervous, weighty, from fynd, force, energy, emphasis, strength; probably from crowding, tension, stretching, from find.] Full; heavy; or firm, solid, substantial. Obs. A cold May and a windy, Makes the barn fat and findy.

Old Prov. Junius.

Fine

FINE, adjective [French fin, whence finesse; Spanish Portugese fino, whence fineza; Italian fino, whence finezza; Dan fiin; Swedish fin; German fein; Dutch fyn; hence to refine. The Irish has fion; and the Welsh fain, feined, signify rising to a point, as a cone. Arabic afana, to diminish. Class Bn. No 29.]

1. Small; thin; slender; minute; of very small diameter; as a fine thread; fine silk; a fine hair. We say also, fine sand, fine particles.

2. Subtil; thin; tenuous; as, fine spirits evaporate; a finer medium opposed to a grosser.

Bacon.

3. Thin; keen; smoothly sharp; as the fine edge of a razor.

4. Made of fine threads; not coarse; as fine linen or cambric.

5. Clear; pure; free from feculence or foreign matter; as fine gold or silver; wine is not good till fine.

6. Refined. Those things were too fine to be fortunate, and succeed in all parts.

Bacon.

7. Nice; delicate; perceiving or discerning minute beauties or deformities; as a fine taste; a fine sense.

8. Subtil; artful; dextrous. [See Finess.]

Bacon.

9. Subtil; sly; fraudulent.

Hubberd's Tale.

10. Elegant; beautiful in thought. To call the trumpet by the name of the metal was fine.

Dryden.

11. Very handsome; beautiful with dignity. The lady has a fine person, or a fine face.

12. Accomplished; elegant in manners. He was one of the finest gentlemen of his age.

13. Accomplished in learning; excellent; as a fine scholar.

14. Excellent; superior; brilliant or acute; as a man of fine genius.

15. Amiable; noble; ingenuous; excellent; as a man of a fine mind.

16. Showy; splendid; elegant; as a range of fine buildings; a fine house or garden; a fine view.

17. Ironically, worthy of contemptuous notice; eminent for bad qualities. That same knave, Ford, her husband, has the finest mad devil of jealousy in him, Master Brook, that ever governed frenzy.

Shak.

Fine Arts, or polite arts, are the arts which depend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and whose object is pleasure; as poetry, music, painting and sculpture. The uses of this word are so numerous and indefinite, as to preclude a particular definition of each. In general, fine, in popular language, expresses whatever is excellent, showy or magnificent.

Fine

FINE, noun [This word is the basis of finance, but I have not found it, in its simple form, in any modern language, except the English. Junius says that ffin, in Cimbric, is a mulct, and ffinio, to fine. The word seems to be the Latin finis, and the application of it to pecuniary compensation seems to have proceeded from its feudal use, in the transfer of lands, in which a final agreement or concord was made between the lord and his vassal. See fanah. Class Bn. No. 23.]

1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between persons concerning lands or rents, or between the lord and his vassal, prescribing the conditions on which the latter should hold his lands.

Spelman.

2. A sum of money paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate or transfer his lands to another. This in England was exacted only from the king's tenants in capite.

Blackstone.

3. A sum of money paid to the king or state by way of penalty for an offense; a mulct; a pecuniary punishment. Fines are usually prescribed by statute, for the several violations of law; or the limit is prescribed, beyond which the judge cannot impose a fine for a particular offense.

In fine. [French enfin; Latin in and finis.] In the end or conclusion; to conclude; to sum up all.

Fine

FINE, verb transitive [See Fine, the adjective.] To clarify; to refine; to purify; to defecate; to free from feculence or foreign matter; as, to fine wine.

[This is the most general use of this word.]

2. To purify, as a metal; as, to fine gold or silver, In this sense, we now generally use refine; but fine is proper. Job 28. Proverbs 17.

3. To make less coarse; as, to fine grass. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

4. To decorate; to adorn. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Fine

FINE, verb transitive [See Fine, the noun.] To impose on one a pecuniary penalty, payable to the government, for a crime or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to punish by fine. The trespassers were fined ten dollars and imprisoned a month.

2. verb intransitive To pay a fine. [Not used.]

Oldham.

Finedraw

FI'NEDRAW, verb transitive [fine and draw.] To sew up a rent with so much nicety that it is not perceived.

Johnson.

Finedrawer

FI'NEDRAWER, noun One who finedraws.

Finedrawing

FI'NEDRAWING, noun Rentering; a dextrous or nice sewing up the rents of cloths or stuffs.

Encyc.

Finefingered

FI'NEFINGERED, adjective Nice in workmanship; dextrous at fine work.

Johnson.

Finespoken

FI'NESPOKEN, adjective Using fine phrases.

Chesterfield.

Finespun

FI'NESPUN, adjective Drawn to a fine thread; minute; subtle.

Finestill

FI'NESTILL, verb transitive To distill spirit from melasses, treacle or some preparation of saccharine matter.

Encyc.

Finestiller

FI'NESTILLER, noun One who distills spirit from treacle or melasses.

Encyc.

Finestilling

FI'NESTILLING, noun The operation of distilling spirit from melasses or treacle.

Encyc.

Fined

FI'NED, participle passive Refined; purified; defecated.

2. Subjected to a pecuniary penalty.

Fineless

FI'NELESS, adjective Endless; boundless. [Not used.]

Shak.

Finely

FI'NELY, adverb In minute parts; as a substance finely pulverized.

2. To a thin or sharp edge; as an instrument finely sharpened.

3. Gaily; handsomely; beautifully; with elegance and taste. She was finely attired.

4. With elegance or beauty. Plutarch says very finely, that a man should not allow himself to hate even his enemies; for if you indulge this passion on some occasions, it will rise of itself in others.

Addison.

5. With advantage; very favorably; as a house or garden finely situated.

6. Nicely; delicately; as a stuff finely wrought.

7. Purely; completely.

Clarendon.

8. By way of irony, wretchedly; in a manner deserving of contemptuous notice. He is finely caught in his own snare.

Fineness

FI'NENESS, noun [French finesse; Italian finezza.] Thinness; smallness; slenderness; as the fineness of a thread or silk. Hence,

2. Consisting of fine threads; as fine linen.

3. Smallness; minuteness; as the fineness of sand or particles; the fineness of soil or mold.

4. Clearness; purity; freedom from foreign matter; as the fineness of wine or other liquor; the fineness of gold.

5. Niceness; delicacy; as the fineness of taste.

6. Keenness; sharpness; thinness; as the fineness of an edge.

7. Elegance; beauty; as fineness of person.

8. Capacity for delicate or refined conceptions; as the fineness of genius.

9. Show; splendor; gayety of appearance; elegance; as the fineness of clothes or dress.

10. Clearness; as the fineness of complexion.

11. Subtilty; artfulness; ingenuity; as the fineness of wit.

12. Smoothness.

Drayton.

Finer

FI'NER, noun One who refines or purifies. Proverbs 25:4.

2. adjective Comparative of fine.

Finery

FI'NERY, noun Show; splendor; gayety of colors or appearance; as the finery of a dress.

2. Showy articles of dress; gay clothes, jewels, trinkets, &c.

3. In iron-works, the second forge at the iron-mills. [See Finary.]

Finess

FINESS', or FINESSE, noun [French finesse; Italian finezza; Spanish fineza; properly, fineness.] Artifice; stratagem; subtilty of contrivance to gain a point.

Finess

FINESS', verb intransitive To use artifice or stratagem.

Finessing

FINESS'ING, participle of the present tense Practicing artifice to accomplish a purpose.

Fin-Fish

FIN'-FISH, noun A species of slender whale.

Fin-Footed

FIN-FOOTED, adjective Having palmated feet, or feet with toes connected by a membrane.

Brown.

Finger

FIN'GER, n. fing'ger. [Saxon finger, from fengan, to take or seize; German Swedish Danish id; Dutch vinger. But n is not radical, for the Gothic is figgrs.]

1. One of the extreme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a point. The fingers have joints which peculiarly fit them to be the instruments of catching, seizing and holding. When we speak of the fingers generally, we include the thumb; as the five fingers. But we often make a distinction. The fingers and thumb consist of fiteen bones; three to each. The word is applied to some other animals as well as to man.

2. A certain measure. We say a finger's breadth, or the breadth of the four fingers, or of three fingers.

3. The hand.

Waller. Who teacheth my fingers to fight. Psalm 144.

4. The finger or fingers of God, in scripture, signify his power, strength or operation. The magicians said to Pharaoh, this is the finger of God. Exodus 8.

5. In music, ability; skill in playing on a keyed instrument. She has a good finger.

Busby.

Finger

FIN'GER, verb transitive To handle with the fingers; to touch lightly; to toy. The covetous man delights to finger money.

2. To touch or take thievishly; to pilfer.

South.

3. To touch an instrument of music; to play on an instrument.

Shak.

4. To perform work with the fingers; to execute delicate work.

5. To handle without violence.

Bp. Hall.

Finger

FIN'GER, verb intransitive To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on an instrument.

Busby.

Finger-Board

FIN'GER-BOARD, noun The board at the neck of a violin, guitar or the like, where the fingers act on the strings.

Wood.

Fingered

FIN'GERED, participle passive Played on; handled; touched.

2. adjective Having fingers. In botany, digitate; having leaflets like fingers.

Finger-Fern

FIN'GER-FERN, noun A plant, asplenium.

Johnson.

Fingering

FIN'GERING, participle of the present tense Handling; touching lightly.

Fingering

FIN'GERING, noun The act of touching lightly or handling.

Grew.

2. The manner of touching an instrument of music.

Shak.

3. Delicate work made with the fingers.

Spenser.

Finger-Shell

FIN'GER-SHELL, noun A marine shell resembling a finger.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Finger-Stone

FIN'GER-STONE, noun A fossil resembling an arrow.

Johnson.

Fingle-Fangle

FIN'GLE-FANGLE, noun A trifle. [Vulgar.]

Hudibras.

Fingrigo

FIN'GRIGO, noun A plant, of the genus Pisonia. The fruit is a kind of berry or plum.

Lee. Ed. Encyc.

Finical

FIN'ICAL, adjective [from fine.] Nice; spruce; foppish; pretending to great nicety or superfluous elegance; as a finical fellow.

2. Affectedly nice or showy; as a finical dress.

Finically

FIN'ICALLY, adverb With great nicety or spruceness; foppishly.

Finicalness

FIN'ICALNESS, noun Extreme nicety in dress or manners; foppishness.

Warburton.

Fining

FI'NING, participle of the present tense [See Fine, the verb.] Clarifying; refining; purifying; defecating; separating from extraneous matter.

2. [See Fine, the noun.] Imposing a fine or pecuniary penalty.

Fining-Pot

FIN'ING-POT, noun A vessel in which metals are refined.

Finis

FI'NIS, noun [Latin] An end; conclusion.

Finish

FIN'ISH, verb transitive [Armoric finiÃƒ-§za; French finir; Latin finio, from finis, an end, Irish fuin, Welsh fin. Class Bn. No. 23.]

1. To arrive at the end of, in performance; to complete; as, to finish a house; to finish a journey. Thus the heavens and the earth were finished. Genesis 2.

2. To make perfect. Episodes, taken separately, finish nothing.

Broome.

3. To bring to an end; to end; to put an end to. Seventy weeks are determined on thy people, and on thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and make an end of sins. Danish ix.

4. To perfect; to accomplish; to polish to the degree of excellence intended. In this sense it is frequently used in the participle of the perfect tense as an adjective. It is a finished performance. He is a finished scholar.

Finished

FIN'ISHED, participle passive Completed; ended; done; perfected.

2. adjective Complete; perfect; polished to the highest degree of excellence; as a finished poem; a finished education.

Finisher

FIN'ISHER, noun One who finishes; one who completely performs.

Shak.

2. One who puts an end to.

Hooker.

3. One who completes or perfects. Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith. Hebrews 12.

Finishing

FIN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Completing; perfecting; bringing to an end.

Finishing

FIN'ISHING or FIN'ISH, noun Completion; completeness; perfection; last polish.

Warburton.

Finite

FI'NITE, adjective [Latin finitus, from finio, to finish, from finis, limit.] Having a limit; limited; bounded; opposed to infinite, as finite number, finite existence; applied to this life, we say, a finite being, finite duration.

Finitely

FI'NITELY, adverb Within limits; to a certain degree only.

Stilling fleet.

Finiteness

FI'NITENESS, noun Limitation; confinement within certain boundaries; as the finiteness of our natural powers.

Finitude

FIN'ITUDE, noun Limitation. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Finless

FIN'LESS, adjective [from fin.] Destitute of fins; as finless fish.

Shak.

Finlike

FIN'LIKE, adjective Resembling a fin; as a finlike oar.

Dryden.

Finn

FINN, noun A native of Finland, in Europe.

Finned

FIN'NED, adjective Having broad edges on either side; applied to a plow.

Mortimer.

Finnikin

FIN'NIKIN, noun A sort of pigeon, with a crest somewhat resembling the mane of a horse.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Finny

FIN'NY, adjective Furnished with fins; as finny fish; finny tribes; finny prey.

Dryden. Pope.

Fin-Toed

FIN'-TOED, adjective [fin and toe.] Palmiped; palmated; having toes connected by a membrane, as aquatic fowls.

Finochio

FINO'CHIO, noun [Italian finocchio.] A variety of fennel.

Finscale

FIN'SCALE, noun A river fish, called the rudd.

Chambers.

Fipple

FIP'PLE, noun [Latin fibula.] A stopper. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Fir

FIR, noun [Welsh pyr, what shoots to a point, a fir-tree; Sax furh-wudu, fir-wood; German fÃƒ-¶hre; Swedish furu-tr?; Danish fyrre-troee. The Dutch call it sparre-boom, spar-tree.] The name of several species of the genus Pinus; as the Scotch fir, the silver fir, spruce fir, hemlock fir, and oriental fir.

Fir-Tree

FIR-TREE. [See Fir.]

Fire

FIRE, noun [Saxon fyr; German feuer; Dutch vuur; Danish Swedish fyr; Greek. Qu. Coptic, pira, the sun; New Guinea, for. The radical sense of fire is usually, to rush, to rage, to be violently agitated; and if this is the sense of fire, it coincides with Latin furo. It may be from shining or consuming. See Class Br. No. 2. 6. 9. 30.]

1. Heat and light emanating visibly, perceptibly and simultaneously from any body; caloric; the unknown cause of the sensation of heat and of the retrocession of the homogeneous particles of bodies from one another, producing expansion, and thus enlarging all their dimensions; one of the causes of magnetism, as evinced by Dr. Hare's calorimotor.

Silliman. In the popular acceptation of the word, fire is the effect of combustion. The combustible body ignited or heated to redness we call fire; and when ascending in a stream or body, we call it flame. A piece of charcoal in combustion, is of a red color and very hot. In this state it is said to be on fire, or to contain fire. When combustion ceases, it loses its redness and extreme heat, and we say, the fire is extinct.

2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in any other place. We kindle a fire in the morning, and at night we rake up the fire. Anthracite will maintain fire during the night.

3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration. Newburyport and Savannah have suffered immense losses by fire. The great fire in Boston in 1711 consumed a large part of the town.

4. Light; luster; splendor. Stars, hide your fires!

Shak.

5. Torture by burning.

Prior.

6. The instrument of punishment; or the punishment of the impenitent in another state. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? Isaiah 33.

7. That which inflames or irritates the passions. What fire is in my ears?

Shak.

8. Ardor of temper; violence of passion. He had fire in his temper.

Atterbury.

9. Liveliness of imagination; vigor of fancy; intellectual activity; animation; force of sentiment or expression. And warm the critic with a poet's fire.

Pope.

10. The passion of love; ardent affection. The God of love retires; Dim are his torches, and extinct his fires.

Pope.

11. Ardor; heat; as the fire of zeal or of love.

12. Combustion; tumult; rage; contention.

13. Trouble; affliction. When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burnt. Isaiah 43.

To set on fire, to kindle; to inflame; to excite violent action.

St. Anthony's fire, a disease marked by an eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with fever; the Erysipelas.

Wild fire, an artificial or factitious fire, which burns even under water. It is made by a composition of sulphur, naphtha, pitch, gum and bitumen. It is called also Greek fire.

Encyc.

Fire

FIRE, verb transitive To set on fire; to kindle; as, to fire a house or chimney; to fire a pile.

Dryden.

2. To inflame; to irritate the passions; as, to fire with anger or revenge.

3. To animate; to give life or spirit; as, to fire the genius.

4. To drive by fire. [Little used.]

Shak.

5. To cause to explode; to discharge; as, to fire a musket or cannon.

6. To cauterize; a term in farriery.

Fire

FIRE, verb intransitive To take fire; to be kindled.

2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion.

3. To discharge artillery or firearms. They fired on the town.

Firearms

FI'REARMS, n. plu. Arms or weapons which expel their charge by the combustion of powder, as pistols, muskets, &c.

Fire-Arrow

FI'RE-ARROW, noun A small iron dart, furnished with a match impregnated with powder and sulphur, used to fire the sails of ships.

Encyc.

Fireball

FI'REBALL, noun A grenade; a ball filled with powder or other combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by explosion.

2. A meteor which passes rapidly through the air and displodes.

Firebare

FI'REBARE, noun In old writers, a beacon.

Cyc.

Firebarrel

FI'REBARREL, noun A hollow cylinder used in fireships, to convey the fire to the shrouds.

Encyc.

Firebavin

FI'REBAVIN, noun A bundle of brush-wood, used in fireships.

Encyc.

Fireblast

FI'REBL`AST, noun A disease in hops, chiefly towards the later periods of their growth.

Cyc.

Firebote

FI'REBOTE, noun An allowance of fuel, to which a tenant is entitled.

England.

Firebrand

FI'REBRAND, noun A piece of wood kindled or on fire.

2. An incendiary; one who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief.

Bacon.

Firebrick

FI'REBRICK, noun A brick that will sustain intense heat without fusion.

Firebrush

FI'REBRUSH, noun A brush used to sweep the hearth.

Swift.

Firebucket

FI'REBUCKET, noun A bucket to convey water to engines for extinguishing fire.

Fireclay

FI'RECLAY, noun A kind of clay that will sustain intense heat, used in making fire-bricks.

Cyc.

Firecock

FI'RECOCK, noun A cock or spout to let out water for extinguishing fire.

Fire-Company

FI'RE-COMPANY, noun A company of men for managing an engine to extinguish fires.

Firecross

FI'RECROSS, noun Something used in Scotland as a signal to take arms; the ends being burnt black, and in some parts smeared with blood.

Johnson.

Fired

FI'RED, participle passive Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated; irritated.

Firedamp

FI'REDAMP. [See Damp.]

Firedrake

FI'REDRAKE, noun A fiery serpent.

2. An ignis fatuus.

Beaum.

Fire-Engine

FI'RE-ENGINE, noun An engine for throwing water to extinguish fire and save buildings.

Fire-Escape

FIRE-ESCA'PE, noun A machine for escaping from windows, when houses are on fire.

Cyc.

Fireflair

FI'REFLAIR, noun A species of ray-fish or Raja.

Firefly

FI'REFLY, noun A species of fly which has on its belly a spot which shines; and another species which emits light from under its wings, as it flies.

Encyc.

Firehook

FI'REHOOK, noun A large hook for pulling down buildings in conflagrations.

Firelock

FI'RELOCK, noun A musket, or other gun, with a lock, which is discharged by striking fire with flint and steel.

Fireman

FI'REMAN, noun A man whose business is to extinguish fires in towns.

2. A man of violent passions. [Not used.]

Tatler.

Firemaster

FI'REM`ASTER, noun An officer of artillery who superintends the composition of fire-works.

Firenew

FI'RENEW, adjective Fresh from the forge; bright.

Addison.

Fire-Office

FI'RE-OFFICE, noun An office for making insurance against fire.

Fire-Ordeal

FIRE-ORDEAL, noun [See Ordeal.]

Firepan

FI'REPAN, noun A pan for holding or conveying fire. Exodus 27.

Fireplace

FI'REPLACE, noun The part of a chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth.

Fireplug

FI'REPLUG, noun A plug for drawing water from a pipe to extinguish fire.

Firepot

FI'REPOT, noun A small earthern pot filled with combustibles, used in military operations.

Firer

FI'RER, noun One who sets fire to any thing; an incendiary.

Fireship

FI'RESHIP, noun A vessel filled with combustibles and furnished with grappling irons to hook and set fire to an enemy's ships.

Encyc.

Fireshovel

FI'RESHOVEL, noun A shovel or instrument for taking up or removing coals of fire.

Fireside

FIRESIDE, noun A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.

Firestick

FI'RESTICK, noun A lighted stick or brand.

Digby.

Firestone

FI'RESTONE, noun A fossil, the pyrite. [See Pyrite.]

2. A kind of freestone which bears a high degree of heat.

Cyc.

Fireward

FIREWARD, or FIREWARDEN, noun An officer who has authority to direct others in the extinguishing of fires.

Firewood

FI'REWOOD, noun Wood for fuel.

Firework

FI'REWORK, noun Usually in the plural, fire-works. Preparations of gun-powder, sulphur and other inflammable materials, used for making explosions in the air, on occasions of public rejoicing; pyrotechnical exhibitions. This word is applied also to various combustible preparations used in war.

Fireworker

FI'REWORKER, noun An officer of artillery subordinate to the firemaster.

Firing

FI'RING, participle of the present tense Setting fire to; kindling; animating; exciting; inflaming; discharging firearms.

Firing

FI'RING, noun The act of discharging fire-arms.

2. Fuel; firewood or coal.

Mortimer.

Firing-Iron

FI'RING-IRON, noun An instrument used in farriery to discuss swellings and knots.

Encyc.

Firk

FIRK, verb transitive To beat; to whip; to chastise. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Firkin

FIRKIN, n. fur'kin. [The first syllable is probably the Danish fire, Dutch vier, four, and the latter, as in kilderkin.] A measure of capacity, being the fourth part of a barrel. It is nine gallons of beer, or eight gallons of ale, soap or herrings. In America, the firkin is rarely used, except for butter or lard, and signifies a small vessel or cask of indeterminate size, or of different sizes, regulated by the statutes of the different states.

Firlot

FIR'LOT, noun A dry measure used in Scotland. The oat firlot contains 21 1/4 pints of that country; the wheat firlot 224 cubic inches; the barley firlot 21 standard pints.

Encyc.

Firm

FIRM, a. ferm. [Latin firmus; French ferme; Spanish firme; Italian fermo; Welsh fyrv. This Welsh word may be from the Latin. The root of the word is probably Celtic; Welsh fÃƒ-ªr, hard, solid; fyr, a solid; feru, to concrete or congeal, to fix, to freeze. This is the root of Latin ferrum, iron.]

1. Properly, fixed; hence, applied to the matter of bodies, it signifies closely compressed; pressed; compact; hard; solid; as firm flesh; firm muscles; some species of wood are more firm than others; a cloth of firm texture.

2. Fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily moved; as a firm believer; a firm friend; a firm adherent or supporter; a firm man, or a man of firm resolution.

3. Solid; not giving way; opposed to fluid; as firm land.

Firm

FIRM, n. ferm. A partnership or house; or the name or title under which a company transact business; as the firm of Hope & Co.

Firm

FIRM, v. t. ferm. [Latin firmo.] To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish. And Jove has firm'd it with an awful nod.

Dryden. This word is rarely used, except in poetry. In prose, we use confirm.

Firmament

FIRMAMENT, n. ferm'ament. [Latin firmamentum, from firmus, firmo.] The region of the air; the sky or heavens. In scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; for such is the signification of the Hebrew word, coinciding with regio, region, and reach. The original therefore does not convey the sense of solidity, but of stretching, extension; the great arch or expanse over our heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed, and are really seen. And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. Genesis 1:6. And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament. Ibm. i. 14.

Firmamental

FIRMAMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper regions.

Dryden.

Firman

FIR'MAN, noun An Asiatic word, denoting a passport, permit, license, or grant of privileges.

Firmed

FIRMED, pp. ferm'ed. Established; confirmed.

Firming

FIRMING, ppr. ferm'ing. Settling; making firm and stable.

Firmitude

FIRMITUDE, n. ferm'itude; Strength; solidity. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Firmity

FIRMITY, n. ferm'ity. Strength; firmness. [Not used.]

Chillingworth.

Firmless

FIRMLESS, a. ferm'less. Detached from substance. Does passion still the firmless mind control.

Pope.

Firmly

FIRMLY, adv. ferm'ly. Solidly; compactly; closely; as particles of matter firmly cohering.

2. Steadily; with constancy or fixedness; immovably; steadfastly. He firmly believes in the divine origin of the scriptures. His resolution is firmly fixed. He firmly adheres to his party.

Firmness

FIRM'NESS, n. ferm'ness. Closeness or lenseness of texture or structure; compactness; hardness; solidity; as the firmness of wood, stone, cloth or other substance.

2. Stability; strength; as the firmness of a union, or of a confederacy.

3. Steadfastness; constancy; fixedness; as the firmness of a purpose or resolution; the firmness of a man, or of his courage; firmness of mind or soul.

4. Certainty; soundness; as the firmness of notions or opinions.

First

FIRST, a. furst. [Saxon first or fyrst, Swedish f?rste, Danish fÃƒ-¶rste, first; German fÃƒ-¼rst, Dutch vorst, Danish fyrste, a prince, that is, first man. It is the superlative of fore, fyr, before, advanced, that is, forest, fyrest, from Saxon faran, to go, or a root of the same family. See Fare and For.]

1. Advanced before or further than any other in progression; foremost in place; as the first man in a marching company or troop is the man that precedes all the rest. Hence,

2. Preceding all others in the order of time. Adam was the first man. Cain was the first murderer. Monday was the first day of January.

3. Preceding all others in numbers or a progressive series; the ordinal of one; as, 1 is the first number.

4. Preceding all others in rank, dignity or excellence. Demosthenes was the first orator of Greece. Burke was one of the first geniuses of his age. Give God the first place in your affections.

First

FIRST, adv. furst. Before any thing else in the order of time. Adam was first formed, then Eve. 1 Timothy 2.

2. Before all others in place or progression. Let the officers enter the gate first.

3. Before any thing else in order of proceeding or consideration. First, let us attend to the examination of the witnesses.

4. Before all others in rank. He stands or ranks first in public estimation.

At first, at the first, at the beginning or origin.

First or last, at one time or another; at the beginning or end. And all are fools and lovers first or last.

Dryden.

First-Begotten

FIRST-BEGOT'TEN, adjective First produced; the eldest of children.

Milton.

First-Born

FIRST'-BORN, adjective First brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest; as the first-born son.

2. Most excellent; most distinguished or exalted. Christ is called the first-born of every creature. Colossians 1.

First-Born

FIRST'-BORN, noun The eldest child; the first in the order of birth. The first-born of the poor are the most wretched. Isaiah 14. The first-born of death is the most terrible death. Job 18.

First-Created

FIRST-CREA'TED, adjective Created before any other.

Milton.

First-Fruit

FIRST-FRUIT, or FIRST-FRUITS, noun The fruit or produce first matured and collected in any season. Of these the Jews made an oblation to God, as an acknowledgment of his sovereign dominion.

2. The first profits of any thing. In the church of England, the profits of every spiritual benefice for the first year.

Encyc.

3. The first or earliest effect of any thing, in a good or bad sense; as the first-fruits of grace in the heart, or the first-fruits of vice.

Firstling

FIRST'LING, adjective First produced; as firstling males. Deuteronomy 15.

Firstling

FIRST'LING, noun The first produce or offspring; applied to beasts; as the firstlings of cattle.

2. The thing first thought or done. [Not used.] The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.

Shak.

First-Rate

FIRST'-RATE, adjective Of the highest excellence; preeminent; as a first-rate scholar or painter.

2. Being of the largest size; as a first-rate ship.

Fisc

FISC, noun [Latin fiscus; French fisc; Spanish fisco; Italian id. Fiscus, signifies a basket or hanaper, probably from the twigs which composed the first baskets, whisk. The word coincides in elements with basket, and Latin fascia, twigs being the primitive bands.] The treasury of a prince or state; hence, to confiscate is to take the goods of a criminal and appropriate them to the public treasury.

Fiscal

FISC'AL, adjective Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue. The fiscal arrangements of government.

Hamilton.

Fiscal

FISC'AL, noun Revenue; the income of a prince or state.

2. A treasurer.

Swinburne.

Fish

FISH, noun [Saxon fisc; Dutch visch; German fisch; Danish and Swedish fisk; Spanish pez; Italian pesce; French poisson; verb, pÃƒ-ªcher, pescher; Armoric pesk; Welsh pysg; Latin piscis; Irish iasg. This animal may be named from its rapid motion. In Welsh fysg is hasty, impetuous.] An animal that lives in water. Fish is a general name for a class of animals subsisting in water, which were distributed by Linne into six orders. They breathe by means of gills, swim by the aid of fins, and are oviparous. Some of them have the skeleton bony, and others cartilaginous. Most of the former have the opening of the gills closed by a peculiar covering, called the gill-lid; many of the latter have no gill-lid, and are hence said to breathe through apertures. Cetaceous animals, as the whale and dolphin, are, in popular language, called fishes, and have been so classed by some naturalists; but they breathe by lungs, and are viviparous, like quadrupeds. The term fish has been also extended to other aquatic animals, such as shell-fish, lobsters, &c. We use fish, in the singular, for fishes in general or the whole race.

2. The flesh of fish, used as food. But we usually apply flesh to land animals.

Fish

FISH, verb intransitive To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets.

2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth; as, to fish for compliments.

Fish

FISH, verb transitive To search by raking or sweeping; as, to fish the jakes for papers.

Swift.

2. In seamanship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of timber.

Mar. Dict.

3. To catch; to draw out or up; as, to fish up a human body when sunk; to fish an anchor.

Fish

FISH, noun In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the flukes of an anchor, towards the top of the bow.

2. A long piece of timber, used to strengthen a lower mast or a yard, when sprung or damaged.

Fisher

FISH'ER, noun One who is employed in catching fish.

2. A species of weasel.

Pennant.

Fisherboat

FISH'ERBOAT, noun A boat employed in catching fish.

Fisherman

FISH'ERMAN, noun One whose occupation is to catch fish.

2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of taking fish, as in the cod and whale fishery.

Fishertown

FISH'ERTOWN, noun A town inhabited by fishermen.

Carew.

Fishery

FISH'ERY, noun The business of catching fish.

Addison.

2. A place for catching fish with nets or hooks, as the banks of Newfoundland, the coast of England or Scotland, or on the banks of rivers.

Fishful

FISH'FUL, adjective Abounding with fish; as a fishful pond.

Carew.

Fishgig

FISH'GIG, or FIZ'GIG, noun An instrument used for striking fish at sea, consisting of a staff with barbed prongs, and a line fastened just above the prongs.

Mar. Dict.

Fishhook

FISH'HOOK, noun A hook for catching fish.

Fishing

FISH'ING, participle of the present tense Attempting to catch fish; searching; seeking to draw forth by artifice or indirectly; adding a piece of timber to a mast or spar to strengthen it.

Fishing

FISH'ING, noun The art or practice of catching fish.

2. A fishery.

Spenser.

Fishing-Frog

FISH'ING-FROG, noun The toad-fish, or Lophius, whose head is larger than the body.

Encyc.

Fishing-Place

FISH'ING-PLACE, noun A place where fishes are caught with seines; a convenient place for fishing; a fishery.

Fishkettle

FISH'KETTLE, noun A kettle made long for boiling fish whole.

Fishlike

FISH'LIKE, adjective Resembling fish.

Shak.

Fishmarket

FISH'MARKET, noun A place where fish are exposed for sale.

Fishmeal

FISH'MEAL, noun A meal of fish; diet on fish; abstemious diet.

Fishmonger

FISH'MONGER, noun A seller of fish; a dealer in fish.

Fishpond

FISH'POND, noun A pond in which fishes are bred and kept.

Fishroom

FISH'ROOM, noun An apartment in a ship between the after-hold and the spirit room.

Mar. Dict.

Fishspear

FISH'SPEAR, noun A spear for taking fish by stabbing them.

Fishwife

FISH'WIFE, noun A woman that cries fish for sale.

Beaum.

Fishwoman

FISH'WOMAN, noun A woman who sells fish.

Fishy

FISH'Y, adjective Consisting of fish.

2. Inhabited by fish; as the fishy flood.

Pope.

3. Having the qualities of fish; like fish; as a fishy form; a fishy taste or smell.

Fissile

FIS'SILE, adjective [Latin fissilis, from fissus, divided, from findo, to split.] That may be split, cleft or divided in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. This crystal is a pellucid fissile stone.

Newton.

Fissility

FISSIL'ITY, noun The quality of admitting to be cleft.

Fissiped

FIS'SIPED, adjective [Latin fissus, divided, and pes, foot.] Having separate toes.

Fissiped

FIS'SIPED, noun An animal whose toes are separate, or not connected by a membrane.

Brown.

Fissure

FIS'SURE, n. fish'ure. [French from Latin fissura, from findo, to split.]

1. A cleft; a narrow chasm made by the parting of any substance; a longitudinal opening; as the fissure of a rock.

2. In surgery, a crack or slit in a bone, either transversely or longitudinally, by means of external force.

Encyc.

3. In anatomy, a deep, narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side.

Coxe.

Fissure

FIS'SURE, verb transitive To cleave; to divide; to crack or fracture.

Wiseman.

Fissured

FIS'SURED, participle passive Cleft; divided; cracked.

Fist

FIST, noun [Saxon fyst; Dutch vuist; German faust; Russian piast; Bohem. bost. Qu. is it from the root of fast?] The hand clinched; the hand with the fingers doubled into the palm.

Fist

FIST, verb transitive To strike with the fist.

Dryden.

2. To gripe with the fist. [Little used.]

Shak.

Fisticuffs

FIST'ICUFFS, noun [fist and cuff.] Blows or a combat with the fist; a boxing.

Swift.

Fistula

FIS'TULA, noun [Latin; whistle.] Properly, a pipe; a wind instrument of music, originally a reed.

2. In surgery, a deep, narrow and callous ulcer, generally arising from abscesses. It differs from a sinus, in being callous.

Fistula lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder accompanied with a flowing of tears.

Coxe. Sharp.

Fistular

FIS'TULAR, adjective Hollow, like a pipe or reed.

Fistulate

FIS'TULATE, verb intransitive To become a pipe or fistula.

Fistulate

FIS'TULATE, verb transitive To make hollow like a pipe. [Little used.]

Fistuliform

FIS'TULIFORM, adjective [fistula and form.] Being in round hollow columns, as a mineral. Stalactite often occurs fistuliform.

Phillips.

Fistulous

FIS'TULOUS, adjective Having the form or nature of a fistula; as a fistulous ulcer.

Wiseman.

Fit

FIT, noun [Qu. Welsh fith, a gliding or darting motion. The French express the sense of this word by boutade, from bout, the primary sense of which is to shoot or push out. It seems to be allied to Latin peto, impeto, to assault, or to pet, and primarily to denote a rushing on or attack, or a start. See Fit, suitable.]

1. The invasion, exacerbation or paroxysm of a disease. We apply the word to the return of an ague, after intermission, as a cold fit. We apply it to the first attack, or to the return of other diseases, as a fit of the gout or stone; and in general, to a disease however continued, as a fit of sickness.

2. A sudden and violent attack of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and sometimes senseless; as a fit of apoplexy or epilepsy; hysteric fits.

3. Any short return after intermission; a turn; a period or interval. He moves by fits and starts. By fits my swelling grief appears.

Addison.

4. A temporary affection or attack; as a fit of melancholy, or of grief; a fit of pleasure.

5. Disorder; distemperature.

Shak.

6. [Saxon fitt, a song.] Anciently, a song, or part of a song; a strain; a canto.

Lye. Johnson.

Fit

FIT, adjective [Flemish, vitten; German pass, fit, and a pace; passen, to be fit, suitable, right. This is from the root of pass; Dutch pas, time, season; van pas, fitting, fit, convenient; pat; Danish passer, to be fit. In Latin competo, whence compatible, signifies properly to meet or to fall on, hence to suit or be fit, from peto. This is probably the same word. The primary sense is to come to, to fall on, hence to meet, to extend to, to be close, to suit. To come or fall, is the primary sense of time or season, as in the Dutch. See Class Bd. No. 45. 64. and Class Bz. No. 52. 53. 70.]

1. Suitable; convenient; meet; becoming. Is it fit to say to a king, thou art wicked? Job 34. Wives, submit yourselves to your husbands, as it is fit in the Lord. Colossians 3.

2. Qualified; as men of valor fit for war. No man having put his hand to the plow, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God. Luke 9.

Fit

FIT, verb transitive To adapt; to suit; to make suitable. The carpenterÃ‚--marketh it out with a line, he fitteth it with planes. Isaiah 44.

2. To accommodate a person with any thing; as, the tailor fits his customer with a coat. The original phrase is, he fits a coat to his customer. But the phrase implies also furnishing, providing a thing suitable for another.

3. To prepare; to put in order for; to furnish with things proper or necessary; as, to fit a ship for a long voyage. Fit yourself for action or defense.

4. To qualify; to prepare; as, to fit a student for college.

To fit out, to furnish; to equip; to supply with necessaries or means; as, to fit out a privateer.

To fit up, to prepare; to furnish with things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any person; as, to fit up a house for a guest.

Fit

FIT, verb intransitive To be proper or becoming. Nor fits it to prolong the feast.

Pope.

2. To suit or be suitable; to be adapted. His coat fits very well. But this is an elliptical phrase.

Fitch

FITCH, noun A chick-pea.

Fitchet

FITCH'ET, or FITCH'EW, noun A polecat; a foumart. [Welsh gwicyll or gwicyn.]

Fitful

FIT'FUL, adjective Varied by paroxysms; full of fits.

Shak.

Fitly

FIT'LY, adverb Suitably; properly; with propriety. A maxim fitly applied.

2. Commodiously; conveniently.

Fitment

FIT'MENT, noun Something adapted to a purpose. [Not used.]

Shak.

Fitness

FIT'NESS, noun Suitableness; adaptedness; adaptation; as the fitness of things to their use.

2. Propriety; meetness; justness; reasonableness; as the fitness of measures or laws.

3. Preparation; qualification; as a student's fitness for college.

4. Convenience; the state of being fit.

Fitted

FIT'TED, participle passive Made suitable; adapted; prepared; qualified.

Fitter

FIT'TER, noun One who makes fit or suitable; one who adapts; one who prepares.

Fitting

FIT'TING, participle of the present tense Making suitable; adapting; preparing; qualifying; providing with.

Fittingly

FIT'TINGLY, adverb Suitably.

More.

Fitz

FITZ, Norm. fites, fiuz, or fiz, a son, is used in names, as in Fitzherbert, Fitzroy, Carlovitz.

Five

FIVE, adjective [Saxon fif; Dutch vyf; German fÃƒ-¼nf; Swedish Danish fem; Welsh pum, pump; Armoric pemp.] Four and one added; the half of ten; as five men; five loaves. Like other adjectives, it is often used as a noun.

Five of them were wise, and five were foolish. Matthew 25.

Fivebar

FI'VEBAR, or FI'VEBARRED, adjective Having five bars; as a fivebarred gate.

Fivecleft

FI'VECLEFT, adjective Quinquefid; divided into five segments.

Fivefold

FI'VEFOLD, adjective In fives; consisting of five in one; five-double; five times repeated.

Fiveleaf

FI'VELEAF, noun Cinquefoil.

Drayton.

Fiveleafed

FI'VELEAFED, adjective Having five leaves; as fiveleafed clover, or cinquefoil.

Fivelobed

FI'VELOBED, adjective Consisting of five lobes.

Fiveparted

FI'VEPARTED, adjective Divided into five parts.

Fives

FIVES, noun A kind of play with a ball.

Fives

FIVES or VIVES, noun A disease of horses, resembling the strangles.

Encyc.

Fivetoothed

FI'VETOOTHED, adjective Having five teeth.

Fivevalved

FI'VEVALVED, adjective Having five valves.

Botany.

Fix

FIX, verb transitive [French fixer; Spanish fixar; Italian fissare; Latin fixus, figo. Class Bg.]

1. To make stable; to set or establish immovably. The universe is governed by fixed laws.

2. To set or place permanently; to establish. The prince fixed his residence at York. The seat of our government is fixed at Washington in the district of Columbia. Some men have no fixed opinions.

3. To make fast; to fasten; to attach firmly; as, to fix a cord or line to a hook.

4. To set or place steadily; to direct, as the eye, without moving it; to fasten. The gentleman fixed his eyes on the speaker, and addressed him with firmness.

5. To set or direct steadily, without wandering; as, to fix the attention. The preacher fixes the attention of his audience, or the hearers fix their attention on the preacher.

6. To set or make firm, so as to bear a high degree of heat without evaporating; to deprive of volatility. Gold, diamonds, silver, platina, are among the most fixed bodies.

7. To transfix; to pierce. [Little used.]

Sandys.

8. To withhold from motion.

9. In popular use, to put in order; to prepare; to adjust; to set or place in the manner desired or most suitable; as, to fix clothes or dress; to fix the furniture of a room. This use is analogous to that of set, in the phrase, to set a razor.

Fix

FIX, verb intransitive To rest; to settle or remain permanently; to cease from wandering. Your kindness banishes your fear, Resolved to fix forever here.

Waller.

2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization.

3. To cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable; as a metallic substance.

Bacon.

To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing; to determine on. The contracting parties have fixed on certain leading points. The legislature fixed on Wethersfield as the place for a State Prison.

Fixable

FIX'ABLE, adjective That may be fixed, established, or rendered firm.

Fixation

FIXA'TION, noun The act of fixing.

2. Stability; firmness; steadiness; a state of being established; as fixation in matters of religion.

King Charles.

3. Residence in a certain place; or a place of residence. [Little used.] To light, created in the first day, God gave no certain place or fixation.

Raleigh.

4. That firm state of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization by heat; as the fixation of gold or other metals.

Bacon. Encyc.

5. The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm; state of being fixed.

Glanville.

Fixed

FIX'ED, participle passive Settled; established; firm; fast; stable.

Fixed air, an invisible and permanently elastic fluid, heavier than common air and fatal to animal life, produced from the combustion of carbonaceous bodies, as wood or charcoal, and by artificial processes; called also aerial acid, cretaceous acid, and more generally, carbonic acid.

Fixed bodies, are those which bear a high heat without evaporation or volatilization.

Fixed stars, are such stars as always retain the same apparent position and distance with respect to each other, and are thus distinguished from planets and comets, which are revolving bodies.

Fixed oils, such as are obtained by simple pressure, and are not readily volatilized; so called in distinction from volatile or essential oils.

Fixedly

FIX'EDLY, adverb Firmly; in a settled or established manner; steadfastly.

Fixedness

FIX'EDNESS, noun A state of being fixed; stability; firmness; steadfastness; as a fixedness in religion or politics; fixedness of opinion on any subject.

2. The state of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization by heat; as the fixedness of gold.

3. Firm coherence of parts; solidity.

Bentley.

Fixidity

FIXID'ITY, noun Fixedness. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Fixity

FIX'ITY, noun Fixedness; coherence of parts; that property of bodies by which they resist dissipation by heat.

Newton.

Fixture

FIX'TURE, noun Position.

Shak.

2. Fixedness; firm pressure; as the fixture of the foot.

Shak.

3. Firmness; stable state.

4. That which is fixed to a building; any appendage or part of the furniture of a house which is fixed to it, as by nails, screws, &c., and which the tenant cannot legally take away, when he removes to another house.

Fixure

FIX'URE, noun Position; stable pressure; firmness. [Little used.]

Shak.

Fizgig

FIZ'GIG, noun A fishgig, which see.

2. A gadding flirting girl.

3. A fire-work, made of powder rolled up in a paper.

Fizz

FIZZ, or FIZ'ZLE, verb intransitive To make a hissing sound.

Flabbiness

FLAB'BINESS, noun [See Flabby.] A soft, flexible state of a substance, which renders it easily movable and yielding to pressure.

Flabby

FLAB'BY, adjective [Welsh llib, a soft, lank, limber state; llibin, flaccid, lank; llipa, flaccid, lank, flapping; llipÃƒ-¢u, to become flabby, to droop; llipanu, to make glib or smooth. Flabby, flap, and glib appear to be from the same root.] Soft; yielding to the touch and easily moved or shaken; easily bent; hanging loose by its own weight; as flabby flesh.

Swift.

Flaccid

FLAC'CID, adjective [Latin flaccidus, from flacceo, to hang down, to flag; Spanish floxo; Portugese froxo; Irish floch; Welsh llac, and llag, slack, sluggish, lax; llaciaw, to slacken, to relax, to droop; llaca, slop, mud; lleigiaw, to flag, to lag, to skulk; lleigus, flagging, drooping, sluggish, slow. We see that flaccid, flag, slack, sluggish, slow, and lag, are all of this family. See Class Lg. No. 40. 41. 42. 43.] Soft and weak; limber; lax; drooping; hanging down by its own weight; yielding to pressure for want of firmness and stiffness; as a flaccid muscle; flaccid flesh.

Flaccidness

FLAC'CIDNESS, or FLACCID'ITY, noun Laxity; limberness; want of firmness or stiffness.

Wiseman.

Flag

FLAG, verb intransitive [Welsh llacÃƒ-¢u, or llaciaw, to relax, to droop; llegu, to flag; Latin flacceo; Spanish flaquear; Portugese fraquear, to flag; Irish lag, weak. See Flaccid. The sense is primarily to bend, or rather to recede, to lag.]

1. To hang loose without stiffness; to bend down as flexible bodies; to be loose and yielding; as the flagging sails.

Dryden.

2. To grow spiritless or dejected; to droop; to grow languid; as, the spirits flag.

3. To grow weak; to lose vigor; as, the strength flags.

4. To become dull or languid. The pleasures of the town begin to flag.

Swift.

Flag

FLAG, verb transitive To let fall into feebleness; to suffer to drop; as, to flag the wings.

Prior.

Flag

FLAG, noun [Welsh llec; Irish liag, a broad flat stone; allied perhaps to lay.] A flat stone, or a pavement of flat stones.

Flag

FLAG, verb transitive To lay with flat stones. The sides and floor were all flagged with excellent marble.

Sandys.

Flag

FLAG, noun [Welsh llaÃƒ-§, a blade.] An aquatic plant, with a bladed leaf, probably so called from its bending or yielding to the wind.

Flag

FLAG, noun [German flagge; Dutch vlag, vlagge; Danish flag; Swedish flagg; allied probably to the preceding word, in the sense of bending or spreading.] An ensign or colors; a cloth on which are usually painted or wrought certain figures, and borne on a staff. In the army, a banner by which one regiment is distinguished from another. In the marine, a banner or standard by which the ships of one nation are distinguished from those of another, or by which an admiral is distinguished from other ships of his squadron. In the British navy, an admiral's flag is displayed at the main-top-gallant-masthead, a vice-admiral's at the fore-top-gallant-mast-head, and a rear-admiral's at the mizen-top-gallant-mast-head.

To strike or lower the flag, is to pull it down upon the cap in token of respect or submission. To strike the flag in an engagement, is the sign of surrendering.

To hang out the white flag, is to ask quarter; or in some cases, to manifest a friendly design. The red flag, is a sign of defiance or battle.

To hang the flag half mast high, is a token or signal of mourning.

Flag-officer, an admiral; the commander of a squadron.

Flag-ship, the ship which bears the admiral, and in which his flag is displayed.

Flag-staff, the staff that elevates the flag.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Flagbroom

FLAG'BROOM, noun A broom for sweeping flags.

Johnson.

Flagstone

FLAG'STONE, noun A flat stone for pavement.

Flagworm

FLAG'WORM, noun A worm or grub found among flags and sedge.

Walton.

Flagelet

FLAG'ELET, noun [French flageolet, from Latin flatus, by corruption, or Greek, oblique, and, a flute. Lunier.] A little flute; a small wind instrument of music.

More.

Flagellant

FLAG'ELLANT, noun [Latin flagellans, from flagello, to flog.] One who whips himself in religious discipline. The flagellants were a fanatical sect which arose in Italy, A.D. 1260, who maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and the sacrament. They walked in procession with shoulders bare, and whipped themselves till the blood ran down their bodies, to obtain the mercy of God, and appease his wrath against the vices of the age.

Encyc.

Flagellate

FLAG'ELLATE, verb transitive To whip; to scourge.

Flagellation

FLAGELLA'TION, noun [Latin flagello, to beat or whip, to flog, from flagellum, a whip, scourge or flail, Dutch vlegel, German flegel, French fleau. See Flail and Flog.] A beating or whipping; a flogging; the discipline of the scourge.

Garth.

Flagged

FLAG'GED, participle passive Laid with flat stones.

Flagginess

FLAG'GINESS, noun Laxity; limberness; want of tension.

Flagging

FLAG'GING, participle of the present tense Growing weak; drooping; laying with flat stones.

Flaggy

FLAG'GY, adjective Weak; flexible; limber; not stiff.

Dryden.

2. Weak in taste; insipid; as a flaggy apple.

Bacon.

3. Abounding with flags, the plant.

Flagitious

FLAGI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin flagitium, a scandalous crime, probably from the root of flagrant.]

1. Deeply criminal; grossly wicked; villainous; atrocious; scandalous; as a flagitious action or crime.

South.

2. Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; wicked; as a flagitious person.

Pope.

3. Marked or infected with scandalous crimes or vices; as flagitious times.

Pope.

Flagitiously

FLAGI'TIOUSLY, adverb With extreme wickedness.

Flagitiousness

FLAGI'TIOUSNESS, noun Extreme wickedness; villainy.

Flagon

FLAG'ON, noun [Latin lagena; Greek; Irish

clagun; French flacon; Samaritan Castel. col. 3013.] A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors. Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples; for I am sick of love. Cant. ii.

Flagrancy

FLA'GRANCY, noun [See Flagrant.] A burning; great heat; inflammation. Obs. Lust causeth a flagrancy in the eyes.

Bacon.

2. Excess; enormity; as the flagrancy of a crime.

Flagrant

FLA'GRANT, adjective [Latin flagrans, from flagro, to burn, Greek,. In Dutch flakkeren is to blaze.]

1. Burning; ardent; eager; as flagrant desires.

Hooker.

2. Glowing; red; flushed. See Sapho, at her toilet's greasy task, Then issuing flagrant to an evening mask.

Pope.

3. Red; inflamed. The beadle's lash still flagrant on their back.

Prior.

[The foregoing senses are unusual.]

4. Flaming in notice; glaring; notorious; enormous; as a flagrant crime.

Flagrantly

FLA'GRANTLY, adverb Ardently; notoriously.

Warton.

Flagrate

FLA'GRATE, verb transitive To burn. [Little used.]

Greenhill.

Flagration

FLAGRA'TION, noun A burning. [Little used.]

Flail

FLA'IL, noun [Dutch vlegel; German flegel; Latin flagellum; French fleau. We retain the original verb in flog, to strike, to lay on, Latin fligo, whence affligo, to afflict; Greek, Latin plaga, a stroke, or perhaps from the same root as lick and lay. See Lick.] An instrument for thrashing or beating corn from the ear.

Flake

FLAKE, noun [Saxon flace; Dutch vlaak, a hurdle for wool; vlok, a flock, a flake, a tuft; German flocke, fluge, id.; Danish flok, a herd, and lok, a lock or flock of wool; Latin floccus; Greek,; Italian flocco; Irish flocas. Flake and flock are doubtless the same word, varied in orthography, and connected perhaps with Latin plico, Greek. The sense is a complication, a crowd, or a lay.]

1. A small collection of snow, as it falls from the clouds or from the air; a little bunch or cluster of snowy crystals, such as fall in still moderate weather. This is a flake, lock or flock of snow.

2. A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast or interwoven, supported by stanchions, on which cod-fish is dried.

Massachusetts.

3. A layer or stratum; as a flake of flesh or tallow. Job 41.

4. A collection or little particle of fire, or of combustible matter on fire, separated and flying off.

5. Any scaly matter in layers; any mass cleaving off in scales. Little flakes of scurf.

Addison.

6. A sort of carnations of two colors only, having large stripes going through the leaves.

Encyc.

White-flake, in painting, is lead corroded by means of the pressing of grapes, or a ceruse prepared by the acid of grapes. It is brought from Italy, and of a quality superior to common white lead. It is used in oil and varnished painting, when a clean white is required.

Encyc.

Flake

FLAKE, verb transitive To form into flakes.

Pope.

Flake

FLAKE, verb intransitive To break or separate in layers; to peel or scale off. We more usually say, to flake off.

Flake-White

FLAKE-WHITE, noun Oxyd of bismuth.

Ure.

Flaky

FLA'KY, adjective Consisting of flakes or locks; consisting of small loose masses.

2. Lying in flakes; consisting of layers, or cleaving off in layers.

Flam

FLAM, noun [Icelandic flim; Welsh llam, a leap.] A freak or whim; also, a falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext; deception; delusion. Lies immortalized and consigned over as a perpetual abuse and flam upon posterity.

South.

Flam

FLAM, verb transitive To deceive with falsehood; to delude.

South.

Flambeau

FLAM'BEAU, n. flam'bo. [French from Latin flamma, flame.] A light or luminary made of thick wicks covered with wax, and used in the streets at night, at illuminations, and in processions. Flambeaus are made square, and usually consist of four wicks or branches, near an inch thick, and about three feet long, composed of coarse hempen yarn, half twisted.

Encyc.

Flame

FLAME, noun [French flamme; Latin flamma; Italian flamma; Spanish llama; Dutch vlam; German flamme.]

1. A blaze; burning vapor; vapor in combustion; or according to modern chimistry, hydrogen or any inflammable gas, in a state of combustion, and naturally ascending in a stream from burning bodies, being specifically lighter than common air.

2. Fire in general.

Cowley.

3. Heat of passion; tumult; combustion; blaze; violent contention. One jealous, tattling mischief-maker will set a whole village in a flame.

4. Ardor of temper or imagination; brightness of fancy; vigor of thought. Great are their faults, and glorious is their flame.

Waller.

5. Ardor of inclination; warmth of affection. Smit with the love of kindred arts we came, And met congenial, mingling flame with flame.

Pope.

6. The passion of love; ardent love. My heart's on flame.

Cowley.

7. Rage; violence; as the flames of war.

Flame

FLAME, verb transitive To inflame; to excite.

Spenser.

Flame

FLAME, verb intransitive To blaze; to burn in vapor, or in a current; to burn as gas emitted from bodies in combustion.

2. To shine like burning gas. In flaming yellow bright.

Prior.

3. To break out in violence of passion.

Beaum.

Flamecolor

FLA'MECOLOR, noun Bright color, as that of flame.

B. Johnson.

Flamecolored

FLA'MECOLORED, adjective Of the color of flame; of a bright yellow color.

Shak.

Flameeyed

FLA'MEEYED, adjective Having eyes like a flame.

Flameless

FLA'MELESS, adjective Destitute of flame; without incense.

Flamen

FLA'MEN, noun [Latin] In ancient Rome, a priest. Originally there were three priests so called; the Flamen Dialis, consecrated to Jupiter; Flamen Martialis, sacred to Mars; and Flamen Quirinalis, who superintended the rites of Quirinus or Romulus.

2. A priest.

Pope.

Flaming

FLA'MING, participle of the present tense Burning in flame.

2. adjective Bright; red. Also, violent; vehement; as a flaming harangue.

Flaming

FLA'MING, noun A bursting out in a flame.

Flamingly

FLA'MINGLY, adverb Most brightly; with great show or vehemence.

Flamingo

FLAMIN'GO, noun [Spanish and Portugese flamenco, from flamma, flame.] A fowl constituting the genus Phoenicopterus, of the grallic order. The beak is naked, toothed, and bent as if broken; the feet palmated and four-toed. This fowl resembles the heron in shape, but is entirely red, except the quill-fethers. It is a native of Africa and America.

Encyc.

Flaminical

FLAMIN'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a Roman flamen.

Milton.

Flammability

FLAMMABIL'ITY, noun The quality of admitting to be set on fire, or enkindled into a flame or blaze; inflammability.

Brown.

Flammable

FLAM'MABLE, adjective Capable of being enkindled into flame.

Flammation

FLAMMA'TION, noun The act of setting on flame.

Brown. The three last words are little used. In stead of them are used the compounds, inflammable, inflammability, inflammation.

Flammeous

FLAM'MEOUS, adjective Consisting of flame; like flame.

Brown.

Flammiferous

FLAMMIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin flamma and fero, to bring.] Producing flame.

Flammivomous

FLAMMIV'OMOUS, adjective [Latin flamma and vomo, to vomit.] Vomiting flames, as a volcano.

Flamy

FLA'MY, adjective [from flame.] Blazing; burning; as flamy breath.

Sidney.

2. Having the nature of flame; as flamy matter.

Bacon.

3. Having the color of flame.

Herbert.

Flank

FLANK, noun [French flanc; Spanish and Portugese flanco; Italian fianco; German flanke; Swedish and Danish flank; Greek; probably connected with lank, Welsh llac, flag, Greek, and so called from its laxity, or from breadth.]

1. The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. Hence,

2. The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment or battalion. To attack an enemy in flank, is to attack them on the side.

3. In fortification, that part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the opposite face, the flank and the curtain; or it is a line drawn from the extremity of the face towards the inside of the work.

Harris. Encyc.

Flank

FLANK, verb transitive [French flanquer; Spanish flanquear.]

1. To attack the side or flank of an army or body of troops; or to place troops so as to command or attack the flank.

2. To post so as to overlook or command on the side; as, to flank a passage.

Dryden.

3. To secure or guard on the side; as flanked with rocks.

Dryden.

Flank

FLANK, verb intransitive To border; to touch.

Butler.

2. To be posted on the side.

Flanked

FLANK'ED, participle passive Attacked on the side; covered or commanded on the flank.

Flanker

FLANK'ER, noun A fortification projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body.

Knolles. Fairfax.

Flanker

FLANK'ER, verb transitive To defend by lateral fortifications.

Herbert.

2. To attack sideways.

Evelyn.

Flannel

FLAN'NEL, noun [French flanelle; Dutch Danish flanel; German flanell; Welsh gwlanen, from gwlan, wool, Latin lana, French laine, Irish olann, Armoric gloan.] A soft nappy woolen cloth of loose texture.

Flap

FLAP, noun [German lappen and klappe; Dutch lap or klap; Swedish klapp or lapp; Danish klap or lap; Saxon loeppa, a lap; Welsh llab, a stroke, a whipping; llabiaw, to slap; Latin alapa, a slap. There is a numerous family of words in Lb, which spring from striking with something broad, or from a noun denoting something flat and broad. It seems difficult to separate flap from clap, slap, flabby, lap, &c.]

1. Any thing broad and limber that hangs loose, or is easily moved. A cartilaginous flap on the opening of the larynx.

Brown. We say, the flap of a garment, the flap of the ear, the flap of a hat.

2. The motion of any thing broad and loose, or a stroke with it.

3. The flaps, a disease in the lips of horses.

Farrier's Dict.

Flap

FLAP, verb transitive To beat with a flap. Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings.

Pope.

2. To move something broad; as, to flap the wings.

3. To let fall, as the brim of a hat. [This sense seems to indicate a connection with lap.]

Flap

FLAP, verb intransitive To move as wings, or as something broad or loose.

2. To fall, as the brim of a hat, or other broad thing.

Flapdragon

FLAP'DRAGON, noun A play in which they catch raisins out of burning brandy, and extinguishing them by closing the mouth, eat them.

2. The thing eaten.

Johnson.

Flapdragon

FLAP'DRAGON, verb transitive To swallow or devour.

Shak.

Flapeared

FLAP'EARED, adjective Having broad loose ears.

Shak.

Flapjack

FLAP'JACK, noun An apple-puff.

Shak.

Flapmouthed

FLAP'MOUTHED, adjective Having loose hanging lips.

Shak.

Flapped

FLAP'PED, participle passive Struck with something broad; let down; having the brim fallen, as a flapped hat.

Flapper

FLAP'PER, noun One who flaps another.

Chesterfield.

Flapping

FLAP'PING, participle of the present tense Striking; beating; moving something broad; as flapping wings. The ducks run flapping and fluttering.

L'Estrange.

Flare

FLARE, verb intransitive [If this word is not contracted, it may be allied to clear, glare, glory, Latin floreo, floor, the primary sense of which is to open, to spread, from parting, departing, or driving apart. But in Norm. flair is to blow, and possibly it may be from Latin flo, or it may be contracted from German flackern.]

1. To waver; to flutter; to burn with an unsteady light; as, the candle flares, that is, the light wanders from its natural course.

2. To flutter with splendid show; to be loose and waving as a showy thing. With ribbands pendant flaring 'bout her head.

Shak.

3. To glitter with transient luster.

Ã‚--But speech alone Doth vanish like a flaring thing.

Herbert.

4. To glitter with painful splendor. When the sun begins to fling His flaring beamsÃ‚--

Milton.

5. To be exposed to too much light. I cannot stay

Flaring in sunshine all the day. [Qu.]

Prior.

6. To open or spread outward.

Flaring

FLA'RING, participle of the present tense or adjective Burning with a wavering light; fluttering; glittering; showy.

2. Opening; widening outward; as a flaring fireplace.

Flash

FLASH, noun [Irish lasair, lasrach, a flame, a flash; lasadh, lasaim, to burn, to kindle; leos, light; leosam, to give light; also, loisgim, losgadh, to burn; loisi, flame; Danish lys, light; lyser, to shine, to glisten or glister; Swedish lius, lysa, id. Qu. German blitz, a glance; blitzen, to lighten, to flash; Russian blesk, bleschu, id. There is a numerous class of words in Ls, with different prefixes, that denote to shine, to throw light, as gloss, glass, glisten, blush, flush, flash, luster, &c.; but perhaps they are not all of one family. The Welsh has llathru, to make smooth and glossy, to polish, to glitter; llethrid, a gleam, a flash. See Class Ld. No. 5. and Ls. No. 25. and see Flush.]

1. A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; as a flash of lightning.

2. A sudden burst of flame and light; an instantaneous blaze; as the flash of a gun.

3. A sudden burst, as of wit or merriment; as a flash of wit; a flash of joy or mirth. His companions recollect no instance of premature wit, no striking sentiment, no flash of fancyÃ‚--

Wirt.

4. A short, transient state. The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash.

Bacon.

5. A body of water driven by violence. [Local.]

Pegge.

6. A little pool. Qu. plash. [Local.]

Flash

FLASH, verb intransitive To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It differs from glitter, glisten and gleam in denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The latter words may express the issuing of light from a small object, or from a pencil of rays. A diamond may glitter or glisten, but it does not flash. Flash differs from other words also in denoting suddenness of appearance and disappearance.

2. To burst or break forth with a flood of flame and light; as, the powder flashed in the pan. Flashing differs from exploding or disploding, in not being accompanied with a loud report.

3. To burst out into any kind of violence. Every hour He flashes into one gross crime or other.

Shak.

4. To break out, as a sudden expression of wit, merriment or bright thought.

Felton.

Flash

FLASH, verb transitive To strike up a body of water from the surface.

Carew. He rudely flashed the waves. Spenser.

[In this sense I believe this word is not used in America.]

2. To strike or to throw like a burst of light; as, to flash conviction on the mind.

Flasher

FLASH'ER, noun A man of more appearance of wit than reality.

Dict.

2. A rower. [Not in use.]

Flashily

FLASH'ILY, adverb With empty show; with a sudden glare; without solidity of wit or thought.

Flashing

FLASH'ING, participle of the present tense Bursting forth as a flood of light, or of flame and light, or as wit, mirth or joy.

Flashy

FLASH'Y, adjective Showy, but empty; dazzling for a moment, but not solid; as flashy wit.

2. Showy; gay; as a flashy dress.

3. Insipid; vapid; without taste or spirit; as food or drink.

4. Washy; plashy. [See Plash.]

Flask

FL`ASK, noun [German flasche; Swedish flaska; Danish flaske; Dutch fles, flesch; Saxon flaxa; Spanish Portugese frasco; Italian flasco; Welsh flasg, a basket.]

1. A kind of bottle; as a flask of wine or oil.

2. A vessel for powder.

3. A bed in a gun-carriage.

Bailey.

Flasket

FL`ASKET, noun A vessel in which viands are served up.

Pope. Ray.

2. A long shallow basket.

Spenser.

Flat

FLAT, adjective [Dutch plat; German platt; Danish flad; Swedish flat; French plat; Armoric blad, or pladt; Italian piatto; from extending or laying. Allied probably to Welsh llez, llÃƒ-ªd, llyd; Latin latus, broad; Greek; blade.]

1. Having an even surface, without risings or indentures, hills or valleys; as flat land.

2. Horizontal; level; without inclination; as a flat roof: or with a moderate inclination or slope; for we often apply the word to the roof of a house that is not steep, though inclined.

3. Prostrate; lying the whole length on the ground. He fell or lay flat on the ground.

4. Not elevated or erect; fallen. Cease t'admire, and beauty's plumes Fall flat.

Milton.

5. Level with the ground; totally fallen. What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat.

Milton.

6. In painting, wanting relief or prominence of the figures.

7. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as fruit flat to the taste.

Philips.

8. Dull; unanimated; frigid; without point or spirit; applied to discourses and compositions. The sermon was very flat.

9. Depressed; spiritless; dejected. I feelÃ‚--my hopes all flat.

Milton.

10. Unpleasing; not affording gratification. How flat and insipid are all the pleasures of this life!

11. Peremptory; absolute; positive; downright. He gave the petitioner a flat denial. Thus repulsed, our final hope Is flat despair.

Milton.

12. Not sharp or shrill; not acute; as a flat sound.

Bacon.

13. Low, as the prices of goods; or dull, as sales.

Flat

FLAT, noun A level or extended plain. In America, it is applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is level, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some extent.

2. A level ground lying at a small depth under the surface of water; a shoal; a shallow; a strand; a sand bank under water.

3. The broad side of a blade.

Dryden.

4. Depression of thought or language.

Dryden.

5. A surface without relief or prominences.

Bentley.

6. In music, a mark of depression in sound. A flat denotes a fall or depression of half a tone.

7. A boat, broad and flat-bottomed. A flat-bottomed boat is constructed for conveying passengers or troops, horses, carriages and baggage.

Flat

FLAT, verb transitive [French flatir, applatir.] To level; to depress; to lay smooth or even; to make broad and smooth; to flatten.

Bacon.

2. To make vapid or tasteless.

Bacon.

3. To make dull or unanimated.

Flat

FLAT, verb intransitive To grow flat; to fall to an even surface.

Temple.

2. To become insipid, or dull and unanimated.

King Charles.

Flat-Bottomed

FLAT'-BOTTOMED, adjective Having a flat bottom, as a boat, or a moat in fortification.

Flative

FLA'TIVE, adjective [Latin flatus, from flo, to blow.] Producing wind; flatulent. [Not in use.]

Brewer.

Flatlong

FLAT'LONG, adverb With the flat side downward; not edgewise.

Shak.

Flatly

FLAT'LY, adverb Horizontally; without inclination.

2. Evenly; without elevations and depressions.

3. Without spirit; dully; frigidly.

4. Peremptorily; positively; downright. He flatly refused his aid.

Sidney.

Flatness

FLAT'NESS, noun Evenness of surface; levelness; equality of surface.

2. Want of relief or prominence; as the flatness of a figure in sculpture.

Addison.

3. Deadness; vapidness; insipidity; as the flatness of cider or beer.

Mortimer.

4. Dejection of fortune; low state. The flatness of my misery.

Shak.

5. Dejection of mind; a low state of the spirits; depression; want of life.

Collier.

6. Dullness; want of point; insipidity; frigidity. Some of Homer's translators have swelled into fustian, and others sunk into flatness.

Pope.

7. Gravity of sound, as opposed to sharpness, acuteness or shrillness.

Flatness of soundÃ‚--joined with a harshness.

Bacon.

Flat-Nosed

FLAT'-NOSED, adjective Having a flat nose.

Burton.

Flatted

FLAT'TED, participle passive Made flat; rendered even on the surface; also, rendered vapid or insipid.

Flatten

FLAT'TEN, v. t. flat'n. [French flatir, from flat.]

1. To make flat; to reduce to an equal or even surface; to level.

2. To beat down to the ground; to lay flat.

Mortimer.

3. To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.

4. To depress; to deject, as the spirits; to dispirit.

5. In music, to reduce, as sound; to render less acute or sharp.

Flatten

FLAT'TEN, v. i. flat'n. To grow or become even on the surface.

2. To become dead, stale, vapid or tasteless.

3. To become dull or spiritless.

Flattening

FLAT'TENING, participle of the present tense Making flat.

Flatter

FLAT'TER, noun The person or thing by which any thing is flattened.

Flatter

FLAT'TER, verb transitive [French flatter; Dutch vleijen; Teut. fletsen; Icelandic fladra; Danish flatterer. In Irish bladaire is a flatterer; bleid, a wheedling; blaith is plain, smooth; and blath is praise. Flatter may be from the root of flat, that is, to make smooth, to appease, to soothe; but the Irish blath would seem to be connected with Latin plaudo. Perhaps flat and plaudo are from one root, the radical sense of which must be to extend, strain, stretch.]

1. To soothe by praise; to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness; to please a person by applause or favorable notice, by respectful attention, or by any thing that exalts him in his own estimation, or confirms his good opinion of himself. We flatter a woman when we praise her children. A man that flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet. Proverbs 29.

2. To please; to gratify; as, to flatter one's vanity or pride.

3. To praise falsely; to encourage by favorable notice; as, to flatter vices or crimes.

4. To encourage by favorable representations or indications; as, to flatter hopes. We are flattered with the prospect of peace.

5. To raise false hopes by representations not well founded; as, to flatter one with a prospect of success; to flatter a patient with the expectation of recovery when his case is desperate.

6. To please; to soothe. A concert of voicesÃ‚--makes a harmony that flatters the ears.

Dryden.

7. To wheedle; to coax; to attempt to win by blandishments, praise or enticements. How many young and credulous persons are flattered out of their innocence and their property, by seducing arts!

Flattered

FLAT'TERED, participle passive Soothed by praise; pleased by commendation; gratified with hopes, false or well founded; wheedled.

Flatterer

FLAT'TERER, noun One who flatters; a fawner; a wheedler; one who praises another, with a view to please him, to gain his favor, or to accomplish some purpose. When I tell him he hates flatterers, He says he does; being then most flattered.

Shak. The most abject flatterers degenerate into the greatest tyrants. Addison.

Flattering

FLAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Gratifying with praise; pleasing by applause; wheedling; coaxing.

2. adjective Pleasing to pride or vanity; gratifying to self-love; as a flattering eulogy. The minister gives a flattering account of his reception at court.

3. Pleasing; favorable; encouraging hope. We have a flattering prospect of an abundant harvest. The symptoms of the disease are flattering.

4. Practicing adulation; uttering false praise; as a flattering tongue.

Flatteringly

FLAT'TERINGLY, adverb In a flattering manner; in a manner to flatter.

2. In a manner to favor; with partiality.

Cumberland.

Flattery

FLAT'TERY, noun [French flatterie.] False praise; commendation bestowed for the purpose of gaining favor and influence, or to accomplish some purpose. Direct flattery consists in praising a person himself; indirect flattery consists in praising a person through his works or his connections. Simple pride for flattery makes demands.

Pope. Just praise is only a debt, but flattery is a present. Rambler.

2. Adulation; obsequiousness; wheedling.

Rowe.

3. Just commendation which gratifies self-love.

Flattish

FLAT'TISH, adjective [from flat.] Somewhat flat; approaching to flatness.

Woodward.

Flatulence

FLAT'ULENCE, or FLAT'ULENCY, noun [See Flatulent.] Windiness in the stomach; air generated in a weak stomach and intestines by imperfect digestion, occasioning distension, uneasiness, pain, and often belchings.

Encyc.

2. Airiness; emptiness; vanity.

Glanville.

Flatulent

FLAT'ULENT, adjective [Latin flatulentus, flatus, from flo, to blow.]

1. Windy; affected with air generated in the stomach and intestines.

2. Turgid with air; windy; as a flatulent tumor.

Quincy.

3. Generating or apt to generate wind in the stomach. Pease are a flatulent vegetable.

Arbuthnot.

4. Empty; vain; big without substance or reality; puffy; as a flatulent writer; flatulent vanity.

Dryden. Glanville.

Flatuosity

FLATUOS'ITY, noun Windiness; fullness of air; flatulence. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Flatuous

FLAT'UOUS, adjective [Latin flatuousus.] Windy; generating wind. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Flatus

FLA'TUS, noun [Latin from flo, to blow.] A breath; a puff of wind.

Clarke.

2. Wind generated in the stomach or other cavities of the body; flatulence.

Quincy.

Flatwise

FLAT'WISE, adjective or adverb [from flat.] With the flat side downward or next to another object; not edgewise.

Woodward.

Flaunt

FL`AUNT, verb intransitive [I know not whence we have this word. It is doubtless of Celtic origin, from the root Ln, bearing the sense of throwing out, or spreading. Qu. Scot. flanter, to waver. See Flounce.] To throw or spread out; to flutter; to display ostentatiously; as a flaunting show. You flaunt about the streets in your new gilt chariot.

Arbuthnot. One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade.

Pope.

[This correctly expresses the author's meaning, which is, that the proud often attempt to make a show and parade of their importance, even in poverty. Johnson's remark on the use of the word seems therefore to be unfounded.]

2. To carry a pert or saucy appearance.

Boyle.

Flaunt

FL`AUNT, noun Any thing displayed for show.

Shak.

Flaunting

FL`AUNTING, participle of the present tense Making an ostentatious display.

Flavor

FLA'VOR, noun [Qu. French flairer, to smell; Welsh fleiriaw.] The quality of a substance which affects the taste or smell, in any manner. We say, the wine has a fine flavor, or a disagreeable flavor; the fruit has a bad flavor; a rose has a sweet flavor. The word then signifies the quality which is tasted or smelt; taste, odor, fragrance, smell.

Flavor

FLA'VOR, verb transitive To communicate some quality to a thing, that may affect the taste or smell.

Flavored

FLA'VORED, adjective Having a quality that affects the sense of tasting or smelling; as high-flavored wine, having the quality in a high degree.

Flavorless

FLA'VORLESS, adjective Without flavor; tasteless; having no smell or taste.

Encyc.

Flavorous

FLA'VOROUS, adjective Pleasant to the taste or smell.

Dryden.

Flavous

FLA'VOUS, adjective [Latin flavus.] Yellow. [Not used.]

Smith.

Flaw

FLAW, noun [Welsh flaw, a piece rent, a splinter, a ray, a dart, a flaw; flau, a spreading out, radiation; fla, a parting from; also floÃƒ-§en, a splinter; floÃƒ-§, a flying about; floÃƒ-§i, to dart suddenly; flyÃƒ-§iaw, to break out abruptly. The Greek seems to be contracted from or.]

2. A breach; a crack; a defect made by breaking or splitting; a gap or fissure; as a flaw in a sythe, knife or razor; a flaw in a china dish, or in a glass; a flaw in a wall.

2. A defect; a fault; any defect made by violence, or occasioned by neglect; as a flaw in reputation; a flaw in a will, or in a deed, or in a statute.

3. A sudden burst of wind; a sudden gust or blast of short duration; a word of common use among seamen. [This proves the primary sense to be, to burst or rush.]

4. A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult; uproar. And deluges of armies from the town Came pouring in; I heard the mighty flaw.

Dryden.

[In this sense, the word is not used in the United States.]

5. A sudden commotion of mind. [Not used.]

Shak.

Flaw

FLAW, verb transitive To break; to crack. The brazen cauldrons with the frosts are flawed.

Dryden.

2. To break; to violate; as, to flaw a league. [Little used.]

Shak.

Flawed

FLAW'ED, participle passive Broken; cracked.

Flawing

FLAW'ING, participle of the present tense Breaking; cracking.

Flawless

FLAW'LESS, adjective Without cracks; without defect.

Boyle.

Flawn

FLAWN, noun [Saxon flena; French flan.] A sort of custard or pie. [Obs.]

Tusser.

Flawter

FLAW'TER, verb transitive To scrape or pare a skin. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Flawy

FLAW'Y, adjective Full of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty.

2. Subject to sudden gusts of wind.

Flax

FLAX, noun [Saxon fleax, flex; German flachs; Dutch vlas. The elements are the same as in flaccid.]

1. A plant of the genus Linum, consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, cambric, lawn, lace, &c. The skin consists of fine fibers, which may be so separated as to be spun into threads as fine as silk.

2. The skin or fibrous part of the plant when broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing.

Flaxcomb

FLAX'COMB, noun An instrument with teeth through which flax is drawn for separating from it the tow or coarser part and the shives. In America, we call it a hatchel.

Flaxdresser

FLAX'DRESSER, noun One who breaks and swingles flax.

Flaxplant

FLAX'PLANT, noun The Phormium, a plant in New Zealand that serves the inhabitants for flax.

Flaxraiser

FLAX'RAISER, noun One who raises flax.

Flaxseed

FLAX'SEED, noun The seed of flax.

Flaxen

FLAX'EN, adjective Made of flax; as flaxen thread.

2. Resembling flax; of the color of flax; fair, long, and flowing; as flaxen hair.

Flaxy

FLAX'Y, adjective Like flax; being of a light color; fair.

Sandys.

Flay

FLAY, verb transitive [Saxon flean; Danish flaaer; Swedish flÃƒ-¥: German flÃƒ-¶hen; Greek, whence, bark, rind; probably a contracted word.]

1. To skin; to strip off the skin of an animal; as, to flay an ox.

2. To take off the skin or surface of any thing. [Not used.]

Swift.

Flayed

FLA'YED, participle passive Skinned; stripped of the skin.

Flayer

FLA'YER, noun One who strips off the skin.

Flaying

FLA'YING, participle of the present tense Stripping off the skin.

Flea

FLEA, noun [Saxon flea; German floh; Dutch vloo; Scot. flech; Icelandic floc; from Saxon fleogan, to fly. See Flee and Fly.] An insect of the genus Pulex. It has two eyes, and six feet; the feelers are like threads; the rostrum is inflected, setaceous, and armed with a sting. The flea is remarkable for its agility, leaping to a surprising distance, and its bite is very troublesome.

Fleabane

FLE'ABANE, noun A plant of the genus Conyza.

Fleabite

FLE'ABITE, or FLE'ABITING, noun The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the bite.

2. A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea.

Harvey.

Fleabitten

FLE'ABITTEN, adjective Bitten or stung by a flea.

2. Mean; worthless; of low birth or station.

Cleaveland.

Fleawort

FLE'AWORT, noun A plant.

Fleak

FLEAK, a lock. [See Flake.]

Fleam

FLEAM, noun [Dutch vlym; Welsh flaim; Armoric flemm or flem, the sting of a bee, a sharp point. In Welsh, llem and llym signify sharp, penetrating.] In surgery and farriery, a sharp instrument used for opening veins for letting blood.

Fleck

FLECK, or FLECK'ER, verb transitive [German fleck, a spot; flecken, to spot; Dutch vlek, vlak, vlakken; Swedish fl?ck, fl?cka; Danish flek, flekker.] To spot; to streak or stripe; to variegate; to dapple. Both flecked with white, the true Arcadian strain.

Dryden.

[These words are obsolete or used only in poetry.]

Flection

FLEC'TION, noun [Latin flectio.] The act of bending, or state of being bent.

Flector

FLEC'TOR, noun A flexor, which see.

Fled

FLED, preterit tense and participle passive of flee; as, truth has fled.

Fledge

FLEDGE, a. flej. [German flÃƒ-¼gge; Dutch vlug, fledged, quick, nimble; connected with German fliegen, Dutch vliegen, Saxon fleogan, to fly.] Fethered; furnished with fethers or wings; able to fly. His locks behind, Illustrious on his shoulders, fledge with wings, Lay waving round.

Milton.

Fledge

FLEDGE, verb transitive To furnish with fethers; to supply with the fethers necessary for flight. The birds were not yet fledged enough to shift for themselves.

L'Estrange.

Fledged

FLEDG'ED, participle passive Furnished with fethers for flight; covered with fethers.

Fledging

FLEDG'ING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with fethers for flight.

Flee

FLEE, verb intransitive [Saxon flean, fleon, fleogan; German fliehen.]

1. To run with rapidity, as from danger; to attempt to escape; to hasten from danger or expected evil. The enemy fled at the first fire. Arise, take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt. Matthew 2.

2. To depart; to leave; to hasten away. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. James 4.

3. To avoid; to keep at a distance from. Flee fornication; flee from idolatry. 1 Corinthians 6, 10.

To flee the question or from the question, in legislation, is said of a legislator who, when a question is to be put to the house, leaves his seat to avoid the dilemma of voting against his conscience, or giving an unpopular vote. In the phrases in which this verb appears to be transitive, there is really an ellipsis.

Fleece

FLEECE, n. flees. [Saxon fleos, flys, flese; Dutch vlies; German fliess; most probably from shearing or stripping, as in Dutch the word signifies a film or membrane, as well as a fleece. The verb to fleece seems to favor the sense of stripping. See Class Ls. No. 25. 28. 30. But Qu. Latin vellus, from vello, to pluck or tear off. Varro. See Class Bl. In Russian volos is hair or wool, written also vlas. It was probably the practice to pluck off wool, before it was to shear it.] The coat of wool shorn from a sheep at one time.

Fleece

FLEECE, verb transitive To shear off a covering or growth of wool.

2. To strip of money or property; to take from, by severe exactions, under color of law or justice, or pretext of necessity, or by virtue of authority. Arbitrary princes fleece their subjects; and clients complain that they are sometimes fleeced by their lawyers. This word is rarely or never used for plundering in war by a licentious soldiery; but is properly used to express a stripping by contributions levied on a conquered people.

3. To spread over as with wool; to make white.

Thomson.

Fleeced

FLEE'CED, participle passive Stripped by severe exactions.

Fleeced

FLEE'CED, adjective Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces; as, a sheep is well fleeced.

Fleecer

FLEE'CER, noun One who strips or takes by severe exactions.

Fleecing

FLEE'CING, participle of the present tense Stripping of money or property by severe demands of fees, taxes or contributions.

Fleecy

FLEE'CY, adjective Covered with wool; woolly; as a fleecy flock.

Prior.

2. Resembling wool or a fleece; soft; complicated; as fleecy snow; fleecy locks; fleecy hosiery.

Fleer

FLEER, verb intransitive [Scot. flyre, or fleyr, to make wry faces, to leer, to look surly; Icelandic flyra. In Dutch gluuren signifies to leer, to peep; Swedish plira; Danish plirende, ogling, leering. This word seems to be leer, with a prefix, and leer presents probably the primary sense.]

1. To deride; to sneer; to mock; to gibe; to make a wry face in contempt, or to grin in scorn; as, to fleer and flout. Covered with an antic face, To fleer and scorn at our solemnity.

Shak.

2. To leer; to grin with an air of civility.

Burton.

Fleer

FLEER, verb transitive To mock; to flout at.

Beaum.

Fleer

FLEER, noun Derision or mockery, expressed by words or looks. And mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns.

Shak.

2. A grin of civility. A treacherous fleer on the face of deceivers.

South.

Fleerer

FLEE'RER, noun A mocker; a fawner.

Fleering

FLEE'RING, participle of the present tense Deriding; mocking; counterfeiting an air of civility.

Fleet

FLEET, in English names, [Saxon fleot,] denotes a flood, a creek or inlet, a bay or estuary, or a river; as in Fleet-street, North-flete, Fleet-prison.

Fleet

FLEET, noun [Saxon flota, fliet; German flotte; Dutch vloot; Swedish flotte; Danish flode; French flotte. Fleet and float seem to be allied. But whether they are formed from the root of flow, or whether the last consonant is radical, is not obvious. See Float.] A navy or squadron of ships; a number of ships in company, whether ships of war, or of commerce. It more generally signifies ships of war.

Fleet

FLEET, adjective [Icelandic fliotr; Irish luath, swift; Russian leta?u, to fly; to flit. If the last consonant is radical, this word seems to be allied to Dutch vlieden, to flee, to fly, and possibly to the Shemitic; but from the Ethiopic it would appear that the latter word is our split, the sense being to divide or separate.]

1. Swift of pace; moving or able to move with rapidity; nimble; light and quick in motion, or moving with lightness and celerity; as a fleet horse or dog.

2. Moving with velocity; as fleet winds.

3. Light; superficially fruitful; or thin; not penetrating deep; as soil.

Mortimer.

4. Skimming the surface.

Ibid.

Fleet

FLEET, verb intransitive To fly swiftly; to hasten; to flit as a light substance. To fleet away is to vanish. How all the other passions fleet to air.

Shak.

2. To be in a transient state.

3. To float.

Fleet

FLEET, verb transitive To skim the surface; to pass over rapidly; as a ship that fleets the gulf.

Spenser.

2. To pass lightly, or in mirth and joy; as, to fleet away time. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. To skim milk. [Local, in England.] The verb in the transitive form is rarely or never used in America.

Fleetfoot

FLEE'TFOOT, adjective Swift of foot; running or able to run with rapidity.

Shak.

Fleeting

FLEE'TING, participle of the present tense Passing rapidly; flying with velocity.

2. adjective Transient; not durable; as the fleeting hours or moments.

Fleeting-Dish

FLEE'TING-DISH, noun A skimming bowl. [Local.]

Fleetly

FLEE'TLY, adverb Rapidly; lightly and nimbly; swiftly.

Fleetness

FLEE'TNESS, noun Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as the fleetness of a horse or a deer.

Fleming

FLEM'ING, noun A native of Flanders, or the Low Countries in Europe.

Flemish

FLEM'ISH, adjective Pertaining to Flanders.

Flesh

FLESH, noun [Saxon floec, flec, or floesc; German fleisch; Dutch vleesch; Danish flesk. In Danish, the word signifies the flesh of swine. I know not the primary sense; it may be soft.] A compound substance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the fluids. Under the general appellation of flesh, we include the muscles, fat, glands &c., which invest the bones and are covered with the skin. It is sometimes restricted to the muscles.

2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable.

Flesh without being qualified with acids, is too alkalescent a diet.

Arbuthnot.

3. The body of beasts and fowls used as food, distinct from fish. In Lent, the Catholics abstain from flesh, but eat fish.

4. The body, as distinguished from the soul. As if this flesh, which walls about our life, Were brass impregnable.

Shak.

5. Animal nature; animals of all kinds. The end of all flesh is come before me. Genesis 6.

6. Men in general; mankind. My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh. Genesis 6.

7. Human nature. The word was made flesh, and dwelt among us. John 1.

8. Carnality; corporeal appetites. Fasting serves to mortify the flesh.

Smalridge. The flesh lusteth against the spirit. Galatians 5.

9. A carnal state; a state of unrenewed nature. They that are in the flesh cannot please God. Romans 8.

10. The corruptible body of man, or corrupt nature.

Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. 1 Corinthians 15.

11. The present life; the state of existence in this world. To abide in the flesh is more needful for you. Philippians 1.

12. Legal righteousness, and ceremonial services. What shall we then say that Abraham, our father as pertaining to the flesh, hath found Romans 4. Galatians 3.

13. Kindred; stock; family. He is our brother, and our flesh. Genesis 37.

14. In botany, the soft pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, &c., which is fit to be eaten.

One flesh, denotes intimate relation. To be one flesh is to be closely united, as in marriage. Genesis 2. Ephesians 5.

After the flesh, according to outward appearances, John 8: Or according to the common powers of nature. Galatians 4.: Or according to sinful lusts and inclinations. Romans 8. An arm of flesh, human strength or aid.

Flesh

FLESH, verb transitive To initiate; a sportsman's use of the word, from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with the first game they take or other flesh.

2. To harden; to accustom; to establish in any practice, as dogs by often feeding on any thing. Men fleshed in cruelty; women fleshed in malice.

Sidney.

3. To glut; to satiate. The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent.

Shak.

Fleshbroth

FLESH'BROTH, noun Broth made by boiling flesh in water.

Fleshbrush

FLESH'BRUSH, noun A brush for exciting action in the skin by friction.

Fleshcolor

FLESH'COLOR, noun The color of flesh; carnation.

Fleshcolored

FLESH'COLORED, adjective Being of the color of flesh.

Fleshdiet

FLESH'DIET, noun Food consisting of flesh.

Fleshed

FLESH'ED, participle passive Initiated; accustomed; glutted.

2. Fat; fleshy.

Fleshfly

FLESH'FLY, noun A fly that feeds on flesh, and deposits her eggs in it.

Ray.

Fleshhook

FLESH'HOOK, noun A hook to draw flesh from a pot or caldron. 1 Samuel 2.

Fleshiness

FLESH'INESS, noun [from fleshy.] Abundance of flesh or fat in animals; plumpness; corpulence; grossness.

Fleshing

FLESH'ING, participle of the present tense Initiating; making familiar; glutting.

Fleshless

FLESH'LESS, adjective Destitute of flesh; lean.

Fleshliness

FLESH'LINESS, noun Carnal passions and appetites.

Spenser.

Fleshly

FLESH'LY, adjective Pertaining to the flesh; corporeal.

Denham.

2. Carnal; worldly; lascivious. Abstain from fleshly lusts. 1 Peter 2.

3. Animal; not vegetable.

Dryden.

4. Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine. Vain of fleshly arm.

Milton.

Fleshly wisdom. 2 Corinthians 1.

Fleshmeat

FLESH'MEAT, noun Animal food; the flesh of animals prepared or used for food.

Swift.

Fleshment

FLESH'MENT, noun Eagerness gained by a successful initiation.

Shak.

Fleshmonger

FLESH'MONGER, noun One who deals in flesh; a procurer; a pimp. [Little used.]

Shak.

Fleshpot

FLESH'POT, noun A vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence, plenty of provisions. Exodus 16.

Fleshquake

FLESH'QUAKE, noun A trembling of the flesh. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Fleshy

FLESH'Y, adjective Full of flesh; plump; musculous. The sole of his foot is fleshy.

Ray.

2. Fat; gross; corpulent; as a fleshy man.

3. Corporeal.

Eccles.

4. Full of pulp; pulpous; plump; as fruit.

Bacon.

Flet

FLET, participle passive of fleet. Skimmed. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

Fletch

FLETCH, verb transitive [French fleche.] To fether an arrow.

Warburton.

Fletcher

FLETCH'ER, noun [French fleche, an arrow.] An arrow-maker; a manufacturer of bows and arrows. Hence the name of Fletcher. But the use of the word as an appellative has ceased with the practice of archery.

Fletz

FLETZ, adjective [German flÃƒ-¶tz, a layer.] In geology, the fletz formations, so called, consist of rocks which lie immediately over the transition rocks. These formations are so called because the rocks usually appear in beds more nearly horizontal than the transition class. These formations consist of sandstone, limestone, gypsum, calamine, chalk, coal and trap. They contain abundance of petrifactions, both of animal and vegetable origin.

Good.

Flew

FLEW, pret. of fly. The people flew upon the spoil. 1 Samuel 14.

Flew

FLEW, noun The large chaps of a deepmouthed hound.

Hanmer.

Flewed

FLEW'ED, adjective Chapped; mouthed; deepmouthed.

Shak.

Flexanimous

FLEXAN'IMOUS, adjective [from Latin] Having power to change the mind. [Not used.]

Howell.

Flexibility

FLEXIBIL'ITY, noun [See Flexible.] The quality of admitting to be bent; pliancy; flexibleness; as the flexibility of rays of light.

Newton.

2. Easiness to be persuaded; the quality of yielding to arguments, persuasion or circumstances; ductility of mind; readiness to comply; facility; as flexibility of temper.

Flexible

FLEX'IBLE, adjective [Latin flexibilis, from flecto, flexi, to bend, French flechir, coinciding with German flechten, to braid, Dutch vlegten. These words have the same elements as Latin plico.]

1. That may be bent; capable of being turned or forced from a straight line or form without breaking; pliant; yielding to pressure; not stiff; as a flexible rod; a flexible plant.

2. Capable of yielding to intreaties, arguments or other moral force; that may be persuaded to compliance; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; not inexorable. Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways flexible to the will of the people.

Bacon. It often denotes, easy or too easy to yield or comply; wavering; inconstant; not firm.

3. Ductile; manageable; tractable; as the tender and flexible minds of youth. Flexible years or time of life, the time when the mind is tractable.

4. That may be turned or accommodated. This was a principle more flexible to their purpose.

Rogers.

Flexibleness

FLEX'IBLENESS, noun Possibility to be bent or turned from a straight line or form without breaking; easiness to be bent; pliantness; pliancy; flexibility.

Boyle.

2. Facility of mind; readiness to comply or yield; obsequiousness; as the flexibleness of a courtier.

3. Ductility; manageableness; tractableness; as the flexibleness of youth.

Flexile

FLEX'ILE, adjective [Latin flexilis.] Pliant; pliable; easily bent; yielding to power, impulse or moral force.

Thomson.

Flexion

FLEX'ION, noun [Latin flexio.] The act of bending.

2. A bending; a part bent; a fold.

Bacon.

3. A turn; a cast; as a flexion of the eye.

Bacon.

Flexor

FLEX'OR, noun In anatomy, a muscle whose office is to bend the part to which it belongs, in opposition to the extensors.

Flexuous

FLEX'UOUS, adjective [Latin flexuosus.] Winding; having turns or windings; as a flexuous rivulet.

Digby.

2. Bending; winding; wavering; not steady; as a flexuous flame.

Bacon.

3. In botany, bending or bent; changing its direction in a curve, from joint to joint, from bud to bud, or from flower to flower.

Martyn.

Flexure

FLEX'URE, noun [Latin flexura.] A winding or bending; the form of bending; as the flexure of a joint.

2. The act of bending.

Shak.

3. The part bent; a joint.

Sandys.

4. The bending of the body; obsequious or servile cringe.

Shak.

Flicker

FLICK'ER, verb intransitive [Saxon fliccerian; Scot. flecker, to quiver; Dutch flikkeren, to twinkle; probably a diminutive from the root of fly.]

1. To flutter; to flap the wings without flying; to strike rapidly with the wings. And flickering on her nest made short essays to sing.

Dryden.

2. To fluctuate.

Burton.

Flickering

FLICK'ERING, participle of the present tense Fluttering; flapping the wings without flight.

2. adjective With amorous motions of the eye. The fair LaviniaÃ‚--looks a little flickering after Turnus.

Dryden.

Flickering

FLICK'ERING, noun A fluttering; short irregular movements.

Flickermouse

FLICK'ERMOUSE, noun The bat.

B. Jonson.

Flier

FLI'ER, noun [See Fly. It ought to be flyer.] One that flies or flees.

2. A runaway; a fugitive.

Shak.

3. A part of a machine which, by moving rapidly, equalizes and regulates the motion of the whole; as the flier of a jack.

Flight

FLIGHT, n. flite. [Saxon fliht; German flug, flucht; Dutch vlugt; Danish flugt; Swedish flycht. See Fly.]

1. The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil; hasty departure. Pray ye that your flight be not in winter. Matthew 24. To put to flight, to turn to flight, is to compel to run away; to force to escape.

2. The act of flying; a passing through the air by the help of wings; volation; as the flight of birds and insects.

3. The manner of flying. Every fowl has its particular flight; the flight of the eagle is high; the flight of the swallow is rapid, with sudden turns.

4. Removal from place to place by flying.

5. A flock of birds flying in company; as a flight of pigeons or wild geese.

6. A number of beings flying or moving through the air together; as a flight of angels.

Milton.

7. A number of things passing through the air together; a volley; as a flight of arrows.

8. A periodical flying of birds in flocks; as the spring flight or autumnal flight of ducks or pigeons.

9. In England, the birds produced in the same season.

10. The space passed by flying.

11. A mounting; a soaring; lofty elevation and excursion; as a flight of imagination or fancy; a flight of ambition.

12. Excursion; wandering; extravagant sally; as a flight of folly.

Tillotson.

13. The power of flying.

Shak.

14. In certain lead works, a substance that flies off in smoke.

Encyc.

Flight of stairs, the series of stairs from the floor, or from one platform to another.

Flightiness

FLIGHTINESS, noun The state of being flighty; wildness; slight delirium.

Flight-Shot

FLIGHT-SHOT, noun The distance which an arrow flies.

Flighty

FLIGHTY, adjective Fleeting; swift. The flighty purpose never is o'ertook.

Shak.

2. Wild; indulging the sallies of imagination.

3. Disordered in mind; somewhat delirious.

Flimflam

FLIM'FLAM, noun [Icelandic flim.] A freak; a trick.

Beaum.

Flimsiness

FLIM'SINESS, noun State or quality of being flimsy; thin, weak texture; weakness; want of substance or solidity.

Flimsy

FLIM'SY, a. s as z. [Welsh llymsi, having a fickle motion; llymu, to make sharp, quick, pungent. Owen. But Lluyd renders llymsi, vain, weak. The word is retained by the common people in New England in limsy, weak, limber, easily bending. See Class Lm. No. 2. 5. 6.]

1. Weak; feeble; slight; vain; without strength or solid substance; as a flimsy pretext; a flimsy excuse; flimsy objections.

Milner.

2. Without strength or force; spiritless. Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines.

Pope.

3. Thin; of loose texture; as flimsy cloth or stuff. [Little used.]

Flinch

FLINCH, verb intransitive [I have not found this word in any other language; but the sense of it occurs in blench, and not improbably it is from the same root, with a different prefix.]

1. To shrink; to withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger; to fail of proceeding, or of performing any thing. Never flinch from duty. One of the parties flinched from the combat. A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed to bear very rough usage without flinching or complaining.

Locke.

2. To fail.

Shak.

Flincher

FLINCH'ER, noun One who flinches or fails.

Flinching

FLINCH'ING, participle of the present tense Failing to undertake, perform or proceed; shrinking; withdrawing.

Flinder

FLIN'DER, noun [Dutch flenter, a splinter, a tatter.] A small piece or splinter; a fragment.

New England.

[This seems to be splinter, without the prefix.]

Fling

FLING, verb transitive pret. and pp. flung. [Irish lingim, to fling, to dart, to fly off, to skip. If n is not radical, as I suppose, this may be the Welsh lluciaw, to fling, to throw, to dart, and Latin lego, legare.]

1. To cast, send or throw from the hand; to hurl; as, to fling a stone at a bird.

'Tis fate that flings the dice; and as she flings, Of kings makes peasants, and of peasants, kings.

Dryden.

2. To dart; to cast with violence; to send forth. HeÃ‚--like Jove, his lightning flung.

Dryden.

3. To send forth; to emit; to scatter. Every beam new transient colors flings.

Pope.

4. To throw; to drive by violence.

5. To throw to the ground; to prostrate. The wrestler flung his antagonist.

6. To baffle; to defeat; as, to fling a party in litigation.

To fling away, to reject; to discard. Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition.

Shak.

To fling down, to demolish; to ruin.

2. To throw to the ground.

To fling off, to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey.

Addison.

To fling out, to utter; to speak; as, to fling out hard words against another.

To fling in, to throw in; to make an allowance or deduction, or not to charge in an account. In settling accounts, one party flings in a small sum, or a few days work.

To fling open, to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence; as, to fling open a door.

To fling up, to relinquish; to abandon; as, to fling up a design.

Fling

FLING, verb intransitive To flounce; to wince; to fly into violent and irregular motions. The horse began to kick and fling.

2. To cast in the teeth; to utter harsh language; to sneer; to upbraid. The scold began to flout and fling.

To fling out, to grow unruly or outrageous.

Shak.

Fling

FLING, noun A throw; a cast from the hand.

2. A gibe; a sneer; a sarcasm; a severe or contemptuous remark. I, who love to have a fling, Both at senate house and king.

Swift.

Flinger

FLING'ER, noun One who flings; one who jeers.

Flinging

FLING'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing; casting; jeering.

Flint

FLINT, noun [Saxon flint; Swedish flinta. In Danish flint is a light gun, and flint is called flintsteen, flint-stone. So also in German. The Dutch and Germans call it also firestone. It may be from the root of splendor.]

1. In natural history, a sub-species of quartz, of a yellowish or bluish gray, or grayish black color. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stones, or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is generally uneven, and covered with a rind or crust, either calcarious or argillaceous. It is very hard, strikes fire with steel, and is an ingredient in glass.

Kirwan. Encyc.

2. A piece of the above described stone used in firearms to strike fire.

3. Any thing proverbially hard; as a heart of flint.

Spenser.

Flint-Heart

FLINT-HEART, or FLINT-HEARTED, adjective Having a hard, unfeeling heart.

Flinty

FLINT'Y, adjective Consisting of flint; as a flinty rock.

2. Like flint; very hard; not impressible; as a flinty heart.

3. Cruel; unmerciful; inexorable.

Shak.

4. Full of flint stones; as flinty ground.

Bacon.

Flinty-slate, a mineral of two kinds, the common and the Lydian stone.

Ure.

Flip

FLIP, noun A mixed liquor consisting of beer and spirit sweetened.

Flipdog

FLIP'DOG, noun An iron used, when heated, to warm flip.

Flippancy

FLIP'PANCY, noun [See Flippant.] Smoothness and rapidity of speech; volubility of tongue; fluency of speech.

Flippant

FLIP'PANT, adjective [Welsh llipanu, to make smooth or glib, from llib, llipa, flaccid, soft, limber; allied to flabby, and to glib, and probably to Latin labor, to slide or slip, and to liber, free. Class Lb.]

1. Of smooth, fluent and rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.

2. Pert; petulant; waggish. Away with flippant epilogues.

Thomson.

Flippantly

FLIP'PANTLY, adverb Fluently; with ease and volubility of speech.

Flippantness

FLIP'PANTNESS, noun Fluency of speech; volubility of tongue; flippancy.

[This is not a low, vulgar word, but well authorized and peculiarly expressive.]

Flirt

FLIRT, v. t. flurt. [This word evidently belongs to the root of Latin floreo, or ploro, signifying to throw, and coinciding with blurt, Qu. Saxon fleardian, to trifle.]

1. To throw with a jerk or sudden effort or exertion. The boys flirt water in each other's faces. He flirted a glove or a handkerchief.

2. To toss or throw; to move suddenly; as, to flirt a fan.

Flirt

FLIRT, verb intransitive To jeer or gibe; to throw harsh or sarcastic words; to utter contemptuous language, with an air of disdain.

2. To run and dart about; to be moving hastily from place to place; to be unsteady or fluttering. The girls flirt about the room or the street.

Flirt

FLIRT, noun A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion. In unfurling the fan are several little flirts and vibrations.

Addison.

2. A young girl who moves hastily or frequently from place to place; a pert girl. Several young flirts about town had a design to cast us out of the fashionable world.

Addison.

Flirt

FLIRT, adjective Pert; wanton.

Shak.

Flirtation

FLIRTA'TION, noun A flirting; a quick sprightly motion.

2. Desire of attracting notice. [A cant word.]

Addison.

Flirted

FLIRT'ED, participle passive Thrown with a sudden jerk.

Flirting

FLIRT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing; jerking; tossing; darting about; rambling and changing place hastily.

Flit

FLIT, verb intransitive [Dutch vlieden, to fly or flee; Danish flyder, Swedish flyta, to flow, to glide away; Danish flytter, Swedish flyttia, to remove; Icelandic fliutur, swift. This word coincides in elements with Hebrew Chaldee Syriac. Class Ld. No. 43. It is undoubtedly from the same root as fleet, which see.]

1. To fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to move with celerity through the air. We say, a bird flits away, or flits in air; a cloud flits along.

2. To flutter; to rove on the wing.

Dryden.

3. To remove; to migrate; to pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another. It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this life, did flit out of one body into some other.

Hooker.

4. In Scotland, to remove from one habitation to another.

5. To be unstable; to be easily or often moved. And the free soul to flitting air resigned.

Dryden.

Flit

FLIT, adjective Nimble; quick; swift. Obs. [See Fleet.]

Flitch

FLITCH, noun [Saxon flicce; French fleche, an arrow, a coach-beam, a flitch of bacon.] The side of a hog salted and cured.

Dryden. Swift.

Flitter

FLIT'TER, verb intransitive To flutter, which see.

Chaucer.

Flitter

FLIT'TER, noun A rag; a tatter. [See Fritter.]

Flittermouse

FLIT'TERMOUSE, noun [Flit, flitter and mouse.] A bat; an animal that has the fur of a mouse, and membranes which answer the purpose of wings, and enable the animal to sustain itself in a fluttering flight.

Flittiness

FLIT'TINESS, noun [from flit.] Unsteadiness; levity; lightness.

Bp. Hopkins.

Flitting

FLIT'TING, participle of the present tense Flying rapidly; fluttering; moving swiftly.

Flitting

FLIT'TING, noun A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.

Flitty

FLIT'TY, adjective Unstable; fluttering.

More.

Flix

FLIX, noun [Qu. from flax.] Down; fur. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Flixweed

FLIX'WEED, noun The Sisymbrium sophia, a species of water-cresses, growing on walls and waste grounds.

Encyc.

Flo

FLO, noun An arrow. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Float

FLOAT, noun [Saxon flota; German floss; Dutch vlot, vloot; Danish flode; Swedish flotte; French flotte; Spanish flota; Italian flotta; Russian plot.]

1. That which swims or is borne on water; as a float of weeds and rushes. But particularly, a body or collection of timber, boards or planks fastened together and conveyed down a stream; a raft. [The latter word is more generally used in the U. States.]

2. The cork or quill used on an angling line, to support it and discover the bite of a fish.

Encyc. Walton.

3. The act of flowing; flux; flood; the primary sense, but obsolete.

Hooker.

4. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one deep.

Mortimer.

5. A wave. [French flot; Latin fluctus.]

Float

FLOAT, verb intransitive [Saxon fleotan, flotan; German flÃƒ-¶ssen; Dutch vlooten, vlotten; French flotter; Danish flÃƒ-¶der. Either from the noun, or from the root of the Latin fluo, to flow.]

1. To be borne or sustained on the surface of a fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up; not to sink; not to be aground. We say, the water is so shallow, the ship will not float.

2. To move or be conveyed on water; to swim. The raft floats down the river. Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast, I floated.

Dryden.

3. To be buoyed up and moved or conveyed in a fluid, as in air. They stretch their plumes and float upon the wind.

Pope.

4. To move with a light irregular course. Qu.

Locke.

Float

FLOAT, verb transitive To cause to pass by swimming; to cause to be conveyed on water. The tide floated the ship into the harbor.

2. To flood; to inundate; to overflow; to cover with water. Proud Pactolus floats the fruitful lands.

Dryden.

Floatage

FLO'ATAGE, noun Any thing that floats on the water.

Encyc.

Float-Board

FLO'AT-BOARD, noun A board of the water-wheel of undershot mills, which receives the impulse of the stream, by which the wheel is driven.

Floated

FLO'ATED, participle passive Flooded; overflowed.

2. Borne on water.

Floater

FLO'ATER, noun One that floats or swims.

Eusden.

Floating

FLO'ATING, participle of the present tense Swimming; conveying on water; overflowing.

2. Lying flat on the surface of the water; as a floating leaf.

Martyn.

Floating-Bridge

FLOAT'ING-BRIDGE, noun In the U. States, a bridge, consisting of logs or timber with a floor of plank, supported wholly by the water.

2. In war, a kind of double bridge, the upper one projecting beyond the lower one, and capable of being moved forward by pulleys, used for carrying troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of a fort.

Floatstone

FLO'ATSTONE, noun Swimming flint, spungiform quartz, a mineral of a spungy texture, of a whitish gray color, often with a tinge of yellow. It frequently contains a nucleus of common flint.

Cleaveland.

Floaty

FLO'ATY, adjective Buoyant; swimming on the surface; light.

Raleigh.

Flocculence

FLOC'CULENCE, noun [Latin flocculus, floccus. See Flock.] The state of being in locks or flocks; adhesion in small flakes.

Higgins Med. Rep.

Flocculent

FLOC'CULENT, adjective Coalescing and adhering in locks or flakes. I say the liquor is broken to flocculence, when the particles of herbaceous matter, seized by those of the lime, and coalescing, appear large and flocculent.

Ibm.

Flock

FLOCK, noun [Saxon floce; Latin floccus; German flocke; Dutch vlok; Danish flok; Swedish flock, a crowd; ulle-lock, wool-lock; Greek,; Russian klok. It is the same radically as flake, and applied to wool or hair, we write it lock. See Flake.]

1. A company or collection; applied to sheep and other small animals. A flock of sheep answers to a herd of larger cattle. But the word may sometimes perhaps be applied to larger beasts, and in the plural, flocks may include all kinds of domesticated animals.

2. A company or collection of fowls of any kind, and when applied to birds on the wing, a flight; as a flock of wild-geese; a flock of ducks; a flock of blackbirds. In the U. States, flocks of wild-pigeons sometimes darken the air.

3. A body or crowd of people. [Little used. Qu. Greek, a troop.]

4. A lock of wool or hair. Hence, a flock-bed.

Flock

FLOCK, verb intransitive To gather in companies or crowds; applied to men or other animals. People flock together. They flock to the play-house. Friends daily flock.

Dryden.

Flocking

FLOCK'ING, participle of the present tense Collecting or running together in a crowd.

Flog

FLOG, verb transitive [Latin fligo, to strike, that is, to lay on; Latin flagrum, flagellum, flail; Gothic bliggwan, to strike; Greek, Latin plaga, a stroke, plague. We have lick, which is probably of the same family; as is Dutch slag, German schlag, slay.] To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to chastise with repeated blows; a colloquial word, applied to whipping or beating for punishment; as, to flog a schoolboy or a sailor.

Flogged

FLOG'GED, participle passive Whipped or scourged for punishment; chastised.

Flogging

FLOG'GING, participle of the present tense Whipping for punishment; chastising.

Flogging

FLOG'GING, noun A whipping for punishment.

Flood

FLOOD, n. flud. [Saxon flod; German fluth; Dutch vloed; Swedish flod; Danish flod; from flow.]

1. A great flow of water; a body of moving water; particularly, a body of water, rising, swelling and overflowing land not usually covered with water. Thus there is a flood, every spring, in the Connecticut, which inundates the adjacent meadows. There is an annual flood in the Nile, and in the Missisippi.

2. The flood, by way of eminence, the deluge; the great body of water which inundated the earth in the days of Noah. Before the flood, men lived to a great age.

3. A river; a sense chiefly poetical.

4. The flowing of the tide; the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water in the ocean; opposed to ebb. The ship entered the harbor on the flood. Hence flood-tide; young flood; high flood.

5. A great quantity; an inundation; an overflowing; abundance; superabundance; as a flood of bank notes; a flood of paper currency.

6. A great body or stream of any fluid substance; as a flood of light; a flood of lava. Hence, figuratively, a flood of vice.

7. Menstrual discharge.

Harvey.

Flood

FLOOD, verb transitive To overflow; to inundate; to deluge; as, to flood a meadow.

Mortimer.

Flooded

FLOOD'ED, participle passive Overflowed; inundated.

Floodgate

FLOOD'GATE, noun A gate to be opened for letting water flow through, or to be shut to prevent it.

2. An opening or passage; an avenue for a flood or great body.

Flooding

FLOOD'ING, participle of the present tense Overflowing; inundating.

Flooding

FLOOD'ING, noun Any preternatural discharge of blood from the uterus.

Cyc.

Flood-Mark

FLOOD'-MARK, noun The mark or line to which the tide rises; high-water mark.

Flook

FLOOK. [See Fluke, the usual orthography.]

Flooking

FLOOK'ING, noun In mining, an interruption or shifting of a load of ore, by a cross vein or fissure.

Encyc.

Floor

FLOOR, n. flore. [Saxon flor, flore; Dutch vloer; Welsh llawr, and clawr, the earth or ground. an area, or ground plot, a floor; Irish lar, and urlar; Basque, or Cantabrian, lurra; Armoric leur, flat land or floor; German flur, a field, level ground or floor. In early ages, the inhabitants of Europe had no floor in their huts, but the ground. The sense of the word is probably that which is laid or spread.]

1. That part of a building or room on which we walk; the bottom or lower part, consisting, in modern houses, of boards, planks or pavement; as the floor of a house, room, barn, stable or outhouse.

2. A platform of boards or planks laid on timbers, as in a bridge; any similar platform.

3. A story in a building; as the first or second floor.

4. A floor or earthen floor is still used in some kinds of business, made of loam, or of lime, sand and iron dust, as in malting.

Encyc.

5. The bottom of a ship, or that part which is nearly horizontal.

Mar. Dict.

Floor

FLOOR, verb transitive To lay a floor; to cover timbers with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to floor a house with pine boards.

Flooed

FLOO'ED, participle passive Covered with boards, plank or pavement; furnished with a floor.

Flooring

FLOOR'ING, participle of the present tense Laying a floor; furnishing with a floor.

Flooring

FLOOR'ING, noun A platform; the bottom of a room or building; pavement.

2. Materials for floors.

Floor-Timbers

FLOOR-TIMBERS, noun The timbers on which a floor is laid.

Flop

FLOP, verb transitive [A different spelling of flap.]

1. To clap or strike the wings.

2. To let down the brim of a hat.

Flora

FLO'RA, noun [See Floral.] In antiquity, the goddess of flowers.

2. In modern usage, a catalogue or account of flowers or plants.

Floral

FLO'RAL, adjective [Latin floralis, from flos, a flower, which see.]

1. Containing the flower, as a floral bud; immediately attending the flower, as a floral leaf.

Martyn.

2. Pertaining to Flora or to flowers; as floral games; floral play.

Prior.

Floren

FLOR'EN, or FLOR'ENCE, noun An ancient gold coin of Edward III. of six shillings sterling value, about 134 cents.

Camden.

Florence

FLOR'ENCE, noun A kind of cloth.

2. A kind of wine from Florence in Italy.

Florentine

FLOR'ENTINE, noun A native of Florence.

2. A kind of silk cloth, so called.

Florescence

FLORES'CENCE, noun [Latin florescens, floresco. See Flower.] In botany, the season when plants expand their flowers.

Martyn.

Floret

FLO'RET, noun [French fleurette; Italian fioretto.] A little flower; the partial or separate little flower of an aggregate flower.

Martyn.

Florid

FLOR'ID, adjective [Latin floridus, from floreo, to flower.]

1. Literally, flowery; covered or abounding with flowers; but in this sense little used.

2. Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively red color; as a florid countenance; a florid cheek.

3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched with lively figures; splendid; brilliant; as a florid style; florid eloquence.

Floridity

FLORID'ITY, noun Freshness or brightness of color; floridness.

Floyer.

Floridness

FLOR'IDNESS, noun Brightness or freshness of color or complexion.

2. Vigor; spirit. [Unusual.]

Feltham.

3. Embellishment; brilliant ornaments; ambitious elegance; applied to style.

Boyle.

Floriferous

FLORIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin florifer, from flos, a flower, and fero, to bear.] Producing flowers.

Florification

FLORIFICA'TION, noun The act, process or time of flowering.

Williams. Journ. of Science.

Florin

FLOR'IN, noun [French florin; Italian fiorino.] A coin, originally made at Florence. The name is given to different coins of gold or silver, and of different values in different countries. It is also used as a money of account.

Florist

FLO'RIST, noun [French fleuriste.] A cultivator of flowers; one skilled in flowers.

Thomson.

2. One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.

Encyc.

Florulent

FLOR'ULENT, adjective Flowery; blossoming. [Not in use.]

Floscular

FLOS'CULAR, or FLOS'CULOUS, adjective [infra.] In botany, a flosculous flower is a compound flower, composed entirely of florets with funnel-shaped petals, as in burdock, thistle and artichoke. This is the term used by Tournefort. For this Linne used tubulous.

Milne. Martyn.

Floscule

FLOS'CULE, noun [Latin flosculus.] In botany, a partial or lesser floret of an aggregate flower.

Milne.

Flos Ferri

FLOS FERRI, noun [Latin flower of iron.] A mineral, a variety of arragonite, called by Jameson, after HaÃƒ-¼y, coralloidal arragonite. It occurs in little cylinders, sometimes diverging and ending in a point, and sometimes branched, like coral. Its structure is fibrous, and the surface, which is smooth, or garnished with little crystaline points, is often very white, with a silken luster. It takes this name from its being often found in cavities in veins of sparry iron.

Cleaveland.

Floss

FLOSS, noun [Latin flos.] A downy or silky substance in the husks of certain plants.

Tooke.

Flossification

FLOSSIFICA'TION, noun A flowering; expansion of flowers. [Novel.]

Med. Repos.

Flota

FLO'TA, noun [Spanish See Fleet.] A fleet; but appropriately a fleet of Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera Cruz, in Mexico, to transport to Spain the productions of Spanish America.

Flotage

FLO'TAGE, noun [French flottage.] That which floats on the sea, or on rivers. [Little used.]

Chambers.

Flote

FLOTE, verb transitive To skim. [Not used or local.]

Tusser.

Flotilla

FLOTIL'LA, noun [dim. of flota.] A little fleet, or fleet of small vessels.

Flotsam

FLOT'SAM, or FLOT'SON, noun [from float.] Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea. When such goods are cast on shore or found, the owner being unknown, they belong to the king.

English Law. Blackstone.

Flotten

FLOT'TEN, participle passive Skimmed. [Not in use.]

Flounce

FLOUNCE, v. i. flouns. [Dutch plonssen. See Flounder.] To throw the limbs and body one way and the other; to spring, turn or twist with sudden effort or violence; to struggle as a horse in mire. You neither fume, nor fret, nor flounce.

Swift.

2. To move with jerks or agitation.

Flounce

FLOUNCE, verb transitive To deck with a flounce; as, to flounce a petticoat or frock.

Pope.

Flounce

FLOUNCE, noun A narrow piece of cloth sewed to a petticoat, frock or gown, with the lower border loose and spreading. The present is the age of flounces. 1827.

Flounder

FLOUN'DER, noun [Swedish flundra; German flÃƒ-¼nder.] A flat fish of the genus Pleuronectes.

Flounder

FLOUN'DER, verb intransitive [This seems to be allied to flaunt and flounce.] To fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to struggle as a horse in the mire; to roll, toss and tumble.

Pope.

Floundering

FLOUN'DERING, participle of the present tense Making irregular motions; struggling with violence.

Flour

FLOUR, noun [originally flower; French fleur; Spanish flor; Italian fiore; Latin flos, floris, from floreo, to flourish.] The edible part of corn; meal.

Johnson. In the United States, the modern practice is to make a distinction between flour and meal; the word flour being more usually applied to the finer part of meal, separated from the bran, as wheat flour, rye flour. This is a just and useful distinction.

Flour

FLOUR, verb transitive [Spanish florear.] To grind and bolt; to convert into flour. Wheat used formerly to be sent to market; but now great quantities of it are floured in the interior country.

2. To sprinkle with flour.

Floured

FLOUR'ED, participle passive Converted into flour; sprinkled with flour.

Flouring

FLOUR'ING, participle of the present tense Converting into flour; sprinkling with flour.

Flourish

FLOURISH, v. i. flur'ish. [Latin floresco, from floreo; French fleurir, fleurissant; Spanish florear; Italian fiorire. The primary sense is to open, expand, enlarge, or to shoot out, as in glory, Latin ploro, or in other words in Lr.]

1. To thrive; to grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant. The beech and the maple flourish best in a deep, rich and moist loam.

2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth or honor. Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of their wickedness.

Nelson. When all the workers of iniquity do flourish. Psalm 92.

3. To grow in grace and in good works; to abound in the consolations of religion. The righteous shall flourish like the palmtree. Psalm 92.

4. To be in a prosperous state; to grow or be augmented. We say agriculture flourishes, commerce flourishes, manufactures flourish.

5. To use florid language; to make a display of figures and lofty expressions; to be copious and flowery. They dilate and flourish long on little incidents.

Watts.

6. To make bold strokes in writing; to make large and irregular lines; as, to flourish with the pen.

7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures. Impetuous spread The stream, and smoking, flourished o'er his head.

Pope.

8. In music, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without settled form; as, to flourish on an organ or violin.

9. To boast; to vaunt; to brag.

Flourish

FLOURISH, v. t. flur'ish. To adorn with flowers or beautiful figures, either natural or artificial; to ornament with any thing showy.

2. To spread out; to enlarge into figures.

Bacon.

3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to move in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish; as, to flourish a sword.

4. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade of words.

Collier.

5. To adorn; to embellish.

Shak.

6. To mark with a flourish or irregular stroke. The day book and inventory book shall be flourished.

French Com. Code. Walsh.

Flourish

FLOURISH, n. flur'ish. Beauty; showy splendor. The flourish of his sober youth. Crashaw.

2. Ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of words and figures; show; as a flourish of rhetoric; a flourish of wit. He lards with flourishes his long harangue.

Dryden.

3. Figures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fanciful strokes of the pen or graver; as the flourishes about a great letter.

More.

4. A brandishing; the waving of a weapon or other thing; as the flourish of a sword.

Flourished

FLOURISHED, pp. flur'ished. Embellished; adorned with bold and irregular figures or lines; brandished.

Flourisher

FLOURISHER, n. flur'isher. One who flourishes; one who thrives or prospers.

2. One who brandishes.

3. One who adorns with fanciful figures.

Flourishing

FLOURISHING, participle of the present tense or a. flur'ishing. Thriving; prosperous; increasing; making a show.

Flourishingly

FLOURISHINGLY, adv. flur'ishingly. With flourishes; ostentatiously.

Flout

FLOUT, verb transitive [Scot. flyte, to scold or brawl; Saxon flitan.] To mock or insult; to treat with contempt. Phillida flouts me.

Walton. He flouted us downright. Shak.

Flout

FLOUT, verb intransitive To practice mocking; to sheer; to behave with contempt. Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.

Shak.

Flout

FLOUT, noun A mock; an insult.

Flouted

FLOUT'ED, participle passive Mocked; treated with contempt.

Flouter

FLOUT'ER, noun One who flouts and flings; a mocker.

Flouting

FLOUT'ING, participle of the present tense Mocking; insulting; fleering.

Floutingly

FLOUT'INGLY, adverb With flouting; insultingly.

Flow

FLOW, verb intransitive [Saxon flowan; Dutch vloeijen. If the last radical was originally a dental, this word coincides with the Dutch vlieten, German fliessen, Swedish flyta, Danish flyder, to flow. If g was the last radical, flow coincides with the Latin fluo, contracted from fugo, for it forms fluxi, fluctum. In one case, the word would agree with the root of blow, Latin flo; in the other, with the root of fly.]

1. To move along an inclined plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of gravity, and with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid. A solid body descends or moves in mass, as a ball or a wheel; but in the flowing of liquid substances, and others consisting of very fine particles, there is a constant change of the relative position of some parts of the substance, as is the case with a stream of water, of quicksilver, and of sand. Particles at the bottom and sides of the stream, being somewhat checked by friction, move slower than those in the middle and near the surface of the current. Rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from the eyes.

2. To melt; to become liquid. That the mountains might flow down at thy presence. Isaiah 64.

3. To proceed; to issue. Evils flow from different sources. Wealth flows from industry and economy. All our blessings flow from divine bounty.

4. To abound; to have in abundance. In that day the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk. Joel 3.

5. To be full; to be copious; as flowing cups or goblets.

6. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperity; as a flowing period; flowing numbers.

7. To be smooth, as composition or utterance. The orator has a flowing tongue. Virgil is sweet and flowing in his hexameters.

Dryden.

8. To hang loose and waving; as a flowing mantle; flowing locks. The imperial purple flowing in his train.

Federalist, Hamilton.

9. To rise, as the tide; opposed to ebb. The tide flows twice in twenty four hours.

10. To move in the arteries and veins of the body; to circulate, as blood.

11. To issue, as rays or beams of light. Light flows from the sun.

12. To move in a stream, as air.

Flow

FLOW, verb transitive To cover with water; to overflow; to inundate. The low grounds along the river are annually flowed.

Flow

FLOW, noun A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as a flow of water; a flow of blood.

2. A current of water with a swell or rise; as the flow and ebb of tides.

3. A stream of any thing; as a flow of wealth into the country.

4. Abundance; copiousness with action; as a flow of spirits.

5. A stream of diction, denoting abundance of words at command and facility of speaking; volubility.

6. Free expression or communication of generous feelings and sentiments. The feast of reason, and the flow of soul.

Flowed

FLOWED, participle passive Overflowed; inundated.

Flower

FLOW'ER, noun [French fleur; Spanish flor; Italian fiore Basque, lora; Welsh flur, bloom; fluraw, to bloom, to be bright; Latin flos, floris, a flower; floreo, to blossom. See Flourish.]

1. In botany, that part of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with their coverings. A flower, when complete, consists of a calyx, corol, stamen and pistil; but the essential parts are the anther and stigma, which are sufficient to constitute a flower, either together in hermaphrodite flowers, or separate in male and female flowers.

Martyn. Milne.

2. In vulgar acceptation, a blossom or flower is the flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are expanded; operr petals being considered as the principal thing in constituting a flower. But in botany, the petals are now considered as a finer sort of covering, and not at all necessary to constitute a flower.

Milne.

3. The early part of life, or rather of manhood; the prime; youthful vigor; youth; as the flower of age or of life.

4. The best or finest part of a thing; the most valuable part. The most active and vigorous part of an army are called the flower of the troops. Young, vigorous and brave men are called the flower of a nation.

Addison.

5. The finest part; the essence. The choice and flower of all things profitable the Psalms do more briefly contain.

Hooker.

6. He or that which is most distinguished for any thing valuable. We say, the youth are the flower of the country.

7. The finest part of grain pulverized. In this sense, it is now always written flour, which see.

Flowers, in chimistry, fine particles of bodies, especially when raised by fire in sublimation, and adhering to the heads of vessels in the form of a powder or mealy substance; as the flowers of sulphur.

Encyc. A substance, somewhat similar, formed spontaneously, is called efflorescence.

2. In rhetoric, figures and ornaments of discourse or composition.

3. Menstrual discharges.

Flower

FLOW'ER, verb intransitive [from the Noun. The corresponding word in Latin is floreo, French fleurir, Italian florire, Spanish Portugese florecer, Welsh fluraw.]

1. To blossom; to bloom; to expand the petals, as a plant. In New England, peachtrees usually flower in April, and apple-trees in May.

2. To be in the prime and spring of life; to flourish; to be youthful, fresh and vigorous. When flowered my youthful spring.

Spenser.

3. To froth; to ferment gently; to mantle, as new beer. The beer did flower a little.

Bacon.

4. To come as cream from the surface.

Milton.

Flower

FLOW'ER, verb transitive To embellish with figures of flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers.

Flower-De-Lis

FLOW'ER-DE-LIS, noun [French fleur de lis, flower of the lily.]

1. In heraldry, a bearing representing a lily, the hieroglyphic of royal majesty.

Encyc.

2. In botany, the Iris, a genus of monogynian trianders, called also flag-flower, and often written incorrectly flower-de-luce. The species are numerous.

Flowered

FLOW'ERED, participle passive Embellished with figures of flowers.

Floweret

FLOW'ERET, noun [French fleurette.] A small flower; a floret.

Shak. Milton. Dryden.

[In botany, floret is solely used.]

Flower-Fence

FLOW'ER-FENCE, noun The name of certain plants. The flower-fence of Barbadoes is of the genus Poinciana. The bastard flower-fence is the Adenanthera.

Fam. of Plants.

Flower-Garden

FLOW'ER-G`ARDEN, noun A garden in which flowers are chiefly cultivated.

Flower-Gentle

FLOW'ER-GENTLE, noun A plant, the amaranth.

Floweriness

FLOW'ERINESS, noun [from flowery.] The state of being flowery, or of abounding with flowers.

2. Floridness of speech; abundance of figures.

Flowering

FLOW'ERING, participle of the present tense Blossoming; blooming; expanding the petals, as plants.

2. Adorning with artificial flowers, or figures of blossoms.

Flowering

FLOW'ERING, noun The season when plants blossom.

2. The act of adorning with flowers.

Flower-Inwoven

FLOWER-INWO'VEN, adjective Adorned with flowers.

Milton.

Flower-Kirtled

FLOW'ER-KIRTLED, adjective Dressed with garlands of flowers.

Milton.

Flowerless

FLOW'ERLESS, adjective Having no flower.

Chaucer.

Flower-Stalk

FLOW'ER-STALK, noun In botany, the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that supports the flower or fructification.

Flowery

FLOW'ERY, adjective Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms; as a flowery field.

Milton.

2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the figures of blossoms.

3. Richly embellished with figurative language; florid; as a flowery style.

Flowing

FLOWING, participle of the present tense Moving as a fluid; issuing; proceeding; abounding; smooth, as style; inundating.

Flowing

FLOWING, noun The act of running or moving as a fluid; an issuing; an overflowing; rise of water.

Flowingly

FLOWINGLY, adverb With volubility; with abundance.

Flowingness

FLOWINGNESS, noun Smoothness of diction; stream of diction.

Nichols.

Flowk

FLOWK, or FLUKE, noun [Saxon floc.] A flounder.

Carew.

Flown

FLOWN, had fled, in the following phrases, is not good English.

Was reason flown.

Prior. Sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.

Milton. In the former passage, flown is used as the participle of fly or flee, both intransitive verbs, and the phrase should have been, had reason flown or fled. In the latter passage, flown is used for blown, inflated, but most improperly. Flown is the participle of the perfect or past tense of fly, but cannot regularly be used in a passive sense.

Fluate

FLU'ATE, noun [from fluor, which see.] In chimistry, a salt formed by the fluoric acid combined with a base; as fluate of alumin, or of soda.

Fluctuant

FLUC'TUANT, adjective [Latin fluctuans. See Fluctuate.] Moving like a wave; wavering; unsteady.

L'Estrange.

Fluctuate

FLUC'TUATE, verb intransitive [Latin fluctuo, from fluctus, a wave, from fluo, to flow.]

1. To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; as a fluctuating field of air.

Blackmore.

2. To float backward and forward, as on waves.

3. To move now in one direction and now in another; to be wavering or unsteady. Public opinion often fluctuates. Men often fluctuate between different parties and opinions. Hence,

4. To be irresolute or undetermined.

5. To rise and fall; to be in an unsettled state; to experience sudden vicissitudes. The funds or the prices of stocks fluctuate with the events of the day.

Fluctuating

FLUC'TUATING, participle of the present tense Wavering; rolling as a wave; moving in this and that direction; rising and falling.

2. adjective Unsteady; wavering; changeable. We have little confidence in fluctuating opinions.

Fluctuation

FLUCTUA'TION, noun [Latin fluctuatio.] A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; as the fluctuations of the sea.

2. A wavering; unsteadiness; as fluctuations of opinion.

3. A rising and falling suddenly; as fluctuations of prices or of the funds.

Fluder

FLUD'ER, or FLUD'DER, noun An aquatic fowl of the diver kind, nearly as large as a goose.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Flue

FLUE, noun [probably contracted from flume, Latin flumen, from fluo.] A passage for smoke in a chimney, leading from the fireplace to the top of the chimney, or into another passage; as a chimney with four flues.

Flue

FLUE, noun [German flaum; Latin pluma.] Soft down or fur; very fine hair. [Local.]

Tooke.

Fluellen

FLUEL'LEN, noun The female speedwell, a plant of the genus Antirrhinum, or snapdragon.

Fluence

FLUENCE, for fluency, is not used.

Fluency

FLU'ENCY, noun [Latin fluens, from fluo, to flow.]

1. The quality of flowing, applied to speech or language; smoothness; freedom from harshness; as fluency of numbers.

2. Readiness of utterance; facility of words; volubility; as fluency of speech; a speaker of remarkable fluency.

3. Affluence; abundance. Obs.

Sandys.

Fluent

FLU'ENT, adjective [See Fluency.] Liquid; flowing.

Bacon.

2. Flowing; passing. Motion being a fluent thing.

Ray.

3. Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; having words at command and uttering them with facility and smoothness; as a fluent speaker.

4. Flowing; voluble; smooth; as fluent speech.

Fluent

FLU'ENT, noun A stream; a current of water. [Little used.]

Philips.

2. The variable or flowing quantity in fluxions.

Berkeley.

Fluently

FLU'ENTLY, adverb With ready flow; volubly; without hesitation or obstruction; as, to speak fluently.

Flugelman

FLU'GELMAN, noun [German from flÃƒ-¼gel, a wing.] In German, the leader of a file. But with us, a soldier who stands on the wing of a body of men, and marks time for the motions.

Fluid

FLU'ID, adjective [Latin fluidus, from fluo, to flow.] Having parts which easily move and change their relative position without separation, and which easily yield to pressure; that may flow; liquid. Water, spirit, air, are fluid substances. All bodies may be rendered fluid by heat or caloric.

Fluid

FLU'ID, noun Any substance whose parts easily move and change their relative position without separation, and which yields to the slightest pressure; a substance which flows, or which moves spontaneously on a plane with the least inclination; a liquid; liquor; opposed to a solid. Water, blood, chyle, are fluids.

Fluidity

FLUID'ITY, noun The quality of being capable of flowing; that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to the slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or change their relative position without a separation of the mass; a liquid state; opposed to solidity. Fluidity is the effect of heat.

Fluidness

FLU'IDNESS, noun The state of being fluid; fluidity, which see.

Fluke

FLUKE, noun [supposed to be Dutch ploeg, German pflug, a plow.] The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground.

Fluke

FLUKE, or FLOWK, noun A flounder.

Fluke-Worm

FLU'KE-WORM, noun The gourd-worm, a species of Fasciola.

Flume

FLUME, noun [Saxon flum, a stream; Latin flumen, from fluo, to flow.] Literally, a flowing; hence, the passage or channel for the water that drives a mill-wheel.

Flummery

FLUM'MERY, noun [Welsh llymry, from llymyr, harsh, raw, crude, from llym, sharp, severe. In Welsh, a kind of food made of oatmeal steeped in water, until it has turned sour. See Lumber.]

1. A sort of jelly made of flour or meal; pap. Milk and flummery are very fit for children.

Locke.

2. In vulgar use, any thing insipid or nothing to the purpose; flattery.

Flung

FLUNG, preterit tense and participle passive of fling. Several statues the Romans themselves flung into the river.

Addison.

Fluoborate

FLUOBO'RATE, noun A compound of fluoboric acid with a base.

Fluoboric

FLUOBO'RIC, adjective The fluborio acid or gas is a compound of fluorine and boron.

Davy.

Fluor

FLU'OR, noun [Low Latin from fluo, to flow.]

1. A fluid state.

Newton.

2. Menstrual flux. [Little used in either sense.]

3. In mineralogy, fluate of lime. Fluor spar is the foliated fluate of lime. This mineral, though sometimes massive, is almost always regularly crystalized. Its crystals present most frequently the form of a cube, often perfect, sometimes truncated on all its edges by planes, which form with the sides of the cube an angle of 135Ã‚-°. The colors are very numerous and beautiful. The fluate of lime, fluor, was so named from its use as a flux for certain ores.

Cleaveland.

Fluor-Acid

FLU'OR-ACID, noun The acid of fluor.

Fluorated

FLU'ORATED, adjective Combined with fluoric acid.

Fluoric

FLUOR'IC, adjective Pertaining to fluor; obtained from fluor; as fluoric acid.

Fluorin

FLU'ORIN, or FLU'ORINE, noun The supposed basis of fluoric acid.

Davy.

Fluorous

FLU'OROUS, adjective The fluorous acid is the acid of fluor in its first degree of oxygenation.

Lavoisier.

Fluosilicate

FLUOSIL'ICATE, noun [fluor and silex or silica.] In chimistry, a compound of fluoric acid, containing silex, with some other substance.

Silliman.

Fluosilicic

FLUOSILIC'IC, adjective Composed of or containing fluoric acid with silex.

Flurry

FLUR'RY, noun A sudden blast or gust, or a light temporary breeze; as a flurry of wind. It is never with us applied to a storm of duration.

2. A sudden shower of short duration; as a flurry of snow.

3. Agitation; commotion; bustle; hurry.

Flurry

FLUR'RY, verb transitive To put in agitation; to excite or alarm.

Swinburne.

Flush

FLUSH, verb intransitive [German fliessen, imperf. floss, to flow; Dutch vlieten, in a different dialect. It coincides in elements with blush, blaze and flash.]

1. To flow and spread suddenly; to rush; as, blood flushes into the face.

2. To come in haste; to start.

B. Jonson.

3. To appear suddenly, as redness or a blush. A blush rose on their cheeks,

Flushing and fading like the changeful play Of colors on a dolphin.

Percival.

4. To become suddenly red; to glow; as, the cheeks flush.

5. To be gay, splendid or beautiful. At once, arrayed In all the colors of the flushing year, The garden glows.

Thomson.

Flush

FLUSH, verb transitive To redden suddenly; to cause the blood to rush suddenly into the face. Nor flush with shame the passing virgin's cheek.

Gay.

2. To elate; to elevate; to excite the spirits; to animate with joy; as, to flush with victory.

Flush

FLUSH, adjective Fresh; full of vigor; glowing; bright.

Flush as May.

Shak.

2. Affluent; abounding; well furnished. Lord Strut was not very flush in ready.

Arbuthnot.

3. Free to spend; liberal; prodigal. He is very flush with his money. This is a popular use of the word in America. A flush deck, in seamen's language, is a deck without a half-deck or forecastle. [Qu. Russian ploskei, flat. The sense of spreading naturally results from that of flowing.]

Flush

FLUSH, noun A sudden flow of blood to the face; or more generally, the redness of face which proceeds from such an afflux of blood. Hectic constitutions are often known by a frequent flush in the cheeks.

2. Sudden impulse or excitement; sudden glow; as a flush of joy.

3. Bloom; growth; abundance.

Goldsmith.

4. [French Spanish flux.] A run of cards of the same suit.

5. A term for a number of ducks.

Spenser.

Flushed

FLUSH'ED, participle passive Overspread or tinged with a red color from the flowing of blood to the face. We say, the skin, face or cheek is flushed.

2. Elated; excited; animated; as flushed with joy or success.

Flusher

FLUSH'ER, noun The lesser butcher-bird.

Chambers.

Flushing

FLUSH'ING, participle of the present tense Overspreading with red; glowing.

Flushing

FLUSH'ING, noun A glow of red in the face.

Fluster

FLUS'TER, verb transitive To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to heat; to hurry; to agitate; to confuse.

Swift.

Fluster

FLUS'TER, verb intransitive To be in a heat or bustle; to be agitated.

Fluster

FLUS'TER, noun Heat; glow; agitation; confusion; disorder.

Flustered

FLUS'TERED, participle passive Heated with liquor; agitated; confused.

Flute

FLUTE, noun [French flÃƒ-»te; Armoric fleut; Dutch fluit; German flÃƒ-¶te; Danish flÃƒ-¶jte; Spanish flauta; Portugese frauta; Italian flauto; Latin flo, flatus, to blow, or Latin fluta, a lamprey, with the same number of holes.]

1. A small wind instrument; a pipe with lateral holes or stops, played by blowing with the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with the fingers.

2. A channel in a column or pillar; a perpendicular furrow or cavity, cut along the shaft of a column or pilaster; so called from its resemblance to a flute. It is used chiefly in the Ionic order; sometimes in the Composite and Corinthian; rarely in the Doric and Tuscan. It is called also a reed.

Encyc.

3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs or floor timbers, round behind, and swelled in the middle; a different orthography of float, flota.

Encyc.

Armed in flute. An armed ship, with her guns of the lower tier and part of those of the upper tier removed, used as a transport, is said to be armed in flute.

Lunier.

Flute

FLUTE, verb intransitive To play on a flute.

Chaucer.

Flute

FLUTE, verb transitive To form flutes or channels in a column.

Fluted

FLU'TED, participle passive or adjective Channeled; furrowed; as a column.

2. In music, thin; fine; flutelike; as fluted notes.

Busby.

Fluting

FLU'TING, participle of the present tense Channeling; cutting furrows; as in a column.

Fluting

FLU'TING, noun A channel or furrow in a column; fluted work.

Flutist

FLU'TIST, noun A performer on the flute.

Busby.

Flutter

FLUT'TER, verb intransitive [Saxon floteran; Dutch flodderen; German flattern. Qu. French flotter, to waver, from flot, a wave. It is possible that the word is contracted.]

1. To move or flap the wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights; to hover. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wingsÃ‚--Deuteronomy 32.

2. To move about briskly, irregularly or with great bustle and show, without consequence. No rag, no scrap of all the beau or wit, That once so fluttered, and that once so writ.

Pope.

3. To move with quick vibrations or undulations; as a fluttering fan; a fluttering sail.

Pope.

4. To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to fluctuate; to be in uncertainty. How long we fluttered on the wings of doubtful success.

Howell. His thoughts are very fluttering and wandering. Watts.

Flutter

FLUT'TER, verb transitive To drive in disorder. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To hurry the mind; to agitate.

3. To disorder; to throw into confusion.

Flutter

FLUT'TER, noun Quick and irregular motion; vibration; undulation; as the flutter of a fan.

Addison.

2. Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind.

3. Confusion; disorder; irregularity in position.

Fluttered

FLUT'TERED, participle passive Agitated; confused; disordered.

Fluttering

FLUT'TERING, participle of the present tense Flapping the wings without flight or with short flights; hovering; fluctuating; agitating; throwing into confusion.

Fluttering

FLUT'TERING, noun The act of hovering, or flapping the wings without flight; a wavering; agitation.

Fluviatic

FLUVIAT'IC, or FLU'VIAL, adjective [Latin fluviaticus, from fluvius, a river; fluo, to flow.] Belonging to rivers; growing or living in streams or ponds; as a fluviatic plant.

Fluviatile

FLU'VIATILE, adjective [Latin fluviatilis.] Belonging to rivers.

Kirwan.

[Fluviatic is the preferable word.]

Flux

FLUX, noun [Latin fluxus; Spanish fluxo; French flux; Italian flusso; from Latin fluo, fluxi.]

1. The act of flowing; the motion or passing of a fluid.

2. The moving or passing of any thing in continued succession. Things in this life, are in a continual flux.

3. Any flow or issue of matter. In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacuation from the bowels or other part; as the bloody flux or dysentery, hepatic flux, &c.

4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide. The ebb is called reflux.

5. In metallurgy, any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, tartar and other saline matter, or in large operations limestone or fluor. Alkaline fluxes are either the crude, the white or the black flux.

Nicholson. Encyc.

6. Fusion; a liquid state from the operation of heat.

Encyc.

7. That which flows or is discharged.

8. Concourse; confluence. [Little used.]

Shak.

Flux

FLUX, adjective Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant succession of parts; inconstant; variable. [Not well authorized.]

Flux

FLUX, verb transitive To melt; to fuse; to make fluid. One part of mineral alkali will flux two of siliceous earth with effervescence.

Kirwan.

2. To salivate. [Little used.]

South.

Fluxation

FLUXA'TION, noun A flowing or passing away, and giving place to others.

Leslie.

Fluxed

FLUX'ED, participle passive Melted; fused; reduced to a flowing state.

Fluxibility

FLUXIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of admitting fusion.

Fluxible

FLUX'IBLE, adjective [from Low Latin] Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral.

Fluxility

FLUXIL'ITY, noun [Low Latin fluxilis.] The quality of admitting fusion; possibility of being fused or liquified.

Boyle.

Fluxion

FLUX'ION, noun [Latin fluxio, from fluo, to flow.]

1. The act of flowing.

2. The matter that flows.

Wiseman.

3. Fluxions, in mathematics, the analysis of infinitely small variable quantities, or a method of finding an infinitely small quantity, which being taken an infinite number of times, becomes equal to a quantity given.

Harris. In fluxions, magnitudes are supposed to be generated by motion; a line by the motion of a point, a surface by the motion of of a line, and a solid by the motion of a surface. And some part of a figure is supposed to be generated by a uniform motion, in consequence of which the other parts may increase uniformly, or with an accelerated or retarded motion, or may decrease in any of these ways, and the computations are made by tracing the comparative velocities with which the parts flow. Encyc. A fluxion is an infinitely small quantity, an increment; the infinitely small increase of the fluent or flowing quantity.

Bailey.

Fluxionary

FLUX'IONARY, adjective Pertaining to mathematical fluxions.

Fluxionist

FLUX'IONIST, noun One skilled in fluxions.

Berkeley.

Fluxive

FLUX'IVE, adjective Flowing; wanting solidity. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Fluxure

FLUX'URE, noun A flowing or fluid matter. [Not used.]

Drayton.

Fly

FLY, verb intransitive pret. flew; part. flown. [Saxon fleogan; German fliegen; Dutch vliegen; Swedish flyga; Danish flyver. In Saxon, the same verb signifies to fly and to flee; in German, different words are used.]

1. To move through air by the aid of wings, as fowls.

2. To pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse; as, clouds and vapors fly before the wind. A ball flies from a cannon, an arrow from a bow.

3. To rise in air, as light substances, by means of a current of air or by having less specific gravity than air, as smoke. Man is born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward. Job 5.

4. To move or pass with velocity or celerity, either on land or water. He flew to the relief of his distressed friend. The ship flies upon the main.

5. To move rapidly, in any manner; as, a top flies about.

6. To pass away; to depart; with the idea of haste, swiftness or escape. The bird has flown.

7. To pass rapidly, as time. Swift fly the fleeting hours.

8. To part suddenly or with violence; to burst, as a bottle.

Swift.

9. To spring by an elastic force.

10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report.

11. To flee; to run away; to attempt to escape; to escape. I'll fly from shepherds, flocks, and flowery plains.

Pope.

12. To flutter; to vibrate or play; as a flag in the wind.

To fly at, to spring towards; to rush on; to fall on suddenly. A hen flies at a dog or cat; a dog flies at a man.

To fly in the face, to insult.

2. To assail; to resist; to set at defiance; to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition.

To fly off, to separate or depart suddenly.

2. To revolt.

To fly open, to open suddenly or with violence; as, the doors flew open.

To fly out, to rush out; also, to burst into a passion.

2. To break out into licence.

3. To start or issue with violence from any direction.

To let fly, to discharge; to throw or drive with violence; as, to let fly a shower of darts.

2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly. Let fly the sheets.

Fly

FLY, verb transitive [This is used for flee, and from is understood after fly, so that it can hardly be called a transitive verb.]

1. To shun; to avoid; to decline; as, to fly the sight of one we hate. That is, primarily, to flee from. Sleep flies the wretch.

Dryden.

2. To quit by flight.

3. To attack by a bird of prey. [Not used.]

Bacon.

4. To cause to float in the air.

Fly

FLY, noun [Saxon fleoge; Swedish fluga; Danish flue; German fliege; Dutch vlieg; from the verb, fleogan, to fly.]

1. In zoology, a winged insect of various species, whose distinguishing characteristic is that the wings are transparent. By this flies are distinguished from beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, &c. Of flies, some have two wings and others four.

Encyc. In common language, fly is the house fly, of the genus Musca.

2. In mechanics, a cross with leaden weights at the ends, or a heavy wheel at right angles with the axis of a windlass, jack or the like. The use of this is, to regulate and equalize the motion in all parts of the revolution of the machine.

Encyc.

3. That part of a vane which points and shows which way the wind blows.

4. The extent of an ensign, flag or pendant from the staff to the end that flutters loose in the wind.

Mar. Dict.

Flybane

FLY'BANE, noun A plant called catch-fly, of the genus Silene.

Flybitten

FLYBITTEN, adjective Marked by the bite of flies.

Shak.

Flyblow

FLYBLOW, verb transitive To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly; to taint with the eggs which produce maggots. Like a flyblown cake of tallow.

Swift.

Flyblow

FLYBLOW, noun The egg of a fly.

Flyboat

FLYBOAT, noun A large flat-bottomed Dutch vessel, whose burden is from 600 to 1200 tons, with a stern remarkably high, resembling a Gothic turret, and very broad buttocks below.

Encyc.

Flycatcher

FLYCATCHER, noun One that hunts flies.

2. In zoology, a genus of birds, the Muscicapa, with a bill flatted at the base, almost triangular, notched at the upper mandible, and beset with bristles. These birds are of the order of Passers, and the species are very numerous.

Encyc.

Flyer

FLYER, noun One that flies or flees; usually written flier.

2. One that uses wings.

3. The fly of a jack.

4. In architecture, stairs that do not wind, but are made of an oblong square figure, and whose fore and back sides are parallel to each other, and so are their ends. The second of these flyers stands parallel behind the first, the third behind the second, and so are said to fly off from one another.

Moxon.

5. A performer in Mexico, who flies round an elevated post.

Flyfish

FLYFISH, verb intransitive To angle with flies for bait.

Flyfishing

FLYFISHING, noun Angling; the art or practice of angling for fish with flies, natural or artificial, for bait.

Walton.

Flyflap

FLYFLAP, noun Something to drive away flies.

Congreve.

Fly-Honeysuckle

FLY-HONEYSUCKLE, noun A plant, the Lonicera. The African fly-honeysuckle is the Halleria.

Fam. of Plants.

Flying

FLYING, participle of the present tense Moving in air by means of wings; passing rapidly; springing; bursting; avoiding.

2. adjective Floating; waving; as flying colors.

3. adjective Moving; light, and suited for prompt motion; as a flying camp.

Flying colors, a phrase expressing triumph.

Flying-Bridge

FLYING-BRIDGE, noun A bridge of pontoons; also, a bridge composed of two boats.

Flying-Fish

FLYING-FISH, noun A small fish which flies by means of its pectoral fins. It is of the genus Exocoetus.

Flying-Party

FLYING-PARTY, noun In military affairs, a detachment of men employed to hover about an enemy.

Flying-Pinion

FLYING-PINION, noun The part of a clock, having a fly or fan, by which it gathers air, and checks the rapidity of the clock's motion, when the weight descends in the striking part.

Encyc.

Flytrap

FLYTRAP, noun In botany, a species of sensitive plant, called Venus' Fly-trap, the Dionoea Muscipula; a plant that has the power of seizing insects that light on it.

Encyc.

Flytree

FLYTREE, noun A tree whose leaves are said to produce flies, from a little bag on the surface.

Encyc.

Foal

FOAL, noun [Saxon fola, fole; German fÃƒ-¼llen; Dutch veulen; Danish fÃƒ-¶l; Swedish fÃƒ-¥la; French poulain; Armoric poull, pull or heubeul; Welsh ebawl; Cornish ebol; Latin pullus; Greek; Chaldee; Arabic to rise or to set as the sun, to bear young, and pullus. The primary sense of the verb is to shoot, to cast or throw, to fall. The same verb in Hebrew and Chaldee signifies to unite, to fasten; in Syriac to foul, to defile; both senses from that of putting or throwing on. The verb belongs probably to the root of fall and foul, that is with a different prefix.

Foal is literally a shoot, issue, or that which is cast, or which falls.] The young of the equine genus of quadrupeds, and of either sex; a colt; a filly.

Foal

FOAL, verb transitive To bring forth a colt or filly; to bring forth young, as a mare or a she-ass.

Foal

FOAL, verb intransitive To bring forth young, as a mare and certain other beasts.

Foalbit

FOALBIT, noun A plant.

Foalfoot

FOALFOOT, noun The colt's-foot, Tussilago.

Foam

FOAM, noun [Saxon foem, fam, German faum, foam; Latin fumo, to smoke, to foam.] Froth; spume; the substance which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles.

Foam

FOAM, verb intransitive To froth; to gather foam. The billows foam. A horse foams at the mouth, when violently heated.

2. To be in a rage; to be violently agitated. He foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth. Mark 9.

Foam

FOAM, verb transitive To throw out with rage or violence; with out.

Foaming out their own shame. Jude 13.

Foaming

FOAMING, participle of the present tense Frothing; fuming.

Foamingly

FOAMINGLY, adverb Frothily.

Foamy

FOAMY, adjective Covered with foam; frothy. Behold how high the foamy billows ride!

Dryden.

Fob

FOB, noun [Qu. German fuppe. I have not found the word.] A little pocket for a watch.

Fob

FOB, verb transitive [German foppen.] To cheat; to trick; to impose on.

To fob off, to shift off by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a trick. [A low word.]

Shak.

Fobbed

FOB'BED, participle passive Cheated; imposed on.

Fobbing

FOB'BING, participle of the present tense Cheating; imposing on.

Focal

FO'CAL, adjective [from Latin focus.] Belonging to a focus; as a focal point; focal distance.

Focil

FO'CIL, noun [French focile.] The greater focil is the ulna or tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser focil is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the forearm or leg.

Coxe. Wiseman.

Focus

FO'CUS, noun plu. focuses, or foci. [Latin focus, a fire, the hearth; Spanish fuego; Portugese fogo; Italian fuoco; French feu; Armoric fo.]

1. In optics, a point in which any number of rays of light meet, after being reflected or refracted; as the focus of a lens.

Encyc. Newton.

2. In geometry and conic sections, a certain point in the parabola, ellipsis and hyperbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these curves, concur or meet.

Encyc. The focus of an ellipsis, is a point towards each end of the longer axis, from which two right lines drawn to any point in the circumference, shall together be equal to the longer axis. Harris. The focus of a parabola, is a point in the axis within the figure, and distant from the vertex by the fourth part of the parameter. Harris. The focus of a hyperbola, is a point in the principal axis, within the opposite hyperbolas, from which if any two lines are drawn, meeting in either of the opposite hyperbolas, the difference will be equal to the principal axis. Dict.

3. A central point; point of concentration.

Fodder

FOD'DER, noun [Saxon foddor, or fother; German futter; Dutch voeder; Danish foeder; Swedish foder; from the root of feed, the sense of which is to thrust in, to stuff. Hence in German, futter is a lining as well as fodder.]

1. Food or dry food for cattle, horses and sheep, as hay, straw and other kinds of vegetables. The word is never applied to pasture.

2. In mining, a measure containing 20 hundred, or 22 1/2 hundred.

Encyc.

Fodder

FOD'DER, verb transitive To feed with dry food, or cut grass, &c.; to furnish with hay, straw, oats, &c. Farmers fodder their cattle twice or thrice in a day.

Foddered

FOD'DERED, participle passive Fed with dry food, or cut grass, &c.; as, to fodder cows.

Fodderer

FOD'DERER, noun He who fodders cattle.

Foddering

FOD'DERING, participle of the present tense Feeding with dry food, &c.

Fodient

FO'DIENT, adjective [Latin fodio, to dig.] digging; throwing up with a spade. [Little used.]

Foe

FOE, n. fo. [Saxon fah, from fean, feon, figan, to hate; the participle is used in the other Teutonic dialects. See Fiend.]

1. An enemy; one who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another. A man's foes shall be they of his own house-hold. Matthew 10.

2. An enemy in war; one of a nation at war with another, whether he entertains enmity against the opposing nation or not; an adversary. Either three years famine, or three months to be destroyed before thy foes. 1 Chronicles 21.

3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used to denote an opposing army, or nation at war.

4. An opponent; an enemy; one who opposes any thing in principle; an ill-wisher; as a foe to religion; a foe to virtue; a foe to the measures of the administration.

Foe

FOE, verb transitive To treat as an enemy. Obs.

Spenser.

Foehood

FOEHOOD, noun Enmity. [Not in use.]

Bedell.

Foelike

FOELIKE, adjective Like an enemy.

Sandys.

Foeman

FOEMAN, noun An enemy in war. Obs.

Spenser.

Foetus

FOETUS, [See Fetus.]

Fog

FOG, noun [In Spanish vaho is steam; vahar, to exhale. In Italian, sfogo is exhalation; sfogare, to exhale. In Scot. fog is moss. In Italian, affogare is to suffocate, Spanish ahocar. The sense probably is thick or that which it exhaled.]

1. A dense watery vapor, exhaled from the earth, or from rivers and lakes, or generated in the atmosphere near the earth. It differs from mist, which is rain in very small drops.

2. A cloud of dust or smoke.

Fog

FOG, noun [Welsh fwg, long dry grass. Johnson quotes a forest law of Scotland, which mentions fogagium. It may be allied to Scot. fog, moss.] After-grass; a second growth of grass; but it signifies also long grass that remains on land. Dead grass, remaining on land during winter, is called in New England, the old tore.

Fogbank

FOG'BANK, noun At sea, an appearance in hazy weather sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which vanishes as it is approached.

Mar. Dict.

Foggage

FOG'GAGE, noun Rank grass not consumed or mowed in summer.

Encyc.

Fogginess

FOG'GINESS, noun [from foggy.] The state of being foggy; a state of the air filled with watery exhalations.

Foggy

FOG'GY, adjective [from fog.] Filled or abounding with fog or watery exhalations; as a foggy atmosphere; a foggy morning.

2. Cloudy; misty; damp with humid vapors.

3. Producing frequent fogs; as a foggy climate.

4. Dull; stupid; clouded in understanding.

Johnson.

Foh

FOH, an exclamation of abhorrence or contempt, the same as poh and fy.

Foible

FOI'BLE, adjective Weak. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Foible

FOI'BLE, noun [French foible, weak. See Feeble.] A particular moral weakness; a failing. When we speak of a man's foible, in the singular, which is also called his weak side, we refer to a predominant failing. We use also the plural, foibles, to denote moral failings or defects. It is wise in every man to know his own foibles.

Foil

FOIL, verb transitive [In Norm. afolee is rendered crippled; and afoula, damaged, wasted. If the primary or true literal sense is, to blunt, this word may be from the same root as fool; if, to render vain, it would naturally be allied to fail.]

1. To frustrate; to defeat; to render vain or nugatory, as an effort or attempt. The enemy attempted to pass the river, but was foiled. He foiled his adversaries. And by a mortal man at length am foiled.

Dryden.

2. To blunt; to dull. When light wing'd toys Of feathered Cupid foilÃ‚--

Shak.

3. To defeat; to interrupt, or to render imperceptible; as, to foil the scent in a chase.

Addison.

Foil

FOIL, noun Defeat; frustration; the failure of success when on the point of being secured; miscarriage. Death never won a stake with greater toil, Nor e'er was fate so near a foil.

Dryden.

Foil

FOIL, noun [Welsh fwyl, a driving, impulsion, a stroke, a foil.] A blunt sword, or one that has a button at the end covered with leather; used in fencing. Isocrates contended with a foil, against Demosthenes with a sword.

Mitford.

Foil

FOIL, noun [French feuille; Italian foglia; Portugese folha; Spanish hoja; Latin folium; Greek.]

1. A leaf or thin plate of metal used in gilding.

2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of metal placed under precious stones, to make them appear transparent, and to give them a particular color, as the stone appears to be of the color of the foil. Hence,

3. Any thing of another color, or of different qualities, which serves to adorn, or set off another thing to advantage. Hector has a foil to set him off.

Broome.

4. A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a looking glass, to cause reflection.

Encyc.

Foiled

FOIL'ED, participle passive Frustrated; defeated.

Foiler

FOIL'ER, noun One who frustrates another, and gains an advantage himself.

Foiling

FOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Defeating; frustrating; disappointing of success.

Foiling

FOIL'ING, noun Among hunters, the slight mark of a passing deer on the grass.

Todd.

Foin

FOIN, verb transitive [French poindre, to sting, to dawn; Latin pungo. The sense is to push, thrust, shoot.]

1. To push in fencing.

Spenser.

2. To prick; to sting. [Not in use.]

Foin

FOIN, noun A push; a thrust.

Robinson.

Foining

FOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Pushing; thrusting.

Foiningly

FOIN'INGLY, adverb In a pushing manner.

Foison

FOIS'ON, noun [Latin fusio.] Plenty; abundance. [Not used.]

Tusser.

Foist

FOIST, verb transitive [Usually supposed to be from French fausser, to violate, literally, to falsify; Norm. fauser. This is doubtful.] To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant. Lest negligence or partiality might admit or foist in abuses and corruption.

Carew.

Foist

FOIST, noun A light and fast sailing ship. Obs.

Beaum.

Foisted

FOIST'ED, participle passive Inserted wrongfully.

Foister

FOIST'ER, noun One who inserts without authority.

Foistied

FOIST'IED, adjective Mustied. [See Fusty.]

Foistiness

FOIST'INESS, noun Fustiness, which see.

Foisting

FOIST'ING, participle of the present tense Inserting surreptitiously or without authority.

Foisty

FOIST'Y, adjective Fusty, which see.

Fold

FOLD, noun [Saxon fald, falde; Welsh fald; Irish fal, a fold, a wall or hedge; Danish fold. See the verb, to fold.]

1. A pen or inclosure for sheep; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in the field or under shelter.

2. A flock of sheep. Hence in a scriptural sense, the church, the flock of the Shepherd of Israel. Other sheep I have, which are not of this fold. John 10.

3. A limit. [Not in use.]

Fold

FOLD, noun [Saxon feald; Swedish fÃƒ-¥ll; German falte; Russian phalda; but the same word as the preceding.]

1. The doubling of any flexible substance, as cloth; complication; a plait; one part turned or bent and laid on another; as a fold of linen.

2. In composition, the same quantity added; as two fold, four fold, ten fold, that is, twice as much, four times as much, ten times as much.

Fold

FOLD, verb transitive [Saxon fealdan; Gothic faldan; German falten; Danish folder; Swedish fÃƒ-¥lla. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee, to double. Class Bl. No. 47. 51. See also No. 22. The primary sense is to fall, or to lay, to set, throw or press together.]

1. To double; to lap or lay in plaits; as, to fold a piece of cloth.

2. To double and insert one part in another; as, to fold a letter.

3. To double or lay together, as the arms. He folds his arms in despair.

4. To confine sheep in a fold.

Fold

FOLD, verb intransitive To close over another of the same kind; as, the leaves of the door fold.

Foldage

FOLDAGE, noun The right of folding sheep.

Folded

FOLDED, participle passive Doubled; laid in plaits; complicated; kept in a fold.

Folder

FOLDER, noun An instrument used in folding paper.

2. One that folds.

Folding

FOLDING, participle of the present tense Doubling; laying in plaits; keeping in a fold.

2. adjective Doubling; that may close over another, or that consists of leaves which may close one over another; as a folding door.

Folding

FOLDING, noun A fold; a doubling.

2. Among farmers, the keeping of sheep in inclosures on arable land, &c.

Foliaceous

FOLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin foliaceus, from folium, a leaf. See Foil.]

1. Leafy; having leaves intermixed with flowers; as a foliaceous spike. Foliaceous glands are those situated on leaves.

2. Consisting of leaves or thin lamins; having the form of a leaf or plate; as foliaceous spar.

Woodward.

Foliage

FO'LIAGE, noun [French feuillage, from feuille, Latin folium, a leaf; Italian fogliame; Spanish follage. See Foil.]

1. Leaves in general; as a tree of beautiful foliage.

2. A cluster of leaves, flowers and branches; particularly, the representation of leaves, flowers and branches, in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, &c.

Foliage

FO'LIAGE, verb transitive To work or to form into the representation of leaves.

Drummond.

Foliaged

FO'LIAGED, adjective Furnished with foliage.

Shenstone.

Foliate

FO'LIATE, verb transitive [Latin foliatus, from folium, a leaf, Greek.]

1. To beat into a leaf, or thin plate or lamin.

Bacon.

2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver, &c.; as, to foliate a looking-glass.

Foliate

FO'LIATE, adjective In botany, leafy; furnished with leaves; as a foliate stalk.

Martyn. Lee.

Foliated

FO'LIATED, participle passive Spread or covered with a thin plate or foil.

2. In mineralogy, consisting of plates; resembling or in the form of a plate; lamellar; as a foliated fracture. Minerals that consist of grains, and are at the same time foliated, are called granularly foliated.

Kirwan.

Foliating

FO'LIATING, participle of the present tense Covering with a leaf or foil.

Foliation

FOLIA'TION, noun [Latin foliatio.] In botany, the leafing of plants; vernation; the disposition of the nascent leaves within the bud.

Martyn.

2. The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf or foil.

3. The act or operation of spreading foil over the back side of a mirror or looking glass.

Foliature

FO'LIATURE, noun The state of being beaten into foil.

Folier

FO'LIER, noun Goldsmith's foil.

Foliferous

FOLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin folium, leaf, and fero, to bear.] Producing leaves.

Folio

FO'LIO, noun [Latin folium, a leaf; in folio.] A book of the largest size, formed by once doubling a sheet of paper.

2. Among merchants, a page, or rather both the right and left hand pages of an account-book, expressed by the same figure.

Encyc.

Foliole

FO'LIOLE, noun [from Latin folium, a leaf.] A leaflet; one of the single leaves, which together constitute a compound leaf.

Lee.

Foliomort

FO'LIOMORT, adjective [Latin folium mortuum.] Of a dark yellow color, or that of a faded leaf; filemot.

Woodward.

Folious

FO'LIOUS, adjective Leafy; thin; unsubstantial.

Brown.

2. In botany, having leaves intermixed with the flowers.

Folk

FOLK, n. foke. [Saxon folc; Dutch volk; German volk; Swedish folck; Danish folk; Latin vulgus. The sense is a crowd, from collecting or pressing, not from following, but from the same root, as to follow is to press toward. It may be allied to Saxon fela, German viel, Dutch veel, Greek and. Originally and properly it had no plural, being a collective noun; but in modern use, in America, it has lost its singular number, and we hear it only in the plural. It is a colloquial word, not admissible into elegant style.]

1. People in general, or any part of them without distinction. What do folks say respecting the war? Men love to talk about the affairs of other folks.

2. Certain people, discriminated from others; as old folks, and young folks. Children sometimes call their parents, the old folks. So we say sick folks; poor folks; proud folks.

3. In scripture, the singular number is used; as a few sick folk; impotent folk. Mark 6. John 5.

4. Animals. The coneys are but a feeble folk. Proverbs 30.

Folkland

FOLKLAND, noun [Saxon folcland.] In English law, copyhold land; land held by the common people, at the will of the lord.

Blackstone.

Folkmote

FOLKMOTE, noun [Saxon folcmote, folk-meeting.] An assembly of the people, or of bishops, thanes, aldermen and freemen, to consult respecting public affairs, an annual convention of the people, answering in some measure, to a modern parliament; a word used in England before the Norman conquest, after which, the national Council was called a parliament.

Somner. Spelman. But some authors alledge that the folkmote was an inferior meeting or court.

Follicle

FOL'LICLE, noun [Latin folliculus, from follis, a bag or bellows.]

1. In botany, a univalvular pericarp; a seed vessel opening on one side longitudinally, and having the seeds loose in it.

Martyn.

2. An air bag; a vessel distended with air; as at the root in Utricularia, and on the leaves in Aldrovanda.

Martyn.

3. A little bag, in animal bodies; a gland; a folding; a cavity.

Coxe.

Folliculous

FOLLIC'ULOUS, adjective Having or producing follicles.

Folliful

FOL'LIFUL, adjective Full of folly. [Not used.]

Shenstone.

Follow

FOL'LOW, verb transitive [Saxon folgian, filian, fylgan; Dutch volgen; German folgen; Dan foÃƒ-¶lger; Swedish f?lja; Irish foilcanam. The sense is, to urge forward, drive, press. Class Bl. No. 14. 46.]

1. To go after or behind; to walk, ride or move behind, but in the same direction. Soldiers will usually follow a brave officer.

2. To pursue; to chase; as an enemy, or as game.

3. To accompany; to attend in a journey. And Rebekah arose, and her damsels, and they rode on the camels, and followed the man. Genesis 24.

4. To accompany; to be of the same company; to attend, for any purpose.

Luke 5.

5. To succeed in order of time; to come after; as, a storm is followed by a calm. Signs following signs lead on the mighty year.

Pope.

6. To be consequential; to result from, as effect from a cause. Intemperance is often followed by disease or poverty, or by both.

7. To result from, as an inference or deduction. It follows from these facts that the accused is guilty.

8. To pursue with the eye; to keep the eyes fixed on a moving body. He followed or his eyes followed the ship, till it was beyond sight. He followed with his eyes the fleeting shade.

Dryden.

9. To imitate; to copy; as, to follow a pattern or model; to follow fashion.

10. To embrace; to adopt and maintain; to have or entertain like opinions; to think or believe like another; as, to follow the opinions and tenets of a philosophic sect; to follow Plato.

11. To obey; to observe; to practice; to act in conformity to. It is our duty to follow the commands of Christ. Good soldiers follow the orders of their general; good servants follow the directions of their master.

12. To pursue as an object of desire; to endeavor to obtain.

Follow peace with all men. Hebrews 12.

13. To use; to practice; to make the chief business; as, to follow the trade of a carpenter; to follow the profession of law.

14. To adhere to; to side with. The house of Judah followed David. 2 Samuel 2.

15. To adhere to; to honor; to worship; to serve. If the Lord be God, follow him. 1 Kings 18.

16. To be led or guided by. Wo to the foolish prophets, who follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing. Ezekiel 13.

17. To move on in the same course or direction; to be guided by; as, to follow a track or course.

Follow

FOL'LOW, verb intransitive To come after another. The famineÃ‚--shall follow close after you. Jeremiah 42.

2. To attend; to accompany.

Shak.

3. To be posterior in time; as following ages.

4. To be consequential, as effect to cause. From such measures, great mischiefs must follow.

5. To result, as an inference. The facts may be admitted, but the inference drawn from them does not follow.

To follow on, to continue pursuit or endeavor; to persevere. Then shall we know, if we follow on to know the Lord. Hosea vi.

Followed

FOL'LOWED, participle passive Pursued; succeeded; accompanied; attended; imitated; obeyed; observed; practiced; adhered to.

Follower

FOL'LOWER, noun One who comes, goes or moves after another, in the same course.

2. One that takes another as his guide in doctrines, opinions or example; one who receives the opinions, and imitates the example of another; an adherent; an imitator. That ye be not slothful, but followers of them who, through faith and patience, inherit the promises. Hebrews 6.

3. One who obeys, worships and honors. Be ye followers of God, as dear children. Ephesians 5.

4. An adherent; a disciple; one who embraces the same system; as a follower of Plato.

5. An attendant; a companion; an associate or a dependent. The warrior distributed the plunder among his followers. No follower, but a friend.

Pope.

6. One under the command of another.

Spenser. Dryden.

7. One of the same faction or party.

Following

FOL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Coming or going after or behind; pursuing; attending; imitating; succeeding in time; resulting from, as an effect or an inference; adhering to; obeying, observing; using, practicing; proceeding in the same course.

Folly

FOL'LY, noun [French folie, from fol, fou; Armoric follez; Italian follia. See Fool.]

1. Weakness of intellect; imbecility of mind; want of understanding. A fool layeth open his folly. Proverbs 13.

2. A weak or absurd act not highly criminal; an act which is inconsistent with the dictates of reason, or with the ordinary rules of prudence. In this sense it may be used in the singular, but is generally in the plural. Hence we speak of the follies of youth. Whom folly pleases, or whose follies please.

Pope.

3. An absurd act which is highly sinful; any conduct contrary to the laws of God or man; sin; scandalous crimes; that which violates moral precepts and dishonors the offender. Shechem wrought folly in Israel. Achan wrought folly in Israel. Genesis 34. Joshua 7.

4. Criminal weakness; depravity of mind.

Johnson.

Fomahant

FO'MAHANT, noun A star of the first magnitude, in the constellation Aquarius.

Encyc.

Foment

FOMENT', verb transitive [Latin fomento, from foveo, to warm; French fomenter; Spanish fomentar; Italian fomentare.]

1. To apply warm lotions to; to bathe with warm medicated liquors, or with flannel dipped in warm water.

2. To cherish with heat; to encourage growth. [Not usual.]

Milton.

3. To encourage; to abet; to cherish and promote by excitements; in a bad sense; as, to foment ill humors.

Locke. So we say, to foment troubles or disturbances; to foment intestine broils.

Fomentation

FOMENTA'TION, noun The act of applying warm liquors to a part of the body, by means of flannels dipped in hot water or medicated decoctions, for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of discussing tumors.

Encyc. Quincy.

2. The lotion applied, or to be applied to a diseased part.

Arbuthnot.

3. Excitation; instigation; encouragement.

Wotton.

Fomented

FOMENT'ED, participle passive Bathed with warm lotions; encouraged.

Fomenter

FOMENT'ER, noun One who foments; one who encourages or instigates; as a fomenter of sedition.

Fomenting

FOMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Applying warm lotions.

2. Encouraging; abetting; promoting.

Fon

FON, noun [Chaucer, fonne, a fool; Icelandic faane.] A fool; an idiot. Obs.

Spenser.

Fond

FOND, adjective [Chaucer, fonne, a fool; Scot. fon, to play the fool; fone, to fondle, to toy; Irish fonn, delight, desire, a longing. Qu. Arabic which signifies to diminish, to impair mental powers, to make foolish, to be destitute of reason; and is to fail. These are the most probable affinities I have been able to find.]

1. Foolish; silly; weak; indiscreet; imprudent. Grant I may never prove so fond To trust man on his oath or bond.

Shak.

Fond thoughts may fall into some idle brain.

Davies.

2. Foolishly tender and loving; doting; weakly indulgent; as a fond mother or wife.

Addison.

3. Much pleased; loving ardently; delighted with. A child is fond of play; a gentleman is fond of his sports, or of his country seat. In present usage, fond does not always imply weakness or folly.

4. Relishing highly. The epicure is fond of high-seasoned food. Multitudes of men are too fond of strong drink.

5. Trifling; valued by folly. [Little used.]

Shak.

Fond

FOND, verb transitive To treat with great indulgence or tenderness; to caress; to cocker. The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her breast.

Dryden.

Fond is thus used by the poets only. We now use fondle.

Fond

FOND, verb intransitive To be fond of; to be in love with; to dote on. [Little used.]

Shak.

Fondle

FOND'LE, verb transitive To treat with tenderness; to caress; as, a nurse fondles a child.

Fondled

FOND'LED, participle passive Treated with affection; caressed.

Fondler

FOND'LER, noun One who fondles.

Fondling

FOND'LING, participle of the present tense Caressing; treating with tenderness.

Fondling

FOND'LING, noun A person or thing fondled or caressed.

L'Estrange.

Fondly

FOND'LY, adverb Foolishly; weakly; imprudently; with indiscreet affection.

Fondly we think we merit honor then, When we but praise ourselves in other men.

Pope.

2. With great or extreme affection. We fondly embrace those who are dear to us.

Fondness

FOND'NESS, noun Foolishness; weakness; want of sense or judgment. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Foolish tenderness.

3. Tender passion; warm affection. Her fondness for a certain earl Began when I was but a girl.

Swift.

4. Strong inclination or propensity; as a fondness for vice or sin.

Hammond.

5. Strong appetite or relish; as fondness for ardent spirit, or for a particular kind of food.

[It is now used chiefly in the three latter senses.]

Font

FONT, noun [French fonts; Spanish fuente; Italian fonte; Latin fons; Welsh fynnon, a fountain, and fyniaw, to produce, to abound; allied to Latin fundo, to pour out.] A large bason or stone vessel in which water is contained for baptizing children or other persons in the church.

Font

FONT, noun [French fonte, from fondre, to melt or cast; Latin fundo, to pour out; Spanish fundir; Italian fondere; properly, a casting.] A complete assortment of printing types of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is necessary for printing with that letter.

Fontal

FONT'AL, adjective Pertaining to a fount, fountain, source or origin.

Trans. of Pausanias.

Fontanel

FONT'ANEL, noun [from the French] An issue for the discharge of humors from the body.

Hall.

2. A vacancy in the infant cranium, between the frontal and parietal bones, and also between the parietal and occipital, at the two extremities of the sagittal suture.

Cyc. Parr.

Fontange

FONTANGE, n. fontanj'. [French from the name of the first wearer.] A knot of ribins on the top of a head-dress.

Addison.

Food

FOOD, noun [Saxon fod, foda; German futter; Dutch voedzel; Danish foeder; Swedish f?da; from feeding. See Feed.]

1. In a general sense, whatever is eaten by animals for nourishment, and whatever supplies nutriment to plants.

2. Meat; aliment; flesh or vegetables eaten for sustaining human life; victuals; provisions; whatever is or may be eaten for nourishment. Feed me with food convenient for me. Proverbs 30.

3. Whatever supplies nourishment and growth to plants, as water, carbonic acid gas, &c. Manuring substances furnish plants with food.

4. Something that sustains, nourishes and augments. Flattery is the food of vanity.

Food

FOOD, verb transitive To feed. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Foodful

FOOD'FUL. adjective Supplying food; full of food.

Dryden.

Foodless

FOOD'LESS, adjective Without food; destitute of provisions; barren.

Sandys.

Foody

FOOD'Y, adjective Eatable; fit for food. [Not used.]

Chapman.

Fool

FOOL, noun [French fol, fou; Italian folle, mad, foolish; Icelandic fol; Armoric foll; Welsh fol, round, blunt, foolish, vain; fwl, a fool, a blunt one, a stupid one; Russian phalia. It would seem from the Welsh that the primary sense of the adjective is thick, blunt, lumpish. Hebrew.]

1. One who is destitute of reason, or the common powers of understanding; an ideot. Some persons are born fools, and are called natural fools; others may become fools by some injury done to the brain.

2. In common language, a person who is somewhat deficient in intellect, but not an ideot; or a person who acts absurdly; one who does not exercise his reason; one who pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.

Franklin.

3. In scripture, fool is often used for a wicked or depraved person; one who acts contrary to sound wisdom in his moral deportment; one who follows his own inclinations, who prefers trifling and temporary pleasures to the service of God and eternal happiness. The fool hath said in his heart, there is no God. Psalm 14.

4. A weak christian; a godly person who has much remaining sin and unbelief. O fools, and slow of heart to believe all the prophets have written. Luke 24. Also, one who is accounted or called a fool by ungodly men. 1 Corinthians 4:10.

5. A term of indignity and reproach. To be thought knowing, you must first put the fool upon all mankind.

Dryden.

6. One who counterfeits folly; a buffoon; as a king's fool. I scorn, although their drudge, to be their fool or jester.

Milton.

To play the fool, to act the buffoon; to jest; to make sport.

2. To act like one void of understanding.

To put the fool on, to impose on; to delude.

To make a fool of, to frustrate; to defeat; to disappoint.

Fool

FOOL, verb intransitive To trifle; to toy; to spend time in idleness, sport or mirth. Is this a time for fooling?

Dryden.

Fool

FOOL, verb transitive To treat with contempt; to disappoint; to defeat; to frustrate; to deceive; to impose on. When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat; For fooled with hope, men favor the deceit.

Dryden.

2. To infatuate; to make foolish.

Shak.

3. To cheat; as, to fool one out of his money.

To fool away, to spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without advantage; as, to fool away time.

2. To spend for things of no value or use; to expend improvidently; as, to fool away money.

Fool

FOOL, noun A liquid made of gooseberries scalded and pounded, with cream.

Shak.

Foolborn

FOOL'BORN, adjective Foolish from the birth.

Shak.

Fooled

FOOL'ED, participle passive Disappointed; defeated; deceived; imposed on.

Foolery

FOOL'ERY, noun The practice of folly; habitual folly; attention to trifles.

Shak.

2. An act of folly or weakness.

Watts.

3. Object of folly.

Raleigh.

Foolhappy

FOOL'HAPPY, adjective Lucky without judgment or contrivance.

Spenser.

Foolhardiness

FOOLH`ARDINESS, noun Courage without sense or judgment; mad rashness.

Dryden.

Foolhardise

FOOLH`ARDISE, noun Foolhardiness. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Foolhardy

FOOLH`ARDY, adjective [fool and hardy.] Daring without judgment; madly rash and adventurous; foolishly bold.

Howell.

Fooling

FOOL'ING, participle of the present tense Defeating; disappointing; deceiving.

Foolish

FOOL'ISH, adjective Void of understanding or sound judgment; weak in intellect; applied to general character.

2. Unwise; imprudent; acting without judgment or discretion in particular things.

3. Proceeding from folly, or marked with folly; silly; vain; trifling. But foolish questions avoid. 2 Timothy 2.

4. Ridiculous; despicable. A foolish figure he must make.

Prior.

5. In scripture, wicked; sinful; acting without regard to the divine law and glory, or to one's own eternal happiness. O foolish GalatiansÃ‚--Galatians 3.

6. Proceeding from depravity; sinful; as foolish lusts. 1 Timothy 6.

Foolishly

FOOL'ISHLY, adverb Weakly; without understanding or judgment; unwisely; indiscretely.

2. Wickedly; sinfully. I have done very foolishly. 2 Samuel 24.

Foolishness

FOOL'ISHNESS, noun Folly; want of understanding.

2. Foolish practice; want of wisdom or good judgment.

3. In a scriptural sense, absurdity; folly. The preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness. 1 Corinthians 1.

Foolscap

FOOLS'CAP, noun [Qu. full and Latin scapus, or folio and shape.] A kind of paper of small size.

Fools-Parsley

FOOL'S-P`ARSLEY, noun A plant, of the genus AEthusa.

Foolstones

FOOL'STONES, noun A plant, the Orchis.

Fooltrap

FOOL'TRAP, noun A trap to catch fools; as a fly trap.

Dryden.

Foot

FOOT, noun plu. feet. [Saxon fot, fet; Dutch voet; German fuss; Swedish fot; Danish fod; Greek,; Latin pes, pedis; Sanscrit, pad; Siam. bat; French pied, pie; Spanish pie; Portugese pe; Italian piede, piÃƒ-¨; Copt. bat, fat. Probably this word is allied to the Greek, to walk, to tread; as the Welsh troed, foot, is to the verb, to tread.]

1. In animal bodies, the lower extremity of the leg; the part of the leg which treads the earth in standing or walking, and by which the animal is sustained and enabled to step.

2. That which bears some resemblance to an animal's foot in shape or office; the lower end of any thing that supports a body; as the foot of a table.

3. The lower part; the base; as the foot of a column or of a mountain.

4. The lower part; the bottom; as the foot of an account; the foot of a sail.

5. Foundation; condition; state. We are not on the same foot with our fellow citizens. In this sense, it is more common, in America, to use footing; and in this sense the plural is not used.

6. Plan of establishment; fundamental principles. Our constitution may hereafter be placed on a better foot. [In this sense the plural is not used.]

7. In military language, soldiers who march and fight on foot; infantry, as distinguished from cavalry. [In this sense the plural is not used.]

8. A measure consisting of twelve inches; supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot. Geometricians divide the foot into 10 digits, and the digit into 10 lines.

Encyc.

9. In poetry, a certain number of syllables, constituting part of a verse; as the iambus, the dactyl, and the spondee.

10. Step; pace.

L'Estrange.

11. Level; par. Obs.

Bacon.

12. The part of a stocking or boot which receives the foot.

By foot, or rather, on foot, by walking, as to go or pass on foot; or by fording, as to pass a stream on foot. See the next definition.

To set on foot, to originate; to begin; to put in motion; as, to set on foot a subscription. Hence, to be on foot, is to be in motion, action or process of execution.

Foot

FOOT, verb intransitive To dance; to tread to measure or music; to skip.

Dryden.

2. To walk; opposed to ride or fly. In this sense, the word is commonly followed by it. If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can foot it farthest.

Dryden.

Foot

FOOT, verb transitive To kick; to strike with the foot; to spurn.

Shak.

2. To settle; to begin to fix. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To tread; as, to foot the green.

Tickel.

4. To add the numbers in a column, and set the sum at the foot; as, to foot an account.

5. To seize and hold with the foot. [Not used.]

Herbert.

6. To add or make a foot; as, to foot a stocking or boot.

Football

FOOT'BALL, noun A ball consisting of an inflated bladder, cased in lether, to be driven by the foot.

Waller.

2. The sport or practice of kicking the football.

Arbuthnot.

Footband

FOOT'BAND, noun A band of infantry.

Footboy

FOOT'BOY, noun A menial; an attendant in livery.

Swift.

Footbreadth

FOOT'BREADTH, noun The breadth of the foot. Deuteronomy 2.

Footbridge

FOOT'BRIDGE, noun A narrow bridge for foot passengers.

Sidney.

Footcloth

FOOT'CLOTH, noun A sumpter cloth.

Shak.

Footed

FOOT'ED, participle passive Kicked; trod; summed up; furnished with a foot, as a stocking.

Footed

FOOT'ED, adjective Shaped in the foot; as footed like a goat.

Grew.

Footfall

FOOT'FALL, noun A trip or stumble.

Shak.

Footfight

FOOT'FIGHT, noun A conflict by persons on foot, in opposition to a fight on horseback.

Sidney.

Footguards

FOOT'GU`ARDS, n. plu. Guards of infantry.

Foothalt

FOOT'HALT, noun A disease incident to sheep, and said to proceed from a worm, which enters between the claws.

Encyc.

Foothold

FOOT'HOLD, noun That which sustains the feet firmly and prevents them from slipping or moving; that on which one may tread or rest securely.

L'Estrange.

Foothot

FOOT'HOT, adverb Immediately; a word borrowed from hunting.

Gower.

Footing

FOOT'ING, participle of the present tense Dancing; treading; settling; adding a new foot.

Footing

FOOT'ING, noun Ground for the foot; that which sustains; firm foundation to stand on. In ascents, every step gained is a footing and help to the next.

Holder.

2. Support; root.

Dryden.

3. Basis; foundation.

Locke.

4. Place; stable position.

Dryden.

5. Permanent settlement. Let not these evils gain footing.

6. Tread; step; walk.

Milton.

7. Dance; tread to measure.

Shak.

8. Steps; road; track. [Little used.]

Bacon.

9. State; condition; settlement. Place both parties on an equal footing.

Footlicker

FOOT'LICKER, noun A mean flatterer; a sycophant; a fawner.

Shak.

Footman

FOOT'MAN, noun A soldier who marches and fights on foot.

2. A menial servant; a runner; a servant in livery.

Footmanship

FOOT'MANSHIP, noun The art or faculty of a runner.

Hayward.

Footmantle

FOOT'MANTLE, noun A garment to keep the gown clean in riding.

Footpace

FOOT'PACE, noun A slow step, as in walking; a broad stair.

Johnson.

Footpad

FOOT'PAD, noun A highwayman or robber on foot.

Footpath

FOOT'P`ATH, noun A narrow path or way for foot passengers only.

Footplow

FOOT'PLOW, noun A kind of swing-plow.

Footpost

FOOT'POST, noun A post or messenger that travels on foot.

Carew.

Footrope

FOOT'ROPE, noun The lower boltrope, to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed. Also, a horse or rope to support men when reefing, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Footrot

FOOT'ROT, noun An ulcer in the feet of sheep.

Footsoldier

FOOT'SOLDIER, noun A soldier that serves on foot.

Footstall

FOOT'STALL, noun A woman's stirrup.

Johnson.

Footstep

FOOT'STEP, noun A track; the mark or impression of the foot.

Locke.

2. Token; mark; visible sign of a course pursued; as the footsteps of divine wisdom.

Bentley.

Footsteps, plural, example; as, follow the footsteps of good men.

2. Way; course. Psalm 77.

Footstool

FOOT'STOOL, noun A stool for the feet; that which supports the feet of one when sitting.

To make enemies a footstool, is to reduce them to entire subjection. Psalm 110.

Foot-Waling

FOOT'-WALING, noun The whole inside planks or lining of a ship.

Cyc.

Fop

FOP, noun [Spanish and Portugese guapo, spruce, gay, affected, foppish, affectedly nice; also in Spanish stout, bold, from the root of vapor, vapid; Spanish guapear, to brag. The Latin vappa, a senseless fellow, is evidently from the same root, with the sense of emptiness or lightness.] A vain man of weak understanding and much ostentation; one whose ambition is to gain admiration by showy dress and pertness; a gay trifling man; a coxcomb.

Fopdoodle

FOP'DOODLE, noun An insignificant fellow. [Vulgar and not used.]

Hudibras.

Fopling

FOP'LING, noun A petty fop.

Tickell.

Foppery

FOP'PERY, noun Affectation of show or importance; showy folly; as the foppery of dress or of manners.

2. Folly; impertinence. Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter My sober house.

Shak.

3. Foolery; vain or idle practice; idle affectation.

Swift.

Foppish

FOP'PISH, adjective Vain of dress; making an ostentatious display of gay clothing; dressing in the extreme of fashion.

2. Vain; trifling; affected in manners.

Foppishly

FOP'PISHLY, adverb With vain ostentation of dress; in a trifling or affected manner.

Foppishness

FOP'PISHNESS, noun Vanity and extravagance in dress; showy vanity.

For

FOR, prep. [Saxon for or fore; Dutch voor, for and before; German fÃƒ-¼r and vor; Swedish f?r; Danish for, fÃƒ-¶r; Irish far; French pour; Spanish Portugese por, para; Italian per, which unites for and Latin per, and if this is the same word, so is the French par. Indeed far seems to be radically the same word; for the Germans and Dutch use ver, far, in composition, in the same manner, and in the same words, as the English, Danes and Swedes use for. Thus, German verbieten, Dutch verbieden, Danish forbyder, Swedish f?rbiuda, are all the same word, to forbid. The French use par, as we use for, in pardonner, to pardon, to forgive, Italian perdonare. Armoric par and pour, in composition; Hindoo, para; Pers. bar or ber, and behr. For corresponds in sense with the Latin pro, as fore does with proe, but pro and proe are probably contracted from prod, proed. The Latin por, in composition, as in porrigo, is probably contracted from porro, Greek, which is the English far. The Greek, and probably,, are from the same root. The radical sense of for is to go, to pass, to advance, to reach or stretch; and it is probably allied to the Saxon faran, to fare, Welsh for, a pass, foriaw, to travel. Class Br. No 23. 37. 41. To go towards, to meet or turn to, is the primary sense of for, in two of its most common uses; one implying opposition, against; the other, a favor or benefit: or for may be from fore, hence opposite. To sell or exchange a hat for a guinea, is to set or pass one against the other; this is the primary sense of all prepositions which are placed before equivalents in sale and barter. Benefit or favor is expressed by moving towards a person, or by advancing him. This present is for my friend; this advice for his instruction. And in the Old Testament, the face or front is taken for favor. For, in some phrases, signifies during, that is, passing, continuing in time. I will lend a book for a day or a month. In composition, for is used to give a negative sense, as in forbid, which is forebid, to command before, that is against, and in forgive, to give back or away, to remit, to send back or to send away.]

1. Against; in the place of; as a substitute or equivalent, noting equal value or satisfactory compensation, either in barter and sale, in contract, or in punishment. ``And Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses, and for flocks, and for the cattle of the herds;' that is, according to the original, he gave them bread against horses, like the Greek and French contre. Genesis 47:17. Buy us and our land for bread. Genesis 47:19. And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. Exodus 21. As the son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. Matthew 20. See also Mark 8:37. Matthew 16:26.

2. In the place of; instead of; noting substitution of persons, or agency of one in the place of another with equivalent authority. An attorney is empowered to act for his principal. Will you take a letter and deliver it for me at the post office? that is, in my place, or for my benefit.

3. In exchange of; noting one thing taken or given in place of another; as, to quit the profession of law for that of a clergyman.

4. In the place of; instead of; as, to translate a poem line for line.

5. In the character of; noting resemblance; a sense derived from substitution or standing in the place of, like in Greek. If a man can be fully assured of any thing for a truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truth?

Locke. But let her go for an ungrateful woman.

Philips. I hear for certain, and do speak the truth.

Shak. He quivered with his feet and lay for dead.

Dryden.

6. Towards; with the intention of going to. We sailed from Peru for China and Japan.

Bacon. We sailed directly for Genoa, and had a fair wind. Addison. So we say, a ship is bound for or to France.

7. In advantage of; for the sake of; on account of; that is, towards, noting use, benefit or purpose. An ant is a wise creature for itself.

Bacon. Shall I think the world was made for one, And men are born for kings, as beasts for men, Not for protection, but to be devoured.

Dryden.

8. Conducive to; beneficial to; in favor of. It is for the general good of human society, and consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it is for men's health to be temperate.

Tillotson.

9. Leading or inducing to, as a motive. There is a natural, immutable, and eternal reason for that which we call virtue, and against that which we call vice.

Tillotson.

10. Noting arrival, meeting, coming or possession. Wait patiently for an expected good. So in the phrases, looking for, staying for.

11. Towards the obtaining of; in order to the arrival at or possession of. After all our exertions, we depend on divine aid for success.

12. Against; in opposition to; with a tendency to resist and destroy; as a remedy for the head-ache or tooth-ache. Alkalies are good for the heart-burn. So we say, to provide clothes or stores for winter, or against winter.

13. Against or on account of; in prevention of. She wrapped him close for catching cold.

Richardson. And, for the time shall not seem tediousÃ‚--

Shak. This use is nearly obsolete. The sense however is derived from meeting, opposing, as in No. 12.

14. Because; on account of; by reason of. He cried out for anguish. I cannot go for want of time. For this cause, I cannot believe the report. That which we for our unworthiness are afraid to crave, our prayer is, that God for the worthiness of his son would notwithstanding vouchsafe to grant.

Hooker. Edward and Richard, With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath, Are at our backs. Shak. How to choose dogs for scent or speed.

Waller.

For as much as it is a fundamental lawÃ‚--

Bacon.

15. With respect or regard to; on the part of. It was young counsel for the persons, and violent counsel for the matters.

Bacon. Thus much for the beginning and progress of the deluge. Burnet. So we say, for me, for myself, or as for me, I have no anxiety, but for you I have apprehensions; all implying towards or on the side of.

16. Through a certain space; during a certain time; as, to travel for three days; to sail for seven weeks; he holds his office for life; he traveled on sand for ten miles together. These senses seem to imply passing, the proper sense of for.

17. In quest of; in order to obtain; as, to search for arguments; to recur to antiquity for examples. See No. 11.

18. According to; as far as. Chimists have not been able, for aught is vulgarly known, by fire alone to separate true sulphur from antimony.

Boyle.

19. Noting meeting, coming together, or reception. I am ready for you; that is, I am ready to meet or receive you.

20. Towards; of tendency to; as an inclination for drink.

21. In favor of; on the part or side of; that is, towards or inclined to. One is for a free government; another is for a limited monarchy. Aristotle is for poetical justice.

Dennis.

22. With a view to obtain; in order to possess. He writes for money, or for fame; that is, towards meeting, or to have in return, as a reward.

23. Towards; with tendency to, or in favor of. It is for his honor to retire from office. It is for our quiet to have few intimate connections.

24. Notwithstanding; against; in opposition to. The fact may be so, for any thing that has yet appeared. The task is great, but for all that, I shall not be deterred from undertaking it. This is a different application of the sense of No. 1. 2. 3. 4. [Hoc non obstante.] The writer will do what she pleases for all me.

Spect. No. 79.

25. For the use of; to be used in; that is, towards, noting advantage. The oak for nothing ill, The osier good for twigs, the poplar for the mill.

Spenser.

26. In recompense of; in return of. Now, for so many glorious actions done, For peace at home, and for the public wealth, I mean to crown a bowl for Cesar's health.

Dryden.

[See No. 1.]

27. In proportion to; or rather, looking towards, regarding. He is tall for one of his years, or tall for his age.

28. By means of. Moral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite, were it not for the will.

Hale.

29. By the want of. The inhabitants suffered severely both for provisions and fuel.

Marshall.

30. For my life or heart, though my life were to be given in exchange, or as the price of purchase. I cannot, for my life, understand the man. No. 1.

31. For to, denoting purpose. For was anciently placed before the infinitives of verbs, and the use is correct, but now obsolete except in vulgar language. I came for to see you; pour vous voir.

For

FOR, conjunction The word by which a reason is introduced of something before advanced. ``That ye may be the children of your father who is in heaven; for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good.' In such sentences, for has the sense of because, by reason that, as in No. 14; with this difference that in No. 14, the word precedes a single noun, and here it precedes a sentence or clause: but the phrase seems to be elliptical, for this cause or reason, which follows, he maketh his sun to rise, &c. In Romans, xiii. 6. we find the word in both its applications, ``For, for this cause ye pay tribute alsoÃ‚--;' the first for referring to the sentence following; the latter to the noun cause.

2. Because; on this account that; properly, for that.

For as much, compounded, forasmuch, is equivalent to, in regard to that, in consideration of. Forasmuch as the thirst is intolerable, the patient may be indulged in a little drink.

For why, French pour quoi, [per quod, pro quo,] because; for this reason.

Forage

FOR'AGE, noun [French fourrage; Armoric fouraich; Italian foraggio; Spanish forrage; Portugese forragem; Dutch voeraadge. If this word signifies primarily food or fodder, it is connected with Welsh pori, to feed, and Latin voro. But I take it to be from the root of Saxon faran, to go, and primarily to signify that which is collected in wandering, roving, excursion. In Portugese foragido is a vagabond, and forrejar is to waste, to ravage.]

1. Food of any kind for horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay, corn and oats.

2. The act of providing forage. Col. Mawhood completed his forage unmolested.

Marshall. If the forage is to be made at a distance from the campÃ‚-- Encyc.

3. Search for provisions; the act of feeding abroad.

Milton.

Forage

FOR'AGE, verb intransitive To collect food for horses and cattle, by wandering about and feeding or stripping the country.

Marshall.

2. To wander far; to rove. Obs.

Shak.

3. To ravage; to feed on spoil.

Shak.

Forage

FOR'AGE, verb transitive To strip of provisions for horses, &c.

Encyc.

Forager

FOR'AGER, noun One that goes in search of food for horses or cattle.

Foraging

FOR'AGING, participle of the present tense or adjective Collecting provisions for horses and cattle, or wandering in search of food; ravaging; stripping. The general sent out a foraging party, with a guard.

Foraging

FOR'AGING, noun An inroad or incursion for forage or plunder.

Bp. Hall.

Foraminous

FORAM'INOUS, adjective [Latin foramen, a hole, from foro, to bore.] Full of holes; perforated in many places; porous. [Little used.]

Bacon.

For

FOR, as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a negative or privative, denoting against, that is, before, or away, aside.

Forbad

FORBAD', preterit tense of forbid.

Forbathe

FORBA'THE, verb transitive To bathe. [Not in use.]

Sackville.

Forbear

FORBEAR, verb intransitive pret. forbore; pp. forborne. [Saxon forboeran; for and bear.]

1. To stop; to cease; to hold from proceeding; as, forbear to repeat these reproachful words.

2. To pause; to delay; as, forbear a while.

3. To abstain; to omit; to hold one's self from motion or entering on an affair. Shall I go against Ramoth Gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? 1 Kings 22.

4. To refuse; to decline. Whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear. Ezekiel 2.

5. To be patient; to restrain from action or violence. Proverbs 25:15.

Forbear

FORBEAR, verb transitive To avoid voluntarily; to decline.

Forbear his presence.

Shak.

2. To abstain from; to omit; to avoid doing. Learn from the scriptures what you ought to do and what to forbear. Have we not power to forbear working? 1 Corinthians 9.

3. To spare; to treat with indulgence and patience.

Forbearing one another in love. Ephesians 4.

4. To withhold.

Forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he destroy thee not. 2 Chronicles 35.

Forbearance

FORBEARANCE, noun The act of avoiding, shunning or omitting; either the cessation or intermission of an act commenced, or a withholding from beginning an act. Liberty is the power of doing or forbearing an action, according as the doing or forbearance has a preference in the mind. The forbearance of sin is followed with satisfaction of mind.

2. Command of temper; restraint of passions. Have a continent forbearance, till the speed of his rage goes slower.

Shak.

3. The exercise of patience; long suffering; indulgence towards those who injure us; lenity; delay of resentment or punishment. Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long suffering? Romans 2.

Forbearer

FORBEARER, noun One that intermits or intercepts.

Tusser.

Forbearing

FORBEARING, participle of the present tense Ceasing; pausing; withholding from action; exercising patience and indulgence.

2. adjective Patient; long suffering.

Forbearing

FORBEARING, noun A ceasing or restraining from action; patience; long suffering.

Forbid

FORBID', verb transitive pret. forbad; pp. forbid, forbidden. [Saxon forbeodan; Dutch verbieden; German verbieten; Danish forbyder; Swedish f?rbiuda; for and bid.] Literally, to bid or command against. Hence,

1. To prohibit; to interdict; to command to forbear or not to do. The laws of God forbid us to swear. Good manners also forbid us to use profane language. All servile labor and idle amusements on the sabbath are forbidden.

2. To command not to enter; as, I have forbid him my house or presence. This phrase seems to be elliptical; to forbid from entering or approaching.

3. To oppose; to hinder; to obstruct. An impassable river forbids the approach of the army. A blaze of glory that forbids the sight.

Dryden.

4. To accurse; to blast. Obs.

Shak.

Forbid

FORBID', verb intransitive To utter a prohibition; but in the intransitive form, there is always an ellipsis. I would go, but my state of health forbids, that is, forbids me to go, or my going.

Forbiddance

FORBID'DANCE, noun Prohibition; command or edict against a thing. [Little used.]

Shak.

Forbiddenly

FORBID'DENLY, adverb In an unlawful manner.

Shak.

Forbiddenness

FORBID'DENNESS, noun A state of being prohibited. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Forbidder

FORBID'DER, noun He or that which forbids or enacts a prohibition.

Forbidding

FORBID'DING, participle of the present tense Prohibiting; hindering.

2. adjective Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion or dislike; disagreeable; as a forbidding aspect; a forbidding formality; a forbidding air.

Forbidding

FORBID'DING, noun Hindrance; opposition.

Shak.

Forbore

FORBO'RE, pret. of forbear.

Forborne

FORBORNE, participle passive of forbear. Few ever repented of having forborne to speak.

Rambler.

Force

FORCE, noun [French force; Italian forza; Spanish fuerza; Portugese forÃƒ-§a; from Latin fortis. All words denoting force, power, strength, are from verbs which express straining, or driving, rushing, and this word has the elements of Saxon faran, and Latin vireo.]

1. Strength; active power; vigor; might; energy that may be exerted; that physical property in a body which may produce action or motion in another body, or may counteract such action. By the force of the muscles we raise a weight, or resist an assault.

2. Momentum; the quantity of power produced by motion or the action of one body on another; as the force of a cannon ball.

3. That which causes an operation or moral effect; strength; energy; as the force of the mind, will or understanding.

4. Violence; power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power. Let conquerors consider that force alone can keep what force has obtained.

5. Strength; moral power to convince the mind. There is great force in an argument.

6. Virtue; efficacy. No presumption or hypothesis can be of force enough to overthrow constant experience.

7. Validity; power to bind or hold. If the conditions of a covenant are not fulfilled, the contract is of no force. A testament is of force after the testator is dead. Hebrews 9:17.

8. Strength or power for war; armament; troops; an army or navy; as a military or naval force: sometimes in the plural; as military forces.

9. Destiny; necessity; compulsion; any extraneous power to which men are subject; as the force of fate or of divine decrees.

10. Internal power; as the force of habit.

11. In law, any unlawful violence to person or property. This is simple, when no other crime attends it, as the entering into another's possession, without committing any other unlawful act. It is compound, when some other violence or unlawful act is committed. The law also implies force, as when a person enters a house or inclosure lawfully, but afterwards does an unlawful act. In this case, the law supposes the first entrance to be for that purpose, and therefore by force.

Physical force, is the force of material bodies.

Moral force, is the power of acting on the reason in judging and determining.

Mechanical force, is the power that belongs to bodies at rest or in motion. The pressure or tension of bodies at rest is called a mechanical force, and so is the power of a body in motion. There is also the force of gravity or attraction, centrifugal and centripetal forces, expansive force, &c.

Force

FORCE, verb transitive To compel; to constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible. Men are forced to submit to conquerors. Masters force their slaves to labor.

2. To overpower by strength. I should have forced thee soon with other arms.

Milton.

3. To impel; to press; to drive; to draw or push by main strength; a sense of very extensive use; as, to force along a wagon or a ship; to force away a man's arms; water forces its way through a narrow channel; a man may be forced out of his possessions.

4. To enforce; to urge; to press.

Forcing my strength, and gathering to the shore.

Dryden.

5. To compel by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on the mind; to force one to acknowledge the truth of a proposition.

6. To storm; to assault and take by violence; as, to force a town or fort.

7. To ravish; to violate by force, as a female.

8. To overstrain; to distort; as a forced conceit.

9. To cause to produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree; or to cause to ripen prematurely, as fruit.

10. To man; to strengthen by soldiers; to garrison. Obs.

Shak. Raleigh.

To force from, to wrest from; to extort.

To force out, to drive out; to compel to issue out or to leave; also, to extort.

To force wine, is to fine it by a short process, or in a short time.

To force plants, is to urge the growth of plants by artificial heat.

To force meat, is to stuff it.

Force

FORCE, verb intransitive To lay stress on. Obs.

Camden.

2. To strive. Obs.

Spenser.

3. To use violence.

Spenser.

Forced

FORCED, participle passive Compelled; impelled; driven by violence; urged; stormed; ravished.

2. adjective Affected; overstrained; unnatural; as a forced style.

Forcedly

FORCEDLY, adverb Violently; constrainedly; unnaturally. [Little used.]

Forcedness

FORCEDNESS, noun The state of being forced; distortion.

Forceful

FORCEFUL, adjective Impelled by violence; driven with force; acting with power. Against the steed he threw His forceful spear.

Dryden.

2. Violent; impetuous.

Forcefully

FORCEFULLY, adverb Violently; impetuously.

Forceless

FORCELESS, adjective Having little or no force; feeble; impotent.

Shak.

Forcemeat

FORCEMEAT, noun A kind of stuffing in cookery.

Forceps

FOR'CEPS, noun [Latin] Literally, a pair of pinchers or tongs. In surgery, an instrument for extracting any thing from a wound, and for like purposes.

Quincy. A pair of scissors for cutting off or dividing the fleshy membranous parts of the body.

Encyc.

Forcer

FORCER, noun He or that which forces, drives or constrains.

2. The embolus of a pump; the instrument by which water is driven up a pump.

Wilkins.

Forcible

FORCIBLE, adjective Powerful; strong; mighty; as a punishment forcible to bridle sin.

Hooker.

2. Violent; impetuous; driving forward with force; as a forcible stream.

3. Efficacious; active; powerful. Sweet smells are most forcible in dry substances, when broken.

Bacon.

4. Powerful; acting with force; impressive; as forcible words or arguments.

5. Containing force; acting by violence; as forcible means.

6. Done by force; suffered by force. The abdication of James, his advocates hold to have been forcible.

Swift.

7. Valid; binding; obligatory. [Not used.]

Johnson.

8. In law, forcible entry is an actual violent entry into houses or lands.

Forcible detainer, is a violent withholding of the lands, &c. of another from his possession.

Forcible abduction, is the act of taking away wrongfully, as a child without the consent of the father, a ward without the consent of the guardian, or any person contrary to his or her will.

Blackstone.

Forcibleness

FORCIBLENESS, noun Force; violence.

Forcibly

FORCIBLY, adverb By violence or force.

2. Strongly; powerfully; with power or energy; impressively. The gospel offers such considerations as are fit to work very forcibly on our hopes and fears.

Tillotson.

3. Impetuously; violently; with great strength; as a stream rushing forcibly down a precipice.

Forcing

FORCING, participle of the present tense Compelling; impelling; driving; storming; ravishing.

2. Causing to ripen before the natural season, as fruit; or causing to produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree.

3. Fining wine by a speedy process.

Forcing

FORCING, noun In gardening, the art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits, at an earlier season than the natural one, by artificial heat.

Cyc.

2. The operation of fining wines by a speedy process.

Forcipated

FOR'CIPATED, adjective [from forceps.] Formed like a pair of pinchers to open and inclose; as a forcipated mouth.

Derham.

Ford

FORD, noun [Saxon ford, fyrd; German furt; from the verb faran, to go or pass, or its root.]

1. A place in a river or other water, where it may be passed by man or beast on foot, or by wading.

2. A stream; a current. Permit my ghost to pass the Stygian ford.

Dryden.

Ford

FORD, verb transitive To pass or cross a river or other water by treading or walking on the bottom; to pass through water by wading; to wade through.

Fordable

FORDABLE, adjective That may be waded or passed through on foot, as water.

Forded

FORDED, participle passive Passed through on foot; waded.

Fording

FORDING, participle of the present tense Wading; passing through on foot, as water.

Fordo

FORDO', verb transitive [Saxon fordon; for and do.] To destroy; to undo; to ruin; to weary. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Fore

FORE, adjective [Saxon fore, foran; German vor; Dutch voor; Swedish f?r; Danish for; Hindo, para; Irish for. This is the same word in origin as for, from the root of Saxon faran, to go, to advance.]

1. Properly, advanced, or being in advance of something in motion or progression; as the fore end of a chain carried in measuring land; the fore oxen or horses in a team.

2. Advanced in time; coming in advance of something; coming first; anterior; preceding; prior; as the fore part of the last century; the fore part of the day, week or year.

3. Advanced in order or series; antecedent; as the fore part of a writing or bill.

4. Being in front or towards the face; opposed to back or behind; as the fore part of a garment.

5. Going first; usually preceding the other part; as the fore part of a ship, or of a coach.

Fore

FORE, adverb In the part that precedes or goes first. In seamen's language, fore and aft signifies the whole length of the ship, or from end to end, from stem to stern.

Mar. Dict.

Fore, in composition, denotes, for the most part, priority of time; sometimes, advance in place. For the etymologies of the compounds of fore, see the principal word.

Foreadmonish

FOREADMON'ISH, verb transitive To admonish beforehand, or before the act or event.

Foreadvise

FOREADVI'SE, v. t. s as z. To advise or counsel before the time of action or before the event; to preadmonish.

Shak.

Forealledge

FOREALLEDGE, v. t. foreallej'. To alledge or cite before.

Fotherby.

Foreappoint

FOREAPPOINT', verb transitive To set, order or appoint beforehand.

Sherwood.

Foreappointment

FOREAPPOINT'MENT, noun Previous appointment; preordination.

Sherwood.

Forearm

FORE`ARM, verb transitive To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need.

South.

Forebode

FOREBO'DE, verb transitive To foretell; to prognosticate.

2. To foreknow; to be prescient of; to feel a secret sense of something future; as, my heart forebodes a sad reverse.

Forebodement

FOREBO'DEMENT, noun A presaging; presagement.

Foreboder

FOREBO'DER, noun One who forebodes; a prognosticator; a soothsayer.

L'Estrange.

2. A foreknower.

Foreboding

FOREBO'DING, ppr. Prognosticating; foretelling; foreknowing.

Foreboding

FOREBO'DING, noun Prognostication.

Forebrace

FOREBRACE, noun A rope applied to the fore yard-arm to change the position of the foresail.

Mar. Dict.

Foreby

FOREBY', prep. [fore and by.] Near; hard by; fast by. Obs.

Spenser.

Forecast

FOREC`AST, verb transitive To foresee; to provide against. It is wisdom to forecast consequences.

L'Estrange.

2. To scheme; to plan before execution. He shall forecast his devices against the strong holds. Danish xi.

3. To adjust, contrive or appoint beforehand. The time so well forecast.

Dryden.

Forecast

FOREC`AST, verb intransitive To form a scheme previously; to contrive beforehand.

Forecasting how his foe he might annoy.

Spenser.

Forecast

FO'REC`AST, noun Previous contrivance; foresight, or the antecedent determination proceeding from it; as a man of little forecast.

Forecaster

FOREC`ASTER, noun One who foresees or contrives beforehand.

Forecasting

FOREC`ASTING, participle of the present tense Contriving previously.

Forecastle

FO'RECASTLE, noun A short deck, in the forepart of a ship above the upper deck, usually terminated in ships of war with a breast-work; the foremost part forming the top of the beak-head, and the hind part reaching to the after part of the fore chains.

Mar. Dict.

Forechosen

FORECHO'SEN, a. forecho'zn. Preelected; chosen beforehand.

Forecited

FORECITED, adjective Cited or quoted before or above.

Arbuthnot.

Foreclose

FORECLO'SE, v. t. s as z. To shut up; to preclude; to stop; to prevent. The embargo with Spain foreclosed this trade.

Carew.

To foreclose a mortgager, in law, is to cut him off from his equity of redemption, or the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises, by a judgment of court.

Blackstone.

[To foreclose a mortgage is not technically correct, but is often used.]

Foreclosure

FORECLO'SURE, n. s as z. Prevention.

2. The act of foreclosing, or depriving a mortgager of the right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.

Blackstone.

Foreconceive

FORECONCEI'VE, verb transitive To preconceive.

Bacon.

Foredate

FOREDA'TE, verb transitive To date before the true time.

Foredated

FOREDA'TED, participle passive Dated before the true time.

Milton.

Foredeck

FO'REDECK, noun The forepart of a deck, or of a ship.

Foredesign

FOREDESI'GN, verb transitive To plan beforehand; to intend previously.

Cheyne.

Fore-Determine

FORE-DETERM'INE, verb transitive To decree beforehand.

Hopkins.

Foredoom

FOREDOOM', verb transitive To doom beforehand; to predestinate. Thou art foredoomed to view the Stygian state.

Dryden.

Foredoom

FOREDOOM', noun Previous doom or sentence.

Foredoor

FOREDOOR, noun The door in the front of a house.

Fore-End

FORE-END', noun The end which precedes; the anterior part.

Bacon.

Forefather

FOREF`ATHER, noun An ancestor; one who precedes another in the line of genealogy, in any degree; usually in a remote degree.

Forefend

FOREFEND', verb transitive To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent approach; to forbid or prohibit.

Dryden.

2. To defend; to guard; to secure.

Shak. This word, like the Latin arceo, is applied to the thing assailing, and to the thing assailed. To drive back or resist that which assails, is to hinder its approach, to forbid or avert, and this act defends the thing threatened or assailed.

Forefinger

FOREFIN'GER, noun The finger next to the thumb; the index; called by our Saxon ancestors, the shoot-finger, from its use in archery.

Foreflow

FOREFLOW, verb transitive To flow before.

Dryden.

Forefoot

FOREFOOT, noun One of the anterior feet of a quadruped or multiped.

2. A hand, in contempt.

Shak.

3. In a ship, a piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end.

Forefront

FOREFRONT', noun The foremost part. The forefront of the battle, is the part where the contest is most warm, and where a soldier is most exposed. 2 Samuel 11:15.

Foregame

FO'REGAME, noun A first game; first plan.

Whitlock.

Forego

FOREGO', verb transitive [See Go.] To forbear to possess or enjoy; voluntarily to avoid the enjoyment of good. Let us forego the pleasures of sense, to secure immortal bliss.

2. To give up; to renounce; to resign. But this word is usually applied to things not possessed or enjoyed, and which cannot be resigned.

3. To lose.

4. To go before; to precede. Obs.

Shak.

Foregoer

FOREGO'ER, noun An ancestor; a progenitor. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. One who goes before another.

Davies.

3. One who forbears to enjoy.

Foregoing

FOREGO'ING, participle of the present tense Forbearing to have, possess or enjoy.

2. adjective Preceding; going before, in time or place; antecedent; as a foregoing period of time; a foregoing clause in a writing.

Foregone

FOREGONE, pp. foregawn'. Forborne to be possessed or enjoyed.

Spenser.

2. Gone before; past. Obs.

Shak.

Foreground

FO'REGROUND, noun The part of the field or expanse of a picture which seems to lie before the figures.

Dryden. Johnson.

Foreguess

FOREGUESS', verb transitive To conjecture. [Bad.]

Sherwood.

Forehand

FO'REHAND, noun The part of a horse which is before the rider.

2. The chief part.

Shak.

Forehand

FO'REHAND, adjective Done sooner than is regular. And so extenuate the forehand sin.

Shak.

Forehanded

FO'REHANDED, adjective Early; timely; seasonable; as a forehanded care.

Taylor.

2. In America, in good circumstances as to property; free from debt and possessed of property; as a forehanded farmer.

3. Formed in the foreparts. A substantial true-bred beast, bravely forehanded.

Dryden.

Forehead

FOREHEAD, n. for'hed, or rather for'ed. The part of the face which extends from the hair on the top of the head to the eyes.

2. Impudence; confidence; assurance; audaciousness.

Bp. Hall. Swift.

Forhead-Bald

FOR'HEAD-BALD, adjective Bald above the forehead. Leviticus 13:47.

Forehear

FOREHE'AR, verb intransitive To be informed before.

Forehend

FOREHEND', verb transitive To seize. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Forehew

FOREHEW', verb transitive To hew or cut in front.

Sackville.

Foreholding

FOREHOLDING, noun Predictions; ominous forebodings; superstitious prognostications. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Forehook

FO'REHOOK, noun In ships, a breast-hook; a piece of timber placed across the stem to unite the bows and strengthen the forepart of the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Forehorse

FO'REHORSE, noun The horse in a team which goes foremost.

Foreign

FOREIGN, a. for'an. [French forain; Norm. forein; Spanish foraneo; from the root of Saxon faran, to go or depart; Latin foris, foras, French hors, abroad.]

1. Belonging to another nation or country; alien; not of the country in which one resides; extraneous. We call every country foreign, which is not within the jurisdiction of our own government. In this sense, Scotland before the union was foreign to England, and Canada is now foreign to the United States. More generally foreign is applied to countries more remote than an adjacent territory; as a foreign market; a foreign prince. In the United States, all transatlantic countries are foreign.

2. Produced in a distant country or jurisdiction; coming from another country; as foreign goods; goods of foreign manufacture; a foreign minister.

3. Remote; not belonging; not connected; with to or from. You dissemble; the sentiments you express are foreign to your heart. This design is foreign from my thoughts. [The use of from is preferable and best authorized.]

4. Impertinent; not pertaining; not to the purpose. The observation is foreign from the subject under consideration.

5. Excluded; not admitted; held at a distance.

Shak.

6. Extraneous; adventitious; not native or natural.

7. In law, a foreign attachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner within a city or liberty, for the satisfaction of a debt due from the foreigner to a citizen; or an attachment of the money or goods of a debtor, in the hands of another person. A foreign bill of exchange, is a bill drawn by a person in one country, on his correspondent or agent in another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is drawn by one person on another in the same jurisdiction or country.

Foreign plea, a plea or objection to a judge as incompetent to try the question, on the ground that it is not within his jurisdiction.

Encyc.

Foreigner

FOR'EIGNER, n. for'aner. A person born in a foreign country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which one speaks. A Spaniard is a foreigner in France and England. All men not born in the United States are to them foreigners, and they are aliens till naturalized. A naturalized person is a citizen; but we still call him a foreigner by birth.

Foreignness

FOR'EIGNNESS, n. for'anness. Remoteness; want of relation; as the foreignness of a subject from the main business.

Fore-Imagine

FORE-IMAG'INE, verb transitive To conceive or fancy before proof, or beforehand.

Forejudge

FOREJUDGE, v. t. forejuj'. To prejudge; to judge beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof.

2. In law, to expel from a court, for mal-practice or non-appearance. When an attorney is sued, and called to appear in court, if he declines, he is forejudged, and his name is struck from the rolls.

Forejudgment

FOREJUDG'MENT, noun Judgment previously formed.

Spenser.

Foreknow

FOREKNOW, verb transitive [See Know.] To have previous knowledge of; to foresee. Who would the miseries of man foreknow?

Dryden. For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son. Romans 8.

Foreknowable

FOREKNOWABLE, adjective That may be foreknown.

More.

Foreknower

FOREKNOWER, noun One that foreknows.

Foreknowledge

FOREKNOWL'EDGE, noun Knowledge of a thing before it happens; prescience. If I foreknew,

Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault.

Milton.

Forel

FOR'EL, noun A kind of parchment for the cover of books.

Foreland

FO'RELAND, noun A promontory or cape; a point of land extending into the sea some distance from the line of the shore; a head land; as the North and South Foreland in Kent, in England.

Forelay

FORELA'Y, verb transitive To lay wait for; to entrap by ambush.

Dryden.

2. To contrive antecedently.

Johnson.

Foreleader

FORELE'ADER, noun One who leads others by his example.

Forelend

FORELEND', verb transitive To lend or give beforehand.

Spenser.

Forelock

FO'RELOCK, noun The lock or hair that grows from the forepart of the head. Take time by the forelock.

Swift.

2. In sea language, a little flat pointed wedge of iron, used at the end of a bolt, to retain it firmly in its place.

Mar. Dict.

Forelook

FORELOOK', verb transitive To look beforehand or forward.

Spenser.

Foreman

FO'REMAN, noun The first or chief man; particularly, the chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker.

2. The chief man in a printing office or other establishment, who conducts the whole work.

Foremast

FO'REMAST, noun The mast of a ship or other vessel which is placed in the forepart or forecastle, and carries the foresail and foretop-sail yards.

Encyc.

Foremast-men, on board of ships, the men who take in the top-sails, sling the yards, furl the sails, &c.

Encyc.

Foremeant

FOREMEANT', a. forement'. Intended beforehand.

Spenser.

Forementioned

FOREMEN'TIONED, adjective Mentioned before; recited or written in a former part of the same writing or discourse.

Foremost

FO'REMOST, adjective First in place; most advanced; as the foremost troops of an army.

2. First in dignity. In honor he held the foremost rank.

Foremother

FO'REMOTHER, noun A female ancestor.

Prideaux.

Forenamed

FO'RENAMED, adjective Named or nominated before.

2. Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse.

Forenoon

FO'RENOON, noun The former part of the day, from the morning to meridian or noon. We usually call the first part of the day, from the dawn to the time of breakfast, or the hour of business, the morning, and from this period to noon, the forenoon. But the limits are not precisely defined by custom.

Forenotice

FORENO'TICE, noun Notice or information of an event before it happens.

Rymer.

Forensic

FOREN'SIC, adjective [from Latin forensis, from forum, a court.] Belonging to courts of judicature; used in courts or legal proceedings; as a forensic term; forensic eloquence or disputes.

Locke. Watts.

Foreordain

FOREORDA'IN, verb transitive To ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate; to predetermine.

Hooker.

Foreordination

FOREORDINA'TION, noun Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination; predestination.

Jackson.

Forepart

FO'REPART, noun The part first in time; as the forepart of the day or week.

2. The part most advanced in place; the anterior part; as the forepart of any moving body.

3. The beginning; as the forepart of a series.

Forepast

FO'REPAST, adjective Past before a certain time; as forepast sins. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Fore-Possessed

FORE-POSSESS'ED, adjective Holding formerly in possession; also, preoccupied; prepossessed; preengaged.

Sanderson.

Foreprize

FOREPRI'ZE, verb transitive To prize or rate beforehand.

Hooker.

Forepromised

FOREPROM'ISED, adjective Promised beforehand; preengaged.

Forequoted

FOREQUO'TED, adjective Cited before; quoted in a foregoing part of the work.

Forerank

FO'RERANK, noun The first rank; the front.

Shak.

Forereach

FORERE'ACH, upon, verb transitive In navigation, to gain or advance upon in progression or motion.

Mar. Dict.

Foreread

FORERE'AD, verb transitive To signify by tokens. Obs.

Spenser.

Forereading

FORERE'ADING, noun Previous perusal.

Hales.

Forerecited

FORERECI'TED, adjective Named or recited before.

Shak.

Foreremembered

FOREREMEM'BERED, adjective Called to mind previously.

Mountagu.

Foreright

FO'RERIGHT, adjective Ready; forward; quick.

Massinger.

Foreright

FO'RERIGHT, adverb Right forward; onward.

Beaum.

Forerun

FORERUN', verb transitive To advance before; to come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a harbinger. Heaviness foreruns the good event.

Shak.

2. To precede; to have the start of.

Graunt.

Forerunner

FORERUN'NER, noun A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others; a harbinger. My elder brothers, my forerunners came.

Dryden.

2. An ancestor or predecessor. Obs.

3. A prognostic; a sign foreshowing something to follow. Certain pains in the head, back and limbs are the forerunners of a fever.

Foresaid

FO'RESAID, adjective Spoken before. [See Aforesaid.]

Foresail

FO'RESAIL, noun A sail extended on the foreyard, which is supported by the foremast.

Foresay

FORESA'Y, verb transitive To predict; to foretell.

Shak.

Foresaying

FORESA'YING, noun A prediction.

Sherwood.

Foresee

FORESEE', verb transitive To see beforehand; to see or know an event before it happens; to have prescience of; to foreknow. A prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself. Proverbs 22.

Foreseeing

FORESEE'ING, participle of the present tense Seeing before the event.

Foreseen

FORESEE'N, participle passive Seen beforehand.

Foreseer

FORESEE'R, noun One who foresees or foreknows.

Foreseize

FORESE'IZE, verb transitive To seize beforehand.

Foreshadow

FORESHAD'OW, verb transitive To shadow or typify beforehand.

Dryden.

Foreshame

FORESHA'ME, verb transitive To shame; to bring reporach on.

Shak.

Foreshew

FORESHEW. [See Foreshow.]

Foreship

FO'RESHIP, noun The forepart of a ship. Acts 27.

Foreshorten

FORESHORT'EN, verb transitive In painting, to shorten figures for the sake of showing those behind.

Dryden.

Foreshortening

FORESHORT'ENING, noun In painting, the act of shortening figures for the sake of showing those behind.

Dryden. The art of conveying to the mind the impression of the entire length of an object, when represented as viewed in an oblique or receding position. Cyc.

Foreshow

FORESHOW, verb transitive To show beforehand; to prognosticate. Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose, Whose purple blush the day foreshows.

Denham.

2. To predict; to foretell.

3. To represent beforehand, or before it comes.

Hooker.

Foreshower

FORESHOWER, noun One who predicts.

Foreshrouds

FORESHROUDS', noun The shrouds of a ship attached to the foremast.

Foreside

FO'RESIDE, noun The front side; also, a specious outside.

Spenser.

Foresight

FO'RESIGHT, noun Prescience; foreknowledge; prognostication; the act of foreseeing.

Milton.

2. Provident care of futurity; foreknowledge accompanied with prudence in guarding against evil.

Spenser.

Foresightful

FORESIGHTFUL, adjective Prescient; provident. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Foresignify

FORESIG'NIFY, verb transitive To signify beforehand; to betoken previously; to foreshow; to typify.

Hooker.

Foreskin

FO'RESKIN, noun The skin that covers the glans penis; the prepuce.

Foreskirt

FO'RESKIRT, noun The loose and pendulous part of a coat before.

Shak.

Foreslack

FORESLACK', verb transitive To neglect by idleness. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Foreslow

FORESLOW, verb transitive To delay; to hinder; to impede; to obstruct. [Not used.] No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreslow Their hasty pace.

Fairfax.

2. To neglect; to omit. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Foreslow

FORESLOW, verb intransitive To be dilatory; to loiter. [Not used.]

Shak.

Forespeak

FORESPE'AK, verb transitive To foresay; to foreshow; to foretell or predict.

Camden.

2. To forbid. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. To bewitch. [Not used.]

Drayton.

Forespeaking

FORESPE'AKING, noun A prediction; also, a preface. [Not used.]

Forespeech

FORESPEE'CH, noun A preface. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Forespent

FORESPENT', adjective Wasted in strength; tired; exhausted.

Shak.

2. Past; as life forespent. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Forespurrer

FORESPUR'RER, noun One that rides before. [Not used.]

Shak.

Forest

FOR'EST, noun [Italian foresta; French forÃƒ-ªt; Armoric forest; German forst; Irish foraois, foraighis; Norm. fores; from the same root as Latin foris, French hors, and the Saxon faran, to go, to depart. Hence the Italian forestiere, Spanish forastero, signifies strange, foreign; Italian foresto, wild, savage; Portugese forasteiro, a stranger. This enables us to understand the radical meaning of other words which signify strange, wild, barbarous, &c. They all express distance from cities and civilization, and are from roots expressing departure or wandering.]

1. An extensive wood, or a large tract of land covered with trees. In America, the word is usually applied to a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated. It differs from wood or woods chiefly in extent. We read of the Hercynian forest, in Germany, and the forest of Ardennes, in France or Gaul.

2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory of woody grounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure. In this sense, the word has no application in America.

Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests, and preserving game.

England.

Forest

FOR'EST, verb transitive To cover with trees or wood.

Forestaff

FO'REST`AFF, noun An instrument used at sea, for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies; called also cross-staff.

Encyc.

Forestage

FOR'ESTAGE, noun An ancient service paid by foresters to the king; also, the right of foresters.

England.

Forestall

FORESTALL', verb transitive [See Stall.] To anticipate; to take beforehand. Why need a man forestall his date of grief, And run to meet what he would most avoid?

Milton.

2. To hinder by preoccupation or prevention. I will not forestall your judgment of the rest.

Pope.

3. In law, to buy or bargain for corn, or provisions of any kind, before they arrive at the market or fair, with intent to sell them at higher prices. This is a penal offense.

Encyc.

4. To deprive by something prior. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Forestalled

FORESTALL'ED, participle passive Anticipated; hindered; purchased before arrival in market.

Forestaller

FORESTALL'ER, noun One who forestalls; a person who purchases provisions before they come to the fair or market, with a view to raise the price.

Locke.

Forestalling

FORESTALL'ING, participle of the present tense Anticipating; hindering; buying provisions before they arrive in market, with intent to sell them at higher prices.

Forestalling

FORESTALL'ING, noun Anticipation; prevention; the act of buying provisions before they are offered in market, with intent to sell them at higher prices.

Forestay

FORESTAY, noun In a ship's rigging, a large strong rope reaching from the foremast head towards the bowsprit end, to support the mast.

Mar. Dict.

Forested

FOR'ESTED, participle passive Covered with trees; wooded.

Tooke.

Forester

FOR'ESTER, noun In England, an officer appointed to watch a forest, preserve the game, and institute suits for trespasses.

Encyc.

2. An inhabitant of a forest.

Shak.

3. A forest tree.

Evelyn.

Foreswat

FO'RESWAT, adjective [See Sweat.] Exhausted by heat. Obs.

Sidney.

Foretackle

FORETACK'LE, noun The tackle on the foremast.

Foretaste

FO'RETASTE, noun A taste beforehand; anticipation. The pleasure of piety are a foretaste of heaven.

Foretaste

FORETA'STE, verb transitive To taste before possession; to have previous enjoyment or experience of something; to anticipate.

2. To taste before another.

Foretasted

FORETA'STED, participle passive Tasted beforehand or before another.

Milton.

Foretaster

FORETA'STER, noun One that tastes beforehand or before another.

Foretasting

FORETA'STING, participle of the present tense Tasting before.

Foreteach

FORETE'ACH, verb transitive To teach beforehand.

Spenser.

Foretell

FORETELL', verb transitive To predict; to tell before an event happens; to prophesy.

Milton. Pope.

2. To foretoken; to foreshow.

Warton.

Foretell

FORETELL', verb intransitive To utter prediction or prophecy. All the prophets from Samuel, and those that follow after, as many as have spoken, have likewise foretold of these days. Acts 3.

Foreteller

FORETELL'ER, noun One who predicts or prophesies; a foreshower.

Boyle.

Foretelling

FORETELL'ING, noun Prediction.

Forethink

FORETHINK', verb transitive To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind. The soul of every man Perpetually does forethink thy fall.

Shak.

2. To contrive beforehand.

Bp. Hall.

Forethink

FORETHINK', verb intransitive To contrive beforehand.

Smith.

Forethought

FORETHOUGHT', forethaut'. pret. of forethink.

Forethought

FO'RETHOUGHT, n. fo'rethaut. A thinking beforehand; anticipation; prescience; premeditation.

2. Provident care.

Blackstone.

Foretoken

FORETO'KEN, verb transitive To foreshew; to presignify; to prognosticate. Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken blood.

Daniel.

Foretoken

FORETO'KEN, noun Prognostic; previous sign.

Sidney.

Foretooth

FO'RETOOTH, noun plu. foreteeth. One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.

Foretop

FO'RETOP, noun The hair on the forepart of the head.

2. That part of a woman's headdress that is forward, or the top of a periwig.

3. In ships, the platform erected at the head of the foremast. In this sense, the accent on the two syllables is nearly equal.

Foretop-Mast

FORETOP'-MAST, noun The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head of which stands the foretop-gallantmast.

Forevouched

FOREVOUCH'ED, participle passive Affirmed before; formerly told.

Shak.

Foreward

FO'REWARD, noun The van; the front. 1 Maccabees.

Forewarn

FOREWARN', v. t. forewaurn'. To admonish beforehand. I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear. Luke 12.

2. To inform previously; to give previous notice.

Milton.

3. To caution beforehand.

Dryden.

Forewarned

FOREWARN'ED, participle passive Admonished, cautioned or informed beforehand.

Forewarning

FOREWARN'ING, participle of the present tense Previously admonishing or informing.

Forewarning

FOREWARN'ING, noun Previous admonition, caution or notice.

Forewend

FOREWEND', verb transitive To go before. Obs.

Spenser.

Forewish

FOREWISH', verb transitive To wish beforehand.

Knolles.

Forewoman

FO'REWOMAN, noun A woman who is chief; the head woman.

Tatler.

Foreworn

FOREWORN, participle passive [See Wear.] Worn out; wasted or obliterated by time or use.

Sidney.

Forfeit

FOR'FEIT, v. t. for'fit. [French forfaire, forfait; Low Latin forisfacere, from Latin foris, out or abroad, and facio, to make; Norm. forface, forfeit, and forfist, forfeited.] To lose or render confiscable, by some fault, offense or crime; to lose the right to some species of property or that which belongs to one; to alienate the right to possess by some neglect or crime; as, to forfeit an estate by a breach of the condition of tenure or by treason. By the ancient laws of England, a man forfeited his estate by neglecting or refusing to fulfill the conditions on which it was granted to him, or by a breach of fealty. A man now forfeits his estate by committing treason. A man forfeits his honor or reputation by a breach of promise, and by any criminal or disgraceful act. Statutes declare that by certain acts a man shall forfeit a certain sum of money. Under the feudal system, the right to the land forfeited, vested in the lord or superior. In modern times, the right to things forfeited is generally regulated by statutes; it is vested in the state, in corporations, or in prosecutors or informers, or partly in the state or a corporation, and partly in an individual. The duelist, to secure the reputation of bravery, forfeits the esteem of good men, and the favor of heaven.

Forfeit

FOR'FEIT, n. for'fit. [French forfait; Welsh forfed; Low Latin forisfactura. Originally, and still in French, a trespass, transgression or crime. But with us, the effect of some transgression or offense.]

1. That which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienated by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty. He that murders pays the forfeit of his life. When a statute creates a penalty for a transgression, either in money or in corporal punishment, the offender who, on conviction, pays the money or suffers the punishment, pays the forfeit.

2. One whose life is forfeited. [Not used.]

Shak.

Forfeit

FOR'FEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure. And his long toils were forfeit for a look.

Dryden.

Forfeitable

FOR'FEITABLE, adjective Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.

Ã‚--For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain, and forfeitable like the lands themselves.

Blackstone.

Forfeited

FOR'FEITED, participle passive Lost or alienated by an offense, crime or breach of condition.

Forfeiting

FOR'FEITING, participle of the present tense Alienating or losing, as a right, by an offense, crime or breach of condition.

Forfeiture

FOR'FEITURE, noun The act of forfeiting; the losing of some right, privilege, estate, honor, office or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition or other act. In regard to property, forfeiture is a loss of the right to possess, but not generally the actual possession, which is to be transferred by some subsequent process. In the feudal system, a forfeiture of lands gave him in reversion or remainder a right to enter.

2. That which is forfeited; an estate forfeited; a fine or mulct. The prince enriched his treasury by fines and forfeitures.

Forfex

FOR'FEX, noun [Latin] A pair of scissors.

Pope.

Forgave

FORGA'VE, pret. of forgive, which see.

Forge

FORGE, noun [French forge; Spanish Portugese forja; probably from Latin ferrum, iron; Italian ferriera, a forge; Portugese ferragem, iron-work.]

1. A furnace in which iron or other metal is heated and hammered into form. A larger forge is called with us iron-works. Smaller forges consisting of a bellows so placed as to cast a stream of air upon ignited coals, are of various forms and uses. Armies have travelling forges, for reparing gun-carriages, &c.

2. Any place where any thing is made or shaped.

Hooker.

3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metalline bodies. In the greater bodies the forge was easy.

Bacon.

Forge

FORGE, verb transitive To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.

2. To make by any means. Names that the schools forged, and put into the mouths of scholars.

Locke.

2. To make falsely; to falsify; to counterfeit; to make in the likeness of something else; as, to forge coin; to forge a bill of exchange or a receipt.

Forged

FORGED, participle passive Hammered; beaten into shape; made; counterfeited.

Forger

FORGER, noun One that makes or forms.

2. One who counterfeits; a falsifier.

Forgery

FORGERY, noun The act of forging or working metal into shape. In this sense, rarely or never now used.

2. The act of falsifying; the crime of counterfeiting; as the forgery of coin, or of bank notes, or of a bond. Forgery may consist in counterfeiting a writing, or in setting a false name to it, to the prejudice of another person.

3. That which is forged or counterfeited. Certain letters, purporting to be written by Gen. Washington, during the revolution, were forgeries.

Forget

FORGET', verb transitive pret. forgot, [forgat, obs.] pp. forgot, forgotten. [Saxon forgetan, forgitan, forgytan; German vergessen; Dutch vergeeten; Swedish f?rg?ta; Danish forgietter; for and get.]

1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Psalm 103.

2. To slight; to neglect. Can a woman forget her sucking childÃ‚--? Yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee. Isaiah 49.

Forgetful

FORGET'FUL, adjective Apt to forget; easily losing the remembrance of. A forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.

2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive. Be not forgetful to entertain strangers. Hebrews 13.

3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious; as forgetful draughts.

Dryden.

Forgetfulness

FORGET'FULNESS, noun The quality of losing the remembrance or recollection of a thing; or rather, the quality of being apt to let any thing slip from the mind.

2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion. A sweet forgetfulness of human care.

Pope.

3. Neglect; negligence; careless omission; inattention; as forgetfulness of duty.

Hooker.

Forgetter

FORGET'TER, noun One that forgets; a heedless person.

Forgetting

FORGET'TING, participle of the present tense Losing the remembrance of.

Forgetting

FORGET'TING, noun The act of forgetting; forgetfulness; inattention.

Forgettingly

FORGET'TINGLY, adverb By forgetting or forgetfulness.

B. Jonson.

Forgivable

FORGIV'ABLE, adjective [See Forgive.] That may be pardoned.

Sherwood.

Forgive

FORGIVE, v. t. forgiv'. pret. forgave; pp. forgiven. [for and give; Saxon forgifan; Gothic fragiban; German vergeben; Dutch vergeeven; Danish forgiver; Swedish tilgifva. The sense is to give from, that is, away, as we see by the Gothic fra, from. The English for, and German and Dutch ver, are the same word, or from the same root; ver is the far. The Swedish til signifies to, and in this compound, it signifies toward or back; so in Latin remitto. See Give.]

1. To pardon; to remit, as an offense or debt; to overlook an offense, and treat the offender as not guilty. The original and proper phrase is to forgive the offense, to send it away, to reject it, that is, not to impute it, [put it to] the offender. But by an easy transition, we also use the phrase, to forgive the person offending.

Forgive us our debts.

Lord's Prayer. If ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly father will also forgive you. Matthew 6. As savages never forget a favor, so they never forgive an injury. N. Chipman. It is to be noted that pardon, like forgive, may be followed by the name or person, and by the offense; but remit can be followed by the offense only. We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him.

2. To remit as a debt, fine or penalty.

Forgiven

FORGIV'EN, participle passive Pardoned; remitted.

Forgiveness

FORGIV'ENESS, n. forgiv'ness. The act of forgiving; the pardon of an offender, by which he is considered and treated as not guilty. The forgiveness of enemies is a christian duty.

2. The pardon or remission of an offense or crime; as the forgiveness of sin or of injuries.

3. Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive. And mild forgiveness intercede To stop the coming blow.

Dryden.

4. Remission of a debt, fine or penalty.

Forgiver

FORGIV'ER, noun One who pardons or remits.

Forgiving

FORGIV'ING, participle of the present tense Pardoning; remitting.

2. adjective Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate; as a forgiving temper.

Forgot

FORGOT', or FORGOT'TEN, participle passive of forget.

Forhail

FORHA'IL, verb transitive To draw or distress. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Forinsecal

FORIN'SECAL, adjective [Latin forinsecus.] Foreign; alien. [Little used.]

Forisfamiliate

FORISFAMIL'IATE, verb transitive [Latin foris, without, and familia, family.] To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inheritance. Literally, to put one's self out of the family.

El. of Criticism.

Forisfamiliation

FORISFAMILIA'TION, noun When a child has received a portion of his father's estate, and renounces all title to a further share, his act is called forisfamiliation, and he is said to be forisfamiliated.

Encyc.

Fork

FORK, noun [Saxon forc; Dutch vork; Welsh forc; French fourche; Armoric fork; Spanish horca; Portugese Italian forca; Latin furca.]

1. An instrument consisting of a handle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more points or prongs, used for lifting or pitchiny any thing; as a tablefork for feeding; a pitchfork; a dungfork, &c. Forks are also made of ivory, wood or other material.

2. A point; as a thunderbolt with three forks. Shakspeare uses it for the point of an arrow.

3. Forks, in the plural, the point where a road parts into two; and the point where a river divides, or rather where two rivers meet and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a fork.

Fork

FORK', verb intransitive To shoot into blades, as corn.

Mortimer.

2. To divide into two; as, a road forks.

Fork

FORK, verb transitive To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay.

2. To dig and break ground with a fork.

3. To make sharp; to point.

Forked

FORK'ED, participle passive Raised, pitched or dug with a fork.

2. adjective Opening into two or more parts, points or shoots; as a forked tongue; the forked lightning.

3. Having two or more meanings. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Forkedly

FORK'EDLY, adverb In a forked form.

Forkedness

FORK'EDNESS, noun The quality of opening into two or more parts.

Forkhead

FORK'HEAD, noun The point of an arrow.

Spenser.

Forktail

FORK'TAIL, noun A salmon, in his fourth year's growth. [Local.]

Forky

FORK'Y, adjective Forked; furcated; opening into two or more parts, shoots or points; as a forky tongue.

Pope.

Forlore

FORLO'RE, adjective Forlorn. [Not in use.]

Forlorn

FORLORN', adjective [Saxon forloren, from forleoran, to send away, to relinquish, to desert, to lose; leoran, to pass, to migrate; Dutch verlooren; Danish forloren, from forlorer, Swedish f?rlora, to lose. Class Lr.]

1. Deserted; destitute; stripped or deprived; forsaken. Hence, lost; helpless; wretched; solitary. Of fortune and of hope at once forlorn.

Hubberd. To live again in these wild woods forlorn.

Milton. For here forlorn and lost I tread.

Goldsmith.

2. Taken away. Obs. When as night hath us of light forlorn.

Spenser.

3. Small; despicable; in a ludicrous sense.

Shak.

Forlorn hope, properly, a desperate case; hence in military affairs, a detachment of men appointed to lead in an assault, to storm a counterscarp, enter a breach, or perform other service attended with uncommon peril.

Forlorn

FORLORN', noun A lost, forsaken, solitary person.

Shak.

Forlornness

FORLORN'NESS, noun Destitution; misery; a forsaken or wretched condition.

Boyle.

Forlye

FORLYE, verb intransitive To lye before. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Form

FORM, noun [Latin forma; French forme; Spanish forma, horma; Italian forma; Irish foirm; Dutch vorm; German form; Swedish and Danish form. The root of this word is not certainly known. The primary sense is probably to set, to fix, to fit. The Dutch vormen, is rendered, to form, to shape, to mold, to confirm; and form may be allied to firm.]

1. The shape or external appearance of a body; the figure, as defined by lines and angles; that manner of being peculiar to each body, which exhibits it to the eye as distinct from every other body. Thus we speak of the form of a circle, the form of a square or triangle, a circular form, the form of the head or of the human body, a handsome form, an ugly form, a frightful form. Matter is the basis or substratum of bodies; form is the particular disposition of matter in each body which distinguishes its appearance from that of every other body. The form of his visage was changed. Danish iii. After that he appeared in another form to two of them, as they walked. Mark 16.

2. Manner of arranging particulars; disposition of particular things; as a form of words or expressions.

3. Model; draught; pattern. Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me. 2 Timothy 1.

4. Beauty; elegance; splendor; dignity. He hath no form nor comeliness. Isaiah 53.

5. Regularity; method; order. This is a rough draught to be reduced to form.

6. External appearance without the essential qualities; empty show. Having the form of godliness, but denying the power thereof. 2 Timothy 3.

7. Stated method; established practice; ritual or prescribed mode; as the forms of public worship; the forms of judicial proceeding; forms of civility.

8. Ceremony; as, it is a mere matter of form.

9. Determinate shape. The earth was without form, and void. Genesis 1.

10. Likeness; image. Who, being in the form of GodÃ‚-- Philippians 2. He took on him the form of a servant. Ibm.

11. Manner; system; as a form of government; a monarchical or republican form.

12. Manner of arrangement; disposition of component parts; as the interior form or structure of the flesh or bones, or of other bodies.

13. A long seat; a bench without a back.

Watts.

14. In schools, a class; a rank of students.

Dryden.

15. The seat or bed of a hare.

Prior.

16. A mold; something to give shape, or on which things are fashioned.

Encyc.

17. In printing, an assemblage of types, composed and arranged in order, disposed into pages or columns, and inclosed and locked in a chase, to receive an impression.

18. Essential form, is that mode of existence which constitutes a thing what it is, and without which it could not exist. Thus water and light have each its particular form of existence, and the parts of water being decomposed, it ceases to be water. Accidental form is not necessary to the existence of a body. Earth is earth still, whatever may be its color.

Form

FORM, verb transitive [Latin formo.] To make or cause to exist. And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground. Genesis 2.

2. To shape; to mold or fashion into a particular shape or state; as, to form an image of stone or clay.

3. To plan; to scheme; to modify.

Dryden.

4. To arrange; to combine in a particular manner; as, to form a line or square of troops.

5. To adjust; to settle. Our differences with the Romanists are thus formed into an interestÃ‚--

Decay of Piety.

6. To contrive; to invent; as, to form a design or scheme.

7. To make up; to frame; to settle by deductions of reason; as, to form an opinion or judgment; to form an estimate.

8. To mold; to model by instruction and discipline; as, to form the mind to virtuous habits by education.

9. To combine; to unite individuals into a collective body; as, to form a society for missions.

10. To make; to establish. The subscribers are formed by law into a corporation. They have formed regulations for their government.

11. To compile; as, to form a body of laws or customs; to form a digest.

12. To constitute; to make. Duplicity forms no part of his character. These facts form a safe foundation for our conclusions. The senate and house of representatives form the legislative body.

13. In grammar, to make by derivation, or by affixes or prefixes. Latin do, in the preterit, forms dedi.

14. To enact; to make; to ordain; as, to form a law or an edict.

Form

FORM, verb intransitive To take a form.

Formal

FORM'AL, adjective According to form; agreeable to established mode; regular; methodical.

2. Strictly ceremonious; precise; exact to affectation; as a man formal in his dress, his gait or deportment.

3. Done in due form, or with solemnity; express; according to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular. He gave his formal consent to the treaty.

4. Regular; methodical; as the formal stars.

Waller.

5. Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence; external; as formal duty; formal worship.

6. Depending on customary forms. Still in constraint your suffering sex remains, Or bound in formal or in real chains.

Pope.

7. Having the power of making a thing what it is; constituent; essential. Of letters the material part is breath and voice; the formal is constituted by the motions and figure of the organs of speech.

Holder.

8. Retaining its proper and essential characteristic; regular; proper. To make of him a formal man again.

Shak.

Formalism

FORM'ALISM, noun Formality. [The latter is generally used.]

Burke.

Formalist

FORM'ALIST, noun One who observes forms, or practices external ceremonies. More generally.

2. One who regards appearances only, or observes the forms of worship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion; a hypocrite. A grave face and the regular practice of ceremonies have often gained to a formalist the reputation of piety.

Formality

FORMAL'ITY, noun The practice or observance of forms.

Formalities of extraordinary zeal and piety are never more studied and elaborate than in desperate designs.

K. Charles.

2. Ceremony; mere conformity to customary modes. Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of formality and custom, but of conscience.

Atterbury.

3. Established order; rule of proceeding; mode; method; as the formalities of judicial process; formalities of law.

4. Order; decorum to be observed; customary mode of behavior.

L'Estrange.

5. Customary mode of dress; habit; robe.

Swift.

6. External appearance.

Glanville.

7. Essence; the quality which constitutes a thing what it is. The formality of the vow lies in the promise made to God.

Stillingfleet.

8. In the schools, the manner in which a thing is conceived; or a manner in an object, importing a relation to the understanding, by which it may be distinguished from another object. Thus animality and rationality are formalities.

Encyc.

Formalize

FORM'ALIZE, verb transitive To model. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Formalize

FORM'ALIZE, verb intransitive To affect formality. [Little used.]

Hales.

Formally

FORM'ALLY, adverb According to established form, rule, order, rite or ceremony. A treaty was concluded and formally ratified by both parties.

2. Ceremoniously; stiffly; precisely; as, to be stiff and formally reserved.

3. In open appearance; in a visible and apparent state. You and your followers do stand formally divided against the authorized guides of the church, and the rest of the people.

Hooker.

4. Essentially; characteristically. That which formally makes this [charity] a christian grace, is the spring from which it flows.

Smalridge.

Formation

FORMA'TION, noun [French from Latin formatio.] The act of forming or making; the act of creating or causing to exist; or more generally, the operation of composing; by bringing materials together, or of shaping and giving form; as the formation of the earth; the formation of a state or constitution.

2. Generation; production; as the formation of ideas.

3. The manner in which a thing is formed. Examine the peculiar formation of the heart.

4. In grammar, the act or manner of forming one word from another, as controller from control.

5. In geology, formation may signify a single mass of one kind of rock, more or less extensive, or a collection of mineral substances, formed by the same agent, under the same or similar circumstances; or it may convey the idea, that certain masses or collections of minerals were formed not only by the same agent, but also at the same time. In this latter sense the term is almost always employed.

Cleaveland.

Formative

FORM'ATIVE, adjective Giving form; having the power of giving form; plastic. The meanest plant cannot be raised without seeds, by any formative power residing in the soil.

Bentley.

2. In grammar, serving to form; derivative; not radical; as a termination merely formative.

Formed

FORM'ED, participle passive Made; shaped; molded; planned; arranged; combined; enacted; constituted.

Formedon

FORM'EDON, noun [forma doni.] A writ for the recovery of lands by statute of West-minster.

Law.

Former

FORM'ER, noun He that forms; a maker; an author.

Former

FOR'MER, adjective comp. deg. [Saxon form, forma, but it is rendered primus, first. The Saxon word seems to be composed of fore and ma, more; but of this I am not confident.]

1. Before in time; preceding another or something else in order of time; opposed to latter. Her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled. Deuteronomy 24. The former and the latter rain. Jer. 5.

2. Past, and frequently ancient, long past. For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age. Job 8.

3. Near the beginning; preceding; as the former part of a discourse or argument.

4. Mentioned before another. A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man may be the former merely through the misfortune of want of judgment; but he cannot be the latter without both that and an ill temper.

Pope.

Formerly

FOR'MERLY, adverb In time past, either in time immediately preceding, or at any indefinite distance; of old; heretofore. We formerly imported slaves from Africa. Nations formerly made slaves of prisoners taken in war.

Formful

FORM'FUL, adjective Ready to form; creative; imaginative.

Thomson.

Formiate

FOR'MIATE, noun [from Latin formica, an ant.] A neutral salt, composed of the formic acid and a base.

Formic

FOR'MIC, adjective [Latin formica, an ant.] Pertaining to ants; as the formic acid, the acid of ants.

Formication

FORMICA'TION, noun [Latin formicatio, from formico, or formica, an ant.] A sensation of the body resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the skin.

Formidable

FORM'IDABLE, adjective [Latin formidabilis, from formido, fear.] Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter from approach, encounter or undertaking. It expresses less than terrible, terrific, tremendous, horrible, and frightful. They seemed to fear the formidable sight.

Dryden. I swell my preface into a volume, and make it formidable, when you see so many pages behind. Dryden.

Formidableness

FORM'IDABLENESS, noun The quality of being formidable, or adapted to excite dread.

Formidably

FORM'IDABLY, adverb In a manner to impress fear.

Formless

FORM'LESS, adjective [from form.] Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity of shape.

Shak.

Formula

FORM'ULA, or FORM'ULE, noun [Latin] A prescribed form; a rule or model.

2. In medicine, a prescription.

3. In church affairs, a confession of faith.

Encyc.

4. In mathematics, a general expression for resolving certain cases or problems.

Cyc.

Formulary

FORM'ULARY, noun [French formulaire, from Latin formula.] A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers and the like; a book of precedents.

Encyc.

2. Prescribed form.

Formulary

FORM'ULARY, adjective Stated; prescribed; ritual.

Johnson.

Fornicate

FORN'ICATE, or FORN'ICATED, adjective [Latin fornicatus, from fornix, an arch.] Arched; vaulted like an oven or furnace.

Encyc.

Fornicate

FORN'ICATE, verb intransitive [Latin fornicor, from fornix, a brothel.] To commit lewdness, as an unmarried man or woman, or as a married man with an unmarried woman. If a brahmen fornicate with a Nayr woman, he shall not thereby lose his cast.

As. Researches.

Fornication

FORNICA'TION, noun [Latin fornicatio.] The incontinence or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female; also, the criminal conversation of a married man with an unmarried woman.

Laws of Connecticut.

2. Adultery. Matthew 5.

3. Incest. 1 Corinthians 5.

4. Idolatry; a forsaking of the true God, and worshipping of idols. 2 Chronicles 21. Revelation 19.

5. An arching; the forming of a vault.

Fornicator

FORN'ICATOR, noun An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal conversation with the other sex; also, a married man who has sexual commerce with an unmarried woman. [See Adultery.]

2. A lewd person.

3. An idolater.

Fornicatress

FORN'ICATRESS, noun An unmarried female guilty of lewdness.

Shak.

Forpass

FORP`ASS, verb intransitive To go by; to pass unnoticed. Obs.

Spenser.

Forpine

FORPI'NE, verb intransitive To pine or waste away. Obs.

Spenser.

Forray

FORRA'Y, verb transitive To ravage. Obs.

Spenser.

[Qu. forage.]

Forray

FORRA'Y, noun The act of ravaging. Obs.

Forsake

FORSA'KE, verb transitive pret. forsook; pp. forsaken. [Saxon forsacan, forsoecan; for, a negative, and secan, to seek. See Seek. Swedish f?rsaka, Danish forsager, German versagen, Dutch verzaaken, to deny, to renounce. See Seek and Say.]

1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart from. Friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity.

Forsake the foolish, and live. Proverbs 9.

2. To abandon; to renounce; to reject. If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgmentsÃ‚-- Psalm 89. Cease from anger, and forsake wrath. Psalm 37.

3. To leave; to withdraw from; to fail. In anger, the color forsakes the cheeks. In severe trials, let not fortitude forsake you.

4. In scripture, God forsakes his people, when he withdraws his aid, or the light of his countenance.

Brown.

Forsaker

FORSA'KER, noun One that forsakes or deserts.

Forsaken

FORSA'KEN, participle passive Deserted; left; abandoned.

Forsaking

FORSA'KING, participle of the present tense Leaving or deserting.

Forsaking

FORSA'KING, noun The act of deserting; dereliction.

Forsay

FORSA'Y, verb transitive To forbid; to renounce. Obs.

Spenser.

Forslack

FORSLACK', verb transitive To delay. Obs.

Spenser.

Forsooth

FORSOOTH', adverb [Saxon forsothe; for and soth, true.] In truth; in fact; certainly; very well. A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm.

Hayward.

It is generally used in an ironical or contemptuous sense.

Forster

FORS'TER, noun A forester. Obs.

Chaucer.

Forswear

FORSWEAR, verb transitive pret. forswore; pp. forsworn. [Saxon forswoerian; Danish forsvoerer; Swedish f?rsv?ra; German verschwÃƒ-¶ren, abschwÃƒ-¶ren; Dutch afzweeren. See Swear and Answer.]

1. To reject or renounce upon oath.

Shak.

2. To deny upon oath. Like innocence, and as serenely bold As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold.

Dryden.

To forswear one's self, is to swear falsely; to perjure one's self. Thou shalt not forswear thyself. Matthew 5.

Forswear

FORSWEAR, verb intransitive To swear falsely; to commit perjury.

Shak.

Forswearer

FORSWEARER, noun One who rejects on oath; one who is perjured; one that swears a false oath.

Forswearing

FORSWEARING, participle of the present tense Denying on oath; swearing falsely.

Forswonk

FORSWONK', adjective [Saxon swincan, to labor.] Overlabored. Obs.

Spenser.

Forswore

FORSWORE, preterit tense of forswear.

Forsworn

FORSWORN, participle passive of forswear. Renounced on oath; perjured.

Forswornness

FORSWORNNESS, noun The state of being forsworn.

Manning.

Fort

FORT, noun [French fort; Italian Portugese forte; Spanish fuerte, fuerza; Latin fortis, strong.]

1. A fortified place; usually, a small fortified place; a place surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; also, any building or place fortified for security against an enemy; a castle.

2. A strong side, opposed to weak side or foible.

Forte

FORTE, adverb [Ital.] A direction to sing with strength of voice.

Forted

FORTED, adjective Furnished with forts; guarded by forts.

Shak.

Forth

FORTH, adverb [Saxon forth; German fort; Dutch voort; from fore, for, faran, to go, to advance.]

1. Forward; onward in time; in advance; as from that day forth; from that time forth.

2. Forward in place or order; as one, two, three, and so forth.

3. Out; abroad; noting progression or advance from a state of confinement; as, the plants in spring put forth leaves. When winter past, and summer scarce begun, Invites them forth to labor in the sun.

Dryden.

4. Out; away; beyond the boundary of a place; as, send him forth of France. [Little used.]

5. Out into public view, or public character. Your country calls you forth into its service.

6. Thoroughly; from beginning to end. Obs.

Shak.

7. On to the end. Obs.

Forth

FORTH, preposition Out of. From forth the streets of Pomfret.

Shak. Some forth their cabins peep. Donne.

Forth-Coming

FORTH-COM'ING, adjective [See Come.] Ready to appear; making appearance. Let the prisoner be forth-coming.

Forthink

FORTHINK', verb transitive To repent of. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Forth-Issuing

FORTH-IS'SUING, adjective [See Issue.] Issuing; coming out; coming forward as from a covert.

Pope.

Forthright

FORTHRIGHT, adverb [See Right.] Straight forward; in a straight direction. Obs.

Sidney.

Forthright

FORTHRIGHT, noun A straight path. Obs.

Shak.

Forthward

FORTHWARD, adverb Forward.

Bp. Fisher.

Forthwith

FORTHWITH', adverb [forth and with.] Immediately; without delay; directly. Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received his sight forthwith. Acts 9.

Forthy

FO'RTHY, adverb [Saxon forthi.] Therefore. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Fortieth

FOR'TIETH, adjective [See Forty.] The fourth tenth; noting the number next after the thirty ninth.

Fortifiable

FOR'TIFIABLE, adjective That may be fortified. [Little used.]

Fortification

FORTIFICA'TION, noun [See Fortify.] The act of fortifying.

2. The art or science of fortifying places to defend them against an enemy, by means of moats, ramparts, parapets and other bulwarks.

Encyc.

3. The works erected to defend a place against attack.

4. A fortified place; a fort; a castle.

5. Additional strength.

Fortifier

FOR'TIFIER, noun One who erects works for defense.

Carew.

2. One who strengthens, supports and upholds; that which strengthens.

Sidney.

Fortify

FOR'TIFY, verb transitive [French fortifier; Spanish fortificar; Italian fortificare.]

1. To surround with a wall, ditch, palisades or other works, with a view to defend against the attacks of an enemy; to strengthen and secure by forts, batteries and other works of art; as, to fortify a city, town or harbor.

2. To strengthen against any attack; as, to fortify the mind against sudden calamity.

3. To confirm; to add strength and firmness to; as, to fortify an opinion or resolution; to fortify hope or desire.

4. To furnish with strength or means of resisting force, violence or assault.

Fortify

FOR'TIFY, verb intransitive To raise strong places.

Milton.

Fortilage

FORTILAGE, noun A little fort; a block-house. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Fortin

FORTIN, noun [French] A little fort; a field fort; a sconce.

Shak.

Fortitude

FOR'TITUDE, noun [Latin fortitudo, from fortis, strong.] That strength or firmness of mind or soul which enables a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression or despondency. Fortitude is the basis or source of genuine courage or intrepidity in danger, of patience in suffering, of forbearance under injuries, and of magnanimity in all conditions of life. We sometimes confound the effect with the cause, and use fortitude as synonymous with courage or patience; but courage is an active virtue or vice, and patience is the effect of fortitude.

Fortitude is the guard and support of the other virtues.

Locke.

Fortlet

FORTLET, noun A little fort.

Fortnight

FORT'NIGHT, n. fort'nit. [contracted from fourteen nights, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters; so also, sevennights, sennight, a week. Non dierum numerum, ut nos, sed noctium computant. Tacitus.] The space of fourteen days; two weeks.

Fortress

FOR'TRESS, noun [French forteresse; Italian fortezza; from fort, forte, strong.]

1. Any fortified place; a fort; a castle; a strong hold; a place of defense or security. The English have a strong fortress on the rock of Gibraltar, or that rock is a fortress.

2. Defense; safety; security. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. Psalm 18.

Fortress

FOR'TRESS, verb transitive To furnish with fortresses; to guard; to fortify.

Shak.

Fortressed

FOR'TRESSED, adjective Defended by a fortress; protected; secured.

Spenser.

Fortuitous

FORTU'ITOUS, adjective [Latin fortuitus, from the root of fors, forte, fortuna; French fortuit; Italian Spanish fortuito. The primary sense is to come, to fall, to happen. See Fare.] Accidental; casual; happening by chance; coming or occurring unexpectedly, or without any known cause. We speak of fortuitous events, when they occur without our foreseeing or expecting them, and of a fortuitous concourse of atoms, when we suppose the concourse not to result from the design and power of a controlling agent. But an event cannot be in fact fortuitous. [See Accidental and Casual.]

Fortuitously

FORTU'ITOUSLY, adverb Accidentally; casually; by chance.

Fortuitousness

FORTU'ITOUSNESS, noun The quality of being accidental; accident; chance.

Fortunate

FOR'TUNATE, adjective [Latin fortunatus. See Fortune.] Coming by good luck or favorable chance; bringing some unexpected good; as a fortunate event; a fortunate concurrence of circumstances; a fortunate ticket in a lottery.

2. Lucky; successful; receiving some unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; as a fortunate adventurer in a lottery. I was most fortunate thus unexpectedly to meet my friend.

3. Successful; happy; prosperous; receiving or enjoying some good in consequence of efforts, but where the event was uncertain, and not absolutely in one's power. The brave man is usually fortunate. We say, a fortunate competitor for a fair lady, or for a crown.

Fortunately

FOR'TUNATELY, adverb Luckily; successfully; happily; by good fortune, or favorable chance or issue.

Fortunateness

FOR'TUNATENESS, noun Good luck; success; happiness.

Sidney.

Fortune

FOR'TUNE, noun [French from Latin fortuna; Spanish and Italian fortuna; Armoric fortun; from the root of Saxon faran, to go, or Latin fero or porto. So in Dutch gebeuren, to happen, to fall, from the root of bear; gebeurtenis, an event. We find the same word in opportunus, [ob-portunus,] seasonable. The primary sense is an event, that which comes or befalls. So French heureux, from heure, hour, that is, time, season, and Latin tempestivus. See Hour and Time. The Russian pora, time, season, is of this family, and fortune is closely allied to it.]

1. Properly, chance; accident; luck; the arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner. Hence the heathens deified chance, and consecrated temples and altars to the goddess. Hence the modern use of the word, for a power supposed to distribute the lots of life, according to her own humor. Though fortune's malice overthrow my state.

Shak.

2. The good or ill that befalls man. In you the fortune of Great Britain lies.

Dryden.

3. Success, good or bad; event. Our equal crimes shall equal fortune give.

Dryden.

4. The chance of life; means of living; wealth. His father dying, he was driven to London to seek his fortune.

Swift.

5. Estate; possessions; as a gentleman of small fortune.

6. A large estate; great wealth. This is often the sense of the word standing alone or unqualified; as a gentleman or lady of fortune. To the ladies we say, beware of fortune-hunters.

7. The portion of a man or woman; generally of a woman.

8. Futurity; future state or events; destiny. The young are anxious to have their fortunes told. You who men's fortunes in their faces read.

Cowley.

Fortune

FOR'TUNE, verb transitive To make fortunate. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

2. To dispose fortunately or not; also, to presage. Obs.

Dryden.

Fortune

FOR'TUNE, verb intransitive To befall; to fall out; to happen; to come casually to pass. It fortuned the same night that a christian serving a Turk in the camp, secretly gave the watchmen warning.

Knolles.

Fortunebook

FOR'TUNEBOOK, noun A book to be consulted to discover future events.

Crashaw.

Fortuned

FOR'TUNED, adjective Supplied by fortune.

Shak.

Fortune-Hunter

FOR'TUNE-HUNTER, noun A man who seeks to marry a woman with a large portion, with a view to enrich himself.

Addison.

Fortuneless

FOR'TUNELESS, adjective Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion.

Fortunetell

FOR'TUNETELL, verb transitive To tell or pretend to tell the future events of one's life; to reveal futurity.

Shak.

Fortuneteller

FOR'TUNETELLER, noun One who tells or pretends to foretell the events of one's life; an impostor who deceives people by pretending to a knowledge of future events.

Fortunetelling

FOR'TUNETELLING, participle of the present tense Telling the future events of one's life.

Fortunetelling

FOR'TUNETELLING, noun The act or practice of foretelling the future fortune or events of one's life, which is a punishable crime.

Fortunize

FOR'TUNIZE, verb transitive To regulate the fortune of. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Forty

FOR'TY, adjective [Saxon feowertig; feower, four, and tig, ten. See Four.]

1. Four times ten.

2. An indefinite number; a colloquial use. A, B and C, and forty more.

Swift.

Forum

FO'RUM, noun [Latin See Fair.] In Rome, a public place, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people; also, a market place. Hence,

2. A tribunal; a court; any assembly empowered to hear and decide causes; also, jurisdiction.

Forwander

FORWANDER, verb intransitive To wander away; to rove wildly. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Forward

FOR'WARD, adverb [Saxon forweard; for, fore, and weard, turned, Latin versus; directed to the forepart. Forwards is also used, but it is a corruption.] Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; progressively; opposed to backward. Go forward; move forward. He ran backward and forward. In a ship, forward denotes toward the forepart.

Forward

FOR'WARD, adjective Near or at the forepart; in advance of something else; as the forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a fleet; the forward horse in a team.

2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined. Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was forward to do. Galatians 2.

3. Ardent; eager; earnest; violent. Or lead the forward youth to noble war.

Prior.

4. Bold; confident; less reserved or modest than is proper; in an ill sense; as, the boy is too forward for his years.

5. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for the season. The grass or the grain is forward, or forward for the season; we have a forward spring.

6. Quick; hasty; too ready. Be not forward to speak in public. Prudence directs that we be not too forward to believe current reports.

7. Anterior; fore. Let us take the instant by the forward top.

Shak.

8. Advanced; not behindhand.

Shak.

Forward

FOR'WARD, verb transitive To advance; to help onward; to promote; as, to forward a good design.

2. To accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; as, to forward the growth of a plant; to forward one in improvement.

3. To send forward; to send towards the place of destination; to transmit; as, to forward a letter or dispatches.

Forwarded

FOR'WARDED, participle passive Advanced; promoted; aided in progress; quickened; sent onward; transmitted.

Forwarder

FOR'WARDER, noun He that promotes, or advances in progress.

Forwarding

FOR'WARDING, participle of the present tense Advancing; promoting; aiding in progress; accelerating in growth; sending onwards; transmitting.

Forwardly

FOR'WARDLY, adverb Eagerly; hastily; quickly.

Atterbury.

Forwardness

FOR'WARDNESS, noun Cheerful readiness; promptness. It expresses more than willingness. We admire the forwardness of christians in propagating the gospel.

2. Eagerness; ardor. It is sometimes difficult to restrain the forwardness of youth.

3. Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty. In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of forwardness and assurance.

Addison.

4. A state of advance beyond the usual degree; as the forwardness of spring or of corn.

Forwaste

FORWA'STE, verb transitive To waste; to desolate. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Forweary

FORWE'ARY, verb transitive To dispirit. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Forweep

FORWEE'P, verb intransitive To weep much.

Chaucer.

Forword

FOR'WORD, noun [fore and word.] A promise. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Foss

FOSS, noun [French fosse; Spanish fosa; Latin Italian fossa; from fossus, fodio, to dig. Class Bd.]

1. A ditch or moat; a word used in fortification.

2. In anatomy, a kind of cavity in a bone, with a large aperture.

Encyc.

Fossil

FOS'SIL, adjective [French fossile; Spanish fosil; Italian fossile; Latin fossilis, from fodio, fossus, to dig.]

1. Dug out of the earth; as fossil coal; fossil salt. The term fossil is now usually appropriated to those inorganic substances, which have become penetrated by earthy or metallic particles. Thus we say, fossil shells, fossil bones, fossil wood.

Cleaveland.

2. That may be taken from the earth by digging.

Fossil

FOS'SIL, noun A substance dug from the earth, or penetrated with earthy or metallic particles. Fossils are native or extraneous. Native fossils are minerals, properly so called, as earths, salts, combustibles and metallic bodies. Extraneous fossils are bodies of vegetable or animal origin accidentally buried in the earth, as plants, shells, bones and other substances, many of which are petrified.

Encyc.

Fossil-Copal

FOSSIL-COPAL, noun Highgate resin; a resinous substance found in perforating the bed of blue clay at Highgate, near London. It appears to be a true vegetable gum or resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth.

Cyc. Aikin.

Fossilist

FOS'SILIST, noun One who studies the nature and properties of fossils; one who is versed in the science of fossils.

Black.

Fossilization

FOSSILIZA'TION, noun The act or process of converting into a fossil or petrifaction.

Journ. of Science.

Fossilize

FOS'SILIZE, verb transitive To convert into a fossil; as, to fossilize bones or wood.

Ibm.

Fossilize

FOS'SILIZE, verb intransitive To become or be changed into a fossil.

Fossilized

FOS'SILIZED, participle passive Converted into a fossil.

Fossilizing

FOS'SILIZING, participle of the present tense Changing into a fossil.

Fossilogy

FOSSIL'OGY, noun [fossil, and Greek, discourse.] A discourse or treatise on fossils; also, the science of fossils.

Fossroad

FOSS'ROAD, or FOSS'WAY, noun A Roman military way in England, leading from Totness through Exeter to Barton on the Humber; so called from the ditches on each side.

Encyc.

Foster

FOS'TER, verb transitive [Saxon fostrian, from foster, a nurse or food; Swedish and Danish foster, a child, one fed; Danish fostrer, to nurse. I suspect this word to be from food, quasi, foodster, for this is the Dutch word, voedster, a nurse, from voeden, to feed; Dutch voedsterheer, a foster-father.]

1. To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up. Some say that ravens foster forlorn children.

Shak.

3. To cherish; to forward; to promote growth. The genial warmth of spring fosters the plants.

3. To cherish; to encourage; to sustain and promote; as, to foster passion or genius.

Foster

FOS'TER, verb intransitive To be nourished or trained up together.

Spenser.

Fosterage

FOS'TERAGE, noun The charge of nursing.

Raleigh.

Foster-Brother

FOS'TER-BROTHER, noun A male nursed at the same breast, or fed by the same nurse.

Foster-Child

FOS'TER-CHILD, noun A child nursed by a woman not the mother, or bred by a man not the father.

Addison.

Foster-Dam

FOS'TER-DAM, noun A nurse; one that performs the office of a mother by giving food to a child.

Dryden.

Foster-Earth

FOS'TER-EARTH, noun Earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil.

Philips.

Fostered

FOS'TERED, participle passive Nourished; cherished; promoted.

Fosterer

FOS'TERER, noun A nurse; one that feeds and nourishes in the place of parents.

Davies.

Foster-Father

FOS'TER-F`ATHER, noun One who takes the place of a father in feeding and educating a child.

Bacon.

Fostering

FOS'TERING, participle of the present tense Nursing; cherishing; bringing up.

Fostering

FOS'TERING, noun The act of nursing, nourishing and cherishing.

2. Nourishment.

Chaucer.

Fosterling

FOS'TERLING, noun A fosterchild.

B. Jonson.

Fosterment

FOS'TERMENT, noun Food; nourishment. [Not used.]

Foster-Mother

FOS'TER-MOTHER, noun A nurse.

Foster-Nurse

FOS'TER-NURSE, noun A nurse. [Tautological.]

Foster-Sister

FOS'TER-SISTER, noun A female nursed by the same person.

Swift.

Foster-Son

FOS'TER-SON, noun One fed and educated, like a son, though not a son by birth.

Dryden.

Fostress

FOS'TRESS, noun A female who feeds and cherishes; a nurse.

B. Jonson.

Fother

FOTH'ER, noun [German fuder, a tun or load; Dutch voeder; Saxon fother, food, fodder, and a mass of lead, from the sense of stuffing, crowding. See Food.] A weight of lead containing eight pigs, and every pig twenty one stone and a half. But the fother is of different weights. With the plumbers in London it is nineteen hundred and a half, and at the mines, it is twenty two hundred and a half.

Encyc.

Fother

FOTH'ER, verb transitive [from stuffing. See the preceding word.] To endeavor to stop a leak in the bottom of a ship, while afloat, by letting down a sail by the corners, and putting chopped yarn, oakum, wool, cotton, &c. between it and the ship's sides. These substances are sometimes sucked into the cracks and the leak stopped.

Mar. Dict.

Fothering

FOTH'ERING, participle of the present tense Stopping leaks, as above.

Fothering

FOTH'ERING, noun The operation of stopping leaks in a ship, as above.

Fougade

FOUG'ADE, noun [French fougade; Spanish fogdda; from Latin focus.] In the art of war, a little mine, in the form of a well, 8 or 10 feet wide, and 10 or 12 deep, dug under some work, fortification or post, charged with sacks of powder and covered with stones or earth, for destroying the works by explosion.

Encyc.

Fought

FOUGHT, preterit tense and participle passive of fight; pron. faut. [See Fight.]

Foughten

FOUGHTEN, for fought, Obs.

Foul

FOUL, adjective [Saxon ful, faul; Dutch vuil; German faul; Danish foel. In Chaldee with a prefix, nabail, to defile. The Syriac with a different prefix, tafel, to defile. It coincides in elements with full, and probably the primary sense of both is to put or throw on, or to stuff, to crowd. See the signification of the word in seamen's language.]

1. Covered with or containing extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or offensive; filthy; dirty; not clean; as a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul chimney. My face is foul with weeping. Job 16.

2. Turbid; thick; muddy; as foul water; a foul stream.

3. Impure; polluted; as a foul mouth.

Shak.

4. Impure; scurrilous; obscene or profane; as foul words; foul language.

5. Cloudy and stormy; rainy or tempestuous; as foul weather.

6. Impure; defiling; as a foul disease.

7. Wicked; detestable; abominable; as a foul deed; a foul spirit. BabylonÃ‚--the hold of every foul spirit. Revelation 18.

8. Unfair; not honest; not lawful or according to established rules or customs; as foul play.

9. Hateful; ugly; loathsome. Hast thou forgot The foul witch Sycorax.

Shak.

10. Disgraceful; shameful; as a foul defeat. Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?

Milton.

11. Coarse; gross. They are all for rank and foul feeding.

Felton.

12. Full of gross humors or impurities. You perceive the body of our kingdom, How foul it is.

Shak.

13. Full of weeds; as, the garden is very foul.

14. Among seamen, entangled; hindered from motion; opposed to clear; as, a rope is foul.

15. Covered with weeds or barnacles; as, the ship has a foul bottom.

16. Not fair; contrary; as a foul wind.

17. Not favorable or safe; dangerous; as a foul road or bay.

To fall foul, is to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable violence.

2. To run against; as, the ship fell foul of her consort. These latter phrases show that this word is allied to the French fouler, full, the sense of which is to press.

Foul

FOUL, verb transitive [Saxon fulian, gefylan.] To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to bemire; to soil; as, to foul the clothes; to foul the face or hands. Ezekiel 34:18.

Foulder

FOUL'DER, verb intransitive To emit great heat. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Fouled

FOUL'ED, participle passive Defiled; dirtied.

Foulfaced

FOUL'FACED, adjective Having an ugly or hateful visage.

Shak.

Foulfeeding

FOULFEE'DING, adjective Gross; feeding grossly.

Hall.

Fouling

FOUL'ING, participle of the present tense Making foul; defiling.

Foully

FOUL'LY, adverb Filthily; nastily; hatefully; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully. I foully wronged him; do, forgive me, do.

Gay.

2. Unfairly; not honestly. Thou play'dst most foully for it.

Shak.

Foulmouthed

FOUL'MOUTHED, adjective Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene or profane; uttering abuse, or profane or obscene words; accustomed to use bad language. So foulmouthed a witness never appeared in any cause.

Addison.

Foulness

FOUL'NESS, noun The quality of being foul or filthy; filthiness; defilement.

2. The quality or state of containing or being covered with any thing extraneous which is noxious or offensive; as the foulness of a cellar, or of a well; the foulness of a musket; the foulness of a ship's bottom.

3. Pollution; impurity. There is not so chaste a nation as this, nor so free from all pollution or foulness.

Bacon.

4. Hatefulness; atrociousness; as the foulness of a deed.

5. Ugliness; deformity. The foulness of th' infernal form to hide.

Dryden.

6. Unfairness; dishonesty; want of candor. Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity, and all falseness or foulness of intentions.

Hammond.

Foulspoken

FOUL'SPOKEN, adjective Slanderous.

Shak.

2. Using profane, scurrilous or obscene language.

Foumart

FOU'MART, noun [Scot. foumarte. Qu. foulmartin.] The polecat.

Found

FOUND, preterit tense and participle passive of find. I am found of them that sought me not. Isaiah 65.

Found

FOUND, verb transitive [Latin fundo, fundare; French fonder; Italian fondare; Spanish fundar; Irish bun, stump, bottom, stock, origin; bunadhu, bunait, foundation. If n is radical in found, as I suppose, it seems to be the Arabic Hebrew Chaldee to build, that is, to set, found, erect. Class Bn. No. 7.]

1. To lay the basis of any thing; to set, or place, as on something solid for support. It fell not, for it was founded on a rock. Matthew 7.

2. To begin and build; to lay the foundation, and raise a superstructure; as, to found a city.

3. To set or place; to establish, as on something solid or durable; as, to found a government on principles of liberty.

4. To begin; to form or lay the basis; as, to found a college or a library. Sometimes to endow is equivalent to found.

5. To give birth to; to originate; as, to found an art or a family.

6. To set; to place; to establish on a basis. Christianity is founded on the rock of ages. Dominion is sometimes founded on conquest; sometimes on choice or voluntary consent. Power, founded on contract, can descend only to him who has right by that contract.

Locke.

7. To fix firmly. I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock.

Shak.

Found

FOUND, verb transitive [Latin fundo, fudi, fusum; French fondre; Spanish fundir, or hundir; Italian fondere. The elements are probably Fd; n being adventitious.] To cast; to form by melting a metal and pouring it into a mold.

Milton.

[This verb is seldom used, but the derivative foundery is in common use. For found we use cast.]

Foundation

FOUNDA'TION, noun [Latin fundatio; French fondation; from Latin fundo.]

1. The basis of an edifice; that part of a building which lies on the ground; usually a wall of stone which supports the edifice.

2. The act of fixing the basis.

Tickel.

3. The basis or ground-work, of any thing; that on which any thing stands, and by which it is supported. A free government has its foundation in the choice and consent of the people to be governed. Christ is the foundation of the church. Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation, a stoneÃ‚--a precious corner-stone. Isaiah 28. Other foundation can no man lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. 1 Corinthians 3.

4. Original; rise; as the foundation of the world.

5. Endowment; a donation or legacy appropriated to support an institution, and constituting a permanent fund, usually for a charitable purpose.

6. Establishment; settlement.

Foundationless

FOUNDA'TIONLESS, adjective Having no foundation.

Hammond.

Founded

FOUND'ED, participle passive Set; fixed; established on a basis; begun and built.

Founder

FOUND'ER, noun One that founds, establishes and erects; one that lays a foundation; as the founder of a temple or city.

2. One who begins; an author; one from whom any thing originates; as the founder of a sect of philosophers; the founder of a family or race.

3. One who endows; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the support of an institution; as the founder of a college or hospital.

4. [French fondeur.] A caster; one who casts metals in various forms; as a founder of cannon, bells, hardware, printing types, &c.

Founder

FOUND'ER, verb intransitive [French fondre, to melt, to fall.]

1. In seamen's language, to fill or be filled and sink, as a ship.

2. To fail: to miscarry.

Shak.

3. To trip; to fall.

Chaucer.

Founder

FOUND'ER, verb transitive To cause internal inflamation and great soreness in the feet of a horse, so as to disable or lame him.

Encyc.

Foundered

FOUND'ERED, participle passive Made lame in the feet by inflammation and extreme tenderness.

Founderous

FOUND'EROUS, adjective Failing; liable to perish; ruinous. [Not in use.]

Burke.

Foundery

FOUND'ERY, noun [French fonderie.] The art of casting metals into various forms for use; the casting of statues.

2. The house and works occupied in casting metals; as a foundery of bells, of hollow ware, of cannon, of types, &c.

Foundling

FOUND'LING, noun [from found, find.] A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner. A hospital for such children is called a foundling hospital.

Foundress

FOUND'RESS, noun A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund.

Fount

FOUNT', or FOUNT'AIN, noun [Latin fons; French fontaine; Spanish fuente; Italian fonte, fontana; Welsh fynnon, a fountain or source; fyniaw, fynu, to produce, to generate, to abound; fwn, a source, breath, puff; fwnt, produce.]

1. A spring, or source of water; properly, a spring or issuing of water from the earth. This word accords in sense with well, in our mother tongue; but we now distinguish them, applying fountain to a natural spring of water, and well to an artificial pit of water, issuing from the interior of the earth.

2. A small basin of springing water.

Taylor.

3. A jet; a spouting of water; an artificial spring.

Bacon.

4. The head or source of a river.

Dryden.

5. Original; first principle or cause; the source of any thing. Almighty God, the fountain of all goodness.

Common Prayer.

Fount of types. [See Font.]

Fountain-Head

FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, noun Primary source; original; first principle.

Young.

Fountainless

FOUNT'AINLESS, adjective Having no fountain; wanting a spring. A barren desert fountainless and dry.

Milton.

Fountain-Tree

FOUNT'AIN-TREE, noun In the Canary isles, a tree which distills water from its leaves, in sufficient abundance for the inhabitants near it.

Encyc.

Fountful

FOUNT'FUL, adjective Full of springs; as fountful Ida.

Chapman.

Four

FOUR, adjective [Saxon feower; German vier; Dutch vier; Swedish fyra; Danish fire. I suspect this word to be contracted from Gothic fidwor, Welsh pedwar, Armoric pevar, peder or petor, peoar, from which Latin petoritum, petorritum, a carriage with four wheels, petor-rota.] Twice two; denoting the sum of two and two.

Fourbe

FOURBE, noun [French] A tricking fellow; a cheat. [Not English.]

Denham.

Fourfold

FOURFOLD, adjective Four double; quadruple; four times told; as a fourfold division. He shall restore the lamb fourfold. 2 Samuel 12.

Fourfold

FOURFOLD, noun Four times as much.

Fourfooted

FOURFOOTED, adjective Quadruped; having four feet; as the horse and the ox.

Fourrier

FOURRIER, noun [French] A harbinger. [Not English.]

Buck.

Fourscore

FOURSCORE, adjective [See Score.] Four times twenty; eighty. It is used elliptically for fourscore years; as a man of fourscore.

Temple.

Foursquare

FOURSQUARE, adjective Having four sides and four angles equal; quadrangular.

Raleigh.

Fourteen

FOURTEEN, adjective [four and ten; Saxon feowertyn.] Four and ten; twice seven.

Fourteenth

FOURTEENTH, adjective The ordinal of fourteen; the fourth after the tenth.

Fourth

FOURTH, adjective The ordinal of four; the next after the third.

Fourth

FOURTH, noun In music, an interval composed of two tones and a semitone. Three full tones compose a triton, or fourth redundant.

Fourthly

FOURTHLY, adverb In the fourth place.

Fourwheeled

FOURWHEELED, adjective Having or running on four wheels.

Fovilla

FOVIL'LA, noun [Latin foveo.] A fine substance, imperceptible to the naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers.

Martyn.

Fowl

FOWL, noun [Saxon fugel, fugl; German and Dutch vogel; Danish fugl; Swedish fogel; from the root of the Latin fugio, fugo, Greek, and signifying the flying animal.] A flying or winged animal; the generic name of certain animals that move through the air by the aid of wings. Fowls have two feet, are covered with fethers, and have wings for flight. Bird is a young fowl or chicken, and may well be applied to the smaller species of fowls. But it has usurped the place of fowl, and is used improperly as the generic term.

Fowl is used as a collective noun. We dined on fish and fowl. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Genesis 1. But this use in America is not frequent. We generally use the plural, fowls. The word is colloquially used for poultry, or rather, in a more limited sense, for barndoor fowls.

Fowl

FOWL, verb intransitive To catch or kill wild fowls for game or food; as by means of bird-lime, decoys, nets and snares, or by pursuing them with hawks, or by shooting.

Fowler

FOWL'ER, noun A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or takes or kills them for food.

Fowling

FOWL'ING, participle of the present tense Pursuing or taking wild fowls.

Fowling

FOWL'ING, noun The art or practice of catching or shooting fowls; also, falconry.

Fowlingpiece

FOWL'INGPIECE, noun A light gun for shooting fowls.

Fox

FOX, noun [Saxon fox; German fuchs; Dutch vos.] An animal of the genus Canis, with a straight tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect ears. This animal burrows in the earth, is remarkable for his cunning, and preys on lambs, geese, hens or other small animals.

2. A sly, cunning fellow.

3. In seaman's language, a seizing made by twisting several rope-yarns together.

4. Formerly, a cant expression for a sword.

Shak.

Fox

FOX, verb transitive To intoxicate; to stupify. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Foxcase

FOX'CASE, noun The skin of a fox. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Foxchase

FOX'CHASE, noun The pursuit of a fox with hounds.

Pope.

Foxery

FOX'ERY, noun Behavior like that of a fox. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Foxevil

FOX'EVIL, noun A kind of disease in which the hair falls off.

Dict.

Foxglove

FOX'GLOVE, noun The name of a plant, the Digitalis.

Foxhound

FOX'HOUND, noun A hound for chasing foxes.

Shenstone.

Foxhunt

FOX'HUNT, noun The chase or hunting of a fox.

Foxhunter

FOX'HUNTER, noun One who hunts or pursues foxes with hounds.

Foxish

FOX'ISH, or FOX'LIKE, adjective Resembling a fox in qualities; cunning.

Foxship

FOX'SHIP, noun The character or qualities of a fox; cunning.

Shak.

Foxtail

FOX'TAIL, noun A species of grass, the Alopecurus.

Foxtrap

FOX'TRAP, noun A trap, or a gin or snare to catch foxes.

Foxy

FOX'Y, adjective Pertaining to foxes; wily. [Not used.]

Foy

FOY, noun [French foi.] Faith. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Fracas

FRA'CAS, noun [French] An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance.

Fract

FRACT, verb transitive To break. [Not used.]

Fraction

FRAC'TION, noun [Latin fractio; French fraction; from Latin frango, fractus, to break. See Break.]

1. The act of breaking or state of being broken, especially by violence.

Burnet.

2. In arithmetic and algebra, a broken part of an integral or integer; any division of a whole number or unit, as 2/5, two fifths, 1/4, one fourth, which are called vulgar fractions. In these, the figure above the line is called the numerator, and the figure below the line the denominator. In decimal fractions, the denominator is a unit, or 1, with as many cyphers annexed, as the numerator has places. They are commonly expressed by writing the numerator only, with a point before it by which it is separated from the whole number; thus .5, which denotes five tenths, 5/10, or half the whole number; .25, that is, 25/100, or a fourth part of the whole number.

Fractional

FRAC'TIONAL, adjective Belonging to a broken number; comprising a part or the parts of a unit; as fractional numbers.

Fractious

FRAC'TIOUS, adjective Apt to break out into a passion; apt to quarrel; cross; snappish; as a fractious man.

Fractiously

FRAC'TIOUSLY, adverb Passionately; snappishly.

Fractiousness

FRAC'TIOUSNESS, noun A cross or snappish temper.

Fracture

FRAC'TURE, noun [Latin fractura. See Break.] A breach in any body, especially a breach caused by violence; a rupture of a solid body.

2. In surgery, the rupture or disruption of a bone. A fracture is simple or compound; simple, when the bone only is divided; compound, when the bone is broken, with a laceration of the integuments.

3. In mineralogy, the manner in which a mineral breaks, and by which its texture is displayed; as a compact fracture; a fibrous fracture; foliated, striated or conchoidal fracture, &c.

Kirwan.

Fracture

FRAC'TURE, verb transitive To break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate continuous parts; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.

Wiseman.

Fractured

FRAC'TURED, participle passive Broken; cracked.

Fracturing

FRAC'TURING, participle of the present tense Breaking; bursting asunder; cracking.

Fragile

FRAG'ILE, adjective [Latin fragilis, from frango, to break.]

1. Brittle; easily broken. The stalk of ivy is tough, and not fragile.

Bacon.

2. Weak; liable to fail; easily destroyed; as fragile arms.

Milton.

Fragility

FRAGIL'ITY, noun Brittleness; easiness to be broken.

Bacon.

2. Weakness; liableness to fail.

Knolles.

3. Frailty; liableness to fault.

Wotton.

Fragment

FRAG'MENT, noun [Latin fragmentum, from frango, to break.]

1. A part broken off; a piece separated from any thing by breaking. Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost. John 6.

2. A part separated from the rest; an imperfect part; as fragments of ancient writings.

3. A small detached portion; as fragments of time.

Franklin.

Fragmentary

FRAG'MENTARY, adjective Composed of fragments.

Donne.

Fragor

FRA'GOR, noun [Latin See Break.] A loud and sudden sound; the report of any thing bursting; a loud harsh sound; a crash.

2. A strong or sweet scent. Obs.

Fragrance

FRA'GRANCE, or FRA'GRANCY, noun [Latin fragrantia, from fragro, to smell strong. Arabic to emit or diffuse odor. The Arabic is without a prefix, and the word belongs probably to the great family of reach, stretch.] Sweetness of smell; that quality of bodies which affects the olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation; pleasing scent; grateful odor. Eve separate he spies, Vailed in a cloud of fragranceÃ‚--

Milton. The goblet crown'd, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around. Pope.

Fragrant

FRA'GRANT, adjective Sweet of smell; odorous.

Fragrant the fertile earth After soft showers.

Milton.

Fragrantly

FRA'GRANTLY, adverb With sweet scent.

Mortimer.

Frail

FRAIL, adjective [supposed to be from French frÃƒ-ªle, Italian frale. Qu. Latin fragilis, or from a different root.]

1. Weak; infirm; liable to fail and decay; subject to casualties; easily destroyed; perishable; not firm or durable. That I may know how frail I am. Psalm 39.

2. Weak in mind or resolution; liable to error or deception. Man is frail, and prone to evil.

Taylor.

3. Weak; easily broken or overset; as a frail bark.

Frail

FRAIL, noun [Norm. fraile.] A basket made of rushes.

2. A rush for weaving baskets.

Johnson.

3. A certain quantity of raisins, about 75 pounds.

Encyc.

Frailness

FRA'ILNESS, noun Weakness; infirmity; as the frailness of the body.

Frailty

FRA'ILTY, noun Weakness of resolution; infirmity; liableness to be deceived or seduced. God knows our frailty, and pities our weakness.

Locke.

2. Frailness; infirmity of body.

3. Fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity; in this sense it has a plural.

Fraischeur

FRAISCHEUR, noun [French] Freshness; coolness. [Not English.]

Dryden.

Fraise

FRAISE, noun [French from Italian fregio, ornament, frieze.]

1. In fortification, a defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the retrenchments, parallel to the horizon.

Encyc.

2. A pancake with bacon in it. Obs.

Johnson.

Frame

FRAME, verb transitive [Saxon fremman, to frame, to effect or perform; Armoric framma, to join; Dutch raam, a frame, German rahm, a frame and cream; Danish rame; Swedish ram; Russian rama. Qu. Class Rm. No. 6. In Russian rama is a frame, and ramo, the shoulder, Latin armus, arm.]

1. To fit or prepare and unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing; to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various parts; as, to frame a house or other building.

2. To fit one thing to another; to adjust; to make suitable.

Abbot.

3. To make; to compose; as, to frame a law. For thou art framed of the firm truth of valor.

Shak.

4. To regulate; to adjust; to shape; to conform; as, to frame our lives according to the rules of the gospel.

5. To form and digest by thought; as, to frame ideas in the mind. How many excellent reasonings are framed in the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years!

Watts.

6. To contrive; to plan; to devise; as, to frame a project or design.

7. To invent; to fabricate; in a bad sense; as, to frame a story or lie.

Frame

FRAME, verb intransitive To contrive. Judges 12:6.

Frame

FRAME, noun The timbers of an edifice fitted and joined in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the covering; as the frame of a house, barn, bridge or ship.

2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts united; as the frame of an ox or horse. So we say, the frame of the heavenly arch; the frame of the world.

Hooker. Tillotson.

3. Any kind of case or structure made for admitting, inclosing or supporting things; as the frame of a window, door, picture or looking glass.

4. Among printers, a stand to support the cases in which the types are distributed.

5. Among founders, a kind of ledge, inclosing a board, which being filled with wet sand, serves as a mold for castings.

Encyc.

6. A sort of loom on which linen, silk, &c. is stretched for quilting or embroidering.

Encyc.

7. Order; regularity; adjusted series or composition of parts. We say, a person is out of frame; the mind is not in a good frame. Your steady soul preserves her frame.

Swift.

8. Form; scheme; structure; constitution; system; as a frame of government.

9. Contrivance; projection. John the bastard, Whose spirits toil in frame of villainies.

Shak.

10. Shape; form; proportion.

Hudibras.

Framework

FRA'MEWORK, noun Work done in a frame.

Milton.

Framed

FRA'MED, participle passive Fitted and united in due form; made; composed; devised; adjusted.

Framer

FRA'MER, noun One who frames; a maker; a contriver.

Framing

FRA'MING, participle of the present tense Fitting and joining in due construction; making; fabricating; composing; adjusting; inventing; contriving.

Frampold

FRAM'POLD, adjective Peevish; rugged. [Low and not in use.]

Hacket.

Franchise

FRAN'CHISE, n. fran'chiz. [French from franc, free; Italian franchezza; Spanish Portugese franqueza. See Frank.] Properly, liberty, freedom. Hence,

1. A particular privilege or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an individual, or to a number of persons; as the right to be a body corporate with perpetual succession; the right to hold a court leet or other court; to have waifs, wrecks, treasuretreve, or forfeitures. So the right to vote for governor, senators and representatives, is a franchise belonging to citizens, and not enjoyed by aliens. The right to establish a bank, is a franchise.

2. Exemption from a burden or duty to which others are subject.

3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity.

Spenser.

4. An asylum or sanctuary, where persons are secure from arrest. Churches and monasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals.

Encyc.

Franchise

FRAN'CHISE, verb transitive To make free; but enfranchise is more generally used.

Shak.

Franchisement

FRAN'CHISEMENT, noun Release from burden or restriction; freedom.

Spenser.

Francic

FRAN'CIC, adjective Pertaining to the Franks or French.

Franciscan

FRANCIS'CAN, adjective Belonging to the order of St. Francis.

Franciscan

FRANCIS'CAN, noun One of the order of St. Francis; an order of monks founded by him in 1209. They are called also Gray Friars.

Frangibility

FRANGIBIL'ITY, noun The state or quality of being frangible.

Frangible

FRAN'GIBLE, adjective [from Latin frango, to break.] That may be broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.

Boyle.

Franion

FRAN'ION, noun A paramour, or a boon companion. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Frank

FRANK, adjective [French franc; Italian Spanish franco; German frank; Dutch vrank. Qu. Arabic to free. Class Br. No. 36. or Class Brg. No. 5. 6. 7. 8. Free and frank may be from the same root or family, for free in Saxon is frigan, coinciding in elements with break, and the nasal sound of g would give frank. The French franchir gives the sense of breaking out or over limits.]

1. Open; ingenuous; candid; free in uttering real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise. Young persons are usually frank; old persons are more reserved.

2. Open; ingenuous; as a frank disposition or heart.

3. Liberal; generous; not niggardly. [This sense is now rare.]

Bacon.

4. Free; without conditions or compensation; as a frank gift.

5. Licentious; unrestrained. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Frank

FRANK, or FRANC, noun An ancient coin of France. The value of the gold frank was something more than that of the gold crown. The silver franc was in value a third of the gold one. The gold coin is no longer in circulation. The present franc or frank, is a silver coin of the value nearly of nineteen cents, or ten pence sterling.

2. A letter which is exempted from postage; or the writing which renders it free.

3. A sty for swine. [Not used.]

Shak.

Frank

FRANK, noun A name given by the Turks, Greeks and Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of Europe, English, French, Italians, &c.

2. The people of Franconia in Germany.

Frank

FRANK, verb transitive To exempt, as a letter from the charge of postage.

2. To shut up in a sty or frank. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. To feed high; to cram; to fatten. [Not used.]

Frankalmoigne

FRANKALMOIGNE, n. frankalmoin'. [frank and Norm. almoignes, alms.] Free alms; in English law, a tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands to them and their successors forever, on condition of praying for the souls of the donor.

Blackstone.

Frankchase

FRANK'CHASE, noun A liberty of free chase, whereby persons having lands within the compass of the same, are prohibited to cut down any wood, &c. out of the view of the forester.

Cowel.

Free chase, is the liberty of keeping beasts of chase or royal game therein, protected even from the owner of the land himself, with a power of hunting them thereon.

Blackstone.

Franked

FRANK'ED, participle passive Exempted from postage.

Frankfee

FRANK'FEE, noun Freehold; a holding of lands in fee simple.

Encyc.

Frankincense

FRANKIN'CENSE, noun [frank and incense.] A dry resinous substance in pieces or drops, of a pale yellowish white color, of a bitterish acrid taste, and very inflammable; used as a perfume.

Hill. Encyc.

Franking

FRANK'ING, participle of the present tense Exempting from postage.

Franklaw

FRANK'LAW, noun Free or common law, or the benefit a person has by it.

Encyc.

Franklin

FRANK'LIN, noun A freeholder. Obs.

Spenser.

Franklinite

FRANK'LINITE, noun A mineral compound of iron, zink and manganese, found in New Jersey, and named from Dr. Franklin.

Cleaveland.

Frankly

FRANK'LY, adverb Openly; freely; ingenuously; without reserve, constraint or disguise; as, to confess one's faults frankly.

2. Liberally; freely; readily. Luke 7.

Frankmarriage

FRANK'MARRIAGE, noun A tenure in tail special; or an estate of inheritance given to a person, together with a wife, and descendible to the heirs of their two bodies begotten.

Blackstone.

Frankness

FRANK'NESS, noun Plainness of speech; candor; freedom in communication; openness; ingenuousness. He told me his opinions with frankness.

2. Fairness; freedom from art or craft; as frankness of dealing.

3. Liberality; bounteousness. [Little used.]

Frankpledge

FRANK'PLEDGE, noun A pledge or surety for the good behavior of freemen. Anciently in England, a number of neighbors who were bound for each other's good behavior.

Encyc.

Franktenement

FRANKTEN'EMENT, noun An estate of freehold; the possession of the soil by a freeman.

Blackstone.

Frantic

FRAN'TIC, adjective [Latin phreneticus; Greek, from, delirium or raving, from, mind, the radical sense of which is to rush, to drive forward. So animus signifies mind, soul, courage, spirit; and anima signifies soul, wind, breath.]

1. Mad; raving; furious; outrageous; wild and disorderly; distracted; as a frantic person; frantic with fear or grief.

2. Characterized by violence, fury and disorder; noisy; mad; wild; irregular; as the frantic rites of Bacchus.

Franticly

FRAN'TICLY, adverb Madly; distractedly; outrageously.

Franticness

FRAN'TICNESS, noun Madness; fury of passion; distraction.

Frap

FRAP, verb transitive In seamen's language, to cross and draw together the several parts of a tackle to increase the tension.

Mar. Dict.

Fraternal

FRATERN'AL, adjective [French fraternel; Latin fraternus, from frater, brother.] Brotherly; pertaining to brethren; becoming brothers; as fraternal love or affection; a fraternal embrace.

Fraternally

FRATERN'ALLY, adverb In a brotherly manner.

Fraternity

FRATERN'ITY, noun [Latin fraternitas.] The state or quality of a brother; brotherhood.

2. A body of men associated for their common interest or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; as the fraternity of free masons.

3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation or character. With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own fraternity.

South.

Fraternization

FRATERNIZA'TION, noun The act of associating and holding fellowship as brethren.

Burke.

Fraternize

FRATERN'IZE, verb intransitive To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or character.

Fratricide

FRAT'RICIDE, noun [Latin fratricidium; frater, brother, and coedo, to kill.]

1. The crime of murdering a brother.

2. One who murders or kills a brother.

Latin Addison.

Fraud

FRAUD, noun [Latin fraus; French Spanish Italian Portugese fraude. This agrees in elements with Saxon broed, bred, fraud, which is contracted from broegden, fraud, guile, disguise; and broeg coincides with brigue. But I know not that these words are connected with the Latin fraus.] Deceit; deception; trick; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; a stratagem intended to obtain some undue advantage; an attempt to gain or the obtaining of an advantage over another by imposition or immoral means, particularly deception in contracts, or bargain and sale, either by stating falsehoods, or suppressing truth. If success a lover's toil attends, Who asks if force or fraud obtained his ends.

Pope.

Fraudful

FRAUD'FUL, adjective Deceitful in making bargains; trickish; treacherous; applied to persons.

Shak.

2. Containing fraud or deceit; applied to things.

Dryden.

Fraudfully

FRAUD'FULLY, adverb Deceitfully; with intention to deceive and gain an undue advantage; trickishly; treacherously; by stratagem.

Fraudulence

FRAUD'ULENCE, or FRAUD'ULENCY, noun Deceitfulness; trickishness in making bargains, or in social concerns.

Hooker.

Fraudulent

FRAUD'ULENT, adjective Deceitful in making contracts; trickish; applied to persons.

2. Containing fraud; founded on fraud; proceeding from fraud; as a fraudulent bargain.

3. Deceitful; treacherous; obtained or performed by artifice.

Milton.

Fraudulently

FRAUD'ULENTLY, adverb By fraud; by deceit; by artifice or imposition.

Fraught

FRAUGHT, a. fraut. [Dutch vragt; German fracht; Danish fragt; Swedish fracht. A different orthography of freight, which see.]

1. Laden; loaded; charged; as a vessel richly fraught with goods from India. This sense is used in poetry; but in common business, freighted only is used.

2. Filled; stored; full; as a scheme fraught with mischief; the scriptures are fraught with excellent precepts.

Hooker.

Fraught

FRAUGHT, noun A freight; a cargo. [Not now used.]

Dryden.

Fraught

FRAUGHT, verb transitive To load; to fill; to crowd. Obs.

Shak.

Fraughtage

FRAUGHT'AGE, noun Loading; cargo. [Not used.]

Shak.

Fray

FRAY, noun [French fracas, Italian fracasso, a great crash, havoc, ruin; French fracasser, Italian fracassare, to break; coinciding with Latin fractura, from frango. Under Affray, this is referred to French effrayer, to fright, but incorrectly, unless fright is from the same root. In the sense of rubbing, fretting, this is from the Latin frico, Spanish fregar. But break, fright and frico, all have the same radicals.]

1. A broil, quarrel or violent riot, that puts men in fear. This is the vulgar word for affray, and the sense seems to refer the word to French effrayer.

2. A combat; a battle; also, a single combat or duel.

Pope.

3. A contest; contention.

Milton.

4. A rub; a fret or chafe in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.

Tatler.

Fray

FRAY, verb transitive To fright; to terrify. Obs.

Spenser. Bacon.

Fray

FRAY, verb transitive [French frayer, Latin frico, to rub.] To rub; to fret, as cloth by wearing.

2. To rub; as, a deer frays his head.

Frayed

FRA'YED, participle passive Frightened; rubbed; worn.

Fraying

FRA'YING, participle of the present tense Frightening; terrifying; rubbing.

Fraying

FRA'YING, noun Peel of a deer's horn.

B. Jonson.

Freak

FREAK, noun [Icelandic freka. Qu. German frech, bold, saucy, petulant; Danish frek, id.; Scot. frack, active. The English word does not accord perfectly with the German Danish and Scot. But it is probably from the root of break, denoting a sudden start.]

1. Literally, a sudden starting or change of place. Hence,

2. A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind; a whim or fancy; a capricious prank. She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a freak will instantly change her habitation.

Spectator.

Freak

FREAK, verb transitive [from the same root as the preceding, to break; Welsh bryc, Irish breac, speckled, party-colored; like pard, from the Hebrew to divide.] To variegate; to checker.

Ã‚--Freaked with many a mingled hue.

Thomson.

Freakish

FRE'AKISH, adjective Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious. It may be a question, whether the wife or the woman was the more freakish of the two.

L'Estrange.

Freakishly

FRE'AKISHLY, adverb Capriciously; with sudden change of mind, without cause.

Freakishness

FRE'AKISHNESS, noun Capriciousness; whimsicalness.

Freckle

FRECK'LE, noun [from the same root as freak; Welsh bryc, Irish breac, spotted, freckled; Welsh brycu, to freckle; from breaking, unless by a change of letters, it has been corrupted from German fleck, Dutch vlak or vlek, Swedish fl?ck, Danish flek, a spot; which is not probable.]

1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin, particularly on the face, neck and hands. Freckles may be natural or produced by the action of the sun on the skin, or from the jaundice.

2. Any small spot or discoloration.

Evelyn.

Freckled

FRECK'LED, adjective Spotted; having small yellowish spots on the skin or surface; as a freckled face or neck.

2. Spotted; as a freckled cowslip.

Shak.

Freckledness

FRECK'LEDNESS, noun The state of being freckled.

Sherwood.

Frecklefaced

FRECK'LEFACED, adjective Having a face full of freckles.

Beaum.

Freckly

FRECK'LY, adjective Full of freckles; sprinkled with spots.

Fred

FRED, Saxon frith, Danish fred, Swedish frid, German friede, Dutch vreede, peace; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or rich in peace; Winfred, victorious peace. Our ancestors called a sanctuary, fredstole, a seat of peace.

Free

FREE, adjective [Saxon frig, freoh, free; frigan, freogan, to free; German frei; Dutch vry; Danish fri; Swedish fri; all contracted from frig, which corresponds with Hebrew and Chaldee, Syriac, Samaritan, Arabic faraka, to break, to separate, to divide, to free, to redeem, &c. See Frank.]

1. Being at liberty; not being under necessity or restraint, physical or moral; a word of general application to the body, the will or mind, and to corporations.

2. In government, not enslaved; not in a state of vassalage or dependence; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent, and to a regular administration of such laws; not subject to the arbitrary will of a sovereign or lord; as a free state, nation or people.

3. Instituted by a free people, or by consent or choice of those who are to be subjects, and securing private rights and privileges by fixed laws and principles; not arbitrary or despotic; as a free constitution or government. There can be no free government without a demÃƒ-³cratical branch in the constitution.

J. Adams.

4. Not imprisoned, confined or under arrest; as, the prisoner is set free.

5. Unconstrained; unrestrained; not under compulsion or control. A man is free to pursue his own choice; he enjoys free will.

6. Permitted; allowed; open; not appropriated; as, places of honor and confidence are free to all; we seldom hear of a commerce perfectly free.

7. Not obstructed; as, the water has a free passage or channel; the house is open to a free current of air.

8. Licentious; unrestrained. The reviewer is very free in his censures.

9. Open; candid; frank; ingenuous; unreserved; as, we had a free conversation together. Will you be free and candid to your friend?

Otway.

10. Liberal in expenses; not parsimonious; as a free purse; a man is free to give to all useful institutions.

11. Gratuitous; not gained by importunity or purchase. He made him a free offer of his services. It is a free gift. The salvation of men is of free grace.

12. Clear of crime or offense; guiltless; innocent. My hands are guilty, but my heart is free.

Dryden.

13. Not having feeling or suffering; clear; exempt; with from; as free from pain or disease; free from remorse.

14. Not encumbered with; as free from a burden.

15. Open to all, without restriction or without expense; as a free school.

16. Invested with franchises; enjoying certain immunities; with of; as a man free of the city of London.

17. Possessing without vassalage or slavish conditions; as free of his farm.

Dryden.

18. Liberated from the government or control of parents, or of a guardian or master. A son or an apprentice, when of age, is free.

19. Ready; eager; not dull; acting without spurring or whipping; as a free horse.

20. Genteel; charming. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Free

FREE, verb transitive To remove from a thing any encumbrance or obstruction; to disengage from; to rid; to strip; to clear; as, to free the body from clothes; to free the feet from fetters; to free a channel from sand.

2. To set at liberty; to rescue or release from slavery, captivity or confinement; to loose. The prisoner is freed from arrest.

3. To disentangle; to disengage.

4. To exempt. He that is dead is freed from sin. Romans 6.

5. To manumit; to release from bondage; as, to free a slave.

6. To clear from water, as a ship by pumping.

7. To release from obligation or duty.

To free from or free of, is to rid of, by removing, in any manner.

Freebench

FREEBENCH', noun A widow's dower in a copyhold.

Blackstone.

Freebooter

FREE'BOOTER, noun [Dutch vrybuiter; German freibeuter. See Booty.] One who wanders about for plunder; a robber; a pillager; a plunderer.

Bacon.

Freebooting

FREE'BOOTING, noun Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.

Spenser.

Freeborn

FREE'BORN, adjective Born free; not in vassalage; inheriting liberty.

Freechapel

FREECHAP'EL, noun In England, a chapel founded by the king and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary. The king may also grant license to a subject to found such a chapel.

Cowel.

Free city, in Germany, an imperial city, not subject to a prince, but governed by its own magistrates.

Encyc.

Freecost

FREE'COST, noun Without expense; freedom from charges.

South.

Freed

FREED, participle passive Set at liberty; loosed; delivered from restraint; cleared of hinderance or obstruction.

Freedenizen

FREEDEN'IZEN, noun A citizen.

Jackson.

Freedman

FREE'DMAN, noun A man who has been a slave and is manumitted.

Freedom

FREE'DOM, noun A state of exemption from the power or control of another; liberty; exemption from slavery, servitude or confinement.

Freedom is personal, civil, political, and religious. See Liberty.]

2. Particular privileges; franchise; immunity; as the freedom of a city.

3. Power of enjoying franchises.

Swift.

4. Exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint in consequence of predetermination or otherwise; as the freedom of the will.

5. Any exemption from constraint or control.

6. Ease or facility of doing any thing. He speaks or acts with freedom.

7. Frankness; boldness. He addressed his audience with freedom.

8. License; improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; with a plural. Beware of what are called innocent freedoms.

Freefishery

FREEFISH'ERY, noun A royal franchise or exclusive privilege of fishing in a public river.

Encyc.

Freefooted

FREE'FOOTED, adjective Not restrained in marching. [Not used.]

Shak.

Freehearted

FREEHEARTED, adjective [See Heart.] Open; frank; unreserved.

2. Liberal; charitable; generous.

Freeheartedness

FREEHEARTEDNESS, noun Frankness; openness of heart; liberality.

Burnet.

Freehold

FREE'HOLD, noun That land or tenement which is held in fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. It is of two kinds; in deed, and in law. The first is the real possession of such land or tenement; the last is the right a man has to such land or tenement, before his entry or seizure.

Law.

Freehold is also extended to such offices as a man holds in fee or for life. It is also taken in opposition to villenage.

Encyc. In the United States, a freehold is an estate which a man holds in his own right, subject to no superior nor to conditions.

Freeholder

FREE'HOLDER, noun One who owns an estate in fee-simple, fee-tail or for life; the possessor of a freehold. Every juryman must be a freeholder.

Freeing

FREE'ING, participle of the present tense Delivering from restraint; releasing from confinement; removing incumbrances or hinderances from any thing; clearing.

Freely

FREE'LY, adverb At liberty; without vassalage, slavery or dependence.

2. Without restraint, constraint or compulsion; voluntarily. To render a moral agent accountable, he must act freely.

3. Plentifully; in abundance; as, to eat or drink freely.

4. Without scruple or reserve; as, to censure freely.

5. Without impediment or hinderance. Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat. Genesis 2.

6. Without necessity, or compulsion from divine predetermination.

Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.

Milton.

7. Without obstruction; largely; copiously. The patient bled freely.

8. Spontaneously; without constraint or persuasion.

9. Liberally; generously; as, to give freely to the poor.

10. Gratuitously; of free will or grace, without purchase or consideration. Freely ye have received, freely give. Matthew 10.

Freeman

FREE'MAN, noun [free and man.] One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.

2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar privilege; as the freemen of a city or state.

Freemason

FREE'MASON, noun One of the fraternity of masons.

Freeminded

FREE'MINDED, adjective Not perplexed; free from care.

Bacon.

Freeness

FREE'NESS, noun The state or quality of being free, unconstrained, unconfined, unincumbered, or unobstructed.

2. Openness; unreservedness; frankness; ingenuousness; candor; as the freeness of a confession.

3. Liberality; generosity; as freeness in giving.

Spratt.

4. Gratuitousness; as the freeness of divine grace.

Freeschool

FREE'SCHOOL, noun A school supported by funds, &c., in which pupils are taught without paying for tuition.

2. A school open to admit pupils without restriction.

Freespoken

FREE'SPOKEN, adjective Accustomed to speak without reserve.

Bacon.

Freestone

FREE'STONE, noun Any species of stone composed of sand or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought.

Freethinker

FREE'THINKER, noun A softer name for a deist; an unbeliever; one who discards revelation.

Freethinking

FREE'THINKING, noun Unbelief.

Berkeley.

Freetongued

FREE'TONGUED, adjective Speaking without reserve.

Bp. Hall.

Freewarren

FREEWAR'REN, noun A royal franchise or exclusive right of killing beasts and fowls of warren within certain limits.

Encyc.

Freewill

FREEWILL', noun The power of directing our own actions without restraint by necessity or fate.

Locke.

2. Voluntariness; spontaneousness.

Freewoman

FREE'WOMAN, noun A woman not a slave.

Freeze

FREEZE, verb intransitive pret. froze; pp. frozen, or froze. [Saxon frysan; Dutch vriezen; Danish fryser; Swedish frysa. It coincides in elements with Dutch vreezen, to fear, that is, to shrink, contract, tremble, shiver, French friser, to curl, whence frissoner, to shiver, Spanish frisar. These are of one family, unless there has been a change of letters. The Italian has fregio, for frieze, and the Greek had for its radical letters. These may be of a different family. To freeze is to contract. See Class Rd. Rs. No. 14. 19. 25. Qu. Russian mroz, frost.]

1. To be congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. Water freezes at the temperature of 32Ã‚-° above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer. Mercury freezes at 40Ã‚-° below zero.

2. To be of that degree of cold at which water congeals.

Shak.

3. To chill; to stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels; as, the blood freezes in the veins.

4. To be chilled; to shiver with cold.

5. To die by means of cold. We say a man freezes to death.

Freeze

FREEZE, verb transitive To congeal; to harden into ice; to change from a fluid to a solid form by cold or abstraction of heat. This weather will freeze the rivers and lakes.

2. To kill by cold; but we often add the words to death. This air will freeze you, or freeze you to death.

3. To chill; to give the sensation of cold and shivering. This horrid tale freezes my blood.

Freeze

FREEZE, in architecture. [See Frieze.]

Freight

FREIGHT, n. frate. [Dutch vragt; German fracht; Swedish fracht; Danish fragt; French fret; Portugese frete; Spanish flete; Armoric fret. See Fraught. Qu. from the root of Latin fero; formed like bright, from the Ethiopic barah.]

1. The cargo, or any part of the cargo of a ship; lading; that which is carried by water. The freight of a ship consists of cotton; the ship has not a full freight; the owners have advertised for freight; freight will be paid for by the ton.

2. Transportation of goods. We paid four dollars a ton for the freight from London to Barcelona.

3. The hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the transportation of goods. After paying freight and charges, the profit is trifling.

Freight

FREIGHT, verb transitive To load with goods, as a ship or vessel of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another. We freighted the ship for Amsterdam; the ship was freighted with flour for Havanna.

2. To load as the burden.

Shak.

Freighted

FREIGHTED, participle passive Loaded, as a ship or vessel.

Freighter

FREIGHTER, noun One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.

Freighting

FREIGHTING, participle of the present tense Loading, as a ship or vessel.

Freisleben

FREISLEBEN, noun A mineral of a blue or bluish gray color, brittle and soft to the touch.

Cleaveland.

Fren

FREN, noun A stranger. [Not used.]

Spenser.

French

FRENCH, adjective Pertaining to France or its inhabitants.

French Chalk, scaly talck, a variety of indurated talck, in masses composed of small scales; its color is pearly white or grayish.

Cleaveland.

French

FRENCH, noun The language spoken by the people of France.

French-Horn

FRENCH-HORN', noun A wind instrument of music made of metal.

Frenchify

FRENCH'IFY, verb transitive To make French; to infect with the manner of the French.

Camden.

Frenchlike

FRENCH'LIKE, adjective Resembling the French.

Bp. Hall.

Frenetic

FRENET'IC, adjective [See Frantic and Phrenetic.]

Frenzied

FREN'ZIED, part. a. Affected with madness.

Frenzy

FREN'ZY, noun [French frenesie; Italian frenesia; from Latin phrenitis, Greek, from, mind, which is from moving, rushing. See Frantic.] Madness; distraction; rage; or any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction. All else is towering frenzy and distraction.

Addison.

Frequence

FRE'QUENCE, noun [French from Latin frequentia.] A crowd; a throng; a concourse; an assembly. [Little used.]

Shak. Milton.

Frequency

FRE'QUENCY, noun A return or occurrence of a thing often repeated at short intervals. The frequency of crimes abates our horror at the commission; the frequency of capital punishments tends to destroy their proper effect.

2. A crowd; a throng. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Frequent

FRE'QUENT, adjective [French from Latin frequens.]

1. Often seen or done; often happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring. We made frequent visits to the hospital.

2. Used often to practice any thing. He was frequent and loud in his declamations against the revolution.

3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Not used.]

Milton.

Frequent

FRE'QUENT, verb transitive [Latin frequento; French frequenter.] To visit often; to resort to often or habitually. The man who frequents a dram-shop, an ale house, or a gaming table, is in the road to poverty, disgrace and ruin. He frequented the court of Augustus.

Dryden.

Frequentable

FREQUENT'ABLE, adjective Accessible. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Frequentation

FREQUENTA'TION, noun The act of frequenting.

Chesterfield.

2. The habit of visiting often.

Frequentative

FREQUENT'ATIVE, adjective [Italian frequentativo; French frequentatif.] In grammar, signifying the frequent repetition of an action; as a frequentative verb.

Frequented

FRE'QUENTED, participle passive Often visited.

Frequenter

FRE'QUENTER, noun One who often visits or resorts to customarily.

Frequently

FRE'QUENTLY, adverb Often; many times; at short intervals; commonly.

Frequentness

FRE'QUENTNESS, noun The quality of being frequent or often repeated.

Fresco

FRES'CO, noun [Italian fresco, fresh.] Coolness; shade; a cool refreshing state of the air; duskiness.

Prior.

2. A picture not drawn in glaring light, but in dusk.

Pope.

3. A method of painting in relief on walls, performed with water-colors on fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry. The colors, incorporating with the mortar, and drying with it, become very durable. It is called fresco, either because it is done on fresh plaster, or because it is used on walls and buildings in the open air.

Encyc.

4. A cool refreshing liquor.

Fresh

FRESH, adjective [Saxon fersc; Dutch versch; German frisch; Danish fersk, and frisk; Swedish frisk; Italian fresco; Spanish Portugese id.; French frais, fraÃƒ-®che; Armoric fresq; Welsh fres, fresg. This is radically the same word as frisk, and it coincides also in elements with brisk, Welsh brysg, which is from rhys, a rushing, extreme ardency, rush, which gives the radical sense, though it may not be the same word.]

1. Moving with celerity; brisk; strong; somewhat vehement; as a fresh breeze; fresh wind; the primary sense.

2. Having the color and appearance of young thrifty plants; lively; not impaired or faded; as when we say, the fields look fresh and green.

3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth; florid; ruddy; as a fresh-colored young man.

Harvey. Addison.

4. New; recently grown; as fresh vegetables.

5. New; recently made or obtained. We have a fresh supply of goods from the manufactory, or from India; fresh tea; fresh raisins.

6. Not impaired by time; not forgotten or obliterated. The story is fresh in my mind; the ideas are fresh in my recollection.

7. Not salt; as fresh water; fresh meat.

8. Recently from the well or spring; pure and cool; not warm or vapid. Bring a glass of fresh water.

9. In a state like that of recent growth or recentness; as, to preserve flowers and fruit fresh.

Fresh as April, sweet as May.

Carew.

10. Repaired from loss or diminution; having new vigor. He rose fresh for the combat.

11. New; that has lately come or arrived; as fresh news; fresh dispatches.

12. Sweet; in a good state; not stale.

13. Unpracticed; unused; not before employed; as a fresh hand on board of a ship.

14. Moderately rapid; as, the ship makes fresh way.

Fresh

FRESH, noun A freshet.

Beverly, Hist. Virginia.

Freshen

FRESH'EN, v. t. fresh'n. To make fresh; to dulcify; to separate, as water from saline particles; to take saltness from any thing; as, to freshen water, fish or flesh.

2. To refresh; to revive. [Not used.]

Spenser.

3. In seaman's language, to apply new service to a cable; as, to freshen hawse.

Freshen

FRESH'EN, verb intransitive To grow fresh; to lose salt or saltness.

2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.

Freshened

FRESH'ENED, participle passive Deprived of saltness; sweetened.

Freshes

FRESH'ES, noun The mingling of fresh water with salt water in rivers or bays, or the increased current of an ebb tide by means of a flood of fresh water, flowing towards or into the sea, and discoloring the water.

Beverly. Encyc.

2. A flood; an overflowing; an inundation; a freshet.

Freshet

FRESH'ET, noun A flood or overflowing of a river, by means of heavy rains or melted snow; an inundation.

New England.

2. A stream of fresh water.

Browne.

Freshly

FRESH'LY, adverb Newly; in the former state renewed; in a new or fresh state.

2. With a healthy look; ruddily.

Shak.

3. Briskly; strongly.

4. Coolly.

Freshman

FRESH'MAN, noun A novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge.

2. In colleges, one of the youngest class of students.

Freshmanship

FRESH'MANSHIP, noun The state of a freshman.

Freshness

FRESH'NESS, noun Newness; vigor; spirit; the contrary to vapidness; as the freshness of liquors or odors.

2. Vigor; liveliness; the contrary to a faded state; as the freshness of plants or of green fields.

3. Newness of strength; renewed vigor; opposed to weariness or fatigue. The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men.

Hayward.

4. Coolness; invigorating quality or state. And breathe the freshness of the open air.

Dryden.

5. Color of youth and health; ruddiness. Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace.

Granville.

6. Freedom from saltness; as the freshness of water or flesh.

7. A new or recent state or quality; rawness.

8. Briskness, as of wind.

Freshnew

FRESH'NEW, adjective Unpracticed. [Not used.]

Shak.

Freshwater

FRESH'WATER, adjective Accustomed to sail on freshwater only, or in the coasting trade; as a freshwater sailor.

2. Raw; unskilled.

Knolles.

Freshwatered

FRESH'WATERED, adjective Newly watered; supplied with fresh water.

Fret

FRET, verb transitive [Swedish fr?ta, to fret, to corrode; French frotter, to rub; Armoric frota. This seems to be allied to Gothic and Saxon fretan, to eat, to gnaw, German fressen, Dutch vreeten, which may be formed from the root of Latin rodo, rosi, Spanish rozar, or of Latin rado, to scrape. To fret or gnaw gives the sense of unevenness, roughness, in substances; the like appearance is given to fluids by agitation.]

1. To rub; to wear away a substance by friction; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal.

Newton.

2. To corrode; to gnaw; to eat away; as, a worm frets the planks of a ship.

3. To impair; to wear away. By starts, His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear.

Shak.

4. To form into raised work.

Milton.

5. To variegate; to diversify. Yon gray lines That fret the clouds are messengers of day.

Shak.

6. To agitate violently.

Shak.

7. To agitate; to disturb; to make rough; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.

8. To tease; to irritate; to vex; to make angry.

Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Psalm 37.

9. To wear away; to chafe; to gall. Let not a saddle or harness fret the skin of your horse.

Fret

FRET, verb intransitive To be worn away; to be corroded. Any substance will in time fret away by friction.

2. To eat or wear in; to make way by attrition or corrosion. Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation.

Wiseman.

3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; as the rancor that frets in the malignant breast.

4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

Dryden.

Fret

FRET, noun The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water; small undulations continually repeated.

Addison.

2. Work raised in protuberances; or a kind of knot consisting of two lists or small fillets interlaced, used as an ornament in architecture.

3. Agitation of mind; commotion of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret. Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret.

Pope.

4. A short piece of wire fixed on the fingerboard of a guitar, &c., which being pressed against the strings varies the tone.

Busby.

5. In heraldry, a bearing composed of bars crossed and interlaced.

Fret

FRET, verb transitive To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.

As. Res.

Fret

FRET, noun [Latin fretum.] A frith, which see.

Fretful

FRET'FUL, adjective Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as a fretful temper.

Fretfully

FRET'FULLY, adverb Peevishly; angrily.

Fretfulness

FRET'FULNESS, noun Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition to fret and complain.

Frett

FRETT, noun With miners, the worn side of the bank of a river.

Encyc.

Fretted

FRET'TED, participle passive Eaten; corroded; rubbed or worn away; agitated; vexed; made rough on the surface; variegated; ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets.

Fretter

FRET'TER, noun That which frets.

Fretting

FRET'TING, participle of the present tense Corroding; wearing away; agitating; vexing; making rough on the surface; variegating.

Fretting

FRET'TING, noun Agitation; commotion.

Fretty

FRET'TY, adjective Adorned with fretwork.

Fretum

FRE'TUM, noun [Latin] An arm of the sea.

Ray.

Fretwork

FRET'WORK, noun Raised work; work adorned with frets.

Friability

FRIABIL'ITY, or FRI'ABLENESS, noun [See Friable.] The quality of being easily broken, crumbled and reduced to powder.

Locke.

Friable

FRI'ABLE, adjective [French friable; Latin friabilis, from frio, to break or crumble. Frio is probably a contracted word. Chaldee or Chaldee Hebrew to break.] Easily crumbled or pulverized; easily reduced to powder. Pumice and calcined stones are very friable.

Friar

FRI'AR, noun [French frÃƒ-¨re, a brother, contracted from Latin frater. See Brother.]

1. An appellation common to the monks of all orders; those who enter religious orders considering themselves as a fraternity or brotherhood. Friars are generally distinguished into four principal branches, viz.: 1. Minors, gray friars or Franciscans; 2. Augustines; 3. Dominicans or black friars; 4. White Friars or Carmelites.

2. In a restricted sense, a monk who is not a priest; those friars who are in orders being called fathers.

Friarlike

FRI'ARLIKE, adjective Like a friar; monastic; unskilled in the world.

Knolles.

Friarly

FRI'ARLY, adjective Like a friar; untaught in the affairs of life.

Bacon.

Friars-Cowl

FRI'AR'S-COWL, noun A plant, a species of Arum, with a flower resembling a cowl.

Johnson. Fam. of Plants.

Friars-Lantern

FRIAR'S-LAN'TERN, noun The ignis fatuus.

Milton.

Friary

FRI'ARY, noun A monastery; a convent of friars.

Dugdale.

Friary

FRI'ARY, adjective Like a friar; pertaining to friars.

Camden.

Fribble

FRIB'BLE, adjective [Latin frivolus, French frivole, from rubbing; from rub, if b is radical, or from frico, if the b represents a palatal letter. If b is radical, the word accords with Danish rips, trifles, frivolousness.] Frivolous; trifling; silly.

Brit. Crit.

Fribble

FRIB'BLE, noun A frivolous, trifling, contemptible fellow.

Fribble

FRIB'BLE, verb intransitive To trifle; also, to totter.

Tatler.

Fribbler

FRIB'BLER, noun A trifler.

Spectator.

Friborg

FRI'BORG, noun [free and burg.] The same as frankpledge.

Cowel.

Fricace

FRIC'ACE, noun [See Fricassee.] Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce; also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Fricassee

FRICASSEE', noun [French; Italian frigasea; Spanish fricasea; Portugese fricassÃƒ-©; from French fricasser, to fry, Italian friggere, Portugese frigir, Spanish freir, Latin frigo.] A dish of food made by cutting chickens, rabbits or other small animals into pieces, and dressing them in a frying pan, or a like utensil.

King.

Fricassee

FRICASSEE', verb transitive To dress in fricassee.

Frication

FRICA'TION, noun [Latin fricatio, from frico, to rub.] The act of rubbing; friction. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Friction

FRIC'TION, noun [Latin frictio; French friction; from Latin frico, to rub, Italian fregare, Spanish fricar.]

1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition. Many bodies by friction emit light, and friction generates or evolves heat.

2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resistance which a moving body meets with from the surface on which it moves.

Encyc.

3. In medicine, the rubbing of the body with the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c.; or the rubbing of a diseased part with oil, unguent or other medicament.

Encyc.

Friday

FRI'DAY, noun [Saxon frig-doeg; German freitag; Dutch vrydag; from Frigga, the Venus of the north; Dutch vrouw, German frau, Irish frag, a woman.] The sixth day of the week, formerly consecrated to Frigga.

Fridge

F`RIDGE, verb transitive [Saxon frician.] To move hastily. [Not in use.]

Hallywell.

Frid-Stole

FRID-STOLE. [See Fred.]

Friend

FRIEND, n. frend. [Saxon freond, the participle of freon, to free, to love, contracted from frigan, to free; German freund; Dutch vriend; Danish frende; Swedish fr?nde. We see the radical sense is to free; hence, to be ready, willing, or cheerful, joyous, and allied perhaps to frolick.]

1. One who is attached to another by affection; one who entertains for another sentiments of esteem, respect and affection, which lead him to desire his company, and to seek to promote his happiness and prosperity; opposed to foe or enemy. A friend loveth at all times. Proverbs 17. There is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Proverbs 18.

2. One not hostile; opposed to an enemy in war.

Shak.

3. One reconciled after enmity. Let us be friends again.

4. An attendant; a companion.

Dryden.

5. A favorer; one who is propitious; as a friend to commerce; a friend to poetry; a friend to charitable institutions.

6. A favorite. Hushai was David's friend.

7. A term of salutation; a familiar compellation.

Friend, how camest thou in hither? Matthew 22. So Christ calls Judas his friend, though a traitor. Matthew 26.

8. Formerly, a paramour.

9. A friend at court, one who has sufficient interest to serve another.

Chaucer.

Friend

FRIEND, v. t. frend. To favor; to countenance; to befriend; to support or aid. [But we now use befriend.]

Shak.

Friended

FRIEND'ED, pp. frend'ed. Favored; befriended.

2. adjective Inclined to love; well disposed.

Shak.

Friendless

FRIEND'LESS, a. frend'less. Destitute of friends; wanting countenance or support; forlorn.

Pope.

Friendlike

FRIEND'LIKE, a. frend'like. Having the dispositions of a friend.

Friendliness

FRIEND'LINESS, n. frend'liness. A disposition to friendship; friendly disposition.

Sidney.

2. Exertion of benevolence or kindness.

Taylor.

Friendly

FRIEND'LY, a. frend'ly. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; kind; favorable; disposed to promote the good of another. Thou to mankind Be good and friendly still, and oft return.

Milton.

2. Disposed to peace.

Pope.

3. Amicable. We are on friendly terms.

4. Not hostile; as a friendly power or state.

5. Favorable; propitious; salutary; promoting the good of; as a friendly breeze or gale. Excessive rains are not friendly to the ripening fruits. Temperance is friendly to longevity.

Friendly

FRIEND'LY, adv. frend'ly. In the manner of friends; amicably. [Not much used.]

Shak.

Friendship

FRIEND'SHIP, n. frend'ship. An attachment to a person, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a reciprocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of the amiable and respectable qualities of his mind. Friendship differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in general, and from that love which springs from animal appetite. True friendship is a noble and virtuous attachment, springing from a pure source, a respect for worth or amiable qualities. False friendship may subsist between bad men, as between thieves and pirates. This is a temporary attachment springing from interest, and may change in a moment to enmity and rancor. There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity.

Rambler. There is little friendship in the world.

Bacon. The first law of friendship is sincerity.

Anon.

2. Mutual attachment; intimacy. If not in friendship, live at least in peace.

Dryden.

3. Favor; personal kindness. His friendships, still to few confined, Were always of the middling kind.

Swift.

4. Friendly aid; help; assistance.

Shak.

5. Conformity; affinity; correspondence; aptness to unite. We know those colors which have a friendship with each other.

Dryden.

[Not common and hardly legitimate.]

Frieze

FRIEZE, or FRIZE, n. freez. [Spanish frisa, frieze; frisar, to raise a nap on cloth, to frizzle; French friser, to curl or crisp, to shiver, to ruffle; Portugese frisar; Armoric frisa. Qu. Spanish rizar, to crisp or curl, to frizzle; Greek, to shiver or temble with fear, whose elements are Frg or Frk, as appears by,. If frieze, in architecture, is the same word, which seems to be the fact, we have evidence that the elements are Frg, for in Italian, frieze is fregio. The primary sense is probably to draw or contract.]

1. Properly, the nap on woolen cloth; hence, a kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff, with a nap on one side.

2. In architecture, that part of the entablature of a column which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, usually enriched with figures of animals or other ornaments of sculpture, whence its name. Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven.

Milton.

Friezed

FRIE'ZED, adjective Napped; shaggy with nap or frieze.

Friezelike

FRIE'ZELIKE, adjective Resembling frieze.

Addison.

Frigate

FRIG'ATE, noun [French fregate; Italian fregata; Spanish Portugese fragata; Turkish, forgata; perhaps Greek, Latin aphractum, an open ship or vessel, for in Portuguese it signifies a boat as well as a frigate. The Greek word signifies not fortified; and. It was originally a vessel without decks used by the Rhodians. The frigate was originally a kind of vessel used in the Mediterranean, and propelled both by sails and by oars. Lunier.] A ship of war, of a size larger than a sloop or brig, and less than a ship of the line; usually having two decks and carrying from thirty to forty four guns. But ships mounting a less number than thirty guns are sometimes called frigates; as are ships carrying a larger number.

2. Any small vessel on the water. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Frigate-Built

FRIG'ATE-BUILT, adjective Having a quarter deck and forecastle raised above the main deck.

Frigatoon

FRIGATOON', noun A Venetian vessel with a square stern, without a foremast, having only a mainmast and mizenmast.

Encyc.

Frigefaction

FRIGEFAC'TION, noun [Latin frigus, cold, and facio, to make.] The act of making cold. [Little used.]

Dict.

Fright

FRIGHT, n. frite. [Danish frygt; Swedish fruchtan; Saxon fyrhto, fyrhtu, fyrhtnis, fright, and firhted, frighted, frihtan, to frighten; German furcht, fÃƒ-¼rchten; Dutch vrugten, to fear; French effrayer. Qu. Greek, to fear, that is, to shrink or shiver. But

fright, or the Saxon fyrhto, is precisely the Ethiopic participle ferht, from ferah, to fear, which seems to be allied to Latin vereor. Class Br. No. 33.] Sudden and violent fear; terror; a passion excited by the sudden appearance of danger. It expresses more than fear, and is distinguished from fear and dread, by its sudden invasion and temporary existence; fright being usually of short duration, whereas fear and dread may be long continued.

Fright

FRIGHT, or FRIGHTEN, verb transitive To terrify; to scare; to alarm suddenly with danger; to shock suddenly with the approach of evil; to daunt; to dismay. Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit.

Dryden.

Frighted

FRIGHTED, or FRIGHTENED, participle passive Terrified; suddenly alarmed with danger.

Frightful

FRIGHTFUL, adjective Terrible; dreadful; exciting alarm; impressing terror; as a frightful chasm or precipice; a frightful tempest.

Frightfully

FRIGHTFULLY, adverb Terribly; dreadfully; in a manner to impress terror and alarm; horribly.

2. Very disagreeably; shockingly. She looks frightfully to day.

Frightfulness

FRIGHTFULNESS, noun The quality of impressing terror.

Frigid

FRIG'ID, adjective [Latin frigidus, from frigeo, to be or to grow cold; rigeo, to be stiff or frozen; Greek. If the radical sense is to be stiff, the root coincides nearly with that of right, rectus, or with that of reach, region, which is to stretch, that is, to draw or contract.]

1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; as the frigid zone.

2. Wanting warmth of affection; unfeeling; as a frigid temper or constitution.

3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent.

4. Dull; jejune; unanimated; wanting the fire of genius or fancy; as a frigid style; frigid rhymes.

5. Stiff; formal; forbidding; as a frigid look or manner.

6. Wanting zeal; dull; formal; lifeless; as frigid services.

Frigidity

FRIGID'ITY, noun Coldness; want of warmth. But not applied to the air or weather.

2. Want of natural heat, life and vigor of body; impotency; imbecility; as the frigidity of old age.

3. Coldness of affection.

4. Dullness; want of animation or intellectual fire; as the frigidity of sentiments or style.

Frigidly

FRIG'IDLY, adverb Coldly; dully; without affection.

Frigidness

FRIG'IDNESS, noun Coldness; dullness; want of heat or vigor; want of affection. [See Frigidity.]

Frigorific

FRIGORIF'IC, adjective [French frigorifique; Latin frigorificus; frigus, cold, and facio, to make.] Causing cold; producing or generating cold.

Encyc. Quincy.

Frill

FRILL, noun [infra.] An edging of fine linen on the bosom of a shirt or other similar thing; a ruffle.

Mason.

Frill

FRILL, verb intransitive [French frileux, chilly. We have the word in trill, Dutch trillen, to shake, German trillern; all with a different prefix. Class Rl.] To shake; to quake; to shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills.

Encyc.

Frim

FRIM, adjective [Saxon freom.] Flourishing. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Fringe

FRINGE, n. frinj. [French frange; Italian frangia; Spanish Portugese franja; Armoric frainch, or flainch; German franse; Dutch franje; Danish frynse. It seems to be from Latin frango, to break, Spanish frangir.]

1. An ornamental appendage to the borders of garments or furniture, consisting of loose threads. The golden fringe ev'n set the ground on flame.

Dryden.

2. Something resembling fringe; an open broken border.

Mountagu.

Fringe

FRINGE, verb transitive To adorn or border with fringe or a loose edging.

Fringed

FRING'ED, participle passive Bordered with fringe.

Fringemaker

FRINGEMAKER, noun One who makes fringe.

Fringing

FRING'ING, participle of the present tense Bordering with fringe.

Fringy

FRING'Y, adjective Adorned with fringes.

Shak.

Fripperer

FRIP'PERER, noun [See Frippery.] One who deals in old cloths.

Frippery

FRIP'PERY, noun [French friperie, from friper, to fumble, to ruffle, to wear out, to waste; Armoric fripa, or flippa; Spanish roperia, ropavejeria, from ropa, cloth, stuff, apparel, which seems to be the robe; Portugese roupa, clothes, furniture; farrapo, a rag; perhaps from the root of rub, that is, to wear, to use, as we say wearing apparel, for to wear is to rub. See Robe.]

1. Old clothes; cast dresses; clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence, waste matter; useless things; trifles; as the frippery of wit.

B. Jonson.

2. The place where old clothes are sold.

Shak.

3. The trade or traffick in old clothes.

Encyc.

Friseur

FRISEU'R, noun [French from friser, to curl.] A hair dresser.

Warton.

Frisk

FRISK, verb intransitive [Danish frisk, fresh, new, green, brisk, lively, gay, vigorous; frisker, to freshen, to renew; friskhed, coolness, freshness, briskness; Swedish frisk; German frisch, fresh, brisk. This is the same word as fresh, but from the Gothic. If it is radically the same as brisk, it is Welsh brysg, speedy, nimble, from rhys, a rushing. But this is doubtful. In some languages, fresh is written fersc, versch, as if from the root Br. But I think it cannot be the Chaldee to be moved, to tremble.]

1. To leap; to skip; to spring suddenly one way and the other. The fish fell a frisking in the net.

L'Estrange.

2. To dance, skip and gambol in frolick and gayety. The frisking satyrs on the summits danced.

Addison. In vain to frisk or climb he tries. Swift.

Frisk

FRISK, adjective Lively; brisk; blithe.

Hall.

Frisk

FRISK, noun A frolick; a fit of wanton gayety.

Johnson.

Friskal

FRISK'AL, noun A leap or caper. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Frisker

FRISK'ER, noun One who leaps or dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person.

Camden.

Frisket

FRISK'ET, noun [French frisquette. So named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See Frisk.] In printing, the light frame in which a sheet of paper is confined to be laid on the form for impression.

Friskful

FRISK'FUL, adjective Brisk; lively.

Thomson.

Friskiness

FRISK'INESS, noun Briskness and frequency of motion; gayety; liveliness; a dancing or leaping in frolick.

Frisking

FRISK'ING, participle of the present tense Leaping; skipping; dancing about; moving with life and gayety.

Frisky

FRISK'Y, adjective Gay; lively.

Frit

FRIT, noun [French fritte; Spanish frita; Italian fritto, fried, from Latin frictus, frigo, to fry.] In the manufacture of glass, the matter of which glass is made after it has been calcined or baked in a furnace. It is a composition of silex and fixed alkali, occasionally with other ingredients.

Frith

FRITH, noun [Latin fretum; Greek, from, to pass over, or, to pass; properly, a passage, a narrow channel that is passable or passed.]

1. A narrow passage of the sea; a strait. It is used for the opening of a river into the sea; as the frith of Forth, or of Clyde.

2. A kind of wear for catching fish.

Carew.

Frith

FRITH, noun [Welsh frith or friz.] A forest; a woody place.

Drayton.

2. A small field taken out of a common.

Wynne.

[Not used in America.]

Frithy

FRITH'Y, adjective Woody. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Fritillary

FRIT'ILLARY, noun [Latin fritillus, a dice-box.] The crown imperial, a genus of plants, called in the Spanish dictionary checkered lily.

De Theis.

Fritter

FRIT'TER, noun [Italian frittella; Spanish fritillas, plu.; from Latin frictus, fried; Danish fritte.]

1. A small pancake; also, a small piece of meat fried.

2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece. And cut whole giants into fritters.

Hudibras.

Fritter

FRIT'TER, verb transitive To cut meat into small pieces to be fried.

2. To break into small pieces or fragments. Break all their nerves, and fritter all their sense.

Pope.

To fritter away, is to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time.

Frivolity

FRIVOL'ITY, noun [See Frivolousness.]

Frivolous

FRIV'OLOUS, adjective [Latin frivolus, from the root of frio, to break into small pieces, to crumble; French frivole; Spanish Italian frivolo. We observe the same radical letters, Rb, Rv, in trivial, trifle, Latin tero, trivi, to rub or wear out. Class Rb.] Slight; trifling; trivial; of little weight, worth or importance; not worth notice; as a frivolous argument; a frivolous objection or pretext.

Swift.

Frivolousness

FRIV'OLOUSNESS, noun The quality of being trifling or of very little worth or importance; want of consequence.

Frivolously

FRIV'OLOUSLY, adverb In a trifling manner.

Friz

FRIZ, verb transitive [Spanish frisar; French friser. See Frieze.]

1. To curl; to crisp; to form into small curls with a crisping-pin.

2. To form the nap of cloth into little hard burs, prominences or knobs.

Frized

FRIZ'ED, participle passive Curled; formed into little burs on cloth.

Frizing

FRIZ'ING, participle of the present tense Curling; forming little hard burs on cloth.

Frizzle

FRIZ'ZLE, verb transitive To curl; to crisp; as hair.

Gay.

Frizzled

FRIZ'ZLED, participle passive Curled; crisped.

Frizzler

FRIZ'ZLER, noun One who makes short curls.

Frizzling

FRIZ'ZLING, participle of the present tense Curling; crisping.

Fro

FRO, adverb [Saxon fra; Scot. fra, frae; Danish fra. It denotes departure and distance, like from, of which it may be a contraction. In some languages it is a prefix, having the force of a negative. Thus in Danish, frabringer, to bring from, is to avert, to dispel; frakalder, to recall. In Gothic bugyan is to buy; frabugyan is to sell, that is, in literal English, frombuy.] From; away; back or backward; as in the phrase, to and fro, that is, to and from, forward or toward and backward, hither and thither.

Frock

FROCK, noun [French froc; Armoric frocq; German frack; Scot. frog.] An upper coat, or an outer garment. The word is now used for a loose garment or shirt worn by men over their other clothes, and for a kind of gown open behind, worn by females. The frock was formerly a garment worn by monks.

Ingulphus. Spelman.

Frog

FROG, noun [Saxon froga, frogga; Danish frÃƒ-¶e. Qu. from the root of break, as Latin rana, from the root of rend, from its broken shape, or from leaping, or its fragor or hoarse voice.]

1. An amphibious animal of the genus Rana, with four feet, a naked body, and without a tail. It is remarkable for swimming with rapidity, and for taking large leaps on land. Frogs lie torpid during winter.

Encyc.

2. In farriery. [See Frush.]

Frogbit

FROG'BIT, noun A plant, the Hydrocharis.

Frogfish

FROG'FISH, noun An animal of Surinam, which is said to change from a fish to a frog and then to a fish again. It is cartilaginous, and exquisite food.

Edwards.

2. The Lophius, or fishing-frog.

Froggrass

FROG'GRASS, noun A plant.

Froggy

FROG'GY, adjective Having frogs.

Sherwood.

Froise

FROISE, noun [French froisser, to bruise.] A kind of food made by frying bacon inclosed in a pancake.

Todd.

Frolick

FROL'ICK, adjective [German frÃƒ-¶hlich; froh, glad, and lich, like; Dutch vrolyk; Danish fro, glad; Swedish fr?gdelig, from fr?gd, joy, fr?gda, to exhilarate; Arabic faracha, to be glad, to rejoice. Class Brg. No. 6. Probably allied to free.] Gay; merry; full of levity; dancing, playing or frisking about; full of pranks. The frolick wind that breathes the spring.

Milton. The gay, the frolick, and the loud. Waller.

[This adjective is seldom used except in poetry. As a noun and a verb, its use is common.]

Frolick

FROL'ICK, noun A wild prank; a flight of levity, or gayety and mirth. He would be at his frolick once again.

Roscommon.

2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in dancing or play. [This is a popular use of the word in America.]

Frolick

FROL'ICK, verb intransitive To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth and gayety. The buzzing insects frolick in the air.

Anon.

Frolickly

FROL'ICKLY, adverb With mirth and gayety. Obs.

Beaum.

Frolicksome

FROL'ICKSOME, adjective Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks.

Frolicksomeness

FROL'ICKSOMENESS, noun Gayety; wild pranks.

From

FROM, preposition [Saxon fram, from; Gothic fram. In Swedish, it signifies before or forward, but its sense is, past or gone, for fr?mling is a stranger, and fr?mgÃƒ-¥ is to go out, to depart. Danish frem, whence fremmer, to forward, to promote, fremmed, strange, fremkommer, to come forth or out; German fremd, strange, foreign; Dutch vreemd, id. If m is radical, this word is probably from the root of roam, ramble, primarily to pass, to go.] The sense of from may be expressed by the noun distance, or by the adjective distant, or by the participles, departing, removing to a distance. Thus it is one hundred miles from Boston to Hartford. He took his sword from his side. Light proceeds from the sun. Water issues from the earth in springs. Separate the coarse wool from the fine. Men have all sprung from Adam. Men often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse. The merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds. Men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony. We should aim to judge from undeniable premises. The sense of from is literal or figurative, but it is uniformly the same. In certain phrases, generally or always elliptical, from is followed by certain adverbs, denoting place, region or position, indefinitely, no precise point being expressed; as,

From above, from the upper regions.

From afar, from a distance.

From beneath, from a place or region below.

From below, from a lower place.

From behind, from a place or position in the rear.

From far, from a distant place.

From high, from on high, from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven.

From hence, from this place; but from is superfluous before hence. The phrase however is common.

From thence, from that place; from being superfluous.

From whence, from which place; from being superfluous.

From where, from which place.

From within, from the interior or inside.

From without, from the outside, from abroad.

From precedes another preposition, followed by its proper object or case.

From amidst, as from amidst the waves.

From among, as from among the trees.

From beneath, as from beneath my head.

From beyond, as from beyond the river.

From forth, as from forth his bridal bower. But this is an inverted order of the words; forth from his bower.

From off, as from off the mercy seat, that is, from the top or surface.

From out, as from out a window, that is, through an opening or from the inside.

From out of, is an ill combination of words and not to be used.

From under, as from under the bed, from under the ashes, that is, from beneath or the lower side.

From within, as from within the house, that is, from the inner part or interior.

Fromward

FROM'WARD, adverb [Saxon fram and weard.] Away from; the contrary of toward.

Frond

FROND, noun [Latin frons, frondis. The sense is a shoot or shooting forward, as in frons, frontis.] In botany, a term which Linne applies to the peculiar leafing of palms and ferns. He defines it, a kind of stem which has the branch united with the leaf and frequently with the fructification. The term seems to import the union of a leaf and a branch.

Martyn. Milne.

Frondation

FRONDA'TION, noun A lopping of trees.

Evelyn.

Frondescence

FRONDES'CENCE, noun [Latin frondesco, from frons.] In botany, the precise time of the year and month in which each species of plants unfolds its leaves.

Milne. Martyn.

Frondiferous

FRONDIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin frons, and fero, to bear.] Producing fronds.

Frondous

FROND'OUS, adjective A frondous flower is one which is leafy, one which produces branches charged with both leaves and flowers. Instances of this luxuriance sometimes occur in the rose and anemone.

Milne.

Front

FRONT, noun [Latin frons, frontis; French front; Spanish frente, fronte; Italian fronte; from a root signifying, to shoot forward, to project, as in Greek, the nose, Welsh trwyn and rhon, a pike. Class Rn.]

1. Properly, the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes; hence, the whole face. His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.

Prior.

2. The forehead or face, as expressive of the temper or disposition; as a bold front, equivalent to boldness or impudence. So a hardened front is shamelessness.

3. The forepart of any thing; as the front of a house, the principal face or side.

4. The forepart or van of an army or a body of troops.

5. The part or place before the face, or opposed to it, or to the forepart of a thing. He stood in front of his troops. The road passes in front of his house.

6. The most conspicuous part or particular.

7. Impudence; as men of front.

Tatler.

Front

FRONT, verb transitive To oppose face to face; to oppose directly. I shall front thee, like some staring ghost, With all my wrongs about me.

Dryden.

2. To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any thing; as, his house fronts the church.

Front

FRONT, verb intransitive To stand foremost.

Shak.

2. To have the face or front towards any point of compass.

Frontal

FRONT'AL, noun [Latin frontale; French frontal; from Latin frons.]

1. In medicine, a medicament or preparation to be applied to the forehead.

Quincy.

2. In architecture, a little pediment or frontpiece, over a small door or window.

Encyc.

3. In Jewish ceremonies, a frontlet or browband, consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid on lether, and tied round the forehead in the synagogue; each piece containing some text of scripture.

Encyc.

Frontbox

FRONT'BOX, noun The box in a playhouse before the rest.

Pope.

Fronted

FRONT'ED, adjective Formed with a front.

Milton.

Frontier

FRONTIE'R, noun [French frontiere; Italian frontiera; Spanish frontera.] The marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; that is, the part furthest advanced, or the part that fronts an enemy, or which an invading enemy meets in front, or which fronts another country.

Frontier

FRONTIE'R, adjective Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as a frontier town.

Frontiered

FRONTIE'RED, adjective Guarded on the frontiers.

Spenser.

Frontinac

FRONTINAC', or FRONTINIAC', noun A species of French wine, named from the place in Languedoc where it is produced.

Frontispiece

FRONT'ISPIECE, noun [Latin frontispicium; frons and specio, to view.]

1. In architecture, the principal face of a building; the face that directly presents itself to the eye.

2. An ornamental figure or engraving fronting the first page of a book, or at the beginning.

Frontless

FRONT'LESS, adjective Wanting shame or modesty; not diffident; as frontless vice; frontless flattery.

Dryden. Pope.

Frontlet

FRONT'LET, noun [from front.] A frontal or browband; a fillet or band worn on the forehead. Deuteronomy 6.

Frontroom

FRONTROOM, noun A room or apartment in the forepart of a house.

Moxon.

Froppish

FROP'PISH, adjective Peevish; froward. [Not in use.]

Clarendon.

Frore

FRORE, adjective [German fror, gefroren; Dutch vroor, bevrooren.] Frozen. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Frorne

FRORNE, adjective Frozen.

Frory

FRO'RY, adjective Frozen.

Spenser.

2. Covered with a froth resembling hoar-frost. [Not in use.]

Fairfax.

Frost

FROST, n. fraust. [Saxon German Swedish and Danish frost; Dutch vorst; from freeze, froze. Qu. Slav. mraz, mroz, id.]

1. A fluid congealed by cold into ice or crystals; as hoar-frost, which is dew or vapor congealed. He scattereth the hoar-frost like ashes. Psalm 147.

2. The act of freezing; congelation of fluids. The third day comes a frost, a killing frost.

Shak.

3. In physiology, that state or temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the congelation of water.

Encyc.

4. The appearance of plants sparkling with icy crystals.

Pope.

Frost

FROST, verb transitive In cookery, to cover or sprinkle with a composition of sugar, resembling hoar-frost; as, to frost cake.

2. To cover with any thing resembling hoar-frost.

Frostbitten

FROST'BITTEN, adjective Nipped, withered or affected by frost.

Frosted

FROST'ED, participle passive Covered with a composition like white frost.

2. adjective Having hair changed to a gray or white color, as if covered with hoar-frost; as a head frosted by age.

Frostily

FROST'ILY, adverb With frost or excessive cold.

2. Without warmth of affection; coldly.

Frostiness

FROST'INESS, noun The state or quality of being frosty; freezing cold.

Frosting

FROST'ING, participle of the present tense Covering with something resembling hoar-frost.

Frosting

FROST'ING, noun The composition resembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake, &c.

Frostless

FROST'LESS, adjective Free from frost; as a frostless winter.

Swift.

Frostnail

FROST'NAIL, noun A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to prevent the horse from slipping onice. In some of the United States, the ends of the shoe are pointed for this purpose, and these points are called calks.

Frostwork

FROST'WORK, noun Work resembling hoarfrost on shrubs.

Blackmore.

Frosty

FROST'Y, adjective Producing frost; having power to congeal water; as a frosty night; frosty weather.

2. Containing frost; as, the grass is frosty.

3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage.

Johnson.

4. Resembling hoar-frost; white; gray-haired; as a frosty head.

Shak.

Froth

FROTH, n. frauth. [Greek; Swedish fradga. It is allied perhaps to German brausen, to roar, fret, froth; Irish bruithim, to boil; Welsh brydiaw, to heat.]

1. Spume; foam; the bubbles caused in liquors by fermentation or agitation.

Bacon. Milton.

2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence.

Johnson.

3. Light, unsubstantial matter.

Tusser.

Froth

FROTH, verb transitive To cause to foam.

Beaum.

Froth

FROTH, verb intransitive To foam; to throw up spume; to throw out foam or bubbles. Beer froths in fermentation. The sea froths when violently agitated. A horse froths at the mouth when heated.

Frothily

FROTH'ILY, adverb With foam or spume.

2. In an empty trifling manner.

Frothiness

FROTH'INESS, noun The state of being frothy; emptiness; senseless matter.

Frothy

FROTH'Y, adjective Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles.

2. Soft; not firm or solid.

Bacon.

3. Vain; light; empty; unsubstantial; as a vain frothy speaker; a frothy harangue.

Frounce

FROUNCE, noun A distemper of hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the bill. [See the Verb.]

Skinner.

Frounce

FROUNCE, verb transitive [Spanish fruncir, to plait or gather the edge of cloth into plaits, to frizzle, to wrinkle; French froncer, to gather, to knit, to contract; Armoric fronÃƒ-§za. See Frown.] To curl or frizzle the hair about the face. Not tricked and frounced as she was wont.

Milton.

Frounce

FROUNCE, noun A wrinkle, plait or curl; an ornament of dress.

Beaum.

Frounced

FROUN'CED, participle passive Curled; frizzled.

Frounceless

FROUN'CELESS, adjective Having no plait or wrinkle.

Chaucer.

Frouncing

FROUN'CING, participle of the present tense Curling; crisping.

Frouzy

FROU'ZY, adjective Fetid; musty; rank; dim; cloudy.

Swift.

Frow

FROW, noun [German frau; Dutch vrouw; Danish frue.] A woman. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Froward

FRO'WARD, adjective [Saxon framweard; fram or fra and weard, Latin versus: turned or looking from.] Perverse, that is, turning from, with aversion or reluctance; not willing to yield or comply with what is required; unyielding; ungovernable; refractory; disobedient; peevish; as a froward child. They are a very froward generation, children in whom is no faith. Deuteronomy 32.

Frowardly

FRO'WARDLY, adverb Perversely; in a peevish manner.

Frowardness

FRO'WARDNESS, noun Perverseness; reluctance to yield or comply; disobedience; peevishness.

South.

Frower

FROW'ER, noun A sharp edged tool to cleave laths.

Tusser.

Frown

FROWN, verb intransitive [French refrogner, properly to knit the brows. Frogner, the primitive word, is not used. It is allied perhaps to frounce, from the root Rn.]

1. To express displeasure by contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly; to look stern; followed by on or at; as, to frown on a profligate man, or to frown at his vices. Heroes in animated marble frown.

Pope.

2. To manifest displeasure in any manner. When providence frowns on our labors, let us be humble and submissive.

3. To lower; to look threatening.

Frown

FROWN, verb transitive To repel by expressing displeasure; to rebuke. Frown the impudent fellow into silence.

Frown

FROWN, noun A wrinkled look, particularly expressing dislike; a sour, severe or stern look, expressive of displeasure. His front yet threatens and his frowns command.

Prior.

2. Any expression of displeasure; as the frowns of providence; the frowns of fortune.

Frowning

FROWN'ING, participle of the present tense Knitting the brow in anger or displeasure; expressing displeasure by a surly, stern or angry look; lowering; threatening.

Frowningly

FROWN'INGLY, adverb Sternly; with a look of displeasure.

Frowy

FROW'Y, adjective [The same as frouzy; perhaps a contracted word.] Musty; rancid; rank; as frowy butter.

Frozen

FRO'ZEN, participle passive of freeze. Congealed by cold.

2. Cold; frosty; chill; as the frozen climates of the north.

3. Chill or cold in affection.

Sidney.

4. Void of natural heat or vigor.

Pope.

F. R. S.

F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society.

Frubish

FRUBISH, for furbish, is not used.

Fructed

FRUCT'ED, adjective [Latin fructus, fruit.] In heraldry, bearing fruit.

Fructescence

FRUCTES'CENCE, noun [from Latin fructus, fruit. See Fruit.] In botany, the precise time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and its seeds are dispersed; the fruiting season.

Milne. Martyn. Encyc.

Fructiferous

FRUCTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin fructus, fruit, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing fruit.

Fructification

FRUCTIFICA'TION, noun [See Fructify.]

1. The act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.

2. In botany, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to generation, terminating the old vegetable and beginning the new. It consists of seven parts, the calyx, empalement or flower-cup, the corol or petals, the stamens, and the pistil, which belong to the flower, the pericarp and seed, which pertain to the fruit, and the receptacle or base, on which the other parts are seated. The receptacle belongs both to the flower and fruit.

Linne. Milne.

Fructify

FRUC'TIFY, verb transitive [Low Latin fructifico; French fructifier; fructus, fruit, and facio, to make.] To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to fructify the earth.

Howell.

Fructify

FRUC'TIFY, verb intransitive To bear fruit. [Unusual.]

Hooker.

Fructuation

FRUCTUA'TION, noun Produce; fruit. [Not used.]

Pownall.

Fructuous

FRUC'TUOUS, adjective [French fructueux.] Fruitful; fertile; also, impregnating with fertility.

Philips.

Fructure

FRUC'TURE, noun Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Not used.]

Frugal

FRU'GAL, adjective [Latin frugalis; French Spanish frugal; said to be from fruges, corn, grain of any kind. Most probably it is from the root of fruor, for frugor, to use, to take the profit of, which coincides in elements and sense with German brauchen, Saxon brucan. See Fruit.] Economical in the use or appropriation of money, goods or provisions of any kind; saving unnecessary expense, either of money or of any thing else which is to be used or consumed; sparing; not profuse, prodigal or lavish. We ought to be frugal not only in the expenditure of money and of goods, but in the employment of time. It is followed by of, before the thing saved; as frugal of time. It is not synonymous with parsimonious, nor with thrifty, as now used.

Frugality

FRUGAL'ITY, noun Prudent economy; good husbandry or housewifery; a sparing use or appropriation of money or commodities; a judicious use of any thing to be expended or employed; that careful management of money or goods which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; that use in which nothing is wasted. It is not equivalent to parsimony, the latter being an excess of frugality, and a fault. Frugality is always a virtue. Nor is it synonymous with thrift, in its proper sense; for thrift is the effect of frugality. Without frugality none can become rich, and with it few would be poor.

Johnson.

2. A prudent and sparing use or appropriation of any thing; as frugality of praise.

Dryden.

Frugally

FRU'GALLY, adverb With economy; with good management; in a saving manner. He seldom lives frugally, that lives by chance.

Frugiferous

FRUGIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin frugifer; fruges, corn, and fero, to bear.] Producing fruit or corn.

Frugivorous

FRUGIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin fruges, corn, and voro, to eat.] Feeding on fruits, seeds or corn, as birds and other animals.

Nat. Hist.

Fruit

FRUIT, noun [French fruit; Italian frutto; Spanish fruto; from Latin fructus; Armoric frouczen, or froehen; Dutch vrught; German frucht; Danish frugt; Swedish frucht. The Latin word is the participle of fruor, contracted from frugor, or frucor, to use, to take the profit of; allied perhaps to Saxon brucan, brycean, German brauchen, to use, to enjoy. Class Brg. No. 6. 7.]

1. In a general sense, whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of animals, or for clothing or profit. Among the fruits of the earth are included not only corn of all kinds, but grass, cotton, flax, grapes and all cultivated plants. In this comprehensive sense, the word is generally used in the plural.

2. In a more limited sense, the produce of a tree or other plant; the last production for the propagation or multiplication of its kind; the seed of plants, or the part that contains the seeds; as wheat, rye, oats, apples, quinces, pears, cherries, acorns, melons, &c.

3. In botany, the seed of a plant, or the seed with the pericarp.

4. Production; that which is produced. The fruit of the spirit is in all goodness, and righteousness, and truth. Ephesians 5.

5. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body.

Scripture.

6. Effect or consequence. They shall eat the fruit of their doings. Isaiah 3.

7. Advantage; profit; good derived. What fruit had ye then in those things where-of ye are now ashamed? Romans 6.

8. Production, effect or consequence; in an ill sense; as the fruits of sin; the fruits of intemperance.

Fruit

FRUIT, verb intransitive To produce fruit. [Not well authorized.]

Chesterfield.

Fruitage

FRUITAGE, noun [French] Fruit collectively; various fruits.

Milton.

Fruitbearer

FRUITBEARER, noun That which produces fruit.

Mortimer.

Fruitbearing

FRUITBEARING, adjective Producing fruit; having the quality of bearing fruit.

Mortimer.

Fruiterer

FRUITERER, noun One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.

Fruitery

FRUITERY, noun [French fruiterie.] Fruit collectively taken.

Philips.

2. A fruitloft; a repository for fruit.

Johnson.

Fruitful

FRUITFUL, adjective Very productive; producing fruit in abundance; as fruitful soil; a fruitful tree; a fruitful season.

2. Prolific; bearing children; not barren. Be fruitful, and multiplyÃ‚-- Genesis 1.

3. Plenteous; abounding in any thing.

Pope.

4. Productive of any thing; fertile; as fruitful in expedients.

4. Producing in abundance; generating; as fruitful in crimes.

Fruitfully

FRUITFULLY, adverb In such a manner as to be prolific.

Roscommon.

2. Plenteously; abundantly

Shak.

Fruitfulness

FRUITFULNESS, noun The quality of producing fruit in abundance; productiveness; fertility; as the fruitfulness of land.

2. Fecundity; the quality of being prolific, or producing many young; applied to animals.

3. Productiveness of the intellect; as the fruitfulness of the brain.

4. Exuberant abundance.

B. Jonson.

Fruit-Grove

FRUIT-GROVE, noun A grove or close plantation of fruit-trees.

Fruition

FRUI'TION, noun [from Latin fruor, to use or enjoy.] Use, accompanied with pleasure, corporeal or intellectual; enjoyment; the pleasure derived from use or possession. If the affliction is on his body, his appetites are weakened, and capacity of fruition destroyed.

Rogers.

Fruitive

FRUITIVE, adjective Enjoying.

Boyle.

Fruitless

FRUITLESS, adjective Not bearing fruit; barren; destitute of fruit; as a fruitless plant.

Raleigh.

2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; as a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy.

3. Having no offspring.

Shak.

Fruitlessly

FRUITLESSLY, adjective [from fruitless.] Without any valuable effect; idly; vainly; unprofitably.

Dryden.

Fruitlessness

FRUITLESSNESS, noun The quality of being vain or unprofitable.

Fruit-Loft

FRUIT-LOFT, noun A place for the preservation of fruit.

Fruit-Time

FRUIT-TIME, noun The time for gathering fruit.

Fruit-Tree

FRUIT-TREE, noun A tree cultivated for its fruit, or a tree whose principal value consists in the fruit it produces, as the cherry-tree, apple-tree, pear-tree. The oak and beech produce valuable fruit, but the fruit is not their principal value.

Frumentaceous

FRUMENTA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin frumentaceus.]

1. Made of wheat, or like grain.

2. Resembling wheat, in respect to leaves, ears, fruit, and the like.

Encyc.

Frumentarious

FRUMENTA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin frumentarius, from frumentum, corn.] Pertaining to wheat or grain.

Frumentation

FRUMENTA'TION, noun [Latin frumentatio.] Among the Romans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people to quiet them when uneasy or turbulent.

Encyc.

Frumenty

FRU'MENTY, noun [Latin frumentum, wheat or grain.] Food made of wheat boiled in milk.

Frump

FRUMP, noun A joke, jeer or flout. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Frump

FRUMP, verb transitive To insult. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Frush

FRUSH, verb transitive [French froisser.] To bruise; to crush. Obs.

Shak.

Frush

FRUSH, noun [German frosch, a frog.] In farriery, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse, at some distance from the toe, dividing into two branches, and running toward the heel in the form of a fork.

Farrier's Dict.

Frustrable

FRUS'TRABLE, adjective [See Frustrate.] That may be frustrated or defeated.

Frustraneous

FRUSTRA'NEOUS, adjective [See Frustrate.] Vain; useless; unprofitable. [Little used.]

More. South.

Frustrate

FRUS'TRATE, verb transitive [Latin frustro; French frustrer; Spanish frustrar; allied probably to French

froisser, briser, Armoric brousta, freuza, to break. Class Rd or Rs.]

1. Literally, to break or interrupt; hence, to defeat; to disappoint; to balk; to bring to nothing; as, to frustrate a plan, design or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.

2. To disappoint; applied to persons.

3. To make null; to nullify; to render of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed.

Frustrate

FRUS'TRATE, part. a. Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; void; of no effect.

Hooker. Dryden.

Frustrated

FRUS'TRATED, participle passive Defeated; disappointed; rendered vain or null.

Frustrating

FRUS'TRATING, participle of the present tense Defeating; disappointing; making vain or of no effect.

Frustration

FRUSTRA'TION, noun The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as the frustration of one's attempt or design.

South.

Frustrative

FRUS'TRATIVE, adjective Tending to defeat; fallacious.

Dict.

Frustratory

FRUS'TRATORY, adjective That makes void; that vacates or renders null; as a frustatory appeal.

Ayliffe.

Frustum

FRUS'TUM, noun [Latin See Frustrate.] A piece or part of a solid body separated from the rest. The frustum of a cone, is the part that remains after the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base; called otherwise a truncated cone.

Encyc.

Frutescent

FRUTES'CENT, adjective [Latin frutex, a shrub.] In botany, from herbaceous becoming shrubby; as a frutescent stem.

Martyn.

Frutex

FRU'TEX, noun [Latin] In botany, a shrub; a plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree.

Milne.

Fruticant

FRU'TICANT, adjective Full of shoots.

Evelyn.

Fruticous

FRU'TICOUS, adjective [Latin fruticosus.] Shrubby; as a fruticous stem.

Fry

FRY, verb transitive [Latin frigo; Greek; Spanish freir; Italian friggere; Portugese frigir; French frire; Irish friochtalaim. The sense is nearly the same as in boil or broil, to agitate, to fret.] To dress with fat by heating or roasting in a pan over a fire; to cook and prepare for eating in a fryingpan; as, to fry meat or vegetables.

Fry

FRY, verb intransitive To be heated and agitated; to suffer the action of fire or extreme heat.

2. To ferment, as in the stomach.

Bacon.

3. To be agitated; to boil.

Dryden.

Fry

FRY, noun [French frai, from the verb.] A swarm or crowd of little fish; so called from their crowding, tumbling and agitation. [So Spanish hervir, to swarm or be crowded, from Latin ferveo, and vulgarly boiling is used for a crowd.]

Milton.

2. A dish of any thing fried.

3. A kind of sieve. [Not used in America.]

Mortimer.

Frying

FRY'ING, participle of the present tense Dressing in a fryingpan; heating; agitating.

Fryingpan

FRY'INGPAN, noun A pan with a long handle, used for frying meat and vegetables.

Fub

FUB, noun A plump boy; a woman. [Not in use.]

Todd.

Fub

FUB, verb transitive To put off; to delay; to cheat. [See Fob.]

Shak.

Fucate

FU'CATE, or FU'CATED, adjective [Latin fucatus, from fuco, to stain.] Painted; disguised with paint; also, disguised with false show.

Johnson.

Fucus

FU'CUS, noun [Latin See Feign.] A paint; a dye; also, false show.

B. Jonson. Sandys.

2. plu. fucuses, in botany, a genus of Algae, or sea-weeds; the sea-wrack, &c.

Encyc.

Fudder

FUDDER of lead. [See Fother.]

Fuddle

FUD'DLE, verb transitive To make drunk; to intoxicate.

Thomson.

Fuddle

FUD'DLE, verb intransitive To drink to excess.

L'Estrange.

Fuddled

FUD'DLED, participle passive Drunk; intoxicated.

Fuddling

FUD'DLING, participle of the present tense Intoxicating; drinking to excess.

Fudge

FUDGE, a word of contempt.

Fuel

FU'EL, noun [from French feu, fire, contracted from Spanish fuego, Italian fuoco, Latin focus.]

1. Any matter which serves as aliment to fire; that which feeds fire; combustible matter, as wood, coal, peat, &c.

2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase flame, heat or excitement.

Fuel

FU'EL, verb transitive To feed with combustile matter. Never, alas! the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame.

Cowley.

2. To store with fuel or firing.

Wotton.

Fueled

FU'ELED, participle passive Fed with combustible matter; stored with firing.

Fueler

FU'ELER, noun He or that which supplies fuel.

Donne.

Fueling

FU'ELING, participle of the present tense Feeding with fuel; supplying with fuel.

Fugacious

FUGA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin fugax, from fugo, to chase, or fugio, to flee.] Flying or fleeing away; volatile.

Fugaciousness

FUGA'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of flying away; volatility.

Fugacity

FUGAC'ITY, noun [Latin fugax, supra.] Volatility; the quality of flying away; as the fugacity of spirits.

Boyle.

2. Uncertainty; instability.

Johnson.

Fugh

FUGH, or FOH, an exclamation expressing abhorrence.

Dryden.

Fugitive

FU'GITIVE, adjective [French fugitif; Latin fugitivus, from fugio, to flee, Greek.]

1. Volatile; apt to flee away; readily wafted by the wind. The more tender and jugitive partsÃ‚--

Woodward.

2. Not tenable; not to be held or detained; readily escaping; as a fugitive idea.

Locke.

3. Unstable; unsteady; fleeting; not fixed or durable.

Johnson.

4. Fleeing; running from danger or pursuit.

Milton.

5. Fleeing from duty; eloping; escaping. Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself, while her parents are in tears?

Clarissa.

6. Wandering; vagabond; as a fugitive physician.

Wotton.

7. In literature, fugitive compositions are such as are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, and considered to be fleeting and temporary.

Fugitive

FU'GITIVE, noun One who flees from his station or duty; a deserter; one who flees from danger.

Bacon. Milton.

2. One who has fled or deserted and taken refuge under another power, or one who has fled from punishment.

Dryden.

3. One hard to be caught or detained. Or catch that airy fugitive, called wit.

Harte.

Fugitiveness

FU'GITIVENESS, noun Volatility; fugacity; an aptness to fly away.

Boyle.

2. Instability; unsteadiness.

Johnson.

Fugue

FUGUE, n. fug. [French fugue; Latin Spanish Italian fuga.] In music, a chase or succession in the parts; that which expresses the capital thought or sentiment of the piece, in causing it to pass successively and alternately from one part to another.

Encyc.

Fuguist

FU'GUIST, noun A musician who composes fugues, or performs them extemporaneously.

Busby.

Fulciment

FUL'CIMENT, noun [Latin fulcimentum, from fulcio, to prop.] A prop; a fulcrum; that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.]

Wilkins.

Fulcrate

FUL'CRATE, adjective [from Latin fulcrum, a prop.]

1. In botany, a fulcrate stem is one whose branches descend to the earth, as in Ficus.

Lee.

2. Furnished with fulcres.

Fulcrum

FUL'CRUM, or FUL'CRE, noun [Latin] A prop or support.

2. In mechanics, that by which a lever is sustained.

3. In botany, the part of a plant which serves to support or defend it, or to facilitate some necessary secretion, as a stipule, a bracte, a tendril, a gland, &c.

Milne. Martyn.

Fulfill

FULFILL', verb transitive [A tautological compound of full and fill.]

1. To accomplish; to perform; to complete; to answer in execution or event what has been foretold or promised; as, to fulfill a prophecy or prediction; to fulfill a promise.

2. To accomplish what was intended; to answer a design by execution. Here nature seems fulfilled in all her ends.

Milton.

3. To accomplish or perform what was desired; to answer any desire by compliance or gratification. He will fulfill the desire of them that fear him. Psalm 145.

4. To perform what is required; to answer a law by obedience. If ye fulfill the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well. James 2.

5. To complete in time.

Fulfill her week. Genesis 29.

6. In general, to accomplish; to complete; to carry into effect.

Fulfilled

FULFILL'ED, participle passive Accomplished; performed; completed; executed.

Fulfiller

FULFILL'ER, noun One that fulfills or accomplishes.

Fulfilling

FULFILL'ING, participle of the present tense Accomplishing; performing; completing.

Fulfillment

FULFILL'MENT, or FULFILL'ING, noun Accomplishment; completion; as the fulfillment of prophecy.

2. Execution; performance; as the fulfillment of a promise.

Fulfraught

FUL'FRAUGHT, adjective [full and fraught.] Full-stored.

Shak.

Fulgency

FUL'GENCY, noun [Latin fulgens, from fulgeo, to shine. See Effulgence.] Brightness; splendor; glitter.

Dict.

Fulgent

FUL'GENT, adjective Shining; dazzling; exquisitely bright.

Milton.

Fulgid

FUL'GID, adjective [Latin fulgidus, from fulgeo, to shine.] Shining; glittering; dazzling. [Not in use.]

Fulgor

FUL'GOR, noun [Latin] Splendor; dazzling brightness. [Little used.]

Brown. More.

Fulgurant

FUL'GURANT, adjective Lightening. [Not used.]

Fulgurate

FUL'GURATE, verb intransitive To flash as lightning. [Not used.]

Chambers.

Fulguration

FULGURA'TION, noun [Latin fulguratio, from fulgur, lightning.] Lightning; the act of lightening. [Little used or not at all.]

Fuliginosity

FULIGINOS'ITY, noun [Latin fuligo, soot, probably from the root of foul.] Sootiness; matter deposited by smoke.

Kirwan, Geol.

Fuliginous

FULIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin fuligineus, fuliginosus, from fuligo, soot.]

1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.

2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke; dusky.

Shenstone.

Fuliginously

FULIG'INOUSLY, adjective By being sooty.

Fulimart

FU'LIMART. [See Foumart.]

Full

FULL, adjective [Saxon Swedish full; German voll; Dutch vol; Goth fulds; Danish fuld; Welsh gwala, fullness. Qu. Italian vole, in composition. See Fill and to Full.]

1. Replete; having within its limits all that it can contain; as a vessel full of liquor.

2. Abounding with; having a large quantity or abundance; as a house full of furniture; life is full of cares and perplexities.

3. Supplied; not vacant. Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular.

Blackstone.

4. Plump; fat; as a full body.

5. Saturated; sated. I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Isaiah 1.

6. Crowded, with regard to the imagination or memory. Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions.

Locke.

7. Large; entire; not partial; that fills; as a full meal.

8. Complete; entire; not defective or partial; as the full accomplishment of a prophecy.

9. Complete; entire; without abatement. It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamedÃ‚-- Genesis 41.

10. Containing the whole matter; expressing the whole; as a full narration or description.

11. Strong; not faint or attenuated; loud; clear; distinct; as a full voice or sound.

12. Mature; perfect; as a person of full age.

13. Entire; complete; denoting the completion of a sentence; as a full stop or point.

14. Spread to view in all dimensions; as a head drawn with a full face.

Addison.

15. Exhibiting the whole disk or surface illuminated; as the full moon.

16. Abundant; plenteous; sufficient. We have a full supply of provisions for the year.

17. Adequate; equal; as a full compensation or reward for labor.

18. Well fed.

19. Well supplied or furnished; abounding.

20. Copious; ample. The speaker or the writer was full upon that point.

Mitford. A full band, in music, is when all the voices and instruments are employed. A full organ, is when all or most of the stops are out.

Full

FULL, noun Complete measure; utmost extent. This instrument answers to the full.

2. The highest state or degree. The swan's down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tideÃ‚--

Shak.

3. The whole; the total; in the phrase, at full.

Shak.

4. The state of satiety; as fed to the full. The full of the moon, is the time when it presents to the spectator its whole face illuminated, as it always does when in opposition to the sun.

Full

FULL, adverb Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution. The pawn I proffer shall be full as good.

Dryden.

2. With the whole effect. The diapason closing full in man.

Dryden.

3. Exactly.

Full in the center of the sacred wood.

Addison.

4. Directly; as, he looked him full in the face. It is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification; as full sad.

Milton.

Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition. Mark 7.

Full is prefixed to other words, chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree.

Full-Acorned

FULL-ACORNED, adjective Fed to the full with acorns.

Shak.

Full-Bloomed

FULL-BLOOMED, adjective Having perfect bloom.

Crashaw.

Full-Blown

FULL-BLOWN, adjective Fully expanded, as a blossom.

Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind.

Dryden.

Full-Bottom

FULL-BOTTOM, noun A wig with a large bottom.

Full-Bottomed

FULL-BOTTOMED, adjective Having a large bottom, as a wig.

Full-Butt

FULL-BUTT, adverb Meeting directly and with violence. [Vulgar.]

L'Estrange.

Full-Charged

FULL-CHARGED, adjective Charged to fullness.

Shak.

Full-Crammed

FULL-CRAMMED, adjective Crammed to fullness.

Marston.

Full-Dressed

FULL-DRESSED, adjective Dressed in form or costume.

Full-Drive

FULL-DRIVE, adjective Driving with full speed.

Chaucer.

Full-Eared

FULL-EARED, adjective Having the ears or heads full of grain.

Denham.

Full-Eyed

FULL-EYED, adjective Having large prominent eyes.

Full-Faced

FULL-FACED, adjective Having a broad face.

Full-Fed

FULL-FED, adjective Fed to fullness; plump with fat.

Full-Fraught

FULL-FRAUGHT, adjective Laden or stored to fullness.

Shak.

Full-Gorged

FULL-GORGED, adjective Over fed; a term of hawking.

Shak.

Full-Grown

FULL-GROWN, adjective Grown to full size.

Milton.

Full-Hearted

FULL-HEARTED, adjective Full of courage or confidence.

Shak.

Full-Hot

FULL-HOT, adjective Heated to the utmost.

Shak.

2. Quite as hot as it ought to be.

Full-Laden

FULL-LADEN, adjective Laden to the full.

Full-Manned

FULL-MANNED, adjective Completely furnished with men.

Full-Mouthed

FULL-MOUTHED, adjective Having a full or strong voice.

Full-Orbed

FULL-ORBED, adjective Having the orb complete or fully illuminated, as the moon; like the full moon.

Addison. Mason.

Full-Spread

FULL-SPREAD, adjective Extended to the utmost.

Dryden.

Full-Stomached

FULL-STOMACHED, adjective Having the stomach crammed.

Full-Stuffed

FULL-STUFFED, adjective Filled to the utmost extent.

Drayton.

Full-Summed

FULL-SUMMED, adjective Complete in all its parts.

Howell.

Full-Winged

FULL-WINGED, adjective Having complete wings or large strong wings.

Shak.

2. Ready for flight; eager.

Beaum.

Full

FULL, verb transitive [Saxon fullian; Latin fullo; Dutch vollen, vullen; French fouler, to tread, to press, to full; foule, a crowd; Italian folla, and folta, a crowd; folto, dense; allied to felt, filter, Italian feltro, from being thick or fulled. Saxon feala, many, Greek, that is, a crowd, a throng. Foul and defile are probably of the same family. As the French fouler signifies to tread and to full cloth, so walker, a fuller, is from the root of walk.] To thicken cloth in a mill. This is the primary sense: but in practice, to full is to mill; to make compact; or to scour, cleanse and thicken in a mill.

Fullage

FULL'AGE, noun Money paid for fulling cloth.

Fulled

FULL'ED, participle passive Cleansed; thickened; made dense and firm in a mill.

Fuller

FULL'ER, noun One whose occupation is to full cloth.

Fullers-Earth

FULL'ER'S-EARTH, noun A variety of clay, compact, but friable, unctuous to the touch, and of various colors, usually with a shade of green. It is useful in scouring and cleansing cloth, as it imbibes the grease and oil used in preparing wool.

Cleaveland. Encyc.

Fullers-Thistle

FULL'ER'S-THISTLE, or FULL'ER'S-WEED, noun Teasel, a plant of the genus Dipsacus. The burs are used in dressing cloth.

Fullery

FULL'ERY, noun The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.

Fulling

FULL'ING, participle of the present tense Thickening cloth in a mill; making compact.

Fulling

FULL'ING, noun The art or practice of thickening cloth and making it compact and firm in a mill, at the same time the cloth is cleansed of oily matter.

Fullingmill

FULL'INGMILL, noun A mill for fulling cloth by means of pestles or stampers, which beat and press it to a close or compact state and cleanse it.

Fullness

FULL'NESS, noun [from full.] The state of being filled, so as to leave no part vacant.

2. The state of abounding or being in great plenty; abundance.

3. Completeness; the state of a thing in which nothing is wanted; perfection. In thy presence is fullness of joy. Psalm 16.

4. Repletion; satiety; as from intemperance.

Taylor.

5. Repletion of vessels; as fullness of blood.

6. Plenty; wealth; affluence.

Shak.

7. Struggling perturbation; swelling; as the fullness of the heart.

8. Largeness; extent. There wanted the fullness of a plot, and variety of characters to form it as it ought.

Dryden.

9. Loudness; force of sound, such as fills the ear.

Pope.

Fullsome

FULL'SOME, adjective [Saxon ful, foul or full.] Gross; disgusting by plainness, grossness or excess; as fullsome flattery or praise.

Fullsomely

FULL'SOMELY, adverb Grossly; with disgusting plainness or excess.

Fullsomeness

FULL'SOMENESS, noun Offensive grossness, as of praise.

[These are the senses of this word and the only senses used in New England, as far as my knowledge extends.]

Fully

FUL'LY, adverb Completely; entirely; without lack or defect; in a manner to give satisfaction; to the extent desired; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition.

2. Completely; perfectly. Things partially known in this life will be hereafter fully disclosed.

Fulmar

FUL'MAR, noun A fowl of the genus Procellaria, or petrel kind, larger than a gull, possessing the singular faculty of spouting from its bill a quantity of pure oil against its adversary. It is an inhabitant of the Hebrides; it feeds on the fat of whales, and when one of them is taken, will perch on it even when alive and pick out pieces of flesh.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

2. The foulemart or fulimart. [See Foumart.]

Fulminant

FUL'MINANT, adjective [French from Latin fulminans.] Thundering.

Fulminate

FUL'MINATE, verb intransitive [Latin fulmino, from fulmen, thunder, from a root in Bl, which signifies to throw or to burst forth.]

1. To thunder.

Davies.

2. To make a loud sudden noise, or a sudden sharp crack; to detonate; as fulminating gold.

Boyle.

3. To hurl papal thunder; to issue forth ecclesiastical censures, as the pope.

Herbert.

Fulminate

FUL'MINATE, verb transitive To utter or send out, as a denunciation or censure; to send out, as a menace or censure by ecclesiastical authority.

Warburton. Ayliffe.

2. To cause to explode.

Sprat.

Fulminating

FUL'MINATING, participle of the present tense Thundering; crackling; exploding; detonating.

2. Hurling papal denunciations, menaces or censures.

Fulminating powder, a detonating compound of sulphur, carbonate of potash and niter.

Fulmination

FULMINA'TION, noun A thundering.

2. Denunciation of censure or threats, as by papal authority. The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule.

Ayliffe.

3. The explosion of certain chimical preparations; detonation.

Encyc.

Fulminatory

FUL'MINATORY, adjective Thundering; striking terror.

Johnson.

Fulmine

FUL'MINE, verb transitive To thunder. [Not in use.]

Spenser. Milton.

Fulminic

FULMIN'IC, a. Fulminic acid, in chimistry, is a peculiar acid contained in fulminating silver.

Henry.

Fulsome

FUL'SOME, adjective [Saxon ful, foul.] Nauseous; offensive. He that brings fulsome objects to my view, With nauseous images my fancy fills.

Roscommon.

2. Rank; offensive to the smell; as a rank and fulsome smell.

Bacon.

3. Lustful; as fulsome ewes.

Shak.

4. Tending to obscenity; as a fulsome epigram.

Dryden. These are the English definitions of fulsome but I have never witnessed such applications of the word in the United States. It seems then that full and foul are radically the same word, the primary sense of which is stuffed, crowded, from the sense of putting on or in. In the United States, the compound fullsome takes its signification from full, in the sense of cloying or satiating, and in England, fulsome takes its predominant sense from foulness.

Fulsomely

FUL'SOMELY, adverb Rankly; nauseously; obscenely.

Eng.

Fulsomeness

FUL'SOMENESS, noun Nauseousness; rank smell; obscenity.

Eng.

Fulvid

FUL'VID, adjective [See Fulvous, which is generally used.]

Fulvous

FUL'VOUS, adjective [Latin fulvus.] Yellow; tawny; saffron-colored.

Encyc.

Fumado

FUMA'DO, noun [Latin fumus, smoke.] A smoked fish.

Carew.

Fumatory

FU'MATORY, noun [Latin fumaria herba; French fumeterre; from fumus, smoke.] A plant or genus of plants, called Fumaria, of several species.

Encyc.

Fumble

FUM'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch fommelen; Danish famler; Swedish famla; properly, to stop, stammer, falter, hesitate, to feel along, to grope.]

1. To feel or grope about; to attempt awkwardly.

Cudworth.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse.

Dryden.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over. I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers.

Shak.

Fumble

FUM'BLE, verb transitive To manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together.

Shak.

Fumbler

FUM'BLER, noun One who gropes or manages awkwardly.

Fumbling

FUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Groping; managing awkwardly.

Fumblingly

FUM'BLINGLY, adverb In an awkward manner.

Fume

FUME, noun [Latin fumus, French fumÃƒ-©e, smoke.] Smoke; vapor from combustion, as from burning wood or tobacco.

Bacon.

2. Vapor; volatile matter ascending in a dense body.

Woodward.

3. Exhalation from the stomach; as the fumes of wine.

Dryden.

4. Rage; heat; as the fumes of passion.

South.

5. Any thing unsubstantial or fleeting.

Shak.

6. Idle conceit; vain imagination.

Bacon.

Fume

FUME, verb intransitive [Latin fumo, French fumer, Spanish fumar, Italian fumare, to smoke.]

1. To smoke; to throw off vapor, as in combustion. Where the golden altar fumed.

Milton.

2. To yield vapor or visible exhalations. Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain.

Roscommon.

3. To pass off in vapors. Their parts are kept from fuming away by their fixity.

Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

Dryden.

Fume

FUME, verb transitive To smoke; to dry in smoke.

Carew.

2. To perfume. She fumed the temples with an od'rous flame.

Dryden.

3. To disperse or drive away in vapors. The heat will fume away most of the scent.

Mortimer.

Fumet

FU'MET, noun The dung of deer.

B. Jonson.

Fumid

FU'MID, adjective [Latin fumidus.] Smoky; vaporous.

Brown.

Fumigate

FU'MIGATE, verb transitive [Latin fumigo; French fumiger; from fumus, smoke.]

1. To smoke; to perfume.

Dryden.

2. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke; as in chimistry, or in medicine by inhaling it, or in cleansing infected apartments.

Fumigated

FU'MIGATED, participle passive Smoked; exposed to smoke.

Fumigating

FU'MIGATING, participle of the present tense Smoking; applying smoke to.

Fumigation

FUMIGA'TION, noun [Latin fumigatio.] The act of smoking or applying smoke, as in chimistry for softening a metal, or in the healing art by inhaling tbe smoke of certain substances. Expectoration is often assisted and sometimes ulcers of the lungs healed by fumigation. Fumigation is also used in cleansing infected rooms.

2. Vapors; scent raised by fire.

Fuming

FU'MING, participle of the present tense Smoking; emitting vapors; raging; fretting.

Fumingly

FU'MINGLY, adverb Angrily; in a rage.

Hooker.

Fumish

FU'MISH, adjective Smoky; hot; choleric. [Little used.]

Fumiter

FU'MITER, noun A plant.

Fumous

FU'MOUS, or FU'MY, adjective Producing fume; full of vapor. From dice and wine the youth retir'd to rest, And puffed the fumy god from out his breast.

Dryden.

Fun

FUN, noun Sport; vulgar merriment. A low word. [Qu. Ethiopic. wani, to play.]

Funambulatory

FUNAM'BULATORY, adjective Performing like a rope dancer; narrow like the walk of a rope dancer.

Brown. Chambers.

Funambulist

FUNAM'BULIST, noun [Latin funis, rope, and ambulo, to walk.] A rope walker or dancer.

Function

FUNC'TION, noun [Latin functio, from fungor, to perform.]

1. In a general sense, the doing, executing or performing of any thing; discharge; performance; as the function of a calling or office. More generally,

2. Office or employment, or any duty or business belonging to a particular station or character, or required of a person in that station or character. Thus we speak of the functions of a chancellor, judge or bishop; the functions of a parent or guardian.

3. Trade; occupation. [Less proper.]

4. The office of any particular part of animal bodies; the peculiar or appropriate action of a member or part of the body, by which the animal economy is carried on. Thus we speak of the functions of the brain and nerves, of the heart, of the liver, of the muscles, &c.

5. Power; faculty, animal or intellectual. As the mind opens, and its functions spread.

Pope.

6. In mathematics, the function of a variable quantity, is any algebraic expression into which that quantity enters, mixed with other quantities that have invariable values.

Cyc.

Functionally

FUNC'TIONALLY, adverb By means of the functions.

Lawrence, Lect.

Functionary

FUNC'TIONARY, noun One who holds an office or trust; as a public functionary; secular functionaries.

Walsh.

Fund

FUND, noun [French fond; Spanish fondo, funda; Latin fundus, ground, bottom, foundation; connected with Latin fundo, to found, the sense of which is to throw down, to set, to lay; Irish bon or bun, bottom; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac, Arabic to build. Class Bn. No. 7. The Latin funda, a sling, a casting net or purse, Italian fonda, is from the same source.]

1. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation, undertaken with a view to profit, and by means of which expenses and credit are supported. Thus the capital stock of a banking institution is called its fund; the joint stock of a commercial or manufacturing house constitutes its fund or funds; and hence the word is applied to the money which an individual may possess, or the means he can employ for carrying on any enterprise or operation. No prudent man undertakes an expensive business without funds.

2. Money lent to government, constituting a national debt; or the stock of a national debt. Thus we say, a man is interested in the funds or public funds, when he owns the stock or the evidences of the public debt; and the funds are said to rise or fall, when a given amount of that debt sells for more or less in the market.

3. Money or income destined to the payment of the interest of a debt.

4. A sinking fund is a sum of money appropriated to the purchase of the public stocks or the payment of the public debt.

5. A stock or capital to afford supplies of any kind; as a fund of wisdom or good sense; a fund of wit. Hence,

6. Abundance; ample stock or store.

Fund

FUND, verb transitive To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources for discharging the annual interest of; as, to fund exchequer bills or government notes; to fund a national debt.

Bolingbroke. Hamilton.

2. To place money in a fund.

Fundament

FUND'AMENT, noun [Latin fundamentum, from fundo, to set.]

1. The seat; the lower part of the body or of the intestinum rectum.

Hume.

2. Foundation. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Fundamental

FUNDAMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence, essential; important; as a fundamental truth or principle; a fundamental law; a fundamental sound or chord in music.

Fundamental

FUNDAMENT'AL, noun A leading or primary principle, rule, law or article, which serves as the ground work of a system; essential part; as the fundamentals of the christian faith.

Fundamentally

FUNDAMENT'ALLY, noun Primarily; originally; essentially; at the foundation. All power is fundamentally in the citizens of a state.

Funded

FUND'ED, participle passive Furnished with funds for regular payment of the interest of.

Funding

FUND'ING, participle of the present tense Providing funds for the payment of the interest of.

Funebrial

FUNE'BRIAL, adjective [Latin funebris.] Pertaining to funerals.

Brown.

Funeral

FU'NERAL, noun [Italian funerale; French funerailles; from Latin funus, from funale, a cord, a torch, from funis, a rope or cord, as torches were made of cords, and were used in burials among the Romans.]

1. Burial; the ceremony of burying a dead body; the solemnization of interment; obsequies.

2. The procession of persons attending the burial of the dead.

Pope.

3. Burial; interment.

Denham.

Funeral

FU'NERAL, adjective Pertaining to burial; used at the interment of the dead; as funeral rites, honors or ceremonies; a funeral torch; funeral feast or games; funeral oration.

Encyc. Dryden.

Funeration

FUNERA'TION, noun Solemnization of a funeral. [Not used.]

Funereal

FUNE'REAL, adjective Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial.

Shak.

2. Dark; dismal; mournful.

Taylor.

Fungate

FUN'GATE, noun [from fungus.] A compound of fungic acid and a base.

Coxe.

Fungic

FUN'GIC, adjective Pertaining to or obtained from mushrooms; as fungic acid.

Fungiform

FUN'GIFORM, adjective [fungus and form.] In mineralogy, having a termination similar to the head of a fungus.

Philips.

Fungin

FUN'GIN, noun The fleshy part of mushrooms, now considered as a peculiar vegetable principle.

Coxe.

Fungite

FUN'GITE, noun [from fungus.] A kind of fossil coral.

Fungosity

FUNGOS'ITY, noun Soft excrescence.

Fungous

FUN'GOUS, adjective [See Fungus.] Like fungus or a mushroom; excrescent; spungy; soft.

2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.

Harris.

Fungus

FUN'GUS, noun [Latin] A mushroom, vulgarly called a toadstool. The Fungi constitute an order of plants of a peculiar organization and manner of growth. The word is also applied to excrescences on plants.

Encyc.

2. A spungy excrescence in animal bodies, as proud flesh formed in wounds.

Coxe. The term is particularly applied to any morbid excrescence, whether in wounds or arising spontaneously. Cyc. Cooper.

Funicle

FU'NICLE, noun [Latin funiculus, dim. of funis, a cord.] A small cord; a small ligature; a fiber.

Johnson.

Funicular

FUNIC'ULAR, adjective Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

Funk

FUNK, noun [Qu. Armoric fancq, French fange, mud, mire, matter.] An offensive smell. [Vulgar.]

Funnel

FUN'NEL, noun [Welsh fynel, an air-hole, funnel or chimney, from fwn, breath, source, connected with fount, which see.]

1. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance, particularly the shaft or hollow channel of a chimney through which smoke ascends.

2. A vessel for conveying fluids into close vessels; a kind of hollow cone with a pipe; a tunnel.

Ray.

Funnelform

FUN'NELFORM, or FUN'NELSHAPED, adjective Having the form of a funnel or inverted hollow cone.

Fam. of Plants.

Funny

FUN'NY, adjective [from fun.] Droll; comical.

Funny

FUN'NY, noun A light boat.

Fur

FUR, noun [French fourrure, from fourrer, to put on, to thrust in, to stuff; Spanish aforrar; Armoric feura. The sense seems to be, to stuff, to make thick, or to put on and thus make thick. In Welsh, fer is dense, solid.]

1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser. Fur is one of the most perfect non-conductors of heat, and serves to keep animals warm in cold climates.

2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as a cargo of furs.

3. Strips of skin with fur, used on garments for lining or for ornament. Garments are lined or faced with fur.

4. Hair in general; a loose application of the word.

5. A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever.

Fur

FUR, verb transitive To line, face or cover with fur; as a furred robe.

2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.

3. To line with a board, as in carpentry.

Fur-Wrought

FUR'-WROUGHT, a. fur'-raut. Made of fur.

Gay.

Furacious

FURA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin furax, from furor, to steal.] Given to theft; inclined to steal; thievish. [Little used.]

Furacity

FURAC'ITY, noun Thievishness. [Little used.]

Furbelow

FUR'BELOW, noun [French Italian Spanish falbala.] A piece of stuff plaited and puckered, on a gown or petticoat; a flounce; the plaited border of a petticoat or gown.

Furbelow

FUR'BELOW, verb transitive To put on a furbelow; to furnish with an ornamental appendage of dress.

Prior.

Furbish

FUR'BISH, verb transitive [Italian forbire; French fourbir.] To rub or scour to brightness; to polish; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear; to furbish arms.

Furbished

FUR'BISHED, participle passive Scoured to brightness; polished; burnished.

Furbisher

FUR'BISHER, noun One who polishes or makes bright by rubbing; one who cleans.

Furbishing

FUR'BISHING, participle of the present tense Rubbing to brightness; polishing.

Furcate

FUR'CATE, adjective [Latin furca, a fork.] Forked; branching like the prongs of a fork.

Lee, Botany.

Furcation

FURCA'TION, noun A forking; a branching like the tines of a fork.

Brown.

Furdle

FUR'DLE, verb transitive [French fardeau, a bundle.] To draw up into a bundle. [Not used.]

Brown.

Furfur

FUR'FUR, noun [Latin] Dandruff; scurf; scales like bran.

Furfuraceous

FURFURA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin furfuraceus.] Scaly; branny; scurfy; like bran.

Furious

FU'RIOUS, adjective [Latin furiosus; Italian furioso; French furieux. See Fury.]

1. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as a furious stream; a furious wind or storm.

2. Raging; violent; transported with passion; as a furious animal.

3. Mad; phrenetic.

Furiously

FU'RIOUSLY, adverb With impetuous motion or agitation; violently; vehemently; as, to run furiously; to attack one furiously.

Furiousness

FU'RIOUSNESS, noun Impetuous motion or rushing; violent agitation.

2. Madness; phrensy; rage.

Furl

FURL, verb transitive [French ferler; Armoric farlea; Spanish aferrar, to grapple, to seize, to furl; Portugese ferrar.] To draw up; to contract; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and fasten it by a gasket or cord.

Mar. Dict.

Furled

FURL'ED, participle passive Wrapped and fastened to a yard, &c.

Furling

FURL'ING, participle of the present tense Wrapping or rolling and fastening to a yard, &c.

Furlong

FUR'LONG, noun [Saxon furlang; far or fur and long.] A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods, poles or perches.

Furlow

FUR'LOW, noun [Dutch verlof; German urlaub; Danish orlov; Swedish orlof; compounded of the root of fare, to go, and leave, permission. See Fare and Leave. The common orthography furlough is corrupt, as the last syllable exhibits false radical consonants. The true orthography is furlow.] Leave of absence; a word used only in military affairs. Leave or license given by a commanding officer to an officer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time.

Furlow

FUR'LOW, verb transitive To furnish with a furlow; to grant leave of absence to an officer or soldier.

Furmenty

FUR'MENTY, noun [See Frumenty.]

Furnace

FUR'NACE, noun [French fournaise, fourneau; Italian fornace; Spanish horno; from Latin fornax, furnus, either from burning, or the sense is an arch.]

1. A place where a vehement fire and heat may be made and maintained, for melting ores or metals, &c. A furnace for casting cannon and other large operations is inclosed with walls through which a current of air is blown from a large bellows. In smaller operations a vessel is constructed with a chamber or cavity, with a door and a grate.

2. In scripture, a place of cruel bondage and affliction. Deuteronomy 4.

3. Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. Ezekiel 22.

4. A place of temporal torment. Danish iii.

5. Hell; the place of endless torment. Matthew 13.

Furnace

FUR'NACE, verb transitive To throw out sparks as a furnace

Shak.

Furniment

FUR'NIMENT, noun [French fourniment.] Furniture. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Furnish

FUR'NISH, verb transitive [French fournir; Armoric fourniÃƒ-§za; Italian fornire. There is a close affinity, in sense and elements, between furnish, garnish, and the Latin orno, which may have been forno or horno. We see in furlow, above, the f is lost in three of the languages, and it may be so in orno. The primary sense is to put on, or to set on.]

1. To supply with any thing wanted or necessary; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish arms for defense; to furnish a table; to furnish a library; to furnish one with money or implements.

2. To supply; to store; as, to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles.

3. To fit up; to supply with the proper goods, vessels or ornamental appendages; as, to furnish a house or a room.

4. To equip; to fit for an expedition; to supply.

Furnished

FUR'NISHED, adjective Supplied; garnished; fitted with necessaries.

Furnisher

FUR'NISHER, noun One who supplies or fits out.

Furnishing

FUR'NISHING, participle of the present tense Supplying; fitting; garnishing.

Furniture

FUR'NITURE, noun [French fourniture; Italian fornimento; Armoric fournimand.]

1. Goods, vessels, utensils and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping; whatever is added to the interior of a house or apartment, for use or convenience.

2. Appendages; that which is added for use or ornament; as the earth with all its furniture.

3. Equipage; ornaments; decorations; in a very general sense.

Furred

FUR'RED, participle passive [See Fur.] Lined or ornamented with fur; thickened by the addition of a board.

Furrier

FUR'RIER, noun A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells muffs, tippets, &c.

Furriery

FUR'RIERY, noun Furs in general.

Tooke.

Furring

FUR'RING, participle of the present tense Lining or ornamenting with fur; lining with a board.

Furrow

FUR'ROW, noun [Saxon fur or furh; German furche; Danish furre; Swedish fora. Qu. Greek, to plow.] A trench in the earth made by a plow.

2. A long narrow trench or channel in wood or metal; a groove.

3. A hollow made by wrinkles in the face.

Furrow

FUR'ROW, verb transitive [Saxon fyrian.] To cut a furrow; to make furrows in; to plow.

2. To make long narrow channels or grooves in.

3. To cut; to make channels in; to plow; as, to furrow the deep.

4. To make hollows in by wrinkles. Sorrow furrows the brow.

Furrowfaced

FUR'ROWFACED, adjective Having a wrinkled or furrowed face.

B. Jonson.

Furrowweed

FUR'ROWWEED, noun A weed growing on plowed land.

Shak.

Furry

FUR'RY, adjective [from fur.] Covered with fur; dressed in fur.

2. Consisting of fur or skins; as furry spoils.

Dryden.

Further

FUR'THER, adjective [Saxon further, comparative of forth, from the root of far, faran, to go, to advance.]

1. More or most distant; as the further end of the field.

2. Additional. We have a further reason for this opinion. We have nothing further to suggest. What further need have we of witnesses? Matthew 26.

Further

FUR'THER, adverb To a greater distance. He went further.

Further

FUR'THER, verb transitive [Saxon fyrthrian; German fÃƒ-¶rdern; Dutch vorderen; Swedish befordra; Danish befordrer.] To help forward; to promote; to advance onward; to forward; hence, to help or assist. This binds thee then to further my design.

Dryden.

Furtherance

FUR'THERANCE, noun A helping forward; promotion; advancement. I know that I shall abide and continue with you all, for your furtherance and joy of faith. Philippians 1.

Furthered

FUR'THERED, participle passive Promoted; advanced.

Furtherer

FUR'THERER, noun One who helps to advance; a promoter.

Furthermore

FUR'THERMORE, adverb Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.

Furthest

FUR'THEST, adjective Most distant either in time or place.

Furthest

FUR'THEST, adverb At the greatest distance.

Furtive

FUR'TIVE, adjective [Latin furtivus; French furtif; from fur, a thief, furor, to steal.] Stolen; obtained by theft.

Prior.

Furuncle

FU'RUNCLE, noun [Latin furunculus; French furoncle; Spanish hura; from Latin furia, furo.] A small tumor or boil, with inflammation and pain, arising under the skin in the adipose membrane.

Encyc.

Fury

FU'RY, noun [Latin furor, furia; French fureur, furie; Spanish furia; from Latin furo, to rage; Welsh fwyraw, to drive. Class Br.]

1. A violent rushing; impetuous motion; as the fury of the winds.

2. Rage; a storm of anger; madness; turbulence. I do oppose my patience to his fury.

Shak.

3. Enthusiasm; heat of the mind.

Dryden.

4. In mythology, a deity, a goddess of vengeance; hence, a stormy, turbulent, violent woman.

Addison.

Furylike

FU'RYLIKE, adjective Raging; furious; violent.

Thomson.

Furz

FURZ, noun [Saxon fyrs; probably Welsh ferz, thick.] Gorse; whin; a thorny plant of the genus Ulex.

Miller. Fam. of Plants.

Furzy

FURZ'Y, adjective Overgrown with furz; full of gorse.

Gay.

Fuscite

FUS'CITE, noun A mineral of a grayish or greenish black color, found in Norway.

Phillips.

Fuscous

FUS'COUS, adjective [Latin fuscus.] Brown; of a dark color.

Ray.

Fuse

FUSE, v. t. s as z. [Latin fundo, fusum, to pour out.] To melt; to liquefy by heat; to render fluid; to dissolve.

Chimistry.

Fuse

FUSE, verb intransitive To be melted; to be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat.

Fused

FU'SED, participle passive Melted; liquefied.

Fusee

FUSEE', n. s as z. [French fusÃƒ-©e, fuseau; Italian fuso; Spanish huso; Portugese fuso; from Latin fusus, a spindle, from fundo, fudi, fusum.] The cone or conical part of a watch or clock, round which is wound the chain or cord.

Encyc. Johnson.

Fusee

FUSEE', n. s as z. [French a squib.] A small neat musket or firelock. But we now use fusil.

2. Fusee or fuse of a bomb or granade, a small pipe filled with combustible matter by which fire is communicated to the powder in the bomb; but as the matter burns slowly, time is given before the charge takes fire, for the bomb to reach its destination.

3. The track of a buck.

Fusibility

FUSIBIL'ITY, noun [See Fusible.] The quality of being fusible, or of being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat.

Fusible

FU'SIBLE, a. s as z. [French from Latin fusus, from fundo.] That may be melted or liquefied. The earths are found to be fusible.

Fusiform

FU'SIFORM, adjective [Latin fusus, a spindle, and form.] Shaped like a spindle.

Pennant.

Fusil

FU'SIL, a. s as z. [French fusile; Latin fusilis, from fusus, fundo.]

1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat.

2. Running; flowing, as a liquid.

Milton. Philips.

Fusil

FU'SIL, n. s as z. [French from Latin fusus, fundo.]

1. A light musket or firelock.

2. A bearing in heraldry of a rhomboidal figure, named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.

Encyc.

Fusileer

FUSILEE'R, noun [from fusil.] Properly, a soldier armed with a fusil; but in modern times, a soldier armed like others of the infantry, and distinguished by wearing a cap like a grenadier, but somewhat shorter.

Fusion

FU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin fusio; French fusion; from Latin fundo, fusum.]

1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat, without the aid of a solvent; as the fusion of ice or of metals.

2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as metals in fusion.

Watery fusion, the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystalization.

Chimistry.

Fuss

FUSS, noun [allied perhaps to Greek, to blow or puff.] A tumult; a bustle; but the word is vulgar.

Fust

FUST, noun [French fÃƒ-»t; Italian fusta; Latin fustis, a staff.] The shaft of a column.

Fust

FUST, noun [French fÃƒ-»t.] A strong musty smell.

Fust

FUST, verb intransitive To become moldy; to smell ill.

Shak.

Fusted

FUST'ED, adjective Moldy; ill smelling.

Fusted

FUS'TED, noun [French; Spanish Portugese fustete.] The wood of the Rhus cotinus, which yields a fine orange color.

Ure.

Fustian

FUS'TIAN, noun [French futaine; Armoric fustenn; Spanish fustan, the name of a place.]

1. A kind of cotton stuff, or stuff of cotton and linen.

2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high sounding words are used, above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; a swelling style; bombast.

Fustian is thoughts and words ill sorted.

Dryden.

Fustian

FUS'TIAN, adjective Made of fustian.

2. In style, swelling above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; too pompous; ridiculously tumid; bombastic.

Dryden.

Fustianist

FUS'TIANIST, noun One who writes bombast.

Milton.

Fustic

FUS'TIC, noun [Spanish fuste, wood, timber; Latin fustis.] The wood of the Morus tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, imported and used in dyeing yellow.

Encyc.

Fustigation

FUSTIGA'TION, noun [Latin fustigatio, from fustigo, to beat with a cudgel, from fustis, a stick or club.] Among the ancient Romans, a punishment by beating with a stick or club, inflicted on freemen.

Encyc.

Fustiness

FUST'INESS, noun A fusty state or quality; an ill smell from moldiness, or moldiness itself.

Fusty

FUST'Y, adjective [See Fust.] Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank; rancid.

Shak.

Futile

FU'TILE, adjective [French; Latin futilis, from futio, to pour out; effutio, to prate or babble; Hebrew Chaldee to utter rashly or foolishly. Class Bd. No. 2. 6. 15.]

1. Talkative; loquacious; tatling. Obs.

Bacon.

2. Trifling; of no weight or importance; answering no valuable purpose; worthless.

3. Of no effect.

Futility

FUTIL'ITY, noun Talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity. [In this sense, not now used.]

L'Estrange.

2. Triflingness; unimportance; want of weight or effect; as, to expose the futility of arguments.

3. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; as the futility of measures or schemes.

Futilous

FU'TILOUS, adjective Worthless; trifling. [Not used.]

Howell.

Futtock

FUT'TOCK, noun [Qu. foot-hook. It is more probably corrupted from foot-lock.] In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, between the floor and the upper timbers, or the timbers raised over the keel which form the breadth of the ship.

Future

FU'TURE, adjective [Latin futurus; French futur.] That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present, indefinitely. The next moment is future to the present.

2. The future tense, in grammar, is the modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.

Future

FU'TURE, noun Time to come; a time subsequent to the present; as, the future shall be as the present; in future; for the future. In such phrases, time or season is implied.

Futurely

FU'TURELY, adverb In time to come. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Futurition

FUTURI'TION, noun The state of being to come or exist hereafter.

South. Stiles.

Futurity

FUTU'RITY, noun Future time; time to come.

2. Event to come. All futurities are naked before the all-seeing eye.

South.

3. The state of being yet to come, or to come hereafter.

Fuzz

FUZZ, verb intransitive To fly off in minute particles.

Fuzz

FUZZ, noun Fine, light particles; loose, volatile matter.

Fuzzball

FUZZ'BALL, noun A kind of fungus or mushroom, which when pressed bursts and scatters a fine dust.

2. A puff.

Fuzzle

FUZ'ZLE, verb transitive To intoxicate.

Burton.

Fy

FY, exclam. A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence or contempt.

Fy, my lord, fy! a soldier, and afraid?

Shak.

G

G

G, the seventh letter and the fifth articulation of the English Alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin and Greek, from the Assyrian languages; it being found in the Chaldee, Syriac, Hebrew, Samaritan, Phenician, Ethiopic and Arabic. In the latter language, it is called giim or jim; but in the others, gimel, gomal or gamal; that is, camel, from its shape, which resembles the neck of that animal, at least in the Chaldee and Hebrew. It is the third letter in the Chaldee, Syriac, Hebrew, Samaritan and Greek; the fifth in the Arabic, and the twentieth in the Ethiopic. The Greek gamma is the Chaldaic inverted. The early Latins used C for the Greek gamma, and hence C came to hold the third place in the order of the Alphabet; the place which gimel holds in the oriental languages. The two letters are primarily palatals, and so nearly allied in sound that they are easily convertible; and they have been reciprocally used the one for the other. But in the Assyrian languages; gimel had two sounds; one hard or close, as we pronounce the letter in gave, good; the other soft, or rather compound, as the English j or as ch in chase. In the Arbic, this letter has the sound of the English j or dzh, and this sound it has in many English words, as in genius, gem, ginger. It retains its hard sound in all cases, before a, o and u; but before e, i and y, its sound is hard or soft, as custom has dictated, and its different sounds are not reducible to rules. It is silent in some words before n, as in benign, condign, malign, campaign; but it resumes its sound in benignity and malignity. G is mute before n in gnash; it is silent also in many words when united with h, as in bright, might, night, nigh, high. The Saxon g has in many words been softened or liquefied into y or ow; as Saxon doeg, gear, day, year; Saxon bugan, to bow.

The Celtic nations had a peculiar manner of beginning the sound of u or w with the articulation g, or rather prefixing this articulation to that vowel. Thus guard for ward, gwain for wain, guerre for war, gwell for well. Whether this g has been added by the Celtic races, or whether the Teutonic nations have lost it, is a question I have not examined with particular attention.

As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and with a dash over it G, 40,000. As an abbreviation, it stands for Gaius, Gellius, &c. In music, it is the mark of the treble cliff, and from its being placed at the head or marking the first sound in Guido's scale, the whole scale took the name, Gammut, from the Greek name of the letter.

Ga

GA, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and other Teutonic languages. It sometimes has the force of the Latin cum or con, as in gawithan, to conjoin. But in most words it appears to have no use, and in modern English it is entirely lost. Y-cleped, in which ge is changed into y, is the last word in which the English retained this prefix.

Gab

GAB, noun [Scot. gab, Danish gab, the mouth, and a gap or gaping; Swedish gap; Russian guba, a lip, a bay or gulf, the mouth of a river; Irish cab, the mouth; connected probably with gabble, giberish, Saxon gabban, to mock, perhaps to make mouths. See Gabble and Gape.]

The mouth; as in the phrase, the gift of the gab, that is, loquaciousness. But the word is so vulgar as rarely to be used.

Gabardine

GAB'ARDINE, n, [Spanish gabardina; gaban, a great coat with a hood and close sleeves; gabacha, a loose garment; Portugese gabam, a frock; Italian gavardina; French gaban.]

A coarse frock or loose upper garment; a mean dress.

Shak.

Gabble

GAB'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch gabberen, to prate; Saxon gabban, to jeer or deride; French gaber, id.; to gibe; Swedish gabberi, derision; Italian gabbare, to deceive; gabbo, a jeering. These may all be from one root. See Class Gb. No. 7.]

1. To prate; to talk fast, or to talk without meaning.

Such a rout, and such a rabble, Run to hear Jack Pudding gabble.

Swift.

2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as gabbling fowls.

Dryden.

Gabble

GAB'BLE, noun Loud or rapid talk without meaning.

Milton.

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls.

Shak.

Gabbler

GAB'BLER, noun A prater; a noisy talker; one that utters inarticulate sounds.

Gabbling

GAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Prating; chattering; uttering unmeaning or inarticulate sounds.

Gabbro

GAB'BRO, noun In mineralogy, the name given by the Italians to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. It is the euphotide of the French, and the verde di Corsica duro of artists.

Cleaveland.

Gabel

GA'BEL, noun [French gabelle; Italian gabella; Spanish gabela; Saxon gafel or gafol.]

A tax, impost or duty; usually an excise.

Gabeler

GA'BELER, noun A collector of the gabel or of taxes.

Wright.

Gabion

GA'BION, noun [French id.; Italian gabbione, a large cage; gabbia, a cage; Spanish gavion, gabion, a basket. In Irish gabham signifies to take or hold; Welsh gavaelu, id.]

In fortification, a large basket of wickerwork, of a cylindrical form; filled with earth, and serving to shelter men from an enemy's fire.

Encyc.

Gable

GA'BLE, noun [Welsh gavael, a hold or grasp, the gable of a house; gavaelu, to grasp, hold, arrest, Irish gabham. Qu. German gabel, Irish gabhlan, a fork.]

The triangular end of a house or other building, from the cornice or eaves to the top. In America, it is usually called the gable-end.

Gabrielites

GA'BRIELITES, noun In ecclesiastical history, a sect of anabaptists in Pomerania, so called from one Gabriel Scherling.

Gabronite

GA'BRONITE, noun A mineral, supposed to be a variety of fettstein. It occurs in masses, whose structure is more or less foliated, or sometimes compact. Its colors are gray, bluish or greenish gray, and sometimes red.

Cleaveland.

Gad

GAD, noun [Saxon gad, a goad and a wedge; Irish gadh, a dart.]

1. A wedge or ingot of steel.

Moxon.

2. A style or graver.

Shak.

3. A punch of iron with a wooden handle, used by miners.

Encyc.

Gad

GAD, verb intransitive [Irish gad, a stealing, properly a roving, as rob is connected with rove; gadaim, to steal. It coincides with the Russian chod, a going or passing; choju, to go, to pass, to march. See Class Gd. No. 17. Ethiopic and No. 38.]

1. To walk about; to rove or ramble idly or without any fixed purpose.

Give the water no passage, neither a wicked woman liberty to gad abroad.

Ecclus.

2. To ramble in growth; as the gadding vine.

Milton.

Gadder

GAD'DER, noun A rambler; one that roves about idly.

Gadding

GAD'DING, participle of the present tense Rambling; roving; walking about.

Gadfly

GAD'FLY, noun [Saxon gad, a goad, and fly.] An insect of the genus Oestrus, which stings cattle, and deposits its eggs in their skin; called also the breeze.

Gadolinite

GADO'LINITE, noun A mineral, so called from Professor Gadolin, usually in amorphous masses of a blackish color, and having the appearance of vitreous lava. It contains a new earth called yttria.

Dict. of Nat. Hist.

Gadwall

GAD'WALL, noun A fowl of the genus Anas, inhabiting the north of Europe.

Pennant.

Gaelic

GA'ELIC, or GA'LIC, adjective [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] An epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes of Celtic origin inhabiting the highlands of Scotland; as the Gaelic language.

Gaelic

GA'ELIC, noun The language of the highlanders of Scotland.

Gaff

GAFF, noun [Irish gaf, a hook; Spanish and Portugese gafa; Shemitic, to bend.]

1. A harpoon.

2. A sort of boom or pole, used in small ships, to extend the upper edge of the mizen, and of those sails whose foremost edge is joined to the mast by hoops or lacings, and which are extended by a boom below, as the main-sail of a sloop. [Qu. Saxon geafle, a pole.]

Mar. Dict.

Gaffer

GAF'FER, noun [Qu. Chal. and Hebrew gebar, a man, vir; or Saxon gefere, a companion, a peer; or Swedish gubbe, an old man.]

A word of respect, which seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt. [Little used.]

Gay.

Gaffle

GAF'FLE, noun [Saxon geaflas, chops, spurs on cocks.]

1. An artificial spur put on cocks when they are set to fight.

2. A steel lever to bend cross-bows.

Ainsworth.

Gag

GAG, verb transitive [Welsh cegiaw, to choke, to strangle, from cÃƒ-¨g, a choking. CÃƒ-ªg signifies the mouth, an opening.]

1. To stop the mouth by thrusting something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking.

Johnson.

2. To keck; to heave with nausea. [In Welsh, gag is an opening or cleft; gagenu, to open, chap or gape.]

Gag

GAG, noun Something thrust into the mouth and throat to hinder speaking.

Gage

GAGE, noun [French gage, a pledge, whence gager, to pledge; engager, to engage; German wagen, to wage, to hazard or risk; wage, a balance; Dutch waagen, to venture, Swedish vÃƒ-¥ga, to wage. It seems to be allied to wag, weigh. The primary sense is to throw, to lay, or deposit. If the elements are Bg, Wg, the original French orthography was guage.]

1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act to be done by the person depositing the thing, and which is to be forfeited by non-performance. It is used of a movable thing; not of land or other immovable.

There I throw my gage.

Shak.

2. A challenge to combat; that is, a glove, a cap, a gauntlet, or the like, cast on the ground by the challenger, and taken up by the accepter of the challenge.

Encyc.

3. A measure, or rule of measuring; a standard. [See Gauge.]

Young.

4. The number of feet which a ship sinks in the water.

5. Among letter-founders, a piece of hard wood variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions, slopes, &c. of the various sorts of letters.

Encyc.

6. An instrument in joinery made to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board.

Encyc.

A sliding-gage, a tool used by mathematical instrument makers for measuring and setting off distances.

Encyc.

Sea-gage, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea.

Encyc.

Tide-gage, an instrument for determining the highth of the tides.

Encyc.

Wind-gage, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface.

Encyc.

Weather-gage, the windward side of a ship.

Gage

GAGE, verb transitive To pledge; to pawn; to give or deposit as a pledge or security for some other act; to wage or wager. Obs.

Shak.

2. To bind by pledge, caution or security; to engage.

Shak.

3. To measure; to take or ascertain the contents of a vessel, cask or ship; written also gauge.

Gaged

GA'GED, participle passive Pledged; measured.

Gager

GA'GER, noun One who gages or measures the contents.

Gagger

GAG'GER, noun One that gags.

Gaggle

GAG'GLE, verb intransitive [Dutch gaggelen; German gackern; coinciding with cackle.] To make a noise like a goose.

Bacon.

Gaggling

GAG'GLING, noun The noise of geese.

Gaging

GA'GING, participle of the present tense Pledging; measuring the contents.

Gahnite

G`AHNITE, noun [from Gahn, the discoverer.] A mineral, called also automalite and octahedral corundum. It is always crystalized in regular octahedrons, or in tetrahedrons with truncated angles.

Cleaveland. Ure.

Gaily

GA'ILY, adverb [from gay, and better written gayly.]

1. Splendidly; with finery or showiness.

2. Joyfully; merrily.

Gain

GAIN, verb transitive [French gagner; Armoric gounit; Swedish gagna; Saxon gynan; Spanish ganar; Portugese ganhar; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac, Arabic to gain, to possess. Class Gn. No. 49. 50. 51. The radical sense is to take, or rather to extend to, to reach.]

1. To obtain by industry or the employment of capital; to get as profit or advantage; to acquire. Any industrious person may gain a good living in America; but it is less difficult to gain property, than it is to use it with prudence. Money at interest may gain five, six, or seven per cent.

What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Matthew 16.

2. To win; to obtain by superiority or success; as, to gain a battle or a victory; to gain a prize; to gain a cause in law.

3. To obtain; to acquire; to procure; to receive; as, to gain favor; to gain reputation.

For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.

Pope.

4. To obtain an increase of any thing; as, to gain time.

5. To obtain or receive any thing, good or bad; as, to gain harm and loss. Acts 27.

6. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.

To gratify the queen, and gain the court.

Dryden.

If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matthew 18.

7. To obtain as a suitor.

Milton.

8. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.

To gain into, to draw or persuade to join in.

He gained Lepidus into his measures.

Middleton.

To gain over, to draw to another party or interest; to win over.

To gain ground, to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent; to increase.

Gain

GAIN, verb intransitive To have advantage or profit; to grow rich; to advance in interest or happiness.

Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezekiel 22.

2. To encroach; to advance on; to come forward by degrees; with on; as, the ocean or river gains on the land.

3. To advance nearer; to gain ground on; with on; as, a fleet horse gains on his competitor.

4. To get ground; to prevail against or have the advantage.

The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.

Addison.

5. To obtain influence with.

My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.

Swift.

To gain the wind, in sea language, is to arrive on the windward side of another ship.

Gain

GAIN, noun [French gain.] Profit; interest; something obtained as an advantage.

But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Philippians 3.

2. Unlawful advantage. 2 Corinthians 12.

3. Overplus in computation; any thing opposed to loss.

Gain

GAIN, noun [Welsh gÃƒ- n, a mortise; ganu, to contain.]

In architecture, a beveling shoulder; a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving a timber.

Encyc.

Gain

GAIN, adjective Handy; dextrous. Obs.

Gainable

GA'INABLE, adjective That may be obtained or reached.

Sherwood.

Gainage

GA'INAGE, noun In old laws, the same as wainage, that is, guainage; the horses, oxen and furniture of the wain, or the instruments for carrying on tillage, which, when a villain was amerced, were left free, that cultivation might not be interrupted. The word signifies also the land itself, or the profit made by cultivation.

Encyc.

Gained

GA'INED, participle passive Obtained as profit or advantage; won; drawn over to a party; reached.

Gainer

GA'INER, noun One that gains or obtains profit, interest or advantage.

Gainful

GA'INFUL, adjective Producing profit or advantage; profitable; advantageous; advancing interest or happiness.

2. Lucrative; productive of money; adding to the wealth or estate.

Gainfully

GA'INFULLY, adverb With increase of wealth; profitably; advantageously.

Gainfulness

GA'INFULNESS, noun Profit; advantage.

Gaingiving

GA'INGIVING, noun [from the root of again, against, and give. See Gainsay.]

A misgiving; a giving against or away. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gainless

GA'INLESS, adjective Not producing gain; unprofitable; not bringing advantage.

Hammond.

Gainlessness

GA'INLESSNESS, noun Unprofitableness; want of advantage.

Decay of Piety.

Gainly

GA'INLY, adverb Handily; readily; dextrously. Obs.

Gainsay

GAINSA'Y, verb transitive [Saxon gean, or ongean, and say; against; Swedish igen; Danish gien, igien. See Again, Against.]

To contradict; to oppose in words; to deny or declare not to be true what another says; to controvert; to dispute; applied to persons, or to propositions, declarations or facts.

I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke 21.

Gainsayer

GAINSA'YER, noun One who contradicts or denies what is alledged; an opposer. Titus ~~.

Gainsaying

GAINSA'YING, participle of the present tense Contradicting; denying; opposing.

Gainst

'GAINST. [See Against.]

Gainstand

GA'INSTAND, verb transitive [Saxon gean, against, and stand.] To withstand; to oppose; to resist. Obs.

Sidney.

Gainstrive

GA'INSTRIVE, verb intransitive [Saxon gean and strive.] To make resistance. Obs.

Spenser.

Gainstrive

GA'INSTRIVE, verb transitive To withstand. Obs.

Gairish

GA'IRISH, adjective [Qu. from the root of gear, Saxon gearwian, to prepare or dress; or Scot. gair, a stripe, whence gaired, gairie, striped, streaked. In Greek is proud, boasting.]

1. Gaudy; showy; fine; affectedly fine; tawdry.

Monstrous hats and gairish colors.

Ascham.

2. Extravagantly gay; flighty.

Fame and glory transport a man out of himself; it makes the mind loose and gairish.

South.

Gairishness

GA'IRISHNESS, noun Gaudiness; finery; affected or ostentatious show.

2. Flighty or extravagant joy, or ostentation.

Taylor.

Gait

GAIT, noun [This word is probably connected with go or gad.]

1. A going; a walk; a march; away.

Shak. Spenser.

2. Manner of walking or stepping. Every man has his peculiar gait.

Gaiter

GA'ITER, noun A covering of cloth for the leg.

Gala

GA'LA, noun [Spanish gala, a court dress; Italian gala, finery; French gala, show, pomp.]

A gala day is a day of pomp, show or festivity, when persons appear in their best apparel.

Galactite

GALAC'TITE, noun [Greek, milk.] A fossil substance resembling the morochthus or French chalk in many respects, but different in color. Immersed or triturated in water, it gives it the color of milk.

Encyc. Morin. Lunier.

Galage

GALA'GE, noun [Spanish galocha. See Galoche.] A wooden shoe. Obs.

Spenser.

Galanga

GALAN'GA, noun A plant, a species of the Maranta or Indian Arrow-Root, so called because the root is used to extract the virus communicated by poisoned arrows. This plant has thick, knotty, creeping roots, crowned with long, broad, arundinaceous leaves, with stalks half a yard high, terminated by bunches of monopetalous, ringent flowers.

Encyc.

Galangal

GALAN'GAL, noun Zedoary, a species of Kaempferia. It has tuberous, thick, oblong, fleshy roots, crowned with oval close-sitting leaves, by pairs, without footstalks.

Encyc.

Galatians

GALA'TIANS, noun Inhabitants of Galatia, in the Lesser Asia, said to be descendants of the Gauls. [See Paul's epistle to them.]

Galaxy

GAL'AXY, noun [Greek, from, milk; Irish geal, white; Welsh gÃƒ-¢l, clear, fair, whence galaeth, the milky way; Greek, fair.]

1. The milky way; that long, white, luminous track which seems to encompass the heavens like a girdle. This luminous appearance is found by the telescope to be occasioned by a multitude of stars, so small as not to be distinguished by the naked eye.

Encyc.

2. An assemblage of splendid persons or things.

Bp. Hall.

Galban

GAL'BAN, or GAL'BANUM, noun [Hebrew, and in Chaldee and Syriac varied in orthography, from to milk.]

The concrete gummy resinous juice of an umbelliferous plant, called Ferula Africana, &c., and by Linne, Bubon galbanum, which grows in Syria, the East Indies and Ethiopia. This gum comes in pale-colored, semitransparent, soft, tenacious masses, of different shades, from white to brown. It is rather resinous than gummy, and has a strong unpleasant smell, with a bitterish warm taste. It is unctuous to the touch, and softens between the fingers. When distilled with water or spirit, it yields as essential oil, and by distillation in a retort without mixture, it yields an empyreumatic oil of a fine blue color, but this is changed in the air to a purple.

Parr.

Gale

GALE, noun [In Danish gal is furious, and kuler is to blow strong, kuling, a gentle gale, from the root of coal and cold. In Irish gal is a puff, a blast, and steam. The sense is obvious.]

A current of air; a strong wind. The sense of this word is very indefinite. The poets use it in the sense of a moderate breeze or current of air, as a gentle gale. A stronger wind is called a fresh gale.

In the language of seamen, the word gale, unaccompanied by an epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a storm or tempest. They say, the ship carried away her top-mast in a gale, or gale of wind; the ship rode out the gale. But the word is often qualified, as a hard or strong gale, a violent gale. A current of wind somewhat less violent is denominated a stiff gale. A less vehement wind is called a fresh gale, which is a wind not too strong for a ship to carry single reefed top-sails, when close hauled. When the wind is not so violent but that a ship will carry her top-sails a-trip or full spread, it is called a loom-gale.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Gale

GALE, verb intransitive In seamen's language, to sail, or sail fast.

Galea

GA'LEA, noun [Latin galea, a helmet.] A genus of sea hedge-hogs.

Galeas

GAL'EAS, noun A Venetian ship, large, but low built, and moved both by oars and sails.

Galeated

GA'LEATED, adjective [Latin galeatus, from galea, a helmet.]

1. Covered as with a helmet.

Woodward.

2. In botany, having a flower like a helmet, as the monk's-hood.

Galeeto

GALEE'TO, noun A fish of the genus Blennius, of a greenish color, sometimes variegated with blue transverse lines, and like the eel, living many hours after being taken from the water.

Galena

GALE'NA, noun [Greek, tranquillity, so named from its supposed effects in mitigating the violence of disease.] Originally, the name of the theriaca.

Parr.

2. Sulphuret of lead; its common color is that shining bluish gray, usually called lead gray; sometimes it is nearly steel gray. Its streak has a metallic luster, but its fine powder is nearly black. Its structure is commonly foliated, sometimes granular or compact, and sometimes striated or fibrous. It occurs in regular crystals, or more frequently massive.

Cleaveland.

Galenic

GALEN'IC, or GALEN'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to or containing galena.

Encyc.

2. [from Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or his principles and method of treating diseases. The galenic remedies consist of preparations of herbs and roots, by infusion, decoction, &c. The chimical remedies consist of preparations by means of calcination, digestion, fermentation, &c.

Galenism

GA'LENISM, noun The doctrines of Galen.

Galenist

GA'LENIST, noun A follower of Galen in the preparation of medicine and modes of treating diseases; opposed to the chimists.

Galerite

GA'LERITE, noun [Latin galerus, a hat or cap.] A genus of fossil shells.

Galilean

GALILE'AN, noun A native or inhabitant of Galilee, in Judea. Also, one of a sect among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans.

Galimatia

GALIMA'TIA, noun [French galimatias.] Nonsense.

Addison.

Galiot

GAL'IOT, noun [French galiote; Spanish galeota; Italian galeotta; Latin galea.]

1. A small galley, or sort of brigantine, built for chase. It is moved both by sails and oars, having one mast and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.

Dict.

2. Galiot or galliott, a Dutch vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizen-mast, and a large gaff main-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Galipot

GAL'IPOT, noun [Spanish] A white resin or resinous juice which flows by incision from the pine tree, especially the maritime pine.

Spanish Dict. Fourcroy. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Galipot encrusts the wounds of fir trees during winter. It consists of resin and oil.

Coxe.

Gall

GALL, noun [Saxon gealla; German galle; Dutch gal; Danish galde; Swedish galle; Greek; probably from its color, Saxon gealew, yellow. See Yellow and Gold.]

1. In the animal economy, the bile, a bitter, yellowish green fluid, secreted in the glandular substance of the liver. It is glutinous or imperfectly fluid, like oil.

Encyc. Nicholson.

2. Any thing extremely bitter.

Dryden.

3. Rancor; malignity.

Spenser.

4. Anger; bitterness of mind.

Prior.

Gallbladder

GALLBLADDER, noun A small membranous sack, shaped like a pear, which receives the bile from the liver by the cystic duct.

Gallsickness

GALLSICKNESS, noun A remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands.

Parr.

Gallstone

GALLSTONE, noun A concretion formed in the gallbladder.

Gall

GALL, noun [Latin galla; Saxon gealla; Spanish agalla; Italian galla.]

A hard round excrescence on the oak tree in certain warm climates, said to be the nest of an insect called cynips. It is formed from the tear issuing from a puncture made by the insect, and gradually increased by accessions of fresh matter, till it forms a covering to the eggs and succeeding insects. Galls are used in making ink; the best are from Aleppo.

Parr.

Gall

GALL, verb transitive [French galer, to scratch or rub; gale, scab.]

1. To fret and wear away by friction; to excoriate; to hurt or break the skin by rubbing; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse, or a collar his breast.

Tyrant, I well deserve thy galling chain.

Pope.

2. To impair; to wear away; as, a stream galls the ground.

Ray.

3. To tease; to fret; to vex; to chagrin; as, to be galled by sarcasm.

4. To wound; to break the surface of any thing by rubbing; as, to gall a mast or a cable.

5. To injure; to harass; to annoy. The troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.

In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our long bows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.

Addison.

Gall

GALL, verb intransitive To fret; to be teased.

Shak.

Gall

GALL, noun A wound in the skin by rubbing.

Gallant

GAL'LANT, adjective [French galant; Spanish galante; Italian id. This word is from the root of the Welsh gallu, to be able, to have power; could; Latin gallus, a cock. See Could, Call, and Gala. The primary sense is to stretch, strain or reach forward.]

1. Gay; well dressed; showy; splendid; magnificent.

Neither shall gallant ships pass thereby. Isaiah 33.

The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.

Waller.

[This sense is obsolete.]

2. Brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

3. Fine; noble.

Shak.

4. Courtly; civil; polite and attentive to ladies; courteous.

Clarendon.

Gallant

GALLANT', noun A gay, sprightly man; a courtly or fashionable man.

Shak.

2. A man who is polite and attentive to ladies; one who attends upon ladies at parties, or to places of amusement.

3. A wooer; a lover; a suitor.

4. In an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd purposes.

Gallant

GALLANT', verb transitive To attend or wait on, as a lady.

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan.

Connoisseur.

Gallantly

GAL'LANTLY, adverb Gaily; splendidly.

2. Bravely; nobly; heroically; generously; as, to fight gallantly; to defend a place gallantly.

Gallantness

GAL'LANTNESS, noun Elegance or completeness of an acquired qualification.

Howell.

Gallantry

GAL'LANTRY, noun [Spanish galanteria; French galanterie.]

1. Splendor of appearance; show; magnificence; ostentatious finery. [Obsolete or obsolescent.]

Waller.

2. Bravery; courageousness; heroism; intrepidity. The troops entered the fort with great gallantry.

3. Nobleness; generosity.

Glanville.

4. Civility or polite attentions to ladies.

5. Vicious love or pretensions to love; civilities paid to females for the purpose of winning favors; hence, lewdness; debauchery.

Gallate

GAL'LATE, noun [from gall.] A neutral salt formed by the gallic acid combined with a base.

Lavoisier.

Galleass

GAL'LEASS, [See Galeas.]

Galled

GALL'ED, participle passive [See Gall, the verb.] Having the skin or surface worn or torn by wearing or rubbing; fretted; teased; injured; vexed.

Galleon

GAL'LEON, [Spanish galeon; Portugese galeam; Italian galeone. See Galley.]

A large ship formerly used by the Spaniards, in their commerce with South America, usually furnished with four decks.

Mar. Dict.

Gallery

GAL'LERY, noun [French galerie; Spanish Portugese galeria; Italian galleria; Danish gallerie; German id.; Dutch galdery; Swedish galler-verck, and gall-rad. Lunier supposes this word to be from the root of German wallen, to walk.]

1. In architecture, a covered part of a building, commonly in the wings, used as an ambulatory or place for walking.

Encyc.

2. An ornamental walk or apartment in gardens, formed by trees.

Encyc.

3. In churches, a floor elevated on columns and furnished with pews or seats; usually ranged on three sides of the edifice. A similar structure in a play-house.

4. In fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, made of beams covered with planks and loaded with earth.

Encyc.

5. In a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the mine carried under ground to a work designed to be blown up.

Encyc.

6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship of war or of a large merchantman. That part at the stern, is called the stern-gallery; that at the quarters, the quarter-gallery.

Galletyle

GAL'LETYLE, noun Gallipot.

Bacon.

Galley

GAL'LEY, noun plu. galleys. [Spanish galera; Italian galera or galea; French galÃƒ-¨re; Portugese galÃƒ-©; Latin galea. The Latin word signifies a helmet, the top of a mast, and a galley; and the name of this vessel seems to have been derived from the head-piece, or kind of basket-work, at mast-head.]

1. A low flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and oars; used in the Mediterranean. The largest sort of galleys, employed by the Venetians, are 162 feet in length, or 133 feet keel. They have three masts and thirty two banks of oars; each bank containing two oars, and each oar managed by six or seven slaves. In the fore-part they carry three small batteries of cannon.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

2. A place of toil and misery.

South.

3. An open boat used on the Thames by custom-house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure.

Mar. Dict.

4. The cook room or kitchen of a ship of war; answering to the caboose of a merchantman.

Mar. Dict.

5. An oblong reverberatory furnace, with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through lateral openings.

Nicholson.

Galleyfoist

GAL'LEYFOIST, noun A barge of state.

Hakewell.

Galley-Slave

GAL'LEY-SLAVE, noun A person condemned for a crime to work at the oar on board of a galley.

Gallfly

GALL'FLY, noun The insect that punctures plants and occasions galls; the cynips.

Encyc.

Galliard

GAL'LIARD, adjective [French gaillard, from gai, gay.] Gay; brisk; active. Obs.

Chaucer.

Galliard

GAL'LIARD, noun A brisk, gay man; also, a lively dance. Obs.

Bacon.

Galliardise

GAL'LIARDISE, noun Merriment; excessive gayety. Obs.

Brown.

Galliardness

GAL'LIARDNESS, noun Gayety. Obs.

Gayton.

Gallic

GAL'LIC, adjective [from Gallia, Gaul, now France.] Pertaining to Gaul or France.

Gallic

GAL'LIC, adjective [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples; derived from galls; as the gallic acid.

Gallican

GAL'LICAN, adjective [Latin Gallicus, from Gallia, Gaul.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; as the Gallican church or clergy.

Gallicism

GAL'LICISM, noun [French gallicisme, from Gallia, Gaul.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French nation; an idiomatic manner of using words in the French language.

Galligaskins

GALLIGAS'KINS, noun [Qu. Caligoe Vasconum, Gascon-hose.] Large open hose; used only in ludicrous language.

Philips.

Gallimaufry

GAL'LIMAUFRY, noun [French galimafrÃƒ-©e.] A hash; a medley; a hodge-podge. [Little used.]

Spenser.

2. Any inconsistent or ridiculous medley.

Dryden.

3. A woman. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Gallinaceous

GALLINA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin gallinaceus, from gallina, a hen, gallus, a cock, whose name is from crowing, Welsh galw, to call.]

1. Designating that order of fowls called gallinoe, including the domestic fowls or those of the pheasant kind.

Gallinaceus Lapis, a glossy substance produced by volcanic fires; the lapis obsidianus of the ancients. A kind of it brought from Peru is of a beautiful black, or crow-color, like the gallinaÃƒ-§o.

Encyc.

Galling

GALL'ING, participle of the present tense [See Gall, the verb.]

1. Fretting the skin; excoriating.

2. adjective Adapted to fret or chagrin; vexing.

Gallinule

GAL'LINULE, noun [Latin gallinula, dim. of gallina, a hen.]

A tribe of fowls of the grallic order, included under the genus Fulica, with the coot.

Galliot

GALLIOT, or GALLEOT, [See Galiot.]

Gallipot

GAL'LIPOT, noun [Dutch gleye, potter's clay, and pot.]

A small pot or vessel painted and glazed, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines.

Gallitzinite

GALLIT'ZINITE, noun Rutile, an ore of titanium.

Ure.

Gallivat

GAL'LIVAT, noun A small vessel used on the Malabar coast.

Todd.

Gallless

GALL'LESS, adjective [from gall.] Free from gall or bitterness.

Gallon

GAL'LON, noun [Spanish galon; Law Latin galona. In French, galon is a grocer's box. See Gill.]

A measure of capacity for dry or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing four quarts. But the gallon is not in all cases of uniform contents or dimensions. The gallon of wine contains 231 cubic inches, or eight pounds avordupois of pure water. The gallon of beer and ale contains 281 cubic inches, or ten pounds three ounces and a quarter avordupois of water; and the gallon of corn, meal, &c., 272 1/4 cubic inches, or nine pounds thirteen ounces of pure water.

Encyc.

Galloon

GALLOON', noun [French galon; Spanish galon; Italian gallone; Portugese galam.]

A kind of close lace made of gold or silver, or of silk only.

Tatler.

Gallop

GAL'LOP, verb intransitive [French galoper; Spanish galopear; Portugese id.; Italian galoppare; Armoric galoupat or galompat; German galoppiren. If this word is from the elements Gl, I know not the origin or meaning of the last constituent part of the word. I suppose it to be formed with prefix ga on leap, German laufen, Dutch loopen, geloopen. See Leap.]

1. To move or run with leaps, as a horse to run or move with speed.

But gallop lively down the western hill.

Donne.

2. To ride with a galloping pace. We galloped towards the enemy.

3. To move very fast; to run over.

Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it.

Locke.

Gallop

GAL'LOP, noun The movement or pace of a quadruped, particularly of a horse, by springs, reaches or leaps. The animal lifts his fore feet nearly at the same time, and as these descend and are just ready to touch the ground, the hind feet are lifted at once. The gallop is the swiftest pace of a horse, but it is also a moderate pace, at the pleasure of a rider.

Galloper

GAL'LOPER, noun A horse that gallops; also, a man that gallops or makes haste.

2. In artillery, a carriage which bears a gun of a pound and a half ball. It has shafts so as to be drawn without a limbon, and it may serve for light three and six pounders.

Gallopin

GAL'LOPIN, noun [French] A servant for the kitchen. Obs.

Gallow

GAL'LOW, verb transitive [Saxon agoelwan.] To fright or terrify. Obs.

Shak.

Galloway

GAL'LOWAY, noun A horse or species of horses of a small size, bred in Galloway in Scotland.

Hawkesworth.

Gallowglass

GAL'LOWGLASS, noun An ancient Irish foot soldier.

Spenser.

Gallows

GAL'LOWS, noun singular. [Saxon galg, gealga; Gothic galga; German galgen; Dutch galg; Swedish galge; Danish id. Gallows is in the singular number and should be preceded by a, a gallows. The plural is gallowses.]

1. An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are executed by hanging. It consists of two posts and a cross beam on the top, to which the criminal is suspended by a rope fastened round his neck.

2. A wretch that deserves the gallows. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gallowsfree

GAL'LOWSFREE, adjective Free from danger of the gallows.

Dryden.

Gallowtree

GAL'LOWTREE, noun The tree of execution.

Spenser.

Gally

GALL'Y, adjective Like gall; bitter as gall.

Cranmer.

Gally

GAL'LY, noun [Portugese galÃƒ-©, a galley, and a printer's frame; French galÃƒ-©e.]

A printer's frame or oblong square board with a ledge on three sides, into which types are emptied from the composing stick. It has a groove to admit a false bottom, called a gally-slice.

Encyc.

Gally-Worm

GAL'LY-WORM, noun An insect of the centiped kind, of several species.

Galo&Ctilde;He

GALO'&ctilde;HE, noun [French from Spanish galocha, a clog or wooden shoe.]

A patten, clog or wooden shoe, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe to keep the foot dry. It is written also galoshe.

Galsome

GALSOME, a. gaul'som. [from gall.] Angry; malignant. Obs.

Morton.

Galvanic

GALVAN'IC, adjective Pertaining to galvanism; containing or exhibiting it.

Galvanism

GAL'VANISM, noun [from Galvani of Bologna, the discoverer.]

Electrical phenomena in which the electricity is developed without the aid of friction, and in which a chimical action takes place between certain bodies.

Edin. Encyc.

Galvanism is heat, light, electricity and magnetism, united in combination or in simultaneous action; sometimes one and sometimes another of them predominating, and thus producing more or less all the effects of each: usual means of excitement, contact of dissimilar bodies, especially of metals and fluids.

Hare. Silliman.

Galvanist

GAL'VANIST, noun One who believes in galvanism; one versed in galvanism.

Galvanize

GAL'VANIZE, verb transitive To affect with galvanism.

Galvanologist

GALVANOL'OGIST, noun One who describes the phenomena of galvanism.

Galvanology

GALVANOL'OGY, noun [galvanism, and Greek, discourse.]

A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.

Galvanometer

GALVANOM'ETER, noun [galvanism, and Greek, measure.]

An instrument or apparatus for measuring minute quantities of electricity, or the operations of galvanism.

Ure.

Gamashes

GAMASH'ES, noun Short spatterdashes worn by plowmen.

Shelton.

Gambadoes

GAMBA'DOES, noun spatterdashes. [It, gamba, the leg.]

Gambet

GAM'BET, noun A bird of the size of the greenshank, found in the Arctic sea, and in Scandinavia and Iceland.

Pennant.

Gamble

GAM'BLE, verb intransitive [from game.] To play or game for money or other stake.

Gamble

GAM'BLE, verb transitive To gamble away, is to squander by gaming.

Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates.

Ames.

Gambler

GAM'BLER, noun One who games or plays for money or other stake. Gamblers often or usually become cheats and knaves.

Gambling

GAM'BLING, participle of the present tense Gaming for money.

Gamboge

GAMBO'GE, noun A concrete vegetable juice or gum-resin. It is brought in orbicular masses or cylindrical rolls, from Cambaja, Cambodja, or Cambogia, in the E. Indies, whence its name. It is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beautiful reddish yellow. It is used chiefly as a pigment. Taken internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic and emetic.

Nicholson.

Gambol

GAM'BOL, verb intransitive [French gambiller, to wag the leg or kick, from Italian gamba, the leg, French jambe, Spanish gamba.]

1. To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to leap; to play in frolick, like boys and lambs.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To leap; to start.

Shak.

Gambol

GAM'BOL, noun A skipping or leaping about in frolick; a skip; a hop; a leap; a sportive prank.

Dryden.

Gamboling

GAM'BOLING, participle of the present tense Leaping; frisking; playing pranks.

Gambrel

GAM'BREL, noun [from Italian gamba, the leg.] The hind leg of a horse. Hence, in America, a crooked stick used by butchers. A hipped roof is called a gambrel-roof.

Gambrel

GAM'BREL, verb transitive To tie by the leg.

Beaum.

Game

GAME, noun [Icelandic gaman; Saxon gamen, a jest, sport; gamian, to jest, to sport; Italian giambare, to jest or jeer; Welsh camp, a feat, a game; campiaw, to contend in games. The latter seems to unite game with camp, which in Saxon and other northern dialects signifies a combat.]

1. Sport of any kind.

Shak.

2. Jest; opposed to earnest; as, betwixt earnest and game. [Not used.]

Spenser.

3. An exercise or play for amusement or winning a stake; as a game of cricket; a game of chess; a game of whist. Some games depend on skill; others on hazard.

4. A single match at play.

Addison.

5. Advantage in play; as, to play the game into another's hand.

6. Scheme pursued; measures planned.

This seems to be the present game of that crown.

Temple.

7. Field sports; the chase, falconry, &c.

Shak. Waller.

8. Animals pursued or taken in the chase, or in the sports of the field; animals appropriated in England to legal sportsmen; as deer, hares, &c.

9. In antiquity, games were public diversions or contests exhibited as spectacles for the gratification of the people. These games consisted of running, leaping, wrestling, riding, &c. Such were the Olympic games, the Pythian, the Isthmian, the Nemean, &c. among the Greeks; and among the Romans, the Apollinarian, the Circensian, the Capitoline, &c.

Encyc.

10. Mockery; sport; derision; as, to make game of a person.

Game

GAME, verb intransitive [Saxon gamian.] To play at any sport or diversion.

2. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest.

3. To practice gaming.

Gamecock

GA'MECOCK, noun A cock bred or used to fight; a cock kept for barbarous sport.

Locke.

Game-Egg

GA'ME-EGG, noun An egg from which a fighting cock is bred.

Garth.

Gamekeeper

GA'MEKEEPER, noun One who has the care of game; one who is authorized to preserve beasts of the chase, or animals kept for sport.

Blackstone.

Gamesome

GA'MESOME, adjective Gay; sportive; playful; frolicksome.

This gamesome humor of children.

Locke.

Gamesomeness

GA'MESOMENESS, noun Sportiveness; merriment.

Gamesomely

GA'MESOMELY, adverb Merrily; playfully.

Gamester

GA'MESTER, noun [game, and Saxon steora, a director.]

1. A person addicted to gaming; one who is accustomed to play for money or other stake, at cards, dice, billiards and the like; a gambler; one skilled in games.

Addison.

It is as easy to be a scholar as a gamester.

Harris.

2. One engaged at play.

Bacon.

3. A merry, frolicksome person. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. A prostitute. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Gaming

GA'MING, participle of the present tense Playing; sporting; playing for money.

Gaming

GA'MING, noun The act or art of playing any game in a contest for a victory, or for a prize or stake.

2. The practice of using cards, dice, billiards and the like, according to certain rules, for winning money, &c.

Gaming-House

GA'MING-HOUSE, noun A house where gaming is practiced.

Blackstone.

Gaming-Table

GA'MING-TABLE, noun A table appropriated to gaming.

Gammer

GAM'MER, noun [Swedish gammal, Danish gammel, old; Swedish gumma, an old woman.]

The compellation of an old woman, answering to gaffer, applied to an old man.

Gammon

GAM'MON, noun [Italian gamba; French jambe, a leg; jambon, a leg of bacon.]

1. The buttock or thigh of a hog, pickled and smoked or dried; a smoked ham.

2. A game, called usually back-gammon, which see.

Gammon

GAM'MON, verb transitive To make bacon; to pickle and dry in smoke.

2. To fasten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship by several turns of a rope.

Mar. Dict.

Gammon

GAM'MON, verb transitive In the game of baek-gammon, the party that, by fortunate throws of the dice or by superior skill in moving, withdraws all his men from the board, before his antagonist has been able to get his men home and withdraw any of them from his table, gammons his antagonist.

Gammut

GAM'MUT, noun [Spanish gamma; Portugese id.; French gamme; from the Greek letter so named.]

1. A scale on which notes in music are written or printed, consisting of lines and spaces, which are named after the seven first letters of the alphabet.

2. The first or gravest note in Guido's scale of music, the modern scale.

Gan

GAN, a contraction of began, or rather the original simple word, Saxon gynnan, to begin.

Ganch

GANCH, verb transitive [Italian gancio, a hook.] To drop from a high place on hooks, as the Turks do malefactors, by way of punishment.

Gander

GAN'DER, noun [Saxon gandra, ganra; Irish ganra. In German and Dutch gans is a goose; Dutch ganserick, a gander; Greek, and probably Latin anser. Pliny says, that in Germany the small white geese were called ganzoe. Lib. 10. 22.] The male of fowls of the goose kind.

Gang

GANG, verb intransitive [Saxon gangan; Gothic gaggan.] To go; to walk. [Local, or used only in ludicrous language.]

Gang

GANG, noun [Gothic gagg, a street.] Properly, a going; hence, a number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; as a gang of thieves.

2. In seamen's language, a select number of a ship's crew appointed on a particular service, under a suitable officer.

Mar. Dict.

Gangboard

GANG'BOARD, noun A board or plank with cleats for steps, used for walking into or out of a boat.

Gangdays

GANG'DAYS, noun Days of perambulation.

Ganghon

GANG'HON, noun A flower.

Ainsworth.

Ganglion

GANG'LION, noun [Greek.] In anatomy, a small circumscribed tumor, found in certain parts of the nervous system.

Wistar. Cyc.

2. In surgery, a movable tumor formed on the tendons, generally about the wrist.

Parr.

Gangrenate

GAN'GRENATE, verb transitive To produce a gangrene.

Brown.

Gangrene

GAN'GRENE, noun [French from Latin gangroena; Greek; Syriac gangar.]

A mortification of living flesh, or of some part of a living animal body. It is particularly applied to the first stage of mortification, before the life of the part is completely extinct. When the part is completely dead, it is called sphacelus.

Encyc. Cyc.

Gangrene

GAN'GRENE, verb transitive To mortify, or to begin mortification in.

Gangrene

GAN'GRENE, verb intransitive To become mortified.

Gangrenescent

GANGRENES'CENT, adjective Tending to mortification; beginning to corrupt or putrefy, as living flesh.

Gangrenous

GAN'GRENOUS, adjective Mortified; indicating mortification of living flesh.

Gangue

GANGUE, n. gang. [See Gang.] In mining, the earthy, stony, saline, or combustible substance, which contains the ore of metals, or is only mingled with it without being chimically combined, is called the gangue or matrix of the ore. It differs from a mineralizer, in not being combined with the metal.

Cleaveland.

Gangway

GANG'WAY, noun A passage, way or avenue into or out of any inclosed place, especially a passage into or out of a ship, or from one part of a ship to another; also, a narrow platform of planks laid horizontally along the upper part of a ship's side, from the quarter deck to the forecastle.

To bring to the gangway, in the discipline of ships, is to punish a seaman by seizing him up and flogging him.

Gangweek

GANG'WEEK, noun Rogation week, when processions are made to lustrate or survey the bounds of parishes.

Dict.

Ganil

GAN'IL, noun A kind of brittle limestone.

Kirwan.

Gannet

GAN'NET, noun [Saxon ganot. See Gander.] The Solan Goose, a fowl of the genus Pelicanus, about seven pounds in weight, with a straight bill, six inches long, and palmated feet. These fowls frequent the isles of Scotland in summer, and feed chiefly on herrings.

Encyc.

Gantlet

GANT'LET, or GAUNT'LET, noun [French gantelet, from gant, a glove; Italian guanto; Dutch want; Danish and Swedish vante, a glove.]

A large iron glove with fingers covered with small plates, formerly worn by cavaliers, armed at all points.

To throw the gantlet, is to challenge; and

To take up the gantlet, is to accept the challenge.

Gantlope

GANT'LOPE, noun [The last syllable is from the Teutonic, Dutch loopen, to run. The first is probably from gang, a passage.]

A military punishment inflicted on criminals for some hainous offense. It is executed in this manner; soldiers are arranged in two rows, face to face, each armed with a switch or instrument of punishment; between these rows, the offender, stripped to his waist, is compelled to pass a certain number of times, and each man gives him a stroke. A similar punishment is used on board of ships. Hence this word is chiefly used in the phrase, to run the gantlet or gantlope.

Dryden. Mar. Dict.

Ganza

GAN'ZA, noun [Spanish ganso, a goose. See Gander.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world.

Johnson. Hudibras.

Gaol

GAOL, noun [French geole; Armoric geol or jol; Welsh geol; Norm. geaule, geole; Spanish jaula, a cage, a cell; Portugese gaiola. Qu. Class Gl. No. 11. 36. Arabic As the pronunciation gole accords with that of goal, a different word, it would be convenient to write and pronounce this word uniformly jail.]

A prison; a place for the confinement of debtors and criminals.

Gaol

GAOL, verb transitive To imprison; to confine in prison.

Bacon.

Gaoldelivery

GAOLDELIV'ERY, noun A judicial process for clearing jails of criminals, by trial and condemnation or acquittal.

Gaoler

GAOLER, noun The keeper of a goal or prisoner; a jailor.

Gap

GAP, noun [See Gape and Gab. Gipsey, geb, Hindoo, gibah, a hole.]

1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or parting; as a gap in a fence or wall.

2. A breach.

Manifold miseries ensued by the opening of that gap to all that side of christendom.

Knolles.

3. Any avenue or passage; way of entrance or departure.

Dryden.

4. A breach; a defect; a flaw; as a gap in honor or reputation.

Shak. More.

5. An interstice; a vacuity.

A third can fill the gap with laughing.

Swift.

6. A hiatus; a chasm; as a gap between words.

Pope.

To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.

To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger. Ezekiel 22.

Gape

G`APE, verb intransitive [Saxon geapan; Swedish gapa; Dutch gaapen; German gaffen; Danish gaber; Arabic jauba, to split, tear or cut open.]

1. To open the mouth wide, from sleepiness, drowsiness or dullness; to yawn.

Swift.

2. To open the mouth for food, as young birds.

Dryden.

3. To gape for or after, to desire earnestly; to crave; to look and long for; as, men often gape after court favor.

The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.

Denham.

To gape at, in a like sense, is hardly correct.

4. To open in fissures or crevices; as a gaping rock.

May that ground gape, and swallow me alive.

Shak.

5. To have a hiatus; as one vowel gaping on another.

Dryden.

6. To open the mouth in wonder or surprise; as the gaping fool; the gaping crowd.

7. To utter sound with open throat.

Roscommon.

8. To open the mouth with hope or expectation.

Hudibras.

9. To open the mouth with a desire to injure or devour.

They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job 16.

Gape

G`APE, noun A gaping.

Addison.

Gaper

G`APER, noun One who gapes; a yawner.

2. One who opens his mouth for wonder and stares foolishly.

3. One who longs or craves.

Carew.

4. A fish with six or seven bands and tail undivided.

Pennant.

Gaping

G`APING, participle of the present tense Opening the mouth wide from sleepiness, dullness, wonder or admiration; yawning; opening in fissures; craving.

Gaptoothed

GAP'TOOTHED, adjective Having interstices between the teeth.

Dryden.

Gar

G`AR, in Saxon, a dart, a weapon; as in Edgar, or Eadgar, a happy weapon; Ethelgar, noble weapon.

Gibson.

This may be the Chaldee or an arrow, a dart; Samaritan an arrow.

Garagay

GAR'AGAY, noun A rapacious fowl of Mexico, of the size of the kite.

Dict.

Garb

G`ARB, noun [French garbe, looks, countenance; Italian Spanish garbo; Norm. garbs, clothes, dress; Russian gerb, arms; from the root of gear.]

1. Dress; clothes; habit; as the garb of a clergyman or judge.

2. Fashion or mode of dress.

Denham.

3. Exterior appearance; looks.

Shak.

4. In heraldry, a sheaf of corn. [French gerbe; Spanish garba.]

Garbage

G`ARBAGE, noun [I know not the component parts of this word.] The bowels of an animal; refuse parts of flesh; offal.

Shak. Dryden.

Garbaged

G`ARBAGED, adjective Stripped of the bowels.

Sherwood.

Garbel

G`ARBEL, noun The plank next the keel of a ship. [See Garboard-streak.]

Garble

G`ARBLE, verb transitive [Spanish garbillar; Italian cribrare, crivellare; French cribler; Latin cribro, cribello. Qu. Arabic or Chaldee to sift, to bolt. Class Rb. No. 30. 34. 46.]

1. Properly, to sift or bolt; to separate the fine or valuable parts of a substance from the coarse and useless parts, or from dross or dirt; as, to garble spices.

2. To separate; to pick; to cull out.

Dryden. Locke.

Garbled

G`ARBLED, participle passive Sifted; bolted; separated; culled out.

Garbler

G`ARBLER, noun One who garbles, sifts or separates. A garbler of spices, is an officer of great antiquity in London.

2. One who picks out, culls or selects.

Garbles

G`ARBLES, n. plu. The dust, soil or filth, severed from good spices, drugs, &c.

Cyc.

Grbling

G`RBLING, participle of the present tense Sifting; separating; sorting; culling.

Garboard

G`ARBOARD, noun The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first plank fastened on the keel on the outside.

Bailey.

Garboard-streak, in a ship, is the first range or streak of planks laid on a ship's bottom, next the keel.

Mar. Dict.

Garboil

G`ARBOIL, noun [Old French garbouil; Italian garbuglio.] Tumult; uproar. [Not used.]

Gard

GARD, [See Guard and Ward.]

Garden

G`ARDEN, noun [German garten; Welsh garth; Italian giardino; Spanish jardin; French id.; Portugese jardim; Armoric jardd, jardin or gardd. The first syllable is the Saxon geard, Gothic gards, yard, an inclosed place. The Saxon is ortgeard, Danish urtegaard, Swedish ?rtegÃƒ-¥rd, wortyard, an inclosure for herbs. The Irish is gairdin or garrdha; Hungarian, korth; Latin hortus. In Slavonic, gard, Russian gorod, signifies a town or city, and the derivative verb goroju, to inclose with a hedge. Hence Stuttgard, Novogrod or Novogardia. The primary sense of garden is an inclosed place, and inclosures were originally made with hedges, stakes or palisades. It is probable that in the east, and in the pastoral state, men had little or no inclosed land except such as was fenced for the protection of herbs and fruits, and for villages. See Coxe's Russian B. 4.]

1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultivation of herbs, or plants, fruits and flowers; usually near a mansion-house. Land appropriated to the raising of culinary herbs and roots for domestic use, is called a kitchen-garden; that appropriated to flowers and shrubs is called a flower-garden; and that to fruits, is called a fruit-garden. But these uses are sometimes blended.

2. A rich, well cultivated spot or tract of country; a delightful spot. The intervals on the river Connecticut are all a garden. Lombardy is the garden of Italy.

Garden, in composition, is used adjectively, as garden-mold, a rich fine mold or soil; garden-tillage, the tillage used in cultivating gardens.

Garden

G`ARDEN, verb intransitive To lay out and to cultivate a garden; to prepare ground, to plant and till it, for the purpose of producing plants, shrubs, flowers and fruits.

Gardener

G`ARDENER, noun One whose occupation is to make, tend and dress a garden.

Gardening

G`ARDENING, participle of the present tense Cultivating or tilling a garden.

Gardening

G`ARDENING, noun The act of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.

Encyc.

Garden-Plot

G`ARDEN-PLOT, noun The plot or plantation of a garden.

Milton.

Garden-Stuff

G`ARDEN-STUFF, noun Plants growing in a garden; vegetables for the table. [A word in popular use.]

Garden-Ware

G`ARDEN-WARE, noun The produce of gardens. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

Gardon

G`ARDON, noun A fish of the roach kind.

Gare

GARE, noun Coarse wool growing on the legs of sheep.

Dict.

Gargarism

G`ARGARISM, noun [Latin gargarismus; Greek, to wash the mouth; allied probably to gorge, the throat.]

A gargle; any liquid preparation used to wash the mouth and throat, to cure inflammations or ulcers, &c.

Encyc.

Gargarize

G`ARGARIZE, verb transitive [French gargariser; Latin gargarizo; Greek.]

To wash or rinse the mouth with any medicated liquor.

Bacon.

Garget

G`ARGET, noun [See Gorge.] A distemper in cattle, consisting in a swelling of the throat and the neighboring parts.

Encyc.

Gargil

G`ARGIL, noun A distemper in geese, which stops the head and often proves fatal.

Encyc.

Gargle

G`ARGLE, verb transitive [French gargouiller, to paddle or dabble; Italian gargagliare, to murmur; to gurgle; Dutch gorgelen; German gurgeln; allied to gorge, gurges.]

1. To wash the throat and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from descending into the stomach by a gentle expiration of air.

2. To warble; to play in the throat. [Unusual.]

Waller.

Gargle

G`ARGLE, noun Any liquid preparation for washing the mouth and throat.

Wiseman.

Garglion

G`ARGLION, noun An exsudation of nervous juice from a bruise, which indurates into a tumor.

Quincy.

Gargol

G`ARGOL, noun A distemper in swine.

Mortimer.

Garish

GARISH. [See Gairish.]

Garland

G`ARLAND, noun [French guirlande; Italian ghirlanda; Spanish guirnalda; Portugese grinalda; Armoric garlantez. This word has been referred to the Latin gyrus, and it may be from the same root. It seems to denote something round or twisted, for in Spanish it is used for a wreath of cordage or puddening.]

1. A wreath or chaplet made of branches, flowers, fethers and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown.

Pope. Encyc.

2. An ornament of flowers, fruits and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the gates of temples where feasts and solemn rejoicings were held.

Encyc.

3. The top; the principal thing, or thing most prized.

Shak.

4. A collection of little printed pieces.

Percy.

5. In ships, a sort of net used by sailors instead of a locker or cupboard.

Mar. Dict.

Garland

G`ARLAND, verb transitive To deck with a garland.

B. Jonson.

Garlic

G`ARLIC, noun [Saxon garlec or garleac; gar, a dart or lance, in Welsh, a shank, and leac, a leek; Irish gairliog; Welsh garlleg. The Germans call it knoblauch knobleek; Dutch knoflook; Greek.]

A plant of the genus Allium, having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat and easily separable.

Encyc.

Garliceater

G`ARLICEATER, noun A low fellow.

Shak.

Garlicpear-Tree

G`ARLICPEAR-TREE, noun A tree in Jamaica, the Crateva, bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic.

Miller.

Garment

G`ARMENT, noun [Norm. garnament; Old French guarniment; Italian guarnimento, furniture, ornament; from the root of garnish, and denoting what is put on or furnished.]

Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, &c. Garments, in the plural, denotes clothing in general; dress.

No man putteth a piece of new cloth to an old garment. Matthew 9.

Garner

G`ARNER, noun [French grenier; Irish geirneal; Norm. guernier, garnier. See Grain.]

A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.

Garner

G`ARNER, verb transitive To store in a granary.

Shak.

Garnet

G`ARNET, noun [Italian granato; French grenat; Spanish granate; Latin granatus, from granum, or granatum, the pomegranate.]

1. A mineral usually occurring in crystals more or less regular. The crystals have numerous sides, from twelve to sixty or even eighty four. Its prevailing color is red of various shades, but often brown, and sometimes green, yellow or black. It sometimes resembles the hyacinth, the leucite, and the idocrase. Of this gem there are several varieties, as the precious or oriental, the pyrope, the topazolite, the succinite, the common garnet, the melanite, the pyreneite, the grossular, the allochroite, and the colophonite.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland.

2. In ships, a sort of tackle fixed to the main stay, and used to hoist in and out the cargo.

Garnish

G`ARNISH, verb transitive [French garnir; Armoric goarniÃƒ-§a Spanish guarnecer; Italian guarnire, guernire; Norm. garner, garnisher, to warn, to summon. The latter sense is still used in law language, and it would seem that warn and garnish are from the same root, for warn, written in the Celtic manner, would be guarn.]

1. To adorn; to decorate with appendages; to set off.

All within with flowers was garnished.

Spenser.

2. To fit with fetters; a cant term.

3. To furnish; to supply; as a fort garnished with troops.

4. In law, to warn; to give notice. [See Garnishee.]

Garnish

G`ARNISH, noun Ornament; something added for embellishment; decoration.

Matter and figure they produce;

For garnish this, and that for use.

Prior.

2. In jails, fetters; a cant term.

3. Pensiuncula carceraria; a fee; an acknowledgment in money when first a prisoner goes to jail.

Ainsworth.

Garnished

G`ARNISHED, participle passive Adorned; decorated; embellished.

2. Furnished.

3. Warned; notified.

Garnishee

GARNISHEE', noun In law, one in whose hands the property of an absconding or absent debtor is attached, who is warned or notified of the demand or suit, and who may appear and defend in the suit, in the place of the principal.

Stat. of Connecticut.

Garnishing

G`ARNISHING, participle of the present tense Adorning; decorating; warning.

Garnishment

G`ARNISHMENT, noun Ornament; embellishment.

Wotton.

2. Warning; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an absconding debtor.

3. A fee.

Garniture

G`ARNITURE, noun Ornamental appendages; embellishment; furniture; dress.

Addison. Beattie. Gray.

Garous

GA`ROUS, adjective [Latin garum, pickle.] Resembling pickle made of fish.

Brown.

Garran

GAR'RAN, or GAR'RON, noun [Irish garran; Scot. garron; German gurre.]

A small horse; a highland horse; a hack; a jade; a galloway. [Not used in America.]

Temple.

Garret

GAR'RET, noun [Scot. garret, a watch-tower, the top of a hill; garritour, a watchman on the battlements of a castle; French guerite, a centinel-box; Spanish guardilla; Armoric garid; from the root of ward, guard, which see.]

1. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under the roof.

2. Rotten wood. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Garreted

GAR'RETED, adjective Protected by turrets.

Carew.

Garreteer

GARRETEE'R, noun An inhabitant of a garret; a poor author.

Garrison

GAR'RISON, noun [French garnison; Armoric goarnison; Spanish guarnicion, a garrison, a flounce, furbelow or trimming, the setting of any thing in gold or silver, the guard of a sword, garniture, ornament; Italian guernigione; Portugese guarniÃƒ-§am; Dutch waarison. The French, English, Armoric, Spanish and Italian words are from garnish; the Dutch is from waaren, to keep, to guard, warren, and from this root we have warrant and guaranty, as well as guard and regard, all from one source. See Warren.]

1. A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town, to defend it against an enemy, or to keep the inhabitants in subjection.

2. A fort, castle or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend it.

Waller.

3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its defense; as troops laid in garrison.

Spenser.

Garrison

GAR'RISON, verb transitive To place troops in a fortress for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town.

2. To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.

Garrulity

GARRU'LITY, noun [Latin garrulitas, from garrio, to prate; Greek,; Irish gairim; Welsh gair, a word. Class Greek No. 2. 9. 15. 49.]

Talkativeness; loquacity; the practice or habit of talking much; a babbling or tatling.

Ray.

Garrulous

GAR'RULOUS, adjective Talkative; prating; as garrulous old age.

Thomson.

Garter

G`ARTER, noun [French jarretiere, from Welsh gar, Armoric garr, the leg, ham or shank.]

1. A string or band used to tie a stocking to the leg.

2. The badge of an order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the order of the garter, instituted by Edward III. This order is a college or corporation.

3. The principal king at arms.

Johnson.

4. A term in heraldry, signifying the half of a bend.

Encyc.

Garter

G`ARTER, verb transitive To bind with a garter.

2. To invest with the order of the garter.

Warton.

Garterfish

G`ARTERFISH, noun A fish having a long depressed body, like the blade of a sword; the Lepidopus.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Garth

GARTH, noun [Welsh garz. See Garden.]

1. A dam or wear for catching fish.

2. A close; a little backside; a yard; a croft; a garden. [Not used.]

Gas

GAS, noun [Saxon gast, German geist, Dutch geest, spirit, ghost. The primary sense of air, wind, spirit, is to flow, to rush. Hence this word may be allied to Irish gaisim, to flow; gasaim, to shoot forth, to gush; gast, a blast of wind. It may also be allied to yeast, which see.]

In chimistry, a permanently elastic aeriform fluid, or a substance reduced to the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent combination with caloric.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Gases are invisible except when colored, which happens in two or three instances.

Gascon

GAS'CON, noun A native of Gascony in France.

Gasconade

GAS'CONADE, noun [French from Gascon, an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which are noted for boasting.]

A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging.

Swift.

Gasconade

GASCONA'DE, verb intransitive To boast; to brag; to vaunt; to bluster.

Gaseous

GAS'EOUS, adjective In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid.

Gash

GASH, noun [I know not through what channel we have received this word. It may be allied to chisel. See Class Gs. No. 5. 6. 12. 28.]

A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length, particularly in flesh.

Milton.

Gash

GASH, verb intransitive To make a gash, or long, deep incision; applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.

Gashed

GASH'ED, participle passive Cut with a long, deep incision.

Gashful

GASH'FUL, adjective Full of gashes; hideous.

Gashing

GASH'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting long, deep incisions.

Gasification

GASIFICA'TION, noun [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting into gas.

Gasified

GAS'IFIED, participle passive Converted into an aeriform fluid.

Gasify

GAS'IFY, verb transitive [gas and Latin facio, to make.] To convert into gas or an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric.

Gasifying

GAS'IFYING, participle of the present tense Converting into gas.

Gasket

GAS'KET, noun [Spanish caxeta. See Case.] A plaited cord fastened to the sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to the yard.

Mar. Dict.

Gaskins

GAS'KINS, n. plu. Galligaskins; wide open hose. [See Galligaskins.]

Shak.

Gaslight

GAS'LIGHT, noun Light produced by the combustion of carbureted hydrogen gas. Gaslights are now substituted for oil-lights, in illuminating streets and apartments in houses.

Gasometer

GASOM'ETER, noun [gas and.] In chimistry, an instrument or apparatus, intended to measure, collect, preserve or mix different gases.

Coxe.

An instrument for measuring the quantity of gas employed in an experiment; also, the place where gas is prepared for lighting streets.

R. S. Jameson.

Gasometry

GASOM'ETRY, noun The science, are or practice of measuring gases. It teaches also the nature and properties of these elastic fluids.

Coxe.

Gasp

G`ASP, verb intransitive [Swedish gispa, Danish gisper, to gape, to yawn.]

1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath or in laborious respiration; particularly in dying.

Addison.

2. To long for. [Not in use.]

Gasp

G`ASP, verb transitive To emit breath by opening wide the mouth.

And with short sobs he gasps away his breath.

Dryden.

Gasp

G`ASP, noun The act of opening the mouth to catch the breath.

2. The short catch of the breath in the agonies of death.

Addison.

Gasping

G`ASPING, participle of the present tense Opening the mouth to catch the breath.

Gast

G`AST, or G`ASTER, verb transitive To make aghast; to frighten. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gastness

G`ASTNESS, noun Amazement; fright. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gastric

GAS'TRIC, adjective [from Greek, the belly or stomach.]

Belonging to the belly, or rather to the stomach. The gastric juice is a thin, pellucid liquor, separated by the capillary exhaling arteries of the stomach, which open upon its internal tunic. It is the principal agent in digestion.

Hooper.

Gastriloquist

GASTRIL'OQUIST, noun [Greek, belly, and Latin loquor, to speak.]

Literally, one who speaks from his belly or stomach; hence, one who so modifies his voice that it seems to come from another person or place.

Reid.

Gastrocele

GAS'TROCELE, noun [Greek, the stomach, and, a tumor.] A rupture of the stomach.

Quincy.

Gastromancy

GAS'TROMANCY, noun [Greek, belly, and, divination.]

A kind of divination among the ancients by means of words seeming to be uttered from the belly.

Encyc.

Gastroraphy

GASTROR'APHY, noun [Greek, belly, and, a sewing or suture.]

The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen.

Quincy.

Gastrotomy

GASTROT'OMY, noun [Greek, belly, and, to cut.]

The operation of cutting into or opening the abdomen.

Encyc.

Gat

GAT, preterit tense of get.

Gate

GATE, noun [Saxon gate, geat; Irish geata; Scot. gait. The Gothic gatwo, Danish gade, Swedish gata, German gasse, Sanscrit gaut, is a way or street. In Dutch gat is a gap or channel. If the radical letters are gd or gt, it may be connected with gad, to go, as it signifies a passage.]

1. A large door which gives entrance into a walled city, a castle, a temple, palace or other large edifice. It differs from door chiefly in being larger. Gate signifies both the opening or passage, and the frame of boards, planks or timber which closes the passage.

2. A frame of timber which opens or closes a passage into any court, garden or other inclosed ground; also, the passage.

3. The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water through a dam into a flume.

4. An avenue; an opening; a way.

Knolles.

In scripture, figuratively, power, dominion, ``Thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;' that is, towns and fortresses. Genesis 22.

The gates of hell, are the power and dominion of the devil and his instruments. Matthew 16.

The gates of death, are the brink of the grave. Psalm 9.

Gated

GA'TED, adjective Having gates.

Young.

Gatevein

GA'TEVEIN, noun The vena portae, a large vein which conveys the blood from the abdominal viscera into the liver.

Bacon. Hooper.

Gateway

GA'TEWAY, noun A way through the gate of some inclosure.

Mortimer.

2. A building to be passed at the entrance of the area before a mansion.

Todd.

Gather

GATH'ER, verb transitive [Saxon gaderian, or gatherian; Dutch gaderen. I know not whether the first syllable is a prefix or not. The Chaldee signifies to inclose, and to gather dates. If the elements are primarily Gd, the word coincides with the German gattern, Chaldee to gather, to bind.]

1. To bring together; to collect a number of separate things into one place or into one aggregate body.

Gather stones: and they took stones, and made a heap. Genesis 31.

2. To get in harvest; to reap or cut and bring into barns or stores. Leviticus 25:20.

3. To pick up; to glean; to get in small parcels and bring together.

Gather out the stones. Isaiah 62.

He must gather up money by degrees.

Locke.

4. To pluck; to collect by cropping, picking or plucking.

Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Matthew 7.

5. To assemble; to congregate; to bring persons into one place. Ezekiel 22:19.

6. To collect in abundance; to accumulate; to amass.

I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings. Ecclesiastes 2.

7. To select and take; to separate from others and bring together.

Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from among the heathen. Psalm 106.

8. To sweep together.

The kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea, and gathered of every kind. Matthew 13.

9. To bring into one body or interest.

Yet will I gather others to him. Isaiah 56.

10. To draw together from a state of expansion or diffusion; to contract.

Gathering his flowing robe he seemed to stand,

In act to speak, and graceful stretch'd his hand.

Pope.

11. To gain.

He gathers ground upon her in the chase.

Dryden.

12. To pucker; to plait.

13. To deduce by inference; to collect or learn by reasoning. From what I hear I gather that he was present.

After he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us to preach the gospel to them. Acts 16.

14. To coil as a serpent.

To gather breath, to have respite. Obs.

Spenser.

Gather

GATH'ER, verb intransitive To collect; to unite; to increase; to be condensed. The clouds gather in the west.

2. To increase; to grow larger by accretion of like matter.

Their snow ball did not gather as it went.

Bacon.

3. To assemble. The people gather fast.

4. To generate pus or matter. [See Gathering.]

Gatherable

GATH'ERABLE, adjective That may be collected; that may be deduced. [Unusual.]

Godwin.

Gathered

GATH'ERED, participle passive Collected; assembled; contracted; plaited; drawn by inference.

Gatherer

GATH'ERER, noun One who gathers or collects; one who gets in a crop.

Gathering

GATH'ERING, participle of the present tense Collecting; assembling; drawing together; plaiting; wrinkling.

Gathering

GATH'ERING, noun The act of collecting or assembling.

2. Collection; a crowd; an assembly.

3. Charitable contribution. 1 Corinthians 16.

4. A tumor suppurated or maturated; a collection of pus; an abscess.

Gathers

GATH'ERS, noun Plaits; folds; puckers; wrinkles in cloth.

Hudibras.

Gattertree

GAT'TERTREE, noun A species of Cornus or Cornelian cherry.

Fam. of Plants.

Gat-Toothed

GAT-TOOTHED, adjective Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth. Obs.

Chaucer.

Gaud

GAUD, verb intransitive [Latin gaudeo, to rejoice.] To exult; to rejoice. Obs.

Shak.

Gaud

GAUD, noun [Latin gaudium.] An ornament; something worn for adorning the person; a fine thing. Obs.

Shak.

Gauded

GAUD'ED, adjective Adorned with trinkets; colored. Obs.

Chaucer. Shak.

Gaudery

GAUD'ERY, noun Finery; fine things; ornaments.

Bacon. Dryden.

Gaudily

GAUD'ILY, adverb Showily; with ostentation of fine dress.

Guthrie.

Gaudiness

GAUD'INESS, noun Showiness; tinsel appearance; ostentatious finery.

Whitlock.

Gaudy

GAUD'Y, adjective Showy; splendid; gay.

A goldfinch there I saw, with gaudy pride

Of painted plumesÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. Ostentatiously fine; gay beyond the simplicity of nature or good taste.

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,

But not express'd in fancy; rich, not gaudy.

Shak.

Gaudy

GAUD'Y, noun A feast or festival; a word in the university.

Cheyne.

Gauge

GAUGE, v. t. gage. [French jauger, to gage; jauge, a measuring rod; Armoric jauja, or jauchi, to gage; jauch, a rod. It is supposed by J. Thomson, that this is contracted from jaulge, from gaule, a rod or pole. But qu.]

1. To measure or to ascertain the contents of a cask or vessel, as a pipe, puncheon, hogshead, barrel, tierce or keg.

2. To measure in respect to proportion.

The vanes nicely gauged on each sideÃ‚--

Derham.

Gauge

GAUGE, n. gage. A measure; a standard of measure.

Moxon.

2. Measure; dimensions.

Burke.

Gauged

GA'UGED, participle passive Measured.

Gauger

GA'UGER, noun One who gauges; an officer whose business is to ascertain the contents of casks.

Gauging

GA'UGING, participle of the present tense Measuring a cask; ascertaining dimensions or proportions of quantity.

Gauging

GA'UGING, noun The art of measuring the contents or capacities of vessels of any form.

Ed. Encyc.

Gauging-Rod

GA'UGING-ROD, noun An instrument to be used in measuring the contents of casks or vessels.

Gaul

GAUL, noun [Latin Gallia.] A name of ancient France; also, an inhabitant of Gaul.

Gaulish

GAUL'ISH, adjective Pertaining to ancient France or Gaul.

Gaunt

GAUNT, or GANT, a. gant. [The origin is uncertain. Qu. Saxon gewanian, wanian, to wane. In Welsh gwan is weak, poor.]

Vacant; hollow; empty, as an animal after long fasting; hence, lean; meager; thin; slender.

Shak. Dryden.

Gauntly

GAUNT'LY, adv. gant'ly. Leanly; meagerly.

Gauntlet

GAUNT'LET, noun [See Gantlet.]

Gauze

GAUZE, noun [Spanish gasa; French gaze; Armoric gazen. Qu. Latin gausape, or gossipium.]

A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, of silk or linen.

Encyc.

Gauzeloom

GAUZELOOM, noun A loom in which gauze is wove.

Gauzy

GAUZ'Y, adjective Like gauze; thin as gauze.

Gave

GAVE, preterit tense of give.

Gavel

GAV'EL, noun In law, tribute; toll; custom. [See Gabel.]

Gavel

GAV'EL, noun [French javelle; Portugese gavela, a sheaf; Welsh gavael, a hold or grasp.]

1. A small parcel of wheat, rye or other grain, laid together by reapers, consisting of two, three or more handfuls.

New England.

2. In England, a provincial word for ground.

Dict.

Gavel

GAV'EL, for gable or gable-end. [See Gable.]

Gavelet

GAV'ELET, noun An ancient and special cessavit in Kent, in England, where the custom of gavelkind continues, by which the tenant, if he withdraws his rent and services due to his lord, forfeits his lands and tenements.

Encyc.

2. In London, a writ used in the hustings, given to lords of rents in the city.

Encyc.

Gavelkind

GAV'ELKIND, noun [This word gavel is British. In Welsh gavael signifies a hold, a grasp, tenure; gavael-cenedyl, the hold or tenure of a family, [not the kind of tenure;] gavaelu, to hold, grasp, arrest. Irish gabhail, gabham, to take; gabhail-cine, gavelkind. In Irish gabhal is a fork, [German gabel,] and the groin, and it expresses the collateral branches of a family; but the Welsh application is most probably the true one.]

A tenure in England, by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. This species of tenure prevailed in England before the Norman conquest, in many parts of the kingdom, perhaps in the whole realm; but particularly in Kent, where it still exists.

Selden. Cowel. Blackstone. Cyc.

Gavelock

GAV'ELOCK, noun [Saxon] An iron crow.

Gavilan

GAV'ILAN, noun A species of hawk in the Philippine isles; the back and wings yellow; the belly white.

Gavot

GAV'OT, noun [French gavotte; Italian gavotta.] A kind of dance, the air of which has two brisk and lively strains in common time, each of which is played twice over. The first has usually four or eight bars, and the second contains eight, twelve or more.

Encyc.

Gawby

GAW'BY, noun A dunce. [Not in use.]

Gawk

GAWK, noun [Saxon goec, geac, a cuckoo; German gauch, a cuckoo, and a fool, an unfledged fop, a chough; Scot. gaukie, gauky, a fool; Dutch gek; Swedish g?ck, a fool, a buffoon; Danish giek, a jest, a joke. It seems that this word is radically one with joke, juggle, which see.]

1. A cuckoo.

2. A fool; a simpleton. [In both senses, it is retained in Scotland.]

Gawky

GAWK'Y, adjective Foolish; awkward; clumsy; clownish. [In this sense it is retained in vulgar use in America.]

[Is not this allied to the French gauche, left, untoward, unhandy, awk, awkward; gauchir, to shrink back or turn aside, to use shifts, to double, to dodge. This verb well expresses the actions of a jester or buffoon.]

Gawky

GAWK'Y, noun A stupid, ignorant, awkward fellow.

Gay

GAY, adjective [French gai; Armoric gae; Italian gaio, gay. In Spanish gaya is a stripe of different colors on stuffs; gaytero is gaudy; and gayo is a jay. The Welsh has gwyÃƒ-§, gay, gaudy, brave. This is a contracted word, but whether from the root of gaudy, or not, is not obvious. In some of its applications, it seems allied to joy.]

1. Merry; airy; jovial; sportive; frolicksome. It denotes more life and animation than cheerful.

Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.

Pope.

2. Fine; showy; as a gay dress.

3. Inflamed or merry with liquor; intoxicated; a vulgar use of the word in America.

Gay

GAY, noun An ornament. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Gayety

GA'YETY, noun [French gaietÃƒ-©; Italian gaiezza.]

1. Merriment; mirth; airiness; as a company full of gayety.

2. Act of juvenile pleasure; the gayeties of youth.

Denham.

3. Finery; show; as the gayety of dress.

Gayly

GA'YLY, adverb Merrily; with mirth and frolick.

2. Finely; splendidly; pompously; as ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming.

Pope.

Gayness

GA'YNESS, noun Gayety; finery.

Gaysome

GA'YSOME, adjective Full of gayety. [Little used.]

Gaze

GAZE, verb intransitive [Qu. Greek, to be astonished, and Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan chazah, to see or look, that is, to fix the eye or to reach with the eye.]

To fix the eyes and look steadily and earnestly; to look with eagerness or curiosity; as in admiration, astonishment, or in study.

A lover's eyes will gaze an eagle blind.

Shak.

Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? Acts 1.

Gaze

GAZE, verb transitive To view with fixed attention.

And gazed awhile the ample sky.

Milton.

[It is little used as a transitive verb.]

Gaze

GAZE, noun A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder or admiration; a continued look of attention.

With secret gaze,

Or open admiration, him beholdÃ‚--

Milton.

2. The object gazed on; that which causes one to gaze.

Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze.

Milton.

Gazeful

GA'ZEFUL, adjective Looking with a gaze; looking intently.

Spenser.

Gazehound

GA'ZEHOUND, noun A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent.

Encyc. Johnson.

Gazel

GAZ'EL, noun [French gazelle; Spanish gazela; Portugese gazella; from the Arabic. The verb under which this word is placed is rendered to remove, withdraw, retire or be separate.]

An animal of Africa and India, of the genus Antilope. It partakes of the nature of the goat and the deer. Like the goat, the gazel has hollow permanent horns, and it feeds on shrubs; but in size and delicacy, and in the nature and color of its hair, it resembles the roe-buck. It has cylindrical horns, most frequently annulated at the base, and bunches of hair on its fore legs. It has a most brilliant, beautiful eye.

Goldsmith. Ed. Encyc.

Gazement

GA'ZEMENT, noun View. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Gazer

GA'ZER, noun One who gazes; one who looks steadily and intently, from delight, admiration or study.

Pope.

Gazette

GAZETTE, n. gazet'. [Italian gazzetta; French gazette. Gazetta is said to have been a Venetian coin, which was the price of the first newspaper, and hence the name.]

A newspaper; a sheet or half sheet of paper containing an account of transactions and events of public or private concern, which are deemed important and interesting. The first gazette in England was published at Oxford in 1665. On the removal of the court to London, the title was changed to the London Gazette. It is now the official newspaper, and published on Tuesdays and Saturdays.

Encyc.

Gazette

GAZETTE, v. t. gazet'. To insert in a gazette; to announce or publish in a gazette.

Gazetted

GAZETT'ED, participle passive Published in a gazette.

Gazetteer

GAZETTEE'R, noun A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority.

Johnson. Pope.

2. The title of a newspaper.

3. A book containing a brief description of empires, kingdoms, cities, towns and rivers, in a country or in the whole world, alphabetically arranged; a book of topographical descriptions.

Gazing

GA'ZING, participle of the present tense [See Gaze.] Looking with fixed attention.

Gazingstock

GA'ZINGSTOCK, noun A person gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt.

Bp. Hall.

Gazon

GAZON, noun [French turf.] In fortification, pieces of turf used to line parapets and the traverses of galleries.

Harris.

Geal

GEAL, verb intransitive [French geler; Latin gelo.] To congeal. Obs.

Gear

GEAR, noun [Saxon gearwian, gyrian, to prepare; gearw, prepared, prompt; gearwa, habit, clothing, apparatus; German gar, Dutch gaar, dressed, done, ready; perhaps Swedish garfva, to tan.]

1. Apparatus; whatever is prepared; hence, habit; dress; ornaments.

Array thyself in her most gorgeous gear.

Spenser.

2. More generally, the harness or furniture of beasts; whatever is used in equipping horses or cattle for draught; tackle.

3. In Scotland, warlike accouterments; also, goods, riches.

Jamieson.

4. Business; matters. Obs.

Spenser.

5. By seamen pronounced jears, which see.

Gear

GEAR, verb transitive To dress; to put on gear; to harness.

Geared

GE'ARED, participle passive Dressed; harnessed.

Gearing

GE'ARING, participle of the present tense Dressing; harnessing.

Geason

GE'ASON, n. s as z. Rare; uncommon; wonderful. Obs.

Spenser.

Geat

GEAT, noun [Dutch gat. See Gate.] The hole through which metal runs into a mold in castings.

Moxon.

Geck

GECK, noun [German geck; Swedish g?ck; Danish giek.] A dupe. Obs.

Shak.

Geck

GECK, verb transitive To cheat, trick or gull. Obs.

Gee

GEE. or JEE. A word used by teamsters, directing their teams to pass further to the right, or from the driver, when on the near side; opposed to hoi or haw.

Geese

GEESE, noun plu. of goose.

Geest

GEEST, noun Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin.

Jameson.

Gehenna

GEHEN'NA, noun [Greek, from the Hebrew ge-hinom, the valley of Hinom, in which was Tophet, where the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch. 2 Kings 23:10.]

This word has been used by the Jews as equivalent to hell, place of fire or torment and punishment, and the Greek word is rendered by our translators by hell and hell-fire. Matthew 18:9. xxiii. 15.

Gehlenite

GEHLENITE, noun [from Gehlen, the chimist.]

A mineral recently discovered, in the description of which authors are not perfectly agreed. According to the description and analysis of Fuchs, it appears to be a variety of idocrase; but according to the observations of Prof. Clarke, it is probably a new species.

Cleaveland.

Gelable

GEL'ABLE, adjective [from Latin gelu, frost, or gelo, to congeal.]

That may or can be congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.

Gelatin

GEL'ATIN, noun [Italian Spanish gelatina, from Latin gelo, to congeal, to freeze.]

A concrete animal substance, transparent, and soluble slowly in cold water, but rapidly in warm water. With tannin, a yellowish white precipitate is thrown down from a solution of gelatin, which forms an elastic adhesive mass, not unlike vegetable gluten, and is a compound of tannin and gelatin.

Parr.

Gelatin

GEL'ATIN, or GELAT'INOUS, adjective Of the nature and consistence of gelatin; resembling jelly; viscous; moderately stiff and cohesive.

Gelatinate

GELAT'INATE, verb intransitive To be converted into gelatin or into a substance like jelly.

Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids.

Kirwan.

Gelatinate

GELAT'INATE, verb transitive To convert into gelatin or into a substance resembling jelly.

Gelatination

GELATINA'TION, noun The act or process of converting or being turned into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.

Kirwan.

Gelatinize

GEL'ATINIZE, verb intransitive The same as gelatinate.

Fleming.

Geld

GELD, noun [Saxon gild; Swedish g?ld; Danish gield; German, Dutch geld.]

Money; tribute; compensation. This word is obsolete in English, but it occurs in old laws and law books in composition; as in Danegeld, or Danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; Weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, &c.

Geld

GELD, verb transitive pret. gelded or gelt; pp. gelded or gelt. [German geilen, gelten; Swedish glla; Danish gilder, to geld, and to cut off the gills of herrings; Irish caillim, to geld, to lose, to destroy. Qu. Welsh colli, to lose, or Ethiopic gali, to cut off.]

1. To castrate; to emasculate.

2. To deprive of any essential part.

Shak.

3. To deprive of any thing immodest or exceptionable.

Dryden.

Gelded

GELD'ED, or GELT, participle passive Castrated; emasculated.

Gelder

GELD'ER, noun One who castrates.

Gelder-Rose

GELD'ER-ROSE, [Qu. from Guelderland.]

A plant, a species of Viburnum; also, a species of Spiraea.

Gelding

GELD'ING, participle of the present tense Castrating.

Gelding

GELD'ING, noun A castrated animal, but chiefly a horse.

Gelid

GEL'ID, adjective [Latin gelidus, from gelo, to freeze, French geler. See Cool, Cold.]

Cold; very cold.

Thomson.

Gelidness

GEL'IDNESS, noun Coldness.

Gelly

GEL'LY, noun [French gelÃƒ-©e; Portugese gelea; Spanish jalea; Latin gelo, gelatus. It is now more generally written jelly.]

1. The inspissated juice of fruit boiled with sugar.

2. A viscous or glutinous substance; a gluey substance, soft, but cohesive. [See Jelly.]

Gelt

GELT, participle passive of geld.

Gelt

GELT, noun for gelding. [Not used.]

Gelt

GELT, for gilt. Tinsel, or gilt surface. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Gem

GEM, noun [Latin gemma; Italian id.; Spanish yema; Portugese gomo; Irish geam; German keim; Dutch kiem. The sense is probably a shoot. See Class Gm. No. 5. Arabic]

1. A bud. In botany, the bud or compendium of a plant, covered with scales to protect the rudiments from the cold of winter and other injuries; called the hybernacle or winter quarters of a plant.

Encyc.

2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, topaz, emerald, &c.

Gem

GEM, verb transitive To adorn with gems, jewels or precious stones.

2. To bespangle; as foliage gemmed with dew drops.

3. To embellish with detached beauties.

England is studded and gemmed with castles and palaces.

Irving.

Gem

GEM, verb intransitive To bud; to germinate.

Milton.

Gemara

GEMAR'A, noun [Chaldee to finish.] The second part of the Talmud or commentary on the Jewish laws.

Gemaric

GEMAR'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Gemara.

Encyc.

Gemel

GEM'EL, noun [Latin gemellus.] A pair; a term in heraldry.

Drayton.

Gemelliparous

GEMELLIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin gemellus and pario.] Producing twins.

Dict.

Geminate

GEM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin gemino.] To double. [Little used.]

Gemination

GEMINA'TION, noun A doubling; duplication; repetition.

Boyle.

Gemini

GEM'INI, n. plu. [Latin] Twins. In astronomy, a constellation or sign of the zodiac, representing Castor and Pollux. In the Britannic catalogue, it contains 85 stars.

Encyc.

Geminous

GEM'INOUS, adjective [Latin geminus.] Double; in pairs.

Brown.

Geminy

GEM'INY, noun [supra.] Twins; a pair; a couple.

Shak.

Gemmary

GEM'MARY, adjective [from gem.] Pertaining to gems or jewels.

Gemmation

GEMMA'TION, noun [Latin gemmatio, from gemma.]

In botany, budding; the state, form or construction of the bud of plants, of the leaves, stipules, petioles or scales.

Martyn.

Gemmeous

GEM'MEOUS, adjective [Latin gemmeus.] Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.

Gemmiparous

GEMMIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin gemma, a bud, and pario, to bear.] Producing buds or gems.

Martyn.

Gemmule

GEM'MULE, noun A little gem or bud.

Eaton.

Gemmy

GEM'MY, adjective Bright; glittering; full of gems.

2. Neat; spruce; smart.

Gemote

GEMO'TE, noun [Saxon] A meeting. Obs. [See Meet.]

Gemsbok

GEMS'BOK, noun The name given to a variety of the antelope.

J. Barrow.

Gendarm

GEND`ARM, noun In France, gens d'armes is the denomination given to a select body of troops, destined to watch over the interior public safety. In the singular, gendarme, as written by Lunier, is properly anglicized gendarm.

Gendarmery

GEND`ARMERY, noun [supra.] The body of gendarms.

Hume.

Gender

GEN'DER, noun [French genre; Spanish genero; Italian genere; from Latin genus, from geno, gigno, Greek, to beget, or to be born; Irish geinim; Welsh geni, to be born; gÃƒ-¢n, a birth; cenaw, offspring; Greek,; kind. From the same root, Greek, a woman, a wife; Sanscrit gena, a wife, and genaga, a father. We have begin from the same root. See Begin and Can.]

1. Properly, kind; sort. Obs.

Shak.

2. A sex, male or female. Hence,

3. In grammar, a difference in words to express distinction of sex; usually a difference of termination in nouns, adjectives and participles, to express the distinction of male and female. But although this was the orginal design of different terminations, yet in the progress of language, other words having no relation to one sex or the other, came to have genders assigned them by custom. Words expressing males are said to be of the masculine gender; those expressing females, of the feminine gender; and in some languages, words expressing things having no sex, are of the neuter or neither gender.

Gender

GEN'DER, verb transitive To beget; but engender is more generally used.

Gender

GEN'DER, verb intransitive To copulate; to breed. Leviticus 19.

Genealogical

GENEALOG'ICAL, adjective [from genealogy.]

1. Pertaining to the descent of persons or families; exhibiting the succession of families from a progenitor; as a genealogical table.

2. According to the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; as genealogical order.

Genealogist

GENEAL'OGIST, noun He who traces descents of persons or families.

Genealogize

GENEAL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To relate the history of descents.

Trans. of Pausanias.

Genealogy

GENEAL'OGY, noun [Latin genealogia; Greek; race, and, discourse; Saxon cyn, gecynd; kind.]

1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession.

2. Pedigree; lineage; regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor.

Generable

GEN'ERABLE, adjective That may be engendered, begotten or produced.

Bentley.

General

GEN'ERAL, adjective [French from Latin generalis, from genus, a kind.]

1. Properly, relating to a whole genus or kind; and hence, relating to a whole class or order. Thus we speak of a general law of the animal or vegetable economy. This word, though from genus, kind, is used to express whatever is common to an order, class, kind, sort or species, or to any company or association of individuals.

2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; as, it is not logical to draw a general inference or conclusion from a particular fact.

3. Lax in signification; not restrained or limited to a particular import; not specific; as a loose and general expression.

4. Public; common; relating to or comprehending the whole community; as the general interest or safety of a nation.

To all general purposes, we have uniformly been one people.

Federalist, Jay.

5. Common to many or the greatest number; as a general opinion; a general custom.

6. Not directed to a single object.

If the same thing be peculiarly evil, that general aversion will be turned into a particular hatred against it.

Spratt.

7. Having a relation to all; common to the whole. Adam, our general sire.

Milton.

8. Extensive, though not universal; common; usual.

This word is prefixed or annexed to words, to express the extent of their application. Thus a general assembly is an assembly of a whole body, in fact or by representation. In Scotland, it is the whole church convened by its representatives. In America, a legislature is sometimes called a general assembly.

In logic, a general term is a term which is the sign of a general idea.

An attorney general, and a solicitor general, is an officer who conducts suits and prosecutions for the king or for a nation or state, and whose authority is general in the state or kingdom.

A vicar general has authority as vicar or substitute over a whole territory or jurisdiction.

An adjutant general assists the general of an army, distributes orders, receives returns, &c.

The word general thus annexed to a name of office, denotes chief or superior; as a commissary general, quarter-master general.

In the line, a general officer is one who commands an army, a division or a brigade.

General

GEN'ERAL, noun The whole; the total; that which comprehends all or the chief part; opposed to particular.

In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals.

Locke.

A history painter paints man in general.

Reynolds.

2. In general, in the main; for the most part; not always or universally.

I have shown that he excels, in general, under each of these heads.

Addison.

3. The chief commander of an army. But to distinguish this officer from other generals, he is often called general in chief. The officer second in rank is called lieutenant general.

4. The commander of a division of an army or militia, usually called a major general.

5. The commander of a brigade, called a brigadier general.

6. A particular beat of drum or march, being that which, in the morning, gives notice for the infantry to be in readiness to march.

Encyc.

7. The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations established under the same rule.

Encyc.

8. The public; the interest of the whole; the vulgar. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Generalissimo

GENERALIS'SIMO, noun [Italian] The chief commander of an army or military force.

2. The supreme commander; sometimes a title of honor; as Alexander generalissimo of Greece.

Brown.

Generality

GENERAL'ITY, noun [French generalitÃƒ-©; Italian generalitÃƒ- .]

1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars.

Hooker.

2. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as the generality of a nation or of mankind.

Addison.

Generalization

GENERALIZA'TION, noun The act of extending from particulars to generals; the act of making general.

Generalize

GEN'ERALIZE, verb transitive To extend from particulars or species to genera, or to whole kinds or classes; to make general, or common to a number.

Copernicus generalized the celestial motions, by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more, by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air.

Nicholson.

2. To reduce to a genus.

Reid.

Generally

GEN'ERALLY, adverb In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently, but not without exceptions. A hot summer generally follows a cold winter. Men are generally more disposed to censure than to praise, as they generally suppose it easier to depress excellence in others than to equal or surpass it by elevating themselves.

2. In the main; without detail; in the whole taken together.

Generally speaking, they live very quietly.

Addison.

Generalness

GEN'ERALNESS, noun Wide extent, though short of universality; frequency; commonness.

Sidney.

Generalship

GEN'ERALSHIP, noun The skill and conduct of a general officer; military skill in a commander, exhibited in the judicious arrangements of troops, or the operations of war.

Generalty

GEN'ERALTY, noun The whole; the totality. [Little used.]

Hale.

Generant

GEN'ERANT, noun [Latin generans.] The power that generates; the power or principle that produces.

Glanville. Ray.

Generate

GEN'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin genero. See Gender.]

1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce a being similar to the parent. Every animal generates his own species.

2. To produce; to cause to be; to bring into life; as great whales which the waters generated.

Milton.

3. To cause; to produce; to form.

Sounds are generated where there is no air at all.

Bacon.

Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle, must likewise generate milk.

Arbuthnot.

In music, any given sound generates with itself its octave and two other sounds extremely sharp, viz. its twelfth above or the octave of its fifth, and the seventeenth above.

Encyc.

Generated

GEN'ERATED, participle passive Begotten; engendered; procreated; produced; formed.

Generating

GEN'ERATING, participle of the present tense Begetting; procreating; producing; forming.

Generation

GENERA'TION, noun The act of begetting; procreation, as of animals.

2. Production; formation; as the generation of sounds or of curves or equations.

3. A single succession in natural descent, as the children of the same parents; hence, an age. Thus we say, the third, the fourth, or the tenth generation. Genesis 15:16.

4. The people of the same period, or living at the same time.

O faithless and perverse generation. Luke 9.

5. Genealogy; a series of children or descendants from the same stock.

This is the book of the generations of Adam. Genesis 5.

6. A family; a race.

Shak.

7. Progeny; offspring.

Shak.

Generative

GEN'ERATIVE, adjective Having the power of generating or propagating its own species.

Raleigh.

2. Having the power of producing.

Bentley.

3. Prolific.

Bentley.

Generator

GEN'ERATOR, noun He or that which begets, causes or produces.

2. In music, the principal sound or sounds by which others are produced. Thus the lowest C for the treble of the harpsichord, besides its octave, will strike an attentive ear with its twelfth above, or G in alt., and with its seventeenth above, or E in alt. Hence C is called their generator, the G and E its products or harmonics.

Encyc.

3. A vessel in which steam is generated.

Perkins.

Generic

GENER'IC, or GENER'ICAL, adjective [Italian and Spanish generico; French generique; from Latin genus.]

Pertaining to a genus or kind; comprehending the genus, as distinct from species, or from another genus. A generic description is a description of a genus; a generic difference is a difference in genus; a generic name is the denomination which comprehends all the species, as of animals, plants or fossils, which have certain essential and peculiar characters in common. Thus Canis is the generic name of animals of the dog kind; Felis, of the cat kind; Cervus, of the deer kind.

Generically

GENER'ICALLY, adverb With regard to genus; as an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals generically allied.

Woodward.

Generosity

GENEROS'ITY, noun [French generositÃƒ-©; Latin generositas, from genus, race, kind, with reference to birth, blood, family.]

1. The quality of being generous; liberality in principle; a disposition to give liberally or to bestow favors; a quality of the heart or mind opposed to meanness or parsimony.

2. Liberality in act; bounty.

3. Nobleness of soul; magnanimity. [This is the primary sense, but is now little used.]

Generous

GEN'EROUS, adjective [Latin generosus; French genereux; from genus, birth, extraction, family. See Gender.]

1. Primarily, being of honorable birth or origin; hence, noble; honorable; magnanimous; applied to persons; as a generous foe; a generous critic.

2. Noble; honorable; applied to things; as a generous virtue; generous boldness. It is used also to denote like qualities in irrational animals; as a generous pack of hounds.

Addison.

3. Liberal; bountiful; munificent; free to give; as a generous friend; a generous father.

4. Strong; full of spirit; as generous wine.

Boyle. Swift.

5. Full; overflowing; abundant; as a generous cup; a generous table.

6. Sprightly; courageous; as a generous steed.

Generously

GEN'EROUSLY, adverb Honorably; not meanly.

2. Nobly; magnanimously.

Dryden.

3. Liberally; munificently.

Generousness

GEN'EROUSNESS, noun The quality of being generous; magnanimity; nobleness of mind.

2. Liberality; munificence; generosity.

Genesis

GEN'ESIS, noun [Greek, from,. See Gender.]

1. The first book of the sacred scriptures of the Old Testament, containing the history of the creation, of the apostasy of man, of the deluge, and of the first patriarchs, to the death of Joseph. In the original Hebrew, this book has no title; the present title was prefixed to it by those who translated it into Greek.

2. In geometry, the formation of a line, plane or solid, by the motion or flux of a point, line or surface.

Encyc.

Genet

GEN'ET, noun [French] A small-sized, well-proportioned Spanish horse.

Johnson.

2. An animal of the weasel kind, less than the martin.

Genethliacal

GENETHLI'ACAL, or GENETH'LIAC, adjective [Greek, from, to be born.]

Pertaining to nativities as calculated by astrologers; showing the positions of the stars at the birth of any person. [Little used.]

Howell.

Genethliacs

GENETH'LIACS, noun The science of calculating nativities or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at the birth of persons. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Genethliatic

GENETHLIAT'IC, noun He who calculates nativities. [Little used.]

Drummond.

Geneva

GENE'VA, noun [French genevre or genievre, a juniper-berry; Italian ginepra; Armoric genevra. The Spanish word is nebrina, and the tree is called enebro, Portugese zimbro.]

A spirit distilled from grain or malt, with the addition of juniper berries. But instead of these berries, the spirit is now flavored with the oil of turpentine. The word is usually contracted and pronounced gin.

Encyc.

Genevanism

GENE'VANISM, noun [from Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Calvinism.

Mountagu.

Genevois

GENEVOIS, n. plu. jeneva'y. People of Geneva.

Addison.

Genial

GE'NIAL, adjective [Latin genialis, from geno, gigno, Greek,.]

1. Contributing to propagation or production; that causes to produce.

Creator, Venus, genial power of love.

Dryden.

2. Gay; merry.

Warton.

3. Enlivening; contributing to life and cheerfulness; supporting life.

So much I feel my genial spirits droop.

Milton.

4. Native; natural. [Not usual.]

Brown.

The genial gods, in pagan antiquity, were supposed to preside over generation, as earth, air, fire and water.

Genially

GE'NIALLY, adverb By genius or nature; naturally. [Little used.]

Glanville.

2. Gayly; cheerfully.

Johnson.

Geniculated

GENIC'ULATED, adjective [Latin geniculatus, from geniculum, a knot or joint, from the root of genu, the knee. See Knee.]

Kneed; knee-jointed; having joints like the knee a little bent; as a geniculated stem or peduncle.

Martyn.

Geniculation

GENICULA'TION, noun Knottiness; the state of having knots or joints like a knee.

Johnson.

Genii

GE'NII, noun [Latin plu.] A sort of imaginary intermediate beings between men and angels; some good and some bad.

Encyc.

Genio

GE'NIO, noun [Italian from Latin genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind.

Tatler.

Genital

GEN'ITAL, adjective [Latin genitalis, from the root of gigno, Greek, to beget.]

Pertaining to generation or the act of begetting.

Genitals

GEN'ITALS, n. plu. The parts of an animal which are the immediate instruments of generation.

Geniting

GEN'ITING, noun [French janeton.] A species of apple that ripens very early.

Genitive

GEN'ITIVE, adjective [Latin genitivus, from the root of gender.]

In grammar, an epithet given to a case in the declension of nouns, expressing primarily the thing from which something else proceeds; as filius patris, the son of a father; aqua fontis, the water of a fountain. But by custom this case expresses other relations, particularly possession or ownership; as animi magnitudo, greatness of mind, greatness possessed by or inherent in the mind. This case often expresses also that which proceeds from something else; as pater septem filiorum, the father of seven sons.

Genitor

GEN'ITOR, noun One who procreates; a sire; a father.

Sheldon.

Geniture

GEN'ITURE, noun Generation; procreation; birth.

Burton.

Genius

GE'NIUS, noun [Latin from the root of gigno, Greek, to beget.]

1. Among the ancients, a good or evil spirit or demon supposed to preside over a man's destiny in life, that is, to direct his birth and actions and be his guard and guide; a tutelary deity; the ruling and protecting power of men, places or things. This seems to be merely a personification or deification of the particular structure or bent of mind which a man receives from nature, which is the primary signification of the word.

2. The peculiar structure of mind which is given by nature to an individual, or that disposition or bent of mind which is peculiar to every man, and which qualifies him for a particular employment; a particular natural talent or aptitude of mind for a particular study or course of life; as a genius for history, for poetry or painting.

3. Strength of mind; uncommon powers of intellect, particularly the power of invention. In this sense we say, Homer was a man of genius. Hence,

4. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties. Shakespeare was a rare genius.

Addison.

5. Mental powers or faculties. [See No. 2.]

6. Nature; disposition; peculiar character; as the genius of the times.

Gent

GENT, adjective Elegant; pretty; gentle. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Genteel

GENTEE'L, adjective [French gentil; Italian gentile; Spanish gentil; Latin gentilis, from gens, race, stock, family, and with the sense of noble or at least respectable birth, as we use birth and family.]

1. Polite; well bred; easy and graceful in manners or behavior; having the manners of well bred people; as genteel company; genteel guests.

2. Polite; easy and graceful; becoming well bred persons; as genteel manners or behavior; a genteel manners or behavior; a genteel address.

3. Graceful in mein or form; elegant; as the lady has a genteel person.

4. Elegantly dressed.

Law.

5. Decorous; refined; free from any thing low or vulgar; as genteel comedy.

Addison.

Genteelly

GENTEE'LLY, adverb Politely; gracefully; elegantly; in the manner of well bred people.

Genteelness

GENTEE'LNESS, noun Gracefulness of manners or person; elegance; politeness. We speak of the genteelness of a person or of his deportment.

2. Qualities befitting a person of rank.

Johnson.

Gentian

GEN'TIAN, noun [Latin gentiana; French gentiane; Arabic kanta.]

A genus of plants, of many species. The common gentian is a native of the mountainous parts of Germany. The root, the only part used, has a yellowish brown color and a very bitter taste, and is used as an ingredient in stomachic bitters. It is sometimes called felwort.

Encyc.

Gentil

GEN'TIL, noun A species of falcon or hawk.

Gentile

GEN'TILE, noun [Latin gentilis; French gentil; Spanish gentil; from Latin gens, nation, race; applied to pagans.]

In the scriptures, a pagan; a worshipper of false gods; any person not a Jew or a christian; a heathen. The Hebrews included in the term goim or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The christians translated goim by the Latin gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were not Jews nor christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.

Encyc.

Gentile

GEN'TILE, adjective Pertaining to pagans or heathens.

Gentilesse

GENTILESSE, noun Complaisance. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Gentilish

GEN'TILISH, adjective Heathenish; pagan.

Milton.

Gentilism

GEN'TILISM, noun Heathenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.

Stillingfleet.

Gentilitious

GENTILI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin gentilitius, from gens.]

1. Peculiar to a people or nation; national.

Brown.

2. Hereditary; entailed on a family.

Arbuthnot.

Gentility

GENTIL'ITY, noun [French gentilitÃƒ-©, heathenism. So in Spanish and Italian from the Latin; but we take the sense from genteel.]

1. Politeness of manners; easy, graceful behavior; the manners of well bred people; genteelness.

2. Good extraction; dignity of birth.

Edward.

3. Gracefulness of mien.

Shak.

4. Gentry. [Not in use.]

Davies.

5. Paganism; heathenism. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Gentilize

GEN'TILIZE, verb intransitive To live like a heathen.

Milton.

Gentle

GEN'TLE, adjective [See Genteel.] Well born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble; as the studies of noble and gentle youth; gentle blood. Obs.

Milton. Pope.

2. Mild; meek; soft; bland; not rough, harsh or severe; as a gentle nature, temper or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice. 1 Thessalonians 27:21 Thessalonians 27:2 Timothy 2.

3. Tame; peaceable; not wild, turbulent or refractory; as a gentle horse or beast.

4. Soothing; pacific.

Davies.

5. Treating with mildness; not violent.

A gentle hand may lead the elephant with a hair.

Persian Rosary.

Gentle

GEN'TLE, noun A gentleman. Obs.

Shak.

2. A kind of worm.

Walton.

Gentle

GEN'TLE, verb transitive To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar. Obs.

Shak.

Gentlefolk

GEN'TLEFOLK, noun [gentle and folk.] Persons of good breeding and family. It is now used only in the plural, gentlefolks, and this use is vulgar.

Gentleman

GEN'TLEMAN, noun [gentle, that is, genteel, and man. So in French gentilhomme, Italian gentiluomo, Spanish gentilhombre. See Genteel.]

1. In its most extensive sense, in Great Britain, every man above the rank of yeomen, comprehending noblemen. In a more limited sense, a man, who without a title, bears a coat of arms, or whose ancestors have been freemen. In this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry.

2. In the United States, where titles and distinctions of rank do not exist, the term is applied to men of education and of good breeding, of every occupation. Indeed this is also the popular practice in Great Britain. Hence,

3. A man of good breeding, politeness, and civil manners, as distinguished from the vulgar and clownish.

A plowman on his legs is higher than a gentleman on his knees.

Franklin.

4. A term of complaisance. In the plural, the appellation by which men are addressed in popular assemblies, whatever may be their condition or character.

5. In Great Britain, the servant of a man of rank, who attends his person.

Camden.

Gentlemanlike

GEN'TLEMANLIKE, or GEN'TLEMANLY, adjective Pertaining to or becoming a gentleman, or a man of good family and breeding; polite; complaisant; as gentlemanly manners.

3. Like a man of birth and good breeding; as a gentlemanly officer.

Gentlemanliness

GEN'TLEMANLINESS, noun Behavior of a well bred man.

Sherwood.

Gentleness

GEN'TLENESS, noun [See Gentle.] Dignity of birth. [Little used.]

2. Genteel behavior. Obs.

3. Softness of manners; mildness of temper; sweetness of disposition; meekness.

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith. Galatians 5.

4. Kindness; benevolence. Obs.

Shak.

5. Tenderness; mild treatment.

Gentleship

GEN'TLESHIP, noun The deportment of a gentleman. Obs.

Ascham.

Gentlewoman

GEN'TLEWOMAN, noun [gentle and woman.]

A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar.

2. A woman who waits about the person of one of high rank.

3. A term of civility to a female, sometimes ironical.

Dryden.

Gently

GEN'TLY, adverb Softly; meekly; mildly; with tenderness.

My mistress gently chides the fault I made.

Dryden.

2. Without violence, roughness or asperity.

Shak.

Gentoo

GENTOO', noun A native of India or Hindoostan; one who follows the religion of the Bramins.

Encyc.

Gentry

GEN'TRY, noun Birth; condition; rank by birth.

Shak.

2. People of education and good breeding. In Great Britain, the classes of people between the nobility and the vulgar.

3. A term of civility; civility; complaisance. Obs.

Genuflection

GENUFLEC'TION, noun [Latin genu, the knee, and flectio, a bending.]

The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship.

Stillingfleet.

Genuine

GEN'UINE, adjective [Latin genuinus, from genus, or its root. See Gender.]

Native; belonging to the original stock; hence, real; natural; true; pure; not spurious, false or adulterated. The Gaels are supposed to be genuine descendants of the Celts. Vices and crimes are the genuine effects of depravity, as virtue and piety are the genuine fruits of holiness. It is supposed we have the genuine text of Homer.

Genuinely

GEN'UINELY, adverb Without adulteration or foreign admixture; naturally.

Boyle.

Genuineness

GEN'UINENESS, noun The state of being native, or of the true original; hence, freedom from adulteration or foreign admixture; freedom from any thing false or counterfeit; purity; reality; as the genuineness of Livy's history; the genuineness of faith or repentance.

Genus

GE'NUS, noun plu. genuses or genera. [Latin genus, Greek, Irish gein, offspring, race or family, Sanscrit jana; hence, kind, sort. See Gender.]

1. In logic, that which has several species under it; a class of a greater extent than species; a universal which is predicable of several things of different species.

Cyc.

2. In natural history, an assemblage of species possessing certain characters in common, by which they are distinguished from all others. It is subordinate to class and order, and in some arrangements, to tribe and family. A single species, possessing certain peculiar characters, which belong to no other species, may also constitute a genus; as the camelopard, and the flamingo.

3. In botany, a genus is a subdivision containing plants of the same class and order, which agree in their parts of fructification.

Martyn.

Geocentric

GEOCEN'TRIC, adjective [Greek, earth, and, center.]

Having the earth for its center, or the same center with the earth. The word is applied to a planet or its orbit.

Harris. Encyc.

Geode

GE'ODE, noun [Greek, earthy, from or, earth. Plin. goedes, Lib. 36. 19.]

In mineralogy, a round or roundish lump of agate or other mineral, or a mere incrustation. Its interior is sometimes empty, and in this case the sides of its cavity are lined with crystals, as in agate balls. Sometimes it contains a solid movable nucleus; and sometimes it is filled with an earthy matter different from the envelop.

Cleaveland.

Geodesy

GE'ODESY, noun [Greek; the earth, and, to divide.]

That part of geometry which respects the doctrine of measuring surfaces, and finding the contents of all plain figures.

Harris.

Geodetic

GEODET'IC, or GEODET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the art of measuring surfaces.

Geognost

GE'OGNOST, noun [See Geognosy.] One versed in geognosy; a geologist.

Geognostic

GEOGNOS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological.

Geognosy

GE'OGNOSY, noun [Greek, the earth, and, knowledge.]

That part of natural history which treats of the structure of the earth. It is the science of the substances which compose the earth or its crust, their structure, position, relative situation, and properties.

Cleaveland.

[This word originated among the German mineralogists, and is nearly synonymous with geology. But some writers consider geognosy as only a branch of geology; including in the latter, hydrography, geogony, meteorology and even geography.]

Geogony

GEOG'ONY, noun [Greek, the earth, and, generation.] The doctrine of the formation of the earth.

Geographer

GEOG'RAPHER, noun [See Geography.] One who describes that part of this globe or earth, which is exhibited upon the surface, as the continents, isles, ocean, seas, lakes, rivers, mountains, countries, &c. One who is versed in geography, or one who compiles a treatise on the subject.

Geographic

GEOGRAPH'IC, or GEOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Relating to or containing a description of the terraqueous globe; pertaining to geography.

Geographically

GEOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In a geographical manner; according to the usual practice of describing the surface of the earth.

Geography

GEOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, the earth, and, to write, to describe.]

1. Properly, a description of the earth or terrestrial globe, particularly of the divisions of its surface, natural and artificial, and of the position of the several countries, kingdoms, states, cities, &c. As a science, geography includes the doctrine or knowledge of the astronomical circles or divisions of the sphere, by which the relative position of places on the globe may be ascertained, and usually treatises of geography contain some account of the inhabitants of the earth, of their government, manners, &c., and an account of the principal animals, plants and minerals.

2. A book containing a description of the earth.

Geological

GEOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Geology.] Pertaining to geology; relating to the science of the earth or terraqueous globe.

Geologist

GEOL'OGIST, noun One versed in the science of geology.

Geology

GEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, the earth, and, discourse.]

The doctrine or science of the structure of the earth or terraqueous globe, and of the substances which compose it; or the science of the compound minerals or aggregate substances which compose the earth, the relations which the several constituent masses bear to each other, their formation, structure, position and direction: it extends also to the various alterations and decompositions to which minerals are subject.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cleaveland.

Geomancer

GE'OMANCER, noun [See Geomancy.] One who foretells or divines, by means of lines, figures or points on the ground or on paper.

Encyc.

Geomancy

GE'OMANCY, noun [Greek, the earth, and, divination.]

A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth and afterwards on paper.

Encyc.

Geomantic

GEOMAN'TIC, adjective Pertaining to geomancy.

Geometer

GEOM'ETER, noun [Greek. See Geometry.]

One skilled in geometry. [See Geometrician, which is generally used.]

Watts.

Geometral

GEOM'ETRAL, adjective Pertaining to geometry.

Geometric

GEOMET'RIC, or GEOMET'RICAL, adjective [Greek.] Pertaining to geometry.

2. According to the rules or principles of geometry; done by geometry.

3. Disposed according to geometry.

Geometrical progression, is when the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios; as 2. 4. 8. 16. 32. or 32. 16. 8. 4. 2.

Geometrically

GEOMET'RICALLY, adverb According to the rules or laws of geometry.

Geometrician

GEOMETRI'CIAN, noun One skilled in geometry; a geometer.

Watts.

Geometrize

GEOM'ETRIZE, verb transitive To act according to the laws of geometry; to perform geometrically.

Boyle.

Geometry

GEOM'ETRY, noun [Greek; the earth, and, measure.]

Originally and properly, the art of measuring the earth, or any distances or dimensions on it. But geometry now denotes the science of magnitude in general, comprehending the doctrine and relations of whatever is susceptible of augmentation and diminution; as the mensuration of lines, surfaces, solids, velocity, weight, &c. with their various relations.

Bailey. Encyc.

Geoponic

GEOPON'IC, adjective [Greek, the earth, and, labor.]

Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture. [Now little used.]

Geoponics

GEOPON'ICS, noun The art or science of cultivating the earth.

Evelyn.

Georama

GE'ORAMA, noun [Greek, the earth, and, view.]

An instrument or machine which exhibits a very complete view of the earth, lately invented in Paris. It is a hollow sphere of forty feet diameter, formed by thirty six bars of iron representing the parallels and meridians, and covered with a bluish cloth, intended to represent seas and lakes. The land, mountains and rivers are painted on paper and pasted on this cover.

Journ. of Science.

George

GEORGE, noun A figure of St. George on horseback, worn by knights of the garter.

Shak.

2. A brown loaf.

Dryden.

George-Noble

GEORGE-NOBLE, noun A gold coin in the time of Henry VIII. of the value of 6s. 8d. sterling.

Georgic

GEOR'GIC, noun [Greek, rustic; and, labor.]

A rural poem; a poetical composition on the subject of husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, in a poetical dress; as the Georgics of Virgil.

Georgic

GEOR'GIC, adjective Relating to the doctrine of agriculture and rural affairs.

Georgium Sidus

GEORGIUM SIDUS. [See Herschel.]

Geoscopy

GEOS'COPY, noun [Greek and.]

Knowledge of the earth, ground or soil, obtained by inspection.

Chambers.

Geranium

GERA'NIUM, noun [Latin from Greek, from, a crane.]

Crane's-bill, a genus of plants, of numerous species, some of which are cultivated for their fragrance or the beauty of their flowers.

Gerent

GE'RENT, adjective [Latin gerens.] Bearing; used in Vicegerent.

Gerfalcon

GERFALCON. [See Gyrfalcon.]

Germ

GERM, noun [Latin germen.] In botany, the ovary or seed-bud of a plant, the rudiment of fruit yet in embryo. It is the base or lower part of the pistil, which, in the progress of vegetation, swells and becomes the seed-vessel.

Martyn. Milne.

2. Origin; first principle; that from which any thing springs; as the germ of civil liberty, or of prosperity.

German

GER'MAN, adjective [Latin germanus, a brother; French germain.]

1. Cousins german, are the sons or daughters of brothers or sisters; first cousins.

2. Related. Obs.

Shak.

German

GER'MAN, adjective Belonging to Germany.

German

GER'MAN, noun A native of Germany; and by ellipsis, the German language.

Germander

GERMAN'DER, n, A plant, or rather the name of several plants, as the rock germander, of the genus Veronica, and the common and water germander, of the genus Teucrium.

Germanic

GERMAN'IC, adjective Pertaining to Germany; as the Germanic body or confederacy.

Germanism

GER'MANISM, noun An idiom of the German language.

Chesterfield.

Germen

GERM'EN, noun plu. germens. Now contracted to germ, which see.

Germinal

GERM'INAL, adjective [from germen. See Germ.] Pertaining to a germ or seed-bud.

Med. Repos.

Germinant

GERM'INANT, adjective Sprouting.

Germinate

GERM'INATE, verb intransitive [Latin germino, from germen.]

To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed.

Bacon.

Germinate

GERM'INATE, verb transitive To cause to sprout. [Unusual.]

Price.

Germination

GERMINA'TION, noun The act of sprouting; the first beginning of vegetation in a seed or plant.

2. The time in which seeds vegetate, after being planted or sown.

Martyn.

Gerocomical

GEROCOM'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to gerocomy. [Little used.]

Smith.

Gerocomy

GEROC'OMY, noun [Greek and.] That part of medicine which treats of the proper regimen for old people.

Gerund

GER'UND, noun [Latin gerundium, from gero, to bear.]

In the Latin grammar, a kind of verbal noun, partaking of the nature of a participle.

Encyc.

Gesling

GESLING, for gosling. [Not in use.]

Gest

GEST, noun [Latin gestum, from gero, to carry, to do.]

1. A deed, action or achievment. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Show; representation. Obs.

3. [French gÃƒ-®te, for giste, from gesir, to lie.] A stage in travelling; so much of a journey as is made without resting; or properly, a rest; a stop. Obs.

Brown.

4. A roll or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in the journeys of the English kings, many of which are extant in the herald's office.

Hanmer.

Gestation

GESTA'TION, noun [Latin gestatio, from gero, to carry.]

1. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.

Ray. Coxe.

2. The act of wearing, as clothes or ornaments.

Brown.

3. The act of carrying sick persons in carriages, as a salutary exercise, by which fevers have often been cured.

Med. Repos.

Gestatory

GES'TATORY, adjective That may be carried or worn.

Brown.

Gestic

GES'TIC, adjective Pertaining to deeds; legendary.

Goldsmith.

Gesticulate

GESTIC'ULATE, verb intransitive [Latin gesticulor, from gestum, gero, to bear or carry, or gestio.]

To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.

Herbert.

Gesticulate

GESTIC'ULATE, verb transitive To imitate; to act.

B. Jonson.

Gesticulation

GESTICULA'TION, noun [Latin gesticulatio.]

1. The act of making gestures, to express passion or enforce sentiments.

2. Gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments.

3. Antic tricks or motions.

Gesticulator

GESTIC'ULATOR, noun One that shows postures, or makes gestures.

Gesticulatory

GESTIC'ULATORY, adjective Representing in gestures.

Warton.

Gesture

GES'TURE, noun [Latin gestus, from gero, to bear, to do; French geste.]

1. A motion of the body or limbs, expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce an argument or opinion. It consists chiefly in the actions or movements of the hands and face, and should be suited to the subject.

Encyc.

2. Movement of the body or limbs.

Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love.

Milton.

Gesture

GES'TURE, verb transitive To accompany with gesture or action.

Hooker. Wotton.

Get

GET, verb transitive pret. got, [gat, obs.] pp. got, gotten. [Saxon getan, gytan or geatan, to get; agytan, to know or understand; angitan, andgitan, to find, to understand. The Danish has forgietter, to forget, but gietter signifies to guess, or to suppose, to think; the Swedish also has f?rg?ta, to forget, to give to oblivion, ex animo ejicere. The simple verb gietter, g?ta, coincides with the Dutch gieten, German giessen, to cast, to pour out, to found, as vessels of metal, Saxon geotan. To get, then, is primarily, to throw, and with respect to acquisition, it is to rush on and seize. The Italian has cattare, to get; raccattare, to regain, to acquire. Qu. Spanish rescatar, Portugese resgatar, to redeem, to ransom. See Rescue.]

1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of, by almost any means. We get favor by kindness; we get wealth by industry and economy; we get land by purchase; we get praise by good conduct; and we get blame by doing injustice. The merchant should get a profit on his goods; the laborer should get a due reward for his labor; most men get what they can for their goods or for their services. Get differs from acquire, as it does not always express permanence of possession, which is the appropriate sense of acquire. We get a book or a loaf of bread by borrowing, we do not acquire it; but we get or acquire an estate.

2. To have.

Thou hast got the face of a man.

Herbert.

This is a most common, but gross abuse of this word. We constantly hear it said, I have got no corn, I have got no money, she has got a fair complexion, when the person means only, I have no corn, I have no money, she has a fair complexion.

3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.

Locke.

4. To learn; as, to get a lesson.

5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.

Though the king could not get him to engage in a life of business.

Spectator.

[This is not elegant.]

6. To procure to be. We could not get the work done. [Not elegant.]

To get off, to put off; to take or pull off; as, to get off a garment: also, to remove; as, to get off a ship from shoals.

2. To sell; to dispose of; as, to get off goods.

To get on, to put on; to draw or pull on; as, to get on a coat; to get on boots.

To get in, to collect and shelter; to bring under cover; as, to get in corn.

To get out, to draw forth; as, to get out a secret.

2. To draw out; to disengage.

To get the day, to win; to conquer; to gain the victory.

To get together, to collect; to amass.

To get over, to surmount; to conquer; to pass without being obstructed; as, to get over difficulties: also, to recover; as, to get over sickness.

To get above, to surmount; to surpass.

To get up, to prepare and introduce upon the stage; to bring forward.

With a pronoun following, it signifies to betake; to remove; to go; as, get you to bed; get thee out of the land. But this mode of expression can hardly be deemed elegant.

Get

GET, verb intransitive To arrive at any place or state; followed by some modifying word, and sometimes implying difficulty or labor; as,

To get away or away from, to depart; to quit; to leave; or to disengage one's self from.

To get among, to arrive in the midst of; to become one of a number.

To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward.

To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag.

To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return.

To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment.

To get down, to descend; to come from an elevation.

To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling.

To get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed body; to pass in; to insinuate one's self.

To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement.

To get off, to escape; to depart; to get clear; also, to alight; to descend from.

To get out, to depart from an inclosed place or from confinement; to escape; to free one's self from embarrassment.

To get along, to proceed; to advance.

To get rid of, to disengage one's self from; also, to shift off; to remove.

To get together, to meet; to assemble; to convene.

To get up, to arise; to rise from a bed or a seat; also, to ascend; to climb.

To get through, to pass through and reach a point beyond any thing; also, to finish; to accomplish.

To get quit of, to get rid of; to shift off, or to disengage one's self from.

To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth.

To get near, to approach within a small distance.

To get ahead, to advance; to prosper.

To get on, to proceed; to advance.

To get a mile or other distance, to pass over it in traveling.

To get at, to reach; to make way to.

To get asleep, to fall asleep.

To get drunk, to become intoxicated.

To get between, to arrive between.

To get to, to reach; to arrive.

Getter

GET'TER, noun One who gets, gains, obtains or acquires.

2. One who begets or procreates.

Getting

GET'TING, participle of the present tense Obtaining; procuring; gaining; winning; begetting.

Getting

GET'TING, noun The act of obtaining, gaining or acquiring; acquisition.

Get wisdom; and with all thy getting, get understanding. Proverbs 4.

2. Gain; profit.

Swift.

Gewgaw

GEW'GAW, noun [Qu. Saxon ge-gaf, a trifle, or French joujou, a plaything, or from the root of gaud, joy, jewel.]

A showy trifle; a pretty thing of little worth; a toy; a bauble; a splendid plaything.

A heavy gewgaw, called a crown.

Dryden.

Gewgaw

GEW'GAW, adjective Showy without value.

Law.

Ghastful

GH`ASTFUL, adjective [See Ghastly.] Dreary; dismal; fit for walking ghosts. Obs.

Spenser.

Ghastfully

GH`ASTFULLY, adverb Frightfully.

Pope.

Ghastliness

GH`ASTLINESS, noun [from ghastly.] Horror of countenance; a deathlike look; resemblance of a ghost; paleness.

Ghastly

GH`ASTLY, adjective [Saxon gastlic, from gast, spirit, German geist, Dutch geest. In Saxon gast is both a ghost and a guest, both from the same radical sense, to move, to rush; Irish gaisim, to flow; gush, gust.]

1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; dismal; as a ghastly face; ghastly smiles.

Milton.

2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful.

Mangled with ghastly wounds.

Milton.

Ghastness

GH`ASTNESS, noun Ghastliness. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gherkin

GHER'KIN, noun [German gurke, a cucumber.] A small pickled cucumber.

Skinner.

Ghess

GHESS, for guess. [Not used.]

Ghost

GHOST, noun [Saxon gast; German geist; Dutch geest; Irish gasda. See Ghastly.]

1. Spirit; the soul of man.

Shak.

In this sense seldom used. But hence,

2. The soul of a deceased person; the soul or spirit separate from the body; an apparition.

The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose.

Dryden.

To give up the ghost, is to die; to yield up the breath or spirit; to expire.

Scripture.

The Holy Ghost, is the third person in the adorable Trinity.

Scripture.

Ghost

GHOST, verb intransitive To die; to expire. Obs.

Sidney.

Ghost

GHOST, verb transitive To haunt with an apparition. Obs.

Shak.

Ghostlike

GHOSTLIKE, adjective Withered; having sunken eyes; ghastly.

Sherwood.

Ghostliness

GHOSTLINESS, noun Spiritual tendency. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Ghostly

GHOSTLY, adjective Spiritual; relating to the soul; not carnal or secular.

Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies.

Com. Prayer.

2. Spiritual; having a character from religion; as a ghostly father.

Shak.

3. Pertaining to apparitions.

Akenside.

Giallolino

GIALLOLINO, noun [Italian giallo; yellow.] A fine yellow pigment much used under the name of Naples Yellow.

Encyc.

Giambeaux

GIAM'BEAUX, noun [French jambe, the leg.] Greaves; armor for the legs. Obs.

Giant

GI'ANT, noun [French geant; Spanish gigante; Italian id.; Latin gigas; Greek, probably from, the earth, and or. The word originally signified earth-born, terrigena. The ancients believed the first inhabitants of the earth to be produced from the ground and to be of enormous size.]

1. A man of extraordinary bulk and stature.

Giants of mighty bone, and bold emprise.

Milton.

2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. The judge is a giant in his profession.

Giants-causey, a vast collection of basaltic pillars in the county of Antrim, in Ireland.

Encyc.

Giant

GI'ANT, adjective Like a giant; extraordinary in size or strengh; as giant brothers; a giant son.

Dryden. Pope.

Giantess

GI'ANTESS, noun A female giant; a female of extraordinary size and stature.

Shak.

Giantie

GI'ANTIE, verb intransitive To play the giant.

Sherwood.

Giant-Killing

GI'ANT-KILLING, adjective Killing or destroying giants.

Cowper.

Giantlike

GI'ANTLIKE, or GI'ANTLY, adjective Of unusual size; resembling a giant in bulk or stature; gigantic; huge.

South.

[Giantly is not much used.]

Giantry

GI'ANTRY, noun The race of giants. [Little used.]

Giantship

GI'ANTSHIP, noun The state, quality or character of a giant.

His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen.

Milton.

Gib

GIB, noun A cat. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Gib

GIB, verb intransitive To act like a cat. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Gibbe

GIBBE, noun An old worn-out animal. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gibber

GIB'BER, verb intransitive [See Gabble. It is probably allied to gabble, and to jabber.]

To speak rapidly and inarticulately. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gibberish

GIB'BERISH, noun [from gibber.] Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words.

Gibberish

GIB'BERISH, adjective Unmeaning, as words.

Swift.

Gibbet

GIB'BET, noun [French gibet; Armoric gibel.] A gallows; a post or machine in form of a gallows, on which notorious malefactors are hanged in chains, and on which their bodies are suffered to remain, as spectacles in terrorem.

Swift.

2. Any traverse beam.

Johnson.

Gibbet

GIB'BET, verb transitive To hang and expose on a gibbet or gallows.

2. To hang or expose on any thing going travers, as the beam of a gibbet.

Shak.

Gibbeted

GIB'BETED, participle passive Hanged and exposed on a gibbet.

Gibbeting

GIB'BETING, participle of the present tense Hanging and exposing on a gibbet.

Gibbier

GIB'BIER, noun [French] Wild fowl; game. [Not used.]

Addison.

Gibbosity

GIBBOS'ITY, noun [French gibbositÃƒ-©, from Latin gibbosus. See Gibbous.]

Protuberance; a round or swelling prominence; convexity.

Ray.

Gibbous

GIB'BOUS, adjective [Latin gibbus; French gibbeux; Italian gibboso; Spanish giboso; Greek, from, to bend. Class Gb. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.]

1. Swelling; protuberant; convex. The moon is gibbous between the quarters and the full moon; the enlightened part being then convex.

The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member.

Wiseman.

2. Hunched; hump-backed; crook-backed.

Brown.

Gibbously

GIB'BOUSLY, adverb In a gibbous or protuberant form.

Eaton.

Gibbousness

GIB'BOUSNESS, noun Protuberance; a round prominence; convexity. [This word is preferable to gibbosity.]

Gibbsite

GIBBS'ITE, noun A mineral found at Richmond, in Massachusetts, and named in honor of George Gibbs, Esq. It occurs in irregular stalactical masses, which present an aggregation of elongated, tuberous branches, parallel and united. Its structure is fibrous, the fibers radiating from an axis. Its colors are a dirty white, greenish white and grayish.

Cleaveland.

Gibcat

GIB'CAT, noun A he-cat, or an old worn-out cat.

Shak.

Gibe

GIBE, verb intransitive [Sax, gabban; French gaber; Italian gabbare. See Gabble. The sense is probably to throw or cast at, or make mouths. But see Class Gb. No. 67. 79.]

To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail at; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.

Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.

Swift.

Gibe

GIBE, verb transitive To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to treat with sarcastic reflections; to taunt.

Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them.

Swift.

Gibe

GIBE, noun An expression of censure mingled with contempt; a scoff; a railing; an expression of sarcastic scorn.

Mark the fleers, the gibes, and the notable scorns,

That dwell in every region of his face.

Shak.

Gibeline

GIB'ELINE, noun The Gibelines were a faction in Italy, that opposed another faction called Guelfs, in the 13th century.

J. Adams.

Giber

GI'BER, noun One who utters reproachful, censorious and contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic reflections; one who derides; a scoffer.

B. Jonson.

Gibing

GI'BING, participle of the present tense Uttering reproachful, contemptuous and censorious words; scoffing.

Gibingly

GI'BINGLY, adverb With censorious, sarcastic and contemptuous expressions; scornfully.

Shak.

Giblets

GIB'LETS, noun [Qu. French gibier, game, or Gothic gibla, a wing. See Gip.]

The entrails of a goose or other fowl, as the heart, liver, gizzard, &c.; a considerable article in cookery; as, to boil or stew giblets. It is used only in the plural, except in composition; as a giblet-pie.

Gibstaff

GIB'STAFF, noun A staff to gauge water or to push a boat; formerly, a staff used in fighting beasts on the stage.

Dict.

Giddily

GID'DILY, adverb [See Giddy.] With the head seeming to turn or reel.

2. Inconstantly; unsteadily; with various turnings; as, to roam about giddily.

Donne.

3. Carelessly; heedlessly; negligently.

Shak.

Giddiness

GID'DINESS, noun The state of being giddy or vertiginous; vertigo; a sensation of reeling or whirling, when the body loses the power of preserving its balance or a steady attitude, or when objects at rest appear to reel, tremble or whirl; a swimming of the head.

2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness; mutability.

Bacon.

3. Frolick; wantonness; levity.

Donne. South.

Giddy

GID'DY, adjective [Saxon gidig. Class Gd.] Vertiginous; reeling; whirling; having in the head a sensation of a circular motion or swimming; or having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall, as in the case of some diseases and of drunkenness. In walking on timber aloft, or looking down a precipice, we are apt to be giddy.

2. That renders giddy; that induces giddiness; as a giddy highth; a giddy precipice.

Prior.

3. Rotary; whirling; running round with celerity.

The giddy motion of the whirling mill.

Pope.

4. Inconstant; unstable; changeable.

You are as giddy and volatile as ever.

Swift.

5. Heedless; thoughtless; wild; roving.

Rowe.

6. Tottering; unfixed.

As we have paced along Upon the giddy footing of the hatches.

Shak.

7. Intoxicated; elated to thoughtlessness; rendered wild by excitement or joy.

Art thou not giddy with the fashion too?

Shak.

Giddy

GID'DY, verb intransitive To turn quick.

Chapman.

Giddy

GID'DY, verb transitive To make reeling or unsteady.

Farindon.

Giddy-Brained

GID'DY-BRAINED, adjective Careless; thoughtless; unsteady.

Otway.

Giddy-Head

GID'DY-HEAD, noun A person without thought or judgment.

Giddy-Headed

GID'DY-HEADED, adjective Heedless; unsteady; volatile; incautious.

Donne.

Giddy-Paced

GID'DY-PACED, adjective Moving irregularly.

Shak.

Gie

GIE, a contraction of guide. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Gier-Eagle

GIE'R-EAGLE, noun [Qu. Dutch gier, a vulture.] A fowl of the eagle kind, mentioned in Leviticus ii.

Gieseckite

GIE'SECKITE, noun A mineral of a rhomboidal form and compact texture, of a gray or brown color, and nearly as hard as calcarious spar.

Cleaveland.

Gif

GIF, verb transitive [from Saxon gifan.] The old but true spelling of if.

Gift

GIFT, noun [from give.] A present; any thing given or bestowed; any thing, the property of which is voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a donation. It is applicable to any thing movable or immovable.

2. The act of giving or conferring.

Milton.

3. The right or power of giving or bestowing. The prince has the gift of many lucrative offices.

4. An offering or oblation.

If thou bring thy gift to the altar. Matthew 5.

5. A reward.

Let thy gifts be to thyself. Danish v.

6. A bribe; any thing given to corrupt the judgment.

Neither take a gift; for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise. Deuteronomy 16.

7. Power; faculty; some quality or endowment conferred by the author of our nature; as the gift of wit; the gift of ridicule.

Addison.

Gift

GIFT, verb transitive To endow with any power or faculty.

Gifted

GIFT'ED, participle passive or adjective Endowed by nature with any power or faculty; furnished with any particular talent.

Giftedness

GIFT'EDNESS, noun The state of being gifted.

Echard.

Gifting

GIFT'ING, participle of the present tense Endowing with any power or faculty.

Gig

GIG, verb transitive [Latin gigno.] To engender. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

2. To fish with a gig or fishgig.

Gig

GIG, noun [Italian giga, a jig; French gigue, a jig, a romp; Swedish giga, a jews-harp; Icelandic gigia, a fiddle.]

1. Any little thing that is whirled round in play.

Locke.

2. A light carriage with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a chair or chaise.

3. A fiddle.

4. A dart or harpoon. [See Fishgig.]

5. A ship's boat.

6. A wanton girl.

Gigantean

GIGANTE'AN, adjective [Latin giganteus. See Giant.] Like a giant; mighty.

More.

Gigantic

GIGAN'TIC, adjective [Latin giganticus.] Of extraordinary size; very large; huge; like a giant. A man of gigantic stature.

2. Enormous; very great or mighty; as gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness.

Gigantical and gigantine, for gigantic, rarely or never used.

Gigantology

GIGANTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a giant, and, discourse.] An account or description of giants.

Giggle

GIG'GLE, noun [Saxon geagl; Scot. geck.] A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath.

Giggle

GIG'GLE, verb intransitive [Dutch gichgelen; Saxon geagl, a laugh or sneer, and gagol, sportive, wanton; Italian ghignare, to simper; ghignazzare, to laugh or grin. In Irish giglim is to tickle; Greek.]

To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a silly, puerile manner; to titter; to grin with childish levity or mirth.

Garrick.

Giggler

GIG'GLER, noun One that giggles or titters.

Giglet

GIG'LET, or GIG'LOT, noun [Saxon geagl, wanton; French giguer, to romp, to frisk. See Gig.] A wanton; a lascivious girl.

Shak.

Giglot

GIG'LOT, adjective Giddy; light; inconstant; wanton.

Shak.

Gigot

GIG'OT, noun [French] The hip-joint; also, a slice. [Not English.]

Gilbertine

GIL'BERTINE, noun One of a religious order, so named from Gilbert, lord of Sempringham, in Lincolnshire, England.

Gilbertine

GIL'BERTINE, adjective Belonging to the monastic order, mentioned above.

Weever.

Gild

GILD, verb transitive pret. and pp. gilded or gilt. [Saxon gildan, gyldan, geldan, to pay a debt, to gild, and gild, tribute, tax, toll; Dutch and German geld, money; Danish gield, a debt; Swedish g?ld. To gild is to cover with gold; German vergolden; Dutch vergulden; Danish forgylder; Swedish f?rgylla; from gold, or its root, Danish

guul, Swedish gul, Saxon gealew, yellow, connected with Irish geal, Welsh golau, light, bright. Class Gl. No. 6. 7.]

2. To overlay with gold, either in leaf or powder, or in amalgam with quicksilver; to overspread with a thin covering of gold; as the gilt frame of a mirror.

Cyc.

Her joy in gilded chariots when alive. And love of ombre after death survive.

Pope.

2. To cover with any yellow matter.

Shak.

3. To adorn with luster; to render bright.

No more the rising sun shall gild the morn.

Pope.

4. To illuminate; to brighten.

South.

Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day.

Trumbull.

5. To give a fair and agreeable external appearance; to recommend to favor and reception by superficial decoration; as, to gild flattery or flasehood.

Gilded

GILD'ED, participle passive Overlaid with gold leaf or liquid; illuminated.

Gilder

GILD'ER, noun One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay things with gold.

2. A Dutch coin of the value of 20 stivers, about 38 cents, or one shilling and ninepence sterling. It is usually written guilder.

Gilding

GILD'ING, participle of the present tense Overlaying with gold; giving a fair external appearance.

Gilding

GILD'ING, noun The art or practice of overlaying things with gold leaf or liquid.

2. That which is laid on in overlaying with gold.

Gill

GILL, noun [Swedish gel; Spanish agalla, a gland in the throat, a gall-nut, a wind-gall on a horse, the beak of a shuttle, and the gill of a fish; Portugese guelra or guerra. Hence it would seem that gill is a shoot or prominence, the fringe-like substance, not the aperture. In Danish, gilder signifies to geld, and to cut off the gills of herrings, and in Scot. gil or gul is a crack or fissure.]

1. The organ of respiration in fishes, consisting of a cartilaginous or bony arch, attached to the bones of the head, and furnished on the exterior convex side with a multitude of fleshy leaves, or fringed vascular fibrils, resembling plumes, and of a red color in a healthy state. The water is admitted by the gill-opening, and acts upon the blood as it circulates in the fibrils. Other animals also breathe by gills, as frogs in their tadpole state, lobsters, &c.

Ed. Encyc.

Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills.

Ray.

2. The flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl.

Bacon.

3. The flesh under the chin.

Bacon. Swift.

4. In England, a pair of wheels and a frame on which timber is conveyed. [Local.]

Gill-Flap

GILL-FLAP, noun A membrane attached to the posterior edge of the gill-lid, immediately closing the gill-opening.

Gill-Lid

GILL-LID, noun The covering of the gills.

Gill-Opening

GILL-OPENING, noun The aperture of a fish or other animal, by which water is admitted to the gills.

Ed. Encyc.

Gill

GILL, noun [Low Latin gilla, gillo or gello, a drinking glass, a gill. This word has the same elementary letters as Greek, a pail or bucket, and gallon, probably from one of the roots in Gl, which signify to hold or contain.]

1. A measure of capacity, containing the fourth part of a pint. It is said to be in some places in England, half a pint.

Encyc.

2. A measure among miners, equal to a pint.

Carew.

Gill

GILL, noun A plant, ground-ivy, of the genus Glechoma.

Fam. of Plants.

2. Malt liquor medicated with ground-ivy.

Gill

GILL, noun [In Swedish gilja signifies to woo.]

1. In ludicrous language, a female; a wanton girl.

Each Jack with his Gill.

B. Jonson.

2. A fissure in a hill; also, a place between steep banks and a rivulet flowing through it; a brook.

Ray. Grose.

Gillhouse

GILLHOUSE, noun A place where gill is sold.

Pope.

Gillian

GIL'LIAN, noun A wanton girl. Obs.

Beaum.

Gillyflower

GIL'LYFLOWER, noun [supposed to be a corruption of July-flower. But qu. is it not a corruption of French giroflÃƒ-©e, giroflier. The corresponding word in Armoric is genofles or genoflen.]

The name of certain plants. The clove gillyflower is of the genus Dianthus, or carnation pink; the stock gillyflower is the Cheiranthus; the queen's gillyflower is the Hesperis.

Fam. of Plants.

Gilse

GILSE, noun A young salmon.

Gilt

GILT, participle passive of gild. Overlaid with gold leaf, or washed with gold; illuminated; adorned.

Gilt

GILT, noun Gold laid on the surface of a thing; gilding.

Shak.

2. In England, a young female pig.

Cyc.

Gilthead

GILT'HEAD, noun [gilt and head.] In ichthyology, a fish or a genus of fishes, the Sparus, of many species; so named from their color, or from a golden spot between the eyes.

Encyc.

2. A bird.

Hakewill.

Gilttail

GILTTAIL, noun A worm so called from its yellow tail.

Johnson.

Gim

GIM, adjective [contracted from gemmy.] Neat; spruce; well dressed.

Gimbal

GIM'BAL, noun A brass ring by which a sea compass is suspended in its box, by means of which the card is kept in a horizontal position, notwithstanding the rolling of the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Gimblet

GIMB'LET, noun [French gibelet; Armoric guymeled. Gimblet seems to be the same word as wimble, with the Celtic pronunciation, guimble, and if m is casual, and the primary word is gibelet or guibelet, the elements of the word coincide with wabble, quibble, and with the Welsh gwib, a serpentine motion, gwibiaw, to wander, to move in a circular direction, gwiber, a serpent, a viper, and the primary sense is to turn.]

A borer; a small instrument with a pointed screw at the end, for boring holes in wood by turning. It is applied only to small instruments; a large instrument of the like kind is called an auger.

Gimblet

GIMB'LET, verb transitive In seamen's language, to turn round an anchor by the stock; a motion resembling that of the turning of a gimblet.

Mar. Dict.

Gimcrack

GIM'CRACK, noun A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.

Prior. Arbuthnot.

Gimmal

GIM'MAL, noun Some device or machinery.

Shak.

Gimmal

GIM'MAL, adjective Consisting of links.

Shak.

Gimmer

GIM'MER, noun Movement or machinery. Obs.

More.

Gimp

GIMP, noun [French guiper, to cover or whip about with silk; to whip.] A kind of silk twist or edging.

Gimp

GIMP, adjective [Welsh gwymp.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Not in use.]

Gin

GIN, noun A contraction of Geneva, a distilled spirit. [See Geneva.]

Gin

GIN, noun [A contraction of engine.] A machine or instrument by which the mechanical powers are employed in aid of human strength. The word is applied to various engines, as a machine for driving piles, another for raising weights, &c.; and a machine for separating the seeds from cotton, invented by E. Whitney, is called a cotton-gin. It is also the name given to an engine of torture, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.

2. A trap; a snare.

Milton. Shak.

Gin

GIN, verb transitive To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine which separates them with expedition.

Trans. of Society of Arts.

2. To catch in a trap.

Gin

GIN, verb intransitive To begin. [Saxon gynnan.]

Ginger

GIN'GER, noun [Italian gengiovo; Spanish gengibre; Portugese gengivre; French gingembre; German ingber; Dutch gember; Swedish ingef?ra; Danish ingefer; Latin zinziber; Greek; Armoric zindibel or singebel; Arabic Pers. and Turk. zingibil or zinjibil; Syriac Chaldee nearly the same.]

A plant, or the root of a species of Amomum, a native of the East and West Indies. The roots are jointed, and the stalks rise two or three feet, with narrow leaves. The flower stems arise by the side of these, immediately from the root, naked and ending in an oblong scaly spike. The dried roots are used for various purposes, in the kitchen and in medicine.

Encyc.

Gingerbread

GIN'GERBREAD, noun [ginger and bread.] A kind of cake, composed of flour with an admixture of butter, pearlash and ginger, sweetened.

Gingerly

GIN'GERLY, adverb Nicely; cautiously. [Not used.]

Skelton.

Gingerness

GIN'GERNESS, noun Niceness; tenderness. [Not used.]

Gingham

GING'HAM, noun A kind of striped cotton cloth.

Ginging

GIN'GING, noun In mining, the lining of a mine-shaft with stones or bricks for its support, called steining or staining, which I suppose is from Saxon stan, stone.

Cyc.

Gingival

GIN'GIVAL, adjective [Latin gingiva, the gum.] Pertaining to the gums.

Holder.

Gingle

GIN'GLE, or JIN'GLE, verb intransitive [In Pers. zangl is a little bell. In Chaldee and Syriac is the same. Qu. its alliance to chink and jangle.]

1. To make a sharp clattering sound; to ring as a little bell, or as small pieces of sonorous metal; as gingling halfpence.

Gay.

2. To utter affected or chiming sounds in periods or cadence.

Johnson.

Gingle

GIN'GLE, verb transitive To shake so as to make clattering sounds in quick succession; to ring, as a little bell, or as small coins.

The bells she gingled, and the whistle blew.

Pope.

Gingle

GIN'GLE, noun A shrill clattering sound, or a succession of sharp sounds, as those made by a little bell or by small coins.

2. Affectation in the sounds of periods in reading or speaking, or rather chiming sounds.

Ginglymoid

GIN'GLYMOID, adjective [Greek, a hinge, and, form.] Pertaining to or resembling a ginglymus.

Ginglymus

GIN'GLYMUS, noun [Greek.] In anatomy, a species of articulation resembling a hinge. That species of articulation in which each bone partly receives and is partly received by the other, so as to admit only of flexion and extension, is called angular ginglymus.

Parr.

Ginnet

GIN'NET, noun A nag. [See Jennet.]

Ginseng

GIN'SENG, noun [This word is probably Chinese, and it is said by Grosier, to signify the resemblance of a man, or man's thigh. He observes also that the root in the language of the Iroquois is called garentoquen, which signifies legs and thighs separated.

Grosier's China. i. 534.]

A plant, of the genus Panax, the root of which is in great demand among the Chinese. It is found in the Northern parts of Asia and America, and is an article of export from America to China. It has a jointed, fleshy, taper root, as large as a man's finger, which when dry is of a yellowish white color, with a mucilaginous sweetness in the taste, somewhat resembling that of liquorice, accompanied with a slight bitterness.

Encyc.

Gip

GIP, verb transitive To take out the entrails of herrings.

Bailey.

Gipsey

GIP'SEY, noun The Gipseys are a race of vagabonds which infest Europe, Africa and Asia, strolling about and subsisting mostly by theft, robbery and fortune-telling. The name is supposed to be corrupted from Egyptian, as they were thought to have come from Egypt. But their language indicates that they originated in Hindoostan.

Grellman.

2. A reproachful name for a dark complexion.

Shak.

3. A name of slight reproach to a woman; sometimes implying artifice or cunning.

A slave I am to Clara's eyes:

The gipsey knows her power and flies.

Prior.

Gipsey

GIP'SEY, noun The language of the gipseys.

Gipseyism

GIP'SEYISM, noun The arts and practices of gipseys; deception; cheating; flattery.

Grellman.

2. The state of a gipsey.

Giraff

GIRAFF', noun [Spanish girafa; Italian giraffa; Arabic so called from leaping or the extreme length of its neck, from zarafa, to leap on, to hasten.]

The camelopard, a quadruped. [See Camelopard.]

Girandole

GIR'ANDOLE, noun [Italian girandola, from giro, a turn, and andare, to go.]

A chandelier; a large kind of branched candlestick.

Girasol

GIR'ASOL, noun [French Spanish; Italian girasole; giro, Latin gyrus, a turn, Italian girare, to turn, and sole, Latin sol, the sun.]

1. The turnsole, a plant of the genus Heliotropium.

2. A mineral usually milk white, bluish white or sky blue, but when turned towards the sun or any bright light, it constantly reflects a reddish color; hence its name. It sometimes strongly resembles a translucid jelly.

Cleaveland.

Gird

GIRD, n. gurd. [Saxon geard, or gyrd, or gyrda, a twig, branch, rod, pole, a yard; German gurt, a girth, a girdle; Danish gierde, a hedge, a rail. This word signifies primarily a twig, shoot or branch; hence a pole or stick, used in measuring. In measuring land, among our Saxon ancestors, the gyrd seems to have been a certain measure like our rod, perch or pole, all of which signify the same thing, a branch or shoot, a little pole. We now apply the word yard, to a measure of three feet in length. In rude ages, gyrds, shoots of trees, were used for binding things together, whence the verb to gird. See Withe. Gyrds were also used for driving, or for punishment, as we now use whips; and our common people use gird, for a severe stroke of a stick or whip. See Lye, under gyrd and weal-stylling.]

1. A twitch or pang; a sudden spasm, which resembles the stroke of a rod or the pressure of a band.

2. In popular language, a severe stroke of a stick or whip.

Gird

GIRD, v. t. gurd. pret. and pp. girded or girt. [Saxon gyrdan; German gÃƒ-¼rten; Dutch gorden; Swedish giorda, to gird or surround; Danish gierder, to hedge, to inclose. See the Noun. It is probable, that garden, Irish gort, is from the same root; originally an inclosed field, a piece of ground surrounded with poles, stakes and branches of trees. If the noun is the primary word, the sense of the root is to shoot, as a branch; if the verb is the root, the sense is to surround, or rather to bind or make fast. The former is the most probable.]

1. To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as with a twig, a cord, bandage or cloth; as, to gird the loins with sack-cloth.

2. To make fast by binding; to put on; usually with on; as, to gird on a harness; to gird on a sword.

3. To invest; to surround.

The Son appeared,

Girt with omnipotence.

Milton.

4. To clothe; to dress; to habit.

I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezekiel 16.

5. To furnish; to equip.

Girded with snaky wiles.

Milton.

6. To surround; to encircle; to inclose; to encompass.

The Nyseian isle,

Girt with the river Triton.

Milton.

7. To gibe; to reproach severely; to lash.

Shak.

Gird

GIRD, verb intransitive To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.

Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me.

Shak.

Girded

GIRD'ED, participle passive Bound; surrounded; invested; put on.

Girder

GIRD'ER, noun In architecture, the principal piece of timber in a floor. Its end is usually fastened into the summers or breast summers, and the joists are framed into it at one end. In buildings entirely of timber, the girder is fastened by tenons into the posts.

2. A satirist.

Lilly

Girding

GIRD'ING, participle of the present tense Binding; surrounding investing.

Girding

GIRD'ING, noun A covering. Isaiah 3.

Girdle

GIRD'LE, noun [Saxon gyrdle, gyrdl; S? g?rdel; German gÃƒ-¼rtel; Dutch gordel.]

1. A band or belt; something drawn round the waist of a person, and tied or buckled; as a girdle of fine linen; a leathern girdle.

2. Inclosure; circumference.

Within the girdle of these walls.

Shak.

3. The zodiac.

Bacon.

4. A round iron plate for baking.

Pegge.

Qu. griddle.

5. Among jewelers, the line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon.

Cyc.

Girdle

GIRD'LE, verb transitive To bind with a belt or sash; to gird.

Shak.

2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.

Shak.

3. In America, to make a circular incision, like a belt, through the bark and alburnum of a tree to kill it.

New England. Belknap. Dwight.

Girdle-Belt

GIRD'LE-BELT, noun A belt that encircles the waist.

Dryden.

Girdler

GIRD'LER, noun One who girdles; a maker of girdles.

Beaum.

Girdle-Stead

GIRD'LE-STEAD, noun The part of the body where the girdle is worn.

Mason.

Gire

GIRE, noun [Latin gyrus.] A circle, or circular motion. [See Gyre.]

Girl

GIRL, n. gerl. [Low Latin gerula, a young woman employed in tending children and carrying them about, from gero, to carry; a word probably received from the Romans while in England.]

1. A female child, or young woman. In familiar language, any young unmarried woman.

Dryden.

2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two years old.

Girlhood

GIRL'HOOD, noun The state of a girl. [Little used.]

Miss Seward.

Girlish

GIRL'ISH, adjective Like a young woman or child; befitting a girl.

2. Pertaining to the youth of a female.

Carew.

Girlishly

GIRL'ISHLY, adverb In the manner of a girl.

Girrock

GIR'ROCK, noun A species of gar-fish, the lacertus.

Cyc.

Girt

GIRT, preterit tense and participle passive of gird.

Girt

GIRT, verb transitive To gird; to surround.

Thomson. Tooke.

[This verb, if derived from the noun, girt, may be proper.]

Girt

GIRT, or GIRTH, noun The band or strap by which a saddle or any burden on a horse's back is made fast, by passing under his belly.

2. A circular bandage.

Wiseman.

3. The compass measured by a girth or inclosing bandage.

He's a lusty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girth.

Addison.

Girth

GIRTH, verb transitive To bind with a girth.

Gise

GISE, verb transitive To feed or pasture. [See Agist.]

Gisle

GIS'LE, noun A pledge. [Not in use.]

Gist

GIST, noun [French gesir, to lie; gÃƒ-®te, a lodging-place.]

In law, the main point of a question; the point on which an action rests.

Gith

GITH, noun Guinea pepper.

Gittern

GIT'TERN, noun [Latin cithara.] A guitar. [See Guitar.]

Gittern

GIT'TERN, verb intransitive To play on a gittern.

Milton.

Give

GIVE, v. t. giv. pret. gave; pp. given. [Saxon gifan, gyfan; Gothic giban; German geben; Dutch geeven; Swedish gifva; Danish giver. Hence Saxon gif, Gothic iabai or yabai, now contracted into if. Chaucer wrote yeve, yave. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan to give. See Class Gb. No. 3. 26. 43. The sense of give is generally to pass, or to transfer, that is, to send or throw.]

1. To bestow; to confer; to pass or transfer the title or property of a thing to another person without an equivalent or compensation.

For generous lords had rather give than pay.

Young.

2. To transmit from himself to another by hand, speech or writing; to deliver.

The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. Genesis 3.

3. To impart; to bestow.

Give us of your oil, for our lamps are gone out. Matthew 25.

4. To communicate; as, to give an opinion; to give counsel or advice; to give notice.

5. To pass or deliver the property of a thing to another for an equivalent; to pay. We give the full value of all we purchase. A dollar is given for a day's labor.

What shall a man give in exchange for his soul? Matthew 16.

6. To yield; to lend; in the phrase to give ear, which signifies to listen; to hear.

7. To quit; in the phrase to give place, which signifies to withdraw, or retire to make room for another.

8. to confer; to grant.

What wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless? Genesis 15.

9. To expose; to yield to the power of.

Give to the wanton winds their flowing hair.

Dryden.

10. To grant; to allow; to permit.

It is given me once again to behold my friend.

Rowe.

11. To afford; to supply; to furnish.

Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt-offerings. Exodus 10.

12. To empower; to license; to commission.

Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.

Pope.

But this and similar phrases are probably elliptical; give for give power or license. So in the phrases, give me to understand, give me to know, give the flowers to blow, that is, to give power, to enable.

13. To pay or render; as, to give praise, applause or approbation.

14. To render; to pronounce; as, to give sentence or judgment; to give the word of command.

15. To utter; to vent; as, to give a shout.

16. To produce; to show; to exhibit as a product or result; as, the number of men divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship.

17. To cause to exist; to excite in another; as, to give offense or umbrage; to give pleasure.

18. To send forth; to emit; as, a stone gives sparks with steel.

19. To addict; to apply; to devote one's self, followed by the reciprocal pronoun. The soldiers give themselves to plunder. The passive participle is much used in this sense; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.

Give thyself wholly to them. 1 Timothy 4.

20. To resign; to yield up; often followed by up.

Who say, I care not, those I give for lost.

Herbert.

21. To pledge; as, I give my word that the debt shall be paid.

22. To present for taking or acceptance; as, I give you my hand.

23. To allow or admit by way of supposition.

To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing; to make over to another; to transfer.

Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses, during our lives, is given away from ourselves.

Atterbury.

To give back, to return; to restore.

Atterbury.

To give forth, to publish; to tell; to report publicly.

Hayward.

To give the hand, to yield preeminence, as being subordinate or inferior.

Hooker.

To give in, to allow by way of abatement or deduction from a claim; to yield what may be justly demanded.

To give over, to leave; to quit; to cease; to abandon; as, to give over a pursuit.

2. To addict; to attach to; to abandon.

When the Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice.

Grew.

3. To despair of recovery; to believe to be lost, or past recovery. The physician had given over the patient, or given the patient over.

Addison.

4. To abandon.

Milton.

To give out, to utter publicly; to report; to proclaim; to publish. It was given out that parliament would assemble in November.

2. To issue; to send forth; to publish.

The night was distinguished by the orders which he gave out to his army.

Addison.

3. To show; to exhibit in false appearance.

Shak.

4. To send out; to emit; as, a substance gives out steam or odors.

To give up, to resign; to quit; to yield as hopeless; as, to give up a cause; to give up the argument.

2. To surrender; as, to give up a fortress to an enemy.

3. To relinquish; to cede. In this treaty the Spaniards gave up Louisiana.

4. To abandon; as, to give up all hope. They are given up to believe a lie.

5. To deliver.

And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people to the king. 2 Samuel 24.

To give one's self up, to despair of one's recovery; to conclude to be lost.

2. To resign or devote.

Let us give ourselves wholly up to Christ in heart and desire.

Taylor.

3. To addict; to abandon. He gave himself up to intemperance.

To give way, to yield; to withdraw to make room for. Inferiors should give way to superiors.

2. To fail; to yield to force; to break or fall. The ice gave way and the horses were drowned. The scaffolding gave way. The wheels or axletree gave way.

3. To recede; to make room for.

4. In seamen's language, give way is an order to a boat's crew to row after ceasing, or to increase their exertions.

Mar. Dict.

Give

GIVE, v. i. giv. To yield to pressure. The earth gives under the feet.

2. To begin to melt; to thaw; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure.

Bacon.

3. To move; to recede.

Now back he gives, then rushes on amain.

Daniel's Civil War.

To give in, to go back; to give way. [Not in use.]

To give into, to yield assent; to adopt.

This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrasesÃ‚--

Pope.

To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Little used.]

Locke.

To give on, to rush; to fall on. [Not in use.]

To give out, to publish; to proclaim.

2. To cease from exertion; to yield; applied to persons. He labored hard, but gave out at last.

To give over, to cease; to act no more; to desert.

It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame.

Addison.

Given

GIV'EN, pp. giv'n. Bestowed; granted; conferred; imparted; admitted or supposed.

Giver

GIV'ER, noun One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.

It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the christian.

Kollock.

Gives

GIVES, n. plu. [Irish geibhion, from geibhim, to get or hold.]

Fetters or shackles for the feet. [See Gyves.]

Giving

GIV'ING, participle of the present tense Bestowing; conferring; imparting; granting; delivering.

Giving

GIV'ING, noun The act of conferring.

Pope.

2. An alledging of what is not real.

Shak.

Gizzard

GIZ'ZARD, noun [French gesier.] The strong musculous stomach of a fowl.

Ray. Dryden.

To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self, or to be vexed.

Hudibras.

Glabriate

GLA'BRIATE, verb transitive [Latin glabro.] To make smooth. [Not used.]

Glabrity

GLA'BRITY, noun Smoothness. [Not used.]

Glabrous

GLA'BROUS, adjective [Latin glaber, allied to glib. Class Lb. No. 10. 24. 27. 34. 37.]

Smooth; having an even surface.

Glacial

GLA'CIAL, adjective [French glacial; Latin glacialis, from glacies, ice.] Icy; consisting of ice; frozen.

Glaciate

GLA'CIATE, verb intransitive To turn to ice.

Dict.

Glaciation

GLACIA'TION, noun [supra.] The act of freezing; ice formed.

Brown.

Glacier

GLA'CIER, noun [French glaciere, an ice-house, from glace, Italian ghiaccio, ice. See Glacial.]

A field or immense mass of ice, formed in deep but elevated valleys, or on the sides of the Alps or other mountains. These masses of ice extend many miles in length and breadth, and remain undissolved by the heat of summer.

Coxe.

Glacious

GLA'CIOUS, adjective Like ice; icy.

Brown.

Glacis

GLA'CIS, noun [French] In building, or gardening, an easy, insensible slope.

Encyc.

2. In fortification, a sloping bank; that mass of earth which serves as a parapet to the covered way, having an easy slope or declivity towards the champaign or field.

Encyc.

Glad

GLAD, adjective [Saxon gloed or glad; Swedish glad; Danish glad; perhaps Latin loetus, without a prefix. See Class Ld. No. 2. Arabic]

1. Pleased; affected with pleasure or moderate joy; moderately happy.

A wise son maketh a glad father. Proverbs 10.

It is usually followed by of. I am glad of an opportunity to oblige my friend.

It is sometimes followed by at.

He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Proverbs 17.

It is sometimes followed by with.

The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile bloodÃ‚--

Dryden.

With, after glad, is unusual, and in this passage at would have been preferable.

2. Cheerful; joyous.

They blessed the king, and went to their tents, joyful and glad of heart. 1 Kings 8.

3. Cheerful; wearing the appearance of joy; as a glad countenance.

4. Wearing a gay appearance; showy; bright.

The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them. Isaiah 35.

Glad evening and glad morn crown'd the fourth day.

Milton.

5. Pleasing; exhilarating.

Her conversation

More glad to me than to a miser money is.

Sidney.

6. Expressing gladness or joy; exciting joy.

Hark! a glad voice the lonely desert cheers.

Pope.

Glad

GLAD, verb transitive [The pret. and pp. gladed is not used. See Gladden.]

To make glad; to affect with pleasure; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate.

Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man.

Pope.

Gladden

GLAD'DEN, v. t. glad'n. [Saxon gladian; Danish gloeder; Swedish gl?dia.]

To make glad; to cheer; to please; to exhilarate. The news of peace gladdens our hearts.

Churches will every where gladden his eye, and hymns of praise vibrate upon his ear.

Dwight.

Gladden

GLAD'DEN, v. i. glad'n. To become glad; to rejoice.

So shall your country ever gladden at the sound of your voice.

Adams' Inaugural Oration.

Gladder

GLAD'DER, noun One that makes glad, or gives joy.

Dryden.

Gladding

GLAD'DING, participle of the present tense Making glad; cheering; giving joy.

Glade

GLADE, noun [Icelandic hlad. Qu.] An opening or passage made through a wood by lopping off the branches of the trees. Locally, in the U. States, a natural opening or open place in a forest.

There interspersed in lawns and opening glades.

Pope.

2. In New England, an opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen.

Glade

GLADE, noun [Dutch glad, German glatt, smooth.] Smooth ice.

New England.

Gladen

GLA'DEN, or GLA'DER, noun [Latin gladius, a sword.] Sword-grass; the general name of plants that rise with a broad blade like sedge.

Junius.

Gladful

GLAD'FUL, adjective Full of gladness. Obs.

Spenser.

Gladfulness

GLAD'FULNESS, noun Joy; gladness. Obs.

Spenser.

Gladiate

GLA'DIATE, adjective [Latin gladius, a sword.] Sword-shaped; resembling the form of a sword; as the legume of a plant.

Martyn.

Gladiator

GLADIA'TOR, noun [Latin from gladius, a sword.]

A sword-player; a prize-fighter. The gladiators, in Rome, were men who fought in the arena, for the entertainment of the people.

Gladiatorial

GLADIATO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to gladiators, or to combats for the entertainment of the Roman people.

Bp. Reynolds.

Gladiatory

GLA'DIATORY, adjective Relating to gladiators.

Bp. Porteus.

Gladiature

GLA'DIATURE, noun Sword-play; fencing. [Not in use.]

Gayton.

Gladiole

GLAD'IOLE, noun [Latin gladiolus, a dagger.] A plant, the sword-lily, of the genus Gladiolus. The water gladiole is of the genus Butomus or flowering rush, and also of the genus Lobelia or cardinal flower.

Cyc. Fam. of Plants.

Gladly

GLAD'LY, adverb [See Glad.] With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully.

The common people heard him gladly. Mark 12.

Gladness

GLAD'NESS, noun [See Glad.] Joy, or a moderate degree of joy and exhilaration; pleasure of mind; cheerfulness.

TheyÃ‚--did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart. Acts 2.

[Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy. Esther 8, 9.]

Gladsome

GLAD'SOME, adjective Pleased; joyful; cheerful.

Spenser.

2. Causing joy, pleasure or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing.

Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day.

Prior.

Gladsomely

GLAD'SOMELY, adverb With joy; with pleasure of mind.

Gladsomeness

GLAD'SOMENESS, noun Joy, or moderate joy; pleasure of mind.

2. Showiness.

Johnson.

Gladwin

GLAD'WIN, noun A plant of the genus Iris.

Fam. of Plants.

Glair

GLAIR, noun [French glaire. In Saxon gloere is amber, or any thing transparent. This coincides with Welsh eglur, clear, Latin clarus, and with glare, and Latin gloria; perhaps with Latin glarea, gravel, or pieces of quartz.]

1. The white of an egg. It is used as a varnish for preserving paintings.

Encyc.

2. Any viscous transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.

3. A kind of halbert.

Dict.

Glair

GLAIR, verb transitive To smear with the white of an egg; to varnish.

Glairy

GLA'IRY, adjective Like glair, or partaking of its qualities.

Fleming.

Glance

GL`ANCE, noun [German glanz, a ray, a beam or shoot of light, splendor; Dutch glans; Danish glands; Swedish glans. The primary sense is to shoot, to throw, to dart.]

1. A sudden shoot of light or splendor.

Milton.

2. A shoot or darting of sight; a rapid or momentary view or cast; a snatch of sight; as a sudden glance; a glance of the eye.

Dryden. Watts.

Glance

GL`ANCE, verb intransitive To shoot or dart a ray of light or splendor.

When through the gloom the glancing lightnings fly.

Rowe.

2. To fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. The arrow struck the shield and glanced. So we say, a glancing ball or shot.

3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view.

Then sit again, and sigh and glance.

Suckling.

4. To hint; to cast a word or reflection; as, to glance at a different subject.

5. To censure by oblique hints.

Shak.

Glance

GL`ANCE, verb transitive To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as, to glance the eye.

Shak.

Glance-Coal

GL`ANCE-COAL, noun Anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. [See Anthracite.]

Cyc.

Glancing

GL`ANCING, participle of the present tense Shooting; darting; casting suddenly; flying off obliquely.

Glancingly

GL`ANCINGLY, adverb By glancing; in a glancing manner; transiently.

Hakewill.

Gland

GLAND, noun [Latin glans, a nut; glandula, a gland; French glande. Qu. Greek, with a different prefix.]

1. In anatomy, a distinct soft body, formed by the convolution of a great number of vessels, either constituting a part of the lymphatic system, or destined to secrete some fluid from the blood. Glands have been divided into conglobate and conglomerate, from their structure; but a more proper division is into lymphatic and secretory. The former are found in the course of the lymphatic vessels, and are conglobate. The latter are of various structure. They include the mucous follicles, the conglomerate glands, properly so called, such as the parotid glands and the pancreas, the liver, kidneys, &c. The term has also been applied to other bodies of a similar appearance, neither lymphatic nor secretory; such as the thymus and thyroid glands, whose use is not certainly known, certain portions of the brain, as the pineal and pituitary glands, &c. [See Conglobate and Conglomerate.]

Encyc. Parr. Coxe.

2. In botany, a gland or glandule is an excretory or secretory duct or vessel in a plant. Glands are found on the leaves, petioles, peduncles and stipules.

Martyn.

Glandered

GLAND'ERED, adjective Affected with glanders.

Berkley.

Glanders

GLAND'ERS, noun [from gland.] In farriery, the running of corrupt slimy matter from the nose of a horse.

Cyc.

Glandiferous

GLANDIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin glandifer; glans, an acorn, and fero, to bear.]

Bearing acorns or other nuts; producing nuts or mast. The beech and the oak are glandiferous trees.

Glandiform

GLAND'IFORM, adjective [Latin glans and forma, form.]

In the shape of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.

Glandular

GLAND'ULAR, adjective Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.

Glandulation

GLANDULA'TION, noun In botany, the situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants.

Martyn.

Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles or utricles.

Lee.

Glandule

GLAND'ULE, noun [Latin glandula.] A small gland or secreting vessel.

Glanduliferous

GLANDULIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin glandula and fero, to bear.] Bearing glands.

Lee.

Glandulosity

GLANDULOS'ITY, noun A collection of glands. [Little used.]

Brown.

Glandulous

GLAND'ULOUS, adjective [Latin glandulosus.] Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.

Glare

GLARE, noun [Danish glar, Icelandic gler, glass. It coincides with clear, glory, glair, which see.]

1. A bright dazzling light; clear, brilliant luster or splendor, that dazzles the eyes.

The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare.

Dryden.

2. A fierce, piercing look.

Ã‚--About them round,

A lion now he stalks with fiery glare.

Milton.

3. A viscous transparent substance. [See Glair.]

Glare

GLARE, verb intransitive To shine with a clear, bright, dazzling light; as glaring light.

The cavern glares with new admitted light.

Dryden.

2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes.

They glared, like angry lions.

Dryden.

3. To shine with excessive luster; to be ostenatiously splendid; as a glaring dress.

Milton.

She glares in balls, front boxes and the ring.

Pope.

Glare

GLARE, verb transitive To shoot a dazzling light.

Glareous

GLA'REOUS, adjective [French glaireux. See Glair.]

Resembling the white of an egg; viscous and transparent or white.

Glaring

GLA'RING, participle of the present tense Emitting a clear and brilliant light; shining with dazzling luster.

2. adjective Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as a glaring crime.

Glaringly

GLA'RINGLY, adverb Openly; clearly; notoriously.

Glass

GL`ASS, noun [Saxon gloes; Swedish Danish German and Dutch glas; so named from its color; Welsh glÃƒ-¢s, from llÃƒ-¢s, blue, azure, green, fresh, pale; glasu, to make blue, to become green or verdant, to grow pale, to dawn; glaslys, woad, Latin glastum; glesid, blueness. Tacitus, De Mor. German 45, mentions glesum, amber collected in the Baltic, probably the same word, and so named from its clearness. Greenness is usually named from vegetation or growing, as Latin viridis, from vireo.]

1. A hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by fusing sand with fixed alkalies.

Encyc.

In chimistry, a substance or mixture, earthy, saline or metallic, brought by fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass, whose fracture is conchoidal.

Aikin.

2. A glass vessel of any kind; as a drinking-glass.

3. A mirror; a looking-glass.

4. A vessel to be filled with sand for measuring time; as an hour-glass.

5. The destined time of man's life. His glass is run.

6. The quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. Drink a glass of wine with me.

7. A vessel that shows the weight of the air.

Tatler.

8. A perspective glass; as an optic glass.

Milton.

9. The time which a glass runs, or in which it is exhausted of sand. The seamen's watch-glass is half an hour. We say, a ship fought three glasses.

10. Glasses, in the plural, spectacles.

Glass

GL`ASS, adjective Made of glass; vitreous; as a glass bottle.

Glass

GL`ASS, verb transitive To see as in a glass. [Not used.]

Sidney.

2. To case in glass. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To cover with glass; to glaze.

Boyle.

[In the latter sense, glaze is generally used.]

Glassblower

GL`ASSBLOWER, noun One whose business is to blow and fashion glass.

Glassfull

GL`ASSFULL, noun As much as a glass holds.

GlassfÃ¼Rnace

GL`ASSFÃƒ-œRNACE, noun A furnace in which the materials of glass are melted.

Cyc.

Glass-Gazing

GL`ASS-GAZING, adjective Addicted to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.

Shak.

Glassgrinder

GL`ASSGRINDER, noun One whose occupation is to grind and polish glass.

Boyle.

Glasshouse

GL`ASSHOUSE, noun A house where glass is made.

Addison.

Glassiness

GL`ASSINESS, noun The quality of being glassy or smooth; a vitreous appearance.

Glasslike

GL`ASSLIKE, adjective Resembling glass.

Glassman

GL`ASSMAN, noun One who sells glass.

Swift.

Glassmetal

GL`ASSMETAL, noun Glass in fusion.

Boyle.

Glasspot

GL`ASSPOT, noun A vessel used for melting glass in manufactories.

Cyc.

Glasswork

GL`ASSWORK, noun Manufacture of glass.

Glassworks

GL`ASSWORKS, n. plu. The place or buildings where glass is made.

Glasswort

GL`ASSWORT, noun A plant, the Salsola, of several species, all which may be used in the manufacture of glass. The Barilla of commerce, is the semifused ashes of the Salsola soda, which is largely cultivated on the Mediterranean in Spain.

Encyc. Webster's Manual.

Glassy

GL`ASSY, adjective Made of glass; vitreous; as a glassy substance.

Bacon.

2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy deep.

Shak. Dryden.

Glauberite

GLAUB'ERITE, noun A mineral of a grayish white or yellowish color, consisting of dry sulphate of lime and dry sulphate of soda.

Ure.

Glauber-Salt

GLAUB'ER-SALT, noun Sulphate of soda, a well known cathartic.

Glaucoma

GLAUCO'MA, noun [Greek] A fault in the eye, in which the crystaline humor becomes gray, but without injury to the sight.

Quincy.

A disease in the eye, in which the crystaline humor becomes of a bluish or greenish color, and its transparency is diminished.

Encyc.

An opacity of the vitreous humor.

Hooper.

According to Sharp, the glaucoma of the Greeks is the same as the cataract; and according to St. Yves and others, it is a cataract with amaurosis.

Parr.

Glaucous

GLAUC'OUS, adjective [Latin glaucus.] Of a sea green color; of a light green.

Glave

GLAVE, noun [French glaive; Welsh glaiv, a billhook, a crooked sword, a cimiter; Armoric glaif.]

A broad sword; a falchion. [Not used.]

Fairfax. Hudibras.

Glaver

GLAV'ER, verb intransitive [Welsh glavru, to flatter; glav, something smooth or shining; Latin glaber, loevis, or lubricus; glib.]

To flatter; to wheedle. [Little used and vulgar.]

L'Estrange.

Glaverer

GLAV'ERER, noun A flatterer. [supra.]

Glaze

GLAZE, verb transitive [from glass.] To furnish with windows of glass; as, to glaze a house.

2. To incrust with a vitreous substance, the basis of which is lead, but combined with silex, pearl-ashes and common salt; as, to glaze earthern ware.

3. To cover with any thing smooth and shining; or to render the exterior of a thing smooth, bright and showy.

Though with other ornaments he may glaze and brandish the weapons.

Grew.

4. To give a glassy surface; to make glossy; as, to glaze cloth.

Glazed

GLA'ZED, participle passive Furnished with glass windows; incrusted with a substance resembling glass; rendered smooth and shining.

Glazier

GLA'ZIER, n. gla'zhur. [from glaze or glass.] One whose business is to set window glass, or to fix panes of glass to the sashes of windows, to pictures, &c.

Moxon.

Glazing

GLA'ZING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with window glass.

2. Crusting with a vitreous substance, as potter's ware.

3. Giving a smooth, glossy, shining surface, as to cloth.

Glazing

GLA'ZING, noun The vitreous substance with which potter's ware is incrusted.

Gleam

GLEAM, noun [Saxon gleam or gloem, properly a shoot of light, coinciding with glimmer, glimpse, Irish laom, [perhaps Latin flamma.] The radical sense is to throw, to shoot or dart, and it may be of the same family as clamo, clamor, a shoot of the voice, and Welsh llam, Irish leam, a leap, Arabic Class Lm. No. 8.]

1. A shoot of light; a beam; a ray; a small stream of light. A gleam of dawning light, metaphorically, a gleam of hope.

2. Brightness; splendor.

In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen.

Pope.

Gleam

GLEAM, verb intransitive To shoot or dart, as rays of light. At the dawn light gleams in the east.

2. To shine; to cast light.

Thomson.

3. To flash; to spread a flood of light. [Less common.]

4. Among falconers, to disgorge filth, as a hawk.

Encyc.

Gleaming

GLE'AMING, participle of the present tense Shooting as rays of light; shining.

Gleaming

GLE'AMING, noun A shoot or shooting of light.

Gleamy

GLE'AMY, adjective Darting beams of light; casting light in rays.

In brazen arms, that cast a gleamy ray,

Swift through the town the warrior bends his way.

Pope.

Glean

GLEAN, verb transitive [French glaner, to glean; glane, a handful or cluster. In Welsh glÃƒ-¢n is clean.]

1. To gather the stalks and ears of grain which reapers leave behind them.

Let me now go to the field, and glean ears of cornÃ‚-- Ruth 2.

2. To collect things thinly scattered; to gather what is left in small parcels or numbers, or what is found in detached parcels; as, to glean a few passages from an author.

They gleaned of them in the highways five thousand men. Judges 20.

Glean

GLEAN, verb intransitive To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.

And she went, and came and gleaned in the field after the reapers. Ruth 2.

Glean

GLEAN, noun A collection made by gleaning, or by gathering here and there a little.

The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs.

Dryden.

Gleaned

GLE'ANED, participle passive Gathered after reapers; collected from small detached parcels; as grain gleaned from the field.

2. Cleared of what is left; as, the field is gleaned.

3. Having suffered a gleaning. The public prints have been gleaned.

Gleaner

GLE'ANER, noun One who gathers after reapers.

Thomson.

2. One who collects detached parts or numbers, or who gathers slowly with labor.

Locke.

Gleaning

GLE'ANING, participle of the present tense Gathering what reapers leave; collecting in small detached parcels.

Gleaning

GLE'ANING, noun The act of gathering after reapers.

2. That which is collected by gleaning.

Glebe

GLEBE, noun [Latin gleba, a clod or lump of earth; French glebe, land, ground; probably from collecting, as in globe, club.]

1. Turf; soil; ground.

Till the glad summons of a genial ray

Unbinds the glebeÃ‚--

Garth.

2. The land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice.

Spelman. Encyc.

3. A crystal. Obs.

Arbuthnot.

4. Among miners, a piece of earth in which is contained some mineral ore.

Encyc.

Glebous

GLE'BOUS, adjective Gleby; turfy.

Dict.

Gleby

GLE'BY, adjective Turfy; cloddy.

Glede

GLEDE, noun [Saxon glida, from glidan, to glide; Swedish glada.]

A fowl of the rapacious kind, the kite, a species of Falco. The word is used in Deuteronomy 14:13. but the same Hebrew word, Leviticus 14:14. is rendered a vulture.

Glee

GLEE, noun [Saxon glie, from glig, gligg, sport, music.]

1. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; particularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast.

Spenser.

2. A sort of catch or song sung in parts.

Mason. Busby.

Gleed

GLEED, noun [Saxon gled.] A glowing coal. Obs.

Chaucer.

Gleeful

GLEE'FUL, adjective Merry; gay; joyous.

Shak.

Gleek

GLEEK, noun [See Glee.] Music, or a musician. Obs.

Shak.

2. A scoff; a game at cards. Obs.

Gleek

GLEEK, verb intransitive To make sport of; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. Obs.

Shak.

Gleeman

GLEE'MAN, noun A musician. Obs.

Gleen

GLEEN, verb intransitive [Welsh glan, clean, pure, holy, bright; gleiniaw, to purify, to brighten; Irish glan.] To shine; to glisten. [Not used.]

Prior.

Gleesome

GLEE'SOME, adjective Merry; joyous. Obs.

Gleet

GLEET, noun [from Saxon glidan, to glide, or hlyttrian, to melt; Icelandic glat.]

The flux of a thin humor from the urethra; a thin ichor running from a sore.

Encyc. Wiseman.

Gleet

GLEET, verb intransitive To flow in a thin limpid humor; to ooze.

Wiseman.

2. To flow slowly, as water.

Cheyne.

Gleety

GLEET'Y, adjective Ichorous; thin; limpid.

Glen

GLEN, noun [Welsh glyn, a valley in which a river flows, as if from llyn, liquor, water; Saxon glen; Irish glean.]

A valley; a dale; a depression or space between hills.

Glene

GLENE, noun [Greek.] In anatomy, the cavity or socket of the eye, and the pupil; any slight depression or cavity receiving a bone in articulation.

Parr. Cyc.

Glew

GLEW, [See Glue.]

Gliadine

GLI'ADINE, noun [Greek, glue.] One of the constituents of gluten, a slightly transparent, brittle substance, of a straw-yellow color, having a slight smeil, similar to that of honeycomb.

Ure.

Glib

GLIB, adjective [Dutch glibberen, glippen, to slide; glibberig, glib, slippery; Welsh llipyr; Latin glaber, smooth; labor, to slide. This word contains the elements of slip. Qu. Latin glubo, Greek. Class Lb. No. 27. 37.]

1. Smooth; slippery; admitting a body to slide easily on the surface; as, ice is glib.

2. Smooth; voluble; easily moving; as a glib tongue.

Glib

GLIB, noun A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over the eyes. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Glib

GLIB, verb transitive To castrate. [Qu. to make smooth, glubo,.]

Shak.

2. To make smooth.

Bp. Hall.

Glibly

GLIB'LY, adverb Smoothly; volubly; as, to slide glibly; to speak glibly.

Glibness

GLIB'NESS, noun Smoothness; slipperiness; as a polished ice-like glibness.

Chapman.

2. Volubility of the tongue.

Government of the Tongue.

Glide

GLIDE, verb intransitive [Saxon glidan; German gleiten; Dutch glyden; Danish glider. Qu. French glisser, in a different dialect. It has the elements of slide, as glib has of slip.]

1. To flow gently; to move without noise or violence; as a river.

By east, among the dusty vallies glide

The silver streams of Jordan's crystal flood.

Fairfax.

2. To move silently and smoothly; to pass along without apparent effort; as a hawk or an eagle gliding through the air.

3. To move or pass rapidly and with apparent ease; as, a ship glides through the water.

4. In a general sense, to move or slip along with ease as on a smooth surface, or to pass along rapidly without apparent effort, and without obstruction.

Glide

GLIDE, noun The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly and without labor or obstruction.

Shak.

Glider

GLI'DER, noun He or that which glides.

Spenser.

Gliding

GLI'DING, participle of the present tense Passing along gently and smoothly; moving rapidly, or with ease.

Glimmer

GLIM'MER, verb intransitive [German glimmen, glimmern, to gleam, to glimmer; Dutch glimmen; Swedish glimma; Danish glimrer; Irish laom, flame.]

1. To shoot feeble or scattered rays of light; as the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp.

When rosy morning glimmer'd o'er the dales.

Pope.

The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day.

Shak.

2. To shine faintly; to give a feeble light.

Mild evening glimmered on the lawn.

Trumbull.

Glimmer

GLIM'MER, noun A faint light; feeble scattered rays of light.

2. In mineralogy, mica, glist, muscovy-glass; a mineral resulting from crystalization, but rarely found in regular crystals. Usually it appears in thin, flexible, elastic lamins, which exhibit a high polish and strong luster. It is an essential ingredient in granite, gneiss, and mica slate.

Cleaveland.

Glimmering

GLIM'MERING, participle of the present tense Shining faintly; shooting feeble scattered rays of light.

Glimmering

GLIM'MERING, noun A faint beaming of light.

2. A faint view.

Glimpse

GLIMPSE, n. glims. [Dutch glimp, from glimmen.]

1. A weak faint light.

Such vast room in Nature,

Only to shine, yet scarce to contribute Each orb a glimpse of light.

Milton.

2. A flash of light; as the lightning's glimpse.

Milton.

3. Transient luster.

One glimpse of glory to my issue give.

Dryden.

4. A short transitory view. He saw at a glimpse the design of the enemy.

5. Short fleeting enjoyment; as a glimpse of delight.

Prior.

6. Exhibition of a faint resemblance.

Shak.

Glimpse

GLIMPSE, verb intransitive To appear by glimpses.

Drayton.

Glissa

GLIS'SA, noun A fish of the tunny kind, without scales.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Glist

GLIST, noun [from glisten.] Glimmer; mica. [See Glimmer.]

Glisten

GLIS'TEN, v. i. glis'n. [Saxon glisnian; German gleissen. This word and glitter are probably dialectical forms of the same word. In Irish lasadh, lasaim, is to burn, to light; Danish lyser, Swedish lysa, to shine; Russian oblistayu. In Welsh llathru is to make smooth and glossy, to polish, to glitter. Qu. Hebrew to shine, Latin glisco, gloss.]

To shine; to sparkle with light; as the glistening stars.

The ladies' eyes glistened with pleasure.

Richardson.

Glistening

GLIS'TENING, participle of the present tense Shining; sparkling; emitting rays of light.

Glister

GLIS'TER, verb intransitive [See Glisten.] To shine; to be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant.

All that glistens is not gold.

Shak.

Glister

GLISTER. [See Clyster.]

Glistering

GLIS'TERING, participle of the present tense Shining; sparkling with light.

Glisteringly

GLIS'TERINGLY, adverb With shining luster.

Glitter

GLIT'TER, verb intransitive [Saxon glitenan; Swedish glittra. See Glisten.]

1. To shine; to sparkle with light; to gleam; to be splendid; as a glittering sword.

The field yet glitters with the pomp of war.

Dryden.

2. To be showing, specious or striking, and hence attractive; as the glittering scenes of a court.

Glitter

GLIT'TER, noun Brightness; brilliancy; splendor; luster; as the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage; the glitter of dress.

Glitterand

GLIT'TERAND, participle of the present tense or adjective Sparkling. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Glittering

GLIT'TERING, participle of the present tense Shining; splendid; brilliant.

Glitteringly

GLIT'TERINGLY, adverb With sparkling luster.

Gloam

GLOAM, verb intransitive To be sullen. [See Glum.]

Gloar

GLOAR, verb intransitive [Dutch gluuren, to leer.] To squint; to stare. Obs.

Gloat

GLOAT, verb intransitive [Sw glutta, to peep.] To cast side glances; to stare with eagerness or admiration. Obs.

Rowe.

Globate

GLO'BATE, or GLO'BATED, adjective [Latin globatus.] Having the form of a globe; spherical; spheroidal.

Globe

GLOBE, noun [Latin globus; French globe; Spanish Italian globo; Saxon cleow, cliwe or cliaw; clew. See Clew. Russian klub, a ball.]

1. A round or spherical solid body; a ball; a sphere; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center.

2. The earth; the terraqueous ball; so called, though not perfectly spherical.

Locke.

3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper or other matter, on whose convex surface is drawn a map or representation of the earth or of the heavens. That on which the several oceans, seas, continents, isles and countries of the earth are represented, is called a terrestrial globe. That which exhibits a delineation of the constellations in the heavens, is called a celestial globe.

4. A body of soldiers formed into a circle.

Milton.

Globe

GLOBE, verb transitive To gather round or into a circle.

Milton.

Globe-Amaranth

GLOBE-AMARANTH, noun A plant of the genus Gomphrena. [See Amaranth.]

Fam. of Plants.

Globe-Animal

GLOBE-ANIMAL, noun A species of animalcule of a globular form.

Encyc.

Globe-Daisy

GLOBE-DAISY, noun A plant or flower of the genus Globularia.

Fam. of Plants.

Globe-Fish

GLO'BE-FISH, noun A fish of a globular shape, the Ostracion.

Johnson. Encyc.

Globe-Flower

GLO'BE-FLOWER, noun A plant or flower of the genus Sphaeranthus.

Fam. of Plants.

Globe-Ranunculus

GLOBE-RANUN'CULUS, noun A plant, the Trollius europaeus.

Fam. of Plants. Lee.

Globe-Thistle

GLO'BE-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Echinops.

Fam. of Plants.

Globose

GLOBO'SE, adjective [Latin globosus, from globe.] Round; spherical; globular.

Milton.

Globosity

GLOBOS'ITY, noun The quality of being round; sphericity.

Ray.

Globous

GLO'BOUS, adjective [Latin globosus.] Round; spherical.

Milton.

Globular

GLOB'ULAR, adjective [from globe.] Round; spherical; having the form of a small ball or sphere; as globular atoms.

Grew.

Globularia

GLOBULA'RIA, noun A flosculous flower.

Miller.

Globule

GLOB'ULE, noun [French globule; Latin globulus, dim. of globus.]

A little globe; a small particle of matter of a spherical form; a word particularly applied to the red particles of blood, which swim in a transparent serum, and may be discovered by the microscope.

Quincy. Arbuthnot. Encyc.

Hail stones have opake globules of snow in their center.

Newton.

Globulous

GLOB'ULOUS, adjective Round; globular; having the form of a small sphere.

Boyle.

Globy

GLO'BY, adjective Round; orbicular.

Sherwood.

Glode

GLODE, old pret. of glide. Obs.

Glome

GLOME, noun [Latin glomus, a ball; Hebrew Chaldee, Arabic lamma, to wind, convolve, or collect into a mass. Class Lm. No. 5. 11. Qu. its alliance to lump, clump, plumbum.]

In botany, a roundish head of flowers.

Martyn.

Glomerate

GLOM'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin glomero, from glomus, supra.]

To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.

Glomerated

GLOM'ERATED, participle passive Gathered into a ball or round mass.

Glomerating

GLOM'ERATING, participle of the present tense Collecting or winding into a ball or round mass.

Glomeration

GLOMERA'TION, noun [Latin glomeratio.] The act of gathering, winding or forming into a ball or spherical body.

2. A body formed into a ball.

Bacon.

Glomerous

GLOM'EROUS, adjective [Latin glomerosus.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Qu. the use.]

Gloom

GLOOM, noun [Scot. gloum, gloom, a frown. In Dutch lommer is a shade, and loom is slow, heavy, dull. In Saxon glomung is twilight.]

1. Obscurity; partial or total darkness; thick shade; as the gloom of a forest, or the gloom of midnight.

2. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow. We say, the mind is sunk into gloom; a gloom overspreads the mind.

3. Darkness of prospect or aspect.

4. Sullenness.

Gloom

GLOOM, verb intransitive To shine obscurely or imperfectly.

Spenser.

2. To be cloudy, dark or obscure.

3. To be melancholy or dejected.

Goldsmith.

Gloom

GLOOM, verb transitive To obscure; to fill with gloom; to darken; to make dismal.

Young.

Gloomily

GLOOM'ILY, adverb [from gloomy.] Obscurely; dimly; darkly; dismally.

2. With melancholy aspect; sullenly; not cheerfully.

Dryden. Thomson.

Gloominess

GLOOM'INESS, noun Want of light; obscurity; darkness; dismalness.

2. Want of cheerfulness; cloudiness of look; heaviness of mind; melancholy; as, to involve the mind in gloominess.

Addison.

Gloomy

GLOOM'Y, adjective [from gloom.] Obscure; imperfectly illuminated; or dark; dismal; as the gloomy cells of a convent; the gloomy shades of night.

2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow; melancholy; clouded; dejected; depressed; heavy of heart; as a gloomy countenance or state of mind; a gloomy temper.

3. Of a dark complexion. [Little used.]

Milton.

Gloriation

GLORIA'TION, noun [Latin gloriatio.] Boast; a triumphing. [Not used.]

Richardson.

Gloried

GLO'RIED, adjective [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable. [Not used.]

Milton.

Glorification

GLORIFICA'TION, noun [See Glorify.] The act of giving glory or of ascribing honors to.

Taylor.

2. Exaltation to honor and dignity; elevation to glory; as the glorification of Christ after his resurrection.

Glorified

GLO'RIFIED, participle passive Honored; dignified; exalted to glory.

Glorify

GLO'RIFY, verb transitive [French glorifier; Latin gloria and facio, to make.]

1. To praise; to magnify and honor in worship; to ascribe honor to, in thought or words. Psalm 86:9.

God is glorified, when such his excellency, above all things, is with due admiration acknowledged.

Hooker.

2. To make glorious; to exalt to glory, or to celestial happiness.

Whom he justified, them he also glorified. Romans 8.

The God of our fathers hath glorified his son Jesus. Acts 3.

3. To praise; to honor; to extol.

Whomsoever they find to be most licentious of lifeÃ‚--him they set up and glorify.

Spenser.

4. To procure honor or praise to.

Shak.

Glorifying

GLO'RIFYING, participle of the present tense Praising; honoring in worship; exalting to glory; honoring; extolling.

Glorious

GLO'RIOUS, adjective [French glorieux; Latin gloriosus. See Glory.]

1. Illustrious; of exalted excellence and splendor; resplendent in majesty and divine attributes; applied to God. Exodus 15:11.

2. Noble; excellent; renowned; celebrated; illustrious; very honorable; applied to men, their achievments, titles, &c.

Let us remember we are Cato's friends,

And act like men who claim that glorious title.

Addison.

3. Boastful; self-exulting; haughty; ostentatious. Obs.

Bacon.

Gloriously

GLO'RIOUSLY, adverb Splendidly; illustriously; with great renown or dignity.

Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Exodus 15.

Glory

GLO'RY, noun [Latin gloria; French gloire; Spanish and Italian gloria; Irish gloir, glory, and glor, clear; Welsh eglur, clear, bright; Armoric gloar, glory. It coincides with clear, and the primary sense seems to be to open, to expand, to enlarge. So splendor is from the Celtic ysplan, open, clear, plain, Latin planus; hence, bright, shining. Glory, then, is brightness, splendor. The Latin floreo, to blossom, to flower, to flourish, is probably of the same family.]

1. Brightness; luster; splendor.

The moon, serene in glory, mounts the sky.

Pope.

For he received from God the Father honor and glory, when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory. 2 Peter 1.

In this passage of Peter, the latter word glory refers to the visible splendor or bright cloud that overshadowed Christ at his transfiguration. The former word glory, though the same in the original, is to be understood in a figurative sense.

2. Splendor; magnificence.

Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of these. Matthew 6.

3. The circle of rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting.

4. Praise ascribed in adoration; honor.

Glory to God in the highest. Luke 2.

5. Honor; praise; fame; renown; celebrity. The hero pants for glory in the field. It was the glory of Howard to relieve the wretched.

6. The felicity of heaven prepared for the children of God; celestial bliss.

Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterwards receive me to glory. Psalm 73.

7. In scripture, the divine presence; or the ark, the manifestation of it.

The glory is departed from Israel. 1 Samuel 4.

8. The divine perfections or excellence.

The heavens declare the glory of God. Psalm 19.

9. Honorable representation of God. 1 Corinthians 11, 8.

10. Distinguished honor or ornament; that which honors or makes renowned; that of which one may boast.

Babylon, the glory of kingdoms. Isaiah 13.

11. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance; as vain glory.

12. Generous pride.

Sidney.

Glory

GLO'RY, verb intransitive [Latin glorior, from gloria.] To exult with joy; to rejoice.

Glory ye in his holy name. Psalm 105:1 Chronicles 16.

2. To boast; to be proud of.

No one should glory in his prosperity.

Richardson.

Glorying

GLO'RYING, participle of the present tense Exulting with joy; boasting.

Glorying

GLO'RYING, noun The act of exulting; exultation; boasting; display of pride.

Your glorying is not good. 1 Corinthians 5.

Glose

GLOSE, GLOSER. [See Gloze.]

Gloss

GLOSS, noun [German glosse, a gloss or comment; glotzen, to gleam, to glimmer. In Saxon glesan signifies to explain, to flatter, to gloze. From the Greek, the tongue, and a strap, the Latin has glossa, a tongue, and interpretation. In Hebrew signifies to shine, but from the sense of smoothness; Syriac to peel, to shave, to make bald. Whether these words are all of one family, let the reader judge. The radical sense appears to be, to open, to make clear, and the sense of tongue is probably to extend. If the first letter is a prefix, the other letters Ls are the elements of Irish leos, light, Latin lustro, luster; and it is remarkable that in Russian losk is luster, polish, and laskayu is to flatter. The Greek, in the Attic dialect, is a tongue, and in Swedish and German, glatt, Danish glat, Dutch glad, is smooth.]

1. Brightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; as the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss.

2. A specious appearance or representation; external show that may mislead opinion.

It is no part of my secret meaning to set on the face of this cause any fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford.

Hooker.

3. An interpretation artfully specious.

Sidney.

4. Interpretation; comment; explanation; remark intended to illustrate a subject.

All this, without a gloss or comment,

He would unriddle in a moment.

Hudibras.

Explaining the text in short glosses.

Baker.

5. A literal translation.

Encyc.

Gloss

GLOSS, verb transitive To give a superficial luster to; to make smooth and shining; as, to gloss cloth by the calender; to gloss mahogany.

2. To explain; to render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate.

3. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious representation.

You have the art to gloss the foulest cause.

Philips.

Gloss

GLOSS, verb intransitive To comment; to write or make explanatory remarks.

Dryden.

2. To make sly remarks.

Prior.

Glossarial

GLOSSA'RIAL, adjective Containing explanation.

Glossarist

GLOSS'ARIST, noun A writer of glosses or comments.

Tyrwhitt.

Glossary

GLOSS'ARY, noun [French glossaire; Low Latin glossarium.]

A dictionary or vocabulary, explaining obscure or antiquated words found in old authors; such as Du Cange's Glossary; Spelman's Glossary.

Glossator

GLOSSA'TOR, noun [French glossateur.] A writer of comments; a commentator. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Glossed

GLOSS'ED, participle passive Made smooth and shining; explained.

Glosser

GLOSS'ER, noun A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator.

2. A polisher; one who gives a luster.

Glossiness

GLOSS'INESS, noun [from glossy.] The luster or brightness of a smooth surface.

Boyle.

Glossing

GLOSS'ING, participle of the present tense Giving luster to; polishing; explaining by comments; giving a specious appearance.

Glossist

GLOSS'IST, noun A writer of comments. [Not in use.]

Wilton.

Glossographer

GLOSSOG'RAPHER, noun [gloss and Greek, to write.]

A writer of glosses; a commentator; a scholiast.

Hayward.

Glossography

GLOSSOG'RAPHY, noun The writing of comments for illustrating an author.

Glossologist

GLOSSOL'OGIST, noun [gloss and Greek.] One who writes glosses; a commentator.

Glossology

GLOSSOL'OGY, noun [gloss and Greek, discourse.]

Glosses or commentaries; explanatory notes for illustrating an author.

Glossy

GLOSS'Y, adjective Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; as glossy silk; a glossy raven; a glossy plum.

Dryden.

Glottis

GLOT'TIS, noun [Greek, the tongue.] The narrow opening at the upper part of the aspera arteria or windpipe, which, by its dilatation and contraction, contributes to the modulation of the voice.

Encyc. Parr.

Glout

GLOUT, verb intransitive [Scot.] To pout; to look sullen. [Not used.]

Garth.

Glout

GLOUT, verb transitive To view attentively. [Not in use.]

Glove

GLOVE, noun [Saxon glof. Qu. Welsh golov, a cover. The German, Dutch Swedish Danish call it a hand-shoe.]

A cover for the hand, or for the hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger. The latter circumstance distinguishes the glove from the mitten.

To throw the glove, with our ancestors, was to challenge to single combat.

Glove

GLOVE, verb transitive To cover with a glove.

Shak.

Glover

GLOVER, noun One whose occupation is to make and sell gloves.

Glow

GLOW, verb intransitive [Saxon glowan, German glÃƒ-¼hen, Dutch gloeijen, Danish glÃƒ-¶der, to glow, to be red with heat; Danish glÃƒ-¶d, gloe, Saxon gled, Dutch gloed, German gluth, Swedish gl?d, Welsh glo, Cornish glou, Armoric glaouen, a live coal; Welsh gla or glaw, a shining; gloyw, bright; gloywi, to brighten or make clear.]

1. To shine with intense heat; or perhaps more correctly, to shine with a white heat; to exhibit incandescence. Hence, in a more general sense, to shine with a bright luster.

Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.

Pope.

2. To burn with vehement heat.

The scorching fire that in their entrails glows.

Addison.

3. To feel great heat of body; to be hot.

Did not his temples glow

In the same sultry winds and scorching heats?

Addison.

4. To exhibit a strong bright color; to be red.

Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays.

Dryden.

Fair ideas flow,

Strike in the sketch, or in the picture glow.

Pope.

5. To be bright or red with heat or animation, or with blushes; as glowing cheeks.

6. To feel the heat of passion; to be ardent; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, &c.

We say, the heart glows with love or zeal; the glowing breast.

When real virtue fires the glowing bard.

Lewis.

If you have never glowed with gratitude to the author of the christian revelation, you know nothing of christianity.

Buckminster.

7. To burn with intense heat; to rage; as passion.

With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows.

Dryden.

Glow

GLOW, verb intransitive To heat so as to shine. [Not used.]

Shak.

Glow

GLOW, noun Shining heat, or white heat.

2. Brightness of color; redness; as the glow of health in the cheeks.

A waving glow his bloomy beds display,

Blushing in bright diversities of day.

Pope.

3. Vehemence of passion.

Glowing

GLOWING, participle of the present tense Shining with intense heat; white with heat.

2. Burning with vehement heat.

3. Exhibiting a bright color; red; as a glowing color; glowing cheeks.

4. Ardent; vehement; animated; as glowing zeal.

5. Inflamed; as a glowing breast.

Glowingly

GLOWINGLY, adverb With great brightness; with ardent heat or passion.

Glowworm

GLOWWORM, noun The female of the Lampyris noctiluca, an insect of the order of Coleopters. It is without wings and resembles a caterpillar. It emits a shining green light from the extremity of the abdomen. The male is winged and flies about in the evening, when it is attracted by the light of the female.

Encyc.

Gloze

GLOZE, verb intransitive [Saxon glesan. See Gloss.] To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; that is, to smooth, or to talk smoothly.

So glozed the tempter, and his proem tun'd.

Milton.

A false glozing parasite.

South.

Gloze

GLOZE, noun Flattery; adulation.

Shak.

2. Specious show; gloss. [Not used. See Gloss.]

Sidney.

Glozer

GLO'ZER, noun A flatterer.

Gifford.

Glozing

GLO'ZING, participle of the present tense Flattering; wheedling.

Glozing

GLO'ZING, noun Specious representation.

Mountagu.

Glucin

GLU'CIN, noun [Greek.] A soft white earth or powder obtained from the beryl and emerald; so named from its forming, with acids, salts that are sweet to the taste.

Ure.

Glucin is a compound, of which glucinum is the base.

Davy.

Glue

GLUE, n. glu. [French glu; Welsh glyd; Armoric glud; Irish glydh, gliu, gleten; Latin gluten; Greek; Russian klei. See Class Ld. No. 8. 9. 10.]

Inspissated animal gluten; a tenacious, viscid matter, which serves as a cement to unite other substances. It is made of the skins, parings, &c. of animals, as of oxen, calves or sheep, by boiling them to a jelly.

Encyc. Parr.

Glue

GLUE, verb transitive [French gluer.] To join with glue or a viscous substance. Cabinet makers glue together some parts of furniture.

2. To unite; to hold together.

Newton.

[This word is now seldom used in a figurative sense. The phrases, to glue friends together, vices glue us to low pursuits or pleasures, found in writers of the last century, are not now used, or are deemed inelegant.]

Glueboiler

GLU'EBOILER, noun [glue and boil.] One whose occupation is to make glue.

Glued

GLU'ED, participle passive United or cemented with glue.

Gluer

GLU'ER, noun One who cements with glue.

Gluey

GLU'EY, adjective Viscous; glutinous.

Glueyness

GLU'EYNESS, noun The quality of being gluey.

Gluing

GLU'ING, participle of the present tense Cementing with glue.

Gluish

GLU'ISH, adjective Having the nature of glue.

Sherwood.

Glum

GLUM, adjective [Scot. gloum, a frown.] Frowning; sullen. [Little used.]

Glum

GLUM, noun Sullenness; and, as a verb, to look sullen. [Not in use.]

Glumaceous

GLUMA'CEOUS, adjective Having glumes; consisting of glumes.

Barton.

Glume

GLUME, noun [Latin gluma, from glubo, to bark or peel, or Greek.]

In botany, the calyx or corol of corn and grasses, formed of valves embracing the seed, often terminated by the arista or beard; the husk or chaff.

Milne. Martyn.

Glummy

GLUM'MY, adjective Dark; gloomy; dismal.

Glumous

GLU'MOUS, adjective A glumous flower is a kind of aggregate flower, having a filiform receptacle, with a common glume at the base.

Martyn.

Glut

GLUT, verb intransitive [Latin glutio; French engloutir; Russian glotayu, to swallow; Welsh glwth, a glutton; glythu, to gormandize; from llwth, a swallow, greediness; Italian ghiotto, Low Latin gluto, a glutton; Hebrew Chaldee. [See Arabic.] Class Ld. No. 17. The sense is to crowd, to stuff.]

1. To swallow, or to swallow greedily; to gorge.

Milton.

2. To cloy; to fill beyond sufficiency; to sate; to disgust; as, to glut the appetites.

Denham.

3. To feast or delight even to satiety.

His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice,

Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes.

Dryden.

4. To fill or furnish beyond sufficiency; as, to glut the market.

5. To saturate.

Boyle.

Glut

GLUT, noun That which is swallowed.

Milton.

2. Plenty even to lothing.

He shall find himself miserable, even in the very glut of his delights.

L'Estrange.

A glut of study and retirement.

Pope.

3. More than enough; superabundance.

B. Jonson.

4. Any thing that fills or obstructs the passage.

Woodward.

5. A wooden wedge.

New England.

Gluteal

GLU'TEAL, adjective [Greek, nates.] The gluteal artery, is a branch of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery, which supplies the gluteal muscles.

Coxe. Hooper.

The gluteal muscles, are three large muscles on each side, which make up the fleshy part of the buttocks.

Parr.

Gluten

GLUTEN, noun [Latin See Glue.] A tough elastic substance, of a grayish color, which becomes brown and brittle by drying; found in the flour of wheat and other grain. It contributes much to the nutritive quality of flour, and gives tenacity to its paste. A similar substance is found in the juices of certain plants.

Webster's Manual.

2. That part of the blood which gives firmness to its texture.

Parr.

Glutinate

GLU'TINATE, verb transitive To unite with glue; to cement.

Bailey.

Glutination

GLUTINA'TION, noun The act of uniting with glue.

Bailey.

Glutinative

GLU'TINATIVE, adjective Having the quality of cementing; tenacious.

Glutinosity

GLUTINOS'ITY, noun The quality of being glutinous; viscousness.

Glutinous

GLU'TINOUS, noun [Latin glutinosus.] Viscous; viscid; tenacious; having the quality of glue; resembling glue. Starch is glutinous.

2. In botany, besmeared with a slippery moisture; as a glutinous leaf.

Martyn.

Glutinousness

GLU'TINOUSNESS, noun Viscosity; viscidity; the quality of glue, tenacity.

Cheyne.

Glutton

GLUT'TON, n. glut'n. [Low Latin gluto; French glouton. See Glut.] One who indulges to excess in eating.

2. One eager of any thing to excess.

Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy.

Granville.

3. In zoology, an animal of the genus Ursus, found in the N. of Europe and Siberia. It grows to the length of three feet, but has short legs and moves slowly. It is a carnivorous animal, and in order to catch its prey, it climbs a tree and from that darts down upon a deer or other animal. It is named from its voracious appetite.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Gluttonize

GLUT'TONIZE, verb intransitive To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to indulge the appetite to excess; to be luxurious.

Trans. of Grellman.

Gluttonous

GLUT'TONOUS, adjective Given to excessive eating; indulging the appetite for food to excess; as a gluitonous age.

Raleigh.

2. Consisting in excessive eating; as gluttonous delight.

Milton.

Gluttonously

GLUT'TONOUSLY, adverb With the voracity of a glutton; with excessive eating.

Gluttony

GLUT'TONY, noun Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food.

2. Luxury of the table.

Their sumptuous gluttonies and gorgeous feasts.

Milton.

3. Voracity of appetite.

Encyc.

Glyconian

GLYCO'NIAN, or GLYCON'IC, adjective [Low Latin glyconium.] Denoting a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry, consisting of three feet, a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhich; as Glyconic measure.

Johnson.

Glyn

GLYN. [See Glen.]

Glyph

GLYPH, noun [Greek, from, to carve.]

In sculpture and architecture, a canal, channel or cavity intended as an ornament.

Chambers.

Glyphic

GLYPH'IC, noun A picture or figure by which a word is implied. [See Hieroglyphic.]

Glyptic

GLYP'TIC, noun [supra.] The art of engraving figures on precious stones.

Glyptographic

GLYPTOGRAPH'IC, adjective [Greek, and.]

Describing the methods of engraving on precious stones.

Glyptography

GLYPTOG'RAPHY, noun [supra.] A description of the art of engraving on precious stones.

British Critic.

Gnar

GN`AR, or GN`ARL, v. i. n`ar. or n`arl. [Saxon gnyrran, gnornian; Danish knurrer; Swedish knarra; Dutch gnorren, knorren; German gnurren, knarren.] To growl; to murmur; to snarl.

And wolves are gnarling which shall gnaw thee first.

Shak.

[Gnar is nearly obsolete.]

Gnarled

GN`ARLED, a. n`arled. Knotty; full of knots; as the gnarled oak.

Shak.

Gnash

GNASH, v. t. nash. [Danish knasker; Swedish gnissla and knastra. Qu. Dutch knarzen, German knirrschen, to gnash, and Italian ganascia, the jaw.]

To strike the teeth together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth in rage.

Dryden.

Gnash

GNASH, v. i. nash. To grind the teeth.

He shall gnash with his teeth and melt away. Psalm 112.

2. To rage even to collision with the teeth; to growl.

They gnashed on me with their teeth. Psalm 35.

Gnashing

GNASH'ING, ppr. nash'ing. Striking the teeth together, as in anger, rage or pain.

Gnashing

GNASH'ING, n. nash'ing. A grinding or striking of the teeth in rage or anguish.

There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Matthew 8.

Gnat

GNAT, n. nat. [Saxon gnoet. Qu. Greek.]

A small insect, or rather a genus of insects, the Culex, whose long cylindric body is composed of eight rings. They have six legs and their mouth is formed by a flexible sheath, inclosing bristles pointed like stings. The sting is a tube containing five or six spicula of exquisite fineness, dentated or edged. The most troublesome of this genus is the musketoe.

Encyc. Cyc.

2. Any thing proverbially small.

Ye blind guides, who strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Matthew 23.

Gnatflower

GNAT'FLOWER, noun A flower, called also bee-flower.

Johnson.

Gnatsnapper

GNAT'SNAPPER, noun A bird that catches gnats.

Hakewill.

Gnatworm

GNAT'WORM, noun A small water insect produced by a gnat, and which after its several changes is transformed into a gnat; the larva of a gnat.

Cyc.

Gnaw

GNAW, v. t. naw. [Saxon gnagan; German nagen; Dutch knaagen; Swedish gnaga; Welsh cnoi; Greek, to scrape; Ir, cnagh, cnaoi, consumption; cnuigh, a maggot; cnaoidhim, to gnaw, to consume.]

1. To bite off by little and little; to bite or scrape off with the fore teeth; to wear away by biting. The rats gnaw a board or plank; a worm gnaws the wood of a tree or the plank of a ship.

2. To eat by biting off small portions of food with the fore teeth.

3. To bite in agony or rage.

They gnawed their tongues for pain. Revelation 16.

4. To waste; to fret; to corrode.

5. To pick with the teeth.

His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw.

Dryden.

Gnaw

GNAW, v. i. naw. To use the teeth in biting.

I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me.

Sidney.

Gnawed

GNAW'ED, pp. naw'ed. Bit; corroded.

Gnawer

GNAW'ER, n. naw'er. He or that which gnaws or corrodes.

Gnawing

GNAW'ING, ppr. naw'ing. Biting off by little and little; corroding; eating by slow degrees.

Gneiss

GNE'ISS, n. ne'is. [Qu. Danish gnister, Swedish gnistas, to sparkle.]

In mineralogy, a species of aggregated rock, composed of quartz, feldspar and mica, of a structure more or less distinctly slaty. The layers, whether straight or curved, are frequently thick, but often vary considerably in the same specimen. It passes on one side into granite, from which it differs in its slaty structure, and on the other into mica slate. It is rich in metallic ores.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Gnoff

GNOFF, n. nof. A miser. [Not in use.]

Gnome

GNOME, n. nome. [Greek.] An imaginary being, supposed by the cabalists, to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, &c.

Encyc.

2. A brief reflection or maxim. [Not used.]

Gnomical

GNO'MICAL, a. nomical. [Greek.] Sententious; containing maxims. [Little used.]

Gnomiometrical

GNOMIOMET'RICAL, adjective [Greek, an index, and, to measure.]

The gnomiometrical telescope and microscope is an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by reflection, and for ascertaining the inclination of strata, and the apparent magnitude of angles when the eye is not placed at the vertex.

Brewster.

Gnomologic

GNOMOLOG'IC, or GNOMOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to gnomology.

Gnomology

GNOMOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a maxim or sentence, and, discourse.]

A collection of maxims, grave sentences or reflections. [Little used.]

Milton.

Gnomon

GNO'MON, n. no'mon. [Greek, an index, from the root of, to know.]

1. In dialling, the style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the day. It represents the axis of the earth.

Encyc.

2. In astronomy, a style erected perpendicular to the horizon, in order to find the altitude of the sun.

Encyc.

3. The gnomon of a globe, is the index of the hour-circle.

Encyc.

Gnomonic

GNOMON'IC, or GNOMON'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the art of dialling.

Chambers.

Gnomonics

GNOMON'ICS, noun The art or science of dialling, or of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.

Gnostic

GNOS'TIC, n. nostic. [Latin gnosticus; Greek, from, to know.]

The Gnostics were a sect of philosophers that arose in the first ages of christianity, who pretended they were the only men who had a true knowledge of the christian religion. They formed for themselves a system of theology, agreeable to the philosophy of Pythagoras and Plato, to which they accommodated their interpretations of scripture. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual and material, are derived by successive emanations from the infinite fountain of deity. These emanations they called oeons,. These doctrines were derived from the oriental philosophy.

Encyc. Enfield.

Gnostic

GNOS'TIC, a. nostic. Pertaining to the Gnostics or their doctrines.

Gnosticism

GNOS'TICISM, n. nos'ticism. The doctrines, principles or system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.

Enfield.

Gnu

GNU, noun A species of Antelope, in Southern Africa, whose form partakes of that of the horse, the ox, and the deer.

Go

GO, verb intransitive pret. went; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root, Saxon wendan, a different word. [Saxon gan; German gehen; Danish gaaer; Swedish gÃƒ-¥; Dutch gaan; Basque, gan. This is probably a contracted word, but the original is obscure. In Gothic gaggan, to go, seems to be the gang; and gad may belong to a different family. The primary sense is to pass, and either to go or come. Saxon ga forth, go forth; ga hither, come hither; her goeth, he comes.]

1. In a general sense, to move; to pass; to proceed from one place, state or station to another; opposed to resting. A mill goes by water or by steam; a ship goes at the rate of five knots an hour; a clock goes fast or slow; a horse goes lame; a fowl or a ball goes with velocity through the air.

The mourners go about the streets. Ecclesiastes 12.

2. To walk; to move on the feet or step by step. The child begins to go alone at a year old.

You know that love

Will creep in service where it cannot go.

Shak.

3. To walk leisurely; not to run.

Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn.

Shak.

4. To travel; to journey by land or water. I must go to Boston. He has gone to Philadelphia. The minister is going to France.

5. To depart; to move from a place; opposed to come. The mail goes and comes every day, or twice a week.

I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice. Exodus 8.

6. To proceed; to pass.

And so the jest goes round.

Dryden.

7. To move; to pass in any manner or to any end; as, to go to bed; to go to dinner; to go to war.

8. To move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting custom or practice. The child goes to school. A ship goes regularly to London. We go to church.

9. To proceed from one state or opinion to another; to change. He goes from one opinion to another. His estate is going to ruin.

10. To proceed in mental operations; to advance; to penetrate. We can go but a very little way in developing the causes of things.

11. To proceed or advance in accomplishing an end. This sum will not go far towards full payment of the debt.

12. To apply; to be applicable. The argument goes to this point only; it goes to prove too much.

13. To apply one's self.

Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood.

Sidney.

14. To have recourse to; as, to go to law.

15. To be about to do; as, I was going to say. I am going to begin harvest. [This use is chiefly confined to the participle.]

16. To pass; to be accounted in value. All this goes for nothing. This coin goes for a crown.

17. To circulate; to pass in report. The story goes.

18. To pass; to be received; to be accounted or understood to be.

And the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Samuel 17.

19. To move, or be in motion; as a machine. [See No. 1.]

20. To move as a fluid; to flow.

The god I am, whose yellow water flows

Around these fields, and fattens as it goes,

Tiber my name.

Dryden.

21. To have a tendency.

Against right reason all your counsels go.

Dryden.

22. To be in compact or partnership.

They were to go equal shares in the booty.

L'Estrange.

23. To be guided or regulated; to proceed by some principle or rule. We are to go by the rules of law, or according to the precepts of scripture.

We are to go by another measure.

Sprat.

24. To be pregnant. The females of different animals go some a longer, some a shorter time.

25. To pass; to be alienated in payment or exchange. If our exports are of less value than our imports, our money must go to pay the balance.

26. To be loosed or released; to be freed from restraint. Let me go; let go the hand.

27. To be expended. His estate goes or has gone for spirituous liquors. [See No. 24.]

28. To extend; to reach. The line goes from one end to the other. His land goes to the bank of the Hudson.

29. To extend or lead in any direction. This road goes to Albany.

30. To proceed; to extend. This argument goes far towards proving the point. It goes a great way towards establishing the innocence of the accused.

31. To have effect; to extend in effect; to avail; to be of force or value. Money goes farther now than it did during the war.

32. To extend in meaning or purport.

His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow.

Dryden.

[In the three last examples, the sense of go depends on far, farther, further.]

33. To have a currency or use, as custom, opinion or manners.

I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough.

Arbuthnot.

34. To contribute; to conduce; to concur; to be an ingredient; with to or into. The substances which go into this composition. Many qualifications go to make up the well bred man.

35. To proceed; to be carried on. The business goes on well.

36. To proceed to final issue; to terminate; to succeed.

Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward.

Watts.

37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences.

How goes the night, boy?

Shak.

38. To fare; to be in a good or ill state. How goes it, comrade?

39. To have a tendency or effect; to operate.

These cases go to show that the court will vary the construction of instruments.

Mass. Reports.

To go about, to set one's self to a business; to attempt; to endeavor.

They never go about to hide or palliate their vices.

Swift.

2. In seaman's language, to tack; to turn the head of a ship.

To go abroad, to walk out of a house.

2. To be uttered, disclosed or published.

To go against, to invade; to march to attach.

2. To be in opposition; to be disagreeable.

To go aside, to withdraw; to retire into a private situation.

2. To err; to deviate from the right way.

To go astray, to wander; to break from an inclosure; also, to leave the right course; to depart from law or rule; to sin; to transgress.

To go away, to depart; to go to a distance.

To go between, to interpose; to mediate; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust differences.

To go by, to pass near and beyond.

2. To pass away unnoticed; to omit.

3. To find or get in the conclusion.

In argument with men, a woman ever

Goes by the worse, whatever be her cause.

Milton.

[A phrase now little used.]

To go down, to descend in any manner.

2. To fail; to come to nothing.

3. To be swallowed or received, not rejected. The doctrine of the divine right of kings will not go down in this period of the world.

To go forth, to issue or depart out of a place.

To go forward, to advance.

To go hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue; to have difficulty to escape.

To go in, to enter.

To go in to, to have sexual commerce with.

Scripture.

To go in and out, to do the business of life.

2. To go freely; to be at liberty. John 10.

To go off, to depart to a distance; to leave a place or station.

2. To die; to decease.

3. To be discharged, as fire arms; to explode.

To go on, to proceed; to advance forward.

2. To be put on, as a garment. The coat will not go on.

To go out, to issue forth; to depart from.

2. To go on an expedition.

Shak.

3. To become extinct, as light or life; to expire. A candle goes out; fire goes out.

And life itself goes out at thy displeasure.

Addison.

4. To become public. This story goes out to the world.

To go over, to read; to peruse; to study.

2. To examine; to view or review; as, to go over an account.

If we go over the laws of christianityÃ‚--

Tillotson.

3. To think over; to proceed or pass in mental operation.

4. To change sides; to pass from one party to another.

5. To revolt.

6. To pass from one side to the other, as of a river.

To go through, to pass in a substance; as, to go through water.

2. To execute; to accomplish; to perform thoroughly; to finish; as, to go through an undertaking.

3. To suffer; to bear; to undergo; to sustain to the end; as, to go through a long sickness; to go through an operation.

To go through with, to execute effectually.

To go under, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name; as, to go under the name of reformers.

To go up, to ascend; to rise.

To go upon, to proceed as on a foundation; to take as a principle supposed or settled; as, to go upon a supposition.

To go with, to accompany; to pass with others.

2. To side with; to be in party or design with.

To go ill with, to have ill fortune; not to prosper.

To go well with, to have good fortune; to prosper.

To go without, to be or remain destitute.

Go to, come, move, begin; a phrase of exhortation; also a phrase of scornful exhortation.

Go-Between

GO'-BETWEEN, noun [go and between.] An interposer; one who transacts business between parties.

Shak.

Go-By

GO'-BY, [go and by.] Evasion; escape by artifice.

Collier.

2. A passing without notice; a thrusting away; a shifting off.

Go-Cart

GO'-CART, noun [go and cart.] A machine with wheels, in which children learn to walk without danger of falling.

Goad

GOAD, noun [Saxon gad, a goad; Swedish gadd, a sting; Scot. gad, a goad, a rod, the point of a spear; Irish gath, goth, a goad; Welsh goth, a push. The sense is a shoot, a point.]

A pointed instrument used to stimulate a beast to move faster.

Goad

GOAD, verb transitive To prick; to drive with a goad.

2. To incite; to stimulate; to instigate; to urge forward, or to rouse by any thing pungent, severe, irritating or inflaming. He was goaded by sarcastic remarks or by abuse; goaded by desire or other passion.

Goaded

GOADED, participle passive Pricked; pushed on by a goad; instigated.

Goading

GOADING, participle of the present tense Pricking; driving with a goad; inciting; urging on; rousing.

Goal

GOAL, noun [French gaule, a long pole; Welsh gwyal; Armoric goalenn, a staff.]

1. The point set to bound a race, and to which they run; the mark.

Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal

With rapid wheels.

Milton.

2. Any starting post.

Milton.

3. The end or final purpose; the end to which a design tends, or which a person aims to reach or accomplish.

Each individual seeks a several goal.

Pope.

Goar

GOAR, noun More usually gore, which see.

Goarish

GOARISH, adjective Patched; mean. Obs.

Beaum.

Goat

GOAT, noun [Saxon goet; Dutch geit; German geiss; Swedish get; Danish gedebuk, a he-goat; Russian koza.]

An animal or quadruped of the genus Capra.

The horns are hollow, turned upwards, erect and scabrous. Goats are nearly of the size of sheep, but stronger, less timid and more agile. They delight to frequent rocks and mountains, and subsist on scanty coarse food. The milk of the goat is sweet, nourishing and medicinal, and the flesh furnishes provisions to the inhabitants of countries where they abound.

Goat-Chaffer

GOAT-CHAFFER, noun An insect, a kind of beetle.

Bailey.

Goatfish

GOATFISH, noun A fish of the Mediterranean.

Goatherd

GOATHERD, noun One whose occupation is to tend goats.

Spenser.

Goatish

GOATISH, adjective Resembling a goat in any quality; of a rank smell.

More.

2. Lustful.

Shak.

Goat-Milker

GOAT-MILKER, noun A kind of owl, so called from sucking goats.

Bailey.

Goats-Beard

GOAT'S-BEARD, noun In botany, a plant of the genus Tragopogon.

Goatskin

GOATSKIN, noun The skin of a goat.

Pope.

Goatsrue

GOAT'SRUE, noun A plant of the genus Galega.

Goats-Stones

GOAT'S-STONES, noun The greater goat's stones is the Satyrium; the lesser, the Orchis.

Goats-Thorn

GOAT'S-THORN, noun A plant of the genus Astragalus.

Goat-Sucker

GOAT-SUCKER, noun In ornithology, a fowl of the genus Caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck goats. It is called also the fern-owl. In Bailey, it is called a goat-milker.

Gob

GOB, noun [French gobe; Welsh gob, a heap. Qu. Hebrew a hill, a boss; Chaldee geba, to raise.]

A little mass or collection; a mouthful. [A low word.]

L'Estrange.

Gobbet

GOB'BET, noun [French gobe, supra.] A mouthful; a lump.

Shak. Addison.

Gobbet

GOB'BET, verb transitive To swallow in large masses or mouthfuls. [A low word.]

L'Estrange.

Gobble

GOB'BLE, verb transitive [French gober, to swallow.] To swallow in large pieces; to swallow hastily.

Prior. Swift.

Gobble

GOB'BLE, verb intransitive To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey.

Prior.

Gobbler

GOB'BLER, noun One who swallows in haste; a greedy eater; a gormandizer.

2. A name sometimes given to the turkey cock.

Goblet

GOB'LET, noun [French gobelet; Armoric gob or gobeled; Hebrew.]

A kind of cup or drinking vessel without a handle.

We love not loaded boards, and goblets crown'd.

Denham.

Goblin

GOB'LIN, noun [French gobelin; German kobold, a goblin; Dutch kabouter, a boy, an elf; kaboutermannetje, a goblin; Armoric gobylin; Welsh coblyn, a knocker, a thumper, a pecker, a fiend; cobiaw, to knock; from cob, a top, a thump.]

1. An evil spirit; a walking spirit; a frightful phantom.

To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied.

Milton.

2. A fairy; an elf.

Shak.

God

GOD, noun [Saxon god; German gott; Dutch god; Swedish and Danish gud; Gothic goth or guth; Pers. goda or choda; Hindoo, khoda, codam. As this word and good are written exactly alike in Saxon, it has been inferred that God was named from his goodness. But the corresponding words in most of the other languages, are not the same, and I believe no instance can be found of a name given to the Supreme Being from the attribute of goodness. It is probably an idea too remote from the rude conceptions of men in early ages. Except the word Jehovah, I have found the name of the Supreme Being to be usually taken from his supremacy or power, and to be equivalent to lord or ruler, from some root signifying to press or exert force. Now in the present case, we have evidence that this is the sense of this word, for in Persic goda is rendered dominus, possessor, princeps, as is a derivative of the same word. See Cast. Lex. Col. 231.]

1. The Supreme Being; Jehovah; the eternal and infinite spirit, the creator, and the sovereign of the universe.

God is a spirit; and they that worship him, must worship him in spirit and in truth. John 4.

2. A false god; a heathen deity; an idol.

Fear not the gods of the Amorites. Judges 6.

3. A prince; a ruler; a magistrate or judge; an angel. Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people. Exodus 22. Psalm 97.

[Gods here is a bad translation.]

4. Any person or thing exalted too much in estimation, or deified and honored as the chief good.

Whose god is their belly. Philippians 3.

God

GOD, verb transitive To deify [Not used.]

Shak.

Godchild

GOD'CHILD, noun [god and child.] One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and promises to see educated as a christian.

Goddaughter

GOD'DAUGHTER, noun [god and daughter.] A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism. [See Godfather.]

Goddess

GOD'DESS, noun A female deity; a heathen deity of the female sex.

When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty.

Addison.

2. In the language of love, a woman of superior charms or excellence.

Goddesslike

GOD'DESSLIKE, adjective Resembling a goddess.

Pope.

Godfather

GOD'F`ATHER, noun [Saxon god and foeder. The Saxons used also godsibb, good relation.]

The man who is sponsor for a child at baptism, who promises to answer for his future conduct and that he shall follow a life of piety, by this means laying himself under an indispensable obligation to instruct the child and watch over his conduct. This practice is of high antiquity in the christian church, and was probably intended to prevent children from being brought up in idolatry, in case the parents died before the children had arrived to years of discretion. In the catholic church the number of godfathers and godmothers is reduced to two; in the church of England, to three; but formerly the number was not limited.

Encyc.

Godfather

GOD'F`ATHER, verb transitive To act as godfather; to take under one's fostering care.

Burke.

Godhead

GOD'HEAD, n. god'hed. [god and Saxon hade, state.]

1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; applied to the true God, and to heathen deities.

Milton. Prior.

2. A deity in person; a god or goddess.

Dryden.

Godless

GOD'LESS, adjective Having no reverence for God; impious; ungodly; irreligious; wicked.

Hooker.

2. Atheistical; having no belief in the existence of God.

Milton.

Godlessness

GOD'LESSNESS, noun The state of being impious or irreligious.

Bp. Hall.

Godlike

GOD'LIKE, adjective Resembling God; divine.

2. Resembling a deity, or heathen divinity.

3. Of superior excellence; as godlike virtue; a godlike prince.

Godlily

GOD'LILY, adverb Piously; righteously.

H. Wharton.

Godliness

GOD'LINESS, noun [from godly.] Piety; belief in God, and reverence for his character and laws.

2. A religious life; a careful observance of the laws of God and performance of religious duties, proceeding from love and reverence for the divine character and commands; christian obedience.

Godliness is profitable unto all things. 1 Timothy 4.

3. Revelation; the system of christianity.

Without controversy, great is the mystery of godliness; God was manifest in the flesh. 1 Timothy 3.

Godling

GOD'LING, noun A little deity; a diminutive god; as a puny godling.

Dryden.

Godly

GOD'LY, adjective [god-like.] Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws.

2. Living in obedience to God's commands, from a principle of love to him and reverence of his character and precepts; religious; righteous; as a godly person.

3. Pious; conformed to God's law; as a godly life.

Godly

GOD'LY, adverb Piously; righteously.

All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. 2 Timothy 3.

Godlyhead

GOD'LYHEAD, noun [Saxon god, good, and head.] Goodness. Obs.

Spenser.

Godmother

GOD'MOTHER, noun [god and mother.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism.

Godship

GOD'SHIP, noun Deity; divinity; the rank or character of a god.

O'er hills and dales their godships came.

Prior.

Godsmith

GOD'SMITH, noun A maker of idols.

Dryden.

Godson

GOD'SON, noun [Saxon godsunu.] One for whom another has been sponsor at the font.

God Speed

GOD SPEED, noun Good speed, that is, success. 2 John 10.

Gods-Penny

GOD'S-PENNY, noun An earnest-penny.

Beaum.

Godward

GOD'WARD. Toward God. [An ill-formed word.]

Godwit

GOD'WIT, noun [Icelandic god, and veide.] A fowl of the grallic order and genus Scolopax. It has a bill four inches long; the fethers on the head, neck and back are of a light reddish brown; those on the belly white, and the tail is regularly barred with black and white. This fowl frequents fens and the banks of rivers, and its flesh is esteemed a great delicacy.

Encyc.

Godyeld

GOD'YELD, or GOD'YIELD, adverb [Supposed to be contracted from good or god, and shield.]

A term of thanks. Obs.

Shak.

Goel

GO'EL, adjective [Saxon gealew.] Yellow. Obs.

Tusser.

Goer

GO'ER, noun [from go.] One that goes; a runner or walker; one that has a gait good or bad.

Wotton.

2. One that transacts business between parties; in an ill sense.

Shak.

3. A foot.

Chapman.

4. A term applied to a horse; as a good goer; a safe goer. [Unusual in the U. States.]

Beaum.

Goety

GO'ETY, noun [Greek.] Invocation of evil spirits. [Not in use.]

Hallywell.

Goff

GOFF, noun [Qu. Welsh gofol, contracted, a word composed of go and fol, foolish; or French goffe; or a contraction of Dutch kolf, a club.]

A foolish clown; also, a game. Obs. [See Golf.]

Goffish

GOFF'ISH, adjective Foolish; stupid. Obs.

Chaucer.

Gog

GOG, noun [Welsh gog, activity, rapidity; probably allied to gig. See Agog.]

Haste; ardent desire to go.

Beaum.

Goggle

GOG'GLE, verb intransitive [Welsh gogelu, to shun; go, a prefix, and gelu, from cÃƒ-ªl, a shelter, coinciding with Latin celo; or from gog.]

To strain or roll the eyes.

And wink and goggle like an owl.

Hudibras.

Goggle

GOG'GLE, adjective Having full eyes; staring.

B. Jonson.

Goggle

GOG'GLE, noun A strained or affected rolling of the eye.

Goggled

GOG'GLED, adjective Prominent; staring, as the eye.

Herbert.

Goggle-Eye

GOG'GLE-EYE, noun A rolling or staring eye.

B. Jonson.

Goggle-Eyed

GOG'GLE-EYED, adjective Having prominent, distorted or rolling eyes.

Ascham.

Goggles

GOG'GLES, n. plu. [Welsh gogelu, to shelter. See Goggle, the verb.]

1. In surgery, instruments used to cure squinting, or the distortion of the eyes which occasions it.

Encyc.

2. Cylindrical tubes, in which are fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, dust, &c. and sometimes with colored glasses to abate the intensity of light.

3. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright.

Going

GO'ING, participle of the present tense [from go.] Moving; walking; traveling; turning; rolling; flying; sailing, &c.

Going

GO'ING, noun The act of moving in any manner.

2. The act of walking.

Shak.

3. Departure.

Milton.

4. Pregnancy.

Grew.

5. Procedure; way; course of life; behavior; deportment; used chiefly in the plural.

His eyes are on the ways of man, and he seeeth all his goings. Job 34.

6. Procedure; course of providential agency or government.

They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary. Psalm 68.

Going out, Goings out, in scripture, utmost extremity or limit; the point where an extended body terminates. Numbers 34:5. 9.

2. Departure or journeying. Numbers 33.

Goiter

GOIT'ER, noun [French goÃƒ-®tre.] The bronchocele; a large tumor that forms gradually on the human throat between the trachea and the skin.

Encyc.

The inhabitants of this part of the Valais are subject to goiters.

Coxe, Switz.

Goitrous

GOIT'ROUS, adjective [French goÃƒ-®treux.] Pertaining to the goiter; partaking of the nature of bronchocele.

2. Affected with bronchocele.

Journ. of Science.

Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in general are either goitrous or idiots.

Coxe, Switz.

Gola

GO'LA, noun In architecture, the same as cymatium.

Gold

GOLD, noun [Saxon German gold; Dutch goud, a contracted word; Swedish and Danish guld, from gul, guul, yellow. Hence the original pronunciation goold, still retained by some people. The Danish guul is in Saxon gealew, whence our yellow, that is, primarily, bright, from the Celtic, Welsh gawl, galau, gole, light, splendor; Gaelic, geal, bright; Arabic to be clear or bright. Class Gl. No. 7.]

1. A precious metal of a bright yellow color, and the most ductile and malleable of all the metals. It is the heaviest metal except platina; and being a very dense, fixed substance, and not liable to be injured by air, it is well fitted to be used as coin, or a representative of commodities in commerce. Its ductility and malleability render it the most suitable metal for gilding.

It is often found native in solid masses, as in Hungary and Peru; though generally in combination with silver, copper or iron.

Encyc.

2. Money.

For me, the gold of France did not seduceÃ‚--

Shak.

3. Something pleasing or valuable; as a heart of gold.

Shak.

4. A bright yellow color; as a flower edged with gold.

5. Riches; wealth.

Gold of pleasure, a plant of the genus Myagrum.

Gold

GOLD, adjective Made of gold; consisting of gold; as a gold chain.

Goldbeaten

GOLDBEATEN, adjective Gilded. [Little used.]

Goldbeater

GOLDBEATER, noun One whose occupation is to beat or foliate gold for gilding.

Boyle.

Goldbeater's skin, the intestinum rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters lay between the leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the membrane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be applied to cuts and fresh wounds.

Quincy.

Goldbound

GOLDBOUND, adjective Encompassed with gold.

Shak.

Gold Coast

GOLD COAST, noun In geography, the coast of Africa where gold is found; being a part of the coast of Guinea.

Golden

GOLDEN, a. goldn. Made of gold; consisting of gold.

2. Bright; shining; splendid; as the golden sun.

Reclining soft on many a golden cloud.

Rowe.

3. Yellow; of a gold color; as a golden harvest; golden fruit.

4. Excellent; most valuable; as the golden rule.

Watts.

5. Happy; pure; as the golden age, the age of simplicity and purity of manners.

6. Preeminently favorable or auspicious.

Let not slip the golden opportunity.

Hamilton.

Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the year of the moon's cycle.

Golden rule, in arithmetic, the rule of three or rule of proportion.

Golden-Cups

GOLDEN-CUPS, noun A plant, the Ranunculus.

Golden-Lungwort

GOLDEN-LUNGWORT, noun A plant of the genus Hieracium.

Goldenly

GOLDENLY, adverb Splendidly; delightfully. [Not used.]

Shak.

Golden-Maidenhair

GOLDEN-MAIDENHAIR, noun A plant of the genus Polytrichum.

Golden-Mouseear

GOLDEN-MOUSEEAR, noun A plant of the genus Hieracium.

Goldenrod

GOLDENROD, noun A plant, the Solidago.

Goldenrod-Tree

GOLDENROD-TREE, noun A plant, the Bosea.

Golden-Samphire

GOLDEN-SAM'PHIRE, noun A plant, the Inula crithmifolia.

Lee.

Golden-Saxifrage

GOLDEN-SAX'IFRAGE, noun A plant, the Chrysosplenium.

Golden-Thistle

GOLDEN-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Scolymus.

Goldfinch

GOLDFINCH, noun [Saxon goldfinc.] The Fringilla carduelis, a bird so named from the color of its wings.

Gold-Finder

GOLD-FINDER, noun One who finds gold; one who empties jakes. [Not much used.]

Swift.

Goldfish

GOLDFISH, or GOLDENFISH, noun A fish of the genus Cyprinus, of the size of a pilchard, so named from its bright color.

These fishes are bred by the Chinese, in small ponds, in basons or porcelain vessels, and kept for ornament.

Gold-Hammer

GOLD-HAMMER, noun A kind of bird.

Dict.

Gold-Hilted

GOLD-HILTED, adjective Having a golden hilt.

Golding

GOLDING, noun A sort of apple.

Dict.

Goldlace

GOLDLACE, noun A lace wrought with gold.

Goldlaced

GOLDLACED, adjective Trimmed with gold lace.

Goldleaf

GOLDLEAF, noun Gold foliated or beaten into a thin leaf.

Goldney

GOLDNEY, noun A fish, the gilthead.

Dict.

Gold-Pleasure

GOLD-PLEASURE, for gold of pleasure, a plant of the genus Myagrum.

Gold-Proof

GOLD-PROOF, adjective Proof against bribery or temptation by money.

Beaum.

Gold-Size

GOLD-SIZE, noun A size or glue for burnishing gilding.

Encyc.

Goldsmith

GOLDSMITH, noun An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments of gold and silver.

2. A banker; one who manages the pecuniary concerns of others. [Goldsmiths were formerly bankers in England, but in America the practice does not exist, nor is the word used in this sense.]

Goldthread

GOLDTHREAD, noun A thread formed of flatted gold laid over a thread of silk, by twisting it with a wheel and iron bobbins.

Encyc.

2. A plant, the Helleborus trifolius; so called from its fibrous yellow roots.

U. States.

Goldwire

GOLDWIRE, noun An ingot of silver, superficially covered with gold and drawn through small round holes.

Encyc.

Goldylocks

GOLDYLOCKS, noun A name given to certain plants of the genera Chrysocoma and Gnaphalium.

Golf

GOLF, noun [Dutch kolf, a club or bat; Danish kolv, the butt end of a gun-stock.]

A game with ball and bat, in which he who drives the ball into a hole with the fewest strokes is the winner.

Strutt.

Goll

GOLL, noun [Greek, a cavity, and the hollow of the hand. Qu. is this the Celtic form of vola?]

Hands; paws; claws. [Not in use or local.]

Sidney.

Goloe-Shoe

GOLO'E-SHOE, noun [Armoric golo or golei, to cover.]

An over-shoe; a shoe worn over another to keep the foot dry.

Gom

GOM, noun [Saxon gum; Gothic guma.] A man. Obs.

Gondola

GON'DOLA, noun [Italian id.; French gondole; Armoric gondolenn.]

A flat-bottomed boat, very long and narrow, used at Venice in Italy on the canals. A gondola of middle size is about thirty feet long and four broad, terminating at each end in a sharp point or peak rising to the highth of a man. It is usually rowed by two men, called gondoliers, who propel the boat by pushing the oars. The gondola is also used in other parts of Italy for a passage boat.

Encyc.

Gondolier

GONDOLIE'R, noun A man who rows a gondola.

Gone

GONE, participle passive of go; pronounced nearly gawn.

1. Departed.

It was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath. 1 Kings 2.

2. Advanced; forward in progress; with far, farther, or further; as a man far gone in intemperance.

3. Ruined; undone. Exert yourselves, or we are gone.

4. Past; as, these happy days are gone; sometimes with by. Those times are gone by.

5. Lost.

When her masters saw that the hope of their gains was goneÃ‚-- Acts 16.

6. Departed from life; deceased; dead.

Gonfalon

GON'FALON, or GON'FANON, noun [gonfanon, Chaucer; French gonfalon; Saxon guth-fana, war-flag, composed of guth, war, Irish cath or cad, Welsh cad, and Saxon and Gothic fana, Latin pannus, cloth; in Saxon a flag.]

An ensign or standard; colors. Obs.

Milton.

Gonfalonier

GONFALONIE'R, noun A chief standardbearer. Obs.

Bp. Wren.

Gong

GONG, noun [Saxon gang.] A privy or jakes. Obs.

Chaucer.

2. An instrument made of brass, of a circular form, which the Asiatics strike with a wooden mallet.

Todd.

Goniometer

GONIOM'ETER, noun [Greek, angle, and, measure.

An instrument for measuring solid angles, or the inclination of planes.

Cyc.

Goniometrical

GONIOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to a goniometer. Goniometrical lines are used for measuring the quantity of angles.

Chambers.

Gonorrhea

GONORRHE'A, noun [Greek, semen, and, to flow.] A morbid discharge in venereal complaints.

Good

GOOD, adjective [Saxon god or good; Gothic goda, gods, goth; German gut; Dutch goed; Swedish and Danish god; Greek; Pers.. In Russian godnei, fit, suitable, seems to be the same word. The primary sense is strong, from extending, advancing, whence free, large, abundant, fit, and particularly, strong, firm, valid, [like valid, from valeo; worth, virtue, from vireo; Saxon duguth, virtue, from dugan, to be strong.] In the phrase, a good deal, we observe the sense of extending; in the phrases, a good title, a medicine good for a disease, we observe the sense of strong, efficacious. Arabic to be liberal or copious, to overflow, to be good, to become better or more firm. See also to be useful, profitable or convenient. This word good has not the comparative and superlative degrees of comparison; but instead of them, better and best, from another root, are used. Class Gd. No. 3. and 8.]

1. Valid; legally firm; not weak or defective; having strength adequate to its support; as a good title; a good deed; a good claim.

2. Valid; sound; not weak, false or fallacious; as a good argument.

3. Complete or sufficiently perfect in its kind; having the physical qualities best adapted to its design and use; opposed to bad, imperfect, corrupted, impaired. We say, good timber, good cloth, a good soil, a good color.

And God saw every thing that he had made, and behold, it was very good. Genesis 1.

4. Having moral qualities best adapted to its design and use, or the qualities which God's law requires; virtuous; pious; religious; applied to persons, and opposed to bad, vitious, wicked, evil.

Yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. Romans 5.

5. Conformable to the moral law; virtuous; applied to actions.

In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Titus ~~.

6. Proper; fit; convenient; seasonable; well adapted to the end. It was a good time to commence operations. He arrived in good time.

7. Convenient; useful; expedient; conducive to happiness.

It is not good that the man should be alone. Genesis 2.

8. Sound; perfect; uncorrupted; undamaged. This fruit will keep good the whole year.

9. Suitable to the taste or to health; wholesome; salubrious; palatable; not disagreeable or noxious; as fruit good to eat; a tree good for food. Genesis 2.

10. Suited to produce a salutary effect; adapted to abate or cure; medicinal; salutary; beneficial; as, fresh vegetables are good for scorbutic diseases.

11. Suited to strengthen or assist the healthful functions; as, a little wine is good for a weak stomach.

12. Pleasant to the taste; as a good apple.

My son, eat thou honey, because it is good, and the honeycomb, which is sweet to thy taste. Proverbs 24.

13. Full; complete.

The protestant subjects of the abbey make up a good third of its people.

Addison.

14. Useful; valuable; having qualities or a tendency to produce a good effect.

All quality, that is good for any thing, is originally founded on merit.

Collier.

15. Equal; adequate; competent. His security is good for the amount of the debt; applied to persons able to fulfill contracts.

Antonio is a good man.

Shak.

16. Favorable; convenient for any purpose; as a good stand for business; a good station for a camp.

17. Convenient; suitable; safe; as a good harbor for ships.

18. Well qualified; able; skillful; or performing duties with skill and fidelity; as a good prince; a good commander; a good officer; a good physician.

19. Ready; dextrous.

Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else.

South.

20. Kind; benevolent; affectionate; as a good father; good will.

21. Kind; affectionate; faithful; as a good friend.

22. Promotive of happiness; pleasant; agreeable; cheering; gratifying.

Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity. Psalm 133.

23. Pleasant or prosperous; as, good morrow, Sir; good morning.

24. Honorable; fair; unblemished; unimpeached; as a man of good fame or report.

A good name is better than precious ointment. Ecclesiastes 7.

25. Cheerful; favorable to happiness. Be of good comfort.

26. Great or considerable; not small nor very great; as a good while ago; he is a good way off, or at a good distance; he has a good deal of leisure; I had a good share of the trouble. Here we see the primary sense of extending, advancing.

27. Elegant; polite; as good breeding.

28. Real; serious; not feigned.

Love not in good earnest.

Shak.

29. Kind; favorable; benevolent; humane.

The men were very good to us. 1 Samuel 25.

30. Benevolent; merciful; gracious.

Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are of a clean heart. Psalm 73.

31. Seasonable; commendable; proper.

Why trouble ye the woman, for she hath wrought a good work on me. Matthew 26.

32. Pleasant; cheerful; festive.

We come in a good day. 1 Samuel 25.

33. Companionable; social; merry.

It is well known, that Sir Roger had been a good fellow in his youth.

Arbuthnot.

34. Brave; in familiar language. You are a good fellow.

35. In the phrases, the good man, applied to the master of the house, and good woman, applied to the mistress, good sometimes expresses a moderate degree of respect, and sometimes slight contempt. Among the first settlers of New England, it was used as a title instead of Mr.; as Goodman Jones; Goodman Wells.

36. The phrase good will is equivalent to benevolence; but it signifies also an earnest desire, a hearty wish, entire willingness or fervent zeal; as, we entered into the service with a good will; he laid on stripes with a good will.

37. Comely; handsome; well formed; as a good person or shape.

38. Mild; pleasant; expressing benignity or other estimable qualities; as a good countenance.

39. Mild; calm; not irritable or fractious; as a good temper.

40. Kind; friendly; humane; as a good heart or disposition.

Good advice, wise and prudent counsel.

Good heed, great care; due caution.

In good sooth, in good truth; in reality. Obs.

To make good, to perform; to fulfill; as, to make good one's word or promise; that is, to make it entire or unbroken.

2. To confirm or establish; to prove; to verify; as, to make good a charge or accusation.

3. To supply deficiency; to make up a defect or loss. I will make good what is wanting.

4. To indemnify; to give an equivalent for damages. If you suffer loss, I will make it good to you.

5. To maintain; to carry into effect; as, to makÃƒ-© good a retreat.

To stand good, to be firm or valid. His word or promise stands good.

To think good, to see good, is to be pleased or satisfied; to think to be expedient.

If ye think good, give me my price Zechariah 11.

As good as, equally; no better than; the same as. We say, one is as good as dead. Hebrews 11.

As good as his word, equaling in fulfillment what was promised; performing to the extent.

Good

GOOD, noun That which contributes to diminish or remove pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity; benefit; advantage; opposed to evil or misery. The medicine will do neither good nor harm. It does my heart good to see you so happy.

There are many that say, who will show us any good? Psalm 4.

2. Welfare; prosperity; advancement of interest or happiness. He labored for the good of the state.

The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it.

Federalist, Jay.

3. Spiritual advantage or improvement; as the good of souls.

4. Earnest; not jest.

The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good and all.

L'Estrange.

The phrase, for good and all, signifies, finally; to close the whole business; for the last time.

5. Moral works; actions which are just and in conformity to the moral law or divine precepts.

Depart from evil, and do good. Psalm 34.

6. Moral qualities; virtue; righteousness. I find no good in this man.

7. The best fruits; richness; abundance.

I will give you the good of the land. Genesis 45.

Good

GOOD, verb transitive To manure. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Good

GOOD, adv. As good, as well; with equal advantage. Had you not as good go with me? In America we use goods, the Gothic word. Had you not as goods go?

In replies, good signifies well; right; it is satisfactory; I am satisfied. I will be with you to morrow; answer, good, very good. So we use well, from the root of Latin valeo, to be strong.

Good-Breeding

GOOD-BREE'DING, noun Polite manners, formed by a good education; a polite education.

Good-By

GOOD-BY. [See By.]

Good-Conditioned

GOOD-CONDI'TIONED, adjective Being in a good state; having good qualities or favorable symptoms.

Sharp.

Good-Fellow

GOOD-FEL'LOW, noun A jolly companion. [This is hardly to be admitted as a compound word.]

Good-Fellow

GOOD-FEL'LOW, To make a jolly companion; to besot. [Little used.]

Good-Fellowship

GOOD-FEL'LOWSHIP, noun Merry society.

Good-Friday

GOOD-FRI'DAY, noun A fast of the christian church, in memory of our Savior's sufferings, kept in passion week.

Good-Humor

GOOD-HU'MOR, noun A cheerful temper or state of mind.

Good-Humored

GOOD-HU'MORED, adjective Being of a cheerful temper.

Good-Humoredly

GOOD-HU'MOREDLY, adverb With a cheerful temper; in a cheerful way.

Good-Manners

GOOD-MAN'NERS, noun Propriety of behavior; politeness; decorum.

Good-Nature

GOOD-NA'TURE, noun Natural mildness and kindness of disposition.

Good-Natured

GOOD-NA'TURED, adjective Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.

Good-Naturedly

GOOD-NA'TUREDLY, adverb With mildness of temper.

Good-Now

GOOD-NOW. An exclamation of wonder or surprise.

Dryden.

2. An exclamation of entreaty. [Not used.]

Shak.

Good-Speed

GOOD-SPEED, noun Good success; an old form of wishing success. [See Speed.]

Good-Wife

GOOD-WIFE, noun The mistress of a family.

Burton.

Good-Will

GOOD-WILL, noun Benevolence.

Good-Woman

GOOD-WOMAN, noun The mistress of a family.

Goodless

GOOD'LESS, adjective Having no goods. Obs.

Chaucer.

Goodliness

GOOD'LINESS, noun [from goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance.

Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes.

Sidney.

Goodly

GOOD'LY, adverb Excellently.

Spenser.

Goodly

GOOD'LY, adjective Being of a handsome form; beautiful; graceful; as a goodly person; goodly raiment; goodly houses.

Shak.

2. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable; as goodly days.

Shak.

3. Bulky; swelling; affectedly turgid. Obs.

Dryden.

Goodlyhead

GOOD'LYHEAD, noun Goodness; grace. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Goodman

GOOD'MAN, noun A familiar appellation of civility; sometimes used ironically.

With you, goodman boy, if you please.

Shak.

2. A rustic term of compliment; as old goodman Dobson.

Swift.

3. A familiar appellation of a husband; also, the master of a family. Proverbs 7. Matthew 24.

Goodness

GOOD'NESS, noun The state of being good; the physical qualities which constitute value, excellence or perfection; as the goodness of timber; the goodness of a soil.

2. The moral qualities which constitute christian excellence; moral virtue; religion.

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith. Galatians 5.

3. Kindness; benevolence; benignity of heart; but more generally, acts of kindness; charity; humanity exercised. I shall remember his goodness to me with gratitude.

4. Kindness; benevolence of nature; mercy.

The Lord GodÃ‚--abundant in goodness and truth. Exodus 34.

5. Kindness; favor shown; acts of benevolence, compassion or mercy.

Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which Jehovah had done to Israel. Exodus 18.

Goods

GOODS, n. plu. Movables; household furniture.

2. Personal or movable estate; as horses, cattle, utensils, &c.

3. Wares; merchandize; commodities bought and sold by merchants and traders.

Goodship

GOOD'SHIP, noun Favor; grace. [Not in use.]

Goody

GOOD'Y, noun [Qu. goodwife.] A low term of civility; as goody Dobson.

Swift. Gay.

Goodyship

GOOD'YSHIP, noun The state or quality of a goody. [Ludicrous.]

Hudibras.

Googings

GOOG'INGS, or GOOD'INGS, noun In seamen's language, clamps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon to hang the rudder.

Mar. Dict.

Goom

GOOM, noun [Saxon and Gothic guma, a man.] A man recently married, or who is attending his proposed spouse for the purpose of marriage; used in composition, as in bridegoom. It has been corrupted into groom.

Goosander

GOOS'ANDER, noun A migratory fowl of the genus Mergus, the diver or plunger; called also merganser.

Goose

GOOSE, n. goos. plu. geese. [Saxon gos; Swedish gÃƒ-¥s; Danish gaas; Armoric goas; Welsh gwyz; Russian gus; Irish gedh or geadh; Pers.. The German and Dutch is gans, but whether the same word or not, let the reader judge. The Chaldee or, and the corresponding Arabic and Syriac words, may possibly be the same word, the Europeans prefixing g in the Celtic manner.]

1. A well known aquatic fowl of the genus Anas; but the domestic goose lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. The soft fethers are used for beds, and the quills for pens. The wild goose is migratory.

2. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle which resembles the neck of a goose.

Gooseberry

GOOSEBERRY, n. goos'berry. [In German krÃƒ-¤uselbeere, from kraus, crisp; Dutch kruisbes, from kruis, a cross; Latin grossula; Welsh grwys, from rhwys, luxuriant. The English word is undoubtedly corrupted from crossberry, grossberry, or gorseberry; a name taken from the roughness of the shrub. See Cross and Gross.]

The fruit of a shrub, and the shrub itself, the Ribes grossularia. The shrub is armed with spines. Of the fruit there are several varieties.

The American gooseberry belongs to the genus Melastoma, and the West Indian gooseberry to the genus Cactus.

Lee.

Goosecap

GOOSECAP, n. goos'cap. A silly person.

Beaum. Johnson.

Goosefoot

GOOSEFOOT, n. goos'foot. A plant, the Chenopodium.

Goosegrass

GOOSEGR`ASS, n. goos'grass. A plant of the genus Galium. Also, the name of certain plants of the genera Potentilla and Asperugo.

Gooseneck

GOOSENECK, n. goos'neck. In a ship, a piece of iron fixed on one end of the tiller, to which the laniard of the whip-staff or wheel-rope comes, for steering the ship; also, an iron hook on the inner end of a boom.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Goosequill

GOOSEQUILL, n. goos'quill. The large fether or quill of a goose; or a pen made with it.

Goosetongue

GOOSETONGUE, n. goos'tung. A plant of the genus Achillea.

Goosewing

GOOSEWING, n. goos'wing. In seamen's language, a sail set on a boom on the lee side of a ship; also, the clues or lower corners of a ship's main-sail or fore-sail, when the middle part is furled.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Goppish

GOP'PISH, adjective Proud; pettish. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Gor-Bellied

GOR'-BELLIED, adjective Big-bellied.

Shak.

Gor-Belly

GOR'-BELLY, noun [In Welsh gor signifies swelled, extreme, over.] A prominent belly. [Not in use.]

Gor-Cock

GOR'-COCK, noun The moor-cock, redgrouse, or red-game; a fowl of the gallinaceous kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Gor-Crow

GOR'-CROW, noun The carrion-crow.

Johnson.

Gord

GORD, noun An instrument of gaming.

Gordian

GORD'IAN, adjective Intricate. [See the next word.]

Gordian knot, in antiquity, a knot in the lether or harness of Gordius, a king of Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding where it began or ended. An oracle declared that he who should untie this knot should be master of Asia. Alexander, fearing that his inability to untie it should prove an ill augury, cut it asunder with his sword. Hence, in modern language, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot, is to remove a difficulty by bold or unusual measures.

Encyc. Lempriere.

Gore

GORE, noun [Saxon gor, gore, mud; Welsh gor; Irish cear, blood, and red; Greek; from issuing.]

1. Blood; but generally, thick or clotted blood; blood that after effusion becomes inspissated.

Milton.

2. Dirt; mud. [Unusual.]

Bp. Fisher.

Gore

GORE, noun [Scot. gore or gair; Icelandic geir; Dutch geer.]

1. A wedge-shaped or triangular piece of cloth sewed into a garment to widen it in any part.

Chaucer.

2. A slip or triangular piece of land.

Cowel.

3. In heraldry, an abatement denoting a coward. It consists of two arch lines, meeting in an acute angle in the middle of the fess point.

Encyc.

Gore

GORE, verb transitive [Welsh gyru, to thrust; Gipsey, goro, a dagger. See Hebrew. Class Greek No. 30. 35. 36. 53. 57. &c.]

1. To stab; to pierce; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear.

Dryden.

2. To pierce with the point of a horn.

If an ox gore a man or a womanÃ‚-- Exodus 21.

Gored

GO'RED, participle passive Stabbed; pierced with a pointed instrument.

Gorge

GORGE, n. gorj. [French gorge; Italian gorga, gorgia; Spanish gorja, the throat, and gorga, a whirlpool; gorgear, to warble; German gurgel, whence gargle; Latin gurges.]

1. The throat; the gullet; the canal of the neck by which food passes to the stomach.

2. In architecture, the narrowest part of the Tuscan and Doric capitals, between the astragal, above the shaft of the column, and the annulets.

Encyc.

3. In fortification, the entrance of the platform of any work.

Encyc.

4. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl.

Shak.

Gorge

GORGE, v. t. gorj. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities. Hence,

2. To glut; to fill the throat or stomach; to satiate.

The giant, gorged with fleshÃ‚--

Addison.

Gorge

GORGE, verb intransitive To feed.

Milton.

Gorged

GORG'ED, participle passive Swallowed; glutted.

Gorged

GORG'ED, adjective Having a gorge or throat.

Shak.

2. In heraldry, bearing a crown or the like about the neck.

Encyc.

Gorgeous

GOR'GEOUS, adjective Showy; fine; splendid; glittering with gay colors.

With gorgeous wings, the marks of sovereign sway.

Dryden.

A gorgeous robe. Luke 23.

Gorgeously

GOR'GEOUSLY, adverb With showy magnificence; splendidly; finely. The prince was gorgeously arrayed.

Gorgeousness

GOR'GEOUSNESS, noun Show of dress or ornament; splendor of raiment.

Gorget

GORG'ET, noun [French gorgette, from gorge.] A piece of armor for defending the throat or neck; a kind of breast-plate like a halfmoon; also, a small convex ornament worn by officers on the breast.

Encyc. Todd.

2. Formerly, a ruff worn by females.

3. In surgery, gorget, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used in lithotomy; also, a concave or cannulated conductor, called a blunt gorget.

Cyc. Encyc.

Gorging

GORG'ING, participle of the present tense Swallowing; eating greedily; glutting.

Gorgon

GORG'ON, noun [Greek] A fabled monster of terrific aspect, the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. The poets represent the Gorgons as three sisters, Stheno, Euryale and Medusa; but authors are not agreed in the description of them.

2. Any thing very ugly or horrid.

Milton.

Gorgon

GORG'ON, adjective Like a gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as a gorgon face.

Dryden.

Gorgonean

GORGO'NEAN, or GORGO'NIAN, adjective Like a gorgon; pertaining to gorgons.

Milton.

Gorgonia nobilis, in natural history, red coral.

Ure.

Gor-Hen

GOR'-HEN, noun The female of the gor-cock.

Goring

GO'RING, participle of the present tense [from gore.] Stabbing; piercing.

Goring

GO'RING, noun A pricking; puncture.

Dryden.

Gormand

GOR'MAND, or GOR'MANDER, noun [French gourmand, from Welsh gormant, plenitude, exuberance; gor, extreme; gormoz, excess.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton.

Gormandize

GOR'MANDIZE, verb intransitive To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously.

Shak.

Gormandizer

GOR'MANDIZER, noun A greedy voracious eater.

Cleaveland.

Gormandizing

GOR'MANDIZING, participle of the present tense Eating greedily and voraciously.

Gorse

GORSE, or GORSS, n. gors. [Saxon gorst. Qu. coarse, Latin crassus, or German kratzen, to scratch.]

Furz, or whin, a thick prickly shrub, of the genus Ulex, bearing yellow flowers in winter.

Johnson.

Gory

GO'RY, adjective [from gore.] Covered with congealed or clotted blood; as gory locks.

Shak.

2. Bloody; murderous.

Shak.

Goshawk

GOS'HAWK, noun [Saxon goshafoc, goosehawk.]

A voracious fowl of the genus Falco, or hawk kind, larger than the common buzzard, but of a more slender shape. The general color of the plumage is a deep brown; the breast and belly white.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Gosling

GOS'LING, noun [Saxon gos, goose, and ling.] A young goose; a goose not full grown.

2. A catkin on nut trees and pines.

Bailey. Johnson.

Gospel

GOS'PEL, noun [Saxon godspell; god, good, and spell, history, relation, narration, word, speech, that which is uttered, announced, sent or communicated; answering to the

Greek, Latin evangelium, a good or joyful message.]

The history of the birth, life, actions, death, resurrection, ascension and doctrines of Jesus Christ; or a revelation of the grace of God to fallen man through a mediator, including the character, actions, and doctrines of Christ, with the whole scheme of salvation, as revealed by Christ and his apostles. This gospel is said to have been preached to Abraham, by the promise, ``in thee shall all nations be blessed.' Galatians 3:8.

It is called the gospel of God. Romans 1:1.

It is called the gospel of Christ. Romans 1:16.

It is called the gospel of salvation. Ephesians 1:13.

2. God's word.

Hammond.

3. Divinity; theology.

Milton.

4. Any general doctrine.

Burke.

Gospel

GOS'PEL, verb transitive To instruct in the gospel; or to fill with sentiments of religion.

Shak.

Gospel-Gossip

GOS'PEL-GOSSIP, noun One who is overzealous in running about among his neighbors to lecture on religious subjects.

Addison.

Gospelize

GOS'PELIZE, verb transitive To form according to the gospel.

Milton.

2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the savages.

E. Nott.

Gospelized

GOS'PELIZED, participle passive Instructed in the christian religion.

Gospelizing

GOS'PELIZING, participle of the present tense Evangelizing; instructing in the christian religion.

E. Stiles.

Gospeller

GOS'PELLER, noun An evangelist; also, a follower of Wickliffe, the first Englishman who attempted a reformation from popery. [Not much used.]

Rowe.

2. He who reads the gospel at the altar.

Goss

GOSS, noun A kind of low furz or gorse.

Shak.

Gossamer

GOS'SAMER, noun [Latin gossipium, cotton.] A fine filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furz or low bushes, and is probably formed by a species of spider.

Encyc.

Gossamery

GOS'SAMERY, adjective Like gossamer; flimsy; unsubstantial.

Pursuits of Literature.

Gossip

GOS'SIP, noun [Saxon godsibb; god and sib or sibb, peace, adoption and relation; a Saxon name of a sponsor at baptism.]

1. A sponsor; one who answers for a child in baptism; a godfather. Obs.

Shak. Davies.

2. A tippling companion.

And sometimes lurk I in a gossip's bowl.

Shak.

3. One who runs from house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler. [This is the sense in which the word is now used.]

Dryden.

4. A friend or neighbor. Obs.

5. Mere tattle; idle talk.

Gossip

GOS'SIP, verb intransitive To prate; to chat; to talk much.

Shak.

2. To be a pot-companion.

Shak.

3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.

Gossiping

GOS'SIPING, participle of the present tense Prating; chatting; running from place to place and tattling.

Gossiping

GOS'SIPING, noun A prating; a running about to collect tales and tattle.

Gossipred

GOS'SIPRED, noun Compaternity; spiritual affinity, for which a juror might be challenged. [Not used.]

Davies.

Gossoon

GOSSOON', noun [French garÃƒ-§on, corrupted.] A boy; a servant. [Not in use.]

Gosting

GOS'TING, noun An herb.

Ainsworth.

Got

GOT, preterit tense of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced got, is nearly obsolete.

Got

GOT and GOTTEN, participle passive of get.

Goth

GOTH, noun One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or nation, which inhabited Scandinavia, now Sweden and Norway, whose language is now retained in those countries, and a large portion of it is found in English.

2. One rude or uncivilized; a barbarian.

Addison.

3. A rude ignorant person.

Chesterfield.

Gothamist

GO'THAMIST, noun A person deficient in wisdom, so called from Gotham in Nottinghamshire, noted for some pleasant blunders.

Bp. Morton.

Gothic

GOTH'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Goths; as Gothic customs; Gothic architecture; Gothic barbarity.

2. Rude; ancient.

3. Barbarous.

Gothic

GOTH'IC, noun The language of the Goths.

Gothicism

GOTH'ICISM, noun Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.

2. A Gothic idiom.

3. Conformity to the Gothic style of building.

Gothicize

GOTH'ICIZE, verb transitive To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.

Strutt.

Goud

GOUD, noun Woad. [Not used.]

Gouge

GOUGE, n. gouj. [French gouge; Armoric gouich.] A round hollow chissel, used to cut holes, channels or grooves in wood or stone.

Moxon.

Gouge

GOUGE, v. t. gouj. To scoop out with a gouge.

2. To force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger; a barbarous practice.

Gouland

GOUL'AND, noun A plant or flower.

B. Jonson.

Goulard's Extract, so called from the inventor, a saturated solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a remedy for inflammation.

Ure.

Gourd

GOURD, noun [French courge; Dutch kauwoerde. Qu. the root of gherkin.]

A plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucurbita. There are several species, as the bottle-gourd, the shell-gourd or calabash, the warted gourd, &c. The shell is sometimes used for a piggin or for a bottle.

Gourdiness

GOURDINESS, noun A swelling on a horse's leg after a journey.

Far. Dict.

Gourdy

GOURDY, adjective Swelled in the legs.

Gourd-Tree

GOURD-TREE, noun A tree, the Crescentia, found in the Welsh Indies.

Fam. of Plants.

Gourmand

GOURMAND. [See Gormand.]

Gout

GOUT, noun [French goutte, a drop, the gout; the disease being considered as a defluxion; Italian gotta; Spanish gota; Irish guta; Latin gutta. Qu. Pers. hot, infirm in the feet.]

1. The arthritis, a painful disease of the small joints, but sometimes affecting the stomach. It is often periodical or intermitting.

Coxe.

2. A drop. [Not used.]

Shak.

Gout

GOUT, n. goo. [French from Latin gustus, taste.] Taste; relish.

Goutiness

GOUT'INESS, noun The state of being subject to the gout; gouty affections.

Goutswelled

GOUT'SWELLED, adjective Swelled with the gout.

Goutwort

GOUT'WORT, noun A plant, the AEgopodium.

Gouty

GOUT'Y, adjective Diseased with the gout, or subject to the gout; as a gouty person; a gouty joint; a gouty constitution.

2. Pertaining to the gout; as gouty matter.

Blackmore.

3. Swelled; boggy; as gouty land. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Govern

GOV'ERN, verb transitive [French gouverner; Spanish gobernar; Italian governare; Latin guberno. The Latin guberno seems to be a compound.]

1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority; to keep within the limits prescribed by law or sovereign will. Thus in free states, men are governed by the constitution and laws; in despotic states, men are governed by the edicts or commands of a monarch. Every man should govern well his own family.

2. To regulate; to influence; to direct. This is the chief point by which he is to govern all his counsels and actions.

3. To control; to restrain; to keep in due subjection; as, to govern the passions or temper.

4. To direct; to steer; to regulate the course or motion of a ship. The helm or the helmsman governs the ship.

5. In grammar, to require to be in a particular case; as, a verb transitive governs a word in the accusative case; or to require a particular case; as, a verb governs the accusative case.

Govern

GOV'ERN, verb intransitive To exercise authority; to administer the laws. The chief magistrate should govern with impartiality.

2. To maintain the superiority; to have the control.

Dryden.

Governable

GOV'ERNABLE, adjective That may be governerned, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient; submissive to law or rule.

Locke.

Governance

GOV'ERNANCE, noun Government; exercise of authority; direction; control; management, either of a public officer, or of a private guardian or tutor.

Maccabees. Shak.

Governant

GOV'ERNANT, noun [French gouvernante.] A lady who has the care and management of young females; a governess. [The latter is more generally used.]

Governed

GOV'ERNED, participle passive Directed; regulated by authority; controlled; managed; influenced; restrained.

Governess

GOV'ERNESS, noun A female invested with authority to control and direct; a tutoress; an instructress; a woman who has the care of instructing and directing young ladies.

Governing

GOV'ERNING, participle of the present tense Directing; controlling; regulating by laws or edicts; managing; influencing; restraining.

2. adjective Holding the superiority; prevalent; as a governing wind; a governing party in a state.

Federalist, Jay.

3. Directing; controlling; as a governing motive.

Government

GOV'ERNMENT, noun Direction; regulation. These precepts will serve for the government of our conduct.

2. Control; restraint. Men are apt to neglect the government of their temper and passions.

3. The exercise of authority; direction and restraint exercised over the actions of men in communities, societies or states; the administration of public affairs, according to established constitution, laws and usages, or by arbitrary edicts. Prussia rose to importance under the government of Frederick II.

4. The exercise of authority by a parent or householder. Children are often ruined by a neglect of government in parents.

Let family government be like that of our heavenly Father, mild, gentle and affectionate.

Kollock.

5. The system of polity in a state; that form of fundamental rules and principles by which a nation or state is governed, or by which individual members of a body politic are to regulate their social actions; a constitution, either written or unwritten, by which the rights and duties of citizens and public officers are prescribed and defined; as a monarchial government, or a republican government.

Thirteen governments thus founded on the natural authority of the people alone, without the pretence of miracle or mystery, are a great point gained in favor of the rights of mankind.

J. Adams.

6. An empire, kingdom or state; any territory over which the right of sovereignty is extended.

7. The right of governing or administering the laws. The king of England vested the government of Ireland in the lord lieutenant.

8. The persons or council which administer the laws of a kingdom or state; executive power.

9. Manageableness; compliance; obsequiousness.

Shak.

10. Regularity of behavior. [Not in use.]

Shak.

11. Management of the limbs or body. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

12. In grammar, the influence of a word in regard to construction, as when established usage requires that one word should cause another to be in a particular case or mode.

Governmental

GOVERNMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to government; made by government.

Hamilton.

Governor

GOV'ERNOR, noun He that governs, rules or directs; one invested with supreme authority. The Creator is the rightful governor of all his creatures.

2. One who is invested with supreme authority to administer or enforce the laws; the supreme executive magistrate of a state, community, corporation or post. Thus, in America, each state has its governor; Canada has its governor.

3. A tutor; one who has the care of a young man; one who instructs him and forms his manners.

4. A pilot; one who steers a ship. James 3.

5. One possessing delegated authority. Joseph was governor over the land of Egypt. Obadiah was governor over Ahab's house. Damascus had a governor under Aretas the king.

Governorship

GOV'ERNORSHIP, noun The office of a governor.

Gowan

GOW'AN, noun A plant, a species of Bellis or daisy.

Fam. of Plants.

Gowk

GOWK, noun [See Gawk.]

Gown

GOWN, noun [Welsh gwn; Irish gunna; Italian gonna. This is probably the of Hesychius, and the guanacum of Varro; a garment somewhat like the sagum or sack, said to be of Persian origin, and among rude nations perhaps made of skins, [Welsh cÃƒ-¨nysgin,] and afterwards of wool; a kind of shag or frieze. Chaldee mentioned Judges 4:18. and 2 Kings 8:15. See Varro de Ling. Latin lib. 4. Bochart. De Phoen. Colossians 51b. 1. Cap. 42. and Cluv. Ant. Germ. Lib. 1.]

1. A woman's upper garment.

Pope.

2. A long loose upper garment or robe, worn by professional men, as divines, lawyers, students, &c., who are called men of the gown or gownmen. It is made of any kind of cloth worn over ordinary clothes, and hangs down to the ankles or nearly so.

Encyc.

3. A long loose upper garment, worn in sickness, &c.

4. The dress of peace, or the civil magistracy; cedant arma togoe.

He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield.

Dryden.

Gowned

GOWN'ED, adjective Dressed in a gown.

Dryden.

Gownman

GOWN'MAN, noun One whose professional habit is a gown.

The gownman learn'd.

Pope.

2. One devoted to the arts of peace.

Rowe.

Grab

GRAB, noun A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.

Dict.

Grab

GRAB, verb transitive [Danish greb, a grasp; griber, to gripe; Swedish grabba, to grasp; gripa, to gripe; Welsh grab, a duster.]

To seize; to gripe suddenly. [Vulgar.]

Grabble

GRAB'BLE, verb intransitive [dim. of grab; Dutch grabbelen; German grÃƒ-¼beln; allied to grope, grovel, and grapple; Armoric scraba; scrabble; allied to rub, or Latin rapio, or to both.]

1. To grope; to feel with the hands.

Arbuthnot.

2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl.

Ainsworth.

Grabbling

GRAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Groping; feeling along; sprawling.

Grace

GRACE, noun [French grace; Italian grazia; Spanish gracia; Irish grasa; from the Latin gratia, which is formed on the Celtic; Welsh rhad, grace, a blessing, a gratuity. It coincides in origin with French grÃƒ-©, agree, congruous, and ready. The primary sense of gratus, is free, ready, quick, willing, prompt, from advancing. Class Rd. See Grade.]

1. Favor; good will; kindness; disposition to oblige another; as a grant made as an act of grace.

Or each, or all, may win a lady's grace.

Dryden.

2. Appropriately, the free unmerited love and favor of God, the spring and source of all the benefits men receive from him.

And if by grace, then it is no more of works. Romans 11.

3. Favorable influence of God; divine influence or the influence of the spirit, in renewing the heart and restraining from sin.

My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Corinthians 12.

4. The application of Christ's righteousness to the sinner.

Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Romans 5.

5. A state of reconciliation to God. Romans 5:2.

6. Virtuous or religious affection or disposition, as a liberal disposition, faith, meekness, humility, patience, &c. proceeding from divine influence.

7. Spiritual instruction, improvement and edification. Ephesians 4:29.

8. Apostleship, or the qualifications of an apostle. Ephesians 3:8.

9. Eternal life; final salvation. 1 Peter 1:13.

10. Favor; mercy; pardon.

Bow and sue for grace

With suppliant knee.

Milton.

11. Favor conferred.

I should therefore esteem it a great favor and grace.

Prior.

12. Privilege.

To few great Jupiter imparts this grace.

Dryden.

13. That in manner, deportment or language which renders it appropriate and agreeable; suitableness; elegance with appropriate dignity. We say, a speaker delivers his address with grace; a man performs his part with grace.

Grace was in all her steps.

Milton.

Her purple habit sits with such a grace

On her smooth shoulders.

Dryden.

14. Natural or acquired excellence; any endowment that recommends the possessor to others; as the graces of wit and learning.

Hooker.

15. Beauty; embellishment; in general, whatever adorns and recommends to favor; sometimes, a single beauty.

I pass their form and every charming grace.

Dryden.

16. Beauty deified; among pagans, a goddess. The graces were three in number, Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, the constant attendants of Venus.

Lempriere.

The loves delighted, and the graces played.

Prior.

17. Virtue physical; as the grace of plants. [Not used.]

Shak.

18. The title of a duke or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England, meaning your goodness or clemency. His Grace the Duke of York. Your Grace will please to accept my thanks.

19. A short prayer before or after meat; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered.

20. In music, graces signifies turns, trills and shakes introduced for embellishment.

Day of grace, in theology, time of probation, when an offer is made to sinners.

Days of grace, in commerce, the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payor to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States the days of grace are three, but in other countries more; the usages of merchants being different.

Grace

GRACE, verb transitive To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.

Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.

Pope.

And hail, ye fair, of every charm possess'd,

Who grace this rising empire of the west.

Dutch Humphrey.

2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.

He might at his pleasure grace or disgrace whom he would in court.

Knolles.

3. To favor; to honor.

Dryden.

4. To supply with heavenly grace.

Bp. Hall.

Gracecup

GRA'CECUP, noun The cup or health drank after grace.

Prior.

Graced

GRA'CED, participle passive Adorned; embellished; exalted; dignified; honored.

2. adjective Beautiful; graceful. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

3. Virtuous; regular; chaste. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Graceful

GRA'CEFUL, adjective Beautiful with dignity; elegant; agreeable in appearance, with an expression of dignity or elevation of mind or manner; used particularly of motion, looks and speech; as a graceful walk; a graceful deportment; a graceful speaker; a graceful air.

High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode.

Dryden.

Gracefully

GRA'CEFULLY, adverb With a pleasing dignity; elegantly; with a natural ease and propriety; as, to walk or speak gracefully.

Gracefulness

GRA'CEFULNESS, noun Elegance of manner or deportment; beauty with dignity in manner, motion or countenance. Gracefulness consists in the natural ease and propriety of an action, accompanied with a countenance expressive of dignity or elevation of mind. Happy is the man who can add the gracefulness of ease to the dignity of merit.

Graceless

GRA'CELESS, adjective Void of grace; corrupt; depraved; unregenerate; unsanctified.

Gracelessly

GRA'CELESSLY, adverb Without grace.

Graces

GRA'CES, n. Good graces, favor; friendship.

Gracile

GRAC'ILE, adjective [Latin gracilis.] Slender. [Not in use.]

Gracility

GRACIL'ITY, noun Slenderness. [Not in use.]

Gracious

GRA'CIOUS, adjective [French gracieux; Latin gratiosus.]

1. Favorable; kind; friendly; as, the envoy met with a gracious reception.

2. Favorable; kind; benevolent; merciful; disposed to forgive offenses and impart unmerited blessings.

Thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Nehemiah 9.

3. Favorable; expressing kindness and favor.

All bore him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded from his mouth. Luke 4.

4. Proceeding from divine grace; as a person in a gracious state.

5. Acceptable; favored.

He made us gracious hefore the kings of Persia. [Little used.] 1 Esdras.

6. Renewed or implanted by grace; as gracious affections.

7. Virtuous; good.

Shak.

8. Excellent; graceful; becoming. Obs.

Hooker. Camden.

Graciously

GRA'CIOUSLY, adverb Kindly; favorably; in a friendly manner; with kind condescension.

His testimony he graciously confirmed.

Dryden.

2. In a pleasing manner.

Graciousness

GRA'CIOUSNESS, noun Kind condescension.

Clarendon.

2. Possession of graces or good qualities.

Bp. Barlow.

3. Pleasing manner.

Johnson.

4. Mercifulness.

Sandys.

Grackle

GRACK'LE, noun [Latin graculus, dim. of Gothic krage, a crow. See Crow. Varro's deduction of this word from grex is an error.]

A genus of birds, the Gracula, of which the crow-blackbird is a species.

Gradation

GRADA'TION, noun [Latin gradatio; French gradation. See Grade.]

1. A series of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by step; hence, progress from one degree or state to another; a regular advance from step to step. We observe a gradation in the progress of society from a rude to civilized life. Men may arrive by several gradations to the most horrid impiety.

2. A degree in any order or series; we observe a gradation in the scale of being, from brute to man, from man to angels.

3. Order; series; regular process by degrees or steps; as a gradation in argument or description.

Gradatory

GRAD'ATORY, adjective Proceeding step by step.

Seward.

Gradatory

GRAD'ATORY, noun Steps from the cloisters into the church.

Ainsworth.

Grade

GRADE, noun [French grade; Spanish Italian grado; Portugese grao; from Latin gradus, a step; gradior, to step, to go; German grad; Dutch graad; Danish and Swedish grad, a step or degree; Welsh grÃƒ-¢z, a step, degree, rank, from rhÃƒ-¢z, a going forward or advance, Armoric radd. It may be from a common root with Welsh rhawd, way, course, rout; rhodiaw, to walk about; rhod, a wheel, Latin rota. We observe by the Welsh that the first letter g is a prefix, and the root of the word then is Rd. We observe further that the Latin gradior forms gressus, by a common change of d to s, or as it is in Welsh z [th]. Now if g is a prefix, then gressus [ressus] coincides with the Swedish resa, Danish rejser, German reisen, Dutch reizen, to go, to travel, to journey; Dutch reis, a journey or voyage. In Swedish and Danish the verbs signify not only to travel, but to raise. Whether the latter word raise is of the same family, may be doubtful; but the others appear to belong to one radix, coinciding with the Syriac radah, to go, to walk; Chaldee to open, expand, flow, instruct; Hebrew to descend. A step then is a stretch, a reach of the foot. Class Rd. No. 1. 2. 26.]

1. A degree or rank in order or dignity, civil, military or ecclesiastical.

J.M. Mason. Walsh.

While questions, periods, and grades and privileges are never once formally discussed.

S. Miller.

2. A step or degree in any ascending series; as crimes of every grade.

When we come to examine the intermediate grades.

S. S. Smith.

Gradient

GRA'DIENT, adjective [Latin gradiens, gradior.] Moving by steps; walking; as gradient automata.

Wilkins.

Gradual

GRAD'UAL, adjective [French graduel, from grade.] Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing step by step; passing from one step to another; regular and slow; as a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual increase of light in the morning is favorable to the eyes.

2. Proceeding by degrees in a descending line or progress; as a gradual decline.

Gradual

GRAD'UAL, noun An order of steps.

Dryden.

2. A grail; an ancient book of hymns and prayers.

Todd.

Gradually

GRAD'UALLY, adverb By degrees; step by step; regularly; slowly. At evening the light vanishes gradually.

2. In degree. [Not used.]

Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.

Grew.

Graduate

GRAD'UATE, verb transitive [Italian graduare; Spanish graduar; French graduer; from Latin gradus, a degree.]

1. To honor with a degree or diploma, in a college or university; to confer a degree on; as, to graduate a master of arts.

Carew. Wotton.

2. To mark with degrees, regular intervals, or divisions; as, to graduate a thermometer.

3. To form shades or nice differences.

4. To raise to a higher place in the scale of metals.

Boyle.

5. To advance by degrees; to improve.

Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.

Brown.

6. To temper; to prepare.

Diseases originating in the atmosphere act exclusively on bodies graduated to receive their impressions.

Med. Repos.

7. To mark degrees or differences of any kind; as, to graduate punishment.

Duponceau.

8. In chimistry, to bring fluids to a certain degree of consistency.

Graduate

GRAD'UATE, verb intransitive To receive a degree from a college or university.

2. To pass by degrees; to change gradually. Sandstone which graduates into gneiss. Carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.

Kirwan.

Graduate

GRAD'UATE, noun One who has received a degree in a college or university, or from some professional incorporated society.

Graduated

GRAD'UATED, participle passive Honored with a degree or diploma from some learned society or college.

2. Marked with degrees or regular intervals; tempered.

Graduateship

GRAD'UATESHIP, noun The state of a graduate.

Milton.

Graduating

GRAD'UATING, participle of the present tense Honoring with a degree; marking with degrees.

Graduation

GRADUA'TION, noun Regular progression by succession of degrees.

2. Improvement; exaltation of qualities.

Brown.

3. The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees.

Charter of Dartmouth College.

4. The act of marking with degrees.

5. The process of bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation.

Parke.

Graduator

GRAD'UATOR, noun An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into equal parts.

Journ. of Science.

Graff

GRAFF, noun [See Grave.] A ditch or moat.

Clarendon.

Graff

GRAFF, for graft. Obs.

Graft

GR`AFT, noun [French greffe; Armoric id.; Irish grafchur; Dutch griffel; from the root of grave, engrave, Greek, Latin scribo, the sense of which is to scrape or to dig. In Scot. graif signifies to bury, to inter. The sense of graft is that which is inserted. See Grave.]

A small shoot or cion of a tree, inserted in another tree as the stock which is to support and nourish it. These unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.

Graft

GR`AFT, verb transitive [French greffer.] To insert a cion or shoot, or a small cutting of it, into another tree.

Dryden.

2. To propagate by insertion or inoculation.

Dryden.

3. To insert in a body to which it did not originally belong. Romans 11:17.

4. To impregnate with a foreign branch.

Shak.

5. To join one thing to another so as to receive support from it.

And graft my love immortal on thy fame.

Pope.

Graft

GR`AFT, verb intransitive To practice the insertion of foreign cions on a stock.

Grafted

GR`AFTED, participle passive Inserted on a foreign stock.

Grafter

GR`AFTER, noun One who inserts cions on foreign stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.

Grafting

GR`AFTING, participle of the present tense Inserting cions on different stocks.

Note. The true original orthography of this word is graff; but graft has superseded the original word, as it has in the compound ingraft.

Grail

GRAIL, noun [Latin graduale.] A book of offices in the Romish church.

Warton.

Grail

GRAIL, noun [French grÃƒ-ªle, hail.] Small particles of any kind.

Spenser.

Grain

GRAIN, noun [French grain; Latin granum; Spanish and Italian grano; German gran; Dutch graan; Irish gran, corn; Welsh graun, graen, gronyn, a little pebble or gravel stone, Irish grean, Armoric gruan, which seems to be the ground; Russian gran, grain, and a corner, a boundary. In Scot. grain is the branch of a tree, the stem or stalk of a plant, the branch of a river, the prong of a fork. In Swedish gryn is grain; grann, fine; gren, a branch; and gr?ns, boundary. Danish gran, a grain, a pine tree; grand, a grain, an atom; green, a branch, a sprig; groendse, a boundary; German gran, Dutch graan, grain; German grÃƒ-¤nze, Dutch grens, a border.]

1. Any small hard mass; as a grain of sand or gravel. Hence,

2. A single seed or hard seed of a plant, particularly of those kinds whose seeds are used for food of man or beast. This is usually inclosed in a proper shell or covered with a husk, and contains the embryo of a new plant. Hence,

3. Grain, without a definitive, signifies corn in general, or the fruit of certain plants which constitutes the chief food of man and beast, as wheat, rye, barley, oats and maiz.

4. A minute particle.

5. A small weight, or the smallest weight ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the scruple in apothecaries' weight, and the twenty fourth of a pennyweight troy.

6. A component part of stones and metals.

7. The veins or fibers of wood or other fibrous substance; whence, cross-grained, and against the grain.

8. The body or substance of wood as modified by the fibers.

Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.

Dryden.

9. The body or substance of a thing considered with respect to the size, form or direction of the constituent particles; as stones of a fine grain.

Woodward.

The tooth of a sea-horse, contains a curdled grain.

Brown.

10. Any thing proverbially small; a very small particle or portion; as a grain of wit or of common sense.

Neglect not to make use of any grain of grace.

Hammond.

11. Dyed or stained substance.

All in a robe of darkest grain.

Milton.

12. The direction of the fibers of wood or other fibrous substance; hence the phrase, against the grain, applied to animals, that is, against their natural tempers.

13. The heart or temper; as brothers not united in grain.

Hayward.

14. The form of the surface of any thing with respect to smoothness or roughness; state of the grit of any body composed of grains; as sandstone of a fine grain.

15. A tine, prong or spike.

Ray.

A grain of allowance, a small allowance or indulgence; a small portion to be remitted; something above or below just weight.

Watts.

To dye in grain, is to dye in the raw material, as wool or silk before it is manufactured.

Grain

GRAIN, verb intransitive To yield fruit. Obs.

Gower.

Grain

GRAIN, or GRANE, for groan. [Not in use.]

Grained

GRA'INED, adjective Rough; made less smooth.

Shak.

2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.

Brown.

Grainer

GRA'INER, noun A lixivium obtained by infusing pigeon's dung in water; used by tanners to give flexibility to skins.

Ure.

Graining

GRA'INING, noun Indentation.

Leake.

2. A fish of the dace kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Grains

GRAINS, noun [in the plural.] The husks or remains of malt after brewing, or of any grain after distillation.

Grains of paradise, an Indian spice, the seeds of a species of Amomum.

Grainstaff

GRA'INSTAFF, noun A quarter-staff.

Grainy

GRA'INY, adjective Full of grains or corn; full of kernels.

Johnson.

Graith

GRAITH, verb transitive To prepare. [See Greith and Ready.]

Grallic

GRAL'LIC, adjective [Latin gralloe, stilts, crutches.] Stilted; an epithet given to an order of fowls having long legs, naked above the knees, which fit them for wading in water.

Gram

GRAM, adjective [Saxon gram; Swedish id. angry; Danish gram, envious, grudging.] Angry. Obs.

Gram

GRAM, noun [French gramme, from Greek, whence, the twenty fourth part of an ounce.]

In the new system of French weights, the unity of weights. It is the weight of a quantity of distilled water equal to a cubic centimeter, or 18 grains 841/10000 French, or du poids de marc, equal to 15.444 grains troy.

Lunier.

Gramercy

GRAMERCY, for French grand-merci, is not in use. It formerly was used to express obligation.

Spenser.

Gramineal

GRAMIN'EAL, or GRAMIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin gramineus, from gramen, grass.]

Grassy; like or pertaining to grass. Gramineous plants are those which have simple leaves, a jointed stem, a husky calyx, termed glume, and a single seed. This description however includes several sorts of corn, as well as grass.

Milne.

Graminivorous

GRAMINIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin gramen, grass, and voro, to eat.]

Feeding or subsisting on grass. The ox and all the bovine genus of quadrupeds are graminivorous animals; so also the horse or equine genus.

Grammar

GRAM'MAR, noun [French grammaire; Latin grammatica; Greek, from, a letter, from, to write. See Grave.]

1. In practice, the art of speaking or writing a language with propriety or correctness, according to established usage.

As a science, grammar treats of the natural connection between ideas and words, and developes the principles which are common to all languages.

2. A system of general principles and of particular rules for speaking or writing a language; or a digested compilation of customary forms of speech in a nation; also, a book containing such principles and rules.

3. Propriety of speech. To write grammar, we must write according to the practice of good writers and speakers.

Grammar

GRAM'MAR, verb intransitive To discourse according to the rules of grammar. Obs.

Grammar

GRAM'MAR, adjective Belonging to or contained in grammar; as a grammar rule.

Grammar-School

GRAM'MAR-SCHOOL, noun A school in which the learned languages are taught. By learned languages, we usually mean the Latin and Greek; but others may be included.

Grammarian

GRAMMA'RIAN, noun One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.

2. One who teaches grammar.

Grammatical

GRAMMAT'ICAL, adjective [French] Belonging to grammar; as a grammatical rule.

2. According to the rules of grammar. We say, a sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.

Grammatically

GRAMMAT'ICALLY, adverb According to the principles and rules of grammar; as, to write or speak grammatically.

Grammaticaster

GRAMMAT'ICASTER, noun [Latin] A low grammarian; a pretender to a knowledge of grammar; a pedant.

Petty.

Grammaticize

GRAMMAT'ICIZE, verb transitive To render grammatical.

Johnson.

Grammatist

GRAM'MATIST, noun A pretender to a knowledge of grammar.

H. Tooke.

Grammatite

GRAM'MATITE, noun [See Tremolite.]

Grample

GRAM'PLE, noun A crab-fish.

Grampus

GRAM'PUS, noun [grampoise; French grandpoisson, contracted. Spelman.]

A fish of the cetaceous order, and genus Delphinus. This fish grows to the length of twenty five feet, and is remarkably thick in proportion to its length. The nose is flat and turns up at the end. It has 30 teeth in each jaw. The spout-hole is on the top of the neck. The color of the back is black; the belly is of a snowy whiteness; and on each shoulder is a large white spot. This fish is remarkably voracious.

Granadilla

GRANADIL'LA, noun [Spanish] A plant; the fruit of the Passiflora quadrangulata.

Cyc.

Granade

GRANADE, GRANADO. [See Grenade.]

Granary

GRAN'ARY, noun [Latin granarium, from granum, grain; French grenier.]

A store house or repository of grain after it is thrashed; a corn-house.

Granate

GRAN'ATE, noun Usually written garnet, which see.

Granatite

GRAN'ATITE, noun [See Grenatite.]

Grand

GRAND, adjective [French grand; Spanish and Italian grande; Latin grandis; Norm. grant. If n is casual, this word coincides with great. But most probably it belongs to the Class Rn. The sense is to extend, to advance; hence it signifies old, advanced in age, as well as great.]

1. Great; but mostly in a figurative sense; illustrious; high in power or dignity; as a grand lord.

Raleigh.

2. Great; splendid; magnificent; as a grand design; a grand parade; a grand view or prospect.

3. Great; principal; chief; as Satan our grand foe.

Milton.

4. Noble; sublime; lofty; conceived or expressed with great dignity; as a grand conception.

In general, we apply the epithet grand to that which is great and elevated, or which elevates and expands our ideas. The ocean, the sky, a lofty tower are grand objects. But to constitute a thing grand, it seems necessary that it should be distinguished by some degree of beauty.

Elem. of Criticism.

5. Old; more advanced; as in grandfather, grandmother, that is, old-father; and to correspond with this relation, we use grandson, granddaughter, grandchild.

Grandam

GRAN'DAM, noun [grand and dame.] Grandmother.

Shak.

2. An old woman.

Dryden.

Grandchild

GRAND'CHILD, noun A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.

Granddaughter

GRAND'DAUGHTER, noun The daughter of a son or daughter.

Grandee

GRANDEE', noun [Spanish grande.] A nobleman; a man of elevated rank or station. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who has the king's leave to be covered in his presence.

Encyc.

Grandeeship

GRANDEE'SHIP, noun The rank or estate of a grandee.

Swinburne.

Grandeur

GRAND'EUR, noun [French from grand.] In a general sense, greatness; that quality or combination of qualities in an object, which elevates or expands the mind, and excites pleasurable emotions in him who views or contemplates it. Thus the extent and uniformity of surface in the ocean constitute grandeur; as do the extent, the elevation, and the concave appearance or vault of the sky. So we speak of the grandeur of a large and well proportioned edifice, of an extensive range of lofty mountains, of a large cataract, of a pyramid, &c.

2. Splendor of appearance; state; magnificence; as the grandeur of a court, of a procession, &c.

3. Elevation of thought, sentiment or expression. We speak of the grandeur of conceptions, and of style or diction.

4. Elevation of mien or air and deportment.

Grandevity

GRANDEV'ITY, noun Great age. [Not used.]

Grandevous

GRANDE'VOUS, adjective Of great age. [Not used.]

Grandfather

GRAND'F`ATHER, noun A father's or mother's father; the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.

Grandiloquence

GRANDIL'OQUENCE, noun Lofty speaking; lofty expressions.

More.

Grandiloquous

GRANDIL'OQUOUS, adjective [Latin grandiloquus; grandis and loquor, to speak.] Speaking in a lofty style.

Grandinous

GRAND'INOUS, adjective [Latin grando.] Consisting of hail.

Dict.

Grandity

GRAND'ITY, noun Greatness; magnificence. [Not used.]

Camden.

Grandjuror

GRANDJU'ROR, noun One of a grand jury. In Connecticut, a peace-officer.

Grand Jury

GRAND JU'RY, noun [grand and jury.] A jury whose duty is to examine into the grounds of accusation against offenders, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them to be presented to the court.

Grandly

GRAND'LY, adverb In a lofty manner; splendidly; sublimely.

Grandmother

GRAND'MOTHER, noun The mother of one's father or mother.

Grandness

GRAND'NESS, noun Grandeur; greatness with beauty; magnificence.

Wollaston.

Grandsire

GRAND'SIRE, noun A grandfather.

2. In poetry and rhetoric, any ancestor.

Dryden. Pope.

Grandson

GRAND'SON, noun The son of a son or daughter.

Grange

GRANGE, n. granj. [French grange, a barn; grangier, a farmer; Spanish grangear, to cultivate; grangero, a farmer; Irish grainseach, a grange; Scot. grange, the buildings belonging to a corn farm, originally a place where the rents and tithes, paid in grain to religious houses, were deposited; from granum, grain.]

A farm, with the buildings, stables, &c.

Milton. Shak.

Granilite

GRAN'ILITE, noun [See Granit.] Indeterminate granit; granit that contains more than three constituent parts.

Kirwan.

Granit

GRAN'IT, or GRAN'ITE, noun [French granit; Italian granito, grained.]

In mineralogy, an aggregate stone or rock, composed of crystaline grains of quartz, feldspar and mica, or at least of two of these minerals, united without a cement, or confusedly crystalized. The grains vary in size from that of a pin's head, to a mass of two or three feet; but usually the largest size is that of a nut. The color of granit is greatly diversified by the different colors and proportions of the component parts, and in general these stones are very hard.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Kirwan.

Granitel

GRAN'ITEL, noun [dim. of granit.] A binary aggregate of minerals; a granitic compound containing two constituent parts, as quartz and feldspar, or quartz and shorl or hornblend.

Kirwan.

Italian workmen give this name to a variety of gray granit consisting of small grains.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Granitic

GRANIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to granit; like granit; having the nature of granit; as granitic texture.

2. Consisting of granit; as granitic mountains.

Granitic aggregates, in mineralogy, granular compounds of two or more simple minerals, in which only one of the essential ingredients of granit is present; as quartz and hornblend, feldspar and shorl, &c. Similar compounds occur, in which none of the ingredients of granit are present.

Cleaveland.

Granitin

GRAN'ITIN, noun A granitic aggregate of three species of minerals, some of which differ from the species which compose granit; as quartz, feldspar, and jade or shorl.

Kirwan.

Granivorous

GRANIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin granum, grain, and voro, to eat.]

Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as granivorous birds.

Brown.

Grannam, for grandam, a grandmother. [Vulgar.]

B. Jonson.

Grant

GR`ANT, verb transitive [Norm. granter, to grant, to promise, or agree. I have not found this word in any other language. Perhaps n is not radical, for in some ancient charters it is written grat. ``Gratamus et concedimus.' Spelman.]

1. To admit as true what is not proved; to allow; to yield; to concede. We take that for granted which is supposed to be true.

Grant that the fates have firmed, by their decreeÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. To give; to bestow or confer on without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request.

Thou hast granted me life and favor. Job 10.

God granted him that which he requested. 1 Chronicles 4.

3. To transfer the title of a thing to another, for a good or valuable consideration; to convey by deed or writing. The legislature have granted all the new land.

Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chronicles 21.

Grant

GR`ANT, noun The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring.

2. The thing granted or bestowed; a gift; a boon.

3. In law, a conveyance in writing, of such things as cannot pass or be transferred by word only, as land, rents, reversions, tithes, &c.

A grant is an executed contract.

Z. Swift.

4. Concession; admission of something as true.

Dryden.

5. The thing conveyed by deed or patent.

Grantable

GR`ANTABLE, adjective That may be granted or conveyed.

Granted

GR`ANTED, participle passive Admitted as true; conceded; yielded; bestowed; conveyed.

Grantee

GRANTEE', noun The person to whom a conveyance is made.

Granting

GR`ANTING, participle of the present tense Admitting; conceding; bestowing; conveying.

Grantor

GR`ANTOR, noun The person who grants; one who conveys lands, rents, &c.

Granular

GRAN'ULAR, adjective [from Latin granum, grain.]

1. Consisting of grains; as a granular substance.

2. Resembling grains; as a stone of granular appearance.

Granulate

GRAN'ULATE, verb transitive [French granuler, from Latin granum.]

1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder or sugar.

2. To raise into small asperities; to make rough on the surface.

Ray.

Granulate

GRAN'ULATE, verb intransitive To collect or be formed into grains; as cane-juice granulates into sugar; melted metals granulate when poured into water.

Granulated

GRAN'ULATED, participle passive Formed into grains.

2. adjective Consisting of grains; resembling grains.

Granulating

GRAN'ULATING, participle of the present tense Forming into grains.

Granulation

GRANULA'TION, noun The act of forming into grains; as the granulation of powder and sugar. In chimistry, the granulation of metallic substances is performed by pouring the melted substances slowly into water, which is, at the same time, agitated with a broom.

Encyc.

Granule

GRAN'ULE, noun [Spanish granillo, from Latin granum.] A little grain; a small particle.

Granulous

GRAN'ULOUS, adjective Full of grains; abounding with granular substances.

Grape

GRAPE, noun [This word is from the root of grab, gripe, and signifies primarily a cluster or bunch; French grappe de raisin, a bunch of grapes; Welsh grab, a cluster, a grape; grabin, a clasping; Italian grappa, a grappling; grappo, a cluster, a bunch of grapes.]

1. Properly, a cluster of the fruit of the vine; but with us, a single berry of the vine; the fruit from which wine is made by expression and fermentation.

2. In the manege, grapes signifies mangy tumors on the legs of a horse.

Grape-Hyacinth

GRAPE-HYACINTH, noun A plant or flower, a species of Hyacinthus.

Grapeless

GRA'PELESS, adjective Wanting the strength and flavor of the grape.

Jenyns.

Grapeshot

GRA'PESHOT, noun A cluster of small shot, confined in a canvas bag, forming a kind of cylinder, whose diameter is equal to that of the ball adapted to the cannon.

Encyc.

Grapestone

GRA'PESTONE, noun The stone or seed of the grape.

Graphic

GRAPH'IC, or GRAPH'ICAL, adjective [Latin graphicus; Greek, from, to write.]

1. Pertaining to the art of writing or delineating.

2. Well delineated.

Bacon.

3. Describing with accuracy.

Graphically

GRAPH'ICALLY, adverb With good delineation; in a picturesque manner.

Brown.

Graphite

GRAPH'ITE, noun [Greek, to write.] Carburet of iron, a substance used for pencils, and very improperly called black-lead.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cleaveland.

Grapholite

GRAPH'OLITE, noun [supra.] A species of slate proper for writing on.

Graphometer

GRAPHOM'ETER, noun [Greek, to describe, and, measure.]

A mathematical instrument, called also a semicircle, whose use is to observe any angle whose vertex is at the center of the instrument in any plane, and to find how many degrees it contains.

Encyc.

Graphometrical

GRAPHOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to or ascertained by a graphometer.

Grapnel

GRAP'NEL, or GRAP'LING, noun [French grappin. See Grapple.]

1. A small anchor fitted with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels.

2. A grappling iron, used to seize and hold one ship to another in engagements. This is called a fire grapling.

Grapple

GRAP'PLE, verb transitive [Gothic greipan, to gripe; German greifen; Dutch grypen; Danish griber; Swedish grabba, gripa; Italian grappare; Welsh crapeaw. See Grape and Gripe.]

1. To seize; to lay fast hold on, either with the hands or with hooks. We say, a man grapples his antagonist, or a ship grapples another ship.

2. To fasten; to fix, as the mind or heart. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Grapple

GRAP'PLE, verb intransitive To seize; to contend in close fight, as wrestlers.

Milton. Addison.

To grapple with, to contend with, to struggle with successfully.

Shak.

Grapple

GRAP'PLE, noun A seizing; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.

Milton.

2. Close fight.

Shak.

3. A hook or iron instrument by which one ship fastens on another.

Dryden.

Grapplement

GRAP'PLEMENT, noun A grappling; close fight or embrace.

Grapy

GRA'PY, adjective Like grapes; full of clusters of grapes.

Addison.

2. Made of grapes.

Gay.

Grasp

GR`ASP, verb transitive [Italian graspare.] To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms. We say, to grasp with the hand, or with the arms.

2. To catch; to seize; to lay hold of; to take possession of. Kings often grasp more than they can hold.

Grasp

GR`ASP, verb intransitive To catch or seize; to gripe.

Dryden.

2. To struggle; to strive. [Not in use.]

3. To encroach.

Dryden.

To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize. Alexander grasped at universal empire.

Grasp

GR`ASP, noun The gripe or seizure of the hand. This seems to be its proper sense; but it denotes also a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms.

2. Possession; hold.

3. Reach of the arms; and figuratively, the power of seizing. Bonaparte seemed to think he had the Russian empire within his grasp.

Grasped

GR`ASPED, participle passive Seized with the hands or arms; embraced; held; possessed.

Grasper

GR`ASPER, noun One who grasps or seizes; one who catches at; one who holds.

Grasping

GR`ASPING, participle of the present tense Seizing; embracing; catching; holding.

Grass

GR`ASS, noun [Saxon groes, goers or groed; Gothic gras; German, Dutch gras; Swedish gr?s; Danish groes. In German rasen is turf, sod, and verrasen, to overgrow with grass; hence, g may be a prefix. Grass may be allied to Greek,.]

1. In common usage, herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts.

2. In botany, a plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, and the seed single. This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, &c., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.

Encyc.

Grass of Parnassus, a plant, the Parnassia.

Grass

GR`ASS, verb transitive To cover with grass or with turf.

Grass

GR`ASS, verb intransitive To breed grass; to be covered with grass.

Tusser.

Grassation

GRASSA'TION, noun [Latin grassatio.] A wandering about. [Little used.]

Grass-Green

GR`ASS-GREEN, adjective Green with grass.

Shenstone.

2. Dark green, like the color of grass.

Grass-Grown

GR`ASS-GROWN, adjective Overgrown with grass.

Thomson.

Grasshopper

GR`ASSHOPPER, noun [grass and hop.] An animal that lives among grass, a species of Gryllus.

Grassiness

GR`ASSINESS, noun [from grassy.] The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.

Grassless

GR`ASSLESS, adjective Destitute of grass.

Grassplot

GR`ASSPLOT, noun A plat or level spot covered with grass.

Grasspoly

GR`ASSPOLY, noun A plant, a species of Lythrum or willow-wort.

Grassvetch

GR`ASSVETCH, noun A plant of the genus Lathyrus.

Grasswrack

GR`ASSWRACK, noun A plant, the Zostera.

Grassy

GR`ASSY, adjective Covered with grass; abounding with grass.

Spenser.

2. Resembling grass; green.

Grate

GRATE, noun [Italian grata, Latin crates, a grate, a hurdle. Qu. its alliance to the verb, to grate.]

1. A work or frame, composed of parallel or cross bars, with interstices; a kind of lattice-work, such as is used in the windows of prisons and cloisters.

2. An instrument or frame of iron bars for holding coals, used as fuel, in houses, stores, shops, &c.

Grate

GRATE, verb transitive To furnish with grates; to make fast with cross bars.

Grate

GRATE, verb transitive [French gratter, Italian grattare, to scratch; Danish grytter, to grate, to break; Spanish grieta, a scratch, a crevice; Welsh rhathu, to rub off, to strip, to clear; rhathell, a rasp. See the Shemitic, and. Class Rd. No. 38. 58. 62. 81. If g is a prefix, this word coincides with Latin rado. See Cry.]

1. To rub, as a body with a rough surface against another body; to rub one thing against another, so as to produce a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth.

2. To wear away in small particles, by rubbing with any thing rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.

3. To offend; to fret; to vex; to irritate; to mortify; as, harsh words grate the heart; they are grating to the feelings; harsh sounds grate the ear.

4. To make a harsh sound, by rubbing or the friction of rough bodies.

Milton.

Grate

GRATE, verb intransitive To rub hard, so as to offend; to offend by oppression or importunity.

This grated harder upon the hearts of men.

South.

2. To make a harsh sound by the friction of rough bodies.

Hooker.

Grate

GRATE, adjective [Latin gratus.] Agreeable. [Not in use.]

Grated

GRA'TED, participle passive Rubbed harshly; worn off by rubbing.

2. Furnished with a grate; as grated windows.

Grateful

GRA'TEFUL, adjective [from Latin gratus. See Grace.]

1. Having a due sense of benefits; kindly disposed towards one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay benefits; as a grateful heart.

2. Agreeable; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; as a grateful present; a grateful offering.

3. Pleasing to the taste; delicious; affording pleasure; as food or drink grateful to the appetite.

Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,

And grateful clusters swell with floods of wine.

Pope.

Gratefully

GRA'TEFULLY, adverb With a due sense of benefits or favors; in a manner that disposes to kindness, in return for favors. The gift was gratefully received.

2. In a pleasing manner. Study continually furnishes something new, which may strike the imagination gratefully.

Gratefulness

GRA'TEFULNESS, noun The quality of being grateful; gratitude.

2. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant to the mind or to the taste.

Grater

GRA'TER, noun [See Grate.] An instrument or utensil with a rough indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of a body; as a grater for nutmegs.

Gratification

GRATIFICA'TION, noun [Latin gratificatio, from gratificor; gratus and facio, to make.]

1. The act of pleasing, either the mind, the taste or the appetite. We speak of the gratification of the taste or the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the mind, soul or heart.

2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; delight. It is not easy to renounce gratifications to which we are accustomed.

3. Reward; recompense.

Morton.

Gratified

GRAT'IFIED, participle passive Pleased; indulged according to desire.

Gratifier

GRAT'IFIER, noun One who gratifies or pleases.

Gratify

GRAT'IFY, verb transitive [Latin gratificor; gratus, agreeable, and facio, to make.]

1. To please; to give pleasure to; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, &c.

2. To delight; to please; to humor; to soothe; to satisfy; to indulge to satisfaction.

For who would die to gratify a foe?

Dryden.

3. To requite; to recompense.

Gratifying

GRAT'IFYING, participle of the present tense Pleasing; indulging to satisfaction.

2. adjective Giving pleasure; affording satisfaction.

Grating

GRA'TING, participle of the present tense [See Grate.] Rubbing; wearing off in particles.

2. adjective Fretting; irritating; harsh; as grating sounds, or a grating reflection.

Grating

GRA'TING, or GRA'TINGS, noun [See Grate.] A partition of bars; an open cover for the hatches of a ship, resembling lattice-work.

Mar. Dict.

Gratingly

GRA'TINGLY, adverb Harshly; offensively; in a manner to irritate.

Gratis

GRA'TIS, adverb [Latin] For nothing; freely; without recompense; as, to give a thing gratis; to perform service gratis.

Gratitude

GRAT'ITUDE, noun [Latin gratitudo, from gratus, pleasing. See Grace.]

An emotion of the heart, excited by a favor or benefit received; a sentiment of kindness or good will towards a benefactor; chankfulness. Gratitude is an agreeable emotion, consisting in or accompanied with good will to a benefactor, and a disposition to make a suitable return of benefits or services, or when no return can be made, with a desire to see the benefactor prosperous and happy. Gratitude is a virtue of the highest excellence, as it implies a feeling and generous heart, and a proper sense of duty.

The love of God is the sublimest gratitude.

Paley.

Gratuitous

GRATU'ITOUS, adjective [Latin gratuitus, from gratus; French gratuit; Italian gratuito. See Grace.] Free; voluntary; not required by justice; granted without claim or merit.

We mistake the gratuitous blessings of heaven for the fruits of our own industry.

L'Estrange.

Asserted or taken without proof; as a gratuitous argument or affirmation.

Gratuitously

GRATU'ITOUSLY, adverb Freely; voluntarily; without claim or merit; without an equivalent or compensation; as labor or services gratuitously bestowed.

2. Without proof; as a principle gratuitously assumed.

Gratuity

GRATU'ITY, noun [French gratuitÃƒ-©, from gratuit, from gratus.]

1. A free gift; a present; a donation; that which is given without a compensation or equivalent.

2. Something given in return for a favor; an acknowledgment.

Gratulate

GRAT'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin gratulor, from gratus, pleasing, grateful; Russian with the prefix na, nagrada, recompense; nagrajdayu, to gratify, to reward. See Grace.]

1. To express joy or pleasure to a person, on account of his success, or the reception of some good; to salute with declarations of joy; to congratulate. [The latter word is more generally used.]

To gratulate the gentle princes there.

Shak.

2. To wish or express joy to.

Shak.

3. To declare joy for; to mention with joy.

B. Jonson.

Gratulated

GRAT'ULATED, participle passive Addressed with expressions of joy.

Gratulating

GRAT'ULATING, participle of the present tense Addressing with expressions of joy, on account of some good received.

Gratulation

GRATULA'TION, noun [Latin gratulatio.] An address or expression of joy to a person, on account of some good received by him; congratulation.

I shall turn my wishes into gratulations.

South.

Gratulatory

GRAT'ULATORY, adjective Expressing gratulation; congratulatory.

Grave

GRAVE, a final syllable, is a grove, Saxon groef; or it is an officer, German graf.

Grave

GRAVE, verb transitive pret. graved; pp. graven or graved. [French graver; Spanish grabar; Saxon grafan; German graben; Dutch graaven; Danish graver; Swedish grafva; Armoric engraffi, engravi; Irish grafadh, grafaim; Welsh criviaw, from rhiv; Greek, to write; originally all writing was graving; to scrape; Chaldee and Syriac to plow. See Class Rb. No. 30.]

1. To carve or cut letters or figures on stone or other hard substance, with a chisel or edged tool; to engrave. [The latter word is now more generally used.]

Thou shalt take two onyx-stones and grave on them the names of the children of Israel. Exodus 28.

2. To carve; to form or shape by cutting with a chisel; as, to grave an image.

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image. Exodus 20.

3. To clean a ship's bottom by burning off filth, grass or other foreign matter, and paying it over with pitch.

4. To entomb. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Grave

GRAVE, verb intransitive To carve; to write or delineate on hard substances; to practice engraving.

Grave

GRAVE, noun [Saxon groef; German grab; Dutch Swedish graf; Danish grav; Russian grob, a ditch, a trench, a grave; Latin scrobs. See the Verb.]

1. The ditch, pit or excavated place in which a dead human body is deposited; a place for the corpse of a human being; a sepulcher.

2. A tomb.

3. Any place where the dead are reposited; a place of great slaughter or mortality. Flanders was formerly the grave of English armies. Russia proved to be the grave of the French army under Bonaparte. The tropical climates are the grave of American seamen and of British soldiers.

4. Graves, in the plural, sediment of tallow melted. [Not in use or local.]

Grave-Clothes

GRA'VE-CLOTHES, noun The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.

Grave-Digger

GRA'VE-DIGGER, noun One whose occupation is to dig graves.

Grave-Maker

GRA'VE-MAKER, noun A grave-digger.

Shak.

Grave-Stone

GRA'VE-STONE, noun A stone laid over a grave, or erected near it, as a monument to preserve the memory of the dead.

Grave

GRAVE, adjective [French Spanish Italian grave; Armoric grevus; from Latin gravÃƒ-®s, heavy, whence Latin gravo, and aggravo, to aggravate. Hence grief, which see. Arabic karaba, to overload, to press, to grieve. Class Rb. No. 30.] Properly, pressing, heavy. Hence,

1. In music, low; depressed; solemn; opposed to sharp, acute, or high; as a grave tone or sound. Sometimes grave denotes slow.

2. Solemn; sober; serious; opposed to gay, light or jovial; as a man of a grave deportment; a grave character.

Youth on silent wings is flown;

Graver years come rolling on.

Prior.

3. Plain; not gay; not showy or tawdry; as a grave suit of clothes.

4. Being of weight; of a serious character; as a grave writer.

Graved

GRA'VED, participle passive [See the Verb.] Carved; engraved; cleaned, as a ship.

Gravel

GRAV'EL, noun [French gravelle, gravier; Armoric grevell, or maen-gravell, [stone gravel;] German grober sand, coarse sand; Dutch graveel. Probably from rubbing, grating. See Grave, the verb.]

1. Small stones or fragments of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the particles of sand, but often intermixed with them.

2. In medicine, small calculous concretions in the kidneys and bladder.

Cyc.

Gravel

GRAV'EL, verb transitive To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.

2. To stick in the sand.

Camden.

3. To puzzle; to stop; to embarrass.

Prior.

4. To hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe.

Graveled

GRAV'ELED, participle passive Covered with gravel; stopped; embarrassed; injured by gravel.

Graveless

GRA'VELESS, adjective [from grave.] Without a grave or tomb; unburied.

Shak.

Gravelly

GRAV'ELLY, adjective [from gravel.] Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as a gravelly soil or land.

Gravel-Walk

GRAV'EL-WALK, noun A walk or alley covered with gravel, which makes a hard and dry bottom; used in gardens and malls.

Gravely

GRA'VELY, adverb [from grave.] In a grave, solemn manner; soberly; seriously.

The queen of learning gravely smiles.

Swift.

2. Without gaudiness or show; as, to be dressed gravely.

Graveness

GRA'VENESS, noun Seriousness; solemnity; sobriety of behavior; gravity of manners or discourse.

Denham.

Graver

GRA'VER, noun [See Grave.] One who carves or engraves; one whose profession is to cut letters or figures in stone, &c.; a sculptor.

2. An engraving tool; an instrument for graving on hard substances.

Gravid

GRAV'ID, adjective [Latin gravidus, from gravis, heavy.]

Pregnant; being with child.

Herbert.

Gravidated

GRAV'IDATED, adjective Made pregnant; big. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Gravidation

GRAVIDA'TION, noun Pregnancy. [Not in use.]

Pearson.

Gravidity

GRAVID'ITY, noun Pregnancy. [Not in use.]

Arbuthnot.

Graving

GRA'VING, participle of the present tense Engraving; carving; cutting figures on stone, copper or other hard substance.

Graving

GRA'VING, noun Carved work. 2 Chronicles 2.

2. Impression.

King Charles.

Gravitate

GRAV'ITATE, verb intransitive [Spanish gravitar; French graviter; from Latin gravitas, from gravis, heavy.]

To tend to the center of a body, or the central point of attraction. Thus a body elevated above the earth tends to fall, that is, it gravitates towards the center of the earth; and the planets are supposed to gravitate towards the sun, or center of the solar system.

Gravitating

GRAV'ITATING, participle of the present tense Tending to the center of a body or system of bodies.

Gravitation

GRAVITA'TION, noun The act of tending to the center.

2. The force by which bodies are pressed or drawn, or by which they tend towards the center of the earth or other center, or the effect of that force. Thus the falling of a body to the earth is ascribed to gravitation.

Encyc.

Gravity

GRAV'ITY, noun [French gravitÃƒ-©; Spanish gravidad; Latin gravitas, from gravis, heavy. See Grave.]

1. Weight; heaviness.

2. In philosophy, that force by which bodies tend or are pressed or drawn towards the center of the earth, or towards some other center, or the effect of that force; in which last sense gravity is synonymous with weight.

Encyc.

Gravity is the tendency of great bodies to a center, or the sum or results of all the attractions of all the molecules composing a great body.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

The force of gravity in a body is in direct proportion to its quantity of matter.

3. Specific gravity, the weight belonging to an equal bulk of every different substance. Thus the exact weight of a cubic inch of gold, compared with that of a cubic inch of water or tin, is called its specific gravity. The specific gravity of bodies is usually ascertained by weighing them in distilled water.

Encyc.

4. Seriousness; sobriety of manners; solemnity of deportment or character.

Great Cato there, for gravity renowned.

Dryden.

5. Weight; enormity; atrociousness; as the gravity of an injury. [Not used.]

Hooker.

6. In music, lowness of sound.

Gravy

GRA'VY, noun The fat and other liquid matter that drips from flesh in roasting, or when roasted or baked, or a mixture of that juice with flour.

Gray

GRAY, adjective [Saxon grig, groeg; German grau; Dutch graauw; Danish graae; Swedish grÃƒ-¥; Italian grigio; Irish gre. This is probably, Groecus, Greek, Graii, the name given to the Greeks, on account of their fair complexion compared with the Asiatics and Africans. [See Europe.]

,

.Ã‚--

Hesiod. Theog. 270.

``Keto bore to Phorcus the Graiae with fair cheeks, white from their birth, and hence they were called Graiae.' The Greek word is rendered an old woman, and in this passage of Hesiod, is supposed to mean certain deities. The probability is, that it is applied to an old woman, because she is gray. But the fable of Hesiod is easily explained by supposing the author to have had in his mind some imperfect account of the origin of the Greeks.]

1. White, with a mixture of black.

These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks.

Newton.

2. White; hoary; as gray hair. We apply the word to hair that is partially or wholly white.

3. Dark; of a mixed color; of the color of ashes; as gray eyes; the gray-eyed morn.

Gay. Shak.

4. Old; mature; as gray experience.

Ames.

Gray

GRAY, noun A gray color.

Parnel.

2. A badger.

Ainsworth.

Gray-Beard

GRA'Y-BEARD, noun An old man.

Shak.

Gray-Eyed

GRA'Y-EYED, adjective Having gray eyes.

Grayfly

GRA'YFLY, noun The trumpet-fly.

Milton.

Gray-Haired

GRA'Y-HAIRED, adjective Having gray hair.

Gray-Headed

GRA'Y-HEADED, adjective Having a gray head or gray hair.

Grayhound

GRA'YHOUND, noun [Saxon grighund.] A tall fleet dog, used in the chase.

Grayish

GRA'YISH, adjective Somewhat gray; gray in a moderate degree.

Grayling

GRA'YLING, noun A fish of the genus Salmo, called also umber, a voracious fish, about sixteen or eighteen inches in length, of a more elegant figure than the trout; the back and sides are of a silvery gray color. It is found in clear rapid streams in the north of Europe, and is excellent food.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Grayness

GRA'YNESS, noun The quality of being gray.

Sherwood.

Graywacke

GRAYWACKE, noun [German grauwacke.] A rock somewhat remarkable in its structure and geological relations; a kind of sandstone, composed of grains or fragments of different minerals, chiefly of quartz, feldspar, siliceous slate and argillite. These fragments are sometimes angular, and sometimes their edges and angles are rounded, thus forming nodules or globular masses. The size is very variable, passing from grains to nodules of a foot in diameter. The several ingredients are united by an indurated argillaceous substance, or the interstices between the larger fragments are filled by the same materials which compose the larger parts of the rock, but in grains so comminuted as to resemble a homogeneous cement. The colors are some shade of gray or brown, as bluish gray, reddish brown, &c.

Cleaveland.

Graze

GRAZE, verb transitive [Saxon grasian; German grasen; Dutch graazen; from grass, or from the root of Latin rado, rasi, or rodo, rosi, Spanish rozar, Portugese roÃƒ-§ar, to rub against, to graze. In Russian grizu, or grezu, signifies to bite, to gnaw.]

1. To rub or touch lightly in passing; to brush lightly the surface of a thing in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall or the earth.

2. To feed or supply cattle with grass; to furnish pasture for; as, the farmer grazes large herds of cattle.

3. To feed on; to eat from the ground, as growing herbage.

The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead.

Pope.

4. To tend grazing cattle; as, Jacob grazed Laban's sheep.

Shak.

Graze

GRAZE, verb intransitive To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows.

2. To supply grass; as, the ground will not graze well.

Bacon.

3. To move on devouring.

Bacon.

Grazed

GRA'ZED, participle passive Touched lightly by a passing body; brushed.

2. Fed by growing grass; as, cattle are grazed.

3. Eaten, as growing herbage; as, the fields were grazed.

Grazer

GRA'ZER, noun One that grazes or feeds on growing herbage.

Philips.

Grazier

GRA'ZIER, n. gra'zhur. One who feeds cattle with grass, or supplies them with pasture.

Bacon.

Grazing

GRA'ZING, participle of the present tense Touching lightly, as a moving body.

2. Feeding on growing herbage; as grazing cattle.

3. adjective Supplying pasture; as a grazing farm.

Grease

GREASE, noun [French graisse; Italian grasso; Spanish grasa, grease; Portugese graxa, grease for wheels, and a distemper in a horse when his fat is melted by excessive action. Port. Dict.]

1. Animal fat in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind, as tallow, lard; but particularly the fatty matter of land animals, as distinguished from the oily matter of marine animals.

2. A swelling and gourdiness of a horse's legs, occasioned by traveling or by standing long in a stable.

Encyc. Johnson.

Grease

GREASE, v. t. greez. To smear, anoint or daub with grease or fat.

2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents. [Not elegant.]

Dryden.

Greased

GRE'ASED, participle passive Smeared with oily matter; bribed.

Greasily

GRE'ASILY, adverb With grease or an appearance of it; grossly.

Greasiness

GRE'ASINESS, noun The state of being greasy; oiliness; unctuousness.

Boyle.

Greasing

GRE'ASING, participle of the present tense Smearing with fat or oily matter; bribing.

Greasy

GRE'ASY, a. greez'y. Oily; fat; unctuous.

2. Smeared or defiled with grease.

3. Like grease or oil; smooth; as a fossil that has a greasy feel.

4. Fat of body; bulky. [Little used.]

Shak.

5. Gross; indelicate; indecent.

Marslon.

Great

GREAT, adjective [Saxon great; Dutch groot; German gross; Norm. gres; Italian grosso; Spanish grueso; Portugese grosso; French gros; Armoric groÃƒ-§z; and probably Latin crassus. Great and gross are the same word dialectically varied in orthography. See Class Rd. No. 59. 22. 79.]

1. Large in bulk or dimensions; a term of comparison, denoting more magnitude or extension than something else, or beyond what is usual; as a great body; a great house; a great farm.

2. Being of extended length or breadth; as a great distance; a great lake.

3. Large in number; as a great many; a great multitude.

4. Expressing a large, extensive or unusual degree of any thing; as great fear; great love; great strength; great wealth; great power; great influence; great folly.

5. Long continued; as a great while.

6. Important; weighty; as a great argument; a great truth; a great event; a thing of no great consequence; it is no great matter.

7. Chief; principal; as the great seal of England.

8. Chief; of vast power and excellence; supreme; illustrious; as the great God; the great Creator.

9. Vast; extensive; wonderful; admirable.

Great are thy works, Jehovah.

Milton.

10. Possessing large or strong powers of mind; as a great genius.

11. Having made extensive or unusual acquisitions of science or knowledge; as a great philosopher or botanist; a great scholar.

12. Distinguished by rank, office or power; elevated; eminent; as a great lord; the great men of the nation; the great Mogul; Alexander the great.

13. Dignified in aspect, mien or manner.

Amidst the crowd she walks serenely great.

Dryden.

14. Magnanimous; generous; of elevated sentiments; high-minded. He has a great soul.

15. Rich; sumptuous; magnificent. He disdained not to appear at great tables. A great feast or entertainment.

16. Vast; sublime; as a great conception or idea.

17. Dignified; noble.

Nothing can be great which is not right.

Rambler.

18. Swelling; proud; as, he was not disheartened by great looks.

19. Chief; principal; much traveled; as a great road. The ocean is called the great highway of nations.

20. Pregnant; teeming; as great with young.

21. Hard; difficult. It is no great matter to live in peace with meek people.

22. Familiar; intimate. [Vulgar.]

23. Distinguished by extraordinary events, or unusual importance. Jude 6.

24. Denoting a degree of consanguinity, in the ascending or descending line, as great grandfather, the father of a grandfather; great great grandfather, the father of a great grandfather, and so on indefinitely; and great grandson, great great grandson. &c.

25. Superior; preeminent; as great chamberlain; great marshal.

The sense of great is to be understood by the things it is intended to qualify. Great pain or wrath is violent pain or wrath; great love is ardent love; great peace is entire peace; a great name is extensive renown; a great evil or sin, is a sin of deep malignity, &c.

Great

GREAT, noun The whole; the gross; the lump or mass; as, a carpenter contracts to build a ship by the great.

2. People of rank or distinction. The poor envy the great, and the great despise the poor.

Great-Bellied

GREAT-BELLIED, adjective Pregnant; teeming.

Shak.

Greaten

GREATEN, verb transitive To enlarge. Obs.

Raleigh.

Great-Hearted

GREAT-HEARTED, adjective High-spirited; undejected.

Clarendon.

Greatly

GREATLY, adverb In a great degree; much.

I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Genesis 3.

2. Nobly; illustriously.

By a high fate, thou greatly didst expire.

Dryden.

3. Magnanimously; generously; bravely. He greatly scorned to turn his back on his foe. He greatly spurned the offered boon.

Greatness

GREATNESS, noun Largeness of bulk, dimensions, number or quantity; as the greatness of a mountain, of an edifice, of a multitude, or of a sum of money. With reference to solid bodies, however, we more generally use bulk, size, extent or magnitude than greatness; as the bulk or size of the body; the extent of the ocean; the magnitude of the sun or of the earth.

2. Large amount; extent; as the greatness of a reward.

3. High degree; as the greatness of virtue or vice.

4. High rank or place; elevation; dignity; distinction; eminence; power; command.

Farewell, a long farewell to all my greatness.

Shak.

5. Swelling pride; affected state.

It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships.

Bacon.

6. Magnanimity; elevation of sentiment; nobleness; as greatness of mind.

Virtue is the only solid basis of greatness.

Rambler.

7. Strength or extent of intellectual faculties; as the greatness of genius.

8. Large extent or variety; as the greatness of a man's acquisitions.

9. Grandeur; pomp; magnificence.

Greatness with Timon dwells in such a draught,

As brings all Brobdignag before your thought.

Pope.

10. Force; intensity; as the greatness of sound, of passion, heat, &c.

Greave

GREAVE, for grove and groove. [See Grove and Groove.]

Spenser.

Greaves

GREAVES, n. plu. greevz. [Portugese Spanish grevas. In French greve is the calf of the leg.]

Armor for the legs; a sort of boots. 1 Samuel 17.

Grebe

GREBE, noun A fowl of the genus Colymbus and order of ansers, of several species; as the tippet-grebe, the horned grebe, the eared grebe or dob-chick.

Encyc.

Grecian

GRE'CIAN, adjective Pertaining to Greece.

Grecian

GRE'CIAN, noun A native of Greece. Also, a Jew who understood Greek. Acts 6.

2. One well versed in the Greek language.

Grecism

GRE'CISM, noun [Latin groecismus.] An idiom of the Greek language.

Addison.

Grecize

GRE'CIZE, verb transitive To render Grecian.

2. To translate into Greek.

Grecize

GRE'CIZE, verb intransitive To speak the Greek language.

Gree

GREE, noun [French grÃƒ-©. See Agree.] Good will. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Step; rank; degree. [See Degree.] Obs.

Spenser.

Gree

GREE, verb intransitive To agree. Obs. [See Agree.]

Greece

GREECE, noun [Welsh grÃƒ-¢z; Latin gressus. It ought to be written grese, but it is entirely obsolete.] A flight of steps.

Bacon.

Greed

GREED, noun Greediness. Obs.

Graham.

Greedily

GREE'DILY, adverb [See Greedy.] With a keen appetite for food or drink; voraciously; ravenously; as, to eat or swallow greedily.

2. With keen or ardent desire; eagerly. Jude 11.

Greediness

GREE'DINESS, noun Keenness of appetite for food or drink; ravenousness; voracity.

Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness.

Shak.

2. Ardent desire.

Greedy

GREE'DY, adjective [Saxon groedig; Dutch greetig; Gothic gredags, from gredon, to hunger. It agrees in elements with Latin gradior, and probably signifies reaching forward.]

1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; followed by of; as a lion that is greedy of his prey. Psalm 17.

2. Having a keen desire of any thing; eager to obtain; as greedy of gain.

Greek

GREEK, adjective Pertaining to Greece. [See Gray.]

Greek

GREEK, noun A native of Greece.

2. The language of Greece.

Greek-fire, a combustible composition, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur.

Ure.

Greekish

GREE'KISH, adjective Peculiar to Greece.

Milton.

Greekling

GREE'KLING, noun An inferior Greek writer.

B. Jonson.

Greekrose

GREE'KROSE, noun The flower campion.

Green

GREEN, adjective [Saxon grene; German grÃƒ-¼n; Dutch groen; Danish grÃƒ-¶n; Swedish gr?n; Hebrew to grow, to flourish. Class Rn. No. 7.]

1. Properly, growing, flourishing, as plants; hence, of the color of herbage and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and yellow rays, one of the original prismatic colors; verdant.

2. New; fresh; recent; as a green wound.

The greenest usurpation.

Burke.

3. Fresh; flourishing; undecayed; as green old age.

4. Containing its natural juices; not dry; not seasoned; as green wood; green timber.

5. Not roasted; half raw.

We say the meat is green, when half roasted.

Watts.

[Rarely, if ever used in America.]

6. Unripe; immature; not arrived to perfection; as green fruit. Hence,

7. Immature in age; young; as green in age or judgment.

8. Pale; sickly; wan; of a greenish pale color.

Shak.

Green

GREEN, noun The color of growing plants; a color composed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different proportions, exhibit a variety of shades; as apple green, meadow green, leek green, &c.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage.

O'er the smooth enameled green.

Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; usually in the plural.

The fragrant greens I seek, my brows to bind.

Dryden.

4. The leaves and stems of young plants used in cookery or dressed for food in the spring; in the plural.

New England.

Green

GREEN, verb transitive To make green. This is used by Thomson and by Barlow, but is not an elegant word, nor indeed hardly legitimate, in the sense in which these writers use it. ``Spring greens the year.' ``God greens the groves.' The only legitimate sense of this verb, if used, would be, to dye green, or to change to a green color. A plant growing in a dark room is yellow; let this plant be carried into the open air, and the rays of the sun will green it. This use would correspond with the use of whiten, blacken, redden.

Greenbroom

GREE'NBROOM, or GREE'NWEED, noun A plant of the genus Genista.

Greencloth

GREE'NCLOTH, noun A board or court of justice held in the counting house of the British king's household, composed of the lord steward and the officers under him. This court has the charge and cognizance of all matters of justice in the king's household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace of the verge, or jurisdiction of the court-royal, which extends every way two hundred yards from the gate of the palace.

Johnson. Encyc.

Green-Crop

GREE'N-CROP, noun A crop of green vegetables, such as artificial grasses, turneps, &c.

Cyc.

Green-Earth

GREE'N-EARTH, noun A species of earth or mineral, so called; the mountain green of artists.

Ure.

Green-Eyed

GREE'N-EYED, adjective Having green eyes; as green-eyed jealousy.

Shak.

Greenfinch

GREE'NFINCH, noun A bird of the genus Fringilla.

Greenfish

GREE'NFISH, noun A fish so called.

Ains.

Greengage

GREE'NGAGE, noun A species of plum.

Green-Grocer

GREE'N-GROCER, noun A retailer of greens.

Greenhaired

GREE'NHAIRED, adjective Having green locks or hair.

Mason.

Greenhood

GREE'NHOOD, noun A state of greenness.

Chaucer.

Greenhorn

GREE'NHORN, noun A raw youth.

Green-House

GREE'N-HOUSE, noun A house in which tender plants are sheltered from the weather, and preserved green during the winter or cold weather.

Greenish

GREE'NISH, adjective Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as a greenish yellow.

Newton.

Greenishness

GREE'NISHNESS, noun The quality of being greenish.

Greenly

GREE'NLY, adverb With a green color; newly; freshly; immaturely.

Greenness

GREE'NNESS, noun The quality of being green; viridity; as the greenness of grass or of a meadow.

2. Immaturity; unripeness; in a literal or figurative sense; as the greenness of fruit; the greenness of youth.

3. Freshness; vigor.

South.

4. Newness.

Green-Sickness

GREE'N-SICKNESS, noun The chlorosis, a disease of maids, so called from the color it occasions in the face.

Green-Stall

GREE'N-STALL, noun A stall on which greens are exposed to sale.

Greenstone

GREE'NSTONE, noun [so called from a tinge of green in the color.]

A rock of the trap formation, consisting of hornblend and feldspar in the state of grains or small crystals.

Ure.

Green-Sward

GREE'N-SWARD, noun Turf green with grass.

Green-Weed

GREE'N-WEED, noun Dyer's weed.

Greenwood

GREE'NWOOD, noun Wood when green, as in summer.

Greenwood

GREE'NWOOD, adjective Pertaining to a greenwood; as a greenwood shade.

Dryden.

Greet

GREET, verb transitive [Saxon gretan, grettan, to salute, to exclaim, to cry out, to bid farewell, to approach, to touch; German grÃƒ-¼ssen; Dutch groeten, to greet; Saxon groedan, to cry; Gothic greitan, Swedish grÃƒ-¥ta, Danish groeder, to weep; Italian gridare; Spanish Portugese gritar; Welsh grydian, grydiaw, to shout, to scream or shriek, to wail, to make a vehement rough noise; perhaps Latin rudo, to bray, to roar. See Class Rd. No. 7. 19. 43. 70. 75.]

1. To address with expressions of kind wishes; to salute in kindness and respect.

My lord, the Mayor of London comes to greet you.

Shak.

2. To address at meeting; to address in any manner.

Shak.

3. To congratulate.

4. To pay compliments at a distance; to send kind wishes to. Colossians 4:2 Timothy 4.

5. To meet and address with kindness; or to express kind wishes accompanied with an embrace. 1 Thessalonians 5.

6. To meet.

Shak.

Greet

GREET, verb intransitive To meet and salute.

There greet in silence, as the dead are wont,

And sleep in peace.

Shak.

2. To weep; written by Spenser greit. Obs.

Greeted

GREE'TED, participle passive Addressed with kind wishes; complimented.

Greeter

GREE'TER, noun One who greets.

Greeting

GREE'TING, participle of the present tense Addressing with kind wishes or expressions of joy; complimenting; congratulating; saluting.

Greeting

GREE'TING, noun Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; compliment addressed from one absent.

Greeze

GREEZE, noun [Latin gressus.] A step, or flight of steps. Obs. [See Greece.]

Greffier

GREF'FIER, noun [French See Graft.] A registrar, or recorder.

Bp. Hall.

Gregal

GRE'GAL, adjective [Latin grex.] Pertaining to a flock.

Dict.

Gregarian

GREGA'RIAN, adjective [See Gregarious.] Belonging to the herd or common sort.

Howell.

Gregarious

GREGA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin gregarius, from grex, a herd.]

Having the habit of assembling or living in a flock or herd; not habitually solitary or living alone. Cattle and sheep are gregarious animals. Many species of birds are gregarious. Rapacious animals are generally not gregarious.

Gregariously

GREGA'RIOUSLY, adverb In a flock or herd; in a company.

Gregariousness

GREGA'RIOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of living in flocks or herds.

Gregorian

GREGO'RIAN, adjective Denoting what belongs to Gregory. The Gregorian calendar, is one which shows the new and full moon, with the time of Easter, and the movable feasts depending thereon, by means of epacts. The Gregorian year, is the present year, as reformed by pope Gregory XIII, in 1582; consisting of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 47 seconds, with an additional day every fourth year.

Encyc.

Greit

GREIT, verb intransitive [Gothic greitan.] To lament. Obs.

Spenser.

Greith

GREITH, verb transitive [Saxon geroedian, to prepare; ge and hroede, ready.] To make ready. Obs.

Chaucer.

Greith

GREITH, noun Goods; furniture. Obs.

Chaucer.

Gremial

GRE'MIAL, adjective [Latin gremium.] Belonging to the lap or bosom.

Dict.

Grenade

GRENA'DE, noun [Spanish granada, Italian granata, French grenade, a pomegranate, or grained apple.]

In the art of war, a hollow ball or shell of iron or other metal, about two inches and a half in diameter, to be filled with powder which is to be fired by means of a fusee, and thrown by hand among enemies. This, bursting into many pieces, does great injury, and is particularly useful in annoying an enemy in trenches and other lodgments.

Encyc.

Grenadier

GRENADIE'R, noun [from French grenade, Spanish granada, a pomegranate tree; so called, it is said, from the cap worn, which resembled the flowers of that tree; or as others alledge, so called from carrying and throwing hand grenades. The latter is the opinion of Lunier.]

1. A foot soldier, wearing a high cap. Grenadiers are usually tall, active soldiers, distinguished from others chiefly by their dress and arms; a company of them is usually attached to each battalion.

Encyc.

2. A fowl found in Angola, in Africa.

Grenatite

GREN'ATITE, noun Staurotide or staurolite, a mineral of a dark reddish brown. It occurs imbedded in mica slate, and in talck, and is infusible by the blowpipe. It is called also prismatic garnet.

Cyc.

Grew

GREW, preterit tense of grow.

Grey

GREY. [See Gray.]

Greyhound

GREYHOUND, noun [Saxon grighund.] A tall fleet dog, kept for the chase.

Grice

GRICE, noun A little pig.

Griddle

GRID'DLE, noun [Welsh greidell, from grediaw, to heat, singe, scorch.]

A pan, broad and shallow; for baking cakes.

Gride

GRIDE, verb transitive [Italian gridare; Spanish gritar; Portugese id.; French crier; to cry; Saxon groedan; Danish groeder; Swedish grÃƒ-¥ta. See Greet.]

To grate, or to cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as the griding sword.

Milton.

That through his thing the mortal steel did gride.

Spenser.

Gridelin

GRID'ELIN, noun [French gris de lin, flax gray.]

A color mixed of white and red, or a gray violet.

Dryden.

Gridiron

GRID'IRON, noun [Welsh grediaw, Irish greadam, to heat, scorch, roast, and iron. See Griddle.]

A grated utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.

Grief

GRIEF, noun [Dutch grief, hurt; French grief, and grever, to oppress; Spanish agravio; Norm. grief, gref, greve; Latin gravis. See Grave and Aggravate. The sense is pressure or oppression.]

1. The pain of mind produced by loss, misfortune, injury or evils of any kind; sorrow; regret. We experience grief when we lose a friend, when we incur loss, when we consider ourselves injured, and by sympathy, we feel grief at the misfortunes of others.

2. The pain of mind occasioned by our own misconduct; sorrow or regret that we have done wrong; pain accompanying repentance. We feel grief when we have offended or injured a friend, and the consciousness of having offended the Supreme Being, fills the penitent heart with the most poignant grief.

3. Cause of sorrow; that which afflicts.

Who were a grief of mind to Isaac and Rebekah. Genesis 26.

A foolish son is a grief to his father. Proverbs 17.

Griefful

GRIE'FFUL, adjective Full of grief or sorrow.

Sackville.

Griefshot

GRIE'FSHOT, adjective Pierced with grief.

Shak.

Grievable

GRIE'VABLE, adjective Lamentable. Obs.

Gower.

Grievance

GRIE'VANCE, noun [from grief.] That which causes grief or uneasiness; that which burdens, oppresses or injures, implying a sense of wrong done, or a continued injury, and therefore applied only to the effects of human conduct; never to providential evils. The oppressed subject has the right to petition for a redress of grievances.

Grieve

GRIEVE, verb transitive [Dutch grieven; French grever, to oppress; Spanish agraviar, agravar; Italian gravare; Latin gravo, from gravis. See Grave.]

1. To give pain of mind to; to afflict; to wound the feelings. Nothing grieves a parent like the conduct of a profligate child.

2. To afflict; to inflict pain on.

For he doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men. Lamentations 3.

3. To make sorrowful; to excite regret in.

4. To offend; to displease; to provoke.

Grieve not the holy Spirit of God. Ephesians 4.

Grieve

GRIEVE, verb intransitive To feel pain of mind or heart; to be in pain on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn. We grieve at the loss of friends or property. We grieve at the misfortunes of others. We grieve for our own misfortunes, follies and vices, as well as for those of our children. It is followed by at or for.

Grieved

GRIE'VED, participle passive Pained; afflicted; suffering sorrow.

Griever

GRIE'VER, noun He or that which grieves.

Grieving

GRIE'VING, participle of the present tense Giving pain; afflicting.

2. Sorrowing; exercised with grief; mourning.

Grievingly

GRIE'VINGLY, adverb In sorrow; sorrowfully.

Shak.

Grievous

GRIE'VOUS, adjective [from grieve, or grief.] Heavy; oppressive; burdensome; as a grievous load of taxes.

2. Afflictive; painful; hard to be borne.

Correction is grievous to him that forsaketh the way. Proverbs 15.

3. Causing grief or sorrow.

The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight, because of his son. Genesis 21.

4. Distressing.

The famine was very grievous in the land. Genesis 12.

5. Great; atrocious.

Because their sin is very grievous. Genesis 18.

6. Expressing great uneasiness; as a grievous complaint.

7. Provoking; offensive; tending to irritate; as grievous words. Proverbs 15.

8. Hurtful; destructive; causing mischief; as grievous wolves. Acts 20.

Grievously

GRIE'VOUSLY, adverb With pain; painfully; with great pain or distress; as, to be grievously afflicted.

2. With discontent, ill will or grief.

Knolles.

3. Calamitously; miserably; greatly; with great uneasiness, distress or grief.

4. Atrociously; as, to sin or offend grievously.

Grievousness

GRIE'VOUSNESS, noun Oppressiveness; weight that gives pain or distress; as the grievousness of a burden.

2. Pain; affliction; calamity; distress; as the grievousness of sickness, war or famine.

3. Greatness; enormity; atrociousness; as the grievousness of sin or offenses.

Griffon

GRIF'FON, noun [French griffon; Spanish grifo; Italian griffo, griffone; German greif; Danish grif; Dutch griffioen; Latin gryps, gryphus; Greek; Welsh gruf, fierce, bold, a griffon.]

In the natural history of the ancients, an imaginary animal said to be generated between the lion and eagle. It is represented with four legs, wings and a beak, the upper part resembling an eagle, and the lower part a lion. This animal was supposed to watch over mines of gold and hidden treasures, and was consecrated to the sun. The figure of the griffon is seen on ancient medals, and is still borne in coat-armor. It is also an ornament of Greek architecture.

Encyc.

Griffon-Like

GRIF'FON-LIKE, adjective Resembling a griffon.

Grig

GRIG, noun A small eel; the sand eel.

2. A merry creature.

Swift.

3. Health. Obs.

Grill

GRILL, verb transitive [French griller.] To broil. [Not in use.]

Grill

GRILL, adjective Shaking with cold. Obs.

Chaucer.

Grilly

GRIL'LY, verb transitive To harass. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Grim

GRIM, adjective [Saxon grim, fierce, rough, ferocious; gram, raging, fury; gremian, to provoke; Dutch gram, angry; grimmen, to growl; grimmig, grim; grommen, to grumble; German grimm, furious, grim; grimmen, to rage; gram, grief, sorrow; Danish grim, stern, grim, peevish; gram, grudging, hating, peevish; Welsh gremiaw, to gnash, to snarl, from rhem, whence rhemial, to mutter. Hence French grimace. These words belong probably to the root of Latin fremo, which has a different prefix, Greek, grumble, rumble, Irish grim, war. See Class Rm. No. 11. 13.]

1. Fierce; ferocious; impressing terror; frightful; horrible; as a grim look; a grim face; grim war.

Milton. Addison.

2. Ugly; ill looking.

Shak.

3. Sour; crabbed; peevish; surly.

Grim-Faced

GRIM'-FACED, adjective Having a stern countenance.

Grim-Grinning

GRIM-GRINNING, adjective Grinning with a fierce countenance.

Shak.

Grim-Visaged

GRIM-VISAGED, adjective Grim-faced.

Grimace

GRIMA'CE, noun [French from grim, or its root; Spanish grimazo.]

1. A distortion of the countenance, from habit, affectation or insolence.

Spectator.

2. An air of affectation.

Granville.

Grimaced

GRIMA'CED, adjective Distorted; having a crabbed look.

Grimalkin

GRIMAL'KIN, noun [Qu. French gris, gray, and malkin.] The name of an old cat.

Philips.

Grime

GRIME, noun [Icelandic gryma, Saxon hrum, soot; Rabbinic soot. Class Rm. No. 21.]

Foul matter; dirt; sullying blackness, deeply insinuated.

Shak. Woodward.

Grime

GRIME, verb transitive To sully or soil deeply; to dirt.

Shak.

Grimly

GRIM'LY, adjective Having a hideous or stern look.

Beaum.

Grimly

GRIM'LY, adverb Fiercely; ferociously; with a look of fury or ferocity.

Addison.

2. Sourly; sullenly.

Shak.

Grimness

GRIM'NESS, noun Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness.

Grimy

GRI'MY, adjective Full of grime; foul.

Grin

GRIN, verb intransitive [Saxon grinnian; German greinen, grinsen; Dutch grynen, grinzen; Swedish grina; Danish griner. In Welsh ysgyrnwg is a grin or snarl, and ysgorn, scorn.]

1. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter or scorn.

Fools grin on fools.

Young.

2. To fix the teeth, as in anguish.

Grin

GRIN, noun The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth.

Addison. Watts.

Grin

GRIN, noun A snare or trap. [Not in use.]

Grin

GRIN, verb transitive To express by grinning.

He grinned horribly a ghastly smile.

Milton.

Grind

GRIND, verb transitive pret. and pp. ground. [Saxon grindan. This word, if n is radical, may be allied to rend; if not, it coincides with

grate. See Class Rn. No. 9, to make smooth, as mollis in Latin, allied to molo.]

1. To break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction; to comminute by attrition; to triturate.

Take the millstones and grind meal. Isaiah 47.

We say, to grind meal, but this is an elliptical phrase. The true phrase is, to grind corn to meal.

2. To break and reduce to small pieces by the teeth.

Dryden.

3. To sharpen by rubbing or friction; to wear off the substance of a metallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the friction of a stone; as, to grind an ax or sythe.

4. To make smooth; to polish by friction; as, to grind glass.

5. To rub one against another.

Harsh soundsÃ‚--and the grinding of one stone against another, make a shivering or horror in the body and set the teeth on edge.

Bacon.

6. To oppress by severe exactions; to afflict cruelly; to harass; as, to grind the faces of the poor. Isaiah 3.

7. To crush in pieces; to ruin. Matthew 21.

8. To grate; as grinding pains.

Dryden.

Grind

GRIND, verb intransitive To perform the operation of grinding; to move a mill.

Milton.

2. To be moved or rubbed together, as in the operation of grinding; as the grinding jaws.

Rowe.

3. To be ground or pulverized by friction. Corn will not grind well before it is dry.

4. To be polished and made smooth by friction. Glass grinds smooth.

5. To be sharpened by grinding. Steel grinds to a fine edge.

Grinder

GRINDER, noun One that grinds, or moves a mill.

2. The instrument of grinding.

Philips.

3. A tooth that grinds or chews food; a double tooth; a jaw-tooth.

4. The teeth in general.

Dryden.

Grinding

GRINDING, participle of the present tense Reducing to powder by friction; triturating; levigating; chewing.

2. Making sharp; making smooth or polishing by friction.

Grindstone

GRIND'STONE, noun A sandstone used for grinding or sharpening tools. Grindlestone, used by old writers, is obsolete.

Grinner

GRIN'NER, noun [See Grin.] One that grins.

Addison.

Grinning

GRIN'NING, participle of the present tense Closing the teeth and showing them, as in laughter; a showing of the teeth.

Grinningly

GRIN'NINGLY, adverb With a grinning laugh.

Grip

GRIP, noun The griffon. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Grip

GRIP, noun [Danish greb; German griff. See Gripe.] A grasp; a holding fast.

Grip

GRIP, noun [Dutch groep; Saxon groep.] A small ditch or furrow. [Not used in America.]

Grip

GRIP, verb transitive To trench; to drain. [Not used.]

Gripe

GRIPE, verb transitive [Saxon gripan; Gothic greipan; Dutch grypen; German greifen; Swedish gripa; Danish griber; French gripper; Armoric scraba, scrapein; Welsh grab, a cluster, a grape; grabin, a clasping; grabiniaw, to grapple, to scramble. Qu. Sanscrit grepipan. These words may be allied in origin to Latin rapio.]

1. To seize; to grasp; to catch with the hand, and to clasp closely with the fingers.

2. To hold fast; to hold with the fingers closely pressed.

3. To seize and hold fast in the arms; to embrace closely.

4. To close the fingers; to clutch.

Pope.

5. To pinch; to press; to compress.

6. To give pain to the bowels, as if by pressure or contraction.

7. To pinch; to straiten; to distress; as griping poverty.

Gripe

GRIPE, verb intransitive To seize or catch by pinching; to get money by hard bargains or mean exactions; as a griping miser.

2. To feel the colic.

Locke.

3. To lie too close to the wind, as a ship.

Gripe

GRIPE, noun Grasp; seizure; fast hold with the hand or paw, or with the arms.

Shak. Dryden.

2. Squeeze; pressure.

Dryden.

3. Oppression; cruel exactions.

Shak.

4. Affliction; pinching distress; as the gripe of poverty.

5. In seamen's language, the fore-foot or piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end.

Mar. Dict.

6. Gripes, in the plural, distress of the bowels; colic.

7. Gripes, in seamen's language, an assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes and hooks, fastened to ring-bolts in the deck to secure the boats.

Mar. Dict.

Griper

GRIPER, noun One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner.

Griping

GRIPING, participle of the present tense Grasping; seizing; holding fast; pinching; oppressing; distressing the bowels.

Griping

GRIPING, noun A pinching or grasp; a distressing pain of the bowels; colic.

2. In seamen's language, the inclination of a ship to run to the windward of her course.

Mar. Dict.

Gripingly

GRIPINGLY, adverb With a pain in the bowels.

Gripple

GRIP'PLE, adjective [from gripe.] Griping; greedy; covetous; unfeeling. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Grasping fast; tenacious. Obs.

Ibid.

Grippleness

GRIP'PLENESS, noun Covetousness.

Obs.

Bp. Hall.

Gris

GRIS, noun [French gris, gray.] A kind of fur.

Chaucer.

Grisamber

GRISAMBER, used by Milton for ambergris. Obs.

Grise

GRISE, noun A step, or scale of steps. [Latin gressus, Swedish resa. See Greece.] Obs.

Shak.

2. A swine. Obs.

Grisette

GRISETTE, n. griset'. [French] A tradesman's wife or daughter. [Not used.]

Sterne.

Griskin

GRIS'KIN, noun [See Grise.] The spine of a hog. [Not in use.]

Grisly

GRIS'LY, a. s as z. [Saxon grislic; German grass, grÃƒ-¤sslich, and graus; Welsh ecrys, dire, shocking, that causes to start, from rhys, a rushing; Saxon agrisan, to shudder.]

Frightful; horrible; terrible; as grisly locks; a grisly countenance; a grisly face; a grisly specter; a grisly bear.

Shak. Milton. Dryden.

Grisons

GRIS'ONS, noun Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps.

Grist

GRIST, noun [Saxon grist; Ethiopic charats, to grind, coinciding with Hebrew Chaldee. Class Rd. No. 60. 58. &c.]

1. Properly, that which is ground; hence, corn ground; but in common usage, it signifies corn for grinding, or that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time or the meal it produces.

Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.

Tusser.

2. Supply; provision.

Swift.

3. Profit; gain; [as in Latin emolumentum, from molo, to grind;] in the phrase, it brings grist to the mill.

Gristle

GRIS'TLE, n. gris'l. [Saxon gristle; perhaps the Latin cartil, in cartilago; cartil for cratil. Qu. Greek, strong, or Irish crislion, sinews.]

A cartilage; a smooth, solid, elastic substance in animal bodies, chiefly in those parts where a small easy motion is required, as in the nose, ears, larynx, trachea and sternum. It covers the ends of all bones which are united by movable articulations.

Quincy.

Gristly

GRIST'LY, adjective Consisting of gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous; as the gristly rays of fins connected by membranes.

Ray.

Gristmill

GRIST'MILL, noun A mill for grinding grain.

Grit

GRIT, noun [Saxon greot or gryt, grytta; German gries, grit; grÃƒ-¼tze, groats; Dutch grut, grutte, and gruis; Danish grus or grÃƒ-¶d; Swedish grus; probably allied to grate; Danish grytter, to bruise or grate; Welsh grut, grud, the latter from rhud, a cast, or driving forward.]

1. The coarse part of meal.

2. Oats hulled, or coarsely ground; written also groats.

3. Sand or gravel; rough hard particles.

4. Sandstone; stone composed of particles of sand agglutinated.

Grith

GRITH, noun Agreement. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Gritstone

GRIT'STONE, noun [See Grit.]

Grittiness

GRIT'TINESS, noun The quality of containing grit or consisting of grit, sand or small hard, rough particles of stone.

Gritty

GRIT'TY, adjective Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; full of hard particles; sandy.

Grizelin

GRIZ'ELIN. [See Gridelin.]

Grizzle

GRIZ'ZLE, noun [French Spanish Portugese gris, gray.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black.

Shak.

Grizzled

GRIZ'ZLED, adjective Gray; of a mixed color. Genesis 31.

Grizzly

GRIZ'ZLY, adjective Somewhat gray.

Bacon.

Groan

GROAN, verb intransitive [Saxon granian, grunan; Welsh grwnan; Latin grunnio; French gronder; Spanish gruÃƒ-±ir; Italian grugnire; Arabic Hebrew Chaldee to cry out, to groan; Latin rana, a frog. Class Rn. No. 4.]

1. To breathe with a deep murmuring sound; to utter a mournful voice, as in pain or sorrow.

For we that are in this tabernacle, do groan, being burdened. 2 Corinthians 5.

2. To sigh; to be oppressed or afflicted; or to complain of oppression. A nation groans under the weight of taxes.

Groan

GROAN, noun A deep mournful sound, uttered in pain, sorrow or anguish.

2. Any low, rumbling sound; as the groans of roaring wind.

Shak.

Groanful

GROANFUL, adjective Sad; inducing groans.

Spenser.

Groaning

GROANING, participle of the present tense Uttering a low mournful sound.

Groaning

GROANING, noun The act of groaning; lamentation; complaint; a deep sound uttered in pain or sorrow.

I have heard the groaning of the children of Israel. Exodus 6.

2. In hunting, the cry or noise of the buck.

Chamb.

Groat

GROAT, n. grawt. [Dutch groot, German grot, that is great, a great piece or coin; so called because before this piece was coined by Edward III. the English had no silver coin larger than a penny.]

1. An English money of account, equal to four pence.

2. A proverbial name for a small sum.

Groats

GROATS, noun [See Grit.] Oats that have the hulls taken off.

Groats-Worth

GROATS-WORTH, noun The value of a groat.

Sherwood.

Grocer

GRO'CER, noun [This is usually considered as formed from gross, but in other languages, the corresponding word is from the name of plants, herbs or spices; Dutch kruidenier, from kruid, an herb, wort, spices; German wÃƒ-¼rzkrÃƒ-¤mer, a dealer in worts, herbs or spices; Swedish kryddkr?mare. The French, Spanish and Portuguese use words formed from the name of spice, and the Italian is from the same word as drug. It would seem then that a grocer, whatever may be the origin of the name, was originally a seller of spices and other vegetables.]

A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, liquors, fruits, &c.

Grocery

GRO'CERY, noun A grocer's store.

2. The commodities sold by grocers; usually in the plural.

Grog

GROG, noun A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened.

Grog-Blossom

GROG'-BLOSSOM, noun A rum bud; a redness on the nose or face of men who drink ardent spirits to excess; a deformity that marks the beastly vice of intemperance.

Grogdrinker

GROG'DRINKER, noun One addicted to drinking grog.

Groggy

GROG'GY, adjective A groggy horse is one that bears wholly on his heels in trotting.

Cyc.

2. In vulgar language, tipsy; intoxicated.

Grogram

GROG'RAM, or GROG'RAN, noun [Italian grossagrana, gross grain.] A kind of stuff made of silk and mohair.

Groin

GROIN, noun [Icelandic and Gothic grein. Chalmers. But I do not find this in Lye.]

1. The depressed part of the human body between the belly and the thigh.

2. Among builders, the angular curve made by the intersection of two semi-cylinders or arches.

Encyc.

3. [French groin; Greek.] The snout or nose of a swine.

Chaucer.

Groin

GROIN, verb intransitive To groan. Obs.

Chaucer.

Gromwell

GROM'WELL, or GROM'IL, noun A plant of the genus Lithospermum. The German gromwell is the Stellera.

Fam. of Plants.

Gromet

GROM'ET, or GROM'MET, noun [Armoric gromm, a curb, French gourmette.]

Among seamen, a ring formed of a strand of rope laid in three times round; used to fasten the upper edge of a sail to its stay.

Mar. Dict.

Groom

GROOM, noun [Pers. garma, a keeper of horses. Qu. Flemish or old Dutch grom, a boy.]

1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant.

2. A man or boy who has the charge of horses; one who takes care of horses or the stable.

3. In England, an officer of the king's house-hold; as the groom of the chamber; groom of the stole or wardrobe.

4. Groom for goom, in bridegroom, is a palpable mistake.

Groove

GROOVE, n. groov. [Icelandic groof; Swedish grop; but it is merely a variation of grave. See Grave and Grip.]

1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow cut by a tool. Among joiners, a channel in the edge of a molding, style or rail.

2. Among miners, a shaft or pit sunk into the earth.

Groove

GROOVE, verb transitive [Swedish gr?pa.] To cut a channel with an edged tool; to furrow.

Groover

GROOV'ER, noun A miner. [Local.]

Grooving

GROOV'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting in channels.

Grope

GROPE, verb intransitive [Saxon gropian, grapian; German grabbeln, greifen; Dutch grypen, grabbelen; Danish griber, to gripe, to grope; Swedish grubla, Danish grubler, to search. The sense is to feel or to catch with the hand.]

1. To feel along; to search or attempt to find in the dark, or as a blind person, by feeling.

We grope for the wall like the blind. Isaiah 59.

The dying believer leaves the weeping children of mortality to grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities of a worldly life.

Buckminster.

2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness, without a certain guide or means of knowledge.

Grope

GROPE, verb transitive To search by feeling in the dark. We groped our way at midnight.

But Strephon, cautious, never meant

The bottom of the pan to grope.

Swift.

Groper

GRO'PER, noun One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.

Groping

GRO'PING, participle of the present tense Feeling for something in darkness; searching by feeling.

Gross

GROSS, adjective [French gros; Italian Portugese grosso; Spanish grueso, grosero; Latin crassus; a dialectical variation of great.]

1. Thick; bulky; particularly applied to animals; fat; corpulent; as a gross man; a gross body.

2. Coarse; rude; rough; not delicate; as gross sculpture.

Wotton.

3. Coarse, in a figurative sense; rough; mean; particularly, vulgar; obscene; indelicate; as gross language; gross jests.

4. Thick; large; opposed to fine; as wood or stone of a gross grain.

5. Impure; unrefined; as gross sensuality.

6. Great; palpable; as a gross mistake; gross injustice.

7. Coarse; large; not delicate; as gross features.

8. Thick; dense; not attenuated; not refined or pure; as a gross medium of sight; gross air; gross elements.

Bacon. Pope.

9. Unseemly; enormous; shameful; great; as gross corruptions; gross vices.

10. Stupid; dull.

Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.

Milton.

11. Whole; entire; as the gross sum, or gross amount, as opposed to a sum consisting of separate or specified parts.

Gross

GROSS, noun The main body; the chief part; the bulk; the mass; as the gross of the people. [We now use bulk.]

Addison.

2. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as a gross of bottles. It never has the plural form. We say, five gross or ten gross.

In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, or the whole undivided; all parts taken together.

By the gross, in a like sense.

Gross weight, is the weight of merchandize or goods, with the dust and dross, the bag, cask, chest, &c., in which they are contained, for which an allowance is to be made of tare and tret. This being deducted, the remainder or real weight is denominated neat or net weight. Gross weight has lately been abolished in Connecticut by statute, May, 1827.

In English law, a villain in gross, was one who did not belong to the land, but immediately to the person of the lord, and was transferrable by deed, like chattels, from one owner to another.

Blackstone.

Advowson in gross, an advowson separated from the property of a manor, and annexed to the person of its owner.

Blackstone.

Common in gross, is common annexed to a man's person, and not appurtenant to land.

Blackstone.

Grossbeak

GROSSBEAK, noun A fowl of the genus Loxia, of several species. The bill is convex above and very thick at the base, from which circumstance it takes its name.

Gross-Headed

GROSS-HEADED, adjective Having a thick skull; stupid.

Milton.

Grossly

GROSSLY, adverb In bulky or large parts; coarsely. This matter is grossly pulverized.

2. Greatly; palpably; enormously; as, this affair has been grossly misrepresented.

3. Greatly; shamefully; as grossly criminal.

4. Coarsely; without refinement or delicacy; as language grossly vulgar.

5. Without art or skill.

Grossness

GROSSNESS, noun Thickness; bulkiness; corpulence; fatness; applied to animal bodies.

2. Thickness; spissitude; density; as the grossness of vapors.

3. Coarseness; rudeness; want of refinement or delicacy; vulgarity; as the grossness of language; the grossness of wit.

Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the ear of delicacy.

Dwight.

4. Greatness; enormity; as the grossness of vice.

Grossular

GROSS'ULAR, adjective Pertaining to or resembling a gooseberry; as grossular garnet.

Grossular

GROSS'ULAR, noun A rare mineral of the garnet kind, so named from its green color. [supra.]

Grot

GROT, or GROT'TO, noun [French grotte; Italian grotta; Spanish and Portugese gruta; German and Danish grotte; Dutch grot; Saxon grut. Grotta is not used.]

1. A large cave or den; a subterraneous cavern, and primarily, a natural cave or rent in the earth, or such as is formed by a current of water, or an earthquake.

Pope. Prior. Dryden.

2. A cave for coolness and refreshment.

Grotesque

GROTESQUE, or GROTESK', adjective [French grotesque; Spanish Portugese grutesco; Italian grottesca; from grotto.]

Wildly formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; ludicrous; antic; resembling the figures found in the subterraneous apartments in the ancient ruins at Rome; applied to pieces of sculpture and painting, and to natural scenery; as grotesque painting; grotesque design.

Dryden.

Grotesque

GROTESQUE, or GROTESK', noun Whimsical figures or scenery.

Grotesquely

GROTESQUELY, or GROTESK'LY, adjective In a fantastical manner.

Ground

GROUND, noun [Saxon German Danish Swedish grund; Dutch grond; Russian grunt. This word may be the Irish grian, ground, bottom of a river or lake, from grean, Welsh graean, gravel. See Grain. It seems primarily to denote the gravelly bottom of a river or lake, or of the sea, which shows the appropriate sense of the verb to ground, as used by seamen.]

1. The surface of land or upper part of the earth, without reference to the materials which compose it. We apply ground to soil, sand or gravel indifferently, but never apply it to the whole mass of the earth or globe, nor to any portion of it when removed. We never say a shovel full or a load of ground. We say under ground, but not under earth; and we speak of the globe as divided into land and water, not into ground and water. Yet ground, earth and land are often used synonymously. We say, the produce or fruits of the ground, of the earth, or of land. The water overflows the low ground, or the low land.

There was not a man to till the ground. Genesis 2.

The ground shall give its increase. Zechariah 8.

The fire ran along on the ground. Exodus 9.

2. Region; territory; as Egyptian ground; British ground; heavenly ground.

Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession.

Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.

Dryden.

4. The surface of the earth, or a floor or pavement.

Dagon had fallen on his face to the ground. 1 Samuel 5.

5. Foundation; that which supports any thing. This argument stands on defensible ground. Hence,

6. Fundamental cause; primary reason or original principle. He stated the grounds of his complaint.

Making happiness the ground of his unhappiness.

Sidney.

7. First principles; as the grounds of religion.

Milton.

8. In painting, the surface on which a figure or object is represented; that surface or substance which retains the original color, and to which the other colors are applied to make the representation; as crimson on a white ground.

Encyc.

9. In manufactures, the principal color, to which others are considered as ornamental.

Hakewill.

10. Grounds, plural, the bottom of liquors; dregs; lees; feces; as coffee grounds; the grounds of strong beer.

11. The plain song; the tune on which descants are raised.

On that ground, I'll build a holy descant.

Shak.

12. In etching, a gummous composition spread over the surface of the metal to be etched, to prevent the nitric acid from eating, except where the ground is opened with the point of a needle.

Encyc.

13. Field or place of action. He fought with fury, and would not quit the ground.

14. In music, the name given to a composition in which the base, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a continually varying melody.

Busby.

15. The foil to set a thing off. Obs.

Shak.

16. Formerly, the pit of a play house.

B. Jonson.

To gain ground, to advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. Hence, to obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. Hence,

2. To gain credit; to prevail; to become more general or extensive; as, the opinion gains ground.

To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken. Hence, to lose advantage. Hence,

2. To lose credit; to decline; to become less in force or extent.

To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.

To get ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used.

Ground

GROUND, verb transitive To lay or set on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or principle; as arguments grounded on reason; faith grounded on scriptural evidence.

3. To settle in first principles; to fix firmly.

Being rooted and grounded in love. Ephesians 3.

Ground

GROUND, verb intransitive To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded in two fathoms of water.

Ground

GROUND, preterit tense and participle passive of grind.

Groundage

GROUND'AGE, noun A tax paid by a ship for standing in port.

Blount.

Ground-Angling

GROUND'-ANGLING, noun Fishing without a float, with a bullet placed a few inches from the hook.

Ground-Ash

GROUND'-ASH, noun A sapling of ash; a young shoot from the stump of an ash.

Mortimer.

Ground-Bait

GROUND'-BAIT, noun Bait for fish which sinks to the bottom of the water.

Walton.

Ground-Floor

GROUND'-FLOOR, noun The first or lower floor of a house. But the English call the second floor from the ground the first floor.

Ground-Ivy

GROUND'-IVY, noun A well known plant, the Glechoma hederacea; called also alehoof and gill.

Groundless

GROUND'LESS, adjective Wanting ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; as groundless fear.

2. Not authorized; false; as a groundless report or assertion.

Groundlessly

GROUND'LESSLY, adjective Without reason or cause; without authority for support.

Boyle.

Groundlessness

GROUND'LESSNESS, noun Want of just cause, reason or authority for support.

Tillotson.

Groundling

GROUND'LING, noun A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water; hence, a low vulgar person.

Shak.

Groundly

GROUND'LY, adverb Upon principles; solidly. [A bad word and not used.]

Ascham.

Ground-Nut

GROUND'-NUT, noun A plant, the Arachis, a native of South America.

Ground-Oak

GROUND'-OAK, noun A sapling of oak.

Mortimer.

Ground-Pine

GROUND'-PINE, noun A plant, a species of Teucrium or germander; said to be so called from its resinous smell.

Encyc. Hill.

Ground-Plate

GROUND'-PLATE, noun In architecture, the ground-plates are the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground, framed into one another with mortises and tenons.

Harris.

Ground-Plot

GROUND'-PLOT, noun The ground on which a building is placed.

2. The ichnography of a building.

Johnson.

Ground-Rent

GROUND'-RENT, noun Rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land.

Johnson.

Ground-Room

GROUND'-ROOM, noun A room on the ground; a lower room.

Tatler.

Groundsel

GROUND'SEL, noun A plant of the genus Senecio, of several species.

Groundsel

GROUND'SEL, or GROUND'-SILL, noun [ground, and Saxon syll, basis, allied probably to Latin sella, that which is set. See Sill.]

The timber of a building which lies next to the ground; commonly called a sill.

Ground-Tackle

GROUND'-TACKLE, noun In ships, the ropes and furniture belonging to anchors.

Groundwork

GROUND'WORK, noun The work which forms the foundation or support of any thing; the basis; the fundamentals.

2. The ground; that to which the rest are additional.

Dryden.

3. First principle; original reason.

Dryden.

Group

GROUP, or GROOP, noun [Italian groppo, a knot, a bunch; French groupe; Spanish grupo. It is radically the same word as croup, crupper, rump; Welsh grab, a cluster, a grape.]

1. A cluster, crowd or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things; a number collected without any regular form or arrangement; as a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. In painting and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of men, beasts or other things which have some relation to each other.

Group

GROUP, or GROOP, verb transitive [French grouper.] To form a group; to bring or place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assemblage.

The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects.

Prior.

Grouped

GROUP'ED, or GROOP'ED, participle passive Formed or placed in a crowd.

Grouping

GROUP'ING, or GROOP'ING, participle of the present tense Bringing together in a cluster or assemblage.

Grouping

GROUP'ING, noun The art of composing or combining the objects of a picture or piece of sculpture.

Cyc.

Grouse

GROUSE, n. grous. [Pers. goros, gros, a cock.]

A heath-cock or cock of the wood, a fowl of the genus Tetrao. The name is given to several species, forming a particular division of the genus; such as the black game, the red game, the ptarmigan, the ruffed grouse, &c.

Grout

GROUT, noun [Saxon grut. See Groat.] Coarse meal; pollard.

2. A kind of wild apple.

Johnson.

3. A thin coarse mortar.

4. That which purges off.

Warner.

Grove

GROVE, noun [Saxon groef, graf, a grave, a cave, a grove; Gothic groba; from cutting an avenue, or from the resemblance of an avenue to a channel.]

1. In gardening, a small wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood impervious to the rays of the sun. A grove is either open or close; open, when consisting of large trees whose branches shade the ground below; close, when consisting of trees and underwood, which defend the avenues from the rays of the sun and from violent winds.

Encyc.

2. A wood of small extent. In America, the word is applied to a wood of natural growth in the field, as well as to planted trees in a garden, but only to a wood of small extent and not to a forest.

3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a wood.

Tall groves of masts arose in beauteous pride.

Trumbull.

Grovel

GROV'EL, v. i. grov'l. [Icelandic gruva; Chaucer, groff, flat on the ground or face; Scot. on groufe; allied to grope, which see.]

1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move with the body prostrate on the earth; to act in a prostrate posture.

Gaze on and grovel on thy face.

Shak.

To creep and grovel on the ground.

Milton.

2. To be low or mean; as groveling sense; groveling thoughts.

Dryden. Addison.

Groveler

GROV'ELER, noun One who grovels; an abject wretch.

Groveling

GROV'ELING, participle of the present tense Creeping; moving on the ground.

2. adjective Mean; without dignity or elevation.

Grovy

GRO'VY, adjective Pertaining to a grove; frequenting groves.

Grow

GROW, verb intransitive pret. grew; pp. grown. [Saxon growan; Dutch groeyen; Danish groer; Swedish gro; a contracted word; Welsh crotiaw, crythu, to grow, to swell. This is probably the same word as Latin cresco, Russian rastu, rostu, a dialectical variation of crodh or grodh. The French croÃƒ-®tre, and increase, retain the final consonant.]

1. To enlarge in bulk or stature, by a natural, imperceptible addition of matter, through ducts and secreting organs, as animal and vegetable bodies; to vegetate as plants, or to be augmented by natural process, as animals. Thus, a plant grows from a seed to a shrub or tree, and a human being grows from a fetus to a man.

He causeth the grass to grow for cattle. Psalm 104.

2. To be produced by vegetation; as, wheat grows in most parts of the world; rice grows only in warm climates.

3. To increase; to be augmented; to wax; as, a body grows larger by inflation or distension; intemperance is a growing evil.

4. To advance; to improve; to make progress; as, to grow in grace, in knowledge, in piety. The young man is growing in reputation.

5. To advance; to extend. His reputation is growing.

6. To come by degrees; to become; to reach any state; as, he grows more skillful, or more prudent. Let not vice grow to a habit, or into a habit.

7. To come forward; to advance. [Not much used.]

Winter began to grow fast on.

Knolles.

8. To be changed from one state to another; to become; as, to grow pale; to grow poor; to grow rich.

9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason. Lax morals may grow from errors in opinion.

10. To accure; to come.

Why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings. Ez. 4.

11. To swell; to increase; as, the wind grew to a tempest.

To grow out of, to issue from; as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem.

These wars have grown out of commercial considerations.

Federalist, Hamilton.

To grow up, to arrive at manhood, or to advance to full stature or maturity.

To grow up, To grow together, To close and adhere; to become united by growth; as flesh or the bark of a tree severed.

Grow, signifies properly to shoot out, to enlarge; but it is often used to denote a passing from one state to another, and from greater to less.

Marriages grow less frequent.

Paley.

[To grow less, is an abuse of this word; the phrase should be to become less.]

Grow

GROW, verb transitive To produce; to raise; as, a farmer grows large quantities of wheat. [This is a modern abusive use of grow, but prevalent in Great Britain, and the British use begins to be imitated in America. Until within a few years, we never heard grow used as a transitive verb in New England, and the ear revolts at the practice.]

Grower

GROWER, noun One who grows; that which increases.

2. In English use, one who raises or produces.

Growing

GROWING, participle of the present tense Increasing; advancing in size or extent; becoming; accruing; swelling; thriving.

Growl

GROWL, verb intransitive [Greek, a grunting; Flemish grollen. Junius. Dutch krollen, to caterwaul.]

To murmur or snarl, as a dog; to utter an angry, grumbling sound.

Gay.

Growl

GROWL, verb transitive To express by growling.

Thomson.

Growl

GROWL, noun The murmur of a cross dog.

Growler

GROWL'ER, noun A snarling cur; a grumbler.

Growling

GROWL'ING, participle of the present tense Grumbling; snarling.

Grown

GROWN, participle passive of grow. Advanced; increased in growth.

2. Having arrived at full size or stature; as a grown woman.

Locke.

Grown over, covered by the growth of any thing; overgrown.

Growse

GROWSE, verb intransitive [Saxon agrisan.] To shiver; to have chills. [Not used.]

Ray.

Growth

GROWTH, noun The gradual increase of animal and vegetable bodies; the process of springing from a germ, seed or root, and proceeding to full size, by the addition of matter, through ducts and secretory vessels. In plants, vegetation. We speak of slow growth and rapid growth; of early growth; late growth and full growth.

2. Product; produce; that which has grown; as a fine growth of wood.

3. Production; any thing produced; as a poem of English growth.

Dryden.

4. Increase in number, bulk or frequency.

Johnson.

5. Increase in extent or prevalence; as the growth of trade; the growth of vice.

6. Advancement; progress; improvement; as growth in grace or piety.

Growthead

GROWT'HEAD, or GROWT'NOL, noun [probably gross or great-head.]

1. A kind of fish.

Ainsworth.

2. A lazy person; a lubber. Obs.

Tusser.

Grub

GRUB, verb intransitive [Gothic graban. See Grave. The primary sense is probably to rub, to rake, scrape or scratch, as wild animals dig by scratching. Russian grebu, to rake, to row; greben, a comb; grob, a grave; groblia, a ditch.] To dig; to be occupied in digging.

Grub

GRUB, verb transitive To dig; mostly followed by up. To grub up, is to dig up by the roots with an instrument; to root out by digging, or throwing out the soil; as, to grub up trees, rushes or sedge.

Grub

GRUB, noun [from the Verb.] A small worm; particularly, a hexaped or six-footed worm, produced from the egg of the beetle, which is transformed into a winged insect.

2. A short thick man; a dwarf, in contempt.

Carew.

Grubber

GRUB'BER, noun One who grubs up shrubs, &c.

Grubbing-Hoe

GRUB'BING-HOE, noun An instrument for digging up trees, shrubs, &c. by the roots; a mattoc; called also a grub-ax.

Grubble

GRUB'BLE, verb intransitive [German grÃƒ-¼beln. See Grovel and Grabble.]

To feel in the dark; to grovel. [Not much used.]

Dryden.

Grubstreet

GRUB'STREET, noun Originally, the name of a street near Moorfields, in London, much inhabited by mean writers; hence applied to mean writings; as a Grub-street poem.

Johnson.

Grudge

GRUDGE, verb transitive [Welsh grwg, a broken rumbling noise; grwgaÃƒ-§, a murmur, and, as a verb, to murmur; grwgaÃƒ-§u, to grumble; from the root of rhwciaw, to grunt or grumble; rhwÃƒ-§, a grunt, what is rough; Latin rugio; Scot. gruch, to grudge, to repine; Greek. We see the primary sense is to grumble, and this from the root of rough.]

1. To be discontented at another's enjoyments or advantages; to envy one the possession or happiness which we desire for ourselves.

'Tis not in thee

To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train.

Shak.

I have often heard the presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments.

Swift.

It is followed by two objects, but probably by ellipsis; as, grudge us for grudge to us.

2. To give or take unwillingly.

Nor grudge my cold embraces in the grave.

Dryden.

They have grudged those contributions, which have set our country at the head of all the governments of Europe.

Addison.

Grudge

GRUDGE, verb intransitive To murmur; to repine; to complain; as, to grudge or complain of injustice.

Hooker.

2. To be unwilling or reluctant. Grudge not to serve your country.

3. To be envious.

Grudge not one against another. James 5.

4. To wish in secret. [Not used nor proper.]

5. To feel compunction; to grieve. Not in use.]

Grudge

GRUDGE, noun Sullen malice or malevolence; ill will; secret enmity; hatred; as an old grudge.

B. Jonson.

2. Unwillingness to benefit.

3. Remorse of conscience. Obs.

Grudgeons

GRUDG'EONS, n. plu. Coarse meal. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Grudger

GRUDG'ER, noun One that grudges; a murmurer.

Grudging

GRUDG'ING, participle passive Envying; being uneasy at another's possession of something which we have a desire to possess.

Grudging

GRUDG'ING, noun Uneasiness at the possession of something by another.

2. Reluctance; also, a secret wish or desire.

Dryden.

He had a grudging still to be a knave. Obs.

Dryden.

3. A symptom of disease. [Not in use.]

Jackson.

Grudgingly

GRUDG'INGLY, adverb Unwillingly; with reluctance or discontent; as, to give grudgingly.

Gruel

GRU'EL, noun [French gruau; Welsh grual.] A kind of light food made by boiling meal in water. It is usually made of the meal of oats or maiz.

Gruff

GRUFF, adjective [Dutch grof; German grob; Danish grov; Swedish grof; Welsh gruf, a griffon, one fierce and bold.]

Of a rough or stern countenance; sour; surly; severe; rugged; harsh.

Addison.

Gruffly

GRUFF'LY, adverb Roughly; sternly; ruggedly; harshly.

Ã‚--And gruffly looked the god.

Dryden.

Gruffness

GRUFF'NESS, noun Roughness of countenance; sternness.

Grum

GRUM, adjective [Danish grum, cruel, fierce, peevish; Swedish grym, id.; Danish gremmer, to mourn; Welsh grwm, growling, surly; grymian, to grumble.]

1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly.

Arbuthnot.

2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as a grum voice.

Grumble

GRUM'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch grommelen, grommen; Saxon grymetan; Danish gremmer; French grommeler; Welsh grymial, to grumble; Russian grom, a loud noise, thunder; gremlyu, to to make a loud noise, to thunder; Armoric grommellat; Irish cruim, thunder; probably from the root of rumble; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac to roar, murmur, thunder; Saxon reomian,

hremman, to scream. Class Rm. No. 11. 13.]

1. To murmur with discontent; to utter a low voice by way of complaint.

L'Avare, not using half his store,

Still grumbles that he has no more.

Prior.

2. To growl; to snarl; as a lion grumbling over his prey.

3. To rumble; to roar; to make a harsh and heavy sound; as grumbling thunder; a grumbling storm. [In this sense, rumble is generally used.]

Grumbler

GRUM'BLER, noun One who grumbles or murmurs; one who complains; a discontented man.

Swift.

Grumbling

GRUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Murmuring through discontent; rumbling; growling.

Grumbling

GRUM'BLING, noun A murmuring through discontent; a rumbling.

Grumblingly

GRUM'BLINGLY, adverb With grumbling or complaint.

Grume

GRUME, noun [French grumeau; Latin grumus; Italian and Spanish grumo.]

A thick viscid consistence of a fluid; a clot, as of blood, &c.

Grumly

GRUM'LY, adverb Morosely; with a sullen countenance.

Grumous

GRU'MOUS, adjective Thick; concreted; clotted; as grumous blood.

Grumousness

GRU'MOUSNESS, noun A state of being clotted or concreted.

Wiseman.

Grundsel

GRUND'SEL, noun [See Groundsel.]

Milton.

Grunt

GRUNT, verb intransitive [Danish grynter; German grunzen; Saxon grunan; French grogner; Armoric grondal; Latin grunnio; Spanish gruÃƒ-±ir; Italian grugnire. See Hebrew Chaldee Samaritan, Arabic to cry out, to murmur. Class Rn. No. 4.]

To murmur like a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.

Swift. Shak.

Grunt

GRUNT, noun A deep guttural sound, as of a hog.

Dryden.

Grunter

GRUNT'ER, noun One that grunts.

2. A fish of the gurnard kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Grunting

GRUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering the murmuring or guttural sound of swine or other animals.

Grunting

GRUNT'ING, noun The guttural sound of swine and other animals.

Gruntle

GRUNT'LE, verb intransitive To grunt. [Not much used.]

Gruntling

GRUNT'LING, noun A young hog.

Grutch

GRUTCH, for grudge, is now vulgar, and not to be used.

Gry

GRY, noun [Greek.] A measure containing one tenth of a line.

Locke.

2. Any thing very small or of little value. [Not much used.]

Gryphite

GRYPH'ITE, noun [Latin gryphites; Greek, hooked.]

Crowstone, an oblong fossil shell, narrow at the head, and wider towards the extremity, where it ends in a circular limb; the head or beak is very hooked.

Encyc.

Guaiacum

GUAIACUM, n. gua'cum. Lignum vitae, or pock wood; a tree produced in the warm climates of America. The wood is very hard, ponderous and resinous. The resin of this tree, or gum guaiacum, is of a greenish cast, and much used in medicine as a stimulant.

Encyc.

Guana

GU'ANA, noun A species of lizard, found in the warmer parts of America.

Guanaco

GUANACO, noun The lama, or camel of South America, in a wild state.

Cuvier.

Guano

GU`ANO, noun A substance found on many isles in the Pacific, which are frequented by fowls; used as a manure.

Ure.

Guano

GU`ANO, noun A substance found on many isles in the Pacific, which are frequented by fowls; used as a manure.

Ure.

Guara

GU`ARA, noun A bird of Brazil, the Tantalus ruber, about the size of a spoonbill. When first hatched, it is black; it afterward changes to gray, and then to vivid red.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Guarantee

GUARANTEE', noun A warrantor. [See Guaranty, the noun.]

Guarantied

GUAR'ANTIED, pp. gar'antied. Warranted. [See the Verb.]

Guarantor

GUAR'ANTOR, n. gar'antor. A warrantor; one who engages to see that the stipulations of another are performed; also, one who engages to secure another in any right or possession.

Guaranty

GUAR'ANTY, v. t. gar'anty. [French garantir; Italian guarentire; Armoric goaranti; Welsh gwarantu, from gwar, secure, smooth, or rather from gwara, to fend, to fence, the root of guard, that is, to drive off, to hold off, to stop; Dutch waaren, to preserve, to indemnify; Saxon werian, to defend; to ward; allied to warren, &c. See Warrant.]

1. To warrant; to make sure; to undertake or engage that another person shall perform what he has stipulated; to oblige one's self to see that another's engagements are performed; to secure the performance of; as, to guaranty the execution of a treaty.

Madison. Hamilton.

2. To undertake to secure to another, at all events, as claims, rights or possessions. Thus in the treaty of 1778, France guarantied to the United States their liberty, sovereignty and independence, and their possessions; and the United States guarantied to France its possessions in America.

The United States shall guaranty to every state in the Union a republican form of government.

Const. of U. States.

3. To indemnify; to save harmless.

[Note. This verb, whether written guaranty or guarantee, forms an awkward participle of the present tense; and we cannot relish either guarantying or guaranteeing. With the accent on the first syllable, as now pronounced, it seems expedient to drop the y in the participle, and write guaranting.]

Guaranty

GUAR'ANTY, n. gar'anty. [French garant; Spanish garantia; Armoric goarand; Irish barranta; Welsh gwarant.]

1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or party, that the stipulations of a treaty shall be observed by the contracting parties or by one of them; an undertaking that the engagement or promise of another shall be performed. We say, a clause of guaranty in a treaty.

Hamilton.

2. One who binds himself to see the stipulations of another performed; written also guarantee.

Guard

GUARD, v. t. gÃƒ- rd. [French garder; Spanish and Portugese guardar; Italian guardare, to keep, preserve, defend; also, to look, to behold; Basque, gordi; Welsh gwara, to fend or guard, to fence, to play. The primary sense is to strike, strike back, repel, beat down, or to turn back or stop; hence, to keep or defend, as by repelling assault or danger. The sense of seeing, looking, is secondary, from the sense of guarding, and we retain a similar application of the root of this word in beware; or it is from the sense of reaching, or casting the eye, or from turning the head. This is the English to ward. In Welsh gwar is secure, mild, placid, that is, set, fixed, held. It seems to be allied to German wahr, true, Latin verus; wÃƒ-¤hren, to keep, to last, to hold out; bewahren, to keep or preserve; bewÃƒ-¤hren, to verify, to confirm; Dutch waar, true; waaren, to keep, preserve, indemnify; waarison, a warren, and guaranty; waarison, a garrison; Danish vaer, wary, vigilant, watching; ware, aware; Danish voerger, to guard, defend, maintain; vare, a guard or watch, wares, merchandize; varer, to keep, last, endure; Swedish vara, to watch, and to be to exist; Danish voerer, to be; Saxon warian, werian, to guard, to defend, to be wary. The sense of existing implies extension or continuance. See Regard and Reward.]

1. To secure against injury, loss or attack; to protect; to defend; to keep in safety. We guard a city by walls and forts. A harbor is guarded by ships, booms or batteries. Innocence should be guarded by prudence and piety. Let observation and experience guard us against temptations to vice.

2. To secure against objections or the attacks of malevolence.

Homer has guarded every circumstance with caution.

Broome.

3. To accompany and protect; to accompany for protection; as, to guard a general on a journey; to guard the baggage of an army.

4. To adorn with lists, laces or ornaments. Obs.

Shak.

5. To gird; to fasten by binding.

B. Jonson.

Guard

GUARD, verb intransitive To watch by way of caution or defense; to be cautious; to be in a state of defense or safety. Guard against mistakes, or against temptations.

Guard

GUARD, noun [French garde; Spanish guarda; Italian guardia; ward.]

1. Defense; preservation or security against injury, loss or attack.

2. That which secures against attack or injury; that which defends. Modesty is the guard of innocence.

3. A man or body of men occupied in preserving a person or place from attack or injury; he or they whose business is to defend, or to prevent attack or surprise. Kings have their guards to secure their persons. Joseph was sold to Potiphar, a captain of Pharaoh's guard.

4. A state of caution or vigilance; or the act of observing what passes in order to prevent surprise or attack; care; attention; watch; heed. Be on your guard. Temerity puts a man off his guard.

5. That which secures against objections or censure; caution of expression.

They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I.

Atterbury.

6. Part of the hilt of a sword, which protects the hand.

7. In fencing, a posture of defense.

8. An ornamental lace, hem or border. Obs.

Advanced guard, Van guard, in military affairs, a body of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army or division, to prevent surprise, or give notice of danger.

Rear guard, a body of troops that march in the rear of an army or division, for its protection.

Life guard, a body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person of a prince or other officer.

Guard-Boat

GUARD'-BOAT, noun A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to observe that their officers keep a good look-out.

Mar. Dict.

Guard-Chamber

GUARD'-CHAMBER, noun A guard-room. 1 Kings 14.

Guard-Room

GUARD'-ROOM, noun A room for the accommodation of guards.

Guard-Ship

GUARD'-SHIP, noun A vessel of war appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor or river, and to receive impressed seamen.

Guardable

GUARD'ABLE, adjective That may be protected.

Sir. A. Williams.

Guardage

GUARD'AGE, noun Wardship. Obs.

Shak.

Guardant

GUARD'ANT, adjective Acting as guardian. Obs.

2. In heraldry, having the face turned toward the spectator.

Guarded

GUARD'ED, participle passive Defended; protected; accompanied by a guard; provided with means of defense.

2. adjective Cautious; circumspect. He was guarded in his expressions.

3. Framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded.

Guardedly

GUARD'EDLY, adverb With circumspection.

Guardedness

GUARD'EDNESS, noun Caution; circumspection.

Guarder

GUARD'ER, noun One that guards.

Guardfu

GUARD'FU, adjective Wary; cautious.

Guardian

GUARD'IAN, noun [from guard; French gardien; Spanish guardian.]

1. A warden; one who guards, preserves or secures; one to whom any thing is committed for preservation from injury.

2. In law, one who is chosen or appointed to take charge of the estate and education of an orphan who is a minor, or of any person who is not of sufficient discretion to manage his own concerns. The person committed to the care of a guardian is called his ward.

Guardian of the spiritualities, the person to whom the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese is entrusted, during the vacancy of the see.

Guardian

GUARD'IAN, adjective Protecting; performing the office of a protector; as a guardian angel; guardian care.

Guardianess

GUARD'IANESS, noun A female guardian. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Guardianship

GUARD'IANSHIP, noun The office of a guardian; protection; care; watch.

Guarding

GUARD'ING, participle of the present tense Defending; protecting; securing; attending for protection.

Guardless

GUARD'LESS, adjective Without a guard or defense.

Waller.

Guardship

GUARD'SHIP, noun Care; protection. [Little used.]

Swift.

Guarish

GUA'RISH, verb transitive [French guerir.] To heal. Obs.

Spenser.

Guava

GU`AVA, noun An American tree, and its fruit, of the genus Psidium. It is of two species, or rather varieties, the pyriferum or white guava, and pomiferum or red guava. The fruit or berry is large and oval-shaped, like a pomegranate, which it resembles in its astringent quality. The pulp is of an agreeable flavor, and of this fruit is made a delicious jelly.

Encyc.

Gubernate

GU'BERNATE, verb transitive [Latin guberno.] To govern. [Not used.]

Gubernation

GUBERNA'TION, noun [Latin gubernatio. See Govern.]

Government; rule; direction. [Little used.]

Watts.

Gubernative

GU'BERNATIVE, adjective Governing.

Chaucer.

Gubernatorial

GUBERNATO'RIAL, adjective [Latin gubernator.] Pertaining to government, or to a governor.

Gudgeon

GUD'GEON, n. gud'jin. [French goujon.] A small fish of the genus Cyprinus, a fish easily caught, and hence,

2. A person easily cheated or ensnared.

Swift.

3. A bait; allurement; something to be caught to a man's disadvantage.

Shak.

4. An iron pin on which a wheel turns.

Sea-gudgeon, the black goby or rock fish.

Guelf

GUELF, or GUELPH, noun The Guelfs, so called from the name of a family, composed a faction formerly in Italy, opposed to the Gibelines.

J. Adams.

Guerdon

GUER'DON, n. ger'don. [French from the same root as reward, Norm. regarde.]

A reward; requital; recompense; in a good or bad sense. Obs.

Spenser. Milton.

Guerdon

GUER'DON, verb transitive To reward. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Guerdonless

GUER'DONLESS, adjective Unrecompensed. Obs.

Chaucer.

Guess

GUESS, v. t. ges. [Dutch gissen; Swedish gissa; Irish geasam; Danish gietter. It coincides with cast, like the Latin conjicio; for in Danish, gietter is to guess, and giet-huus is a casting-house or foundery, gyder, to pour out. Hence we see that this is the German giessen, to pour, cast or found, to gush. In Russian gadayu is to guess, and kidayu, to cast. Arabic to divine or guess. Class Gs. No. 31. See also Class Gd. The sense is to cast, that is, to throw together circumstances, or to cast forward in mind.]

1. To conjecture; to form an opinion without certain principles or means of knowledge; to judge at random, either of a present unknown fact, or of a future fact.

First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess.

Pope.

2. To judge or form an opinion from some reasons that render a thing probable, but fall short of sufficient evidence. From slight circumstances or occasional expressions, we guess an author's meaning.

3. To hit upon by accident.

Locke.

Guess

GUESS, verb intransitive To conjecture; to judge at random. We do not know which road to take, but we must guess at it.

Guess

GUESS, noun Conjecture; judgment without any certain evidence or grounds.

A poet must confess

His arts like physic, but a happy guess.

Dryden.

Guessed

GUESS'ED, participle passive Conjectured; divined.

Guesser

GUESS'ER, noun One who guesses; a conjecturer; one who judges or gives an opinion without certain means of knowing.

Pope.

Guessing

GUESS'ING, participle of the present tense Conjecturing; judging without certain evidence, or grounds of opinion.

Guessingly

GUESS'INGLY, adverb By way of conjecture.

Shak.

Guest

GUEST, n. gest. [Saxon gest; German, Dutch gast; Danish giest; Swedish g?st; Welsh gwÃƒ-ªst, a going out, a visit, an inn, a lodging; also, to visit, to be a guest; gwes, a going; Russian gost, a guest. This is the Latin visito, visit, with the Celtic prefix. See Owen's Welsh Dictionary.]

1. A stranger; one who comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place, either for a night or for a longer time.

Sidney.

2. A visitor; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house or at the table of another, whether by invitation or otherwise.

The wedding was furnished with guests. Matthew 22.

Guest-Chamber

GUEST'-CHAMBER, noun An apartment appropriated to the entertainment of guests. Mark. xiv.

Guest-Rite

GUEST'-RITE, noun Office due to a guest.

Chapman.

Guest-Rope

GUEST'-ROPE, or GUESS'-ROPE, noun A rope to tow with, or to make fast a boat.

Mar. Dict.

Guestwise

GUEST'WISE, adverb In the manner of a guest.

Guggle

GUGGLE. [See Gurgle.]

Guhr

GUHR, noun A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher.

Nicholson. Cleaveland.

Guidable

GUIDABLE, adjective That may be guided or governed by counsel.

Sprat.

Guidage

GUIDAGE, noun [See Guide.] The reward given to a guide for services. [Little used.]

Guidance

GUIDANCE, noun [See Guide.] The act of guiding; direction; government; a leading. Submit to the guidance of age and wisdom.

Guide

GUIDE, v. t. gide. [French guider; Italian guidare; Spanish guiar, to guide; guia, a guide, and in seamen's language, a guy; Portugese id. See Class Gd. No. 17. 53.]

1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; as, to guide an enemy or a traveler, who is not acquainted with the road or course.

The meek will he guide in judgment. Psalm 25.

2. To direct; to order.

He will guide his affairs with discretion. Psalm 112.

3. To influence; to give direction to. Men are guided by their interest, or supposed interest.

4. To instruct and direct. Let parents guide their children to virtue, dignity and happiness.

5. To direct; to regulate and manage; to superintend.

I will that the younger women marry, bear children, and guide the house. 1 Timothy 5.

Guide

GUIDE, noun [French guide; Italian guida; Spanish guia.]

1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course; a conductor. The army followed the guide. The traveler may be deceived by his guide.

2. One who directs another in his conduct or course of life.

He will be our guide, even unto death. Psalm 48.

3. A director; a regulator; that which leads or conducts. Experience is one of our best guides.

Guided

GUIDED, participle passive Led; conducted; directed in the way; instructed and directed.

Guideless

GUIDELESS, adjective Destitute of a guide; wanting a director.

Dryden.

Guidepost

GUIDEPOST, noun A post at the forks of a road, for directing travelers the way.

Guider

GUIDER, noun A guide; one who guides or directs.

South.

Guiding

GUIDING, participle of the present tense Leading; conducting; directing; superintending.

Guidon

GUIDON, noun [French] The flag or standard of a troop of cavalry; or the standard-bearer.

Lunier. Encyc.

Guild

GUILD, n. gild. [Saxon geld, gield, gild or gyld; Dutch gild; German gilde; so called, it is said, from geldan, gildan, to pay, because each member of the society was to pay something towards the charge and support of the company.]

In England, a society, fraternity or company, associated for some purpose, particularly for carrying on commerce. The merchant-guilds of our ancestors, answer to our modern corporations. They were licensed by the king, and governed by laws and orders of their own. Hence the name Guild-hall, the great court of judicature in London.

Cowel. Encyc.

Guildable

GUILD'ABLE, adjective Liable to a tax.

Spelman.

Guilder

GUILDER, noun [See Gilder.]

Guile

GUILE, n. gile. [Qu. Old French guille or gille. It may be the Celtic form of wile. See Ethiopic, Cast. col. 533.]

Craft; cunning; artifice; duplicity; deceit; usually in a bad sense.

We may, with more successful hope, resolve

To wage by force or guile eternal war.

Milton.

Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John 1.

Guile

GUILE, verb transitive To disguise craftily. Obs.

Spenser.

Guileful

GUILEFUL, adjective Cunning; crafty; artful; wily; deceitful; insidious; as a guileful person.

2. Treacherous; deceitful.

Shak.

3. Intended to deceive; as guileful words.

Guilefully

GUILEFULLY, adverb Artfully; insidiously; treacherously.

Milton.

Guilefulness

GUILEFULNESS, noun Deceit; secret treachery.

Sherwood.

Guileless

GUILELESS, adjective Free from guile or deceit; artless; frank; sincere; honest.

Guilelessness

GUILELESSNESS, noun Simplicity; freedom from guile.

Guiler

GUILER, noun One who betrays into danger by insidious arts. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Guillemot

GUIL'LEMOT, noun [from the Welsh Ãƒ-§wilawg, whirling about.]

A water fowl of the genus Colymbus, and order of ansers. It is found in the northern parts of Europe, Asia and America.

Guillotin

GUIL'LOTIN, noun [French from the name of the inventor.]

An engine or machine for beheading presons at a stroke.

Guillotin

GUIL'LOTIN, verb transitive To behead with the guillotin.

Guills

GUILLS, noun A plant, the corn marigold.

Guilt

GUILT, n. gilt. [Saxon gyli, a crime, and a debt, connected with gyldan, to pay; or it is from the root of Dutch and German schuld, Danish skyld, a debt, fault, guilt. See Shall, Should. If the word is from gildan, gyldan, to pay, it denotes a debt contracted by an offense, a fine, and thence came the present signification.]

1. Criminality; that state of a moral agent which results from his actual commission of a crime or offense, knowing it to be a crime, or violation of law. To constitute guilt there must be a moral agent enjoying freedom of will, and capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, and a wilful or intentional violation of a known law, or rule of duty. The guilt of a person exists, as soon as the crime is committed; but to evince it to others, it must be proved by confession, or conviction in due course of law. Guilt renders a person a debtor to the law, as it binds him to pay a penalty in money or suffering. Guilt therefore implies both criminality and liableness to punishment. Guilt may proceed either from a positive act or breach of law, or from voluntary neglect of known duty.

2. Criminality in a political or civil view; exposure to forfeiture or other penalty.

A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade.

Kent.

3. Crime; offense.

Shak.

Guiltily

GUILT'ILY, adverb In a manner to incur guilt; not innocently.

Shak.

Guiltiness

GUILT'INESS, noun The state of being guilty; wickedness; criminality; guilt.

Sidney.

Guiltless

GUILT'LESS, adjective Free from guilt, crime or offense; innocent.

The Lord will not hold him guiltless, that taketh his name in vain. Exodus 20.

2. Not produced by the slaughter of animals.

But from the mountain's grassy side

A guiltless feast I bring.

Goldsmith.

Guiltlessly

GUILT'LESSLY, adverb Without guilt; innocently.

Guiltlessness

GUILT'LESSNESS, noun Innocence; freedom from guilt or crime.

Sidney.

Guilt-Sick

GUILT'-SICK, adjective Diseased in consequence of guilt.

Beaum.

Guilty

GUILT'Y, a. gilt'y. [Saxon gyltig.] Criminal; having knowingly committed a crime or offense, or having violated a law by an overt act or by neglect, and by that act or neglect, being liable to punishment; not innocent. It may be followed by of; as, to be guilty of theft or arson.

Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife.

Dryden.

2. Wicked; corrupt; sinful; as a guilty world.

3. Conscious.

B. Jonson.

In Scripture, to be guilty of death, is to have committed a crime which deserves death. Matthew 26.

To be guilty of the body and blood of Christ, is to be chargeable with the crime of crucifying Christ afresh, and offering indignity to his person and righteousness, represented by the symbols of the Lord's supper. 1 Corinthians 11.

Guinea

GUIN'EA, n. gin'ny. [from Guinea, in Africa, which abounds with gold.]

Formerly, a gold coin of Great Britain of the value of twenty one shillings sterling, equal to $4.66 2/3, American money.

Guinea-Dropper

GUIN'EA-DROPPER, noun One who cheats by dropping guineas.

Guinea-Hen

GUIN'EA-HEN, noun The Numida meleagris, a fowl of the gallinaceous order, a native of Africa. It is larger than the common domestic hen, and has a kind of colored fleshy horn on each side of the head. Its color is a dark gray, beautifully variegated with small white spots.

Encyc.

Guinea-Pepper

GUIN'EA-PEP'PER, noun A plant, the Capsicum. The pods of some species are used for pickles.

Guinea-Pig

GUIN'EA-PIG, noun In zoology, a quadruped of the genus Cavia or cavy, found in Brazil. It is about seven inches in length, and of a white color, variegated with spots of orange and black.

Guiniad

GUIN'IAD, or GWIN'IAD, noun [Welsh gwen, gwyn, white.] The whiting, a fish of the salmon or trout kind, found in many lakes in Europe and in Hudson's bay. It is gregarious, and may be taken in vast numbers at a draught.

Encyc. Pennant.

Guise

GUISE, n. gize. [French guise; Italian guisa, way, manner; Armoric guis, giz; Welsh gwez, order, shape; Saxon wise; wise; German weise; Dutch guizen, to beguile.]

1. External appearance; dress; garb. He appeared in the guise of a shepherd. The hypocrite wears the guise of religion.

That love which is without dissimulation, wears not the guise of modern liberality.

J. M. Mason.

2. Manner; mien; cast of behavior.

By their guise

Just men they seem.

Milton.

3. Custom; mode; practice.

The swain replied, it never was our guise,

To slight the poor, or aught humane despise.

Pope.

Guiser

GUISER, n. gi'zer. A person in disguise; a mummer who goes about at christmas.

Eng.

Guitar

GUIT`AR, n. git`ar. [French guitare; Italian chitarra; Spanish Portugese guitarra; Latin cithara; Greek.]

A stringed instrument of music; in England and the United States, used chiefly by ladies, but in Spain and Italy, much used by men.

Encyc.

Gula

GU'LA, or GO'LA, noun An ogee or wavy member in a building; the cymatium.

Gulaund

GU'LAUND, noun An aquatic fowl of a size between a duck and a goose; the breast and belly white; the head mallard green. It inhabits Iceland.

Pennant.

Gulch

GULCH, noun [Dutch gulzig, greedy.] A glutton; a swallowing or devouring. [Not used.]

Gulch

GULCH, verb transitive To swallow greedily. [Not used.]

Gules

GULES, noun [French gueules, red.] In heraldry, a term denoting red, intended perhaps to represent courage, animation or hardihood.

Encyc.

Gulf

GULF, noun [French golfe; Italian Spanish Portugese golfo; Armoric golf; Dutch golf; Greek.]

1. A recess in the ocean from the general line of the shore into the land, or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea into the land, between two points or promontories; a large bay; as the gulf of Mexico; the gulf of Venice; the gulf of Finland. A gulf and a bay differ only in extent. We apply bay to a large or small recess of the sea, as the bay of Biscay, the bay of Fundy; but gulf is applied only to a large extent of water.

2. An abyss; a deep place in the earth; as the gulf of Avernus.

Spenser.

3. A whirlpool; an absorbing eddy.

Spenser.

4. Any thing insatiable.

Shak.

Gulf-Indented

GULF-INDENT'ED, adjective Indented with gulfs or bays.

J. Barlow.

Gulfy

GULF'Y, adjective Full of whirlpools or gulfs; as a gulfy sea.

Gull

GULL, verb transitive [Dutch kullen; Old French guiller; allied probably to cully.]

To deceive; to cheat; to mislead by deception; to trick; to defraud.

The vulgar, gull'd into rebellion, armed.

Dryden.

Gull

GULL, noun A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud.

Shak.

2. One easily cheated.

Shak.

Gull

GULL, noun [Welsh gwylan; Cornish gullan.] A marine fowl of the genus Larus, and order of ansers. There are several species.

Encyc.

Gullcatcher

GULL'CATCHER, noun A cheat; a man who cheats or entraps silly people.

Shak.

Gulled

GULL'ED, participle passive Cheated; deceived; defrauded.

Guller

GULL'ER, noun A cheat; an impostor.

Gullery

GULL'ERY, noun Cheat. [Not used.]

Burton.

Gullet

GUL'LET, noun [French goulet, goulot, from Latin gula; Russian chailo; Sanscrit gola.]

The passage in the neck of an animal by which food and liquor are taken into the stomach; the esophagus.

2. A stream or lake. [Not used.]

Heylin.

Gullied

GUL'LIED, participle passive Having a hollow worn by water.

Gullish

GULL'ISH, noun Foolish; stupid. [Not in use.]

Gullishness

GULL'ISHNESS, noun Foolishness; stupidity. [Not in use.]

Gully

GUL'LY, noun A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water.

New England. Mitford. Hawkesworth.

Gully

GUL'LY, verb transitive To wear a hollow channel in the earth.

America.

Gully

GUL'LY, verb intransitive To run with noise. [Not in use.]

Gullyhole

GUL'LYHOLE, noun An opening where gutters empty their contents into the subterraneous sewer.

Johnson.

Gulosity

GULOS'ITY, noun [Latin gulosus, from gula, the gullet.]

Greediness; voracity; excessive appetite for food. [Little used.]

Brown.

Gulp

GULP, verb transitive [Dutch gulpen; Danish gulper.] To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts.

Gay.

To gulp up, to throw up from the throat or stomach; to disgorge.

Gulp

GULP, noun A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at once.

2. A disgorging.

Gulph

GULPH. [See Gulf.]

Gum

GUM, noun [Saxon goma. See the next word.] The hard fleshy substance of the jaws which invests the teeth.

Gum

GUM, noun [Saxon goma; Latin gummi; Dutch gom; Spanish goma; Italian gomma; French gomme; Greek; Russian kamed. See Class Gm. No. 12. 29.]

The mucilage of vegetables; a concrete juice which exsudes through the bark of trees, and thickens on the surface. It is soluble in water, to which it gives a viscous and adhesive quality. It is insoluble in alcohol, and coagulates in weak acids. When dry, it is transparent and brittle, not easily pulverized, and of an insipid or slightly saccharine taste. Gum differs from resin in several particulars, but custom has inaccurately given the name of gum to several resins and gum-resins, as gum-copal, gum-sandarach, gum-ammoniac, and others. The true gums are gumarabic, gum-senegal, gum-tragacanth, and the gums of the peach, plum and cherry trees, &c.

Nicholson. Hooper.

Gum-elastic, or Elastic-gum, [caoutchouc,] is a singular substance, obtained from a tree in America by incision. It is a white juice, which, when dry, becomes very tough and elastic, and is used for bottles, surgical instruments, &c.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Gum

GUM, verb transitive To smear with gum.

2. To unite by a viscous substance.

Gum-Arabic

GUM-AR'ABIC, noun A gum which flows from the acacia, in Arabia, Egypt, &c.

Gum-Boil

GUM'-BOIL, noun A boil on the gum.

Gumlac

GUM'LAC, noun The produce of an insect which deposits its eggs on the branches of a tree called bihar, in Assam, a country bordering on Tibet, and elsewhere in Asia. [See Lac.]

Nicholson.

Gum-Resin

GUM-RESIN, noun [See Resin.] A mixed juice of plants, consisting of resin and an extractive matter, which has been taken for a gummy substance. The gum-resins do not flow naturally from plants, but are mostly extracted by incision, in the form of white, yellow or red emulsive fluids, which dry and consolidate. The most important species are olibanum, galbanum, scammony, gamboge, euphorbium, assafetida, aloes, myrrh, and gum-ammoniac.

Fourcroy.

Gum-resins are natural combinations of gum and resin.

Webster's Manual.

Gum-resins are composed of a gum or extractive matter, and a body intermediate between oil and resin; to which last they owe their peculiar properties.

Thomson.

Gum-Senegal

GUM-SEN'EGAL, noun A gum resembling gum-arabic, brought from the country of the river Senegal in Africa.

Gum-Tragacanth

GUM-TRAG'ACANTH, noun The gum of a thorny shrub of that name, in Crete, Asia and Greece.

Encyc.

Gumminess

GUM'MINESS, noun The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.

2. Accumulation of gum.

Wiseman.

Gummosity

GUMMOS'ITY, noun The nature of gum; gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality.

Floyer.

Gummous

GUM'MOUS, adjective Of the nature or quality of gum; viscous; adhesive.

Woodward.

Gummy

GUM'MY, adjective Consisting of gum; of the nature of gum; viscous; adhesive.

Raleigh.

2. Productive of gum.

Milton.

3. Covered with gum or viscous matter.

Dryden.

Gump

GUMP, noun [Danish and Swedish gump, the rump of a fowl.] A foolish person; a dolt. [Vulgar.]

Gumption

GUMP'TION, noun [Saxon gymene, care; gyman, to observe or be careful.] Care; skill; understanding. [Vulgar.]

Gun

GUN, noun [Welsh gwn; Cornish gun.] An instrument consisting of a barrel or tube of iron or other metal fixed in a stock, from which balls, shot or other deadly weapons are discharged by the explosion of gunpowder. The larger species of guns are called cannon; and the smaller species are called muskets, carbines, fowling pieces, &c. But one species of fire-arms, the pistol, is never called a gun.

Gun

GUN, verb intransitive To shoot.

Obs.

Gun-Barrel

GUN'-BARREL, noun The barrel or tube of a gun.

Gunboat

GUN'BOAT, noun A boat or small vessel fitted to carry a gun or two at the bow.

Mar. Dict.

Gun-Carriage

GUN'-CARRIAGE, noun A wheel carriage for bearing and moving cannon.

Gunnel

GUN'NEL. [See Gunwale.]

Gunner

GUN'NER, noun One skilled in the use of guns; a cannonier; an officer appointed to manage artillery. The gunner of a ship of war has the charge of the ammunition and artillery, and his duty is to keep the latter in good order, and to teach the men the exercise of the guns.

Mar. Dict.

Gunnery

GUN'NERY, noun The act of charging, directing and firing guns, as cannon, mortars and the like. Gunnery is founded on the science of projectiles.

Gunning

GUN'NING, noun The act of hunting or shooting game with a gun.

Gunpowder

GUN'POWDER, noun A composition of salt-peter, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a fine powder, then granulated and dried. It is used in artillery, in shooting game, in blasting rocks, &c.

Gunroom

GUN'ROOM, noun In ships, an apartment on the after end of the lower gun-deck, occupied by the gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room.

Mar. Dict.

Gunshot

GUN'SHOT, noun The distance of the point-blank range of a cannon-shot.

Mar. Dict.

Gunshot

GUN'SHOT, adjective Made by the shot of a gun; as a gunshot wound.

Gunsmith

GUN'SMITH, noun A maker of small arms; one whose occupation is to make or repair small fire-arms.

Gunsmithery

GUN'SMITHERY, noun The business of a gunsmith; the art of making small firearms.

Gunstick

GUN'STICK, noun A rammer, or ramrod; a stick or rod to ram down the charge of a musket, &c.

Gunstock

GUN'STOCK, noun The stock or wood in which the barrel of a gun is fixed.

Gunstone

GUN'STONE, noun A stone used for the shot of cannon. Before the invention of iron balls, stones were used for shot.

Shak.

Guntackle

GUN'TACKLE, noun The tackle used on board of ships to run the guns out of the ports, and to secure them at sea. The tackles are pulleys affixed to the sides of a gun-carriage.

Mar. Dict.

Gunwale

GUN'WALE, or GUN'NEL, noun The upper edge of a ship's side; the uppermost wale of a ship, or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the fore-castle, being the upper-most bend which finishes the upper works of the hull.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Gurge

GURGE, noun [Latin gurges; Italian gorgo.] A whirlpool. [Little used.]

Milton.

Gurge

GURGE, verb transitive To swallow. [Not in use.]

Gurgion

GUR'GION, noun The coarser part of meal separated from the bran. [Not used.]

Hollinshed.

Gurgle

GUR'GLE, verb intransitive [Italian gorgogliare, from gorga, the throat, gorgo, a whirlpool, Latin gurges. See Gargle, which seems to be of the same family, or the same word differently applied.]

To run as liquor with a purling noise; to run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream on a stony bottom.

Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace.

Young.

Gurgling

GURG'LING, participle of the present tense Running or flowing with a purling sound.

Gurhofite

GUR'HOFITE, noun A subvariety of magnesian carbonate of lime, found near Gurhof, in Lower Austria. It is snow white, and has a dull, slightly conchoidal, or even fracture.

Cleaveland.

Gurnard

GUR'NARD, noun [Irish guirnead; Welsh pen-gernyn, Cornish pengarn, horn-head or iron-head.]

A fish of several species, of the genus Trigla. The head is loricated with rough lines, or bony plates, and there are seven rays in the membranes of the gills.

Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Gurrah

GUR'RAH, noun A kind of plain, coarse India muslin.

Gush

GUSH, verb intransitive [Irish gaisim; German giessen; or Dutch gudsen or kissen. See Guess.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; as, blood gushes from a vein in venesection.

Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out. Psalm 78.

2. To flow copiously. Tears gushed from her eyes.

Gush

GUSH, verb transitive To emit in copious effusion.

The gaping wound gushed out a crimson flood. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Gush

GUSH, noun A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed place; an emission of liquor in a large quantity and with force; the fluid thus emitted.

Harvey.

Gushing

GUSH'ING, participle of the present tense Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as gushing waters.

2. Emitting copiously; as gushing eyes.

Pope.

Gusset

GUS'SET, noun [French gousset, a fob, a bracket, a gusset, as if from gousse, a cod, husk or shell. But in Welsh cwysed is a gore or gusset, from cwys, a furrow.]

A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening or enlarging some part.

Gust

GUST, noun [Latin gustus, Italian Spanish gusto, French goÃƒ-»t, taste; Latin gusto, German kosten, Welsh Ãƒ-§waethu, to taste; Greek, a contracted word, for it has, taste; Welsh cwaeth, id.]

1. Taste; tasting, or the sense of tasting. More generally, the pleasure of tasting; relish.

Tillotson.

2. Sensual enjoyment.

Where love is duty on the female side,

On theirs, mere sensual gust, and sought with surly pride.

Dryden.

3. Pleasure; amusement; gratification.

Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust.

Pope.

4. Turn of fancy; intellectual taste.

A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients.

Dryden.

[Taste is now generally used.]

Gust

GUST, verb transitive To taste; to have a relish. [Little used.]

Gust

GUST, noun [Danish gust; Irish gaoth, wind; Welsh cwyth, a puff, a blast of wind; allied perhaps to gush.]

1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden rushing or driving of the wind, of short duration.

Dryden. Addison.

2. A sudden, violent burst of passion.

Bacon.

Gustable

GUST'ABLE, adjective That may be tasted; tastable.

Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste. [Little used.]

Derham.

Gustation

GUSTA'TION, noun The act of tasting. [Little used.]

Brown.

Gustful

GUST'FUL, adjective Tasteful; well-tasted; that relishes.

Gustfulness

GUST'FULNESS, noun Relish; pleasantness to the taste.

Barrow.

Gustless

GUST'LESS, adjective Tasteless.

Brown.

Gusto

GUST'O, noun [Italian and Spanish See Gust.] Relish; that which excites pleasant sensations in the palate or tongue.

Derham.

2. Intellectual taste. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Gusty

GUST'Y, adjective Subject to sudden blasts of wind; stormy; tempostuous.

Once upon a raw and gusty day,

The troubled Tyber chafing with his shoresÃ‚--

Shak.

Gut

GUT, noun [German kuttel; Chaldee kutla.] The intestinal canal of an animal; a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions, from the pylorus to the vent. This pipe is composed of three coats, and is attached to the body by a membrane called the mesentery. This canal is of different sizes in different parts, and takes different names. The thin and small parts are called the duodenum, the ilium, and the jejunum; the large and thick parts are called the caecum, the colon, and the rectum. By this pipe, the undigested and unabsorbed parts of food are conveyed from the stomach and discharged. This word in the plural is applied to the whole mass formed by its natural convolutions in the abdomen.

2. The stomach; the receptacle of food. [Low.]

Dryden.

3. Gluttony; love of gormandizing. [Low.]

Hakewill.

Gut

GUT, verb transitive To take out the bowels; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents.

Dryden.

Gutta serena, in medicine, amaurosis; blindness occasioned by a diseased retina.

Gutted

GUT'TED, participle passive Deprived of the bowels; eviscerated; deprived of contents.

Gutter

GUT'TER, noun [French gouttiere, from goutte, a drop; Spanish Portugese gota, a drop; Spanish gotera, a gutter; from Latin gutta, a drop. A gutter is a dropper, that which catches drops.]

1. A channel for water; a hollow piece of timber, or a pipe, for catching and conveying off the water which drops from the eaves of a building.

2. A channel or passage for water; a hollow in the earth for conveying water; and, in popular usage, a channel worn in the earth by a current of water.

Gutter

GUT'TER, verb transitive To cut or form into small hollows.

Shak. Dryden.

Gutter

GUT'TER, verb intransitive To be hollowed or channeled.

Med. Repos.

2. To run or sweat as a candle. [Local.]

Guttle

GUT'TLE, verb transitive To swallow. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Guttle

GUT'TLE, verb intransitive To swallow greedily. [Not used.]

Guttulous

GUT'TULOUS, adjective [from Latin guttula, a little drop.]

In the form of a small drop, or of small drops. [Little used.]

Brown.

Guttural

GUT'TURAL, adjective [French guttural, from Latin guttur, the throat.]

Pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; as a guttural letter or sound; a guttural voice.

Guttural

GUT'TURAL, noun A letter pronounced in the throat; as the Greek.

Gutturally

GUT'TURALLY, adverb In a guttural manner; in the throat.

Gutturalness

GUT'TURALNESS, noun The quality of being guttural.

Gutturine

GUT'TURINE, adjective Pertaining to the throat. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Gutty

GUT'TY, adjective [from Latin gutta, a drop.] In heraldry, charged or sprinkled with drops.

Encyc.

Gutwort

GUT'WORT, noun A plant.

Guy

GUY, n. gi. [Spanish Portugese guia, from guiar, to guide. See Guide.]

In marine affairs, a rope used to keep a heavy body steady while hoisting or lowering; also, a tackle to confine a boom forwards, when a vessel is going large, and to prevent the sail from gybing. Guy is also a large slack rope, extending from the head of the main-mast to that of the fore-mast, to sustain a tackle for loading or unloading.

Mar. Dict.

Guzzle

GUZ'ZLE, verb intransitive [probably allied to Armoric gouzoucq, the throat. In Italian, gozzo is the crop of a bird.]

To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much; to drink frequently.

Well seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise,

Who, while she guzzles, chats the Doctor's praise.

Roscommon.

Guzzle

GUZ'ZLE, verb transitive To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust.

Ã‚--Still guzzling must of wine.

Dryden.

Guzzle

GUZ'ZLE, noun An insatiable thing or person.

Marston.

Guzzler

GUZ'ZLER, noun One who guzzles; an immoderate drinker.

Gybe

GYBE, noun A sneer. [See Gibe.]

Gybe

GYBE, verb transitive In seamen's language, to shift a boom-sail from one side of a vessel to the other.

Mar. Dict.

Gybing

GY'BING, participle of the present tense Shifting a boom-sail from one side of a vessel to the other.

Gye

GYE, verb transitive To guide. Obs.

Chaucer.

Gymnasium

GYMNA'SIUM, noun [Greek, from, naked.]

In Greece, a place where athletic exercises were performed. Hence, a place of exercise; a school.

Ash.

Gymnastic

GYMNAS'TIC, adjective [Latin gymnasticus; Greek, from, to exercise, from, naked; the ancients being naked in their exercises.]

Pertaining to athletic exercises of the body, intended for health, defense or diversion, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin or the hoop, playing with balls, &c. The modern gymnastic exercises are intended chiefly for the preservation and promotion of health.

Gymnastic

GYMNAS'TIC, noun Athletic exercise.

Gymnastically

GYMNAS'TICALLY, adverb In a gymnastic manner; athletically.

Brown.

Gymnastics

GYMNAS'TICS, noun The gymnastic art; the art of performing athletic exercises.

Gymnic

GYM'NIC, adjective [Greek; Latin gymnicus.]

1. Pertaining to athletic exercises of the body.

2. Performing athletic exercises.

Milton.

Gymnic

GYM'NIC, noun Athletic exercise.

Burton.

Gymnosophist

GYM'NOSOPHIST, noun [Greek, naked, and, a philosopher.]

A philosopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet, or with little clothing. The Gymnosophists in India lived in the woods and on mountains, subsisting on wild productions of the earth. They never drank wine nor married. Some of them traveled about, and practiced physic. They believed the immortality and transmigration of the soul. They placed the chief happiness of man in a contempt of the goods of fortune, and of the pleasures of sense.

Encyc.

Gymnosophy

GYM'NOSOPHY, noun [supra.] The doctrines of the Gymnosophists.

Good.

Gymnosperm

GYM'NOSPERM, noun [Greek, naked, and, seed.] In botany, a plant that bears naked seeds.

Gymnospermous

GYMNOSPERM'OUS, adjective [supra.] Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel.

Gyn

GYN, verb transitive To begin. Obs.

Gynander

GYNAN'DER, noun [Greek, a female, and, a male.]

In botany, a plant whose stamens are inserted in the pistil.

Gynandrian

GYNAN'DRIAN, adjective Having stamens inserted in the pistil.

Gynarchy

GYN'ARCHY, noun [Greek, woman, and, rule.] Government by a female.

Chesterfield.

Gypseous

GYP'SEOUS, adjective [See Gypsum.] Of the nature of gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.

Gypsum

GYP'SUM, noun [Latin from Greek; Chaldee and to overspread with plaster; Arabic gypsum.]

Plaster stone; sulphate of lime; a mineral not unfrequently found in crystals, often in amorphous masses. There are several subspecies and varieties; as the foliated, compact, earthy, granular, snowy and branchy.

Cleaveland.

Gypsum is of great use in agriculture and the arts. As a manure, it is invaluable.

Gypsey

GYP'SEY, or GYP'SY, noun [See Gipsey.]

Gyral

GY'RAL, adjective [See Gyre.] Whirling; moving in a circular form.

Gyration

GYRA'TION, noun [Latin gyratio. See Gyre.] A turning or whirling round; a circular motion.

Newton.

Gyre

GYRE, noun [Latin gyrus; Greek. Class Greek] A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn.

Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres.

Dryden.

Gyred

GY'RED, adjective Falling in rings.

Shak.

Gyrfalcon

GYR'FALCON, noun [French gerfault. This is said to be in Latin hierofalco, from Greek, sacred, and falco, and so named from the veneration of the Egyptians for hawks. Cuvier.] A species of Falco, or hawk.

Gyromancy

GYR'OMANCY, noun [Greek, a circuit, and, divination.]

A kind of divination performed by walking round in a circle or ring.

Cyc.

Gyve

GYVE, noun [Welsh gevyn; Irish geibheal, or geibion; from holding or making fast. See Gavel.] Gyves are fetters or shackles for the legs.

Gyves and the mill had tamed thee.

Milton.

Gyve

GYVE, verb transitive To fetter; to shackle; to chain.

Shak.

H

H

H, is the eighth letter of the English Alphabet. It is properly the representative of the Chaldee, Syriac and Hebrew, which is the eighth letter in those alphabets. Its form is the same as the Greek H eta. It is not strictly a vowel, nor an articulation; but the mark of a stronger breathing, than that which precedes the utterance of any other letter. It is pronounced with an expiration of breath, which, preceding a vowel, is perceptible by the ear at a considerable distance. Thus, harm and arm, hear and ear, heat and eat, are distinguished at almost any distance at which the voice can be heard. H is a letter sui generis, but as useful in forming and distinguishing words as any other.

In our mother tongue, the Anglo-Saxon, and other Teutonic dialects, h sometimes represents the Latin c, and the Greek; as in horn, Latin cornu, Greek; hide, German haut, Swedish hud, Dutch huid, Danish hud, Latin cutis; Saxon hlinian, Latin clino, Greek, to lean; Latin celo, to conceal, Saxon helan. German hehlen, Danish hoeler. In Latin, h sometimes represents the Greek; as in halo, Greek; hio,. In the modern European languages, it represents other guttural letters.

In English, h is sometimes mute, as in honor, honest; also when united with g, as in right, fight, brought. In which, what, who, whom, and some other words in which it follows w, it is pronounced before it, hwich, hwat, &c. As a numeral in Latin, H denotes 200, and with a dash over it H 200,000.

As an abbreviation in Latin, H stands for homo, hoeres, hora, &c.

HA, an exclamation, denoting surprise, joy or grief. With the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is equivalent to ``What do you say?' When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, or sometimes it is equivalent to ``Well! it is so.'

Haak

HAAK, noun A fish.

Ainsworth.

Habeas Corpus, [Latin have the body.] A writ for delivering a person from false imprisonment, or for removing a person from one court to another, &c.

Cowel.

Haberdasher

HAB'ERDASHER, noun [perhaps from German habe, Dutch have, goods, and German tauschen, to barter, to truck. If not, I can give no account of its origin.]

A seller of small wares; a word little used or not at all in the U. States.

Haberdashery

HAB'ERDASHERY, noun The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher.

Haberdine

HAB'ERDINE, noun A dried salt cod.

Ainsworth.

Habergeon

HAB'ERGEON, noun [French haubergeon; Norm. hauberiom; Armoric hobregon. It has been written also haberge, hauberk, &c. German halsberge; hals, the neck, and bergen, to save or defend.]

A coat of mail or armor to defend the neck and breast. It was formed of little iron rings united, and descended from the neck to the middle of the body.

Encyc. Exodus 28.

Habile

HAB'ILE, adjective Fit; proper. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Habiliment

HABIL'IMENT, noun [French habillement, from habiller, to clothe, from Latin habeo, to have.]

A garment; clothing; usually in the plural, habiliments, denoting garments, clothing or dress in general.

Habilitate

HABIL'ITATE, verb transitive [French habiliter.] To qualify. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Habilitation

HABILITA'TION, noun Qualification. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Hability

HABILITY. [See Ability.]

Habit

HAB'IT, noun [French habit; Spanish habito; Italian abito; Latin habitus, from habeo, to have, to hold. See Have.]

1. Garb; dress; clothes or garments in general.

The scenes are old, the habits are the same,

We wore last year.

Dryden.

There are among the statues, several of Venus, in different habits.

Addison.

2. A coat worn by ladies over other garments.

3. State of any thing, implying some continuance or permanence; temperament or particular state of a body, formed by nature or induced by extraneous circumstances; as a costive or lax habit of body; a sanguine habit.

4. A disposition or condition of the mind or body acquired by custom or a frequent repetition of the same act. Habit is that which is held or retained, the effect of custom or frequent repetition. Hence we speak of good habits and bad habits. Frequent drinking of spirits leads to a habit of intemperance. We should endeavor to correct evil habits by a change of practice. A great point in the education of children, is to prevent the formation of bad habits.

Habit of plants, the general form or appearance, or the conformity of plants of the same kind in structure and growth.

Martyn.

Habit

HAB'IT, verb transitive To dress; to clothe; to array.

They habited themselves like rural deities.

Dryden.

Habit

HAB'IT, verb transitive To dwell; to inhabit. Obs.

Chaucer.

Habitable

HAB'ITABLE, adjective [French from Latin habitabilis, from habito, to dwell.]

That may be inhabited or dwelt in; capable of sustaining human beings; as the habitable world. Some climates are scarcely habitable.

Habitableness

HAB'ITABLENESS, noun Capacity of being inhabited.

More. Ray.

Habitably

HAB'ITABLY, adverb In such a manner as to be habitable.

Forsyth.

Habitance

HAB'ITANCE, noun Dwelling; abode; residence. [Not now used.]

Spenser.

Habitancy

HAB'ITANCY, noun Legal settlement or inhabitancy. [See Inhabitancy.]

Belknap.

Habitant

HAB'ITANT, noun [French from Latin habitans.] An inhabitant; a dweller; a resident; one who has a permanent abode in a place.

Milton. Pope.

Habitat

HAB'ITAT, noun Habitation.

Fleming.

Habitation

HABITA'TION, noun [Latin habitatio, from habito, to dwell, from habeo, to hold, or as we say in English, to keep.]

1. Act of inhabiting; state of dwelling.

Denham.

2. Place of abode; a settled dwelling; a mansion; a house or other place in which man or any animal dwells.

The stars may be the habitations of numerous races of beings.

The Lord blesseth the habitation of the just. Proverbs 3.

Habitator

HAB'ITATOR, noun [Latin] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Not used.]

Brown.

Habited

HAB'ITED, adjective Clothed; dressed. He was habited like a shepherd.

2. Accustomed. [Not usual.]

Habitual

HABIT'UAL, adjective [French habituel, from habit.] Formed or acquired by habit, frequent use or custom.

Art is properly an habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims.

South.

2. Customary; according to habit; as the habitual practice of sin; the habitual exercise of holy affections.

It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common blessings.

Buckminster.

3. Formed by repeated impressions; rendered permanent by continued causes; as an habitual color of the skin.

S. S. Smith.

Habitually

HABIT'UALLY, adverb By habit; customarily; by frequent practice or use; as habitually profane; habitually kind and benevolent.

Habituate

HABIT'UATE, verb transitive [French habituer, from habit.]

1. To accustom; to make familiar by frequent use or practice. Men may habituate themselves to the taste of oil or tobacco. They habituate themselves to vice. Let us habituate ourselves and our children to the exercise of charity.

2. To settle as an inhabitant in a place.

Temple.

Habituate

HABIT'UATE, adjective Inveterate by custom.

Hammond.

2. Formed by habit.

Temple.

Habituated

HABIT'UATED, participle passive Accustomed; made familiar by use.

Habituating

HABIT'UATING, participle of the present tense Accustoming; making easy and familiar by practice.

Habitude

HAB'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin habitudo, from habitus.]

1. Relation; respect; state with regard to something else. [Little used.]

Hale. South.

2. Frequent intercourse; familiarity. [Not usual.]

To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company.

Dryden.

3. Customary manner or mode of life; repetition of the same acts; as the habitudes of fowls or insects.

Goldsmith.

4. Custom; habit.

Dryden. Prior.

Habnab

HAB'NAB, adverb [hap ne hap, let it happen or not.]

At random; by chance; without order or rule.

Hudibras.

Hack

HACK, verb transitive [Saxon haccan; Dutch hakken; German hacken; Danish hakker; Swedish hacka; French hacher, from which we have hash and hatchet, and from the same root, hatchel; Armoric haicha; Welsh haciaw, to hack; hag, a gash; and haggle is of the same family, as are hew and hoe. Class Cg.]

1. To cut irregularly and into small pieces; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument.

2. To speak with stops or catches; to speak with hesitation.

Shak.

Hack

HACK, noun A notch; a cut.

Shak.

Hack

HACK, noun A horse kept for hire; a horse much used in draught, or in hard service; any thing exposed to hire, or used in common. [from hackney.]

2. A coach or other carriage kept for hire. [from hackney.]

3. Hesitating or faltering speech.

More.

4. A rack for feeding cattle. [Local.]

Hack

HACK, adjective Hired.

Wakefield.

Hack

HACK, verb intransitive To be exposed or offered to common use for hire; to turn prostitute.

Hanmer.

2. To make an effort to raise phlegm. [See Hawk.]

Hacked

HACK'ED, participle passive Chopped; mangled.

Hacking

HACK'ING, participle of the present tense Chopping into small pieces; mangling; mauling.

Hackle

HACK'LE, verb transitive [German hecheln; Dutch hekelen. This is a dialectical variation of hatchel, hetchel.]

1. To comb flax or hemp; to separate the coarse part of these substances from the fine, by drawing them through the teeth of a hatchel.

2. To tear asunder.

Burke.

Hackle

HACK'LE, noun A hatchel. The latter word is used in the U. States.

2. Raw silk; any flimsy substance unspun.

Johnson. Walton.

3. A fly for angling, dressed with feathers or silk.

Todd.

Hackly

HACK'LY, adjective [from hack.] Rough; broken as if hacked.

In mineralogy, having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as a hackly fracture.

Cleaveland.

Hackmatack

HACK'MATACK, noun The popular name of the red larch, the Pinus microcarpa.

Bigelow.

Hackney

HACK'NEY, noun [French haquenÃƒ-©e, a pacing horse; Spanish hacanea, a nag somewhat larger than a pony; haca, a pony; Portugese hacanea or acanea, a choice pad, or ambling nag; Italian chinea.]

1. A pad; a nag; a pony.

Chaucer.

2. A horse kept for hire; a horse much used.

3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, and often exposed in the streets of cities. The word is sometimes contracted to hack.

4. Any thing much used or used in common; a hireling; a prostitute.

Hackney

HACK'NEY, adjective Let out for hire; devoted to common use; as a hackney-coach.

2. Prostitute; vicious for hire.

Roscommon.

3. Much used; common; trite; as a hackney author or remark.

Hackney

HACK'NEY, verb transitive To use much; to practice in one thing; to make trite.

2. To carry in a hackney-coach.

Cowper.

Hackney-Coach

HACK'NEY-COACH. [See Hackney.]

Hackney-Coachman

HACKNEY-COACHMAN, noun A man who drives a hackney-coach.

Hackneyed

HACK'NEYED, participle passive Used much or in common.

2. Practiced; accustomed.

He is long hackneyed in the ways of men.

Shak.

Hackneying

HACK'NEYING, participle of the present tense Using much; accustoming.

Hackneyman

HACK'NEYMAN, noun A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.

Barret.

Hackster

HACK'STER, noun A bully; a ruffian or assassin. Obs.

Bp. Hall.

Hacqueton

HAC'QUETON, noun [French hoqueton.] A stuffed jacket formerly worn under armor, sometimes made of lether. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Had

HAD, preterit tense and participle passive of have; contracted from Saxon hoefd, that is, haved; as, I had; I have had. In the phrase, ``I had better go,' it is supposed that had is used for would; ``I'd better go.' The sense of the phrase is, ``it would be better for me to go.'

Hadder

HAD'DER, noun [German heide.] Heath. [Not in use. See Heath.]

Haddock

HAD'DOCK, noun [Irish codog. The first syllable seems to be cod or gadus, and the last, the termination, as in bullock.]

A fish of the genus Gadus or cod, and order of Jugulars. It has a long body, the upper part of a dusky brown color, and the belly of a silvery hue; the lateral line is black. This fish breeds in immense numbers in the northern seas, and constitutes a considerable article of food.

Encyc.

Hade

HADE, noun Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft; also, the descent of a hill.

Drayton.

In mining, the inclination or deviation from the vertical of a mineral vein.

Cyc.

Haft

H`AFT, noun [Saxon hoeft, a haft, and hoeftan, to seize; German heft; Dutch heft; Danish hefte; from the root of have, or of Latin capio, Welsh hafiaw, to snatch.]

A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel which is taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used. It is used chiefly for the part of a sword or dagger by which it is held; the hilt.

Haft

H`AFT, verb transitive To set in a haft; to furnish with a handle.

Hafter

H`AFTER, noun [Welsh hafiaw, to catch.] A caviller; a wrangler. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Hag

HAG, noun [In Saxon hoegesse is a witch, fury or goblin, answering to the Hecate of mythology. In Welsh hagyr, ugly, is from hag, a gash, from the root of hack. In Russian ega is a foolish old woman, a sorceress. See Hagard.]

1. An ugly old woman; as an old hag of threescore.

Dryden.

2. A witch; a sorceress; an enchantress.

Shak.

3. A fury; a she-monster.

Crashaw.

4. A cartilaginous fish, the Gastrobranchus, which enters other fishes and devours them. It is about five or six inches long, and resembles a small eel. It is allied to the lamprey.

Cyc.

5. Appearances of light and fire on horses' manes or men's hair, were formerly called hags.

Blount.

Hag

HAG, verb transitive To harass; to torment.

Butler.

2. To tire; to weary with vexation.

Hagard

HAG'ARD, adjective [German hager, lean; Welsh hag, a gash; hacciaw, to hack. See Hack.]

1. Literally, having a ragged look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence, lean; meager; rough; having eyes sunk in their orbits; ugly.

2. Wild; fierce; intractable; as a hagard hawk.

Hagard

HAG'ARD, noun [See Hag. This and the other derivatives of hag ought to be written with a single g.]

1. Any thing wild and intractable.

Shak.

2. A species of hawk.

Walton.

3. A hag.

Hagardly

HAG'ARDLY, adverb In a hagard or ugly manner; with deformity.

Dryden.

Hagborn

HAG'BORN, noun Born of a hag or witch.

Shak.

Haggard

HAG'GARD, noun [Saxon haga, a little field, and geard, a yard.] A stack-yard.

Howell.

Haggess

HAG'GESS, noun [from hack.] A mess of meat, generally pork, chopped and inclosed in a membrane.

Johnson.

2. A sheep's head and pluck minced.

Entick.

Haggle

HAG'GLE, verb transitive [Welsh hag, a gash or cut. It is a diminutive from the root of hack.]

To cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough by cutting; to mangle; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood.

Suffolk first died, and York all haggled o'er,

Comes to him where in gore he lay insteep'd.

Shak.

Haggle

HAG'GLE, verb intransitive To be difficult in bargaining; to hesitate and cavil. [See Higgle.]

Haggled

HAG'GLED, participle passive Cut irregularly into notches; made rough by cutting; mangled.

Haggler

HAG'GLER, noun One who haggles.

2. One who cavils, hesitates and makes difficulty in bargaining.

Haggling

HAG'GLING, participle of the present tense Hacking; mangling; caviling and hesitating in bargaining.

Hagiographal

HAGIOG'RAPHAL, noun Pertaining to hagiography, which see.

Hagiographer

HAGIOG'RAPHER, noun [See the next word.] A writer of holy or sacred books.

Hagiography

HAGIOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, holy, and, a writing.]

Sacred writings. The Jews divide the books of the Scriptures into three parts; the Law, which is contained in the five first books of the Old Testament; the Prophets, or Nevim; and the Cetuvim, or writings, by way of eminence. The latter class is called by the Greeks Hagiographa, comprehending the books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Ruth, Esther, Chronicles, Canticles, Lamentations, and Ecclesiastes.

Hagish

HAG'ISH, adjective Of the nature of a hag; deformed; ugly; horrid.

Shak.

Hag-Ridden

HAG'-RIDDEN, adjective Afflicted with the nightmar.

Cheyne.

Hagship

HAG'SHIP, noun The state or title of a hag or witch.

Middleton.

Haguebut

HAGUEBUT. [See Arquebuse.]

Hah

HAH, an exclamation expressing surprise or effort.

Hail

HAIL, noun [Saxon hoegel or hagel; German, Dutch Danish and Swedish hagel; so called from its rough, broken form, from the root of hack, haggle.]

Masses of ice or frozen vapor, falling from the clouds in showers or storms. These masses consist of little spherules united, but not all of the same consistence; some being as hard and solid as perfect ice; others soft, like frozen snow. Hailstones assume various figures; some are round, others angular, others pyramidical, others flat, and sometimes they are stellated with six radii, like crystals of snow.

Encyc.

Hail

HAIL, verb intransitive To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors.

Hail

HAIL, verb transitive To pour.

Shak.

Hail

HAIL, adjective [Saxon hal, whole, sound; hoel, health; German heil, Dutch Danish heel, Swedish hel, Greek, whole. See Heal.]

Sound; whole; healthy; not impaired by disease; as a hail body; hail corn. [In this sense, it is usually written hale.]

Hail

HAIL, an exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. Hail, be well; be in health; health to you; a term of salutation, equivalent to Latin salve, salvete.

Hail, hail, brave friend.

Shak.

Hail

HAIL, noun A wish of health; a salutation. This word is sometimes used as a noun; as, the angel hail bestowed.

Milton.

Hail

HAIL, verb transitive [from the same root as call, Latin calo, Greek. See Call and Heal.]

To call; to call to a person at a distance, to arrest his attention. It is properly used in any case where the person accosted is distant, but is appropriately used by seamen. Hoa or hoi, the ship ahoay, is the usual manner of hailing; to which the answer is holloa, or hollo. Then follow the usual questions, whence came ye? where are you bound? &c.

Hailed

HA'ILED, participle passive Called to from a distance; accosted.

Hailing

HA'ILING, participle of the present tense Saluting; calling to from a distance.

2. Pouring down hail.

Hailshot

HA'ILSHOT, noun Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Not used.]

Hayward.

Hailstone

HA'ILSTONE, noun A single mass of ice falling from a cloud.

Dryden.

Haily

HA'ILY, adjective Consisting of hail; as haily showers.

Pope.

Hainous

HA'INOUS, adjective [French haineux, from haine, hatred. Qu. Greek.]

Properly, hateful; odious. Hence, great, enormous, aggravated; as a hainous sin or crime.

Mitford.

Hainously

HA'INOUSLY, adverb Hatefully; abominably; enormously.

Hainousness

HA'INOUSNESS, noun Odiousness; enormity; as the hainousness of theft or robbery, or of any crime.

Hair

HAIR, noun [Saxon hoer; German haar; Dutch hair; Swedish hÃƒ-¥r; Danish haar.]

1. A small filament issuing from the skin of an animal, and from a bulbous root. Each filament contains a tube or hollow within, occupied by a pulp or pith, which is intended for its nutrition, and extends only to that part which is in a state of growth.

Cyc.

When hair means a single filament, it has a plural, hairs.

2. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming an integument or covering; as the hair of the head. Hair is the common covering of many beasts. When the filaments are very fine and short, the collection of them is called fur. Wool, also, is a kind of hair. When hair signifies a collection of these animal filaments, it has no plural.

3. Any thing very small or fine; or a very small distance; the breadth of a hair. He judges to a hair, that is, very exactly.

Dryden.

4. A trifling value. It is not worth a hair.

5. Course; order; grain; the hair falling in a certain direction. [Not used.]

You go against the hair of your profession.

Shak.

6. Long, straight and distinct filaments on the surface of plants; a species of down or pubescence.

Martyn.

Hairbell

HA'IRBELL, noun A plant, a species of hyacinth.

Hair-Brained

HA'IR-BRAINED. [See Hare-brained.]

Hair-Breadth

HA'IR-BREADTH, noun [See Breadth.] The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance.

Ã‚--Seven hundred chosen men left-handed; every one could sling stones to a hair-breadth. Judges 20.

It is used as an adjective; as a hair-breadth escape. But in New England, it is generally hair's breadth.

Haircloth

HA'IRCLOTH, noun Stuff or cloth made of hair, or in part with hair. In military affairs, pieces of this cloth are used for covering the powder in wagons, or on batteries, or for covering charged bombs, &c.

Encyc.

Hairhung

HA'IRHUNG, adjective Hanging by a hair.

Young.

Hairlace

HA'IRLACE, noun A fillet for tying up the hair of the head.

Swift.

Hairless

HA'IRLESS, adjective Destitute of hair; bald; as hairless scalps.

Shak.

Hairiness

HA'IRINESS, noun [from hairy.] The state of abounding or being covered with hair.

Johnson.

Hairpin

HA'IRPIN, noun A pin used in dressing the hair.

Hairpowder

HA'IRPOWDER, noun A fine powder of flour for sprinkling the hair of the head.

Hair-Salt

HA'IR-SALT, noun [haar-salz, Werner.] A mixture of the sulphates of magnesia and iron; its taste resembles that of alum.

Cleaveland.

2. To manage; to use; to wield.

That fellow handles a bow like a crow-keeper.

Shak.

3. To make familiar by frequent touching.

The breeders in FlandersÃ‚--handle their colts six months every year.

Temple.

4. To treat; to discourse on; to discuss; to use or manage in writing or speaking. The author handled the subject with address. The speaker handled the arguments to the best advantage.

5. To use; to deal with; to practice.

They that handle the law knew me not. Jeremiah 2.

6. To treat; to use well or ill.

How wert thou handled?

Shak.

7. To manage; to practice on; to transact with.

You shall see how I will handle her.

Shak.

Hairworm

HA'IRWORM, noun A genus of worms (vermes,) called Gordius; a filiform animal found in fresh water or in the earth. There are several species.

Encyc.

Hairy

HA'IRY, a. [from hair.] Overgrown with hair; covered with hair; abounding with hair.

Esau, my brother, is a hairy man. Gen. xxvii. 2. Consisting of hair; as hairy honors.

Dryden. 3. Resembling hair; of the nature of hair.

Hake

HAKE, noun A kind of fish, the Gadus merlucius; called by some authors lucius marinus. It was formerly salted and dried.

Encyc.

Hakot

HAK'OT, noun A fish.

Ainsworth.

Hal

HAL, in some names, signifies hall.

Halberd

HAL'BERD, noun [French hallebarde; Greek hellebarde; D. hellebaard; It. alabarda or labarda; Sp. Port. alabarda; Russ. berdish, a halberd or battle-ax, a pole-ax. The etymology is not settled. It seems anciently to have been a battle-ax fixed to a long pole, and in Gothic hilde is battle.]

A military weapon, consisting of a pole or shaft of wood, with a head armed with a steel point, with a cross piece of steel, flat and pointed at both ends, or with a cutting edge at one end, and a bent point at the other. It is carried by sergeants of foot and dragoons.

Encyc.

Halberdier

HALBERDIE'R, noun One who is armed with a halberd.

Bacon.

Halcyon

HAL'CYON, n. hal'shon. [L. halcyon, Gr. , a king-fisher.]

The name anciently given to the king-fisher, otherwise called alcedo; a bird that was said to lay her eggs in nests, on rocks near the sea, during the calm weather about the winter solstice. Hence,

Halcyon

HAL'CYON, a. Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. Halcyon days were seven days before and as many after the winter solstice, when the weather was calm. Hence by halcyon days are now understood days of peace and tranquility.

Halcyonian

HALCYO'NIAN, a. Halcyon; calm.

Sheldon.

Hale

HALE, a. [Sax. hal, sound, whole. See Hail and Heal.]

Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as a hale body.

Hale

HALE, noun Welfare. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Hale

HALE, v. t. [Sw. hala; French haler.] To pull or draw with force; to drag. This is now more generally written and pronounced haul, which see. It is always to be pronounced haul.

Half

H`ALF, n. h`af. plu. halves, pron. h`avz. [Sax. half or healf; Goth. halbs; D. half; Sw. half; Dan. halv; Greek halb.]

One equal part of a thing which is divided into two parts, either in fact or in contemplation; a moiety; as half a pound; half a tract of land; half an orange; half the miseries or pleasures of life. It is applied to quantity, number, length, and every thing susceptible of division. In practice, of is often or usually omitted after half. We say, half a pound; half a mile; half the number. Half the misery of life.

Addison.

Half

H`ALF, v. t. To divide into halves. [See Halve.]

Half

H`ALF, adverb In part, or in an equal part or degree.

Half loth, and half consenting.

Dryden. In composition, half denotes an equal part; or indefinitely, a part, and hence, imperfect.

Halfblood

H`ALFBLOOD, noun Relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as a brother or sister of the half blood. The word is sometimes used as an adjective.

Half-Blooded

H`ALF-BLOODED, a. Mean; degenerate. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. Proceeding from a male and female, each of full blood, but of different breeds; as a half-blooded sheep.

Half-Bred

H`ALF-BRED, a. Mixed; mongrel; mean.

Half-Cap

H`ALF-CAP, noun A cap not wholly put on.

Shak.

Half-Dead

H`ALF-DEAD, a. Almost dead; nearly exhausted.

Halfen

H`ALFEN, a. Wanting half its due qualities. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Halfer

H`ALFER, noun One that possesses half only.

2. A male fallow deer gelded.

Half-Faced

H`ALF-FACED, a. Showing only part of the face.

Shak.

Half-Hatched

H`ALF-HATCHED, a. Imperfectly hatched; as half-hatched eggs.

Gay.

Half-Heard

H`ALF-HEARD, a. Imperfectly heard; not heard to the end.

And leave half-heard the melancholy tale.

Pope.

Half-Learned

H`ALF-LEARNED, a. Imperfectly learned.

South.

Half-Lost

H`ALF-LOST, a. Nearly lost.

Milton.

Half-Mark

H`ALF-MARK, noun A coin; a noble, or 6s. 8d. sterling.

Half-Moon

H`ALF-MOON, noun The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.

2. Any thing in the shape of a half-moon. In fortification, an outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle, whose gorge is in the form of a crescent or half-moon.

Encyc.

Half-Part

H`ALF-PART, noun An equal part.

Shak.

Half-Pay

H`ALF-PAY, noun Half the amount of wages or salary; as, an officer retires on half-pay.

Half-Pay

H`ALF-PAY, a. Receiving or entitled to half-pay; as a half-pay officer.

Half-Penny

H`ALF-PENNY, n. hap'penny or ha'penny. A copper coin of the value of half a penny; also, the value of half a penny. It is used in the plural.

He cheats for half-pence.

Dryden. [This coin is not current in America.]

Half-Penny

H`ALF-PENNY, a. Of the price or value of half a penny; as a half-penny loaf.

Shak.

Half-Penny-Worth

H`ALF-PENNY-WORTH, noun The value of a half-penny.

Half-Pike

H`ALF-PIKE, noun A small pike carried by officers.

Tatler.

2. A small pike used in boarding ships.

Mar. Dict.

Half-P&Ibar;Nt

H`ALF-P&Ibar;NT, noun The half of a pint, or fourth of a quart.

Pope.

Half-Read

H`ALF-READ, a. Superficially informed by reading.

Dryden.

Half-Scholar

H`ALF-SCHOLAR, noun One imperfectly learned.

Watts.

Half-seas over, a low expression denoting half drunk.

Half-S&Ibar;Ghted

H`ALF-S&Ibar;GHTED, a. Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment.

Bacon.

Half-Sphere

H`ALF-SPHERE, noun Hemisphere.

B. Jonson.

Half-Starved

H`ALF-STARVED, a. Almost starved.

Half-Strained

HALF-STRAINED, a. Half-bred; imperfect.

Dryden.

Half-Sword

H`ALF-SWORD, noun Within half the length of a sword; close fight.

Shak.

Half-Way

H`ALF-WAY, adverb In the middle; at half the distance.

Granville.

Half-Way

H`ALF-WAY, a. Equally distant from the extremes; as a half-way house.

Half-Wit

H`ALF-WIT, noun A foolish person; a dolt; a blockhead.

Dryden.

Half-Witted

H`ALF-WITTED, a. Weak in intellect; silly; foolish.

Swift.

Halibut

HAL'IBUT, noun A fish of the genus Pleuronectes, and order of Thoracics. This fish has a compressed body, one side resembling the back, the other the belly; and both eyes on the same side of the head. It grows to a great size; some to the weight of 300 or 400 pounds. It forms an article of food, and some parts of the body are fat, tender and delicious. This fish swims on its side, and hence the name of the genus.

Encyc.

Halidom

HAL'IDOM, noun [Sax. haligdome; holy and dom.] Adjuration by what is holy. Obs.

Spenser.

Haling

HALING. [See Hauling.]

Halituous

HALIT'UOUS, a. [L. halitus, breath.] Like breath; vaporous. Obs.

Boyle.

Hall

HALL, noun [Sax. heal; D. hal or zaal; Greek saal; Sw. and Dan. sal; French salle; It. and Sp. sala; L. aula; Gr. ; Sans. aala; Copt. auli; Turk. awli. Qu. Heb. , a tent, Ar. to marry, and to begin housekeeping, or Heb. Ch. Syr. , a palace. Qu. are these all of one family. See Salt.]

1. In architecture, a large room at the entrance of a house or palace. In the houses of ministers of state, magistrates, &c. it is the place where they give audience and dispatch business.

Encyc. 2. An edifice in which courts of justice are held; as Westminster Hall, which was originally a royal palace, the kings of England formerly holding their parliaments and courts of judicature in their own dwellings, as is still the practice in Spain.

Encyc. 3. A manor-house, in which courts were formerly held.

Addison. 4. A college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institution. 5. A room for a corporation or public assembly; as a town-hall; Fanueil Hall in Boston, &c. 6. A collegiate body in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

Prideavx.

Halleluiah

HALLELU'IAH, noun [Heb. praise ye Jah or Jehovah, from , to praise, that is, to throw, or raise the voice, to utter a loud sound. Ar. halla or ealla, to appear; to begin to shine, as the new moon; to exclaim; to exult; to sing; to rejoice; to praise or worship God. Gr. , a shout in battle. It coincides in elements with howl, L. ululo.]

Praise ye Jehovah; give praise to God; a word used in songs of praise, or a term of rejoicing in solemn ascriptions of thanks-giving to God. It is used as a noun, or as an exclamation. [This word is improperly written with j, in conformity with the German and other continental languages, in which j has the sound of y. But to pronounce the word with the English sound of j destroys its beauty. The like mistake of the sound of j in Jehovah, Jordan, Joseph, has perverted the true pronounciation, which was Yehovah, Yordan, Yoseph. This perversion must now be submitted to, but in Halleluiah it ought not to be tolerated.]

Halliard

HAL'LIARD, noun [from hale, haul.] A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering a sail.

Mar. Dict.

Hallier

HAL'LIER, noun A particular kind of net for catching birds.

Encyc.

Halloo

HAL'LOO, v. i. [This seems to belong to the family of call; French haler.]

To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to by name, or by the word halloo. Country folks hallooed and hooted after me.

Sidney.

Halloo

HAL'LOO, v. t. To encourage with shouts.

Old John hallooes his hounds again.

Prior. 2. To chase with shouts.

Shak. 3. To call or shout to.

Shak. [This verb is regular, and pronounced with the accent on the first syllable.]

Halloo

HALLOO', an exclamation, used as a call to invite attention.

Hallooing

HAL'LOOING, ppr. Crying out; as a noun, a loud outcry.

Hallow

HAL'LOW, v. t. [Sax. haligan or halgian, to consecrate, to sanctify, from halig or halg, holy, from hal, sound, safe, whole; Greek heiligen, from heilig, holy, heil, whole; heilen, to heal; D. heiligen, from heilig, holy, heil, safety, happiness; Dan. helliger, from hellig, holy; heel, whole, entire; Sw. helga, from helig, holy. See Holy. It coincides in origin with hold, and L. calleo, to be able.]

1. To make holy; to consecrate; to set apart for holy or religious use. Ex. xxviii. xxix. 1 Kings viii. 2. To devote to holy or religious exercises; to treat as sacred. Hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 3. To reverence; to honor as sacred. Hallowed be thy name.

Lord's Prayer.

Hallowed

HAL'LOWED, pp. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to religious exercises; treated as sacred; reverenced.

Hallowing

HAL'LOWING, ppr. Setting apart for sacred purposes; consecrating; devoting to religious exercises; reverencing.

Hallowmas

HAL'LOWMAS, noun [See Mass.] The feast of All Souls.

Shak.

Hallucination

HALLUCINA'TION, noun [L. hallucinatio, from hallucinor, to blunder.]

1. Error; blunder; mistake. [Little used.]

Addison. 2. In medicine, faulty sense [dysoesthesia,] or erroneous imagination. Hallucinations of the senses, arise from some defect in the organs of sense, or from some unusual circumstances attending the object, as when it is seen by moonlight; and they are sometimes symptoms of general disease, as in fevers. Maniacal hallucinations arise from some imaginary or mistaken idea. Similar hallucinations occur in revery.

Darwin.

Parr.

Halm

HALM, n. haum. [Sax. healm; L. culmus.] Straw. [See Haum.]

Halo

HA'LO, noun [Ar. haulon. The verb signifies to frighten, and to adorn with necklaces.]

A circle appearing round the body of the sun, moon or stars, called also Corona, or crown. Halos are sometimes white and sometimes colored. Sometimes one only appears, and sometimes several concentric circles appear at the same time.

Encyc.

Halse

HALSE, noun [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. Obs.

Chaucer.

Halse

HALSE, v. i. hals. To embrace about the neck; to adjure; to greet. Obs.

Halsening

HAL'SENING, a. Sounding harshly in the throat or tongue. Obs.

Carew.

Halser

HALSER, n. hawz'er. [Sax. Greek D. Dan. Sw. hals, the neck; and Qu. Sax. soel, a rope or strap.]

A large rope of a size between the cable and the tow-line. [See Hawser.]

Halt

HALT, v. i. [Sax. healt, halt, lame; healtian, to limp; Greek halt, a hold, stop, halt; halten, to hold; Sw. halt, halta; Dan. halt, halter; from the root of hold.]

1. To stop in walking; to hold. In military affairs, the true sense is retained, to stop in a march. The army halted at noon. 2. To limp; that is, to stop with lameness. 3. To hesitate; to stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do. How long halt ye between two opinions? 1 Kings xviii. 4. To fail; to falter; as a halting sonnet.

Shak.

Halt

HALT, v. t. To stop; to cause to cease marching; a military term. The general halted his troops for refreshment.

Washington.

Halt

HALT, a. [Sax. healt.] Lame; that is, holding or stopping in walking.

Bring hither the poor, the maimed, the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv.

Halt

HALT, noun A stopping; a stop in marching. The troops made a halt at the bridge.

2. The act of limping.

Halter

HALT'ER, noun One who halts or limps.

Halter

HALT'ER, noun [G. halter, a holder. See Halt.]

1. A rope or strap and head-stall for leading or confining a horse. 2. A rope for hanging malefactors. 3. A strong cord or string.

Halter

HALT'ER, v. t. To put a halter on; as, to halter a horse.

2. To catch and hold, or to bind with a rope or cord.

Halting

HALT'ING, ppr. Stopping; limping.

Haltingly

HALT'INGLY, adverb With limping; slowly.

Halve

H`ALVE, v. t. h`av. [from half.] To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple.

Halved

H`ALVED, a. In botany, hemispherical; covering one side; placed on one side.

Halves

H`ALVES, noun plu. of half. Two equal parts of a thing. To cry halves, is to claim an equal share. To go halves, is to have an equal share.

Ham

HAM, Sax. ham, a house, is our modern word home, Greek heim. It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as in Walt-ham, wood-house, walt, a wood, and ham, a

house, [not Wal-tham, as it is often pronounced,] Bucking-ham, Notting-ham, Wrent-ham, Dur-ham, &c.

Ham

HAM, noun [Sax. ham.] The inner or hind part of the knee; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the leg of an animal. Hence,

2. The thigh of a beast, particularly of a hog, whether salted and cured or not. But the word is more generally understood to mean the thigh of a hog salted and dried in smoke.

Hamadryad

HAM'ADRYAD, noun [Gr. , together, and , a tree.] A wood nymph, feigned to live and die with the tree to which it was attached.

Spectator.

Hamate

HAM'ATE, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked; entangled.

Berkley.

Hamated

HAM'ATED, a. [L. hamatus, from hama, a hook; Celtic and Pers. cam, crooked.] Hooked or set with hooks.

Swift.

Hamble

HAM'BLE, v. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring. [Not used.]

Hame

HAME, noun plu. hames. [G. kummet; Russ. chomut, a collar; but it seems to be the Scot. haims. In Sw. hamma is to stop or restrain.]

A kind of collar for a draught horse, consisting of two bending pieces of wood or bows, and these placed on curving pads or stuffed lether, made to conform to the shape of the neck.

Hamite

HAM'ITE, noun The fossil remains of a curved shell.

Ed. Encyc.

Hamlet

HAM'LET, noun [Sax. ham, a house; French hameau; Arm. hamell or hamm. See Home.]

A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. This word seems originally to have signified the seat of a freeholder, comprehending the mansion house and adjacent buildings. It now denotes a small collection of houses in the country, in distinction from a city, a large town or township. The country wasted and the hamlets burned.

Dryden.

Hamleted

HAM'LETED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country life.

Feltham.

Hammer

HAM'MER, noun [Sax. hamer; D. hamer; Greek Dan. hammer; Sw. hammare; probably, the beater.] An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like. It consists of an iron head, fixed crosswise to a handle. Hammers are of various sizes; a large hammer used by smiths is called a sledge.

Hammer

HAM'MER, v. t. To beat with a hammer; as, to hamner iron or steel.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. 3. To work in the mind; to contrive by intellectual labor; usually with out; as, to hammer out a scheme.

Hammer

HAM'MER, v. i. To work; to be busy; to labor in contrivance.

2. To be working or in agitation.

Hammerable

HAM'MERABLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer.

Sherwood.

Hammercloth

HAM'MERCLOTH, noun The cloth which covers a coach-box, so called from the old practice of carrying a hammer, nails, &c. in a little pocket hid by this cloth.

Pegge.

Hammered

HAM'MERED, pp. Beaten with a hammer.

Hammerer

HAM'MERER, noun One who works with a hammer.

Hammerhard

HAM'MERHARD, noun Iron or steel hardened by hammering.

Moxon.

Hammering

HAM'MERING, ppr. Beating with a hammer; working; contriving.

Hammer-Man

HAM'MER-MAN, noun One who beats or works with a hammer.

Hammer-Wort

HAM'MER-WORT, noun An herb.

Todd.

Hammite

HAMMITE. [See Ammite.]

Hammoc

HAM'MOC, noun [Sp. hamaca; Port. maca.] A kind of hanging bed, suspended between trees or posts, or by hooks. It consists of a piece of hempen cloth about six feet long and three feet wide, gathered at the ends and suspended by cords. It forms a bed, or a receptacle for a bed, on board of ships.

Encyc.

Mar. Dict.

Hamous

HAM'OUS, [L. hamus, a hook; Celtic, cam, crooked.]

Hooked; having the end hooked or curved; a term of botany.

Lee.

Martyn.

Hamper

HAM'PER, noun [contracted from hanaper, or from hand pannier.]

1. A large basket for conveying things to market, &c. 2. Fetters, or some instrument that shackles.

W. Browne. [This significantion and that of the verb following indicate that this word is from hanaper, and that the latter is from the sense of interweaving twigs.]

Hamper

HAM'PER, v. t. [See the Noun.] To shackle; to entangle; hence, to impede in motion or progress, or to render progress difficult.

A lion hampered in a net.

L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls, and hinder their flight upwards.

Tillotson. 2. To ensnare; to inveigle; to catch with allurements.

Shak. 3. To tangle; to render complicated.

Blackmore. 4. To perplex; to embarrass. Hampered by the laws.

Butler.

Hampered

HAM'PERED, pp. Shackled; entangled; ensnared; perplexed.

Hampering

HAM'PERING, ppr. Shackling; entangling; perplexing.

Hamster

HAM'STER, noun [G. hamster; Russ. chomiak.]

A species of rat, the Mus cricetus, or German marmot. This rat is of the size of the water rat, but is of a browner color, and its belly and legs of a dirty yellow. It is remarkable for two bags, like those of a baboon, on each side of the jaw, under the skin, in which it conveys grain, peas and acorns to its winter residence.

Encyc.

Goldsmith.

Hamstring

HAM'STRING, noun The tendons of the ham.

Wiseman.

Hamstring

HAM'STRING, v. t. pret. and pp. hamstrung or hamstringed. To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or disable.

Dryden.

Han

HAN, for have, in the plural.

Spenser.

Hanaper

HAN'APER, noun [Norm, hanap, a cup, a hamper; Sax. hnoep, Greek napf, D. nap, French hanap, Arm. hanaff, It. nappo, a bowl or cup. These seem to be all the same word, yet I see not how a cup and a basket should have the same name, unless the vessel was originally made of bark, and so tight as to hold liquors.]

The hanaper was used in early days by the kings of England, for holding and carrying with them their money, as they journeyed from place to place. It was a kind of basket, like the fiscus, and hence came to be considered as the king's treasury. Hence, the clerk or warden of the hanaper, is an officer who receives the fees due to the king for seals of charters, patents, commissions, and writs. There is also an officer who is controller of the hanaper. This word therefore answered to the modern exchequer.

Spelman.

Hance

HANCE, or

Haunce

HAUNCE, for enhance. Obs. [See Enhance.]

Hances

HAN'CES, n. plu. [L. ansa.] In architecture, the ends of elliptical arches, which are the arches of smaller circles than the scheme or middle part of the arch.

Harris. 2. In a ship, falls of the fife-rails placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to the gangway.

Harris.

Hand

HAND, noun [Sax. hand, hond; Greek and D. hand; Dan. haand; Sw. hand. This word may be connected in origin with Sax. hentan, to follow, to take or seize, Gr. , L. hendo, in prehendo; but from its derivatives, handy, handsome, it would appear to proceed from a root signifying to be strong, right, straight, which would give the sense of fitness and of beauty. Chaucer has hende, hendy, civil, courteous.]

1. In man, the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fingers, connected with the arm at the wrist; the part with which we hold and use any instrument. 2. In falconry, the foot of a hawk; and in the manege, the fore-foot of a horse. 3. A measure of four inches; a palm; applied chiefly to horses; as a horse 14 hands high. 4. Side; part; right or left; as on the one hand or the other. This is admitted on all hands, that is, on all sides, or by all parties. 5. Act; deed; performance; external action; that is, the effect for the cause, the hand being the instrument of action. Thou sawest the contradiction between my heart and hand.

King Charles. 6. Power of performance; skill. A friend of mine has a very fine hand on the violin.

Addison. He had a mind to try his hand at a Spectator.

Addison. 7. Power of making or producing. An intelligent being coming out of the hands of infinite perfection.

Cheyne. 8. Manner of acting or performance; as, he changed his hand.

Dryden. 9. Agency; part in performing or executing. Punish every man who had a hand in the mischief. We see the hand of God in this event. 10. Conveyance; agency in transmitting. 11. Possession; power. The estate is in the hands of the owner. The papers are in my hands. 12. The cards held at a game; hence, a game. 13. That which performs the office of the hand or of a finger in pointing; as the hand of a clock; the hour hand, and the minute hand. 14. A person; an agent; a man employed in agency or service. The mason employs twenty hands. 15. Form of writing; style of penmanship; as a good hand; a bad hand; a fine hand. 16. Agency; service; ministry. Ex. iv. Lev. viii. 17. In Scripture, the hand of God, is his eternal purpose and executive power. Acts iv. 18. The providential bounty of God. Ps. civ. 19. The power of God exerted in judgments or mercies, in punishing or defending. Judges ii. Ps. xxxii. 20. The spirit of God; divine influence. 1 Kings xviii. 21. The favor of God, or his support. Neh. ii. Luke i. At hand, near; either present and within reach, or not far distant. Your husband is at hand, I hear his trumpet.

Shak. 2. Near in time; not distant. The day of Christ is at hand. 2 Thess. ii. By hand, with the hands, in distinction from the instrumentality of tools, engines or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw or carry by hand. In hand, present payment; in respect to the receiver. Receiving in hand one year's tribute.

Knolles. 2. In a state of execution. I have a great work in hand. At my hand, at his hand, &c., denote from the person or being. Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? Job ii. On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. 2. Under one's care or management. Jupiter had a farm on his hands.

L'Estrange. Off hand, without delay, hesitation or difficulty; immediately; dextrously; without previous preparation. Out of hand, ready payment; with regard to the payer. Let not the wages of any man tarry with thee; but give it him out of hand.

Tobit. To his hand, to my hand, &c., in readiness; already prepared; ready to be received. The work is made to his hands.

Locke. Under his hand, under her hand, &c., with the proper writing or signature of the name. This deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner. Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Little used.]

Bacon. Hand over hand, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another, as to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand; used by seamen.

Mar. Dict. Hand to hand, in close union; close fight.

Dryden. But from hand to hand is from one person to another. Hand in hand, in union; conjointly; unitedly.

Swift. To join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in concert. Hand in hand, fit; pat; suitable.

Shak. Hand to mouth. To live from hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other necessaries, as want requires, without making previous provision, or having an abundant previous supply. To bear in hand, to keep in expectation; to elude. [Not used.]

Shak. To bear a hand, to hasten; a seaman's phrase. To be hand and glove, to be intimate and familiar, as friends or associates. To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake. That the Lord thy God may bless thee, in all thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. To take in hand, to attempt; to undertake. Luke i. Also, to seize and deal with. To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency in.

South. To put the last hand or finishing hand to, to complete; to perfect; to make the last corrections, or give the final polish. To change hands, to change sides; to shift.

Butler. Hand, in the sense of rate, price, terms, conditions, as used by Bacon, Taylor, &c., is obsolete; as, "to buy at a dear hand;" "accept the mystery, but at no hand wrest it by pride or ignorance." So in the sense of advantage, gain, superiority, as used by Hayward; and in that of competition, content, as used by Shakspeare. To get hand, to gain influence, is obsolete. A heavy hand, severity or oppression. A light hand, gentleness; moderation. A strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. Hands off, a vulgar phrase for keep off, for-bear. To pour water on the hands, in the phraseology of the Scriptures, is to serve or minister to. 2 Kings iii. To wash the hands, to profess innocence. Matt. xxvii. To kiss the hand, imports adoration. Job xxxi. To lean on the hand, imports familiarity. 2 Kings v. To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. Prov. xvii. Putting the hand under the thigh, was an ancient ceremony used in swearing. To give the hand, is to make a covenant with one, or to unite with him in design. 2 Kings x. The stretching out of the hand, denotes an exertion of power. But, The stretching out of the hand to God, imports earnest prayer or solemn dedication of one's self to him. Ps. lxviii. and cxliii. The lifting of the hand, was used in affirmation and swearing, and in prayer imported a solemn wishing of blessings from God. Gen. xiv. Lev. xix. To lift the hand against a superior, to rebel. 2 Sam. xx. To put forth the hand against one, to kill him. 1 Sam. xxiv. To put one's hand to a neighbor's goods, to steal them. Ex. xxii. To lay hands on in anger, to assault or seize, or to smite. Ex. xxiv. Is. xi. To lay the hand on the mouth, imports silence. Job xl. The laying on of hands, was also a ceremony used in consecrating one to office. Num. xxvii. 1 Tim. iv. It was also used in blessing persons. Mark x. Hiding the hand in the bosom, denotes idleness; inactivity; sluggishness. Prov. xix. The clapping of hands, denotes joy and rejoicing. But in some instances, contempt or derision, or joy at the calamities of others. Ps. xlvii. Ezek. xxv. A station at the right hand is honorable, and denotes favor, approbation or honor. A station on the left hand is less honorable. Matt. xx. God's standing at the right hand of men, imports his regard for them, and his readiness to defend and assist them. Ps. xvi. Satan's standing at the right hand of men, imports his readiness to accuse them, or to hinder or torment them. Zech. iii. Clean hands, denotes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv. A slack hand, denotes idleness; carelessness; sloth. Prov. x. The right hand, denotes power; strength. Ex. xv.

Hand

HAND, v. t. To give or transmit with the hand. Hand me a book.

2. To lead, guide and lift with the hand; to conduct.

Locke. 3. To manage; as, I hand my oar.

Prior. 4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Not used.]

Shak. 5. In seamanship, to furl; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and fasten it with gaskets.

Mar. Dict. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor. Fables are handed down from age to age.

Handball

HAND'BALL, noun An ancient game with a ball.

Brand.

Handbarrow

HAND'BARROW, noun A barrow or vehicle borne by the hands of men, and without a wheel.

Mortimer.

Handbasket

HAND'BASKET, noun A small or portable basket.

Mortimer.

Handbell

HAND'BELL, noun A small bell rung by the hand; a table bell.

Bacon.

Handbreadth

HAND'BREADTH, noun A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxv.

Handcloth

HAND'CLOTH, noun A handkerchief.

Handcuff

HAND'CUFF, noun [Sax. handcopse.] A manacle, consisting of iron rings for the wrists, and a connecting chain to confine the hands.

Handcuff

HAND'CUFF, v. t. To manacle; to confine the hands with handcuffs.

Handcraft

HAND'CR`AFT, noun Work performed by the hands; usually written handicraft.

Handed

HAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands; conducted; furled.

Handed

HAND'ED, a. With hands joined.

Milton. 2. In composition, as right-handed, most dextrous or strong with the right hand; having the right hand most able and ready. Left-handed, having the left hand most strong and convenient for principal use.

Hander

HAND'ER, noun One who hands or transmits; a conveyer in succession.

Dryden.

Handfast

HAND'F`AST, noun Hold; custody; power of confining or keeping. Obs.

Shak.

Handfast

HAND'F`AST, a. Fast by contract; firm. Obs.

Handfast

HAND'F`AST, v. t. [Sax. handfoestan.] To pledge; to betroth; to bind; to join solemnly by the hand. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Sancroft.

Handfasting

HAND'F`ASTING, noun A kind of betrothing, or marriage contract. Obs.

Hand-Fetter

HAND'-FETTER, noun A fetter for the hand; a manacle.

Sherwood.

Handful

HAND'FUL, noun As much as the hand will grasp or contain.

Addison.

2. As much as the arms will embrace. 3. A palm; four inches. Obs.

Bacon. 4. A small quantity or number. A handful of men.

Clarendon. 5. As much as can be done; full employment.

Raleigh. In America, the phrase is, he has his hands full.

Handgallop

HAND'GALLOP, noun A slow and easy gallop, in which the hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed.

Johnson.

Handglass

HAND'GL`ASS, noun In gardening, a glass used for placing over, protecting and forwarding various plants, in winter.

Cyc.

Hand-Grenade

HAND-GRENA'DE, noun A grenade to be thrown by the hand.

Handgun

HAND'GUN, noun A gun to be used by the hand.

Camden.

Handicraft

HAND'ICR`AFT, noun [Sax. handcroeft.] Manual occupation; work performed by the hand.

Addison.

2. A man who obtains his living by manual labor; one skilled in some mechanical art.

Dryden.

Handicraftsman

HAND'ICR`AFTSMAN, noun A man skilled or employed in manual occupation; a manufacturer.

Swift.

Handily

HAND'ILY, adverb [See Handy.] With dexterity or skill; dextrously; adroitly. 2. With ease or convenience.

Handiness

HAND'INESS, noun The ease of performance derived from practice; dexterity; adroitness.

Chesterfield.

Handiwork

HAND'IWORK, noun [for hand-work.] Work of the hands; product of manual labor; manufacture.

Hooker.

2. Work performed by power and wisdom. Ps. xix.

Handkerchief

HAND'KERCHIEF, noun [hand and kerchief. See Kerchief.]

1. A piece of cloth, usually silk or linen, carried about the person for the purpose of cleaning the face or hands, as occasion requires. 2. A piece of cloth to be worn about the neck, and sometimes called a neckerchief.

Handlanguage

HAND'LANGUAGE, noun The art of conversing by the hands. [Not in use.]

Handle

HAND'LE, v. t. [G. handeln, D. handelen, Sw. handla, Dan. handler, to treat, to trade, to negotiate. But in English it has not the latter signification. The word is formed from hand, as manage from L. manus.]

1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand. The bodies we daily handle--hinder the approach of the part of our hands that press them.

Locke. 2. To manage; to use; to wield. That fellow handles a bow like a crow-keeper.

Shak. 3. To make familiar by frequent touching. The breeders in Flanders--handle their colts six months every year.

Temple. 4. To treat; to discourse on; to discuss; to use or manage in writing or speaking. The author handled the subject with address. The speaker handled the arguments to the best advantage. 5. To use; to deal with; to practice. They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 6. To treat; to use well or ill. How wert thou handled?

Shak. 7. To manage; to practice on; to transact with. You shall see how I will handle her.

Shak.

Handle

HAND'LE, noun [Saxon Qu. Latin ansa, Norm. hanser.]

1. That part of a vessel or instrument which is held in the hand when used, as the haft of a sword, the bail of a kettle, &c.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument of effecting a purpose.

South.

Handlead

HAND'LEAD, noun A lead for sounding.

Handled

HAND'LED, participle passive Touched; treated; managed.

Handless

HAND'LESS, adjective Without a hand.

Shak.

Handling

HAND'LING, participle of the present tense Touching; feeling; treating; managing.

Handmaid

HAND'MAID, or HAND'MAIDEN, noun A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

Scripture.

Handmill

HAND'MILL, noun A mill moved by the hand.

Dryden.

Handsails

HAND'SAILS, noun Sails managed by the hand.

Temple.

Handsaw

HAND'SAW, noun A saw to be used with the hand.

Mortimer.

Handscrew

HAND'SCREW, noun An engine for raising heavy timbers or weights; a jack.

Handsel

HAND'SEL, noun [Danish handsel; Saxon handselen, from handsyllan, to deliver into the hand. See Sale and Sell.]

1. The first act of using any thing; the first sale.

Elyot.

2. An earnest; money for the first sale. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Handsel

HAND'SEL, verb transitive To use or do any thing the first time.

Dryden.

Handsome

HAND'SOME, adjective [Dutch handzaam, soft, limber, tractable; hand and zaam, together. Zaam, or saam, we see in assemble. The sense of docility is taken from hand, as in German behandeln, Dutch behandelen, to handle, to manage. The Dutch sense of soft, limber, is probably from the sense of easily managed or handled.]

1. Properly, dextrous; ready; convenient.

For a thief it is so handsome, as it may seem it was first invented for him.

Spenser.

This sense is either from the original meaning of hand, or from the use of the hand, or rather of the right hand. In this sense the word is still used. We say of a well fought combat and victory, it is a handsome affair, an affair well performed, done with dexterity or skill. [See Handy.]

2. Moderately beautiful, as the person or other thing; well made; having symmetry of parts; well formed. It expresses less than beautiful or elegant; as a handsome woman or man; she has a handsome person or face. So we say, a handsome house; a handsome type.

3. Graceful in manner; marked with propriety and ease; as a handsome address.

4. Ample; large; as a handsome fortune.

5. Neat; correct; moderately elegant; as a handsome style or composition.

6. Liberal; generous; as a handsome present.

The applications of this word in popular language are various and somewhat indefinite. In general, when applied to things, it imports that the form is agreeable to the eye, or to just taste; and when applied to manner, it conveys the idea of suitableness or propriety with grace.

Handsome

HAND'SOME, as a verb, to render neat or beautiful, is not an authorized word.

Donne.

Handsomely

HAND'SOMELY, adverb Dextrously; cleverly; with skill.

Spenser.

2. Gracefully; with propriety and ease.

3. Neatly; with due symmetry or proportions; as, a thing is handsomely made or finished.

4. With a degree of beauty; as a room handsomely furnished or ornamented.

5. Amply; generously; liberally. She is handsomely endowed.

Handsomeness

HAND'SOMENESS, noun A moderate degree of beauty or elegance; as the handsomeness of the person or of an edifice.

2. Grace; gracefulness; ease and propriety in manner.

Handspike

HAND'SPIKE, noun A wooden bar, used with the hand as a lever, for various purposes, as in raising weights, heaving about a windlass, &c.

Handstaff

HAND'ST`AFF, noun A javelin; plu. handstaves. Ezekiel 39.

Handvise

HAND'VISE, noun A vise used by hand, or for small work.

Moxon.

Handweapon

HAND'WEAPON, noun Any weapon to be wielded by the hand. Numbers 35.

Handwriting

HAND'WRITING, noun The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person.

Shak.

2. Any writing.

Handy

HAND'Y, adjective [Dutch handig, behendig; Danish hoendig; from hand.]

1. Performed by the hand.

They came to handy blows. Obs.

Knolles.

2. Dextrous; ready; adroit; skilled to use the hands with ease in performance; applied to persons. He is handy with the saw or the plane. Each is handy in his way.

Dryden.

3. Ingenious; performing with skill and readiness.

4. Ready to the hand; near. My books are very handy.

5. Convenient; suited to the use of the hand.

6. Near; that may be used without difficulty or going to a distance. We have a spring or pasture that is handy.

Handyblow

HAND'YBLOW, noun A blow with the hand; an act of hostility.

Harmar.

Handy-Dandy

HAND'Y-DANDY, noun A play in which children change hands and places.

Shak.

Handygripe

HAND'YGRIPE, noun Seizure by the hand.

Hudibras.

Handystroke

HAND'YSTROKE, noun A blow inflicted by the hand.

Beaum.

Hang

HANG, verb transitive pret. and pp. hanged or hung. [Saxon hangan; Swedish h?nga; Danish hoenger; German, Dutch hangen; Welsh hongian, to hang; hong, a hanging or dangling; honc, a shake, a wagging; honcaw, to shake, wag, stagger, to waver. The latter seems to be the primary sense.]

1. To suspend; to fasten to some fixed object above, in such a manner as to swing or move; as, to hang a thief. Pharaoh hanged the chief baker. Hence,

2. To put to death by suspending by the neck.

Many men would rebel, rather than be ruined; but they would rather not rebel than be hanged.

Ames.

3. To place without any solid support or foundation.

He hangeth the earth upon nothing. Job 36.

4. To fix in such a manner as to be movable; as, to hang a door or grate on hooks or by butts.

5. To cover or furnish by any thing suspended or fastened to the walls; as, to hang an apartment with curtains or with pictures.

Hung be the heavens with blackÃ‚--

Shak.

And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils.

Dryden.

To hang out, to suspend in open view; to display; to exhibit to notice; as, to hang out false colors.

2. To hang abroad; to suspend in the open air.

To hang over, to project or cause to project above.

To hang down, to let fall below the proper situation; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, and elliptically, to hang the head.

To hang up, to suspend; to place on something fixed on high.

2. To suspend; to keep or suffer to remain undecided; as, to hang up a question in debate.

Hang

HANG, verb intransitive To be suspended; to be sustained by something above, so as to swing or be movable below.

2. To dangle; to be loose and flowing below.

3. To bend forward or downward; to lean or incline.

Addison.

His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung.

Pope.

4. To float; to play.

And fall those sayings from that gentle tongue,

Where civil speech and soft persuasion hung.

Prior.

5. To be supported by something raised above the ground; as a hanging garden on the top of a house.

Addison.

6. To depend; to rest on something for support. This question hangs on a single point.

7. To rest on by embracing; to cling to; as, to hang on the neck of a person.

Two infants hanging on her neck.

Peacham.

8. To hover; to impend; with over. View the dangers that hang over the country.

9. To be delayed; to linger.

A noble stroke he lifted high,

Which hung not.

Milton.

10. to incline; to have a steep declivity; as hanging grounds.

Mortimer.

11. To be executed by the halter.

Sir Balaam hangs.

Pope.

To hang fire, in the military art, is to be slow in communicating, as fire in the pan of a gun to the charge.

To hang on, to adhere to, often as something troublesome and unwelcome.

A cheerful temper dissipates the apprehensions which hang on the timorous.

Addison.

2. To adhere obstinately; to be importunate.

3. To rest; to reside; to continue.

4. To be dependent on.

How wretched

Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors!

Shak.

5. In seamen's language, to hold fast without belaying; to pull forcibly.

To hang in doubt, to be in suspense, or in a state of uncertainty.

Thy life shall hang in doubt before thee. Deuteronomy 28.

To hang together, to be closely united; to cling.

In the common cause we are all of a piece; we hang together.

Dryden.

2. To be just united, so as barely to hold together.

Shak.

To hang on or upon, to drag; to be incommodiously joined.

Life hangs upon me and becomes a burden.

Addison.

To hang to, to adhere closely; to cling.

Hang

HANG, noun A sharp declivity. [Colloquial.]

Hangby

HANG'BY, noun A dependent, in contempt.

Ray.

Hanged

HANG'ED, participle passive Suspended; put to death by being suspended by the neck.

Hanger

HANG'ER, noun That by which a thing is suspended.

2. A short broad sword, incurvated towards the point.

Smollett.

3. One that hangs, or causes to be hanged.

Aubrey.

Hanger-on

HANG'ER-ON, noun One who besets another importunately in soliciting favors.

2. A dependant; one who eats and drinks without payment.

Swift.

Hanging

HANG'ING, participle of the present tense Suspending to something above.

2. Being suspended; dangling; swinging.

3. adjective Foreboding death by the halter.

What a hanging face!

Dryden.

4. Requiring punishment by the halter; as a hanging matter.

Johnson.

Hanging

HANG'ING, noun Any kind of drapery hung or fastened to the walls of a room, by way of ornament.

No purple hangings clothe the palace walls.

Dryden.

2. Death by the halter; as hard words or hanging.

Pope.

3. Display; exhibition.

Addison.

Hanging-Sleeves

HANG'ING-SLEEVES, noun Strips of the same stuff with the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. Obs.

Halifax.

Hanging-Side

HANG'ING-SIDE, noun In mining, the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein.

Cyc.

Hangman

HANG'MAN, noun One who hangs another; a public executioner; also, a term of reproach.

Hangnest

HANG'NEST, noun The name of certain species of birds, which build nests suspended from the branches of trees, such as the Baltimore oriole or red-bird; also, the nest so suspended.

Hank

HANK, noun [Danish hank, a handle, a hook, a tack, a clasp; Swedish hank, a band.]

1. A skain of thread; as much thread as is tied together; a tie.

2. In ships, a wooden ring fixed to a stay, to confine the stay-sails; used in the place of a grommet.

Mar. Dict.

3. A rope or withy for fastening a gate. [Local.]

Hank

HANK, verb transitive To form into hanks.

Hanker

HANK'ER, verb intransitive [Dutch hunkeren. The corresponding word in Danish is higer, and probably n is casual.]

1. To long for with a keen appetite and uneasiness; in a literal sense; as, to hanker for fruit, or after fruit.

2. To have a vehement desire of something, accompanied with uneasiness; as, to hanker after the diversions of the town.

Addison.

It is usually followed by after. It is a familiar, but not a low word.

Hankering

HANK'ERING, participle of the present tense Longing for with keen appetite or ardent desire.

Hankering

HANK'ERING, noun A keen appetite that causes uneasiness till it is gratified; vehement desire to possess or enjoy.

Hankle

HANK'LE, verb transitive [See Hank] To twist. [Not in use.]

Hant

HA'NT, a contraction of have not, or has not; as, I ha'nt, he ha'nt, we ha'nt.

Hanse Towns. Hanse signifies a society; Gothic hansa, a multitude. The Hanse towns in Germany were certain commercial cities which associated for the protection of commerce as early as the twelfth century. To this confederacy acceded certain commercial cities in Holland, England, France, Spain and Italy, until they amounted to seventy two, and for centuries, this confederacy commanded the respect and defied the power of kings. This confederacy at present consists of the cities of Lubeck, Hamburg and Bremen.

Hanseatic

HANSEAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.

Hap

HAP, noun [Welsh hap, or hab, luck, chance, fortune, that is, that which falls, or a coming suddenly. This seems to be allied to French happer, to snap or catch; Dutch happen; Norm. happer, to seize; Welsh hafiaw, to snatch. In Spanish haber signifies to have, to happen or befall, to take. These verbs seem to unite in one radix, and all coincide with Latin capio. The primary sense is to fall or to rush, hence, to rush on and seize.]

1. That which comes suddenly or unexpectedly; chance; fortune; accident; casual event. [See Chance and Casual.]

Whether art it was or heedless hap.

Spenser.

Curs'd be good haps, and curs'd be they that build

Their hopes on haps.

Sidney.

2. Misfortune. [But this word is obsolete or obsolescent, except in compounds and derivatives.]

Hap

HAP, verb intransitive To happen; to befall; to come by chance. Obs.

Spenser. Bacon.

Hap-Hazard

HAP-HAZ'ARD, noun [This is tautological. See Hazard.] Chance; accident.

We take our principles at hap-hazard on trust.

Locke.

Hapless

HAP'LESS, adjective Luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as hapless youth; hapless maid.

Dryden.

Haply

HAP'LY, adverb By chance; perhaps; it may be.

Lest haply ye be found to fight against God. Acts 5.

2. By accident; casually.

Milton.

Happen

HAP'PEN, v. i. hap'n. [Welsh hapiaw, to happen, to have luck. See Hap. Swedish h?pna, to be surprized or amazed.]

1. To come by chance; to come without one's previous expectation; to fall out.

There shall no evil happen to the just. Proverbs 12.

2. To come; to befall.

They talked together of all those things which had happened. Luke 24.

3. To light; to fall or come unexpectedly.

I have happened on some other accounts relating to mortalities.

Graunt.

Happily

HAP'PILY, adverb [See Happy.] By good fortune; fortunately; luckily; with success.

Preferr'd by conquest, happily o'erthrown.

Waller.

2. In a happy state; in a state of felicity.

He lived happily with his consort.

3. With address or dexterity; gracefully; in a manner to ensure success.

Formed by thy converse, happily to steer

From grave to gay, from lively to severe.

Pope.

4. By chance. [See Haply.]

Happiness

HAP'PINESS, noun [from happy.] The agreeable sensations which spring from the enjoyment of good; that state of a being in which his desires are gratified, by the enjoyment of pleasure without pain; felicity; but happiness usually expresses less than felicity, and felicity less than bliss. Happiness is comparative. To a person distressed with pain, relief from that pain affords happiness; in other cases we give the name happiness to positive pleasure or an excitement of agreeable sensations. Happiness therefore admits of indefinite degrees of increase in enjoyment, or gratification of desires. Perfect happiness, or pleasure unalloyed with pain, is not attainable in this life.

2. Good luck; good fortune.

Johnson.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grac?.

For there's a happiness as well as care.

Pope.

Happy

HAP'PY, adjective [from hap; Welsh hapus, properly lucky, fortunate, receiving good from something that falls or comes to one unexpectedly, or by an event that is not within control. See Hour.]

1. Lucky; fortunate; successful.

Chimists have been more happy in finding experiments, than the causes of them.

Boyle.

So we say, a happy thought; a happy expedient.

2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sensations from the possession of good; enjoying pleasure from the gratification of appetites or desires. The pleasurable sensations derived from the gratification of sensual appetites render a person temporarily happy; but he only can be esteemed really and permanently happy, who enjoys peace of mind in the favor of God. To be in any degree happy, we must be free from pain both of body and of mind; to be very happy, we must be in the enjoyment of lively sensations of pleasure, either of body or mind.

Happy am I, for the daughters will call me blessed. Genesis 30.

He found himself happiest, in communicating happiness to others.

Wirt.

3. Prosperous; having secure possession of good.

Happy is that people whose God is Jehovah. Psalm 144.

4. That supplies pleasure; that furnishes enjoyment; agreeable; applied to things; as a happy condition.

5. Dextrous; ready; able.

One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a rejoinder.

Swift.

6. Blessed; enjoying the presence and favor of God, in a future life.

7. Harmonious; living in concord; enjoying the pleasures of friendship; as a happy family.

8. Propitious; favorable.

Shak.

Harangue

HARANGUE, n. harang'. har'ang. [French harangue; Spanish Portugese arenga; Italian aringa; Armoric harencg; from the root of ring, to to sound, Saxon hringan.]

1. A speech addressed to an assembly or an army; a popular oration; a public address. This word seems to imply loudness or declamation, and is therefore appropriated generally to an address made to a popular assembly or to an army, and not to a sermon, or to an argument at the bar of a court, or to a speech in a deliberative council, unless in contempt.

2. Declamation; a noisy, pompous or irregular address.

Harangue

HARANGUE, v. i. harang'. To make an address or speech to a large assembly; to make a noisy speech.

Harangue

HARANGUE, v. t. harang'. To address by oration; as, the general harangued the troops.

Haranguer

HARANG'UER, n. harang'er. An orator; one who addresses an assembly or army; a noisy declaimer.

Haranguing

HARANG'UING, participle of the present tense Declaiming; addressing with noisy eloquence.

Harass

HAR'ASS, verb transitive [French harasser. Qu. Irish creasam.]

1. To weary; to fatigue to excess; to tire with bodily labor; as, to harass an army by a long march.

Bacon.

2. To weary with importunity, care, or perplexity; to tease; to perplex.

Nature oppress'd and harass'd out with care.

Addison.

3. To waste or desolate. Obs.

Hammond.

Harass

HAR'ASS, noun Waste; disturbance; devastation. [Little used.]

Milton.

Harassed

HAR'ASSED, participle passive Wearied; tired; teased.

Harasser

HAR'ASSER, noun One who harasses or teases; a spoiler.

Harassing

HAR'ASSING, participle of the present tense Tiring; fatiguing; teasing.

Harbinger

H`ARBINGER, noun [See Harbor. Harbinger is properly a person who goes to provide harbor or lodgings for those that follow.]

1. In England, an officer of the king's household who rides a day's journey before the court when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommodations.

Encyc.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; that which precedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of something else.

Harbor

H`ARBOR, noun [Saxon here-berga, the station of an army; Dutch herberg, an inn; Danish Swedish German herberge; French auberge; Spanish Portugese albergue; Italian albergo. The first syllable, in the Teutonic dialects, signifies an army, or a troop, a crowd; the last syllable is berg, burg, a town, or castle, or from bergen, to save. But in the Celtic dialects, the first syllable, al, is probably different from that of the other dialects.]

1. A lodging; a place of entertainment and rest.

For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked.

Dryden.

2. A port or haven for ships; a bay or inlet of the sea, in which ships can moor, and be sheltered from the fury of winds and a heavy sea; any navigable water where ships can ride in safety.

3. An asylum; a shelter; a place of safety from storms or danger.

Harbor

H`ARBOR, verb transitive To shelter; to secure; to secrete; as, to harbor a thief.

2. To entertain; to permit to lodge, rest or reside; as, to harbor malice or revenge. Harbor not a thought of revenge.

Harbor

H`ARBOR, verb intransitive To lodge or abide for a time; to receive entertainment.

This night let's harbor here in York.

Shak.

2. To take shelter.

Harborage

H`ARBORAGE, noun Shelter; entertainment. [Not used.]

Shak.

Harbored

H`ARBORED, participle passive Entertained; sheltered.

Harborer

H`ARBORER, noun One who entertains or shelters another.

Harboring

H`ARBORING, participle of the present tense Entertaining; sheltering.

Harborless

H`ARBORLESS, adjective Without a harbor; destitute of shelter or a lodging.

Harbor-Master

H`ARBOR-M`ASTER, noun An officer who has charge of the mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting harbors.

New York.

Harborough

HAR'BOROUGH, noun A harbor or lodging. [Not in use.]

Harborous

HAR'BOROUS, adjective Hospitable. [Not in use.]

Hard

H`ARD, adjective [Saxon heard; Gothic hardu; Dutch hard; German hart; Danish haard; Swedish hÃƒ-¥rd. The primary sense is, pressed.]

1. Firm; solid; compact; not easily penetrated, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult; not easy to the intellect.

In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter 3.

The hard causes they brought to Moses. Exodus 18.

3. Difficult of accomplishment; not easy to be done or executed. A hard task; a disease hard to cure.

Is any thing too hard for the Lord? Genesis 18.

4. Full of difficulties or obstacles; not easy to be traveled; as a hard way.

Milton.

5. Painful; difficult; distressing.

Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor. Genesis 35.

6. Laborious; fatiguing; attended with difficulty or pain, or both; as hard work or labor; hard duty; hard service.

7. Oppressive; rigorous; severe; cruel; as hard bondage; a hard master. Exodus 1. Isaiah 14.

8. Unfeeling; insensible; not easily moved by pity; not susceptible of kindness, mercy or other tender affections; as a hard heart.

9. Severe; harsh; rough; abusive.

Have you given him any hard words of late?

Shak.

10. Unfavorable; unkind; implying blame of another; as hard thoughts.

11. Severe; rigorous; oppressive. The enemy was compelled to submit to hard terms. So we say, a hard bargain; hard conditions.

12. Unreasonable; unjust. It is hard to punish a man for speculative opinions. It is a hard case.

13. Severe; pinching with cold; rigorous; tempestuous; as a hard winter; hard weather.

14. Powerful; forcible; urging; pressing close on.

The stag was too hard for the horse.

L'Estrange.

The disputant was too hard for his antagonist.

Anon.

15. Austere; rough; acid; sour; as liquors. The cider is hard.

16. Harsh; stiff; forced; constrained; unnatural.

OthersÃ‚--make the figures harder than the marble itself.

Dryden.

His diction is hard, his figures too bold.

Dryden.

17. Not plentiful; not prosperous; pressing; distressing; as hard times, when markets are bad, and money of course scarce.

18. Avaricious; difficult in making bargains; close. Matthew 25.

19. Rough; of coarse features; as a hard face or countenance.

20. Austere; severe; rigorous.

21. Rude; unpolished or unintelligible.

A people of hard language. Ezekiel 3.

22. Coarse; unpalatable or scanty; as hard fare.

Hard

H`ARD, adverb Close; near; as in the phrase, hard by. In this phrase, the word retains its original sense of pressed, or pressing. So in Italian presso, French pres, from Latin pressus.

2. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; laboriously; earnestly; vehemently; importunately; as, to work hard for a living.

And pray'd so hard for mercy from the prince.

Dryden.

3. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

4. Uneasily; vexatiously.

Shak.

5. Closely; so as to raise difficulties.

The question is hard set.

Brown.

6. Fast; nimbly; rapidly; vehemently; as, to run hard, that is, with pressure or urgency.

7. Violently; with great force; tempestuously; as, the wind blows hard, or it blows hard.

8. With violence; with a copious descent of water; as, it rains hard.

9. With force; as, to press hard.

Hard-a-lee, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head to the wind; also, that situation of the helm.

Mar. Dict.

Hard-a-weather, an order to put the helm close to the weather or windward side of the ship; also, that position of the helm.

Hard-a-port, an order to put the helm close to the larboard side of a ship.

Hard-a-starboard, an order to put the helm close to the starboard side of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Hard-Besetting

HARD-BESET'TING, adjective Closely besetting or beseiging.

Milton.

Hardbound

H`ARDBOUND, adjective Costive; fast or tight; as hardbound brains.

Pope.

Hardearned

H`ARDEARNED, adjective Earned with toil and difficulty.

Burke.

Harden

H`ARDEN, v. t. h`ardn. To make hard or more hard; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden iron or steel; to harden clay.

2. To confirm in effrontery; to make impudent; as, to harden the face.

3. To make obstinate, unyielding or refractory; as, to harden the neck. Jeremiah 19.

4. To confirm in wickedness, opposition or enmity; to make obdurate.

Why then do ye harden your hearts, as Pharaoh and the Egyptians hardened their hearts? 1 Samuel 6.

So God is said to harden the heart, when he withdraws the influences of his spirit from men, and leaves them to pursue their own corrupt inclinations.

5. To make insensible or unfeeling; as, to harden one against impressions of pity or tenderness.

6. To make firm; to endure with constancy.

I would harden myself in sorrow. Job 6.

7. To inure; to render firm or less liable to injury, by exposure or use; as, to harden to a climate or to labor.

Harden

H`ARDEN, v. i. h`ardn. To become hard or more hard; to acquire solidity or more compactness. Mortar hardens by drying.

2. To become unfeeling.

3. To become inured.

4. To indurate, as flesh.

Hardened

H`ARDENED, participle passive Made hard, or more hard or compact; made unfeeling; made obstinate; confirmed in error or vice.

Hardener

H`ARDENER, noun He or that which makes hard, or more firm and compact.

Hardening

H`ARDENING, participle of the present tense Making hard or more compact; making obdurate or unfeeling; confirming; becoming more hard.

Hardening

H`ARDENING, noun The giving a greater degree of hardness to bodies than they had before.

Encyc.

Hardfavored

HARDFA'VORED, adjective Having coarse features; harsh of countenance.

Dryden.

Hardfavoredness

HARDFA'VOREDNESS, noun Coarseness of features.

Hardfeatured

H`ARDFEATURED, adjective Having coarse features.

Smollett.

Hardfisted

H`ARDFISTED, adjective Close fisted; covetous.

Hall.

Hardfought

H`ARDFOUGHT, adjective Vigorously contested; as a hard-fought battle.

Hardgotten

H`ARDGOTTEN, adjective Obtained with difficulty.

Hardhanded

H`ARDHANDED, adjective Having hard hands, as a laborer.

Shak.

Hardhead

H`ARDHEAD, noun Clash or collision of heads in contest.

Dryden.

Hardhearted

HARDHE`ARTED, adjective Cruel; pitiless; merciless; unfeeling; inhuman; inexorable.

Shak. Dryden.

Hardheartedness

HARDHE`ARTEDNESS, noun Want of feeling or tenderness; cruelty; inhumanity.

South.

Hardihood

H`ARDIHOOD, noun [See Hardy and Hood.] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; dauntless bravery; intrepidity.

Milton.

It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity.

Buckminster.

Hardihead and hardiment, in the sense of hardihood, are obsolete.

Spenser. Fairfax.

Hardily

H`ARDILY, adverb With great boldness; stoutly.

Scott.

2. With hardship; not tenderly.

Goldsmith.

Hardiness

H`ARDINESS, noun [French hardiesse. See Hardy.]

1. Boldness; firm courage; intrepidity; stoutness; bravery; applied to the mind, it is synonymous with hardihood.

2. Firmness of body derived from laborious exercises.

3. Hardship; fatigue. Obs.

Spenser.

4. Excess of confidence; assurance; effrontery.

Hard-Labored

HARD-LA'BORED, adjective Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied; as a hard-labored poem.

Swift.

Hardly

H`ARDLY, adverb [See Hard.] With difficulty; with great labor.

Recovering hardly what he lost before.

Dryden.

2. Scarcely; barely; almost not.

Hardly shall you find any one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good.

South.

3. Not quite or wholly. The object is so distant we can hardly see it. The veal is hardly done. The writing is hardly completed.

4. Grudgingly, as an injury.

Shak.

5. Severely; unfavorably; as, to think hardly of public measures.

6. Rigorously; oppressively. The prisoners were hardly used or treated.

Addison. Swift.

7. Unwelcomely; harshly.

Such information comes very hardly and harshly to a grown man.

Locke.

8. Coarsely; roughly; not softly.

Heaven was her canopy, bare earth her bed; So hardly lodged.

Dryden.

Hard-Mouthed

H`ARD-MOUTHED, adjective Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as a hardmouthed horse.

Dryden.

Hardness

H`ARDNESS, noun [See Hard.] Firmness; close union of the component parts; compactness; solidity; the quality of bodies which resists impression; opposed to softness and fluidity.

2. Difficulty to be understood.

Shak.

3. Difficulty to be executed or accomplished; as the hardness of an enterprise.

Sidney.

4. Scarcity; penury; difficulty of obtaining money; as the hardness of the times.

Swift.

5. Obduracy; impenitence; confirmed state of wickedness; as hardness of heart.

6. Coarseness of features; harshness of look; as hardness of favor.

Ray.

7. Severity of cold; rigor; as the hardness of winter.

8. Cruelty of temper; savageness; harshness.

The blame

May hang upon your hardness.

Shak.

9. Stiffness; harshness; roughness; as the hardnesses of sculpture.

Dryden.

10. Closeness; niggardliness; stinginess.

Johnson.

11. Hardship; severe labor, trials or sufferings.

Endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. 2 Timothy 2.

Hardnibbed

H`ARDNIBBED, adjective Having a hard nib or point.

Hardock

H`ARDOCK, noun Probably hoardock, dock with whitish leaves.

Shak.

Hards

H`ARDS, noun The refuse or coarse part of flax; tow.

Hardship

H`ARDSHIP, noun Toil; fatigue; severe labor or want; whatever oppresses the body.

2. Injury; oppression; injustice.

Swift.

Hardvisaged

H`ARDVISAGED, adjective Having coarse features; of a harsh countenance.

Burke.

Hardware

H`ARDWARE, noun Wares made of iron or other metal, as pots, kettles, saws, knives, &c.

Hardwareman

H`ARDWAREMAN, noun A maker or seller of hardwares.

Swift.

Hardy

H`ARDY, adjective [French hardi; Norm. hardy; Armoric hardiz, hardih; Italian ardire, to dare, and boldness, assurance. The sense is shooting or advancing forward.]

1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolute; intrepid. Who is hardy enough to encounter contempt?

2. Strong; firm; compact.

An unwholesome blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric.

South.

3. Confident; full of assurance; impudent; stubborn to excess.

4. Inured to fatigue; rendered firm by exercise, as a veteran soldier.

Har

HAR, HARE, HERE, in composition, signify an army, Saxon here, German heer, Dutch heir. So Harold is a general of an army; Herwin, a victorious army. So in Greek, Stratocles, from, and Polemarchus, from.

Hare

HARE, noun [Saxon hara; Danish Swedish hare.] A quadruped of the genus Lepus, with long ears, a short tail, soft hair, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, often hunted for sport or for its flesh, which is excellent food. It moves by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

2. A constellation.

Creech.

Hare

HARE, verb transitive [Norm. harer, harier, to stir up or provoke.]

To fright, or to excite, tease and harass, or worry. [Not used. See Harry.]

Locke.

Harebell

HA'REBELL, noun A plant of the genus Hyacinthus, with campaniform or bell-shaped flowers.

Fam. of Plants.

Harebrained

HA'REBRAINED, adjective [hare and brain.] Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless.

Bacon.

Harefoot

HA'REFOOT, noun A bird; a plant.

Ainsworth.

Harehearted

HA'REHE`ARTED, adjective Timorous; easily frightened.

Ainsworth.

Harehound

HA'REHOUND, noun A hound for hunting hares.

Todd.

Harehunter

HA'REHUNTER, noun One who hunts or is used to hunting hares.

Pope.

Harehunting

HA'REHUNTING, noun The hunting of hares.

Somerville.

Harelip

HA'RELIP, noun A divided upper lip, like that of a hare.

Wiseman.

Harelipped

HA'RELIPPED, adjective Having a harelip.

Haremint

HA'REMINT, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Harepipe

HA'REPIPE, noun A snare for catching hares.

Stat. James I.

Hares-Ear

HA'RE'S-EAR, noun A plant of the genus Bupleurum. The Bastard Hare's Ear is of the genus Phyllis.

Hares-Lettuce

HARE'S-LETTUCE, noun A plant of the genus Sonchus.

Harewort

HA'REWORT, noun A plant.

Harem

HAR'EM, noun [Arabic harama, to prohibit, drive off, or deny access.]

A seraglio; a place where Eastern princes confine their women, who are prohibited from the society of others.

Harengiform

HAREN'GIFORM, adjective [See Herring.] Shaped like a herring.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Haricot

HAR'ICOT, noun [French from Greek.] A kind of ragout of meat and roots.

Chesterfield.

2. In French, beans.

Harier

HAR'IER, or HAR'RIER, noun [from hare.] A dog for hunting hares; a kind of hound with an acute sense of smelling.

Encyc.

Hariolation

HARIOLA'TION, noun [Latin hariolatio.] Sooth-saying. [Not in use.]

Hark

H`ARK, verb intransitive [contracted from hearken, which see.] To listen; to lend the ear.

Shak. Hudibras.

This word is rarely or never used, except in the imperative mode, hark, that is, listen, hear.

Harl

H`ARL, or HERL, noun The skin of flax; the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A filamentous substance.

Mortimer.

[In New England, I have heard this word pronounced herl.]

Harlequin

H`ARLEQUIN, noun [French harlequin, a buffoon; Italian arlecchino; Spanish arlequin; Armoric harliqin, furluqin, a juggler. I know not the origin of this word. It has been suggested that the last component part of the word is from the Gothie, Swedish leka, to play, and a story is told about a comedian who frequented the house of M. de Harley, but I place no reliance on these suggestions.]

A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a merry-andrew, to divert the populace. This character was first introduced into Italian comedy, but is now a standing character in English pantomime entertainments.

Encyc.

Harlequin

H`ARLEQUIN, verb intransitive To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

Harlock

H`ARLOCK, noun A plant.

Drayton.

Harlot

H`ARLOT, noun [Welsh herlawd, a stripling; herlodes, a hoiden; a word composed of her, a push, or challenge, and llawd, a lad. This word was formerly applied to males as well as females.

A sturdie harlotÃ‚--that was her hostes man.

He was a gentil harlot and a kind.

Ibm.

The word originally signified a bold stripling, or a hoiden. But the Welsh llawd signifies not only a lad, that is, a shoot, or growing youth, but as an adjective, tending forward, craving, lewd. See Lewd.]

1. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman.

Dryden.

2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and worships idols. Isaiah 1.

3. A servant; a rogue; a cheat. Obs.

Chaucer. Fox.

Harlot

H`ARLOT, adjective Wanton; lewd; low; base.

Shak.

Harlot

H`ARLOT, verb intransitive To practice lewdness.

Milton.

Harlotry

H`ARLOTRY, noun The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness.

Dryden.

Harm

H`ARM, noun [Saxon hearm or harm. In German the word signifies grief, sorrow.]

3. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment.

Do thyself no harm. Acts 16.

He shall make amends for the harm he hath done in the holy thing. Leviticus 5.

2. Moral wrong; evil; mischief; wickedness; a popular sense of the word.

Harm

H`ARM, verb transitive To hurt; to injure; to damage; to impair soundness of body, either animal or vegetable.

Waller. Ray.

Harmattan

HARMAT'TAN, noun A dry easterly wind in Africa, which destroys vegetation.

Norris.

Harmed

H`ARMED, participle passive Injured; hurt; damaged.

Harmel

H`ARMEL, noun The wild African rue.

Harmful

H`ARMFUL, adjective Hurtful; injurious; noxious; detrimental; mischievous.

The earth brought forth fruit and food for man, without any mixture of harmful quality.

Raleigh.

Harmfully

H`ARMFULLY, adverb Hurtfully; injuriously; with damage.

Ascham.

Harmfulness

H`ARMFULNESS, noun Hurtfulness; noxiousness.

Harming

H`ARMING, participle of the present tense Hurting; injuring.

Harmless

H`ARMLESS, adjective Not hurtful or injurious; innoxious. Ceremonies are harmless in themselves.

Hooker.

2. Unhurt; undamaged; uninjured; as, to give bond to save another harmless.

3. Innocent; not guilty.

Who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners. Hebrews 7.

Harmlessly

H`ARMLESSLY, adverb Innocently; without fault or crime; as, to pass the time harmlessly in recreations.

2. Without hurt or damage.

Bullets fall harmlessly into wood or fethers.

Decay of Piety.

Harmlessness

H`ARMLESSNESS, noun The quality of being innoxious; freedom from a tendency to injure.

2. Innocence.

Harmonic

HARMON'IC, or HARMON'ICAL, adjective [See Harmony.] Relating to harmony or music; as harmonical use.

Bacon.

2. Concordant; musical; consonant; as harmonic sounds.

Harmonic twang of leather, horn and brass.

Pope.

The basis of an harmonic system.

Encyc.

The harmonic elements are the three smallest concords.

Edin. Encyc.

3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds which accompany the predominant and apparently simple tone of any chord or string.

Harmonical mean, in arithmetic and algebra, a term used to express certain relations of numbers and quantities, which are supposed to bear an analogy to musical consonances.

Harmonical proportion, in arithmetic and algebra, is said to obtain between three quantities, or four quantities, in certain cases.

Harmonical series, a series of many numbers in continued harmonical proportion.

Cyc.

Harmonica

HARMON'ICA, noun A collection of musical glasses of a particular form, so arranged as to produce exquisite music.

Encyc.

Harmonics

HARMON'ICS, noun Harmonious sounds: consonances.

2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

Smith.

3. Derivative sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and produced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when its whole length vibrates. These shorter vibrations produce more acute sounds, and are called acute harmonics.

4. Grave harmonics are low sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of two sounds.

Edin. Encyc.

Harmonious

HARMO'NIOUS, adjective Adapted to each other; having the parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical.

God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us.

Locke.

2. Concordant; consonant; symphonious; musical. Harmonious sounds are such as accord, and are agreeable to the ear.

3. Agreeing; living in peace and friendship; as a harmonious family or society.

Harmoniously

HARMO'NIOUSLY, adverb With just adaptation and proportion of parts to each other.

Distances, motions, and quantities of matter harmoniously adjusted in this great variety of our system.

Bentley.

2. With accordance of sounds; musically; in concord.

3. In agreement; in peace and friendship.

Harmoniousness

HARMO'NIOUSNESS, noun Proportion and adaptation of parts; musicalness.

2. Agreement; concord.

Harmonist

H`ARMONIST, noun A musician; a composer of music.

2. One who brings together corresponding passages, to show their agreement.

Harmonize

H`ARMONIZE, verb intransitive To be in concord; to agree in sounds.

2. To agree; to be in peace and friendship; as individuals or families.

3. To agree in sense or purport; as, the arguments harmonize; the facts stated by different witnesses harmonize.

Harmonize

H`ARMONIZE, verb transitive To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree.

2. To make musical; to combine according to the laws of counterpoint.

Harmonized

H`ARMONIZED, participle passive Made to be accordant.

Harmonizer

H`ARMONIZER, noun One that brings together or reconciles.

2. In music, a practical harmonist.

Harmonizing

H`ARMONIZING, participle of the present tense Causing to agree.

Harmonometer

HARMONOM'ETER, noun [Greek and.]

An instrument or monochord for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds.

Harmony

H`ARMONY, noun [Latin harmonia; Greek, a setting together, a closure or seam, agreement, concert, from, to fit or adapt, to square; Spanish armonia; Italian id.; French harmonie. If the Greek is a contracted word, for, which is probable, it may be the French carrer, equarrir.]

1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or composition of things, intended to form a connected whole; as the harmony of the universe.

Equality and correspondence are the causes of harmony.

Bacon.

All discord, harmony not understood.

Pope.

2. Just proportion of sound; consonance; musical concord; the accordance of two or more intervals or sounds, or that union of different sounds which pleases the ear; or a succession of such sounds, called chords.

Ten thousand harps that tuned

Angelic harmonies.

Milton.

3. Concord; agreement; accordance in facts; as the harmony of the gospels.

4. Concord or agreement in views, sentiments or manners, interests, &c.; good correspondence; peace and friendship. The citizens live in harmony.

5. Natural harmony, in music, consists of the harmonic triad or common chord. Artificial harmony, is a mixture of concords and discords. Figured harmony, is when one or more of the parts move, during the continuance of a chord, through certain notes which do not form any of the constituent parts of that chord.

Busby.

6. Perfect harmony implies the use of untempered concords only. Tempered harmony is when the notes are varied by temperament. [See Temperament.]

Encyc.

Harmost

H`ARMOST, noun [Greek, from, to regulate.]

In ancient Greece, a Spartan governor, regulator or prefect.

Mitford.

Harmotome

H`ARMOTOME, noun [Greek, a joint, and, to cut.]

In mineralogy, cross-stone, or staurolite, called also pyramidical zeolite. [See Cross-stone.]

Harness

H`ARNESS, noun [Welsh harnaes, from harn, that is, closely fitted; French harnois; Armoric harnes; Italian arnese; Spanish arnes; Portugese arnez; Dutch harnas; German harnisch; Swedish harnesk; Danish harnisk. The primary sense is, to fit, prepare or put on; and in different languages, it signifies not only harness, but furniture and utensils.]

1. Armor; the whole accouterments or equipments of a knight or horseman; originally perhaps defensive armor, but in a more modern and enlarged sense, the furniture of a military man, defensive or offensive, as a casque, cuirass, helmet, girdle, sword, buckler, &c.

2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &c.; called in some of the American states, tackle or tackling, with which, in its primary sense, it is synonymous.

Dryden.

Harness

H`ARNESS, verb transitive To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman.

Harnessed in rugged steel.

Rowe.

2. To put on the furniture of a horse for draught.

Harness the horses. Jeremiah 46.

3. To defend; to equip or furnish for defense. 1 Macc. iv.

Harnessed

H`ARNESSED, participle passive Equipped with armor; furnished with the dress for draught; defended.

Harnesser

H`ARNESSER, noun One who puts on the harness of a horse.

Sherwood.

Harnessing

H`ARNESSING, participle of the present tense Putting on armor or furniture for draught.

Harp

H`ARP, noun [Saxon hearpa; German harfe; Dutch harp; Swedish harpa; Danish harpe; French harpe; Italian Spanish Portugese arpa.]

1. An instrument of music of the stringed kind, of a triangular figure, held upright and commonly touched with the fingers.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. A constellation.

Creech.

Harp

H`ARP, verb intransitive To play on the harp.

I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Revelation 14.

2. To dwell on, in speaking or writing; to continue sounding.

He seems

Proud and disdainful, harping on what I amÃ‚--Not what he knew I was.

Shak.

3. To touch as a passion; to affect.

Shak.

Harper

H`ARPER, noun A player on the harp.

Harping

H`ARPING, participle of the present tense Playing on a harp; dwelling on continually.

Harping

H`ARPING, noun A continual dwelling on.

Making infinite merriment by harpings upon old themes.

Irving.

Harping

H`ARPING, noun plu. harpings. In ships, harpings are the fore-parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of the ship, and are fastened to the stem. Their use is to strengthen the ship, in the place where she sustains the greatest shock in plunging into the sea.

Encyc.

Cat-harpings, are ropes which serve to brace in the shrouds of the lower masts, behind their respective yards.

Mar. Dict.

Harping-Iron

H`ARPING-IRON, noun A harpoon, which see.

Harpist

H`ARPIST, noun A harper.

Brown.

Harpoon

HARPOON', noun [French harpon; Spanish arpon; Portugese arpam, arpeo; Italian arpione; German harpune; Dutch harpoen; from French harper, to grapple; Spanish arpar, to claw; Greek, from, to seize with the claws; probably Latin rapio, by transposition of letters. Class Rb.]

A harping-iron; a spear or javelin, used to strike whales for killing them. It consists of a long shank, with a broad flat triangular head, sharpened at both edges for penetrating the whale with facility. It is generally thrown by hand.

Harpoon

HARPOON', verb transitive To strike, catch or kill with a harpoon.

The beluga is usually caught in nets, but is sometimes harpooned.

Pennant.

Harpooned

HARPOON'ED, participle passive Struck, caught or killed with a harpoon.

Harpooner

HARPOON'ER, noun One who uses a harpoon; the man in a whale-boat who throws the harpoon.

Harpooning

HARPOON'ING, participle of the present tense Striking with a harpoon.

Harpsichord

H`ARPSICHORD, noun [harp and chord.] An instrument of music with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys. The striking of these keys moves certain little jacks, which move a double row of chords or strings, stretched over four bridges on the table of the instrument.

Encyc.

Harpy

H`ARPY, noun [French harpie; Italian Spanish Portugese arpia; Latin harpyia; Greek, from the root of, to seize or claw.]

1. In antiquity, the harpies were fabulous winged monsters, having the face of a woman and the body of a vultur, with their feet and fingers armed with sharp claws. They were three in number, Aello, Ocypete, and Celeno. They were sent by Juno to plunder the table of Phineus. They are represented as rapacious and filthy animals.

Lempriere.

2. Any rapacious or ravenous animal; an extortioner; a plunderer.

Harquebuse

HARQUEBUSE. [See Arquebuse.]

Harrateen

HARRATEE'N, noun A kind of stuff or cloth.

Shenstone.

Harridan

HAR'RIDAN, noun [French haridelle, a jade, or worn-out horse. See Hare, the verb.] A decayed strumpet.

Swift.

Harrier

HAR'RIER, noun A hunting hound with a nice sense of smelling.

Harrow

HAR'ROW, noun [Swedish harf, Danish harve, a harrow. Dutch hark, German harke, a rake, is probably the same word, allied to Swedish h?rja, Danish herger, Saxon hergian, to ravage or lay waste.]

An instrument of agriculture, formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, and set with iron teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, and to cover seed when sown.

Harrow

HAR'ROW, verb transitive [Swedish harfva; Danish harver.] To draw a harrow over, for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed sown; as, to harrow land or ground.

2. To break or tear with a harrow.

Will he harrow the valleys after thee? Job 39.

3. To tear; to lacerate; to torment.

I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word

Would harrow up thy soulÃ‚--

Shak.

4. To pillage; to strip; to lay waste by violence. [Not used.]

5. To disturb; to agitate. Obs.

Shak.

Harrowed

HAR'ROWED, participle passive Broken or smoothed by a harrow.

Harrower

HAR'ROWER, noun One who harrows.

2. A hawk.

Harrowing

HAR'ROWING, participle of the present tense Breaking or leveling with a harrow.

Harry

HAR'RY, verb transitive [Saxon hergian, to strip; hyrwian, to upbraid; or Welsh herwa, to rove for plunder, to scout; her, a push.]

1. To strip; to pillage. [See Harrow.]

2. To harass; to agitate; to tease.

Shak.

Harry

HAR'RY, verb intransitive To make harassing incursions. Obs.

Beaum.

Harsh

H`ARSH, adjective [German harsch; Scot. harsk. In Danish harsk, Swedish h?rsk, is rank, rancid.]

1. Rough to the touch; rugged; grating; as harsh sand; harsh cloth; opposed to smooth.

Boyle.

2. Sour; rough to the taste; as harsh fruit.

3. Rough to the ear; grating; discordant; jarring; as a harsh sound; harsh notes; a harsh voice.

Dryden.

4. Austere; crabbed; morose; peevish. Civilization softens the harsh temper or nature of man.

5. Rough; rude; abusive; as harsh words; a harsh reflection.

6. Rigorous; severe.

Though harsh the precept, yet the preacher charm'd.

Dryden.

Harshly

H`ARSHLY, adverb Roughly; in a harsh manner.

2. Sourly; austerely.

3. Severely; morosely; crabbedly; as, to speak or answer harshly.

4. Roughly; rudely; with violence; as, to treat a person harshly.

Addison.

5. Roughly; with a grating sound; unpleasantly.

It would sound harshly in her ears.

Shak.

Harshness

H`ARSHNESS, noun Roughness to the touch; opposed to softness and smoothness.

2. Sourness; austereness; as the harshness of fruit.

3. Roughness to the ear; as the harshness of sound or of a voice, or of verse.

'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense,

The sound must seem an echo to the sense.

Pope.

4. Roughness of temper; moroseness; crabbedness; peevishness.

Shak.

5. Roughness in manner or words; severity; as the harshness of reproof.

Harslet

H`ARSLET, or HAS'LET, noun [Icelandic hasla. Qu.] The heart, liver, lights, &c. of a hog.

Hart

H`ART, noun [Saxon heort; Danish and Swedish hiort; German hirsch; Dutch hert.]

A stag or male deer, an animal of the cervine genus.

Hartbeest

H`ARTBEEST, noun The quanga, or cervine antelope of Africa.

Encyc.

Hartroyal

H`ARTROY'AL, noun A plant.

Hartshorn

H`ARTSHORN, noun The horn of the hart or male deer. The scrapings or raspings of this horn are medicinal, and used in decoctions, ptisans, &c. Hartshorn jelly is nutritive and strengthening. Hartshorn calcined by a strong and long continued heat, is changed into a white earth, which is employed in medicine as an absorbent. The salt of hartshorn is a powerful sudorific, and hartshorn yields also a pungent volatile spirit.

Encyc.

The jelly of hartshorn is simply gelatine; the earth remaining after calcination, is phosphate of lime; the salt and spirit of hartshorn are muriate of ammonia, with a little animal oil.

Parr.

Hartshorn plantain, a species of Plantago.

Hartstongue

H`ARTSTONGUE, noun [See Tongue.] A plant, a species of Asplenium.

Hartwort

H`ARTWORT, noun The name of certain plants of the genera, Seseli, Tordylium, and Bupleurum.

Haruspice

HAR'USPICE, noun [Latin haruspex, from specio, to view.]

In Roman history, a person who pretended to foretell future events by inspecting the entrails of beasts sacrificed, or watching the circumstances attending their slaughter, or their manner of burning and the ascent of the smoke.

Encyc. Adam.

Haruspicy

HAR'USPICY, noun Divination by the inspection of victims.

Harvest

H`ARVEST, noun [Saxon hoerfest, harfest, harvest, autumn; German herbst; Dutch herfst. This word signifies autumn, and primarily had no reference to the collection of the fruits of the earth; but in German, herbstzeit is harvest-time. It seems to be formed from the German herbe, harsh, keen, tart, acerb, Latin acerbus, and primarily it refers to the cold, chilly weather in autumn in the north of Europe. This being the time when crops are collected in northern climates, the word came to signify harvest.]

1. The season of reaping and gathering in corn or other crops. It especially refers to the time of collecting corn or grain, which is the chief food of men, as wheat and rye. In Egypt and Syria, the wheat harvest is in April and May; in the south of Europe and of the United States, in June; in the Northern states of America, in July; and in the north of Europe, in August and September. In the United States, the harvest of maiz is mostly in October.

2. The ripe corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks. The harvest this year is abundant.

3. The product of labor; fruit or fruits.

Let us the harvest of our labor eat.

Dryden.

4. Fruit or fruits; effects; consequences. He that sows iniquity will reap a harvest of woe.

5. In Scripture, harvest signifies figuratively the proper season for business.

He that sleepeth in harvest, is a son that causeth shame. Proverbs 10.

Also, a people whose sins have ripened them for judgment. Joel 3.

Also, the end of the world. Matthew 13.

Also, a seasonable time for instructing men in the gospel. Matthew 9.

Harvest

H`ARVEST, verb transitive To reap or gather ripe corn and other fruits for the use of man and beast.

Harvested

H`ARVESTED, participle passive Reaped and collected, as ripe corn and fruits.

Harvester

H`ARVESTER, noun A reaper; a laborer in gathering grain.

Harvest-Fly

H`ARVEST-FLY, noun A large four-winged insect of the cicada kind, common in Italy.

Encyc.

Harvest-Home

H`ARVEST-HOME, noun The time of harvest.

Dryden.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the gathering of corn, or the feast itself.

Dryden.

3. The opportunity of gathering treasure.

Shak.

Harvesting

H`ARVESTING, participle of the present tense Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn and other fruits.

Harvest-Lord

H`ARVEST-LORD, noun The head-reaper at the harvest.

Tusser.

Harvest-Man

H`ARVEST-MAN, noun A laborer in harvest.

Harvest-Queen

H`ARVEST-QUEEN, noun An image representing Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest.

Hash

HASH, verb transitive [French hacher; Armoric haicha; to hack. See Hack.]

To chop into small pieces; to mince and mix; as, to hash meat.

Garth.

Hash

HASH, noun Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables chopped into small pieces and mixed.

Hask

HASK, noun A case made of rushes or flags. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Haslet

HAS'LET, noun [See Harslet.]

Hasp

H`ASP, noun [Saxon hoeps; German haspe, a hinge; Danish hasp; Swedish haspe. We probably have the word from the Danes.]

1. A clasp that passes over a staple to be fastened by a padlock.

Mortimer.

2. A spindle to wind thread or silk on. [Local.]

Hasp

H`ASP, verb transitive To shut or fasten with a hasp.

Garth.

Hassoc

HAS'SOC, noun [Welsh hesor. Qu. from hÃƒ-ªsg, sedge, rushes. It signifies in Scottish, a besom, any thing bushy, and a turf of peat moss used as a seat. The sense is therefore the same as that of mat, a collection or mass.]

A thick mat or bass on which persons kneel in church.

Addison.

And knees and hassocs are well nigh divorc'd.

Cowper.

Hast

HAST, the second person singular of have, I have, thou hast, contracted from havest. It is used only in the solemn style.

Hastate

HAS'TATE, or HAS'TATED, adjective [Latin hastatus, from hasta, a spear.] In botany, spear-shaped; resembling the head of a halberd; triangular, hollowed at the base and on the sides, with the angles spreading; as a hastate leaf.

Martyn. Lee.

Haste

HASTE, noun [German Swedish Danish hast; Dutch haast; French hÃƒ-¢te, for haste; Armoric hast; from hurrying, pressing, driving. See Heat.]

1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals; never to other bodies. We never say, a ball flies with haste.

The king's business required haste. 1 Samuel 21.

2. Sudden excitement of passion; quickness; precipitance; vehemence.

I said in my haste, all men are liars. Psalm 116.

3. The state of being urged or pressed by business; as, I am in great haste.

Haste

HASTE, or HASTEN, v. t. hast, hasn. [German hasten; Dutch haasten; Swedish hasta; Danish haster; French hÃƒ-¢ter.]

To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate movement.

I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Psalm 55.

Haste

HASTE, or HASTEN, verb intransitive To move with celerity; to be rapid in motion; to be speedy or quick.

They were troubled and hasted away. Psalm 48.

Hasted

HASTED, or HASTENED, participle passive Moved rapidly; accelerated; urged with speed.

Hastener

HASTENER, noun One that hastens or urges forward.

Hasting

HASTING, or HASTENING, participle of the present tense Urging forward; pushing on; proceeding rapidly.

That state is hastening to ruin, in which no difference is made between good and bad men.

Antisthenes. Enfield.

Hastily

HASTILY, adverb [See Hasty.] In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.

Half clothed, half naked, hastily retire.

Dryden.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without due reflection.

We hastily engaged in the war.

Swift.

3. Passionately; under sudden excitement of passion.

Hastiness

HASTINESS, noun Haste; speed; quickness or celerity in motion or action, as of animals.

2. Rashness; heedless eagerness; precipitation. Our hastiness to engage in the war caused deep regret.

3. Irritability; susceptibility of anger, warmth or temper.

Hasting-Pear

HASTING-PEAR, noun An early pear, called also green chissel.

Encyc.

Hastings

HASTINGS, noun [from hasty.] Peas that come early.

Mortimer.

Hastive

HASTIVE, adjective [French hÃƒ-¢tif, from haste.] Forward; early; as fruit. [Not much used.]

Encyc.

Hasty

HASTY, adjective Quick; speedy; opposed to slow.

Be not hasty to go out of his sight. Ecclesiastes 8.

2. Eager; precipitate; rash; opposed to deliberate.

Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words? there is more hope of a fool than of him. Proverbs 29.

3. Irritable; easily excited to wrath; passionate.

He that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. Proverbs 14.

4. Early ripe; forward; as hasty fruit. Isaiah 28.

Hastypudding

HASTYPUDDING, noun A pudding made of the meal of maiz moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and flour boiled.

Hat

HAT, noun [Saxon hoet; German hut; Dutch hoed; Danish hat; Swedish hatt; Welsh hÃƒ-ªd or het. The word signifies a cover, and in German, fingerhut is a thimble. The primary sense is probably to ward off, or defend.]

1. A covering for the head; a garment made of different materials, and worn by men or women for defending the head from rain or heat, or for ornament. Hats for men are usually made of fur or wool, and formed with a crown and brim. Hats for females are made of straw or grass braid, and various other materials. Of these the ever varying forms admit of no description that can long be correct.

2. The dignity of a cardinal.

Hat-Band

HAT'-BAND, noun A band round the crown of a hat.

Hat-Box

HAT'-BOX, or HAT'-CASE, noun A box for a hat. But a case for a lady's hat is called a band-box.

Hatable

HA'TABLE, adjective [from hate.] That may be hated; odious.

Sherwood.

Hatch

HATCH, verb transitive [German hecken, aushecken, Danish hÃƒ-©kker, to hatch. This word seems to be connected with German heck, Danish hekke, Swedish h?ck, a hedge, Danish hek, a fence of pales; and the hatches of a ship are doubtless of the same family. The sense probably is, to thrust out, to drive off, whence in Swedish h?gn, a hedge, is also protection; h?gna, to hedge, to guard. To hatch is to exclude.]

1. To produce young from eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat. In Egypt, chickens are hatched by artificial heat.

The partridge sitteth on eggs and hatcheth them not. Jeremiah 17.

2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce in silence; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy.

Hooker.

Hatch

HATCH, verb transitive [French hacher, to hack.] To shade by lines in drawing and engraving.

Those hatching strokes of the pencil.

Dryden.

2. To steep. Obs.

Beaum.

Hatch

HATCH, verb intransitive To produce young; to bring the young to maturity. Eggs will not hatch without a due degree and continuance of heat.

Hatch

HATCH, noun A brood; as many chickens as are produced at once, or by one incubation.

2. The act of exclusion from the egg.

3. Disclosure; discovery.

Shak.

Hatch

HATCH, or HATCHES, noun [Saxon hoeca; Dutch hek, a railing, gate, &c. See Hedge and Hatch, supra.]

1. Properly, the grate or frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's deck, now called hatch-bars. The lid or cover of a hatchway is also called hatches.

2. The opening in a ship's deck, or the passage from one deck to another, the name of the grate itself being used for the opening; but this is more properly called the hatchway.

Mar. Dict.

3. A half-door, or door with an opening over it. Qu.

Johnson. Shak.

4. Floodgates.

Encyc. Ainsworth.

5. In Cornwall, openings into mines, or in search of them.

Encyc.

5. To be under the hatches, to be confined, or to be in distress, depression or slavery.

Locke.

Hatchel

HATCH'EL, noun [German hechel, Dutch hekel, Danish hegle, Swedish h?ckla, whence the common pronunciation in America, hetchel. In Slav. hakel is a rake.]

An instrument formed with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp from the tow, hards or coarse part. The hatchel is a large species of comb.

Hatchel

HATCH'EL, verb transitive To draw flax or hemp through the teeth of a hatchel, for separating the coarse part and broken pieces of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts.

2. To tease or vex, by sarcasms or reproaches; a vulgar use of the word.

Hatcheled

HATCH'ELED, participle passive Cleansed by a hatchel; combed.

Hatcheler

HATCH'ELER, noun One who uses a hatchel.

Hatcheling

HATCH'ELING, participle of the present tense Drawing through the teeth of a hatchel.

Hatchet

HATCH'ET, noun [German hacke; Danish hakke; French hache; from hack, which see.]

A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.

To take up the hatchet, a phrase borrowed from the natives of America, is to make war.

To bury the hatchet, is to make peace.

Hatchet-Face

HATCH'ET-FACE, noun A prominent face, like the edge of a hatchet.

Dryden.

Hatchetine

HATCH'ETINE, noun A substance of the hardness of soft tallow, of a yellowish white or greenish yellow color, found in South Wales.

Cleaveland.

Hatchment

HATCH'MENT, noun [corrupted from achievment.]

An armorial escutcheon on a herse at funerals, or in a church.

Shak.

Hatchway

HATCH'WAY, noun In ships, a square or oblong opening in the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or into the hold or lower apartments.

Mar. Dict.

Hate

HATE, verb transitive [Saxon hatian, to hate, and to heat; Gothic hatyan; German hassen; Dutch haaten; Swedish hata; Danish hader; Latin odi, for hodi. In all the languages except the Saxon, hate and heat are distinguished in orthography; but the elements of the word are the same, and probably they are radically one word denoting to stir, to irritate, to rouse.]

1. To dislike greatly; to have a great aversion to. It expresses less than abhor, detest, and abominate, unless pronounced with a peculiar emphasis.

How long will fools hate knowledge? Proverbs 1.

Blessed are ye when men shall hate you. Luke 6.

The Roman tyrant was contented to be hated, if he was but feared.

Rambler.

2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less.

If any man come to me, and hate not father and mother, &c. Luke 14.

He that spareth the rod, hateth his son. Proverbs 13.

Hate

HATE, noun Great dislike or aversion; hatred.

Dryden.

Hated

HA'TED, participle passive Greatly disliked.

Hateful

HA'TEFUL, adjective Odious; exciting great dislike, aversion or disgust. All sin is hateful in the sight of God and of good men.

2. That feels hatred; malignant; malevolent.

And, worse than death, to view with hateful eyes

His rival's conquest.

Dryden.

Hatefully

HA'TEFULLY, adverb Odiously; with great dislike.

2. Malignantly; maliciously. Ezekiel 23.

Hatefulness

HA'TEFULNESS, noun Odiousness; the quality of being hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust.

Hater

HA'TER, noun One that hates.

An enemy to God, and a hater of all good.

Brown.

Hating

HA'TING, participle of the present tense Disliking extremely; entertaining a great aversion for.

Hatred

HA'TRED, noun Great dislike or aversion; hate; enmity. Hatred is an aversion to evil, and may spring from utter disapprobation, as the hatred of vice or meanness; or it may spring from offenses or injuries done by fellow men, or from envy or jealousy, in which case it is usually accompanied with malevolence or malignity. Extreme hatred is abhorrence or detestation.

Hatted

HAT'TED, adjective [from hat.] Covered with a hat; wearing a hat.

Hatter

HAT'TER, verb transitive To harass. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Hatter

HAT'TER, noun [from hat.] A maker of hats.

Hattock

HAT'TOCK, noun [Erse, attock.] A shock of corn. [Not in use.]

Hauberk

HAU'BERK, noun A coat of mail without sleeves. Obs. [See Habergeon.]

Haught

HAUGHT, a. haut. [Qu. French haut, or the root of the English high. If it is from the French haut, the orthography is corrupt, for haut is from the Latin altus, that is, haltus, changed to haut.]

High; elevated; hence, proud; insolent. Obs.

Spenser. Shak.

Haughtily

HAUGHTILY, adv. hau'tily. [See Haught and Haughty.]

Proudly; arrogantly; with contempt or disdain; as, to speak or behave haughtily.

Her heavenly form too haughtily she prized.

Dryden.

Haughtiness

HAUGHTINESS, n. hau'tiness. The quality of being haughty; pride mingled with some degree of contempt for others; arrogance.

I will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. Isaiah 13.

Haughty

HAUGHTY, a. hau'ty. [from haught, French haut.]

1. Proud and disdainful; having a high opinion of one's self, with some contempt for others; lofty and arrogant; supercilious.

His wife was a woman of a haughty and imperious nature.

Clarendon.

A haughty spirit goeth before a fall. Proverbs 16.

2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride mingled with contempt; manifesting pride and disdain; as a haughty air or walk.

3. Proud and imperious; as a haughty nation.

4. Lofty; bold; of high hazard; as a haughty enterprise. Obs.

Spenser.

Haul

HAUL, verb transitive [French haler; Armoric hala; Spanish halar; Dutch haalen. It is sometimes written hale, but haul is preferable, as au represents the broad sound of a.]

1. To pull or draw with force; to drag; as, to haul a heavy body along on the ground; to haul a boat on shore. Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes from pull and draw, in expressing more force and labor. It is much used by seamen; as, to haul down the sails; haul in the boom; haul aft, &c.

2. To drag; to compel to go.

Lest he haul thee to the judge. Luke 12.

When applied to persons, haul implies compulsion or rudeness, or both.

To haul the wind, in seamanship, is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows, by arranging the sails more obliquely, bracing the yards more forward, hauling the sheets more aft, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Haul

HAUL, noun A pulling with force; a violent pull.

Thomson.

2. A draft of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul.

Hauled

HAUL'ED, participle passive Pulled with force; dragged; compelled to move.

Hauling

HAUL'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing by force or violence; dragging.

Haulm

HAULM, or HAUM, noun [Saxon healm; German, Dutch Swedish Danish halm; French chaume; Latin culmus, the stalk of corn. The sense is probably that which is set, or a shoot. It seems to be the Welsh colov, a stem or stalk, whence columna, a column.]

1. The stem or stalk of grain, of all kinds, or of pease, beans, hops, &c.

2. Straw; the dry stalks of corn, &c. in general.

Haunch

H`AUNCH, noun [French hanche; Armoric hoinch; Spanish Italian Portugese anca.]

1. The hip; that part of the body of man and of quadrupeds, which lies between the last ribs and the thigh.

Encyc.

2. The rear; the hind part. [Not used.]

Shak.

Haunt

H`AUNT, verb transitive [French hanter; Armoric hantein or henti.]

1. To frequent; to resort to much or often, or to be much about; to visit customarily.

Celestial Venus haunts Idalia's groves.

Pope.

2. To come to frequently; to intrude on; to trouble with frequent visits; to follow importunately.

You wrong me, Sir, thus still to haunt my house.

Shak.

Those cares that haunt the court and town.

Swift.

3. It is particularly applied to specters or apparitions, which are represented by fear and credulity as frequenting or inhabiting old, decayed and deserted houses.

Foul spirits haunt my resting place.

Fairfax.

Haunt

H`AUNT, verb intransitive To be much about; to visit or be present often.

I've charged thee not to haunt about my door.

Shak.

Haunt

H`AUNT, noun A place to which one frequently resorts. Taverns are often the haunts of tipplers. A den is the haunt of wild beasts.

2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place. [Not used.]

Arbuthnot.

3. Custom; practice. Obs.

Chaucer.

Haunted

H`AUNTED, participle passive Frequently visited or resorted to, especially by apparitions.

2. Troubled by frequent visits.

Haunter

H`AUNTER, noun One who frequents a particular place, or is often about it.

Haunting

H`AUNTING, participle of the present tense Frequenting; visiting often; troubling with frequent visits.

Haust

HAUST, noun [Saxon hwasta.] A dry cough. Obs.

Ray.

Hautboy

HAUTBOY, n. ho'boy. [French haut, high, and bois, wood, or a shoot.]

A wind instrument, somewhat resembling a flute, but widening towards the bottom, and sounded through a reed. The treble is two feet long. The tenor goes a fifth lower, when blown open. It has only eight holes; but the base, which is five feet long, has eleven.

Encyc.

Hauteur

HAUTEUR, noun [French] Pride; haughtiness; insolent manner or spirit.

Hauyne

HAUYNE, noun A mineral, called by HaÃƒ-¼y latialite, occurring in grains or small masses, and also in groups of minute, shining crystals. Its color is blue, of various shades. It is found imbedded in volcanic rocks, basalt, clinkstone, &c.

Cleaveland.

Have

HAVE, v. t. hav. pret. and pp. had. Indic. Present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they, have. [Saxon habban; Gothic haban; German haben; Dutch hebben; Swedish hafva; Danish haver; Latin habeo; Spanish haber; Portugese haver; Italian avere; French avoir; Welsh hafiaw, to snatch, or seize hastily, and hapiaw, to happen. The Spanish haber unites have with happen; haber, to have or possess, to take, to happen or befall. The primary sense then is to fall on, or to rush on and seize. See Happen. Class Gb. No. 74. 79.]

1. To possess; to hold in possession or power.

How many loaves have ye? Matthew 15.

He that gathered much had nothing over. Exodus 16.

I have no Levite to my priest. Judges 17.

To have and to hold, terms in a deed of conveyance.

2. To possess, as something that is connected with, or belongs to one.

Have ye a father? Have ye another brother? Genesis 43 and 44.

Ã‚--Sheep that have no shepherd. 1 Kings 22.

3. To marry; to take for a wife or husband.

In the resurrection, whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all had her. Matthew 22.

4. To hold; to regard. Thus, to have in honor, is to hold in esteem; to esteem; to honor.

To have in derision or contempt, to hold in derision or contempt; to deride; to despise.

5. To maintain; to hold in opinion.

Sometimes they will have them to be the natural heat; sometimes they will have them to be the qualities of the tangible parts.

Bacon.

6. To be urged by necessity or obligation; to be under necessity, or impelled by duty. I have to visit twenty patients every day. We have to strive against temptations.

We have to encounter strong prejudices. The nation has to pay the interest of an immense debt.

7. To seize and hold; to catch. The hound has him. [The original, but now a vulgar use of the word.]

8. To contain. The work has many beauties and many faults.

9. To gain; to procure; to receive; to obtain; to purchase. I had this cloth very cheap. He has a guinea a month. He has high wages for his services.

Had rather, denotes wish or preference.

I had rather be a door-keeper in the house of my God, than dwell in the tents of wickedness. Psalm 84.

Is not this phrase a corruption of would rather?

To have after, to pursue. [Not much used, nor elegant.]

Shak.

To have away, to remove; to take away.

Tusser.

To have at, to encounter; to assail; as, to have at him; to have at you. [Legitimate, but vulgar.]

To enter into competition with; to make trial with.

Shak.

Dryden uses in a like sense, have with you; but these uses are inelegant.

To have in, to contain.

To have on, to wear; to carry, as raiment or weapons.

He saw a man who had not on a wedding-garment. Matthew 22.

To have out, to cause to depart. 2 Samuel 13.

To have a care, to take care; to be on the guard, or to guard.

To have pleasure, to enjoy.

To have pain, to suffer.

To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted.

With would and should.

He would have, he desires to have, or he requires.

He should have, he ought to have.

But the various uses of have in such phrases, and its uses as an auxiliary verb, are fully explained in grammars. As an auxiliary, it assists in forming the perfect tense, as I have formed, thou hast formed, he hath or has formed, we have formed, and the prior-past tense, as I had seen, thou hadst seen, he had seen.

Haveless

HAVELESS, a. hav'les. Having little or nothing. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Haven

HA'VEN, n. ha'vn. [Saxon hoefan; Dutch haven; Danish havn; French hÃƒ-¢vre; Armoric haffn; German hafen; from haber, a Gaulish word, signifying the mouth of a river, says Lunier. But in Welsh, hav is summer, and havyn is a flat, extended, still place, and a haven.]

1. A harbor; a port; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river which affords good anchorage and a safe station for ships; any place in which ships can be sheltered by the land from the force of tempests and a violent sea.

2. A shelter; an asylum; a place of safety.

Shak.

Havener

HA'VENER, noun The overseer of a port; a harbor-master. [Not used.]

Carew.

Haver

HAV'ER, noun One who has or possesses; a possessor; a holder. [Little used.]

Shak.

Haver

HAV'ER, noun [German hafer; Dutch haver; perhaps Latin avena.]

Oats; a word of local use in the north of England; as haverbread, oaten bread.

Johnson.

Haversack

HAV'ERSACK, noun [French havre-sac.] A soldier's knapsack.

Having

HAV'ING, participle of the present tense [from have.] Possessing; holding in power or possession; containing; gaining; receiving; taking.

Having

HAV'ING, noun Possession; goods; estate. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. The act or state of possessing.

Sidney.

Havock

HAV'OCK, noun [Welsh havog, a spreading about, waste, devastation; havogi, to commit waste, to devastate; supposed to be from hav, a spreading. But qu. Irish arvach, havock.]

Waste; devastation; wide and general destruction.

Ye gods! what havock does ambition make

Among your works.

Addison.

As for Saul, he made havock of the church. Acts 8.

Havock

HAV'OCK, verb transitive To waste; to destroy; to lay waste.

To waste and havock yonder world.

Milton.

Haw

HAW, noun [Saxon hoeg, hag, German heck, Dutch haag, heg, Danish hek, hekke, a hedge.]

1. The berry and seed of the hawthorn, that is, hedge-thorn.

Bacon.

2. [Saxon haga.] A small piece of ground adjoining a house; a small field; properly, an inclosed piece of land, from hedge, like garden, which also signifies an inclosure. [Danish hauge, a garden.]

3. In farriery, an excrescence resembling a gristle, growing under the nether eyelid and eye of a horse.

Encyc.

4. A dale. Obs.

Chaucer.

Haw

HAW, verb intransitive [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To stop in speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption and hesitation; as, to hem and haw.

L'Estrange.

Hawfinch

HAW'FINCH, noun A bird, a species of Loxia.

Hawhaw

HAW'HAW, noun [duplication of haw, a hedge.]

A fence or bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between slopes and not perceived till approached.

Todd.

Hawing

HAW'ING, participle of the present tense Speaking with a haw, or with hesitation.

Hawk

HAWK, noun [Saxon hafoc; Dutch havik; German habicht; Swedish h?k; Danish hÃƒ-¶g, hÃƒ-¶Ãƒ-¶g; Welsh hebog, named from heb, utterance.]

A genus of fowls, the Falco, of many species, having a crooked beak, furnished with a cere at the base, a cloven tongue, and the head thick set with fethers. Most of the species are rapacious, feeding on birds or other small animals. Hawks were formerly trained for sport or catching small birds.

Hawk

HAWK, verb intransitive To catch or attempt to catch birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.

He that hawks at larks and sparrows.

Locke.

A falc'ner Henry is, when Emma hawks.

Prior.

2. To fly at; to attack on the wing; with at.

To hawk at flies.

Dryden.

Hawk

HAWK, verb intransitive [Welsh hoÃƒ-§i; Scot. hawgh. Qu. Chal., and keck and cough. See Class Gk. No. 5. 29. 36.]

To make an effort to force up phlegm with noise; as, to hawk and spit.

Shak. Harvey.

To hawk up, transitively; as, to hawk up phlegm.

Hawk

HAWK, noun An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.

Hawk

HAWK, verb transitive [Qu. German hocken, to take on the back; hÃƒ-¶cken, to higgle; hÃƒ-¶cker, a huckster; or the root of Latin auctio, auction, a sale by outcry. The root of the latter probably signified to cry out.]

To cry; to offer for sale by outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets.

Hawked

HAWK'ED, participle passive Offered for sale by outcry in the street.

2. adjective Crooked; curving like a hawk's bill.

Hawker

HAWK'ER, noun One who offers goods for sale by outcry in the street; a pedlar.

Swift.

2. A falconer. [Saxon hafcere.]

Hawkeyed

HAWK'EYED, adjective Having acute sight; discerning.

Hawking

HAWK'ING, participle of the present tense Catching wild birds by hawks.

2. Making an effort to discharge phlegm.

3. Offering for sale in the street by outcry.

Hawking

HAWK'ING, noun The exercise of taking wild fowls by means of hawks.

Hawknosed

HAWK'NOSED, adjective Having an aquiline nose.

Farrand.

Hawkweed

HAWK'WEED, noun The vulgar name of several species of plants, of the genera, Hieracium, Crepis, Hyoseris, and Andryala.

Hawse

HAWSE, n. hawz. [See Halser.] The situation of a ship moored with two anchors from the bows, one on the starboard, the other on the larboard bow; as, the ship has a clear hawse, or a foul hawse. A foul hawse is when the cables cross each other or are twisted together.

Mar. Dict.

Hawse-Hole

HAWSE-HOLE, noun A cylindrical hole in the bow of a ship through which a cable passes.

Hawse-Piece

HAWSE-PIECE, noun One of the foremost timbers of a ship.

Hawser

HAWS'ER, noun [See Halser.] A small cable; or a large rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Hawthorn

HAW'THORN, noun [Saxon hoeg-thorn, hedge-thorn; Swedish hagtorn; Danish hagetorn; German hagedorn; Dutch haagedoorn.]

A shrub or tree which bears the haw, of the genus Crataegus; the white-thorn. The hawthorn is much used for hedges, and for standards in gardens. It grows naturally in all parts of Europe.

Encyc.

Hawthorn-Fly

HAW'THORN-FLY, noun An insect so called.

Walton.

Hay

HAY, noun [Saxon heg, hig; German heu; Dutch hooi; Danish hÃƒ-¶e; Swedish h?.]

Grass cut and dried for fodder; grass prepared for preservation. Make hay while the sun shines.

To dance the hay, to dance in a ring.

Donne.

Hay

HAY, verb transitive [German heuen.] To dry or cure grass for preservation.

Hay

HAY, noun [Saxon hoeg.] A hedge. Obs.

Chaucer.

2. A net which incloses the haunt of an animal.

Harmer.

Hay

HAY, verb transitive To lay snares for rabbits.

Huloct.

Haybote

HA'YBOTE, noun Hedge-bote. In English law, an allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences.

Blackstone.

Haycock

HA'YCOCK, noun A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field.

Hayknife

HA'YKNIFE, noun A sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow.

Hayloft

HA'YLOFT, noun A loft or scaffold for hay, particularly in a barn.

Haymaker

HA'YMAKER, noun One who cuts and dries grass for fodder.

Haymaking

HA'YMAKING, noun The business of cutting grass and curing it for fodder.

Haymarket

HA'YMARKET, noun A place for the sale of hay.

Haymow

HA'YMOW, noun A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.

Hayrick

HA'YRICK, noun A rick of hay; usually a long pile for preservation in the open air.

Haystack

HA'YSTACK, noun A stack or large conical pile of hay in the open air, laid up for preservation.

Hayward

HA'YWARD, noun [hay and ward, hedgeward.]

A person who keeps the common herd or cattle of a town, and guards hedges or fences. In New England, the hayward is a town officer whose duty is to impound cattle, and particularly swine which are found running at large in the highways, contrary to law.

Haydenite

HA'YDENITE, noun A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden, near Baltimore. It occurs in garnet colored crystals.

Hazard

HAZ'ARD, noun [French hasard; probably from the root of Latin casus, a fall, and ard, the common termination.]

1. Chance; accident; casualty; a fortuitous event; that which falls or comes suddenly or unexpectedly, the cause of which is unknown, or whose operation is unforeseen or unexpected.

I will stand the hazard of the die.

Shak.

2. Danger; peril; risk. He encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.

Men are led on from one stage of life to another, in a condition of the utmost hazard.

Rogers.

3. A game at dice.

Swift.

To run the hazard, to risk; to take the chance; to do or neglect to do something, when the consequences are not foreseen, and not within the powers of calculation.

Hazard

HAZ'ARD, verb transitive [French hasarder.] To expose to chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk; as, to hazard life to save a friend; to hazard an estate on the throw of a die; to hazard salvation for temporal pleasure.

Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.

J. Clarke.

2. To venture to incur, or bring on; as, to hazard the loss of reputation.

Hazard

HAZ'ARD, verb intransitive To try the chance; to adventure; to run the risk or danger.

Pause a day or two, before you hazardÃ‚--

Shak.

Hazardable

HAZ'ARDABLE, adjective That is liable to hazard or chance.

Brown.

Hazarded

HAZ'ARDED, participle passive Put at risk or in danger; ventured.

Hazarder

HAZ'ARDER, noun One who ventures or puts at stake.

Hazarding

HAZ'ARDING, participle of the present tense Exposing to danger or peril; venturing to bring on.

Hazardous

HAZ'ARDOUS, adjective Dangerous; that exposes to peril or danger of loss or evil; as a hazardous attempt or experiment.

Hazardously

HAZ'ARDOUSLY, adverb With danger of loss or evil; with peril.

Hazardry

HAZ'ARDRY, noun Rashness; temerity. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Gaming in general. Obs.

Chaucer.

Haze

HAZE, noun [The primary sense of this word is probably to mix, or to turn, stir and make thick.]

Fog; a watery vapor in the air, or a dry vapor like smoke, which renders the air thick.

Haze

HAZE, verb intransitive To be foggy. [A local word.]

Ray.

Haze

HAZE, verb transitive To frighten. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Hazel

HAZEL, n. ha'zl. [Saxon hoesel, a hat or cap; hoesl, hazel; hoesl-nutu, hazel-nut; German hasel; Dutch hazelaar; Danish hassel, hassel-nÃƒ-¶d; Swedish hassel. By the Saxon it appears that the word signifies a cap, and the name of the nut, a cap-nut.]

A shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild farinaceous taste.

Encyc.

Hazel

HAZEL, a. ha'zl. Pertaining to the hazel or like it; of a light brown color, like the hazel-nut.

Hazel-Earth

HA'ZEL-EARTH, noun A kind of red loam.

Encyc.

Hazel-Nut

HA'ZEL-NUT, noun The nut or fruit of the hazel.

Hazelly

HA'ZELLY, adjective Of the color of the hazel-nut; of a light brown.

Mortimer. Encyc.

Hazy

HA'ZY, adjective [See Haze.] Foggy; misty; thick with vapor; as hazy weather; the hazy north.

Thomson.

He

HE, pronoun of the third person; nom. he; poss. his; obj. him. [Saxon mas. he; fem. heo; neut. hit, now contracted to it, Latin id, for hid. It seems to be a contracted word, for the Latin is hic, and the Saxon accusative is sometimes hig. In English it has no plural, but it has in Saxon, hi, they.]

1. A pronoun, a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, representing the man or male person named before.

Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Genesis 3.

Thou shalt fear Jehovah thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deuteronomy 10.

2. It often has reference to a person that is named in the subsequent part of the sentence. He is the man.

3. He is often used without reference to any particular person, and may be referred to any person indefinitely that answers the description. It is then synonymous with any man.

He that walketh with wise men, shall be wise. Proverbs 13.

4. He, when a substitute for man in its general sense, expressing mankind, is of common gender, representing, like its antecedent, the whole human race.

My Spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh. Genesis 6.

5. Man; a male.

I stand to answer thee, or any he the proudest of thy sort.

Shak.

In this use of he, in the ludicrous style, the word has no variation of case. In the foregoing sentence, he is in the objective case, or position, and the word is to be considered as a noun.

6. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of animals to designate the male kind, as a he-goat, a he-bear. In such cases, he is to be considered as an adjective, or the two words as forming a compound.

Head

HEAD, n. hed. [Saxon heafod, hefed, heafd; Dutch hoofd; Danish hoved; Swedish hufvud; German haupt. This word is a participle of the Saxon heafan, hefan, to heave, pret. hof, hove; German heben, hob, &c. Heafod, heaved, the elevated part, the top. Class Gb.]

1. The uppermost part of the human body, or the foremost part of the body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the human body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting and smelling; it contains also the brain, which is supposed to be the seat of the intellectual powers, and of sensation. Hence the head is the chief or most important part, and is used for the whole person, in the phrase, let the evil fall on my head.

2. An animal; an individual; as, the tax was raised by a certain rate per head. And we use the singular number to express many. The herd contains twenty head of oxen.

Thirty thousand head of swine.

Addison.

3. A chief; a principal person; a leader; a commander; one who has the first rank or place, and to whom others are subordinate; as the head of an army; the head of a sect or party. Ephesians 5.

4. The first place; the place of honor, or of command. The lord mayor sat at the head of the table. The general marched at the head of his troops.

5. Countenance; presence; in the phrases, to hide the head, to show the head.

6. Understanding; faculties of the mind; sometimes in a ludicrous sense; as, a man has a good head, or a strong head. These men laid their heads together to form the scheme. Never trouble your head about this affair. So we say, to beat the head; to break the head; that is, to study hard, to exercise the understanding or mental faculties.

7. Face; front; forepart.

The ravishers turn head, the fight renews. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

8. Resistance; successful opposition; in the phrase, to make head against, that is, to advance, or resist with success.

9. Spontaneous will or resolution; in the phrases, of his own head, on their own head. But of is more usual than on.

10. State of a deer's horns by which his age is known. The buck is called, the fifth year, a buck of the first head.

Shak.

11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the rest of the thing; as the head of a spear; the head of a cabbage; the head of a nail; the head of a mast.

12. The forepart of a thing, as the head of a ship, which includes the bows on both sides; also, the ornamental figure or image erected on or before the stem of a ship.

Encyc.

13. The blade or cutting part of an ax, distinct from the helve.

14. That which rises on the top; as the head or yeast of beer.

Mortimer.

15. The upper part of a bed, or bed-stead.

16. The brain.

They turn their heads to imitate the sun.

Pope.

17. The dress of the head; as a laced head. [Unusual.]

Swift.

18. The principal source of a stream; as the head of the Nile.

19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to the driving of mill-wheels. The mill has a good head of water.

20. Topic of discourse; chief point or subject; a summary; as the heads of a discourse or treatise.

21. Crisis; pitch; highth. The disease has grown to such a head as to threaten life.

22. Influence; force; strength; pitch. The sedition got to such a head as not to be easily quelled.

23. Body; conflux. Obs.

Shak. Spenser.

24. Power; armed force.

My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head.

Shak.

25. Liberty; freedom from restraint; as, to give a horse the head. Hence,

26. License; freedom from check, control or restraint. Children should not have their heads.

He has too long given his unruly passions the head.

South.

27. The hair of the head; as a head of hair.

28. The top of corn or other plant; the part on which the seed grows.

29. The end, or the boards that form the end; as the head of a cask.

30. The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the sea; as the head of a bay, gulf or creek.

31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil; hence, to come to a head, is to suppurate.

Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, especially when referring to immersion. He plunged head and ears into the water. He was head and ears in debt, that is, completely overwhelmed.

Head and shoulders, by force; violently; as, to drag one head and shoulders.

They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders.

Felton.

Head or tail, or, head nor tail, uncertain; not reducible to certainty.

Burke.

Head, as an adj. or in composition, chief; principal; as a head workman.

By the head, in seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too deeply at the fore-end.

Head

HEAD, v. t. hed. To lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army; to head an expedition; to head a riot.

2. To behead; to decapitate. [Unusual.]

Shak.

3. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail.

4. To lop; as, to head trees.

5. To go in front of; to get into the front; as, to head a drove of cattle.

6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask.

7. To oppose; to veer round and blow in opposition to the course of a ship; as, the wind heads us.

Head

HEAD, v. i. hed. To originate; to spring; to have its source, as a river.

A broad river that heads in the great Blue Ridge of mountains.

Adair.

Headach

HEADACH, n. hed'ake. Pain in the head.

Headband

HEADBAND, n. hed'band. A fillet; a band for the head; also, the band at each end of a book. Isaiah 3.

Headborough

HEADBOROUGH, n. hed'burro. In England, formerly, the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing or decennary, consisting of ten families; called in some counties, borsholder, that is, borough's elder, and sometimes tithing man.

Blackstone.

Head-Dress

HEAD-DRESS, n. hed'dress. The dress of the head; the covering or ornaments of a woman's head.

Pope. Addison.

2. The crest, or tuft of fethers on a fowl's head.

Addison.

Headed

HEADED, pp. hed'ed. Led; directed; furnished with a head; having a top. This is used in composition, as clear-headed, long-headed, thick-headed, &c.

Header

HEADER, n. hed'er. One who heads nails or pins.

2. One who leads a mob or party.

3. The first brick in the angle of a wall.

Moxon.

Headfast

HEADFAST, n. hed'fast. A rope at the head of a ship to fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object.

Mar. Dict.

Headfirst

HEADFIRST, adv. hedfurst. With the head foremost.

Headgargle

HEADGARGLE, n. hed'gargle. A disease of cattle.

Mortimer.

Headgear

HEADGEAR, n. hed'gear. The dress of a woman's head.

Burton.

Headiness

HEADINESS, n. hed'iness. [See Heady.] Rarshness; precipitation; a disposition to rush forward without due deliberation or prudence.

Spenser.

2. Stubbornness; obstinacy.

Heading

HEADING, n. hed'ing. Timber for the heads of casks.

Headland

HEADLAND, n. hed'land. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting from the shore into the sea, or other expanse of water.

2. A ridge or strip of unplowed land at the ends of furrows, or near a fence.

Headless

HEADLESS, a. hed'less. Having no head; beheaded; as a headless body, neck or carcase.

Dryden. Spenser.

2. Destitute of a chief or leader.

Raleigh.

3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; rash; obstinate.

Spenser.

Headlong

HEADLONG, adv. hed'long. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong.

Dryden.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.

Ã‚--He hurries headlong to his fate.

Dryden.

3. Hastily; without delay or respit.

Headlong

HEADLONG, a. hed'long. Steep; precipitous.

Milton.

2. Rash; precipitate; as headlong folly.

Headman

HEADMAN, n. hed'man. A chief; a leader.

Headmold-Shot

HEADMOLD-SHOT, noun A disease in children, in which the sutures of the skull, usually the coronal, ride, that is, when their edges shoot over one another, and are so close-locked as to compress the brain; often occasioning convulsions and death.

Encyc.

Headmoney

HEAD'MONEY, n. hed'munny. A capitation-tax.

Milton.

Headmost

HEADMOST, a. hed'most. Most advanced; most forward; first in a line or order of progression; as the headmost ship in a fleet.

Head-Pan

HEAD-PAN, n. hed'-pan. The brain-pan. [Not in use.]

Head-Piece

HEAD-PIECE, n. hed'-pece. Armor for the head; a helmet; a morion.

Sidney. Dryden.

2. Understanding; force of mind. [Not common.]

Prideaux.

Headquarters

HEADQUART'ERS, n. plu. The quarters or place of residence of the commander-in-chief of an army.

2. The residence of any chief, or place from which orders are issued.

Head-Rope

HEAD-ROPE, n. hed'-rope. That part of a bolt-rope which terminates any sail on the upper edge, and to which it is sewed.

Mar. Dict.

Head-Sail

HEAD-SAIL, n. hed'-sail. The head-sails of a ship are the sails which are extended on the fore-mast and bowsprit, as the foresail, foretop-sail, jib, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Head-Sea

HEAD-SEA, n. hed'-sea. Waves that meet the head of a ship or roll against her course.

Mar. Dict.

Headshake

HEADSHAKE, n. hed'shake. A significant shake of the head.

Shak.

Headship

HEADSHIP, n. hed'ship. Authority; chief place.

Hales.

Headsman

HEADSMAN, n. hed'sman. One that cuts off heads; an executioner. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Headspring

HEADSPRING, n. hed'spring. Fountain; source; origin.

Headstall

HEADSTALL, n. hed'stall. That part of a bridle which encompasses the head.

Headstone

HEADSTONE, n. hed'stone. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone.

Psalms.

2. The stone at the head of a grave.

Headstrong

HEADSTRONG, a. hed'strong. Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; resolute to run his own way; bent on pursuing his own will; not easily restrained.

Now let the headstrong boy my will control.

Dryden.

2. Directed by ungovernable will or proceeding from obstinacy; as a headstrong course.

Dryden.

Headstrongness

HEAD'STRONGNESS, noun Obstinacy. [Not in use.]

Gayton.

Headtire

HEADTIRE, n. hed'tire. Dress or attire for the head. 1 Esdras iii.

Headway

HEADWAY, n. hed'way. The motion of an advancing ship. A ship makes headway, when she advances, as from a state of rest.

Head-Wind

HEAD-WIND, n. hed'-wind. A wind that blows in a direction opposite to the ship's course.

Head-Workman

HEAD-WORK'MAN, noun The chief workman of a party; a foreman in a manufactory.

Swift.

Heady

HEADY, a. hed'y. [See Head.] Rash; hasty; precipitate; violent; disposed to rush forward in an enterprise without thought or deliberation; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.

All the talent required, is to be heady, to be violent on one side or the other.

Temple.

2. Apt to affect the head; inflaming; intoxicating; strong; as spirituous liquors. Champagne is a heady wine.

3. Violent; impetuous; as a heady current. [Not usual.]

Shak.

Heal

HEAL, verb transitive [Saxon hoelan, helan, gehelan, to heal, and to conceal, Latin celo; Gothic hailyan, to heal; German heilen; Dutch heelen; Swedish

hela; Danish heeler; from hal, heil, heel, hel, whole, sound, allied to hold and holy. Hebrew, Chaldee, to be whole or entire, all. The primary sense of the root is to press, strain, extend; hence, to hold, to shut, enclose, conceal, to embrace the whole. To heal is to make whole, hale, sound, and to conceal is to hold, or keep close.]

1. To cure of a disease or wound and restore to soundness, or to that state of body in which the natural functions are regularly performed; as, to heal the sick.

Speak, and my servant shall be healed. Matthew 8.

2. To cure; to remove or subdue; as, to heal a disease.

3. To cause to cicatrize; as, to heal a sore or wound.

4. To restore to soundness; as, to heal a wounded limb.

5. To restore purity to; to remove feculence or foreign matter.

Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters. 2 Kings 2.

6. To remove, as differences or dissension; to reconcile, as parties at variance; as, to heal a breach or difference.

7. In Scripture, to forgive; to cure moral disease and restore soundness.

I will heal their backsliding. Hosea 14.

8. To purify from corruptions, redress grievances and restore to prosperity. Jeremiah 14.

9. To cover, as a roof with tiles, slate, lead, &c. [Saxon helan.]

Encyc.

Heal

HEAL, verb intransitive To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; sometimes with up or over; it will heal up or over.

Healable

HE'ALABLE, adjective That may be healed.

Sherwood.

Healed

HE'ALED, participle passive Restored to a sound state.

Healer

HE'ALER, noun He or that which cures, or restores to soundness.

Healing

HE'ALING, participle of the present tense Curing; restoring to a sound state.

2. adjective Tending to cure; mild; mollifying.

Healing

HE'ALING, noun The act of curing.

2. The act of covering. Obs.

Health

HEALTH, n. helth. [from heal.] That state of an animal or living body, in which the parts are sound, well organized and disposed, and in which they all perform freely their natural functions. In this state the animal feels no pain. This word is applied also to plants.

Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it cannot be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.

Buckminster.

2. Sound state of the mind; natural vigor of faculties.

Bacon.

3. Sound state of the mind, in a moral sense; purity; goodness.

There is no health in us. Common Prayer.

4. Salvation or divine favor, or grace which cheers God's people. Psalm 43.

5. Wish of health and happiness; used in drinking. Come, love and health to all; an elliptical phrase, for, I wish health to you.

Healthful

HEALTH'FUL, a. helth'ful. Being in a sound state, as a living or organized being; having the parts or organs entire, and their functions in a free, active and undisturbed operation; free from disease. We speak of a healthful body, a healthful person, a healthful plant.

2. Serving to promote health; wholesome; salubrious; as a healthful air or climate; a healthful diet.

3. Indicating health or soundness; as a healthful condition.

4. Salutary; promoting spiritual health.

Common Prayer.

5. Well disposed; favorable.

A healthful ear to hear. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Healthfully

HEALTH'FULLY, adverb In health; wholesomely.

Healthfulness

HEALTH'FULNESS, noun A state of being well; a state in which the parts of a living body are sound, and regularly perform their functions.

2. Wholesomeness; salubrity; state or qualities that promote health; as the healthfulness of the air, or of climate, or of diet, or of exercises.

Healthily

HEALTH'ILY, adjective [See Health.] Without disease.

Healthiness

HEALTH'INESS, noun The state of health; soundness; freedom from disease; as the healthiness of an animal or plant.

Healthless

HEALTH'LESS, adjective Infirm; sickly.

2. Not conducive to health. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Healthsome

HEALTH'SOME, adjective Wholesome. [Not used.]

Shak.

Healthy

HEALTH'Y, adjective Being in a sound state; enjoying health; hale; sound; as a healthy body or constitution.

2. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; as a healthy exercise; a healthy climate; healthy recreations.

Locke.

Heam

HEAM, noun In beasts, the same as afterbirth in women.

Johnson. Todd.

Heap

HEAP, noun [Saxon heap, heop; Dutch hoop; German haufe; Swedish hop; Danish hob; Russian kupa; Welsh cub, a heap, what is put together, a bundle, a cube. See Class Gb. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.]

1. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation; as a heap of earth or stones.

Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.

Dryden.

2. A crowd; a throng; a cluster; applied to living persons. [Inelegant and not in use.]

Bacon. Dryden.

3. A mass of ruins.

Thou hast made of a city a heap. Isaiah 25.

Heap

HEAP, verb transitive [Saxon heapian; Swedish hopa; German hÃƒ-¤ufen; Dutch hoopen.]

1. To throw or lay in a heap; to pile; as, to heap stones; often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal.

2. To amass; to accumulate; to lay up; to collect in great quantity; with up; as, to heap up treasures.

Though the wicked heap up silver as the dustÃ‚-- Job 27.

3. To add something else, in large quantities.

Shak.

4. To pile; to add till the mass takes a roundish form, or till it rises above the measure; as, to heap any thing in measuring.

Heaped

HE'APED, participle passive Piled; amassed; accumulated.

Heaper

HE'APER, noun One who heaps, piles or amasses.

Heaping

HE'APING, participle of the present tense Piling; collecting into a mass.

Heapy

HE'APY, adjective Lying in heaps; as heapy rubbish.

Gay.

Hear

HEAR, verb transitive pret. and pp. heard, but more correctly heared. [Saxon heoran, hyran; German hÃƒ-¶ren; Dutch hooren; Danish hÃƒ-¶rer; Swedish h?ra. It seems to be from ear, Latin auris, or from the same root. So Latin audio seems to be connected with Greek. The sense is probably to lend the ear, to turn or incline the ear, and ear is probably a shoot or extremity.]

1. To perceive by the ear; to feel an impression of sound by the proper organs; as, to hear sound; to hear a voice; to hear words.

2. To give audience or allowance to speak.

He sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the faith in Christ. Acts 24.

3. To attend; to listen; to obey.

To-day, if ye will hear his voice, harden not your heart. Psalm 95.

4. To attend favorably; to regard.

They think they shall be heard for their much speaking. Matthew 6.

5. To grant an answer to prayer.

I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice. Psalm 116.

6. To attend to the facts, evidence, and arguments in a cause between parties; to try in a court of law or equity. The cause was heard and determined at the last term; or, it was heard at the last term, and will be determined at the next. So 2 Samuel 15.

7. To acknowledge a title; a Latin phrase.

Hear'st thou submissive, but a lowly birth.

Prior.

8. To be a hearer of; to sit under the preaching of; as, what minister do you hear? [A colloquial use of the word.]

9. To learn.

I speak to the world those things which I have heard of him. John 8.

10. To approve and embrace.

They speak of the world, and the world heareth them. 1 John 4.

To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication.

Shak.

Hear

HEAR, verb intransitive To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. He is deaf, he cannot hear.

2. To listen; to hearken; to attend. He hears with solicitude.

3. To be told; to receive by report.

I hear there are divisions among you, and I partly believe it. 1 Corinthians 11.

Heard

HEARD, or HEARED, participle passive Perceived by the ear. [In pronunciation, this word should not be confounded with herd.]

Hearer

HE'ARER, noun One who hears; one who attends to what is orally delivered by another; an auditor; one of an audience.

Hearing

HE'ARING, participle of the present tense Perceiving by the ear, as sound.

2. Listening to; attending to; obeying; observing what is commanded.

3. Attending to witnesses or advocates in a judicial trial; trying.

Hearing

HE'ARING, noun The faculty or sense by which sound is perceived.

2. Audience; attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard. I waited on the minister, but could not obtain a hearing.

3. Judicial trial; attention to the facts, testimony and arguments in a cause between parties, with a view to a just decision.

4. The act of perceiving sounds; sensation or perception of sound.

I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear. Job 42.

And to the others he said in my hearing. Ezekiel 9.

5. Reach of the ear; extent within which sound may be heard. He was not within hearing.

Hearken

HE`ARKEN, v. i. h`arken. [Saxon heorcnian, hyrcnian; German horchen.]

1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered, with eagerness or curiosity.

The furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl.

Dryden.

2. To attend; to regard; to give heed to what is uttered; to observe or obey.

Hearken, O Israel, to the statutes and the judgments which I teach you. Deuteronomy 4.

3. To listen; to attend; to grant or comply with.

Hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant. 1 Kings 8.

Hearken

HE`ARKEN, v. t. h`arken. To hear by listening. [Little used.]

Hearkener

HE`ARKENER, n. h`arkener. A listener; one who hearkens.

Hearkening

HE`ARKENING, ppr. h`arkening. Listening; attending; observing.

Hearsal

HEARSAL, for Rehearsal. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Hearsay

HE'ARSAY, noun [hear and say.] Report, rumor; fame; common talk. He affirms without any authority except hearsay. The account we have depends on hearsay. It is sometimes used as an adjective; as hearsay evidence.

Hearse

HEARSE, n. hers. [See Herse.] A temporary monument set over a grave.

Weever.

2. The case or place in which a corpse is deposited.

Fairfax.

3. A carriage for conveying the dead to the grave. [See Herse.]

4. A hind in the second year of her age.

Encyc.

Hearse

HEARSE, v. t. hers. To inclose in a hearse.

Shak.

Hearsecloth

HEARSECLOTH, n. hers'cloth. A pall; a cloth to cover a hearse.

Sanderson.

Hearselike

HEARSELIKE, a. hers'like. Suitable to a funeral.

Heart

HEART, n. h`art. [Saxon heort; German herz; Dutch hart; Swedish hierta; Danish hierte; Greek; Sanscrit herda. I know not the primary sense, nor whether it is from the root of, Latin cor, cordis, and allied to core, or named from motion, pulsation.]

1. A muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. From this organ all the arteries arise, and in it all the veins terminate. By its alternate dilatation and contraction, the blood is received from the veins, and returned through the arteries, by which means the circulation is carried on and life preserved.

2. The inner part of any thing; the middle part or interior; as the heart of a country, kingdom or empire; the heart of a town; the heart of a tree.

3. The chief part; the vital part; the vigorous or efficacious part.

Bacon.

4. The seat of the affections and passions, as of love, joy, grief, enmity, courage, pleasure, &c.

The heart is deceitful above all things. Every imagination of the thoughts of the heart is evil continually. We read of an honest and good heart, and an evil heart of unbelief, a willing heart, a heavy heart, sorrow of heart, a hard heart, a proud heart, a pure heart. The heart faints in adversity, or under discouragement, that is, courage fails; the heart is deceived, enlarged, reproved, lifted up, fixed, established, moved, &c.

Scripture.

5. By a metonymy, heart is used for an affection or passion, and particularly for love.

The king's heart was towards Absalom. 2 Samuel 14.

6. The seat of the understanding; as an understanding heart. We read of men wise in heart, and slow of heart.

Scripture.

7. The seat of the will; hence, secret purposes, intentions or designs. There are many devices in a man's heart. The heart of kings is unsearchable. The Lord tries and searches the heart. David had it in his heart to build a house of rest for the ark.

Scripture.

Sometimes heart is used for the will, or determined purpose.

The heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil. Ecclesiastes 8.

8. Person; character; used with respect to courage or kindness.

Cheerly, my hearts.

Shak.

9. Courage; spirit; as, to take heart; to give heart; to recover heart.

Spenser. Temple. Milton.

10. Secret thoughts; recesses of the mind.

Michal saw king David leaping and dancing before the Lord, and she despised him in her heart. 2 Samuel 6.

11. Disposition of mind.

He had a heart to do well.

Sidney.

12. Secret meaning; real intention.

And then show you the heart of my message.

Shak.

13. Conscience, or sense of good or ill.

Every man's heart and conscienceÃ‚--doth either like or disallow it.

Hooker.

14. Strength; power of producing; vigor; fertility. Keep the land in heart.

That the spent earth may gather heart again.

Dryden.

15. The utmost degree.

This gay charmÃ‚--hath beguiled me To the very heart of loss.

Shak.

To get or learn by heart, to commit to memory; to learn so perfectly as to be able to repeat without a copy.

To take to heart, to be much affected; also, to be zealous, ardent or solicitous about a thing; to have concern.

To lay to heart, is used nearly in the sense of the foregoing.

To set the heart on, to fix the desires on; to be very desirous of obtaining or keeping; to be very fond of.

To set the heart at rest, to make one's self quiet; to be tranquil or easy in mind.

To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed.

I find it in my heart to ask your pardon.

Sidney.

For my heart, for tenderness or affection. I could not for my heart refuse his request.

Or, this phrase may signify, for my life; if my life was at stake.

I could not get him for my heart to do it.

Shak.

To speak to one's heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to; to comfort; to encourage.

To have in the heart, to purpose; to have design or intention.

A hard heart, cruelty; want of sensibility.

Heart

HE`ART, verb intransitive To encourage. [Not much used.]

Prideaux.

Heart-Ach

HE`ART-ACH, noun Sorrow; anguish of mind.

Shak.

Heart-Alluring

HE`ART-ALLU'RING, adjective Suited to allure the affections.

Parnell.

Heart-Appalling

HEART-APPALL'ING, adjective Dismaying the heart.

Heart-Break

HE`ART-BREAK, noun Overwhelming sorrow or grief.

Shak.

Heart-Breaker

HE`ART-BREAKER, adjective A lady's curl; a love-lock.

Heart-Breaking

HE`ART-BREAKING, adjective Breaking the heart; overpowering with grief or sorrow.

Spenser.

Heart-Breaking

HE`ART-BREAKING, noun Overpowering grief; deep affliction.

Hakewill.

Heart-Bred

HE`ART-BRED, adjective Bred in the heart.

Crashaw.

Heart-Broken

HE`ART-BROKEN, adjective Deeply afflicted or grieved.

Heart-Buried

HE`ART-BURIED, adjective Deeply immersed.

Young.

Heart-Burn

HE`ART-BURN, noun Cardialgy; a disease or affection of the stomach, attended with a sensation of heat and uneasiness, and occasioned by indigestion, surfeit or acidity.

Heart-Burned

HE`ART-BURNED, adjective Having the heart inflamed.

Shak.

Heart-Burning

HE`ART-BURNING, adjective Causing discontent.

Middleton.

Heart-Burning

HE`ART-BURNING, noun Heart-burn, which see.

2. Discontent; secret enmity.

Swift.

Heart-Chilled

HE`ART-CHILLED, adjective Having the heart chilled.

Shenstone.

Heart-Consuming

HE`ART-CONSU'MING, adjective Destroying peace of mind.

Heart-Corroding

HE`ART-CORRO'DING, adjective Preying on the heart.

Heart-Dear

HE`ART-DEAR, adjective Sincerely beloved.

Shak.

Heart-Deep

HE`ART-DEEP, adjective Rooted in the heart.

Herbert.

Heart-Discouraging

HE`ART-DISCOUR'AGING, adjective [See Courage.] Depressing the spirits.

South.

Heart-Ease

HE`ART-EASE, noun Quiet; tranquillity of mind.

Shak.

Heart-Easing

HE'ART-EASING, adjective Giving quiet to the mind.

Milton.

Heart-Eating

HE`ART-EATING, adjective Preying on the heart.

Burton.

Heart-Expanding

HE`ART-EXPAND'ING, adjective Enlarging the heart; opening the feelings.

Thomson.

Heart-Felt

HE`ART-FELT, adjective Deeply felt; deeply affecting, either as joy or sorrow.

Heart-Grief

HE`ART-GRIEF, noun Affliction of the heart.

Milton.

Heart-Hardened

HE`ART-HARDENED, adjective Obdurate; impenitent; unfeeling.

Harmer.

Heart-Hardening

HE`ART-HARDENING, adjective Rendering cruel or obdurate.

Shak.

Heart-Heaviness

HE`ART-HEAVINESS, noun Depression of spirits.

Shak.

Heart-Offending

HE`ART-OFFEND'ING, adjective Wounding the heart.

Shak.

Heart-Pea

HE`ART-PEA, noun A plant, the Cardiospermum, with black seeds, having the figure of a heart of a white color on each.

Miller.

Heart-Quelling

HE`ART-QUELLING, adjective Conquering the affection.

Spenser.

Heart-Rending

HE`ART-RENDING, adjective Breaking the heart; overpowering with anguish; deeply afflictive.

Waller.

Heart-Robbing

HE`ART-ROBBING, adjective Depriving of thought; ecstatic.

Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart; winning.

Ibm.

Hearts-Blood

HE`ART'S-BLOOD, or HE`ART-BLOOD, noun The blood of the heart; life; essence.

Shak.

Hearts-Ease

HE`ART'S-EASE, noun A plant, a species of Viola.

Heart-Searching

HE`ART-SEARCHING, adjective Searching the secret thoughts and purposes.

Heart-Sick

HE`ART-SICK, adjective Sick at heart; pained in mind; deeply afflicted or depressed.

Heart-Sore

HE`ART-SORE, noun That which pains the heart.

Spenser.

Heart-Sore

HE`ART-SORE, adjective Deeply wounded.

Shak.

Heart-Sorrowing

HE`ART-SOR'ROWING, adjective Sorrowing deeply in heart.

Shak.

Heart-String

HE`ART-STRING, noun A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.

Shak. Taylor.

Heart-Struck

HE`ART-STRUCK, adjective Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind.

2. Shocked with fear; dismayed.

Milton.

Heart-Swelling

HE`ART-SWELLING, adjective Rankling in the heart.

Spenser.

Heart-Whole

HE`ART-WHOLE, adjective [See Whole.] Not affected with love; not in love, or not deeply affected.

2. Having unbroken spirits, or good courage.

Heart-Wounded

HE`ART-WOUNDED, adjective Wounded with love or grief; deeply affected with some passion.

Pope.

Heart-Wounding

HE`ART-WOUNDING, adjective Piercing with grief.

Rowe.

Hearted

HE`ARTED, adjective Taken to heart. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. Composed of hearts. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. Laid up in the heart.

Shak.

This word is chiefly used in composition, as hard-hearted, faint-hearted, stout-hearted, &c.

Hearten

HE`ARTEN, v. t. h`artn. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate courage.

Sidney.

2. To restore fertility or strength to; as, to hearten land. [Little used.]

May.

Heartener

HE`ARTENER, noun He or that which gives courage or animation.

Brown.

Hearth

HE`ARTH, n. harth. [Saxon heorth; German herd; Dutch haard; Swedish h?rd.]

A pavement or floor of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made to warm a room, and from which there is a passage for the smoke to ascend.

Hearth-Money

HE`ARTH-MONEY, or HE`ARTH-PENNY, noun A tax on hearths.

Blackstone.

Heartily

HE`ARTILY, adverb [from hearty.] From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity; really.

I heartily forgive them.

Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously. He heartily assisted the prince.

3. Eagerly; freely; largely; as, to eat heartily.

Heartiness

HE`ARTINESS, noun Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnestness.

2. Eagerness of appetite.

Heartless

HE`ARTLESS, adjective Without courage; spiritless; faint-hearted.

Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground.

Dryden.

Heartlessly

HE`ARTLESSLY, adverb Without courage or spirit; faintly; timidly; feebly.

Heartlessness

HE`ARTLESSNESS, noun Want of courage or spirit; dejection of mind; feebleness.

Bp. Hall.

Hearty

HE`ARTY, adjective Having the heart engaged in any thing; sincere; warm; zealous; as, to be hearty in support of government.

2. Proceeding from the heart; sincere; warm; as a hearty welcome.

3. Being full of health; sound; strong; healthy; as a hearty man.

4. Strong; durable; as hearty timber. [Not used in America.]

Wotton.

5. Having a keen appetite; eating much; as a hearty eater.

6. Strong; nourishing; as hearty food.

Hearty-Hale

HE`ARTY-HALE, adjective Good for the heart. Obs.

Spenser.

Heat

HEAT, noun [Saxon heat, hoet; Dutch hitte; German hitze; Swedish hetta; Dutch hede; Latin oestus, for hoestus, or coestus. See the Verb.]

1. Heat, as a cause of sensation, that is, the matter of heat, is considered to be a subtil fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies. In modern chimistry, it is called caloric. It expands all bodies in different proportions, and is the cause of fluidity and evaporation. A certain degree of it is also essential to animal and vegetable life. Heat is latent, when so combined with other matter as not to be perceptible. It is sensible, when it is evolved and perceptible.

Lavoisier. Encyc.

2. Heat, as a sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from surrounding bodies, to the organs. When we touch or approach a hot body, the caloric or heat passes from that body to our organs of feeling, and gives the sensation of heat. On the contrary, when we touch a cold body, the caloric passes from the hand to that body, and causes a sensation of cold.

Lavoisier.

Note. This theory of heat seems not to be fully settled.

3. Hot air; hot weather; as the heat of the tropical climates.

4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of heat or caloric; as the heat of the body; the heat of a furnace; a red heat; a white heat; a welding heat.

5. The state of being once heated or hot. Give the iron another heat.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort.

Many causes are required for refreshment between the heats.

Dryden.

7. A single effort in running; a course at a race. Hector won at the first heat.

8. Redness of the face; flush.

Addison.

9. Animal excitement; violent action or agitation of the system. The body is all in a heat.

10. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as the heat of battle.

11. Violence; ardor; as the heat of party.

12. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation; as the heat of passion.

13. Ardor; fervency; animation in thought or discourse.

With all the strength and heat of eloquence.

Addison.

14. Fermentation.

Heat

HEAT, verb transitive [Saxon hatan, to call, to order, command or promise; gehatan, to call, to promise, to grow warm; hoetan, to heat, to command, to call; gahoetan, to promise; hoese, order, command; behoes, a vow; behoetan, to vow; onhoetan, to heat, to inflame; hatian, to heat, to be hot, to boil, to hate; hoet, heat, heat; hat, hot; hate, hatred, hate; Latin odi, osus, for hodi, hosus; Gothic hatyan, to hate; haitan, gahaitan, to call, to command, to vow or promise; German heiss, hot; heissen, to call; heitzen, to heat; hitze, heat, ardor, vehemence; geheiss, command; verheissen, to promise; hass, hate; hassen, to hate; Dutch heet, hot, eager, hasty; hitte, heat; heeten, to heat, to name or call, to be called, to command; haat, hate; haaten, to hate; verhitten, to inflame; Swedish het, hot; hetta, heat, passion; hetta, to be hot, to glow; heta, to be called or named; hat, hate, hatred; hata, to hate; Danish heed, hot; hede, heat, ardor; heder, to heat, to be called or named; had, hate; hader, to hate. With these words coincides the Latin oestus, for hoestus, heat, tide, Greek, to burn, and the English haste and hoist are probably of the same family. The primary and literal sense of all these words, is to stir, to rouse, to raise, to agitate, from the action of driving, urging, stimulating, whence Swedish hetsa, Danish hedser, to excite, to set on dogs. See Class Gd. No. 39, and others. It may be further added, that in Welsh cÃƒ-¢s is hatred, a castle, from the sense of separating; casau, to hate; and if this is of the same family, it unites castle with the foregoing words. In these words we see the sense of repulsion.]

1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to be hot; as, to heat an oven or a furnace; to heat iron.

2. To make feverish; as, to heat the blood.

3. To warm with passion or desire; to excite; to rouse into action.

A noble emulation heats your breast.

Dryden.

4. To agitate the blood and spirits with action; to excite animal action.

Dryden.

Heat

HEAT, verb intransitive To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or extrication of latent heat. Green hay heats in a mow, and green corn in a bin.

2. To grow warm or hot. The iron or the water heats slowly.

Heat

HEAT, for heated, is in popular use and pronounced het; but it is not elegant.

Heated

HE'ATED, participle passive Made hot; inflamed; exasperated.

Heater

HE'ATER, noun He or that which heats.

2. A triangular mass of iron, which is heated and put into a box-iron to heat it and keep it hot, for ironing or smoothing clothes. [This utensil is going into disuse.]

Heath

HEATH, noun [Saxon hoeth; Dutch and German heide; Danish hede; Swedish hed; Scot. haddyr; Welsh eiziar, connected with eiziaw, to take to or possess; the clinging plant.]

1. A plant of the genus Erica, of many species. It is a shrub which is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. Its leaves are small and continue green all the year. It is called also ling.

Miller. Encyc.

2. A place overgrown with heath.

Temple.

3. A place overgrown with shrubs of any kind.

Bacon.

Heathcock

HE'ATHCOCK, noun A large fowl which frequents heaths, a species of grouse.

Carew.

Heathpea

HE'ATHPEA, noun A species of bitter vetch, Orobus.

Johnson.

Heathpout

HE'ATHPOUT, noun A bird, the same as the heath-cock.

Ed. Encyc.

Heathrose

HE'ATHROSE, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Heathen

HE'ATHEN, noun [Saxon hoethen; German heide, heath, and a heathen or pagan; Dutch heiden; Danish Swedish hedning; Greek; from heath, that is, one who lives in the country or woods, as pagan from pagus, a village.]

1. A pagan; a Gentile; one who worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. In the Scriptures, the word seems to comprehend all nations except the Jews or Israelites, as they were all strangers to the true religion, and all addicted to idolatry. The word may now be applied perhaps to all nations, except to Christians and Mohammedans.

Heathen, without the plural termination, is used plurally or collectively, for Gentiles or heathen nations.

Ask of me, and I will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Psalm 2.

Heathen, however, has a plural, expressing two or more individuals.

If men have reason to be heathens in JapanÃ‚--

Locke.

The precepts and examples of the ancient heathens.

Addison.

2. A rude, illiterate, barbarous person.

Heathen

HE'ATHEN, adjective Gentile; pagan; as a heathen author.

Addison.

Heathenish

HE'ATHENISH, adjective Belonging to Gentiles or pagans; as heathenish rites.

2. Rude; illiterate; wild; uncivilized.

3. Barbarous; savage; cruel; rapacious.

Spenser.

Heathenishly

HE'ATHENISHLY, adverb After the manner of heathens.

Heathenism

HE'ATHENISM, noun Gentilism; paganism; ignorance of the true God; idolatry; the rites or system of religion of a pagan nation.

Hammond.

2. Rudeness; barbarism; ignorance.

Heathenize

HE'ATHENIZE, verb transitive To render heathen or heathenish.

Firmin.

Heather

HE'ATHER, noun Heath.

Heathy

HE'ATHY, adjective [from heath.] Full of heath; abounding with heath; as heathy land.

Mortimer.

Heating

HE'ATING, participle of the present tense Making warm or hot; inflaming; rousing the passions; exasperating.

2. adjective Tending to impart heat to; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as heating medicines or applications.

Heatless

HEAT'LESS, adjective Destitute of heat; cold.

Beaum.

Heave

HEAVE, v. t. heev. pret. heaved, or hove; pp. heaved, hove, formerly hoven. [Saxon heafan, hefan, heofan; Gothic hafyan; Swedish h?fva; Dutch heffen; German heben; Danish hoever, to heave; Greek, to breathe; id. Class Gb.]

1. To lift; to raise; to move upward.

So stretch'd out huge in length the arch fiend lay,

Chain'd on the burning lake, nor ever hence Had ris'n, or heaved his head.

Milton.

2. To cause to swell.

The glittering finny swarms That heave our friths and crowd upon our shores.

Thomson.

3. To raise or force from the breast; as, to heave a sigh or groan, which is accompanied with a swelling or expansion of the thorax.

4. To raise; to elevate; with high.

One heaved on high.

Shak.

5. To puff; to elate.

Hayward.

6. To throw; to cast; to send; as, to heave a stone. This is a common use of the word in popular language, and among seamen; as, to heave the lead.

7. To raise by turning a windlass; with up; as, to heave up the anchor. Hence,

8. To turn a windlass or capstern with bars or levers. Hence the order, to heave away.

To heave ahead, to draw a ship forwards.

To heave astern, to cause to recede; to draw back.

To heave down, to throw or lay down on one side; to careen.

To heave out, to throw out. With seamen, to loose or unfurl a sail, particularly the stay-sails.

To heave in stays, in tacking, to bring a ship's head to the wind.

To heave short, to draw so much of a cable into the ship, as that she is almost perpendicularly above the anchor.

To heave a strain, to work at the windlass with unusual exertion.

To heave taught, to turn a capstern, &c. till the rope becomes straight. [See Taught and Tight.]

To heave to, to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion.

To heave up, to relinquish; [so to throw up;] as, to heave up a design. [Vulgar.]

Heave

HEAVE, v. i. heev. To swell, distend or dilate; as, a horse heaves in panting. Hence,

2. To pant; to breathe with labor or pain; as, he heaves for breath.

Dryden.

3. To keck; to make an effort to vomit.

4. To rise in billows, as the sea; to swell.

5. To rise; to be lifted; as, a ship heaves.

6. To rise or swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost.

To heave in sight, to appear; to make its first appearance; as a ship at sea, or as a distant object approaching or being approached.

We observe that this verb has often the sense of raising or rising in an arch or circular form, as in throwing and in distention, and from this sense is derived its application to the apparent arch over our heads, heaven.

Heave

HEAVE, n. heev. A rising or swell; an exertion or effort upward.

None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle or swallow them.

Dryden.

2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the breast.

These profound heaves.

Shak.

3. An effort to vomit.

4. An effort to rise.

Hudibras.

Heaven

HEAVEN, n. hev'n. [Saxon heafen, hefen, heofen, from heafan, to heave, and signifying elevated or arched.]

1. The region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which appears above and around us, like an immense arch or vault, in which are seen the sun, moon and stars.

2. Among christians, the part of space in which the omnipresent Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible manifestations of his glory. Hence this is called the habitation of God, and is represented as the residence of angels and blessed spirits. Deuteronomy 26.

The sanctified heart loves heaven for its purity, and God for his goodness.

Buckminster.

3. Among pagans, the residence of the celestial gods.

4. The sky or air; the region of the atmosphere; or an elevated place; in a very indefinite sense. Thus we speak of a mountain reaching to heaven; the fowls of heaven; the clouds of heaven; hail or rain from heaven. Jeremiah 9. Job 35.

Their cities are walled to heaven. Deuteronomy 1.

5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens; the air or aerial heavens; the firmament in which the stars are supposed to be placed; and the heaven of heavens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah.

Brown.

6. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and around the earth into two parts, the atmosphere or aerial heaven and the etherial heaven beyond the region of the air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting medium called ether.

Encyc.

7. The Supreme Power; the Sovereign of heaven; God; as prophets sent by heaven.

I have sinned against heaven. Luke 15.

Shun the impious profaneness which scoffs at the institutions of heaven.

Dwight.

8. The pagan deities; celestials.

And show the heavens more just.

Shak.

9. Elevation; sublimity.

O! for a muse of fire, that would ascend The brightest heaven of invention.

Shak.

10. Supreme felicity; great happiness.

Heaven-Aspiring

HEAVEN-ASPI'RING, adjective Aspiring to heaven.

Akenside.

Heaven-Banished

HEAV'EN-BANISHED, adjective Banished from heaven.

Milton.

Heaven-Begot

HEAVEN-BEGOT', adjective Begot by a celestial being.

Dryden.

Heaven-Born

HEAV'EN-BORN, adjective Born from heaven; native of heaven, or of the celestial regions; as heaven-born sisters.

Pope.

Heaven-Bred

HEAV'EN-BRED, adjective Produced or cultivated in heaven; as heaven-bred poesy.

Shak.

Heaven-Built

HEAV'EN-BUILT, adjective Built by the agency or favor of the gods; as a heaven-built wall.

Pope.

Heaven-Directed

HEAVEN-DIRECT'ED, adjective Pointing to the sky; as a heaven-directed spire.

Pope.

2. Taught or directed by the celestial powers; as heaven-directed hands.

Pope.

Heaven-Fallen

HEAV'EN-FALLEN, adjective Fallen from heaven; having revolted from God.

Milton.

Heaven-Gifted

HEAV'EN-GIFTED, adjective Bestowed by heaven.

Milton.

Heaven-Inspired

HEAVEN-INSPI'RED, adjective Inspired by heaven.

Milton.

Heaven-Instructed

HEAVEN-INSTRUCT'ED, adjective Taught by heaven.

Crashaw.

Heavenize

HEAVENIZE, v. t. hev'nize. To render like heaven. [Unauthorized.]

Bp. Hall.

Heaven-Kissing

HEAV'EN-KISSING, adjective Touching as it were the sky.

Shak.

Heavenliness

HEAV'ENLINESS, noun [from heavenly.] Supreme excellence.

Davies.

Heaven-Loved

HEAV'EN-LOVED, adjective Beloved by heaven.

Milton.

Heavenly

HEAV'ENLY, adjective Pertaining to heaven; celestial; as heavenly regions; heavenly bliss.

2. Resembling heaven; supremely excellent; as a heavenly lyre; a heavenly temper.

The love of heaven makes one heavenly.

Sidney.

3. Inhabiting heaven; as a heavenly race; the heavenly throng.

Heavenly

HEAV'ENLY, adverb In a manner resembling that of heaven.

Where heavenly pensive contemplation dwells.

Pope.

2. By the influence or agency of heaven.

Our heavenly guided soul shall climb.

Milton.

Heavenly-Minded

HEAVENLY-MINDED, adjective Having the affections placed on heaven, and on spiritual things.

Milner.

Heavenly-Mindedness

HEAVENLY-MINDEDNESS, noun The state of having the affections placed on heavenly things and spiritual objects.

Milner.

Heaven-Saluting

HEAVEN-SALU'TING, adjective Touching the sky.

Crashaw.

Heavenward

HEAV'ENWARD, adverb Toward heaven.

Prior.

Heaven-Warring

HEAV'EN-WARRING, adjective Warring against heaven.

Milton.

Heave-Offering

HE'AVE-OFFERING, noun Among the Jews, an offering consisting of the tenth of the tithes which the Levites received, or of the first of the dough, &c. which was to be heaved or elevated. Numbers 15 and 18.

Heaver

HE'AVER, noun One who heaves or lifts. Among seamen, a staff for a lever.

Heaves

HEAVES, n. heevz. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult and laborious respiration.

Heavily

HEAV'ILY, adv. hev'ily. [from heavy.] With great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded.

2. With great weight of grief; grievously; afflictively. When calamities fall heavily on the christian, he finds consolation in Christ.

3. Sorrowfully; with grief.

I came hither to transport the tidings, Which I have heavily borne.

Shak.

4. With an air of sorrow or dejection.

Why looks your Grace so heavily to day?

Shak.

5. With weight; oppressively. Taxes sometimes bear heavily on the people.

6. Slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; as, to move heavily.

So they drove them heavily. Exodus 14.

Heaviness

HEAV'INESS, n. hev'iness. Weight; ponderousness; gravity; the quality of being heavy; as the heaviness of a body.

2. Sadness; sorrow; dejection of mind; depression of spirits.

Heaviness in the heart of man maketh it stoop. Proverbs 12.

Ye greatly rejoice, though now for a season ye are in heaviness, through manifold temptations. 1 Peter 1.

3. Sluggishness; torpidness; dullness of spirit; languidness; languor; lassitude.

What means this heaviness that hangs upon me ?

Addison.

5. Weight; burden; oppression; as, the heaviness of taxes.

6. That which it requires great strength to move or overcome; that which creates labor and difficulty; as the heaviness of a draught.

7. Thickness; moistness; deepness; as the heaviness of ground or soil.

8. Thickness; moistness; as of air.

Heaving

HE'AVING, participle of the present tense Lifting; swelling; throwing; panting; making an effort to vomit.

Heaving

HE'AVING, noun A rising or swell; a panting.

Addison. Shak.

Heavy

HEAV'Y, a. hev'y. [Saxon heafig, hefig, that is, lift-like, lifted with labor, from heafan, to heave.]

1. Weighty; ponderous; having great weight; tending strongly to the center of attraction; contrary to light; applied to material bodies; as a heavy stone; a heavy load.

2. Sad; sorrowful; dejected; depressed in mind.

A light wife makes a heavy husband.

Shak.

So is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart. Proverbs 25.

3. Grievous; afflictive; depressing to the spirits; as heavy news; a heavy calamity.

4. Burdensome; oppressive; as heavy taxes.

Make thy father's heavy yokeÃ‚--lighter. 1 Kings 12.

5. Wanting life and animation; dull.

My heavy eyes you say confess

A heart to love and grief inclined.

Prior.

6. Drowsy; dull.

Their eyes were heavy. Matthew 26. Luke 9.

7. Wanting spirit or animation; destitute of life or rapidity of sentiment; dull; as a heavy writer; a heavy style.

8. Wanting activity or vivacity; indolent.

But of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind.

Dryden.

9. Slow; sluggish. He walks with a heavy gait.

10. Burdensome; tedious; as heavy hours.

Time lies heavy on him who has no employment.

11. Loaded; encumbered; burdened.

He found his men heavy, and laden with booty.

Bacon.

12. Lying with weight on the stomach; not easily digested; as, oily food is heavy to the stomach.

13. Moist; deep; soft; miry; as heavy land; a heavy soil. We apply heavy to soft loamy or clayey land, which makes the draught of a plow or wagon difficult and laborious. So we say, a heavy road.

14. Difficult; laborious; as a heavy draught.

15. Weary; supported with pain or difficulty.

And the hands of Moses were heavy. Exodus 17.

16. Inflicting severe evils, punishments or judgments.

The hand of the Lord was heavy on them of Ashdod. I Samaritan v.

17. Burdensome; occasioning great care.

This thing is too heavy for thee. Exodus 18.

18. Dull; not hearing; inattentive.

Neither his ears heavy, that he cannot hear. Isaiah 59.

19. Large, as billows; swelling and rolling with great force; as a heavy sea.

20. Large in amount; as a heavy expense; a heavy debt.

21. Thick; dense; black; as a heavy cloud.

22. Violent; tempestuous; as a heavy wind or gale.

23. Large; abundant; as a heavy fall of snow or rain.

24. Great; violent; forcible; as a heavy fire of cannon or small arms.

25. Not raised by leaven or fermentation; not light; clammy; as heavy bread.

26. Requiring much labor or much expense; as a heavy undertaking.

27. Loud; as heavy thunder.

Heavy metal, in military affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large size, or it is applied to large balls themselves.

Heavy

HEAVY, adv. hev'y. With great weight; used in composition.

Heavy

HEAVY, v. t. hev'y. To make heavy. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Heavy-Handed

HEAV'Y-HANDED, adjective Clumsy; not active or dextrous.

Heavy-Laden

HEAVY-LA'DEN, adjective Laden with a heavy burden.

Heavy Spar

HEAVY SPAR, noun [See Baryte.] A genus of minerals of four species, viz. rhomboidal, prismatic, di-prismatic and axifrangible.

Jameson.

Hebdomad

HEB'DOMAD, noun [Greek, seven days, from, seven; Latin hebdomada.]

A week; a period of seven days. [Not used.]

Brown.

Hebdomadal

HEBDOM'ADAL, or HEBDOM'ADARY, adjective Weekly; consisting of seven days, or occurring every seven days.

Brown.

Hebdomadary

HEBDOM'ADARY, noun A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, rehearse the anthems and prayers, and perform other services, which on extraordinary occasions are performed by the superiors.

Hebdomatical

HEBDOMAT'ICAL, adjective Weekly.

Bp.Morton.

Heben

HEB'EN, noun Ebony.

Spenser.

Hebetate

HEB'ETATE, v.t. [Latin hebeto, from hebes, dull, blunt, heavy.]

To dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the intellectual faculties.

Arbuthnot.

Hebetated

HEB'ETATED, participle of the present tense Made blunt, dull or stupid.

Hebetating

HEB'ETATING, participle passive Rendering blunt, dull or stupid.

Hebetation

HEBETA'TION, noun The act of making blunt, dull or stupid.

2. The state of being dulled.

Hebete

HEBE'TE, adjective Dull; stupid. Obs.

Hebetude

HEB'ETUDE, noun [Latin hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity.

Harvey.

Hebraic

HEBRA'IC, adjective [from Hebrew.] Pertaining to the Hebrews; designating the language of the Hebrews.

Hebraically

HEBRA'ICALLY, adverb After the manner of the Hebrews language; from right to left.

Swift.

Hebraism

HE'BRAISM, noun A Hebrews 1diom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrews language.

Hebraist

HE'BRAIST, noun One versed in the Hebrews language.

Hebraize

HE'BRAIZE, verb transitive To convert into the Hebrews idiom; to make Hebrew.

J.P. Smith.

Hebraize

HE'BRAIZE, verb intransitive To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrews.

Hebrew

HE'BREW, noun [Hebrew Eber, either a proper name, or a name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond the Euphrates.]

One of the descendants of Eber, or Heber; but particularly, a descendant of Jacob, who was a descendant of Eber; an Israelite; a Jew.

2. The Hebrews language.

Hebrew

HE'BREW, adjective Pertaining to the Hebrews; as the Hebrews language or rites.

Hebrewess

HE'BREWESS, noun An Israelitish woman.

Hebrician

HEBRI'CIAN, noun One skilled in the Hebrews language.

Hebridian

HEBRID'IAN, adjective Pertaining to the isles called Hebrides, west of Scotland.

Johnson.

Hecatomb

HEC'ATOMB, noun [Latin hecatombe; Greek; a hundred, and, an ox.]

In antiquity, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind, and it is said, at a hundred altars, and by a hundred priests.

Encyc.

Heck

HECK, noun [See Hatch.] An engine or instrument for catching fish; as a salmon heck.

Chambers.

2. A rack for holding fodder for cattle. [Local.]

Ray.

3. A bend in a stream. [German ecke, a corner.]

4. A hatch or latch of a door. [Local.]

Grose.

Heckle

HECK'LE, verb transitive A different orthography of hackle, or hetchel.

Hectare

HEC'TARE, noun [Greek, a hundred, and Latin area.]

A French measure containing a hundred ares, or ten thousand square meters.

Lunier.

Hectic

HEC'TIC, or HEC'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, habit of body, from, to have.]

Habitual; denoting a slow, continual fever, marked by preternatural, though remitting heat, which precedes and accompanies the consumption or phthisis; as a hectic fever.

Encyc.

2. Affected with hectic fevers; as a hectic patient.

3. Troubled with a morbid heat.

No hectic student scares the gentle maid.

Taylor.

Hectic

HEC'TIC, noun A hectic, or habitual fever.

Shak.

Hectically

HEC'TICALLY, adverb Constitutionally.

Johnson.

Hectogram

HEC'TOGRAM, noun [Greek, a hundred, and, a gram.]

In the French system of weights and measures, a weight containing a hundred grams; equal to 3 ounces, 2 gros, and 12 grains, French.

Lunier.

Hectoliter

HEC'TOLITER, noun [Greek, a hundred, and, a pound.]

A French measure of capacity for liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, or 107 Paris pints.

As a dry measure, it is called a setier, and contains 10 decaliters or bushels [boisseaux.]

Lunier.

Hectometer

HECTOM'ETER, noun [Greek, a hundred, and, measure.]

A French measure equal to a hundred meters; the meter being the unit of lineal measure. It is equivalent nearly to 308 French feet.

Lunier.

Hector

HEC'TOR, noun [from Hector, the son of Priam, a brave Trojan warrior.]

1. A bully; a blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow.

2. One who teases or vexes.

Hector

HEC'TOR, verb transitive To threaten; to bully; to treat with insolence.

Dryden.

2. To tease; to vex; to torment by words.

Hector

HEC'TOR, verb intransitive To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent.

Swift.

Hectored

HEC'TORED, participle passive Bullied; teased.

Hectoring

HEC'TORING, participle of the present tense Bullying; blustering; vexing.

Hectorism

HEC'TORISM, noun The disposition or practice of a hector; a bullying.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Hectorly

HEC'TORLY, adjective Blustering; insolent.

Barrow.

Hedenbergite

HEDENBERG'ITE, noun [from Hedenberg, who first analysed it.]

A mineral, or ore of iron, in masses, composed of shining plates, which break into rhombic fragments; found at Tunaberg, in Sweden.

Cleaveland.

Hederaceous

HEDERA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin hederaceus, from hedera, ivy; Welsh eizaw, ivy, from holding, clinging; eiziaw, to possess. See Heath.]

1. Pertaining to ivy.

2. Producing ivy.

Hederal

HED'ERAL, adjective Composed of ivy; belonging to ivy.

Bailey.

Hederiferous

HEDERIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin hedera, ivy, and fero, to bear.] Producing ivy.

Hedge

HEDGE, noun hej. [Saxon hege, heag, hoeg, hegge; German heck; Dutch heg, haag; Danishhekke or hek; Swedish h?gn, hedge, protection; French haie; Welsh cae. Hence haw, and

Hague in Holland. Arabic ? a species of thorny plant.]

Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or other shrubs or small trees; but appropriately, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate the parts of a garden.

Hedge, prefixed to another word, or in composition, denotes something mean, as a hedge-priest, a hedge-press, a hedge-vicar, that is, born in or belonging to the hedges or woods, low, outlandish. [Not used in America.]

Hedge

HEDGE, v. t. hej. To inclose with a hedge; to fence with a thicket of shrubs or small trees; to separate by a hedge; as, to hedge a field or garden.

2. To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any manner.

I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hosea 2.

3. To surround for defense; to fortify.

England hedged in with the main.

Shak.

4. To inclose for preventing escape.

That is a law to hedge in the cuckow.

Locke.

Dryden, Swift and Shakspeare have written hedge for edge, to edge in, but improperly.

Hedge

HEDGE, v. i. hej. To hide, as in a hedge; to hide; to skulk.

Shak.

Hedge-Bill

HEDGE-BILL, or HEDGING-BILL, noun A cutting hook used in dressing hedges.

Hedge-Born

HEDGE-BORN, adjective Of low birth, as if born in the woods; outlandish; obscure.

Shak.

Hedge-Bote

HEDGE-BOTE, noun Wood for repairing hedges.

Blackstone.

Hedge-Creeper

HEDGE-CREEPER, noun One who skulks under hedges for bad purposes.

Hedge-Fumitory

HEDGE-FU'MITORY, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Hedgehog

HEDGEHOG, noun A quadruped, or genus of quadrupeds, the Erinaceus. The common hedgehog has round ears, and crested nostrils; his body is about nine inches long, and the upper part is covered with prickles or spines, and the under part with hair. When attacked, this animal erects his prickles and rolls himself into a round form, which presents the points of the prickles on all sides to an assailant.

Encyc.

2. A term of reproach.

Shak.

3. A plant of the genus Medicago, or snailtrefoil. The seeds are shaped like a snail, downy, and armed with a few short spines.

Encyc.

4. The globe-fish, orbis echinatus.

Ainsworth.

This fish belongs to the genus Diodon. It is covered with long spines, and has the power of inflating its body, whence the name globe-fish [French orbe.]

Cuvier.

The Sea-hedgehog, is the Echinus, a genus of Zoophytes, generally of a spheroidal or oval form, and covered with movable spines.

Cuvier. Cyc.

Hedgehog-Thistle

HEDGEHOG-THISTLE, noun A plant, the Cactus.

Fam. of Plants.

Hedge-Hyssop

HEDGE-HYSSOP, noun A plant, the Gratiola.

Hedge-Mustard

HEDGE-MUSTARD, noun A plant, the Erysimum.

Hedge-Nettle

HEDGE-NETTLE, noun A plant, the Galeopsis. The shrubby hedge-nettle is of the genus Prasium.

Hedge-Note

HEDGE-NOTE, adjective A term of contempt for low writing.

Dryden.

Hedgepig

HEDGEPIG, noun A young hedgehog.

Shak.

Hedgerow

HEDGEROW, noun A row or series of shrubs or trees planted for inclosure, or separation of fields.

Milton.

Hedge-Sparrow

HEDGE-SPARROW, noun A bird of the genus Motacilla, frequenting hedges; distinguished from the sparrow that builds in thatch.

Encyc. Johnson.

Hedge-Writer

HEDGE-WRITER, noun A Grub-street writer or low author.

Swift.

Hedger

HEDG'ER, noun One who makes hedges.

Hedging

HEDG'ING, participle of the present tense Inclosing with a hedge; obstructing; confining.

Heed

HEED, v.t. [Saxon hedan; German hÃƒ-¼ten; Dutch hoeden; Greek; Spanish and Portugese cuidar.]

To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.

With pleasure Argus the musician heeds.

Dryden.

Heed

HEED, noun Care; attention.

With wanton heed and giddy cunning.

Milton.

2. Caution; care; watch for danger; notice; circumspection; usually preceded by take.

Take heed of evil company. Take heed to your ways.

Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Samuel 20.

3. Notice; observation; regard; attention; often preceded by give.

The preacher gave good heed. Ecclesiastes 12.

Neither give heed to fables. 1 Timothy 1.

Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed. Hebrews 2.

4. Seriousness; a steady look.

A heed Was in his countenance. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Heeded

HEE'DED, participle passive Noticed; observed; regarded.

Heedful

HEE'DFUL, adjective Attentive; observing; giving heed; as heedful of advice.

Pope.

2. Watchful; cautious; circumspect; wary.

Heedfully

HEE'DFULLY, adverb Attentively; carefully; cautiously. Listen headfully to good advice.

2. Watchfully.

Heedfulness

HEE'DFULNESS, noun Attention; caution; vigilance; circumspection; care to guard against danger, or to perform duty.

Heedless

HEE'DLESS, adjective Inattentive; careless; negligent of the means of safety; thoughtless; regardless; unobserving. We say, heedless children; heedless of danger or surprise.

The heedless lover does not know,

Whose eyes they are that wound him so.

Waller.

Heedlessly

HEE'DLESSLY, adverb Carelessly; negligently; inattentively; without care or circumspection.

Brown.

Heedlessness

HEE'DLESSNESS, noun Inattention; carelessness; thoughtlessness; negligence.

Locke.

Heel

HEEL, noun [Saxon hel, hela; Dutch hiel; Swedish h?l; Danish hoel; Latin calx. Qu. its alliance to Greek, a tumor.]

1. The hind part of the foot, particularly of man; but it is applied also to the corresponding part of the feet of quadrupeds.

2. The whole foot.

The stag recalls his strength, his speed,

His winged heelsÃ‚--

Denham.

3. The hind part of a shoe, either for man or beast.

4. The part of a stocking intended for the heel.

To be out at the heels, is to have on stockings that are worn out.

5. Something shaped like the human heel; a protuberance or knob.

Mortimer.

6. The latter part; as, a bill was introduced into the legislature at the heel of the session.

7. A spur.

This horse understands the heel well.

Encyc.

8. The after end of a ship's keel; the lower end of the stern-post to which it is connected; also, the lower end of a mast.

To be at the heels, to pursue closely; to follow-hard; also, to attend closely.

Hungry want is at my heels.

Otway.

To show the heels, to flee; to run from.

To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight.

To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to confine.

Addison.

To have the heels of, to outrun.

Neck and heels, the whole length of the body.

Heel

HEEL, verb intransitive To dance.

Shak.

Heel

HEEL, verb transitive To arm a cock.

Johnson.

2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.

Heel

HEEL, verb intransitive [Saxon hyldan, to lean or incline; Dutch hellen; Danish helder; Swedish h?lla, to tilt.]

To incline; to lean; as a ship; as, the ship heels a-port, or a-starboard.

Encyc.

Heeler

HEE'LER, noun A cock that strikes well with his heels.

Heel-Piece

HEE'L-PIECE, noun Armor for the heels.

Chesterfield.

2. A piece of lether on the heel of a shoe.

Heft

HEFT, noun [Saxon hefe, from hefan, to heave, to lift.]

1. Heaving; effort.

He cracks his gorge, his sides,

With violent hefts. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. Weight; ponderousness. [This use is common in popular language in America. And we sometimes hear it used as a verb, as, to heft, to lift for the purpose of feeling or judging of the weight.]

3. [Dutch heft.] A handle; a haft. [Not used.]

Waller.

Hefted

HEFT'ED, adjective Heaved; expressing agitation.

Shak.

Hegira

HEGI'RA, noun [Arabic from hajara, to remove, to desert.]

In chronology, an epoch among the Mohammedans, from which they compute time. The event which gave rise to it was the flight of Mohammed from Mecca; from which the magistrates, fearing his impostures might raise a sedition, expelled him, July 10, A. Dutch 622, under the reign of the emperor Heraclius.

Harris. Encyc.

Heifer

HEIF'ER, noun hef'er. [Saxon heafre, heahfore, heafore. Qu.Hebrew.]

A young cow.

Pope.

Heigh-Ho

HEIGH-HO. hi-ho. An exclamation expressing some degree of languor or uneasiness. Dryden has used it for the voice of exultation.

Height

HEIGHT, or HIGHTH, or HIGHT, noun hite, or hith. [Saxon heahtho, heatho, hehthe, heotho, hethe, hihth, hyhthe, contracted or changed from heagthe, or higeth, or highthe; German hÃƒ-¶he, hoheit; Dutch hoogte; Swedish h?ghet, h?gd; Danish hÃƒ-¶jde, hÃƒ-¶hed. This word is formed from heah, hoh, hog, now high, and as the orthography is unsettled, I should prefer to form it regularly from the present English word high, and write it highth, or hight. The common popular pronunciation highth, or hithe, is most regular, but in the plural hights is most easily pronounced.]

1. Elevation above the ground; any indefinite distance above the earth. The eagle flies at a great hight, or highth.

2. The altitude of an object; the distance which any thing rises above its foot, basis or foundation; as the hight, or highth of a tower or steeple.

3. Elevation of a star or other celestial luminary above the horizon.

4. Degree of latitude either north or south. In this application, the distance from the equator is considered as elevation. Latitudes are higher as they approach the pole.

Johnson.

Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south.

Abbot.

5. Distance of one thing above another.

6. An eminence; a summit; an elevated part of any thing.

7. A hill or mountain; any elevated ground; as the hights of Dorchester.

8. Elevation of rank; station of dignity or office.

By him that raised me to this careful height.

Shak.

9. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts.

10. Elevation in fame or reputation.

11. Utmost degree in extent or violence; as the highth or hight of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly, of happiness, of good breeding. So we say, the hight of a tempest.

12. Utmost exertion.

I shall now put you to the height of your breeding.

Shak.

13. Advance; degree; progress towards perfection or elevation; speaking comparatively.

Social duties are carried to a greater heightÃ‚-- by the principles of our religion.

Addison.

Heighten

HEIGHTEN, v. t. hitn. To raise higher; but not often used in this literal sense.

2. To advance in progress towards a better state; to improve; to meliorate; to increase in excellence or good qualities; as, to highten virtue; to highten the beauties of description, or of poetry.

3. To aggravate; to advance towards a worse state; to augment in violence.

Foreign states have endeavored to highten our confusions.

Addison.

4. To increase; as, to highten our relish for intellectual pleasure.

Heightened

HEIGHTENED, pp. hitnd. Raised higher; elevated; exalted; advanced; improved; aggrevated; increased.

Heightening

HEIGHTENING, ppr. hitning. Raising; elevating; exalting; improving; increasing; aggravating.

Heightening

HEIGHTENING, n. hitning. The act of elevating; increase of excellence; improvement.

Dryden.

2. Aggravation; augmentation.

Heinous

HEINOUS, adjective an incorrect orthography. [See Hainous.]

Heir

HEIR, n. are. [Norm. hier, here; Armoric hear, haer; Spanish heredero; Portugese herdeiro; French heritier; Italian erede; Latin hoeres, hoeredis, from the verb, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Arabic warata, to become an heir, to inherit. The primary sense is to seize, or rush on and take, or to expel and dispossess others, and take their property, according to the practice of rude nations. We observe in the Hebrew and Ethiopic, the last consonant is a sibilant, as in the Latin nominative, but the oblique cases in the Latin correspond with the Arabic word whose final consonant is a dental. See Class Rd. No 51. 52. 68.]

1. The man who succeeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by descent; the man on whom the law casts an estate of inheritance by the death of the ancestor or former possessor; or the man in whom the title to an estate of inheritance is vested by the operation of law, on the death of a former owner.

We give the title to a person who is to inherit after the death of an ancestor, and during his life, as well as to the person who has actually come into possession. A man's children are his heirs. In most monarchies, the king's eldest son is heir to the throne; and a nobleman's eldest son is heir to his title.

Lo, one born in my house is my heir. Genesis 15.

2. One who inherits, or takes from an ancestor. The son is often heir to the disease, or to the miseries of the father.

3. One who succeeds to the estate of a former possessor. Jeremiah 49. Micah 1.

4. One who is entitled to possess. In Scripture, saints are called heirs of the promise, heirs of righteousnes, heirs of salvation, &c., by virtue of the death of Christ, or of God's gracious promises.

Heir-presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right of inheritance may be defeated by any contingency, as by the birth of a nearer relative.

Encyc.

Heir

HEIR, v. t. are. To inherit; to take possession of an estate of inheritance, after the death of the ancestor.

Dryden.

Heir-Apparent

HEIR-APPA'RENT, noun The man who, during the life of his ancestor, is entitled to succeed to his estate or crown.

Heirdom

HEIRDOM, n. aredom. Succession by inheritance.

Burke.

Heiress

HEIRESS, n. aress. A female heir; a female that inherits, or is entitled to inherit an estate; an inheritrix.

Heirless

HEIRLESS, a. areless. Destitute of an heir.

Heir-Loom

HEIR-LOOM, n. areloom. [heir and Saxon loma, geloma, andloman, utensils, vessels:]

Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law descends to the heir with the house or freehold; as tables, cupboards, bedsteads, &c.

Law.

Heirship

HEIRSHIP, n. areship. The state, character or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.

Johnson.

2. Heirship movables, in Scotland, the best of certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate.

Encyc.

Held

HELD, preterit tense and participle passive of hold. A court was held in Westminster hall. At a council held on the first of January.

Hele

HELE, verb transitive [Latin celo.] To hide. Obs.

Gower.

Heliacal

HELI'ACAL, adjective [Latin heliacus; French heliaque; from Greek, the sun, Welsh haul.]

Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it. The heliacal rising of a star, is when, after being in conjunction with it and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star, is when the sun approaches so near as to render it invisible by its superior splendor.

Encyc.

Heliacally

HELI'ACALLY, adverb A star rises heliacally, when it emerges from the sun's light, so as to be visible. [See the preceding word.]

Helical

HEL'ICAL, adjective [Greek, a scroll, or spiral body.]

Spiral; winding; moving round.

Wilkins.

Helicite

HEL'ICITE, noun [See Helix.] Fossil remains of the helix, a shell.

Heling

HE'LING, noun [from hele, obs.; Latin celo.] The covering of the roof of a building; written also hilling. [Not used in the U. States.]

Heliocentric

HELIOCENT'RIC, adjective [French heliocentrique; Greek, the sun, and, center.]

The heliocentric place of a planet, is the place of the ecliptic in which the planet would appear to a spectator at the center of the sun.

The heliocentric latitude of a planet, is the inclination of a line drawn between the center of the sun and the center of a planet to the plane of the ecliptic.

Encyc.

Helioid parabola, in mathematics, the parabolic spiral, a curve which arises from the supposition that the axis of the common Apollonian parabola is bent round into the periphery of a circle, and is a line then passing through the extremities of the ordinates, which now converge towards the center of the said circle.

Harris.

Heliolater

HELIOL'ATER, noun [Greek, the sun, and, to worship.]

A worshiper of the sun.

Drummond.

Heliolatry

HELIOL'ATRY, noun [Greek, the sun, and, service, worship.]

The worship of the sun, a branch of Sabianism.

Heliometer

HELIOM'ETER, noun [Greek, the sun, and, to measure.]

An instrument for measuring with exactness the diameter of the heavenly bodies. It is called also astrometer.

Encyc.

Helioscope

HE'LIOSCOPE, noun [Greek, the sun, and, to view.]

A sort of telescope fitted for viewing the sun without pain or injury to the eyes, as when made with colored glasses, or glasses blackened with smoke.

Encyc.

Heliostate

HE'LIOSTATE, noun [Greek, the sun, and.]

An instrument by which a sunbeam may be steadily directed to one spot.

Edin. Encyc. Ure.

Heliotrope

HE'LIOTROPE, noun [Greek, the sun, and, to turn.]

1. Among the ancients, an instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and the equinoctial line.

Encyc.

2. A genus of plants, the turnsole.

3. A mineral, a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz, of a deep green color, peculiarly pleasant to the eye. It is usually variegated with blood red or yellowish dots, and is more or less translucent. Before the blowpipe, it loses its color. It is generally supposed to be chalcedony, colored by green earth or chlorite.

Cleaveland. Ure.

Helispheric

HELISPHER'IC, or HELISPHER'ICAL, adjective [helix and sphere.]

Spiral. The helispherical line is the rhomb line in navigation, so called because on the globe it winds round the pole spirally, coming nearer and nearer to it, but never terminating in it.

Harris.

Helix

HE'LIX, noun [Greek, a winding.] A spiral line; a winding; or something that is spiral; as a winding staircase in architecture, or a caulicule or little volute under the flowers of the Corinthian capital. In anatomy, the whole circuit or extent of the auricle, or external border of the ear.

Encyc.

2. In zoology, the snail-shell.

Hell

HELL, noun [Saxon hell, helle; German hÃƒ-¶lle; Dutch hel, helle; Swedish helvete; Danish helvede. Qu. hole, a deep place, or from Saxon helan, to cover.]

1. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death. Matthew 10. Luke 12.

Sin is hell begun, as religion is heaven anticipated.

J.Lathrop.

2. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the lower regions, or the grave; called in Hebrew, sheol, and by the Greeks, hades. Psalm 16. Jonah 2.

3. The pains of hell, temporal death, or agonies that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the grave. Psalm 18.

4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Satan and his instruments. Matthew 16.

5. The infernal powers.

While Saul and hell cross'd his strong fate in vain.

Cowley.

6. The place at a running play to which are carried those who are caught.

Sidney.

7. A place into which a tailor throws his shreds.

Hudibras.

8. A dungeon or prison. Obs.

Hellblack

HELL'BLACK, adjective Black as hell.

Shak.

Hell-Born

HELL'-BORN, adjective Born in hell.

Hell-Bred

HELL'-BRED, adjective Produced in hell.

Spenser.

Hell-Brewed

HELL'-BREWED, adjective Prepared in hell.

Hell-Broth

HELL'-BROTH, noun A composition for infernal purposes.

Shak.

Hell-Cat

HELL'-CAT, noun A witch; a hag.

Middleton.

Hell-Confounding

HELL-CONFOUND'ING, adjective Defeating the infernal powers.

Beaum.

Hell-Doomed

HELL'-DOOMED, adjective Doomed or consigned to hell.

Milton.

Hell-Governed

HELL'-GOVERNED, adjective Directed by hell.

Shak.

Hell-Hag

HELL'-HAG, noun A hag of hell.

Hell-Hated

HELL'-HATED, adjective Abhorred as hell.

Shak.

Hell-Haunted

HELL'-HAUNTED, adjective Haunted by the devil.

Dryden.

Hell-Hound

HELL'-HOUND, noun A dog of hell; an agent of hell.

Dryden. Milton.

Hell-Kite

HELL'-KITE, noun A kite of an infernal breed.

Shak.

Hel-Lebore

HEL'-LEBORE, noun [Latin helleborus; Greek.]

The name of several plants of different genera, the most important of which are the black hellebore, Christmas rose, or Christmas flower, of the genus Helleborus, and the white hellebore, of the genus Veratrum. Both are acrid and poisonous, and are used in medicine as evacuants and alteratives.

Cyc.

Helleborism

HEL'LEBORISM, noun A medicinal preparation of hellebore.

Ferrand.

Hellenian

HELLE'NIAN, or HELLEN'IC, adjective [Greek,.]

Pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece, so called from Hellas in Greece, or from Hellen.

Hellenism

HEL'LENISM, noun [Greek.] A phrase in the idiom, genius or construction of the Greek language.

Addison.

Hellenist

HEL'LENIST, noun [Greek.] A Grecian Jew; a Jew who used the Greek language.

Campbell. Encyc.

2. One skilled in the Greek language.

Hellenistic

HELLENIS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to the Hellenists. The Hellenistic language was the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in Egypt and other countries, where the Greek language prevailed.

Campbell.

Hellenistically

HELLENIS'TICALLY, adverb According to the Hellenistic dialect.

Gregory.

Hellenize

HEL'LENIZE, verb intransitive To use the Greek language.

Hammond.

Hellespont

HEL'LESPONT, noun A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Dardanelles; a part of the passage between the Euxine and the Egean sea.

Hellespontine

HELLESPONT'INE, adjective Pertaining to the Hellespont.

Mitford.

Hellier

HEL'LIER, noun A tiler or slater. [See Hele.] [Not in use.]

Hellish

HELL'ISH, adjective Pertaining to hell.

Sidney.

2. Like hell in qualities; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable.

South.

Hellishly

HELL'ISHLY, adverb Infernally; with extreme malignity; wickedly; detestably.

Bp. Barlow.

Hellishness

HELL'ISHNESS, noun The qualities of hell or of its inhabitants; extreme wickedness, malignity or impiety.

Hellward

HELL'WARD, adverb Towards hell.

Pope.

Helly

HELL'Y, adjective Having the qualities of hell.

Anderson.

Helm

HELM, a termination, denotes defense; as in Sighelm, victorious defense. [See Helmet.]

Helm

HELM, noun [Saxon helma; German helm, a helm, and a helve; Dutch Danish helm; Swedish hielm; called in some dialects helm-stock, which must be the tiller only; probably from the root of hold.]

1. The instrument by which a ship is steered, consisting of a rudder, a tiller, and in large vessels, a wheel. [See Rudder.]

Mar. Dict.

2. Station of government; the place of direction or management; as, to be at the helm in the administration.

Helm

HELM, verb transitive To steer; to guide; to direct. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To cover with a helmet.

Milton.

Helm

HELM, or HELM'ET, noun [Saxon helm. See Helm.] Defensive armor for the head; a head-piece; a morion. The helmet is worn by horsemen to defend the head against the broad sword.

2. The part of a coat of arms that bears the crest.

Johnson.

3. The upper part of a retort.

Boyle.

4. In botany, the upper lip of a ringent corol.

Martyn.

Helmed

HELM'ED, or HELM'ETED, adjective Furnished with a helmet.

Helminthic

HELMIN'THIC, adjective [Greek, a worm.]

Expelling worms.

Helminthic

HELMIN'THIC, noun A medicine for expelling worms.

Coxe.

Helminthologic

HELMINTHOLOG'IC, or HELMINTHOLOG'ICAL, noun [See Helminthology.]

Pertaining to worms or vermes, or to their history.

Helminthologist

HELMINTHOL'OGIST, noun One who is versed in the natural history of vermes.

Helminthology

HELMINTHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a worm, and, discourse.]

The science or knowledge of vermes; the description and natural history of vermes.

Ed. Encyc.

Helmless

HELM'LESS, adjective Destitute of a helmet.

Barlow.

2. Without a helm.

Helmsman

HELMS'MAN, noun The man at the helm.

Helmwind

HELM'WIND, noun A wind in the mountainous parts of England, so called.

Burn.

Helotism

HE'LOTISM, noun Slavery; the condition of the Helots, slaves in Sparta.

Stephens.

Help

HELP, verb transitive a regular verb; the old past tense and participle holp and holpen being obsolete. [Welsh helpu; Saxon helpan, hylpan; German helfen; Dutch helpen; Swedish hielpa; Danish hielper; Gothic hilpan.]

1. To aid; to assist; to lend strength or means towards effecting a purpose; as, to help a man in his work; to help another in rasing a building; to help one to pay his debts; to help the memory or the understanding.

2. To assist; to succor; to lend means of deliverance; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison.

3. To relieve; to cure, or to mitigate pain or disease.

Help and ease them, but by no means bemoan them.

Locke.

The true calamus helps a cough.

Gerard.

Sometimes with of; as, to help one of blindness.

Shak.

4. To remedy; to change for the better.

Cease to lament for what thou cans't not help.

Shak.

5. To prevent; to hinder. The evil approaches, and who can help it?

6. To forbear; to avoid.

I cannot help remarking the resemblance between him and our authorÃ‚--

Pope.

To help forward, to advance by assistance.

To help on, to forward; to promote by aid.

To help out, to aid in delivering from difficulty, or to aid in completing a design.

The god of learning and of light,

Would want a god himself to help him out.

Swift.

To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over a difficulty.

To help off, to remove by help; as, to help off time. [Unusual.]

Locke.

To help to, to supply with; to furnish with.

Whom they would help to a kingdom. I Maccabees.

Also, to present to at table; as, to help one to a glass of wine.

Help

HELP, verb intransitive To lend aid; to contribute strength or means.

A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person.

Garth.

To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.

Help

HELP, noun [Welsh help.] Aid; assistance; strength or means furnished towards promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress.

Give us help from trouble; for vain is the help of man. Psalm 60.

2. That which gives assistance; he or that which contributes to advance a purpose.

Virtue is a friend and a help to nature.

South.

God is a very present help in time of trouble. Psalm 46.

3. Remedy; relief. The evil is done; there is no help for it. There is no help for the man; his disease is incurable.

4. A hired man or woman; a servant.

U. States.

Helper

HELP'ER, noun One that helps, aids or assists; an assistant; an auxiliary.

2. One that furnishes or administers a remedy.

Compassion-is oftentimes a helper of evils.

More.

3. One that supplies with any thing wanted; with to.

A helper to a husband.

Shak.

4. A supernumerary servant.

Swift.

Helpful

HELP'FUL, adjective That gives aid or assistance; that furnishes means of promoting an object; useful.

2. Wholesome; salutary; as helpful medicines.

Raleigh.

Helpfulness

HELP'FULNESS, noun Assistance; usefulness.

Milton.

Helpless

HELP'LESS, adjective Without help in one's self; destitute of the power or means to succor or relieve one's self. A person is rendered helpless by weakness, or want of means. An infant is helpless.

2. Destitute of support or assistance.

How shall I then your helpless fame defend?

Pope.

3. Admitting no help; irremediable. [Not used.]

Spenser.

4. Unsupplied; destitute.

Helpless of all that human wants require. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Helplessly

HELP'LESSLY, adverb Without succor.

Kid.

Helplessness

HELP'LESSNESS, noun Want of strength or ability; inability; want of means in one's self to obtain relief in trouble, or to accomplish one's purposes or desires.

It is the tendency of sickness to reduce our extravagant self-estimation, by exhibiting our solitary helplessness.

Buckminster.

Helter-Skelter

HELTER-SKELTER, cant words denoting hurry and confusion. [Vulgar.] Qu. Latin hilariter and celeriter, or Chaldee, Arabic, to mix.

Helve

HELVE, n. helv. [Saxon helf; German helm, a helve and a helm; probably from the root of hold.] The handle of an ax or hatchet.

Helve

HELVE, v.t. helv. To furnish with a helve, as an ax.

Helvetic

HELVET'IC, adjective [Saxon Hoefelden, the Helvetii. Qu. hill-men or high hill-men.]

Designating what pertains to the Helvetii, the inhabitants of the Alps, now Swisserland, or what pertains to the modern states and inhabitants of the Alpine regions; as the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states.

Helvin

HEL'VIN, noun [from Greek, the sun.] A mineral of a yellowish color, occurring in regular tetrahedrons, with truncated angles.

Cleaveland.

Hem

HEM, noun [Saxon hem; Welsh hem; Russian kaima.]

1. The border of a garment, doubled and sewed to strengthen it and prevent the raveling of the threads.

2. Edge; border. Matthew 9.

3. A particular sound of the human voice, expressed by the word hem.

Hem

HEM, v.t. To form a hem or border; to fold and sew down the edge of cloth to strengthen it.

2. To border; to edge.

All the skirt about

Was hemm'd with golden fringe.

Spenser.

To hem in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. The troops were hemmed in by the enemy. Sometimes perhaps to hem about or round, may be used in a like sense.

Hem

HEM, v.i. [Dutch hemmen.] To make the sound expressed by the word hem.

Hemachate

HEM'ACHATE, noun [Greek, blood, and, agate.] A species of agate, of a blood color.

Encyc.

Hematin

HEM'ATIN, noun [Greek, blood.] The coloring principle of logwood, of a red color and bitterish taste.

Chevreul.

Hematite

HEM'ATITE, noun [Greek, from, blood.]

The name of two ores of iron, the red hematite, and the brown hematite. They are both of a fibrous structure, and the fibers, though sometimes nearly parallel, usually diverge, or even radiate from a center. They rarely occur amorphous, but almost always in concretions, reniform, globular, botryoidal, stalactitic, &c. The red hematite is a variety of the red oxyd; its streak and powder are always nearly blood red. The brown hematite is a variety of the brown oxyd or hydrate of iron; its streak and powder are always of a brownish yellow. The red hematite is also called blood-stone.

Cleaveland. Encyc.

Hematitic

HEMATIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.

Hematope

HEM'ATOPE, noun The sea-pye, a fowl of the grallic order, that feeds on shell-fish.

Encyc.

Hemerobaptist

HEMEROBAP'TIST, noun [Greek, day, and, to wash.]

One of a sect among the Jews who bathed every day.

Fulke.

Hemi

HEM'I, in composition, from the Greek, signifies half, like demi and semi.

Hemicrany

HEM'ICRANY, noun [Greek, half, and, the skull.] A pain that affects only one side of the head.

Hemicycle

HEM'ICYCLE, noun [Greek.] A half circle; more generally called a semicircle.

Hemiditone

HEMID'ITONE, noun In Greek music, the lesser third.

Busby.

Hemina

HEM'INA, noun [Latin] In Roman antiquity, a measure containing half a sextary, and according to Arbuthnot, about half a pint English wine measure.

Encyc.

2. In medicine, a measure equal to about ten ounces.

Quincy.

Hemiplegy

HEM'IPLEGY, noun [Greek, half, and, a stroke, from, to strike.]

A palsy that affects one half of the body; a paralytic affection on one side of the human frame.

Encyc.

Hemipter

HEMIP'TER, or HEMIP'TERA, noun [Greek, half, and, a wing.] The hemipters form an order of insects with the upper wings usually half crustaceous, and half membranaceous, and incumbent on each other; as the cimex.

Hemipteral

HEMIP'TERAL, adjective Having the upper wings half crustaceous and half membranaceous.

Hemisphere

HEM'ISPHERE, noun [Greek.] A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center. In astronomy, one half the mundane sphere. The equator divides the sphere into two equal parts. That on the north is called the northern hemisphere; the other, the southern. So the horizon divides the sphere into the upper and lower hemispheres. Hemisphere is also used for a map or projection of half the terrestrial or celestial sphere, and is then often called planisphere.

2. A map or projection of half the terrestrial globe.

Hemispheric

HEMISPHER'IC, or HEMISPHER'ICAL, adjective Containing half a sphere or globe; as a hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body.

Hemistich

HEM'ISTICH, noun [Greek.] Half a poetic verse, or a verse not completed.

Dryden. Encyc.

Hemistichal

HEMIS'TICHAL, adjective Pertaining to a hemistich; denoting a division of the verse.

Warton.

Hemitone

HEM'ITONE, noun [Greek.] A half tone in music; now called a semitone.

Hemitrope

HEM'ITROPE, adjective [Greek, half, and, to turn.]

Half-turned; a hemitrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned through half the circumference of a circle. The word is used also as a noun.

HaÃƒ-¼.

Hemlock

HEM'LOCK, noun [Saxon hemleac; the latter syllable is the same as leek. Qu. is it not a border-plant, a plant growing in hedges?]

1. A plant of the genus Conium, whose leaves and root are poisonous. Also, the Cicuta maculata.

Bigelow.

2. A tree of the genus Pinus, an evergreen.

3. A poison, an infusion or decoction of the poisonous plant.

Popular liberty might then have escaped the indelible reproach of decreeing to the same citizens the hemlock on one day, and statues on the next.

Federalist, Madison.

Hemoptysis

HEMOP'TYSIS, or HEMOP'TOE, adjective [Greek, blood, and, a spitting.] A spitting of blood.

Hemorrhage

HEM'ORRHAGE, or HEM'ORRHAGY, noun [Greek; blood, and, to burst.]

A flux of blood, proceeding from the rupture of a blood-vessel, or some other cause. The ancients confined the word to a discharge of blood from the nose; but in modern use, it is applied to a flux from the nose, lungs, intestines, &c.

Encyc.

Hemorrhagic

HEM'ORRHAGIC, adjective Pertaining to a flux of blood; consisting in hemorrhage.

Hemorrhoids

HEM'ORRHOIDS, noun [Greek; blood, and, a flowing.]

A discharge of blood from the vessels of the anus; the piles; in Scripture, emerods.

The term is also applied to tumors formed by a morbid dilatation of the hemorhoidal veins. When they do not discharge blood, they are called blind piles; when they occasionally emit blood, bleeding or open piles.

Cyc. Parr.

Hemorrhoidal

HEMORRHOID'AL, adjective Pertaining to the hemorrhoids; as the hemorrhoidal vessels.

2. Consisting in a flux of blood from the vessels of the anus.

Hemp

HEMP, noun [Saxon henep; German hanf; Dutch hennep or kennip; Swedish hampa; Danish hamp; French chanvre; Armoric canab; Irishcannaib, cnaib; Latincannabis; Greek; SpanishcaÃƒ-±amo; Italiancanapa; Russiankonopel. It is found in the Arabic. See Class Nb.No.20. 26.]

1. A fibrous plant constituting the genus Cannabis, whose skin or bark is used for cloth and cordage. Hence canvas, the coarse strong cloth used for sails.

2. The skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. Large quantities of hemp are exported from Russia.

Hemp-Agrimony

HEMP-AG'RIMONY, noun A plant, a species of Eupatorium.

Hempen

HEMP'EN, a. hemp'n. Made of hemp; as a hempen cord.

Hempy

HEMP'Y, adjective Like hemp. [Unusual.]

Howell.

Hen

HEN, noun [Saxon hen, henne; Germanhenne; Dutchhen; Swedish h?na; DanishhÃƒ-¶ne. In Gothichana, Saxonhan, hana, is a cock; Germanhahn; Dutchhaan. In Swedish and Danishhane is a cock, the male of a fowl, and han is he, the personal pronoun.]

The female of any kind of fowl; but it is particularly applied to the female of the domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind, or as sometimes called, the barn-door fowl.

Henbane

HEN'BANE, n. [hen and bane.] A plant, the Hyoscyamus, of several species. The roots, leaves and seeds are poisonous.

Encyc.

Henbit

HEN'BIT, noun A plant, the ivy-leaved speedwell.

Derham.

Hen-Coop

HEN'-COOP, noun A coop or cage for fowls.

Hen-Driver

HEN'-DRIVER, noun A kind of hawk.

Walton.

Hen-Harm

HEN'-HARM, or HEN'-HARRIER, noun A species of kite, pygargus.

Ainsworth.

Hen-Hearted

HEN'-HE'ARTED, adjective Cowardly; timid; dastardly.

Henhouse

HEN'HOUSE, noun A house or shelter for fowls.

Henpecked

HEN'PECKED, adjective Governed by the wife.

Dryden.

Henroost

HEN'ROOST, noun A place where poultry rest at night.

Addison.

Hensfeet

HENS'FEET, noun A plant, hedge-fumitory.

Johnson.

Hence

HENCE, adv. hens. [Saxon heona; Scot. hyne; Germanhin.]

1. From this place.

Arise, let us go hence. John 14.

I will send thee far hence to the Gentiles. Acts 22.

2. From this time; in the future; as a week hence; a year hence.

3. From this cause or reason, noting a consequence, inference or deduction from something just before stated.

Hence perhaps it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord, the beginning of wisdom.

Tillotson.

It sometimes denotes an inference or consequence, resulting from something that follows.

Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not hence, even from your lustsÃ‚-- James 4.

4. From this source or original.

All other faces borrowed henceÃ‚--

Suckling.

Hence signifies from this, and from before hence is not strictly correct. But from hence is so well established by custom, that it may not be practicable to correct the use of the phrase.

Hence is used elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone. Hence, with your little ones.

Shak.

Hence, as a verb, to send off, as used by Sidney, is improper.

Henceforth

HENCEFORTH, adv. hens'forth. From this time forward.

I never from thy side henceforth will stray.

Milton.

Henceforward

HENCEFORWARD, adv. hensfor'ward.

From this time forward; henceforth.

Shak. Dryden.

Henchman

HENCH'MAN, or HENCH'BOY, noun [Saxon hinc, a servant.] A page; a servant. Obs.

Shak. Dryden.

Hend

HEND, or HENT, v.t. [Saxon hentan.] To seize; to lay hold on. Obs.

Fairfax.

2. To crowd; to press on. Obs.

Shak.

Hend

HEND, or HENDY, adjective Gentle. Obs.

Chaucer.

Hendecagon

HENDEC'AGON, noun [Greek, eleven, and, an angle.]

In geometry, a figure of eleven sides, and as many angles.

Encyc.

Hendecasyllable

HENDECASYL'LABLE, noun [Greek and.] A metrical line of eleven syllables.

Warton.

Hendiadis

HENDI'ADIS, noun [Greek] A figure, when two nouns are used instead of a noun and an adjective.

Scott.

Hepar

HE'PAR, noun [Latinhepar, the liver; Greek.] A combination of sulphur with an alkali was formerly called by chimists hepar sulphuris, liver of sulphur, from its brown red color. The term has been applied to all combinations of alkali or earth with sulphur or phosphorus.

Nicholson.

The hepars are by modern chimists called sulphurets.

Fourcroy.

Hepatic

HEPAT'IC, or HEPAT'ICAL, adjective [Latinhepaticus; Greek, from, the liver.]

Pertaining to the liver; as hepatic gall; hepatic pain; hepatic artery; hepatic flux.

Quincy. Arbuthnot.

Hepatic air or gas, is a fetid vapor or elastic fluid emitted from combinations of sulphur with alkalies, earths and metals.

Nicholson. Encyc.

This species of air is now called sulphureted hydrogen gas.

Fourcroy.

Hepatic mercurial ore, compact sulphuret of mercury or cinnabar, a mineral of a reddish, or reddish brown, or dark red color. Its streak is dark red, and has some luster. It occurs in compact masses, with an even or fine grained fracture.

Hepatic pyrite, hepatic sulphuret of iron. During the process of decomposition of this ore, by which the sulphur is more or less disengaged, the pyrite is converted, either wholly or in part, into a compact oxyd of iron of a liver brown color; hence its name.

Cleaveland.

Hepatite

HEP'ATITE, noun A gem or mineral that takes its name from the liver. Plin. Latin 37. 11.

Hepatite is a name given to the fetid sulphate of baryte. It sometimes occurs in globular masses, and is either compact or of a foliated structure. By friction or the application of heat, it exhales a fetid odor, like that of sulphureted hydrogen.

Cleaveland.

Hepatize

HEP'ATIZE, v.t. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas.

Hepatized

HEP'ATIZED, participle passive Impregnated or combined with sulphureted hydrogen gas.

On the right of the river were two wells of hepatized water.

Barrow.

Hepatoscopy

HEPATOS'COPY, noun [Greek, the liver, and, to view.]

The art or practice of divination by inspecting the liver of animals.

Encyc.

Heps

HEPS, noun The berries of the hep-tree, or wild dog-rose.

Heptacapsular

HEPTACAP'SULAR, adjective [Greek, seven, and Latincapsula, a cell.]

Having seven cells or cavities for seeds; a term in botany.

Heptachord

HEP'TACHORD, noun [Greek, seven, and, chord.]

A system of seven sounds. In ancient poetry, verses sung or played on seven chords or different notes. In this sense the word was applied to the lyre, when it had but seven strings. One of the intervals is also called a heptachord, as containing the same number of degrees between the extremes.

Encyc.

Heptagon

HEP'TAGON, noun [Greek, seven, and, an angle.]

In geometry, a figure consisting of seven sides and as many angles.

In fortification, a place that has seven bastions for defense.

Encyc.

Heptagonal

HEPTAG'ONAL, adjective Having seven angles or sides. Heptagonal numbers, in arithmetic, a sort of polygonal numbers, wherein the difference of the terms of the corresponding arithmetical progression is 5. One of the properties of these numbers is, that if they are multiplied by 40, and 9 is added to the product, the sum will be a square number.

Encyc.

Heptagyn

HEP'TAGYN, noun [Greek, seven, and, a female.] In botany, a plant that has seven pistils.

Heptagynian

HEPTAGYN'IAN, adjective Having seven pistils.

Heptahexahedral

HEPTAHEXAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, seven, and hexahedral.]

Presenting seven ranges of faces one above another, each range containing six faces.

Cleaveland.

Heptamerede

HEPTAM'EREDE, noun [Greek, seven, and, part.]

That which divides into seven parts.

A. Smith.

Heptander

HEPTAND'ER, noun [Greek, seven, and, a male.] In botany, a plant having seven stamens.

Heptandrian

HEPTAN'DRIAN, adjective Having seven stamens.

Heptangular

HEPTAN'GULAR, adjective [Greek, seven, and angular.] Having seven angles.

Heptaphyllous

HEPTAPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, seven, and, a leaf.] Having seven leaves.

Heptarchic

HEPTAR'CHIC, adjective Denoting a sevenfold government.

Warton.

Heptarchist

HEP'TARCHIST, noun A ruler of one division of a heptarchy.

Warton.

Heptarchy

HEP'TARCHY, noun [Greek, seven, and, rule.]

A government by seven persons, or the country governed by seven persons. But the word is usually applied to England, when under the government of seven kings, or divided into seven kingdoms; as the Saxon heptarchy, which comprehended the whole of England, when subject to seven independent princes. These petty kingdoms were those of Kent, the South Saxons [Sussex,] West Saxons, East Saxons [Essex,] the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.

Hist of England.

Heptateuch

HEP'TATEUCH, noun [Greek, seven, and, book.]

The first seven books of the Old Testament. [Little used.]

Hep-Tree

HEP'-TREE, noun The wild dog-rose, a species of Rosa.

Her

HER, pronounced hur, an adjective, or pronominal adjective of the third person.

[Saxon hire, sing. heoru, plu., the possessive case of he, heo; but more properly an adjective, like the Latin suus,

1. Belonging to a female; as her face; her head.

2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification.

Wisdom's ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Proverbs 3.

Her is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the objective case, after a verb or preposition.

She gave also to her husband with her, and he did eat. Genesis 3.

Hers is primarily the objective or genitive case, denoting something that belongs to a female. But it stands as a substitute in the nominative or objective case.

And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend.

Dryden.

Here hers stands for her fortune, but it must be considered as the nominative to could mend. I will take back my own book and give you hers. Here hers is the object after give.

Herald

HER'ALD, noun [French heraut, for herault; Armoric herald or harod; Spanish heraldo; Portugese arauto; Italian araldo; German herold; Welsh herodyr, a definace or challenge, heriaw, to brandish, to threaten, from her, a push, a motion of defiance, a challenge. The primary sense is to send, thrust, or drive.]

1. An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. Hence,

2. A proclaimer; a publisher; as the herald of another's fame.

3. A forerunner; a precursor; a harbinger.

It was the lark, the herald of the morn.

Shak.

4. An officer in Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order and conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, royal marriages, installations, creations of dukes and other nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations of war, proclamations of peace, &c.; also, to record and blazon the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regulate abuses therein.

Encyc.

5. Formerly applied by the French to a minstrel.

Herald

HER'ALD, v.t. To introduce, as by a herald.

Shak.

Heraldic

HER'ALDIC, adjective Pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as heraldic delineations.

Warton.

Heraldry

HER'ALDRY, noun The art or office of a herald. Heraldry is the art, practice or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial. It also teaches whatever relates to the marshaling of cavalcades, processions and other public ceremonies.

Encyc.

Heraldship

HER'ALDSHIP, noun The office of a herald.

Selden.

Herb

HERB, n. erb. [Latin herba; French herbe; Italian erba; Spanish yerba; Portugeseerva. Qu. Irish forba, glebe, that is, food, pasture, subsistence; Greek.]

1. A plant or vegetable with a soft or succulent stalk or stem, which dies to the root every year, and is thus distinguished from a tree and a shrub, which have ligneous or hard woody stems.

Milne. Martyn.

2. In the Linnean botany, that part of a vegetable which springs from the root and is terminated by the fructification, including the stem or stalk, the leaves, the fulcra or props, and the hibernacle.

Milne. Martyn.

The word herb comprehends all the grasses, and numerous plants used for culinary purposes.

Herb-Christopher

HERB-CHRISTOPHER, noun A plant, of the genus Actaea.

Herb-Robert

HERB-ROBERT, noun A plant, a species of Geranium.

Herbaceous

HERBA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin herbaceus.] Pertaining to herbs. Herbaceous plants are such as perish annually down to the root; soft, succulent vegetables. So, a herbaceous stem is one which is soft, not woody. Herbaceous, applied to animals by Derham, is not authorized. [See Herbivorous.]

Herbage

HERB'AGE, noun [French from herbe.] Herbs collectively; grass; pasture; green food for beasts.

The influence of true religion is mild, soft and noiseless, and constant, as the descent of the evening dew on the tender herbage.

Buckminster.

2. In law, the liberty or right of pasture in the forest or grounds of another man.

Encyc.

Herbaged

HERB'AGED, adjective Covered with grass.

Thomson.

Herbal

HERB'AL, noun A book that contains the names and descriptions of plants, or the classes, genera, species and qualities of vegetables.

Bacon.

2. A hortus siccus, or dry garden; a collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved.

Encyc.

Herbal

HERB'AL, adjective Pertaining to herbs.

Herbalist

HERB'ALIST, noun A person skilled in plants; one who makes collections of plants.

Herbar

HERB'AR, noun An herb. Obs.

Spenser.

Herbarist

HERB'ARIST, noun A herbalist. [Little used.]

Derham. Boyle.

Herbarium

HERBA'RIUM, noun A collection of dried plants.

Med. Repos.

Herbarize

HERB'ARIZE. [See Herborize.]

Herbary

HERB'ARY, noun A garden of plants.

Warton.

Herbelet

HERB'ELET, noun A small herb.

Shak.

Herbescent

HERBES'CENT, adjective [Latin herbescens.] Growing into herbs.

Herbid

HERB'ID, adjective [Latin herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [

Little used.]

Herbivorous

HERBIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin herba and voro, to eat.]

Eating herbs; subsisting on herbaceous plants; feeding on vegetables. The ox and the horse are herbivorous animals.

Herbless

HERB'LESS, adjective Destitute of herbs.

Warton.

Herborist

HERB'ORIST. [See Herbalist.]

Ray.

Herborization

HERBORIZA'TION, noun [from herborize.]

1. The act of seeking plants in the field; botanical research.

2. The figure of plants in mineral substances. [See Arborization.]

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Herborize

HERB'ORIZE, v.i. To search for plants, or to seek new species of plants, with a view to ascertain their characters and to class them.

He herborized as he traveled, and enriched the Flora Suecica with new discoveries.

Tooke.

Herborize

HERB'ORIZE, v.t. To figure; to form the figures of plants in minerals. [See Arborize.]

Fourcroy.

Herborized

HERB'ORIZED, participle passive Figured; containing the figure of a plant; as a mineral body. Daubenton has shown that herborized stones contain very fine mosses.

Fourcroy.

Herborizing

HERB'ORIZING, participle of the present tense Searching for plants.

2. Forming the figures of plants in minerals.

Herbous

HERB'OUS, adjective [Latin herbosus.] Abounding with herbs.

Herbwoman

HERB'WOMAN, n. erb'woman. A woman that sells herbs.

Herby

HERB'Y, adjective Having the nature of herbs. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Herculean

HERCU'LEAN, adjective [from Hercules.] Very great, difficult or dangerous; such as it would require the strength or courage of Hercules to encounter or accomplish; as Herculean labor or task.

2. Having extraordinary strength and size; as Herculean limbs.

2. Of extraordinary strength, force or power.

Hercules

HER'CULES, noun A constellation in the northern hemisphere, containing 113 stars.

Encyc.

Hercynian

HERCYN'IAN, adjective [from Hercynia; Germanharz, resin.]

Denoting an extensive forest in Germany, the remains of which are now in Swabia.

Herd

HERD, noun [Saxonherd, heord; Germanherde; Swedish and Danish hiord; Basque, ardi. Words of this kind have for their primary sense, collection, assemblage. So in Saxon, here is an army. It may be from driving, Welshgyr.]

1. A collection or assemblage; applied to beasts when feeding or driven together.

We say, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, bucks, harts, and in Scripture, a herd of swine. But we say, a flock of sheep, goats or birds. A number of cattle going to market is called a drove.

2. A company of men or people, in contempt or detestation; a crowd; a rabble; as a vulgar herd.

Herd

HERD, noun [Saxon hyrd; German hirt; Swedish herde; Danish hyrde or hyre; from the same root as the preceding, that is, the holder or keeper.]

A keeper of cattle; used by Spenser, and still used in Scotland, but in English now seldom or never used, except in composition, as a shepherd, a goatherd, a swineherd.

Herd

HERD, v.i. To unite or associate, as beasts; to feed or run in collections. Most kinds of beasts manifest a disposition to herd.

2. To associate; to unite in companies customarily.

3. To associate; to become one of a number or party.

Walsh.

Herd

HERD, v.t. To form or put into a herd.

B. Jonson.

Herdess

HERD'ESS, noun A shepherdess. Obs.

Chaucer.

Herdgroom

HERD'GROOM, noun A keeper of a herd. Obs.

Spenser.

Herding

HERD'ING, participle of the present tense Associating in companies.

Herdman

HERD'MAN, or HERDS'MAN, noun A keeper of herds; one employed in tending herds of cattle.

2. Formerly, the owner of a herd.

Sidney.

Here

HERE, adverb [Gothic and Saxon her; German, Dutch hier; Swedish har; Danish her. It denotes this place.]

1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is present; opposed to there. Behold, here am I. Lodge here this night. Build here seven altars.

Scripture.

2. In the present life or state.

Thus shall you be happy here, and more happy hereafter.

Bacon.

3. It is used in making an offer or attempt.

Then here's for earnest.

Dryden.

4. In drinking health.

Here's to thee, Dick.

Cowley.

It is neither here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that; neither in one place nor in another.

Here and there, in one place and another; in a dispersed manner or condition; thinly; or irregularly.

Hereabout

HE'REABOUT, or HE'REABOUTS, adverb About this place.

Addison.

Hereafter

HERE'AFTER, adverb In time to come; in some future time.

2. In a future state.

Hereafter

HERE'AFTER, noun A future state.

'Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter.

Addison.

Hereat

HEREAT', adverb At this. He was offended hereat, that is, at this saying, this fact, &c.

Hereby

HEREBY', adverb By this.

Hereby we became acquainted with the nature of things.

Watts.

Herein

HEREIN', adverb In this.

Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit. John 15.

Hereinto

HEREIN'TO, adverb Into this.

Hooker.

Hereof

HEREOF', adverb Of this; from this.

Hereof comes it that prince Harry is valiant.

Shak.

Hereon

HEREON', adverb On this.

Brown.

Hereout

HEREOUT', adverb Out of this place.

Spenser.

Heretofore

HERETOFO'RE, adverb In times before the present; formerly.

Sidney.

Hereunto

HEREUNTO', adverb To this.

Hooker.

Hereupon

HEREUPON', adverb On this.

Herewith

HEREWITH', adverb With this.

Most of the compounds of here and a preposition, are obsolete or obsolescent, or at least are deemed inelegant. But here-after and heretofore are in elegant use. Herein and hereby and frequently used in the present version of the Scriptures, and ought not perhaps to be discarded. Indeed some of these words seem to be almost indispensable in technical law language.

Hereditable

HERED'ITABLE, adjective [from the root of heir; Latinhoereditas.]

That may be inherited. [Not much used. See Inheritable.]

Locke.

Hereditably

HERED'ITABLY, adverb By inheritance; by right of descent.

The one-house-owners belong hereditably to no private person.

Tooke, Russ. Encyc.

Hereditament

HEREDIT'AMENT, noun [Latin hoeres, hoeredium. See Heir.]

Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, any thing corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal or mixed, that may descend to an heir.

Blackstone.

A corporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an incorporeal hereditament is an ideal right, existing in contemplation of law, issuing out of substantial corporeal property.

Hereditarily

HERED'ITARILY, adverb By inheritance; by descent from an ancestor.

Pope.

Hereditary

HERED'ITARY, adjective [French hereditaire; Italian ereditario. See Heir.]

1. That has descended from an ancestor. He is in possession of a large hereditary estate.

2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir; descendible to an heir at law. The crown of Great Britain is hereditary.

3. That is or may be transmitted from a parent to a child; as hereditary pride; hereditary bravery; hereditary disease.

Heremit

HER'EMIT, noun A hermit. Obs.

Bp. Hall.

Heremitical

HEREMIT'ICAL, adjective [See Hermit. It should rather be written hermitical.] Solitary; secluded from society.

Pope.

Heresiarch

HER'ESIARCH, noun. [Greek, heresy, and, chief.]

A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics.

Stillingfleet.

Heresiarchy

HER'ESIARCHY, noun Chief heresy.

Heresy

HER'ESY, noun [Greek, from, to take, to hold; Latin hoeresis; French heresie.]

1. A fundamental error in religion, or an error of opinion respecting some fundamental doctrine of religion. But in countries where there is an established church, an opinion is deemed heresy, when it differs from that of the church. The Scriptures being the standard of faith, any opinion that is repugnant to its doctrines, is heresy; but as men differ in the interpretation of Scripture, an opinion deemed heretical by one body of christians, may be deemed orthodox by another. In Scripture and primitive usage, heresy meant merely sect, party, or the doctrines of a sect, as we now use denomination or persuasion, implying no reproach.

2. Heresy, in law, is an offense against christianity, consisting in a denial of some of its essential doctrines, publicly avowed and obstinately maintained.

Blackstone.

3. An untenable or unsound opinion or doctrine in politics.

Swift.

Heretic

HER'ETIC, noun [Greek; Italian eretico; Frenchheretique.]

1. A person under any religion, but particularly the christian, who holds and teaches opinions repugnant to the established faith, or that which is made the standard of orthodoxy. In strictness, among christians, a person who holds and avows religious opinions contrary to the doctrines of Scripture, the only rule of faith and practice.

2. Any one who maintains erroneous opinions.

Shak.

Heretical

HERET'ICAL, adjective Containing heresy; contrary to the established faith, or to the true faith.

Heretically

HERET'ICALLY, adverb In an heretical manner; with heresy.

Heretog

HER'ETOG, or HER'ETOCH, noun [Saxon heretoga; here, an army, and teoche, a leader, from teogan, teon, to lead, Latin duco, dux, to tug.]

Among our Saxon ancestors, the leader or commander of an army, or the commander of the militia in a county or district. This officer was elected by the people in folkmote.

Heriot

HER'IOT, noun [Saxon heregeat; here, army, and geat, tribute, supply, from geotan, to flow, to render.]

In English law, a tribute or fine payable to the lord of the fee on the decease of the owner, landholder or vassal. Originally this tribute consisted of military furniture, or of horses and arms, as appears by the laws of Canute, C. 69. But as defined by modern writers, a heriot is a customary tribute of goods and chattels, payable to the lord of the fee on the decease of the owner of the land; or a render of the best beast or other movables to the lord on the death of the tenant. Heriots were of two sorts; heriot service, which was due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands; and heriot custom, which depended solely on immemorial usage.

Wilkins. Spelman. Blackstone.

Heriotable

HER'IOTABLE, adjective Subject to the payment of a heriot.

Burn.

Herisson

HER'ISSON, noun [French a hedgehog, from herisser, to bristle, to stand out as hair.]

In fortification, a beam or bar armed with iron spikes pointing outwards, and turning on a pivot; used to block up a passage.

Encyc.

Heritable

HER'ITABLE, adjective [from the root of heir, Latin hoeres.]

1. Capable of inheriting, or taking by descent.

By the canon law this son shall be legitimate and heritable.

Hale.

2. That may be inherited. [This is the true sense.]

3. Annexed to estates of inheritance. In Scot's law, herilable rights are all rights that affect lands or other immovables.

Encyc. Blackstone.

Heritage

HER'ITAGE, noun [French from the root of heir.]

1. Inheritance; an estate that passes from an ancestor to an heir by descent or course of law; that which is inherited. In Scot's law, it sometimes signifies immovable estate, in distinction from movable.

2. In Scripture, the saints or people of God are called his heritage, as being claimed by him, and the objects of his special care. 1 Peter 5.

Hermaphrodeity

HERMAPHRODE'ITY, noun Hermaphrodism.

B. Jonson.

Hermaphrodism

HERMAPH'RODISM, noun [infra.] The union of the two sexes in the same individual.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Hermaphrodite

HERMAPH'RODITE, noun [French from Greek; Mercury, and, Venus.]

1. A human being, having the parts of generation both of male and female. The term is applied also to other animals characterized by a similar formation.

Encyc.

2. In botany, a flower that contains both the anther and the stigma, or the supposed male and female organs of generation, within the same calyx or on the same receptacle.

Martyn. Encyc.

3. A plant that has only hermaphrodite flowers.

Martyn.

Hermaphrodite

HERMAPH'RODITE, adjective Designating both sexes in the same animal, flower or plant.

Hermaphroditic

HERMAPHRODIT'IC, adjective Partaking of both sexes.

Brown.

Hermaphroditically

HERMAPHRODIT'ICALLY, adverb After the manner of hermaphrodites.

Hermeneutic

HERMENEU'TIC, or HERMENEU'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, an interpreter, from, Mercury.]

Interpreting; explaining; unfolding the signification; as hermeneutic theology, the art of expounding the Scriptures.

Bloomfield. Encyc.

Hermeneutically

HERMENEU'TICALLY, adverb According to the true art of the interpreting words.

M. Stuart.

Hermeneutics

HERMENEU'TICS, noun The art of finding the meaning of an author's words and phrases, and of explaining it to others.

Hermetic

HERMET'IC, or HERMET'ICAL, adjective [French hermetique; Spanish hermetico; from Greek, Mercury, the fabled inventor of chimistry.]

1. Designating chimistry; chimical; as the hermetic art.

2. Designating that species of philosophy which pretends to solve and explain all the phenomena of nature from the three chimical principles, salt, sulphur and mercury; as the hermetic philosophy.

3. Designating the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine, on the principles of the hermetical philosophy, and particularly on the system of an alkali and acid; as hermetical physic or medicine.

Encyc.

4. Perfectly close, so that no air, gas, or spirit can escape; as a hermetic seal. The hermetic seal is formed by heating the neck of a vessel till it is soft, and then twisting it, till the aperture or passage is accurately closed.

Encyc.

Hermetic books, books of the Egyptians which treat of astrology.

Bryant.

Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine and other topics.

Enfield.

Hermetically

HERMET'ICALLY, adverb According to the hermetic art; chimically; closely; accurately; as a vessel hermetically sealed or closed.

Hermit

HER'MIT, noun [French hermite, ermite; Spanish ermitaÃƒ-±o; Italian eremita; Greek, from, solitary, destitute. Perhaps from the Shemitic, to cut off from society, to expel, or to be separated. Class Rm. See Harem.]

1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret. The word is usually applied to a person who lives in solitude, disengaged from the cares and interruptions of society, for the purpose of religious contemplation and devotion.

2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another.

Shak.

Hermitage

HER'MITAGE, noun The habitation of a hermit; a house or hut with its appendages, in a solitary place, where a hermit dwells.

Milton.

2. A cell in a recluse place, but annexed to an abbey.

Encyc.

3. A kind of wine.

Hermitary

HER'MITARY, noun A cell for the religious annexed to some abbey.

Howell.

Hermitess

HER'MITESS, noun A female hermit.

Drummond.

Hermitical

HERMIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a hermit, or to retired life.

2. Suited to a hermit.

Coventry.

Hermodactyl

HERMODAC'TYL, noun [Greek, Mercury, and, a finger; Mercury's finger.]

In the Materia Medica, a root brought from Turkey. It is in the shape of a heart flatted, of a white color, compact, but easy to be cut or pulverized, of a viscous sweetish taste, with a slight degree of acrimony. Some suppose it to be the root of the Colchicum variegatum; others, the root of the Iris tuberosa. It was anciently in great repute as a cathartic; but that which is now furnished has little or no cathartic quality.

Encyc.

Hermogenians

HERMOGE'NIANS, noun A sect of ancient heretics, so called from their leader Hermogenes, who lived near the close of the second century. He held matter to be the fountain of all evil, and that souls are formed of corrupt matter.

Encyc.

Hern

HERN, noun A heron, which see.

Hernhill

HERN'HILL, noun A plant.

Hernia

HERN'IA, noun [Latin] In surgery, a rupture; a descent of the intestines or omentum from their natural place; an unnatural protrusion of the intestines. Hernia is of various kinds.

Quincy. Coxe.

Hernshaw

HERN'SHAW, noun A heron. Obs.

Spenser.

Hero

HE'RO, noun [Latin heros, Greek, a demigod. It coincides in elements with Irish earr, noble, grand, a champion, and with the German herr, Dutch heer, lord, master.]

1. A man of distinguished valor, intrepidity or enterprise in danger; as a hero in arms.

Cowley.

2. A great, illustrious or extraordinary person; as a hero in learning. [Little used.]

3. In a poem, or romance, the principal personage, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and AEneas in the AEneid.

4. In pagan mythology, a hero was an illustrious person, mortal indeed, but supposed by the populace to partake of immortality, and after his death to be placed among the gods.

Encyc.

Herodians

HERO'DIANS, noun A sect among the Jews, which took this name from Herod; but authors are not agreed as to their peculiar notions.

Heroic

HERO'IC, adjective Pertaining to a hero or heroes; as heroic valor.

2. Becoming a hero; bold; daring; illustrious; as heroic action; heroic enterprises.

3. Brave; intrepid; magnanimous; enterprising; illustrious for valor; as Hector, the heroic son of Priam; a heroic race.

4. Productive of heroes; as a heroic line in pedigree.

5. Reciting the achievments of heroes; as a heroic poem.

6. Used in heroic poetry or hexameter; as heroic verse; a heroic foot.

Heroic age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived.

Heroical

HERO'ICAL, adjective The same as heroic. [Little used.]

Heroically

HERO'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of a hero; with valor; bravely; courageously; intrepidly. The wall was heroically defended.

Heroi-Comic

HEROI-COM'IC, adjective [See Hero and Comic.]

Consisting of the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting the high burlesque; as a heroicomic poem.

Heroine

HER'OINE, noun her'oin. [French heroine, from hero.]

A female hero; a woman of a brave spirit. [Heroess is not in use.]

Dryden.

Heroism

HER'OISM, noun [French heroisme.] The qualities of a hero; bravery; courage; intrepidity; particularly in war.

Broome.

Heron

HER'ON, noun [French] A large fowl of the genus Ardea, a great devourer of fish.

Heronry

HER'ONRY, or HER'ONSHAW, noun A place where herons breed.

Derham.

Heroship

HE'ROSHIP, noun The character of a hero.

Cowper.

Herpes

HER'PES, noun [Greek, from, to creep.]

Tetters; an eruption on the skin; erysipelas; ringworm, &c. This disease takes various names according to its form or the part affected.

Coxe. Encyc.

A term applied to several cutaneous eruptions, from their tendency to spread or creep from one part of the skin to another.

Cyc.

An eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling; including the shingles, ringworm, &c.

Good.

Herpetic

HERPET'IC, adjective Pertaining to the herpes or cutaneous eruptions; resembling the herpes, or partaking of its nature; as herpetic eruptions.

Darwin.

Herpetologic

HERPETOLOG'IC, or HERPETOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to herpetology.

Herpetologist

HERPETOL'OGIST, noun A person versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.

Herpetology

HERPETOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a reptile, and, discourse.]

A description of reptiles; the natural history of reptiles, including oviparous quadrupeds, as the crocodile, frog and tortoise, and serpents. The history of the latter is called ophiology.

Herring

HER'RING, noun [Saxon hoering; French hareng; Armoric harincq; German hering; Dutch haring; Italian aringa; Spanish arenque; Portugese id.]

A fish of the genus Clupea. Herrings, when they migrate, move in vast shoals, and it is said that the name is formed from the Teutonic here, heer, an army or multitude. They come from high northern latitudes in the spring, and visit the shores of Europe and America, where they are taken and salted in great quantities.

Herring-Fishery

HERRING-FISHERY, noun The fishing for herrings, which constitutes an important branch of business with the English, Dutch and Americans.

Hers

HERS, pron. hurz, pron. fem. possessive; as, this house is hers, that is, this is the house of her. But perhaps it would be more correct to consider hers as a substitute for the noun and adjective, in the nominative case. Of the two houses, hers is the best, that is, her house is the best.

Herschel

HERSCHEL, noun her'shel. A planet discovered by Dr. Herschel, in 1781.

Herse

HERSE, noun hers. [French herse, a harrow, a portcullis, probably from cross-work; radically the same word as harrow, which see.]

1. In fortification, a lattice or portcullis in the form of a harrow, set with iron spikes. It is hung by a rope fastened to a moulinet, and when a gate is broken, it is let down to obstruct the passage. It is called also a sarrasin or cataract, and when it consists of straight stakes without crosspieces, it is called orgues.

Herse is also a harrow, used for a chevaux de frise, and laid in the way or in breaches, with the points up, to obstruct or incommode the march of an enemy.

Encyc.

2. A carriage for bearing corpses to the grave. It is a frame only, or a box, as in England, borne on wheels.

3. A temporary monument set over a grave. [Unusual and not legitimate.]

Weever.

4. A funeral eulogy. [Not used.]

Welsh Browne.

Herse

HERSE, v.t. hers. To put on or in a herse.

Shak. Chapman.

2. To carry to the grave.

Herself

HERSELF', pronoun [her and self.] This denotes a female, the subject of discourse before mentioned, and is either in the nominative or objective case. In the nominative it usually follows she, and is added for the sake of emphasis, or emphatical distinction; as, she herself will bear the blame.

The daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself. Exodus 2.

2. Having the command of herself; mistress of her rational powers, judgment or temper. The woman was deranged, but she is now herself again. She has come to herself.

3. In her true character; as, the woman acts like herself.

Herselike

HERSELIKE, adjective hers'like. Funereal; suitable to funerals.

Bacon.

Hersillon

HERS'ILLON, noun [from herse.] In the military art, a plank or beam, whose sides are set with spikes or nails, to incommode and retard the march of an enemy.

Encyc.

Hery

HER'Y, v.t. [Saxon herian.] To regard as holy. Obs.

Spenser.

Hesitancy

HES'ITANCY, noun [See Hesitate.] A doubting; literally, a stopping of the mind; a pausing to consider; dubiousness; suspense.

The reason of my hesitancy about the air isÃ‚--

Boyle.

Hesitant

HES'ITANT, adjective Hesitating; pausing; wanting volubility of speech.

Hesitate

HES'ITATE, v.i. s as z. [Latin hoesito; French hesiter; from hoesi, pret. of Latin hoereo, to hang.]

1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be doubtful as to fact, principle or determination; to be in suspense or uncertainty; as, he hesitated whether to accept the offer or not. We often hesitate what judgment to form.

It is never transitive, unless by poetic license.

Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike.

Pope.

2. To stammer; to stop in speaking.

Hesitating

HES'ITATING, participle of the present tense Doubting; pausing; stammering.

Hesitatingly

HES'ITATINGLY, adverb With hesitation or doubt.

Hesitation

HESITA'TION, noun A pausing or delay in forming an opinion or commencing action; doubt; suspension of opinion or decision, from uncertainty what is proper to be decided. When evidence is clear, we may decide without hesitation.

2. A stopping in speech; intermission between words; stammering.

Swift.

Hest

HEST, noun [Saxon hoese; German geheiss, a command; heissen, to call, to bid; Dutch heeten. See Heat.]

Command; precept; injunction; order. [Now obsolete, but it is retained in the compound, behest.]

Hesperian

HESPE'RIAN, ?. [Latin hesperius, western, from hesperus, vesper, the evening star, Venus, Greek.] Western; situated at the west.

Hesperian

HESPE'RIAN, noun An inhabitant of a western country.

J. Barlow.

Heterarchy

HET'ERARCHY, noun [Greek, another, and, rule.] The government of an alien.

Bp. Hall.

Heteroclite

HET'EROCLITE, noun [Greek; another, or different, and, from, to incline, to lean.]

1. In grammar, a word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from the or dinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind. It is particularly applied to nouns irregular in declension.

2. Any thing or person deviating from common forms.

Johnson.

Heteroclite

HET'EROCLITE, or HETEROCLIT'IC, or HETEROCLIT'ICAL, Irregular; a- adjective nomalous; deviating from ordinary forms or rules.

Brown.

Heteroclitous

HETEROC'LITOUS, adjective Heteroclitic. [Not in use.]

Heterodox

HET'ERODOX, adjective [Greek, another, different, and, opinion.]

1. In theology, heretical; contrary to the faith and doctrines of the true church; or more precisely, contrary to the real doctrines of the Scriptures; as a heterodox opinion; opposed to orthodox.

2. Repugnant to the doctrines or tenets of any established church.

3. Holding opinions repugnant to the doctrines of the Scriptures, as a heterodox; divine; or holding opinions contrary to those of an established church.

Heterodoxy

HET'ERODOXY, noun Heresy; an opinion or doctrine contrary to the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an established church.

Heterogene

HET'EROGENE, adjective Obs. [See the next word.]

Heterogeneal

HETEROGE'NEAL, or HETEROGE'NEOUS, adjective [Greek, other, and, kind.]

Of a different kind or nature; unlike or dissimilar in kind; opposed to homogeneous.

The light whose rays are all alike refrangible, I call simple, homogeneal and similar; and that whose rays are some more refrangible than others, I call compound, heterogeneal and dissimilar.

Newton.

Heterogeneous nouns, are such as are of different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as hic locus, of the masculine gender in the singular, and hi loci and hoec loca, both masculine and neuter in the plural. Hoc coelum, neuter in the singular; hi coeli, masculine in the plural.

Heterogeneous quantities, are those which are of such different kind and consideration, that one of them, taken any number of times, never equals or exceeds the other.

Heterogeneous surds, are such as have different radical signs.

Encyc.

Heterogeneity

HETEROGENE'ITY, noun Opposition of nature; contrariety or dissimilitude of qualities. [Ill formed.]

2. Dissimilar part; something of a different kind.

Boyle.

Heterogeneousness

HETEROGE'NEOUSNESS, noun Difference of nature and quality; dissimilitude or contrariety in kind, nature or qualities.

Heterophyllous

HETEROPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, diverse, and, leaf.]

Producing a diversity of leaves; as a heterophyllous violet.

Journ. of Science.

Heteroptics

HETEROP'TICS, noun [See Optics.] False optics.

Spectator.

Heteroscian

HETEROS'CIAN, noun [Greek, other, and, shadow.]

Those inhabitants of the earth are called Heteroscians, whose shadows fall one way only. Such are those who live between the tropics and the polar circles. The shadows of those who live north of the tropic of Cancer, fall northward; those of the inhabitants south of the tropic of Capricorn, fall southward; whereas the shadows of those who dwell between the tropics fall sometimes to the north and sometimes to the south.

Heteroscian

HETEROS'CIAN, adjective Having the shadow fall one way only.

Gregory.

Heulandite

HEU'LANDITE, adjective [from M. Heuland.] A mineral, occurring massive, frequently globular, or crystalized in the form of a right oblique-angled prism. It has been ranked among the zeolites, but is now considered as distinct.

Phillips.

Hew

HEW, v.t. pret. hewed; pp. hewed or hewn. [Saxon heawian; German hauen; Dutch houwen; Swedish hugga; Danish hugger. In Swedish hugg is a cut, a slash; Danish hug, a beating, a striking; so that the primary sense is to strike, to drive with the hand. See Hoe.]

1. To cut with an ax, or other like instrument, for the purpose of making an even surface or side; as, to hew timber.

2. To chop; to cut; to hack; as, to hew in pieces.

3. To cut with a chisel; to make smooth; as, to hew stone.

4. To form or shape with an edged instrument; with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher. Isaiah 22.

5. To form laboriously.

I now pass my days, not studious nor idle, rather polishing old works than hewing out new ones. [Unusual.]

Pope.

To hew down, to cut down; to fell by cutting.

To hew off, to cut off; to separate by a cutting instrument.

Hewed

HEW'ED, participle passive Cut and made smooth or even; chopped; hacked; shaped by cutting or by a chisel.

Hewer

HEW'ER, noun One who hews wood or stone.

Hewing

HEW'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting and making smooth or even; chopping; hacking; forming by the chisel.

Hewn

HEWN, participle passive The same as hewed.

Hexade

HEX'ADE, noun [Greek, six.] A series of six numbers.

Med. Repos.

Hexachord

HEX'ACHORD, noun [Greek, six, and, a chord.]

In ancient music, an imperfect chord called a sixth. Also, an instrument of six chords, or system of six sounds.

Rousseau.

Hexagon

HEX'AGON, noun [Greek, six, and, an angle.]

In geometry, a figure of six sides and six angles. If the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular hexagon. The cells of honeycomb are hexagons, and it is remarkable that bees instinctively form their cells of this figure which fills any given space without any interstice or loss of room.

Hexagonal

HEXAG'ONAL, adjective Having six sides and six angles.

Hexagony

HEXAG'ONY, for hexagon, is not used.

Hexagyn

HEX'AGYN, noun [Greek, six, and, a female.] In botany, a plant that has six pistils.

Hexagynian

HEXAGYN'IAN, adjective Having six pistils.

Hexahedral

HEXAHE'DRAL, adjective Of the figure of a hexahedron; having six equal sides.

Hexahedron

HEXAHE'DRON, noun, [Greek, six, and, a base or seat.] A regular solid body of six sides; a cube.

Hexahemeron

HEXAHEM'ERON, noun [Greek, six, and, day.] The term of six days.

Good.

Hexameter

HEXAM'ETER, noun [Greek, six, and, measure.]

In ancient poetry, a verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad of Homer and the AEneid of virgil.

Diva so/lo fix/os ocu/los a /versa ten/ebat.

Virgil.

Hexameter

HEXAM'ETER, adjective Having six metrical feet.

Hexametric

HEXAMET'RIC, or HEXAMET'RICAL, adjective Consisting of six metrical feet.

Warton.

Hexander

HEXAN'DER, noun [Greek, six, and, male.] In botany, a plant having six stamens.

Hexandrian

HEXAN'DRIAN, adjective Having six stamens.

Hexangular

HEXAN'GULAR, adjective [Greek, six, and angular.] Having six angles or corners.

Hexaped

HEX'APED, adjective [Greek, six, and, Latin pes, pedis, the foot.] Having six feet.

Hexaped

HEX'APED, noun An animal having six feet. [Ray, and Johnson after him write this hexapod; but it is better to pursue uniformity, as in quadruped, centiped.]

2. A fathom. [Not in use.]

Hexapetalous

HEXAPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, six, and, a leaf, a petal.] Having six petals or flower-leaves.

Hexaphyllous

HEXAPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, six, and, a leaf.] Having six leaves.

Hexaplar

HEX'APLAR, adjective [Greek, six, and, to unfold.]

Sextuple; containing six columns; from Hexapla, the work of Origen, or an edition of the Bible, containing the original Hebrew, and several Greek versions.

Hexastich

HEXAS'TICH, noun [Greek, six, and, a verse.]

A poem consisting of six verses.

Johnson. Weever.

Hexastyle

HEX'ASTYLE, noun [Greek, six, and, a column.]

A building with six columns in front.

Encye.

Hey

HEY. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation, the contrary to the Latin hei.

Prior.

Heyday

HEYDAY, exclam. [Qu. high-day.] An expression of frolick and exultation, and sometimes of wonder.

Shak.

Heyday

HEYDAY, noun A frolick; wildness.

Shak.

Hiation

HIA'TION, noun [Latin hio, to open or gape.] The act of gaping. [Not used.]

Hiatus

HIA'TUS, noun [Latin from hio, to open or gape. Greek.]

1. An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm.

2. The opening of the mouth in reading or speaking, when a word ends with a vowel, and the following word begins with a vowel.

Pope.

3. A defect; a chasm in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced.

Encyc.

Hibernacle

HI'BERNACLE, noun [Latin hibernacula, winterquarters.]

1. In botany, the winter-quarters of a plant, that is, a bulb or a bud, in which the embryo of a future plant is inclosed by a sealy covering and protected from injuries during winter.

Barton. Martyn.

2. The winter-lodge of a wild animal.

Hibernal

HIBERN'AL, adjective [Latin hibernus.] Belonging or relating to winter.

Brown.

Hibernate

HI'BERNATE, v.i. [Latin hiberno; Italian vernare.]

To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion, as birds or beasts.

Darwin.

Hibernation

HIBERNA'TION, noun The passing of winter in a close lodge, as beasts and fowls that retire in cold weather.

Darwin.

Hibernian

HIBER'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland.

Hibernian

HIBER'NIAN, noun A native of Ireland.

Hibernicism

HIBERN'ICISM, noun An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish.

Todd.

Hiberno-Celtic

HIBERNO-CELTIC, noun The native language of the Irish; the Gaelic.

Hiccius Doccius. [Qu. hic est doctus.] A cant word for a juggler.

Hudibras.

Hiccough

HIC'COUGH, or HICK'UP, noun [Danish hik or hikken; Swedish hicka; Dutch hik, hikken, French hoquet Welsh ig, igian; Armoric hicq. The English is a compound of hic and cough; and hic may be allied to hitch, to catch. The word is generally pronounced hickup.]

A spasmodic affection of the stomach, esophagus, and muscles subservient to deglutition.

Encyc. Parr.

Convulsive catch of the respiratory muscles, with sonorous inspiration; repeated at short intervals.

Good.

Hiccough

HIC'COUGH, or HICK'UP, v.i. To have a spasmodic affection of the stomach from repletion or other cause.

Hickory

HICK'ORY, noun A tree, a species of Juglans or walnut. Its nut is called hickory-nut.

Hickwall

HICK'WALL, or HICK'WAY, noun [Qu. hitchwall.] A small species of woodpecker.

Hid

HID, or HID'DEN, participle passive of hide. Concealed; placed in secrecy.

2. adjective Secret; unseen.

3. Mysterious.

Hidage

HI'DAGE, noun [from hide, a quantity of land.] An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land.

Hidalgo

HIDAL'GO, noun In Spain, a man of noble birth.

Hiddenly

HID'DENLY, adverb In a hidden or secret manner.

Hide

HIDE, v.t. pret. hid; pp. hid, hidden. [Saxon hydan; Welsh cuziaw, Armoric cuza, or cuddyo, or kytho; Cornish kitha; Russian kutayu; Greek In Swedish hydda, Danish hytte, is a hut; and the Swedish hyda, f?rhyda, Danish forhuer, to sheathe a ship, seem to be the same word. Hood, as well as hut, may belong to this root. See Class Gd. No.26.31.43.55.]

1. To conceal; to withhold or withdraw from sight; to place in any state or position in which the view is intercepted from the object. The intervention of the moon between the earth and the sun hides the latter from our sight. The people in Turkey hide their grain in the earth. No human being can hide his crimes or his neglect of duty from his Maker.

2. To conceal from knowledge; to keep secret.

Depart to the mountains; hide yourselves there three days. Joshua 2.

Tell me now what thou hast doneÃ‚--hide it not from me. Joshua 7.

3. In Scripture, not to confess or disclose; or to excuse and extenuate.

I acknowledged my sin to thee, and my iniquity have I not hid. Psalm 32.

4. To protect; to keep in safety.

In the time of trouble, he shall hide me in his pavilion. Psalm 27.

To hide the face from, to overlook; to pardon.

Hide thy face from my sins. Psalm 51.

To hide the face, to withdraw spiritual presence, support and consolation.

Thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled. Psalm 30.

To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection.

The prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself. Proverbs 22.

Hide

HIDE, v.i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight.

Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide.

Pope.

Hide and seek, a play of boys, in which some hide themselves and another seeks them.

Gulliver.

Hide

HIDE, noun [According to Lye, Saxon Dict. under weal-stylling this word signified originally a station, covered place, or place of refuge for besiegers against the attacks of the besieged. Qu.]

In the ancient laws of England, a certain portion of land, the quantity of which however is not well ascertained. Some authors consider it as the quantity that could be tilled with one plow; others, as much as would maintain a family. Some suppose it to be 60, some 80, and others 100 acres.

Spelman. Encyc.

Hide

HIDE, noun [Saxon hyd, hyde; German haut; Dutch huid; Swedish and Danish hud; Latin cutis; Greek;; either a peel, from stripping, separating, or a cover.]

1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; more generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, &c.

2. The human skin; in contempt.

Dryden.

Hidebound

HI'DEBOUND, adjective A hourse is hidebound, when his skin sticks so closely to his ribs and back, as not to be easily loosened or raised.

Far. Diet.

Trees are said to be hidebound, when the bark is so close or firm that it impedes the growth.

Bacon.

2. Harsh; untractable. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

3. Niggardly; penurious. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Hideous

HID'EOUS, adjective [French hideux; Norm. hidous, from hide, fright, dread.]

1. Frightful to the sight; dreadful; shocking to the eye; applied to deformity; as a hideous monster; a hideous spectacle; hideous looks.

Shak. Dryden.

2. Shocking to the ear; exciting terror; as a hideous noise.

Woodward.

3. Detestable.

Spenser.

Hideously

HID'EOUSLY, adverb In a manner to frighten; dreadfully; shockingly.

Shak.

Hideousness

HID'EOUSNESS, noun Frightfulness to the eye; dreadfulness; horribleness.

Hider

HI'DER, noun [from hide.] One who hides or conceals.

Hiding

HI'DING, participle of the present tense Concealing; covering or withdrawing from view; keeping close or secret.

Hiding

HI'DING, noun Concealment. Habakkuk 3.

2. Withdrawment; a withholding; as the hidings of God's face.

Milner.

Hiding-Place

HI'DING-PLACE, noun A place of concealment.

Hie

HIE, v.i. [Saxon higan, higian, to hasten, to urge forward, to press, to endeavor; also, hiegan and higgan, to be urgent, to strive.]

1. To hasten; to move or run with haste; to go in haste; a word chiefly used in poetry.

The youth, returning to his mistress, hies.

Dryden.

2. With the reciprocal pronoun; as, hie thee home.

Hie

HIE, noun Haste; diligence. Obs. Chaucer.

Hierarch

HI'ERARCH, noun [Greek, sacred, and, a ruler or prince.]

The chief of a sacred order; particularly, the chief of an order of angels.

Milton.

Hierarchal

HIERARCH'AL, adjective Belonging to a hierarch.

Milton.

Hierarchical

HIERARCH'ICAL, adjective Belonging to a sacred order, or to ecclesiastical government.

Hierarchy

HI'ERARCHY, noun An order or rank of angels or celestial beings; or a subordination of holy beings. Some of the Rabbins reckon four, and others ten hierarchies, or orders of angels.

Encye.

2. Constitution and government of the christian church, or ecclesiastical polity, comprehending different orders of clergy; as the hierarchy of England.

Bacon.

Hieroglyph

HI'EROGLYPH, or HIEROGLYPH'IC, noun [Greek, sacred, and, to carve.]

1. In antiquity, a sacred character; a mystical character or symbol, used in writings and inscriptions, particularly by the Egyptians, as signs of sacred, divine, or supernatural things. The hieroglyphics were figures of animals, parts of the human body, mechanical instruments, &c., which contained a meaning known only to kings and priests. It is supposed they were used to vail morality, politics, &c., from vulgar eyes.

Encyc.

2. Pictures intended to express historical facts; supposed to be the primitive mode of writing.

3. The art of writing in picture.

Swift.

Hieroglyphic

HIEROGLYPH'IC, or HIEROGLYPH'ICAL, adjective Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures or figures; as hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk.

Hieroglyphically

HIEROGLYPH'ICALLY, adverb Emblematically; by characters or pictures expressive of facts or moral qualities. The Mexicans wrote history hieroglyphically.

Hierogram

HI'EROGRAM, noun [Greek, sacred, and, letter.] A species of sacred writing.

Hierogrammatic

HIEROGRAMMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, sacred, and, letter.]

Denoting a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal characters, used only by the priests in Egypt.

Warburton.

Hierogrammatist

HIEROGRAM'MATIST, noun A writer of hieroglyphics.

Hierographic

HIEROGRAPH'IC, or HIEROGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to sacred writing.

Hierography

HIEROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, holy, and, to write.] Sacred writing. [Little used.]

Hierology

HIEROL'OGY, noun [Greek and.] A discourse on sacred things.

Hieromancy

HIEROM'ANCY, noun [Greek, sacred, and, divination.]

Divination by observing the various things offered in sacrifice.

Encyc.

Hieromnemon

HIEROM'NEMON, noun [Greek, sacred, and, preserving memory.]

In ancient Greece, a magistrate who presided over the sacred rites and solemnities, &c.

Mitford.

Hierophant

HI'EROPHANT, noun [Greek; sacred, and, to show.]

A priest; one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion.

Hale.

Higgle

HIG'GLE, v.i. [In Danish hykler signifies to flatter, fawn, disguise or play the hypocrite; Swedish hyckla, id. In Welsh, hiciaw is to snap, to catch suddenly, to trick, as if allied to hitch. This word may be from the same root as Latin cocio. See Huckster.]

1. To carry provisions about and offer them for sale.

2. To chaffer; to be difficult in making a bargain.

It argues an ignorant mind, where we have wronged, to higgle and dodge in the amends.

Hale.

Higgledy-Piggledy

HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY, adverb In confusion; a low word.

Higgler

HIG'GLER, noun One who carries about provisions for sale.

2. One who chaffers in bargaining.

High

HIGH, a. hi. [Saxon heah, hig, heh or hih; German hoch; Dutch hoog; Swedish h?g; Danish hÃƒ-¶j. The Welsh uc, ucel, may be the same word, with the loss of the first letter.]

1. Extending a great distance above the surface of the earth; elevated; lofty; of great altitude; as a high mountain; a high tower.

2. Rising, or having risen, or being far above the earth; elevated; lofty; as a high flight; the clouds are high in the atmosphere.

3. Elevated above the horizon; as, how high is the sun? It is an hour high.

4. Raised above any object.

High o'er their heads a moldering rock is placed.

Dryden.

5. Exalted in nature or dignity.

The highest faculty of the soul.

Baxter.

6. Elevated in rank, condition or office. We speak of high and low; of a high office; high rank; high station; a high court.

7. Possessing or governed by honorable pride; noble; exalted; magnanimous; dignified; as a man of a high mind.

8. Exalted in excellence or extent.

Solomon lived at ease, nor aimed beyond Higher design than to enjoy his state.

Milton.

9. Difficult; abstruse.

They meet to hear, and answer such high things.

Shak.

10. Boastful; ostentatious.

His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.

Clarendon.

11. Arrogant; proud; lofty; loud.

The governor made himself merry with his high and threatening language.

Clarendon.

12. Loud; boisterous; threatening or angry. The parties had very high words.

13. Violent; severe; oppressive.

When there appeareth on either side a high hand, violent persecution, &c.

Bacon.

14. Public; powerful; triumphant; glorious; or under divine protection.

The children of Israel went out of Egypt with a high hand. Exodus 14.

15. Noble; illustrious; honorable; as a man of high birth.

16. Expressive of pride and haughtiness; as high looks. Isaiah 10.

17. Powerful; mighty.

Strong is thy hand, high is thy right hand. Psalm 89.

18. Possessed of supreme power, dominion or excellence.

Thou, Lord, art high above all the earth. Psalm 97.

19. Great; important; solemn; held in veneration.

For that sabbath-day was a high day. John 19.

20. Violent; rushing with velocity; tempestuous; as a high wind.

21. Tumultuous; turbulent; inflamed; violent; as high passions.

22. Full; complete. It is high time to retire.

It is high time to awake from sleep. Romans 13.

23. Raised; accompanied by, or proceeding from great excitement of the feelings; as high pleasure of body or mind.

24. Rich; luxurious; well seasoned; as high fare; high living; high sauces.

Milton. Bacon.

25. Strong; vivid; deep; as a high color.

26. Dear; of a great price, or greater price than usual; as, to purchase at a high rate; goods are high.

27. Remote from the equator north or south; as a high latitude.

28. Remote in past time; early in former time; as high antiquity.

29. Extreme; intense; as a high heat.

30. Loud; as a high sound. But more generally,

31. In music, acute; sharp; as a high note; a high voice; opposed to low or grave.

32. Much raised; as high relief [alto relievo.]

33. Far advanced in art or science; as high attainments.

34. Great; capital; committed against the king, sovereign or state; as high treason, distinguished from petty treason, which is committed against a master or other superior.

35. Great; exalted; as a high opinion of one's integrity.

High church and low church, in Great Britain, a distinction introduced after the revolution. The high church were supposed to favor the papists, or at least to support the high claims to prerogative, which were maintained by the Stuarts. The low church entertained more moderate notions, manifested great enmity to popery, and were inclined to circumscribe the royal prerogatives. This distinction is now less marked, but not wholly obliterated.

High day, high noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian.

High Dutch, is the German language, as distinguished from Low Dutch or Belgic, or the cultivated German, as opposed to the vulgar dialects.

High

HIGH, adverb Aloft; to a great altitude; as towering high.

2. Eminently; greatly.

Heaven and earth

Shall high extol thy praises.

Milton.

3. With deep thought; profoundly.

He reasoned high.

Milton.

4. Powerfully.

Milton.

High

HIGH, noun An elevated place; superior region; as on high; from on high.

On high, aloud. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Aloft.

High-Aimed

HIGH-AIMED, adjective Having grand or lofty designs.

Crashaw.

High-Arched

HIGH-ARCHED, adjective Having elevated arches.

May.

High-Aspiring

HIGH-ASPI'RING, adjective Having elevated views; aiming at elevated objects.

Bp. Hall.

High-Blest

HIGH-BLEST, adjective Supremely happy.

Milton.

High-Blown

HIGH-BLOWN, adjective Swelled much with wind; inflated, as with pride or conceit.

Shak.

High-Born

HIGH-BORN, adjective Being of noble birth or extraction.

Rowe.

High-Built

HIGH-BUILT, adjective Of lofty structure.

Milton.

2. Covered with lofty buildings.

The high-built elephant his castle rears.

Creech.

High-Climbing

HIGH-CLIMBING, adjective Climbing to a great height.

2. Difficult to be ascended.

Milton.

High-Colored

HIGH-COLORED, adjective Having a strong, deep or glaring color.

Floyer.

2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; as a high-colored description.

High-Day

HIGH-DAY, adjective Fine; befitting a holiday.

Shak.

High-Designing

HIGH-DESIGNING, adjective Forming great schemes.

Dryden.

High-Embowed

HIGH-EMBOWED, adjective Having lofty arches.

Milton.

High-Engendered

HIGH-ENGEN'DERED, adjective Engendered aloft, or in the air.

Shak.

High-Fed

HIGH-FED, adjective Pampered; fed luxuriously.

Milton.

High-Flaming

HIGH-FLAMING, adjective Throwing flame to a great highth.

Pope.

High-Flier

HIGH-FLIER, noun One that carries his opinions to extravagance.

Swift.

High-Flown

HIGH-FLOWN, adjective Elevated; swelled; proud; as high-flown hopes.

Denham.

2. Turgid; swelled; extravagant; as a high-flown hyperbole.

L'Estrange.

High-Flushed

HIGH-FLUSHED, adjective Much elated.

Young.

High-Flying

HIGH-FLYING, adjective Extravagant in claims or opinions; as high-flying, arbitrary kings.

Dryden.

Highgate Resin. [See Fossil Copal.]

High-Gazing

HIGH-GAZING, adjective Looking upwards.

More.

High-Going

HIGH-GOING, adjective Moving rapidly.

Massenger.

High-Grown

HIGH-GROWN, adjective Having the crop considerably grown.

High-Heaped

HIGH-HEAPED, adjective Covered with high piles; as a high-heaped table.

Pope.

2. Raised in high piles.

Pope.

High-Hearted

HIGH-HE'ARTED, adjective Full of courage.

Beaum.

High-Heeled

HIGH-HEELED, adjective Having high heels.

Swift.

High-Hung

HIGH-HUNG, adjective Hung aloft; elevated.

Dryden.

High-Lived

HIGH-LIVED, adjective Pertaining to high life.

Goldsmith.

High-Mettled

HIGH-METTLED, adjective Having high spirit; ardent; full of fire; as a high-mettled steed.

High-Minded

HIGH-MINDED, adjective Proud; arrogant.

Be not high-minded, but fear. Romans 11.

2. Having honorable pride; magnanimous; opposed to mean.

High-Operation

HIGH-OPERATION, noun In surgery, a method of extracting the stone from the human bladder, by cutting the upper part of it.

Encyc.

High-Place

HIGH-PLACE, noun In Scripture, an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. Before the temple was built in Jerusalem, sacrifices were offered to Jehovah by his worshipers, on high places; but afterwards such mounds were devoted to idolatrous sacrifices.

High-Placed

HIGH-PLACED, adjective Elevated in situation or rank.

Shak.

High-Priest

HIGH-PRIEST, noun A chief priest.

Scripture.

High-Principled

HIGH-PRINCIPLED, adjective Extravagant in notions of politics.

Swift.

High-Raised

HIGH-RAISED, adjective Elevated; raised aloft.

Dryden.

2. Raised with great expectations or conceptions.

Milton.

High-Reaching

HIGH-REACHING, adjective Reaching to a great highth.

2. Reaching upwards.

Milton.

3. Ambitious; aspiring.

Shak.

High-Reared

HIGH-REARED, adjective Raised high; of lofty structure.

Shak.

High-Red

HIGH-RED, adjective Having a strong red color; deeply red.

Boyle.

High-Repented

HIGH-REPENT'ED, adjective Deeply repented. [Ill.]

Shak.

High-Resolved

HIGH-RESOLV'ED, adjective Very resolute.

Tit. Andron.

High-Roofed

HIGH-ROOFED, adjective Having a lofty or sharp roof.

Milton.

High-Seasoned

HIGH-SEASONED, adjective Enriched with spices or other seasoning.

High-Seated

HIGH-SEATED, adjective Fixed on high; seated in an elevated place.

Milton.

High-Sighted

HIGH-SIGHTED, adjective Always looking upward.

Shak.

High-Sounding

HIGH-SOUNDING, adjective Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as high-sounding words or titles.

High-Spirited

HIGH-SPIRITED, adjective Full of spirit or natural fire; easily irritated; irascible.

2. Full of spirit; bold; daring.

High-Stomached

HIGH-STOMACHED, adjective Having a lofty spirit; proud; obstinate.

Shak.

High-Swelling

HIGH-SWELLING, adjective Swelling greatly; inflated; boastful.

High-Swoln

HIGH-SWOLN, adjective Greatly swelled.

Shak.

High-Taper

HIGH-TAPER, noun A plant of the genus Verbascum.

Fam. of Plants.

High-Tasted

HIGH-TASTED, adjective Having a strong relish; piquant.

Denham.

High-Towered

HIGH-TOWERED, adjective Having lofty towers.

Milton.

High-Viced

HIGH-VICED, adjective Enormously wicked.

Shak.

High-Wrought

HIGH-WROUGHT, adjective Wrought with exquisite art or skill; accurately finished.

Pope.

2. Inflamed to a high degree; as high-wrought passion.

Highland

HIGHLAND, noun Elevated land; a mountainous region.

Highlands of Scotland, mountainous regions inhabited by the descendants of the ancient Celts, who retain their primitive language.

Highlands on the Hudson, sixty miles from New York. These afford most sublime and romantic scenery, and here is West Point, a fortified post during the revolution, and now the seat of one of the best military schools of the age.

Highlander

HIGHLANDER, noun An inhabitant of the mountains; as the Highlanders of Scotland.

Highlandish

HIGHLANDISH, adjective Denoting high or mountainous land.

Drummond.

Highly

HIGHLY, adverb hilly. With elevation in place.

2. In a great degree. We are highly favored. Exercise is highly requisite to health.

3. Proudly; arrogantly; ambitiously.

Shak.

4. With elevation of mind or opinion; with great estimation; as, to think highly of one's performances.

Highmost

HIGHMOST, adjective Highest. [Not used.]

Shak.

Highness

HIGHNESS, n. hi'ness. Elevation above the surface; loftiness; altitude; highth.

2. Dignity; elevation in rank, character or power.

3. Excellence; value.

Howell.

4. Violence; as the highness of wind.

5. Great amount; as the highness of price.

6. Acuteness; as the highness of a note or voice.

7. Intenseness, as of heat.

8. A title of honor given to princes or other men of rank.

Highth

HIGHTH, or HIGHT, noun [See Height.] Elevation; altitude; loftinesss. [It is very desirable that this noun should be regularly formed from the adjective.]

Hight, to call, to promise, to command, &c. is a false orthography, from Saxon, hatan. It is obsolete. [See Heat.]

Chaucer. Spenser.

Highwater

HIGHWATER, noun The utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation.

Highwater-Mark

HIGHWATER-MARK, noun The line made on the shore by the tide at its utmost highth.

Mar. Dict.

Highway

HIGHWA'Y, noun A public road; a way open to all passengers; so called, either because it is a great or public road, or because the earth was raised to form a dry path. Highways open a communication from one city or town to another.

2. Course; road; train of action.

Child.

Highwayman

HIGHWA'YMAN, noun One who robs on the public road, or lurks in the highway for the purpose of robbing.

Hilarate

HILARATE, is not in use. [See Exhilarate.]

Hilarity

HILAR'ITY, noun [Latin hilaritas; Greek, joyful, merry. If is radical, this cannot be from, to be propitious.]

Mirth; merriment; gayety. Hilarity differs from joy; the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, by social pleasure, drinking, &c. which rouse the animal spirits.

Hilary-Term

HIL'ARY-TERM, noun The term of courts, &c. which begins January 23.

England.

Hild

HILD, German and Dutch held, Danish heldt, a hero, is retained in names; as Hildebert, a bright hero; Mathild, Matilda, a heroic lady.

Hilding

HILD'ING, noun [Qu. Saxon hyldan, to decline, or hyldeleas, destitute of affection.]

A mean, sorry, paltry man or woman.

Obs.

Shak.

Hill

HILL, noun [Saxon hill or hyl; Latin collis; perhaps Greek. It cannot be the German hÃƒ-¼gel, Dutch heuvel, unless contracted.]

1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence. A hill is less than a mountain, but of no definite magnitude, and is sometimes applied to a mountain. Jerusalem is seated on two hills. Rome stood on seven hills.

2. A cluster of plants, and the earth raised about them; as a hill of maiz or potatoes.

U. States.

Hill

HILL, v.t. To raise earth about plants; to raise a little mass of earth. Farmers in New England hill their maiz in July. Hilling is generally the third hoeing.

2. To cover. Obs. [Saxon helan; Latin celo.]

Hilled

HILL'ED, participle passive or adjective Having hills.

Hilling

HILL'ING, noun A covering. Obs.

2. The act of raising the earth around plants.

Hillock

HILL'OCK, noun A small hill.

Milton. Dryden.

Hillside

HILL'SIDE, noun The side or declivity of a hill.

J. Barlow.

Hilly

HILL'Y, adjective Abounding with hills; as a hilly country.

Hilt

HILT, noun [Saxon hilt, the hold, from healdan, to hold.]

The handle of any thing; but chiefly applied to the handle of a sword.

Hilted

HILT'ED, adjective Having a hilt.

Hilum

HI'LUM, noun [Latin; Welsh hil, a particle, issue.]

The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar of the umbilical chord, by which the seed adheres to the pericarp.

Martyn.

Him

HIM, pronoun The objective case of he, Latin eum, anciently em or im.

Him that is weak in the faith receive. Romans 14.

Him and his were formerly used for nouns of the neuter gender, but the practice is obsolete.

Himself

HIMSELF', pronoun In the nominative or objective case. [him and self.]

1. He; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive of distinct personality than he.

With shame remembers, while himself was one

Of the same herd, himself the same had done.

Denham.

2. When himself is added to he, or to a noun, it expresses discrimination of person with particular emphasis.

But he himself returned from the quarries, Judges 3.

But God himself is with us for our captain. 2 Chronicles 13.

3. When used as the reciprocal pronoun, it is not usually emphatical.

David hid himself in the field. 1 Samuel 20.

4. It was formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns; as high as heaven himself. [This use is now improper.]

5. It is sometimes separated from he; as, he could not go himself, for he himself could not go.

6. Himself is used to express the proper character, or natural temper and disposition of a person, after or in opposition to wandering of mind, irregularity, or devious conduct from derangement, passion or extraneous influence. We say, a man has come to himself, after delirious or extravagant behavior. Let the man alone; let him act himself.

By himself, alone; unaccompanied; sequestered. He sits or studies by himself.

Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself. 1 Kings 18.

Hin

HIN, noun [Hebrew.] A Hebrew measure of capacity containing the sixth part of an ephah, or about five quarts English measure.

Encyc.

Hind

HIND, noun [Saxon German, Dutchhinde; Swedish, Danishhind; allied perhaps to han, hen. See Hen.]

The female of the red deer or stag.

Hind

HIND, noun [Saxon hine; Scot. hyne.] A domestic; a servant. Obs.

Shak.

2. A peasant; a rustic; or a husbandman's servant. [English.]

Encyc.

Hind

HIND, adjective [Saxon hyndan, hindan; German hintan; Dutch hinder. Deriv. comp. hinder, superl, hindmost.]

Backward; pertaining to the part which follows; in opposition to the fore part; as the hind legs of a quadruped; the hind toes; the hind shoes of a horse; the hind part of an animal.

Hindberry

HINDBERRY, noun A species of Rubus.

Hinder

HINDER, a. comp. of hind. That is in a position contrary to that of the head or fore part; designating the part which follows; as the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder part of a ship, or the stern. Acts 27.

Hinder

HIN'DER, v.t. [Saxon henan, hynan, hindrian; German hindern; Dutch hinderen; Swedish hindra; Danish hindrer; from hind, hyn. The Saxon verbs henan, hynan, signify to oppress, as well as to hinder, and hean is low, humble, poor. Qu. Latin cunctor, or Greek, for. See Class Gn. No.4.14.41.]

1. To stop; to interrupt; to obstruct; to impede or prevent from moving forward by any means. It is applicable to any subject, physical, moral or intellectual.

Them that were entering in, ye hindered. Luke 11.

2. To retard; to check in progression or motion; to obstruct for a time, or to render slow in motion. Cold weather hinders the growth of plants, or hinders them from coming to maturity in due season. Let no obstacle hinder daily improvement.

3. To prevent.

What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right?

Locke.

Hinder

HIN'DER, verb intransitive To interpose obstacles or impediments.

This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some commanderÃ‚--may be written.

Dryden.

Hinderance

HIN'DERANCE, noun The act of impeding or restraining motion.

2. Impediment; that which stops progression or advance; obstruction.

He must remove all these hinderances out of the way.

Atterbury.

Hindered

HIN'DERED, participle passive Stopped; impeded; obstructed; retarded.

Hinderer

HIN'DERER, noun One who stops or retards; that which hinders.

Hindering

HIN'DERING, participle of the present tense Stopping; impeding; obstructing; retarding.

Hindermost

HINDERMOST, adjective That which is behind all others; the last. [But we now use hindmost.]

Hindmost

HINDMOST, adjective The last; that is in the rear of all others.

He met thee in the way, and smote the hindmost of thee. Deuteronomy 25.

Hindoo

HIN'DOO, noun An aboriginal of Hindoostan, or Hindostan.

Hinge

HINGE, n. hinj. [This word appears to be connected with hang, and with angle, the verb; German angel, a hook or hinge; Dutch hengzel, a hinge, a handle.]

1. The hook or joint on which a door or gate turns.

The gate self-opened wide

On golden hinges turning.

Milton.

2. That on which any thing depends or turns; a governing principle, rule or point. This argument was the hinge on which the question turned.

3. A cardinal point; as east, west, north or south. [Little used.]

Creech.

To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of disorder or irregularity.

Tillotson.

Hinge

HINGE, verb transitive To furnish with hinges.

2. To bend. [Little used.]

Shak.

Hinge

HINGE, verb intransitive To stand, depend or turn, as on a hinge. The question hinges on this single point.

Hinging

HING'ING, participle of the present tense Depending; turning.

Hint

HINT, verb transitive [Italian cenno, a nod, or hint; accennare, to nod, or beckon.]

To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to allude to; to suggest by a slight intimation.

Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike.

Pope.

Hint

HINT, verb intransitive To hint at, is to allude to; to mention slightly.

Hint

HINT, noun A distant allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a word or two intended to give notice, or remind one of something without a full declaration or explanation.

2. Suggestion.

Hip

HIP, noun [Saxon hipe, hype, hypp; German hÃƒ-¼fte; Dutch heupi; Swedish h?ft; Danish hofte. It coincides with heap, Saxon hype, and probably signifies a mass or lump.]

The projecting part of an animal formed by the osilium or haunch bone; the haunch, or the flesh that covers the bone and the adjacent parts; the joint of the thigh.

To have on the hip, to have the advantage over one; a low phrase borrowed probably from wrestlers.

Hip and thigh, complete overthrow or defeat. Judges 15.

Hip

HIP, verb transitive To sprain or dislocate the hip.

Hip

HIP, or HOP, noun The fruit of the dog-rose, or wild brier.

Hippelaph

HIP'PELAPH, noun An animal of the deer kind, in Norway, about the size of the elk, and partaking of the nature of the horse and the stag.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Hip

HIP, HIPPED, HIPPISH. [See Hyp.]

Hiphalt

HIP'HALT, adjective [hip and halt.] Lame; limping. Obs.

Gower.

Hippocamp

HIP'POCAMP, noun [Greek; a horse, and, to bend.] A name given to the sea-horse.

Browne.

Hippocentaur

HIPPOCEN'TAUR, noun [Greek; a horse, to spur, and, a bull.]

In ancient fable, a supposed monster, half man and half horse. The hippocentaur differed from the centaur in this, that the latter rode on an ox, and the former on a horse, as the name imports.

Encyc.

Hippocras

HIP'POCRAS, noun [French quasi, wine of Hippocrates.]

A medicinal drink, composed of wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients; used as a cordial. That directed by the late London Dispensary, is to be made of cloves, ginger, cinnamon and nutmegs, beat and infused in canary with sugar; to the infusion, milk, a lemon, and some slips of rosemary are to be added, and the whole strained through flannel.

Encyc.

Hippocrates' sleeve, a kind of bag, made by uniting the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel, used for straining syrups and decoctions.

Quincy.

Hippocratic face, [Latin facies hippocratica,] pale, sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal symptom in diseases.

Parr.

Hippocratism

HIPPOC'RATISM, noun The philosophy of Hippocrates, as it regards medicine.

Chambers.

Hippodame

HIP'PODAME, noun A sea-horse.

Spenser.

Hippodrome

HIP'PODROME, noun [Greek; a horse, and, a course, from, to run.]

Anciently, a circus, or place in which horse races and chariot races were performed, and horses exercised.

Encyc.

Hippogriff

HIP'POGRIFF, noun [French hippogriffe, from Greek, a horse, and, a griffon.]

A fabulous animal or monster, half horse and half griffon; a winged horse, imagined by Ariosto.

Johnson. Milton.

Hippolith

HIP'POLITH, noun [Greek, a horse, and, a stone.]

A stone found in the stomach or intestines of a horse.

Quincy.

Hippomane

HIP'POMANE, noun [Greek, a horse, and, madness.]

1. A sort of poisonous substance, used anciently as a philter or love-charm.

Encyc.

2. In botany, the manchineel-tree, which abounds with a milky juice which is acrid, caustic and poisonous.

Encyc.

Hippophagous

HIPPOPH'AGOUS, adjective Feeding on horses, as the Tartars.

Hippophagy

HIPPOPH'AGY, noun [Greek, a horse, and, to eat.]

The act or practice of feeding on horses.

Quart. Rev.

Hippopotamy

HIPPOPOT'AMY, or HIPPOPOT'AMUS, noun [Greek, a horse, and, a river.]

The river-horse, an animal that inhabits the Nile and other rivers in Africa. This animal resembles a hog rather than a horse, and was named perhaps from his neighing voice. He has been found of the length of 17 feet. He delights in the water, but feeds on herbage on land.

Encyc.

Hiproof

HIP'ROOF, noun [hip and roof.] A roof that has an angle.

Hipshot

HIP'SHOT, adjective [hip and shot.] Having the hip dislocated.

L'Estrange.

Hipwort

HIP'WORT, noun A plant.

Hire

HIRE, verb transitive [Saxon hyran; Dutch huuren; Swedish hyra; Danish hyrer; Welsh huriaw; Chaldee Syriac

Samaritan, Arabic, to hire. Class Greek No. 10.]

1. To procure from another person and for temporary use, at a certain price, or for a stipulated or reasonable equivalent; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire a horse for a day; to hire money at legal interest.

2. To engage in service for a stipulated reward; to contract with for a compensation; as, to hire a servant for a year; to hire laborers by the day or month.

3. To bribe; to engage in immoral or illegal service for a reward.

To hire out one's self, to let; to engage one's service to another for a reward.

They have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam. 2.

To hire, or to hire out, to let; to lease; to grant the temporary use of a thing for a compensation. He has hired out his house or his farm.

Hire

HIRE, noun [Saxon hyre. Qu. can the Greek be of this family?]

1. The price, reward or compensation paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use of any thing.

2. Wages; the reward or recompense paid for personal service.

The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke 10.

Hired

HI'RED, participle passive Procured or taken for use, at a stipulated or reasonable price; as a hired farm.

2. Employed in service for a compensation; as a hired man; a hired servant.

Hireling

HI'RELING, noun One who is hired, or who serves for wages.

2. A mercenary; a prostitute.

Pope.

Hireling

HI'RELING, adjective Serving for wages; venal; mercenary; employed for money or other compensation.

A tedious crew

Of hireling mourners.

Dryden.

Hirer

HI'RER, noun One that hires; one that procures the use of any thing for a compensation; one who employs persons for wages, or contracts with persons for service.

Hiring

HI'RING, participle of the present tense Procuring the use of for a compensation.

Hirsute

HIRSU'TE, adjective [Latin hirsutus. Qu. hair.]

1. Hairy; rough with hair; shaggy; set with bristles.

2. In botany, it is nearly synonymous with hispid, but it denotes having more hairs or bristles, and less stiff.

Martyn.

Hirsuteness

HIRSU'TENESS, noun Hairiness.

Burton.

His

HIS, pronoun possessive of he, and pronounced hiz. [Saxon gen. hys, and hyse, male.]

1. Of him. Thus in Alfred's Orosius, "Sume for his ege ne dorstan." Some for fear of him durst not; literally, for his awe, for awe of him. Lib. 3. 8. In this instance, his does not express what belongs to the antecedent of his, [Philip,] but the fear which others entertained of him.

2. The present use of his is as a pronominal adjective, in any case indifferently, corresponding to the Latin. Thus, tell John his papers are ready. I will deliver his papers to his messenger. He may take his son's books. When the noun is omitted, his stands as its substitute, either in the nominative or objective case. Tell John this book is his. He may take mine and I will take his.

3. His was formerly used for its, but improperly, and the use has ceased.

4. It was formerly used as the sign of the possessive. The man his ground, for the man's ground. This use has also ceased.

5. His is still used as a substitute for a noun, preceded by of; as all ye saints of his; ye ministers of his.

Scripture.

Hisself is no longer used.

Hisingerite

HIS'INGERITE, noun A mineral found in the cavities of calcarious spar, in Sudermanland.

Phillips.

Hispid

HIS'PID, adjective [Latin hispidus.] Rough.

2. In botany, having strong hairs or bristles; beset with stiff bristles.

Martyn.

Hiss

HISS, verb intransitive [Saxon hysian, hiscan, hispan, hyspan.]

1. To make a sound by driving the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth; to give a strong aspiration, resembling the noise made by a serpent and some other animals, or that of water thrown on hot iron. Hissing is an expression of contempt.

The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezekiel 27.

2. To express contempt or disapprobation by hissing.

3. To whiz, as an arrow or other thing in rapid flight.

Hiss

HISS, verb transitive To condemn by hissing; to explode. The spectators hissed him off the stage.

2. To procure hisses or disgrace.

Ã‚--That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker.

Shak.

Hiss

HISS, noun The sound made by propelling the breath between the tongue and upper teeth; the noise of a serpent, a goose, &c.

He hiss for hiss returned.

Milton.

2. An expression of contempt or disapprobation, used in places of public exhibition.

Hissing

HISS'ING, participle of the present tense Making the noise of serpents.

Hissing

HISS'ING, noun A hissing sound; an expression of scorn or contempt.

2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.

I will make this city desolate, and a hissing. Jeremiah 19.

Hissingly

HISS'INGLY, adverb With a whistling sound.

Sherwood.

Hist

HIST, exclam. [Danish hyst. In Welsh, hust is a low, buzzing sound.]

A word commanding silence; equivalent to hush, be silent.

Historial

HISTO'RIAL, adjective Historical. Obs.

Chaucer.

Historian

HISTO'RIAN, noun [French historien; Latin historicus; Italian istorico. See History.]

A write or compiler of history; one who collects and relates facts and events in writing, particularly respecting nations. Hume is called an elegant historian.

Historic

HISTOR'IC, or HISTOR'ICAL, adjective [Latin historicus; French historique.] Containing history, or the relation of facts; as a historical poem; the historic page; historic brass.

Pope.

2. Pertaining to history; as historic care or fidelity.

3. Contained in history; deduced from history; as historical evidence.

4. Representing history; as a historical chart; historical painting.

Historically

HISTOR'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of history; by way of narration.

The Gospels declare historically something which our Lord Jesus Christ did, spoke or suffered.

Hooker.

Historied

HIS'TORIED, adjective Recorded in history. [Not much in use.]

Historier

HISTO'RIER, noun A historian. Obs.

Historify

HIS'TORIFY, verb transitive To relate; to record in history. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Historiographer

HISTORIOG'RAPHER, noun [Greek, history, and, to write.]

A historian; a writer of history; particularly, a professed historian; an officer employed to write the history of a prince or state; as the historiographer of his Britannic majesty.

Historiography

HISTORIOG'RAPHY, noun The art or employment of a historian.

Historiology

HISTORIOL'OGY, noun A discourse on history, or the knowledge of history. [Not in use.]

History

HIS'TORY, noun [Greek; Latin Spanish Portugese historia; Italian istoria; French histoire; Irish sdair, stair; Saxon stair, ster, probably from the Latin; Welsh ysdori, history, matter of record, what is of concern or in mind, from ysdawr, an object of care or concern, from dawr, to care, to be concerned, to regard. The Greek signifies knowing, learned, and is rendered to inquire, to explore, to learn by inspection or inquiry. This would seem to be connected with Welsh ystyriaw, to consider, to regard or take notice. History and story are the same word differently written.]

1. An account of facts, particularly of facts respecting nations or states; a narration of events in the order in which they happened, with their causes and effects. History differs from annals. Annals relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order, without any observations of the annalist. History regards less strictly the arrangement of events under each year, and admits the observations of the writer. This distinction however is not always regarded with strictness.

History is of different kinds, or treats of different subjects; as a history of government, or political history; history of the christian church, or ecclesiastical history; history of war and conquests, or military history; history of law; history of commerce; history of the crusades, &c. In these and similar examples, history is written narrative or relation. What is the history of nations, but a narrative of the follies, crimes and miseries of man?

2. Narration; verbal relation of facts or events; story. We listen with pleasure to the soldier or the seaman, giving a history of his adventures.

What histories of toil could I declare?

Pope.

3. Knowledge of facts and events.

HistoryÃ‚--is necessary to divines.

Watts.

4. Description; an account of things that exist; as natural history, which comprehends a description of the works of nature, particularly of animals, plants and minerals; history of animals, or zoology; a history of plants.

5. An account of the origin, life and actions of an individual person. We say, we have a concise history of the prisoner in the testimony offered to the court.

A formal written account of an individual's life, is called biography.

History-Piece

HIS'TORY-PIECE, noun A representation of any remarkable event in painting, which exhibits the actors, their actions, and the attending events to the eye, by figures drawn to the life. This species of painting is called historical painting.

Histrion

HIS'TRION, noun A player. [Not in use.]

Pope.

Histrionic

HISTRION'IC, or HISTRION'ICAL, adjective [Latin histrionicus, from histrio, a buffoon, an actor, or stage-player.]

Pertaining to a buffoon or comedian, or to a pantomime, who represents events or characters by gestures and dancing; belonging to stage-playing; befitting a theater; theatrical.

Johnson. Encyc.

Histrionically

HISTRION'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of a buffoon or pantomime; theatrically.

Histrionism

HIS'TRIONISM, noun The acts or practice of buffoons or pantomimes; stage-playing.

Southey.

Hit

HIT, verb transitive pret. and pp. hit. [Swedish hitta, Danish hitter, to find, to meet, that is, to come to, to come or fall on. This word illustrates the signification of find.]

1. To strike or touch, either with or without force. We hit a thing with the finger, or with the head; a cannon ball hits a mast, or a wall.

2. To strike or touch a mark with any thing directed to that object; not to miss.

The archers hit him. I Samaritan xxxi.

3. To reach; to attain to.

Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes rightÃ‚--

Locke.

4. To suit; to be conformable.

Ã‚--Melancholy,

Whose saintly visage is too bright

To hit the sense of human sight.

Milton.

5. To strike; to touch properly; to offer the right bait.

There you hit himÃ‚--that argument never fails with him.

Dryden.

To hit off, to strike out; to determine luckily.

Temple.

2. To represent or describe exactly.

To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Hit

HIT, v.i. To strike; to meet or come in contact; to clash; followed by against or on.

If bodies be mere extension, how can they move and hit one against another.

Locke.

Corpuscles meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them.

Woodward.

2. To meet or fall on by good luck; to succeed by accident; not to miss.

And of it hits

Where hope is coldest, and despair most fits.

Shak.

3. To strike or reach the intended point; to succeed.

And millions miss for one that hits.

Swift.

To hit on or upon, to light on; to come to or fall on by chance; to meet or find, as by accident.

None of them hit upon the art.

Addison.

Hit

HIT, noun A striking against; the collision of one body against; another; the stroke or blow that touches any thing.

So he the famed Cilician fencer prais'd,

And at each hit with wonder seems amaz'd.

Dryden.

2. A chance; a casual event; as a lucky hit.

3. A lucky chance; a fortunate event.

Dryden.

4. A term in back-gammon. Three hits are equal to a gammon.

Hitch

HITCH, v.i. [Arabic to hitch along; Welsh hecian, to halt, hop, or limp, or hiciaw, to snap, to catch suddenly. Both may be of one family.]

1. To move by jerks, or with stops; as, in colloquial language, to hitch along.

Whoe'er offends, at some unlucky time

Slides in a verse, or hitches in a rhyme.

Pope.

2. To become entangled; to be caught or hooked.

South.

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses. [Not used in the U. States.]

4. To hop; to spring on one leg. [Local.]

Grose.

5. To move or walk.

Grose.

Hitch

HITCH, v.t. To hook; to catch by a hook; as, to hitch a bridle.

2. To fasten by hitching; as, to hitch a horse by a bridle, or to hitch him to a post.

New England.

Hitch

HITCH, noun A catch; any thing that holds, as a hook; an impediment.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, &c.

3. In seamen's language, a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or other object; as a clove hitch; a timber hitch, &c.

Mar. Dict.

4. A stop or sudden halt in walking or moving.

Hitched

HITCH'ED, participle passive Caught; hooked; fastened.

Hitchel

HITCH'EL, v.t. To hatchel. [Not used. See Hatchel.]

Hithe

HITHE, noun [Saxon hyth.] A port or small haven; as in Queenhithe, and Lambhithe, now Lambeth. [English.]

Hither

HITH'ER, adverb [Saxon hither or hider; Gothic hidre; Danish hid; Swedish hit.]

1. To this place; used with verbs signifying motion; as, to come hither; to proceed hither; to bring hither.

2. Hither and thither, to this place and that.

3. To this point; to this argument or topic; to this end. [Little used and not to be encouraged.]

Hither we refer whatever belongs to the highest perfection of man.

Hooker.

Hither

HITH'ER, adjective Nearest; towards the person speaking; as on the hither side of a hill; the hither end of the building.

Hithermost

HITH'ERMOST, adjective Nearest on this side.

Hale.

Hitherto

HITH'ERTO, adverb To this time; yet.

The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Joshua 17.

2. In any time, or every time till now; in time preceding the present.

More ample spirit than hitherto was wont.

Spenser.

3. To this place; to a prescribed limit.

Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job 38.

Hitherward

HITH'ERWARD, or HITH'ERWARDS, adverb This way; towards this place.

A puissant and mighty powerÃ‚--

Is marching hitherward in proud array.

Shak.

Hive

HIVE, noun [Saxon hyfe; Ethiopic kafo. Class

Gb. No. 88. In Welshcyf is the stem or stock of a tree, and cyfgwenyn, is a bee-hive. So in German bienenstock, Swedish bistock, bee-stock. The hive of wild bees is a hollow tree.]

1. A box, chest or kind of basket for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honey-bees. It is made of boards, straw or other materials.

2. A swarm of bees; or the bees inhabiting a hive.

Shak.

3. A company or society together, or closely connected. [Unusual.]

Swift.

Hive

HIVE, v.t. To collect into a hive; to cause to enter a hive; as, to hive bees.

Dryden Mortimer.

2. To contain; to receive, as a habitation, or place of deposit.

Where all delicious sweets are hived.

Cleaveland.

Hive

HIVE, v.i. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body.

Pope.

Hived

HI'VED, participle passive Lodged in a hive or shelter.

Hiver

HI'VER, noun One that collects bees into a hive.

Mortimer.

Hives

HIVES, noun [Scot. Qu.heave.] A disease, the croup, or cynanche trachealis; rattles.

Ho

HO, exclam. A word used by teamsters, to stop their teams. It has been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds.

There is no ho with them.

Dekker. Green.

This word is pronounced also who, or hwo.

Ho

HO, or HOA, exclam. [Latin eho]. A call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach.

What noise there, ho?

Shak.

Hoa, who's within?

Shak.

Hoar

HOAR, adjective [Saxon har; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic white.]

1. White; as hoar frost; hoar cliffs.

Thomson.

2. Gray; white with age; hoary; as a matron grave and hoar.

Spenser.

Hoar

HOAR, noun Hoariness; antiquity.

Burke.

Hoar

HOAR, v.i. To become moldy or musty. [Little used.]

Hoar-Frost

HOAR-FROST, noun The white particles of ice formed by the congelation of dew or watery vapors.

Hoard

HOARD, noun [Saxon hord, from gathering, hiding, or depositing.]

A store, stock or large quantity of any thing accumulated or laid up; a hidden stock; a treasure; as a hoard of provisions for winter; a hoard of money.

Shak. Woodward.

Hoard

HOARD, v.t. To collect and lay up a large quantity of anything; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly; as, to hoard grain or provisions; to hoard silver and gold.

Dryden.

It is sometimes followed by up, but without use; as, to hoard up provisions.

Hoard

HOARD, v.i. To collect and form a hoard; to lay up store.

Nor cared to hoard for those whom be did breed.

Spenser.

Hoarded

HOARDED, participle passive Collected and laid up in store.

Hoarder

HOARDER, noun One who lays up in store; one who accumulates and keeps in secret.

Hoarding

HOARDING, participle of the present tense Laying up in store.

2. adjective Instinctively collecting and laying up provisions for winter; as, the squirrel is a hoarding animal.

Hoared

HOARED, adjective Moldy; musty. [Not in use.]

Hoarhound

HOARHOUND. [See Horehound.]

Hoariness

HOARINESS, noun [from hoary.] The state of being white, whitish or gray; as the hoariness of the hair or head of old men.

Hoarse

HOARSE, adjective hors. [Syriac to be rough or hoarse.]

1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, as when affected with a cold.

2. Rough; grating; discordant; as the voice, or as any sound. We say, the hoarse raven; the hoarse resounding shore.

Dryden.

Hoarsely

HOARSELY, adverb With a rough, harsh, grating voice or sound.

Dryden.

Hoarseness

HOARSENESS, noun Harshness or roughness of voice or sound; preternatural asperity of voice.

Arbuthnot.

Hoary

HOARY, noun [See Hoar.] White or whitish; as the hoary willows.

Addison.

2. White or gray with age; as hoary hairs; a hoary head.

Reverence the hoary head.

Dwight.

3. Moldy; mossy, or covered with a white pubescence.

Botany.

Hoax

HOAX, noun [Saxon hucse, or hucx, contempt, irony, derision; or Welsh hoced, cheat, deceit, juggle, trick.]

Something done for deception or mockery; a trick played off in sport.

Hoax

HOAX, v.t. To deceive; to play a trick upon for sport, or without malice. [A colloquial word, but not elegant.]

Hob

HOB, or HUB noun [Danish hob, a heap; or Welsh hob, that which swells.]

The nave of a wheel; a solid piece of timber in which the spokes are inserted.

Washington.

Hob

HOB, noun A clown; a fairy.

Hobbism

HOB'BISM, noun The principles of the sceptical Thomas Hobbes.

Skelton.

Hobbist

HOB'BIST, noun A follower of Hobbes.

Hobble

HOB'BLE, v.i. [Welsh hobelu, to hop, to hobble. See Hop.]

1. To walk lamely, bearing chiefly on one leg; to limp; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.

The friar was hobbling the same way too.

Dryden.

2. To walk awkwardly, as when the feet are encumbered with a clog, or with fetters.

3. To move roughly or irregularly, as verse.

While you Pindaric truths rehearse,

She hobbles in alternate verse.

Prior.

Hobble

HOB'BLE, v.t. To perplex. [Not in use.]

Hobble

HOB'BLE, noun An unequal halting gait; an encumbered awkward step.

He has a hobble in his gait.

Swift.

2. Difficulty; perplexity.

Hobbledehoy

HOB'BLEDEHOY, noun A cant phrase for a boy at the age of puberty.

Swift.

Hobbler

HOB'BLER, noun One that hobbles.

Hobbler

HOB'BLER, noun [from hobby.] One who by his tenure was to maintain a hobby for military service; or one who served as a soldier on a hobby with light armor.

Encyc. Davies.

Hobbling

HOB'BLING, participle of the present tense Walking with a halting or interrupted step.

Hobblingly

HOB'BLINGLY, adverb With a limping or interrupted step.

Hobby

HOB'BY, noun [Welsh hobel, what stops or starts suddenly; Armoric hoberell; French hobereau.]

A kind of hawk; a hawk of the lure.

Encyc.

Hobby

HOB'BY, noun [Norm. French hobyn, and allied to the preceding.]

1. A strong active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; a nag; a pacing horse; a garran.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. A stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride.

3. Any favorite object; that which a person pursues with zeal or delight.

4. A stupid fellow.

Hobbyhorse

HOB'BYHORSE, noun [tautological.] A hobby; a wooden horse on which boys ride.

2. A character in the old May games.

Douce.

3. A stupid or foolish person.

Shak.

4. The favorite object of pursuit.

Hobgoblin

HOB'GOBLIN, noun [probably Welsh hob, hop, and goblin.] A fairy; a frightful apparition.

Hobit

HO'BIT, noun [Spanish hobus; German haubitze.] A small mortar, or short gun for throwing bombs. [See Howitzer, the common orthography.]

Hoblike

HOB'LIKE, adjective Clownish; boorish.

Cotgrave.

Hobnail

HOB'NAIL, noun [German hufnagel, hoof-nail.] A nail with a thick strong head, for shoeing horses.

Shak.

2. A clownish person; in contempt.

Milton.

Hobnailed

HOB'NAILED, adjective Set with hobnails; rough.

Dryden.

Hobnob

HOB'NOB, adverb [Qu. Saxon habban, noebban, have, not have.]

Take, or not take; a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.

Shak.

Hobson's choice, a vulgar proverbial expression, denoting without an alternative. It is said to have had its origin in the name of a person who let horses and coaches, and obliged every customer to take in his turn that horse which stood next the stable door.

Encyc.

Hoboy

HOBOY. [See Hautboy.]

Hock

HOCK, noun [Saxon hoh. See Hough.] The joint of an animal between the knee and the fetlock.

Johnson.

2. A part of the thigh.

Hock

HOCK, or HOCK'LE, v.t. To hamstring; to hough; to disable by cutting the tendons of the ham.

Hock

HOCK, noun [from Hochheim, in Germany.]

A sort of Rhenish wine; sometimes called hockamore.

Mortimer.

Hockday

HOCK'DAY, or HO'KEDAY, noun High day; a day of feasting and mirth, formerly held in England the second Tuesday after Easter, to commemorate the destruction of the Danes in the time of Ethelred.

Encyc.

Hockey

HOCK'EY, noun [German hoch, Saxon heah, high. Qu.] Harvest-home. [Not used.]

Hockherb

HOCK'HERB, noun A plant, the mallows.

Ainsworth.

Hockle

HOCK'LE, v.t. To hamstring.

Hanmer.

2. To mow.

Mason.

Hocuspocus

HOCUSPOCUS, adjective [Welsh hoced, a cheat or trick, and perhaps bwg or pwca, a hobgoblin.]

A juggler; a juggler's trick; a cheat used by conjurers.

Hudibras.

Hocuspocus

HOCUSPOCUS, v.t. To Cheat.

L'Estrange.

Hod

HOD, noun [French hotte.] A kind of tray for carrying mortar and brick, used in bricklaying. It is fitted with a handle and borne on the shoulder.

Hoddy-Doddy

HOD'DY-DODDY, noun An awkward or foolish person. Obs.

B.Johnson.

Hodge-Podge

HODGE-PODGE, or HOTCH-POTCH, noun [Qr. French hocher, to shake, or hachis, minced meat.]

A mixed mass; a medley of ingredients. [Vulgar.] [See Hotchpot.]

Hodiernal

HODIERN'AL, adjective [Latin hodiernus, from hodie, hoc die, this day]. Of this day; belonging to the present day.

Hodman

HOD'MAN, noun A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.

Hodmandod

HOD'MANDOD, noun A shell-fish, otherwise called dodman.

Bacon.

2. A shell-snail.

Hoe

HOE, n. ho. [German haue; Swedish hacka, and this is the Danish hakke, German hacke, a mattock; French houe. It seems this is from the root of hack and hew; Saxon heawian; Dutch houwen; German hacken, Swedish hacka, Danish hakker, to chop, to hack, to hew; French houer.]

A farmer's instrument for cutting up weeds and loosening the earth in fields and fields and gardens. It is in shape something like an adz, being a plate of iron, with an eye for a handle, which is set at an acute angle with the plate.

Hoe

HOE, v.t. To cut, dig, scrape or clean with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; to hoe the beds.

2. To clear from weeds; as, to hoe maiz; to hoe cabbages.

Hoe

HOE, v.i. To use a hoe.

Hoed

HO'ED, participle passive Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe.

Hoeing

HO'EING, participle of the present tense Cutting, scraping or digging with a hoe.

2. Clearing of weeds with a hoe.

Hofuful

HO'FUFUL, adjective [Saxon hohfull, hogfull; hoga, care, and full.] Carefull. Obs.

Hog

HOG, noun [Welsh hwÃƒ-§, a hog, a push or thrust; Armoric houch; probably so named from his snout, or from rooting; Spanish hocico, the snout of a beast; hocicar, to root.]

1. A swine; a general name of that species of animal.

2. In England, a castrated sheep of a year old.

Ash.

3. A bullock of a year old.

Ash.

4. A brutal fellow; one who is mean and filthy.

5. Among seamen, a sort of scrubbing-broom for scraping a ship's bottom under water.

Mar. Dict.

Hog

HOG, v.t. To scrape a ship's bottom under water.

2. [German hocken.] To carry on the back.

[Local.]

Grose.

3. To cut the hair short, like the bristles of a hog. [Local]

Hog

HOG, v.i. To bend, so as to resemble in some degree a hog's back; as, a ship hogs in lanching.

Hogcote

HOG'COTE, noun [hog and cote.] A shed or house for swine; a sty.

Mortimer.

Hogged

HOG'GED, participle passive Scraped under water.

2. Curving; having the ends lower than the middle.

Eton.

Hoggerel

HOG'GEREL, noun A sheep of the second year.

Ash.

A two year old ewe.

Ainsworth.

Hogget

HOG'GET, noun [Norm. hoget.] A sheep two years old.

Skinner.

2. A colt of a year old, called also hog-colt. [Local]

Grose.

3. A young boar of the second year.

Cyc.

Hoggish

HOG'GISH, adjective Having the qualities of a hog; brutish; gluttonous; filthy; meanly selfish.

Hoggishly

HOG'GISHLY, adverb In a brutish, gluttonous or filthy manner.

Hoggishness

HOG'GISHNESS, noun Brutishness; voracious greediness in eating; beastly filthiness; mean selfishness.

Hogh

HOGH, noun [See High.] A hill; a cliff. Obs.

Spenser.

Hogherd

HOG'HERD, noun [hog and herd.] A keeper of swine.

Browne.

Hogpen

HOG'PEN, noun [hog and pen.] A hogsty.

Hog-Plumbtree

HOG'-PLUMBTREE, noun A tree of the genus Spondias.

Hog-Ringer

HOG'-RINGER, noun One whose business is to put rings in the snouts of swine.

Hogs-Beans

HOG'S-BEANS, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Hogs-Fennel

HOG'S-FENNEL, noun A plant of the genus Peucedanum.

Hogs-Mushrooms

HOG'S-MUSHROOMS, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Hogshead

HOGS'HEAD, noun [Dutch oxhoofd; German oxhoft; Danish oxehoved; Swedish oxhufvud; that is, oxhead. The English orthography is grossly corrupt.]

1. A measure of capacity, containing 63 gallons.

2. In America, this name is often given to a butt, a cask containing from 110 to 120 gallons; as a hogshead of spirit or melasses.

3. A large cask, of indefinite contents.

Bacon.

Hogsty

HOG'STY, noun [hog and sty.] A pen or inclosure for hogs.

Hogwash

HOG'WASH, noun [hog and wash.] Swill; the refuse matters of a kitchen or brewery, or like matter for swine.

Arbuthnot.

Hohlspath

HO'HLSPATH, noun The mineral otherwise called macle, and chiastolite.

Hoiden

HOI'DEN, noun [Welsh hoeden, a flirt, a wanton, a coquet.] A rude, bold girl; a romp.

2. A rude, bold man. [Not used in the United States.]

Milton.

Hoiden

HOI'DEN, adjective Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic.

Young.

Hoidet

HOI'DET, v.i. To romp rudely or indecently.

Swift.

Hoist

HOIST, v.t. [originally hoise; but corrupted, perhaps beyond remedy. German hissen; Dutch hyssen; Swedish hissa; Danish hisser; French isser; Armoric icza; Spanish izar; Post. This appears by the German to be radically the same word as heat, which see.]

1. To raise; to lift.

We'll quickly hoist duke Humphrey from his seat.

Shak.

In popular language, it is a word of general application. But the word has two appropriate uses, one by seamen, and the other by milkmaids, viz.

2. To raise, to lift or bear upwards by means of tackle; and to draw up or raise, as a sail along the masts or stays, or as a flag, though by a single block only. Hoist the main-sail. Hoist the flag.

Mar. Dict.

3. To lift and move the leg backwards; a word of command used by milkmaids to cows, when they wish them to lift and set back the right leg.

Hoist

HOIST, noun In marine language, the perpendicular highth of a flag or ensign, as opposed to the fly, or breadth from the staff to the outer edge.

Encyc.

Hoisted

HOIST'ED, participle passive Raised; lifted; drawn up.

Hoisting

HOIST'ING, participle of the present tense Raising; lifting.

Hoity-Toity

HOITY-TOITY, an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt.

Hoity toity, what have I to do with dreams?

Congreve.

[Qu. Icelandic hauta, to leap.]

Holcad

HOLCAD, noun [Greek.] In ancient Greece, a large ship of burden.

Mitford.

Hold

HOLD, v.t. pret. held; pp. held Holden is obsolete in elegant writing. [Saxon healdan; German halten; Dutch houden, l suppressed; Swedish hÃƒ-¥lla; Danish holder; Greek, to hold or restrain; Hebrew, to hold or contain; Chaldee and Syriac to measure, that is, to limit; to confine, restrain, or shut up; Chaldee Syriacid; Arabic to keep, guard or preserve; Chaldee, to take, also to eat, to roar, to thunder. See Call. The primary sense is, to press, to strain. Class Gl. No. 18. 32. 36. 40.]

1. To stop; to contine; to restrain from escape; to keep fast; to retain. It rarely or never signifies the first act of seizing or falling on, but the act of retaining a thing when seized or confined. To grasp. is to seize, or to keep fast in the hand; hold coincides with grasp in the latter sense, but not in the former. We hold a horse by means of a bridle. An anchor holds a ship in her station.

2. To embrace and confine, with bearing or lifting. We hold an orange in the hand, or a child in the arms.

3. To connect; to keep from separation.

The loops held one curtain to another. Exodus 36.

4. To maintain, as an opinion. He holds the doctrine of justification by free grace.

5. To consider; to regard; to think; to judge, that is, to have in the mind.

I hold him but a fool.

Shak.

The Lord will not hold him guiltless, that taketh his name in vain. Exodus 20.

6. To contain, or to have capacity to receive and contain. Here is an empty basket that holds two bushels. This empty cask

holds thirty gallons. The church holds two thousand people.

7. To retain within itself; to keep from runing or flowing out. A vessel with holes in its bottom will not hold fluids.

They have hewed them out broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jeremiah 2.

8. To defend; to keep possession; to maintain.

With what arms

We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of empire.

Milton.

9. To have; as, to hold a place, office or title.

10. To have or possess by title; as, he held his lands of the king. The estate is held by copy of court-roll.

11. To refrain; to stop; to restrain; to withhold. Hold your laughter. Hold your tongue.

Death! what do'st? O, hold thy blow.

Crashaw.

12. To keep; as, hold your peace.

13. To fix; to confine; to compel to observe or fulfill; as, to hold one to his promise.

14. To confine; to restrain from motion.

The Most HighÃ‚--held still the flood till they had passed. 2 Esdras.

15. To confine; to bind; in a legal or moral sense. He is held to perform his covenants.

16. To maintain; to retain; to continue.

But still he held his purpose to depart.

17. To keep in continuance or practice.

And Night and Chaos, ancestors of nature, hold Eternal anarchy.

Milton.

18. To continue; to keep; to prosecute or carry on.

Seed-time and harvest, heat and hoary-frost,

Shall hold their course.

Milton.

19. To have in session; as, to hold a court or parliament; to hold a council.

20. To celebrate; to solemnize; as, to hold a feast.

21. To maintain; to sustain; to have in use or exercise; as, to hold an argument or debate.

22. To sustain; to support.

Thy right hand shall hold me. Psalm 139.

23. To carry; to wield.

They all hold swords, being expert in war. Cant. iii.

24. To maintain; to observe in practice.

Ye hold the traditions of men. Mark 7.

25. To last; to endure. The provisions will hold us, till we arrive in port. So we say, the provisions will last us; but the phrase is elliptical for will hold or last for us, the verb being intransitive.

To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose.

Observe the connection of ideas in the propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach.

Locke.

2. To reach forth; to put forward to view.

Cheyne.

To hold in, to restrain; to curb; to govern by the bridle.

Swift.

2. To restrain in general; to check; to repress.

Hooker.

To hold off, to keep at a distance.

Pope.

To hold on, to continue or proceed in; as, to hold on a course.

To hold out, to extend; to stretch forth.

The king held out to Esther the golden scepter. Esther 5.

2. To propose; to offer.

Fortune holds out these to you as rewards.

B. Jonson.

3. To continue to do or suffer.

He cannot long hold out these pangs. [Not used.]

To hold up, to raise; as, hold up your head.

2. To sustain; to support.

He holds himself up in virtue.

Sidney.

3. To retain; to withhold.

4. To offer; to exhibit. He held up to view the prospect of gain.

5. To sustain; to keep from falling.

To hold one's own, to keep good one's present condition; not to fall off, or to lose ground. In seamen's language, a ship holds her own, when she sails as fast as another ship, or keeps her course.

To hold, is used by the Irish, for to lay, as a bet, to wager. I hold a crown, or a dollar; but this is a vulgar use of the word.

Hold

HOLD, v.i. To be true; not to fail; to stand, as a fact or truth. This is a sound argument in many cases, but does not hold in the case under consideration.

The rule holds in lands as well as in other things.

Locke.

In this application, we often say, to hold true, to hold good. The argument holds good, in both cases. This holds true in most cases.

2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued.

Our force by land hath nobly held. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To last; to endure.

Bacon.

We now say, to hold out.

4. To continue.

While our obedience holds.

Milton.

5. To be fast; to be firm; not to give way, or part. The rope is strong; I believe it will hold. The anchor holds well.

6. To refrain.

His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping.

Dryden.

7. To stick or adhere. The plaster will not hold.

To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to preach; to proclaim.

L'Estrange.

To hold in, to restrain one's self. He was tempted to laugh; he could hardly hold in.

2. To continue in good luck. [Unusual.]

Swift.

To hold off, to keep at a distance; to avoid connection.

To hold of, to be dependent on; to derive title from.

My crown is absolute and holds of none.

Dryden.

To hold on, to continue; not to be interrupted.

The trade held on many years.

Swift.

2. To keep fast hold; to cling to.

3. To proceed in a course. Job 17.

To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue. A consumptive constitution may hold out a few years. He will accomplish the work, if his strength holds out.

2. Not to yield; not to surrender; not to be subdued. The garrison still held out.

To hold to, to cling or cleave to; to adhere.

Else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Matthew 6.

To hold under, or from, to have title from; as petty barons holding under the greater barons.

To hold with, to adhere to; to side with; to stand up for.

To hold plow, to direct or steer a plow by the hands, in tillage.

To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union.

Dryden. Locke.

To hold up, to support one's self; as, to hold up under misfortunes.

2. To cease raining; to cease, as falling weather; used impersonally. It holds up; it will hold up.

3. To continue the same speed; to run or move as fast.

Collier.

But we now say, to keep up.

To hold a wager, to lay, to stake or to hazard a wager.

Swift.

Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop; cease; forbear; be still.

Hold

HOLD, noun A grasp with the hand; an embrace with the arms; any act or exertion of the strength or limbs which keeps a thing fast and prevents escape. Keep your hold; never quit your hold.

It is much used after the verbs to take, and to lay; to take hold, or to lay hold, is to seize. It is used in a literal sense; as to take hold with the hands, with the arms, or with the teeth; or in a figurative sense.

Sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina. Exodus 15.

Take fast hold of instruction. Proverbs 4.

My soul took hold on thee.

Addison.

2. Something which may be seized for support; that which supports.

If a man be upon a high place, without a good hold, he is ready to fall.

Bacon.

3. Power of keeping.

On your vigor now,

My hold of this new kingdom all depends.

Milton.

4. Power of seizing.

The law hath yet another hold on you.

Shak.

5. A prison; a place of confinement.

They laid hands on them, and put them in hold till the next day. Acts 4.

6. Custody; safe keeping.

King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke.

Shak.

7. Power of influence operating on the mind; advantage that may be employed in directing or persuading another, or in governing his conduct.

FearÃ‚--by which God and his laws take the surest hold of us.

Tillotson.

Ã‚--Gives fortune no more hold of him than is necessary.

Dryden.

8. Lurking place; a place of security; as the hold of a wild beast.

9. A fortified place; a fort; a castle; often called a strong hold. Jeremiah 51.

10. The whole interior cavity of a ship, between the floor and the lower deck. In a vessel of one deck, the whole interior space from the keel or floor to the deck. That part of the hold which lies abaft the main-mast is called after-hold; that part immediately before the main-mast, the main-hold; that part about the fore-hatchway, the fore-hold.

Mar. Dict.

11. In music, a mark directing the performer to rest on the note over which it is placed. It is called also a pause.

Holdback

HOLDBACK, noun Hinderance; restraint.

Hammond.

Holder

HOLDER, noun One who holds or grasps in his hand, or embraces with his arms.

2. A tenant; one who holds land under another.

Carew.

3. Something by which a thing is held.

4. One who owns or possesses; as a holder of stock, or shares in a joint concern.

5. In ships, one who is employed in the hold.

Mar. Dict.

Holderforth

HOLDERFORTH, noun A haranguer; a preacher.

Hudibras.

Holdfast

HOLDFAST, noun A thing that takes hold; a catch; a hook.

Ray.

Holding

HOLDING, participle of the present tense Stopping, confining; restraining; keeping; retaining; adhering; maintaining, &c.

Holding

HOLDING, noun A tenure; a farm held of a superior.

Carew.

2. The burden or chorus of a song.

Shak.

3. Hold; influence; power over.

Burke.

Hole

HOLE, noun [Saxon hol; German hÃƒ-¶hle; Dutchhol; Danish hul, hule; Swedish hÃƒ-¥l; Basque, chiloa; Greek

,. Qu. Hebrew or Arabic Class Gl. No.20.23.]

1. A hollow place or cavity in any solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artificial. It may differ from a rent or fissure in being wider. A cell; a den; a cave or cavern in the earth; an excavation in a rock or tree; a pit, &c. Isaiah 11. Ezekiel 8. Nahum 2. Matthew 8.

2. A perforation; an aperture; an opening in or through a solid body, left in the work or made by an instrument.

Jehoida took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid of it. 2 Kings 12.

3. A mean habitation; a narrow or dark lodging.

Dryden.

4. An opening or means of escape; a subterfuge; in the vulgar phrase, he has a hole to creep out at.

Arm-hole, the arm-pit; the cavity under the shoulder of a person.

Bacon.

2. An opening in a garment for the arm.

Hole

HOLE, v.i. To go into a hole.

B. Jonson.

Hole

HOLE, v.t. To cut, dig or make a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars.

2. To drive into a bag, as in billiards.

Holibut

HOLIBUT. [See Halibut.]

Holidam

HO'LIDAM, noun [holy and dame.] Blessed lady; an ancient oath.

Hanmer.

Holiday

HOLIDAY. [See Holyday.]

Holily

HO'LILY, adverb [from holy.] Piously; with sanctity.

2. Sacredly; inviolably; without breach. [Little used.]

Shak. Sidney.

Holiness

HO'LINESS, noun, [from holy.] The state of being holy; purity or integrity of moral character; freedom from sin; sanctity. Applied to the Supreme Being, holiness denotes perfect purity or integrity of moral character, one of his essential attributes.

Who is like thee, glorious in holiness? Exodus 15.

2. Applied to human beings, holiness is purity of heart or dispositions; sanctified affections; piety; moral goodness, but not perfect.

We see piety and holiness ridiculed as morose singularities.

Rogers.

3. Sacredness; the state of any thing hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; applied to churches or temples.

4. That which is separated to the service of God.

Israel was holiness unto the Lord. Jeremiah 2.

5. A title of the pope, and formerly of the Greek emperors.

Encyc.

Holing-Ax

HO'LING-AX, noun A narrow ax for cutting holes in posts.

Holla

HOL'LA, or HOLLO'A, exclam. A word used in calling. Among seamen, it is the answer to one that hails, equivalent to, I hear, and am ready.

Holla

HOL'LA, or HOL'LO, v.i. [Saxon ahlowan.] To call out or exclaim. [See Halloo.]

Holland

HOL'LAND, noun Fine linen manufactured in Holland.

Hollander

HOL'LANDER, noun A native of Holland.

Hollen

HOL'LEN, noun [See Holly.]

Hollow

HOL'LOW, adjective [Saxon hol; German hohl; Dutch hol; Swedish hÃƒ-¥lig; Danish huled; Armoric goullo, or houllu, emptied. See Hole.]

1. Containing an empty space, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; as a hollow tree; a hollow rock; a hollow sphere.

Hollow with boards shalt thou make it. Exodus 27.

2. Sunk deep in the orbit; as a hollow eye.

3. Deep; low; resembling sound reverberated from a cavity, or designating such a sound; as a hollow roar.

Dryden.

4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as a hollow heart; a hollow friend.

Milton. Shak.

Hollow spar, the mineral called also chiastolite.

Hollow

HOL'LOW, noun A cavity, natural or artificial; any depression of surface in a body; concavity; as the hollow of the hand.

2. A place excavated; as the hollow of a tree.

3. A cave or cavern; a den; a hole; a broad open space in any thing.

Shak. Prior.

4. A pit.

Addison.

5. Open space of any thing; a groove; a channel; a canal.

Addison.

Hollow

HOL'LOW, v.t. [Saxon holian.] To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate.

Trees rudely hollowed did the waves sustain.

Dryden.

Hollow

HOL'LOW, v.i. To shout. [See Holla and Holle.]

Dryden. Addison.

Hollowed

HOL'LOWED, participle passive Made hollow; excavated.

Hollow-Eyed

HOL'LOW-EYED, adjective Having sunken eyes.

Hollow-Hearted

HOL'LOW-HE'ARTED, adjective Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; of practice or sentiment different from profession.

Butler.

Hollowing

HOL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Making hollow; excavating.

Hollowly

HOL'LOWLY, adverb Insincerely; deceitfully.

Shak.

Hollowness

HOL'LOWNESS, noun The state of being hollow; cavity; depression of surface; excavation.

Bacon.

2. Insincerity; deceitfulness; treachery.

South.

Hollow-Root

HOL'LOW-ROOT, noun A plant, tuberous moschatel, or inglorious, constituting the genus Adoxa; a low plant, whose leaves and flowers smell like musk; hence it is sometimes called musk-crowfoot.

Encyc.

Holly

HOL'LY, noun [Saxon holegn; Dutch hulst; perhaps Latin ilex, for hilex. In Welsh, the corresponding word is celyn, from the root of celu, to conceal, Latin celo. The ilex in Swedish is called iron oak.]

The holm tree, of the genus Ilex, of several species. The common holly grows from 20 to 30 feet high; the stem by age becomes large, and is covered with a grayish smooth bark, and set with branches which form a sort of cone. The leaves are oblong oval, of a lucid green on the upper surface, but pale on the under surface; the edges are indented and waved, with sharp thorns terminating each of the points. The flowers grow in clusters and are succeeded by roundish berries, which turn to a beautiful red about Michaelmas. This tree is a beautiful evergreen.

Encyc.

Knee-Holly, a plant, the butcher's broom, of the genus Ruscus.

Sea-Holly, a plant, of the genus Eryngium.

Hollyhock

HOL'LYHOCK, noun [Saxon holihoc.] A plant of the genus Alcea, bearing flowers of various colors. It is called also rose-mallow.

Hollyrose

HOL'LYROSE, noun A plant.

Tate.

Holm

HOLM, noun The evergreen oak; the ilex.

2. An islet, or river isle.

3. A low flat tract of rich land on the banks of a river.

Cyc.

Holmite

HOLM'ITE, noun A variety of carbonate of lime; so called from Mr. Holme, who analyzed it.

Cleaveland.

Holocaust

HOL'OCAUST, noun [Greek, whole, and, burnt, from, to burn.]

A burnt-sacrifice or offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire; a species of sacrifice in use among the Jews and some pagan nations.

Ray. Encyc.

Holograph

HOL'OGRAPH, noun [Greek, whole, and, to write.]

A deed or testament written wholly by the grantor's or testator's own hand.

Encyc.

Holographic

HOLOGRAPH'IC, adjective Written wholly by the grantor or testator himself.

Holometer

HOLOM'ETER, noun [Greek, all, and, to measure.]

An instrument for taking all kinds of measures, both on the earth and in the heavens; a pantometer.

Cyc.

Holp

HOLP, HOLPEN, the antiquated pret. and participle passive of help.

Holster

HOLSTER, noun [Saxon heolster, a hiding place or recess; Portugese colder; from holding, or concealing, Latin celo, Saxon helan.]

A lethern case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the fore part of his saddle.

Holstered

HOLSTERED, adjective Bearing holsters; as a holstered steed.

Byron.

Holt

HOLT, noun [Saxon holt, Irish coillte, Welsh cellt, a wood, from the root of Saxon helan, Latin celo, Welsh celu, to hide, to keep close; a word retained in names.]

A wood or woodland; obsolete, except in poetry.

Drayton. Browne.

Holy

HO'LY, adjective [Saxon halig; German, Dutch heilig; Swedish helig; Danish hellig; from the root of heal, hold, whole, and all; Saxon hal, German heil, Dutch hel, Danish heel, whole. See Heal and Hold, and Class Gl. No. 31, 35, 42. The sense is whole, entire, complete, sound, unimpaired.]

1. Properly, whole, entire, or perfect, in a moral sense. Hence, pure in heart, temper or dispositions; free from sin and sinful affections. Applied to the Supreme Being, holy signifies perfectly pure, immaculate and complete in moral character; and man is more or less holy, as his heart is more or less sanctified, or purified from evil dispositions. We call a man holy, when his heart is conformed in some degree to the image of God, and his life is regulated by the divine precepts. Hence, holy is used as nearly synonymous with good, pious, godly.

Be ye holy; for I am holy. 1 Peter 1.

2. Hallowed; consecrated or set apart to a sacred use, or to the service or worship of God; a sense frequent in Scripture; as the holy sabbath; holy oil; holy vessels; a holy nation; the holy temple; a holy priesthood.

3. Proceeding from pious principles, or directed to pious purposes; as holy zeal.

4. Perfectly just and good; as the holy law of God.

5. Sacred; as a holy witness.

Shak.

Holy of holies, in Scripture, the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high-priest, once a year.

Holy Ghost, or Holy Spirit, the Divine Spirit; the third person in the Trinity; the sanctifier of souls.

Holy war, a war undertaken to rescue the holy land, the ancient Judea, from the infidels; a crusade; an expedition carried on by christians against the Saracens in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries; a war carried on in a most unholy manner.

Holy-Cross

HOLY-CROSS day, noun The fourteenth of September.

Holyday

HOL'YDAY, noun A day set apart for commemorating some important event in history; a festival intended to celebrate some event deemed auspicious to the welfare of a nation; particularly an anniversary festival, devoted to religious solemnities; as christmas holydays.

2. A day of joy and gayety.

Shak.

3. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement.

Chesterfield.

Holyday

HOL'YDAY, adjective Pertaining to a festival; as a holyday suit of clothes.

Holy-One

HO'LY-ONE, noun An appellation of the Supreme Being, by way of emphasis.

2. An appellation of Christ. Isaiah 43.

3. One separated to the service of God. Deuteronomy 33.

Holy-Rood

HOLY-ROOD day, noun A festival observed by Roman Catholics in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.

Encyc.

Holy-Thistle

HO'LY-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Cnicus.

The blessed thistle, Centaurea benedicta.

Cyc.

Holy-Thursday

HO'LY-THURSDAY, noun The day on which the ascension of our Savior is commemorated, ten days before Whitsuntide.

Johnson.

Holy-Week

HO'LY-WEEK, noun The week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated.

Johnson.

Homage

HOM'AGE, noun [French hommage; Spanish homenage; Italian omaggio; from Latin homo, man.]

1. In feudal law, the submission, loyalty and service which a tenant promised to his lord or superior, when first admitted to the land which he held of him in fee; or rather the act of the tenant in making this submission, on being invested with the fee. The ceremony of doing homage was thus performed. The tenant, being ungirt and uncovered, kneeled and held up both his hands between those of the lord, who sat before him, and there professed that "he did become his man, from that day forth, of life and limb and earthly honor," and then received a kiss from his lord.

Blackstone.

2. Obeisance; respect paid by external action.

Go, go, with homage you proud victors meet.

Dryden.

3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection.

Homage

HOM'AGE, v.t. To pay respect to by external action; to give reverence to; to profess fealty.

Homageable

HOM'AGEABLE, adjective Subject to homage.

Howell.

Homager

HOM'AGER, noun One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage.

Bacon.

Homberg's Pyrophorus, ignited muriate of lime.

Ure.

Home

HOME, noun [Saxon ham; German, Dutch heim; Swedish hem; Danish hiem; Greek; properly, a house, a close place, or place of rest. Hence hamlet, French hameau, Armoric hamell. The primary sense is probably to inclose, to cover, or to make fast. Derivatives in German, Dutch, Swedish and Danish signify secret, close; and we say, to bring home arguments, that is, press them close; to drive home a nail, &c. If the radical sense is close, it may be from the same root as Arabic kamai, to cover. See Chimistry, and Class Gm. No.7.9.20.23.]

1. A dwelling house; the house or place in which one resides. He was not at home.

Then the disciples went away again to their own home. John 20.

Home is the sacred refuge of our life.

Dryden.

2. One's own country. Let affairs at home be well managed by the administration.

3. The place of constant residence; the seat. Flandria, by plenty, made the home of war.

Prior.

4. The grave; death; or a future state.

Man goeth to his long home. Ecclesiastes 12.

5. The present state of existence.

Whilst we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord. 2 Corinthians 5.

Home

HOME, adjective Close; severe; poignant; as a home thrust.

Home

HOME, adverb [This is merely elliptical; to being omitted.]

1. To one's own habitation; as in the phrases, go home, come home, bring home, carry home.

2. To one's own country. Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign country. My brother will return home in the first ship from India.

3. Close; closely; to the point; as, this consideration comes home to our interest, that is, it nearly affects it. Drive the nail home, that is, drive it close.

To haul home the top-sail sheets, in seamen's language, is to draw the bottom of the top-sail close to the yard-arm by means of the sheets.

An anchor is said to come home, when it loosens from the ground by the violence of the wind or current, &c.

Homeborn

HO'MEBORN, adjective Native; natural.

Donne.

2. Domestic; not foreign.

Pope.

Homebred

HO'MEBRED, adjective Native; natural; as homebred lusts.

Hammond.

2. Domestic; originating at home; not foreign; as homebred evil.

Spenser.

3. Plain; rude; artless; uncultivated; not polished by travel.

Only to me two homebred youths belong.

Dryden.

Homefelt

HO'MEFELT, adjective Felt in one's own breast; inward; private; as homefelb joys or delight.

Milton. Pope.

Homekeeping

HO'MEKEEPING, adjective Staying at home.

Shak.

Homeless

HO'MELESS, adjective Destitute of a home.

Homeliness

HO'MELINESS, noun [from homely.] Plainness of features; want of beauty. It expresses less than ugliness.

2. Rudeness; coarseness; as the homeliness of dress or of sentiments.

Addison.

Homelot

HO'MELOT, noun An inclosure on or near which the mansion house stands.

Homely

HO'MELY, adjective [from home.] Of plain features; not handsome; as a homely face. It expresses less than ugly.

Let expresses less than ugly.

Let time, which makes you homely, make you wise.

2. Plain; like that which is made for common domestic use; rude; coarse; not fine or elegant; as a homely garment; a homely house; homely fare.

Now Strephon daily entertains

His Chloe in the homeliest strains.

Pope.

Homely

HO'MELY, adverb Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as homely dressed. [Little used.]

Homelyn

HO'MELYN, noun A fish.

Homemade

HO'MEMADE, adjective Made at home; being of domestic manufacture; made either in private families, or in one's own country.

Locke.

Homer

HO'MER, or OMER or CHOMER, noun A Hebrew measure containing the tenth part of an epha, or about six pints.

Encyc.

Homeric

HOMER'IC, adjective Pertaining to Homer, the great poet of Greece, or to his poetry; resembling Homer's verse.

Homespeaking

HO'MESPEAKING, noun Forcible and efficacious speaking.

Milton.

Homespun

HO'MESPUN, adjective Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture.

Swift.

2. Not made in foreign countries.

Addison.

3. Plain; coarse; rude; homely; not elegant; as a homespun English proverb; a homespun author.

Dryden. Addison.

Homespun

HO'MESPUN, noun A coarse, unpolished, rustic person.

Shak.

Homestall

HO'MESTALL, or HO'MESTEAD, noun The place of a mansion house; the inclosure or ground immediately connected with the mansion.

Dryden.

2. Native seat; original station or place of residence.

We can trace them back to a homestead on the rivers Volga and Ural.

Tooke.

[In the U.States, homestead is the word used.]

Homeward

HO'MEWARD, or HO'MEWARDS, adverb [Saxon ham and weard.]

Toward home; toward one's habitation, or toward one's native country.

Sidney. Milton.

Homeward-Bound

HO'MEWARD-BOUND, adjective Destined for home; returning from a foreign country to the place where the owner resides; as the homeward-bound fleet. We spoke a brig homeward-bound.

Homicidal

HOM'ICIDAL, adjective [from homicide.] Pertaining to homicide; murderous; bloody.

Homicide

HOM'ICIDE, noun [French from Latin homicidium; homo, man, and coedo, to strike, to kill.]

1. The killing of one man or human being by another. Homicide is of three kinds, justifiable, excusable, and felonious; justifiable, when it proceeds from unavoidable necessity, without an intention to kill, and without negligence; excusable, when it happens from misadventure, or in self-defense; felonious, when it proceeds from malice, or is done in the prosecution of some unlawful act, or in a sudden passion. Homicide committed with premeditated malice, is murder. Suicide also, or self-murder, is felonious homicide. Homicide comprehends murder and manslaughter.

Blackstone.

2. A person who kills another; a manslayer.

Dryden.

Homiletic

HOMILET'IC, or HOMILET'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to converse in company.]

1. Pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; conversable; companionable.

Atterbury.

2. Homiletic theology, a branch of practical theology, which teaches the manner in which ministers of the gospel should adapt their discourses to the capacities of their hearers, and pursue the best methods of instructing them by their doctrines and examples. It is also called pastoral theology.

Encyc.

Homilist

HOM'ILIST, noun One that preaches to a congregation.

Beaum.

Homily

HOM'ILY, noun [French homelie; Spanish homilia; Italian omelia; Greek, from, to converse in company, a company or assembly.]

A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; or a plain, familiar discourse on some subject of religion, such as an instructor would deliver to his pupils, or a father to his children.

Encyc.

Hommoc

HOM'MOC, noun [I suppose this to be an Indian word.]

A hillock or small eminence of a conical form, sometimes covered with trees.

Bartram. Encyc.

Hommony

HOM'MONY, noun [Indian.] In America, maiz hulled and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being mixed with water and boiled.

Adair.

Homogeneal

HOMOGE'NEAL, or HOMOGE'NEOUS, adjective [French homogene; Greek; like, and, kind.]

Of the same kind or nature; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature. Thus we say, homogeneous particles, elements or principles; homogeneous bodies.

Homogenealness

HOMOGE'NEALNESS, or HOMOGENE'ITY, words not to be encouraged; equivalent to

Homogeneousness

HOMOGE'NEOUSNESS, noun Sameness of kind or nature.

Homogeny

HOM'OGENY, noun Joint nature.

Bacon.

Homologate

HOMOL'OGATE, v.t. [Italian omologare; French homologuer; Greek; like, and, to speak.] To approve; to allow.

Wheaton's Rep. Vol. iv.

Homologous

HOMOL'OGOUS, adjective [Greek, similar, and, proportion.]

Proportional to each other; a term in geometry, applied to the corresponding sides and angles of similar figures; as, homologous angles.

Encyc.

Homonymous

HOMON'YMOUS, adjective [Greek; like, and, name.]

Equivocal; ambiguous; that has different significations, or may be applied to different things.

Watts.

Homonymously

HOMON'YMOUSLY, adverb In an equivocal manner.

Harris.

Homonymy

HOMON'YMY, noun [Greek, See supra.] Ambiguity; equivocation.

Johnson.

Homophony

HOMOPH'ONY, noun [Greek, like, and, sound.]

Likeness of sound. Among the Greeks, a kind of music performed in unison, in opposition to antiphony.

Homotonous

HOMOT'ONOUS, adjective [Greek, like, and, tone.]

Equable; of the same tenor; applied to diseases which have a uniform tenor of rise, state, or declension.

Quincy.

Hone

HONE, noun [Swedish hen, a hone; Saxon hoenan, to stone. The word is found in the Greek; and in two dialects of the Burman empire, hin, heen, signifies a stone. Asiat. Researches, 5. 228. We find the word also in the Syriac akana, a hone, coticula, Lapis Lydius. Cast. Hept. 213.]

A stone of a fine grit, used for sharpening instruments that require a fine edge, and particularly for setting razors. [We never, I believe, call a hone, a whet-stone. The latter is a stone of coarse grit. See the word.]

Hone

HONE, v.t. To rub and sharpen on a hone; as, to hone a razor.

Hone

HONE, v.i. To pine; to long. Obs. [Qu. Welsh hawn, eager.]

Hone-Wort

HO'NE-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Sison.

Honest

HON'EST, a. on'est. [French honnÃƒ-ªte, for honeste; Spanish Portugese honesto; Italian onesto; from Latin honestus, from honos, honor.]

1. Upright; just; fair in dealing with others; free from trickishness and fraud; acting and having the disposition to act at all times according to justice or correct moral principles; applied to persons.

An honest man's the noblest work of God.

Pope.

An honest physician leaves his patient, when he can contribute no farther to his health.

Temple.

2. Fair; just; equitable; free from fraud; as an honest transaction; an honest transfer of property.

3. Frank; sincere; unreserved; according to truth; as an honest confession.

4. Sincere; proceeding from pure or just principles, or directed to a good object; as an honest inquiry after truth; an honest endeavor; honest views or motives.

5. Fair; good; unimpeached.

Seek seven men of honest report. Acts 6.

6. Decent; honorable; or suitable.

Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Romans 12.

7. Chaste; faithful.

Wives may be merry, and yet honest too.

Shak.

Honest

HON'EST, v.t. on'est. To adorn; to grace. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Honestation

HONESTA'TION, noun Adornment; grace. [Not used.]

Mountague.

Honestly

HON'ESTLY, adv. on'estly. Uprightly; justly; with integrity and fairness; as a contract honestly made.

2. With frank sincerity; without fraud or disguise; according to truth; as, to confess honestly one's real design.

3. By upright means; with upright conduct; as, to live honestly.

4. Chastely; with conjugal loyalty and fidelity.

Honesty

HON'ESTY, n. on'esty. [French honnÃƒ-ªtetÃƒ-©; Latin honestas.

1. In principle, an upright disposition; moral rectitude of heart; a disposition to conform to justice and correct moral principles, in all social transactions. In fact, upright conduct; an actual conformity to justice and moral rectitude.

2. Fairness; candor; truth; as the honesty of a narrative.

Wardlaw.

3. Frank sincerity.

Shak.

Honesty is chiefly applicable to social transactions, or mutual dealings in the exchange of property.

Honey

HON'EY, n. hun'y. [Saxon hunig; German honig; Dutch honig, honing; Swedish hÃƒ-¥; Danish honning.]

1. A sweet vegetable juice, collected by bees from the flowers of plants, and deposited in cells of the comb in hives. Honey, when pure, is of a moderate consistence, of a whitish color, tinged with yellow, sweet to the taste, of an agreeable smell, soluble in water, and becoming vinous by fermentation. In medicine, it is useful as a detergent and aperient. It is supposed to consist of sugar, mucilage, and an acid.

Encyc. Ure.

2. Sweetness; lusciousness.

The king hath found

Matter against him, that forever mars

The honey of his language.

Shak.

3. A word of tenderness; sweetness; sweet one.

Dryden.

Honey

HON'EY, v.t. To talk fondly. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To sweeten.

Honey-Bag

HON'EY-BAG, noun The stomach of a honey-bee.

Grew.

Honey-Comb

HON'EY-COMB, noun A substance of a firm, close texture, formed by bees into hexagonal cells for repositories of honey, and for the eggs which produce their young.

Honey-Combed

HONEY-COMBED, adjective Having little flaws or cells.

Wiseman.

Honey-Dew

HON'EY-DEW, noun A sweet saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants in small drops like dew. It is said there are two species; one secreted from the plants, and the other deposited by a small insect called the aphis, or vinefretter.

Bees and ants are said to be fond of honey-dew.

Encyc.

Honeyed

HON'EYED, adjective Covered with honey.

Milton.

2. Sweet: as honeyed words.

Milton. Shak.

Honey-Flower

HON'EY-FLOWER, noun A plant of the genus Melianthus.

Honey-Gnat

HON'EY-GNAT, noun An insect.

Ainsworth.

Honey-Guide

HON'EY-GUIDE, noun A species of Cuckoo, found in Africa, which will conduct persons to hives of wild honey.

Encyc.

Honey-Harvest

HON'EY-H'ARVEST, noun Honey collected.

Dryden.

Honeyless

HON'EYLESS, adjective Destitute of honey.

Shak.

Honey-Locust

HON'EY-LOCUST, noun A plant, the three-thorned Acacia, of the genus Gleditsia.

Encyc.

Honey-Moon

HON'EY-MOON, or HON'EY-MONTH, noun The first month after marriage.

Addison.

Honey-Mouthed

HON'EY-MOUTHED, adjective Soft or smooth in speech.

Shak.

Honey-Stalk

HON'EY-STALK, noun Clover-flower.

Mason.

Honey-Stone

HON'EY-STONE, noun [See Mellite.]

Honey-Suckle

HON'EY-SUCKLE, noun A genus of plants, the Lonicera, of many species, one of which is called woodbine.

Honey-Sweet

HON'EY-SWEET, adjective Sweet as honey.

Chaucer.

Honey-Tongued

HON'EY-TONGUED, adjective Using soft speech.

Shak.

Honey-Wort

HON'EY-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Cerinthe.

Honied

HON'IED, adjective [Ill. See Honeyed.]

Honor

HON'OR, n. on'or. [Latin honor, honos, French honneur; Spanish honor; Portugese honra; Italian onore; Armoricenor; Irishonoir.]

1. The esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation.

A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country. Matthew 13.

2. A testimony of esteem; any expression of respect or of high estimation by words or actions; as the honors of war; military honors; funeral honors; civil honors.

3. Dignity; exalted rank or place; distinction.

I have given thee riches and honor I Kings 3.

Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Psalm 104.

In doing a good thing, there is both honor and pleasure.

Franklin.

4. Reverence; veneration; or any act by which reverence and submission are expressed, as worship paid to the Supreme Being.

5. Reputation; good name; as, his honor is unsullied.

6. True nobleness of mind; magnanimity; dignified respect for character, springing from probity, principle or moral rectitude; a distinguishing trait in the character of good men.

7. An assumed appearance of nobleness; scorn of meanness, springing from the fear of reproach, without regard to principle; as, shall I violate my trust? Forbid it, honor.

8. Any particular virtue much valued; as bravery in men, and chastity in females.

Shak.

9. Dignity of mien; noble appearance. Godlike erect, with native honor clad.

Milton.

10. That which honors; he or that which confers dignity; as, the chancellor is an honor to his profession.

11. Privileges of rank or birth; in the plural.

Restore me to my honors.

Shak.

12. Civilities paid.

Then here a slave, or if you will, a lord,

To do the honors, and to give the word.

Pope.

13. That which adorns; ornament; decoration.

The sire then shook the honors of his head.

Dryden.

14. A noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of the king in capite.

Encyc.

On or upon my honor, words accompanying a declaration which pledge one's honor or reputation for the truth of it. The members of the house of lords in Great Britain are not under oath, but give their opinons on their honor.

Laws of honor, among persons of fashion, signify certain rules by which their social intercourse is regulated, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. These laws require a punctilious attention to decorum in external deportment, but admit of the foulest violations of moral duty.

Paley.

Court of honor, a court of chivalry; a court of civil and criminal jurisdiction, having power to redress injuries of honor, and to hold pleas respecting matters of arms and deeds of war.

Encyc.

Honor

HON'OR, v.t. on'or. [Latinhonoro; French honorer; Spanishhonrar; Italian onorare.]

1. To revere; to respect; to treat with deference and submission, and perform relative duties to.

Honor thy father and thy mother. Exodus 20.

2. To reverence; to manifest the highest veneration for, in words and actions; to entertain the most exalted thoughts of; to worship; to adore.

That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. John 5.

3. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to elevate in rank or station; to exalt. Men are sometimes honored with titles and offices, which they do not merit.

Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighteth to honor. Esther 6.

4. To glorify; to render illustrious.

I will be honored upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host. Exodus 14.

5. To treat with due civility and respect in the ordinary intercourse of life. The troops honored the governor with a salute.

6. In commerce, to accept and pay when due; as, to honor a bill of exchange.

Honorable

HON'ORABLE, adjective [Latin honorabilis; French honorable.]

1. Holding a distinguished rank in society; illustrious or noble.

Shechem was more honorable than all the house of his father. Genesis 34.

Many of them believed; also of honorable women who were GreeksÃ‚--not a few. Acts 17.

2. Possessing a high mind; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude or reputation. He is an honorable man.

3. Conferring honor, or procured by noble deeds; as honorable wounds.

Dryden.

4. Consistent with honor or reputation. It is not honorable to oppress the weak, or to insult the vanquished.

5. Respected; worthy of respect; regarded with esteem.

Marriage is honorable in all. Hebrews 13.

6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; as an honorable burial.

7. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; not reproachful; as an honorable motive. Nothing can be honorable which is immoral.

8. Not to be disgraced.

Let her descend; my chambers are honorable.

Shak.

9. Honest; without hypocrisy or deceit; fair.

His intentions appear to be honorable.

10. An epithet of respect or distinction; as the honorable senate; the honorable gentleman.

11. Becoming men of rank and character, or suited to support men in a station of dignity; as an honorable salary.

Constitution of Massachusetts.

Honorableness

HON'ORABLENESS, noun The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.

2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity or moral rectitude; fairness; applied to disposition or to conduct.

Honorably

HON'ORABLY, adverb With tokens of honor or respect. The man was honorably received at court.

2. Magnanimously; generously; with a noble spirit or purpose. The prince honorably interposed to prevent a rupture between the nations.

3. Reputably; without reproach.

Why did I not more honorably starve?

Dryden.

Honorary

HON'ORARY, adjective Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor; as an honorary degree; an honorary crown.

2. Possessing a title or place without performing services or receiving a reward; as an honorary member of a society.

Honorary

HON'ORARY, noun A lawyer's fee.

2. The salary of a professor in any art or science.

Encyc.

Honored

HON'ORED, participle passive Respected; revered; reverenced; elevated to rank or office; dignified; exalted; glorified; accepted and paid, as a bill of exchange.

Honorer

HON'ORER, noun One that honors; one that reveres, reverences or regards with respect.

2. One who exalts, or who confers honors.

Honoring

HON'ORING, participle of the present tense Respecting highly; reverencing; exalting; dignifying; confering marks of esteem; accepting and paying, as a bill.

Honorless

HON'ORLESS, adjective Destitute of honor; not honored.

Warburton.

Hood

HOOD, in composition, Saxon had, hade, German heit, Dutch heid, Swedish het, Danish hed, as in manhood, childhood, denotes state or fixedness, hence quality or character, from some root signifying to set, Saxon hadian, to ordain. It is equivalent to the termination ness in English, and tas in Latin; as goodness, German gutheit; brotherhood, Latin fraternitas.

Hood

HOOD, noun [Saxon hod; Welsh hod. Qu. from the root of hut or hide.]

1. A covering for the head used by females, and deeper than a bonnet.

2. A covering for the head and shoulders used by monks; a cowl.

3. A covering for a hawk's head or eyes; used in falconry.

4. Any thing to be drawn over the head to cover it.

5. An ornamental fold that hangs down the back of a graduate to mark his degree.

Johnson.

6. A low wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the steerage of a ship; the upper part of a galley-chimney; the cover of a pump.

Mar. Dict.

Hood

HOOD, verb transitive To dress in a hood or cowl; to put on a hood.

The filar hooded, and the monarch crowned.

Pope.

2. To cover; to blind.

I'll hood my eyes.

Shak.

3. To cover.

And hood the flames.

Dryden.

Hoodman

HOOD'MAN blind, noun A play in which a person blinded is to catch another and tell his name; blindman's buff.

Shak.

Hooded

HOOD'ED, participle passive Covered with a hood; blinded.

Hood-Wink

HOOD'-WINK, verb transitive [hood and wink.] To blind by covering the eyes.

We will blind and hood-wink him.

Shak.

2. To cover; to hide.

For the prize I'll bring thee to,

Shall hood-wink this mischance.

Shak.

3. To deceive by external appearances or disguise; to impose on.

Sidney.

Hood-Winked

HOOD'-WINKED, participle passive Blinded; deceived.

Hood-Winking

HOOD'-WINKING, participle of the present tense Blinding the eyes; covering; hiding; deceiving.

Hoof

HOOF, noun [Saxon hof; German huf; Dutch hoef; Danish hov; Swedish hof, a hoof, and a measure. Class Gb. No. 31.]

1. The horny substance that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, sheep, goats, deer, &c.

2. An animal; a beast.

He had not a single hoof of any kind to slaughter.

Washington.

Hoof

HOOF, verb intransitive To walk, as cattle. [Little used.]

Scott.

Hoof-Bound

HOOF'-BOUND, adjective A horse is said to be hoof-bound when he has a pain in the forefeet, occasioned by the dryness and contraction of the horn of the quarters, which straitens the quarters of the heels, and often makes him lame.

Far. Dict.

Hoofed

HOOF'ED, adjective Furnished with hoofs.

Of all the hoofed quadrupeds, the horse is the most beautiful.

Grew.

Hook

HOOK, noun [Saxon hoc; Dutch haak; German haken; Swedish hake; Danish hage; Welsh hug; Hebrew; Chaldee. Class Cg. No. 22.23.24.]

1. A piece of iron or other metal bent into a curve for catching, holding and sustaining any thing; as a hook for catching fish; a tenter-hook; a chimney-hook; a pot-hook, &c.

2. A snare; a trap.

Shak.

3. [Welsh hoc, a sythe.] A curving instrument for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping.

Mortimer. Pope.

4. That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post. Whence the phrase, to be off the hooks, to be unhinged, to be disturbed or disordered.

Swift.

5. A forked timber in a ship, placed on the keel.

6. A catch; an advantage. [Vulgar.]

7. In husbandry, a field sown two years running. [Local.]

Ainsworth.

By hook and by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect.

Dryden.

Hook

HOOK, verb transitive To catch with a hook; as, to hook a fish.

2. To seize and draw, as with a hook.

Shak.

3. To fasten with a hook.

4. To entrap; to ensnare.

5. To draw by force or artifice.

Norris.

To hook on, to apply a hook.

Hook

HOOK, verb intransitive To bend; to be curving.

Hooked

HOOK'ED, adjective Bent into the form of a hook; curvated. The claws of a beast are hooked.

2. Bent; curvated; aquiline; as a hooked nose.

Brown.

Hooked

HOOK'ED, participle passive Caught with a hook; fastened with a hook.

Hookedness

HOOK'EDNESS, noun A state of being bent like a hook.

Hooking

HOOK'ING, participle of the present tense Catching with a hook; fastening with a hook.

Hooknosed

HOOK'NOSED, adjective Having a curvated or aquiline nose.

Shak.

Hooky

HOOK'Y, adjective Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.

Hoop

HOOP, noun [Dutch hoep, hoepel.] A band of wood or metal used to confine the staves of casks, tubs, &c. or for other similar purposes. Wooden hoops are usually made by splitting an oak or hickory sapling into two parts; but sometimes they are made of thin splints and of other species of wood.

2. A piece of whalebone in the form of a circle or ellipsis, used formerly by females to extend their petticoats; a farthingale.

Swift.

3. Something resembling a hoop; a ring; any thing circular.

Addison.

Hoop

HOOP, verb transitive To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon.

2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround.

Shak. Grew.

Hoop

HOOP, verb intransitive [Saxon heafian, heofian, to howl, to lament, to weep; also hweopan, to whip, to weep, to howl, to whoop; the latter is written also weopan, wepan, to weep; Gothic wopyan, to whoop. The Saxon heafian, seems to be connected with heave, and the sense is probably to raise or throw the voice. Whether heofian and hweopan are radically the same word, is not certain; most probably they are, and whoop and weep are evidently the same. Weeping, in rude ages, is by howling or loud outcries. See Whoop, the same word differently written.]

To shout; to utter a loud cry, or a particular sound by way of call or pursuit.

Hoop

HOOP, verb transitive To drive with a shout or outcry.

Shak.

2. To call by a shout or hoop.

Hoop

HOOP, noun A shout; also, a measure, equal to a peck. [Swedish hof.]

2. The hoopoe.

Hooper

HOOP'ER, noun One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.

Hooping

HOOP'ING, participle of the present tense Fastening with hoops.

Hooping

HOOP'ING, participle of the present tense Crying out; shouting.

Hooping-Cough

HOOP'ING-COUGH, noun A cough in which the patient hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath.

Hoopoe

HOOP'OE, or HOOP'OO, noun [French huppe, the hoopoe, and a tuft; huppÃƒ-©, tufted; or Latin upupa, epops; Greek.]

A bird of the genus Upupa, whose head is adorned with a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure.

Encyc.

Hoora

HOOR'A, or HOORAW', exclam. [Swedish hurra. The Welsh has Ãƒ-§wara, play, sport; but the Swedish appears to be the English word.]

A shout of joy or exultation. [This is the genuine English word, for which we find in books most absurdly written, huzza, a foreign word never or rarely used.]

Hoot

HOOT, verb intransitive [Welsh hwd or hwt, a taking off, off, away; hwtiaw, to take off, to push away, to hoot; and udaw, to howl or yell; French huer, a contracted word; hence, hue, in hue and cry.]

1. To cry out or shout in contempt.

Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more.

Dryden.

2. To cry, as an owl.

The clamorous owl, that nightly hoots.

Dryden.

Hoot

HOOT, verb transitive To drive with cries or shouts uttered in contempt.

Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat.

Swift.

Hoot

HOOT, noun A cry or shout in contempt.

Glanville.

Hooting

HOOT'ING, noun A shouting; clamor.

Hop

HOP, verb intransitive [Saxon hoppan; German hÃƒ-¼pfen; Dutch huppelen; Swedish hoppa; Danish hopper; Welsh hobelu, to hop, to hobble. It has the elements of caper.]

1. To leap, or spring on one leg; applied to persons.

2. To leap; to spring forward by leaps; to skip, as birds.

Hopping from spray to spray.

Dryden.

3. To walk lame; to limp; to halt. [We generally use hobble.]

4. To move by leaps or starts, as the blood in the veins. [Not used.]

Spenser.

5. To spring; to leap; to frisk about.

6. To dance.

Chaucer.

Hop

HOP, noun A leap on one leg; a leap; a jump; a spring.

2. A dance. [Colloquial.]

Hop

HOP, noun [Dutch hop; German hopfen; probably hoop, from winding.]

A plant constituting the genus Humulus. The stalk or vine, which grows to a great length, is weak and requires to be supported. In growing, it climbs or winds round a pole or other support. This plant is of great importance in brewing, as it tends to preserve malt liquors, and renders them more aperient, diuretic and salubrious.

Ency.

Hop

HOP, verb transitive To impregnate with hops.

Mortimer.

Hopbind

HOP'BIND, noun The stalk or vine on which hops grow.

Blackstone.

Hopoast

HOP'OAST, noun In Kent, a kiln for drying hops.

Hoppole

HOP'POLE, noun A pole used to support hops.

Tusser.

Hop-Picker

HOP'-PICKER, noun One that picks hops.

Hopvine

HOP'VINE, noun The stalk of hops.

Hop-Yard

HOP'-YARD, or HOP'-GARDEN, noun A field or inclosure where hops are raised.

Hope

HOPE, noun [Saxon hopa; Dutch hoop; Swedish hopp; Danish haab; German hoffnung. Qu. Latin cupio. Class Gb. The primary sense is to extend, to reach forward.]

1. A desire of some good, accompanied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable. Hope differs from wish and desire in this, that it implies some expectation of obtaining the good desired, or the possibility of possessing it. Hope therefore always gives pleasure or joy; whereas wish and desire may produce or be accompanied with pain and anxiety.

The hypocrite's hope shall perish.

Job 8.

He wish'd, but not with hopeÃ‚--

Milton.

Sweet hope! kind cheat!

Crashaw.

He that lives upon hope, will die fasting.

Franklin.

2. Confidence in a future event; the highest degree of well founded expectation of good; as a hope founded on God's gracious promises; a scriptural sense.

A well founded scriptural hope, is, in our religion, the source of ineffable happiness.

3. That which gives hope; he or that which furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good. The hope of Israel is the Messiah.

The Lord will be the hope of his people. Joel 3.

4. An opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but grounded on substantial evidence. The christian indulges a hope, that his sins are pardoned.

Hope

HOPE, verb intransitive [Saxon hopian; German hoffen; Dutch hoopen, to hope, and to heap; Danish haaber; Swedish hoppas.]

1. To cherish a desire of good, with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable.

Hope for good success.

Taylor.

Be sober and hope to the end. 1 Peter 1.

Hope humbly then, with trembling pinions soar.

Pope.

2. To place confidence in; to trust in with confident expectation of good.

Why art thou cast down, O my soul, and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God. Psalm 42.

Hope

HOPE, verb transitive To desire with expectation of good, or a belief that it may be obtained. But as a transitive verb, it is seldom used, and the phrases in which it is so used are elliptical, for being understood.

So stands the Thracian herdsman with his spear,

Full in the gap, and hopes the hunted bear.

Dryden.

Hope

HOPE, noun A sloping plain between ridges of mountains. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Hoped

HO'PED, participle passive Desired with expectation.

Hopeful

HO'PEFUL, adjective Having qualities which excite hope; promising or giving ground to expect good or success; as a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect.

2. Full of hope or desire, with expectation.

I was hopeful the success of your first attempts would encourage you to the trial of more nice and difficult experiments.

Boyle.

Hopefully

HO'PEFULLY, adverb In a manner to raise hope; in a way promising good. He prosecutes his scheme hopefully.

2. In a manner to produce a favorable opinion respecting some good at the present time. The young man is hopefully pious.

3. With hope; with ground to expect.

Hopefulness

HO'PEFULNESS, noun Promise of good; ground to expect what is desirable.

Wotton.

Hopeless

HO'PELESS, adjective Destitute of hope; having no expectation of that which is desirable; despairing.

I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.

Shak.

2. Giving no ground of hope or expectation of good; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as a hopeless condition.

Hopelessly

HO'PELESSLY, adverb Without hope.

Beaum.

Hopelessness

HO'PELESSNESS, noun A state of being desperate, or affording no hope.

Hoper

HO'PER, noun One that hopes.

Shak.

Hoping

HO'PING, participle of the present tense Having hope; indulging desire of good with the expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable.

2. Confiding in.

Hopingly

HO'PINGLY, adverb With hope or desire of good, and expectation of obtaining it.

Hammond.

Hoplite

HOP'LITE, noun [Greek, from, a weapon.]

In ancient Greece, a heavy-armed soldier.

Mitford.

Hopper

HOP'PER, noun [See Hop.] One who hops, or leaps on one leg.

2. Properly, a wooden trough through which grain passes into a mill; so named from its moving or shaking. But we give the name to a box or frame of boards, which receives the grain before it passes into the trough, and also to a similar box which receives apples for conducting them into a mill.

3. A vessel in which seed-corn is carried for sowing.

Encyc.

Hoppers

HOP'PERS, noun A play in which persons hop or leap on one leg.

Johnson.

Hopping

HOP'PING, participle of the present tense Leaping on one leg; dancing.

Hopping

HOP'PING, noun A dancing; a meeting for dancing.

Hopple

HOP'PLE, verb transitive To tie the feet near together to prevent leaping; as, to hopple an unruly horse.

Horal

HO'RAL, adjective [Latin hora, an hour. See Hour.] Relating to an hour, or to hours.

Prior.

Horally

HO'RALLY, adverb Hourly. [Not in use.]

Horary

HO'RARY, adjective [Latin horarius; French horaire; from Latin hora, hour.]

1. Pertaining to an hour; noting the hours; as the horary circle.

Encyc.

2. Continuing an hour.

Brown.

Hord

HORD, or HORDE, noun [Dutch horde, a clan, and a hurdle; German horde, a clan, and a pen or fold. This seems to be the Saxon heord, a herd.]

A company of wandering people dwelling in tents or wagons, and migrating from place to place to procure pasturage for their cattle. Such are some tribes of the Tartars in the north of Asia. A hord usually consists of fifty or sixty tents.

Encyc. Mitford.

Hore

HORE, noun [Saxon hure, or hor-cwen; German hure; Dutch hoer; Danish hore; Swedish hora, and horkÃƒ-¥na; Welsh huren, from huriaw, to hire. The common orthography whore is corrupt.]

A woman, married or single, who indulges unlawful sexual intercourse; also, a prostitute; a common woman; a harlot; a woman of ill fame. [This word comprehends adultress and fornicatrix, and all lewd women whether paid for prostitution or not.]

Hore

HORE, verb intransitive To indulge unlawful sexual commerce, as a male or female; to be habitually lewd.

Horedom

HO'REDOM, noun The practice of unlawful sexual commerce; habitual or customary lewdness of males or females.

2. In Scripture, idolatry.

Horemaster

HO'REMASTER, or HO'REMONGER, noun A man who is addicted to lewdness, or frequently indulges in unlawful sexual intercourse.

Horeson

HO'RESON, noun [hore and son.] A bastard; the son of a hore; a term of reproach or contempt, sometimes used in a ludicrous sense expressing dislike.

Horish

HO'RISH, adjective Lewd; unchaste; loose; given to unlawful sexual intercourse; applied to females only.

Horishly

HO'RISHLY, adverb Lewdly; unchastely.

Horehound

HO'REHOUND, noun [Saxon hara-hune, whitehune.]

The name of several plants of different genera. The common horehound is the Marrubium vulgare. It has a bitter taste, and is used as an attenuant.

Encyc.

Horizon

HOR'IZON, noun [Greek, from, to bound, a limit; French horizon; Spanish horizonte; Italian orizzonte. This word, like contest, aspect, and others in Milton, must be read in poetry with the accent on the second syllable; a harsh, unnatural pronunciation, in direct opposition to the regular analogy of English words. With the accent on the first syllable, as in common usage, it is an elegant word.]

The line that terminates the view, when extended on the surface of the earth; or a great circle of the sphere, dividing the world into two parts or hemispheres; the upper hemisphere which is visible, and the lower which is hid. The horizon is sensible, and rational or real. The sensible, apparent, or visible horizon, is a lesser circle of the sphere, which divides the visible part of the sphere from the invisible. It is eastern or western; the eastern is that wherein the sun and stars rise; the western, that wherein they set. The rational, true, or astronomical horizon, is a great circle whose plane passes through the center of the earth, and whose poles are the zenith and nadir. This horizon would bound the sight, if the eye could take in the whole hemisphere.

Encyc.

Horizontal

HORIZON'TAL, adjective Pertaining to the horizon, or relating to it.

2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as a horizontal line or surface.

3. Near the horizon; as horizontal misty air.

Milton.

Horizontally

HORIZON'TALLY, adverb In a direction parallel to the horizon; on a level; as a ball carried horizontally.

Horizontality

HORIZONTAL'ITY, noun The state of being horizontal.

Kirwan.

Horn

HORN, noun [Saxon German Swedish Danish horn; Gothic haurn; Dutch hoorn; Swedish h?rn, a corner; Welsh corn, a horn, cornel, a corner; Latin cornu; Spanish cuerno; Italian Portugese corno; French corne; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic Arabic. The sense is a shoot, a projection. Class Rn. No. 15.]

1. A hard substance growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly on cloven-footed quadrupeds; usually projecting to some length and terminating in a point. Horns are generally bent or curving, and those of some animals are spiral. They serve for weapons of offense and defense. The substance of horns is gelatinous, and in Papin's digester it may be converted into jelly.

Encyc.

Horn is an animal substance, chiefly membranous, consisting of coagulated albumen, with a little gelatin and phosphate of lime.

Ure.

The horns of deer possess exactly the properties of bone, and are composed of the same constituents, only the proportion of cartilage is greater.

Thomson.

2. A wind instrument of music, made of horn; a trumpet. Such were used by the Israelites.

3. In modern times, a wind instrument made of metal.

4. An extremity of the moon, when it is waxing or waning, and forming a crescent.

Dryden.

5. The feeler or antenna of an insect.

6. The feeler of a snail, which may be withdrawn; hence, to pull or draw in the horns, is to repress one's ardor, or to restrain pride.

Johnson.

7. A drinking cup; horns being used anciently for cups.

8. A winding stream.

Dryden.

9. Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold. He wears the horns.

10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power.

The horn of Moab is cut off. Jeremiah 48.

Horn is also an emblem of glory, honor, dignity.

My horn is exalted in the Lord. 1 Samuel 2.

In Daniel, horn represents a kingdom or state.

Hornbeak

HORN'BEAK, noun A fish. [See Hornfish.]

Hornbeam

HORN'BEAM, noun [See Beam.] A genus of trees, the Carpinus, so named from the hardness of the wood.

Hornbill

HORN'BILL, noun A fowl of the genus Buceros, which has a flat bony forehead with two horns; a native of the E. Indies.

Hornblend

HORN'BLEND, noun [German horn and blende.] A mineral of several varieties, called by HaÃƒ-¼y amphibole. It is sometimes in regular distinct crystals; more generally the result of confused crystalization, appearing in masses, composed of lamins, acicular crystals or fibers, variously aggregated. Its prevailing colors are black and green.

Cleaveland.

Hornblower

HORNBLOWER, noun One that blows a horn.

Hornbook

HORN'BOOK, noun The first book of children, or that in which they learn their letters and rudiments; so called from its cover of horn. [Now little used.]

Locke.

Horn-Distemper

HORN'-DISTEMPER, noun A disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn.

Encyc.

Horned

HORN'ED, adjective Furnished with horns; as horned cattle.

2. Shaped like a crescent, or the new moon.

Milton.

Hornedness

HORN'EDNESS, noun The appearance of horns.

Horner

HORN'ER, noun One who works or deals in horns.

Grew.

2. One who winds or blows the horn.

Sherwood.

Hornet

HORN'ET, noun [Saxon hyrnet, hyrnete; German horniss; Dutch horzel.]

An insect of the genus Vespa or wasp, the Vespa crabro. It is much larger and stronger than the wasp, and its sting gives severe pain. This insect constructs a nest of leaves or other substance which resembles brown paper of a light color. This is attached to the branches of trees, and often of the size of a half-peck measure.

Hornfish

HORN'FISH, noun The garfish or sea-needle, of the genus Esox.

Encyc.

Hornfoot

HORN'FOOT, adjective Having a hoof; hoofed.

Hakewill.

Hornify

HORN'IFY, verb transitive To bestow horns upon. [Not used or vulgar.]

Beaum.

Horning

HORN'ING, noun Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent.

Gregory.

Hornish

HORN'ISH, adjective Somewhat like horn; hard.

Sandys.

Hornless

HORN'LESS, adjective Having no horns.

Journ. of Science.

Hornmercury

HORN'MERCURY, noun Muriate of mercury.

Hornowl

HORN'OWL, noun A species of owl, so called from two tufts of fethers on its head like horns.

Ainsworth.

Hornpipe

HORN'PIPE, noun An instrument of music in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe with horns at the ends; one to collect the wind blown from the mouth; the other to carry off the sounds as modulated by the performer. [Welsh pib-corn.]

Encyc.

2. An air or tune of triple time, with six crotchets in a bar; four to the descending beat, and two to the ascending.

Encyc.

Hornshavings

HORN'SHAVINGS, noun Scrapings or raspings of the horns of deer.

B. Jonson.

Hornsilver

HORN'SILVER, noun Muriate of silver, or chlorid of silver.

Hornspoon

HORN'SPOON, noun A spoon made of horn.

Hornslate

HORN'SLATE, noun A gray siliceous stone.

Kirwan.

Hornstone

HORN'STONE, noun A siliceous stone, a subspecies of quartz. It is divided by Jameson into splintery, conchoidal, and wood-stone. [See Chert.]

Hornwork

HORN'WORK, noun In fortification, an outwork composed of two demi-bastions joined by a curtain.

Encyc.

Horny

HORN'Y, adjective Consisting of horn or horns.

Milton.

2. Resembling horn.

3. Hard; callous.

Dryden.

Horography

HOROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, hour, and, to write.]

1. An account of hours.

2. The art of constructing dials.

Cyc.

Horologe

HO'ROLOGE, noun [French horloge; Latin horologium; Greek; hour, and, to tell.]

An instrument that indicates the hour of the day. But chronometer is now generally used.

Horological

HOROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the horologe, or to horology.

Horologiographic

HOROLOGIOGRAPH'IC, adjective Pertaining to the art of dialling.

Chambers.

Horologiography

HOROLOGIOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, hour, discourse, and, to describe.]

An account of instruments that show the hour of the day; also, of the art of constructing dials.

Dict.

Horology

HOROL'OGY, noun [Greek; hour, and, to indicate. See Horologe.]

The art of constructing machines for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, &c.

Edin. Encyc.

Horometrical

HOROMET'RICAL, adjective [from horometry.] Belonging to horometry, or to the measurement of time by hours and subordinate divisions.

Asiat. Res.

Horometry

HOROM'ETRY, noun [Greek, hour, and, measure.]

The art or practice of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions.

Horoscope

HOR'OSCOPE, noun [French from Greek; hour, and, to view or consider.]

1. In astrology, a scheme or figure of the twelve houses, or twelve signs of the zodiac, in which is marked the disposition of the heavens at a given time, and by which astrologers formerly told the fortunes of persons, according to the position of the stars at the time of their birth.

Encyc.

2. The degree or point of the heavens arising above the eastern point of the horizon at any given time when a prediction is to be made of a future event.

Encyc.

Horoscopy

HOROS'COPY, noun The art or practice of predicting future events by the disposition of the stars and planets.

Horrent

HOR'RENT, adjective [Latin horrens. See Horror.] Bristled; standing erect as bristles; pointing outward.

With bright emblazonry and horrent arms.

Milton.

Horrible

HOR'RIBLE, adjective [Latin horribilis. See Horror.] Exciting or tending to excite horror; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as a horrible figure or sight; a horrible story.

A dungeon horrible on all sides round.

Milton.

Horribleness

HOR'RIBLENESS, noun The state or qualities that may excite horror; dreadfulness; terribleness; hideousness.

Horribly

HOR'RIBLY, adverb In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly; as horribly loud; horribly afraid.

Horrid

HOR'RID, adjective [Latin horridus. See Horror.]

1. That does or may excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; as a horrid spectacle or sight; horrid sympathy.

Milton.

2. Rough; rugged. This is the literal and primary sense.

Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn.

Dryden.

3. Shocking; very offensive; a colloquial sense.

Pope.

Horridly

HOR'RIDLY, adverb In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; shockingly.

Horridness

HOR'RIDNESS, noun The qualities that do or may excite horror; hideousness; enormity.

Hammond.

Horrific

HORRIF'IC, adjective [Latin horrificus.] Causing horror.

Thomson.

Horrisonous

HORRIS'ONOUS, adjective [Latin horrisonus; horreo, to shake, and sonus, sound.] Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound.

Horror

HOR'ROR, noun [Latin from horreo, to shake or shiver, or to set up the bristles, to be rough.]

1. A shaking, shivering or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. This ague is usually accompanied with a contraction of the skin into small wrinkles, giving it a kind of roughness.

2. An excessive degree of fear, or a painful emotion which makes a person tremble; terror; a shuddering with fear; but appropriately, terror or a sensation approaching it, accompanied with hatred or detestation. Horror is often a passion compounded of fear and hatred or disgust. The recital of a bloody deed fills us with horror.

A horror of great darkness fell on Abram. Genesis 15.

Horror hath taken hold on me, because of the wicked that forsake thy law. Psalm 119.

3. That which may excite horror or dread; gloom; dreariness.

And breathes a browner horror on the woods.

Pope.

4. Dreadful thoughts.

5. Distressing scenes; as the horrors of war or famine.

Horse

HORSE, n. hors. [Saxon hors; German ross; Dutch ros.]

1. A species of quadrupeds of the genus Equus, having six erect and parallel foreteeth in the upper jaw, and six somewhat prominent in the under jaw; the dog teeth are solitary, and the feet consist of an undivided hoof. The horse is a beautiful animal, and of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. Horse, in English, is of common gender, and may comprehend the male and female.

2. A constellation.

Creech.

3. Cavalry; a body of troops serving on horseback. In this sense, it has no plural termination. We say, a thousand horse; a regiment of horse.

4. A machine by which something is supported; usually a wooden frame with legs. Various machines used in the arts are thus called.

Encyc.

5. A wooden machine on which soldiers ride by way of punishment; sometimes called a timber-mare.

Johnson.

6. In seamen's language, a rope extending from the middle of a yard to its extremity, to support the sailors while they loose, reef or furl the sails; also, a thick rope extended near the mast for hoisting a yard or extending a sail on it.

Mar. Dict.

To take horse, to set out to ride on horseback.

Addison.

2. To be covered, as a mare.

Horse

HORSE, verb transitive To mount on a horse.

2. To carry on the back.

The keeper, horsing a deer.

Butler.

3. To ride astride; as ridges horsed.

Shak.

4. To cover a mare, as the male.

Mortimer.

Horseback

HORSEBACK, n. hors'back. The state of being on a horse; the posture of riding on a horse.

I saw them salute on horseback.

Shak.

Horsebean

HORSEBEAN, noun A small bean usually given to horses.

Mortimer.

Horseblock

HORSEBLOCK, noun A block or stage that assists persons in mounting and dismounting from a horse.

Horseboat

HORSEBOAT, noun A boat used in conveying horses over a river or other water.

2. A boat moved by horses; a new species of ferry-boat.

Horseboy

HORSEBOY, noun A boy employed in dressing and tending horses; a stable boy.

Knolles.

Horsebreaker

HORSEBREAKER, noun One whose employment is to break horses, or to teach them to draw or carry.

Creech.

Horse-Chestnut

HORSE-CHESTNUT, noun A large nut, the fruit of a species of AEsculus; or the tree that produces it. The tree is much cultivated for shade.

Horsecloth

HORSECLOTH, noun A cloth to cover a horse.

Horsecourser

HORSECOURSER, noun One that runs horses, or keeps horses for the race.

Johnson.

2. A dealer in horses.

Wiseman.

Horsecrab

HORSECRAB, noun A crustaceous fish.

Ainsworth.

Horse-Cucumber

HORSE-CU'CUMBER, noun A large green cucumber.

Mortimer.

Horsedealer

HORSEDEALER, noun One who buys and sells horses.

Horsedrench

HORSEDRENCH, noun A dose of physic for a horse.

Shak.

Horsedung

HORSEDUNG, noun The dung of horses.

Horse-Emmet

HORSE-EMMET, noun A species of large ant.

Horsefaced

HORSEFACED, adjective Having a long coarse face; ugly.

Horseflesh

HORSEFLESH, noun The flesh of a horse.

Bacon.

Horsefly

HORSEFLY, noun A large fly that stings horses.

Horsefoot

HORSEFOOT, noun A plant, called also coltsfoot.

Ainsworth.

Horseguards

HORSEGUARDS, noun A body of cavalry for guards.

Horsehair

HORSEHAIR, noun The hair of horses.

Horsehoe

HORSEHOE, verb transitive To hoe or clean a field by means of horses.

Horseknave

HORSEKNAVE, noun A groom. Obs.

Chaucer.

Horse-Keeper

HORSE-KEEPER, noun One who keeps or takes care of horses.

Horselaugh

HORSELAUGH, noun A loud, boisterous laugh.

Pope.

Horseleech

HORSELEECH, noun A large leech. [See Leech.]

2. A farrier.

Ainsworth.

Horselitter

HORSELITTER, noun A carriage hung on poles which are borne by and between two horses.

Milton.

Horseload

HORSELOAD, noun A load for a horse.

Horseman

HORSEMAN, noun A rider on horseback.

Addison.

2. A man skilled in riding.

Dryden.

3. A soldier who serves on horseback.

Hayward.

Horsemanship

HORSEMANSHIP, noun The act of riding, and of training and managing horses.

Pope.

Horsemarten

HORSEMARTEN, noun A kind of large bee.

Ainsworth.

Horsematch

HORSEMATCH, noun A bird.

Ainsworth.

Horsemeat

HORSEMEAT, noun Food for horses; provender.

Bacon.

Horse-Mill

HORSE-MILL, adjective A mill turned by a horse.

Horse-Mint

HORSE-MINT, noun A species of large mint.

Horse-Muscle

HORSE-MUSCLE, noun A large muscle or shell-fish.

Bacon.

Horsepath

HORSEPATH, noun A path for horses, as by canals.

Horseplay

HORSEPLAY, noun Rough, rugged play.

Dryden.

Horsepond

HORSEPOND, noun A pond for watering horses.

Horsepurslane

HORSEPURSLANE, noun A plant of the genus Trianthema.

Horserace

HORSERACE, noun A race by horses; a match of horses in running.

Horseracing

HORSERACING, noun The practice or act of running horses.

Horseradish

HORSERADISH, noun A plant of the genus Cochlearia, a species of scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste.

Horseshoe

HORSESHOE, noun A shoe for horses, consisting of a plate of iron of a circular form.

Horseshoe-Head

HORSESHOE-HEAD, noun A disease of infants, in which the sutures of the skull are too open; opposed to headmold-shot.

Horsestealer

HORSESTEALER, or HORSETHIEF, noun A stealer of horses.

Horsetail

HORSETAIL, noun A plant of the genus Equisetum. The shrubby horsetail is of the genus Ephedra.

Fam. of Plants.

Horsetongue

HORSETONGUE, noun A plant of the genus Ruscus.

Horsevetch

HORSEVETCH, or HORSESHOE-VETCH, noun A plant of the genus Hippocrepis.

Horseway

HORSEWAY, or HORSEROAD, noun A way or road in which horses may travel.

Horsewhip

HORSEWHIP, noun A whip for driving or striking horses.

Horsewhip

HORSEWHIP, verb transitive To lash; to strike with a horsewhip.

Horseworm

HORSEWORM, noun A worm that infests horses; a bott.

Hortation

HORTA'TION, noun [Latin hortatio, from hortor, to exhort.]

The act of exhorting, or giving advice; exhortation; advice intended to encourage. [But exhortation is generally used.]

Hortative

HOR'TATIVE, adjective Giving exhortation; advisory.

Hortative

HOR'TATIVE, noun Exhortation; a precept given to incite or encourage.

Bacon.

Hortatory

HOR'TATORY, adjective Encouraging; inciting; giving advice; as a hortatory speech.

Hortensial

HORTEN'SIAL, adjective [Latin hortensis.] Fit for a garden. [Not used.]

Evelyn.

Horticultor

HOR'TICULTOR, noun [Latin hortus, a garden, and cultor, a tiller.] One who cultivates a garden.

Horticultural

HORTICUL'TURAL, adjective Pertaining to the culture of gardens.

Horticulture

HOR'TICULTURE, noun [Latin hortus, a garden, and cultura, culture, from colo, to till.]

The cultivation of a garden; or the art of cultivating gardens.

Horticulturist

HORTICUL'TURIST, noun One who is skilled in the art of cultivating gardens.

Hortulan

HOR'TULAN, adjective [Latin hortulanus.] Belonging to a garden; as a hortulan calendar.

Evelyn.

Hortus Siccus

HORTUS SICCUS, noun [Latin] Literally, a dry garden; an appellation given to a collection of specimens of plants, carefully dried and preserved.

Encyc.

Hortyard

HORT'YARD, noun An orchard, which see.

Hosanna

HOSAN'NA, n. s as z. [Hebrew save, I beseech you.]

An exclamation of praise to God, or an invocation of blessings. In the Hebrews 100eremonies, it was a prayer rehearsed on the several days of the feast of tabernacles, in which this word was often repeated.

Encyc.

Hose

HOSE, noun plu. hose- or hose; pron. hoze, ho'zn. [Saxon hos, a heel, a thorn or twig, and hose; German hose; Dutch kous; Welsh hos, hosan, from hws, a covering, a housing; French chausse; Irish asan. The Welsh unites this word with house. The hose or hosan was a garment covering the legs and thighs, like the modern long trowsers. Hence in German hosen-gurt, a hose-girt, is a waistband; and hosen-trÃƒ-¤ger, hose-supporter, or shoulder-strap, indicates that the hose was sustained, as breeches and pantaloons now are, by suspenders or braces.]

1. Breeches or trowsers.

Shak.

2. Stockings; coverings for the legs. This word, in mercantile use, is synonymous with stockings, though originally a very different garment.

3. A leathern pipe, used with fire-engines, for coveying water to extinguish fires.

Hosier

HO'SIER, n. ho'zhur. One who deals in stockings and socks, &c.

Hosiery

HO'SIERY, n. ho'zhury. Stockings in general; socks.

Hospitable

HOS'PITABLE, adjective [Latin hospitalis, from hospes, a guest; Italian ospitale and ospitabile. Hospes, is from the Celtic; Welsh osb, a stranger or wanderer, a guest; Armoric osb, osp, hospyd. See Host.]

1. Receiving and entertaining strangers with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; disposed to treat guests with generous kindness; as a hospitable man.

2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness to guests; manifesting generosity; as a hospitable table; hospitable rites.

Dryden.

3. Inviting to strangers; offering kind reception; indicating hospitality.

To where you taper cheers the vale,

With hospitable ray.

Goldsmith.

Hospitably

HOS'PITABLY, adverb With kindness to strangers or guests; with generous and liberal entertainment.

Prior. Swift.

Hospitage

HOS'PITAGE, noun Hospitality. Obs.

Spenser.

Hospital

HOS'PITAL, noun [French hopital, for hospital; Latin hospitalis, supra.]

1. A building appropriated for the reception of sick, infirm and helpless paupers, who are supported and nursed by charity; also, a house for the reception of insane persons, whether paupers or not, or for seamen, soldiers, foundlings, &c. who are supported by the public, or by private charity, or for infected persons, &c.

2. A place for shelter or entertainment. Obs.

Spenser.

Hospital

HOS'PITAL, adjective Hospitable. [Not in use.]

Howell.

Hospitality

HOSPITAL'ITY, noun [French hospitalitÃƒ-©; Latin hospitalitas; Welsh ysbyd. See Hospitable.]

The act or practice of receiving and entertaining strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality.

A bishopÃ‚--must be given to hospitality. 1 Timothy 3.

Hospitality I have found as universal as the face of man.

Ledyard.

Hospitaller

HOS'PITALLER, noun [from hospital.] Properly, one residing in a hospital for the purpose of receiving the poor and strangers. The hospitallers were an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims. They were called knights of St. John, and are the same as the knights of Malta.

Encyc.

Hospitate

HOS'PITATE, verb intransitive [Latin hospitor.] To reside or lodge under the roof of another. [Not used.]

Grew.

Hospitate

HOS'PITATE, verb transitive To lodge a person. [Not used.]

Host

HOST, noun [French hote, for hoste; Italian oste; Spanish huesped; Portugese hospede; and Latin hostis, a stranger, an enemy, probably of the same family. See Hospitable. The sense is a stranger or foreigner, that is, a wanderer or traveler, from some root signifying to wander, to go or pass, or to visit. See Class Gs. No. 5. 14. 16.]

1. One who entertains another at his own house, without reward.

Homer never entertained guests or hosts with long speeches.

Sidney.

2. One who entertains another at his house for reward; an innkeeper; a landlord.

3. A guest; one who is entertained at the house of another. The innkeeper says of the traveler, he has a good host, and the traveler says of his landlord, he has a kind host. [See Guest.]

Encyc.

Host

HOST, noun [Latin hostis, a stranger, an enemy. The sense is probably transferred from a single foe to an army of foes.]

1. An army; a number of men embodied for war.

2. Any great number or multitude.

Host

HOST, noun [Latin hostia, a victim or sacrifice, from hostis, an enemy; French hostie; applied to the Savior who was offered for the sins of men.]

In the Romish church, the sacrifice of the mass, or the consecrated wafer, representing the body of Christ, or as the Catholics alledge, transubstantiated into his own body.

Encyc.

Host

HOST, verb intransitive To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Little used.]

Shak.

Host

HOST, verb transitive To give entertainment to. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Hostage

HOS'TAGE, noun [French otage, for ostage; Italian ostaggio; Armoric ostaich; German geissel; Welsh gwystyl, a pledge, pawn, surety, hostage.]

A person delivered to an enemy or hostile power, as a pledge to secure the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, and on the performance of which the person is to be released.

Bacon. Atterbury.

Hostel

HOSTEL, or HOSTELLER. [See Hotel.]

Hostess

HOSTESS, noun A female host; a woman who entertains guests at her house.

Dryden.

2. A woman who keeps an inn.

Temple.

Hostess-Ship

HOSTESS-SHIP, noun The character or business of a hostess.

Shak.

Hostile

HOS'TILE, adjective [Latin hostilis, from hostis, an enemy, that is, a foreigner.]

1. Belonging to a public enemy; designating enmity, particularly public enmity, or a state of war; inimical; as a hostile band or army; a hostile force; hostile intentions.

2. Possessed by a public enemy; as a hostile country.

Kent.

3. Adverse; opposite; unfriendly. [But the word is not properly applied to private enmity, or mere unfriendliness.]

Hostilely

HOS'TILELY, adverb In a hostile manner.

Hostility

HOSTIL'ITY, noun [French hostilitÃƒ-©; Latin hostilitas, from hostis, an enemy.]

1. The state of war between nations or states; the actions of an open enemy; aggression; attacks of an enemy. These secret enmities broke out in hostilities.

Hostility being thus suspended with France.

Hayward.

We have carried on even our hastilities with humanity.

Atterbury.

2. Private enmity; a sense less proper.

Hostilize

HOS'TILIZE, verb transitive To make an enemy. [Little used.]

Hosting

HOSTING, noun [from host, an army.] An encounter; a battle. [Little used.]

Milton.

2. A muster or review. Obs.

Spenser.

Hostler

HOS'TLER, n. hos'ler. [from French hotelier, an innkeeper. See Hotel.]

The person who has the care of horses at an inn.

Hostless

HOSTLESS, adjective Inhospitable. [Not in use.]

Hostry

HOSTRY, noun A stable for horses.

Dryden.

2. A lodging house.

Howell.

Hot

HOT, adjective [Saxon hat; German heiss; Dutch heet; Swedish het; Danish heed. See Heat.]

1. Having sensible heat; opposed to cold; as a hot stove or fire; a hot cloth; hot liquors. Hot expresses more than warm.

2. Ardent in temper; easily excited or exasperated; vehement.

Achilles is impatient, hot and revengeful.

Dryden.

3. Violent; furious; as a hot engagement or assault.

Dryden.

4. Eager; animated; brisk; keen; as a hot pursuit, or a person hot in a pursuit.

5. Lustful; lewd.

Shak.

6. Acrid; biting; stimulating; pungent; as hot as mustard or pepper.

Hot

HOT, HOTE, HOTEN, participle passive Called; named. Obs.

Gower.

Hotbed

HOT'BED, noun In gardening, a bed of earth and horsedung or tanner's bark, covered with glass to defend it from the cold air, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotic plants of warm climates, which will not thrive in cool or temperate air.

Encyc.

Hotbrained

HOT'BRAINED, adjective Ardent in temper; violent; rash; precipitate; as hotbrained youth.

Dryden.

Hotchpot

HOTCH'POT, noun [French hochepot, from hocher, to shake, and probably pot, a pot or dish.]

1. Properly, a mingled mass; a mixture of ingredients.

Bacon. Camden.

2. In law, a mixing of lands. Thus lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter, shall, after the death of the ancestor, be blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then be divided in equal portions to all the daughters.

Blackstone.

Hotcockles

HOT'COCKLES, n. plu. [Qu. French hautes coquilles, high shells.]

A play in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him, or his hand placed behind him.

Gay.

Hotel

HOTEL', noun [French hotel, for hostel, a palace or dwelling house of a prince or lord.]

1. A palace.

2. An inn; a house for entertaining strangers or travelers. It was formerly a house for genteel strangers or lodgers, but the name is now given to any inn.

Hotheaded

HOT'HEADED, adjective Of ardent passions; vehement; violent; rash.

Arbuthnot.

Hothouse

HOT'HOUSE, noun A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.

2. A bagnio, or place to sweat and cup in.

Shak.

3. A brothel.

B. Jonson.

Hotly

HOT'LY, adverb [from hot.] With heat.

2. Ardently; vehemently; violently; as a stag hotly pursued.

3. Lustfully.

Dryden.

Hotmouthed

HOT'MOUTHED, adjective Headstrong; ungovernable.

That hotmouthed beast that bears against the curb.

Dryden.

Hotness

HOT'NESS, noun Sensible heat beyond a moderate degree or warmth.

2. Violence; vehemence; fury.

Hotspur

HOT'SPUR, noun [hot and spur.] A man violent, passionate, heady, rash or precipitate.

Shak.

2. A kind of pea of early growth.

Hotspur

HOT'SPUR, adjective Violent; impetuous.

Spenser.

Hotspurred

HOT'SPURRED, adjective Vehement; rash; heady; headstrong.

Peacham.

Hottentot

HOT'TENTOT, noun A native of the southern extremity of Africa.

2. A savage brutal man.

Hottentot-Cherry

HOTTENTOT-CHERRY, noun A plant. [See Cherry.]

Chambers.

Hough

HOUGH, n. hok. [Saxon hoh, the heel, or the hough; German hacke, Dutch hak, a heel, a hoe.]

1. The lower part of the thigh; the ham; the joint of the hind leg of a beast that connects the thigh with the leg.

Encyc.

2. An adz; a hoe. [Not in use.]

Sillingfleet.

Hough

HOUGH, v. t. hok. To hamstring; to disable by cutting the sinews of the ham.

2. To cut with a hoe. Obs.

Houlet

HOUL'ET, noun An owl. [See Howlet.]

Hoult

HOULT, noun [See Holt.]

Hound

HOUND, noun [Saxon German Swedish Danish Scot. hund; Dutch hond; Latin canis; Greek,; French chien; Italian cane.]

A generic name of the dog; but in English it is confined to a particular breed or variety, used in the chase. It has long, smooth, pendulous ears.

Hound

HOUND, verb transitive To set on the chase.

Bramhall.

2. To hunt; to chase.

L'Estrange.

Houndfish

HOUND'FISH, noun A fish, called also Galeus laevis, with a long round body, and ash-colored sides and back.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

A species of shark, the Squalus mustelus.

Crabbe. Cyc.

Hounds

HOUNDS, noun In seamen's language, the projecting parts of the head of a mast.

Mar. Dict.

Hounds Tongue

HOUND'S TONGUE, noun A plant of the genus Cynoglossum.

Houndtree

HOUND'TREE, noun A kind of tree.

Ainsworth.

Houp

HOUP. [See Hoopoo.]

Hour

HOUR, n. our. [Latin Spanish hora; Greek; Italian ora; French heure; Armoric heur; Welsh awr; Irish uair; German uhr; Dutch uur. The primary sense is time or season, occasion, from a root which signifies to come, to happen, to fall, to rush or drive. Hence the French heur signifies luck, good fortune, and heureux, lucky, fortunate, happy, that is, seasonable. So in Latin tempestivus, from tempus. See Time. But hour, hora, afterward came to signify a certain portion or division of the day. This has been different in different nations.]

1. A space of time equal to one twenty fourth part of the natural day, or duration of the diurnal revolution of the earth. An hour answers to fifteen degrees of the equator. It consists of 60 minutes, each minute of 60 seconds, &c.

2. Time; a particular time; as the hour of death.

Jesus saith, woman, my hour is not yet come. John 2.

3. The time marked or indicated by a chronometer, clock or watch; the particular time of the day. What is the hour? At what hour shall we meet? I will be with you at an early hour.

Good hour, signifies early or seasonably. You have arrived at a good hour.

To keep good hours, to be at home in good season; not to be abroad late, or at the usual hours of retiring to rest.

Hours, in the plural, certain prayers in the Romish church, to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers.

Encyc.

Hourglass

HOUR'GLASS, n. our'glass. A chronometer that measures the flux of time by the running of sand from one glass vessel to another, through a small aperture. Instead of sand, dry egg shells pulverized are sometimes used. The quantity of sand may be so proportioned as to measure an hour, a half hour, or a quarter.

2. Space of time.

Bacon.

Hourhand

HOUR'HAND, noun The hand or pointed pin which shows the hour on a chronometer.

Houri

HOU'RI, noun Among Mohammedans, a nymph of paradise.

Johnson.

Hourly

HOUR'LY, a. our'ly Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated.

Observe the waning moon with hourly view.

Dryden.

2. Continual.

We must live in hourly expectation of having the troops recalled.

Swift.

Hourly

HOUR'LY, adv. our'ly. Every hour; frequently; continually.

Great was their strife which hourly was renewed.

Dryden.

Hourplate

HOUR'PLATE, n. our'plate. The plate of a clock or other time-piece on which the hours are marked; the dial.

Locke.

Housage

HOUS'AGE, noun [from house.] A fee for keeping goods in a house. [Not in use.]

Chambers.

House

HOUSE, n. hous. [Saxon Gothic Swedish Scot. hus; German haus; Dutch huis; Danish huus; Latin casa; Italian Spanish and Portugese casa; Welsh hws, a covering or housing. If the primary sense is a covering, this word may be referred to Hebrew Chaldee Syriac, Arabic, to put on, to cover. Class Gs. No. 57. It corresponds to cot, in a different dialect.]

1. In a general sense, a building or shed intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but appropriately, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, mansion or abode for any of the human species. It may be of any size and composed of any materials whatever, wood, stone, brick, &c.

2. An edifice or building appropriated to the worship of God; a temple; a church; as the house of God.

3. A monastery; a college; as a religious house.

4. The manner of living; the table. He keeps a good house, or a miserable house.

5. In astrology, the station of a planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens.

Johnson. Encyc.

6. A family of ancestors; descendants and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe. It particularly denotes a noble family or an illustrious race; as the house of Austria; the house of Hanover. So in Scripture, the house of Israel, or of Judah.

Two of a house few ages can afford.

Dryden.

7. One of the estates of a kingdom assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in their legislative capacity, and holding their place by right or by election. Thus we say, the house of lords or peers of Great Britain; the house of commons; the house of representatives. In most of the United States, the legislatures consist of two houses, the senate, and the house of representatives or delegates.

8. The quorum of a legislative body; the number of representatives assembled who are constitutionally empowered to enact laws. Hence we say, there is a sufficient number of representatives present to form a house.

9. In Scripture, those who dwell in a house and compose a family; a household.

Cornelius was a devout man, and feared God with all his house. Acts 10.

10. Wealth; estate.

Ye devour widows' houses. Matthew 23.

11. The grave; as the house appointed for all living. Job 30.

12. Household affairs; domestic concerns.

Set thy house in order. 2 Kings 20.

13. The body; the residence of the soul in this world; as our earthly house. 2 Corinthians 5.

14. The church among the Jews.

Moses was faithful in all his house. Hebrews 3.

15. A place of residence. Egypt is called the house of bondage. Exodus 13.

16. A square, or division on a chess board.

Encyc.

House

HOUSE, v. t. houz. [Swedish hysa.] To cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to shelter; to protect by covering; as, to house wood; to house farming utensils; to house cattle.

2. To admit to residence; to harbor.

Palladius wished him to house all the Helots.

Sidney.

3. To deposit and cover, as in the grave.

Sandys.

4. To drive to a shelter.

Shak.

House

HOUSE, v. i. houz. To take shelter or lodgings; to keep abode; to reside.

To house with darkness and with death.

Milton.

2. To have an astrological station in the heavens.

Where Saturn houses.

Dryden.

Houseboat

HOUSEBOAT, n. hous'boat. A covered boat.

Housebote

HOUSEBOTE, n. hous'bote. [house and Saxon bot, supply.]

In law, a sufficient allowance of wood to repair the house and supply fuel.

House-Brealer

HOUSE-BREAL'ER, n. hous'-breaker. One who breaks, opens and enters a house by day with a felonious intent, or one who breaks or opens a house, and steals there-from, by daylight.

Blackstone.

House-Breaking

HOUSE-BREAKING, n. hous'-breaking. The breaking, or opening and entering of a house by daylight, with the intent to commit a felony, or to steal or rob. The same crime committed at night is burglary.

Blackstone.

Housedog

HOUSEDOG, n. hous'dog. A dog kept to guard the house.

Addison.

Household

HOUSEHOLD, n. hous'hold. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family; those who belong to a family.

I baptized also the household of Stephanus. 1 Corinthians 1.

2. Family life; domestic management.

Shak.

Household

HOUSEHOLD, a. hous'hold. Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as household furniture; household affairs.

Householder

HOUSEHOLDER, n. hous'holder. The master or chief of a family; one who keeps house with his family. Matthew 13.

Household-Stuff

HOUSEHOLD-STUFF, n. hous'hold-stuff. The furniture of a house; the vessels, utensils and goods of a family.

Bacon.

Housekeeper

HOUSEKEEPER, n. hous'keeper. One who occupies a house with his family; a man or woman who maintains a family state in a house; a householder; the master or mistress of a family.

Locke.

2. A female servant who has the chief care of the family and superintends the other servants.

Swift.

3. One who lives in plenty. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

4. One who keeps much at home. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. A housedog. [Not used.]

Shak.

Housekeeping

HOUSEKEEPING, a. hous'keeping. Domestic; used in a family; as housekeeping commodities. [Little used.]

Carew.

Housekeeping

HOUSEKEEPING, noun [As above.] The family state in a dwelling.

2. Hospitality; a plentiful and hospitable table. [Not used in U. States.]

Housel

HOUS'EL, n. houz'l. [Saxon husel. Lye supposes this to be from Gothic hunsa, a victim.] The eucharist; the sacred bread.

Housel

HOUS'EL, verb transitive [Saxon huslian.] To give or receive the eucharist. Obs.

Chaucer.

Houselamb

HOUSELAMB, n. hous'lamb. A lamb kept in a house for fatting.

Houseleek

HOUSELEEK, n. hous'leek. [See Leek.] A plant of the genus Sempervivum, which is found on the tops of houses. The lesser houseleek is of the genus Sedum.

Houseless

HOUSELESS, n. hous'less. Destitute of a house or habitation; as the houseless child of want.

Goldsmith.

2. Destitute of shelter.

Houseline

HOUSELINE, or HOUS'ING, noun Among seamen, a small line formed of three strands, smaller than rope-yarn, used for seizings, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Housemaid

HOUSEMAID, n. hous'maid. A female servant employed to keep a house clean, &c.

Housepigeon

HOUSEPIGEON, noun A tame pigeon.

Gregory.

Houseroom

HOUSEROOM, n. hous'room. Room or place in a house.

Dryden.

Houseraiser

HOUSERAISER, noun One who erects a house.

Wotton.

Housesnail

HOUSESNAIL, noun A particular kind of snail.

Dict.

Housewarming

HOUSEWARMING, n. hous'warming. A feast or merry making at the time a family enters a new house.

Johnson.

Housewife

HOUSEWIFE, n. hous'wife. [house and wife; contracted into huswife, hussy.] The mistress of a family.

Pope.

2. A female economist; a good manager.

Dryden. Addison.

3. One skilled in female business.

Addison.

4. A little case or bag for articles of female work.

Shelton.

Housewifely

HOUSEWIFELY, a. hous'wifely. Pertaining to the mistress of a family.

2. Taken from housewifery, or domestic affairs; as a housewifely metaphor.

Blackstone.

Housewifery

HOUSEWIFERY, n. hous'wifery. The business of the mistress of a family; female business in the economy of a family; female management of domestic concerns.

Temple. Taylor.

House-Wright

HOUSE-WRIGHT, n. hous'-wright. An architect who builds houses.

Fotherby.

Housed

HOUS'ED, pp. s as z. Put under cover; sheltered.

Housing

HOUS'ING, ppr. s as z. Covering; sheltering.

2. Warped; crooked, as a brick.

Housing

HOUS'ING, noun Houses in general.

2. [French housse; Welsh hws, a covering.] A cloth laid over a saddle.

Encyc.

3. A piece of cloth fastened to the hinder part of a saddle, and covering the horse's croup; called also boot-housing.

4. [See Houseline.]

Housling

HOUS'LING, adjective [See Housel.] Sacramental; as housling fire, used in the sacrament of marriage. Obs.

Spenser.

Houss

HOUSS, a covering. [See Housing.]

Dryden.

Hove

HOVE, preterit tense of heave.

Hovel

HOV'EL, noun [Saxon hof, hofe, a house, a cave.] A shed; a cottage; a mean house.

Hovel

HOV'EL, verb transitive To put in a hovel; to shelter.

Hoven

HOVEN, participle passive of heave.

Hover

HOV'ER, verb intransitive [Welsh hoviaw, to hang over, to fluctuate, to hover.]

1. To flap the wings, as a fowl; to hang over or about, fluttering or flapping the wings, with short irregular flights.

Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on it.

Addison.

2. To hang over or around, with irregular motions.

A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight.

Dryden.

3. To stand in suspense or expectation.

Spenser.

4. To wander about from place to place in the neighborhood; to move back and forth; as an army hovering on our borders; a ship hovering on our coast.

Cranch's Rep.

Hover

HOV'ER, noun A protection or shelter by hanging over. Obs.

Hover-Ground

HOV'ER-GROUND, noun Light ground.

Ray.

Hovering

HOV'ERING, participle of the present tense Flapping the wings; hanging over or around; moving with short irregular flights.

How

HOW, adverb [Saxon hu; Dutch hoe.] In what manner. I know not how to answer.

How can a man be born when he is old?

How can these things be? John 3.

2. To what degree or extent. How long shall we suffer these indignities? How much better is wisdom than gold!

O how love I thy law! How sweet are thy words to my taste! Psalm 119.

3. For what reason; from what cause.

How now, my love, why is your cheek so pale?

Shak.

4. By what means. How can this effect be produced?

5. In what state.

How, and with what reproach shall I return?

Dryden.

6. It is used in a sense marking proportion; as how much less; how much more.

Behold, he putteth no trust in his servantsÃ‚--how much less in them that dwell in houses of clayÃ‚-- Job 4.

By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility and fountains and rivers of the earth.

Bentley.

7. It is much used in exclamation.

How are the mighty fallen! 2 Samuel 1.

8. In some popular phrases, how is superfluous or inelegant.

Thick clouds put us in some hope of land; knowing how that part of the South Sea was utterly unknown.

Bacon.

Howbeit

HOWBE'IT, adverb [how, be, and it.] Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; but; however. Obs.

Howdy

HOW'DY, noun A midwife. [Local.]

Grose.

How Dye

HOW D'YE, how do you? how is your health?

However

HOWEV'ER, adverb [how and ever.] In whatever manner or degree; as, however good or bad the style may be.

2. At all events; at least.

Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the greatest evils.

Tillotson.

3. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet. I shall not oppose your design; I cannot however approve of it.

You might howe'er have took a fairer way.

Dryden.

Howitz

HOW'ITZ, or HOW'ITZER, noun [Spanish hobus; German haubitze.] A kind of mortar or short gun, mounted on a field carriage, and used for throwing shells. The difference between a mortar and a howitz is that the trunnions of a mortar are at the end, but those of a howitz are at the middle.

Encyc.

Howker

HOW'KER, noun A Dutch vessel with two masts, a main and a mizen-mast; also, a fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland.

Mar. Dict.

Howl

HOWL, verb intransitive [Dutch huilen; German heulen; Swedish yla; Danish hyler; Spanish aullar; Latin ululo; Greek; Cornish hoalea. Qu. Welsh wylaw; Armoric guela or iala; Irish guilim; Italian guaiolare. The latter coincide with wail and yell.]

1. To cry as a dog or wolf; to utter a particular kind of loud, protracted and mournful sound. We say, the dog howls; the wolf howls. Hence,

2. To utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive of distress; to wail.

Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Isaiah 13.

Ye rich men, weep and howl. James 5.

3. To roar; as a tempest.

Howl

HOWL, verb transitive To utter or speak with outery.

GoÃ‚--howl it out in desarts.

Philips.

Howl

HOWL, noun The cry of a dog or wolf, or other like sound.

2. The cry of a human being in horror or anguish.

Howlet

HOWL'ET, noun [French hulotte; from owl.] A fowl of the owl kind, which utters a mournful cry. It is as large as a pullet.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Howling

HOWL'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering the cry of a dog or wolf; uttering a loud cry of distress.

Howling

HOWL'ING, adjective Filled with howls, or howling beasts; dreary.

Innumerable artifices and stratagems are acted in the howling wilderness and in the great deep, that can never come to our knowledge.

Addison.

Howling

HOWL'ING, noun The act of howling; a loud outery or mournful sound.

Howsoever

HOWSOEV'ER, adverb [how, so, and ever.]

1. In what manner soever.

Raleigh.

2. Although.

Shak.

[For this word, however is generally used.]

Hox

HOX, verb transitive To hough; to hamstring. [Not used. See Hough.]

Shak.

Hoy

HOY, noun A small vessel, usually rigged as a sloop, and employed in conveying passengers and goods from place to place on the sea coast, or in transporting goods to and from a ship in a road or bay.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Hoy

HOY, an exclamation, of no definite meaning.

Hub

HUB. [See Hob.]

Hubbub

HUB'BUB, noun A great noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar; riot.

Spenser. Clarendon.

Huck

HUCK, verb intransitive To haggle in trading. [Not in use.]

Huck

HUCK, noun The name of a German rivertrout.

Dict.

Huckaback

HUCK'ABACK, noun A kind of linen with raised figures on it.

Huckle

HUCK'LE, noun [infra.] The hip, that is, a bunch.

Hucklebacked

HUCK'LEBACKED, adjective [German hÃƒ-¶cker, a bunch, and back.] Having round shoulders.

Hucklebone

HUCK'LEBONE, noun [German hÃƒ-¶cker, a bunch.] The hip bone.

Huckster

HUCK'STER, noun [German hÃƒ-¶cke, hÃƒ-¶cker; Danish hÃƒ-¶kker. It seems to be from hocken, to take on the back, and to signify primarily a pedlar, one that carries goods on his back.]

1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, nuts, &c.

2. A mean trickish fellow.

Hub. Tale.

Huckster

HUCK'STER, verb intransitive To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains.

Swift.

Hucksteress

HUCK'STERESS, noun A female pedlar.

Hud

HUD, noun The shell or hull of a nut. [Local.]

Grose.

Huddle

HUD'DLE, verb intransitive [In German hudeln signifies to bungle. It may be allied to hut, hide, or cuddle.]

1. To crowd; to press together promiscuously, without order or regularity. We say of a throng of people, they huddle together.

2. To move in a promiscuous throng without order; to press or hurry in disorder. The people huddle along, or huddle into the house.

Huddle

HUD'DLE, verb transitive To put on in haste and disorder; as, she huddled on her clothes.

2. To cover in haste or carelessly.

Edwards.

3. To perform in haste and disorder.

Dryden.

4. To throw together in confusion; to crowd together without regard to order; as, to huddle propositions together.

Locke.

Huddle

HUD'DLE, noun A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together without order or regularity; tumult; confusion.

Glanville. Locke.

Huddled

HUD'DLED, participle passive Crowded together without order.

Huddling

HUD'DLING, participle of the present tense Crowding or throwing together in disorder; putting on carelessly.

Hue

HUE, noun [Saxon hiewe, hiw, color, form, image, beauty; hiwian, to form, to feign, to simulate. This may be contracted, for in Swedish hyckla, Danish hykler, is to play the hypocrite. Perhaps how is of this family.]

Color; dye.

Flow'rs of all hue.

Milton.

Hue

HUE, in the phrase hue, and cry, signifies a shouting or vociferation. In law, a hue and cry is the pursuit of a felon or offender, with loud outcries or clamor to give an alarm. Hue is a contracted word, Norm. hue, French huer or hucher, Danish hui, or more propably it is from the same root as hoot.

Huer

HU'ER, noun One whose business is to cry out or give an alarm. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Huff

HUFF, noun [Spanish chufa, an empty boast; chufar, to hector, to bully; Swedish yfvas, yfva sig. This word coincides in elements with heave, hove, Danish hovner, to swell; but it may be a different word. See Class Gb. No. 4. 31.]

1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance.

A Spaniard was wonderfully upon the huff about his extraction.

L'Estrange.

2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance.

Lewd shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the badge of wit.

South.

Huff

HUFF, verb transitive To swell; to enlarge; to puff up.

Grew.

2. To hector; to bully; to treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence.

Huff

HUFF, verb intransitive To swell; to dilate or enlarge; as, the bread huffs.

2. To bluster; to swell with anger, pride or arrogance; to storm.

This arrogant conceit made them huff at the doctrine of repentance.

South.

A huffing, shining, flattering, cringing coward.

Otway.

Huffed

HUFF'ED, participle passive Swelled; puffed up.

Huffer

HUFF'ER, noun A bully; a swaggerer; a blusterer.

Huffiness

HUFF'INESS, noun Petulance; the state of being puffed up.

Hudibras.

Huffing

HUFF'ING, participle of the present tense Swelling; puffing up; blustering.

Huffish

HUFF'ISH, adjective Arrogant; insolent; hectoring.

Huffishly

HUFF'ISHLY, adverb With arrogance or blustering.

Huffishness

HUFF'ISHNESS, noun Arrogance; petulance; noisy bluster.

Huffy

HUFF'Y, adjective Swelled or swelling; petulant.

Hug

HUG, verb transitive [Danish heger, to hug, to cherish, Swedish hugna; Danish huger, to sit squat on the tail. The latter seems to be the German hocken, to sit squat, to keep close, Dutch hukken. The sense is to press, and this word may be allied to hedge.]

1. To press close in an embrace.

Ã‚--And hugged me in his arms.

Shak.

2. To embrace closely; to hold fast; to treat with fondness.

We hug deformities, if they bear our names.

Glanville.

3. To gripe in wrestling or scuffling.

To hug the land, in sailing, to sail as near the land as possible.

To hug the wind, to keep the ship close-hauled.

Mar. Dict.

Hug

HUG, noun A close embrace.

Gay.

2. A particular gripe in wrestling or scuffling.

Huge

HUGE, adjective [This word seems to belong to the family of high, Dutch hoog, German hoch. If so, the primary sense is to swell or rise. If not, I know not its origin.]

1. Very large or great; enormous; applied to bulk or size; as a huge mountain; a huge ox.

2. It is improperly applied to space and distance, in the sense of great, vast, immense; as a huge space; a huge difference. This is inelegant, or rather vulgar.

3. In colloquial language, very great; enormous; as a huge feeder.

Shak.

Hugely

HU'GELY, adverb Very greatly; enormously; immensely.

Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea?

Shak.

Hugeness

HU'GENESS, noun Enormous bulk or largeness; as the hugeness of a mountain or of an elephant.

Hugger-Mugger

HUG'GER-MUGGER, noun [Hugger contains the elements of hug and hedge, and mugger, those of smoke, Welsh mwg, and of smuggle.]

In hugger-mugger, denotes in privacy or secrecy, and the word adverbially used, denotes secretly. [It is a low cant word.]

Huguenot

HU'GUENOT, noun [The origin of this word is uncertain. It is conjectured to be a corruption of German eidgenossen, confederates; eid, oath, and genoss, consort.]

A name formerly given to a protestant in France.

Huguenotism

HU'GUENOTISM, noun The religion of the Huguenots in France.

Sherwood.

Hugy

HU'GY, adjective [from huge.] Vast in size. [Not used.]

Carew.

Huisher

HUISH'ER, noun [French huissier.] An usher. Obs. [See Usher.]

B. Jonson.

Huke

HUKE, noun [Welsh hug.] A cloke; a hyke.

Bacon.

Hulch

HULCH, noun A bunch. [Not used.]

Hulchis

HULCH'IS, adjective Swelling; gibbous. [Not used.]

Hulk

HULK, noun [Dutch hulk; Saxon hulc, a cottage or lodge, a vessel; Danish holk, a hoy; Swedish hÃƒ-¥lk. Qu. Greek.]

1. The body of a ship, or decked vessel of any kind; but the word is applied only to the body of an old ship or vessel which is laid by as unfit for service. A sheer-hulk is an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

2. Any thing bulky or unwiedly. [Not used.]

Shak.

Hulk

HULK, verb transitive To take out the entrails; as, to hulk a hare. [Little used.]

Ainsworth.

Hulky

HULK'Y, adjective Bulky; unwieldy. [Not used.]

Hull

HULL, noun [Saxon hul, the cover of a nut; German hÃƒ-¼lse; Dutch hulse; Welsh hÃƒ-»l, a cover; huliaw, to cover, to deck, German hÃƒ-¼llen. See Hulk.]

1. The outer covering of any thing, particularly of a nut or of grain. Johnson says, the hull of a nut covers the shell.

2. The frame or body of a ship, exclusive of her masts, yards and rigging.

Mar. Dict.

To lie a hull, in seamen's language, is to lie as a ship without any sail upon her, and her helm lashed a-lee.

Encyc.

To strike a hull, in a storm, is to take in the sails, and lash the helm on the lee-side of a ship.

Encyc.

Hull

HULL, verb transitive To strip off or separate the hull or hulls; as, to hull grain.

2. To pierce the hull of a ship with a cannon-ball.

Hull

HULL, verb intransitive To float or drive on the water without sails.

Milton.

Hully

HULL'Y, adjective Having husks or pods; siliquous.

Hulotheism

HU'LOTHEISM, noun [Greek, matter, and, God.]

The doctrine or belief that matter is God, or that there is no God, except matter and the universe.

Hulver

HUL'VER, noun Holly, a tree. [Dutch hulst.]

Tusser.

Hum

HUM, verb intransitive [German hummen; Dutch hommelen.] To utter the sound of bees; to buzz.

2. To make an inarticulate buzzing sound.

The cloudy messenger turns me his back,

And humsÃ‚--

Shak.

3. To pause in speaking, and make an audible noise like the humming of bees.

He hummed and hawed.

Hudibras.

4. To make a dull, heavy noise like a drone.

Still humming, on their drowsy course they took.

Pope.

5. To applaud. Obs.

Hum

HUM, verb transitive To sing in a low voice; as, to hum a tune.

2. To cause to hum; to impose on. [Vulgar.]

Hum

HUM, noun The noise of bees or insects.

2. A low confused noise, as of crowds; as the busy hum of men.

Milton.

3. Any low dull noise.

Pope.

4. A low inarticulate sound, uttered by a speaker in a pause; as hums and haws.

Shak. Dryden.

5. An expression of applause.

Spectator.

Hum

HUM, exclam. A sound with a pause, implying doubt and deliberation.

Pope.

Human

HU'MAN, adjective [Latin humanus; French humain; Spanish humano; Italian umano. I am not certain which are the radical letters of this word, but am inclined to believe them to be Mn; that the first syllable is a prefix; that homo in Latin is contracted, the n being dropped in the nominative and restored in the oblique cases; hence homo, and the Gothic and Saxon guma, a man, may be the same word, but this is doubtful. If Mn are the elements, this word is from the root of man, or rather is formed on the Teutonic word. Hebrew form, species. The corresponding word in German is menschlich [manlike,] Dutch menschelyk. See Man.]

1. Belonging to man or mankind; pertaining or relating to the race of man; as a

human voice; human shape; human nature; human knowledge; human life.

2. Having the qualities of a man.

Swift.

3. Profane; not sacred or divine; as a human author. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Humanate

HU'MANATE, adjective Endued with humanity. Obs.

Cranmer.

Humane

HUMA'NE, adjective [supra.] Having the feelings and dispositions proper to man; having tenderness, compassion, and a disposition to treat others with kindness; particularly in relieving them when in distress, or in captivity, when they are helpless or defenseless; kind; benevolent.

2. Inclined to treat the lower orders of animals with tenderness.

Humanely

HUMA'NELY, adverb With kindness, tenderness or compassion; as, the prisoners were treated humanely.

2. In a humane manner; with kind feelings.

Humaneness

HUMA'NENESS, noun Tenderness.

Scott.

Humanist

HU'MANIST, noun A professor of grammar and rhetoric; a philologist; a term used in the universities of Scotland.

2. One versed in the knowledge of human nature.

Shaftesbury.

Humanity

HUMAN'ITY, noun [Latin humanitas; French humanitÃƒ-©.]

1. The peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings. Thus Christ, by his incarnation, was invested with humanity.

2. Mankind collectively; the human race.

If he is able to untie those knots, he is able to teach all humanity. [Unusual.]

Glanville.

It is a debt we owe to humanity.

S. S. Smith.

3. The kind feelings, dispositions and sympathies of man, by which he is distinguished from the lower orders of animals; kindness; benevolence; especially, a disposition to relieve persons in distress, and to treat with tenderness those who are helpless and defenseless; opposed to cruelty.

4. A disposition to treat the lower orders of animals with tenderness, or at least to give them no unnecessary pain.

5. The exercise of kindness; acts of tenderness.

6. Philology; grammatical studies.

Johnson.

Humanities, in the plural, signifies grammar, rhetoric and poetry; for teaching which there are professors in the universities of Scotland.

Encyc.

Humanization

HUMANIZA'TION, noun The act of humanizing.

Humanize

HU'MANIZE, verb transitive To soften; to render humane; to subdue dispositions to cruelty, and render susceptible of kind feelings.

Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures?

Addison. Witherspoon.

Humanized

HU'MANIZED, participle passive Softened; rendered humane.

Humaniizing

HU'MANIIZING, participle of the present tense Softening; subduing cruel dispositions.

Humankind

HU'MANKIND, noun The race of man; mankind; the human species.

Pope.

Humanly

HU'MANLY, adverb After the manner of men; according to the opinions or knowledge of men. The present prospects, humanly speaking, promise a happy issue.

2. Kindly; humanely. Obs.

Pope.

Humation

HUMA'TION, noun Interment. [Not used.]

Humbird

HUM'BIRD, or HUM'MING-BIRD, noun A very small bird of the genus Trochilus; so called from the sound of its wings in flight. The rostrum is subulate, filiform, and longer than the head; the tongue is filiform and tubulous. It never lights to take food, but feeds while on the wing.

Humble

HUM'BLE, adjective [French humble; Latin humilis; supposed to be from humus, the earth, or its root.]

1. Low; opposed to high or lofty.

Thy humble nest built on the ground.

Cowley.

2. Low; opposed to lofty or great; mean; not magnificent; as a humble cottage.

A humble roof, and an obscure retreat.

Anon.

3. Lowly; modest; meek; submissive; opposed to proud, haughty, arrogant or assuming. In an evangelical sense, having a low opinion of one's self, and a deep sense of unworthiness in the sight of God.

God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble. James 4.

Without a humble imitation of the divine author of our blessed religion, we can never hope to be a happy nation.

Washington.

Humble

HUM'BLE, verb transitive To abase; to reduce to a low state. This victory humbled the pride of Rome. The power of Rome was humbled, but not subdued.

2. To crush; to break; to subdue. The battle of Waterloo humbled the power of Buonaparte.

3. To mortify.

4. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride of; to reduce arrogance and self-dependence; to give a low opinion of one's moral worth; to make meek and submissive to the divine will; the evangelical sense.

Humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you. 1 Peter 5.

Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart. 2 Chronicles 32.

5. To make to condescend. He humbles himself to speak to them.

6. To bring down; to lower; to reduce.

The highest mountains may be humbled into valleys.

Hakewill.

7. To deprive of chastity. Deuteronomy 21.

To humble one's self, to repent; to afflict one's self for sin; to make contrite.

Humblebee

HUM'BLEBEE, noun [German hummel; Dutch hommel; Danish hummel; Swedish humla; from hum. It is often called bumblebee, Latin bombus, a buzzing.]

A bee of a large species, that draws its food chiefly from clover flowers.

Humbled

HUM'BLED, participle passive Made low; abased; rendered meek and submissive; penitent.

Humblemouthed

HUM'BLEMOUTHED, adjective Mild; meek; modest.

Shak.

Humbleness

HUM'BLENESS, noun The state of being humble or low; humility; meekness.

Bacon. Sidney.

Humbleplant

HUM'BLEPLANT, noun A species of sensitive plant.

Mortimer.

Humbler

HUM'BLER, noun He or that which humbles; he that reduces pride or mortifies.

Humbles

HUM'BLES, or UM'BLES, noun Entrails of a deer.

Johnson.

Humbly

HUM'BLY, adverb In a humble manner; with modest submissiveness; with humility.

Hope humbly then, with trembling pinions soar,

Wait the great teacher, death, and God adore.

Pope.

2. In a low state or condition; without elevation.

Humboldite

HUM'BOLDITE, noun [from Humbold.] A rare mineral recently described, occurring in small crystals, nearly colorless and transparent, or of a yellowish tinge and translucent; rarely separate, but usually aggregated; their primary form, an oblique rhombic prism.

Phillips.

Humbug

HUM'BUG, noun An imposition. [A low word.]

Humdrum

HUM'DRUM, adjective [Qu. hum, and drone, or Welsh trom, heavy.] Dull; stupid.

Addison. Hudibras.

Humdrum

HUM'DRUM, noun A stupid fellow; a drone.

Humect

HUMECT', or HUMEC'TATE, verb transitive [Latin humecto, from humeo, to be moist; French humecter.]

To moisten; to wet; to water. [Little used.]

Brown. Howell.

Humectation

HUMECTA'TION, noun The act of moistening, wetting or watering. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Humective

HUMEC'TIVE, adjective Having the power to moisten.

Humeral

HU'MERAL, adjective [French from Latin humerus, the shoulder.]

Belonging to the shoulder; as the humeral artery.

Humhum

HUM'HUM, noun A kind of plain, coarse India cloth, made of cotton.

Humicubation

HUMICUBA'TION, noun [Latin humus, the ground, and cubo, to lie.]

A lying on the ground. [Little used.]

Bramhall.

Humid

HU'MID, adjective [Latin humidus, from humeo, to be moist; French humide.]

1. Moist; damp; containing sensible moisture; as a humid air or atmosphere.

2. Somewhat wet or watery; as humid earth.

Humidity

HUMID'ITY, noun Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness which is perceptible to the eye or touch, occasioned by the absorption of a fluid, or its adherence to the surface of a body. When a cloth has imbibed any fluid to such a degree that it can be felt, we call it humid; but when no humidity is perceptible, we say it is dry. Quicksilver communicates no humidity to our hands or clothes, for it does not adhere to them; but it will adhere to gold, tin and lead, and render them humid and soft to the touch.

2. Moisture in the form of visible vapor, or perceptible in the air.

Humidness

HU'MIDNESS, noun Humidity.

Humiliate

HUMIL'IATE, verb transitive [Latin humilio; French humilier.]

To humble; to lower in condition; to depress; as humiliated slaves.

Eaton.

Humiliated

HUMIL'IATED, participle passive Humbled; depressed; degraded.

Humiliating

HUMIL'IATING, participle of the present tense Humbling; depressing.

2. adjective Abating pride; reducing self-confidence; mortifying.

Boswell.

Humiliation

HUMILIA'TION, noun The act of humbling; the state of being humbled.

2. Descent from an elevated state or rank to one that is low or humble.

The former was a humiliation of deity; the latter, a humiliation of manhood.

Hooker.

3. The act of abasing pride; or the state of being reduced to lowliness of mind, meekness, penitence and submission.

The doctrine he preached was humiliation and repentance.

Swift.

4. A basement of pride; mortification.

Humility

HUMIL'ITY, noun [Latin humilitas; French humilitÃƒ-©. See Humble.]

1. In ethics, freedom from pride and arrogance; humbleness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth. In theology, humility consists in lowliness of mind; a deep sense of one's own unworthiness in the sight of God, self-abasement, penitence for sin, and submission to the divine will.

Before honor is humility. Proverbs 15.

Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts 20.

2. Act of submission.

With these humilities they satisfied the young king.

Davies.

Humite

HU'MITE, noun A mineral of a reddish brown color, and a shining luster; crystalized in octahedrons, much modified by truncation and bevelment. It is named from Sir Abm. Hume.

Cleaveland.

Hummer

HUM'MER, noun [from hum.] One that hums; an applauder.

Ainsworth.

Humming

HUM'MING, participle of the present tense Making a low buzzing or murmuring sound.

Humming

HUM'MING, noun The sound of bees; a low murmuring sound.

Humor

HU'MOR, noun [Latin from humeo, to be moist; Sanscrit ama, moist. The pronunciation, yumor, is odiously vulgar.]

1. Moisture; but the word is chiefly used to express the moisture or fluids of animal bodies, as the humors of the eye. But more generally the word is used to express a fluid in its morbid or vitiated state. Hence, in popular speech, we often hear it said, the blood is full of humors. But the expression is not technical nor correct.

Aqueous humor of the eye, a transparent fluid, occupying the space between the crystaline lens and the cornea, both before and behind the pupil.

Crystaline humor or lens, a small transparent solid body, of a softish consistence, occupying a middle position in the eye, between the aqueous and vitreous humors, and directly behind the pupil. It is of a lenticular form, or with double convex surfaces, and is the principal instrument in refracting the rays of light, so as to form an image on the retina.

Vitreous humor of the eye, a fluid contained in the minute cells of a transparent membrane, occupying the greater part of the cavity of the eye, and all the space between the crystaline and the retina.

Wistar.

2. A disease of the skin; cutaneous eruptions.

Fielding.

3. Turn of mind; temper; disposition, or rather a peculiarity of disposition often temporary; so called because the temper of mind has been supposed to depend on the fluids of the body. Hence we say, good humor; melancholy humor; peevish humor. Such humors, when temporary, we call freaks, whims, caprice. Thus a person characterized by good nature may have a fit of ill humor; and an ill natured person may have a fit of good humor. So we say, it was the humor of the man at the time; it was the humor of the multitude.

4. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas a wild or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations. Humor is less poignant and brilliant than wit; hence it is always agreeable. Wit, directed against folly, often offends by its severity; humor makes a man ashamed of his follies, without exciting his resentment. Humor may be employed solely to raise mirth and render conversation pleasant, or it may contain a delicate kind of satire.

5. Petulance; peevishness; better expressed by ill humor.

Is my friend all perfection? has he not humors to be endured?

South.

6. A trick; a practice or habit.

I like not the humor of lying.

Shak.

Humor

HU'MOR, verb transitive To gratify by yielding to particular inclination, humor, wish or desire; to indulge by compliance. We sometimes humor children to their injury or ruin. The sick, the infirm, and the aged often require to be humored.

2. To suit; to indulge; to favor by imposing no restraint, and rather contributing to promote by occasional aids. We say, an actor humors his part, or the piece.

It is my part to invent, and that of the musicians to humor that invention.

Dryden.

Humoral

HU'MORAL, adjective Pertaining to or proceeding from the humors; as a humoral fever.

Harvey.

Humoral pathology, that pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors.

Cyc.

Humored

HU'MORED, participle passive Indulged; favored.

Humoring

HU'MORING, participle of the present tense Indulging a particular wish or propensity; favoring; contributing to aid by falling into a design or course.

Humorist

HU'MORIST, noun One who conducts himself by his own inclination, or bent of mind; one who gratifies his own humor.

The humorist is one that is greatly pleased or greatly displeased with little things; his actions seldom directed by the reason and nature of things.

Watts.

2. One that indulges humor in speaking or writing; one who has a playful fancy or genius. [See Humor, No. 4.]

3. One who has odd conceits; also, a wag; a droll.

Hall. Bodley.

Humorous

HU'MOROUS, adjective Containing humor; full of wild or fanciful images; adapted to excite laughter; jocular; as a humorous essay; a humorous story.

2. Having the power to speak or write in the style of humor; fanciful; playful; exciting laughter; as a humorous man or author.

3. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical.

I am known to be a humorous patrician.

Shak.

Rough as a storm, and humorous as the wind.

Dryden.

4. Moist; humid. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Humorously

HU'MOROUSLY, adverb With a wild or grotesque combination of ideas; in a manner to excite laughter or mirth; pleasantly; jocosely. Addison describes humorously the manual exercise of ladies' fans.

2. Capriciously; whimsically; in conformity with one's humor.

We resolve by halves, rashly and humorously.

Calamy.

Humorousness

HU'MOROUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being humorous; oddness of conceit; jocularity.

2. Fickleness; capriciousness.

3. Peevishness; petulance.

Goodman.

Humorsome

HU'MORSOME, adjective Peevish; petulant; influenced by the humor of the moment.

The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms.

Burke.

2. Odd; humorous; adapted to excite laughter.

Swift.

Humorsomely

HU'MORSOMELY, adverb Peevishly; petulantly.

Johnson.

2. Oddly; humorously.

Hump

HUMP, noun [Latin umbo.] The protuberance formed by a crooked back; as a camel with one hump, or two humps.

Humpback

HUMP'BACK, noun A crooked back; high shoulders.

Tatler.

Humpbacked

HUMP'BACKED, adjective Having a crooked back.

Hunch

HUNCH, noun [See the Verb.] A hump; a protuberance; as the hunch of a camel.

2. A lump; a thick piece; as a hunch of bread; a word in common vulgar use in New England.

3. A push or jerk with the fist or elbow.

Hunch

HUNCH, verb transitive To push with the elbow; to push or thrust with a sudden jerk.

2. To push out in a protuberance; to crook the back.

Dryden.

Hunchbacked

HUNCH'BACKED, adjective Having a crooked back.

L'Estrange. Dryden.

Hundred

HUND'RED, adjective [Saxon hund or hundred; Gothic hund; Dutch honderd; German hundert; Swedish hundra; Danish hundre, hundred; Latin centum; Welsh cant, a circle, the hoop of a wheel, the rim of any thing, a complete circle or series, a hundred; Cornish canz; Armoric cant; Irish ceantr. Lye, in his Saxon and Gothic Dictionary, suggests that this word hund is a mere termination of the Gothic word for ten; taihun-taihund, ten times ten. But this cannot be true, for the word is found in the Celtic as well as Gothic dialects, and in the Arabic, Class Gn. No. 63; at least this is probably the same word. The Welsh language exhibits the true sense of the word, which is a circle, a complete series. Hence, Welsh cantrev, a division of a county, or circuit, a canton, a hundred. See Canton. The word signifies a circuit, and the sense of hundred is secondary. The centuria of the Romans, and the hundred, a division of a county in England, might have been merely a division, and not an exact hundred in number.]

Denoting the product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; as a hundred men.

Hundred

HUND'RED, noun A collection, body or sum, consisting of ten times ten individuals or units; the number 100.

2. A division or part of a county in England, supposed to have originally contained a hundred families, or a hundred warriors, or a hundred manors. [But as the word denotes primarily a circuit or division, it is not certain that Alfred's divisions had any reference to that number.]

Hundred-Court

HUND'RED-COURT, noun In England, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred.

Blackstone.

Hundreder

HUND'REDER, noun In England, a man who may be of a jury in any controversy respecting land within the hundred to which he belongs.

2. One having the jurisdiction of a hundred.

Hundredth

HUND'REDTH, adjective The ordinal of a hundred.

Hung

HUNG, preterit tense and participle passive of hang.

Hungary-Water

HUNGARY-WATER, noun A distilled water prepared from the tops of flowers of rosemary; so called from a queen of Hungary, for whose use it was first made.

Encyc.

Hunger

HUN'GER, noun [Saxon German Danish Swedish hunger, Dutch honger, Gothic huhrus, hunger; Saxon hungrian, hingrian, Gothic huggryan, to hunger. It appears from the Gothic that n is not radical; the root then is Hg.]

1. An uneasy sensation occasioned by the want of food; a craving of food by the stomach; craving appetite. Hunger is not merely want of food, for persons when sick, may abstain long from eating without hunger, or an appetite for food. Hunger therefore is the pain or uneasiness of the stomach of a healthy person, when too long destitute of food.

2. Any strong or eager desire.

For hunger of my gold I die.

Dryden.

Hunger

HUN'GER, verb intransitive To feel the pain or uneasiness which is occasioned by long abstinence from food; to crave food.

2. To desire with great eagerness; to long for.

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness. Matthew 5.

Hunger

HUN'GER, verb transitive To famish. [Not in use.]

Hunger-Bit

HUN'GER-BIT, or HUN'GER-BITTEN, adjective Pained, pinched or weakened by hunger.

Milton.

Hungering

HUN'GERING, participle of the present tense Feeling the uneasiness of want of food; desiring eagerly; longing for; craving.

Hungerly

HUN'GERLY, adjective Hungry; wanting food or nourishment.

Shak.

Hungerly

HUN'GERLY, adverb With keen appetite. [Little used.]

Shak.

Hunger-Starved

HUN'GER-ST`ARVED, adjective Starved with hunger; pinched by want of food.

Shak. Dryden.

Hungred

HUN'GRED, adjective Hungry; pinched by want of food. Obs.

Bacon.

Hungrily

HUN'GRILY, adverb [from hungry.] With keen appetite; voraciously.

When on harsh acorns hungrily they fed.

Dryden.

Hungry

HUN'GRY, adjective Having a keen appetite; feeling pain or uneasiness from want of food. Eat only when you are hungry.

2. Having an eager desire.

3. Lean; emaciated, as if reduced by hunger.

Cassius has a lean and hungry look.

Shak.

4. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; requiring substances to enrich itself; as a hungry soil; a hungry gravel.

Mortimer.

Hunks

HUNKS, noun A covetous sordid man; a miser; a niggard.

Dryden.

Huns

HUNS, noun [Latin Hunni.] The Scythians who conquered Pannonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary.

Hunt

HUNT, verb transitive [Saxon huntian. This word does not appear in the cognate languages. See Class Gn. No. 67.]

1. To chase wild animals, particularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for food, or for the diversion of sportsmen; to pursue with hounds for taking, as game; as, to hunt a stag or a hare.

2. To go in search of, for the purpose of shooting; as, to hunt wolves, bears, squirrels or partridges. This is the common use of the word in America. It includes fowling by shooting.

3. To pursue; to follow closely.

Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Psalm 140.

4. To use, direct or manage hounds in the chase.

He hunts a pack of dogs.

Addison.

To hunt out or after, to seek; to search for.

Locke.

To hunt from, to pursue and drive out or away.

To hunt down, to depress; to bear down by persecution or violence.

Hunt

HUNT, verb intransitive To follow the chase. Genesis 27.

2. To seek wild animals for game, or for killing them by shooting when noxious; with for; as, to hunt for bears or wolves; to hunt for quails, or for ducks.

3. To seek by close pursuit; to search; with for.

The adulteress will hunt for the precious life. Proverbs 6.

Hunt

HUNT, noun A chase of wild animals for catching them.

2. A huntsman. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

3. A pack of hounds.

Dryden.

4. Pursuit; chase.

Shak.

5. A seeking of wild animals of any kind for game; as a hunt for squirrels.

Hunted

HUNT'ED, participle passive Chased; pursued; sought.

Hunter

HUNT'ER, noun One who pursues wild animals with a view to take them, either for sport or for food.

2. A dog that scents game, or is employed in the chase.

3. A horse used in the chase.

Hunting

HUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Chasing for seizure; pursuing; seeking; searching.

Hunting

HUNT'ING, noun The act or practice of pursuing wild animals, for catching or killing them. Hunting was originally practiced by men for the purpose of procuring food, as it still is by uncivilized nations. But among civilized men, it is practiced mostly for exercise or diversion, or for the destruction of noxious animals, as in America.

2. A pursuit; a seeking.

Hunting-Horn

HUNT'ING-HORN, noun A bugle; a horn used to cheer the hounds in pursuit of game.

Hunting-Horse

HUNT'ING-HORSE, or HUNT'ING-NAG, noun A horse used in hunting.

Butler.

Hunting-Seat

HUNT'ING-SEAT, noun A temporary residence for the purpose of hunting.

Gray.

Huntress

HUNT'RESS, noun A female that hunts, or follows the chase. Diana is called the huntress.

Huntsman

HUNTS'MAN, noun One who hunts, or who practices hunting.

Waller.

2. The servant whose office it is to manage the chase.

L'Estrange.

Huntsmanship

HUNTS'MANSHIP, noun The art or practice of hunting, or the qualifications of a hunter.

Donne.

Hurden

HUR'DEN, noun [made of hurds, hards, or coarse flax.] A coarse kind of linen. [Local or obs.]

Shenstone.

Hurdle

HUR'DLE, noun [Saxon hyrdel; German hÃƒ-¼rde, a hurdle, a fold or pen; Dutch horde, a hurdle, a horde. The elements of this word are the same as of the Latin crates, Hrd, Crd. It coincides also with herd, denoting closeness, pressure, holding.]

1. A texture of twigs, osiers or sticks; a crate of various forms, according to its destination. The English give this name to a sled or crate on which criminals are drawn to the place of execution. In this sense, it is not used in America.

2. In fortification, a collection of twigs or sticks interwoven closely and sustained by long stakes. It is made in the figure of a long square, five or six feet by three and a half. Hurdles serve to render works firm, or to cover traverses and lodgments for the defense of workmen against fire-works or stones.

Encyc.

3. In husbandry, a frame of split timber or sticks wattled together, serving for gates, inclosures, &c.

Encyc.

Hurds

HURDS, noun The coarse part of flax or hemp. [See Hards.]

Hurdy-Gurdy

HUR'DY-GURDY, noun An instrument of music, said to be used in the streets of London.

Todd.

Hurl

HURL, verb transitive [Armoric harlua. This may be a different spelling of whirl.]

1. To throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone.

And hurl them headlong to their fleet and main.

Pope.

2. To utter with vehemence; as, to hurl out vows. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

3. To play at a kind of game.

Carew.

Hurl

HURL, noun The act of throwing with violence.

2. Tumult; riot; commotion.

Knolles.

Hurlbat

HURL'BAT, noun A whirl-bat; an old kind of weapon.

Ainsworth.

Hurlbone

HURL'BONE, noun In a horse, a bone near the middle of the buttock.

Encyc.

Hurled

HURL'ED, participle passive Thrown with violence.

Hurler

HURL'ER, noun One who hurls, or who plays at hurling.

Carew.

Hurling

HURL'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing with force; playing at hurling.

Hurlwind

HURL'WIND, noun A whirlwind, which see.

Sandys.

Hurly

HURL'Y, or HURL'Y-BURLY, noun [Danish hurl om burl, topsy turvy; French hurlu-burlu, inconsiderately.] Tumult; bustle; confusion.

Shak.

Hurraw

HURRAW, or HURRAH, exclam. Hoora; huzza. [See Hoora.]

Hurricane

HUR'RICANE, noun [Spanish huracan, for furacan, from the Latin furio, furo, to rage; Portugese furaÃƒ-§am; Italian oragano; French ouragan; Dutch orkaan; German Danish Swedish orcan. I know not the origin, nor the signification of the last syllable.]

1. A most violent storm of wind, occurring often in the West Indies, and sometimes in higher northern latitudes, and on the coast of the United States, as far north as New England. A hurricane is distinguished from every other kind of tempest by the extreme violence of the wind, and by its sudden changes; the wind often veering suddenly several points, sometimes a quarter of the circle and even more.

2. Any violent tempest.

Dryden.

Hurried

HUR'RIED, participle passive [from hurry.] Hastened: urged or impelled to rapid motion or vigorous action.

Hurrier

HUR'RIER, noun One who hurries, urges or impels.

Hurry

HUR'RY, verb transitive [This word is evidently from the root of Latin curro; French courir; Swedish k?ra; Welsh gyru, to drive, impel, thrust, run, ride, press forward. See Arabic jarai, and kaura, to go round, to hasten. Class Greek No. 7. 32. 36.]

1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to drive or press forward with more rapidity; to urge to act or proceed with more celerity; as, to hurry the workmen or the work. Our business hurries us. The weather is hot and the load heavy; we cannot safely hurry the horses.

2. To drive or impel with violence.

Impetuous lust hurries him on to satisfy the cravings of it.

South.

3. To urge or drive with precipitation and confusion; for confusion is often caused by hurry.

And wild amazement hurries up and down

The little number of your doubtful friends.

Shak.

To hurry away, to drive or carry away in haste.

Hurry

HUR'RY, verb intransitive To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation. The business is urgent; let us hurry.

Hurry

HUR'RY, noun A driving or pressing forward in motion or business.

2. Pressure; urgency to haste. We cannot wait long; we are in a hurry.

3. Precipitation that occasions disorder or confusion.

It is necessary sometimes to be in haste, but never in a hurry.

Anon.

4. Tumult; bustle; commotion.

Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, and puts it into a violent hurry of thought.

Addison.

Hurrying

HUR'RYING, participle of the present tense Driving or urging to greater speed; precipitating.

Hurry-Skurry

HUR'RY-SKURRY, adverb Confusedly; in a bustle. [Not in use.]

Gray.

Hurst

HURST, noun [Saxon hurst or hyrst.] A wood or grove; a word found in many names, as in Hazlehurst.

Hurt

HURT, verb transitive pret. and pp. hurt. [Saxon hyrt, wounded; Italian urtare, French heurter, to strike or dash against; Welsh hyrziaw, to push, thrust or drive, to assault, to butt; Armoric heurda.]

1. To bruise; to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to the body. We hurt the body by a severe blow, or by tight clothes, and the feet by fetters. Psalm 105.

2. To wound; to injure or impair the sound state of the body, as by incision or fracture.

3. To harm; to damage; to injure by occasioning loss. We hurt a man by destroying his property.

4. To injure by diminution; to impair. A man hurts his estate by extravagance.

5. To injure by reducing in quality; to impair the strength, purity or beauty of.

Hurt not the wine and the oilÃ‚--Revelation 6.

6. To harm; to injure; to damage, in general.

7. To wound; to injure; to give pain to; as, to hurt the feelings.

Hurt

HURT, noun A wound; a bruise; any thing that gives pain to the body.

The pains of sickness and hurts.

Locke.

2. Harm; mischief; injury.

I have slain a man to my wounding, and a young man to my hurt. Genesis 4.

3. Injury; loss.

Why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings? Ez. 4.

Hurter

HURT'ER, noun One who hurts or does harm.

Hurters

HURT'ERS, noun Pieces of wood at the lower end of a platform, to prevent the wheels of gun-carriages from injuring the parapet.

Hurtful

HURT'FUL, adjective Injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or destruction; tending to impair or destroy. Negligence is hurtful to property; intemperance is hurtful to health.

Hurtfully

HURT'FULLY, adverb Injuriously; mischievously.

Hurtfulness

HURT'FULNESS, noun Injuriousness; tendency to occasion loss or destruction; mischievousness.

Hurtle

HURT'LE, verb intransitive [from hurt.] To clash or run against; to jostle; to skirmish; to meet in shock and encounter; to wheel suddenly. [Not now used.]

Spenser. Shak.

Hurtle

HURT'LE, verb transitive To move with violence or impetuosity. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To push forcibly; to whirl.

Hurtleberry

HURT'LEBERRY, noun A whortleberry, which see.

Hurtless

HURT'LESS, adjective Harmless; innocent; doing no injury; innoxious; as hurtless blows.

Dryden.

2. Receiving no injury.

Hurtlessly

HURT'LESSLY, adverb Without harm. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Hurtlessness

HURT'LESSNESS, noun Freedom from any harmful quality. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Husband

HUS'BAND, n. s as z. [Saxon husbonda; hus, house, and buend, a farmer or cultivator, or an inhabitant, from byan, to inhabit or till, contracted from bugian; Danish huusbonde; Swedish husbonde; Swedish byggia, Danish bygger, to build; Dutch bouwen, German bauen, to build, to till, to plow or cultivate; German bauer, a builder, a countryman, a clown, a rustic, a boor; Dutch buur, the last component part of neighbor. Band, bond, in this word, is the participle of buan, byan, that is, buend, occupying, tilling, and husband is the farmer or inhabitant of the house, in Scottish, a farmer; thence the sense of husbandry. It had no relation primarily to marriage; but among the common people, a woman calls her consort, my man, and the man calls his wife, my woman, as in Hebrew, and in this instance, the farmer or occupier of the house, or the builder, was called my farmer; or by some other means, husband came to denote the consort of the female head of the family.]

1. A man contracted or joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a woman is betrothed, as well as one actually united by marriage, is called a husband. Leviticus 19. Deuteronomy 22.

2. In seamen's language, the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person.

Mar. Dict.

3. The male of animals of a lower order.

Dryden.

4. An economist; a good manager; a man who knows and practices the methods of frugality and profit. In this sense, the word is modified by an epithet; as a good husband; a bad husband. [But in America, this application of the word is little or not at all used.]

Davies. Collier.

5. A farmer; a cultivator; a tiller of the ground. [In this sense, it is not used in America. We always use husbandman.]

Bacon. Dryden.

Husband

HUS'BAND, verb transitive To direct and manage with frugality in expending any thing; to use or employ in the manner best suited to produce the greatest effect; to use with economy. We say, a man husbands his estate, his means or his time.

He is conscious how ill he has husbanded the great deposit of his Creator.

Rambler.

2. To till; to cultivate with good management.

Bacon.

3. To supply with a husband. [Little used.]

Shak.

Husbandable

HUS'BANDABLE, adjective Manageable with economy. [Ill.]

Sherwood.

Husbanded

HUS'BANDED, participle passive Used or managed with economy; well managed.

Husbanding

HUS'BANDING, participle of the present tense Using or managing with frugality.

Husbandless

HUS'BANDLESS, adjective Destitute of a husband.

Shak.

Husbandly

HUS'BANDLY, adjective Frugal; thrifty. [Little used.]

Tusser.

Husbandman

HUS'BANDMAN, noun A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground; one who labors in tillage. In America, where men generally own the land on which they labor, the proprietor of a farm is also a laborer or husbandman; but the word includes the lessee and the owner.

2. The master of a family. [Not in use in America.]

Chaucer.

Husbandry

HUS'BANDRY, noun The business of a farmer, comprehending agriculture or tillage of the ground, the raising, managing and fattening of cattle and other domestic animals, the management of the dairy and whatever the land produces.

2. Frugality; domestic economy; good management; thrift. But in this sense we generally prefix good; as good husbandry.

Swift.

3. Care of domestic affairs.

Shak.

Hush

HUSH, adjective [German husch; Danish hys, hyst. In Welsh hÃƒ-ªz is peace; hÃƒ-ªzu, to make peace; cws is rest, sleep; and hust is a low, buzzing sound; Hebrew to be silent. Class Gs. No. 46.]

Silent; still; quiet; as, they are hush as death. This adjective never precedes the noun which it qualifies, except in the compound, hushmoney.

Hush

HUSH, verb transitive To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress noise; as, to hush the noisy crowd; the winds were hushed.

My tongue shall hush again this storm of war.

Shak.

2. To appease; to allay; to calm, as commotion or agitation.

Wilt thou then

Hush my cares?

Otway.

Hush

HUSH, verb intransitive To be still; to be silent.

Spenser.

Hush

HUSH, imperative of the verb, used as an exclamation, be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.

To hush up, to suppress; to keep concealed.

This matter is hushed up.

Pope.

Hushmoney

HUSH'MONEY, noun A bribe to secure silence; money paid to hinder information, or disclosure of facts.

Swift.

Husk

HUSK, noun [Qu. Welsh gwisg, Cornish quesk, a cover; or Italian guscio, bark or shell; Spanish Portugese casca, husks of grapes, bark. It signifies probably a cover or a peel.]

The external covering of certain fruits or seeds of plants. It is the calyx of the flower or glume of corn and grasses, formed of valves embracing the seed. The husks of the small grains, when separated, are called chaff; but in America we apply the word chiefly to the covering of the ears or seeds of maiz, which is never denominated chaff. It is sometimes used in England for the rind, skin or hull of seeds.

Husk

HUSK, verb transitive To strip off the external integument or covering of the fruits or seeds of plants; as, to husk maiz.

Husked

HUSK'ED, participle passive Stripped of its husks.

2. adjective Covered with a husk.

Huskiness

HUSK'INESS, noun The state of being dry and rough, like a husk.

Husking

HUSK'ING, participle of the present tense Stripping off husks.

Husking

HUSK'ING, noun The act of stripping off husks. In New England, the practice of farmers is to invite their neighbors to assist them in stripping their maiz, in autumnal evenings, and this is called a husking.

Husky

HUSK'Y, adjective Abounding with husks; consisting of husks.

Dryden.

2. Resembling husks; dry; rough.

3. Rough, as sound; harsh; whizzing.

Huso

HU'SO, noun A fish of the genus Accipenser, whose mouth is in the under part of the head; the body is naked, or without prickles or protuberances. It grows to the length of twenty four feet, and its skin is so tough that it is used for ropes in drawing wheel-carriages. It inhabits the Danube and the rivers of Russia, and of its sounds is made isinglass.

Encyc.

Hussar

HUS'SAR, n. s as z. [Tartar, uswar, cavalry; Sanscrit uswu, a horse. Thomson.]

A mounted soldier or horseman, in German cavalry. The hussars are the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia. Their regimentals are a fur cap adorned with a fether, a doublet, a pair of breeches to which the stockings are fastened, and a pair of red or yellow boots. Their arms are a saber, a carbine and pistols. Hussars now form a part of the French and English cavalry.

Encyc.

Hussite

HUSS'ITE, noun A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer.

Hussy

HUSS'Y, noun [contracted from huswife, housewife.]

1. A bad or worthless woman. It is used also ludicrously in slight disapprobation or contempt. Go, hussy, go.

2. An economist; a thrifty woman.

Tusser.

Hustings

HUS'TINGS, noun [Saxon hustinge; supposed to be composed of hus, house, and thing, cause, suit; the house of trials.]

1. A court held in Guildhall, in London, before the lord mayor and aldermen of the city; the supreme court or council of the city. In this court are elected the aldermen and the four members of parliament.

2. The place where an election of a member of parliament is held.

Burke.

Hustle

HUS'TLE, v. i. hus'l. [Dutch hutselen, to shake; Swedish hutla, to shuffle.]

To shake together in confusion; to push or crowd.

Huswife

HUS'WIFE, noun A worthless woman; a bad manager. [See Hussy.]

Shak.

2. A female economist; a thrifty woman.

Shak.

Huswife

HUS'WIFE, verb transitive To manage with economy and frugality.

Dryden.

Huswifery

HUS'WIFERY, noun The business of managing the concerns of a family by a female; female management, good or bad.

Tusser.

Hut

HUT, noun [German hÃƒ-¼tte; Dutch hut; Danish hytte; French hutte; perhaps a dialectical orthography of Saxon hus, house, and cot; Welsh cwt.]

A small house, hovel or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a cottage. It is particularly applied to log-houses erected for troops in winter.

Hut

HUT, verb transitive To place in huts, as troops encamped in winter quarters.

Marshall. Smollett.

Hut

HUT, verb intransitive To take lodgings in huts.

The troops hutted for the winter.

T. Pickering.

Hutted

HUT'TED, participle passive Lodged in huts.

Mitford.

Hutting

HUT'TING, participle of the present tense Placing in huts; taking lodgings in huts.

Hutch

HUTCH, noun [French huche; Spanish hucha; Saxon hwoecca.]

1. A chest or box; a corn chest or bin; a case for rabbits.

Mortimer.

2. A rat trap.

Hux

HUX, verb transitive To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened to floating bladders.

Encyc.

Huzz

HUZZ, verb intransitive To buzz. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Huzza

HUZZ`A, noun A shout of joy; a foreign word used in writing only, and most preposterously, as it is never used in practice. The word used is our native word hoora, or hooraw. [See Hoora.]

Huzza

HUZZ`A, verb intransitive To utter a loud shout of joy, or an acclamation in joy or praise.

Huzza

HUZZ`A, verb transitive To receive or attend with shouts of joy.

Addison.

Hyacinth

HY'ACINTH, noun [Latin hyacinthus; Greek.]

1. In botany, a genus of plants, of several species, and a great number of varieties. The oriental hyacinth has a large, purplish, bulbous root, from which spring several narrow erect leaves; the flower stalk is upright and succulent, and adorned with many bell-shaped flowers, united in a large pyramidical spike, of different colors in the varieties.

Encyc.

2. In mineralogy, a mineral, a variety of zircon, whose crystals, when distinct, have the form of a four-sided prism, terminated by four rhombic planes, which stand on the lateral edges. Its structure is foliated; its luster, strong; its fracture, conchoidal. Its prevailing color is a hyacinth red, in which the red is more or less tinged with yellow or brown. It is sometimes transparent, and sometimes only translucent.

Cleaveland.

Hyacinth is a subspecies of pyramidical zircon.

Ure.

Hyacinthine

HYACINTH'INE, adjective Made of hyacinth; consisting of hyacinth; resembling hyacinth.

Milton.

Hyads

HY'ADS, noun [Greek, from, to rain; rain.]

In astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the Bull's head, supposed by the ancients to bring rain.

Encyc.

Hyaline

HY'ALINE, adjective [Greek, from, glass.]

Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass.

Milton.

Hyalite

HY'ALITE, noun [Greek.] Muller's glass. It consists chiefly of silex, and is white, sometimes with a shade of yellow, blue or green.

Cleaveland.

Hybernacle

HYBERNACLE, or HYBERNATE, or HYBERNATION. See Hibernacle, or Hibernate, or Hibernation.

Hybrid

HYB'RID, noun [Greek, injury, force, rape; Latin hybrida.]

A mongrel or mule; an animal or plant, produced from the mixture of two species.

Lee. Martyn.

Hybrid

HY'BRID, or HYB'RIDOUS, adjective Mongrel; produced from the mixture of two species.

Hydage

HY'DAGE, noun In law, a tax on lands, at a certain rate by the hyde.

Blackstone.

Hydatid

HY'DATID, or HY'DATIS, noun [Greek, from, water.] A little transparent vesicle or bladder filled with water, on any part of the body, as in dropsy.

Quincy. Darwin.

Hydatids are certain spherical bodies, found occasionally in man, as well as in other animals, lodged in or adhering to the different viscera. Some of them, at least, are considered as possessing an independent vitality, and as constituting a distinct animal, allied to the toenia or tape-worm. They consist of a head, neck, and vesicular body filled with a transparent fluid.

Cyc. Parr.

Hydra

HY'DRA, noun [Latin hydra; Greek, from, water.]

1. A water serpent. In fabulous history, a serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, being cut off, was immediately succeeded by another, unless the wound was cauterized. Hercules killed this monster by applying firebrands to the wounds, as he cut off the heads. Hence we give the name to a multitude of evils, or to a cause of multifarious evils.

2. A technical name of a genus of Zoophytes, called polypus, or polypuses.

3. A southern constellation, containing 60 stars.

Cyc.

Hydracid

HYDRAC'ID, adjective [Greek, water, and acid.] An acid formed by the union of hydrogen with a substance without oxygen.

Coxe.

Hydragogue

HY'DRAGOGUE, n. hy'dragog. [Greek; water, and, a leading or drawing, from, to lead or drive.]

A medicine that occasions a discharge of watery humors; a name that implies a supposition that every purgative has the quality of evacuating a particular humor. But in general, the stronger cathartics are hydragogues.

Quincy. Encyc.

Hydrangea

HYDRAN'GEA, noun [Greek, water, and, a vessel.]

A plant which grows in the water, and bears a beautiful flower. Its capsule has been compared to a cup.

De Theis, Gloss. Botan.

Hydrant

HY'DRANT, noun [Greek, to irrigate, from, water.]

A pipe or machine with suitable valves and a spout, by which water is raised and discharged from the main conduit of an aqueduct.

Hydrargillite

HYDR`ARGILLITE, noun [Greek, water, and, clay.] A mineral, called also Wavellite.

Hydrate

HY'DRATE, noun [Greek, water.] In chimistry, a compound, in definite proportions, of a metallic oxyd with water.

Ure.

A hydrate is a substance which has formed so intimate a union with water as to solidify it, and render it a component part. Slaked lime is a hydrate of lime.

Parke.

Hydraulic

HYDRAUL'IC, or HYDRAUL'ICAL, adjective [French hydraulique; Latin hydraulicus; Greek, an instrument of music played by water; water, and, a pipe.]

1. Relating to the conveyance of water through pipes.

2. Transmitting water through pipes; as a hydraulic engine.

Hydraulic lime, a species of lime that hardens in water; used for cementing under water.

Journ. of Science.

Hydraulics

HYDRAUL'ICS, noun The science of the motion and force of fluids, and of the construction of all kinds of instruments and machines by which the force of fluids is applied to practical purposes; a branch of hydrostatics.

Hydraulics is that branch of the science of hydrodynamics which treats of fluids considered as in motion.

Ed. Encyc.

Hydrenterocele

HYDREN'TEROCELE, noun [Greek, water, intestine, and, a tumor.]

A dropsy of the scrotum with rupture.

Coxe.

Hydriodic

HYDRIOD'IC, adjective [hydrogen and iodic.] Denoting a peculiar acid or gaseous substance, produced by the combination of hydrogen and iodine.

Hydriodate

HYD'RIODATE, noun A salt formed by the hydriodic acid, with a base.

De Claubry.

Hydrocarbonate

HYDROC'ARBONATE, noun [Greek, water, or rather hydrogen, and Latin carbo, a coal.]

Carbureted hydrogen gas, or heavy inflammable air.

Aikin.

Hydrocarburet

HYDROC`ARBURET, noun Carbureted hydrogen.

Henry.

Hydrocele

HY'DROCELE, noun [Greek; water, and, a tumor.]

Any hernia proceeding from water; a watery tumor, particularly one in the scrotum.

Encyc.

A dropsy of the scrotum.

Coxe. Parr.

Hydrocephalus

HYDROCEPH'ALUS, noun [Greek, water, and, the head.]

Dropsy of the head; a preternatural distension of the head by a stagnation and extravasation of the lymph, either within or without the cranium.

Coxe. Encyc.

Hydrochlorate

HYDROCHLO'RATE, noun A compound of hydrochloric acid and a base; a muriate.

Journ. of Science.

Hydrochloric

HYDROCHLO'RIC, adjective [hydrogen and chloric.]

Hydrochloric acid is muriatic acid gas, a compound of chlorin and hydrogen gas.

Webster's Manual.

Hydrocyanate

HYDROCY'ANATE, noun Prussiate; cyanuret.

Hydrocyanic

HYDROCYAN'IC, adjective [Greek, water, or rather hydrogen, and, blue.]

The hydrocyanic acid is the same as the prussic acid.

Hydrodynamic

HYDRODYNAM'IC, adjective [Greek, water, and, power, force.] Pertaining to the force or pressure of water.

Hydrodynamics

HYDRODYNAM'ICS, noun That branch of natural philosophy which treats of the phenomena of water and other fluids, whether in motion or at rest; of their equilibrium, motion, cohesion, pressure, resistance, &c. It comprehends both hydrostatics and hydraulics.

Ed. Encyc.

Hydrofluate

HYDROFLU'ATE, noun A compound of hydrofluoric acid and a base.

Hydrofluoric

HYDROFLUOR'IC, adjective [Greek, water, and fluor.]

Consisting of fluorin and hydrogen. The hydrofluoric acid is obtained by distilling a mixture of one part of the purest fluor spar in fine powder, with two of sulphuric acid.

Webster's Manual.

Hydrogen

HY'DROGEN, noun [Greek, water, and, to generate; so called as being considered the generator of water.]

In chimistry, a gas which constitutes one of the elements of water, of which it is said by Lavoisier to form fifteen parts in a hundred; but according to Berzelius and Dulong, hydrogen gas is 11.1 parts in a hundred, and oxygen 88. 9. Hydrogen gas is an aeriform fluid, the lightest body known, and though extremely inflammable itself, it extinguishes burning bodies, and is fatal to animal life. Its specific gravity is 0.0694, that of air being 1.00. In consequence of its extreme lightness, it is employed for filling air balloons.

Lavoisier. Webster's Manual.

Hydrogenate

HY'DROGENATE, verb transitive To combine hydrogen with any thing.

Hydrogenated

HY'DROGENATED, participle passive In combination with hydrogen.

Hydrogenize

HY'DROGENIZE, verb transitive To combine with hydrogen.

Hydrogenized

HY'DROGENIZED, participle passive Combined with hydrogen.

Hydrogenizing

HY'DROGENIZING, participle of the present tense Combining with hydrogen.

Hydrographer

HYDROG'RAPHER, noun [See Hydrography.] One who draws maps of the sea, lakes or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.

Boyle.

Hydrographic

HYDROGRAPH'IC, or HYDROGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Relating to or containing a description of the sea, sea coast, isles, shoals, depth of water, &c. or of a lake.

Hydrography

HYDROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, water, and, to describe.]

The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers and other waters; or the art of forming charts, exhibiting a representation of the sea coast, gulfs, bays, isles, promontories, channels, soundings, &c.

Hydroguret

HYDROG'URET, noun A compound of hydrogen with a base.

Hydroguret is now scarcely used, except to give the derivative hydrogureted.

Silliman.

Hydrogureted

HYDROG'URETED, adjective Denoting a compound of hydrogen with a base.

Hydrolite

HYDROLITE, noun [Greek, water, and, a stone.]

A mineral whose crystals are described as six sided prisms, terminated by low six sided pyramids, with truncated summits.

Cleaveland.

Hydrological

HYDROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to hydrology.

Hydrology

HYDROL'OGY, noun [Greek, water, and, discourse.]

The science of water its properties and phenomena.

Hydromancy

HY'DROMANCY, noun [Greek, water, and, divination.]

A method of divination or prediction of events by water; invented, according to Varro, by the Persians, and practiced by the Romans.

Encyc.

Hydromantic

HYDROMAN'TIC, adjective Pertaining to divination by water.

Hydromel

HY'DROMEL, noun [French from Greek, water, and, honey.]

A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water. Before fermentation, it is called simple hydromel; after fermentation, it is called vinous hydromel or mead.

Hydrometer

HYDROM'ETER, noun [See Hydrometry.] An instrument to measure the gravity, density, velocity, force, &c. of water and other fluids, and the strength of spirituous liquors.

Encyc.

Hydrometric

HYDROMET'RIC, or HYDROMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to a hydrometer, or to the measurement of the gravity, &c. of fluids.

2. Made by a hydrometer.

Hydrometry

HYDROM'ETRY, noun [Greek, water, and, measure.]

The art of measuring, or the mensuration of the gravity, density, velocity, force, &c. of fluids, and the strength of rectified spirits.

Encyc.

Hydro-Oxyd

HYDRO-OXYD, noun [Greek, water, and oxyd.]

A metallic oxyd combined with water; a metallic hydrate.

Parke. Coxe.

Hydrophane

HY'DROPHANE, noun [Greek, water, and, to show.]

In mineralogy, a variety of opal made transparent by immersion in water.

Kirwan.

Hydrophanous

HYDROPH'ANOUS, adjective Made transparent by immersion in water.

Kirwan.

Hydrophobia

HYDROPHO'BIA, or HY'DROPHOBY, noun [Greek, water, and, to fear.]

A preternatural dread of water; a symptom of canine madness, or the disease itself, which is thus denominated. This dread of water sometimes takes place in violent inflammations of the stomach, and in hysteric fits.

Encyc.

Hydrophobic

HYDROPHO'BIC, adjective Pertaining to a dread of water, or canine madness.

Med. Repos.

Hydropic

HYDROP'IC, or HYDROP'ICAL, adjective [Latin hydrops; Greek, dropsy; water.]

1. Dropsical; diseased with extravasated water.

2. Containing water; caused by extravasated water; as a hydropic swelling.

3. Resembling dropsy.

Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst.

Tillotson.

Hydropneumatic

HYDROPNEUMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, water, and, inflated, from, breath, spirit.]

An epithet given to a vessel of water, with other apparatus for chimical experiments.

Med. Repos.

Hydropsy

HYDROPSY. [See Dropsy.]

Hydroscope

HY'DROSCOPE, noun [Greek, water, and, to view.]

A kind of water clock, or instrument used anciently for measuring time, consisting of a cylindrical tube, conical at the bottom, perforated at the vertex, and the whole tube graduated.

Encyc.

Hydrostatic

HYDROSTAT'IC, or HYDROSTAT'ICAL, adjective [Greek, water, and, static, standing or settling.]

Relating to the science of weighing fluids, or hydrostatics.

Hydrostatically

HYDROSTAT'ICALLY, adverb According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles.

Bentley.

Hydrostatics

HYDROSTAT'ICS, noun The science which treats of the weight, motion, and equilibriums of fluids, or of the specific gravity and other properties of fluids, particularly of water.

Hydrostatics is that branch of the science of hydrodynamics which treats of the properties of fluids at rest.

Ed. Encyc.

Hydrosulphate

HYDROSULPH'ATE, noun The same as hydrosulphuret.

Hydrosulphuret

HYDROSULPH'URET, noun [hydrogen and sulphuret.]

A combination of sulphureted hydrogen with an earth, alkali or metallic oxyd.

Hydrosulphureted

HYDROSULPH'URETED, adjective Combined with sulphureted hydrogen.

Hydrosulphuric acid, is called also hydrothionic acid, or sulphureted hydrogen.

Hydrothorax

HYDROTHO'RAX, noun [Greek, water, and.] Dropsy in the chest.

Coxe.

Hydrotic

HYDROT'IC, adjective [Greek, water.] Causing a discharge of water.

Hydrotic

HYDROT'IC, noun A medicine that purges off water or phlegm.

Arbuthnot.

Hydroxanthate

HYDROXAN'THATE, noun [Greek, water, and, yellow.]

In chimistry, a compound of hydroxanthic acid with a base.

Hydroxanthic

HYDROXAN'THIC, adjective A term used to denote a new acid, formed by the action of alkalies on the bisulphuret of carbon. It is called also carbo-sulphuric acid.

Henry.

Hydruret

HY'DRURET, noun A combination of hydrogen with sulphur, or of sulphur and sulphureted hydrogen.

Ure.

Hydrus

HY'DRUS, noun [Greek, water.] A water snake; also, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.

Hyemal

HYE'MAL, adjective [Latin hiems, winter; Sanscrit hima, cold; Slav. zima.] Belonging to winter; done in winter.

Hyemate

HY'EMATE, verb intransitive To winter at a place. [Not in use.]

Hyemation

HYEMA'TION, noun [Latin hiemo, to winter.] The passing or spending of a winter in a particular place.

Hyena

HYE'NA, noun [Latin hyoena; Greek.] A quadruped of the genus Canis, having small naked ears, four toes on each foot, a straight jointed tail, and erect hair on the neck; an inhabitant of Asiatic Turkey, Syria, Persia and Barbary. It is a solitary animal, and feeds on flesh; it preys on flocks and herds, and will open graves to obtain food. It is a fierce, cruel and untamable animal, and is sometimes called the tiger-wolf.

Hygrometer

HYGROM'ETER, noun [Greek, moist, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.

Encyc.

Hygrometrical

HYGROMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to hygrometry; made by or according to the hygrometer.

Hygrometry

HYGROM'ETRY, noun The act or art of measuring the moisture of the air.

Hygroscope

HY'GROSCOPE, noun [Greek, moist, and, to view.]

The same as hygrometer. The latter is now chiefly used.

Hygroscopic

HYGROSCOP'IC, adjective Pertaining to the hygroscope; capable of imbibing moisture.

Adams.

Hygrostatics

HYGROSTAT'ICS, noun [Greek, moist, and.]

The science of comparing degrees of moisture.

Evelyn.

Hyke

HYKE, noun [Arabic] A blanket or loose garment.

Parkhurst.

Hylarchical

HYLAR'CHICAL, adjective [Greek, matter, and, rule.] Presiding over matter.

Hallywell.

Hylozoic

HYLOZO'IC, noun [Greek, matter, and, life.]

One who holds matter to be animated.

Clarke.

Hym

HYM, noun A species of dog. Qu.

Shak.

Hymen

HY'MEN, noun [Latin from Greek, membrana, pellicula, hymen.]

1. In ancient mythology, a fabulous deity, the son of Bacchus and Venus, supposed to preside over marriages.

2. In anatomy, the virginal membrane.

3. In botany, the fine pellicle which incloses a flower in the bud.

Hymeneal

HYMENE'AL, or HYMENE'AN, adjective Pertaining to marriage.

Pope.

Hymenean

HYMENE'AN, or HYMENE'AN, noun A marriage song.

Milton.

Hymenopter

HY'MENOPTER, or HYMENOP'TERA, noun [Greek, a membrane, and, a wing.]

In entomology, the hymenopters are an order of insects, having four membranous wings, and the tail of the female mostly armed with a sting.

Hymenopteral

HYMENOP'TERAL, adjective Having four membranous wings.

Hymn

HYMN, n. hym. [Latin hymnus; Greek; hum.]

A song or ode in honor of God, and among pagans, in honor of some deity. A hymn among christians is a short poem, composed for religious service, or a song of joy and praise to God. The word primarily expresses the tune, but it is used for the ode or poem.

And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the mount of Olives. Matthew 26.

Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Colossians 3.

Hymn

HYMN, v. t. hym. To praise in song; to worship by singing hymns.

Milton.

2. To sing; to celebrate in song. They hymn their maker's praise.

Hymn

HYMN, v. i. hym. To sing in praise or adoration.

Milton.

Hymned

HYM'NED, participle passive Sung; praised; celebrated in song.

Hymning

HYM'NING, participle of the present tense Praising in song; singing.

Hymnic

HYM'NIC, adjective Relating to hymns.

Donne.

Hymnologist

HYMNOL'OGIST, noun A composer of hymns.

Busby.

Hymnology

HYMNOL'OGY, noun [Greek and.] A collection of hymns.

Mede.

Hyosciama

HYOSCIA'MA, noun A new vegetable alkali, extracted from the Hyoscyamus nigra, or henbane.

Ure.

Hyp

HYP, noun [a contraction of hypochondria.] A disease; depression of spirits.

Hyp

HYP, verb transitive To make melancholy; to depress the spirits.

Spectator.

Hypallage

HYPAL'LAGE, n. hypal'lagy. [Greek, change, from; and, to change.]

In grammar, a figure consisting of a mutual change of cases. Thus in Virgil, dare classibus austros, for dare classes austris. Hypallage is a species of hyperbaton.

Hypaspist

HYPAS'PIST, noun [Greek; and, a shield.]

A soldier in the armies of Greece, armed in a particular manner.

Mitford.

Hyper

HYPER, Greek, over, is used in composition to denote excess, or something over or beyond.

2. noun A hypercritic. [Not used.]

Prior.

Hyperaspist

HYPERAS'PIST, noun [Greek; and, a shield.] A defender.

Chillingworth. Milner.

Hyperbaton

HYPER'BATON, or HYPERBATE, noun [Greek, from, to transgress, or go beyond.]

In grammar, a figurative construction, inverting the natural and proper order of words and sentences. The species are the anastrophe, the hysteron proteron, the hypallage, the synchysis, the tmesis, the parenthesis, and the proper hyperbaton, which last is a long retention of the verb which completes the sentence.

Encyc.

Hyperbola

HYPER'BOLA, noun [Greek, over, beyond, and, to throw.]

In conic sections and geometry, a curve formed by cutting a cone in a direction parallel to its axis.

Encyc.

A section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes.

Webber.

The latter definition is the most correct.

Hyperbole

HYPER'BOLE, n. hyper'boly. [French hyperbole; Greek, excess, from, to throw beyond, to exceed.]

In rhetoric, a figure of speech which expresses much more or less than the truth, or which represents things much greater or less, better or worse than they really are. An object uncommon in size, either great or small, strikes us with surprise, and this emotion produces a momentary conviction that the object is greater or less than it is in reality. The same effect attends figurative grandeur or littleness; and hence the use of the hyperbole, which expresses this momentary conviction. The following are instances of the use of this figure.

He was owner of a piece of ground not larger than a Lacedemonian letter.

Longinus.

If a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered. Genesis 13.

Ipse arduus, alta que pulsat

Sidera.

Virgil.

He was so gaunt, the case of a flagellet was a mansion for him.

Shak.

Hyperbolic

HYPERBOL'IC, or HYPERBOL'ICAL, noun Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. Relating to or containing hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as a hyperbolical expression.

Hyperbolic space, in geometry, the space or content comprehended between the curve of a hyperbole and the whole ordinate.

Bailey.

Hyperbolically

HYPERBOL'ICALLY, adverb In the form of a hyperbola.

2. With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth.

ScyllaÃ‚--is hyperbolically described by Homer as inaccessible.

Broome.

Hyperboliform

HYPERBOL'IFORM, adjective [hyperbola and form.]

Having the form, or nearly the form of a hyperbola.

Johnson.

Hyperbolist

HYPER'BOLIST, noun One who uses hyperboles.

Hyperbolize

HYPER'BOLIZE, verb intransitive To speak or write with exaggeration.

Mountagu.

Hyperbolize

HYPER'BOLIZE, verb transitive To exaggerate or extenuate.

Fotherby.

Hyperboloid

HYPER'BOLOID, noun [hyperbola, and Greek, form.]

A hyperbolic conoid; a solid formed by the revolution of a hyperbola about its axis.

Ed. Encyc.

Hyperborean

HYPERBO'REAN, adjective [Latin hyperboreus; Greek; beyond, and, the north.]

1. Northern; belonging to or inhabiting a region very far north; most northern.

2. Very cold; frigid.

Hyperborean

HYPERBO'REAN, noun An inhabitant of the most northern region of the earth. The ancients gave this denomination to the people and places to the northward of the Scythians, people and regions of which they had little or no knowledge. The Hyperboreans then are the Laplanders, the Samoiedes, and the Russians near the White Sea.

Hypercarbureted

HYPERC`ARBURETED, adjective Supercarbureted; having the largest proportion of carbon.

Silliman.

Hypercatalec;Tic

HYPERCATALEC;TIC, adjective [Greek; and, termination.]

A hypercatalectic verse, in Greek and Latin poetry, is a verse which has a syllable or two beyond the regular and just measure.

Bailey. Encyc.

Hypercritic

HYPERCRIT'IC, noun [French hypercritique; Greek, beyond, and, critical. See Critic.]

One who is critical beyond measure or reason; an over rigid critic; a captious censor.

Dryden.

Hypercritic

HYPERCRIT'IC, or HYPERCRIT;ICAL, adjective Over critical; critical beyond use or reason; animadverting on faults with unjust severity; as a hypercritical reader.

Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact; as a hypercritical puncnlio.

Evelyn.

Hypercriticism

HYPERCRIT'ICISM, noun Excessive rigor of criticism.

Med. Repos. Bailey.

Hyperdulia

HYPERDU'LIA, noun [Greek, beyond, and, service.]

Super-service in the Romish church, performed to the virgin Mary.

Usher.

Hypericon

HYPER'ICON, noun John's wort.

Stukely.

Hypermeter

HYPER'METER, noun [Greek, beyond, and, measure.]

Any thing greater than the ordinary standard of measure.

Addison.

A verse is called a hypermeter, when it contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure. When this is the case, the following line begins with a vowel, and the redundant syllable of the former line blends with the first of the following, and they are read as one syllable.

Hypermetrical

HYPERMET'RICAL, adjective Exceeding the common measure; having a redundant syllable.

Rambler.

Hyperooxyd

HYPEROOX'YD, adjective [Greek and oxyd.] Acute to excess, as a crystal.

Cleaveland.

Hyperoxygenated

HYPEROX'YGENATED, or HYPEROX'YGENIZED, adjective [Greek, beyond, and oxygenated, or oxygenized.]

Super-saturated with oxygen.

Darwin. Med. Repos.

Hyperoxymuriate

HYPEROXYMU'RIATE, noun The same as chlorate.

Hyperoxymuriatic

HYPEROXYMURIAT'IC, adjective The hyperoxymuriatic acid is the chloric acid.

Hyperphysical

HYPERPHYS'ICAL, adjective Supernatural.

Hyperstene

HY'PERSTENE, or HY'PERSTHENE, noun A mineral, Labrador hornblend, or schillerspar. Its color is between grayish and greenish black, but nearly copper-red on the cleavage. So named from its difficult frangibility. [Greek and.]

Jameson. Kirwan. Phillips.

Hyphen

HY'PHEN, noun [Greek, under one, or to one.]

A mark or short line made between two words to show that they form a compound word, or are to be connected; as in preoccupied; five-leafed; ink-stand. In writing and printing, the hyphen is used to connect the syllables of a divided word, and is placed after the syllable that closes a line, denoting the connection of that syllable or part of a word with the first syllable of the next line.

Hypnotic

HYPNOT'IC, adjective [Greek, sleep.] Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; narcotic; soporific.

Brown.

Hypnotic

HYPNOT'IC, noun A medicine that produces, or tends to produce sleep; an opiate; a narcotic; a soporific.

Hypo

HYPO, a Greek preposition, under, beneath; used in composition. Thus, hyposulphuric acid is an acid containing less oxygen than sulphuric acid.

Hypobole

HYPOB'OLE, n. hypob'oly. [Greek, under, and, to cast.]

In rhetoric, a figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument or in favor of the opposite side, and each of them is refuted in order.

Encyc.

Hypocaust

HYP'OCAUST, noun [Greek; and, to burn.]

1. Among the Greeks and Romans, a subterraneous place where was a furnace to heat baths.

3. Among the moderns, the place where a fire is kept to warm a stove or a hot-house.

Encyc.

Hypochondres

HYPOCHON'DRES, or HYPOCHON'DRY, [See Hypochondria.]

Hypochondria

HYPOCHON'DRIA, n. plu. [Greek from and, a cartilage.]

1. In anatomy, the sides of the belly under the cartilages of the spurious ribs; the spaces on each side of the epigastric region.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. Hypochondriac complaints.

Tatler.

Hypochondriac

HYPOCHON'DRIAC, adjective Pertaining to the hypochondria, or the parts of the body so called; as the hypochondriac region.

2. Affected by a disease, attended with debility, depression of spirits or melancholy.

3. Producing melancholy, or low spirits.

Hypochondriac

HYPOCHON'DRIAC, noun A person affected with debility, lowness of spirits or melancholy.

Hypochondriacal

HYPOCHONDRI'ACAL, adjective The same as hypochondriac.

Hypochondriacism

HYPOCHONDRI'ACISM, noun A disease of men, characterized by languor or debility, depression of spirits or melancholy, with dyspepsy.

Darwin.

Hypochondriasis

HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS, noun Hypochondriacism.

Hypocist

HYP'OCIST, noun [Greek, sub cisto, under the cistus.]

An inspissated juice obtained from the sessile asarum [Cytinus hypocistis,] resembling the true Egyptian acacia. The juice is expressed from the unripe fruit and evaporated to the consistence of an extract, formed into cakes and dried in the sun. It is an astringent, useful in diarrheas and hemorrhages.

Encyc.

Hypocrateriform

HYPOCRATER'IFORM, adjective [Greek, under, a cup, and form.]

Salver-shaped; tubular, but suddenly expanding into a flat border at top; applied to a monopetalous corol.

Bigelow.

Hypocrisy

HYPOC'RISY, noun [French hypocrisie; Latin hypocrisis; Greek, simulation; to feign; and, to separate, discern or judge.]

1. Simulation; a feigning to be what one is not; or dissimulation, a concealment of one's real character or motives. More generally, hypocrisy is simulation, or the assuming of a false appearance of virtue or religion; a deceitful show of a good character, in morals or religion; a counterfeiting of religion.

Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. Luke 12.

2. Simulation; deceitful appearance; false pretence.

Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy.

Rambler.

Hypocrite

HYP'OCRITE, noun [French hypocrite; Greek.]

1. One who feigns to be what he is not; one who has the form of godliness without the power, or who assumes an appearance of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of true religion.

And the hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job 8.

2. A dissembler; one who assumes a false appearance.

Fair hypocrite, you seek to cheat in vain.

Dryden.

Hypocritic

HYPOCRIT'IC, or HYPOCRIT'ICAL, adjective Simulating; counterfeiting a religious character; assuming a false and deceitful appearance; applied to persons.

2. Dissembling; concealing one's real character or motives.

3. Proceeding from hypocrisy, or marking hypocrisy; as a hypocritical face or look.

Hypocritically

HYPOCRIT'ICALLY, adverb With simulation; with a false appearance of what is good; falsely; without sincerity.

Hypogastric

HYPOGAS'TRIC, adjective [Greek, under, and, the belly.]

1. Relating to the hypogastrium, or middle part of the lower region of the belly.

2. An appellation given to the internal branch of the iliac artery.

Encyc.

Hypogastrocele

HYPOGAS'TROCELE, noun [Greek, and, a tumor.]

A hernia or rupture of the lower belly.

Coxe.

Hypogeum

HYPOGE'UM, noun [Greek, under, and or, the earth.]

A name given by ancient architects to all the parts of a building which were under ground, as the cellar, &c.

Encyc.

Hypogynous

HYPOG'YNOUS, noun [Greek, under, and, a female.]

A term applied to plants that have their corols and stamens inserted under the pistil.

Lunier.

Hypophosphorous

HYPOPHOS'PHOROUS, noun [Greek and phosphorus.]

The hypophosphorous acid contains less oxygen than the phosphorous, and is obtained from the phosphuret of baryte. It is a liquid which may be concentrated by evaporation, till it becomes viscid. It has a very sour taste, reddens vegetable blues, and does not crystalize.

Ure.

Hyposphosphite

HYPOSPHOS'PHITE, noun A compound of hypophosphorous acid and a salifiable base.

Ure.

Hypostasis

HYPOS'TASIS, or HYPOS'TASY, noun [Latin hypostasis; French hypostase; Greek, from and, to stand.]

Properly, subsistence or substance. Hence it is used to denote distinct substance, or subsistence of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in the Godhead, called by the Greek christians, three hypostases. The Latins more generally used persona to express the sense of hypostasis, and this is the modern practice. We say, the Godhead consists of three persons.

Hypostatic

HYPOSTAT'IC, or HYPOSTAT'ICAL, adjective Relating to hypostasis; constitutive.

Let our Carneades warn men not to subscribe to the grand doctrine of the chimists, touching their three hypostatical principles, till they have a little examined it.

Boyle.

2. Personal, or distinctly personal; or constituting a distinct substance.

Pearson.

Hyposulphate

HYPOSUL'PHATE, noun A compound of hyposulphuric acid and a base.

Hyposulphite

HYPOSUL'PHITE, noun A compund of hyposulphurous acid and a salifiable base.

Hyposulphuric

HYPOSUL'PHURIC, adjective Hyposulphuric acid, is an acid combination of sulphur and oxygen, intermediate between sulphurous and sulphuric acid.

Ure.

Hyposulphurous

HYPOSUL'PHUROUS, adjective Hyposulphurous acid is an acid containing less oxygen than sulphurous acid. This acid is known only in combination with salifiable bases.

Ure. Henry.

Hypotenuse

HYPOT'ENUSE, noun [Greek, part. of, to subtend.]

In geometry, the subtense or longest side of a right-angled triangle, or the line that subtends the right angle.

Encyc.

Hypothecate

HYPOTH'ECATE, verb transitive [Latin hypotheca, a pledge; Greek, from, to put under, to suppose.]

1. To pledge, and properly to pledge the keel of a ship, that is, the ship itself, as security for the repayment of money borrowed to carry on a voyage. In this case the lender hazards the loss of his money by the loss of the ship; but if the ship returns safe, he receives his principal, with the premium or interest agreed on, though it may exceed the legal rate of interest.

Blackstone. Park.

2. To pledge, as goods.

Park.

Hypothecated

HYPOTH'ECATED, participle passive Pledged, as security for money borrowed.

Hypothecating

HYPOTH'ECATING, participle of the present tense Pledging as security.

Hypothecation

HYPOTHECA'TION, noun The act of pledging, as a ship or goods, for the repayment of money borrowed to carry on a voyage; otherwise called bottomry.

Hypothecator

HYPOTH'ECATOR, noun One who pledges a ship or other property, as security for the repayment of money borrowed.

Judge Johnson.

Hypothesis

HYPOTH'ESIS, noun [Latin from Greek, a supposition; to suppose; and.]

1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument.

Encyc.

2. A system or theory imagined or assumed to account for what is not understood.

Encyc.

Hypothetic

HYPOTHET'IC, or HYPOTHET'ICAL, adjective Including a supposition; conditional; assumed without proof for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof.

Watts.

Hypothetically

HYPOTHET'ICALLY, adverb By way of supposition; conditionally.

Hyrse

HYRSE, n. hirs. [German hirse.] Millet.

Hyrst

HYRST, noun A wood. [See Hurst.]

Hyson

HY'SON, noun A species of green tea from China.

Hysop

HY'SOP, or HYSSOP, n. hy'sop. [Latin hyssopus; Greek. It would be well to write this word hysop.]

A plant, or genus of plants, one species of which is cultivated for use. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm pungent taste. Hyssop was much used by the Jews in purifications.

Encyc.

Hysteric

HYSTER'IC, or HYSTER'ICAL, adjective [French hysterique; Greek, from, the womb.]

Disordered in the region of the womb; troubled with fits or nervous affections.

Hysterics

HYSTER'ICS, noun A disease of women, proceeding from the womb, and characterized by fits or spasmodic affections of the nervous system.

Encyc.

A spasmodic disease of the prima via, attended with the sensation of a ball rolling about the abdomen, stomach and throat.

Coxe.

Hysterocele

HYS'TEROCELE, noun [Greek, the womb, and, a tumor.]

A species of hernia, caused by a displacement of the womb.

Lunier.

A rupture containing the uterus.

Coxe.

Hysteron Proteron

HYS'TERON PROT'ERON, noun [Greek, last, and, first.]

A rhetorical figure, when that is said last which was done first.

Peacham.

Hysterotomy

HYSTEROT'OMY, noun [Greek, the uterus, and, a cutting.]

In surgery, the Cesarean section; the operation of cutting into the uterus for taking out a fetus, which cannot be excluded by the usual means.

Hythe

HYTHE, noun A port. [See Hithe.]

I

I

I is the ninth letter, and the third vowel of the English Alphabet. We receive it through the Latin and Greek from the Shemitic jod, je, or ye, in Greek, whence our English word jot. This vowel in French, and in most European languages, has the long fine sound which we express by e in me, or ee in seen, meek. This sound we retain in some foreign words which are naturalized in our language, as in machine, intrigue. But in most English words this long sound is shortened, as in holiness, pity, gift; in which words the sound of i coincides with that of y in hypocrite, cycle, and at the end of words, in unaccented syllables, as in holy, glory. It is this short sound of the French and Italian i, which we hear in the pronunciation of been, which we pronounce bin. After l, this letter has sometimes the liquid sound of y, as in million, pronounced milyon. This sound corresponds with that of the Hebrews, as in Joseph, which in Syria is pronounced Yoseph, and with the sound of the German j, as in ja, jahr, that is, ya, yahr.

The sound of i long, as in fine, kind, arise, is diphthongal; it begins with a sound approaching that of broad a, but it is not exactly the same, as the organs are not opened to the same extent, and therefore the sound begins a little above that of aw. The sound, if continued, closes with one that nearly approaches to that of e long. This sound can be learned only by the ear.

This letter enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign, vein, friend; and with o in oil, join, coin, it helps to form a proper diphthong.

No English word ends with i, but when the sound of the letter occurs at the end of a word, it is expressed by y.

As a numeral I signifies one, and stands for as many units as it is repeated in times, as II, two, III, three, &c. When it stands before V or X, it subtracts itself, and the numerals denote one less than the V or the X. Thus IV expresses four, one less than V, five; IX stands for nine, one less than X, ten. But when it is placed after V or X, it denotes the addition of an unit, or as many units as the letter is repeated in times. Thus VI is five and one, or six, and XI is ten and one, or eleven; VIII stands for five and three, or eight, &c.

Among the ancient Romans, I? stood for 500; ?, for 1000; ?, for 5000; ?, for 10,000; ?, for 50,000; and ?, for 100,000.

I, formerly prefixed to some English words, as in ibuilt, is a contraction of the Saxon prefix ge; and more generally this was written y.]

I, pron. [Saxon ic; Gothic Dutch ik; German ich; Swedish jag; Danish jeg; Greek; Latin ego; Portugese eu; Spanish yo; Italian io; French je; Sanscrit agam. In Armoric me is the nominative; so Welsh mi, French moi, Hindoo, me. Either ego is contracted from mego, or I and me are from different roots. It is certain that me is contracted from meg or mig. See Me.]

The pronoun of the first person; the word which expresses one's self, or that by which a speaker or writer denotes himself. It is only the nominative case of the pronoun; in the other cases we use me. I am attached to study; study delights me.

We often hear in popular language the phrase it is me, which is now considered to be ungrammatical, for it is I. But the phrase may have come down to us from the use of the Welsh mi, or from the French use of the phrase, c'est moi.

In the plural, we use we, and us, which appear to be words radically distinct from I.

Johnson observes that Shakspeare uses I for ay or yes. In this he is not followed, and the use is incorrect.

Iambic

IAM'BIC, noun [French iambique; Latin iambicus; Greek.]

Pertaining to the iambus, a poetic foot consisting of two syllables, a short one followed by a long one.

Iambic

IAM'BIC, or IAM'BUS, noun [Latin iambus; Greek.] In poetry, a foot consisting of two syllables, the first short and the last long, as in delight. The following line consists wholly of iambic feet.

He scorns the force that dares his fury stay.

Iambics

IAM'BICS, n. plu. Verses composed of short and long syllables alternately. Anciently, certain songs or satires, supposed to have given birth to ancient comedy.

Ibex

IBEX, noun [Latin] The wild goat of the genus Capra, which is said to be the stock of the tame goat. It has large knotty horns reclining on its back, is of a yellowish color, and its beard is black. It inhabits the Alps.

Encyc.

The AEgagrus, or wild goat of the mountains of Persia; appears to be the stock of the tame goat. The Ibex is a distinct species.

Cuvier.

Ibis

IBIS, noun [Greek and Latin] A fowl of the genus Tantalus, and grallic order, a native of Egypt. The bill is long, subulated, and somewhat crooked; the face naked, and the feet have four toes palmated at the base. This fowl was much valued by the Egyptians for destroying serpents. It is said by Bruce not now to inhabit Egypt, but to be found in Abyssinia.

Encyc.

The ibis of the Egyptians is a species of the genus Scolopax. It was anciently venerated either because it devoured serpents, or because the marking of its plumage resembled one of the phases of the moon, or because it appeared in Egypt with the rising of the Nile.

Cuvier.

The ibis is common in Egypt during the overflowing of the Nile.

Ed. Encyc.

Icarian

ICA'RIAN, adjective [from Icarus, the son of Daedalus, who fled on wings to escape the resentment of Minos, but his flight being too high was fatal to him, as the sun melted the wax that cemented his wings.]

Adventurous in flight; soaring too high for safety, like Icarus.

Ice

ICE, noun [Saxon is, isa; German eis; Dutch ys; Danish iis; Swedish Icelandic is; Irish cuise. The true orthography would be ise. The primary sense is doubtless to set, to fix, to congeal or harden. It may be allied to the German eisen, iron; perhaps also to Latin os, a bone.]

1. Water or other fluid congealed, or in a solid state; a solid, transparent, brittle substance, formed by the congelation of a fluid, by means of the abstraction of the heat necessary to preserve its fluidity, or to use common language, congealed by cold.

2. Concreted sugar.

To break the ice, is to make the first opening to any attempt; to remove the first obstructions or difficulties; to open the way.

Shak.

Ice

ICE, verb transitive To cover with ice; to convert into ice.

Fletcher.

2. To cover with concreted sugar; to frost.

Puller.

3. To chill; to freeze.

Iceberg

ICEBERG, noun [ice and German berg, a hill.] A hill or mountain of ice, or a vast body of ice accumulated in valleys in high northern latitudes.

This term is applied to such elevated masses as exist in the valleys of the frigid zones; to those which are found on the surface of fixed ice; and to ice of great thickness and highth in a floating state. These lofty floating masses are sometimes detached from the icebergs on shore, and sometimes formed at a distance from any land. They are found in both the frigid zones, and are sometimes carried towards the equator as low as 40.

Ed. Encyc.

Iceblink

ICEBLINK, noun A name given by seamen to a bright appearance near the horizon, occasioned by the ice, and observed before the ice itself is seen.

Encyc.

Iceboat

ICEBOAT, noun A boat constructed for moving on ice.

Icebound

ICEBOUND, adjective In seaman's language, totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing.

Mar. Dict.

Icebuilt

ICEBUILT, adjective Composed of ice.

2. Loaded with ice.

Gray.

Icehouse

ICEHOUSE, noun [ice and house.] A repository for the preservation of ice during warm weather; a pit with a drain for conveying off the water of the ice when dissolved, and usually covered with a roof.

Iceisle

ICEISLE, n. iceile. [ice and isle.] A vast body of floating ice, such as is often seen in the Atlantic, off the banks of Newfoundland.

J. Barlow.

When flat and extending beyond the reach of sight, it is called field ice; when smaller, but of very large dimensions, it is called a floe; when lofty, an iceberg. There are numerous other terms for the different appearances of floating ice.

Ed. Encyc.

Icelander

ICELANDER, noun A native of Iceland.

Icelandic

ICELAND'IC, adjective Pertaining to Iceland; and as a noun, the language of the Icelanders.

Iceland spar, calcarious spar, in laminated masses, easily divisible into rhombs, perfectly similar to the primitive rhomb.

Cleaveland.

Iceplant

ICEPLANT, noun A plant of the genus Mesembryanthemum, sprinkled with pellucid, glittering, icy pimples.

Encyc.

Icespar

ICESPAR, noun A variety of feldspar, the crystals of which resemble ice.

Jameson.

Ichneumon

ICHNEU'MON, noun [Latin from the Greek, from, to follow the steps, a footstep; a follower of the crocodile.]

An animal of the genus Viverra, or weasel kind. It has a tail tapering to a point, and its toes are distant from each other. It inhabits Egypt, Barbary and India. It destroys the most venomous serpents, and seeks the eggs of the crocodile, digging them out of the sand, eating them and destroying the young. In India and Egypt, this animal is domesticated and kept for destroying rats and mice.

Encyc.

Ichneumon-fly, a genus of flies, of the order of hymenopters, containing several hundred species. These animals have jaws, but no tongue; the antennae have more than thirty joints, and are kept in continual motion. The abdomen is generally petiolated, or joined to the body by a pedicle. These animals are great destroyers of caterpillars, plant-lice and other insects, as the ichneumon is of the eggs and young of the crocodile.

Encyc.

Ichnographic

ICHNOGRAPH'IC, or ICHNOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [See Ichnography.] Pertaining to ichnography; describing a groundplot.

Ichnography

ICHNOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a footstep, and, to describe.]

In perspective, the view of any thing cut off by a plane parallel to the horizon, just at the base of it; a ground-plot.

Encyc.

Ichor

I'CHOR, noun [Greek.] A thin watery humor, like serum or whey.

2. Sanious matter flowing from an ulcer.

Encyc.

Ichorous

I'CHOROUS, adjective Like ichor; thin; watery; serous.

2. Sanious.

Ichthyocol

ICH'THYOCOL, or ICHTHYOCOL'LA, noun [Greek, a fish, and, glue.]

Fish-glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of fish.

Tooke.

Ichthyolite

ICH'THYOLITE, noun [Greek, a fish, and, a stone.]

Fossil fish; or the figure or impression of a fish in rock.

Hitchcock.

Ichthyological

ICHTHYOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to ichthyology.

Ichthyologist

ICHTHYOL'OGIST, noun [See Ichthyology.] One versed in ichthyology.

Ichthyology

ICHTHYOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a fish, and, discourse.]

The science of fishes, or that part of zoology which treats of fishes, their structure, form and classification, their habits, uses, &c.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Ichythyophagous

ICHYTHYOPH'AGOUS, adjective [Greek, fish, and, to eat.] Eating or subsisting on fish.

D'Anville.

Ichthyophagy

ICHTHYOPH'AGY, noun [supra.] The practice of eating fish.

Ichthyophthalmite

ICHTHYOPHTHAL'MITE, noun [Greek, a fish, and, an eye.] Fish-eye-stone. [See Apophyllite.]

Icicle

I'CICLE, noun [Saxon ises-gecel, Dutch yskegel, icecone. Kegel is a cone or nine pin.]

A pendent conical mass of ice, formed by the freezing of water or other fluid as it flows down an inclined plane, or collects in drops and is suspended. In the north of England, it is called ickle.

Iciness

I'CINESS, noun The state of being icy, or of being very cold.

2. The state of generating ice.

Icing

I'CING, participle of the present tense Covering with concreted sugar.

Icon

I'CON, noun [Greek, an image, from, to resemble.]

An image or representation. [Not in use.]

Brown. Hakewill.

Iconoclast

ICON'OCLAST, noun [French iconoclaste; Greek, an image, and, a breaker, from, to break.]

A breaker or destroyer of images; a name which Catholics give to those who reject the use of images in religious worship.

Encyc.

Iconoclastic

ICONOCLAS'TIC, adjective Breaking images.

Iconography

ICONOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, an image, and, to describe.]

The description of images or ancient statues, busts, semi-busts, paintings in fresco, mosaic works, and ancient pieces of miniature.

Iconolater

ICONOL'ATER, noun [Greek, an image, and, a servant.]

One that worships images; a name given to the Romanists.

Iconology

ICONOL'OGY, noun [Greek, an image, and, a discourse.]

The doctrine of images or representations.

Johnson.

Icosahedral

ICOSAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, twenty, and, seat, basis.] Having twenty equal sides.

Icosahedron

ICOSAHE'DRON, noun [supra.] A solid of twenty equal sides.

In geometry, a regular solid, consisting of twenty triangular pyramids, whose vertices meet in the center of a sphere supposed to circumscribe it, and therefore have their highths and bases equal.

Encyc. Enfield.

Icosander

ICOSAN'DER, noun [Greek, twenty, and, a male.]

In botany, a plant having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

Linne.

NOTE. A writer on botany has suggested that as the proper character of plants of this class is the insertion of the stamens in the calyx, it might be expedient to denominate the class, Calycandria.

Journ. of Science.

Icosandrian

ICOSAN'DRIAN, noun Pertaining to the class of plants, Icosandria, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

Icteric

IC'TERIC, or ICTER'ICAL, adjective [Latin ictericus, from icterus, jaundice.] Affected with the jaundice.

2. Good in the cure of the jaundice.

Icteric

IC'TERIC, noun A remedy for the jaundice.

Swift.

Icteritious

ICTERI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin icterus, jaundice.] Yellow; having the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.

Icy

I'CY, adjective [from ice.] Abounding with ice; as the icy regions of the north.

2. Cold; frosty; as icy chains.

Shak.

3. Made of ice.

4. Resembling ice; chilling.

Religion lays not an icy hand on the true joys of life.

Buckminster.

5. Cold; frigid; destitute of affection or passion.

Shak.

6. Indifferent; unaffected; backward.

Shak.

Icy-Pearled

I'CY-PEARLED, adjective Studded with spangles of ice.

Milton.

I'd, contracted from I would. or I had.

Idea

IDE'A, noun [Latin idea; French idÃƒ-©e; Greek, from, to see, Latin video.]

1. Literally, that which is seen; hence, form, image, model of any thing in the mind; that which is held or comprehended by the understanding or intellectual faculties.

I have used the word idea, to express whatever is meant by phantasm, notion, species, or whatever it is which the mind can be employed about in thinking.

Locke.

Whatever the mind perceives in itself, or is the immediate object of perception, thought or understanding, that I call an idea.

Locke.

The attention of the understanding to the objects acting on it, by which it becomes sensible of the impressions they make, is called by logicians, perception, and the notices themselves as they exist in the mind, as the materials of thinking and knowledge, are distinguished by the name of ideas.

Encyc. art. Logic.

An idea is the reflex perception of objects, after the original perception or impression has been felt by the mind.

Encyc.

In popular language, idea signifies the same thing as conception, apprehension, notion. To have an idea of anything is to conceive it. In philosophical use, it does not signify that act of the mind which we call thought or conception, but some object of thought.

Reid.

According to modern writers on mental philosophy, an idea is the object of thought, or the notice which the mind takes of its perceptions.

Darwin uses idea for a notion of external things which our organs bring us acquainted with originally, and he defines it, a contraction, motion or configuration of the fibers which constitute the immediate organ of sense; synonymous with which he sometimes uses sensual motion, in contradistinction to muscular motion.

Zoon.

2. In popular use, idea signifies notion, conception, thought, opinion, and even purpose or intention.

3. Image in the mind.

Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts.

Fairfax.

[A bad use of the word.]

4. An opinion; a proposition. These decisions are incompatible with the idea, that the principles are derived from the civil law.

Ideal

IDE'AL, adjective Existing in idea; intellectual; mental; as ideal knowledge.

There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence.

Rambler.

2. Visionary; existing in fancy or imagination only; as ideal good.

3. That considers ideas as images, phantasms, or forms in the mind; as the ideal theory or philosophy.

Idealism

IDE'ALISM, noun The system or theory that makes every thing to consist in ideas, and denies the existence of material bodies.

Walsh.

Idealize

IDE'ALIZE, verb intransitive To form ideas.

Ideally

IDE'ALLY, adverb Intellectually; mentally; in idea.

Brown.

Ideate

IDE'ATE, verb transitive To form in idea; to fancy.

[Not in use.]

Donne.

Identic

IDEN'TIC, or IDEN'TICAL, adjective [French identique; Spanish identico; from Latin idem, the same.]

The same; not different; as the identical person; the identical proposition. We found on the thief the identical goods that were lost.

Identification

IDENTIFICA'TION, noun The act of making or proving to be the same.

Identified

IDEN'TIFIED, participle passive Ascertained or made to be the same.

Identify

IDEN'TIFY, verb transitive [Latin idem, the same, and facio, to make.]

1. To ascertain or prove to be the same. The owner of the goods found them in the possession of the thief, and identified them.

2. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one interest, purpose or intention; to treat as having the same use; to consider as the same in effect.

Paul has identified the two ordinances, circumcision and baptism, and thus, by demonstrating that they have one and the same use and meaning, he has exhibited to our view the very same seal of God's covenant.

J.M. Mason.

That treaty in fact identified Spain with the republican government of France, by a virtual acknowledgement of unqualified vassalage, and by specific stipulations of unconditional defense.

British Declaration, Jan. 1805.

Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people, and of the rulers.

Ramsay.

Identify

IDEN'TIFY, verb intransitive To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, &c.

Ã‚--An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public.

Burke.

Identifying

IDEN'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Ascertaining or proving to be the same.

2. Making the same in interest, purpose, use, efficacy, &c.

Identity

IDEN'TITY, noun [French identitÃƒ-©.] Sameness, as distinguished from similitude and diversity. We speak of the identity of goods found, the identity of persons, or of personal identity.

Locke. South.

Ides

IDES, n. plu. [Latin idus. Qu. the Hetrurian iduo, to divide, the root of wide, divide, individual. The etymology is not ascertained.]

In the ancient Roman calendar, eight days in each month; the first day of which fell on the 13th of January, February, April, June, August, September, November and December, and on the 15th of March, May, July and October. The ides came between the calends and the nones, and were reckoned backwards. This method of reckoning is still retained in the chancery of Rome, and in the calendar of the breviary.

Encyc.

Idiocrasy

IDIOC'RASY, noun [Greek, proper, peculiar to one's self, and, mixture, temperament, from, to mix.]

Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person.

Idiocratic

IDIOCRAT'IC, or IDIOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Peculiar in constitution.

Idiocy

ID'IOCY, noun [Greek, See Idiot.] A defect of understanding; properly, a natural defect.

Idiocy and lunacy excuse from the guilt of crime.

Encyc.

Idioelectric

IDIOELEC'TRIC, adjective [Greek, separate from others, peculiar to one's self, and electric.]

Electric per se, or containing electricity in its natural state.

Gregory.

Idiom

ID'IOM, noun [French idiome; Latin idioma, from Greek, from, proper, or peculiar to one's self. The root of is that of divide, Hetrurian iduo, widow, wide, Arabic

badda, to separate. Class. Bd. No. 1.]

1. A mode of expression peculiar to a language; peculiarity of expression or phraseology. In this sense, it is used in the plural to denote forms of speech or phraseology, peculiar to a nation or language.

And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech.

Prior.

2. The genius or peculiar east of a language.

He followed the Latin language, but did not comply with the idiom of ours.

Dryden.

3. Dialect.

Idiomatic

IDIOMAT'IC, or IDIOMAT'ICAL, adjective Peculiar to a language; pertaining to the particular genius or modes of expression which belong to a language; as an idiomatic phrase.

Idiomatically

IDIOMAT'ICALLY, adverb According to the idiom of a language.

Idiopathic

IDIOPATH'IC, adjective [See Idiopathy.] Pertaining to idiopathy; indicating a disease peculiar to a particular part of the body, and not arising from any preceding disease; as idiopathic head-ach. The epilepsy is idiopathic, when it proceeds from some fault in the brain; but sympathetic, when it is the consequence of some other disorder.

Darwin. Encyc.

The term idiopathic is also applied to general as well as local disease, as idiopathic fever. It then signifies, not sympathetic or symptomatic, not arising from any previous disease.

Good.

Idiopathically

IDIOPATH'ICALLY, adverb By means of its own disease or affections; not sympathetically.

Idiopathy

IDIOP'ATHY, noun [Greek, proper, peculiar, and, suffering, disease, from, to suffer.]

1. An original disease in a particular part of the body; a disease peculiar to some part of the body and not proceeding from another disease.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. Peculiar affection.

More.

Idio-Repulsive

IDIO-REPUL'SIVE, adjective Repulsive by itself; as the idio-repulsive power of heat.

Idiosyncrasy

IDIOSYN'CRASY, noun [Greek, proper, with, and, temperament.]

A peculiar temperament or organization of a body, by which it is rendered more liable to certain disorders than bodies differently constituted.

Coxe. Encyc.

Idiot

ID'IOT, noun [Latin idiota; Greek, private, vulgar, unskilled, from, peculiar, that is, separate, simple; Spanish Italian idiota; French idiot. See Idiom.]

1. A natural fool, or fool from his birth; a human being in form, but destitute of reason, or the ordinary intellectual powers of man.

A person who has understanding enough to measure a yard of cloth, number twenty correctly, tell the days of the week, &c. is not an idiot in the eye of the law.

Encyc.

2. A foolish person; one unwise.

Idiotic

IDIOT'IC, adjective Like an idiot; foolish; sottish.

Idiotish

ID'IOTISH, adjective Like an idiot; partaking of idiocy; foolish.

Paley.

Idiotism

ID'IOTISM, noun [French idiotisme; Italian Spanish idiotismo; Greek, a form of speech taken from the vulgar, from.]

1. An idiom; a peculiarity of expression; a mode of expression peculiar to a language; a peculiarity in the structure of words and phrases.

Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms suitable to their native language, to words newly invented.

Hale.

2. Idiocy.

Beddoes, Hygeia.

But it would be well to restrain this word to its proper signification, and keep idiocy and idiotism distinct.

Idiotize

ID'IOTIZE, verb intransitive To become stupid.

Pers. Letters.

Idle

I'DLE, adjective [Saxon idel, ydel, vain, empty; German eitel, mere, pure, idle, frivolous; Dutch ydel, vain, empty, idle; Danish Swedish idel; mere, pure, unmixed. Class Dl. No. 6. 16. 25. 29.]

1. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing.

Why stand ye here all the day idle? Matthew 20.

To be idle, is to be vicious.

Rambler.

2. Slothful; given to rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; as an idle man; an idle fellow.

3. Affording leisure; vacant; not occupied; as idle time; idle hours.

4. Remaining unused; unemployed; applied to things; as, my sword or spear is idle.

5. Useless; vain; ineffectual; as idle rage.

Down their idle weapons dropped.

Milton.

6. Unfruitful; barren; not productive of good.

Of antres vast and idle desarts.

Shak.

Idle weeds. Obs.

Shak.

7. Trifling; vain; of no importance; as an idle story; an idle reason; idle arguments.

Hooker. Dryden. Swift.

8. Unprofitable; not tending to edification.

Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give an account thereof in the day of judgment. Matthew 12.

Idle differs from lazy; the latter implying constitutional or habitual aversion or indisposition to labor or action, sluggishness; whereas idle, in its proper sense, denotes merely unemployed. An industrious man may be idle, but he cannot be lazy.

Idle

I'DLE, verb intransitive To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business.

To idle away, in a transitive sense, to spend in idleness; as, to idle away time.

Idleheaded

I'DLEHEADED, adjective [idle and head.] Foolish; unreasonable.

Carew.

2. Delirious; infatuated. [Little used.]

L'Estrange.

Idleness

I'DLENESS, noun Abstinence from labor or employment; the state of a person who is unemployed in labor, or unoccupied in business; the state of doing nothing. Idleness is the parent of vice.

Through the idleness of the hands the house droppeth through. Ecclesiastes 10.

2. Aversion to labor; reluctance to be employed, or to exertion either of body or mind; laziness; sloth; sluggishness. This is properly laziness; but idleness is often the effect of laziness, and sometimes this word may be used for it.

3. Unimportance; trivialness.

Apes of idleness.

Shak.

4. Inefficacy; uselessness. [Little used.]

5. Barrenness; worthlessness. [Little used.]

6. Emptiness; foolishness; infatuation; as idleness of brain. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Idlepated

I'DLEPATED, adjective Idleheaded; stupid.

Overbury.

Idler

I'DLER, noun One who does nothing; one who spends his time in inaction, or without being engaged in business.

2. A lazy person; a sluggard.

Raleigh.

Idlesby

I'DLESBY, noun An idle or lazy person.

[Not used.]

Whitlock.

Idly

I'DLY, adverb In an idle manner; without employment.

2. Lazily; sluggishly.

3. Foolishly; uselessly; in a trifling way.

A shilling spent idly by a fool, may be saved by a wiser person.

Franklin.

4. Carelessly; without attention.

Prior.

5. Vainly; ineffectually; as, to reason idly against truth.

Idocrase

ID'OCRASE, noun [Greek, form, and, mixture; a mixed figure.]

A mineral, the vesuvian of Werner, sometimes massive, and very often in shinning prismatic crystals. Its primitive form is a four-sided prism with square bases. It is found near Vesuvius, in unaltered rocks ejected by the volcano; also in primitive rocks, in various other localities.

Cleaveland.

Idol

I'DOL, noun [French idole; Italian Spanish idolo; Latin idolum; Greek, from, form, or, to see.]

1. An image, form or representation, usually of a man or other animal, consecrated as an object of worship; a pagan deity. Idols are usually statues or images, carved out of wood or stone, or formed of metals, particularly silver or gold.

The gods of the nations are idols. Psalm 96.

2. An image.

Nor ever idol seemed so much alive.

Dryden.

3. A person loved and honored to adoration. The prince was the idol of the people.

4. Any thing on which we set our affections; that to which we indulge an excessive and sinful attachment.

Little children, keep yourselves from idols.

1 John 5.

An idol is any thing which usurps the place of God in the hearts of his rational creatures.

S. Miller.

5. A representation. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Idolater

IDOL'ATER, noun [French idolatre; Latin idololatra; Greek, See Idolatry.]

1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of any thing made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.

2. An adorer; a great admirer.

Hurd.

Idolatress

IDOL'ATRESS, noun A female worshiper of idols.

Idolatrize

IDOL'ATRIZE, verb intransitive To worship idols.

Idolatrize

IDOL'ATRIZE, verb transitive To adore; to worship.

Ainsworth.

Idolatrous

IDOL'ATROUS, adjective Pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods; consisting in the worship of idols; as idolatrous worship.

2. Consisting in or partaking of an excessive attachment or reverence; as an idolatrous veneration for antiquity.

Idolatrously

IDOL'ATROUSLY, adverb In an idolatrous manner; with excessive reverence.

Hooker.

Idolatry

IDOL'ATRY, noun [French idolatrie; Latin idololatria; Greek; idol, and, to worship or serve.]

1. The worship of idols, images, or anything made by hands, or which is not God.

Idolatry is of two kinds; the worship of images, statues, pictures, &c. made by hands; and the worship of the heavenly bodies, the sun, moon and stars, or of demons, angels, men and animals.

Encyc.

2. Excessive attachment or veneration for any thing, or that which borders on adoration.

Idolish

I'DOLISH, adjective Idolatrous.

Milton.

Idolism

I'DOLISM, noun The worship of idols. [Little used.]

Idolist

I'DOLIST, noun A worshiper of images; a poetical word.

Milton.

Idolize

I'DOLIZE, verb transitive To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold or wealth; to idolize children; to idolize a virtuous magistrate or a hero.

Idolized

I'DOLIZED, participle passive Loved or reverenced to adoration.

Idolizer

I'DOLIZER, noun One who idolizes, or loves to reverence.

Idolizing

I'DOLIZING, participle of the present tense Loving or revering to an excess bordering on adoration.

Idoneous

IDO'NEOUS, adjective [Latin idoneus; probably from the root of Greek, to be strong, able or sufficient.]

Fit; suitable; proper; convenient; adequate. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Idyl

IDYL, noun [Latin idyllium; Greek; supposed to be from, form.]

A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as the idyls of Theocritus.

I. e. stands for Latin id est, that is.

Ieland

I'ELAND, n. i'land. [German and Dutch eiland; Saxon ealond, iegland; composed of ie, ea, water, French eau, contracted from Latin aqua, and land. This is the genuine English word, always used in discourse, but for which is used island, an absurd compound of French isle and land, which signifies land in water-land, or rather ieland-land.]

1. A portion of land surrounded by water; as Bermuda, Barbadoes, Cuba, Great Britain, Borneo.

2. A large mass of floating ice.

If

IF, verb transitive imperative, contracted from Saxon gif, from gifan, Gothic giban, to give. It is used as the sign of a condition, or it introduces a conditional sentence. It is a verb, without a specified nominative. In like manner we use grant, admit, suppose. Regularly, if should be followed, as it was formerly, by the substitute or pronoun that, referring to the succeeding sentence or proposition. If that John shall arrive in season, I will send him with a message. But that is now omitted, and the subsequent sentence, proposition or affirmation may be considered as the object of the verb. Give John shall arrive; grant, suppose, admit that he shall arrive, I will send him with a message. The sense of if, or give, in this use, is grant, admit, cause to be, let the fact be, let the thing take place. If then is equivalent to grant, allow, admit. "If thou wilt, thou canst make me whole," that is, thou canst make me whole, give the fact, that thou wilt.

If thou art the son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matthew 14.

2. Whether or not.

Uncertain if by augury or chance.

Dryden.

So in French, soit que, let it be that.

Igneous

IG'NEOUS, adjective [Latin igneus, from ignis, fire, Sanscrit aghni, Bengal. aag, ogin, Slav. ogn.]

1. Consisting of fire; as igneous particles emitted from burning wood.

2. Containing fire; having the nature of fire.

3. Resembling fire; as an igneous appearance.

Ignescent

IGNES'CENT, adjective [Latin ignescens, ignesco, from ignis, fire.]

Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as ignescent stones.

Fourcroy.

Ignescent

IGNES'CENT, noun A stone or mineral that gives out sparks when struck with steel or iron.

Many other stones, besides this class of ignescents, produce a real scintillation when struck against steel.

Fourcroy.

Ignify

IG'NIFY, verb transitive [Latin ignis and facio.] To form into fire.

Stukely.

Ignifluous

IGNIF'LUOUS, adjective [Latin ignifluus.] Flowing with fire.

Cockeran.

Ignipotent

IGNIP'OTENT, adjective [Latin ignis, fire, and potens, powerful.]

Presiding over fire. Vulcan is called the power ignipotent.

Pope.

Ignis Fatuus

IGNIS FATUUS, noun [Latin] A meteor or light that appears in the night, over marshy grounds, supposed to be occasioned by phosphoric matter extricated from putrefying animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; vulgarly called Will with the wisp, and Jack with a lantern.

Ed. Encyc.

Ignite

IGNI'TE, verb transitive [Latin ignis, fire.] To kindle, or set on fire.

2. More generally, to communicate fire to, or to render luminous or red by heat; as, to ignite charcoal or iron. Anthracite is ignited with more difficulty than bituminous coal.

Ignite

IGNI'TE, verb intransitive To take fire; to become red with heat.

Ignited

IGNI'TED, participle passive Set on fire.

2. Rendered red or luminous by heat or fire.

Igniting

IGNI'TING, participle of the present tense Setting on fire; becoming red with heat.

2. Communicating fire to; heating to redness.

Ignition

IGNI'TION, noun The act of kindling, or setting on fire.

2. The act or operation of communicating fire or heat, till the substance becomes red or luminous.

3. The state of being kindled; more generally, the state of being heated to redness or luminousness.

4. Calcination.

Ignitible

IGNI'TIBLE, adjective Capable of being ignited.

Ignivomous

IGNIV'OMOUS, adjective [Latin ignivomus; ignis, fire, and vomo, to vomit.]

Vomiting fire; as an ignivomous mountain, a volcano.

Derham.

Ignoble

IGNO'BLE, adjective [French from Latin ignobilis; in and nobilis. See Noble.]

1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious.

2. Mean; worthless; as an ignoble plant.

3. Base; not honorable; as an ignoble motive.

Ignobility

IGNOBIL'ITY, noun Ignobleness. [Not in use.

Ball.

Ignobleness

IGNO'BLENESS, noun Want of dignity; meanness.

Ainsworth.

Ignobly

IGNO'BLY, adverb Of low family or birth; as ignobly born.

2. Meanly; dishonorably; reproachfully; disgracefully; basely. The troops ignobly fly.

Ignominious

IGNOMIN'IOUS, adjective [Latin ignominiosus. See Ignominy.]

1. Incurring disgrace; cowardly; of mean character.

Then with pale fear surprised, Fled ignominious.

Milton.

2. Very shameful; reproachful; dishonorable; infamous. To be hanged for a crime is ignominious. Whipping, cropping and branding are ignominious punishments.

3. Despicable; worthy of contempt; as an ignominious projector.

Swift.

Ignominiously

IGNOMIN'IOUSLY, adverb Meanly; disgracefully; shamefully.

Ignominy

IG'NOMINY, noun [Latin ignominia; in and nomen, against name or reputation; French ignominie.]

Public disgrace; shame; reproach; dishonor; infamy.

Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest.

Addison.

Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy.

Rambler.

Ignoramus

IGNORA'MUS, noun [Latin we are ignorant; from ignoro.]

1. The indorsement which a grand jury make on a bill presented to them for inquiry, when there is not evidence to support the charges, on which all proceedings are stopped, and the accused person is discharged.

2. An ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge.

South.

Ignorance

IG'NORANCE, noun [French from Latin ignorantia; ignoro, not to know; ignarus, ignorant; in and gnarus, knowing.]

1. Want, absence or destitution of knowledge; the negative state of the mind which has not been instructed in arts, literature or science, or has not been informed of facts. Ignorance may be general, or it may be limited to particular subjects. Ignorance of the law does not excuse a man for violating it. Ignorance of facts is often venial.

Ignorance is preferable to error.

Jefferson.

2. Ignorances, in the plural, is used sometimes for omissions or mistakes; but the use is uncommon and not to be encouraged.

Ignorant

IG'NORANT, adjective [Latin ignorans.] Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened. A man may be ignorant of the law, or of any art or science. He may be ignorant of his own rights, or of the rights of others.

2. Unknown; undiscovered; a poetical use: as ignorant concealment.

Shak.

3. Unacquainted with.

Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame.

Dryden.

4. Unskilfully made or done. [Not legilimate.]

Poor ignorant baubles.

Shak.

Ignorant

IG'NORANT, noun A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled.

Did I for this take pains to teach

Our zealous ignorants to preach?

Denham.

Ignorantly

IG'NORANTLY, adverb Without knowledge, instruction or information.

Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts 17.

2. Unskilfully; inexpertly. A man may mistake blunders for beauties and ignorantly admire them.

Ignore

IGNO'RE, verb transitive To be ignorant. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Ignoscible

IGNOS'CIBLE, adjective [Latin ignoscibilis.] Pardonable. [Not used.]

Ignote

IGNO'TE, adjective [Latin ignotus.] Unknown. [Not used.]

Iguana

IGU'ANA, noun A species of lizard, of the genus Lacerta.

Ile

ILE, so written by Pope for aile, a walk or alley in a church or public building. [Not in use.]

2. An ear of corn. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Ilex

I'LEX, noun [Latin] In botany, the generic name of the Holly-tree. Also, the Quercus ilex, or great scarlet oak.

Iliac

IL'IAC, adjective [Latin iliacus, from ilia, the flank, or small intestines; Greek, to wind.]

Pertaining to the lower bowels, or to the ileum. The iliac passion, is a violent and dangerous kind of colic, with an inversion of the peristaltic motion of the bowels.

Encyc. Parr.

Iliad

IL'IAD, noun [from Ilium, Ilion, Troy.] An epic poem, composed by Homer, in twenty four books. The subject of this poem is the wrath of Achilles; in describing which, the poet exhibits the miserable effects of disunion and public dissensions. Hence the phrase, Ilias malorum, an Iliad of woes or calamities, a world of disasters.

Cicero.

Ilk

ILK, adjective The same; each. This is retained in Scottish, from the Saxon elc, each.

Ill

ILL, noun [supposed to be contracted from evil, Saxon yfel; but this is doubtful. It is in Swedish, illa, and Danish ilde.]

1. Bad or evil, in a general sense; contrary to good, physical or moral; applied to things; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitous; as, his ways are ill; he sets an ill example.

2. Producing evil or misfortune; as an ill star or planet.

3. Bad; evil; unfortunate; as an ill end; an ill fate.

4. Unhealthy; insalubrious; as an ill air or climate.

5. Cross; crabbed; surly; peevish; as ill nature; ill temper.

6. Diseased; disordered; sick or indisposed; applied to persons; as, the man is ill; he has been ill a long time; he is ill of a fever.

7. Diseased; impaired; as an ill state of health.

8. Discordant; harsh; disagreeable; as an ill sound.

9. Homely; ugly; as ill looks, or an ill countenance.

10. Unfavorable; suspicious; as when we say, this affair bears an ill look or aspect.

11. Rude; unpolished; as ill breeding; ill manners.

12. Not proper; not regular or legitimate; as an ill expression in grammar.

Ill

ILL, noun Wickedness; depravity; evil.

Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still,

Exerts itself and then throws off the ill.

Dryden.

2. Misfortune; calamity; evil; disease; pain; whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success.

Who can all sense of other's ills escape,

Is but a brute at best in human shape.

Tate.

Ill

ILL, adverb Not well; not rightly or perfectly. He is ill at ease.

2. Not easily; with pain or difficulty. He is ill able to sustain the burden.

Ill bears the sex the youthful lovers' fate, When just approaching to the nuptial state.

Dryden.

Ill

ILL, prefixed to participles of the present tense, and denoting evil or wrong,' may be considered as a noun governed by the participle, or as making a part of a compound word; as an ill meaning man, an ill designing man, an ill boding hour; that is, a man meaning ill, an hour boding ill. It is more consonant, however, to the genius of our language, to treat these and similar words as compounds. In some cases, as before the participles of intransitive verbs, ill must be considered as a part of the compound, as in ill-looking. When used before the perfect participle, ill is to be considered as an adverb, or modifying word, or to be treated as a part of the compound; as a part of the compound; as in ill-bred, ill-governed, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-formed, ill-minded. In these and all similar connections, it might be well to unite the two words in a compound by a hyphen. As ill may be prefixed to almost any participle, it is needless to attempt to collect a list of such words for insertion.

Il, prefixed to words beginning with l, stands for in, as used in the Latin language, and usually denotes a negation of the sense of the simple word, as illegal, not legal; or it denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces the sense, as in illuminate.

Illabile

ILLAB'ILE, adjective [See Labile.] Not liable to fall or err; infallible. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Illability

ILLABIL'ITY, noun The quality of not being liable to err, fall or apostatize. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Illacerable

ILLAC'ERABLE, adjective [See Lacerate.] That cannot be torn or rent.

Illapse

ILLAPSE, n. illaps'. [See Lapse.] A sliding in; an immission or entrance of one thing into another.

Norris.

2. A falling on; a sudden attack.

Thomson.

Illaqueate

ILLAQ'UEATE, verb transitive [Latin illaqueo; in and laqaeo; to ensnare; laqueus, a snare.]

To ensnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch. [Little used.]

More.

Illaqueated

ILLAQ'UEATED, participle passive Ensnared.

Illaqueation

ILLAQUEA'TION, noun The act of ensnaring; a catching or entrapping. [Little used.]

Brown.

2. A snare.

Illation

ILLA'TION, noun [Latin illatio; in and latio, a bearing; latus, from fero.]

An inference from premises; a conclusion; deduction. [Little used.]

Locke.

Illative

IL'LATIVE, adjective [See Illation.] Relating to illation; that may be inferred; as an illative consequence.

2. That denotes an inforence; as an illative word or particle, as then and therefore.

Watts.

Illative

IL'LATIVE, noun That which denotes illation or inference.

Bp. Hall.

Illaudable

ILLAUD'ABLE, adjective [See Laudable.] Not laudable; not worthy of approbation or commendation; as an illaudable motive or act.

2. Worthy of censure or dispraise.

Illaudably

ILLAUD'ABLY, adverb In a manner unworthy of praise; without deserving praise.

Broome.

Ill-Bred

ILL-BRED, adjective Not well bred; unpolite.

Ill-Breeding

ILL-BREE'DING, noun Want of good breeding; unpoliteness.

Ill-Conditioned

ILL-CONDI'TIONED, adjective [See Condition.] Being in bad order or state.

Illecebrous

ILLE'CEBROUS, adjective [Latin illecebrosus.] Alluring; full of allurement.

Elyot.

Illegal

ILLE'GAL, adjective [See Legal.] Not legal; unlawful; contrary to law; illicit; as an illegal act; illegal trade.

Illegality

ILLEGAL'ITY, noun Contrariety to law; unlawfulness; as the illegality of trespass, or of false imprisonment.

Illegalize

ILLE'GALIZE, verb transitive To render unlawful.

Illegally

ILLE'GALLY, adverb In a manner contrary to law; unlawfully; as a man illegally imprisoned.

Blackstone.

Illegibility

ILLEGIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being illegible.

Illegible

ILLEG'IBLE, adjective [See Legible.] That cannot be read; obscure or defaced so that the words cannot be known. It is a disgrace to a gentleman to write an illegible hand. The manuscripts found in the ruins of Herculaneum are mostly illegible.

Illegibly

ILLEG'IBLY, adverb In a manner not to be read; as a letter written illegibly.

Illegitimacy

ILLEGIT'IMACY, noun [See Legitimate.]

1. The state of being born out of wedlock; the state of bastardy.

Blackstone.

2. The state of being not genuine, or of legitimate origin.

Illegitimate

ILLEGIT'IMATE, adjective [See Legitimate.]

1. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; spurious; as an illegitimate son or daughter.

2. Unlawful; contrary to law.

3. Not genuine; not of genuine origin; as an illegitimate inference.

4. Not authorized by good usage; as an illegitimate word.

Illegitimate

ILLEGIT'IMATE, verb transitive To render illegitimate; to prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize.

Wotton.

Illegitimately

ILLEGIT'IMATELY, adverb Not in wedlock; without authority.

Illegitimation

ILLEGITIMA'TION, noun The state of one not born in wedlock.

Bacon.

2. Want of genuineness.

Martin.

Illeviable

ILLEV'IABLE, adjective [in, not, and French lever, to raise or levy.] That cannot be levied or collected.

Hale.

Ill-Faced

ILL'-FACED, adjective Having an ugly face.

Hall.

Ill-Favored

ILL-FA'VORED, adjective [ill and favored.] Ugly; ill-looking; wanting beauty; deformed.

ill-favored and lean fleshed. Genesis 41.

Ill-Favoredly

ILL-FA'VOREDLY, adverb With deformity.

2. Roughly; rudely.

Howell.

Ill-Favoredness

ILL-FA'VOREDNESS, noun Ugliness; deformity.

Illiberal

ILLIB'ERAL, adjective [See Liberal.] Not liberal; not free or generous.

2. Not noble; not ingenuous; not catholic; of a contracted mind. Cold in charity; in religion, illiberal.

K. Charles.

3. Not candid; uncharitable in judging.

4. Not generous; not munificent; sparing of gifts.

Woodward.

5. Not becoming a well bred man.

Harris.

6. Not pure; not well authorized or elegant; as illiberal words in Latin. [Unusual.]

Chesterfield.

Illiberality

ILLIBERAL'ITY, noun Narrowness of mind; contractedness; meanness; want of catholic opinions.

2. Parsimony; want of munificence.

Bacon.

Illiberally

ILLIB'ERALLY, adverb Ungenerously; uncandidly; uncharitably; disingenuously.

2. Parsimoniously.

Illicit

ILLIC'IT, adjective [Latin illicitus; in and licitus, from liceo, to permit.]

Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as an illicit trade; illicit intercourse or connection.

Illicitly

ILLIC'ITLY, adverb Unlawfully.

Illicitness

ILLIC'ITNESS, noun Unlawfulness.

Illicitous

ILLIC'ITOUS, adjective Unlawful.

Illighten

ILLI'GHTEN, verb transitive [See Light, Lighten.] To enlighten. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

Illimitable

ILLIM'ITABLE, adjective [in, not, and limit, or Latin limes.]

That cannot be limited or bounded; as the illimitable void.

Thomson.

Illimitably

ILLIM'ITABLY, adverb Without possibility of being bounded.

2. Without limits.

Illimited

ILLIM'ITED, adjective [French illimitÃƒ-©; in and Latin limes, a limit.]

Unbounded; not limited; interminable.

Bp. Hall.

Illimitedness

ILLIM'ITEDNESS, noun Boundlessness; the state of being without limits or restriction.

The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was much spoken of.

Clarendon.

Illinition

ILLINI'TION, noun [Latin illinitus, illinio, to anoint; in and lino, to besmear.]

A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals.

It is sometimes disguised by a thin crust or illinition of black manganese.

Kirwan.

Illiteracy

ILLIT'ERACY, noun [from illiterate.] The state of being untaught or unlearned; want of a knowledge of letters; ignorance.

Encyc.

Illiterate

ILLIT'ERATE, adjective [Latin illiteratus; in and literatus; from litera, a letter.]

Unlettered; ignorant of letters or books; untaught; unlearned; uninstructed in science; as an illiterate man, nation or tribe.

Wotton.

Illiterateness

ILLIT'ERATENESS, noun Want of learning; ignorance of letters, books or science.

Boyle.

Illiterature

ILLIT'ERATURE, noun Want of learning. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Ill-Lived

ILL-LI'VED, adjective Leading a wicked life. [Little used.]

Bp. Hall.

Ill-Nature

ILL-NA'TURE, noun [ill and nature.] Crossness; crabbedness; habitual bad temper, or want of kindness; fractiousness.

South.

Ill-Natured

ILL-NA'TURED, adjective Cross; crabbed; surly; intractable; of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious. An ill-natured person may disturb the harmony of a whole parish.

2. That indicates ill-nature.

The ill-natured task refuse.

Addison.

3. Intractable; not yielding to culture; as ill-natured land. [Not legitimate.]

Philips.

Ill-Naturedly

ILL-NA'TUREDLY, adverb In a peevish or froward manner; crossly; unkindly.

Ill-Naturedness

ILL-NA'TUREDNESS, noun Crossness; want of a kind disposition.

Illness

ILL'NESS, noun [from ill.] Badness; unfavorableness; as the illness of the weather. [Not used.]

Locke.

2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness. He has recovered from his illness.

3. Wickedness; iniquity; wrong moral conduct.

Shak.

Illogical

ILLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Logical.] Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as an illogical disputant.

2. Contrary to the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as an illogical inference.

Illogically

ILLOG'ICALLY, adverb In a manner contrary to the rules of correct reasoning.

Illogicalness

ILLOG'ICALNESS, noun Contrariety to sound reasoning.

Hammond.

Illstarred

ILL'STARRED, adjective [ill and star.] Fated to be unfortunate.

Beddoes.

Ill-Trained

ILL'-TRAINED, adjective Not well trained or disciplined.

Mitford.

Illude

ILLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin illudo; in and ludo, to play. See Ludicrous.]

To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite hope and disappoint it.

Illuded

ILLU'DED, participle passive Deceived; mocked.

Illuding

ILLU'DING, participle of the present tense Playing on by artifice; deceiving.

Illume

ILLU'ME, or ILLU'MINE, verb transitive [French illuminer; Latin illumino; in and lumino, to enlighten, from lumen, light. See Luminous.]

1. To illuminate; to enlighten; to throw or spread light on; to make light or bright.

Milton.

[These words are used chiefly in poetry.]

2. To enlighten, as the mind; to cause to understand.

3. To brighten; to adorn.

The mountain's brow, Illum'd with fluid goldÃ‚--

Thomson.

Illuminant

ILLU'MINANT, noun That which illuminates or affords light.

Boyle.

Illuminate

ILLU'MINATE, verb transitive [See Illume.] To enlighten; to throw light on; to supply with light. [This word is used in poetry or prose.]

2. To adorn with festal lamps or bonfires.

3. To enlighten intellectually with knowledge or grace. Hebrews 10.

4. To adorn with pictures, portraits and other paintings; as, to illuminate manuscripts or books, according to ancient practice.

Encyc.

5. To illustrate; to throw light on, as on obscure subjects.

Watts.

Illuminate

ILLU'MINATE, adjective Enlightened.

Bp. Hall.

Illuminate

ILLU'MINATE, noun One of a sect of heretics pretending to possess extraordinary light and knowledge.

Illuminated

ILLU'MINATED, participle passive Enlightened; rendered light or luminous; illustrated; adorned with pictures, as books.

Illuminating

ILLU'MINATING, participle of the present tense Enlightening; rendering luminous or bright; illustrating; adorning with pictures.

Illuminating

ILLU'MINATING, noun The act, practice or art of adorning manuscripts and books by paintings.

Illumination

ILLUMINA'TION, noun The act of illuminating or rendering luminous; the act of supplying with light.

2. The act of rendering a house or a town light, by placing lights at the windows, or in elevated situations, as a manifestation of joy; or the state of being thus rendered light.

3. That which gives light.

The sunÃ‚--is an illumination created.

Raleigh.

4. Brightness; splendor.

5. Infusion of intellectual light; an enlightening of the understanding by knowledge, or the mind by spiritual light.

6. The act, art or practice of adorning manuscripts and books with pictures.

Encyc.

7. Inspiration; the special communication of knowledge to the mind by the Supreme Being.

Hymns and psalmsÃ‚--are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired.

Hooker.

Illuminative

ILLU'MINATIVE, adjective [French illuminatif.] Having the power of giving light.

Digby.

Illuminator

ILLU'MINATOR, noun He or that which illuminates or gives light.

2. One whose occupation is to decorate manuscripts and books with pictures, portraits and drawings of any kind. This practice began among the Romans, and was continued during the middle ages. The manuscripts containing portraits, pictures and emblematic figures, form a valuable part of the riches preserved in the principal libraries in Europe.

Encyc.

From this word, by contraction, is formed limner.

Illuminee

ILLUMINEE', or ILLUMINA'TI, noun A church term anciently applied to persons who had received baptism; in which ceremony they received a lighted taper, as a symbol of the faith and grace they had received by that sacrament.

Encyc.

2. The name of a sect of heretics, who sprung up in Spain about the year 1575, and who afterward appeared in France. Their principal doctrine was, that by means of a sublime manner of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments and good works.

Encyc.

3. The name given to certain associations of men in modern Europe, who combined to overthrow the existing religious institutions, and substitute reason, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection.

Robison.

Illuminism

ILLU'MINISM, noun The principles of the Illuminati.

Illuminize

ILLU'MINIZE, verb transitive To initiate into the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.

Am. Review.

Illusion

ILLU'SION, n. s as z. [French illusion; Latin illusio, from illudo, to illude.]

Deceptive appearance; false show, by which a person is or may be deceived, or his expectations disappointed; mockery.

Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise!

Pope.

Illusive

ILLU'SIVE, adjective Deceiving by false show; deceitful; false.

While the fond soul, Wrapt in gay visions of unreal bliss, Still paints th' illusive form.

Thomson.

Illusively

ILLU'SIVELY, adverb By means of a false show.

Illusiveness

ILLU'SIVENESS, noun Deception; false show.

Ash.

Illusory

ILLU'SORY, adjective [French illusoire, from Latin illusus, illudo.]

Deceiving or tending to deceive by false appearances; fallacious. His offers were illusory.

Illustrate

ILLUS'TRATE, verb transitive [French illustrer; Latin illustro; in and lustro, to illuminate. See Luster.]

1. To make clear, bright or luminous.

2. To brighten with honor; to make distinguished.

Matter to me of glory! whom their hate IllustratesÃ‚--

Milton.

3. To brighten; to make glorious, or to display the glory of; as, to illustrate the perfections of God.

4. To explain or elucidate; to make clear, intelligible or obvious, what is dark or obscure; as, to illustrate a passage of Scripture by comments, or of a profane author by a gloss.

Illustrated

ILLUS'TRATED, participle passive Made bright or glorious.

2. Explained; elucidated; made clear to the understanding.

Illustrating

ILLUS'TRATING, participle of the present tense Making bright or glorious; rendering distinguished; elucidating.

Illustration

ILLUSTRA'TION, noun The act of rendering bright or glorious.

2. Explanation; elucidation; a rendering clear what is obscure or abstruse.

Locke.

Illustrative

ILLUS'TRATIVE, adjective Having the quality of elucidating and making clear what is obscure; as an argument or simile illustrative of the subject.

Brown.

2. Having the quality of rendering glorious, or of displaying glory.

Illustratively

ILLUS'TRATIVELY, adverb By way of illustration or elucidation.

Brown.

Illustrator

ILLUS'TRATOR, noun One who illustrates or makes clear.

Illustrious

ILLUS'TRIOUS, adjective [French illustre; Latin illustris.]

1. Conspicuous; distinguished by the reputation of greatness; renowned; eminent; as an illustrious general or magistrate; an illustrious prince.

2. Conspicuous; renowned; conferring honor; as illustrious actions.

3. Glorious; as an illustrious display of the divine perfections.

4. A title of honor.

Illustriously

ILLUS'TRIOUSLY, adverb Conspicuously; nobly; eminently; with dignity or distinction.

2. Gloriously; in a way to manifest glory. The redemption of man displays illustriously the justice as well as the benevolence of God.

Illustriousness

ILLUS'TRIOUSNESS, noun Eminence of character; greatness; grandeur; glory.

Illuxurious

ILLUXU'RIOUS, adjective Not luxurious.

Drury.

Ill-Will

ILL-WILL', noun Enmity; malevolence.

Ill-Willer

ILL-WILL'ER, noun One who wishes ill to another.

Im

I'M, contracted from I am.

Im

IM, in composition, is usually the representative of the Latin in; n being changed to m, for the sake of easy utterance, before a labial, as in imbibe, immense, impartial. We use the same prefix in compounds not of Latin origin, as in imbody, imbitter. For im, the French write em, which we also use in words borrowed from their language.

Image

IM'AGE, noun [French image; Latin imago; Spanish imagen; Italian image, immagine; Irish iomaigh.]

1. A representation or similitude of any person or thing, formed of a material substance; as an image wrought out of stone, wood or wax.

Whose is this image and superscription? Matthew 22.

2. A statue.

3. An idol; the representation of any person or thing, that is an object of worship. The second commandment forbids the worship of images.

4. The likeness of any thing on canvas; a picture; a resemblance painted.

5. Any copy, representation or likeness. The child is the image of its mother.

6. Semblance; show; appearance.

The face of things a frightful image bears.

Dryden.

7. An idea; a representation of any thing to the mind; a conception; a picture drawn by fancy.

Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft or great?

Prior.

8. In rhetoric, a lively description of any thing in discourse, which presents a kind of picture to the mind.

Encyc.

9. In optics, the figure of any object, made by rays of light proceeding from the several points of it. Thus a mirror reflects the image of a person standing before it, as does water in a vessel or stream, when undisturbed.

Image

IM'AGE, verb transitive To imagine; to copy by the imagination; to form a likeness in the mind by the fancy or recollection.

And image charms he must behold no more.

Pope.

Imagery

IM'AGERY, noun im'ajry. Sensible representations, pictures, statues.

Rich carvings, portraitures and imagery.

Dryden.

2. Show; appearance.

What can thy imagery and sorrow mean?

Prior.

3. Forms of the fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms.

The imagery of a melancholic fancyÃ‚--

Atterbury.

4. Representations in writing or speaking; lively descriptions which impress the images of things on the mind; figures in discourse.

I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery.

Dryden.

5. Form; make.

Image-Worship

IM'AGE-WORSHIP, noun The worship of images; idolatry.

Imaginable

IMAG'INABLE, adjective [French See Imagine.] That may be imagined or conceived. This point is proved with all imaginable clearness.

Imaginant

IMAG'INANT, adjective Imagining; conceiving. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Imaginary

IMAG'INARY, adjective Existing only in imagination or fancy; visionary; fancied; not real.

Imaginary ills and fancied tortures.

Addison.

Imagination

IMAGINA'TION, noun [Latin imaginatio; French imagination.]

The power or faculty of the mind by which it conceives and forms ideas of things communicated to it by the organs of sense.

Encyc.

Imagination I understand to be the representation of an individual thought.

Bacon.

Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination [conception.]

Glanville.

Imagination, in its proper sense, signifies a lively conception of objects of sight. It is distinguished from conception, as a part from a whole.

Reid.

The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have also a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones so as to form new wholes of our own creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. I apprehend this to be the proper sense of the word, if imagination be the power which gives birth to the productions of the poet and the painter.

Stewart.

We would define imagination to be the will working on the materials of memory; not satisfied with following the order prescribed by nature, or suggested by accident, it selects the parts of different conceptions, or objects of memory, to form a whole more pleasing, more terrible, or more awful, than has ever been presented in the ordinary course of nature.

Ed. Encyc.

The two latter definitions give the true sense of the word, as now understood.

2. Conception; image in the mind; idea.

Sometimes despair darkens all her imaginations.

Sidney.

His imaginations were often as just as they were bold and strong.

Dennis.

3. Contrivance; scheme formed in the mind; device.

Thou hast seen all their vengeance, and all their imaginations against me. Lamentations 3.

4. Conceit; an unsolid or fanciful opinion.

We are apt to think that space, in itself, is actually boundless; to which imagination, the idea of space of itself leads us.

Locke.

5. First motion or purpose of the mind. Genesis 6.

Imaginative

IMAG'INATIVE, adjective [French imaginatif.] That forms imaginations.

Taylor.

2. Full of imaginations; fantastic.

Bacon.

Imagine

IMAG'INE, verb transitive [French imaginer; Spanish imaginar; Latin imaginor, from imago, image.]

1. To form a notion or idea in the mind; to fancy. We can imagine the figure of a horse's head united to a human body.

In this sense, fancy is the more proper word.

2. To form ideas or representations in the mind, by modifying and combining our conceptions.

Stewart.

3. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise.

How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? Psalm 62.

Imagine

IMAG'INE, verb intransitive To conceive; to have a notion or idea. I cannot imagine how this should have happened.

Imagined

IMAG'INED, participle passive Formed in the mind; fancied; contrived.

Imaginer

IMAG'INER, noun One who forms ideas; one who contrives.

Bacon.

Imagining

IMAG'INING, participle of the present tense Forming ideas in the mind; devising.

Imam

IM'AM, or IM'AN, noun A minister or priest among the Mohammedans.

Imbalm, Imbargo, Imbark, Imbase. See Embalm, Embargo, Embark, Embase.

Imban

IMBAN', verb transitive [in and ban.] To excommunicate, in a civil sense; to cut off from the rights of man, or exclude from the common privileges of humanity. [Not well authorized.]

J. Barlow.

Imband

IMBAND', verb transitive [in and band.] To form into a band or bands.

Beneath full sails imbanded nations rise.

J. Barlow.

Imbanded

IMBAND'ED, participle passive Formed into a band or bands.

Imbank

IMBANK', verb transitive [in and bank.] To inclose with a bank; to defend by banks, mounds or dikes.

Imbanked

IMBANK'ED, participle passive Inclosed or defended with a bank.

Imbanking

IMBANK'ING, participle of the present tense Inclosing or surrounding with a bank.

Imbankment

IMBANK'MENT, noun The act of surrounding or defending with a bank.

2. Inclosure by a bank; the banks or mounds of earth that are raised to defend a place, especially against floods.

Imbarn

IMB'ARN, verb transitive To deposit in a barn. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Imbastardize

IMB'ASTARDIZE, verb transitive To bastardize, which see.

Milton.

Imbead

IMBE'AD, verb transitive [in and bead.] To fasten with a bead.

The strong bright bayonet imbeaded fast.

J. Barlow.

Imbeaded

IMBE'ADED, participle passive Fastened with a bead.

Imbecile

IM'BECILE, a. im'becil. [Latin imbecillis; French imbecile. This seems to be a compound word, of which the primitive bec, is not now to be found or recognized.]

Weak; feeble; destitute of strength, either of body or of mind; impotent.

Barrow.

Imbecility

IMBECIL'ITY, noun [Latin imbecillitas; French imbecillitÃƒ-©.]

1. Want of strength; weakness; feebleness of body or of mind. We speak of the imbecility of the body or of the intellect, when either does not possess the usual strength and vigor that belongs to men, and which is necessary to a due performance of its functions. This may be natural, or induced by violence or disease.

2. Impotence of males; inability to procreate children.

Imbed

IMBED', verb transitive [in and bed.] To sink or lay in a bed; to place in a mass of earth, sand or other substance, so as to be partly in closed.

Imbedded

IMBED'DED, participle passive Laid or inclosed, as in a bed or mass of surrounding matter.

Imbedding

IMBED'DING, participle of the present tense Laying, as in a bed.

Imbellic

IMBEL'LIC, adjective [Latin in and bellicus.] Not warlike or martial. [Little used.]

Junius.

Imbenching

IMBENCH'ING, noun [in and bench.] A raised work like a bench.

Parkhurst.

Imbibe

IMBI'BE, verb transitive [Latin imbibo; in and bibo, to drink; French imbiber.]

1. To drink in; to absorb; as, a dry or porous body imbibes a fluid; a spunge imbibes moisture.

2. To receive or admit into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe principles; to imbibe errors. Imbibing in the mind always implies retention, at least for a time.

3. To imbue, as used by Newton; but he has not been followed.

Imbibed

IMBI'BED, participle passive Drank in, as a fluid; absorbed; received into the mind and retained.

Imbiber

IMBI'BER, noun He or that which imbibes.

Imbibing

IMBI'BING, participle of the present tense Drinking in; absorbing; receiving and retaining.

Imbibition

IMBIBI'TION, noun The act of imbibing.

Bacon.

Imbitter

IMBIT'TER, verb transitive [in and bitter.] To make bitter.

2. To make unhappy or grievous; to render distressing. The sins of youth often imbitter old age. Grief imbitters our enjoyments.

3. To exasperate; to make more severe, poignant or painful. The sorrows of true penitence are imbittered by a sense of our ingratitude to our Almighty Benefactor.

4. To exasperate; to render more violent or malignant; as, to imbitter enmity, anger, rage, passion, &c.

Imbittered

IMBIT'TERED, participle passive Made unhappy or painful: exasperated.

Imbittering

IMBIT'TERING, participle of the present tense Rendering unhappy or distressing; exasperating.

Imbodied

IMBOD'IED, participle passive [See Imbody.] Formed into a body.

Imbody

IMBOD'Y, verb transitive [in and body.] To form into a body; to invest with matter; to make corporeal; as, to imbody the soul or spirit.

An opening cloud reveals A heavenly form, imbodied and array'd With robes of light.

Dryden.

2. To form into a body, collection or system; as, to imbody the laws of a state in a code.

3. To bring into a band, company, regiment, brigade, army, or other regular assemblage; to collect; as, to embody the forces of a nation.

Then Clausus came, who led a numerous band

Of troops imbodied.

Dryden.

Imbody

IMBOD'Y, verb intransitive To unite in a body, mass or collection; to coalesce.

Milton. Locke.

Imbodying

IMBOD'YING, participle of the present tense Forming into a body; investing with a corporeal body.

2. Collecting and uniting in a body.

Imboil

IMBOIL', verb intransitive To effervesce.

Spenser.

Imbolden

IMBOLDEN, v. t. imboldn. [in and bold; Italian imbaldanzire.]

To encourage; to give confidence to.

Nothing imboldens sin so much as mercy.

Shak.

Imbolden

IMBOLDEN, participle passive Encouraged; having received confidence.

Imboldening

IMBOLDENING, participle of the present tense Encouraging; giving confidence.

Imborder

IMBORD'ER, verb transitive [in and border.] To furnish or inclose with a border; to adorn with a border.

2. To terminate; to bound.

Milton.

Imbordered

IMBORD'ERED, participle passive Furnished, inclosed or adorned with a border; bounded.

Imbordering

IMBORD'ERING, participle of the present tense Furnishing, inclosing or adorning with a border; bounding.

Imbosk

IMBOSK', verb transitive [Italian imboscare. See Bush.]

To conceal, as in bushes; to hide.

Milton.

Imbosom

IMBO'SOM, v. t. s as z. [in and bosom.] To hold in the bosom; to cover fondly with the folds of one's garment.

2. To hold in nearness or intimacy.

Ã‚--The Father infinite, By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son.

Milton.

3. To admit to the heart or affection; to caress.

But glad desire, his late imbosom'd guestÃ‚--

Sidney.

4. To inclose in the midst; to surround.

Villages imbosomed soft in treesÃ‚--

Thomson.

5. To inclose in the midst; to cover; as pearls imbosomed in the deep.

Imbosomed

IMBO'SOMED, participle passive Held in the bosom or to the breast; caressed; surrounded in the midst; inclosed; covered.

Imbosoming

IMBO'SOMING, participle of the present tense Holding in the bosom; caressing; holding to the breast; inclosing or covering in the midst.

Imbound

IMBOUND', verb transitive [in and bound.] To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Little used.]

Shak.

Imbow

IMBOW, verb transitive [in and bow.] To arch; to vault; as an imbowed roof.

Milton.

2. To make of a circular form; as imbowed windows.

Bacon.

Imbowed

IMBOWED, participle passive Arched; vaulted; made of a circular form.

Imbower

IMBOW'ER, verb transitive [in and bower.] To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees.

Thomson.

Imbowered

IMBOW'ERED, participle passive Covered with a bower; sheltered with trees.

Imbowering

IMBOW'ERING, participle of the present tense Covering with a bower or with trees.

Imbowing

IMBOWING, participle of the present tense Arching; vaulting; making of a circular form.

Imbowment

IMBOWMENT, noun An arch; a vault.

Bacon.

Imbox

IMBOX', verb transitive To inclose in a box.

Imbrangle

IMBRAN'GLE, verb transitive To entangle.

Hudibras.

Imbreed

IMBREE'D, verb transitive To generate within.

Imbricate

IM'BRICATE, or IM'BRICATED, adjective [Latin imbricatus, imbrico, from imbrex, a tile.]

1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile.

Johnson.

2. In botany, lying over each other, like tiles on a roof; parallel, with a strait surface, and lying one over the other; as leaves in the bud.

Lee. Martyn.

Imbrication

IMBRICA'TION, noun A concave indenture, like that of tiles; tiling.

Derham.

Imbrown

IMBROWN', verb transitive [in and brown.] To make brown; to darken; to obscure.

The unpiere'd shade Imbrown'd the noon-tide bowers.

Milton.

2. To darken the color of; to make dirty.

The foot grows black that was with dirt imbrown'd.

Gay.

3. To tan; to darken the complexion.

Imbrowned

IMBROWN'ED, participle passive Made brown; darkened; tanned.

Imbrowning

IMBROWN'ING, participle of the present tense Rendering brown; darkening; tanning.

Imbrue

IMBRUE, v. t. imbru'. [Greek, to moisten; and. Hence it is allied to embrocate, and Spanish embriagar, to intoxicate. See Ebriety, Brook and Rain.]

1. To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench in a fluid, chiefly in blood.

Whose arrows in my blood their wings imbrue.

Sandys.

Lucius pities the offenders, That would imbrue their hands in Cato's blood.

Addison.

2. To pour out liquor. Obs.

Spenser.

Imbrued

IMBRU'ED, participle passive Wet; moistened; drenched.

Imbruing

IMBRU'ING, participle of the present tense Wetting; moistening; drenching.

Imbrute

IMBRU'TE, verb transitive [in and brute.] To degrade to the state of a brute; to reduce to brutality.

Ã‚--And mix with bestial slime This essence to incarnate and imbrute.

Milton.

Imbrute

IMBRU'TE, verb transitive To sink to the state of a brute.

Milton.

Imbruted

IMBRU'TED, participle passive Degraded to brutism.

Imbruting

IMBRU'TING, participle of the present tense Reducing to brutishness.

Imbue

IMBUE, v. t. imbu'. [Latin imbuo; in and the root of buck, to buck cloth, that is, to dip, drench or steep in water.]

1. To tinge deeply; to dye; as, to imbue cloth.

Boyle.

2. To tincture deeply; to cause to imbibe; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles.

Imbued

IMBU'ED, participle passive Tinged; dyed; tinctured.

Imbuing

IMBU'ING, participle of the present tense Tinging; dyeing; tincturing deeply.

Imitability

IMITABIL'ITY, noun [See Imitable, Imitate.] The quality of being imitable.

Norris.

Imitable

IM'ITABLE, adjective [French from Latin imitabilis. See Imitate.]

1. That may be imitated or copied. Let us follow our Savior in all his imitable conduct and traits of character. There are some works of the ancients that are hardly imitable. The dignified style of Johnson is scarcely imitable.

2. Worthy of imitation.

Imitate

IMI'TATE, verb transitive [French imiter; Spanish Portugese imitar; Italian imitare; Latin imitor; allied perhaps to Greek, similar, equal.]

1. To follow in manners; to copy in form, color or quality. We imitate another in dress or manners; we imitate a statue, a painting, a sound, an action, when we make or do that which resembles it. We should seek the best models to imitate, and in morals and piety, it is our duty to imitate the example of our Savior. But as we cannot always make an exact similitude of the original, hence,

2. To attempt or endeavor to copy or resemble; as, to imitate the colors of the rainbow, or any of the beauties of nature. Cicero appears to have imitated the Greek orators.

3. To counterfeit.

This hand appear'd shining sword to wield, And that sustain'd an imitated shield.

Dryden.

4. To pursue the course of a composition, so as to use like images and examples.

Johnson. Gay.

Imitated

IM'ITATED, participle passive Followed; copied.

Imitating

IM'ITATING, participle of the present tense Following in manner; copying.

Imitation

IMITA'TION, noun [French from Latin imitatio; imitor, to imitate.]

1. The act of following in manner, or of copying in form; the act of making the similitude of any thing, or of attempting a resemblance. By the imitation of bad men or of evil examples, we are apt to contract vicious habits. In the imitation of natural forms and colors, we are often unsuccessful. Imitation in music, says Rousseau, is a reiteration of the same air, or of one which is similar, in several parts where it is repeated by one after the other, either in unison, or at the distance of a fourth, a fifth, a third, or any interval whatever. Imitation in oratory, is an endeavor to resemble a speaker or writer in the qualities which we propose to ourselves as patterns.

Encyc.

2. That which is made or produced as a copy; likeness; resemblance. We say, a thing is a true imitation of nature.

3. A method of translating, in which modern examples and illustrations are used for ancient, or domestic for foreign, or in which the translator not only varies the words and sense, but forsakes them as he sees occasion.

Johnson. Dryden.

Imitative

IM'ITATIVE, adjective Inclined to follow in manner; as, man is an imitative being.

2. Aiming at resemblance; that is used in the business of forming resemblances. Painting is an imitative art.

3. Formed after a model, pattern or original.

This temple, less in form, with equal grace, Was imitative of the first in Thrace.

Dryden.

Imitative music, is that which is intended to resemble some natural operation, the passions, and the like.

Busby.

Imitator

IM'ITATOR, noun One that follows in manners or deportment.

2. One that copies, or attempts to make the resemblance of any thing.

Imitatorship

IMITA'TORSHIP, noun The office or state of an imitator.

Marston.

Immaculate

IMMAC'ULATE, noun [Latin immaculatus; in and macula, a spot.]

1. Spotless; pure; unstained; undefiled; without blemish; as immaculate reputation; immaculate thoughts. Our Savior has set us an example of an immaculate life and conversation.

2. Pure; limpid; not tinged with impure matter; as an immaculate fountain.

Shak.

Immaculate conception, the conception of our Savior by the virgin Mary.

Immaculately

IMMAC'ULATELY, adverb With spotless purity.

Immaculateness

IMMAC'ULATENESS, noun Spotless purity.

Immailed

IMMA'ILED, adjective Wearing mail or armor.

Browne.

Immalleable

IMMAL'LEABLE, adjective [in and malleable.] Not malleable; that cannot be extended by hammering.

Med. Repos.

Immanacle

IMMAN'ACLE, verb transitive [in and manacle.] To put manacles on; to fetter or confine; to restrain from free action.

Milton.

Immanacled

IMMAN'ACLED, participle passive Fettered; confined.

Immanacling

IMMAN'ACLING, participle of the present tense Fettering; confining.

Immane

IMMA'NE, adjective [Latin immanis.] Vast; huge; very great. [Little used.]

Immanely

IMMA'NELY, adverb Monstrously; cruelly.

Milton.

Immanency

IM'MANENCY, noun Internal dwelling.

Pearson.

Immanent

IM'MANENT, adjective [Latin in and manens, maneo, to abide.] Inherent; intrinsic; internal.

South.

Immanity

IMMAN'ITY, noun [Latin immanitas.] Barbarity; savageness.

Shak.

Immarcessible

IMMARCES'SIBLE, adjective [Latin in and marcesco, to fade.] Unfading.

Dict.

Immartial

IMM`ARTIAL, adjective [in and martial.] Not martial; not warlike.

Chapman.

Immask

IMM`ASK, verb transitive [in and mask.] To cover, as with a mask; to disguise.

Shak.

Immasked

IMM`ASKED, participle passive Covered; masked.

Immasking

IMM`ASKING, participle of the present tense Covering; disguising.

Immatchable

IMMATCH'ABLE, adjective That cannot be matched; peerless.

Immaterial

IMMATE'RIAL, adjective [French immateriel; in and material.]

1. Incorporeal; not material; not consisting of matter; as immaterial spirits. The mind or soul is immaterial.

2. Unimportant; without weight; not material; of no essential consequence.

Melmoth. Aikin. Hayley. Ruffhead.

Immaterialism

IMMATE'RIALISM, noun The doctrine of the existence or state of immaterial substances or spiritual beings.

Immaterialist

IMMATE'RIALIST, noun One who professes immateriality.

Swift.

Immateriality

IMMATERIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being immaterial, or not consisting of matter; destitution of matter; as the immateriality of the soul.

Immaterialized

IMMATE'RIALIZED, adjective Rendered or made immaterial.

Glanville.

Immaterially

IMMATE'RIALLY, adverb In a manner not depending on matter.

2. In a manner unimportant.

Immaterialness

IMMATE'RIALNESS, noun The state of being immaterial; immateriality.

Immateriate

IMMATE'RIATE, adjective Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; immaterial. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Immature

IMMATU'RE, adjective [Latin immaturus; in and maturus.]

1. Not mature or ripe; unripe; that has not arrived to a perfect state; applied to fruit.

2. Not perfect; not brought to a complete state; as immature plans or counsels.

3. Hasty; too early; that comes before the natural time.

Taylor.

[In this sense, premature is generally used.]

Immaturely

IMMATU'RELY, adverb Too soon; before ripeness or completion; before the natural time.

Immatureness

IMMATU'RENESS, or IMMATU'RITY, noun Unripeness; incompleteness; the state of a thing which has not arrived to perfection.

Immeability

IMMEABIL'ITY, noun [Latin in and meo, to pass.] Want of power to pass.

Arbuthnot.

The proper sense is, the quality of not being permeable, or not affording a passage through the pores. [Little used.]

Immeasurable

IMMEAS'URABLE, a. immezh'urable. [in and measure.]

That cannot be measured; immense; indefinitely extensive; as an immeasurable distance or space; an immeasurable abyss.

Milton. Addison.

Immeasurably

IMMEAS'URABLY, adverb To an extent not to be measured; immensely; beyond all measure.

Milton.

Immeasured

IMMEAS'URED, adjective Exceeding common measure.

Immechanical

IMMECHAN'ICAL, adjective [in and mechanical.] Not consonant to the laws of mechanics.

Cheyne.

Immediacy

IMME'DIACY, noun [from immediate.] Power of acting without dependence.

Shak.

Immediate

IMME'DIATE, adjective [French immediat; Italian immediato; Latin in and medius, middle.]

1. Proximate; acting without a medium, or without the intervention of another cause or means; producing its effect by its own direct agency. An immediate cause is that which is exerted directly in producing its effect, in opposition to a mediate cause, or one more remote.

2. Not acting by second causes; as the immediate will of God.

Abbot.

3. Instant; present; without the intervention of time. We must have an immediate supply of bread.

Immediate are my needsÃ‚--

Shak.

DeathÃ‚--inflictedÃ‚--by an immediate stroke.

Milton.

Immediately

IMME'DIATELY, adverb Without the intervention of any other cause or event; opposed to mediately.

The transfer, whether accepted immediately by himself, or mediately by his agent, vests in him the property.

Anon.

2. Instantly; at the present time; without delay, or the intervention of time.

And Jesus put forth his hand, and touched him, saying, I will, be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matthew 8.

Immediateness

IMME'DIATENESS, noun Presence with regard to time.

2. Exemption from second or intervening causes.

Immedicable

IMMED'ICABLE, adjective [Latin immedicabilis; in and medicabilis, from medico, to heal.] Not to be healed; incurable.

Milton.

Immelodious

IMMELO'DIOUS, adjective Not melodious.

Drummond.

Immemorable

IMMEM'ORABLE, adjective [Latin immemorabilis; in and memorabilis. See Memory.]

Not to be remembered; not worth remembering.

Johnson.

Immemorial

IMMEMO'RIAL, adjective [French from Latin in and memor, memoria.]

Beyond memory; an epithet given to time or duration, &c., whose beginning is not remembered, or cannot be traced and ascertained; as when it is said a man has possessed an estate in fee from time immemorial, or time out of mind. Such possession constitutes prescription, or prescriptive right. So we speak of immemorial use, custom or practice. In England, a thing is said to be immemorial, when it commenced before the reign of Edward II.

Immemorially

IMMEMO'RIALLY, adverb Beyond memory.

Bentley.

Immense

IMMENSE, a. immens'. [French from Latin immensus; in and mensus, metior, to measure.]

1. Unlimited; unbounded; infinite.

O goodness infinite! goodness immense!

Milton.

2. Vast in extent; very great; as an immense distance.

3. Huge in bulk; very large; as the immense body of Jupiter.

Immensely

IMMENSELY, adv. immens'ly. Infinitely; without limits or measure.

2. Vastly; very greatly.

Immensity

IMMENS'ITY, noun Unlimited extension; an extent not to be measured; infinity.

By the power we find in ourselves of repeating, as often as we will, any idea of space, we get the idea of immensity.

Locke.

2. Vastness in extent or bulk; greatness.

Immensurability

IMMENSURABIL'ITY, noun [from immensurable.]

The quality of not being capable of measure; impossibility to be measured.

Immensurable

IMMEN'SURABLE, adjective [Latin in and mensurabilis, from mensura, measure; mensus, metior.] Not to be measured; immeasurable.

The law of natureÃ‚--a term of immensurable extent.

Ward.

Immensurate

IMMEN'SURATE, adjective Unmeasured.

Welsh Mountagu.

Immerge

IMMERGE, v. t. immerj'. [Latin immergo; in and mergo, to plunge.]

1. To plunge into or under a fluid. [See Immerse, which is generally used.]

2. verb intransitive To enter the light of the sun, as a star, or the shadow of the earth, as the moon.

Immerit

IMMER'IT, noun Want of worth. [Not used.]

Immerited

IMMER'ITED, adjective Unmerited. [Not used.]

Immeritous

IMMER'ITOUS, adjective Undeserving. [Not used.]

Immerse

IMMERSE, v. t. immers'. [Latin immersus, from immergo; in and mergo, to plunge.]

1. To put under water or other fluid; to plunge; to dip.

2. To sink or cover deep; to cover wholly; as, to be immersed in a wood.

Dryden.

3. To plunge; to overwhelm; to involve; to engage deeply; as, to immerse in business or cares.

It is impossible for a man to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply immersed in the enjoyment of this.

Atterbury.

Immersed

IMMERS'ED, participle passive Put into a fluid; plunged; deeply engaged; enveloped in the light of the sun, as a star, or in the shadow of the earth, as the moon.

Immersing

IMMERS'ING, participle of the present tense Plunging into a fluid; dipping; overwhelming; deeply engaging.

Immersion

IMMER'SION, noun The act of putting into a fluid below the surface; the act of plunging into a fluid till covered.

2. The state of sinking into a fluid.

3. The state of being overwhelmed or deeply engaged; as an immersion in the affairs of life.

Atterbury.

4. In astronomy, the act of entering into the light of the sun, as a star, so as to be enveloped and invisible to the eye; or the state of being so enveloped. Also, the entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth, at the commencement of an eclipse; or the state of being enveloped in the shadow. It is opposed to emersion.

The time when a star or planet is so near the sun as to be invisible; also, the moment when the moon begins to be darkened, and to enter the shadow of the earth.

Encyc.

Immesh

IMMESH', verb transitive [in and mesh.] To entangle in the meshes of a net, or in a web. Observe whether the fly is completely immeshed. The spider used his efforts to immesh the scorpion.

Goldsmith.

Immeshed

IMMESH'ED, participle passive Entangled in meshes or webs.

Immeshing

IMMESH'ING, participle of the present tense Entangling in meshes or webs.

Immethodical

IMMETHOD'ICAL, adjective [in and methodical. See Method.]

Having no method; without systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused.

Addison.

Immethodically

IMMETHOD'ICALLY, adverb Without order or regularity; irregularly.

Immethodicalness

IMMETHOD'ICALNESS, noun Want of method; confusion.

Immigrant

IM'MIGRANT, noun A person that removes into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.

Immigrate

IM'MIGRATE, verb intransitive [Latin immigro; in and migro, to migrate.]

To remove into a country for the purpose of permanent residence. [See Emigrate.]

Belknap.

Immigration

IMMIGRA'TION, noun The passing or removing into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.

Imminence

IM'MINENCE, noun [Latin imminentia, immineo, to hang over.]

Properly, a hanging over, but used by Shakspeare for impending evil or danger. [Little used.]

Imminent

IM'MINENT, adjective [Latin imminens, from immineo, to hang over; in and minor, to threaten. See Menace.]

Literally, shooting over; hence, hanging over; impending; threatening; near; appearing as if about to fall on; used of evils; as imminent danger; imminent judgments, evils or death.

Hooker. Milton.

Immingle

IMMIN'GLE, verb transitive [in and mingle.] To mingle; to mix; to unite with numbers.

Thomson.

Immingled

IMMIN'GLED, participle passive Mixed; mingled.

Immingling

IMMIN'GLING, participle of the present tense Mixing; mingling.

Imminution

IMMINU'TION, noun [Latin imminutio, imminuo; in and minuo, to lessen.] A lessening; diminution; decrease.

Ray.

Immiscibility

IMMISCIBIL'ITY, noun [Latin immisceo; in and misceo, to mix.] Incapacity of being mixed.

Immiscible

IMMIS'CIBLE, adjective [in and miscible.] Not capable of being mixed.

Med. Repos.

Immission

IMMIS'SION, noun [Latin immissio, immitto; in and mitto, to send.]

The act of sending or thrusting in; injection; contrary to emission.

Immit

IMMIT', verb transitive [Latin immitto; in and mitto, to send.] To send in; to inject.

Greenhill.

Immitigable

IMMIT'IGABLE, adjective [in and mitigate.] That cannot be mitigated or appeased.

Harris.

Immix

IMMIX', verb transitive [in and mix.] To mix; to mingle.

Immixable

IMMIX'ABLE, adjective Not capable of being mixed.

Wilkins.

Immixed

IMMIX'ED, or IMMIXT', adjective Unmixed.

Herbert.

Immobility

IMMOBIL'ITY, noun [French immobilitÃƒ-©; Latin immobilitas, from immobilis; in and mobilis, from moveo, to move.]

Unmovableness; fixedness in place or state; resistance to motion.

Arbuthnot.

Immoderacy

IMMOD'ERACY, noun Excess.

Brown.

Immoderate

IMMOD'ERATE, adjective [Latin immoderatus; in and moderatus. See Moderate.]

Exceeding just or usual bounds; not confined to suitable limits; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as immoderate demands; immoderate passions, cares or grief.

Immoderately

IMMOD'ERATELY, adverb Excessively; to an undue degree; unreasonably; as, to weep immoderately.

Immoderateness

IMMOD'ERATENESS, noun Excess; extravagance.

Shelford.

Immoderation

IMMOD'ERATION, noun Excess; want of moderation.

Hammond.

Immodest

IMMOD'EST, adjective [French immodeste; Latin immodestus; in and modestus, modest. See the latter.]

1. Literally, not limited to due bounds. Hence, in a general sense, immoderate; exorbitant; unreasonable; arrogant.

2. Appropriately, wanting in the reserve or restraint which decency requires; wanting in decency and delicacy. It is immodest to treat superiors with the familiarity that is customary among equals.

3. Wanting in chastity; unchaste; lewd; as an immodest female.

4. Impure; indelicate; as an immodest thought.

Dryden.

5. Obscene; as an immodest word.

Immodestly

IMMOD'ESTLY, adverb Without due reserve; indecently; unchastely; obscenely.

Immodesty

IMMOD'ESTY, noun [Latin immodestia.] Want of modesty; indecency; unchastity.

2. Want of delicacy or decent reserve.

Immolate

IM'MOLATE, verb transitive [French immoler; Latin immolo, to sacrifice; in and mola, meal sprinkled with salt, which was thrown on the head of the victim.]

1. To sacrifice; to kill, as a victim offered in sacrifice.

Boyle.

2. To offer in sacrifice.

Now immolate the tongues and mix the wine.

Pope.

Immolated

IM'MOLATED, participle passive Sacrificed; offered in sacrifice.

From the same altar on which the small states shall be immolated, will rise the smoke of sacrificed liberty, and despotism must be the dreadful successor.

U. Tracy.

Immolating

IM'MOLATING, participle of the present tense Sacrificing; offering, as a victim.

Immolation

IMMOLA'TION, noun The act of sacrificing.

Brown.

2. A sacrifice offered.

Immolator

IM'MOLATOR, noun One who offers in sacrifice.

Immoment

IMMO'MENT, adjective Trifling. [Not English.]

Shak.

Immomentous

IMMOMENT'OUS, adjective Unimportant.

Seward.

Immoral

IMMOR'AL, adjective [in and moral.] Inconsistent with moral rectitude; contrary to the moral or divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious. Every action is immoral which contravenes any divine precept, or which is contrary to the duties which men owe to each other.

2. Wicked or unjust in practice; vicious; dishonest; as an immoral man. Every man who violates a divine law or a social duty, is immoral, but we particularly apply the term to a person who habitually violates the laws.

Immorality

IMMORAL'ITY, noun Any act or practice which contravenes the divine commands or the social duties. Injustice, dishonesty, fraud, slander, profaneness, gaming, intemperance, lewdness, are immoralities. All crimes are immoralities; but crime expresses more than immorality.

Immorally

IMMOR'ALLY, adverb Wickedly; viciously; in violation of law or duty.

Immorigerous

IMMORIG'EROUS, adjective [Low Latin immoriger.] Rude; uncivil.

Stackhouse.

Immorigerousness

IMMORIG'EROUSNESS, noun Rudeness; disobedience.

Bp. Taylor.

Immortal

IMMOR'TAL, adjective [Latin immortalis. See Mortal.]

1. Having no principle of alteration or corruption; exempt from death; having life or being that shall never end; as an immortal soul.

To the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honor and glory forever. 1 Timothy 1.

2. Never ending; everlasting; continual.

I have

Immortal longings in me.

Shak.

3. Perpetual; having unlimited existence. A corporation is called an immortal being.

4. Destined to live in all the ages of this world; imperishable; as immortal fame. So Homer is called the immortal bard.

Immortality

IMMORTAL'ITY, noun The quality of never ceasing to live or exist; exemption from death and annihilation; life destined to endure without end; as the immortality of the human soul.

Ã‚--Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. 2 Timothy 1.

2. Exemption from oblivion.

3. Perpetuity; existence not limited; as the immortality of a corporation.

J. Marshall.

Immortalization

IMMORTALIZA'TION, noun The act of immortalizing.

Immortalize

IMMOR'TALIZE, verb transitive [French immortaliser; Spanish immortalizar.]

1. To render immortal; to make perpetual; to cause to live or exist while the world shall endure. The Iliad has immortalized the name of Homer.

Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his guilty name.

T. Dawes.

2. To exempt from oblivion; to make perpetual.

Immortalize

IMMOR'TALIZE, verb intransitive To become immortal. [Not in use.]

Pope.

Immortalized

IMMOR'TALIZED, participle passive Rendered immortal or perpetual.

Immortalizing

IMMOR'TALIZING, participle of the present tense Making immortal or perpetual.

Immortally

IMMOR'TALLY, adverb With endless existence; with exemption from death.

Immortification

IMMORTIFICA'TION, noun [in and mortification.] Want of subjection of the passions.

Bp. Taylor.

Immovability

IMMOVABIL'ITY, noun Stedfastness that cannot be moved or shaken.

Immovable

IMMOV'ABLE, adjective [in and movable.] That cannot be moved from its place; as an immovable foundation.

2. Not to be moved from a purpose; stedfast; fixed; that cannot be induced to change or alter; as a man who remains immovable.

3. That cannot be altered or shaken; unalterable; unchangeable; as an immovable purpose or resolution.

4. That cannot be affected or moved; not impressible; not susceptible of compassion or tender feelings; unfeeling.

Dryden.

5. Fixed; not liable to be removed; permanent in place; as immovable estate.

Blackstone. Ayliffe.

6. Not to be shaken or agitated.

Immovableness

IMMOV'ABLENESS, noun The quality of being immovable.

Immovably

IMMOV'ABLY, adverb In a manner not to be moved from its place or purpose; or in a manner not to be shaken; unalterably; unchangeably. Immovably firm to their duty; immovably fixed or established.

Immund

IMMUND', adjective [Latin immundus.] Unclean.

Immundicity

IMMUNDIC'ITY, noun Uncleanness.

Mountagu.

Immunity

IMMU'NITY, noun [French immunitÃƒ-©; Latin immunitas, from immunis, free, exempt; in and munus, charge, office, duty.]

1. Freedom or exemption from obligation. To be exempted from observing the rites or duties of the church, is an immunity.

2. Exemption from any charge, duty, office, tax or imposition; a particular privilege; as the immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the clergy.

3. Freedom; as an immunity from error.

Dryden.

Immure

IMMU'RE, verb transitive [Norm. emmurrer, to wall in; Swedish inmura; Latin in and murus, a wall.]

1. To inclose within walls; to shut up; to confine; as, to immure nuns in cloisters. The student immures himself voluntarily.

2. To wall; to surround with walls.

Lysimachus immured it with a wall. [Not usual.]

Sandys.

3. To imprison.

Denham.

Immure

IMMU'RE, noun A wall. [Not used.]

Shak.

Immured

IMMU'RED, participle passive Confined within walls.

Immusical

IMMU'SICAL, adjective [in and musical.] Not musical; inharmonious; not accordant; harsh.

Bacon. Brown.

Immutability

IMMUTABIL'ITY, noun [French immutabilitÃƒ-©; Latin immutabilitas; in and mutabilis, mutable, from muto, to change.]

Unchangeableness; the quality that renders change or alteration impossible; invariableness. Immutability is an attribute of God.

Immutable

IMMU'TABLE, adjective [Latin immutabilis; in and mutabilis.]

Unchangeable; invariable; unalterable; not capable or susceptible of change.

That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have strong consolation. Hebrews 6.

Immutableness

IMMU'TABLENESS, noun Unchangeableness; immutability.

Immutably

IMMU'TABLY, adverb Unchangeably; unalterably; invariably; in a manner that admits of no change.

Boyle.

Immutate

IMMU'TATE, adjective [Latin immutatus.] Unchanged.

Lee.

Immutation

IMMUTA'TION, noun [Latin immutatio.] Change; alteration.

More.

Imp

IMP, noun [Welsh imp, a shoot or cion; Swedish ymp, Danish ympe, id.]

1. A son; offspring; progeny.

The tender imp was weaned.

Fairfax.

A lad of life, an imp of fame.

Shak.

2. A subaltern or puny devil.

Hooker. Milton.

Imp

IMP, verb transitive [Welsh impiaw, German impfen, Swedish ympa, Danish ymper, to engraft; Dutch ent, a graft; enten, to engraft.]

1. To graft.

Chaucer.

2. To lengthen; to extend or enlarge by something inserted or added; a term originally used by falconers, who repair a hawk's wing by adding fethers.

Imp out our drooping country's broken wings.

Shak.

Ã‚--The false north displays

Her broken league to imp her serpent wings.

Milton.

This verb is, I believe, used only in poetry.

Impacable

IMPA'CABLE, adjective [Latin in and paco, to appease.]

Not to be appeased or quieted.

Spenser.

Impact

IMPACT', verb transitive [Latin impactus, from impingo; in and pango, to drive.]

To drive close; to press or drive firmly together.

Woodward.

Impact

IM'PACT, noun Touch; impression.

Darwin.

Impacted

IMPACT'ED, participle passive Driven hard; made close by driving.

Woodward.

Impaint

IMPA'INT, verb transitive To paint; to adorn with colors.

Shak.

Impair

IMPA'IR, verb transitive [French empirer; Spanish empeorar; Portugese empeiorar, from peior, worse, Spanish peor, French pire, from Latin pejor.]

1. To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value or excellence. An estate is impaired by extravagance or neglect. The profligate impairs his estate and his reputation. Imprudence impairs a man's usefulness.

2. To weaken; to enfeeble. The constitution is impaired by intemperance, by infirmity and by age. The force of evidence may be impaired by the suspicion of interest in the witness.

Impair

IMPA'IR, verb intransitive To be lessened or worn out. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Impair

IM'PAIR, adjective [Latin impar, unequal.] In crystalography, when a different number of faces is presented by the prism, and by each summit; but the three numbers follow no law of progression.

Cleaveland.

Impair

IMPA'IR, or IMPA'IRMENT, noun Diminution; decrease; injury. [Not used.]

Brown.

Impaired

IMPA'IRED, participle passive Diminished; injured; weakened.

Impairer

IMPA'IRER, noun He or that which impairs.

Warburton.

Impairing

IMPA'IRING, participle of the present tense Making worse; lessening; injuring; enfeebling.

Impalatable

IMPAL'ATABLE, adjective Unpalatable. [Little used.]

Impale

IMPA'LE, verb transitive [Latin in and palus, a pole, a stake.]

1. To fix on a stake; to put to death by fixing on an upright sharp stake. [See Empale.]

2. To inclose with stakes, posts or palisades.

3. In heraldry, to join two coats of arms pale-wise.

Encyc.

Impallid

IMPAL'LID, verb transitive To make pallid or pale. [Not in use.]

Feltham.

Impalm

IMP'ALM, v. t. imp'am. [Latin in and palma, the hand.]

To grasp; to take in the hand.

J. Barlow.

Impalpability

IMPALPABIL'ITY, noun The quality of not being palpable, or perceptible by the touch.

Jortin.

Impalpable

IMPAL'PABLE, adjective [French from Latin in and palpo, to feel. [See Palpable.]

Not to be felt; that cannot be perceived by the touch; as an impalpable powder, whose parts are so minute that they cannot be distinguished by the senses, particlarly by feeling.

Encyc.

2. Not coarse or gross.

Warton.

Impalsy

IMPAL'SY, v. t. s as z. [in and palsy.] To strike with palsy; to paralize; to deaden.

Impanate

IM'PANATE, adjective [Latin in and panis, bread.] Embodied in bread.

Cranmer.

Impanate

IM'PANATE, verb transitive To embody with bread.

Waterland.

Impanation

IMPANA'TION, noun The supposed substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ, with the substance of the bread and wine, after consecration, in the eucharist; a tenet of the Lutheran church; otherwise called consubstantiation.

Encyc.

Impannel

IMPAN'NEL, verb transitive [in and pannel.] To write or enter the names of a jury in a list or on a piece of parchment, called a pannel; to form, complete or enroll a list of jurors in a court of justice.

Impanneled

IMPAN'NELED, participle passive Having the names entered in a pannel; formed, as a jury.

Impanneling

IMPAN'NELING, participle of the present tense Writing the names on a pannel; forming, as a jury.

Imparadise

IMPAR'ADISE, verb transitive [Italian imparadisare; in and paradise.]

To put in a place of felicity; to make happy.

Imparadised

IMPAR'ADISED, participle passive Placed in a condition resembling that of paradise; made happy.

Imparadising

IMPAR'ADISING, participle of the present tense Making very happy.

Imparalleled

IMPAR'ALLELED, adjective Unparalleled. [Not used.]

Burnet.

Imparasyllabic

IMPARASYLLAB'IC, adjective [Latin in, par, and syllaba.]

Not consisting of an equal number of syllables. An imparasyllabic noun is one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases; as lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis.

Bryant.

Impardonable

IMP`ARDONABLE, adjective Unpardonable.

South.

Imparity

IMPAR'ITY, noun [in and parity; Latin par, equal.]

1. Inequality; disproportion.

Bacon.

2. Oddness; indivisibility into equal parts.

Brown.

3. Difference of degree, rank or excellence

Sancroft.

Impark

IMP`ARK, verb transitive [in and park.] To inclose for a park; to make a park by inclosure; to sever from a common.

Johnson.

Imparl

IMP`ARL, verb transitive [Norm. emperler; in and French parler, to speak.]

To hold mutual discourse; appropriately, in law, to have licence to settle a lawsuit amicably; to have delay for mutual adjustment.

Blackstone.

Imparlance

IMP`ARLANCE, noun Properly, leave for mutual discourse; appropriately, in law, the licence or privilege of a defendant, granted on motion, to have delay of trial, to see if he can settle the matter amicably by talking with the plaintiff, and thus to determine what answer he shall make to the plaintiff's action. Hence,

2. The continuance of a cause till another day, or from day to day.

Blackstone.

Imparsonee

IMPARSONEE', adjective A parson imparsonee, is a parson presented, instituted and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession.

Blackstone.

Impart

IMP`ART, verb transitive [Latin impertior; in and partio, to divide; from pars, a part.]

1. To give, grant or communicate; to bestow on another a share or portion of something; as, to impart a portion of provisions to the poor.

2. To grant; to give; to confer; as, to impart honor or favor.

3. To communicate the knowledge of something; to make known; to show by words or tokens.

Gentle lady,

When first I did impart my love to youÃ‚--

Shak. Milton.

Impartance

IMP`ARTANCE, noun Communication of a share; grant.

Impartation

IMPARTA'TION, noun The act of imparting or conferring. [Not much used.]

Chauncey.

Imparted

IMP`ARTED, participle passive Communicated; granted; conferred.

Impartial

IMP`ARTIAL, adjective [in and partial, from part, Latin pars.]

1. Not partial; not biased in favor of one party more than another; indifferent; unprejudiced; disinterested; as an impartial judge or arbitrator.

2. Not favoring one party more than another; equitable; just; as an impartial judgment or decision; an impartial opinion.

Impartialist

IMP`ARTIALIST, noun One who is impartial. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Impartiality

IMPARTIAL'ITY, n. imparshal'ity. Indifference of opinion or judgment; freedom from bias in favor of one side or party more than another; disinterestedness. Impartiality is indispensable to an upright judge.

2. Equitableness; justice; as the impartiality of a decision.

Impartially

IMP`ARTIALLY, adverb Without bias of judgment; without prejudice; without inclination to favor one party or side more than another; equitably; justly.

Impartibility

IMPARTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of not being subject to partition.

2. The quality of being capable of being communicated.

Impartible

IMP`ARTIBLE, adjective [Spanish impartible; in and partible.]

1. Not partible or subject to partition; as an impartible estate.

Blackstone.

2. [from impart.] That may be imparted, conferred, bestowed or communicated.

Digby.

Imparting

IMP`ARTING, participle of the present tense Communicating; granting; bestowing.

Impartment

IMP`ARTMENT, noun The act of imparting; the communication of knowledge; disclosure.

Shak.

Impassable

IMP`ASSABLE, adjective [in and passable. See Pass.]

That cannot be passed; not admitting a passage; as an impassable road, mountain or gulf.

Milton. Temple.

Impassableness

IMP`ASSABLENESS, noun The state of being impassable.

Impassably

IMP`ASSABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that prevents passing, or the power of passing.

Impassibility

IMPASSIBIL'ITY, or IMPAS'SIBLENESS, noun [from impassible.] Exemption from pain or suffering; insusceptibility of injury from external things.

Dryden.

Impassible

IMPAS'SIBLE, adjective [French impassible; Spanish impasible; Latin impassibilis, from passus, patior, to suffer.]

Incapable of pain, passion or suffering; that cannot be affected with pain or uneasiness. Whatever is destitute of sensation is impassible.

Though naked and impassible, depart.

Dryden.

Impassion

IMPAS'SION, verb transitive [in and passion.] To move or affect strongly with passion.

Impassionate

IMPAS'SIONATE, verb transitive To affect powerfully.

More.

Impassionate

IMPAS'SIONATE, adjective Strongly affected.

2. Without passion or feeling.

Burton.

Impassioned

IMPAS'SIONED, adjective Actuated or agitated by passion.

The tempter all impassioned, thus began.

Milton.

2. Animated; excited; having the feelings warmed; as an impassioned orator.

3. Animated; expressive of passion or ardor; as an impassioned discourse.

Impassive

IMPAS'SIVE, adjective [Latin in and passus, patior, to suffer.]

Not susceptible of pain or suffering; as the impassive air; impassive ice.

Dryden. Pope.

Impassively

IMPAS'SIVELY, adverb Without sensibility to pain or suffering.

Impassiveness

IMPAS'SIVENESS, noun The state of being insusceptible of pain.

Mountagu.

Impassivity

IMPASSIV'ITY, noun The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain or suffering.

Pausanias, Trans.

Impastation

IMPASTA'TION, noun [in and paste.] The mixtion of various materials of different colors and consistences, baked or united by a cement, and hardened by the air or by fire.

Chambers.

Impaste

IMPA'STE, verb transitive [French empÃƒ-¢ter; in and pÃƒ-¢te, paste.]

1. To knead; to make into paste.

2. In painting, to lay on colors thick and bold.

Impasted

IMPA'STED, adjective Concreted, as into paste.

Shak.

2. Pasted over; covered with paste, or with thick paint.

Impatible

IMPAT'IBLE, adjective [Latin impatibilis.] Intolerable; that cannot be borne.

Impatience

IMPA'TIENCE, noun [French; Latin impatientia, from impatiens; in and patior, to suffer.]

Uneasiness under pain or suffering; the not enduring pain with composure; restlessness occasioned by suffering positive evil, or the absence of expected good. Impatience is not rage, nor absolute inability to bear pain; but it implies want of fortitude, or of its exercise. It usually springs from irritability of temper.

Impatient

IMPA'TIENT, adjective [Latin impatiens.] Uneasy or fretful under suffering; not bearing pain with composure; not enduring evil without fretfulness, uneasiness, and a desire or effort to get rid of the evil. Young men are impatient of restraint. We are all apt to be impatient under wrongs; but it is a christian duty not to be impatient in sickness, or under any afflictive dispensation of Providence.

2. Not suffering quietly; not enduring.

Fame, impatient of extremes, decays Not more by envy than excess of praise.

Pope.

3. Hasty; eager; not enduring delay. The impatient man will not wait for information; he often acts with precipitance. Be not impatient for the return of spring.

4. Not to be borne; as impatient smart.

Spenser.

This word is followed by of, at, for, or under. We are impatient of restraint, or of wrongs; impatient at the delay of expected good; impatient for the return of a friend, or for the arrival of the mail; impatient under evils of any kind. The proper use of these particles can be learnt only by practice or observation.

Impatient

IMPA'TIENT, noun One who is restless under suffering. [Unusual.]

Impatiently

IMPA'TIENTLY, adverb With uneasiness or restlessness; as, to bear disappointment impatiently.

2. With eager desire causing uneasiness; as, to wait impatiently for the arrival of one's friend.

3. Passionately; ardently.

Clarendon.

Impatronization

IMPATRONIZA'TION, noun Absolute seignory or possession.

Cotgrave.

Impatronize

IMPAT'RONIZE, verb transitive [French impatroniser.] To gain to one's self the power of any seignory.

Bacon.

Impawn

IMPAWN', verb transitive [in and pawn.] To pawn; to pledge; to deposit as security.

Shak.

Impeach

IMPE'ACH, verb transitive [French empÃƒ-ªcher; Armoric ampeich, ampechein; Portugese Spanish empachar; Italian impacciare; to hinder, to stop. It signifies also in Portuguese, to surfeit, to overload, to glut. It belongs to the family of pack; Latin pango, pactus; Arabic bakka, to press or compress. Class Bg. No. 18. 20. 61. The literal sense of impeach is to thrust or send against; hence, to hinder, to stop.]

1. To hinder; to impede. This sense is found in our early writers.

These ungracious practices of his sons did unpeach his journey to the Holy Land.

Davies.

A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance.

Howell.

[This application of the word is obsolete.]

2. To accuse; to charge with a crime or misdemeanor; but appropriately, to exhibit charges of maladministration against a public officer before a competent tribunal, that is, to send or put on, to load. The word is now restricted to accusations made by authority; as, to impeach a judge. [See Impeachment.]

3. To accuse; to censure; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct.

4. To call to account; to charge as answerable.

Impeach

IMPE'ACH, noun Hinderance. Obs.

Impeachable

IMPE'ACHABLE, adjective Liable to accusation; chargeable with a crime; accusable; censurable.

2. Liable to be called in question; accountable.

Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste.

Z. Swift.

Impeached

IMPE'ACHED, participle passive Hindered. Obs.

2. Accused; charged with a crime, misdemeanor or wrong; censured.

The first donee in tail may commit waste, without being impeached.

Z. Swift.

Impeacher

IMPE'ACHER, noun An accuser by authority; one who calls in question.

Impeaching

IMPE'ACHING, participle of the present tense Hindering. Obs.

2. Accusing by authority; calling in question the purity or rectitude of conduct or motives.

Impeachment

IMPE'ACHMENT, noun Hinderance; impediment; stop; obstruction. Obs.

Spenser. Shak.

2. An accusation or charge brought against a public officer for maladministration in his office. In Great Britain, it is the privilege or right of the house of commons to impeach, and the right of the house of lords to try and determine impeachments. In the U. States, it is the right of the house of representatives to impeach, and of the senate to try and determine impeachments. In Great Britain, the house of peers, and in the U. States, the senate of the United States, and the senates in the several states, are the high courts of impeachment.

3. The act of impeaching.

4. Censure; accusation; a calling in question the purity of motives or the rectitude of conduct, &c. This declaration is no impeachment of his motives or of his judgment.

5. The act of calling to account, as for waste.

6. The state of being liable to account, as for waste.

Impearl

IMPEARL, v. t. imperl'. [in and pearl.] To form in the resemblance of pearls.

Ã‚--Dew-drops which the sun Impearls on every leaf, and every flower.

Milton.

2. To decorate with pearls, or with things resembling pearls.

The dews of the morning impearl every thorn.

Digby.

Impeccability

IMPECCABIL'ITY, or IMPEC'CANCY, noun [See Impeccable.] The quality of not being liable to sin; exemption from sin, error or offense.

Pope.

Impeccable

IMPEC'CABLE, adjective [Spanish impecable; French impeccable; in and Spanish pecable, French peccable, from Latin pecco, to err, to sin.]

Not liable to sin; not subject to sin; exempt from the possibility of sinning. No mere man is impeccable.

Impede

IMPE'DE, verb transitive [Spanish impedir; Italian impedire; Latin impedio; supposed to be compounded of in and pedes, feet, to catch or entangle the feet.]

To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the progress of troops.

Impeded

IMPE'DED, participle passive Hindered; stopped; obstructed.

Impediment

IMPED'IMENT, noun [Latin impedimentum.] That which hinders progress or motion; hinderance; obstruction; obstacle; applicable to every subject, physical or moral. Bad roads are impediments in marching and travelling. Idleness and dissipation are impediments to improvement. The cares of life are impediments to the progress of vital religion.

2. That which prevents distinct articulation; as an impediment in speech.

Impediment

IMPED'IMENT, verb transitive To impede. [Not in use.]

Bp. Reynolds.

Impedimental

IMPEDIMENT'AL, adjective Hindering; obstructing.

Mountagu.

Impeding

IMPE'DING, participle of the present tense Hindering; stopping; obstructing.

Impedite

IM'PEDITE, verb transitive To impede. [Not in use.]

Impeditive

IMPED'ITIVE, adjective Causing hinderance.

Sanderson.

Impel

IMPEL', verb transitive [Spanish impeler; Italian impellere; Latin impello; in and pello, to drive.]

To drive or urge forward; to press on; to excite to action or to move forward, by the application of physical force, or moral suasion or necessity. A ball is impelled by the force of powder; a ship is impelled by wind; a man may be impelled by hunger or a regard to his safety; motives of policy or of safety impel nations to confederate.

The surge impelled me on a craggy coast.

Pope.

And several men impel to several ends.

Pope.

Impelled

IMPEL'LED, participle passive Driven forward; urged on; moved by any force or power, physical or moral.

Impellent

IMPEL'LENT, noun A power or force that drives forward; impulsive power.

Glanville.

Impeller

IMPEL'LER, noun He or that which impels.

Impelling

IMPEL'LING, participle of the present tense Driving forward; urging; pressing.

Impen

IMPEN', verb transitive [in and pen.] To pen; to shut or inclose in a narrow place.

Feltham.

Impend

IMPEND, verb intransitive [Latin impendeo; in and pendeo, to hang.]

1. To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten. A dark cloud impends over the land.

Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends.

Pope.

2. To be near; to be approaching and ready to fall on.

It expresses our deep sense of God's impending wrath.

Smalridge.

Nor bear advices of impending foes.

Pope.

Impendence

IMPEND'ENCE, or IMPEND'ENCY, noun The state of hanging over; near approach; a menacing attitude.

Hammond.

Impendent

IMPEND'ENT, adjective Hanging over; imminent; threatening; pressing closely; as an impendent evil.

Hale.

Impending

IMPEND'ING, participle of the present tense Hanging over; approaching near; threatening.

Impenetrability

IMPENETRABIL'ITY, noun [from impenetrable.]

1. The quality of being impenetrable.

2. In philosophy, that quality of matter which prevents two bodies from occupying the same space at the same time.

Good.

3. Insusceptibility of intellectual impression.

Johnson.

Impenetrable

IMPEN'ETRABLE, adjective [Latin impenetrabilis; in and penetrabilis, from penetro, to penetrate.]

1. That cannot be penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies; as an impenetrable shield.

2. Not to be affected or moved; not admitting impressions on the mind. The hardened sinner remains impenetrable to the admonitions of the gospel.

3. Not to be entered by the sight; as impenetrable darkness. Hence,

4. Not to be entered and viewed by the eye of the intellect; as impenetrable obscurity or abstruseness.

Impenetrableness

IMPEN'ETRABLENESS, noun Impenetrability, which see.

Impenetrably

IMPEN'ETRABLY, adverb With solidity that admits not of being penetrated.

2. With hardness that admits not of impression; as impenetrably dull.

Pope.

Impenitence

IMPEN'ITENCE, or IMPEN'ITENCY, noun [French impenitence; Spanish impenitencia; Italian impenitenza; Latin in and poenitens, from poeniteo, to repent, poenitens, pain.]

Want of penitence or repentance; absence of contrition or sorrow for sin; obduracy; hardness of heart. Final impenitence dooms the sinner to inevitable punishment.

He will advance from one degree of impenitence to another.

Rogers.

Impenitent

IMPEN'ITENT, adjective [French; in and penitent, supra.]

Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; obdurate; of a hard heart.

They died Impenitent.

Milton.

Impenitent

IMPEN'ITENT, noun One who does not repent; a hardened sinner.

Impenitently

IMPEN'ITENTLY, adverb Without repentance or contrition for sin; obdurately.

Impennous

IMPEN'NOUS, adjective [in and pennous.] Wanting wings.

Impeople

IMPE'OPLE, verb transitive To form into a community. [See People.]

Beaum.

Imperate

IM'PERATE, adjective [Latin imperatus, impero, to command.]

Done by impulse or direction of the mind. [Not used.]

South. Hale.

Imperative

IMPER'ATIVE, adjective [French imperatif; Latin imperativus, from impero, to command. See Empire.]

1. Commanding; expressive of command; containing positive command, as distinguished from advisory, or discretionary. The orders are imperative.

2. In grammar, the imperative mode of a verb is that which expresses command, entreaty, advice or exhortation; as, go, write, attend.

Imperatively

IMPER'ATIVELY, adverb With command; authoritatively.

Imperatorial

IMPERATO'RIAL, adjective Commanding. [Not in use.]

Norris.

Imperceptible

IMPERCEP'TIBLE, adjective [French; in and perceptible.]

1. Not to be perceived; not to be known or discovered by the senses. We say a thing is imperceptible to the touch, to the eye or sight, to the ear, to the taste or smell. Hence,

2. Very small; fine; minute in dimensions; or very slow in motion or progress; as, the growth of a plant or animal is imperceptible; it is too slow to be perceived by the eye.

Imperceptible

IMPERCEP'TIBLE, noun That which cannot be perceived by the senses on account of its smallness. [Little used.]

Tatler.

Imperceptibleness

IMPERCEP'TIBLENESS, noun The quality of being imperceptible.

Hale.

Imperceptibly

IMPERCEP'TIBLY, adverb In a manner not to be perceived.

Addison.

Impercipient

IMPERCIP'IENT, adjective Not perceiving or having power to perceive.

Baxter.

Imperdible

IMPER'DIBLE, adjective Not destructible. [Not a legitimate word.]

Imperfect

IMPER'FECT, adjective [Latin imperfectus; in and perfectus, finished, perfect; perficio, to perfect; per and facio, to make.]

1. Not finished; not complete. The work or design is imperfect.

2. Defective; not entire, sound or whole; wanting a part; impaired. The writings of Livy are imperfect.

3. Not perfect in intellect; liable to err; as, men are imperfect; our minds and understandings are imperfect.

4. Not perfect in a moral view; not according to the laws of God, or the rules of right. Our services and obedience are imperfect.

5. In grammar, the imperfect tense denotes an action in time past, then present, but not finished.

6. In music, incomplete; not having all the accessary sounds; as an imperfect chord. An imperfect interval is one which does not contain its complement of simple sounds.

Busby.

Imperfection

IMPERFEC'TION, noun [French from Latin imperfectio, supra.]

Defect; fault; the want of a part or of something necessary to complete a thing; equally applicable to physical or moral subjects. When fruit fails to come to maturity, and after it begins to decay, we denominate the defect, an imperfection. Laws sometimes fail of the intended effect, either from their imperfection, or from the imperfection of the administration. Men are all chargeable with imperfections, both in character and in conduct.

Imperfectly

IMPER'FECTLY, adverb In an imperfect manner or degree; not fully; not entirely; not completely; not in the best manner; not without fault or failure.

Imperfectness

IMPER'FECTNESS, noun The state of being imperfect.

Imperforable

IMPER'FORABLE, adjective [infra.] That cannot be perforated or bored through.

Imperforate

IMPER'FORATE, adjective [Latin in and perforatus, perforo.]

Not perforated or pierced; having no opening.

Sharpe.

Imperforated

IMPER'FORATED, adjective Not perforated.

Brown.

2. Having no pores.

Sir J. Banks.

Imperforation

IMPERFORA'TION, noun The state of being not perforated, or without any aperture.

Imperial

IMPE'RIAL, adjective [French from Latin imperialis, from impero, to command. See Emperor.]

1. Pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as an imperial government; an imperial diadem; imperial authority or edict; imperial power or sway.

2. Royal; belonging to a monarch; as an imperial palace; imperial arts.

Dryden.

3. Pertaining to royalty; denoting sovereignty.

4. Commanding; maintaining supremacy; as the imperial democracy of Athens.

Mitford.

Imperial chamber, the sovereign court of the German empire.

Encyc.

Imperial city, a city in Germany which has no head but the emperor.

Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German empire.

Encyc.

Imperialist

IMPE'RIALIST, noun One who belongs to an emperor; a subject or soldier of an emperor. The denomination, imperialists, is often given to the troops or armies of the emperor of Austria.

Imperiality

IMPERIAL'ITY, noun Imperial power.

2. The right of an emperor to a share of the produce of mines, &c.

The late empress having by ukases of grace, relinquished her imperialities on the private mines, viz. the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and goldÃ‚--

Tooke.

Imperially

IMPE'RIALLY, adverb In a royal manner.

Imperil

IMPER'IL, verb transitive [in and peril.] To bring into danger.

Spenser.

Imperious

IMPE'RIOUS, adjective [Latin imperiosus; Italian Spanish imperioso; French imperieux. See Imperial.]

1. Commanding; dictatorial; haughty; arrogant; overbearing; domineering; as an imperious tyrant; an imperious dictator; an imperious man; an imperious temper.

More. Shak.

2. Commanding; indicating an imperious temper; authoritative; as imperious words.

Locke.

3. Powerful; overbearing; not to be opposed by obstacles; as a man of a vast and imperious mind.

Tillotson.

4. Commanding; urgent; pressing; as imperious love; imperious circumstances; imperious appetite.

Dryden. S. S. Smith.

5. Authoritative; commanding with rightful authority.

The commandment high and imperious in its claims.

Dutch A. Clark.

Imperiously

IMPE'RIOUSLY, adverb With arrogance of command; with a haughty air of authority; in a domineering manner.

South.

2. With urgency or force not to be opposed.

Imperiousness

IMPE'RIOUSNESS, noun Authority; air of command.

South.

2. Arrogance of command; haughtiness.

Imperiousness and severity is an ill way of treating men who have reason to guide them.

Locke.

Imperishable

IMPER'ISHABLE, adjective [French imperissable; in and perish.]

Not subject to decay; not liable to perish; indestructible; enduring permanently; as an imperishable monument; imperishable renown.

Elegant discourses on virtueÃ‚--will not supply the consolations of imperishable hope.

Imperishableness

IMPER'ISHABLENESS, noun The quality of being imperishable.

Impermanence

IMPER'MANENCE, noun Want of permanence or continued duration.

Welsh Mountague.

Impermanent

IMPER'MANENT, adjective [in and permanent.] Not permanent; not enduring.

Gregory.

Impermeability

IMPERMEABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being impermeable by a fluid.

Cavallo. Asiat. Res.

Impermeable

IMPER'MEABLE, adjective [Latin in and permeo; per and meo, to pass.]

Not to be passed through the pores by a fluid; as impermeable lether.

Impersonal

IMPER'SONAL, adjective [French impersonnel; Latin impersonalis; in and personalis, from persona. See Person.]

In grammar, an impersonal verb is one which is not employed with the first and second persons, I and thou or you, and ye, for nominatives, and which has no variation of ending to express them, but is used only with the termination of the third person singular, with it for a nominative in English, and without a nominative in Latin; as, it rains; it becomes us to be modest; Latin toedet; libet; pugnatur.

Impersonality

IMPERSONAL'ITY, noun Indistinction of personality.

Draper.

Impersonally

IMPER'SONALLY, adverb In the manner of an impersonal verb.

Impersonate

IMPER'SONATE, verb transitive To personify.

Warton.

Impersonated

IMPER'SONATED, adjective Made persons of. [See Personated.]

Warton.

Imperspicuous

IMPERSPIC'UOUS, noun Want of perspicuity, or clearness to the mind.

Imperspicuous

IMPERSPIC'UOUS, adjective [in and perspicuous.] Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure.

Bailey.

Impersuasible

IMPERSUA'SIBLE, adjective [Latin in and persuasibilis. See Persuade.]

Not to be moved by persuasion; not yielding to arguments.

Decay of Piety.

Impertinence

IMPER'TINENCE, or IMPER'TINENCY, noun [French impertinence, from Latin impertinens; in and pertinens, pertineo, to pertain; per and teneo, to hold.]

1. That which is not pertinent; that which does not belong to the subject in hand; that which is of no weight.

Bacon.

2. The state of not being pertinent.

3. Folly; rambling thought. [Little used.]

Shak.

4. Rudeness; improper intrusion; interference by word or conduct which is not consistent with the age or station of the person. [This is the most usual sense.]

We should avoid the vexation and impertinence of pedants.

Swift.

5. A trifle; a thing of little or no value.

There are many subtile impertinencies learnt in schoolsÃ‚--

Watts.

Impertinent

IMPER'TINENT, adjective [Latin impertinens, supra.]

1. Not pertaining to the matter in hand; of no weight; having no bearing on the subject; as an impertinent remark.

Hooker. Tillotson.

2. Rude; intrusive; meddling with that which does not belong to the person; as an impertinent coxcomb.

3. Trifling; foolish; negligent of the present purpose.

Pope.

Impertinent

IMPER'TINENT, noun An intruder; a meddler; one who interferes in what does not belong to him.

L'Estrange.

Impertinently

IMPER'TINENTLY, adverb Without relation to the matter in hand.

2. Officiously; intrusively; rudely.

Addison.

Impertransibility

IMPERTRANSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of not being capable of being passed through.

Hale.

Impertransible

IMPERTRAN'SIBLE, adjective [Latin in and pertranseo; per and transeo, to pass over or through; trans and eo, to go.] Not to be passed through. [Little used.]

Imperturbable

IMPERTURB'ABLE, adjective [Latin in and perturbo, to disturb; per and turbo.]

That cannot be disturbed or agitated; permanently quiet.

Encyc.

Imperturbation

IMPERTURBA'TION, noun Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness.

Welsh Mountague.

Imperturbed

IMPERTURB'ED, adjective Undisturbed. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Impervious

IMPER'VIOUS, adjective [Latin impervius; in and pervius, passable; per and via, way.]

1. Not to be penetrated or passed through; impenetrable; as an impervious gulf; an impervious forest.

2. Not penetrable; not to be pierced by a pointed instrument; as an impervious shield.

3. Not penetrable by light; not permeable to fluids. Glass is pervious to light, but impervious to water. Paper is impervious to light. In the latter sense only, impervious is synonymous with impermeable.

Imperviously

IMPER'VIOUSLY, adverb In a manner to prevent passage or penetration.

Imperviousness

IMPER'VIOUSNESS, noun The state of not admitting a passage.

Impetiginous

IMPETIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin impetigo, a ringworm.]

Resembling the ring-worm or tetters; covered with scales or scabs; scurfy.

Impetrable

IM'PETRABLE, adjective [See Impetrate.] That may be obtained by petition.

Impetrate

IM'PETRATE, verb transitive [Latin impetro.] To obtain by request or entreaty.

Usher.

Impetration

IMPETRA'TION, noun The act of obtaining by prayer or petition.

Herbert.

2. In law, the preobtaining of benefices from the church of Rome, which belonged to the disposal of the king and other lay patrons of the realm.

Encyc.

Impetrative

IM'PETRATIVE, adjective Obtaining; tending to obtain by entreaty.

Bp. Hall.

Impetratory

IM'PETRATORY, adjective Beseeching; containing entreaty.

Taylor.

Impetuosity

IMPETUOS'ITY, noun [See Impetuous.] A rushing with violence and great force; fury; violence.

2. Vehemence; furiousness of temper.

Impetuous

IMPET'UOUS, adjective [French impetueux; Latin impetuosus, from impetus, impeto; in and peto, to urge, to rush. See Bid.]

1. Rushing with great force and violence; moving rapidly; furious; forcible; fierce; raging; as an impetuous wind; an impetuous torrent.

2. Vehement of mind; fierce; hasty; passionate; violent; as a man of impetuous temper.

Impetuously

IMPET'UOUSLY, adverb Violently; fiercely; forcibly; with haste and force.

Addison.

Impetuousness

IMPET'UOUSNESS, noun A driving or rushing with haste and violence; furiousness; fury; violence.

2. Vehemence of temper; violence.

Impetus

IM'PETUS, noun [Latin supra.] Force of motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled.

2. The force with which one body in motion strikes another.

Impictured

IMPIC'TURED, adjective Painted; impressed.

Spenser.

Impier

IMPIER. [See Umpire.]

Impierceable

IMPIERCEABLE, a. impers'able. [in and pierce.] Not to be pierced or penetrated.

Spenser.

Impiety

IMPI'ETY, noun [French impietÃƒ-©; Latin impietas; in and pietas, pius.]

1. Ungodliness; irreverence towards the Supreme Being; contempt of the divine character and authority; neglect of the divine precepts. These constitute different degrees of impiety.

2. Any act of wickedness, as blasphemy and scoffing at the Supreme Being, or at his authority; profaneness. Any expression of contempt for God or his laws, constitutes an impiety of the highest degree of criminality. Disobedience to the divine commands or neglect of duty implies contempt for his authority, and is therefore impiety. Impiety, when it expresses the temper or disposition, has no plural; but it is otherwise when it expresses an act of wickedness, for all such acts are impieties.

Impignorate

IMPIG'NORATE, verb transitive To pledge or pawn. [Not in use.]

Impignoration

IMPIGNORA'TION, noun The act of pawning. [Not in use.]

Impinge

IMPINGE, v. i. impinj'. [Latin impingo; in and pango, to strike. See Pack.]

To fall against; to strike; to dash against; to clash upon.

The cause of reflection is not the impinging of light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies.

Newton.

Impinging

IMPING'ING, participle of the present tense Striking against.

Impinguate

IMPIN'GUATE, verb transitive [Latin in and pinguis, fat.] To fatten; to make fat. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Impious

IM'PIOUS, adjective [Latin impius; in and pius, pious.]

1. Irreverent towards the Supreme Being; wanting in veneration for God and his authority; irreligious; profane. The scoffer at God and his authority is impious. The profane swearer is impious.

When vice prevails and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a private station.

Addison.

2. Irreverent towards God; proceeding from or manifesting a contempt for the Supreme Being; tending to dishonor God or his laws, and bring them into contempt; as an impious deed; impious language; impious writings.

Impiously

IM'PIOUSLY, adverb With irreverence for God, or contempt for his authority; profanely; wickedly.

Impiousness

IM'PIOUSNESS, noun Impiety; contempt of God and his laws.

Implacability

IMPLACABIL'ITY, or IMPLA'CABLENESS, noun [from implacable.] The quality of not being appeasable; inexorableness; irreconcilable enmity or anger.

Implacable

IMPLA'CABLE, adjective [French from Latin implacabilis; in and placabilis, from placo, to appease.]

1. Not to be appeased; that can not be pacified and rendered peaceable; inexorable; stubborn or constant in enmity; as an implacable prince.

2. Not to be appeased or subdued; as implacable anger; implacable enmity, malice or revenge.

Implacably

IMPLA'CABLY, adverb With enmity not to be pacified or subdued; inexorably; as, to hate a person implacably.

Implant

IMPLANT', verb transitive [in and plant, Latin planto.] To set, plant or infix for the purpose of growth; as, to implant the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge in the minds of youth; to implant grace in the heart. [It is now seldom or never used in its literal sense for setting plants or seeds in the earth.]

Implantation

IMPLANTA'TION, noun The act of setting or infixing in the mind or heart, as principles or first rudiments.

Brown.

Implanted

IMPLANT'ED, participle passive Set; infixed in the mind, as principles or rudiments.

Implanting

IMPLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Setting or infixing in the mind, as principles.

Implausibility

IMPLAUSIBIL'ITY, noun [from implausible.] The quality of not being plausible or specious.

Implausible

IMPLAUS'IBLE, a. s as z. [in and plausible.] Not specious; not wearing the appearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be believed; as an implausible harangue.

Swift.

Implausibly

IMPLAUS'IBLY, adverb Without an appearance of probability.

Impleach

IMPLE'ACH, verb transitive [in and pleach.] To interweave. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Implead

IMPLE'AD, verb transitive [in and plead.] To institute and prosecute a suit against one in court; to sue at law. The corporation shall have power to plead and be impleaded.

Let them implead one another. Acts 19.

Impleaded

IMPLE'ADED, participle passive Prosecuted; sued; subject to answer to a suit in court.

Impleader

IMPLE'ADER, noun One who prosecutes another.

Impleading

IMPLE'ADING, participle of the present tense Prosecuting a suit.

Impleasing

IMPLE'ASING, adjective Unpleasing. [Not in use.]

Impledge

IMPLEDGE, verb transitive To pawn. [Not used.]

Implement

IM'PLEMENT, noun [Low Latin implementum, from impleo, to fill; in and pleo.

Whatever may supply wants; particularly, as now used, tools, utensils, vessels, instruments; the tools or instruments of labor; the vessels used in a kitchen, &c.; as the implements of trade or of husbandry. [It is a word of very extensive signification.]

Impletion

IMPLE'TION, noun [Latin impleo, to fill; in and pleo.] The act of filling; the state of being full.

The impletion is either in simple or compound flowers. The impletion of simple flowers, is by the increase either of the petals, or of the nectary.

Lee.

Implex

IM'PLEX, adjective [Latin implexus.] See Implicate.] Infolded; intricate; entangled; complicated.

Every poem is simple or implex; it is called simple, when there is no change of fortune in it; implex, when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to bad.

Spectator.

Implexion

IMPLEX'ION, noun [See Implicate.] The act of infolding or involving; the state of being involved; involution. [Little used.]

Dict.

Implicate

IM'PLICATE, verb transitive [French impliquer; Italian implicare; Latin implico, implicatus; in and plico, to fold, Greek, Welsh plygu.]

1. To infold; to involve; to entangle. [Seldom used in its literal sense.]

Boyle.

2. To involve; to bring into connection with; also, to show or prove to be connected or concerned; as, the evidence does not implicate the accused person in this conspiracy.

Implicated

IM'PLICATED, participle passive Infolded; involved.

2. Involved; connected; concerned; proved to be concerned or to have had a part. Twenty persons are implicated in the plot.

Implicating

IM'PLICATING, participle of the present tense Involving; proving to be concerned.

Implication

IMPLICA'TION, noun [Latin implicatio, supra.]

1. The act of infolding or involving.

2. Involution; entanglement.

Three principal causes of firmness are, the grossness, the quiet contact, and the implication of the component parts.

Boyle.

3. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; a tacit inference, or something fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words.

The doctors are, by implication, of a different opinion.

Ayliffe.

Implicative

IM'PLICATIVE, adjective Having implication.

Implicatively

IM'PLICATIVELY, adverb By implication.

Buck.

Implicit

IMPLIC'IT, adjective [Latin implicitus, from implico, supra.]

1. Infolded; entangled; complicated.

In his woolly fleece

I cling implicit. [Little used.]

Pope.

2. Implied; tacitly comprised; farily to be understood, though not expressed in words; as an implicit contract or agreement.

3. Resting on another; trusting to the word or authority of another; without doubting or reserve, or without examining into the truth of the thing itself. Thus we give implicit credit or confidence to the declarations of a person of known veracity. We receive with implicit faith whatever God has clearly revealed.

Implicitly

IMPLIC'ITLY, adverb By inference deducible, but not expressed in words; virtually; in reality, but not in name.

He that denies the providence of God, implicitly denies his existence.

Bentley.

2. By connection with something else; dependently; with unreserved confidence; without doubting, or without examining evidence. We are disposed to believe implicitly what a man of veracity testifies.

Learn not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and implicitly to acquiesce in and adore them.

Atterbury.

Implicitness

IMPLIC'ITNESS, noun The state of being implicit; the state of trusting without reserve.

Implied

IMPLI'ED, participle passive [See Imply.] Involved; contained virtually, though not expressed; as an implied promise.

Impliedly

IMPLI'EDLY, adverb By implication.

Imploration

IMPLORA'TION, noun Earnest supplication.

Bp. Hall.

Implore

IMPLO'RE, verb transitive [French implorer; Spanish implorar; Italian implorare; Latin imploro; in and ploro, to cry out.]

1. To call upon or for, in supplication; to beseech; to pray earnestly; to petition with urgency; to entreat; as, to implore the forgiveness of sins; to implore mercy.

Imploring all the gods that reign above.

Pope.

2. To ask earnestly; to beg.

Implore

IMPLO'RE, verb intransitive To entreat; to beg.

Implore

IMPLO'RE, noun Earnest supplication. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Implored

IMPLO'RED, participle passive Earnestly supplicated; besought.

Implorer

IMPLO'RER, noun One who prays earnestly.

Imploring

IMPLO'RING, participle of the present tense Beseeching; entreating; praying earnestly.

Implumed

IMPLU'MED, or IMPLU'MOUS, adjective Having no plumes or fethers.

Johnson.

Implung

IMPLUNG, v. t. implunj'. To plunge; to immerse.

Fuller.

Imply

IMPLY', verb transitive [French impliquer; Spanish implicar; Italian implicare; Latin implico; in and plico, to fold. See Implicate.]

1. Literally, to infold or involve; to wrap up. obsolete

Spenser.

2. To involve or contain in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not expressed in words.

Where a malicious act is proved, a malicious intention is implied.

Sherlock.

When a man employs a laborer to work for him, or an agent to transact business for him, the act of hiring implies an obligation, and a promise that he shall pay him a reasonable reward for his services. Contracts are express or implied; express contracts are those in which an agreement or promise is expressed by words or in writing; implied contracts are such as arise from the presumption of law, or the justice and reason of the transaction.

Blackstone.

Implying

IMPLY'ING, participle of the present tense Involving; containing in substance, or by fair inference, or by construction of law.

Impocket

IMPOCK'ET, verb transitive To pocket. [Not used.]

Impoison

IMPOIS'ON, v. t. s as z. [French empoisonner. See Poison.]

1. To poison; to impregnate with poison; to corrupt with poison.

2. To embitter; to impair; as, grief impoisons the pleasures of life.

3. To kill with poison. [Rare.]

Shak.

Impoisoned

IMPOIS'ONED, participle passive Poisoned; corrupted; embittered.

Impoisoning

IMPOIS'ONING, participle of the present tense Poisoning; corrupting; embittering.

Impoisonment

IMPOIS'ONMENT, noun The act of poisoning.

Pope.

Impolarly

IM'POLARLY, adverb Not according to the direction of the poles. [Not used.]

Brown.

Impolicy

IMPOL'ICY, noun [in and policy.] Inexpedience;unsuitableness to the end proposed; bad policy; defect of wisdon; a word applied to private as well as public affairs.

Washington

Impolite

IMPOLI'TE, adjective [in and polite.] Not of polished manners; unpolite; uncivil; rude in manners.

Impolitely

IMPOLI'TELY, adverb Uncivilly.

Impoliteness

IMPOLI'TENESS, noun Incivility; want of good manners.

Chesterfield.

Impolitic

IMPOL'ITIC, adjective Not wise; devising and pursuing measures adapted to injure the public interest; as an impolitic prince or minister.

2. Unwise; adapted to injure the public interest; as an impolitic law, measure or scheme.

3. Not wise in private concerns; pursuing measures ill suited to promote private welfare; not prudent.

4. Not suited to promote private interest.

Impolitical

IMPOLIT'ICAL, for impolitic, is obsolete.

Impoliticly

IMPOL'ITICLY, adverb Not wisely; not with due forecast and prudence; in a manner to injure public or private interest.

Imponderability

IMPONDERABIL'ITY, noun Absolute levity; destitution of sensible weight.

Imponderable

IMPON'DERABLE, or IMPON'DEROUS, adjective [in and ponderable, ponderous.] Not having sensible weight.

Brown.

Impoor

IMPOOR', verb transitive [in and poor.] To impoverish. [Not in use.]

Browne.

Imporosity

IMPOROS'ITY, noun [in and porosity.] Want of porosity; closeness of texture; compactness that excludes pores.

Bacon.

Imporous

IMPO'ROUS, adjective Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid.

Brown. Ray.

Import

IMPO'RT, verb transitive [French importer; Latin importo; in and porto, to bear. See Bear.]

1. To bring from a foreign country or jurisdiction, or from another state, into one's own country, jurisdiction or state; opposed to export. We import teas and silks from China, wines from Spain and France, and dry, goods from Great Britain. Great Britain imports cotton from America and India. We may say also that Connecticut, Massachusetts and Maine import flour from the middle states.

2. To bear or convey, as signification or meaning; to mean; to signify; to imply. We are to understand by a term, what it clearly imports.

3. To be of weight to; to be of moment or consequence to; to bear on the interest of, or to have a bearing on.

Her length of sickness, with what else more serious

Importeth thee to know, this bears.

Shak.

If I endure it, what imports it you?

Dryden.

Import

IM'PORT, noun That which is borne or conveyed in words; meaning; signification; the sense which words are intended to convey to the understanding, or which they bear in sound interpretation. Import differs from implication in this, that the meaning of a term or number of words in connection is less obscurely expressed. Import depends less on inference or deduction than implication, and is also applied more frequently to a single word. In all philosophical discussions, it is useful to ascertain the import of the terms employed. In the construction of laws and treaties, we are to examine carefully the import of words and phrases.

2. That which is imported or brought into a country from another country or state; generally in the plural. Our imports exceed our exports; the balance must be paid in specie; hence the scarcity of coin.

3. Importance; weight; consequence; [Formerly accented on the second syllable.]

Shak. Dryden.

Importable

IMPO'RTABLE, adjective That may be imported.

2. Insupportable; not to be endured. Obs.

Spenser.

Importance

IMPORT'ANCE, noun [French; Spanish importancia; Italian importanza; from import.]

1. Weight; consequence; a bearing on some interest; that quality of any thing by which it may affect a measure, interest or result. The education of youth is of great importance to a free government. A religious education is of infinite importance to every human being.

2. Weight or consequence in the scale of being.

Thy own importance know,

Nor bound thy narrow views to things below.

Pope.

3. Weight or consequence in self-estimation. He believes himself a man of importance.

4. Thing implied; matter; subject; importunity. [In these senses, obsolete.]

Shak.

Important

IMPORT'ANT, adjective [French] Literally, bearing on or to. Hence, weighty; momentous; of great consequence; having a bearing on some interest, measure or result by which good or ill may be produced. Truth is important to happiness as well as to knowledge, but none so important as religious truth. The commerce of Great Britain is important to her navy, and her navy is important to her independence. Men often forget the important end for which they were created.

2. Bearing on; forcible; driving.

He fiercely at him flew,

And with important outrage him assailed.

Spenser.

3. Importunate. [Not used.]

Shak.

Importantly

IMPORT'ANTLY, adverb Weightily; forcibly.

Hammond.

Importation

IMPORTA'TION, noun [French; from import.]

1. The act or practice of importing, or of bringing from another country or state; opposed to exportation. Nations forbid the importation of commodities which are produced or manufactured in sufficient abundance at home.

2. The wares or commodities imported. The importations, this season, exceed those of the last.

3. Conveyance.

Imported

IMPO'RTED, participle passive Brought from another country or state.

Importer

IMPO'RTER, noun He that imports; the merchant who, by himself or his agent, brings goods from another country or state.

Importing

IMPO'RTING, participle of the present tense Bringing into one's own country or state from a foreign or distant state.

2. Bearing, as a signification; meaning.

3. Having weight or consequence.

Importless

IMPO'RTLESS, adjective Of no weight or consequence. [Not used.]

Shak.

Importunacy

IMPORT'UNACY, noun The act of importuning; importunateness.

Importunate

IMPORT'UNATE, adjective [Latin importunus. See Importune.]

1. Bearing on; pressing or urging in request or demand; urgent and pertinacious in solicitation; as an importunate suitor or petitioner.

2. Pressing; urgent; as an importunate demand.

3. Inciting urgently for gratification; as importunate passions and appetites.

Importunately

IMPORT'UNATELY, adverb With urgent request; with pressing solicitation.

Importunateness

IMPORT'UNATENESS, noun Urgent and pressing solicitation.

Digby.

Importunator

IMPORT'UNATOR, noun One that importunes. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Importune

IMPORTU'NE, verb transitive [French importuner; Spanish importunar; It importunare; from Latin importunus; in and porto, to bear on.]

To request with urgency; to press with solicitation; to urge with frequent or unceasing application.

Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the court with unreasonable demands.

Swift.

Importune

IMPORTU'NE, adjective [Latin importunus. Formerly accented on the second syllable.]

1. Pressing in request; urgent; troublesome by frequent demands; vexatious; unreasonable.

Spenser. Bacon.

2. Unseasonable.

Milton.

[This word is obsolete; being superseded by importunate, unless perhaps in poetry.]

Importunely

IMPORTU'NELY, adverb With urgent solicitation; incessantly; continually; troublesomely. obsolete

Spenser.

2. Unseasonably; improperly. Obs.

Sanderson.

Importunity

IMPORTU'NITY, noun [French importunitÃƒ-¨; Latin importunitas.]

Pressing solicitation; urgent request; application for a claim or favor, which is urged with troublesome frequency or pertinacity. Men are sometimes overcome by the importunity of their wives or children.

Importuous

IMPO'RTUOUS, adjective [Latin importuosus; in and portus.] Without a port, haven or harbor.

Imposable

IMPO'SABLE, adjective That may be imposed or laid on.

Hammond.

Impose

IMPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French imposer; Latin impositum, from impono; in and pono, to put. Pono, as written, belongs to Class Bn; and posui, positum, to Class Bs. or Bd. The latter coincide with put.]

1. To lay on; to set on; to lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty or penalty. The legislature imposes taxes for the support of government; toll is imposed on passengers to maintain roads, and penalties are imposed on those who violate the laws. God imposes no burdens on men which they are unable to bear.

On impious realms and barb'rous kings impose

Thy plaguesÃ‚--

Pope.

2. To place over by authority or by force. The Romans often imposed rapacious governors on their colonies and conquered countries.

3. To lay on, as a command; to enjoin, as a duty.

Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws.

Waller.

Impose but your commandsÃ‚--

Dryden.

4. To fix on; to impute. [Little used.]

Brown.

5. To lay on, as hands in the ceremony of ordination, or of confirmation.

6. To obtrude fallaciously.

Our poet thinks not fit

T' impose upon you what he writes for wit.

Dryden.

7. Among printers, to put the pages on the stone and fit on the chase, and thus prepare the form for the press.

To impose on, to deceive; to mislead by a trick or false pretense; vulgarly, to put

upon. We are liable to be imposed on by others, and sometimes we impose on ourselves.

Impose

IMPO'SE, n. s as z. Command; injunction. [Not used.]

Shak.

Imposed

IMPO'SED, participle passive Laid on, as a tax, burden, duty or penalty; enjoined.

Imposed on, deceived.

Imposer

IMPO'SER, noun One who lays on; one who enjoins.

Ã‚--The imposers of these oaths might repent.

Walton.

Imposing

IMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Laying on; enjoining; deceiving.

2. adjective Commanding; adapted to impress forcibly; as an imposing air or manner.

Ã‚--Large and imposing edifices, embosomed in the groves of some rich valley.

Bishop Hobart.

Imposing-Stone

IMPO'SING-STONE, noun Among printers, the stone on which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms.

Imposition

IMPOSI'TION, n. s as z. [French from Latin impositio. See Impose.]

1. In a general sense, the act of laying on.

2. The act of laying on hands in the ceremony of ordination, when the bishop in the episcopal church, and the ministers in congregational churches, place their hands on the head of the person whom they are ordaining, while one prays for a blessing on his labors. The same ceremony is used in other cases.

2. The act of setting on or affixing to; as the imposition of names.

Boyle.

3. That which is imposed; a tax, toll, duty or excise laid by authority. Tyrants oppress their subjects with grievous impositions.

4. Injunction, as of a law or duty.

Milton.

5. Constraint; oppression; burden.

Let it not be made, contrary to its own nature, the occasion of strife, a narrow spirit, and unreasonable impositions on the mind and practice.

Watts.

6. Deception; imposture.

Being acquainted with his hand, I had no reason to suspect an imposition.

Smollet.

7. A supernumerary exercise enjoined on students as a punishment.

Warton.

Impossibility

IMPOSSIBIL'ITY, noun [from impossible.]

1. That which cannot be; the state of being not possible to exist. That a thing should be and not be at the same time, is an impossibility.

2. Impracticability; the state or quality of being not feasible or possible to be done. That a man by his own strength should lift a ship of the line, is to him an impossibility, as the means are inadequate to the end. [See Impossible.]

Impossible

IMPOSS'IBLE, adjective [French from Latin impossibilis; in and possibilis, from possum, to be able.]

1. That cannot be. It is impossible that two and two should make five, or that a circle and a square should be the same thing, or that a thing should be, and not be at the same time.

2. Impracticable; not feasible; that cannot be done.

With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. Matthew 19.

Without faith it is impossible to please God. Hebrews 11.

There are two kinds of impossibilities; physical and moral. That is a physical impossibility, which is contrary to the law of nature. A thing is said to be morally impossible, when in itself it is possible, but attended with difficulties or circumstances which give it the appearance of being impossible. [See Possible, Practicable and Impracticable.]

Encyc.

Impost

IM'POST, noun [Spanish Italian imposta; French impot, for impost; Latin impositum, impono.]

1. Any tax or tribute imposed by authority; particularly, a duty or tax laid by government on goods imported, and paid or secured by the importer at the time of importation. Imposts are also called customs.

2. In architecture, that part of a pillar in vaults and arches, on which the weight of the building rests; or the capital of a pillar, or cornice which crowns the pier and supports the first stone or part of an arch.

Ainsworth. Ash.

Imposthumate

IMPOS'THUMATE, verb intransitive impos'tumate. [See Imposthume.]

To form an abscess; to gather; to collect of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body.

Arbuthnot.

Imposthumate

IMPOS'THUMATE, verb transitive To affect with an imposthume or abscess.

Imposthumated

IMPOS'THUMATED, participle passive Affected with an imposthume.

Imposthumation

IMPOSTHUMA'TION, noun The act of forming an abscess; also, an abscess; an imposthume.

Coxe. Bacon.

Imposthume

IMPOS'THUME, n. impos'tume. [This word is a corruption of apostem, Latin apostema, Greek, from, to separate, to withdraw, or to stand off; and, to stand.]

An abscess; a collection of pus of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body.

Encyc.

[This word and its derivatives, being mere corruptions, might well be suffered to pass into oblivion.]

Imposthume

IMPOS'THUME, verb intransitive The same as imposthumate.

Impostor

IMPOS'TOR, noun [French imposteur; Spanish Portugese impostor; Italian impostore; from Low Latin impostor, from impono. See Impose.]

One who imposes on others; a person who assumes a character for the purpose of deception; a deceiver under a false character. It seems to be yet unsettled, whether Perkin Warbeck was an impostor. A religious impostor may be one who assumes the character of a preacher, without authority; or one who falsely pretends to an extraordinary commission from heaven, and terrifies people with denunciations of judgments.

Encyc.

Imposturage

IMPOS'TURAGE, noun Imposition. [Not in use.]

Bp. Taylor.

Imposture

IMPOS'TURE, noun [French from Latin impostura. See Impose.]

Deception practised under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition practiced by a false pretender.

Ã‚--Form new legends,

And fill the world with follies and impostures.

Irene.

Impostured

IMPOS'TURED, adjective Having the nature of imposture.

Beaum.

Imposturous

IMPOS'TUROUS, adjective Deceitful. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Impotence

IM'POTENCE, or IM'POTENCY, noun [Latin impotentia; in and potens, from possum, the root of Italian potere, Spanish poder. See Power.]

1. Want of strength or power, animal or intellectual; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility; defect of power, natural or adventitious, to perform any thing.

Some were poor by the impotency of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots and cripples.

Hayward.

The impotence of exercising animal motion attends fevers.

Arbuthnot.

2. Moral inability; the want of power or inclination to resist or overcome habits and natural propensities.

3. Inability to beget.

4. Ungovernable passion; a Latin signification. [Little used.]

Milton.

Impotent

IM'POTENT, adjective [French from Latin impotens.]

1. Weak; feeble; wanting strength or power; unable by nature, or disabled by disease or accident to perform any act.

I know thou wast not slow to hear,

Nor impotent to save.

Addison.

2. Wanting the power of propagation, as males.

3. Wanting the power of restraint; not having the command over; as impotent of tongue.

Dryden.

Impotent

IM'POTENT, noun One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing under disease.

Shak.

Impotently

IM'POTENTLY, adverb Weakly; without power over the passions.

Impound

IMPOUND', verb transitive [in and pound. See Pound.]

1. To put, shut or confine in a pound or close pen; as, to impound unruly or stray horses, cattle, &c.

2. To confine; to restrain within limits.

Bacon.

Impounded

IMPOUND'ED, participle passive Confined in a pound.

Impounder

IMPOUND'ER, noun One who impounds the beasts of another.

Impounding

IMPOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Confining in a pound; restraining.

Impoverish

IMPOV'ERISH, verb transitive [French appauvrir, appauvrissant, from pauvre, poor; Italian impoverire. See Poor.]

1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence. Idleness and vice are sure to impoverish individuals and families.

2. To exhaust strength, richness or fertility; as, to impoverish land by frequent cropping.

Impoverished

IMPOV'ERISHED, participle passive Reduced to poverty; exhausted.

Impoverisher

IMPOV'ERISHER, noun One who makes others poor.

2. That which impairs fertility.

Impoverishing

IMPOV'ERISHING, participle of the present tense Making poor; exhausting.

Impoverishment

IMPOV'ERISHMENT, noun Depauperation; a reducing to indigence; exhaustion; drain of wealth, richness or fertility.

Impower

IMPOWER. [See Empower.]

Impracticability

IMPRACTICABIL'ITY, or IMPRAC'TICABLENESS, noun [See Impracticable.]

1. The state or quality of being beyond human power, or the means proposed; infeasibility.

2. Untractableness; stubbornness.

Burnet.

Impracticable

IMPRAC'TICABLE, adjective [in and practicable; French impraticable. See Practice.]

1. That cannot be done or performed; infeasible; not to be effected by human means, or by the means proposed. It is

impracticable for a man to lift a tun by his unassisted strength; but not impracticable for a man aided by a mechanical power.

2. Untractable; unmanageable; stubborn; as a fierce, impracticable nature.

Rowe.

3. That cannot be passed or traveled; as an impracticable road; a colloquial sense.

Impracticably

IMPRAC'TICABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that hinders practice.

Ã‚--Morality not impracticably rigid.

Johnson.

Imprecate

IM'PRECATE, verb transitive [Latin imprecor; in and precor, to pray. See Pray.]

To invoke, as an evil on any one; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on one's self or on another person.

Imprecated

IM'PRECATED, participle passive Invoked on one, as some evil.

Imprecating

IM'PRECATING, participle of the present tense Calling for evil on one's self or another.

Imprecation

IMPRECA'TION, noun [Latin imprecatio.] The act of imprecating, or invoking evil on any one; a prayer that a curse or calamity may fall on any one.

Imprecatory

IM'PRECATORY, adjective Containing a prayer for evil to befall a person.

Imprecision

IMPRECIS'ION, n. s as z. [in and precision.] Want of precision or exactness; defect of accuracy.

Taylor.

Impregn

IMPRE'GN, v. t. impre'ne. [Italian impregnare; French impregner; Latin in and proegnans. See Pregnant.]

To impregnate; to infuse the seed of young, or other prolific principle. [Used in poetry. See Impregnate.]

Milton. Thomson.

Impregnable

IMPREG'NABLE, adjective [French imprenable.]

1. Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; that cannot be reduced by force; able to resist attack; as an impregnable fortress.

2. Not to be moved, impressed or shaken; invincible.

The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and impregnable.

South.

Impregnably

IMPREG'NABLY, adverb In a manner to resist penetration or assault; in a manner to defy force; as a place impregnably fortified.

Sandys.

Impregnate

IMPREG'NATE, verb transitive [Italian impregnare; French impregner; Spanish impregnar. See Pregnant.]

1. To infuse the principle of conception; to make preganant, as a female animal.

2. To deposit the fecundating dust of a flower on the pistils of a plant; to render prolific.

3. To infuse particles of one thing into another; to communicate the virtues or one thing to another, as in pharmacy, by mixture, digestion, &c.

Impregnate

IMPREG'NATE, adjective Impregnated; rendered prolific or fruitful.

Impregnated

IMPREG'NATED, adjective Made pregnant or prolific; fecundated; filled with something by mixture, &c.

Impregnating

IMPREG'NATING, participle of the present tense Infusing seed or pollen; rendering pregnant; fructifying; fecundating; filling by infusion or mixture.

Impregnation

IMPREGNA'TION, noun [French] The act of fecundating and rendering fruitful; applied to animals or plants.

2. The communication of the particles or virtues of one thing to another.

3. That with which any thing is impregnated.

Derham.

4. Saturation.

Ainsworth.

Imprejudicate

IMPREJU'DICATE, adjective [Latin in, pra, and judico.]

Not prejudged; unprejudiced; not prepossessed; impartial. [Not used.]

Brown.

Impreparation

IMPREPARA'TION, noun [in and preparation.]

Want of preparation; unpreparedness; unreadiness. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Imprescriptibility

IMPRESCRIPTIBIL'ITY, noun [French imprescriptibilite, from imprescriptible.]

The state of being independent of prescription; the state which renders a thing not liable to be lost or impaired by the prescription of another, or by one's own nonuser.

Vattel, Trans.

Imprescriptible

IMPRESCRIP'TIBLE, adjective [French from prescriptible, from Latin proescribo; proe and scribo, to write.]

That cannot be lost or impaired by nonuser, or by the claims of another founded on prescription.

Rights of mere ability which a man may use or not at pleasure, without any person's having a right to prescribe to me on that subject, are imprescriptible.

Vattel, Trans.

The rights of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are imprescriptible.

Vattel.

Impress

IMPRESS', verb transitive [Latin impressum, from imprimo; in and premo, to press.]

1. To imprint; to stamp; to make a mark or figure on any thing by pressure; as, to impress coin with the figure of a man's head, or with that of an ox or sheep; to impress a figure on wax or clay.

2. To print, as books.

3. To mark; to indent.

4. To fix deep; as, to impress truth on the mind, or facts on the memory. Hence, to convict of sin.

5. To compel to enter into public service, as seamen; to seize and take into service by compulsion, as nurses in sickness. In this sense, we use press or impress indifferently.

6. To seize; to take for public service; as, to impress provisions.

Marshall.

Impress

IM'PRESS, noun A mark or indentation, made by pressure.

2. The figure or image of any thing made by pressure; stamp; likeness.

3. Mark of distinction; stamp; character.

God leaves us this general impress or character on the works of creation, that they were very good.

South.

4. Device; motto.

To describe emblazoned shields, Impresses quaintÃ‚--

Milton.

5. The act of compelling to enter into public service. [See Press.]

Shak.

Impressed

IMPRESS'ED, participle passive Imprinted; stamped; marked by pressure; compelled to enter public service; seized for public use; fixed in the mind; made sensible; convinced.

Impressibility

IMPRESSIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being impressible.

Impressible

IMPRESS'IBLE, adjective That may be impressed; that yields to pressure; that may receive impressions. Solid bodies are not easily impressible.

2. That may be impressed; that may have its figure stamped on another body.

Impressing

IMPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Imprinting; stamping; fixing in the mind; compelling into service.

Impression

IMPRES'SION, noun [French; Latin impressio.] The act of impressing, as one body on another; as a figure made by impression.

2. Mark; indentation; stamp made by pressure; as, a seal makes an impression on wax.

3. The effect which objects produce on the mind. Thus we say, the truths of the gospel make an impression on the mind; they make no impression, or a deep and lasting impression. The heart is impressed with love or gratitude. we lie open to the impressions of flattery.

4. Image in the mind; idea.

5. Sensible effect. The artillery made no impression on the fort. The attack made no impression on the enemy.

6. A single edition of a book; the books printed at once; as a copy of the last impression. The whole impression of the work was sold in a month.

7. Slight, indistinct remembrance. I have an impression that the fact was stated to me, but I cannot clearly recollect it.

Impressive

IMPRESS'IVE, adjective Making or tending to make an impression; having the power of affecting, or of exciting attention and feeling; adapted to touch sensibility or the conscience; as an impressive discourse; an impressive scene.

2. Capable of being impressed; susceptible.

Spenser.

Impressively

IMPRESS'IVELY, adverb In a manner to touch sensibility, or to awaken conscience; in a manner to produce a powerful effect on the mind.

Impressiveness

IMPRESS'IVENESS, noun The quality of being impressive.

Impressment

IMPRESS'MENT, noun The act of impressing men into public service; as the impressment of seamen.

2. The act of compelling into any service; as the impressment of nurses to attend the sick.

3. The act of seizing for public use; as the impressment of provisions for the army.

Marshall.

Impressure

IMPRESS'URE, noun The mark made by pressure; indentation; dent; impression.

Shak.

Imprest

IM'PREST, noun [Italian imprestare.] A kind of earnest-money; loan; money advanced.

Burke.

Imprest

IMPREST', verb transitive To advance on loan.

Imprevalence

IMPREV'ALENCE, noun Incapability of prevailing.

Hall.

Imprimatur

IMPRIMA'TUR, noun [Latin let it be printed.] A license to print a book, &c.

Imprimery

IMPRIM'ERY, noun [French imprimerie.] A print; impression; a printing-house; art of printing. [Not in use.]

Imprimis

IM'PRIMIS, adverb [Latin imprimis, for in primis.] In the first place; first in order.

Imprint

IMPRINT', verb transitive [Italian imprimere; Spanish imprimir; French imprimer; Latin imprimo; in and premo, to press. See Print.]

1. To impress; to mark by pressure; as a character or device imprinted on wax or cloth.

2. To stamp letters and words on paper by means of types; to print.

3. To fix on the mind or memory; to impress. Let your father's admonitions and instructions be imprinted on your mind.

Imprinted

IMPRINT'ED, participle passive Marked by pressure; printed; fixed in the mind or memory.

Imprinting

IMPRINT'ING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng by pressure; printing; fixing on the mind or memory.

Imprison

IMPRIS'ON, v. t. impriz'n. [French emprisonner; in and prison.]

1. To put into a prison; to confine in a prison or jail, or to arrest and detain in custody in any place.

2. To confine; to shut up; to restrain from escape; to deprive of the liberty to move from place to place; as, to be imprisoned in a cell.

He imprisoned was in chains remediless.

Spenser.

Try to imprison the resistless winds.

Dryden.

Imprisoned

IMPRIS'ONED, participle passive Confined in a prison or jail; restrained from escape or from going at large.

Imprisoning

IMPRIS'ONING, participle of the present tense Shutting up in prison; confining in a place.

Imprisonment

IMPRIS'ONMENT, noun The act of putting and confining in prison; the act of arresting and detaining in custody.

2. Confinement in a place; restraint of liberty to go from place to place at pleasure. Appropriately, the confinement of a criminal or debtor within the walls of a prison, or in the custody of a sheriff, &c.

False imprisonment is any confinement of the person, or restraint of liberty, without legal or sufficient authority. The arrest or detention of the person by an officer without warrant, or by an illegal warrant, or by a legal warrant executed at an unlawful time, is false imprisonment.

Blackstone.

Improbability

IMPROBABIL'ITY, noun [See Improbable.] The quality of being improbable, or not likely to be true; unlikelihood.

Improbable

IMPROB'ABLE, adjective [Spanish French from Latin improbabilis; in and probabilis, from probo, to prove.]

Not likely to be true; not to be expected under the circumstances of the case. It is always improbable that men will knowingly oppose their own interest; yet the fact is possible. It is improbable that snow will fall in July, but not incredible.

Improbably

IMPROB'ABLY, adverb In a manner not likely to be true.

2. In a manner not to be approved. Obs.

Boyle.

Improbate

IM'PROBATE, verb transitive [Latin improbo.] To disallow; not to approve. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Improbation

IMPROBA'TION, noun The act of disapproving. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Improbity

IMPROB'ITY, noun [Latin improbitas; in and probitas, from probo, to approve.]

That which is disapproved or disallowed; want of integrity or rectitude of principle; dishonesty. A man of known improbity is always suspected, and usually despised.

Improduced

IMPRODU'CED, adjective Not produced. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Improficiency

IMPROFI'CIENCY, noun Want of proficiency.

Bacon.

Improfitable

IMPROF'ITABLE, adjective Unprofitable. [Not in use.]

Elyot.

Impromptu

IMPROMP'TU, adverb [Latin in promptu, in readiness, from promptus, ready, quick.]

Off hand; without previous study; as a verse uttered or written impromptu.

Impromptu

IMPROMP'TU, noun A piece made off hand, at the moment, or without previous study; an extemporaneous composition.

Improper

IMPROP'ER, adjective [Latin improprius; in and proprius, proper.]

1. Not proper; not suitable; not adapted to its end; unfit; as an improper medicine for a particular disease; an improper regulation.

2. Not becoming; not decent; not suited to the character, time or place; as improper conduct in church; improper behavior before superiors; an improper speech.

3. Not according to the settled usages or principles of a language; as an improper word or phrase.

4. Not suited to a particular place or office; unqualified; as, he is an improper man for the office.

Improperly

IMPROP'ERLY, adverb Not fitly; in a manner not suited to the end; in a manner not suited to the company, time, place and circumstances; unsuitably; incongruously.

2. In a manner not according with established usages; inaccurately; ungrammatically; as, to speak or write improperly.

Impropitious

IMPROPI'TIOUS, adjective Not propitious; unpropitious.

Wotton.

[The latter is the word in use.]

Improportionable

IMPROPO'RTIONABLE, adjective Not proportionable. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Improportionate

IMPROPO'RTIONATE, adjective Not proportionate; not adjusted. [Little used.]

Smith.

Impropriate

IMPRO'PRIATE, verb transitive [Latin in and proprius, proper.]

1. To appropriate to private use; to take to one's self; as, to impropriate thanks to one's self. [Not used.]

Bacon.

2. To annex the possessions of the church or a benefice to a layman.

Spelman.

Impropriate

IMPRO'PRIATE, adjective Devolved into the hands of a layman.

Impropriated

IMPRO'PRIATED, participle passive Appropriated to one's self. [See Appropriated.]

2. Put in possession of a layman.

Impropriating

IMPRO'PRIATING, participle of the present tense Appropriating to one's self.

2. Annexing to a lay proprietor.

Impropriation

IMPROPRIA'TION, noun The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice into the hands of a layman.

Ayliffe.

2. The benefice impropriated.

Impropriator

IMPRO'PRIATOR, noun A layman who has possession of the lands of the church or an ecclesiastical living.

Ayliffe.

Impropriety

IMPROPRI'ETY, noun [French impropriete, from Latin improprius. See Improper.]

1. Unfitness; unsuitableness to character, time, place or circumstances; as impropriety of behavior or manners. Levity of conduct is an impropriety in a religious assembly and at a funeral. Rudeness or forwardness in young persons before their superiors, is impropriety. Indecency and indecorum are improprieties.

2. Inaccuracy in language; a word or phrase not according with the established usages or principles of speaking or writing.

Many gross improprieties, however authorized by practice, ought to be discarded.

Swift.

Improsperity

IMPROSPER'ITY, noun Unprosperity; want of success.

Naunton.

Improsperous

IMPROS'PEROUS, adjective [in and prosperous.] Not prosperous; not successful; unfortunate; not yielding profit; not advancing interest; as an improsperous undertaking or voyage.

Dryden.

[Unprosperous is the word most generally used in this sense.]

Improsperously

IMPROS'PEROUSLY, adverb Unsuccessfully; unprosperously; unfortunately.

Boyle.

Improsperousness

IMPROS'PEROUSNESS, noun Ill success; want of prosperity.

Hammond.

Improvability

IMPROVABIL'ITY, noun [See Improvable.] The state or quality of being capable of improvement; susceptibility of being made better.

Improvable

IMPROV'ABLE, adjective [See Improve.] Susceptible of improvement; capable of growing or being made better; that may be advanced in good qualities.

We have stock enough, and that too of an improvable nature, that is capable of infinite advancement.

Decay of Piety.

Man is accommodated with moral principles, improvable by the exercise of his faculties.

Hale.

I have a fine spread of improvable lands.

Addison.

2. That may be used to advantage, or for the increase of any thing valuable.

The essays of weaker heads afford improvable hints to better.

Brown.

3. Capable of tillage or cultivation.

A scarcity of improvable lands began to be felt in these colonies.

Ramsay, Hist. Carolina. B. Trumbull.

Improvableness

IMPROV'ABLENESS, noun Susceptibility of improvement; capableness of being made better, or of being used to advantage.

Improve

IMPROVE, v. t. improov'. [Norm. prover, to improve; improwment, improving. The French and Italians use the same compound in a different sense. It is from the Latin in and probo, to prove, or the adjective probus.]

1. To make better; to advance in value or good qualities. We amend a bad, but improve, a good thing.

Johnson.

A good education improves the mind and the manners. A judicious rotation of crops tends to improve land.

2. To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to profitable account; to use for advantage; to employ for advancing interest, reputation or happiness.

Many opportunities occur of improving money, which, if a man misses, he may not afterwards recover.

Rambler.

Melissus was a man of parts, capable of enjoying and improving life.

Ibm.

True policy as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.

Washington.

This success was not improved.

Marshall.

Those who enjoy the advantage of better instruction, should improve their privileges.

Milner.

They were aware of the advantages of their position, and improved them with equal skill and diligence.

Walsh, Rev. of Hamilton's Works.

Those moments were diligently improved.

Gibbon.

The candidate improved his advantages.

Gibbon.

A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and improved.

Addison. Spect. iii.

Whatever interest we have at the throne of grace, should be improved in behalf of others.

Scott. Com. Exodus 33.

The court seldom fails to improve the opportunity.

Blackstone.

My lords, no time should be lost; which may promise to improve this disposition in America.

Lord Chatham.

If we neglect to improve our knowledge to the ends for which it was givenÃ‚--

Locke.

It is the fault of persons not improving that light.

S. Clarke.

The shorter the timeÃ‚--the more eager were they to improve it.

Lardner.

A young minister wishing to improve the occasionÃ‚--

C. Simeon.

3. To apply to practical purposes; as, to improve a discourse, or the doctrines stated and proved in a sermon.

Owen.

4. To advance or increase by use; in a bad sense.

I fear we have not a little improved the wretched inheritance of our ancestors. [Ill.]

Porteus.

5. To use; to employ; as, to improve a witness or a deposition.

Let even the coach, the inns, or the ships be improved as openings for useful instruction.

T. Scott.

6. To use; to occupy; to cultivate. The house or the farm is now improved by an industrious tenant.

This application is perhaps peculiar to some parts of the U. States. It however deviates little from that in some of the foregoing definitions.

Improve

IMPROVE, v. i. improov'. To grow better or wiser; to advance in goodness, knowledge, wisdom or other excellence. We are pleased to see our children improve in knowledge and virtue. A farm improves under judicious management. The artisan improves by experience. It is the duty, as it is the desire of a good man, to improve in grace and piety.

We take care to improve in our frugality and diligence.

Atterbury.

2. To advance in bad qualities; to grow worse.

Domitian improved in cruelty toward the end of his reign.

Milner.

[I regret to see this word thus used, or rather perverted.]

3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise. The price of cotton improves, or is improved. [A mercantile and modern use of the word.]

To improve on, to make useful additions or amendments to; to bring nearer to perfection; as, to improve on the mode of tillage usually practiced.

Improved

IMPROV'ED, participle passive Made better, wiser or more excellent; advanced in moral worth, knowledge or manners.

2. Made better; advanced in fertility or other good qualities.

3. Used to profit or good purpose; as opportunities of learning improved.

4. Used; occupied; as improved land.

Improvement

IMPROVEMENT, n. improov'ment. Advancement in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill or other excellence; as the improvement of the mind or of the heart by cultivation; improvement in classical learning, science or mechanical skill; improvement in music; improvement in holiness.

2. Melioration; a making or growing better, or more valuable; as the improvement of barren or exhausted land; the improvement of the roads; the improvement of the breed of horses or cattle.

3. A valuable addition; excellence added, or a change for the better; sometimes with on.

The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are improvements on the Greek poet.

Addison.

4. Advance or progress from any state to a better.

There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its several improvements and decays.

Addison.

5. Instruction; growth in knowledge or refinement; edification.

I look upon your city as the best place of improvement.

South.

6. Use or employment to beneficial purposes; a turning to good account; as the improvement of natural advantages or spiritual privileges.

A good improvement of his reason.

S. Clarke.

7. Practical application; as the improvement of the doctrines and principles of a sermon.

I shall make some improvement of this doctrine.

Tillotson.

Hence,

8. The part of a discourse intended to enforce and apply the doctrines, is called the improvement.

9. Use; occupancy.

10. Improvements, plu., valuable additions or melioration, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, &c., on a farm.

Kent.

Improver

IMPROV'ER, noun One who improves; one who makes himself or any thing else better; as an improver of horses or cattle.

2. That which improves, enriches or meliorates; as, chalk is an improver of lands.

Mortimer.

Improvided

IMPROVI'DED, adjective [Latin improvisus; in and provideo, to foresee or provide.]

Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against. Obs.

Spenser.

Improvidence

IMPROV'IDENCE, noun [Latin in and providens, providentia, from pro, before, and video, to see.]

Want of providence or forecast; neglect of foresight, or of the measures which foresight might dictate for safety or advantage. Half the inconveniences and losses which men suffer are the effects of improvidence.

Improvident

IMPROV'IDENT, adjective [Latin in and providens; pro and video, supra.]

Wanting forecast; not foreseeing what will be necessary or convenient, or neglecting the measures which foresight would dictate; wanting care to make provision for future exigences. Seamen are proverbially improvident. It is sometimes followed by of; as improvident of harm.

Improvidently

IMPROV'IDENTLY, adverb Without foresight or forecast; without care to provide against future wants.

Improving

IMPROV'ING, participle of the present tense Making better; growing better; using to advantage.

Improvision

IMPROVIS'ION, n. s as z. [in and provision.]

Want of forecast; improvidence. [Little used.]

Brown.

Imprudence

IMPRU'DENCE, noun [French from Latin imprudentia; in and prudentia, prudence.]

Want of prudence; indiscretion; want of caution, circumspection, or a due regard to the consequences of words to be uttered or actions to be performed, or their probable effects on the interest, safety, reputation or happiness of one's self or others; heedlessness; inconsideratness; rashness. Let a man of sixty attempt to enumerate the evils which his imprudence has brought on himself, his family, or his neighbors.

Imprudent

IMPRU'DENT, adjective [French from Latin imprudens; in and prudens, prudent.]

Wanting prudence or discretion; indiscrete; injudicious; not attentive to the consequences of words or actions; rash; heedless. The imprudent man often laments his mistakes, and then repeats them.

Imprudently

IMPRU'DENTLY, adverb Without the exercise of prudence; indiscretely.

Impudence

IM'PUDENCE, noun [French from Latin impudens; in and pudens, from pudeo, to be ashamed.]

Shamelessness; want of modesty; effrontery; assurance accompanied with a disregard of the opinions of others.

Those clear truths, that either their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it impudence to deny.

Locke.

Impudent

IM'PUDENT, adjective [French from Latin impudens.] Shameless; wanting modesty; bold with contempt of others; saucy.

When we behold an angel, not to fear Is to be impudent.

Dryden.

Impudently

IM'PUDENTLY, adverb Shamelessly; with indecent assurance.

At once assail

With open mouths, and impudently rail.

Sandys.

Impudicity

IMPUDIC'ITY, noun [Latin impudicitia.] Immodesty.

Sheldon.

Impugn

IMPU'GN, v. t. impu'ne. [French impugner; Spanishimpugnar; Latin impugno; in and pugno, to fight or resist.]

To oppose; to attack by words or arguments; to contradict. The lawfulness of lots is impugned by some, and defended by others.

The truth hereof I will not rashly impugn, or over-boldly affirm.

Peacham.

Impugnation

IMPUGNA'TION, noun Opposition. [Little used.]

Bp. Hall.

Impugned

IMPU'GNED, participle passive Opposed; contradicted; disputed.

Impugner

IMPU'GNER, noun One who opposes or contradicts.

Impugning

IMPU'GNING, participle of the present tense Opposing; attacking; contradicting.

Impuissance

IMPUIS'SANCE, noun [French; in and puissance.] Impotence; weakness. Obs.

Bacon.

Impulse

IM'PULSE, n. im'puls. [Latin impulsus, from impello. See Impel.]

1. Force communicated; the effect of one body acting on another. Impulse is the effect of motion, and is in proportion to the quantity of matter and velocity of the impelling body.

2. Influence acting on the mind; motive.

These were my natural impulses for the undertaking.

Dryden.

3. Impression; supposed supernatural influence on the mind.

Meantime, by Jove's impulse, Mezentius armed,

Succeeded TurnusÃ‚--

Dryden.

Impulsion

IMPUL'SION, noun [French from Latin impulsio. See Impel.]

1. The act of driving against or impelling; the agency of a body in motion on another body.

Bacon.

2. Influence on the mind; impulse.

Milton.

Impulsive

IMPULS'IVE, adjective [French impulsif. See Impel.] Having the power of driving or impelling; moving; impellent.

Poor men! poor papers! We and they

Do some impulsive force obey.

Prior.

Impulsively

IMPULS'IVELY, adverb With force; by impulse.

Impunity

IMPU'NITY, noun [French impunitÃƒ-©; Latin impunitas; in and punio, to punish.]

1. Exemption from punishment or penalty. No person should be permitted to violate the laws with impunity. Impunity encourages men in crimes.

2. Freedom or exemption from injury. Some ferocious animals are not to be encountered with impunity.

Impure

IMPU'RE, adjective [French impur; Latin impurus; in and purus, pure.]

1. Not pure; foul; feculent; tinctured; mixed or impregnated with extraneous substance; as impure water or air; impure salt or magnesia.

2. Obscene; as impure language or ideas.

3. Unchaste; lewd; unclean; as impure actions.

4. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; as persons.

5. Unhallowed; unholy; as things.

6. Unclean; in a legal sense; not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses.

Impure

IMPU'RE, verb transitive To render foul; to defile. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Impurely

IMPU'RELY, adverb In an impure manner; with impurity.

Impureness

IMPU'RENESS, or IMPU'RITY, noun [French impuretÃƒ-© Latin impuritas, supra.]

1. Want of purity; foulness; feculence; the admixture of a foreign substance in any thing; as the impurity of water, of air, of spirits, or of any species of earth or metal.

2. Any foul matter.

3. Unchastity; lewdness.

The foul impurities that reigned among the monkish clergy.

Atterbury.

4. Want of sancity or holiness; defilement by guilt.

5. Want of ceremonial purity; legal pollution or uncleanness. By the Mosaic law, a person contracted impurity by touching a dead body or a leper.

6. Foul language; obscenity.

Profaneness, impurity, or scandal, is not wit.

Buckminster.

Impurple

IMPUR'PLE, verb transitive [in and purple; French empourprer.]

To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; as a field impurpled with blood.

The bright Pavement, that like a sea of jasper shone, impurpled with celestial roses, smil'd.

Milton.

Impurpling

IMPUR'PLING, participle of the present tense Tinging or coloring with purple.

Imputable

IMPU'TABLE, adjective [See Impute.] That may be imputed or charged to a person; chargeable. Thus we say, crimes, sins, errors, trespasses are imputable to those who commit them.

2. That may be ascribed to; in a good sense. This favor is imputable to your goodness, or to a good motive.

3. Accusable; chargeable with a fault. [Not proper.]

Ayliffe.

4. That may be set to the account of another. It has been a question much agitated, whether Adam's sin is imputable to his posterity.

Imputableness

IMPU'TABLENESS, noun The quality of being imputable.

Norris.

Imputation

IMPUTA'TION, noun [French from imputer.] The act of imputing or charging; attribution; generally in an ill sense; as the imputation of crimes or faults to the true authors of them. We are liable to the imputation or numerous sins and errors, to the imputation of pride, vanity and self-confidence; to the imputation of weakness and irresolution, or of rashness.

2. Sometimes in a good sense.

If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the imputation of being near their master.

Shak.

3. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach.

Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless imputations of our enemies, and to rise above them.

Addison.

4. Hint; slight notice. Qu. intimation.

Shak.

Imputative

IMPU'TATIVE, adjective That may be imputed.

Imputatively

IMPU'TATIVELY, adverb By imputation.

Encyc.

Impute

IMPU'TE, verb transitive [French imputer; Italian imputare; Spanish imputar; Latin imputo; in and puto, to think, to reckon; properly, to set, to put, to throw to or on.]

1. To charge; to attribute; to set to the account of; generally ill, sometimes good. We impute crimes, sins, trespasses, faults, blame, &c., to the guilty persons. We impute wrong actions to bad motives, or to ignorance, or to folly and rashness. We impute misfortunes and miscarriages to imprudence.

And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness. Romans 4.

2. To attribute; to ascribe.

I have read a book imputed to lord Bathurst.

Swift.

3. To reckon to one what does not belong to him.

It has been held that Adam's sin is imputed to all his posterity.

Encyc.

Thy merit

Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own both righteous and unrighteous deeds.

Milton.

Imputed

IMPU'TED, participle passive Charged to the account of; attributed; ascribed.

Imputer

IMPU'TER, noun One that imputes or attributes.

Imputing

IMPU'TING, participle of the present tense Charging to the account of; attributing; ascribing.

Imputrescible

IMPUTRES'CIBLE, adjective [in and Latinputresco, to putrefy.]

Not subject to putrefaction of corruption.

In

IN, a prefix, Latin in, is used in composition as a particle of negation, like the English un, of which it seems to be a dialectical orthography; or it denotes within, into, or among, as in inbred, incase; or it serves only to augment or render emphatical the sense of the word to which it is prefixed, as in inclose, increase.

In, before l, is changed into il, as in illusion; and before r, into ir, as in irregular; and into im, before a labial, as in imbitter, immaterial, impatient.

In

IN, preposition [Latin in; Greek; Gothic and Saxon in; French en; Spanish en; Italian in; Germanin or ein; Dutch in; Danish ind; Swedish in; Welsh yn; Sanscrit antu.]

In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded by limits; as in a house; in a fort; in a city. It denotes a state of being mixed, as sugar in tea; or combined, as carbonic acid in coal, or latent heat in air. It denotes present in any state; as in sickness or health. It denotes present in time; as in that hour or day. The uses of in, however, cannot, in all cases, be defined by equivalent words, except by explaining the phrase in which it is used; as in deed; in fact; in essence; in quality; in reason; in courage; in spirits, &c. A man in spirits or good courage, denotes one who possesses at the time spirits or courage; in reason is equivalent to with reason; one in ten denotes one of that number, and we say also one of, ten, and one out of ten.

In the name, is used in phrases of invoking, swearing, declaring, praying, &c. In prayer, it denotes by virtue of, or for the sake of. In the name of the people, denotes on their behalf or part; in their stead, or for their sake.

In, in many cases, is equivalent to on. This use of the word is frequent in the as, Scriptures; as, let fowls multiply in the earth. This use is more frequent in England than in America. We generally use on, in all similar phrases.

In signifies by or through. In thee shall all nations be blessed. I am glorified in them.

In that, is sometimes equivalent to because.

Some things they do in that they are men; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error.

Hooker.

In these and similar phrases, that is an antecedent, substitute, or pronoun relating to the subsequent part of the sentence, or the subsequent clause. God commendeth his love towards us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. That is, in the fact stated in the latter clause, for which that is the substitute. Romans 5.

In as much, seeing; seeing that; this being the fact. I will ride for health, inasmuch as I am infirm.

In is often used without the noun to which it properly belongs. I care not who is in, or who is out, that is, in office, or out of office. Come in, that is, into the house or other place. Who has or will come in, that is, into office. A vessel has come in, that is, into port, or has arrived.

To be or keep in with, to be close or near. Keep the ship in with the land.

Inability

INABIL'ITY, noun [French inhabilitÃƒ-©; Latin inhabilis; in and habilis, Norm. hable, able.]

1. Want of sufficient physical power or strength; as the inability of a man to raise an arm or a leg.

3. Want of adequate means; as an inability to purchase a farm, or to fit out a ship.

3. Want of moral power. Moral inability is considered to be want of inclination, disposition or will, or a deep-rooted aversion to act, and therefore improperly so called.

Moral inability aggravates our guilt.

Scott.

4. Want of intellectual strength or force; as an inability to comprehend a mathematical demonstration.

5. Want of knowledge or skill; as an inability to read or write.

Inablement

INA'BLEMENT, noun [See Enable.] Ability. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Inabstinence

INAB'STINENCE, noun [in and abstinence.] A not abstaining; a partaking; indulgence of appetite; as the inabstinence of Eve.

Milton.

Inabusively

INABU'SIVELY, adverb Without abuse.

Latin North.

Inaccessibility

INACCESSIBIL'ITY, or INACCESS'IBLENESS, noun [from inaccessible.]

The quality or state of being inaccessible, or not to be reached.

Inaccessible

INACCESS'IBLE, adjective [in and accessible.]

1. Not to be reached; as an inaccessible highth or rock. The depths of the sea are inaccessible.

2. Not to be obtained. The necessary vouchers are inaccessible.

3. Not to be approached; forbidding access; as an inaccessible prince.

Inaccessibly

INACCESS'IBLY, adverb So as not to be approached.

Warton.

Inaccuracy

INAC'CURACY, noun [from inaccurate.] Want of accuracy or exactness; mistake; fault; defect; error; as an inaccuracy in writing, in a transcript, or in a calculation.

Inaccurate

INAC'CURATE, adjective [in and accurate.] Not accurate; not exact or correct; not according to truth; erroneous; as an inaccurate man; he is inaccurate in narration; the transcript or copy is inaccurate; the instrument is inaccurate.

Inaccurately

INAC'CURATELY, adverb Not according to truth; incorrectly; erroneously. The accounts are inaccurately stated.

Inaction

INAC'TION, noun [French; in and action.] Want of action; forbearance of labor; idleness; rest.

Pope.

Inactive

INAC'TIVE, adjective [in and active.] Not active; inert; having no power to move. Matter is, per se, inactive.

2. Not active; not diligent or industrious; not busy; idle. Also, habitually idle; indolent; sluggish; as an inactive officer.

Inactively

INAC'TIVELY, adverb Idly; sluggishly; without motion, labor or employment.

Inactivity

INACTIV'ITY, noun [in and activity.] Inertness; as the inactivity of matter.

2. Idleness, or habitual idleness; want of action or exertion; sluggishness.

Swift.

Inactuate

INAC'TUATE, verb transitive To put in action. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Inactuation

INACTUA'TION, noun Operation. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Inadequacy

INAD'EQUACY, noun [from inadequate.] The quality of being unequal or insufficient for a purpose.

The inadequacy and consequent inefficacy of the alledged causesÃ‚--

Dwight.

2. Inequality.

Dr. Price considers this inadequacy of representation as our fundamental grievance.

Burke.

3. Incompleteness; defectiveness; as the inadequacy of ideas.

Inadequate

INAD'EQUATE, adjective [in and adequate, Latin adoequatus, from adoequo, to equal.]

1. Not equal to the purpose; insufficient to effect the object; unequal; as inadequate power, strength, resources.

2. Not equal to the real state or condition of a thing; not just or in due proportion; partial; incomplete; as inadequate ideas of God, of his perfections, or moral government; an inadequate compensation for services.

3. Incomplete; defective; not just; as inadequate representation or description.

Inadequately

INAD'EQUATELY, adverb Not fully or sufficiently; not completely.

Inadequateness

INAD'EQUATENESS, noun The quality of being inadequate; inadequacy; inequality; incompleteness.

Inadequation

INADEQUA'TION, noun Want of exact correspondence.

Puller.

Inadhesion

INADHE'SION, n. s as z. [in and adhesion.] Want of adhesion; a not adhering.

Porcelain clay is distinguished from colorific earths by inadhesion to the fingers.

Kirwan.

Inadmissibility

INADMISSIBIL'ITY, noun [from inadmissible.] The quality of being inadmissible, or not proper to be received; as the inadmissibility of an argument, or of evidence in court, or of a proposal in a negotiation.

Inadmissible

INADMIS'SIBLE, adjective [French; in and admissible, from admitto, to admit.]

Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed or received; as inadmissible testimony; an inadmissible proposition.

Inadvertence

INADVERT'ENCE, or INADVERT'ENCY, noun [French inadvertance from Latin in and advertens, adverto. See Advert.]

1. A not turning the mind to; inattention; negligence; heedlessness. Many mistakes and some misfortunes proceed from inadvertence.

2. The effect of inattention; any oversight, mistake or fault which proceeds from negligence of thought.

The productions of a great genius, with many lapses and inadvertencies, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior kind of author.

Addison.

Inadvertent

INADVERT'ENT, adjective [Latin in and advertens.] Not turning the mind to; heedless; careless; negligent.

Inadvertently

INADVERT'ENTLY, adverb Heedlessly; carelessly; from want of attention; inconsiderately.

Inaffability

INAFFABIL'ITY, noun Reservedness in conversation.

Inaffable

INAF'FABLE, adjective Not affable; reserved.

Inaffectation

INAFFECTA'TION, noun Destitution of affected manner.

Inaffected

INAFFECT'ED, adjective Unaffected. [Not used.]

Inaidable

INA'IDABLE, adjective That cannot be assisted.

Shak.

Inalienable

INA'LIENABLE, adjective [French; in and alienable, from Latin alieno, alienus.]

Unalienable; that cannot be legally or justly alienated or transferred to another. The dominions of a king are inalienable. All men have certain natural rights which are inalienable. The estate of a minor is inalienable, without a reservation of the right of redemption, or the authority of the legislature.

Inalienableness

INA'LIENABLENESS, noun The state of being inalienable.

Scott.

Inalienably

INA'LIENABLY, adverb In a manner that forbids alienation; as rights inalienably vested.

Inalimental

INALIMENT'AL, adjective [in and aliment.] Affording no nourishment.

Bacon.

Inalterability

INALTERABIL'ITY, noun [from inalterable.] The quality of not being alterable or changeable.

Fourcroy.

Inalterable

INAL'TERABLE, adjective [in and alterable.] That cannot or may not be altered or changed; unalterable.

Hakewill.

Inamiable

INA'MIABLE, adjective Unamiable. [Not in use.]

Inamiableness

INA'MIABLENESS, noun Unamiableness. [Not in use.]

Inamissible

INAMIS'SIBLE, adjective [Latin in and amitto, to lose.] Not to be lost. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Inamissibleness

INAMIS'SIBLENESS, noun The state of not being liable to be lost.

Inamorato

INAMORA'TO, noun [Latin in and amor, love.] A lover.

Marston.

Inane

INA'NE, adjective [Latin inanis, empty.] Empty; void; sometimes used as a noun, to express a void space.

Locke.

Inangular

INAN'GULAR, adjective Not angular. [Little used.]

Brown.

Inanimate

INAN'IMATE, verb transitive [infra.] To animate. [Little used.]

Inanimate

INAN'IMATE, adjective [Latin inanimatus; in and animo, animatus.]

1. Destitute of animal life. Plants, stones and earth are inanimate substances; a corpse is an inanimate body.

2. Destitute of animation or life.

Inanimated

INAN'IMATED, adjective Destitute of animal life.

Cheyne.

2. Not animated; not sprightly. [See Unanimated.]

Inanition

INANI'TION, noun [French from Latin inanis, empty.]

Emptiness; want of fullness; as inanition of body or of the vessels.

Burton.

Inanity

INAN'ITY, noun [Latin inanitas, from inanis, void.] Emptiness; void space; vacuity.

Digby.

Inappetence

INAP'PETENCE, or INAP'PETENCY, noun [in and appetence, Latin appetentia.] Want of appetence, or of a disposition to seek, select or imbibe nutriment. [See Appetence.]

2. Want of desire or inclination.

Cheyne.

Inapplicability

INAPPLICABIL'ITY, noun [from inapplicable.] The quality of not being applicable; unfitness.

Inapplicable

INAP'PLICABLE, adjective [in and applicable.] Not applicable; that cannot be applied; not suited or suitable to the purpose. The argument or the testimony is inapplicable to the case.

Inapplication

INAPPLICA'TION, noun [French; in and application.]

Want of application; want of attention or assiduity; negligence; indolence; neglect of study or industry.

Inapposite

INAP'POSITE, a. s as z. [in and apposite.] Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent; as an inapposite argument.

Inappreciable

INAPPRE'CIABLE, adjective [in and appreciable, from appreciate.]

1. Not to be appreciated; that cannot be duly valued.

2. That cannot be estimated.

Ure.

Inapprehensible

INAPPREHENS'IBLE, adjective Not intelligible.

Milton.

Inapprehensive

INAPPREHENS'IVE, adjective Not apprehensive; regardless.

Taylor.

Inapproachable

INAPPROACHABLE, adjective [in and approachable.] Not to be approached; inaccessible.

Inappropriate

INAPPRO'PRIATE, adjective [in and appropriate.] Not appropriate; unsuited; not proper.

J. P. Smith.

2. Not appropriate; not belonging to.

Med. Repos.

Inaptitude

INAPT'ITUDE, noun [in and aptitude.] Want of aptitude; unfitness; unsuitableness.

Burke.

Inaquate

INA'QUATE, adjective [Latin in and aquatus.] Embodied in water.

Cranmer.

Inaquation

INAQUA'TION, noun The state of being inaquate.

Gardner.

Inarable

INAR'ABLE, adjective [in and arable.] Not arable; not capable of being plowed or tilled.

Dict.

Inarch

IN`ARCH, verb transitive [in and arch.] To graft by approach; to graft by uniting a cion to a stock without separating it from its parent tree.

Miller. Encyc.

Inarched

IN`ARCHED, participle passive Grafted by approach.

Inarching

IN`ARCHING, participle of the present tense Grafting by approach.

Inarching

IN`ARCHING, noun A method of ingrafting, by which a cion, without being separated from its parent tree, is joined to a stock standing near.

Encyc.

Inarticulate

INARTIC'ULATE, adjective [in and articulate.] Not uttered with articulation or junction of the organs of speech; not articulate; not distinct, or with distinction of syllables. The sounds of brutes and fowls are, for the most part, inarticulate.

Inarticulately

INARTIC'ULATELY, adverb Not with distinct syllables; indistinctly.

Inarticulateness

INARTIC'ULATENESS, noun Indistinctness of utterance by animal voices; want of distinct articulation.

Inarticulation

INARTICULA'TION, noun Indistinctness of sounds in speaking.

Inartificial

INARTIFI'CIAL, adjective [in and artificial.]

1. Not done by art; not made or performed by the rules of art; formed without art; as an inartificial style of composition.

2. Simple; artless.

Inartificially

INARTIFI'CIALLY, adverb Without art; in an artless manner; contrary to the rules of art.

Collier.

Inattention

INATTEN'TION, noun [in and attention.] The want of attention, or of fixing the mind steadily on an object; heedlessness; neglect.

Novel lays attract our ravished ears,

But old, the mind with inattention hears.

Pope.

Inattentive

INATTENT'IVE, adjective [in and attentive.] Not fixing the mind on an object; heedless; careless; negligent; regardless; as an inattentive spectator or hearer; an inattentive habit.

Watts.

Inattentively

INATTENT'IVELY, adverb Without attention; carelessly; heedlessly.

Johnson.

Inaudible

INAUD'IBLE, adjective [in and audible.] That cannot be heard; as an inaudible voice or sound.

2. Making no sound; as the inaudible foot of time.

Shak.

Inaudibly

INAUD'IBLY, adverb In a manner not to be heard.

Colebrooke.

Inaugural

INAUG'URAL, adjective [Latin inauguro; in and augur.]

1. Pertaining to inauguration; as inaugural ceremonies.

2. Made or pronounced at an inauguration; as an inaugural address.

Inaugurate

INAUG'URATE, verb transitive [supra.] To introduce or induct into an office with solemnity or suitable ceremonies; to invest with an office in a formal manner; a word borrowed from the ceremonies used by the Romans when they were received into the college of augurs. Kings and emperors are inaugurated by coronation; a prelate, by consecration; and the president of a college by such ceremonies and forms as give weight and authority to the transaction.

2. To begin with good omens. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Inaugurate

INAUG'URATE, adjective Invested with office.

Drayton.

Inaugurated

INAUG'URATED, participle passive Inducted into office with appropriate ceremonies.

Inaugurating

INAUG'URATING, participle of the present tense Inducting into office with solemnities.

Inauguration

INAUGURA'TION, noun The act of inducting into office with solemnity; investiture with office by appropriate ceremonies.

Inauguratory

INAUG'URATORY, adjective Suited to induction into office; pertaining to inauguration; as inauguratory gratulations.

Johnson's Lives of the Poets.

Inauration

INAURA'TION, noun [Latin inauro, inauratus; in and aurum, gold.]

The act of process of gilding, or covering with gold.

Arbuthnot.

Inauspicate

INAUS'PICATE, adjective Ill omened.

Buck.

Imauspicious

IMAUSPI'CIOUS, adjective [in and auspicious.]

Ill omened; unfortunate; unlucky; evil; unfavorable. The war commenced at an inauspicious time, and its issue was inauspicious. The counsels of a bad man have an inauspicious influence on society.

Inauspiciously

INAUSPI'CIOUSLY, adverb With ill omens; unfortunately; unfavorably.

Inauspiciousness

INAUSPI'CIOUSNESS, noun Unluckiness; unfavorableness.

Inbeing

IN'BEING, noun [in and being.] Inherence; inherent existence; inseparableness.

Watts.

Inborn

IN'BORN, adjective [in and born.] Innate; implanted by nature; as inborn passions; inborn worth.

Dryden. Addison.

Inbreathed

IN'BREATHED, adjective [in and breathe.] Infused by inspiration.

Milton.

Inbred

IN'BRED, adjective [in and bred, breed.] Bred within; innate; natural; as inbred worth; inbred affection.

Dryden.

Inbreed

INBREE'D, verb transitive To produce or generate within.

Bp. Reynolds.

Inca

IN'CA, noun The name or title given by the natives of Peru to their kings and to the princes of the blood, before the conquest of that country by the Spaniards.

Incage

INCA'GE, verb transitive [in and cage.] To confine in a cage; to coop up; to confine to any narrow limits.

Shak.

Incaged

INCA'GED, participle passive Cooped up; confined to a cage or to narrow limits.

Incaging

INCA'GING, participle of the present tense Confining to a cage or to narrow limits.

Incagement

INCA'GEMENT, noun Confinement in a cage.

Shelton.

Incalculable

INCAL'CULABLE, adjective That cannot be calculated; beyond calculation.

Incalculably

INCAL'CULABLY, adverb In a degree beyond calculation.

Incalescence

INCALES'CENCE, or INCALES'CENCY, noun [Latin incalescens, incalesco; in and calesco, caleo, to be hot.]

A growing warm; incipient or increasing heat.

Ray.

Incalescent

INCALES'CENT, adjective Growing warm; increasing in heat.

Incameration

INCAMERA'TION, noun [in and camera, a chamber, or arched roof.]

The act or process of uniting lands, revenues or other rights to the pope's domain.

Encyc.

Incandescence

INCANDES'CENCE, noun [Latin incandescens, incandesco; in and candesco; candeo, caneo, to be white, to shine; canus, white.]

A white heat; or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by intense heat. We say, a metal is heated to incandescence.

Incandescent

INCANDES'CENT, adjective White or glowing with heat.

Incantation

INCANTA'TION, noun [Latin incantatio, incanto; in and canto, to sing.]

The act of enchanting; enchantment; the act of using certain formulas of words and ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits.

Encyc. Bacon.

Incantatory

INCANTA'TORY, adjective Dealing by enchantment; magical.

Brown.

Incanting

INCANT'ING, adjective Enchanting. [Not used.]

Incanton

INCAN'TON, verb transitive [in and canton.] To unite to a canton or separate community.

Addison.

Incapability

INCAPABIL'ITY, or INCA'PABLENESS, noun [from incapable.] The quality of being incapable; natural incapacity or want of power; as the incapableness of a child to comprehend logical syllogisms.

2. Want of legal qualifications or of legal power; as the incapability of holding an office.

Incapable

INCA'PABLE, adjective [French; in and capable.]

1. Wanting capacity sufficient; not having room sufficient to contain or hold; followed by of. We say, a vessel is incapable of containing or holding a certain quantity of liquor; but I believe we rarely or never say, a vessel is incapable of that quantity.

2. Wanting natural power or capacity to learn, know, understand or comprehend. Man is incapable of comprehending the essence of the Divine Being. An idiot is incapable of learning to read.

3. Not admitting; not in a state to receive; not susceptible of; as, a bridge is incapable of reparation.

4. Wanting power equal to any purpose.

Is not your father grown incapable

Of reasonable affairs?

Shak. [See No. 2.]

5. Wanting moral power or disposition. He is incapable of a dishonorable act.

6. Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; not having the legal or constitutional qualifications. A man not thirty years of age is unqualified, and therefore incapable of holding the office of president of the United States; a man convicted on impeachment is disqualified, and therefore incapable of holding any office of honor or profit under the government.

Incapable properly denotes a want of passive power, the power of receiving, and is applicable particularly to the mind; unable denotes the want of active power or power of performing, and is applicable to the body or the mind. [See Incapacity.]

Incapacious

INCAPA'CIOUS, adjective [in and capacious.] Not capacious; not large or spacious; narrow; of small content; as an incapacious soul.

Burnet.

Incapaciousness

INCAPA'CIOUSNESS, noun Narrowness; want of containing space.

Incapacitate

INCAPAC'ITATE, verb transitive [in and capacitate.]

1. To deprive of capacity or natural power of learning, knowing, understanding or performing. Old age and infirmity often incapacitate men to exercise the office of a judge.

2. To render or make incapable; as, infancy incapacitates a child for learning algebra.

3. To disable; to weaken; to deprive of competent power or ability. This is an improper use of the word. The loss of an arm, disables a soldier, but does not incapacitate him.

4. To render unfit; as, infancy incapacitates one for marriage.

5. To disqualify; to deprive of legal or constitutional requisites; as, conviction of a crime incapacitates one to be a witness.

Incapacitation

INCAPACITA'TION, noun Want of capacity; disqualification.

Burke.

Incapacity

INCAPAC'ITY, noun [in and capacity.] Want of capacity, intellectual power, or the power of receiving, containing or understanding; applied to the mind, and it may be natural or casual. There is a natural incapacity in children to comprehend difficult propositions in logic or metaphysics, and a natural incapacity in men to comprehend the nature of spiritual beings. The defect of understanding proceeding from intoxication, or from an injury done to the brain, is a casual incapacity.

2. Want of qualification or legal requisites; inability; as the incapacity of minors to make binding contracts.

3. Disqualification; disability by deprivation of power; as the incapacity of a convict to give testimony in a court of law.

Incarcerate

INC`ARCERATE, verb transitive [Latin incarcero; in and carcer, a prison, Spanish carcel, Saxon carcoern, Gothic karkara, German, Dutch kerker, Welsh carcar. Carcer seems to be allied to Welsh carc, cark, care; showing that the primary sense is to press or strain.]

1. To imprison; to confine in a jail.

2. To confine; to shut up or inclose.

Harvey.

Incacerate

INC`ACERATE, adjective Imprisoned; confined.

More.

Incarceration

INCARCERA'TION, noun The act of imprisoning or confining; imprisonment.

Incarn

INC`ARN, verb transitive [Latin incarno; in and caro, carnis, flesh.]

To cover with flesh; to invest with flesh.

Wiseman.

Incarn

INCARN, verb intransitive To breed flesh.

Wiseman.

Incarnadine

INC`ARNADINE, adjective [French incarnadin; Italian incarnatino; Latin in and caro, flesh.]

Flesh-colored; of a carnation color; pale red.

Shak.

Incarnadine

INCARNADINE, verb transitive To dye red or flesh-color. [Little used.]

Incarnate

INCARNATE, verb transitive [French incarner; Spanish encarnar; Italian incarnare; Latin incarno; in and caro, flesh.]

To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh.

Milton. Asiat. Res.

Incarnate

INC`ARNATE, adjective Invested with flesh; embodied in flesh; as the incarnate Son of God.

2. In Scotland, of a red color; flesh-colored.

Icarnation

ICARNA'TION, noun The act of clothing with flesh.

2. The act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body and the nature of man; as the incarnation of the Son of God.

3. In surgery, the process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh.

Encyc.

Incarnative

INC`ARNATIVE, adjective [French incarnatif.] Causing new flesh to grow; healing.

Encyc.

Incarnative

INC`ARNATIVE, noun A medicine that tends to promote the growth of new flesh, and assist nature in the healing of wounds.

Encyc.

Incase

INCA'SE, verb transitive [in and case.] To inclose in a case.

2. To inclose; to cover or surround with something solid.

Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase.

Pope.

Incased

INCA'SED, participle passive Inclosed as in a case, sheath or box.

Incasing

INCA'SING, participle of the present tense Inclosing as in a case.

Incask

INC`ASK, verb transitive To put into a cask.

Sherwood.

Incastellated

INCAS'TELLATED, adjective Confined or inclosed in a castle.

Incatenation

INCATENA'TION, noun [Latin catena, a chain.]

The act of linking together.

Goldsmith.

Incautious

INCAU'TIOUS, adjective [in and cautious.] Not cautious; unwary; not circumspect; heedless; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; as incautious youth.

Incautiously

INCAU'TIOUSLY, adverb Unwarily; heedlessly; without due circumspection.

Incautiousness

INCAU'TIOUSNESS, noun Want of caution; unwariness; want of foresight.

Incavated

INCAVATED, adjective [Latin in and cavo, to make hollow.] Made hollow; bent round or in.

Incavation

INCAVATION, noun The act of making hollow.

2. A hollow made.

Incend

INCEND', verb transitive [Latin incendo.] To inflame; to excite. [Little used.]

Marston.

Incendiary

INCEND'IARY, noun [Latin incendiarius, from incendo, to burn; in and candeo, to shine, or be on fire.]

1. A person who maliciously sets fire to another man's dwelling house, or to any outhouse, being parcel of the same, as to barn or stable; one who is guilty of arson.

2. Any person who sets fire to a building.

3. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels.

Several cities of Greece drove them out as incendiaries.

Bentley.

Incendiaries of figure and distinction, who are the inventors and publishers of gross falsehoods, cannot be regarded but with the utmost detestation.

Addison.

4. He or that which excites.

Incendiary

INCEND'IARY, adjective Pertaining to the malicious burning of a dwelling; as an incendiary purpose.

2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition or quarrels.

Incense

IN'CENSE, n. in'cens. [Latin incensum, burnt, from incendo, to burn; Italian incenso; French encens.]

1. Perfume exhaled by fire; the odors of spices and gums, burnt in religious rites, or as an offering to some deity.

A thick cloud of incense went up.

Ezekiel 8.

2. The materials burnt for making perfumes. The incense used in the Jewish offerings was a mixture of sweet spices, stacte, onycha, galbanum, and the gum of the frank-incense tree.

Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein and put incense thereon. Leviticus 10.

3. Acceptable prayers and praises. Malachi 1.

4. In the Materia Medica, a dry resinous substance known by the name of thus and olibanum.

Encyc.

Incense

IN'CENSE, verb transitive in'cens. To perfume with incense. In the Romish church, it is the deacon's office to incense the officiating priest or prelate, and the choir.

Encyc.

Incense

INCENSE, v. t. incens.' To enkindle or inflame to violent anger; to excite angry passions; to provoke; to irritate; to exasperate; to heat; to fire. It expresses less than enrage.

How could my pious son thy power incense.

Dryden.

Incensed

INCENS'ED, participle passive Inflamed to violent anger; exasperated.

Incensement

INCENSEMENT, n. incens'ment. Violent irritation of the passions; heat; exasperation. It expresses less than rage and fury.

Shak.

Incensing

INCENS'ING, participle of the present tense Inflaming to anger; irritating; exasperating.

Incension

INCEN'SION, noun [Latin incensio, from incendo, to burn.]

The act of kindling; the state of being on fire.

Bacon.

Incensive

INCENS'IVE, adjective Tending to excite or provoke.

Barrow.

Incensor

INCENS'OR, noun [Latin] A kindler of anger; an inflamer of the angry passions.

Incensory

INCENS'ORY, noun The vessel in which incense is burnt and offered. [We generally use censer.]

Ainsworth.

Incentive

INCEN'TIVE, adjective [Low Latin incentivus, from incendo, to burn.] Inciting; encouraging or moving.

Competency is the most incentive to industry.

Decay of Piety.

Incentive

INCEN'TIVE, noun [Low Latin incentivum.]

1. That which kindles or inflames; used now in a figurative sense only.

2. That which moves the mind or operates on the passions; that which incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur. The love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two most powerful incentives to action.

Inception

INCEP'TION, noun [Latin inceptio, from incipio, to begin; in and capio, to take.] Begining.

Bacon.

I hope this society will not be marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay.

Rawle.

Inceptive

INCEP'TIVE, adjective [Latin inceptivus, from incipio, to begin.]

Beginning; noting beginning; as an inceptive proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of action.

A point is inceptive of a line, and a line is inceptive of a surface.

Inceptor

INCEP'TOR, noun A beginner; one in the rudiments.

Walton.

Inceration

INCERA'TION, noun [Latin incero, from cera.] The act of covering with wax.

Incertain

INCER'TAIN, adjective [in and certain.] Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady.

Fairfax.

Incertainly

INCER'TAINLY, adverb Doubtfully.

Incertainty

INCER'TAINTY, noun Uncertainty; doubt.

Davies.

Incertitude

INCER'TITUDE, noun [Latin incertitudo, from incertus; in and certus, certain.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt.

Incessable

INCES'SABLE, adjective Unceasing; continual. [Little used.]

Shelton.

Incessancy

INCES'SANCY, noun [from incessant.] Unintermitted continuance; unceasingness.

Dwight.

Incessant

INCES'SANT, adjective [Latin in and cessans, from cesso, to cease.]

Unceasing; unintermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as incessant rains; incessant clamors.

Milton. Pope.

Incessantly

INCES'SANTLY, adverb Without ceasing; continually.

Spenser.

Incest

IN'CEST, noun [French inceste; Latin incestum; in and castus, chaste.]

The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by the law of a country.

Spiritual incest, is a like crime committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation. It is also understood of a vicar or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other.

Encyc.

Incestuous

INCEST'UOUS, adjective Guilty of incest; as an incestuous person.

2. Involving the crime of incest; as an incestuous connection.

Incestuously

INCEST'UOUSLY, adverb In an incestuous manner; in a manner to involve the crime of incest.

Incestuousness

INCEST'UOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being incestuous.

Bp. Hall.

Inch

INCH, noun [Saxon ince; Latin uncia, the twelfth part; Greek, but said to be from the Latin.]

1. A lineal measure in Great Britain and the United States, being the twelfth part of a foot, and equal to the length of three barley corns.

2. Proverbially, a small quantity or degree; as, to die by inches; to gain ground by inches.

3. A precise point of time.

Beldame, I think, we watch'd you at an inch. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Inch

INCH, verb transitive To drive by inches or small degrees. [Little used.]

Dryden.

2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [Little used.]

Ainsworth.

Inch

INCH, verb intransitive To advance or retire by small degrees. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Inched, is added to words of number; as four-inched.

Shak.

But in America the common practice is to add only inch; as a seven-inch cable.

Incharitable

INCHAR'ITABLE, adjective Uncharitable. [The latter is the word used.]

Inchastity

INCHAS'TITY, noun [in and chastity.] Lewdness; impurity; unchastity.

J. Edwards.

Inchest

INCHEST', verb transitive To put into a chest.

Sherwood.

Inch-Meal

INCH'-MEAL, noun [inch and meal.] A piece an inch long.

Shak.

Inchoate

IN'CHOATE, verb transitive [Latin inchoo.] To begin. [Little used.]

More.

Inchoate

IN'CHOATE, adjective Begun; commenced.

It is neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate.

Raleigh.

Inchoately

IN'CHOATELY, adverb In an incipient degree.

Inchoation

INCHOA'TION, noun The act of beginning; commencement; inception.

The setting on foot some of those arts in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them. [Little used.]

Hale.

Inchoative

INCHO'ATIVE, adjective Noting beginning; inceptive; as an inchoative verb, otherwise called inceptive.

Incide

INCI'DE, verb transitive [Latin incido; in and coedo, to strike.]

To cut; to separate; as medicines. Obs.

Quincy. Arbuthnot.

Incidence

IN'CIDENCE, noun [Latin incidens; incido, to fall on; in and cado, to fall.]

1. Literally, a falling on; whence, an accident or casualty.

Shak.

2. The manner of falling on, or the direction in which one body falls on or strikes another. The angle which the line of falling, or the direction of a moving body striking another, makes with the plane struck, is called the angle of incidence. When rays of light striking a body are reflected, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal.

In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions.

Newton.

Incident

IN'CIDENT, adjective Falling; casual; fortuitous; coming or happening occasionally, or not in the usual course of things, or not according to expectation or in connection with the main design.

As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so man's rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered.

Hooker.

A proposition introduced by who, which, whose, whom, &c. is called an incident proposition; as, Julius, whose surname was Cesar, overcame Pompey.

Watts.

2. Happening; apt to happen; as intemperate passions incident to human nature; diseases incident to a climate; misfortunes incident to the poor.

3. Appertaining to or following the chief or principal. A court baron is incident to a manor.

Encyc.

Incident

IN'CIDENT, noun That which falls out; an event; casualty.

2. That which happens aside of the main design; an episode or subordinate action.

No person, no incident in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design.

Dryden.

Incidental

INCIDENT'AL, adjective Happening; coming without design; casual; accidental; as an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence.

2. Not necessary to the chief purpose; occasional.

By some persons, religious duties appear to be regarded as an incidental business.

Rogers.

Incidental

INCIDENT'AL, noun An incident. [Little used.]

Pope.

Incidentally

INCIDENT'ALLY, adverb Casually; without intention; accidentally. I was incidentatly present when the conversation took place.

2. Beside the main design; occasionally.

I treat either purposely or incidentally of colors.

Boyle.

Incidently

IN'CIDENTLY, adverb Occasionally; by the way. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Incinerate

INCIN'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin in and cinis, cineris, ashes.] To burn to ashes.

Bacon.

Incinerated

INCIN'ERATED, participle passive Burnt to ashes.

Incinerating

INCIN'ERATING, participle of the present tense Reducing to ashes by combustion.

Incineration

INCINERA'TION, noun The act of reducing to ashes by combustion.

Boyle. Encyc.

Incipiency

INCIP'IENCY, noun Beginning; commencement.

Incipient

INCIP'IENT, adjective [Latin incipiens, incipio; in and capio, to take.]

Beginning; commencing; as the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light or day.

Incirclet

INCIR'CLET, noun A small circle.

Sidney.

Incircumscriptible

INCIRCUMSCRIP'TIBLE, adjective That cannot be circumscribed or limited.

Cranmer.

Incircumspection

INCIRCUMSPECTION, noun [in and circumspection.] Want of circumspection; heedlessness.

Brown.

Incise

INCI'SE, v. t. s as z. [French inciser.] To cut in; to carve.

Carew.

Incised

INCI'SED, adjective [Latin incisus, from incido, to cut.]

Cut; made by cutting; as an incised wound; incised lips.

Wiseman.

Incisely

INCI'SELY, adverb In the manner of incisions or notches.

Eaton.

Incision

INCIS'ION, n. s as z. [French; Latin incisio, from incido, to cut.]

1. A cutting; the act of cutting into a substance.

2. A cut; a gash; the separation of the surface of any substance made by a sharp instrument. The surgeon with his knife makes an incision in the flesh, and the gardener, in a tree; but we do not say, an incision is made with a plow or a spade; at least such phraseology is unusual.

3. Separation of viscid matter by medicines. Obs.

Bacon.

Incisive

INCI'SIVE, adjective [French incisif.] Having the quality of cutting or separating the superficial part of any thing.

Incisive teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters.

Incisor

INCI'SOR, noun [Latin] A cutter; a fore tooth, which cuts, bites or separates.

Incisory

INCI'SORY, adjective Having the quality of cutting.

Incisure

INCIS'URE, noun [Latin incisura.] A cut; a place opened by cutting; an incision.

Derham.

Incitant

INCI'TANT, noun [from incite.] That which excites action in an animal body.

Darwin.

Incitation

INCITA'TION, noun [Latin incitatio. See Incite.]

1. The act of inciting or moving to action; incitement.

Brown.

2. Incitement; incentive; motive; that which excites to action; that which rouses or prompts.

Government of the Tongue.

Incite

INCI'TE, verb transitive [Latin incito; in and cito, to call, to stir up.]

1. To move the mind to action by persuasion or motives presented; to stir up; to rouse; to spur on.

Antiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans.

Bacon.

2. To move to action by impulse or influence.

No blown ambition does our arms incite.

Shak.

3. To animate; to encourage.

Incited

INCI'TED, participle passive Moved to action; stirred up; spurred on.

Incitement

INCI'TEMENT, noun That which incites the mind or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse.

From the long records of a distant age,

Derive incitements to renew thy rage.

Pope.

Inciter

INCI'TER, noun He or that which incites or moves to action.

Inciting

INCI'TING, participle of the present tense Exciting to action; stirring up.

In general, incite denotes to operate on the mind or will; excite has the same sense, but it extends also to the passions and to material substances; as, to excite action in the heart and arteries.

Incivil

INCIV'IL, adjective [in and civil.] Uncivil; rude; unpolite. [But uncivil is generally used.]

Incivility

INCIVIL'ITY, noun [French incivilite.] Want of courtesy; rudeness of manners towards others; impoliteness.

Tillotson.

2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding; with a plural. Loud laughter and uncomely jests in respectable company, are incivilities and indecencies.

Incivilly

INCIV'ILLY, adverb Uncivilly; rudely.

Incivism

INCIV'ISM, noun [in and civism.] Want of civism; want of love to one's country or of patriotism; unfriendliness to the state or government of which one is a citizen.

Ames.

Inclasp

INCL`ASP, verb transitive To clasp; to hold fast.

Cudworth.

Inclavated

IN'CLAVATED, adjective Set; fast fixed.

Dict.

Incle

IN'CLE, noun A kind of tape made of linen yarn.

Encyc.

Inclemency

INCLEM'ENCY, noun [French inclemence; Latin inclementia. See Clemency.]

1. Want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; harshness; severity; applied to persons.

2. Roughness; boisterousness; storminess; or simply raininess; severe cold, &c.; applied to the weather. We were detained by the inclemency of the weather.

Inclement

INCLEM'ENT, adjective Destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.

2. Rough; stormy; boisterous; rainy; rigorously cold, &c.; as inclement weather; inclement sky.

Pope.

Inclinable

INCLI'NABLE, adjective [Latin inclinabilis. See Incline.]

1. Leaning; tending; as a tower inclinable to fall.

Bentley.

2. Having a propension of will; leaning in disposition; somewhat disposed; as a mind inclinable to truth.

Milton.

Inclination

INCLINA'TION, noun [French from Latin inclinatio. See Incline.]

1. A leaning; any deviation of a body or line from an upright position, or from a parallel line, towards another body; as the inclination of the head in bowing.

2. In geometry, the angle made by two lines or planes that meet; as, the inclination of axis of the earth to the plane of the ecliptic is 23Ã‚-°28'.

3. A leaning of the mind or will; propension or propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another. The prince has no inclination to peace. The bachelor has manifested no inclination to marry. Men have a natural inclination to pleasure.

A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing.

South.

4. Love; affection; regard; desire; with for. Some men have an inclination for music, others for painting.

5. Disposition of mind.

Shak.

6. The dip of the magnetic needle, or its tendency to incline towards the earth; also, the angle made by the needle with the horizon.

Enfield.

7. The act of decanting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel.

Quincy.

Inclinatorily

INCLI'NATORILY, adverb Obliquely; with inclination.

Brown.

Inclinatory

INCLI'NATORY, adjective Having the quality of leaning or inclining.

Brown.

Incline

INCLI'NE, verb intransitive [Latin inclino; in and clino, Greek, Saxon hlinian, hleonian, hlynian, to lean, German lehnen, Dutch leunen, Russian Klonyu and nakloniayu, Irish cleonaim; French incliner; Portugese Spanish inclinar; Italian inclinare, inchinare, chinare. Class Ln.]

1. To lean; to deviate from an erect or parallel line toward any object; to tend. Converging lines incline toward each other. A road inclines to the north or south. Connecticut river runs south, inclining in some part of its course to the west, and below Middletown, it inclines to the east.

2. To lean; in a moral sense; to have a propension; to be disposed; to have some wish or desire.

Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges 9.

3. To have an appetite; to be disposed; as, to be inclined to eat.

Incline

INCLI'NE, verb transitive To cause to deviate from an erect, perpendicular or parallel line; to give a leaning to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right.

2. To give a tendency or propension to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose.

Incline our hearts to keep this law.

Common Prayer.

Incline my heart to thy testimonies. Psalm 119.

3. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility.

Inclined

INCLI'NED, participle passive Having a leaning or tendency; disposed.

Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane.

Incliner

INCLI'NER, noun An inclined dial.

Inclining

INCLI'NING, participle of the present tense Leaning; causing to lean.

Inclining

INCLI'NING, adjective Leaning.

Inclip

INCLIP', verb transitive [in and clip.] To grasp; to inclose; to surround.

Shak.

Incloister

INCLOIS'TER, verb transitive [in and cloister.] To shut up or confine in a cloister. [But cloister is generally used.]

Inclose

INCLO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French enclos; Spanish Italian incluso; Latin inclusus, includo; in and claudo, or cludo.]

1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; as, to inclose a field with a fence; to inclose a field with a fence; to inclose a fort or any army with troops; to inclose a town with walls.

2. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands.

3. To include; to shut or confine; as, to inclose trinkets in a box.

4. To environ; to encompass.

5. To cover with a wrapper or envelop; to cover under seal; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note.

Inclosed

INCLO'SED, participle passive Surrounded; encompassed; confined on all sides; covered and sealed; fenced.

Incloser

INCLO'SER, noun He or that which incloses; one who separates land from common grounds by a fence.

Inclosing

INCLO'SING, participle of the present tense Surrounding; encompassing; shutting in; covering and confining.

Inclosure

INCLO'SURE, noun The act of inclosing.

2. The separation of land from common ground into distinct possessions by a fence.

3. The appropriation of things common.

Taylor.

4. State of being inclosed, shut up or encompassed.

Ray.

5. A space inclosed or fenced; a space comprehended within certain limits.

6. Ground inclosed or separated from common land.

7. That which is inclosed or contained in an envelop, as a paper.

Washington.

Incloud

INCLOUD', verb transitive [in and cloud.] To darken; to obscure.

Shak.

Inclouded

INCLOUD'ED, participle passive Involved in obscurity.

Inclouding

INCLOUD'ING, participle of the present tense Darkening; obscuring.

Include

INCLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin includo; in; and cludo, to shut up; French enclorre.]

1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a shell. [But in these senses we more commonly use inclose.]

2. To comprise; to comprehend; to contain. The history of England necessarily includes a portion of that of France. The word duty, includes what we owe to God, to our fellow men, and to ourselves; it includes also a tax payable to the government.

Included

INCLU'DED, participle passive Contained; comprehended.

Including

INCLU'DING, participle of the present tense Containing; comprising.

Inclusion

INCLU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin inclusio.] The act of including.

Inclusive

INCLU'SIVE, adjective [French inclusif.] Inclosing; encircling.

Shak.

2. Comprehended in the number or sum; as from Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday.

Inclusively

INCLU'SIVELY, adverb Comprehending the thing mentioned; as from Monday to Saturday inclusively.

Incoagulable

INCOAG'ULABLE, adjective [in and coagulable.] That cannot be coagulated or concreted.

Incoercible

INCOER'CIBLE, adjective [in and coercible, from coerce.]

Not to be coerced or compelled; that cannot be forced.

Black.

Incoexistence

INCOEXIST'ENCE, noun [in and coexistence.] A not existing together. [Not common.]

Locke.

Incog

INCOG', adverb [contracted from incognito.] In concealment; in disguise; in a manner not to be known.

Incogitancy

INCOG'ITANCY, noun [Latin incogitantia; in and cogito, to think.]

Want of thought, or want of the power of thinking.

Decay of Piety.

Incogitant

INCOG'ITANT, adjective Not thinking; thoughtless

Milton.

Incogitantly

INCOG'ITANTLY, adverb Without consideration.

Boyle.

Incogitative

INCOG'ITATIVE, adjective [in and cogitative.] Not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as, a vegetable is an incogitative being.

Locke.

Incognito

INCOG'NITO, adverb [Latin incognitus; in and cognitus, known.] In concealment; in a disguise of the real person.

Incognizable

INCOGN'IZABLE, a. incon'izable. [in and cognizable.]

That cannot be recognized, known or distinguished.

The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become incognizableÃ‚--

Tooke.

Incoherence

INCOHE'RENCE, or INCOHE'RENCY, noun [in and coherence.]

1. Want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence; looseness or unconnected state of parts, as of a powder.

Boyle.

2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement, or dependence of one part on another; as the incoherence of arguments, facts or principles.

3. Inconsistency; that which does not agree with other parts of the same thing.

Incoherent

INCOHE'RENT, adjective [in and coherent.]

1. Wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; not fixed to each other; applied to material substances.

Woodward.

2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; as, the thoughts of a dreaming man, and the language of a madman, are incoherent.

Incoherently

INCOHE'RENTLY, adverb Inconsistently; without coherence of parts; as, to talk incoherently.

Incoincidence

INCOIN'CIDENCE, noun [in and coincidence.] Want of coincidence or agreement.

Incoincident

INCOIN'CIDENT, adjective [in and coincident.] Not coincident; not agreeing in time, place or principle.

Incolumity

INCOLU'MITY, noun [Latin incolumitas.] Safety; security.

Howell.

Incombine

INCOMBI'NE, verb intransitive To differ. [Ill formed.]

Milton.

Incombustibility

INCOMBUSTIBIL'ITY, noun [from incombustible.]

The quality of being incapable of being burnt or consumed.

Ray.

Incombustible

INCOMBUST'IBLE, noun [in and combustible.] Not to be burnt, decomposed or consumed by fire. Amianth is an incombustible substance.

Incombustibleness

INCOMBUST'IBLENESS, noun Incombustibility.

Income

IN'COME, n. in'cum. [in and come.] That gain which proceeds from labor, business or property of any kind; the produce of a farm; the rent of houses; the proceeds of professional business; the profits of commerce or of occupation; the interest of money or stock in funds. Income is often used synonymously with revenue, but income is more generally applied to the gain of private persons, and revenue to that of a sovereign or of a state. We speak of the annual income of a gentleman, and the annual revenue of the state.

2. A coming in; admission; introduction. [Not in use.]

Incoming

IN'COMING, adjective Coming in.

Burke.

Incoming

IN'COMING, noun [in and come.] Income; gain.

Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations.

Tooke.

Incommensurability

INCOMMENSURABIL'ITY, noun [from incommensurable.]

The quality or state of a thing, when it has no common measure with another thing, or when the same thing will not exactly measure both.

Incommensurable

INCOMMEN'SURABLE, adjective [in and commensurable.]

Having no common measure. Two lines are incommensurable, when, compared to each other, they have no common measure, that is, no measure that will exactly measure both. Quantities are incommensurable, when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both.

Encyc.

Incommensurate

INCOMMEN'SURATE, adjective [in and commensurate.]

1. Not admitting of a common measure.

More.

2. Not of equal measure or extent; not adequate. Our means are incommensurate to our wants.

Incommensurately

INCOMMEN'SURATELY, adverb Not in equal or due measure or proportion.

Cheyne.

Incommiscible

INCOMMIS'CIBLE, adjective [in and commix.] That cannot be commixed or mutually mixed.

Incommixture

INCOMMIX'TURE, noun A state of being unmixed.

Brown.

Incommode

INCOMMO'DE, verb transitive [Latin incommodo; in and commodo, con and modus.]

To give inconvenience to; to give trouble to; to disturb or molest in the quiet enjoyment of something, or in the facility of acquisition. It denotes less than annoy, vex or harass. We are incommoded by want of room to sit at ease. Visits of strangers at unseasonable hours, incommode a family. Often we are incommoded by a fashionable dress.

Incommoded

INCOMMO'DED, participle passive Put to inconvenience; molested.

Incommoding

INCOMMO'DING, participle of the present tense Subjecting to trouble or inconvenience.

Incommodious

INCOMMO'DIOUS, adjective [Latin incommodus.] Inconvenient; not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble, without much injury. A seat in church, or the site of a house may be incommodious.

Incommodiously

INCOMMO'DIOUSLY, adverb In a manner to create inconvenience; inconveniently; unsuitably.

Incommodiousness

INCOMMO'DIOUSNESS, noun Inconvenience; unsuitableness.

Incommodity

INCOMMOD'ITY, noun [French incommoditÃƒ-©; Latin incommoditas.] Inconvenience; trouble. [Now little used.]

Bacon.

Incommunicability

INCOMMUNICABIL'ITY, or INCOMMU'NICABLENESS, noun [from incommunicable.] The quality of not being communicable, or capable of being imparted to another.

Incommunicable

INCOMMU'NICABLE, adjective [in and communicable.]

1. That cannot be communicated or imparted to others.

2. That cannot or may not be communicated, told or revealed to others.

South.

Incommunicably

INCOMMU'NICABLY, adverb In a manner not to be imparted or communicated.

Hakewill.

Incommunicated

INCOMMU'NICATED, adjective Not imparted.

Incommunicating

INCOMMU'NICATING, adjective Having no communion or intercourse with each other; as an administration in incommunicating hands.

Hale.

Incommunicative

INCOMMU'NICATIVE, adjective Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in conversation.

2. Not disposed to hold communion, fellowship or intercourse with.

The ChineseÃ‚--an incommunicative nation.

Buchanan.

Incommutability

INCOMMUTABIL'ITY, or INCOMMU'TABLENESS, noun The quality of being incommutable.

Incommutable

INCOMMU'TABLE, adjective [in and commutable.]

Not to be exchanged or commuted with another.

Incommutably

INCOMMU'TABLY, adverb Without reciprocal change.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Incompact

INCOMPACT', or INCOMPACT'ED, adjective [in and compact.] Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid.

Boyle.

Incomparable

INCOM'PARABLE, adjective [in and comparable.] That admits of no comparison with others; usually in a good sense, but it may be properly used in a bad sense. When we say, an incomparable man, we mean a man of good qualities, or of some excellence that raises him above comparison or equality with others. So we say, incomparable excellence, virtue, wit, &c. But incomparable baseness or malignity may be used with propriety.

Incomparableness

INCOM'PARABLENESS, noun Excellence beyond comparison.

Incomparably

INCOM'PARABLY, adverb Beyond comparison; without competition. Newton was incomparably the greatest philosopher the English nation had produced.

Incompared

INCOMPA'RED, adjective Not matched; peerless.

Spenser.

Incompassionate

INCOMPAS'SIONATE, adjective [in and compassionate.]

Void of compassion or pity; destitute of tenderness.

Johnson.

Incompassionately

INCOMPAS'SIONATELY, adverb Without pity or tenderness.

Incompassionateness

INCOMPAS'SIONATENESS, noun Want of pity.

Granger.

Incompatibility

INCOMPATIBIL'ITY, noun [from incompatible.]

1. Inconsistency; that quality or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it should subsist or be consistent with something else. There is a permanent incompatibility between truth and falsehood.

2. Irreconcilable disagreement. During the revolution in France, incompatibility of temper was deemed a sufficient cause for divorcing man and wife.

Incompatible

INCOMPAT'IBLE, adjective [French from the Latin in and competo, to suit, to be proper or convenient; con and peto, to press toward, to seek, or press on. It was formerly incompetible.]

1. Inconsistent; that cannot subsist with something else. Thus, truth and falsehood are essentially incompatible, as are virtue and vice. A degree of cold that congeals water is incompatible with vegetation.

Dissipation is incompatible with health, reputation and virtue.

2. Irreconcilably different or disagreeing; incongruous; as incompatible tempers.

3. Legally or constitutionally inconsistent; that cannot be united in the same person, without violating the law or constitution. By our constitution, the offices of a legislator and of a judge are incompatible, as they cannot be held at the same time by the same person.

Incompatibly

INCOMPAT'IBLY, adverb Inconsistently; incongruously.

Incompetence

INCOM'PETENCE, or INCOM'PETENCY, noun [French incompetence, from incompetent.]

1. Inability; want of sufficient intellectual powers or talents; as the incompetency of infants or idiots.

2. Want of natural adequate strength of body or of suitable faculties; as the incompetency of the eyes to discern the motions of the heavenly bodies.

3. Want of legal or constitutional qualifications; as the incompetency of a witness.

4. Want of adequate means.

5. Insufficiency; inadequacy; as the incompetency of testimony.

Incompetent

INCOM'PETENT, adjective [French from Latin in and competens, competo. See Incompatible.]

1. Wanting adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties; as an incompetent judge. Infancy, derangement, want of learning or dotage may render a person incompetent to fill an office or to transact business.

2. Wanting due strength or suitable faculties; unable.

3. Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications. A person convicted of a crime, is an incompetent witness in a court of law or equity.

4. Destitute of means; unable.

5. Inadequate; insufficient; as incompetent testimony.

6. Unfit; improper; legally unavailable.

It is incompetent for the defendant to make this defense.

Mass. Rep.

Incompetently

INCOM'PETENTLY, adverb Insufficiently; inadequately; not suitably.

Incomplete

INCOMPLE'TE, adjective [in and complete.] Not finished. The building is incomplete.

2. Imperfect; defective.

Incompletely

INCOMPLE'TELY, adverb Imperfectly.

Incompleteness

INCOMPLE'TENESS, noun An unfinished state; imperfectness; defectiveness.

Incomplex

INCOMPLEX', adjective [in and complex.] Not complex; uncompounded; simple.

Incompliance

INCOMPLI'ANCE, noun [in and compliance.]

1. Defect of compliance; refusal to comply with solicitations.

2. Untractableness; unyielding temper or constitution.

Self-conceit produces peevishness and incompliance of humor in things lawful and indifferent.

Tillotson.

Incompliant

INCOMPLI'ANT, adjective [in and compliant.] Unyielding to request or solicitation; not disposed to comply.

Incomposed

INCOMPO'SED, adjective [in and composed.] Disordered; disturbed. [But this word is little used. Instead of it we use discomposed.]

Incomposite

INCOM'POSITE, a. incom'pozit. [in and composite.] Uncompounded; simple.

Incompossibility

INCOMPOSSIBIL'ITY, noun [in and composible.]

The quality of not being possible but by the negation or destruction of something; inconsistency with something. [Little used.]

More. Hale.

Incompossible

INCOMPOS'SIBLE, adjective [in, con, and possible.]

Not possible to be or subsist with something else. [This and the preceding word are little used, and can hardly be considered as legitimate English words.]

Incomprehensibility

INCOMPREHENSIBIL'ITY, noun [See the next word.]

The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of human intellect; inconceivableness.

Campbell.

Incomprehensible

INCOMPREHENS'IBLE, adjective [French See Comprehend.]

1. That cannot be comprehended or understood; that is beyond the reach of human intellect; inconceivable. The nature of spiritual being is incomprehensible to us, or by us.

2. Not to be contained. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Incomprehensibleness

INCOMPREHENS'IBLENESS, noun Incomprehensibility, which see.

Incomprehensibly

INCOMPREHENS'IBLY, adverb In a manner which the human mind cannot comprehend or understand; inconceivably.

Locke.

Incomprehension

INCOMPREHEN'SION, noun Want of comprehension or understanding.

Bacon.

Incomprehensive

INCOMPREHENS'IVE, adjective Not comprehensive; not extensive.

Warton.

Incompressibility

INCOMPRESSIBIL'ITY, noun [See Incompressible.]

The quality of resisting compression, or of being incapable of reduction by force into a smaller compass.

Incompressible

INCOMPRESS'IBLE, adjective [in and compressible.]

Not to be compressed; not capable of being reduced by force into a smaller compass; resisting compression. Water is not wholly incompressible.

Inconcealable

INCONCE'ALABLE, adjective [in and concealable.]

Not concealable; not to be hid or kept secret.

Brown.

Inconceivable

INCONCE'IVABLE, adjective [in and conceivable; French inconcevable.]

1. That cannot be conceived by the mind; incomprehensible. It is inconceivable to us, how the will acts in producing muscular motion.

2. That cannot be understood.

Inconceivableness

INCONCE'IVABLENESS, noun The quality of being inconceivable; incomprehensibility.

Inconceivably

INCONCE'IVABLY, adverb In a manner beyond comprehension, or beyond the reach of human intellect.

South.

Inconceptible

INCONCEP'TIBLE, adjective Inconceivable. [Little used.]

Hale.

Inconcinnity

INCONCIN'NITY, noun [Latin inconcinnitas.] Unsuitableness; want of proportion.

More.

Inconcludent

INCONCLU'DENT, adjective [Latin in and concludens, concludo, to conclude.]

Not inferring a conclusion or consequence. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Inconcluding

INCONCLU'DING, adjective Inferring no consequence.

Pearson.

Inconclusive

INCONCLU'SIVE, adjective [in and conclusive.] Not producing a conclusion; not closing, concluding or settling a point in debate or a doubtful question. An argument or evidence is inconclusive, when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or doubt.

Inconclusively

INCONCLU'SIVELY, adverb Without such evidence as to determine the understanding in regard to truth or falsehood.

Inconclusiveness

INCONCLU'SIVENESS, noun Want of such evidence as to satisfy the mind of truth or falsehood, and put an end to debate.

Inconcoct

INCONCOCT', adjective Inconcocted.

Inconcocted

INCONCOCT'ED, adjective [in and concoct.] Not fully digested; not matured; unripened.

Bacon.

Inconcoction

INCONCOC'TION, noun [in and concoction.] The state of being indigested; unripeness; immaturity.

Bacon.

Inconcurring

INCONCUR'RING, adjective [in and concurring, from concur.] Not concurring; not agreeing.

Brown.

Inconcussible

INCONCUS'SIBLE, adjective That cannot be shaken.

Reynolds.

Incondensability

INCONDENSABIL'ITY, noun [See Incondensable.] The quality of being not condensable.

Incondensable

INCONDENS'ABLE, adjective [in and condensable.]

1. Not capable of condensation; that cannot be made more dense or compact.

Black.

2. Not to be converted from a state of vapor to a fluid.

Incondite

INCON'DITE, adjective [Latin inconditus; in and condo, to build.]

Rude; unpolished; irregular. [Little used.]

Philips.

Inconditional

INCONDI'TIONAL, adjective [in and conditional.] Without any condition, exception or limitation; absolute. [Not now used. See Unconditional.]

Brown.

Inconditionate

INCONDI'TIONATE, adjective [in and condition.]

Not limited or restrained by conditions; absolute. [Not now used.]

Boyle.

Inconfirmed

INCONFIRMED, for unconfirmed, is not in use.

Inconformity

INCONFORM'ITY, noun [in and conformity.] Want of conformity; incompliance with the practice of others, or with the requisitions of law, rule or custom; non-conformity. [The latter word is more commonly used, especially to express dissent in religion.]

Inconfused

INCONFU'SED, a. s as z. Not confused; distinct.

Bacon.

Inconfusion

INCONFU'SION, noun Distinctness.

Bacon.

Incongenial

INCONGE'NIAL, adjective [in and congenial.] Not congenial; not of a like nature; unsuitable.

Incongeniality

INCONGENIAL'ITY, noun Unlikeness of nature; unsuitableness.

Incongruence

INCON'GRUENCE, noun [in and congruence.] Want of congruence, adaptation or agreement; unsuitableness. [Little used. We now use incongruity.]

Boyle.

Incongruent

INCON'GRUENT, adjective Unsuitable; inconsistent.

Elyot.

Incongruity

INCONGRU'ITY, noun [in and congruity.]

1. Want of congruity; impropriety; inconsistency; absurdity; unsuitableness of one thing to another. The levity of youth in a grave divine, is deemed an incongruity between manners and profession.

2. Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry.

Donne.

Incongruous

INCON'GRUOUS, adjective [Latin incongruus.] Not congruous; unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper. The dress of a seaman on a judge, would be deemed incongruous with his character and station.

Incongruously

INCON'GRUOUSLY, adverb Unsuitably; unfitly; improperly.

Inconnection

INCONNEC'TION, noun [in and connection.] Want of connection; loose, disjointed state.

Bp. Hall.

Inconscionable

INCON'SCIONABLE, adjective Having no sense of good and evil.

Spenser.

Inconsequence

INCON'SEQUENCE, noun [Latin inconsequentia.] Want of just inference; inconclusiveness.

Stellingfleet.

Inconsequent

INCON'SEQUENT, adjective Not following from the premises; without regular inference; as an inconsequent deduction or argument.

Brown.

Inconsequential

INCONSEQUEN'TIAL, adjective Not regularly following from the premises.

2. Not of consequence; not of importance; of little moment.

Chesterfield.

Inconsiderable

INCONSID'ERABLE, adjective [in and considerable.]

Not worthy of consideration or notice; unimportant; small; trivial. We speak of an inconsiderable distance; an inconsiderable quantity or amount; inconsiderable value. No sin is inconsiderable in the sight of a holy God.

Inconsiderableness

INCONSID'ERABLENESS, noun Small importance.

Tillotson.

Inconsiderably

INCONSID'ERABLY, adverb In a small degree; to a small amount; very little.

Inconsideracy

INCONSID'ERACY, noun Thoughtlessness; want of consideration. [Unusual.]

Chesterfield.

Inconsiderate

INCONSID'ERATE, adjective [Latin inconsideratus. See Consider.]

1. Not considerate; not attending to the circumstances which regard safety or propriety; hasty; rash; imprudent; careless; thoughtless; heedless; inattentive. The young are generally inconsiderate.

2. Proceeding from heedlessness; rash; as inconsiderate conduct.

3. Not duly regarding; with of, before the subject; as inconsiderate of consequences.

Inconsiderately

INCONSID'ERATELY, adverb Without due consideration or regard to consequences; heedlessly; carelessly; rashly; imprudently.

Addison.

Inconsiderateness

INCONSID'ERATENESS, noun Want of due regard to consequences; carelessness; thoughtlessness; inadvertence; inattention; imprudence.

Tillotson.

Inconsideration

INCONSIDERA'TION, noun [French; in and consideration.]

Want of due consideration; want of thought; inattention to consequences.

Taylor.

Inconsistence

INCONSIST'ENCE, or INCONSIST'ENCY, noun [in and consistence.]

1. Such opposition or disagreement as that one proposition infers the negation of the other; such contrariety between things that both cannot subsist together.

There is a perfect inconsistency between that which is of debt and that which is of free gift.

South.

2. Absurdity in argument or narration; argument or narrative where one part destroys the other; self-contradiction.

Johnson.

3. Incongruity; want of agreement or uniformity; as the inconsistency of a man with himself.

4. Unsteadiness; changeableness.

Inconsistent

INCONSIST'ENT, adjective Incompatible; incongruous; not suitable. Loud laughter in grave company is inconsistent with good breeding. Habitual gloom is inconsistent with health and happiness.

2. Not consistent; contrary, so that one infers the negation or destruction of the other; or so that the truth of one proves the other to be false. Two covenants, one that a man shall have an estate in fee, and the other that he shall hold it for years, are inconsistent.

3. Not uniform; being contrary at different times. Men are sometimes inconsistent with themselves.

Inconsistently

INCONSIST'ENTLY, adverb With absurdity; incongruously; with self-contradiction; without steadiness or uniformity.

Inconsistentness

INCONSIST'ENTNESS, noun Inconsistency. [Not in use.]

More.

Inconsisting

INCONSIST'ING, adjective Inconsistent. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Inconsolable

INCONSO'LABLE, adjective [in and consolable.] Not to be consoled; grieved beyond susceptibility of comfort.

Addison.

Inconsolably

INCONSO'LABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that does not admit of consolation.

Inconsonance

INCON'SONANCE, noun Disagreement of sounds; discordance.

Busby.

Inconsonancy

INCON'SONANCY, noun [in and consonancy.] Disagreement; inconsistency. In music, disagreement of sounds; discordance.

Inconsonant

INCON'SONANT, adjective Not agreeing; inconsistent; discordant.

Inconspicuous

INCONSPICUOUS, adjective [in and conspicuous.

1. Not discernible; not to be perceived by the sight.

Boyle.

2. Not conspicuous.

Inconstancy

INCON'STANCY, noun [Latin inconstantia. See Constancy.]

1. Mutability or instability of temper or affection; unsteadiness; fickleness.

Addison.

2. Want of uniformity; dissimilitude.

Woodward.

Inconstant

INCON'STANT, adjective [Latin inconstans; French inconstant.]

1. Mutable; subject to change of opinion, inclination or purpose; not firm in resolution; unsteady; fickle; used of persons; as inconstant in love or friendship.

2. Mutable; changeable; variable; used of things.

Inconstantly

INCON'STANTLY, adverb In an inconstant manner; not steadily.

Inconsumable

INCONSU'MABLE, adjective [in and consumable.]

Not to be consumed; that cannot be wasted.

Brown.

Inconsummate

INCONSUM'MATE, adjective [in and consummate.]

Not consummate; not finished; not complete.

Inconsummateness

INCONSUM'MATENESS, noun State of being incomplete.

Inconsumptible

INCONSUMP'TIBLE, adjective [Latin in and consumptus.]

1. Not to be spent, wasted or destroyed by fire. [Not used.]

Digby.

2. Not to be destroyed. [Not used.]

Incontestable

INCONTEST'ABLE, adjective [French] Not contestable; not to be disputed; not admitting debate; too clear to be controverted; incontrovertible; as incontestable evidence, truth or facts.

Incontestably

INCONTEST'ABLY, adverb In a manner to preclude debate; indisputably; incontrovertibly; indubitably.

Reid.

Incontiguous

INCONTIG'UOUS, adjective [in and contiguous.] Not contiguous; not adjoining; not touching; separate.

Boyle.

Incontinence

INCON'TINENCE, or INCON'TINENCY, noun [Latin incontinentia; French incontinence. See Continence.]

1. Want of restraint of the passions or appetites; free or uncontrolled indulgence of the passions or appetites, as of anger.

Gillies' Aristotle.

2. Want of restraint of the sexual appetite; free or illegal indulgence of lust; lewdness; used of either sex, but appropriately of the male sex. Incontinence in men is the same as unchastity in women.

3. Among physicians, the inability of any of the animal organs to restrain discharges of their, contents, so that the discharges are involuntary; also, the involuntary discharge itself; as an incontinence of urine in diabetes.

Incontinent

INCON'TINENT, adjective [Latin incontinens.] Not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging lust without restraint or in violation of law; unchaste; lewd.

2. Unable to restrain discharges.

In the sense of immediate or immediately, obs.

Incontinent

INCON'TINENT, noun One who is unchaste.

B. Jonson.

Incontinently

INCON'TINENTLY, adverb Without due restraint of the passions or appetites; unchastely.

2. Immediately. Obs.

Pope.

Incontracted

INCONTRACT'ED, adjective Not contracted; not shortened.

Blackwall.

Incontrollable

INCONTROLLABLE, adjective [in and controllable.]

Not to be controlled; that cannot be restrained or governed; uncontrollable.

Walsh.

Incontrollably

INCONTROLLABLY, adverb In a manner that admits of no control.

Incontrovertible

INCONTROVERT'IBLE, adjective [in and controvertible.]

Indisputable; too clear or certain to admit of dispute.

Incontrovertibly

INCONTROVERT'IBLY, adverb In a manner or to a degree that precludes debate or controversy.

Inconvenience

INCONVE'NIENCE, or INCONVE'NIENCY, noun [Latin inconveniens; in and convenio, conveniens.]

1. Unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpedience.

They plead against the inconvenience, not the unlawfulness of popish apparel.

Hooker.

2. That which gives trouble or uneasiness; disadvantage; any thing that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or increases the difficulty of action or success. Rain and bad roads are inconveniences to the traveler; want of utensils is a great inconvenience to a family; but the great inconvenience of human life is the want of money and the means of obtaining it.

Inconvenient

INCONVE'NIENT, adjective [French from the Latin supra.]

1. Incommodious; unsuitable; disadvantageous; giving trouble or uneasiness; increasing the difficulty of progress or sucess; as an inconvenient dress or garment; an inconvenient house; inconvenient customs; an inconvenient arrangement of business.

2. Unfit; unsuitable.

Hooker.

Inconveniently

INCONVE'NIENTLY, adverb Unsuitably; incommodiously; in a manner to give trouble; unseasonably.

Inconversable

INCONVERS'ABLE, adjective [in and conversable.]

Not inclined to free conversation; incommunicative; unsocial; reserved.

More.

Inconversant

INCON'VERSANT, adjective Not conversant; not familiar; not versed.

Shaw's Zool.

Inconvertibilty

INCONVERTIBIL'TY, noun [from inconvertible.]

The quality of not being changeable or convertible into something else; as the inconvertibility of bank notes or other currency into gold or silver.

Walsh.

Inconvertible

INCONVERT'IBLE, adjective [in and convertible.]

Not convertible; that cannot be transmuted or changed into something else. One metal is inconvertible into another. Bank notes are sometimes inconvertible into specie.

Walsh.

Inconvincible

INCONVIN'CIBLE, adjective [in and convincible.] Not convincible; that cannot be convinced; not capable of conviction.

Inconvincibly

INCONVIN'CIBLY, adverb In a manner not admitting of conviction.

Incony

INCO'NY, adjective or noun [Qu. in and con, to know.] Unlearned; artless; an accomplished person, in contempt. [Ill.]

Shak.

Incorporal

INCOR'PORAL, adjective [in and corporal.] Not consisting of matter or body; immaterial. [Incorporeal is generally used.]

Raleigh.

Incorporality

INCORPORAL'ITY, noun The quality of not consisting of matter; immateriality.

Incorporally

INCOR'PORALLY, adverb Without matter or a body; immaterially.

Incorporate

INCOR'PORATE, adjective [in and corporate.]

1. Not consisting of matter; not having a material body. [Little used.]

2. Mixed; united in one body; associated.

Bacon. Shak.

Incorporate

INCOR'PORATE, verb transitive [French incorporer; Spanish incorporar; Italian incorporare; Latin incorporo; in and corpus, a body.]

1. In pharmacy, to mix different ingredients in one mass or body; to reduce dry substances to the consistence of paste by the admixture of a fluid, as in making pills, &c.

Encyc.

2. To mix and embody one substance in another; as, to incorporate copper with silver.

3. To unite; to blend; to work into another mass or body; as, to incorporate plagiarisms into one's own composition.

4. To unite; to associate in another government or empire. The Romans incorporated conquered countries into their government.

Addison.

5. To embody; to give a material form to.

The idolaters, who worshiped their images as gods, supposed some spirit to be incorporated therein.

Stillingfleet.

6. To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute a body, composed of one or more individuals, with the quality of perpetual existence or succession, unless limited by the act of incorporation; as, to incorporate the inhabitants of a city, town or parish; to incorporate the proprietors of a bridge, the stockholders of a bank, of an insurance company, &c. New Haven was incorporated in January 1784; Hartford in May 1784.

Stat. of Connecticut.

Incorporate

INCOR'PORATE, verb intransitive To unite so as to make a part of another body; to be mixed or blended; to grow into, &c.; usually followed by with.

Painters' colors and ashes do better incorporate with oil.

Bacon.

Incorporated

INCOR'PORATED, participle passive Mixed or united in one body; associated in the same political body; united in a legal body.

Incorporating

INCOR'PORATING, participle of the present tense Mixing or uniting in one body or mass; associating in the same political body; forming a legal body.

Incorporation

INCORPORA'TION, noun The act of incorporating.

2. Union of different ingredients in one mass.

3. Association in the same political body; as the incorporation of conquered countries into the Roman republic.

4. Formation of a legal or political body by the union of individuals, constituting an artificial person.

Blackstone.

Incorporeal

INCORPO'REAL, adjective [French incorporel; Latin incorporalis, incorporeus.]

Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; immaterial. Spirits are deemed incorporeal substances.

Incorporeally

INCORPO'REALLY, adverb Without body; immaterially.

Bacon.

Incorporeity

INCORPORE'ITY, noun The quality of being not material; immateriality.

Incorpse

INCORPSE, v. t. incorps'. To incorporate. [Barbarous.]

Shak.

Incorrect

INCORRECT', adjective [in and correct.] Not correct; not exact; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; inaccurate; faulty.

The piece, you think, is incorrect.

Pope.

2. Not according to truth; inaccurate; as an incorrect statement, narration or calculation.

3. Not according to law or morality.

Incorrection

INCORREC'TION, noun Want of correction.

Arnway.

Incorrectly

INCORRECT'LY, adverb Not in accordance with truth or other standard; inaccurately; not exactly; as a writing incorrectly copied; testimony incorrectly stated.

Incorrectness

INCORRECT'NESS, noun Want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy. Incorrectness may consist in defect or in redundance.

Incorrigible

INCOR'RIGIBLE, adjective [French; in and corrigible; Latin corrigo: con and rego.]

1. That cannot be corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; as incorrigible error.

2. Too depraved to be corrected or reformed; as an incorrigible sinner; an incorrigible drunkard.

Incorrigibleness

INCOR'RIGIBLENESS, or INCORRIGIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being bad, erroneous or depraved beyond correction; hopeless depravity in persons and error in things.

Locke.

Incorrigibly

INCOR'RIGIBLY, adverb To a degree of depravity beyond all means of amendment.

Roscommon.

Incorrupt

INCORRUPT', or INCORRUPT'ED, adjective [Latin incorruptus; in and corrumpo, corruptus; con and rumpo, to break.]

Not corrupt; not marred, impaired or spoiled; not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; applicable to persons, principles or substances.

Milton.

Incorruptibility

INCORRUPTIBIL'ITY, noun [from incorruptible.]

The quality of being incapable of decay or corruption.

Incorruptible

INCORRUPT'IBLE, adjective [French; in and corruptible.]

1. That cannot corrupt or decay; not admitting of corruption. Thus gold, glass, mercury, &c., are incorruptible. Spirits are supposed to be incorruptible.

Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal substances.

Wake.

2. That cannot be bribed; inflexibly just and upright.

Incorruptibleness

INCORRUPT'IBLENESS, noun The quality of being incorruptible, or not liable to decay.

Boyle.

Incorruption

INCORRUP'TION, noun [in and corruption.] Incapacity of being corrupted.

It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption. 1 Corinthians 15.

Incorruptive

INCORRUPT'IVE, adjective Not liable to corruption or decay.

Akenside.

Incorruptness

INCORRUPT'NESS, noun Exemption from decay or corruption.

2. Purity of mind or manners; probity; integrity; honesty.

Woodward.

Incrassate

INCRAS'SATE, verb transitive [Latin incrasso, incrassatus; in and crassus, thick.]

1. To make thick or thicker; to thicken; the contrary to attenuate.

2. In pharmacy, to make fluids thicker by the mixture of other substances less fluid, or by evaporating the thinner parts.

Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or incrassate.

Newton.

Incrassate

INCRAS'SATE, verb intransitive To become thick or thicker.

Incrassate

INCRAS'SATE, or INCRAS'SATED, adjective In botany, thickened or becoming thicker towards the flower, as a peduncle.

Martyn.

2. Fattened.

Incrassated

INCRAS'SATED, participle passive Made thick or thicker.

Incrassating

INCRAS'SATING, participle of the present tense Rendering thick or thicker; growing thicker.

Incrassation

INCRASSA'TION, noun The act of thickening, or state of becoming thick or thicker.

Brown.

Incrassative

INCRAS'SATIVE, adjective Having the quality of thickening.

Incrassative

INCRAS'SATIVE, noun That which has the power to thicken.

Harvey.

Increasable

INCRE'ASABLE, adjective That may be increased.

Sherwood.

Increase

INCRE'ASE, verb intransitive [Latin incresco; in and cresco, to grow, French croÃƒ-®tre, Spanish crecer, Italian crescere, Armoric cresqi. As the Latin pret. is crevi, this word and the grow, are probably of the same family. Class Rd. No. 59. 75.]

1. To become greater in bulk or quantity; to grow; to augment; as plants. Hence, to become more in number; to advance in value, or in any quality good or bad. Animal and vegetable bodies increase by natural growth; wealth increases by industry; heat increases, as the sun advances towards the meridian; a multitude increases by accession of numbers; knowledge increases with age and study; passion and enmity increase by irritation, and misery increases with vice.

The Lord make you to increase and abound in love one toward another. 1 Thessalonians 3.

2. To become more violent; as, the fever increases; the pain increases; cold, wind or a storm increases.

3. To become more bright or vivid; as, the light increases.

4. To swell; to rise.

The waters increased and bore up the ark. Genesis 7.

5. To swell; to become louder, as sound.

6. To become of more esteem and authority.

He must increase, but I must decrease. John 3.

7. To enlarge, as the enlightened part of the moon's disk.

Increase

INCRE'ASE, verb transitive To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity or amount; as, to increase wealth or treasure; to increase a sum or value.

2. To advance in quality; to add to any quality or affection; as, to increase the strength of moral habits; to increase love, zeal or passion.

3. To extend; to lengthen; as, to increase distance.

4. To extend; to spread; as, to increase fame or renown.

5. To aggravate; as, to increase guilt or trespass.

Increase

INCRE'ASE, noun Augmentation; a growing larger; extension.

Of the increase of his government and peace, there shall be no end. Isaiah 9.

2. Increment; profit; interest; that which is added to the original stock.

Take thou no interest of him or increase; but fear thy God. Leviticus 25.

3. Produce, as of land.

Then shall the earth yield her increase. Psalm 67.

4. Progeny; issue; offspring.

All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age. 1 Samuel 2.

5. Generation.

Shak.

6. The waxing of the moon; the augmentation of the luminous part of the moon, presented to the inhabitants of the earth.

Seeds, hair, nails, hedges and herbs will grow soonest, if set or cut in the increase of the moon.

Bacon.

7. Augmentation of strength or violence; as increase of heat, love or other passion; increase of force.

8. Augmentation of degree; as increase of happiness or misery.

Increased

INCRE'ASED, participle passive Augmented; made or grown larger.

Increaseful

INCRE'ASEFUL, adjective Abundant of produce.

Shak.

Increaser

INCRE'ASER, noun He or that which increases.

Increasing

INCRE'ASING, participle of the present tense Growing; becoming larger; advancing in any quality, good or bad.

Increate

INCREA'TE, or INCREA'TED, adjective Uncreated, which see. [The latter is the word mostly used.]

Incredibility

INCREDIBIL'ITY, noun [French incredibilitÃƒ-©. See Incredible.]

The quality of surpassing belief, or of being too extraordinary to admit of belief.

Dryden.

Incredible

INCRED'IBLE, adjective [Latin incredibilis; in and credibilis, credible.]

That cannot be believed; not to be credited; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief.

Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead? Acts 26.

Incredibleness

INCRED'IBLENESS, noun Incredibility, which see.

Incredibly

INCRED'IBLY, adverb In a manner to preclude belief.

Incredulity

INCREDU'LITY, noun [French incredulitÃƒ-©.] The quality of not believing; indisposition to believe; a withholding or refusal of belief.

Raleigh.

Of every species of incredulity, religious unbelief is infinitely the most irrational.

Buckminster.

Incredulous

INCRED'ULOUS, adjective [Latin incredulus; in and credulus; credo, to believe.]

Not believing; indisposed to admit the truth of what is related; refusing or withholding belief.

Bacon.

Incredulousness

INCRED'ULOUSNESS, noun Incredulity, which see.

Incremable

INCREM'ABLE, adjective [Latin in and cremo.] That cannot be burnt. [Not used.]

Brown.

Increment

IN'CREMENT, noun [Latin incrementum, from incresco. See Increase.]

1. Increase; a growing in bulk, quantity, number, value or amount; augmentation.

2. Produce; production.

3. Matter added; increase.

4. In mathematics, the quantity by which a variable quantity increases; a differential quantity.

Increpate

IN'CREPATE, verb transitive [Latin increpo.] To chide; to rebuke. [Not in use.]

Increpation

INCREPA'TION, noun [Italian increpazione.] A chiding or rebuking; rebuke; reprehension.

Hammond.

Increscent

INCRES'CENT, adjective [Latin increscens. See Increase.]

Increasing; growing; augmenting; swelling.

Incriminate

INCRIM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin in and criminor, to accuse. See Crime.]

To accuse; to charge with a crime or fault.

Incruental

INCRUENT'AL, adjective [Latin incruentus.] Unbloody; not attended with blood. [Not in use.]

Incrust

INCRUST', verb transitive [Latin incrusto; in and crusto, to crust.]

To cover with a crust or with a hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of any substance; as iron incrusted with oxyd or rust; a vessel incrusted with salt.

Incrustate

INCRUST'ATE, verb transitive To incrust. [Less frequently used.]

Incrustation

INCRUSTA'TION, noun [French from Latin incrustatio.]

1. A crust or rough coat of any thing on the surface of a body.

2. A covering or lining of marble or other stone.

Addison.

Incrystalizable

INCRYS'TALIZABLE, adjective [in and crystalizable.]

That will not crystalize; that cannot be formed into crystals.

Incubate

IN'CUBATE, verb intransitive [Latin incubo; in and cubo, to lie down.] To sit, as on eggs for hatching.

Incubation

INCUBA'TION, noun [French from Latin incubatio.] The act of sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young.

Ray.

Incubature

INCU'BATURE, noun Incubation. [Not used.]

Incubus

IN'CUBUS, noun [Latin from incubo, to lie on.]

1. The nightmar; an oppression of the breast in sleep, or sense of weight, with an almost total loss of the power of moving the body, while the imagination is frightened or astonished.

2. A demon; an imaginary being or fairy.

Bp. Hall.

Inculcate

INCULC'ATE, verb transitive [Latin inculco, to drive or force on; in and calco, to tread, calx, the heel.]

To impress by frequent admonitions; to teach and enforce by frequent repetitions; to urge on the mind. Our Savior inculcates on his followers humility and forgiveness of injuries.

Inculcated

INCULC'ATED, participle passive Impressed or enforced by frequent admonitions.

Inculcating

INCULC'ATING, participle of the present tense Impressing or enforcing by repeated instruction.

Inculcation

INCULCA'TION, noun The action of impressing by repeated admonitions.

Inculpable

INCULP'ABLE, adjective [Latin in and culpabilis, from culpa, a fault.]

Without fault; unblamable; that cannot be accused.

South.

Inculpableness

INCULP'ABLENESS, noun Unblamableness.

Mountagu.

Inculpably

INCULP'ABLY, adjective Unblamably; without blame.

South.

Incult

INCULT', adjective [Latin incultus; in and cultus, from colo.]

Untilled; uncultivated.

Thomson.

Incultivated

INCUL'TIVATED, adjective Not cultivated; uncultivated.

Incultivation

INCULTIVA'TION, noun Neglect or want of cultivation.

Berington.

Inculture

INCUL'TURE, noun Want or neglect of cultivation.

Feltham.

Incumbency

INCUM'BENCY, noun [from incumbent.] A lying or resting on something.

2. The state of holding or being in possession of a benefice, or of an office.

These fines are to be paid to the bishop, only during his incumbency.

Swift.

There is no test of the tenure, but incumbency on the part of the king.

E. Everett.

Incumbent

INCUM'BENT, adjective [Latin incumbens, incumbo; in and cumbo, to lie down; Spanish incumbir.]

1. Lying or resting on.

And when to move to'incumbent load they try.

Addison.

2. Supported; buoyed up.

And fly incumbent on the dusky air.

Dryden.

3. Leaning on, or resting against; as incumbent stamens or anthers, in botany.

Martyn.

4. Lying on, as duty or obligation; imposed and emphatically urging or pressing to performance; indispensable.

All men, truly zealous, will perform those good works which are incumbent on all christians.

Sprat.

Incumbent

INCUM'BENT, noun The person who is in present possession of a benefice, or of any office. [It is applied to civil officers as well as to ecclesiastical.]

Incumber

INCUM'BER, verb transitive [French encombrer; Italian ingombrare.]

To burden with a load; to embarrass. [See Encumber, and its derivatives.]

Incumbrance

INCUM'BRANCE, noun A burdensome and troublesome load; any thing that impedes motion or action, or renders it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment; embarrassment.

2. A legal claim on the estate of another.

Incumbrancer

INCUM'BRANCER, noun One who has an incumbrance, or some legal claim on an estate.

Kent.

Incumbrous

INCUM'BROUS, adjective Cumbersome; troublesome. Obs.

Chaucer.

Incur

INCUR', verb transitive [Latin incurro, to run against; in and curro, to run; Italian incorrere; Spanish incurrir.]

1. Literally, to run against; hence, to become liable to; to become subject to. Thus, a thief incurs the punishment of the law by the act of stealing, before he is convicted, and we have all incurred the penalties of God's law.

2. To bring on; as, to incur a debt; to incur guilt; to incur the displeasure of God; to incur blame or censure.

3. To occur; to meet; to press on. Obs.

Bacon.

Incurability

INCURABIL'ITY, noun [French incurabilitÃƒ-©.] The state of being incurable; impossibility of cure; insusceptibility of cure or remedy.

Harvey.

Incurable

INCU'RABLE, adjective [French; in and curable.]

1. That cannot be cured; not admitting of cure; beyond the power of skill or medicine; as an incurable disease.

2. Not admitting remedy or correction; irremediable; remediless; as incurable evils.

Incurable

INCU'RABLE, noun A person diseased beyond the reach of cure.

Incurableness

INCU'RABLENESS, noun The state of not admitting cure or remedy.

Incurably

INCU'RABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that renders cure impracticable.

Incuriosity

INCURIOS'ITY, noun Want of curiosity; inattentiveness; indifference.

Wotton.

Incurious

INCU'RIOUS, adjective [in and curious.] Destitute of curiosity; not curious or inquisitive; inattentive.

Swift.

Incuriousness

INCU'RIOUSNESS, noun Want of curiosity or inquisitiveness.

Chesterfield.

Incurred

INCUR'RED, participle passive Brought on.

Incurring

INCUR'RING, participle of the present tense Becoming subject or liable to; bringing on.

Incursion

INCUR'SION, noun [French incursion; Latin incursio, from incurro. See Incur.]

1. Literally, a running into; hence, an entering into a territory with hostile intention; an inroad; applied to the expeditions of small parties or detachments of an enemy's army, entering a territory for attack, plunder or destruction of a post or magazine. Hence it differs from invasion, which is the hostile entrance of an army for conquest. During the revolution, the British troops made an incursion to Danbury, and destroyed the magazines. In opposing this incursion, Gen. Wooster was killed.

2. Attack; occurrence; as sins of daily incursion. [Unusual.]

South.

Incurvate

INCURV'ATE, verb transitive [Latin incurvo; in and curvus, bent.]

To bend; to crook; to turn from a right line or straight course.

Incurvate

INCURV'ATE, adjective Curved inwards or upwards.

Incurvated

INCURV'ATED, participle passive Bent; turned from a rectilinear direction.

Incurvating

INCURV'ATING, participle of the present tense Bending; turning from a right line.

Incurvation

INCURVA'TION, noun The act of bending.

2. The state of being bent, or turned from a rectilinear course; curvity; crookedness.

3. The act of bowing, or bending the body in respect or reverence.

Stillingfleet.

Incurve

INCURVE, verb transitive incurv'. To bend; to make crooked.

Incurvity

INCURV'ITY, noun [from Latin incurvus.] A state of being bent or crooked; crookedness; a bending inward.

Brown.

Indagate

IN'DAGATE, verb transitive [Latin indago.] To seek or search out. [Not used.]

Indagation

INDAGA'TION, noun The act of searching; search; inquiry; examination. [Little used.]

Boyle. Brown.

Indagator

IN'DAGATOR, noun A searcher; one who seeks or inquires with diligence. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Indart

IND`ART, verb transitive [in and dart.] To dart in; to thrust or strike in.

Shak.

Indebitatus assumpsit. [See Assumpsit.]

Indebt

INDEBT, a verb, is never used.

Indebted

INDEBT'ED, adjective indet'ted. [Italian indebitato.]

1. Being in debt; having incurred a debt; held or obliged to pay. A is indebted to B; he is indebted in a large sum, or to a large amount.

2. Obliged by something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due. We are indebted to our parents for their care of us in infancy and youth. We are indebted to God for life. We are indebted to the christian religion for many of the advantages, and much of the refinement of modern times.

Indebtedness

INDEBT'EDNESS, noun indet'tedness. The state of being indebted.

Indebtment

INDEBT'MENT, noun indet'ment. The state of being indebted. [Little used.]

Hall.

Indecency

INDE'CENCY, noun [French indecence; Italian indecenza; Latin indecens, indeceo; in and deceo, to become.]

That which is unbecoming in language or manners; any action or behavior which is deemed a violation of modesty, or an offense to delicacy, as rude or wanton actions, obscene language, and whatever tends to excite a blush in a spectator. Extreme assurance or impudence may also be deemed indecency of behavior towards superiors. [See Indecorum.]

Indecent

INDE'CENT, adjective [French from Latin indecens.] Unbecoming; unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and delicacy; as indecent language; indecent manners; an indecent posture or gesture.

Dryden.

Indecently

INDE'CENTLY, adverb In a manner to offend modesty or delicacy.

Indeciduous

INDECID'UOUS, adjective [in and deciduous.]

Not falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn; lasting; evergreen.

Indecimable

INDEC'IMABLE, adjective Not liable to the payment of tithes.

Cowel.

Indecision

INDECIS'ION, n. s. as z. [in and decision.]

Want of decision; want of settled purpose or of firmness in the determinations of the will; a wavering of mind; irresolution.

Burke.

Indecisive

INDECI'SIVE, adjective [in and decisive.] Not decisive; not bringing to a final close or ultimate issue; as an indecisive battle or engagement; an argument indecisive of the question.

2. Unsettled; wavering; vacillating; hesitating; as an indecisive state of mind; an indecisive character.

Indecisively

INDECI'SIVELY, adverb Without decision.

Indecisiveness

INDECI'SIVENESS, noun The state of being undecided; unsettled state; state of not being brought to a final issue.

Indeclinable

INDECLI'NABLE, adjective [French from Latin indeclinabilis; in and declino.]

Not declinable; not varied by terminations; as, pondo, in Latin, is an indeclinable noun.

Indeclinably

INDECLI'NABLY, adverb Without variation.

Mountagu.

Indecomposable

INDECOMPO'SABLE, a. s as z. [in and decomposable, decompose.]

Not capable of decomposition, or of being resolved into the primary constituent elements.

Encyc.

Indecomposableness

INDECOMPO'SABLENESS, noun Incapableness of decomposition.

Indecorous

INDEC'OROUS, adjective [Latin indecorus; in and decor, decus, deceo, to become.]

Unbecoming; violating good manners; contrary to the established rules of good breeding, or to the forms of respect which age and station require. It is indecorous in a young person to take the highest place in company, when his superiors are present. Indecorous is sometimes equivalent to indecent; but it is less frequently applied to actions which offend modesty and chastity.

Indecorously

INDEC'OROUSLY, adverb In an unbecoming manner.

Indecorousness

INDEC'OROUSNESS, noun Violation of good manners in words or behavior.

Indecorum

INDECO'RUM, noun [Latin in and decorum.] Impropriety of behavior; that in behavior or manners which violates the established rules of civility, or the duties of respect which age or station requires; an unbecoming action. It is sometimes synonymous with indecency; but indecency, more frequently than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or suppressed.

Indeed

INDEE'D, adverb [in and deed.] In reality; in truth; in fact.

The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Romans 8.

Indeed is usually emphatical, but in some cases more so than in others; as, this is true; it is indeed.

I were a beast indeed to do you wrong.

Dryden.

Some sons indeed, some very few we see, Who keep themselves from this infection free.

Dryden.

There is indeed, no greater pleasure in visiting these magazines a of warÃ‚--

Addison.

It is used to note concession or admission; as, ships not so large indeed, but better manned.

Indeed is used as an expression of surprise, or for the purpose of obtaining confirmation of a fact stated. Indeed! is it possible? is it so in fact?

Indefatigable

INDEFAT'IGABLE, adjective [Latin indefatigabilis; in and defatigo, fatigo, to fatigue.]

Unwearied; not tired; not exhausted by labor; not yielding to fatigue; as indefatigable exertions; indefatigable attendance or perseverance.

Upborne with indefatigable wings.

Milton.

Indefatigableness

INDEFAT'IGABLENESS, noun Unweariedness; persistency.

Parnell.

Indefatigably

INDEFAT'IGABLY, adverb Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue.

Dryden.

Indefatigation

INDEFATIGA'TION, noun Unweariedness. [Not used.]

Indefeasibility

INDEFEASIBIL'ITY, noun [from indefeasible.]

The quality or state of being not subject to be made void; as the indefeasibility of a title.

Indefeasible

INDEFE'ASIBLE, a. s as z. [in and defeasible; French defaire, defait, to undo, to defeat; de and faire, to make, Latin facio.]

Not to be defeated; that cannot be made void; as an indefeasible estate or title.

Indefeasibly

INDEFE'ASIBLY, adverb In a manner not to be defeated or made void.

Indefectibility

INDEFECTIBIL'ITY, noun [from indefeetible.]

The quality of being subject to no defect or decay.

Chaldee Observer.

Indefectible

INDEFECT'IBLE, adjective [in and defect.] Unfailing; not liable to defect, failure or decay.

Indefective

INDEFECT'IVE, adjective Not defective; perfect; complete.

South.

Indefeisible

INDEFE'ISIBLE, adjective Indefeasible. [Not used.]

Indefensibility

INDEFENSIBIL'ITY, noun [from indefensible.]

The quality or state of not being capable of defense or vindication.

Walsh.

Indefensible

INDEFENS'IBLE, adjective [in and defensible, from defend.]

1. That cannot be defended or maintained. A military post may be indefensible. A bad cause is indefensible.

2. Not to be vindicated or justified. An improper action or indecent expression is indefensible.

Indefensive

INDEFENS'IVE, adjective Having no defense.

Herbert.

Indeficiency

INDEFI'CIENCY, noun The quality of not being deficient, or of suffering no delay.

Indeficient

INDEFI'CIENT, adjective Not deficient; not failing; perfect.

Indefinable

INDEFI'NABLE, adjective That cannot be defined.

Reynolds.

Indefinite

INDEF'INITE, adjective [Latin indefinitus; in and definitus, definio, to define; de and finio, to end, finis, end.]

1. Not limited or defined; not determinate; not precise or certain; as an indefinite time. An indefinite proposition, term or phrase, is one which has not a precise meaning or limited signification.

2. That has no certain limits, or to which the human mind can affix none; as indefinite space. A space may be indefinite, though not infinite.

Indefinitely

INDEF'INITELY, adverb Without any settled limitation; as space indefinitely extended.

2. Not precisely; not with certainty or precision; as, to use a word indefinitely.

Indefiniteness

INDEF'INITENESS, noun The quality of being undefined, unlimited, or not precise and certain.

Indefinitude

INDEFIN'ITUDE, noun Quantity not limited by our understanding, though yet finite. [Not used.]

Hale.

Indeliberate

INDELIB'ERATE, adjective [in and deliberate; French indeliberÃƒ-©.]

Done or performed without deliberation or consideration; sudden; unpremeditated; as the indeliberate commission of sin.

Indeliberately

INDELIB'ERATELY, adverb Without deliberation or premeditation.

Indelibility

INDELIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being indelible.

Horsley.

Indelible

INDEL'IBLE, adjective [French indelebile; Latin indelebilis; in and delebilis, from deleo, to blot out.]

1. Not to be blotted out; that cannot be effaced or canceled; as indelible letters or characters. Indelible ink is such as cannot be taken out of paper or cloth, or not by ordinary means.

2. Not to be annulled.

They are endued with indelible power from above, to feed and govern this household. [Unusual.]

Sprat.

3. That cannot be effaced or lost; as, impressions on the mind may be indelible; reproach or stain on reputation may be indelible.

Indelibly

INDEL'IBLY, adverb In a manner not to be blotted out or effaced; too deeply imprinted to be effaced, or to vanish.

Indelicacy

INDEL'ICACY, noun [in and delicacy.] Want of delicacy; want of decency in language or behavior, regarding what nature and manners require to be concealed.

Addison.

2. Want of a nice sense of propriety, or nice regard to refinement in manners or in the treatment of others; rudeness; coarseness of manners or language; that which is offensive to refined taste or purity of mind.

Indelicate

INDEL'ICATE, adjective Wanting delicacy; indecent; but it expresses less than indecent; as an indelicate word or expression; indelicate behavior; indelicate customs.

2. Offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind.

Indelicately

INDEL'ICATELY, adverb Indecently; in a manner to offend against good manners or purity of mind.

Indemnification

INDEMNIFICA'TION, noun [from indemnify.]

1. The act of indemnifying, saving harmless, or securing against loss, damage or penalty.

2. Security against loss.

3. Reimbursement of loss, damage or penalty.

Indemnified

INDEM'NIFIED, participle passive Saved harmless; secured against damage.

Indemnify

INDEM'NIFY, verb transitive [in and damnify; Latin damnificus; damnum, loss.]

1. To save harmless; to secure against loss, damage or penalty.

2. To make good; to reimburse to one what he has lost. We indemnify a man, by giving sufficient security to make good a future loss, or by actual reimbursement of loss, after it has occurred.

Indemnifying

INDEM'NIFYING, participle of the present tense Saving harmless; securing against loss; reimbursing loss.

Indemnity

INDEM'NITY, noun [French indemnitÃƒ-©; Spanish indemnidad; Italian indennitÃƒ- ; Latin in and damnum, loss.]

1. Security given to save harmless; a writing or pledge by which a person is secured against future loss.

2. Security against punishment.

Indemonstrable

INDEMON'STRABLE, adjective [in and demonstrable.] That cannot be demonstrated.

Indenization

INDENIZA'TION, noun The act of naturalizing, or the patent by which a person is made free.

Indenize

IN'DENIZE, verb transitive To endenize, which see.

Indenizen

INDEN'IZEN, verb transitive To invest with the privileges of a free citizen.

Overbury.

Indent

INDENT', verb transitive [in and French dent, Latin dens, a tooth; French denteler; Armoric danta.]

1. To notch; to jag; to cut any margin into points or inequalities, like a row of teeth; as, to indent the edge of paper.

The marginsÃ‚--are indented.

Woodward.

2. To bind out by indentures or contract; as, to indent a young man to a shoemaker; to indent a servant.

Indent

INDENT', verb intransitive To contract; to bargain or covenant. [From the practice of using indented writings or counterparts.]

Shak.

Indent

INDENT', noun Incisure; a cut or notch in the margin of any thing, or a recess like a notch.

Shak.

2. A stamp.

Indent

IN'DENT, noun A certificate or indented certificate issued by the government of the United States at the close of the revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt.

Ramsay. Hamilton.

Indentation

INDENTA'TION, or INDENT'MENT, noun A notch; a cut in the margin of paper or other things.

Woodward.

2. A recess or depression in any border.

Indented

INDENT'ED, participle passive Cut in the edge into points, like teeth.

2. Bound out by indented writings; as an indented apprentice or servant.

3. Bound out by writings, or covenants in writing. [The practice of indenting writings is in some places discontinued, but the term remains in use.]

Indenting

INDENT'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting into notches.

2. Binding out by covenants in writing.

Indentment

INDENT'MENT, noun Indenture.

Indenture

INDENT'URE, noun A writing containing a contract. Indentures are generally duplicates, laid together and indented, so that the two papers or parchments correspond to each other. But indenting is often neglected, while the writings or counterparts retain the name of indentures.

Indenture

INDENT'URE, verb transitive To indent; to bind by indentures; as, to indenture an apprentice.

Independence

INDEPEND'ENCE, noun [in and dependence.]

1. A state of being not dependent; complete exemption from control, or the power of others; as the independence of the Supreme Being.

2. A state in which a person does not rely on others for subsistence; ability to support one's self.

3. A state of mind in which a person acts without bias or influence from others; exemption from undue influence; self-direction. Independence of mind is an important qualification in a judge.

Declaration of Independence, the solemn declaration of the Congress of the United States of America, on the 4th of July 1776, by which they formally renounced their subjection to the government of Great Britain.

Independent

INDEPEND'ENT, adjective [in and dependent.]

1. Not dependent; not subject to the control of others; not subordinate. God is the only being who is perfectly independent.

2. Not holding or enjoying possessions at the will of another; not relying on others; not dependent. We all wish to be independent in property; yet few men are wholly independent, even in property, and none independent for the supply of their wants.

3. Affording the means of independence; as an independent estate.

4. Not subject to bias or influence; not obsequious; self-directing; as a man of an independent mind.

5. Not connected with. It is believed the soul may exist independent of matter.

6. Free; easy; self-commanding; bold; unconstrained; as an independent air or manner.

7. Separate from; exclusive.

I mean the account of that obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves bound to obey a law, independent of those resources which the law provides for its own enforcement.

Ward.

8. Pertaining to an independent or congregational church. It is followed by of or on, both of which are well authorized. On is most conformable to analogy, for it always follows depend, but of is most common.

Independent

INDEPEND'ENT, noun One who, in religious affairs, maintains that every congregation of christians is a complete church, subject to no superior authority, and competent to perform every act of government in ecclesiastical affairs.

Independently

INDEPEND'ENTLY, adverb Without depending or relying on others; without control.

2. Without undue bias or influence; not obsequiously.

3. Without connection with other things.

Indeprecable

INDEP'RECABLE, adjective That cannot be deprecated.

Indeprehensible

INDEPREHENS'IBLE, adjective That cannot be found out.

Bp. Morton.

Indeprivable

INDEPRI'VABLE, adjective That cannot be deprived.

Indescribable

INDESCRI'BABLE, adjective That cannot be described.

Indescriptive

INDESCRIP'TIVE, adjective Not descriptive or containing just description.

Indesert

INDESERT', n. s as z. [in and desert.] Want of merit or worth.

Addison.

Indesinent

INDES'INENT, adjective [Latin in and desino, to cease; de and sino.] Not ceasing; perpetual.

Indesinently

INDES'INENTLY, adverb Without cessation.

Ray.

Indestructibility

INDESTRUCTIBIL'ITY, noun [from indestructible.]

The quality of resisting decomposition, or of being incapable of destruction.

Indestructible

INDESTRUC'TIBLE, adjective [in and destructible.]

That cannot be destroyed; incapable of decomposition; as a material substance.

Boyle.

Indeterminable

INDETERM'INABLE, adjective [in and determinable.]

1. That cannot be determined, ascertained or fixed.

Brown.

2. Not to be determined or ended.

Indeterminate

INDETERM'INATE, adjective [in and determinate.]

1. Not determinate; not settled or fixed; not definite; uncertain; as an indeterminate number of years.

2. Not certain; not precise.

Indeterminately

INDETERM'INATELY, adverb Not in any settled manner; indefinitely; not with precise limits; as a space indeterminately large.

2. Not with certainty or precision of signification; as an idea indeterminately expressed.

Indeterminateness

INDETERM'INATENESS, noun Indefiniteness; want of certain limits; want of precision.

Paley.

Indetermination

INDETERMINA'TION, noun [in and determination.]

1. Want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state, as of the mind.

2. Want of fixed or stated direction.

Bramhall.

Indetermined

INDETERM'INED, adjective [in and determined.] Undetermined; unsettled; unfixed.

Indevote

INDEVO'TE, adjective Not devoted.

Bentley.

Indevoted

INDEVO'TED, adjective Not devoted.

Clarendon.

Indevotion

INDEVO'TION, noun [French; in and devotion.] Want of devotion; absence of devout affections.

Decay of Piety.

Indevout

INDEVOUT', adjective [French indevot.] Not devout; not having devout affections.

Ibm.

Indevoutly

INDEVOUT'LY, adverb Without devotion.

Index

IN'DEX, noun plu. indexes, sometimes indices. [Latin connected with indico, to show; in and dico, Greek.]

1. That which points out; that which shows or manifests.

Tastes are the indexes of the different qualities of plants.

Arbuthnot.

2. The hand that points to any thing, as the hour of the day, the road to a place, &c.

Bentley.

3. A table of the contents of a book.

Watts.

A table of references in an alphabetical order.

4. In anatomy, the fore finger, or pointing finger.

5. In arithmetic and algebra, that which shows to what power any quantity is involved; the exponent.

Encyc.

6. The index of a globe, or the gnomon, is a little style fitted on the north pole, which by turning with the globe, serves to point to certain divisions of the hour circle.

Encyc.

7. In music, a direct, which see.

Index expurgatory, in catholic countries, a catalogue of prohibited books.

Indexical

INDEX'ICAL, adjective Having the form of an index; pertaining to an index.

Indexically

INDEX'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of an index.

Swift.

Indexterity

INDEXTER'ITY, noun [in and dexterity.]

1. Want of dexterity or readiness in the use of the hands; clumsiness; awkwardness.

2. Want of skill or readiness in any art or occupation.

Harvey.

India

IN'DIA, noun A country in Asia, so named from the river Indus.

Indian

IN'DIAN, adjective [from India, and this from Indus, the name of a river in Asia.]

Pertaining to either of the Indies, East or West.

Indian

IN'DIAN, noun A general name of any native of the Indies; as an East Indian, or West Indian. It is particularly applied to any native of the American continent.

INDIAN Arrow Root, noun A plant of the genus Maranta.

Indian

INDIAN Berry, noun A plant of the genus Menispermum.

Indian

INDIAN Bread, noun A plant of the genus Jatropha.

Indian

INDIAN Corn, noun A plant, the maiz, of the genus Zea; a native of America.

Indian

INDIAN Cress, noun A plant of the genus Tropaeolum.

Indian

INDIAN Fig, noun A plant of the genus Cactus.

Indian

INDIAN Ink, noun A substance brought from China, used for water colors. It is in rolls or in square cakes, and is said to consist of lampblack and animal glue.

Encyc.

Indianite

IN'DIANITE, noun [from India.] A mineral occurring in masses having a foliated structure and shining luster. Its color is white or gray.

Cleaveland.

Indian

INDIAN Reed, noun A plant of the genus Canna.

Indian

INDIAN Red, noun A species of ocher, a very fine purple earth, of a firm, compact texture and great weight.

Hill.

India

INDIA Rubber, noun The caoutchouc, a substance of extraordinary elasticity, called also elastic gum or resin. It is produced by incision from the syringe tree of Cayenne.

Indicant

IN'DICANT, adjective [Latin indicans; in and dico, to show.]

Showing; pointing out what is to be done for the cure of disease.

Coxe.

Indicate

IN'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin indico; in and dico, to show, Greek.]

1. To show; to point out; to discover; to direct the mind to a knowledge of something not seen, or something that will probably occur in future. Thus, fermentation indicates a certain degree of heat in a liquor. A heavy swell of the sea in calm weather often indicates a storm at a distance. A particular kind of cloud in the west at evening, indicates the approach of rain.

2. To tell; to disclose.

3. In medicine, to show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants.

Indicated

IN'DICATED, participle passive Shown; pointed out; directed.

Indicating

IN'DICATING, participle of the present tense Showing; pointing out; directing.

Indication

INDICA'TION, noun The act of pointing out.

2. Mark; token; sign; symptom; whatever serves to discover what is not before known, or otherwise obvious.

The frequent stops they make in the most convenient places, are plain indications of their weariness.

Addison.

3. In medicine, any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable remedies.

4. Discovery made; intelligence given.

Bentley.

5. Explanation; display. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Indicative

INDIC'ATIVE, adjective [Latin indicativus.] Showing; giving intimation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious. Reserve is not always indicative of modesty; it may be indicative of prudence.

2. In grammar, the indicative mode is the form of the verb that indicates, that is, which affirms or denies; as, he writes, he

is writing; they run; we misimprove advantages. It also asks questions; as, has the mail arrived?

Indicatively

INDIC'ATIVELY, adverb In a manner to show or signify.

Grew.

Indicator

IN'DICATOR, noun He or that which shows or points out.

Smith.

Indicatory

IN'DICATORY, adjective Showing; serving to show or make known.

Indice

INDICE. [See Index.]

Indicolite

IN'DICOLITE, noun [indigo, or indico, and, a stone.]

In mineralogy, a variety of shorl or tourmalin, of an indigo blue color, sometimes with a tinge of azure or green.

Cleaveland.

Indict

INDICT, verb transitive indi'te. [Latin indictus, from indico; in and dico, to speak.]

In law, to accuse or charge with a crime or misdemeanor, in writing, by a grand jury under oath. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury to indict, as it is of a house of representatives to impeach. It is followed by of; as indicted of treason or arson.

Indictable

INDICTABLE, adjective indi'table. That may be indicted; as an indictable offender.

2. Subject to be presented by a grand jury; subject to indictment; as an indictable offense.

Indicted

INDICTED, pp. indi'ted. Accused by a grand jury.

Indicter

INDICTER, noun indi'ter. One who indicts.

Indicting

INDICTING, participle of the present tense indi'ting. Accusing, or making a formal or written charge of a crime by a grand jury.

Indiction

INDIC'TION, noun [French from Low Latinindictio, indico.]

1. Declaration; proclamation.

Bacon.

2. In chronology, a cycle of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine the Great; originally, a period of taxation. Constantine having reduced the time which the Romans were obliged to serve in the army to fifteen years, imposed a tax or tribute at the end of that term, to pay the troops discharged. This practice introduced the keeping of accounts by this period. But, as it is said, in honor of the great victory of Constantine over Mezentius, Sep. 24, A. Dutch 312, by which christianity was more effectually established, the council of Nice ordained that accounts of years should no longer be kept by Olympiads, but that the indiction should be used as the point from which to reckon and date years. This was begun Jan. 1, A. Dutch 313.

Johnson. Encyc.

Indictive

INDIC'TIVE, adjective Proclaimed; declared.

Kennet.

Indictment

INDICTMENT, n. indi'tement. A written accusation or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanor, preferred by a grand jury under oath to a court.

Blackstone.

2. The paper or parchment containing the accusation of a grand jury.

Indies

IN'DIES, noun plu. of India.

Indifference

INDIF'FERENCE, noun [French from Latin indifferentia; in and differo, to differ. Indifferency is little used.]

1. Equipoise or neutrality of mind between different persons or things; a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more than the other; as when we see a contest of parties with indifference.

2. Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession or bias; as when we read a book on controverted points with indifference. [This is a different application of the first definition.]

3. Unconcernedness; a state of the mind when it feels no anxiety or interest in what is presented to it. No person of humanity can behold the wretchedness of the poor with indifference.

4. State in which there is no difference, or in which no moral or physical reason preponderates; as when we speak of the indifference of things in themselves.

Hooker.

Indifferent

INDIF'FERENT, adjective [French from Latin indifferens.]

1. Neutral; not inclined to one side, party or thing more than to another.

Cato knows neither of them, Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die.

Addison.

2. Unconcerned; feeling no interest, anxiety or care respecting any thing. It seems to be impossible that a rational being should be indifferent to the means of obtaining endless happiness.

It was a remarkable law of Solon, that any person who, in the commotions of the republic, remained neuter, or an indifferent spectator of the contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment.

Addison.

3. Having no influence or preponderating weight; having no difference that gives a preference. It is indifferent which road we take.

4. Neutral, as to good or evil. Things in themselves indifferent, may be rendered evil by the prohibition of law.

5. Impartial; disinterested; as an indifferent judge, juror or arbitrator.

6. Passable; of a middling state or quality; neither good, nor the worst; as indifferent writing or paper.

Indifferent, used adverbially, as indifferent honest, is ungrammatical and vulgar.

Indifferently

INDIF'FERENTLY, adverb Without distinction or preference; as, to offer pardon indifferently to all.

Addison.

2. Equally; impartially; without favor, prejudice or bias.

Ã‚--They may truly and indifferently minister justice.

Com. Prayer.

3. In a neutral state; without concern; without wish or aversion.

Set honor in one eye and death i' th' other, And I will look on death indifferently.

Shak.

4. Not well; tolerably; passably; as indifferently well; to be indifferently entertained.

Indigence

IN'DIGENCE, or IN'DIGENCY, noun [French indigence, from Latin indigentia, from indigeo; in or ind, and egeo, to want, to lack.]

Want of estate, or means of comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty. A large portion of the human race live in indigence, while others possess more than they can enjoy.

Indigene

IN'DIGENE, noun [Latin indigena; in or ind, and geno, gigno, to beget, or to be born.]

One born in a country; a native animal or plant.

Evelyn. Vattel.

Indigenous

INDIGENOUS, adjective [Latin indigena, supra.]

1. Native; born in a country; applied to persons.

2. Native; produced naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; applied to vegetables.

Indigent

IN'DIGENT, adjective [Latin indigens; French indigent.] Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy; poor.

Charity consists in relieving the indigent.

Addison.

Indigest

INDIGEST', noun A crude mass. [Not used.]

Shak.

Indigensted

IN'DIGENST'ED`, adjective [in and digested; Latin indigestus.]

1. Not digested; not concocted in the stomach; not changed or prepared for nourishing the body; undigested; crude.

2. Not separated into distinct classes or orders, or into proper form; not regularly disposed and arranged. Chaos is represented as a rude or indigested mass.

3. Not methodized; not reduced to due form; crude; as an indigested scheme.

4. Not prepared by heat.

5. Not brought to suppuration, as the contents of an abscess or boil; as an indigested wound.

Wiseman.

Indigestible

INDIGEST'IBLE, adjective [in and digestible.]

1. Not digestible; not easily converted into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nourishing the body.

Arbuthnot.

2. Not to be received or patiently endured.

Indigestion

INDIGES'TION, noun [in and digestion.] Want of due coction in the stomach; a failure of that change in food which prepares it for nutriment; crudity.

Encyc.

As a disease, dyspepsy; that state of the stomach, in which it is incapable of performing its natural healthy functions.

Indigitate

INDIG'ITATE, verb transitive To point out with the finger.

Brown.

Indigitation

INDIGITA'TION, noun The act of pointing out with the finger.

More.

Indign

INDIGN, adjective indi'ne. [Latin indignus.] Unworthy; disgraceful. Obs.

Chaucer.

Indignance

INDIG'NANCE, noun Indignation. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Indignant

INDIG'NANT, adjective [Latin indignans, from indignor, to disdain; in and dignor, dignus.]

Affected at once with anger and disdain; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath and scorn or contempt, as when a person is exasperated at one despised, or by a mean action, or by the charge of a dishonorable act. Goliath was indignant at the challenge of David.

He strides indignant, and with haughty cries To single fight the fairy prince defies.

Tickell.

Indignation

INDIGNA'TION, noun [French from Latin indignatio.]

1. Anger or extreme anger, mingled with contempt, disgust or abhorrence.

When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, not moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai. Esther 5.

2. The anger of a superior; extreme anger; particularly, the wrath of God against sinful men for their ingratitude and rebellion. 2. Kings 3.

3. The effects of anger; the dreadful effects of God's wrath; terrible judgments. Isaiah 26.

4. Holy displeasure at one's self for sin. 2 Corinthians 7.

Indignify

INDIG'NIFY, verb transitive To treat disdainfully. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Indignity

INDIG'NITY, noun [Latin indignitas.] Unmerited, contemptuous conduct towards another; any action towards another which manifests contempt for him; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult. Contemptuous words respecting one, or foul language in the presence of persons of character and delicacy, and indecent behavior, are indignities. Christ on the cross was treated with the foulest indignity.

Indignly

INDIGNLY, adverb indi'nely. Unworthily. Obs.

Hall.

Indigo

IN'DIGO, noun [Latin indicum, from India; French Italian Spanish indigo.]

A substance or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks of the indigo-plant, which are steeped in water till the pulp is extracted, when the tincture is drawn off and churned or agitated, till the dye begins to granulate. The flakes are then left to settle; the liquor is drawn off, and the indigo is drained in bags and dried in boxes. It is used for dyeing blue.

Edwards, WelshInd.

Indigometer

INDIGOM'ETER, noun An instrument for ascertaining the strength of indigo.

Ure.

Indigo-Plant

IN'DIGO-PLANT, noun A plant of the genus Indigofera, from which is prepared indigo. It is a native of Asia, Africa and America, and called by the native Americans, anil. The calyx is patent; the carina of the control is furnished with a subulate, patulous spur on each side; the legume or pod is linear. Several species are cultivated for making indigo, of which the most important are the tinctoria, or common indigoplant, the anil, a larger species, and the disperma, which furnishes the Guatimala indigo.

Encyc. Miller. Edin. Encyc.

Indilatory

INDIL'ATORY, noun [in and dilatory.] Not dilatory or slow.

Cornwallis.

Indiligence

INDIL'IGENCE, noun [in and diligence.] Want of diligence; slothfulness.

B. Jonson.

Indiligent

INDIL'IGENT, adjective Not diligent; idle; slothful.

Feltham.

Indiligently

INDIL'IGENTLY, adverb Without diligence.

Bp. Hall.

Indiminishable

INDIMIN'ISHABLE, adjective That cannot be diminished.

Milton.

Indirect

INDIRECT', adjective [Latin indirectus; in and directus, from dirigo.]

1. Not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous. From New York to England by Bordeaux, is an indirect course.

2. Not direct, in a moral sense; not tending to a purpose by the shortest or plainest course, or by the obvious, ordinary means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as an indirect accusation; an indirect attack on reputation; an indirect answer or proposal. Hence,

3. Wrong; improper.

Shak.

4. Not fair; not honest; tending to mislead or deceive.

Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other.

Tillotson.

5. Indirect tax, is a tax or duty on articles of consumption, as an excise, customs, &c.

Indirection

INDIREC'TION, noun [in and direction.] Oblique course or means.

Shak.

2. Dishonest practice. Obs.

Shak.

Indirectly

INDIRECT'LY, adverb Not in a straight line or course; obliquely.

2. Not by direct means.

3. Not in express terms. He indirectly mentioned the subject.

4. Unfairly.

Your crown and kingdom indirectly held.

Shak.

Indirectness

INDIRECT'NESS, noun Obliquity; devious course.

2. Unfairness; dishonesty.

Mountagu.

Indiscernible

INDISCERN'IBLE, adjective [in and discernible.] That cannot be discerned; not visible or perceptible; not discoverable.

Denham.

Indiscernibleness

INDISCERN'IBLENESS, noun Incapability of being discerned.

Hammond.

Indiscernibly

INDISCERN'IBLY, adverb In a manner not to be seen or perceived.

Indiscerpible

INDISCERP'IBLE, adjective Indiscerptible. Obs.

More.

Indiscerptibility

INDISCERPTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being incapable of dissolution, or separation of parts.

Indiscerptible

INDISCERP'TIBLE, adjective [in and discerptible.] Incapable of being destroyed by dissolution, or separation of parts.

Bp. Butler.

Indisciplinable

INDIS'CIPLINABLE, adjective [in and disciplinable.]

That cannot be disciplined or subjected to discipline; not capable of being improved by discipline.

Hale.

Indiscoverable

INDISCOV'ERABLE, adjective [in and discoverable.] That cannot be discovered; undiscoverable.

Indiscovery

INDISCOV'ERY, noun [in and discovery.] Want of discovery. [Unusual.]

Brown.

Indiscreet

INDISCREE'T, adjective [in and discreet.] Not discreet; wanting in discretion; imprudent; inconsiderate; injudicious; as persons.

2. Not according to discretion or sound judgment; as indiscreet behavior.

Indiscreetly

INDISCREE'TLY, adverb Not discreetly; without prudence; inconsiderately; without judgment.

Indiscrete

INDISCRE'TE, adjective Not discrete or separated.

Pownal.

Indiscretion

INDISCRE'TION, noun [in and discretion.] Want of discretion; imprudence. The grossest vices pass under the fashionable name, indiscretions.

Indiscriminate

INDISCRIM'INATE, adjective [Latin indiscriminatus. See Discriminate.]

1. Undistinguishing; not making any distinction; as the indiscriminate voraciousness of a glutton.

Chesterfield.

2. Not having discrimination; confused.

3. Undistinguished or undistinguishable.

Indiscriminately

INDISCRIM'INATELY, adverb Without distinction; in confusion.

Indiscriminating

INDISCRIMIN'ATING, participle of the present tense or adjective Not making any distinction; as the victims of an indiscriminating spirit of rapine.

Marshall.

Indiscrimination

INDISCRIMINA'TION, noun Want of discrimination or distinction.

Jefferson.

Indiscussed

INDISCUS'SED, adjective Not discussed.

Donne.

Indispensability

INDISPENSABIL'ITY, adjective Indispensableness. [Little used.]

Skelton.

Indispensable

INDISPENS'ABLE, adjective [French; in and dispensable.]

Not to be dispensed with; that cannot be omitted, remitted or spared; absolutely necessary or requisite. Air and water are indispensable to the life of man. Our duties to God and to our fellow men are of indispensable obligation.

Indispensableness

INDISPENS'ABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being absolutely necessary.

Indispensably

INDISPENS'ABLY, adverb Necessarily; in a manner or degree that forbids dispensation, omission or want.

Indispersed

INDISPERS'ED, adjective Not dispersed.

More.

Indispose

INDISPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French indisposer; in and disposer, to dispose or fit. See Dispose.]

1. To disincline; to alienate the mind and render it averse or unfavorable to any thing. A love of pleasure indisposes the mind to severe study and steady attention to business. The pride and selfishness of men indispose them to religious duties.

2. To render unfit; to disqualify for its proper functions; to disorder; as the distemperature of indisposed organs.

Glanville.

3. To disorder slightly, as the healthy functions of the body.

It made him rather indisposed than sick.

Walton.

4. To make unfavorable or disinclined; with towards.

The king was sufficiently indisposed towards the persons, or the principles of Calvin's disciples.

Clarendon.

Indisposed

INDISPO'SED, participle passive or adjective Disinclined; averse; unwilling; unfavorable.

2. Disordered; disqualified for its functions; unfit.

3. Slightly disordered; not in perfect health.

Indisposedness

INDISPO'SEDNESS, noun Disinclination; slight aversion; unwillingness; unfavorableness.

2. Unfitness; disordered state.

Indisposing

INDISPO'SING, participle of the present tense Disinclining; rendering somewhat averse, unwilling or unfavorable.

2. Disordering; rendering unfit.

Indisposition

INDISPOSI'TION, noun [French; in and disposition.]

1. Disinclination; aversion; unwillingness; dislike; as the indisposition of men to submit to severe discipline; an indisposition to abandon vicious practices.

A general indisposition towards believing.

Atterbury.

2. Slight disorder of the healthy functions of the body; tendency to disease. Indisposition is a slight defect of healthy action in bodily functions, rather than settled or marked disease.

3. Want of tendency or natural appetency or affinity; as the indisposition of two substances to combine.

Indisputable

INDIS'PUTABLE, adjective [French; in and disputable.]

Not to be disputed; incontrovertible; incontestable; too evident to admit of dispute.

Addison.

Indisputableness

INDIS'PUTABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being indisputable, or too clear to admit of controversy.

Indisputably

INDIS'PUTABLY, adverb Without dispute; in a manner or degree not admitting of controversy; unquestionably' without opposition.

Indisputed

INDISPU'TED, adjective Not disputed or controverted; undisputed.

Encyc.

Indissolubility

INDISSOLUBIL'ITY, noun [French indissolubilitÃƒ-©. See Indissoluble.]

1. The quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dissolved, melted or liquefied.

Locke.

2. The quality of being incapable of a breach; perpetuity of union, obligation or binding force.

Warburton.

Indissoluble

INDIS'SOLUBLE, adjective [French from Latin indissolubilis; in and dissolubilis, from dissolvo; dis and solvo, to loosen.]

1. Not capable of being dissolved, melted or liquefied, as by heat or water. Few substances are absolutely indissoluble by heat; many are indissoluble in water.

2. That cannot be broken or rightfully violated; perpetually binding or obligatory; as an indissoluble league or covenant. The marriage covenant is indissoluble, except in certain specified cases.

3. Not to be broken; firm; stable; as indissoluble friendship; indissoluble bands of love.

Indissolubleness

INDIS'SOLUBLENESS, noun The quality of being incapable of dissolution, separation or breach; indissolubility.

Hale.

Indissolubly

INDIS'SOLUBLY, adverb In a manner resisting separation; firmly united beyond the power of separation; in a manner not to be dissolved or broken.

On they move

Indissolubly firm.

Milton.

Indissolvable

INDISSOLV'ABLE, adjective [in and dissolvable.]

1. That cannot be dissolved; not capable of being melted or liquefied.

2. Indissoluble; that cannot be broken; perpetually firm and binding; as an indissolvable bond of union.

3. Not capable of separation into parts by natural process.

Indistancy

INDIS'TANCY, noun Want of distance or separation. [ A bad word and not used.]

Pearson.

Indistinct

INDISTINCT', adjective [French; Latin indistinctus; in and distinctus. See Distinct.]

1. Not distinct or distinguishable; not separate in such a manner as to be perceptible by itself. The parts of a substance are indistinct, when they are so blended that the eye cannot separate them, or perceive them as separate. Sounds are indistinct, when the ear cannot separate them. Hence,

2. Obscure; not clear; confused; as indistinct ideas or notions.

3. Imperfect; faint; not presenting clear and well defined images; as indistinct vision; an indistinct view.

4. Not exactly discerning. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Indistinctible

INDISTINCT'IBLE, adjective Undistinguishable. [Little used.]

Warton.

Indistinction

INDISTINC'TION, noun Want of distinction; confusion; uncertainty.

The indistinction of many of the same nameÃ‚--hath made some doubt.

Brown.

2. Indiscrimination; want of distinction.

Sprat.

3. Equality of condition or rank.

Coxe, Switz.

Indistinctly

INDISTINCT'LY, adverb Without distinction or separation; as when parts of a thing are indistinctly seen.

2. Confusedly; not clearly; obscurely; as when ideas are indistinctly comprehended.

3. Not definitely; not with precise limits; as when the border of a thing is indistinctly marked.

Indistinctness

INDISTINCT'NESS, noun Want of distinction or discrimination; confusion; uncertainty.

2. Obscurity; faintness; as the indistinctness of vision.

Indistinguishable

INDISTIN'GUISHABLE, adjective [in and distinguishable.]

That cannot be distinguished or separated; undistinguishable.

Tytler.

Indistinguishing

INDISTIN'GUISHING, adjective Making no difference; as indistinguishing liberalities.

Johnson.

Indisturbance

INDISTURB'ANCE, noun [in and disturbance.]

Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; tranquillity.

Temple.

Inditch

INDITCH', verb transitive To bury in a ditch. [Little used.]

Bp. Hall.

Indite

INDI'TE, verb transitive [Latin indico, indictum; in and dico, to speak.]

1. To compose; to write; to commit to words in writing.

Hear how learn'd Greece her useful rules indites.

Pope.

2. To direct or dictate what is to be uttered or written. The late President Dwight indited his sermons.

My heart is inditing a good matter. Psalm 45.

Indite

INDI'TE, verb intransitive To compose an account of.

Waller.

[This is from the same original as indict. The different applications of the word have induced authors to express each in a different orthography, but without good reason.]

Indited

INDI'TED, participle passive Composed; written; dictated.

Inditement

INDI'TEMENT, noun The act of inditing.

Inditing

INDI'TING, participle of the present tense Committing to words in writing; dictating what shall be written.

Individable

INDIVI'DABLE, adjective Not capable of division.

Shak.

Individed

INDIVI'DED, adjective Undivided.

Patrick.

Individual

INDIVID'UAL, adjective [French individuel; Latin individuus; in and dividuus, from divido, to divide.]

1. Not divided, or not to be divided; single; one; as an individual man or city.

Ã‚--Under his great vicegerent reign abide

United, as one individual soul.

Milton.

2. Pertaining to one only; as individual labor or exertions.

Individual

INDIVID'UAL, noun A single person or human being. This is the common application of the word; as, there was not an individual present.

2. A single animal or thing of any kind. But this word, as a noun, is rarely applied except to human beings.

Individuality

INDIVIDUAL'ITY, noun Separate or distinct existence; a state of oneness.

Arbuthnot.

Individualize

INDIVID'UALIZE, verb transitive To distinguish; to select or mark as an individual, or to distinguish the peculiar properties of a person from others.

Drake.

Individualized

INDIVID'UALIZED, participle passive Distinguished as a particular person or thing.

Drake.

Individualizing

INDIVID'UALIZING, participle of the present tense Distinguishing as an individual.

Individually

INDIVID'UALLY, adverb Separately; by itself; to the exclusion of others. Thirty men will unitedly accomplish what each of them individually cannot perform.

2. With separate or distinct existence.

How should that subsist solitarily by itself, which hath no substance, but individually the very same whereby others subsist with it?

Hooker.

3. Inseparably; incommunicably.

OmniscienceÃ‚--an attribute individually proper to the Godhead.

Hakewill.

Individuate

INDIVID'UATE, adjective Undivided.

Individuate

INDIVID'UATE, verb transitive To make single; to distinguish from others of the species.

Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that have their distinct sense and pleasure.

More.

Individuation

INDIVIDUA'TION, adjective The act of making single or the same, to the exclusion of others.

Watts.

2. The act of separating into individuals by analysis.

Etymol. Vocabulary.

Individuity

INDIVIDU'ITY, noun Separate existence.[Not used.]

Indivinity

INDIVIN'ITY, noun Want of divine power.

Brown.

Indivisibility

INDIVISIBIL'ITY, noun [See Indivisible.] The state or property of being indivisible.

Locke.

Indivisible

INDIVIS'IBLE, adjective s as z. [in and divisible. See Divide.]

That cannot be divided, separated or broken; not separable into parts. Perhaps the particles of matter, however small, cannot be considered as indivisible. The mind or soul must be indivisible. A mathematical point is indivisible.

Indivisible

INDIVIS'IBLE, noun In geometry, indivisibles are the elements or principles into which a body or figure may be resolved; elements infinitely small.

Encyc.

Indivisibleness

INDIVIS'IBLENESS, noun Indivisibility, which see.

Indivisibly

INDIVIS'IBLY, adverb So as not to be capable of division.

Indocible

INDO'CIBLE, adjective [in and docible; Latin doceo, to teach.]

1. Unteachable; not capable of being taught, or not easily instructed; dull in intellect.

Bp. Hall.

2. Intractable, as a beast.

Indocile

INDO'CILE, adjective [French; Latin indocilis; in and docilis; doceo, to teach.]

1. Not teachable; not easily instructed; dull.

Bentley.

2. Intractable, as a beast.

Indocility

INDOCIL'ITY, noun [French indocilitÃƒ-©.] Unteachableness; dullness of intellect.

Bp. Hall.

2. Intractableness, as of a beast.

Indoctrinate

INDOC'TRINATE, verb transitive [French endoctriner; Latin in and doctrina, learning.]

To teach; to instruct in rudiments or principles.

He took much delight in indoctrinating his young unexperienced favorite.

Clarendon.

Indoctrinated

INDOC'TRINATED, participle passive Taught; instructed in the principles of any science.

Indoctrinating

INDOC'TRINATING, participle of the present tense Teaching; instructing in principles or rudiments.

Indoctrination

INDOCTRINA'TION, noun Instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science; information.

Brown.

Indolence

IN'DOLENCE, noun [French from Latin indolentia; in and doleo, to be pained.]

1. Literally, freedom from pain.

Burnet.

2. Habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness; inaction or want of exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to toil. Indolence, like laziness, implies a constitutional or habitual love of ease; idleness does not.

Indolent

IN'DOLENT, adjective [French] Habitually idle or indisposed to labor; lazy; listless; sluggish; indulging in ease; applied to persons.

2. Inactive; idle; as an indolent life.

3. Free from pain; as an indolent tumor.

Indolently

IN'DOLENTLY, adverb In habitual idleness and ease; without action, activity or exertion; lazily.

Calm and serene you indolently sit.

Addison.

Indomitable

INDOM'ITABLE, adjective Untamable. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Indomptable

INDOMPT'ABLE, adjective [French; in and dompter, Latin domo, to tame.] Not to be subdued. [Unusual.]

Tooke.

Indorsable

INDORS'ABLE, adjective That may be indorsed, assigned and made payable to order.

Indorse

INDORSE, verb transitive indors'. [Latin in and dorsum, the back.]

1. To write on the back of a paper or written instrument; as, to indorse a note or bill of exchange; to indorse a receipt or assignment on a bill or note. Hence,

2. To assign by writing an order on the back of a note or bill; to assign or transfer by indorsement. The bill was indorsed to the bank.

To indorse in blank, to write a name only on a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the indorsee.

Indorsee

INDORSEE', noun The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement.

Indorsement

INDORSEMENT, noun indors'ment. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument.

2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper, as a name, an order for payment, the return of an officer, or the verdict of a grand jury.

Indorser

INDORS'ER, noun The person who indorses, or writes his name on the back of a note or bill of exchange, and who, by this act, as the case may be, makes himself liable to pay the note or bill.

Indraught

IN'DRAUGHT, noun in'drÃƒ- ft. [in and draught.] An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet. Obs.

Raleigh.

Indrench

INDRENCH', verb transitive [in and drench.] To overwhelm with water; to drown; to drench.

Shak.

Indubious

INDU'BIOUS, adjective [Latin indubius; in and dubius, doubtful.]

1. Not dubious or doubtful; certain.

2. Not doubting; unsuspecting; as indubious confidence.

Harvey.

Indubitable

INDU'BITABLE, adjective [French from Latin indubitabilis; in and dubitabilis, from dubito, to doubt.]

Not to be doubted; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; too plain to admit of doubt.

Watts.

Indubitableness

INDU'BITABLENESS, noun State of being indubitable.

Ash.

Indubitably

INDU'BITABLY, adverb Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt.

Sprat.

Indubitate

INDU'BITATE, adjective [Latin indubitatus.] Not questioned; evident; certain. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Induce

INDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin induco; in and duco, to lead; French induire; Italian indurre.]

1. To lead, as by persuasion or argument; to prevail on; to incite; to influence by motives. The emperor could not be induced to take part in the contest.

2. To produce by influence.

As this belief is absolutely necessary for all mankind, the evidence for inducing it must be of that nature as to accommodate itself to all species of men.

Forbes.

3. To produce; to bring on; to cause; as a fever induced by extreme fatigue. The revolution in France has induced a change of opinions and of property.

4. To introduce; to bring into view.

The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad.

Pope.

5. To offer by way of induction or inference. [Not used.]

Brown.

Induced

INDU'CED, participle passive Persuaded by motives; influenced; produced; caused.

Inducement

INDU'CEMENT, noun Motive; any thing that leads the mind to will or to act; any argument, reason or fact that tends to persuade or influence the mind. The love of ease is an inducement to idleness. The love of money is an inducement to industry in good men, and to the perpetration of crimes in the bad.

Inducer

INDU'CER, noun He or that which induces, persuades or influences.

Inducible

INDU'CIBLE, adjective That may be induced; that may be offered by induction.

Brown.

2. That may be caused.

Barrow.

Inducing

INDU'CING, participle of the present tense Leading or moving by reason or arguments; persuading; producing; causing.

Induct

INDUCT', verb transitive [Latin inductus, from induco; in and duco, to lead.] Literally, to bring in or introduce. Hence, appropriately,

2. To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual possession of an ecclesiastical living or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies. Clerks or parsons are inducted by a mandate from the bishop to the archdeacon, who usually issues a precept to other clergymen to perform the duty. In the United States, certain civil officers and presidents of colleges, are inducted into office with appropriate ceremonies.

Inducted

INDUCT'ED, participle passive Introduced into office with the usual formalities.

Inductile

INDUCT'ILE, adjective [in and ductile.] Not capable of being drawn into threads, as a metal. [See Ductile.]

Inductility

INDUCTIL'ITY, noun The quality of being inductile.

Inducting

INDUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Introducing into office with the usual formalities.

Induction

INDUC'TION, noun [French from Latin inductio. See Induct.]

1. Literally, a bringing in; introduction; entrance. Hence,

2. In logic and rhetoric, the act of drawing a consequence from two or more propositions, which are called premises.

Watts.

3. The method of reasoning from particulars to generals, or the inferring of one general proposition from several particular ones.

4. The conclusion or inference drawn from premises or from propositions which are admitted to be true, either in fact, or for the sake of argument.

Encyc.

5. The introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or giving possession of an ecclesiastical living; or the introduction of a person into an office by the usual forms and ceremonies. Induction is applied to the introduction of officers, only when certain oaths are to be administered or other formalities are to be observed, which are intended to confer authority or give dignity to the transaction. In Great Britain, induction is used for giving possession of ecclesiastical offices. In the United States, it is applied to the formal introduction of civil officers, and the higher officers of colleges.

Inductive

INDUCT'IVE, adjective Leading or drawing; with to.

A brutish vice, Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve.

Milton.

2. Tending to induce or cause.

They may be inductive of credibility. [Unusual.]

Hale.

3. Leading to inferences; proceeding by induction; employed in drawing conclusions from premises; as inductive reasoning.

Inductively

INDUCT'IVELY, adverb By induction or inference.

Inductor

INDUCT'OR, noun The person who inducts another into an office or benefice.

Indue

INDUE, verb transitive indu'. [Latin induo; Greek; French enduire. This word coincides nearly in signification with endow, that is, to put on, to furnish. Duo is evidently a contracted word.]

1. To put on something; to invest; to clothe; as, to indue matter with forms, or man with intelligence.

2. To furnish; to supply with; to endow.

Indued

INDU'ED, participle passive Clothed; invested.

Induement

INDUEMENT, noun indu'ment. A putting on; endowment.

Mountagu.

Induing

INDU'ING, participle of the present tense Investing; putting on.

Indulge

INDULGE, verb transitive indulj'. [Latin indulgeo. This word is compound, but the primitive simple verb is not known, nor the radical sense. If allied to German and Dutch dulden, to bear, to tolerate, it is from the root of Latin tolero.]

1. To permit to be or to continue; to suffer; not to restrain or oppose; as, to indulge sloth; to indulge the passions; to indulge pride, selfishness or inclinations.

2. To gratify, negatively; not to check or restrain the will, appetite or desire; as, to indulge children in amusements.

2. To gratify, positively; to grant something not of right, but as a favor; to grant in compliance with wishes or desire.

Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos and eternal Night!

Pope.

4. In general, to gratify; to favor; to humor; to yield to the wishes of; to withhold restraint from.

It is remarked by Johnson, that if the matter of indulgence is a single thing, it has with before it; if it is a habit, it has in. He indulged himself with a glass of wine; he indulges himself in sloth or intemperance.

Indulge

INDULGE, verb intransitive indulj.' To permit to enjoy or practice; or to yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without restraint or control; as, to indulge in sin, or in sensual pleasure. This form of expression is elliptical, a pronoun being omitted; as, to indulge myself or himself.

Most men are more willing to indulge in easy vices, than to practice laborious virtues.

Johnson.

2. To yield; to comply; to be favorable.

[Little used.]

Indulged

INDUL'GED, participle passive Permitted to be and to operate without check or control; as love of pleasure indulged to excess.

2. Gratified; yielded to; humored in wishes or desires; as a child indulged by his parents.

3. Granted.

Indulgence

INDUL'GENCE, or INDUL'GENCY, noun Free permission to the appetites, humor, desires, passions or will to act or operate; forbearance of restraint or control. How many children are ruined by indulgence! Indulgence is not kindness or tenderness, but it may be the effect of one or the other, or of negligence.

2. Gratification; as the indulgence of lust or of appetite.

3. Favor granted; liberality; gratification.

If all these gracious indulgencies are without effect on us, we must perish in our folly.

Rogers.

4. In the Romish church, remission of the punishment due to sins, granted by the pope or church, and supposed to save the sinner from purgatory; absolution from the censures of the church and from all transgressions.

Encyc.

Indulgent

INDUL'GENT, adjective Yielding to the wishes, desires, humor or appetites of those under one's care; compliant; not opposing or restraining; as an indulgent parent.

2. Mild; favorable; not severe; as the indulgent censure of posterity.

Waller.

3. Gratifying; favoring; with of.

The feeble old, indulgent of their ease.

Dryden.

Indulgential

INDULGEN'TIAL, adjective Relating to the indulgencies of the Romish church. [Not well authorized.]

Brevint.

Indulgently

INDUL'GENTLY, adverb With unrestrained enjoyment.

Hammond.

2. Mildly; favorably; not severely.

Indulger

INDUL'GER, noun One who indulges.

Mountagu.

Indulging

INDUL'GING, participle of the present tense Permitting to enjoy or to practice; gratifying.

Indult

INDULT', or INDULT'O, noun [Italian indulto, a pardon; Latin indultus, indulged.]

1. In the church of Rome, the power of presenting to benefices, granted to certain persons, as to kings and cardinals.

Encyc.

2. In Spain, a duty, tax or custom, paid to the king for all goods imported from the West Indies in the galleons.

Encyc.

Indurate

IN'DURATE, verb intransitive [Latin induro; in and duro, to harden.]

To grow hard; to harden or become hard. Clay indurates by drying, and by extreme heat.

Indurate

IN'DURATE, verb transitive To make hard. Extreme heat indurates clay. Some fossils are indurated by exposure to the air.

2. To make unfeeling; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate; as, to indurate the heart.

Goldsmith.

Indurated

IN'DURATED, participle passive Hardened; made obdurate.

Indurating

IN'DURATING, participle of the present tense Hardening; rendering insensible.

Induration

INDURA'TION, noun The act of hardening, or process of growing hard.

Bacon.

2. Hardness of heart; obduracy.

Decay of Piety.

Industrious

INDUS'TRIOUS, adjective [Latin industrius, from industria.]

1. Diligent in business or study; constantly, regularly or habitually occupied in business; assiduous; opposed to slothful and idle.

Frugal and industrious men are commonly friendly to the established government.

Temple.

2. Diligent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end; opposed to remiss or slack; as industrious to accomplish a journey, or to reconcile contending parties.

3. Given to industry; characterized by diligence; as an industrious life.

4. Careful; assiduous; as the industrious application of knowing men.

Watts.

Industriously

INDUS'TRIOUSLY, adverb With habitual diligence; with steady application of the powers of body or of mind.

2. Diligently; assiduously; with care; applied to a particular purpose. He attempted industriously to make peace. He industriously concealed his name.

Industry

IN'DUSTRY, noun [Latin industria; French industrie.

This is a compound word, and the root probably of the Class Ds.]

Habitual diligence in any employment, either bodily or mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; opposed to sloth and idleness. We are directed to take lessons of industry from the bee. Industry pays debts, while idleness or despair will increase them.

Indweller

INDWELL'ER, noun An inhabitant.

Spenser.

Indwelling

INDWELL'ING, adjective [in and dwelling.]

Dwelling within; remaining in the heart, even after it is renewed; as indwelling sin.

Panoplist. Macknight. Milner.

Indwelling

INDWELL'ING, noun Residence within, or in the heart or soul.

Inebriant

INE'BRIANT, adjective [See Inebriate.] Intoxicating.

Inebriant

INE'BRIANT, noun Any thing that intoxicates, as opium.

Encyc.

Inebriate

INE'BRIATE, verb transitive [Latin inebrio, inebriatus; in and ebrio, to intoxicate; ebrius, soaked, drenched, drunken. The latin ebrius is contracted from ebrigus or ebregus, as appears from the Spanish embriagar, to intoxicate; embriago, inebriated; Italian briaco, drunk; imbriacare, imbriacarsi. The sense is to wash or drench, and it is evidently from the common root of the Greek, to water or irrigate. See Rain.]

1. To make drunk; to intoxicate.

Sandys.

2. To disorder the senses; to stupefy, or to make furious or frantic; to produce effects like those of liquor, which are various in different constitutions.

Inebriate

INE'BRIATE, verb intransitive To be or become intoxicated.

Bacon.

Inebriate

INE'BRIATE, noun A habitual drunkard.

Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety terminated by much pale urine, profuse sweats, &c.

Darwin.

Inebriated

INE'BRIATED, participle passive Intoxicated.

Inebriating

INE'BRIATING, participle of the present tense Making drunk; intoxicating.

Inebriation

INEBRIA'TION, noun Drunkenness; intoxication.

Brown.

Inebriety

INEBRI'ETY, noun Drunkenness; intoxication.

Darwin.

Inedited

INED'ITED, adjective [in and edited.] Unpublished.

Warton.

Ineffable

INEF'FABLE, adjective [French from Latin ineffabilis; in and effabilis, from effor, to speak.]

Unspeakable; unutterable; that cannot be expressed in words; usually in a good sense; as the ineffable joys of heaven; the ineffable glories of the Deity.

Ineffableness

INEF'FABLENESS, noun Unspeakableness; quality of being unutterable.

Scott.

Ineffably

INEF'FABLY, adverb Unspeakably; in a manner not to be expressed in words.

Milton.

Ineffective

INEFFECT'IVE, adjective [in and effective.] Not effective; not producing any effect, or the effect intended; inefficient; useless.

The word of God, without the spirit, is a dead and ineffective letter.

Taylor.

2. Not able; not competent to the service intended; as ineffective troops; ineffective force.

3. Producing no effect.

Ineffectual

INEFFECT'UAL, adjective [in and effectual.] Not producing its proper effect, or not able to produce its effect; inefficient; weak; as an ineffectual remedy; the Spaniards made an ineffectual attempt to reduce Gibraltar. [See Inefficacious.]

Ineffectually

INEFFECT'UALLY, adverb Without effect; in vain.

Ineffectualness

INEFFECT'UALNESS, noun Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy.

James speaks of the ineffectualness of some men's devotion.

Wake.

Ineffervescence

INEFFERVES'CENCE, noun [in and effervescence.]

Want of effervescence; a state of not effervescing.

Kirwan.

Ineffervescent

INEFFERVES'CENT, adjective Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence.

Ineffervescibility

INEFFERVESCIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of not effervescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence.

Kirwan.

Ineffervescible

INEFFERVES'CIBLE, adjective Not capable of effervescence.

Inefficacious

INEFFICA'CIOUS, adjective [Italian and French inefficace; Latin inefficax; in and efficax, efficio, to effect; ex and facio, to make.]

Not efficacious; not having power to produce the effect desired, or the proper effect; of inadequate power or force.

Ineffectual, says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and inefficacious, an habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is not always observed, nor can it be; for we cannot always know whether means are inefficacious, till experiment has proved them ineffectual; nor even then, for we cannot be certain that the failure of means to produce an effect is to be attributed to habitual want of power, or to accidental and temporary causes. Inefficacious is therefore sometimes synonymous with ineffectual.

Inefficaciously

INEFFICA'CIOUSLY, adverb Without efficacy or effect.

Inefficaciousness

INEFFICA'CIOUSNESS, noun Want of power to produce the effect, or want of effect.

Inefficacy

INEF'FICACY, noun [in and efficacy, Latin efficacia.]

1. Want of power to produce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency; as the inefficacy of medicines or of means.

2. Ineffectualness; failure of effect.

Inefficiency

INEFFI'CIENCY, noun [in and efficiency.] Want of power or exertion of power to produce the effect; inefficacy.

Inefficient

INEFFI'CIENT, adjective [in and efficient.] Not efficient; not producing the effect; inefficacious.

2. Not active; effecting nothing; as an inefficient force.

Chesterfield.

Inefficiently

INEFFI'CIENTLY, adverb Ineffectually; without effect.

Inelaborate

INELAB'ORATE, adjective Not elaborate; not wrought with care.

Cockeram.

Inelastic

INELAS'TIC, adjective [in and elastic.] Not elastic; wanting elasticity; unelastic.

Inelasticity

INELASTIC'ITY, noun The absence of elasticity; the want of elastic power.

Inelegance

INEL'EGANCE, or INEL'EGANCY, noun [See Inelegant.] Want of elegance; want of beauty or polish in language, composition or manners; want of symmetry or ornament in building; want of delicacy in coloring, &c.

Inelegant

INEL'EGANT, adjective [Latin inelegans ; in and elegans, from the root of eligo, to choose.]

Not elegant; wanting beauty or polish, as language, or refinement, as manners; wanting symmetry or ornament, as an edifice; in short, wanting in any thing which correct taste requires.

Inelegantly

INEL'EGANTLY, adverb In an inelegant or unbecoming manner; coarsely; roughly.

Chesterfield.

Ineligibility

INELIGIBIL'ITY, noun [from ineligible.] Incapacity of being elected to an office.

2. State or quality of not being worthy of choice.

Ineligible

INEL'IGIBLE, adjective [in and eligible.] Not capable of being elected to an office.

2. Not worthy to be chosen or preferred; not expedient.

Ineloquent

INEL'OQUENT, adjective [in and eloquent.] Not eloquent; not speaking with fluency, propriety, grace and pathos; not persuasive; used of persons.

2. Not fluent, graceful or pathetic; not persuasive; as language or composition.

Milton.

Ineloquently

INEL'OQUENTLY, adverb Without eloquence.

Ineluctable

INELUCT'ABLE, adjective [Latin ineluctabilis.] Not to be resisted by struggling; not to be overcome. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Ineludible

INELU'DIBLE, adjective [in and eludible.] That cannot be eluded or defeated.

Glanville.

Inenarrable

INENAR'RABLE, adjective [Latin inenarrabilis.] That cannot be narrated or told.

Inept

INEPT', adjective [Latin ineptus; in and aptus, fit, apt.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuitable.

Woodward.

2. Improper; unbecoming; foolish.

More.

Ineptitude

INEPT'ITUDE, noun Unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitableness; as an ineptitude to motion.

Arbuthnot.

Ineptly

INEPT'LY, adverb Unfitly; unsuitably; foolishly.

Glanville.

Ineptness

INEPT'NESS, noun Unfitness.

More.

Inequal

INE'QUAL, adjective [in and equal.] Unequal; uneven; various.

Shenstone.

Inequality

INEQUAL'ITY, noun [Latin inoequalitas; in and oequalis, equal; French inegalitÃƒ-©.]

1. Difference or want of equality in degree, quantity, length, or quality of any kind; the state of not having equal measure, degree, dimensions or amount; as an inequality in size or stature; an inequality of numbers or of power; inequality of distances or of motions.

2. Unevenness; want of levelness; the alternate rising and falling of a surface; as the inequalities of the surface of the earth, or of a marble slab.

3. Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy; incompetency; as the inequality of terrestrial things to the wants of a rational soul.

4. Diversity; want of uniformity in different times or places; as the inequality of air or temperature.

5. Difference of rank, station or condition; as the inequalities of men in society; inequalities of rank or property.

Inequidistant

INEQUIDIS'TANT, adjective Not being equally distant.

Say.

Inequilateral

INEQUILAT'ERAL, adjective Having unequal sides.

Say.

Inequitable

INEQ'UITABLE, adjective [in and equitable.] Not equitable; not just.

Inequivalve

INE'QUIVALVE, or INEQUIVAL'VULAR, adjective Having unequal valves.

Inerm

INERM', or INERM'OUS, adjective [Latin inermis; in and arma, arms.]

Unarmed; destitute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf; a botanical word.

Martyn.

Inerrability

INERRABIL'ITY, noun [from inerrable.] Exemption from error or from the possibility of erring; infallibility.

King Charles.

Inerrable

INER'RABLE, adjective [in and err.] That cannot err; exempt from error or mistake; infallible.

Hammond.

Inerrableness

INER'RABLENESS, noun Exemption from error; inerrability.

Hammond.

Inerrably

INER'RABLY, adverb With security from error; infallibly.

Inerratic

INERRAT'IC, adjective [in and erratic.] Not erratic or wandering; fixed.

Paus. Trans.

Inerringly

INER'RINGLY, adverb Without error, mistake or deviation.

Glanville.

Inert

INERT', adjective [Latin iners; in and ars, art. The English sense is drawn not from art, but from the primary sense, strength or vigorous action.]

1. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion impressed; as, matter is inert.

2. Dull; sluggish; indisposed to move or act.

Thomson.

Inertion

INER'TION, noun Want of activity; want of action or exertion.

These vicissitudes of exertion and inertion of the arterial system, constitute the paroxysms of remittent fever.

Darwin.

Inertitude

INERT'ITUDE, noun The state of being inert, or a tendency to remain quiescent till impelled by external force to move.

Good.

Inertly

INERT'LY, adverb Without activity; sluggishly.

Dunciad.

Inertness

INERT'NESS, noun The state or quality of being inert, or destitute of the power to move per se; that quality of passiveness by which bodies persist in a state of rest, or of motion given to them by external force. In the language of philosophy, this quality is called vis inertioe, or inertia.

Newton.

2. Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion; sluggishness.

In esse, [Latin] in being; actually existing; distinguished from in posse, or in potentia, which denote that a thing is not, but may be.

Inescate

INES'CATE, verb transitive [Latin inesco.] To bait; to lay a bait for.

Inescation

INESCA'TION, noun The act of baiting.

Hallowell.

Inestimable

INES'TIMABLE, adjective [Latin inoestimabilis. See Estimate.]

1. That cannot be estimated or computed; as an inestimable sum of money.

2. Too valuable or excellent to be rated; being above all price; as inestimable rights. The privileges of American citizens, civil and religious, are inestimable.

Inestimably

INES'TIMABLY, adverb In a manner not to be estimated or rated.

Inevidence

INEV'IDENCE, noun Want of evidence; obscurity.

Barrow.

Inevident

INEV'IDENT, adjective [in and evident.] Not evident; not clear or obvious; obscure.

Brown.

Inevitability

INEVITABIL'ITY, noun [from inevitable.] Impossibility to be avoided; certainty to happen.

Bramhall.

Inevitable

INEV'ITABLE, adjective [French from Latin inevitabilis; in and evitabilis, from evito, to shun.]

Not to be avoided; that cannot be shunned; unavoidable; that admits of no escape or evasion. To die is the inevitable lot of man; we are all subjected to many inevitable calamities.

Inevitableness

INEV'ITABLENESS, noun The state of being unavoidable.

Inevitably

INEV'ITABLY, adverb Without possibility of escape or evasion; unavoidably; certainly.

How inevitably does immoderate laughter end in a sigh !

South.

Inexact

INEXACT', adjective [in and exact.] Not exact; not precisely correct or true.

Inexactness

INEXACT'NESS, noun Incorrectness; want of precision.

Inexcitable

INEXCI'TABLE, adjective [in and excitable.] Not susceptible of excitement; dull; lifeless; torpid.

Inexcusable

INEXCU'SABLE, a. s as z. [Latin inexcusabilis; in and excusabilis, excuso. See Excuse.]

Not to be excused or justified; as inexcusable folly.

Inexcusableness

INEXCU'SABLENESS, noun The quality of not admitting of excuse or justification; enormity beyond forgiveness or palliation.

This inexcusableness is stated on the supposition that they knew God, but did not glorify him.

South.

Inexcusably

INEXCU'SABLY, adverb With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.

Inexecution

INEXECU'TION, noun Neglect of execution; non-performance; as the inexecution of a treaty.

Inexertion

INEXER'TION, noun [in and exertion.] Want of exertion; want of effort; defect of action.

Darwin.

Inexhalable

INEXHA'LABLE, adjective [in and exhalable, Latin exhalo.]

Not to be exhaled or evaporated; not evaporable.

Brown.

Inexhausted

INEXHAUST'ED, adjective [in and exhausted.]

1. Not exhausted; not emptied; unexhausted.

2. Not spent; not having lost all strength or resources; unexhausted.

Inexhaustible

INEXHAUST'IBLE, adjective [in and exhaustible.]

1. That cannot be exhausted or emptied; unfailing; as an inexhaustible quantity or supply of water.

2. That cannot be wasted or spent; as inexhaustible stores of provisions.

Inexhaustibleness

INEXHAUST'IBLENESS, noun The state of being inexhaustible.

Inexhaustive

INEXHAUST'IVE, adjective Not to be exhausted or spent.

Inexistence

INEXIST'ENCE, noun [in and existence.]

1. Want of being or existence.

Broome.

2. Inherence.

Inexistent

INEXIST'ENT, adjective [in and existent.] Not having being; not existing.

South. Brown.

2. Existing in something else.

Boyle.

Inexorability

INEXORABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being inexorable or unyielding to entreaty.

Paley.

Inexorable

INEX'ORABLE, adjective [French from Latin inexorabilis; in and exorabilis, from exoro, to entreat; ex and oro, to pray.]

1. Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; too firm and determined in purpose to yield to supplication; as an inexorable prince or tyrant; an inexorable judge.

2. Unyielding; that cannot be made to bend.

Inexorable equality of laws.

Gibbon.

Inexorably

INEX'ORABLY, adverb So as to be immovable by intreaty.

Inexpectation

INEXPECTA'TION, noun State of having no expectation.

Feltham.

Inexpected

INEXPECT'ED, adjective Not expected. [Not in use.]

Inexpedience

INEXPE'DIENCE, or INEXPE'DIENCY, noun [in and expedience.] Want of fitness; impropriety; unsuitableness to the purpose. The inexpedience of a measure is to be determined by the prospect of its advancing the purpose intended or not.

Inexpedient

INEXPE'DIENT, adjective [in and expedient.] Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to a good end unfit; improper; unsuitable to time and place. Whatever tends to retard or defeat success in a good cause is inexpedient. What is expedient at one time, may be inexpedient at another.

Inexperience

INEXPE'RIENCE, noun [in and experience.] Want of experience or experimental knowledge; as the inexperience of youth, or their inexperience of the world.

Inexperienced

INEXPE'RIENCED, adjective Not having experience; unskilled.

Inexpert

INEXPERT', adjective [in and expert.] Not expert; not skilled; destitute of knowledge or dexterity derived from practice.

In letters and in laws

Not inexpert.

Prior.

Inexpiable

INEX'PIABLE, adjective [French from Latin inexpiabilis. See Expiate.]

1. That admits of no atonement or satisfaction; as an inexpiable crime or offense.

2. That cannot be mollified or appeased by atonement; as inexpiable hate.

Milton.

Inexpiably

INEX'PIABLY, adverb To a degree that admits of no atonement.

Roscommon.

Inexplainable

INEXPLA'INABLE, adjective That cannot be explained; inexplicable. [The latter word is generally used.]

Inexpleably

INEXPLE'ABLY, adverb Insatiably. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Inexplicable

INEX'PLICABLE, adjective [French from Latin inexplicabilis; in and explico, to unfold.]

That cannot be explained or interpreted; not capable of being rendered plain and intelligible; as an inexplicable mystery.

Inexplicably

INEX'PLICABLY, adverb In a manner not to be explained.

Inexplorable

INEXPLO'RABLE, adjective [in and explorable, from explore.]

That cannot be explored, searched or discovered.

Tooke.

Inexpressible

INEXPRESS'IBLE, adjective [in and expressible, from express.]

Not to be expressed in words; not to be uttered; unspeakable; unutterable; as inexpressible grief, joy or pleasure.

Inexpressibly

INEXPRESS'IBLY, adverb In a manner or degree not to be told or expressed in words; unspeakably; unutterably.

Hammond.

Inexpressive

INEXPRESS'IVE, adjective Not tending to express; not expressing; inexpressible.

Inexposure

INEXPO'SURE, noun [in and exposure.] A state of not being exposed.

Med. Repos.

Inexpugnable

INEXPUG'NABLE, adjective [French from Latin inexpugnabilis; in and expugno; ex and pugno, to fight.]

Not to be subdued by force; not to be taken by assault; impregnable.

Ray.

Inexsuperable

INEXSU'PERABLE, adjective [Latin inexsuperabilis.] Not to be passed over or surmounted.

Inextended

INEXTEND'ED, adjective Having no extension.

Good.

Inextension

INEXTEN'SION, noun [in and extension.] Want of extension; unextended state.

Encyc.

Inexterminable

INEXTERM'INABLE, adjective [in and exterminable.] That cannot be exterminated.

Rush.

Inextinct

INEXTINCT', adjective Not quenched; not extinct.

Inextinguishable

INEXTIN'GUISHABLE, adjective [in and extinguishable.]

That cannot be extinguished; unquenchable; as inextinguishable flame, thirst or desire.

Inextirpable

INEXTIR'PABLE, adjective That cannot be extirpated.

Inextricable

INEX'TRICABLE, adjective [French from Latin inextricabilis. See Extricate.]

1. Not to be disentangled; not to be freed from intricacy or perplexity; as an inextricable maze or difficulty.

Sherlock.

2. Not to be untied; as an inextricable knot.

Inextricableness

INEX'TRICABLENESS, noun The state of being inextricable.

Donne.

Inextricably

INEX'TRICABLY, adverb To a degree of perplexity not to be disentangled.

Pope.

Ineye

INEYE, verb transitive To inoculate, as a tree or a bud.

Philips.

Infabricated

INFAB'RICATED, adjective Unfabricated; unwrought. [Not used.]

Infallibility

INFALLIBIL'ITY, or INFAL'LIBLENESS, noun [from infallible.] The quality of being incapable of error or mistake; entire exemption from liability to error; inerrability. No human being can justly lay claim to infallibility. This is an attribute of God only.

Infallible

INFAL'LIBLE, adjective [F. infaillible; in and faillir, Latin fallo.]

1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; applied to persons. No man is infallible; to be infallible is the prerogative of God only.

2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive confidence; certain; as infallible evidence; infallible success.

To whom he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofsÃ‚-- Acts 1.

Infallibly

INFAL'LIBLY, adverb Without a possibility of erring or mistaking.

Smalridge.

2. Certainly; without a possibility of failure. Our Savior has directed us to conduct that will infallibly render us happy.

Infame

INFA'ME, verb transitive To defame. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Infamous

IN'FAMOUS, adjective [French infame; Latin infamis; infamo, to defame; in and fama, fame.]

1. Of ill report, emphatically; having a reputation of the worst kind; publicly branded with odium for vice or guilt; base; scandalous; notoriously vile; used of persons; as an infamous liar; an infamous rake or gambler.

2. Odious; detestable; held in abhorrence; that renders a person infamous; as an infamous vice.

3. Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime. An infamous person cannot be a witness.

Infamously

IN'FAMOUSLY, adverb In a manner or degree to render infamous; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully.

2. With open reproach.

Infamousness

IN'FAMOUSNESS, or IN'FAMY, noun [French infamie; Latin infamia; in and fama, report.]

1. Total loss of reputation; public disgrace. Avoid the crimes and vices which expose men to infamy.

2. Qualities which are detested and despised; qualities notoriously bad and scandalous; as the infamy of an action.

3. In law, that loss of character or public disgrace which a convict incurs, and by which a person is rendered incapable of being a witness or juror.

Encyc.

Infancy

IN'FANCY, noun [Latin infantia. See Infant.]

1. The first part of life, beginning at the birth. In common usage, infancy extends not beyond the first year or two of life, but there is not a defined limit where infancy ends, and childhood begins.

2. In law, infancy extends to the age of twenty one years.

3. The first age of any thing; the begining or early period of existence; as the infancy of the Roman republic; the infancy of a college or of a charitable society; the infancy of agriculture, of manufactures, or of commerce.

Infandous

INFAND'OUS, adjective [Latin infandus.] Too odious to be expressed. [Not in use.]

Howell.

Infangthef

INFANG'THEF, noun [Saxon in, fangan, to take, and theof, thief.]

In English law, the privilege granted to lords to judge thieves taken on their manors, or within their franchises.

Cowel.

Infant

IN'FANT, noun [French enfant; Latin infans; in and fans, speaking, fari, to speak.]

1. A child in the first period of life, begining at his birth; a young babe. In common usage, a child ceases to be called an infant within the first or second year, but at no definite period. In some cases, authors indulge a greater latitude, and extend the term to include children of several years of age.

2. In law, a person under the age of twenty one years, who is incapable of making valid contracts.

Infant

IN'FANT, adjective Pertaining to infancy or the first period of life.

2. Young; tender; not mature; as infant strength.

Infanta

INFANT'A, noun In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress apparent.

Infante

INFANT'E, noun In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, except the eldest or heir apparent.

Infanticide

INFANT'ICIDE, noun [Low Latin infanticidium; infans, an infant, and coedo, to kill.]

1. The intentional killing of an infant.

2. The slaughter of infants by Herod. Matthew 2.

3. A slayer of infants.

Infantile

IN'FANTILE, adjective [Latin infantilis.] Pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; pertaining to the first period of life.

Infantine

IN'FANTINE, adjective Pertaining to infants or to young children.

Infantlike

IN'FANTLIKE, adjective Like an infant.

Shak.

Infantly

IN'FANTLY, adjective Like a child's.

Beaum.

Infantry

IN'FANTRY, noun [French infanterie; Spanish infanteria; Italian fanteria. See Infant.]

In military affairs, the soldiers or troops that serve on foot, as distinguished from cavalry; as a company, regiment or brigade of infantry. In some armies, there have been heavy-armed infantry, and light-armed or light infantry. according to their manner of arming and equipping.

Infarce

INF`ARCE, v. t. infars. To stuff. [Not in use.]

Infarction

INFARC'TION, noun [Latin infarcio, infercio, to stuff; in and farcio.]

The act of stuffing or filling; constipation.

Harvey.

Infashionable

INFASH'IONABLE, adjective Unfashionable. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Infatigable

INFAT'IGABLE, adjective Indefatigable.

Obs.

Infatuate

INFAT'UATE, verb transitive [Latin infatuo; in and fatuus, foolish.]

1. To make foolish; to affect with folly; to weaken the intellectual powers, or to deprive of sound judgment. In general, this word does not signify to deprive absolutely of rational powers and reduce to idiocy, but to deprive of sound judgment, so that a person infatuated acts in certain cases as a fool, or without common discretion and prudence. Whom God intends to destroy, he first infatuates.

The judgment of God will be very visible in infatuating a people, ripe and prepared for destruction.

Clarendon.

2. To preposses or incline to a person or thing in a manner not justified by prudence or reason; to inspire with an extravagant or foolish passion, too obstinate to be controlled by reason. Men are often infatuated with a love of gaming, or of sensual pleasure.

Infatuated

INFAT'UATED, participle passive Affected with folly.

Infatuating

INFAT'UATING, participle of the present tense Affecting with folly.

Infatuation

INFATUA'TION, noun The act of affecting with folly.

2. A state of mind in which the intellectual powers are weakened, either generally, or in regard to particular objects, so that the person affected acts without his usual judgment, and contrary to the dictates of reason. All men who waste their substance in gaming, intemperance or any other vice, are chargeable with infatuation.

Infausting

INFAUST'ING, noun [Latin infaustus.] The act of making unlucky. Obs.

Bacon.

Infeasibility

INFEASIBIL'ITY, or INFE'ASIBLENESS, n. s as z. [from infeasible.] Impracticability; the quality of not being capable of being done or performed.

Infeasible

INFE'ASIBLE, a. s as z. [in and feasible, French faisable, from faire, to make or do, Latin facio.]

Not to be done; that cannot be accomplished; impracticable.

Glanville.

Infect

INFECT', verb transitive [French infecter; Spanish infectar; Italian infettare; Latin inficio, infectus; in and facio. In this application of inficio, as in inficior, to deny, we find the radical sense of facio, to make, which is to thrust, to drive. To infect is to thrust in; to deny is to thrust against, that is, to thrust away, to repel. And here we observe the different effects of the prefix in, upon the verb.]

1. To taint with disease; to infuse into a healthy body the virus, miasma, or morbid matter of a diseased body, or any pestilential or noxious air or substance by which a disease is produced. Persons in health are infected by the contagion of the plague, of syphilis, of small pox, of malignant fevers. In some cases, persons can be infected only by contact, as in syphilis; in most cases, they may be infected without contact with the diseased body.

2. To taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter; as, to infect a lancet; to infect clothing; to infect an apartment.

3. To communicate bad qualities to; to corupt to taint by the communication of any thing noxious or pernicious. It is melancholy to see the young infected and corrupted by vicious examples, or the minds of our citizens infected with errors.

4. To contaminate with illegality.

Infect

INFECT', adjective Infected. [Not used.]

Infected

INFECT'ED, participle passive Tainted with noxious matter; corrupted by poisonous exhalations; corrupted by bad qualities communicated.

Infecter

INFECT'ER, noun He or that which infects.

Infecting

INFECT'ING, participle of the present tense Tainting; corrupting.

Infection

INFEC'TION, noun [French from Latin inficio.] The act of infecting, or the act by which poisonous matter, morbid miasmata or exhalations produce disease in a healthy body. The words contagion and infection are frequently confounded. The proper distinction between them is this. Contagion is the virus or effluvium generated in a diseased body, and capable of producing the specific disease in a healthy body by contact or otherwise. Marsh miasm is not properly contagion. Infection is any thing that taints or corrupts; hence it includes contagion, and any other morbid, noxious matter which may excite disease in a healthy body. Hence,

2. The morbid cause which excites disease in a healthy or uninfected body. This cause may be contagion from a diseased body, or other poisonous or noxious matter received into the body or under the skin. The infection of the plague and of yellow fever, is said to be imported in ships and conveyed in clothing; persons are said to take the infection from a diseased person, or from the air of apartments where the sick are confined. The infection spreads in a city, or it is free from infection. Pestilential exhalations are called infections.

Tooke, Russ. Encyc. art. Plague. Rush.

Infection is used in two acceptations; first, as denoting the effluvium or infectious matter exhaled from the person of one diseased, in which sense it is synonymous with contagion; and secondly, as signifying the act of communication of such morbid effluvium, by which disease is transferred.

Cyc.

3. That which taints, poisons or corrupts by communication from one to another; as the infection of error or of evil example.

4. Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods.

5. Communication of like qualities.

Mankind are gay or serious by infection.

Rambler.

Infectious

INFEC'TIOUS, adjective Having qualities that may taint, or communicate disease to; as an infectious fever; infectious clothing; infectious air; infectious miasma.

2. Corrupting; tending to taint by communication; as infectious vices or manners.

3. Contaminating with illegality; exposing to seizure and forfeiture.

Contraband articles are said to be of an infectious nature.

Kent.

4. Capable of being communicated by near approach.

Grief as well as joy is infectious.

Kames.

Infectiously

INFEC'TIOUSLY, adverb By infection.

Infectiousness

INFEC'TIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being infectious, or capable of communicating disease or taint from one to another.

Infective

INFECT'IVE, adjective Having the quality of communicating disease or taint from one to another.

Sidney.

Infecund

INFE'CUND, adjective [Latin infoecundus; in and foecundus, prolific.] Unfruitful; not producing young; barren.

Infecundity

INFECUND'ITY, noun [Latin infoecunditas.] Unfruitfulness; barrenness.

Med. Repos.

Infelicity

INFELIC'ITY, noun [French infelicitÃƒ-©; Latin infelicitas. See Felicity.] Unhappiness; misery; misfortune.

2. Unfortunate State; unfavorableness; as the infelicity of the times, or of the occasion.

Infer

INFER', verb transitive [French inferer; Latin infero; in and fero, to bear or produce.]

1. Literally, to bring on; to induce. [Little used.]

Harvey.

2. To deduce; to draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. From the character of God, as creator and governor of the world, we infer the indispensable obligation of all his creatures to obey his commands. We infer one proposition or truth from another, when we perceive that if one is true, the other must be true also.

3. To offer; to produce. [Not used.]

Shak.

Inferable

INFER'ABLE, adjective That may be inferred or deduced from premises.

Burke.

Inference

IN'FERENCE, noun [French from inferer.] A truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion. Inferences result from reasoning, as when the mind perceives such a connection between ideas, as that, if certain propositions called premises are true, the conclusions or propositions deduced from them must also be true.

Infeoff

INFEOFF. [See Enfeoff.]

Inferior

INFE'RIOR, adjective [Latin comp. from inferus, low; Spanish id; French inferieur.]

1. Lower in place.

2. Lower in station, age, or rank in life. Pay due respect to those who are superior in station, and due civility to those who are inferior.

3. Lower in excellence or value; as a poem of inferior merit; cloth of inferior quality or price.

4. Subordinate; of less importance. Attend to health and safety; ease and convenience are inferior considerations.

Inferior

INFE'RIOR, noun A person who is younger, or of a lower station or rank in society.

A person gets more by obliging his inferior, than by disdaining him.

South.

Inferiority

INFERIOR'ITY, noun [French inferioritÃƒ-©.] A lower state of dignity, age, value or quality. We speak of the inferiority of rank, of office, of talents, of age, of worth.

Infernal

INFERN'AL, adjective [French from Latin infernus.]

1. Properly, pertaining to the lower regions, or regions of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients. Hence.

2. Pertaining to hell; inhabiting hell; as infernal spirits.

3. Hellish; resembling the temper of infernal spirits; malicious; diabolical; very wicked and detestable.

Infernal

INFERN'AL, noun An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower regions.

Infernal stone [lapis infernalis,] a name formerly given to lunar caustic, a substance prepared from an evaporated solution of silver, or from crystals of silver.

Hill.

Lunar caustic is nitrate of silver fused and cast in small cylinders.

Webster's Manual.

Infertile

INFER'TILE, adjective [French from Latin infertilis; in and fertilis.]

Not fertile; not fruitful or productive; barren; as an infertile soil.

Infertility

INFERTIL'ITY, noun Unfruitfulness; unproductiveness; barrenness; as the infertility of land.

Hale.

Infest

INFEST', verb transitive [French infester; Latin infesto.] To trouble greatly; to distrub; to annoy; to harass. In warm weather, men are infested with musketoes and gnats; flies infest horses and cattle. The sea is often infested with pirates. Small parties of the enemy infest the coast.

These, said the genius, are envy, avarice, superstition, love, with the like cares and passions that infest human life.

Addison.

Infestation

INFESTA'TION, noun The act of infesting; molestation.

Bacon.

Infested

INFEST'ED, participle passive Troubled; annoyed; harassed; plagued.

Infestered

INFES'TERED, adjective [in and fester.] Rankling; inveterate.

Infesting

INFEST'ING, participle of the present tense Annoying; harassing; disturbing.

Infestive

INFEST'IVE, adjective [in and festive.] Having no mirth.

Infestivity

INFESTIV'ITY, noun [in and festivity.] Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness and mirth at entertainments.

Infestuous

INFEST'UOUS, adjective [Latin infestus.] Mischievous. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Infeudation

INFEUDA'TION, noun [in and feudum, feud.]

1. The act of putting one in possession of an estate in fee.

Hale.

2. The granting of tithes to laymen.

Blackstone.

Infidel

IN'FIDEL, adjective [French infidele; Latin infidelis; in and fidelis, faithful.]

Unbelieving; disbelieving the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine institution of christianity.

The infidel writer is a great enemy to society.

Knox.

Infidel

IN'FIDEL, noun One who disbelieves the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the divine origin of christianity.

Infidelity

INFIDEL'ITY, noun [French infidelitÃƒ-©; Latin infidelitas.]

1. In general, want of faith or belief; a withholding of credit.

2. Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine original of christianity; unbelief.

There is no doubt that vanity is one principal cause of infidelity.

Knox.

3. Unfaithfulness, particularly in married persons; a violation of the marriage covenant by adultery or lewdness.

4. Breach of trust; treachery; deceit; as the infidelity of a friend or a servant. In this sense, unfaithfulness is most used.

Infiltrate

INFIL'TRATE, verb intransitive [French filtrer, to filter.] To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance.

Infiltrating

INFIL'TRATING, participle of the present tense Penetrating by the pores or interstices.

Infiltration

INFILTRA'TION, noun The act or process of entering the pores or cavities of a body.

2. The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body.

Calcarious infiltrations, filling the cavities of other stones.

Kirwan.

Infinite

IN'FINITE, adjective [Latin infinitus; in and finitus, terminated; French infini; Spanish infinito.]

1. Without limits; unbounded; boundless; not circumscribed; applied to time, space and qualities. God is infinite in duration, having neither beginning nor end of existence. He is also infinite in presence, or omnipresent, and his perfections are infinite. We also speak of infinite space.

2. That will have no end. Thus angels and men, though they have had a beginning, will exist in infinite duration.

3. That has a beginning in space, but is infinitely extended; as, a line beginning at a point, but extended indefinitely, is an infinite line.

4. Infinite is used loosely and hyperbolically for indefinitely large, immense, of great size or extent.

Infinite canon, in music, a perpetual fugue.

Infinitely

IN'FINITELY, adverb Without bounds or limits.

2. Immensely; greatly; to a great extent or degree; as, I am infinitely obliged by your condescension.

Infiniteness

IN'FINITENESS, noun Boundless extent of time, space or qualities; infinity.

Taylor.

2. Immensity; greatness.

Infinitesimal

INFINITES'IMAL, adjective Indefinitely small.

Johnson. Encyc.

Infinitesimal

INFINITES'IMAL, noun An indefinitely small quantity.

Encyc.

Infinitive

INFIN'ITIVE, adjective [Latin infinitivus; French infinitif.]

In grammar, the infinitive mode expresses the action of the verb, without limitation of person or number; as, to love.

Infinitude

INFIN'ITUDE, noun Infinity; infiniteness; the quality or state of being without limits; infinite extent; as the infinitude of space, of time, or of perfections.

2. Immensity; greatness.

3. Boundless number.

Addison.

Infinity

INFIN'ITY, noun [French infinitÃƒ-©; Latin infinitas.]

1. Unlimited extent of time, space or quantity; boundlessness. We apply infinity to God and his perfections; we speak of the infinity of his existence, his knowledge, his power, his goodness and holiness.

2. Immensity; indefinite extent.

3. Endless or indefinite number; a hyperbolical use of the word; as an infinity of beauties.

Infirm

INFIRM, a. inferm'. [French infirme; Latin infirmus; in and firmus.]

1. Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; as an infirm body; an infirm constitution.

2. Weak of mind; irresolute; as infirm of purpose.

Shak.

3. Not solid or stable.

He who fixes on false principles, treads on infirm ground.

South.

Infirm

INFIRM, v. t. inferm'. To weaken. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Infirmary

INFIRMARY, n. inferm'ary. A hospital or place where the sick are lodged and nursed.

Infirmity

INFIRMITY, n. inferm'ity. [French infirmitÃƒ-©; Latin infirmitas.]

1. An unsound or unhealthy state of the body; weakness; feebleness. Old age is subject to infirmities.

2. Weakness of mind; failing; fault; foible.

A friend should bear a friend's infirmities.

Shak.

3. Weakness of resolution.

4. Any particular disease; malady; applied rather to chronic, than to violent diseases.

Hooker.

5. Defect; imperfection; weakness; as the infirmities of a constitution of government.

Hamilton.

Infirmness

INFIRMNESS, n. inferm'ness. Weakness; feebleness; unsoundness.

Boyle.

Infix

INFIX', verb transitive [Latin infixus, infigo; in and figo, to fix.]

1. To fix by piercing or thrusting in; as, to infix a sting, spear or dart.

2. To set in; to fasten in something.

3. To implant or fix, as principles, thoughts, instructions; as, to infix good principles in the mind, or ideas in the memory.

Infixed

INFIX'ED, participle passive Thrust in; set in; inserted; deeply implanted.

Infixing

INFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Thrusting in; setting in; implanting.

Inflame

INFLA'ME, verb transitive [Latin inflammo; in and flamma, flame.]

1. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn; in a literal sense. But more generally,

2. To excite or increase, as passion or appetite; to enkindle into violent action; as, to inflame love, lust or thirst; to inflame desire or anger.

3. To exaggerate; to aggravate in description.

A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes. [Unusual.]

Addison.

4. To heat; to excite excessive action in the blood; as, to inflame the blood or body; to inflame with wine.

5. To provoke; to irritate; to anger.

6. To increase; to exasperate; as, to inflame the enmity of parties, or the spirit of sedition.

7. To increase; to augment; as, to inflame a presumption.

Kent.

Inflame

INFLA'ME, verb intransitive To grow hot, angry and painful.

Wiseman.

Inflamed

INFLA'MED, participle passive Set on fire; enkindled; heated; provoked; exasperated.

Inflamer

INFLA'MER, noun The person or thing that inflames.

Addison.

Inflaming

INFLA'MING, participle of the present tense Kindling; heating; provoking; exasperating.

Inflammability

INFLAMMABIL'ITY, noun Susceptibility of taking fire.

Inflammable

INFLAM'MABLE, adjective That may be set on fire; easily enkindled; susceptible of combustion; as inflammable oils or spirits.

Inflammableness

INFLAM'MABLENESS, noun The quality of being susceptible of flame, or capable of taking fire; inflammability.

Boyle.

Inflammation

INFLAMMA'TION, noun [Latin inflammatio.]

1. The act of setting on fire or inflaming.

2. The state of being in flame.

Temple. Wilkins.

3. In medicine and surgery, a redness and swelling of any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain and febrile symptoms.

Encyc.

4. Violent excitement; heat; animosity; turbulence; as an inflammation of the body politic, or of parties.

Inflammatory

INFLAM'MATORY, adjective Inflaming; tending to excite heat or inflammation; as medicines of an inflammatory nature.

2. Accompanied with preternatural heat and excitement of arterial action; as an inflammatory fever or disease.

3. Tending to excite anger, animosity, tumult or sedition; as inflammatory libels, writings, speeches or publications.

Inflate

INFLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin inflatus, from inflo; in and flo, to blow.]

1. To swell or distend by injecting air; as, to inflate a bladder; to inflate the lungs.

2. To fill with the breath; to blow in.

Dryden.

3. To swell; to puff up; to elate; as, to inflate one with pride or vanity.

Inflate

INFLA'TE, or INFLA'TED, adjective In botany, puffed; hollow and distended; as a perianth, corol, nectary, or pericarp.

Martyn.

Inflated

INFLA'TED, participle passive Swelled or distended with air; puffed up.

Inflating

INFLA'TING, participle of the present tense Distending with air; puffing up.

Inflation

INFLA'TION, noun [Latin inflatio.] The act of inflating.

2. The state of being distended with air injected or inhaled.

3. The state of being puffed up, as with vanity.

4. Conceit.

B. Jonson.

Inflect

INFLECT', verb transitive [Latin inflecto; in and flecto, to bend.]

1. To bend; to turn from a direct line or course.

Are not the rays of the sun reflected, refracted and inflected by one and the same principle?

Newton.

2. In grammar, to vary a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline, as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb.

3. To modulate, as the voice.

Inflected

INFLECT'ED, participle passive Bent or turned from a direct line or course; as an inflected ray of light; varied in termination.

Inflecting

INFLECT'ING, participle of the present tense Bending or turning from its course; varying in termination; modulating, as the voice.

Inflection

INFLEC'TION, noun [Latin inflectio.] The act of bending or turning from a direct line or course.

2. In optics, a property of light by which its rays, when they approach a body, are bent towards it or from it.

Encyc. Cyc.

3. In grammar, the variation of nouns, &c. by declension, and verbs by conjugation.

Encyc.

4. Modulation of the voice in speaking.

Hooker.

More commonly inflection gives significance to tones.

E. Porter.

Point of inflection, in geometry, the point where a curve begins to bend the contrary way.

Encyc.

Inflective

INFLECT'IVE, adjective Having the power of bending; as the inflective quality of the air.

Derham.

Inflexed

INFLEX'ED, adjective [Latin inflexus.] Turned; bent.

Feltham.

Inflexibility

INFLEXIBIL'ITY, or INFLEX'IBLENESS, noun [French inflexibilitÃƒ-©, from inflexible; Latin in and flexibilis, from flecto, to bend.]

1. The quality of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent; unyielding stiffness.

2. Obstinacy of will or temper; firmness of purpose that will not yield to importunity or persuasion; unbending pertinacity.

Inflexible

INFLEX'IBLE, adjective [Fr:; Latin inflexibilis.]

1. That cannot be bent; as an inflexible oak.

2. That will not yield to prayers or arguments; firm in purpose; not to be prevailed on; that cannot be turned; as a man of upright and inflexible temper.

Addison.

3. Not to be changed or altered.

The nature of things is inflexible.

Watts.

Inflexibly

INFLEX'IBLY, adverb With a firmness that resists all importunity or persuasion; with unyielding pertinaciousness; inexorable. A judge should be inflexibly just and impartial.

Inflexion

INFLEXION. [See Inflection.]

Inflict

INFLICT', verb transitive [Latin infictus, infligo; in and fligo, to strike, to flog.]

To lay on; to throw or send on; to apply; as, to inflict pain or disgrace; to inflict punishment on an offender.

To inflict an office, condition, knowledge, tenderness, &c. on one, as used by Chesterfield, is not an authorized use of the word.

Inflicted

INFLICT'ED, participle passive Laid on; applied; as punishment or judgments.

Inflicter

INFLICT'ER, noun He who lays on or applies.

Inflicting

INFLICT'ING, participle of the present tense Laying on; applying.

Infliction

INFLIC'TION, noun [Latin inflictio.] The act of laying on or applying; as the infliction of torment or of punishment.

2. The punishment applied.

His severest inflictions are in themselves acts of justice and righteousness.

Rogers.

Inflictive

INFLICT'IVE, adjective Tending or able to inflict.

Inflorescence

INFLORES'CENCE, noun [Latin inflorescens, infloresco, infloreo; in and floreo, to blossom.]

1. In botany, a mode of flowering, or the manner in which flowers are supported on their foot-stalks or peduncles.

Inflorescence affords an excellent characteristic mark in distinguishing the species of plants.

Milne.

2. A flowering; the unfolding of blossoms.

Journ. of Science.

Influence

IN'FLUENCE, noun [French from Latin influens, influo, to flow in; in and fluo, to flow; Spanish influencia; Italian influenza.] Literally, a flowing in, into or on, and referring to substances spiritual or too subtil to be visible, like inspiration. Hence the word was formerly followed by into.

God hath his influence into the very essence of all things.

Hooker.

It is now followed by on or with.

2. In a general sense, influence denotes power whose operation is invisible and known only by its effects, or a power whose cause and operation are unseen.

3. The power which celestial bodies are supposed to exert on terrestrial; as the influence of the planets on the birth and fortunes of men; an exploded doctrine of astrology.

4. Moral power; power of truth operating on the mind, rational faculties or will, in persuading or dissuading, as the influence of motives, of arguments, or of prayer. We say, arguments had no influence on the jury. The magistrate is not popular; he has no influence with the people; or he has great influence with the prince.

5. Physical power; power that affects natural bodies by unseen operation; as, the rays of the sun have an influence in whitening cloth, and in giving a green color to vegetables.

6. Power acting on sensibility; as the influence of love or pity in sympathy.

7. Spiritual power, or the immediate power of God on the mind; as divine influence; the influences of the Holy Spirit.

Influence

IN'FLUENCE, verb transitive To move by physical power operating by unseen laws or force; to affect.

These experiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo, as open air, and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.

Newton.

2. To move by moral power; to act on and affect, as the mind or will, in persuading or dissuading; to induce. Men are influenced by motives of interest or pleasure. An orator may influence the people to take arms, or to abandon an enterprise.

3. To move, as the passions; as, to influence one by pity.

4. To lead or direct. This revelation is sufficient to influence our faith and practice.

Influenced

IN'FLUENCED, participle passive Moved; excited; affected; persuaded; induced.

Influencing

IN'FLUENCING, participle of the present tense Moving; affecting; inducing.

Influent

IN'FLUENT, adjective Flowing in. [Little used.]

Arbuthnot.

Influential

INFLUEN'TIAL, adjective Exerting influence or power by invisible operation, as physical causes on bodies, or as moral causes on the mind. It is particularly used to express the operation of moral causes.

Milner.

Influential characters, persons who possess the power of inclining or controlling the minds of others.

Hamilton.

Influentially

INFLUEN'TIALLY, adverb By means of influence, so as to incline, move or direct.

Influenza

INFLUEN'ZA, noun [Italian influenza, influence.]

An epidemic catarrh. The influenza of October and November, 1789, and that of April and May, 1790, were very general or universal in the United States, and unusually severe. A like influenza prevailed in the winters of 1825 and 1826.

Influx

IN'FLUX, noun [Latin influxus, influo; in and fluo, to flow.]

1. The act of flowing in; as an influx of light or other fluid.

2. Infusion; intromission.

The influx of the knowlege of God, in relation to everlasting life, is infinitely of moment.

Hale.

3. Influence; power. [Not used.]

Hale.

4. A coming in; introduction; importation in abundance; as a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.

Influxion

INFLUX'ION, noun Infusion; intromission.

Bacon.

Influxious

INFLUX'IOUS, adjective Influential. [Not used.]

Influxive

INFLUX'IVE, adjective Having influence, or having a tendency to flow in.

Halesworth.

Infold

INFOLD, verb intransitive [in and fold.] To involve; to wrap up or enwrap; to inclose.

Infold his limbs in bands.

Blackmore.

2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace.

Noble Banco, let me infold thee,

And hold thee to my heart.

Shak.

Infolded

INFOLDED, participle passive Involved; enwrapped; inclosed; embraced.

Infolding

INFOLDING, participle of the present tense Involving; wrapping up; clasping.

Infoliate

INFO'LIATE, verb transitive [Latin in and folium, a leaf.]

To cover or overspread with leaves. [Not much used.]

Howell.

Inform

INFORM', verb transitive [French informer; Spanish informar; Italian informare; Latin informo, to shape; in and formo, forma, form.] Properly, to give form or shape to, but in this sense not used.

1. To animate; to give life to; to actuate by vital powers.

Let others better mold the running mass

Of metals, and inform the breathing brass.

Dryden.

Breath informs this fleeting frame.

Prior.

Ã‚--Breathes in our soul, informs our vital part.

Pope.

[This use is chiefly or wholly poetical.]

2. To instruct; to tell to; to acquaint; to communicate knowledge to; to make known to by word or writing; usually followed by of. Before we judge, we should be well informed of the facts relating to the case. A messenger arrived and informed the commander of the state of the troops. Letters from Europe inform us of the commencement of hostilities between the Persians and Turks.

3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to one by way of accusation.

Tertullus informed the governor against Paul. Acts 24.

In this application the verb is usually intransitive; as, A informed against B.

Inform

INFORM', verb intransitive To give intelligence.

Shak.

He might either teach in the same manner, or inform how he had been taughtÃ‚--

Monthly Rev.

To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation; to give intelligence of a breach of law. Two persons came to the magistrate, and informed against A.

Inform

INFORM', adjective [Latin informis.] Without regular form; shapeless; ugly.

Informal

INFORM'AL, adjective [in and formal. ] Not in the regular or usual form; as an informal writing; informal proceedings.

2. Not in the usual manner; not according to custom; as an informal visit.

3. Not with the official forms; as, the secretary made to the envoy an informal communication.

Informality

INFORMAL'ITY, noun [from informal.]

Want of regular or customary form. The informality of legal proceedings may render them void.

Informally

INFORM'ALLY, adverb In an irregular or informal manner; without the usual forms.

Informant

INFORM'ANT, noun One who informs, or gives intelligence.

2. One who offers an accusation. [See Informer, which is generally used.]

Information

INFORMA'TION, noun [French from Latin informatio.]

1. Intelligence; notice, news or advice communicated by word or writing. We received information of the capture of the ship by an arrival at Boston. The information by the messenger is confirmed by letters.

2. Knowledge derived from reading or instruction.

He should get'some information in the subject he intends to handle.

Swift.

3. Knowledge derived from the senses or from the operation of the intellectual faculties.

The active informations of the intellectÃ‚--

South.

4. Communication of facts for the purpose of accusation; a charge or accusation exhibited to a magistrate or court. An information is the accusation of a common informer or of a private person; the accusation of a grand jury is called an indictment or a presentment.

Blackstone.

Informative

INFORM'ATIVE, adjective Having power to animate.

More.

Informed

INFORM'ED, participle passive Told; instructed; made acquainted.

Informer

INFORM'ER, noun One who animates, informs or gives intelligence.

2. One who communicates, or whose duty it is to communicate to a magistrate a knowledge of the violations of law, and bring the offenders to trial.

Informidable

INFORM'IDABLE, adjective [in and formidable.]

Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded.

Foe not informidable.

Milton.

Informing

INFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Giving notice or intelligence; telling.

2. Communicating facts by way of accusation.

Informing officer, is an officer whose duty it is to inform against persons for breaches of law, as an attorney-general, a sheriff, constable, or grand juror.

A common informer, is any person who informs against another.

Informity

INFORM'ITY, noun [Latin informis.] Want of regular form; shapelessness.

Brown.

Informous

INFORM'OUS, adjective [French informe; Latin informis.] Of no regular form or figure; shapeless.

Brown. Wilford.

Infortunate

INFOR'TUNATE, adjective [Latin infortunatus.] Unlucky; unfortunate. [The latter is commonly used.]

Infortunately

INFOR'TUNATELY, adverb Unfortunately. [Not used.]

Infortune

INFOR'TUNE, noun Misfortune. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Infract

INFRACT', verb transitive [Latin infractus, from infringo; in and frango, to break.]

To break; to violate. [This is synonymous with infringe; it is an unnecessary word and little used.]

Infraction

INFRAC'TION, noun [French from Latin infractio. See Infract.]

The act of breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; as an infraction of a treaty, compact, agreement or law.

Watts.

Infractor

INFRACT'OR, noun One that violates an agreement, &c.

Inframundane

INFRAMUND'ANE, adjective [Latin infra, below, and mundanus, mundus, the world.] Lying or being beneath the world.

Infrangible

INFRAN'GIBLE, adjective [in and frangible.]

1. Not to be broken or separated into parts; as infrangible atoms.

Cheyne.

2. Not to be violated.

Infrequence

INFRE'QUENCE, or INFRE'QUENCY, noun [Latin infrequentia.] Uncommonness; rareness; the state of rarely occurring.

Broome.

Infrequent

INFRE'QUENT, adjective [Latin infrequens; in and frequens, frequent.]

Rare; uncommon; seldom happening or occurring to notice; unfrequent.

Infrigidate

INFRIG'IDATE, verb transitive [Latin in and frigidus, cold.] To chill; to make cold. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Infrigidation

INFRIGIDA'TION, noun The act of making cold.

Tatler.

Infringe

INFRINGE, v. t. infrinj'. [Latin infringo; in and frango, to break. See Break.]

1. To break, as contracts; to violate, either positively by contravention, or negatively by non-fulfillment or neglect of performance. A prince or a private person infringes an agreement or covenant by neglecting to perform its conditions, as well as by doing what is stipulated not to be done.

2. To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or obey; as, to infringe a law.

3. To destroy or hinder; as, to infringe efficacy. [Little used. ]

Hooker.

Infringed

INFRING'ED, participle passive Broken; violated; transgressed.

Infringement

INFRINGEMENT, n. infrinj'ment. Act of violating; breach; violation; non-fulfillment; as the infringement of a treaty, compact or other agreement; the infringement of a law or constitution.

Infringer

INFRING'ER, noun One who violates; a violator.

Infringing

INFRING'ING, participle of the present tense Breaking; violating; transgressing; failing to observe or fulfill.

Infucate

IN'FUCATE, verb transitive [Latin infuco; in and fuco, to paint.] To stain; to paint; to daub.

Infumed

INFU'MED, adjective [Latin infumatus.] Dried in smoke.

Infundibuliform

INFUNDIB'ULIFORM, adjective [Latin infundibulum, a funnel, and form.]

In botany, having the shape of a funnel, as the corol of a flower; monopetalous, having a conical border rising from a tube.

Martyn.

Infuriate

INFU'RIATE, adjective [Latin in and furiatus, from furia, fury.] Enraged; mad; raging.

Milton. Thomson.

Infuriate

INFU'RIATE, verb transitive To render furious or mad; to enrage.

Decay of Piety.

Infuscate

INFUS'CATE, verb transitive [Latin infuscatus, infusco, to make black; in and fusco, fuscus, dark.] To darken; to make black.

Infuscation

INFUSCA'TION, noun The act of darkening or blackening.

Infuse

INFU'SE, v. t. s as z. [French infuser, from Latin infusus, infundo, to pour in; in and fundo, to pour.]

1. To pour in, as a liquid.

That strong Circean liquor cease t' infuse.

Denham.

2. To instill, as principles or qualities.

Why should he desire to have qualities infused into his son, which himself never possessed?

Swift.

3. To pour in or instill, as into the mind. Infuse into young minds a noble ardor.

4. To introduce; as, to infuse Gallicisms into a composition.

5. To inspire with; as, to infuse the breast with magnanimity. [Not used.]

Shak.

6. To steep in liquor without boiling, for the purpose of extracting medicinal qualities.

One scruple of dried leaves is infused in ten ounces of warm water.

Coxe.

7. To make an infusion with an ingredient. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Infuse

INFU'SE, noun Infusion. Obs.

Spenser.

Infused

INFU'SED, participle passive Poured in; instilled; steeped.

Infuser

INFU'SER, noun One who infuses.

Infusibility

INFUSIBIL'ITY, noun [from infusible.] The capacity of being infused or poured in.

2. The incapacity of being fused or dissolved.

Infusible

INFU'SIBLE, adjective [from the verb.] That may be infused. Good principles are infusible into the minds of youth.

Infusible

INFU'SIBLE, adjective [in, not, and fusible, from fuse.]

Not fusible; incapable of fusion; that cannot be dissolved or melted.

The best crucibles are made of Limoges earth, which seems absolutely infusible.

Lavoisier.

Infusing

INFU'SING, participle of the present tense Pouring in; instilling; steeping.

Infusion

INFU'SION, n. s as z. The act of pouring in or instilling; instillation; as the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal.

2. Suggestion; whisper.

His folly and his wisdom are of his own growth, not the echo or infusion of other men.

Swift.

3. In pharmacy, the process of steeping in liquor, an operation by which the medicinal qualities of plants may be extracted by a liquor without boiling.

Encyc.

4. The liquor in which plants are steeped, and which is impregnated with their virtues or qualities.

Coxe.

Infusive

INFU'SIVE, adjective Having the power of infusion.

Thomson.

Infusory

INFU'SORY, adjective The infusory order of worms [vermes] comprehends those minute and simple animalcules which are seldom capable of being traced except by the microscope.

Good.

Ing, in Saxon, signifies a pasture or meadow, Gothic winga. [See English.]

Ingannation

INGANNA'TION, noun [Italian ingannare, to cheat.] Cheat; fraud. [Not used.]

Ingate

IN'GATE, noun [in and gate.] Entrance; passage in. Obs.

Spenser.

Ingathering

INGATH'ERING, noun [in and gathering.]

The act or business of collecting and securing the fruits of the earth; harvest; as the feast of ingathering. Exodus 23.

Ingelable

INGEL'ABLE, adjective [in and gelable.] That cannot be congealed.

Ingeminate

INGEM'INATE, adjective [Latin ingeminatus.] Redoubled.

Taylor.

Ingeminate

INGEM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin ingemino; in and gemino.] To double or repeat.

Sandys.

Ingemination

INGEMINA'TION, noun Repetition; reduplication.

Walsall.

Ingender

INGENDER. [See Engender.]

Ingenerability

INGENERABIL'ITY, noun [infra.] Incapacity of being engendered.

Ingenerable

INGEN'ERABLE, adjective [in and generate.]

That cannot be engendered or produced.

Boyle.

Ingenerate

INGEN'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin ingenero; in and genero, to generate.] To generate or produce within.

Fellows.

Ingenerate

INGEN'ERATE, adjective Generated within; inborn; innate; inbred; as ingenerate powers of body.

Wotton.

Ingenerated

INGEN'ERATED, participle passive Produced within.

Noble habits ingenerated in the soul.

Hale.

Ingenerating

INGEN'ERATING, participle of the present tense Generating or producing within.

Ingenious

INGE'NIOUS, adjective [Latin ingeniosus, from ingenium; in and genius, geno, gigno, to beget, Greek.]

1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; hence, skillful or prompt to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations of ideas; as an ingenious author; an ingenious mechanic.

The more ingenious men are, the more apt are they to trouble themselves.

Temple.

2. Proceeding from genius or ingenuity; of curious design, structure or mechanism; as an ingenious performance of any kind; an ingenious scheme or plan; an ingenious model or machine; ingenious fabric; ingenious contrivance.

3. Witty; wellformed; well adapted; as an ingenious reply.

4. Mental; intellectual. [Not used.]

Shak.

Ingeniously

INGE'NIOUSLY, adverb With ingenuity; with readiness in contrivance; with skill.

Ingeniousness

INGE'NIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being ingenious or prompt in invention; ingenuity; used of persons.

2. Curiousness of design or mechanism; used of things.

Ingenite

INGEN'ITE, adjective [Latin ingenitus; in and genitus, born.]

Innate; inborn; inbred; native; ingenerate.

South.

Ingenuity

INGENU'ITY, noun [French ingenuitÃƒ-©.] The quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in combining ideas, or in forming new combinations; ingeniousness; skill; used of persons. How many machines for saving labor has the ingenuity of men devised and constructed.

2. Curiousness in design, the effect of ingenuity; as the ingenuity of a plan or of mechanism.

3. Openness of heart; fairness; candor.

[This sense of the word was formerly common, and is found in good authors down to the age of Locke, and even later; but it is now wholly obsolete. In lieu of it, ingenuousness is used.]

Ingenuous

INGEN'UOUS, adjective [Latin ingenuus.] Open; frank; fair; candid; free from reserve, disguise, equivocation or dissimulation; used of persons or things. We speak of an ingenuous mind; an ingenuous man; an ingenuous declaration or confession.

2. Noble; generous; as an ingenuous ardor or zeal; ingenuous detestation of falsehood.

Locke.

3. Of honorable extraction; freeborn; as ingenuous blood or birth.

Ingenuously

INGEN'UOUSLY, adverb Openly; fairly; candidly; without reserve or dissimulation.

Dryden.

Ingenuousness

INGEN'UOUSNESS, noun Openness of heart; frankness; fairness; freedom from reserve or dissimulation; as, to confess our faults with ingenuousness.

2. Fairness; candidness; as the ingenuousness of a confession.

Ingeny

IN'GENY, noun Wit; ingenuity. Obs.

Bacon.

Ingest

INGEST', verb transitive [Latin ingestus, from ingero; in and gero, to bear.] To throw into the stomach. [Little used.]

Brown.

Ingestion

INGES'TION, noun The act of throwing into the stomach; as the ingestion of milk or other food.

Harvey.

Ingle

IN'GLE, noun [Qu. Latin igniculus, ignis.] Flame; blaze. [Not in use.]

Ray.

2. In Scottish, a fire, or fireplace.

Burns.

Inglorious

INGLO'RIOUS, adjective [Latin inglorius; in and gloria.]

1. Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame or celebrity; as an inglorious life of ease.

2. Shameful; disgraceful. He charged his troops with inglorious flight.

Ingloriously

INGLO'RIOUSLY, adverb With want of glory; dishonorably; with shame.

Ingot

IN'GOT, noun [French lingot. Qu. Latin lingua.] A mass or wedge of gold or silver cast in a mold; a mass of unwrought metal.

Encyc.

Ingraft

INGR'AFT, verb transitive [in and graff. The original word is ingraff or graff, but it is corrupted beyond recovery.]

1. To insert a cion of one tree or plant into another for propagation; as, to ingraft the cion of an apple-tree on a pear-tree, as its stock; to ingraft a peach on a plum.

2. To propagate by insition.

May.

3. To plant or introduce something foreign into that which is native, for the purpose of propagation.

This fellow would ingraft a foreign name

Upon our stock.

Dryden.

4. To set or fix deep and firm.

Ingrafted love he bears to Cesar.

Shak.

Ingrafted

INGR`AFTED, participle passive Inserted into a stock for growth and propagation; introduced into a native stock; set or fixed deep.

Ingrafting

INGR`AFTING, participle of the present tense Inserting, as cions in stocks; introducing and inserting on a native stock what is foreign; fixing deep.

Ingraftment

INGR`AFTMENT, noun The act of ingrafting.

2. The thing ingrafted.

Ingrain

IN'GRAIN, verb transitive [in and grain.] To dye in the grain, or before manufacture.

Ingrained

IN'GRAINED, participle passive Dyed in the grain or in the raw material; as ingrained carpets.

Ingraining

IN'GRAINING, participle of the present tense Dyeing in the raw material.

Ingrappled

INGRAP'PLED, adjective Grappled; seized on; entwined.

Drayton.

Ingrate

IN'GRATE, or INGRA'TEFUL, adjective [Latin ingratus; in and gratus; French ingrat.]

1. Ungrateful; unthankful; not having feelings of kindness for a favor received.

Milton. Pope.

2. Unpleasing to the sense.

He gives no ingrateful food.

Milton.

Ingrate

IN'GRATE, noun [French ingrat.] An ungrateful person.

Ingratefully

INGRA'TEFULLY, adverb Ungratefully.

Ingratefulness

INGRA'TEFULNESS, noun Ungratefulness.

Ingratiate

INGRA'TIATE, v. t. ingra'shate. [Italian ingrazianarsi; Latin in and gratia, favor.]

1. To commend one's self to another's good will, confidence or kindness. It is always used as a reciprocal verb, and followed by with, before the person whose favor is sought. Ministers and courtiers ingratiate themselves with their sovereign. Demagogues ingratiate themselves with the populace.

2. To recommend; to render easy; used of things.

Hammond.

Ingratiating

INGRA'TIATING, participle of the present tense Commending one's self to the favor of another.

Ingratiating

INGRA'TIATING, noun The act of commending one's self to another's favor.

Ingratitude

INGRAT'ITUDE, noun [French; in and gratitude.]

1. Want of gratitude or sentiments of kindness for favors received; insensibility to favors, and want of a disposition to repay them; unthankfulness.

Ingratitude is abhorred by God and man.

L'Estrange.

No man will own himself guilty of ingratitude.

2. Retribution of evil for good.

Nor was it with ingratitude returned.

Dryden.

Ingrave

INGRA'VE, verb transitive To bury. [Not used.]

Ingravidate

INGRAV'IDATE, verb transitive [Latin gravidus.] To impregnate.

Fuller.

Ingreat

INGREAT, verb transitive To make great. [Not in use.]

Fotherby.

Ingredient

INGRE'DIENT, noun [French from Latin ingrediens, entering into; ingredior; in and gradior. See Grade.]

That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of any compound or mixture. It is particularly applied to the simples in medicinal compositions, but admits of a very general application. We say, an ointment or a decoction is composed of certain ingredients; and Addison wondered that learning was not thought a proper ingredient in the education of a woman of quality or fortune.

Ingress

IN'GRESS, noun [Latin ingressus, ingredior, supra.]

1. Entrance; as the ingress of air into the lungs. It is particularly applied to the entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth in eclipses, the sun's entrance into a sign, &c.

2. Power of entrance; means of entering.

All ingress was prohibited.

Ingression

INGRES'SION, noun [French from Latin ingressio, ingredior.] The act of entering; entrance.

Digby.

Inguinal

IN'GUINAL, adjective [from Latin inguen, the groin.]

Pertaining to the groin; as an inguinal tumor.

Ingulf

INGULF', verb transitive [in and gulf.] To swallow up in a vast deep, gulf or whirlpool.

Milton.

2. To cast into a gulf.

Hayward.

Ingulfed

INGULF'ED, participle passive Swallowed up in a gulf or vast deep; cast into a gulf.

Ingulfing

INGULF'ING, participle of the present tense Swallowing up in a gulf, whirlpool or vast deep.

Ingurgitate

INGUR'GITATE, verb transitive [Latin ingurgito; in and gurges, a gulf.] To swallow greedily or in great quantity.

Dict.

Ingurgitate

INGUR'GITATE, verb intransitive To drink largely; to swill.

Ingurgitation

INGURGITA'TION, noun The act of swallowing greedily, or in great quantity.

Darwin.

Ingustable

INGUST'ABLE, adjective [Latin in and gusto, to taste.] That cannot be tasted. [Little used.]

Brown.

Inhabile

INHAB'ILE, adjective [French from Latin inhabilis; in and habilis, apt, fit.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; not convenient; as inhabile matter.

Encyc.

2. Unskilled; unready; unqualified; used of persons. [Little used. See Unable.]

Inhability

INHABIL'ITY, noun [from inhabile.] Unaptness; unfitness; want of skill. [Little used. See Inability.]

Inhabit

INHAB'IT, verb transitive [Latin inhabito; in and habito, to dwell.]

To live or dwell in; to occupy as a place of settled residence. Wild beasts inhabit the forest; fishes inhabit the ocean, lakes and rivers; men inhabit cities and houses.

Thus saith the high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternityÃ‚--Isaiah 57.

Inhabit

INHAB'IT, verb intransitive To dwell; to live; to abide.

They say wild beasts inhabit here.

Waller.

Inhabitable

INHAB'ITABLE, adjective [from inhabit.] Habitable; that may be inhabited; capable of affording habitation to animals. The stars may be inhabitable worlds. Some regions of the earth are not inhabitable by reason of cold or sterility. A building may be too old and decayed to be inhabitable.

2. Not habitable. [French inhabitable; Latin inhabitabilis.] [Not in use.]

Shak.

Inhabitance

INHAB'ITANCE, noun Residence of dwellers. [Little used.]

Carew.

Inhabitancy

INHAB'ITANCY, noun Residence; habitancy; permanent or legal residence in a town, city or parish; or the domiciliation which the law requires to entitle a pauper to demand support from the town, city or parish in which he lives, otherwise called a legal settlement, which subjects a town to support a person, if a pauper.

Laws of Mass. Blackstone.

Inhabitant

INHAB'ITANT, noun A dweller; one who dwells or resides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed residence, as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visitor; as the inhabitant of a house or cottage; the inhabitants of a town, city, county or state. So brute animals are inhabitants of the regions to which their natures are adapted; and we speak of spiritual beings, as inhabitants of heaven.

2. One who has a legal settlement in a town, city or parish. The conditions or qualifications which constitute a person an inhabitant of a town or parish, so as to subject the town or parish to support him, if a pauper, are defined by the statutes of different governments or states.

Inhabitation

INHABITA'TION, noun The act of inhabiting, or state of being inhabited.

Raleigh.

2. Abode; place of dwelling.

Milton.

3. Population; whole mass of inhabitants.

Brown.

[This word is little used.]

Inhabited

INHAB'ITED, participle passive Occupied by inhabitants, human or irrational.

Inhabiter

INHAB'ITER, noun One who inhabits; a dweller; an inhabitant.

Derham.

Inhabiting

INHAB'ITING, participle of the present tense Dwelling in; occupying as a settled or permanent inhabitant; residing in.

Inhabitress

INHAB'ITRESS, noun A female inhabitant.

Bp. Richardson.

Inhale

INHA'LE, verb transitive [Latin inhalo; in and halo, to breathe.]

To draw into the lungs; to inspire; as, to inhale air; opposed to exhale and expire.

Martin was walking forth to inhale the fresh breeze of the evening.

Arbuthnot and Pope.

Inhaled

INHA'LED, participle passive Drawn into the lungs.

Inhaler

INHA'LER, noun One who inhales.

2. In medicine, a machine for breathing or drawing warm steam into the lungs, as a remedy for coughs and catarrhal complaints.

Encyc.

Inhaling

INHA'LING, participle of the present tense Drawing into the lungs; breathing.

Inharmonic

INHARMON'IC, or INHARMON'ICAL, adjective Unharmonious; discordant.

Inharmonious

INHARMO'NIOUS, adjective [in and harmonious.]

Not harmonious; unmusical; discordant.

Broome.

Inharmoniously

INHARMO'NIOUSLY, adverb Without harmony; discordantly.

Inhere

INHE'RE, verb intransitive [Latin inhoereo; in and hoereo, to hang.]

To exist or be fixed in something else; as, colors inhere in cloth; a dart inheres in the flesh.

Inherence

INHE'RENCE, noun Existence in something; a fixed state of being in another body or substance.

Inherent

INHE'RENT, adjective Existing in something else, so as to be inseparable from it.

Inherent baseness.

Shak.

2. Innate; naturally pertaining to; as the inherent qualities of the magnet; the inherent right of men to life, liberty and protection.

Inherently

INHE'RENTLY, adverb By inherence.

Bentley.

Inhering

INHE'RING, participle of the present tense Existing or fixed in something else.

Inherit

INHER'IT, verb transitive [Spanish heredar; Portugese herdar; Italian eredare; French heriter; from Latin hoeres, an heir. See Heir.]

1. To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by succession, as the representative of the former possessor; to receive, as a right or title descendible by law from an ancestor at his decease. The heir inherits the lands or real estate of his father; the eldest son of the nobleman inherits his father's title, and the eldest son of a king inherits the crown.

2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. The son inherits the virtues of his father; the daughter inherits the temper of her mother, and children often inherit the constitutional infirmities of their parents.

3. To possess; to enjoy; to take as a possession, by gift or divine appropriation; as, to inherit everlasting life; to inherit the promises.

Ã‚--That thou mayest live, and inherit the land which Jehovah thy God giveth thee. Deuteronomy 16.

The meek shall inherit the earth. Matthew 5.

Inherit

INHER'IT, verb intransitive To take or have possession or property.

Ã‚--Thou shall not inherit in our father's house. Judges 11.

Inheritable

INHER'ITABLE, adjective That may be inherited; transmissible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir by course of law; as an inheritable estate or title.

2. That may be transmitted from the parent to the child; as inheritable qualities or infirmities.

3. Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent.

By attainderÃ‚--the blood of the person attainted is so corrupted as to be rendered no longer inheritable.

Blackstone.

Inheritably

INHER'ITABLY, adverb By inheritance.

Sherwood.

Inheritance

INHER'ITANCE, noun An estate derived from an ancestor to an heir by succession or in course of law; or an estate which the law casts on a child or other person, as the representative of the deceased ancestor.

2. The reception of an estate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an estate or title is cast on the heir; as, the heir received the estate by inheritance.

3. The estate or possession which may descend to an heir, though it has not descended.

And Rachel and Leah answered and said, is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? Genesis 31.

4. An estate given or possessed by donation or divine appropriation. Numbers 26.

5. That which is possessed or enjoyed.

Ask of me, and I will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Psalm 2.

Inherited

INHER'ITED, participle passive Received by descent from an ancestor; possessed.

Inheriting

INHER'ITING, participle of the present tense Taking by succession or right of representation; receiving from ancestors; possessing.

Inheritor

INHER'ITOR, noun An heir; one who inherits or may inherit.

Inheritress

INHER'ITRESS, or INHER'ITRIX, noun An heiress; a female who inherits or is entitled to inherit, after the death of her ancestor.

Inherse

INHERSE, v. t. inhers'. [in and herse.] To inclose in a funeral monument.

Shak.

Inhesion

INHE'SION, n. s as z. [Latin inhoesio, inhoereo.] Inherence; the state of existing or being fixed in something.

Inhiation

INHIA'TION, noun [Latin inhiatio.] A gaping after; eager desire. [Not used.]

Inhibit

INHIB'IT, verb transitive [French inhiber; Latin inhibeo; in and habeo, to hold, properly to rush or drive.]

1. To restrain; to hinder; to check or repress.

Their motions also are excited or inhibitedÃ‚--by the objects without them.

Bentley.

2. To forbid; to prohibit; to interdict.

All men were inhibited by proclamation at the dissolution so much as to mention a parliament.

Clarendon.

Inhibited

INHIB'ITED, participle passive Restrained; forbid.

Inhibiting

INHIB'ITING, participle of the present tense Restraining; repressing; prohibiting.

Inhibition

INHIBI'TION, noun [French from Latin inhibitio.]

1. Prohibition; restraint; embargo.

2. In law, a writ to forbid or inhibit a judge from farther proceedings in a cause depending before him; commonly, a writ issuing from a higher ecclesiastical court to an inferior one, on appeal.

Cowel.

Inhold

INHOLD, verb transitive pret. and pp. inheld. [in and hold.]

To have inherent; to contain in itself. [Little used.]

Raleigh.

Inholder

INHOLDER, noun An inhabitant. Obs.

Spenser.

Inhoop

INHOOP', verb transitive [in and hoop.] To confine or inclose in any place.

Shak.

Inhospitable

INHOS'PITABLE, adjective [in and hospitable.]

1. Not hospitable; not disposed to entertain strangers gratuitously; declining to entertain guests, or entertaining them with reluctance; as an inhospitable person or people.

2. Affording no conveniences, subsistence or shelter to strangers; as inhospitable deserts or rocks.

Milton. Dryden.

Inhospitably

INHOS'PITABLY, adverb Unkindly to strangers.

Milton.

Inhospitableness

INHOS'PITABLENESS, or INHOSPITAL'ITY, noun Want of hospitality or kindness to strangers; refusal or unwillingness to entertain guests or strangers without reward.

Chesterfield.

Inhuman

INHU'MAN, adjective [French inhumain; Latin inhumanus; in and humanus, humane.]

1. Destitute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a human being; cruel; barbarous; savage; unfeeling; as an inhuman person or people.

2. Marked with cruelty; as an inhuman act.

Inhumanity

INHUMAN'ITY, noun [French inhumanitÃƒ-©.] Cruelty in disposition; savageness of heart; used of persons.

2. Cruelty in act; barbarity; used of actions.

Inhumanly

INHU'MANLY, adverb With cruelty; barbarously.

Swift.

Inhumate

INHU'MATE, or INHU'ME, verb transitive [French inhumer; Latin inhumo, humo, to bury.]

1. To bury; to inter; to deposit in the earth, as a dead body.

2. To digest in a vessel surrounded with warm earth.

Encyc.

Inhumation

INHUMA'TION, noun The act of burying; interment.

2. In chimistry, a method of digesting substances by burying the vessel containing them in warm earth, or a like substance.

Encyc.

Inhumed

INHU'MED, participle passive Buried; interred.

Inhuming

INHU'MING, participle of the present tense Burying; interring.

Inimaginable

INIMAG'INABLE, adjective Unimaginable; inconceivable.

Pearson.

Inimical

INIM'ICAL, adjective [Latin inimicus; in and amicus, a friend.]

1. Unfriendly; having the disposition or temper of an enemy; applied to private enmity, as hostile is to public.

2. Adverse; hurtful; repugnant.

Ã‚--Savage violences inimical to commerce.

Ward.

Inimitability

INIMITABIL'ITY, noun [from inimitable.]

The quality of being incapable of imitation.

Norris.

Inimitable

INIM'ITABLE, adjective [French from Latin inimitabilis; in and imitabilis, from imitor, to imitate.]

That cannot be imitated or copied; surpassing imitation; as inimitable beauty or excellence; an inimitable description; inimitable eloquence.

Inimitably

INIM'ITABLY, adverb In a manner not to be imitated; to a degree beyond imitation.

Charms such as thine, inimitably great.

Broome.

Iniquitous

INIQ'UITOUS, adjective [See Iniquity.] Unjust; wicked; as an iniquitous bargain; an iniquitous proceeding. [It is applied to things rather than to persons, but may be applied to persons.]

Iniquity

INIQ'UITY, noun [French iniquitÃƒ-©; Latin iniquitas; in and oequitas, equity.]

1. Injustice; unrighteousness; a deviation from rectitude; as the iniquity of war; the iniquity of the slave trade.

2. Want of rectitude in principle; as a malicious prosecution originating in the iniquity of the author.

3. A particular deviation from rectitude; a sin or crime; wickedness; any act of injustice.

Your iniquities have separated between you and your God. Isaiah 59.

4. Original want of holiness or depravity.

I was shapen in iniquity. Psalm 51.

Iniquous

INIQ'UOUS, adjective Unjust. [Not used.]

Inirritability

INIRRITABIL'ITY, noun [in and irritability.]

The quality of being inirritable, or not susceptible of contraction by excitement.

Darwin.

Inirritable

INIR'RITABLE, adjective [in and irritable.] Not irritable; not susceptible of irritation, or contraction by excitement.

Darwin.

Inirritative

INIR'RITATIVE, adjective Not accompanied with excitement; as an inirritative fever.

Darwin.

Inisle

INISLE, v. t. ini'le. [in and isle.] To surround; to encircle. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Initial

INI'TIAL, adjective [French from Latin initialis, initium, beginning.]

1. Beginning; placed at the beginning; as the initial letters of a name.

2. Beginning; incipient; as the initial symptoms of a disease.

Initial

INI'TIAL, noun The first letter of a name.

Initially

INI'TIALLY, adverb In an incipient degree.

Barrow.

Initiate

INI'TIATE, verb transitive [Low Latin initio, to enter or begin, from initum, ineo, to enter; in and eo, to go.]

1. To instruct in rudiments or principles; or to introduce into any society or sect by instructing the candidate in its principles or ceremonies; as, to initiate a person into the mysteries of Ceres.

2. To introduce into a new state or society; as, to initiate one into a club.

Addison.

3. To instruct; to acquaint with; as, to initiate one in the higher branches of mathematics.

4. To begin upon.

Clarendon.

Initiate

INI'TIATE, verb intransitive To do the first act; to perform the first rite.

Pope.

Initiate

INI'TIATE, adjective Unpracticed.

Shak.

2. Begun; commenced. A tenant by the curtesy initiate, becomes so by the birth of a child, but his estate is not consummate till the death of the wife.

Blackstone.

Initiate

INI'TIATE, noun One who is initiated.

J. Barlow.

Initiated

INI'TIATED, participle passive Instructed in the first principles; entered.

Initiating

INI'TIATING, participle of the present tense Introducing by instruction, or by appropriate ceremonies.

J.M. Mason.

Initiation

INITIA'TION, noun [Latin initiatio.] The act or process of introducing one into a new society, by instructing him in its principles, rules or ceremonies; as, to initiate a person into a christian community.

2. The act or process of making one acquainted with principles before unknown.

3. Admission by application of ceremonies or use of symbols; as, to initiate one into the visible church by baptism.

Hammond.

Initiatory

INI'TIATORY, adjective Initiating or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies.

Two initiatory rites of the same general import cannot exist together.

J.M. Mason.

Initiatory

INI'TIATORY, noun [supra.] Introductory rite.

Latin Addison.

Inject

INJECT', verb transitive [Latin injectus, injicio; in and jacio, to throw.]

1. To throw in; to dart in; as, to inject any thing into the mouth or stomach.

2. To cast or throw on.

Ã‚--And mound inject on mound.

Pope.

Injected

INJECT'ED, participle passive Thrown in or on.

Injecting

INJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing in or on.

Injection

INJECT'ION, noun [French from Latin injectio.] The act of throwing in, particularly that of throwing a liquid medicine into the body by a syringe or pipe.

2. A liquid medicine thrown into the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster.

3. In anatomy, the act of filling the vessels of an animal body with some colored substance, in order to render visible their figures and ramifications.

Encyc.

Injoin

INJOIN. [See Enjoin.]

Injucundity

INJUCUND'ITY, noun [Latin injucunditas.] Unpleasantness; disagreeableness. [Little used.]

Injudicable

INJU'DICABLE, adjective Not cognizablÃƒ-¨ by a judge. [Little used.]

Injudicial

INJUDI'CIAL, adjective Not according to the forms of law.

Dict.

Injudicious

INJUDI'CIOUS, adjective [in and judicious.] Not judicious; void of judgment; acting without judgment; unwise; as an injudicious person.

2. Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; as an injudicious measure.

Injudiciously

INJUDI'CIOUSLY, adverb Without judgment; unwisely.

Injudiciousness

INJUDI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being injudicious or unwise.

Whitlock.

Injunction

INJUNC'TION, noun [Latin injunctio, from injungo, to enjoin; in and jungo, to join.]

1. A command; order; percept; the direction of a superior vested with authority.

For still they knew, and ought t' have still remembered

The high injunction, not to taste that fruit.

Milton.

2. Urgent advice or exhortation of persons not vested with absolute authority to command.

3. In law, a writ or order of the court of chancery, directed to an inferior court, or to parties and their counsel, directing them to stay proceedings, or to do some act, as to put the plaintiff in possession for want of the defendant's appearance, to stay waste or other injury, &c. When the reason for granting an injunction ceases, the injunction is dissolved.

Blackstone.

Injure

IN'JURE, verb transitive [French injure, injurier; Latin injuria, injury; Spanish injuriar; Italian ingiuriare. See Injury.]

1. To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health.

2. To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate.

3. To slander, tarnish or impair, as reputation or character.

4. To impair or diminish; to annoy; as happiness.

5. To give pain to; to grieve; as sensibility or feelings.

6. To impair, as the intellect or mind.

7. To hurt or weaken; as, to injure a good cause.

8. To impair; to violate; as, to injure rights.

9. To make worse; as, great rains injure the roads.

10. In general, to wrong the person, to damage the property, or to lessen the happiness of ourselves or others. A man injures his person by wounds, his estate by negligence or extravagance, and his happiness by vices. He injures his neighbor by violence to his person, by fraud, by calumny, and by non-fulfillment of his contracts.

Injured

IN'JURED, participle passive Hurt; wounded; damaged; impaired; weakened; made worse.

Injurer

IN'JURER, noun One who injures or wrongs.

Injuring

IN'JURING, participle of the present tense Hurting; damaging; impairing; weakening; rendering worse.

Injurious

INJU'RIOUS, adjective [Latin injurius; French injurieux.]

1. Wrongful; unjust; hurtful to the rights of another. That which impairs rights or prevents the enjoyment of them, is injurious.

2. Hurtful to the person or health. Violence is injurious to the person, as intemperance is to the health.

3. Affecting with damage or loss. Indolence is injurious to property.

4. Mischievous; hurtful; as the injurious consequences of sin or folly.

5. Lessening or tarnishing reputation. The very suspicion of cowardice is injurious to a soldier's character.

6. Detractory; contumelious; hurting reputation; as, obscure hints as well as open detraction, are sometimes injurious to reputation.

7. In general, whatever gives pain to the body or mind, whatever impairs or destroys property or rights, whatever tarnishes reputation, whatever disturbs happiness, whatever retards prosperity or defeats the success of a good cause, is deemed injurious.

Injuriously

INJU'RIOUSLY, adverb Wrongfully; hurtfully; with injustice; mischievously.

Injuriousness

INJU'RIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being injurious or hurtful; injury.

Injury

IN'JURY, noun [Latin injuria; in and jus, juris, right; French injure; Italian ingiuria; Spanish injuria.]

1. In general, any wrong or damage done to a man's person, rights, reputation or goods. That which impairs the soundness of the body or health, or gives pain, is an injury. That which impairs the mental faculties, is an injury. These injuries may be received by a fall or by other violence. Trespass, fraud, and nonfulfillment of covenants and contracts are injuries to rights. Slander is an injury to reputation, and so is cowardice and vice. Whatever impairs the quality or diminishes the value of goods or property, is an injury. We may receive injury by misfortune as well as by injustice.

2. Mischief; detriment.

Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments.

Watts.

3. Any diminution of that which is good, valuable or advantageous.

Injustice

INJUS'TICE, noun [French from Latin injustitia; in and justitia, justice.]

1. Iniquity; wrong; any violation of another's rights, as fraud in contracts, or the withholding of what is due. It has a particular reference to an unequal distribution of rights, property or privileges among persons who have equal claims.

2. The withholding from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerited blame.

Ink

INK, noun [Dutch inkt; French encre.] A black liquor or substance used for writing, generally made of an infusion of galls, copperas and gum-arabic.

2. Any liquor used for writing or forming letters, as red ink, &c.

3. A pigment.

Printing ink is made by boiling lintseed oil, and burning it about a minute, and mixing it with lampblack, with an addition of soap and rosin.

Ink for the rolling press, is made with lintseed oil burnt as above, and mixed with Frank-fort black.

Indian ink, from China, is composed of lampblack, and size or animal glue.

Nicholson.

Sympathetic ink, a liquor used in writing, which exhibits no color or appearance till some other means are used, such as holding it to the fire, or rubbing something over it.

Encyc.

Ink

INK, verb transitive To black or daub with ink.

Inkhorn

INK'HORN, noun [ink and horn; horns being formerly used for holding ink.]

1. A small vessel used to hold ink on a writing table or desk, or for carrying it about the person. Inkhorns are made of horn, glass or stone.

2. A portable case for the instruments of writing.

Johnson.

Inkiness

INK'INESS, noun [from inky.] The state or quality of being inky.

Inkle

INK'LE, noun A kind of narrow fillet; tape.

Shak.

Inkling

INK'LING, noun A hint or whisper; an intimation. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Inkmaker

INK'MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make ink.

Inknot

INKNOT, v. t. innot'. [in and knot.] To bind as with a knot.

Inkstand

INK'STAND, noun A vessel for holding ink and other writing utensils.

Ink-Stone

INK'-STONE, noun A kind of small round stone of a white, red, gray, yellow or black color, containing a quantity of native vitriol or sulphate of iron; used in making ink.

Encyc.

Inky

INK'Y, adjective Consisting of ink; resembling ink; black.

2. Tarnished or blackened with ink.

Inlace

INLA'CE, verb transitive [in and lace.] To embellish with variegations.

Fletcher.

Inlaid

INLA'ID, participle passive of inlay, which see.

Inland

IN'LAND, adjective [in and land.] Interior; remote from the sea. Worcester in Massachusetts, and Lancaster in Pennsylvania, are large inland towns.

2. Within land; remote from the ocean; as an inland lake or sea.

Spenser.

3. Carried on within a country; domestic, not foreign; as inland trade or transportation; inland trade or transportation; inland navigation.

4. Confined to a country; drawn and payable in the same country; as an inland bill of exchange, distinguished from a foreign bill, which is drawn in one country on a person living in another.

Inland

IN'LAND, noun The interior part of a country.

Shak. Milton.

Inlander

IN'LANDER, noun One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance from the sea.

Brown.

Inlandish

INLAND'ISH, adjective Denoting something inland; native.

Inlapidate

INLAP'IDATE, verb transitive [in and lapido, lapis, a stone.]

To convert into a stony substance; to petrify. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Inlay

INLA'Y, verb transitive pret. and pp. inlaid. [in and lay.]

To veneer; to diversify cabinet or other work by laying in and fastening with glue, thin slices or leaves of fine wood, on a ground of common wood. This is used in making compartments.

Encyc.

Inlay

IN'LAY, noun Matter or pieces of wood inlaid, or prepared for inlaying.

Milton.

Inlayer

INLA'YER, noun The person who inlays or whose occupation it is to inlay.

Inlaying

INLA'YING, participle of the present tense The operation of diversifying or ornamenting work with thin pieces of wood, set in a ground of other wood.

Inlaw

INLAW', verb transitive To clear of outlawry or attainder.

Bacon.

Inlet

IN'LET, noun [in and let.] A passage or opening by which an inclosed place may be entered; place of ingress; entrance. Thus, a window is an inlet for light into a house; the senses are the inlets of ideas or perceptions into the mind.

2. A bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large river, or between isles.

In limine, [Latin] at the threshold; at the beginning or outset.

Inlist

INLIST', verb intransitive [in and list.] To enter into military service by signing articles and receiving a sum of money. [See List.]

Inlist

INLIST', verb transitive To engage or procure to enter into military service. [See Enlist, a common spelling, but inlist is preferable.]

Inlisted

INLIST'ED, participle passive Engaged in military service, as a soldier.

Inlisting

INLIST'ING, participle of the present tense Entering or engaging in military service.

Inlistment

INLIST'MENT, noun The act of inlisting.

These inlistments were for one year only.

Marshall.

2. The writing containing the terms of military service, and a list of names of those who enter into the service.

Inlock

INLOCK', verb transitive To lock or inclose one thing within another.

Inly

IN'LY, adjective [in and like.] Internal; interior; secret.

Shak.

Inly

IN'LY, adverb Internally; within; in the heart; secretly; as, to be inly pleased or grieved.

Milton. Spenser.

Inmate

IN'MATE, noun [in or inn, and mate.] A person who lodges or dwells in the same house with another, occupying different rooms, but using the same door for passing in and out of the house.

Cowel.

2. A lodger; one who lives with a family, but is not otherwise connected with it than as a lodger.

Inmate

IN'MATE, adjective Admitted as a dweller.

Milton.

Inmost

IN'MOST, adjective [in and most.] Deepest within; remotest from the surface or external part.

The silent, slow, consuming fires

Which on my inmost vitals prey.

Addison.

I got into the inmost court.

Gulliver.

Inn

INN, noun [Saxon inn, probably from the Hebrew and Chaldee to dwell or to pitch a tent, whence Chaldee an inn. Class Gn. No. 19.]

1. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers. In America, it is often a tavern, where liquors are furnished for travelers and others.

There was no room for them in the inn. Luke 2.

2. In England, a college of municipal or common law professors and students; formerly, the town-house of a nobleman, bishop or other distinguished personage, in which he resided when he attended the court.

Inns of court, colleges in which students of law reside and are instructed. The principal are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn.

Inns of chancery, colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies. These are now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, &c.

Encyc.

Innholder

INN'HOLDER, noun [inn and hold.] A person who keeps an inn or house for the entertainment of travelers; also, a taverner.

2. An inhabitant. Obs.

Spenser.

Innkeeper

INN'KEEPER, noun [inn and keep.] An inn-holder. In America, the innkeeper is often a tavern keeper or taverner, as well as an innkeeper, the inn for furnishing lodgings and provisions being usually united with the tavern for the sale of liquors.

Inn

INN, verb intransitive To take up lodging; to lodge.

Donne.

Inn

INN, verb transitive To house; to put cover.

Bacon.

Innate

IN'NATE, adjective [Latin innatus, from innascor; in and nascor, to be born.]

Inborn; native; natural. Innate ideas are such as are supposed to be stamped on the mind, at the moment when existence begins. Mr. Locke has taken great pains to prove that no such ideas exist.

Encyc.

Innated

INNATED, for innate, is not used.

Innately

IN'NATELY, adverb Naturally.

Innateness

IN'NATENESS, noun The quality of being innate.

Innavigable

INNAV'IGABLE, adjective [Latin innavigabilis; in and navigabilis. See Navigate.]

That cannot be navigated; impassable by ships or vessels.

Dryden.

Inner

IN'NER, adjective [from in.] Interior; father inward than something else; as an inner chamber; the inner court of a temple or palace.

2. Interior; internal; not outward; as the inner man. Ephesians 3.

Innerly

IN'NERLY, adverb More within.

Barret.

Innermost

IN'NERMOST, adjective Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part. Proverbs 18.

Innerve

INNERVE, v. t. innerv'. [in and nerve.] To give nerve to; to invigorate; to strengthen.

Dwight.

Inning

IN'NING, noun The ingathering of grain.

2. A term in cricket, a turn for using the bat.

Innings

INN'INGS, noun Lands recovered from the sea.

Ainsworth.

Innocence

IN'NOCENCE, or IN'NOCENCY, noun [French from Latin innocentia; in and noceo, to hurt.]

1. Properly, freedom from any quality that can injure; innoxiousness; harmlessness; as the innocence of a medicine which can do no harm. In this sense, the noun is not obsolete, though less used than the adjective.

2. In a moral sense, freedom from crime, sin or guilt; untainted purity of heart and life; unimpaired integrity.

Enjoyment left nothing to askÃ‚--innocence left nothing to fear.

Johnson.

3. Freedom from guilt or evil intentions; simplicity of heart; as the innocence of a child.

4. Freedom from the guilt of a particular sin or crime. This is the sense in which the word is most generally used, for perfect innocence cannot be predicated of man. A man charged with theft or murder may prove his innocence.

5. The state of being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not being contraband; as the innocence of a cargo, or of any merchandize.

Kent.

Innocent

IN'NOCENT, adjective [French from Latin innocens.]

1. Properly, not noxious; not producing injury; free from qualities that can injure; harmless; innoxious; as an innocent medicine or remedy.

2. Free from guilt; not having done wrong or violated any law; not tainted with sin; pure; upright. In this general sense, no human being that is a moral agent, can be innocent. It is followed by of.

3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or evil action; as, a man is innocent of the crime charged in the indictment.

4. Lawful; permitted; as an innocent trade.

5. Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; as innocent goods carried to a belligerent nation.

Kent.

Innocent

IN'NOCENT, noun One free from guilt or harm.

Shak.

2. A natural; an idiot. [Unusual.]

Hooker.

Innocently

IN'NOCENTLY, adverb Without harm; without incurring guilt.

2. With simplicity; without evil design.

3. Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty; as goods innocently imported.

Innocuous

INNOC'UOUS, adjective [Latin innocuus; in and noceo, to hurt.]

Harmless; safe; producing no ill effect; innocent. Certain poisons used as medicines in small quantities, prove not only innocuous, but beneficial. It applied only to things; not to persons.

Innocuously

INNOC'UOUSLY, adverb Without harm; without injurious effects.

Innocuousness

INNOC'UOUSNESS, noun Harmlessness; the quality of being destitute of mischievous qualities or effects.

Digby.

Innominable

INNOM'INABLE, adjective Not to be named.

Chaucer.

Innominate

INNOM'INATE, adjective Having no name; anonymous.

Ray.

Innovate

IN'NOVATE, verb transitive [French innover; Latin innovo; in and novo, to make new, novus, new.]

1. To change or alter by introducing something new.

From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds to innovate God's worship.

South.

2. To bring in something new.

Bacon.

Innovate

IN'NOVATE, verb intransitive To introduce novelties; to make changes in any thing established; with on. It is often dangerous to innovate on the customs of a nation.

Innovated

IN'NOVATED, participle passive Changed by the introduction of something new.

Innovating

IN'NOVATING, participle of the present tense Introducing novelties.

Innovation

INNOVA'TION, noun [from innovate.] Change made by the introduction of something new; change in established laws, customs, rites or practices. Innovation is expedient, when it remedies an evil, and safe, when men are prepared to receive it. Innovation is often used in an ill sense, for a change that disturbs settled opinions and practices without an equivalent advantage.

Innovator

IN'NOVATOR, noun An introducer of changes.

Time is the greatest innovator.

Bacon.

2. One who introduces novelties, or who makes changes by introducing something new.

South.

Innoxious

INNOX'IOUS, adjective [Latin innoxius; in and noxius, noceo, to hurt.]

1. Free from mischievous qualities; innocent; harmless; as an innoxious drug.

2. Not producing evil; harmless in effects.

Innoxious flames are often seen on the hair of men's heads, and on horses' manes.

Digby.

3. Free from crime; pure; innocent.

Pope.

Innoxiously

INNOX'IOUSLY, adverb Harmlessly; without mischief.

2. Without harm suffered.

Brown.

Innoxiousness

INNOX'IOUSNESS, noun Harmlessness.

The innoxiousness of the small pox.

Tooke.

Innuendo

INNUEND'O, noun [Latin from innuo, to nod; in and nuo.]

1. An oblique hint; a remote intimation or reference to a person or thing not named.

MercuryÃ‚--owns it a marriage by innuendo.

Dryden.

2. In law, a word used to point out the precise person.

Innuent

IN'NUENT, adjective [Latin innuens.] Significant.

Burton.

Innumerability

INNUMERABIL'ITY, or INNU'MERABLENESS, noun State of being innumerable.

Fotherby. Sherwood.

Innumerable

INNU'MERABLE, adjective [Latin innumerabilis. See Number.]

1. Not to be counted; that cannot be enumerated or numbered for multitude.

2. In a loose sense, very numerous.

Innumerably

INNU'MERABLY, adverb Without number.

Innumerous

INNU'MEROUS, adjective [Latin innumerus; in and numerus, number.]

Too many to be counted or numbered; innumerable.

Milton. Pope.

Innutrition

INNUTRI'TION, noun [in and nutrition.] Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment.

Darwin.

Innutritious

INNUTRI'TIOUS, adjective [in and nutritious.] Not nutritious; not supplying nourishment; not nourishing.

Darwin.

Inobedience

INOBE'DIENCE, noun Disobedience; neglect of obedience.

Bp. Bedell.

Inobedient

INOBE'DIENT, adjective Not yielding obedience; neglecting to obey.

Inobservable

INOBSERV'ABLE, adjective [in and observable.] That cannot be seen, perceived or observed.

Inobservance

INOBSERV'ANCE, noun Want of observance; neglect of observing; disobedience.

Bacon.

Inobservant

INOBSERV'ANT, adjective [in and observant.] Not taking notice.

Beddoes.

Inobservation

INOBSERVA'TION, noun Neglect or want of observation.

Shuckford.

Inoculate

INOC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin inoculo; in and oculus, the eye.]

1. To bud; to insert the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant, for the purpose of growth on the new stock. All sorts of stone fruit, apples, pears, &c. may be inoculated. We inoculate the stock with a foreign bud.

2. To communicate a disease to a person by inserting infectious matter in his skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person with the matter of small pox or cow pox. When the latter disease is communicated, it is called vaccination.

Inoculate

INOC'ULATE, verb intransitive To propagate by budding; to practice inoculation. The time to inoculate is when the buds are formed at the extremities of the same year's shoot, indicating that the spring growth for that season is complete.

Inoculated

INOC'ULATED, participle passive Budded; as an inoculated stock.

2. Inserted in another stock, as a bud.

3. Infected by inoculation with a particular disease.

Inoculating

INOC'ULATING, participle of the present tense Budding; propagating by inserting a bud on another stock.

2. Infecting by inoculation.

Inoculation

INOCULA'TION, noun [Latin inoculatio.] The act or practice of inserting buds of one plant under the bark of another for propagation.

2. The act or practice of communicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting contagious matter in his skin or flesh. This practice is limited chiefly to the communication of the small pox, and of the cow pox, which is intended as a substitute for it. [See Vaccination.]

Inoculator

INOC'ULATOR, noun A person who inoculates; one who propagates plants or diseases by inoculation.

Inodiate

INO'DIATE, verb transitive [Latin in and odium.] To make hateful. [Not in use.]

South.

Inodorate

INO'DORATE, adjective [Latin in and odoratus.] Having no scent or odor.

Bacon.

Inodorous

INO'DOROUS, adjective [Latin inodorus; in and odor.] Wanting scent; having no smell.

The white of an egg is an inodorous liquor.

Arbuthnot.

Inoffensive

INOFFENS'IVE, adjective [in and offensive.]

1. Giving no offense or provocation; as an inoffensive man; an inoffensive answer.

2. Giving no uneasiness or disturbance; as an inoffensive appearance or sight.

3. Harmless; doing no injury or mischief.

Thy inoffensive satires never bite.

Dryden.

4. Not obstructing; presenting no hinderance.

Ã‚--From hence a passage broad,

Smooth, easy, inoffensive, down to hell. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Inoffensively

INOFFENS'IVELY, adverb Without giving offense; without harm; in a manner not to offend.

Inoffensiveness

INOFFENS'IVENESS, noun Harmlessness; the quality of being not offensive either to the senses or to the mind.

Inofficial

INOFFI'CIAL, adjective [in and official.] Not official; not proceeding from the proper officer; not clothed with the usual forms of authority, or not done in an official character; as an inofficial communication; inofficial intelligence.

Pinckney and Marshall would not make inofficial visits to discuss official business.

Pickering.

Inofficially

INOFFI'CIALLY, adverb Without the usual forms, or not in the official character.

Inofficious

INOFFI'CIOUS, adjective [in and officious.]

1. Unkind; regardless of natural obligation; contrary to natural duty.

Ã‚--Suggesting that the parent had lost the use of his reason, when he made the inofficious testament.

Blackstone.

Let not a father hope to excuse an inofficious disposition of his fortune, by alledging that every man may do what he will with his own.

Paley.

2. Unfit for an office.

Thou drown'st thyself in inofficious sleep.

B. Jonson.

3. Not civil or attentive.

B. Jonson.

Inoperation

INOPERA'TION, noun Agency; influence; production of effects. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Inoperative

INOP'ERATIVE, adjective [in and operative.] Not operative; not active; having no operation; producing no effect; as laws rendered inoperative by neglect; inoperative remedies.

Inopportune

INOPPORTU'NE, adjective [Latin inopportunus. See Opportune.]

Not opportune; inconvenient; unseasonable in time.

Inopportunely

INOPPORTU'NELY, adverb Unseasonably; at an inconvenient time.

Inoppressive

INOPPRESS'IVE, adjective [in and oppressive.] Not oppressive; not burdensome.

O. Wolcott.

Inopulent

INOP'ULENT, adjective [in and opulent.] Not opulent; not wealthy; not affluent or rich.

Inordinacy

INOR'DINACY, noun [from inordinate.] Deviation from order or rule prescribed; irregularity; disorder; excess, or want of moderation; as the inordinacy of desire or other passion.

Bp. Taylor.

Inordinate

INOR'DINATE, adjective [Latin inordinatus; in and ordo, order.]

Irregular; disorderly; excessive; immoderate; not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; as an inordinate love of the world; inordinate desire of fame.

Inordinately

INOR'DINATELY, adverb Irregularly; excessively; immoderately.

Skelton.

Inordinateness

INOR'DINATENESS, noun Deviation from order; excess; want of moderation; inordinacy; intemperance in desire or other passion.

Bp. Hall.

Inordination

INORDINA'TION, noun Irregularity; deviation from rule or right.

South.

Inorganic

INORGAN'IC, or INORGAN'ICAL, adjective [in and organic.] Devoid of organs; not formed with the organs or instruments of life; as the inorganic matter that forms the earth's surface.

Kirwan.

Inorganic bodies, are such as have no organs, as minerals.

Inorganically

INORGAN'ICALLY, adverb Without organs.

Inorganized

INOR'GANIZED, adjective Not having organic structure; void of organs; as earths, metals and other minerals.

Inosculate

INOS'CULATE, verb intransitive [L in and osculatus, from osculor, to kiss.]

In anatomy, to unite by apposition or contact; to unite, as two vessels at their extremities; as, one vein or artery inosculates with another; a vein inosculates with an artery.

Inosculate

INOS'CULATE, verb transitive To unite, as two vessels in an animal body.

Inosculating

INOS'CULATING, participle of the present tense Uniting, as the extremities of two vessels.

Inosculation

INOSCULA'TION, noun The union of two vessels of an animal body at their extremities, by means of which a communication is maintained, and the circulation of fluids is carried on; anastomosy.

Ray.

Inquest

IN'QUEST, noun [French enquÃƒ-ªte; Latin inquisitio, inquiro; in and quoero, to seek.]

1. Inquisition; judicial inquiry; official examination. An inquest of office, is an inquiry made by the king's officer, his sheriff, coroner, or escheator, concerning any matter that entitles the king to the possession of lands or tenements, goods or chattels. It is made by a jury of no dedeterminate number.

Blackstone.

In the United States, a similar inquiry, made by the proper officer, under the authority of a state.

2. A jury.

3. Inquiry; search.

South.

Inquiet

INQUI'ET, verb transitive To disturb; to trouble. [Not used.]

Inquietation

INQUIETA'TION, noun Disturbance. [Not used.]

Inquietude

INQUI'ETUDE, noun [French from Latin inquietudo; in and quies, rest.]

Disturbed state; want of quiet; restlessness; uneasiness, either of body or mind; disquietude.

Pope.

Inquinate

IN'QUINATE, verb transitive [Latin inquino, to defile; in and Greek, from, common.]

To defile; to pollute; to contaminate. [Little used.]

Brown.

Inquination

INQUINA'TION, noun The act of defiling, or state of being defiled; pollution; corruption. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Inquirable

INQUI'RABLE, adjective [from inquire.] That may be inquired into; subject to inquisition or inquest.

Bacon.

Inquire

INQUI'RE, verb intransitive [French enquerir; Spanish inquirir; Latin inquiro; in and quoero, to seek; Malayan, charee, to seek. See Acquire.]

1. To ask a question; to seek for truth or information by asking questions.

We will call the damsel and inquire at her mouth. Genesis 24.

It has of before the person asked. Enquire of them, or of him. It has of, concerning, or after, before the subject of inquiry.

He sent Hadoram, his son, to king David to inquire of his welfare. 1 Chronicles 18.

For thou dost not inquire wisely concerning this. Ecclesiastes 7.

When search is to be made for particular knowledge or information, it is followed by into. The coroner by jury inquires into the cause of the sudden death. When a place or person is sought, or something hid or missing, for is commonly used. Inquire for one Saul of Tarsus. He was inquiring for the house to which he was directed. Inquire for the cloke that is lost. Inquire for the right road. Sometimes it is followed by after. Inquire after the right way.

When some general information is sought, this verb is followed by about; sometimes by concerning. His friends inquired about him; they inquired concerning his welfare.

2. To seek for truth by argument or the discussion of questions, or by investigation.

To inquire into, to make examination; to seek for particular information. Inquire into the time, manner and place. Inquire into all the circumstances of the case.

Inquire

INQUI'RE, verb transitive To ask about; to seek by asking; as, he inquired the way; but the phrase is elliptical, for inquire for the way.

Inquirent

INQUI'RENT, adjective Making inquiry.

Inquirer

INQUI'RER, noun One who asks a question; one who interrogates; one who searches or examines; one who seeks for knowledge or information.

Inquiring

INQUI'RING, participle of the present tense Seeking for information by asking questions; asking; questioning; interrogating; examining.

Inquiry

INQUI'RY, noun [Norm. enquerre, from querer, to inquire.]

1. The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking questions; interrogation.

The men who were sent from Cornelius, had made inquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate. Acts 10.

2. Search for truth, information or knowledge; research; examination into facts or principles by proposing and discussing questions, by solving problems, by experiments or other modes; as physical inquiries; inquiries about philosophical knowledge.

Locke.

The first inquiry of a rational being should be, who made me? the second, why was I made? who is my Creator, and what is his will?

Inquisition

INQUISI'TION, n. s as z. [French from Latin inquisitio, inquiro. See Inquire.]

1. Inquiry; examination; a searching or search. Psalm 9.

2. Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest.

The justices in eyre had it formerly in charge to make inquisition concerning them by a jury of the county.

Blackstone.

3. Examination; discussion.

Bacon.

4. In some catholic couutries, a court or tribunal established for the examination and punishment of heretics. This court was established in the twelfth century by father Dominic, who was charged by pope Innocent III. with orders to excite catholic princes and people to extirpate heretics.

Encyc.

Inquisitional

INQUISI'TIONAL, adjective Making inquiry; busy in inquiry.

Sterne.

Inquisitive

INQUIS'ITIVE, a. s as z. Apt to ask questions; addicted to inquiry; inclined to seek information by questions; followed by about or after news. Children are usually inquisitive.

2. Inclined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation or observation; given to research. He possesses an inquisitive mind or disposition. We live in an inquisitive age.

Inquisitive

INQUIS'ITIVE, noun A person who is inquisitive; one curious in research.

Temple.

Inquisitively

INQUIS'ITIVELY, adverb With curiosity to obtain information; with scrutiny.

Inquisitiveness

INQUIS'ITIVENESS, noun The disposition to obtain information by questioning others, or by researches into facts, causes or principles; curiosity to learn what is not known. The works of nature furnish ample matter for the inquisitiveness of the human mind.

Inquisitor

INQUIS'ITOR, noun [Latin See Inquire.] One who inquires; particularly, one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine.

Dryden.

2. A member of the court of inquisition in Catholic countries.

Encyc.

Inquisitorial

INQUISITO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to inquisition; as inquisitorial power.

2. Pertaining to the catholic court of inquisition; as inquisitorial tragedy.

Encyc.

Inquisitorial robes.

Buchanan.

Inquisitorious

INQUISITO'RIOUS, adjective Making strict inquiry.

Milton.

Inrail

INRA'IL, verb transitive [in and rail.] To rail in; to inclose with rails.

Hooker. Gay.

Inrailed

INRA'ILED, participle passive Inclosed with rails.

Inrailing

INRA'ILING, participle of the present tense Inclosing with rails.

Inregister

INREG'ISTER, verb transitive [French enregistrer. See Register.]

To register; to record; to enter in a register.

Walsh.

Inroad

IN'ROAD, noun [in and road.] The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion. The confines of England and Scotland were formerly harassed with frequent inroads. The English made inroads into Scotland, and the Scots into England, and the country was sometimes desolated.

2. Attack; encroachment.

Insafety

INSA'FETY, noun Want of safety. [Ill.]

Naunton.

Insalubrious

INSALU'BRIOUS, adjective [in and salubrious.] Not salubrious; not healthful; unfavorable to health; unwholesome; as an insalubrious air or climate.

Insalubrity

INSALU'BRITY, noun [in and salubrity.] Want of salubrity; unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness; as the insalubrity of air, water or climate.

Insalutary

INSAL'UTARY, adjective [in and salutary.] Not salutary; not favorable to health or soundness.

2. Not tending to safety; productive of evil.

Insanable

INSAN'ABLE, adjective [Latin insanabilis; in and sano, to heal.] Incurable; that cannot be healed.

Johnson.

Insane

INSA'NE, adjective [Latin insanus; in and sanus, sound.]

1. Unsound in mind or intellect; mad; deranged in mind; delirious; distracted.

Shak.

[In the sense of making mad, it is little used.]

2. Used by or appropriated to insane persons; as an insane hospital.

Insane

INSA'NE, noun An insane person; as a hospital for the insane.

Insanely

INSA'NELY, adverb Madly; foolishly; without reason.

Montgomery.

Insaneness

INSA'NENESS, or INSAN'ITY, noun The state of being unsound in mind; derangement of intellect; madness. Insanity is chiefly used, and the word is applicable to any degree of mental derangement, from slight delirium or wandering, to distraction. It is however rarely used to express slight, temporary delirium, occasioned by fever or accident.

Insapory

INSAP'ORY, adjective [Latin in and sapor, taste.] Tasteless; wanting flavor. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Insatiable

INSA'TIABLE, a. insa'shable. [French from Latin insatiabilis; in and satio, to satisfy.]

Incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy; as an insatiable appetite or desire; insatiable thirst.

Insatiableness

INSA'TIABLENESS, n. insa'shableness. Greediness of appetite that cannot be satisfied or appeased.

King Charles.

Insatiably

INSA'TIABLY, adv. insa'shably. With greediness not to be satisfied.

South.

Insatiate

INSA'TIATE, a. insa'shate. [Latin insatiatus.] Not to be satisfied; insatiable; as insatiate thirst.

Philips.

Insatiately

INSA'TIATELY, adverb So greedily as not to be satisfied.

Insatiety

INSATI'ETY, noun Insatiableness.

Granger.

Insatisfaction

INSATISFAC'TION, noun Want of satisfaction.

Bacon.

Insaturable

INSAT'URABLE, adjective [Latin insaturabilis; in and satur, full.]

Not to be saturated, filled or glutted.

Johnson.

Inscience

INSCI'ENCE, noun [in and science.] Ignorance; want of knowledge.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Inscribe

INSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin inscribo; in and scribo, to write, to scrape. See Scribe.]

1. To write on; to engrave on for perpetuity or duration; as, to inscribe a line or verse on a monument, on a column or pillar.

2. To imprint on; as, to inscribe any thing on the mind or memory.

3. To assign or address to; to commend to by a short address, less formal than a dedication; as, to inscribe an ode or a book to a prince.

4. To mark with letters, characters or words; as, to inscribe a stone with a name.

5. To draw a figure within another, so that all the angles of the figure inscribed touch the angles, sides or planes of the other figure.

Johnson. Encyc.

Inscribed

INSCRI'BED, participle passive Written on; engraved; marked; addressed.

Inscriber

INSCRI'BER, noun One who inscribes.

Pownall.

Inscribing

INSCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Writing on; engraving; marking; addressing.

Inscription

INSCRIP'TION, noun [French from Latin inscriptio. See Inscribe.]

1. Something written or engraved to communicate knowledge to after ages; any character, word, line or sentence written or engraved on a solid substance for duration; as inscriptions on monuments, called epitaphs, on pillars, &c. We do not call by this name, writings on paper or parchment.

2. A title.

3. An address or consignment of a book to a person, as a mark of respect, or an invitation of patronage. It is less formal than a dedication.

Inscriptive

INSCRIP'TIVE, adjective Bearing inscription.

Inscroll

INSCROLL, verb transitive To write on a scroll.

Shak.

Inscrutability

INSCRUTABIL'ITY, or INSCRU'TABLENESS, noun The quality of being inscrutable.

Inscrutable

INSCRU'TABLE, adjective [French from Latin inscrutabilis; in and scrutor, to search.]

1. Unsearchable; that cannot be searched into and understood by inquiry or study. The designs of the emperor appear to be inscrutable.

2. That cannot be penetrated, discovered or understood by human reason. The ways of Providence are often inscrutable. Mysteries are inscrutable.

Inscrutably

INSCRU'TABLY, adverb In a manner or degree not to be found out or understood. The moral government of an infinite being must often be inscrutably dark and mysterious.

Insculp

INSCULP', verb transitive [Latin insculpo; in and sculpo, to engrave.] To engrave; to carve. [Little used.]

Shak.

Insculption

INSCULP'TION, noun Inscription. [Little used.]

Tourneur.

Insculpture

INSCULP'TURE, noun An engraving; sculpture. [See Sculpture, which is generally used.]

Shak.

Inseam

INSE'AM, verb transitive [in and seam.] To impress or mark with a seam or cicatrix. [Poetical.]

Pope.

Insearch

INSEARCH, v. t. inserch'. To make search. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Insecable

INSEC'ABLE, adjective [Latin insecabilis; in and seco, to cut.]

That cannot be divided by a cutting instrument; indivisible.

Encyc.

Insect

IN'SECT, noun [Latin insecta, plu., from inseco, to cut in; in and seco, to cut. This name seems to have been originally given to certain small animals whose bodies appear cut in, or almost divided. So in Greek,.]

1. In zoology, a small invertebral animal, breathing by lateral spiracles, and furnished with articulated extremities and movable antennae. Most insects pass through three states or metamorphoses, the larva, the chrysalis, and the perfect insect. The class of insects, in the Linnean system, is divided into seven orders, the last of which (Aptera) includes the Crustacea, which breathe by gills, and the Arachnides, which have no antennae, now forming two distinct classes.

Linne. Cuvier.

The term insect has been applied, but improperly, to other small invertebral animals of the Linnean class Vermes.

Encyc.

2. Any thing small or contemptible.

Thomson.

Insect

IN'SECT, adjective Small; mean; contemptible.

Insectator

INSECTA'TOR, noun [Latin] A persecutor. [Little used.]

Insected

INSECT'ED, adjective Having the nature of an insect.

Howell.

Insectile

INSECT'ILE, adjective Having the nature of insects.

Bacon.

Insectile

INSECT'ILE, noun An insect. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Insection

INSEC'TION, noun A cutting in; incisure; incision.

Insectivorous

INSECTIV'OROUS, adjective [insect and Latin voro, to eat.]

Feeding or subsisting on insects. Many winged animals are insectivorous.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Insectologer

INSECTOL'OGER, noun [insect and Greek.] One who studies insects. [Not in use. See Entomologist.]

Insecure

INSECU'RE, adjective [in and secure.] Not secure; not safe; not confident of safety; used of persons. No man can be quiet, when he feels insecure.

2. Not safe; not effectually guarded or protected; unsafe; exposed to danger or loss. Goods on the ocean are insecure. Hay and grain unhoused are insecure. Debts are often insecure.

Insecurely

INSECU'RELY, adverb Without security or safety; without certainty.

Chesterfield.

Insecurity

INSECU'RITY, noun [in and security.] Want of safety, or want of confidence in safety. Seamen in a tempest must be conscious of their insecurity.

2. Uncertainty. With what insecurity of truth we ascribe effects to unseen causes.

3. Want of safety; danger; hazard; exposure to destruction or loss; applied to things; as the insecurity of a building exposed to fire; the insecurity of a debt.

Insecution

INSECU'TION, noun [Latin insecutio.] Pursuit.

Chapman.

Inseminate

INSEM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin insemino.] To sow. [Little used.]

Insemination

INSEMINA'TION, noun The act of sowing. [Little used.]

Insensate

INSENS'ATE, adjective [French insensÃƒ-©; Latin in and sensus, sense.]

Destitute of sense; stupid; foolish; wanting sensibility.

Milton. Hammond.

Insensibility

INSENSIBIL'ITY, noun [from insensible.]

1. Want of sensibility, or the power of feeling or perceiving. A frozen limb is in a state of insensibility, as is an animal body after death.

2. Want of the power to be moved or affected; want of tenderness or susceptibility of emotion and passion. Not to be moved at the distresses of others denotes an insensibility extremely unnatural.

3. Dullness; stupidity; torpor.

Insensible

INSENS'IBLE, adjective [French Spanish from Latin in and sensus, sense, sentio, to feel.]

1. Imperceptible; that cannot be felt or perceived. The motion of the earth is insensible to the eye. A plant grows, and the body decays by insensible degrees. The humors of the body are evacuated by insensible perspiration.

The dense and bright light of the circle will obscure the rare and weak light of these dark colors round about it, and render them almost insensible.

Newton.

2. Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving; wanting corporeal sensibility. An injury to the spine often renders the inferior parts of the body insensible.

3. Not susceptible of emotion or passion; void of feeling; wanting tenderness. To be insensible to the sufferings of our fellow men is inhuman. To be insensible of danger is not always evidence of courage.

4. Dull; stupid; torpid.

5. Void of sense or meaning; as insensible words.

Hale. Du Ponceau.

Insensibleness

INSENS'IBLENESS, noun Inability to perceive; want of sensibility. [See Insensibility, which is generally used.]

Insensibly

INSENS'IBLY, adverb Imperceptibly; in a manner not to be felt or perceived by the senses.

The hills rise insensibly.

Addison.

2. By slow degrees; gradually. Men often slide insensibly into vicious habits.

Insentient

INSENT'IENT, adjective [in and sentient.] Not having perception or the power of perception.

Reid.

Inseparable

INSEP'ARABLE, adjective [French from Latin inseparabilis; in and separabilis, separo, to separate.]

That cannot be separated or disjoined; not to be parted. There is an inseparable connection between vice and suffering or punishment.

Inseparableness

INSEP'ARABLENESS, or INSEPARABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being inseparable, or incapable of disjunction. [The latter word is rarely used.]

Locke.

Inseparably

INSEP'ARABLY, adverb In a manner that prevents separation; with indissoluble union.

Bacon. Temple.

Inseparate

INSEP'ARATE, adjective Not separate. [Not used.]

Inseparately

INSEP'ARATELY, adverb So as not to be separated. [Not used.]

Cranmer.

Insert

INSERT', verb transitive [French inserer; Latin insero, insertum; in and sero, to thrust.]

Literally, to thrust in; hence, to set in or among; as, to insert a cion in a stock; to insert a letter, word or passage in a composition; to insert an advertisement or other writing in a paper.

Inserted

INSERT'ED, participle passive Set in or among.

Inserting

INSERT'ING, participle of the present tense Setting in or among.

Insertion

INSER'TION, noun [French from Latin insertio.]

1. The act of setting or placing in or among other things; as the insertion of cions in stocks; the insertion of words or passages in writings; the insertion of notices or essays in a public paper; the insertion of vessels, tendons, &c. in other parts of the body.

2. The thing inserted.

Brooms.

Inservient

INSERV'IENT, adjective Conducive.

Inset

INSET', verb transitive To infix or implant.

Chaucer.

Inshaded

INSHA'DED, adjective Marked with different shades.

Browne.

Inshell

INSHELL', verb transitive To hide in a shell.

Shak.

Inshelter

INSHEL'TER, verb intransitive To shelter.

Shak.

Inship

INSHIP', verb transitive To ship; to embark.

Shak.

Inshrine

INSHRINE. [See Enshrine.]

Inside

IN'SIDE, noun [in and side.] The interior part of a thing; internal part; opposed to outside; as the inside of a church; the inside of a letter.

Insidiate

INSID'IATE, verb transitive [Latin insidior.] To lie in ambush for.

Insidiator

INSID'IATOR, noun One who lies in ambush.

Barrow.

Insidious

INSID'IOUS, adjective [Latin insidiosus, from insideo, to lie in wait; in and sedeo, to sit.]

1. Properly, lying in wait; hence, watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap; deceitful; sly; treacherous; used of persons.

2. Intended to entrap; as insidious arts.

Insidiously

INSID'IOUSLY, adverb With intention to insnare; deceitfully; treacherously; with malicious artifice or stratagem.

Bacon.

Insidiousness

INSID'IOUSNESS, noun A watching for an opportunity to insnare; deceitfulness; treachery.

Barrow.

Insight

IN'SIGHT, n. in'site. [in and sight.] Sight or view of the interior of any thing; deep inspection or view; introspection; thorough knowledge or skill.

A garden gives us a great insight into the contrivance and wisdom of Providence.

Spectator.

Insignia

INSIG'NIA, noun [Latin plu.] Badges or distinguishing marks of office or honor.

Burke.

2. Marks, signs or visible impressions, by which any thing is known or distinguished.

Beattie.

Insignificance

INSIGNIF'ICANCE, or INSIGNIF'ICANCY, noun [in and significance.]

1. Want of significance or meaning; as the insignificance of words or phrases.

2. Unimportance; want of force or effect; as the insignificance of human art or of ceremonies.

Addison.

3. Want of weight; meanness.

Insignificant

INSIGNIF'ICANT, adjective [in and significant.]

1. Void of signification; destitute of meaning; as insignificant words.

2. Unimportant; answering no purpose; having no weight or effect; as insignificant rites.

3. Without weight of character; mean; contemptible; as an insignificant being or fellow.

Insignificant

INSIGNIF'ICANT, noun An insignificant, trifling or worthless thing.

Tatler.

Insignificantly

INSIGNIF'ICANTLY, adverb Without meaning, as words.

2. Without importance or effect; to no purpose.

Insignificative

INSIGNIF'ICATIVE, adjective Not expressing by external signs.

Insincere

INSINCE'RE, adjective [Latin insincerus; in and sincerus, sincere.]

1. Not sincere; not being in truth what one appears to be; dissembling; hypocritical; false; used of persons; as an insincere heart.

2. Deceitful; hypocritical; false; used of things; as insincere declarations or professions.

3. Not sound.

Insincerely

INSINCE'RELY, adverb Without sincerity; hypocritically.

Insincerity

INSINCER'ITY, noun Dissimulation; want of sincerity or of being in reality what one appears to be; hypocrisy; used of persons.

2. Deceitfulness; hollowness; used of things; as the insincerity of professions.

Insinew

INSIN'EW, verb transitive [in and sinew.] To strengthen; to give vigor to.

Shak.

Insinuant

INSIN'UANT, adjective [French from Latin insinuans.] Insinuating; having the power to gain favor. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Insinuate

INSIN'UATE, verb transitive [French insinuer; Latin insinuo; in and sinus, the bosom, a bay, inlet or recess.]

1. To introduce gently, or into a narrow passage; to wind in. Water insinuates itself into the crevices of rocks.

2. To push or work one's self into favor; to introduce by slow, gentle or artful means.

He insinuated himself into the very good grace of the duke of Buckingham.

Clarendon.

3. To hint; to suggest by remote allusion.

And all the fictions bards pursue,

Do but insinuate what's true.

Swift.

4. To instill; to infuse gently; to introduce artfully.

All the art of rhetoric, besides order and clearness, are for nothing else but to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions and thereby mislead the judgment.

Locke.

Insinuate

INSIN'UATE, verb intransitive To creep in; to wind in; to flow in; to enter gently, slowly or imperceptibly, as into crevices.

2. To gain on the affections by gentle or artful means, or by imperceptible degrees; as insinuating flattery.

3. To wind along.

Milton.

Insinuated

INSIN'UATED, participle passive Introduced or conveyed gently, imperceptibly or by winding into crevices; hinted.

Insinuating

INSIN'UATING, participle of the present tense Creeping or winding in; flowing in; gaining on gently; hinting.

2. adjective Tending to enter gently; insensibly winning favor and confidence.

Insinuation

INSINUA'TION, noun [French from Latin insinuatio.]

1. The act of insinuating; a creeping or winding in; a flowing into crevices.

2. The act of gaining on favor or affections, by gentle or artful means.

3. The art or power of pleasing and stealing on the affections.

He had a natural insinuation and address, which made him acceptable in the best company.

Clarendon.

4. A hint; a suggestion or intimation by distant allusion. Slander may be conveyed by insinuations.

Insinuative

INSIN'UATIVE, adjective Stealing on the affections.

Bacon.

Insinuator

INSIN'UATOR, noun One who insinuates; one that hints.

Insipid

INSIP'ID, adjective [French insipide; Latin insipidus; in and sapidus, sapio, to taste.]

1. Tasteless; destitute of taste; wanting the qualities which affect the organs of taste; vapid; as insipid liquor.

2. Wanting spirit, life or animation; wanting pathos, or the power of exciting emotions; flat; dull; heavy; as an insipid address; an insipid composition.

3. Wanting power to gratify desire; as insipid pleasures.

Insipidity

INSIPID'ITY, or INSIP'IDNESS, noun [French insipiditÃƒ-©.]

1. Want of taste, or the power of exciting sensation in the tongue.

2. Want of life or spirit.

Dryden's lines shine strongly through the insipidity of Tate's.

Pope.

Insipidly

INSIP'IDLY, adverb Without taste; without spirit or life; without enjoyment.

Locke.

Insipience

INSIP'IENCE, noun [Latin insipientia; in and sapio, to be wise.]

Want of wisdom; folly; foolishness; want of understanding.

Insist

INSIST', verb intransitive [French insister; Latin insisto; in and sisto, to stand.]

1. Literally, to stand or rest on. [Rarely used.]

Ray.

2. In geometry, an angle is said to insist upon the are of the circle intercepted between the two lines which contain the angle.

3. To dwell on in discourse; as, to insist on a particular topic.

To insist on, to press or urge for any thing with immovable firmness; to persist in demands; as, to insist on oppressive terms in a treaty; to insist on immediate payment of a debt.

Insistent

INSIST'ENT, adjective Standing or resting on; as an insistent wall. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Insisture

INSIST'URE, noun A dwelling or standing on; fixedness. Obs.

Shak.

Insitiency

INSIT'IENCY, noun [Latin in and sitio, to thirst.]

Freedom from thirst.

Grew.

Insition

INSI'TION, noun [Latin insitio, from insitus, insero, to plant.]

The insertion of a cion in a stock; ingraftment.

Ray.

Insnare

INSNA'RE, verb transitive [in and snare.] To catch in a snare; to entrap; to take by artificial means.

2. To inveigle; to seduce by artifice; to take by wiles, stratagem or deceit. The flattering tongue is apt to insnare the artless youth.

3. To entangle; to involve in difficulties or perplexities.

[This word is often written ensnare, but insnare is the true orthography.]

Insnared

INSNA'RED, participle passive Caught in a snare; entrapped; inveigled; involved in perplexities.

Insnarer

INSNA'RER, noun One that insnares.

Insnaring

INSNA'RING, participle of the present tense Catching in a snare; entrapping; seducing; involving in difficulties.

Insobriety

INSOBRI'ETY, noun [in and sobriety.] Want of sobriety; intemperance; drunkenness.

Decay of Piety.

Insociable

INSO'CIABLE, adjective [French from Latin insociabilis; in and sociabilis, socro, to unite.]

1. Not inclined to unite in social converse; not given to conversation; unsociable; taciturn.

2. That cannot be joined or connected.

Lime and wood are insociable. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Insolate

IN'SOLATE, verb transitive [Latin insolo; in and sol, the sun.]

To dry in the sun's rays; to expose to the heat of the sun; to ripen or prepare by exposure to the sun.

Insolated

IN'SOLATED, participle passive Exposed to the sun; dried or matured in the sun's rays.

Insolating

IN'SOLATING, participle of the present tense Exposing to the action of sun-beams.

Insolation

INSOLA'TION, noun The act of exposing to the rays of the sun for drying or maturing, as fruits, drugs, &c. or for rendering acid, as vinegar, or for promoting some chimical action of one substance on another.

2. A stroke of the sun; the action of extreme heat on the brain.

Battie.

Insolence

IN'SOLENCE, noun [French from Latin insolentia; in and soleo, to be accustomed.]

Pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptnous and overbearing treatment of others; petulant contempt; impudence.

Johnson.

Blown with insolence and wine.

Milton.

Insolence

IN'SOLENCE, verb transitive To treat with haughty contempt. [Not used.]

K. Charles.

Insolent

IN'SOLENT, adjective Proud and haughty, with contempt of others; overbearing; domineering in power; as an insolent master.

Atterbury.

2. Proceeding from insolence; haughty and contemptuous; as insolent words or behavior.

3. Unaccustomed; the primary sense. [Not used.]

Insolently

IN'SOLENTLY, adverb With contemptuous pride; haughtily; rudely; saucily.

Dryden.

Insolidity

INSOLID'ITY, noun [in and solidity.] Want of solidity; weakness.

More.

Insolubility

INSOLUBIL'ITY, noun [from insoluble.] The quality of not being soluble or dissolvable, particularly in a fluid.

Insoluble

INSOL'UBLE, adjective [French from Latin insolubilis; in and solvo, to dissolve.]

1. That cannot be dissolved, particularly by a liquid. We say a substance is insoluble in water, when its parts will not separate and mix with that fluid.

2. Not to be solved or explained; not to be resolved; as a doubt or difficulty. [Not much used.]

Insolvable

INSOLV'ABLE, adjective [French from Latin in and solvo, to loosen or dissolve.]

1. Not to be cleared of difficulty or uncertainty; not to be solved or explained; not admitting solution or explication; as an insolvable problem or difficulty.

Watts.

2. That cannot be paid or discharged.

Pope.

Insolvency

INSOLV'ENCY, noun [infra.] Inability of a person to pay all his debts; or the state of wanting property sufficient for such payment; as a merchant's insolvency.

2. Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner; as the insolvency of an estate.

Act of insolvency. [See infra, Insolvent law.]

Insolvent

INSOLV'ENT, adjective [Latin in and solvens, solvo, to solve, to free, to pay.]

1. Not having money, goods or estate sufficient to pay all debts; as an insolvent debtor.

2. Not sufficient to pay all the debts of the owner; as an insolvent estate.

3. Respecting insolvent debtors; relieving an insolvent debtor from imprisonment for debt, or from liability to arrest and imprisonment for debts previously contracted; as an insolvent law.

Daggett. Sergeant.

Insolvent law, or act of insolvency, a law which liberates a debtor from imprisonment, or exempts him from liability to arrest and imprisonment on account of any debt previously contracted. These terms may be considered as generic, comprehending also bankrupt laws, which protect a man's future acquisitions from his creditors. But in a limited sense, as the words are now generally used, an insolvent law extends only to protect the person of the debtor from imprisonment on account of debts previously contracted.

Stat. of Conn. Wheaton's Rep.

Insolvent

INSOLV'ENT, noun A debtor unable to pay his debts.

Sergeant.

Insomnious

INSOM'NIOUS, adjective [Latin insomniosus; or in and somnus, sleep.] Troubled with dreams; restless in sleep.

Insomuch

INSOMUCH', adverb [in, so, and much.] So that; to that degree.

Simonides was an excellent poet, insomuch that he made his fortune by it.

L'Estrange.

[This word or combination of words is not deemed elegant, and is obsolescent, at least in classical composition.]

Inspect

INSPECT', verb transitive [Latin inspicio, inspectum; in and specio, to view.]

1. To look on; to view or oversee for the purpose of examination. It is the duty of parents to inspect the conduct or manners of their children.

2. To look into; to view and examine, for the purpose of ascertaining the quality or condition of a thing; as, to inspect potash; to inspect flour; to inspect arms.

3. To view and examine for the purpose of discovering and correcting errors; as, to inspect the press, or the proof-sheets of a book.

4. To superintend.

Inspect

INSPECT', noun Close examination. [Not used.]

Thomson.

Inspected

INSPECT'ED, participle passive Viewed with care; examined by the eye or officially.

Inspecting

INSPECT'ING, participle of the present tense Looking on or into; viewing with care; examining for ascertaining the quality or condition.

Inspection

INSPEC'TION, noun [French from Latin inspectio.]

1. A looking on or into; prying examination; close or careful survey; as the divine inspection into the affairs of the world.

Bentley.

2. Watch; guardianship; as a youth placed at school under the inspection of a friend.

3. Superintendence; oversight. The fortifications are to be executed under the inspection of an officer of the army.

4. Official view; a careful viewing and examining of commodities or manufactures, to ascertain their quality; as the inspection of flour.

5. Official examination, as of arms, to see that they are in good order for service.

Inspector

INSPECT'OR, noun One who inspects, views or oversees; as an inspector of morals; an inspector of the press.

2. A superintendent; one to whose care the execution of any work is committed, for the purpose of seeing it faithfully performed.

3. An officer whose duty is to examine the quality of goods or commodities offered for sale.

4. An officer of the customs.

5. A military officer whose duty is to inspect the troops and examine their arms.

Inspectorate

INSPECT'ORATE, or INSPECT'ORSHIP, noun The office of an inspector.

Washington.

Inspersed

INSPERS'ED, adjective Sprinkled on. [Not used.]

Inspersion

INSPER'SION, noun [Latin inspersio, inspergo; in and spargo, to scatter.] The act of sprinkling on.

Ainsworth.

Inspeximus

INSPEX'IMUS, noun [we have inspected; the first word of ancient charters, &c.] An exemplification.

Insphere

INSPHE'RE, verb transitive [in and sphere.] To place in an orb or sphere.

Milton.

Inspirable

INSPI'RABLE, adjective [from inspire.] That may be inspired.

2. That may be drawn into the lungs; inhalable; as air or vapors.

Inspiration

INSPIRA'TION, noun [French from Latin inspiro.]

1. The act of drawing air into the lungs; the inhaling of air; a branch of respiration, and opposed to expiration.

2. The act of breathing into any thing.

3. The infusion of ideas into the mind by the Holy Spirit; the conveying into the minds of men, ideas, notices or monitions by extraordinary or supernatural influence; or the communication of the divine will to the understanding by suggestions or impressions on the mind, which leave no room to doubt the reality of their supernatural origin.

All Scripture is given by inspiration of God. 2 Timothy 3.

4. The infusion of ideas or directions by the supposed deities of pagans.

5. The infusion or communication of ideas or poetic spirit, by a superior being or supposed presiding power; as the inspiration of Homer or other poet.

Inspiratory

IN'SPIRATORY, adjective Pertaining to inspiration, or inhaling air into the lungs.

Med. Repos.

Inspire

INSPI'RE, verb intransitive [Latin inspiro; in and spiro, to breathe; French inspirer.]

To draw in breath; to inhale air into the lungs; opposed to expire.

Inspire

INSPI'RE, verb transitive To breathe into.

Ye nine, descend and sing,

The breathing instruments inspire.

Pope.

2. To infuse by breathing.

He knew not his Maker, and him that inspired into him an active soul.

Wisdom.

3. To infuse into the mind; as, to inspire with new life.

4. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions supernaturally; to communicate divine instructions to the mind. In this manner, we suppose the prophets to have been inspired, and the Scriptures to have been composed under divine influence or direction.

5. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit.

6. To draw into the lungs; as, to inspire and expire the air with difficulty.

Harvey.

Inspired

INSPI'RED, participle passive Breathed in; inhaled; infused.

2. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit.

Inspirer

INSPI'RER, noun He that inspires.

Inspiring

INSPI'RING, participle of the present tense Breathing in; inhaling into the lungs; infusing into the mind supernaturally.

2. adjective Infusing spirit or courage; animating.

Inspirit

INSPIR'IT, verb transitive [in and spirit.] To infuse or excite spirit in; to enliven; to animate; to give new life to; to encourage; to invigorate.

The courage of Agamemnon is inspirited by the love of empire and ambition.

Pope.

Inspirited

INSPIR'ITED, participle passive Enlivened; animated; invigorated.

Inspiriting

INSPIR'ITING, participle of the present tense Infusing spirit; giving new life to.

Inspissate

INSPIS'SATE, verb transitive [Latin in and spissus, thick.]

To thicken, as fluids; to bring to greater consistence by evaporating the thinner parts, &c.

Inspissated

INSPIS'SATED, participle passive Thickened, as a liquor.

Inspissating

INSPIS'SATING, participle of the present tense Thickening, as a liquor.

Inspissation

INSPISSA'TION, noun The act or operation of rendering a fluid substance thicker by evaporation, &c.

Instability

INSTABIL'ITY, noun [French instabilitÃƒ-©; Latin instabilitas, instabilis; in and stabilis, from sto, to stand.]

1. Want of stability; want of firmness in purpose; inconstancy; fickleness; mutability of opinion or conduct. Instability is the characteristic of weak minds.

2. Changeableness; mutability; as the instability of laws, plans or measures.

Instable

INSTA'BLE, adjective [Latin instabilis.] Inconstant; prone to change or recede from a purpose; mutable; of persons.

2. Not steady or fixed; changeable; of things.

[Instable and unstable are synonymous, and the latter is more commonly used.]

Instableness

INSTA'BLENESS, noun Unstableness; mutability; instability.

Install

INSTALL', verb transitive [French installer; Spanish instalar; Italian installare; from German stall, from stellen, Dutch stellen, to set, Greek, to send.]

To set, place or instate, in an office, rank or order; to invest with any charge, office or rank, with the customary ceremonies. To install a clergyman or minister of the gospel, is to place one who has been previously ordained, over a particular church and congregation, or to invest an ordained minister with a particular pastoral charge; in England, to induct a dean, prebendary or other ecclesiastical dignitary into possession of the church to which he belongs.

Installation

INSTALLA'TION, noun The act of giving possession of an office, rank or order, with the customary ceremonies.

On the election, the bishop gives a mandate for his installation.

Ayliffe.

Installed

INSTALL'ED, participle passive Placed in a seat, office or order.

Installing

INSTALL'ING, participle of the present tense Placing in a seat, office or order.

Installment

INSTALL'MENT, noun The act of installing, or giving possession of an office with the usual ceremonies or solemnities.

Shak.

2. The seat in which one is placed. [Unusual.]

Shak.

3. In commerce, a part of a large sum of money paid or to be paid at a particular period. In constituting a capital stock by subscriptions of individuals, it is customary to afford facilities to subscribers by dividing the sum subscribed into installments, or portions payable at distinct periods. In large contracts also, it is not unusual to agree that the money shall be paid by installments.

Instance

IN'STANCE, noun [French from Latin insto, to press; in and sto, to stand.] Literally, a standing on. Hence,

1. Urgency; a pressing; solicitation; importunity; application. The request was granted at the instance of the defendant's advocate.

2. Example; a case occurring; a case offered. Howard furnished a remarkable instance of disinterested benevolence. The world may never witness a second instance of the success of daring enterprise and usurpation, equal to that of Buonaparte.

Suppose the earth should be removed nearer to the sun, and revolve, for instance, in the orbit of Mercury, the whole ocean would boil with heat.

Bentley.

The use of instances, is to illustrate and explain a difficulty.

Baker.

3. Time; occasion; occurrence.

These seem as if, in the time of Edward I, they were drawn up into the form of a law, in the first instance.

Hale.

4. Motive; influence. Obs.

Shak.

5. Process of a suit. Obs.

Ayliffe.

Instance-court, a branch of the court of admiralty, in England, distinct from the prize-court.

Instance

IN'STANCE, verb intransitive To give or offer an example or case.

As to false citationsÃ‚--I shall instance in two or three.

Tillotson.

Instance

IN'STANCE, verb transitive To mention as an example or case. He instanced the event of Cesar's death.

Instanced

IN'STANCED, participle passive or adjective Given in proof or as an example.

Bp. Hall.

Instant

IN'STANT, adjective [French from Latin instans, insto.]

1. Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest.

Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer. Romans 12.

2. Immediate; without intervening time; present.

Impending death is thine and instant doom.

Prior.

3. Quick; making no delay.

Instant he flew with hospitable haste.

Pope.

4. Present; current. On the tenth of July instant.

Instant

IN'STANT, noun A point in duration; a moment; a part of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part that occupies the time of a single thought.

2. A particular time.

Shak.

Instantaneity

INSTANTANE'ITY, noun Unpremeditated production.

Shenstone.

Instantaneous

INSTANTA'NEOUS, adjective [French instantanÃƒ-©; Spanish Italian instantaneo.]

Done in an instant; occurring or acting without any perceptible succession; very speedily. The passage of electricity through any given space appears to be instantaneous.

Instantaneously

INSTANTA'NEOUSLY, adverb In an instant; in a moment; in an indivisible point of duration. The operations of the human mind are wonderful; our thoughts fly from world to world instantaneously. In the western parts of the Atlantic states of America, showers of rain sometimes begin instantaneously.

Instantaneousness

INSTANTA'NEOUSNESS, noun The quality of being done in an instant.

Instanter

INSTANT'ER, adverb [Latin] In law, immediately; at the present time; without delay.

The party was compelled to plead instanter.

Instantly

IN'STANTLY, adverb Immediately; without any intervening time; at the moment.

Lightning often kills instantly.

2. With urgent importunity.

And when they came to Jesus, they besought him instantly, saying, that he was worthy for whom he should do this. Luke 7.

3. With diligence and earnestness. Acts 26.

Instar

INST`AR, verb transitive [in and star.] To set or adorn with stars, or with brilliants.

A golden throne

Instarr'd with gems.

J. Barlow.

Instate

INSTA'TE, verb transitive [in and state.] To set or place; to establish, as in a rank or condition; as, to instate a person in greatness or in favor.

South. Atterbury.

2. To invest. Obs.

Shak.

Instated

INSTA'TED, participle passive Set or placed.

Instating

INSTA'TING, participle of the present tense Setting or placing.

Instauration

INSTAURA'TION, noun [French from Latin instauratio, instauro, to renew.]

Renewal; repair; re-establishment; the restoration of a thing to its former state, after decay, lapse or dilapidation.

Instaurator

INSTAURA'TOR, noun One who renews or restores to a former condition.

More.

Instead

INSTEAD, insted'. [a compound of in and stead, place; but stead retains its character of a noun, and is followed by of; instead of, in the same manner as in the stead of.]

In the place or room of.

Let thistles grow instead of wheat. Job 31.

Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab. 2 Samuel 17.

This consideration is instead of a thousand arguments. In this use, instead may be equivalent to equal to.

When instead is used without of following, there is an ellipsis, or some words are understood.

Insteep

INSTEE'P, verb transitive [in and steep.] To steep or soak; to drench; to macerate in moisture.

Shak.

2. To keep under or in water.

Insteeped

INSTEE'PED, participle of the present tense Steeped; soaked; drenched; lying under water.

Insteeping

INSTEE'PING, participle of the present tense Steeping; soaking.

Instep

IN'STEP, noun [in and step.] The instep of the human foot, is the fore part of the upper side of the foot, near its junction with the leg.

2. The instep of a horse, is that part of the hind leg, which reaches from the ham to the pastern-joint.

Encyc.

Instigate

IN'STIGATE, verb transitive [Latin instigo; in and stigo, inusit, Greek, to prick.]

To incite; to set on; to provoke; to urge; used chiefly or wholly in an ill sense; as, to instigate one to evil; to instigate to a crime.

Instigated

IN'STIGATED, participle passive Incited or persuaded, as to evil.

Instigating

IN'STIGATING, participle of the present tense Inciting; tempting to evil.

Instigation

INSTIGA'TION, noun Incitement, as to evil or wickedness; the act of encouraging to commit a crime or some evil act.

2. Temptation; impulse to evil; as the instigation of the devil.

Instigator

IN'STIGATOR, noun One who incites another to an evil act; a tempter.

2. That which incites; that which moves persons to commit wickedness.

Instill

INSTILL', verb transitive [Latin instillo; in and stillo, to drop.]

1. To infuse by drops.

Milton.

2. To infuse slowly, or by small quantities; as, to instill good principles into the mind.

Instillation

INSTILLA'TION, noun [Latin instillatio.] The act of infusing by drops or by small quantities.

2. The act of infusing slowly into the mind.

3. That which is instilled or infused.

Instilled

INSTILL'ED, participle passive Infused by drops or by slow degrees.

Instiller

INSTILL'ER, noun He that instills.

Instilling

INSTILL'ING, participle of the present tense Infusing by drops or by slow degrees.

Shak.

Instillment

INSTILL'MENT, noun Any thing instilled.

Shak.

Instimulate

INSTIM'ULATE, verb transitive To stimulate; to excite. [Not used.]

Instimulating

INSTIM'ULATING, participle of the present tense Not stimulating; not exciting vital powers.

Cheyne.

Instimulation

INSTIMULA'TION, noun [in and stimulation.]

The act of stimulating, inciting or urging forward.

Instinct

INSTINCT', adjective [Latin instinctus. See the Noun.]

Moved; animated; excited; as instinct with spirit. Obs.

Milton.

BetuliaÃ‚--instinct with life.

Faber.

Instinct

IN'STINCT, noun [French; Italian instinto, istinto; Spanish Portugese instinto; from Latin instinctus, inwardly moved; in and stinguo, Greek,. See Distinguish, Extinguish. The sense of the root is to thrust; hence the compound, instinctus, signifies properly, thrust in, infixed. See Instigate.]

A certain power or disposition of mind by which, independent of all instruction or experience, without deliberation and without having any end in view, animals are unerringly directed to do spontaneously whatever is necessary for the preservation of the individual, or the continuation of the kind. Such, in the human species, is the instinct of sucking exerted immediately after birth, and that of insects in depositing their eggs in situations most favorable for hatching.

Encyc.

Instinct may be defined, the operation of the principle of organized life by the exercise of certain natural powers directed to the present or future good of the individual. Instinct is the general property of the living principle, or the law of organized life in a state of action.

Good.

And reason raise o'er instinct as you can,

In this' tis God directs, in that' tis man.

Pope.

Instincted

INSTINCT'ED, adjective Impressed; as an animating power. [Little used.]

Bentley.

Instinction

INSTINC'TION, noun Instinct. [Not in use.]

Elyot.

Instinctive

INSTINCT'IVE, adjective Prompted by instinct; spontaneous; acting without reasoning, deliberation, instruction or experience; determined by natural impulse or propensity. The propensity of bees to form hexagonal cells for holding their honey and their young, must be instinctive.

Instinctively

INSTINCT'IVELY, adverb By force of instinct; without reasoning, instruction or experience; by natural impulse.

Institute

IN'STITUTE, verb transitive [Latin instituo; in and statuo, to set.]

1. To establish; to appoint; to enact; to form and prescribe; as, to institute laws; to institute rules and regulations.

2. To found; to originate and establish; as, to institute a new order of nobility; to institute a court.

3. To ground or establish in principles; to educate; to instruct; as, to institute children in the principles of a science.

4. To begin; to commence; to set in operation; as, to institute an inquiry; to institute a suit.

5. To invest with the spiritual part of a benefice or the care of souls.

Blackstone.

Institute

IN'STITUTE, noun [Latin institutum; French institut.]

1. Established law; settled order.

2. Precept; maxim; principle.

To make the Stoic institutes thy own.

Dryden.

3. A book of elements or principles; particularly, a work containing the principles of the Roman law.

Encyc.

4. In Scots law, when a number of persons in succession hold an estate in tail, the first is called the institute, the others substitutes.

Encyc.

Instituted

IN'STITUTED, participle passive Established; appointed; founded; enacted; invested with the care of souls.

Instituting

IN'STITUTING, participle of the present tense Establishing; founding; enacting; investing with the care of souls.

Institution

INSTITU'TION, noun [French from Latin institutio.]

1. The act of establishing.

2. Establishment; that which is appointed, prescribed or founded by authority, and intended to be permanent. Thus we speak of the institutions of Moses or Lycurgus. We apply the word institution to laws, rites, and ceremonies, which are enjoined by authority as permanent rules of conduct or of government.

3. A system, plan or society established, either by law or by the authority of individuals for promoting any object, public or social. We call a college or an academy, a literary institution; a bible society, a benevolent or charitable institution; a banking company and an insurance company are commercial institutions.

4. A system of the elements or rules of any art or science.

Encyc.

5. Education; instruction.

His learning was not the effect of precept or institution.

Bentley.

6. The act or ceremony of investing a clerk with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge.

Blackstone.

Institutional

INSTITU'TIONAL, adjective Enjoined; instituted by authority.

Etym. Vocabulary.

Institutionary

INSTITU'TIONARY, adjective Elemental; containing the first principles or doctrines.

Brown.

Institutist

IN'STITUTIST, noun A writer of institutes or elementary rules and instructions.

Harvey.

Institutive

IN'STITUTIVE, adjective That establishes; having power to establish.

Barrow.

2. Established; depending on institution.

Milton.

Institutor

IN'STITUTOR, noun [Latin] The person who establishes; one who enacts laws, rites and ceremonies, and enjoins the observance of them.

2. The person who founds an order, sect, society or scheme for the promotion of a public or social object.

3. An instructor; one who educates; as an institutor of youth.

Walker.

Instop

INSTOP', verb transitive [in and stop.] To stop; to close; to make fast. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Instratified

INSTRA'TIFIED, adjective Stratified within something else.

Journ. of Science.

Instruct

INSTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin instruo, instructum; in and struo, to set or to put on, to furnish; French Italian instruire; Spanish instruir. The Latin struo is contracted from struco or strugo. See Destroy.]

1. To teach; to inform the mind; to educate; to impart knowledge to one who was destitute of it. The first duty of parents is to instruct their children in the principles of religion and morality.

2. To direct; to enjoin; to persuade or admonish.

She being before instructed by her mother, said, give me here the head of John the Baptist in a charger. Matthew 14.

3. To direct or command; to furnish with orders. The president instructed his envoy to insist on the restitution of the property.

4. To inform; to advise or give notice to.

On this question the court is not instructed.

5. To model; to form; to prepare. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Instructed

INSTRUCT'ED, participle passive Taught; informed; trained up; educated.

Instructible

INSTRUCT'IBLE, adjective Able to instruct. [Ill.]

Bacon.

Instructing

INSTRUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Teaching; informing the mind; directing.

Instruction

INSTRUC'TION, noun [French from Latin instructio.]

1. The act of teaching or informing the understanding in that of which it was before ignorant; information.

2. Precepts conveying knowledge.

Receive my instruction and not silver. Proverbs 8.

3. Direction; order; command; mandate.

The minister received instructions from his sovereign to demand a categorical answer.

Instructive

INSTRUCT'IVE, adjective [Spanish instructivo; Italian instruttivo; French instructif.]

Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform. Affliction furnishes very instructive lessons.

Instructively

INSTRUCT'IVELY, adverb So as to afford instruction.

Pope.

Instructor

INSTRUCT'OR, noun A teacher; a person who imparts knowledge to another by precept or information. 1 Corinthians 4.

2. The preceptor of a school or seminary of learning; any president, professor or tutor, whose business is to teach languages, literature or the sciences; any professional man who teaches the principles of his profession.

Instructress

INSTRUCT'RESS, noun A female who instructs; a preceptress; a tutoress.

Instrument

IN'STRUMENT, noun [French from Latin instrumentum, from instruo, to prepare; that which is prepared.]

1. A tool; that by which work is performed or any thing is effected; as a knife, a hammer, a saw, a plow, &c. Swords, muskets and cannon are instruments of destruction. A telescope is an astronomical instrument.

2. That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or purpose, or to the production of any effect; means used or contributing to an effect; applicable to persons or things. Bad men are often instruments of ruin to others. The distribution of the Scriptures may be the instrument of a vastly extensive reformation in morals and religion.

3. An artificial machine or body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds; as an organ, a harpsichord, a violin, or flute, &c., which are called musical instruments, or instruments of music.

4. In law, a writing containing the terms of a contract, as a deed of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, &c.; in general, a writing by which some fact is recorded for evidence, or some right conveyed.

5. A person who acts for another, or is employed by another for a special purpose, and if the purpose is dishonorable, the term implies degradation or meanness.

Instrumental

INSTRUMENT'AL, adjective Conducive as an instrument or means to some end; contributing aid; serving to promote or effect an object; helpful. The press has been instrumental in enlarging the bounds of knowledge.

2. Pertaining to instruments; made by instruments; as instrumental music, distinguished from vocal music, which is made by the human voice.

Instrumentality

INSTRUMENTAL'ITY, noun Subordinate or auxiliary agency; agency of any thing as means to an end; as the instrumentality of second causes.

Instrumentally

INSTRUMENT'ALLY, adverb By way of an instrument; in the nature of an instrument; as means to an end.

South.

2. With instruments of music.

Instrumentalness

INSTRUMENT'ALNESS, noun Usefulness, as of means to an end; instrumentality.

Hammond.

Instyle

INSTYLE, verb transitive [in and style.] To call; to denominate. [Not used.]

Crashaw.

Insuavity

INSUAV'ITY, noun [Latin insuavitas.] Unpleasantness.

Burton.

Insubjection

INSUBJEC'TION, noun State of disobedience to government.

Insubmission

INSUBMIS'SION, noun Defect of submission; disobedience.

Insubordinate

INSUBORD'INATE, adjective Not submitting to authority.

Insubordination

INSUBORDINA'TION, noun Want of subordination; disorder; disobedience to lawful authority.

Marshall. J. M. Mason.

Insubstantial

INSUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective Unsubstantial; not real.

Shak.

Insuccation

INSUCCA'TION, noun [Latin insucco, to moisten; in and succus, juice.]

The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs.

Coxe.

Insufferable

INSUF'FERABLE, adjective [in and sufferable.]

1. Intolerable; that cannot be borne or endured; as insufferable heat, cold or pain.

2. That cannot be permitted or tolerated. Our wrongs are insufferable.

3. Detestable; contemptible; disgusting beyond endurance.

A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their insufferable stuffÃ‚--

Dryden.

Insufferably

INSUF'FERABLY, adverb To a degree beyond endurance; as a blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud.

Insufficiency

INSUFFI'CIENCY, noun [in and sufficiency.]

1. Inadequateness; want of sufficiency; deficiency; as an insufficiency of provisions to supply the garrison.

2. Inadequacy of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as the insufficiency of a man for an office.

3. Want of the requisite strength, value or force; defect.

The insufficiency of the light of nature is supplied by the light of Scripture.

Hooker.

Insufficient

INSUFFI'CIENT, adjective [in and sufficient.]

1. Not sufficient; inadequate to any need, use or purpose. The provisions are insufficient in quantity and defective in quality.

2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, or skill; incapable; unfit; as a person insufficient to discharge the duties of an office.

Insufficiently

INSUFFI'CIENTLY, adverb With want of sufficiency; with want of proper ability or skill; inadequately.

Insufflation

INSUFFLA'TION, noun [Latin in and sufflo, to blow.]

1. The act of breathing on.

2. The act of blowing a substance into a cavity of the body.

Coxe.

Insuitable

INSU'ITABLE, adjective Unsuitable. [Little used.]

Burnet.

Insular

IN'SULAR, adjective [Latin insularis, from insula, an isle.]

Belonging to an isle; surrounded by water; as an insular situation.

Insular

IN'SULAR, noun One who dwells in an isle.

Berkeley.

Insulate

IN'SULATE, verb transitive [Latin insula, an isle.] To place in a detached situation, or in a state to have no communication with surrounding objects.

2. In architecture, to set a column alone or not contiguous to a wall.

3. In electrical experiments, to place on a non-conducting substance, or in a situation to prevent communication with the earth.

4. To make an isle. [Little used.]

Insulated

IN'SULATED, participle passive or adjective Standing by itself; not being contiguous to other bodies; as an insulated house or column.

2. In electrical experiments, placed on an electric or non-conducting substance; not communicating with the earth.

Insulating

IN'SULATING, participle of the present tense Setting in a detached position. In electrical experiments, preventing communication by the interposition of an electric body.

Insulation

INSULA'TION, noun The act of insulating; the state of being detached from other objects.

2. In electrical experiments, that state in which the communication of electrical fluid is prevented by the interposition of an electric body.

Insulator

IN'SULATOR, noun In electrical experiments, the substance or body that insulates, or interrupts the communication of electricity to surrounding objects; a non-conductor or electric.

Ed. Encyc.

Insulse

INSULSE, adjective insuls'. [Latin insulsus.] Dull; insipid. [Not used.]

Milton.

Insult

IN'SULT, noun [French insulte; Latin insultus, from insilio, to leap on; in and salio, to leap.]

1. The act of leaping on. [Little used.]

Dryden.

2. Any gross abuse offered to another, either by words or actions; act or speech of insolence or contempt.

The ruthless sneer that insult adds to grief.

Savage.

Insult

INSULT', verb transitive [French insulter; Italian insultare; Spanish insultar; Latin insulto. See the Noun.]

To treat with gross abuse, insolence or contempt, by words or actions; as, to call a man a coward or a liar, or to sneer at him, is to insult him.

To insult over, to triumph over with insolence and contempt.

Insult

INSULT', verb intransitive To behave with insolent triumph.

B. Jonson.

Insultation

INSULTA'TION, noun The act of insulting; abusive treatment.

Feltham.

Insulted

INSULT'ED, participle passive Abused or treated with insolence and contempt.

Insulter

INSULT'ER, noun One who insults.

Rowe.

Insulting

INSULT'ING, participle of the present tense Treating with insolence or contempt.

Insultingly

INSULT'INGLY, adverb With insolent contempt; with contemptuous triumph.

Dryden.

Insume

INSU'ME, verb transitive [Latin insumo.] To take in. [Not used.]

Evelyn.

Insuperability

INSUPERABIL'ITY, noun [from insuperable.] The quality of being insuperable. [Little used.]

Insuperable

INSU'PERABLE, adjective [Latin insuperabilis; in and superabilis, from supero, to overcome or surpass.]

1. That cannot be overcome or surmounted; insurmountable; as insuperable difficulties, objections or obstacles.

2. That cannot be passed over.

And middle natures, how they long to join,

Yet never pass th' insuperable line.

Pope.

The latter application is unusual. This word is rarely or never used in reference to an enemy, in the sense of invincible or unconquerable. We do not say that troops or enemies are insuperable; but the word is applied chiefly to difficulties, objections, obstacles or impediments.

Insuperableness

INSU'PERABLENESS, noun The quality of being insuperable or insurmountable.

Insuperably

INSU'PERABLY, adverb In a manner or degree not to be overcome; insurmountably.

Grew.

Insupportable

INSUPPORTABLE, adjective [French in and supportable.]

1. That cannot be supported or borne; as the weight or burden is insupportable.

2. That cannot be borne or endured; insufferable; intolerable. We say of heat or cold, insult, indignity or disgrace, it is insupportable.

Insupportableness

INSUPPORTABLENESS, noun The quality of being insupportable; insufferableness; the state of being beyond endurance.

Sidney.

Insupportably

INSUPPORTABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that cannot be supported or endured.

Dryden.

Insuppressible

INSUPPRESS'IBLE, adjective Not to be suppressed or concealed.

Young.

Insuppressive

INSUPPRESS'IVE, adjective Not to be suppressed.

Shak.

Insurable

INSU'RABLE, adjective [from insure.] That may be insured against loss or damage; proper to be insured.

The French law annuls the latter policies so far as they exceed the insurable interest which remained in the insured at the time of the subscription thereof.

Walsh.

Insurance

INSU'RANCE, noun [from insure.] The act of insuring or assuring against loss or damage; or a contract by which one engages for a stipulated consideration or premium per cent. to make up a loss which another may sustain. Insurance is usually made on goods or property exposed to uncommon hazard, or on lives.

2. The premium paid for insuring property or life.

Insurance company, a company or corporation whose business is to insure against loss or damage.

Insurancer

INSU'RANCER, noun An underwriter. [Not in use.]

Insure

INSU'RE, v. t. inshu're. [in and sure. The French use assurer; we use indifferently assure or insure.]

To make sure or secure; to contract or covenant for a consideration to secure a person against loss; or to engage to indemnify another for the loss of any specified property, at a certain stipulated rate per cent., called a premium. The property usually insured is such as is exposed to extraordinary hazard. Thus the merchant insures his ship or its cargo, or both, against the dangers of the sea; houses are insured against fire; sometimes hazardous debts are insured, and sometimes lives.

Insure

INSU'RE, verb intransitive To underwrite; to practice making insurance. This company insures at 3 per cent., or at a low premium.

Insured

INSU'RED, participle passive Made sure; assured; secured against loss.

Insurer

INSU'RER, noun One who insures; the person who contracts to pay the losses of another for a premium; an underwriter.

Insurgent

INSURG'ENT, adjective [Latin insurgens; in and surgo, to rise.]

Rising in opposition to lawful civil or political authority; as insurgent chiefs.

Stephens.

Insurgent

INSURG'ENT, noun A person who rises in opposition to civil or political authority; one who openly and actively resists the execution of laws. [See Insurrection.] An insurgent differs from a rebel. The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law or laws; the rebel attempts to overthrow or change the government, or he revolts and attempts to place his country under another jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents, but all insurgents are not rebels.

Insuring

INSU'RING, participle of the present tense Making secure; assuring against loss; engaging to indemnify for losses.

Insurmountable

INSURMOUNT'ABLE, adjective [French insurmontable. See Surmount.]

1. Insuperable; that cannot be surmounted or overcome; as an insurmountable difficulty, obstacle or impediment.

2. Not to be surmounted; not to be passed by ascending; as an insurmountable wall or rampart.

Insurmountably

INSURMOUNT'ABLY, adverb In a manner or degree not to be overcome.

Insurrection

INSURREC'TION, noun [Latin insurgo; in and surgo, to rise.]

1. A rising against civil or political authority; the open and active opposition of a number of persons to the execution of law in a city or state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition expresses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs from rebellion, for the latter expresses a revolt, or an attempt to overthrow the government, to establish a different one or to place the country under another jurisdiction. It differs from mutiny, as it respects the civil or political government; whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to law in the army or navy. Insurrection is however used with such latitude as to comprehend either sedition or rebellion.

It is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. Ez. 4.

2. A rising in mass to oppose an enemy. [Little used.]

Insurrectional

INSURREC'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to insurrection; consisting in insurrection.

Amer. Review.

Insurrectionary

INSURREC'TIONARY, adjective Pertaining or suitable to insurrection.

Burke.

Insusceptibility

INSUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, noun [from insusceptible.]

Want of susceptibility, or capacity to feel or perceive.

Med. Repos.

Insusceptible

INSUSCEPT'IBLE, adjective [in and susceptible.]

1. Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected or impressed; as a limb insusceptible of pain; a heart insusceptible of pity.

2. Not capable of receiving or admitting.

Insusurration

INSUSURRA'TION, noun [Latin insusurro.] The act of whispering into something.

Intactable

INTACT'ABLE, adjective [Latin intactum; in and tactum, tango, to touch.] Not perceptible to the touch.

Dict.

Intagliated

INTAGLIATED, a. intal'yated. [See Intaglio.] Engraved or stamped on.

Warton.

Intaglio

INTAGLIO, n. intal'yo. [Italian from intagliare, to carve; in and tagliare, to cut, French tailler.]

Literally, a cutting or engraving; hence, any thing engraved, or a precious stone with a head or an inscription engraved on it.

Addison.

Intangible

INTANG'IBLE, adjective [in and tangible.] That cannot or may not be touched.

Wilkins.

2. Not perceptible to the touch.

A corporation is an artificial, invisible, intangible being.

Marshall.

Intangibleness

INTAN'GIBLENESS, or INTANGIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being intangible.

Intastable

INTASTABLE, adjective [in and tastable, taste.] That cannot be tasted; that cannot affect the organs of taste.

Grew.

Integer

IN'TEGER, noun [Latin See Entire.] The whole of any thing; particularly, in arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a fraction. Thus in the number 54. 7, in decimal arithmetic, 54 is an integer, and 7 a fraction, or seven tenths of a unit.

Integral

IN'TEGRAL, adjective [French from integer.] Whole; entire.

Bacon.

A local motion keepeth bodies integral.

Bacon.

2. Making part of a whole, or necessary to make a whole.

3. Not fractional.

4. Uninjured; complete; not defective.

Holder.

Integral

IN'TEGRAL, noun A whole; an entire thing.

Integrality

INTEGRAL'ITY, noun Entireness. [Not used.]

Whitaker.

Integrally

IN'TEGRALLY, adverb Wholly; completely.

Whitaker.

Integrant

IN'TEGRANT, adjective Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire thing.

Burke.

Integrant particles of bodies, are those into which bodies are reduced by solution or mechanical division, as distinct from elementary particles.

Integrate

IN'TEGRATE, verb transitive [Latin integro.] To renew; to restore; to perfect; to make a thing entire.

South.

Integrated

IN'TEGRATED, participle passive Made entire.

Integration

INTEGRA'TION, noun The act of making entire.

Integrity

INTEG'RITY, noun [French integritÃƒ-©; Latin integritas, from integer.]

1. Wholeness; entireness; unbroken state. The constitution of the U. States guaranties to each state the integrity of its territories. The contracting parties guarantied the integrity of the empire.

2. The entire, unimpaired state of any thing, particularly of the mind; moral soundness or purity; incorruptness; uprightness; honesty. Integrity comprehends the whole moral character, but has a special reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfers of property, and agencies for others.

The moral grandeur of independent integrity is the sublimest thing in nature, before which the pomp of eastern magnificence and the splendor of conquest are odious as well as perishable.

Buckminster.

3. Purity; genuine, unadulterated, unimpaired state; as the integrity of language.

Integumation

INTEGUMA'TION, noun [Latin intego, to cover.]

That part of physiology, which treats of the integuments of animals and plants.

Encyc.

Integument

INTEG'UMENT, noun [Latin integumentum, intego, to cover; in and tego. See Deck.]

That which naturally invests or covers another thing; but appropriately and chiefly, in anatomy, a covering which invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that invests a particular part. The skin of seeds and the shells of crustaceous animals are denominated integuments.

Encyc.

Intellect

IN'TELLECT, noun [French from Latin intellectus, from intelligo, to understand. See Intelligence.]

That faculty of the human soul or mind, which receives or comprehends the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by perception, or by other means; the faculty of thinking; otherwise called the understanding. A clear intellect receives and entertains the same ideas which another communicates with perspicuity.

Intellection

INTELLEC'TION, noun [French from Latin intellectio, from intelligo.]

The act of understanding; simple apprehension of ideas.

Bentley.

Intellective

INTELLECT'IVE, adjective [French intellectif.] Having power to understand.

Glanville.

2. Produced by the understanding.

Harris.

3. To be perceived by the understanding, not by the senses.

Milton.

Intellectual

INTELLECT'UAL, adjective [French intellectuel.]

1. Relating to the intellect or understanding; belonging to the mind; performed by the understanding; mental; as intellectual powers or operations.

2. Ideal; perceived by the intellect; existing in the understanding; as an intellectual scene.

Pope.

3. Having the power of understanding; as an intellectual being.

4. Relating to the understanding; treating of the mind; as intellectual philosophy, now sometimes called mental philosophy.

Intellectual

INTELLECT'UAL, noun The intellect or understanding. [Little used.]

Milton.

Intellectualist

INTELLECT'UALIST, noun One who overrates the understanding.

Bacon.

Intellectuality

INTELLECTUAL'ITY, noun The state of intellectual power. [Not used.]

Hallywell.

Intellectually

INTELLECT'UALLY, adverb By means of the understanding.

Intelligence

INTEL'LIGENCE, noun [French from Latin intelligentia, from intelligo, to understand. This verb is probably composed of in, inter, or intus, within, and lego, to collect. The primary sense of understand is generally to take or hold, as we say, to take one's ideas or meaning.]

1. Understanding; skill.

Spenser.

2. Notice; information communicated; an account of things distant or before unknown. Intelligence may be transmitted by messengers, by letters, by signals or by telegraphs.

3. Commerce of acquaintance; terms of intercourse. Good intelligence between men is harmony. So we say, there is a good understanding between persons, when they have the same views, or are free from discord.

4. A spiritual being; as a created intelligence. It is believed that the universe is peopled with innumerable superior intelligences.

Intelligence

INTEL'LIGENCE, verb transitive To inform; to instruct. [Little used.]

Intelligenced

INTEL'LIGENCED, participle passive Informed; instructed. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Intelligence-Office

INTEL'LIGENCE-OFFICE, noun An office or place where information may be obtained, particularly respecting servants to be hired.

Intelligencer

INTEL'LIGENCER, noun One who sends or conveys intelligence; one who gives notice of private or distant transactions; a messenger.

Bacon. Addison.

2. A public paper; a newspaper.

Intelligencing

INTEL'LIGENCING, participle of the present tense or adjective Giving or conveying notice to from a distance.

Intelligent

INTEL'LIGENT, adjective [French from Latin intelligens.]

1. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason. Man is an intelligent being.

2. Knowing; understanding; well informed; skilled; as an intelligent officer; an intelligent young man; an intelligent architect; sometimes followed by of; as intelligent of seasons.

Milton.

2. Giving information. [Not used nor proper.]

Shak.

Intelligential

INTELLIGEN'TIAL, adjective Consisting of unbodied mind.

Food alike those pure

Intelligential substances require.

Milton.

2. Intellectual; exercising understanding.

Milton.

Intelligibility

INTELLIGIBIL'ITY, or INTEL'LIGIBLENESS, noun [from intelligible.] The quality or state of being intelligible; the possibility of being understood.

Locke. Tooke.

Intelligible

INTEL'LIGIBLE, adjective [French from Latin intelligibilis.]

That may be understood or comprehended; as an intelligible account. The rules of human duty are intelligible to minds of the smallest capacity.

Intelligibly

INTEL'LIGIBLY, adverb In a manner to be understood; clearly; plainly; as, to write or speak intelligibly.

Intemerate

INTEM'ERATE, adjective [Latin intemeratus.] Pure; undefiled. [Not in use.]

Intemerateness

INTEM'ERATENESS, noun State of being unpolluted. [Not used.]

Donne.

Intemperament

INTEM'PERAMENT, noun [in and temperament.]

A bad state or constitution; as the intemperament of an ulcerated part.

Harvey.

Intemperance

INTEM'PERANCE, noun [French from Latin intemperantia.]

1. In a general sense, want of moderation or due restraint; excess in any kind of action or indulgence; any exertion of body or mind, or any indulgence of appetites or passions which is injurious to the person or contrary to morality; as intemperance in study or in labor, in eating or drinking, or in any other gratification. Hence, appropriately and emphatically,

2. Habitual indulgence in drinking spirituous liquors, with or without intoxication.

Should a foreign army land on our shores, to levy such a tax upon us as intemperance leviesÃ‚--no mortal power could resist the swelling tide of indignation that would overwhelm it.

Latin Beecher.

Intemperate

INTEM'PERATE, adjective [Latin intemperatus; in and temperatus, from tempero, to moderate or restrain.]

1. Not moderate or restrained within due limits; indulging to excess any appetite or passion, either habitually or in a particular instance; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion. A man may be intemperate in passion, intemperate in labor, intemperate in study or zeal. Hence by customary application, intemperate denotes indulging to excess in the use of food or drink, but particularly in the use of spirituous liquors, Hence,

2. Addicted to an excessive or habitual use of spirituous liquors.

3. Passionate; ungovernable.

Shak.

4. Excessive; exceeding the convenient mean or degree; as an intemperate climate. The weather may be rendered intemperate by violent winds, rain or snow, or by excessive cold or heat.

Intemperate

INTEM'PERATE, verb transitive To disorder. [Not in use.]

Whitaker.

Intemperately

INTEM'PERATELY, adverb With excessive indulgence of appetite or passion; with undue exertion; immoderately; excessively.

Intemperateness

INTEM'PERATENESS, noun Want of moderation; excessive degree of indulgence; as the intemperateness of appetite or passion.

2. Immoderate degree of any quality in the weather, as in cold, heat or storms.

Intemperature

INTEM'PERATURE, noun Excess of some quality.

Intempestive

INTEMPEST'IVE, adjective [Latin intempestivus.] Untimely. [Not used.]

Burton.

Intempestively

INTEMPEST'IVELY, adverb Unseasonably. [Not used.]

Intempestivity

INTEMPESTIV'ITY, noun Untimeliness. [Not used.]

Intenable

INTEN'ABLE, adjective [in and tenable.] That cannot be held or maintained; that is not defensible; as an intenable opinion; an intenable fortress.

Warburton.

[Untenable, though not more proper, is more generally used.]

Intend

INTEND', verb transitive [Latin intendo; in and tendo, to stretch or strain, from teneo, Greek, to stretch.]

1. To stretch; to strain; to extend; to distend.

By this the lungs are intended or remitted.

Hale.

[This literal sense is now uncommon.]

2. To mean; to design; to purpose, that is, to stretch or set forward in mind. [This is now the usual sense.]

For they intended evil against thee. Psalm 21.

3. To regard; to fix the mind on; to attend; to take care of.

Having no children, she did with singular care and tenderness intend the education of Philip.

Bacon.

[This use of the word is now obsolete. We now use tend and superintend or regard.]

4. To enforce; to make intense.

Brown.

Intendant

INTEND'ANT, noun [French from Latin intendo.]

1. One who has the charge, oversight, direction or management of some public business; as an intendant of marine; an intendant of finance: a word much used in France, and sometimes in England and America, but we generally use in lieu of it superintendent.

2. In Charleston, S. Carolina, the mayor or chief municipal officer of the city.

Intended

INTEND'ED, participle passive Designed; purposed; as, the insult was intended.

2. Stretched; made intense. [Little used.]

Intender

INTEND'ER, participle passive One who intends.

Intendiment

INTEND'IMENT, noun Attention; understanding; consideration. Obs.

Intending

INTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Meaning; designing; purposing.

2. Stretching; distending. [Little used.]

Intendment

INTEND'MENT, noun [French entendement, with a sense somewhat different.]

Intention; design; in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law, or of any legal instrument. In the construction of statutes or of contracts, the intendment of the same is, if possible, to be ascertained, that is, the true meaning or intention of the legislator or contracting party.

Intenerate

INTEN'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin in and tener, tender.] To make tender; to soften.

Autumn vigor gives,

Equal, intenerating, milky grain.

Philips.

Intenerated

INTEN'ERATED, participle passive Made tender or soft.

Intenerating

INTEN'ERATING, participle of the present tense Making tender.

Inteneration

INTENERA'TION, noun The act of making soft or tender.

Bacon.

[Intenerate and its derivatives are little used.]

Intense

INTENSE, a. intens'. [Latin intensus, from intendo, to stretch.]

1. Literally, strained, stretched; hence, very close, strict, as when the mind is fixed or bent on a particular subject; as, intense study or application; intense thought.

2. Raised to a high degree; violent; vehement; as intense heat.

3. Very severe or keen; as intense cold.

4. Vehement; ardent; as intense phrases in language.

5. Extreme in degree.

The doctrine of the atonement supposes that the sins of men were so laid on Christ, that his sufferings were inconceivably intense and overwhelming.

S. E. Dwight.

6. Kept on the stretch; anxiously attentive; opposed to remiss.

Milton.

Intensely

INTENSELY, adv. intens'ly. To an extreme degree; vehemently; as a furnace intensely heated; weather intensely cold.

2. Attentively; earnestly.

Spenser.

Intenseness

INTENSENESS, n. intens'ness. The state of being strained or stretched; intensity; as the intenseness of a cord.

2. The state of being raised or concentrated to a great degree; extreme violence; as the intenseness of heat or cold.

3. Extreme closeness; as the intenseness of study or thought.

Intension

INTEN'SION, noun [Latin intensio.] A straining, stretching or bending; the state of being strained; as the intension of a musical string.

2. Increase of power or energy of any quality; opposed to remission.

Intensity

INTENS'ITY, noun [French intensitÃƒ-©.] The state of being strained or stretched; intenseness, as of a musical chord.

2. The state of being raised to a great degree; extreme violence; as the intensity of heat.

3. Extreme closeness; as intensity of application.

4. Excess; extreme degree; as the intensity of guilt.

Burke.

Intensive

INTENS'IVE, adjective Stretched, or admitting of extension.

2. Intent; unremitted; assiduous; as intensive circumspection.

Wotton.

3. Serving to give force or emphasis; as an intensive particle or preposition.

Intensively

INTENS'IVELY, adverb By increase of degree; in a manner to give force.

Bramhall.

Intent

INTENT', adjective [Latin intentus, from intendo. See Intend.]

Literally, having the mind strained or bent on an object; hence, fixed closely; sedulously applied; eager in pursuit of an object; anxiously diligent; formerly with to, but now with on; as intent on business or pleasure; intent on the acquisition of science.

Be intent and solicitous to take up the meaning of the speakerÃ‚--

Watts.

Intent

INTENT', noun Literally, the stretching of the mind towards an object; hence, a design; a purpose; intention; meaning; drift; aim; applied to persons or things.

The principal intent of Scripture is to deliver the laws of duties supernatural.

Hooker.

I ask therefore, for what intent ye have sent for me? Acts 10.

To all intents, in all senses; whatever may be designed.

He was miserable to all intents and purposes.

L'Estrange.

Intention

INTEN'TION, noun [French from Latin intentio. See Intend.]

1. Primarily, a stretching or bending of the mind towards an object; hence, uncommon exertion of the intellectual faculties; closeness of application; fixedness of attention; earnestness.

Intention is when the mind, with great earnestness and of choice, fixes its view on any idea, considers it on every side, and will not be called off by the ordinary solicitation of other ideas.

Locke.

2. Design; purpose; the fixed direction of the mind to a particular object, or a determination to act in a particular manner. It is my intention to proceed to Paris.

3. End or aim; the object to be accomplished.

In chronical distempers, the principal intention is to restore the tone of the solid parts.

Arbuthnot.

4. The state of being strained. [See Intension.]

Intentional

INTEN'TIONAL, adjective Intended; designed; done with design or purpose. The act was intentional, not accidental.

Intentionally

INTEN'TIONALLY, adverb By design; of purpose; not casually.

Intentioned

INTEN'TIONED, in composition; as well-intentioned, having good designs, honest in purpose; ill-intentioned, having ill designs.

Milner. Chaldee Obs.

Intentive

INTENT'IVE, adjective Attentive; having the mind closely applied.

Bacon.

[This word is nearly superseded by attentive.]

Intentively

INTENT'IVELY, adverb Closely; with close application.

Bp. Hall.

Intentiveness

INTENT'IVENESS, noun Closeness of attention or application of mind.

Welsh Mountague.

Intently

INTENT'LY, adverb With close attention or application; with eagerness or earnestness; as the mind intently directed to an object; the eyes intently fixed; the man is intently employed in the study of geology.

Intentness

INTENT'NESS, noun The state of being intent; close application; constant employment of the mind.

Swift.

Inter

IN'TER, a Latin preposition, signifying among or between; used as a prefix.

Inter

INTER', verb transitive [French enterrer; en and terre, Latin terra, the earth; Spanish enterrar; Italian interrare.]

1. To bury; to deposit and cover in the earth; as, to inter a dead animal body.

2. To cover with earth.

But it is used almost exclusively to denote the depositing and covering of dead animal bodies.

Interact

IN'TERACT, noun [inter and act.] Intermediate employment or time; a short piece between others.

Chesterfield.

Interamnian

INTERAM'NIAN, adjective [Latin inter and amnis, river.] Situated between rivers.

Bryant.

Interanimate

INTERAN'IMATE, verb transitive To animate mutually. [Little used.]

Donne.

Interbastation

INTERBASTA'TION, noun [Spanish bastear, to baste.] Patch-work. [Not in use.]

Smith.

Intercalar

INTER'CALAR, or INTER'CALARY, adjective [French intercalaire; Latin intercalarius; inter and calo, to call or proclaim.]

Inserted; an epithet given to the odd day inserted in leap year. The twenty ninth of February in leap year is called the intercalary day. We read in Livy of an intercalary month.

Intercalate

IN'TERCALATE, verb transitive [Latin intercalo; inter and calo, to call.]

To insert an extraordinary day or other portion of time.

Intercalated

IN'TERCALATED, participle passive Inserted.

Intercalating

IN'TERCALATING, participle of the present tense Inserting.

Intercalation

INTERCALA'TION, noun [Latin intercalatio.] The insertion of an odd or extraordinary day in the calendar, as the 29th of February in leap year.

Intercede

INTERCE'DE, verb intransitive [Latin intercedo; inter and cedo; literally, to move or pass between.]

1. To pass between.

He supposes that a vast period interceded between that origination and the age in which he lived.

Hale.

2. To mediate; to interpose; to make intercession; to act between parties with a view to reconcile those who differ or contend; usually followed by with.

Calamy.

3. To plead in favor of one.

Intercedent

INTERCE'DENT, adjective Passing between; mediating; pleading for.

Interceder

INTERCE'DER, noun One who intercedes or interposes between parties, to effect a reconciliation; a mediator; an intercessor.

Interceding

INTERCE'DING, participle of the present tense Mediating; pleading.

Intercept

INTERCEPT', verb transitive [French intercepter; Latin interceptus, intercipio, to stop; inter and capio, to take.]

1. To take or seize on by the way; to stop on its passage; as, to intercept a letter. The prince was intercepted at Rome. The convoy was intercepted by a detachment of the enemy.

2. To obstruct; to stop in progress; as, to intercept rays of light; to intercept the current of a river, or a course of proceedings.

3. To stop, as a course or passing; as, to intercept a course.

Dryden.

4. To interrupt communication with, or progress towards.

While storms vindictive intercept the shore.

Pope.

5. To take, include or comprehend between.

Right ascension is an arch of the equator, reckoning towards the east, intercepted between the beginning of Aries, and the point of the equator which rises at the same time with the sun or star in a right sphere.

Bailey.

Intercepted

INTERCEPT'ED, participle passive Taken on the way; seized in progress; stopped.

Intercepter

INTERCEPT'ER, noun One who intercepts.

Intercepting

INTERCEPT'ING, participle of the present tense Seizing on its passage; hindering from proceeding; comprehending between.

Interception

INTERCEP'TION, noun The act of seizing something on its passage; a stopping; obstruction of a course or proceeding; hinderance.

Wotton.

Intercession

INTERCES'SION, noun [French from Latin intercessio, from intercedo. See Intercede.]

The act of interceding; mediation; interposition between parties at variance, with a view to reconciliation; prayer or solicitation to one party in favor of another, sometimes against another.

Your intercession now is needless grown;

Retire and let me speak with her alone.

Dryden.

He bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. Isaiah 53.

Intercessor

INTERCES'SOR, noun [Latin See Intercede.]

1. A mediator; one who interposes between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them; one who pleads in behalf of another.

Milton.

2. A bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishopric till a successor is elected.

Encyc.

Intercessory

INTERCES'SORY, adjective Containing intercession; interceding.

Interchain

INTERCHA'IN, verb transitive [inter and chain.] To chain; to link together.

Shak.

Interchained

INTERCHA'INED, participle passive Chained together.

Interchaining

INTERCHA'INING, participle of the present tense Chaining or fastening together.

Interchange

INTERCHANGE, verb transitive [inter and change.]

1. To put each in the place of the other; to give and take mutually; to exchange; to reciprocate; as, to interchange places; to interchange cares or duties.

I shall interchange

My waned state for Henry's regal crown.

Shak.

2. To succeed alternately.

Sidney.

Interchange

IN'TERCHANGE, noun Mutual change, each giving and receiving; exchange; permutation of commodities; barter; as the interchange of commodities between New York and Liverpool.

2. Alternate succession; as the interchange of light and darkness.

Sweet interchange

Of hill and valley, rivers, woods and plains.

Milton.

3. A mutual giving and receiving; reciprocation; as an interchange of civilities or kind offices.

Interchangeable

INTERCHANGEABLE, adjective That may be interchanged; that may be given and taken mutually.

Bacon.

2. Following each other in alternate succession; as the four interchangeable seasons.

Holder.

Interchangeableness

INTERCHANGEABLENESS, noun The state of being interchangeable.

Interchangeably

INTERCHANGEABLY, adverb Alternately; by reciprocation; in a manner by which each gives and receives.

Hooker.

Interchanged

INTERCHANGED, participle passive Mutually exchanged; reciprocated.

Interchangement

INTERCHANGEMENT, noun Exchange; mutual transfer. [Little used.]

Shak.

Interchanging

INTERCHANGING, participle of the present tense Mutually giving and receiving; taking each other's place successively; reciprocating.

Intercident

INTERCI'DENT, adjective [Latin intercido.] Falling or coming between.

Boyle.

Intercipient

INTERCIP'IENT, adjective [Latin intercipiens. See Intercept.] Intercepting; seizing by the way; stopping.

Intercipient

INTERCIP'IENT, noun He or that which intercepts or stops on the passage.

Wiseman.

Intercision

INTERCIS'ION, noun s as z. [Latin intercido; ? coedo, to cut.] Interruption. [Lit-?

Brown.

Interclude

INTERCLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin intercludo; inter and cludo, to shut.]

1. To shut from a place or course by something intervening; to intercept.

Holder.

2. To cut off; to interrupt.

Mitford.

Intercluded

INTERCLU'DED, participle passive Intercepted; interrupted.

Intercluding

INTERCLU'DING, participle of the present tense Interrupting.

Interclusion

INTERCLU'SION, noun s as z. Interception; a stopping.

Intercolumniation

INTERCOLUMNIA'TION, noun [Latin inter and columna, a column.]

In architecture, the space between two columns. By the rules of the art, this should be in proportion to the highth and bulk of the columns.

Encyc.

Intercommon

INTERCOM'MON, verb intransitive [inter and common.]

1. To feed at the same table.

Bacon.

2. To graze cattle in a common pasture; to use a common with others, or to possess or enjoy the right of feeding in common.

Common because of vicinage, is where the inhabitants of two townships contiguous to each other, have usually intercommoned with one another.

Blackstone.

Intercommoning

INTERCOM'MONING, participle of the present tense Feeding at the same table, or using a common pasture; enjoying a common field with others.

Intercommunicate

INTERCOMMU'NICATE, verb intransitive [inter and communicate.]

To communicate mutually; to hold mutual communication.

Intercommunication

INTERCOMMU'NICATION, noun Reciprocal communication.

Intercommunion

INTERCOMMU'NION, noun [inter and communion.]

Mutual communion; as an intercommunion of deities.

Faber.

Intercommunity

INTERCOMMU'NITY, noun [inter and community.]

A mutual communication or community; mutual freedom or exercise of religion; as the intercommunity of pagan theology.

Paley.

Intercostal

INTERCOST'AL, adjective [French from Latin inter, between, and costa, a rib.]

Placed or lying between the ribs; as an intercostal muscle, artery or vein.

Encyc.

Intercostal

INTERCOST'AL, noun A part lying between the ribs.

Derham.

Intercourse

IN'TERCOURSE, noun [Latin intercursus, intercurro; inter and curro, to run.] Literally, a running or passing between. Hence,

1. Communication; commerce; connection by reciprocal dealings between persons or nations, either in common affairs and civilities, in trade, or correspondence by letters. We have an intercourse with neighbors and friends in mutual visits and in social concerns; nations and individuals have intercourse with foreign nations or individuals by an interchange of commodities, by purchase and sale, by treaties, contracts, &c.

2. Silent communication or exchange.

This sweet intercourse

Of looks and smiles.

Milton.

Intercur

INTERCUR', verb intransitive [Latin intercurro.] To intervene; to come in the mean time.

Shelton.

Intercurrence

INTERCUR'RENCE, noun [Latin intercurrens, intercurro.] A passing or running between.

Boyle.

Intercurrent

INTERCUR'RENT, adjective [Latin intercurrens.]

1. Running between or among.

Boyle.

2. Occurring; intervening.

Barrow.

Intercutaneous

INTERCUTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin inter and cutis, the skin.] Being within or under the skin.

Interdeal

IN'TERDEAL, noun [inter and deal.] Mutual dealing; traffick.

Spenser.

Interdict

INTERDICT', verb transitive [Latin interdico, interdictum; inter and dico, to speak.]

1. To forbid; to prohibit. An act of congress interdicted the sailing of vessels from our ports. Our intercourse with foreign nations was interdicted.

2. To forbid communion; to cut off from the enjoyment of communion with a church.

An archbishop may not only excommunicate and interdict his suffragans, but his vicar-general may do the same.

Ayliffe.

Interdict

IN'TERDICT, noun [Latin interdictum.] Prohibition; a prohibiting order or decree.

2. A papal prohibition by which the clergy are restrained from performing divine service; a species of ecclesiastical censure. The pope has sometimes laid a whole kingdom under an interdict.

3. A papal prohibition by which persons are restrained from attending divine service, or prevented from enjoying some privilege.

Interdicted

INTERDICT'ED, participle passive Forbid; prohibited.

Interdicting

INTERDICT'ING, participle of the present tense Forbidding; prohibiting; cutting off from the enjoyment of some privilege.

Interdiction

INTERDIC'TION, noun [French from Latin interdictio.]

The act of interdicting; prohibition; prohibiting decree; curse.

Milton. Shak.

Interdictive

INTERDICT'IVE, adjective Having power to prohibit.

Interdictory

INTERDICT'ORY, adjective Serving to prohibit.

Interequinoctial

INTEREQUINOC'TIAL, adjective [inter and equinox.]

Coming between the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.

Spring and autumn I have denominated equinoctial periods. Summer and winter I have called interequinoctial intervals.

Balfour. Asiat. Res.

Interess

INTERESS, for interest, is obsolete.

Interest

IN'TEREST, verb transitive [French interesser; Italian interessare; Spanish interesar; Latin inter and esse.]

1. To concern; to affect; to excite emotion or passion, usually in favor, but sometimes against a person or thing. A narration of suffering interests us in favor of the sufferer. We are interested in the story or in the fate of the sufferer. We are interested to know the result, issue or event of an enterprise. It is followed by in or for. We are interested in the narration, but for the sufferer.

2. To give a share in. Christ, by his atonement, has interested believers in the blessings of the covenant of grace.

3. To have a share.

We are not all interested in the public funds, but we are all interested in the happiness of a free government.

4. To engage; as, to interest one in our favor.

To interest one's self, is to take a share or concern in.

Interest

IN'TEREST, noun Concern; advantage; good; as private interest; public interest.

Divisions hinder the common interest and public good.

Temple.

2. Influence over others. They had now lost their interest at court.

He knew his interest sufficient to procure the office.

Rambler.

3. Share; portion; part; participation in value. He has parted with his interest in the stocks. He has an interest in a manufactory of cotton goods.

4. Regard to private profit.

'Tis interest calls off all her sneaking train.

Pope.

5. Premium paid for the use of money; the profit per cent. derived from money lent, or property used by another person, or from debts remaining unpaid. Commercial states have a legal rate of interest. Debts on book bear an interest after the expiration of the credit. Courts allow interest in many cases where it is not stipulated. A higher rate of interest than that which the law allows, is called usury.

Simple interest is that which arises from the principal sum only.

Compound interest is that which arises from the principal with the interest added; interest on interest.

6. Any surplus advantage.

With all speed, You shall have your desires with interest.

Shak.

Interested

IN'TERESTED, participle passive Made a sharer; as one interested in the funds.

2. Affected; moved; having the passions excited; as one interested by a story.

3. adjective Having an interest; concerned in a cause or in consequences; liable to be affected; as an interested witness.

Interesting

IN'TERESTING, participle of the present tense Giving a share or concern; as by interesting one in a voyage, or in a banking company.

2. Engaging the affections; as by interesting a person in one's favor.

3. adjective Engaging the attention or curiosity; exciting emotions or passions; as an interesting story.

Interfere

INTERFE'RE, verb intransitive [Latin inter and fero, to bear, or ferio, to strike.]

1. To interpose; to intermeddle; to enter into or take a part in the concerns of others. It is prudence not to interfere in party disputes, but from necessity.

2. To clash; to come in collision; to be in opposition. The claims of two nations may interfere.

3. A horse is said to interfere, when one hoof or shoe strikes against the fetlock of the opposite leg, and breaks the skin or injures the flesh.

Far. Dict.

Interference

INTERFE'RENCE, noun Interposition; an intermeddling; mediation.

Burke.

2. A clashing or collision.

3. A striking of one foot against the other.

Interfering

INTERFE'RING, participle of the present tense Interposing; meddling.

2. Clashing; coming in collision.

3. Striking one foot against the fetlock of the opposite leg.

Interfering

INTERFE'RING, noun Interference.

Bp. Butler.

Interfluent

INTER'FLUENT, or INTER'FLUOUS, adjective [Latin interfluo; inter and fluo, to flow.]

Flowing between.

Boyle.

Interfoliaceous

INTERFOLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin inter and folium, a leaf.]

Being between opposite leaves, but placed alternately with them; as interfoliaceous flowers or peduncles.

Martyn.

Interfulgent

INTERFULG'ENT, adjective [Latin inter and fulgens, shining.] Shining between.

Johnson.

Interfused

INTERFU'SED, adjective s as z. [Latin interfusus; inter and fundo, to pour.] Poured or spread between.

The ambient air, wide interfused, Embracing round this florid earth.

Milton.

Interim

IN'TERIM, noun [Latin] The mean time; time intervening.

Tatler.

Interior

INTE'RIOR, adjective [Latin comp. formed from inter or intra, in or within.]

1. Internal; being within any limits, inclosure or substance; inner; opposed to exterior or superficial; as the interior apartments of a house; the interior ornaments; the interior surface of a hollow ball; the interior parts of the earth.

2. Inland; remote from the limits, frontier or shore; as the interior parts of a country, state or kingdom.

Interior

INTE'RIOR, noun The internal part of a thing; the inside.

2. The inland part of a country, state or kingdom.

Interjacency

INTERJA'CENCY, noun [Latin interjacens; inter and jacens, lying.]

1. A lying between; a being between; intervention; as the interjacency of the Tweed between England and Scotland.

Hale.

2. That which lies between. [Little used.]

Brown.

Interjacent

INTERJA'CENT, adjective [Latin interjacens, supra.] Lying or being between; intervening; as interjacent isles.

Raleigh.

Interject

INTERJECT', verb transitive [Latin interjicio; inter and jacio, to throw.]

To throw between; to throw in between other things; to insert.

A circumstanceÃ‚--may be interjected even between a relative word and that to which it relates.

Encyc.

Interjected

INTERJECT'ED, participle passive Thrown in or inserted between.

Interjecting

INTERJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing or inserting between.

Interjection

INTERJEC'TION, noun The act of throwing between.

2. A word in speaking or writing, thrown in between words connected in construction, to express some emotion or passion. ``These were delightful days, but, alas, they are no more.' [See Exclamation.]

Interjectional

INTERJECT'IONAL, adjective Thrown in between other words or phrases; as an interjectional remark.

Observer.

Interjoin

INTERJOIN', verb transitive [inter and join.] To join mutually; to intermarry. [Little used.]

Shak.

Interknowledge

INTERKNOWL'EDGE, noun [inter and knowledge.] Mutual knowledge. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Interlace

INTERLA'CE, verb transitive [French entrelacer; Italian intralciare; Spanish entrelazar. See Lace.]

To intermix; to put or insert one thing with another.

They interlaced some errors.

Hayward.

The epic way is every where interlaced with dialogue.

Dryden.

Interlaced

INTERLA'CED, participle passive Intermixed; inserted between other things.

Interlacing

INTERLA'CING, participle of the present tense Intermixing; inserting between.

Interlapse

INTERLAPSE, noun interlaps'. [inter and lapse.]

The lapse or flow of time between two events.

Harvey.

Interlard

INTERL`ARD, verb transitive [French entrelarder; entre, among, and larder, to lard.]

1. Primarily, to mix fat with lean; hence, to interpose; to insert between.

Carew.

2. To mix; to diversify by mixture.

Hale.

Interlarded

INTERL`ARDED, participle passive Interposed; inserted between; mixed.

Interlarding

INTERL`ARDING, participle of the present tense Inserting between; intermixing.

Interleaf

IN'TERLEAF, noun [See Leaf.] A leaf inserted between other leaves; a blank leaf inserted.

Chesterfield.

Interleave

INTERLE'AVE, verb transitive [inter and leaf.] To insert a leaf; to insert a blank leaf or blank leaves in a book, between other leaves.

Interleaved

INTERLE'AVED, participle passive Inserted between leaves, or having blank leaves inserted between other leaves.

Interleaving

INTERLE'AVING, participle of the present tense Inserting blank leaves between other leaves.

Interline

INTERLI'NE, verb transitive [inter and line.] To write in alternate lines; as, to interline Latin and English.

Locke.

2. To write between lines already written or printed, for the purpose of adding to or correcting what is written.

Swift.

Interlinear

INTERLIN'EAR, or INTERLIN'EARY, adjective [inter and linear.] Written between lines before written or printed.

Interlineary

INTERLIN'EARY, noun A book having insertions between the leaves.

Interlineation

INTERLINEA'TION, noun [inter and lineation.]

1. The act of inserting words or lines between lines before written or printed.

2. The words, passage or line inserted between lines before written or printed.

Interlined

INTERLI'NED, participle passive Written between lines; as an interlined word.

2. Containing a line or lines written between lines as an interlined manuscript.

Interlining

INTERLI'NING, participle of the present tense Writing between lines already written or printed.

Interlining

INTERLI'NING, noun Correction or alteration by writing between the lines.

Burnet.

Interlink

INTERLINK', verb transitive [inter and link.] To connect by uniting links; to join one chain to another.

Dryden.

Interlinked

INTERLINK'ED, participle passive Connected by union of links; joined.

Interlinking

INTERLINK'ING, participle of the present tense Connecting by uniting links; joining.

Interlocation

INTERLOCA'TION, noun A placing between; interposition.

Interlocution

INTERLOCU'TION, noun [Latin interlocutio; inter and locutio, loquor, to speak.]

1. Dialogue; conference; interchange of speech.

Hooker.

2. In law, an intermediate act or decree before final decision.

Ayliffe.

Interlocutor

INTERLOC'UTOR, noun [Latin interloquor, supra.]

1. One who speaks in dialogue; a dialogist.

Boyle.

2. In Scots law, an interlocutory judgment or sentence.

Encyc.

Interlocutory

INTERLOC'UTORY, adjective [French interlocutoire, supra.]

1. Consisting of dialogue.

There are several interlocutory discourses in the holy Scriptures.

Fiddes.

2. In law, intermediate; not final or definitive. An order, sentence, decree or judgment, given in an intermediate stage of a cause, or on some intermediate question before the final decision, is called interlocutory; as a decree in chancery referring a question of fact to a court of law, or a judgment on default in a court of law.

Blackstone.

Interlope

INTERLO'PE, verb intransitive [inter and Dutch loopen, German laufen, to run, to leap. See Leap.]

To run between parties and intercept the advantage that one should gain from the other; to traffick without a proper license; to forestall; to prevent right.

Johnson.

Interloper

INTERLO'PER, noun One who runs into business to which he has no right; one who interferes wrongfully; one who enters a country or place to trade without license.

Interloping

INTERLO'PING, participle of the present tense Interfering wrongfully.

Encyc.

Interlucate

INTERLU'CATE, verb transitive To let in light by cutting away branches of trees.

Interlucation

INTERLUCA'TION, noun The act of thinning a wood to let in light.

Evelyn.

Interlucent

INTERLU'CENT, adjective [Latin interlucens; inter and luceo, to shine.] Shining between.

Dict.

Interlude

IN'TERLUDE, noun [Latin inter and ludus, play.]

An entertainment exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or between the play and the afterpiece, to amuse the spectators, while the actors take breath and shift their dress, or the scenes and decorations are changed. In ancient tragedy, the chorus sung the interludes. In modern times, interludes consist of songs, feats of activity, dances, concerts of music, &c.

Encyc.

Interluder

IN'TERLUDER, noun One that performs in an interlude.

B. Jonson.

Interluency

INTERLU'ENCY, noun [Latin interluens, interluo, to flow between.]

A flowing between; water interposed. [Little used.]

Hale.

Interlunar

INTERLU'NAR, or INTERLU'NARY, adjective [Latin inter and luna, the moon.] Belonging to the time when the moon, at or near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible.

Brown. Milton.

Intermarriage

INTERMAR'RIAGE, noun [inter and marriage.]

Marriage between two families, where each takes one and gives another.

Johnson. Addison.

Intermarried

INTERMAR'RIED, participle passive Mutually connected by marriage.

Intermarry

INTERMAR'RY, verb intransitive [inter and marry.]

1. To marry one and give another in marriage, as two families.

2. To marry some of each order, family, tribe or nation with the other.

About the middle of the fourth century from the building of Rome, it was declared lawful for nobles and plebeians to intermarry.

Swift.

Intermarrying

INTERMAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Mutually giving and receiving in marriage; mutually connecting by marriage.

Intermean

IN'TERMEAN, noun [inter and mean.] Interact; something done in the mean time. [Not used.]

Todd.

Intermeation

INTERMEA'TION, noun [Latin inter and meo, to flow.] A flowing between. [Not in use.]

Intermeddle

INTERMED'DLE, verb intransitive [inter and meddle.] To meddle in the affairs of others, in which one has no concern; to meddle offciously; to interpose or interfere improperly.

The practice of Spain has been, by war and by conditions of treaty, to intermeddle with foreign states.

Bacon.

Intermeddler

INTERMED'DLER, noun One that interposes officiously; one who meddles, or intrudes into business to which he has no right.

Swift.

Intermeddling

INTERMED'DLING, participle of the present tense Interposing officiously; intruding.

Intermeddling

INTERMED'DLING, noun Officious interposition.

Hamilton.

Intermedial

INTERME'DIAL, adjective [Latin inter and medius, middle.]

Lying between; intervening; intervenient.

Evelyn.

Intermediary

INTERME'DIARY, noun [from intermediate.]

1. Interposition; intervention. [Not much used.]

Derham.

2. Something interposed.

Intermediate

INTERME'DIATE, adjective [French intermediat; Latin inter and medius, middle.]

Lying or being in the middle place or degree between two extremes; intervening; interposed; as an intermediate space between hills or rivers; intermediate colors. Man has an intermediate nature and rank between angels and brutes.

Intermediate

INTERME'DIATE, noun In chimistry, a substance which is the intermedium or means of chimical affinity, as an alkali, which renders oil combinable with water.

Intermediately

INTERME'DIATELY, adverb By way of intervention.

Intermediation

INTERMEDIA'TION, noun Intervention; common means.

Cheyne.

Intermedium

INTERME'DIUM, noun Intermediate space.

Ash.

2. An intervening agent.

Cowper.

Intermell

INTERMELL', verb transitive or i. [French entremÃƒ-ªler.]

To intermix or intermeddle. [Not in use.]

Marston. Fisher.

Interment

INTER'MENT, noun [from inter.] The act of depositing a dead body in the earth; burial; sepulture.

Intermention

INTERMEN'TION, verb transitive To mention among other things; to include. [Not used.]

Intermication

INTERMICA'TION, noun [Latin intermico; inter and mico, to shine.] A shining between or among.

Intermigration

INTERMIGRA'TION, noun [Latin inter and migro, to migrate.]

Reciprocal migration; removal from one country to another by men or tribes which take the place each of the other.

Hale.

Interminable

INTERM'INABLE, adjective [Latin in and terminus, end; termino, to end.]

Boundless; endless; admitting no limit; as interminable space or duration; interminable sufferings. Milton uses this word as an appellation of the Godhead.

Interminate

INTERM'INATE, adjective [Latin interminatus, intermino.]

Unbounded; unlimited; endless; as interminate sleep.

Chapman.

Interminate

INTERM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin interminor.] To menace. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Intermination

INTERMINA'TION, noun [Latin interminor, to menace or forbid.] A menace or threat. [Not used.]

Hall.

Intermingle

INTERMIN'GLE, verb transitive [inter and mingle.]

To mingle or mix together; to put some things with others.

Hooker.

Intermingle

INTERMIN'GLE, verb intransitive To be mixed or incorporated.

Intermingled

INTERMIN'GLED, participle passive Intermixed.

There trees and intermingled temples rise.

Pope.

Intermingling

INTERMIN'GLING, participle of the present tense Mingling or mixing together.

Intermission

INTERMIS'SION, noun [French from Latin intermissio. See Intermit.]

1. Cessation for a time; pause; intermediate stop; as, to labor without intermission; service or business will begin after an intermission of one hour.

2. Intervenient time.

Shak.

3. The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from remission or abatement of fever.

4. The state of being neglected; disuse; as of words. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Intermissive

INTERMIS'SIVE, adjective Coming by fits or after temporary cessations; not continual.

Howell.

Intermit

INTERMIT', verb transitive [Latin intermitto; inter and mitto, to send.]

To cause to cease for a time; to interrupt; to suspend.

Pray to the gods, to intermit the plague

That needs must light on this ingratitude.

Shak.

Intermit

INTERMIT', verb intransitive To cease for a time; to go off at intervals; as a fever. A tertian fever intermits every other day. The pulse sometimes intermits for a second of time.

Intermitted

INTERMIT'TED, participle passive Caused to cease for a time; suspended.

Intermittent

INTERMIT'TENT, adjective Ceasing at intervals; as an intermittent fever.

Intermittent

INTERMIT'TENT, noun A fever which entirely subsides or ceases at certain intervals. The ague and fever is called an intermittent.

Intermitting

INTERMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Ceasing for a time; pausing.

2. Causing to cease.

Intermittingly

INTERMIT'TINGLY, adverb With intermissions; at intervals.

Intermix

INTERMIX', verb transitive [inter and mix.] To mix together; to put some things with others; to intermingle.

In yonder spring of roses, intermix'd

With myrtle, find what to redress 'till noon.

Milton.

Intermix

INTERMIX', verb intransitive To be mixed together; to be intermingled.

Intermixed

INTERMIX'ED, participle passive Mingled together.

Intermixing

INTERMIX'ING, participle of the present tense Intermingling.

Intermixture

INTERMIX'TURE, noun A mass formed by mixture; a mass of ingredients mixed.

2. Admixture; something additional mingled in a mass.

In this height of impiety there wanted not an intermixture of levity and folly.

Bacon.

Intermontane

INTERMONT'ANE, adjective [Latin inter and montanus, mons a mountain.]

Between mountains; as intermontane soil.

Mease.

Intermundane

INTERMUND'ANE, adjective [Latin inter and mundanus, mundus, the world.]

Being between worlds or between orb and orb; as intermundane spaces.

Locke.

Intermural

INTERMU'RAL, adjective [Latin inter and muralis, murus, a wall.] Lying between walls.

Ainsworth.

Intermuscular

INTERMUSC'ULAR, adjective [inter and muscle.] Between the muscles.

Beverly.

Intermutation

INTERMUTA'TION, noun [inter and mutation.]

Interchange; mutual or reciprocal change.

Thomson.

Intermutual

INTERMU'TUAL, for mutual, is an illegitimate word.

Intern

INTERN', adjective Internal. [Not much used.]

Howell.

Internal

INTERN'AL, adjective [Latin internus.] Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; not external. We speak of the internal parts of a body, of a bone, of the earth, &c. Internal excellence is opposed to external. The internal peace of man, is peace of mind or conscience. The internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures, is the evidence which arises from the excellence of its precepts and their adaptation to the condition of man, or from other peculiarities.

2. Pertaining to the heart.

With our Savior, internal purity is every thing.

Paley.

3. Intrinsic; real; as the internal rectitude of actions.

4. Confined to a country; domestic; not foreign; as the internal trade of a state or kingdom; internal troubles or dissensions; internal war. Internal taxes are taxes on the lands and other property within a state or kingdom; opposed to external taxes.

Hamilton.

Internally

INTERN'ALLY, adverb Inwardly; within the body; beneath the surface.

2. Mentally; intellectually.

3. Spiritually.

International

INTERNA'TIONAL, adjective [inter and national.] Existing and regulating the mutual intercourse between different nations; as international law.

J. Q. Adams. Baring.

Internecine

INTERNE'CINE, adjective [Latin internecinus, interneco, to kill; inter and neco.] Deadly; destructive. [Little used.]

Hudibras.

Internecion

INTERNE'CION, noun [Latin internecio.] Mutual slaughter or destruction. [Little used.]

Hale.

Internection

INTERNEC'TION, noun Connection. [Useless.]

Welsh Mountague.

Internode

IN'TERNODE, noun [Latin internodium; inter and nodus, knot.]

In botany, the space between two joints of a plant.

Martyn.

Internuncio

INTERNUN'CIO, noun [Latin internuncius; inter and nuncius, a messenger.] A messenger between two parties.

Johnson.

Interosseal

INTEROS'SEAL, or INTEROS'SEOUS, adjective [Latin inter and os, a bone.] Situated between bones; as an interosseous ligament.

Interpeal

INTERPE'AL, verb transitive [Latin interpello.] To interrupt. [Not used.]

More.

Interpel

INTERPEL', verb transitive To set forth. [Not used.]

B. Jonson. Mason.

Interpellation

INTERPELLA'TION, noun [Latin interpellatio, interpello; inter and pello, to drive or thrust.] A summons; a citation.

Ayliffe.

2. Interruption.

More.

3. An earnest address; intercession.

Bp. Taylor.

Interplead

INTERPLE'AD, verb intransitive [inter and plead.] In law, to discuss a point incidentally happening, before the principal cause can be tried.

Jameson.

Interpleader

INTERPLE'ADER, noun A bill of interpleader, in chancery, is where a person owes a debt or rent to one of the parties in suit, but, till the determination of it, he knows not to which, and he desires that they may interplead or settle their claims between themselves, that he may be safe in the payment.

Blackstone.

Interpledge

INTERPLEDGE, verb transitive interplej'. To give and take as a mutual pledge.

Davenant.

Interpoint

INTERPOINT', verb transitive To point; to distinguish by stops or marks.

Interpolate

IN'TERPOLATE, verb transitive [French interpoler; Latin interpolo; inter and polio, to polish.]

1. To renew; to begin again; to carry on with intermission; as a succession of interpolated motions. Obs.

Hale.

2. To foist in; to insert, as a spurious word or passage in a manuscript or book; to add a spurious word or passage to the original.

The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law which was cited by Solon, or as some think, interpolated by him for that purpose.

Pope.

Interpolated

IN'TERPOLATED, participle passive Inserted or added to the original.

Interpolating

IN'TERPOLATING, participle of the present tense Foisting in a spurious word or passage.

Interpolation

INTERPOLA'TION, noun The act of foisting a word or passage into a manuscript or book.

2. A spurious word or passage inserted in the genuine writings of an author.

I have changed the situation of some of the Latin verses, and made some interpolations.

Cromwell to Pope.

3. In mathematics, that branch of analysis, which treats of the methods by which, when a series of quantities succeeding each other, and formed all according to some determinate law, are given, others subject to the same law may be interposed between them.

Ed. Encyc.

Interpolator

IN'TERPOLATOR, noun [Latin] One who foists into a book or manuscript, spurious words or passages; one who adds something to genuine writings.

Swift.

Interpolish

INTERPOL'ISH, verb transitive To polish between.

Interpone

INTERPO'NE, verb transitive [Latin inter and pono.] To set or insert between. [Not in use.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Interposal

INTERPO'SAL, noun s as z. [from interpose.]

1. The act of interposing; interposition; interference; agency between two persons.

South.

2. Intervention; a coming or being between.

Glanville.

Interpose

INTERPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French interposer; Latin interpono, interpositum; inter and pono, to place.]

1. To place between; as, to interpose a body between the sun and the earth.

2. To place between or among; to thrust in; to intrude, as an obstruction, interruption or inconvenience.

What watchful cares do interpose themselves

Betwixt your eyes and night.

Shak.

Human frailty will too often interpose itself among persons of the holiest function.

Swift.

3. To offer, as aid or services, for relief or the adjustment of differences. The emperor interposed his aid or services to reconcile the contending parties.

The common Father of mankind seasonably interposed his hand and rescued miserable manÃ‚--

Woodward.

Interpose

INTERPO'SE, verb intransitive To step in between parties at variance; to mediate. The prince interposed and made peace.

2. To put in by way of interruption.

But, interposes Eleutherius, this objection may be made against almost any hypothesis.

Boyle.

Interpose

INTERPO'SE, noun Interposal. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Interposed

INTERPO'SED, participle passive Placed between or among; thrust in.

Interposer

INTERPO'SER, noun One that interposes or comes between others; a mediator or agent between parties.

Interposing

INTERPO'SING, participle of the present tense Placing between; coming between; offering aid or services.

Interposit

INTERPOS'IT, noun A place of deposit between one commercial city or country and another.

Mitford.

Interposition

INTERPOSI'TION, noun [French from Latin interpositio.]

1. A being, placing or coming between; intervention; as the interposition of the Baltic sea between Germany and Sweden. The interposition of the moon between the earth and the sun occasions a solar eclipse.

2. Intervenient agency; as the interposition of the magistrate in quieting sedition. How many evidences have we of divine interposition in favor of good men!

3. Mediation; agency between parties. By the interposition of a common friend, the parties have been reconciled.

4. Any thing interposed.

Milton.

Interposure

INTERPO'SURE, noun Interposal. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Interpret

INTER'PRET, verb transitive [French interpreter; Latin interpretor, from interpres. The word is compounded of inter and pres, pretis; but the latter is not found in its simple form, and its origin is uncertain. It coincides in elements with or to part, to spread.]

1. To explain the meaning of words to a person who does not understand them; to expound; to translate unintelligible words into intelligible ones; as, to interpret the Hebrews language to an Englishman.

Ã‚--Immanuel, which being interpreted, signifies, God with us. Matthew 1.

2. To explain or unfold the meaning of predictions, visions, dreams or enigmas; to expound and lay open what is concealed from the understanding; as, Joseph interpreted the dream of Pharaoh.

3. To decipher.

4. To explain something not understood; as, to interpret looks or signs.

5. To define; to explain words by other words in the same language.

Interpretable

INTER'PRETABLE, adjective That may be interpreted or explained.

Collier.

Interpretation

INTERPRETA'TION, noun [French from Latin interpretatio.]

1. The act of interpreting; explanation of unintelligible words in language that is intelligible. Interpretation is the design of translation.

2. The act of expounding or unfolding what is not understood or not obvious; as the interpretation of dreams and prophecy.

Look how we can, or sad or merrily, Interpretation will misquote our looks.

Shak.

3. The sense given by an interpreter; exposition. We sometimes find various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture and other ancient writings.

4. The power of explaining.

Bacon.

Interpretative

INTER'PRETATIVE, adjective Collected or known by interpretation.

An interpretative siding with heretics.

Hammond.

2. Containing explanation.

Barrow.

Interpretatively

INTER'PRETATIVELY, adverb As may be collected by interpretation.

Ray.

Interpreted

INTER'PRETED, participle passive Explained; expounded.

Interpreter

INTER'PRETER, noun One that explains or expounds; an expositor; as an interpreter of the Scriptures.

2. A translator; one who renders the words of one language in words of corresponding signification in another.

Interpreting

INTER'PRETING. participle of the present tense Explaining; expounding; translating.

Interpunction

INTERPUNC'TION, noun [Latin interpunctio, interpungo; inter and pungo, to point.]

The making of points between sentences or parts of a sentence. But punctuation is generally used.

Interregnum

INTERREG'NUM, noun [Latin inter and regnum, rule or reign.]

The time in which a throne is vacant, between the death or abdication of a king and the accession of his successor. An iuterregnum, in strictness, can happen only in governments where the king is elective; for in hereditary kingdoms, the reign of the successor commences at the moment of his predecessor's death or demise. The word however is used with more latitude.

Interreign

INTERREIGN, noun interra'ne. [A translation of interregnum, French interregne.] An interregnum, or vacancy of the throne. [supra.]

Bacon.

Interrer

INTER'RER, noun [from inter.] One that inters or buries.

Interrex

IN'TERREX, noun [Latin inter and rex, king.] A regent; a magistrate that governs during an interregnum.

Interrogate

INTER'ROGATE, verb transitive [French interroger; Latin interrogo; inter and rogo, to ask.]

To question; to examine by asking questions; as, to interrogate a witness.

Interrogate

INTER'ROGATE, verb intransitive To ask questions.

Bacon.

Interrogated

INTER'ROGATED, participle passive Examined by questions.

Interrogating

INTER'ROGATING, participle of the present tense Asking questions of one; examining by questions.

Interrogation

INTERROGA'TION, noun The act of questioning; examination by questions.

2. A question put; inquiry.

Pope.

3. A note that marks a question; as, does Job serve God for naught?

Interrogative

INTERROG'ATIVE, adjective [French interrogatif.]

Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question; as an interrogative phrase or sentence.

Interrogative

INTERROG'ATIVE, noun A word used in asking questions; as who? what? which? why?

Interrogatively

INTERROG'ATIVELY, adverb In the form of a question.

Interrogator

INTER'ROGATOR, noun One who asks questions.

Interrogatory

INTERROG'ATORY, noun [French interrogatoire.]

A question or inquiry. In law, a particular question to a witness, who is to answer it under the solemnities of an oath. This may be in open court or before commissioners.

Interrogatory

INTERROG'ATORY, adjective Containing a question; expressing a question; as an interrogatory sentence.

Johnson.

Interrupt

INTERRUPT', verb transitive [Latin interrumpo, interruptus; inter and rumpo, to break.]

1. To stop or hinder by breaking in upon the course or progress of any thing; to break the current or motion of; as, a fall of rain interrupted our journey. There was not a tree nor a bush to interrupt the charge of the enemy. The speaker was interrupted by shouts of acclamation. We apply the word both to the agent and to his progress. We say, an alarm interrupted the speaker, or his argument or discourse.

2. To divide; to separate; to break continuity or a continued series. The road was on a plain, not interrupted by a single hill, or interrupted here and there by a hill.

Interrupt

INTERRUPT', adjective Broken; containing a chasm.

Milton.

Interrupted

INTERRUPT'ED, participle passive Stopped; hindered from proceeding.

Interruptedly

INTERRUPT'EDLY, adverb With breaks or interruptions.

Boyle.

Interrupter

INTERRUPT'ER, noun One that interrupts.

Interrupting

INTERRUPT'ING, participle of the present tense Hindering by breaking in upon.

Interruption

INTERRUP'TION, noun [French from Latin interruptio.]

1. The act of interrupting, or breaking in upon progression.

2. Breach of any thing extended; interposition; as an isle separated from the continent by the interruption of the sea.

Hale.

3. Intervention; interposition.

Lest the interruption of time cause you to lose the idea of one part.

Dryden.

4. Stop; hinderance; obstruction caused by breaking in upon any couse, current, progress or motion. An interruption may be temporary or durable. The work of the Erie canal has suffered few interruptions from storms and floods. The lava met with no interruption till it descended to the foot of the mountain. The author has met with many interruptions in the execution of his work. The speaker or the argument proceeds without interruption.

5. Stop; cessation; intermission.

Locke.

Interscapular

INTERSCAP'ULAR, adjective [Latin inter and scapula, the shoulder-blade.] Situated between the shoulders.

Interscind

INTERSCIND', verb transitive [Latin inter and scrido.]

To cut off.

Dict.

Interscribe

INTERSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin inter and scribo.]

To write between.

Dict.

Intersecant

INTERSE'CANT, adjective [Latin intersecans, interseco; inter and seco, to cut.] Dividing into parts; crossing.

Dict.

Intersect

INTERSECT', verb transitive [Latin interseco; inter, between, and seco, to cut.]

To cut or cross mutually; to divide into parts. Thus two lines or two planes may intersect each other. The ecliptic intersects the equator.

Intersect

INTERSECT', verb intransitive To meet and cross each other; as, the point where two lines intersect. [This is elliptical.]

Intersected

INTERSECT'ED, participle passive Cut or divided into parts; crossed.

Intersecting

INTERSECT'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting; crossing; as lines.

Intersection

INTERSEC'TION, noun [Latin intersectio.] The act or state of intersecting.

2. The point or line in which two lines or two planes cut each other.

Interseminate

INTERSEM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin interseminatus; inter, between, and semino, to sow.]

To sow between or among. [Little used.]

Intersert

INTERSERT', verb transitive [Latin intersero; inter, between, and sero, to throw.]

To set or put in between other things.

Brerewood.

Intersertion

INTERSER'TION, noun An insertion, or thing inserted between other things.

Hammond.

Interspace

IN'TERSPACE, noun [inter and space.] A space between other things.

Intersperse

INTERSPERSE, v. t. interspers'. [Latin interspersus; inter, between, and spargo, to scatter.]

To scatter or set here and there among other things; as an able argument interspersed with flowers of rhetoric. Intersperse shrubs among trees.

Interspersed

INTERSPERS'ED, participle passive Scattered or situated here and there among other things.

Interspersing

INTERSPERS'ING, participle of the present tense Scattering here and there among other things.

Interspersion

INTERSPER'SION, noun The act of scattering or setting here and there among other things.

Interstellar

INTERSTEL'LAR, adjective [Latin inter and stella, a star.]

Situated beyond the solar system.

Bacon.

Interstice

IN'TERSTICE, noun [French from Latin interstitium; inter and sto, to stand.]

1. A space between things; but chiefly, a narrow or small space between things closely set, or the parts which compose a body. We speak of the interstices between the teeth, or between the parts of wood or stone.

2. Time between one act and another; interval.

Ayliffe.

Interstinctive

INTERSTINCT'IVE, adjective Distinguishing. [Not used.]

Wallis.

Interstitial

INTERSTI'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to or containing interstices.

Encyc.

Interstratified

INTERSTRA'TIFIED, adjective Stratified among or between other bodies.

Encyc.

Intertalk

INTERTALK, v. t. intertauk'. To exchange conversation. [Not used.]

Carew.

Intertangle

INTERTAN'GLE, verb transitive To intertwist; to entangle.

Beaum.

Intertexture

INTERTEX'TURE, noun [Latin intertextus; inter and texo, to weave.]

The act of interweaving, or the state of things interwoven.

More.

Intertie

IN'TERTIE, or IN'TERDUCE, noun In carpentry, a small timber between summers.

Intertropical

INTERTROP'ICAL, adjective [inter and tropical.] Situated between the tropics.

J. Morse.

Intertwine

INTERTWI'NE, verb transitive [inter and twine.] To unite by twining or twisting one with another.

Milton.

Intertwined

INTERTWI'NED, participle passive Twined or twisted one with another.

Intertwining

INTERTWI'NING, participle of the present tense Twining one with another.

Intertwist

INTERTWIST', verb transitive [inter and twist.] To twist one with another.]

Intertwisted

INTERTWIST'ED, participle passive Twisted one with another.

Intertwisting

INTERTWIST'ING, participle of the present tense Twisting one with another.

Interval

IN'TERVAL, noun [French intervalle; Latin intervallum; inter and vallum, a wall, or vallus, a stake.]

1. A space between things; a void space intervening between any two objects; as an interval between two columns, between two pickets or palisades, between two houses or walls, or between two mountains or hills.

2. Space of time between any two points or events; as the interval between the death of Charles I. of England and the accession of Charles II.; the interval between two wars. Hence we say, an interval of peace.

3. The space of time between two paroxysms of disease, pain or delirium; remission; as an interval of ease, of peace, of reason.

4. The distance between two given sounds in music, or the difference in point of gravity or acuteness.

Encyc.

5. A tract of low or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of rivers, usually alluvial land enriched by the overflowings of rivers, or by fertilizing deposits of earth from the adjacent hills.

Hutchinson.

[Dr. Belknap writes this intervale; I think improperly.]

Interveined

INTERVEINED, adjective [inter and vein.] Intersected as with veins.

Fair champaign with less rivers interveined.

Milton.

Intervene

INTERVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin intervenio; inter and venio, to come.]

1. To come or be between persons or things; to be situated between. Thus the Atlantic intervenes between Europe and America; the Mediterranean intervenes between Europe and Africa.

2. To come between points of time or events; as the period that intervened between the treaty of Ryswick and the treaty of Utrecht.

3. To happen in a way to disturb, cross or interrupt. Events may intervene to frustrate our purposes or wishes.

4. To interpose or undertake voluntarily for another. A third party may intervene and accept a bill of exchange for another.

Intervene

INTERVE'NE, noun A coming between. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Intervenient

INTERVE'NIENT, adjective Coming or being between; intercedent; interposed. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Intervening

INTERVE'NING, participle of the present tense or adjective Coming or being between persons or things, or between points of time; as intervening space or time; intervening events or misfortunes; intervening peace.

Intervention

INTERVEN'TION, noun [French from Latin interventio.]

1. A state of coming or being between; interposition. Light is not interrupted by the intervention of a transparent body.

2. Agency of persons between persons; interposition; mediation; any interference that may affect the interests of others.

Let us decide our quarrels at home without the intervention of a foreign power.

Temple.

3. Agency of means or instruments; as, effects are produced by the intervention of natural causes.

4. Interposition in favor of another; a voluntary undertaking of one party for another. A bill of exchange may be accepted by the intervention of a third person in behalf of the drawer or of one of the indorsers.

French Commercial Code. Walsh.

Intervenue

INTERVEN'UE, noun [French intervenu.] Interposition. [Not used.]

Blount.

Intervert

INTERVERT', verb transitive [Latin interverto; inter and verto, to turn.]

To turn to another course or to another use. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Interview

IN'TERVIEW, noun [inter and view; French entrevue.]

A mutual sight or view; a meeting; usually a formal meeting for some conference on an important subject; hence the word implies a conference or mutual communication of thoughts. The envoy had an interview with the king or with the secretary of foreign affairs. The parties had an interview and adjusted their differences.

Intervolve

INTERVOLVE, v. t. intervolv'. [Latin intervolvo; inter and volvo, to roll.]

To involve one within another.

Milton.

Intervolved

INTERVOLV'ED, participle passive Involved one within another; wrapped together.

Intervolving

INTERVOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Involving one within another.

Interweave

INTERWE'AVE, verb transitive pret. interwove; pp. interwoven. [inter and weave.]

1. To weave together; to intermix or unite in texture or construction; as threads of silk and cotton interwoven.

2. To intermix; to set among or together; as a covert of interwoven trees.

3. To intermingle; to insert together; as, to interweave truth with falsehood.

Interweaving

INTERWE'AVING, participle of the present tense Weaving together.

Interweaving

INTERWE'AVING, noun Intertexture.

Milton.

Interwish

INTERWISH', verb transitive [inter and wish] To wish mutually to each other. [Little used.]

Donne.

Interworking

INTERWORK'ING, noun The act of working together.

Interwreathed

INTERWRE'ATHED, adjective Woven into a wreath.

Intestable

INTEST'ABLE, adjective [Latin intestabilis; in and testabilis; testis, a witness; testor, to testify.]

Not capable of making a will; legally unqualified or disqualified to make a testament; as, a person unqualified for want of discretion, or disqualified by loss of reason, is intestable.

Ayliffe.

Intestacy

INTEST'ACY, noun [from intestate.] The state of dying without making a will or disposing of one's effects.

Blackstone.

Intestate

INTEST'ATE, adjective [French intestat; Latin intestatus; in and testatus, testor, to make a will.]

1. Dying without having made a will. When a man dies intestate, his estate is committed for settlement to administrators.

2. Not devised; not disposed of by will; as an intestate estate.

Laws of Mass. and Conn.

Intestate

INTEST'ATE, noun A person who dies without making a will.

Blackstone.

Intestinal

INTEST'INAL, adjective [from intestine.] Pertaining to the intestines of an animal body; as the intestinal tube or canal.

Arbuthnot.

Intestine

INTEST'INE, adjective [French intestin; Latin intestinus, from intus, within.]

1. Internal; inward; opposed to external; applied to the human or other animal body; as an intestine disease.

2. Internal with regard to a state or country; domestic, not foreign; as intestine feuds; intestine war; intestine enemies. It is to be remarked that this word is usually or always applied to evils. We never say, intestine happiness or prosperity; intestine trade, manufactures or bills; but intestine broils, trouble, disorders, calamities, war, &c. We say, internal peace, welfare, prosperity, or internal broils, war, trade, &c. This restricted use of intestine seems to be entirely arbitrary.

Intestine

INTEST'INE, noun usually in the plural, intestines. The bowels; the canal or tube that extends, with convolutions, from the right orifice of the stomach to the anus.

Inthirst

INTHIRST, v. t. inthurst'. [in and thirst.] To make thirsty. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Inthrall

INTHRALL', verb transitive [in and thrall; Saxon threal, a servant; Irish traill.]

To enslave; to reduce to bondage or servitude; to shackle. The Greeks have been inthralled by the Turks.

She soothes, but never can inthrall my mind.

Prior.

Inthralled

INTHRALL'ED, participle passive Enslaved; reduced to servitude.

Inthralling

INTHRALL'ING, participle of the present tense Enslaving.

Inthrallment

INTHRALL'MENT, noun Servitude; slavery; bondage.

Milton.

Inthrone

INTHRO'NE, verb transitive [in and throne.] To seat on a throne; to raise to royalty or supreme dominion. [See Enthrone, which is the more common orthography.]

Inthronization

INTHRONIZA'TION, noun The act of enthroning. [Not in use.]

Inthronize

INTHRO'NIZE, verb transitive To enthrone. [Not in use.]

Intimacy

IN'TIMACY, noun [from intimate.] Close familiarity or fellowship; nearness in friendship.

Rogers.

Intimate

IN'TIMATE, adjective [Latin intimus, superl. of intus, or interus, within.]

1. Inmost; inward; internal; as intimate impulse.

Milton.

2. Near; close.

He was honored with an intimate and immediate admission.

South.

3. Close in friendship or acquaintance; familiar; as an intimate friend; intimate acquaintance.

Intimate

IN'TIMATE, noun A familiar friend or associate; one to whom the thoughts of another are entrusted without reserve.

Intimate

IN'TIMATE, verb intransitive To share together. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Intimate

IN'TIMATE, verb transitive [French intimer; Spanish intimar; Italian intimare; Low Latin intimo, to intimate, to register, to love entirely, to make one intimate, to enter, from intimus.]

To hint; to suggest obscurely, indirectly or not very plainly; to give slight notice of. He intimated his intention of resigning his office.

`Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter,

And intimates eternity to man.

Addison.

Intimated

IN'TIMATED, participle passive Hinted; slightly mentioned or signified.

Intimately

IN'TIMATELY, adverb Closely; with close intermixture and union of parts; as two fluids intimately mixed.

2. Closely; with nearness of friendship or alliance; as two friends intimately united; two families intimately connected.

3. Familiarly; particularly; as, to be intimately acquainted with facts or with a subject.

Intimating

IN'TIMATING, participle of the present tense Hinting; suggesting.

Intimation

INTIMA'TION, noun [French from intimate.] Hint; an obscure or indirect suggestion or notice; a declaration or remark communicating imperfect information. Our friend left us without giving any previous intimation of his design.

Intime

IN'TIME, adjective [Latin intimus.] Inward; internal. [Not used.]

Digby.

Intimidate

INTIM'IDATE, verb transitive [French intimider; in and Latin timidus, fearful; timeo, to fear.]

To make fearful; to inspire with fear; to dishearten; to abash.

Now guilt once harbor'd in the conscious breast,

Intimidates the brave, degrades the great.

Irene.

Intimidated

INTIM'IDATED, participle passive Made fearful; abashed.

Intimidating

INTIM'IDATING, participle of the present tense Making fearful; abashing.

Intimidation

INTIMIDA'TION, noun The act of making fearful; the state of being abashed.

Intinctivity

INTINCTIV'ITY, noun [Latin in and tinctus, dipped, stained.]

The want of the quality of coloring or tinging other bodies. Fuller's earth is distinguished from colorific earths by its intinctivity.

Kirwan.

Intire

INTIRE, INTIRELY. [See Entire and its derivatives.]

Intitle

INTITLE. [See Entitle.]

Into

IN'TO, preposition [in and to.] Noting entrance or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It follows verbs expressing motion. Come into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into another. Water enters into the fine vessels of plants.

2. Noting penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to it. Look into a letter or book; look into an apartment.

3. Noting insertion. Infuse more spirit or animation into the composition.

4. Noting mixture. Put other ingredients into the compound.

5. Noting inclusion. Put these ideas into other words.

6. Noting the passing of a thing from one form or state to another. Compound substances may be resolved into others which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into vapor. Men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance. We reduce many distinct substances into one mass. We are led by evidence into belief of truth. Men are often enticed into the commission of crimes. Children are sometimes frightened into fits, and we are all liable to be seduced into error and folly.

Intolerable

INTOL'ERABLE, adjective [French from Latin intolerabilis; in and tolerabilis, tolero, to bear.]

1. Not to be borne; that cannot be endured; as intolerable pain; intolerable heat or cold; an intolerable burden.

2. Insufferable; as intolerable laziness.

Intolerableness

INTOL'ERABLENESS, noun The quality of being not tolerable or sufferable.

Intolerably

INTOL'ERABLY, adverb To a degree beyond endurance; as intolerably cold; intolerably abusive.

Intolerance

INTOL'ERANCE, noun [from intolerant.] Want of toleration; the not enduring at all or not suffering to exist without persecution; as the intolerance of a prince or a church towards a religious sect.

Burke.

Intolerant

INTOL'ERANT, adjective [French from Latin in and tolero, to endure.]

1. Not enduring; not able to endure.

The powers of the human body being limited and intolerant of excesses.

Arbuthnot.

2. Not enduring difference of opinion or worship; refusing to tolerate others in the enjoyment of their opinions, rights and worship.

Intolerant

INTOL'ERANT, noun One who does not favor toleration.

Lowth.

Intolerated

INTOL'ERATED, adjective Not endured; not tolerated.

Chesterfield.

Intoleration

INTOLERA'TION, noun Intolerance; refusal to tolerate others in their opinions or worship.

Chesterfield.

Intomb

INTOMB, v. t. intoom'. [in and tomb.] To deposit in a tomb; to bury.

Dryden.

Intombed

INTOMBED, pp. intoom'ed. Deposited in a tomb; buried.

Intombing

INTOMBING, ppr. intoom'ing. Depositing in a tomb; interring.

Intonate

IN'TONATE, verb intransitive [Latin intono, intonatus; in and tono, to sound or thunder.]

1. To sound; to sound the notes of the musical scale.

2. To thunder.

Intonation

INTONA'TION, noun In music, the action of sounding the notes of the scale with the voice, or any other given order of musical tones.

Encyc.

2. The manner of sounding or tuning the notes of a musical scale.

3. In speaking, the modulation of the voice in expression.

Intone

INTO'NE, verb intransitive [Latin intono, supra.] To utter a sound, or a deep protracted sound.

Ass intones to ass.

Pope.

Intorsion

INTOR'SION, noun [Latin intorqueo, intorsum, to twist.]

A winding, bending or twisting. In botany, the bending or twining of any part of a plant towards one side or the other, or in any direction from the vertical.

Martyn.

Intort

INTORT', verb transitive [Latin intortus, from intorqueo, to twist.]

To twist; to wreath; to wind; to wring.

Pope.

Intorted

INTORT'ED, participle passive Twisted; made winding.

Arbuthnot. Pope.

Intorting

INTORT'ING, participle of the present tense Winding; twisting.

Intoxicate

INTOX'ICATE, verb transitive [in and Latin toxicum, which, Pliny informs us, is from taxa, a species of tree, in Greek,. Lib. xvi. 10.]

1. To inebriate; to make drunk; as with spirituous liquor.

As with new wine intoxicated both.

They swim in mirthÃ‚--

Milton.

2. To excite the spirits to a kind of delirium; to elate to enthusiasm, frenzy or madness. Success may sometimes intoxicate a man of sobriety. An enthusiast may be intoxicated with zeal.

Intoxicate

INTOX'ICATE, adjective Inebriated.

More.

Intoxicated

INTOX'ICATED, participle passive Inebriated; made drunk; excited to frenzy.

2. adjective Having qualities that produce inebriation; as intoxicating liquors.

Intoxication

INTOXICA'TION, noun Inebriation; ebriety; drunkenness; the act of making drunk.

South.

Intractable

INTRACT'ABLE, adjective [Latin intractabilis; in and tractabilis, tracto, to handle, manage, govern; French intraitable; Italian intrattabile.]

1. Not to be governed or managed; violent; stubborn; obstinate; refractory; as an intractable temper.

2. Not to be taught; indocile.

Intractableness

INTRACT'ABLENESS, or INTRACTABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being ungovernable; obstinacy; perverseness.

Porteus.

2. Indocility.

Intractably

INTRACT'ABLY, adverb In a perverse, stubborn manner.

Intrafoliaceous

INTRAFOLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin intra and folium, a leaf.]

In botany, growing on the inside of a leaf; as intrafoliaceous stipules.

Lee. Martyn.

Intrance

INTRANCE. [See Entrance.]

Intranquillity

INTRANQUIL'LITY, noun [in and tranquillity.]

Unquietness; inquietude; want of rest.

Temple.

Intransient

INTRAN'SIENT, adjective Not transient; not passing suddenly away.

Killingbeck.

Intransitive

INTRANS'ITIVE, adjective [Latin intransitivus; in and transeo, to pass over.]

In grammar, an intransitive verb is one which expresses an action or state that is limited to the agent, or in other words, an action that does not pass over to, or operate upon an object; as, I walk; I run; I sleep.

Intransitively

INTRANS'ITIVELY, adverb Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb.

Lowth.

Intransmissible

INTRANSMIS'SIBLE, adjective That cannot be transmitted.

J. P. Smith.

Intransmutability

INTRANSMUTABIL'ITY, noun The quality of not being transmutable.

Ray.

Intransmutable

INTRANSMU'TABLE, adjective [in and transmutable.]

That cannot be transmuted or changed into another substance.

Ray.

Intrant

IN'TRANT, adjective [Latin intrans.] Entering; penetrating.

Intreasure

INTREASURE, v. t. intrezh'ur. [in and treasure.]

To lay up as in a treasury. [Little used.]

Shak.

Intreatful

INTRE'ATFUL, adjective Full of entreaty.

Intrench

INTRENCH', verb transitive [in and French trancher, to cut. See Trench.]

1. To dig or cut a trench around a place, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet. The army intrenched their camp, or they were intrenched.

2. To furrow; to make hollows in.

His face

Deep scars of thunder had intrenched.

Milton.

To intrench on, literally, to cut into; hence, to invade; to encroach; to enter on and take possession of that which belongs to another. In the contest for power, the king was charged with intrenching on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching on the prerogatives of the crown.

Intrenchant

INTRENCH'ANT, adjective Not to be divided or wounded; indivisible. [Not used.]

Shak.

Intrenched

INTRENCH'ED, participle passive Fortified with a ditch and parapet.

Intrenching

INTRENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Fortifying with a trench and parapet.

Intrenchment

INTRENCH'MENT, noun Properly, a trench or ditch only; but as the earth thrown out of a trench forms a part, and often the most necessary and useful part of a fortification, hence intrenchment is generally understood to signify a ditch and parapet, and sometimes it signifies fascines covered with earth, gabions, bags filled with earth, or other materials collected to cover men from an enemy's fire.

On our side we have thrown up intrenchments on Winter and Prospect hills.

Washington.

Intrepid

INTREP'ID, adjective [Latin intrepidus; in and trepidus, trepido, to tremble.]

Literally, not trembling or shaking with fear; hence, fearless; bold; brave; undaunted; as an intrepid soldier.

Intrepidity

INTREPID'ITY, noun [French intrepiditÃƒ-©.] Fearlessness; fearless bravery in danger; undaunted courage or boldness. The troops engaged with intrepidity.

Intrepidly

INTREP'IDLY, adverb Without trembling or shrinking from danger; fearlessly; daringly; resolutely.

Pope.

Intricable

IN'TRICABLE, adjective Entangling. [Not in use.]

Shelton.

Intricacy

IN'TRICACY, noun [from intricate.] The state of being entangled; perplexity; involution; complication; as the intricacy of a knot, and figuratively, the intricacy of accounts, the intricacy of a cause in controversy, the intricacy of a plot.

Addison.

Intricate

IN'TRICATE, adjective [Latin intricatus, from intrico, to fold; in and tricor; Italian intrecciare. See Trick.]

Entangled; involved; perplexed; complicated; obscure. We passed through intricate windings. We found the accounts intricate. The case on trial is intricate. The plot of a tragedy may be too intricate to please.

Intricate

IN'TRICATE, verb transitive To perplex; to make obscure. [Little used.]

Camden.

Intricately

IN'TRICATELY, adverb With involution or infoldings; with perplexity or intricacy.

Wotton.

Intricateness

IN'TRICATENESS, noun The state of being involved; involution; complication; perplexity.

Sidney.

Intrication

INTRICA'TION, noun Entanglement. [Not used.]

Intrigue

INTRIGUE, n. intree'g. [French id.; Italian intrigo; verbs, French intriguer, to perplex, embroil, intrigue; Italian intricare, intrigare, to perplex, to make intricate; Low Latin intrico, intricor, to enwrap; tricor, to trifle, to show tricks; allied to Greek, hair or a lock of hair, as we should say, a plexus. In Dutch bedriegen, German betriegen, signify to cheat; Dutch driegen, to tack, to baste; German triegen, to deceive; trug, deceit, fraud. The primary sense seems to be to fold, lay over, or to draw together.]

1. A plot or scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect some purpose by secret artifices. An intrigue may be formed and prosecuted by an individual, and we often hear of the intrigues of a minister or a courtier, but often several projectors are concerned in an intrigue. The word is usually applied to affiars of love or of government.

2. The plot of a play or romance; a complicated scheme of designs, actions and events, intended to awaken interest in an audience or reader, and make them wait with eager curiosity for the solution or development.

3. Intricacy; complication. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Intrigue

INTRIGUE, v. i. intre'g. To form a plot or scheme, usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose by secret artifices. The courtier intrigues with the minister, and the lover with his mistress.

Intrigue

INTRIGUE, v. t. intree'g. To perplex or render intricate. [Not used.]

Latin Addison.

Intriguer

INTRIGUER, n. intree'ger. One who intrigues; one who forms plots, or pursues an object by secret artifices.

Intriguing

INTRIGUING, ppr. intree'ging. Forming secret plots or schemes.

2. adjective Addicted to intrigue; given to secret machinations.

Intriguingly

INTRIGUINGLY, a. intree'gingly. With intrigue; with artifice or secret machinations.

Intrinsecate

INTRIN'SECATE, adjective Entangled; perplexed. [Not in use.]

Intrinsic

INTRIN'SIC, or INTRIN'SICAL, adjective [French intrinseque; Spanish intrinseco; Italian intrinsico; Latin intrinsecus; intra and secus. It was formerly written intrinsecal.]

1. Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent; not apparent or accidental; as the intrinsic value of gold or silver; the intrinsic merit of an action; the intrinsic worth or goodness of a person.

Prior.

2. Intimate; closely familiar. Obs.

Wotton.

Intrinsically

INTRIN'SICALLY, adverb Internally; in its nature; really; truly.

A lie is a thing absolutely and intrinsically evil.

South.

Introduce

INTRODU'CE, verb transitive [Latin introduco; intro, within, and duco, to lead; French introduire; Italian introdurre.]

1. To lead or bring in; to conduct or usher into a place; as, to introduce a person into a drawing room.

2. To conduct and make known; to bring to be acquainted; as, to introduce a stranger to a person; to introduce a foreign minister to a prince.

3. To bring something new into notice or practice; as, to introduce a new fashion, or a new remedy for a disease; to introduce an improved mode of tillage.

4. To bring in; to import; as, to introduce foreign goods.

5. To produce; to cause to exist; as, to introduce habits into children.

Locke.

6. To begin; to open to notice. He introduced the subject with a long preface.

7. To bring before the public by writing or discourse; as, to introduce one's self to notice or to the public.

Introduced

INTRODU'CED, participle passive Led or conducted in; brought in; made acquainted; imported.

Introducer

INTRODU'CER, noun One who introduces; one who conducts another to a place or person; one who makes strangers known to each other; one who brings any thing into notice or practice.

Introducing

INTRODU'CING, participle of the present tense Conducting or bringing in; making known, as one stranger to another; bringing any thing into notice or practice.

Introduction

INTRODUC'TION, noun [French from Latin introductio.]

1. The action of conducting or ushering into a place; used of persons. We speak of the introduction of one stranger to another; the introduction of a foreign minister to a prince or court, and the introduction of company to a levee.

2. The act of bringing into a country; as the introduction of gold or bullion, or of merchandise.

3. The act of bringing something into notice, practice or use; as the introduction of new modes of dress or of tillage.

4. The part of a book which precedes the main work; a preface or preliminary discourse.

5. The first part of an oration or discourse, in which the speaker gives some general account of his design and subject, and prepares the minds of his audience for a favorable reception of his remarks or arguments.

Introductive

INTRODUC'TIVE, adjective Serving to introduce; serving as the means to bring forward something.

Lowth.

Introductor

INTRODUC'TOR, noun An introducer. [Not used.]

Introductory

INTRODUCTORY, adjective Serving to introduce something else; previous; prefatory; preliminary; as introductory remarks; an introductory discourse.

Introgression

INTROGRES'SION, noun [Latin introgressio.] Entrance. [Not used.]

Intromission

INTROMIS'SION, noun [Latin intromissus, intromitto; intro and mitto, to send.]

1. The action of sending in.

Peacham.

2. In Scot's law, an intermeddling with the effects of another.

Johnson.

Intromit

INTROMIT', verb transitive [Latin intromitto, supra.] To send in; to let in; to admit.

Greenhill.

2. To allow to enter; to be the medium by which a thing enters. Glass in the window intromits light without cold into a room.

Intromit

INTROMIT', verb intransitive To intermeddle with the effects of another.

Stuart.

Introreception

INTRORECEP'TION, noun The act of admitting into or within.

Hammond.

Introspect

INTROSPECT', verb transitive [Latin introspicio; intro and specio, to look.]

To look into or within; to view the inside.

Introspection

INTROSPEC'TION, noun A view of the inside or interior.

I was forced to make an introspection into my own mind.

Dryden.

Introsusception

INTROSUSCEP'TION, or INTUSSUSCEP'TION, noun The falling of one part of an intestine into another, or the passing of one part within another, causing a duplicature of the intestine.

Coxe. Hooper.

Introvenient

INTROVE'NIENT, adjective [Latin intro and veniens, venio, to come.]

Coming in or between; entering. [Little used.]

Brown.

Introversion

INTROVER'SION, noun The act of turning inwards.

Berkeley.

Introvert

INTROVERT', verb transitive [Latin intro and verto.] To turn inwards.

Cowper.

Intrude

INTRU'DE, verb intransitive [Latin intrudo; in and trudo, to thrust. See Thrust.]

1. To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation or welcome; to enter, as into company, against the will of the company or the bost; as, to intrude on families at unseasonable hours. Never intrude where your company is not desired.

2. To encroach; to enter or force one's self in without permission; as, to intrude on the lands of another.

3. To enter uncalled or uninvited, or without just right. Colossians 2.

Intrude

INTRU'DE, verb transitive To thrust one's self in, or to enter into some place without right or welcome.

2. To force or cast in.

Greenhill.

Intruded

INTRU'DED, participle passive Thrust in.

Intruder

INTRU'DER, noun One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters where he has no right or is not welcome.

They were but intruders on the possession, during the minority of the heir.

Davies.

They were all strangers and intruders.

Locke.

Intruding

INTRU'DING, participle of the present tense Entering without invitation, right or welcome.

Intrusion

INTRU'SION, n. s as z. [French from Latin intrusio, from intrudo.]

1. The action of thrusting in, or of entering into a place or state without invitation, right or welcome. The company may be disturbed by the intrusion of an unwelcome guest.

Ã‚--Many excellent strains which have been jostled off by the intrusions of poetical fictions.

Brown.

Why this intrusion?

Were not my orders that I should be private?

Addison.

2. Encroachment; entrance without right on the property or possessions of another.

3. Voluntary entrance on an undertaking unsuitable for the person.

Wotton.

Intrusive

INTRU'SIVE, adjective Thrusting in or entering without right or welcome; apt to intrude.

Thomson.

Intrust

INTRU'ST, verb transitive [in and trust.] To deliver in trust; to confide to the care of; to commit to another with confidence in his fidelity; as, to intrust a servant with one's money or goods, or to intrust money or goods to a servant. We intrust an agent or factor with commercial business, or we intrust commercial concerns to an agent. We intrust our friends with secrets, or intrust secrets to them.

Intrusted

INTRUST'ED, participle passive Delivered in trust; committed to the hands or care of another, in confidence that he will be faithful in discharging his duty.

Intrusting

INTRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Delivering in trust; confiding to the care of.

Intuition

INTUI'TION, noun [Spanish intuicion; Latin intuitus, intueor; in and tueor.]

A looking on: a sight or view; but restricted to mental view or perception. Particularly and appropriately, the act by which the mind perceives the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, or the truth of things, immediately, or the moment they are presented, without the intervention of other ideas, or without reasoning and deduction.

We know by intuition, that a part is less than the whole.

Encyc.

Intuitive

INTU'ITIVE, adjective [Spanish and Italian intuitivo; French intuitif.]

1. Perceived by the mind immediately, without the intervention of argument or testimony; exhibiting truth to the mind on bare inspection; as intuitive evidence.

2. Received or obtained by intuition or simple inspection; as intuitive judgment or knowledge.

3. Seeing clearly; as an intuitive view; intuitive vision.

Hooker.

4. Having the power of discovering truth without reasoning; as the intuitive powers of celestial beings.

Intuitively

INTU'ITIVELY, adverb By immediate perception; without reasoning; as, to perceive truth intuitively.

Intumesce

INTUMESCE, v. i. intumes'. [Latin intumesco; in and tumeo, to swell.]

To swell; to enlarge or expand with heat.

In a higher heat it intumesces and melts into a yellowish black mass.

Kirwan.

Intumescence

INTUMES'CENCE, noun [supra.] The action of swelling.

2. A swell; a swelling with bubbles; a rising and enlarging; a tumid state.

Woodward.

Inturgescence

INTURGES'CENCE, noun [Latin in and turgesco, to swell.]

A swelling; the action of swelling or state of being swelled.

Brown.

Intuse

INTU'SE, noun [Latin intusus.] A bruise. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Intwine

INTWI'NE, verb transitive [in and twine.] To twine or twist together; to wreath; as a wreath of flowers intwined.

Intwined

INTWI'NED, participle passive Twisted together.

Intwining

INTWI'NING, participle of the present tense Wreathing together.

Intwist

INTWIST', verb transitive [in and twist.] To twist together; to interweave.

Parkhurst.

Intwisted

INTWIST'ED, participle passive Twisted together.

Intwisting

INTWIST'ING, participle of the present tense Twisting together.

Inulin

IN'ULIN, noun A peculiar vegetable principle extracted from the Inula helenium, or elecampane.

Ure.

Inumbrate

INUM'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin inumbro.] To shade.

Inunction

INUNC'TION, noun [Latin inunctus, inungo; in and ungo, to anoint.]

The action of anointing; unction.

Ray.

Inunctuosity

INUNCTUOS'ITY, noun [L in and unctus, or unctuous.]

The want of unctuosity; destitution of greasiness or oiliness which is perceptible to the touch; as the inunctuosity of porcelain clay.

Kirwan.

Inundant

INUN'DANT, adjective [Latin inundans, infra.] Overflowing.

Shenstone.

Inundate

INUN'DATE, verb transitive [Latin inundo, inundatus; in and unda, a wave, or its root.]

1. To overflow; to deluge; to spread over with a fluid. The low lands along the Mississippi are inundated almost every spring.

2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was once inundated with bills of credit. The presses inundate the country with papers.

Inundated

INUN'DATED, participle passive Overflowed; spread over with a fluid; copiously supplied.

Inundating

INUN'DATING, participle of the present tense Overflowing; deluging; spreading over.

Inundation

INUNDA'TION, noun [Latin inundatio.] An overflow of water or other fluid; a food; a rising and spreading of water over low grounds. Holland has frequently suffered immensely by inundations of the sea. The Delta in Egypt is annually enriched by the inundation of the Nile.

2. An overspreading of any king; an overflowing or superfluous abundance.

Inunderstanding

INUNDERSTAND'ING, adjective Void of understanding. [A bad word and not used.]

Pearson.

Inurbanity

INURBAN'ITY, noun [in and urbanity.] Incivility; rude, unpolished manners or deportment; want of courteousness.

Bp. Hall.

Inure

INU'RE, verb transitive [in and ure. Ure signifies use, practice, in old English, and in Norman French. In Chaucer, it seems to bear rather the signification of luck or fortune. In Scottish, it is used in both senses. See Ure.]

1. To habituate; to accustom; to apply or expose in use or practice till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience, or makes little impression. Thus a man inures his body to labor and toil, till he sustains that which would destroy a body unaccustomed to it. So we inure ourselves to cold or heat. Warriors are inured to blood, and seamen are inured to hardships and deprivations.

Inure

INU'RE, verb intransitive To pass in use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of; as, a gift of lands inures to the heirs of the grantee, or it inures to their benefit.

Inured

INU'RED, participle passive Accustomed; hardened by use.

Inurement

INU'REMENT, noun Use; practice; habit; custom; frequency.

Jonson. Wotton.

Inuring

INU'RING, participle of the present tense Habituating; accustoming.

2. Passing in use to the benefit of.

Inurn

INURN', verb transitive [in and urn.] To bury; to inter; to intomb.

Ã‚--The sepulcher

Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned.

Shak.

2. To put in an urn.

Inurned

INURN'ED, participle passive Deposited in a tomb.

Inurning

INURN'ING, participle of the present tense Interring; burying.

Inusitation

INUSITA'TION, noun Want of use; disues. [Little used.]

Paley.

Inustion

INUS'TION, noun [Latin inustio, inuro; in and uro, to burn.] The action of burning.

2. A branding; the action of marking by burning.

Inutile

INU'TILE, adjective [French from Latin inutilis.] Unprofitable; useless. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Inutility

INUTIL'ITY, noun [French inutilitÃƒ-©; Latin inutilitas; in and utilitas. See Utility.]

Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; as the inutility of vain speculations and visionary projects.

Inutterable

INUT'TERABLE, adjective That cannot be uttered.

Milton.

Invade

INVA'DE, verb transitive [Latin invado; in and vado, to go.]

1. To enter a country, as an army with hostile intentions; to enter as an enemy, with a view to conquest or plunder; to attack. The French armies invaded Holland in 1795. They invaded Russia and perished.

2. To attack; to assail; to assault.

There shall be seditions among men and invading one another. 2 Esdras.

3. To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate. The king invaded the rights and privileges of the people, and the people invaded the prerogatives of the king.

4. To go into; a Latinism. [Not used.]

Spenser.

5. To fall on; to attack; to seize; as a disease.

Invaded

INVA'DED, participle passive Entered by an army with a hostile design; attacked; assaulted; infringed; violated.

Invader

INVA'DER, noun One who enters the territory of another with a view to war, conquest or plunder.

Bacon. Swift.

2. An assailant.

3. An encroacher; an intruder; one who infringes the rights of another.

Hammond.

Invading

INVA'DING, participle of the present tense Entering on the possessions of another with a view to war, conquest or plunder; assaulting; infringing; attacking.

Invalescence

INVALES'CENCE, noun [Latin invalesco.] Strength; health.

Dict.

Invaletudinary

INVALETU'DINARY, adjective Wanting health.

Invalid

INVAL'ID, adjective [Latin invalidus; in and validus, strong, from valeo, to be strong, to avail.]

1. Weak; of no force, weight or cogency.

Milton.

2. In law, having no force, effect or efficacy; void; null; as an invalid contract or agreement.

Invalid

IN'VALID, noun [French invalide; Latin invalidus, supra.]

1. A person who is weak and infirm; a person sickly or indisposed.

2. A person who is infirm, wounded, maimed, or otherwise disabled for active service; a soldier or seaman worn out in service. The hospitals for invalids at Chelsea and Greenwich, in England, are institutions honorable to the English nation.

Invalidate

INVAL'IDATE, verb transitive [from invalid; French invalider.]

1. To weaken or lessen the force of; more generally, to destroy the strength or validity of; to render of no force or effect; as, to invalidate an agreement or a contract.

2. To overthrow; to prove to be of no force; as, to invalidate an argument.

Invalidated

INVAL'IDATED, participle passive Rendered invalid or of no force.

Invalidating

INVAL'IDATING, participle of the present tense Destroying the force and effect of.

Invalidity

INVALID'ITY, noun [French invaliditÃƒ-©.] Weakness; want of cogency; want of legal force or efficacy; as the invalidity of an agreement or of a will.

Invalidness

INVAL'IDNESS, noun Invalidity; as the invalidness of reasoning.

Invaluable

INVAL'UABLE, adjective [in and valuable.] Precious above estimation; so valuable that its worth cannot be estimated; inestimable. The privileges of christians are invaluable.

Invaluably

INVAL'UABLY, adverb Inestimably.

Bp. Hall.

Invariable

INVA'RIABLE, adjective [French; in and variable, from vary.]

Constant in the same state; immutable; unalterable; unchangeable; that does not vary; always uniform. The character and the laws of the Supreme Being must necessarily be invariable.

Invariableness

INVA'RIABLENESS, noun Constancy of state, condition or quality; immutability; unchangeableness.

Invariably

INVA'RIABLY, adverb Constantly; uniformly; without alteration or change. We are bound to pursue invariably the path of duty.

Invaried

INVA'RIED, adjective Unvaried; not changing or altering.

Blackwall.

Invasion

INVA'SION, n. s as z. [Latin invasio, from invado. See Invade.]

1. A hostile entrance into the possessions of another; particularly, the entrance of a hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest or plunder, or the attack of a military force. The north of England and south of Scotland were for centuries subject to invasion, each from the other. The invasion of England by William the Norman, was in 1066.

2. An attack on the rights of another; infringement or violation.

3. Attack of a disease; as the invasion of the plague, in Egypt.

Arbuthnot.

Invasive

INVA'SIVE, adjective [from invade.] Entering on another's possessions with hostile designs; aggressive.

2. Infringing another's rights.

Invection

INVEC'TION, noun Invective, which see. [Invection is little used.]

Invective

INVEC'TIVE, noun [French invective; Spanish invectiva; Italian invettiva; from Latin inveho. See Inveigh.]

A railing speech or expression; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation. It differs from reproof, as the latter may come from a friend and be intended for the good of the person reproved; but invective proceeds from an enemy, and is intended to give pain or to injure.

Encyc.

It is followed by against. He uttered severe invectives against the unfortunate general.

Invective

INVEC'TIVE, adjective Satirical; abusive; railing.

Dryden.

Invectively

INVEC'TIVELY, adverb Satirically; abusively.

Shak.

Inveigh

INVEIGH, v. i. inva'y. [Latin inveho, to bear, throw or bring on or against; in and veho, to carry.]

To exclaim or rail against; to utter censorious and bitter language against any one; to reproach; with against. The author inveighed sharply against the vices of the clergy in his age. Men inveigh against the follies of fashion.

Inveigher

INVEIGHER, n. inva'yer. One who rails; a railer.

Inveighing

INVEIGHING, ppr. inva'ying. Exclaiming against; railing at; uttering bitter words.

Inveigle

INVE'IGLE, verb transitive [Norm. enveogler, to inveigle, to blind; French aveugler. The affinities of this word are obscure.]

To entice; to seduce; to wheedle; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery.

Yet have they many baits and guileful spells

To inveigle and invite th' unwary senseÃ‚--

Milton.

Inveigled

INVE'IGLED, participle passive Enticed; wheedled; seduced from duty.

Inveiglement

INVE'IGLEMENT, noun Seduction to evil; enticement.

South.

Inveigler

INVE'IGLER, noun One who entices or draws into any design by arts and flattery.

Inveigling

INVE'IGLING, participle of the present tense Enticing; wheedling; persuading to any thing bad.

Inveiled

INVEILED, adjective Covered as with a veil.

Browne.

Invent

INVENT', verb transitive [French inventer; Spanish inventar; Italian inventare; Latin invenio, inventum; in and venio, to come; literally, to come to, to fall on, to meet, to find.]

1. To find out something new; to devise something not before known; to contrive and produce something that did not before exist; as, to invent a new instrument of music; to invent a machine for spinning; to invent gunpowder. [See Invention.]

2. To forge; to fabricate; to contrive falsely; as, to invent falsehoods.

3. To feign; to frame by the imagination; as, to invent the machinery of a poem.

4. To light on; to meet with. [This is the literal sense, but not now used.]

Spenser.

Invented

INVENT'ED, participle passive Found out; devised; contrived; forged; fabricated.

Inventer

INVENT'ER, noun [See Inventor.]

Inventing

INVENT'ING, participle of the present tense Finding out what was before unknown; devising or contriving something new; fabricating.

Invention

INVEN'TION, noun [French from Latin inventio.]

1. The action or operation of finding out something new; the contrivance of that which did not before exist; as the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of printing; the invention of the art of printing; the invention of the orrery. Invention differs from discovery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and production of something that did not before exist. Discovery brings to light that which existed before, but which was not known. We are indebted to invention for the thermometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific ocean, and for the knowledge of galvanism, and many species of earth not formerly known. This distinction is important, though not always observed.

2. That which is invented. The cotton gin is the invention of Whitney; the steam boat is the invention of Fulton. The Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders are said to be inventions of the Greeks; the Tuscan and Composite are inventions of the Latins.

3. Forgery; fiction. Fables are the inventions of ingenious men.

4. In painting, the finding or choice of the objects which are to enter into the composition of the piece.

Encyc.

5. In poetry, it is applied to whatever the poet adds to the history of the subject.

6. In rhetoric, the finding and selecting of arguments to prove and illustrate the point in view.

7. The power of inventing; that skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed in contriving any thing new. Thus we say, a man of invention.

Encyc.

8. Discovery; the finding of things hidden or before unknown. [Less proper.]

Ray.

Inventive

INVENT'IVE, adjective [French inventif.] Able to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; as an inventive head or genius.

Dryden.

Inventor

INVENT'OR, noun One who finds out something new; one who contrives and produces any thing not before existing; a contriver. The inventors of many of the most useful arts are not known.

Inventorially

INVENTO'RIALLY, adverb In the manner of an inventory.

Shak.

Inventoried

IN'VENTORIED, participle passive Inserted or registered in an inventory.

Inventory

IN'VENTORY, noun [Spanish Italian inventario; French inventaire; from invent.]

1. An account, catalogue or schedule of all the goods and chattels of a deceased person. In some of the United States, the inventory must include an account of the real as well as the personal estate of the deceased.

2. A catalogue of movables.

3. A catalogue or account of particular things. [An indefinite use of the word.]

Inventory

IN'VENTORY, verb transitive [French inventorier.] To make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue or schedule of; as, to inventory the goods and estate of the deceased.

Blackstone.

2. To insert or register in an account of goods.

Inventress

INVENT'RESS, noun [from invent.] A female that invents.

Dryden.

Inverse

INVERSE, adjective invers'. [Latin inversus. See Invert.]

Inverted; reciprocal. Inverse proportion or ratio, is when the effect or result of any operation is less in proportion as the cause is greater, or is greater in proportion as the cause is less. Thus the time in which a quantity of work may be performed, will be less in proportion as the number of workmen is greater, and greater in proportion as the number of workmen is less. If ten men can perform a certain quantity of work in six days, then twenty men will perform the same work in three days. Inverse proportion is opposed to direct.

Inversely

INVERSELY, adverb invers'ly. In an inverted order or manner; when more produces less, and less produces more; or when one thing is greater or less, in proportion as another is less or greater.

Inversion

INVER'SION, noun [French from Latin inversio. See Invert.]

1. Change of order, so that the last becomes first and the first last; a turning or change of the natural order of things.

It is just the inversion of an act of parliament; your Lordship first signed it, and then it was passed among the lords and commons.

Dryden.

2. Change of places, so that each takes the place of the other.

3. A turning backwards; a contrary rule of operation. Problems in geometry and arithmetic are often proved by inversion, as division by multiplication, and multiplication by division.

4. In grammar, a change of the natural order of words; as, ``of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable,' instead of ``impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices.'

5. In music, the change of position either of a subject or of a chord.

Busby.

Invert

INVERT', verb transitive [Latin inverto; in and verto, to turn.]

1. To turn into a contrary direction; to turn upside down; as, to invert a come; to invert a hollow vessel.

2. To place in a contrary, order or method; as, to invert the rules of justice; to invert the order of words.

And winter storms invert the year.

Dryden.

3. In music, to change the order of the notes which form a chord, or the parts which compose harmony.

Encyc.

4. To divert; to turn into another channel; to embezzle. [Not in use.]

Knolles.

Invertebral

INVERT'EBRAL, adjective Destitute of a verbral column, as animals.

Ed. Encyc.

Invertebrated

INVERT'EBRATED, adjective Destitute of a back bone or vertebral chain. [See Vertebrated.]

Good.

Inverted

INVERT'ED, participle passive Turned to a contrary direction; turned upside down; changed in order.

Invertedly

INVERT'EDLY, adverb In a contrary or reversed order.

Derham.

Invertent

INVERT'ENT, noun A medicine intended to invert the natural order of the successive irritative motions in the system.

Darwin.

Inverting

INVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning in a contrary direction; changing the order.

Invest

INVEST', verb transitive [French investir; Latin investio; in and vestio, to clothe. See Vest.]

1. To clothe; to dress; to put garments on; to array; usually and most correctly followed by with, before the thing put on; as, to invest one with a mantle or robe. In this sense, it is used chiefly in poetry and elevated prose, not in colloquial discourse.

2. To clothe with office or authority; to place in possession of an office, rank or dignity; as, to invest a person with a civil office, or with an ecclesiastical dignity.

3. To adorn; to grace; as, to invest with honor.

Shak.

4. To clothe; to surround; as, to be invested with light, splendor or glory.

5. To confer; to give. [Little used.]

Bacon.

6. To inclose; to surround; to block up, so as to intercept succors of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay siege to; as, to invest a town.

7. To clothe money in something permanent or less fleeting; as, to invest money in funded or bank stock; to invest it in lands or goods. In this application, it is always followed by in.

Invested

INVEST'ED, participle passive Clothed; dressed; adorned; inclosed.

Investient

INVEST'IENT, adjective Covering; clothing.

Woodward.

Investigable

INVEST'IGABLE, adjective [from investigate.] That may be investigated or searched out; discoverable by rational search or disquisition. The causes or reasons of things are sometimes investigable.

Investigate

INVEST'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin investigo; in and vestigo, to follow a track, to search; vestigium, a track or footstep.]

To search into; to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy; to find out by careful disquisition; as, to investigate the powers and forces of nature; to investigate the causes of natural phenomena; to investigate the principles of moral duty; to investigate the conduct of an agent or the motives of a prince.

Investigated

INVEST'IGATED, participle passive Searched into; examined with care.

Investigating

INVEST'IGATING, participle of the present tense Searching into; inquiring into with care.

Investigation

INVESTIGA'TION, noun [French from Latin investigatio.]

The action or process of searching minutely for truth, facts or principles; a careful inquiry to find out what is unknown, either in the physical or moral world, and either by observation and experiment, or by argument and discussion. Thus we speak of the investigations of the philosopher and the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist and the divine.

Investigative

INVEST'IGATIVE, adjective Curious and deliberate in researches.

Pegge.

Investigator

INVEST'IGATOR, noun One who searches diligently into a subject.

Investiture

INVEST'ITURE, noun [French See Invest.] The action of giving possession, or livery of seizin.

The grant of land or a feud was perfected by the ceremony of corporal investiture, or open delivery of possession.

Blackstone.

It was customary for princes to make investiture of ecclesiastical benefices.

Encyc.

2. The right of giving possession of any manor, office or benefice.

He had refused to yield to the pope the investiture of bishops.

Raleigh.

Investive

INVEST'IVE, adjective Clothing; encircling.

Investment

INVEST'MENT, noun The action of investing.

2. Clothes; dress; garment; habit.

Shak.

[We now use vestment.]

3. The act of surrounding, blocking up or besieging by an armed force.

The capitulation was signed by the commander of the fort, within six days after its investment.

Marshall.

4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some species of property; literally, the clothing of money with something.

Before the investment could be made, a change of the market might render it ineligible.

Hamilton.

Inveteracy

INVET'ERACY, noun [Latin inveteratio. See Inveterate.]

Long continuance, or the firmness or deep rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as the inveteracy of custom and habit; usually or always applied in a bad sense; as the inveteracy of prejudice, of error, or of any evil habit.

Inveterate

INVET'ERATE, adjective [Latin inveteratus, invetero; in and vetero, from vetus, old.]

1. Old; long established.

It is an inveterate and received opinionÃ‚--

Obs.

Bacon.

2. Deep rooted; firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; used of evils; as an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse; an inveterate course of sin.

3. Having fixed habits by long continuance; used of persons; as an inveterate sinner.

4. Violent; deep rooted; obstinate; as inveterate enmity or malice.

Inveterate

INVET'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin invetero, to grow old.]

To fix and settle by long continuance. [Obsolete or little used.]

Bacon.

Inveterately

INVET'ERATELY, adverb With obstinacy; violently.

Inveterateness

INVET'ERATENESS, noun Obstinacy confirmed by time; inveteracy; as the inveterateness of a mischief.

Looke.

Inveteration

INVETERA'TION, noun The act of hardening or confirming by long continuance.

Invidious

INVID'IOUS, adjective [Latin invidiosus, from invideo, to envy; in and video, to see. Invideo signifies properly, to look against.]

1. Envious; malignant.

Evelyn.

2. Likely to incur ill will or hatred, or to provoke envy; hateful. [This is the usual sense.]

Agamemnon found it an invidious affair to give the preference to any one of the Grecian heroes.

Broome.

Invidiously

INVID'IOUSLY, adverb Enviously; malignantly.

2. In a manner likely to provoke hatred.

Invidiousness

INVID'IOUSNESS, noun The quality of provoking envy or hatred.

Invigilance

INVIG'ILANCE, noun Want of vigilance; neglect of watching.

Invigorate

INVIG'ORATE, verb transitive [Italian invigorire; in and vigor.]

To give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and energy to. Exercise invigorates the body; cheerfulness invigorates the mind.

Christian graces and virtues they cannot be, unless fed, invigorated and animated by universal charity.

Atterbury.

Invigorated

INVIG'ORATED, participle passive Strengthened; animated.

Invigorating

INVIG'ORATING, participle of the present tense Giving fresh vigor to; strengthening.

Invigoration

INVIGORA'TION, noun The action of invigorating, or state of being invigorated.

Invillaged

INVIL'LAGED, adjective Turned into a village.

Browne.

Invincible

INVIN'CIBLE, adjective [French invincible; Latin in and vinco, to conquer.]

1. Not to be conquered or subdued; that cannot be overcome; unconquerable; as an invincible army.

2. Not to be overcome; insuperable; as, an invincible obstacle, error, habit or objection.

Invincibleness

INVIN'CIBLENESS, or INVINCIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being unconquerable; insuperableness.

Invincibly

INVIN'CIBLY, adverb Unconquerably; insuperably.

Inviolable

INVI'OLABLE, adjective [French from Latin inviolabilis; in and violabilis, violo, to violate.]

1. Not to be profaned; that ought not to be injured, polluted or treated with irreverence; as, a sacred place and sacred things should be considered inviolable.

Milton.

2. Not to be broken; as an inviolable league, covenant, agreement, contract, vow or promise.

3. Not to be injured or tarnished; as inviolable chastity or honor.

4. Not susceptible of hurt or wound; as inviolable saints.

Milton.

Inviolableness

INVI'OLABLENESS, or INVIOLABIL'ITY, noun [from inviolable.] The quality or state of being inviolable; as the inviolability of crowned heads.

Ward.

2. The quality of not being subject to be broken.

Inviolably

INVI'OLABLY, adverb Without profanation; without breach or failure; as a sanctuary inviolably sacred; to keep a promise inviolably.

Inviolate

INVI'OLATE, adjective [Latin inviolatus.] Unhurt; uninjured; unprofaned; unpolluted; unbroken.

But let inviolate truth be always dear

To thee.

Denham.

Inviolated

INVI'OLATED, adjective Unprofaned; unbroken; unviolated.

Drayton.

Invious

IN'VIOUS, adjective [Latin invius; in and via, way.] Impassable; untrodden.

Hudibras.

Inviousness

IN'VIOUSNESS, noun State of being impassable.

Ward.

Inviscate

INVISC'ATE, verb intransitive [Latin in and viscus, glue, birdlime.]

1. To lime; to daub with glue.

2. To catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with glutinous matter. [Little used.]

Brown.

Inviscerate

INVIS'CERATE, verb transitive To breed; to nourish. [A bad word.]

Mountague.

Invisibility

INVISIBIL'ITY, or INVIS'IBLENESS, noun [French invisibilitÃƒ-©, from invisible.]

The state of being invisible; imperceptibleness to the sight.

Ray.

Invisible

INVIS'IBLE, a. s as z. [French from Latin invisibilis; in and visibilis, viso, to see.]

That cannot be seen; imperceptible by the sight. Millions of stars, invisible to the naked eye, may be seen by the telescope.

He endured, as seeing him who is invisible. Hebrews 11.

Invisibly

INVIS'IBLY, adverb In a manner to escape the sight; imperceptibly to the eye.

Denham.

Invision

INVIS'ION, n. s as z. [in and vision.] Want of vision, or the power of seeing. [Little used.]

Brown.

Invitation

INVITA'TION, noun [French from Latin invitatio. See Invite.]

The act of inviting; solicitation; the calling or requesting of a person's company to visit, to dine, or to accompany him to any place.

Invitatory

INVI'TATORY, adjective Using or containing invitations.

Wheatley.

Invitatory

INVI'TATORY, noun A part of the service in the catholic church; a palm or anthem sung in the morning.

Ã‚--Antiphonary, a service-book, which contained all the invitatories, responsories and collects.

Encyc.

Invite

INVI'TE, verb transitive [Latin invitio; Italian invitare; French inviter. This word is formed by in and the Teutonic bid, or its root; inbid. See Bid.]

1. To ask to do some act or to go to some place; to request the company of a person; as, to invite one to dine or sup; to invite friends to a wedding; to invite company to an entertainment; to invite one an excursion into the country.

2. To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope.

Ã‚--Shady groves, that easy sleep invite.

Dryden.

3. To present temptations or allurements to.

The people should be in a situation not to invite hostilities.

Federalist, Jay.

Invited

INVI'TED, participle passive Solicited; requested to come or go in person; allured.

Inviter

INVI'TER, noun One who invites.

Pope.

Inviting

INVI'TING, participle of the present tense Soliciting the company of; asking to attend.

2. adjective Alluring; tempting; drawing to; as an inviting amusement or prospect.

Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.

Irving.

Inviting

INVI'TING, noun Invitation.

Shak.

Invitingly

INVI'TINGLY, adverb In such a manner as to invite or allure.

Invitingness

INVI'TINGNESS, noun The quality of being inviting.

Taylor.

Invitrifiable

INVIT'RIFIABLE, adjective [in and vitrifiable, from vitrify.]

That cannot be vitrified or converted into glass.

Kirwan.

Invocate

IN'VOCATE, verb transitive [Latin invoco; in and voco, to call.]

To invoke; to call on in supplication; to implore; to address in prayer.

If Dagon be thy god,

Go to his temple, invocate his aidÃ‚--

Milton.

[Instead of this word, invoke is generally used.]

Invocated

IN'VOCATED, participle passive Invoked; called on in prayer.

Invocating

IN'VOCATING, participle of the present tense Invoking.

Invocation

INVOCA'TION, noun [French from Latin invocatio.]

1. The act of addressing in prayer.

Hooker.

2. The form or act of calling for the assistance or presence of any being, particularly of some divinity; as the invocation of the muses.

The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the invocation is divided between the two deities.

Addison.

3. A judicial call, demand or order; as the invocation of papers or evidence into a court.

Wheaton's Rep.

Invoice

IN'VOICE, noun [French envoi, a sending or thing sent, from envoyer, to send, Italian inviare; envois, plu. things sent.]

1. In commerce, a written account of the particulars of merchandise, shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, &c. with the value or prices and charges annexed.

2. A written account of ratable estate.

Laws of New Hampshire.

Invoice

IN'VOICE, verb transitive To make a written account of goods or property with their prices.

Goods, wares and merchandise imported from Norway, and invoiced in the current dollar of NorwayÃ‚--

Madison's Proclamation.

It is usual to invoice goods in the currency of the country in which the seller resides.

Invoiced

IN'VOICED, participle passive Inserted in a list with the price or value annexed.

Robinson, Adm. Reports.

Invoicing

IN'VOICING, participle of the present tense Making an account in writing of goods, with their prices or values annexed; inserting in an invoice.

Invoke

INVO'KE, verb transitive [Latin invoco; in and voco, to call; vox, a word.]

1. To address in prayer; to call on for assistance and protection; as, to invoke the Supreme Being. Poets invoke the muses for assistance.

2. To order; to call judicially; as, to invoke depositions or evidence into a court.

Wirt.

Invoked

INVO'KED, participle passive Addressed in prayer for aid; called.

Invoking

INVO'KING, participle of the present tense Addressing in prayer for aid; calling.

Involucel

INVOL'UCEL, noun [dim. of involucre.] A partial involucre; an involucret.

Eaton.

Involucellate

INVOLU'CELLATE, adjective [supra.] Surrounded with involucels.

Barton.

Involucrum

INVOLU'CRUM, or INVOLU'CRE, noun [Latin from involvo.] In botany, a calyx remote from the flower, particularly in the umbel, but applied also to the whorl and other kinds of inflorescence.

Martyn.

Involucred

INVOLU'CRED, adjective Having an involucre, as umbels, whorls, &c.

Martyn.

Involucret

INVOLU'CRET, noun A small or partial involucrum.

Martyn.

Involuntarily

INVOL'UNTARILY, adverb [from involuntary.]

1. Not by choice; not spontaneously; against one's will.

Baxter.

2. In a manner independent of the will.

Involuntariness

INVOL'UNTARINESS, noun Want of choice or will.

Bp. Hall.

2. Independence on the will.

Involuntary

INVOL'UNTARY, adjective [French involontaire; Latin in and voluntarius. See Voluntary.]

1. Not having will or choice; unwilling.

2. Independent of will or choice. The motion of the heart and arteries is involuntary, but not against the will.

3. Not proceeding from choice; not done willingly; opposed to the will. A slave and a conquered nation yield an involuntary submission to a master.

Involute

IN'VOLUTE, noun [Latin involutus.] A curve traced by the end of a string folded upon a figure, or unwound from it.

Involute

IN'VOLUTE, or IN'VOLUTED, adjective [Latin involutus, involvo. See Involve.] In botany, rolled spirally inwards. Involuted foliation or vernation, is when the leaves within the bud have their edges rolled spirally inwards on both sides towards the upper surface.

Martyn.

Involution

INVOLU'TION, noun [French; Latin involutio. See Involve.]

1. The action of involving or infolding.

2. The state of being entangled or involved; complication.

All things are mixed and causes blended by mutual involutions.

Glanville.

3. In grammar, the insertion of one or more clauses or members of a sentence between the agent or subject and the verb; a third intervening member within a second, &c; as, habitual falsehood, if we may judge from experience, infers absolute depravity.

4. In algebra, the raising of a quantity from its root to any power assigned. Thus 2x2x2=8. Here 8, the third power of 2, is found by involution, or multiplying the number into itself, and the product by the same number.

Involve

INVOLVE, verb transitive involv'. [Latin involvo; in and volvo, to roll, to wallow.]

1. To envelop; to cover with surrounding matter; as, to involve one in smoke or dust.

2. To envelop in any thing which exists on all sides; as, to involve in darkness or obscurity.

3. To imply; to comprise. To be and not to be at the same time, involves a contradiction.

4. To entwist; to join; to connect.

He knows his end with mine involved.

Milton.

5. To take in; to catch; to conjoin.

The gathering number, as it moves along,

Involves a vast involuntary throng.

Pope.

6. To entangle. Let not our enemy involve the nation in war, nor our imprudence involve us in difficulty.

7. To plunge; to overwhelm. Extravagance often involves men in debt and distress.

8. To inwrap; to infold; to complicate or make intricate.

Some involved their snaky folds.

Milton.

Florid, witty, involved discourses.

Locke.

9. To blend; to mingle confusedly.

Milton.

10. In algebra, to raise a quantity from the root to any assigned power; as a quantity involved to the third or fourth power.

Involved

INVOLV'ED, participle passive Enveloped; implied; inwrapped; entangled.

Involving

INVOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Enveloping; implying; comprising; entangling; complicating.

Invulnerability

INVULNERABIL'ITY, or INVUL'NERABLENESS, noun [from invulnerable.]

The quality or state of being invulnerable, or secure from wounds or injury.

Walsh.

Invulnerable

INVUL'NERABLE, adjective [French from Latin invulnerabilis. See Vulnerable.]

That cannot be wounded; incapable of receiving injury.

Nor vainly hope

To be invulnerable in those bright arms.

Milton.

Inwall

INWALL', verb transitive [in and wall.] To inclose or fortify with a wall.

Spenser.

Inward

IN'WARD, adjective [Saxon inward; German einwÃƒ-¤rts; in and ward. See Ward.]

1. Internal; interior; placed or being within; as the inward structure of the body.

2. Intimate; domestic; familiar.

Spenser.

3. Seated in the mind or soul.

Shak.

Inward

IN'WARD, or IN'WARDS, adverb Toward the inside. Turn the attention inward.

2. Toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.

3. Into the mind or thoughts.

Celestial light shine inward.

Milton.

Inwardly

IN'WARDLY, adverb In the inner parts; internally.

Let Benedict, like covered fire,

Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly.

Shak.

2. In the heart; privately; secretly. He inwardly repines. It is not easy to treat with respect a person whom we inwardly despise.

3. Towards the center.

Inwardness

IN'WARDNESS, noun Intimacy; familiarity. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. Internal state. [Unusual.]

Inwards

IN'WARDS, n. plu. The inner parts of an animal; the bowels; the viscera.

Milton. Exodus 29.

Inweave

INWE'AVE, verb transitive pret. inwove; pp. inwoven, inwove. [in and weave.] To weave together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving.

Down they cast

Their crowns inwove with amaranth and gold.

Milton.

Inwheel

INWHEE'L, verb transitive [in and wheel.] To encircle.

Beaum.

Inwit

IN'WIT, noun [in and wheel.] Mind; understanding. Obs.

Inwood

INWOOD', verb transitive To hide in woods.

Sidney.

Inworking

INWORK'ING, participle of the present tense or adjective [in and work.]

Working or operating within.

Inworking

INWORK'ING, noun Internal operation; energy within.

Macknight.

Inwove

INWO'VE, or INWO'VEN, participle passive of inweave. Woven in; intertwined by weaving.

Inwrap

INWRAP, verb transitive inrap'. [in and wrap.] To involve; to infold; to cover by wrapping; as, to be inwrapped in smoke or in a cloud; to inwrap in a cloke.

2. To involve in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex.

Bacon.

3. To ravish or transport. [III. See Rap.]

Inwreathe

INWREATHE, verb transitive inre'the. [in and wreathe.]

To surround or encompass as with a wreath, or with something in the form of a wreath.

Resplendent locks inwreathed with beams.

Milton.

Inwrought

INWROUGHT, participle passive or adjective inraut'. [in and wrought, from work.]

Wrought or worked in or among other things; adorned with figures.

Milton.

Iodate

I'ODATE, noun [See Iodine.] A compound consisting of oxygen, iodin and a base.

Gay Lussac. Henry.

Iodic

I'ODIC, adjective Iodic acid is a compound of iodin and oxygen.

Iodide

I'ODIDE, noun A compound of iodin with a metal or other substance.

Iodin

I'ODIN, or I'ODINE, noun [Greek, resembling a violet.] In chimistry, a peculiar substance recently discovered by Courtois, a manufacturer of salt-peter in Paris. It is obtained from certain sea-weeds or marine plants. At the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere it is a solid, apparently a simple substance, at least hitherto undecomposed. It is incombustible, but in combining with several bodies, it exhibits the phenomena of combustion; hence it has been considered a supporter of combustion. Like chlorin, it destroys vegetable colors, but with less energy. Its color is bluish black or grayish black, of a metallic luster. It is often in scales, resembling those of micaceous iron ore; sometimes in brilliant rhomboidal plates, or in elongated octahedrons. Its taste is acrid, and it is somewhat poisonous. It is fusible at 225Ã‚-° of Fahrenheit. The color of its vapor is a beautiful violet, whence its name.

Henry. Ure.

Iodous

I'ODOUS, adjective Iodous acid is a compound of iodin and oxygen, containing less of the latter than iodic acid.

Ioduret

IOD'URET, noun A compound of iodin and a metallic or other base.

Iolite

I'OLITE, noun [Greek, a violet, and, stone.]

A mineral of a violet blue color, with a shade of purple or black, called also dichroit and cordierite. It occurs in regular six-sided prisms. Its varieties are peliom and steinheilite.

Cleaveland.

[NOTE. By the regular principles of pronouncing the Greek iota and the Shemitic jod, this word ought to be pronounced yolite.]

Ionic

ION'IC, adjective [from Ionia.] The Ionic order, in architecture, is that species of column named from Ionia, in Greece. It is more slender than the Doric and Tuscan, but less slender and less ornamented than the Corinthian and Composite. It is simple, but majestic; its highth is 18 modules, and that of the entablature four and a half.

Encyc.

2. The Ionic dialect of the Greek language, is the dialect used in Ionia.

3. The Ionic sect of philosophers, was that founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the principle of all natural things.

Encyc.

4. Denoting an airy kind of music. The Ionic or Ionian mode was, reckoning from grave to acute, the second of the five middle modes.

Busby.

Ipecacuanha

IPECACUAN'HA, noun A root produced in South America. Four sorts are mentioned, gray, brown, white, and yellow. The gray, or genuine kind, is referred by Mutis to the Psychotria emetica, but more recently by Brotero to the Callicocca Ipecacuanha, a plant growing in Brazil. These plants have been considered by some as the same, or as species of the same genus. This root is used as an emetic.

Parr.

Ipecacuanha is a little wrinkled root about the thickness of a moderate quill, much used as an emetic, and against diarrheas and dysenteries.

Cyc.

Irascibility

IRASCIBIL'ITY, or IRAS'CIBLENESS, noun [from irascible.] The quality of being irascible, or easily inflamed by anger; irritability of temper.

Irascible

IRAS'CIBLE, adjective [French from Latin irascor, from ira. See Ire.]

Very susceptible of anger; easily provoked or inflamed with resentment; irritable; as an irascible man; an irascible temper.

Ire

IRE, noun [French from Latin ira, wrath; Welsh irad, pungency, passion, rage. See Wrath.]

Anger; wrath; keen resentment; a word chiefly used in poetry.

Thus will persist, relentless in his ire.

Dryden.

Ireful

I'REFUL, adjective [ire and full.] Angry; wroth; furious with anger.

The ireful bastard Orleans.

Shak.

Irefully

I'REFULLY, adverb In an angry manner.

Irenarch

I'RENARCH, noun [Greek.] An officer formerly employed in the Greek empire, to preserve the public tranquillity.

Iridescence

IRIDES'CENCE, noun Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow.

Iridescent

IRIDES'CENT, adjective [from iris.] Having colors like the rainbow.

Fourcroy. Barrow.

Iridium

IRID'IUM, noun [from iris.] A metal of a whitish color, not malleable, found in the ore of platinum, and in a native alloy with osmium. Its specific gravity is above 18. It takes its name from the variety of colors which it exhibits while dissolving in muriatic acid. The native alloy with osmium, or native iridium, is of a steel gray color and shining metallic luster. It usually occurs in small irregular flat grains, in alluvial soil, in S. America.

Cleaveland. Webster's Manual.

Iris

I'RIS, noun plu. irises. [Latin iris, iridis, the rainbow, Greek.]

1. The rainbow.

Brown.

2. An appearance resembling the rainbow.

Newton.

3. The colored circle which surrounds the pupil of the eye, by means of which that opening is enlarged and diminished.

4. The changeable colors which sometimes appear in the glasses of telescopes, microscopes, &c.

5. A colored spectrum which a triangular glass prism casts on a wall, when placed at a due angle in the sun-beams.

6. The flower-de-lis, or flag-flower, a genus of many species.

Irisated

I'RISATED, adjective Exhibiting the prismatic colors; resembling the rainbow.

Phillips.

Irised

I'RISED, adjective Containing colors like those of the rainbow.

Chaptal.

Irish

I'RISH, adjective Pertaining to Ireland.

Irish

I'RISH, noun A native of Ireland.

2. The language of the Irish; the Hiberno-Celtic.

Irishism

I'RISHISM, noun A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish.

Irk

IRK, verb transitive urk. [Scot. irk, to weary; irk, indolent. Lye suggests that this may be from Saxon weorce, work, which signifies also pain, or anxiety; but it seems more probably to be connected with Saxon earg, slothful, lazy, Greek.]

To weary; to give pain to; used only impersonally; as, it irketh me, it gives me uneasiness. It is nearly obsolete.

Shak.

Irksome

IRK'SOME, adjective Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; giving uneasiness; used of something troublesome by long continuance or repetition; as irksome hours; irksome toil or task.

Addison. Milton.

Irksomely

IRK'SOMELY, adverb In a wearisome or tedious manner.

Irksomeness

IRK'SOMENESS, noun Tediousness; wearisomeness.

Iron

IRON, noun i'urn, or i'rn. [Saxon iren; Scot. irne, yrn, or airn; Isl. iarn; Swedish j?rn or i?rn; Danish iern; Welsh haiarn; Irish iarann; Armoric hoarn. Qu. Latin ferrum, for herrum. The radical elements of this word are not easily ascertained.]

1. A metal, the hardest, most common and most useful of all the metals; of a livid whitish color inclined to gray, internally composed, to appearance, of small facets, and susceptible of a fine polish. It is so hard and elastic as to be capable of destroying the aggregation of any other metal. Next to tin, it is the lightest of all metallic substances, and next to gold, the most tenacious. It may be hammered into plates, but not into leaves. Its ductility is more considerable. It has the property of magnetism; it is attracted by the lodestone, and will acquire its properties. It is found rarely in native masses; but in ores, mineralized by different substances, it abounds in every part of the earth. Its medicinal qualities are valuable.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; as a flat-iron, a smoothing-iron.

Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? Job 41.

3. Figuratively, strength; power; as a rod of iron. Danish ii.

4. Irons, plu., fetters; chains; manacles; handcuffs. Psalm 105.

Iron

I'RON, adjective Made of iron; consisting of iron; as an iron gate; an iron bar; iron dust.

2. Resembling iron in color; as an iron gray color.

3. Harsh; rude; severe; miserable; as the iron age of the world.

Iron years of wars and dangers.

Rowe.

Jove crush'd the nations with an iron rod.

Pope.

4. Binding fast; not to be broken; as the iron sleep of death.

Philips.

5. Hard of understanding; dull; as an iron witted fool.

Shak.

6. Firm; robust; as an iron constitution.

Iron

I'RON, verb transitive To smooth with an instrument of iron.

2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.

3. To furnish or arm with iron.

Iron-Clay

I'RON-CLAY, noun A substance intermediate between basalt and wacky, of a reddish brown color, and occurring massive or vesicular.

Cyc.

Ironed

I'RONED, participle passive Smoothed with an iron; shackled; armed with iron.

Ironflint

I'RONFLINT, noun Ferruginous quartz; a subspecies of quartz, opake or translucent at the edges, with a fracture more or less conchoidal, shining and nearly vitreous. It is sometimes in very minute and perfect six-sided prisms, terminated at both extremities by six-sided pyramids. It occurs also in masses, and in small grains. Its varieties are red, yellow, and greenish.

Cleaveland.

Ironhearted

I'RONHE`ARTED, adjective Hardhearted; unfeeling; cruel.

Ironmold

I'RONMOLD, noun A spot on cloth made by applying rusty iron to the cloth when wet.

Ironmonger

I'RONMONGER, noun A dealer in iron wares or hardware.

Ironsick

I'RONSICK, adjective In seamen's language, a ship is said to be ironsick, when her bolts and nails are so much corroded or eaten with rust that she has become leaky.

Encyc.

Ironstone

I'RONSTONE, noun An ore of iron.

Ironwood

I'RONWOOD, noun The popular name of a genus of trees called Sideroxylon, of several species; so called from their hardness.

Ironwork

I'RONWORK, noun A general name of the parts or pieces of a building which consist of iron; any thing made of iron.

Ironworks

I'RONWORKS, n. plu. The works or establishment where pig-iron is wrought into bars, &c.

Ironwort

I'RONWORT, noun A genus of plants called Sideritis, of several species.

Ironical

IRON'ICAL, adjective [French ironique. See Irony.] Expressing one thing and meaning another. An ironical expression is often accompanied with a manner of utterance which indicates that the speaker intends to be understood in a sense directly contrary to that which the words convey.

Ironically

IRON'ICALLY, adverb By way of irony; by the use of irony. A commendation may be ironically severe.

Ironist

I'RONIST, noun One who deals in irony.

Pope.

Irony

I'RONY, adjective [from iron.] Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; as irony chains; irony particles.

Hammond.

2. Resembling iron; hard.

Irony

I'RONY, noun [French ironie; Latin ironia; Greek, from, a dissembler in speech.]

A mode of speech expressing a sense contrary to that which the speaker intends to convey; as, Nero was a very virtuous prince; Pope Hildebrand was remarkable for his meekness and humility. When irony is uttered, the dissimulation is generally apparent from the manner of speaking, as by a smile or an arch look, or perhaps by an affected gravity of countenance. Irony in writing may also be detected by the manner of expression.

Irous

I'ROUS, adjective [from ire.] Apt to be angry. Obs.

Chaucer.

Irradiance

IRRA'DIANCE, or IRRA'DIANCY, noun [Latin irradians, from irradio. See Irradiate.]

1. Emission of rays of light on an object.

2. Beams of light emitted; luster; splendor.

Milton.

Irradiate

IRRA'DIATE, verb transitive [Latin irradio; in and radio, to shine. See Ray.]

1. To illuminate; to brighten; to make splendid; to adorn with luster.

South.

2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind.

Milton.

3. To animate by heat or light.

Hale.

4. To decorate with shining ornaments.

Pope.

Irradiate

IRRA'DIATE, verb intransitive To emit rays; to shine.

Irradiate

IRRA'DIATE, adjective Adorned with shining ornaments.

Mason.

Irradiated

IRRA'DIATED, participle passive Illuminated; enlightened; made luminous or bright; decorated with rays of light or with something shining.

Irradiating

IRRA'DIATING, participle of the present tense Illuminating; decorating with beams of light.

Irradiation

IRRADIA'TION, noun The act of emitting beams of light.

2. Illumination; brightness.

3. Intellectual light.

Hale.

4. The act of emitting minute particles or effluvia from some substance.

Encyc.

Irrational

IRRA'TIONAL, adjective [Latin irrationalis; in and rationalis, from ratio.]

1. Not rational; void of reason or understanding. Brutes are irrational animals.

2. Not according to the dictates of reason; contrary to reason; absurd. To pursue a course of life which destroys happiness, is irrational.

Irrationality

IRRATIONAL'ITY, noun Want of reason or the powers of understanding.

Irrationally

IRRA'TIONALLY, adverb Without reason; in a manner contray to reason; absurdly.

Irreclaimable

IRRECLA'IMABLE, adjective [in and reclaimable.]

1. Not to be reclaimed; that cannot be recalled from error or vice; that cannot be brought to reform.

Addison.

2. That cannot be tamed.

Irreclaimably

IRRECLA'IMABLY, adverb So as not to admit of reformation.

Irreconcilable

IRRECONCI'LABLE, adjective [in and reconcilable.]

1. Not to be recalled to amity, or a state of friendship and kindness; retaining enmity that cannot be appeased or subdued; as an irreconcilable enemy or faction.

2. That cannot be appeased or subdued; as irreconcilable enmity or hatred.

3. That cannot be made to agree or be consistent; incongruous; incompatible; as irreconcilable absurdities. It is followed by with or to. A man's conduct may be irreconcilable to or with his avowed principles.

Irreconcilableness

IRRECONCI'LABLENESS, noun The quality of being irreconcilable; incongruity; incompatibility.

Irreconcilably

IRRECONCI'LABLY, adverb In a manner that precludes reconciliation. Men may be irreconcilably opposed to each other.

Irreconcile

IRREC'ONCILE, verb transitive To prevent from being reconciled. [Ill.]

Bp. Taylor.

Irreconciled

IRRECONCI'LED, adjective [in and reconciled.]

1. Not reconciled.

2. Not atoned for.

Shak.

Irreconcilement

IRRECONCI'LEMENT, noun Want of reconciliation; disagreement.

Irreconciliation

IRRECONCILIA'TION, noun Want of reconciliation.

Prideaux.

Irrecoverable

IRRECOV'ERABLE, adjective [in and recoverable.]

1. Not to be recovered or repaired; as an irrecoverable loss.

2. That cannot be regained. Time past is irrecoverable.

Rogers.

3. That cannot be obtained by demand or suit; as a debt.

Franklin.

4. Not be remedied; as irrecoverable misery.

Tillotson.

Irrecoverableness

IRRECOV'ERABLENESS, noun The state of being irrecoverable.

Donne.

Irrecoverably

IRRECOV'ERABLY, adverb Beyond recovery; beyond the possibility of being regained, repaired or remedied. Happiness may be irrecoverably lost.

2. Beyond the possibility of being reclaimed. A profligate may be irrecoverably abandoned to vice.

Irrecuperable

IRRECU'PERABLE, adjective [Latin in and recupero, to recover.] Irrecoverable. [Not used.]

Irrecuperably

IRRECU'PERABLY, adverb Irrecoverably. [Not used.]

Irredeemable

IRREDEE'MABLE, adjective [in and redeemable.]

1. That cannot be redeemed.

2. Not subject to be paid at the pleasure of government; as irredeemable debts; irredeemable certificates or stock.

Hamilton. Smollett.

Irredeemableness

IRREDEE'MABLENESS, or IRREDEEMABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being not redeemable.

Irreducible

IRREDU'CIBLE, adjective [in and reducible.] Not to be reduced; that cannot be brought back to a former state.

2. That cannot be reduced or changed to a different state; as corpuscles of air irreducible into water.

Boyle.

Irreducibleness

IRREDU'CIBLENESS, noun The quality of being irreducible.

Irrefragable

IRREFRA'GABLE, adjective [in and refragable, Latin refragor; re and the root of frango, to break.]

That cannot be refuted or overthrown; incontestable; undeniable; as an irrefragable argument; irrefragable reason or evidence.

Atterbury. Swift.

Irrefragableness

IRREFRA'GABLENESS, or IRREFRAGABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being irrefragable or incapable of refutation.

Irrefragably

IRREFRA'GABLY, adverb With force or strength that cannot be overthrown; with certainty beyond refutation. We say, the point in debate was irrefragably proved.

Irrefutable

IRREFU'TABLE, adjective [Low Latin irrefutabilis. See Refute.]

That cannot be refuted or disproved.

Bp. Hall.

Irrefutably

IRREFU'TABLY, adverb Beyond the possibility of refutation.

Romeyn.

Irregeneracy

IRREGEN'ERACY, noun Unregeneracy.

J. M. Mason.

Irregular

IRREG'ULAR, adjective [French irregulier; Latin irregularis; in and regularis, regula. See Regular.]

1. Not regular; not according to common form or rules; as an irregular building or fortification.

2. Not according to established principles or customs; deviating from usage; as the irregular proceedings of a legislative body.

3. Not conformable to nature or the usual operation of natural laws; as an irregular action of the heart and arteries.

4. Not according to the rules of art; immethodical; as irregular verse; an irregular discourse.

5. Not in conformity to laws, human or divine; deviating from the rules of moral rectitude; vicious; as irregular conduct or propensities.

6. Not straight; as an irregular line or course.

7. Not uniform; as irregular motion.

8. In grammar, an irregular noun or verb is one which deviates from the common rules in its inflections.

Irregular

IRREG'ULAR, noun A soldier not in regular service.

Kent.

Irregularity

IRREGULAR'ITY, noun [French irregularitÃƒ-©.]

1. Deviation from a straight line or from any common or established rule; deviation from method or order; as the irregularity of proceedings.

2. Deviation from law, human or divine, or from moral rectitude; inordinate practice; vice. It is a favorable symptom when a profligate man becomes ashamed of his irregularities.

Irregularly

IRREG'ULARLY, adverb Without rule, method or order.

Irregulate

IRREG'ULATE, verb transitive To make irregular; to disorder. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Irrelative

IRREL'ATIVE, adjective [in and relative.] Not relative; unconnected.

Irrelative chords, in music, have no common sound.

Irrelatively

IRREL'ATIVELY, adverb Unconnectedly.

Boyle.

Irrelevancy

IRREL'EVANCY, noun [from irrelevant.] Inapplicability; the quality of not being applicable, or of not serving to aid and support; as the irrelevancy of an argument or of testimony to a case in question.

Irrelevant

IRREL'EVANT, adjective [in and French relever, to raise, from elever, lever, Latin elevo, levo, to raise.]

Not relevant; not applicable or pertment; not serving to support. We call evidence, testimony and arguments irrelevant to a cause, when they are inapplicable to it, or do not serve to support it.

Irrelevantly

IRREL'EVANTLY, adverb Without being to the purpose.

Irrelievable

IRRELIE'VABLE, adjective Not admitting relief.

Hargrave.

Irreligion

IRRELIG'ION, noun [French; in and religion.]

Want of religion, or contempt of it; impiety.

Dryden.

Irreligionist

IRRELIG'IONIST, noun One who is destitute of religious principles; a despiser of religion.

Nott.

Irreligious

IRRELIG'IOUS, adjective [French irreligieux.] Destitute of religious principles; contemning religion; impious; ungodly.

Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and irreligious.

South.

2. Contrary to religion; profane; impious; wicked; as an irreligious speech; irreligious conduct.

Irreligiously

IRRELIG'IOUSLY, adverb With impiety; wickedly.

Irreligiousness

IRRELIG'IOUSNESS, noun Want of religious principles or practices; ungodliness.

Irremeable

IRRE'MEABLE, adjective [Latin irremeabilis; in and remeo, to return; re and meo, to pass.]

Admitting no return; as an irremeable way.

Dryden.

Irremediable

IRREME'DIABLE, adjective [French; in and remediable, from remedy.]

1. Not to be remedied; that cannot be cured; as an irremediable disease or evil.

2. Not to be corrected or redressed; as irremediable error or mischief.

Irremediableness

IRREME'DIABLENESS, noun State of being irremediable.

Irremediably

IRREME'DIABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that precludes remedy, cure or correction.

Bp. Taylor.

Irremissible

IRREMIS'SIBLE, adjective [French; in and rentissible; Latin remitto. See Remit.]

Not to be pardoned; that cannot be forgiven or remitted.

Whiston.

Irremissibleness

IRREMIS'SIBLENESS, noun The quality of being unpardonable.

Hammond.

Irremissibly

IRREMIS'SIBLY, adverb So as not to be pardoned.

Sherwood.

Irremovability

IRREMOVABIL'ITY, noun [See Irremovable.]

The quality or state of being irremovable, or not removable from office.

Irremovable

IRREMOV'ABLE, adjective [in and removable.]

1. That cannot be moved or changed.

Shak.

2. That cannot be legally or constitutionally removed from office.

Irremunerable

IRREMU'NERABLE, adjective [in and remunerable.] That cannot be rewarded.

Irrenowned

IRRENOWN'ED, adjective Not renowned; not celebrated.

Spenser.

Irreparability

IRREPARABIL'ITY, noun [See Irreparable.]

The quality or state of being irreparable, or beyond repair or recovery.

Sterne.

Irreparable

IRREP'ARABLE, adjective [French from Latin irreparabilis. See Repair.]

1. That cannot be repaired or mended; as an irreparable breach.

2. That cannot be recovered or regained; as an irreparable loss.

Milton. Addison.

Irreparably

IRREP'ARABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that precludes recovery or repair.

Irrepealability

IRREPEALABIL'ITY, noun [from irrepealable.] The quality of being irrepealable.

Irrepealable

IRREPE'ALABLE, adjective [in and repealable.] See Repeal.]

That cannot be legally repealed or annulled.

Sullivan.

Irrepealableness

IRREPE'ALABLENESS, noun Irrepealability.

Irrepealably

IRREPE'ALABLY, adverb Beyond the power of repeal.

Irrepentance

IRREPENT'ANCE, noun Want of repentance; impenitence.

Mountagu.

Irrepleviable

IRREPLEV'IABLE, adjective [in and repleviable.] That cannot be replevied.

Irreplevisable

IRREPLEV'ISABLE, adjective [in and replevisable.] That cannot be replevied.

Irreprehensible

IRREPREHENS'IBLE, adjective [in and reprehensible.]

Not reprehensible; not to be blamed or censured; free from fault.

Vattel, Trans.

Irreprehensibleness

IRREPREHENS'IBLENESS, noun The quality of being irreprehensible.

Irreprehensibly

IRREPREHENS'IBLY, adverb In a manner not to incur blame; without blame.

Sherwood.

Irrepresentable

IRREPRESENT'ABLE, adjective [in and represent.]

Not to be represented; that cannot be figured or represented by any image.

Stilling fleet.

Irrepressible

IRREPRESS'IBLE, adjective [in and repressible.]

That cannot be repressed.

Irreproachable

IRREPROACHABLE, adjective [in and reproachable.]

That cannot be justly reproached; free from blame; upright; innocent. An irreproachable life is the highest honor of a rational being.

Irreproachableness

IRREPROACHABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being not reproachable.

Irreproachably

IRREPROACHABLY, adverb In a manner not to deserve reproach; blamelessly; as deportment irreproachably upright.

Irreprovable

IRREPROV'ABLE, adjective [in and reprovable.]

That cannot be justly reproved; blameless; upright.

Irreprovably

IRREPROV'ABLY, adverb So as not to be liable to reproof or blame.

Weever.

Irresistance

IRRESIST'ANCE, n. s as z. [in and resistance.]

Forbearance to resist; non-resistance; passive submission.

Paley.

Irresistibility

IRRESISTIBIL'ITY, or IRRESIST'IBLENESS, noun [from irresistible.]

The quality of being irresistible; power or force beyond resistance or opposition.

Hammond.

Irresistible

IRRESIST'IBLE, adjective [French; in and resistible. See Resist.]

That cannot be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to opposition.

An irresistible law of our nature impels us to seek happiness.

J.M. Mason.

Irresistibly

IRRESIST'IBLY, adverb With a power that cannot be successfully resisted or opposed.

Dryden.

Irresoluble

IRRES'OLUBLE, a. s z. [Latin in and resolvo.]

Not to be dissolved; incapable of dissolution.

Boyle.

Irresolubleness

IRRES'OLUBLENESS, noun The quality of being indissoluble; resistance to separation of parts by heat.

Boyle.

Irresolute

IRRES'OLUTE, a. s as z. [in and resolute.]

Not firm or constant in purpose; not decided; not determined; wavering; given to doubt. Irresolute men either resolve not at all, or resolve and re-resolve.

Irresolutely

IRRES'OLUTELY, adverb Without firmness of mind; without decision.

Irresoluteness

IRRES'OLUTENESS, noun Want of firm determination or purpose; vacillation of mind.

Irresolution

IRRESOLU'TION, noun [French; in and resolution.]

Want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear.

Addison.

Irresolvedly

IRRESOLV'EDLY, adverb s as z. [in and resolved.]

Without settled determination. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Irrespective

IRRESPECT'IVE, adjective [in and respective.]

Not regarding circumstances.

According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the absolute, irrespective will of God.

Rogers.

Irrespectively

IRRESPECT'IVELY, adverb Without regard to circumstances, or not taking them into consideration.

Hammond.

Irrespirable

IRRES'PIRABLE, adjective [in and respirable.]

Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities which support animal life; as irrespirable air.

Irresponsibility

IRRESPONSIBIL'ITY, noun Want of responsibility.

Irresponsible

IRRESPONS'IBLE, adjective [in and responsible.]

Not responsible; not liable or able to answer for consequences; not answerable.

Irretentive

IRRETEN'TIVE, adjective Not retentive or apt to retain.

Skelton.

Irretrievable

IRRETRIE'VABLE, adjective [in and retrievable, from retrieve.]

Not to be recovered or repaired; irrecoverable; irreparable; as an irretrievable loss.

Irretrievableness

IRRETRIE'VABLENESS, noun The state of being irretrievable.

Irretrievably

IRRETRIE'VABLY, adverb Irreparably; irrecoverably; in a manner not to be regained.

Woodward.

Irreturnable

IRRETURN'ABLE, adjective Not to be returned.

Irreverence

IRREV'ERENCE, noun [Latin irreverentia; in and reverentia. See Reverence.]

1. Want of reverence, or want of veneration; want of a due regard to the authority and character of the Supreme Being. Irreverence toward God is analagous to disrespect toward man.

2. The state of being disregarded; applied to men. But this word is appropriately applicable to the Supreme Being and to his laws and institutions.

Irreverent

IRREV'ERENT, adjective [French; in and reverent.]

1. Wanting in reverence and veneration; not entertaining or manifesting due regard to the Supreme Being.

2. Proceeding from irreverence; expressive of a want of veneration; as an irreverent thought, word or phrase.

3. Wanting in respect to superiors.

Milton.

Irreverently

IRREV'ERENTLY, adverb Without due regard to the authority and character of the Supreme Being; in an irreverent manner.

2. Without due respect to superiors.

Irreversible

IRREVERS'IBLE, adjective [in and reversible.]

That cannot be reversed; that cannot be recalled, repealed or annulled; as an irreversible decree or sentence.

Irreversibleness

IRREVERS'IBLENESS, noun State of being irreversible.

Irreversibly

IRREVERS'IBLY, adverb In a manner which precludes a reversal or repeal.

Irrevocability

IRREVOCABIL'ITY, or IRREV'OCABLENESS, noun State of being irrevocable.

Irrevocable

IRREV'OCABLE, adjective [French from Latin irrevocabilis; in and revocabilis, revoco; re and voco, to call.]

Not to be recalled or revoked; that cannot be reversed, repealed or annulled; as an irrevocable decree, sentence, edict or doom; irrevocable fate; an irrevocable promise.

Milton. Dryden.

Irrevocably

IRREV'OCABLY, adverb Beyond recall; in a manner precluding repeal.

Irrevokable

IRREVO'KABLE, adjective [in and revokable.] Not to be recalled; irrevocable.

Asiat. Res.

Irrevoluble

IRREV'OLUBLE, adjective That has no revolution. [Not used.]

Milton.

Irrigate

IR'RIGATE, verb transitive [Latin irrigo; in and rigo, to water.]

1. To water; to wet; to moisten; to bedew.

Ray.

2. To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon it and spread over it.

Irrigated

IR'RIGATED, participle passive Watered; moistened.

Irrigating

IR'RIGATING, participle of the present tense Watering; wetting; moistening.

Irrigation

IRRIGA'TION, noun The act of watering or moistening.

2. In agriculture, the operation of causing water to flow over lands for nourishing plants.

Irriguous

IRRIG'UOUS, adjective [Latin irriguus. See Irrigate.]

1. Watered; watery; moist.

The flowery lap

Of some irriguous valley spreads her store.

Milton.

2. Dewy; moist.

Philips.

Irrision

IRRIS'ION, n. s as z. [Latin irrisio, irrideo; in and rideo, to laugh.] The act of laughing at another.

Woodward.

Irritability

IRRITABIL'ITY, noun [from irritable.] Susceptibility of excitement; the quality of being easily irritated or exasperated; as irritability of temper.

2. In physiology, one of the four faculties of the sensorium, by which fibrous contractions are caused in consequence of the irritations excited by external bodies.

Darwin.

Irritability differs from sensibility; the most irritable parts of the body not being at all sensible, and vice versa. The heart is endued with the greatest irritability.

Haller. Encyc.

Irritable

IR'RITABLE, adjective [from irritate.] Susceptible of excitement, or of heat and action, as animal bodies.

2. Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; as an irritable temper.

3. In physiology, susceptible of contraction, in consequence of the appluse of an external body.

In general, there is nothing irritable in the animal body, but the muscular fibers.

Haller. Encyc.

Irritant

IR'RITANT, adjective Irritating.

Irritant

IR'RITANT, noun That which excites or irritates.

Rush.

Irritate

IR'RITATE, verb transitive [Latin irrito; in and ira, wrath; Welsh irad, pungency, passion, rage; or perhaps more properly from Swedish reta, to provoke; German reitzen, to tickle, vellicate, irritate.]

1. To excite heat and redness in the skin or flesh of living animal bodies, as by friction; to inflame; to fret; as, to irritate a wounded part by a coarse bandage.

2. To excite anger; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate. Never irritate a child for trifling faults. The insolence of a tyrant irritates his subjects.

3. To increase action or violence; to highten excitement in.

Air, if very cold, irritateth the flame.

Bacon.

4. To cause fibrous contractions in an extreme part of the sensorium, as by the appulse of an external body.

Darwin.

Irritated

IR'RITATED, participle passive Excited; provoked; caused to contract.

Irritating

IR'RITATING, participle of the present tense Exciting; angering; provoking; causing to contract.

Irritation

IRRITA'TION, noun The operation of exciting heat, action and redness in the skin or flesh of living animals, by friction or other means.

2. The excitement of action in the animal system by the application of food, medicines and the like.

3. Excitement of anger or passion; provocation; exasperation; anger.

4. In physiology, an exertion or change of some extreme part of the sensorium residing in the muscles or organs of sense, in consequence of the appulses of external bodies.

Darwin.

Irritation is the effect of a stimulus applied to an irritable part.

Coxe.

Irritative

IR'RITATIVE, adjective Serving to excite or irritate.

2. Accompanied with or produced by increased action or irritation; as an irritative fever.

Darwin.

Irritatory

IR'RITATORY, adjective Exciting; stimulating.

Hales.

Irroration

IRRORA'TION, noun [Latin irroratio; in and ros.]

The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with dew.

Spallanzani, Trans.

Irruption

IRRUP'TION, noun [French from Latin irruptio; in and rumpo, to break or burst.]

1. A bursting in; a breaking or sudden, violent rushing into a place. Holland has been often inundated by irruptions of the sea.

2. A sudden invasion or incursion; a sudden, violent inroad, or entrance of invaders into a place or country; as the irruption of the northern nations into France and Italy.

Irruptive

IRRUP'TIVE, adjective Rushing in or upon.

Is

IS, v. i. iz. [Saxon is; German ist; Dutch is; Latin est; Greek; Sanscrit asti; Pers. est or hist.]

The third person singular of the substantive verb, which is composed of three or four distinct roots, which appear in the words am, be, are, and is. Is and was coincide with the Latin esse, and Gothic wesan. In the indicative, present tense, it is thus varied; I am, thou art, he, she, or it, is; we, ye or you, they, are. In writing and speaking, the vowel is often dropped; as, he's gone; there's none left.

Isabel

IS'ABEL, noun [French isabelle.] Isabel yellow is a brownish yellow, with a shade of brownish red.

Kirwan.

Isagogic

ISAGOG'IC, or ISAGOG'ICAL, adjective [Greek.] Introductory.

Gregory.

Isagon

IS'AGON, noun [Greek, equal, and, an angle.] A figure whose angles are equal.

Isatis

IS'ATIS, noun In zoology, the arctic fox or Canis lagopus.

Encyc.

Ischiadic

ISCHIAD'IC, adjective [Latin ischiadicus, from ischias, the sciatica, from ischium, the hip; Greek,.]

Pertaining to the hip. The ischiadic passion or disease is ranked by Cullen with rheumatism. It is a rheumatic affection of the hip joint. It is called also sciatica. It is sometimes seated in the tendinous expansion which covers the muscles of the thigh, but its most common seat is in the muscles, or in the capsular ligament, and it is then either rheumatic or gouty.

Parr. Johnson.

Ischuretic

ISCHURET'IC, adjective [See Ischury.] Having the quality of relieving ischury.

Ischuretic

ISCHURET'IC, noun A medicine adapted to relieve ischury.

Coxe.

Ischury

IS'CHURY, noun [Greek, from, to stop, and, urine.]

A stoppage or suppression of urine.

Coxe. Encyc.

Iserin

IS'ERIN, or IS'ERINE, noun [German eisen, iron.] A mineral of an iron black color, and of a splendent metallic luster, occuring in small obtuse angular grains. It is harder than feldspar, and consists of the oxyds of iron and titanium, with a small portion of uranium.

Ure.

Ish, a termination of English words, is, in Saxon isc, Danish isk, German isch; and not improbably, it is the termination esque, in French, as in grotesque, Italian esco, in grotesco, and the Latin termination of the in- verb, as in fervesco. Annexed to English adjectives, ish denotes diminution, or a small degree of the quality; as whitish, from white; yellowish, from yellow.

Ish annexed to names forms a possessive adjective; as in Swedish, Danish, English.

Ish annexed to common nouns forms an adjective denoting a participation of the qualities expressed by the noun; as foolish, from fool; roguish, from rogue; brutish, from brute. This is the more common use of this termination.

Isicle

I'SICLE, a pendant shoot of ice, is more generally written icicle. [See Ice and Icicle.]

Isinglass

I'SINGLASS, n. i'zinglass. [that is, ise or ice-glass.]

A substance consisting chiefly of gelatin, of a firm texture and whitish color, prepared from the sounds or air-bladders of certain fresh water fishes, particularly of the huso, a fish of the sturgeon kind, found in the rivers of Russia. It is used as an agglutinant, and in fining wines.

Encyc.

Isinglass-Stone

ISINGLASS-STONE. [See Mica.]

Islamism

IS'LAMISM, noun [from the Arabic salama, to be free, safe or devoted to God.]

The true faith, according to the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism.

Encyc.

Island

ISLAND, n. i'land. [This is an absurd compound of isle and land, that is, land-in-water land, or ieland-land. There is no such legitimate word in English, and it is found only in books. The genuine word always used in discourse is our native word, Saxon ealond, Dutch German eiland.]

1. A tract of land surrounded by water.

2. A large mass of floating ice, is called an island of ice.

Islander

I'SLANDER, n. i'lander. An inhabitant of an ieland.

Isle

ISLE, or ILE, n. ile. [French isle or Ãƒ-®le, from Italian isola, Latin insula.]

1. A tract of land surrounded by water, or a detached portion of land embosomed in the ocean, in a lake or river.

The isles shall wait for his law. Isaiah 42.

2. A passage in a church. [See Aisle.]

Islet

ISLET, n. i'let. A little ieland.

Isochronal

ISOCH'RONAL, or ISOCH'RONOUS, adjective [Greek, equal, and, time.]

Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times.

An isochronal line, is that in which a heavy body is supposed to descend without acceleration.

Bailey.

Isochronal vibrations of a pendulum are such as are performed in the same space of time.

Encyc.

Isolate

IS'OLATE, verb transitive [Italian isola, an isle or ieland.]

To place in a detached situation; to place by itself; to insulate.

Med. Repos.

Isolated

IS'OLATED, participle passive or adjective [French isolÃƒ-©; Italian isolato, from isola, an isle.]

Standing detached from others of a like kind; placed by itself or alone.

Isolating

IS'OLATING, participle of the present tense Placing by itself or detached like an isle.

Isomorphism

ISOMORPH'ISM, noun [Greek, like, and, form.]

The quality of a substance by which it is capable of replacing another in a compound, without an alteration of its primitive form.

Isomorphous

ISOMORPH'OUS, adjective Capable of retaining its primitive form in a compound.

Ed. Rev.

Isonomy

IS'ONOMY, noun [Greek, equal, and, law.]

Equal law; equal distribution of rights and privileges.

Mitford.

Isoperimetrical

ISOPERIMET'RICAL, adjective [See Isoperimetry.]

Having equal boundaries; as isoperimetrical figures or bodies.

Isoperimetry

ISOPERIM'ETRY, noun [Greek, equal, around, and, measure.]

In geometry, the science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries.

Isosceles

ISOS'CELES, adjective [Greek; equal, and, leg.]

Having two legs only that are equal; as an isosceles triangle.

Israelite

IS'RAELITE, noun A descendant of Israel or Jacob; a Jew.

Israelitic

ISRAELIT'IC, or ISRAELI'TISH, adjective Pertaining to Israel.

J. P. Smith.

Isothermal

ISOTHERM'AL, adjective [Greek, equal, proper, and, heat.] Warned by its own heat.

Ure.

Isotonic

ISOTON'IC, adjective [Greek, equal, and, tone.]

Having equal tones. The isotonic system, in music, consists of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.

Issuable

IS'SUABLE, adjective [from issue.] That may be issued. In law, an issuable term, is one in which issues are made up.

Blackstone.

Issue

ISSUE, n. ish'u. [French issue; It uscio, a door, and uscire, to go out. It may coincide in origin with Hebrew Chaldee, Ethiopic watsa.]

1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out of any inclosed place; egress; applied to water or other fluid, to smoke, to a body of men, &c. We say, an issue of water from a pipe, from a spring, or from a river; an issue of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows; an issue of people from a door or house.

2. A sending out; as the issue of an order from a commanding officer or from a court; the issue of money from a treasury.

3. Event; consequence; end or ultimate result. Our present condition will be best for us in the issue.

4. Passage out; outlet.

To God the Lord belong the issues from death. Psalm 68.

5. Progeny; a child or children; offspring; as, he had issue, a son; and we speak of issue of the whole blood or half blood. A man dies without issue.

6. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements or other property. A conveyed to B all his right to a term for years, with all the issues, rents and profits.

7. In surgery, a fontanel; a little ulcer made in some part of an animal body, to promote discharges.

Encyc.

8. Evacuation; discharge; a flux or running. Leviticus 12. Matthew 9.

9. In law, the close of result or pleadings; the point of matter depending in suit, on which the parties join, and put the case to trial by a jury.

Cowel.

10. A giving out from a repository; delivery; as an issue of rations or provisions from a store, or of powder from a magazine.

Issue

IS'SUE, verb intransitive [Italian uscire. See the Noun.]

1. To pass or flow out; to run out of any inclosed place; to proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; blood issues from wounds; sap or gum issues from trees; light issues from the sun.

2. To go out; to rush out. Troops issued from the town and attacked the besiegers.

3. To proceed, as progeny; to spring.

Of thy sons that shall issue from theeÃ‚--2 Kings 20.

4. To proceed; to be produced; to arise; to grow or accrue; as rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.

5. In legal pleadings, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join and rest the decision of the cause. Our lawyers say, a cause issues to the court or to the jury; it issues in demurrer.

6. To close; to end. We know not how the cause will issue.

Issue

IS'SUE, verb transitive To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue money from a treasury, or notes from a bank.

2. To send out; to deliver from authority; as, to issue an order from the department of war; to issue a writ or precept.

3. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions from a store.

Issued

IS'SUED, participle passive Descended; sent out.

Shak.

Issueless

IS'SUELESS, adjective Having no issue or progeny; wanting children.

Shak.

Issuing

IS'SUING, participle of the present tense Flowing or passing out; proceeding from; sending out.

Issuing

IS'SUING, noun A flowing or passing out.

2. Emission; a sending out, as of bills or notes.

Isthmus

ISTHMUS, n. ist'mus. [Latin from Greek.]

A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the main land. Such is the Neck, so called, which connects Boston with the main land at Roxbury. But the word is applied to land of considerable extent, between seas; as the isthmus of Darien, which connects North and South America, and the isthmus between the Euxine and Caspian seas.

It

IT, pron. [Saxon hit; Dutch het; German es; Latin id.]

1. A substitute or pronoun of the neuter geuder, sometimes called demonstrative, and standing for any thing except males and females. ``Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life.' Proverbs 4. Here it is the substitute for heart.

2. It is much used as the nominative case or word to verbs called impersonal; as it rains; it snows. In this case, there is no determinate thing to which it be reffered.

In other cases, it may be referred to matter, affair, or some other word. Is it come to this?

3. Very often, it is used to introduce a sentence, preceding a verb as a nominative, but referring to a clause or distinct member of the sentence. ``It is well ascertained, that the figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid.' What is well ascertained?

The answer will show: the figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid; it [that] is well ascertained. Here it represents the clause of the sentence, ``the figure of the earth,' &c. If the order of the sentence is inverted, the use of it is superseded. The figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid; that is well ascertained.

It, like that, is often a substitute for a sentence or clause of a sentence.

4. It often begins a sentence, when a personal pronoun, or the name of a person, or a masculine noun follows. It is I: be not afraid. It was Judas who betrayed Christ. When a question is asked, it follows the verb; as, who was it that betrayed Christ?

5. It is used also for the state of a person or affair.

How is it with our general?

Shak.

6. It is used after intransitive verbs very indefinitely and sometimes ludicrously, but rarely in an elevated style.

If Abraham brought all with him, it is not probable he meant to walk it back for his pleasure.

Raleigh.

The Lacedemonians, at the straits of Thermopylae, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth.

Dryden.

Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it.

Pope.

Italian

ITAL'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Italy.

Italian

ITAL'IAN, noun A native of Italy.

2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.

Italianate

ITAL'IANATE, verb transitive To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs.

Italianize

ITAL'IANIZE, verb intransitive To play the Italian; to speak Italian.

Cotgrave.

Italic

ITAL'IC, adjective Relating to Italy or its characters.

Italicize

ITAL'ICIZE, verb transitive To write or print in Italic characters.

Italics

ITAL'ICS, n. plu. Italic letters or characters; characters first used in Italy, and which stand inclining; the letters in which this clause is printed. They are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, &c.

Itch

ITCH, noun [Saxon gictha; Dutch jeukte; Chaldee; Arabic; Ethiopic hakke. See the Verb.]

1. A cutaneous disease of the human race, appearing in small watery pustules on the skin, accompanied with an uneasiness or irritation that inclines the patient to use friction. This disease is supposed by some authors to be occasioned by a small insect, a species of Acarus, as the microscope detects these insects in the vesicles. Others suppose the pustules only form a nidus for the insects. This disease is taken only by contact or contagion.

2. The sensation in the skin occasioned by the disease.

3. A constant teasing desire; as an itch for praise; an itch for scribbling.

Dryden.

Itch

ITCH, verb intransitive [German jucken, Dutch jeuken, to itch;

Chaldee; Arabic; Ethiopic hakak, to scratch. Hence Arabic to be affected with the itch. Class Cg. No. 22.]

1. To feel a particular uneasiness in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part.

2. To have a constant desire or teasing inclination; as itching ears. 2 Timothy 4.

Itching

ITCH'ING, participle of the present tense Having a sensation that calls for scratching.

2. Having a constant desire.

Itchy

ITCH'Y, adjective Infected with the itch.

Item

I'TEM, adverb [Latin item, also.] Also; a word used when something is to be added.

Item

I'TEM, noun An article; a separate particular in an account. The account consists of many items.

2. A hint; an innuendo.

Item

I'TEM, verb transitive To make a note or memorandum of.

Addison.

Iterable

IT'ERABLE, adjective That may be repeated. [Not used.]

Brown.

Iterant

IT'ERANT, adjective [See Iterate.] Repeating; as an iterant echo.

Bacon.

Iterate

IT'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin itero, to repeat, from iter, a going.]

To repeat; to utter or do a second time; as, to iterate advice or admonition; to iterate a trespass.

Iterated

IT'ERATED, participle passive Repeated.

Iterating

IT'ERATING, participle of the present tense Repeating; uttering or doing over again.

Iteration

ITERA'TION, noun [Latin iteratio.] Repetition; recital or performance a second time.

Bacon.

Iterative

IT'ERATIVE, adjective Repeating.

Itinerant

ITIN'ERANT, adjective [Latin iter, a way or journey.]

Passing or traveling about a country; wandering; not settled; as an itinerant preacher.

Itinerant

ITIN'ERANT, noun One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.

Itinerary

ITIN'ERARY, noun [French itineraire; Low Latin itinerarium, from iter, a going.]

An account of travels or of the distances of places; as the itinerary of Antoninus.

Itinerary

ITIN'ERARY, adjective Traveling; passing from place to place, or done on a journey.

Bacon.

Itinerate

ITIN'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin iter, a going; Low Latin itinero.]

To travel from place to place, particularly for the purpose of preaching; to wander without a settled habitation.

Itself

ITSELF', pronoun [it and self.] The neutral reciprocal pronoun, or substitute applied to things. The thing is good in itself; it stands by itself.

Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor.

Locke.

Ittrium

IT'TRIUM, noun The undecomposable base of yttria; but better written yttrium, unless yttria should be written ittric.

Ivory

I'VORY, noun [French ivoire; Italian avorio; Latin ebur.] The tusk of an elephant, a hard, solid substance, of a fine white color. This tooth is sometimes six or seven feet in length, hollow from the base to a certain highth, and filled with a compact medullary substance, seeming to contain a great number of glands. The ivory of Ceylon and Achem does not become yellow in wearing, and hence is preferred to that of Guinea.

Encyc.

Ivory

I'VORY, adjective Consisting of ivory; as an ivory comb.

Ivory-Black

I'VORY-BLACK, noun A fine kind of soft blacking.

Ivy

I'VY, noun [Saxon ifig; German epheu.] A parasitic plant of the genus Hedera, which creeps along the ground, or if it finds support, rises on trees or buildings, climbing to a great highth.

Direct the clasping ivy where to climb.

Milton.

Ivyed

I'VYED, adjective Overgrown with ivy.

Warton.

J

J

J. This letter has been added to the English Alphabet in modern days; the letter I being written formerly in words where J is now used. It seems to have had the sound of y, in many words, as it still has in the German. The English sound of this letter may be expressed by dzh, or edzh, a compound sound coinciding exactly with that of g, in genius; the French j, with the articulation d preceding it. It is the tenth letter of the English Alphabet.

Jabber

JAB'BER, verb intransitive [Dutch gabberen, or French jaboter. Class Gb.]

To talk rapidly or indistinctly; to chatter; to prate.

Swift.

Jabber

JAB'BER, noun Rapid talk with indistinct utterance of words.

Swift.

Jabberer

JAB'BERER, noun One that talks rapidly, indistinctly or unintelligibly.

Jabbering

JAB'BERING, participle of the present tense Prating; talking rapidly and confusedly.

Jabberment

JAB'BERMENT, noun Idle prate. Obs.

Milton.

Jabiru

JAB'IRU, noun An aquatic fowl of the crane kind.

The Jabiru is the Mycteria Americana. It resembles the stork.

Cuvier.

Jacamar

JACAMAR, noun A kind of fowls arranged by Linne under the genus Alcedo; but their toes are differently placed, and their food consists of insects. They are about the size of a lark. Numerous species are described.

Encyc.

The Jacamars are arranged in a separate genus, Galbula, and along with the woodpeckers in the order of climbers.

Cuvier.

Jacent

JA'CENT, adjective [Latin jacens, jaceo, to lie.] Lying at length.

Wotton.

Jacinth

JA'CINTH, noun [a different orthography of Hyacinth.]

1. A genus of plants. [See Hyacinth.]

2. A species of pellucid gems. [See Hyacinth.] Revelation 21.

Jack

JACK, noun [zeku, in Ethiopio, is the pronoun he, or she.]

1. A nickname or diminutive of John, used as a general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow.

Johnson.

2. The name of an instrument that supplies the place of a boy; an instrument to pull off boots.

Watts.

3. An engine to turn a spit; as a kitchen jack; a smoke jack.

4. A young pike.

Mortimer.

5. A coat of mail. [Spanishxaco, xaqueta.]

Hayward.

6. A pitcher of waxed lether.

Dryden.

7. A small bowl thrown out for a mark to the bowlers.

8. Part of a musical instrument called a virginal.

Bacon.

9. The male of certain animals, as of the ass. [Armoric ozach, a husband.]

Arbuthnot.

10. A horse or wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed.

Ainsworth.

11. In sea-language, a flag, ensign or colors, displayed from a staff on the end of a bowsprit.

Mar. Dict.

12. In Yorkshire, half a pint. Grose. A quarter of a pint.

Pegge.

Jack at all trades, a person who can turn his hand to any kind of business.

Jack by the hedge, a plant of the genus Erysimum, that grows under hedges.

Fam. of Plants.

Jack in a box, a plant of the genus Hernandia.

2. A large wooden male screw, turning in a female one.

Mar. Dict.

Jack with a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a meteor that appears in low moist lands.

Jack of the clock-house, a little man that strikes the quarters in a clock.

Jackalent

JACK'ALENT, noun [Jack in lent, a poor starved fellow.]

A simple sheepish fellow.

Shak.

Jackanapes

JACK'ANAPES, noun [jack and ape.] A monkey; an ape.

2. A coxcomb; an impertinent fellow.

A young upstart jackanapes.

Arbuthnot.

Jackass

JACK'ASS, noun The male of the ass.

Jack-Block

JACK'-BLOCK, noun A block attached to the top-gallant-tie of a ship, to sway up or to strike the yard.

Mar. Dict.

Jackboots

JACK'BOOTS, noun [See No. 5. supra.] Boots that serve as armor for the legs.

Spectator.

Jackdaw

JACK'DAW, noun [jack and daw.] A fowl of the genus Corvus, thievish and mischievous to the farmer.

Encyc.

Jackflag

JACK'FLAG, noun A flag hoisted at the spritsail top-mast-head.

Encyc.

Jackpudding

JACK'PUDDING, noun [jack and pudding.] A merry Andrew; a buffoon; a zany.

Gay.

Jacksmith

JACK'SMITH, noun A smith who makes jacks for the chimney.

Jackal

JACK'AL, noun [Spanish chacal; Turk. chical.] An animal of the genus Canis, resembling a dog and a fox; a native of Asia and Africa. It preys on poultry and other small animals. It is the Canis aureus of Linne.

Encyc. Cyc.

Jacket

JACK'ET, noun [Spanish xaqueta, a short loose coat; xaco, a short jacket; xaquetilla, a jacket; French jaquette; Basque, jacaya.] A short close garment worn by males, extending downwards to the hips; a short coat.

Jacketed

JACK'ETED, adjective Wearing a jacket.

Jacobin

JAC'OBIN, noun [So named from the place of meeting, which was the monastery of the monks called Jacobines.]

The Jacobins, in France, during the late revolution, were a society of violent revolutionists, who held secret meetings in which measures were concerted to direct the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence, a Jacobin is the member of a club, or other person, who opposes government in a secret and unlawful manner or by violent means; a turbulent demagogue.

Jacobine

JAC'OBINE, noun A monk of the order of Dominicans.

2. A pigeon with a high tuft.

Ainsworth.

Jacobinic

JACOBIN'IC, or JACOBIN'ICAL, adjective Resembling the Jacobins of France; turbulent; discontented with government; holding democratic principles.

Jacobinism

JAC'OBINISM, noun Jacobinic principles; unreasonable or violent opposition to legitimate government; an attempt to overthrow or change government by secret cabals or irregular means; popular turbulence.

Jacobinize

JAC'OBINIZE, verb transitive To taint with Jacobinism.

Burke.

Jacobite

JAC'OBITE, noun [from Jacobus, James.] A partizan or adherent of James II. king of England, after he abdicated the throne, and of his descendants; of course, an opposer of the revolution in 1688, in favor of William and Mary.

Bolingbroke.

2. One of a sect of christians in Syria and Mesopotamia, who hold that Jesus Christ had but one nature.

Encyc. Cyc.

Jacobite

JAC'OBITE, adjective Pertaining to the partizans of James II.

Jacobitism

JAC'OBITISM, noun The principles of the partizans of James II.

Mason.

Jacobs-Ladder

JACOB'S-LADDER, noun A plant of the genus Polemonium.

Fam. of Plants.

Jacobs-Staff

JACOB'S-ST`AFF, noun A pilgrim's staff.

2. A staff concealing a dagger.

3. A cross staff; a kind of astrolabe.

Johnson.

Jacobus

JAC'OBUS, noun [Jacobus, James.] A gold coin, value twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.

L'Estrange.

Jaconet

JACONET', noun A kind of coarse muslin.

Jactancy

JAC'TANCY, noun [Latin jactantia.] A boasting. [Not used.]

Jactitation

JAC'TITATION, noun [Latin jactito, jacto. ought rather to be jactation, Latin jactatio.]

1. A tossing of the body; restlessness.

Harvey.

2. A term in the canon law for a false pretension to marriage; vain boasting.

Johnson.

Jaculate

JAC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin jaculor.] To dart.

Jaculation

JACULA'TION, noun The action of darting, throwing or lanching, as missive weapons.

Milton.

Jaculator

JAC'ULATOR, noun The shooting fish, a species of Chaetodon.

Jaculatory

JAC'ULATORY, adjective Darting or throwing out suddenly, or suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences. [See Ejuculatory.]

Jade

JADE, noun [of unknown origin. Qu. Spanish jadear, to pant.]

1. A mean or poor horse; a tired horse; a worthless nag.

Tired as a jade in overloaden cart.

Sidney.

2. A mean woman; a word of contempt, noting sometimes age, but generally vice.

Johnson.

She shines the first of battered jades.

Swift.

3. A young woman; in irony or slight contempt.

Addison.

Jade

JADE, noun A mineral called also nephrite or nephritic stone, remarkable for its hardness and tenacity, of a color more or less green, and of a resinous or oily aspect when polished. It is fusible into a glass or enamel. Cleaveland divides jade into three subspecies, nephrite, saussurite and axestone. It is found in detached masses or inhering in rocks.

Werner. Jameson. Cleaveland.

Jade

JADE, verb transitive To tire; to fatigue; to weary with hard service; as, to jade a horse.

2. To weary with attention or study; to tire.

The mind once jaded by an attempt above its power, is very hardly brought to exert its force again.

Locke.

3. To harass; to crush.

Shak.

4. To tire or wear out in mean offices; as a jaded groom.

Shak.

5. To ride; to rule with tyranny.

I do not now fool myself, to let imagination jade me.

Shak.

Jade

JADE, verb intransitive To become weary; to lose spirit; to sink.

They are promising in the beginning, but they fail and jade and tire in the prosecution.

South.

Jaded

JA'DED, participle passive Tired; wearied; fatigued; harassed.

Jadery

JA'DERY, noun The tricks of a jade.

Beaum.

Jading

JA'DING, participle of the present tense Tiring; wearying; harasing.

Jadish

JA'DISH, adjective Vitious; bad, like a jade.

2. Unchaste.

L'Estrange.

Jag

JAG, noun [Spanish zaga, a load, packed on the back part of a carriage. Qu.] A small load.

New-England.

Jagg

JAGG, verb transitive [perhaps German zacken, a tooth, a prong, to indent; Swedish tagg, a sharp point.]

To notch; to cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw.

Jagg

JAGG, or JAG, noun A tooth of a saw; a denticulation. In botany, a cleft or division.

Martyn.

Jagged

JAG'GED, participle passive Notched; uneven.

2. adjective Having notches or teeth; cleft; divided; laciniate; as jagged leaves.

Jaggedness

JAG'GEDNESS, noun The state of being denticulated; unevenness.

Peacham.

Jagging

JAG'GING, participle of the present tense Notching; cutting into teeth; dividing.

Jaggy

JAG'GY, adjective Set with teeth; denticulated; uneven.

Addison.

Jaguar

JAGUAR', noun The American tiger, or once of Brasil, belonging to the genus Felis.

Cyc.

Jah

JAH, noun Jehovah.

Jail

JAIL, noun [French geol; Armoric geol or jol; Spanish jaula, a cage, a cell. Sometimes written very improperly gaol, and as improperly pronounced gole.]

A prison; a building or place for the confinement of persons arrested for debt or for crime, and held in the custody of the sheriff.

Jailbird

JA'ILBIRD, noun A prisoner; one who has been confined in prison.

Jailer

JA'ILER, noun The keeper of a prison.

Jailfever

JA'ILFEVER, noun A contagious and fatal fever generated in jails and other places crowded with people.

Jakes

JAKES, noun [Qu. Latin jacio, to throw.] A house of office or back-house; a privy.

Swift.

Jalap

JAL'AP, noun [Portugese jalapa; French jalap; Spanish xalapa; so called from Xalapa, a province in Mexico, whence it is imported.]

The root of a plant, a species of Convolvulus. It is brought in thin transverse slices, and also whole, of an oval shape, hard, solid and heavy. It has little or no taste or smell, but is much used in powder as a cathartic.

Cyc.

Jam

JAM, noun A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar and water.

2. A kind of frock for children.

Jam

JAM, verb transitive [Russian jem, a press; jmu, to press.]

1. To press; to crowd; to wedge in.

2. In England, to tread hard or make firm by treading, as land by cattle.

Grose.

Jam

JAM, or JAMB, noun Among the lead miners of Mendip, a thick bed of stone which hinders them when pursuing the veins of ore.

Cyc.

Jamb

JAMB, n. jam. [French jambe, a leg; jambes de force, a corbel or pier; Italian gamba, a leg; gambo, a stem or stalk.]

In architecture, a supporter; the side-piece or post of a door; the side-piece of a fire-place.

Jambee

JAMBEE', noun A name formerly given to a fashionable cane.

Tatler.

Jambeux

JAM'BEUX, noun [supra.] Armor for the legs. Obs.

Dryden.

Jane

JANE, noun A coin of Genoa.

Spenser.

2. A kind of fustian.

Jangle

JAN'GLE, verb intransitive [German zanken.] To quarrel in words; to altercate; to bicker; to wrangle.

Shak.

Jangle

JAN'GLE, verb transitive To cause to sound untunably or discordantly.

Ã‚--E'er monkish rhymes

Had jangl'd their fantastic chimes.

Prior.

Jangler

JAN'GLER, noun A wrangling, noisy fellow.

Jangling

JAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Wrangling; quarreling; sounding discordantly.

Jangling

JAN'GLING, noun A noisy dispute; a wrangling.

Janitor

JAN'ITOR, noun [Latin] A door-keeper; a porter.

Warton.

Janizarian

JANIZA'RIAN, noun Pertaining to the Janizaries, or their government.

Burke.

Janizary

JAN'IZARY, noun [Turkish, yeniskeri; yeni and askari, new troops. Eton.]

A soldier of the Turkish foot guards. The Janizaries were a body of infantry, and reputed the Grand Seignor's guards. They became turbulent, and rising in arms against the Sultan, were attacked, defeated and destroyed in Constantinople, in June 1826.

Jannock

JAN'NOCK, noun Oat-bread. [Local.]

Jansenism

JAN'SENISM, noun The doctrine of Jansen, bishop of Ypres, in Flanders.

Jant

J'ANT, verb intransitive [In French jante is the felly of a wheel, and the original root signified probably to extend or to run, to ramble.]

To ramble here and there; to make an excursion.

Shak.

Jant

J`ANT, noun An excursion; a ramble; a short journey.

Milton.

Jantily

J`ANTILY, adverb [from janty.] Briskly; airily; gayly.

Jantiness

J`ANTINESS, noun Airiness; flutter; briskness.

Janty

J`ANTY, adjective Airy; showy; fluttering; finical.

Hobbes.

January

JAN'UARY, noun [Irish gionbhar or gionvar; Russian genvar; French janvier; Italian gennaio; Spanish enero; Portugese janeiro; Latinjanuarius. It is evident from the Irish and Russian words, that the first syllable of January, is from the root of Latin geno, to beget, to begin, Saxon aginnan. Var is said to signify a revolution. January then signifies the beginning, or first month. Janus is probably from the same root.]

The first month of the year, according to the present computation. At the foundation of Rome, March was considered the first month. January and February were introduced by Numa Pompilius.

Encyc.

Japan

JAPAN', noun [from the country in Asia, so called.]

This name is given to work varnished and figured in the manner practiced by the natives of Japan.

Encyc. Cyc.

Japan-Earth

JAPAN-EARTH, noun Catechu, a combination of gummy and resinous matter, obtained from the juice of a species of palm tree.

Nicholson.

Japan-earth or catechu, is obtained by decoction and evaporation from a species of Mimosa. It consists chiefly of tannin combined with a peculiar species of extractive.

Thomson.

Japan

JAPAN', verb transitive To varnish in the manner of the Japanese.

2. To black and gloss, as in blacking shoes or boots.

Gay.

Japanese

JAPANE'SE, adjective Pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants.

Japanese

JAPANE'SE, noun A native of Japan; or the language of the inhabitants.

Japanned

JAPAN'NED, participle passive Varnished in a particular manner.

Japanner

JAPAN'NER, noun One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.

2. A shoe-blacker.

Pope.

Japanning

JAPAN'NING, participle of the present tense Varnishing in the manner of the Japanese; giving a glossy black surface.

Japanning

JAPAN'NING, noun The art of varnishing and drawing figures on wood or other material, in the manner practiced by the Japanese.

Encyc.

Jape

JAPE, verb intransitive [Icelandic geipa.] To jest. Obs.

Chaucer.

Jape

JAPE, verb transitive [Saxon geap, deceitful.] To cheat. Obs.

Chaucer.

Jape

JAPE, noun A jest; a trick. Obs.

Chaucer.

Japer

JA'PER, noun A jester. Obs.

Japhetic

JAPHET'IC, adjective Pertaining to Japheth, the eldest son of Noah; as the Japhetic nations, which people the North of Asia and all Europe; Japhetic languages.

Japu

JAP'U, noun A bird of Brasil that suspends its nest.

Jar

J'AR, verb intransitive To strike together with a short rattle or tremulous sound; to strike untunably or harshly; to strike discordantly; as a jarring sound.

A string may jar in the best master's hand.

Roscommon.

2. To clash; to interfere; to act in opposition; to be inconsistent.

For orders and degrees

Jar not with liberty, but well consist.

Milton.

3. To quarrel; to dispute; to clash in words.

Dryden.

4. To vibrate regularly; to repeat the same sound.

Shak.

Jar

J`AR, verb transitive To shake; to cause to tremble; to cause a short tremulous motion in a thing.

Jar

J`AR, noun A rattling vibration of sound; a shake; as a trembling jar.

Holder.

2. A harsh sound; discord.

3. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate.

And yet his peace is but continual jar.

Spenser.

4. The state of a door half open, or ready to move and strike the post.

Swift.

5. Repetition of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock.

Shak.

Jar

J`AR, noun [Spanish jarra, jarro; Portugese id.; Italian giarro.]

A vessel with a large belly and broad mouth, made of earth or glass; as a jar of honey.

Dryden.

We say, an electrical battery of nine jars.

2. A certain measure; as a jar of oil.

Jararaca

JARARACA, noun A species of serpent in America, seldom exceeding 18 inches in length, having prominent veins on its head, and of a dusky brownish color, variegated with red and black spots. It is very poisonous.

Cyc.

Jarble

J`ARBLE, or JAV'EL, verb transitive To bemire. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Jardes

JARDES, noun [French] Callous tumors on the legs of a horse, below the bend of the ham on the outside.

Far. Dict.

Jargle

J`ARGLE, verb intransitive To emit a harsh or shrill sound. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Jargon

J`ARGON, noun [French jargon; Italian gergo, gergone; Spanish xerga, jargon, and coarse frieze, serge.]

1. Confused, unintelligible talk or language; gabble; gibberish; cant.

All jargon of the schools.

Prior.

2. A mineral, usually of a gray or greenish white color, in small irregular grains, or crystalized in quadrangular prisms surmounted with pyramids, or in octahedrons consisting of double quadrangular prisms. [See Zircon.]

Kirwan.

Jargonelle

JARGONELLE, n. jargonel'. A species of pear.

Jargonic

JARGON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the mineral jargon.

Jarred

J`ARRED, participle passive [from jar.] Shaken.

Jarring

J`ARRING, participle of the present tense Shaking; making a harsh sound; discordant.

Jarring

J`ARRING, noun A shaking; discord; dispute; collision.

Burnet.

Jashawk

JAS'HAWK, noun A young hawk.

Ainsworth.

Jasmin

JAS'MIN, or JAS'MINE, noun [French jasmin; Spanish jazmin; Italian gelsomino. The Arabic is. It is sometimes written in English jessamine.]

A plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing beautiful flowers. There are several species. The common white jasmin is a climbing shrub, rising on supports 15 or 20 feet high. The name is also given to several plants of different genera; as the Arabian Jasmin, of the genus Nyctanthes; the bastard Jasmin, of the genus Cestrum, and also of the genus Lycium; the Persian Jasmin, of the genus Syringa; the red Jasmin, of the genus Plumeria; the scarlet and yellow Jasmin, of the genus Bignonia, &c.

Encyc.

Jaspachate

JAS'PACHATE, noun A name anciently given to some varieties of agate jasper.

Cyc.

Jasper

J`ASPER, noun [French jaspe; Latin iaspis; Greek; Italian diaspro; Arabic; Hebrew.]

A mineral of the siliceous kind, and of several varieties. It is less hard than flint or even than common quartz, but gives fire with steel. It is entirely opake, or some-times feebly translucent at the edges, and it presents almost every variety of color. Its varieties are common jasper, striped jasper, Egyptian jasper, &c. It admits of an elegant polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes, &c.

Cleaveland. Kirwan.

Jasper is a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz, of five kinds, Egyptian, striped, porcelain, common, and agate jasper.

Jameson.

Jasperated

J`ASPERATED, adjective Mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as jasperated agate.

Fourcroy.

Jaspidean

JASPIDE'AN, adjective Like jasper; consisting of jasper, or partaking of jasper.

Kirwan.

Jasponyx

J`ASPONYX, noun The purest horn-colored onyx, with beautiful green zones, composed of genuine matter of the finest jaspers.

Encyc.

Jaunce

JAUNCE, verb intransitive [French jancer.] To bustle; to jaunt. Obs.

Shak.

Jaundice

JAUNDICE, n. j`andis. [French jaunisse, from jaune, yellow.]

A disease which is characterized by a suffusion of bile over the coats of the eye and the whole surface of the body, by which they are tinged with a yellow color. Hence its name.

Jaundiced

JAUNDICED, a. j`andised. Affected with the jaundice; suffused with a yellow color; as a jaundiced eye.

2. Prejudiced; seeing with discolored organs.

Jaunt

JAUNT. [See jant.]

Javel

JAV'EL, verb transitive To bemire; and as a noun, a wandering or dirty fellow. Obs.

Spenser.

Javelin

JAV'ELIN, noun [French javeline; Italian giavelloto; Spanish jabalina, the female of the wild boar, and a javelin, from jabali, a wild boar.]

A sort of spear about five feet and a half long, the shaft of which was of wood, but pointed with steel; used by horse or foot. Every Roman soldier carried seven javelins.

Jaw

JAW, noun [French joue, the cheek. It coincides in origin with chaw, chew, Armoric joaga, to chew; javed or gaved, a jaw. In old authors, jaw is written chaw. It belongs to Class Cg. See Chaw and Chew.]

1. The bones of the mouth in which the teeth are fixed. They resemble a horse shoe. In most animals, the under jaw only is movable.

2. The mouth.

3. In vulgar language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor.

Jaw

JAW, verb intransitive To scold; to clamor. [Vulgar.]

Jaw

JAW, verb transitive To abuse by scolding. [Vulgar.]

Jawed

JAW'ED, adjective Denoting the appearance of the jaws.

Skelton.

Jawfall

JAW'FALL, noun [jaw and fall.] Depression of the jaw; figuratively, depression of spirits.

M. Griffith.

Jawfallen

JAW'FALLEN, adjective Depressed in spirits; dejected.

Jawn

JAWN, verb intransitive To yawn. [Not in use. See Yawn.]

Jawy

JAW'Y, adjective Relating to the jaws.

Gayton.

Jay

JAY, noun [French geai; Spanish gayo.] A bird, the Corvus glandarius.

Encyc.

Jayet

JAYET. [See Jet.]

Jazel

JA'ZEL, noun A gem of an azure blue color. [Qu. Spanish azul, eorrupted.]

Jealous

JEALOUS, a. jel'us. [French jaloux; Italian geloso. The Spanish use zeloso from zelo, zeal; but the Italian word seems to be of distinct origin from zeal, and to belong to Class Gl.]

1. Suspicious; apprehensive of rivalship; uneasy through fear that another has withdrawn or may withdraw from one the affections of a person he loves, or enjoy some good which he desires to obtain; followed by of, and applied both to the object of love and to the rival. We say, a young man is jealous of the woman he loves, or jealous of his rival. A man is jealous of his wife, and the wife of her husband.

2. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affection or respect of others, or that another is more loved and respected than ourselves.

3. Emulous; full of competition.

Dryden.

4. Solicitous to defend the honor of; concerned for the character of.

I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts. I Kings 19.

5. Suspiciously vigilant; anxiously careful and concerned for.

I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy. 2 Cox. xi.

6. Suspiciously fearful.

'Tis doing wrong creates such doubts as these,

Renders us jealous and destroys our peace.

Waller.

Jealously

JEALOUSLY, adv. jel'usly. With jealousy or suspicion; emulously; with suspicious fear, vigilance or caution.

Jealousness

JEALOUSNESS, n. jel'usness. The state of being jealous; suspicion; suspicious vigilance.

King Charles.

Jealousy

JEALOUSY, n. jel'usy. [French jalousie; Italian gelosia.]

1. That passion or peculiar uneasiness which arises from the fear that a rival may rob us of the affection of one whom we love, or the suspicion that he has already done it; or it is the uneasiness which arises from the fear that another does or will enjoy some advantage which we desire for ourselves. A man's jealousy is excited by the attentions of a rival to his favorite lady. A woman's jealousy is roused by her husband's attentions to another woman. The candidate for office manifests a jealousy of others who seek the same office. The jealousy of a student is awakened by the apprehension that his fellow will bear away the palm of praise. In short, jealousy is awakened by whatever may exalt others, or give them pleasures and advantages which we desire for ourselves. Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, before a good is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is obtained by others.

Jealousy is the apprehension of superiority.

Shenstone.

Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness.

Rambler.

2. Suspicious fear or apprehension.

Clarendon.

3. Suspicious caution or vigilance; an earnest concern or solicitude for the welfare or honor of others. Such was Paul's godly jealousy for the Corinthians.

4. Indignation. God's jealousy signifies his concern for his own character and government, with a holy indignation against those who violate his laws, and offend against his majesty. Psalm 79.

Jears

JEARS, noun In sea-language, an assemblage of tackles by which the lower yards of a ship are hoisted or lowered. Hoisting is called swaying, and lowering is called striking. This word is sometimes written geers or gears. [See Gear.]

Mar. Dict.

Jeat

JEAT, noun A fossil of a fine black color. [See Jet.]

Jeer

JEER, verb intransitive [German scheren, to rail at, to jeer, to shear, to shave, Dutch scheeren, Danish skierer, Swedish sk?ra, Greek, without a prefix. These all seem to be of one family, Class Greek The primary sense is probably to rub, or to cut by rubbing; and we use rub in a like sense; a dry rub, is a keen, cutting, sarcastic remark.]

To utter severe, sarcastic reflections; to scoff; to deride; to flout; to make a mock of; as, to jeer at one in sport.

Herbert.

Jeer

JEER, verb transitive To treat with scoffs or derision.

Howell.

Jeer

JEER, noun Railing language; scoff; taunt; biting jest; flout; jibe; mockery; derision; ridicule with scorn.

Midas exposed to all their jeers,

Had lost his art, and kept his ears.

Swift.

Jeered

JEE'RED, participle passive Railed at; derided.

Jeerer

JEE'RER, noun A scoffer; a railer; a scorner; a mocker.

Jeering

JEE'RING, participle of the present tense Scoffing; mocking; deriding.

Jeering

JEE'RING, noun Derision.

Jeeringly

JEE'RINGLY, adverb With raillery; scornfully; contemptuously; in mockery.

Derham.

Jeffersonite

JEF'FERSONITE, noun A mineral occuring in crystaline masses, of a dark olive green color passing into brown, found imbedded in Franklinite and garnet, in New Jersey.

Phillips.

Jegget

JEG'GET, noun A kind of sausage. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Jehovah

JEHO'VAH, noun The Scripture name of the Supreme Being, Hebrew. If, as is supposed, this name is from the Hebrew substantive verb, the word denotes the PERMANENT BEING, as the primary sense of the substantive verb in all languages, is to be fixed, to stand, to remain or abide. This is a name peculiarly appropriate to the eternal Spirit, the unchangeable God, who describes himself thus, I AM THAT I AM. Exodus 3.

Jehovist

JEHO'VIST, noun Among crities, one who maintains that the vowel-points annexed to the word Jehovah in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of the word and express the true pronunciation. The Jehovists are opposed to the Adonists, who hold that the points annexed to the word Jehovah, are the vowels of the word Adonai.

Encyc.

Jejune

JEJU'NE, adjective [Latin jejunus, empty, dry.]

1. Wanting; empty; vacant.

Bacon.

2. Hungry; not saturated.

3. Dry; barren; wanting interesting matter; as a jejune narrative.

Jejuneness

JEJU'NENESS, noun Poverty; barrenness; particularly, want of interesting matter; a deficiency of matter that can engage the attention and gratify the mind; as the jejuneness, of style or narrative. [Jejunity is not used.]

Jellied

JEL'LIED, adjective [See Jelly and Gelly.] Brought to the consistence of jelly.

Jelly

JEL'LY, noun [Spanish jalea, from Latin gelo, to congeal. See Gelly.]

1. The inspissated juice of fruit, boiled with sugar.

2. Something viscons or glutinous; something of the consistency of jelly; a transparent sizy substance, obtained from animal substances by decoction; portable soup.

Jellybag

JEL'LYBAG, noun A bag through which jelly is distilled.

Jenite

JEN'ITE, noun A different orthography of yenite, which see.

Jennet

JEN'NET, noun A small Spanish horse, properly genet.

Jenneting

JEN'NETING, noun [said to be corrupted from juneting, an apple ripe in June, or at St. Jean.] A species of early apple.

Mortimer.

Jenny

JEN'NY, noun A machine for spinning, moved by water or steam and used in manufactories.

Jentling

JENT'LING, noun A fish, the blue chub, found in the Danube.

Jeofail

JEOFAIL, n. jef'fail. [French j'ai failli, I have failed.]

An oversight in pleading or other proceeding at law; or the acknowledgment of a mistake.

Blackstone.

Jeopard

JEOPARD, v. t. jep'ard. [See Jeopardy.] To hazard; to put in danger; to expose to loss or injury.

Zebulon and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives to the death in the high places of the field. Judges 5.

Jeoparder

JEOPARDER, n. jep'arder. One who puts to hazard.

Jeopardize

JEOPARDIZE, v. t. jep'ardize. To expose to loss or injury; to jeopard. [This is a modern word, used by respectable writers in America, but synonymous with jeopard and therefore useless.]

Jeopardous

JEOPARDOUS, a. jep'ardous. Exposed to danger; perilous; hazardous.

Jeopardously

JEOPARDOUSLY, adv. jep'ardously. With risk or danger.

Jeopardy

JEOPARDY, n. jep'ardy. [The origin of this word is not settled. Some authors suppose it to be French j'ai perdu, I have lost, or jeu perdu, a lost game. Tyrwhitt supposes it to be jeu parti, an even game, or game in which the chances are even. ``Si nous les voyons a jeu parti.' If we see them at an even game. Froissart, vol. i. c. 234. But jeopardy may be corrupted from the German gefahr, danger, hazard; gefÃƒ-¤hrden, to hazard, to jeopard. See Fare.]

Exposure to death, loss or injury; hazard; danger; peril.

They were filled with water and were in jeopardy. Luke 8.

Jerboa

JER'BOA, noun A quadruped having very short fore legs.

Jerk

JERK, verb transitive [This is probably the Chaldee Hebrew, to reach, to spit, that is, to throw out with a sudden effort, Saxon hroecan, herca. If not, I know not its origin or affinities. It seems to be a different orthography of yerk.]

1. To thrust out; to thrust with a sudden effort; to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust or push; as, to jerk one under the ribs; to jerk one with the elbow.

2. To throw with a quick, smart motion; as, to jerk a stone. We apply this word to express the mode of throwing to a little distance by drawing the arm back of the body, and thrusting it forward against the side or hip, which stops the arm suddenly.

Jerk

JERK, verb transitive To accost eagerly. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Jerk

JERK, noun A short sudden thrust, push or twitch; a striking against something with a short quick motion; as a jerk of the elbow.

His jade gave him a jerk.

B. Jonson.

2. A sudden spring.

Lobsters swim by jerks.

Grew.

Jerkin

JERK'IN, noun A jacket; a short coat; a close waistcoat.

Shak. South.

2. A kind of hawk.

Ainsworth.

Jersey

JER'SEY, noun [from the ieland so called.]

1. Fine yarn of wool.

Johnson.

2. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool.

Bailey. Encyc.

Jerusalem Artichoke

JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, noun A plant, a species of Helianthus or Sunflower.

Jess

JESS, noun Short straps of lether tied round the legs of a hawk, by which she is held on the fist.

Hanmer.

2. A ribin that hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry.

Encyc.

Jessamin

JES'SAMIN, noun A genus of plants and their flowers. [See Jasmin.]

Jesse

JES'SE, noun A large brass candlestick branched into many sconces, hanging down in the middle of a church or choir.

Cowel.

Jessed

JESS'ED, adjective Having jesses on; a term in heraldry.

Jest

JEST, noun [Spanish and Portugese chiste, a witty saying, a jest or joke; chistoso, gay, facetious; allied perhaps to Latin gestio.]

1. A joke; something ludicrous uttered and meant only to excite laughter. Religion should never be the subject of jest.

2. The object of laughter or sport; a laughing stock.

Then let me be your jest, I deserve it.

Shak.

In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.

Ã‚--And given in earnest what I begged in jest.

Shak.

3. A mask.

4. A deed; an action. Obs.

Jest

JEST, verb intransitive To divert or make merry by words or actions; to joke.

Jest not with a rude man, lest thy ancestors be disgraced.

Ecclus.

2. To utter in sport; to say what is not true, merely for diversion.

3. To play a part in a mask.

Shak.

Jester

JEST'ER, noun A person given to jesting, sportive talk and merry pranks.

Ã‚--He rambled up and down

With shallow jesters.

Shak.

2. One given to sarcasm.

Now, as a jester, I accost you.

Swift.

3. A buffoon; a merry-andrew, a person formerly retained by princes to make sport for them.

Jesting

JEST'ING, participle of the present tense Joking; talking for diversion or merriment.

Jesting

JEST'ING, noun A joking; concise wit; wit that consists in a trope or verbal figure, in a metaphorical sense of words, or in a double sense of the same word, or in similitude of sound in different words.

Encyc.

Jestingly

JEST'INGLY, adverb In a jocose manner; not in earnest.

Herbert.

Jesting-Stock

JEST'ING-STOCK, noun A laughing stock; a butt of ridicule.

Googe.

Jesuit

JES'UIT, n. s as z. One of the society of Jesus, so called founded by Ignatius Loyola; a society remarkable for their cunning in propagating their principles.

Jesuited

JES'UITED, adjective Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits.

White.

Jesuitess

JES'UITESS, noun A female Jesuit in principle.

Bp. Hall.

Jesuitic

JESUIT'IC, or JESUIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Jesuits or their principles and arts.

2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; prevaricating.

Jesuitically

JESUIT'ICALLY, adverb Craftily.

Jesuitism

JES'UITISM, noun The arts, principles and practices of the Jesuits.

2. Cunning; deceit; hypocrisy; prevarication; deceptive practices to effect a purpose.

Jesuits-Bark

JES'UITS'-BARK, noun Peruvian bark; the bark of the Cinchona, a tree of Peru.

Jet

JET, noun [Dutch git; French jayet; Latin gagates.] A solid, dry, black, inflammable fossil substance, harder than asphalt, susceptible of a good polish, and glossy in its fracture, which is conchoidal or undulating. It is found not in strata or continued masses, but in unconnected heaps. It is wrought into toys, buttons, mourning jewels, &c.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Jet is regarded as a variety of lignite, or coal originating in wood.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cleaveland.

Jet

JET, noun [French jet, Italian getto, a cast; probably from Latin jactus, whence French jetter, Italian getter, to throw.]

1. A spout, spouting or shooting of water; a jet d' eau.

2. A yard. Tusser. Drift; scope. [Not in use or local.]

Jet

JET, verb intransitive [See the Noun.] To shoot forward; to shoot out; to project; to jut; to intrude.

Shak.

2. To strut; to throw or toss the body in haughtiness.

Shak.

3. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken.

Wiseman.

[This orthography is rarely used. See Jut.]

Jetteau

JETTEAU, n. jet'to. [French jet d'eau.] A throw or spout of water.

Addison.

Jetsam

JET'SAM, or JET'SON, or JET'TISON, noun [French jetter, to throw.] In law and commerce, properly, the throwing of goods overboard in order to lighten a ship in a tempest for her preservation. The word may however be used for the goods thus thrown away, or adverbially.

Jetsam is where goods are cast into the sea, and there sink and remain under water; flotsam, is where they continue swimming; ligan is where they are sunk in the sea, but tied to a cork or buoy.

Park. Blackstone.

Jettee

JET'TEE, noun A projection in a building.

Jetty

JET'TY, verb intransitive To jut.

Jetty

JET'TY, noun A small pier or projection into a river for narrowing it and raising the water above that place.

Cyc.

Jetty

JET'TY, adjective Made of jet, or black as jet.

Prior. Pope.

Jettyhead

JET'TYHEAD, noun The projecting part of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.

Mar. Dict.

Jew

JEW, noun [a contraction of Judas or Judah.] A Hebrew or Israelite.

Jewel

JEW'EL, noun [Italian gioia, joy, mirth, a jewel; gioiello, a jewel; French joyau; Spanish joya, joyel; German juwel; Dutch jeweel. It is from the root of joy. Low Latin jocale. Class Cg.]

1. An ornament worn by ladies, usually consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or more; a pendant worn in the ear.

2. A precious stone.

Shak.

3. A name expressive of fondness. A mother calls her child, her jewel.

Jewel

JEW'EL, verb transitive To dress or adorn with jewels.

B. Jonson.

Jewel-House

JEW'EL-HOUSE, or JEW'EL-OFFICE, noun The place where the royal ornaments are reposited.

Shak.

Jewel-Like

JEW'EL-LIKE, adjective Brilliant as a jewel.

Shak.

Jeweled

JEW'ELED, participle passive Adorned with jewels.

Jeweler

JEW'ELER, noun One who makes or deals in jewels and other ornaments.

Jeweling

JEW'ELING, participle of the present tense Adorning with jewels.

Jewelry

JEW'ELRY, noun Jewels in general.

Jewess

JEW'ESS, noun A Hebrew woman. Acts 24.

Jewish

JEW'ISH, adjective Pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews. Titus ~~.

Jewishly

JEW'ISHLY, adverb In the manner of the Jews.

Donne.

Jewishness

JEW'ISHNESS, noun The rites of the Jews.

Martin.

Jewry

JEW'RY, noun Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews, whence the name of a street in London.

Chaucer.

Jews-Ear

JEWS-EAR, noun The name of a species of Fungus, the Peziza auricula, bearing some resemblance to the human ear.

Johnson. Lee.

Jews-Frankincense

JEWS-FRANKINCENSE, noun A plant, a species of Styrax.

Jews-Harp

JEWS-HARP, noun [Jew and harp.] An instrument of music shaped like a harp, which, placed between the teeth and by means of a spring struck by the finger, gives a sound which is modulated by the breath into soft melody. It is called also Jews-trump.

Jews-Mallow

JEWS-MALLOW, noun A plant, a species of Corchorus.

Jews-Pitch

JEWS-PITCH, noun Asphaltum, which see.

Jews-Stone

JEWS-STONE, noun The clavated spine of a very large egg-shaped sea urehin petrified. It is a regular figure, oblong and rounded, about three quarters of an inch in length, and half an inch in diameter. Its color is a pale dusky gray, with a tinge of dusky red.

Hill.

Jezebel

JEZ'EBEL, noun An impudent, daring, vitious woman.

Spectator.

Jib

JIB, noun The foremost sail of a ship, being a large stay-sail extended from the outer end of the jib-boom towards the fore-top-mast-head. In sloops, it is on the bowsprit, and extends towards the lower masthead.

Mar. Dict.

Jib-Boom

JIB-BOOM, noun A spar which is run out from the extremity of the bowsprit, and which serves as a continuation of it. Beyond this is sometimes extended the flying-jib-boom.

Jiboya

JIBOY'A, noun An American serpent of the largest kind.

Jig

JIG, noun [Italian giga; French gigue. See Gig.] A kind of light dance, or a tune or air.

2. A ballad.

B. Jonson.

Jig

JIG, verb intransitive To dance a jig.

Jigger

JIG'GER, noun In sea-language, a machine consisting of a rope about five feet long, with a block at one end and a sheave at the other, used to hold on the cable when it is heaved into the ship, by the revolution of the windlass.

Mar. Dict.

Jiggish

JIG'GISH, adjective Suitable to a jig.

Jigmaker

JIG'MAKER, noun One who makes or plays jigs.

Shak.

2. A ballad maker.

Dekker.

Jigpin

JIG'PIN, noun A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, and prevent them from turning.

Cyc.

Jill

JILL, noun A young woman; in contempt. [See Gill.]

Jill-Flirt

JILL'-FLIRT, noun A light wanton woman.

Guardian.

Jilt

JILT, noun [of uncertain etymology.] A woman who gives her lover hopes and capriciously disappoints him; a woman who trifles with her lover.

Otway.

2. A name of contempt for a woman.

Pope.

Jilt

JILT, verb transitive To encourage a lover and then frustrate his hopes; to trick in love; to give hopes to a lover and then reject him.

Dryden.

Jilt

JILT, verb intransitive To play the jilt; to practice deception in love and discard lovers.

Congreve.

Jimmers

JIM'MERS, noun Jointed hinges.

Bailey.

Jingle

JIN'GLE, verb intransitive [Qu. Chaldee and Syriac, a little bell; or Persian zank, a little brass ball or bell. It may be allied to jungle.]

To sound with a fine sharp rattle; to clink; as jingling chains or bells.

Jingle

JIN'GLE, verb transitive To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little bell or as pieces of metal.

The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew.

Pope.

Jingle

JIN'GLE, noun A rattling or clinking sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal.

2. A little bell or rattle.

3. Correspondence of sound in rhymes.

Dryden.

Jingling

JIN'GLING, participle of the present tense Giving a sharp fine rattling sound, as a little bell or as pieces of metal.

Jippo

JIP'PO, noun [French jupe.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for females.

Job

JOB, noun [of unknown origin, but perhaps allied to chop, primarily to strike or drive.]

1. A piece of work; any thing to be done, whether of more or less importance. The carpenter or mason undertakes to build a house by the job. The erection of Westminster bridge was a heavy job; and it was a great job to erect Central wharf, in Boston. The mechanic has many small jobs on hand.

2. A lucrative business; an undertaking with a view to profit.

No cheek is known to blush nor heart to throb, Save when they lose a question or a job.

Pope.

3. A sudden stab with a pointed instrument.

[This seems to be nearly the original sense.]

To do the job for one, to kill him.

Job

JOB, verb transitive To strike or stab with a sharp instrument.

L'Estrange.

2. To drive in a sharp pointed instrument.

Moxon.

Job

JOB, verb intransitiveTo deal in the public stocks; to buy and sell as a broker.

The judge shall job, the bishop bite the town, And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.

Pope.

Jobber

JOB'BER, noun One who does small jobs.

2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; usually called a stock-jobber.

Swift.

3. One who engages in a low, lucrative affair.

Jobbernowl

JOB'BERNOWL, noun [said to be from Flemish jobbe, dull, and Saxon knol, head or top.]

A loggerhead; a blockhead. [A low word.]

Hudibras.

Jobs-Tears

JOB'S-TEARS, noun A plant of the genus Coix.

Jockey

JOCK'EY, noun [said to be from Jackey, a diminutive of Jack, John; primarily, a boy that rides horses.]

1. A man that rides horses in a race.

Addison.

2. A dealer in horses; one who makes it his business to buy and sell horses for gain. Hence,

3. A cheat; one who deceives or takes undue advantage in trade.

Jockey

JOCK'EY, verb transitive To cheat; to trick; to deceive in trade.

2. To jostle by riding against one.

Johnson.

Jockeyship

JOCK'EYSHIP, noun The art or practice of riding horses.

Cowper.

Jocose

JOCO'SE, adjective [Latin jocosus, from jocus, a joke.]

1. Given to jokes and jesting; merry; waggish; used of persons.

2. Containing a joke; sportive; merry; as jocose or comical airs.

Watts.

Jocosely

JOCO'SELY, adverb In jest; for sport or game; waggishly.

Broome.

Jocoseness

JOCO'SENESS, noun The quality of being jocose; waggery; merriment. [Jocosity is not used.]

Joco-Serious

JOCO-SE'RIOUS, adjective Partaking of mirth and seriousness.

Green.

Jocular

JOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin jocularis, from jocus, a joke.]

1. Jocose; waggish; merry; given to jesting; used of persons.

2. Containing jokes; sportive; not serious; as a jocular expression or style.

Jocularity

JOCULAR'ITY, noun Merriment; jesting.

Brown.

Jocularaly

JOC'ULARALY, adverb In jest; for sport or mirth.

Bp. Lavington.

Joculary

JOC'ULARY, adjective Jocular. [Not in use.]

Ash. Bacon.

Joculator

JOC'ULATOR, noun [Latin] A jester; a droll; a minstrel.

Strutt.

Joculatory

JOC'ULATORY, adjective Droll; merrily said.

Jocund

JOC'UND, adjective [Latin jocundus, from jocus, a joke.] Merry; gay; airy; lively; sportive.

Rural sports and jocund strains.

Prior

Jocundity

JOCUND'ITY, or JOC'UNDNESS, noun State of being merry; gayety.

Jocundly

JOC'UNDLY, adverb Merrily; gayly.

Jog

JOG, verb transitive [Qu. Welsh gogi, to shake, or Dutch schokken, to jolt or shake, which seems to be the French choquer, shock, shake.]

To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to give notice or excite attention by a slight push.

Sudden I jogged Ulysses.

Pope.

Jog

JOG, verb intransitive To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot.

So hung his destiny, never to rot, While he might still jog on, and keep his trot.

Milton.

2. To walk or travel idly, heavily or slowly. Thus they jog on, still tricking, never thriving.

Dryden.

Jog

JOG, noun A push; a slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention. When your friend falls asleep at church, give him a jog.

2. A rub; a small stop; obstruction.

Glanville.

Jogger

JOG'GER, noun One who walks or moves heavily and slowly.

2. One who gives a sudden push.

Jogging

JOG'GING, participle of the present tense Pushing slightly.

Jogging

JOG'GING, noun A slight push or shake.

Joggle

JOG'GLE, verb transitive [from jog.] To shake slightly; to give a sudden but slight push.

Joggled

JOG'GLED, participle passive Slightly shaken.

Joggling

JOG'GLING, participle of the present tense Shaking slightly.

Johannes

JOHAN'NES, noun [John, latinized.] A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars; contracted often into joe; as a joe, or half-joe. It is named from the figure of king John, which it bears.

Johnapple

JOHN'APPLE, noun A sort of apple, good for spring use, when other fruit is spent.

Mortimer.

Join

JOIN, verb transitive [French joindre; Italian giugnere; from Latin jungo, jungere; jungo for jugo; Spanish and Portugese juntar, to join; Latin jugum; yoke; Greek and, a yoke, and a pair; to yoke; to join; Chaldee; Syriac zug; Arabic to join, to couple, to marry, to pair; Ethiopic zog, a pair, as in Arabic. It signifies also in Syriac, to rage, to cry out; showing that the primary sense is to strain, to stretch, to extend, precisely as in span.]

1. To set or bring one thing in contiguity with another.

Woe to them that join house to house, that lay field to field. Isaiah 5.

2. To couple; to connect; to combine; as, to join ideas.

Locke.

3. To unite in league or marriage.

Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab. 2 Chaldee xviii.

What God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Matthew 19.

4. To associate.

Go near and join thyself to this chariot. Acts 8.

5. To unite in any act.

Thy tuneful voice with numbers join.

Dryden.

6. To unite in concord.

But that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind, and in the same judgment. 1 Corinthians 1.

The phrase, to join battle, is probably elliptical, for join in battle; or it is borrowed from the Latin, committere proelium, to send together the battle.

In general, join signifies to unite two entire things without breach or intermixture, by contact or contiguity, either temporary or; ermanent. It differs from connect, which signifies properly, to unite by an intermediate substance. But join, unite, and connect are often used synonymously.

Join

JOIN, verb intransitive To grow to; to adhere. The place where two bones of the body join, is called a joint or articulation.

2. To be contiguous, close or in contact; as when two houses join.

3. To unite with in marriage, league, confederacy, partnership or society. Russia and Austria joined in opposition to Buonaparte's ambitious views. Men join in great undertakings, and in companies for trade or manufacture. They join in entertainments and amusements. They join in benevolent associations. It is often followed by with.

Any other may join with him that is injured, and assist him in recovering satisfaction.

Locke.

Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations? Ez. 9.

Joinder

JOIN'DER, noun A joining; as a joinder in demurrer.

Blackstone.

Joined

JOIN'ED, participle passive Added; united; set or fastened together; associated; confederated.

Joiner

JOIN'ER, noun One whose occupation is to construct things by joining pieces of wood; but appropriately and usually, a mechanic who does the wood-work in the covering and finishing of buildings. This is the true and original sense of the word in Great Britain and in New England. This person is called in New York, a carpenter. [See Carpenter.]

Joinery

JOIN'ERY, noun The art of fitting and joining pieces of timber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building, so as to form one entire piece.

Joinhand

JOIN'HAND, noun Writing in which letters are joined in words; as distinguished from writing in single letters.

Addison.

Joining

JOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Adding; making contiguous; uniting; confederating.

Joint

JOINT, noun [French joint; Spanish junta, juntura; Italian giuntura; Latin junctura. See Join.]

1. The joining of two or more things.

2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones; an articulation; as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle.

3. A knot; the union of two parts of a plant; or the space between two joints; an internode; as the joint of a cane, or of a stalk of maiz.

4. A hinge; a juncture of parts which admits of motion.

5. The place where two pieces of timber are united.

6. In joinery, straight lines are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are planed.

Moxon.

7. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the butcher.

Out of joint, luxated; dislocated; as when the head of a bone is displaced from its socket. Hence figuratively, confused; disordered; misplaced.

Joint

JOINT, adjective Shared by two or more; as joint property.

2. United in the same profession; having an interest in the same thing; as a joint-heir or heiress.

3. United; combined; acting in concert; as a joint force; joint efforts; joint vigor.

Joint

JOINT, verb transitive To form with joints or articulations; used mostly in the participle; as the fingers are jointed; a cane has a jointed stalk.

2. To form many parts into one; as jointed wood.

Dryden.

3. To cut or divide into joints or quarters.

Dryden.

Jointed

JOINT'ED, participle passive Formed with articulations, as the stem of a plant.

2. Separated into joints or quarters.

Jointer

JOINT'ER, noun A long plane, a joiner's utensil.

Joint-Heir

JOINT'-HEIR, noun [joint and heir.] An heir having a joint interest with another. Romans 8.

Jointly

JOINT'LY, adverb Together; unitedly; in concert; with cooperation.

2. With union of interest; as, to be jointly concerned in a voyage.

Jointress

JOINT'RESS, noun A woman who has a jointure.

Blackstone.

Jointstool

JOINT'STOOL, noun A stool consisting of parts inserted in each other.

South.

Joint-Tenancy

JOINT-TEN'ANCY, noun [joint and tenant.] A tenure of estate by unity of interest, title, time and possession.

Blackstone.

Joint-Tenant

JOINT-TEN'ANT, noun [joint and tenant.] One who holds an estate by joint-tenancy.

Jointure

JOINT'URE, noun [French] An estate in lands or tenements, settled on a woman in consideration of marriage, and which she is to enjoy after her husband's decease.

Blackstone.

Jointure

JOINT'URE, verb transitive To settle a jointure upon.

Cowley.

Jointured

JOINT'URED, participle passive Endowed with a jointure.

Joist

JOIST, noun [Scot. geist or gest. Qu. French gesir, to lie.]

A small piece of timber, such as is framed into the girders and summers of a building to support a floor.

Encyc.

Joist

JOIST, verb transitive To fit in joists; to lay joists.

Joke

JOKE, noun [Latin jocus; Danish giek, a joke; giekker, to joke; Swedish g?cka, to ridicule; German SchÃƒ-¤kern.]

1. A jest; something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or sportive; raillery. A jealous person will rarely bear a joke.

2. An illusion; something not real, or to no purpose.

Inclose whole downs in walls, 'tis all a joke!

Pope.

In joke, in jest; for the sake of raising a laugh; not in earnest.

Joke

JOKE, verb intransitive [Latin jocor.] To jest; to be merry in words or actions.

Joke

JOKE, verb transitive To rally; to cast jokes at; to make merry with.

Joker

JO'KER, noun A jester; a merry fellow.

Dennis.

Joking

JO'KING, participle of the present tense Jesting; making merry with.

Jole

JOLE, noun [sometimes written jowl; Saxon ceole, the jaw or cheek; Irish gial. Qu. Armoric chagell, contracted.]

1. The cheek; used in the phrase, cheek by jole, that is, with the cheeks together, close, tÃƒ-ªte Ãƒ-  tÃƒ-ªte.

Dryden.

2. The head of a fish.

Pope.

Jole

JOLE, verb transitive To strike the head against any thing; to clash with violence. [Not used.]

Shak.

Jollily

JOL'LILY, adverb [See Jolly.] With noisy mirth; with a disposition to noisy mirth.

Dryden.

Jolliment

JOL'LIMENT, noun Mirth; merriment. Obs.

Spenser.

Jolliness

JOL'LINESS, or JOL'LITY, noun [from jolly.] Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity.

All was now turned to jollity and game.

Milton.

2. Elevation of spirit; gayety.

He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel for him who was only worthy to enter into it.

Sidney.

[This word in America is not now applied to respectable company.]

Jolly

JOL'LY, adjective [French joli, pretty; Italian giulivo, joyful, merry. Qu. Saxon geola, gehol, a feast, the yule, or feast of the nativity.]

1. Merry; gay; lively; full of life and mirth; jovial. It expresses more life and noise than cheerful; as a jolly troop of huntsmen.

Shak.

[It is seldom applied in colloquial usage to respectable company. We rarely say of respectable persons, they are jolly. It is applied to the young and the vulgar.]

2. Expressing mirth or inspiring it.

And with his jolly pipe delights the groves.

Prior.

The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions by frequent potations of malt liquors.

Irving.

3. Exciting mirth and gayety; as jolly May.

Dryden.

4. Like one in high health; pretty.

South.

Jolly-Boat

JOL'LY-BOAT, noun A small boat belonging to a ship. [Swedish julle, a yawl.]

Jolt

JOLT, verb intransitive To shake with short abrupt risings and fallings; as a carriage moving on rough ground. The carriage jolts.

Jolt

JOLT, verb transitive To shake with sudden jerks, as in a carriage on rough ground, or on a high trotting horse; as the horse or carriage jolts the rider.

Jolt

JOLT, noun A shock or shake by a sudden jerk, as in a carriage.

Swift.

Jolter

JOLTER, noun He or that which jolts.

Jolthead

JOLTHEAD, noun A greathead; a dunce; a blockhead.

Shak.

Jolting

JOLTING, participle of the present tense Giving sudden jerks or shakes.

Jonquil

JON'QUIL, noun [French jonquille; Italian giunchiglia; giunco, Latin juncus, a rush, and Italian giglio, a lily. It is sometimes called the rush leafed daffodil.]

A plant of the genus Narcissus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers, of various colors, yellow and white.

Encyc.

Jorden

JOR'DEN, noun A vessel for chamber uses.

Swift.

Joso

JO'SO, noun A small fish of the gudgeon kind.

Jostle

JOS'TLE, verb transitive jos'l. [French jouter, for jouster; Italian giostrare; Spanish justar. Written also justle.] To run against; to push.

Jostled

JOS'TLED, participle passive Run against; pushed. We say, a thing is jostled out of its place.

Jostling

JOS'TLING, participle of the present tense Running against; pushing.

Jostling

JOS'TLING, noun A running against; a crowding.

Jot

JOT, noun [Greek, Chaldee Hebrew yod, Syriac yudh, the name of the letter ' or i.]

An iota; a point; a tittle; the least quantity assignable.

Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law till all shall be fulfilled. Matthew 5.

A man may read much, and acquire not a jot of knowledge, or be a jot the wiser.

Anon.

Jot

JOT, verb transitive To set down; to make a memorandum of.

Jotting

JOT'TING, noun A memorandum.

Todd.

Jouissance

JOUIS'SANCE, noun [French] Jollity; merriment. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Journal

JOURNAL, noun jur'nal. [French journal; Italian giornale, from giorno, a day; Cornish jurna; Welsh diurnod; Latin diurnum. This was originally an adjective, signifying daily, as in Spenser and Shakspeare; but the adjective is obsolete.]

1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events; or the book containing such account.

2. Among merchants, a book in which every particular article or charge is fairly entered from the waste book or blotter.

3. In navigation, a daily register of the ship's course and distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences.

4. A paper published daily, or other newspaper; also, the title of a book or pamphlet published at stated times, containing an account of inventions, discoveries and improvements in arts and sciences; as the Journal de Savans; the Journal of Science.

Journalist

JOURNALIST, noun jur'nalist. The writer of a journal or diary.

Journalize

JOURNALIZE, verb transitive jur'nalize. To enter in a journal.

Journey

JOURNEY, noun jur'ny. [French journÃƒ-©e, a day or day's work; Italian giornata, a day; Spanish jornada, a journey, or travel of a day; Italian giorno, a day, from Latin diurnus, dies.]

1. The travel of a day. Obs.

Milton.

2. Travel by land to any distance and for any time, indefinitely; as a journey from London to Paris, or to Rome; a journey to visit a brother; a week's journey; we made two journeys to Philadelphia.

3. Passage from one place to another; as a long journey from the upper regions.

Burnet.

4. It may sometimes include a passing by water.

Journey

JOURNEY, verb intransitive jur'ny. To travel from place to place; to pass from home to a distance.

Abram journeyed, going on still towards the south. Genesis 12.

Journeying

JOUR'NEYING, participle of the present tense Traveling; passing from place to place.

Journeying

JOUR'NEYING, noun A traveling or passing from one place to another; as the journeyings of the children of Israel.

Journeyman

JOUR'NEYMAN, noun [journey and man.] Strictly, a man hired to work by the day, but in fact, any mechanic who is hired to work for another in his employment, whether by the month, year or other term. It is applied only to mechanics in their own occupations.

Journey-Work

JOUR'NEY-WORK, noun Work done for hire by a mechanic in his proper occupation. [This word is never applied to farming.]

Joust

JOUST. [See Just.]

Jove

JOVE, noun [Latin Jovis, gen. of Jupiter, Greek.]

1. The name of the Supreme Deity among the Romans.

2. The planet Jupiter.

Or ask of younder argent fields above Why Jove's satellites are less than Jove.

Pope.

3. The air or atmosphere, or the god of the air.

And Jove descends in showers of kindly rain.

Dryden.

Jovial

JO'VIAL, adjective [from Jove, supra.] Under the influence of Jupiter, the planet.

Ã‚--The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial according to the colors whereby they answer these planets.

Brown.

Jovial

JO'VIAL, adjective [French and Spanish id.; Italian gioviale; probably from the root of giovane, young, or from that of joy. If it is from Jove, it must be from the sense of airy or fresh.]

1. Gay; merry; airy; joyous; jolly; as a jovial youth; a jovial throng.

2. Expressive of mirth and hilarity.

His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral, the rest are jovial or bacchanalian.

Dryden.

Jovialist

JO'VIALIST, noun One who lives a jovial life.

Hall.

Jovially

JO'VIALLY, adverb Merrily; gayly; with noisy mirth.

Jovialness

JO'VIALNESS, noun Noisy mirth; gayety.

Jowl

JOWL, noun The cheek. [See Jole.]

Jowler

JOWL'ER, noun The name of a hunting dog, beagle or other dog.

Dryden.

Jowter

JOW'TER, noun A fish driver.

Carew.

Joy

JOY, noun [French joie; Italian gioia; Armoric joa, contracted; German jauchzen, to shout; Dutch juichen, to rejoice; Spanish gozo; Portugese id. This word belongs to the Class Cg, and its radical sense is probably, to shout, or to leap, or to play or sport, and allied perhaps to joke and juggle.]

1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; that excitement of pleasurable feelings which is caused by success, good fortune, the gratification of desire or some good possessed, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exultation; exhilaration of spirits.

Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good.

Locke.

Ã‚--Peace,

Bring heavenly balm to heal my country's wounds,

Joy to my soul and transport to my lay.

Dutch Humphrey.

2. Gayety; mirth; festivity.

The roofs with joy resound.

Dryden.

3. Happiness; felicity.

Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy.

Dryden.

4. A glorious and triumphant state.

Ã‚--Who for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross. Hebrews 12.

5. The cause of joy or happiness.

6. A term of fondness; the cause of joy.

Joy

JOY, verb intransitive To rejoice; to be glad; to exult.

I will joy in the God of my salvation. Habakkuk 3.

Joy

JOY, verb transitive To give joy to; to congratulate; to entertain kindly.

2. To gladden; to exhilarate.

My soul was joyed in vain.

Pope.

3. [French jouir.] To enjoy; to have or possess with pleasure, or to have pleasure in the possession of. [Little used. See Enjoy.]

Milton. Dryden.

Joyance

JOY'ANCE, noun [Old French joiant.] Gayety; festivity. Obs.

Spenser.

Joyed

JOY'ED, participle passive Gladdened; enjoyed.

Joyful

JOY'FUL, adjective Full of joy; very glad; exulting.

My soul shall be joyful in my God. Isaiah 61. Rarely, it has of before the cause of joy.

Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.

Pope.

Joyfully

JOY'FULLY, adverb With joy; gladly.

Never did men more joyfully obey.

Dryden.

Joyfulness

JOY'FULNESS, noun Great gladness; joy. Deuteronomy 28.

Joyless

JOY'LESS, adjective Destitute of joy; wanting joy.

With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat.

Dryden.

Rarely followed by of; as joyless of the grove.

Dryden.

2. Giving no joy or pleasure.

A joyless, dismal, black and sorrowful issue.

Shak.

Joylessly

JOY'LESSLY, adverb Without joy.

Milton.

Joylessness

JOY'LESSNESS, noun State of being joyless.

Donne.

Joyous

JOY'OUS, adjective [French joyeux.] Glad; gay; merry; joyful.

Joyous the birds; fresh gales and gentle airs Whispered it.

Milton.

2. Giving joy.

They, all as glad as birds of joyous primeÃ‚--

Spenser.

It has of, before the cause of joy.

And joyous of our conquest early won.

Dryden.

Joyously

JOY'OUSLY, adverb With joy or gladness.

Joyousness

JOY'OUSNESS, noun The state of being joyous.

Jub

JUB, noun A bottle or vessel. Obs.

Chaucer.

Jubilant

JU'BILANT, adjective [Latin jubilans. See Jubilee.] Uttering songs of triumph; rejoicing; shouting with joy.

While the bright pomp ascended jubilant.

Milton.

Jubilation

JUBILA'TION, noun [French from Latin jubilatio. See Jubilee.] The act of declaring triumph.

Jubilee

JU'BILEE, noun [French jubilÃƒ-©; Latin jubilum, from jubilo, to shout for joy; Spanish jubileo; Italian giubbileo; Hebrew or, the blast of a trumpet, coinciding with bawl, peal, Latin pello.]

1. Among the Jews, every fiftieth year, being the year following the revolution of seven weeks of years, at which time all the slaves were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period, reverted to their former owners. This was a time of great rejoicing. Hence,

2. A season of great public joy and festivity.

Milton.

3. A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants plenary indulgence to sinners, or to as many as visit the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.

Encyc.

Jucundity

JUCUND'ITY, noun [Latin jucunditas, from jucundus, sweet, pleasant.]

Pleasantness; agreeableness. [Little used.]

Brown.

Judaic

JUDA'IC, or JUDA'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Jews.

Milner.

Judaically

JUDA'ICALLY, adverb After the Jewish manner.

Milton.

Judaism

JU'DAISM, noun [French judaisme, from Judah, whence Jew.]

1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews, as enjoined in the laws of Moses. Judaism was a temporary dispensation.

2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.

Encyc.

Judaize

JU'DAIZE, verb intransitive [French judaiser, from Judah.] To conform to the religious doctrines and rites of the Jews.

TheyÃ‚--prevailed on the Galatians to judaize so far as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances.

Milner.

Judaizer

JU'DAIZER, noun One who conforms to the religion of the Jews.

Macknight.

Judaizing

JU'DAIZING, participle of the present tense Conforming to the doctrines and rites of the Jews.

Judas-Tree

JU'DAS-TREE, noun A plant of the genus Cercis.

Juddock

JUD'DOCK, noun A small snipe, called also Jack-snipe.

Judge

JUDGE, noun [French juge; Spanish juez; Portugese juiz; Italian giudice; Latin juder, supposed to be compounded of jus, law or right, and dico, to pronounce. ``Hinc judex, quod jus dicat accepta potestate.' Varro.]

1. A civil officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal, between parties, according to his commission; as the judges of the king's bench, or of the common pleas; judges of the supreme court, of district courts, or of a country court. The judge of a court of equity is called a chancellor.

2. The Supreme Being.

Shall not the judge of all the earth do right? Genesis 18.

3. One who presides in a court of judicature.

4. One who has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the value of any thing; one who can discern truth and propriety.

A man who is no judge of law, may be a good judge of poetry or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting.

Dryden.

5. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, with civil and military powers. The Israelites were governed by judges more than three hundred years, and the history of their transactions is called the book of Judges.

6. A juryman or juror. In criminal suits, the jurors are judges of the law as well as of the fact.

Judge

JUDGE, verb intransitive [French juger; Latin judico; Italian giudicare; Spanish juzgar.]

1. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to distinguish truth from falsehood.

Judge not according to the appearance. John 7.

2. To form an opinion; to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the mind.

If I did not know the originals, I should not be able to judge, by the copies, which was Virgil and which Ovid.

Dryden.

3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to pass sentence. He was present on the bench, but could not judge in the case.

The Lord judge between thee and me. Genesis 16.

4. To discern; to distinguish; to consider accurately for the purpose of forming an opinion or conclusion.

Judge in yourselves; is it comely that a woman pray unto God uncovered? 1 Corinthians 11.

Judge

JUDGE, verb transitive To hear and determine a case; to examine and decide.

Chaos shall judge the strife.

Milton.

2. To try; to examine and pass sentence on.

Take ye him and judge him according to your law. John 18.

God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Ecclesiastes 3.

3. Rightly to understand and discern.

He that is spiritual, judgeth all things. 1 Corinthians 2.

4. To censure rashly; to pass severe sentence.

Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matthew 7.

5. To esteem; to think; to reckon.

If ye have judged me to be faithful to the LordÃ‚-- Acts 16.

6. To rule or govern.

The Lord shall judge his people. Hebrews 10.

7. To doom to punishment; to punish.

I will judge thee according to thy ways. Ezekiel 7.

Judged

JUDG'ED, participle passive Heard and determined; tried judicially; sentenced; censured; doomed.

Judger

JUDG'ER, noun One who judges or passes sentence.

Judgeship

JUDGESHIP, noun judj'ship. The office of a judge.

Judging

JUDG'ING, participle of the present tense Hearing and determing; forming an opinion; dooming.

Judgment

JUDG'MENT, noun [French jugement.] The act of judging; the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain truth; or the process of examining facts and arguments, to ascertain propriety and justice; or the process of examining the relations between one proposition and another.

Locke. Encyc. Johnson.

2. The faculty of the mind by which man is enabled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms and propositions; as a man of clear judgment or sound judgment. The judgment may be biased by prejudice. Judgment supplies the want of certain knowledge.

3. The determination of the mind, formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the comparison of facts and arguments. In the formation of our judgments, we should be careful to weigh and compare all the facts connected with the subject.

4. In law, the sentence or doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge or court by which it is tried. Judgment may be rendered on demurrer, on a verdict, on a confession or default, or on a non-suit. Judgment, though pronounced by the judge or court, is properly the determination or sentence of the law. A pardon may be pleaded in arrest of judgment.

5. The right or power of passing sentence.

Shak.

6. Determination; decision.

Let reason govern us in the formation of our judgment of things proposed to our inquiry.

7. Opinion; notion.

She, in my judgment, was as fair as you.

Shak.

8. In Scripture, the spirit of wisdom and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and wrong, good and evil.

Give the king thy judgments, O God. Psalm 72.

9. A remarkable punishment; an extraordinary calamity inflicted by God on siners.

Judgments are prepared for scorners. Proverbs 19. Isaiah 26.

10. The spiritual government of the world. The Father hath committed all judgment to the Son. John 5.

11. The righteous statutes and commandments of God are called his judgments. Psalm 119.

12. The doctrines of the gospel, or God's word. Matthew 12.

13. Justice and equity. Luke 11. Isaiah 1.

14. The decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. Romans 11.

15. A court or tribunal. Matthew 5.

16. Controversies, or decisions of controversies. 1 Corinthians 6.

17. The gospel, or kingdom of grace. Matthew 12.

18. The final trial of the human race, when God will decide the fate of every individual, and award sentence according to justice.

For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. Ecclesiastes 12.

Judgment of God. Formerly this term was applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, or hot plowshares, &c.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence.

Judgment-Day

JUDG'MENT-DAY, noun The last day, or day when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government.

Judgment-Hall

JUDG'MENT-HALL, noun The hall where courts are held.

Judgment-Seat

JUDG'MENT-SEAT, noun The seat or bench on which judges sit in court.

2. A court; a tribunal.

We shall all stand before the judgment-seat of Christ. Romans 14.

Judicative

JU'DICATIVE, adjective Having power to judge.

Hammond.

Judicatory

JU'DICATORY, adjective Dispensing justice.

Judicatory

JU'DICATORY, noun [Latin judicatorium.] A court of justice; a tribunal.

Atterbury.

2. Distribution of justice.

Clarendon.

Judicature

JU'DICATURE, noun [French] The power of distributing justice by legal trial and determination. A court of judicature is a court invested with powers to administer justice between man and man.

2. A court of justice; a judicatory.

South.

Judicial

JUDI'CIAL, adjective Pertaining to courts of justice; as judicial power.

2. Practiced in the distribution of justice; as judicial proceedings.

3. Proceeding from a court of justice; as a judicial determination.

4. Issued by a court under its seal; as a judicial writ.

5. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment; as judicial hardness of heart; a judicial punishment.

Judicially

JUDI'CIALLY, adverb In the forms of legal justice; as a sentence judicially declared.

2. By way of penalty or judgment; as, to be judicially punished.

Judiciary

JUDI'CIARY, noun [French judiciaire; Latin judiciarius.]

1. Passing judgment or sentence.

Boyle.

2. Pertaining to the courts of judicature or legal tribunals.

Judiciary

JUDI'CIARY, noun That branch of government which is concerned in the trial and determination of controversies between parties, and of criminal prosecutions; the system of courts of justice in a government. An independent judiciary is the firmest bulwark of freedom.

United States.

Judicious

JUDI'CIOUS, adjective [French judicieux; Italian giudicioso.]

1. According to sound judgment; wise; prudent; rational; adapted to obtain a good end by the best means; used of things. Nothing is more important to success in the world than a judicious application of time, unless it may be a judicious expenditure of money.

2. Acting according to sound judgment; possessing sound judgment; wise; directed by reason and wisdom; used of persons; as a judicious magistrate; a judicious historian.

Judiciously

JUDI'CIOUSLY, adverb With good judgment; with discretion or wisdom; skillfully.

Longinus has judiciously preferred the sublime genius that sometimes errs, to the middling or indifferent one, which makes few faults, but seldom rises to excellence.

Dryden.

Judiciousness

JUDI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of acting or being according to sound judgment.

Jug

JUG, noun [Junius mentions the Danish jugge, an urn or water-pot, and the Saxon has ceac, Low Latin caucus. Qu.]

A vessel, usually earthen, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors.

Swift.

Juggle

JUG'GLE, verb intransitive [Dutch guichelen or goochelen; German gaukeln; Italian giocolare; Danish gÃƒ-¶gler, to juggle; giekker, to joke; Swedish g?ck, a jester; g?cka, to mock, to make sport; Latin joculor, to jest, from jocus, a joke; jocor, to joke, which coincides with the Spanish and Portugese jugar, to play, to sport; French jouer, contracted. It is certain that joke and jocular, and probable that joy, are from the same root as juggle; perhaps Chaldee hukk, or chuk, to laugh, to play, to sport. Class Gk. No. 18.]

1. To play tricks by slight of hand; to amuse and make sport by tricks, which make a false show of extraordinary powers.

2. To practice artifice or imposture.

Be these juggling fiends no more believed.

Shak.

Juggle

JUG'GLE, verb transitive To deceive by trick or artifice.

Is't possible the spells of France should juggle

Men into such strange mockeries?

Shak.

Juggle

JUG'GLE, noun A trick by legerdemain.

2. An imposture; a deception.

Tillotson.

Juggler

JUG'GLER, noun [Spanish juglar; French jongleur; Italian giocolatore; Dutch guicheloer.]

1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by slight of hand; one who makes sport by tricks of extraordinary dexterity, by which the spectator is deceived. Jugglers are punishable by law.

2. A cheat; a deceiver; a trickish fellow.

Shak.

Juggling

JUG'GLING, participle of the present tense Playing tricks by slight of hand; deceiving.

Juggling

JUG'GLING, noun The act or practice of exhibiting tricks of legerdemain.

Jugglingly

JUG'GLINGLY, adverb In a deceptive manner.

Jugular

JU'GULAR, adjective [Latin jugulum, the neck, either from jugum, a yoke, or from its radical sense, to extend, to join. See Join.]

Pertaining to the neck or throat; as the jugular vein.

Jugular

JU'GULAR, noun A large vein of the neck.

Juice

JUICE, or JUSE, n. juse. [Dutch juys; French jus. The regular orthography is juse.]

The sap of vegetables; the fluid part of animal substances.

Encyc.

Juice

JUICE, verb transitive To moisten.

Juiceless

JUICELESS, a. ju'seless. Destitute of juice; dry; without moisture.

More.

Juiciness

JUICINESS, n. ju'siness. The state of abounding with juice; succulence in plants.

Juicy

JUICY, a. ju'sy. Abounding with juice; moist; succulent.

Bacon.

Juise

JUISE, noun [Latin jus.] Judgment; justice. Obs.

Gower.

Jujub

JU'JUB, or JU'JUBE, noun [Latin zizyphum; Pers..]

The name of a plant and of its fruit, which is pulpy and resembles a small plum. The plant is arranged under the genus Rhamnus. The fruit was formerly used in pectoral decoctions, but it is now in little reputation.

Encyc. Miller.

Juke

JUKE, verb intransitive [French jucher.] To perch. [Not used.]

Julep

JU'LEP, noun [Arabic julabon; Pers. id.; French julep; Italian giulebbo.]

In pharmacy, a medicine composed of some proper liquor and a sirup of sugar, of extemporaneous preparation, serving as a vehicle to other forms of medicine.

Encyc. Quincy.

Julian

JU'LIAN, adjective Noting the old account of the year, as regulated by Julius Cesar, which continued to be used till 1752, when the Gregorian year, or new style, was adopted.

Julian Alps, called also Carnian, between Venetia and Noricum.

D'Anville.

Julis

JU'LIS, noun A small fish with a green back.

Julus

JU'LUS, noun [Greek, a handful or bundle.]

1. In botany, a catkin or ament, a species of calyx or inflorescence, consisting of chaffy scales arranged along a stalk, as in hazle, birch, willow, &c.

Martyn.

2. A genus of multiped insects, of the order of Apters, of a semi-cylindrical form, with moniliform antennae, and two articulated palpi.

Encyc.

July

JULY', noun The seventh month of the year, during which the sun enters the sign Leo. It is so called from Julius, the surname of Caius Cesar, who was born in this month. Before that time, this month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.

July-Flower

JULY-FLOWER, noun The name of certain species of plants. The clove July-flower is of the genus Dianthus; the queen's July-flower of the genus Hesperis; and the stock July-flower of the genus Cheiranthus. [See Gilly-flower.]

Lee.

Jumart

JU'MART, noun [French] The offspring of a bull and a mare.

Locke.

Jumble

JUM'BLE, verb transitive [Chaucer, jombre.] To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order. It is often followed by together.

One may observe how apt that is to jumble together passages of Scripture.

Locke.

Jumble

JUM'BLE, verb intransitive To meet, mix or unite in a confused manner.

Swift.

Jumble

JUM'BLE, noun Confused mixture, mass or collection without order.

Swift.

Jumbled

JUM'BLED, participle passive Mixed or collected in a confused mass.

Jumblement

JUM'BLEMENT, noun Confused mixture. [Not in use.]

Jumbler

JUM'BLER, adjective One who mixes things in confusion.

Jumbling

JUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Putting or mixing in a confused mass.

Jument

JU'MENT, noun [French from Latin jumentum, a beast.]

A beast of burden. [Not used.]

Brown.

Jump

JUMP, verb intransitive [Qu. the root of lt. zampillare, to spring.]

1. To leap; to skip; to spring. Applied to men, it signifies to spring upwards or forwards with both feet, in distinction from hop, which signifies to spring with one foot. A man jumps over a ditch; a beast jumps over a fence. A man jumps upon a horse; a goat jumps from rock to rock.

2. To spring over any thing; to pass to at a leap.

Here, upon this bank and shelve of time, We'd jump the life to come.

Shak.

We see a little, presume a great deal, and so jump to the conclusion.

Spectator.

3. To bound; to pass from object to object; to jolt.

The noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the jumping chariots. Nahum iii.

4. To agree; to tally; to coincide.

In some sort it jumps with my humor.

Shak.

[This use of the word is now vulgar, and in America, I think, is confined to the single phrase, to jump in judgment.]

Jump

JUMP, verb transitive To pass by a leap; to pass over eagerly or hastily; as, to jump a stream. [But over is understood.]

Jump

JUMP, noun The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound.

2. A lucky chance.

Shak.

Jump

JUMP, noun [French jupe; Italian giubba.] A kind of loose or limber stays or waistcoat, worn by females.

Jump

JUMP, adverb Exactly; nicely. Obs.

Hooker.

Jumper

JUMP'ER, noun One who jumps.

Jumping

JUMP'ING, participle of the present tense Leaping; springing; bounding.

Juncate

JUNC'ATE, noun [Italian giuncata, cream chese; French jonchÃƒ-©e de crÃƒ-ªme, a kind of cream cheese served in a frail of green rushes, and for that reason so called, or because made in a frail or basket of rushes; Latin juncus, a rush.]

1. A cheese-cake; a kind of sweetmeat of curds and sugar.

Johnson.

2. Any kind of delicate food.

Milton.

3. A furtive or private entertainment. [It is now written junket.]

Juncous

JUNC'OUS, adjective [Latin junceus or juncosus, from juncus, a rush.]

Full of bulrushes. [Little used.]

Junction

JUNC'TION, noun [French from Latin junctio, from jungo, to join.]

1. The act or operation of joining; as the junction of two armies or detachments.

2. Union; coalition; combination.

3. The place or point of union.

Juncture

JUNC'TURE, noun [Latin junctura; Spanish juntura; Italian giuntura; from Latin jungo, to join.]

1. A joining; union; amity; as the junctura of hearts. [Little used.]

King Charles.

2. A union of two bodies; a seam; particularly, a joint or articulation.

Encyc.

3. The line or point at which two bodies are joined.

Boyle.

4. A point of time; particularly, a point rendered critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances.

Addison.

June

JUNE, noun [Latin junius; French juin; Italian giugno; Spanish junio.]

The sixth month of the year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer.

Jungle

JUN'GLE, noun [Hindoo.] In Hindoostan, a thick wood of small trees or shrubs.

Asiat. Res.

Jungly

JUN'GLY, adjective Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles.

Ibm.

Junior

JU'NIOR, adjective [Latin from juvenis, young; quasi, juvenior.]

Younger; not as old as another; as a junior partner in a company. It is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons bearing the same name in one family or town, and opposed to elder; as John Doe junior.

Junior

JU'NIOR, noun A person younger than another.

The fools, my juniors by a yearÃ‚--

Swift.

Juniority

JUNIOR'ITY, noun The state of being junior.

Bullokar.

Juniper

JU'NIPER, noun [Latin juniperus; Italian ginepro; French genevre; Spanish enebro.]

A tree or shrub bearing berries of a bluish color, of a warm, pungent, sweet taste, yielding when fresh, by expression, a rich, sweet, aromatic juice. They are useful carminatives and stomachics. The wood of the tree is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinet work and veneering. The oil of juniper mixed with that of nuts makes an excellent varnish; and the resin powdered is used under the name of pounce.

Encyc.

Junk

JUNK, noun [Latin juncus, Italian giunco, Spanish junco, French jonc, a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages.]

1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and when untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for filling the seams of ships.

Mar. Dict.

2. A small ship used in China; a Chinese vessel. [An eastern word.]

Junket

JUNK'ET, noun [See Juncate.] A sweetmeat.

Shak.

2. A stolen entertainment.

Junket

JUNK'ET, verb intransitive To feast in secret; to make an entertainment by stealth.

Swift.

2. To feast.

Job's children junketed and feasted together often.

South.

Junto

JUN'TO, noun [Spanish junta, a meeting or council, from Latin junctus, joined; Italian giunto.]

1. Primarily, a select council or assembly, which deliberates in secret on any affair of government. In a good sense, it is not used in English; but hence,

2. A cabal; a meeting or collection of men combined for secret deliberation and intrigue for party purposes; a faction; as a junto of ministers.

Gulliver.

Jupiter

JU'PITER, noun [Latin the air or heavens; Jovis pater.]

1. The supreme deity among the Greeks and Romans.

2. One of the superior planets, remarkable for its brightness. Its diameter is about eighty-nine thousand miles; its distance from the sun, four hundred and ninety millions of miles, and its revolution round the sun a little less than twelve years.

Juppon

JUPPON', noun [French jupon; Italian giubbone.] A short close coat.

Dryden.

Jurat

JU'RAT, noun [French from Latin juratus, sworn, from juro, to swear.]

In England, a magistrate in some corporations; an alderman, or an assistant to a bailiff.

Encyc.

Juratory

JU'RATORY, adjective [French juratoire, from Latin juro, to swear.]

Comprising an oath; as juratory caution. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Juridical

JURID'ICAL, adjective [Latin juridicus; jus, juris, law, and dico, to pronounce.]

1. Acting in the distribution of justice; pertaining to a judge.

2. Used in courts of law or tribunals of justice.

Hale.

Juridically

JURID'ICALLY, adverb According to forms of law, or proceedings in tribunals of justice; with legal authority.

Jurisconsult

JURISCON'SULT, noun [Latin juris consultus; jus and consultus, consulo, to consult.]

Among the Romans, a man learned in the law; a counselor at law; a master of Roman jurisprudence, who was consulted on the interpretation of the laws.

Encyc.

Jurisdiction

JURISDIC'TION, noun [French from Latin jurisdictio; jus, juris, law, and dictio, from dico, to pronounce; Italian giuridizione; Spanish jurisdiccione; Portugese jurisdiÃƒ-§am.]

1. The legal power or authority of doing justice in cases of complaint; the power of executing the laws and distributing justice. Thus we speak of certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes being within the jurisdiction of a court, that is, within the limits of their authority or commission. Inferior courts have jurisdiction of debt and trespass, or of smaller offenses; the supreme courts have jurisdiction of treason, murder, and other high crimes. Jurisdiction is secular or ecclesiastical.

2. Power of governing or legislating. The legislature of one state can exercise no jurisdiction in another.

3. The power or right of exercising authority. Nations claim exclusive jurisdiction on the sea, to the extent of a marine league from the main land or shore.

4. The limit within which power may be exercised.

Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare or apply the law; when confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction, is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects.

Du Ponceau.

Jurisdictional

JURISDIC'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights.

Jurisdictive

JURISDIC'TIVE, adjective Having jurisdiction.

Milton.

Jurisprudence

JURISPRU'DENCE, noun [French from Latin jurisprudentia; jus, law, and prudentia, science.]

The science of law; the knowledge of the laws, customs and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice. The study of jurisprudence, next to that of theology, is the most important and useful to men.

Jurisprudent

JURISPRU'DENT, adjective Understanding law.

West.

Jurisprudential

JURISPRUDEN'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to jurisprudence.

Ward.

Jurist

JU'RIST, noun [French juriste; Italian giurista; Spanish jurista; from Latin jus, juris, law.]

1. A man who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, or more particularly, in the civil law; a civilian.

Bacon.

2. One versed in the law of nations, or who writes on the subject.

Juror

JU'ROR, noun [Latin jurator; or rather juro, to swear.]

One that serves on a jury; one sworn to deliver the truth on the evidence given him concerning any matter in question or on trial.

Jury

JU'RY, noun [French jurÃƒ-©, sworn, Latin juro, to swear.]

A number of freeholders, selected in the manner prescribed by law, empanneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the truth on the evidence given them in the case. Grand juries consist usually of twenty four freeholders at least, and are summoned to try matters alledged in indictments. Petty juries, consisting usually of twelve men, attend courts to try matters of fact in civil causes, and to decide both the law and the fact in criminal prosecutions. The decision of a petty jury is called a verdict.

Juryman

JU'RYMAN, noun One who is empanneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.

Jurymast

JU'RYM`AST, noun A mast erected in a ship to supply the place of one carried away in a tempest or an engagement, &c. The most probable origin of the word jury, in this compound, is that proposed by Thomson, viz. from the French jour, day, quasi, jourÃƒ-©, temporary, or from Latin juvare, to assist.

Just

JUST, adjective [French juste; Spanish justo; Italian giusto; Latin justus. The primary sense is probably straight or close, from the sense of setting, erecting, or extending.]

1. Regular; orderly; due; suitable. When all

The war shall stand ranged in its just array.

Addison.

2. Exactly proportioned; proper.

Pleaseth your lordship

To meet his grace, just distance 'tween our armies?

Shak.

3. Full; complete to the common standard.

He was a comely personage, a little above just stature.

Bacon.

4. Full; true; a sense allied to the preceding, or the same.

Ã‚--So that once the skirmish was like to have come to a just battle.

Knolles.

5. In a moral sense, upright; honest; having principles of rectitude; or conforming exactly to the laws, and to principles of rectitude in social conduct; equitable in the distribution of justice; as a just judge.

6. In an evangelical sense, righteous; religious; influenced by a regard to the laws of God; or living in exact conformity to the divine will.

There is not a just man on earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Ecclesiastes 7.

7. Conformed to rules of justice; doing equal justice.

Just balances, just weights, a just ephah and a just hin shall ye have. Leviticus 19.

8. Conformed to truth; exact; proper; accurate; as just thoughts; just expressions; just images or representations; a just description; a just inference.

9. True; founded in truth and fact; as a just charge or accusation.

10. Innocent; blameless; without guilt.

How should man be just with God? Job 9.

11. Equitable; due; merited; as a just recompense or reward.

Ã‚--Whose damnation is just. Romans 3.

12. True to promises; faithful; as just to one's word or engagements.

13. Impartial; allowing what is due; giving fair representation of character, merit or demerit.

Just

JUST, adverb Close or closely; near or nearly, in place. He stood just by the speaker, and heard what he said. He stood just at the entrance of the city.

2. Near or nearly in time; almost. Just at that moment he arose and fled.

3. Exactly; nicely; accurately. They remain just of the same opinion.

'Tis with our judgments as our watches; none

Go just alike, yet each believes his own.

Pope.

4. Merely; barely; exactly.

Ã‚--And having just enough, not covet more.

Dryden.

5. Narrowly. He just escaped without injury.

Just

JUST, noun [French jouste, now joute; Spanish justa; Portugese id.; Italian giostra; probably from the root of jostle or justle. The primary sense is to thrust, to drive, to push.]

A mock encounter on horseback; a combat for sport or for exercise, in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords, man to man, in mock fight; a tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments.

Encyc.

Just

JUST, verb intransitive [French jouter; Spanish and Portugese justar; Italian giostrare.]

1. To engage in mock fight on horseback.

2. To push; to drive; to justle.

Justice

JUST'ICE, noun [French; Spanish justicia; Italian giustizia; from Latin justitia, from justus, just.]

2. The virtue which consists in giving to every one what is his due; practical conformity to the laws and to principles of rectitude in the dealings of men with each other; honesty; integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. Justice is distributive or commutative. Distributive justice belongs to magistrates or rulers, and consists in distributing to every man that right or equity which the laws and the principles of equity require; or in deciding controversies according to the laws and to principles of equity. Commutative justice consists in fair dealing in trade and mutual intercourse between man and man.

2. Impartiality; equal distribution of right in expressing opinions; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit. In criticisms, narrations, history or discourse, it is a duty to do justice to every man, whether friend or foe.

3. Equity; agreeableness to right; as, he proved the justice of his claim. This should, in strictness, be justness.

4. Vindictive retribution; merited punishment. Sooner or later, justice overtakes the criminal.

5. Right; application of equity. His arm will do him justice.

6. [Low Latin justiciarius.] A person commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice to individuals; as the Chief Justice of the king's bench, or of the common pleas, in England; the Chief Justice of the supreme court in the United States, &c. and justices of the peace.

Justice

JUST'ICE, verb transitive To administer justice. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Justiceable

JUST'ICEABLE, adjective Liable to account in a court of justice. [Little used.]

Hayward.

Justicer

JUST'ICER, noun An administrator of justice. [Little used.]

Bp. Hall.

Justiceship

JUST'ICESHIP, noun The office or dignity of a justice.

Swift.

Justiciary

JUSTI'CIARY, or JUSTI'CIAR, noun [Latin justiciarius.] An administrator of justice.

Burke.

2. A chief justice.

Blackstone.

3. One that boasts of the justice of his own act. [Not used.]

Dering.

Justifiable

JUST'IFIABLE, adjective [from justify.] That may be proved to be just; that may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude or propriety; defensible; vindicable. No breach of law or moral obligation is justifiable. The execution of a malefactor in pursuance of a sentence of court, is justifiable homicide.

Justifiableness

JUST'IFIABLENESS, noun The quality of being justifiable; rectitude; possibility of being defended or vindicated.

King Charles.

Justifiably

JUST'IFIABLY, adverb In a manner that admits of vindication or justification; rightly.

Justification

JUSTIFICA'TION, noun [French from justifier, to justify.]

1. The act of justifying; a showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude or propriety; vindication; defense. The court listened to the evidence and arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct. Our disobedience to God's commands admits no justification.

2. Absolution.

I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay of my virtue.

Shak.

3. In law, the showing of a sufficient reason in court why a defendant did what he is called to answer. Pleas in justification must set forth some special matter.

4. In theology, remission of sin and absolution from guilt and punishment; or an act of free grace by which God pardons the sinner and accepts him as righteous, on account of the atonement of Christ.

Justificative

JUSTIF'ICATIVE, adjective Justifying; that has power to justify.

Justificator

JUSTIFICA'TOR, noun One who justifies. [Little used.]

Justifier

JUST'IFIER, noun One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports or defends.

2. He who pardons and absolves from guilt and punishment.

That he might be just, and the justifier of him who believeth in Jesus.

Romans 3.

Justify

JUST'IFY, verb transitive [French justifier; Spanish justificar; Italian giustificare; Latin justus, just, and facio, to make.]

1. To prove or show to be just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety or duty; to defend or maintain; to vindicate as right. We cannot justify disobedience or ingratitude to our Maker. We cannot justify insult or incivility to our fellow men. Intemperance, lewdness, profaneness and dueling are in no case to be justified.

2. In theology, to pardon and clear from guilt; to absolve or acquit from guilt and merited punishment, and to accept as righteous on account of the merits of the Savior, or by the application of Christ's atonement to the offender.

St. Paul.

3. To cause another to appear comparatively righteous, or less guilty than one's self. Ezekiel 16.

4. To judge rightly of.

Wisdom is justified by her children. Matthew 11.

5. To accept as just and treat with favor. James 2.

Justify

JUST'IFY, verb intransitive In printing, to agree; to suit; to conform exactly; to form an even surface or true line with something else. Types of different sizes will not justify with each other.

Justle

JUS'TLE, v. i. jus'l. [See Jostle and Just.]

To run against; to encounter; to strike against; to clash.

The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall justle one against another in the broad ways. Nahum 2.

Justle

JUS'TLE, v. t. jus'l. To push; to drive; to force by rushing against; commonly followed by off or out; as, to justle a thing off the table, or out of its place.

Justly

JUST'LY, adverb [from just.] In conformity to law, justice or propriety; by right. The offender is justly condemned. The hero is justly rewarded, applauded or honored.

2. According to truth and facts. His character is justly described.

3. Honestly; fairly; with integrity; as, to do justly. Micah 6.

4. Properly; accurately; exactly.

Their feet assist their hands, and justly beat the ground.

Dryden.

Justness

JUST'NESS, noun Accuracy; exactness; as the justness of proportions.

2. Conformity to truth; as the justness of a description or representation.

3. Justice; reasonableness; equity; as the justness of a cause or of a demand. [Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to persons; but the distinction is not always observed.]

Jut

JUT, verb intransitive [a different spelling of jet.] To shoot forward; to project beyond the main body; as the jutting part of a building. A point of land juts into the sea.

Jut

JUT, noun A shooting forward; a projection.

Jutting

JUT'TING, participle of the present tense Shooting out; projecting.

Jutty

JUT'TY, verb intransitive To jut. [Not used.]

Shak.

Jutty

JUT'TY, noun A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole.

Jut-Window

JUT-WINDOW, noun A window that projects from the line of a building.

Juvenile

JU'VENILE, adjective [Latin juvenilis, from juvenis, young.]

1. Young; youthful; as juvenile years or age.

2. Pertaining or suited to youth; as juvenile sports.

Juvenility

JUVENIL'ITY, noun Youthfulness; youthful age.

Glanville.

2. Light and careless manner; the manners or customs of youth.

Glanville.

Juxtaposited

JUXTAPOS'ITED, adjective [Latin juxta, near, and posited.] Placed near; adjacent or contiguous.

Macquer.

Juxtaposition

JUXTAPOSI'TION, noun [Latin juxta, near, and position.]

A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity; as the parts of a substance or of a composition. The connection of words is sometimes to be ascertained by juxtaposition.

K

K

K, the eleventh letter of the English Alphabet, is borrowed from the Greeks, being the same character as the Greek kappa, answering to the oriental kaph. It represents a close articulation, formed by pressing the root of the tongue against the upper part of the mouth, with a depression of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is usually denominated a guttural, but is more properly a palatal. Before all the vowels, it has one invariable sound, corresponding with that of c, before a, o and u, as in keel, ken. In monosyllables, it is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking, for with out it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s.

Formerly, k was added to c, in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick. But in modern practice, k is very properly omitted, being entirely snperfluous, and the more properly, as it is never written in the derivatives, musical, publication, republican. It is retained in traffick, as in monosyllables, on account of the pronunciation of the derivatives, trafficked, trafficking.

K is silent before n, as in know, knife, knee.

As a numeral, K stands for 250; and with a stroke over it, thus, K, for 250,000.

This character was not used by the ancient Romans, and rarely in the later ages of their empire. In the place of k, they used c, as in clino, for the Greek. In the Teutonic dialects, this Greek letter is sometimes represented by h. [See H.]

Kaaling

KAALING, noun A bird, a species of starling, found in China.

Kabbos

KAB'BOS, noun A fish of a brown color, with out scales.

Kale

KALE, noun [Latin caulis; Welsh cawl.] Sea-cale, an esculent plant of the genus Crambe.

Kalendar

KAL'ENDAR, noun [See Calendar.]

Kali

KA'LI, noun [Arabic the ashes of the Salicornia, from kalai, to fry.]

A plant, a species of Salsola, or glass-wort, the ashes of which are used in making glass. Hence alkali, which see.

Kalif

KA'LIF, noun [See Calif.]

Kalmia

KAL'MIA, noun The name of a genus of evergreen shrubs, natives of N. America, called laurel, ivy-bush, calico-bush, &c.

Kam

KAM, adjective [Welsh cam.] Crooked. [Not used.]

Shak.

Kan

KAN, or KAUN, or KHAN, noun In Persia, an officer answering to a governor in Europe or America. Among the Tartars, a chief or prince. [See Khan.]

Kangaroo

KANGAROO', noun A singular animal found in New Holland, resembling in some respects the opossum. It belongs to the genus Didelphis. It has a small head, neck and shoulders, the body increasing in thickness to the rump. The fore legs are very short, useless in walking, but used for digging or bringing food to the mouth. The hind legs, which are long, are used in moving, particularly in leaping.

Encyc.

Kaolin

KA'OLIN, noun A species of earth or variety of clay, used as one of the two ingredients in the oriental porcelain. The other ingredient is called in China petunse. Its color is white, with a shade of gray, yellow or red.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Karagane

KAR'AGANE, noun A species of gray fox found in the Russian empire.

Tooke.

Karpholite

KARPH'OLITE, noun [Greek, straw, and, a stone.]

A mineral recently discovered. It has a fibrous structure and a yellow color.

Werner. Cleaveland.

Kata

KA'TA, noun In Syria, a fowl of the grous kind.

Kaw

KAW, verb intransitive [from the sound.] To cry as a raven, crow or rook.

Locke.

Kaw

KAW, noun The cry of the raven, crow or rook.

Dryden.

Kawn

KAWN, noun In Turkey, a public inn.

Kayle

KAYLE, noun [French quille, a nine-pin, a keel.]

1. A nine-pin, a kettle-pin; sometimes written keel.

Sidney. Carew.

2. A kind of play in Scotland, in which nine holes ranged in threes, are made in the ground, and an iron ball rolled in among them.

Johnson.

Keck

KECK, verb intransitive [German kÃƒ-¶ken.] To heave the stomach; to reach, as in an effort to vomit. [Little used.]

Bacon. Swift.

Keck

KECK, noun A reaching or heaving of the stomach.

Cheyne.

Keckle

KECK'LE, verb transitive [Qu. German kugeln, to roll.] To wind old rope round a cable to preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains round a cable to defend

it from the friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice.

Mar. Dict.

Kecksy

KECK'SY, noun [Qu. French cigue, Latin cicuta. It is said to be commonly pronounced kex.]

Hemlock; a hollow jointed plant. [Not used in America.]

Shak.

Kecky

KECK'Y, adjective Resembling a kex.

2. An Indian scepter.

Grew.

Kedge

KEDGE, noun [allied probably to cag and keg.] A small anchor, used to keep a ship steady when riding in a harbor or river, and particularly at the turn of the tide, to keep her clear of her bower anchor, also to remove her from one part of a harbor to another, being carried out in a boat and let go, as in warping or kedging. [Sometimes written kedger.]

Mar. Dict.

Kedge

KEDGE, verb transitive To warp, as a ship; to move by means of a kedge, as in a river.

Kedlack

KED'LACK, noun A weed that grows among wheat and rye; charlock. [I believe not used in America.]

Tusser. Johnson.

Kee

KEE, plu. of cow. [Local in England and not used in America.]

Gay.

Keech

KEECH, noun A mass or lump. [Not in use.]

Percy.

Keel

KEEL, noun [Saxon coele; German and Dutch kiel; Danish kill, kiol; Russian kil; Swedish k?l; French quille; Spanish quilla; Portugese quilha. The word, in different languages, signifies a keel, a pin, kayle, and a quill; probably from extending.]

1. The principal timber in a ship, extending from stem to stern at the bottom, and supporting the whole frame.

Mar. Dict.

2. A low flat-bottomed vessel, used in the river Tyne, to convey coals from Newcastle for loading the colliers.

3. In botany, the lower petal of a papilionaceous corol, inclosing the stamens and pistil.

Martyn.

False keel, a strong thick piece of timber, bolted to the bottom of the keel, to preserve it from injury.

On an even keel, in a level or horizontal position.

Keel

KEEL, verb transitive [Saxon coelan.] To cool. Obs.

Gower.

Keel

KEEL, verb transitive To plow with a keel; to navigate.

J. Barlow.

2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom.

Shak.

To keel the pot, in Ireland, to scum it.

Shak.

Keelage

KEE'LAGE, noun Duty paid for a ship entering Hartlepool,

Keeled

KEE'LED, adjective In botany, carinated; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as a keeled leaf, calyx or nectary.

Martyn.

Keelfat

KEE'LFAT, noun [Saxon coelan, to cool, and fat, vat.]

A cooler; a vessel in which liquor is set for cooling. [Not used.]

Keelhaul

KEE'LHAUL, verb transitive [Dutch kielhaalen; keel and haul.]

To haul under the keel of a ship. Keelhauling is a punishment inflicted in the Dutch navy for certain offenses. The offender is suspended by a rope from one yard arm, with weights on his legs, and a rope fastened to him, leading under the ship's bottom to the opposite yard arm, and being let fall into the water, he is drawn under the ship's bottom and raised on the other side.

Mar. Dict.

Keeling

KEE'LING, noun A kind of small cod, of which stock fish is made.

Keelson

KEELSON, n. kel'son. A piece of timber in a ship, laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel, fastened with long bolts and clinched, and thus binding the floor timbers to the keel.

Mar. Dict.

Keen

KEEN, adjective [Saxon cene; German kÃƒ-¼hn; Dutch koen; properly, bold, stout, eager, daring, from shooting forward. Class Gn.]

1. Eager; vehement; as hungry curs too keen at the sport.

Tatler.

The sheep were so keen on the acornsÃ‚--

L'Estrange.

2. Eager; sharp; as a keen appetite.

3. Sharp; having a very fine edge; as a keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge. We say a keen edge, but a sharp point.

4. Piercing; penetrating; severe; applied to cold or to wind; as a keen wind; the cold is very keen.

5. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; as keen satire or sarcasm.

Good father cardinal, cry thou amen,

To my keen curses.

Shak.

Keen

KEEN, verb transitive To sharpen. [Unusual.]

Thomson.

Keenly

KEE'NLY, adverb Eagerly; vehemently.

2. Sharply; severely; bitterly.

Keenness

KEE'NNESS, noun Eagerness; vehemence; as the keenness of hunger.

2. Sharpness; fineness of edge; as the keenness of a razor.

3. The quality of piercing; rigor; sharpness; as the keenness of the air or of cold.

4. Asperity; acrimony; bitterness; as the keenness of satire, invective or sarcasm.

5. Acuteness; sharpness; as the keenness of wit.

Keep

KEEP, verb transitive pret. and pp. kept. [Saxon cepan, Syriac kaba, Ethiopic akab, to keep. Class Gb. No. 68. 85. The word coincides in elements with have, Latin habeo, and capio, but I think the radical sense to be different.

1. To hold; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose or part with; as, to keep a house or a farm; to keep any thing in the memory, mind or heart.

2. To have in custody for security or preservation.

The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the castle of Vice-grade.

Knolles.

3. To preserve; to retain.

The Lord God, merciful and gracious, keeping mercy for thousandsÃ‚--Exodus 34.

4. To preserve from falling or from danger; to protect; to guard or sustain.

And behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Genesis 28. Luke 4.

5. To hold or restrain from departure; to detain.

Ã‚--That I may know what keeps me here with you.

Dryden.

6. To tend; to have the care of.

And the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Genesis 2.

7. To tend; to feed; to pasture; as, to keep a flock of sheep or a herd of cattle in a yard or in a field. He keeps his horses on oats or on hay.

8. To preserve in any tenor or state. Keep a stiff rein.

Keep the constitution sound.

Addison.

9. To regard; to attend to.

While the stars and course of heaven I keepÃ‚--

Dryden.

10. To hold in any state; as, to keep in order.

11. To continue any state, course or action; as, to keep silence; to keep the same road or the same pace; to keep reading or talking; to keep a given distance.

12. To practice; to do or perform; to obey; to observe in practice; not to neglect or violate; as, to keep the laws, statutes or commandments of God.

Scripture.

13. To fulfill; to perform; as, to keep one's word, promise or covenant.

14. To practice; to use habitually; as, to keep bad hours.

Pope.

15. To copy carefully.

Her servant's eyes were fix'd upon her face,

And as she moved or turned, her motions viewed,

Her measures kept, and step by step pursued.

Dryden.

16. To observe or solemnize.

Ye shall keep it a feast to the Lord. Exodus 12.

17. To board; to maintain; to supply with necessaries of life. The men are kept at a moderate price per week.

18. To have in the house; to entertain; as, to keep lodgers.

19. To maintain; not to intermit; as, to keep watch or guard.

20. To hold in one's own bosom; to confine to one's own knowledge; not to disclose or communicate to others; not to betray; as, to keep a secret; to keep one's own counsel.

21. To have in pay; as, to keep a servant.

To keep back, to reserve; to withhold; not to disclose or communicate.

I will keep nothing back from you. Jeremiah 42.

2. To restrain; to prevent from advancing.

Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins. Psalm 19.

3. To reserve; to withhold; not to deliver. Acts 5.

To keep company with, to frequent the society of; to associate with. Let youth keep company with the wise and good.

2. To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a journey or voyage.

To keep down, to prevent from rising; not to lift or suffer to be raised.

To keep in, to prevent from escape; to hold in confinement.

2. To conceal; not to tell or disclose.

3. To restrain; to curb.

Locke.

To keep off, to hinder from approach or attack; as, to keep off an enemy or an evil.

To keep under, to restrain; to hold in subjection; as, to keep under an antagonist or a conquered country; to keep under the appetites and passions.

To keep up, to maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit.

2. To maintain; to continue; to hinder from ceasing.

In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it.

Locke.

To keep out, to hinder from entering or taking possession.

To keep bed, to remain in bed without rising; to be confined to one's bed.

To keep house, to maintain a family state. His income enables him to keep house.

2. To remain in the house; to be confined. His feeble health obliges him to keep house.

To keep from, to restrain; to prevent approach.

To keep a school, to maintain or support it; as, the town or its inhabitants keep ten schools; more properly, to govern and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor.

Keep

KEEP, verb intransitive To remain in any state; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out of reach.

2. To last; to endure; not to perish or be impaired. Seek for winter's use apples that will keep.

If the malt is not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not keep.

Mortimer.

3. To lodge; to dwell; to reside for a time. Knock at the study, where, they say, he keeps.

Shak.

To keep to, to adhere strictly; not to neglect or deviate from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's word or promise.

To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance.

Dryden.

To keep up, to remain unsubdued; or not to be confined to one's bed.

In popular language, this word signifies to continue; to repeat continually; not to cease.

Keep

KEEP, noun Custody; guard. [Little used.]

Dryden.

2. Colloquially, case; condition; as in good keep.

English.

3. Guardianship; restraint. [Little used.]

Ascham.

4. A place of confinement; in old castles, the dungeon.

Keeper

KEE'PER, noun One who keeps; one that holds or has possession of any thing.

2. One who retains in custody; one who has the care of a prison and the custody of prisoners.

3. One who has the care of a park or other inclosure, or the custody of beasts; as the keeper of a park, a pound, or of sheep.

4. One who has the care, custody or superintendence of any thing.

In Great Britain, the keeper of the great seal, is a lord by his office, and one of the privy council. All royal grants, commissions and charters pass through his hands. He is constituted lord-keeper by the delivery of the great seal. The keeper of the privy seal is also a lord by his office, and a member of the privy council.

Keepership

KEE'PERSHIP, noun The office of a keeper. [Little used.]

Carew.

Keeping

KEE'PING, participle of the present tense Holding; restraining; preserving; guarding; protecting; performing.

Keeping

KEE'PING, noun A holding; restraint; custody; guard; preservation.

2. Feed; fodder. The cattle have good keeping.

3. In painting, a representation of objects in the manner they appear to the eye at different distances from it.

Keepsake

KEE'PSAKE, noun Any thing kept, or given to be kept for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.

Keffekil

KEF'FEKIL, noun A stone, white or yellow, which hardens in the fire, and of which Turkey pipes are made.

Nicholson.

Keg

KEG, noun [French caque.] A small cask or barrel; written more correctly cag.

Kell

KELL, noun A sort of pottage. [Not used in America.]

Ainsworth.

Kell

KELL, noun The caul or omentum. [See Caul, the usual orthography of the word.]

Wiseman.

2. The chrysalis of the caterpillar.

B. Jonson.

Kelp

KELP, noun [Arabic and Pers.] The calcined ashes of sea weed, used in the manufacture of glass. This is a dark colored alkaline substance, which, in a furnace, vitrifies and becomes transparent.

Encyc.

Kelpy

KELP'Y, noun An imaginary spirit of the waters, in the form of a horse. [Local and vulgar.]

Kelson

KEL'SON. [See Keelson.]

Kelter

KELT'ER, noun [Danish kilter, to gird, to truss up; kilte, a folding.]

The phrase, he is not in kelter, signifies, he is not in a proper dress or equipage, or not in readiness.

Kemb

KEMB, verb transitive [Saxon cemban, to comb.] To comb, which see. Kemb is an obsolete orthography.

B. Jonson. Dryden.

Kemelin

KEM'ELIN, noun [Qu. Greek, furniture.] A tub; a brewer's vessel. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Ken

KEN, verb transitive [Welsh ceniaw, to see; ceiniaw, to take a view, to perceive; which Owen deduces from cÃƒ- n, cain, clear, bright, fair, white, and sight, brightness, and this coincides with Latin canus, white, caneo, to be white, and this with Latin cano, to sing, canto, to cant, to chant. These coincide in elements with German kennen, to know, erkennen, to see, know, discern; Dutch kennen. Swedish kunna, Danish kiender, to know, to be able; Saxon connan, cunnan, Gothic kunnan, to know. In Saxon cennan is to bear, Latin gigno, Greek. The radical sense is to strain, extend, reach. In Sanscrit kanna is an eye. See Can.]

1. To see at a distance; to descry.

We ken them from afar.

Addison.

2. To know; to understand. Obs.

Shak. Gay.

[This verb is used chiefly in poetry.]

Ken

KEN, verb intransitive To look round.

Burton.

Ken

KEN, noun View; reach of sight.

Coasting they kept the land within their ken.

Dryden.

Kendal-Green

KEN'DAL-GREEN, noun A species of green cloth made of kendal.

Shak.

Kennel

KEN'NEL, noun [French chenil; Italian canile; from Latin canis, a dog.]

1. A house or cot for dogs, or for a pack of hounds.

2. A pack of hounds or their cry.

Encyc.

3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.

Kennel

KEN'NEL, noun [Italian canale; French canal; channel.]

1. The water-course of a street; a little canal or channel.

2. A puddle.

Kennel

KEN'NEL, verb intransitive To lodge; to lie; to dwell; as a dog or a fox.

The dog kenneled in a hollow tree.

L'Estrange.

Kennel

KEN'NEL, verb transitive To keep or confine in a kennel.

Tatler.

Kenning

KEN'NING, noun View; sight.

Bacon.

Kentle

KEN'TLE, noun [Welsh cant, a hundred; Latin centum.]

In commerce, a hundred pounds in weight; as a kentle of fish. [It is written and pronounced also quintal.]

Kentledge

KENT'LEDGE, noun In seamen's language, pigs of iron for ballast laid on the floor of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Kept

KEPT, preterit tense and participle passive of keep.

Kerb-Stone

KERB-STONE, KIRB-STONE. [See Curb-stone.]

Kerchief

KER'CHIEF, noun [contracted from cover-chief; French couvrir, to cover, and chef, the head. Chaucer.]

1. A head dress; a cloth to cover the head.

Shak.

2. A cloth used in dress.

Hayward.

The word is now seldom used, except in its compound, handkerchief, and sometimes neckerchief.

Kerchiefed

KER'CHIEFED, or KER'CHIEFT, adjective Dressed; hooded; covered.

Milton.

Kerf

KERF, noun [Saxon cyrf; ceorfan, cearfan, to cut, to carve; Dutch kerf, a notch; kerven, to cut; German kerb, kerben, Irish cearb.]

The cut of an ax, a saw, or other instrument; the notch or slit made in wood by cutting.

Kermes

KERM'ES, noun [Arabic kirmiran, coccus baphica. Castell.]

In zoology, an insect produced in the excrescences of a species of small oak, or the body of an insect transformed into a grain, berry, or husk. This body is full of reddish juice, which is used in dyeing red. Hence the word crimson.

Encyc.

Kermes-Mineral

KERM'ES-MINERAL, noun A mineral substance, so called from its color. It is a precipitate of antimony, obtained by fusion with a fixed alkali and subsequent solution in boiling water, or by simple ebullition.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Kern

KERN, noun An Irish footman or foot-soldier.

Spenser.

2. In English laws, an idle person or vagabond.

Encyc.

Kern

KERN, noun A hand-mill consisting of two stones, one of which is turned by the hand; usually written quern, which see.

2. A churn. Obs.

Kern

KERN, verb intransitive [German and Dutch kern, a kernel; German kernen, to curdle.]

1. To harden, as corn in ripening.

Carew.

2. To take the form of corns; to granulate.

Grew.

Kern-Baby

KERN'-BABY, noun [corn-baby.] An image dressed with corn, and carried before reapers to their harvest-home.

Kernel

KERN'EL, noun [Saxon cyrnel, a little corn, grain or nut; German and Dutch kern; French cerneau; Welsh cwaren, a gland, a kernel.]

1. The edible substance contained in the shell of a nut.

More.

2. Any thing included in a shell, husk or integument; a grain or corn; as a kernel of wheat or oats.

3. The seed of pulpy fruit; as the kernel of an apple.

Bacon.

4. The central part of any thing; a small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus.

Arbuthnot.

5. A hard concretion in the flesh.

Kernel

KERN'EL, verb intransitive To harden or ripen into kernels; as the seeds of plants.

Kernelly

KERN'ELLY, adjective Full of kernels; resembling kernels.

Kersey

KER'SEY, noun [Dutch kerzaai; French cariset; Spanish carisea.]

A species of coarse woolen cloth; a coarse stuff made chiefly in Kent and Devonshire in England.

Encyc.

Kerve

KERVE, verb transitive To carve. [Not used.]

Kerver

KERV'ER, noun A carver. [Not used.]

Kesar

KE'SAR, noun [from Cesar.] An emperor. Obs.

Spenser.

Kestrel

KES'TREL, noun A fowl of the genus Falco, or hawk kind; called also stannel and windhover. It builds in hollow oaks, and feeds on quails and other small birds.

Encyc.

Ketch

KETCH, noun [French quaiche; German and Dutch kits.] A vessel with two masts, a main and mizen-mast, usually from 100 to 250 tons burden. Ketches are generally used as yachts or as bomb-vessels. The latter are called bomb-ketches.

Mar. Dict.

Ketchup

KETCH'UP, noun A sauce. [See Catchup.]

Kettle

KET'TLE, noun [Saxon cetl, cetel or cytel; German kessel; Dutch ketel; Danish kedel; Swedish kittel; Russian kotel.]

A vessel of iron or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liquor.

Among the Tartars, a kettle represents a family, or as many as feed from one kettle.

Among the Dutch, a battery of mortars sunk in the earth, is called a kettle.

Encyc.

Kettle-Drum

KET'TLE-DRUM, noun An instrument of martial music, composed of two basins of copper or brass, rounded at the bottom and covered with vellum or goat-skin.

Encyc.

Kettle-Drummer

KET'TLE-DRUMMER, noun The man who beats the kettle-drum.

Kettle-Pins

KET'TLE-PINS, noun Nine pins; skittles.

Kevel

KEV'EL, noun In ships, a piece of timber serving to belay the sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms of the fore-sail and main-sail are extended.

Mar. Dict.

Kex

KEX, noun Hemlock; the stem of the teasel; a dry stalk. [See Kecksy.]

Key

KEY, n. ke. [Saxon coeg.] In a general sense, a fastener; that which fastens; as a piece of wood in the frame of a building, or in a chain, &c.

2. An instrument for shutting or opening a lock, by pushing the bolt one way or the other. Keys are of various forms, and fitted to the wards of the locks to which they belong.

3. An instrument by which something is screwed or turned; as the key of a watch or other chronometer.

4. The stone which binds an arch. [See Key-stone.]

5. In an organ or harpsichord, the key, or finger key is a little lever or piece in the fore part by which the instrument is played on by the fingers.

6. In music, the key, or key note, is the fundamental note or tone, to which the whole piece is accommodated, and with which it usually begins and always ends. There are two keys, one of the major, and one of the minor mode. Key sometimes signifies a scale or system of intervals.

Rousseau.

7. An index, or that which serves to explain a cypher. Hence,

8. That which serves to explain any thing difficult to be understood.

9. In the Romish church, ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or the power of the pope; or the power of excommunicating or absolving.

Encyc.

10. A ledge or lay of rocks near the surface of the water.

11. The husk containing the seed of an ash.

Evelyn.

Key

KEY, noun [Irish ceigh; Dutch kaai; German kai; French quai; Armoric qae. The word is probably contracted from the root of the preceding word, signifying, to hold, make fast, restrain. Class Cg.]

A bank or wharf built on the side of a river or harbor, for the convenience of loading and unloading ships, and securing them in their stations. Hence keys are furnished with posts, rings, cranes, capstans, &c. It is sometimes written quay.

Encyc.

Keyage

KE'YAGE, noun Money paid for the use of a key or quay.

Key-Cold

KE'Y-COLD, adjective Lifeless. [Not in use.]

Keyed

KE'YED, adjective Furnished with keys; as a keyed instrument.

2. Set to a key, as a tune.

Keyhole

KE'YHOLE, noun A hole or aperture in a door or lock, for receiving a key.

Keystone

KE'YSTONE, noun The stone on the top or middle of an arch or vault, which being wider at the top than at the bottom, enters like a wedge and binds the work; properly, the fastening-stone.

Khan

KHAN, n. kaun. In Asia, a governor; a king; a prince; a chief. In Persia, the word denotes the governor of a province; among the Tartars, it is equivalent to king or prince.

Eton.

2. An inn.

Khanate

KHANATE, n. kaun'ate. The dominion or jurisdiction of a khan.

Tooke.

Kibe

KIBE, noun [This word has the elements of chap, gap, gape. Class Gb. No. 7. Perhaps it is of Persian origin, kafidan, to crack, to split. Qu. Danish kiebe, the chops.]

A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold; an ulcerated chilblain; as in the heels.

Kibed

KI'BED, adjective Chapped; cracked with cold; affected with chilblains; as kibed heels.

Darwin.

Kiby

KI'BY, adjective Affected with kibes.

Kick

KICK, verb transitive [Welsh ciciaw, from cic, the foot. Owen. Pers. a kicking.]

To strike with the foot; as, a horse kicks a servant; a man kicks a dog.

Kick

KICK, verb intransitive To practice striking with the foot or feet; as a horse accustomed to kick.

2. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in wantonness, resistance, anger or contempt; to manifest opposition.

Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice? 1 Samuel 2.

Jeshurun waxed fat and kicked. Deuteronomy 32.

It is hard for thee to kick against the goads. Acts 9.

Kick

KICK, noun A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust of the foot.

Kicked

KICK'ED, participle passive Struck with the foot or feet.

Kicker

KICK'ER, noun One that kicks.

Kicking

KICK'ING, participle of the present tense Striking with the foot; thrusting out the foot with violence.

Kicking

KICK'ING, noun The act of striking with the foot, or of yerking the foot with violence. What cannot be effected by kicking, may sometimes be done by coaxing.

Kickshaw

KICK'SHAW, noun [corrupted from French quelque chose, something.]

1. Something fantastical or uncommon, or something that has no particular name.

2. A dish so changed by cooking, that it can scarcely be known.

Johnson.

Kickshoe

KICK'SHOE, noun A dancer, in contempt; a caperer; a buffoon. [A word used only by Milton.]

Kid

KID, noun [Danish kid; Swedish kid, kidling; Welsh cidws, a goat, cidysen, a young goat; Latin hoedus; vulgar Greek; Sanscrit ada; Turk. getsi; Hebrew Chaldee; Syriac a kid; Russian kidayu, to throw, to bring forth young.]

1. A young goat.

2. A faggot; a bundle of heath and furze.

Eng.

Kid

KID, verb transitive or i. To bring forth a young goat.

2. To make into a bundle, as faggots.

Eng.

Kid

KID, verb transitive [Saxon cythan.] To show, discover or make known. Obs.

Gower.

Kidder

KID'DER, noun [Swedish kyta, to truck.] An engrosser of corn, or one who carries corn, provisions and merchandize about the country for sale.

Eng.

Kiddle

KID'DLE, noun A kind of wear in a river for catching fish; corruptly pronounced kittle.

Mag. Charta.

Kiddow

KID'DOW, noun A web-footed fowl, called also guillemot, sea-hen, or skout.

Chambers.

Kidling

KID'LING, noun [Swedish] A young kid.

Browne.

Kidnap

KID'NAP, verb transitive [German kinderdieb; Dutch kinderdief, child-thief. Kid is usually supposed to be contracted from kind, a child, in which case, nap may be the oriental, to steal. See Knab.]

To steal a human being, man, woman or child; or to seize and forcibly carry away any person whatever from his own country or state into another.

Encyc.

Kidnapped

KID'NAPPED, participle passive Stolen or forcibly carried away; as a human being.

Kidnapper

KID'NAPPER, noun One who steals or forcibly carries away a human being; a manstealer.

Kidnapping

KID'NAPPING, participle of the present tense Stealing or forcibly carrying away human beings.

Kidnapping

KID'NAPPING, noun The act of stealing, or forcible abduction of a human being from his own country or state. This crime was capital by the Jewish law, and in modern times is highly penal.

Kidney

KID'NEY, noun [I have not found this word in any other language.]

1. The kidneys are two oblong flattened bodies, extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to the fourth lumbar vertebra, behind the intestines. Their use is to separate the urine from the blood.

Parr. Quincy.

2. Sort; kind. [A ludicrous use of the word.]

Shak.

3. A cant term for a waiting servant.

Tatler.

Kidney-Bean

KID'NEY-BEAN, noun A sort of bean so named from its resemblance to the kidney. It is of the genus Phaseolus.

Kidney-Form

KID'NEY-FORM, or KID'NEY-SHAPED, adjective Having the form or shape of a kidney.

Kirwan.

Kidney-Vetch

KID'NEY-VETCH, noun A plant of the genus Anthyllis.

Kidney-Wort

KID'NEY-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Saxifraga.

Kiffekill

KIF'FEKILL, or KEF'FEKILL, noun A mineral, the meer-schaum, which see.

Kil

KIL, noun A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a river, and hence a stream.

Kilderkin

KIL'DERKIN, noun [Qu. Dutch kinderkin.] A small barrel; a liquid measure containing two firkins, or 16 or 18 gallons.

Encyc.

Kill

KILL, verb transitive [The Dutch has keel, the throat, and keelen, to cut the throat, to kill. In Russian kolyu is to stab. But this word seems to be allied to Saxon cwellan, to kill, to quell, that is, to beat down, to lay; and if so, it may be connected with Dutch kwellen, German quÃƒ-¤len, Swedish qu?lia, Danish quoeler, to torment, but in Danish to stifle, choke or quell. This affinity is rendered probable by the seamen's phrase, to kill the wind, that is, to allay or destroy it.]

1. To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in any manner or by any means. To kill an animal or a plant, is to put an end to the vital functions, either by destroying or essentially injuring the organs necessary to life, or by causing them to cease from action. An animal may be killed by the sword or by poison, by disease or by suffocation. A strong solution of salt will kill plants.

2. To butcher; to slaughter for food; as, to kill an ox.

3. To quell; to appease; to calm; to still; as, in seamen's language, a shower of rain kills the wind.

Killas

KIL'LAS, noun An argillaceous stone of a pale gray or greenish gray, of a lamellar or coarsely granular texture, found in Cornwall, England.

Nicholson.

Killdee

KILL'DEE, noun A small bird in America, so called from its voice or note; a species of plover.

Killed

KILL'ED, participle passive Deprived of life; quelled; calmed.

Killer

KILL'ER, noun One who deprives of life; he or that which kills.

Killing

KILL'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving of life; quelling.

Killinite

KIL'LINITE, noun A mineral, a variety of spodumene, found at Killeney, in Ireland.

Taylor.

Killow

KIL'LOW, noun An earth of a blackish or deep blue color.

Woodward.

Kiln

KILN, n. kil. [Saxon cyln, from cylene, a furnace or kitchen; Latin culina; Welsh cyl and cylyn.]

1. A large stove or oven; a fabric of brick or stone which may be heated for the purpose of hardening, burning or drying any thing; as a kiln for baking or hardening earthen vessels; a kiln for drying grain or meal.

2. A pile of brick constructed for burning or hardening; called also a brick-kiln.

Kiln-Dried

KIL'N-DRIED, participle passive Dried in a kiln.

Kiln-Dry

KIL'N-DRY, v. t. kil-dry. To dry in a kiln; as, to kiln-dry meal or grain.

Kiln-Drying

KIL'N-DRYING, participle of the present tense Drying in a kiln.

Kilogram

KIL'OGRAM, noun [French kilogramme; Greek, a thousand, and. See Gram.]

In the new system of French weights and measures, a thousand grams. According to Lunier, the kilogram is equal in weight to a cubic decimeter of water, or two pounds, five drams and a half.

Kiloliter

KIL'OLITER, noun [French kilolitre; Greek, a thousand, and, a Greek measure. See Liter.]

In the new French measures, a thousand liters; or 264 gallons and 44,231 cubic inches. According to Lunier, it is nearly equal to a tun of wine of Bourdeaux.

Kilometer

KILOM'ETER, noun [French kilometre; Greek, a thousand, and, a meter.]

In the French system of measures, a thousand meters; the meter being the unit of linear measure. The kilometer is nearly equal to a quarter of a French league.

Lunier.

Kilt

KILT, noun A kind of short petticoat worn by the highlanders of Scotland.

Kilt

KILT, participle passive Killed. Obs.

Kimbo

KIM'BO, or KIM'BOW, adjective [probably from the Celtic cam, crooked. The Italian sghembo, crooked, awry, is from the same source.]

Crooked; arched; bent; as a kimbo handle.

Dryden.

To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands on the hips, with the elbows projecting outward.

Kin

KIN, noun [Saxon cyn, cynn, or cind, gecynd, kind, genus, race, relation; Irish cine; German kind; a child; Dutch kind; Welsh cenal, cenaw; Latin genus; Greek; connected with Latin gigno, geno, Greek. Class Gn. No. 29. See Begin.]

1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood, but perhaps sometimes used for relation by affinity or marriage.

This man is of kin to me.

Bacon. Dryden.

2. Relatives; kindred; persons of the same race.

Ã‚--The father, mother and the kin beside.

Dryden.

3. A relation; a relative.

Davies.

4. The same generical class; a thing related.

And the ear-deafening voice of th'oracle,

Kin to Jove's thunder.

Shak.

5. As a termination, kin is used as a diminutive, denoting small, from the sense of child; as in manikin, a little man; Tomkin, Wilkin, Pipkin.

Kin

KIN, adjective Of the same nature; kindred; congenial.

Chaucer.

Kinate

KIN'ATE, noun A salt formed by the union of kinic acid with a base.

Ure.

Kind

KIND, noun [Saxon cyn, or cynn. See Kin.]

1. Race; genus; generic class; as in mankind

or human'kind. In technical language, kind answers to genus.

2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus; as, there are several kinds of eloquence and of style, many kinds of music, many kinds of government, various kinds of architecture or of painting, various kinds of soil, &c.

3. Particular nature; as laws most perfect in their kind.

Baker.

4. Natural state; produce or commodity, as distinguished from money; as taxes paid in kind.

5. Nature; natural propensity or determination.

Some of you, on pure instinct of nature,

Are led by kindt' admire your fellow creature.

Dryden.

6. Manner; way. [Little used.]

Bacon.

7. Sort. He spoke with a kind of scorn or contempt.

Kind

KIND, adjective [Welsh and Armoric cun, kind, favorable, attractive. In Irish ceann, is affection. This word would seem to be connected with the preceding, but in sense it coincides best with the Teutonic gunstig, favorable, kind, from German gÃƒ-¶nnen, to be glad or pleased, to love to see, to favor, Dutch gunnen, to grant or vouchsafe.]

1. Disposed to do good to others, and to make them happy by granting their requests, supplying their wants or assisting them in distress; having tenderness or goodness of nature; benevolent; benignant.

God is kind to the unthankful, and to the evil. Luke 6.

Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted. Ephesians 4.

2. Proceeding from tenderness or goodness of heart; benevolent; as a kind act; a kind return of favors.

Kinded

KIND'ED, adjective Begotten. Obs. [See Kin.]

Spenser.

Kindle

KIN'DLE, verb transitive [Welsh cynneu; Latin accendo; from the root of candeo, caneo, to be light or white, to shine.]

1. To set on fire; to cause to burn with flame; to light; as, to kindle a fire.

2. To inflame, as the passions; to exasperate; to rouse; to provoke; to excite to action; to heat; to fire; to animate; as, to kindle anger or wrath; to kindle resentment; to kindle the flame of love, or love into a flame.

So is a contentious woman to kindle strife. Proverbs 26.

3. To bring forth. [Saxon cennan.] [Not used.]

Shak.

Kindle

KIN'DLE, verb intransitive To take fire; to begin to burn with flame. Fuel and fire well laid, will kindle without a bellows.

2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited; to be roused or exasperated.

It shall kindle in the thickets of the forest. Isaiah 9.

Kindled

KIN'DLED, participle passive Set on fire; inflamed; excited into action.

Kindler

KIN'DLER, noun He or that which kindles or sets on fire.

Kindless

KINDLESS, adjective Destitute of kindness; unnatural.

Shak.

Kindliness

KINDLINESS, noun Affection; affectionate disposition; benignity.

2. Natural disposition.

Milton.

Kindling

KIN'DLING, participle of the present tense Setting on fire; causing to burn with flame; exciting into action.

Kindly

KINDLY, adjective [See Kind, the noun.] Homogeneal; congenial; kindred; of the same nature. This Johnson supposes to be the original sense; but it is also used as a derivative of the adjective, in the sense of

2. Mild; bland; softening; as kindly showers.

Prior.

Kindly

KINDLY, adverb With good will; with a disposition to make others happy or to oblige; benevolently; favorably. Let the poor be treated kindly.

Be kindly affectioned one to another, with brotherly loveÃ‚-- Romans 12.

And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them. Gen. 1.

Kindness

KINDNESS, noun [from kind, the adjective.]

1. Good will; benevolence; that temper or disposition which delights in contributing to the happiness of others, which is exercised cheerfully in gratifying their wishes, supplying their wants or alleviating their distresses; benignity of nature. Kindness ever accompanies love.

There is no man whose kindness we may not sometime want, or by whose malice we may not sometime suffer.

Rambler.

2. Act of good will; beneficence; any act of benevolence which promotes the happiness or welfare of others. Charity, hospitality, attentions to the wants of others, &c., are deemed acts of kindness, or kindnesses. Acts 28.

Kindred

KIN'DRED, noun [from kin, kind; Saxon cynren; Welsh cenal, cenedyl.]

1. Relation by birth; consanguinity.

Like her, of equal kindred to the throne.

Dryden.

2. Relation by marriage; affinity.

3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the former.

Thou shalt go unto my country and to my kindred. Genesis 24.

4. Relation; suit; connection in kind.

Shak.

Kindred

KIN'DRED, adjective Related; congenial; of the like nature or properties; as kindred souls; kindred skies.

Dryden.

Kine

KINE, plu. of cow; Dutch koeyen. But cows, the regular plural, is now in general use.

King

KING, noun [Saxon cyng, cynig, or cyning; German kÃƒ-¶nig; Dutch koning; Swedish konung, kung; Danish konge; Welsh cÃƒ-»n, a chief, a leader, one that attracts or draws. If the Welsh word is the same or of the same family, it proves that the primary sense is a leader, a guide, or one who goes before, for the radical sense of the verb must be to draw. It coincides in elements with the Irish cean, head, and with the oriental khan, or kaun. The primary sense is probably a head, a leader.]

1. The chief or sovereign of a nation; a man invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country; a monarch. Kings are absolute monarchs, when they possess the powers of government without control, or the entire sovereignty over a nation; they are limited monarchs, when their power is restrained by fixed laws; and they are absolute, when they possess the whole legislative, judicial, and executive power, or when the legislative or judicial powers, or both, are vested in other bodies of men. Kings are hereditary sovereigns, when they hold the powers of gov

ernment by right of birth or inheritance, and elective, when raised to the throne by choice.

Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle.

Burke.

2. A sovereign; a prince; a ruler. Christ is called the king of his church. Psalm 2.

3. A card having the picture of a king; as the king of diamonds.

4. The chief piece in the game of chess.

King at arms, an officer in England of great antiquity, and formerly of great authority, whose business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three kings at arms, viz. garter, clarencieux, and norroy. The latter [northroy] officiates north of the Trent.

Encyc.

King

KING, verb transitive In ludicrous language, to supply with a king, or to make royal; to raise to royalty.

Shak.

Kingapple

KING'APPLE, noun A king of apple, so called.

Kings Bench

KING'S BENCH, noun A high court or tribunal in England; so called because the king used to sit there in person. It is the supreme court of common law, consisting of a chief justice and three other justices.

Blackstone.

Kingbird

KING'BIRD, noun A fowl of the genus Paradisea; also, a species of the genus Muscicapa, so called from its courage in attacking larger fowls.

Kingcraft

KING'CR`AFT, noun The craft of kings; the act of governing; usually in a bad sense.

Kingcup

KING'CUP, noun A flower, crowfoot.

Gay.

Kings-Evil

KING'S-EVIL, noun A disease of the scrofulous kind.

Kingfisher

KING'FISHER, noun A fowl of the genus Alcedo.

Kings-Spear

KING'S-SPEAR, noun A plant of the genus Asphodelus.

Kingstone

KING'STONE, noun A fish.

Ainsworth.

Kingdom

KING'DOM, noun [king and dom, jurisdiction.]

1. The territory or country subject to a king; an undivided territory under the dominion of a king or monarch. The foreign possessions of a king are not usually included in the term kingdom. Thus we speak of the kingdom of England, of France or of Spain, without including the East or West Indies.

2. The inhabitants or population subject to a king. The whole kingdom was alarmed.

3. In natural history, a division; as the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms.

4. A region; a tract; the place where any thing prevails and holds sway; as the watery kingdom.

Shak.

5. In Scripture, the government or universal dominion of God. 1 Chronicles 29. Psalm 145.

6. The power of supreme administration. 1 Samuel 18.

7. A princely nation or state.

Ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests. Exodus 19.

8. Heaven. Matthew 26.

9. State of glory in heaven. Matthew 5.

10. The reign of the Messiah. Matthew 3.

11. Government; rule; supreme administration.

Kingdomed

KING'DOMED, adjective Proud of royalty.

Shak.

Kinghood

KING'HOOD, noun State of being a king. Obs.

Gower.

Kingless

KING'LESS, adjective Having no king.

Byron.

Kinglike

KING'LIKE, adjective Like a king.

Kingling

KING'LING, noun A little king.

Kingly

KING'LY, adjective Belonging to a king; suitable to a king; as a kingly couch.

Shak.

2. Royal; sovereign; monarchical; as a kingly government.

3. Noble; august; splendid; becoming a king; as kingly magnificence.

Kingly

KING'LY, adverb With an air of royalty; with a superior dignity.

Low bow'd the rest; he, kingly, did but nod.

Pope.

Kingship

KING'SHIP, noun Royalty; the state, office or dignity of a king.

King Charles.

Kinic

KIN'IC, adjective Pertaining to cinchona; as the kinic acid.

Ure.

Kink

KINK, noun [Swedish kink, Dutch kink, a bend or turn. Qu. Latin cingo.]

The twist of a rope or thread, occasioned by a spontaneous winding of the rope or thread when doubled, that is, by an effort of hard twisted ropes or threads to untwist, they wind about each other.

Kink

KINK, verb intransitive To wind into a kink; to twist spontaneously.

Kinkhaust

KINK'HAUST, noun The chincough. [Not used.]

Kino

KI'NO, noun An astringent resin obtained from an African tree.

Hooper.

Kino consists of tannin and extractive.

Ure.

Kingfolk

KING'FOLK, noun [kin and folk.] Relations; kindred; persons of the same family. Obs.

Kinsman

KINS'MAN, noun [kin and man.] A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.

Dryden.

Kinswoman

KINS'WOMAN, noun A female relation.

Dennis.

Kipper

KIP'PER, noun A term applied to a salmon, when unfit to be taken, and to the time when they are so considered.

Eng.

Kirk

KIRK, n. kurk. [Saxon cyrc or ciric; Greek, from, lord.]

In Scotland, a church. This is the same word as church, differently written and pronounced. [See Church.]

Kirkman

KIRK'MAN, noun One of the church of Scotland.

Kirtle

KIR'TLE, n. ker'tl. [Saxon cyrtel; Swedish kiortel.]

1. An upper garment; a gown; a petticoat; a short jacket; a mantle.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. A quantity of flax, about a hundred pounds.

Encyc.

[I know not that this word is used in America.]

Kirtled

KIR'TLED, adjective Wearing a kirtle.

Kiss

KISS, verb transitive [Saxon cyssan; German kÃƒ-¼ssen; Dutch kuschen; Swedish kyssa; Danish kysser.]

1. To salute with the lips.

2. To treat with fondness; to caress.

The hearts of princes kiss obedience.

Shak.

3. To touch gently.

When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees.

Shak.

Kiss

KISS, noun A salute given with the lips; a common token of affection.

Kissed

KISS'ED, participle passive Saluted with a kiss.

Kisser

KISS'ER, noun One that kisses.

Kissing

KISS'ING, participle of the present tense Saluting with the lips.

Kissing-Comfit

KISS'ING-COMFIT, noun Perfumed sugar plums to sweeten the breath.

Shak.

Kissing-Crust

KISS'ING-CRUST, noun In cookery, the crust of a loaf that touches another.

Kist

KIST, noun A chest. [Not used.]

Kit

KIT, noun [Dutch kit.] A large bottle.

Skinner.

2. A small fiddle.

Grew.

3. A kind of fish-tub, and a milk-pail.

Entick.

[I know not that this word is used in America.]

Kit-Cat

KIT'-CAT, noun A term applied to a club in London, to which Addison and Steele belonged; so called from Christopher Cat, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies; applied also to a portrait three fourths less than a half length, placed in the club-room.

Todd.

Kitchen

KITCH'EN, noun [Saxon cycene; German kÃƒ-¼che; Dutch keuken; Swedish kok; Danish kokke; Welsh cegin; Italian cucina; Latin coquina; Spanish cocina; from the root of Latin coquo, to cook.]

1. A cook-room; the room of a house appropriated to cookery.

A fat kitchen makes a lean will.

Franklin.

2. In ships, the galley or caboose.

3. A utensil for roasting meat; as a tin kitchen.

Kitchen-Garden

KITCH'EN-G`ARDEN, noun [A garden or piece of ground appropriated to the raising of vegetables for the table.

Kitchen-Maid

KITCH'EN-MAID, noun A female servant whose business is to clean the kitchen and utensils of cookery, or in general, to do the work of a kitchen.

Kitchen-Stuff

KITCH'EN-STUFF, noun Fat collected from pots and dripping pans.

Donne.

Kitchen-Wench

KITCH'EN-WENCH, noun The woman who cleans the kitchen and utensils of cookery.

Kitchen-Work

KITCH'EN-WORK, noun Work done in the kitchen; as cookery, washing, &c.

Kite

KITE, noun [Saxon cyta.] A rapacious fowl of the genus Falco or hawk, remarkable for gliding through the air without frequently moving its wings; hence called glide.

2. A name of reproach, denoting rapacity.

Shak.

3. A light frame of wood and paper constructed for flying in the air for the amusement of boys.

Kite

KITE, noun In the north of England, the belly.

Kitefoot

KI'TEFOOT, noun A sort of tobacco, so called.

Kitesfoot

KI'TESFOOT, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Kith

KITH, noun [Saxon cyththe.] Acquaintance. Obs.

Gower.

Kitling

KIT'LING, noun [Latin catulus.] A whelp; the young of a beast.

B. Jonson.

Kitten

KIT'TEN, n. kit'n. [Dutch katje.] A young cat, or the young of the cat.

Kitten

KIT'TEN, v. i. kit'n. To bring forth young, as a cat.

Kittiwake

KIT'TIWAKE, noun A fowl of the genus Larus, or gull kind.

Kittle

KIT'TLE, verb transitive [Saxon citelan.] To tickle. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Klick

KLICK, verb intransitive [a different orthography or diminutive of clack.]

1. To make a small, sharp sound by striking two things together.

2. In Scotland, to pilfer, by taking with a snatch.

Klick

KLICK, noun A stroke or blow. [A word in vulgar use.]

Knab

KNAB, v. t. nab. [Dutch knappen; German id.] To bite; to gnaw; to nibble. [This word

may belong to the root of nibble, and it properly signifies to catch or seize suddenly with the teeth.]

L'Estrange.

Knabble

KNAB'BLE, verb intransitive To bite or nibble. [Not used.]

Brown.

Knack

KNACK, n. nak. A little machine; a petty contrivance; a toy.

A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap.

Shak.

2. A readiness; habitual facility of performance; dexterity; adroitness.

My author has a great knack at remarks.

Atterbury.

The Dean was famous in his time,

And had a kind of knack at rhyme.

Swift.

3. A nice trick.

For how should equal colors do the knack?

Cameleons who can paint in white and black?

Pope.

Knack

KNACK, v. i. nak. [German knacken; Danish knager.]

To crack; to make a sharp abrupt noise. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Knacker

KNACK'ER, n. nak'er. A maker of knacks, toys or small work.

Mortimer.

2. A rope-maker, or collar-maker. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth. Entick.

Knag

KNAG, n. nag. [Danish knag, Swedish knagg, a knot in wood, Irish cnag, Welsh cnwc.]

1. A knot in wood, or a protuberant knot; a wart.

2. A peg for hanging things on.

3. The shoot of a deer's horns.

Knaggy

KNAG'GY, n. nag'gy. Knotty; full of knots; rough with knots; hence, rough in temper.

Knap

KNAP, n. nap. [Saxon cnoep, Welsh cnap, a button, a knob, Dutch knop.]

A protuberance; a swelling. [Little used. See knob.]

Bacon.

Knap

KNAP, v. t. nap. [Dutch knappen. See knab.]

1. To bite; to bite off; to break short. [Little used.]

More.

2. To strike with a sharp noise. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Knap

KNAP, v. i. nap. To make a short, sharp sound.

Wiseman.

Knapbottle

KNAP'BOTTLE, n. nap'bottle. A plant.

Knappish

KNAP'PISH, a. nap'pish. Snappish. [See Snap.]

Knapple

KNAP'PLE, v. i. nap'ple. To break off with an abrupt sharp noise.

Knapsack

KNAP'SACK, n. nap'sack. [German knappsack; Dutch knapzak, from knappen, to eat.]

A solider's bag, carried on his back, and containing necessaries of food and clothing. It may be of lether or coarse cloth.

Knapweed

KNAP'WEED, n. nap'weed. A plant of the genus Centaurea, so called probably from knap, a button.

Fam. of Plants.

Knar

KN`AR, n. n`ar. [German knor or knorren; Dutch knor.] A knot in wood.

Dryden.

Knarled

KN`ARLED, adjective Knotted. [See Gnarled.]

Knarry

KN`ARRY, adjective Knotty.

Chaucer.

Knave

KNAVE, n. nave. [Saxon cnapa or cnafa, a boy; German knabe; Dutch knaap; Danish knab; originally, a boy or young man, then a servant, and lastly a rogue.]

1. A boy; a man-child. Obs.

2. A servant. Obs.

Dryden.

3. A false deceitful fellow; a dishonest man or boy.

In defiance of demonstration, knaves will continue to proselyte fools.

Ames.

4. A card with a soldier painted on it.

Hudibras.

Knavery

KNA'VERY, n. na'very. Dishonesty; deception in traffick; trick; petty villainy; fraud.

Shak. Dryden.

2. Mischievous tricks or practices.

Knavish

KNA'VISH, a. na'vish. Dishonest; fraudulent; as a knavish fellow, or a knavish trick or transaction.

2. Waggish; mischievous.

Cupid is a knavish lad,

Thus to make poor females mad.

Shak.

Knavishly

KNA'VISHLY, na'vishly. Dishonestly; fraudulently.

2. Waggishly; mischievously.

Knavishness

KNA'VISHNESS, n. na'vishness. The quality or habit of knavery; dishonesty.

Knawel

KNAW'EL, n. naw'el. A species of plant.

Knead

KNEAD, v. t. nead. [Saxon cnoedan; German kneten; Dutch kneeden; Danish kneder; Swedish knÃƒ-¥da.]

To work and press ingredients into a mass, usually with the hands; particularly, to work into a well mixed mass the materials of bread, cake or paste; as, to knead dough.

The cake she kneaded was the savory meat.

Prior.

Kneaded

KNE'ADED, pp. ne'aded. Worked and pressed together.

Kneading

KNE'ADING, ppr. ne'ading. Working and mixing into a well mixed mass.

Kneading-Trough

KNE'ADING-TROUGH, n. ne'ading-trauf.

A trough or tray in which dough is worked and mixed.

Knebelite

KNEB'ELITE, n. neb'elite. [from Von Knebel.]

A mineral of a gray color, spotted with dirty white, brownish green, or green.

Phillips.

Knee

KNEE, n. nee. [Saxon cneow; German knie; Dutch knie; Swedish kn?; Danish knoe; French genou; Italian ginocchio; Latin genu; Greek; Sanscrit janu. As the same word in Saxon signifies generation, it appears to belong to the family of, geno, and to signify a shoot or protuberance.]

1. In anatomy, the articulation of the thigh and leg bones.

2. In ship-building, a piece of timber somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent, having two branches or arms, and used to connect the beams of a ship with her sides or timbers.

Mar. Dict.

Knee

KNEE, v. t. nee. To supplicate by kneeling. [Not used.]

Shak.

Knee-Crooking

KNEE-CROOKING, a. nee'crooking. Obsequious.

Shak.

Kneed

KNEED, a. need. Having knees; as inkneed, out-kneed.

2. In botany, geniculated; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee when a little bent; as kneed-grass.

Martyn.

Knee-Deep

KNEE-DEEP, a. nee'-deep. Rising to the knees; as water or snow knee-deep.

2. Sunk to the knees; as wading in water or mire knee-deep.

Knee-High

KNEE-HIGH, a. nee-hi. Rising to the knees; as water knee-high.

Kneeholly

KNEE'HOLLY, n. nee'holly. A plant of the genus Ruscus.

Kneeholm

KNEE'HOLM, n. nee'home. Kneeholly.

Kneepan

KNEE'PAN, n. nee'pan. The round bone on the fore part of the knee.

Kneel

KNEEL, v. i. neel. [Dutch knielen; Danish knoeler; French agenouiller, from genouil, the knee.]

To bend the knee; to fall on the knees; sometimes with down.

As soon as you are dressed, kneel down and say the Lord's prayer.

Taylor.

Kneeler

KNEE'LER, n. nee'ler. One who kneels or worships by kneeling.

Kneeling

KNEE'LING, ppr. nee'ling. Falling on the knees.

Kneetribute

KNEE'TRIBUTE, n. nee'tribute. Tribute paid by kneeling; worship or obeisance by genuflection.

Milton.

Knell

KNELL, n. nell. [Saxon cnyll; cnyllan, to beat or knock; Welsh cnul, a passing bell; German knallen, to clap or crack; Swedish knalla; Danish gneller, to bawl.]

Properly, the stroke of a bell; hence, the sound caused by striking a bell; appropriately and perhaps exclusively, the sound of a bell at a funeral; a tolling.

Knew

KNEW, preterit tense of know.

Knife

KNIFE, n. nife; plu. knives; nives. [Saxon cnif; Danish kniv; Swedish knif; French ganif or canif. This word seems to have a connection with the Dutch knippen, Swedish knipa, to clip or pinch, to nip; Danish kniber, German kneifen, Welsh cneiviaw, to clip, to shear. Its primary sense then is an instrument that nips off, or cuts off with a stroke.]

1. A cutting instrument with a sharp edge. Knives are of various shapes and sizes, adapted to their respective uses; as table knives; carving knives or carvers; pen-knives, &c.

2. A sword or dagger.

Spenser.

Knight

KNIGHT, n. nite. [Saxon cniht, cneoht, a boy, a servant, Irish cniocht, German knecht, Dutch knegt, Swedish knecht, Danish knegt.]

1. Originally, a knight was a youth, and young men being employed as servants, hence it came to signify a servant. But among our warlike ancestors, the word was particularly applied to a young man after he was admitted to the privilege of bearing arms. The admission to this privilege was a ceremony of great importance, and was the origin of the institution of knighthood. Hence, in feudal times, a knight was a man admitted to military rank by a certain ceremony. This privilege was conferred on youths of family and fortune, and hence sprung the honorable title of knight, in modern usage. A knight has the title of Sir.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. A pupil or follower.

Shak.

3. A champion.

Drayton.

Knight of the post, a knight dubbed at the whipping post or pillory; a hireling witness.

Johnson.

Knight of the shire, in England, one of the representatives of a county in parliament, originally a knight, but now any gentleman having an estate in land of six hundred pounds a year is qualified.

Johnson.

Knight

KNIGHT, v. t. nite. To dub or create a knight, which is done by the king who gives the person kneeling a blow with a sword, and says, rise, Sir.

Johnson.

Knight-Errant

KNIGHT-ER'RANT, noun [knight and Latin errans, erro, to wander.]

A wandering knight; a knight who traveled in search of adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting military skill, prowess and generosity.

Knight-Errantry

KNIGHT-ER'RANTRY, noun The practice of wandering in quest of adventures; the manners of wandering knights.

Knight-Heads

KNIGHT-HEADS, noun In ships, bollard timbers, two pieces of timber rising just within the stem, one on each side of the bowsprit to secure its inner end; also, two strong frames of timber which inclose and support the ends of the windlass.

Mar. Dict.

Knightood

KNIGHTOOD, noun The character or dignity of a knight.

2. A military order, honor, or degree of ancient nobility, conferred as a reward of valor or merit. It is of four kinds, military, regular, honorary, and social.

Encyc.

Knightliness

KNIGHTLINESS, noun Duties of a knight.

Spenser.

Knightly

KNIGHTLY, adjective Pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; as a knightly combat.

Sidney.

Knight-Marshal

KNIGHT-M`ARSHAL, noun An officer in the household of the British king, who has cognizance of transgressions within the king's household and verge, and of contracts made there.

Encyc.

Knight-Service

KNIGHT-SERVICE, noun In English feudal law, a tenure of lands held by knights on condition of performing military service, every possessor of a knight's fee, or estate originally of twenty pounds annual value, being obliged to attend the king in his wars.

Knit

KNIT, v. t. nit. pret. and pp. knit or knitted. [Saxon cnyttan; Swedish knyta; Danish knytter; probably Latin nodo, whence nodus, knot.]

1. To unite, as threads by needles; to connect in a kind of net-work; as, to knit a stocking.

2. To unite closely; as, let our hearts be knit together in love.

3. To join or cause to grow together.

Nature cannot knit the bones, while the parts are under a discharge.

Wiseman.

4. To tie; to fasten.

And he saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending to him, as it were a great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts 10.

5. To draw together; to contract; as, to knit the brows.

Knit

KNIT, v. i. nit. To unite or interweave by needles.

2. To unite closely; to grow together. Broken bones will in time knit and become sound.

Knit

KNIT, n. nit. Union by knitting; texture. [Little used.]

Knittable

KNIT'TABLE, a. nit'table. That may be knit.

Knitter

KNIT'TER, n. nit'ter. One that knits.

Knitting

KNIT'TING, ppr. nit'ting. Uniting by needles; forming texture; uniting in growth.

Knitting

KNIT'TING, noun Junction.

Wotton.

Knitting-Needle

KNIT'TING-NEEDLE, n. nit'ting-needle. A long needle usually made of wire, used for knitting threads into stockings, garters, &c.

Knittle

KNIT'TLE, n. nit'l. [from knit.] A string that gathers or draws together a purse.

2. A small line used in ships to sling hammocs.

Mar. Dict.

Knob

KNOB, n. nob. [Saxon cnoep; German knopf; Dutch knoop; Swedish knopp; Danish knop, knub, knap;

Welsh cnwb, cnwpa. The word signifies a button, a top, a bunch.]

A hard protuberance; a hard swelling or rising; a bunch; as a knob in the flesh or on a bone.

Ray.

Knobbed

KNOB'BED, a. nob'bed. Containing knobs; full of knobs.

Knobbiness

KNOB'BINESS, n. nob'biness. [from knobby.]

The quality of having knobs, or of being full of protuberances.

Knobby

KNOB'BY, a. nob'by. Full of knobs or hard protuberances; hard.

Knock

KNOCK, v. i. nok. [Saxon cnucian; Welsh cnociaw; Swedish knacka.]

1. To strike or beat with something thick or heavy; as, to knock with a club or with the fist; to knock at the door. We never use this word to express beating with a small stick or whip.

2. To drive or be driven against; to strike against; to clash; as when one heavy body knocks against another.

To knock under, to yield; to submit; to acknowledge to be conquered; an expression borrowed from the practice of knocking under the table, when conquered.

Johnson.

Knock

KNOCK, v. t. nok. To strike; to drive against; as, to knock the head against a post.

2. To strike a door for admittance; to rap.

To knock down, to strike down; to fell; to prostrate by a blow or by blows; as, to knock down an ox.

To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows; as, to knock out the brains.

To knock up, to arouse by knocking. In popular use, to beat out; to fatigue till unable to do more.

To knock off, to force off by beating. At auctions, to assign to a bidder by a blow on the counter.

To knock on the head, to kill by a blow or by blows.

Knock

KNOCK, n. nok. A blow; a stroke with something thick or heavy.

2. A stroke on a door, intended as a request for admittance; a rap.

Knocker

KNOCK'ER, n. nok'er. One that knocks.

2. An instrument or kind of hammer, fastened to a door to be used in seeking for admittance.

Knocking

KNOCK'ING, ppr. nok'ing. Beating; striking.

Knocking

KNOCK'ING, n. nok'ing. A beating; a rap.

Knoll

KNOLL, v. t. noll. [Saxon cnyllan, to beat or strike. See knell.]

To ring a bell, usuall for a funeral.

Shak.

Knoll

KNOLL, v. i. noll. To sound, as a bell.

Shak.

[This word, I believe, is not used in America.]

Knoll

KNOLL, n. noll. [Saxon cnoll; Swedish knyl, kn?l; Welsh cnol.]

The top or crown of a hill; but more generally, a little round hill or mount; a small elevation of earth.

Knop

KNOP, n. nop. [a different spelling of knap or nob.]

A knob; a tufted top; a bud; a bunch; a button.

Knopped

KNOP'PED, a. nop'ped. Having knops or knobs; fastened as with buttons.

Knot

KNOT, n. not. [Saxon cnotta; German knoten; Dutch knot; Swedish knota; Danish knude; Latin nodus; probably connected with knit, but perhaps from swelling or gathering.]

1. The complication of threads made by knitting; a tie; union of cords by interweaving; as a knot difficult to be untied.

2. Any figure, the lines of which frequently intersect each other; as a knot in gardening.

In beds and curious knots.

Milton.

3. A bond of association or union; as the nuptial knot.

4. The part of a tree where a branch shoots.

5. The protuberant joint of a plant.

Martyn.

6. A cluster; a collection; a group; as a knot of ladies; a knot of figures in painting.

7. Difficulty; intricacy; something not eassily solved.

South.

8. Any intrigue or difficult perplexity of affairs.

Dryden.

9. A bird of the genus Tringa.

10. An epaulet.

11. In seamen's language, a division of the logline, which answers to half a minute, as a mile does to an hour, or it is the hundred and twentieth part of a mile. Hence, when a ship goes eight miles an hour, she is said to go eight knots.

Mar. Dict.

Knot

KNOT, v. t. not. To complicate or tie in a knot or knots; to form a knot.

2. To entangle; to perplex.

3. To unite closely.

Bacon.

Knot

KNOT, v. i. not. To form knots or joints, as in plants.

2. To knit knots for fringe.

Knotberry

KNOT'BERRY, n. not'berry. A plant of the genus Rubus.

Knotgrass

KNOT'GRASS, n. not'grass. The name of several species of plants, so denominated from the joints of the stem. The common knotgrass is the Polygonum aviculare.

Knotless

KNOT'LESS, a. not'less. Free from knots; without knots.

Martyn.

Knotted

KNOT'TED, a. not'ted. Full of knots; having knots; as the knotted oak.

Dryden.

2. Having intersecting figures.

Shak.

Knottiness

KNOT'TINESS, n. not'tiness. [from knotty.]

1. Fullness of knots; the quality of having many knots or swellings.

2. Difficulty of solution; intricacy.

Knotty

KNOT'TY, a. not'ty. Full of knots; having many knots; as knotty timber.

2. Hard; rugged; as a knotty head.

Rowe.

3. Difficult; intricate; perplexed; as a knotty question or point.

Knout

KNOUT, n. nout. A punishment in Russia, inflicted with a whip.

Know

KNOW, v. t. no. pret. knew; pp. known. [Saxon cnawan; Russian znayu, with a prefix. This is probably from the same original as the Latin nosco, cognosco, Greek, although much varied in orthography. Nosco makes novi, which, with g or c prefixed, gnovi or cnovi, would coincide with know, knew. So Latin cresco, crevi, coincides with grow, grew. The radical sense of knowing is generally to take, receive, or hold.]

1. To perceive with certainty; to understand clearly; to have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any thing that actually exists. To know a thing precludes

all doubt or uncertainty of its existence. We know what we see with our eyes, or perceive by other senses. We know that fire and water are different substances. We know that and falsehood express ideas incomptaible with each other. We know that a circle is not a square. We do not know the truth of reports, nor can we always know what to believe.

2. To be informed of; to be taught. It is not unusual for us to say we know things from information, when we rely on the veracity of the informer.

3. To distinguish; as, to know one man from another. We know a fixed star from a planet by its twinkling.

4. To recognize by recollection, remembrance, representation or description. We do not always know a person after a long absence. We sometimes know a man by having seen his portrait, or having heard him described.

5. To be no stranger to; to be familiar. This man is well known. to us.

6. In Scripture, to have sexual commerce with. Genesis 4.

7. To approve.

The Lord knoweth the way of the righteous. Psalm 1.

8. To learn. Proverbs 1.

9. To acknowledge with due respect. 1. Thessalonians 5.

10. To choose; to favor or take an interest in. Amos 3.

11. To commit; to have.

He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor.

12. To have full assurance of; to have satisfactory evidence of any thing, though short of certainty.

Know

KNOW, v. i. no. To have clear and certain perception; not to be doubtful; sometimes with of.

If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. John 7.

2. To be informed.

Sir John must not know of it.

Shak.

3. To take cognizance of; to examine.

Know of yourÃ‚--examine well your blood.

Shak.

Knowable

KNOWABLE, a. no'able. That may be known; that may be discovered, understood or ascertained.

Locke. Bentley.

Knower

KNOWER, n. no'er. One who knows.

Knowing

KNOWING, ppr. no'ing. Having clear and certain perception of.

2. adjective Skillful; well informed; well instructed; as a knowing man.

The knowing and intelligent part of the world.

South.

3. Conscious; intelligent.

A knowing prudent cause.

Blackmore.

Knowing

KNOWING, n. no'ing. Knowledge.

Shak.

Knowingly

KNOWINGLY, adv. no'ingly. With knowledge. He would not knowingly offend.

Knowledge

KNOWL'EDGE, noun nol'lej. [Chaucer, knowleching, from knowleche, to acknowledge. Qu. the sense of lech.]

1. A clear and certain perception of that which exists, or of truth and fact; the perception of the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy of our ideas.

Encyc. Locke.

We can have no knowledge of that which does not exist. God has a perfect knowledge of his works. Human knowledge is very limited, and is mostly gained by observation and experience.

2. Learning; illumination of mind.

Ignorance is the curse of God,

Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.

Shak.

3. Skill; as a knowledge of seamanship.

4. Acquaintance with any fact or person. I have no knowledge of the man or thing.

5. Cognizance; notice. Ruth 2.

6. Information; power of knowing.

Sidney.

7. Sexual intercourse. But it is usual to prefix carnal; as carnal knowledge.

Knowledge

KNOWLEDGE, for acknowledge or avow, is not used.

Bacon.

Knub

KNUB, or KNUB'BLE, v. t. nub, nub'ble. To beat; to strike with the knuckle. [Not used.]

Knuckle

KNUCK'LE, n. nuk'l. [Saxon cnucl; German knÃƒ-¶chel; Dutch kneukel; Welsh cnue, a joint or junction; cnuciaw, to join, to couple.]

1. The joint of a finger, particularly when protuberant by the closing of the fingers.

2. The knee joint of a calf; as a knuckle of veal.

3. The joint of a plant. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Knuckle

KNUCK'LE, v. i. nuk'l. To yield; to submit in contest to an antagonist.

Knuckled

KNUCK'LED, adjective Jointed.

Bacon.

Knuff

KNUFF, n. nuff. A lout; a clown. [Not used.]

Knur

KNUR, or KNURLE, n. nur, nurle. [German knorren, a knot, a knag, a gnar.]

A knot; a hard substance.

Woodward.

Knurled

KNURL'ED, a. nurl'ed. Full of knots.

Knurly

KNUR'LY, a. nur'ly. [from knur.] Full of knots; hard. This seems to be the same as gnarly.

Knurry

KNUR'RY, a. nur'ry. Full of knots.

Koba

KOBA, noun An antelope, with horns close at the base.

Kokob

KO'KOB, noun A venomous serpent of America.

Kollyrite

KOL'LYRITE, noun [Greek.] A variety of clay whose color is pure white, or with a shade of gray, red or yellow.

Cleaveland.

Kommanic

KOM'MANIC, noun The crested lark of Germany.

Konilite

KON'ILITE, noun [Greek, dust, and, a stone.]

A mineral in the form of a loose powder, consisting chiefly of silex, and remarkably fusible.

Phillips.

Konite

KONITE. [See Conite.]

Kopeck

KO'PECK, noun A Russian coin, about the value of a cent.

Koran

KO'RAN, noun pronounced by oriental scholars korawn. [Arabic from to read, to call, to teach.]

The Mohammedan book of faith; the alkoran.

Koret

KO'RET, noun A delicious fish of the East Indies.

Korin

KO'RIN, noun An antelope with slender smooth horns.

Koupholite

KOUPH'OLITE, noun [Greek, light, and, stone.]

A mineral, regarded as a variety of prehnite. It occurs in minute rhomboidal plates, of a greenish or yellowish white, translucid, glistening and pearly. It is found in the Pyrenees.

Cleaveland.

Kraal

KRAAL, noun In the southern part of Africa, among the Hottentots, a village; a collection of huts.

Krag

KRAG, noun A species of argillaceous earth.

Kraken

KRA'KEN, noun A supposed enormous sea animal.

Guthrie.

Kruka

KRU'KA, noun A bird of Russia and Sweden, resembling a hedge sparrow.

Pennant.

Kufic

KU'FIC, adjective The Kufic letters were the ancient letters of the Arabic, so called from Kufa, on the Euphrates.

Kumiss

KU'MISS, noun A liquor or drink made from mare's milk fermented and distilled; milkspirit, used by the Tartars.

Tooke.

Kuril

KU'RIL, noun A bird, the black petrel.

Pennant.

Kurilian

KURIL'IAN, adjective The Kurilian isles are a chain in the Pacific, extending from the southern extremity of Kamschatka to Jesso.

Ky

KY, noun Kine. [Not in use.]

Kyanite

KY'ANITE, noun [German kyanit, Werner; from the Greek, sky-colored. It is written also cyanite, but most improperly, if pronounced kyanite. Kyanite is doubtless the preferable orthography.]

A mineral found both massive and in regular crystals. It is frequently in broad or compressed six-sided prisms, with bases a little inclined; or this crystal may be viewed as a four-sided prism, truncated on two of its lateral edges, diagonally opposite. Its prevailing color is blue, whence its name, but varying from a fine Prussian blue to sky-blue, or bluish white. It occurs also of various shades of green, and even gray, or white and reddish. It is infusible by the common blowpipe. This mineral is called by HaÃƒ-¼y and Brongniart, disthene, and by Saussure, sappare.

Cleaveland.

Kyanogen

KYAN'OGEN, noun [Greek, blue, and, to beget.]

Carbureted azote; the compound base of prussic acid, called also prussine.

L

L

L, the twelfth letter of the English Alphabet, is usually denominated a semi-vowel, or a liquid. It represents an imperfect articulation, formed by placing the tip of the tongue against the gum that incloses the roots of the upper teeth; but the sides of the tongue not being in close contact with the roof of the mouth, the breath of course not being entirely intercepted, this articulation is attended with an imperfect sound. The shape of the letter is evidently borrowed from that of the oriental lamed, or lomad, nearly coinciding with the Samaritan 2.

L

L has only one sound in English, as in like, canal. At the end of monosyllables, it is often doubled, as in fall, full, tell, bell; but not after diphthongs and digraphs; foul, fool, prowl, foal, &c. being written with a single l.

With some nations, l and r are commutable; as in Greek, Latin lilium; Italian scorta, an escort, Spanish Portugese escolta. Indeed, l and r are letters of the same organ.

By some nations of Celtic origin, l, at the beginning of words, is aspirated and doubled in writing, as in the Welsh lled, Latin latus; llan, a lawn; llawr, a floor; Spanish llamar, Latin clamo.

In some words, l is mute, as in half, calf, walk, talk, chalk.

In our mother tongue, the Anglo-Saxon, l is sometimes preceded by h, and aspirated, as in hlaf, loaf; hladan, to lade or load; hlot, lot; hlinian, hleonian, to lean, Greek, Latin clino. In the latter word, the Saxon h represents the Greek x and Latin c, as it does in many other words.

In English words, the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, and l has a feeble sound; as in able, eagle, pronounced abl, eagl.

As a numeral, L denotes 50, and with a dash, L, 50,000. As an abbreviation, in Latin, it stands for Lucius; and L.L.S. for a sesterce, or two libroe and a half.

Encyc.

La

LA, exclam. [perhaps corrupted from look, but this is doubtful.]

Look; see; behold.

Shak.

La

LA, in music, the syllable by which Guido denotes the last sound of each hexachord.

Encyc.

Lab

LAB, noun A great talker; a blabber. Obs.

Chaucer.

Labadist

LAB'ADIST, noun The Labadists were followers of Jean de Labadie, who lived in the 17th century. They held that God can and does deceive men, that the observance of the sabbath is a matter of indifference, and other peculiar or heretical opinions.

Encyc.

Labdanum

LABDANUM, [See Ladanum.]

Labefaction

LABEFAC'TION, noun [Latin labefactio, from labefacio; labo, to totter, and facio, to make.]

A weakening or loosening; a failing; decay; downfall; ruin.

Labefy

LAB'EFY, verb transitive To weaken or impair. [Not used.]

Dict.

Label

LA'BEL, noun [Welsh llab, a strip; labed, a label.]

1. A narrow slip of silk, paper or parchment, containing a name or title, and affixed to any thing, denoting its contents. Such are the labels affixed to the vessels of an apothecary. Labels also are affixed to deeds or writings to hold the appended seal.

Harris.

2. Any paper annexed to a will by way of addition; as a codicil.

Encyc.

3. In heraldry, a fillet usually placed in the middle, along the chief of the coat, without touching its extremities. It is adorned with pendants, and used on the arms of the eldest son, to distinguish him from the younger sons, while the father is living.

Encyc.

4. A long thin brass rule, with a small sight at one end, and a center-hole at the other, commonly used with a tangent line on the edge of a circumferentor, to take altitudes, &c.

Encyc.

Label

LA'BEL, verb transitive To affix a label to.

Labeled

LA'BELED, participle passive Furnished with a label.

Labeling

LA'BELING, participle of the present tense Distinguishing by a label.

Labent

LA'BENT, adjective [Latin labens.] Sliding; gliding.

Dict.

Labial

LA'BIAL, adjective [French from Latin labium, a lip. See Lip.]

Pertaining to the lips; formed by the lips; as a labial articulation. Thus b, p, and m are labial articulations, and oo, French ou, Italian u, is a labial vowel.

Labial

LA'BIAL, noun A letter or character representing an articulation of the lips; as b, f, m, p, v.

Labiate

LA'BIATE, or LA'BIATED, adjective [from Latin labium, lip.] In botany, a labiate corol is irregular, monopetalous, with two lips, or monopetalous, consisting of a narrow tube with a wide mouth, divided into two or more segments arranged in two opposite divisions or lips. A labiate flower has a labiate corol.

Martyn. Encyc.

Labile

LA'BILE, adjective [Low Latin labilis.] Liable to err, fall or apostatize. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Labiodental

LABIODENT'AL, adjective [labium, a lip, and dens, a tooth.]

Formed or pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth; as f and v.

Holder.

Labor

LA'BOR, noun [Latin labor, from labo, to fail.] Exertion of muscular strength, or bodily exertion which occasions weariness; particularly, the exertion of the limbs in occupations by which subsistence is obtained, as in agriculture and manufactures, in distinction from exertions of strength in play or amusements, which are denominated exercise, rather than labor. Toilsome work; pains; travail; any bodily exertion which is attended with fatigue. After the labors of the day, the farmer retires, and rest is sweet. Moderate labor contributes to health.

What is obtained by labor, will of right be the property of him by whose labor it is gained.

Rambler.

2. Intellectual exertion; application of the mind which occasions weariness; as the labor of compiling and writing a history.

3. Exertion of mental powers, united with bodily employment; as the labors of the apostles in propagating christianity.

4. Work done, or to be done; that which requires wearisome exertion.

Being a labor of so great difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for.

Hooker.

5. Heroic achievement; as the labors of Hercules.

6. Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth.

7. The evils of life; trials; persecution, &c.

They rest from their laborsÃ‚-- Revelation 14.

Labor

LA'BOR, verb intransitive [Latin laboro.] To exert muscular strength; to act or move with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil.

Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy workÃ‚-- Exodus 20.

2. To exert one's powers of body or mind, or both, in the prosecution of any design; to strive; to take pains.

Labor not for the meat which perisheth. John 6.

3. To toil; to be burdened.

Come unto me all ye that labor, and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11.

4. To move with difficulty.

The stone that labors up the hill.

Glanville.

5. To move irregularly with little progress; to pitch and roll heavily; as a ship in a turbulent sea.

Mar. Dict.

6. To be in distress; to be pressed.

Ã‚--As sounding cymbals aid the laboring moon.

Dryden.

7. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth.

8. To journey or march.

Make not all the people to labor thither. Joshua 7.

9. To perform the duties of the pastoral office. 1 Timothy 5.

10. To perform christian offices.

To labor under, to be afflicted with; to be burdened or distressed with; as, to labor under a disease or an affliction.

Labor

LA'BOR, verb transitive To work at; to till; to cultivate.

The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or only labored by children.

Tooke.

2. To prosecute with effort; to urge; as, to labor a point or argument.

3. To form or fabricate with exertion; as, to labor arms for Troy.

Dryden.

4. To beat; to belabor. [The latter word is generally used.]

Dryden.

5. To form with toil and care; as a labored composition.

Laborant

LA'BORANT, noun A chimist. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Laboratory

LAB'ORATORY, noun [French laboratoire, from labor.]

1. A house or place where operations and experiments in chimistry, pharmacy, pyrotechny, &c., are performed.

2. A place where arms are manufactured or repaired, or fire-works prepared; as the laboratory in Springfield, in Massachusetts.

3. A place where work is performed, or any thing is prepared for use. Hence the stomach is called the grand laboratory of the human body; the liver, the laboratory of the bile.

Labored

LA'BORED, participle passive Tilled; cultivated; formed with labor.

Laborer

LA'BORER, noun One who labors in a toilsome occupation; a man who does work that requires little skill, as distinguished from an artisan.

Laboring

LA'BORING, participle of the present tense Exerting muscular strength or intellectual power; toiling; moving with pain or with difficulty; cultivating.

2. A laboring man, or laborer, is often used for a man who performs work that requires no apprenticeship or professional skill, in distinction from an artisan; but this restricted sense is not always observed. A hard laboring man, is one accustomed to hard labor.

Laborious

LABO'RIOUS, adjective [Latin laboriosus; French laborieux.]

1. Using exertion; employing labor; diligent in work or service; assiduous; used of persons; as a laborious husbandman or mechanic; a laborious minister or pastor.

2. Requiring labor; toilsome; tiresome; not easy; as laborious duties or services.

3. Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance or sacrifices.

Dost thou love watchings, abstinence or toil,

Laborious virtues all? Learn these from Cato.

Addison.

Laboriously

LABO'RIOUSLY, adverb With labor, toil or difficulty.

Pope.

Laboriousness

LABO'RIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being laborious, or attended with toil; toilsomeness; difficulty.

2. Diligence; assiduity.

Laborless

LA'BORLESS, adjective Not laborious.

Brerewood.

Laborsome

LA'BORSOME, adjective Made with great labor and diligence. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Laburnum

LABURN'UM, noun A tree of the genus Cytisus.

Labyrinth

LAB'YRINTH, noun [Latin labyrinthus; Greek.]

1. Among the ancients, an edifice or place full of intricacies, or formed with winding passages, which rendered it difficult to find the way from the interior to the entrance. The most remarkable of these edifices mentioned, are the Egyptian and the Cretan labyrinths.

Encyc. Lempriere.

2. A maze; an inexplicable difficulty.

3. Formerly, an ornamental maze or wilderness in gardens.

Spenser.

4. A cavity in the ear.

Quincy.

Labyrinthian

LABYRINTH'IAN, adjective Winding; intricate; perplexed.

Bp. Hall.

Lac

LAC, noun [Spanish laca; German lack; Danish Dutch lak; said to be from the Arabic.]

Gum-lac, so called, but improperly, not being a gum, but a resin. It is deposited on different species of trees in the East Indies, by an insect called Chermes lacca. Stick lac is the substance in its natural state, encrusting small twigs. When broken off and boiled in water, it loses its red color, and is called seed lac. When melted and reduced to a thin crust, it is called shell lac. United with ivory black or vermilion, it forms black and red sealing wax. A solution with borax, colored by lampblack, constitutes Indian ink. Lac dissolved in alcohol or other menstrua, by different methods of preparation, constitutes various kinds of varnishes and lackers.

Thomson.

Laccic

LAC'CIC, adjective Pertaining to lac, or produced from it; as laccic acid.

Lace

LACE, noun [Spanish lazo, a tie or knot, French lacet, Italian laccio, Latin laqueus.]

1. A work composed of threads interwoven into a net, and worked on a pillow with spindles or pins. Fine laces are manufactured in France, Italy and England.

2. A string; a cord.

Spenser.

3. A snare; a gin.

Fairfax.

4. A plaited string with which females fasten their clothes.

Doll ne'er was called to cut her lace.

Swift.

Lace

LACE, verb transitive To fasten with a string through eyelet holes.

When Jenny's stays are newly lacedÃ‚--

Prior.

2. To adorn with lace; as cloth laced with silver.

Shak.

3. To embellish with variegations or stripes.

Look, love, what envious streaks

Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east.

Shak.

4. To beat; to lash; [probably to make stripes on.]

I'll lace your coat for ye.

L'Estrange.

Lace-Bark

LA'CE-BARK, noun A shrub in the Welsh Indies, the Daphne lagetto, so called from the texture of its inner bark.

Laced

LA'CED, participle passive Fastened with lace or a string; also, tricked off with lace.

Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it.

Addison.

Laceman

LA'CEMAN, noun A man who deals in lace.

Addison.

Lacewoman

LA'CEWOMAN, noun A woman who makes or sells lace.

Lacerable

LAC'ERABLE, adjective [See Lacerate.] That may be torn.

Harvey.

Lacerate

LAC'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin lacero, to tear.] To tear; to rend; to separate a substance by violence or tearing; as, to lacerate the flesh. It is applied chiefly to the flesh, or figuratively to the heart. But sometimes it is applied to the political or civil divisions in a state.

Lacerate

LAC'ERATE, or LAC'ERATED, participle passive or adjective Rent; torn.

2. In botany, having the edge variously cut into irregular segments; as a lacerated leaf.

Martyn.

Laceration

LACERA'TION, noun The act of tearing or rending; the breach made by rending.

Arbuthnot.

Lacerative

LAC'ERATIVE, adjective Tearing; having the power to tear; as lacerative humors.

Harvey.

Lacertine

LAC'ERTINE, adjective [Latin lacertus.] Like a lizard.

Journ. of Science.

Lacertus

LACER'TUS, noun The girroc, a fish of the gar-fish kind; also, the lizard-fish.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cyc.

Lache

LACHE, or LACH'ES, noun [Norm. French lachesse, from lache; Latin laxus, lax, slow.]

In law, neglect; negligence.

Lachrymable

LACH'RYMABLE, adjective Lamentable.

Morley.

Lachrymal

LACH'RYMAL, adjective [French from Latin lachryma, a tear.]

1. Generating or secreting tears; as the lachrymal gland.

2. Pertaining to tears; conveying tears.

Lachrymary

LACH'RYMARY, adjective Containing tears.

Addison.

Lachrymation

LACHRYMA'TION, noun The act of shedding tears.

Lachrymatory

LACH'RYMATORY, noun [French lachrymatoire.] A vessel found in sepulchers of the ancients, in which it has been supposed the tears of a deceased person's friends were collected and preserved with the ashes and urn. It was a small glass or bottle like a phial.

Encyc.

Lacing

LA'CING, participle of the present tense Fastening with a string; adorned or trimmed with lace.

Laciniate

LACIN'IATE, or LACIN'IATED, adjective [Latin lacinia, a hem.] Adorned with fringes.

2. In botany, jagged.

Martyn.

Lack

LACK, verb transitive [Dutch leeg, empty; leegen, to empty; Danish lak, a fault; lakker, to decline or wear away; Gothic ufligan, to lack or fail; Latin deliquium, which seems to be connected with linquo, to leave, to faint, and with liquo, to melt, liquid, &c.]

1. To want; to be destitute of; not to have or possess.

If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask it of GodÃ‚-- James 1.

2. To blame. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Lack

LACK, verb intransitive To be in want.

The young lions do lack and suffer hunger. Psalm 34.

2. To be wanting.

Perhaps there shall lack five of the fifty righteous. Genesis 18.

Lack

LACK, noun Want; destitution; need; failure.

He that gathered little, had no lack. Exodus 16.

Lack of rupees is one hundred thousand rupees, which at 55 cents each, amount to fifty five thousand dollars, or at 2s. 6d. sterling, to ?12,500.

Lack-a-Day

LACK-A-DAY, exclam, of sorrow or regret; alas.

Lackbrain

LACK'BRAIN, noun One that wants brains, or is deficient in understanding.

Shak.

Lacker

LACK'ER, or LAC'QUER, noun [French laque.] A kind of varnish. The basis of lackers is a solution of the substance called seed-lac or shell-lac, in spirit of wine or alcohol. Varnishes applied to metals improve their color and preserve them from tarnishing.

Encyc. Cyc.

Lackers consist of different resins in a state of solution, of which the most common are mastick, sandarach, lac, benzoin, copal, amber, and asphalt. The menstrua are either expressed or essential oils, or spirit of wine.

Nicholson.

Lacker

LACK'ER, verb transitive To varnish; to smear over with lacker, for the purpose of improving color or preserving from tarnishing and decay.

Lackered

LACK'ERED, participle passive Covered with lacker; varnished.

Lackey

LACK'EY, noun [French laquais; Spanish lacayo; Portugese lacaio; Italian lacchÃƒ-¨; Ethiopic lak, to send, whence lake, a servant; Latin lego, to send. From this root is the Shemitic, a messenger.]

An attending servant; a footboy or footman.

Addison.

Lackey

LACK'EY, verb transitive To attend servilely.

Milton.

Lackey

LACK'EY, verb intransitive To act as footboy; to pay servile attendance.

Oft have I servants seen on horses ride,

The free and noble lackey by their side.

Sandys.

Lacklinen

LACK'LINEN, adjective Wanting shirts. [Little used.]

Shak.

Lackluster

LACK'LUSTER, adjective Wanting luster or brightness.

Shak.

Laconic

LACON'IC, or LACON'ICAL, adjective [French laconique; Latin laconicus; from Laconia or Lacones, the Spartans.]

1. Short; brief; pithy; sententious; expressing much in few words, after the manner of the Spartans; as a laconic phrase.

Pope.

2. Pertaining to Sparta or Lacedemonia.

Trans. of Pausanias. D'Anville.

Laconically

LACON'ICALLY, adverb Briefly; concisely; as a sentiment laconically expressed.

Laconics

LACON'ICS, noun A book of Pausanias, which treats of Lacedemonia.

Laconism

LA'CONISM, or LACON'ICISM, noun [Latin laconismus.] A concise style.

2. A brief sententious phrase or expression.

Lactage

LAC'TAGE, noun The produce of animals yielding milk.

Shuckford.

Lactant

LAC'TANT, adjective [Latin lactans, from lacto, to give suck; lac, milk.] Suckling; giving suck. [Little used.]

Lactary

LAC'TARY, adjective [Latin lactarius, from lacto; lac, milk.]

Milky; full of white juice like milk. [Little used.]

Brown.

Lactary

LAC'TARY, noun [Latin lactarius.] A dairy-house.

Lactate

LAC'TATE, noun In chimistry, a salt formed by the lactic acid, or acid of milk, with a base.

Fourcroy.

Lactation

LACTA'TION, noun [Latin lacto, to give suck.]

The act of giving suck; or the time of suckling.

Johnson. Encyc.

Lacteal

LAC'TEAL, adjective Pertaining to milk.

2. Conveying chyle; as a lacteal vessel.

Lacteal

LAC'TEAL, noun A vessel or slender tube of animal bodies, for conveying chyle from the intestines to the common reservatory.

Encyc.

Lacteous

LAC'TEOUS, adjective [Latin lacteus, from lac, milk.]

1. Milky; resembling milk.

Brown.

2. Lacteal; conveying chyle; as a lacteous vessel.

Bentley.

Lactescence

LACTES'CENCE, noun [Latin lactescens, lactesco, from lacto; lac, milk.]

1. Tendency to milk; milkiness or milky color.

Boyle.

2. In botany, milkiness; the liquor which flows abundantly from a plant, when wounded; commonly white, but sometimes yellow or red.

Martyn.

Lactescent

LACTES'CENT, adjective Producing milk or white juice.

Arbuthnot.

2. Abounding with a thick colored juice.

Encyc.

Lactic

LAC'TIC, adjective Pertaining to milk, or procured from sour milk or whey; as the lactic acid.

Fourcroy.

Lactiferous

LACTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lac, milk, and fero, to bear.]

1. Bearing or conveying milk or white juice; as a lactiferous duct.

Boyle.

2. Producing a thick colored juice; as a plant.

Encyc.

Lacunar

LAC'UNAR, noun [Latin] An arched roof or ceiling.

Lacunous

LACU'NOUS, or LACUNO'SE, adjective [Latin lacunosus, from lacuna, a ditch or hollow.]

Furrowed or pitted. A lacunose leaf has the disk depressed between the veins.

Martyn.

Lad

LAD, noun [Welsh llawd, a lad; and Saxon leod, German leute, Russian lead, people, are probably from the same root; Irish lath, a youth, Dutch loot, a shoot; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan, to procreate or bear young; Ethiopic Arabic walada, id. Class Ld. No 29.] A young man or boy; a stripling.

Locke.

Ladanum

LAD'ANUM, noun [said to be Arabic.] The resinous juice which exsudes from the leaves of the Cistus ladanifera, a shrub which grows in Arabia, Candia, and other parts of the Archipelago. It is collected with a kind of rake, with lether thongs attached to it, with which the shrubs are brushed. The best sort is in dark-colored black masses, of the consistence of a soft plaster. The other sort is in long rolls coiled up, harder than the former, and of a paler color. It is chiefly used in external applications.

Encyc. Parr.

Ladder

LAD'DER, noun [Saxon hloedder; Dutch ladder or leder; German leiter, a ladder, a leader, a guide; leiten, to lead.]

1. A frame of wood, consisting of two sidepieces, connected by rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building, &c.

2. That by which a person ascends or rises; means of ascending; as a ladder made of cords.

Shak.

Lowliness is young ambition's ladder.

Shak.

3. Gradual rise; elevation.

Mounting fast towards the top of the ladder ecclesiastical.

Swift.

Lade

LADE, verb transitive pret. laded; pp. laded, laden. [Saxon ladan and hladan; German laden; Dutch laaden; Swedish ladda; Danish ladder; Russian klad, a load or cargo; kladu, to put, to lay, to make, build or found, to lay eggs, to give, to suppose, &c. Here we observe that to load or lade is to throw, that is, to put on or in, for to send, thrust, throw, is the sense of laying eggs. Now this is precisely the radical signification of the words loud, lad, Welsh llawd, clod, Latin plaudo, &c.]

1. To load; to put on or in, as a burden or freight. We lade a ship with cotton. We lade a horse or other beast with corn.

And they laded their assess with the corn and departed thence. Genesis 42.

2. To dip; to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle or dipper; as, to lade water out of a tub or into a cistern.

3. To draw water. [Not in use.]

Lade

LADE, noun The mouth of a river. Obs.

Gibson.

Laded

LA'DED, or LA'DEN, participle passive Loaded; charged with a burden or freight.

2. adjective Oppressed; burdened.

Lading

LA'DING, participle of the present tense Loading; charging with a burden or freight; throwing or dipping out.

Lading

LA'DING, noun That which constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden; as the lading of a ship. Acts 27.

Ladkin

LAD'KIN, noun A little lad; a youth. [Little used.]

Ladle

LA'DLE, noun [Saxon hloedle, from hladan, supra.]

1. An utensil somewhat like a dish, with a long handle, used for throwing or dipping out liquor from a vessel.

2. The receptacle of a mill wheel, which receives the water which moves it.

3. In gunnery, an instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon.

Mar. Dict.

Ladle-Ful

LA'DLE-FUL, noun The quantity contained in a ladle.

Swift.

Lady

LA'DY, noun [Saxon hlafdig, hloefdiga, hloefdia. The first syllable of this word occurs in hlaford, lord, and this is supposed to be hlaf, a loaf, and the words to signify breadgivers. But this is doubtful; the meaning of the last syllable not being ascertained in either word.]

1. A woman of distinction. Originally, the title of lady was given to the daughters of earls and others in high rank, but by custom, the title belongs to any woman of genteel education.

2. A word of complaisance; used of women.

Guardian.

3. Mistress; the female who presides or has authority over a manor or a family.

Lady-Bird

LA'DY-BIRD, or LA'DY-BUG, or LA'DY-COW, or LA'DY-FLY, noun A small red vaginopennous or sheath-winged insect.

Gay.

A coleopterous insect of the genus Coccinella.

Linne.

Ladys Bed-Straw

LADY'S BED-STRAW, noun A plant of the genus Galium.

Ladys Bower

LADY'S BOWER, noun A plant of the genus Clematis.

Ladys Comb

LADY'S COMB, noun A plant of the genus Scandix.

Ladys Cushion

LADY'S CUSHION, noun A plant of the genus Saxifraga.

Ladys Finger

LADY'S FINGER, noun A plant of the genus Anthyllis.

Ladys Mantle

LADY'S MANTLE, noun A plant of the genus Alchemilla.

Ladys Seal

LADY'S SEAL, noun A plant of the genus Tamus.

Ladys Slipper

LADY'S SLIPPER, noun A plant of the genus Cvpripedium.

Ladys Smock

LADY'S SMOCK, noun A plant of the genus Cardamine.

Ladys Traces

LADY'S TRACES, noun A plant of the genus Ophrys.

Lady-Day

LA'DY-DAY, noun The day of the annunciation of the holy virgin, March 25th.

Lady-Like

LA'DY-LIKE, adjective Like a lady in manners; genteel; well bred.

2. Soft; tender; delicate.

Dryden.

Ladyship

LA'DYSHIP, noun The title of a lady.

Shak. Dryden.

Lag

LAG, adjective [This word belongs to the root of slack, slow, sluggish, languish, long; Gothic laggs; Welsh llag, llac; Greek,. Class Lg. See the Verb.]

1. Coming after or behind; slow; sluggish; tardy.

Shak.

2. Last; long delayed; as the lag end.

Shak.

[This adjective is not now in use.]

Lag

LAG, noun The lowest class; the rump; the fag end.

2. He that comes behind. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Lag

LAG, verb intransitive [Welsh llag, llac, slack, loose; Gothic laggs, long; to flag, and flacceo, langueo, to languish, &c. The sense is to extend or draw out, or to become lax or loose. Class Lg.]

To walk or move slowly; to loiter; to stay behind.

I shall not lag behind.

Milton.

Laggard

LAG'GARD, noun Slow; sluggish; backward. [Not used.]

Collins.

Lagger

LAG'GER, adjective A loiterer; an idler; one who moves slowly and falls behind.

Lagging

LAG'GING, participle of the present tense Loitering; moving slowly and falling behind.

The nurse went lagging after with the child.

Dryden.

Lagoon

LAGOON', or LAGU'NE, noun [Italian Spanish laguna, from the root of lake.] A fen, moor, marsh, shallow pond or lake; as the lagunes of Venice.

Ray. Smollet.

Laic

LA'IC, or LA'ICAL, adjective [Italian laico, laicale, French laique, Spanish laycal, Dutch leek, Latin laicus, from Greek, from, people. The Greek is probably a contracted word.]

Belonging to the laity or people, in distinction from the clergy.

Laic

LA'IC, noun A layman.

Bp. Morton.

Laid

LAID, preterit tense and participle passive of lay; so written for layed.

Lain

LAIN, participle passive of lie. Lien would be a more regular orthography, but lain is generally used.

Lair

LAIR, noun [German lager, from the root of lay, Latin locus.]

1. A place of rest; the bed or couch of a boar or wild beast.

Milton. Dryden.

2. Pasture; the ground.

Spenser.

Laird

LAIRD, noun [contracted from Saxon hlaford, lord.]

In the Scots dialect, a lord; the proprietor of a manor.

Cleaveland.

Laity

LA'ITY, noun [Greek, people. See Laic.]

1. The people, as distinguished from the clergy; the body of the people not in orders.

Swift.

2. The state of a layman, or of not being in orders. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Lake

LAKE, verb intransitive [Swedish leka; Danish leger; Gothic laikon.]

To play; to sport. North of England. This is play, Saxon plegan, without a prefix.

Lake

LAKE, noun [German lache, a puddle; French lac; Latin lacus; Spanish Italian lago; Saxon luh; Scot. loch; Irish lough; Icelandic laugh. A lake is a stand of water, from the root of lay. Hence Latin lagena, flagon, and Spanish laguna, lagoon.]

1. A large and extensive collection of water contained in a cavity or hollow of the earth. It differs from a pond in size, the latter being a collection of small extent; but sometimes a collection of water is called a pond or a lake indifferently. North America contains some of the largest lakes on the globe, particularly the lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior.

2. A middle color between ultramarine and vermilion, made of cochineal.

Dryden.

Laky

LA'KY, adjective Pertaining to a lake or lakes.

Sherwood.

Lama

LAMA, noun The sovereign pontiff, or rather the god of the Asiatic Tartars.

Encyc.

2. A small species of camel, the Camelus lama of South America.

Lamantin

LAM'ANTIN, or LAM'ENTIN, noun A species of the walrus or sea-cow, the Trichechus manatus.

Encyc.

Lamb

LAMB, n. lam. [Gothic and Saxon lamb; Dutch Danish lam; German lamm; Swedish lamb. The letter b is casual and useless. I suspect the word to signify a shoot, as in other cases of the young of animals, from a root which is retained in the Welsh llamu, to bound, to skip.]

1. The young of the sheep kind.

2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the Savior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal lamb.

Behold the lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world. John 1.

Lamb

LAMB, verb transitive To bring forth young, as sheep.

Lambative

LAM'BATIVE, adjective [Latin lambo, to lick; Welsh llaib, lleibiaw, to lap.]

Taken by licking. [Little used.]

Brown.

Lambative

LAM'BATIVE, noun A medicine taken by licking with the tongue.

Wiseman.

Lambent

LAM'BENT, adjective [Latin lambens, lambo, to lick.]

Playing about; touching lightly; gliding over; as a lambent flame.

Dryden.

Lambkin

LAMBKIN, n. lam'kin. A small lamb.

Gay.

Lamblike

LAMBLIKE, a. lam'like. Like a lamb; gentle; humble; meek; as a lamblike temper.

Lamdoidal

LAMDOID'AL, adjective [Greek, the name of the letter, and, form.]

In the form of the Greek, the English L; as the lamboidal suture.

Sharp.

Lame

LAME, adjective [Saxon lame or lama; German lahm; Dutch Danish lam; Swedish lahm. It is probably allied to limp.]

1. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or otherwise injured so as to be unsound and impaired in strength; as a lame arm or leg, or a person lame in one leg.

2. Imperfect; not satisfactory; as a lame excuse.

Swift.

3. Hobbling; not smooth; as numbers in verse.

Dryden.

Lame

LAME, verb transitive To make lame; to cripple or disable; to render imperfect and unsound; as, to lame an arm or a leg.

Dryden.

Lamel

LAM'EL, noun [Latin lamella; Welsh llavyn. See Lamin.] A thin plate or scale of any thing.

Lamellar

LAM'ELLAR, adjective [from lamel.] Disposed in thin plates or scales.

Lamellarly

LAM'ELLARLY, adverb In thin plates or scales.

Lamellate

LAM'ELLATE, or LAM'ELLATED, adjective Formed in thin plates or scales, or covered with them.

Lamelliferous

LAMELLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lamella and fero, to produce.]

Producing plates; an epithet of polypiers presenting lamellar stars, or waved furrows garnished with plates.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lamelliform

LAM'ELLIFORM, adjective [Latin lamella, a plate, and form.] Having the form of a plate.

Journ. of Science.

Lamely

LA'MELY, adverb [See Lame.] Like a cripple; with impaired strength; in a halting manner; as, to walk lamely.

2. Imperfectly; without a complete exhibition of parts; as a figure lamely drawn; a scene lamely described.

3. Weakly; poorly; unsteadily; feebly.

Lameness

LA'MENESS, noun An impaired state of the body or limbs; loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by disease; particularly applied to the limbs, and implying a total or partial inability; as the lameness of the leg or arm.

2. Imperfection; weakness; as the lameness of an argument or of a description.

Lament

LAMENT', verb intransitive [Latin lamentor.] To mourn; to grieve; to weep or wail; to express sorrow.

Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2 Chronicles 35.

2. To regret deeply; to feel sorrow.

Lament

LAMENT', verb transitive To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan; to deplore.

One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes.

Dryden.

Lament

LAMENT', noun [Latin lamentum.] Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints or cries; lamentation; a weeping.

Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.

Milton.

[This noun is used chiefly or solely in poetry.]

Lamentable

LAM'ENTABLE, adjective [French from Latin lamentabilis.]

1. To be lamented; deserving sorrow; as a lamentable declension of morals.

2. Mournful; adapted to awaken grief; as a lamentable tune.

3. Expressing sorrow; as lamentable cries.

4. Miserable; pitiful; low; poor; in a sense rather ludicrous. [Little used.]

Stillingfleet.

Lamentably

LAM'ENTABLY, adverb Mournfully; with expressions or tokens of sorrow.

Sidney.

2. So as to cause sorrow.

Shak.

3. Pitifully; despicably.

Lamentation

LAMENTA'TION, noun [Latin lamentatio.] Expression of sorrow; cries of grief; the act of bewailing.

In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation and weeping. Matthew 2.

2. In the plural, a book of Scripture, containing the lamentations of Jeremiah.

Lamented

LAMENT'ED, participle passive Bewailed; mourned for.

Lamenter

LAMENT'ER, noun One who mourns, or cries out with sorrow.

Lamentin

LAMENTIN. [See Lamantin.]

Lamenting

LAMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Bewailing; mourning; weeping.

Lamenting

LAMENT'ING, noun A mourning; lamentation.

Lamia

LA'MIA, noun [Latin] A hag; a witch; a demon.

Lamin

LAM'IN, or LAM'INA, noun [Latin lamina; Welsh llavyn, from extending, Welsh llav.]

1. A thin plate or scale; a layer or coat lying over another; applied to the plates of minerals, bones, &c.

Encyc.

2. A bone, or part of a bone, resembling a thin plate, such as the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

Parr.

3. The lap of the ear.

Parr.

4. The border, or the upper, broad or spreading part of the petal, in a polypetalous corol.

Martyn.

Laminable

LAM'INABLE, adjective Capable of being formed into thin plates.

Kirwac.

Laminar

LAM'INAR, adjective In plates; consisting of thin plates or layers.

Laminate

LAM'INATE, or LAM'INATED, adjective Plated; consisting of plates, scales or layers, one over another.

Lamm

LAMM, verb transitive To beat. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Lammas

LAM'MAS, noun [Saxon hlammoesse, from hlafmoesse, loaf-mass, bread-feast, or feast of first fruits. Lye.]

The first day of August.

Bacon.

Lamp

LAMP, noun [French lampe; Latin lampas; Greek, from, to shine; Hebrew and Chaldee. Qu.]

1. A vessel for containing oil to be burned by means of a wick; or a light, a burning wick inserted in a vessel of oil. Hence,

2. Figuratively, a light of any kind. The moon is called the lamp of heaven.

Thy gentle eyes send forth a quickening spirit,

To feed the dying lamp of life within me.

Rowe.

Lamp of safety, or safety lamp, a lamp for lighting coal mines, without exposing workmen to the explosion of inflammable air.

Davy.

Lampas

LAM'PAS, noun [French] A lump of flesh of the size of a nut, in the roof of a horse's mouth, and rising above the teeth.

Far. Dict.

Lampblack

LAMP'BLACK, noun [lamp and black; being originally made by means of a lamp or torch.]

A fine soot formed by the condensation of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances, in a chimney terminating in a cone of cloth.

Fourcroy.

Lampiate

LAMP'IATE, noun A compound salt, composed of lampic acid and a base.

Ure.

Lampic

LAMP'IC, adjective The lampic acid is obtained by the combustion of ether by means of a lamp.

Ure.

Lamping

LAMP'ING, adjective [Italian lampante.] Shining; sparkling. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Lampoon

LAMPOON', noun [Qu. Old French lamper.] A personal satire in writing; abuse; censure written to reproach and vex rather than to reform.

Johnson. Dryden. Pope.

Lampoon

LAMPOON', verb transitive To abuse with personal censure; to reproach in written satire.

Lampooner

LAMPOON'ER, noun One who abuses with personal satire; the writer of a lampoon.

The squibs are those who are called libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers.

Tatler.

Lampooning

LAMPOON'ING, participle of the present tense Abusing with personal satire.

Lampoonry

LAMPOON'RY, noun Abuse.

Lamprey

LAM'PREY, noun [French lamproie; Saxon lamproeda; German lamprete; Dutch lamprei; Danish lampret; Spanish and Portugese lamprea; Italian lampreda; Welsh lleiprog; Armoric lamprezenn. In Armoric lampra signifies to slip or glide. In Welsh lleipiaw, is to lick or lap, and lleipraw, to make flabby. If m is casual, which is probable, the Armoric lampra for lapra, coincides with Latin labor, to slip, and most probably the animal is named from slipping. If, however, the sense is taken from licking the rocks, as Camden supposes, it accords with the sense of the technical name of the genus petromyzon, the rock-sucker.]

A genus of anguilliform fishes, resembling the eel, and moving in water by winding, like the serpent on land. This fish has seven spiracles on each side of the neck, and a fistula or aperture on the top of the head, but no pectoral or ventral fins. The marine or sea lamprey is sometimes found so large as to weigh four or five pounds.

Encyc.

Lamprel and lampron. [See Lamprey.]

Lanate

LA'NATE, or LAN'ATED, adjective [Latin lanatus, from lana, wool.] Wooly. In botany, covered with a substance like curled hairs; as a lanated leaf or stem.

Lance

LANCE, n. l`ans. [Latin lancea; French lance; Spanish lanza; Italian lancia; German lanze; Dutch Swedish lans; Danish lantse; Slav. lanzha; Greek. This word probably belongs to Class Lg, and is named from shooting, sending.]

A spear, an offensive weapon in form of a half pike, used by the ancients and thrown by the hand. It consisted of the shaft or handle, the wings and the dart.

Encyc.

Lance

LANCE, verb transitive [Armoric lanÃƒ-§za, to shoot, to vomit.]

1. To pierce with a lance or with a sharp pointed instrument.

Ã‚--Seized the due victim, and with fury lanc'd Her back.

Dryden.

2. To pierce or cut; to open with a lancet; as, to lance a vein or an abscess.

Lancely

LANCELY, a. l`ansly. Suitable to a lance.

Sidney.

Lanceolar

LAN'CEOLAR, adjective In botany, tapering towards each end.

As. Res.

Lanceolate

LAN'CEOLATE, or LAN'CEOLATED, adjective Shaped like a lance; oblong and gradually tapering toward each extremity; spearshaped; as a lanceolate leaf.

Martyn.

Lancepesade

LANCEPESA'DE, noun [Italian lancia-spezzata, a demi-lance-man, a light horseman.] An officer under the corporal.

J. Hall.

Lancer

L`ANCER, noun One who lances; one who carries a lance.

Lancet

L`ANCET, noun [French lancette, from lance.] A surgical instrument, sharp-pointed and two-edged; used in venesection, and in opening tumors, abscesses, &c.

Encyc.

2. A pointed window.

Warton.

Lanch

L`ANCH, verb transitive [from lance, French lancer.] To throw, as a lance; to dart; to let fly.

See whose arm can lanch the surer bolt.

Dryden. Lee.

2. To move, or cause to slide from the land into the water; as, to lanch a ship.

Lanch

L`ANCH, verb intransitive To dart or fly off; to push off; as, to lanch into the wide world; to lanch into a wide field of discussion.

Lanch

L`ANCH, noun The sliding or movement of a ship from the land into the water, on ways prepared for the purpose.

2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more flat-bottomed than a long boat.

Mar. Dict.

Land

LAND, noun [Gothic Saxon German, Dutch Danish Swedish land. I suppose this to be the Welsh llan, a clear place or area, and the same as lawn; Cantabrian, landa, a plain or field, Italian Spanish landa. The final d is probably adventitious. The primary sense is a lay or spread. Class Ln.]

1. Earth, or the solid matter which constitutes the fixed part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the sea or other waters, which constitute the fluid or movable part. Hence we say, the globe is terraqueous, consisting of land and water. The seaman in a long voyage longs to see land.

2. Any portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether a kingdom or country, or a particular region. The United States is denominated the land of freedom.

Go, view the land, even Jericho. Joshua 2.

3. Any small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground. We speak of the quantity of land in a manor. Five hundred acres of land is a large farm.

4. Ground; soil, or the superficial part of the earth in respect to its nature or quality; as good land; poor land; moist or dry land.

5. Real estate. A traitor forfeits all his lands and tenements.

6. The inhabitants of a country or region; a nation or people.

These answers in the silent night received,

The king himself divulged, the land believed.

Dryden.

7. The ground left unplowed between furrows, is by some of our farmers called a land.

To make the land, To make land, In seaman's language, is to discover land from sea, as the ship approaches it.

To shut in the land, to lose sight of the land left, by the intervention of a point or promontory.

To set the land, to see by the compass how it bears from the ship.

Land

LAND, noun [Saxon hland or hlond.] Urine; whence the old expression, land dam, to kill. Obs.

Shak.

Land

LAND, verb transitive To set on shore; to disembark; to debark; as, to land troops from a ship or boat; to land goods.

Land

LAND, verb intransitive To go on shore from a ship or boat; to disembark.

Landau

LAN'DAU, noun A kind of coach or carriage whose top may be opened and thrown back; so called from a town in Germany.

Land-Breeze

LAND'-BREEZE, noun [land and breeze.] A current of air setting from the land towards the sea.

Landed

LAND'ED, participle passive Disembarked; set on shore from a ship or boat.

2. adjective Having an estate in land; as a landed gentleman.

The house of commons must consist, for the most part, of landed men.

Addison.

3. Consisting in real estate or land; as landed security; landed property. The landed interest of a nation is the interest consisting in land; but the word is used also for the owners of that interest, the proprietors of land.

Landfall

LAND'FALL, noun [land and fall.] A sudden translation of property in land by the death of a rich man.

Johnson.

2. In seamen's language, the first land discovered after a voyage.

Mar. Dict.

Landflood

LAND'FLOOD, noun [land and flood.] An overflowing of land by water; an inundation. Properly, a flood from the land from the swelling of rivers; but I am not sure that it is always used in this sense.

Land-Force

LAND'-FORCE, noun [land and force.] A military force, army or troops serving on land, as distinguished from a naval force.

Landgrave

LAND'GRAVE, noun [German landgraf; Dutch landgraaf. Graf or graaf is an earl or count,

Saxon gerefa, a companion or count. It is contracted into reeve, as in sheriff, or shire-reeve.]

In Germany, a count or earl; or an officer nearly corresponding to the earl of England, and the count of France. It is now a title of certain princes who possess estates or territories called landgraviates.

Encyc.

Landgraviate

LANDGRA'VIATE, noun The territory held by a landgrave, or his office, jurisdiction or authority.

Encyc.

Landholder

LAND'HOLDER, noun A holder, owner or proprietor of land.

Landing

LAND'ING, participle of the present tense Setting on shore; coming on shore.

Landing

LAND'ING, or LAND'ING-PLACE, noun A place on the shore of the sea or of a lake, or on the bank of a river, where persons land or come on shore, or where goods are set on shore.

Landjobber

LAND'JOBBER, noun A man who makes a business of buying land on speculation, or of buying and selling for the profit of bargains, or who buys and sells for others.

Landlady

LAND'LADY, noun [See Landlord.] A woman who has tenants holding from her.

Johnson.

2. The mistress of an inn.

Swift.

Landless

LAND'LESS, adjective Destitute of land; having no property in land.

Shak.

Landlock

LAND'LOCK, verb transitive [land and lock.] To inclose or encompass by land.

Landlocked

LAND'LOCKED, participle passive Encompassed by land, so that no point of the compass is open to the sea.

Encyc.

Landloper

LAND'LOPER, noun [See Leap and Interloper.]

A landman; literally, a land runner; a term of reproach among seamen to designate a man who passes his life on land.

Landlord

LAND'LORD, noun [Saxon land-hlaford, lord of the land. But in German lehen-herr, Dutch leen-herr, is lord of the loan or fief. Perhaps the Saxon is so written by mistake, or the word may have been corrupted.]

1. The lord of a manor or of land; the owner of land who has tenants under him.

Johnson.

2. The master of an inn or tavern.

Addison.

Landman

LAND'MAN, noun A man who serves on land; opposed to seaman.

Landmark

LAND'MARK, noun [land and mark.] A mark to designate the boundary of land; any mark or fixed object; as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones, by which the limits of a farm, a town or other portion of territory may be known and preserved.

Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. Deuteronomy 19.

2. In navigation, any elevated object on land that serves as a guide to seamen.

Land-Office

LAND'-OFFICE, noun In the United States, an office in which the sales of new land are registered, and warrants issued for the location of land, and other business respecting unsettled land is transacted.

Landscape

LAND'SCAPE, noun [Dutch landschap; German landschaft; Danish landskab; Swedish landskap; land and skape.]

1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including mountains, rivers, lakes, and whatever the land contains.

Ã‚--Whilst the landscape round it measures,

Russet lawns and fallows gray,

Where the nibbling flocks do stray.

Milton.

2. A picture, exhibiting the form of a district of country, as far as the eye can reach, or a particular extent of land and the objects it contains, or its various scenery.

Addison. Pope.

3. The view or prospect of a district of country.

Landslip

LAND'SLIP, noun A portion of a hill or mountain, which slips or slides down; or the sliding down of a considerable tract of land from a mountain. Landslips are not unfrequent in Swisserland.

Goldsmith.

Landsman

LAND'SMAN, noun In seaman's language, a sailor on board a ship, who has not before been at sea.

Landstreight

LAND'STREIGHT, noun A narrow slip of land. [Not used.]

Mountague.

Land-Tax

LAND'-TAX, noun A tax assessed on land and buildings.

Land-Turn

LAND'-TURN, noun A land breeze.

Encyc.

Land-Waiter

LAND'-WAITER, noun An officer of the customs, whose duty is to wait or attend on the landing of goods, and to examine, weigh or measure, and take an account of them.

Encyc.

Landward

LAND'WARD, adverb Toward the land.

Sandys.

Land-Wind

LAND'-WIND, noun A wind blowing from the land.

Land-Worker

LAND'-WORKER, noun One who tills the ground.

Pownall.

Lane

LANE, noun [Dutch laan, a lane, a walk. Class Ln.]

1. A narrow way or passage, or a private passage, as distinguished from a public road or highway. A lane may be open to all passengers, or it may be inclosed and appropriated to a man's private use. In the U. States, the word is used chiefly in the country, and answers in a degree, to an alley in a city. It has sometimes been used for alley. In London, the word lane is added to the names of streets; as chancery lane.

2. A passage between lines of men, or people standing on each side.

Bacon.

Langrage

LAN'GRAGE, or LAN'GREL, noun Langrel shot or langrage, is a particular kind of shot used at sea for tearing sails and rigging, and thus disabling an enemy's ship. It consists of bolts, nails and other pieces of iron fastened together.

Mar. Dict.

Langteraloo

LANGTERALOO', noun A game at cards.

Tatler.

Language

LAN'GUAGE, noun [French langage; Spanish lengua, lenguage; Portugese linguagem; Italian linguaggio; Armoric langaich; from Latin lingua, the tongue, and speech. It seems to be connected with lingo, to lick; the n is evidently casual, for ligula, in Latin, is a little tongue, and this signifies also a strap or lace, as if the primary sense were to extend.]

1. Human speech; the expression of ideas by words or significant articulate sounds, for the communication of thoughts. Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds, which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented by letters, marks or characters which form words. Hence language consists also in

2. Words duly arranged in sentences, written, printed or engraved, and exhibited to the eye.

3. The speech or expression of ideas peculiar to a particular nation. Men had originally one and the same language, but the tribes or families of men, since their dispersion, have distinct languages.

4. Style; manner of expression.

Others for language all their care express.

Pope.

5. The inarticulate sounds by which irrational animals express their feelings and wants. Each species of animals has peculiar sounds, which are uttered instinctively, and are understood by its own species, and its own species only.

6. Any manner of expressing thoughts. Thus we speak of the language of the eye, a language very expressive and intelligible.

7. A nation, as distinguished by their speech. Danish iii.

Languaged

LAN'GUAGED, adjective Having a language; as many-languaged nations.

Pope.

Language-Master

LAN'GUAGE-MASTER, noun One whose profession is to teach languages.

Spectator.

Languet

LAN'GUET, noun [French languette.] Any thing in the shape of the tongue. [Not English.]

Johnson.

Languid

LAN'GUID, adjective [Latin languidus, from langueo, to droop or flag. See Languish.]

1. Flagging; drooping; hence, feeble; weak; heavy; dull; indisposed to exertion. The body is languid after excessive action, which exhausts its powers.

2. Slow; as languid motion.

3. Dull; heartless; without animation.

And fire their languid soul with Cato's virtue.

Addison.

Languidly

LAN'GUIDLY, adverb Weakly; feebly; slowly.

Boyle.

Languidness

LAN'GUIDNESS, noun Weakness from exhaustion of strength; feebleness; dullness; languor.

2. Slowness.

Languish

LAN'GUISH, verb intransitive [French languir, languissant; Armoric languiÃƒ-§za; Italian languire; Latin langueo, lachinisso; Greek, to flag, to lag. This word is of the family of Welsh llac, slack, loose; llaciaw, to slacken, to relax. Latin laxo, laxus, flacceo, and Gothic laggs, long, may be of the same family.]

1. To lose strength or animation; to be or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine; to be or to grow heavy. We languish under disease or after excessive exertion.

She that hath borne seven languisheth. Jeremiah 15.

2. To wither; to fade; to lose the vegetating power.

For the fields of Heshbon languish. Isaiah 16.

3. To grow dull; to be no longer active and vigorous. The war languished for want of supplies. Commerce, agriculture, manufactures languish, not for want of money, but for want of good markets.

4. To pine or sink under sorrow or any continued passion; as, a woman languishes for the loss of her lover.

Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish. Hosea iv.

5. To look with softness or tenderness, as with the head reclined and a peculiar cast of the eye.

Dryden.

Languish

LAN'GUISH, verb transitive To cause to droop or pine. [Little used.]

Shak.

Languish

LAN'GUISH, noun Act of pining; also, a soft and tender look or appearance.

And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye.

Pope.

Languisher

LAN'GUISHER, noun One who languishes or pines.

Languishing

LAN'GUISHING, participle of the present tense Becoming or being feeble; losing strength; pining; withering; fading.

2. adjective Having a languid appearance; as a languishing eye.

Languishingly

LAN'GUISHINGLY, ? Weakly; feebly; dully; slowly.

2. With tender softness.

Languishment

LAN'GUISHMENT, noun The state of pining.

Spenser.

2. Softness of look or mien, with the head reclined.

Dryden.

Languor

LAN'GUOR, noun [Latin languor; French langueur.]

1. Feebleness; dullness; heaviness; lassitude of body; that state of the body which is induced by exhaustion of strength, as by disease, by extraordinary exertion, by the relaxing effect of heat, or by weakness from any cause.

2. Dullness of the intellectual faculty; listlessness.

Watts.

3. Softness; laxity.

To isles of fragrance, lily-silvered vales,

Diffusing languor in the parting gales.

Dunciad.

Languorous

LAN'GUOROUS, adjective Tedious; melancholy. Obs.

Spenser.

Langure

LAN'GURE, verb transitive To languish. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Laniard

LANIARD, n. lan'yard. [French laniere, a strap.]

A short piece of rope or line, used for fastening something in ships, as the laniards of the gun-ports, of the buoy, of the cathook, &c., but especially used to extend the shrouds and stays of the masts, by their communication with the dead eyes, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Laniate

LA'NIATE, verb transitive [Latin lanio.] To tear in pieces. [Little used.]

Laniation

LANIA'TION, noun A tearing in pieces. [Little used.]

Laniferous

LANIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lanifer; lana, wool, and fero, to produce.] Bearing or producing wool.

Lanifice

LAN'IFICE, noun [Latin lanificium; lana, wool, and facio, to make.]

Manufacture of wool. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Lanigerous

LANIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin laniger; lana, wool, and gero, to bear.] Bearing or producing wool.

Lank

LANK, adjective [Saxon hlanca; Greek; probably allied to flank, and Welsh llac, slack, lax; llaciaw, to slacken; German schlank.]

1. Loose or lax and easily yielding to pressure; not distended; not stiff or firm by distension; not plump; as a lank bladder or purse.

The clergy's bags

Are lank and lean with thy extortions.

Shak.

2. Thin; slender; meager; not full and firm; as a lank body.

3. Languid; drooping. [See Languish.]

Milton.

Lankly

LANK'LY, adverb Thinly; loosely; laxly.

Lankness

LANK'NESS, noun Laxity; flabbiness; leanness; slenderness.

Lanky

LANK'Y, noun Lank. [Vulgar.]

Lanner

LAN'NER, or LAN'NERET, noun [French lanier; Latin laniarius, lanius, a butcher.] A species of hawk.

Lansquenet

LANS'QUENET, noun [lance and knecht, a boy, a knight.]

1. A common foot soldier.

2. A game at cards.

Johnson. Encyc.

Lantern

LAN'TERN, noun [French lanterne; Latin laterna; German laterne; Dutch lantaarn; Spanish linterna.]

1. A case or vessel made of tin perforated with many holes, or of some transparent substance, as glass, horn, or oiled paper; used for carrying a candle or other light in the open air, or into stables, &c.

Locke.

A dark lantern is one with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light.

2. A light-house or light to direct the course of ships.

Addison.

3. In architecture, a little dome raised over the roof of a building to give light, and to serve as a crowning to the fabric.

Encyc.

4. A square cage of carpentry placed over the ridge of a corridor or gallery, between two rows of shops, to illuminate them.

Encyc.

Magic lantern, an optical machine by which painted images are represented so much magnified as to appear like the effect of magic.

Lantern-Fly

LAN'TERN-FLY, noun An insect of the genus Fulgora.

Encyc.

Lantern-Jaws

LAN'TERN-JAWS, noun A thin visage.

Spectator.

Lanuginous

LANU'GINOUS, adjective [Latin lanuginosus, from lanugo, down, from lana, wool.]

Downy; covered with down, or fine soft hair.

Laodicean

LAODICE'AN, adjective Like the christians of Laodicea; lukewarm in religion.

Laodiceanism

LAODICE'ANISM, noun Lukewarmness in religion.

E. Stiles.

Lap

LAP, noun [Saxon loeppe; German lappen; Dutch Danish lap; Swedish lapp. This word seems to be a different orthography of flap.]

1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely.

Swift.

2. The part of clothes that lies on the knees when a person sits down; hence, the knees in this position.

Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps.

Tillotson.

Lap

LAP, verb transitive To fold; to bend and lay over or on; as, to lap a piece of cloth.

To lap boards, is to lay one partly over another.

2. To wrap or twist round.

I lapped a slender thread about the paper.

Newton.

3. To infold; to involve.

Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds.

Dryden.

Lap

LAP, verb intransitive To be spread or laid; to be turned over.

The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends where they lap over, transparent like the wing of a fly.

Grew.

Lap

LAP, verb intransitive [Saxon lappian; Dutch labben; Armoric lappa; French laper; Danish laber; Welsh llepiaw, lleibiaw; Greek. If m is casual in Latin lambo, as it probably is, this is the same word. Class Lb. No. 22.]

To take up liquor or food with the tongue; to feed or drink by licking.

The dogs by the river Nilus' side being thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore.

Digby.

And the number of them that lapped were three hundred men. Judges 7.

Lap

LAP, verb transitive To take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up; as, a cat laps milk.

Shak.

Lapdog

LAP'DOG, noun A small dog fondled in the lap.

Dryden.

Lapfull

LAP'FULL, noun As much as the lap can contain. 2 Kings 4.

Lapicide

LAP'ICIDE, noun A stone-cutter. [Not used.]

Dict.

Lapidarious

LAPIDA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin lapidarius, from lapis, a stone.] Stony; consisting of stones.

Lapidary

LAP'IDARY, noun [French lapidaire; Latin lapidarius, lapis, a stone.]

1. An artificer who cuts precious stones.

2. A dealer in precious stones.

3. A virtuoso skilled in the nature and kinds of gems or precious stones.

Encyc.

Lapidary

LAP'IDARY, adjective Pertaining to the art of cutting stones. The lapidary style denotes that which is proper for monumental and other inscriptions.

Encyc.

Lapidate

LAP'IDATE, verb transitive [Latin lapido.] To stone. [Not used.]

Lapidation

LAPIDA'TION, noun The act of stoning a person to death.

Hall.

Lapideous

LAPID'EOUS, adjective [Latin lapideus.] Stony; of the nature of stone; as lapideous matter. [Little used.]

Ray.

Lapidescence

LAPIDES'CENCE, noun [Latin lapidesco, from lapis, a stone.]

1. The process of becoming stone; a hardening into a stony substance.

2. A stony concretion.

Brown.

Lapidescent

LAPIDES'CENT, adjective Growing or turning to stone; that has the quality of petrifying bodies.

Encyc.

Lapidescent

LAPIDES'CENT, noun Any substance which has the quality of petrifying a body, or converting it to stone.

Lapidific

LAPIDIF'IC, adjective [Latin lapis, a stone, and facio, to make.] Forming or converting into stone.

Lapidification

LAPIDIFICA'TION, noun The operation of forming or converting into a stony substance, by means of a liquid charged with earthy particles in solution, which crystalize in the interstices, and end in forming free stone, pudding stone, &c.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lapidify

LAPID'IFY, verb transitive [Latin lapis, a stone, and facio, to form.] To form into stone.

Lapidify

LAPID'IFY, verb intransitive To turn into stone; to become stone.

Lapidist

LAP'IDIST, noun A dealer in precious stones. [See Lapidary.]

Lapis

LAPIS, in Latin, a stone. Hence,

Lapis Bononiensis, the Bolognian stone.

Lapis Hepaticus, liver stone.

Lapis Lazuli, azure stone, an aluminous mineral, of a rich blue color, resembling the blue carbonate of copper. [See Lazuli.]

Lapis Lydius, touch-stone; basanite; a variety of siliceous slate.

Lapped

LAP'PED, participle passive [See Lap.] Turned or folded over.

Lapper

LAP'PER, noun One that laps; one that wraps or folds.

2. One that takes up with his tongue.

Lappet

LAP'PET, noun [dim. of lap.] A part of a garment or dress that hangs loose.

Swift.

Lapping

LAP'PING, participle of the present tense Wrapping; folding; laying on.

2. Licking; taking into the mouth with the tongue.

Lapse

LAPSE, n. laps. [Latin lapsus, from labor, to slide, to fall. Class Lb.]

1. A sliding, gliding or flowing; a smooth course; as the lapse of a stream; the lapse of time.

2. A falling or passing.

The lapse to indolence is soft and imperceptible, but the return to diligence is difficult.

Rambler.

3. A slip; an error; a fault; a failing in duty; a slight deviation from truth or rectitude.

This Scripture may be usefully applied as a caution to guard against those lapses and failings to which our infirmities daily expose us.

Rogers.

So we say, a lapse in style or propriety.

4. In ecclesiastical law, the slip or omission of a patron to present a clerk to a benefice, within six months after it becomes void. In this case, the benefice is said to be lapsed, or in lapse.

Encyc.

5. In theology, the fall or apostasy of Adam.

Lapse

LAPSE, v. i. laps. To glide; to pass slowly, silently or by degrees.

This disposition to shorten our words by retrenching the vowels, is nothing else but a tendency to lapse into the barbarity of those northern nations from which we descended.

Swift.

2. To slide or slip in moral conduct; to fail in duty; to deviate from rectitude; to commit a fault.

To lapse in fullness

Is sorer than to lie for need.

Shak.

3. To slip or commit a fault by inadvertency or mistake.

Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Thersites, has lapsed into the burlesque character.

Addison.

4. To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, by the omission or negligence of the patron.

If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six months ensuing, it lapses to the king.

Ayliffe.

5. To fall from a state of innocence, or from truth, faith or perfection.

Once more I will renew

His lapsed powers.

Milton.

Lapsed

LAPS'ED, participle passive Fallen; passed from one proprietor to another by the negligence of the patron; as a lapsed benefice. A lapsed legacy is one which falls to the heirs through the failure of the legatee, as when the legatee dies before the testator.

Lapsided

LAP'SIDED, adjective [lap and side.] Having one side heavier than the other, as a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Lapsing

LAPS'ING, participle of the present tense Gliding; flowing; failing; falling to one person through the omission of another.

Lapwing

LAP'WING, noun A bird of the genus Tringa; the tewit.

Lapwork

LAP'WORK, noun Work in which one part laps over another.

Grew.

Lar

L`AR, noun plu. lares. [Latin] A household deity.

Lovelace.

Larboard

L`ARBOARD, noun [Board, bord, is a side; but I know not the meaning of lar. The Dutch use bakboord, and the Germans backbord.]

The left hand side of a ship, when a person stands with his face to the head; opposed to starboard.

Larboard

L`ARBOARD, adjective Pertaining to the left hand side of a ship; as the larboard quarter.

Larceny

L`ARCENY, noun [French larcin; Norm. larcim; Armoric laeroncy, or lazroncy, contracted from Latin latrocinium, from the Celtic; Welsh lladyr, theft; lladron, thieves; Spanish ladron; Italian ladro, ladrone.]

Theft; the act of taking and carrying away the goods or property of another feloniously. Larceny is of two kinds; simple larceny, or theft, not accompanied with any atrocious circumstance; and mixed or compound larceny, which includes in it the aggravation of taking from one's house or person, as in burglary or robbery. The stealing of any thing below the value of twelve pence, is called petty larceny; above that value, it is called grand larceny.

Blackstone.

Larch

L`ARCH, noun [Latin larix; Spanish alerce; Italian larice; German lerchenbaum; Dutch lorkenboom.]

The common name of a division of the genus Pinus, species of which are natives of America, as well as of Europe.

Lard

L`ARD, noun [French lard; Latin lardum, laridum; Italian and Spanish lardo; Armoric lardt. Qu. Welsh llÃƒ-¢r, that spreads or drops, soft.]

1. The fat of swine, after being melted and separated from the flesh.

2. Bacon; the flesh of swine.

Dryden.

Lard

L`ARD, verb transitive [French larder; Armoric larda.] To stuff with bacon or pork.

The larded thighs on loaded altars laid.

Dryden.

2. To fatten; to enrich.

Now Falstaff sweats to death,

And lards the lean earth.

Shak.

3. To mix with something by way of improvement.

Ã‚--Let no alien interpose,

To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom prose.

Dryden.

Lard

L`ARD, verb intransitive To grow fat.

Drayton.

Lardaceous

LARDA'CEOUS, adjective Of the nature of lard; consisting of lard.

Coxe.

Larded

L`ARDED, participle passive Stuffed with bacon; fattened; mixed.

Larder

L`ARDER, noun A room where meat is kept or salted.

Bacon.

Lardry

L`ARDRY, noun A larder. [Not used.]

Large

L`ARGE, a. larj. [French large; Spanish Portugese Italian largo; Armoric larg; Latin largus. The primary sense is to spread, stretch or distend, to diffuse, hence to loosen, to relax; Spanish largar, to loosen, to slacken, as a rope. Class Lr. It seems to be connected with Greek, wide, copious, and perhaps with floor, Welsh llawr, and with llawer, much, many. In Basque, larria, is gross, and larritu, to grow.]

1. Big; of great size; bulky; as a large body; a large horse or ox; a large mountain; a large tree; a large ship.

2. Wide; extensive; as a large field or plain; a large extent of territory.

3. Extensive or populous; containing many inhabitants; as a large city or town.

4. Abundant; plentiful; ample; as a large supply of provisions.

5. Copious; diffusive.

I might he very large on the importance and advantages of education.

Felton.

6. In seamen's language, the wind is large when it crosses the line of a ship's course in a favorable direction, particularly on the beam or quarter.

Encyc.

7. Wide; consisting of much water; as a large river.

8. Liberal; of a great amount; as a large donation.

At large, without restraint or confinement; as, to go at large; to be left at large.

2. Diffusely; fully; in the full extent; as, to discourse on a subject at large.

Large

L`ARGE, noun Formerly, a musical note equal to four breves.

Busby.

Largeheartedness

LARGEHE`ARTEDNESS, noun Largeness of heart; liberality. [Not used.]

Bp. Reynolds.

Largely

L`ARGELY, adverb Widely; extensively.

2. Copiously; diffusely; amply. The subject was largely discussed.

3. Liberally; bountifully.

Ã‚--How he lives and eats;

How largely gives.

Dryden.

4. Abundantly.

They their fill of love and love's disport

Took largely.

Milton.

Largeness

L`ARGENESS, noun Bigness; bulk; magnitude; as the largeness of an animal.

2. Greatness; comprehension; as the largeness of mind or of capacity.

3. Extent; extensiveness; as largeness of views.

4. Extension; amplitude; liberality; as the largeness of an offer; largeness of heart.

Hooker. Waller.

5. Wideness; extent; as the largeness of a river.

Largess

L`ARGESS, noun [French largesse; Latin largitio; from largus, large.]

A present; a gift or donation; a bounty bestowed.

Bacon. Dryden.

Largish

L`ARGISH, adjective Somewhat large. [Unusual.]

Cavallo.

Largo

L`ARGO, or LARGHET'TO, [Italian] Musical terms, directing to slow movement. Largo is one degree quicker than grave, and two degrees quicker than adagio.

Dict.

Lark

L`ARK, noun [Saxon laferc, lauerce; Scot. laverok, lauerok; German lerche; Dutch leeuwrik; Danish lerke; Swedish l?rka; Icl. lava, loova. As the Latin alauda coincides with laudo, loud, so the first syllable of lark, laf, lau, lave, may coincide with the Danish lover, to praise, to sing or cry out. But I know not the sense of the word.]

A bird of the genus Alauda, distinguished for its singing.

Larker

L`ARKER, noun A catcher of larks.

Dict.

Larklike

L`ARKLIKE, adjective Resembling a lark in manners.

Larks-Heel

L`ARK'S-HEEL, noun A flower called Indian cress.

Larkspur

L'ARKSPUR, noun A plant of the genus Delphinium.

Larmier

L'ARMIER, noun [French from larme, a tear or drop.]

The flat jutting part of a cornice; literally, the dropper; the eave or drip of a house.

Larum

LAR'UM, noun [German lÃƒ-¤rm, bustle, noise; Danish id.]

Alarm; a noise giving notice of danger. [See Alarm, which is generally used.]

Larva

L'ARVA, or L'ARVE, noun [Latin larva, a mask; Swedish larf; Danish German larve.]

An insect in the caterpillar state; eruca; the state of an insect when the animal is masked, and before it has attained its winged or perfect state; the first stage in the metamorphoses of insects, preceding the chrysalis and perfect insect.

Linne.

Larvated

L'ARVATED, adjective Masked; clothed as with a mask.

Laryngean

LARYN'GEAN, adjective [See Larynx.] Pertaining to the larynx.

Laryngotomy

LARYNGOT'OMY, noun [larynx and Greek, to cut.]

The operation of cutting the larynx or windpipe; the making of an incision into the larynx for assisting respiration when obstructed, or removing foreign bodies; bronchotomy; tracheotomy.

Coxe. Quincy.

Larynx

LAR'YNX, noun [Greek.] In anatomy, the upper part of the windpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity, which modulates the voice in speaking and singing.

Quincy.

Lascar

LAS'CAR, noun In the East Indies, a native seaman, or a gunner.

Lasciviency

LASCIVIENCY, LASCIVIENT. [Not used. See the next words.]

Lascivious

LASCIV'IOUS, adjective [French lascif; Italian Spanish lascivo; from Latin lascivus, from laxus, laxo, to relax, to loosen. Class Lg.]

1. Loose; wanton; lewd; lustful; as lascivious men; lascivious desires; lascivious eyes.

Milton.

2. Soft; wanton; luxurious.

He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber, To the lascivious pleasing of a lute.

Shak.

Lasciviously

LASCIV'IOUSLY, adverb Loosely; wantonly; lewdly.

Lasciviousness

LASCIV'IOUSNESS, noun Looseness; irregular indulgence of animal desires; wantonness; lustfulness.

Who, being past feeling, have given themselves over to lasciviousness. Ephesians 4.

2. Tendency to excite lust, and promote irregular indulgences.

The reason pretended by Augustus was, the lasciviousness of his Elegies and his Art of Love.

Dryden.

Lash

LASH, noun [This may be the same word as leash, French laisse, or it may be allied to the German lasche, a slap, laschen, to lash or slap, and both may be from one root.]

1. The thong or braided cord of a whip.

I observed that your whip wanted a lash to it.

Addison.

2. A leash or string.

3. A stroke with a whip, or any thing pliant and tough. The culprit was whipped thirty nine lashes.

4. A stroke of satire; a sarcasm; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain.

The moral is a lash at the vanity of arrogating that to ourselves which succeeds well.

L'Estrange.

Lash

LASH, verb transitive To strike with a lash or any thing pliant; to whip or scourge.

We lash the pupil and defraud the ward.

Dryden.

2. To throw up with a sudden jerk.

He falls; and lashing up his heels, his rider throws.

Dryden.

3. To beat, as with something loose; to dash against.

And big waves lash the frighted shoresÃ‚--

Prior.

4. To tie or bind with a rope or cord; to secure or fasten by a string; as, to lash any thing to a mast or to a yard; to lash a trunk on a coach.

5. To satirize; to censure with severity; as, to lash vice.

Lash

LASH, verb intransitive To ply the whip; to strike at.

To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice.

Dryden.

To lash out, is to be extravagant or unruly.

Feltham.

Lashed

LASH'ED, participle passive Struck with a lash; whipped; tied; made fast by a rope.

2. In botany, ciliate; fringed.

Lee.

Lasher

LASH'ER, noun One that whips or lashes.

Lasher

LASH'ER, or LASH'ING, noun A piece of rope for binding or making fast one thing to another.

Mar. Dict.

Lashing

LASH'ING, noun Extravagance; unruliness.

South.

Lass

L`ASS, noun [Qu. from laddess, as Hickes suggests.]

A young woman; a girl.

Philips.

Lassitude

LAS'SITUDE, noun [French from Latin lassitudo, from lassus, and this from laxus, laxo, to relax.]

1. Weakness; dullness; heaviness; weariness; languor of body or mind, proceeding from exhaustion of strength by excessive labor or action, or other means.

2. Among physicians, lassitude is a morbid sensation or languor which often precedes disease, in which case it proceeds from an impaired or diseased action of the organs.

Lasslorn

L`ASSLORN, adjective Forsaken by his lass or mistress.

Shak.

Last

L`AST, adjective [contracted from latest; Saxon last, from latost; German letzt; Dutch laatst, from laat, late. Qu. is the Greek from the same root? See Late and Let.]

1. That comes after all the others; the latest; applied to time; as the last hour of the day; the last day of the year.

2. That follows all the others; that is behind all the others in place; hindmost; as, this was the last man that entered the church.

3. Beyond which there is no more.

Here, last of Britons, let your names be read.

Pope.

4. Next before the present; as the last week; the last year.

5. Utmost.

Their last endeavors bend,

T' outshine each other.

Dryden.

It is an object of the last importance.

Ellicott.

6. Lowest; meanest.

Antilochus

Takes the last prize.

Pope.

At last, at the last, at the end; in the conclusion.

Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he shall overcome at the last. Genesis 49.

To the last, to the end; till the conclusion.

And blunder on in business to the last.

Pope.

In the phrases, ``you are the last man I should consult,' ``this is the last place in which I should expect to find you,' the word last implies improbability; this is the most improbable place, and therefore I should resort to it last.

Last

L`AST, adverb The last time; the time before the present. I saw him last at New York.

2. In conclusion; finally.

Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires,

Adores; and last, the thing adored desires.

Dryden.

Last

L`AST, verb intransitive [Saxon lastan, loestan. This verb seems to be from the adjective last, the primary sense of which is continued, drawn out. See Let.]

1. To continue in time; to endure; to remain in existence. Our government cannot last long unless administered by honest men.

2. To continue unimpaired; not to decay or perish. Select for winter the best apples to last. This color will last.

3. To hold out; to continue unconsumed. The captain knew he had not water on board to last a week.

Last

L`AST, noun [Saxon hloeste; German Swedish Dutch Danish last; Russian laste; French lest; Armoric lastr; Welsh llwyth. See Load.]

A load; hence, a certain weight or measure. A last of codfish, white herrings, meal, and ashes, is twelve barrels; a last of corn is ten quarters or eighty bushels; of gun-powder, twenty four barrels; of red herrings, twenty cades; of hides, twelve dozen; of lether, twenty dickers; of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels; of wool, twelve sacks; of flax or fethers, 1700 lbs.

Encyc.

Last

L`AST, noun [Saxon laste, loeste; German leisten; Dutch leest; Danish loest; Swedish l?st.]

A mold or form of the human foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed.

The cobler is not to go beyond his last.

L'Estrange.

Lastage

L'ASTAGE, noun [French lestage. See Last, a load.]

1. A duty paid for freight or transportation. [Not used in the U. States.]

2. Ballast. [Not used.]

3. The lading of a ship. [Not used.]

Lastery

L`ASTERY, noun A red color. [Not in use.]

Lasting

L`ASTING, participle of the present tense Continuing in time; enduring; remaining.

2. adjective Durable; of long continuance; that may continue or endure; as a lasting good or evil; a lasting color.

Lastingly

L`ASTINGLY, adverb Durably; with continuance.

Lastingness

L`ASTINGNESS, noun Durability; the quality or state of long continuance.

Sidney.

Lastly

L`ASTLY, adverb In the last place.

2. In the conclusion; at last; finally.

Latch

LATCH, noun [French loquet; Armoric licqed or clicqed, coinciding with Latin ligula, from ligo, to tie, and with English lock, Saxon loecan, to catch. The German klinke, Dutch klink, coincide with French clenche, which, if n is casual, are the Armoric clicqed, to clinch. The same word in Welsh is clicied, a latch, and the Italian laccio, a snare, Latin laqueus, from which we have lace, may belong to the same root. The primary sense of the root is to catch, to close, stop or make fast.]

1. A small piece of iron or wood used to fasten a door.

Gay.

2. A small line like a loop, used to lace the bonnets to the courses, or the drabblers to the bonnets.

Dict.

Latch

LATCH, verb transitive To fasten with a latch; to fasten.

Locke.

2. [French lecher.] To smear. [Not used.]

Shak.

Latchet

LATCH'ET, noun [from latch, French lacet.] The string that fastens a shoe. Mark 1.

Late

LATE, adjective [Saxon loet, lat; Gothic lata; Dutch laat; Swedish lat; Danish lad, idle, lazy; Gothic latyan, Saxon latian, to delay or retard. This word is from the root of let, the sense of which is to draw out, extend or prolong, hence to be slow or late. See Let. This adjective has regular terminations of the comparative and superlative degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, and latest is often contracted into last.]

1. Coming after the usual time; slow; tardy; long delayed; as a late spring; a late summer. The crops or harvest will be late.

2. Far advanced towards the end or close; as a late hour of the day. He began at a late period of his life.

3. Last, or recently in any place, office or character; as the late ministry; the late administration.

4. Existing not long ago, but now decayed or departed; as the late bishop of London.

5. Not long past; happening not long ago; recent; as the late rains. We have received late intelligence.

Late

LATE, adverb After the usual time, or the time appointed; after delay; as, he arrived late.

2. After the proper or usual season. This year the fruits ripen late.

3. Not long ago; lately.

And round them throng With leaps and bounds the late imprison'd young.

Pope.

4. Far in the night, day, week, or other particular period; as, to lie a-bed late; to sit up late at night.

Of late, lately, in time not long past, or near the present. The practice is of late uncommon.

Too late, after the proper time; not in due time. We arrived too late to see the procession.

Lated

LA'TED, adjective Belated; being too late. [Not used.]

Shak.

Lateen

LAT'EEN, adjective A lateen sail is a triangular sail, extended by a lateen yard, which is slung about one quarter the distance from the lower end, which is brought down at the tack, while the other end is elevated at an angle of about 45 degrees; used in xebecs, polacres and setees, in the Mediterranean.

Mar. Dict.

Lately

LA'TELY, adverb Not long ago; recently. We called on a gentleman who has lately arrived from Italy.

Latency

LA'TENCY, noun [See Latent.] The state of being concealed; abstruseness.

Paley.

Lateness

LA'TENESS, noun The state of being tardy, or of coming after the usual time; as the lateness of spring or of harvest.

2. Time far advanced in any particular period; as lateness of the day or night; lateness in the season; lateness in life.

3. The state of being out of time, or after the appointed time; as the lateness of one's arrival.

Latent

LA'TENT, adjective [Latin latens, lateo; Greek,; Hebrew, to cover, or rather Chaldee, to hide or be hid. Class Ld. No. 1. 11.]

Hid; concealed; secret; not seen; not visible or apparent. We speak of latent motives; latent reasons; latent springs of action.

Latent heat, is heat in combination, in distinction from sensible heat; the portion of heat which disappears, when a body changes its form from the solid to the fluid, or from the fluid to the aeriform state.

Black.

Later

LA'TER, adjective [comp. deg. of late.] Posterior; subsequent.

Lateral

LAT'ERAL, adjective [French from Latin lateralis, from latus, a side, and broad, Greek; coinciding with Welsh llÃƒ-ªd, llyd, breadth, and probably with flat, Welsh plad or llez, or both. The primary sense of these words is to extend, as in late, let.]

1. Pertaining to the side; as the lateral view of an object.

2. Proceeding from the side; as the lateral branches of a tree; lateral shoots.

Laterality

LATERAL'ITY, noun The quality of having distinct sides. [Not used.]

Brown.

Laterally

LAT'ERALLY, adverb By the side; sideways.

Holder.

2. In the direction of the side.

Lateran

LAT'ERAN, noun One of the churches at Rome. The name is said to have been derived from that of a man.

Encyc.

A latere, [Latin] A legate a latere, is a pope's legate or envoy, so called because sent from his side, from among his favorites and counselors.

Latered

LA'TERED, adjective Delayed. Obs.

Chaucer.

Laterifolious

LATERIFO'LIOUS, adjective [Latin latus, side, and folium, leaf.]

In botany, growing on the side of a leaf at the base; as a laterifolious flower.

Lee. Martyn.

Lateritious

LATERI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin lateritius, from later, a brick.] Like bricks; of the color of bricks.

Med. Repos.

Lateritious sediment, a sediment in urine resembling brick dust, observed after the crises of fevers, and at the termination of gouty paroxysms.

Parr.

Lath

L`ATH, noun [Welsh clawd, a thin board, or llÃƒ-¢th, a rod; French latte; Spanish latas, plu.; German latte; Dutch lat.]

1. A thin, narrow board or slip of wood nailed to the rafters of a building to support the tiles or covering.

2. A thin narrow slip of wood nailed to the studs, to support the plastering.

Lath

L`ATH, verb transitive To cover or line with laths.

Mortimer.

Lath

L`ATH, noun [Saxon leth. The signification of this word is not clearly ascertained. It may be from Saxon lathian, to call together, and signify primarily, a meeting or assembly. See Wapenktae.]

In some parts of England, a part or division of a county. Spenser, Spelman and Blackstone do not agree in their accounts of the lath; but according to the laws of

Edward the Confessor, the lath, in some counties, answered to the trithing or third part of a county in others.

Wilkins.

Lathe

LATHE, noun [Qu. lath, supra, or Welsh lathru, to make smooth.]

An engine by which instruments of wood, ivory, metals and other materials, are turned and cut into a smooth round form.

Lather

LATH'ER, verb intransitive [Saxon lethrian, to lather, to anoint. Qu. Welsh llathru, to make smooth, or llithraw, to glide; llithrig, slippery, or llyth, soft; llyzu, to spread.]

To form a foam with water and soap; to become froth, or frothy matter.

Lather

LATH'ER, verb transitive To spread over with the foam of soap.

Lather

LATH'ER, noun Foam or froth made by soap moistened with water.

2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as of a horse.

Lathy

L`ATHY, adjective Thin as a lath; long and slender.

Todd.

Lathy

L`ATHY, adjective [Welsh lleth, llyth.] Flabby; weak.

New England.

Latibulize

LATIB'ULIZE, verb intransitive [Latin latibulum, a hiding place.]

To retire into a den, burrow or cavity, and lie dormant in winter; to retreat and lie hid.

The tortoise latibulizes in October.

Shaw's Zool.

Laticlave

LAT'ICLAVE, noun [Latin laticlavium; latus, broad, and clavus, a stud.]

An ornament of dress worn by Roman senators. It is supposed to have been a broad stripe of purple on the fore part of the tunic, set with knobs or studs.

Encyc.

Latin

LAT'IN, adjective Pertaining to the Latins, a people of Latium, in Italy; Roman; as the Latin language.

Latin church, the western church; the christian church in Italy, France, Spain and other countries where the Latin language was introduced, as distinct from the Greek or eastern church.

Encyc.

Latin

LAT'IN, noun The language of the ancient Romans.

2. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin.

Ascham.

Latinism

LAT'INISM, noun A Latin idiom; a mode of speech peculiar to the Latins.

Addison.

Latinist

LAT'INIST, noun One skilled in Latin.

Latinity

LATIN'ITY, noun Purity of the Latin style or idiom; the Latin tongue.

Latinize

LAT'INIZE, verb transitive To give to foreign words Latin terminations and make them Latin.

Watts.

Latinize

LAT'INIZE, verb intransitive To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin.

Dryden.

Latirostrous

LATIROS'TROUS, adjective [Latin latus, broad, and rostrum, beak.] Having a broad beak, as a fowl.

Brown.

Latish

LA'TISH, adjective [from late.] Somewhat late.

Latitancy

LAT'ITANCY, noun [Latin latitans, latito, to lie hid, from lateo. See Latent.]

The state of lying concealed; the state of lurking.

Brown.

Latitant

LAT'ITANT, adjective Lurking; lying hid; concealed.

Boyle.

[These words are rarely used. See Latent.]

Latitat

LAT'ITAT, noun [Latin he lurks.] A writ by which a person is summoned into the king's bench to answer, as supposing he lies concealed.

Blackstone.

Latitude

LAT'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin latitudo, breadth; latus, broad; Welsh llyd, breadth.]

1. Breadth; width; extent from side to side.

Wotton.

2. Room; space.

Locke.

[In the foregoing senses, little used.]

3. In astronomy, the distance of a star north or south of the ecliptic.

4. In geography, the distance of any place on the globe, north or south of the equator. Boston is situated in the forty third degree of north latitude.

5. Extent of meaning or construction; indefinite acceptation. The words will not bear this latitude of construction.

6. Extent of deviation from a settled point; freedom from rules or limits; laxity.

In human actions, there are no degrees and precise natural limits described, but a latitude is indulged.

Taylor.

7. Extent.

I pretend not to treat of them in their full latitude.

Locke.

Latitudinal

LATITU'DINAL, adjective Pertaining to latitude; in the direction of latitude.

Gregory.

Latitudinarian

LATITUDINA'RIAN, adjective [French latitudinaire.] Not restrained; not confined by precise limits; free; thinking or acting at large; as latitudinarian opinions or doctrines.

Latitudinarian

LATITUDINA'RIAN, noun One who is moderate in his notions, or not restrained by precise settled limits in opinion; one who indulges freedom in thinking.

2. In theology, one who departs in opinion from the strict principles of orthodoxy; or one who indulges a latitude of thinking and interpretation; a moderate man.

Latitudinarianism

LATITUDINA'RIANISM, noun Freedom or liberality of opinion, particularly in theology.

Chaldee Obs.

2. Indifference to religion.

Welsh Jones.

Latrant

LA'TRANT, adjective [Latin latro, to bark.] Barking.

Tickell.

Latrate

LA'TRATE, verb intransitive To bark as a dog. [Not used.]

Latration

LATRA'TION, noun A barking. [Not used.]

Latria

LA'TRIA, noun [Latin from Greek.] The highest kind of worship, or that paid to God; distinguished by the catholics from dulia, or the inferior worship paid to saints.

Encyc.

Latrobite

LATRO'BITE, noun [from Latrobe.] A newly described mineral of a pale pink red color, massive or crystalized, from an isle near the Labrador coast.

Phillips.

Latrociny

LAT'ROCINY, noun [Latin latrocinium.] Theft; larceny. [Not in use.]

Latten

LAT'TEN, noun [French leton or laiton; Dutch latoen; Armoric laton.] Iron plate covered with tin.

Encyc.

Latten-Brass

LAT'TEN-BRASS, noun Plates of milled brass reduced to different thicknesses, according to the uses they are intended for.

Encyc.

Latter

LAT'TER, adjective [an irregular comparative of late.]

1. Coming or happening after something else; opposed to former; as the former and latter rain; former or latter harvest.

2. Mentioned the last of two.

The difference between reason and revelationÃ‚--and in what sense the latter is superior.

Watts.

3. Modern; lately done or past; as in these latter ages.

Latterly

LAT'TERLY, adverb Of late; in time not long past; lately.

Richardson.

Lattermath

LAT'TERMATH, noun The latter mowing; that which is mowed after a former mowing.

Lattice

LAT'TICE, noun [French lattis, a covering of laths, from latte, a lath; Welsh cledrwy, from cledyr, a board, shingle or rail.]

Any work of wood or iron, made by crossing laths, rods or bars, and forming open squares like net-work; as the lattice of a window.

The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice. Judges 5.

Lattice

LAT'TICE, adjective Consisting of cross pieces; as lattice work.

2. Furnished with lattice work; as a lattice window.

Lattice

LAT'TICE, verb transitive To form with cross bars, and open work.

2. To furnish with a lattice.

Latticed

LAT'TICED, participle passive Furnished with a lattice.

Laud

LAUD, noun [Latin laus, laudis; Welsh clod; Irish cloth; allied to Greek,. This is from the same root as loud, German laut, and the primary sense is to strain, to utter sound, to cry out. See Loud.]

1. Praise; commendation; an extolling in words; honorable mention. [Little used.]

Pope.

2. That part of divine' worship which consists in praise.

Bacon.

3. Music or singing in honor of any one.

Laud

LAUD, verb transitive [Latin laudo.] To praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to celebrate.

Bentley.

Laudable

LAUD'ABLE, adjective [Latin laudabilis.] Praise-worthy; commendable; as laudable motives; laudable actions.

2. Healthy; salubrious; as laudable juices of the body.

Arbuthnot.

3. Healthy; well digested; as laudable pus.

Laudableness

LAUD'ABLENESS, noun The quality of deserving praise; praiseworthiness; as the laudableness of designs, purposes, motives or actions. [Laudability, in a like sense, has been used, but rarely.]

Laudably

LAUD'ABLY, adverb In a manner deserving praise.

Laudanum

LAUD'ANUM, noun [from Latin laudo, to praise.] Opium dissolved in spirit or wine; tincture of opium.

Coxe.

Laudative

LAUD'ATIVE, noun [Latin laudativus.] A panegyric; an eulogy. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Laudatory

LAUD'ATORY, adjective Containing praise; tending to praise.

Laudatory

LAUD'ATORY, noun That which contains praise.

Milton.

Lauder

LAUD'ER, noun One who praises.

Laugh

LAUGH, v. i. l'aff. [Saxon hlihan; Gothic hlahyan; German lachen; Dutch lachgen; Swedish le; Danish leer; Hebrew and Chaldee, laag. Class Lg. No. 17.]

1. To make the noise and exhibit the features which are characteristic of mirth in the human species. Violent laughter is accompanied with a shaking of the sides, and all laughter expels breath from the lungs.

Bacon.

2. In poetry, to be gay; to appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, lively or brilliant.

Then laughs the childish year with flow'rets crown'd.

Dryden.

And o'er the foaming bowl, the laughing wine.

Pope.

To laugh at, to ridicule; to treat with some degree of contempt.

No fool to laugh at, which he valued more.

Pope.

To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat with mockery, contempt and scorn. Nehemiah 2.

Laugh

LAUGH, n. l'aff. An expression of mirth peculiar to the human species.

But feigns a laugh, to see me search around,

And by that laugh the willing fair is found.

Pope.

Laughable

LAUGHABLE, a. l'affable. That may justly excite laughter; as a laughable story; a laughable scene.

Laugher

LAUGHER, n. l'affer. One who laughs, or is fond of merriment.

The laughers are a majority.

Pope.

Laughing

LAUGHING, ppr. l'affing. Expressing mirth in a particular manner.

Laughingly

LAUGHINGLY, adv. l'affingly. In a merry way; with laughter.

Laughing-Stock

LAUGHING-STOCK, noun An object of ridicule; a butt of sport.

Spenser. Shak.

Laughter

LAUGHTER, n. l'affter. Convulsive merriment; an expression of mirth peculiar to man, consisting in a peculiar noise and configuration of features, with a shaking of the sides and expulsion of breath.

I said of laughter, it is mad. Ecclesiastes 2.

Laugh-Worthy

LAUGH-WORTHY, adjective Deserving to be laughed at.

B. Jonson.

Laumonite

LAU'MONITE, noun Efflorescent zeolite; so called from Laumont, its discoverer. It is found in laminated masses, in groups of prismatic crystals or prismatic distinct concretions. Exposed to the air, it disintegrates.

Cleaveland.

Launch

LAUNCH. [See Lanch, the more correct orthography.]

Laund

LAUND, noun A lawn. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Launder

LAUNDER, n. l'ander. [from Latin lavo, to wash.]

A washer-woman; also, a long and hollow trough, used by miners to receive the powdered ore from the box where it is beaten.

Encyc.

Launder

LAUNDER, v. t. l'ander. To wash; to wet.

Shak.

Launderer

LAUNDERER, n. l'anderer. A man who follows the business of washing clothes.

Butler.

Laundress

LAUNDRESS, n. l'andress. [French lavandiere; Spanish lavandera; Italian lavandaia; from Latin lavo, Spanish lavar, to wash.]

A washer-woman; a female whose employment is to wash clothes.

Laundress

LAUNDRESS, v. i. l'andress. [supra.] To practice washing.

Blount.

Laundry

LAUNDRY, n. l'andry. [Spanish lavadero.]

1. A washing.

Bacon.

2. The place or room where clothes are washed.

Laureate

LAU'REATE, adjective [Latin laureatus, from laurea, a laurel.]

Decked or invested with laurel; as laureate hearse.

Milton.

Soft on her lap her laureate son reclines.

Pope.

Poet laureate, in Great Britain, an officer of the king's household, whose business is to compose an ode annually for the king's birth day, and for the new year. It is said this title was first given him in the time of Edward IV.

Encyc.

Laureate

LAU'REATE, verb transitive To honor with a degree in the university, and a present of a wreath of laurel.

Warton.

Laureated

LAU'REATED, participle passive Honored with a degree and a laurel wreath.

Laureation

LAUREA'TION, noun The act of conferring a degree in the university, together with a wreath of laurel; an honor bestowed on those who excelled in writing verse. This was an ancient practice at Oxford, from which probably originated the denomination of poet laureate.

Warton.

Laurel

LAU'REL, noun [Latin laurus; Italian lauro; French laurier; Spanish laurel; Portugese laureiro; Welsh llorwyz, llorwyzen, laurel wood, from the root of llawr, a floor, llor, that spreads; Danish laur-boer-tree; German lorbeer, the laurel or bay-berry. Laur coincides in elements with flower, floreo.]

The bay-tree or Laurus, a genus of plants of several species.

Encyc.

Laureled

LAU'RELED, adjective Crowned or decorated with laurel, or with a laurel wreath; laureate.

Lauriferous

LAURIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin laurus and fero, to bear.] Producing or bringing laurel.

Laurustin

LAU'RUSTIN, noun [Latin laurustinus.] A plant of the genus Viburnum, an evergreen shrub or tree, whose flowers are said to continue through the winter.

Lauskraut

LAUS'KRAUT, noun [German lÃƒ-¤usekraut, louse-plant.] A plant of the genus Delphinium.

Lautu

LAU'TU, noun A band of cotton, twisted and worn on the head of the Inca of Peru, as a badge of royalty.

J. Barlow.

Lava

L`AVA, noun [probably from flowing, and from the root of Latin fluo, or lavo; Italian laua, a stream, now lava.]

1. A mass or stream of melted minerals or stony matter which bursts or is thrown from the mouth or sides of a volcano, and is sometimes ejected in such quantities as to overwhelm cities. Catana, at the foot of Etna, has often been destroyed by it, and in 1783, a vast tract of land in Iceland was overspread by an eruption of lava from mount Hecla.

2. The same matter when cool and hardened.

Lavation

LAVA'TION, noun [Latin lavatio, from lavo.] A washing or cleansing.

Hakewill.

Lavatory

LAV'ATORY, noun [See Lave.] A place for washing.

2. A wash or lotion for a diseased part.

3. A place where gold is obtained by washing.

Encyc.

Lave

LAVE, verb transitive [French laver; Spanish lavar; Italian lavare; Latin lavo; Greek; Sanscrit allava; probably contracted from lago or laugo.]

To wash; to bathe; a word used chiefly in poetry or rhetoric.

Milton. Dryden.

Lave

LAVE, verb intransitive To bathe; to wash one's self.

Pope.

Lave

LAVE, verb transitive [French lever.] To throw up or out; to lade out. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Lave-Eared

LA'VE-EARED, adjective Having large pendant ears. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Laveer

LAVEE'R, verb transitive [French louvoyer or louvier; Dutch laveeren.] In seamen's language, to tack; to sail back and forth. [I believe this word is not in common use.]

Lavender

LAV'ENDER, noun [Latin lavendula.] A plant, or a genus of aromatic plants, Lavandula.

Laver

LA'VER, noun [French lavoir, from laver, to lave.] A vessel for washing; a large bason; in scripture history, a bason placed in the court of the Jewish tabernacle, where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet and the entrails of victims.

Encyc.

Laverock

LAVEROCK. [See Lark.]

Laving

LA'VING, participle of the present tense Washing; bathing.

Lavish

LAV'ISH, adjective [I know not from what source we have received this word. It coincides in elements with Latin liber, free, liberal, and Latin lavo, to wash.]

1. Prodigal; expending or bestowing with profusion; profuse. He was lavish of expense; lavish of praise; lavish of encomiums; lavish of censure; lavish of blood and treasure.

2. Wasteful; expending without necessity; liberal to a fault.

Dryden.

3. Wild; unrestrained.

Curbing his lavish spirit.

Shak.

Lavish

LAV'ISH, verb transitive To expend or bestow with profusion; as, to lavish praise or encomiums.

2. To waste; to expend without necessity or use; to squander; as, to lavish money on vices and amusements.

Lavished

LAV'ISHED, participle passive Expended profusely; wasted.

Lavisher

LAV'ISHER, noun A prodigal; a profuse person.

Lavishing

LAV'ISHING, participle of the present tense Expending or laying out with profusion; wasting.

Lavishly

LAV'ISHLY, adverb With profuse expense; prodigally; wastefully.

Dryden. Pope.

Lavishness

LAV'ISHNESS, noun Profusion; prodigality.

Spenser.

Lavolta

LAVOL'TA, noun [Italian la volta, the turn.] An old dance in which was much turning and capering.

Shak.

Law

LAW, noun [Saxon laga, lage, lag, or lah; Swedish lag; Danish lov; Italian legge; Spanish ley; French loi; Latin lex; from the root of lay, Saxon lecgan, Gothic lagyan. See Lay. A law is that which is laid, set or fixed, like statute, constitution, from Latin statuo.]

1. A rule, particularly an established or permanent rule, prescribed by the supreme power of a state to its subjects, for regulating their actions, particularly their social actions. Laws are imperative or mandatory, commanding what shall be done; prohibitory, restraining from what is to be forborn; or permissive, declaring what may be done without incurring a penalty. The laws which enjoin the duties of piety and morality, are prescribed by God and found in the Scriptures.

Law is beneficence acting by rule.

Burke.

2. Municipal law, is a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, commanding what its subjects are to do, and prohibiting what they are to forbear; a statute.

Municipal or civil laws are established by the decrees, edicts or ordinances of absolute princes, as emperors and kings, or by the formal acts of the legislatures of free states. Law therefore is sometimes equivalent to decree, edict, or ordinance.

3. Law of nature, is a rule of conduct arising out of the natural relations of human beings established by the Creator, and existing prior to any positive precept. Thus it is a law of nature, that one man should not injure another, and murder and fraud would be crimes, independent of any prohibition from a supreme power.

4. Laws of animal nature, the inherent principles by which the economy and functions of animal bodies are performed, such as respiration, the circulation of the blood, digestion, nutrition, various secretions, &c.

5. Laws of vegetation, the principles by which plants are produced, and their growth carried on till they arrive to perfection.

6. Physical laws, or laws of nature. The invariable tendency or determination of any species of matter to a particular form with definite properties, and the determination of a body to certain motions, changes, and relations, which uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called a physical law. These tendencies or determinations, whether called laws or affections of matter, have been established by the Creator, and are, with a peculiar felicity of expression, denominated in Scripture, ordinances of heaven.

7. Laws of nations, the rules that regulate the mutual intercourse of nations or states. These rules depend on natural law, or the principles of justice which spring from the social state; or they are founded on customs, compacts, treaties, leagues and agreements between independent communities.

By the law of nations, we are to understand that code of public instruction, which defines the rights and prescribes the duties of nations, in their intercourse with each other.

Kent.

8. Moral law, a law which prescribes to men their religious and social duties, in other words, their duties to God and to each other. The moral law is summarily contained in the decalogue or ten commandments, written by the finger of God on two tables of stone, and delivered to Moses on mount Sinai. Exodus 20.

9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action prescribed for the government of a church; otherwise called canon law.

10. Written law, a law or rule of action prescribed or enacted by a sovereign, and promulgated and recorded in writing; a written statute, ordinance, edict or decree.

11. Unwritten or common law, a rule of action which derives its authority from long usage, or established custom, which has been immemorially received and recognized by judicial tribunals. As this law can be traced to no positive statutes, its rules or principles are to be found only in the records of courts, and in the reports of judicial decisions.

12. By-law, a law of a city, town or private corporation. [See By.]

13. Mosaic law, the institutions of Moses, or the code of laws prescribed to the Jews, as distinguished from the gospel.

14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institutions which prescribe the external rites and ceremonies to be observed by the Jews, as distinct from the moral precepts, which are of perpetual obligation.

15. A rule of direction; a directory; as reason and natural conscience.

These, having not the law, are a law to themselves. Romans 2.

16. That which governs or has a tendency to rule; that which has the power of controlling.

But I see another law in my members warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. Rom. 7.

17. The word of God; the doctrines and precepts of God, or his revealed will.

But his delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law doth he meditate day and night. Psalm 1.

18. The Old Testament.

Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are gods? John 10.

19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct from the other parts of the Old Testament; as the law and the prophets.

20. A rule or axiom of science or art; settled principle; as the laws of versification or poetry.

21. Law martial, or martial law, the rules ordained for the government of an army or military force.

22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of navigation, and the commercial intercourse of nations.

23. Commercial law, law-merchant, the system of rules by which trade and commercial intercourse are regulated between merchants.

24. Judicial process; prosecution of right in courts of law.

Tom Touchy is a fellow famous for taking the law of every body.

Spectator.

Hence the phrase, to go to law, to prosecute; to seek redress in a legal tribunal.

25. Jurisprudence; as in the title, Doctor of Laws.

26. In general, law is a rule of action prescribed for the government of rational beings or moral agents, to which rule they are bound to yield obedience, in default of which they are exposed to punishment; or law is a settled mode or course of action or operation in irrational beings and in inanimate bodies.

Civil law, criminal law. [See Civil and Criminal.]

Laws of honor. [See Honor.]

Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms, particularly the Norman dialect or Old French, which was used in judicial proceedings from the days of William the conqueror to the 36th year of Edward III.

Wager of law, a species of trial formerly used in England, in which the defendant gave security that he would, on a certain day, make his law, that is, he would make oath that he owed nothing to the plaintiff, and would produce eleven of his neighbors as compurgators, who should swear that they believed in their consciences that he had sworn the truth.

Blackstone.

Law-Breaker

LAW'-BREAKER, noun One who violates the law.

Milton.

Law-Day

LAW-DAY, noun A day of open court.

Shak.

2. A leet or sheriff's tourn.

Lawful

LAW'FUL, adjective Agreeable to law; conformable to law; allowed by law; legal; legitimate. That is deemed lawful which no law forbids, but many things are lawful which are not expedient.

2. Constituted by law; rightful; as the lawful owner of lands.

Lawfully

LAW'FULLY, adverb Legally; in accordance with law; without violating law. We may lawfully do what the laws do not forbid.

Lawfulness

LAW'FULNESS, noun The quality of being conformable to law; legality. The lawfulness of an action does not always prove its propriety or expedience.

Lawgiver

LAW'GIVER, noun [law and give.] One who makes or enacts a law; a legislator.

Swift.

Lawgiving

LAW'GIVING, adjective Making or enacting laws; legislative.

Waller.

Lawing

LAW'ING, noun Expeditation; the act of cutting off the claws and balls of the fore feet of mastiffs to prevent them from running after deer.

Blackstone.

Lawless

LAW'LESS, adjective Not subject to law; unrestrained by law; as a lawless tyrant; lawless men.

2. Contrary to law; illegal; unauthorized; as a lawless claim.

He needs no indirect nor lawless course.

Shak.

3. Not subject to the ordinary laws of nature; uncontrolled.

He, meteor-like, flames lawless through the void.

Pope.

Lawlessly

LAW'LESSLY, adverb In a manner contrary to law.

Shak.

Lawlessness

LAW'LESSNESS, noun The quality or state of being unrestrained by law; disorder.

Spenser.

Law-Maker

LAW'-MAKER, noun One who enacts or ordains laws; a legislator; a lawgiver. Law-makers should not be law-breakers.

Adage.

Law-Monger

LAW'-MONGER, noun A low dealer in law; a pettifogger.

Milton.

Lawn

LAWN, noun [Welsh llan, an open, clear place. It is the same word as land, with an appropriate signification, and coincides with plain, planus, Irish cluain.]

An open space between woods, or a plain in a park or adjoining a noble seat.

Betwixt them lawns or level downs, and flocks

Grazing the tender herbs, were interspers'd.

Milton.

Lawn

LAWN, noun [French linon, from lin, flax, Latin linum.]

A sort of fine linen. Its use in the sleeves of bishops, explains the following line.

A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn.

Pope.

Lawn

LAWN, adjective Made of lawn.

Lawny

LAWN'Y, adjective Level, as a plain; like a lawn.

2. Made of lawn.

Bp. Hall.

Lawsuit

LAW'SUIT, noun [See Suit.] A suit in law for the recovery of a supposed right; a process in law instituted by a party to compel another to do him justice.

Lawyer

LAW'YER, noun [that is, lawer, contracted from law-wer, law-man.]

One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to institute suits in courts of law, and to prosecute or defend the cause of clients. This is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, serjeants and advocates.

Lawyer-Like

LAW'YER-LIKE, adjective Like a real lawyer.

Lawyerly

LAW'YERLY, adjective Judicial.

Milton.

Lax

LAX, adjective [Latin laxus; Spanish laso; Italian lasso; French lache, for lasche.]

1. Loose; flabby; soft; not tense, firm or rigid; as lax flesh; a lax fiber.

2. Slack; not tight or tense; as a lax cord.

3. Not firmly united; of loose texture; as gravel and the like laxer matter.

Woodward.

4. Not rigidly exact; as a lax moral discourse.

Baker.

5. Not strict; as lax morals.

6. Loose in the bowels; having too frequent discharges.

Lax

LAX, noun A looseness; diarrhaea.

2. A species of fish or salmon. [Saxon loex.] [Not in use.]

Laxation

LAXA'TION, noun [Latin laxatio.] The act of loosening or slackening; or the state of being loose or slackened.

Laxative

LAX'ATIVE, adjective [French laxatif, from Latin laxo.] Having the power or quality of loosening or opening the bowels, and relieving from constipation.

Laxative

LAX'ATIVE, noun A medicine that relaxes the bowels and relieves from costiveness; a gentle purgative.

Coxe.

Laxativeness

LAX'ATIVENESS, noun The quality of relaxing.

Laxity

LAX'ITY, noun [Latin laxitas.] Looseness; slackness; the opposite of tenseness or tension.

2. Looseness of texture.

Bentley.

3. Want of exactness or precision; as laxity of expression.

4. Looseness; defect of exactness; as laxity of morals.

5. Looseness, as of the bowels; the opposite of costiveness.

6. Openness; not closeness.

Laxly

LAX'LY, adverb Loosely; without exactness.

Rees.

Laxness

LAX'NESS, noun Looseness; softness; flabbiness; as the laxness of flesh or of muscles.

2. Laxity; the opposite of tension.

3. Looseness, as of morals or discipline.

4. Looseness, as of the bowels.

5. Slackness, as of a cord.

Lay

LAY, preterit tense of lie. The estate lay in the county of Hartford.

When Ahab heard these words, he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his head, and fasted and lay in sackcloth. 1 Kings 21.

Lay

LAY, verb transitive pret. and pp. laid. [Saxon lecgan, legan; Dutch leggen; German legen; Swedish l?gga; Danish legger; Russian loju; Latin loco, whence locus, Welsh lle, place, ley or lea; Welsh lleau, to lay. Hence French lieu, Armoric lech, a place; Irish legadh, Armoric lacqaat, to lay. The primary sense is to send or throw; hence this word is the Latin lego, legare, differently applied; Greek, to lie down; Ethiopic lak, to send, whence lackey. Class Lg. No 1. and 21. It coincides with lodge and with lie.]

1. Literally, to throw down; hence, to put or place; applied to things broad or long, and in this respect differing from set. We lay a book on the table, when we place it on its side, but we set it on the end. We lay the foundation of a house, but we set a building on its foundation.

He laid his robe from him. Jonah 3.

Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid.

Milton.

A stone was brought and laid on the mouth of the den. Danish vi.

2. To beat down; to prostrate. Violent winds with rain lay corn and grass.

3. To settle; to fix and keep from rising. A shower lays the dust.

4. To place in order; to dispose with regularity in building; as, to lay bricks or stones in constructing walls.

5. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plaster or paint.

6. To spread or set; as, to lay snares.

7. To calm; to appease; to still; to allay.

After a tempest, when the winds are laid.

Waller.

8. To quiet; to still; to restrain from walking; as, to lay the devil.

L'Estrange.

9. To spread and set in order; to prepare; as, to lay a table for dinner.

10. To place in the earth for growth.

The chief time of laying gilliflowers, is in July.

Mortimer.

11. To place at hazard; to wage; to stake; as, to lay a crown or an eagle; to lay a wager.

12. To bring forth; to exclude; as, to lay eggs.

13. To add; to join.

Wo to them that join house to house, that lay field to field. Isaiah 5.

14. To put; to apply.

She layeth her hand to the spindle. Proverbs 31.

15. To assess; to charge; to impose; as, to lay a tax on land; to lay a duty on salt.

16. To charge; to impute; as, to lay blame on one; to lay want of prudence to one's charge.

17. To impose, as evil, burden, or punishment.

The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. 1s. liii.

18. To enjoin as a duty; as, to lay commands on one.

19. To exhibit; to present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county.

20. To prostrate; to slay.

The leaders first

He laid along.

Dryden.

21. To depress and lose sight of, by sailing or departing from; as, to lay the land; a seaman's phrase.

22. To station; to set; as, to lay an ambush.

23. To contrive; to scheme; to plan.

To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands.

To lay apart, to put away; to reject.

Lay apart all filthiness. James 1.

To lay aside, to put off or away; not to retain.

Let us lay aside every weight, and the sin that doth so easily beset us. Hebrews 12.

2. To discontinue; as, to lay aside the use of any thing.

To lay away, to reposit in store; to put aside for preservation.

To lay before, to exhibit; to show; to present to view. The papers are laid before Congress.

To lay by, to reserve for future use.

Let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him. 1 Corinthians 16.

2. To put away; to dismiss.

Let brave spirits not be laid by, as persons unnecessary for the time.

Bacon.

3. To put off.

And she arose and went away, and laid by her veil. Genesis 38.

To lay down, to deposit, as a pledge, equivalent or satisfaction; to resign.

I lay down my life for the sheep. John 10.

2. To give up; to resign; to quit or relinquish; as, to lay down an office or commission.

3. To quit; to surrender the use of; as, to lay down one's arms.

4. To offer or advance; as, to lay down a proposition or principle.

Addison.

To lay one's self down, to commit to repose.

I will both lay me down in peace and sleepÃ‚-- Psalm 4.

To lay hold of, to seize; to catch. To lay hold on, is used in a like sense.

Locke.

To lay in, to store; to treasure; to provide previously.

Addison.

To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; as, to lay on blows.

To lay open, to open; to make bare; to uncover; also, to show; to expose; to reveal; as, to lay open the designs of an enemy.

To lay over, to spread over; to incrust; to cover the surface; as, to lay over with gold or silver.

To lay out, to expend; as, to lay out money, or sums of money.

2. To display; to discover.

He takes occasion to lay out bigotry and false confidence in all its colors.

Atterbury.

Obs.

3. To plan; to dispose in order the several parts; as, to lay out a garden.

4. To dress in grave clothes and place in a decent posture; as, to lay out a corpse. Shakspeare uses to lay forth.

5. To exert; as, to lay out all one's strength. So with the reciprocal pronoun, to lay one's self out, is to exert strength.

To lay to, to charge upon; to impute.

Sidney.

2. To apply with vigor.

Tusser.

3. To attack or harass. Obs.

Knolles.

4. To check the motion of a ship, and cause her to be stationary.

To lay together, to collect; to bring to one place; also, to bring into one view.

To lay to heart, to permit to affect greatly.

To lay under, to subject to; as, to lay one under restraint or obligation.

To lay up, to store; to treasure; to reposit for future use.

Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven. Matthew 6.

2. To confine to the bed or chamber. He is laid up with the gout.

To lay siege, to besiege; to encompass with an army.

To lay wait, to station for private attack; to lay in ambush for.

To lay the course, in sailing, is to sail towards the port intended, without gibing.

To lay waste, to destroy; to desolate; to deprive of inhabitants, improvements and productions.

To lay the land, in seamen's language, is to cause the land apparently to sink or appear lower, by sailing from it; the distance diminishing the elevation.

Lay

LAY, verb intransitive To bring or produce eggs.

Hens will greedily eat the herb that will make them lay the better.

Mortimer.

2. To contrive; to form a scheme. [Unusual.]

To lay about, to strike or throw the arms on all sides; to act with vigor.

Spenser. South.

To lay at, to strike or to endeavor to strike.

The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold. Job 41.

To lay in for, to make overtures for; to engage or secure the possession of.

I have laid in for these.

Dryden.

To lay on, to strike; to beat; to deal blows incessantly and with vehemence.

2. To act with vehemence; used of expenses.

Shak.

To lay out, to purpose; to intend. He lays out to make a journey.

2. To take measures.

I made strict inquiry wherever I came, and laid out for intelligence of all places.

Woodward.

To lay upon, to importune. Obs.

Lay

LAY, noun That which lies or is laid; a row; a stratum; a layer; one rank in a series reckoned upward; as a lay of wood.

A viol should have a lay of wire-strings below.

Bacon.

2. A bet; a wager. [Little used.]

Graunt.

3. Station; rank. [Not used.]

Lay

LAY, noun [Saxon leag, leah, lege; Welsh lle; Russian lug; Latin locus; French lieu. See Lay, the verb. The words which signify place, are from verbs which express setting or laying. It is written also ley, and lea, but less properly.]

A meadow; a plain or plat of grass land.

A tuft of daisies on a flowery lay.

Dryden.

The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.

Gray.

Lay

LAY, noun [Saxon legh or ley; Greek, to sound. It might also be deduced from German lied, a song; Dutch id.; Saxon leoth; Scot. leid, lede, or luid; Irish lyidh; Gael. laoidh; from the root of loud, Latin laudo, plaudo, Saxon hlydan.]

A song; as a loud or soft lay; immortal lays.

Spenser. Milton.

[It is used chiefly in poetry.]

Lay

LAY, adjective [French lai, Latin laicus, Italian laico, Spanish lego, a layman; Greek, from, people.]

Pertaining to the laity or people, as distinct from the clergy; not clerical; as a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother.

Lay-Clerk

LAY-CLERK, noun A vocal officiate in a cathedral.

Busby.

Layer

LA'YER, noun la'er. [from lay, the verb.] A stratum; a bed; a body spread over another; as a layer of clay or of sand.

2. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.

Encyc.

3. A hen that lays eggs.

Mortimer.

Laying

LA'YING, participle of the present tense Putting; placing; applying; imputing; wagering.

Layland

LA'YLAND, noun Land lying untilled; fallow ground. [Local.]

Layman

LA'YMAN, noun la'man. [lay and man.] A man who is not a clergyman; one of the laity or people, distinct from the clergy.

Dryden. Swift.

2. An image used by painters in contriving attitudes.

Dryden.

3. A lay-clerk.

Laystall

LA'YSTALL, noun [lay and stall.] A heap of dung, or a place where dung is laid.

Ash.

Lazar

LA'ZAR, noun [from Lazarus; Spanish lazaro.] A person infected with nauseous and pestilential disease.

Shak. Dryden.

Lazaret

LAZARET', or LAZARET'TO, noun [Spanish lazareto; Italian lazzeretto; French lazaret; from Lazarus.]

A public building, hospital or pest-house for the reception of diseased persons, particularly for those affected with contagious distempers.

Lazar-House

LA'ZAR-HOUSE, noun A lazaretto; also, a hospital for quarantine.

Lazar-Like

LA'ZAR-LIKE, or LA'ZARLY, adjective Full of sores; leprous.

Bp. Hall.

Lazarwort

LA'ZARWORT, or LA'SERWORT, noun Laserpitium, a genus of plants of several species, natives of Germany, Italy, France, &c.

Laze

LAZE, verb intransitive To live in idleness. [

Vulgar.]

Laze

LAZE, verb transitive To waste in sloth. [

Vulgar.]

Lazily

LA'ZILY, adverb [from lazy.] In a heavy, sluggish manner; sluggishly.

Whether he lazily and listlessly dreams away his time.

Locke.

Laziness

LA'ZINESS, noun [from lazy.] The state or quality of being lazy; indisposition to action or exertion; indolence; sluggishness; heaviness in motion; habitual sloth. Laziness differs from idleness; the latter being a mere defect or cessation of action, but laziness is sloth, with natural or habitual disinclination to action.

Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon overtakes him.

Franklin.

2. Slowness; tardiness.

Lazing

LA'ZING, adjective Spending time in sluggish inaction.

L'Estrange.

[This is an ill-formed, inelegant word.]

Lazuli

LAZ'ULI. Lapis Lazuli is a mineral of a fine, azure blue color, usually amorphous, or in rounded masses of a moderate size. It is often marked by yellow spots or veins of sulphuret of iron, and is much valued for ornamental work. It is distinguished from lazulite, by the intenseness of its color. [Qu. Arabic azul.]

Cleaveland.

Lazulite

LAZ'ULITE, noun A mineral of a light, indigo blue color, occurring in small masses, or crystalized in oblique four-sided prisms.

Cleaveland.

Lazy

LA'ZY, adjective [German lass, lÃƒ-¤ssig; Welsh llesg. The French lÃƒ-¢che is from Latin laxus, and it is doubtful whether this is of the same family.]

1. Disinclined to action or exertion; naturally or habitually slothful; sluggish; indolent; averse to labor; heavy in motion.

Wicked men will ever live like rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy and spend victuals.

Bacon.

2. Slow; moving slowly or apparently with labor; as a lazy stream.

The night-owl's lazy flight.

Shak.

Ld

LD, stands for lord.

Lea

LEA, or LEY, noun [See Lay.] A meadow or plain. The Welsh write lle, but as this word is from the root of lay, the latter is the more correct orthography.

Leach

LEACH, verb transitive [Swedish laka, to fall in drops, to distill; laka, to leak; Danish lekker, to drop, to leak. See Leak. Perhaps Latin lix may be from the same root.]

To wash, as ashes, by percolation, or causing water to pass through them, and thus to separate from them the alkali. The water thus charged with alkali, is called lye.

Leach

LEACH, noun A quantity of wood ashes, through which water passes, and thus imbibes the alkali.

Leach-Tub

LE'ACH-TUB, noun A wooden vessel or tub in which ashes are leached. It is sometimes written letch-tub.

Lead

LEAD, noun led. [Saxon loed; German loth; Dutch lood; Danish Swedish lod; Russian lot, probably a mass, like clod.]

A metal of a dull white color, with a cast of blue. It is the least elastic and sonorous of all the metals, and at the same time it is soft and easily fusible. It is found native in small masses, but generally mineralized by sulphur, and sometimes by other substances. Lead fused in a strong heat, throws off vapors which are unwholesome.

2. A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea.

3. Leads, a flat roof covered with lead.

Shak. Bacon.

White lead, the oxyd of lead, ground with one third part of chalk.

Fourcroy.

Lead

LEAD, v. t. led. To cover with lead; to fit with lead.

Lead

LEAD, verb transitive pret. and pp. led. [Saxon loedan; German leiten; Dutch leiden; Swedish leda; Danish leder; probably to draw, to strain, or extend.]

1. To guide by the hand; as, to lead a child. It often includes the sense of drawing as well as of directing.

2. To guide or conduct by showing the way; to direct; as, the Israelites were led by a pillar of a cloud by day, and by a pillar of fire by night.

3. To conduct to any place.

He leadeth me beside the still waters. Psalm 23.

4. To conduct, as a chief or commander, implying authority; to direct and govern; as, a general leads his troops to battle and to victory.

Christ took not on him flesh and blood, that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armiesÃ‚--

South.

5. To precede; to introduce by going first.

As Hesperus that leads the sun his way.

Fairfax.

6. To guide; to show the method of attaining an object. Self-examination may lead us to a knowledge of ourselves.

7. To draw; to entice; to allure. The love of pleasure leads men into vices which degrade and impoverish them.

8. To induce; to prevail on; to influence.

He was driven by the necessities of the times more than led by his own disposition to any rigor of actions.

K. Charles.

9. To pass; to spend, that is, to draw out; as, to lead a life of gayety, or a solitary life.

That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 1 Timothy 2.

To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way or into error; to seduce from truth or rectitude.

To lead captive, to carry into captivity.

Lead

LEAD, verb intransitive To go before and show the way.

I will lead on softly. Genesis 33.

2. To conduct, as a chief or commander. Let the troops follow, where their general leads.

3. To draw; to have a tendency to. Gaming leads to other vices.

4. To exercise dominion.

Spenser.

To lead off or out, to go first; to begin.

Cumberland.

Lead

LEAD, noun Precedence; a going before; guidance. Let the general take the lead.

[A colloquial word in reputable use.]

Leaden

LEADEN, adjective led'n. [from lead.] Made of lead; as a leaden ball.

2. Heavy; indisposed to action.

Shak.

3. Heavy; dull.

Shak.

Leaden-Hearted

LEADEN-HE`ARTED, adjective Stupid; destitute of feeling.

Thomson.

Leaden-Heeled

LEADEN-HEE'LED, adjective Moving slowly.

Ford.

Leaden-Stepping

LEADEN-STEP'PING, adjective Moving slowly.

Milton.

Leader

LE'ADER, noun One that leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor.

2. A chief; a commander; a captain.

3. One who goes first.

4. The chief of a party or faction; as the leader of the whigs or of the tories; a leader of the Jacobins.

5. A performer who leads a band or choir in music.

Leading

LE'ADING, participle of the present tense Guiding; conducting; preceding; drawing; alluring; passing life.

2. adjective Chief; principal; capital; most influential; as a leading motive; a leading man in a party.

3. Showing the way by going first.

He left his mother a countess by patent, which was a new leading exampleÃ‚--

Wotton.

Leading

LE'ADING, noun Guidance; the act of conducting; direction.

Shak. Spenser.

Leading-Strings

LE'ADING-STRINGS, noun Strings by which children are supported when beginning to walk.

Dryden.

To be in leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence, or in pupilage under the guidance of others.

Leadman

LE'ADMAN, noun One who begins or leads a dance. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Leadwort

LEADWORT, noun led'wort. Plumbago, a genus of plants.

Leady

LEADY, adjective led'dy. Of the color of lead.

Leaf

LEAF, noun plu. leaves. [Saxon leafe; Dutch loof; German laub; Swedish lof; Danish lÃƒ-¤v; Gothic lauf.]

1. In botany, leaves are organs of perspiration and inhalation in plants. They usually shoot from the sides of the stems and branches, but sometimes from the root; sometimes they are sessile; more generally supported by petioles. They are of various forms, flat, extended, linear, cylindric, &c.

2. The thin, extended part of a flower; a petal.

3. A part of a book containing two pages.

4. The side of a double door. 1 Kings 6.

5. Something resembling a leaf in thinness and extension; a very thin plate; as gold leaf.

6. The movable side of a table.

Leaf

LEAF, verb intransitive To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves. The trees leaf in May.

Leafage

LE'AFAGE, noun Abundance of leaves.

Leafed

LE'AFED, participle passive Having leaves.

Leafless

LE'AFLESS, adjective Destitute of leaves; as a leafless tree.

Pope.

Leaflet

LE'AFLET, noun A little leaf.

2. In botany, one of the divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole.

Leaf-Stalk

LE'AF-STALK, noun The petiole or stalk which supports a leaf.

Martyn.

Leafy

LE'AFY, adjective Full of leaves; as the leafy forest.

Dryden.

League

LEAGUE, n. leeg. [French ligue; Italian lega; Spanish liga; from Latin ligo, to bind.]

An alliance or confederacy between princes or states for their mutual aid or defense; a national contract or compact. A league may be offensive or defensive, or both. It is offensive, when the contracting parties agree to unite in attacking a common enemy; defensive, when the parties agree to act in concert in defending each other against an enemy.

2. A combination or union of two or more parties for the purpose of maintaining friendship and promoting their mutual interest, or for executing any design in concert.

And let there be

'Twixt us and them no league, nor amity.

Denham.

League

LEAGUE, verb intransitive leeg. To unite, as princes or states in a contract of amity for mutual aid or defense; to confederate. Russia and Austria leagued to oppose the ambition of Buonaparte.

2. To unite or confederate, as private persons for mutual aid.

League

LEAGUE, noun leeg. [of Celtic origin. Welsh llec, a flat stone, whence Low Latin leuca, Spanish legua, Italian lega, French lieue, Irish leac. It appears from the Welsh, that this word is from the root of lay.]

1. Originally, a stone erected on the public roads, at certain distances, in the manner of the modern mile-stones. Hence,

2. The distance between two stones. With the English and Americans, a league is the length of three miles; but this measure is used chiefly at sea. The league on the continent of Europe, is very different among different nations. The Dutch and German league contains four geographical miles.

Encyc.

Leagued

LE'AGUED, participle passive lee'ged. United in mutual compact; confederated.

Leaguer

LE'AGUER, noun lee'ger. One who unites in a league; a confederate.

Encyc.

Leaguer

LE'AGUER, noun [Dutch beleggeren. See Beleaguer.]

Siege; investment of a town or fort by an army. [Little used.]

Shak.

Leak

LEAK, noun [Dutch lek, a leak, and leaky; lekken, to leak, to drop, to sleek or make smooth; lekker, dainty, delicate, nice, delicious; German leck, a leak, and leaky; lecken, to leak, to drop out, to jump, to lick; lecker, dainty, delicious, lickerish; Swedish laka, to distill or drop, and l?ka, to leak; Danish lek, leaky; lekke, a leak; lekkefad, a dripping pan; lekker, to leak, to drop; lekker, dainty, delicate, nice, lickerish; Saxon hlece, leaky. If the noun is the primary word, it may be the Greek, a fissure or crevice, from, Dor., to crack, to sound, or to burst with sound, coinciding with Latin lacero and loquor, and perhaps clack. It seems that lickerish is from the root of leak, and signifies properly watery.]

1. A crack, crevice, fissure or hole in a vessel, that admits water, or permits a fluid to escape.

2. The oozing or passing of water or other fluid or liquor through a crack, fissure or aperture in a vessel, either into it, as into a ship, or out of it, as out of a cask.

To spring a leak, is to open or crack so as to let in water; to begin to let in water.

Leak

LEAK, adjective Leaky. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Leak

LEAK, verb intransitive To let water or other liquor into or out of a vessel, through a hole or crevice in the vessel. A ship leaks, when she admits water through her seams or an aperture in her bottom or sides, into the hull. A pail or a cask leaks, when it admits liquor to pass out through a hole or crevice.

To leak out, to find vent; to escape privately from confinement or secresy; as a fact or report.

Leakage

LE'AKAGE, noun A leaking; or the quantity of a liquor that enters or issues by leaking.

2. An allowance, in commerce, of a certain rate per cent. for the leaking of casks, or the waste of liquors by leaking.

Leaky

LE'AKY, adjective That admits water or other liquor to pass in or out; as a leaky vessel; a leaky ship or barrel.

2. Apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not close.

L'Estrange.

Leamer

LE'AMER, noun A dog; a kind of hound.

Lean

LEAN, verb intransitive [Saxon hlinian, hleoman, to lean; linian, to recline; German lehnen; Dutch leunen; Danish loener; Swedish l?na sig; Irish claonaim; Russian klonyu; Greek; Latin clino. Class Ln. No. 3.]

1. To deviate or move from a straight or perpendicular line; or to be in a position thus deviating. We say, a column leans to the north or to the east; it leans to the right or left.

2. To incline or propend; to tend toward.

They delight rather to lean to their old customsÃ‚--

Spenser.

Trust in the Lord with all thine heart, and lean not to thine own understanding. Proverbs 3.

3. To bend or incline so as to rest on something; as, to lean against a wall or a pillar; to lean on the arm of another.

4. To bend; to be in a bending posture.

Lean

LEAN, verb transitive To incline; to cause to lean.

Shak.

2. To conceal. [Icelandic luna.] [Not in use.]

Ray.

Lean

LEAN, adjective [Saxon loene or hloene; Dutch Danish German klein, small, lean; Swedish klen; allied perhaps to Latin lenis, and slender.]

1. Wanting flesh; meager; not fat; as a lean body; a lean man or animal.

2. Not rich; destitute of good qualities; bare; barren; as lean earth.

3. Low; poor; in opposition to rich or great; as a lean action. [Unusual.]

4. Barren of thought; destitute of that which improves or entertains; jejune; as a lean discourse or dissertation.

Lean

LEAN, noun That part of flesh which consists of muscle without the fat.

Farquhar.

Leanly

LE'ANLY, adverb Meagerly; without fat or plumpness.

Leanness

LE'ANNESS, noun Destitution of fat; want of flesh; thinness of body; meagerness; applied to animals.

2. Want of matter; poverty; emptiness; as the leanness of a purse.

Shak.

3. In Scripture, want of grace and spiritual comfort.

He sent leanness into their soul. Psalm 106.

Leany

LE'ANY, adjective Alert; brisk; active. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Leap

LEAP, verb intransitive [Saxon hleapan, Gothic hlaupan, to leap; German laufen; Dutch loopen, Swedish l?pa, Danish lÃƒ-¶ber, to run, to pass rapidly, to flow, slip or glide; Welsh llwf, a leap. From these significations, it may be inferred that this word belongs to the family of Latin labor, perhaps Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic. Class Lb. No. 30. Qu. Latin lupus, a wolf, the leaper.]

1. To spring or rise from the ground with both feet, as man, or with all the feet, as other animals; to jump; to vault; as, a man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a horse.

A man leapeth better with weights in his hands than without.

Bacon.

2. To spring or move suddenly; as, to leap from a horse.

3. To rush with violence.

And the man in whom the evil spirit was, leaped on them and overcame themÃ‚-- Acts 19.

4. To spring; to bound; to skip; as, to leap for joy.

5. To fly; to start. Job 41.

He parted frowning from me, as if ruin

Leaped from his eyes.

Shak.

[Our common people retain the Saxon aspirate of this word in the phrase, to clip it, to run fast.]

Leap

LEAP, verb transitive To pass over by leaping; to spring or bound from one side to the other; as, to leap a wall, a gate or a gulf; to leap a stream. [But the phrase is elliptical, and over is understood.]

2. To compress; as the male of certain beasts.

Dryden.

Leap

LEAP, noun A jump; a spring; a bound; act of leaping.

2. Space passed by leaping.

3. A sudden transition or passing.

Swift.

4. The space that may be passed at a bound.

'Tis the convenient leap I mean to try.

Dryden.

5. Embrace of animals.

Dryden.

6. Hazard, or effect of leaping.

Shak.

7. A basket; a weel for fish. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe. Sherwood.

Leaper

LE'APER, noun One that leaps. A horse is called a good leaper.

Leap-Frog

LE'AP-FROG, noun A play of children, in which they imitate the leap of frogs.

Shak.

Leaping

LE'APING, participle of the present tense Jumping; springing; bounding; skipping.

Leapingly

LE'APINGLY, adverb By leaps.

Leap-Year

LE'AP-YEAR, noun Bissextile, a year containing 366 days; every fourth year, which leaps over a day more than a common year. Thus in common years, if the first day of March is on Monday, the present year, it will, the next year, fall on Tuesday, but in leap-year it will leap to Wednesday; for leap-year contains a day more than a common year, a day being added to the month of February.

Brown.

Learn

LEARN, verb transitive lern. [Saxon leornian; German lernen; Dutch leeren; Danish loerer; Swedish l?ra. The latter coincides with the Saxon loeran, to teach, the same word having both significations, to teach and to learn. In popular use, learn still has both senses.]

1. To gain knowledge of; to acquire knowledge or ideas of something before unknown. We learn the use of letters, the meaning of words and the principles of science. We learn things by instruction, by study, and by experience and observation. It is much easier to learn what is right, than to unlearn what is wrong.

Now learn a parable of the fig-tree. Matthew 24.

2. To acquire skill in any thing; to gain by practice a faculty of performing; as, to learn to play on a flute or an organ.

The chief art of learning is to attempt but little at a time.

Locke.

3. To teach; to communicate the knowledge of something before unknown.

Hast thou not learned me how

To make perfumes?

Shak.

[This use of learn is found in respectable writers, but is now deemed inelegant as well as improper.]

Learn

LEARN, v. i. lern. To gain or receive knowledge; to receive instruction; to take pattern; with of.

Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowlyÃ‚--. Matthew 11.

2. To receive information or intelligence.

Learned

LEARNED, or LEARNT, pp. lern'ed, lernt. Obtained as knowledge or information.

Learned

LEARNED, a. lern'ed. Versed in literature and science; as a learned man.

2. Skillful; well acquainted with arts; knowing; with in; as learned in martial arts.

3. Containing learning; as a learned treatise or publication.

Coxe.

4. Versed in scholastic, as distinct from other knowledge.

Men of much reading are greatly learned, but may be little knowing.

Locke.

The learned, learned men; men of erudition; literati.

Learnedly

LEARNEDLY, adv. lern'edly. With learning or erudition; with skill; as, to discuss a question learnedly.

Every coxcomb swears as learnedly as they.

Swift.

Learner

LEARNER, n. lern'er. A person who is gaining knowledge from instruction, from reading or study, or by other means; one who is in the rudiments of any science or art.

Learning

LEARNING, ppr. lern'ing. Gaining knowledge by instruction or reading, by study, by experience or observation; acquiring skill by practice.

Learning

LEARNING, n. lern'ing. The knowledge of principles or facts received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science. The Scaligers were men of great learning. [This is the proper sense of the word.]

2. Knowledge acquired by experience, experiment or observation.

3. Skill in any thing good or bad.

Hooker.

Leasable

LE'ASABLE, adjective That may be leased.

Sherwood.

Lease

LEASE, noun [French laisser. See the Verb.]

1. A demise or letting of lands, tenements or hereditaments to another for life, for a term of years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved; also, the contract for such letting.

Encyc.

2. Any tenure by grant or permission.

Our high placed Macbeth

Shall live the lease of nature.

Shak.

Lease

LEASE, verb transitive [French laisser; a different orthography of let. See Let.]

To let; to demise; to grant the temporary possession of lands, tenements or hereditaments to another for a rent reserved. A leased to B his land in Dale for the annual rent of a pepper corn.

Lease

LEASE, v. i. leez. [Saxon lesan, to collect, also to free, to liberate, to redeem; Dutch leezen; German lesen, to gather, to cull, to sift, also to read, like Latin lego; Danish leser, Swedish l?sa, to read.]

To glean; to gather what harvest men have left. Obs.

Dryden.

Leased

LE'ASED, participle passive Demised or let, as lands or tenements.

Leasehold

LE'ASEHOLD, adjective Held by lease; as a leasehold tenement.

Swift.

Leaser

LE'ASER, noun A gleaner; a gatherer after reapers.

Leash

LEASH, noun [French laisse, lesse; Dutch letse. Qu. Italian laccio, Latin laqueus.]

1. A thong of lether, or long line by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog.

Shak.

2. Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially greyhounds, foxes, bucks and hares.

Shak. Dennis.

3. A band wherewith to tie any thing.

Boyle.

Leash

LEASH, verb transitive To bind; to hold by a string.

Shak.

Leasing

LE'ASING, n. s as z. [Saxon leasunge, from lease, leasa, false.]

Falsehood; lies. [Obsolete or nearly so.]

Leasow

LE'ASOW, noun [Saxon loeswe.] A pasture. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Least

LEAST, adjective [superl. of Saxon loes, less, contracted from loesest. It cannot be regularly formed from little.]

Smallest; little beyond others, either in size or degree; as the least insect; the least mercy.

Least is often used without the noun to which it refers. ``I am the least of the apostles,' that is, the least apostle of all the apostles. 1 Corinthians 15.

Least

LEAST, adverb In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below all others; as, to reward those who least deserve it.

At least, At the least, to say no more; not to demand or affirm more than is barely sufficient; at the lowest degree. If he has not incurred a penalty, he at least deserves censure.

He who tempts, though vain, at least asperses

The tempted with dishonor.

Milton.

2. To say no more. Let useful observations be at least a part of your conversation.

The least, in the smallest degree. His faculties are not in the least impaired.

At leastwise, in the sense of at least, is obsolete.

Leasy

LE'ASY, a. s as z. Thin; flimsy. It is usually pronounced sleazy.

Ascham.

Leat

LEAT, noun [Saxon loeet, duxit.] A trench to conduct water to or from a mill.

Leather

LEATH'ER, or LETH'ER, noun [Saxon lether; German, Dutch leder; Swedish l?der; Danish loether; Armoric lezr; Irish leather. The most correct orthography is lether.]

1. The skin of an animal dressed and prepared for use.

2. Dressed hides in general.

3. Skin; in an ironical sense.

Leather

LEATH'ER, or LETH'ER, adjective Lethern; consisting of lether; as a lether glove.

Leather-Coat

LEATH'ER-COAT, noun An apple with a tough coat or rind.

Shak.

Leather-Dresser

LEATH'ER-DRESSER, noun One who dresses lether; one who prepares hides for use.

Pope.

Leather-Jacket

LEATH'ER-JACKET, noun A fish of the Pacific ocean.

Cook.

Leather-Mouthed

LEATH'ER-MOUTHED, adjective By leather-mouthed fish, I mean such as have their teeth in their throat, as the chub.

Walton.

Leathern

LEATH'ERN, or LETH'ERN, adjective Made of lether; consisting of lether; as a lethern purse; a lethern girdle.

Leather-Seller

LEATH'ER-SELLER, or LETH'ER-SELLER, noun A seller or dealer in lether.

Leather-Winged

LEATH'ER-WINGED, or LETH'ER-WINGED, adjective Having wings like lether.

Spenser.

Leathery

LEATH'ERY, or LETH'ERY, adjective Resembling lether; tough.

Grew.

Leave

LEAVE, noun [Saxon leaf, lefe, from leafan, lefan, lyfan, to permit, to grant, to trust, to believe; German erlaub, Dutch oorlof, verlof, leave, furlow; Saxon leofan, to live, and to leave.]

1. Permission; allowance; license; liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is removed.

No friend has leave to bear away the dead.

Dryden.

David earnestly asked leave of me. 1 Samuel 20.

2. Farewell; adieu; ceremony of departure; a formal parting of friends; used chiefly in the phrase to take leave. Acts 18.

Leave

LEAVE, verb transitive pret. and pp. left. [Saxon loefan, to leave; lefan, to permit, to believe; lefe, leave; lefian, to live; leofan, to leave, to live; leofa, leave, permission, licence; lyfan, to permit, also to live. But live is also written liban, libban, with b, which leave is not. Belifan, to remain or be left; alyfan, to permit; ge-loefan, to leave, to permit, to believe; ge-leaf, leave, license, assent, consent, faith or belief; ge-lefan, to believe, to think or suppose, to permit, to live; ge-leofan, id.; ge-lyfan, to believe, to trust; ge-lyfed, permitted or allowed, believed, lawful, also alive, having life; leof, loved; lufa, love, also belief; leoflic, faithful; luflic, willingly, lubenter; luflic, lovely. The German has leave in urlaub, a furlow, and belief in glaube; live in leben; and love in liebe, lieben, the Latin libet, lubet. Greek. Danish lever, Swedish lefva, to live. These are a small part of the affinities of this word. The Germans and Dutch express the sense of leave, by lassen, laaten, which is our let, French laisser; and let in English has the sense both of permit and of hinder. The most prominent significations of leave, are to stop or forbear, and to withdraw.]

1. To withdraw or depart from; to quit for a longer or shorter time indefinitely, or for perpetuity. We left Cowes on our return to the United States, May 10, 1825. We leave home for a day or a year. The fever leaves the patient daily at a certain hour. The secretary has left the business of his office with his first clerk.

A man shall leave his father and his mother, and cleave to his wife. Genesis 2.

2. To forsake; to desert; to abandon; to relinquish.

We have left all and followed thee. Mark 10.

3. To suffer to remain; not to take or remove.

Let no man leave of it till the morning. Exodus 16.

4. To have remaining at death; as, to leave a good name.

5. To commit or trust to, as a deposit; or to suffer to remain. I left the papers in the care of the consul.

6. To bequeath; to give by will. The deceased has left his lands to his sons, but he has left a legacy to his only daughter.

7. To permit without interposition. Of this, he leaves the reader to judge.

8. To cease to do; to desist from; to forbear.

Let us return, lest my father leave caring for the asses and take thought for us. 1 Samuel 9.

9. To refer; to commit for decision.

To be left to one's self, to be deserted or forsaken; to be permitted to follow one's own opinions or desires.

To leave off, to desist from; to forbear; as, to leave off work at six o'clock.

To leave off, to cease wearing; as, to leave off a garment.

2. To forsake; as, to leave off an old acquaintance.

Arbuthnot.

To leave out, to omit; as, to leave out a word or name in writing.

Leave

LEAVE, verb intransitive To cease; to desist.

He began at the eldest and left at the youngest. Genesis 44.

To leave off, to cease; to desist; to stop.

But when you find that vigorous heat abate,

Leave off, and for another summons wait.

Roscommon.

Leave

LEAVE, verb transitive [French lever.] To raise. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Leaved

LE'AVED, adjective [from leaf; but leafed would be preferable.]

1. Furnished with foliage or leaves.

2. Having a leaf, or made with leaves or folds; as a two-leaved gate.

Leaven

LEAVEN, n. lev'n. [French levain, from lever, to raise, Latin levo, to lift.]

1. A mass of sour dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough or paste, produces fermentation in it and renders it light. During the seven days of the passover, no leaven was permitted to be in the houses of the Jews. Exodus 12.

2. Any thing which makes a general change in the mass. It generally means something which corrupts or depraves that with which it is mixed.

Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees. Matthew 16.

Leaven

LEAVEN, v. t. lev'n. To excite fermentation in; to raise and make light, as dough or paste.

A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. 1 Corinthians 5.

2. To taint; to imbue.

Prior.

Leavened

LEAVENED, pp. lev'ened. Raised and made light by fermentation.

Leavening

LEAVENING, ppr. lev'ening. Making light by fermentation.

Leavening

LEAVENING, n. lev'ening. That which leavens or makes light.

Bacon.

Leavenous

LEAVENOUS, a. lev'enous. Containing leaven; tainted.

Milton.

Leaver

LE'AVER, noun [from leave.] One who leaves or relinquishes; one who forsakes.

Shak.

Leaves

LEAVES, n. plu. of leaf.

Leaving

LE'AVING, participle of the present tense Quitting; withdrawing from; relinquishing; suffering to remain; ceasing; desisting from.

Leavings

LE'AVINGS, n. plu. Things left; remnant; relics.

The leavings of Pharsalia.

Addison.

2. Refuse; offal.

Swift.

Leavy

LE'AVY, adjective [from leaf.] Full of leaves; covered with leaves. [An improper word; it ought to be leafy.]

Sidney. Shak.

Lech

LECH, for lick. Obs. [See Lick.]

Lecher

LECH'ER, noun [Italian lecco, gluttony, lechery; leccare, to lick; leccardo, greedy; German lecken; Dutch likker. See lick, leak and lickerish. But in Saxon leger-scipe is lewdness, from leger, a layer, or a lying down; lecgan, to lay; ligan, to lie. See Lubricity.]

A man given to lewdness; one addicted, in an exorbitant degree, to the indulgence of the animal appetite, and an illicit commerce with females.

Lecher

LECH'ER, verb intransitive To practice lewdness; to indulge lust.

B. Jonson.

Lecherous

LECH'EROUS, adjective Addicted to lewdness; prone to indulge lust; lustful; lewd.

Derham.

2. Provoking lust.

Chaucer.

Lecherously

LECH'EROUSLY, adverb Lustfully; lewdly.

Lecherousness

LECH'EROUSNESS, noun Lust, or strong propensity to indulge the sexual appetite.

Lechery

LECH'ERY, noun Lewdness; free indulgence of lust; practice of indulging the animal appetite.

Shak.

Lection

LEC'TION, noun [Latin lectio, from lego, to read, Irish leighim, leagham, Greek, French lire.]

1. A reading.

2. A difference or variety in copies of a manuscript or book.

Watts.

3. A lesson or portion of Scripture read in divine service.

Lectionary

LEC'TIONARY, noun The Romish servicebook, containing portions of Scripture.

Lecture

LEC'TURE, noun [French lecture, from Latin lectura, from lego, to read.]

1. A discourse read or pronounced on any subject; usually, a formal or methodical discourse, intended for instruction; as a lecture on morals, philosophy, rhetoric, or theology.

2. A reading; the act or practice of reading; as in the lecture of Holy Scripture. [Little used.]

Brown.

3. A magisterial reprimand; a formal reproof.

Addison.

4. A recitation; rehearsal of a lesson.

Univ.

Lecture

LEC'TURE, verb intransitive To read or deliver a formal discourse.

2. To practice reading lectures for instruction. We say, the professor lectures on geometry, or on chimistry.

Lecture

LEC'TURE, verb transitive To instruct by discourses.

2. To instruct dogmatically or authoritatively; to reprove; as, to lecture one for his faults.

Lecturer

LEC'TURER, noun One who reads or pronounces lectures; a professor or an instructor who delivers formal discourses for the instruction of others.

2. A preacher in a church, hired by the parish to assist the rector, vicar or curate.

Johnson.

Lectureship

LEC'TURESHIP, noun The office of a lecturer.

Swift.

Lecturing

LEC'TURING, participle of the present tense Reading or delivering a discourse; reproving.

Lecturn

LEC'TURN, noun A reading desk. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Led

LED, preterit tense and participle passive of lead.

Leden

LED'EN, noun [Saxon lyden.] Language; true meaning. Obs.

Chaucer. Spenser.

Ledge

LEDGE, noun [Saxon leger, a layer; Dutch leggen, to lay, Saxon lecgan.]

1. A stratum, layer or row.

The lowest ledge or row should be merely of stone.

Wotton.

2. A ridge; a prominent row; as a ledge of rocks.

3. A prominent part; a regular part rising or projecting beyond the rest.

Swift.

4. A small molding.

5. A small piece of timber placed athwart ships, under the deck between the beams.

6. A long ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea.

Mar. Dict.

Ledger

LEDG'ER, noun The principal book of accounts among merchants; the book into which the accounts of the journal are carried in a summary form. [See Leger.]

Lee

LEE, noun plu. lees. [French lie.] Dregs; sediment. [See Lees.]

Lee

LEE, noun [Swedish l?; Danish loe. In Saxon hleo, hleow, is a bower or shelter; Scot. le, calm, sheltered; Icelandic hle, Dutch ly, lee, and luw, sheltered from the wind; Welsh clyd, sheltering, warm; Spanish lua, lee.]

Literally, a calm or sheltered place, a place defended from the wind; hence, that part of the hemisphere towards which the wind blows, as opposed to that from which it proceeds.

Under the lee, denotes properly, in the part defended from the wind.

Under the lee of the land, is properly, near the shore which breaks the force of the wind.

Under the lee of a ship, on the side opposite to that on which the wind blows.

Lee

LEE, verb intransitive To lie. [Not used. See Lie.]

Chaucer.

Lee-Board

LEE'-BOARD, noun A frame of plank affixed to the side of a flat-bottomed vessel, to prevent it from falling to leeward when close-hauled.

Lee-Gage

LEE'-GAGE, noun A greater distance from the point whence the wind blows, than another vessel has.

Lee-Lurch

LEE'-LURCH, noun A sudden and violent roll of a ship to leeward in a high sea.

Lee-Shore

LEE'-SHORE, noun The shore under the lee of a ship, or that towards which the wind blows.

Lee-Side

LEE'-SIDE, noun The side of a ship or boat farthest from the point whence the wind blows; opposed to the weather-side.

Lee-Tide

LEE'-TIDE, noun A tide running in the same direction that the wind blows. A tide under the lee, is a stream in an opposite direction to the wind.

Leeward

LEE'WARD, adjective Pertaining to the part towards which the wind blows; as a leeward ship.

Leeward

LEE'WARD, adverb Towards the lee, or that part towards which the wind blows; opposed to windward; as fall to leeward.

Leeway

LEE'WAY, noun The lateral movement of a ship to the leeward of her course, or the angle which the line of her way makes with her keel, when she is close-hauled.

Mar. Dict.

Leech

LEECH, noun [Gothic leikeis, Saxon loec, a host or innkeeper, a physician; Danish l?ege; loeger, to heal; Swedish l?kia, to heal; l?kiare, a physician; Irish liagh; Russian liakar.]

A physician; a professor of the art of healing.

Spenser. Dryden. Gay.

[This word, in the United States, is nearly or wholly obsolete. Even cow leech is not used.]

2. [Saxon loeccan, to seize.] A blood-sucker; an animal of the genus Hirudo, a species of aquatic worm, which is used in the medical art for topical bleeding. One large species of this animal is called horseleech.

3. In seamen's language, the border or edge of a sail, which is sloping or perpendicular; as the fore-leech, the after-leech, &c.

Leech-Craft

LEE'CH-CRAFT, noun The art of healing. Obs.

Davies.

Leech-Line

LEE'CH-LINE, noun Leech-lines are ropes fastened to the middle of the leeches of the main-sail and fore-sail, serving to truss them up to the yards.

Leech-Rope

LEE'CH-ROPE, noun That part of the boltrope to which the skirt or border of a sail is sewed.

Mar. Dict.

Leef

LEEF, adjective Kind; fond; pleasing; willing. Obs. [See Lief.]

Spenser.

Leek

LEEK, noun [Saxon leac; German lauch; Dutch look; Swedish l?k; Danish lÃƒ-¶g.]

A plant of the genus Allium, with a bulbous root. Numbers 11.

Leelite

LEE'LITE, noun A mineral, so called from Dr. Lee, of St. John's College, Cambridge. It is described as a siliceous stone, and by some mineralogists considered to be a hydrate of silica.

Phillips.

Leer

LEER, verb intransitive [Dutch gluuren, begluuren.] To look obliquely; to turn the eye and cast a look from a corner, either in contempt, defiance or frowning, or for a sly look.

Swift.

2. To look with a forced countenance.

Dryden.

Leer

LEER, verb transitive To allure with smiles.

Dryden.

Leer

LEER, noun [Saxon hleare, hleor, the cheek.]

1. The cheek. Obs.

2. Complexion; hue; face. Obs.

Shak.

3. An oblique view.

Ã‚--With jealous leer malign

Eyed them askance.

Milton.

4. An affected cast of countenance.

Damn with faint praise, concede with civil leer.

Pope.

Leer

LEER, adjective [Saxon geloer.] Empty; also, trifling; frivolous. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Leering

LEE'RING, participle of the present tense Looking obliquely; casting a look askance.

Leeringly

LEE'RINGLY, adverb With an arch oblique look or smile.

Lees

LEES, noun [French lie; Armoric ly; probably a contracted word. It is used in the plural only.]

The grosser parts of any liquor which have settled on the bottom of a vessel; dregs; sediment; as the lees of wine.

Leese

LEESE, verb transitive To lose. Obs. [See Lose.]

B. Jonson.

Leese

LEESE, verb transitive [Latin loesus.] To hurt. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Leet

LEET, noun In Great Britain, a court. The court-leet or view of frankpledge, is a court of record held once a year and not oftener, within a particular hundred, lordship or manor, before the steward of the leet. Its original intent was to view the frankpledges or freemen within the liberty, to preserve the peace, and punish certain minute offenses. All freeholders within the precinct are obliged to attend this court.

Blackstone.

The court-leet is for the most part superseded by the county court.

Leet-Ale

LEET-ALE, noun A feast or merry making in the time of leet.

Eng.

Left

LEFT, preterit tense and participle passive of leave.

Left

LEFT, adjective [Latin loevus; Greek, Hesych.; probably from the root of leave, Greek, and properly weak, deficient. Applied to the hand or arm, it denotes the weak arm, as opposed to the right, the strong or dextrous. Hence the ancient idea of sinister, unfortunate, attached to the left arm or side.]

1. Denoting the part opposed to the right of the body; as the left hand, arm or side. Hence, the noun being omitted, we say, on the left, that is, on the left side or wing, as of an army.

2. The left bank of a river, is that which is on the left hand of a person whose face is towards the mouth of the river.

Left-Handed

LEFT-HAND'ED, adjective Having the left hand or arm more strong and dextrous than the right; using the left hand and arm with more dexterity than the right.

2. Unlucky; inauspicious; unseasonable. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Left-Handedness

LEFT-HAND'EDNESS, noun Habitual use of the left hand, or rather the ability to use the left hand with more ease and strength than the right.

Left-Handiness

LEFT-HAND'INESS, noun Awkwardness.

Chesterfield.

Leg

LEG, noun [Danish loeg; Italian lacca.] The limb of an animal, used in supporting the body and in walking and running; properly, that part of the limb from the knee to the foot, but in a more general sense, the whole limb, including the thigh, the leg and the foot.

2. The long or slender support of any thing; as the leg of a table.

To make a leg, to bow; a phrase introduced probably by the practice of drawing the right leg backward. [Little used.]

Locke. Swift.

To stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to trust to one's own strength or efforts without aid.

Legacy

LEG'ACY, noun [Spanish legado; French legs; Latin legatum, from lego, to send, to bequeath; Ethiopic lak. Arabic alaka, to send. Class Lg. No. 1.]

A bequest; a particular thing, or certain sum of money given by last will or testament.

Good counsel is the best legacy a father can leave to his child.

Latin Estrange.

Legacy-Hunter

LEG'ACY-HUNTER, noun One who flatters and courts for legacies.

Legal

LE'GAL, adjective [French from Latin legalis, from lex, legis, law.]

1. According to law; in conformity with law; as a legal standard or test; a legal procedure.

2. Lawful; permitted by law; as a legal trade. Any thing is legal which the laws do not forbid.

3. According to the law of works, as distinguished from free grace; or resting on works for salvation.

Scott. Milton.

4. Pertaining to law; created by law.

The exception must be confined to legal crimes.

Paley.

So we use the phrase, criminal law.

Legality

LEGAL'ITY, noun Lawfulness; conformity to law.

2. In theology, a reliance on works for salvation.

Scott.

Legalize

LE'GALIZE, verb transitive To make lawful; to render conformable to law; to authorize. What can legalize revenge?

2. To sanction; to give the authority of law to that which is done without law or authority. Irregular proceedings may be legalized by a subsequent act of the legislature.

Legally

LE'GALLY, adverb Lawfully; according to to law; in a manner permitted by law.

Legatary

LEG'ATARY, noun [French legataire; Latin legatarius, from lego, to bequeath.]

A legatee; one to whom a legacy is bequeathed.

[But legatee is generally used.]

Legate

LEG'ATE, noun [French legat; Latin legatus, from lego, to send. See Lackey.] An embassador; but especially,

2. The pope's embassador to a foreign prince or state; a cardinal or bishop sent as the pope's representative or commissioner to a sovereign prince. Legates are of three kinds; legates a latere, or counselors and assistants of his holiness, legates de latere, who are not cardinals, and legates by office.

Encyc.

Legatee

LEGATEE', noun [Latin lego, to send.] One to whom a legacy is bequeathed.

Swift.

Legateship

LEG'ATESHIP, noun The office of a legate.

Legatine

LEG'ATINE, adjective Pertaining to a legate; as legatine power.

Shak.

2. Made by or proceeding from a legate; as a legatine constitution.

Ayliffe.

Legation

LEGA'TION, noun [Latin legatio, from lego, to send.] An embassy; a deputation; properly a sending, but generally, the person or persons sent as envoys or embassadors to a foreign court.

Bacon.

Legator

LEGA'TOR, noun [Latin] A testator; one who bequeaths a legacy. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Lege

LEGE, verb transitive To allege; to lighten. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Legend

LEG'END, noun [Italian leggenda; Latin legenda, from lego, to read; originally, in the Romish church, a book of service or lessons to be read in worship.]

1. A chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins and at the refectories of religious houses. Hence,

2. An idle or ridiculous story told respecting saints.

Encyc.

3. Any memorial or relation.

Johnson.

4. An incredible, unauthentic narrative.

Blackmore.

5. An inscription, particularly on medals and on coins.

Addison.

Legend

LEG'END, verb transitive To tell or narrate, as a legend.

Hall.

Legendary

LEG'ENDARY, adjective Consisting of legends; fabulous; strange.

Legendary

LEG'ENDARY, noun A book of legends; a relater of legends.

Sheldon.

Leger

LEG'ER, noun [Dutch leggen, to lie, Saxon lecgan.] Any thing that lies in a place; that which rests or remains; sometimes used as a noun, but more frequently as an adjective, as a leger ambassador, that is, resident; but the word is now obsolete, except in particular phrases.

A leger-line, in music, a line added to the staff of five lines, when more lines than five are wanted, for designating notes ascending or descending.

A leger-book, or leger, a book that lies in the counting house, the book into which merchants carry a summary of the accounts of the journal; usually written ledger.

Legerdemain

LEG'ERDEMAIN, noun [French leger, Italian leggiero, light, slight, and French de main, of hand. See Light.]

Slight of hand; a deceptive performance which depends on dexterity of hand; a trick performed with such art and adroitness, that the manner or art eludes observation. The word is sometimes used adjectively; as a legerdemain trick.

Legerity

LEGER'ITY, noun [French legeretÃƒ-©.] Lightness; nimbleness. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Legged

LEG'GED, adjective [from leg.] Having legs; used in composition; as a two-legged animal.

Leggin

LEG'GIN, noun [from leg.] A cover for the leg; a garment that incloses the leg.

Mackenzie.

Legibility

LEGIBIL'ITY, noun Legibleness; the quality or state of being legible.

Legible

LEG'IBLE, adjective [Latin legibilis, from lego, to read.]

1. That may be read; consisting of letters or figures that may be distinguished by the eye; as a fair, legible manuscript.

2. That may be discovered or understood by apparent marks or indications. The thoughts of men are often legible in their countenances.

Legibleness

LEG'IBLENESS, noun The quality or state of being legible.

Legibly

LEG'IBLY, adverb In such a manner as may be read; as a manuscript legibly written.

Legion

LE'GION, noun [Latin legio, from lego, to collect.]

1. In Roman antiquity, a body of infantry consisting of different numbers of men at different periods, from three to five thousand. Each legion was divided into ten cohorts, each cohort into ten companies, and each company into two centuries.

Encyc.

2. A military force; military bands.

Shak.

3. A great number.

Where one sin has entered, legions will force their way through the same breach.

Rogers.

My name is legion, for we are many. Mark 5.

Legionary

LE'GIONARY, adjective Relating to a legion or to legions.

2. Consisting of a legion or of legions; as a legionary force.

3. Containing a great number; as a legionary body of errors.

Brown.

Legionary

LE'GIONARY, noun One of a legion.

Milton.

Legislate

LEG'ISLATE, verb intransitive [Latin lex, legis, law, and fero, latum, to give, pass or enact.]

To make or enact a law or laws. It is a question whether it is expedient to legislate at present on the subject. Let us not legislate, when we have no power to enforce our laws.

Legislation

LEGISLA'TION, noun [French] The act of passing a law or laws; the enacting of laws.

Pythagoras joined legislation to his philosophy.

Littleton.

Legislative

LEG'ISLATIVE, adjective [French legislatif.] Giving or enacting laws; as a legislative body.

2. Capable of enacting laws; as legislative power.

3. Pertaining to the enacting of laws; suitable to laws; as the legislative style.

4. Done by enacting; as a legislative act.

[Note. In this word, and in legislator, legislatrix, legislature, the accent is nearly equal on the first and third syllables, and a, in the third, has its first or long sound.]

Legislator

LEGISLA'TOR, noun [Latin] A lawgiver; one who makes laws for a state or community. This word is limited in its use to a supreme lawgiver, the lawgiver of a sovereign state or kingdom, and is not applied to men that make the by-laws of a subordinate corporation.

Legislatorship

LEGISLA'TORSHIP, noun The office of a legislator. [Not in use.]

Halifax.

Legislatress

LEGISLA'TRESS, or LEGISLA'TRIX, noun A female who makes laws.

Tooke.

Legislature

LEG'ISLATURE, noun [Spanish legislatura.] The body of men in a state or kingdom, invested with power to make and repeal laws; the supreme power of a state. The legislature of Great Britain consists of the house of lords and the house of commons with the king, whose sanction is necessary to every bill before it becomes a law. The legislatures of most of the states in America, consist of two houses or branches, but the sanction of the governor is required to give their acts the force of law, or a concurrence of two thirds of the two houses, after he has declined and assigned his objections.

Legist

LE'GIST, noun One skilled in the laws.

Marston.

Legitimacy

LEGIT'IMACY, noun [from legitimate.] Lawfulness of birth; opposed to bastardy.

Ayliffe.

2. Genuineness; opposed to spuriousness. The legitimacy of his conclusions is not to be questioned.

Legitimate

LEGIT'IMATE, adjective [French legitime; Latin legitimus; from lex, law.]

1. Lawfully begotten or born; born in wedlock; as legitimate heirs or children.

2. Genuine; real; proceeding from a pure source; not false or spurious; as legitimate arguments or inferences.

Legitimate

LEGIT'IMATE, verb transitive [French legitimer; Spanish legitimar; Italian legittimare.]

1. To make lawful.

2. To render legitimate; to communicate the rights of a legitimate child to one that is illegitimate; to invest with the rights of a lawful heir.

Ayliffe.

Legitimately

LEGIT'IMATELY, adverb Lawfully; according to law.

2. Genuinely; not falsely.

Dryden.

Legitimateness

LEGIT'IMATENESS, noun Legality; lawfulness; genuineness.

Legitimation

LEGITIMA'TION, noun [French] The act of rendering legitimate, or of investing an illegitimate child with the rights of one born in wedlock.

2. Lawful birth. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Legume

LEG'UME, or LEGU'MEN, noun [Latin legumen; French legume; probably from Latin lego, to collect, and signifying that which collects, or holds, or a collection.]

In botany, a pericarp or seed-vessel, of two valves, in which the seeds are fixed to one suture only. In the latter circumstance it differs from a siliqua, in which the seeds are attached to both sutures. In popular use, a legume is called a pod, or a cod; as a pea-pod, or peas-cod.

Martyn.

2. In the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c.

Leguminous

LEGU'MINOUS, adjective Pertaining to pulse; consisting of pulse. Leguminous plants are such as have a legume for a pericarp, as peas and beans.

Leisurable

LEIS'URABLE, a. s as z. [See Leisure.] Vacant of employment; not occupied; as leisurable hours. [Little used.]

Brown.

Leisurably

LEIS'URABLY, adverb At leisure; without hurry. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Leisure

LEISURE, n. lezh'ur or lee'zhur. [French loisir. This is doubtless from the same root as Swedish and Danish ledig, void, empty, vacant, free, eased; Swedish ledighet, Danish ledighed, leisure.]

1. Freedom from occupation or business; vacant time; time free from employment.

The desire of leisure is much more natural than of business and care.

Temple.

I shall leave with him that rebuke to be considered at his leisure.

Locke.

2. Convenience of time.

He sigh'd, and had no leisure more to say. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Leisurely

LEIS'URELY, adjective Done at leisure; not hasty; deliberate; slow; as a leisurely walk or march; a leisurely survey of life.

Leisurely

LEIS'URELY, adverb Not in haste or hurry; slowly; at leisure; deliberately.

We descended very leisurely, my friend being careful to count the steps.

Addison.

Leman

LE'MAN, noun [probably contracted from lifman, leveman; Saxon leof, loved, and man. See Love and Lief.]

A sweetheart; a gallant, or a mistress. Obs.

Chaucer. Spenser. Shak.

Leme

LEME, noun [Saxon leoma.] A ray of light. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Leme

LEME, verb intransitive To shine. Obs.

Lemma

LEM'MA, noun [Greek, from, to receive.]

In mathematics, a previous proposition proved, or a proposition demonstrated for the purpose of being used in the demonstration of some other proposition. It is therefore a received truth.

Day.

Lemming

LEM'MING, or LE'MING, noun A species of animal belonging to the genus Mus; a kind of rat, in the north of Europe, which sometimes migrates from north to south in immense numbers.

Encyc.

Lemnian earth, or sphragide, from the isle of Lemnos, in the Egean sea, a kind of astringent medicinal earth, of a fatty consistence and reddish color, used in the same cases as bole. It has the external appearance of clay, with a smooth surface resembling agate, especially in recent fractures. It removes impurities like soap.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Lemniscate

LEM'NISCATE, noun [Latin lemniscus, a ribin; lemniscatus, adorned with ribins.] A curve in the form of the figure 8.

Lemon

LEM'ON, noun [French Spanish limon; Italian limone. This word is found in the Arabic of Avicenna, and in the Amharic dialect of Ethiopia, we find lime or lome, the same word.]

1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Citrus, which grows in warm climates. This fruit furnishes a cooling acid juice, which forms an ingredient in some of our most delicious liquors.

2. Lemon or lemon tree, the tree that produces lemons.

Lemonade

LEMONA'DE, noun [French limonade; Spanish limonada; from limon.]

A liquor consisting of lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened.

Lemur

LE'MUR, noun [Latin] A genus of quadrupeds, the Makis, natives of Africa and the East Indies.

Lemures

LE'MURES, noun [Latin] Hobgoblins; evil spirits. [Not English.]

Lend

LEND, verb transitive pret. and pp. lent. [Saxon loenan; Swedish l?na; Danish laaner; German leihen; Dutch leenen. Lend is a corrupt orthography of len, or loan, or derived from it. See Loan.]

1. To grant to another for temporary use, on the express or implied condition that the thing shall be returned; as, to lend a book; or

2. To grant a thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in kind shall be returned; as, to lend a sum of money, or a loaf of bread.

3. To afford; to grant; to furnish, in general; as, to lend assistance; to lend an ear to a discourse.

Cato, lend me for a while thy patience.

Addison.

4. To grant for temporary use, on condition of receiving a compensation at certain periods for the use of the thing, and an ultimate return of the thing, or its full value. Thus money is lent on condition of receiving interest for the use, and of having the principal sum returned at the stipulated time. Lend is correlative to borrow.

5. To permit to use for another's benefit. A lent his name to obtain money from the bank.

6. To let for hire or compensation; as, to lend a horse or gig. [This sense is used by Paley, and probably may be common in England. But in the United States, I believe, the word is never thus used, except in reference to money. We lend money upon interest, but never lend a coach or horse for a compensation. We use let.]

Lendable

LEND'ABLE, adjective That may be lent.

Sherwood.

Lender

LEND'ER, noun One who lends.

The borrower is servant to the lender. Proverbs 22.

2. One who makes a trade of putting money to interest.

Bacon. Dryden.

Lending

LEND'ING, participle of the present tense Granting for temporary use. [See Lend.]

Lending

LEND'ING, noun The act of loaning.

2. That which is lent or furnished.

Shak.

Lends

LENDS, noun [Saxon] Loins. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Length

LENGTH, noun [Saxon lengthe, from leng, long; Dutch lengte.]

1. The extent of any thing material from end to end; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides; as the length of a church or of a ship; the length of a rope or line.

2. Extent; extension.

Stretch'd at his length he spurns the swarthy ground.

Dryden.

3. A certain extent; a portion of space; with a plural.

Large lengths of seas and shoresÃ‚--

Shak.

4. Space of time; duration, indefinitely; as a great length of time. What length of time will this enterprise require for its accomplishment?

5. Long duration.

May heaven, great monarch, still augment your bliss,

With length of days, and every day like this.

Dryden.

6. Reach or extent; as, to pursue a subject to a great length.

7. Extent; as the length of a discourse, essay, or argument.

8. Distance.

He had marched to the length of Exeter. [Unusual and inelegant.]

Clarendon.

At length, at or in the full extent. Let the name be inserted at length.

2. At last; at the end or conclusion.

Dryden.

Length

LENGTH, verb transitive To extend. [Not used.]

Lengthen

LENGTH'EN, v. t. length'n. To extend in length; to make longer; to elongate; as, to lengthen a line.

2. To draw out or extend in time; to protract; to continue in duration; as, to lengthen life. The days lengthen from December to June.

3. To extend; as, to lengthen a discourse or a dissertation.

4. To draw out in pronunciation; as, to lengthen a sound or a syllable. This verb is often followed by out, which may be sometimes emphatical, but in general is useless.

What if I please to lengthen out his date?

Dryden.

Lengthen

LENGTH'EN, verb intransitive To grow longer; to extend in length. A hempen rope contracts when wet, and lengthens when dry.

Lengthened

LENGTH'ENED, participle passive Made longer; drawn out in length; continued in duration.

Lengthening

LENGTH'ENING, participle of the present tense Making longer; extending in length or in duration.

Lengthening

LENGTH'ENING, noun Continuation; protraction. Danish iv.

Lengthful

LENGTH'FUL, adjective Of great length in measure.

Pope.

Lengthwise

LENGTH'WISE, adverb In the direction of the length; in a longitudinal direction.

Lengthy

LENGTH'Y, adjective Being long or moderately long; not short; not brief; applied mostly to moral subjects, as to discourses, writings, arguments, proceedings, &c.; as a lengthy sermon; a lengthy dissertation; a lengthy detail.

Lengthy periods.

Washington's Letter to Plater.

No ministerial act in France, in matters of judicial cognizance, is done without a proces verbal, in which the facts are stated amidst a great deal of lengthy formality, with a degree of minuteness, highly profitable to the verbalizing officers and to the revenue.

Am. Review, Ap. Oct. 1811.

P. S. Murray has sent or will send a double copy of the Bride and Giaour; in the last one, some lengthy additions; pray accept them, according to old customsÃ‚--

Lord Byron's Letter to Dr. Clarke, Dec. 13, 1813.

Chalmers' Political Annals, in treating of South CarolinaÃ‚--is by no means as lengthy as Mr. Hewitt's History.

Drayton's View of South Carolina.

Lenient

LE'NIENT, adjective [Latin leniens, from lenio, lenis, soft, mild; Arabic laina, to be soft, or smooth. Class Ln. No 4. The primary sense probably is smooth, or to make smooth, and blandus may be of the same family.]

1. Softening; mitigating; assuasive.

Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand,

Yet tames not this.

Pope.

Sometimes with of; as lenient of grief.

Milton.

2. Laxative; emollient.

Oils relax the fibers, are lenient, balsamicÃ‚--

Arbuthnot.

Lenient

LE'NIENT, noun That which softens or assuages; an emollient.

Wiseman.

Lenify

LEN'IFY, verb transitive To assuage; to soften; to mitigate. [Little used.]

Bacon. Dryden.

Leniment

LEN'IMENT, noun An assuasive. [Not used.]

Lenitive

LEN'ITIVE, adjective [Italian lenitivo; French lenitif; from Latin lenio, to soften.]

Having the quality of softening or mitigating, as pain or acrimony; assuasive; emollient.

Bacon. Arbuthnot.

Lenitive

LEN'ITIVE, noun A medicine or application that has the quality of easing pain; that which softens or mitigates.

2. A palliative; that which abates passion.

South.

Lenity

LEN'ITY, noun [Latin lenitas, from lenis, mild, soft.]

Mildness of temper; softness; tenderness; mercy. Young offenders may be treated with lenity. It is opposed to severity and rigor.

Lens

LENS, noun plu. lenses. [L lens, a Ientil.] A transparent substance, usually glass, so formed that rays of light passing through it are made to change their direction, and to magnify or diminish objects at a certain distance. Lenses are double-convex, or convex on both sides; double-concave, or concave on both sides; plano-convex, or plano-concave, that is, with one side plane, and the other convex or concave; or convex on one side and concave on the other: the latter is called a meniscus.

Encyc.

Lent

LENT, participle passive of lend.

Lent

LENT, noun [Saxon lencten, spring, lent, from leng, long; lenegan, to lengthen; so called from the lengthening of the days.]

The quadragesimal fast, or fast of forty days, observed by the christian church before Easter, the festival of our Savior's resurrection. It begins at Ash-Wednesday, and continues till Easter.

Lenten

LENT'EN, adjective Pertaining to lent; used in lent; sparing; as a lenten entertainment; a lenten sallad.

Shak.

Lenticular

LENTIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin lenticularis, from lens, supra.]

1. Resembling a lentil.

2. Having the form of a lens; lentiform.

Lenticularly

LENTIC'ULARLY, adverb In the manner of a lens; with a curve.

Lenticulite

LENTIC'ULITE, noun A petrified shell.

Lentiform

LENT'IFORM, adjective [Latin lens and forma, form.] Of the form of a lens.

Lentiginous

LENTIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin lentigo, a freckle, from Latin lens.] Freckly; scurfy; furfuraceous.

Lentigo

LENTI'GO, noun A freckly eruption on the skin.

Lentil

LEN'TIL, noun [French lentille, from Latin lens.] A plant of the genus Ervum. It is an annual plant, rising with weak stalks about 18 inches. The seeds, which are contained in a pod, are round, flat, and a little convex in the middle. It is cultivated for fodder, and for its seeds.

Encyc.

Lentisk

LEN'TISK, or LENTIS'CUS, noun [French lentisque; Italian lentischio; Spanish lentisco; Latin lentiscus.]

A tree of the genus Pistacia, the mastich-tree, a native of Arabia, Persia, Syria, and the south of Europe. The wood is of a pale brown, resinous and fragrant. [See Mastich.]

Lentitude

LENT'ITUDE, noun [Latin lentus, slow.] Slowness. [Not used.]

Dict.

Lentner

LENT'NER, noun A kind of hawk.

Walton.

Lentor

LENT'OR, noun [Latin from lentus, slow, tough, clammy; French lenteur.]

1. Tenacity; viscousness.

Bacon.

2. Slowness; delay; sluggishness.

Arbuthnot.

3. Siziness; thickness of fluids; viscidity; a term used in the humoral pathology.

Coxe. Quincy.

Lentous

LENT'OUS, adjective [Latin lentus, slow, thick.] Viscid; viscous; tenacious.

Brown.

Lenzinite

LEN'ZINITE, noun [from Lenzius, a German mineralogist.]

A mineral of two kinds, the opaline and argillaceous; a variety of clay, occurring usually in small masses of the size of a nut.

Cleaveland. Phillips.

Leo

LE'O, noun [Latin] The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac.

Leonine

LE'ONINE, adjective [Latin leoninus, from leo, lion.] Belonging to a lion; resembling a lion, or partaking of his qualities; as leonine fierceness or rapacity.

Leonine verses, so named from Leo, the inventor, are those, the end of which rhymes with the middle; as,

Gloria factorum temere conceditur horum.

Johnson.

Leoninely

LE'ONINELY, adverb In the manner of a lion.

Harris.

Leopard

LEOPARD, n. lep'ard. [Latin leo, lion, and pardus, pard, Greek, from Hebrew to separate, that is, spotted, broken into spots.]

A rapacious quadruped of the genus Felis. It differs from the panther and the once in the beauty of its color, which is of a lively yellow, with smaller spots than those of the two latter, and disposed in groups. It is larger than the once and less than the panther. This animal is found in Africa and Asia, and so rapacious as to spare neither man nor beast.

Encyc.

Leopards-Bane

LEOP'ARD'S-BANE, noun A plant of the genus Doronicum. The German Leopard's-bane is of the genus Arnica.

Lee.

Leper

LEP'ER, noun [Latin lepra, leprosy, French lepre, Irish lobhar, Greek.] A person affected with leprosy.

Lepid

LEP'ID, adjective [Latin lepidus.] Pleasant; jocose. [Little used.]

Lepidolite

LEP'IDOLITE, noun [Greek, a scale.] A mineral found in scaly masses, ordinarily of a violet or lilac color; allied to mica.

Dict.

Lepidolite is of a peach-blossom red color, sometimes gray; massive and in small concretions. On account of its beautiful color, it has been cut into snuff-boxes. It is sometimes called lilalite.

Jameson. Ure.

Lepidopter

LEP'IDOPTER, or LEPIDOP'TERA, noun [Greek, a scale, and, a wing.] The Lepidopters are an order of insects having four wings covered with fine scales, like powder, as the butterfly.

Lepidopteral

LEPIDOP'TERAL, adjective Belonging to the order of Lepidopters.

Leporine

LEP'ORINE, adjective [Latin leporinus, from lepus, a hare. Qu. the Teutonic leap, to run.]

Pertaining to a hare; having the nature or qualities of the hare.

Johnson.

Leprosity

LEPROS'ITY, noun Squamousness. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Leprosy

LEP'ROSY, noun [See Leper.] A foul cutaneous disease, appearing in dry, white, thin, scurfy scabs, attended with violent itching. It sometimes covers the whole body, rarely the face. One species of it is called elephantiasis.

Encyc.

The term leprosy is applied to two very distinct diseases, the scaly and the tuberculated, or the proper leprosy and the elephantiasis. The former is characterized by smooth laminated scales, sometimes livid, but usually whitish; in the latter, the skin is thickened, livid and tuberculated. It is called the black leprosy, but this term is also applied to the livid variety of the scaly leprosy.

Good.

Leprous

LEP'ROUS, adjective [French lepreux. See Leper.] Infected with leprosy; covered with white scales.

His hand was leprous as snow. Exodus 4.

Leprously

LEP'ROUSLY, adverb In an infectious degree.

Lere

LERE, noun Learning; lesson; lore. Obs.

Spenser.

Lere

LERE, verb transitive To learn; to teach. Obs.

Chaucer.

Lesion

LE'SION, n. le'zhun. [Latin loesio, from loedo, to hurt.]

A hurting; hurt; wound; injury.

Rush.

Less

LESS, for unless. [Not in use.]

Less

LESS, a terminating syllable of many nouns and some adjectives, is the Saxon leas, Gothic laus, belonging to the verb lysan, lausyan, to loose, free, separate. Hence it is a privative word, denoting destitution; as a witless man, a man destitute of wit; childless, without children; fatherless; faithless; pennyless; lawless, &c.

Less

LESS, adjective [Saxon loes; perhaps allied to Danish liser, to abate, to lessen, to relieve, to ease. Less has the sense of the comparative degree of little.]

Smaller; not so large or great; as a less quantity or number; a horse of less size or value. We are all destined to suffer affliction in a greater or less degree.

Less

LESS, adverb Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree; as less bright or loud; less beautiful; less obliging; less careful. The less a man praises himself, the more disposed are others to praise him.

Less

LESS, noun Not so much.

They gathered some more, some less. Exodus 16.

2. An inferior.

The less is blessed by the better. Hebrews 7.

Less

LESS, verb transitive To make less. [Not in use.]

Gower

Lessee

LESSEE', noun [from lease.] The person to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by lease.

Blackstone.

Lessen

LESS'EN, v. t. les'n. [from less.] To make less; to diminish; to reduce in bulk, size, quantity, number or amount; to make smaller; as, to lessen a kingdom or its population.

2. To diminish in degree, state or quality; as, awkward manners tend to lessen our respect for men of merit.

3. To degrade; to reduce in dignity.

St. Paul chose to magnify his office, when ill men conspired to lessen it.

Atterbury.

Lessen

LESS'EN, v. i. les'n. To become less; to shrink; to contract in bulk, quantity, number or amount; to be diminished. The apparent magnitude of objects lessens as we recede from them.

2. To become less in degree, quality or intensity; to decrease. The strength of the body, and the vivacity of the temper usually lessen as we advance in age.

Lessened

LESS'ENED, participle passive Made smaller; diminished.

Lessening

LESS'ENING, participle of the present tense Reducing in bulk, amount or degree; degrading.

Lesser

LESS'ER, adjective [Saxon loessa, loesse, from loes. This word is a corruption; but too well established to be discarded.]

Less; smaller. Authors always write the Lesser Asia.

By the same reason, may a man in a state of nature, punish the lesser breaches of that law.

Locke.

God made the lesser light to rule the night. Genesis 1.

Lesson

LES'SON, n. les'n. [This word we probably have received from the French leÃƒ-§on, Latin lectio, from lego, to read, French lire, lisant; Spanish leccion; Italian lezione; Swedish lexa; and not from the Dutch leezen, German lesen, to read.]

1. Any thing read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner for improvement; or such a portion of a book as a pupil learns and repeats at one time. The instructor is pleased when his pupils recite their lessons with accuracy and promptness.

2. A portion of Scripture read in divine service. Thus endeth the first lesson.

3. A portion of a book or manuscript assigned by a preceptor to a pupil to be learnt, or for an exercise; something to be learnt. Give him his lesson.

4. Precept; doctrine or notion inculcated.

Be not jealous over the wife of thy bosom, and teach her not an evil lesson against thyself.

Ecclus.

5. Severe lecture; reproof; rebuke.

She would give her a lesson for walking so late.

Sidney.

6. Tune written for an instrument.

Davies.

7. Instruction or truth, taught by experience. The lessons which sickness imparts, she leaves to be practiced when health is established.

Lesson

LES'SON, v. t. les'n. To teach; to instruct.

Children should be lessoned into a contempt and detestation of this vice.

L'Estrange.

Lessoned

LES'SONED, participle passive Taught; instructed.

Lessoning

LES'SONING, participle of the present tense Teaching.

Lessor

LES'SOR, noun [from lease.] One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease.

Blackstone.

Lest

LEST, con. [from the Saxon leas, Gothic laus, loose, separate. In Saxon it was preceded by the, the leas, that less, that not, ne forte. Hence it denotes a loosing or separation, and hence it comes to express prevention.] That not; for fear that.

Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. Genesis 3.

The phrase may be thus explained. Ye shall not touch it; that separated or dismissed, ye die. That here refers to the preceding command or sentence; that being removed or not observed, the fact being not so, ye will die.

Sin no more, lest a worse thing come to thee. John 5.

Sin no more; that fact not taking place, a worse thing will happen to thee.

Let

LET, verb transitive pret. and pp. let. Letted is obsolete. [Saxon loetan, letan, Gothic letan, to permit, to hinder, to dismiss or send away to let go, to leave, to admit, to think or suppose, to dissemble, to retard, to be late or slow, to dally or trifle, to lease or let out; letan aweg, to let away, to throw; Welsh lluz, hinderance; lluziaw, to hinder; Dutch laaten, to permit, to suffer, to give, to leave, to loose, to put, to stow; German lassen, to let, to permit, grant, allow, suffer; verlassen, to forsake; unterlassen, to cease, to forbear; Swedish l?ta, to permit; Danish lader, to let, permit, allow, grant, suffer, give leave. But in the four latter dialects, there is another verb, which corresponds with let in some of its significations; Dutch lyden, German leiden, Swedish lida, Danish lider, to suffer, endure, undergo, to permit. With this verb corresponds the English late, Dutch laat, Swedish lat, Danish lad, slothful, lazy; and the German lass, feeble, lazy, coincides with lassen, supra, and this may be the lazy. To let out, like Latin elocare, is to lease, French laisser. Let is the French laisser, in a different dialect. By the German and Welsh it appears that the last radical may have originally been th, ts or tz, or other compound. See Class Ld. No. 2. 15. 19. 23. 32. and Class Ls. No. 30.]

1. To permit; to allow; to suffer; to give leave or power by a positive act, or negatively, to withhold restraint; not to prevent. A leaky ship lets water enter into the hold. Let is followed by the infinitive without the sign to.

Pharaoh said, I will let you go. Exodus 8.

When the ship was caught and could not bear up into the wind, we let her drive. Acts 27.

2. To lease; to grant possession and use for a compensation; as, to let to farm; to let an estate for a year; to let a room to lodgers; often followed by out, as, to let out a farm; but the use of out is unnecessary.

3. To suffer; to permit; with the usual sign of the infinitive.

There's a letter for you, Sir, if your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. In the imperative mode, let has the following uses. Followed by the first and third persons, it expresses desire or wish; hence it is used in prayer and entreaty to superiors, and to those who have us in their power; as, let me not wander from thy commandments. Psalm 119.

Followed by the first person plural, let expresses exhortation or entreaty; as, rise, let us go.

Followed by the third person, it implies permission or command addressed to an inferior. Let him go, let them remain, are commands addressed to the second person. Let thou, or let ye, that is, do thou or you permit him to go.

Sometimes let is used to express a command or injunction to a third person. When the signal is given to engage, let every man do his duty.

When applied to things not rational, it implies allowance or concession.

O'er golden sands let rich Pactolus flow.

Pope.

5. To retard; to hinder; to impede; to interpose obstructions. 2 Thess. 2.

[This sense is now obsolete, or nearly so.]

To let alone, to leave; to suffer to remain without intermeddling; as, let alone this idle project; let me alone.

To let down, to permit to sink or fall; to lower.

She let them down by a cord through the window. Joshua 2.

To let loose, to free from restraint; to permit to wander at large.

To let in or into, to permit or suffer to enter; to admit. Open the door, let in my friend. We are not let into the secrets of the cabinet.

To let blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow out.

To let out, to suffer to escape; also, to lease or let to hire.

To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an arrow; or cause to explode, as a gun.

Let

LET, verb intransitive To forbear. Obs.

Bacon.

Let

LET, noun A retarding; hinderance; obstacle; impediment; delay. [Obsolete, unless in some technical phrases.]

Let

LET, a termination of diminutives; as hamlet, a little house; rivulet, a small stream. [Saxon lyt, small, less, few. See Little.]

Lethal

LE'THAL, adjective [Latin lethalis, mortal, from Greek, oblivion.] Deadly; mortal; fatal.

Richardson.

Lethality

LETHAL'ITY, noun Mortality.

Akins.

Lethargic

LETHAR'GIC, or LETHAR'GICAL, adjective [Latin lethargicus; French lethargique.] Preternaturally inclined to sleep; drowsy; dull; heavy.

Arbuthnot.

Lethargically

LETHAR'GICALLY, adverb In a morbid sleepiness.

Lethargicalness

LETHAR'GICALNESS, or LETHAR'GICNESS, noun Preternatural or morbid sleepiness or drowsiness.

More. Herbert.

Lethargied

LETH'ARGIED, participle passive or adjective Laid asleep; entranced.

Shak.

Lethargy

LETH'ARGY, noun [Latin lethargia; Greek; oblivion, and, idle.]

1. Preternatural sleepiness; morbid drowsiness; continued or profound sleep, from which a person can scarcely be awaked, and if awaked, remains stupid.

2. Dullness; inaction; inattention.

Europe lay then under a deep lethargy.

Atterbury.

Lethargy

LETH'ARGY, verb transitive To make lethargic or dull.

Churchill.

Lethe

LE'THE, n. le'thee. [Greek, forgetfulness; Latin lateo, to be hid.] Oblivion; a draught of oblivion.

Milton.

Lethean

LETHE'AN, adjective Inducing forgetfulness or oblivion.

Lempriere. As. Res.

Lethiferous

LETHIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lethum, death, and fero, to bring.]

Deadly; mortal; bringing death or destruction.

Robinson.

Letter

LET'TER, noun [from let.] One who permits.

2. One who retards or hinders.

3. One who gives vent; as a blood-letter.

Letter

LET'TER, noun [French lettre; Italian lettera; Latin litera; Welsh llythyr.]

1. A mark or character, written, printed, engraved or painted; used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech. By sounds, and articulations or closures of the organs, are formed syllables and words. Hence a letter is the first element of written language, as a simple sound is the first element of spoken language or speech. As sounds are audible and communicate ideas to others by the ear, so letters are visible representatives of sounds, and communicate the thoughts of others by means of the eye.

2. A written or printed message; an epistle; a communication made by visible characters from one person to another at a distance.

The style of letters ought to be free, easy and natural.

Walsh.

3. The verbal expression; the literal meaning.

We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law, and the intentions of the lawgiver.

Taylor.

4. Type; a character formed of metal or wood, usually of metal, and used in printing books.

5. Letters, in the plural, learning; erudition; as a man of letters.

Dead letter, a writing or precept, which is without authority or force. The best law may become a dead letter.

Letter of attorney, a writing by which one person authorizes another to act in his stead.

Letter of marque, a private ship commissioned or authorized by a government to make reprisals on the ships of another state. [See Marque.]

Letters patent, or overt, open, a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as letters patent under the seal of England.

Letter

LET'TER, verb transitive To impress or form letters on; as, to letter a book; a book gilt and lettered.

Letter-Case

LET'TER-CASE, noun A case or book to put letters in.

Lettered

LET'TERED, participle passive Stamped with letters.

Lettered

LET'TERED, adjective Literate; educated; versed in literature or science.

Collier.

2. Belonging to learning; suiting letters.

Letter-Founder

LET'TER-FOUNDER, noun One who casts letters; a type-founder.

Lettering

LET'TERING, participle of the present tense Impressing or forming letters on; as lettering a book on the cover.

Letterless

LET'TERLESS, adjective Illiterate; unlettered; not learned.

Waterland.

Letter-Press

LET'TER-PRESS, noun [letter and press.] Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types.

Lettuce

LETTUCE, n. let'tis. [French laitue; Italian lattuga; Spanish techuga; Armoric lactuzen; German lattich; Dutch latuw; from Latin lactuca, according to Varro, from lac, milk.]

A genus of plants, the Lactuca, of many species, some of which are used as sallads.

Leucin

LEU'CIN, or LEU'CINE, noun [Greek, white.] A peculiar white pulverulent substance obtained from beef-fibers, treated with sulphuric acid, and afterwards with alcohol.

Braconnet. Webster's Manual.

Leucite

LEU'CITE, noun [Greek, white.] A stony substance, so called from its whiteness, found among volcanic productions in Italy, in crystals, or in irregular masses; formerly called crystals of white shorl, or white granite or granilite.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

HaÃƒ-¼y calls this mineral, amphigene. It is called by some writers leucolite, and by others, dodecahedral zeolite.

Leuco-Ethiopic

LEUCO-ETHIOP'IC, adjective [Greek, white, and, black.]

White and black; designating a white animal of a black species, or the albino.

Lawrence.

Leucophlegmacy

LEUCOPHLEG'MACY, noun [Greek, white, and, phlegm.]

A dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasarca; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats.

Coxe. Parr. Arbuthnot.

Leucophlegmatic

LEUCOPHLEGMAT'IC, adjective Having a dropsical habit of body with a white bloated skin.

Leucothiop

LEUCO'THIOP, noun [See Leuco-ethiopic.] An albino; a white man of a black race.

Leuthrite

LEU'THRITE, noun [from Leuthra, in Saxony.]

A substance that appears to be a recomposed rock, of a loose texture, gritty and harsh to the touch. Its color is a grayish white, tinged here and there with an ocherous brown. It includes small fragments of mica.

Phillips.

Levant

LE'VANT, adjective [French levant, rising, from lever, Latin levo.]

Eastern; denoting the part of the hemisphere where the sun rises.

Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds.

Milton.

Levant

LEVANT', noun [Italian levante, the East, supra.] Properly, a country to the eastward; but appropriately, the countries of Turkey, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, &c. which are washed by the Mediterranean and its contiguous waters.

Levantine

LEV'ANTINE, adjective Pertaining to the Levant.

D'Anville.

2. Designating a particular kind of silk cloth.

Levantine

LEV'ANTINE, noun A particular kind of silk cloth.

Levator

LEVA'TOR, noun [Latin from levo, to raise.] In anatomy, a muscle that serves to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid.

2. A surgical instrument used to raise a depressed part of the skull.

Wiseman.

Leve

LEVE, for believe. Obs.

Gower.

Levee

LEV'EE, noun [French from lever, to raise, Latin levo.]

1. The time of rising.

2. The concourse of persons who visit a prince or great personage in the morning.

Johnson.

3. A bank or causey, particularly along a river to prevent inundation; as the levees along the Mississippi.

Level

LEV'EL, adjective [Saxon loefe, id.; Welsh llyvn, smooth, even, level, sleek, slippery; llyvelu, to level, to render uniform, to devise, invent, guess; llyvnu, to make smooth. This seems to be connected with llyvu, to lick. So like, Dutch gelyk, German gleich, is smooth, even, level, equal, coinciding with sleek. The Latin libella, libra, belong to this root; Italian livella.]

1. Horizontal; coinciding with the plane of the horizon. To be perfectly level is to be exactly horizontal.

2. Even; flat; not having one part higher than another; not ascending or descending; as a level plain or field; level ground; a level floor or pavement. In common usage, level is often applied to surfaces that are not perfectly horizontal, but which have no inequalities of magnitude.

3. Even with any thing else; of the same highth; on the same line or plane.

4. Equal in rank or degree; having no degree of superiority.

Be level in preferments, and you will soon be as level in your learning.

Bentley.

Level

LEV'EL, verb transitive To make horizontal.

2. To make even; to reduce or remove inequalities of surface in any thing; as, to level a road or walk.

3. To reduce or bring to the same highth with something else.

And their proud structures level with the ground.

Sandys.

4. To lay flat; to reduce to an even surface or plain.

He levels mountains, and he raises plains.

Dryden.

5. To reduce to equality of condition, state or degree; as, to level all ranks and degrees of men.

6. To point, in taking aim; to elevate or depress so as to direct a missile weapon to an object; to aim; as, to level a cannon or musket.

7. To aim; to direct; as severe remarks leveled at the vices and follies of the age.

8. To suit; to proportion; as, to level observations to the capacity of children.

Level

LEV'EL, verb intransitive To accord; to agree; to suit. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To aim at; to point a gun or an arrow to the mark.

3. To aim at; to direct the view or purpose.

The glory of God and the good of his church, ought to be the mark at which we level.

Hooker.

4. To be aimed; to be in the same direction with the mark.

He raised it till he level'd right.

Butler.

5. To aim; to make attempts.

Ambitious York did level at thy crown.

Shak.

6. To conjecture; to attempt to guess. [Not used.]

Shak.

Level

LEV'EL, noun A horizontal line, or a plane; a surface without inequalities.

Hale.

2. Rate; standard; usual elevation; customary highth; as the ordinary level of the world.

3. Equal elevation with something else; a state of equality.

Providence, for the most part, sets us on a level.

Spectator.

4. The line of direction in which a missile weapon is aimed.

5. An instrument in mechanics by which to find or draw a horizontal line, as in setting buildings, or in making canals and drains. The instruments for these purposes are various; as the air level, the carpenter's level, the mason's level, and the gunner's level.

6. Rule; plan; scheme: borrowed from the mechanic's level.

Be the fair level of thy actions laidÃ‚--

Prior.

Leveled

LEV'ELED, participle passive Reduced to a plane; made even.

2. Reduced to an equal state, condition or rank.

3. Reduced to an equality with something else.

4. Elevated or depressed to a right line towards something; pointed to an object; directed to a mark.

5. Suited; proportioned.

Leveler

LEV'ELER, noun One that levels or makes even.

2. One that destroys or attempts to destroy distinctions, and reduce to equality.

Leveling

LEV'ELING, participle of the present tense Making level or even.

2. Reducing to an equality of condition.

Leveling

LEV'ELING, noun The art or practice of finding a horizontal line, or of ascertaining the different elevations of objects on the surface of the earth; in other words, the difference in the distance of objects from the center of the earth.

Encyc.

Levelness

LEV'ELNESS, noun Evenness; equality of surface.

2. Equality with something else.

Leven

LEVEN. [See Leaven.]

Leven

LEV'EN, noun [Saxon hlifian.] Lightning. Obs.

Chaucer.

Lever

LEV'ER, noun [French levier; Italian leva; from lever, levare, Latin levo, to raise.]

In mechanics, a bar of metal, wood, or other substance, turning on a support called the fulcrum or prop. Its arms are equal, as in the balance; or unequal, as in steelyards. It is one of the mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, viz. 1. When the fulcrum is between the weight and the power, as in the handspike, crowbar, &c. 2. When the weight is between the power and the fulcrum, as in rowing a boat. 3. When the power is between the weight and the fulcrum, as in raising a ladder from the ground, by applying the hands to one of the lower rounds. The bones of animals are levers of the third kind.

Leveret

LEV'ERET, noun [French lievret, from lievre, a hare.] A hare in the first year of her age.

Leverock

LEV'EROCK, noun A bird, a lark. [See Lark.]

Johnson.

Levet

LEV'ET, noun [Qu. French lever, to raise.] A blast of a trumpet; probably that by which soldiers are called in the morning. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Leviable

LEV'IABLE, adjective [from levy.] That may be levied; that may be assessed and collected; as sums leviable by course of law.

Bacon.

Leviathan

LEVI'ATHAN, noun [Hebrew.] An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job 100h. xli, and mentioned in other passages of Scripture. In Isaiah 1t is called the crooked serpent. It is not agreed what animal is intended by the writers, whether the crocodile, the whale, or a species of serpent.

2. The whale, or a great whale.

Milton.

Levigate

LEV'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin loevigo, from loevis, smooth, Greek.]

1. In pharmacy and chimistry, to rub or grind to a fine impalpable powder; to make fine, soft and smooth.

2. To plane; to polish.

Barrow.

Levigate

LEV'IGATE, adjective Made smooth.

Levigated

LEV'IGATED, participle passive Reduced to a fine impalpable powder.

Levigating

LEV'IGATING, participle of the present tense Rendering very fine, soft and smooth, by grinding or rubbing.

Levigation

LEVIGA'TION, noun The act or operation of grinding or rubbing a solid substance to a fine impalpable powder.

Encyc.

Levitation

LEVITA'TION, noun [Latin levis, levitas.] Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light.

Levite

LE'VITE, noun [from Levi, one of the sons of Jacob.]

One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; more particularly, an officer in the Jewish church, who was employed in manual service, as in bringing wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices. The Levites also sung and played on instruments of music. They were subordinate to the priests, the descendants of Aaron, who was also of the family of Levi.

Encyc.

Levitical

LEVIT'ICAL, adjective Belonging to the Levites, or descendants of Levi; as the levitical law, the law given by Moses, which prescribed the duties and rights of the priests and Levites, and regulated the civil and religious concerns of the Jews.

2. Priestly.

Milton.

Levitically

LEVIT'ICALLY, adverb After the manner of the Levites.

Leviticus

LEVIT'ICUS, noun [from Levi, Levite.] A canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the laws and regulations which relate to the priests and Levites among the Jews, or the body of the ceremonial law.

Levity

LEV'ITY, noun [Latin levitas, from levis, light; connected perhaps with lift.]

1. Lightness; the want of weight in a body, compared with another that is heavier. The ascent of a balloon in the air is owing to its levity, as the gas that fills it is lighter than common air.

2. Lightness of temper or conduct; inconstancy; changeableness; unsteadiness; as the levity of youth.

Hooker.

3. Want of due consideration; vanity; freak. He never employed his omnipotence out of levity or ostentation.

4. Gayety of mind; want of seriousness; disposition to trifle. The spirit of religion and seriousness was succeeded by levity.

Levy

LEV'Y, verb transitive [French lever; Italian levare; Spanish levar; Latin levo; to lift.]

1. To raise; to collect. To levy troops, is to enlist or to order men into public service. To levy an army, is to collect troops and form an army by enrollment, conscription or other means.

2. To raise; to collect by assessment; as, to levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions.

To levy war, is to raise or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack.

Blackstone.

To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements.

Blackstone.

Levy

LEV'Y, noun The act of collecting men for military, or other public service, as by enlistment, enrollment or other means. 1 Kings 9.

2. Troops collected; an army raised. 1 Kings 5.

3. The act of collecting money for public use by tax or other imposition.

4. War raised. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Lew

LEW, adjective [Dutch laauw.] Tepid; lukewarm; pale; wan. Obs.

Lewd

LEWD, adjective [Welsh llodig, having a craving; llodi, to reach out, to crave; llodineb, lewdness; llawd, that shoots out or is growing, a lad; German luder, lewdness; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan to beget, to bring forth; Arabic, Ethiopic id.]

1. Given to the unlawful indulgence of lust; addicted to fornication or adultery; dissolute; lustful; libidinous. Ezekiel 23.

2. Proceeding from unlawful lust; as lewd actions.

3. Wicked; vile; profligate; licentious. Acts 17.

Lewd

LEWD, adjective [Saxon loewed, lewd. This seems to be a contracted word, and either from the root of laical, lay, or from the Saxon leod, German leute, people, which seems to be from the same root as the foregoing word, like Latin gens, from geno.] Lay; laical; not clerical. Obs.

Davies.

Lewdly

LEWD'LY, adverb With the unlawful indulgence of lust; lustfully.

2. Wickedly; wantonly.

Lewdness

LEWD'NESS, noun The unlawful indulgence of lust; fornication, or adultery.

2. In Scripture, it generally denotes idolatry.

3. Licentiousness; shamelessness.

Spenser.

Lewdster

LEWD'STER, noun One given to the criminal indulgence of lust; a lecher. [Not used.]

Shak.

Lexicographer

LEXICOG'RAPHER, noun [See Lexicography.] The author of a lexicon or dictionary.

Lexicographic

LEXICOGRAPH'IC, adjective Pertaining to the writing or compilation of a dictionary.

Boswell.

Lexicography

LEXICOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a dictionary, and, to write.]

1. The act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of composing dictionaries.

2. The composition or compilation of a dictionary.

Lexicology

LEXICOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a dictionary, and, discourse.]

The science of words; that branch of learning which treats of the proper signification and just application of words.

Med. Repos.

Lexicon

LEX'ICON, noun [Greek, a dictionary, from, to speak.]

A dictionary; a vocabulary or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language, with the definition of each, or an explanation of its meaning.

Lexiconist

LEX'ICONIST, noun A writer of a lexicon. [Little used.]

Orient. Col.

Lexigraphy

LEX'IGRAPHY, noun [Greek, a word, and, to write.] The art or practice of defining words.

Med. Repos.

Ley

LEY, a different orthography of lay and lea, a meadow or field.

Lherzolite

LHER'ZOLITE, noun [from Lherz, in the Pyrenees.]

A mineral, a variety of pyroxene. When crystalized, its crystals are brilliant, translucid, very small, and of an emerald green.

Dict.

Liable

LI'ABLE, adjective [French lier, to bind, Latin ligo; Norm. lige, a bond. See Liege.]

1. Bound; obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable. The surety is liable for the debt of his principal. The parent is not liable for debts contracted by a son who is a minor, except for necessaries.

This use of liable is now common among lawyers. The phrase is abridged. The surety is liable, that is, bound to pay the debt of his principal.

2. Subject; obnoxious; exposed.

Proudly secure, yet liable to fall.

Milton.

Liable, in this sense, is always applied to evils. We never say, a man is liable to happiness or prosperity, but he is liable to disease, calamities, censure; he is liable to err, to sin, to fall.

Liableness

LI'ABLENESS, or LIABIL'ITY, noun The state of being bound or obliged in law or justice; responsibility. The officer wishes to discharge himself from his liability.

2. Exposedness; tendency; a state of being subject; as the liableness of a man to contract disease in an infected room; a liability to accidents.

Liar

LIA'R, noun [from lie.] A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be not true, and with an intention to deceive him. The uttering of falsehood by mistake, and without an intention to deceive, does not constitute one a liar.

2. One who denies Christ. 1 John 2.

Liard

LI'ARD, adjective Gray. Obs.

Chaucer.

Lias

LI'AS, noun A species of limestone, occurring in flat, horizontal strata, and supposed to be of recent formation.

Encyc.

Lib

LIB, verb transitive [Dutch lubben.] To castrate. [Not in use.]

Chapman.

Libation

LIBA'TION, noun [Latin libatio, from libo, to pour out, to taste.]

1. The act of pouring a liquor, usually wine, either on the ground, or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity. The Hebrews, Greeks and Romans practiced libation. This was a solemn act and accompanied with prayer.

Encyc.

2. The wine or other liquor poured out in honor of a deity.

Stillingfleet. Dryden.

Libbard

LIBBARD, an obsolete spelling of leopard.

Spenser. Milton.

Libbards-Bane

LIB'BARD'S-BANE, noun A poisonous plant.

B. Jonson.

Libel

LI'BEL, noun [Latin libellus, a little book, from liber, a book, from the sense of bark, and this from stripping, separating. Hence liber, a book, and liber, free, are the same word. Class Lb. No. 24. 27. 30. 31.]

1. A defamatory writing, Latin libellus famosus. Hence, the epithet being omitted, libel expresses the same thing. Any book, pamphlet, writing or picture, containing representations, maliciously made or published, tending to bring a person into contempt, or expose him to public hatred and derision. The communication of such defamatory writing to a single person, is considered in law a publication. It is immaterial with respect to the essence of a libel, whether the matter of it is true or false, since the provocation and not the falsity is the thing to be punished criminally. But in a civil action, a libel must appear to be false, as well as scandalous.

Blackstone.

In a more extensive sense, any blasphemous, treasonable or immoral writing or picture made public, is a libel, and punishable by law.

2. In the civil law, and in courts of admiralty, a declaration or charge in writing exhibited in court, particularly against a ship or goods, for violating the laws of trade or of revenue.

Libel

LI'BEL, verb transitive To defame or expose to public hatred and contempt by a writing or picture; to lampoon.

Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair.

Pope.

2. To exhibit a charge against any thing in court, particularly against a ship or goods, for a violation of the laws of trade or revenue.

Libel

LI'BEL, verb intransitive To spread defamation, written or printed; with against. He libels against the peers of the realm. [Not now in use.]

Libelant

LI'BELANT, noun One who libels; one who brings a libel or institutes a suit in an admiralty court.

The counsel for the libelant, contended they had a right to read the instructionsÃ‚--

Cranch, Rep.

Libeled

LI'BELED, participle passive Defamed by a writing or picture made public.

2. Charged or declared against in an admiralty court.

Libeler

LI'BELER, noun One who libels or defames by writing or pictures; a lampooner.

It is ignorance of ourselves which makes us the libelers of others.

Buckminster.

Libeling

LI'BELING, participle of the present tense Defaming by a published writing or picture.

2. Exhibiting charges against in court.

Libelous

LI'BELOUS, adjective Defamatory; containing that which exposes a person to public hatred, contempt and ridicule; as a libelous pamphlet or picture.

Liberal

LIB'ERAL, adjective [French from Latin liberalis, from liber, free. See Libel.]

1. Of a free heart; free to give or bestow; not close or contracted; munificent; bountiful; generous; giving largely; as a liberal donor; the liberal founders of a college or hospital. It expresses less than profuse or extravagant.

2. Generous; ample; large; as a liberal donation; a liberal allowance.

3. Not selfish, narrow or contracted; catholic; enlarged; embracing other interests than one's own; as liberal sentiments or views; a liberal mind; liberal policy.

4. General; extensive; embracing literature and the sciences generally; as a liberal education. This phrase is often but not necessarily synonymous with collegiate; as a collegiate education.

5. Free; open; candid; as a liberal communication of thoughts.

6. Large; profuse; as a liberal discharge of matter by secretions or excretions.

7. Free; not literal or strict; as a liberal construction of law.

8. Not mean; not low in birth or mind.

9. Licentious; free to excess.

Shak.

Liberal arts, as distinguished from mechanical arts, are such as depend more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of the hands, and regard amusement, curiosity or intellectual improvement, rather than the necessity of subsistence, or manual skill. Such are grammar, rhetoric, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, &c.

Liberal has of before the thing bestowed, and to before the person or object on which any thing is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal to the poor.

Liberality

LIBERAL'ITY, noun [Latin liberalitas; French liberalitÃƒ-©. See Liberal.]

1. Munificence; bounty.

That liberality is but cast away,

Which makes us borrow what we cannot pay.

Denham.

2. A particular act of generosity; a donation; a gratuity. In this sense, it has the plural number. A prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities.

3. Largeness of mind; catholicism; that comprehensiveness of mind which includes other interests beside its own, and duly estimates in its decisions the value or importance of each. It is evidence of a noble mind to judge of men and things with liberality.

Many treat the gospel with indifference under the name of liberality.

J. M. Mason.

4. Candor; impartiality.

Liberalize

LIB'ERALIZE, verb transitive To render liberal or catholic; to enlarge; to free from narrow views or prejudices; as, to liberalize the mind.

Burke. Walsh.

Liberalize

LIB'ERALIZE, participle passive Freed from narrow views and prejudices; made liberal.

Liberalizing

LIB'ERALIZING, participle of the present tense Rendering liberal; divesting of narrow views and prejudices.

Liberally

LIB'ERALLY, adverb Bountifully; freely; largely; with munificence.

If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not. James 1.

2. With generous and impartial regard to other interests than our own; with enlarged views; without selfishness or meanness; as, to think or judge liberally of men and their actions.

3. Freely; not strictly; not literally.

Liberate

LIB'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin libero, from liber, free; French liberer; Italian liberare.]

1. To free; to release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; as, to liberate one from duress or imprisonment; to liberate the mind from the shackles of prejudice.

2. To manumit; as, to liberate a slave.

Liberated

LIB'ERATED, participle passive Freed; released from confinement, restraint or slavery; manumitted.

Liberating

LIB'ERATING, participle of the present tense Delivering from restraint or slavery.

Liberation

LIBERA'TION, noun [Latin liberatio.] The act of delivering from restraint, confinement or slavery.

Liberator

LIB'ERATOR, noun One who liberates or delivers.

Libertarian

LIBERTA'RIAN, adjective [Latin liber, free; libertas, liberty.]

Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.

Remove from their mind libertarian prejudice.

Encyc.

Libertinage

LIB'ERTINAGE, noun Libertinism, which is most used.

Libertine

LIB'ERTINE, noun [Latin libertinus, from liber, free.]

1. Among the Romans, a freedman; a person manumitted or set free from legal servitude.

2. One unconfined; one free from restraint.

Shak.

3. A man who lives without restraint of the animal passion; one who indulges his lust without restraint; one who leads a dissolute, licentious life; a rake; a debauchee.

Libertine

LIB'ERTINE, adjective Licentious; dissolute; not under the restraint of law or religion; as libertine principles; a libertine life.

Libertinism

LIB'ERTINISM, noun State of a freedman. [Little used.]

Hammond.

2. Licentiousness of opinion and practice; an unrestrained indulgence of lust; debauchery; lewdness.

Atterbury.

Liberty

LIB'ERTY, noun [Latin libertas, from liber, free; French libertÃƒ-©; Italian libertÃƒ- ; Spanish libertad. Class Lb. No. 24. 27. 30. 31.]

1. Freedom from restraint, in a general sense, and applicable to the body, or to the will or mind. The body is at liberty, when not confined; the will or mind is at liberty, when not checked or controlled. A man enjoys liberty, when no physical force operates to restrain his actions or volitions.

2. Natural liberty, consists in the power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or control, except from the laws of nature. It is a state of exemption from the control of others, and from positive laws and the institutions of social life. This liberty is abridged by the establishment of government.

3. Civil liberty, is the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty, so far only abridged and restrained, as is necessary and expedient for the safety and interest of the society, state or nation. A restraint of natural liberty, not necessary or expedient for the public, is tyranny or oppression. Civil liberty is an exemption from the arbitrary will of others, which exemption is secured by established laws, which restrain every man from injuring or controlling another. Hence the restraints of law are essential to civil liberty.

The liberty of one depends not so much on the removal of all restraint from him, as on the due restraint upon the liberty of others.

Ames.

In this sentence, the latter word liberty denotes natural liberty.

4. Political liberty, is sometimes used as synonymous with civil liberty. But it more properly designates the liberty of a nation, the freedom of a nation or state from all unjust abridgment of its rights and independence by another nation. Hence we often speak of the political liberties of Europe, or the nations of Europe.

5. Religious liberty, is the free right of adopting and enjoying opinions on religious subjects, and of worshiping the Supreme Being according to the dictates of conscience, without external control.

6. Liberty, in metaphysics, as opposed to necessity, is the power of an agent to do or forbear any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind, by which either is preferred to the other.

Locke.

Freedom of the will; exemption from compulsion or restraint in willing or volition.

7. Privilege; exemption; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; with a plural. Thus we speak of the liberties of the commercial cities of Europe.

8. Leave; permission granted. The witness obtained liberty to leave the court.

9. A space in which one is permitted to pass without restraint, and beyond which he may not lawfully pass; with a plural; as the liberties of a prison.

10. Freedom of action or speech beyond the ordinary bounds of civility or decorum. Females should repel all improper liberties.

To take the liberty to do or say any thing, to use freedom not specially granted.

To set at liberty, to deliver from confinement; to release from restraint.

To be at liberty, to be free from restraint.

Liberty of the press, is freedom from any restriction on the power to publish books; the free power of publishing what one pleases, subject only to punishment for abusing the privilege, or publishing what is mischievous to the public or injurious to individuals.

Blackstone.

Libidinist

LIB'IDINIST, noun One given to lewdness.

Junius.

Libidinous

LIBID'INOUS, adjective [Latin libidinosus, from libido, lubido, lust, from libeo, libet, lubet, to please, it pleaseth; German liebe, love; lieben, to love; love, which see. The root is lib or lub.]

Lustful; lewd; having an eager appetite for venereal pleasure.

Bentley.

Libidinously

LIBID'INOUSLY, adjective Lustfully; with lewd desire.

Libidinousness

LIBID'INOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being lustful; inordinate appetite for venereal pleasure.

Libra

LI'BRA, noun [Latin] The balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox, in September.

Librarian

LIBRA'RIAN, noun [Latin librarius, with a different signification, from liber, bark, a book.]

1. The keeper or one who has the care of a library or collection of books.

2. One who transcribes or copies books. [Not now used.]

Broome.

Library

LI'BRARY, noun [Latin librarium, libraria, from liber, a book.]

1. A collection of books belonging to a private person, or to a public institution or a company.

2. An edifice or an apartment for holding a collection of books.

Librate

LI'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin libro, from libra, a balance, a level; allied perhaps to level.]

To poise; to balance; to hold in equipoise.

Librate

LI'BRATE, verb intransitive To move, as a balance; to be poised.

Their parts all librate on too nice a beam.

Clifton.

Libration

LIBRA'TION, noun The act of balancing or state of being balanced; a state of equipoise, with equal weights on both sides of a center.

2. In astronomy, an apparent irregularity of the moon's motions, by which it seems to librate about its axis.

Encyc.

Libration is the balancing motion or trepidation in the firmament, whereby the declination of the sun and the latitude of the stars change from time to time.

Dict. Trev.

3. A balancing or equipoise between extremes.

Darwin.

Libratory

LI'BRATORY, adjective Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or level.

Lice

LICE, plu. of louse.

Lice-Bane

LICE-BANE, noun A plant.

License

LI'CENSE, noun [French from Latin licentia, from liceo, to be permitted, Irish leighim, ligim, to allow or permit.]

1. Leave; permission; authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act. A license may be verbal or written; when written, the paper containing the authority is called a license. A man is not permitted to retail spirituous liquors till he has obtained a license.

2. Excess of liberty; exorbitant freedom; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum.

License they mean, when they cry liberty.

Milton.

License

LI'CENSE, verb transitive To permit by grant of authority; to remove legal restraint by a grant of permission; as, to license a man to keep an inn.

2. To authorize to act in a particular character; as, to license a physician or a lawyer.

3. To dismiss. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Licenser

LI'CENSER, noun One who grants permission; a person authorized to grant permission to others; as a licenser of the press.

Licentiate

LICEN'TIATE, noun [from Latin licentia.] One who has a license; as a licentiate in physic or medicine.

2. In Spain, one who has a degree; as a licentiate in law or divinity. The officers of justice are mostly distinguished by this title.

Encyc.

Licentiate

LICEN'TIATE, verb transitive To give license or permission.

L'Estrange.

Licentious

LICEN'TIOUS, adjective [Latin licentiosus.] Using license; indulging freedom to excess; unrestrained by law or morality; loose; dissolute; as a licentious man.

2. Exceeding the limits of law or propriety; wanton; unrestrained; as licentious desires. Licentious thoughts precede licentious conduct.

Licentiously

LICEN'TIOUSLY, adverb With excess of liberty; in contempt of law and morality.

Licentiousness

LICEN'TIOUSNESS, noun Excessive indulgence of liberty; contempt of the just restraints of law, morality and decorum. The licentiousness of authors is justly condemned; the licentiousness of the press is punishable by law.

Law is the god of wise men; licentiousness is the god of fools.

Plato.

Lich

LICH, adjective [Saxon lic. See Like.] Like; even; equal. Obs.

Gower.

Lich

LICH, noun [Saxon lic or lice, a body, the flesh, a dead body or corpse; lichama, a living body; hence lichwake, watching with the dead; Lichfield, the field of dead bodies; Gothic leik, the flesh, a body; leikan, to please, Saxon licean; Gothic leiks, like; German gleich, Dutch lyk and gelyk, like; German leiche, a dead body, Dutch lyk; Hebrews 100halak, smooth; Arabic chalaka, to shave, to make smooth; galaka, to measure to form, to create, to make smooth and equable, to be beautiful; derivatives, creature, man, people. We see the radical sense is smooth, or rather to make even, equal, smooth; hence like, likeness, and a body. We have here an instance of the radical sense of man and body, almost exactly analogous to that of Adam, from to make equal, to be like.]

Lichen

LICH'EN, noun [Latin from Greek.] In botany, the name for an extensive division of cryptogamian plants, constituting a genus in the order of Algae, in the Linnean system, but now forming a distinct natural order. They appear in the form of thin flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark of trees, or in foliaceous expansions, or branched like a shrub in miniature, or sometimes only as a gelatinous mass, or a powdery substance. They are called rock moss and tree moss, and some of the liverworts are of this order. They also include the Iceland moss and the reindeer moss; but they are entirely distinct from the true mosses (Musci.)

Ed. Encyc.

2. In surgery, a species of impetigo, appearing in the form of a red, dry, rough, and somewhat prurient spot, that gives off small furfuraceous scales.

Hooper.

Lichenographic

LICHENOGRAPH'IC, or LICHENOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to lichenography.

Lichenographist

LICHENOG'RAPHIST, noun One who describes the lichens.

Lichenography

LICHENOG'RAPHY, noun [lichen and, to write.]

A description of the vegetables called lichens; the science which illustrates the natural history of the lichens.

Acharius.

Licit

LIC'IT, adjective [Latin licitus.] Lawful.

Licitly

LIC'ITLY, adverb Lawfully.

Licitness

LIC'ITNESS, noun Lawfulness.

Lick

LICK, verb transitive [Saxon liccian; Gothic laigwan; German lecken, schlecken; Dutch likken; Danish likker, slikker; Swedish slekia, slikia; French lecher; Italian leccare; Irish leagaim, lighim; Russian lokayu, liju; Latin lingo; Greek. Class Lg. No. 12. 18. See Like and Sleek.]

1. To pass or draw the tongue over the surface; as, a dog licks a wound.

Temple.

2. To lap; to take in by the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk. 1 Kings 21.

To lick up, to devour; to consume entirely.

Now shall this company lick up all that are round about us, as an ox licketh up the grass of the field. Numbers 22.

To lick the dust, to be slain; to perish in battle.

His enemies shall lick the dust. Psalm 72.

Lick

LICK, noun In America, a place where beasts of the forest lick for salt, at salt springs.

Lick

LICK, noun [Welsh llaÃƒ-§, a lick, a slap, a ray, a blade; llaÃƒ-§iaw, to lick, to shoot out, to throw or lay about, to cudgel. Qu. the root of flog and slay, to strike. See Arabic lakka, to strike. Class Lg. No. 14.]

1. A blow; a stroke. [Not an elegant word.]

2. A wash; something rubbed on. [Not in use.]

Lick

LICK, verb transitive To strike repeatedly for punishment; to flog; to chastise with blows. [Not an elegant word; but probably flog, Latin fligo, is from the root of this word.]

Licker

LICK'ER, noun One that licks.

Lickerish

LICK'ERISH, adjective [Dutch Danish lekker, German lecker, Swedish l?cker, nice, dainty, delicate. This seems to be connected with Dutch lekken, German lecken, Danish lekker, Swedish l?cka, to leak, for in Dutch the verb signifies also to make sleek or smooth, and in German to lick, which unites the word with lick, and perhaps with like. In Saxon liccera is a glutton, and this is the Italian lecco, a glutton, a lecher; leccardo, greedy; leccare, to lick. The Armoric has lickez, lickerish. The phrase, the mouth waters for a thing, may throw light on this word, and if the first syllable of delight, delicious and delicate, is a prefix, these are of the same family, as may be the Greek, sweet. The senses of watery, smooth, sweet, are allied; likeness is often connected with smoothness, in radical sense, and sleek is probably from the root of lick, like.]

1. Nice in the choice of food; dainty; as a lickerish palate.

L'Estrange.

2. Eager; greedy to swallow; eager to taste or enjoy; having a keen relish.

Sidney. Dryden. Locke.

3. Dainty; tempting the appetite; as lickerish baits.

Milton.

Lickerishly

LICK'ERISHLY, adverb Daintily.

Lickerishness

LICK'ERISHNESS, noun Niceness of palate; daintiness.

Licorice

LIC'ORICE, noun [Italian liquirizia; Latin glycyrrhiza; Greek; sweet, and, root.]

A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza. The root of this plant abounds with a sweet balsamic juice, much used in pectoral compositions.

Encyc.

Licorous

LICOROUS, LICOROUSNESS, for lickerish, &c. not used.

Lictor

LIC'TOR, noun [Latin Qu. lick, to strike.] An officer among the Romans, who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. The duty of a lictor was to attend the chief magistrates when they appeared in public, to clear the way and cause due respect to be paid to them. A dictator was attended by twenty four lictors, a consul by twelve, and a master of the horse by six. It was also the duty of lictors to apprehend and punish criminals.

Encyc. Johnson.

Lid

LID, noun [Saxon hlid, a cover; hlidan, to cover; ge-hlid, a roof; Dutch Danish lid; Latin claudo, cludo; Greek, contracted from; Hebrew or to cover, Arabic latta. Class Ld. No. 1.8.9.]

A cover; that which shuts the opening of a vessel or box; as the lid of a chest or trunk; also, the cover of the eye, the membrane which is drawn over the eyeball of an animal at pleasure, and which is intended for its protection; the eyelid.

Lie

LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, is written lye, to distinguish it from lie, a falsehood.

Lie

LIE, noun [Saxon lig or lyge; Swedish l?gn; Danish lÃƒ-¶gn; Dutch leugen; German lug, lÃƒ-¼ge; Russian loj. The verb is probably the primary word.]

1. A criminal falsehood; a falsehood uttered for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth. Fiction, or a false statement or representation, not intended to deceive, mislead or injure, as in fables, parables and the like, is not a lie.

It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction, when a traveler inquires of him his road.

Paley.

2. A fiction; in a ludicrous sense.

Dryden.

3. False doctrine. 1 John 2.

4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false god. Romans 1.

5. That which deceives and disappoints confidence. Micah 1.

To give the lie, to charge with falsehood. A man's actions may give the lie to his words.

Lie

LIE, verb intransitive [Saxon ligan, leogan; Danish lyver; Swedish liuga; German lÃƒ-¼gen; Dutch leugenen; Russian lgu.]

1. To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive, or with an immoral design.

Thou hast not lied to men, but to God. Acts 5.

2. To exhibit a false representation; to say or do that which deceives another, when he has a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.

Lie

LIE, verb intransitive pret. lay; pp. lain, [lien, obs.] [Saxon ligan or licgan; Gothic ligan; Swedish liggia; Danish ligger; Dutch liggen; German liegen; Russian leju; Greek. The Greek word usually signifies to speak, which is to utter or throw out sounds. Hence to lie down is to throw one's self down, and probably lie and lay are of one family, as are jacio and jaceo, in Latin.]

1. To be in a horizontal position, or nearly so, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, and not on the end. Thus a person lies on a bed, and a fallen tree on the ground. A cask stands on its end, but lies on its side.

2. To rest in an inclining posture; to lean; as, to lie on or against a column.

3. To rest; to press on.

4. To be reposited in the grave.

All the kings of the earth, even all of them, lie in glory. Isaiah 14.

5. To rest on a bed or couch; to be prostrate; as, to lie sick.

My little daughter lieth at the point of death. Mark 5.

6. To be situated. New Haven lies in the forty second degree of north latitude. Ireland lies west of England.

Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances.

Collier.

7. To be; to rest; to abide; to remain; often followed by some word denoting a particular condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie pining or grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of a creditor, or at the mercy of the waves.

8. To consist.

He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising of the huntsman.

Locke.

9. To be sustainable in law; to be capable of being maintained. An action lies against the tenant for waste.

An appeal lies in this case.

Chaldee J. Parsons.

To lie at, to teaze or importune. [Little used.]

To lie at the heart, to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious desire.

The Spaniards have but one temptation to quarrel with us, the recovering of Jamaica, for that has ever lain at their hearts.

Temple.

To lie by, to be reposited, or remaining with. He has the manuscript lying by him.

2. To rest; to intermit labor. We lay by during the heat of the day.

To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment. Remove the objections that lie in the way of an amicable adjustment.

To lie hard or heavy, to press; to oppress; to burden.

To lie on hand, to be or remain in possession; to remain unsold or undisposed of. Great quantities of wine lie on hand, or have lain long on hand.

To lie on the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed; to be tedious. Men are sometimes at a loss to know how to employ the time that lies on their hands.

To lie on the head, to be imputed.

What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head.

Shak.

To lie in wait, to wait for in concealment; to lie in ambush; to watch for an opportunity to attack or seize.

To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to.

As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men. Romans 12.

To lie down, to lay the body on the ground or other level place; also, to go to rest.

To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young.

To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by.

To lie on or upon, to be a matter of obligation or duty. It lies on the plaintiff to maintain his action.

To lie with, to lodge or sleep with; also, to have carnal knowledge of.

2. To belong to. It lies with you to make amends.

To lie over, to remain unpaid, after the time when payment is due; as a note in bank.

To lie to, to be stationary, as a ship.

Lief

LIEF, adjective [Saxon leof, loved, Dutch lief, German lieb. See Love.] Dear; beloved. Obs.

Spenser. Shak.

Lief

LIEF, adverb [supra. This word coincides with love, Latin lubet, libet, and the primary sense is to be free, prompt, ready.]

Gladly; willingly; freely; used in familiar speech, in the phrase, I had as lief go as not. It has been supposed that had in this phrase is a corruption of would. At any rate it is anomalous.

Liege

LIEGE, adjective [Italian ligio; French lige; from Latin ligo, to bind; Greek, to bind, to bend; a withe.]

Bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal to his lord; subject; faithful; as a liege man. By liege homage, a vassal was bound to serve his lord against all, without excepting his sovereign; or against all, excepting a former lord to whom he owed like service.

Encyc.

2. Sovereign; as a liege lord. [See the Noun.]

Liege

LIEGE, noun [supra.] A vassal holding a fee by which he is bound to perform certain services and duties to his lord.

2. A lord or superior; a sovereign.

[Note. This is a false application of the word, arising probably from transferring the word from the vassal to the lord; the lord of liege men, being called liege lord.

Johnson.]

Liege-Man

LIE'GE-MAN, noun A vassal; a subject. Obs.

Spenser. Shak.

Lien

LIEN, the obsolete participle of lie. [See Lain.]

Lien

LIEN, noun [supra.] A legal claim; as a lien upon land.

Lienteric

LIENTER'IC, adjective [from lientery.] Pertaining to a lientery.

Grew.

Lientery

LI'ENTERY, noun [French lienterie; Latin Italian lienteria; Greek, smooth, and, an intestine.]

A flux of the bowels, in which the aliments are discharged undigested, and with little alteration either in color or substance.

Encyc.

Lier

LIER, noun [from lie.] One who lies down; one who rests or remains; as a lier in wait or in ambush. Joshua 8.

Lieu

LIEU, noun [French from the root of Latin locus, ley or lea. See Ley.]

Place; room; stead. It is used only with in. Let me have gold in lieu of silver. In lieu of fashionable honor, let justice be substituted.

Lieutenancy

LIEUTENANCY, n. luten'ancy. [See Lieutenant.]

1. The office or commission of a lieutenant.

Shak.

2. The body of lieutenants.

Felton.

Lieutenant

LIEUTENANT, n. luten'ant. [French; composed of lieu, place, and tenant, Latin tenens, holding.]

1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence. Officers of this kind are civil, as the lord-lieutenant of a kingdom or county; or military, as a lieutenant general, a lieutenant colonel.

2. In military affairs, the second commissioned officer in a company of infantry cavalry or artillery.

3. In ships of war, the officer next in rank to the captain.

Lieutenantship

LIEUTENANTSHIP. [See Lieutenancy.]

Lieve

LIEVE, for lief, is vulgar. [See Lief.]

Lievrite

LIE'VRITE, noun A mineral, called also yenite, which see.

Life

LIFE, n. plu. lives. [Saxon lif, lyf; Swedish lif; Danish liv; German leben; Dutch leeven. See Live.]

1. In a general sense, that state of animals and plants, or of an organized being, in which its natural functions and motions are performed, or in which its organs are capable of performing their functions. A tree is not destitute of life in winter, when the functions of its organs are suspended; nor man during a swoon or syncope; nor strictly birds, quadrupeds or serpents during their torpitude in winter. They are not strictly dead, till the functions of their organs are incapable of being renewed.

2. In animals, animation; vitality; and in man, that state of being in which the soul and body are united.

He entreated me not to take his life.

Broome.

3. In plants, the state in which they grow or are capable of growth, by means of the circulation of the sap. The life of an oak may be two, three, or four hundred years.

4. The present state of existence; the time from birth to death. The life of man seldom exceeds seventy years.

If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable. 1 Corinthians 15.

5. Manner of living; conduct; deportment, in regard to morals.

I will teach my family to lead good lives.

Mrs. Barker.

6. Condition; course of living, in regard to happiness and misery. We say, a man's life has been a series of prosperity, or misfortune.

7. Blood, the supposed vehicle of animation.

And the warm life came issuing through the wound.

Pope.

8. Animals in general; animal being.

Full nature swarms with life.

Thomson.

9. System of animal nature.

Lives through all life.

Pope.

10. Spirit; animation; briskness; vivacity; resolution.

They have no notion of life and fire in fancy and words.

Felton.

11. The living form; real person or state; in opposition to a copy; as, a picture is taken from the life; a description from the life.

12. Exact resemblance; with to, before life. His portrait is drawn to the life.

13. General state of man, or of social manners; as the studies and arts that polish life.

14. Condition; rank in society; as high life and low life.

15. Common occurrences; course of things; human affairs.

But to know

That which before us lies in daily life,

Is the prime wisdom.

Milton.

16. A person; a living being; usually or always, a human being. How many lives were sacrificed during the revolution!

17. Narrative of a past life; history of the events of life; biographical narration. Johnson wrote the life of Milton, and the lives of other poets.

18. In Scripture, nourishment; support of life.

For the tree of the field is man's life. Deuteronomy 20.

19. The stomach or appetite.

His life abhorreth bread. Job 33.

20. The enjoyments or blessings of the present life.

Having the promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. 1 Timothy 4.

21. Supreme felicity.

To be spiritually minded is life and peace. Romans 8.

22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Romans 5.

23. Restoration to life. Romans 5.

24. The author and giver of supreme felicity.

I am the way, the truth, and the life. John 14.

25. A quickening, animating and strengthening principle, in a moral sense. John 6.

Life-Blood

LI'FE-BLOOD, noun The blood necessary to life; vital blood.

Dryden.

2. That which constitutes or gives strength and energy.

Money, the life-blood of the nation.

Swift.

Life-Blood

LI'FE-BLOOD, adjective Necessary as blood to life; essential.

Milton.

Life-Estate

LIFE-ESTA'TE, noun An estate that continues during the life of the possessor.

Life-Everlasting

LIFE-EVERL'ASTING, noun A plant of the genus Gnaphalium.

Life-Giving

LI'FE-GIVING, adjective Having power to give life; inspiriting; invigorating.

Spenser. Milton.

Lifeguard

LI'FEGUARD, noun A guard of the life or person; a guard that attends the person of a prince, or other person.

Lifeless

LI'FELESS, adjective Dead; deprived of life; as a lifeless body.

2. Destitute of life; unanimated; as lifeless matter.

3. Destitute of power, force, vigor or spirit; dull; heavy; inactive.

4. Void of spirit; vapid; as liquor.

5. Torpid.

6. Wanting physical energy.

Lifelessly

LI'FELESSLY, adverb Without vigor; dully; frigidly; heavily.

Lifelessness

LI'FELESSNESS, noun Destitution of life, vigor and spirit; inactivity.

Lifelike

LI'FELIKE, adjective Like a living person.

Pope.

Liferent

LI'FERENT, noun The rent of an estate that continues for life.

Lifestring

LI'FESTRING, noun A nerve or string that is imagined to be essential to life.

Lifetime

LI'FETIME, noun The time that life continues; duration of life.

Addison.

Lifeweary

LI'FEWEARY, adjective Tired of life; weary of living.

Shak.

Lift

LIFT, verb transitive [Swedish lyfta, Danish lÃƒ-¶fter, to lift; Gothic hlifan, to steal; Saxon hlifian, to be high or conspicuous; Gothic hliftus, a thief. We retain this sense in shoplifter. Latin levo, elevo, Italian levare, to lift; Spanish levar, to carry or transport; French lever; perhaps Latin levis, light.]

1. To raise; to elevate; as, to lift the foot or the hand; to lift the head.

2. To raise; to elevate mentally.

To thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. Psalm 25.

3. To raise in fortune.

The eye of the Lord lifted up his head from misery.

Ecclus.

4. To raise in estimation, dignity or rank. His fortune has lifted him into notice, or into office.

The Roman virtues lift up mortal man.

Addison.

5. To elate; to cause to swell, as with pride.

Up is often used after lift, as a qualifying word; sometimes with effect or emphasis; very often, however, it is useless.

6. To bear; to support.

Spenser.

7. To steal, that is, to take and carry away. Hence we retain the use of shoplifter, although the verb in this sense is obsolete.

8. In Scripture, to crucify.

When ye have lifted up the Son of man. John 8.

To lift up the eyes, to look; to fix the eyes on.

Lot lifted up his eyes and beheld Jordan. Genesis 13.

2. To direct the desires to God in prayer. Psalm 121.

To lift up the head, to raise from a low condition; to exalt. Genesis 40.

2. To rejoice. Luke 21.

To lift up the hand, to swear, or to confirm by oath. Genesis 14.

2. To raise the hands in prayer. Psalm 28.

3. To rise in opposition to; to rebel; to assault. 2 Samuel 18.

4. To injure or oppress. Job 31.

5. To shake off sloth and engage in duty. Hebrews 12.

To lift up the face, to look to with confidence, cheerfulness and comfort. Job 22.

To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence and contempt.

To lift up the horn, to behave arrogantly or scornfully. Psalm 75.

To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one's relief. Psalm 74.

To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out, either in grief or joy. Genesis 21. Isaiah 24.

Lift

LIFT, verb intransitive To try to raise; to exert the strength for the purpose of raising or bearing.

The body strained by lifting at a weight too heavyÃ‚--

Locke.

2. To practice theft. Obs.

Spenser.

Lift

LIFT, noun The act of raising; a lifting; as the lift of the feet in walking or running.

Bacon.

The goat gives the fox a lift.

L'Estrange.

2. An effort to raise; as, give us a lift. [Popular use.]

3. That which is to be raised.

4. A dead lift, an ineffectual effort to raise; or the thing which the strength is not sufficient to raise.

5. Any thing to be done which exceeds the strength; or a state of inability; as, to help one at a dead lift.

Butler. Swift.

6. A rise; a degree of elevation; as the lift of a lock in canals.

Gallatin.

7. In Scottish, the sky; the atmosphere; the firmament. [Saxon lyft, air, Swedish luft.]

8. In seamen's language, a rope descending from the cap and mast-head to the extremity of a yard. Its use is to support the yard, keep it in equilibrio, and raise the end, when occasion requires.

Mar. Dict.

Lifted

LIFT'ED, participle passive Raised; elevated; swelled with pride.

Lifter

LIFT'ER, noun One that lifts or raises.

Lifting

LIFT'ING, participle of the present tense Raising; swelling with pride.

Lifting

LIFT'ING, noun The act of lifting; assistance.

Lig

LIG, verb intransitive To lie. [See Lie.] Obs.

Chaucer.

Ligament

LIG'AMENT, noun [Latin ligamentum, from ligo, to bind, that is, to strain.]

1. Any thing that ties or unites one thing or part to another.

Interwoven is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts.

Washington.

2. In anatomy, a strong, compact substance, serving to bind one bone to another. It is a white, solid, inelastic, tendinous substance, softer than cartilage, but harder than membrane.

Encyc. Quincy. Coxe.

3. Bond; chain; that which binds or restrains.

Addison.

Ligamental

LIGAMENT'AL, or LIGAMENT'OUS, adjective Composing a ligament; of the nature of a ligament; binding; as a strong ligamentous membrane.

Wiseman.

Ligation

LIGA'TION, noun [Latin ligatio.] The act of binding, or state of being bound.

Addison.

Ligature

LIG'ATURE, noun [French from Latin ligatura.]

1. Any thing that binds; a band or bandage.

Ray.

2. The act of binding; as, by a strict ligature of the parts.

Arbuthnot.

3. Impotence induced by magic.

Coxe. Encyc.

4. In music, a band or line connecting notes.

5. Among printers, a double character, or a type consisting of two letters or characters united; as fl, fi, in English. The old editions of Greek authors abound with ligatures.

6. The state of being bound.

Mortimer.

7. In medicine, stiffness of a joint.

Coxe.

8. In surgery, a cord or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage.

Light

LIGHT, n. lite. [Saxon leoht, liht; Dutch German licht; Latin lux, light, and luceo, to shine; Portugese Spanish luz, light; Welsh llug, tending to break out or open, or to shoot, to gleam, and as a noun, a breaking out in blotches, a gleam, indistinct light; llwg, that is apt to break out, that is bright, a tumor, an eruption; llygu, to make bright, to clear, to break out, to appear in spots; lluÃƒ-§, a darting, sudden throw, glance, flash; lluÃƒ-§iaw, to throw, to fling, to pelt; lluÃƒ-§ed, a gleam, lightning. This word furnishes a full and distinct explanation of the original sense of light, to throw, dart, shoot, or break forth; and it accords with luck, both in elements and radical sense. Class Lg. No. 6. 7. 23. 24.]

1. That ethereal agent or matter which makes objects perceptible to the sense of seeing, but the particles of which are separately invisible. It is now generally believed that light is a fluid, or real matter, existing independent of other substances, with properties peculiar to itself. Its velocity is astonishing, as it passes through a space of nearly twelve millions of miles in a minute. Light, when decomposed, is found to consist of rays differently colored; as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The sun is the principal source of light in the solar system; but light is also emitted from bodies ignited, or in combustion, and is reflected from enlightened bodies, as the moon. Light is also emitted from certain putrefying substances. It is usually united with heat, but it exists also independent of it.

Hooper. Nicholson. Encyc.

2. That flood of luminous rays which flows from the sun, and constitutes day.

God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Genesis 1.

3. Day; the dawn of day.

The murderer rising with the light, killeth the poor and needy. Job 24.

4. Life.

O, spring to light, auspicious babe, be born!

Pope.

5. Any thing that gives light; as a lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c.

Then he called for a light, and sprang inÃ‚-- Acts 16.

I have set thee to be a light to the Gentiles. Acts 13.

And God made two great lights. Genesis 1.

6. The illuminated part of a picture; the part which lies open to the luminary by which the piece is supposed to be enlightened, and is painted in vivid colors; opposed to shade.

7. Illumination of mind; instruction; knowledge.

I opened Ariosto in Italian, and the very first two lines gave me light to all I could desire.

Dryden.

Light, understanding and wisdomÃ‚--was found in him. Danish v.

8. Means of knowing. By using such lights as we have, we may arrive at probability, if not at certainty.

9. Open view; a visible state; a state of being seen by the eye, or perceived, understood or known. Further researches will doubtless bring to light many isles yet undiscovered; further experiments will bring to light properties of matter yet unknown.

10. Public view or notice.

Why am I ask'd what next shall see the light?

Pope.

11. Explanation; illustration; means of understanding. One part of Scripture throws light on another.

12. Point of view; situation to be seen or viewed; a use of the word taken from painting. It is useful to exhibit a subject in a variety of lights. Let every thought be presented in a strong light. In whatever light we view this event, it must be considered an evil.

13. A window; a place that admits light to enter. 1 Kings 7.

14. A pane of glass; as a window with twelve lights.

15. In Scripture, God, the source of knowledge.

God is light. 1 John 1.

16. Christ.

That was the true light, that lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John 1.

17. Joy; comfort; felicity.

Light is sown for the righteous. Psalm 97.

18. Saving knowledge.

It is because there is no light in them. Isaiah 8.

19. Prosperity; happiness.

Then shall thy light break forth as the morning. Isaiah 58.

20. Support; comfort; deliverance. Micah 7.

21. The gospel. Matthew 4.

22. The understanding or judgment. Matthew 6.

23. The gifts and graces of christians. Matthew 5.

24. A moral instructor, as John the Baptist. John 5.

25. A true christian, a person enlightened. Ephesians 5.

26. A good king, the guide of his people. Samaritan xxi.

The light of the countenance, favor; smiles. Psalm 4.

To stand in one's own light, to be the means of preventing good, or frustrating one's own purposes.

To come to light, to be detected; to be discovered or found.

Light

LIGHT, a. lite. Bright; clear; not dark or obscure; as, the morning is light; the apartment is light.

2. In colors, white or whitish; as a light color; a light brown; a light complexion.

Light

LIGHT, a. lite. [Saxon liht, leoht; Dutch ligt; German leicht; French leger; Italian leggiero; Portugese ligeiro; Spanish ligero; Russian legkei; Sanscrit leka. The Swedish lÃƒ-¤tt, Danish let, may be contractions of the same word. The Slavonic also has lehek and legok. Qu. Latin alacer. This word accords with light, the fluid, in orthography, and may be from the same radix.]

1. Having little weight; not tending to the center of gravity force; not heavy. A fether is light, compared with lead or silver; but a thing is light only comparatively. That which is light to a man, may be heavy to a child. A light burden for a camel, may be insupportable to a horse.

2. Not burdensome; easy to be lifted, borne or carried by physical strength; as a light burden, weight or load.

3. Not oppressive; easy to be suffered or endured; as a light affliction. 2 Corinthians 4.

4. Easy to be performed; not difficult; not requiring great strength or exertion. The task is light; the work is light.

5. Easy to be digested; not oppressive to the stomach; as light food. It may signify also, containing little nutriment.

6. Not heavily armed, or armed with light weapons; as light troops; a troop of light horse.

7. Active; swift; nimble.

Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. 2 Samuel 2.

8. Not encumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments.

Unmarried men are best masters, but not best subjects; for they are light to run away.

Bacon.

9. Not laden; not deeply laden; not sufficiently ballasted. The ship returned light.

10. Slight; trifling; not important; as a light error.

Boyle.

11. Not dense; not gross; as light vapors; light fumes.

Dryden.

12. Small; inconsiderable; not copious or vehement; as a light rain; a light snow.

13. Not strong; not violent; moderate; as a light wind.

14. Easy to admit influence; inconsiderate; easily influenced by trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile; as a light, vain person; a light mind.

There is no greater argument of a light and inconsiderate person, than profanely to scoff at religion.

Tillotson.

15. Gay; airy; indulging levity; wanting dignity or solidity; trifling.

Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light.

Shak.

We may neither be light in prayer, nor wrathful in debate.

J. M. Mason.

16. Wanton; unchaste; as a woman of light carriage.

A light wife doth make a heavy husband.

Shak.

17. Not of legal weight; clipped; diminished; as light coin.

To set light by, to undervalue; to slight; to treat as of no importance; to despise.

To make light of, to treat as of little consequence; to slight; to disregard.

Light

LIGHT, v. t. lite. To kindle; to inflame; to set fire to; as, to light a candle or lamp; sometimes with up; as, to light up an inextinguishable flame. We often hear lit used for lighted, as, he lit a candle; but this is inelegant.

2. To give light to.

Ah hopeless, lasting flames! like those that burn

To light the deadÃ‚--

Pope.

3. To illuminate; to fill or spread over with light; as, to light a room; to light the streets of a city.

4. To lighten; to ease of a burden. [Not in use. See Lighten.]

Spenser.

Light

LIGHT, v. i. lite. [Saxon lihtan, alihtan, gelihtan, to light or kindle, to lighten or alleviate, and to alight; hlihtan, to alight; Dutch lichten, to shine; ligten, to heave or lift; German lichten, to weigh, to lighten.]

1. To fall on; to come to by chance; to happen to find; with on.

A weaker man may sometimes light on notions which had escaped a wiser.

Watts.

2. To fall on; to strike.

They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat. Revelation 7.

3. To descend, as from a horse or carriage; with down, off, or from.

He lighted down from his chariot. 2 Kings 5.

She lighted off the camel. Genesis 24.

4. To settle; to rest; to stoop from flight.

The bee lights on this flower and that.

Light-Armed

LI'GHT-ARMED, adjective Armed with light weapons.

Light-Bearer

LI'GHT-BEARER, noun A torch-bearer.

B. Jonson.

Light-Brain

LI'GHT-BRAIN, noun An empty headed person.

Martin.

Lighted

LIGHTED, pp. li'ted. Kindled; set on fire; caused to burn. [Lit, for lighted, is inelegant.]

Lighten

LIGHTEN, v. i. li'tn. [from light, the fluid; Saxon lihtan.]

1. To flash; to burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with an instantaneous illumination.

This dreadful night

That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars

As doth the lion.

Shak.

2. To shine like lightning.

Shak.

3. To fall; to light. Obs.

Lighten

LIGHTEN, v. t. li'tn. To dissipate darkness; to fill with light; to spread over with light; to illuminate; to enlighten; as, to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets.

A key of fire ran all along the shore,

And lightened all the river with a blaze.

Dryden.

2. To illuminate with knowledge; in a moral sense.

A light to lighten the Gentiles. Luke 2.

3. To free from trouble and fill with joy.

They looked to him and were lightened. Psalm 34.

Lighten

LIGHTEN, v. t. li'tn. [from light, not heavy; Saxon lihtan.]

1. To make lighter; to reduce in weight; to make less heavy; as, to lighten a ship by unloading; to lighten a load or burden.

2. To alleviate; to make less burdensome or afflictive; as, to lighten the cares of life; to lighten the burden of grief.

3. To cheer; to exhilarate.

He lightens my humor with his merry jest.

Shak.

Lighter

LIGHTER, n. li'ter. One that lights; as a lighter of lamps.

2. A large open flat-bottomed boat, used in loading and unloading ships.

Lighterman

LIGHTERMAN, n. li'terman. A man who manages a lighter; a boatman.

Lightfingered

LIGHTFINGERED, a. li'tefingered. Dextrous in taking and conveying away; thievish; addicted to petty thefts.

Lightfoot

LIGHTFOOT, or LIGHTFOOTED, a. li'ttefoot, li'tefooted. Nimble in running or dancing; active. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Lightheaded

LI'GHTHEADED, adjective [See Head.] Thoughtless; heedless; weak; volatile; unsteady.

Clarendon.

2. Disordered in the head; dizzy; delirious.

Lightheadedness

LI'GHTHEADEDNESS, noun Disorder of the head; dizziness; deliriousness.

Lighthearted

LI'GHTHE`ARTED, adjective Free from grief or anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry.

Light-Horse

LI'GHT-HORSE, noun Light armed cavalry.

Light-House

LI'GHT-HOUSE, noun A pharos; a tower or building erected on a rock or point of land, or on an isle in the sea, with a light or number of lamps on the top, intended to direct seamen in navigating ships at night.

Lightlegged

LI'GHTLEGGED, adjective Nimble; swift of foot.

Sidney.

Lightless

LIGHTLESS, a. li'teless. Destitute of light; dark.

Lightly

LIGHTLY, adv. li'tely. With little weight; as, to tread lightly; to press lightly.

2. Without deep impression.

The soft ideas of the cheerful note,

Lightly received, were easily forgot.

Prior.

3. Easily; readily; without difficulty; of course.

4. Without reason, or for reasons of little weight.

Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly or lightly appear before great personages.

Taylor.

5. Without dejection; cheerfully.

Bid that welcome

Which comes to punish us, and we punish it,

Seeming to bear it lightly.

Shak.

6. Not chastely; wantonly.

7. Nimbly; with agility; not heavily or tardily.

He led me lightly o'er the stream.

8. Gayly; airily; with levity; without heed or care.

Lightminded

LIGHTMINDED, adjective Unsettled; unsteady; volatile; not considerate.

He that is hasty to give credit, is lightminded.

Ecclus.

Lightness

LIGHTNESS, n. li'teness. Want of weight; levity; the contrary to heaviness; as the lightness of air, compared with water.

2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness; the quality of mind which disposes it to be influenced by trifling considerations.

Ã‚--Such is the lightness of you common men.

Shak.

3. Levity; wantonness; lewdness; unchastity.

Shak. Sidney.

4. Agility; nimbleness.

Lightning

LIGHTNING, n. li'tening. [that is, lightening, the participle present of lighten.]

1. A sudden discharge of electricity from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a cloud, or from one cloud to another, that is, from a body positively charged to one negatively charged, producing a vivid flash of light, and usually a loud report, called thunder. Sometimes lightning is a mere instantaneous flash of light without thunder, as heat-lightning, lightning seen by reflection, the flash being beyond the limits of our horizon.

2. [from lighten, to diminish weight.] Abatement; alleviation; mitigation.

Spectator.

Lightroom

LI'GHTROOM, noun In a ship of war, a small apartment, having double glass windows towards the magazine, and containing lights by which the gunner fills cartridges.

Mar. Dict.

Lights

LIGHTS, n. lites. plu. [so called from their lightness.]

The lungs; the organs of breathing in animals. These organs in man we call lungs; in other animals, lights.

Lightsome

LIGHTSOME, a. li'tesome. Luminous; not dark; not obscure.

White walls make rooms more lightsome than black. [Little used.]

Bacon.

The lightsome realms of love.

Dryden.

[In the latter passage, the word is elegant.]

2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating.

That lightsome affection of joy.

Hooker.

Lightsomeness

LI'GHTSOMENESS, noun Luminousness; the quality of being light; opposed to darkness or darksomeness.

Cheyne.

2. Cheerfulness; merriment; levity.

[This word is little used.]

Lign-Aloes

LIGN-AL'OES, noun [Latin lignum, wood, and aloes.] Aloes-wood. Numbers 24.

Ligneous

LIG'NEOUS, adjective [Latin ligneus.] Wooden; made of wood; consisting of wood; resembling wood. The harder part of a plant is ligneous.

Lignification

LIGNIFIC'ATION, noun The process of becoming or of converting into wood, or the hard substance of a vegetable.

Good.

Ligniform

LIG'NIFORM, adjective [Latin lignum, wood, and form.] Like wood; resembling wood.

Kirwan.

Lignify

LIG'NIFY, verb transitive [Latin lignum, wood, and facio, to make.] To convert into wood.

Lignify

LIG'NIFY, verb intransitive To become wood.

Lignite

LIG'NITE, noun [Latin lignum.] Fossil or bituminous wood, a mineral combustible substance.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lignous

LIG'NOUS, adjective Ligneous. [Little used.]

Evelyn.

Lignum-Vitae

LIGNUM-VITAE, noun [Latin] Guaiacum or pockwood, a genus of plants, natives of warm climates. The common Lignumvitae is a native of the warm latitudes of America. It becomes a large tree, having a hard, brownish, brittle bark, and its wood firm, solid, ponderous, very resinous, of a blackish yellow color in the middle, and of a hot aromatic taste. It is of considerable use in medicine and the mechanical arts, being wrought into utensils, wheels, cogs, and various articles of turnery.

Encyc.

Ligulate

LIG'ULATE, or LIG'ULATED, adjective [Latin ligula, a strap.] Like a bandage or strap; as a ligulate flower, a species of compound flower, the florets of which have their corollets flat, spreading out towards the end, with the base only tubular. This is the semi-floscular flower of Tournefort.

Botany.

Ligure

LIG'URE, noun A kind of precious stone. Exodus 28.

Ligurite

LIG'URITE, noun [from Liguria.] A mineral occurring in oblique rhombic prisms, of an apple green color, occasionally speckled.

Phillips.

Like

LIKE, adjective [Saxon lic, gelic, Gothic leiks, Dutch lyk, gelyk, German gleich, Swedish lik, Danish lig, lige, like, plain, even, equal, smooth. The sense of like, similar, is even, smooth, equal, but this sense may be from laying, pressing, and hence this word may be allied to the Ethiopic lakeo, to stamp, seal, impress, whence its derivative, an image; or the sense be taken from rubbing or shaving. We observe that like has also the sense of please; to like is to be pleased. Now, if p in Latin placeo, is a prefix, the latter may be formed on the root of like. And if de is a prefix, in delight, delecto, delicious, delicate, these may be of the same family. Like is evidently from the same root as the Chaldee and Hebrew, Arabic chalaka, to be or make smooth. Qu. Greek,. See Lick and Lickerish.]

1. Equal in quantity, quality or degree; as a territory of like extent with another; men of like excellence.

More clergymen were impoverished by the late war, than ever in the like space before.

Sprat.

2. Similar; resembling; having resemblance.

Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are. James 5.

Why might not other planets have been created for like uses with the earth, each for its own inhabitants?

Bentley.

Like is usually followed by to or unto, but it is often omitted.

What city is like unto this great city? Revelation 18.

I saw three unclean spirits like frogs. Revelation 16.

Among them all was found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Danish i.

3. Probable; likely, that is, having the resemblance or appearance of an event; giving reason to expect or believe.

He is like to die of hunger in the place where he is, for there is no more bread. Jeremiah 38.

Many were not easy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to strict rules.

Clarendon.

Like

LIKE, noun [elliptically, for like thing, like event, like person.]

1. Some person or thing resembling another; an equal. The like may never happen again.

He was a man, take him for all and all,

I shall not look upon his like again.

Shak.

2. Had like, in the phrase, ``he had like to be defeated,' seems to be a corruption; but perhaps like here is used for resemblance or probability, and has the character of a noun. At any rate, as a phrase, it is authorized by good usage.

Like

LIKE, adverb In the same manner.

Ã‚--Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matthew 6. Luke 12.

Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Psalm 103.

2. In a manner becoming.

Be strong, and quit yourselves like men. 1 Samuel 4.

3. Likely; probably; as like enough it will.

Shak.

Like

LIKE, verb transitive [Saxon licean, lician; Gothic leikan; probably Latin placeo and delecto, with prefixes.]

1. To be pleased with in a moderate degree; to approve. It expresses less than love and delight. We like a plan or design, when we approve of it as correct or beneficial. We like the character or conduct of a man when it comports with our view of rectitude. We like food that the taste relishes. We like whatever gives us pleasure.

He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to loving.

Sidney.

2. To please; to be agreeable to.

This desire being recommended to her majesty, it liked her to include the same within one entire lease. Obs.

Bacon.

3. To liken. Obs.

Shak.

Like

LIKE, verb intransitive To be pleased; to choose.

He may go or stay, as he likes.

Locke.

2. To like of, to be pleased. Obs.

Knolles.

Likelihood

LI'KELIHOOD, noun [likely and hood.] Probability; verisimilitude; appearance of truth or reality. There is little likelihood that an habitual drunkard will become temperate. There is little likelihood that an old offender will be reformed. Prudence directs us not to undertake a design, when there is little or no likelihood of success.

2. Appearance; show; resemblance. Obs.

Shak.

Likeliness

LI'KELINESS, noun [from likely.] Probability.

2. The qualities that please. [See Likely.]

Likely

LI'KELY, adjective [that is, like-like.] Probable; that may be rationally thought or believed to have taken place in time past, or to be true now or hereafter; such as is more reasonable than the contrary. A likely story, is one which evidence, or the circumstances of the case render probable, and therefore credible.

2. Such as may be liked; pleasing; as a likely man or woman.

[This use of likely is not obsolete, as Johnson affirms, nor is it vulgar. But the English and their descendants in America differ in the application. The English apply the word to external appearance, and with them, likely is equivalent to handsome, well formed; as a likely man, a likely horse. In America, the word is usually applied to the endowments of the mind, or to pleasing accomplishments. With us, a likely man, is a man of good character and talents, or of good dispositions or accomplishments, that render him pleasing or respectable.]

Likely

LI'KELY, adverb Probably.

While man was innocent, he was likely ignorant of nothing important for him to know.

Glanville.

Like-Minded

LIKE-MINDED, adjective Having a like disposition or purpose. Romans 15.

Liken

LIKEN, v. t. li'kn. [Swedish likna; Danish ligner.] To compare; to represent as resembling or similar.

Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, that built his house on a rock. Matthew 6.

Likened

LI'KENED, participle passive Compared.

Likeness

LI'KENESS, noun Resemblance in form; similitude. The picture is a good likeness of the original.

2. Resemblance; form; external appearance. Guard against an enemy in the likeness of a friend.

3. One that resembles another; a copy; a counterpart.

I took you for your likeness, Chloe.

Prior.

4. An image, picture or statue, resembling a person or thing. Exodus 20.

Likening

LI'KENING, participle of the present tense Comparing; representing as similar.

Likewise

LI'KEWISE, adverb [like and wise.] In like manner; also; moreover; too.

For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Psalm 49.

Liking

LI'KING, participle of the present tense of like. Approving; being pleased with.

2. adjective Plump; full; of a good appearance. Danish i. Obs.

Liking

LI'KING, noun A good state of body; healthful appearance; plumpness.

Their young ones are in good likingÃ‚-- Job 39.

2. State of trial. [Not used.]

Dryden.

3. Inclination; pleasure; as, this is an amusement to your liking.

Spenser.

4. Delight in; pleasure in; with to.

He who has no liking to the whole, ought not to censure the parts.

Dryden.

Lilac

LI'LAC, noun [French lilas; Spanish lilac.] A plant or shrub of the genus Syringa, a native of Persia. The common lilac is cultivated for its flowers, which are purple or white.

Lilalite

LIL'ALITE, noun A species of earth of the argillaceous kind; called also lepidolite, which see.

Kirwan.

Liliaceous

LILIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin liliaceus, from lilium, a lily.]

Pertaining to lilies; lily-like. A liliaceous corol is one that has six regular petals.

Martyn.

Lilied

LIL'IED, adjective Embellished with lilies.

By sandy Ladon's lilied banks.

Milton.

Lill

LILL, verb transitive [See Loll. But lill is used in New England.]

Spenser.

Lilt

LILT, verb intransitive To do any thing with dexterity or quickness. [Local.]

Pegge.

2. To sing or play on the bagpipe.

Lily

LIL'Y, noun [Latin lilium; Greek; Spanish lirio.]

A genus of plants of many species, which are all bulbous-rooted, herbaceous perenials, producing bell-shaped, hexapetalous flowers of great beauty and variety of colors.

Encyc.

Lily of the valley, a plant of the genus Convallaria, with a monopetalous, bell-shaped corol, divided at the top into six segments.

Miller.

Lily-Daffodil

LILY-DAF'FODIL, noun A plant and flower.

Lily-Handed

LIL'Y-HANDED, adjective Having white delicate hands.

Spenser.

Lily-Hyacinth

LIL'Y-HYACINTH, noun A plant.

Miller.

Lily-Livered

LILY-LIV'ERED, adjective White-livered; cowardly. [Not used.]

Shak.

Limation

LIMA'TION, noun [Latin limo, to file.] The act of filing or polishing.

Limature

LI'MATURE, noun [Latin limo, to file.] A filing.

2. Filings; particles rubbed off by filing.

Johnson.

Limb

LIMB, n. lim. [Saxon lim; Danish Swedish lem; Latin limbus, edge or border, extremity; limes, limit, coinciding perhaps with Welsh llem, llym, sharp, or llamu, to leap. The sense of limb is from shooting or extending.]

1. Edge or border. This is the proper signification of the word; but in this sense it is limited chiefly to technical use, and applied to the sun, moon, or a star, to a leaf, to a quadrant, &c. We say, the sun or moon is eclipsed on its northern limb. But we never say, the limb of a board, of a tract of land or water, &c.

2. In anatomy, and in common use, an extremity of the human body; a member; a projecting part; as the arm or leg; that is, a shoot.

3. The branch of a tree; applied only to a branch of some size, and not to a small twig.

4. In botany, the border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corol.

Martyn.

Limb

LIMB, v. t. lim. To supply with limbs.

Milton.

2. To dismember; to tear off the limbs.

Limbat

LIM'BAT, noun A cooling periodical wind in the isle of Cyprus, blowing from the north west from eight o'clock, A. M. to the middle of the day or later.

Encyc.

Limbec

LIM'BEC, noun [contracted from alembic.] A still; a word not now used.

Limbec

LIMB'EC, verb transitive To strain or pass through a still. Obs.

Sandys.

Limbed

LIMB'ED, adjective In composition, formed with regard to limbs; as well-limbed; large-limbed; short-limbed.

Pope.

Limber

LIM'BER, adjective [perhaps from the Welsh llib, llibin; for m and b are convertible, and m before b, is often casual.]

Easily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding. In America, it is applied to material things; as a limber rod; a limber joint.

Limber

LIM'BER, noun In a ship, a square hole cut through the floor timbers, as a passage for water to the pump-well.

Mar. Dict.

Limberness

LIM'BERNESS, noun The quality of being easily bent; flexibleness; pliancy.

Limbers

LIM'BERS, noun A two-wheeled carriage, having boxes for ammunition.

2. Thills; shafts of a carriage. [Local.]

Limbilite

LIM'BILITE, noun A mineral from Limbourg, in Swabia, of a honey yellow color, and compact texture.

Saussure.

Limbless

LIMB'LESS, adjective Destitute of limbs.

Massinger.

Limb-Meal

LIMB'-MEAL, adjective Piece-meal.

Shak.

Limbo

LIM'BO, or LIM'BUS, noun [Latin limbus.] A region bordering on hell, or hell itself.

Shak.

Among catholics, a place where the souls of persons are lodged after death.

2. A place of restraint.

Dryden.

Lime

LIME, noun [Saxon lim, lime, whence geliman, to glue; Swedish Danish lim, Dutch lym, German leim and lehem, loam; Latin limus; Italian Spanish limo; probably Greek, and allied to clammy. On this word is formed slime.]

1. A viscous substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching birds.

Dryden.

2. Calcarious earth, oxyd of calcium, procured from chalk and certain stones and shells, by expelling from them the carbonic acid, by means of a strong heat in a furnance. The best lime for mortar or cement of obtained from limestone, or carbonate of lime, of which marble is a fine species.

Hooper. Nicholson.

The linden tree.

4. [French lime. See Lemon.] A species of acid fruit, smaller than the lemon.

Lime

LIME, verb transitive [Saxon geliman.] To smear with a viscous substance.

L'Estrange.

2. To entangle; to ensnare.

Shak.

3. To manure with lime.

Land may be improved by draining, marling and liming.

Child.

4. To cement.

Shak.

Lime-Burner

LI'ME-BURNER, noun One who burns stones to lime.

Limed

LI'MED, participle passive Smeared with lime; entangled; manured with lime.

Limehound

LI'MEHOUND, noun A dog used in hunting the wild boar; a limer.

Spenser.

Limekiln

LIMEKILN, n. li'mekil. A kiln or furnace in which stones or shells are exposed to a strong heat and reduced to lime.

Limestone

LI'MESTONE, noun Stone of which lime is made by the expulsion of its carbonic acid, or fixed air. It is called carbonate of lime. Of this there are several species.

Limetwig

LI'METWIG, noun A twig smeared with lime.

Milton.

Limetwigged

LI'METWIGGED, adjective Smeared with lime.

Addison.

Limewater

LI'MEWATER, noun Water impregnated with lime.

Liming

LI'MING, participle of the present tense Daubing with viscous matter; entangling; manuring with lime.

Limit

LIM'IT, noun [Latin limes; French limites. See Limb.]

1. Bound; border; utmost extent; the part that terminates a thing; as the limit of a town, city or empire; the limits of human knowledge.

2. The thing which bounds; restraint.

3. Limits, plu., the extent of the liberties of a prison.

Limit

LIM'IT, verb transitive To bound; to set bounds to.

2. To confine within certain bounds; to circumscribe; to restrain. The government of England is a limited monarchy.

They tempted God and limited the Holy One of Israel. Psalm 78.

3. To restrain from a lax or general signification. World sometimes signifies the universe, and sometimes its signification is limited to this earth.

Limitable

LIM'ITABLE, adjective That may be limited, circumscribed, bounded or restrained.

Hume.

Limitaneous

LIM'ITANEOUS, adjective Pertaining to bounds.

Dict.

Limitarian

LIMITA'RIAN, adjective That limits or circumscribes.

Limitarian

LIMITA'RIAN, noun One that limits; one who holds the doctrine that a part of the human race only are to be saved; opposed to universalist.

Huntington.

Limitary

LIM'ITARY, adjective Placed at the limit, as a guard.

Ã‚--Proud limitary cherub.

Milton.

Limitation

LIMITA'TION, noun [Latin limitatio.] The act of bounding or circumscribing.

2. Restriction; restraint; circumscription. The king consented to a limitation of his prerogatives. Government by the limitation of natural rights secures civil liberty.

3. Restriction; confinement from a lax indeterminate import. Words of general import are often to be understood with limitations.

4. A certain precint within which friars were allowed to beg or exercise their functions.

Gilping.

Limited

LIM'ITED, participle passive Bounded; circumscribed; restrained.

2. adjective Narrow; circumscribed. Our views of nature are very limited.

Limitedly

LIM'ITEDLY, adverb With limitation.

Limitedness

LIM'ITEDNESS, noun State of being limited.

Parker.

Limiter

LIM'ITER, noun He or that which limits or confines.

2. A friar licenced to beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was limited to a certain district.

Limitless

LIM'ITLESS, adjective Having no limits; unbounded.

Davies.

Limmer

LIM'MER, noun A limehound; a mongrel.

Johnson.

2. A dog engendered between a hound and a mastiff.

Bailey.

3. A thill or shaft. [Local. See Limber.]

4. A thill-horse. [Local.]

Limn

LIMN, v. t. lim. [French enluminer; Latin lumino.]

To draw or paint; or to paint in water colors.

Encyc.

Limned

LIM'NED, pp. lim'med. Painted.

Limner

LIM'NER, noun [French enlumineur; Latin illuminator, in the middle ages, alluminor.]

1. One that colors or paints on paper or parchment; one who decorates books with initial pictures.

Encyc.

2. A portrait painter.

Limning

LIMN'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing; painting; painting in water colors.

Limning

LIM'NING, noun The act or art of drawing or painting in water colors.

Addison.

Limous

LI'MOUS, adjective [Latin limosus, from limus, slime.] Muddy; slimy; thick.

Brown.

Limp

LIMP, verb intransitive [Saxon lemp-healt, lame; gelimpan, to happen, that is, to fall; allied perhaps to lame.] To halt; to walk lamely.

Bacon.

Limp

LIMP, noun A halt; act of limping.

Limp

LIMP, adjective Vapid; weak. [Not used.]

Walton.

Limper

LIMP'ER, noun One that limps.

Limpet

LIM'PET, noun [Latin lepas; Greek, from, to peel or strip off bark.]

A univalve shell of the genus Patella, adhering to rocks.

Limpid

LIM'PID, adjective [Latin limpidus.] Pure; clear; transparent; as a limpid stream.

Limpidness

LIM'PIDNESS, noun Clearness; purity.

Limping

LIM'PING, participle of the present tense Halting; walking lamely.

Limpingly

LIM'PINGLY, adverb Lamely; in a halting manner.

Limsy

LIM'SY, adjective [Welsh llymsi.] Weak; flexible.

N. England.

Limy

LI'MY, adjective [See Lime.] Viscous; glutinous; as limy snares.

2. Containing lime; as a limy soil.

3. Resembling lime; having the qualities of lime.

Lin

LIN, verb intransitive [Icelandic linna.] To yield. Obs.

Lin

LIN, noun [Celtic.] A pool or mere. [Not used.]

Linchpin

LINCH'PIN, noun [Saxon lynis, an axis, Dutch lens.]

A pin used to prevent the wheel of a carriage from sliding off the axle-tree.

Lincture

LINC'TURE, noun [Latin lingo, linctus.] Medicine taken by licking.

Burton.

Linden

LIN'DEN, noun [Saxon Swedish Danish lind; Dutch linde or linde-boom; German linde, lindenbaum.]

The lime-tree, or teil-tree, of the genus Tilia.

Dryden.

Line

LINE, noun [Latin linea; French ligne, from Latin linum; Greek, flax; German leine; Dutch lyn; Swedish lina; Danish line.]

1. In geometry, a quantity extended in length, without breadth or thickness; or a limit terminating a surface.

Encyc.

2. A slender string; a small cord or rope. The angler uses a line and hook. The seaman uses a hand line, a hauling line, spilling lines, &c.

3. A thread, string or cord extended to direct any operation.

We as by line upon the ocean go.

Dryden.

4. Lineament; a mark in the hand or face.

He tipples palmistry, and dines

On all her fortune-telling lines.

Cleaveland.

5. Delineation; sketch; as the lines of a building.

Temple.

6. Contour; outline; exterior limit of a figure.

Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line.

Pope.

7. In writing, printing and engraving, the words and letters which stand on a level in one row, between one margin and another; as a page of thirty lines.

8. In poetry, a verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet, according to the measure.

9. A short letter; a note. I received a line from my friend by the last mail.

10. A rank or row of soldiers, or the disposition of an army drawn up with an extended front; or the like disposition of a fleet prepared for engagement.

11. A trench or rampart; an extended work in fortification.

Unite thy forces and attack their lines.

Dryden.

12. Method; disposition; as line of order.

Shak.

13. Extension; limit; border.

Eden stretched her line

From Auran eastward to the royal towers

Of great Seleucia.

Milton.

14. Equator; equinoctial circle.

When the sun below the line descendsÃ‚--

Creech.

15. A series or succession of progeny or relations, descending from a common progenitor. We speak of the ascending or descending line; the line of descent; the male line; a line of kings.

16. The twelfth part of an inch.

17. A straight extended mark.

18. A straight or parallel direction. The houses must all stand in a line. Every new building must be set in a line with others on the same street.

19. Occupation; employment; department or course of business. We speak of men in the same line of business.

Washington.

20. Course; direction.

What general line of conduct ought to be pursued?

Washington.

21. Lint or flax. [Seldom used.]

Spenser.

22. In heraldry, lines are the figures used in armories to divide the shield into different parts, and to compose different figures.

Encyc.

23. In Scripture, line signifies a cord for measuring; also, instruction, doctrine. Psalm 19. Isaiah 28.

A right line, a straight or direct line; the shortest line that can be drawn between two points.

Horizontal line, a line drawn parallel to the horizon.

Equinoctial line, in geography, a great circle on the earth's surface, at 90 degrees distance from each pole, and bisecting the earth at that part. In astronomy, the circle which the sun seems to describe, in March and September, when the days and nights are of equal length.

Meridian line, an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of the earth, and any part of its surface.

A ship of the line, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle. All ships carrying seventy four or more large guns, are ships of the line. Smaller ships may sometimes be so called.

Line

LINE, verb transitive [supposed to be from Latin linum, flax, whence linen, which is often used for linings.]

1. To cover on the inside; as a garment lined with linen, fur or silk; a box lined with paper or tin.

2. To put in the inside.

Ã‚--What if I do line one of their hands?

Shak.

3. To place along by the side of any thing for guarding; as, to line a hedge with riflemen; to line works with soldiers.

4. To strengthen by additional works or men.

Line and new repair your towns of war

With men of courage.

Shak.

5. To cover; to add a covering; as, to line a crutch.

Shak.

6. To strengthen with any thing added.

Who lined himself with hope.

Shak.

7. To impregnate; applied to irrational animals.

Creech.

Lineage

LIN'EAGE, noun [French lignage, from ligne, line.]

Race; progeny; descendants in a line from a common progenitor.

Lineal

LIN'EAL, adjective [Latin linealis, from linea, line.]

1. Composed of lines; delineated; as lineal designs.

Wotton.

2. In a direct line from an ancestor; as lineal descent; lineal succession.

Locke.

3. Hereditary; derived from ancestors.

Shak.

4. Allied by direct descent.

For only you are lineal to the throne.

Dryden.

5. In the direction of a line; as lineal measure.

Lineal measure, the measure of length.

Lineality

LINEAL'ITY, noun The state of being in the form of a line.

Am. Review.

Lineally

LIN'EALLY, adverb In a direct line; as, the prince is lineally descended from the conqueror.

Lineament

LIN'EAMENT, noun [French from Latin lineamentum.]

Feature; form; make; the outline or exterior of a body or figure, particularly of the face.

Man he seems

In all his lineaments.

Milton.

Ã‚--The lineaments of the body.

Locke.

Ã‚--Lineaments of a character.

Swift.

Linear

LIN'EAR, adjective [Latin linearis.] Pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight direction.

2. In botany, like a line; slender; of the same breadth throughout, except at the extremities; as a linear leaf.

Linear numbers, in mathematics, such as have relation to length only; such is a number which represents one side of a plane figure. If the plane figure is a square, the linear figure is called a root.

Encyc.

Linear problem, that which may be solved geometrically by the intersection of two right lines.

Encyc.

Lineate

LIN'EATE, adjective In botany, marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines; as a lineate leaf.

Lineation

LINEA'TION, noun Draught; delineation, which see.

Woodward.

Lined

LI'NED, participle passive Covered on the inside.

Linen

LIN'EN, noun [Latin linum, flax, Greek, Welsh llin, Irish lin, Russian len, German lein. The sense is probably long, extended or smooth. In the latter sense, it would accord with Latin linio, lenio.]

1. Cloth made of flax or hemp.

2. An under garment.

Linen

LIN'EN, adjective [Latin lineus.] Made of flax or hemp; as linen cloth; a linen stocking.

2. Resembling linen cloth; white; pale.

Shak.

Fossil-linen, a kind of amianth, with soft, parallel, flexible fibers.

Encyc.

Linen-Draper

LIN'EN-DRAPER, noun A person who deals in linens.

Linener and linen-man, in a like sense, are obsolete.

Ling

LING, noun [Dutch leng; Irish long; probably Saxon leng, long.]

A fish of the genus Gadus, or cod kind, which grows to the length of four feet or more, is very slender, with a flat head. This fish abounds on the coasts of Scotland and Ireland, and forms a considerable article of commerce.

Encyc.

Ling

LING, noun [Icelandic ling, from leng, long.] A species of long grass; heath.

Jamieson. Cyc.

Ling, a Saxon termination, as in darling, firstling, denotes primarily state, condition, or subject. In some words, it denotes the young of an animal, or a small one.

Linger

LIN'GER, verb intransitive [from the root of long, Saxon leng.]

1. To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow.

Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind.

Gray.

Whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not. 2 Peter 2.

2. To hesitate; to be slow in deciding; to be in suspense.

Perhaps thou lingerest, in deep thought detained.

Milton.

3. To remain long in any state. The patient lingers on a bed of sickness.

Linger

LIN'GER, verb transitive To protract.

Shak.

Lingerer

LIN'GERER, noun One who lingers.

Lingering

LIN'GERING, participle of the present tense Delaying; loitering.

2. adjective Drawing out in time; remaining long; protracted; as a lingering disease.

To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly.

Rambler.

Lingering

LIN'GERING, noun A delaying; a remaining long; tardiness; protraction.

The lingerings of holyday customs.

Irving.

Lingeringly

LIN'GERINGLY, adverb With delay; slowly; tediously.

Hale.

Linget

LIN'GET, noun [French lingot, from languette, a tongue.]

A small mass of metal.

Camden.

Lingle

LIN'GLE, noun [French ligneul, from ligne.] Shoemaker's thread. [Not in use or local.]

Drayton.

Lingo

LIN'GO, noun [Latin lingua.] Language; speech. [Vulgar.]

Linguadental

LINGUADENT'AL, adjective [Latin lingua, tongue, and dens, a tooth.]

Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth; as the letters d and t.

Holder.

Linguadental

LINGUADENT'AL, noun An articulation formed by the tongue and teeth.

Linguaform

LIN'GUAFORM, adjective [lingua and form.] Having the form or shape of the tongue.

Martyn.

Lingual

LIN'GUAL, adjective [Latin lingua, the tongue.] Pertaining to the tongue; as the lingual nerves, the ninth pair, which go to the tongue; the lingual muscle, or muscle of the tongue.

Linguist

LIN'GUIST, noun [Latin lingua, tongue.] A person skilled in languages; usually applied to a person well versed in the languages taught in colleges, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.

Milton.

Lingulate

LIN'GULATE, adjective [Latin lingulatus, from lingua, tongue.]

Shaped like the tongue or a strap. [But ligulate is more generally used.]

Martyn.

Lingwort

LINGWORT, noun An herb.

Liniment

LIN'IMENT, noun [French from Latin linimentum, from linio, lino, to anoint.]

A species of soft ointment; a composition of a consistence somewhat thinner than an unguent, but thicker than oil.

Encyc.

Lining

LI'NING, participle of the present tense [See Line.] Covering on the inside, as a garment.

Lining

LI'NING, noun The inner covering of any thing, as of a garment or a box. The pleura is called the lining of the thorax.

2. That which is within.

Shak.

Link

LINK, noun [German gelenk, a joint, a ring, a swivel, a link, and as an adjective, flexible, limber, from lenken, to bend; Danish lenke, a chain.]

1. A single ring or division of a chain.

2. Any thing doubled and closed like a link; as a link of horse hair.

Mortimer.

3. A chain; any thing connecting.

Ã‚--And love, the common link, the new creation crowned.

Dryden.

4. Any single constituent part of a connected series. This argument is a link in the chain of reasoning.

5. A series; a chain.

Link

LINK, noun [Greek, Latin lychnus, a lamp or candle, coinciding in elements with light.]

A torch made of tow or hards, &c., and pitch.

Shak. Dryden.

Link

LINK, verb transitive To complicate.

Johnson.

2. To unite or connect by something intervening or in other manner.

Ã‚--Link towns to towns by avenues of oak.

Pope.

Ã‚--And creature link'd to creature, man to man.

Pope.

Link

LINK, verb intransitive To be connected.

Burke.

Linkboy

LINK'BOY, or LINK'MAN, noun A boy or man that carries a link or torch to light passengers.

More. Gay.

Linked

LINK'ED, participle passive United; connected.

Linking

LINK'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting; connecting.

Linnet

LIN'NET, noun [French linot; Welsh llinos, from llÃƒ-ªn, flax, and called also in Welsh adern y llin, flax-bird; Saxon linetwege. So in Latin carduelis, from carduus, a thistle.]

A small singing bird of the genus Fringilla.

Linseed

LINSEED. [See Lintseed.]

Linsey-Woolsey

LIN'SEY-WOOLSEY, adjective Made of linen and wool; hence, vile; mean; of different and unsuitable parts.

Johnson.

Linstock

LIN'STOCK, noun [lint and stock.] A pointed staff with a crotch or fork at one end, to hold a lighted match; used in firing cannon. It may be stuck in the ground or in the deck of a ship.

Encyc.

Lint

LINT, noun [Saxon linet, Latin linteum, linteus, from linum, flax.]

Flax; but more generally, linen scraped into a soft substance, and used for dressing wounds and sores.

Lintel

LINT'EL, noun [French linteau; Spanish lintel or dintel.]

The head-piece of a door-frame or window-frame; the part of the frame that lies on the side-pieces. Exodus 12.

Lintseed

LINT'SEED, noun [lint, flax, and seed; Saxon linsoed.] Flaxseed.

Lion

LI'ON, noun [French from Latin leo, leonis, Greek, Armoric leon, Welsh llew, a lion; llewa, to swallow, to devour.]

1. A quadruped of the genus Felis, very strong, fierce and rapacious. The largest lions are eight or nine feet in length. The male has a thick head, beset with long bushy hair of a yellowish color. The lion is a native of Africa and the warm climates of Asia. His aspect is noble, his gait stately, and his roar tremendous.

2. A sign in the zodiac.

Lioness

LI'ONESS, noun The female of the lion kind.

Lionlike

LI'ONLIKE, adjective Like a lion; fierce.

Camden.

Lion-Mettled

LI'ON-METTLED, adjective Having the courage and spirit of a lion.

Hillhouse.

Lions Foot

LION'S FOOT, noun A plant of the genus Catananche.

Lions Leaf

LION'S LEAF, noun A plant of the genus Leontice.

Lions Tail

LION'S TAIL, noun A plant of the genus Leonurus.

Lip

LIP, noun [Saxon lippa, lippe; Dutch lip; German Danish lippe; Swedish l?pp; Latin labium, labrum; Italian labbro; Spanish labio; French levre; Irish clab or liobhar; Pers.. It may be connected with Welsh llavaru, Irish labhraim, to speak, that is, to thrust out. The sense is probably a border.]

1. The edge or border of the mouth. The lips are two fleshy or muscular parts, composing the exterior of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man, the lips, which may be opened or closed at pleasure, form the covering of the teeth, and are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence the lips, by a figure, denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. Job 2.

2. The edge of any thing; as the lip of a vessel.

Burnet.

3. In botany, one of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corol. The upper is called the helmet, and the lower the beard. Also, an appendage to the flowers of the orchises, considered by Linne as a nectary.

Martyn. Smith.

To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt.

Shak.

Lip

LIP, verb transitive To kiss.

Shak.

Lip-Devotion

LIP-DEVO'TION, noun Prayers uttered by the lips without the desires of the heart.

Lipgood

LIP'GOOD, adjective Good in profession only.

B. Jonson.

Lip-Labor

LIP'-LABOR, noun Labor or action of the lips without concurrence of the mind; words without sentiments.

Lipogram

LIP'OGRAM, noun [Greek, to leave, and, a letter.]

A writing in which a single letter is wholly omitted.

Lipogrammatist

LIPOGRAM'MATIST, noun One who writes any thing, dropping a single letter.

Addison.

Lipothymous

LIPOTH'YMOUS, adjective [See Lipothymy.] Swooning; fainting.

Lipothymy

LIPOTH'YMY, noun [Greek; to fail, and, soul.]

A fainting; a swoon.

Coxe. Taylor.

Lipped

LIP'PED, adjective Having lips.

2. In botany, labiate.

Lippitude

LIP'PITUDE, noun [Latin lippitudo, from lippus, blear-eyed.]

Soreness of eyes; blearedness.

Bacon.

Lip-Wisdom

LIP'-WISDOM, noun Wisdom in talk without practice; wisdom in words not supported by experience.

Sidney.

Liquable

LIQ'UABLE, adjective [See Liquate.] That may be melted.

Liquation

LIQUA'TION, noun [Latin liquatio. See Liquate.]

1. The act or operation of melting.

2. The capacity of being melted; as a substance congealed beyond liquation.

Brown.

Liquate

LI'QUATE, verb intransitive [Latin liquo.] To melt; to liquefy; to be dissolved. [Little used.]

Woodward.

Liquefaction

LIQUEFAC'TION, noun [Latin liquefactio, from liquefacio.]

The act or operation of melting or dissolving; the conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat or caloric. Liquefaction, in common usage, signifies the melting of any substance, but by some authors it is applied to the melting of substances, which pass through intermediate states of softness before they become fluid, as tallow, wax, resin, &c.

Coxe's Dispensatory.

2. The state of being melted.

Liquefiable

LIQ'UEFIABLE, adjective That may be melted, or changed from a solid to a liquid state.

Bacon.

Liquefier

LIQ'UEFIER, noun That which melts any solid substance.

Liquefy

LIQ'UEFY, verb transitive [French liquefier, from Latin liquefacio. See Liquid.]

To melt; to dissolve; to convert from a fixed or solid form to that of a liquid, and technically, to melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric.

Liquefy

LIQ'UEFY, verb intransitive To be melted; to become liquid.

Addison.

Liquefying

LIQ'UEFYING, participle of the present tense Melting; becoming liquid.

Liquescency

LIQUES'CENCY, noun [Latin liquescentia.] Aptness to melt.

Johnson.

Liquescent

LIQUES'CENT, adjective Melting; becoming fluid.

Liqueur

LIQUEUR, noun [French] A spirituous cordial.

Liquid

LIQ'UID, adjective [Latin liquidus, from liquo, to melt, Irish leagham; probably from flowing, and coinciding with Saxon loge, water, Latin lix, and lug, in Lugdunum, Leyden, Lyons.]

Fluid; flowing or capable of flowing; not fixed or solid. But liquid is not precisely synonymous with fluid. Mercury and air are fluid, but not liquid.

2. Soft; clear; flowing; smooth; as liquid melody.

Crashaw.

3. Pronounced without any jar; smooth; as a liquid letter.

4. Dissolved; not obtainable by law; as a liquid debt. Obs.

Ayliffe.

Liquid

LIQ'UID, noun A fluid or flowing substance; a substance whose parts change their relative position on the slightest pressure, and which flows on an inclined plane; as water, wine, milk, &c.

2. In grammar, a letter which has a smooth flowing sound, or which flows smoothly after a mute; as l and r, in bla, bra. M and n are also called liquids.

Liquidate

LIQ'UIDATE, verb transitive [French liquider; Latin liquido.] To clear from all obscurity.

Time only can liquidate the meaning of all parts of a compound system.

Hamilton.

2. To settle; to adjust; to ascertain or reduce to precision in amount.

Which method of liquidating the amercement to a precise sum, was usually performed in the superior courts.

Blackstone.

The clerk of the commons' house of assembly in 1774, gave certificates to the public creditors that their demands were liquidated, and should be provided for in the next tax-bill.

Ramsay.

The domestic debt may be subdivided into liquidated and unliquidated.

Hamilton.

3. To pay; to settle, adjust and satisfy; as a debt.

Wheaton.

Kyburgh was ceded to Zuric by Sigismond, to liquidate a debt of a thousand florins.

Coxe's Switz.

Liquidated

LIQ'UIDATED, participle passive Settled; adjusted; reduced to certainty; paid.

Liquidating

LIQ'UIDATING, participle of the present tense Adjusting; ascertaining; paying.

Liquidation

LIQUIDA'TION, noun The act of settling and adjusting debts, or ascertaining their amount or balance due.

Liquidator

LIQ'UIDATOR, noun He or that which liquidates or settles.

E. Everett.

Liquidity

LIQUID'ITY, noun [French liquiditÃƒ-©.] The quality of being fluid or liquid.

2. Thinness.

Glanville.

Liquidness

LIQ'UIDNESS, noun The quality of being liquid; fluency.

Boyle.

Liquor

LIQ'UOR, n. lik'or. [Saxon loge; French liqueur; Latin liquor.]

A liquid or fluid substance. [See Liquid.] Liquor is a word of general signification, extending to water, milk, blood, sap, juice, &c.; but its most common application is to spirituous fluids, whether distilled or fermented, to decoctions, solutions, tinctures.

Milton.

Liquor

LIQ'UOR, verb transitive To moisten; to drench. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Liquorice

LIQUORICE, [See Licorice.]

Lisbon

LIS'BON, noun A species of wine exported from Lisbon, in Portugal.

Lisne

LISNE, noun A cavity or hollow. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Lisp

LISP, verb intransitive [German lispeln, Dutch lispen, to lisp; Saxon vlisp or vlips, a lisping; Swedish l?spa, Russian lepetzu, to lisp.]

To speak with a particular articulation of the tongue and teeth, nearly as in pronouncing th. Lisping is particularly noticed in uttering th for s, as yeth for yes. It is most common in children.

I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came.

Pope.

Lisp

LISP, verb transitive To pronounce with a lisp; as, she lisped a few words.

Lisp

LISP, noun The act of lisping, as in uttering an aspirated th for s.

Lisper

LISP'ER, noun One that lisps.

Lisping

LISP'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering with a lisp.

Lispingly

LISP'INGLY, adverb With a lisp.

Holder.

List

LIST, noun [Saxon Swedish list; Italian Spanish lista; French Danish liste; Dutch lyst; German litze. If list, a roll or catalogue, and list, a border or strip of cloth, are from the same root, we find the original orthography in the Armoric lez, and Spanish liza, and perhaps the Latin licium, French lice. But in some languages the words are distinguished; French liste, a roll, and lisiere, a list or selvage of cloth.]

1. In commerce, the border, edge or selvage of cloth; a strip of cloth forming the border, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it.

2. A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Hence, to enter the lists, is to accept a challenge or engage in contest. Hence,

3. A limit or boundary; a border.

4. In architecture, a little square molding; a fillet; called also a listel.

5. A roll or catalogue, that is, a row or line; as a list of names; a list of books; a list of articles; a list of ratable estate.

6. A strip of cloth; a fillet.

Swift.

Civil list, in Great Britain and the United States, the civil officers of government, as judges, embassadors, secretaries, &c. Hence it is used for the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers.

List

LIST, verb transitive [from list, a roll.] To enroll; to register in a list or catalogue; to enlist. The latter is the more elegant word. Hence,

2. To engage in the public service, as soldiers.

They in my name are listed.

Dryden.

3. To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.

Dryden.

4. To sew together, as strips of cloth; or to form a border.

Wotton.

5. To cover with a list, or with strips of cloth; as, to list a door.

6. To hearken; to attend; a contraction of listen, which see.

List

LIST, verb intransitive To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist. [The latter is the more elegant word. See Enlist.]

List

LIST, verb intransitive [Saxon lystan; German lÃƒ-¼sten; Dutch lusten; Swedish lysta; Danish lyster. See Lust. The primary sense seems to be to lean, incline, advance or stretch toward. [See the Noun.]

Properly, to lean or incline; to be propense; hence, to desire or choose.

Let other men think of your devices as they list.

Whitgifte.

The wind bloweth where it listeth. John 3.

List

LIST, noun In the language of seamen, an inclination to one side. The ship has a list to port.

Mar. Dict.

Listed

LIST'ED, participle passive Striped; particolored in stripes.

2. Covered with list.

3. Inclosed for combat.

4. Engaged in public service; enrolled.

Listel

LIST'EL, noun A list in architecture; a fillet.

Encyc.

Listen

LIST'EN, v. i. lis'n. [Saxon lystan or hlystan; Dutch luisteren. Qu. German lauschen; Scot. lith.]

1. To hearken; to give ear; to attend closely with a view to hear.

On the green bank I sat, and listened long.

Dryden.

2. To obey; to yield to advice; to follow admonition.

Listen

LIS'TEN, v. t. lis'n. To hear; to attend.

Shak.

Listener

LIST'ENER, noun One who listens; a hearkener.

Lister

LIST'ER, noun One who makes a list or roll.

Listful

LIST'FUL, adjective Attentive. Obs.

Spenser.

Listing

LIST'ING, participle of the present tense Inclosing for combat; covering with list; enlisting.

Listless

LIST'LESS, adjective Not listening; not attending; indifferent to what is passing; heedless; inattentive; thoughtless; careless; as a listless hearer or spectator.

Listlessly

LIST'LESSLY, adverb Without attention; heedlessly.

Listlessness

LIST'LESSNESS, noun Inattention; heedlessness; indifference to what is passing and may be interesting.

Lit

LIT, preterit tense of light. The bird lit on a tree before me.

I lit my pipe with the paper.

Addison.

[This word, though used by some good writers, is very inelegant.]

Litany

LIT'ANY, noun [French litanie, Greek, supplication, from,, to pray.]

A solemn form of supplication, used in public worship.

Supplications for the appeasing of God's wrath, were by the Greek church termed litanies, by the Latin, rogations.

Hooker.

Lite

LITE, adjective Little. [Not in use.]

Liter

LITER, noun [French litre, from Greek.] A French measure of capacity, being a cubic decimeter, containing, according to Lunier, about a pint and a half old French measure. The liter is equal to 60,02800 cubic inches, or nearly 2 1/8 wine pints.

Cyc.

Literal

LIT'ERAL, adjective [French from Latin litera, a letter.]

1. According to the letter; primitive; real; not figurative or metaphorical; as the literal meaning of a phrase.

2. Following the letter or exact words; not free; as a literal translation.

3. Consisting of letters.

The literal notation of numbers was known to Europeans before the ciphers.

Johnson.

Literal

LIT'ERAL, noun Literal meaning. [Not used.]

Brown.

Literalism

LIT'ERALISM, noun That which accords with the letter.

Milton.

Literality

LITERAL'ITY, noun Original or literal meaning.

Brown.

Literally

LIT'ERALLY, adverb According to the primary and natural import of words; not figuratively. A man and his wife cannot be literally one flesh.

2. With close adherence to words; word by word.

So wild and ungovernable a poet cannot be translated literally.

Dryden.

Literary

LIT'ERARY, adjective [Latin literarius.] Pertaining to letters or literature; respecting learning or learned men; as a literary history; literary conversation.

2. Derived from erudition; as literary fame.

3. Furnished with erudition; versed in letters; as a literary man.

4. Consisting in letters, or written or printed compositions; as literary property.

Literate

LIT'ERATE, adjective [Latin literatus.] Learned; lettered; instructed in learning and science.

Johnson.

Literati

LITERA'TI, n. plu. [Latin literatus.] The learned; men of erudition.

Spectator.

Literator

LIT'ERATOR, noun [Latin] A petty schoolmaster.

Burke.

Literature

LIT'ERATURE, noun [Latin literatura.] Learning; acquaintance with letters or books. Literature comprehends a knowledge of the ancient languages, denominated classical, history, grammar, rhetoric, logic, geography, &c. as well as of the sciences. A knowledge of the world and good breeding give luster to literature.

Lith

LITH, noun [Saxon] A joint or limb. Obs.

Chaucer.

Lithanthrax

LITHAN'THRAX, noun [Greek, a stone, and, a coal.]

Stone-coal, a black, compact, brittle, inflammable substance, of laminated texture, more or less shining.

Nicholson.

Litharge

LITH'ARGE, noun [French from Latin lithargyros, Greek, the spume or scum of silver.]

A semi-vitreous oxyd of lead, produced in refining silver by cupellation with lead. It appears in the form of soft flakes, or semi-transparent shining plates.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Encyc. Nicholson.

Lithe

LITHE, adjective [Saxon lith, lithe; Welsh llyth.] That may be easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber; as the elephant's lithe proboscis.

Milton.

Lithe

LITHE, verb transitive To smooth; to soften; to palliate. Obs.

Chaucer.

2. To listen. obsolete [See Listen.]

Litheness

LI'THENESS, noun Flexibility; limberness.

Lither

LI'THER, adjective Soft; pliant. Obs.

Shak.

2. [Saxon lythr.] Bad; corrupt. Obs.

Woolton.

Litherly

LI'THERLY, adverb Slowly; lazily. Obs.

Barret.

Litherness

LI'THERNESS, noun Idleness; laziness. Obs.

Barret.

Lithia

LITH'IA, noun A new alkali, found in a mineral called petalite, of which the basis is a metal called lithium.

Davy. Ure.

Lithiate

LITH'IATE, noun [Greek, a stone.] A salt or compound formed by the lithic acid combined with a base.

Hooper.

Lithic

LITH'IC, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to the stone in the bladder. The lithic acid is obtained from a calculus in the bladder.

Lithobiblion

LITHOBIBLION, [See Lithophyl.]

Lithocarp

LITH'OCARP, noun [Greek, a stone, and, fruit.] Fossil fruit; fruit petrified.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lithocolla

LITH'OCOLLA, noun [Greek, a stone, and, glue.] A cement that unites stones.

Ash.

Lithodendron

LITHODEN'DRON, noun [Greek, stone, and, tree.] Coral; so called from its resembling a petrified branch.

Parr.

Lithogenesy

LITHOGEN'ESY, noun [Greek, stone, and, generation.]

The doctrine or science of the origin of minerals composing the globe, and of the causes which have produced their form and disposition.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lithoglyphite

LITHOGLYPH'ITE, noun [Greek, stone, and, to engrave.]

A fossil that presents the appearance of being engraved or shaped by art.

Lunier.

Lithographer

LITHOG'RAPHER, noun [See Lithography.] One who practices lithography.

Lithographic

LITHOGRAPH'IC, or LITHOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to lithography.

Lithographically

LITHOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb By the lithographic art.

Lithography

LITHOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, stone, and, to engrave or write.]

The art of engraving, or of tracing letters, figures or other designs on stone, and of transferring them to paper by impression; an art recently invented by Mr. Sennefelder of Munich, in Bavaria.

Journ. of Science.

Lithologic

LITHOLOG'IC, or LITHOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Lithology.] Pertaining to the science of stones.

Lithologist

LITHOL'OGIST, noun A person skilled in the science of stones.

Lithology

LITHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, stone, and, discourse.]

1. The science or natural history of stones.

Fourcroy.

2. A treatise on stones found in the body.

Coxe.

Lithomancy

LITH'OMANCY, noun [Greek, stone, and, divination.]

Divination or prediction of events by means of stones.

Brown.

Lithomarga

LITHOMAR'GA, or LITH'OMARGE, noun [Greek, stone, and Latin marga, marl.]

An earth of two species, friable and indurated, more siliceous than aluminous, distinguished by its great fineness and its fusibility into a soft slag.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Kirwan. Ure.

Lithontriptic

LITHONTRIP'TIC, adjective [Greek, stone, and, to wear or break.]

Having the quality of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys.

Lithontriptic

LITHONTRIP'TIC, noun A medicine which has the power of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys; a solvent of stone in the human urinary passages.

Coxe.

Lithontriptor

LITH'ONTRIPTOR, or LITH'OTRITOR, noun An instrument for triturating the stone in the bladder, so that it may be extracted without cutting; recently invented by Dr. Civiale.

Lithontripty

LITH'ONTRIPTY, or LITH'OTRITY, noun The operation of triturating the stone in the bladder, by means of an instrument called lithotritor.

Lithophagous

LITHOPH'AGOUS, adjective [Greek, stone, and, to eat.]

Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich.

Lithophosphor

LITH'OPHOSPHOR, noun [Greek, stone, and.]

A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lithophosphoric

LITHOPHOSPHOR'IC, adjective Pertaining to lithophosphor; becoming phosphoric by heat.

Lithophyl

LITH'OPHYL, noun [Greek, stone, and, a leaf.]

Bibliolite or lithobiblion, fossil leaves, or the figures of leaves on fossils.

Lithophyte

LITH'OPHYTE, noun [Greek, stone, and, a plant; literally, stone-plant.]

Stone-coral; a name given to those species of polypiers, whose substance is stony. The older naturalists classed them with vegetables.

Cuvier. Ray.

Lithophytic

LITHOPHYT'IC, adjective Pertaining to lithophytes.

Lithophytous

LITH'OPHYTOUS, adjective Pertaining to or consisting of lithophytes.

Lithotome

LITH'OTOME, noun [Greek, stone, and, to cut.]

A stone so formed naturally as to appear as if cut artificially.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lithotomic

LITHOTOM'IC, adjective Pertaining to or performed by lithotomy.

Lithotomist

LITHOT'OMIST, noun [See Lithotomy.] One who performs the operation of cutting for the stone in the bladder; or one who is skilled in the operation.

Lithotomy

LITHOT'OMY, noun [Greek, stone, and, to cut.]

The operation, art or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder.

Lithoxyle

LITHOX'YLE, noun [Greek, stone, and, wood.]

Petrified wood. It differs from lignite, being really changed into stone; such as silicified woods, which are changed into varieties of silex, &c.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lithy

LITH'Y, adjective [See Lithe.] Easily bent; pliable. [This is probably the word which, in our popular use, is pronounced lathy.]

Litigant

LIT'IGANT, adjective [See Litigate.] Contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit; as the parties litigant.

Ayliffe.

Litigant

LIT'IGANT, noun A person engaged in a lawsuit.

L'Estrange.

Litigate

LIT'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin litigo, from lis, litis, a contest or debate; Arabic ladda, to dispute. Class Ld. No. 2. Lis, litis, coincides with the Saxon flit, contention; flitan, to contend.]

To contest in law; to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and judicial debate; as, to litigate a cause or a question.

Litigate

LIT'IGATE, verb intransitive To dispute in law; to carry on a suit by judicial process.

Litigated

LIT'IGATED, participle passive Contested judicially.

Litigating

LIT'IGATING, participle of the present tense Contesting in law.

Litigation

LITIGA'TION, noun The act or process of carrying on a suit in a court of law or equity for the recovery of a right or claim; a judicial contest.

Litigious

LITIG'IOUS, adjective [French litigieux; Latin litigiosus.]

1. Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of contending in law; quarrelsome; contentious; applied to persons. A litigious man is a bad neighbor and a bad citizen.

2. Disputable; controvertible; subject to contention; as litigious right.

Blackstone.

No fences, parted fields, nor marks nor bounds,

Distinguish'd acres of litigious grounds.

Dryden.

Litigiously

LITIG'IOUSLY, adverb In a contentious manner.

Litigiousness

LITIGIOUSNESS, noun A disposition to engage in or to carry on lawsuits; inclination to judicial contests.

Litmus

LIT'MUS, or LAC'MUS, noun A blue pigment, formed from archil, a species of lichen. [See Archil.] It is prepared by bruising the archil, and adding quick lime and putrefied urine, or spirit of urine distilled from lime. The mixture, after cooling and the evaporation of the fluid, becomes a mass of the consistence of paste, which is laid on a board to dry in square lumps.

Encyc.

Litorn

LIT'ORN, noun A bird, a species of thrush, in size and shape resembling the henblackbird.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Litote

LIT'OTE, noun [Greek, slender.] Diminution; extenuation.

Pope.

Litter

LIT'TER, noun [French litiere, from lit; contracted from Latin lectus, from the root of lego, lay; Italian lettica or lettiga; Spanish litera; Portugese liteira; Armoric leter.]

1. A vehicle formed with shafts supporting a bed between them, in which a person may be borne by men or by a horse. If by the latter, it is called a horse-litter. A similar vehicle in India is called a palanquin.

2. Straw, hay or other soft substance, used as a bed for horses and for other purposes.

3. [Icelandic lider, generation, from the root of lad, leod.] A brood of young pigs, kittens, puppies, or other quadrupeds. The word is applied only to certain quadrupeds of the smaller kinds. [Qu. the root of lad.]

4. A birth of pigs or other small animals.

5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and the like, scattered on a floor or other clean place.

Litter

LIT'TER, verb transitive To bring forth young, as swine and other small quadrupeds. It is sometimes applied to human beings in contempt.

Shak.

2. To scatter over carelessly with shreds, fragments and the like; as, to litter a room or a carpet.

Swift.

3. To cover with straw or hay; as, to litter a stable.

Dryden.

4. To supply with litter; as, to litter cattle.

Littered

LIT'TERED, participle passive Furnished with straw.

2. adjective Covered or overspread with litter, pieces, shreds, &c.

Little

LIT'TLE, adjective comp. less, lesser; sup. least. [Saxon lytel, lytle; Scot. lite, lyte, adv. lyt; Gothic leitil; Swedish liten; Danish liden; Dutch luttel; probably from the sense of diminishing. Class Ld. No. 15. 22. 31.]

1. Small in size or extent; not great or large; as a little body; a little animal; a little piece of ground; a little table; a little book; a little hill; a little distance; a little child.

2. Short in duration; as a little time or season; a little sleep.

3. Small in quantity or amount; as a little hay or grass; a little food; a little sum; a little light; a little air or water.

4. Of small dignity, power or importance.

When thou wast little in thy own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes? 1 Samuel 15.

5. Of small force or effect; slight; inconsiderable; as little attention or exertions; little effort; little care or diligence; little weight.

Little

LIT'TLE, noun A small quantity or amount. He demanded much and obtained little.

He had little of his father's liberality.

2. A small space.

Much was in little writÃ‚--

Dryden.

3. Any thing small, slight, or of inconsiderable importance.

I view with anger and disdain,

How little gives thee joy and pain.

Prior.

4. Not much.

These they are fitted for, and little else.

Cheyne.

Little

LIT'TLE, adverb In a small degree; slightly; as, he is little changed. It is a little discolored.

2. Not much; in a small quantity or space of time. He sleeps little.

3. In some degree; slightly; sometimes preceded by adjective The liquor is a little sour or astringent.

Littleness

LIT'TLENESS, noun Smallness of size or bulk; as the littleness of the body or of an animal.

2. Meanness; want of grandeur; as littleness of conception.

3. Want of dignity. Contemplations on the majesty of God displayed in his works, may awaken in us a sense of our own littleness.

4. Meanness; penuriousness.

Littoral

LIT'TORAL, adjective [Latin littoralis, from littus, shore.] Belonging to a shore. [Little used.]

Lituite

LIT'UITE, noun A fossil shell.

Liturgical

LITUR'GICAL, adjective [See Liturgy.] Pertaining to a liturgy.

Liturgy

LIT'URGY, noun [French liturgie; Spanish Italian liturgia; Greek; public, and, work.]

In a general sense, all public ceremonies that belong to divine service; hence, in a restricted sense, among the Romanists, the mass; and among protestants, the common prayer, or the formulary of public prayers.

Johnson. Encyc.

Live

LIVE, v. i. liv. [Saxon liban, leofan, lifian; Gothic liban; Swedish lefwa; Danish lever; German leben; Dutch lieven. It coincides with leave. The primary sense probably is to rest, remain, abide. If so, the root may be Arabic labba, to be, to abide. Class Lb. No. 1.]

1. To abide; to dwell; to have settled residence in any place. Where do you live? I live in London. He lives in Philadelphia. He lives in a large house in Second street. The Swiss live on mountains. The Bedouin Arabs live in the desert.

2. To continue; to be permanent; not to perish.

Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues We write in water.

Shak.

3. To be animated; to have the vital principle; to have the bodily functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate, as respiration, circulation of blood, secretions, &c.; applied to animals.

I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? Genesis 45.

4. To have the principles of vegetable life; to be in a state in which the organs do or may perform their functions in the circulation of sap and in growth; applied to plants. This tree will not live, unless watered; it will not live through the winter.

5. To pass life or time in a particular manner, with regard to habits or condition. In what manner does your son live? Does he live in ease and affluence? Does he live according to the dictates of reason and the precepts of religion?

If we act by several broken views, we shall live and die in misery.

Spectator.

6. To continue in life. The way to live long is to be temperate.

7. To live, emphatically; to enjoy life; to be in a state of happiness.

What greater curse could envious fortune give,

Than just to die, when I began to live?

Dryden.

8. To feed; to subsist; to be nourished and supported in life; as, horses live on grass or grain; fowls live on seeds or insects; some kinds of fish live on others; carnivorous animals live on flesh.

9. To subsist; to be maintained in life; to be supported. Many of the clergy are obliged to live on small salaries. All men in health may live by industry with economy, yet some men live by robbery.

10. To remain undestroyed; to float; not to sink or founder. It must be a good ship that lives at sea in a hurricane.

Nor can our shaken vessels live at sea.

Dryden.

11. To exist; to have being.

As I live, saith the LordÃ‚-- Ezekiel 18.

12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, temporal or spiritual.

Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and judgments, which if a man do, he shall live in them. Leviticus 18.

13. To recover from sickness; to have life prolonged.

Thy son liveth. John 4.

14. To be inwardly quickened, nourished and actuated by divine influence or faith. Galatians 2.

15. To be greatly refreshed, comforted and animated.

For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord. 1 Thessalonians 3.

16. To appear as in life or reality; to be manifest in real character.

And all the writer lives in every line.

Pope.

To live with, to dwell or to be a lodger with.

2. To cohabit; to have intercourse, as male and female.

Shak.

Live

LIVE, v. t. liv. To continue in constantly or habitually; as, to live a life of ease.

2. To act habitually in conformity to.

It is not enough to say prayers, unless they live them too.

Parker.

Live

LIVE, adjective Having life; having respiration and other organic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate; not dead; as a live ox.

2. Having vegetable life; as a live plant.

3. Containing fire; ignited; not extinct; as a live coal.

4. Vivid, as color.

Thomson.

Liveless

LIVELESS, not used. [See Lifeless.]

Livelihood

LI'VELIHOOD, noun [lively and hood, or lifelode, from lead. I find in Saxon lif-lade, lead or course of life, vitoe iter.]

Means of living; support of life; maintenance. Trade furnishes many people with an honest livelihood. Men of enterprise seek a livelihood where they can find it.

Liveliness

LI'VELINESS, noun [from lively.] The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness; vivacity; animation; spirit; as the liveliness of youth, contrasted with the gravity of age.

2. An appearance of life, animation or spirit; as the liveliness of the eye or countenance in a portrait.

3. Briskness; activity; effervescence, as of liquors.

Livelode

LIVELODE, for livelihood, not used.

Hubberd's Tale.

Livelong

LIVELONG, a. liv'long. [live and long.]

1. Long in passing.

How could she sit the livelong day,

Yet never ask us once to play?

Swift.

2. Lasting; durable; as a livelong monument. [Not used.]

Milton.

3. A plant of the genus Sedum.

Lively

LI'VELY, adjective Brisk; vigorous; vivacious; active; as a lively youth.

2. Gay; airy.

From grave to gay, from lively to severe.

Pope.

3. Representing life; as a lively imitation of nature.

4. Animated; spirited; as a lively strain of eloquence; a lively description.

5. Strong; energetic; as a lively faith or hope; a lively persuasion.

Lively stones, in Scripture. Saints are called lively stones, as being quickened by the Spirit and active in holiness.

Brown.

Lively

LI'VELY, adverb Briskly; vigorously. [Little used.]

Hayward.

2. With strong resemblance of life.

That part of poetry must needs be best, which describes most lively our actions and passions. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Liver

LIV'ER, noun One who lives.

And try if life be worth the liver's care.

Prior.

It is often used with a word of qualification; as a high liver; a loose liver, &c.

Liver

LIV'ER, noun [Saxon lifer, lifre; Dutch leever; German leber; Swedish lefver; Danish lever; Russian liber. The Saxon word is rendered also libramentum, and this viscus may be named from its weight.]

A viscus or intestine of considerable size and of a reddish color, convex on the anterior and superior side, and of an unequal surface on the inferior and posterior side. It is situated under the false ribs, in the right hypochondrium. It consists of two lobes, of a glandular substance, and destined for the secretion of the bile.

Encyc.

Livercolor

LIV'ERCOLOR, adjective Dark red; of the color of the liver.

Woodward.

Livered

LIV'ERED, adjective Having a liver; as white-livered.

Sherwood.

Livergrown

LIV'ERGROWN. adjective Having a large liver.

Graunt.

Liverstone

LIV'ERSTONE, noun [German leber-stein.] A stone or species of earth of the barytic genus, of a gray or brown color, which, when rubbed or heated to redness, emits the smell of liver of sulphur, or alkaline sulphuret.

Kirwan.

Liverwort

LIV'ERWORT, noun The name of many species of plants. Several of the lichens are so called. The liverworts (Hepaticoe) are a natural order of cryptogamian plants, whose herbage is generally frondose, and resembling the leafy lichens, but whose seeds are contained in a distinct capsule. The noble liverwort is the Anemone hepatica.

Smith. Lee.

Livery

LIV'ERY, noun [Norm. from French livrer, to deliver.]

1. The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements; a term of English law. It is usual to say, livery of seisin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In America, no such ceremony is necessary to a conveyance of real estate, the delivery of a deed being sufficient.

2. Release from wardship; deliverance.

King Charles.

3. The writ by which possession is obtained.

Johnson.

4. The state of being kept at a certain rate; as, to keep horses at livery.

Spenser.

5. A form of dress by which noblemen and gentlemen distinguish their servants. The Romish church has also liveries for confessors, virgins, apostles, martyrs, penitents, &c. Hence,

6. A particular dress or garb, appropriate or peculiar to particular times or things; as the livery of May; the livery of autumn.

Now came still evening on, and twilight gray

Had in her sober livery all things clad.

Milton.

7. The whole body of liverymen in London.

Livery

LIV'ERY, verb transitive To clothe in livery.

Shak.

Liveryman

LIV'ERYMAN, noun One who wears a livery; as a servant.

2. In London, a freeman of the city, of some distinction. The liverymen are chosen from among the freemen of each company, and from their number are elected the common council, sheriff and other superior officers of the city. They alone have the right of voting for members of parliament.

Encyc.

Livery-Stable

LIV'ERY-STABLE, noun A stable where horses are kept for hire.

Lives

LIVES, n. plu. of life.

Livestock

LI'VESTOCK, noun [live and stock.] Horses, cattle and smaller domestic animals; a term applied in America to such animals as may be exported alive for foreign market.

Livid

LIV'ID, adjective [French livide; Italian livido; Latin lividus; from liveo, to be black and blue.]

Black and blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion.

Upon my livid lips bestow a kiss.

Dryden.

Lividity

LIVID'ITY, or LIV'IDNESS, noun A dark color, like that of bruised flesh. [Lividness is the preferable word.]

Living

LIV'ING, participle of the present tense [from live.] Dwelling; residing; existing; subsisting; having life or the vital functions in operation; not dead.

2. adjective Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as a living spring or fountain; opposed to stagnant.

3. adjective Producing action, animation and vigor; quickening; as a living principle; a living faith.

Living

LIV'ING, noun He or those who are alive; usually with a plural signification; as in the land of the living.

The living will lay it to his heart. Ecclesiastes 7.

Living

LIV'ING, noun Means of subsistence; estate.

He divided to them his living. Luke 15.

She of her want, did cast in all that she had, even all her living. Mark 12.

2. Power of continuing life. There is no living with a scold.

There is no living without trusting some body or other in some cases.

L'Estrange.

3. Livelihood. He made a living by his occupation. The woman spins for a living.

4. The benefice of a clergyman. He lost his living by non-conformity.

Livingly

LIV'INGLY, adverb In a living state.

Brown.

Livonica terra, a species of fine bole found in Livonia, brought to market in little cakes.

Livre

LI'VRE, noun [French; Latin libra.] A French money of account, equal to 20 sous, or ten pence sterling.

Lixivial

LIXIV'IAL, or LIXIV'IOUS, adjective [Latin lixivius, from lix, lye.]

1. Obtained by lixiviation; impregnated with alkaline salt extracted from wood ashes. Lixivial salts are those which are obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them.

2. Containing salt extracted from the ashes of wood.

3. Of the color of lye; resembling lye.

4. Having the qualities of alkaline salts from wood ashes.

Lixiviate

LIXIV'IATE, or LIXIV'IATED, adjective Pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline salts.

2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes.

Lixiviate

LIXIV'IATE, verb transitive [Latin lixivia, lixivium, lye.] To form lye; to impregnate with salts from wood ashes. Water is lixiviated by passing through ashes.

Lixiviation

LIXIVIA'TION, noun The operation or process of extracting alkaline salts from ashes by pouring water on them, the water passing through them imbibing the salts.

Lixivium

LIXIV'IUM, noun [Latin from lix, lye, Spanish lexia, French lessive.]

Lye; water impregnated with alkaline salts imbibed from wood ashes. It is sometimes applied to other extracts.

Boyle.

Lizard

LIZ'ARD, noun [French lezarde; Latin lacertus; Spanish lagarto; Italian lucerta, lucertola; Armoric glasard. If lizard is the Latin lacerta, there has been a change of c into z or s, which may be the fact. In Ethiopic, latsekat is lizard. Gebelin deduces the word from an oriental word leza, to hide. But this is doubtful.]

In zoology, a genus of amphibious animals, called Lacerta, and comprehending the crocodile, alligator, chamelion, salamander, &c. But the name, in common life, is applied to the smaller species of this genus, and of these there is a great variety. These animals are ranked in the order of reptiles. The body is naked, with four feet and a tail. The body is thicker and more tapering than that of the serpent.

Encyc.

Lizard-Tail

LIZ'ARD-TAIL, noun A plant of the genus Saururus, and another of the genus Piper.

Fam. of Plants.

Ll. Dutch

LL. Dutch letters standing for Doctor of Laws, the title of an honorary degree.

Lo

LO, exclam. [Saxon la. Whether this is a contracted word or not, does not appear.]

Look; see; behold; observe. This word is used to excite particular attention in a hearer to some object of sight, or subject of discourse.

Lo, here is Christ. Matthew 24.

Lo, we turn to the Gentiles. Acts 13.

Loach

LOACH, or LOCHE, noun [French loche.] A small fish of the genus Cobitis, inhabiting small clear streams, and esteemed dainty food.

Walton.

Load

LOAD, noun [Saxon hlad or lade; Welsh llwyth. See Lade.]

1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in any thing for conveyance. Thus we lay a load on a beast or on a man's shoulders, or on a cart or wagon; and we say, a light load, a heavy load. A load then is indefinite in quantity or weight. But by usage, in some cases, the word has a more definite signification, and expresses a certain quantity or weight, or as much as is usually carried, or as can be well sustained. Load is never used for the cargo of a ship; this is called loading, lading, freight, or cargo.

2. Any heavy burden; a large quantity borne or sustained. A tree may be said to have a load of fruit upon it.

3. That which is borne with pain or difficulty; a grievous weight; encumbrance; in a literal sense.

Jove lightened of its load.

Th' enormous massÃ‚--

Pope.

In a figurative sense, we say, a load of care or grief; a load of guilt or crimes.

4. Weight or violence of blows.

Milton.

5. A quantity of food or drink that oppresses, or as much as can be borne.

Dryden.

6. Among miners, the quantity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about half a hundred weight.

Encyc. Cyc.

Load

LOAD, verb transitive pret. and pp. loaded. [loaden, formerly used, is obsolete, and laden belongs to lade. Load, from the noun, is a regular verb.]

1. To lay on a burden; to put on or in something to be carried, or as much as can be carried; as, to load a camel or a horse; to load a cart or wagon. To load a gun, is to charge, or to put in a sufficient quantity of powder, or powder and ball or shot.

2. To encumber; to lay on or put in that which is borne with pain or difficulty; in a literal sense, as to load the stomach with meat; or in a figurative sense, as to load the mind or memory.

3. To make heavy by something added or appended.

Thy dreadful vow, loaden with deathÃ‚--

Addison.

So in a literal sense, to load a whip.

4. To bestow or confer on in great abundance; as, to load one with honors; to load with reproaches.

Loaded

LOADED, participle passive Charged with a load or cargo; having a burden; freighted, as a ship; having a charge of powder, or powder and shot, as a gun.

2. Burdened with any thing oppressive; as loaded with cares, with guilt or shame.

Loader

LOADER, noun One who puts on a load.

Loading

LOADING, participle of the present tense Charging with a load; burdening; encumbering; charging, as a gun.

Loading

LOADING, noun A cargo; a burden; also, any thing that makes part of a load.

Loadmanage

LOADMANAGE, noun Pilotage; skill of a pilot. [Not used.]

Loadsman

LOADSMAN, noun [load and man.] A pilot. Obs.

Loadstar

LOADSTAR, or LODESTAR, noun [lead and star.] The star that leads; the polestar; the cynosure. Obs.

Shak.

Loadstone

LOADSTONE, noun [from the verb lead and stone. The old orthography, lodestone, is most correct, as this word has no connection with the verb to load.]

The native magnet, an ore of iron in the lowest state of oxydation, which has the power of attracting metallic iron, as iron filings, and of communicating to masses of iron the same property of attraction, forming artificial magnets. [See Lodestone.]

Loaf

LOAF, noun plu. loaves. [Saxon hlaf or laf; Gothic hlaibs; German leib; Polish, chlieb; Bohemian, chleb; Russian chlib or chleb; Croatian, hlib; Finnish, leipa or leipam; Lapponic, laibe. The German leib is rendered a loaf, and body, waist, belly; leiblich, which in English, would be loaf-like, signifies a lump or mass, from some root that signifies to set, or to collect, or to form.]

1. A mass of bread when baked. It is larger than a cake. The size and price of a loaf, in large cities, are regulated by law.

2. A mass or lump, as of sugar.

3. Any thick mass.

Loaf-Sugar

LOAF-SUGAR, noun Sugar refined and formed into a conical mass.

Loam

LOAM, noun [Saxon lam; Dutch leem; German lehm; Latin limus; Swedish lim; Danish lim, liim; so named probably from smoothness or softness; Welsh llim.]

A natural mixture of sand and clay with oxyd of iron; a species of earth or soil of different colors, whitish, brown or yellow, readily diffusible in water.

Cleaveland. Encyc.

Loam

LOAM, verb transitive To cover with loam.

Moxon.

Loamy

LOAMY, adjective Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam, or resembling it.

Loan

LOAN, noun [Saxon loen, hloen; Swedish lÃƒ-¥n; Danish laan; Dutch leen; German lehen. See Lend.]

1. The act of lending; a lending.

2. That which is lent; any thing furnished for temporary use to a person at his request, on the express or implied condition that the specific thing shall be returned, or its equivalent in kind, but without compensation for the use; as a loan of a book or of bread.

3. Something furnished for temporary use, on the condition that it shall be returned or its equivalent, but with a compensation for the use. In this sense, loan is generally applied to money. [See Lend.]

4. A furnishing; permission to use; grant of the use; as a loan of credit.

Kent.

Loan

LOAN, verb transitive [Saxon loenan; German lehnen; Dutch leenen; Swedish lÃƒ-¥na; Danish laaner.]

To lend; to deliver to another for temporary use, on condition that the thing shall be returned, as a book; or to deliver for use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be returned, as bread; or to deliver for temporary use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be returned, with a compensation for the use, as in the case of money at interest. Bills of credit were issued, to be loaned on interest.

Ramsay. Kent. Laws of the U. States. Stat. of Conn. and of New York.

Loan-Office

LO'AN-OFFICE, noun In America, a public office in which loans of money are negotiated for the public, or in which the accounts of loans are kept and the interest paid to the lenders.

Loan-Officer

LO'AN-OFFICER, noun A public officer empowered to superintend and transact the business of a loan-office.

Loath

LOATH, or LOTH, adjective [Saxon lath, hateful; lathian, to lothe; Swedish ledas, to lothe or nauseate; Danish leede, lothesome; lee, aversion. In America, the primitive pronunciation of lath, that is, lawth, is retained in the adjective, which is written loth. The verb would be better written lothe, in analogy with cloth, clothe. See Loth.]

Disliking; unwilling; reluctant. He was loth to leave the company. [See Loth.]

Loathe

LOATHE, or LOTHE, verb transitive To hate; to look on with hatred or abhorrence; particularly, to feel disgust at food or drink, either from natural antipathy, or a sickly appetite, or from satiety, or from its ill taste. [See Lothe.]

Loather

LOATHER, noun One that lothes.

Loathful

LOATHFUL, adjective Hating; abhorring through disgust.

Hubberd's Tale.

2. Abhorred; hated.

Spenser.

Loathing

LOATHING, participle of the present tense Hating from disgust; abhorring.

Loathingly

LOATHINGLY, adverb In a fastidious manner.

Loathly

LOATHLY, adjective Hateful; exciting hatred. Obs.

Spenser.

Loathly

LOATHLY, adverb Unwillingly; reluctantly. [See Lothly.]

Loathness

LOATHNESS, noun Unwillingness; reluctance. [See Lothness.]

Loathsome

LOATHSOME, adjective Disgusting; exciting disgust.

2. Hateful; abhorred; detestable.

3. Causing fastidiousness. [See Lothesome.]

Loathsomeness

LOATHSOMENESS, noun The quality which excites disgust, hatred or abhorrence.

Addison.

Loaves

LOAVES, plu. of loaf.

Lob

LOB, noun [Welsh llob, allied to lubber, looby, club, &c. Qu. German laff.]

1. A dull, heavy, sluggish person.

2. Something thick and heavy; as in lob- worm.

Walton.

Lob

LOB, verb transitive To let fall heavily or lazily.

And their poor jades

Lob down their heads.

Shak.

Lobate

LO'BATE, or LO'BED, adjective [from lobe.] Consisting of lobes. In botany, divided to the middle into parts distant from each other, with convex margins.

Martyn.

Lobby

LOB'BY, noun [Qu. German laube, an arbor or bower.]

1. An opening before a room, or an entrance into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable space between that and the portico or vestibule.

Encyc.

2. A small hall or waiting room.

Encyc.

3. A small apartment taken from a hall or entry.

4. In a ship, an apartment close before the captain's cabin.

Cyc.

5. In agriculture, a confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees or other fencing, near the farm-yard.

Cyc.

Lobe

LOBE, noun [French lobe; Spanish Portugese lobo; Latin lobus; Greek.]

1. A part or division of the lungs, liver, &c.

2. The lower soft part of the ear.

3. A division of a simple leaf.

4. The cotyledon or placenta of a seed.

Lobed

LO'BED, adjective Lobate, which see.

Lobspound

LOBSPOUND, noun A prison.

Hudibras.

Lobster

LOB'STER, noun [Saxon loppestre or lopystre.

The first syllable coincides with Saxon lobbe, a spider, and with loppe, a flea; probably all named from their shape or legs. The last syllable coincides with ster, in spinster, minister.]

A crustaceous fish of the genus Cancer. Lobsters have large claws and fangs, and four pair of legs. They are said to change their crust annually, and to be frightened at thunder or other loud report. They constitute an article of food.

Lobule

LOB'ULE, noun [Spanish lobulo.] A small lobe.

Local

LO'CAL, adjective [French Spanish local; Italian locale; Latin localis; from locus, place, Sanscrit log; from the root of lay, Latin loco. See Lay.]

1. Pertaining to a place, or to a fixed or limited portion of space. We say, the local situation of the house is pleasant. We are often influenced in our opinions by local circumstances.

2. Limited or confined to a spot, place, or definite district; as a local custom. The yellow fever is local in its origin, and often continues for a time, to be a local disease.

3. In law, local actions are such as must be brought in a particular county, where the cause arises; distinguished from transitory actions.

Blackstone.

Locality

LOCAL'ITY, noun Existence in a place, or in a certain portion of space.

It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality.

Glanville.

2. Limitation to a county, district or place; as locality of trial.

Blackstone.

3. Position; situation; place; particularly, geographical place or situation, as of a mineral or plant.

Locally

LO'CALLY, adverb With respect to place; in place; as, to be locally separated or distant.

Locate

LO'CATE, verb transitive [Latin loco, locatus; Italian locare.]

1. To place; to set in a particular spot or position.

2. To select, survey and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land; or to designate a portion of land by limits; as, to locate a tract of a hundred acres in a particular township.

U. States.

3. To designate and determine the place of; as, a committee was appointed to locate a church or a court house.

N. England.

Located

LO'CATED, participle passive Placed; situated; fixed in place.

Locating

LO'CATING, participle of the present tense Placing; designating the place of.

Location

LOCA'TION, noun The act of placing, or of designating the place of.

2. Situation with respect to place. The location of the city on a large river is favorable for commerce.

3. That which is located; a tract of land designated in place.

U. States.

4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent.

Loch

LOCH, noun [Gaelic.] A lake; a bay or arm of the sea; used in Scotland.

Loch

LOCH, noun Loch or lohoch, is an Arabian name for the forms of medicines called eclegmas, lambatives, linctures, and the like.

Quincy.

Lochage

LOCH'AGE, noun [Greek; a body of soldiers, and, to lead.]

In Greece, an officer who commanded a lochus or cohort, the number of men in which is not certainly known.

Mitford.

Loche

LOCHE. [See Loach.]

Lochia

LO'CHIA, noun [Greek.] Evacuations which follow childbirth.

Lochial

LO'CHIAL, adjective Pertaining to evacuations from the womb after childbirth.

Lock

LOCK, noun [Saxon loc or loce, an inclosed place, the fastening of a door, a tuft or curl of hair. In the latter sense, it is the German locke, Dutch lok, Latin floccus, lock; Irish loc, a stop, hinderance; Welsh lloc, a mound, an inclosed place; Russian lokon, a lock of hair; Saxon lucan, Gothic lukan, to lock; Danish lukke, a hedge, fence or bar; lukker, to shut, to inclose, to fasten, to lock; French loquet, a latch; Armoric licqued, or clicqed, Welsh clicied. Lock and flock may be of one family. The primary sense is to shut, to close, to press, strain or drive, which may be the radical sense of flock, Greek, Latin plico, as well as of lock. But see Class Lg. No. 48. and 13. 14. 16.]

1. Lock, in its primary sense, is any thing that fastens; but we now appropriate the word to an instrument composed of a spring, wards, and a bolt of iron or steel, used to fasten doors, chests and the like. The bolt is moved by a key.

2. The part of a musket or fowling-piece or other fire-arm, which contains the pan. trigger, &c.

3. The barrier or works of a canal, which confine the water, consisting of a dam, banks or walls, with two gates or pairs of gates, which may be opened or shut at pleasure.

4. A grapple in wrestling.

Milton.

5. Any inclosure.

Dryden.

6. A tuft of hair; a plexus of wool, hay or other like substance; a flock; a ringlet of hair.

A lock of hair will draw more than a cable rope.

Grew.

Lock of water, is the measure equal to the contents of the chamber of the locks by which the consumption of water on a canal is estimated.

Lock-Keeper

LOCK'-KEEPER, noun One who attends the locks of a canal.

Lock-Paddle

LOCK'-PADDLE, noun A small sluse that serves to fill and empty a lock.

Lock-Sil

LOCK'-SIL, noun An angular piece of timber at the bottom of a lock, against which the gates shut.

Lock-Weir

LOCK'-WEIR, noun A paddle-weir, in canals, an over-fall behind the upper gates, by which the waste water of the upper pound is let down through the paddle-holes into the chamber of the lock.

Cyc.

Lock

LOCK, verb transitive To fasten with a particular instrument; as, to lock a door; to lock a trunk.

2. To shut up or confine, as with a lock; as, to be locked in a prison. Lock the secret in your breast.

3. To close fast. The frost locks up our rivers.

4. To embrace closely; as, to lock one in the arms.

5. To furnish with locks, as a canal.

6. To confine; to restrain. Our shipping was locked up by the embargo.

7. In fencing, to seize the sword-arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm around it, after closing the parade, shell to shell, in order to disarm him.

Cyc.

Lock

LOCK, verb intransitive To become fast. The door locks close.

2. To unite closely by mutual insertion; as, they lock into each other.

Boyle.

Lockage

LOCK'AGE, noun Materials for locks in a canal.

Gallatin.

2. Works which form a lock on a canal.

Journ. of Science.

3. Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.

Locked

LOCK'ED, participle passive Made fast by a lock; furnished with a lock or locks; closely embraced.

Locker

LOCK'ER, noun A close place, as a drawer or an apartment in a ship, that may be closed with a lock.

A shot-locker is a strong frame of plank near the pump-well in the hold, where shot are deposited.

Mar. Dict.

Locket

LOCK'ET, noun [French loquet.] A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament.

Johnson.

Lockram

LOCK'RAM, noun A sort of coarse linen.

Hanmer.

Locksmith

LOCK'SMITH, noun An artificer whose occupation is to make locks.

Locky

LOCK'Y, adjective Having locks or tufts.

Sherwood.

Locomotion

LOCOMO'TION, noun [Latin locus, place, and motio, motion.]

1. The act of moving from place to place.

Brown.

2. The power of moving from place to place. Most animals possess locomotion; plants have life, but not locomotion.

Locomotive

LOCOMO'TIVE, adjective Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change place; as a locomotive animal. Most animals are distinguished from plants by their locomotive faculty.

Locomotive engine, a steam engine employed in land carriage; chiefly on railways.

Locomotivity

LOCOMOTIV'ITY, noun The power of changing place.

Bryant.

Loculament

LOC'ULAMENT, noun [Latin loculamentum, from locus, loculus.]

In botany, the cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged. A pericarp is unilocular, bilocular, &c.

Martyn.

Locust

LO'CUST, noun [Latin locusta.] An insect of the genus Gryllus. These insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the S. of Asia, as to devour every green thing, and when they migrate, they fly in an immense cloud.

Locust

LO'CUST, noun A name of several plants and trees; as a species of Melianthus, and of Ceratonia.

Locust-Tree

LO'CUST-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Hymenaea, and another of the genus Robinia. The Honey-Locust-tree, is of the genus Gleditsia.

Lode

LODE, noun [from Saxon loedan, to lead.]

1. Among miners, a metallic vein, or any regular vein or course, whether metallic or not, but commonly a metallic vein.

Encyc. Cyc.

2. A cut or reach of water.

Cyc.

Lode-Stone

LO'DE-STONE, noun [from the verb to lead, and stone.]

1. A magnet, an ore of iron; a stone found in iron mines, of a dark or black lead color, and of considerable hardness and weight. It attracts iron filings, and communicates to iron the same property of attraction. But its peculiar value consists in its communicating to a needle the property of taking a direction to the north and south, a property of inestimable utility in navigation and surveying.

2. A name given by Cornish miners to a species of stones, called also tin-stones; a compound of stones and sand, of different kinds and colors.

Nicholson.

Lodgable

LODG'ABLE, adjective Capable of affording a temporary abode. [Not used.]

Lodge

LODGE, verb transitive [French loger, to lodge; Italian loggia, a lodge; alloggiare, to lodge; Spanish alojar; Armoric logea; Danish logerer. The sense is to set or throw down. In Saxon logian is to compose, to deposit or lay up, also to repair; Russian loju, to lay, to put. It is probably allied to lay.]

1. To set, lay or deposit for keeping or preservation, for a longer or shorter time. The men lodged their arms in the arsenal.

2. To place; to plant; to infix.

He lodged an arrow in a tender breast.

Addison.

3. To fix; to settle in the heart, mind or memory.

I can give no reason

More than a lodged hateÃ‚--

Shak.

4. To furnish with a temporary habitation, or with an accommodation for a night. He lodged the prince a month, a week, or a night. [The word usually denotes a short residence, but for no definite time.]

5. To harbor; to cover.

The deer is lodged.

Addison.

6. To afford place to; to contain for keeping.

The memory can lodge a greater store of images, than the senses can present at one time.

Cheyne.

7. To throw in or on; as, to lodge a ball or a bomb in a fort.

8. To throw down; to lay flat.

Our sighs, and they shall lodge the summer corn.

Shak.

Lodge

LODGE, verb intransitive To reside; to dwell; to rest in a place.

And lodge such daring souls in little men.

Pope.

2. To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, a week, a month. We lodged a night at the Golden Ball. We lodged a week at the City Hotel. Soldiers lodge in tents in summer, and in huts in winter. Fowls lodge on trees or rocks.

3. To fall flat, as grain. Wheat and oats on strong land are apt to lodge.

Lodge

LODGE, noun A small house in a park or forest, for a temporary place of rest at night; a temporary habitation; a hut.

Sidney. Shak.

2. A small house or tenement appended to a larger; as a porter's lodge.

3. A den; a cave; any place where a wild beast dwells.

Lodged

LODG'ED, participle passive Placed at rest; deposited; infixed; furnished with accommodations for a night or other short time; laid flat.

Lodger

LODG'ER, noun One who lives at board, or in a hired room, or who has a bed in another's house for a night.

2. One that resides in any place for a time.

Pope.

Lodging

LODG'ING, participle of the present tense Placing at rest; depositing; furnishing lodgings.

2. Resting for a night; residing for a time.

Lodging

LODG'ING, noun A place of rest for a night, or of residence for a time; temporary habitation; apartment.

Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow.

Pope.

2. Place of residence.

Fair bosomÃ‚--the lodging of delight.

Spenser.

3. Harbor; cover; place of rest.

Sidney.

4. Convenience for repose at night.

Sidney.

Lodgment

LODG'MENT, noun [French logement.] The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged; a being placed or deposited at rest for keeping for a time or for permanence.

2. Accumulation or collection of something deposited or remaining at rest.

3. In military affairs, an encampment made by an army.

4. A work cast up by besiegers, during their approaches, in some dangerous post which they have gained, and where it is necessary to secure themselves against the enemy's fire.

Cyc.

Loffe

LOFFE, verb intransitive To laugh. [Not used.]

Shak.

Loft

LOFT, noun [Danish loft, Saxon lyfte, the air, an arch, vault or ceiling; probably allied to lift, Danish lÃƒ-¶fter. Qu. Greek.]

1. Properly, an elevation; hence, in a building, the elevation of one story or floor above another; hence, a floor above another; as the second loft; third loft; fourth loft. Spenser seems to have used the word for the highest floor or top, and this may have been its original signification.

2. A high room or place.

Pope.

Loftily

LOFT'ILY, adverb [from lofty.] On high; in an elevated place.

2. Proudly; haughtily.

They are corrupt and speak wickedly concerning oppression; they speak loftily. Psalm 73.

3. With elevation of language, diction or sentiment; sublimely.

My lowly verse may loftily arise.

Spenser.

4. In an elevated attitude. A horse carries his head loftily.

Loftiness

LOFT'INESS, noun Highth; elevation in place or position; altitude; as the loftiness of a mountain.

2. Pride; haughtiness.

Augustus and Tiberius had loftiness enough in their tempersÃ‚--

Collier.

3. Elevation of attitude or mien; as loftiness of carriage.

4. Sublimity; elevation of diction or sentiment.

Three poets in three distant ages born:

The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd;

The next in majesty; in both the last.

Dryden.

Lofty

LOFT'Y, adjective Elevated in place; high; as a lofty tower; a lofty mountain. [But it expresses more than high, or at least is more emphatical, poetical and elegant.]

See lofty Lebanon his head advance.

Pope.

2. Elevated in condition or character.

Thus saith the high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is HolyÃ‚--Isaiah 57.

3. Proud; haughty; as lofty looks. Isaiah 2.

4. Elevated in sentiment or diction; sub-lime; as lofty strains; lofty rhyme.

Milton.

5. Stately; dignified; as lofty steps.

Log

LOG, noun [This word is probably allied to Dutch log, logge, heavy, dull, sluggish; a sense retained in water-logged; and to lug, luggage, perhaps to clog.]

1. A bulky piece or stick of timber unhewed. Pine logs are floated down rivers in America, and stopped at saw-mills. A piece of timber when hewed or squared, is not called a log, unless perhaps in constructing log-huts.

2. In navigation, a machine for measuring the rate of a ship's velocity through the water. The common log is a piece of board, forming the quadrant of a circle of about six inches radius, balanced by a small plate of lead nailed on the circular part, so as to swim perpendicular.

Mar. Dict.

3. [Hebrew.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing, according to some authors, three quarters of a pint; according to others, five sixths of a pint. According to Arbuthnot, it was the seventy second part of the bath or ephah, and the twelfth part of a hin.

Johnson. Encyc.

Log

LOG, verb intransitive To move to and fro. [Not used.]

Polwhele.

Log-Board

LOG'-BOARD, noun In navigation, two boards, shutting like a book, and divided into columns, containing the hours of the day and night, direction of the wind, course of the ship, &c., from which is formed the logbook.

Mar. Dict.

Log-Book

LOG'-BOOK, noun A book into which are transcribed the contents of the log-board.

Mar. Dict.

Log-House

LOG'-HOUSE, or LOG'-HUT, noun A house or hut whose walls are composed of logs laid on each other.

Log-Line

LOG'-LINE, noun A line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms in length, fastened to the log by means of two legs. This is wound on a reel, called the log-reel.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Log-Reel

LOG'-REEL, noun A reel in the gallery of a ship, on which the log-line is wound.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Logarithm

LOG'ARITHM, noun [French logarithme; Greek, ratio, and, number.]

Logarithms are the exponents of a series of powers and roots.

Day.

The logarithm of a number is that exponent of some other number, which renders the power of the latter, denoted by the exponent, equal to the former.

Cyc.

When the logarithms form a series in arithmetical progression, the corresponding natural numbers form a series in geometrical progression. Thus,

Logarithms 0 1 2 3 4 5

Natural numbers, 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

The addition and subtraction of logarithms answer to the multiplication and division of their natural numbers. In like manner, involution is performed by multiplying the logarithm of any number by the number denoting the required power; and evolution, by dividing the logarithm by the number denoting the required root.

Logarithms are the invention of Baron Napier, lord of Marchiston in Scotland; but the kind now in use, were invented by Henry Briggs, professor of geometry in Gresham college, at Oxford. They are extremely useful in abridging the labor of trigonometrical calculations.

Logarithmetic

LOGARITHMET'IC, or LOGARITHMET'ICAL, or LOGARITH'MIC, adjective Pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms.

Encyc. Lavotsier.

Loggats

LOG'GATS, noun The name of a play or game, the same as is now called kittle-pins. It was prohibited by Stat. 33, Henry VIII. [Not in use.]

Hanmer.

Loggerhead

LOG'GERHEAD, noun [log and head.] A blockhead; a dunce; a dolt; a thick-skull.

Shak.

2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle; used to heat tar.

Mar. Dict.

To fall to loggerheads, or To go to loggerheads, to come to blows; to fall to fighting without weapons.

Latin Estrange.

Loggerheaded

LOG'GERHEADED, adjective Dull; stupid; doltish.

Shak.

Logic

LOG'IC, noun [French logique; Italian logica; Latin id.; from the Greek, from, reason, to speak.]

The art of thinking and reasoning justly.

Logic is the art of using reason well in our inquiries after truth, and the communication of it to others.

Watts.

Logic may be defined, the science or history of the human mind, as it traces the progress of our knowledge from our first conceptions through their different combinations, and the numerous deductions that result from comparing them with one another.

Encyc.

Correct reasoning implies correct thinking and legitimate inferences from premises, which are principles assumed or admitted to be just. Logic then includes the art of thinking, as well as the art of reasoning.

W.

The purpose of logic is to direct the intellectual powers in the investigation of truth, and in the communication of it to others.

Hedge.

Logical

LOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to logic; used in logic; as logical subtilties.

Hooker.

2. According to the rules of logic; as a logical argument or inference. This reasoning is strictly logical.

3. Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; discriminating; as a logical head.

Spectator.

Logically

LOG'ICALLY, adverb According to the rules of logic; as, to argue logically.

Logician

LOGI'CIAN, noun A person skilled in logic, or the art of reasoning.

Each fierce logician still expelling Locke.

Pope.

Logistic

LOGIS'TIC, adjective Relating to sexagesimal fractions.

Cyc.

Logman

LOG'MAN, noun A man who carries logs.

Shak.

2. One whose occupation is to cut and convey logs to a mill. [Local.]

U. States.

Logographic

LOGOGRAPH'IC, or LOGOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to logography.

Logography

LOGOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a word, and, to write.]

A method of printing, in which a type represents a word, instead of forming a letter.

Encyc.

Logogriphe

LOG'OGRIPHE, noun [Greek and.]

A sort of riddle. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Logomachist

LOGOM'ACHIST, noun One who contends about words.

E. T. Fitch.

Logomachy

LOGOM'ACHY, noun [Greek, word, and, contest, altercation.]

Contention in words merely, or rather a contention about words; a war of words.

Howell.

Logometric

LOGOMET'RIC, adjective [Greek, ratio, and, to measure.]

A logometric scale is intended to measure or ascertain chimical equivalents.

Wollaston.

Logwood

LOG'WOOD, noun A species of tree and wood, called also Campeachy-wood, from the bay of Campeachy in Spanish America, of the genus Haematoxylon, of which there is one species only. This tree has a crooked, deformed stem, growing to the highth of 20 or 24 feet, with crooked irregular branches, armed with strong thorns. The wood is of a firm texture and a red color. It is much used in dyeing.

Encyc.

Lohoch

LO'HOCH, or LO'HOCK, noun [Arabic] A medicine of a middle consistence between a soft electuary and a syrup. [See Loch.]

Encyc.

Loin

LOIN, noun [Saxon lend; German, Dutch lende; Swedish l?nd; Danish loend; Welsh clun; Armoric loenenn or loinch; Irish luan or bleun; Latin clunis.]

The loins are the space on each side of the vertebrae, between the lowest of the false ribs and the upper portion of the os ilium or haunch bone, or the lateral portions of the lumbar region; called also the reins.

Loiter

LOIT'ER, verb intransitive [Dutch leuteren; Russian leitayu or letayu. Qu. its alliance to late and let.]

To linger; to be slow in moving; to delay; to be dilatory; to spend time idly.

If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace.

Rogers.

Loiterer

LOIT'ERER, noun A lingerer; one that delays or is slow in motion; an idler; one that is sluggish or dilatory.

Ever listless loiterers, that attend

No cause, no trust, no duty and no friend.

Pope.

Loitering

LOIT'ERING, participle of the present tense Lingering; delaying; moving slowly.

Loke

LOKE, noun [Qu. Irish loch, dark; Greek, darkness.]

1. In the Scandinavian mythology, the evil deity, the author of all calamities; answering to the Arimanes of the Persians.

Mallet. Edda.

2. A close narrow lane. [Local.]

Loll

LOLL, verb intransitive [Ethiopic alolo, to thrust out the tongue. The sense of this word is to throw, to send. Hence it coincides with the Greek, Welsh lloliaw, to speak, to prate, Danish laller, German lallen. It coincides also with lull, to appease, that is, to throw down.]

1. To recline; to lean; properly, to throw one's self down; hence, to lie at ease.

Void of care he lolls supine in state.

Dryden.

2. To suffer the tongue to hang extended from the mouth, as an ox or a dog when heated with labor or exertion.

The triple porter of the Stygian seat,

With lolling tongue lay fawning at his feet.

Dryden.

Loll

LOLL, verb transitive To thrust out, as the tongue.

Fierce tigers couched around, and lolled their tongues.

Dryden.

Lollard

LOLL'ARD, noun [Qu. German lallen, lollen, to prate or to sing.]

The Lollards were a sect of early reformers in Germany and England, the followers of Wickliffe.

Lollardy

LOLL'ARDY, noun The doctrines of the Lollards.

Lolling

LOLL'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing down or out; reclining at ease; thrusting out the tongue.

Lombardic

LOMBARD'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Lombards; an epithet applied to one of the ancient alphabets derived from the Roman, and relating to the manuscripts of Italy.

Astle.

Loment

LO'MENT, noun [Latin lomentum.] An elongated pericarp, which never bursts. It consists, like the legume, of two valves, with the seeds attached to the under suture, but is divided into small cells, each containing a single seed.

Ed. Encyc.

Lomentaceous

LOMENTA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin lomentum, bean meal, a color.]

Furnished with a loment. The lomentaceoe are a natural order of plants, many of which furnish beautiful tinctures or dyes, and whose seeds are contained in a loment or legume.

Linne.

Lomonite

LOM'ONITE, noun Laumonite, or di-prismatic zeolite.

Ure.

Lomp

LOMP, noun A kind of roundish fish.

Johnson.

Londonism

LON'DONISM, noun A mode of speaking peculiar to London.

Pegge.

Lone

LONE, adjective [Danish lÃƒ-¶n, a corner, nook, a lurking place, secrecy; l?nlig, Swedish l?nnlig, private, close, clandestine. The radical sense is probably to separate, or rather to withdraw or retire, and the word may be allied to French loin. If alone is composed of all and one, which the Teutonic dialects indicate, it has no connection with lone.]

1. Solitary; retired; unfrequented; having no company.

And leave you in lone woods or empty walls.

Pope.

2. Single; standing by itself; not having others in the neighborhood; as a lone house.

Pope.

3. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood.

Shak.

Lone

LONE, noun A lane. [Local.]

Loneliness

LO'NELINESS, noun Solitude; retirement; seclusion from company. He was weary of the loneliness of his habitation.

2. Love of retirement; disposition to solitude.

I see

The mystery of your loneliness.

Shak.

Lonely

LO'NELY, adjective Solitary; retired; sequestered from company or neighbors; as a lonely situation; a lonely cell.

Dryden.

2. Solitary; as the lonely traveler.

3. Addicted to solitude or seclusion from company.

Rowe.

Loneness

LO'NENESS, noun Solitude; seclusion.

Donne.

Lonesome

LO'NESOME, adjective Solitary; secluded from society.

How horrid will these lonesome seats appear!

Blackmore.

Lonesomeness

LO'NESOMENESS, noun The state of being solitary; solitude.

Long

LONG, adjective [Saxon long, lang and leng; German lange; Dutch Danish lang; Swedish lÃƒ-¥ng; Gothic laggs; Latin longus; Italian lungo; French long. The Gothic word seems to connect this word with lag, in the sense of drawing out, whence delaying.]

1. Extended; drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; opposed to short, and contradistinguished from broad or wide. Long is a relative term; for a thing may be long in respect to one thing, and short with respect to another. We apply long to things greatly extended, and to things which exceed the common measure. We say, a long way, a long distance, a long line, and long hair, long arms. By the latter terms, we mean hair and arms exceeding the usual length.

2. Drawn out or extended in time; as a long time; a long period of time; a long while; a long series of events; a long sickness or confinement; a long session; a long debate.

3. Extended to any certain measure expressed; as a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, &c.

4. Dilatory; continuing for an extended time.

Death will not be long in coming.

Ecclus.

5. Tedious; continued to a great length.

A tale should never be too long.

Prior.

6. Continued in a series to a great extent; as a long succession of princes; a long line of ancestors.

7. Continued in sound; protracted; as a long note; a long syllable.

8. Continued; lingering or longing.

Praying for him, and casting a long look that way, he saw the galley leave the pursuit.

Sidney.

9. Extensive; extending far in prospect or into futurity.

The perennial existence of bodies corporate and their fortunes, are things particularly suited to a man who has long views.

Burke.

Long home, the grave or death. Ecclesiastes 12.

Long

LONG, noun Formerly, a musical note equal to two breves. Obs.

Long

LONG, adverb To a great extent in space; as a long extended line.

2. To a great extent in time; as, they that tarry long at the wine. Proverbs 23.

When the trumpet soundeth long. Exodus 19.

So in composition we say, long-expected, long-forgot.

3. At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome; long after the conquest of Gaul by Julius Cesar.

4. Through the whole extent or duration of.

The God who fed me all my life long to this day. Genesis 48.

The bird of dawning singeth all night long.

Spenser.

Long

LONG, adverb [Saxon gelang, cause or fault. Qu. belonging to, as the cause.]

By means of; by the fault of; owning to. Obs.

Mistress, all this evil is long of you.

Shak.

Long

LONG, verb transitive To belong. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Long

LONG, verb intransitive [Saxon langian, with oefter. We now say, to long after, or to long for. The sense is to reach or stretch toward.]

1. To desire earnestly or eagerly.

I long to see you. Romans 1.

I have longed after thy precepts. Psalm 119.

I have longed for thy salvation. Psalm 119.

2. To have a preternatural craving appetite; as a longing woman.

3. To have an eager appetite; as, to long for fruit.

Longanimity

LONGANIM'ITY, noun [Latin longanimitas; longus, long, and animus, mind.]

Forbearance; patience; disposition to endure long under offenses.

Brown. Howell.

Longboat

LONG'BOAT, noun The largest and strongest boat belonging to a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Longer

LON'GER, adjective [comp. of long.] More long; of greater length; as a longer course.

Longer

LON'GER, adverb For a greater duration. This evil can be endured no longer.

Longest

LON'GEST, adjective Of the greatest extent; as the longest line.

Longest

LON'GEST, adverb For the greatest continuance of time. They who live longest, are most convinced of the vanity of life.

Longeval

LONGE'VAL, adjective [Latin longus and oevum.]

Long lived.

Pope.

Longevity

LONGEV'ITY, noun [Latin longoevitas; longus, long, and oevum, age.]

Length or duration of life; more generally, great length of life.

The instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious.

Arbuthnot.

Longevous

LONGE'VOUS, adjective [Latin longoevus, supra.]

Living a long time; of great age.

Long-Headed

LONG'-HEADED, adjective Having a great extent of thought.

Longimanous

LONGIM'ANOUS, adjective [Latin longus, long, and manus, hand.] Having long hands.

Brown.

Longimetry

LONGIM'ETRY, noun [Latin longus, long, and Greek, measure.]

The art or practice of measuring distances or lengths, whether accessible or inaccessible.

Encyc.

Longing

LONG'ING, participle of the present tense Earnestly desiring; having a craving or preternatural appetite.

Longing

LONG'ING, noun An eager desire; a craving or preternatural appetite.

Longingly

LONG'INGLY, adverb With eager wishes or appetite.

Longinquity

LONGIN'QUITY, noun [Latin longinquitas.] Great distance.

Barrow.

Longish

LONG'ISH, adjective Somewhat long; moderately long.

Longitude

LON'GITUDE, noun [Latin longitudo, from longus, long.]

1. Properly, length; as the longitude of a room; but in this sense not now used. Appropriately, in geography,

2. The distance of any place on the globe from another place, eastward or westward; or the distance of any place from a given meridian. Boston, in Massachusetts, is situated in the 71st degree of longitude west from Greenwich. To be able to ascertain precisely the longitude of a ship at sea, is a great desideratum in navigation.

3. The longitude of a star, is its distance from the equinoctial points, or the beginning of Aries or Libra.

Bailey.

Longitudinal

LONGITU'DINAL, adjective Pertaining to longitude or length; as longitudinal distance.

2. Extending in length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse or across; as the longitudinal diameter of a body. The longitudinal suture of the head runs between the coronal and lamdoidal sutures.

Bailey.

Longtudinally

LONGTU'DINALLY, adverb In the direction of length.

Some of the fibers of the human body are placed longitudinally, others transversely.

Encyc.

Longlegged

LONG'LEGGED, adjective Having long legs.

Longlived

LONG'LIVED, adjective Having a long life or existence; living long; lasting long.

Longly

LONG'LY, adverb With longing desire. [Not used.]

Shak.

Long-Measure

LONG-MEASURE, noun Lineal measure; the measure of length.

Longness

LONG'NESS, noun Length. [Little used.]

Long-Primer

LONG-PRIM'ER, noun A printing type of a particular size, between small pica and bourgeois.

Longshanked

LONG'SHANKED, adjective Having long legs.

Burton.

Long-Sight

LONG-SIGHT, noun Long-sightedness.

Good.

Long-Sighted

LONG-SIGHTED, adjective Able to see at a great distance; used literally of the eyes, and figuratively of the mind or intellect.

Long-Sightedness

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, noun The faculty of seeing objects at a great distance.

2. In medicine, presbyopy; that defect of sight by which objects near at hand are seen confusedly, but at remoter distances distinctly.

Hooper.

Longsome

LONG'SOME, adjective Extended in length; tiresome; tedious; as a longsome plain. Obs.

Prior.

Longspun

LONG'SPUN, adjective Spun or extended to a great length.

Addison.

Long-Sufferance

LONG-SUF'FERANCE, noun Forbearance to punish; clemency; patience.

Com. Prayer.

Long-Suffering

LONG-SUF'FERING, adjective Bearing injuries or provocation for a long time; patient; not easily provoked.

The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abundant in goodness. Exodus 34.

Long-Suffering

LONG-SUF'FERING, noun Long endurance; patience of offense.

Despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering? Romans 2.

Long-Tongued

LONG'-TONGUED, adjective Rating; babbling.

Shak.

Longways

LONGWAYS, a mistake for longwise.

Long-Winded

LONG-WIND'ED, adjective Long breathed; tedious in speaking, argument or narration; as a long-winded advocate.

Long-Wise

LONG'-WISE, adverb In the direction of length; lengthwise. [Little used.]

Hakewill.

Lonish

LO'NISH, adjective Somewhat solitary. [Not used and inelegant.]

Loo

LOO, noun A game at cards.

Pope.

Loobily

LOOB'ILY, adverb [See Looby.] Like a looby; in an awkward, clumsy manner.

L'Estrange.

Looby

LOOB'Y, noun [Welsh llabi, a tall lank person, a looby, a lubber, a clumsy fellow; llob, a blockhead, an unwieldy lump.] An awkward, clumsy fellow; a lubber.

Who could give the looby such airs?

Swift.

Loof

LOOF, noun The after part of a ship's bow, or the part where the planks begin to be incurvated, as they approach the stem.

Mar. Dict.

Loof

LOOF. [See Luff, which is the word used.]

Loofed

LOOF'ED, adjective [See Aloof.] Gone to a distance. [Not used.]

Shak.

Look

LOOK, verb intransitive [Saxon locian; German lugen; Sanscrit lokhan. It is perhaps allied to Welsh lygu, to appear, to shine. See Light. The primary sense is to stretch, to extend, to shoot, hence to direct the eye. We observe its primary sense is nearly the same as that of seek. Hence, to look for is to seek.]

1. To direct the eye towards an object, with the intention of seeing it.

When the object is within sight, look is usually followed by on or at. We look on or at a picture; we look on or at the moon; we cannot look on or at the unclouded sun, without pain.

At, after look, is not used in our version of the Scriptures. In common usage, at or on is now used indifferently in many cases, and yet in other cases, usage has established a preference. In general, on is used in the more solemn forms of expression. Moses was afraid to look on God. The Lord look on you and judge. In these and similar phrases, the use of at would be condemned, as expressing too little solemnity.

In some cases, at seems to be more properly used before very distant objects; but the cases can hardly be defined.

The particular direction of the eye is expressed by various modifying words; as, to look down, to look up, to look back, to look forward, to look from, to look round, to look out, to look under. When the object is not in sight, look is followed by after, or for. Hence, to look after, or look for, is equivalent to seek or search, or to expect.

2. To see; to have the sight or view of.

Fate sees thy life lodged in a brittle glass,

And looks it through, but to it cannot pass.

Dryden.

3. To direct the intellectual eye; to apply the mind or understanding; to consider; to examine. Look at the conduct of this man; view it in all its aspects. Let every man look into the state of his own heart. Let us look beyond the received notions of men on this subject.

4. To expect.

He must look to fight another battle, before he could reach Oxford. [Little used.]

Clarendon.

5. To take care; to watch.

Look that ye bind them fast.

Shak.

6. To be directed.

Let thine eyes look right on. Proverbs 4.

7. To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance. The patient looks better than he did. The clouds look rainy.

I am afraid it would look more like vanity than gratitude.

Addison.

Observe how such a practice looks in another person.

Watts.

So we say, to look stout or big; to look peevish; to look pleasant or graceful.

8. To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front.

The gate that looketh toward the north. Ezekiel 8.

The east gate of the Lord's house, that looketh eastward. Ezekiel 11.

To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions.

To look about one, to be on the watch; to be vigilant; to be circumspect or guarded.

Arbuthnot.

To look after, to attend; to take care of; as, to look after children.

2. To expect; to be in a state of expectation.

Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth. Luke 21.

3. To seek; to search.

My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place whereunto it has now retreated.

Woodward.

To look for, to expect; as, to look for news by the arrival of a ship.

Look now for no enchanting voice.

Milton.

2. To seek; to search; as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle.

To look into, to inspect closely; to observe narrowly; to examine; as, to look into the works of nature; to look into the conduct of another; to look into one's affairs.

Which things the angels desire to look into. I Peter 1.

To look on, to regard; to esteem.

Her friends would look on her the worse.

Prior.

2. To consider; to view; to conceive of; to think.

I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer.

Dryden.

3. To be a mere spectator.

I'll be a candle-holder and look on.

Shak.

To look over, to examine one by one; as, to look over a catalogue of books; to look over accounts.

To overlook, has a different sense, to pass over without seeing.

To look out, to be on the watch. The seaman looks out for breakers.

To look to, or unto, to watch; to take care of.

Look well to thy herds. Proverbs 27.

2. To resort to with confidence or expectation of receiving something; to expect to receive from. The creditor may look to the surety for payment.

Look to me and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth. Isaiah 45.

To look through, to penetrate with the eye, or with the understanding; to see or understand perfectly.

Look

LOOK, verb transitive To seek; to search for.

Looking my love, I go from place to place. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To influence by looks or presence; as, to look down opposition.

A spirit fit to start into an empire,

And look the world to law.

Dryden.

To look out, to search for and discover. Look out associates of good reputation.

To look one another in the face, to meet for combat. 2 Kings 14.

Look

LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention or notice. Look ye, look you; that is, see, behold, observe, take notice.

Look

LOOK, noun Cast of countenance; air of the face; aspect; as, a high look is an index of pride; a downcast look indicates modesty, bashfulness, or depression of mind.

Pain, disgrace and poverty have frightful looks.

Locke.

2. The act of looking or seeing. Every look filled him with anguish.

3. View; watch.

Swinburne.

Looker

LOOK'ER, noun One who looks.

A looker on, a mere spectator; one that looks on, but has no agency or interest in the affair.

Looking-Glass

LOOK'ING-GLASS, noun A glass which reflects the form of the person who looks on it; a mirror.

There is none so homely but loves a looking-glass.

South.

Look-Out

LOOK'-OUT, noun A careful looking or watching for any object or event.

Mar. Dict.

Lool

LOOL, noun In metallurgy, a vessel used to receive the washings of ores of metals.

Encyc.

Loom

LOOM, noun [Saxon loma, geloma, utensils.] In composition, heir-loom, in law, is a personal chattel that by special custom descends to an heir with the inheritance, being such a thing as cannot be separated from the estate, without injury to it; such as jewels of the crown, charters, deeds, and the like.

Blackstone.

2. A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver works threads into cloth.

Hector, when he sees Andromache over-whelmed with terror, sends her for consolation to the loom and the distaff.

Rambler.

3. [Danish lom or loom, German lohme.] A fowl of the size of a goose.

4. That part of an oar which is within board.

Mar. Dict.

Loom

LOOM, verb intransitive [Qu. Saxon leoman, to shine, from leoma, a beam of light. This does not give the exact sense of the word as now used.]

To appear above the surface either of sea or land, or to appear larger than the real dimensions and indistinctly; as a distant object, a ship at sea, or a mountain. The ship looms large, or the land looms high.

Mar. Dict.

Loom-Gale

LOOM'-GALE, noun A gentle gale of wind.

Encyc.

Looming

LOOM'ING, participle of the present tense Appearing above the surface, or indistinctly, at a distance.

Loon

LOON, noun [Scot. loun or loon. Qu. Saxon lun, needy, or Irish liun, sluggish.]

1. A sorry fellow; a rogue; a rascal.

Dryden. Shak.

2. A sea-fowl of the genus Colymbus. [Icelandic lunde.]

Loop

LOOP, noun [Irish lubam, to bend or fold; lub, luba, a thong, a loop.]

1. A folding or doubling of a string or a noose, through which a lace or cord may be run for fastening.

That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop

To hang a doubt on.

Shak.

2. In iron-works, the part of a row or block of cast iron, melted off for the forge or hammer.

Looped

LOOP'ED, adjective Full of holes.

Shak.

Loophole

LOOP'HOLE, noun A small aperture in the bulk-head and other parts of a merchant ship, through which small arms are fired at an enemy.

Mar. Dict.

2. A hole or aperture that gives a passage.

3. A passage for escape; means of escape.

Dryden.

Loopholed

LOOP'HOLED, adjective Full of holes or openings for escape.

Hudibras.

Looping

LOOP'ING, noun In metallurgy, the running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for calcination. [Dutch loopen, to run.]

Encyc.

Loord

LOORD, noun [Dutch loer, a clown; French lourd, Spanish lerdo, heavy, dull, gross.]

A dull stupid fellow; a drone. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Loose

LOOSE, v. t. loos. [Saxon lysan, alysan, leosan; Swedish l?sa Dutch lossen, loozen; German lÃƒ-¶sen; Danish lÃƒ-¶ser; Gothic lausyan; Greek, contracted from the same root. The Welsh llaesu, signifies to relax, but may be from the root of lax. These words coincide with the Chaldee Syriac Arabic Hebrew. Class Ls. No. 30.]

1. To unite or unbind; to free from any fastening.

Canst thou loose the bands of Orion? Job 38.

Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring them to me. Matthew 21.

2. To relax.

The joints of his loins were loosed. Danish v.

3. To release from imprisonment; to liberate; to set at liberty.

The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed. Isaiah 51.

4. To free from obligation.

Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife. 1 Corinthians 7.

5. To free from any thing that binds or shackles; as a man loosed from lust and pelf.

Dryden.

6. To relieve; to free from any thing burdensome or afflictive.

Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity. Luke 13.

7. To disengage; to detach; as, to loose one's hold.

8. To put off.

Loose thy shoe from off thy foot. Joshua 5.

9. To open.

Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof? Revelation 5.

10. To remit; to absolve.

Whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven. Matthew 16.

Loose

LOOSE, verb intransitive To set sail; to leave a port or harbor.

Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga, in Pamphylia. Acts 13.

Loose

LOOSE, adjective [Gothic laus; Dutch los, losse; German los; Danish lÃƒ-¶s; Swedish l?s. Qu. Welsh lloes, loose, lax.]

1. Unbound; untied; unsewed; not fastened or confined; as the loose sheets of a book.

2. Not tight or close; as a loose garment.

3. Not crowded; not close or compact.

With horse and chariots rank'd in loose array.

Milton.

4. Not dense, close or compact; as a cloth or fossil of loose texture.

5. Not close; not concise; lax; as a loose and diffuse style.

6. Not precise or exact; vague; indeterminate; as a loose way of reasoning.

7. Not strict or rigid; as a loose observance of rites.

8. Unconnected; rambling; as a loose indigested play.

Vario spends whole mornings in running over loose and unconnected pages.

Watts.

9. Of lax bowels.

Locke.

10. Unengaged; not attached enslaved.

Their prevailing principle is, to sit as loose from pleasures, and be as moderate in the use of them as they can.

Atterbury.

11. Disengaged; free from obligation; with from or of.

Now I stand

Loose of my vow; but who knows Cato's thought? [Little used.]

Addison.

12. Wanton; unrestrained in behavior; dissolute; unchaste; as a loose man or woman.

13. Containing unchaste language; as a loose epistle.

Dryden.

To break loose, to escape from confinement; to gain liberty by violence.

Dryden.

To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement; to set at liberty.

Locke.

Loose

LOOSE, noun Freedom from restraint; liberty.

Come, give thy soul a loose.

Dryden.

Vent all its griefs, and give a loose to sorrow.

Addison.

We use this word only in the phrase, give a loose. The following use of it, "he runs with an unbounded loose," is obsolete.

Prior.

Loosed

LOOS'ED, participle passive United; unbound; freed from restraint.

Loosely

LOOSELY, adv. loos'ly. Not fast; not firmly; that may be easily disengaged; as things loosely tied or connected.

2. Without confinement.

Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed

About her ears.

Spenser.

3. Without union or connection.

Part loosely wing the region.

Milton.

4. Irregularly; not with the usual restraints.

A bishop living loosely, was charged that his conversation was not according to the apostle's lives.

Camden.

5. Negligently; carelessly; heedlessly; as a mind loosely employed.

Locke.

6. Meanly; slightly.

A prince should not be so loosely studied, as to remember so weak a composition.

Shak.

7. Wantonly; dissolutely; unchastely.

Pope.

Loosen

LOOS'EN, v. t. loos'n. [from loose, or it is the Saxon infinitive retained.]

1. To free from tightness, tension, firmness or fixedness; as, to loosen a string when tied, or a knot; to loosen a string when tied, or a knot; to loosen a joint; to loosen a rock in the earth.

2. To render less dense or compact; as, to loosen the earth about the roots of a tree.

3. To free from restraint.

It loosens his hands and assists his understanding.

Dryden.

4. To remove costiveness from; to facilitate or increase alvine discharges.

Fear looseneth the belly.

Bacon.

Loosen

LOOS'EN, verb intransitive To become loose; to become less tight, firm or compact.

Loosened

LOOS'ENED, participle passive Freed from tightness or fixedness; rendered loose.

Looseness

LOOSENESS, n. loos'ness. The state of being loose or relaxed; a state opposite to that of being tight, fast, fixed or compact; as the looseness of a cord; the looseness of a robe; the looseness of the skin; the looseness of earth, or of the texture of cloth.

2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness; laxity; levity; as looseness of morals or of principles.

3. Irregularity; habitual deviation from strict rules; as looseness of life.

Hayward.

4. Habitual lewdness; unchastity.

Spenser.

5. Flux from the bowels; diarrhaea.

Bacon.

Loosening

LOOS'ENING, participle of the present tense Freeing from tightness, tension or fixedness; rendering less compact.

Loosestrife

LOOSESTRIFE, n. loos'strife. In botany, the name of several species of plants, of the genera Lysimachia, Epilobium, Lythrum, and Gaura.

Lee.

Loosing

LOOS'ING, participle of the present tense Setting free from confinement.

Lop

LOP, verb transitive [I know not the affinities of this word, unless it is lob, or the Welsh llab, a stroke; llabiaw, to slap or strike, or the flap, or Irish lubam, to bend. The primary sense is evidently to fall or fell, or to strike down, and I think it connected with flap.]

1. To cut off, as the top or extreme part of any thing; to shorten by cutting off the extremities; as, to lop a tree or its branches.

With branches lopp'd in wood, or mountain fell'd.

Milton.

2. To cut off, as exuberances; to separate, as superfluous parts.

Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts.

Pope.

3. To cut partly off and bend down; as, to lop the trees or saplings of a hedge.

4. To let fall; to flap; as, a horse lops his ears.

Lop

LOP, noun That which is cut from trees.

Else both body and lop will be of little value.

Mortimer.

Lop

LOP, noun [Saxon loppe.] A flea. [Local.]

Lope

LOPE, pret. of leap. [Swedish l?pa; Dutch loopen.] Obs.

Spenser.

Lope

LOPE, noun [Swedish l?pa, Dutch loopen, to run. See Leap.]

A leap; a long step. [A word in popular use in America.]

Lope

LOPE, verb intransitive To leap; to move or run with a long step, as a dog.

Loping

LO'PING, participle of the present tense Leaping; moving or running with a long step.

Lopped

LOP'PED, participle passive Cut off; shortened by cutting off the top or end; bent down.

Lopper

LOP'PER, noun One that lops.

Lopping

LOP'PING, participle of the present tense Cutting off; shortening by cutting off the extremity; letting fall.

Lopping

LOP'PING, noun That which is cut off.

Loquacious

LOQUA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin loquax, from loquor, to speak. Qu. to clack.] Talkative; given to continual talking.

Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong.

Dryden.

2. Speaking; noisy.

Blind British bards, with volant touch,

Traverse loquacious strings.

Philips.

3. Apt to blab and disclose secrets.

Loquaciousness

LOQUA'CIOUSNESS, or LOQUAC'ITY, noun [Latin loquacitas.] Talkativeness; the habit or practice of talking continually or excessively.

Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity by fits.

Arbuthnot.

Lord

LORD, noun [Saxon hlaford. This has been supposed to be compounded of hlaf, loaf, and ford, afford, to give; and hence a lord is interpreted, a bread-giver. But lady, in Saxon, is in like manner written hloef-doeg; and doeg can hardly signify a giver. The word occurs in none of the Teutonic dialects, except the Saxon; and it is not easy to ascertain the original signification of the word. I question the correctness of the common interpretation.]

1. A master; a person possessing supreme power and authority; a ruler; a governor.

Man over man

He made not lord.

Milton.

But now I was the lord

Of this fair mansion.

Shak.

2. A tyrant; an oppressive ruler.

Dryden.

3. A husband.

I oft in bitterness of soul deplored

My absent daughter, and my dearer lord.

Pope.

My lord also being old. Genesis 18.

4. A baron; the proprietor of a manor; as the lord of the manor.

5. A nobleman; a title of honor in Great Britain given to those who are noble by birth or creation; a peer of the realm, including dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts and barons. Archbishops and bishops also, as members of the house of lords, are lords of parliament. Thus we say, lords temporal and spiritual. By courtesy also the title is given to the sons of dukes and marquises, and to the eldest sons of earls.

Encyc.

6. An honorary title bestowed on certain official characters; as lord advocate, lord chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief justice, &c.

7. In Scripture, the Supreme Being; Jehovah. When Lord, in the Old Testament, is printed in capitals, it is the translation of JEHOVAH, and so might, with more propriety, be rendered. The word is applied to Christ, Psalm 110. Colossians 3. and to the Holy Spirit, 2 Thessalonians 3. As a title of respect, it is applied to kings, Genesis 40:2 Samuel 19. to princes and nobles, Genesis 42. Danish iv. to a husband, Genesis 18. to a prophet, 1 Kings 18:2 Kings 2. and to a respectable person, Genesis 24. Christ is called the Lord of glory, 1 Corinthians 2. and Lord of lords, Revelation 19.

Lord

LORD, verb transitive To invest with the dignity and privileges of a lord.

Shak.

Lord

LORD, verb intransitive To domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway; sometimes followed by over, and sometimes by it, in the manner of a transitive verb.

The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss.

Spenser.

I see them lording it in London streets.

Shak.

They lorded over them whom now they serve.

Milton.

Lording

LORD'ING, noun A little lord; a lord, in contempt or ridicule. [Little used.]

Swift.

Lordlike

LORD'LIKE, adjective Becoming a lord.

2. Haughty; proud; insolent.

Dryden.

Lordliness

LORD'LINESS, noun [from lordly.] Dignity; high station.

Shak.

2. Pride; haughtiness.

More.

Lordling

LORD'LING, noun A little or diminutive lord.

Swift.

Lordly

LORD'LY, adjective [lord and like.] Becoming a lord; pertaining to a lord.

Lordly sins require lordly estates to support them.

South.

2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent.

Every rich and lordly swain,

With pride would drag about her chain.

Swift.

Lordly

LORD'LY, adverb Proudly; imperiously; despotically.

A famished lion, issuing from the wood,

Roars lordly fierce.

Dryden.

Lordship

LORD'SHIP, noun The state or quality of being a lord; hence, a title of honor given to noblemen, except to dukes, who have the title of grace.

2. A titulary compellation of judges and certain other persons in authority and office.

Johnson.

3. Dominion; power; authority.

They who are accounted to rule over the Gentiles, exercise lordship over them. Mark 10.

4. Seigniory; domain; the territory of a lord over which he holds jurisdiction; a manor.

What lands and lordships for their owner know

My quondam barber.

Dryden.

Lore

LORE, noun [Saxon lar, from the root of loeran, to learn; Dutch leer; German lehre; Danish loere; Swedish l?ra.] Learning; doctrine; lesson; instruction.

The law of nations, or the lore of war.

Fairfax.

Lo! Rome herself, proud mistress now no more

Of arts, but thundering against heathen lore.

Pope.

Lorel

LOR'EL, noun [Saxon leoran, to wander.] An abandoned scoundrel; a vagrant. Obs.

Chaucer.

Loresman

LO'RESMAN, noun [lore and man.] An instructor. Obs.

Gower.

Loricate

LOR'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin lorico, loricatus, from lorica, a coat of mail.]

1. To plate over; to spread over, as a plate for defense.

Nature hath loricated the sides of the tympanum in animals with ear-wax.

Ray.

2. To cover with a crust, as a chimical vessel, for resisting fire.

Loricated

LOR'ICATED, participle passive Covered or plated over; encrusted.

Loricating

LOR'ICATING, participle of the present tense Covering over with a plate or crust.

Lorication

LORICA'TION, noun The act or operation of covering any thing with a plate or crust for defense; as the lorication of a chimical vessel, to enable it to resist the action of fire, and sustain a high degree of heat.

Lorimer

LOR'IMER, noun [Latin lorum, a thong; French lormier.]

A bridle-maker; one that makes bits for bridles, &c. [Not used.]

Loring

LO'RING, noun Instructive discourse. Obs.

Spenser.

Loriot

LO'RIOT, noun [French] A bird called witwal; the oriole.

Loris

LO'RIS, noun A small quadruped of Ceylon.

Lorn

LORN, adjective [Saxon Danish forloren, lost. See Forlorn.] Lost; forsaken; lonely.

Spenser.

Lory

LO'RY, noun A subordinate genus of fowls of the parrot kind, forming the link between the parrot and parroquet.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Losable

LOSABLE, adjective That may be lost. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Lose

LOSE, v. t. looz. pret. and pp. lost. [Saxon losian, forlosian, forlysan; Dutch verliezen; Gothic liusan. The sense is probably to part, to separate, and from the root of loose.]

1. To mislay; to part or be separated from a thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place where it is; as, to lose a book or a paper; to lose a record; to lose a dollar or a ducat.

2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest; as, to lose money in gaming.

3. Not to gain or win; as, to lose a battle, that is, to be defeated.

4. To be deprived of; as, to lose men in battle; to lose an arm or a leg by a shot or by amputation; to lose one's life or honor.

5. To forfeit, as a penalty. Our first parents lost the favor of God by their apostasy.

6. To suffer diminution or waste of.

If the salt hath lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? Matthew 5.

7. To ruin; to destroy.

The woman that deliberates is lost.

Addison.

8. To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to find; as, to lose the way.

9. To bewilder.

Lost in the maze of words.

Pope.

10. To possess no longer; to be deprived of; contrary to keep; as, to lose a valuable trade.

11. Not to employ or enjoy; to waste. Titus sighed to lose a day.

Th' unhappy have but hours, and these they lose.

Dryden.

12. To waste; to squander; to throw away; as, to lose a fortune by gaming, or by dissipation.

13. To suffer to vanish from view or perception. We lost sight of the land at noon.

I lost my companion in the crowd.

Like following life in creatures we dissect,

We lose it in the moment we detect.

Pope.

14. To ruin; to destroy by shipwreck, &c. The Albion was lost on the coast of Ireland, April 22, 1822. The admiral lost three ships in a tempest.

15. To cause to perish; as, to be lost at sea.

16. To employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste. Instruction is often lost on the dull; admonition is lost on the profligate. It is often the fate of projectors to lose their labor.

17. To be freed from.

His scaly back the bunch has got

Which Edwin lost before.

Parnell.

18. To fail to obtain.

He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matthew 10.

To lose one's self, to be bewildered; also, to slumber; to have the memory and reason suspended.

Lose

LOSE, v. i. looz. To forfeit any thing in contest; not to win.

We'll talk with them too,

Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out.

Shak.

2. To decline; to fail.

Wisdom in discourse with her

Loses discountenanced, and like folly shows.

Milton.

Losel

LOS'EL, n. s as z. [from the root of loose.] A wasteful fellow, one who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person. Obs.

Spenser.

Losenger

LOS'ENGER, noun [Saxon leas, false; leasunge, falsity.] A deceiver. Obs.

Chaucer.

Loser

LOSER, n. looz'er. One that loses, or that is deprived of any thing by defeat, forfeiture or the like; the contrary to winner or gainer. A loser by trade may be honest and moral; this cannot be said of a loser by gaming.

Losing

LOSING, ppr. looz'ing. Parting from; missing; forfeiting; wasting; employing to no good purpose.

Loss

LOSS, noun Privation; as the loss of property; loss of money by gaming; loss of health or reputation. Every loss is not a detriment. We cannot regret the loss of bad company or of evil habits.

2. Destruction; ruin; as the loss of a ship at sea; the loss of an army.

3. Defeat; as the loss of a battle.

4. Waste; useless application; as a loss of time or labor.

5. Waste by leakage or escape; as a loss of liquors in transportation.

To bear a loss, to make good; also, to sustain a loss without sinking under it.

To be at a loss, to be puzzled; to be unable to determine; to be in a state of uncertainty.

Lossful

LOSS'FUL, adjective Detrimental. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Lossless

LOSS'LESS, adjective Free from loss. [Not used.]

Milton.

Lost

LOST, participle passive [from lose.] Mislaid or left in a place unknown or forgotten; that cannot be found; as a lost book.

2. Ruined; destroyed; wasted or squandered; employed to no good purpose; as lost money; lost time.

3. Forfeited; as a lost estate.

4. Not able to find the right way, or the place intended. A stranger is lost in London or Paris.

5. Bewildered; perplexed; being in a maze; as, a speaker may be lost in his argument.

6. Alienated; insensible; hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; as a profligate lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor.

7. Not perceptible to the senses; not visible; as an isle lost in fog; a person lost in a crowd.

8. Shipwrecked or foundered; sunk or destroyed; as a ship lost at sea, or on the rocks.

Lot

LOT, noun [Saxon hlot, hlodd, hlet, hlyt; Gothic hlauts; Dutch French lot; Swedish lott; Danish Armoric lod; German los; Italian lotto; Spanish loteria, a lottery. The primary sense is that which comes, falls or happens, or a part, a division or share. The French, from lot, have lotir, to divide; Armoric loda, id. whence lodecq, a co-heir.]

1. That which, in human speech, is called chance, hazard, fortune; but in strictness of language, is the determination of Providence; as, the land shall be divided by lot. Numbers 26.

2. That by which the fate or portion of one is determined; that by which an event is committed to chance, that is, to the determination of Providence; as, to cast lots; to draw lots.

The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16.

3. The part, division or fate which falls to one by chance, that is, by divine determination.

The second lot came forth to Simeon. Joshua 19.

He was but born to try

The lot of man, to suffer and to die.

Pope.

4. A distinct portion or parcel; as a lot of goods; a lot of boards.

5. Proportion or share of taxes; as, to pay scot and lot.

6. In the U. States, a piece or division of land; perhaps originally assigned by drawing lots, but now any portion, piece or division. So we say, a man has a lot of land in Broadway, or in the meadow; he has a lot in the plain, or on the mountain; he has a home-lot, a house-lot, a wood-lot.

The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York.

Kent. Franklin, Law of Penn.

To cast lots, is to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined.

To draw lots, to determine an event by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer, and thus determining an event.

Lot

LOT, verb transitive To allot; to assign; to distribute; to sort; to catalogue; to portion.

Prior.

Lote

LOTE, noun [Latin lotus, lotos.] A plant of the genus Celtis, the lote-tree, of several species. The wood of one species is very durable, and is used for timber. In Italy, flutes and other wind-instruments are made of it, and in England it is used for the frames of coaches, &c.

Encyc.

2. A little fish.

Loth

LOTH, adjective [Saxon lath, Swedish led, Danish leede, odious, hated. The common orthography is loath, pronounced with o long, but both the orthography and pronunciation are corrupt. This word follows the analogy of cloth, Saxon clath. I have followed Milton, Dryden, Waller, Spenser and Shakspeare in the orthography of the adjective, and Cruden in that of the verb. The primary sense is to thrust, to turn or drive away. See the verb, and Class Ld. No. 9.15.]

1. Literally, hating, detesting; hence,

2. Unwilling; disliking; not inclined; reluctant.

Long doth he stay, as loth to leave the land.

Davies.

To pardon willing, and to punish loth.

Waller.

Lothe

LOTHE, verb transitive [Saxon lathian, to hate, to detest, to call, to invite; gelathian, to call; Gothic lathon, to call; Swedish ledas, to lothe; German einladen, to invite, to lade or load, from laden, to lade, to invite, to cite or summon. See Lade.]

1. To feel disgust at any thing; properly, to have an extreme aversion of the appetite to food or drink.

Our soul lotheth this light bread. Numbers 21.

Lothing the honey'd cakes, I long'd for bread.

Cowley.

2. To hate; to dislike greatly; to abhor.

Ye shall lothe yourselves in your own sight for all your evilsÃ‚-- Ezekiel 20.

Not to reveal the secret which I lothe.

Waller.

Lothe

LOTHE, verb intransitive To create disgust. Obs.

Spenser.

Lothed

LO'THED, participle passive Hated; abhorred; turned from with disgust.

Lother

LO'THER, noun One that lothes or abhors.

Lothful

LO'THFUL, adjective Hating; abhorring.

Which he did with lothful eyes behold.

Hubberd.

2. Disgusting; hated; exciting abhorrence.

Above the reach of lothful sinful lust.

Spenser.

Lothing

LO'THING, participle of the present tense Feeling disgust at; having extreme aversion to; as lothing food.

2. Hating; abhorring; as lothing sin.

Lothing

LO'THING, noun Extreme disgust; abhorrence. Ezekiel 16.

Lothingly

LO'THINGLY, adverb With extreme disgust or abhorrence; in a fastidious manner.

Lothly

LOTH'LY, adverb Unwillingly; reluctantly.

This shows that you from nature lothly stray.

Donne.

Lothness

LOTH'NESS, noun Unwillingness; reluctance.

There grew among them a general silence and lothness to speak.

Bacon.

Lothsome

LO'THSOME, adjective [Swedish ledesam.] Causing an extreme aversion of appetite; exciting fastidiousness. Numbers 11.

2. Exciting extreme disgust; offensive; as a lothsome disease. Psalm 38.

3. Odious; exciting hatred or abhorrence; detestable; as lothsome sloth.

Spenser.

Lothsomeness

LO'THSOMENESS, noun The quality of exciting extreme disgust or abhorrence.

Addison.

Lotion

LO'TION, noun [Latin lotio, from lavo, to wash.]

1. A washing; particularly, a washing of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair.

Encyc.

2. A liquid preparation for washing some part of the body, to cleanse it of foulness or deformity.

Encyc.

3. In pharmacy, a preparation of medicines, by washing them in some liquid, to remove foreign substances, impurities, &c.

Encyc.

Lottery

LOT'TERY, noun [French loterie; Spanish loteria. See Lot.]

1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by chance, or the distribution itself. Lotteries are often authorized by law, but many good men deem them immoral in principle, and almost all men concur in the opinion that their effects are pernicious.

2. Allotment. [Not used.]

Loud

LOUD, adjective [Saxon hlud or lud; German laut; Dutch liud; Danish lyd; Latin laudo, to praise, and with a prefix, plaudo; Welsh clod, praise, formed from llod, which signifies what is forcibly uttered; llodi, to reach out; llawd, that shoots out, that is productive, also a lad. This is the Chaldee Syriac Hebrew Samaritan, Ethiopic walad, Arabic walada, to bring forth. The primary sense is obvious. Qu. its connection with the Irish blaodh and glaodh, a calling, and Saxon lathian, to call. See Class Ld. No. 8.29.]

1. Having a great sound; high sounding; noisy; striking the ear with great force; as a loud voice; a loud cry; loud thunder.

2. Uttering or making a great noise; as loud instruments. 2 Chronicles 30.

3. Clamorous; noisy.

She is loud and stubborn. Proverbs 7.

4. Emphatical; impressive; as a loud call to avoid danger.

Loudly

LOUD'LY, adverb With great sound or noise; noisily.

Who long and loudly in the schools declaimed.

Denham.

2. Clamorously; with vehement complaints or importunity. He loudly complained of intolerance.

Loudness

LOUD'NESS, noun Great sound or noise; as the loudness of a voice or of thunder.

2. Clamor; clamorousness; turbulence; uproar.

Lough

LOUGH, n. lok. [Irish and Scot. loch.] A lake; a different orthography of loch and lake.

Fairfax.

Louis Dor

LOUIS D'OR, noun [a Lewis of gold.] A gold coin of France, first struck in 1640, in the reign of Louis XIII., value, twenty shillings sterling, equal to $4.4444.

Lounge

LOUNGE, verb intransitive [French longis, a lingerer, from long.] To live in idleness; to spend time lazily.

Lounger

LOUNG'ER, noun An idler; one who loiters away his time in indolence.

Lour

LOUR. [See Lower.]

Louse

LOUSE, n. lous. plu. lice. [Saxon lus, plu. lys; Dutch luis; German laus; Swedish Danish lus.]

A small insect of the genus Pediculus. It has six feet, two eyes, with long feelers and a sting in the mouth. It infests the bodies of men and other animals; but different animals are infested with different species.

Encyc.

Louse

LOUSE, v. t. louz. To clean from lice.

Swift.

Louse-Wort

LOUSE-WORT, n. lous'-wort. A plant of the genus Pedicularis. The yellow louse-wort is of the genus Rhinanthus.

Fam. of Plants.

Lousily

LOUS'ILY, adv. s as z. [from lousy.] In a mean, paltry manner; scurvily.

Lousiness

LOUS'INESS, n. s as z. The state of abounding with lice.

Lousy

LOUS'Y, a. s as z. [from louse.] Swarming with lice; infested with lice.

Dryden.

2. Mean; low; contemptible; as a lousy knave.

Shak.

Lout

LOUT, noun [Qu. Saxon leod, German leute, people.] A mean awkward fellow; a bumpkin; a clown.

Shak. Gay.

Lout

LOUT, verb intransitive [Saxon hlutan.] To bend; to bow; to stoop. [Obsolete or local.]

Spenser. B. Jonson.

Loutish

LOUT'ISH, adjective Clownish; rude; awkward.

Sidney.

Loutishly

LOUT'ISHLY, adverb Like a clown; in a rude, clumsy, awkward manner.

Louver

LOUVER, n. loo'ver. [French l'ouvert.] An opening in the roof of a cottage for the smoke to escape.

Spenser.

Lovable

LOV'ABLE, adjective Worthy of love; amiable.

Sherwood.

Lovage

LOV'AGE, noun A plant of the genus Ligusticum.

Fam. of Plants.

Love

LOVE, v. t. luv. [Saxon lufian, luvian; Dutch lieven; German lieben; Russian lioblyu; Latin libeo, lubeo; Sanscrit loab, love, desire. See Lief. The sense is probably to be prompt, free, willing, from leaning, advancing, or drawing forward.]

1. In a general sense to be pleased with; to regard with affection, on account of some qualities which excite pleasing sensations or desire of gratification. We love a friend, on account of some qualities which give us pleasure in his society. We love a man who has done us a favor; in which case, gratitude enters into the composition of our affection. We love our parents and our children, on account of their connection with us, and on account of many qualities which please us. We love to retire to a cool shade in summer. We love a warm room in winter. We love to hear an eloquent advocate. The christian loves his Bible. In short, we love whatever gives us pleasure and delight, whether animal or intellectual; and if our hearts are right, we love God above all things, as the sum of all excellence and all the attributes which can communicate happiness to intelligent beings. In other words, the christian loves God with the love of complacency in his attributes, the love of benevolence towards the interests of his kingdom, and the love of gratitude for favors received.

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mindÃ‚--

Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Matthew 22.

2. To have benevolence or good will for. John 3.

Love

LOVE, noun An affection of the mind excited by beauty and worth of any kind, or by the qualities of an object which communicate pleasure, sensual or intellectual. It is opposed to hatred. Love between the sexes, is a compound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence, and animal desire. Love is excited by pleasing qualities of any kind, as by kindness, benevolence, charity, and by the qualities which render social intercourse agreeable. In the latter case, love is ardent friendship, or a strong attachment springing from good will and esteem, and the pleasure derived from the company, civilities and kindnesses of others.

Between certain natural relatives, love seems to be in some cases instinctive. Such is the love of a mother for her child, which manifests itself toward an infant, before any particular qualities in the child are unfolded. This affection is apparently as strong in irrational animals as in human beings.

We speak of the love of amusements, the love of books, the love of money, and the love of whatever contributes to our pleasure or supposed profit.

The love of God is the first duty of man, and this springs from just views of his attributes or excellencies of character, which afford the highest delight to the sanctified heart. Esteem and reverence constitute ingredients in this affection, and a fear of offending him is its inseparable effect.

2. Courtship; chiefly in the phrase, to make love, that is, to court; to woo; to solicit union in marriage.

3. Patriotism; the attachment one has to his native land; as the love of country.

4. Benevolence; good will.

God is love. 1 John 4.

5. The object beloved.

The lover and the love of human kind.

Pope.

6. A word of endearment.

Trust me, love.

Dryden.

7. Picturesque representation of love.

Such was his form as painters, when they show

Their utmost art, on naked loves bestow.

Dryden.

8. Lewdness.

He is not lolling on a lewd love-bed.

Shak.

9. A thin silk stuff. Obs.

Boyle.

Love in idleness, a kind of violet.

Shak.

Free of love, a plant of the genus Cercis.

Fam. of Plants.

Love-Apple

LOVE-APPLE, noun A plant of the genus Solanum.

Love-Broker

LOVE-BROKER, noun A third person who acts as agent between lovers.

Shak.

Loved

LOVED, participle passive Having the affection of any one.

Love-Darting

LOVE-DARTING, adjective Darting love.

Milton.

Love-Day

LOVE-DAY, noun A day formerly appointed for an amicable adjustment of differences.

Chaucer.

Love-Favor

LOVE-FAVOR, noun Something given to be worn in token of love.

Bp. Hall.

Love-Knot

LOVE-KNOT, n. luv'-not. A knot so called, used as a token of love or representing mutual affection.

Love-Labored

LOVE-LABORED, adjective Labored by love.

Milton.

Love-Lass

LOVE-LASS, noun A sweetheart.

Loveless

LOVELESS, adjective Void of love; void of tenderness or kindness.

Milton. Shelton.

Love-Letter

LOVE-LETTER, noun A letter professing love; a letter of courtship.

Lovelily

LOVELILY, adv. luv'lily. [from lovely.] Amiably; in a manner to excite love.

Otway.

Loveliness

LOVELINESS, n. luv'liness. [from lovely.] Amiableness; qualities of body or mind that may excite love.

If there is such a native loveliness in the sex, as to make them victorious when in the wrong, how resistless their power when they are on the side of truth.

Spectator.

Love-Lock

LOVE-LOCK, noun A curl or lock of hair so called; worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.

Lily.

Love-Lorn

LOVE-LORN, adjective [love and lorn.] Forsaken by one's love; as the love-lorn nightingale.

Milton.

Lovely

LOVELY, a. luv'ly. Amiable; that may excite love; possessing qualities which may invite affection.

Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their livesÃ‚-- 2 Samuel 1.

Love-Monger

LOVE-MONGER, noun [love and monger.] One who deals in affairs of love. [Not used.]

Shak.

Love-Pined

LOVE-PINED, adjective Wasted by love.

Spenser.

Lover

LOV'ER, noun One who loves; one who has a tender affection, particularly for a female.

Love is blind, and lovers cannot seeÃ‚--

Shak.

2. A friend; one who regards with kindness.

Your brother and his lover have embraced.

Shak.

3. One who likes or is pleased with any thing; as a lover of books or of science; a lover of wine; a lover of religion.

Lover and loover. [See Louver.]

Love-Secret

LOVE-SECRET, noun A secret between lovers.

Dryden.

Love-Shaft

LOVE-SHAFT, noun Cupid's arrow.

Shak.

Love-Sick

LOVE-SICK, adjective Sick or languishing with love or amorous desire; as a love-sick maid.

To the dear mistress of my love-sick mind.

Dryden.

2. Dictated by a languishing lover, or expressive of languishing love.

Where nightingales their love-sick ditty sing.

Dryden.

Lovesome

LOVESOME, adjective Lovely. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Love-Song

LOVE-SONG, noun A song expressing love.

Shak.

Love-Suit

LOVE-SUIT, noun Courtship; solicitation of union in marriage.

Shak.

Love-Tale

LOVE-TALE, noun A narrative of love.

Cato's a proper person to entrust

A love-tale with.

Addison.

Love-Thought

LOVE-THOUGHT, noun Amorous fancy. [Not used.]

Shak.

Love-Token

LOVE-TOKEN, noun A present in token of love.

Shak.

Love-Toy

LOVE-TOY, noun A small present from a lover.

Arbuthnot.

Love-Trick

LOVE-TRICK, noun Art or artifice expressive of love.

Other love-tricks than glancing with the eyes.

Donne.

Loving

LOVING, participle of the present tense Entertaining a strong affection for; having tender regard for.

2. adjective Fond; affectionate; as a loving friend.

3. Expressing love or kindness; as loving words.

Loving-Kindness

LOVING-KINDNESS, noun Tender regard; mercy; favor; a scriptural word.

My loving-kindness will I not utterly take from him. Psalm 89.

Lovingly

LOVINGLY, adverb With love; with affection; affectionately.

It is no great matter to live lovingly with meek persons.

Taylor.

Lovingness

LOVINGNESS, noun Affection; kind regard.

The only two bands of good will, loveliness and lovingness.

Sidney.

Low

LOW, adjective [Dutch laag, German leg, Swedish l?g, low; Saxon loh, a pit or gulf; Russian log, a low place, a hollow; Danish lag, a bed or layer, a row; from the root of lay.]

1. Not high or elevated; depressed below any given surface or place. Low ground or land, is land below the common level. Low is opposed to high, and both are relative terms. That which is low with respect to one thing, may be high, with respect to another. A low house would be a high fence. A low flight for an eagle, would be a high flight for a partridge.

2. Not rising to the usual highth; as a man of low stature.

3. Declining near the horizon. The sun is low at four o'clock in winter, and at six in summer.

4. Deep; descending far below the adjacent ground; as a low valley.

The lowest bottom shook of Erebus.

Milton.

5. Sunk to the natural level of the ocean by the retiring of the tide; as low water.

6. Below the usual rate or amount, or below the ordinary value; as a low price of corn; low wages.

7. Not high or loud; as a low voice.

8. Grave; depressed in the scale of sounds; as a low note.

9. Near or not very distant from the equator; as a low latitude. We say, the low southern latitudes; the high northern latitudes.

10. Late in time; modern; as the lower empire.

11. Dejected; depressed in vigor; wanting strength or animation; as low spirits; low in spirits. His courage is low.

12. Depressed in condition; in a humble state.

Why but to keep you low and ignorant?

Milton.

13. Humble in rank; in a mean condition; as men of high and low condition; the lower walks of life; a low class of people.

14. Mean; abject; groveling; base; as a person of low mind.

15. Dishonorable; mean; as a low trick or stratagem.

16. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted in thought or diction; as a low comparison; a low metaphor; low language.

In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull.

Felton.

17. Vulgar; common; as a low education.

18. Submissive; humble; reverent.

And pay their fealty

With low subjection.

Milton.

But first low reverence done.

Ibm.

19. Weak; exhausted of vital energy. His disease has brought him very low.

20. Feeble; weak; without force; as a low pulse.

21. Moderate; not inflammatory; as a low fever.

22. Moderate; not intense; as a low heat; a low temperature.

23. Impoverished; in reduced circumstances. The rich are often reduced to a low condition.

24. Moderate; as a low calculation or estimate.

25. Plain; simple; not rich, high seasoned or nourishing; as a low diet.

Low

LOW, adverb Not aloft; not on high; often in composition; as low-brow'd rocks.

Milton. Pope.

2. Under the usual price; at a moderate price. He sold his wheat low.

3. Near the ground; as, the bird flies very low.

4. In a mean condition; in composition; as a low-born fellow; a low-born lass.

Shak.

5. In time approaching our own.

In the part of the world which was first inhabited, even as low down as Abraham's time, they wandered with their flocks and herds.

Locke.

6. With a depressed voice; not loudly; as, speak low.

7. In a state of subjection, poverty or disgrace; as, to be brought low by oppression, by want or by vice.

Low

LOW, verb transitive To sink; to depress. [Not used.]

Wickliffe.

Low

LOW, verb intransitive [Saxon hleowan; Dutch loeijen. It is probably a contracted word, coinciding with Latin lugeo, to weep, the sense of which is, to cry out.]

To bellow, as an ox or cow.

The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.

Gray.

Lowbell

LOWBELL, noun [Swedish l?ge, flame; l?ga, to flame; Saxon loeg, leg, lig, id.; Scot. lowe; German loke.]

A kind of fowling in the night, in which the birds are wakened by a bell, and blinded by light, so as to be easily taken.

Cowel.

Lowbell

LOWBELL, verb transitive To scare, as with a low-bell.

Hammond.

Low

LOW, or LOWE, a termination of names, as in Bed-low. [Saxon hlaw, a hill, heap or barrow, Gothic hlaiw.]

Low-Born

LOW-BORN, adjective Born in low life.

Low-Bred

LOW-BRED, adjective Bred in a low condition or manner; vulgar.

Lower

LOWER, verb transitive [from low.] To cause to descend; to let down; to take or bring down; as, to lower the main-sail of a sloop.

2. To suffer to sink downwards.

Woodward.

3. To bring down; to reduce or humble; as, to lower the pride of man.

4. To lessen; to diminish; to reduce, as value or amount; as, to lower the price or value of goods, or the rate of interest.

Lower

LOWER, verb intransitive To fall; to sink; to grow less.

Shak.

Lower

LOW'ER, verb intransitive To appear dark or gloomy; to be clouded; to threaten a storm.

And all the clouds that lowered upon your house.

Shak.

The lowering spring.

Dryden.

2. To frown; to look sullen.

But sullen discontent sat lowering on her face.

Dryden.

Lower

LOW'ER, noun Cloudiness; gloominess.

2. A frowning; sullenness.

Sidney.

Lower

LOWER, adjective [comp. of low.] Less high or elevated.

Loweringly

LOW'ERINGLY, adverb With cloudiness or threatening gloom.

Lowermost

LOWERMOST, adjective [from low.] Lowest.

Lowery

LOW'ERY, adjective Cloudy; gloomy.

Lowest

LOWEST, adjective [superl. of low.] Most low; deepest; most depressed or degraded, &c.

Lowing

LOWING, participle of the present tense Bellowing, as an ox.

Lowing

LOWING, noun The bellowing or cry of cattle.

Lowland

LOWLAND, noun Land which is low with respect to the neighboring country; a low or level country. Thus the Belgic states are called Lowlands. The word is sometimes opposed to a mountainous country; as the Lowlands of Scotland. Sometimes it denotes a marsh.

Dryden.

Lowlihood

LOWLIHOOD, noun A humble state. Obs.

Chaucer.

Lowliness

LOWLINESS, noun [from lowly.] Freedom from pride; humility; humbleness of mind.

Milton.

WalkÃ‚--with all lowliness and meekness. Ephesians 4. Philippians 2.

2. Meanness; want of dignity; abject state. [In this sense little used.]

Spenser. Dryden.

Lowly

LOWLY, adjective [low and like.] Having a low esteem of one's own worth; humble; meek; free from pride.

Take my yoke upon you and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart. Matthew 11.

He scorneth the scorners; but he giveth grace to the lowly. Proverbs 3.

2. Mean; low; wanting dignity or rank.

One common right the great and lowly claim.

Pope.

3. Not lofty or sublime; humble.

These rural poems, and their lowly strain.

Dryden.

4. Not high; not elevated in place.

Dryden.

Lowly

LOWLY, adverb Humbly; meekly; modestly.

Be lowly wise.

Milton.

2. Meanly; in a low condition; without grandeur or dignity.

I will show myself highly fed and lowly taught.

Shak.

Lown

LOWN, noun [See Loon.] A low fellow; a scoundrel.

Shak.

Lowness

LOWNESS, noun The state of being low or depressed; the state of being less elevated than something else; as the lowness of the ground, or of the water after the ebb-tide.

2. Meanness of condition. Men are not to be despised or oppressed on account of the lowness of their birth or condition.

3. Meanness of mind or character; want of dignity. Haughtiness usually springs from lowness of mind; real dignity is distinguished by modesty.

4. Want of sublimity in style or sentiment; the contrary to loftiness.

Dryden.

5. Submissiveness; as the lowness of obedience.

Bacon.

6. Depression of mind; want of courage or fortitude; dejection; as lowness of spirits.

7. Depression in fortune; a state of poverty; as the lowness of circumstances.

8. Depression in strength or intensity; as the lowness of heat or temperature; lowness of zeal.

9. Depression in price or worth; as the lowness of price or value; the lowness of the funds or of the markets.

10. Graveness of sound; as the lowness of notes.

11. Softness of sound; as the lowness of the voice.

Low-Spirited

LOW-SPIR'ITED, adjective Not having animation and courage; dejected; depressed; not lively or sprightly. Losses of property often render men low-spirited. Excessive severity breaks the mind, and renders the child or pupil low-spirited.

Low-Spiritedness

LOW-SPIR'ITEDNESS, noun Dejection of mind or courage; a state of low spirits.

Cheyne.

Low-Thoughted

LOW-THOUGHT'ED, adjective Having the thoughts employed on low subjects; not having sublime and elevated thoughts or contemplations; mean of sentiment; as low-thoughted care.

Milton. Pope.

Low-Wines

LOW-WINES, noun [low and wine.] The liquor produced by the first distillation of melasses, or fermented liquors; the first run of the still.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Loxodromic

LOXODROM'IC, adjective [Greek, oblique, and, a course.]

Pertaining to oblique sailing by the rhomb; as loxodromic tables.

Loxodromics

LOXODROM'ICS, noun The art of oblique sailing by the rhomb, which always makes an equal angle with every meridian; that is, when a ship sails neither directly under the equator, nor under the same meridian, but obliquely.

Harris. Bailey.

Loyal

LOY'AL, adjective [French loyal; Italian leale; Spanish leal; from Latin lex, law.]

Faithful to a prince or superior; true to plighted faith, duty or love; not treacherous; used of subjects to their prince, and of husband, wife and lovers; as a loyal subject; a loyal wife.

There Laodamia with Evadne moves,

Unhappy both! but loyal in their loves.

Dryden.

Loyalist

LOY'ALIST, noun A person who adheres to his sovereign; particularly, one who maintains his allegiance to his prince, and defends his cause in times of revolt or revolution.

Loyally

LOY'ALLY, adverb With fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a husband or lover.

Loyalty

LOY'ALTY, noun Fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a husband or lover.

He had such loyalty to the king as the law requires.

Clarendon.

Lozenge

LOZ'ENGE, noun [French losange; Greek, oblique, and, a corner.]

1. Originally, a figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles; a rhomb.

2. In heraldry, a four-cornered figure, resembling a pane of glass in old casements.

Encyc.

3. Among jewelers, lozenges are common to brilliants and rose diamonds. In brilliants, they are formed by the meeting of the skill and the star facets on the bezil; in the latter, by the meeting of the facets in the horizontal ribs of the crown.

Encyc.

4. A form of medicine in small pieces, to be chewed or held in the mouth till melted.

Johnson.

5. In confectionary, a small cake of preserved fruit, or of sugar, &c.

Lozenged

LOZ'ENGED, adjective Made into the shape of lozenges.

Lozengy

LOZ'ENGY, adjective In heraldry, having the field or charge covered with lozenges.

Lp

LP, a contraction of lordship.

Lu

LU. [See Loo.]

Lubbard

LUBBARD. [Not used. See Lubber.]

Lubber

LUB'BER, noun [Welsh llabi, a tall lank fellow, a clumsy man, a stripling, a lubber, a looby; llab, a flag or thin strip, a stripe or stroke; llabiaw, to slap; llob, an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow. From the significations of llabi, it appears that the primary sense is tall and lank, like a stripling who gains his highth before he does his full strength, and hence is clumsy. But looby seems rather to be from llob.]

A heavy, clumsy fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown.

And lingering lubbers lose many a penny.

Tusser.

Lubberly

LUB'BERLY, adjective Properly, tall and lank without activity; hence, bulky and heavy; clumsy; lazy; as a lubberly fellow or boy.

Lubberly

LUB'BERLY, adverb Clumsily; awkwardly.

Dryden.

Lubric

LU'BRIC, adjective [Latin lubricus, slippery.] Having a smooth surface; slippery; as a lubric throat.

Crashaw.

2. Wavering; unsteady; as the lubric waves of state.

Wotton.

3. Lascivious; wanton; lewd.

This lubric and adulterate age.

Dryden.

[This word is now little used.]

Lubricant

LU'BRICANT, noun [See Lubricate.] That which lubricates.

Lubricate

LU'BRICATE, verb transitive [Latin lubrico, from lubricus, slippery; allied to labor, to slip or slide.]

To make smooth or slippery. Mucilaginous and saponaceous medicines lubricate the parts to which they are applied.

Lubricated

LU'BRICATED, participle passive Made smooth and slippery.

Lubricating

LU'BRICATING, participle of the present tense Rendering smooth and slippery.

Lubricator

LU'BRICATOR, noun That which lubricates.

Lubricity

LUBRIC'ITY, noun [French lubricitÃƒ-©.] Smoothness of surface; slipperiness.

2. Smoothness; aptness to glide over any thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies in contact by diminishing friction.

Ray.

3. Slipperiness; instability; as the lubricity of fortune.

L'Estrange.

4. Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness; lewdness; lechery; incontinency.

Dryden.

Lubricous

LU'BRICOUS, adjective [Latin lubricus.] Smooth; slippery.

Woodward.

2. Wavering; unstable; as lubricous opinions.

Glanville.

Lubrifaction

LUBRIFAC'TION, noun [infra.] The act of lubricating or making smooth.

Bacon.

Lubrification

LUBRIFICA'TION, noun [Latin lubricus and facio, to make.]

The act or operation of making smooth and slippery.

Ray.

Luce

LUCE, noun A pike full grown.

Johnson. Shak.

Lucent

LU'CENT, adjective [Latin lucens, from luceo, to shine. See Light.]

Shining; bright; resplendent; as the sun's lucent orb.

Milton.

Lucern

LU'CERN, noun [Qu. Welsh llysau, plants; llysieuyn, a plant; Cornish lyzuan; or from Lucerne, in Switzerland.]

A plant of the genus Medicago, cultivated for fodder.

Lucid

LU'CID, adjective [Latin lucidus, from luceo, to shine. See Light.]

1. Shining; bright; resplendent; as the lucid orbs of heaven.

2. Clear; transparent; pellucid; as a lucid stream.

Milton.

3. Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened or confused by delirium or madness; marked by the regular operations of reason; as the lucid intervals of a deranged man.

4. Clear; distinct; presenting a clear view; easily understood; as a lucid order or arrangement.

Lucidity

LUCID'ITY, noun Brightness. [Not used.]

Lucidness

LU'CIDNESS, noun Brightness; clearness.

Lucifer

LU'CIFER, noun [Latin lux, lucis, light, and fero, to bring.]

1. The planet Venus, so called from its brightness.

2. Satan.

And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer,

Never to hope again.

Shak.

Luciferian

LUCIFE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Lucifer, or to the Luciferians.

Luciferians

LUCIFE'RIANS, noun A sect that followed Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, in the fourth century. They held to the carnal nature of the soul, and that there is no place for repentance for such as fall.

Luciferous

LUCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lucifer, supra.] Giving light; affording light or means of discovery.

Boyle.

Lucific

LUCIF'IC, adjective [Latin lux, light, and facio, to make.]

Producing light.

Grew.

Luciform

LU'CIFORM, adjective [Latin lux, light, and forma form.]

Having the form of light; resembling light.

The water prepares us, and purifies our luci-form spirit to receive the divinity.

Paus. Trans.

Luck

LUCK, noun [Dutch luk, geluk; German glÃƒ-¼ck; Swedish lycka; Danish lykke; Sanscrit lakki. The sense is that which comes, falls, happens. Welsh lluÃƒ-§, a dart or throw; lluÃƒ-§iaw, to throw. Qu. Greek; Arabic. Class Lg. No. 21.]

That which happens to a person; an event, good or ill, affecting a man's interest or happiness, and which is deemed casual; fortune. Luck respects persons and their proceedings. We never say, in a literal sense, that a plant has the luck to grow in a particular place; or a fossil has the luck to be of a particular form. We say, a person has the good luck to escape from danger; or the ill luck to be ensnared or to suffer loss. He has had good luck, or bad luck in gaming, fishing or hunting. Luck, or what we call chance, accident, fortune, is an event which takes place without being intended or foreseen, or from some cause not under human control; that which cannot be previously known or determined with certainty by human skill or power.

Consider the gift of luck as below the care of a wise man.

Rambler.

Luckily

LUCK'ILY, adverb [from lucky.] Fortunately; by good fortune; with a favorable issue; in a good sense. Luckily, we escaped injury.

Luckiness

LUCK'INESS, noun The state of being fortunate; as the luckiness of a man or of an event.

2. Good fortune; a favorable issue or event.

[In this sense, luck is generally used.]

Luckless

LUCK'LESS, adjective Unfortunate; meeting with ill success; as a luckless gamester; a luckless maid.

2. Unfortunate; producing ill or no good.

Prayers made and granted in a luckless hour.

Dryden.

Lucky

LUCK'Y, adjective Fortunate; meeting with good success; as a lucky adventurer.

2. Fortunate; producing good by chance; favorable; as a lucky adventure; a lucky time; a lucky cast.

Lucrative

LU'CRATIVE, adjective [French lucratif; Latin lucrativus, from lucror, to gain profit.]

Gainful; profitable; making increase of money or goods; as a lucrative trade; lucrative business or office.

Lucre

LU'CRE, n. lu'ker. [Latin lucrum; French lucre.]

Gain in money or goods; profit; usually in an ill sense, or with the sense of something base or unworthy.

The lust of lucre, and the dread of death.

Pope.

A bishop must be blamelessÃ‚--not given to filthy lucre. Titus ~~.

Lucriferous

LUCRIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lucrum, gain, and fero, to produce.] Gainful; profitable. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Lucrific

LUCRIF'IC, adjective [Latin lucrum, gain, and facio, to make.] Producing profit; gainful. [Not used.]

Luctation

LUCTA'TION, noun [Latin luctatio, from luctor, to wrestle or strive.]

Struggle; contest; effort to overcome in contest. [Little used.]

Luctual

LUC'TUAL, adjective [Latin luctus, grief.] Producing grief. [Not used.]

Buck.

Lucubrate

LU'CUBRATE, verb intransitive [Latin lucubro, to study by candle-light, from lucubrum, from lux, light.]

To study by candle-light or a lamp; to study by night.

Lucubration

LUCUBRA'TION, noun Study by a lamp or by candle-light; nocturnal study.

2. That which is composed by night; that which is produced by meditation in retirement.

Tatler.

Lucubratory

LU'CUBRATORY, adjective Composed by candle-light or by night.

Pope.

Luculent

LU'CULENT, adjective [Latin luculentus, from luceo, to shine.]

1. Lucid; clear; transparent; as luculent rivers.

Thomson.

2. Clear; evident; luminous.

The most luculent testimonies that the christian religion hath.

Hooker.

Lucullite

LU'CULLITE, noun A subspecies of carbonate of lime, of three kinds.

Ure. Jameson.

Ludibrious

LUDIB'RIOUS, adjective [Latin ludibriosus, from ludo, to sport.] Sportive; wanton.

J. Barlow.

Ludicrous

LU'DICROUS, adjective [Latin ludicer, from ludo, to sport.]

Sportive; burlesque; adapted to raise laughter, without scorn or contempt. Ludicrous differs from ridiculous; the latter implying contempt or derision.

Plutarch quotes this instance of Homer's judgment, in closing a ludicrous scene with decency and instruction.

Broome.

Ludicrously

LU'DICROUSLY, adverb Sportively; in burlesque; in a manner to raise laughter without contempt.

Ludicrousness

LU'DICROUSNESS, noun Sportiveness; the quality of exciting laughter without contempt; merry cast.

Ludification

LUDIFICA'TION, noun [Latin ludificor.] The act of deriding.

Ludificatory

LUDIF'ICATORY, adjective Making sport; tending to excite derision.

Barrow.

Luff

LUFF, noun [Gothic lofa; Scot. loof; Irish lav, lamh; Welsh law.] The palm of the hand.

Luff

LUFF, noun [French lof; German loof; Dutch loef; Armoric loff.]

Weather-gage, or part towards the wind; or the sailing of a ship close to the wind.

Luff

LUFF, verb intransitive [Dutch loeven; Armoric loffi.] To turn the head of a ship towards the wind; to sail nearer the wind. Hence, in the imperative, luff, is an order to put the tiller on the lee-side, in order to make the ship sail nearer the wind. Luff round, or luff a-lee, is the extreme of this movement, intended to throw the ship's head into the wind. A ship is said to spring her luff, when she yields to the helm by sailing nearer the wind.

Encyc.

Luff-Tackle

LUFF'-TACKLE, noun A large tackle not destined for any particular place in the ship, but movable at pleasure.

Mar. Dict.

Lug

LUG, verb transitive [Saxon lyccan, aluccan, geluggian, to pull, to pluck, Irish luighim. See Pluck.]

1. To haul; to drag; to pull with force, as something heavy and moved with difficulty.

Jowler lugs him still

Through hedges.

Dryden.

2. To carry or convey with labor.

They must divide the image among them, and so lug off every one his share.

Collier.

To lug out, to draw a sword, in burlesque.

Dryden.

Lug

LUG, verb intransitive To drag; to move heavily. [Qu.]

Dryden.

Lug

LUG, noun A small fish.

Carew.

2. In Scotland, an ear. Obs.

Johnson.

3. A pole or perch, a land-measure. Obs.

Spenser.

4. Something heavy to be drawn or carried. [Vulgar.]

Luggage

LUG'GAGE, noun [from lug.] Any thing cumbersome and heavy to be carried; traveling baggage.

I am gathering up my luggage and preparing for my journey.

Swift.

2. Something of more weight than value.

What do you mean

To dote on such luggage?

Shak.

Lugger

LUG'GER, noun [Dutch loger.] A vessel carrying three masts with a running bowsprit and lug-sails.

Mar. Dict.

Luggs

LUGGS, noun An insect like an earth-worm, but having legs.

Lug-Sail

LUG'-SAIL, noun A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast at one third of its length.

Mar. Dict.

Lugubrious

LUGU'BRIOUS, adjective [Latin lugubris, from lugeo, to weep.]

Mournful; indicating sorrow; as a lugubrious look.

Decay of Piety.

Lukewarm

LU'KEWARM, adjective [Saxon vlaco, tepid, moderately warm; vlacian, to warm; Dutch laauw, laauwen; German lau; Danish lunken, lukewarm; lunker, to make tepid; allied to flag, lag, or to lay, allay, or to slack.]

1. Moderately warm; tepid; as lukewarm water; lukewarm heat.

Wiseman. Newton.

2. Not ardent; not zealous; cool; indifferent; as lukewarm obedience; lukewarm patriots. Revelation 3.

Dryden. Addison.

Lukewarmly

LU'KEWARMLY, adverb With moderate warmth.

2. With indifference; coolly.

Lukewarmness

LU'KEWARMNESS, noun A mild or moderate heat.

2. Indifference; want of zeal or ardor; coldness.

The defect of zeal is lukewarmness, or coldness in religion.

Sprat.

Lull

LULL, verb transitive [Danish luller; German, Dutch lullen; Latin lallo. Qu. Russian leleyu, to dandle or fondle. The sense is to throw down, to still, to appease. Seamen say, the wind lulls, when it subsides.]

To quiet; to compose; to cause to rest.

The nation may be lulled into security.

Ã‚--To lull him soft asleep.

Spenser.

Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie,

To lull the daughters of necessity.

Milton.

Lull

LULL, verb intransitive To subside; to cease; to become calm; as, the wind lulls.

Lull

LULL, noun Power or quality of soothing.

Young.

Lullaby

LULL'ABY, noun [lull and by, Russian bayu. See By.]

A song to quiet babes; that which quiets.

Shak. Locke.

Lulled

LULL'ED, participle passive Quieted; appeased; composed to rest.

Luller

LULL'ER, noun One that lulls; one that fondles.

Lulling

LULL'ING, participle of the present tense Stilling; composing to rest.

Lum

LUM, noun [Qu. Saxon leoma.] The chimney of a cottage.

Todd.

Lumachel

LUM'ACHEL, or LUMACHEL'LA, noun A calcarious stone composed of shells and coral conglutinated, but so far retaining their organization as to exhibit different colors, and so hard as to admit of polish.

Nicholson. Fourcroy.

Lumbaginous

LUMBAG'INOUS, adjective Pertaining to lumbago.

Cheyne.

Lumbago

LUMBA'GO, noun [Latin lumbus, loins.] A pain in the loins and small of the back, such as precedes certain fevers.

Quincy.

A rheumatic affection of the muscles about the loins.

Hooper.

Lumbar

LUM'BAR, adjective [Latin lumbus, loins.] Pertaining to the loins. The lumbar region is the posterior portion of the body between the false ribs and the upper edge of the haunch bone.

Parr.

Lumber

LUM'BER, noun [allied to Saxon leoma, utensils, or to lump, clump, a mass, or Danish lumpe, a rag; lumperie, trifles; Swedish lumpor, rags, old cloths; Dutch lomp; German lumpen; French lambeau. In French, lambourde is a joist.]

1. Any thing useless and cumbersome, or things bulky and thrown aside as of no use.

The very bed was violatedÃ‚--

And thrown among the common lumber.

Otway.

2. In America, timber sawed or split for use; as beams, joists, boards, planks, staves, hoops and the like.

3. Harm; mischief. [Local.]

Pegge.

Lumber

LUM'BER, verb transitive To heap together in disorder.

Rymer.

2. To fill with lumber; as, to lumber a room.

Lumber-Room

LUM'BER-ROOM, noun A place for the reception of lumber or useless things.

Lumbric

LUM'BRIC, noun [Latin lumbricus, a worm.] A worm.

Med. Repos.

Lumbrical

LUM'BRICAL, adjective [Latin lumbricus, a worm.] Resembling a worm; as the lumbrical muscles.

Lumbrical

LUM'BRICAL, adjective Pertaining to the loins.

Lumbrical

LUM'BRICAL, noun A muscle of the fingers and toes, so named from its resembling a worm. Of these muscles, there are four of the fingers and as many of the toes.

Lumbriciform

LUMBRIC'IFORM, adjective [Latin lumbricus, a worm, and form.] Resembling a worm in shape.

Luminary

LU'MINARY, noun [Latin luminare, from lumen, light. Lumen is the Saxon leoma, a ray, or from luceo, by contraction, for lucmen, lugmen.]

1. Any body that gives light, but chiefly one of the celestial orbs. The sun is the principal luminary in our system. The stars are inferior luminaries.

2. One that illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind; as, Bacon and Newton were distinguished luminaries.

Lumination

LUMINATION. [See Illumination.]

Lumine

LU'MINE, verb transitive To enlighten. [Not used. See Illumine.]

Luminiferous

LUMINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin lumen, light, and fero, to produce.] Producing light.

Ure.

Luminous

LU'MINOUS, adjective [Latin luminosus; French lumineux.]

1. Shining; emitting light. The sun is a most luminous body.

2. Light; illuminated. The moon is rendered luminous by the rays of the sun.

3. Bright; shining; as a luminous color.

4. Clear; as a luminous essay or argument.

Luminously

LU'MINOUSLY, adverb With brightness or clearness.

Luminousness

LU'MINOUSNESS, noun The quality of being bright or shining; brightness; as the luminousness of the sea.

Encyc.

2. Clearness; perspicuity; as the luminousness of ideas, arguments or method.

Cheyne.

Lump

LUMP, noun [German Danish and Swedish klump; Dutch klomp; Welsh clamp and clap. If m is not radical, this belongs to Class Lb. Lump is clump, without the prefix.]

1. A small mass of matter of no definite shape; as a lump of earth; a lump of butter; a lump of sugar.

2. A mass of things blended or thrown together without order or distinction; as copper, iron, gold, silver, lead, tin, promiscuously in one lump.

3. A cluster; as a lump of figs. 2 Kings 20.

In the lump, the whole together; in gross.

They may buy my papers in the lump.

Addison.

Lump

LUMP, verb transitive To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without distinction of particulars.

The expenses ought to be lumped.

Ayliffe.

2. To take in the gross.

Lumpen

LUMP'EN, noun A long fish of a greenish color, and marked with lines.

Lumpfish

LUMP'FISH, noun A thick fish of the genus Cyclopterus. The back is sharp and elevated; the belly flat, and of a crimson color. Along the body run five rows of sharp bony tubercles. It swims edgewise; called also a sea-owl.

Encyc.

Lumping

LUMP'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing into a mass or sum.

2. adjective Bulky; heavy. [A low word.]

Arbuthnot.

Lumpish

LUMP'ISH, adjective Like a lump; heavy; gross; bulky.

Raleigh. Dryden.

2. Dull; inactive.

Shak.

Lumpishly

LUMP'ISHLY, adverb Heavily; with dullness or stupidity.

Lumpishness

LUMP'ISHNESS, noun Heaviness; dullness; stupidity.

Lumpy

LUMP'Y, adjective Full of lumps or small compact masses.

Mortimer.

Luna cornea, muriate of silver.

Ure.

Lunacy

LU'NACY, noun [from Latin luna, the moon; Welsh llun, form, figure, image, the moon.]

1. A species of insanity or madness, supposed to be influenced by the moon, or periodical in the month.

2. Madness in general.

Lunar

LU'NAR, or LU'NARY, adjective [Latin lunaris.] Pertaining to the moon; as lunar observations.

2. Measured by the revolutions of the moon; as lunar days or years.

3. Resembling the moon; orbed.

Dryden.

4. Under the influence of the moon. Obs.

Bacon.

Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver, fused in a low heat.

Nicholson.

Lunarian

LUNA'RIAN, noun An inhabitant of the moon.

Lunary

LU'NARY, noun Moonwort, a plant of the genus Lunaria.

Lunated

LU'NATED, adjective Formed like a half-moon.

Lunatic

LU'NATIC, adjective Affected by a species of madness, supposed to be influenced by the moon.

Lunatic

LU'NATIC, noun A person affected by insanity, supposed to be influenced or produced by the moon, or by its position in its orbit; a madman.

Swift.

Lunation

LUNA'TION, noun [Latin lunatio.] A revolution of the moon.

Lunch

LUNCH, or LUNCH'EON, noun [Welsh llwne, a gulp, a swallow, the gullet; Armoric louncqa, longein, to swallow greedily.]

Literally, a swallow; but in usage, a portion of food taken at any time, except at a regular meal. It is not unusual to take a luncheon before dinner. The passengers in the line-ships regularly have their lunch.

I sliced the luncheon from the barley loaf.

Gay.

Lune

LUNE, noun [Latin luna, the moon.] Any thing in the shape of a half-moon. [Little used.]

Watts.

2. A fit of lunacy or madness, or a freak. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. A leash; as the lune of a hawk.

Lunet

LU'NET, or LUNETTE, noun [French lunette, from lune, the moon.]

1. In fortification, an enveloped counterguard, or elevation of earth made beyond the second ditch, opposite to the places of arms; or a covered place before the courtine, consisting of two faces that form an angle inward. It is commonly raised in ditches full of water, to serve instead of fausse brays, to dispute the enemy's passage of the ditch.

Encyc. Trevoux.

2. In the manege, a half horse-shoe, which wants the spunge, or that part of the branch which runs towards the quarters of the foot.

Encyc.

3. A piece of felt to cover the eye of a vicious horse.

Encyc.

Lunet

LU'NET, noun A little moon.

Bp. Hall.

Lung

LUNG, noun [Saxon lungen; Dutch long; German Danish lunge; Swedish lunga.]

1. The lungs are the organs of respiration in man and many other animals. There are two of these organs, each of which occupies its cavity in the thorax. They alternately inhale and expel the air, by means of which the necessary function of respiration is carried on.

Each lung fills completely the cavity in which it is placed.

Wistar.

2. Formerly, a person having a strong voice, and a sort of servant.

B. Jonson.

Lunge

LUNGE, noun [See Allonge.] A sudden push or thrust.

Lunged

LUNG'ED, adjective Having lungs, or the nature or resemblance of lungs; drawing in and expelling air.

Dryden.

Lung-Grown

LUNG'-GROWN, adjective Having lungs that adhere to the pleura.

Harvey.

Lungis

LUN'GIS, noun [French longis, from long.] A lingerer; a dull, drowsy fellow.

Lungwort

LUNG'WORT, noun A plant of the genus Pulmonaria.

Luniform

LU'NIFORM, adjective [Latin luna, the moon, and form.] Resembling the moon.

Lunisolar

LUNISO'LAR, adjective [Latin luna, moon, and solaris, sol, sun.]

Compounded of the revolutions of the sun and moon.

Johnson.

The lunisolar year consists of 532 common years; found by multiplying the cycle of the sun by that of the moon.

Encyc.

Lunistice

LU'NISTICE, noun [Latin luna, the moon, and sto, steti, or sisto, to stand.]

The farthest point of the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolution.

Encyc.

Lunt

LUNT, noun [Dutch lont, Danish lunte, a match.] The match-cord used for firing cannon.

Johnson.

Lunular

LU'NULAR, adjective [from Latin luna, the moon.] In botany, like the new moon; shaped like a small crescent.

Lunulate

LU'NULATE, adjective [from Latin luna, the moon.] In botany, resembling a small crescent.

Lupercal

LU'PERCAL, adjective Pertaining to the Lupercalia, or feasts of the Romans in honor of Pan; as a noun, the feast itself.

Lupine

LU'PINE, noun [French lupin; Latin lupinus.] A kind of pulse. The genus Lupinus contains several species, mostly annual plants, bearing digitate leaves, and papilionaceous flowers. The seeds of the white lupine have a leguminous taste, accompanied with a disagreeable bitterness, and are said to be anthelmintic.

Encyc.

Lupulin

LU'PULIN, noun [Latin lupulus, hops.] The fine yellow powder of hops.

A. Welsh Ives.

Lurch

LURCH, noun [Welsh llerc, a frisk, or frisking about, a loitering or lurking; llercian, to loiter about, to lurk. This is the same word radically as lurk. The primary sense is to run, start, leap or frisk about, as a man or beast that flies from one tree or other object to another to conceal himself. Hence we see the peculiar applicability of this word in seamen's language.]

In seamen's language, a sudden roll of a ship. A lee-lurch is a sudden roll to the leeward, as when a heavy sea strikes the ship on the weather side.

Cyc.

To leave in the lurch, to leave in a difficult situation, or in embarrassment; to leave in a forlorn state or without help.

Denham.

Lurch

LURCH, verb intransitive To roll or pass suddenly to one side, as a ship in a heavy sea.

2. To withdraw to one side, or to a private place; to lie in ambush or in secret; to lie close. [For this, lurk is now used.]

L'Estrange.

3. To shift; to play tricks.

I am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch.

Shak.

Lurch

LURCH, verb transitive To defeat; to disappoint, that is, to evade; as, to lurch the expectation. [Little used.]

South.

2. To steal; to filch; to pilfer. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Lurch

LURCH, verb transitive [Latin lurco, a glutton.] To swallow or eat greedily; to devour. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Lurcher

LURCH'ER, noun One that lies in wait or lurks; one that watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap; a poacher.

Swift from the play the scudding lurcher flies.

Gay.

2. A dog that watches for his game.

Tatler.

3. [Latin lurco, a glutton.] A glutton; a gormandizer.

Lurdan

LUR'DAN, adjective Blockish. [Not used.]

Johnson.

Lurdan

LUR'DAN, noun A clown; a blockhead. [Not used.]

Lure

LURE, noun [French leurre.] Something held out to call a hawk; hence,

2. Any enticement; that which invites by the prospect of advantage or pleasure; as the lures of beauty or of gain.

Lure

LURE, verb intransitive To call hawks.

Standing by one that lured loud and shrill.

Bacon.

Lure

LURE, verb transitive To entice; to attract; to invite by any thing that promises pleasure or advantage.

Lured on by the pleasure of the bait.

Temple.

And various science lures the learned eye.

Gay.

Lured

LU'RED, participle passive Enticed; attracted; invited by the hope of pleasure or advantage.

Lurid

LU'RID, adjective [Latin luridus; Welsh llur, livid, a gloom. Qu. the root of lower.] Gloomy; dismal.

Thomson.

Luring

LU'RING, participle of the present tense Enticing; calling.

Lurk

LURK, verb intransitive [Welsh llercian, to frisk or loiter about, to lurk; German lauern; Dutch loeren; Swedish lura; Danish lurer. See Lurch.]

1. To lie hid; to lie in wait.

Let us lay wait for blood; let us lurk privily for the innocent. Proverbs 1.

2. To lie concealed or unperceived. See that no selfish motive lurks in the heart.

See

The lurking gold upon the fatal tree.

Dryden.

3. To retire from public observation; to keep out of sight.

The defendant lurks and wanders about in Berks.

Blackstone.

Lurker

LURK'ER, noun One that lurks or keeps out of sight.

Lurking

LURK'ING, participle of the present tense Lying concealed; keeping out of sight.

Lurking-Place

LURK'ING-PLACE, noun A place in which one lies concealed; a secret place; a hiding place; a den. 1 Samuel 23.

Luscious

LUS'CIOUS, adjective [I know not the origin and affinities of this word. The Dutch express it by zoetlustig, sweet-lusty. Qu. the root of luxury.]

1. Sweet or rich so as to cloy or nauseate; sweet to excess; as luscious food.

2. Very sweet; delicious; grateful to the taste.

And raisins keep their luscious native taste.

Dryden.

3. Pleasing; delightful.

He will bait him in with the luscious proposal of some gainful purchase.

South.

4. Fullsome; as luscious flattery.

5. Smutty; obscene. [Unusual.]

Steele.

Lusciously

LUS'CIOUSLY, adverb With sweetness or richness that cloys or nauseates.

2. Obscenely.

Steele.

Lusciousness

LUS'CIOUSNESS, noun Immoderate richness or sweetness that cloys or offends.

Mortimer.

Lusern

LU'SERN, noun A lynx.

Johnson.

Lush

LUSH, adjective Of a dark, deep, full color.

How lush and lusty the grass looks; how green! Obs.

Shak.

Lusk

LUSK, adjective [French lasche.] Lazy; slothful. [Not in use.]

Lusk

LUSK, noun A lazy fellow; a lubber. [Not in use.]

Luskish

LUSK'ISH, adjective Inclined to be lazy.

Marston.

Luskishly

LUSK'ISHLY, adverb Lazily.

Luskishness

LUSK'ISHNESS, noun Disposition to indolence; laziness. Obs.

Spenser.

Lusorious

LUSO'RIOUS, adjective [Latin lusorius, from ludo, lusi, to sport.]

Used in play; sportive. [Little used.]

Sanderson.

Lusory

LU'SORY, adjective [Latin lusorius, as above.] Used in play; playful; as lusory methods of instructing children.

Watts.

Lust

LUST, noun [Saxon German, Dutch Swedish lust; Danish lyst; Irish lasadh, lust, and a burning. The primary sense is to extend, reach, expand, to stretch forward. It is the same as list.]

1. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy; as the lust of gain.

My lust shall be satisfied upon them. Exodus 15.

2. Concupiscence; carnal appetite; unlawful desire of carnal pleasure. Romans 1:2 Peter 2.

3. Evil propensity; depraved affections and desires. James 1. Psalm 81.

4. Vigor; active power. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Lust

LUST, verb intransitive [Saxon lustan; German lÃƒ-¼sten; Dutch lusten; Swedish lysta; Danish lyster.]

1. To desire eagerly; to long; with after.

Thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates, whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deuteronomy 12.

2. To have carnal desire; to desire eagerly the gratification of carnal appetite.

Lust not after her beauty in thy heart. Proverbs 6.

Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. Matthew 5.

3. To have irregular or inordinate desires.

The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy. James 4.

Lust not after evil things as they also lusted. 1 Corinthians 10.

4. To list; to like.

Lustful

LUST'FUL, adjective Having lust, or eager desire of carnal gratification; libidinous; as an intemperate and lustful man.

2. Provoking to sensuality; inciting to lust or exciting carnal desire.

Tillotson.

Thence his lustful orgies he enlarged.

Milton.

3. Vigorous; robust; stout.

Sackville.

Lustfully

LUST'FULLY, adverb With concupiscence or carnal desire.

Lustfulness

LUST'FULNESS, noun The state of having carnal desires; libidinousness.

Lustihood

LUST'IHOOD, noun [lusty and hood.] Vigor of body. Obs.

Spenser.

Lustily

LUST'ILY, adverb With vigor of body; stoutly; with vigorous exertion.

I determine to fight lustily for him.

Shak.

Lustiness

LUST'INESS, noun Vigor of body; stoutness; strength; robustness; sturdiness.

Cappadocian slaves were famous for their lustiness.

Dryden.

Lusting

LUST'ING, participle of the present tense Having eager desire; having carnal appetite.

Lusting

LUST'ING, noun Eager desire; inordinate desire; desire of carnal gratification.

Lustless

LUST'LESS, adjective Listless; not willing. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Not vigorous.

Gower.

Lustral

LUS'TRAL, adjective [Latin lustralis, from lustro, to purify.]

1. Used in purification; as lustral water; lustral waves.

2. Pertaining to purification; as lustral days.

Lustrate

LUS'TRATE, verb transitive [Latin lustro, to cleanse. See Luster.]

1. To make clear or pure; to purify. [See Illustrate.]

2. To view; to survey.

Lustration

LUSTRA'TION, noun The act or operation of making clear or pure; a cleansing or purifying by water.

And holy water for lustration bring.

Dryden.

2. In antiquity, the sacrifices or ceremonies by which cities, fields, armies or people defiled by crimes, were purified.

Encyc.

Luster

LUS'TER, noun [French lustre; Latin lustrum; Italian lustro; from Latin lustro, to purify; Danish lys, light; lyser, to shine; Swedish lysa; Dutch luister, splendor; Irish lasadh, lasaim, leosam, to give light, to burn; leos, light.]

1. Brightness; splendor; gloss; as the luster of the sun or stars; the luster of silk.

The sun's mild luster warms the vital air.

Pope.

2. The splendor of birth, of deeds or of fame; renown; distinction.

His ancestors continued about four hundred years, rather without obscurity than with any great share of luster.

Wotton.

3. A sconce with lights; a branched candlestick of glass.

Pope. Encyc.

4. The space of five years. [Latin lustrum.]

Bolingbroke.

Lustrical

LUS'TRICAL, adjective Pertaining to purification.

Middleton.

Lustring

LUS'TRING, noun A species of glossy silk cloth. [Corruptly written and pronounced lutestring.]

Lustrous

LUS'TROUS, adjective Bright; shining; luminous.

Good sparks and lustrous.

Shak.

Lustrum

LUS'TRUM, noun In ancient Rome, the space of five years.

Lust-Stained

LUST'-STAINED, adjective Defiled by lust.

Shak.

Lustwort

LUST'WORT, noun [lust and wort.] A plant of the genus Drosera.

Lusty

LUST'Y, adjective [from lust; Dutch lustig.] Stout; vigorous; robust; healthful; able of body. This is the correct sense of the word, comprehending full health and strength; as a lusty youth. But it is now used in the sense of,

2. Bulky; large; of great size. This sense does not always include that of vigor.

3. Handsome; pleasant; saucy. Obs.

Gower. Spenser. Shak.

4. Copious; plentiful; as a lusty draught.

Tatler.

5. Pregnant; a colloquial use.

Lutanist

LU'TANIST, noun [from lute.] A person that plays on the lute.

A celebrated lutanist was playing to a large company.

Asiat. Res.

Lutarious

LUTA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin lutarius, from lutum, mud.]

1. Pertaining to mud; living in mud.

2. Of the color of mud.

Grew.

Lutation

LUTA'TION, noun [See Lute.] The act or method of luting vessels.

Lute

LUTE, noun [French luth; Italian liuto; Spanish laud; Dutch luit; German laute; Swedish luta; Danish lut; Russian liotnia. Qu. loud, Latin laudo.]

An instrument of music with strings. It consists of four parts, viz; the table, the body or belly which has nine or ten sides, the neck, which has nine or ten stops or divisions marked with strings, and the head or cross. In the middle of the table there is a passage for the sound. There is also a bridge to which the strings are fastened. The strings are struck with the right hand, and with the left the stops are pressed.

Encyc.

Lute

LUTE, or LU'TING, noun [Latin lutum, mud, clay.] Among chimists, a composition of clay or other tenacious substance used for stopping the juncture of vessels so closely as to prevent the escape or entrance of air.

Lute

LUTE, verb transitive To close or coat with lute.

Bacon.

Lute-Case

LU'TE-CASE, noun A case for a lute.

Shak.

Luted

LU'TED, participle passive Closed with lute.

Lutenist

LU'TENIST, noun A performer on the lute.

Busby.

Luter

LU'TER, or LU'TIST, noun One who plays on a lute.

Lute-String

LU'TE-STRING, noun The string of a lute.

Shak.

Lutheran

LU'THERAN, adjective Pertaining to Luther, the reformer; as the Lutheran church.

Lutheran

LU'THERAN, noun A disciple or follower of Luther; one who adheres to the doctrines of Luther.

Lutheranism

LU'THERANISM, noun The doctrines of religion as taught by Luther.

Luthern

LU'THERN, noun In architecture, a kind of window over the cornice, in the roof of a building, to admit light into the upper story.

Encyc.

Luting

LU'TING, participle of the present tense Closing with lute.

Lutulent

LU'TULENT, adjective [Latin lutulentus, from lutum, mud.] Muddy; turbid; thick.

Luxate

LUX'ATE, verb transitive [Latin luxo, French luxer, to loosen; probably from the same root as lax, Latin laxo, laxus.]

To displace, or remove from its proper place, as a joint; to put out of joint; to dislocate. Lux, in a like sense, is, I believe, not now used.

Encyc.

Luxated

LUX'ATED, participle passive Put out of joint; dislocated.

Luxating

LUX'ATING, participle of the present tense Removing or forcing out of its place, as a joint; dislocating.

Luxation

LUXA'TION, noun The act of moving or forcing a joint from its proper place or articulation; or the state of being thus put out of joint.

2. A dislocation; that which is dislocated.

Luxe

LUXE, noun Luxury. [Not used.]

Luxuriance

LUXU'RIANCE, or LUXU'RIANCY, noun [Latin luxurians, luxurio, to grow rank, or to wanton.]

1. Rank growth; strong, vigorous growth; exuberance.

Flowers grow up in the garden with the greatest luxuriancy and profusion.

Spectator.

2. Excessive or superfluous growth.

A fungus prevents healing only by its luxuriancy.

Wiseman.

Luxuriant

LUXU'RIANT, adjective Exuberant in growth; abundant; as a luxuriant growth of grass.

2. Exuberant in plenty; superfluous in abundance.

Prune the luxuriant, the uncouth refine.

Pope.

3. A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructification so as to destroy the essential parts.

Martyn.

Luxuriantly

LUXU'RIANTLY, adverb With exuberant growth.

Luxuriate

LUXU'RIATE, verb intransitive To grow exuberantly, or to grow to superfluous abundance.

Luxuriation

LUXURIA'TION, noun The process of growing exuberantly, or beyond the natural growth.

Lee.

Luxurious

LUXU'RIOUS, adjective [French luxurieux; Latin luxuriosus, from luxo, to loosen; luxor, to riot.]

1. Voluptuous; indulging freely or excessively in the pleasures of the table, the gratification of appetite, or in rich and expensive dress and equipage; as a luxurious life; luxurious cities.

2. Administering to luxury; contributing to free or extravagant indulgence in diet, dress and equipage; as luxurious wealth.

Milton.

3. Furnished with luxuries; as a luxurious table.

4. Softening by pleasure, or free indulgence in luxury; as luxurious ease.

5. Lustful; libidinous; given to the gratification of lust; as a luxurious bed.

Shak.

6. Luxuriant; exuberant.

The work under our labor grows Luxurious by restraint. [Not used.]

Milton.

Luxuriously

LUXU'RIOUSLY, adverb In abundance of rich diet, dress or equipage; deliciously; voluptuously.

Dryden.

Luxurist

LUX'URIST, noun One given to luxury.

Temple.

Luxury

LUX'URY, noun [Latin luxuria, from luxo, to loosen.]

1. A free or extravagant indulgence in the pleasures of the table, as in rich and expensive diet, or delicious food and liquors; voluptuousness in the gratification of appetite; or the free indulgence in costly dress and equipage.

Riches expose a man to pride and luxury.

Spectator.

2. That which gratifies a nice and fastidious appetite; a dainty; any delicious food or drink. The canvas-back duck is a luxury for an epicure.

3. Any thing delightful to the senses.

He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and by laying on it earth, furnished a kind of luxury for a hermit.

Addison.

4. Lust; lewd desire. [Not now used.]

Shak.

5. Luxuriance; exuberance of growth. [Not now used.]

Bacon.

Ly

LY, a termination of adjectives, is a contraction of Saxon lic, German lich, Dutch lyk, Danish lige, Swedish lik, like; as in lovely, manly, that is, love-like, man-like. As the termination of names, ly signifies field or plain, Saxon leag, lay, lea or ley, Latin locus.

Lyam

LY'AM, noun A leash for holding a hound.

Drayton.

Lycanthropy

LYCAN'THROPY, noun [Greek; a wolf, and, man.] A kind of erratic melancholy.

Coxe.

Lycostom

LYCOS'TOM, noun A Baltic fish resembling a herring.

Lydian

LYD'IAN, adjective [from Lydia.] Noting a kind of soft slow music anciently in vogue.

Milton.

Lydian stone, flinty slate.

Ure.

Lye

LYE, noun [Saxon leah; German lauge; Dutch loog; Armoric ligeou or lichou; Spanish lexia; French lessive; Latin lix, whence lixivium. It coincides with Saxon loge, water; Ant. Latin lixa, whence Lugdunum, Leyden, Lyons, that is, Water-town.]

Water impregnated with alkaline salt imbibed from the ashes of wood.

Lye

LYE, noun A falsehood. [See Lie.]

Lying

LY'ING, participle of the present tense of lie. Being prostrate. [See Lie.]

Lying

LY'ING, participle of the present tense of lie. Telling falsehood.

Lying in, being in childbirth.

2. noun The act of bearing a child.

Lymnite

LYM'NITE, noun A kind of freshwater snail, found fossil.

Lymph

LYMPH, noun [Latin lympha.] Water, or a colorless fluid in animal bodies, separated from the blood and contained in certain vessels called lymphatics.

Encyc.

Lymphate

LYMPH'ATE, or LYMPH'ATED, adjective Frightened into madness; raving.

Lymphatic

LYMPHAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to lymph.

2. Enthusiastic. [Not used.]

Shaftsbury.

Lymphatic

LYMPHAT'IC, noun A vessel of animal bodies which contains or conveys lymph.

The lymphatics seem to perform the whole business of absorption.

Encyc.

2. A mad enthusiast; a lunatic. [Not used.]

Shaftsbury.

Lympheduct

LYMPH'EDUCT, noun [Latin lympha, lymph, and ductus, a duct.]

A vessel of animal bodies which conveys the lymph.

Lymphography

LYMPHOG'RAPHY, noun [Latin lympha, lymph, and Greek, to describe.]

A description of the lymphatic vessels, their origin and uses.

Encyc.

Lynx

LYNX, noun [Latin lynx; Greek; Dutch lochs; German luchs; Italian lince.]

A quadruped of the genus Felis, resembling the common cat, but his ears are longer and his tail shorter. His hair is streaked with yellow, white and black colors. His air is sprightly; he howls like the wolf, and walks and leaps like a cat. This animal is celebrated for the sharpness of his sight.

Encyc.

Lyrate

LY'RATE, or LY'RATED, adjective [from lyre.] In botany, divided transversely into several jags, the lower ones smaller and more remote from each other than the upper ones; as a lyrate leaf.

Martyn.

Lyre

LYRE, noun [French lyre; Latin lyra; Greek; Italian and Spanish lira; Dutch lier; German leier.]

A stringed instrument of music, a kind of harp much used by the ancients.

Lyric

LYR'IC, or LYR'ICAL, adjective [Latin lyricus; French lyrique.] Pertaining to a lyre or harp. Lyric poetry is such as is sung to the harp or lyre. This was much cultivated by the ancients, among whom Anacreon, Alcaeus, Stesichorus, Sappho and Horace are distinguished as lyric poets.

Lyric

LYR'IC, noun A composer of lyric poems.

Addison.

Lyricism

LYR'ICISM, noun A lyric composition.

Gray.

Lyrist

LY'RIST, noun A musician who plays on the harp or lyre.

Pope.

Lys

LYS, noun A Chinese measure of length, equal to 533 yards.

Grosier.

Lyterian

LYTE'RIAN, adjective [Greek, from, to loosen.]

In medical science, terminating a disease; indicating the solution of a disease.

Jones.

Lythrode

LYTH'RODE, noun A mineral found in Norway; its color, an aurora-red, passing into brownish red or brown. It appears to be allied to elaolite, or fettstein.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Lythrode is probably a variety of fettstein.

Cleaveland.

M

M

M is the thirteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a labial articulation, formed by a compression of the lips. It is called a semi-vowel, as the articulation or compression of the lips is accompanied with a humming sound through the nose, which constitutes a difference between this letter and b. Its sound is uniform; as in man, time, rim.

M is a numeral letter, and among the ancients stood for a thousand; a use which is retained by the moderns. With a dash or stroke over it, M, it stands for a thousand times a thousand, or a million.

As an abbreviation, M stands for Marcus, Martius, Manlius or Mutius.

A. M. or M. A. stands for artium magister, master of arts; M. Dutch for medicinoe doctor, doctor of medicine; A. M. for anno mundi, the year of the world; MS. for manuscript; MSS. for manuscripts.

In astronomical tables, M stands for meridian, meridional, or mid-day.

In medical prescriptions, M stands for maniple, or handful, or misce, mix, or mixtura, a mixture.

Encyc.

In the late British Pharmacopaeias it signifies mensurÃƒ-¢, by measure.

Parr.

In law, M is a brand or stigma impressed on one convicted of manslaughter, and admitted to the benefit of clergy.

Mab

MAB, noun [Welsh mab, a child.] In northern mythology, the queen of the imaginary beings called fairies.

2. A slattern.

Ray.

Mab

MAB, verb intransitive To dress negligently.

Ray.

Mac

MAC, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, signifies son. [See Maid.]

Macaroni

MACARO'NI, noun [Italian maccheroni, a sort of paste; French macaroni; Greek, happy.]

1. A kind of biscuit made of flour, eggs, sugar and almonds, and dressed with butter and spices.

B. Jonson.

2. A sort of droll or fool, and hence, a fop; a fribble; a finical fellow.

Macaronic

MACARON'IC, adjective Pertaining to or like a macaroni; empty; trifling; vain; affected.

2. Consisting of a mixture or jumble of ill formed or ill connected words.

Macaronic

MACARON'IC, noun A kind of burlesque poetry, in which native words are made to end in Latin terminations, or Latin words are modernized.

Jones. Encyc.

Macaroon

MACAROON, the same as macaroni.

Macauco

MACAU'CO, noun A name of several species of quadrupeds of the genus Lemur.

Encyc.

Macaw

MACAW', or MACA'O, noun The name of a race of beautiful fowls of the parrot kind, under the genus Psittacus.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Macaw-Tree

MACAW'-TREE, noun A species of palm tree.

Miller.

Maccabees

MAC'CABEES, noun The name of two apocryphal books in the Bible.

Maccoboy

MAC'COBOY, noun A kind of snuff.

Mace

MACE, noun [Italian mazza, Spanish maza, Portugese maÃƒ-§a, French masse, a club.]

An ensign of authority borne before magistrates. Originally, the mace was a club or instrument of war, made of iron and much used by cavalry. It was in the shape of a coffee mill. Being no longer a weapon of war, its form is changed; it is made of silver or copper gilt, and ornamented with a crown, globe and cross.

Encyc.

A leaden mace.

Shak.

A heavy iron mace.

Knolles.

Mace

MACE, noun [Latin macis.] A spice; the second coat which covers the nutmeg, a thin and membranaceous substance of an oleaginous nature and yellowish color, being in flakes divided into many ramifications; it is extremely fragrant and aromatic.

Encyc.

Mace-Ale

MA'CE-ALE, noun Ale spiced with mace.

Wiseman.

Mace-Bearer

MA'CE-BEARER, noun A person who carries a mace before men in authority.

Spectator.

Macerate

MAC'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin macero, from macer, thin, lean; maceo, to be thin or lean; French maigre; meager; Italian macro; Spanish magro; probably allied to meek, Chaldee mak. Class Mg. No. 2. and 9.]

1. To make lean; to wear away.

Harvey.

2. To mortify; to harass with corporeal hardships; to cause to pine or waste away.

Out of excessive zeal they macerate their bodies and impair their health.

Fiddes.

3. To steep almost to solution; to soften and separate the parts of a substance by steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive process. So we say, food is macerated in the stomach.

Macerated

MAC'ERATED, participle passive Made thin or lean; steeped almost to solution.

Macerating

MAC'ERATING, participle of the present tense Making lean; steeping almost to solution; softening.

Maceration

MACERA'TION, noun The act or the process of making thin or lean by wearing away, or by mortification.

2. The act, process or operation of softening and almost dissolving by steeping in a fluid.

The saliva serves for the maceration and dissolution of the meat into chyle.

Ray.

Mace-Reed

MACE-REED, or REED-MACE, noun A plant of the genus Typha.

Machiavelian

MACHIAVE'LIAN, adjective [from Machiavel, an Italian writer, secretary and historiographer to the republic of Florence.]

Pertaining to Machiavel, or denoting his principles; politically cunning; crafty; cunning in political management.

Machiavelian

MACHIAVE'LIAN, noun One who adopts the principles of Machiavel.

Machiavelism

MACH'IAVELISM, noun The principles of Machiavel, or practice in conformity to them; political cunning and artifice, intended to favor arbitrary power.

Cyc.

Machicolation

MACHICOLA'TION, noun [French meche, a match, and couler, to flow.]

In old castles, the pouring of hot substances through apertures in the upper part of the gate upon assailants; or the apertures themselves.

Cyc.

Machinal

MACH'INAL, adjective [See Machine.] Pertaining to machines.

Dict.

Machinate

MACH'INATE, verb transitive [Latin machinor, from Greek or.] To plan; to contrive; to form a scheme.

Sandys.

Machinated

MACH'INATED, participle passive Planned; contrived.

Machinating

MACH'INATING, participle of the present tense Contriving; scheming.

Machination

MACHINA'TION, noun [French See Machine.] The act of planning or contriving a scheme for executing some purpose, particularly an evil purpose; an artful design formed with deliberation.

Shak.

Machinator

MACH'INATOR, noun One that forms a scheme, or who plots with evil designs.

Glanville.

Machine

MACHINE, noun [French from Latin machina.] An artificial work, simple or complicated, that serves to apply or regulate moving power, or to produce motion, so as to save time or force. The simple machines are the six mechanical powers, viz.; the lever, the pulley, the axis and wheel, the wedge, the screw, and the inclined plane. Complicated machines are such as combine two or more of these powers for the production of motion or force.

Encyc.

2. An engine; an instrument of force.

With inward arms the dire machine they load.

Dryden.

3. Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced into a poem to perform some exploit.

Pope.

Machinery

MACHINERY, noun A complicated work, or combination of mechanical powers in a work, designed to increase, regulate or apply motion and force; as the machinery of a watch or other chronomoter.

2. Machines in general. The machinery of a cotton-mill is often moved by a single wheel.

3. In epic and dramatic poetry, superhuman beings introduced by the poet to solve difficulty, or perform some exploit which exceeds human power; or the word may signify the agency of such beings, as supposed deities, angels, demons and the like.

Nec Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Incidit.

Horace.

A deity is not to be introduced, unless a difficulty occurs that requires the intervention of a god.

The machinery of Milton's Paradise Lost, consists of numerous superhuman personages. Pope's Rape of the Lock is rendered very interesting by the machinery of sylphs.

Machining

MACHINING, adjective Denoting the machinery of a poem. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Machinist

MACH'INIST, noun [French machaniste.] A constructor of machines and engines, or one well versed in the principles of machines.

Macigno

MACIG'NO, noun [Italian] A species of stone of two varieties, one of a grayish yellow color, the other of a bluish gray color.

Cyc.

Macilency

MAC'ILENCY, noun [See Macilent.] Leanness.

Macilent

MAC'ILENT, adjective [Latin macilentus, from macer, lean, thin. See Macerate.] Lean; thin; having little flesh.

Mackerel

MACK'EREL, noun [Dutch mackreel; German mackrele; French maquereau; Irish mackreil; Welsh macrell; from the root of Latin macula, a spot; the spotted fish. So in British, it is called brithilh, Armoric bresell, for the like reason.]

A species of fish of the genus Scomber, an excellent table fish.

Mackerel

MACK'EREL, noun [Old French maquerel.] A pander or pimp.

Mackerel-gale, in Dryden, may mean a a gate that ripples the surface of the sea, or one which is suitable for catching mackerel, as this fish is caught with the bait in motion.

Mackerel-Sky

MACK'EREL-SKY, noun A sky streaked or marked like a mackerel.

Hooke.

Macle

MAC'LE, noun A name given to chiastolite or hollow spar.

Cyc.

Maclurite

MACLU'RITE, noun A mineral of a brilliant pale green color, so called in honor of Maclure, the mineralogist.

Nuttall.

Macrocosm

MAC'ROCOSM, noun [Greek, great, and, world.]

The great world; the universe, or the visible system of worlds; opposed to microcosm, or the world of man.

Encyc.

Macrology

MACROL'OGY, noun [Greek, great, and, discourse.]

Long and tedious talk; prolonged discourse without matter; superfluity of words.

Bullokar.

Mactation

MACTA'TION, noun [Latin macto, to kill.] The act of killing a victim for sacrifice.

Encyc.

Macula

MAC'ULA, noun [Latin] A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or other luminous orb.

Maculate

MAC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin maculo.] To spot; to stain.

Elyot.

Maculate

MAC'ULATE, or MAC'ULATED, adjective Spotted.

Maculation

MACULA'TION, noun The act of spotting; a spot; a stain.

Shak.

Macule

MAC'ULE, noun A spot. [supra.] [Little used.]

Mad

MAD, adjective [Saxon gemaad; Irish amad; Italian matto, mad, foolish; mattone, a brick, and an arrant fool; matteria and mattezza, foolishness; ammattire, to become distracted.]

1. Disordered in intellect; distracted; furious.

We must bind our passions in chains, lest like mad folks, they break their locks and bolts.

Taylor.

2. Proceeding from disordered intellect or expressing it; as a mad demeanor.

Milton.

3. Enraged; furious; as a mad bull.

And being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them, even to strange cities. Acts 26.

4. Inflamed to excess with desire; excited with violent and unreasonable passion or appetite; infatuated; followed properly by after.

The world is running mad after farce, the extremity of bad poetry.

Dryden.

"Mad upon their idols," would be better rendered, "Mad after their idols." Jer. 1.

5. Distracted with anxiety or trouble; extremely perplexed.

Thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyesÃ‚--Deuteronomy 28.

6. Infatuated with folly.

The spiritual man is mad. Hosea 9.

7. Inflamed with anger; very angry. [This is a common and perhaps the most general sense of the word in America. It is thus used by Arbuthnot, and is perfectly proper.]

8. Proceeding from folly or infatuation.

Mad wars destroy in one year the works of many years of peace.

Franklin.

Mad

MAD, verb transitive To make mad, furious or angry.

Sidney.

Mad

MAD, verb intransitive To be mad, furious or wild.

Wickliffe. Spenser.

Mad

MAD, or MADE, noun [Saxon Gothic matha.] An earthworm. [But this is the moth.]

Ray.

Madam

MAD'AM, noun [French ma, my, and dame.] An appellation or complimentary title given to married and elderly ladies, or chiefly to them.

Madapple

MAD'APPLE, noun A plant of the genus Solanum.

Madbrain

MAD'BRAIN, or MAD'BRAINED, adjective Disordered in mind; hot-headed; rash.

Shak.

Madcap

MAD'CAP, adjective [mad-caput or cap.] A violent, rash, hot-headed person; a madman.

Madden

MAD'DEN, v. t. mad'n. To make mad.

Thomson.

Madden

MAD'DEN, verb intransitive To become mad; to act as if mad.

They rave, recite and madden round the land.

Pope.

Maddened

MAD'DENED, participle passive Rendered mad.

Maddening

MAD'DENING, participle of the present tense Making mad or angry.

Madder

MAD'DER, noun [Saxon moeddere.] A plant of the genus Rubia, one species of which is much used in dyeing red. The root is used in medicine as an aperient and detergent, and is in great reputation as an emmenagogue. It is cultivated in France and Holland.

Encyc. Hill.

Madding

MAD'DING, participle of the present tense of mad. Raging; furious.

Milton. Dryden.

Made

MADE, preterit tense and participle passive of make.

Madefaction

MADEFAC'TION, noun [Latin madefacio.] The act of making wet.

Madefied

MAD'EFIED, participle passive Made wet.

Bacon.

Madefy

MAD'EFY, verb transitive [Latin madefio.] To make wet or moist; to moisten. [Not much used.]

Madefying

MAD'EFYING, participle of the present tense Making moist or wet.

Madeira

MADEIRA, noun A rich wine made on the isle of Madeira.

Mademoiselle

MADEMOISELLE, noun [French ma, my, and demoiselle, damsel. See Damsel.]

A young woman, or the title given to one; miss; also, the puppet sent from the French metropolis to exhibit the prevailing fashions.

Spectator.

Madheaded

MAD'HEADED, noun Hot brained; rash.

Shak.

Madhouse

MAD'HOUSE, noun A house where insane persons are confined for cure or for restraint.

Madid

MAD'ID, adjective [Latin madidus.] Wet; moist. [Not in use.]

Madly

MAD'LY, adverb [from mad.] Without reason or understanding; rashly; wildly.

2. With extreme folly or infatuated zeal or passion.

Madman

MAD'MAN, noun A man raving or furious with disordered intellect; a distracted man.

2. A man without understanding.

3. One inflamed with extravagant passion, and acting contrary to reason.

Madness

MAD'NESS, noun [from mad.] Distraction; a state of disordered reason or intellect, in which the patient raves or is furious.

There are degrees of madness as of folly.

Locke.

2. Extreme folly; headstrong passion and rashness that act in opposition to reason; as the madness of a mob.

3. Wildness of passion; fury; rage; as the madness of despair.

Madona

MADO'NA, or MADON'NA, noun [Spanish madona, Italian madonna, my lady.] A term of compellation equivalent to madam. It is given to the virgin Mary.

Madrepore

MAD'REPORE, noun [French madre, spotted, and pore.]

A submarine substance of a stony hardness, resembling coral. It consists of carbonate of lime with some animal matter. It is of a white color, wrinkled on the surface, and full of cavities or cells, inhabited by a small animal. From a liquor discharged by this animal, the substance is said to be formed. Madrepores constitute a genus of polypiers, of variable forms, always garnished with radiated plates.

Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Madreporite

MAD'REPORITE, noun A name given to certain petrified bones found in Normandy, in France, belonging to a cetaceous fish or to a species of crocodile. These bones contain many little brown lines in zigzag, resembling entangled threads. They have none of the properties of madrepore.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Madreporite

MAD'REPORITE, noun A variety of limestone, so called on account of its occurring in radiated prismatic concretions resembling the stars of madrepores. When rubbed, it emits the smell of sulphureted hydrogen gas.

2. Fossil madrepore.

Madrier

MADRIE'R, noun [French] A thick plank armed with iron plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard, with which it is applied to any thing intended to be broken down; also, a plank used for supporting the earth in mines.

Chambers. Bailey.

Madrigal

MAD'RIGAL, noun [Spanish Portugese French id.; Italian madrigale. Its origin is not ascertained.]

1. A little amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral poem, containing a certain number of free unequal verses, not confined to the scrupulous regularity of a sonnet or the subtilty of the epigram, but containing some tender and delicate, though simple thought, suitably expressed.

Cyc.

2. An elaborate vocal composition in five or six parts.

Busby.

Madwort

MAD'WORT, noun A plant of the genus Alyssum.

Maestoso

MAESTO'SO, an Italian word signifying majestic, a direction in music to play the part with grandeur and strength.

Maffle

MAF'FLE, verb intransitive To stammer. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Magazine

MAGAZINE, noun [French magazin; Italian magazzino; Spanish magacen and almacen; Portugese almazem or armazem; from Arabic gazana, to deposit or lay up for preservation.

This word is formed with the Shemitic prefix m.]

1. A store of arms, ammunition or provisions; or the building in which such store is deposited. It is usually a public store or storehouse.

2. In ships of war, a close room in the hold, where the gunpowder is kept. Large ships have usually two magazines.

Mar. Dict.

3. A pamphlet periodically published, containing miscellaneous papers or compositions. The first, publication of this kind in England, was the Gentleman's Magazine, which first appeared in 1731, under the name of Sylvanus Urban, by Edward Cave, and which is still continued.

Magaziner

MAGAZINER, noun One who writes for a magazine. [Little used.]

Goldsmith.

Mage

MAGE, noun A magician. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Magellanic clouds, whitish clouds, or appearances like clouds near the south pole, which revolve like the stars; so called from Magellan, the navigator. They are three in number.

Cyc.

Maggot

MAG'GOT, noun [Welsh macai, plu. maceiod, magiod, a maggot or grub, from magu, to breed.

1. A worm or grub; particularly, the flyworm, from the egg of the large blue or green fly. This maggot changes into a fly.

2. A whim; an odd fancy.

Maggoty

MAG'GOTY, adjective Full of maggots.

Maggoty-Headed

MAG'GOTY-HEADED, adjective Having a head full of whims.

Latin of Wood.

Magi

MA'GI, n. plu. [Latin] Wise men or philosophers of the East.

Fotherby.

Magian

MA'GIAN, adjective [Latin magus; Greek.] Pertaining to the Magi, a sect of philosophers in Persia.

Magian

MA'GIAN, noun One of the sect of the Persian Magi, who hold that there are two principles, one the cause of good, the other of evil. The knowledge of these philosophers was deemed by the vulgar to be supernatural.

Encyc.

Magianism

MA'GIANISM, noun The philosophy or doctrines of the Magi.

Magic

MAG'IC, noun [Latin magia; Greek, from, a philosopher among the Persians.]

1. The art or science of putting into action the power of spirits; or the science of producing wonderful effects by the aid of superhuman beings, or of departed spirits; sorcery; enchantment. [This art or science is now discarded.]

2. The secret operations of natural causes.

Bacon.

Natural magic, the application of natural causes to passive subjects, by which surprising effects are produced.

Encyc.

Celestial magic, attributes to spirits a kind of dominion over the planets, and to the planets an influence over men.

Superstitious or geotic magic, consists in the invocation of devils or demons, and supposes some tacit or express agreement between them and human beings.

Encyc.

Magic square, a square figure, formed by a series of numbers in mathematical proportion, so disposed in parallel and equal ranks, as that the sums of each row or line taken perpendicularly, horizontally, or diagonally, are equal.

Encyc.

Magic lantern, a dioptric machine invented by Kircher, which, by means of a lamp in a dark room, exhibits images of objects in their distinct colors and proportions, with the appearance of life itself.

Encyc.

Magic

MAG'IC, or MAG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to magic; used in magic; as a magic wand; magic art.

2. Performed by magic, the agency of spirits, or by the invisible powers of nature; as magical effects.

Magically

MAG'ICALLY, adverb By the arts of magic; according to the rules or rites of magic; by enchantment.

Camden.

Magician

MAGI'CIAN, noun One skilled in magic; one that practices the black art; an enchanter; a necromancer; a sorcerer or sorceress.

Locke. Waller.

Magisterial

MAGISTE'RIAL, adjective [See Magistrate.] Pertaining to a master; such as suits a master; authoritative.

Dryden.

2. Proud; lofty; arrogant; imperious; domineering.

Pretenses go a great way with men that take fair words and magisterial looks for current payment.

L'Estrange.

3. In chimistry, pertaining to magistery, which see.

Magisterially

MAGISTE'RIALLY, adverb With the air of a master; arrogantly; authoritatively.

Bacon. South.

Magisterialness

MAGISTE'RIALNESS, noun The air and manner of a master; haughtiness; imperiousness; peremptoriness.

Nelson.

Magistery

MAG'ISTERY, noun [Latin magisterium.] Among chimists, a precipitate; a fine substance deposited by precipitation; usually applied to particular kinds of precipitate, as that of bismuth, coal, crab's eyes, sulphur, &c. Obs.

Encyc.

Magistracy

MAG'ISTRACY, noun [See Magistrate.] The office or dignity of a magistrate.

Duelling is not only an usurpation of the divine prerogative, but it is an insult upon magistracy.

Clarissa.

2. The body of magistrates.

Magistral

MAG'ISTRAL, adjective Suiting a magistrate; authoritative. Obs.

Magistral

MAG'ISTRAL, noun A sovereign medicine or remedy. Obs.

Magistrality

MAGISTRAL'ITY, noun Despotic authority in opinion. Obs.

Bacon.

Magistrally

MAG'ISTRALLY, adverb Authoritatively; with imperiousness. Obs.

Bramhall.

Magistrate

MAG'ISTRATE, noun [Latin magistratus, from magister, master; magis, major, and ster, Teutonic steora, a director; steoran, to steer; the principal director.]

A public civil officer, invested with the executive government or some branch of it. In this sense, a king is the highest or first magistrate, as is the President of the United States. But the word is more particularly applied to subordinate officers, as governors, intendants, prefects, mayors, justices of the peace, and the like.

The magistrate must have his reverence; the laws their authority.

Burke.

Magistratic

MAGISTRAT'IC, adjective Having the authority of a magistrate.

Taylor.

Magistrature

MAG'ISTRATURE, noun [French] Magistracy. [Little used.]

Magna Charta

MAGNA CHARTA, noun [Latin great charter.]

1. The great charter, so called, obtained by the English barons from king John, A. Dutch 1215. This name is also given to the charter granted to the people of England in the ninth year of Henry III. and confirmed by Edward I.

2. A fundamental constitution which guarantees rights and privileges.

Magnanimity

MAGNANIM'ITY, noun [Latin magnanimitas; magnus, great, and animus, mind.]

Greatness of mind; that elevation or dignity of soul, which encounters danger and trouble with tranquillity and firmness, which raises the possessor above revenge, and makes him delight in acts of benevolence, which makes him disdain injustice and meanness, and prompts him to sacrifice personal ease, interest and safety for the accomplishment of useful and noble objects.

Magnanimous

MAGNAN'IMOUS, adjective [Latin magnanimus.]

1. Great of mind; elevated in soul or in sentiment; brave; disinterested; as a magnanimous prince or general.

2. Dictated by magnanimity; exhibiting nobleness of soul; liberal and honorable; not selfish.

There is an indissoluble union between a magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity.

Washington.

Magnanimously

MAGNAN'IMOUSLY, adverb With greatness of mind; bravely; with dignity and elevation of sentiment.

Milton.

Magnesia

MAGNE'SIA, n. s as z. [French magnesie. Qu. from Magnesia, the place where first found. Lunier says, from Greek, the lodestone; but the reason he does not assign.]

A primitive earth, having for its base a metallic substance, called magnesium. It is generally found in combination with other substances. It is absorbent and antacid, and moderately cathartic.

Ure.

Magnesian

MAGNE'SIAN, adjective Pertaining to magnesia, or partaking of its qualities.

Magnesite

MAG'NESITE, noun Carbonated magnesia, or magnesia combined with silex. It occurs in amorphous masses, or in masses tuberous and spungiform; its color is yellowish gray, or white with spots, and dendritic delineations of blackish brown.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Cyc.

Magnesium

MAGNE'SIUM, noun The undecomposable base of magnesia.

Magnet

MAG'NET, noun [Latin from Greek, from Magnesia, in Asia Minor.]

The lodestone; an ore of iron which has the peculiar properties of attracting metallic iron, of pointing to the poles, and of dipping or inclining downwards. These properties it communicates to iron by contact. A bar of iron to which these properties are imparted, is called an artificial magnet.

Encyc.

Magnetic

MAGNET'IC, or MAGNET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the magnet; possessing the properties of the magnet, or corresponding properties; as a magnetic bar of iron, or a magnetic needle.

2. Attractive.

She that had all magnetic force aloneÃ‚--

Donne.

Magnetically

MAGNET'ICALLY, adverb By means of magnetism; by the power of attraction.

Burton.

Magneticalness

MAGNET'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being magnetic.

Magnetics

MAGNET'ICS, noun The science or principles of magnetism.

Magnetiferous

MAGNETIF'EROUS, adjective Producing or conducting magnetism.

Journ. of Science.

Magnetism

MAG'NETISM, noun That branch of science which treats of the properties of the magnet, the power of the lodestone, &c.

2. Power of attraction; as the magnetism of interest.

Glanville.

Animal magnetism, a sympathy supposed to exist between the magnet and the human body, by means of which the magnet is said to be able to cure diseases; or a fluid supposed to exist throughout nature, and to be the medium of influence between celestial bodies, and the earth and human bodies.

Magnetize

MAG'NETIZE, verb transitive To communicate magnetic properties to any thing; as, to magnetize a needle.

Seven of Deslon's patients were magnetized at Dr. Franklin's house.

Encyc.

Magnetize

MAG'NETIZE, verb intransitive To acquire magnetic properties; to become magnetic. A bar of iron standing some time in an inclined position, will magnetize.

Magnetized

MAG'NETIZED, participle passive Made magnetic.

Magnetizing

MAG'NETIZING, participle of the present tense Imparting magnetism to.

Magnifiable

MAG'NIFIABLE, adjective [See Magnify.] That may be magnified; worthy of being magnified or extolled.

Brown.

Magnific

MAGNIF'IC, or MAGNIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin magnificus.]

Grand; splendid; illustrious.

Milton.

Magnificate

MAGNIF'ICATE, verb transitive To magnify or extol. [Not used.]

Marston.

Magnificence

MAGNIF'ICENCE, noun [Latin magnificentia.] Grandeur of appearance; greatness and splendor of show or state; as the magnificence of a palace or of a procession; the magnificence of a Roman triumph.

Magnificent

MAGNIF'ICENT, adjective Grand in appearance; splendid; pompous.

Man he made, and for him built

Magnificent this world.

Milton.

2. Exhibiting grandeur.

Sidney.

Magnificently

MAGNIF'ICENTLY, adverb With splendor of appearance, or pomp of show. The minister was magnificently entertained at court.

2. With exalted sentiments. We can never conceive too magnificently of the Creator and his works.

Magnifico

MAGNIF'ICO, noun A grandee of Venice.

Shak.

Magnifier

MAG'NIFIER, noun [from magnify.] One who magnifies; one who extols or exalts in praises.

2. A glass that magnifies; a convex lens which increases the apparent magnitude of bodies.

Magnify

MAGNIFY, verb transitive [Latin magnifico; magnus, great, and facio, to make.]

1. To make great or greater; to increase the apparent dimensions of a body. A convex lens magnifies the bulk of a body to the eye.

2. To make great in representation; to extol; to exalt in description or praise. The embassador magnified the king and queen.

3. To extol; to exalt; to elevate; to raise in estimation.

Thee that day

Thy thunders magnified.

Milton.

The Lord magnified Solomon exceedingly. 1 Chronicles 29.

To magnify one's self, to raise in pride and pretensions.

He shall magnify himself in his heart Danish viii.

Magnifying

MAG'NIFYING, participle of the present tense Enlarging apparent bulk or dimensions; extolling; exalting.

Magniloquence

MAGNIL'OQUENCE, noun [Latin magnus, great, and loquens, speaking.]

A lofty manner of speaking; tumid, pompous words or style.

Bentley.

Magnitude

MAG'NITUDE, noun [Latin magnitudo.] Extent of dimensions or parts; bulk; size; applied to things that have length, breadth or thickness.

2. Greatness; grandeur.

With plain heroic magnitude of mind.

Milton.

3. Greatness, in reference to influence or effect; importance. In affairs of magnitude, disdain not to take counsel.

Magnolia

MAGNO'LIA, noun The laurel-leafed tuliptree, of several species.

Magpie

MAG'PIE, noun [Welsh piog, Latin pica, with mag.]

A chattering bird of the genus Corvus.

Maguey

MAG'UEY, noun A species of aloe in Mexico, which furnished the natives with timber for their buildings. Its leaves were used for covering the roofs of their houses, and for paper, clothing and cordage.

Encyc.

The maguey is a species of the genus Agave, and is now cultivated in Mexico, for the purpose of preparing from its leaves a spirituous liquor called pulque.

Humboldt.

Mahogany

MAHOG'ANY, noun A tree of the genus Swietenia, growing in the tropical climates of America. The wood is of a reddish or brown color, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish. Of this are made our most beautiful and durable pieces of cabinet furniture.

Mahometan

MAHOM'ETAN, or MOHAM'MEDAN. This word and the name of the Arabian prophet, so called, are written in many different ways. The best authorized and most correct orthography seems to be Mohammed, Mohammedan. [See Mohammedan.]

Mahound

MA'HOUND, noun Formerly a contemptuous name for Mohammed and the devil, &c.

Skelton.

Maid

MAID, noun A species of skate fish.

Maid

MAID, or MA'IDEN, noun [Saxon moegth, from moeg, a general name of relation, man, boy, or woman; Gothic magath; Dutch maagd; German magd; Irish mogh, a man; Spanish mozo, a man-servant, a bachelor; moza, a maid; Portugese macho, a male; Russian muj. It coincides in elements with Saxon magan, to be able, may.]

1. An unmarried woman, or a young unmarried woman; a virgin.

2. A female servant.

Dryden.

3. It is used in composition, to express the feminine gender, as in maid-servant.

Maiden

MA'IDEN, noun A maid; also, an instrument for beheading criminals, and another for washing linen.

Maiden

MA'IDEN, adjective Pertaining to a young woman or virgin; as maiden charms.

2. Consisting of young women or virgins.

Amid the maiden throng.

Addison.

3. Fresh; new; unused.

He fleshed his maiden sword.

Shak.

Maiden

MA'IDEN, verb intransitive To speak and act demurely or modestly.

Bp. Hall.

Maidenhair

MA'IDENHAIR, noun A plant of the genus Adiantum.

Maidenhood

MA'IDENHOOD, noun [Saxon moegdenhad, moedenhad.]

1. The state of being a maid or virgin; virginity.

The modest lore of maidenhood.

Milton.

2. Newness; freshness; uncontaminated state.

Shak.

Maidenlike

MA'IDENLIKE, adjective Like a maid; modest.

Shak.

Maidenliness

MA'IDENLINESS, noun The behavior that becomes a maid; modesty; gentleness.

Sherwood.

Maidenlip

MA'IDENLIP, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Maidenly

MA'IDENLY, adjective Like a maid; gentle; modest; reserved.

Shak.

Maidenly

MA'IDENLY, adverb In a maidenlike manner.

Skelton.

Maidhood

MA'IDHOOD, noun Virginity.

Shak.

Maidmarian

MAIDMAR'IAN, noun A dance; so called from a buffoon dressed like a man. Obs.

Temple.

Maidpale

MA'IDPALE, adjective Pale, like a sick girl.

Shak.

Maid-Servant

MA'ID-SERVANT, noun A female servant.

Swift.

Mail

MAIL, noun [French maille, a stitch in knitting, a mail; Spanish malla, a mesh, net-work, a coat of mail; Portugese id. and a spot; Italian maglia and camaglio; Armoric mailh; Dutch maal; Welsh magyl, a knot, a mesh; maglu, to knit, to entangle, to entrap, to form meshes. The sense of spot, which occurs in the French and Portuguese, indicates this word to be from the root of Latin macula, and the Welsh words prove it to be contracted from magel.]

1. A coat of steel net-work, formerly worn for defending the body against swords, poniards, &c. The mail was of two sorts, chain and plate mail; the former consisting of iron rings, each having four others inserted into it; the latter consisting of a number of small lamins of metal, laid over one another like the scales of a fish, and sewed down to a strong linen or lethern jacket.

Cyc.

2. Armor; that which defends the body.

We strip the lobster of his scarlet mail.

Gay.

We read also of shirts of mail, and gloves of mail.

3. In ships, a square machine composed of rings interwoven, like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and white cordage.

4. A rent. [Saxon mal.] Also, a spot. Obs.

Mail

MAIL, noun [French malette; Irish mala; French malle; Armoric mal.]

A bag for the conveyance of letters and papers, particularly letters conveyed from one post office to another, under public authority.

Mail

MAIL, verb transitive To put on a coat of mail or armor; to arm defensively.

Shak.

2. To inclose in a wrapper and direct to a post office. We say, letters were mailed for Philadelphia.

Mail-Coach

MA'IL-COACH, noun A coach that conveys the public mails.

Mailed

MA'ILED, participle passive Covered with a mail or with armor; inclosed and directed, as letters in a bundle.

2. adjective Spotted; speckled.

Sherwood.

Mailing

MA'ILING, participle of the present tense Investing with a coat of mail; inclosing in a wrapper and directing to a post office.

Maim

MAIM, verb transitive [Old French mahemer or mahaigner; Armoric mahaigna, mahagnein.]

1. To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person less able to defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary.

Blackstone.

2. To deprive of a necessary part; to cripple; to disable.

You maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops.

Shak.

Maim

MAIM, noun [written in law-language, mayhem.]

1. The privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, so as to render the sufferer less able to defend himself or to annoy his adversary.

2. The privation of any necessary part; a crippling.

Surely there is more cause to fear lest the want thereof be a maim, than the use of it a blemish.

Hooker.

3. Injury; mischief.

Shak.

4. Essential defect.

A noble author esteems it to be a maim in history. [Not used.]

Hayward.

Maimed

MA'IMED, participle passive Crippled; disabled in limbs; lame.

Maiming

MA'IMING, participle of the present tense Disabling by depriving of the use of a limb; crippling; rendering lame or defective.

Maimedness

MA'IMEDNESS, noun A state of being maimed.

Bolton.

Main

MAIN, adjective [Saxon moegn; strength, force, power, from magan, to be able or strong, that is, to strain or stretch, may, might. If g is radical in the Latin magnus, this may be of the same family; Gothic mickels; much.]

1. Principal; chief; that which has most power in producing an effect, or which is mostly regarded in prospect; as the main branch or tributary stream of a river; the main timbers of an edifice; a main design; a main object.

Our main interest is to be as happy as we can, and as long as possible.

Tillotson.

2. Mighty; vast; as the main abyss.

Milton.

3. Important; powerful.

This young prince, with a train of young noblemen and gentlemen, not with any main army, came over to take possession of his patrimony.

Davies.

Main

MAIN, noun Strength; force; violent effort; as in the phrase, "with might and main."

Dryden.

2. The gross; the bulk; the greater part.

The main of them may be reduced to language and an improvement in wisdomÃ‚--

Locke.

3. The ocean; the great sea, as distinguished from rivers, bays, sounds and the like.

He fell, and struggling in the mainÃ‚--

Dryden.

4. The continent, as distinguished from an isle. We arrived at Nantucket on Saturday, but did not reach the main till Monday. In this use of the word, land is omitted; main for main land.

5. A hamper.

Ainsworth.

6. A course; a duct.

Act of Parliament.

For the main, in the main, for the most part; in the greatest part.

Main

MAIN, noun [Latin manus, hand; French main.] A hand at dice. We throw a merry main.

And lucky mains make people wise. [Not used.]

Prior.

2. A match at cock fighting.

Main-Land

MA'IN-LAND, noun The continent; the principal land, as opposed to an isle.

Dryden.

Mainly

MA'INLY, adverb Chiefly; principally. He is mainly occupied with domestic concerns.

2. Greatly; to a great degree; mightily.

Bacon.

Main-Mast

MA'IN-MAST, noun The principal mast in a ship or other vessel.

Main-Keel

MA'IN-KEEL, noun The principal keel, as distinguished from the false keel.

Mainor

MA'INOR, noun [Old French manoevre, meinour, Latin a manu, from the hand, or in the work.]

The old law phrase, to be taken as a thief with the mainor, signifies, to be taken in the very act of killing venison or stealing wood, or in preparing so to do; or it denotes the being taken with the thing stolen upon him.

Blackstone.

Mainpernable

MAINPERN'ABLE, adjective That may be admitted to give surety by mainpernors; that may be mainprized.

Mainpernor

MAINPERN'OR, noun [Old French main, the hand, and prendre, to take; pernon, pernez, for prenon, prenez.]

In law, a surety for a prisoner's appearance in court at a day. Mainpernors differ from bail, in that a man's bail may imprison or surrender him before the stipulated day of appearance; mainpernors can do neither; they are bound to produce him to answer all charges whatsoever.

Blackstone.

Mainprize

MA'INPRIZE, noun [French main, hand, and prendre, pris, to take.]

1. In law, a writ directed to the sheriff, commanding him to take sureties for the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go at large. These sureties are called mainpernors.

Blackstone.

2. Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance at a day.

Mainprize

MA'INPRIZE, verb transitive To suffer a prisoner to go at large, on his finding sureties, mainpernors, for his appearance at a day.

Main-Sail

MA'IN-SAIL, noun The principal sail in a ship. The main-sail of a ship or brig is extended by a yard attached to the main-mast, and that of a sloop, by the boom.

Main-Sheet

MA'IN-SHEET, noun The sheet that extends and fastens the main-sail.

Mainswear

MA'INSWEAR, verb intransitive [Saxon manswerian; man, evil, and swerian, to swear.]

To swear falsely; to perjure one's self.

Blount.

Maintain

MAINTA'IN, verb transitive [French maintenir; main, hand, and tenir, to hold; Latin manus and teneo.]

1. To hold, preserve or keep in any particular state or condition; to support; to sustain; not to suffer to fail or decline; as, to maintain a certain degree of heat in a furnace; to maintain the digestive process or powers of the stomach; to maintain the fertility of soil; to maintain present character or reputation.

2. To hold; to keep; not to lose or surrender; as, to maintain a place or post.

3. To continue; not to suffer to cease; as, to maintain a conversation.

4. To keep up; to uphold; to support the expense of; as, to maintain state or equipage.

What maintains one vice would bring up two children.

Franklin.

5. To support with food, clothing and other conveniences; as, to maintain a family by trade or labor.

6. To support by intellectual powers, or by force of reason; as, to maintain an argument.

7. To support; to defend; to vindicate; to justify; to prove to be just; as, to maintain one's right or cause.

8. To support by assertion or argument; to affirm.

In tragedy and satire, I maintain that this age and the last have excelled the ancients.

Dryden.

Maintainable

MAINTA'INABLE, adjective That may be maintained, supported, preserved or sustained.

2. That may be defended or kept by force or resistance; as, a military post is not maintainable.

3. That may be defended by argument or just claim; vindicable; defensible.

Maintained

MAINTA'INED, participle passive Kept in any state; preserved; upheld; supported; defended; vindicated.

Maintainer

MAINTA'INER, noun One who supports, preserves, sustains or vindicates.

Maintaining

MAINTA'INING, participle of the present tense Supporting; preserving; upholding; defending; vindicating.

Maintenance

MA'INTENANCE, noun Sustenance; sustentation; support by means of supplies of food, clothing and other conveniences; as, his labor contributed little to the maintenance of his family.

2. Means of support; that which supplies conveniences.

Those of better fortune not making learning their maintenance.

Swift.

3. Support; protection; defense; vindication; as the maintenance of right or just claims.

4. Continuance; security from failure or decline.

Whatever is granted to the church for God's honor and the maintenance of his service, is granted to God.

South.

5. In law, an officious intermeddling in a suit in which the person has no interest, by assisting either party with money or means to prosecute or defend it. This is a punishable offense. But to assist a poor kinsman from compassion, is not maintenance.

Encyc.

Main-Top

MA'IN-TOP, noun The top of the main-mast of a ship or brig.

Main-Yard

MA'IN-YARD, noun The yard on which the main-sail is extended, supported by the main-mast.

Maister

MAISTER, for master, is obsolete.

Spenser.

Maistress

MAISTRESS, for mistress, is obsolete.

Chaucer.

Maiz

MAIZ, noun A plant of the genus Zea, the native corn of America, called Indian corn. [In the Lettish and Livonic languages, in the north of Europe, mayse is bread. Tooke. In Irish maise is food; perhaps a different orthography of meat.]

Maja

MA'JA, noun A bird of Cuba, of a beautiful yellow color, whose flesh is accounted a delicacy.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Majestic

MAJES'TIC, adjective [from majesty.] August; having dignity of person or appearance; grand; princely. The prince was majestic in person and appearance.

In his face

Sat meekness, hightened with majestic grace.

Milton.

2. Splendid; grand.

Get the start of this majestic world.

Shak.

3. Elevated; lofty.

The least portions must be of the epic kind; all must be grave, majestic and sublime.

Dryden.

4. Stately; becoming majesty; as a majestic air or walk.

Majestical

MAJES'TICAL, adjective Majestic. [Little used.]

Majestically

MAJES'TICALLY, adverb With dignity; with grandeur; with a lofty air or appearance.

Majesty

MAJ'ESTY, noun [Latin majestas, from the root of magis, major, more, greater.]

1. Greatness of appearance; dignity; grandeur; dignity of aspect or manner; the quality or state of a person or thing which inspires awe or reverence in the beholder; applied with peculiar propriety to God and his works.

Jehovah reigneth; he is clothed with majesty. Psalm 93.

The voice of Jehovah is full of majesty. Psalm 29.

It is applied to the dignity, pomp and splendor of earthly princes.

When he showed the riches of his glorious kingdomÃ‚--the honor of his excellent majesty many daysÃ‚-- Esther 1.

2. Dignity; elevation of manner.

The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd,

The next in majestyÃ‚--

Dryden.

3. A title of emperors, kings and queens; as most royal majesty; may it please your majesty. In this sense, it admits of the plural; as, their majesties attended the concert.

Major

MA'JOR, adjective [Latin] Greater in number, quantity or extent; as the major part of the assembly; the major part of the revenue; the major part of the territory.

2. Greater in dignity.

My major vow lies here.

Shak.

3. In music, an epithet applied to the modes in which the third is four semitones above the tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four semitones.

Busby.

Major and minor, in music, are applied to concords which differ from each other by a semitone.

Major tone, the difference between the fifth and fourth, and major semitone is the difference between the major fourth and the third. The major tone surpasses the minor by a comma.

Encyc.

Major

MA'JOR, noun In military affairs, an officer next in rank above a captain, and below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.

2. The mayor of a town. [See Mayor.]

Aid-major, an officer appointed to act as major on certain occasions.

Brigade-major. [See Brigade.]

Drum-major, the first drummer in a regiment, who has authority over the other drummers.

Fife-major, the first or chief fifer.

Sergeant-major, a non-commissioned officer, subordinate to the adjutant.

Major

MA'JOR, noun In law, a person of full age to manage his own concerns.

Major

MAJOR, noun In logic, the first proposition of a regular syllogism, containing the principal term; as, no unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven, [the major.] Every man in his natural state is unholy, [minor.] Therefore, no man in his natural state, is qualified for happiness in heaven, [conclusion or inference.]

Majoration

MAJORA'TION, noun Increase; enlargement. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Major-Domo

MAJOR-DO'MO, noun [major and domus, house.]

A man who holds the place of master of the house; a steward; also, a chief minister.

Encyc.

Major-General

MA'JOR-GENERAL, noun A military officer who commands a division or a number of regiments; the next in rank below a lieutenant general.

Majority

MAJOR'ITY, noun [French majoritÃƒ-©; from major.]

1. The greater number; more than half; as a majority of mankind; a majority of votes in Congress. A measure may be carried by a large or small majority.

2. Full age; the age at which the laws of a country permit a young person to manage his own affairs. Henry III. had no sooner come to his majority, than the barons raised war against him.

3. The office, rank or commission of a major.

4. The state of being greater.

It is not a plurality of parts, without majority of parts. [Little used.]

Grew.

5. [Latin majores.] Ancestors; ancestry. [Not used.]

Brown.

6. Chief rank. [Not used.]

Shak.

Make

MAKE, verb transitive pret. and pp. made. [Saxon macian; German machen; Dutch maaken; Danish mager, to contrive; mager paa, to make, to form, to mold, to contrive, to practice. The primary sense is to cause to act or do, to press, drive, strain or compel, as in the phrases, make your servant work, make him go.]

1. To compel; to constrain.

They should be made to rise at an early hour.

Locke.

2. To form of materials; to fashion; to mold into shape; to cause to exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing.

He fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf. Exodus 32.

God not only made, but created; not only made the work, but the materials.

Dwight, Theol.

3. To create; to cause to exist; to form from nothing. God made the materials of the earth and of all worlds.

4. To compose; to constitute as parts, materials or ingredients united in a whole. These several sums make the whole amount.

The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea,

Make but one temple for the deity.

Waller.

5. To form by art.

And art with her contending, doth aspire

T' excel the natural with made delights.

Spenser.

6. To produce or effect, as the agent.

Call for Sampson, that he may make us sport. Judges 16.

7. To produce, as the cause; to procure; to obtain. Good tillage is necessary to make good crops.

Wealth maketh many friends. Proverbs 19.

8. To do; to perform; to execute; as, to make a journey; to make a long voyage.

9. To cause to have any quality, as by change or alteration. Wealth may make a man proud; beauty may make a woman vain; a due sense of human weakness should make us humble.

10. To bring into any state or condition; to constitute.

See I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. Exodus 7.

Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? Exodus 2.

11. To contract; to establish; as, to make friendship.

Rowe.

12. To keep; as, to make abode.

Dryden.

13. To raise to good fortune; to secure in riches or happiness; as when it is said, he is made for this world.

Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown.

Dryden.

14. To suffer.

He accuses Neptune unjustly, who makes shipwreck a second time.

Bacon.

15. To incur; as, to make a loss. [Improper.]

Dryden.

16. To commit; to do.

I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of the faults which I made. [Little used.]

Dryden.

17. To intend or to do; to purpose to do.

Gomez, what mak'st thou here, with a whole brotherhood of city bailiffs? [Not used.]

Dryden.

We now say, what doest thou here?

18. To raise, as profit; to gain; to collect; as, to make money in trade or by husbandry; to make an estate by steady industry.

19. To discover; to arrive in sight of; a seaman's phrase. They made the land at nine o'clock on the larboard bow, distant five leagues.

20. To reach; to arrive at; as, to make a port or harbor; a seaman's phrase.

21. To gain by advance; as, to make little way with a head wind; we made our way to the next village. This phrase often implies difficulty.

22. To provide; as, to make a dinner or entertainment.

23. To put or place; as, to make a difference between strict right and expedience.

24. To turn; to convert, as to use.

Whate'er they catch,

Their fury makes an instrument of war.

Dryden.

25. To represent. He is not the fool you make him, that is, as your representation exhibits him.

26. To constitute; to form. It is melancholy to think that sensual pleasure makes the happiness of a great part of mankind.

27. To induce; to cause. Self-confidence makes a man rely too much on his own strength and resources.

28. To put into a suitable or regular form for use; as, to make a bed.

29. To fabricate; to forge. He made the story himself.

30. To compose; to form and write; as, to make verses or an oration.

31. To cure; to dry and prepare for preservation; as, to make hay.

To make amends, to make good; to give adequate compensation; to replace the value or amount of loss.

To make account of, to esteem; to regard.

Bacon.

To make away, to kill; to destroy.

Sidney. Addison.

2. To alienate; to transfer.

Waller.

We now usually say, to make over property.

To make free with, to treat with freedom; to treat without ceremony.

Pope.

To make good, to maintain; to defend.

I'll either die, or I'll make good the place.

Dryden.

2. To fulfill; to accomplish; as, to make good one's word, promise or engagement.

3. To make compensation for; to supply an equivalent; as, to make good a loss or damage.

To make light of, to consider as of no consequence; to treat with indifference or contempt.

They made light of it, and went their way. Matthew 22.

To make love, or To make suit, to court; to attempt to gain the favor or affection.

To make merry, to feast; to be joyful or jovial.

Bacon.

To make much of, to treat with fondness or esteem; to consider as of great value, or as giving great pleasure.

To make of, to understand. He knows not what to make of the news, that is, he does not well understand it; he knows not how to consider or view it.

2. To produce from; to effect.

I am astonished that those who have appeared against this paper, have made so very little of it.

Addison.

3. To consider; to account; to esteem.

Makes she no more of me than of a slave?

Dryden.

To make over, to transfer the title of; to convey; to alienate. He made over his estate in trust or in fee.

To make out, to learn; to discover; to obtain a clear understanding of. I cannot make out the meaning or sense of this difficult passage. Antiquaries are not able to make out the inscription on this medal.

2. To prove; to evince; to establish by evidence or argument. The plaintiff, not being able to make out his case, withdrew the suit.

In the passages from divines, most of the reasonings which make out both my propositions are already suggested.

Atterbury.

3. To furnish; to find or supply. He promised to pay, but was not able to make out the money or the whole sum.

To make sure of, to consider as certain.

Dryden.

2. To secure to one's possession; as, to make sure of the game.

To make up, to collect into a sum or mass; as, to make up the amount of rent; to make up a bundle or package.

2. To reconcile; to compose; as, to make up a difference or quarrel.

3. To repair; as, to make up a hedge. Ezekiel 13.

4. To supply what is wanting. A dollar is wanted to make up the stipulated sum.

5. To compose, as ingredients or parts.

Oh, he was all made up of love and charms!

Addison.

The parties among us are made up of moderate whigs and presbyterians.

Swift.

6. To shape; as, to make up a mass into pills.

7. To assume a particular form of features; as, to make up a face; whence, to make up a lip, is to pout.

8. To compensate; to make good; as, to make up a loss.

9. To settle; to adjust, or to arrange for settlement; as, to make up accounts.

10. To determine; to bring to a definite conclusion; as, to make up one's mind.

In seamen's language, to make sail, to increase the quantity of sail already extended.

To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost.

To make water, to leak.

To make words, to multiply words.

Make

MAKE, verb intransitive To tend; to proceed; to move. He made towards home. The tiger made at the sportsman. Formerly authors used to make way, to make on, to make forth, to make about; but these phrases are obsolete. We now say, to make at, to make towards.

2. To contribute; to have effect. This argument makes nothing in his favor. He believes wrong to be right, and right to be wrong, when it makes for his advantage.

3. To rise; to flow toward land; as, the tide makes fast.

To make as if, to show; to appear; to carry appearance.

Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled. Joshua 8.

To make away with, to kill; to destroy.

To make for, to move towards; to direct a course towards; as, we apprehended a tempest approaching, and made for a harbor.

2. To tend to advantage; to favor. A war between commercial nations makes for the interest of neutrals.

To make against, to tend to injury. This argument makes against his cause.

To make out, to succeed; to have success at last. He made out to reconcile the contending parties.

To make up, to approach. He made up to us with boldness.

To make up for, to compensate; to supply by an equivalent.

Have you a supply of friends to make up for those who are gone?

Swift.

To make up with, to settle differences; to become friends.

To make with, to concur.

Hooker.

Make

MAKE, noun Structure; texture; constitution of parts in a body. It may sometimes be synonymous with shape or form, but more properly, the word signifies the manner in which the parts of a body are united; as a man of slender make, or feeble make.

Is our perfection of so frial a make

As every plot can undermine and shake?

Dryden.

Make

MAKE, noun [Saxon maca, gemaca; Danish mage; match. It seems allied to make, as peer, Latin par, to Hebrew.]

A companion; a mate. Obs.

Spenser. B. Jonson.

Makebate

MA'KEBATE, noun [make and Saxon bate, contention.]

One who excites contention and quarrels.

Sidney.

Makeless

MA'KELESS, adjective Matchless; without a mate. Obs.

Maker

MA'KER, noun The Creator.

The universal Maker we may praise.

Milton.

2. One that makes, forms, shapes or molds; a manufacturer; as a maker of watches, or of jewelry; a maker of cloth.

3. A poet.

Makepeace

MA'KEPEACE, noun A peace-maker; one that reconciles persons when at variance.

Shak.

Makeweight

MA'KEWEIGHT, noun That which is thrown into a scale to make weight.

Philips.

Maki

MA'KI, noun An animal of the genus Lemur.

The ring-tailed maki is of the size of a cat.

Encyc.

The common name of a subdivision of the Linnean genus Lemur, including the macauco, the mongooz, and the vari.

Cuvier.

Making

MA'KING, participle of the present tense Forming; causing; compelling; creating; constituting.

Making

MA'KING, noun The act of forming, causing or constituting.

2. Workmanship. This is cloth of your own making.

3. Composition; structure.

4. A poem.

Mal

MAL, or MALE, as a prefix, in composition, denotes ill or evil, French mal, Latin malus. [See Malady.]

Malachite

MAL'ACHITE, noun [Greek, mallows, Latin malva, from, soft, so named from its resembling the color of the leaf of mallows.]

An oxyd of copper, combined with carbonic acid, found in solid masses of a beautiful green color. It consists of layers, in the form of nipples or needles converging towards a common center. It takes a good polish and is often manufactured into toys.

Fourcroy. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Malacolite

MAL'ACOLITE, noun [Greek, mallows, from its color.]

Another name for diopside, a variety of pyroxene.

Cleaveland. Lunier.

Malacopterygeous

MALACOPTERYG'EOUS, adjective [Greek, soft, and, a point or fether.]

Having bony rays of fins, not sharp or pointed at the extremity; as a fish.

Malacostomous

MALACOS'TOMOUS, adjective [Greek, soft, and, mouth.]

Having soft jaws without teeth; as a fish.

Encyc.

Maladministration

MALADMINISTRA'TION, noun [See Mal and Administer.]

Bad management of public affairs; vicious or defective conduct in administration, or the performance of official duties, particularly of executive and ministerial duties, prescribed by law; as the maladministration of a king, or of any chief magistrate.

Malady

MAL'ADY, noun [French maladie; Italian malattia, from the Welsh mall, softness, debility, an evil, a malady; Latin malum; Welsh mallu, to make soft or flaccid, to deprive of energy, to make insipid, to make evil, to become evil. This coincides in origin with mellow, Latin mollis, Greek. In opposition to this, virtue, value and health, are from the sense of strength, vigor.]

1. Any sickness or disease of the human body; any distemper, disorder or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective or morbid organic functions; more particularly, a lingering or deep seated disorder or indisposition. It may be applied to any animal body, but is, I believe, rarely or never applied to plants.

The maladies of the body may prove medicines to the mind.

Buckminster.

2. Defect or corruption of the heart; depravity; moral disorder or corruption of moral principles. Depravity of heart is a moral malady.

3. Disorder of the understanding or mind.

Malaga

MAL'AGA, noun A species of wine imported from Malaga, in Spain.

Malanders

MALAN'DERS, noun [from mal, ill, and Italian andare, to go.]

A dry scab on the pastern of a horse.

Johnson.

Malapert

MAL'APERT, adjective [mal and pert.] Saucy; quick, with impudence; sprightly, without respect or decency; bold; forward.

Are you growing malapert?

Dryden.

Malapertly

MAL'APERTLY, adverb Saucily; with impudence.

Skelton.

Malapertness

MAL'APERTNESS, noun Sauciness; impudent pertness or forwardness; sprightliness of reply without decency.

Malapropos

MALAPROPOS, adv. malap'ropo. [French mal, evil, and apropos, to the purpose.] Unsuitably.

Dryden.

Malar

MA'LAR, adjective [Latin mala, the cheek.] Pertaining to the cheek.

Malate

MAL'ATE, noun [Latin malum, an apple.] A salt formed by the malic acid, the acid of apples, combined with a base.

Chimistry.

Malaxate

MAL'AXATE, verb transitive [Greek.] To soften; to knead to softness. [Not used.]

Malaxation

MALAXA'TION, noun The act of moistening and softening; or the forming of ingredients into a mass for pills or plasters. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Malconformation

MALCONFORMA'TION, noun Ill form; disproportion of parts.

Tully.

Malcontent

MAL'CONTENT, noun [mal and content.] A discontented subject of government; one who murmurs at the laws and administration, or who manifests his uneasiness by overt acts, as in sedition or insurrection.

Malcontent

MAL'CONTENT, or MALCONTENT'ED, adjective Discontented with the laws or the administration of government; uneasy; dissatisfied with the government.

The famous malcontent earl of Leicester.

Milner.

Malcontentedly

MALCONTENT'EDLY, adverb With discontent.

Malcontentedness

MALCONTENT'EDNESS, noun Discontentedness with the government; dissatisfaction; want of attachment to the government, manifested by overt acts.

Spectator.

Male

MALE, adjective [French male, for masle, from Latin masculus, from mas, maris.]

1. Pertaining to the sex that procreates young, and applied to animals of all kinds; as a male child; a male beast, fish or fowl.

2. Denoting the sex of a plant which produces the fecundating dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only, without pistils.

3. Denoting the screw whose threads enter the grooves or channels of the corresponding or female screw.

Male

MALE, noun Among animals, one of the sex whose office is to beget young; a he-animal.

2. In botany, a plant or flower which produces stamens only, without pistils.

3. In mechanics, the screw whose threads enter the grooves or channels of the corresponding part or female screw.

Maledicency

MALEDIC'ENCY, noun [Latin maledicentia; male and dico.]

Evil speaking; reproachful language; proneness to reproach. [Little used.]

Atterbury.

Maledicent

MAL'EDICENT, adjective Speaking reproachfully; slanderous. [Little used.]

Sandys.

Malediction

MALEDIC'TION, noun [Latin maledictio; male, evil, and dico, to speak.]

Evil speaking; denunciation of evil; a cursing; curse or execration.

Hooker.

Malefaction

MALEFAC'TION, noun [Latin male, evil, and facio, to do.]

A criminal deed; a crime; an offense against the laws. [Little used.]

Shak.

Malefactor

MALEFAC'TOR, noun [supra.] One who commits a crime; one guilty of violating the laws, in such a manner as to subject him to public prosecution and punishment, particularly to capital punishment; a criminal.

Dryden.

Malefice

MAL'EFICE, noun [French See Malefaction.] An evil deed; artifice; enchantment. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Maleficiate

MALEFI'CIATE, verb transitive To bewitch. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Maleficiation

MALEFICIA'TION, noun A bewitching. [Not in use.]

Maleficience

MALEFI'CIENCE, noun [Latin maleficientia.] The doing of evil, harm or mischief.

Maleficient

MALEFI'CIENT, adjective Doing evil, harm or mischief.

Burke.

Malengine

MALEN'GINE, noun [French malengin.] Guile; deceit. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Malet

MAL'ET, noun [French malette. See Mail.] A little bag or budget; a portmanteau. [Not used.]

Shelton.

Malevolence

MALEV'OLENCE, noun [Latin malevolentia; malum, evil, and volens, volo, to will.]

Ill will; personal hatred; evil disposition towards another; enmity of heart; inclination to injure others. It expresses less than malignity.

Shak.

Malevolent

MALEV'OLENT, adjective Having an evil disposition towards another or others; wishing evil to others; ill disposed, or disposed to injure others. A malevolent heart rejoices in the misfortunes of others.

2. Unfavorable; unpropitious; bringing calamity.

Malevolently

MALEV'OLENTLY, adverb With ill will or enmity; with the wish or design to injure.

Malevolous

MALEV'OLOUS, adjective Malevolent. [Not in use.]

Warburton.

Malfeasance

MALFE'ASANCE, noun [French] Evil doing; wrong; illegal deed.

Malformation

MALFORMA'TION, noun [mal and formation.]

Ill or wrong formation; irregular or anomalous formation or structure of parts.

Darwin.

Malic

MA'LIC, adjective [Latin malum, an apple.] Pertaining to apples; drawn from the juice of apples; as malic acid.

Chimistry.

Malice

MAL'ICE, noun [French Italian malizia; Spanish malicia; Latin malitia, from malus, evil; Welsh mall. See Malady.]

Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence; a disposition to injure others without cause, from mere personal gratification or from a spirit of revenge; unprovoked malignity or spite.

Ã‚--Nor set down aught in malice.

Shak.

Malice

MAL'ICE, verb transitive To regard with extreme ill will. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Malicious

MALI'CIOUS, adjective Harboring ill will or enmity without provocation; malevolent in the extreme; malignant in heart.

I grant him bloody,

Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin

That has a name.

Shak.

2. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; as a malicious report.

Maliciously

MALI'CIOUSLY, adverb With malice; with extreme enmity or ill will; with deliberate intention to injure.

Swift.

Maliciousness

MALI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being malicious; extreme enmity or disposition to injure; malignity.

Herbert.

Malign

MALIGN, a. mali'ne. [French maligne; Latin malignus, from malus, evil. See Malady.]

1. Having a very evil disposition towards others; harboring violent hatred or enmity; malicious; as malign spirits.

Milton.

2. Unfavorable; pernicious; tending to injure; as a malign aspect of planets.

Milton.

3. Malignant; pernicious; as a malign ulcer.

Bacon.

Malign

MALIGN, verb transitive To regard with envy or malice; to treat with extreme enmity; to injure maliciously.

The people practice mischief against private men, whom they malign by stealing their goods and murdering them.

Spenser.

2. To traduce; to defame.

Malign

MALIGN, verb intransitive To entertain malice.

Milton.

Malignancy

MALIG'NANCY, noun [See Malignant.] Extreme malevolence; bitter enmity; malice; as malignancy of heart.

2. Unfavorableness; unpropitiousness; as the malignancy of the aspect of planets.

The malignancy of my fate might distemper yours.

Shak.

3. Virulence; tendency to mortification or to a fatal issue; as the malignancy of an ulcer or of a fever.

Malignant

MALIG'NANT, adjective [Latin malignus, maligno, from malus, evil.]

1. Malicious; having extreme malevolence or enmity; as a malignant heart.

2. Unpropitious; exerting pernicious influence; as malignant stars.

Shak.

3. Virulent; as a malignant ulcer.

4. Dangerous to life; as a malignant fever.

5. Extremely hainous; as the malignant nature of sin.

Malignant

MALIG'NANT, noun A man of extreme enmity or evil intentions. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Malignantly

MALIG'NANTLY, adverb Maliciously; with extreme malevolence.

2. With pernicious influence.

Maligner

MALIGNER, noun One who regards or treats another with enmity; a traducer; a defamer.

Swift.

Malignity

MALIG'NITY, noun [Latin malignitas.] Extreme enmity, or evil dispositions of heart towards another; malice without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of heart; deep rooted spite.

2. Virulence; destructive tendency; as the malignity of an ulcer or disease.

3. Extreme evilness of nature; as the malignity of fraud.

4. Extreme sinfulness; enormity or hainousness; as the malignity of sin.

Malignly

MALIGNLY, adverb With extreme ill will.

2. Unpropitiously; perniciously.

Malison

MAL'ISON, noun Malediction. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Malkin

MALKIN, n. maw'kin. A mop; also, a low maid-servant.

Shak.

Mall

MALL, n. maul. [French mail; Spanish mallo; Portugese malho; from Latin malleus.]

1. A large heavy wooden beetle; an instrument for driving any thing with force.

2. A blow. Obs.

Spenser.

Mall

MALL, n. mal. [Armoric mailh. Qu. from a play with mall and ball, or a beaten walk.]

A public walk; a level shaded walk. AllÃƒ-©c d'arbres battue et bordÃƒ-©e.

Gregoire's Armoric Dict.

Mall

MALL, v. t. maul. To beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy; to bruise.

Mallard

MAL'LARD, noun A species of duck of the genus Anas.

Pennant.

Malleability

MALLEABIL'ITY, noun [from malleable.] That quality of bodies which renders them susceptible of extension by beating. It is opposed to friability or brittleness.

Locke.

Malleable

MAL'LEABLE, adjective [French from Latin malleus. See Mall.]

That may be drawn out and extended by beating; capable of extension by the hammer; a quality of metals, particularly of gold.

Newton.

Malleableness

MAL'LEABLENESS, noun Malleability, which see.

Malleate

MAL'LEATE, verb transitive To hammer; to draw into a plate or leaf by beating.

Malleation

MALLEA'TION, noun The act of beating into a plate or leaf, as a metal; extension by beating.

Mallet

MAL'LET, noun [French maillet; Russian molot; Slav. mlat; Latin malleus.]

A wooden hammer or instrument for beating, or for driving pins; particularly used in carpentry, for driving the chisel.

Mallow

MALLOW, or MALLOWS, noun [Saxon malu, mealwe, malwe; French mauve; Latin Spanish Italian malva; Greek, from, soft, mellow, Welsh mall. See Malady.]

A plant of the genus Malva; so called from its emollient qualities.

Marsh-mallows, a plant of the genus Althaea.

Malmsey

MALM'SEY, noun [French malvoisie; Italian malvosio; Spanish marvisia, from Malvasia, in Greece; Latin vinum arvisium.]

The name of a species of grape, and also of a kind of wine.

Malpractice

MALPRAC'TICE, noun [mal and practice.] Evil practice; illegal or immoral conduct; practice contrary to established rules.

Malt

MALT, noun [Saxon mealt; Dutch mout; German malz; Swedish Danish malt. Qu. Welsh mall, soft.]

Barley steeped in water, fermented and dried in a kiln, and thus prepared for brewing into ale or beer.

Malt

MALT, verb transitive To make into malt; as, to malt barley.

Malt

MALT, verb intransitive To become malt.

To house it green will make it malt worse.

Mortimer.

Malt-Drink

MALT'-DRINK, or MALT'-LIQUOR, noun A liquor prepared for drink by an infusion of malt; as beer, ale, porter, &c.

Malt-Dust

MALT'-DUST, noun The grains or remains of malt.

Malt-dust is an enricher of barren land.

Mortimer.

Malt-Floor

MALT'-FLOOR, noun A floor for drying malt.

Mortimer.

Malt-Horse

MALT'-HORSE, noun A horse employed in grinding malt; hence, a dull fellow.

Shak.

Maltman

MALTMAN, or MALTSTER, noun A man whose occupation is to make malt.

Swift.

Maltworm

MALTWORM, noun [malt and worm.] A tipler.

Shak.

Maltalent

MAL'TALENT, noun [Old French] Ill humor. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Maltha

MAL'THA, noun A variety of bitumen, viscid and tenacious, like pitch; unctuous to the touch and exhaling a bituminous odor.

Cleaveland.

Maltreat

MALTRE'AT, verb transitive [mal and treat.] To treat ill; to abuse; to treat roughly, rudely, or with unkindness.

Maltreated

MALTRE'ATED, participle passive Ill treated; abused.

Maltreating

MALTRE'ATING, participle of the present tense Abusing; treating unkindly.

Maltreatment

MALTRE'ATMENT, noun Ill treatment; ill usage; abuse.

Malvaceous

MALVA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin malvaceus, from malva, mallows.] Pertaining to mallows.

Malversation

MALVERSA'TION, noun [Latin male, ill, and versor, to behave.]

Evil conduct; improper or wicked behavior; mean artifices, or fraudulent tricks.

Burke.

Mam

MAM, or MAMM`A, noun [Latin mamma, the breast or pap, and mother; Welsh mam; Armoric mamm; Irish muime, a nurse; Antiq. Greek.]

A familiar word for mother, used by young children.

Mamaluke

MAM'ALUKE, or MAM'ELUKE, noun The military force of Egypt consisted of soldiers called Mamelukes, who were originally mercenaries, but afterwards masters of the country. Their power has been recently annihilated by the present Pashaw of Egypt.

Mammal

MAM'MAL, noun [Latin mamma, the breast.] In zoology, an animal that suckles its young. [See Mammifer.]

Good.

Mammalian

MAMMA'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to the mammals.

Mammalogist

MAMMAL'OGIST, noun One who treats of mammiferous animals.

Mammalogy

MAMMAL'OGY, noun [Latin mamma, breast, and, discourse.]

The science or doctrine of mammiferous animals. [See Mammifer.]

Mammary

MAM'MARY, adjective [See Mamma.] Pertaining to the breasts or paps; as the mammary arteries and veins.

Mammee

MAMMEE', noun A tree of the genus Mammea, of two species, both large Ãƒ-©vergreens produced in hot climates.

Encyc.

Mammet

MAM'MET, noun A puppet; a figure dressed.

Mammifer

MAM'MIFER, noun [Latin mamma, the breast, and fero, to bear.]

An animal which has breasts for nourishing its young. The mammifers have a double system of circulation, red and warm blood; the fetus is nourished in the matrix by means of one or more placentas, and the young by milk secreted by the breasts.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Mammiferous

MAMMIF'EROUS, adjective [supra.] Having breasts and nourishing the young by the milk secreted by them.

Mammiform

MAM'MIFORM, adjective [Latin mamma and form.] Having the shape or form of paps.

Mammillary

MAM'MILLARY, adjective [Latin mamilla.] Pertaining to the paps; resembling a pap; an epithet applied to two small protuberances, like nipples, found under the fore ventricles of the brain, and to a process of the temporal bone.

2. In mineralogy, applied to minerals composed of convex concretions.

Mammillated

MAM'MILLATED, adjective Having small nipples, or little globes like nipples.

Say.

Mammoc

MAM'MOC, noun A shapeless piece. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Mammoc

MAM'MOC, verb transitive To tear in pieces. [Not used.]

Milton.

Mammodis

MAM'MODIS, noun Coarse, plain India muslins.

Mammon

MAM'MON, noun [Syriac] Riches; wealth; or the god of riches.

Ye cannot serve God and mammon. Matthew 6.

Mammonist

MAM'MONIST, noun A person devoted to the acquisition of wealth; one whose affections are placed supremely on riches; a worldling.

Hammond.

Mammoth

MAM'MOTH, noun [Russian mamant, the skeleton of a huge animal, now extinct.]

This name has been given to a huge quadruped, now extinct, whose bones are found on both continents.

Man

MAN, noun plu. men. [Saxon man, mann and mon, mankind, man, a woman, a vassal, also one, any one, like the French on; Gothic manna; Sanscrit man; Dutch man, a man, a husband; mensch, a human being, man, woman, person; German id.; Danish man, menneske; Swedish man, meniskia; Saxon mennesc, human; Icelandic mann, a man, a husband; Welsh mynw, a person, a body, from mwn, that which rises up or stretches out. The primary sense is, form, image, whence species, coinciding probably with the French mine, mien, Armoric man or min, look, aspect, countenance; Chaldee and Hebrew species, kind; Hebrews image, similitude; Syriac, progeny. It is remarkable that in the Icelandic, this word, a little varied, is used in Genesis 1:26, 27. "Og Gud sagde, ver vilium gera mannenn, epter mind og liking vorre." And God said, let us make man after our image and likeness. "Og Gud skapade mannenn epter sinne mind, epter Guds mind skapade hann hann, og han skapade thau karlman og kvinnu." Literally, and God shaped man after his image, after God's image shaped he them, and he shaped them male and female; karlman, male, [See Carle and Churl,] and kvinnu, female, that is queen, woman. Icelandic Bible. Man in its radical sense, agrees almost precisely with Adam, in the Shemitic languages.]

1. Mankind; the human race; the whole species of human beings; beings distinguished from all other animals by the powers of reason and speech, as well as by their shape and dignified aspect. "Os homini sublime dedit."

And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, and let them have dominionÃ‚-- Genesis 1.

Man that is born of a woman, is of few days and full of trouble. Job 14.

My spirit shall not always strive with man. Genesis 6.

I will destroy man whom I have created. Genesis 6.

There hath no temptation taken you, but such as is common to man. 1 Corinthians 10.

It is written, man shall not live by bread alone. Matthew 4.

There must be somewhere such a rank as man.

Pope.

Respecting man, whatever wrong we callÃ‚--

Pope.

But vindicate the ways of God to man.

Pope.

The proper study of mankind is man.

Pope.

In the System of Nature, man is ranked as a distinct genus.

Encyc.

When opposed to woman, man sometimes denotes the male sex in general.

Woman has, in general, much stronger propensity than man to the discharge of parental duties.

Cowper.

2. A male individual of the human race, of adult growth or years.

The king is but a man as I am.

Shak.

And the man dreams but what the boy believed.

Dryden.

3. A male of the human race; used often in compound words, or in the nature of an adjective; as a man-child; men-cooks; men-servants.

4. A servant, or an attendant of the male sex.

I and my man will presently go ride.

Cowley.

5. A word of familiar address.

We speak no treason, man.

Shak.

6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male adult of some uncommon qualifications; particularly, the sense of strength, vigor, bravery, virile powers, or magnanimity, as distinguished from the weakness, timidity or impotence of a boy, or from the narrow mindedness of low bred men.

I dare do all that may become a man.

Shak.

Will reckons he should not have been the man he is, had he not broke windowsÃ‚--

Addison.

So in popular language, it is said, he is no man. Play your part like a man. He has not the spirit of a man.

Thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth. 1 Samuel 17.

7. An individual of the human species.

In matters of equity hetween man and manÃ‚--

Watts.

Under this phraseology, females may be comprehended. So a law restraining man, or every man from a particular act, comprehends women and children, if of competent age to be the subjects of law.

8. Man is sometimes opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast.

9. One who is master of his mental powers, or who conducts himself with his usual judgment. When a person has lost his senses, or acts without his usual judgment, we say, he is not his own man.

Ainsworth.

10. It is sometimes used indefinitely, without reference to a particular individual; any person; one. This is as much as a man can desire.

A man, in an instant, may discover the assertion to be impossible.

More.

This word however is always used in the singular number, referring to an individual. In this respect it does not answer to the French on, nor to the use of man by our Saxon ancestors. In Saxon, man ofsloh, signifies, they slew; man sette ut, they set or fitted out. So in German, man sagt, may be rendered, one says, it is said, they say, or people say. So in Danish, man siger, one says, it is said, they say.

11. In popular usage, a husband.

Every wife ought to answer for her man.

Addison.

12. A movable piece at chess or draughts.

13. In feudal law, a vassal, a liege subject or tenant.

The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his man, from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honor.

Blackstone.

Man of war, a ship of war; an armed ship.

Man-Midwife

MAN-MIDWIFE, noun A man who practices obstetrics.

Man

MAN, verb transitive To furnish with men; as, to man the lines of a fort or fortress; to man a ship or a boat; to man the yards; to man the capstan; to man a prize. It is, however, generally understood to signify, to supply with the full complement or with a sufficient number of men.

2. To guard with men.

Shak.

3. To strengthen; to fortify.

Theodosius having manned his soul with proper reflectionsÃ‚--

Addison.

4. To tame a hawk. [Little used.]

Shak.

5. To furnish with attendants or servants. [Little used.]

Shak. B. Jonson.

6. To point; to aim.

Man but a rush against Othello's breast,

And he retires. [Not used.]

Shak.

Manacle

MAN'ACLE, noun [French manicles; Italian manette; Spanish maniota; Latin manica; from manus, the hand; Welsh man.]

An instrument of iron for fastening the hands; hand-cuffs; shackles. It is generally used in the plural, manacles.

Shak.

Manacle

MAN'ACLE, verb transitive To put on hand-cuffs or other fastening for confining the hands.

2. To shackle; to confine; to restrain the use of the limbs or natural powers.

Is it thus you use this monarch, to manacle him hand and foot?

Arbuthnot.

Manacled

MAN'ACLED, participle passive Hand-cuffed; shackled.

Manacling

MAN'ACLING, participle of the present tense Confining the hands; shackling.

Manage

MAN'AGE, verb transitive [French menager; menage, house, household, house-keeping; Italian maneggiare; Spanish Portugese manejar. The primary sense seems to be to lead.]

1. To conduct; to carry on; to direct the concerns of; as, to manage a farm; to manage the affairs of a family.

What wars I manage, and what wreaths I gain.

Prior.

2. To train or govern, as a horse.

They vault from hunters to the managed steed.

Young.

3. To govern; to control; to make tame or tractable; as, the buffalo is too refractory to be managed.

4. To wield; to move or use in the manner desired; to have under command.

Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be easily managed.

Newton.

5. To make subservient.

Antony managed him to his own views.

Middleton.

6. To husband; to treat with caution or sparingly.

The less he had to lose, the less he car'd

To manage lothesome life, when love was the reward.

Dryden.

7. To treat with caution or judgment; to govern with address.

It was much his interest to manage his protestant subjects.

Addison.

Manage

MAN'AGE, verb intransitive To direct or conduct affairs; to carry on concerns or business.

Leave them to manage for thee.

Dryden.

Manage

MAN'AGE, noun Conduct; administration; as the manage of the state or kingdom. Obs.

Shak.

2. Government; control, as of a horse, or the exercise of riding him.

3. Discipline; governance; direction.

L'Estrange.

4. Use; application or treatment.

Quicksilver will not endure the manage of the fire.

Bacon.

[This word is nearly obsolete in all its applications, unless in reference to horses. We now use management.]

Manageable

MAN'AGEABLE, adjective Easy to be used or directed to its proper purpose; not difficult to be moved or wielded. Heavy cannon are not very manageable.

2. Governable; tractable; that may be controlled; as a manageable horse.

3. That may be made subservient to one's views or designs.

Manageableness

MAN'AGEABLENESS, noun The quality of being easily used, or directed to its proper purpose; as the manageableness of an instrument.

Boyle.

2. Tractableness; the quality of being susceptible of government and control; easiness to be governed.

Managed

MAN'AGED, participle passive Conducted; carried on; trained by discipline; governed; controlled; wielded.

Management

MAN'AGEMENT, noun Conduct; administration; manner of treating, directing or carrying on; as the management of a family or of a farm; the management of state affairs.

2. Cunning practice; conduct directed by art, design or prudence; contrivance.

Mark with what management their tribes divide.

Dryden.

3. Practice; transaction; dealing.

He had great management with ecclesiastics, in the view to be advanced to the pontificate.

Addison.

4. Modulation; variation.

All directions as to the management of the voice, must be regarded as subsidiary to the expression of feeling.

Porter's Analysis.

Manager

MAN'AGER, noun One who has the conduct or direction of any thing; as the manager of a theater; the manager of a lottery, of a ball, &c.

A skilful manager of the rabble.

South.

An artful manager, that crept betweenÃ‚--

Pope.

2. A person who conducts business with economy and frugality; a good husband.

A prince of great aspiring thoughts; in the main, a manager of his treasure.

Temple.

Managery

MAN'AGERY, noun [from manage.] Conduct; direction; administration.

Clarendon.

2. Husbandry; economy; frugality.

Decay of Piety.

3. Manner of using.

Ibm.

[Little used or obsolete in all its applications.]

Managing

MAN'AGING, participle of the present tense Conducting; regulating; directing; governing; wielding.

Manakin

MAN'AKIN, noun The name of a beautiful race of birds found in warm climates.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Manati

MANA'TI, or MANA'TUS, noun The sea-cow, or fish-tailed walrus, an animal of the genus Trichechus, which grows to an enormous size; sometimes it is said, to the length of twenty three feet. Of this animal there are two varieties, the australis, or lamentin, and borealis, or whale-tailed manati. It has fore feet palmated, and furnished with claws, but the hind part ends in a tail like that of a fish. The skin is of a dark color, the eyes small, and instead of teeth, the mouth is furnished with hard bones, extending the whole length of the jaws. [There are eight grinders on each side in each jaw. Cuvier.] It never leaves the water, but frequents the mouths of rivers, feeding on grass that grows in the water.

Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Manation

MANA'TION, noun [Latin manatio, from mano, to flow.]

The act of issuing or flowing out. [Little used.]

Manchet

MAN'CHET, noun A small loaf of fine bread. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Manchineel

MANCHINEE'L, noun [Latin mancanilla.] A tree of the genus Hippomane, growing in the West Indies to the size of a large oak. It abounds in an acrid, milky juice of a poisonous quality. It bears a fruit of the size of a pippin, which, when eaten, causes inflammation in the mouth and throat, pains in the stomach, &c. The wood is valuable for cabinet work.

Encyc.

Mancipate

MAN'CIPATE, verb transitive [Latin mancipo, from manceps, mancipium; manu capio, to take with the hand.]

To enslave; to bind; to restrict. [Little used.]

Hale.

Mancipation

MANCIPA'TION, noun Slavery; involuntary servitude. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Manciple

MAN'CIPLE, noun [Latin manceps; manu capio, supra.]

A steward; an undertaker; a purveyor, particularly of a college.

Johnson.

Mandamus

MANDA'MUS, noun [Latin mando, to command; mandamus, we command. The primary sense is to send.]

In law, a command or writ, issuing from the king's bench in England, and in America, from some of the higher courts, directed to any person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring them to do some act therein specified, which appertains to their office and duty; as to admit or restore a person to an office or franchise, or to an academical degree, or to deliver papers, annex a seal to a paper, &c.

Blackstone.

Mandarin

MANDARIN, noun In China, a magistrate or governor of a province; also, the court language of China.

Mandatary

MAN'DATARY, or MAN'DATORY, noun [French mandataire, from Latin mando, to command.]

1. A person to whom the pope has by his prerogative given a mandate or order for his benefice.

Ayliffe.

2. One to whom a command or charge is given.

Mandate

MAN'DATE, noun [Latin mando, to command.]

1. A command; an order, precept or injunction; a commission.

This dream all powerful Juno sends; I bear

Her mighty mandates, and her words you hear.

Dryden.

2. In canon law, a rescript of the pope, commanding an ordinary collator to put the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice in his collation.

Encyc.

Mandator

MANDA'TOR, noun [Latin] A director.

Ayliffe.

Mandatory

MAN'DATORY, adjective Containing a command; preceptive; directory.

Mandible

MAN'DIBLE, noun [Latin mando, to chew; Welsh mant, a jaw, that which shuts.]

The jaw, the instrument of chewing; applied particularly to fowls.

Mandibular

MANDIB'ULAR, adjective Belonging to the jaw.

Gayton.

Mandil

MAN'DIL, noun [French mandille, from the root of mantle; Welsh mant.] A sort of mantle. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Mandilion

MANDIL'ION, noun [supra.] A soldier's coat; a loose garment.

Ainsworth.

Mandlestone

MAN'DLESTONE, noun [German mandelstein, almond-stone.]

Kernel-stone; almond-stone, called also amygdaloid; a name given to stones or rocks which have kernels enveloped in paste.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Mandment

MANDMENT, for commandment, is not in use.

Mandolin

MAN'DOLIN, noun [Italian mandola.] A cithern or harp. [Not in use.]

Mandrake

MAN'DRAKE, noun [Latin mandragoras; Italian mandragola; French mandragore.]

A plant of the genus Atropa, growing naturally in Spain, Italy and the Levant. It is a narcotic, and its fresh roots are a violent cathartic. Its effect in rendering barren women prolific is supposed to be imaginary.

Encyc.

Mandrel

MAN'DREL, noun An instrument for confining in the lathe the substance to be turned.

Moxon.

Mandrill

MAN'DRILL, noun A species of monkey.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Manducable

MAN'DUCABLE, adjective That can be chewed; fit to be eaten.

Herbert.

Manducate

MAN'DUCATE, verb transitive [Latin mando, whence French manger.] To chew.

Manducated

MAN'DUCATED, participle passive Chewed.

Manducating

MAN'DUCATING, participle of the present tense Chewing; grinding with the teeth.

Manducation

MANDUCA'TION, noun The act of chewing or eating.

Mane

MANE, noun [Dutch maan, mane, and moon; German mÃƒ-¤hne; Swedish man or mahn; Danish man; probably from extending, like man.]

The hair growing on the upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal, usually hanging down on one side.

Maneater

MAN'EATER, noun A human being that feeds on human flesh; a cannibal; an anthropophagite.

Maned

MA'NED, adjective Having a mane.

Manege

MAN'EGE, noun [French] A school for teaching horsemanship, and for training horses.

Manerial

MANERIAL [See Manorial.]

Manes

MA'NES, n. plu. [Latin] The ghost, shade or soul of a deceased person; and among the ancient pagans, the infernal deities.

2. The remains of the dead.

Hail, O ye holy manes!

Dryden.

Maneuver

MANEU'VER, noun [French manoeuvre; main, Latin manus, the hand, and oeuvre, work, Latin opera.]

1. Management; dextrous movement, particularly in an army or navy; any evolution, movement or change of position among companies, battalions, regiments, ships, &c. for the purpose of distributing the forces in the best manner to meet the enemy.

2. Management with address or artful design.

Maneuver

MANEU'VER, verb intransitive To move or change positions among troops or ships, for the purpose of advantageous attack or defense; or in military exercise, for the purpose of discipline.

2. To manage with address or art.

Maneuver

MANEU'VER, verb transitive To change the positions of troops or ships.

Maneuvered

MANEU'VERED, participle passive Moved in position.

Maneuvering

MANEU'VERING, participle of the present tense Changing the position or order for advantageous attack or defense.

Manful

MAN'FUL, adjective [man and full.] Having the spirit of a man; bold; brave; courageous.

2. Noble; honorable.

Manfully

MAN'FULLY, adverb Boldly; courageously; honorably.

Manfulness

MAN'FULNESS, noun Boldness; courageousness.

Mangaby

MAN'GABY, noun A monkey with naked eyelids; the white-eyed monkey.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Manganese

MAN'GANESE, noun A metal of a dusky white, or whitish gray color, very hard and difficult to fuse. It never occurs as a natural product in a metallic state. The substance usually so called is an oxyd of manganese, but not pure.

Cyc. Henry.

Manganesian

MANGANE'SIAN, adjective Pertaining to manganese; consisting of it or partaking of its qualities.

Seybert.

Manganesiate

MANGANE'SIATE, noun A compound of manganesic acid, with a base.

Manganesic

MANGANE'SIC, adjective Obtained from manganese; as the manganesic acid.

Henry.

[Manganic is ill formed.]

Manganesious

MANGANE'SIOUS, adjective Manganesious acid is an acid with a minimum of oxygen.

Henry.

Mangcorn

MANG'CORN, noun [Saxon mengan, to mix, and corn.]

A mixture of wheat and rye, or other species of grain. [Not used in America.]

Mange

MANGE, noun [French mangeaison.] The scab or itch in cattle, dogs and other beasts.

Mangel-Wurzel

MANGEL-WURZEL, noun [German mangel, want, and wurzel, root.]

The root of scarcity, a plant of the beet kind.

Manger

MANGER, noun [French mangeoire, from manger, to eat, Latin mando.]

1. A trough or box in which fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in which horses and cattle are fed.

2. In ships of war, a space across the deck, within the hawse-holes, separated from the after part of the deck, to prevent the water which enters the hawse-holes from running over the deck.

Manger-Board

MANGER-BOARD, noun The bulk-head on a ship's deck that separates the manger from the other part of the deck.

Mar. Dict.

Manginess

MANGINESS, noun [from mangy.] Scabbiness; infection of the mange.

Mangle

MAN'GLE, verb transitive [Dutch mangelen, German mangeln, to want. Qu.]

1. To cut with a dull instrument and tear, or to tear in cutting; to cut in a bungling manner; applied chiefly to the cutting of flesh.

And seized with fear, forgot his mangled meat.

Dryden.

2. To curtail; to take by piece-meal.

Mangle

MAN'GLE, noun [Danish mangle; German mange; Dutch mangel; from Latin mango.]

1. A rolling press or calender for smoothing cloth.

2. A name of the mangrove, which see.

Mangle

MAN'GLE, verb transitive To smooth cloth with a mangle; to calender.

Mangled

MAN'GLED, participle passive Torn in cutting; smoothed with a mangle.

Mangler

MAN'GLER, noun One who tears in cutting; one who uses a mangle.

Mangling

MAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Lacerating in the act of cutting; tearing.

2. Smoothing with a mangle.

Mango

MAN'GO, noun The fruit of the mango tree, a native of the East Indies, of the genus Mangifera. It is brought to us only when pickled. Hence mango is the green fruit of the tree pickled.

Encyc.

2. A green muskmelon pickled.

Mangonel

MAN'GONEL, noun [French mangoneau.] An engine formerly used for throwing stones and battering walls.

Mangonism

MAN'GONISM, noun The art of setting off to advantage. Obs.

Mangonize

MAN'GONIZE, verb transitive To polish for setting off to advantage. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Mangostan

MAN'GOSTAN, or MANGOSTEE'N, noun A tree of the East Indies, of the genus Garcinia, so called from Dr. Garcin, who described it. The tree grows to the highth of 18 feet, and bears fruit of the size of a crab apple, the pulp of which is very delicious food.

Encyc.

Mangrove

MAN'GROVE, noun A tree of the East and West Indies, otherwise called mangle, and of the genus Rhizophora. One species, the black mangle, grows in waters on the sides of rivers. The red mangrove does not grow in water. Its wood is of a deep red color, compact and heavy. The soft part of the bark of the white mangrove is formed into ropes.

Encyc.

2. The name of a fish.

Pennant.

Mangy

MANGY, adjective [from mange.] Scabby; infected with the mange.

Shak.

Manhater

MAN'HATER, noun [man and hate.] One who hates mankind; a misanthrope.

Manhood

MAN'HOOD, noun [man and hood.] The state of one who is a man, of an adult male, or one who is advanced beyond puberty, boyhood or childhood; virility.

2. Virility; as opposed to womanhood.

Dryden.

3. Human nature; as the manhood of Christ.

4. The qualities of a man; courage; bravery; resolution. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Mania

MA'NIA, noun [Latin and Greek] Madness.

Maniable

MAN'IABLE, adjective Manageable; tractable. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Maniac

MA'NIAC, adjective [Latin maniacus.] Mad; raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect.

Grew.

Maniac

MA'NIAC, noun A madman; one raving with madness.

Shenstone.

Maniacal

MANI'ACAL, adjective Affected with madness.

Manichean

MANICHE'AN, adjective Pertaining to the Manichees.

Manichean

MANICHE'AN, or MANICHEE', noun One of a sect in Persia, who maintained that there are two supreme principles, the one good, the other evil, which produce all the happiness and calamities of the world. The first principle, or light, they held to be the author of all good; the second, or darkness, the author of all evil. The founder of the sect was Manes.

Encyc.

Manicheism

MAN'ICHEISM, noun [supra.] The doctrines taught, or system of principles maintained by the Manichees.

Encyc. Milner.

Manichord

MAN'ICHORD, or MANICORD'ON, noun [French manichordion.] A musical instrument in the form of a spinnet, whose strings, like those of the clarichord, are covered with little pieces of cloth to deaden and soften their sounds; whence it is called the dumb spinnet.

Encyc.

Manicon

MAN'ICON, noun A species of nightshade.

Manifest

MAN'IFEST, adjective [Latin manifestus, Irish meanan, plain, clear; minighim, to make smooth, to polish, to explain. Clearness may be from polishing, or from opening, expanding, extending.]

1. Plain; open; clearly visible to the eye or obvious to the understanding; apparent; not obscure or difficult to be seen or understood. From the testimony, the truth we conceive to be manifest.

Thus manifest to sight the god appeared.

Dryden.

That which may be known of God is manifest in them. Romans 1.

2. Detected; with of.

Calistho there stood manifest of shame. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Manifest

MAN'IFEST, noun An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house by the master of the vessel, or the owner or shipper.

Manifest

MAN'IFEST, or MANIFEST'O, noun [Italian manifesto; Latin manifestus, manifest.]

A public declaration, usually of a prince or sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his opinions and motives; as a manifesto declaring the purpose of a prince to begin war, and explaining his motives. [Manifesto only is now used.]

Addison.

Manifest

MAN'IFEST, verb transitive [Latin manifesto.] To reveal; to make to appear; to show plainly; to make public; to disclose to the eye or to the understanding.

Nothing is hid, which shall not be manifested. Mark 4.

He that loveth me, shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself to him. John 4.

Thy life did manifest thou lov'dst me not.

Shak.

2. To display; to exhibit more clearly to the view. The wisdom of God is manifested in the order and harmony of creation.

Manifestation

MANIFESTA'TION, noun The act of disclosing what is secret, unseen or obscure; discovery to the eye or to the understanding; the exhibition of any thing by clear evidence; display; as the manifestation of God's power in creation, or of his benevolence in redemption.

The secret manner in which acts of mercy ought to be performed, requires this public manifestation of them at the great day.

Atterbury.

Manifested

MAN'IFESTED, participle passive Made clear; disclosed; made apparent, obvious or evident.

Manifestible

MANIFEST'IBLE, adjective That may be made evident.

Brown.

Manifesting

MAN'IFESTING, participle of the present tense Showing clearly; making evident; disclosing; displaying.

Bacon.

Manifestly

MAN'IFESTLY, adverb Clearly; evidently; plainly; in a manner to be clearly seen or understood.

Manifestness

MAN'IFESTNESS, noun Clearness to the sight or mind; obviousness.

Manifesto.

MANIFESTO. [See Manifest.]

Manifold

MAN'IFOLD, adjective [many and fold.] Of divers kinds; many in number; numerous; multiplied.

O Lord, how manifold are thy works! Psalm 104.

I know your manifold transgressions. Amos 5.

2. Exhibited or appearing at divers times or in various ways; applied to words in the singular number; as the manifold wisdom of God, or his manifold grace. Ephesians 3:1 Peter 4.

Manifolded

MAN'IFOLDED, adjective Having many doublings or complications; as a manifolded shield. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Manifoldly

MAN'IFOLDLY, adverb In a manifold manner; in many ways.

Sidney.

Manifoldness

MAN'IFOLDNESS, noun Multiplicity.

Sherwood.

Maniglions

MANIG'LIONS, noun In gunnery, two handles on the back of a piece of ordnance, after the German way of casting.

Bailey.

Manikin

MAN'IKIN, noun A little man.

Shak.

Manil

MAN'IL, or MANIL'LA, noun [Spanish manilla, a bracelet, from Latin manus, Spanish mano, the hand.]

A ring or bracelet worn by persons in Africa.

Herbert.

Manioc

MA'NIOC, or MA'NIHOC, or MA'NIHOT, noun A plant of the genus Jatropha, or Cassada plant. It has palmated leaves, with entire lobes.

Encyc.

Manioc is an acrid plant, but from its root is extracted a pleasant nourishing substance, called cassava. This is obtained by grating the root, and pressing out the juice, which is an acrid and noxious poison. The substance is then dried and baked, or roasted on a plate of hot iron.

Fourcroy.

Maniple

MAN'IPLE, noun [Latin manipulus, a handful. Qu. Latin manus and the Teutonic full.]

1. A handful.

2. A small band of soldiers; a word applied only to Roman troops.

3. A fanon, or kind of ornament worn about the arm of a mass priest; or a garment worn by the Romish priests when they officiate.

Spanish Dict.

Manipular

MANIP'ULAR, adjective Pertaining to the maniple.

Manipulation

MANIPULA'TION, noun [French id.; Italian manipolazione, from manipolare, to work with the hand, from Latin manipulus, supra.]

In general, work by hand; manual operation; as in mining, the manner of digging ore; in chimistry, the operation of preparing substances for experiments; in pharmacy, the preparation of drugs.

Mankiller

MAN'KILLER, noun [man and kill.] One who slays a man.

Mankilling

MAN'KILLING, adjective Used to kill men.

Dryden.

Mankind

MANKIND, noun [man and kind. This word admits the accent either on the first or second syllable; the distinction of accent being inconsiderable.]

1. The race or species of human beings.

The proper study of mankind is man.

Pope.

2. A male, or the males of the human race.

Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with womankind. Leviticus 18.

Mankind

MANKIND, adjective Resembling man in form, not woman.

Frobisher.

Manless

MAN'LESS, adjective [man and less.] Destitute of men; not manned; as a boat. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Manlike

MAN'LIKE, adjective Having the proper qualities of a man.

Sidney.

2. Of man's nature.

Milton.

Manliness

MAN'LINESS, noun [from manly.] The qualities of a man; dignity; bravery; boldness.

Locke.

Manling

MAN'LING, noun A little man.

B. Jonson.

Manly

MAN'LY, adjective [man and like.] Manlike; becoming a man; firm; brave; undaunted.

Serene and manly, hardened to sustain

The load of lifeÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. Dignified; noble; stately.

He moves with manly grace.

Dryden.

3. Pertaining to the adult age of man; as a manly voice.

4. Not boyish or womanish; as a manly stride.

Shak.

Manly

MAN'LY, adverb With courage like a man.

Manna

MAN'NA, noun [Arabic mauna, to provide necessaries for one's household, to sustain, to feed them; munahon, provisions for a journey. This seems to be the true original of the word. In Irish, mann is wheat, bread or food. Class Mn. No. 3.]

1. A substance miraculously furnished as food for the Israelites in their journey through the wilderness of Arabia. Exodus 16.

Josephus, Ant. B. iii. 1. considers the Hebrew word man, to signify what. In conformity with this idea, the seventy translate the passage, Exodus 16:15.? what is this? which rendering seems to accord with the following words, for they knew not what it was. And in the Encyclopedia, the translators are charged with making Moses fall into a plain contradiction. Art. Manna. But Christ and his apostles confirm the common version: "Not as your fathers ate manna, and are dead." John 6:58. Hebrews 9.

4. And we have other evidence, that the present version is correct; for in the same chapter, Moses directed Aaron to "take a pot and put a homer full of manna therein." Now it would be strange language to say, put an homer full of what, or what is it. So also verse 35. "The children of Israel ate manna forty years, &c." In both verses, the Hebrew word is the same as in verse 15.

2. In the materia medica, the juice of a certain tree of the ash-kind, the Fraxinus ornus, or flowering ash, a native of Sicily, Calabria, and other parts of the south of Europe. It is either naturally concreted, or exsiccated and purified by art. The best manna is in oblong pieces or flakes of a whitish or pale yellow color, light, friable, and somewhat transparent. It is a mild laxative.

Encyc. Hooper.

Manner

MAN'NER, noun [French maniere; Italian maniera; Spanish manera; Armoric manyell; Dutch German manier; Danish maneer; Swedish maner. This word seems to be allied to French manier, Armoric manea, to handle, from French main, Spanish Italian mano, Portugese mam, Latin manus, the hand.]

1. Form; method; way of performing or executing.

Find thou the manner, and the means prepare.

Dryden.

2. Custom; habitual practice.

Show them the manner of the king that shall reign over them. This will be the manner of the king. 1 Samuel 8.

Paul, as his manner wasÃ‚-- Acts 17.

3. Sort; kind.

Ye tithe mint and rue, and all manner of herbs. Luke 11.

They shall say all manner of evil against you falselyÃ‚-- Matthew 5.

In this application, manner has the sense of a plural word; all sorts or kinds.

4. Certain degree or measure. It is in a manner done already.

The bread is in a manner common. 1 Samuel 21.

This use may also be sometimes defined by sort or fashion; as we say, a thing is done after a sort or fashion, that is, not well, fully or perfectly.

Augustinus does in a manner confess the charge.

Baker.

5. Mien; cast of look; mode.

Air and manner are more expressive than words.

Clarissa.

6. Peculiar way or carriage; distinct mode.

It can hardly be imagined how great a difference was in the humor, disposition and manner of the army under Essex and that under Waller.

Clarendon.

A man's company may be known by his manner of expressing himself.

Swift.

7. Way; mode; of things.

The temptations of prosperity insinuate themselves after a gentle, but very powerful manner.

Atterbury.

8. Way of service or worship.

The nations which thou hast removed and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the god of the landÃ‚-- 2 Kings 7.

9. In painting, the particular habit of a painter in managing colors, lights and shades.

Encyc.

Manner

MAN'NER, verb transitive To instruct in manners.

Shak.

Mannerism

MAN'NERISM, noun Adherence to the same manner; uniformity of manner.

Edin. Rev.

Mannerist

MAN'NERIST, noun An artist who performs his work in one unvaried manner.

Churchill.

Mannerliness

MAN'NERLINESS, noun The quality of being civil and respectful in behavior; civility; complaisance.

Hale.

Mannerly

MAN'NERLY, adjective Decent in external deportment; civil; respectful; complaisant; not rude or vulgar.

What thou think'st meet and is most mannerly.

Shak.

Mannerly

MAN'NERLY, adverb With civility; respectfully; without rudeness.

Shak.

Manners

MAN'NERS, n. plu. Deportment; carriage; behavior; conduct; course of life; in a moral sense.

Evil communications corrupt good manners. 1 Corinthians 15.

2. Ceremonious behavior; civility; decent and respectful deportment.

Shall we, in our applications to the great God, take that to be religion, which the common reason of mankind will not allow to be manners?

South.

3. A bow or courtesy; as, make your manners; a popular use of the word.

Mannish

MAN'NISH, adjective [from man.] Having the appearance of a man; bold; masculine; as a mannish countenance.

A woman impudent and mannish grown.

Shak.

Manometer

MANOM'ETER, noun [Greek, rare, and, measure.]

An instrument to measure or show the alterations in the rarity or density of the air.

Encyc.

Manometrical

MANOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to the manometer; made by the manometer.

Manor

MAN'OR, noun [French manoir, Armoric maner, a country house, or gentleman's seat; Welsh maenan or maenawr, a manor, a district bounded by stones, from maen, a stone. The word in French and Armoric signifies a house, a habitation, as well as a manor; and in this sense, the word would be naturally deducible from Latin maneo, to abide. But the etymology in Welsh is not improbably the true one.]

The land belonging to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a lord or great personage formerly kept in his own hands for the use and subsistence of his family. In these days, a manor rather signifies the jurisdiction and royalty incorporeal, than the land or site; for a man may have a manor in gross, as the law terms it, that is, the right and interest of a court-baron, with the perquisites thereto belonging.

Cowel.

Manor-House

MAN'OR-HOUSE, or MAN'OR-SEAT, noun The house belonging to a manor.

Manorial

MANO'RIAL, or MANE'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a manor.

They have no civil liberty; their children belong not to them, but to their manorial lord.

Tooke.

Manpleaser

MAN'PLEASER, noun [man and pleaser.] One who pleases men, or one who takes uncommon pains to gain the favor of men.

Swift.

Manqueller

MAN'QUELLER, noun [man and quell.] A mankiller; a manslayer; a murderer. [Not used.]

Carew.

Manse

MANSE, n. mans. [Latin mansio, from maneo, to abide.]

1. A house or habitation; particularly, a parsonage house. A capital manse is the manor-house or lord's court.

2. A farm.

Manservant

MAN'SERVANT, noun A male servant.

Mansion

MAN'SION, noun [Latin mansio, from maneo, to dwell.]

1. Any place of residence; a house; a habitation.

Thy mansion wants thee, Adam, rise.

Milton.

In my Father's house are many mansions. John 14.

2. The house of the lord of a manor.

3. Residence; abode.

These poets near our princes sleep,

And in one grave their mansions keep.

Denham.

Mansion

MAN'SION, verb intransitive To dwell; to reside.

Mede.

Mansionary

MAN'SIONARY, adjective Resident; residentiary; as mansionary canons.

Encyc.

Mansion-House

MAN'SION-HOUSE, noun The house in which one resides; an inhabited house.

Blackstone.

Mansionry

MAN'SIONRY, noun A place of residence. [Not used.]

Shak.

Manslaughter

MAN'SLAUGHTER, noun [man and slaughter. See Slay.]

1. In a general sense, the killing of a man or of men; destruction of the human species; murder.

Ascham.

2. In law, the unlawful killing of a man without malice, express or implied. This may be voluntary, upon a sudden heat or excitement of anger; or involuntary, but in the commission of some unlawful act. Manslaughter differs from murder in not proceeding from malice prepense or deliberate, which is essential to constitute murder. It differs from homicide excusable, being done in consequence of some unlawful act, whereas excusable homicide happens in consequence of misadventure.

Blackstone.

Manslayer

MAN'SLAYER, noun One that has slain a human being. The Israelites had cities of refuge for manslayers.

Manstealer

MAN'STEALER, noun One who steals and sells men.

Manstealing

MAN'STEALING, noun The act of stealing a human being.

Mansuete

MAN'SUETE, adjective [Latin mansuetus.] Tame; gentle; not or ferocious. [Little used.]

Ray.

Mansuetude

MAN'SUETUDE, noun [Latin mansuetudo.] Tameness; mildness; gentleness.

Herbert.

Manta

MAN'TA, noun [Spanish manta, a blanket.] A flat fish that is very troublesome to pearlfishers.

Encyc.

Mantel

MANTEL [See Mantle.]

Mantelet

MAN'TELET, or MANT'LET, noun [dim. of mantle.] A small cloke worn by women.

Johnson.

2. In fortification, a kind of movable parapet or penthouse, made of planks, nailed one over another to the highth of almost six feet, cased with tin and set on wheels. In a siege, this is driven before pioneers, to protect them from the enemy's small shot.

Harris.

Mantiger

MANT'IGER, rather mantichor, or manticor, noun [Latin manticora, mantichora, Greek.]

A large monkey or baboon.

Arbuthnot.

Mantle

MAN'TLE, noun [Saxon moentel, mentel; Italian Spanish manto; German, Dutch mantel; Welsh mantell. Qu. Greek, a cloke, from the Persic. In Welsh mant is that which shuts.]

1. A kind of cloke or loose garment to be worn over other garments.

The herald and children are clothed with mantles of satin.

Bacon.

2. A cover.

Well covered with the night's black mantle.

Shak.

3. A cover; that which conceals; as the mantle of charity.

Mantle

MAN'TLE, verb transitive To cloke; to cover; to disguise.

So the rising senses

Begin to chase th'ignorant fumes, that mantle

Their clearer reason.

Shak.

Mantle

MAN'TLE, verb intransitive To expand; to spread.

The swan with arched neck

Between her white wings mantling, rows

Her state with oary feet.

Milton.

2. To joy; to revel.

Johnson.

My frail fancy, fed with full delights,

Doth bathe in bliss, and mantleth most at ease.

Spenser.

[Qu. is not the sense to be covered or wrapped, to rest collected and secure?]

3. To be expanded; to be spread or extended.

He gave the mantling vine to grow,

A trophy to his love.

Fenton.

4. To gather over and form a cover; to collect on the surface, as a covering.

There is a sort of men, whose visages

Do cream and mantle like a standing pond.

Shak.

And the brain dances to the mantling bowl.

Pope.

5. To rush to the face and cover it with a crimson color.

When mantling blood

Flow'd in his lovely cheeks.

Smith.

[Fermentation cannot be deduced from mantling, otherwise than as a secondary sense.]

Mantle

MAN'TLE, or MAN'TLE-TREE, noun The piece of timber or stone in front of a chimney, over the fire-place, resting on the jambs.

Encyc.

[This word, according to Johnson, signifies the work over the fire-place, which we call a mantle-piece.]

Mantle-Piece

MAN'TLE-PIECE, or MAN'TLE-SHELF, noun The work over a fire-place, in front of the chimney.

Mantling

MANT'LING, noun In heraldry, the representation of a mantle, or the drapery of a coat of arms.

Manto

MAN'TO, noun [Italian] A robe; a cloke.

Ricaut.

Mantology

MANTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, divination, and, discourse.]

The act or art of divination or prophesying. [Little used.]

Mantua

MAN'TUA, noun [French manteau. See Mantle.] A lady's gown.

Pope.

Mantua-Maker

MAN'TUA-MAKER, noun One who makes gowns for ladies.

Addison.

Manual

MAN'UAL, adjective [Latin manualis, from manus, the hand, Welsh man.]

1. Performed by the hand; as manual labor or operation.

2. Used or made by the hand; as a deed under the king's sign manual.

Manual

MAN'UAL, noun A small book, such as may be carried in the hand, or conveniently handled; as a manual of laws.

Hale.

2. The service book of the Romish church.

Stilling fleet.

Manual exercise, in the military art, the exercise by which soldiers are taught the use of their muskets and other arms.

Manuary

MAN'UARY, adjective Done by the hand. [Not used.]

Fotherby.

Manubial

MANU'BIAL, adjective [Latin manubialis, from manubioe, spoils.]

Belonging to spoils; taken in war. [Little used.]

Manuduction

MANUDUC'TION, noun [Latin manus, hand, and ductio, a leading.] Guidance by the hand.

Glanville. South.

Manuductor

MANUDUC'TOR, noun [Latin manus, hand, and ductor, a leader.]

An officer in the ancient church, who gave the signal for the choir to sing, who beat time and regulated the music.

Encyc.

Manufactory

MANUFAC'TORY, noun [See Manufacture.] A house or place where goods are manufactured.

Manufactural

MANUFAC'TURAL, adjective Pertaining or relating to manufactures.

Manufacture

MANUFAC'TURE, noun [French from Latin manus, hand, and facio, to make.]

1. The operation of making cloth, wares, utensils, paper, books, and whatever is used by man; the operation of reducing raw materials of any kind into a form suitable for use, by the hands, by art or machinery.

2. Any thing made from raw materials by the hand, by machinery, or by art; as cloths, iron utensils, shoes, cabinet work, sadlery, and the like.

Manufacture

MANUFAC'TURE, verb transitive To make or fabricate from raw materials, by the hand, by art or machinery, and work into forms convenient for use; as, to manufacture cloth, nails, or glass.

2. To work raw materials into suitable forms for use; as, to manufacture wool, cotton, silk or iron.

Manufacture

MANUFAC'TURE, verb intransitive To be occupied in manufactures.

Boswell.

Manufactured

MANUFAC'TURED, participle passive Made from raw materials into forms for use.

Manufacturer

MANUFAC'TURER, noun One who works raw materials into wares suitable for use.

2. One who employs workmen for manufacturing; the owner of a manufactory.

Manufacturing

MANUFAC'TURING, participle of the present tense Making goods and wares from raw materials.

Manumise

MANUMISE, for manumit, not used.

Manumission

MANUMIS'SION, noun [Latin manumissio. See Manumit.]

The act of liberating a slave from bondage, and giving him freedom.

Arbuthnot.

Manumit

MAN'UMIT, verb transitive [Latin manumitto; manus, hand, and mitto, to send.]

To release from slavery; to liberate from personal bondage or servitude; to free, as a slave.

Dryden.

Manumitted

MAN'UMITTED, participle passive Released from slavery.

Manumitting

MAN'UMITTING, participle of the present tense Liberating from personal bondage.

Manurable

MANU'RABLE, adjective [from manure.] That may be cultivated. This, though the original sense, is rarely or never used. The present sense of manure, would give the following signification.

2. That may be manured, or enriched by manure.

Manurage

MANU'RAGE, noun Cultivation. [Not used.]

Warner.

Manurance

MANU'RANCE, noun Cultivation. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Manure

MANU'RE, verb transitive [French manoeuvrer, but in a different sense; Norm. mainoverer, to manure; main, Latin manus, hand, and ouvrer, to work, Latin operor.

1. To cultivate by manual labor; to till. [In this sense not now used.]

Milton.

2. To apply to land any fertilizing matter, as dung, compost, ashes, lime, fish, or any vegetable or animal substance.

3. To fertilize; to enrich with nutritive substances.

The corps of half her senate

Manure the fields of Thessaly.

Addison.

Manure

MANU'RE, noun Any matter which fertilizes land, as the contents of stables and barnyards, marl, ashes, fish, salt, and every kind of animal and vegetable substance applied to land, or capable of furnishing nutriment to plants.

Manured

MANU'RED, participle passive Dressed or overspread with a fertilizing substance.

Manurement

MANU'REMENT, noun Cultivation; improvement. [Little used.]

Warton.

Manurer

MANU'RER, noun One that manures lands.

Manuring

MANU'RING, participle of the present tense Dressing or overspreading land with manure; fertilizing.

Manuring

MANU'RING, noun A dressing or spread of manure on land.

Mitford.

Manuscript

MAN'USCRIPT, noun [Latin manu scriptum, written with the hand; Italian manuscritto; French manuscrit.]

A book or paper written with the hand or pen.

Manuscript

MAN'USCRIPT, adjective Written with the hand; not printed.

Manutenency

MANUTEN'ENCY, noun Maintenance. [Not in use.]

Sancroft.

Many

MANY, a. men'ny. [Saxon moeneg, maneg, or menig; Dutch menig; German mancher; Danish mange; Swedish m?nge; Saxon menigeo, a multitude; Gothic manags, many; managei, a multitude; Russian mnogei, many; mnoju, to multiply. It has no variation to express degrees of comparison; more and most, which are used for the comparative and superlative degrees, are from a different root.]

1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.

Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Genesis 17.

Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Corinthians 1.

Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalm 34.

It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number. As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.

So many laws argue so many sins.

Milton.

It is also followed by as.

As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Exodus 34.

It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.

Full many a gem of purest ray serene.

Gray.

2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.

L'Estrange.

Many

MANY, n. men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.

O thou fond many.

Shak.

The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.

South.

Many

MANY, n. men'ny. [Norm. French meignee.] A retinue of servants; household. Obs.

Chaucer.

Many-Cleft

MANY-CLEFT', adjective Multifid; having many fissures.

Martyn.

Many-Colored

MANY-COL'ORED, adjective Having many colors or hues.

Pope.

Many-Cornered

MANY-COR'NERED, adjective Having many corners, or more than twelve; polygonal.

Dryden.

Many-Flowered

MANY-FLOW'ERED, adjective Having many flowers.

Martyn.

Many-Headed

MANY-HEAD'ED, adjective Having many heads; as a many-headed monster; many-headed tyranny.

Dryden.

Many-Languaged

MANY-LAN'GUAGED, adjective Having many languages.

Pope.

Many-Leaved

MANY-LE'AVED, adjective Polyphyllous; having many leaves.

Martyn.

Many-Mastered

MANY-M`ASTERED, adjective Having many masters.

J. Barlow.

Many-Parted

MANY-P`ARTED, adjective Multipartite; divided into several parts; as a corol.

Martyn.

Many-Peopled

MANY-PE'OPLED, adjective Having a numerous population.

Sandys.

Many-Petaled

MANY-PET'ALED, adjective Having many petals.

Martyn.

Many-Twinkling

MANY-TWINK'LING, adjective Variously twinkling or gleaming.

Gray.

Many-Valved

MANY-VALV'ED, adjective Multivalvular; having many valves.

Martyn.

Map

MAP, noun [Spanish mapa; Portugese mappa; Italian mappamonda. Qu. Latin mappa, a cloth or towel, a Punic word; Rabbinic. Maps may have been originally drawn on cloth.]

A representation of the surface of the earth or of any part of it, drawn on paper or other material, exhibiting the lines of latitude and longitude, and the positions of countries, kingdoms, states, mountains, rivers, &c. A map of the earth, or of a large portion of it, comprehends a representation of land and water; but a representation of a continent or any portion of land only, is properly a map, and a representation of the ocean only or any portion of it, is called a chart. We say, a map of England, of France, of Europe; but a chart of the Atlantic, of the Pacific, &c.

Map

MAP, verb transitive To draw or delineate, as the figure of any portion of land.

Shak.

Maple

MA'PLE, or MA'PLE-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Acer, of several species. Of the sap of the rock maple, sugar is made in America, in great quantities, by evaporation.

Maple-Sugar

MAPLE-SU'GAR, noun Sugar obtained by evaporation from the juice of the rock maple.

Mappery

MAP'PERY, noun [from map.] The art of planning and designing maps.

Shak.

Mar

M`AR, verb transitive [Saxon merran, mirran, myrran, amyrran, to err, to deviate, to hinder, to lose, scatter or waste, to draw from or mislead, to corrupt or deprave; Spanish marrar, to deviate from truth and justice; marro, want, defect; Irish mearaighim; Greek, [qu. Greek, Latin marceo;] Italian smarrire, to miss, to lose; smarrimento, a wandering.]

1. To injure by cutting off a part, or by wounding and making defective; as, to mar a tree by incision.

I pray you, mar no more trees by writing songs in their barks.

Shak.

Neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard. Leviticus 19.

2. To injure; to hurt; to impair the strength or purity of.

When brewers mar their malt with water.

Shak.

3. To injure; to diminish; to interrupt.

But mirth is marred, and the good cheer is lost.

Dryden.

4. To injure; to deform; to disfigure.

Ire, envy and despair

Marr'd all his borrow'd visage.

Milton.

His visage was so marred more than any man. Isaiah 52.

Moral evil alone mars the intellectual works of God.

Buckminster.

[This word is not obsolete in America.]

Mar

MAR, in nightmar. [See Nightmar.]

Mar

M`AR, noun An injury. Obs.

2. A lake. [See Mere.]

Maracan

MAR'ACAN, noun A species of parrot in Brazil.

Maracock

MAR'ACOCK, noun A plant of the genus Passiflora.

Maranatha

MARANA'THA, noun [Syriac.] The Lord comes or has come; a word used by the apostle Paul in expressing a curse. This word was used in anathematizing persons for great crimes; as much as to say, "may the Lord come quickly to take vengeance on thee for thy crimes."

Calmet.

Maranon

MAR'ANON, noun The proper name of a river in South America, the largest in the world; most absurdly called Amazon.

Garcilasso.

Marasmus

MARAS'MUS, noun [Greek, from, to cause to pine or waste away.]

Atrophy; a wasting of flesh without fever or apparent disease; a kind of consumption.

Coxe. Encyc.

Maraud

MARAUD', verb intransitive [French maraud, a rascal; Ethiopic marad, to hurry, to run. The Hebrew to rebel, may be the same word differently applied. Class Mr. No. 22. The Danish has the word in maroder, a robber in war, a corsair. So corsair is from Latin cursus, curro.]

To rove in quest of plunder; to make an excursion for booty; to plunder.

Marauder

MARAUD'ER, noun A rover in quest of booty or plunder; a plunderer; usually applied to small parties of soldiers.

Marauding

MARAUD'ING, participle of the present tense Roving in search of plunder.

Marauding

MARAUD'ING, noun A roving for plunder; a plundering by invaders.

Maravedi

MARAVE'DI, noun A small copper coin of Spain, equal to three mills American money, less than a farthing sterling.

Marble

M`ARBLE, noun [French marbre; Spanish marmol; Italian marmo; Latin marmor; Greek, white.]

1. The popular name of any species of calcarious stone or mineral, of a compact texture, and of a beautiful appearance, susceptible of a good polish. The varieties are numerous, and greatly diversified in color. Marble is limestone, or a stone which may be calcined to lime, a carbonate of lime; but limestone is a more general name, comprehending the calcarious stones of an inferior texture, as well as those which admit a fine polish. Marble is much used for statues, busts, pillars, chimney pieces, monuments, &c.

2. A little ball of marble or other stone, used by children in play.

3. A stone remarkable for some inscription or sculpture.

Arundel marbles, or Arundelian marbles, marble pieces with a chronicle of the city of Athens inscribed on them; presented to the university of Oxford, by Thomas, earl of Arundel.

Encyc.

Marble

M`ARBLE, adjective Made of marble; as a marble pillar.

2. Variegated in color; stained or veined like marble; as the marble cover of a book.

3. Hard; insensible; as a marble heart.

Marble

M`ARBLE, verb transitive To variegate in color; to cloud; to stain or vein like marble; as, to marble the cover of a book.

Marbled

M`ARBLED, participle passive Diversified in color; veined like marble.

Marble-Hearted

M`ARBLE-HE`ARTED, adjective Having a heart like marble; hard hearted; cruel; insensible; incapable of being moved by pity, love or sympathy.

Shak.

Marbling

M`ARBLING, participle of the present tense Variegating in colors; clouding or veining like marble.

Marbling

M`ARBLING, noun The art or practice of variegating in color, in imitation of marble.

Marcasite

M`ARCASITE, noun [Italian marcassita; French marcassite.]

A name which has been given to all sorts of minerals, to ores, pyrites, and semi-metals. It is now obsolete.

Nicholson. Hill. Encyc.

Marcasitic

MARCASIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to marcasite; of the nature of marcasite.

Encyc.

Marcescent

MARCES'CENT, adjective [Latin marcescens, marcesco.] Withering; fading; decaying.

Marcessible

MARCES'SIBLE, adjective That may wither; liable to decay.

March

M`ARCH, noun [Latin Mars, the god of war.] The third month of the year.

March

M`ARCH, verb intransitive To border on; to be contiguous to. Obs.

Gower.

March

M`ARCH, verb intransitive [French marcher; Spanish Portugese marchar; German marschiren; Italian marciare, to march, to putrefy, Latin marceo, Greek; Basque, mariatu, to rot. The senses of the Italian word unite in that of passing, departing. See Mar.]

1. To move by steps and in order, as soldiers; to move in a military manner. We say, the army marched, or the troops marched.

2. To walk in a grave, deliberate or stately manner.

Like thee, great son of Jove, like thee,

When clad in rising majesty,

Thou marchest down o'er Delos' hills.

Prior.

March

M`ARCH, verb transitive To cause to move, as an army. Buonaparte marched an immense army to Moscow, but he did not march them back to France.

2. To cause to move in order or regular procession.

Prior.

March

M`ARCH, noun [French marche; Italian marzo; Dutch mark; German marsch.]

1. The walk or movement of soldiers in order, whether infantry or cavalry. The troops were fatigued with a long march.

2. A grave, deliberate or solemn walk.

The long majestic march.

Pope.

3. A slow or laborious walk.

Addison.

4. A signal to move; a particular beat of the drum.

Knolles.

5. Movement; progression; advance; as the march of reason; the march of mind.

Marcher

M`ARCHER, noun The lord or officer who defended the marches or borders of a territory.

Davies.

Marches

M`ARCHES, n. plu. [Saxon mearc; Gothic marka; French marches; Dutch mark; Basque,

marra. It is radically the same word as mark and march.]

Borders; limits; confines; as lord of the marches.

England.

Marching

M`ARCHING, participle of the present tense Moving or walking in order or in a stately manner.

Marching

M`ARCHING, noun Military movement; passage of troops.

Marchioness

M`ARCHIONESS, noun The wife or widow of a marquis; or a female having the rank and dignity of a marquis.

Spelman.

Marchpane

M`ARCHPANE, noun [French massepain; Latin panis, bread.]

A kind of sweet bread or biscuit. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Marcid

M`ARCID, adjective [Latin marcidus, from marceo, to pine.]

Pining; wasted away; lean; withered.

Dryden.

Marcor

M`ARCOR, noun [Latin] The state of withering or wasting; leanness; waste of flesh. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Mare

MARE, noun [Saxon myra; German mahre.] The female of the horse, or equine genus of quadrupeds.

2. [Saxon mara, Dutch merrie, the name of a spirit imagined by the nations of the north of Europe to torment persons in sleep.] A kind of torpor or stagnation which seems to press the stomach in sleep; the incubus. [It is now used only in the compound, nightmare, which ought to be written nightmar.]

Mareca

MAR'ECA, noun A species of duck in South America.

Marena

MARE'NA, noun A kind of fish somewhat like a pilchard.

Mareschal

M`ARESCHAL, n. m`arshal. [French marechal; Dutch German marschalk; Danish marskalk, composed of Welsh marc, a horse, and the Teutonic soalk or skalk, schalk, a servant. This word is now written marshal, which see.] The chief commander of an army.

Prior.

Margarate

M`ARGARATE, noun [Latin margarita, a pearl, from the Greek.]

In chimistry, a compound of margaric acid with a base.

Margaric

MARGAR'IC, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to pearl. The margaric acid is obtained by digesting soap made of hog's lard and potash, in water. It appears in the form of pearly scales.

Cyc.

Margarin

M`ARGARIN, or M`ARGARINE, noun A peculiar pearl-like substance, extracted from hog's lard; called also margarite and margaric acid.

Silliman.

Margarite

M`ARGARITE, noun A pearl.

Peacham.

2. Margaric acid.

3. A mineral of a grayish white color found in Tyrol.

Phillips.

Margay

M`ARGAY, noun An American animal of the cat kind.

Margin

M`ARGIN, noun [formerly marge or margent. French marge; Armoric marz; Italian margine; Spanish margen; Latin margo; Danish marg. It coincides in elements with marches.]

1. A border; edge; brink; verge; as the margin of a river or lake.

2. The edge of the leaf or page of a book, left blank or filled with notes.

3. The edge of a wound.

4. In botany, the edge of a leaf.

Lee.

Margin

M`ARGIN, verb transitive to furnish with a margin; to border.

2. To enter in the margin.

Marginal

M`ARGINAL, adjective Pertaining to a margin.

2. Written or printed in the margin; as a marginal note or gloss.

Marginally

M`ARGINALLY, adverb In the margin of a book.

Marginated

M`ARGINATED, adjective Having a margin.

Margode

M`ARGODE, noun A bluish gray stone, resembling clay in external appearance, but so hard as to cut spars and zeolites.

Nicholson.

Margot

M`ARGOT, noun A fish of the perch kind, found in the waters of Carolina.

Pennant.

Margrave

M'ARGRAVE, noun [Dutch markgraff; German markgraf; Danish margraeve; compounded of mark, march, a border, and graff, graf or grave, an earl or count. See Reeve and Sheriff.] Originally, a lord or keeper of the marches or borders; now a title of nobility in Germany, &c.

Margraviate

MARGRA'VIATE, noun The territory or jurisdiction of a margrave.

Mariets

MAR'IETS, noun A kind of violet, [violae marianae.]

Marigenous

MARIG'ENOUS, adjective [Latin mare, the sea, and gigno, to produce.] Produced in or by the sea.

Kirwan.

Marigold

MAR'IGOLD, noun [It is called in Welsh gold, which is said to be from gol, going round or covering. In Dutch it is called goudsbloem, gold-flower; in German ringelblume, ring-flower; in Danish guldblomst, gold-flower.]

A plant of the genus Calendula, bearing a yellow flower. There are several plants of different genera bearing this name; as the African marigold, of the genus Tagetes; corn-marigold, of the genus Chrysanthemum; fig-marigold, of the genus Mesembryanthemum; marsh-marigold, of the genus Caltha.

Marikin

MAR'IKIN, noun A species of monkey having a mane.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Marinate

MAR'INATE, verb transitive [French mariner, from marine.]

To salt or pickle fish, and then preserve them in oil or vinegar. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Marine

MARINE, adjective [French from Latin marinus, from mare, the sea, Welsh mor. The seven lakes within the Delta Venetum were formerly called septem maria, and mare may signify a stand of water.]

1. Pertaining to the sea; as marine productions or bodies; marine shells.

2. Transacted at sea; done on the ocean; as a marine engagenent.

3. Doing duty on the sea; as a marine officer; marine forces.

Marine

MARINE, noun A soldier that serves on board of a ship in naval engagements. In the plural, marines, a body of troops trained to do military service on board of ships.

2. The whole navy of a kingdom or state.

Hamilton.

3. The whole economy of naval affairs, comprehending the building, rigging, equipping, navigating and management of ships of war in engagements.

Mariner

MAR'INER, noun [French marinier, from Latin mare, the sea.]

A seaman or sailor; one whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships.

Mariput

MAR'IPUT, noun The zoril, an animal of the skunk tribe.

Marish

MAR'ISH, noun [French marais; Saxon mersc; Dutch moeras; German morast; from Latin mare, Welsh mor, the sea.]

Low ground, wet or covered with water and coarse grass; a fen; a bog; a moor. It is now written marsh, which see.

Sandys. Milton.

Marish

MAR'ISH, adjective Moory; fenny; boggy.

Bacon.

Marital

MAR'ITAL, adjective [French from Latin maritus, French mari, a husband.] Pertaining to a husband.

Ayliffe.

Maritime

MAR'ITIME, adjective [Latin maritimus, from mare, the sea.]

1. Relating or pertaining to the sea or ocean; as maritime affairs.

2. Performed on the sea; naval; as maritime service.

3. Bordering on the sea; as a maritime coast.

4. Situated near the sea; as maritime towns.

5. Having a navy and commerce by sea; as maritime powers.

Maritimal is not now used.

[Note. We never say, a maritime body, a maritime shell or production, a maritime officer or engagement, a maritime league. See Marine.]

Marjoram

M`ARJORAM, noun [French marjolaine; Italian margorana; German majoran; Dutch mariolien; Spanish mejorana; Armoric marjol; Portugese mangerona.]

A plant of the genus Origanum, of several species. The sweet marjoram is peculiarly aromatic and fragrant, and much used in cookery. The Spanish marjoram is of the genus Urtica.

Fam. of Plants.

Mark

M`ARK, noun [Saxon marc, mearc; Dutch merk; German marke; Danish moerke; Swedish m?rke; Welsh marc; French marque; Armoric mercq; Spanish Portugese Italian marca; Sanscrit marcca. The word coincides in elements with march, and with marches, borders, the utmost extent, and with market, and Latin mercor, the primary sense of which is to go, to pass; as we see by the Greek, from, to pass, fair, and fare. Thus in Dutch, mark signifies a mark, a boundary, and a march. Class Mr. No. 7. Arabic]

1. A visible line made by drawing one substance on another; as a mark made by chalk or charcoal, or a pen.

2. A line, groove or depression made by stamping or cutting; an incision; a channel or impression; as the mark of a chisel, of a stamp, of a rod or whip; the mark of the finger or foot.

3. Any note or sign of distinction.

The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. 4.

4. Any visible effect of force or agency.

There are scarce any marks left of a subterraneous fire.

Addison.

5. Any apparent or intelligible effect; proof, evidence.

The confusion of tongues was a mark of separation.

Bacon.

6. Notice taken.

The laws

Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop,

As much for mock as mark.

Shak.

7. Any thing to which a missile weapon may be directed.

France was a fairer mark to shoot at than Ireland.

Davies.

8. Any object used as a guide, or to which the mind may be directed. The dome of the State house in Boston is a good mark for seamen.

9. Any thing visible by which knowledge of something may be obtained; indication; as the marks of age in a horse. Civility is a mark of politeness or respect. Levity is a mark of weakness.

10. A character made by a person who cannot write his name, and intended as a substitute for it.

11. [French marc, Spanish marco.] A weight of certain commodities, but particularly of gold and silver, used in several states of Europe; in Great Britain, a money of account, equal to thirteen shillings and four pence. In some countries, it is a coin.

12. A license of reprisals. [See Marque.]

Mark

M'ARK, verb transitive [Saxon mearcian; Dutch merken; German marken; Danish moerker; Swedish m?rka; French marquer; Armoric mercqa; Portugese and Spanish marcar; Italian marcare; Welsh marciaw.]

1. To draw or make a visible line or character with any substance; as, to mark with chalk or with compasses.

2. To stamp; to impress; to make a visible impression, figure or indenture; as, to mark a sheep with a brand.

3. To make an incision; to lop off a part; to make any sign of distinction; as, to mark sheep or cattle by cuts in their ears.

4. To form a name or the initials of a name for distinction; as, to mark cloth; to mark a handkerchief.

5. To notice; to take particular observation of.

Mark them who cause divisions and offenses. Romans 16.

Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace. Psalm 37.

6. To heed; to regard.

Smith.

To mark out, to notify, as by a mark; to point out; to designate. The ringleaders were marked out for seizure and punishment.

Mark

M'ARK, verb intransitive To note; to observe critically; to take particular notice; to remark.

Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh mischief. 1 Kings 20.

Markable

M'ARKABLE, adjective Remarkable. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Marked

M'ARKED, participle passive Impressed with any note or figure of distinction; noted; distinguished by some character.

Marker

M'ARKER, noun One who puts a mark on any thing.

2. One that notes or takes notice.

Market

M'ARKET, noun [Dutch German markt; Danish marked; French marchÃƒ-¨; Armoric marchad; Italian mercato; Spanish Portugese mercado; Latin mercatus, from mercor, to buy; Welsh marcnat; Irish margadh. See Mark.]

1. A public place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle are exposed to sale; an appointed place for selling and buying at private sale, as distinguished from an auction.

2. A public building in which provisions are exposed to sale; a market-house.

3. Sale; the exchange of provisions or goods for money; purchase or rate of purchase and sale. The seller says he comes to a bad market, when the buyer says he comes to a good market. We say, the markets are low or high; by which we understand the price or rate of purchase. We say that commodities find a quick or ready market; markets are dull. We are not able to find a market for our goods or provisions.

4. Place of sale; as the British market; the American market.

5. The privilege of keeping a public market.

Market

M`ARKET, verb intransitive To deal in market; to buy or sell; to make bargains for provisions or goods.

Market-Bell

M`ARKET-BELL, noun The bell that gives notice of the time or day of market.

Market-Cross

M`ARKET-CROSS, noun A cross set up where a market is held.

Market-Day

M`ARKET-DAY, noun The day of a public market.

Market-Folks

M`ARKET-FOLKS, noun People that come to the market.

Shak.

Market-House

M`ARKET-HOUSE, noun A building for a public market.

Market-Maid

M'ARKET-MAID, noun A woman that brings things to market.

Market-Man

M`ARKET-MAN, noun A man that brings things to market.

Market-Place

M`ARKET-PLACE, noun The place where provisions or goods are exposed to sale.

Market-Price

M`ARKET-PRICE, or M`ARKET-RATE, noun The current price of commodities at any given time.

Market-Town

M`ARKET-TOWN, noun A town that has the privilege of a stated public market.

Market-Woman

M`ARKET-WOMAN, noun A woman that brings things to market or that attends a market for selling any thing.

Marketable

M`ARKETABLE, adjective That may be sold; salable.

Shak.

2. Current in market; as marketable value.

Locke. Edwards.

Marksman

M`ARKSMAN, noun [Mark and man.] One that is skillful to hit a mark; he that shoots well.

Shak. Dryden.

2. One who, not able to write, makes his mark instead of his name.

Marl

M`ARL, noun [Welsh marl; Dutch Swedish Danish German mergel; Latin Spanish Italian marga; Irish marla; Armoric marg. It seems to be allied to Saxon merg, mearh; Dutch merg, marrow, and to be named from its softness; Ethiopic clay, gypsum, or mortar. See Marrow.]

A species of calcarious earth, of different composition, being united with clay or fuller's earth. In a crude state, it effervesces with acids. It is found loose and friable, or more or less indurated. It possesses fertilizing properties and is much used for manure.

Marl is composed of carbonate of lime and clay in various proportions.

Cleaveland.

Marl

M`ARL, verb transitive To overspread or manure with marl.

2. To fasten with marline.

Ainsworth.

Marlaceous

MARLA'CEOUS, adjective Resembling marl; partaking of the qualities of marl.

Marline

M`ARLINE, noun [Spanish merlin; Portugese merlim.]

A small line composed of two strands little twisted, and either tarred or white; used for winding round ropes and cables, to prevent their being fretted by the blocks, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Marline

M`ARLINE, verb transitive To wind marline round a rope.

Marline-Spike

M`ARLINE-SPIKE, noun A small iron like a large spike, used to open the bolt rope when the sail is to be sewed to it, &c.

Bailey.

Marling

M`ARLING, noun The act of winding a small line about a rope, to prevent its being galled.

Marlite

M`ARLITE, noun A variety of marl.

Kirwan.

Marlitic

MARLIT'IC, adjective Partaking of the qualities of marlite.

Marlpit

M`ARLPIT, noun A pit where marl is dug.

Woodward.

Marly

M`ARLY, adjective Consisting in or partaking of marl.

2. Resembling marl.

Mortimer.

3. Abounding with marl.

Marmalade

M`ARMALADE, noun [French marmelade; Spanish mermelada; Portugese marmelada, from marmelo, a quince, Latin melo, or Spanish melado, like honey, Latin mel.]

The pulp of quinces boiled into a consistence with sugar, or a confection of plums, apricots, quinces, &c. boiled with sugar. In Scotland, it is made of Seville oranges and sugar only.

Quincy. Encyc.

Marmalite

M`ARMALITE, noun [Greek, to shine.]

A mineral of a pearly or metallic luster; a hydrate of magnesia.

Nuttall.

Marmoraceous

MARMORA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to or like marble. [See Marmorean, the more legitimate word.]

Marmorated

M`ARMORATED, adjective [Latin marmor, marble.] Covered with marble. [Little used.]

Marmoration

MARMORA'TION, noun A covering or incrusting with marble. [Little used.]

Marmorean

MARMO'REAN, adjective [Latin marmoreus.] Pertaining to marble.

2. Made of marble.

Marmose

M`ARMOSE, noun An animal resembling the opossum, but less. Instead of a bag, this animal has two longitudinal folds near the thighs, which serve to inclose the young.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Marmoset

M`ARMOSET, noun A small monkey.

Shak.

Marmot

M`ARMOT, noun [Italian marmotta.] A quadruped of the genus Arctomys, allied to the murine tribe. It is about the size of the rabbit, and inhabits the higher region of the Alps and Pyrenees. The name is also given to other species of the genus. The woodchuck of North America is called the Maryland marmot.

Ed. Encyc.

Maroon

MAROON', noun A name given to free blacks living on the mountains in the West India isles.

Maroon

MAROON', verb transitive To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle, under pretence of his having committed some great crime.

Encyc.

Marque

M`ARQUE, or M`ARK, noun [French] Letters of marque are letters of reprisal; a license or extraordinary commission granted by a sovereign of one state to his subjects, to make reprisals at sea on the subjects of another, under pretense of indemnification for injuries received. Marque is said to be from the same root as marches, limits, frontiers, and literally to denote a license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction on land, for the purpose of obtaining satisfaction for theft by seizing the property of the subjects of a foreign nation. I can give no better account of the origin of this word.

Lunier.

2. The ship commissioned for making reprisals.

Marquetry

M`ARQUETRY, noun [French marqueterie, from marque, marqueter, to spot.]

Inlaid work; work inlaid with variegations of fine wood, shells, ivory and the like.

Marquis

M`ARQUIS, noun [French id.; Spanish marques; Italian marchese; from march, marches, limits See Marches.]

A title of honor in Great Britain, next to that of duke. Originally, the marquis was an officer whose duty was to guard the marches or frontiers of the kingdom. The office has ceased, and marquis is now a mere title conferred by patent.

Encyc.

Marquis

M`ARQUIS, noun A marchioness. Obs.

Shak.

Marquisate

M`ARQUISATE, noun The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of a marquis.

Marrer

M`ARRER, noun [from mar.] One that mars, hurts or impairs.

Ascham.

Marriable

MARRIABLE, for marriageable. [Not used.]

Marriage

MAR'RIAGE, noun [French mariage, from marier, to marry, from mari, a husband; Latin mas, maris; Spanish maridage.]

The act of uniting a man and woman for life; wedlock; the legal union of a man and woman for life. Marriage is a contract both civil and religious, by which the parties engage to live together in mutual affection and fidelity, till death shall separate them. Marriage was instituted by God himself for the purpose of preventing the promiscuous intercourse of the sexes, for promoting domestic felicity, and for securing the maintenance and education of children.

Marriage is honorable in all and the bed undefiled. Hebrews 13.

2. A feast made on the occasion of a marriage.

The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king, who made a marriage for his son. Matthew 22.

3. In a scriptural sense, the union between Christ and his church by the covenant of grace. Revelation 19.

Marriageable

MAR'RIAGEABLE, adjective Of an age suitable for marriage; fit to be married. Young persons are marriageable at an earlier age in warm climates than in cold.

2. Capable of union.

Milton.

Marriage-Articles

MAR'RIAGE-ARTICLES, noun Contract or agreement on which a marriage is founded.

Married

MAR'RIED, participle passive [from marry.] United in wedlock.

2. adjective Conjugal; connubial; as the married state.

Marrow

MAR'ROW, noun [Saxon merg, mearh; Dutch merg; German mark; Danish marv; Swedish m?rg; Cornish maru; Irish smir and smear; Welsh mÃƒ-ªr, marrow; Chaldee mera, to make fat; Arabic to be manly. See Marl.]

1. A soft oleaginous substance contained in the cavities of animal bones.

2. The essence; the best part.

3. In the Scottish dialect, a companion; fellow; associate; match.

Tusser.

Marrow

MAR'ROW, verb transitive To fill with marrow or with fat; to glut.

Marrow-Bone

MAR'ROW-BONE, noun A bone containing marrow, or boiled for its marrow.

L'Estrange.

2. The bone of the knee; in ludicrous language.

Dryden.

Marrowfat

MAR'ROWFAT, noun A kind of rich pea.

Marrowish

MAR'ROWISH, adjective Of the nature of marrow.

Burton.

Marrowless

MAR'ROWLESS, adjective Destitute of marrow.

Shak.

Marrowy

MAR'ROWY, adjective Full of marrow; pithy.

Marry

MAR'RY, verb transitive [French marier, from mari, a husband; Latin mas, maris, a male; Finnish, mari or mord, id.; Arabic mara, to be manly, masculine, brave; whence its derivatives, a man, Latin vir, a husband, a lord or master. See also Ludolf, Ethiopic Lex. Col. 68.]

1. To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to join a man and woman for life, and constitute them man and wife according to the laws or customs of a nation. By the laws, ordained clergymen have a right to marry persons within certain limits prescribed.

Tell him he shall marry the couple himself.

Gay.

2. To dispose of in wedlock.

Mecaenas told Augustus he must either marry his daughter Julia to Agrippa, or take away his life.

Bacon.

[In this sense, it is properly applicable to females only.]

3. To take for husband or wife. We say, a man marries a woman; or a woman marries a man. The first was the original sense, but both are now well authorized.

4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in the closest connection.

Turn, O backsliding children, saith Jehovah, for I am married to you. Jeremiah 3.

Marry

MAR'RY, verb intransitive To enter into the conjugal state; to unite as husband and wife; to take a husband or a wife.

If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry. Matthew 19.

I will therefore that the younger women marry. I Timothy 5.

Marry

MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to have been derived from the practice of swearing by the virgin Mary. It is obsolete.

Mars

M`ARS, noun In mythology, the god of war; in modern usage, a planet; and in the old chimistry, a term for iron.

Marsh

M`ARSH, noun [Saxon mersc; French marais; Dutch moeras; German morast. It was formerly written marish, directly from the French. We have morass from the Teutonic. See Moor.]

A tract of low land, usually or occasionally covered with water, or very wet and miry, and overgrown with coarse grass or with detached clumps of sedge; a fen. It differs from swamp, which is merely moist or spungy land, but often producing valuable crops of grass. Low land occasionally overflowed by the tides, is called salt marsh.

Marsh-Elder

M`ARSH-EL'DER, noun The gelder rose, a species of Viburnum.

Lee.

Marsh-Mallow

M`ARSH-MAL'LOW, noun A plant of the genus Althaea.

Marsh-Marigold

M`ARSH-MAR'IGOLD, noun A plant of the genus Caltha.

Marsh-Rocket

M`ARSH-ROCK'ET, noun A species of water cresses.

Johnson.

Marshal

M`ARSHAL, noun [French marechal; Dutch German marschalk; Danish marshalk; compounded of Welsh marc, a horse, and Teut. scealc, or schalk, or skalk, a servant. The latter word now signifies a rogue. In Celtic, scal or scalc signified a man, boy, or servant. In French marechal, Spanish mariscal, signify a marshal, and a farrier.] Originally, an officer who had the care of horses; a groom. In more modern usage,

1. The chief officer of arms, whose duty it is to regulate combats in the lists.

Johnson.

2. One who regulates rank and order at a feast or any other assembly, directs the order of procession and the like.

3. A harbinger; a pursuivant; one who goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide entertainment.

Johnson.

4. In France, the highest military officer. In other countries of Europe, a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called field-marshal.

5. In America, a civil officer, appointed by the President and Senate of the United States, in each judicial district, answering to the sheriff of a county. His duty is to execute all precepts directed to him, issued under the authority of the United States.

6. An officer of any private society, appointed to regulate their ceremonies and execute their orders.

Earl marshal of England, the eighth officer of state; an honorary title, and personal, until made hereditary by Charles II, in the family of Howard. During a vacancy in the office of high constable, the earl marshal has jurisdiction in the court of chivalry.

Encyc.

Earl marshal of Scotland. This officer formerly had command of the cavalry, under the constable. This office was held by the family of Keith, but forfeited by rebellion in 1715.

Encyc.

Knight marshal, or marshal of the king's house, formerly an officer who was to execute the commands of the lord steward, and have the custody of prisoners committed by the court of verge; hence, the name of a prison in Southwark.

Encyc.

Marshal of the king's bench, an officer who has the custody of the prison called the king's bench, in Southwark. He attends on the court and has the charge of the prisoners committed by them.

Encyc.

Marshal

MA`RSHAL, verb transitive To dispose in order; to arrange in a suitable manner; as, to marshal an army; to marshal troops.

Dryden.

2. To lead, as a harbinger. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. To dispose in due order the several parts of an escutcheon, or the coats of arms of distinct families.

Encyc.

Marshaled

M`ARSHALED, participle passive Arranged in due order.

Marshaler

M`ARSHALER, noun One who disposes in due order.

Marshaling

M`ARSHALING, participle of the present tense Arranging in due order.

Marshalsea

M`ARSHALSEA, noun In England, the prison in Southwark, belonging to the marshal of the king's household.

Johnson.

Court of marshalsea, a court formerly held before the steward and marshal of the king's house, to administer justice between the king's domestic servants.

Blackstone.

Marshalship

M`ARSHALSHIP, noun The office of a marshal.

Marshy

M`ARSHY, adjective [from marsh.] Wet; boggy; fenny.

Dryden.

2. Produced in marshes; as a marshy weed.

Dryden.

Mart

M`ART, noun [from market.] A place of sale or traffick. It was formerly applied chiefly to markets and fairs in cities and towns, but it has now a more extensive application. We say, the United States are a principal mart for English goods; England and France are the marts of American cotton.

2. Bargain; purchase and sale. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mart

M`ART, verb transitive To buy and sell; to traffick. [Not used.]

Shak.

Martagon

M`ARTAGON, noun A kind of lily.

Herbert.

Martel

M`ARTEL, verb transitive [French marteler.] To strike. Obs.

Obs.

Marten

MARTEN. [See Martin.]

Marten

M`ARTEN, noun [Dutch marter; German marder; French marte; Armoric mart, martr; Spanish marta; Italian martora.]

An animal of the genus Mustela, or weasel kind, whose fur is used in making hats and muffs.

Martial

M`ARTIAL, adjective [French from Latin martialis; Spanish marcial; Italian marziale; from Latin Mars, the god of war.]

1. Pertaining to war; suited to war; as martial equipage; martial music; a martial appearance.

2. Warlike; brave; given to war; as a martial nation or people.

3. Suited to battle; as a martial array.

4. Belonging to war, or to an army and navy; opposed to civil; as martial law; a court martial.

5. Pertaining to Mars, or borrowing the properties of that planet.

The natures of the fixed stars are esteemed martial or jovial, according to the colors by which they answer to those planets. Obs.

Brown.

6. Having the properties of iron, called by the old chimists, Mars.

Martialism

M`ARTIALISM, noun Bravery; martial exercises. [Not in use.]

Prince.

Martialist

M`ARTIALIST, noun A warrior; a fighter. [Not used.]

Howel.

Martin

M`ARTIN, noun [French martinet; Spanish martinete. The Germans call it mauer-schwalbe, wall-swallow, and perhaps the word is formed from the root of Latin murus, Welsh mur, a wall.]

A bird of the genus Hirundo, which forms its nest in buildings. It was formerly written by some authors martlet.

Dryden.

Martinet

M`ARTINET, or M`ARTLET, noun In military language, a strict disciplinarian; so called from an officer of that name.

Martinets

M`ARTINETS, noun In ships, martinets are small lines fastened to the leech of a sail, to bring it close to the yard when the sail is furled.

Bailey.

Martingal

M`ARTINGAL, noun [French martingale; Italian Spanish martingala. The Portuguese call it gamarra.]

1. A strap or thong fastened to the girth under a horse's belly, and at the other end to the muss-roll, passing between the fore legs.

Encyc.

2. In ships, a rope extending from the jibboom, to the end of a bumpkin under the cap of the bowsprit.

Mar. Dict.

Martinmas

M`ARTINMAS, noun [Martin and mass.] The feast of St. Martin, the eleventh of November.

Johnson.

Martlet

M`ARTLET, noun [See Martin.] Martlets, in heraldry, are little birds represented without feet, used as a mark of distinction for younger brothers of a family, who are thus admonished that they are to trust for promotion to the wings of merit.

Encyc.

Martyr

M`ARTYR, noun [Greek, a witness.] One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel. Stephen was the first christian martyr.

To be a martyr signifies only to witness the truth of Christ.

South.

2. One who suffers death in defense of any cause. We say, a man dies a martyr to his political principles or to the cause of liberty.

Martyr

M`ARTYR, verb transitive To put to death for adhering to what one believes to be the truth; to sacrifice one on account of his faith or profession.

Pearson.

2. To murder; to destroy.

Chaucer.

Martyrdom

M`ARTYRDOM, noun The death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of one's adherence to the faith of the gospel.

He intends to crown their innocence with the glory of martyrdom.

Bacon.

Martyrize

M`ARTYRIZE, verb transitive To offer as a martyr. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Martyrological

MARTYROLOG'ICAL, adjective Registering or registered in a catalogue of martyrs.

Martyrologist

MARTYROL'OGIST, noun A writer of martyrology, or an account of martyrs.

Martyrology

MARTYROL'OGY, noun [Greek, a witness, and, discourse.]

A history or account of martyrs with their sufferings; or a register of martyrs.

Stillingfleet.

Marvel

M`ARVEL, noun [French merveille; Irish miorbhaille; Italian maraviglia; Spanish maravilla; Portugese maravilha; Armoric marz; Latin mirabilis, wonderful, from miror, Chaldee Syriac demar, to wonder, Latin demiror. We have the primary sense in the Armoric miret, to stop, hold, keep, guard, ninder; for to wonder, admire or be astonished, is to stop, to hold, to be fixed, which exactly expresses the fact. The Russian zamirayu, to be astonished, is the same word with a prefix, and from miryu, to pacify or appease, that is, to stop, to allay. From the same root or family, probably, we have moor, to moor a ship, Spanish Portugese amarar, French amarrer, to moor, and demeurer, to dwell or abide. So also Latin mora, delay, and perhaps morior, Welsh maru, to die, murus, a wall, demur, &c. Class Mr. No. 32.]

1. A wonder; that which arrests the attention and causes a person to stand or gaze, or to pause. [This word is nearly obsolete, or at least little used in elegant writings.]

2. Wonder; admiration.

Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus Mirabilis.

Marvel

M`ARVEL, verb intransitive To wonder. It expresses less than astonish or amaze. [Nearly obsolete.]

Marveling

M`ARVELING, participle of the present tense Wondering.

Marvelous

M`ARVELOUS, adjective [French merveilleux; Italian marviglioso.]

1. Wonderful; strange; exciting wonder or some degree of surprise.

This is the Lord's doing; it is marvelous in our eyes. Psalm 118.

2. Surpassing credit; incredible.

Pope.

3. The marvelous, in writings, is that which exceeds natural power, or is preternatural; opposed to probable.

Johnson.

4. Formerly used adverbially for wonderfully, exceedingly.

Marvelously

M`ARVELOUSLY, adverb Wonderfully; strangely; in a manner to excite wonder or surprise.

Clarendon.

Marvelousness

M`ARVELOUSNESS, noun Wonderfulness; strangeness.

Mary-Bud

MA'RY-BUD, noun The marigold.

Shak.

Mascle

M`ASCLE, noun m'asl. In heraldry, a lozenge, as it were perforated.

Todd.

Masculine

M`ASCULINE, adjective [French masculin; Latin masculinus, from masculus, mas, or the Irish modh, Polish maz, Bohemian muz, Slavonic, mosch.]

1. Having the qualities of a man; strong; robust; as a masculine body.

2. Resembling man; coarse; opposed to delicate or soft; as masculine features.

3. Bold; brave; as a masculine spirit or courage.

4. In grammar, the masculine gender of words is that which expresses a male, or something analagous to it; or it is the gender appropriated to males, though not always expressing the male sex.

Encyc. Johnson.

Masculinely

M`ASCULINELY, adverb Like a man.

B. Johnson.

Masculineness

M`ASCULINENESS, noun The quality or state of being manly; resemblance of man in qualities; as in coarseness of features, strength of body, boldness, &c.

Mash

MASH, noun [German meischen, to mix, to mash; Spanish mascar, to chew, French macher, for mascher, Latin mastico.]

1. A mixture or mass of ingredients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous manner.

2. A mixture for a horse.

Far. Dict.

3. A mesh. [See Mesh, the more common orthography.]

Mash

MASH, verb transitive To beat into a confused mass.

2. To bruise; to crush by beating or pressure; as, to mash apples in a mill.

3. To mix malt and water together in brewing.

Mashed

MASH'ED, participle passive Beat into a mass; bruised; crushed; mixed into a mash.

Mashing

MASH'ING, participle of the present tense Beating into a mass; bruising; crushing.

Mashing-Tub

MASH'ING-TUB, noun A tub for containing the mash in breweries.

Mashy

MASH'Y, adjective Produced by crushing or bruising.

Thomson.

Mask

M`ASK, noun [French masque; Italian maschera; Spanish Portugese mascara; Armoric masel; Dutch masker; German maske.]

1. A cover for the face; that which conceals the face, especially a cover with apertures for the eyes and mouth; a visor. A mask is designed to conceal the face from beholders, or to preserve the complexion from injury by exposure to the weather and the rays of the sun.

Encyc.

2. That which disguises; any pretense or subterfuge.

Prior.

3. A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, in which the company all wear masks; a masquerade.

Shak.

4. A revel; a bustle; a piece of mummery.

This thought might lead through this world's vain mask.

Milton.

5. A dramatic performance written in a tragic style, without attention to rules or probability.

Peacham.

6. In architecture, a piece of sculpture representing some grotesque form, to fill and adorn vacant places, as in friezes, pannels of doors, keys of arches, &c.

Encyc.

Mask

M`ASK, verb transitive To cover the face for concealement or defense against injury; to conceal with a mask or visor.

Addison.

2. To disguise; to cover; to hide.

Masking the business from the common eye.

Shak.

Mask

M`ASK, verb intransitive To revel; to play the fool in masquerade.

2. To be disguised in any way.

Shak.

Masked

M`ASKED, participle passive Having the face covered; concealed; disguised.

2. a. In botany, personate.

Masker

M`ASKER, noun One that wears a mask; one that plays the fool at a masquerade.

Maskery

M`ASKERY, noun The dress or disguise of a masker.

Marston.

Mask-House

M`ASK-HOUSE, noun A place for masquerades.

Bp. Hall.

Masking

M`ASKING, participle of the present tense Covering with a mask; concealing.

Maslin

MASLIN. [See Meslin.]

Mason

MA'SON, n. ma'sn. [French maÃƒ-§on; Armoric maÃƒ-§zonn; Dutch metselaar. In Spanish mazoneria is masonry, as if from mazo, a mallet, maza, a club, a mace. It is probably from the root of mix or mash, or more probably of mass, and denotes one that works in mortar. See Mass.]

1. A man whose occupation is to lay bricks and stones, or to construct the walls of buildings, chimneys and the like, which consist of bricks or stones.

2. A member of the fraternity of free masons.

Masonic

MASON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of free masons.

Masonry

MA'SONRY, noun [French maÃƒ-§onnerie; Spanish mazoneria.]

1. The art or occupation of a mason.

2. The work or performance of a mason; as when we say, the wall is good masonry.

3. The craft of free masons.

Masora

MAS'ORA, noun [Hebrew] A Hebrew work on the bible, by several Rabbins.

Masoretic

MASORET'IC, adjective [Hebrew, to deliver, whence masora, tradition, whence the Masorites, the adherents to the traditionary readings of the Scriptures.]

Relating to the Masorites, who interpreted the Scriptures by tradition, and invented the Hebrew points to fix the true reading and pronunciation. Whence the vowel-points are denominated masoretic.

Masorite

MAS'ORITE, noun One of the writers of the Masora.

Masquerade

MASQUERA'DE, noun [Italian mascherata. See Mask.]

1. A nocturnal assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation and other diversions.

In courtly balls and midnight masquerades.

Pope.

2. Disguise.

I came to visit thee in masquerade.

Dryden.

3. A Spanish diversion on horseback.

Clarendon.

Masquerade

MASQUERA'DE, verb intransitive To go in disguise.

2. To assemble in masks.

Swift.

Masquerade

MASQUERA'DE, verb transitive To put in disguise.

Killingbeck.

Masquerader

MASQUERA'DER, noun A person wearing a mask; one disguised.

L'Estrange.

Masquerading

MASQUERA'DING, participle of the present tense Assembling in masks for diversion.

Mass

M`ASS, noun [French masse, a mass, a heap, a mace, or club; Portugese maÃƒ-§a, dough, and a mace; Spanish masa, dough, mortar, a mass, and maza, a club, a mace; mazo, a mallet; Italian massa, a heap, and mazza, a mace; German masse; Latin massa, a mass. These words seem to belong to the root of the Greek, to beat or pound, the root of which is; hence the connection between mass, and mace, a club. If any of these words are of a different origin, they may belong to the root of mix.]

1. A lump; a body of matter concreted, collected or formed into a lump; applied to any solid body; as a mass of iron or lead; a mass of flesh; a mass of ice; a mass of dough.

2. A collective body of fluid matter. The ocean is a mass of water.

3. A heap; as a mass of earth.

4. A great quantity collected; as a mass of treasure.

5. Bulk; magnitude.

This army of such mass and charge.

Shak.

6. An assemblage; a collection of particulars blended, confused or indistinct; as a mass of colors.

Addison.

They lose their forms, and make a mass Confused and black, if brought too near.

Prior.

7. Gross body of things considered collectively; the body; the bulk; as the mass of people in a nation. A small portion of morbid matter may infect the whole mass of fluids in the body.

Comets have power over the mass of things.

Bacon.

Mass

M`ASS, noun [Saxon moesa, moesse; French messe; Italian messa; Spanish misa; Dutch misse; German Danish messe; Swedish messa; Low Latin missa. The word signifies primarily leisure, cessation from labor, from the Latin missus, remissus, like the Latin ferioe; hence a feast or holiday. Laws of Alfred, 39. ``Be maesse daege freolse.' De festivitate diei festi. See also Laws of Cnute, Lib. 1. 14. and 2. 42. Hence Saxon hlafmoesse, lemmas, breadfeast, and Martin-mas, Michael-mas, candlemas, christmas.]

The service of the Romish church; the office or prayers used at the celebration of the eucharist; the consecration of the bread and wine.

Lye. Encyc. Wilkins.

Mass

M`ASS, verb intransitive To celebrate mass. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Mass

M`ASS, verb transitive To fill; to stuff; to strengthen. [Not used.]

Hayward.

Massacer

MAS'SACER, or MAS'SACRE, noun [French massacre; Armoric maÃƒ-§zaer; Italian mazzicare, to beat, from mazza, a club, a mace. So smite in English signifies to kill, as well as to beat.]

1. The murder of an individual, or the slaughter of numbers of human beings, with circumstances of cruelty; the indiscriminate killing of human beings, without authority or necessity, and without forms civil or military. It differs from assassination, which is a private killing. It differs from carnage, which is rather the effect of slaughter than slaughter itself, and is applied to the authorized destruction of men in battle. Massacre is sometimes called butchery, from its resemblance to the killing of cattle. If a soldier kills a man in battle in his own defense, it is a lawful act; it is killing, and it is slaughter, but it is not a massacre. Whereas, if a soldier kills an enemy after he has surrendered, it it is massacre, a killing without necessity, often without authority, contrary to the usages of nations, and of course with cruelty. The practice of killing prisoners, even when authorized by the commander, is properly massacre; as the authority given proceeds from cruelty. We have all heard of the massacre of the protestants in France, in the reign of Charles IX. and frequent instances of barbarous massacre occur in the war between the Turks and Greeks.

2. Murder.

Shak.

Massacer

MAS'SACER, or MAS'SACRE, verb transitive To murder human beings with circumstances of cruelty; to kill men with indiscriminate violence, without authority or necessity, and contrary to the usages of nations; to butcher human beings.

Massacrer

MAS'SACRER, noun One who massacres. [A very bad word.]

Burke.

Masser

M`ASSER, noun A priest who celebrates mass.

Masseter

MAS'SETER, noun [Greek from, to chew.] A muscle which raises the under jaw.

Massicot

MAS'SICOT, or MAS'TICOT, noun [French massicot.] Calcined white lead; yellow oxyd of lead. Lead exposed to the air while melting, is covered with a gray, dusky pellicle. This pellicle carefully taken off, is reduced by agitation to a greenish gray powder, inclining to yellow. This oxyd, separated from the grains of lead by sifting, and exposed to a more intense heat, sufficient to make it red hot, assumes a deep yellow color. In this state it is called massicot. Massicot, slowly heated by a moderate fire, takes a beautiful red color, and obtains the name of minium.

Fourcroy.

Massicot is sometimes used by painters, and it is used as a drier in the composition of ointments and plasters.

Encyc.

Massiness

M`ASSINESS, or M`ASSIVENESS, noun [See Massy, Massive.] The state of being massy; great weight or weight with bulk; ponderousness.

Massive

M`ASSIVE, or M`ASSY, adjective [French massif, from mass.] Heavy; weighty; ponderous; bulky and heavy; as a massy shield; a massy rock.

The yawning rocks in massy fragments fly.

Pope.

Massive

M`ASSIVE, adjective In mineralogy, in mass; having a crystaline structure, but not a regular form. We say, a mineral occurs massive.

Mast

M`AST, noun [Saxon maest; Dutch German Swedish Danish mast; French mÃƒ-¢t, for mast; Portugese masto or mastro; Spanish mastiles, masts; masteleros, top-masts; masto, a trunk, a stock in which any cion is ingrafted.]

A long, round piece of timber, elevated or designed to be raised perpendicularly or nearly so, on the keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards, sails and rigging are attached, and by which they are supported. A mast is a single stick, formed from the trunk of a tree, or it consists of many pieces of timber united by iron bands. Masts are several kinds, as the main-mast, fore-mast, mizzen-mast, top-mast, top-gallant-mast, &c.

Mast

M`AST, noun [Saxon moeste, acorns, food; Gothic mats, food, meat; Irish mais, meas, an acorn; maise, food; Welsh mes, acorns, a portion, a meal; mesen, an acorn. This may be the American maiz, and signify food in general, from eating, chewing, masticating, or primarily a nut kernel, or acorn, the food of the primitive tribes of men. It seems to be radically the same word as meat.]

The fruit of the oak and beech, or other forest trees; nuts; acorns. [It has no plural.]

Masted

M`ASTED, adjective Furnished with a mast or masts.

Master

M`ASTER, noun [French maitre, for maister; Russian master; Dutch meester; German meister; Swedish m?stare; Danish mester; Armoric meastr; Italian Spanish maestro; Latin magister, compounded of the root of magis, major, greater, and the Teutonic ster, Saxon steoran, to steer. See Steer. The word then signifies a chief director. See Minister.]

1. A man who rules, governs or directs either men or business. A man who owns slaves is their master; he who has servants is their master; he who has apprentices is their master, as he has the government and direction of them. The man who superintends and directs any business, is master, or master workman.

O thou my friend, my genius, come along,

Thou master of the poet and the song.

Pope.

Nations that want protectors, will have masters.

Ames.

2. A director, head, or chief manager; as the master of a feast.

3. The owner; proprietor; with the idea of governing. The master of a house may be the owner, or the occupant, who has a temporary right of governing it.

It would be believed that he rather took the horse for his subject, than his master.

Dryden.

4. A lord; a ruler; one who has supreme dominion.

Cesar, the world's great master and his own.

Pope.

5. A chief; a principal; as the master root of a plant.

Mortimer.

One master passion swallows up the rest.

Pope.

6. One who has possession, and the power of controlling or using at pleasure.

When I have made myself master of a hundred thousand drachmasÃ‚--

Addison.

7. The commander of a merchant ship.

8. In ships of war, an officer who takes rank immediately after the lieutenants, and navigates the ship under the direction of the captain.

9. The director of a school; a teacher; an instructor. In this sense the word is giving place to the more appropriate words teacher, instructor and preceptor; at least it is so in the United States.

10. One uncontrolled.

Let every man be master of his time.

Shak.

11. An appellation of respect.

Master doctor, you have brought those drugs.

Shak.

12. An appellation given to young men.

Where there are little masters and misses in a houseÃ‚--

Swift.

13. A man eminently or perfectly skilled in any occupation, art or science. We say, a man is master of his business; a great

master of music, of the flute or violin; a master of his subject, &c.

14. A title of dignity in colleges and universities; as Master of Arts.

15. The chief of a society; as the Grand Master of Malta, of free-masons, &c.

16. The director of ceremonies at public places, or on public occasions.

17. The president of a college.

England.

Master in chancery, an assistant of the lord chancellor, chosen from among the barristers to sit in chancery, or at the rolls.

Encyc.

Master of the rolls, an officer who has charge of the rolls and patents that pass the great seal, and of the records of the chancery.

Encyc.

To be master of one's self, to have the command or control of one's own passions.

The word master has numerous applications, in all of which it has the sense of director, chief or superintendent.

As a title of respect given to adult persons, it is pronounced mister; a pronunciation which seems to have been derived from some of the northern dialects. [supra.]

Master

M`ASTER, verb transitive To conquer; to overpower; to subdue; to bring under control.

Obstinacy and willful neglect must be mastered, even though it costs blows.

Locke.

Evil customs must be mastered by degrees.

Calamy.

2. To execute with skill.

I will not offer that which I cannot master.

Bacon.

3. To rule; to govern.

Ã‚--And rather father thee than master thee. [Not used.]

Shak.

Master

M`ASTER, verb intransitive To be skillful; to excel. Obs.

Spenser.

Masterdom

M`ASTERDOM, noun Dominion; rule. [Not used.]

Shak.

Masterful

M`ASTERFUL, adjective Having the skill of a master; also, imperious; arbitrary.

Obs.

Master-Hand

M`ASTER-HAND, noun The hand of a man eminently skillful.

Pope.

Master-Jest

M`ASTER-JEST, noun Principal jest.

Hudibras.

Master-Key

M`ASTER-KEY, noun The key that opens many locks, the subordinate keys of which open only one each.

Dryden.

Masterless

M`ASTERLESS, adjective Destitute of a master or owner.

Spenser.

2. Ungoverned; unsubdued.

Master-Lode

M`ASTER-LODE, noun In mining, the principal vein of ore.

Encyc.

Masterly

M`ASTERLY, adjective Formed or executed with superior skill; suitable to a master; most excellent; skillful; as a masterly design; a masterly performance; a masterly stroke of policy.

2. Imperious.

Masterly

M`ASTERLY, adverb With the skill of a master.

Thou dost speak masterly.

Shak.

``I think it very masterly written,' in Swift, is improper or unusual.

Master-Piece

M`ASTER-PIECE, noun A capital performance; any thing done or made with superior or extraordinary skill.

This wondrous master-piece I fain would see.

Dryden.

2. Chief excellence or talent.

Dissimulation was his master-piece.

Clarendon.

Mastership

M`ASTERSHIP, noun Dominion; rule; supreme power.

2. Superiority; preeminence.

Where noble youths for mastership should strive.

Dryden.

3. Chief work; master-piece. [Not used.]

Dryden.

4. Superior skill.

Shak.

5. Title of respect; in irony.

How now, signior Launce, what new with your mastership.

Shak.

6. The office of president of a college, or other institution.

Master-Sinew

M`ASTER-SINEW, noun A large sinew that surrounds the hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone by a hollow place, where the wind-galls are usually seated.

Far. Dict.

Master-String

M`ASTER-STRING, noun Principal string.

Rowe.

Master-Stroke

M`ASTER-STROKE, noun Capital performance.

Blackmore.

Master-Tooth

M`ASTER-TOOTH, noun A principal tooth.

Bacon.

Master-Touch

M`ASTER-TOUCH, Principal performance.

Tatler.

Master-Work

M`ASTER-WORK, noun Principal performance.

Thomson.

Master-Wort

M`ASTER-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Imperatoria.

Mastery

M`ASTERY, noun Dominion; power of governing or commanding.

If divided by mountains, they will fight for the mastery of the passages of the topsÃ‚--

Raleigh.

2. Superiority in competition; preeminence.

Every man that striveth for the mastery, is temperate in all things. 1 Corinthians 9.

3. Victory in war.

It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery. Exodus 32.

4. Eminent skill; superior dexterity.

He could attain to a mastery in all languages.

Tillotson.

5. Attainment of eminent skill or power.

The learning and mastery of a tongue being unpleasant in itself, should not be cumbered with other difficulties.

Locke.

Mastful

M`ASTFUL, adjective [from mast.] Abounding with mast, or fruit of oak, beech and other forest trees; as the mastful chesnut.

Dryden.

Mastic

MAS'TIC, or MAS'TICH, noun [French mastic; Italian mastice; Dutch mastik; Spanish almaciga; Portugese almecega; Irish maisteog; Latin mastiche; Greek.]

1. A resin exsuding from the mastic-tree, a species of Pistacia, and obtained by incision. It is in white farinaceous tears, of a faint smell, and is used as an astringent and an aromatic. It is used also as an ingredient in drying varnishes.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

2. A kind of mortar or cement.

Addison.

Masticate

MAS'TICATE, verb transitive [Latin mastico. Qu. Welsh mesigaw, from mes, mast, acorns, food.]

To chew; to grind with the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion; as, to masticate food.

Masticated

MAS'TICATED, participle passive Chewed.

Masticating

MAS'TICATING, participle of the present tense Chewing; breaking into small pieces with the teeth.

Mastication

MASTICA'TION, noun The act or operation of chewing solid food, breaking it into small pieces, and mixing it with saliva; thus preparing it for deglutition, and more easy digestion in the stomach.

Mastication is a necessary preparation of solid aliment, without which there can be no good digestion.

Arbuthnot.

Masticatory

MAS'TICATORY, adjective Chewing; adapted to perform the office of chewing food.

Lawrence's Lect.

Masticatory

MAS'TICATORY, noun A substance to be chewed to increase the saliva.

Coxe.

Mastiff

M`ASTIFF, noun plu. mastiffs. Mastives is irregular. [Spanish mastin; Italian mastino; French matin; Armoric mastin; Low Latin mastivus.]

A large species of dog, remarkable for strength and courage. Strabo informs us that the mastiffs of Britain were trained for war, and used by the Gauls in battle.

Encyc.

Mastless

M`ASTLESS, adjective Having no mast; as a vessel.

2. Bearing no mast; as a mastless oak or beech.

Dryden.

Mastlin

MASTLIN, [See Meslin.]

Mastodon

MAS'TODON, noun [Greek, mamilla, and, a tooth.]

A genus of mammiferous animals resembling the elephant, now extinct, and known only by their fossil remains. It includes the N. American mammoth.

Mastoid

MAS'TOID, adjective [Greek, the nipple or breast, and, form.]

Resembling the nipple or breast; as the mastoid muscle; the mastoid process.

Mastress

MASTRESS, for mistress, is not used.

Chaucer.

Masty

M`ASTY, adjective Full of mast; abounding with acorns, &c.

Mat

MAT, noun [Welsh mat; Saxon meatta; Dutch mat; German matte; Latin matta; Spanish mata; Irish matta; Russian mat; Welsh math, that is spread. The sense is probably a lay or spread, from falling, throwing, or stretching. Class Md. No. 6. 8. 9.]

1. A texture of sedge, rushes, flags, husks, straw, or other material, to be laid on a floor for cleaning the boots and shoes of those who enter a house, and for other purposes.

Carew.

2. A web of rope-yarn, used in ships to secure the standing rigging from the friction of the yards, &c.

Mat

MAT, verb transitive To cover or lay with mats.

Evelyn.

2. To twist together; to interweave like a mat; to entangle.

And o'er his eyebrows hung his matted hair.

Dryden.

3. To press together; to lay flat; as matted grass.

Matachin

MAT'ACHIN, noun [Spanish a buffoon, a grotesque dance.]

An old dance.

Sidney.

Matadore

MAT'ADORE, noun [Spanish matador, a murderer, and a card, from matar, to kill.]

One of the three principal cards in the game of omber and quadrille, which are always two black aces and the deuce in spades and clubs, and the seven in hearts and diamonds.

Johnson. Pope.

Match

MATCH, noun [French meche; Italian miccia; Spanish Portugese mecha; Armoric mechenn, mech.]

1. Some very combustible substance used for catching fire from a spark, as hemp, flax, cotton, tow dipped in sulphur, or a species of dry wood, called vulgarly touch-wood.

2. A rope or cord made of hempen tow, composed of three strands slightly twisted, and again covered with tow and boiled in the lees of old wine. This when lighted at one end, retains fire and burns slowly till consumed. It is used in firing artillery, &c.

Encyc.

Match

MATCH, noun [Saxon maca and gemaca, an equal, fellow, companion, Dutch makker, Danish maga, Swedish make.]

1. A person who is equal to another in strength or other quality; one able to cope with another.

GovernmentÃ‚--makes an innocent man of the lowest ranks a match for the mightiest of his fellow subjects.

Addison.

2. One that suits or tallies with another; or any thing that equals another.

3. Union by marriage.

Love doth seldom suffer itself to be confined by other matches than those of its own making.

Boyle.

In popular language, it is applied to the engagement of lovers before marriage.

4. One to be married.

She inherited a fair fortune of her ownÃ‚--and was looked upon as the richest match in the west.

Clarendon.

Match

MATCH, noun [Greek, a battle, a fight; but probably of the same family as the preceding.]

A contest; competition for victory; or a union of parties for contest; as in games or sports.

A solemn match was made; he lost the prize.

Dryden.

Match

MATCH, verb transitive To equal.

No settled senses of the world can match

The pleasure of that madness.

Shak.

2. To show an equal.

No history or antiquity can match his policies and his conduct.

South.

3. To oppose as equal; to set against as equal in contest.

Eternal might

To match with their inventions they presumed

So easy, and of his thunder made a scorn.

Milton.

4. To suit; to make equal; to proportion.

Let poets match their subject to their strengthÃ‚--

Roscommon.

Ã‚--To match patterns and colors.

Swift.

5. To marry; to give in marriage.

A senator of Rome, while Rome survived,

Would not have match'd his daughter with a king.

Addison.

6. To purify vessels by burning a match in them.

Match

MATCH, verb intransitive To be united in marriage.

I hold it a sin to match in my kindred.

Shak.

Let tigers match with hinds, and wolves with sheep.

Dryden.

2. To suit; to correspond; to be of equal size, figure or quality; to tally. We say of a piece of cloth, it does not match with another.

Matchable

MATCH'ABLE, adjective Equal; suitable; fit to be joined.

Spenser.

2. Correspondent. [Little used.]

Woodward.

Matched

MATCH'ED, participle passive Equaled; suited; placed in opposition; married.

Matching

MATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Equaling; suiting; setting in opposition; uniting in marriage.

Matchless

MATCH'LESS, adjective Having no equal; as matchless impudence; a matchless queen; matchless love or charms.

Matchlessly

MATCH'LESSLY, adverb In a manner or degree not to be equaled.

Matchlessness

MATCH'LESSNESS, noun The state or quality of being without an equal.

Matchlock

MATCH'LOCK, noun Formerly, the lock of a musket which was fired by a match.

Matchmaker

MATCH'MAKER, noun One who makes matches for burning.

2. One who contrives or effects a union by marriage.

Mate

MATE, noun [Dutch maat; Arabic matau, to associate. Class Md. No. 11.]

1. A companion; an associate; one who customarily associates with another. Young persons nearly of an age, and frequently associating, are called mates or playmates.

2. A husband or wife.

3. The male or female of animals which associate for propagation and the care of their young.

Milton.

4. One that eats at the same table.

5. One that attends the same school; a school-mate.

6. An officer in a merchant ship or ship of war, whose duty is to assist the master or commander. In a merchant ship, the mate, in the absence of the master, takes command of the ship. Large ships have a first, second, and third mate.

In general, mate, in compound words, denotes an assistant, and ranks next in subordination to the principal; as master's mate; surgeon's mate, &c.

Mate

MATE, noun [Spanish Portugese mate; French mat; from Spanish matar, to kill.]

In chess, the state of the king so situated that he cannot escape.

Mate

MATE, verb transitive To match; to marry.

Spenser. Shak.

2. To equal; to be equal to.

For thus the mastful chesnut mates the skies.

Dryden.

3. To oppose; to equal.

Ã‚--I i' th' way of loyalty and truth,

Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be.

Shak.

Mate

MATE, verb transitive [French mater, to mate in chess; Swedish matta, to weaken, to enervate; Spanish matar, to kill.]

To enervate; to subdue; to crush.

Audacity doth almost bind and mate the weaker sort of minds. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Mateless

MA'TELESS, adjective Having no mate or companion.

Peacham.

Materia Medica, a general name for every substance used in medicine.

Encyc.

2. An auxiliary branch of the science of medicine, which treats of the nature and properties of all the substances that are employed for the cure of diseases.

Ed. Encyc.

Material

MATE'RIAL, adjective [Italian materiale; French materiel; Spanish material; from Latin materia, matter.]

1. Consisting of matter; not spiritual; as material substance; material bodies.

2. Important; momentous; more or less necessary; having influence or effect.

Hold them for catholics or heretics, it is not a thing very material in this question.

Hooker.

In the account of simple ideas, I shall set down only such as are most material to our present purpose.

Locke.

So we say, a material point; a material fault or error; a material fact or consideration.

3. Not formal; substantial.

4. Furnishing materials; as material men.

Wheaton, Rep.

Material

MATE'RIAL, noun The substance or matter of which any thing is made; as, wool is the material of cloth; rags are the material of paper.

Materialism

MATE'RIALISM, noun The doctrine of materialists; the opinion of those who maintain that the soul of man is not a spiritual substance distinct from matter, but that it is the result or effect of the organization of matter in the body.

The irregular fears of a future state had been supplanted by the materialism of Epicurus.

Buckminster.

Materialist

MATE'RIALIST, noun One who denies the existence of spiritual substances, and maintains that the soul of man is the result of a particular organization of matter in the body.

Materiality

MATERIAL'ITY, noun Material existence; corporeity; not spirituality.

Digby.

2. Importance; as the materiality of facts.

Judge Chase.

Materialize

MATE'RIALIZE, verb transitive To reduce to a state of matter; also, to regard as matter.

Reid.

Materially

MATE'RIALLY, adverb In the state of matter.

Boyle.

2. Not formally; substantially.

An ill intention may spoil an act materially good.

South.

3. In an important manner or degree; essentially. It materially concerns us to know the real motives of our actions.

Materialness

MATE'RIALNESS, noun The state of being material; importance.

Materiate

MATE'RIATE, or MATE'RIATED, adjective [Latin materiatus.] Consisting of matter. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Materiation

MATERIA'TION, noun The act of forming matter. [Not used.]

Brown.

Maternal

MATERN'AL, adjective [Latin maternus, from mater, mother.]

Motherly; pertaining to a mother; becoming a mother; as maternal love; maternal tenderness.

Maternity

MATERN'ITY, noun [French maternitÃƒ-©.] The character or relation of a mother.

Matfelon

MAT'FELON, noun [Spanish Portugese matar, Dutch matsen, to kill, and felon.]

A plant of the genus Centaurea, knap-weed.

Math

MATH, noun [Saxon moeth.] A mowing; as in aftermath.

Mathematic

MATHEMAT'IC, or MATHEMAT'ICAL, adjective [Latin mathematicus.] Pertaining to mathematics; as mathematical knowledge; mathematical instruments.

2. According to the principles of mathematics; as mathematical exactness.

Mathematically

MATHEMAT'ICALLY, adverb According to the laws or principles of mathematical science.

2. With mathematical certainty; demonstrably.

Bentley.

Mathematician

MATHEMATI'CIAN, noun [French mathematicien.] One versed in mathematics.

Mathematics

MATHEMAT'ICS, noun [Latin mathematica, from Greek, from, to learn; the is probably casual, and the root belongs to Class Md. No. 10.]

The science of quantity; the science which treats of magnitude and number, or of whatever can be measured or numbered. This science is divided into pure or speculative, which considers quantity abstractly, without relation to matter; and mixed, which treats of magnitude as subsisting in material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with physical considerations. It is the peculiar excellence of mathematics, that its principles are demonstrable. Arithmetic, geometry, algebra, trigonometry, and conic sections, are branches of mathematics.

Mathemeg

MATH'EMEG, noun A fish of the cod kind, inhabiting Hudson's bay.

Pennant.

Mathes

MATH'ES, noun An herb.

Ainsworth.

Mathesis

MATH'ESIS, noun [Greek.] The doctrine of mathematics.

Pope.

Matin

MAT'IN, adjective [French matin, morning; German mette, matins; Latin matutinus.]

Pertaining to the morning; used in the morning; as a matin trumpet.

Matin

MAT'IN, noun Morning. [Not used.]

Shak.

Matins

MAT'INS, noun Morning worship or service; morning prayers or songs.

The vigils are celebrated before them, and the nocturn and matins, for the saints whose the relics are.

Stillingfleet.

The winged choristers began

To chirp their matins.

Cleaveland.

2. Time of morning service; the first canonical hour in the Romish church.

Matrass

MAT'RASS, noun [French matras; Dutch id. In French, the word signifies an arrow; Armoric matara, to throw a dart. This verb coincides with Latin mitto. It seems then to be so called from its long neck.]

A cucurbit; a chimical vessel in the shape of an egg, or with a tapering neck, open at the top, serving the purposes of digestion, evaporation, &c.

Nicholson. Quincy.

Matress

MAT'RESS, noun [Welsh matras; Dutch id.; Italian materasso; German matratze; French matelus; Armoric matelaÃƒ-§z, from mat.]

A quilted bed; a bed stuffed with hair, moss or other soft material, and quilted.

Matrice

MA'TRICE, or MA'TRIX, noun Latin matrix, from mater, mother.]

1. The womb; the cavity in which the fetus of an animal is formed and nourished till its birth.

Encyc.

2. A mold; the cavity in which any thing is formed, and which gives it shape; as the matrix of a type.

3. The place where any thing is formed or produced; as the matrix of metals; gang.

4. In dycing, the five simple colors, black, white, blue, red and yellow, of which all the rest are composed.

Encyc.

Matricidal

MAT'RICIDAL, adjective Pertaining to matricide.

Matricide

MAT'RICIDE, noun [Latin matricidium; mater, mother, and coedo, to slay.]

1. The killing or murder of a mother.

Brown.

2. The killer or murderer of his mother.

Matriculate

MATRIC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin matricula, a roll or register, from matrix.]

To enter or admit to membership in a body or society, particularly in a college or university, by enrolling the name in a register.

Wotton.

Matriculate

MATRIC'ULATE, noun One enrolled in a register, and thus admitted to membership in a society.

Arbuthnot.

Matriculation

MATRICULA'TION, noun The act of registering a name and admitting to membership.

Ayliffe.

Matrimonial

MATRIMO'NIAL, adjective [Italian matrimoniale. See Matrimony.]

1. Pertaining to marriage; connubial; nuptial; hymeneal; as matrimonial rights or duties.

2. Derived from marriage.

If he relied on that title, he could be but a king at curtesy, and have rather a matrimonial, than a regal power.

Bacon.

Matrimonially

MATRIMO'NIALLY, adverb According to the manner or laws of marriage.

Ayliffe.

Matrimonious

MATRIMO'NIOUS, adjective Matrimonial. [Little used.]

Milton.

Matrimony

MAT'RIMONY, noun [Latin matrimonium, from mater, mother.]

Marriage; wedlock; the union of man and woman for life; the nuptial state.

If any man know cause why this couple should not be joined in holy matrimony, they are to declare it.

Com. Prayer.

Matrix

MATRIX. [See Matrice.]

Matron

MAT'RON, noun [French matrone; Latin matrona; from mater, mother.]

An elderly married woman, or an elderly lady.

Johnson. Encyc.

Matronal

MAT'RONAL, adjective [Latin matronalis.] Pertaining to a matron suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman; grave; motherly.

Bacon.

Matronize

MAT'RONIZE, verb transitive To render matronlike.

Richardson.

Matronlike

MAT'RONLIKE, adjective Having the manners of an elderly woman; grave; sedate; becoming a matron.

Matronly

MAT'RONLY, adjective Elderly; advanced in years.

L'Estrange.

Matross

MATROSS', noun [Dutch matroos; Swedish Danish Russian matros, a sailor; Dutch maat, a mate; maats, fellows, sailors; French matelot. In Armoric martelot is a colleague. The word seems to be from mate.]

Matrosses are soldiers in a train of artillery, who are next to the gunners and assist them in loading, firing and spunging the guns. They carry fire-locks, and march with the store waggons as guards and assistants.

Bailey. Encyc.

Mattamore

MAT'TAMORE, noun In the east, a subterranean repository for wheat.

Parkhurst. Shaw.

Matter

MAT'TER, noun [Latin Spanish Italian materia; French matiere; Armoric matery; Welsh mater, what is produced, occasion, affair, matter; madrez, pus, matter; madru, to putrefy or dissolve. Owen deduces mater from mÃƒ-¢d, what proceeds or advances, a good; madu, to cause to proceed, to render productive; mÃƒ-¢d, good, beneficial, that is, advancing, progressive. Here we have a clear idea of the radical sense of good, which is proceeding, advancing. A good is that which advances or promotes; and hence we see the connection between this word mÃƒ-¢d, and matter, pus, both from progressiveness.

The original verb is in the Arabic madda, to extend, to reach or stretch, to be tall, to thrust out, to excrete, to produce pus, to yawn; derivatives, pus, sanies, matter. This verb in Hebrew and Chaldee signifies to measure, and is the same as the Latin metior, Greek. In Syriac, it signifies to escape.]

1. Substance excreted from living animal bodies; that which is thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil or abscess; pus; purulent substance collected in an abscess, the effect of suppuration more or less perfect; as digested matter; sanious matter.

2. Body; substance extended; that which is visible or tangible; as earth, wood, stone, air, vapor, water.

3. In a more general and philosophic sense, the substance of which all bodies are composed; the substratum of sensible qualities, though the parts composing the substratum may not be visible or taugible.

Encyc.

Matter is usually divided by philosophical writers into four kinds or classes; solid, liquid, aeriform, and imponderable. Solid substances are those whose parts firmly cohere and resist impression, as wood or stone; liquids have free motion among their parts, and easily yield to impression, as water and wine. Aeriform substances are elastic fluids, called vapors and gases, as air and oxygen gas. The imponderable substances are destitute of weight, as light, caloric, electricity, and magnetism.

4. Subject; thing treated; that about which we write or speak; that which employs thought or excites emotion; as, this is matter of praise, of gratitude, or of astonishment.

Son of God, Savior of men, thy name

Shall be the copious matter of my song.

Milton.

5. The very thing supposed or intended.

He grants the deluge to have come so very near the matter, that few escaped.

Tillotson.

6. Affair; business; event; thing; course of things. Matters have succeeded well thus far; observe how matters stand; thus the matter rests at present; thus the matter ended.

To help the matter, the alchimists call in many vanities from astrology.

Bacon.

Some young female seems to have carried matters so far, that she is ripe for asking advice.

Spectator.

7. Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, of a disease, or of a difficulty. When a moving machine stops suddenly, we ask, what is the matter? When a person is ill, we ask, what is the matter? When a tumult or quarrel takes place, we ask, what is the matter?

8. Subject of complaint; suit; demand.

If the matter should be tried by duel between two championsÃ‚--

Bacon.

Every great matter they shall bring to thee, but every small matter they shall judgeÃ‚-- Exodus 18.

9. Import; consequence; importance; moment.

A prophet some, and some a poet cry,

No matter which, so neither of them lie.

Dryden.

10. Space of time; a portion of distance.

I have thoughts to tarry a small matter.

Congreve.

Away he goes, a matter of seven milesÃ‚--

L'Estrange.

[In these last senses, the use of matter is now vulgar.]

Upon the matter, considering the whole; taking all things into view. This phrase is now obsolete; but in lieu of it, we sometimes use, upon the whole matter.

Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, upon the whole matter, equal in foot.

Clarendon.

Matter of record, that which is recorded, or which may be proved by record.

Matter

MAT'TER, verb intransitive To be of importance; to import; used with it, this, that, or what. This matters not; that matters not; chiefly used in negative phrases; as, what matters it?

It matters not how they are called, so we know who they are.

Locke.

2. To maturate; to form pus; to collect, as matter in an abscess.

Each slight sore mattereth. [Little used.]

Sidney.

[We now use maturate.]

Matter

MAT'TER, verb transitive To regard. [Not used.]

Matterless

MAT'TERLESS, adjective Void of matter.

B. Jonson.

Mattery

MAT'TERY, adjective Purulent; generating pus; as a mattery cough.

Harvey.

Mattock

MAT'TOCK, noun [Saxon mattuc; Welsh matog.]

A tool to grub up weeds or roots; a grubbing hoe.

Bailey.

Mattress

MATTRESS. [See Matress, a more correct orthography.]

Maturant

MAT'URANT, noun [Latin maturo, from maturus, mature, ripe.]

In pharmacy, a medicine or application to a tumor, which promotes suppuration.

Encyc.

Maturate

MAT'URATE, verb transitive [Latin maturo, to hasten, from maturus, ripe.]

To ripen; to hasten or promote suppuration.

Maturate

MAT'URATE, verb intransitive To become ripe; to suppurate, as a tumor, and form pus.

Maturation

MATURA'TION, noun The process of ripening or coming to maturity; ripeness.

Bacon.

2. The process of suppurating; suppuration; the forming of pus in tumors.

Quincy.

Maturative

MAT'URATIVE, adjective Ripening; conducing to ripeness.

2. Conducing to suppuration, or the formation of a matter in a tumor or abscess.

Mature

MATU'RE, adjective [Latin maturus; Danish moed, moeden. In Welsh mÃƒ-ªd, is complete, perfect, mature; and medi signifies to reap, Latin meto. So ripe, in English, seems to be connected with reap. In Chaldee signifies to come to, to reach, to be mature. See Meet.]

1. Ripe; perfected by time or natural growth; as a man of mature age. We apply it to a young man who has arrived to the age when he is supposed to be competent to manage his own concerns; to a young woman who is fit to be married; and to elderly men who have much experience.

Their prince is a man of learning and virtue, mature in yearsÃ‚--

Addison.

Mature the virgin was, of Egypt's race.

Prior.

How shall I meet or how accost the sage,

Unskilled in speech, nor yet mature of age.

Pope.

2. Brought to perfection; used of plants. The wheat is mature.

3. Completed; prepared; ready. The plan or scheme was mature.

This lies glowing, and is mature for the violent breaking out.

Shak.

4. Ripe; come to suppuration; as, the tumor is mature.

Mature

MATU'RE, verb transitive [Latin maturo.] To ripen; to hasten to a perfect state; to promote ripeness.

Prick an apple with a pin full of holes, not deep, and smear it with sack, to, see if the virtual heat of the wine will not mature it.

Bacon.

2. To advance towards perfection.

Love indulged my labors past,

Matures my present, and shall bound my last.

Pope.

Mature

MATU'RE, verb intransitive To advance toward ripeness; to become ripe or perfect. Wine matures by age, or by agitation in a long voyage. The judgment matures by age and experience.

Matured

MATU'RED, participle passive Ripened; advanced to perfection; prepared.

Maturely

MATU'RELY, adverb With ripeness; completely.

2. With full deliberation. A prince entering on war, ought maturely to consider the state of his finances.

3. Early; soon. [A Latinism, little used.]

Bentley.

Maturing

MATU'RING, participle of the present tense Ripening; being in or coming to a complete state.

Maturity

MATU'RITY, or MATU'RENESS, noun Ripeness; a state of perfection or completeness; as the maturity of age or of judgment; the maturity of corn or of grass; the maturity of a plan or scheme.

Matutinal

MAT'UTINAL, or MAT'UTINE, adjective [Latin matutinus.] Pertaining to the morning.

Herbert.

Matweed

MAT'WEED, noun A plant of the genus Lygeum.

Maudlin

MAUD'LIN, adjective [corrupted from Magdelen, who is drawn by painters with eyes swelled and red with weeping.]

Drunk; fuddled; approaching to intoxication; stupid.

And the kind maudlin crowd melts in her praise.

Southern.

Maudlin

MAUD'LIN, noun A plant of the genus Achillea.

Mauger

MAU'GER, adverb [French malgrÃƒ-©, ill will; mul and grÃƒ-©.]

In spite of; in opposition to; notwithstanding; used only in burlesque.

This, mauger all the world, will I keep safe.

Shak.

Maukin

MAUKIN. [See Malkin.]

Maul

MAUL, noun [Latin malleus. See Mall.] A heavy wooden hammer; written also mall.

Maul

MAUL, verb transitive To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudgel; to wound in a coarse manner.

Meek modern faith to murder, hack and maul.

Pope.

Maunch

MAUNCH, noun [French manche.] A loose sleeve. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Maund

MAUND, noun [Saxon and Dutch mand.] A hand-basket; a word used in Scotland.

Maund

MAUND, or MAUND'ER, verb transitive and i. To mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to beg.

Obs.

Maunder

MAUND'ER, noun A beggar.

Obs.

Maunderer

MAUND'ERER, noun A grumbler.

Obs.

Maundering

MAUND'ERING, noun Complaint.

Obs.

Maundy-Thursday

MAUNDY-THURSDAY, noun [supposed to be from Saxon mand, a basket; because on that day, princes used to give alms to the poor from their baskets; or from dies mandati, the day of command, on which day our Savior gave his great mandate, that we should love one another.

Lye. Johnson.]

The Thursday in passion week, or next before Good Friday.

Mausolean

MAUSOLE'AN, adjective Pertaining to a mausoleum; monumental.

Burton.

Mausoleum

MAUSOLE'UM, noun [Latin; French mausolÃƒ-©e; from Mausolus, king of Caria, to whom Artemisia, his widow, erected a stately monument.]

A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral monument.

Mauther

MAU'THER, noun A foolish young girl. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Mavis

MA'VIS, noun [French mauvis.] A bird, a species of Turdus.

Maw

MAW, noun [Saxon maga; Swedish mage; Dutch maag; German magen.]

1. The stomach of brutes; applied to the stomach of human beings in contempt only.

2. The craw of fowls.

Arbuthnot.

Mawk

MAWK, noun A maggot; a slattern. [Not in use.]

Mawkingly

MAWK'INGLY, adverb Slatternly; sluttishly.

Bp. Taylor.

Mawkish

MAWK'ISH, adjective Apt to cause satiety or lothing.

So sweetly mawkish, and so smoothly dull.

Pope.

Mawkishness

MAWK'ISHNESS, noun Aptness to cause lothing.

Mawky

MAWK'Y, adjective Maggoty. [Local.] Grose.

Mawmet

MAW'MET, noun [from Mahomet.] A puppet; anciently, an idol. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Mawmetry

MAW'METRY, noun The religion of Mohammed; also, idolatry. Obs.

Chaucer.

Mawmish

MAW'MISH, adjective [from maw, or mawmet.] Foolish; silly; idle; nauseous.

L'Estrange.

Mawworm

MAW'WORM, noun A worm that infests the stomach.

Harvey.

Maxillar

MAX'ILLAR, or MAX'ILLARY, adjective [Latin maxillaris, from maxilla, the jaw-bone; probably from the root of mash.]

Pertaining to the jaw; as the maxillary bones or glands.

Maxim

MAX'IM, noun [French maxime, Italian massima, Latin maximum, literally the greatest.]

1. An established principle or proposition; a principle generally received or admitted as true. It is nearly the same in popular usage, as axiom in philosophy and mathematics.

It is a maxim of state, that countries newly acquired and not settled, are matters of burden, rather than of strength.

Bacon.

It is their maxim, love is love's reward.

Dryden.

2. In music, the longest note formerly used, equal to two longs, or four breves.

Busby.

Maxim-Monger

MAX'IM-MONGER, noun One who deals much in maxims.

Chesterfield.

Maximum

MAX'IMUM, noun [Latin] In mathematics, the greatest number or quantity attainable in any given case; opposed to minimum.

May

MAY, noun [Latin Maius; French Mai; Italian Maggio; Spanish Mayo.]

1. The fifth month of the year, beginning with January, but the third, beginning with March, as was the ancient practice of the Romans.

2. [Gothic mawi. See Maid.] A young woman. Obs.

3. The early part of life.

His May of youth and bloom of lustihood.

Shak.

May

MAY, verb intransitive To gather flowers in May-morning.

Sidney.

May

MAY, verb aux.; pret. might. [Saxon magan, to be strong or able, to avail; Dutch meijen or moogen; German mÃƒ-¶gen; Russian mogu. The old pret. mought is obsolete, but not wholly extinct among our common people. The sense is to strain or press.]

1. To be possible. We say, a thing may be, or may not be; an event may happen; a thing may be done, if means are not wanting.

2. To have physical power; to be able.

Make the most of life you may.

Bourne.

3. To have moral power; to have liberty, leave, license or permission; to be permitted; to be allowed. A man may do what the laws permit. He may do what is not against decency, propriety or good manners. We may not violate the laws, or the rules of good breeding. I told the servant he might be absent.

Thou mayest be no longer steward. Luke 16.

4. It is used in prayer and petitions to express desire. O may we never experience the evils we dread. So also in expressions of good will. May you live happily, and be a blessing to your country. It was formerly used for can, and its radical sense is the same.

May be, it may be, are expressions equivalent to perhaps, by chance, peradventure, that is, it is possible to be.

May-Apple

MA'Y-APPLE, noun A plant of the genus Podophyllum.

May-Bloom

MA'Y-BLOOM, noun The hawthorn.

May-Bug

MA'Y-BUG, noun A chaffer.

Ainsworth.

May-Bush

MA'Y-BUSH, noun A plant of the genus Crataegus.

May-Day

MA'Y-DAY, noun The first day of May.

May-Dew

MA'Y-DEW, noun The dew of May, which is said to whiten linen, and to afford by repeated distillations, a red and odoriferous spirit. It has been supposed that from the preparation of this dew, the Rosicrucians took their name.

Encyc.

May-Duke

MA'Y-DUKE, noun A variety of the common cherry.

May-Flower

MA'Y-FLOWER, noun A plant; a flower that appears in May.

Bacon.

May-Fly

MA'Y-FLY, noun An insect or fly that appears in May.

Walton.

May-Game

MA'Y-GAME, noun Sport or diversion; play, such as is used on the first of May.

Dryden.

Maying

MA'YING, noun The gathering of flowers on May-day.

May-Lady

MA'Y-LADY, noun The queen or lady of May, in old May-games.

Dryden.

May-Lily

MA'Y-LILY, noun The lily of the valley, of the genus Convallaria.

May-Morn

MA'Y-MORN, noun Freshness; vigor.

Shak.

May-Pole

MA'Y-POLE, noun A pole to dance round in May; a long pole erected.

May-Weed

MA'Y-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Anthemis.

Mayhem

MAYHEM, [See Maim.]

Mayor

MA'YOR, noun [French maire; Norm. maeur, mair, meyre; Armoric mear; Welsh maer, one stationed, one that looks after or tends, one that keeps or guards, a provost, a mayor, a bailiff; maer y biswal, a land steward, the keeper of a cow-lare; maerdrev, a dairy hamlet; maerdy, a dairyfarm

maeron, a male-keeper or dairyfarmer; maeres, a female who looks after, a dairy-woman; maeroni, the office of a keeper, superintendency, mayoralty; Armoric miret, to keep, stop, hold, coinciding with French mirer, Latin miror, the primary sense of which is precisely the same as in the Armoric. See Admirable and Miracle. A mayor, then, was originally an overseer, and among country gentlemen, a steward, a kind of domestic bailiff; rendered in the writings of the middle ages, villicus. See Spelman ad voc. The derivation of the word from Latin major, is undoubtedly an error.]

The chief magistrate of a city, who, in London and York, is called lord mayor. The mayor of a city, in America, is the chief judge of the city court, and is assisted, in some cases at least, by two or more aldermen. To the lord mayor of London belong several courts of judicature, as the hustings, court of requests, and court of common council.

Mayoralty

MA'YORALTY, noun The office of a mayor.

Bacon.

Mayoress

MA'YORESS, noun The wife of a mayor.

Mazagan

MAZ'AGAN, noun A variety of the common bean, [vicia faba.]

Mazard

MAZ'ARD, noun [probably from the root of marsh; French machoire.]

1. The jaw. [Not used.]

Shak. Hudibras.

2. A kind of cherry.

Mazard

MAZ'ARD, verb transitive To knock on the head. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Mazarine

MAZARINE, noun A deep blue color.

2. A particular way of dressing fowls.

2. A little dish set in a larger one.

Ash.

Maze

MAZE, noun [Saxon mase, a whirlpool; Armoric mez, confusion or shame. The origin and affinities of this word are not ascertained.]

1. A winding and turning; perplexed state of things; intricacy; a state that embarrasses.

The ways of heaven are dark and intricate,

Puzzled with mazes, and perplexed with error.

Addison.

2. Confusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty.

3. A labyrinth.

Maze

MAZE, verb transitive To bewilder; to confound with intricacy; to amaze.

Spenser.

Maze

MAZE, verb intransitive To be bewildered. Obs.

Chaucer.

Mazedness

MA'ZEDNESS, noun Confusion; astonishment. Obs.

Chaucer.

Mazer

MA'ZER, noun A maple cup. Obs.

Spenser.

Mazological

MAZOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to mazology.

Mazologist

MAZOL'OGIST, noun One versed in mazology.

Mazology

MAZOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a breast, and, discourse.]

The doctrine or history of mammiferous animals.

Mazy

MA'ZY, adjective Winding; perplexed with turns and windings; intricate; as mazy error.

Milton.

To run the ring and trace the mazy round.

Dryden.

M. Dutch

M. Dutch Medicinoe Doctor, doctor of medicine.

Me

ME, pron. pers.; the objective case of I, answering to the oblique cases of ego, in Latin. [Saxon me; Gothic milk; German mich; French moi; Latin mihi; Spanish mi; Italian mi or me; Armoric me;

Portugese mim; Dutch my; Galic, mo; Hindoo, mejko; Sanscrit me. The Hindoos use me in the nominative, as in Celtic and French, mi, moi.]

Follow me; give to me; go with me. The phrase ``I followed me close,' is not in use. Before think, as in methinks, me is properly in the dative case, and the verb is impersonal; the construction is, it appears to me.

Meacock

ME'ACOCK, noun [Qu. meek and cock.] An uxorious, effeminate man. [Not used.]

Johnson.

Meacock

ME'ACOCK, adjective Lame; timorous; cowardly. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mead

MEAD, noun [Saxon medo, medu, mead or wine; Dutch meede; German meth; Danish miÃƒ-¶d; Welsh mez; Irish miodh or meadh; Armoric mez. In Greek is wine, as is madja in Sanscrit, and medo in Zend. In Russian med or meda is honey. If the word signifies primarily liquor in general, it may be allied to Greek, Latin madeo, to be wet. But it may have had its name from honey.]

A fermented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes enriched with spices.

Encyc.

Mead

MEAD, or MEADOW, n. meed, med'o. [Saxon maede, maedewe; German matte, a mat, and a meadow; Irish madh. The sense is extended or flat depressed land. It is supposed that this word enters into the name Mediolanum, now Milan, in Italy; that is, mead-land.]

A tract of low land. In America, the word is applied particularly to the low ground on the banks of rivers, consisting of a rich mold or an alluvial soil, whether grass land, pasture, tillage or wood land; as the meadows on the banks of the Connecticut. The word with us does not necessarily imply wet land. This species of land is called, in the western states, bottoms, or bottom land. The word is also used for other low or flat lands, particularly lands appropriated to the culture of grass.

The word is said to be applied in Great Britain to land somewhat watery, but covered with grass.

Johnson.

Meadow means pasture or grass land, annually mown for hay; but more particularly, land too moist for cattle to graze on in winter, without spoiling the sward.

Encyc. Cyc.

[Mead is used chiefly in poetry.]

Meadow-Ore

MEAD'OW-ORE, noun In mineralogy, conchoidal bog iron ore.

Ure.

Meadow-Rue

MEAD'OW-RUE, noun A plant of the genus Thalictrum.

Meadow-Saffron

MEAD'OW-SAFFRON, noun A plant of the genus Colchicum.

Meadow-Saxifrage

MEAD'OW-SAXIFRAGE, noun A plant of the genus Peucedanum.

Meadow-Sweet

MEAD'OW-SWEET, noun A plant of the genus Spiraea.

Meadow-Wort

MEAD'OW-WORT, noun A plant.

Drayton.

Meadowy

MEAD'OWY, adjective Containing meadow.

J. Barlow.

Meager

ME'AGER, adjective [French maigre; Spanish Italian magro; Latin macer; Dutch German Danish Swedish mager; Greek, small; allied to meek; Chaldee, to be thin, to be depressed, to subdue; Hebrews id. Class Mg. No. 2. 9. and 10. 13.]

1. Thin; lean; destitute of flesh or having little flesh; applied to animals.

Meager were his looks,

Sharp misery had worn him to the bones.

Shak.

2. Poor; barren; destitute of richness, fertility, or any thing valuable; as a meager soil; meager limestone.

Journ. of Science.

3. Barren; poor; wanting strength of diction, or richness of ideas or imagery; as a meager style or composition; meager annals.

Meager

ME'AGER, verb transitive To make lean. [Not used.]

Knolles.

Meagerly

ME'AGERLY, adverb Poorly; thinly.

Meagerness

ME'AGERNESS, noun Leanness; want of flesh.

2. Poorness; barrenness; want of fertility or richness.

3. Scantiness; barrenness; as the meagerness of service.

Bacon.

Meak

MEAK, noun A hook with a long handle.

Tusser.

Meal

MEAL, noun [Saxon moel, a part or portion; Dutch maal; German mahl; probably from breaking. See the next word.]

1. A portion of food taken at one time; a repast. It is customary in the U. States to eat three meals in a day. The principal meal of our ancestors was dinner, at noon.

2. A part; a fragment; in the word piecemeal.

Meal

MEAL, noun [Saxon mealewe, melewe; German mehl; Swedish mi?l; Danish Dutch meel; German mehlicht, mealy, mellow; Welsh mÃƒ-¢l; bruised, ground, smooth. This word seems to be allied to mill, Latin mola, and to Latin mollis, mellow. The radical sense is probably to break, comminute, or grind to fine particles, and hence the sense of softness; or the sense of softness may be from yielding or smoothness, and the verb may be from the noun.]

1. The substance of edible grain ground to fine particles, and not bolted or sifted. Meal primarily includes the bran as well as the flour. Since bolting has been generally practiced, the word meal is not generally applied to the finer part, or flour, at least in the United States, though I believe it is sometimes so used. In New England, meal is now usually applied to ground maiz, whether bolted or unbolted, called Indian meal, or corn-meal. The words wheat-meal and rye-meal are rarely used, though not wholly extinct; and meal occurs also in oatmeal.

2. Flour; the finer part of pulverized grain.

[This sense is now uncommon.]

Meal

MEAL, verb transitive To sprinkle with meal, or to mix meal with. [Little used.]

Mealiness

ME'ALINESS, noun The quality of being mealy; softness or smoothness to the touch.

Meal-Man

MEA'L-MAN, noun A man that deals in meal.

Meal-Time

ME'AL-TIME, noun The usual time of eating meals.

Mealy

ME'ALY, adjective Having the qualities of meal; soft; smooth to the feel.

2. Like meal; farinaceous; soft, dry and friable; as a mealy potatoe; a mealy apple.

3. Overspread with something that resembles meal; as the mealy wings of an insect.

Thomson.

Mealy-Mouthed

ME'ALY-MOUTHED, adjective Literally, having a soft mouth; hence, unwilling to tell the truth in plain language; inclined to speak of any thing in softer terms than the truth will warrant.

L'Estrange.

Mealy-Mouthedness

MEALY-MOUTH'EDNESS, noun Inclination to express the truth in soft words, or to disguise the plain fact; reluctance to tell the plain truth.

Mean

MEAN, adjective [Saxon moene, gemoene; the latter word signifies common, Latin communis. Mean coincides in elements with Saxon moeneg, many, and the primary sense may be a crowd, like vulgar, from Latin vulgus. If the primary sense is small, it coincides with Irish mion, Welsh mÃƒ-¢n or main, French menu, Italian meno, Latin minor and minuo, to diminish; but I think the word belongs to the root of common. See Class Mn. No. 2 and 5.]

1. Wanting dignity; low in rank or birth; as a man of mean parentage, mean birth or origin.

2. Wanting dignity of mind; low minded; base; destitute of honor; spiritless.

Can you imagine I so mean could prove,

To save my life by changing of my love?

Dryden.

3. Contemptible; despicable.

The Roman legions and great Cesar found

Our fathers no mean foes.

Philips.

4. Of little value; low in worth or estimation; worthy of little or no regard.

We fast, not to please men, nor to promote any mean worldly interest.

Smalridge.

5. Of little value; humble; poor; as a mean abode; a mean dress.

Mean

MEAN, adjective [French moyen; Spanish Portugese mediano; Latin medium, medius; Irish meadhan. See Middle.]

1. Middle; at an equal distance from the extremes; as the mean distance; the mean proportion between quantities; the mean ratio.

According to the fittest style of lofty, mean, or lowly.

Milton.

2. Intervening; intermediate; coming between; as in the mean time or while.

Mean

MEAN, noun The middle point or place; the middle rate or degree; mediocrity; medium. Observe the golden mean.

There is a mean in all things.

Dryden.

But no authority of gods or men

Allow of any mean in poesy.

Roscommon.

2. Intervening time; interval of time; interim; meantime.

And in the mean, vouchsafe her honorable tomb.

Spenser.

Here is an omission of time or while.

3. Measure; regulation. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

4. Instrument; that which is used to effect an object; the medium through which something is done.

The virtuous conversation of christians was a mean to work the conversion of the heathen to Christ.

Hooker.

In this sense, means, in the plural, is generally used, and often with a definitive and verb in the singular.

By this means he had them more at vantage.

Bacon.

A good character, when established, should not be rested on as an end, but employed as a means of doing good.

Atterbury.

5. Means, in the plural, income, revenue, resources, substance or estate, considered as the instrument of effecting any purpose. He would have built a house, but he wanted means.

Your means are slender.

Shak.

6. Instrument of action or performance.

By all means, without fail. Go, by all means.

By no means, not at all; certainly not; not in any degree.

The wine on this side of the lake is by no means so good as that on the other.

Addison.

By no manner of means, by no means; not the least.

Burke.

By any means, possibly; at all.

If by any means I might attain to the resurrection of the dead. Philippians 3.

Meantime, or Meanwhile, in the intervening time. [In this use of these words there is an omission of in or in the; in the meantime.]

Mean

MEAN, verb transitive pret. and pp. meant; pronounced ment. [Saxon moenan, menan, to mean, to intend, also to relate, to recite or tell, also to moan, to lament; German meinen; Dutch meenen; Swedish mena; Danish meener, mener; Russian mnyu, to think or believe; Irish smuainim. It coincides in origin with Latin mens, mind. The primary sense is to set or to thrust forward, to reach, stretch or extend. So in Latin intendo, to stretch onward or towards, and propono, to propose, to set or put forward.]

1. To have in the mind, view or contemplation; to intend.

What mean you by this service? Exodus 12.

2. To intend; to purpose; to design, with reference to a future act.

Ye thought evil against me, but God meant it for good. Genesis 50.

3. To signify; to indicate.

What mean these seven ewe lambs? Genesis 21.

What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? 1 Samuel 4.

Go ye, and learn what that meanethÃ‚-- Matthew 9.

Mean

MEAN, verb intransitive To have thought or ideas; or to have meaning.

Pope.

Meander

MEAN'DER, noun [the name of a winding river in Phrygia.]

1. A winding course; a winding or turning in a passage; as the meanders of the veins and arteries.

Hale.

While lingering rivers in meanders glide.

Blackmore.

2. A maze; a labyrinth; perplexity; as the meanders of the law.

Arbuthnot.

Meander

MEAN'DER, verb transitive To wind, turn or flow round; to make flexuous.

Drayton.

Meander

MEAN'DER, verb intransitive To wind or turn in a course or passage; to be intricate.

Shenstone.

Meandering

MEAN'DERING, participle of the present tense or adjective Winding in a course, passage or current.

Meandrian

MEAN'DRIAN, adjective Winding; having many turns.

Meaning

ME'ANING, participle of the present tense Having in mind; intending; signifying.

Meaning

ME'ANING, noun That which exists in the mind, view or contemplation as a settled aim or purpose, though not directly expressed. We say, this or that is not his meaning.

2. Intention; purpose; aim; with reference to a future act.

I am no honest man, if there be any good meaning towards you.

Shak.

3. Signification. What is the meaning of all this parade? The meaning of a hieroglyphic is not always obvious.

4. The sense of words or expressions; that which is to be understood; signification; that which the writer or speaker intends to express or communicate. Words have a literal meaning, or a metaphorical meaning, and it is not always easy to ascertain the real meaning.

5. Sense; power of thinking. [Little used.]

Meanly

ME'ANLY, adverb [See Mean.] Moderately; not in a great degree.

In the reign of Domitian, poetry was meanly cultivated. [Not used.]

Dryden.

2. Without dignity or rank; in a low condition; as meanly born.

3. Poorly; as meanly dressed.

4. Without greatness or elevation of mind; without honor; with a low mind or narrow views. He meanly declines to fulfill his promise.

Would you meanly thus rely

On power, you know, I must obey?

Prior.

5. Without respect; disrespectfully. We cannot bear to hear others speak meanly of our kindred.

Meanness

ME'ANNESS, noun Want of dignity or rank; low state; as meanness of birth or condition. Poverty is not always meanness; it may be connected with it, but men of dignified minds and manners are often poor.

2. Want of excellence of any kind; poorness; rudeness.

This figure is of a later date, by the meanness of the workmanship.

Addison.

3. Lowness of mind; want of dignity and elevation; want of honor. Meanness in men incurs contempt. All dishonesty is meanness.

4. Sordidness; niggardliness; opposed to liberality or charitableness. Meanness is very different from frugality.

5. Want of richness; poorness; as the meanness of dress or equipage.

Meant

MEANT, preterit tense and participle passive of mean.

Mear

MEAR. [See Mere.]

Mease

ME'ASE, noun [from the root of measure.] The quantity of 500; as a mease of herrings. [Not used in America.]

Measle

MEASLE, n. mee'zled. A leper. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Measled

MEASLED, a. mee'zled. [See Measles.] Infected or spotted with measles.

Measles

MEASLES, n. mee'zles; with a plural termination. [German maser, a spot; masig, measled; Dutch mazelen; from sprinkling or from mixing. Class Ms. No. 14. 15.]

1. A contagious disease of the human body, usually characterized by an eruption of small red points or spots, from which it has its name.

2. A disease of swine.

B. Jonson.

3. A disease of trees.

Mortimer.

Measly

MEASLY, a. mee'zly. Infected with measles or eruptions.

Swift.

Measurable

MEASURABLE, a. mezh'urable. [See Measure.]

1. That may be measured; susceptible of mensuration or computation.

Bentley.

2. Moderate; in small quantity or extent.

Measurableness

MEASURABLENESS, n. mezh'urableness. The quality of admitting mensuration.

Measurably

MEASURABLY, adv. mezh'urably. Moderately; in a limited degree.

Measure

MEASURE, n. mezh'ur. [French mesure; Italian misura; Spanish medida; Armoric musur or musul; Irish meas; Welsh meidyr and mesur; German mass, measure, and messen, to measure;

Dutch maat; Swedish matt; Danish maade, measure, and mode; Latin mensura, from mensus, with a casual n, the participle of metior, to measure, to mete; Greek,. With these correspond the meet, fit, proper, and meet, the verb; Saxon gemet, meet, fit; metan and gemettan, to meet or meet with, to find, to mete or measure, and to paint. The sense is to come to, to fall, to happen, and this sense is connected with that of stretching, extending, that is, reaching to; the latter gives the sense of measure. We find in Hebrew measure; to mete, to measure. This word in Arabic madda, signifies to stretch or extend, to draw out in length or time; as do other verbs with the same elements, under one of which we find the meta of the Latins. The Chaldee signifies to come to, to arrive, to reach, to be mature, and, in Hebrew Chaldee and Ethiopic signifies to find, to come to. Now the Saxon verb unites in itself the significations of all three of the oriental verbs.]

1. The whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, breadth and thickness.

The measure thereof is longer than the earth and broader than the sea. Job 11.

It is applied also to length or to breadth separately.

2. That by which extent or dimension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, capacity, or amount; as, a rod or pole is a measure of five yards and a half; an inch, a foot, a yard, are measures of length; a gallon is a measure of capacity. Weights and measures should be uniform. Silver and gold are the common measure of value.

3. A limited or definite quantity; as a measure of wine or beer.

4. Determined extent or length; limit.

Lord, make me to know my end, and the measure of my days. Psalm 39.

5. A rule by which any thing is adjusted or proportioned.

God's goodness is the measure of his providence.

More.

6. Proportion; quantity settled.

I enter not into the particulars of the law of nature, or its measures of punishment; yet there is such a law.

Locke.

7. Full or sufficient quantity.

I'll never pause again,

Till either death hath clos'd these eyes of mine,

Or fortune given me measure of revenge.

Shak.

8. Extent of power or office.

We will not boast of things without our measure. 2 Corinthians 10.

9. Portion allotted; extent of ability.

If else thou seekest

Aught not surpassing human measure, say.

Milton.

10. Degree; quantity indefinite.

I have laid down, in some measure, the description of the old world.

Abbot.

A great measure of discretion is to be used in the performance of confession.

Taylor.

11. In music, that division by which the motion of music is regulated; or the interval or space of time between the rising and falling of the hand or foot of him who beats time. This measure regulates the time of dwelling on each note. The ordinary or common measure is one second.

Encyc.

12. In poetry, the measure or meter is the manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or the long and short syllables. Thus hexameter, pentameter, Iambic, Sapphic verses, &c. consist of different measures.

Encyc.

13. In dancing, the interval between steps, corresponding to the interval between notes in the music.

My legs can keep no measure in delight.

Shak.

14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or unity, to which the ratio of other homogeneous or similar quantities is expressed.

Encyc.

15. Means to an end; an act, step or proceeding towards the accomplishment of an object; an extensive signification of the word, applicable to almost every act preparatory to a final end, and by which it is to be attained. Thus we speak of legislative measures, political measures, public measures, prudent measures, a rash measure, effectual measures, inefficient measures.

In measure, with moderation; without excess.

Without measure, without limits; very largely or copiously.

To have hard measure, to be harshly or oppressively treated.

Lineal or long measure, measure of length; the measure of lines or distances.

Liquid measure, the measure of liquors.

Measure

MEASURE, v. t. mezh'ur. To compute or ascertain extent, quantity, dimensions or capacity by a certain rule; as, to measure land; to measure distance; to measure the altitude of a mountain; to measure the capacity of a ship or of a cask.

2. To ascertain the degree of any thing; as, to measure the degrees of heat, or of moisture.

3. To pass through or over.

We must measure twenty miles to day.

Shak.

The vessel plows the sea,

And measures back with speed her former way.

Dryden.

4. To judge of distance, extent or quantity; as, to measure any thing by the eye.

Great are they works, Jehovah, infinite

Thy power; what thought can measure thee?

Milton.

5. To adjust; to proportion.

To secure a contented spirit, measure your desires by your fortunes, not your fortunes by your desires.

Taylor.

6. To allot or distribute by measure.

With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. Matthew 7.

Measured

MEASURED, pp. mezh'ured. Computed or ascertained by a rule; adjusted; proportioned; passed over.

2. adjective Equal; uniform; steady. He walked with measured steps.

Measureless

MEASURELESS, a. mezh'urless. Without measure; unlimited; immeasurable.

Shak.

Measurement

MEASUREMENT, n. mezh'urment. The act of measuring; mensuration.

Burke.

Measurer

MEASURER, n. mezh'urer. One who measures; one whose occupation or duty is to measure commodities in market.

Measuring

MEASURING, ppr. mezh'uring. Computing or ascertaining length, dimensions, capacity or amount.

2. a. A measuring cast, a throw or cast that requires to be measured, or not to be distinguished from another but by measuring.

Waller.

Meat

MEAT, noun [Saxon moete, mete; Gothic mats; Swedish mat; Danish mad; Hindoo, mas. In Welsh maethu signifies to feed, to nourish, Cornish methia. In the language of the Mohegans, in America, meetseh signifies, eat thou; meetsoo, he eats. Qu. maiz and mast.]

1. Food in general; any thing eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast.

And God said, Behold, I have given you every herbÃ‚--to you it shall be for meat. Genesis 1.

Every moving thing that liveth, shall be meat for you. Genesis 9.

Thy carcase shall be meat to all fowls of the air. Deuteronomy 28.

2. The flesh of animals used as food. This is now the more usual sense of the word. The meat of carnivorous animals is tough, coarse and ill flavored. The meat of herbivorous animals is generally palatable.

3. In Scripture, spiritual food; that which sustains and nourishes spiritual life or holiness.

My flesh is meat indeed. John 6.

4. Spiritual comfort; that which delights the soul.

My meat is to do the will of him that sent me. John 4.

5. Products of the earth proper for food. Habakkuk 3.

6. The more abstruse doctrines of the gospel, or mysteries of religion. Hebrews 5.

7. Ceremonial ordinances. Hebrews 13.

To sit at meat, to sit or recline at the table.

Scripture.

Meated

ME'ATED, adjective Fed; fattened. [Not used.]

Tusser.

Meathe

MEATHE, noun [Welsh mez. See Mead.] Liquor or drink. [Not used.]

Milton.

Meat-Offering

ME'AT-OFFERING, noun An offering consisting of meat or food.

Meaty

ME'ATY, adjective Fleshy, but not fat. [Local.]

Grose.

Meawl

MEAWL. [See Mewl.]

Meazling

ME'AZLING, participle of the present tense Falling in small drops; properly mizzling, or rather mistling, from mist.

Arbuthnot.

Mechanic

MECHAN'IC, or MECHAN'ICAL, adjective [Latin mechanicus; French mechanique; Greek, from, a machine.]

1. Pertaining to machines, or to the art of constructing machines; pertaining to the art of making wares, goods, instruments, furniture, &c. We say, a man is employed in mechanical labor; he lives by mechanical occupation.

2. Constructed or performed by the rules or laws of mechanics. The work is not mechanical.

3. Skilled in the art of making machines; bred to manual labor.

Johnson.

4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics; vulgar.

To make a god, a hero or a king,

Descend to a mechanic dialect.

Roscommon.

5. Pertaining to the principles of mechanics, in philosophy; as mechanical powers or forces; a mechanical principle.

6. Acting by physical power; as mechanical pressure.

The terms mechanical and chimical, are thus distinguished: those changes which bodies undergo without altering their constitution, that is, losing their identity, such as changes of place, of figure, &c. are mechanical; those which alter the constitution of bodies, making them different substances, as when flour, yeast and water unite to form bread, are chimical. In the one case, the changes relate to masses of matter, as the motions of the heavenly bodies, or the action of the wind on a ship under sail; in the other case, the changes occur between the parties of matter, as the action of heat in melting lead, or the union of sand and lime forming mortar. Most of what are usually called the mechanic arts, are partly mechanical, and partly chimical.

Mechanic

MECHAN'IC, noun A person whose occupation is to construct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture, and the like.

2. One skilled in a mechanical occupation or art.

Mechanically

MECHAN'ICALLY, adverb According to the laws of mechanism, or good workmanship.

2. By physical force or power.

3. By the laws of motion, without intelligence or design, or by the force of habit. We say, a man arrives to such perfection in playing on an instrument, that his fingers move mechanically.

Mechanically turned or inclined, naturally or habitually disposed to use mechanical arts.

Swift.

Mechanicalness

MECHAN'ICALNESS, noun The state of being mechanical, or governed by mechanism.

Mechanician

MECHANI'CIAN, noun One skilled in mechanics.

Mechanics

MECHAN'ICS, noun That science which treats of the doctrines of motion. It investigates the forces by which bodies are kept either in equilibrium or in motion, and is accordingly divided into statics and dynamics.

A mathematical science which shows the effects of powers or moving forces, so far as they are applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of motion.

Harris.

It is a well known truth in mechanics, that the actual and theoretical powers of a machine will never coincide.

J. Appleton.

Mechanism

MECH'ANISM, noun The construction of a machine, engine or instrument, intended to apply power to a useful purpose; the structure of parts, or manner in which the parts of a machine are united to answer its design.

2. Action of a machine, according to the laws of mechanics.

Mechanist

MECH'ANIST, noun The maker of machines, or one skilled in mechanics.

Mechlin

MECH'LIN, noun A species of lace, made at Mechlin.

Mechoacan

MECHO'ACAN, noun White jalap, the root of an American species of Convolvulus, from Mechoacan, in Mexico; a purgative of slow operation, but safe.

Encyc.

Meconiate

MECO'NIATE, noun A salt consisting of meconic acid and a base.

Meconic

MECON'IC, adjective Meconic acid is an acid contained in opium.

Meconite

MEC'ONITE, noun A small sandstone; ammite.

Coxe. De Costa.

Meconium

MECO'NIUM, noun [Greek, from, poppy.]

1. The juice of the white poppy, which has the virtues of opium.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. The first faeces of infants.

Coxe.

Medal

MED'AL, noun [French medaille; Italian medaglia; Spanish medalla; Armoric metallinn; from Latin metallum, metal. Qu. Arabic matala, to beat or extend by beating. Class Md. No. 45.]

An ancient coin, or a piece of metal in the form of a coin, stamped with some figure or device to preserve the portrait of some distinguished person, or the memory of an illustrious action or event.

Medallic

MEDAL'LIC, adjective Pertaining to a medal or to medals.

Addison.

Medallion

MEDAL'LION, noun [French; from medal.] A large antique stamp or medal.

2. The representation of a medallion.

Medallist

MED'ALLIST, noun A person that is skilled or curious in medals.

Johnson.

Meddle

MED'DLE, verb intransitive [Dutch middelen, to mediate; German mittler, middle, and mediator; Swedish medlare; Danish midlar, a mediator. Qu. Swedish meddela, Danish meddeler, to communicate or participate; med, with, and dela, deeler, to deal. Meddle seems to be connected with medley, a mixture. Chaucer and Spenser use medle, to mix, and the German mittler is evidently from mitte, mittel, middle, which seems to be connected with mit, with. In Welsh mid signifies an inclosure. Perhaps all these words may belong to one family.]

1. To have to do; to take part; to interpose and act in the concerns of others, or in affairs in which one's interposition is not necessary; often with the sense of intrusion or officiousness.

I have thus far been an upright judge, not meddling with the design nor disposition.

Dryden.

What hast thou to do to meddle with the affairs of my family?

Arbuthnot.

Why should'st thou meddle to thy hurt? 2 Kings 14.

2. To have to do; to touch; to handle. Meddle not with edge-tools, is an admonition to children. When the object is specified, meddle is properly followed by with or in; usually by the former.

The civil lawyersÃ‚--have meddled in a matter that belongs not to them.

Locke.

Meddle

MED'DLE, verb transitive To mix; to mingle.

He meddled his talk with many a tear. Obs.

Spenser.

Meddler

MED'DLER, noun One that meddles; one that interferes or busies himself with things in which he has no concern; an officious person; a busy body.

Bacon.

Meddlesome

MED'DLESOME, adjective Given to meddling; apt to interpose in the affairs of others; officiously intrusive.

Meddlesomeness

MED'DLESOMENESS, noun Officious interposition in the affairs of others.

Barrow.

Meddling

MED'DLING, participle of the present tense Having to do; touching; handling; officiously interposing in other men's concerns.

2. adjective Officious; busy in other men's affairs; as a meddling neighbor.

Medial

ME'DIAL, adjective [Latin medius, middle.] Mean; noting a mean or average.

Medial alligation, is a method of finding the mean rate or value of a mixture consisting of two or more ingredients of different quantities and values. In this case, the quantity and value of each ingredient are given.

Mediant

ME'DIANT, noun In music, an appellation given to the third above the key-note, because it divides the interval between the tonic and dominant into two thirds.

Rousseau. Busby.

Mediate

ME'DIATE, adjective [French mediat; Italian mediato; from Latin medius, middle.] Middle; being between the two extremes.

Anxious we hover in a mediate state. Prior.

2. Interposed; intervening; being between two objects.

Soon the mediate clouds shall be dispelled.

Prior.

3. Acting by means, or by an intervening cause or instrument. Thus we speak of mediate and immediate causes. The wind that propels a ship is the immediate cause of its motion; the oar with which a man rows a boat is the immediate cause of its motion; but the rower is the mediate cause, acting by means of the oar.

Mediate

ME'DIATE, verb intransitive To interpose between parties, as the equal friend of each; to act indifferently between contending parties, with a view to reconciliation; to intercede. The prince that mediates between nations and prevents a war, is the benefactor of both parties.

2. To be between two. [Little used.]

Digby.

Mediate

ME'DIATE, verb transitive To effect by mediation or interposition between parties; as, to mediate a peace.

Clarendon.

2. To limit by something in the middle. [Not used.]

Holder.

Mediately

ME'DIATELY, adverb By means or by a secondary cause, acting between the first cause and the effect.

God worketh all things amongst us mediately, by secondary means.

Raleigh.

The king grants a manor to A, and A grants a portion of it to B. In this case, B holds his lands immediately of A, but mediately of the king.

Blackstone.

Mediation

MEDIA'TION, noun [French from Latin medius, middle.]

1. Interposition; intervention; agency between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them. The contentions of individuals and families are often terminated by the mediation of friends. The controversies of nations are sometimes adjusted by mediation. The reconciliation of sinners to God by the mediation of Christ, is a glorious display of divine benevolence.

2. Agency interposed; intervenient power.

The soul, during its residence in the body, does all things by the mediation of the passions.

South.

3. Intercession; entreaty for another.

Mediator

MEDIA'TOR, noun [French mediateur.] One that interposes between parties at variance for the purpose of reconciling them.

2. By way of eminence, Christ is THE MEDIATOR, the divine intercessor through whom sinners may be reconciled to an offended God. Tim. 2.

Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both natures divine and human; and mediator by office, as transacting matters between God and man.

Waterland.

Mediatorial

MEDIATO'RIAL, adjective Belonging to a mediator; as mediatorial office or character. [Mediatory is not used.]

Mediatorship

MEDIA'TORSHIP, noun The office of a mediator.

Mediatress

MEDIA'TRESS, or MEDIA'TRIX, noun A female mediator.

Ainsworth.

Medic

MED'IC, noun A plant of the genus Medicago.

The sea-medic is of the same genus; the medic vetch is of the genus Hedysarum.

Fam. of Plants.

Medicable

MED'ICABLE, adjective [See Medical.] That may be cured or healed.

Medical

MED'ICAL, adjective [Latin medicus, from medeor, to heal; Greek,; cure.]

1. Pertaining to the art of healing diseases; as the medical profession; medical services.

2. Medicinal; containing that which heals; tending to cure; as the medical properties of a plant.

Medically

MED'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of medicine; according to the rules of the healing art, or for the purpose of healing; as a simple or mineral medically used or applied.

2. In relation to the healing art; as a plant medically considered.

Medicament

MED'ICAMENT, noun [French from Latin medicamentum.]

Any thing used for healing diseases or wounds; a medicine; a healing application.

Coxe.

Medicamental

MEDICAMENT'AL, adjective Relating to healing applications; having the qualities of medicaments.

Medicamentally

MEDICAMENT'ALLY, adverb After the manner of healing applications.

Medicaster

MED'ICASTER, noun A quack.

Whitlock.

Medicate

MED'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin medico.] To tincture or impregnate with healing substances, or with any thing medicinal.

Arbuthnot.

Medicated

MED'ICATED, participle passive Prepared or furnished with any thing medicinal.

Medicating

MED'ICATING, participle of the present tense Impregnating with medical substances; preparing with any thing medicinal.

Medication

MEDICA'TION, noun The act or process of impregnating with medicinal substances; the infusion of medicinal virtues.

Bacon.

2. The use of medicine.

Brown.

Medicinable

MEDIC'INABLE, adjective Having the properties of medicine; medicinal. [The latter is the word now used.]

Bacon. Wotton.

Medicinal

MEDIC'INAL, adjective [Latin medicinalis.] Having the property of healing or of mitigating disease; adapted to the cure or alleviation of bodily disorders; as medicinal plants; medicinal virtues of minerals; medicinal springs. The waters of Saratoga and Ballston are remarkably medicinal.

2. Pertaining to medicine; as medicinal days or hours.

Quincy.

Medicinally

MEDIC'INALLY, adverb In the manner of medicine; with medicinal qualities.

2. With a view to healing; as, to use a mineral medicinally.

Medicine

MED'ICINE, noun [Latin medicina, from medeor, to cure; vulgarly and improperly pronounced med'sn.]

1. Any substance, liquid or solid, that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in animals, or that is used for that purpose. Simples, plants and minerals furnish most of our medicines. Even poisons used with judgment and in moderation, are safe and efficacious medicines. Medicines are internal or external, simple or compound.

2. The art of preventing, curing or alleviating the diseases of the human body. Hence we say, the study of medicine, or a student of medicine.

3. In the French sense, a physician. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Medicine

MED'ICINE, verb transitive To affect or operate on as medicine. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mediety

MEDI'ETY, noun [French medietÃƒ-©; Latin medietas; from Latin medius, middle.]

The middle state or part; half; moiety. [Little used.]

Brown.

Medin

ME'DIN, noun A small coin.

Mediocral

MEDIO'CRAL, adjective [Latin mediocris.] Being of a middle quality; indifferent; ordinary; as mediocral intellect. [Rare.]

Addison.

Mediocrist

ME'DIOCRIST, noun A person of middling abilities. [Not used.]

Swift.

Mediocrity

MEDIOC'RITY, noun [Latin mediocritas, from mediocris, middling; medius, middle.]

1. A middle state or degree; a moderate degree or rate. A mediocrity of condition is most favorable to morals and happiness. A mediocrity of talents well employed will generally ensure respectability.

Men of age seldom drive business home to the full period, but content themselves with a mediocrity of success.

Bacon.

2. Moderation; temperance.

We owe obedience to the law of reason, which teacheth mediocrity in meats and drinks.

Hooker.

Meditate

MED'ITATE, verb intransitive [Latin meditor; Spanish meditar; French mediter.]

1. To dwell on any thing in thought; to contemplate; to study; to turn or revolve any subject in the mind; appropriately but not exclusively used of pious contemplation, or a consideration of the great truths of religion.

His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law doth he meditate day and night. Psalm 1.

2. To intend; to have in contemplation.

I mediate to pass the remainder of life in a state of undisturbed repose.

Washington.

Meditate

MED'ITATE, verb transitive To plan by revolving in the mind; to contrive; to intend.

Some affirmed that I meditated a war.

King Charles.

2. To think on; to revolve in the mind.

Blessed is the man that doth meditate good things.

Ecclus.

Meditated

MED'ITATED, participle passive Planned; contrived.

Meditating

MED'ITATING, participle of the present tense Revolving in the mind; contemplating; contriving.

Meditation

MEDITA'TION, noun [Latin meditatio.] Close or continued thought; the turning or revolving of a subject in the mind; serious contemplation.

Let the words of my mouth and the meditations of my heart be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength and my Redeemer. Psalm 19.

Meditative

MED'ITATIVE, adjective Addicted to meditation.

Ainsworth.

2. Expressing meditation or design.

Johnson.

Mediterrane

MEDITERRA'NE, or MEDITERRA'NEAN, or MEDITERRA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin medius, middle, and terra, land.]

1. Inclosed or nearly inclosed with land; as the Mediterranean sea, between Europe and Africa. [Mediterrane is not used.]

2. Inland; remote from the ocean or sea; as mediterraneous mountains.

Burnet.

Medium

ME'DIUM, noun plu. mediums; media not being generally, though sometimes used. [Latin] In philosophy, the space or substance through which a body moves or passes to any point. Thus ether is supposed to be the medium through which the planets move; air is the medium through which bodies move near the earth; water the medium in which fishes live and move; glass a medium through which light passes; and we speak of a resisting medium, a refracting medium, &c.

2. In logic, the mean or middle term of a syllogism, or the middle term in an argument, being the reason why a thing is affirmed or denied.

Nothing can be honorable that violates moral principle.

Dueling violates moral principle.

Therefore dueling is not honorable.

Here the second term is the medium, mean, or middle term.

3. Arithmetical medium, that which is equally distant from each extreme, or which exceeds the lesser extreme as much as it is exceeded by the greater, in respect of quantity, not of proportion. Thus, 9 is a medium between 6 and 12.

4. Geometrical medium, is that wherein the same ratio is preserved between the first and second terms, as between the second and third. Thus, 6 is a geometrical medium between 4 and 9.

Encyc.

In the three last senses or applications, mean is more generally used for medium.

5. The means or instrument by which any thing is accomplished, conveyed or carried on. Thus money is the medium of commerce; coin is the common medium of trade among all civilized nations, but wampum is the medium of trade among the Indian tribes, and bills of credit or bank notes are often used as mediums of trade in the place of gold and silver. Intelligence is communicated through the medium of the press.

6. The middle place or degree; the mean.

The just medium of this case lies between pride and abjection.

L'Estrange.

7. A kind of printing paper of middle size.

Medlar

MED'LAR, noun [Latin mespilus.] A tree and a genus of trees, called Mespilus; also, the fruit of the tree. The German or common medlar is cultivated in gardens for its fruit.

Encyc.

Medle

MED'LE, verb transitive To mix; not used, but hence,

Medley

MED'LEY, noun A mixture; a mingled and confused mass of ingredients; used often or commonly with some degree of contempt.

This medley of philosophy and war.

Addison.

Love is a medley of endearments, jars, suspicions, reconcilements, warsÃ‚--then peace again.

Walsh.

Medley

MED'LEY, adjective Mingled; confused. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Medullar

MEDUL'LAR, or MED'ULLARY, adjective [Latin medullaris, from medulla, marrow; Welsh madruz; allied to matter, that is, soft.]

Pertaining to marrow; consisting of marrow; resembling marrow; as medullary substance.

Medullin

MEDUL'LIN, noun [Latin medulla.] The pith of the sunflower, which has neither taste nor smell. It is insoluble in water, ether, alcohol and oils, but soluble in nitric acid, and instead of yielding suberic acid, it yields the oxalic.

Cyc.

Meed

MEED, noun [Saxon med, Greek, German miethe, hire; Sanscrit medha, a gift.]

1. Reward; recompense; that which is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit.

Thanks to men

Of noble minds is honorable meed.

Shak.

2. A gift or present. [Not used.]

Shak.

Meek

MEEK, adjective [Swedish miuk, soft, tender; Danish myg; Spanish mego; Portugese meigo; German gemach. The primary sense is flowing, liquid, or thin, attenuated, and allied to muck, Latin mucus, mucilage, Hebrew Chaldee, to melt. Class Mg. No. 8. See also No. 10. and No. 2. 9. 13.]

1. Mild of temper; soft; gentle; not easily provoked or irritated; yielding; given to forbearance under injuries.

Now the man Moses was very meek, above all men. Numbers 12.

2. Appropriately, humble, in an evangelical sense; submissive to the divine will; not proud, self-sufficient or refractory; not peevish and apt to complain of divine dispensations. Christ says, ``Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart, and ye shall find rest to your souls.' Matthew 11.

Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Matthew 5.

Meeken

MEE'KEN, v. t. mee'kn. To make meek; to soften; to render mild.

Thomson.

Meekly

MEE'KLY, adverb Mildly; gently; submissively; humbly; not proudly or roughly.

And this mis-seeming discord meekly lay aside.

Spenser.

Meekness

MEE'KNESS, noun Softness of temper; mildness; gentleness; forbearance under injuries and provocations.

2. In an evangelical sense, humility; resignation; submission to the divine will, without murmuring or peevishness; opposed to pride, arrogance and refractoriness. Galatians 5.

I beseech you by the meekness of Christ. I Corinthians 10.

Meekness is a grace which Jesus alone inculcated, and which no ancient philosopher seems to have understood or recommended.

Buckminster.

Meer

MEER, adjective Simple; unmixed; usually written mere.

Meer

MEER, noun A lake; a boundary. [See Mere.]

Meered

MEE'RED, adjective Relating to a boundary. [See Mere.]

Shak.

Meerschaum

MEER'SCHAUM, noun [German sea-foam.] A hydrate of magnesia combined with silex. It occurs in beds in Natolia, and when first taken out, is soft, and makes lather like soap. It is manufactured into tobacco pipes, which are boiled in oil or wax, and baked.

Cyc.

Meet

MEET, adjective [Saxon gemet, with a prefix, from the root of metan, gemetan, to meet, to find, that is, to come to, to come together. So the equivalent word convenient, is from Latin convenio.]

Fit; suitable; proper; qualified; convenient; adapted, as to a use or purpose.

Ye shall pass over armed before your brethren, the children of Israel, all that are meet for the war. Deuteronomy 3.

It was meet that we should make merryÃ‚--Luke 15.

Bring forth fruits meet for repentance. Matthew 3.

Meet

MEET, verb transitive pret. and pp. met. [Saxon metan, moetan, gemetan, to meet, to find, to measure, to mete; Gothic motyan; Dutch ontmoeten, gemoetan, to meet, and gemoet, a meeting; Swedish m?ta, to meet, to fall, come or happen; m?te, a meeting; mot, toward, against; Danish mÃƒ-¶der, to meet; mÃƒ-¶de, a meeting; mod, contrary, against, towards. The sense is to come to, to fall to or happen, to reach to; Greek, with; German mit, Dutch met, mede, Swedish and Danish med, with or by; Welsh med, to; Chaldee Syriac, to come to, to arrive, to happen; Hebrew Chaldee Ethiopic. Qu. Welsh ammod, a covenant; commod, agreement.]

1. To come together, approaching in opposite or different directions; to come face to face; as, to meet a man in the road.

His daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances. Judges 11.

2. To come together in any place; as, we met many strangers at the levee.

3. To come together in hostility; to encounter. The armies met on the plains of Pharsalia.

4. To encounter unexpectedly.

Milton.

5. To come together in extension; to come in contact; to join. The line A meets the line B and forms an angle.

6. To come to; to find; to light on; to receive. The good man meets his reward; the criminal in due time meets the punishment he deserves.

Of vice or virtue, whether blest or curst,

Which meets contempt, or which compassion first.

Pope.

Meet

MEET, verb intransitive To come together or to approach near, or into company with. How pleasant it is for friends to meet on the road; still more pleasant to meet in a foreign country.

2. To come together in hostility; to encounter. The armies met at Waterloo, and decided the fate of Buonaparte.

3. To assemble; to congregate. The council met at 10 o'clock. The legislature will meet on the first Wednesday in the month.

4. To come together by being extended; to come in contact; to join. Two converging lines will meet in a point.

To meet with, to light on; to find; to come to; often with the sense of an unexpected event.

We met with many things worthy of observation.

Bacon.

2. To join; to unite in company.

Falstaff at that oak shall meet with us.

Shak.

3. To suffer unexpectedly; as, to meet with a fall; to meet with a loss.

4. To encounter; to engage in opposition.

Royal mistress,

Prepare to meet with more than brutal fury

From the fierce prince.

Rowe.

5. To obviate; a Latinism. [Not used.]

Bacon.

To meet half way, to approach from an equal distance and meet; metaphorically, to make mutual and equal concessions, each party renouncing some pretensions.

Meeter

MEE'TER, noun One that meets another; one that accosts another.

Shak.

Meeting

MEE'TING, participle of the present tense Coming together; encountering; joining; assembling.

Meeting

MEE'TING, noun A coming together; an interview; as a happy meeting of friends.

2. An assembly; a congregation; a collection of people; a convention. The meeting was numerous; the meeting was clamorous; the meeting was dissolved at sunset.

3. A conflux, as of rivers; a joining, as of lines.

Meeting-House

MEE'TING-HOUSE, noun A place of worship; a church.

Meetly

MEE'TLY, adverb [from meet.] Fitly; suitably; properly.

Meetness

MEE'TNESS, noun [from meet.] Fitness; suitableness; propriety.

Bp. Hall.

Megacosm

MEG'ACOSM, noun [Greek, great, and, world.] The great world.

Bp. Croft.

Megalonyx

MEGALON'YX, noun [Greek, great, and, a nail.]

An animal now extinct, whose bones have been found in Virginia.

Cuvier.

Megalopolis

MEGALOP'OLIS, noun [Greek, great, and, city.]

A chief city; a metropolis. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Megatherium

MEGATHE'RIUM, or MEGATH'ERY, noun [Greek, great, and, a wild beast.]

A quadruped now extinct, but whose remains have been found in South America. It was larger than the megalonyx.

Cyc.

Megrim

ME'GRIM, noun [French migraine, corrupted from Latin and German hemicrania, half the head.]

Properly, a pain in the side of the head; hence, a disorder of the head; vertigo.

Bacon.

Meine

MEINE, verb transitive [Saxon mengan.] To mingle. Obs.

Chaucer.

Meine

MEINE, or ME'NY, noun [See Menial.] A retinue or family of servants; domestics. Obs.

Shak.

Meionite

MEIONITE, noun [Greek, less; from its low pyramids.]

Prismato-pyramidical feldspar, of a grayish white color. It occurs massive and crystalized.

Ure.

Meiosis

MEIO'SIS, noun [Greek.] Diminution; a rhetorical figure, a species of hyperbole, representing a thing less than it is.

Beattie.

Melampode

MEL'AMPODE, noun [Greek, black-foot.] The black hellebore.

Spenser.

Melanagogue

MELANAGOGUE, n. melan'agog. [Greek, black, and, to drive.]

A medicine supposed to expel black bile or choler. [Old.]

Melancholic

MEL'ANCHOLIC, adjective [See Melancholy.]

1. Depressed in spirits; affected with gloom; dejected; hypochondriac. Grief indulged to excess, has a tendency to render a person melancholic.

2. Produced by melancholy; expressive of melancholy; mournful; as melancholic strains.

Just as the melancholic eye,

Sees fleets and armies in the sky.

Prior.

3. Unhappy; unfortunate; causing sorrow; as accidents and melancholic perplexities.

Clarendon.

Melancholic

MEL'ANCHOLIC, noun One affected with a gloomy state of mind. [Melancholian, in a like sense, is not used.]

Spenser.

2. A gloomy state of mind.

Clarendon.

Melancholily

MEL'ANCHOLILY, adverb With melancholy.

Keepe.

Melancholiness

MEL'ANCHOLINESS, noun State of being melancholy; disposition to indulge gloominess of mind.

Aubrey.

Melancholious

MELANCHO'LIOUS, adjective Gloomy. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Melancholist

MEL'ANCHOLIST, noun One affected with melancholy.

Glanville.

Melancholize

MEL'ANCHOLIZE, verb intransitive To become gloomy in mind.

Burton.

Melancholize

MEL'ANCHOLIZE, verb transitive To make melancholy.

More.

[This verb is rarely or never used.]

Melancholy

MEL'ANCHOLY, noun [Greek, black, and, bile; Latin melancholia.]

1. A gloomy state of mind, often a gloomy state that is of some continuance, or habitual; depression of spirits induced by grief; dejection of spirits. This was formerly supposed to proceed from a redundance of black bile. Melancholy, when extreme and of long continuance, is a disease, sometimes accompanied with partial insanity. Cullen defines it, partial insanity without dyspepsy.

In nosology, mental alienation restrained to a single object or train of ideas, in distinction from mania, in which the alienation is general.

Good.

Moon-struck madness, moping melancholy.

Milton.

Melancholy

MEL'ANCHOLY, adjective Gloomy: depressed in spirits; dejected; applied to persons. Overwhelming grief has made me melancholy.

2. Dismal; gloomy; habitually dejected; as a melancholy temper.

3. Calamitous; afflictive; that may or does produce great evil and grief; as a melancholy event. The melancholy fate of the Albion! The melancholy destruction of Scio and of Missolonghi!

Melange

MELANGE, n. melanj'. [French] A mixture. [Not English.]

Drummond.

Melanite

MEL'ANITE, noun [Greek, black.] A mineral, a variety of garnet, of a velvet black or grayish black, occuring always in crystals of a dodecahedral from.

Cleaveland. Ure.

Melanite is perfectly opake. It is found among volcanic substances.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Melanitic

MELANIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to melanite.

Melanteri

MEL'ANTERI, noun [Greek, black.] Salt of iron, or iron in a saline state, mixed with inflammable matter.

Fourcroy.

Melanure

MEL'ANURE, or MELANU'RUS, noun A small fish of the Mediterranean.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Melasses

MEL'ASSES, n. sing. [Italian melassa; Spanish melaza; French melasse; from Greek black, or from, honey; Sanscrit mali, black.]

The sirup which drains from Muscovado sugar when cooling; treacle.

Nicholson. Edwards.

Melilot

MEL'ILOT, noun [French] A plant of the genus Trifolium.

Meliorate

ME'LIORATE, verb transitive [French ameliorer; Spanish mejorar; Italian migliorare; from Latin melior, better; Welsh mall, gain, profit; Irish meall, good.]

To make better; to improve; as, to meliorate fruit by grafting, or soil by cultivation. Civilization has done much, but christianity more, to meliorate the condition of men in society.

Nature by art we nobly meliorate.

Denham.

Meliorate

ME'LIORATE, verb intransitive To grow better.

Meliorated

ME'LIORATED, participle passive Made better; improved.

Meliorating

ME'LIORATING, participle of the present tense Improving; advancing in good qualities.

The pure and benign light of revelation has had a meliorating influence on mankind.

Washington.

Melioration

MELIORA'TION, noun The act or operation of making better; improvement.

Meliority

MELIOR'ITY, noun The state of being better. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Mell

MELL, verb intransitive [French mÃƒ-ªler.] To mix; to meddle. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Mell

MELL, noun [Latin mel.] Honey. [Not English.]

Mellate

MEL'LATE, noun [Latin mel, honey, Greek, Welsh mel.]

A combination of the mellitic acid with a base.

Melliferous

MELLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin mel, honey, and fero, to produce.] Producing honey.

Mellification

MELLIFICA'TION, noun [Latin mellifico.] The making or production of honey.

Mellifluence

MELLIF'LUENCE, noun [Latin mel, honey, and fluo, to flow.]

A flow of sweetness, or a sweet smooth flow.

Watts.

Mellifluent

MELLIF'LUENT, or MELLIF'LUOUS, adjective Flowing with honey; smooth; sweetly flowing; as a mellifluous voice.

Mellit

MEL'LIT, noun In farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse's fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar.

Mellite

MEL'LITE, noun [Latin mel.] Honey stone; a mineral of a honey color, found only in very minute regular crystals.

Cleaveland.

Mellitic

MELLIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to honey stone.

Mellow

MEL'LOW, adjective [Saxon melewe; German mehl, Dutch Danish meel, meal; German mehlig, mellow; mealy; Danish meelagtig, mellow; Latin mollis, French mol, molle, soft, Greek; Welsh mall, soft, melting, insipid, evil, and as a noun, a malady. The Welsh unites the word with Latin malus. These words are evidently allied to mild and melt, and meal would seem to be connected with mill. I am not certain which is the primary word. See Class Ml. No. 2. 4. 9. 12.]

1. Soft with ripeness; easily yielding to pressure; as a mellow peach; or apple; mellow fruit.

2. Soft to the ear; as a mellow sound; a mellow pipe.

3. Soft; well pulverized; not indurated or compact; as mellow ground or earth.

4. Soft and smooth to the taste; as mellow wine.

5. Soft with liquor; intoxicated; merry.

Addison.

6. Soft or easy to the eye.

The tender flush whose mellow stain imbues

Heaven with all freaks of light.

Percival.

Mellow

MEL'LOW, verb transitive To ripen; to bring to maturity; to soften by ripeness or age.

On foreign mountains may the sun refine

The grape's soft juice and mellow it to wine.

Addison.

2. To soften; to pulverize. Earth is mellowed by frost.

3. To mature; to bring to perfection.

This episodeÃ‚--mellowed into that reputation which time has given it.

Dryden.

Mellow

MEL'LOW, verb intransitive To become soft; to be ripened, matured or brought to perfection. Fruit, when taken from the tree, soon mellows. Wine mellows with age.

Mellowness

MEL'LOWNESS, noun Softness; the quality of yielding easily to pressure; ripeness, as of fruit.

2. Maturity; softness or smoothness from age, as of wine.

Mellowy

MEL'LOWY, adjective Soft; unctuous.

Drayton.

Melocotone

MELOCOTO'NE, noun [Spanish melocoton, a peach-tree grafted into a quince-tree, or the fruit of the tree; Italian melocotogno, quince-tree; Latin malum cotoneum, quinceapple. Cotoneum is probably out cotton, and the fruit so named from its pubescence.]

A quince. But the name is sometimes given to a large kind of peach.

Melodious

MELO'DIOUS, adjective [See Melody.] Containing melody; musical; agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds; as a melodious voice; melodious strains.

And music more melodious than the spheres.

Dryden.

Melodiously

MELO'DIOUSLY, adverb In a melodious manner; musically.

Melodiousness

MELO'DIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds; musicalness.

Melodize

MEL'ODIZE, verb transitive To make melodious.

Melodrame

MEL'ODRAME, noun [Greek, a song, and drama.]

A dramatic performance in which songs are intermixed.

Todd.

Melody

MEL'ODY, noun [Greek; a limb, or a song, and, an ode; Latin melos.]

An agreeable succession of sounds; a succession of sounds so regulated and modulated as to please the ear. To constitute melody, the sounds must be arranged according to the laws of rythmus, measure, or the due proportion of the movements to each other. Melody differs from harmony, as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation of sounds by a single voice; whereas harmony consists in the accordance of different voices or sounds. Melody is vocal or instrumental.

Hooker.

To make melody in the heart, to praise God with a joyful and thankful disposition, ascribing to him the honor due to his name. Ephesians 5.

Melon

MEL'ON, noun [French from Latin melo; Spanish melon; Italian mellone, a melon; Greek, an apple; Dutch meloen; German melone; Danish Swedish melon; Slav. mlun. This word has the elements of mellow, Latin mollis, Welsh mall.]

The name of certain plants and their fruit, as the water-melon, the musk-melon.

Melon-Thistle

MEL'ON-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Cactus.

Melrose

MEL'ROSE, noun [mel and rose.] Honey of roses.

Fordyce.

Melt

MELT, verb transitive [Saxon meltan; Greek; Dutch smelten; German schmelzen; Swedish sm?lta; Danish smelter; whence smelt, smalt. We have in these words decisive evidence that s, in smelten, &c. is a prefix. Melt, in English, is regular, forming melted for its past tense and passive participle. The old participle molten, is used only as an adjective. This verb belongs to a numerous class of words in Ml, denoting soft or softness. See Class Ml, No. 10. 18. 19.]

1. To dissolve; to make liquid; to liquefy; to reduce from a solid to a liquid or flowing state by heat; as, to melt wax, tallow or lead; to melt ice or snow.

2. To dissolve; to reduce to first principles

Burnet.

3. To soften to love or tenderness.

For pity melts the mind to love.

Dryden.

4. To waste away; to dissipate.

In general riot melted down thy youth.

Shak.

5. To dishearten. Joshua 14.

Melt

MELT, verb intransitive To become liquid; to dissolve; to be changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state.

And whiter snow in minutes melts away.

Dryden.

2. To be softened to love, pity, tenderness or sympathy; to become tender, mild or gentle.

Melting with tenderness and mild compassion.

Shak.

3. To be dissolved; to lose substance.

\s-\And what seem'd corporal,

Melted as breath into the wind.

Shak.

4. To be subdued by affliction; to sink into weakness.

My soul melteth for heaviness\s-\strengthen thou me. Psalm 119.

5. To faint; to be discouraged or disheartened.

As soon as we heard these things, our heart melted. Joshua 2.

Melted

MELT'ED, participle passive Dissolved; made liquid; softened; discouraged.

Melter

MELT'ER, noun One that melts any thing.

Derham.

Melting

MELT'ING, participle of the present tense Dissolving; liquefying; softening; discouraging.

2. adjective Tending to soften; softening into tenderness; as melting eloquence.

Melting

MELT'ING, noun The act of softening; the act of rendering tender.

South.

Meltingly

MELT'INGLY, adverb In a manner to melt or soften.

2. Like something melting.

Sidney.

Meltingness

MELT'INGNESS, noun The power of melting or softening.

Melwel

MEL'WEL, noun A fish.

Member

MEM'BER, noun [French membre; Latin membrum.]

1. A limb of animal bodies, as a leg, an arm, an ear, a finger, that is, a subordinate part of the main body.

2. A part of a discourse, or of a period or sentence; a clause; a part of a verse. Harmony in poetry is produced by a proportion between the members of the same verse, or between the members of different verses.

3. In architecture, a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice; sometimes a molding.

4. An individual of a community or society. Every citizen is a member of the state or body politic. So the individuals of a club, a corporation or confederacy, are called its members. Students of an academy or college are its members. Professed christians are called members of the church.

5. The appetites and passions, considered as tempting to sin. Romans 7. Colossians 3.

Membered

MEM'BERED, adjective Having limbs.

Membership

MEM'BERSHIP, noun The state of being a member.

2. Community; society.

Beaum.

Membrane

MEM'BRANE, noun [French from Latin membrana; Irish meambrum. The last component part of this word is found in the Ethiopic and Amharic, Ethiopic bereana, parchment, vellum, from barah, to shine or be clear. Ludolf, Col.231.2. The substance then is named from its clearness or transparency.]

In anatomy, a thin, white, flexible skin, formed by fibres interwoven like net-work, and serving to cover some part of the body.

Encyc.

The term is applied to the thin expanded parts, of various texture, both in animals and vegetables.

Membraneous

MEMBRA'NEOUS, or MEM'BRANOUS, or MEMBRANA'CEOUS, adjective Belonging to a membrane; consisting of membranes; as a nembraneous covering.

Birds of prey have membranaceous stomachs, not muscular.

Arbuthnot.

2. In botany, a membranaceous leaf has no distinguishable pulp between the two surfaces. In general, it denotes flatted or resembling parchment.

Martyn.

Membraniform

MEMBRA'NIFORM, adjective Having the form of a membrane or of parchment.

Memento

MEMENT'O, noun [Latin from memini. See Memory.]

A hint, suggestion, notice or memorial to awaken memory; that which reminds.

He is but a man, and seasonable mementos may be useful.

Bacon.

Memoir

MEM'OIR, noun [French memoire, memory.] A species of history written by a person who had some share in the transactions related. Persons often write their own memoirs.

2. A history of transactions in which some person had a principal share, is called his memoirs, though compiled or written by a different hand.

3. The history of a society, or the journals and proceedings of a society; as memoirs of the Royal Society.

4. A written account; register of facts.

Arbuthnot.

Memorable

MEM'ORABLE, adjective [French from Latin memorabilis. See Memory.]

Worthy to be remembered; illustrious; celebrated; distinguished.

By tombs, by books, by memorable deeds.

Davies.

Memorably

MEM'ORABLY, adverb In a manner worthy to be remembered.

Memorandum

MEMORAND'UM, noun plu. memorandums or memoranda. [Latin] A note to help the memory.

I entered a memorandum in my pocket-book.

Guardian.

Memorative

MEM'ORATIVE, adjective Adapted or tending to preserve the memory of any thing.

Hammond.

Memorial

MEMO'RIAL, adjective [French from Latin memorialis. See Memory.]

1. Preservative of memory.

There high in air memorial of my name, Fix the smooth oar, and bid me live to fame.

Pope.

2. Contained in memory; as memorial possession.

Watts.

Memorial

MEMO'RIAL, noun That which preserves the memory of something; any thing that serves to keep in memory. A monument is a memorial of a deceased person, or of an event. The Lord's supper is a memorial of the death and sufferings of Christ.

Churches have names; some as memorials of peace, some of wisdom, some of the Trinity.

Hooker.

2. Any note or hint to assist the memory.

Memorials written with king Edward's hand shall be the ground of this history.

Hayward.

3. A written representation of facts, made to a legislative or other body as the ground of a petition, or a representation of facts accompanied with a petition.

Memorialist

MEMO'RIALIST, noun One who writes a memorial.

Spectator.

2. One who presents a memorial to a legislative or any other body, or to a person.

U. States.

Memorialize

MEMO'RIALIZE, verb transitive To present a memorial to; to petition by memorial.

U. States.

Memorist

MEM'ORIST, noun One who causes to be remembered. [Not used.]

Brown.

Memorize

MEM'ORIZE, verb transitive To record; to commit to memory by writing.

They neglect to memorize their conquest of the Indians.

Spenser.

2. To cause to be remembered.

They meant to memorize another Golgotha.

Shak.

Memory

MEM'ORY, noun [Latin memoria; French memoire; Swedish minne; Irish meamhair or meabhair, meanma. This word is from memini, which is probably corrupted from the Greek, to remember, from, mind, or the same root. See Mind.]

1. The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of past events, or ideas which are past. A distinction is made between memory and recollection. Memory retains past ideas without any, or with little effort; recollection implies an effort to recall ideas that are past.

Beattie. Reid. Stewart.

Memory is the purveyor of reason.

Rambler.

2. A retaining of past ideas in the mind; remembrance. Events that excite little attention are apt to escape from memory.

3. Exemption from oblivion.

That ever-living man of memory,

Henry the fifth.

Shak.

4. The time within which past events can be remembered or recollected, or the time within which a person may have knowledge of what is past. The revolution in England was before my memory; the revolution in America was within the author's memory.

5. Memorial; monumental record; that which calls to remembrance. A monument in London was erected in memory of the conflagration in 1666.

6. Reflection; attention.

Shak.

Memory

MEM'ORY, verb transitive To lay up in the mind or memory. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Memphian

MEMPH'IAN, adjective [from Memphis, the ancient metropolis of Egypt, said to be altered from Menuf, Memf. Ludolf.

Pertaining to Memphis; very dark; a sense borrowed from the darkness of Egypt in the time of Moses.

Men

MEN, plu. of man. Two or more males, individuals of the human race.

2. Males of bravery. We will live in honor, or die like men.

3. Persons; people; mankind; in an indefinite sense. Men are apt to forget the benefactor, while they riot on the benefit.

Menace

MEN'ACE, verb transitive [French menacer; Italian minacciare; Spanish amenazar; Latin minor. The primary sense is to rush, throw or push forward.

The sense is more clearly expressed by emineo and promineo, to jut forward, from the same root. See Mind, which is of the same family.]

1. To threaten; to express or show a disposition or determination to inflict punishment or other evil. The combined powers menaced France with war on every side.

2. To show or manifest the probability of future evil or danger to. The spirit of insubordination menaced Spain with the horrors of civil war.

3. To exhibit the appearance of any catastrophe to come; as, a hanging rock menaces a fall, or menaces the plain or the inhabitants below.

Menace

MEN'ACE, noun A threat or threatening; the declaration or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an evil; used of persons.

2. The show of a probable evil or catastrophe to come.

Menaced

MEN'ACED, participle passive Threatened.

Menacer

MEN'ACER, noun One that threatens.

Menachanite

MEN'ACHANITE, noun An oxyd of titanium, or mineral of a grayish or iron black color, occurring in very small rounded grains, imperfectly lamellar, and of a glistening luster; found near Menachan, in Cornwall,

Ure. Philips. Cleaveland.

Menachanitic

MENACHANIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to menachanite.

Menacing

MEN'ACING, participle of the present tense Threatening; declaring a disposition or determination to inflict evil.

2. adjective Exhibiting the danger or probability of an evil or catastrophe to come; as a menacing attitude.

Menage

MEN'AGE, noun [French a family. See Manage.]

A collection of brute animals.

Addison.

Menagery

MEN'AGERY, noun [French menagerie; Italian menageria.]

A yard or place in which wild animals are kept, or a collection of wild animals.

Menagogue

MENAGOGUE, noun men'agog. [Greek, menstrua, and, to drive.]

A medicine that promotes the menstrual flux.

Quincy.

Mend

MEND, verb transitive [Latin emendo; French amender; Italian mendare; from Latin menda, a fault, spot or blemish. Mend is contracted from emendo, amend, for the Latin negative e for ex, is necessary to express the removal of a fault.]

1. To repair, as a breach; to supply a part broken or defective; as, to mend a garment, a road, a mill-dam, a fence, &c.

2. To correct; to set right; to alter for the better; as, to mend the life or manners.

3. To repair; to restore to a sound state; as, to mend a feeble or broken constitution.

Locke.

4. To help; to advance; to make better. This plausible apology does not mend the matter.

Though in some lands the grass is but short, yet it mends garden herbs and fruit.

Mortimer.

5. To improve; to hasten.

He saw the monster mend his pace.

Dryden.

Mend

MEND, verb intransitive To grow better; to advance to a better state; to improve. We say, a feeble constitution mends daily; a sick man mends, or is convalescent.

Mendable

MEND'ABLE, adjective Capable of being mended.

Mendacious

MENDA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin mendax.] Lying; false. [Little used.]

Mendacity

MENDAC'ITY, noun [Latin mendax, false, lying. See Class Mn. No. 4.] Falsehood.

Brown.

[The proper signification of this word would be a disposition to lie, or habitual lying.]

Mended

MEND'ED, participle passive Repaired; made better; improved.

Mender

MEND'ER, noun One who mends or repairs.

Mendicancy

MEND'ICANCY, adjective [Latin mendicans.] Beggary; a state of begging.

Mendicant

MEND'ICANT, adjective [Latin mendicans, from mendico, to beg, French mendier; allied to Latin mando, to command, demand.]

1. Begging; poor to a state of beggary; as reduced to a mendicant state.

2. Practicing beggary; as a mendicant friar.

Mendicant

MEND'ICANT, noun A beggar; one that make it his business to beg alms; one of the begging fraternity of the Romish church.

Mendicate

MEND'ICATE, verb transitive To beg, or practice begging. [Not used.]

Mendicity

MENDIC'ITY, noun [Latin mendicitas.] The state of begging; the life of a beggar.

Mendment

MENDMENT, for amendment. [Not in use.]

Mends

MENDS, for amends, not used.

Shak.

Menhaden

MENHA'DEN, noun A species of fish.

Menial

ME'NIAL, adjective [Norm. meignal, meynal, from meignee or meiny, a family. The Norm. has also mesnie and mesnee, a family, household or company, and meinez, many. Qu. the root of maison, messuage, or of many.]

1. Pertaining to servants, or domestic servants; low; mean.

The women attendants perform only the most menial offices.

Swift.

[Johnson observes on this passage, that Swift seems not to have known the meaning of this word. But this is the only sense in which it is now used.]

2. Belonging to the retinue or train of servants.

Johnson.

Two menial dogs before their master pressed.

Dryden.

[If this definition of Johnson is correct, it indicates that menial is from meinez, many, rather than from mesnie, family. But the sense may be house-dogs.]

Menial

ME'NIAL, noun A domestic servant.

Menilite

MEN'ILITE, noun A mineral substance found at Menil Montant near Paris, of the nature of silex, of a brown liver color on the interior, and ordinarily of a clear blue on the surface. It is found in the shape of the kidneys, of the size of the hand or larger; sometimes in globules of the size of a nut.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Meniscus

MENIS'CUS, noun plu. meniscuses. [Greek, a little moon.]

A lens convex on one side, and concave on the other.

Encyc.

Menispermate

MENISPERM'ATE, noun A compound of menispermic acid and a salifiable base.

Menispermic

MENISPERM'IC, adjective The menispermic acid is obtained from the seeds of the menispermum cocculus.

Ure.

Meniver

MEN'IVER, noun A small white animal in Russia, or its fur which is very fine.

Chaucer.

Menology

MENOL'OGY, noun [Greek, month, and, discourse.]

1. A register of months.

Stillingfleet.

2. In the Greek church, martyrology, or a brief calendar of the lives of the saints, for each day in the year, or a simple remembrance of those whose lives are not written.

Lunier.

Menow

MEN'OW, noun [French menu, small. Qu.] A small fresh waterfish, the minnow.

Bailey.

Menpleaser

MEN'PLEASER, noun One who is solicitous to please men, rather than to please God, by obedience to his commands.

Mensal

MEN'SAL, adjective [Latin mensalis, from mensa, a table.]

Belonging to the table; transacted at table. [Little used.]

Clarissa.

Menstrual

MEN'STRUAL, adjective [French from Latin menstrualis, from mensis, month.]

1. Monthly; happening once a month; as the menstrual flux.

2. Lasting a month; as the menstrual orbit of the moon.

Bentley.

3. Pertaining to a menstruum.

Bacon.

Menstruant

MEN'STRUANT, adjective Subject to monthly flowings.

Brown.

Menstruous

MEN'STRUOUS, adjective [Latin menstruus, from mensis, a month.]

1. Having the monthly flow or discharge; as a female.

Sandys.

2. Pertaining to the monthly flow of females.

Brown.

Menstruum

MEN'STRUUM, noun plu. menstruums. [from Latin mensis, month. The use of this word is supposed to have originated in some notion of the old chimists, about the influence of the moon in the preparation of dissolvents. Johnson.]

A dissolvent or solvent; any fluid or subtilized substance which dissolves a solid body.

All liquors are called menstruums which are used as dissolvents, or to extract the virtues of ingredients by infusion or decoction.

Quincy.

Inquire what is the proper menstruum to dissolve a metal.

Bacon.

Mensurability

MENSURABIL'ITY, noun [from mensurable.] Capacity of being measured.

Mensurable

MEN'SURABLE, adjective [Latin mensura, measure. The n is probably casual, and the word is the same as measurable.]

Measurable; capable of being measured.

Holder.

Mensural

MEN'SURAL, adjective Pertaining to measure.

Mensurate

MEN'SURATE, verb transitive [Latin mensura, measure.] To measure. [Little used.]

Mensuration

MENSURA'TION, noun The act, process or art of measuring, or taking the dimensions of any thing.

2. Measure; the result of measuring.

Arbuthnot.

Mental

MEN'TAL, adjective [Italian mentale; French mental; from Latin mens, mind.]

Pertaining to the mind; intellectual; as mental faculties; mental operations; mental sight; mental taste.

Milton. Addison.

Mentally

MEN'TALLY, adverb Intellectually; in the mind; in thought or meditation; in idea.

Bentley.

Mention

MEN'TION, noun [French from Latin mentio, from Greek, from, to put in mind; Italian menzione; Spanish mencion; Portugese menÃƒ-§ao; allied probably to Latin moneo and mind. Mention is a throwing out.]

A hint; a suggestion; a brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing; used chiefly after make.

Make no mention of other gods. Joshua 23.

I will make mention of thy righteousness. Psalm 71.

Without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers. Romans 1.

Mention

MEN'TION, verb transitive [French mentionner; Italian menzionare.]

To speak; to name; to utter a brief remark; to state a particular fact, or to express it in writing. It is applied to something thrown in or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and thus differs from the sense of relate, recite, and narrate. I mentioned to him a fact that fell under my own observation. In the course of conversation, that circumstance was mentioned.

I will mention the loving-kindness of the Lord. Isaiah 63.

Mentioned

MEN'TIONED, participle passive Named; stated.

Mentioning

MEN'TIONING, participle of the present tense Naming; uttering.

Mentorial

MENTO'RIAL, adjective [from Mentor, the friend and adviser of Ulysses.]

Containing advice or admonition.

Mephitic

MEPHIT'IC, adjective [Latin mephitis, an ill smell.]

Offensive to the smell; foul; poisonous; noxious; pestilential; destructive to life.

Mephitic acid is carbonic acid.

Mephitis

MEPH'ITIS, or MEPH'ITISM, noun Foul, offensive or noxious exhalations from dissolving substances, filth or other source; also, carbonic acid gas.

Med. Repos.

Mercantante

MERCANTAN'TE, noun [Italian mercatante.] A foreign trader. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Mercantile

MER'CANTILE, adjective [Italian and French from Latin mercans, mercor, to buy; Portugese Spanish mercantil.]

1. Trading; commercial; carrying on commerce; as mercantile nations; the mercantile class of men.

2. Pertaining or relating to commerce or trade; as mercantile business.

Mercat

MER'CAT, noun [Latin mercatus.] Market; trade. [Not in use.]

Sprat.

Mercenarily

MER'CENARILY, adverb In a mercenary manner.

Spectator.

Mercenariness

MER'CENARINESS, noun [from mercenary.] Venality; regard to hire or reward.

Boyle.

Mercenary

MER'CENARY, adjective [French mercenaire; Latin mercenarius, from merces, reward, wages; mercor, to buy.]

1. Venal; that may be hired; actuated by the hope of reward; moved by the love of money; as a mercenary prince or judge.

2. Hired; purchased by money; as mercenary services; mercenary soldiers.

3. Sold for money; as mercenary blood.

Shak.

4. Greedy of gain; mean; selfish; as a mercenary disposition.

5. Contracted from motives of gain; as a mercenary marriage.

Mercenary

MER'CENARY, noun One who is hired; a soldier that is hired into foreign service; a hireling.

Mercer

MER'CER, noun [French mercier; Italian merciaio; from Latin merx, wares, commodities.]

One who deals in silks.

Howel.

Mercership

MER'CERSHIP, noun The business of a mercer.

Mercery

MER'CERY, noun [French mercerie; Italian merceria.]

The commodities or goods in which a mercer deals; trade of mercers.

Graunt.

Merchand

MER'CHAND, verb intransitive [French marchander.] To trade. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Merchandise

MER'CHANDISE, noun [French from marchand, a merchant, or marchander, to cheapen.]

1. The objects of commerce; wares, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or sold in trade. But provisions daily sold in market, horses, cattle, and fuel are not usually included in the term, and real estate never.

2. Trade; traffick; commerce.

Shak.

Merchandise

MER'CHANDISE, verb intransitive To trade; to carry on commerce.

Merchandry

MER'CHANDRY, noun Trade; commerce. [Not in use.]

Saunderson.

Merchant

MER'CHANT, noun [French marchand; Italian mercante; Spanish merchante; Armoric marchadour; from Latin mercor, to buy.]

1. A man who trafficks or carries on trade with foreign countries, or who exports and imports goods and sells them by wholesale.

2. In popular usage, any trader, or one who deals in the purchase and sale of goods.

3. A ship in trade. [Not used.]

Merchant

MER'CHANT, verb intransitive To trade. [Not in use.]

Merchantable

MER'CHANTABLE, adjective Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary price; as merchantable wheat or timber.

Merchantlike

MER'CHANTLIKE, adjective Like a merchant.

Merchantman

MER'CHANTMAN, noun A ship or vessel employed in the transportation of goods, as distinguished from a ship of war.

Merciable

MER'CIABLE, adjective Merciful. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Merciful

MER'CIFUL, adjective [from mercy.] Having or exercising mercy; compassionate; tender; disposed to pity offenders and to forgive their offenses; unwilling to punish for injuries; applied appropriately to the Supreme Being.

The Lord passed before him and proclaimed, the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abundant in goodness and truth. Exodus 34.

2. Compassionate; tender; unwilling to give pain; not cruel. A merciful man will be merciful to his beast.

Mercifully

MER'CIFULLY, adverb With compassion or pity; tenderly; mildly.

Mercifulness

MER'CIFULNESS, noun Tenderness towards offenders; willingness to forbear punishment; readiness to forgive.

Hammond.

Mercify

MER'CIFY, verb transitive To pity. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Merciless

MER'CILESS, adjective Destitute of mercy; unfeeling; pitiless; hard-hearted; cruel; as a merciless tyrant.

Dryden.

2. Not sparing; as the merciless waves or tempest.

Mercilessly

MER'CILESSLY, adverb In a manner void of mercy or pity; cruelly.

Mercilessness

MER'CILESSNESS, noun Want of mercy or pity.

Mercurial

MERCU'RIAL, adjective [from Mercury; Latin mercurialis.]

1. Formed under the influence of Mercury; active; sprightly; full of fire or vigor; as a mercurial youth; a mercurial nation.

Bacon. Swift.

2. Pertaining to quicksilver; containing quicksilver, or consisting of mercury; as mercurial preparations or medicines.

Mercurialist

MERCU'RIALIST, noun One under the influence of Mercury, or one resembling Mercury in variety of character.

Mercuriate

MERCU'RIATE, noun A combination of the oxyd of mercury with another substance. Mercuric acid, a saturated combination of mercury and oxygen.

Mercurification

MERCURIFICA'TION, noun In metallurgic chimistry, the process or operation of obtaining the mercury from metallic minerals in its fluid form.

Encyc.

2. The act of mixing with quicksilver.

Boyle.

Mercurify

MERCU'RIFY, verb transitive To obtain mercury from metallic minerals, which it is said may be done by a large lens, the intense heat of which expels the mercury in fumes, which are afterwards condensed.

Encyc.

Mercury

MER'CURY, noun [Latin Mercurius. In mythology, Mercury is the god of eloquence and of commerce, called by the Greeks Hermes, and his name is said to be formed from merces, or mercor. But in antiquity, there were several persons or deities of this name.]

1. Quicksilver, a metal remarkable for its fusibility, which is so great that to fix or congeal it, requires a degree of cold which is marked on Fahrenheit's scale at thirty nine degrees below zero. Its specific gravity is greater than that of any other metal, except platina, gold and tungsten. Under a heat of 660 degrees, it rises in fumes and is gradually converted into a red oxyd. Mercury is used in barometers to ascertain the weight of the atmosphere, and in thermometers to determine the temperature of the air, for which purposes it is well adapted by its expansibility, and the extensive range between its freezing and boiling points. Preparations of this metal are among the most powerful poisons, and are extensively used as medicines. The preparation called calomel, is a most efficacious deobstruent.

2. Heat of constitutional temperament; spirit; sprightly qualities.

Pope.

3. A genus of plants, the Mercurialis, of several species.

4. One of the planets nearest the sun. It is 3224 miles in diameter, and revolves round the sun in about 88 days. Its mean distance from the sun is thirty seven millions of miles.

5. The name of a newspaper or periodical publication, and in some places, the carrier of a newspaper or pamphlet.

Mercury

MER'CURY, verb transitive To wash with a preparation of mercury.

B. Jonson.

Mercy

MER'CY, noun [French merci; Norm. merce, meer or mers; supposed to be a contraction of Latin misericordia. But qu. Ethiopic meher, to pity.]

1. That benevolence, mildness or tenderness of heart which disposes a person to overlook injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves; the disposition that tempers justice, and induces an injured person to forgive trespasses and injuries, and to forbear punishment, or inflict less than law or justice will warrant. In this sense, there is perhaps no word in our language precisely synonymous with mercy. That which comes nearest to it is grace.

It implies benevolence, tenderness, mildness, pity or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only towards offenders. Mercy is a distinguishing attribute of the Supreme Being.

The Lord is long-suffering and of great mercy, forgiving iniquity and transgression, and by no means clearing the guilty. Numbers 14.

2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor. It is a mercy that they escaped.

I am not worthy of the least of all thy mercies. Genesis 32.

3. Pity; compassion manifested towards a person in distress.

And he said, he that showed mercy on him. Luke 10.

4. Clemency and bounty.

Mercy and truth preserve the king; and his throne is upheld by mercy. Proverbs 28.

5. Charity, or the duties of charity and benevolence.

I will have mercy and not sacrifice. Matthew 9.

6. Grace; favor. 1 Corinthians 7. Jude 2.

7. Eternal life, the fruit of mercy. 2 Timothy 1.

8. Pardon.

I cry thee mercy with all my heart.

Dryden.

9. The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act expected. The prisoner cried for mercy.

To be or to lie at the mercy of, to have no means of self-defense, but to be dependent for safety on the mercy or compassion of another, or in the power of that which is irresistible; as, to be at the mercy of a foe, or of the waves.

Mercy-Seat

MER'CY-SEAT, noun The propitiatory; the covering of the ark of the covenant among the Jews. This was of gold, and its ends were fixed to two cherubs, whose wings extended forward, and formed a kind of throne for the majesty of God, who is represented in Scripture as sitting between the cherubs. It was from this seat that God gave his oracles to Moses, or to the high priest who consulted him.

Calmet.

Merd

MERD, noun [French merde; Latin merda.] Ordure; dung.

Burton.

Mere

MERE, adjective [Latin merus; Italian mero.] This or that only; distinct from any thing else.

From mere success nothing can be concluded in favor of a nation.

Atterbury.

What if the head, the eye or ear repin'd

To serve mere engines to the ruling mind?

Pope.

2. Absolute; entire.

Spenser.

Mere

MERE, noun [Saxon moera, or mere, a pool, lake or the sea; Dutch meir; Latin mare. See Moor.]

A pool or lake.

Mere

MERE, noun [Saxon moera, gemoera; Greek, to divide, or Russian miryu, to measure.]

A boundary; used chiefly in the compound, mere-stone.

Bacon.

Mere

MERE, verb transitive To divide, limit or bound. Obs.

Spenser.

Merely

ME'RELY, adverb Purely; only; solely; thus and no other way; for this and no other purpose.

Prize not your life for other ends

Than merely to oblige your friends.

Swift.

Meretricious

MERETRI'CIOUS, adjective [Latin meretricius, from meretrix, a prostitute.]

1. Pertaining to prostitutes; such as is practiced by harlots; as meretricious arts.

2. Alluring by false show; worn for disguise; having a gaudy but deceitful appearance; false; as meretricious dress or ornaments.

Meretriciously

MERETRI'CIOUSLY, adverb In the manner of prostitutes; with deceitful enticements.

Meretriciousness

MERETRI'CIOUSNESS, noun The arts of a prostitute; deceitful enticements.

Merganser

MERGAN'SER, noun [Spanish mergansar, from Latin mergo, to dive.]

A water fowl of the genus Mergus; called also goosander.

Merge

MERGE, verb transitive [Latin mergo.] To immerse; to cause to be swallowed up.

The plaintiff became the purchaser and merged his term in the fee.

Kent.

Merge

MERGE, v. i. To be sunk, swallowed or lost.

Law Term.

Merger

MERGER, noun [Latin mergo, to merge.] In law, a merging or drowning of a less estate in a greater; as when a reversion in fee simple descends to or is purchased by a tenant of the same estate for years, the term for years is merged, lost, annihilated in the inheritance or fee simple estate.

Blackstone.

Meridian

MERID'IAN, noun [French meridien; Italian meridiano; Latin meridies. Qu. Irish mir, a part; Greek, to divide. Varro testifies that this word was originally medidies [mid-day,] and that he had seen it so written on a sun-dial.]

1. In astronomy and geography, a great circle supposed to be drawn or to pass through the poles of the earth, and the zenith and nadir of any given place, intersecting the equator at right angles, and dividing the hemisphere into eastern and western. Every place on the globe has its meridian, and when the sun arrives at this circle, it is mid-day or noon, whence the name. This circle may be considered to be drawn on the surface of the earth, or it may be considered as a circle in the heavens coinciding with that on the earth.

2. Mid-day; noon.

3. The highest point; as the meridian of life; the meridian of power or of glory.

4. The particular place or state, with regard to local circumstances or things that distinguish it from others. We say, a book is adapted to the meridian of France or Italy; a measure is adapted to the meridian of London or Washington.

Magnetic meridian, a great circle, parallel with the direction of the magnetic needle, and passing through its poles.

Meridian

MERID'IAN, adjective Being on the meridian or at mid-day.

The sun sat high in his meridian tower.

Milton.

2. Pertaining to the meridian or to mid-day; as the sun's meridian heat or splendor.

3. Pertaining to the highest point; as, the hero enjoyed his meridian glory.

4. Pertaining to the magnetic meridian.

Meridional

MERID'IONAL, adjective [French] Pertaining to the meridian.

2. Southern.

Brown.

3. Southerly; having a southern aspect.

Wotton.

Meridional distance is the departure from the meridian, or easting or westing.

Meridionality

MERIDIONAL'ITY, noun The state of being in the meridian.

2. Position in the south; aspect towards the south.

Johnson.

Meridionally

MERID'IONALLY, adverb In the direction of the meridian.

Brown.

Merit

MER'IT, noun [Latin meritum, from mereo, to earn or deserve; Italian Spanish merito; French merite.]

1. Desert; goodness or excellence which entitles one to honor or reward; worth; any performance or worth which claims regard or compensation; applied to morals, to excellence in writing, or to valuable services of any kind. Thus we speak of the inability of men to obtain salvation by their own merits. We speak of the merits of an author; the merits of a soldier, &c.

2. Value; excellence; applied to things; as the merits of an essay or poem; the merits of a painting; the merits of a heroic achievment.

3. Reward deserved; that which is earned or merited.

Those laurel groves, the merits of thy youth.

Prior.

Merit

MER'IT, verb transitive [French meriter; Latin merito.] To deserve; to earn by active service, or by any valuable performance; to have a right to claim reward in money, regard, honor or happiness. Watts, by his writings, merited the gratitude of the whole christian world. The faithful laborer merits his wages.

A man at best is incapable of meriting any thing from God.

South.

2. To deserve; to have a just title to. Fidelity merits and usually obtains confidence.

3. To deserve, in an ill sense; to have a just title to. Every violation of law merits punishment. Every sin merits God's displeasure.

Meritable

MER'ITABLE, adjective Deserving of reward. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Merited

MER'ITED, participle passive Earned; deserved.

Meriting

MER'ITING, participle of the present tense Earning; deserving.

Merit-Monger

MER'IT-MONGER, noun One who advocates the doctrine of human merit, as entitled to reward, or depends on merit for salvation.

Milner.

Meritorious

MERITO'RIOUS, adjective [Italian meritorio; French meritoire.]

Deserving of reward or of notice, regard, fame or happiness, or of that which shall be a suitable return for services or excellence of any kind. We applaud the meritorious services of the laborer, the soldier and the seaman. We admire the meritorious labors of a Watts, a Doddridge, a Carey and a Martyn. We rely for salvation on the meritorious obedience and sufferings of Christ.

Meritoriously

MERITO'RIOUSLY, adverb In such a manner as to deserve reward.

Wotton.

Meritoriousness

MERITO'RIOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of deserving a reward or suitable return.

Meritory

MER'ITORY, adjective Deserving of reward. [Not used.]

Gower.

Merle

MERLE, noun [Latin merula.] A blackbird.

Drayton.

Merlin

MER'LIN, noun [French] A species of hawk of the genus Falco.

Merlon

MER'LON, noun [Italian merlo; French merlon.] In fortification, that part of a parapet which lies between two embrasures.

Encyc.

Mermaid

MER'MAID, noun [French mer, Latin mare, the sea, and maid.]

A marine animal, said to resemble a woman in the upper parts of the body, and a fish in the lower part. The male is called the merman.

Merops

ME'ROPS, noun A genus of birds called beeeaters.

Merrily

MER'RILY, adverb [from merry.] With mirth; with gayety and laughter; jovially. [See Mirth and Merry.]

Merrily sing and sport and play.

Glanville.

Merrimake

MER'RIMAKE, noun [merry and make.] A meeting for mirth; a festival; mirth.

Spenser.

Merrimake

MER'RIMAKE, verb intransitive To be merry or jovial; to feast.

Gay.

Merriment

MER'RIMENT, noun Mirth; gayety with laughter or noise; noisy sports; hilarity; frolick.

Milton.

Merriness

MER'RINESS, noun Mirth; gayety with laughter.

Shak.

Merry

MER'RY, adjective [Saxon mirige, myrig; Arabic to be joyful. Class Mr. No. 10.]

1. Gay and noisy; jovial; exhilarated to laughter.

Man is the merriest species of the creation.

Addison.

They drank and were merry with him. Genesis 43.

2. Causing laughter or mirth; as a merry jest.

Shak.

3. Brisk; as a merry gale. [This is the primary sense of the word.]

Dryden.

4. Pleasant; agreeable; delightful.

Chaucer.

To make merry, to be jovial; to indulge in hilarity; to feast with mirth. Judges 9.

Merry-Andrew

MERRY-AN'DREW, noun A buffoon; a zany; one whose business is to make sport for others.

Spectator.

Merry-Making

MER'RY-MAKING, adjective Producing mirth.

Mirth, music, merry-making melody

Speed the light hours no more at Holyrood.

Hillhouse.

Merry-Meeting

MER'RY-MEETING, noun A festival; a meeting for mirth.

Bp. Taylor.

Merry-Thought

MER'RY-THOUGHT, noun The forked bone of a fowl's breast, which boys and girls break by pulling each one side; the longest part broken betokening priority of marriage.

Echard.

Mersion

MER'SION, noun [Latin mersio, from mergo, to dive or sink.]

The act of sinking or plunging under water. But immersion is generally used.

Mesaraic

MESARA'IC, adjective [Greek, middle, and, intestines.]

The same as mesenteric; pertaining to the mesentery.

Meseems

MESEE'MS, verb impersonal. [me and seems.] It seems to me. It is used also in the past tense, meseemed.

Spenser.

Mesenteric

MESENTER'IC, adjective [See Mesentery.] Pertaining to the mesentery; as mesenteric glands or arteries.

Mesentery

MES'ENTERY, noun [Greek; middle, and, intestine.]

A fatty membrane placed in the middle of the intestines, and to which they are attached. This prevents them from becoming entangled with each other by convolutions. It is formed by a duplicature of the peritoneum.

Encyc. Quincy.

Mesh

MESH, noun [Welsh masg, net-work, a mesh; Dutch maas; German masche, a mesh or a stitch.]

1. The opening or space between the threads of a net.

2. The grains or wash of a brewery.

Mesh

MESH, verb transitive To catch in a net; to ensnare.

Drayton.

Meshy

MESH'Y, adjective Formed like net-work; reticulated.

Thomson.

Meslin

MES'LIN, noun [from French mesler, mÃƒ-ªler, to mix, or Latin miscellaneus, from misceo, to mix.]

A mixture of different sorts of grain; in America, a mixture of wheat and rye.

Mesne

MESNE, a. meen. [Old French] In law, middle; intervening; as a mesne lord, that is, a lord who holds land of a superior, but grants a part of it to another person. In this case, he is a tenant to the superior, but lord or superior to the second grantee, and called the mesne lord.

Mesne process, that part of the proceedings in a suit which intervenes between the original process or writ and the final issue, and which issues, pending the suit, on some collateral matter; and sometimes it is understood to be the whole process preceding the execution.

Blackstone.

Mesne profits, the profits of an estate which accrue to a tenant in possession, after the demise of the lessor.

Mesocolon

MES'OCOLON, noun [Greek, middle, and colon.]

In anatomy, that part of the mesentery, which, having reached the extremity of the ileum, contracts and changes its name, or that part of the mesentery to which the colon is attached.

Encyc. Hooper.

Mesoleucys

MESOLEU'CYS, noun [Greek, middle, and, white.]

A precious stone with a streak of white in the middle.

Dict.

Mesolite

MES'OLITE, noun A mineral of the zeolite family.

Mesologarithm

MESOLOG'ARITHM, noun [Greek, middle, and logarithm.]

A logarithm of the co-sines and co-tangents.

Kepler. Harris.

The former is called by Napier an antilogarithm, the latter a differential.

Encyc.

Mesomelas

MESOM'ELAS, noun [Greek, middle, and, black.]

A precious stone with a black vein parting every color in the midst.

Mesotype

MES'OTYPE, noun [Greek, middle, and, form, type.]

Prismatic zeolite; a mineral divided into three subspecies, fibrous zeolite, natrolite, and mealy zeolite. This is said by some writers to be so named from its property, when transparent, of doubling images. Others say it is a mean form between stilbite and analcime.

Dict. Jameson. Phillips.

Mesprise

MESPRISE, noun Contempt; a French word. [Not in use.]

Mess

MESS, noun [In French mets is a mess of meat, perhaps meat. In Gothic mes is a dish, Irish meis. In Saxon mese is a table, Spanish mesa, Latin mensa. But mets, mess, is probably a different word.]

1. A dish or a quantity of food prepared or set on a table at one time; as a mess of pottage; a mess of herbs; a mess of broth.

Milton. Pope.

2. A medley; a mixed mass; a quantity.

3. As much provender or grain as is given to a beast at once.

4. A number of persons who eat together; among seamen and soldiers.

Mess

MESS, verb intransitive To eat; to feed.

2. To associate at the same table; to eat in company, as seamen.

Mess

MESS, verb transitive To supply with a mess.

Message

MES'SAGE, noun [French from Latin missus, mitto, to send; Spanish mensage.]

1. Any notice, word or communication, written or verbal, sent from one person to another. We send a servant with a verbal or written message.

The welcome message made, was soon received.

Dryden.

2. An official written communication of facts or opinions sent by a chief magistrate to the two houses of a legislature or other deliberative body. Congress receives a message from the President of the United States at the opening of the session. The Governors of some of the states communicate to the legislature by message, others by address.

3. An official verbal communication from one branch of a legislature to the other.

Messager

MES'SAGER, or MES'SENGER, noun [French messager; Italian messaggiere; Spanish mensagero. The correct orthography is messager.]

1. One who bears a message or an errand; the bearer of a verbal or written communication, notice or invitation from one person to another, or to a public body; one who conveys dispatches from one prince or court to another.

2. A harbinger; a forerunner; he or that which foreshows.

Yon gray lines

That fret the clouds, are messengers of day.

Shak.

Messiah

MESSI'AH, noun [Hebrew, anointed.] Christ, the anointed; the Savior of the world.

I know that when Messiah cometh, who is called Christ, he will tell us all things. Jesus answered her, I that speak to thee am he. John 4.

Messiahship

MESSI'AHSHIP, noun The character, state or office of the Savior.

JosephusÃ‚--whose prejudices were against the Messiahship and religion of Jesus.

Buckminster.

Messieurs

MES'SIEURS, noun [plu. of monsieur, my lord.] Sirs; gentlemen.

Mess-Mate

MESS'-MATE, noun An associate in eating; one who eats ordinarily at the same table.

Messuage

MESS'UAGE, noun [from Old French meson, mesonage, a house or house-room; mesuenges, household. The French now write maison.]

In law, a dwelling house and adjoining land, appropriated to the use of the household, including the adjacent buildings.

Encyc.

Met

MET, preterit tense and participle passive of meet.

Metabasis

METAB'ASIS, noun [Greek from, beyond, and, to go.]

In rhetoric, transition; a passing from one thing to another.

Metabola

METAB'OLA, noun [Greek, beyond, and, a casting.]

In medicine, a change of air, time or disease. [Little used.]

Dict.

Metacarpal

METACARP'AL, adjective [from metacarpus.] Belonging to the metacarpus.

Metacarpus

METACARP'US, noun [Greek; beyond, and, the wrist.]

In anatomy, the part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers.

Metachronism

METACH'RONISM, noun [Gr, beyond, and, time.]

An error in chronology, by placing an event after its real time.

Metage

ME'TAGE, noun [from mete.] Measurement of coal; price of measuring.

Metagrammatism

METAGRAM'MATISM, noun [Greek, beyond, and, a letter.]

Anagrammatism, or metagrammatism, is a transposition of the letters of a name into such a connection as to express some perfect sense applicable to the person named.

Camden.

Metal

METAL, n. met'l. [French from Latin metallum; Greek; Swedish German metall; Dutch metaal; id.; Danish metal; Spanish id.; Italian metallo; Irish miotal; Welsh mettel.]

A simple, fixed, shining, opake body or substance, insoluble in water, fusible by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, capable when in the state of an oxyd, of uniting with acids and forming with them metallic salts. Many of the metals are also malleable or extensible by the hammer, and some of them extremely ductile. Metals are mostly fossil, sometimes found native or pure, but more generally combined with other matter. Some metals are more malleable than others, and this circumstance gave rise to the distinction of metals and semi-metals; a distinction of metals and semi-metals; a distinction little regarded at the present day. Recent discoveries have enlarged the list of the metals, and the whole number now recognized is thirty, exclusive of those which have been recently discovered, as the bases of the earths and alkalies. Twelve of these are malleable, viz. platina, gold, silver, mercury, lead, copper, tin, iron, zink, palladium, nickel, and cadmium. The following sixteen are not sufficiently tenacious to bear extension by beating, viz. arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cobalt, manganese, tellurium, titanium, columbium, molybden, tungsten, chrome, osmium, iridium, rhodium, uranium, and cerium.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Thomson. Phillips. Ure.

To these may be added potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, calcium, and lithium.

Henry.

The following have not been exhibited in a separate form; magnesium, glucinum, yttrium, aluminum, thorinum, zirconium, and silicium.

2. Courage; spirit; so written by mistake for mettle.

Metalepsis

METALEP'SIS, noun [Greek, participation; beyond, and, to take.]

In rhetoric, the continuation of a trope in one word through a succession of significations, or the union of two or more tropes of a different kind in one word, so that several gradations or intervening senses come between the word expressed and the thing intended by it; as ``in one Cesar there are many Mariuses.' Here Marius, by a synecdoche or antonomasy, is put for any ambitious, turbulent man, and this, by a metonymy of the cause, for the ill effects of such a temper to the public.

Bailey. Encyc.

Metaleptic

METALEP'TIC, adjective Pertaining to a metalepsis or participation; translative.

2. Transverse; as the metaleptic motion of a muscle.

Bailey.

Metaleptically

METALEP'TICALLY, adverb By transposition.

Metallic

METAL'LIC, adjective [Latin metallicus.] Pertaining to a metal or metals; consisting of metal; partaking of the nature of metals; like a metal; as a metallic substance; metallic ore; metallic brightness.

Metalliferous

METALLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin metallum, metal, and fero, to produce.] Producing metals.

Kirwan.

Metalliform

METAL'LIFORM, adjective Having the form of metals; like metal.

Kirwan.

Metalline

MET'ALLINE, adjective Pertaining to a metal; consisting of metal.

2. Impregnated with metal; as metalline water.

Bacon.

Metallist

MET'ALLIST, noun A worker in metals, or one skilled in metals.

Moxon.

Metallization

METALLIZA'TION, noun The act or process of forming into a metal; the operation which gives to a substance its proper metallic properties.

Encyc. Dict.

Metallize

MET'ALLIZE, verb transitive To form into metal; to give to a substance its proper metallic properties.

Dict.

Metallography

METALLOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, metal, and, description.] An account of metals, or a treatise on metallic substances.

Dict.

Metalloid

MET'ALLOID, noun [metal, and Greek.] A name sometimes applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and earths.

Metalloidal

METALLOID'AL, adjective Having the form or appearance of a metal.

Metallurgic

MET'ALLURGIC, adjective [See Metallurgy.] Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art of working metals.

Metallurgist

MET'ALLURGIST, noun One whose occupation is to work metals, or to purify, refine and prepare metals for use.

Metallurgy

MET'ALLURGY, noun [Greek, metal, and, work.]

The art of working metals, comprehending the whole process of separating them from other matters in the ore, smelting, refining and parting them. Gilding is also a branch of metallurgy. But in a more limited and usual sense, metallurgy is the operation of separating metals from their ores.

Encyc.

The French include in metallurgy the art of drawing metals from the earth.

Dict.

Metalman

MET'ALMAN, noun A worker in metals; a coppersmith or tinman.

Metamorphic

METAMORPH'IC, or METAMORPH'OSIC, adjective [See Metamorphose.] Changing the form; transforming.

Metamorphose

METAMORPH'OSE, verb transitive [Greek; over, beyond, and, form.] To change into a different form; to transform; particularly, to change the form of insects, as from the larva to a winged animal. The ancients pretended that Jupiter was metamorphosed into a bull, and Lycaon into a wolf.

And earth was metamorphosed into man.

Dryden.

Metamorphoser

METAMORPH'OSER, noun One that transforms or changes the shape.

Metamorphosing

METAMORPH'OSING, participle of the present tense Changing the shape.

Metamorphosis

METAMORPH'OSIS, noun Change of form or shape; transformation; particularly, a change in the form of being; as the metamorphosis of an insect from the aurelia or chrysalis state into a winged animal.

2. Any change of form or shape.

Metamorphostical

METAMORPHOS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to or effected by metamorphosis.

Pope.

Metaphor

MET'APHOR, noun [Greek, from, to transfer; over, and, to carry.]

A short similitude; a similitude reduced to a single word; or a word expressing similitude without the signs of comparison. Thus ``that man is a fox,' is a metaphor; but ``that man is like a fox,' is a similitude or comparison. So when I say, ``the soldiers were lions in combat,' I use a metaphor; but when I say, ``the soldiers fought like lions,' I use a similitude. In metaphor, the similitude is contained in the name; a man is a fox, means, a man is as crafty as a fox. So we say, a man bridles his anger, that is, restrains it as a bridle restrains a horse. Beauty awakens love or tender passions; opposition fires courage.

Metaphoric

METAPHOR'IC, or METAPHOR'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to metaphor; comprising a metaphor; not literal; as a metaphorical use of words; a metaphorical expression; a metaphorical sense.

Metaphorically

METAPHOR'ICALLY, adverb In a metaphorical manner; not literally.

Metaphorist

MET'APHORIST, noun One that makes metaphors.

Pope.

Metaphrase

MET'APHRASE, noun [Greek; over, according to or with, and, phrase.]

A verbal translation; a version or translation of one language into another, word for word.

Dryden.

Metaphrast

MET'APHRAST, noun A person who translates from one language into another, word for word.

Encyc.

Metaphrastic

METAPHRAS'TIC, adjective Close or literal in translation.

Metaphysic

METAPHYS'IC, or METAPHYS'ICAL, a. s as z. [See Metaphysics.]

1. Pertaining or relating to metaphysics.

2. According to rules or principles of metaphysics; as metaphysical reasoning.

3. Preternatural or supernatural. [Not used.]

Shak.

Metaphysically

METAPHYS'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of metaphysical science.

Metaphysician

METAPHYSI'CIAN, n. s as z. One who is versed in the science of metaphysics.

Metaphysics

METAPHYS'ICS, n. s as z. [ Greek, after, and, physics. It is said that this name was given to the science by Aristotle or his followers, who considered the science of natural bodies, physics, as the first in the order of studies, and the science of mind or intelligence to be the second.]

The science of the principles and causes of all things existing; hence, the science of mind or intelligence. This science comprehends ontology, or the science which treats of the nature, essence, and qualities or attributes of being; cosmology, the science of the world, which treats of the nature and laws of matter and of motion; anthroposophy, which treats of the powers of man, and the motions by which life is produced; psychology, which treats of the powers of man, and the motions by which life is produced; psychology, which treats of the intellectual soul; pneumatology, or the science of spirits or angels, &c. Metaphysical theology, called by Leibnitz and others

theodicy, treats of the existence of God, his essence and attributes. These divisions of the science of metaphysics, which prevailed in the ancient schools, are now not much regarded. The natural division of things that exist is into body and mind, things material and immaterial. The former belong to physics, and the latter to the science of metaphysics.

Encyc.

Metaplasm

MET'APLASM, noun [Greek, transformation; over, and, to form.]

In grammar, a transmutation or change made in a word by transposing or retrenching a syllable or letter.

Metastasis

METAS'TASIS, noun [Greek, mutation; over, and, to place.]

A translation or removal of a disease from one part to another, or such an alteration as is succeeded by a solution.

Coxe. Encyc.

Metatarsal

METATAR'SAL, adjective [from metatarsus.] Belonging to the metatarsus.

Metatarsus

METATAR'SUS, noun [Greek, beyond, and, tarsus.] The middle of the foot, or part between the ankle and the toes.

Coxe.

Metathesis

METATH'ESIS, noun [Greek; over, and, to set.]

1. Transposition; a figure by which the letters or syllables of a word are transposed; as pistris for pristis.

Encyc.

2. In medicine, a change or removal of a morbid cause, without expulsion.

Coxe. Encyc.

Mete

METE, verb transitive [Saxon metan, ametan, gemetan; Dutch meeten; German messen; Swedish m?ta; Spanish medir; Latin metior; Greek; Welsh meidraw; Chaldee and Hebrew, to measure; Arabic madda, to extend. See Measure, and Class Md. No. 2.]

To measure; to ascertain quantity, dimensions or capacity by any rule or standard. [Obsolescent.]

Mete

METE, noun [Saxon mitta.] Measure; limit; boundary; used chiefly in the plural, in the phrase, metes and bounds.

Metempsychose

METEMP'SYCHOSE, verb transitive To translate from one body to another, as the soul.

Metempsychosis

METEMPSYCHO'SIS, noun [Greek; beyond, and, animation, life; to animate.]

Transmigration; the passing of the soul of a man after death into some other animal body. Pythagoras and his followers held that after death the souls of men pass into other bodies, and this doctrine still prevails in some parts of Asia, particularly in India and China.

Encyc.

Metemptosis

METEMP'TOSIS, noun [Greek, after, and, to fall.]

In chronology, the solar equation necessary to prevent the new moon from happening a day too late, or the suppression of the bissextile once in 134 years. The opposite to this is the proemptosis, or the addition of a day every 300 years, and another every 2400 years.

Encyc.

Meteor

ME'TEOR, noun [Greek, sublime, lofty.]

1. In a general sense, a body that flies or floats in the air, and in this sense it includes rain, hail, snow, &c. But in a restricted sense, in which it is commonly understood,

2. A fiery or luminous body or appearance flying or floating in the atmosphere, or in a more elevated region. We give this name to the brilliant globes or masses of matter which are occasionally seen moving rapidly through our atmosphere, and which throw off, with loud explosions, fragments that reach the earth, and are called falling stones. We call by the same name those fire balls which are usually denominated falling stars, supposed to be owing to gelatinous matter inflated by phosphureted hydrogen gas; also, the lights which appear over moist grounds and grave yards, called ignes fatui, which are ascribed to the same cause.

And meteor-like flame lawless through the sky.

Pope.

Meteoric

METEOR'IC, adjective Pertaining to meteors; consisting of meteors.

2. Proceeding from a meteor; as meteoric stones.

Meteorize

ME'TEORIZE, verb intransitive To ascend in vapors. [Not used.]

Evelyn.

Meteorolite

MET'EOROLITE, or MET'EROLITE, noun A meteoric stone; a stone or solid compound of earthy and metallic matter which falls to the earth after the displosion of a luminous meteor or fire ball; called also aerolite.

Cleaveland.

Meteorologic

METEOROLOG'IC, or METEOROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the atmosphere and its phenomena. A meteorological table or register is an account of the state of the air and its temperature, weight, dryness or moisture, winds, &c. ascertained by the barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, anemometer and other meteorological instruments.

Meteorologist

METEOROL'OGIST, or METEROL'OGIST, noun A person skilled in meteors; one who studies the phenomena of meteors, or keeps a register of them.

Howell.

Meteorology

METEOROL'OGY, noun [Greek, lofty, and, discourse.] The science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenomena, particularly in its relation to heat and moisture.

Dutch Olmsted.

Meteoromancy

METEOROM'ANCY, or METEROM'ANCY, noun [Greek, a meteor, and, divination.]

A species of divination by meteors, chiefly by thunder and lightning; held in high estimation by the Romans.

Encyc.

Meteoroscopy

METEOROS'COPY, noun [Greek, lofty, and, to view.]

That part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies, distance of stars, &c.

Bailey.

Meteorous

METE'OROUS, adjective Having the nature of a meteor.

Milton.

Meter

ME'TER, noun [from mete.] One who measures; used in compounds, as in coal-meter, land-meter.

Meter

ME'TER, noun [Saxon meter; French metre; Latin metrum; Greek, from.]

1. Measure; verse; arrangement of poetical feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. Hexameter is a meter of six feet. This word is most improperly written metre. How very absurd to write the simple word in this manner, but in all its numerous compounds, meter, as in diameter, hexameter, thermometer, &c.

2. A French measure of length, equal to 39 37/100 English inches, the standard of linear measure, being the ten millionth part of the distance from the equator to the North Pole, as ascertained by actual measurement of an arc of the meridian.

Lunier. Dutch Olmsted.

Metewand

ME'TEWAND, noun [mete and wand.] A staff or rod of a certain length, used as a measure. [Obs.]

Ascham.

Meteyard

ME'TEYARD, noun [Saxon metgeard.] A yard, staff or rod, used as a measure. Obs.

[We now use yard.]

Metheglin

METHEG'LIN, noun [Welsh mezyglin, according to Owen, from Welsh mezyg, a physician, and llyn, water; a medicinal liquor. But mez is mead, and mezu is to be strong or able.]

A liquor made of honey and water boiled and fermented, often enriched with spices.

Encyc.

Methinks

METHINKS, v. impers. pp. methought. [me and think.] It seems to me; it appears to me; I think. Me is here in the dative. The word is not antiquated, but is not elegant.

Method

METH'OD, noun [Latin methodus; Greek; with, and, way.]

1. A suitable and convenient arrangement of things, proceedings or ideas; the natural or regular disposition of separate things or parts; convenient order for transacting business, or for comprehending any complicated subject. Without method, business of any kind will fall into confusion. To carry on farming to advantage, to keep accounts correctly, method is indispensable.

2. Way; manner. Let us know the nature of the disease, and the method of cure.

3. Classification; arrangement of natural bodies according to their common characteristics; as the method of Theophrast; the method of Ray; the Linnean method.

In natural arrangements a distinction is sometimes made between method and system. System is an arrangement founded, throughout all its parts, on some one principle. Method is an arrangement less fixed and determinate, and founded on more general relations. Thus we say, the natural method, and the artificial or sexual system of Linne, though the latter is not a perfect system.

Ed. Encyc.

Methodic

METHOD'IC, or METHOD'ICAL, adjective Arranged in convenient order; disposed in a just and natural manner, or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical operations; as a methodical arrangement of the parts of a discourse or of arguments; a methodical treatise; methodical accounts.

Methodically

METHOD'ICALLY, adverb In a methodical manner; according to natural or convenient order.

Methodism

METH'ODISM, noun The doctrines and worship of the sect of Christians called Methodists.

Methodist

METH'ODIST, noun One that observes method.

2. One of a sect of christians, founded by Morgan, or rather by John Wesley, and so called from the exact regularity of their lives, and the strictness of their principles and rules.

3. A physician who practices by method or theory.

Boyle.

4. In the cant of irreligious men, a person of strict piety; one who lives in the exact observance of religious duties.

Methodistic

METHODIS'TIC, adjective Resembling the Methodists; partaking of the strictness of Methodists.

Chaldee Obs.

Methodize

METH'ODIZE, verb transitive To reduce to method; to dispose in due order; to arrange in a convenient manner.

One who brings with him any observations he has made in reading the poets, will find his own reflections methodized and explained in the works of a good critic.

Spectator.

Methought

METHOUGHT, preterit tense of methinks. It seemed to me; I thought.

Milton. Dryden.

Metic

ME'TIC, noun [Greek; and, house.]

In ancient Greece, a sojourner; a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place.

Mitford.

Meticulous

METIC'ULOUS, adjective [Latin Feticulosus.] Timid. [Not used.]

Coles.

Metonic Cycle

METON'IC CYCLE, or METON'IC YEAR, the cycle of the moon, or period of nineteen years, in which the lunations of the moon return to the same days of the month; so called from its discoverer Meton the Athenian.

Encyc. Baily.

Metonymic

METONYM'IC, or METONYM'ICAL, adjective [See Metonymy.] Used by way of metonymy, by putting one word for another.

Metonymically

METONYM'ICALLY, adverb By putting one word for another.

Metonymy

MET'ONYMY, noun [Greek; over, beyond, and, name.]

In rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put for another; a change of names which have some relation to each other; as when we say, ``a man keeps a good table,' instead of good provisions. ``We read Virgil,' that is, his poeFs or writings. ``They have Moses and the prophets,' that is, their books or writings. A man has a clear head, that is, understanding, intellect; a warm heart, that is, affections.

Metope

METOPE, n. met'opy. [Greek; with, near or by, and, an aperture or hollow.]

In architecture, the space between the triglyphs of the Doric frieze, which among the ancients used to be painted or adorned with carved work.

Encyc.

Metoposcopist

METOPOS'COPIST, noun [infra.] One versed in physiognomy.

Metoposcopy

METOPOS'COPY, noun [Greek, the forehead, and, to view.]

The study of physiognomy; the art of discovering the character or the dispositions of men by their features, or the lines of the face.

Encyc.

Metre

METRE. [See Meter.]

Metrical

MET'RICAL, adjective [Latin metricus; French metrique.]

1. Pertaining to measure, or due arrangement or combination of long and short syllables.

2. Consisting of verses; as metrical compositions.

Metrology

METROL'OGY, noun [Greek, measure, and, discourse.]

1. A discourse on measures or mensuration; the description of measures.

2. An account of measures, or the science of weights and measures.

J. Q. Adams.

Metropolis

METROP'OLIS, noun [Latin from Greek; mother, and, city. It has no plural.]

Literally, the mother-city, that is, the chief city or capital of a kingdom, state or country, as Paris in France, Madrid in Spain, London in Great Britain. In the United States, Washington, in the District of Columbia, is the metropolis, as being the seat of government; but in several of the states, the largest cities are not the seats of the respective governments. Yet New York city, in the state of that name, and Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, are the chief cities, and may be called each the metropolis of the state in which it is situated, though neither of them is the seat of government in the state.

Metropolitan

METROPOL'ITAN, adjective Belonging to a metropolis, or to the mother church; residing in the chief city.

Metropolitan

METROPOL'ITAN, noun The bishop of the mother church; an archbishop.

Clarendon.

Metropolite

METROP'OLITE, noun A metropolitan. [Not used.]

Metropolitic

METROPOL'ITIC, or METROPOLIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a metropolis; chief or principal of cities; archiepiscopal.

Knolles. Milner. Selden.

Mettle

METTLE, n. met'l. [usually supposed to be corrupted from metal. But it may be from Welsh mezwl or methwl, mind, connected with mezu, to be able, and coinciding with the root of the moody; Dutch moed, courage, heart, spirit; German muth, mind, courage, mettle; Saxon Swedish mod; Danish mod or mood; Gothic mod, angry. The Saxon modig, Latin animus, animosus, furnish an analogy in point. The radical sense of mind, is to advance, to push forward, whence the sense of briskness, ardor.]

Spirit; constitutional ardor; that temperament which is susceptible of high excitement. It is not synonymous with courage, though it may be accompanied with it, and is sometimes used for it.

The winged courser, like a generous horse,

Shows most true mettle when you check his course.

Pope.

Mettled

MET'TLED, adjective High spirited; ardent; full of fire.

Pope.

Mettlesome

MET'TLESOME, adjective Full of spirit; possessing constitutional ardor; brisk; fiery; as a mettlesome horse.

Tatler.

Mettlesomeness

MET'TLESOMENESS, noun The state of being high spirited.

Mew

MEW, noun [Saxon moew; Danish maage; Dutch meeuw; German mewe; French mouette.] A seafowl of the genus Larus; a gull.

Mew

MEW, noun [French mue; Armoric muz; Welsh mud, a mew and mute; Dutch muite. See the verb to mew, to shed fethers.]

A cage for birds; an inclosure; a place of confinement.

Mew

MEW, verb transitive [from the noun.] To shut up; to inclose; to confine, as in a cage or other inclosure.

More pity that the eagle should be mew'd.

Shak.

Close mew'd in their sedans, for fear of air.

Dryden.

Mew

MEW, verb transitive [Welsh miw, a shedding of fethers; Italian mudare; to mew; French muer; Armoric muza; German mausen; Dutch muiten, to mew or molt, to mutiny; Spanish muda, change, alteration, a

mute letter, time of molting or shedding fethers, roost of a hawk; Portugese mudar, to change, to mew or cast fethers or a slough; muda, a dumb woman, the mewing or molting of birds. The Welsh mud, a mew, is also removal, a pass or move, a change of residence, and mute; and the verb mudaw is to change, to remove, comprehending the Latin muto and moto. We have then clear evidence that mew, a cage, mew, to molt, and the Latin muto, moto, and mutus, and mutiny, are all from one root. The primary sense is to press or drive, whence to move, to change, and to shut up, that is, to press or drive close; and this is the sense of mute. Mutiny is from motion or change.]

To shed or cast; to change; to molt. The hawk mewed his fethers.

Nine times the moon had mew'd her hornsÃ‚--

Dryden.

Mew

MEW, verb intransitive [Welsh mewian; German miauen; coinciding probably with Latin mugio.] To cry as a cat.

Mew

MEW, verb intransitive To change; to put on a new appearance.

Mewing

MEW'ING, participle of the present tense Casting the fethers or skin; crying.

Mewl

MEWL, verb intransitive [French miauler; Italian miagolare; Spanish maullar or mayar; coinciding in elements with Latin mugio, to low; German mucken; Danish mukker, to mutter; Greek, to bleat; Irish meigiollam; Welsh migiaw.] To cry or squall, as a child.

Shak.

Mewler

MEWL'ER, noun One that squalls or mewls.

Mezereon

MEZE'REON, noun A plant of the genus Daphne; the spurge olive.

Encyc.

Mezzo

MEZZO, in music, denotes middle, mean.

Mezzorelievo

MEZZORELIE'VO, noun [Italian mezzorilievo.] Middle relief.

Mezzotinto

MEZZOTINT'O, noun [Italian mezzo, middle, half, and tinto, Latin tinctus, painted.]

A particular manner of engraving or representation of figures on copper, in imitation of painting in Indian ink. To perform this the plate is scratched and furrowed in different directions; the design is then drawn on the face, then the dents and furrows are erased from the parts where the lights of the piece are to be; the parts which are to represent shades being left.

Encyc.

Miasm

MI'ASM, or MIAS'MA, noun [Greek from, to pollute.] Infecting substances floating in the air; the effluvia or fine particles of any putrefying bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere, and considered to be noxious to health.

Miasmatic

MIASMAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to miasma; partaking of the qualities of noxious effluvia.

Mica

MI'CA, noun [Latin mica, a grain or particle; mico, to shine.]

A mineral of a foliated structure, consisting of thin flexible lamels or scales, having a shining surface. The scales are sometimes parallel, sometimes interwoven, sometimes wavy or undulated, sometimes representing filaments. It is called also talck, glimmer, muscovy-glass, and glist.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Jameson subdivides mica into ten subspecies, viz. mica, pinite, lepidolite, chlorite, green earth, talck, nacrite, potstone, steatite and figure stone.

Ure.

Micaceous

MICA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to mica; resembling mica or partaking of its properties.

Micarel

MIC'AREL, noun A species of argillaceous earth; a mineral of a brownish or blackish red color, commonly crystalized in rhomboidal prisms, or in prisms of six sides.

Dict.

Mice

MICE, plu. of mouse.

Michaelite

MI'CHAELITE, noun A subvariety of siliceous sinter, found in the isle of St. Michael.

J. Welsh Webster.

Michaelmas

MICH'AELMAS, noun The feast of St. Michael, a festival of the Romish church, celebrated Sept. 29; hence,

2. In colloquial language, autumn.

Miche

MICHE, verb intransitive [allied perhaps to Swedish maka, to withdraw; Saxon smugan, to creep. Meeching or meaching, is still used by some of our common people in the sense of mean, cowardly, retiring.]

1. To lie hid; to skulk; to retire or shrink from view.

2. To pilfer. Obs.

Shak.

Micher

MICH'ER, noun One who skulks, or creeps out of sight; a thief. Obs.

Chaucer. Sidney. Shak.

Michery

MICH'ERY, noun Theft; cheating. Obs.

Gower.

Miching

MICH'ING, participle of the present tense Retiring; skulking; creeping from sight; mean; cowardly. [Vulgar.]

Mickle

MICK'LE, adjective [Saxon micel, mucel; Scot. myche, mekyl, muckle; Swedish mycken; Spanish mucho; Greek,. See Much.]

Much; great. [Obsolete, but retained in the Scottish language.]

Mico

MI'CO, noun A beautiful species of monkey.

Microcosm

MIC'ROCOSM, noun [Greek, small, and, world.]

Literally, the little world; but used for man, supposed to be an epitome of the universe or great world.

Swift. Encyc.

Microcosmic salt, a triple salt of soda, ammonia and phosphoric acid, obtained from urine.

Ure.

Microcosmical

MICROCOS'MICAL, adjective Pertaining to the microcosm.

Microcoustic

MICROCOUS'TIC, noun [Greek, small, and, to hear.]

An instrument to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing.

Micrography

MICROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, small, and, to describe.]

The description of objects too small to be discerned without the aid of a microscope.

Encyc. Grew.

Micrometer

MICROM'ETER, noun [Greek, small, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring small objects or spaces, by the help of which, the apparent magnitude of objects viewed through the microscope or telescope, is measured with great exactness.

Encyc.

Microphone

MIC'ROPHONE, noun [Greek, small, and, sound.]

An instrument to augment small sounds; a microcoustic.

Bailey.

Microscope

MIC'ROSCOPE, noun [Greek, small, and, to view.]

An optical instrument consisting of lenses or mirrors, which magnify objects, and thus render visible minute objects which cannot be seen by the naked eye, or enlarge the apparent magnitude of small visi- bodies, so as to enable us to examine their texture or construction.

Microscopic

MICROSCOP'IC, or MICROSCOP'ICAL, adjective Made by the aid of a microscope; as microscopic observation.

Arbuthnot.

2. Assisted by a microscope.

Evading even the microscopic eye.

Thomson.

3. Resembling a microscope; capable of seeing small objects.

Why has not man a microscopic eye?

Pope.

4. Very small; visible only by the aid of a microscope; as a microscopic insect.

Microscopically

MICROSCOP'ICALLY, adverb By the microscope; with minute inspection.

Good.

Micturition

MICTURI'TION, noun [Latin micturio.] The act of making water, or passing the urine.

Darwin.

Mid

MID, adjective [Saxon midd, middle; Latin medius; Welsh mid, an inclosure.]

1. Middle; at equal distance from extremes; as the mid hour of night.

Rowe.

2. Intervening.

No more the mounting larks, while Daphne sings,

Shall, lifting in mid air, suspend their wings.

Pope.

Mida

MI'DA, noun [Greek.] A worm, or the beanfly.

Chambers.

Mid-Age

MID'-AGE, noun The middle of life, or persons of that age.

Shak.

Mid-Course

MID-COURSE, noun The middle of the course or way.

Milton.

Mid-Day

MID'-DAY, adjective Being at noon; meridional; as the mid-day sun.

Addison.

Mid-Day

MID'-DAY, noun The middle of the day; noon.

Donne.

Middest

MID'DEST, a. superl. of mid.

Among the middest crowd. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Middle

MIDDLE, a. mid'l. [Saxon Dutch middel; German mittel; Danish middel; perhaps mid and deel; Sanscrit medhi and madhyam; Latin medius; Greek; Italian mezzo; Spanish medio; Portugese mayo, mediano; Irish modham, muadh; French midi, moyen, [mitan, Obs.;] Chaldee. This word has the elements of the Saxon mid, Dutch mede, Swedish and Danish mede, German mit, with, Greek, which is from the root of the English meet, which see. Qu. has not the Latin medius, in the phrase medius fidius, the sense of with or by; by or with my faith. In Welsh mid signifies an inclosure, a hem or list round a place. In Russian mejdu signifies among. See Class Ms. No. 21. 27.]

1. Equally distant from the extremes; as the middle point of a line or circle; the middle station of life. The middle path or course is most safe.

2. Intermediate; intervening.

Will, seeking good, finds many middle ends.

Davies.

Middle ages, the ages or period of time about equally distant from the decline of the Roman empire and the revival of letters in Europe, or from the eighth to the fifteenth century of the christian era.

Middle

MID'DLE, noun The point or part equally distant from the extremities.

See, there come people down by the middle of the land. Judges 9.

2. The time that passes, or events that happen between the beginning and the end.

Dryden.

Middle-Aged

MID'DLE-AGED, adjective Being about the middle of the ordinary age of man. A middle-aged man is so called from the age of thirty five or forty to forty five or fifty.

Middle-Earth

MID'DLE-EARTH, noun [Saxon middan-eard.] The world. Obs.

Shak.

Middlemost

MID'DLEMOST, adjective Being in the middle, or nearest the middle of a number of things that are near the middle. If a thing is in the middle, it cannot be more so, and in this sense the word is improper. But when two or more things are near the middle, one may be nearer than another.

Middling

MID'DLING, adjective [Saxon midlen.] Of middle rank, state, size or quality; about equally distant from the extremes; moderate. Thus we speak of people of the middling class or sort, neither high nor low; of a man of middling capacity or understanding; a man of middling size; fruit of a middling quality.

Midge

MIDGE, noun [Saxon myge, mygge.] A gnat or flea. [Not used.]

Mid-Heaven

MID'-HEAVEN, noun The middle of the sky or heaven.

Milton.

Midland

MID'LAND, adjective Being in the interior country; distant from the coast or sea shore; as midland towns or inhabitants.

Howell. Hale.

2. Surrounded by the sea; mediterranean.

And on the midland sea the French had aw'd.

Dryden.

Midleg

MID'LEG, noun Middle of the leg.

Bacon.

Midmost

MID'MOST, adjective Middle; as the midmost battles.

Dryden.

Midnight

MID'NIGHT, noun The middle of the night; twelve o'clock at night.

Midnight

MID'NIGHT, adjective Being in the middle of the night; as midnight studies.

Bacon.

2. Dark as midnight; very dark; as midnight gloom.

Midriff

MID'RIFF, noun [Saxon midhrife; mid and hrife, the belly.]

In anatomy, the diaphragm; the muscle which divides the trunk into two cavities, the thorax and abdomen.

Quincy.

Midsea

MID'SEA, noun The Mediterranean sea.

Dryden.

Midship

MID'SHIP, adjective Being or belonging to the middle of a ship; as a midship beam.

Midshipman

MID'SHIPMAN, noun In ships of war, a kind of naval cadet, whose business is to second the orders of the superior officers and assist in the necessary business of the ship, particularly in managing the sails, that he may be trained to a knowledge of the machinery, discipline and operations of ships of war, and qualified for naval service.

Mar. Dict.

Midships

MID'SHIPS, adverb In the middle of a ship; properly amidships.

Midst

MIDST, noun [contracted from middest, the superlative of mid.] The middle.

There is nothing said or done in the midst of the play, which might not have been placed in the beginning.

Dryden.

The phrase, in the midst, often signifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by, or in the thickest part, or in the depths of; as in the midst of afflictions, troubles or cares; in the midst of our contemplations; in the midst of the battle; in the midst of pagan darkness and error; in the midst of gospel light; in the midst of the ocean; in the midst of civil dissensions.

From the midst, from the middle, or from among. Deuteronomy 18.

Midst

MIDST, adverb In the middle.

On earth, join all ye creatures to extol

Him first, Him last, Him midst, and without end.

Milton.

Midstream

MID'STREAM, noun The middle of the stream.

Dryden.

Midsummer

MID'SUMMER, noun The middle of summer; the summer solstice, about the 21st of June.

Swift. Gay.

Midward

MID'WARD, adverb Midst. [Not in use.]

Midway

MID'WAY, noun The middle of the way or distance.

Paths indirect, or in the midway faint.

Milton.

Midway

MID'WAY, adjective Being in the middle of the way or distance; as the midway air.

Shak.

Midway

MID'WAY, adverb In the middle of the way or distance; half way.

She met his glance midway.

Dryden.

Midwife

MID'WIFE, noun [supposed by Junius and Skinner to be meedwife, a woman that has a reward. This is probably a mistake. The word is a compound of mid, with, and wif, a woman; in analogy with the Latin obstetrix, from obsto, obstiti, to stand before. The Dutch use vroedvrouw, a wise or skillful woman. The Danish equivalent word is iordemoder, earth-mother; the Swedish, iord-gumma. The Spanish and Portuguese word is comadre; co for Latin cum, with, and madre, mother, which is precisely analogous to midwife.]

A woman that assists other women in childbirth.

Midwife

MID'WIFE, verb intransitive To perform the office of midwife.

Midwife

MID'WIFE, verb transitive To assist in childbirth.

Midwifery

MID'WIFERY, noun The art or practice of assisting women in childbirth; obstetrics.

2. Assistance at childbirth.

3. Help or cooperation in production.

Stepney.

Mid-Winter

MID'-WINTER, noun The middle of winter, or the winter solstice, December 21. As the severity of winter in North America falls in January and February, the word ordinarily denotes this period, or some weeks after the winter solstice.

Miemite

MI'EMITE, noun Granular miemite is a subvariety of magnesian limestone, first found at Miemo, in Tuscany. It occurs massive, or crystalized in flat, double, three-sided pyramids. Its color is light green or greenish white.

Jameson. Cyc.

Mien

MIEN, noun [French mine; Danish Swedish id.; Armoric man; Cornish mein, the face; Icelandic mind, image. See Man.]

Look; air; manner; external appearance; carriage; as a lofty mien; a majestic mien.

Waller. Pope.

Miff

MIFF, noun A slight degree of resentment. [Colloquial.]

Miffed

MIF'FED, adjective Slightly offended. [In Norman French, mefet is offense or misdeed, and meffet, misdone; mes and faire; whence meffere, to do mischief. But qu. whether this is the English miff.]

Might

MIGHT, n. pret. of may. Had power or liberty. He might go, or might have gone.

2. It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance of the fact in the speaker. Orders might have been given for the purpose.

Might

MIGHT, noun [Saxon might, meht; German macht; Dutch Swedish Danish magt; from the root of may, Saxon magan, to be able; Sanscrit mahat, strong. See May.]

1. Strength; force; power; primarily and chiefly, bodily strength or physical power; as, to work or strive with all one's might.

There shall be no might in thy hand. Deuteronomy 28.

2. Political power or great achievments.

The acts of DavidÃ‚--with all his reign and his might. 1 Chronicles 29:1 Kings 15.

3. National strength; physical power or military force.

We have no might against this great company that cometh against us. 2 Chronicles 20.

4. Valor with bodily strength; military prowess; as men of might. 1 Chronicles 12.

5. Ability; strength or application of means.

I have prepared with all my might for the house of my GodÃ‚-- 1 Chronicles 29.

6. Strength or force of purpose.

Like him was no king that turned to the Lord with all his might. 2 Kings 23.

7. Strength of affection.

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. Deuteronomy 6.

8. Strength of light; splendor; effulgence.

Let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. Judges 5.

Shakspeare applies the word to an oath.

``An oath of mickle might.' This application is obsolete. We now use strength or force; as the strength or force of an oath or covenant.

With might and main, with the utmost strength or bodily exertion; a tautological phrase, as both words are from the same root, and mean the same thing.

Mightily

MI'GHTILY, adverb [from mighty.] With great power, force or strength; vigorously; as, to strive mightily.

2. Vehemently; with great earnestness.

Cry mightily to God. Jonah 3.

3. Powerfully; with great energy.

Whereto I also labor, striving according to his working, which worketh in me mightity. Colossians 1.

4. With great strength of argument.

He mightily convinced the Jews. Acts 18.

5. With great or irresistible force; greatly; extensively.

So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed. Acts 19.

6. With strong means of defense.

Fortify thy power mightily. Nahum 2.

7. Greatly; to a great degree; very much.

I was mightily pleased with a story applicable to this piece of philosophy.

Spectator.

[Admissible in colloquial and familiar language.]

Mightiness

MI'GHTINESS, noun Power; greatness; highth of dignity.

How soon this mightiness meets misery!

Shak.

2. A title of dignity; as their High Mightinesses.

Mighty

MI'GHTY, adjective [Saxon mihtig.] Having great bodily strength or physical power; very strong or vigorous; as a mighty arm.

2. Very strong; valiant; bold; as a mighty man of valor. Judges 6.

3. Very powerful; having great command.

Cush begat Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one on the earth. Genesis 10.

4. Very strong in numbers; as a mighty nation. Genesis 18.

5. Very strong or great in corporeal power; very able.

Wo to them that are mighty to drink wine. Isaiah 5.

6. Violent; very loud; as mighty thunderings. Exodus 9. Ps. 1xviii.

7. Vehement; rushing with violence; as a mighty wind or tempest. Exodus 10. Revelation 6.

8. Very great; vast; as mighty waters. Nehemiah 9.

9. Very great or strong; as mighty power. 2 Chronicles 26.

10. Very forcible; efficacious; as, great is truth and mighty.

Esdras.

11. Very great or eminent in intellect or acquirements; as the mighty Scaliger and Selden.

Echard.

12. Great; wonderful; performed with great power; as mighty works. Matthew 11.

13. Very severe and distressing; as a mighty famine. Luke 15.

14. Very great, large or populous; as a mighty city. Revelation 18.

15. Important; momentous.

I'll sing of heroes and of kings,

In mighty numbers mighty things.

Cowley.

Mighty

MI'GHTY, adverb In a great degree; very; as mighty wise; mighty thoughtful. [Colloquial.]

Prior.

Migniard

MIGNIARD, adjective [French mignard.] Soft; dainty; delicate; pretty.

B. Jonson.

Mignonette

MIGNONETTE, or MIG'ONET, noun [French] An annual flower or plant of the genus Reseda, having the scent of raspherries.

Mason.

Migrate

MI'GRATE, verb intransitive [Latin migro.] To pass or remove from one country or from one state to another, with a view to permanent residence, or residence of some continuance. The first settlers of New England migrated first to Holland, and afterwards to America. Some species of fowls migrate in autumn to a warmer climate for a temporary residence. To change residence in the same city or state is not to migrate.

2. To pass or remove from one region or district to another for a temporary residence; as, the Tartars migrate for the sake of finding pasturage.

Migrating

MI'GRATING, participle of the present tense Removing from one state to another for a permanent residence. The people of the eastern states are continually migrating to the western states.

Migration

MIGRA'TION, noun [Latin migratio.] The act of removing from one kingdom or state to another, for the purpose of permanent residence, or a residence of some continuance.

2. Change of place; removal; as the migration of the center of gravity.

Woodward.

Migratory

MI'GRATORY, adjective Removing or accustomed to remove from one state or country to another for permanent residence.

2. Roving; wandering; occasionally removing for pasturage; as the migratory Tartars.

3. Passing from one climate to another; as fowls.

Milch

MILCH, adjective [Saxon melce. See Milk.] Giving milk; as a milch cow. It is now applied only to beasts.

Mild

MILD, adjective [Saxon mild; German, Dutch Swedish Danish id.; Russian melayu, to pity. The primary sense is soft or smooth, Latin mollis, mellow, Welsh mall; allied perhaps to melt. Class Ml. No. 9. 16. 18.]

1. Soft; gently and pleasantly affecting the senses; not violent; as a mild air; a mild sun; a mild temperature; a mild light.

The rosy morn resigns her light

And milder glory to the noon.

Waller.

And with a milder gleam refreshed the sight.

Addison.

2. Not acrid, pungent, corrosive or drastic; operating gently; not acrimonious; demulcent; mollifying; lenitive; assuasive; as a mild liquor; a mild cataplasm; a mild cathartic or emetic.

3. Tender and gentle in temper or disposition; kind; compassionate; merciful; clement; indulgent; not severe or cruel.

It teaches us to adore him as a mild and merciful Being.

Rogers.

4. Not fierce, rough or angry; as mild words.

5. Placid; not fierce; not stern; not frowning; as a mild look or aspect.

6. Not sharp, tart, sour or bitter; moderately sweet or pleasant to the taste; as mild fruit.

7. Calm; tranquil. When passion subsides the temper becomes mild.

8. Moderate; not violent or intense; as a mild heat.

Mildew

MIL'DEW, noun [Saxon mildeaw; Latin melligo, from mel, honey; German mehlthau, as if from mehl, meal.]

1. Honey dew; a thick, clammy, sweet juice, found on the leaves of plants, which is said to injure the plants by corroding them, or otherwise preventing them from coming to perfection.

Hill. Encyc.

2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture.

Mildew

MIL'DEW, verb transitive To taint with mildew.

Shak.

Mildewed

MIL'DEWED, participle passive Tainted or injured by mildew.

Mildewing

MIL'DEWING, participle of the present tense Tainting with mildew.

Mildly

MILDLY, adverb Softly; gently; tenderly; not roughly or violently; moderately; as, to speak mildly; to burn mildly; to operate mildly.

Mildness

MILDNESS, noun Softness; gentleness; as the mildness of words or speech; mildness of voice.

2. Tenderness; mercy; clemency; as mildness of temper.

3. Gentleness of operation; as the mildness of a medicine.

4. Softness; the quality that affects the senses pleasantly; as the mildness of fruit or of liquors.

5. Temperateness; moderate state; as the mildness of weather.

Mild-Spirited

MILD-SPIR'ITED, adjective Having a mild temper.

Arbuthnot.

Mile

MILE, noun [Latin mille passus, a thousand paces; passus being dropped in common usage, the word became a noun; Saxon Swedish mil; Danish miil; German meile; Dutch myl; French mille; Spanish milla; Portugese milha; Italian miglio.]

A measure of length or distance, containing eight furlongs, 320 rods, poles or perches, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. The Roman mile was a thousand paces, equal to 1600 yards English measure.

Mileage

MI'LEAGE, noun Fees paid for travel by the mile.

Milestone

MI'LESTONE, noun A stone set to mark the distance or space of a mile.

Milfoil

MIL'FOIL, noun [Latin millefolium, a thousand leaves.]

A plant of the genus Achillea; yarrow.

Miliary

MIL'IARY, adjective [French miliaire, Latin milium, millet.]

1. Resembling millet seeds; as a miliary eruption; miliary glands. The miliary glands are the sebaceous glands of the skin.

Coxe.

2. Accompanied with an eruption like millet seeds; as a miliary fever.

Milice

MILICE, for militia, is not in use.

Miliolite

MIL'IOLITE, noun Fossil remains of the Miliola, a genus of univalve shells.

Ed. Encyc.

Militancy

MIL'ITANCY, noun Warfare. [Little used.]

Mountague.

Militant

MIL'ITANT, adjective [Latin militans, milito, to fight.]

1. Fighting; combating; serving as a soldier.

Spenser.

2. The church militant, is the christian church on earth, which is supposed to be engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies; thus distinguished from the church triumphant, or in heaven.

Hooker.

Militarily

MIL'ITARILY, adverb In a soldierly manner.

Military

MIL'ITARY, adjective [French militaire; Latin militaris, from miles, a soldier; milito, to fight; Greek, contest.]

1. Pertaining to soldiers or to arms; as a military parade or appearance; military discipline.

2. Engaged in the service of soldiers or arms; as a military man.

3. Warlike; becoming a soldier; as military virtue; military bravery.

4. Derived from the services or exploits of a soldier; as military renown.

5. Conformable to the customs or rules of armies or militia. The conduct of the officer was not military.

6. Performed or made by soldiers; as a military election.

Bacon.

Military tenure, a tenure of land, on condition of performing military service.

Military

MIL'ITARY, noun The whole body of soldiers; soldiery; militia; an army.

U. States. Mitford.

Militate

MIL'ITATE, verb intransitive [Latin milito.] To militate against, is to oppose; to be or to act in opposition.

Smollet.

Paley writes, to militate with; but in America, against is generally used.

Militia

MILI'TIA, noun [Latin from miles, a soldier; Irish mal or mil; Welsh milwr; Greek, war; to fight; combat, contention. The primary sense of fighting is to strive, struggle, drive, or to strike, to beat, moil, Latin molior, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Arabic, to labor or toil. So exercitus, from exerceo, to exert, to strive. Class Ml. No. 15.]

The body of soldiers in a state enrolled for discipline, but not engaged in actual service except in emergencies; as distinguished from regular troops, whose sole occupation is war or military service. The militia of a country are the able bodied men organized into companies, regiments and brigades, with officers of all grades, and required by law to attend military exercises on certain days only, but at other times left to pursue their usual occupations.

Milk

MILK, noun [Saxon melce; German milch; Dutch melk; Swedish mi?lk; Danish moelk; Russian mleko or moloko; Bohemian, mliko; Irish meilg. See the Verb.]

1. A white fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female animals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of their young.

2. The white juice of certain plants.

3. Emulsion made by bruising seeds.

Bacon.

Milk

MILK, verb transitive [Saxon melcan, meolcian; German, Dutch melken; Swedish mi?lka; Danish moelker; Russian melzyu; Latin mulgeo; Greek.]

1. To draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand; as, to milk a cow.

2. To suck. [Not used.]

Shak.

Milken

MILK'EN, adjective Consisting of milk. [Not used.]

Temple.

Milker

MILK'ER, noun One that milks.

Milk-Fever

MILK'-FEVER, noun A fever which accompanies the first flowing of milk in females after childbirth.

Milk-Hedge

MILK'-HEDGE, noun A shrub growing on the Coromandel coast, containing a milky juice.

Milkiness

MILK'INESS, noun Qualities like those of milk; softness.

Dryden.

Milk-Livered

MILK'-LIVERED, adjective Cowardly; timorous.

Shak.

Milk-Maid

MILK'-MAID, noun A woman that milks or is employed in the dairy.

Milkman

MILK'MAN, noun A man that sells milk or carries milk to market.

Milkpail

MILK'PAIL, noun A pail which receives the milk drawn from cows.

Milkpan

MILK'PAN, noun A pan in which milk is set.

Milkporridge

MILK'PORRIDGE, or MILK'POTTAGE, noun A species of food composed of milk or milk and water, boiled with meal or flour.

Locke.

Milkscore

MILK'SCORE, noun An account of milk sold or purchased in small quantities, scored or marked.

Addison.

Milksop

MILK'SOP, noun A soft, effeminate, feebleminded man.

Addison. Prior.

Milk-Thistle

MILK'-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Carduus.

Milk-Tooth

MILK'-TOOTH, noun The fore tooth of a foal, which is cast within two or three years.

Far. Dict.

Milk-Trefoil

MILK-TRE'FOIL, noun A plant, the cytisus.

Johnson.

Milk-Vetch

MILK'-VETCH, noun A plant of the genus Astragalus.

Milk-Wort

MILK'-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Euphorbia; spurge.

Milk-Weed

MILK'-WEED, noun A plant, the Asclepias Syriaca.

Milkwhite

MILK'WHITE, adjective White as milk.

Dryden.

Milkwoman

MILK'WOMAN, noun A woman that sells milk.

Arbuthnot.

Milky

MILK'Y, adjective Made of milk.

2. Resembling milk; as milky sap or juice.

Pope.

3. Yielding milk; as milky mothers.

Roscommon.

4. Soft; mild; gentle; timorous; as a milky heart.

Shak.

Milky-Way

MILK'Y-WAY, noun The galaxy; a broad luminous path or circle in the heavens, supposed to be the blended light of innumerable fixed stars, which are not distinguishable with ordinary telescopes.

Harris.

Mill

MILL, noun [Latin mille, a thousand.] A money of account of the United States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a dollar.

Mill

MILL, noun [Saxon miln; Welsh melin; Irish meile or muilean; Cornish melyn; Armoric mell or melin; French moulin; Latin mola; Greek,; German mÃƒ-¼hle; Dutch molen; Swedish m?l; Danish mÃƒ-¶lle; Spanish molino; Italian mulino; Russian melnitsa; Gothic malan, to grind, Irish meilim, French moudre, for mouldre, Welsh malu, Armoric mala or malein, Spanish moler, Latin molo, German mahlen, Dutch maulen, Swedish m?la, Danish maler, Portugese moÃƒ-ªr, by contraction, Russian melyu. It is not certain which is the original word, the noun or the verb; or whether both are from a prior radical sense. We observe that the elements of this word coincide with those of Latin mel, honey, mollis, mellow, mild, mold, meal, Welsh mall, &c. all expressive of softness. Grinding is now breaking by friction or pressure, but not improbably grain was pulverized by breaking before the use of the quern. If so, mill may coincide in origin with mallet. We observe that this word is in the languages of all the great European families, Celtic, Teutonic and Slavonic.]

1. A complicated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine particles, grain, fruit or other substance, or for performing other operations by means of wheels and a circular motion; as a grist-mill for grain; a coffee-mill; a cider-mill; a bark-mill. The original purpose of mills was to comminute grain for food, but the word mill is now extended to engines or machines moved by water, wind or steam, for carrying on many other operations. We have oil-mills, saw-mills, slitting-mills, bark-mills, fulling-mills, &c.

2. The house or building that contains the machinery for grinding, &c.

Mill

MILL, verb transitive To grind; to comminute; to reduce to fine particles or to small pieces.

2. To beat up chocolate.

Johnson.

3. To stamp coin.

4. To full, as cloth.

Millcog

MILL'COG, noun The cog of a mill wheel.

Mortimer.

Milldam

MILL'DAM, noun A dam or mound to obstruct a water course, and raise the water to an altitude sufficient to turn a mill wheel.

Mortimer.

Millhorse

MILL'HORSE, noun A horse that turns a mill.

Millpond

MILL'POND, noun A pond or reservoir of water raised for driving a mill wheel.

Millrace

MILL'RACE, noun The current of water that drives a mill wheel, or the canal in which it is conveyed.

Franklin.

Mill-Sixpence

MILL'-SIXPENCE, noun An old English coin first milled in 1561.

Douce.

Millstone

MILL'STONE, noun A stone used for grinding grain.

Mill-Tooth

MILL'-TOOTH, noun plu. mill-teeth. A grinder, dens molaris.

Arbuthnot.

Millenarian

MILLENA'RIAN, adjective [French millenaire. See Millenium.]

Consisting of a thousand years; pertaining to the millenium.

Encyc.

Millenarian

MILLENA'RIAN, noun A chiliast; one who believes in the millenium, and that Christ will reign on earth with his saints a thousand years before the end of the world.

Encyc.

Millenary

MIL'LENARY, adjective [French millenaire.] Consisting of a thousand.

Arbuthnot.

Millenial

MILLEN'IAL, adjective Pertaining to the millenium, or to a thousand years; as millenial period; millenial happiness.

Burnet.

Millenist

MIL'LENIST, noun One who holds to the millenium. [Not used.]

Johnson.

Millenium

MILLEN'IUM, noun [Latin mille, a thousand, and annus, year.]

A thousand years; a word used to denote the thousand years mentioned in Revelations xx. during which period Satan shall be bound and restrained from seducing men to sin, and Christ shall reign on earth with his saints.

Milleped

MIL'LEPED, noun [Latin mille, a thousand, and pes, foot.]

The wood-louse, an insect having many feet, a species of Oniscus.

Millepore

MIL'LEPORE, noun [Latin mille, a thousand, and porus, a pore.]

A genus of lithophytes or polypiers of various forms, which have the surface perforated with little holes or pores, or even without any apparent perforation.

Cuvier.

Milleporite

MIL'LEPORITE, noun Fossil millepores.

Miller

MIL'LER, noun [from mill.] One whose occupation is to attend a grist-mill.

2. An insect whose wings appear as if covered with white dust or powder, like a miller's clothes.

Millers-Thumb

MIL'LER'S-THUMB, noun A small fish found in small streams.

Millesimal

MILLES'IMAL, adjective [Latin millesimus, from mille, a thousand.]

Thousandth; consisting of thousandth parts; as millesimal fractions.

Watts.

Millet

MIL'LET, noun [French millet or mil; Italian miglio; Spanish mijo; Latin milium; Saxon mil.]

A plant of the genus Milium, of several species, one of which is cultivated as an esculent grain.

Encyc.

The Indian millet is of the genus Holcus.

Lee.

Milliary

MIL'LIARY, adjective [Latin milliarium, a milestone.]

Pertaining to a mile; denoting a mile; as a milliary column.

D'Anville.

Milligram

MIL'LIGRAM, noun [Latin mille, a thousand, and Greek, a gram.]

In the system of French weights and measures, the thousandth part of a gram, equal to a cubic millimeter of water.

Lunier.

The milligram is equal to .0154 English grains.

Cyc.

Milliliter

MIL'LILITER, noun [Latin mille, a thousand, and liter.]

A French measure of capacity containing the thousandth part of a liter or cubic decimeter, equal to .06103 decimals of a cubic inch.

Cyc.

Millimeter

MILLIM'ETER, noun [Latin mille, a thousand, and metrum, a measure.]

A French lineal measure containing the thousandth part of a meter; equal to .03937 decimals of an inch. It is the least measure of length.

Lunier. Cyc.

Milliner

MIL'LINER, noun [Johnson supposes this word to be Milaner, from Milan, in Italy.]

A woman who makes and sells head-dresses, hats or bonnets, &c. for females.

Millinery

MIL'LINERY, noun The articles made or sold by milliners, as head-dresses, hats or bonets, laces, ribins and the like.

Million

MILLION, n. mil'yun. [French million; Italian milione; Spanish millon; Portugese milham; probably from Latin mille, a thousand.]

1. The number of ten hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand. It is used as a noun or an adjective; as a million of men, or a million men. As a noun, it has a regular plural, millions.

2. In common usage, a very great number, indefinitely.

There are millions of truths that men are not concerned to know.

Locke.

Millionary

MILL'IONARY, adjective Pertaining to millions; consisting of millions; as the millionary chronology of the Pundits.

Pinkerton.

Millioned

MILL'IONED, adjective Multiplied by millions. [Not used.]

Shak.

Millionth

MILL'IONTH, adjective The ten hundred thousandth.

Millrea

MILLRE'A, or MILLREE', noun A coin of Portugal of the value of $1.24 cents.

Milt

MILT, noun [Saxon Danish Dutch milt; German milz; Swedish mi?lte; Italian milza; probably so named from its softness, and allied to mild, mellow, melt.]

1. In anatomy, the spleen, a viscus situated in the left hypochondrium under the diaphragm.

2. The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic part of the males.

Encyc.

Milt

MILT, verb transitive To impregnate the roe or spawn of the female fish.

Johnson.

Milter

MILT'ER, noun A male fish.

Walton.

Miltwort

MILT'WORT, noun A plant of the genus Asplenium.

Mime

MIME, noun A buffoon. Obs. [See Mimic.]

2. A kind of dramatic farce. Obs.

Mime

MIME, verb intransitive To mimic, or play the buffoon. Obs. [See Mimic.]

Mimer

MI'MER, noun A mimic. Obs. [See Mimic.]

Mimesis

MIME'SIS, noun [Greek] In rhetoric, imitation of the voice or gestures of another.

Encyc.

Mimetic

MIMET'IC, adjective [Greek.] Apt to imitate; given to aping or mimicry.

Mimic

MIM'IC, or MIM'ICAL, adjective [Latin mimus, mimicus; Greek,; to imitate; allied probably to.]

1. Imitative; inclined to imitate or to ape; having the practice or habit of imitating.

Man is of all creatures the most mimical in gestures, speech, &c.

Wotton.

2. Consisting of imitation; as mimic gestures.

Mimic implies often something droll or ludicrous, or less dignified than imitative.

Mimic

MIM'IC, noun One who imitates or mimics; a buffoon who attempts to excite laughter or derision by acting or speaking in the manner of another.

Prior.

2. A mean or servile imitator.

Of France the mimic, and of Spain the prey.

Anon.

Mimick

MIM'ICK, verb transitive To imitate or ape for sport; to attempt to excite laughter or derision by acting or speaking like another; to ridicule by imitation.

Ã‚--The walk, the words, the gesture, could supply,

The habit mimick, and the mien belie.

Dryden.

Mimicry

MIM'ICRY, noun Ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule.

Spectator.

Mimographer

MIMOG'RAPHER, noun [Greek and.] A writer of farces.

Herbert.

Mina

MI'NA, noun [Greek; Latin mina. Arabic Class Mn. No. 5. 9. 7.] A weight or denomination of money. The mina of the Old Testament was valued at sixty shekels. The Greek or Attic mina, was valued at a hundred drachmas, about ?2. 17s. sterling, $10.44 cents.

Encyc.

Minacious

MINA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin minax, from minor, to threaten.]

Threatening; menacing.

More.

Minacity

MINAC'ITY, noun [Latin minax.] Disposition to threaten. [Little used.]

Minaret

MIN'ARET, noun [Welsh mwn, a spire. See Mound.]

A small spire or steeple, or spire-like ornament in Saracen architecture.

Mason.

Minatory

MIN'ATORY, adjective Threatening; menacing.

Bacon.

Mince

MINCE, v. t. mins. [Saxon minsian, from the root of Latin minuo, to diminish; Welsh main, Armoric maon, French menu, mince, Irish min, mion, small, fine; Latin minor, smaller; minuo, to diminish; Greek, small, slender; to diminish; Latin minutus, minute; Swedish minska, to diminish; Arabic, manna, to weaken, to diminish. Class Mn. No. 5.]

1. To cut or chop into very small pieces; as, to mince meat.

Dryden.

2. To diminish in speaking; to retrench, cut off or omit a part for the purpose of suppressing the truth; to extenuate in representation.

I know no way to mince it in love, but to say directly, I love you.

Shak.

Siren, now mince the sin,

And mollify damnation with a phraseÃ‚--

Dryden.

If, to mince his meaning, I had either omitted some part of what he said, or taken from the strength of his expression, I certainly had wronged him.

Dryden.

TheseÃ‚--were forced to mince the matter.

Woodward.

3. To speak with affected softness; to clip words; not to utter the full sound.

Shak.

4. To walk with short or diminished steps.

Mince

MINCE, verb intransitive To walk with short steps; to walk with affected nicety; to affect delicacy in manner.

I'll turn two mincing steps

Into a manly stride.

Shak.

Because the daughters of Zion are haughtyÃ‚--walking and mincing as they go. Isaiah 3.

2. To speak softly, or with affected nicety.

Dryden.

Minced

MIN'CED, participle passive Cut or chopped into very small pieces.

Mince-Pie

MINCE-PIE, or MINCED-PIE, noun A pie made with minced meat and other ingredients, baked in paste.

Spectator.

Mincing

MIN'CING participle of the present tense Cutting into small pieces; speaking or walking affectedly.

Mincingly

MIN'CINGLY, adverb In small parts; not fully.

Hooker.

Mind

MIND, noun [Saxon gemind, gemynde; Irish mein, mian; Welsh myn or menw, mind or will; govyn, a demand; Danish minde, mind, vote, consent; minder, to remind; Swedish minne, memory; minnas, to remember, to call to mind, as Latin reminiscor; Latin mens; Greek, memory, mention; to remember; mind, ardor of mind, vehemence; anger; Sanscrit man, mana, mind, will, heart, thought; Zend, meno.

Mind signifies properly intention, a reaching or inclining forward to an object, from the primary sense of extending, stretching or inclining, or advancing eagerly, pushing or setting forward, whence the Greek sense of the word, in analogy with the Teutonic mod, moed, muth, mind, courage, spirit, mettle. So Latin animus, animosus. The Russ, has pominayu, to mention, to remember; pomin, remembrance, and umenie or umeinie, understanding. Qu. Minos, Menu, Menes, Mentor. Class Mn. No. 1. 9.]

1. Intention; purpose; design.

The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination; how much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind. Proverbs 21.

2. Inclination; will; desire; a sense much used, but expressing less than settled purpose; as in the common phrases, ``I wish to know your mind;' ``let me know your mind;' ``he had a mind to go;' ``he has a partner to his mind.'

3. Opinion; as, to express one's mind. We are of one mind.

4. Memory; remembrance; as, to put one in mind; to call to mind; the fact is out of my mind; time out of mind. From the operations of the intellect in man, this word came to signify,

5. The intellectual or intelligent power in man; the understanding; the power that conceives, judges or reasons.

I fear I am not in my perfect mind.

Shak.

So we speak of a sound mind, a disordered mind, a weak mind, a strong mind, with reference to the active powers of the understanding; and in a passive sense, it denotes capacity, as when we say, the mind cannot comprehend a subject.

6. The heart or seat of affection.

Which were a grief of mind to Isaac and Rebekah. Genesis 26.

7. The will and affection; as readiness of mind. Acts 17.

8. The implanted principle of grace. Romans 7.

Mind

MIND, verb transitive To attend to; to fix the thoughts on; to regard with attention.

Cease to request me; let us mind our way.

Dryden.

Mind not high things. Romans 12.

2. To attend to or regard with submission; to obey. His father told him to desist, but he would not mind him.

3. To put in mind; to remind. Obs.

Locke.

4. To intend; to mean.

Chapman.

Mind

MIND, verb intransitive To be inclined or disposed to incline.

When one of them mindeth to go into rebellion. Obs.

Spenser.

Minded

MINDED, adjective Disposed; inclined.

If men were minded to live virtuously.

Tillotson.

Joseph was minded to put her away privily. Matthew 1.

Minded is much used in composition; as high-minded; low-minded; feeble-minded; sober-minded; double-minded.

Mindedness

MINDEDNESS, noun Disposition; inclination towards any thing; as heavenly mindedness.

Milner.

Mindfilling

MINDFILLING, adjective Filling the mind.

Mitford.

Mindful

MINDFUL, adjective Attentive; regarding with care; bearing in mind; heedful; observant.

I promise to be mindful of your admonitions.

Hammond.

What is man, that thou art mindful of him? Psalm 7.

Mindfully

MINDFULLY, adverb Attentively; heedfully.

Mindfulness

MINDFULNESS, noun Attention; regard; heedfulness.

Minding

MINDING, participle of the present tense Regarding; heeding.

Minding

MINDING, noun Regard.

Mindless

MINDLESS, adjective Inattentive; heedless; forgetful; negligent; careless.

Cursed Athens, mindless of thy worth.

Shak.

2. Not endued with mind or intellectual powers; as mindless bodies.

Davies.

3. Stupid; unthinking; as a mindless slave.

Shak.

Mind-Stricken

MIND-STRICKEN, adjective Moved; affected in mind. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Mine

MINE, adjective called sometimes a pronominal adj. [Saxon Swedish Danish min; Gothic meins; French mon; Dutch myn; German mein, contracted from migen; for me, in Gothic is mik, Danish mig, German mich. The Latin meus, and Russian moi, are also contracted.]

My; belonging to me. It was formerly used before nouns beginning with vowels. ``I kept myself from mine iniquity.' Psalm 18. But this use is no longer retained. We now use my before a vowel as well as before an articulation; as my iniquity. In present usage, my always precedes the noun, and mine follows the noun, and usually the verb; as, this is my book; this book is mine; it is called my book; the book is called mine: it is acknowledged to be mine.

Mine sometimes supplies the place of a noun. Your sword and mine are different in construction.

Mine

MINE, noun [French mine, a mine or ore, whence mineral; Italian mina, miniera; Spanish mina, a mine, a conduit, a subterraneous canal, a spring or source of water; Portugese id.; Irish men, mianach; Danish German mine; Swedish mina; Dutch myn; Welsh mwn, whence mwnai, money; Armoric min. The radical signification is not obvious.]

1. A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores, mineral substances and other fossil bodies are taken by diging. The pits from which stones only are taken, are called quarries.

2. In the military art, a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or rampart of a fortification, where a quantity of powder may be lodged for blowing up the works.

3. A rich source of wealth or other good.

Mine

MINE, verb intransitive To dig a mine or pit in the earth.

Woodward.

2. To form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching; to form a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals; as the mining coney.

Wotton.

2. To practice secret means of injury.

Mine

MINE, verb transitive To sap; to undermine; to dig away or otherwise remove the substratum or foundation; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret means.

They mined the walls.

Hayward.

In a metaphorical sense, undermine is generally used.

Mine-Digger

MI'NE-DIGGER, noun One that digs mines.

Miner

MI'NER, noun One that digs for metals and other fossils.

2. One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a fort, &c. Armies have sappers and miners.

Mineral

MIN'ERAL, noun [French Spanish mineral; Low Latin minera, a matrix or vein of metals, whence mineralia; all from mine.]

A body destitute of organization, and which naturally exists within the earth or at its surface.

Cleaveland.

Minerals were formerly divided into salts, earths, inflammables and ores; a division which serves for a general distribution, but a more scientific arrangement into classes, orders, genera, species, subspecies and varieties, has been adopted to meet the more precise views of modern mineralogists.

Mineral

MIN'ERAL, adjective Pertaining to minerals; consisting of fossil substances; as the mineral kingdom.

2. Impregnated with minerals or fossil matter; as mineral waters; a mineral spring.

Mineralist

MIN'ERALIST, noun One versed or employed in minerals.

Mineralization

MINERALIZA'TION, noun [See Mineralize.]

1. The process of forming an ore by combination with another substance; the natural operation of uniting a metallic substance with another.

2. The process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant.

3. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water.

Mineralize

MIN'ERALIZE, verb transitive [from mineral.] In mineralogy, to combine with a metal in forming an ore or mineral. Sulphur mineralizes many of the metals.

2. To convert into a mineral.

In these caverns, the bones are not mineralized.

Buckland.

3. To impregnate with a mineral substance; as, to mineralize water.

Mineralized

MIN'ERALIZED, participle passive Deprived of its usual properties by being combined with another substance or formed into an ore; as, metallic substances are mineralized.

2. Converted into a mineral.

3. Impregnated with a mineral.

Mineralizer

MIN'ERALIZER, noun A substance which mineralizes another or combines with it in an ore, and thus deprives it of its usual and peculiar properties. Sulphur is one of the most common mineralizers.

Nicholson.

Mineralogical

MINERALOG'ICAL, adjective [See Mineralogy.]

Pertaining to the science of minerals; as a mineralogical table.

Mineralogiccally

MINERALOG'ICCALLY, adverb In mineralogy.

Phillips.

Mineralogist

MINERAL'OGIST, noun One who is versed in the science of minerals, or one who treats or discourses of the properties of mineral bodies.

Mineralogy

MINERAL'OGY, noun [mineral and Greek discourse.]

The science which treats of the properties of mineral substances, and teaches us to characterize, distinguish and class them according to their properties. It comprehends the study or science of all inorganic substances in the earth or on its surface

Encyc. Cyc.

Mingle

MIN'GLE, verb transitive [Saxon mengan or mencgan; German, Dutch mengen. This word seems to be a derivative from German menge, Saxon menigo, a multitude, or from the same root. Hence among signifies mingled, or in the crowd.]

1. To mix; to blend; to unite in one body; as, to mingle liquors of different kinds.

2. To mix or blend without order or promiscuously.

There was fire mingled with hail. Exodus 9.

3. To compound; to unite in a mass, as solid substances; as, to mingle flour, sugar and eggs in cookery.

4. To join in mutual intercourse or in society.

The holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands. Ez. 9. Psalm 106.

5. To contaminate; to render impure; to debase by mixture.

The best of us appear contented with a mingled imperfect virtue.

Rogers.

6. To confuse.

There mingle broils.

Milton.

Mingle

MIN'GLE, verb intransitive To be mixed; to be united with.

She, when she saw her sister nymphs, suppressed

Her rising fears, and mingled with the rest.

Addison.

Mingle

MIN'GLE, noun Mixture; medley; promiscuous mass. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Mingled

MIN'GLED, participle passive Mixed; united promiscuously.

Mingledly

MIN'GLEDLY, adverb Confusedly.

Barret.

Mingler

MIN'GLER, noun One that mingles.

Mingling

MIN'GLING, participle of the present tense Mixing; uniting without order.

Miniard

MIN'IARD, adjective [French mignard.] Soft; dainty. [Little used.]

Miniardize

MIN'IARDIZE, verb transitive To render soft, delicate or dainty.

Howell.

Miniate

MIN'IATE, verb transitive [Italian miniare, from minio, Latin minium, vermillion.] To paint or tinge with vermillion.

Warton.

Miniature

MIN'IATURE, noun [It Spanish miniatura, from Italian miniare, supra; French miniature.]

1. A painting in water colors on vellum, ivory or paper, with points or dots; sometimes in oil colors. The term is usually applied to portraits painted on a very small scale.

2. A picture or representation in a small compass, or less than the reality.

Encyc.

3. Red letter; rubric distinction.

Hickes.

Minikin

MIN'IKIN, adjective [Qu. Welsh main, small, and kin.] Small; diminutive; used in slight contempt.

Minikin

MIN'IKIN, noun A small sort of pins.

2. A darling; a favorite. [See Minion.]

Minim

MIN'IM, noun [Welsh main, small. See Mince.]

1. A little man or being; a dwarf.

Milton.

2. One of a certain reformed order of Franciscans or Minimi.

Weever.

3. A note in music, equal to half a semibreve or two crotchets.

4. A short poetical encomium. Obs.

Spenser.

5. A small fish.

Minimum

MIN'IMUM, noun [Latin] The least quantity assignable in a given case.

Encyc.

Minimus

MIN'IMUS, noun [Latin] A being of the smallest size.

Shak.

Mining

MI'NING, participle of the present tense Digging into the earth, as for fossils and minerals; sapping.

2. adjective Designating the business of diggiug mines; as the mining districts of Siberia.

Sparks.

Minion

MIN'ION, adjective [infra.] Fine; trim; dainty. [Not used.]

Minion

MINION. n. min'yon. [French mignon; Italian mignone, a darling; from Welsh main, French menu, small; Welsh mwyn, tender, gentle.]

A favorite; a darling; particularly, the favorite of a prince, on whom he lavishes his favors; one who gains favors by flattery or mean adulation.

Edward sent an army into Ireland, not for conquest, but to guard the person of his minion, Piers Gaviston

Davies.

The drowsy tyrant by his minions led.

Swift.

Minion

MIN'ION, noun [Welsh main, French menu, small; Latin minor. See Mince.] A small kind of printing types.

Minioning

MIN'IONING, n. Kind treatment.

Marston.

Minionlike

MIN'IONLIKE, or MIN'IONLY, adverb Finely; daintily.

Minionship

MIN'IONSHIP, noun State of being a minion.

Minious

MIN'IOUS, noun [from Latin minium.] Of the color of red lead or vermillion.

Brown.

Minish

MIN'ISH, verb transitive [Latin minuo, to lessen.] To lessen; to diminish. Obs. [See Diminish.]

Minister

MIN'ISTER, noun [Latin; probably from Arabic to serve, wait, attend, Class Mn. No. 2. and Saxon steore, helm, direction; steoran, to steer.]

1. Properly, a chief servant; hence, an agent appointed to transact or manage business under the authority of another; in which sense, it is a word of very extensive application.

Moses rose up and his minister Joshua. Exodus 24.

2. One to whom a king or prince entrusts the direction of affairs of state; as minister of state; the prime minister. In modern governments, the secretaries or heads of the several departments or branches of government are the ministers of the chief magistrate.

3. A magistrate; an executive officer.

For he is the minister of God to thee for good. Romans 13.

4. A delegate; an embassador; the representative of a sovereign at a foreign court; usually such as is resident at a foreign court, but not restricted to such.

5. One who serves at the altar; one who performs sacerdotal duties; the pastor of a church, duly authorized or licensed to preach the gospel and administer the sacraments. Ephesians 3.

6. Christ is called a minister of the sanctuary. Hebrews 8.

7. An angel; a messenger of God.

Who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers a flaming fire. Psalm 104.

Minister

MIN'ISTER, verb transitive [Latin ministro.] To give; to afford; to supply.

He that ministereth seed to the sowerÃ‚-- 2 Corinthians 9.

That it may minister grace to the hearers. Ephesians 4.

Minister

MIN'ISTER, verb intransitive To attend and serve; to perform service in any office, sacred or secular.

I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest's office. Exodus 29.

2. To afford supplies; to give things needful; to supply the means of relief; to relieve.

When saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? Matthew 25.

3. To give medicines.

Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased?

Shak.

In this sense, we commonly use administer.

Ministered

MIN'ISTERED, participle passive Served; afforded; supplied.

Ministerial

MINISTE'RIAL, adjective Attending for service; attendant; acting at command.

Enlight'ning spirits and ministerial flames.

Prior.

2. Acting under superior authority; pertaining to a minister.

For the ministerial offices in court, there must be an eye to them.

Bacon.

3. Pertaining to executive offices, as distinct from judicial. The office and acts of a sheriff are ministerial.

4. Sacerdotal; pertaining to ministers of the gospel; as ministerial garments; ministerial duties.

Genuine ministerial prudence keeps back no important truth, listens to no compromise with sin, connives at no fashionable vice, cringes before no lordly worlding.

H. Humphrcy.

5. Pertaining to ministers of state; as ministerial circles; ministerial benches.

Burke.

Ministerially

MINISTE'RIALLY, adverb In a ministerial manner or character.

Waterland.

Ministering

MIN'ISTERING, participle of the present tense Attending and serving as a subordinate agent; serving under superior authority. Hebrews i.

2. Affording aid or supplies; administering things needful.

Ministery

MINISTERY. [See Ministry.]

Ministral

MIN'ISTRAL, adjective Pertaining to a minister. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Ministrant

MIN'ISTRANT, adjective Performing service as a minister; attendant on service; acting under command.

Princedoms and dominations ministrant.

Milton.

Ministration

MINISTRA'TION, noun [Latin ministratio.] The act of performing service as a subordinate agent; agency; intervention for aid or service.

Ã‚--Because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration. Acts 6.

2. Office of a minister; service; ecclesiastical function.

As soon as the days of his ministration were ended. Luke 1.

Ministress

MIN'ISTRESS, noun A female that ministers.

Akenside.

Ministry

MIN'ISTRY, noun [Latin ministerium.] The office, duties or functions of a subordinate agent of any kind.

2. Agency; service; aid; interposition; instrumentality.

He directs the affairs of this world by the ordinary ministry of second causes.

Atterbury.

3. Ecclesiastical function; agency or service of a minister of the gospel or clergyman in the modern church, or of priests, apostles and evangelists in the ancient. Acts 1. Romans 12:2 Timothy 4. Numbers 4.

4. Time of ministration; duration of the office of a minister, civil or ecclesiastical.

The war with France was during the ministry of Pitt.

5. Persons who compose the executive government or the council of a supreme magistrate; the body of ministers of state.

Swift.

6. Business; employment.

He abhorred the wicked ministry of arms.

Dryden.

Ministryship

MINISTRYSHIP, for ministry, is little used and hardly proper.

Swift.

Minium

MIN'IUM, noun [Latin] The red oxyd of lead, produced by calcination. Lead exposed to air while melting is covered with a gray dusky pellicle. This taken off and agitated becomes a greenish gray powder, inclining to yellow. This oxyd, separated by sifting from the grains of lead which it contains, and exposed to a more intense heat, takes a deep yellow color, and in this state it is called massicot. The latter, slowly heated, takes a beautiful red color, and is called minium.

Fourcroy.

Mink

MINK, noun An American quadruped of the genus Mustela, an amphibious animal that burrows in the earth on the side of a river or pond, whose fur is more valuable than that of the muskrat.

Belknap.

Minnoc

MINNOC, used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to be the same as minx. Qu. mimic.

Minnow

MIN'NOW, or MON'OW, noun [French menu, small.] A very small fish, a species of Cyprinus.

Encyc. Walton.

Minor

MI'NOR, adjective [Latin; the comparative degree of a word not found in that language, but existing in the Celtic dialects, Welsh main, Armoric moan, Irish min, mion, the root of Latin minuo, to diminish. See Mince.]

1. Less; smaller; sometimes applied to the bulk or magnitude of a single object; more generally to amount, degree or importance. We say, the minor divisions of a body, the minor part of a body; opposed to the major part. We say, minor sums, minor faults, minor considerations, details or arguments. In the latter phrases, minor is equivalent to small, petty, inconsiderable, not principal, important or weighty.

2. In music, less or lower by a lesser semitone; as a third minor.

Encyc.

Asia Minor, the Lesser Asia, that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south.

Minor

MI'NOR, noun A person of either sex under age; one who is under the authority of his parents or guardians, or who is not permitted by law to make contracts and manage his own property. By the laws of Great Britain and of the United States, persons are minors till they are twenty one years of age.

2. In logic, the second proposition of a regular syllogism, as in the following:

Every act of injustice partakes of meanness.

To take money from another by gaming, or reputation by seduction, are acts of injustice.

Therefore the taking of money from another by gaming, or reputation by seduction, partake of meanness.

3. A Minorite, a Franciscan friar.

4. A beautiful bird of the East Indies.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Minorate

MI'NORATE, verb transitive To diminish. [Not used.]

Minoration

MINORA'TION, noun A lessening; diminution.

Minorite

MI'NORITE, noun A Franciscan friar.

Minority

MINOR'ITY, noun [French minoritÃƒ-©, from Latin minor.]

1. The state of being under age. [See Minor.]

2. The smaller number; as the minority of the senate or house of representatives; opposed to majority. We say, the minority was large or small; AB was in the minority; the minority must be ruled by the majority.

Minotaur

MIN'OTAUR, noun [French minotaure; Italian minotauro; Latin minotaurus; from man, which must have been in early ages a Latin word, and taurus, a bull.]

A fabled monster, half man and half bull.

Ovid. Virgil. Shak.

Minster

MIN'STER, noun [Saxon minstre, or mynster See Monastery.]

A monastery; an ecclesiastical convent or fraternity; but it is said originally to have been the church of a monastery; a cathedral church.

Encyc.

Minstrel

MIN'STREL, noun [French menetrier, for menestrier; Spanish ministril, a minstrel, and a tipstaff, or petty officer of justice; Portugese menestral; perhaps a derivative from menear, to move, stir, wag, wield. If so, the word originally signified a performer on a musical instrument, who accompanied his performances with gestures, like the histrio and joculator.]

A singer and musical performer on instruments. Minstrels were formerly poets as well as musicians, and held in high repute by our rude ancestors. Their attendance was sought and their performances lavishly rewarded by princes. It was in the character of a minstrel that king Alfred entered the camp of the Danes his enemies, and explored their situation.

Minstrelsy

MIN'STRELSY, noun The arts and occupations of minstrels; instrumental music.

2. A number of musicians.

The minstrelsy of heaven.

Milton.

Mint

MINT, noun [Saxon mynet, money or stamped coin; Dutch munt, mint, coin; German mÃƒ-¼nze; Swedish mynt; Danish myndt, coin. This word is doubtless a derivative from mine, or Latin moneta, from the same root.]

1. The place where money is coined by public authority. In Great Britain, formerly, there was a mint in almost every county; but the privilege of coining is now considered as a royal prerogative in that country, and as the prerogative of the sovereign power in other countries. The only mint now in Great Britain is in the Tower of London. The mint in the United States is in Philadelphia.

2. A place of invention or fabrication; as a mint of phrases; a mint of calumny.

Shak. Addison.

3. A source of abundant supply.

Mint

MINT, verb transitive [Saxon mynetian.] To coin; to make and stamp money.

Bacon.

2. To invent; to forge; to fabricate.

Bacon.

Mint

MINT, noun [Saxon mint; Swedish mynta; Danish mynte; German mÃƒ-¼nze; Latin mentha; Italian Spanish menta; French mente; Dutch kruismunt, crossmint;

Irish miontas; Armoric mendt or mintys.]

A plant of the genus Mentha.

Mintage

MINT'AGE, noun That which is coined or stamped.

Milton.

2. The duty paid for coining.

Minter

MINT'ER, noun A coiner; also, an inventor.

Mintman

MINT'MAN, noun A coiner; one skilled in coining or in coins.

Mintmaster

MINT'M`ASTER, noun The master or superintendent of a mint.

Boyle.

2. One who invents or fabricates.

Locke.

Minuend

MIN'UEND, noun [Latin minuendus, minuo, to lessen.]

In arithmetic, the number from which another number is to be subtracted.

Minuet

MIN'UET, noun [Spanish minueto; French menuet, from menu, small, Welsh main. See Mince.]

1. A slow graceful dance, consisting of a coupee, a high step and a balance.

Encyc.

2. A tune or air to regulate the movements in the dance so called; a movement of three crotchets or three quavers in a bar.

Minum

MIN'UM, noun [from Welsh main, French menu, small. See Mince.]

1. A small kind of printing types; now written minion.

2. A note of slow time containing two crotchets; now written minim, which see.

Minute

MINU'TE, adjective [Latin minutus; French menu, Welsh main, small. See Mince.]

1. Very small, little or slender; of very small bulk or size; small in consequence; as a minute grain of sand; a minute filament. The blood circulates through very minute vessels. Minute divisions of a subject often perplex the understanding. Minute details are tedious.

2. Attending to small things; critical; as minute observation.

Minute

MINUTE, n. min'it. [Latin minutum, that is, a small portion.]

1. A small portion of time or duration, being the sixtieth part of an hour.

Since you are not sure of a minute, throw not away an hour.

Franklin.

2. In geometry, the sixtieth part of a degree of a circle.

3. In architecture, the sixtieth, but sometimes the thirtieth part of a module.

Encyc.

4. A space of time indefinitely small. I will be with you in a minute, or in a few minutes, that is, in a short time.

5. A short sketch of any agreement or other subject, taken in writing; a note to preserve the memory of any thing; as, to take minutes of a contract; to take minutes of a conversation or debate.

Minute

MINUTE, v. t. min'it. To set down a short sketch or note of any agreement or other subject in writing.

Spectator.

Minute-Book

MIN'UTE-BOOK, noun A book of short hints.

Minute-Glass

MIN'UTE-GLASS, noun A glass, the sand of which measures a minute.

Minute-Guns

MIN'UTE-GUNS, noun Guns discharged every minute.

Minute-Hand

MIN'UTE-HAND, noun The hand that points to the minutes on a clock or watch.

Minutely

MINU'TELY, adverb [from minute.] To a small point of time, space or matter; exactly; nicely; as, to measure the length of any thing minutely; to ascertain time minutely; to relate a story minutely.

Minutely

MINUTELY, a. min'itly. Happening every minute.

Hammond.

Minutely

MIN'UTELY, adverb [from minute.] Every minute; with very little time intervening.

As if it were minutely proclaimed in thunder from heaven.

Hammond.

Minuteness

MINU'TENESS, noun Extreme smallness, fineness or slenderness; as the minuteness of the particles of air or of a fluid; the minuteness of the filaments of cotton; the minuteness of details in narration.

2. Attention to small things; critical exactness; as the minuteness of observation or distinction.

Minute-Watch

MIN'UTE-WATCH, noun A watch that distinguishes minutes of time, or on which minutes are marked.

Boyle.

Minutiae

MINU'TIAE, noun [Latin] The smaller particulars.

Minx

MINX, noun [Qu. minnoc.] A pert, wanton girl.

Shak.

2. A she-puppy.

Miny

MI'NY, adjective [from mine.] Abounding with mines.

2. Subterraneous.

Thomson.

Mirable

MI'RABLE, adjective Wonderful. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Miracle

MIR'ACLE, noun [French from Latin miraculum, from miror, to wonder; Armoric miret, to hold. See Marvel.]

1. Literally, a wonder or wonderful thing; but appropriately,

2. In theology, an event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature; a supernatural event. Miracles can be wrought only by Almighty power, as when Christ healed lepers, saying, ``I will, be thou clean,' or calmed the tempest, ``Peace, be still.'

They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Mark 6.

A man approved of God by miracles and signs. Acts 2.

3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic representation exhibiting the lives of the saints.

Chaucer.

Miracle

MIR'ACLE, verb transitive To make wonderful. [Not used.]

Shak.

Miracle-Monger

MIR'ACLE-MONGER, noun An impostor who pretends to work miracles.

Hallywell.

Miraculous

MIRAC'ULOUS, adjective Performed supernaturally, or by a power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws; effected by the direct agency of Almighty power, and not by natural causes; as the miraculous healing of the sick or raising the dead by Christ.

2. Supernatural; furnished supernaturally, or competent to perform miracles; as the miraculous powers of the Apostles. Miraculous, applied to the extraordinary powers of the Apostles, may mean conferred by supernatural agency, or competent to work miracles. I believe it is generally used in the latter sense.

3. In a less definite sense, wonderful; extraordinary.

Miraculously

MIRAC'ULOUSLY, adverb By miracle; supernaturally.

AEneas, wounded as he was, could not have engaged him in single combat, unless his hurt had been miraculously healed.

Dryden.

2. Wonderfully; by extraordinary means.

Miraculousness

MIRAC'ULOUSNESS, noun The state of being effected by miracle or by supernatural agency.

Mirador

MIRADOR, noun [Spanish from Latin miror.] A balcony or gallery commanding an extensive view.

Dryden.

Mire

MIRE, noun [See Class Mr. No. 16.] Deep mud; earth so wet and soft as to yield to the feet and to wheels.

Mire

MIRE, verb transitive To plunge and fix in mire; to set or stall in mud. We say, a horse, an ox or a carriage is mired, when it has sunk deep into mud and its progress is stopped.

2. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter.

Shak.

Mire

MIRE, verb intransitive To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be unable to move forward.

Mire

MIRE, noun An ant. [See Pismire.]

Mire-Crow

MIRE-CROW, noun The sea-crow or pewit gull, of the genus Larus.

Miriness

MI'RINESS, noun [from miry.] The state of consisting of deep mud.

Mirk

MIRK, adjective [Saxon mirce.] Dark. Obs. [See Murky.]

Mirksome

MIRK'SOME, adjective Dark; obscure. [See Murky.]

Mirksomeness

MIRK'SOMENESS, noun Obscurity. [See Murky.]

Mirror

MIR'ROR, noun [French miroir; Spanish mirar, Cornish miras, to look; Latin miror, to admire.]

1. A looking glass; any glass or polished substance that forms images by the reflection of rays of light.

In the clear mirror of thy ruling star

I saw, alas! some dread event depend.

Pope.

2. A pattern; an exemplar; that on which men ought to fix their eyes; that which gives a true representation, or in which a true image may be seen.

O goddess, heavenly bright,

Mirror of grace and majesty divine.

Spenser.

Mirror-Stone

MIR'ROR-STONE, noun A bright stone. Obs.

Mirth

MIRTH, n. merth. [Saxon mirht, myrhth; mirig, merry; Arabic to be very brisk or joyful. Class Mr. No. 10.] Social merriment; hilarity; high excitement of pleasurable feelings in company; noisy gayety; jollity. Mirth differs from joy and cheerfulness, as always implying noise.

With genial joy to warm the soul,

Bright Helen mixed a mirth-inspiring bowl.

Pope.

I will cause to cease the voice of mirth from Judah and Jerusalem. Jeremiah 7.

Mirthful

MIRTH'FUL, adjective Merry; jovial; festive.

The feast was served, the bowl was crown'd,

To the king's pleasure went the mirthful round.

Prior.

Mirthfully

MIRTH'FULLY, adverb In a jovial manner.

Mirthless

MIRTH'LESS, adjective Without mirth or hilarity.

Miry

MI'RY, adjective [from mire.] Abounding with deep mud; full of mire; as a miry road; a miry lane.

Gay.

2. Consisting of mire.

Shak.

Mis

MIS, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous, wrong, from the verb miss, to err, to go wrong, Gothic missa; Saxon mis, from missian, to err, to deviate or wander; Dutch mis, missen; German miss, missen; Danish mis, mister; Swedish mis, mista; Welsh mÃƒ-ªth, a failing, a miss; French mes, or me, in composition; Italian mis.

Misacceptation

MISACCEPTA'TION, noun The act of taking or understanding in a wrong sense.

Misadventure

MISADVEN'TURE, noun Mischance; misfortune; ill luck; an unlucky accident.

2. In law, homicide by misadventure, is when a man, doing a lawful act, without any intention of injury, unfortunately kills another. This is called excusable homicide.

Blackstone.

Misadventured

MISADVEN'TURED, adjective Unfortunate.

Shak.

Misadvised

MISADVI'SED, adjective [See Advise.] Ill advised; ill directed.

Johnson.

Misaffect

MISAFFECT', verb transitive To dislike.

Misaffected

MISAFFECT'ED, adjective Ill disposed.

Misaffirm

MISAFFIRM', verb transitive To affirm incorrectly.

Misaimed

MISA'IMED, adjective Not rightly aimed or directed.

Spenser.

Misalledge

MISALLEDGE, v. t. misallej'. To state erroneously.

Misallegation

MISALLEGA'TION, noun Erroneous statement.

Misalliance

MISALLI'ANCE, noun Improper association.

Misallied

MISALLI'ED, adjective Ill allied or associated.

Burke.

Misanthrope

MIS'ANTHROPE, or MISAN'THROPIST, noun [Greek; to hate, and, man.] A hater of mankind.

Swift.

Misanthropic

MISANTHROP'IC, or MISANTHROP'ICAL, adjective Hating or having a dislike to mankind.

Walsh.

Misanthropy

MISAN'THROPY, noun Hatred or dislike to mankind; opposed to philanthropy.

Misapplication

MISAPPLICA'TION, noun A wrong application; an application to a wrong person or purpose.

Misapplied

MISAPPLI'ED, participle passive Applied to a wrong person or purpose.

Misapply

MISAPPLY', verb transitive To apply to a wrong person or purpose; as to misapply a name or title; to misapply our talents or exertions; to misapply public money.

Misapplying

MISAPPLY'ING, participle of the present tense Applying to a wrong person or purpose.

Misapprehend

MISAPPREHEND', verb transitive To misunderstand; to take in a wrong sense.

Locke.

Misapprehended

MISAPPREHEND'ED, participle passive Not rightly understood.

Misapprehending

MISAPPREHEND'ING, participle of the present tense Misunderstanding.

Misapprehension

MISAPPREHEN'SION, noun A mistaking or mistake; wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of a fact.

Misascribe

MISASCRI'BE, verb transitive To ascribe falsely or erroneously.

Boyle.

Misassign

MISASSIGN, verb transitive [See Assign.] To assign erroneously.

Boyle.

Misattend

MISATTEND', verb transitive To disregard.

Milton.

Misbeco

MISBECO, v. t. misbecum'. [See Become.] Not to become; to suit ill; not to befit.

Thy father will not act what misbecomes him.

Addison.

Misbecoming

MISBECOM'ING, participle of the present tense or adjective Unseemly; unsuitable; improper; indecorous.

Misbecomingness

MISBECOM'INGNESS, noun Unbecomingness; unsuitableness.

Boyle.

Misbegot

MISBEGOT',or MISBEGOT'TEN, participle of the present tense or adjective Unlawfully or irregularly begotten.

Shak. Dryden.

Misbehave

MISBEHA'VE, verb intransitive To behave ill; to conduct one's self improperly.

Misbehaved

MISBEHA'VED, adjective Guilty of ill behavior; ill bred; rude.

Shak.

Misbehavior

MISBEHA'VIOR, n. misbeha'vyor. Ill conduct; improper, rude or uncivil behavior.

Addison.

Misbelief

MISBELIE'F, noun Erroneous belief; false religion.

Massinger.

Misbelieve

MISBELIE'VE, verb transitive To believe erroneously.

Shak.

Misbeliever

MISBELIE'VER, noun One who believes wrongly; one who holds a false religion.

Dryden.

Misbelieving

MISBELIE'VING, adjective Believing erroneously; irreligious.

Shak.

Misbeseem

MISBESEE'M, verb transitive To suit ill.

Misbestow

MISBESTOW, verb transitive To bestow improperly.

Milton.

Misborn

MIS'BORN, adjective Born to evil.

Spenser.

Miscalculate

MISCAL'CULATE, verb transitive To calculate erroneously.

Arbuthnot.

Miscalculated

MISCAL'CULATED, participle passive Erroneously calculated.

Miscalculating

MISCAL'CULATING, participle of the present tense Committing errors in calculation.

Miscalculation

MISCALCULA'TION, noun Erroneous calculation.

Miscall

MISCALL', verb transitive To call by a wrong name; to name improperly.

Miscalled

MISCALL'ED, participle passive Misnamed.

Miscalling

MISCALL'ING, participle of the present tense Misnaming.

Miscarriage

MISCAR'RIAGE, noun Unfortunate event of an undertaking; failure.

When a counselor, to save himself,

Would lay miscarriages upon his prince.

Dryden.

2. Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior; as the failings and miscarriages of the righteous.

Rogers.

3. Abortion; the act of bringing forth before the time.

Encyc.

Miscarry

MISCAR'RY, verb intransitive To fail of the intended effect; not to succeed; to be unsuccessful; to suffer defeat; applied to persons or undertakings, and to things. We say, a project, scheme, design, enterprise, attempt, has miscarried.

Have you not heard of Frederick, the great soldier, who miscarried at sea?

Shak.

My ships have all miscarried.

Shak.

2. To bring forth young before the proper time; to suffer abortion.

Miscarrying

MISCAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Failing of the intended effect; suffering abortion. Hosea 9.

Miscast

MISC`AST, verb transitive To cast or reckon erroneously.

Brown.

Miscast

MISC`AST, participle passive Erroneously cast or reckoned.

Miscast

MISC`AST, noun An erroneous cast or reckoning.

Miscasting

MISC`ASTING, participle of the present tense Casting or reckoning erroneously.

Miscellanarian

MISCELLANA'RIAN, adjective [See Miscellany.] Belonging to miscellanies; of miscellanies.

Miscellanarian authors.

Shaftsbury.

Miscellanarian

MISCELLANA'RIAN, noun A writer of miscellanies.

Shaftsbury.

Miscellane

MIS'CELLANE, noun [Latin miscellaneus.] A mixture of two or more sorts of grain; now called meslin.

Bacon.

Miscellaneous

MISCELLA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin miscellaneus, from misceo, to mix.]

Mixed; mingled; consisting of several kinds; as a miscellaneous publication; a miscellaneous rabble.

Milton.

Miscellaneousness

MISCELLA'NEOUSNESS, noun The state of being mixed; composition of various kinds.

Miscellany

MIS'CELLANY, noun [French miscellanÃƒ-©es; Spanish miscelanea; Latin miscellanea, from misceo, to mix; Chaldee Arabic, to mix. Class Ms. No. 7.]

1. A mass or mixture of various kinds; particularly,

2. A book or pamphlet containing a collection of compositions on various subjects, or a collection of various kinds of compositions.

Pope. Swift.

Miscellany

MIS'CELLANY, adjective Miscellaneous. Obs.

Bacon.

Miscenter

MISCEN'TER, verb transitive To place amiss. [Not in use.]

Donne.

Mischance

MISCH`ANCE, noun Ill luck; ill fortune; misfortune; mishap; misadventure.

It is a man's unhappiness, his mischance or calamity, but not his fault.

South.

Mischaracterize

MISCHAR'ACTERIZE, verb transitive [See Character.] To characterize falsely or erroneously; to give a wrong character to.

They totally mischaracterize the action.

Eton.

Mischarge

MISCH`ARGE, verb transitive To mistake in charging, as an account.

Mischarge

MISCH`ARGE, noun A mistake in charging, as an account; an erroneous entry in an account.

Mischief

MIS'CHIEF, noun [Old French meschef; mes, wrong, and chef, head or end, the root of achieve, French achever.]

1. Harm; hurt; injury; damage; evil, whether intended or not. A new law is made to remedy the mischief.

2. Intentional injury; harm or damage done by design.

Thy tongue deviseth mischief. Psalm 52.

3. Ill consequence; evil; vexatious affair.

The mischief was, these allies would never allow that the common enemy was subdued.

Swift.

Mischief

MIS'CHIEF, verb transitive To hurt; to harm; to injure.

Sprat.

Mischief-Maker

MIS'CHIEF-MAKER, noun One who makes mischief; one who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity.

Mischief-Making

MIS'CHIEF-MAKING, adjective Causing harm; exciting enmity or quarrels.

Rowe.

Mischievous

MIS'CHIEVOUS, adjective Harmful; hurtful; injurious; making mischief; of persons; as a mischievous man or disposition.

2. Hurtful; noxious; as a mischievous thing.

Arbuthnot.

3. Inclined to do harm; as a mischievous boy.

Mischievously

MIS'CHIEVOUSLY, adverb With injury, hurt, loss or damage. We say, the law operates mischievously.

2. With evil intention or disposition. The injury was done mischievously.

Mischievousness

MIS'CHIEVOUSNESS, noun Hurtfulness; noxiousness.

2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy; as the mischievousness of youth.

Mischief denotes injury, harm or damage of less malignity and magnitude than what are usually called crimes. We never give the name of mischief to theft, robbery or murder. And it so commonly implies intention in committing petty offenses, that it shocks us to hear the word applied to the calamities inflicted by Providence. We say, a tempest has done great damage, but not mischief. In like manner, the adjective mischievous is not applied to thieves, pirates and other felons, but to persons committing petty trespasses and offenses.

Mischna

MISCH'NA, noun A part of the Jewish Talmud. [See Mishna.]

Mischoose

MISCHOOSE, v. t. mischooz'. To choose wrong; to make a wrong choice.

Milton.

Mischosen

MISCHO'SEN, participle passive Chosen by mistake.

Miscible

MIS'CIBLE, adjective [French from Latin misceo, to mix.]

That may be mixed. Oil and water are not miscible.

Miscitation

MISCITA'TION, noun A wrong citation; erroneous quotation.

Collier.

Miscite

MISCI'TE, verb transitive To cite erroneously or falsely.

Misclaim

MISCLA'IM, noun A mistaken claim or demand.

Bacon.

Miscomputation

MISCOMPUTA'TION, noun Erroneous computation; false reckoning.

Clarendon.

Miscompute

MISCOMPU'TE, verb transitive To compute or reckon erroneously.

Misconceit

MISCONCE'IT, or MISCONCEP'TION, noun Erroneous conception; false opinion; wrong notion or understanding of a thing.

Great errors and dangers result from a misconception of the names of things.

Harvey.

Misconceive

MISCONCE'IVE, verb transitive or i. To receive a false notion or opinion of any thing; to misjudge; to have an erroneous understanding of any thing.

To yield to others just and reasonable causes of those things, which, for want of due consideration heretofore, they have misconceived.

Hooker.

Misconceived

MISCONCE'IVED, participle passive Wrongly understood; mistaken.

Misconceiving

MISCONCE'IVING, participle of the present tense Mistaking; misunderstanding.

Misconduct

MISCON'DUCT, noun Wrong conduct; ill behavior; ill management.

Addison.

Misconduct

MISCONDUCT', verb transitive To conduct amiss; to mismanage.

Misconduct

MISCONDUCT', verb intransitive To behave amiss.

Misconducted

MISCONDUCT'ED, participle passive Ill managed; badly conducted.

Misconducting

MISCONDUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Mismanaging; misbehaving.

Misconjecture

MISCONJEC'TURE, noun A wrong conjecture or guess.

Misconjecture

MISCONJEC'TURE, verb transitive or i. To guess wrong.

Misconstruction

MISCONSTRUC'TION, noun Wrong interpretation of words or things; a mistaking of the true meaning; as a misconstruction of words or actions.

Misconstrue

MISCON'STRUE, verb transitive To interpret erroneously either words or things. It is important not to misconstrue his intent.

Dryden.

A virtuous emperor was much affected to find his actions misconstrued.

Addison.

Misconstrued

MISCON'STRUED, participle passive Erroneously interpreted.

Misconstruer

MISCON'STRUER, noun One who makes a wrong interpretation.

Misconstruing

MISCON'STRUING, participle of the present tense Interpreting wrongly.

Miscorrect

MISCORRECT', verb transitive To correct erroneously; to mistake in attempting to correct another.

He passed the first seven years of his life at Mantua, not seventeen, as Scaliger miscorrects his author.

Dryden.

Miscorrected

MISCORRECT'ED, participle passive Mistaken in the attempt to correct.

Miscounsel

MISCOUN'SEL, verb transitive To advise wrong.

Spenser.

Miscount

MISCOUNT', verb transitive To count erroneously; to mistake in counting.

Miscount

MISCOUNT', verb intransitive To make a wrong reckoning.

Bp. Patrick.

Miscount

MISCOUNT', noun An erroneous counting or numbering.

Miscreance

MIS'CREANCE, or MIS'CREANCY, noun [See Miscreant.] Unbelief; false faith; adherence to a false religion. Obs.

Spenser.

Miscreant

MIS'CREANT, noun [French mÃƒ-©crÃƒ-©ant; Norm. mescreaunt; mes, wrong, and creance, belief, from Latin credens, credo.]

1. An infidel, or one who embraces a false faith.

2. A vile wretch; an unprincipled fellow.

Addison.

Miscreate

MISCREA'TE, or MISCREA'TED, adjective Formed unnaturally or illegitimately; deformed. Obs.

Spenser.

Misdate

MISDA'TE, noun A wrong date.

Misdate

MISDA'TE, verb intransitive To date erroneously.

Misdeed

MISDEE'D, noun An evil deed; a wicked action.

Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought.

Milton.

Misdeem

MISDEE'M, verb transitive To judge erroneously; to misjudge; to mistake in judging.

Spenser.

Misdemean

MISDEME'AN, verb transitive To behave ill.

Shak.

Misdemeanor

MISDEME'ANOR, noun Ill behavior; evil conduct; fault; mismanagement.

South.

2. In law, an offense of a less atrocious nature than a crime. Crimes and misdemeanors are mere synonymous terms; but in common usage, the word crime is made to denote offenses of a deeper and more atrocious dye, while small faults and omissions of less consequence are comprised under the gentler name of misdemeanors.

Blackstone.

Misdesert

MISDESERT', noun Ill desert.

Spenser.

Misdevotion

MISDEVO'TION, noun False devotion; mistaken piety. [Little used.]

Donne.

Misdiet

MISDI'ET, noun Improper diet or food. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Misdirect

MISDIRECT', verb transitive To give a wrong direction to; as, to misdirect a passenger.

2. To direct to a wrong person or place; as, to misdirect a letter.

Misdirected

MISDIRECT'ED, participle passive Directed wrong, or to a wrong person or place.

Misdirecting

MISDIRECT'ING, participle of the present tense Directing wrong, or to a wrong person or place.

Misdisposition

MISDISPOSI'TION, noun Disposition to evil. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Misdistinguish

MISDISTIN'GUISH, verb transitive To make wrong distinctions.

Hooker.

Misdo

MISDO, verb transitive [See Do.] To do wrong; to do amiss; to commit a crime or fault.

Milton.

Misdoer

MISDOER, noun One who does wrong; one who commits a fault or crime.

Spenser.

Misdoing

MISDOING, participle of the present tense Doing wrong; committing a fault or crime.

Misdoing

MISDOING, noun A wrong done; a fault or crime; an offense.

L'Estrange.

Misdoubt

MISDOUBT, v. t. misdout'. [See Doubt.] To suspect of deceit or danger. [An ill formed word and not in use.]

Sidney. Shak. Dryden.

Misdoubt

MISDOUBT', noun Suspicion of crime or danger. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. Irresolution; hesitation. [Not used.]

Shak.

Misdoubtful

MISDOUBT'FUL, adjective Misgiving. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Mise

MISE, n. meze. [French mis, put, laid, participle passive of mettre, Latin mitto; Norm. mise.]

1. In law, an issue to be tried at the grand assize.

2. Expense; cost.

3. A tax or tallage; in Wales, an honorary gift of the people to a new king or prince of Wales; also, a tribute paid in the county Palatine of Chester at the change of the owner of the earldoms.

Encyc.

Misemploy

MISEMPLOY', verb transitive To employ to no purpose, or to a bad purpose; as, to misemploy time, power, advantages, talents, &c.

Locke. Addison.

Misemployed

MISEMPLOY'ED, participle passive Used to no purpose, or to a bad one.

Misemploying

MISEMPLOY'ING, participle of the present tense Using to no purpose, or to a bad one.

Misemployment

MISEMPLOY'MENT, noun Ill employment; application to no purpose, or to a bad purpose.

Hale.

Misentry

MISEN'TRY, noun An erroneous entry or charge, as of an account.

Miser

MI'SER, n. s as z. [Latin miser, miserable.] A miserable person; one wretched or afflicted. Obs.

Spenser.

2. A wretch; a mean fellow. Obs.

Shak.

3. An extremely covetous person; a sordid wretch; a niggard; one who in wealth makes himself miserable by the fear of poverty. [This is the only sense in which it is now used.]

No silver saints by dying misers given.

Pope.

Miserable

MIS'ERABLE, a. s or z. [French miserable, from Latin miser, miserabilis.]

1. Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, poverty, apprehension of evil, or other cause. It however expresses somewhat less than wretched.

What hopes delude thee, miserable man?

Dryden.

2. Very poor; worthless.

Miserable comforters are ye all. Job 16.

3. Causing unhappiness or misery.

What's more miserable than discontent?

Shak.

4. Very poor or mean; as a miserable hut; miserable clothing.

5. Very poor or barren; as a miserable soil.

6. Very low or despicable; as a miserable person.

Miserableness

MIS'ERABLENESS, noun State of misery; poorness.

Miserably

MIS'ERABLY, adverb Unhappily; calamitously.

The fifth was miserably stabbed to death.

South.

2. Very poorly or meanly; wretchedly. They were miserably entertained.

Sidney.

3. In misery or unhappiness.

Miserly

MI'SERLY, adjective [See Miser.] Very covetous; sordid; niggardly; parsimonious.

Misery

MIS'ERY, n. s as z. [Latin miseria; French misÃƒ-¨re.]

1. Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind. A man suffers misery from the gout, or from great afflictions, distress, calamity, and other evils. Misery expresses somewhat less than wretchedness.

Misery is as really the fruit of vice reigning in the heart, as tares are the produce of tares sown in the field.

J. Lathrop.

2. Calamity; misfortune; natural evils which are the cause of misery.

And mourn the miseries of human life.

Dryden.

3. Covetousness. [Not used.]

Shak.

Misestimate

MISES'TIMATE, verb transitive To estimate erroneously.

Mitford.

Misfall

MISFALL', verb transitive To befall, as ill luck; to happen to unluckily.

Spenser.

Misfare

MISFA'RE, noun Ill fare; misfortune.

Spenser.

Misfashion

MISFASH'ION, verb transitive To form wrong.

Hakewill.

Misfeasance

MISFE'ASANCE, n. misfe'zance. [French mes and faisance, from faire, to do.] In law, a trespass; a wrong done.

Encyc.

Misform

MISFORM', verb transitive To make of an ill form; to put in an ill shape.

Spenser.

Misfortune

MISFOR'TUNE, noun Ill fortune; ill luck; calamity; an evil or cross accident; as loss of property at sea or by fire.

Consider why the change was wrought,

You'll find it his misfortune, not his fault.

Addison.

Misfortuned

MISFOR'TUNED, adjective Unfortunate.

Milton.

Misgive

MISGIVE, v. t. misgiv'. [See Give.] To fill with doubt; to deprive of confidence; to fail; usually applied to the heart.

So doth my heart misgive me.

Shak.

His heart misgave him.

Addison.

2. To give or grant amiss. [Not in use.]

Laud.

Misgiving

MISGIV'ING, participle of the present tense Filling with doubt or distrust; failing.

Misgiving

MISGIV'ING, noun A failing of confidence; doubt; distrust.

Doubts, suspicions and misgivings.

South.

Misgotten

MISGOT'TEN, adjective Unjustly obtained.

Misgovern

MISGOV'ERN, verb transitive To govern ill; to administer unfaithfully.

Solyman charged him bitterly that he had misgoverned the state.

Knolles.

Misgovernance

MISGOV'ERNANCE, noun Ill government; disorder; irregularity.

Spenser.

Misgoverned

MISGOV'ERNED, participle passive Ill governed; badly administered.

2. Rude; unrestrained; as rude, misgoverned hands.

Shak.

Misgovernment

MISGOV'ERNMENT, noun Ill administration of public affairs.

Raleigh.

2. Ill management in private affairs.

Taylor.

3. Irregularity; disorder.

Shak.

Misgraff

MISGR`AFF, verb transitive To graft amiss.

Misground

MISGROUND', verb transitive To found erroneously.

Hall.

Misguidance

MISGUI'DANCE, noun Wrong direction; guidance into error.

South.

Misguide

MISGUI'DE, verb transitive To lead or guide into error; to direct ill; as, to misguide the understanding or mind.

Locke. Pope.

Misguided

MISGUI'DED, participle passive Led astray by evil counsel or wrong direction; as a misguided prince.

Prior.

Misguiding

MISGUI'DING, participle of the present tense Giving wrong direction to; leading into error.

Misgum

MIS'GUM, or MIS'GURN, noun An anguilliform fish about the size of a common eel.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Mishap

MISHAP', noun Ill chance; evil accident; ill luck; misfortune.

Secure from worldly chances and mishaps.

Shak.

Mishappen

MISHAP'PEN, verb intransitive To happen ill.

Spenser.

Mishear

MISHE'AR, verb transitive To mistake in hearing.

Mishna

MISH'NA, noun A collection or digest of Jewish traditions and explanations of Scripture.

Mishnic

MISH'NIC, adjective Pertaining or relating to the Mishna.

Enfield. Encyc.

Misimprove

MISIMPROVE, v. t. misimproov'. To improve to a bad purpose; to abuse; as, to misimprove time, talents, advantages.

Misimproved

MISIMPROVED, participle passive Used to a bad purpose.

Misimprovement

MISIMPROVEMENT, n. misimproov'ment. Ill use or employment; improvement to a bad purpose.

Misinfer

MISINFER', verb transitive To draw a wrong inference.

Hooker.

Misinform

MISINFORM', verb transitive To give erroneous information to; to communicate an incorrect statement of facts.

Bacon.

Misinformation

MISINFORMA'TION, noun Wrong informations; false account or intelligence received.

Bacon. South.

Misinformed

MISINFORM'ED, participle passive Wrongly informed.

Misinformer

MISINFORM'ER, noun One that gives wrong information.

Misinforming

MISINFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Communicating erroneous information to.

Misinstruct

MISINSTRUCT', verb transitive To instruct amiss.

Hooker.

Misinstruction

MISINSTRUC'TION, noun Wrong instruction.

More.

Misintelligence

MISINTEL'LIGENCE, noun Wrong information; disagreement.

Misinterpret

MISINTER'PRET, verb transitive To interpret erroneously; to understand or to explain in a wrong sense.

Arbuthnot.

Misinterpretation

MISINTERPRETA'TION, noun The act of interpreting erroneously.

Misinterpreted

MISINTER'PRETED, adjective Erroneously understood or explained.

Misinterpreter

MISINTER'PRETER, noun One who interprets erroneously.

Misinterpreting

MISINTER'PRETING, participle of the present tense Erroneously interpreting.

Misjoin

MISJOIN', verb transitive To join unfitly or improperly.

Milton. Dryden.

Misjoined

MISJOIN'ED, participle passive Improperly united.

Misjoining

MISJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Joining unfitly or improperly.

Misjudge

MISJUDGE, v. t. misjudj'. To mistake in judging of; to judge erroneously.

L'Estrange.

Misjudge

MISJUDGE, v. i. misjudj'. To err in judgment; to form false opinions or notions.

Misjudged

MISJUDG'ED, participle passive Judged erroneously.

Misjudging

MISJUDG'ING, participle of the present tense Judging erroneously of; forming a wrong opinion or inference.

Misjudgment

MISJUDG'MENT, noun A wrong or unjust determination.

Hale.

Miskin

MIS'KIN, noun A little bagpipe.

Miskindle

MISKIN'DLE, verb transitive To kindle amiss; to inflame to a bad purpose.

Mislaid

MISLA'ID, participle passive Laid in a wrong place, or place not recollected; lost.

Mislay

MISLA'Y, verb transitive To lay in a wrong place.

The fault is generally mislaid upon nature.

Locke.

2. To lay in a place not recollected; to lose.

If the butler be the tell-tale, mislay a spoon so as he may never find it.

Swift.

Mislayer

MISLA'YER, noun One that lays in a wrong place; one that loses.

Bacon.

Mislaying

MISLA'YING, participle of the present tense Laying in a wrong place, or place not remembered; losing.

Misle

MISLE, v. i. mis'l. [from mist, and properly mistle.]

To rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist.

Gay. Derham.

Mislead

MISLE'AD, verb transitive pret. and pp. misled. [See Lead.]

To lead into a wrong way or path; to lead astray; to guide into error; to cause to mistake; to deceive.

Trust not servants who mislead or misinform you.

Bacon.

But of the two, less dangerous is th' offense,

To tire our patience, than mislead our sense.

Pope.

Misleader

MISLE'ADER, noun One who leads into error.

Misleading

MISLE'ADING, participle of the present tense Leading into error; causing to err; deceiving.

Misled

MISLED', participle passive of mislead. Led into error; led a wrong way.

Ã‚--To give due light

To the misled and lonely traveller.

Milton.

Mislike

MISLI'KE, verb transitive To dislike; to disapprove; to have aversion to; as, to mislike a man or an opinion.

Raleigh. Sidney.

[For this word, dislike is generally used.]

Mislike

MISLI'KE, noun Dislike; disapprobation; aversion.

Misliked

MISLI'KED, participle passive Disliked; disapproved.

Misliker

MISLI'KER, noun One that dislikes.

Misliking

MISLI'KING, participle of the present tense Disliking; disapproving.

Mislin

MISLIN, [See Meslin.]

Mislive

MISLIVE, v. i. misliv'. To live amiss. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Misluck

MISLUCK', noun Ill luck; misfortune.

Misly

MIS'LY, adjective [See Misle and Mist.] Raining in very small drops.

Mismanage

MISMAN'AGE, verb transitive To manage ill; to administer improperly; as, to mismanage public affairs.

Mismanage

MISMAN'AGE, verb intransitive To behave ill; to conduct amiss.

Mismanaged

MISMAN'AGED, participle passive Ill managed or conducted.

Mismanagement

MISMAN'AGEMENT, noun Ill or improper management; ill conduct; as the mismanagement of public or private affairs.

Mismanager

MISMAN'AGER, noun One that manages ill.

Burke.

Mismanaging

MISMAN'AGING, participle of the present tense Managing ill.

Mismark

MISM`ARK, verb transitive To mark with the wrong token; to mark erroneously.

Collier.

Mismarked

MISM`ARKED, participle passive Wrongly marked.

Mismarking

MISM`ARKING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng erroneously.

Mismatch

MISMATCH', verb transitive To match unsuitably.

Southern.

Mismatched

MISMATCH'ED, participle passive Unsuitably matched; ill joined.

Mismatching

MISMATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Matching in an unsuitable manner.

Misname

MISNA'ME, verb transitive To call by the wrong name.

Boyle.

Misnamed

MISNA'MED, participle passive Called by a wrong name.

Misnaming

MISNA'MING, participle of the present tense Calling by a wrong name.

Misnomer

MISNO'MER, noun [Old French mes, wrong, and nommer, to name.]

In law, the mistaking of the true name of a person; a misnaming. [Misnosmer, as written by Blackstone, must be a corrupt orthography. In no dialect has name, Latin nomen, been written with s, unless by mistake.]

Misobedience

MISOBE'DIENCE, noun Erroneous obedience or disobedience. [Not used.]

Milton.

Misobserve

MISOBSERVE, v. t. misobzerv'. To observe inaccurately; to mistake in observing.

Locke.

Misogamist

MISOG'AMIST, noun [Greek, to hate, and, marriage.]

A hater of marriage.

Misogynist

MISOG'YNIST, noun [Greek, to hate, and, woman.]

A woman hater. [Unusual.]

Fuller.

Misogyny

MISOG'YNY, noun [supra.] Hatred of the female sex.

Misopinion

MISOPIN'ION, noun Erroneous opinion.

Bp. Hall.

Misorder

MISOR'DER, verb transitive To order ill; to manage erroneously. Obs.

Ascham.

2. To manage ill; to conduct badly. Obs.

Shak.

Misorder

MISOR'DER, noun Irregularity; disorderly proceedings. [We now use disorder.]

Camden.

Misorderly

MISOR'DERLY, adjective Irregular; disorderly.

Ascham.

Mispell

MISPELL, or MISPEND, &c. [See Miss-spell, Miss-spend.]

Mispersuade

MISPERSUA'DE, verb transitive To persuade amiss, or to lead to a wrong notion.

Hooker.

Mispersuasion

MISPERSUA'SION, noun A false persuasion; wrong notion or opinion.

Decay of Piety.

Mispikel

MISPIK'EL, noun Arsenical pyrite; an ore of arsenic, containing this metal in combination with iron, sometimes found in cubic crystals, but more often without any regular form.

Fourcroy.

Misplace

MISPLA'CE, verb transitive To put in a wrong place; as, the book is misplaced.

2. To place on an improper object; as, he misplaced his confidence.

South.

Misplaced

MISPLA'CED, participle passive Put in a wrong place, or on an improper object.

Misplacing

MISPLA'CING, participle of the present tense Putting in a wrong place, or on a wrong object.

Misplead

MISPLE'AD, verb intransitive To err in pleading.

Blackstone.

Mispleading

MISPLE'ADING, participle of the present tense Making a mistake in pleading.

Mispleading

MISPLE'ADING, noun A mistake in pleading.

Mispoint

MISPOINT', verb transitive To point improperly; to err in punctuation.

Misprint

MISPRINT', verb transitive To mistake in printing; to print wrong.

Misprint

MISPRINT', noun A mistake in printing; a deviation from the copy.

Chaldee Obs.

Misprinted

MISPRINT'ED, participle passive Erroneously printed.

Misprinting

MISPRINT'ING, participle of the present tense Printing wrong.

Misprise

MISPRI'SE, or MISPRI'ZE, verb transitive [French meprendre, mepris; mes, wrong, and prendre, to take.]

1. To mistake.

Shak.

2. To slight or undervalue.

O for those vanish'd hours, so much mispris'd.

Hillhouse.

Misprision

MISPRISION, n. misprizh'un. [supra.] Neglect; contempt.

2. In law, any high offense under the degree of capital, but nearly bordering thereon. Misprision is contained in every treason and felony. Misprisions are divided into negative and positive; negative, which consist in the concealment of something which ought to be revealed; and positive, which consist in the commission of something which ought not to be done. Misprision of treason, consists in a bare knowledge and concealment of treason, without assenting to it.

Blackstone.

Maladministration in offices of high public trust, is a positive misprision.

Ibm.

3. Mistake; oversight; contempt. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Misproceeding

MISPROCEE'DING, noun Wrong or irregular proceeding.

Bacon.

Misprofess

MISPROFESS', verb transitive To make a false profession; to make pretensions to skill which is not possessed.

Donne.

Mispronounce

MISPRONOUNCE, v. t. mispronouns'. To pronounce erroneously; as, to mispronounce a word, a name, &c.

Mispronounce

MISPRONOUNCE, v. i. mispronouns'. To speak incorrectly.

Milton.

Mispronunciation

MISPRONUNCIA'TION, noun A wrong or improper pronunciation.

Swift.

Misproportion

MISPROPO'RTION, verb transitive To err in proportioning one thing to another; to join without due proportion.

Misproud

MISPROUD', adjective Vitiously proud. [Not used.]

Shak.

Misquotation

MISQUOTA'TION, noun An erroneous quotation; the act of quoting wrong.

Misquote

MISQUO'TE, verb transitive To quote erroneously; to cite incorrectly.

Misquoted

MISQUO'TED, participle passive Incorrectly quoted or cited.

Misquoting

MISQUO'TING, participle of the present tense Quoting or citing erroneously.

Misrate

MISRA'TE, verb transitive To rate erroneously; to estimate falsely.

Barrow.

Misrecital

MISRECI'TAL, noun An inaccurate recital.

Misrecite

MISRECI'TE, verb transitive To recite erroneously.

Bramhall.

Misrecited

MISRECI'TED, participle passive Recited incorrectly.

Misreciting

MISRECI'TING, participle of the present tense Reciting erroneously.

Misreckon

MISRECK'ON, verb transitive To reckon or compute wrong.

Swift.

Misreckoned

MISRECK'ONED, participle passive Reckoned or computed erroneously.

Misreckoning

MISRECK'ONING, participle of the present tense Reckoning wrong; and as a noun, an erroneous computation.

Misrelate

MISRELA'TE, verb transitive To relate falsely or inaccurately.

Boyle.

Misrelated

MISRELA'TED, participle passive Erroneously related or told.

Misrelating

MISRELA'TING, participle of the present tense Relating or telling erroneously.

Misrelation

MISRELA'TION, noun Erroneous relation or narration.

Bramhall.

Misremember

MISREMEM'BER, verb transitive To mistake in remembering; not to remember correctly.

Boyle.

Misremembered

MISREMEM'BERED, participle passive Inaccurately recollected.

Misremembering

MISREMEM'BERING, participle of the present tense Remembering inaccurately.

Misreport

MISREPORT, verb transitive To report erroneously; to give an incorrect account of.

Locke.

Misreport

MISREPORT, noun An erroneous report; a false or incorrect account given.

Denham. South.

Misreported

MISREPORTED, participle passive Incorrectly reported.

Misreporting

MISREPORTING, participle of the present tense Reporting incorrectly.

Misrepresent

MISREPRESENT', verb transitive To represent falsely or incorrectly; to give a false or erroneous representation, either maliciously, ignorantly or carelessly.

Swift.

Misrepresentation

MISREPRESENTA'TION, noun The act of giving a false or erroneous representation.

Swift.

2. A false or incorrect account given, either from mistake, carelessness or malice.

Atterbury.

Misrepresented

MISREPRESENT'ED, participle passive Falsely or erroneously represented.

Misrepresenter

MISREPRESENT'ER, noun One who gives a false or erroneous account.

Misrepresenting

MISREPRESENT'ING, participle of the present tense Giving a false or erroneous representation.

[Note. This word is so customarily used for an euphemism, or as a softer expression for lie or falsehood, as to convey the idea generally of intentional falsehood. This signification however is not necessarily implied.]

Misrepute

MISREPU'TE, verb transitive To have in wrong estimation.

Misreputed

MISREPU'TED, participle passive or adjective Erroneously reputed.

Milton.

Misrule

MISRU'LE, noun Disorder; confusion; tumult from insubordination.

Enormous riot and misruleÃ‚--

Pope.

2. Unjust domination.

Misruly

MISRU'LY, adjective Unruly; ungovernable; turbulent.

Hall.

Miss

MISS, noun [supposed by Bailey to be contracted from mistress. But probably it is from the Armoric mesell, a young lady, or contracted from French demoiselle, Spanish damisola. See Damsel.]

1. The title of a young woman or girl; as little masters and misses.

Swift.

2. A kept mistress; a prostitute retained; a concubine.

Dryden.

Miss

MISS, verb transitive [Saxon missian; Dutch German missen; Swedish mista; Danish mister; allied perhaps to Latin mitto, misi; omitto, omisi. But this is not certain. The Welsh has the word in methu, to fail, to miss, to become abortive, to miscarry, to decay. See Class Md. No. 8. 12. 13. 14. 16. Hence the prefix mis.]

1. To fail in aim; to fail of reaching the object; not to hit; as, to miss the mark; to miss the object intended.

2. To fail of finding the right way; to err in attempting to find; as, to miss the way or the road.

3. To fail of obtaining.

Orgalus feared nothing but to miss Parthenia.

Sidney.

4. To learn or discover that something is wanting, or not where it was supposed to be; as, to miss one's snuff-box; I missed the first volume of Livy.

Neither missed we any thingÃ‚--. Nothing was missed of all that pertained to him. 1 Samuel 25.

5. To be without; as, we cannot miss him. Obs.

Shak.

6. To omit; to pass by; to go without; to fail to have; as, to miss a meal of victuals.

She would never miss one day

A walk so fine, a sight so gay.

Prior.

7. To perceive the want of.

What by me thou hast lost, thou least shalt miss.

Milton.

He who has a firm sincere friend, may want all the rest without missing them.

South.

8. To fail of seeing or finding.

Miss

MISS, verb intransitive To fail to hit; to fly wide; to deviate from the true direction.

Flying bullets now,

To execute his rage, appear too slow;

They miss, or sweep but common souls away.

Waller.

2. Not to succeed; to fail.

Men observe when things hit, and not when they missÃ‚--

Bacon.

3. To fail; to miscarry, as by accident.

The invention all admired, and each, how he

To be the inventor missed.

Milton.

4. To fail to obtain, learn or find; with of.

On the least reflection, we cannot miss of them.

Atterbury.

5. To fail; to mistake.

Spenser.

Miss

MISS, noun Loss; want.

There will be no great miss of those which are lost.

Locke.

2. Mistake; error.

He did without any great miss in the hardest points of grammar. [Little used.]

Ascham.

3. Harm from mistake. Obs.

Spenser.

Missal

MIS'SAL, noun [Italian messale; French missel. See Mass.]

The Romish mass-book.

Stillingfleet.

Missay

MISSA'Y, verb transitive To say wrong; to slander. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Missay

MISSA'Y, verb intransitive To speak ill.

Spenser.

Missaying

MISSA'YING, noun Wrong expression.

Milton.

Misseem

MISSEE'M, verb intransitive To make a false appearance.

Spenser.

2. To misbecome. Obs.

Spenser.

Missel

MIS'SEL, or MIS'SEL-BIRD, noun A species of thrush.

Misseldine

MIS'SELDINE, noun The mistletoe. [Not used.]

Barret.

Missemblance

MISSEM'BLANCE, noun False resemblance.

Spelman.

Misserve

MISSERVE, v. t. misserv'. To serve unfaithfully.

Arbuthnot.

Misshape

MISSHA'PE, verb transitive [See Shape.] To shape ill; to give an ill form to; to deform.

And horribly misshapes with ugly sights.

Spenser.

A misshaped figure.

Pope.

Misshapen mountains.

Bentley.

Misshaped

MISSHA'PED, or MISSHA'PEN, participle passive Ill formed; deformed; ugly.

Misshaping

MISSHA'PING, participle of the present tense Giving an ill shape to.

Missile

MIS'SILE, adjective [Latin missilis, from missus, sent; mitto, to send.]

Thrown or sent, or that may be thrown. A missile weapon is one that is thrown by the hand, or from an engine in war, in distinction from such as are held or retained in the hand, or fixed. An arrow, a dart, a javelin, a stone, a bullet, a bomb, are missile weapons.

Missing

MISS'ING, participle of the present tense [from miss.] Failing to hit, to reach or to find; discovering to be wanting.

2. adjective Lost; absent from the place where it was expected to be found; wanting. My horse is missing; my pen or my book is missing.

For a time caught up to God, as once

Moses was in the mount, and missing long.

Milton.

Mission

MIS'SION, noun [Latin missio, from mitto, to send.]

1. A sending or being sent, usually the latter; a being sent or delegated by authority, with certain powers for transacting business; commission; as sent on a foreign mission.

How to begin, how to accomplish best

His end of being on earth, and mission high.

Milton.

2. Persons sent; any number of persons appointed by authority to perform any service; particularly, the persons sent to propagate religion, or evangelize the heathen. The societies for propagating the gospel have missions in almost every country. Last week a mission sailed for the Sandwich isles. We have domestic missions and foreign missions.

3. Dismission; discharge from service; a Roman use of the word; in English, obsolete.

Bacon.

4. Faction; party. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Missionary

MIS'SIONARY, noun [French missionaire.] One sent to propagate religion. Christian missionaries are called missionaries of the cross.

Missionary

MIS'SIONARY, adjective Pertaining to missions; as a missionary meeting; a missionary fund.

Missioner

MISSIONER, for missionary, is not used.

Missive

MIS'SIVE, adjective [French] Such as is sent; as a letter missive.

2. Thrown or sent, or such as may be sent; as a missive weapon.

Dryden.

Missive

MIS'SIVE, noun A letter sent, or a messenger.

Bacon. Shak.

Misspeak

MISSPE'AK, verb intransitive [See Speak.] To err or mistake in speaking.

Shak.

Misspeak

MISSPE'AK, verb transitive To utter wrong.

Donne.

Misspell

MISSPELL', verb transitive To spell wrong; to write or utter with wrong letters.

Misspelled

MISSPELL'ED, or MISSPELT', participle passive Spelled wrong, or with wrong letters.

Misspelling

MISSPELL'ING, participle of the present tense Spelling wrong.

Misspelling

MISSPELL'ING, noun A wrong spelling; false orthography.

Misspend

MISSPEND', verb transitive To spend amiss; to waste or consume to no purpose, or to a bad one; as, to misspend time or money; to misspend life.

Dryden. Rogers.

2. To waste.

The genial moisture due

To apples, otherwise misspends itself.

Philips.

Misspender

MISSPEND'ER, noun One that consumes prodigally or improperly.

Norris.

Misspending

MISSPEND'ING, participle passive Spending to no purpose, or to a bad one.

Misspense

MISSPENSE, n. misspens'. A spending improperly; a wasting.

Misspent

MISSPENT', participle of the present tense Ill spent; expended or consumed to no purpose, or to a bad one; as misspent time or life.

Misspoke

MISSPO'KE, or MISSPO'KEN, participle passive Uttered or spoken amiss.

Misstate

MISSTA'TE, verb transitive To state wrong; to make an erroneous representation of facts; as, to misstate a question in debate.

Sanderson.

Misstated

MISSTA'TED, participle passive Stated erroneously.

Misstatement

MISSTA'TEMENT, noun A wrong statement; an erroneous representation, verbal or written; as a misstatement of facts in testimony, or of accounts in a report.

Hamilton.

Misstating

MISSTA'TING, participle of the present tense Stating falsely or erroneously.

Missy

MIS'SY, noun The sulphate of iron, having lost the water of its crystalization, is called sori; more thoroughly calcined, it is yellow, and called missy.

Fourcroy.

Mist

MIST, noun [Saxon Dutch mist; Latin mixtus, mistus, from misceo, to mix.]

1. Water falling in very numerous, but fine and almost imperceptible drops.

A mist is a multitude of small but solid globules, which therefore descend.

Grew.

2. That which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision.

His passion cast a mist before his sense.

Dryden.

Mist

MIST, verb transitive To cloud; to cover with vapor.

Shak.

Mist-Encumbered

MIST-ENCUM'BERED, adjective Loaded with mist.

J. Barlow.

Mistakable

MISTA'KABLE, adjective That may be misconceived or mistaken.

Brown.

Mistake

MISTA'KE, verb intransitive To err in opinion or judgement.

Servants mistake, and sometimes occasion misunderstanding among friends.

Swift.

Mistake

MISTA'KE, noun An error in opinion or judgement; misconception.

Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all possibility of mistake.

Tillotson.

2. A slip; a fault; an error. There is a mistake in the account or in the date.

Mistaken

MISTA'KEN. In the use of this participle, there is a peculiarity which ought to be carefully noticed. When used of persons, it signifies to be in an error, to be wrong; as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is mistaken. But when used of things, it signifies misunderstood, misconceived; as, the sense of the passage is mistaken, that is, not rightly understood.

Mistaker

MISTA'KER, noun One that mistakes or misunderstands.

Mistaking

MISTA'KING, participle of the present tense Making a mistake; erring from the truth; misconceiving.

Mistaking

MISTA'KING, noun An error; a mistake.

Hall.

Mistakingly

MISTA'KINGLY, adverb Erroneously; falsely.

Boyle.

Mistaught

MISTAUGHT', participle passive Wrongly taught; as a mistaught youth.

L'Estrange.

Misteach

MISTE'ACH, verb transitive [See Teach.] To teach wrong; to instruct erroneously.

Sanderson.

Misteaching

MISTE'ACHING, participle of the present tense Instructing erroneously.

Mistell

MISTELL', verb transitive [See Tell.] To tell erroneously.

Mistemper

MISTEM'PER, verb transitive To temper ill; to disorder.

Shak.

Mistempered

MISTEM'PERED, participle passive Tempered ill.

Mister

MIS'TER, noun [The pronunciation of this word is probably from the Welsh, German or Dutch dialect. See Master.]

The common title of address to gentlemen, and to men of all classes. In writing, it is expressed by the abbreviation Mr.

Mister

MIS'TER, verb transitive To occasion loss. [Swedish mista.] [Not in use.]

Misterm

MISTERM', verb transitive To term or denominate erroneously.

Shak.

Mistermed

MISTERM'ED, participle passive Wrongly denominated.

Misterming

MISTERM'ING, participle of the present tense Denominating erroneously.

Mistful

MIST'FUL, adjective Clouded with mist.

Misthink

MISTHINK', verb intransitive [See Think.] To think wrong. [Little used.]

Shak.

Misthought

MISTHOUGHT', participle passive of misthink. Thought wrong of.

Adam, misthought of her to thee so dear.

Milton.

Mistime

MISTI'ME, verb transitive To time wrong; not to adapt to the time.

Mistime

MISTI'ME, verb intransitive To neglect the proper time.

Mistimed

MISTI'MED, participle passive Ill timed; done at a wrong time.

Mistiming

MISTI'MING, participle of the present tense Ill timing; doing unseasonably.

Mistiness

MIST'INESS, noun [See Mist.] A state of being misty; a state of thick rain in very small drops.

Bacon.

Mistion

MIS'TION, noun [Latin mistus, mixtus. See Mix.]

1. A state of being mixed.

2. Mixture; a mingling.

Boyle.

Mistitle

MISTI'TLE, verb transitive To call by a wrong title or name.

Warburton.

Mistitled

MISTI'TLED, participle passive Wrongly named.

Mistle

MISTLE, v. i. mis'l. [from mist.] To fall in very fine drops, as rain. [See Missle.]

Mistletoe

MISTLETOE, or MISLETOE, n. mis'lto. [Saxon mistelta; Danish mistel, the same shrub, and birdlime; German id.]

A plant or shrub that grows on trees. It is of the genus Viscum. The berry contains a glutinous substance, and the shrub is said to be propagated by birds. This plant was held in great veneration by the Druids.

Bacon. Miller. Encyc.

Mistlike

MIST'LIKE, adjective Resembling mist.

Shak.

Mistold

MISTOLD, participle passive Erroneously told. [See Tell.]

Mistook

MISTOOK', preterit tense of mistake.

Mistrain

MISTRA'IN, verb transitive To train or educate amiss.

Spenser.

Mistranslate

MISTRANSLA'TE, verb transitive To translate erroneously.

Macknight.

Mistranslated

MISTRANSLA'TED, participle passive Erroneously rendered into another language.

Mistranslating

MISTRANSLA'TING, participle of the present tense Translating incorrectly.

Mistranslation

MISTRANSLA'TION, noun An erroneous translation or version.

Mistress

MIS'TRESS, noun [French maÃƒ-®tresse; Italian maestra, maestressa; Spanish maestra; Latin magistra; Irish maigh is treas. See Master.]

1. A woman who governs; correlative to servant, slave, or subject.

My mistress here lies murdered in her bed.

Shak.

2. The female head of a family.

3. That which governs; a sovereign. Rome was mistress of the world.

4. One that commands, or has possession and sovereignty. The queen is mistress of the Indies.

5. A female who is well skilled in any thing; as, she is mistress of arithmetic.

6. A woman teacher; an instructress of a school.

Swift.

7. A woman beloved and courted.

Clarendon.

8. A woman in keeping for lewd purposes.

9. A term of contemptuous address.

Shak.

Mistress

MIS'TRESS, verb transitive To wait upon a mistress; to be courting.

Donne.

Mistress-Ship

MIS'TRESS-SHIP, noun Female rule or dominion.

Hall.

Mistrust

MISTRUST', noun [Danish mistrost. See Trust.]

Want of confidence or trust; suspicion.

Milton.

Mistrust

MISTRUST', verb transitive [Danish mistrÃƒ-¶st. Swedish misstro. See Trust.]

To suspect; to doubt; to regard with jealousy or suspicion.

Fate her own book mistrusted at the sight.

Cowley.

Mistrusted

MISTRUST'ED, participle passive Suspected.

Mistrustful

MISTRUST'FUL, adjective Suspicious; doubting; wanting confidence in.

Waller.

Mistrustfulness

MISTRUST'FULNESS, noun Suspicion; doubt.

Sidney.

Mistrustfully

MISTRUST'FULLY, adverb With suspicion or doubt.

Mistrusting

MISTRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Suspecting; having no confidence in.

Mistrustingly

MISTRUST'INGLY, adverb With distrust or suspicion.

Mistrustless

MISTRUST'LESS, adjective Unsuspecting; unsuspicious.

Carew.

Mistune

MISTU'NE, verb transitive To tune wrong or erroneously; to put out of tune.

Skelton.

Misturn

MISTURN', verb transitive To pervert. [Not used.]

Mistutor

MISTU'TOR, verb transitive To instruct amiss.

Misty

MIST'Y, adjective [from mist.] Overspread with mist; filled with very minute drops of rain; as misty weather; a misty atmosphere; a misty night or day.

Spenser. Pope.

2. Dim; obscure; clouded; as misty sight.

Misunderstand

MISUNDERSTAND', verb transitive To misconceive; to mistake; to take in a wrong sense.

Locke. Addison.

Misunderstanding

MISUNDERSTAND'ING, participle of the present tense Mistaking the meaning.

Misunderstanding

MISUNDERSTAND'ING, noun Misconception; mistake of the meaning; error.

Bacon.

2. Disagreement; difference; dissension; sometimes a softer name for quarrel.

Swift.

Misunderstood

MISUNDERSTOOD', participle passive Misconceived; mistaken; understood erroneously.

South.

Misusage

MISUSAGE, n. misyu'zage. Ill usage; abuse.

Misuse

MISUSE, v. t. misyu'ze. [French mesuser. See Use.]

1. To treat or use improperly; to use to a bad purpose.

Milton.

2. To abuse; to treat ill.

Misuse

MISUSE, n. misyu'se. Ill treatment; improper use; employment to a bad purpose; as the misuse of mercies.

Addison.

2. Abuse; ill treatment.

Shak.

3. Wrong application; misapplication; erroneous use; as the misuse of words.

Locke.

Misused

MISUSED, pp. misyu'zed. Improperly used or applied; misapplied; misemployed; abused.

Misusing

MISUSING, ppr. misyu'zing. Using improperly; abusing; misapplying.

Misvouch

MISVOUCH', verb transitive To vouch falsely.

Miswear

MISWEAR, verb transitive To swear ill. Obs.

Bacon.

Miswed

MISWED', verb transitive To wed improperly.

Miswedded

MISWED'DED, participle passive Ill matched.

Misween

MISWEE'N, verb intransitive To misjudge; to distrust.

Spenser.

Miswend

MISWEND', verb intransitive To go wrong. Obs.

Spenser.

Miswrite

MISWRI'TE, verb transitive [See Write.] To write incorrectly.

Bp. Cosin.

Miswrought

MISWROUGHT, a. misraut'. Badly wrought.

Bacon.

Misy

MISY. [See Missy.]

Miszealous

MISZEALOUS, a. miszel'ous. Actuated by false zeal.

Bp. Hall.

Mite

MITE, noun [Saxon mite; Dutch myt; Danish mid; French mite; Hebrew Chaldee, small. Class Md. No. 17.]

1. A very small insect of the genus Acarus.

2. In Scripture, a small piece of money, the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English farthings.

Encyc.

3. Any thing proverbially very small; a very little particle or quantity.

Dryden.

4. The twentieth part of a grain.

Arbuthnot.

Mitella

MITEL'LA, noun A plant.

Miter

MI'TER, noun [Italian Spanish mitra; French mitre; Armoric mintr.]

1. A sacerdotal ornament worn on the head by bishops and certain abbots, on solemn occasions.

Encyc.

2. In architecture, an angle of 45Ã‚-°.

Encyc.

3. In Irish history, a sort of base money or coin.

Encyc.

4. Figuratively, the dignity of bishops or abbots.

Miter

MI'TER, verb transitive To adorn with a miter.

2. To unite at an angle of 45Ã‚-°.

Mitered

MI'TERED, participle passive or adjective Wearing a miter.

2. Honored with the privilege of wearing a miter.

3. Cut or joined at an angle of 45Ã‚-°.

Mithic

MITHIC. [See Mythic.]

Mithridate

MITH'RIDATE, noun In pharmacy, an antidote against poison, or a composition in form of an electuary, supposed to serve either as a remedy or a preservative against poison. It takes its name from Mithridates, king of Pontus, the inventor.

Encyc.

Mithridatic

MITHRIDAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to mithridate, or its inventor, Mithridates.

Mitigable

MIT'IGABLE, adjective That may be mitigated.

Barrow.

Mitigant

MIT'IGANT, adjective [Latin mitigans, mitigo, from mitis, mild; Welsh mezal, soft.]

1. Softening; lenient; lenitive.

2. Diminishing; easing; as pain.

Mitigate

MIT'IGATE, verb transitive [Latin mitigo, from mitis, soft, mild, Welsh mezal, Irish maoth, muadh; Arabic to be tender or smooth. Class Md. No. 1. 6. 25. 28.]

1. To alleviate, as suffering; to assuage; to lessen; as, to mitigate pain or grief.

And counsel mitigates the greatest smart.

Spenser.

2. To make less severe; as, to mitigate doom.

Milton.

3. To abate; to make less rigorous; to moderate; as, to mitigate cold; to mitigate the severity of the season.

4. To temper; to moderate; to soften in harshness or severity.

We could wish that the rigor of their opinions were allayed and mitigated.

Hooker.

5. To calm; to appease; to moderate; as, to mitigate the fierceness of party.

Spectator.

6. To diminish; to render more tolerable; as, to mitigate the evils or calamities of life; to mitigate punishment.

7. To reduce in amount or severity; as, to mitigate a penalty.

8. To soften, or make mild and accessible; in a literal sense.

It was this opinion which mitigated kings into companions. [Unusual.]

Burke.

Mitigated

MIT'IGATED, participle passive Softened; alleviated; moderated; diminished.

Mitigating

MIT'IGATING, participle of the present tense Softening; alleviating; tempering; moderating; abating.

Mitigation

MITIGA'TION, noun [Latin mitigatio.] Alleviation; abatement or diminution of any thing painful, harsh, severe, afflictive or calamitous; as the mitigation of pain, grief, rigor, severity, punishment or penalty.

Mitigative

MIT'IGATIVE, adjective Lenitive; tending to alleviate.

Mitigator

MIT'IGATOR, noun He or that which mitigates.

Mitten

MIT'TEN. noun [French mitaine; Irish mitog, perhaps from math, the hand.]

1. A cover for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or other injury. It differs from a glove, in not having a separate cover for each finger.

2. A cover for the arm only.

To handle without mittens, to treat roughly; a popular colloquial phrase.

Mittent

MIT'TENT, adjective [Latin mittens, from mitto, to send.]

Sending forth; emitting. [Not used.]

Wiseman.

Mittimus

MIT'TIMUS, noun [Latin we send.] In law, a precept or command in writing, under the hand or hand and seal of a justice of the peace or other proper officer, directed to the keeper of a prison, requiring him to imprison an offender; a warrant of commitment to prison.

2. A writ for removing records from one court to another.

Encyc.

Mitu

MITU, noun A fowl of the turkey kind, found in Brazil.

Mity

MI'TY, adjective [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites.

Mix

MIX, verb transitive pret. and pp. mixed or mixt. [Saxon miscan; German mischen; Spanish mecer; Portugese mexer, to stir, shake, mix; Latin misceo, mixtum; Italian mischiare; Irish measgadh; Welsh mysgu; Armoric gemesga; Russian meshayu. The Greek forms. These words seem to coincide with the Hebrew and Chaldee, and Arabic to mix. The Sanscrit misra, to mix, may be the same word. The radical sense is probably to stir, shake or agitate.]

1. To unite or blend promiscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or compound; applied both to solids and liquids; as, to mix flour and salt; to mix wines.

2. To join; to associate; to unite with in company.

Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people. Hosea 7.

3. To join; to mingle.

You mix your sadness with some fear.

Shak.

4. To unite with a crowd or multitude.

Mix

MIX, verb intransitive To become united or blended promiscuously in a mass or compound. Oil and water will not mix without the intervention of a third substance.

2. To be joined or associated; as, to mix with the multitude, or to mix in society.

Mixed

MIX'ED, participle passive United in a promiscuous mass or compound; blended; joined; mingled; associated.

2. adjective Promiscuous; consisting of various kinds or different things; as a mixed multitude.

Mixen

MIX'EN, noun A dunghill; a laystall.

Johnson.

Mixer

MIX'ER, noun One who mixes or mingles.

Mixing

MIX'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting or blending in a mass or compound; joining in company; associating.

Mixtilineal

MIXTILIN'EAL, or MIXTILIN'EAR, adjective [Latin mixtus, mixed, and linea, line.]

Containing a mixture of lines, right, curved, &c.

Duncan.

Mixtion

MIX'TION, noun [French; from Latin mixtus.] Mixture; promiscuous assemblage.

Brown.

Mixtly

MIXT'LY, adverb With mixture.

Bacon.

Mixture

MIX'TURE, noun [Latin mixtura.] The act of mixing, or state of being mixed. Compounds are made by the mixture of different substances.

2. A mass or compound, consisting of different ingredients blended without order. In this life there is a mixture of good and evil. Most wines in market are base mixtures.

3. The ingredient added and mixed. Cicero doubted whether it is possible for a community to exist without a prevailing mixture of piety in its constitution.

4. In pharmacy, a liquid medicine which receives into its composition not only extracts, salts and other substances dissolvable in water, but earths, powders and other substances not dissolvable.

Encyc.

5. In chimistry, mixture differs from combination. In mixture, the several ingredients are blended without an alteration of the substances, each of which still retains its own nature and properties. In combination, the substances unite by chimical attraction, and losing their distinct properties, they form a compound differing in its properties from either of the ingredients.

Mizmaze

MIZ'MAZE, noun A cant word for a maze or labyrinth.

Locke.

Mizzen

MIZZEN, n. miz'n. [Italian mezzana, mizzen, that is, middle, from mezzo, middle, half.]

In sea-language, the aftermost of the fixed sails of a ship, extended sometimes by a gaff, and sometimes by a yard which crosses the mast obliquely.

Mar. Dict.

Mizzen-Mast

MIZ'ZEN-MAST, noun The mast which supports the after-sails, and stands nearest to the stern.

Mizzle

MIZ'ZLE, verb intransitive To mistle. [See Mistle.]

Mizzy

MIZ'ZY, noun A bog or quagmire.

Ainsworth.

Mnemonic

MNEMONIC, a. nemon'ic. [infra.] Assisting the memory.

Mnemonics

MNEMON'ICS, noun [from Greek, from, to remember.]

The art of memory; the precepts and rules intended to teach the method of assisting the memory.

Bailey.

Mo

MO, adjective [Saxon ma; Scot. moe.] More. Obs.

Spenser.

Moan

MOAN, verb transitive [Saxon moenan, to moan, also to mean, intend, signify. The primary sense is to reach or stretch forward, or to throw out.]

To lament; to deplore; to bewail with an audible voice.

Ye floods, ye woods, ye echoes, moan

My dear Columbo dead and gone.

Prior.

Moan

MOAN, verb intransitive To grieve; to make lamentations.

Unpitied and unheard, where misery moans.

Thomson.

Moan

MOAN, noun Lamentation; audible expression of sorrow; grief expressed in words or cries.

Sullen moans,

Hollow groans.

Pope.

Moaned

MOANED, participle passive Lamented; deplored.

Moanful

MOANFUL, adjective Sorrowful; expressing sorrow.

Moanfully

MOANFULLY, adverb With lamentation.

Moaning

MOANING, participle of the present tense Lamenting; bewailing.

Moat

MOAT, noun [Irish mota; Spanish id.; French motte. The word signifies a bank or mound, that is, a mass or collection. This sense is transferred to the ditch adjoining, as dike is transferred to the bank.]

In fortification, a ditch or deep trench round the rampart of a castle or other fortified place. It is sometimes filled with water.

Encyc.

Moat

MOAT, verb transitive To surround with a ditch for defense; as a moated castle.

Dryden.

Mob

MOB, noun [from Latin mobilis, movable, variable.]

1. A crowd or promiscuous multitude of people, rude, tumultuous and disorderly.

2. A disorderly assembly.

Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob.

Federalist, Madison.

3. A huddled dress.

Steele.

Mob

MOB, verb transitive To attack in a disorderly crowd; to harass tumultuously.

2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail.

Mobbish

MOB'BISH, adjective Lake a mob; tumultuous; mean; vulgar.

Mobcap

MOB'CAP, noun [Dutch mop.] A plain cap or head-dress for females.

Mobile

MO'BILE, adjective [French] Movable. [Not used.]

Skelton.

Mobile

MO'BILE, noun [French from Latin mobilis.] The mob; the populace.

South.

Primum mobile, [I.] in the ancient astronomy, a ninth heaven or sphere, supposed to be beyond the fixed stars, and to be the first mover of all the lower spheres.

Mobility

MOBIL'ITY, noun [French mobilitÃƒ-©; Latin mobilitas, from moveo, to move.]

1. Susceptibility of motion; capacity of being moved.

Wotton.

2. Aptitude to motion; activity; readiness to move.

Arbuthnot.

3. In cant language, the populace.

Dryden.

4. Fickleness; inconstancy.

Ainsworth.

Moble

MOB'LE, verb transitive To wrap the head in a hood.

Shak.

Moccason

MOC'CASON, noun A shoe or cover for the feet, made of deer-skin or other soft lether, without a sole, and ornamented on the upper side; the customary shoe worn by the native Indians.

Mocha-Stone

MO'CHA-STONE, noun [from Mocha, in Arabia.]

Dendritic agate; a mineral in the interior of which appear brown, reddish brown, blackish or green delineations of shrubs destitute of leaves. These in some cases may have been produced by the filtration of the oxyds of iron and manganese; but in other cases they appear to be vegetable fibres, sometimes retaining their natural form and color, and sometimes coated by oxyd of iron.

Cleaveland.

Mock

MOCK, verb transitive [French moquer; Greek; Welsh mociaw, to mock, and moc, a mimic; Irish magadh or mogadh, a mocking; Chaldee Syriac. Class Mg. No. 10.]

1. Properly, to intimate; to mimick; hence, to imitate in contempt or derision; to mimick for the sake of derision; to deride by mimicry.

2. To deride; to laugh at; to ridicule; to treat with scorn or contempt.

As he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, saying, go up, thou bald head. 2 Kings 2. Mark 10.

3. To defeat; to illude; to disappoint; to deceive; as, to mock expectation.

Thou hast mocked me and told me lies. Judg, xvi.

4. To fool; to tantalize; to play on in contempt.

He will not

Mock us with his blest sight, then snatch him hence.

Milton.

Mock

MOCK, verb intransitive To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to speak jestingly.

When thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed? Job 11.

Mock

MOCK, noun Ridicule; derision; sneer; an act manifesting contempt.

Fools make a mock at sin. Proverbs 14.

What shall be the portion of those who make a mock at every thing sacred?

Tillotson.

2. Imitation; mimicry. [Little used.]

Crashaw.

Mock

MOCK, adjective False; counterfeit; assumed; imitating reality, but not real.

That superior greatness and mock majesty\s-\

Spectator.

Mockable

MOCK'ABLE, adjective Exposed to derision.

[Little used.]

Shak.

Mockage

MOCK'AGE, noun Mockery. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Mocked

MOCK'ED, participle passive Imitated or mimicked in derision; laughed at; ridiculed; defeated; illuded.

Mocker

MOCK'ER, noun One that mocks; a scorner; a scoffer; a derider.

South.

2. A deceiver; an impostor.

Mockery

MOCK'ERY, noun The act of deriding and exposing to contempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another.

2. Derision; ridicule; sportive insult or contempt; contemptuous merriment at persons or things.

Grace at meals is now generally so performed as to look more like mockery upon devotion, than any solemn application of the mind to God.

Law.

3. Sport; subject of laughter. Of the holy place they made a mockery.

Maccabees.

4. Vain imitation or effort; that which deceives, disappoints or frustrates.

It is as the air, invulnerable, And our vain blows malicious mockery.

Shak.

5. Imitation; counterfeit appearance; false show.

And bear about the mockery of woe To midnight dances.

Pope.

Mockeson

MOCK'ESON, noun The name of a serpent.

Mocking

MOCK'ING, participle of the present tense Imitating in contempt; mimicking; ridiculing by mimicry; treating with sneers and scorn; defeating; deluding.

Mocking

MOCK'ING, noun Derision; insult.

Mocking-Bird

MOCK'ING-BIRD, noun The mocking thrush of America; a bird of the genus Turdus.

Mockingly

MOCK'INGLY, adverb By way of derision; in contempt.

Mocking-Stock

MOCK'ING-STOCK, noun A butt of sport.

Mockle

MOCKLE. [See Mickle.]

Mock-Lead

MOCK'-LEAD, or MOCK'-ORE, noun A sulphuret of zink, the same as blend, which see.

Mock-Orange

MOCK'-ORANGE, noun A plant of the genus Philadelphus.

Mock-Privet

MOCK'-PRIVET, noun A plant of the genus Phillyrea.

Modal

MO'DAL, adjective [See Mode.] Consisting in mode only; relating to form; having the form without the essence or reality; as the modal diversity of the faculties of the soul.

Glanville.

Modality

MODAL'ITY, noun The quality of being modal, or being in form only.

Mode

MODE, noun [French mode; Latin modus; Spanish Italian modo; Welsh moz; Irish modh; Saxon mete, gemet or gemett, from metan, gemetan, to meet, to find, to measure or mete, Latin metior. The primary sense of mode is measure, hence form. Measure is from extending, the extent, hence a limit, and hence the derivative sense of restraining. See Meet and Measure.]

1. Manner of existing or being; manner; method; form; fashion; custom; way; as the mode of speaking; the mode of dressing; modes of receiving or entertaining company.

The duty of itself being resolved on, the mode of doing it may be easily found.

Taylor.

It is applicable to particular acts, or to a series of acts, or to the common usage of a city or nation. One man has a particular mode of walking; another has a singular mode of dressing his hair. We find it necessary to conform in some measure to the usual modes of dress.

2. Gradation; degree.

What modes of sight between each wide extreme;

Pope.

3. State; quality.

Shak.

4. In metaphysics, the dependence of affection of a subtance. Such complex ideas as contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as dependencies or affections of substances, Locke calls modes. Of these he makes two kinds; simple modes, which are only variations or different combinations of the same idea, as a dozen, which consists of so many units added together; and mixed modes, which are compounded of simple ideas of several kinds, as beauty, which is compounded of color and figure.

A mode is that which cannot subsist in and of itself, but is esteemed as belonging to and subsisting by the help of some substance, which for that reason is called its subject.

Watts.

5. In music, a regular disposition of the air and accompaniments relative to certain principal sounds, on which a piece of music is formed, and which are called the essential sounds of the mode.

Encyc.

6. In grammar, a particular manner of conjugating verbs to express manner of action or being, as affirmation, command, condition and the like; usually and not very properly written mood. Mood is a word of different signification. [See Mood.]

7. A kind of silk.

Model

MODEL, n. mod'l. [French modelle; Latin modulus, from modus.]

1. A pattern of something to be made; any thing of a particular form, shape or construction, intended for imitation; primarily, a small pattern; a form in miniature of something to be made on a larger scale; as the model of a building; the model of a fort.

2. A mold; something intended to give shape to castings.

Shak.

3. Pattern; example; as, to form a government on the model of the British or American constitution.

4. Standard; that by which a thing is to be measured.

He that despairs, measures Providence by his own contracted model.

South.

5. In painting and sculpture, that which is to be copied or imitated; as the naked human form.

6. A pattern; any thing to be imitated. Take Cicero, lord Chatham or Burke, as a model of eloquence; take Washington as a model of prudence, integrity and patriotism; above all, let Christ be the model of our benevolence, humility, obedience and patience.

7. A copy; representation; something made in imitation of real life; as anatomical models, representing the parts of the body. General Pfiffer constructed a model of the mountainous parts of Switzerland.

Model

MOD'EL, verb transitive [French modeler.] To plan or form in a particular manner; to shape; to imitate in planning or forming; as, to model a house or a government; to model an edifice according to the plan delineated.

Modeled

MOD'ELED, participle passive Formed according to a model; planned; shaped; formed.

Modeler

MOD'ELER, noun A planner; a contriver.

Spectator.

Modeling

MOD'ELING, participle of the present tense Forming according to a model; planning; forming; shaping.

Moderate

MOD'ERATE, adjective [Latin moderatus, from moderor, to limit, from modus, a limit.]

1. Literally, limited; restrained; hence, temperate; observing reasonable bounds in indulgence; as moderate in eating or drinking, or in other gratifications.

2. Limited in quantity; not excessive or expensive. He keeps a moderate table.

3. Restrained in passion, ardor or temper; not violent; as moderate men of both parties.

4. Not extreme in opinion; as a moderate Calvinist or Lutheran.

5. Placed between extremes; holding the mean or middle place; as reformation of a moderate kind.

6. Temperate; not extreme, violent or rigorous; as moderate weather; a moderate winter; moderate heat; a moderate breeze of wind.

7. Of a middle rate; as men of moderate abilities.

8. Not swift; as a moderate walk.

Moderate

MOD'ERATE, verb transitive To restrain from excess of any kind; to reduce from a state of violence; to lessen; to allay; to repress; as, to moderate rage, action, desires, &c.; to moderate heat or wind.

2. To temper; to make temperate; to qualify. By its astringent quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm water.

Arbuthnot.

Moderate

MOD'ERATE, verb transitive To become less violent, severe, rigorous or intense. The cold of winter usually moderates in March; the heat of summer moderates in September.

Moderated

MOD'ERATED, participle passive Reduced in violence, rigor or intensity; allayed; lessenced; tempered; qualified.

Moderately

MOD'ERATELY, adverb Temperately; mildly; without violence.

2. In a middle degree; not excessively; as water moderately warm.

Each nymph but moderately fair.

Waller.

Moderateness

MOD'ERATENESS, noun State of being moderate; temperateness; a middle state between extremes; as the moderateness of the weather; used commonly of things, as moderation is of persons.

Johnson.

Moderating

MOD'ERATING, participle of the present tense Reducing in violence or excess; allaying; tempering; becoming more mild.

Moderation

MODERA'TION, noun [Latin moderatio.] The state of being moderate, or of keeping a due mean between extremes or excess of violence. The General's moderation after victory was more honorable than the victory itself.

In moderation placing all my glory, While tories call me whig, and whigs a tory.

Pope.

2. Restraint of violent passions or indulgence of appetite. Eat and drink with moderation; indulge with moderation in pleasures and exercise.

3. Calmness of mind; equanimity; as, to bear prosperity or adversity with moderation.

4. Frugality in expenses.

Ainsworth.

Moderator

MODERA'TOR, noun He or that which moderates or restrains. Contemplation is an excellent moderator of the passions.

2. The person who presides over a meeting or assembly of people to preserve order, propose questions, regulate the proceedings and declare the vote; as the moderator of a town meeting or of a society.

Watts.

Moderatorship

MODERA'TORSHIP, noun The office of a moderator.

Elyot.

Modern

MOD'ERN, adjective [French moderne; Italian Spanish moderno. This word seems to be formed from Latin modo, and ern, which we find in other Latin words that have reference to time, as in hodiernus, hesternus.]

1. Pertaining to the present time, or time not long past; late; recent; not ancient or remote in past time; as modern days, ages or time; modern authors; modern fashions; modern taste; modern practice.

Bacon. Prior.

2. Common; mean; vulgar. [Not used.]

Shak.

Modernism

MOD'ERNISM, noun Modern practice; something recently formed, particularly in writing.

Swift.

Modernist

MOD'ERNIST, noun One who admires the moderns.

Swift.

Modernize

MOD'ERNIZE, verb transitive To render modern; to adapt ancient compositions to modern persons or things, or rather to adapt the ancient style or idiom to modern style and taste.

Modernized

MOD'ERNIZED, participle passive Rendered conformable to modern usage.

Modernizer

MOD'ERNIZER, noun He that renders modern.

Modernizing

MOD'ERNIZING, participle of the present tense Rendering modern.

Modernly

MOD'ERNLY, adverb In modern times. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Modernness

MOD'ERNNESS, noun The quality of being modern; recentness; novelty.

Moderns

MOD'ERNS, noun Those who have lived in times recently past, or are now living; opposed to the ancients.

Boyle. Pope.

Modest

MOD'EST, adjective [French modeste; Latin modestus, from modus, a limit.]

1. Properly, restrained by a sense of propriety; hence, not forward or bold; not pre- sumptuous or arrogant; not boastful; as a modest youth; a modest man.

2. Not bold or forward; as a modest maid. The word may be thus used without reference to chastity.

The blushing beauties of a modest maid.

Dryden.

3. Not loose; not lewd.

Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest wife.

Shak.

4. Moderate; not excessive or extreme; not extravagant; as a modest request; modest joy; a modest computation.

Addison.

Modestly

MOD'ESTLY, adverb Not boldly; not arrogantly or presumptuously; with due respect. He modestly expressed his opinions.

2. Not loosely or wantonly; decently; as, to be modestly attired; to behave modestly.

3. Not excessively; not extravagantly.

Modesty

MOD'ESTY, noun [Latin modestia.] That lowly temper which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and importance. This temper when natural, springs in some measure from timidity, and in young and inexperienced persons, is allied to bashfulness and diffidence. In persons who have seen the world, and lost their natural timidity, modesty springs no less from principle than from feeling, and is manifested by retiring, unobtrusive manners, assuming less to itself than others are willing to yield, and conceding to others all due honor and respect, or even more than they expect or require.

2. Modesty, as an act or series of acts, consists in humble, unobtrusive deportment, as opposed to extreme boldness, forwardness, arrogance, presumption, audacity or impudence. Thus we say, the petitioner urged his claims with modesty; the speaker addressed the audience with modesty.

3. Moderation; decency.

Shak.

4. In females, modesty has the like character as in males; but the word is used also as synonymous with chastity, or purity of manners. In this sense, modesty results from purity of mind, or from the fear of disgrace and ignominy fortified by education and principle. Unaffected modesty is the sweetest charm of female excellence, the richest gem in the diadem of their honor.

Modesty-Piece

MOD'ESTY-PIECE, noun A narrow lace worn by females over the bosom.

Addison.

Modicum

MOD'ICUM, noun [Latin] A little; a small quantity.

Dryden.

Modifiable

MOD'IFIABLE, adjective [from modify.] That may be modified or diversified by various forms and differences; as modifiable matter.

Locke.

Modifiable

MOD'IFIABLE, noun [from modify.] The act of modifying, or giving to any thing new forms, or differences of external qualities or modes.

If these powers of cogitation, volition and sensation are not inherent in matter as such, nor acquirable to matter by any motion or modification of itÃ‚--

Bentley.

2. Particular form or manner; as the various modifications of light or sound. The treaty, in several of its modifications, was held to be objectionable.

Newton. Holder.

Modified

MOD'IFIED, participle passive Changed in form or external qualities; varied; diversified.

2. Moderated; tempered; qualified in exceptionable parts.

Modifier

MOD'IFIER, noun He or that which modifies.

Modify

MOD'IFY, verb transitive [French modifier; Italian modificare; Spanish modificar; Latin modificor; modus, limit, manner, and facio, to make.]

1. To change the form or external qualities of a thing; to shape; to give a new form of being to; as, to modify matter, light or sound.

Newton. Holder.

2. To vary; to give a new form to any thing; as, to modify the terms of a contract. A prefix modifies the sense of a verb.

3. To moderate; to qualify; to reduce in extent or degree.

Of his grace

He modifies his first severe decree.

Dryden.

Modify

MOD'IFY, verb intransitive To extenuate.

L'Estrange.

Modifying

MOD'IFYING, participle of the present tense Changing the external qualities; giving a new form to; moderating.

Modillion

MODILLION, n. modil'yun. [Italian modiglione; French modillon; from Latin modiolus, from modus.]

In architecture, an ornament in the cornice of the Ionic, Corinthian and Composite columns; a sort of bracket serving to support the projecture of the larmier or drip; a dental.

Encyc. Harris.

Modish

MO'DISH, adjective [from mode.] According to the mode or customary manner; fashionable; as a modish dress; a modish feast.

Dryden.

Modishly

MO'DISHLY, adverb Fashionably; in the customary mode.

Locke.

Modishness

MO'DISHNESS, noun The state of being fashionable.

2. Affectation of the fashion.

Johnson.

Modulate

MOD'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin modulor, from modus, limit, measure.]

1. To form sound to a certain key, or to a certain proportion.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. To vary or inflect sound in a natural, customary or musical manner. Thus the organs of speech modulate the voice in reading or speaking.

Could any person so modulate her voice as to deceive so many.

Broome.

Modulated

MOD'ULATED, participle passive Formed to a certain key; varied; inflected.

Modulating

MOD'ULATING, participle of the present tense Forming to a certain proportion; varying; inflecting.

Modulation

MODULA'TION, noun [Latin modulatio; French modulation.]

1. The act of forming any thing to a certain proportion; as the different proportion and modulation of matter.

Woodward.

2. The act of inflecting the voice in reading or speaking; a rising or falling of the voice.

Encyc.

3. In music, the art of composing melody or harmony agreeable to the laws prescribed by any particular key, or of changing the key, or of passing from one key to another.

Encyc.

Modulation is the manner of ascertaining and managing the modes; or more generally, the art of conducting the harmony and air through several modes in a manner agreeable to the ear and conformed to rules.

Rousseau.

4. Sound modulated; melody.

Thomson.

Modulator

MOD'ULATOR, noun He or that which modulates. The tongue is a principal modulator of the human voice.

Module

MOD'ULE, noun [French; from Latin modulus.] A model or representation.

2. In architecture, a certain measure or size taken at pleasure for regulating the proportion of columns, and the symmetry or disposition of the whole building. The usual module of a column is its semidiameter at the base. This is divided into parts or minutes.

Encyc.

Module

MOD'ULE, verb transitive To model; to shape; to modulate. [Little used.]

Modus

MO'DUS, noun [Latin] A compensation for tithes; an equivalent in money or other certain thing, given to a parson or vicar by the owners of land in lieu of tithes. The whole phrase is modus decimandi; but modus alone is commonly used.

Blackstone.

Modwall

MOD'WALL, noun A bird.

Moe

MOE, adjective More. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Mogul

MOGUL', noun The name of a prince or emperor of the nation in Asia called Moguls, or Monguls.

Mohair

MO'HAIR, noun [German mohr, mohair, and a moor; French moire; Russian mor.]

The hair of a kind of goat in Turkey, of which are made camlets, which are sometimes called by the same name.

Encyc.

Mohair-Shell

MO'HAIR-SHELL, noun In conchology, a peculiar species of Voluta, of a closely and finely reticulated texture, resembling on the surface mohair, or a close web of the silkworm.

Encyc.

Mohammedan

MOHAM'MEDAN, adjective Pertaining to Mohammed or Mahomet.

Mohammedan

MOHAM'MEDAN, noun A follower of Mohammed, the founder of the religion of Arabia and Persia.

Mohammedanism

MOHAM'MEDANISM, noun The religion or doctrines and precepts of Mohammed, contained in a book called the Koran or Alkoran.

Mohammedanize

MOHAM'MEDANIZE, verb transitive To render conformable to the modes or principles of the Mohammedans.

Mohawk

MO'HAWK, or MO'HOCK, noun The appellation given to certain ruffians who infested the streets of London; so called from the nation of Indians of that name in America.

Prior.

Moidore

MOI'DORE, noun A gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or ?1. 7s. sterling.

Moiety

MOI'ETY, noun [French moitiÃƒ-©; Latin medietas; Italian meta; Spanish mitad.]

The half; one of two equal parts; as a moiety of an estate, of goods or of profits; the moiety of a jury or of a nation.

Clarendon. Addison.

Moil

MOIL, verb transitive [French mouiller.] To daub; to make dirty. [Little used.]

Knolles.

2. To weary. [See the next word.]

Chapman.

Moil

MOIL, verb intransitive [Greek, labor, combat; to strive, to fight; Latin molior, and miles; Arabic to work, labor, perform, to strive, to war; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan id. Class Ml. No. 15. 12.]

To labor; to toil; to work with painful efforts.

Now he must moil and drudge for one he lothes.

Dryden.

Moil

MOIL, noun A spot. [Saxon mal.] [Not in use.]

Moist

MOIST, adjective [French moite, for moiste; Armoric mouest; Russian motzu, to wet. If the last radical letter is a dental, this word may belong to the family of Latin madeo, Greek. See Class Ms. No. 1. and Class Md. No. 1.]

1. Moderately wet; damp; as a moist atmosphere or air.

Exhalation dusk and moist.

Milton.

2. Containing water or other liquid in a perceptible degree.

Moisten

MOISTEN, v. t. mois'n. To make damp; to wet in a small degree.

A pipe a little moistened on the inside.

Bacon.

His bones are moistened with marrow. Job 21.

Moist

MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete.

Moistened

MOISTENED, pp. mois'nd. Made wet in a small degree.

Moistener

MOISTENER, n. mois'ner. He or that which moistens.

Moistening

MOISTENING, ppr. mois'ning. Wetting moderately.

Moistful

MOIST'FUL, adjective Full of moisture.

Dryton.

Moistness

MOIST'NESS, noun Dampness; a small degree of wetness. Addison.

Moisture

MOIST'URE, noun [Fr moiteur.] A moderate degree of wetness.

Set such plants as require much moisture, on sandy, dry grounds.

Bacon.

2. A small quantity of any liquid; as the moisture of the body.

Shak.

Moisty

MOIST'Y, adjective Drizzling. [Not in use.]

Mokes

MOKES, of a net, the meshes. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Moky

MO'KY, adjective [Welsh mug; from the root of smoke.] Muggy; dark; murky. Obs.

Molar

MO'LAR, adjective [Latin molaris.] Having power to grind; grinding; as the molar teeth.

Bacon.

Molasses

MOLASSES, an incorrect orthography of melasses.

Mold

MOLD, noun [Saxon mold, molda, myl; Welsh mol; Dutch Danish mul; Swedish German mull; probably allied to mellow, Latin mollis. See Mellow, Meal and Mill. It is incorrectly written mould.]

1. Fine soft earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as constitutes soil; as black mold.

Ed. Welsh Indies.

A mortal substance of terrestrial mold.

Hoole.

2. A substance like down which forms on bodies which lie long in warm and damp air. The microscope exhibits this substance as consisting of small plants.

Encyc.

3. Matter of which any thing is formed.

Nature formed me of her softest mold.

Addison.

Mold

MOLD, noun [Spanish molde, a mold or matrix; moldar, amoldar, to cast; Portugese molde, moldar, id.; French moule; Armoric moul, Danish mul, muld; Welsh mold, whence moldiaw, to mold, work or knead. This may be radically the same word as mold, fine earth; a name taken from the material of molds. The connection of matrix with mater and materia, fortifies this conjecture.]

1. The matrix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. Molds are of various kinds. Molds for casting cannon and various vessels, are composed of some species of earth, particularly clay. Molds for other purposes consist of a cavity in some species of metal, cut or formed to the shape designed, or are otherwise formed, each for its particular use.

2. Cast; form; as a writer of vulgar mold.

Waller.

3. The suture or contexture of the skull.

Ainsworth.

4. In ship-building, a thin flexible piece of timber, used as a pattern by which to form the curves of the timbers and compassing pieces.

Encyc.

5. Among gold beaters, a number of pieces of vellum or a like substance, laid over one another, between which the leaves of gold and silver are laid for beating.

Encyc.

Mold

MOLD, verb transitive To cause to contract mold.

Knolles.

2. To cover with mold or soil.

Edwards.

Mold

MOLD, verb intransitive To contract mold; to become moldy.

Bacon.

Mold

MOLD, verb transitive To form into a particular shape; to shape; to model.

He forgeth and moldeth metals.

Hall.

Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay

To mold me man?

Milton.

2. To knead; as, to mold dough or bread.

Ainsworth.

Moldable

MOLDABLE, adjective That may be molded or formed.

Bacon.

Molded

MOLDED, participle passive Formed into a particular shape; kneaded.

2. Covered with mold.

Molder

MOLDER, noun He who molds or forms into shape.

Molder

MOLDER, verb intransitive [Danish mulner, Swedish multna, to grow moldy.]

1. To turn to dust by natural decay; to crumble; to perish; to waste away by a gradual separation of the component particles, without the presence of water. In this manner, animal and vegetable substances molder, and so also do stones and shells.

When statues molder, and when arches fall.

Prior.

2. To be diminished; to waste away gradually.

If he had sat still, the enemy's army would have moldered to nothing.

Clarendon.

Molder

MOLDER, verb transitive To turn to dust; to crumble; to waste.

Some felt the silent stroke of moldering age.

Pope.

Moldering

MOLDERING, participle of the present tense Turning to dust; crumbling; wasting away.

Moldiness

MOLDINESS, noun [from moldy.] The state of being moldy.

Bacon.

Molding

MOLDING, participle of the present tense [from mold.] Forming into shape; kneading.

Molding

MOLDING, noun Any thing cast in a mold, or which appears to be so; hence, in architecture, a projecture beyond the wall, column, wainscot, &c. an assemblage of which forms a cornice, a door-case, or other decoration.

Encyc.

Mold-Warp

MOLD-WARP, noun [Saxon mold and weorpan, to turn. See Mole.]

A mole; a small animal of the genus Talpa, that moves under ground and turns up the mold or surface of the earth.

Spenser. Carew.

Moldy

MOLDY, adjective [from mold.] Overgrown with mold.

Addison.

Mole

MOLE, noun [Saxon moel, mal; Dutch maal; German mahl.]

1. A spot, mark or small permanent protuberance on the human body, from which usually issue one or more hairs.

2. [Latin mola.] A mass of fleshy matter of a spherical figure, generated in the uterus.

Encyc.

Mole

MOLE, noun [Latin moles; French mole; Welsh moel, a heap, or mwl, a mass.]

1. A mound or massive work formed of large stones laid in the sea by means of coffer dams, extended either in a right line or an arch of a circle before a port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse of the waves; thus protecting ships in a harbor. The word is sometimes used for the harbor itself.

Encyc.

2. Among the Romans, a kind of mausoleum, built like a round tower on a square base, insulated, encompassed with columns and covered with a dome.

Encyc.

Mole

MOLE, noun [Dutch mol; German maulwurf, moldwarp; Swedish mullsork, mullvad or mullwarpel; Danish muldvarp.]

A small animal of the genus Talpa, which in search of worms or other insects, forms a road just under the surface of the ground, raising the soil into a little ridge; from which circumstance it is called a moldwarp, or mold-turner. The mole has very small eyes.

Ray.

Learn of the mole to plow, the worm to weave.

Pope.

Mole

MOLE, verb transitive To clear of mole-hills. [Local.]

Pegge.

Mole-Bat

MO'LE-BAT, noun A fish.

Ainsworth.

Mole-Cast

MO'LE-C'AST, noun A little elevation of earth made by a mole.

Mortimer.

Mole-Catcher

MO'LE-CATCHER, noun One whose employment is to catch moles.

Tusser.

Mole-Cricket

MO'LE-CRICKET, noun An insect of the genus Gryllus.

Molecule

MO'LECULE, noun [French from mole.] A very minute particle of matter. Molecules are elementary, constituent, or integrant. The latter result from the union of the elementary.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Fourcroy. Kirwan.

Mole-Eyed

MO'LE-EYED, adjective Having very small eyes; blind.

Mole-Hill

MO'LE-HILL, noun [Welsh malur.] A little hillock or elevation of earth thrown up by moles working under ground; hence proverbially, a very small hill, or other small thing, compared with a larger.

Ã‚--Having leaped over such mountains, lie down before a mole-hill.

South.

Molest

MOLEST', verb transitive [French molester; Italian molestare; Spanish molestar; from Latin molestus, troublesome; Spanish moler, to grind, to molest, to vex, Latin molo. See Mill.]

To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy.

They have molested the church with needless opposition.

Hooker.

Molestation

MOLESTA'TION, noun Disturbance; annoyance; uneasiness given. [It usually expresses less than vexation.]

Brown.

Molested

MOLEST'ED, participle passive Disturbed; troubled; annoyed.

Molester

MOLEST'ER, noun One that disturbs.

Molestful

MOLEST'FUL, adjective Troublesome.

Molesting

MOLEST'ING, participle of the present tense Disturbing; troubling.

Mole-Track

MO'LE-TRACK, noun The course of a mole under ground.

Mortimer.

Mole-Warp

MO'LE-WARP, noun A mole. [See Mole and Mold-warp.]

Molien

MO'LIEN, noun A flowering tree of China.

Grosier.

Moliminous

MOLIM'INOUS, adjective [from Latin molimen.] Very important. [Not used.]

More.

Molinist

MO'LINIST, noun A follower of the opinions of Molina, a Spanish Jesuit, in respect to grace; an opposer of the Jansenists.

Mollient

MOL'LIENT, adjective [Latin molliens, mollio. See Mellow.]

Softening; assuaging; lessening. [See Emollient, which is generally used.]

Mollifiable

MOL'LIFIABLE, adjective [from mollify.] That may be softened.

Mollification

MOLLIFICA'TION, noun The act of mollifying or softening.

2. Mitigation; an appeasing.

Shak.

Mollified

MOL'LIFIED, participle passive Softened; appeased.

Mollifier

MOL'LIFIER, noun That which softens, appeases or mitigates.

2. He that softens, mitigates or pacifies.

Mollify

MOL'LIFY, verb transitive [Latin mollio; French mollir. See Mellow.] To soften; to make soft or tender. Isaiah 1.

2. To assuage, as pain or irritation.

3. To appease; to pacify; to calm or quiet.

Dryden.

4. To qualify; to reduce in harshness or asperity.

Clarendon.

Mollusca

MOLLUS'CA, noun [from Latin mollis, soft.] In zoology, a division or class of animals whose bodies are soft, without an internal skeleton, or articulated covering. Some of them breathe by lungs, others by gills; some live on land, others in water. Some of them are naked; others testaceous or provided with shells. Many of them are furnished with feelers or tentacula.

Cuvier. Ed. Encyc.

Molluscan

MOLLUS'CAN, or MOLLUS'COUS, adjective Pertaining to the mollusca, or partaking of their properties. [Molluscous is used, but is less analogical than molluscan.]

Molossus

MOLOS'SUS, noun [Greek] In Greek and Latin verse, a foot of three long syllables.

Molt

MOLT, verb intransitive [Welsh moel, bald, bare, also as a noun, a heap, pile or conical hill with a smooth top; moeli, to heap or pile, to make bald. So bald, in English, seems to be connected with bold, that is, prominent.]

To shed or cast the hair, fethers, skin, horns, &c.; as an animal. Fowls molt by losing their fethers, beasts by losing their hair, serpents by casting their skins, and deer their horns. The molting of the hawk is called mewing.

Molten

MOLTEN, participle passive of melt. Melted. Obs.

2. adjective Made of melted metal; as a molten image.

Molting

MOLTING, participle of the present tense Casting or shedding a natural covering, as hair, fethers, skin or horns.

Molting

MOLTING, noun The act or operation by which certain animals, annually or at certain times, cast off or lose their hair, fethers, skins, horns, &c.

Moly

MO'LY, noun [Latin from Greek.] Wild garlic, a plant having a bulbous root.

Molybden

MOLYB'DEN, or MOLYB'DENA, noun [Greek, a mass of lead.]

An ore of molybdenum, a scarce mineral of a peculiar form, and sometimes confounded with plumbago, from which however it is distinguished by its more shining, scaly appearance, and a more greasy feel.

Encyc.

Molybdenous

MOLYB'DENOUS, adjective Pertaining to molybden, or obtained from it. The molybdenous acid is the deutoxyd of molybdenum.

Molybdenum

MOLYB'DENUM, noun A metal which has not been reduced into masses of any magnitude, but has been obtained only in small separate globules, in a blackish, brilliant mass. These are brittle and extremely infusible.

Nicholson. Ure.

The most common natural compound of this metal is a sulphuret.

Webster's Manual.

Mome

MOME, noun [French momon. See Mum.] A dull, silent person; a stupid fellow; a stock; a post.

Johnson. Spenser.

Moment

MO'MENT, noun [Latin momentum. This word is contracted from motamentum, or some other word, the radical verb of which signifies to move, rush, drive or fall suddenly, which sense gives that of force. The sense of an instant of time is from falling or rushing, which accords well with that of meet.]

1. The most minute and indivisible part of time; an instant.

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye. 1 Corinthians 15.

2. Force; impulsive power.

Ã‚--Touch with lightest moment of impulse,

His free will.

Milton.

Little used; but hence,

3. Importance in influence or effect; consequence; weight or value.

It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far less moment to us than the others.

Bentley.

Momental

MOMENT'AL, adjective Important. [Not in use.]

Momentally

MOMENT'ALLY, adverb For a moment.

Brown.

Momentaneous

MOMENTANEOUS, MOMENTANY, not used. [See Momentary.]

Momentarily

MO'MENTARILY, adverb Every moment.

Shenstone.

Momentary

MO'MENTARY, adjective Done in a moment; continuing only a moment; lasting a very short time; as a momentary pang.

Momentary as a sound,

Swift as a shadow, short as any dream.

Shak.

Momently

MO'MENTLY, adverb For a moment.

2. In a moment; every moment. We momently expect the arrival of the mail.

Momentous

MOMENT'OUS, adjective Important; weighty; of consequence. Let no false step be made in the momentous concerns of the soul.

Momentum

MOMENT'UM, noun [Latin] In mechanics, impetus; the quantity of motion in a moving body. This is always equal to the quantity of matter multiplied into the velocity.

Encyc.

Mommery

MOM'MERY, or MUM'MERY, noun [French momerie, from Momus, the god of raillery and jesting.]

An entertainment or frolick in masks; a farcical entertainment in which masked persons play antic tricks.

Rowe.

Momot

MO'MOT, noun The name of a genus of birds in S. America, whose beak and tongue resemble the toucan's.

Ed. Encyc.

Monachal

MON'ACHAL, adjective [French from Latin monachus, Greek, a monk.]

Pertaining to monks or a monastic life; monastic.

Monachism

MON'ACHISM, noun [French monachisme; Italian monachismo. See Monk.] The state of monks; a monastic life.

Monad

MON'AD, noun [Greek, unity, from, sole.]

1. An ultimate atom, or simple unextended point.

Leibnitz.

2. An indivisible thing.

Good.

Monadelph

MON'ADELPH, noun [Greek, sole, and, brother.]

In botany, a plant whose stamens are united in one body by the filaments.

Monadelphian

MONADELPH'IAN, adjective Having the stamens united in one body by the filaments.

Monadic

MONAD'IC, or MONAD'ICAL, adjective Having the nature or character of a monad.

More.

Monander

MONAN'DER, noun [Greek, one, and, a male.]

In botany, a plant having one stamen only.

Monandrian

MONAN'DRIAN, adjective Having one stamen only.

Monarch

MON'ARCH, noun [Italian Spanish monarca; French monarque; Greek; sole, and, a chief.]

1. The prince or ruler of a nation, who exercises all the powers of government without control, or who is vested with absolute sovereign power; an emperor, king or prince invested with an unlimited power. This is the strict sense of the word.

2. A king or prince, the supreme magistrate of a nation, whose powers are in some respects limited by the constitution of the government. Thus we call the king of Great Britain a monarch, although he can make no law without the consent of parliament.

3. He or that which is superior to others of the same kind; as, an oak is called the monarch of the forest; a lion the monarch of wild beasts.

4. One that presides; president; as Bacchus, monarch of the vine.

Shak.

Monarch

MON'ARCH, adjective Supreme; ruling; as a monarch savage.

Pope.

Monarchal

MONARCH'AL, adjective Pertaining to a monarch; suiting a monarch; sovereign; regal; imperial.

Satan, whom now transcendant glory raised

Above his fellows, with monarchal prideÃ‚--

Milton.

Monarchess

MON'ARCHESS, noun A female monarch; an empress.

Monarchic

MONARCH'IC, or MONARCH'ICAL, adjective Vested in a single ruler; as monarchical government or power.

2. Pertaining to monarchy.

Monarchist

MON'ARCHIST, noun An advocate of monarchy.

Barrow.

Monarchize

MON'ARCHIZE, v.i. To play the king; to act the monarch.

Shak.

Monarchize

MON'ARCHIZE, v.t. To rule; to govern.

Monarchy

MON'ARCHY, noun [Greek. See Monarch.]

1. A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a single person. Such a state is usually called an empire or a kingdom; and we usually give this denomination to a large state only. But the same name is sometimes given to a kingdom or state in which the power of the king or supreme magistrate is limited by a constitution, or by fundamental laws. Such is the British monarchy. Hence we speak of absolute or despotic monarchies, and of limited monarchies.

A free government has a great advantage over a simple monarchy.

J. Adams.

2. A kingdom; an empire.

Shak.

Monastery

MON'ASTERY, noun [French monastÃƒ-¨re; Italian monastero; Spanish monasterio; Low Latin monasterium; Greek, from, sole, separate; Welsh mon.]

A house of religious retirement, or of seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns, whether an abbey, a priory or a nunnery. The word is usually applied to the houses of monks, mendicant friars and nuns.

Encyc.

Monastic

MONAS'TIC, or MONAS'TICAL, adjective [French monastique; Italian monastico; Low Latin monasticus; Greek, from, sole, separate.]

Pertaining to monasteries, monks and nuns; recluse; secluded from the temporal concerns of life and devoted to religion; as a monastic life; monastic orders.

Denham.

Monastic

MONAS'TIC, noun A monk.

Monastically

MONAS'TICALLY, adverb Reclusely; in a retired manner; in the manner of monks.

Swift.

Monasticism

MONAS'TICISM, noun Monastic life.

Milner.

Monday

MONDAY, noun [Saxon monandoeg; Dutch maandag; German montag; moon and day; being formerly sacred to that planet.] The second day of the week.

Monde

MONDE, noun [French] The world; also, a globe, an ensign of authority.

Drummond.

Monecian

MONE'CIAN, noun [Greek, sole, and, house.]

In botany, one of that class of plants, whose male and female flowers are on the same plant.

Monecian

MONE'CIAN, adjective Pertaining to the class of plants above described.

Money

MONEY, noun plu. moneys. [Saxon mynet; Dutch munt, mint; German mÃƒ-¼nze; Swedish mynt; Danish myndt, money or mint; French monnoie; Irish monadh; Welsh mwnai; Spanish moneda; Portugese moeda, contracted; Latin Italian moneta. Money and mint are the same word varied.]

1. Coin; stamped metal; any piece of metal, usually gold, silver or copper, stamped by public authority, and used as the medium of commerce. We sometimes give the name of money to other coined metals, and to any other material which rude nations use as a medium of trade. But among modern commercial nations, gold, silver and copper are the only metals used for this purpose. Gold and silver, containing great value in a small compass, and being therfore of easy conveyance, and being also durable and little liable to diminution by use, are the most convenient metals for coin or money, which is the representative of commodities of all kinds, of lands, and of every thing that is capable of being transferred in commerce.

2. Bank notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchangeable for coin or redeemable, are also called money; as such notes in modern times represent coin, and are used as a substitute for it. If a man pays in hand for goods in bank notes which are current, he is said to pay in ready money.

3. Wealth; affluence.

Money can neither open new avenues to pleasure, nor block up the passages of anguish.

Rambler.

Moneyage

MONEYAGE, noun Anciently, in England, a general land tax levied by the two first Norman kings, a shilling on each hearth.

Hume.

Money-Bag

MONEY-BAG, noun A bag or purse for holding money.

Addison.

Money-Box

MONEY-BOX, noun A box or till to hold money.

Money-Broker

MONEY-BROKER, noun A broker who deals in money.

Johnson.

Money-Changer

MONEY-CHANGER, noun A broker who deals in money or exchanges.

Arbuthnot.

Moneyed

MONEYED, adjective Rich in money; having money; able to command money; used often in opposition to such as have their wealth in real estate.

Invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants.

Bacon.

2. Consisting in money; as moneyed capital.

Hamilton's Report.

Moneyer

MONEYER, noun A banker; one who deals in money.

2. A coiner of money. [Little used in either sense.]

Money-Lender

MONEY-LENDER, noun One who lends money.

Moneyless

MONEYLESS, adjective Destitute of money; pennyless.

Swift.

Money-Matter

MONEY-MATTER, noun An account consisting of charges of money; an account between debtor and creditor.

Arbuthnot.

Money-Scrivener

MONEY-SCRIVENER, noun A person who raises money for others.

Arbuthnot.

Money-Spinner

MONEY-SPINNER, noun A small spider.

Money-Worth

MONEY-WORTH, noun Something that will bring money.

2. Full value; the worth of a thing in money.

Money-Wort

MONEY-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Lysimachia.

Monger

MONGER, noun [Saxon mangere, from mangian, to trade, Dutch manger.]

A trader; a dealer; now used only or chiefly in composition; as fish-monger, iron-monger, news-monger, cheese-monger.

Mongrel

MONGREL, adjective [from Saxon mengan, to mix. See Mingle.]

Of a mixed breed; of different kinds.

Swift.

Mongrel

MONGREL, noun An animal of a mixed breed.

Moniliform

MONIL'IFORM, adjective [Latin monile, a necklace, and form.]

Like a necklace.

Encyc.

Moniment

MON'IMENT, noun [Latin monimentum, from moneo, to admonish.]

1. An inscription; something to preserve memory. Obs.

2. A mark; an image; a superscription.

Spenser.

Monish

MON'ISH, verb transitive To admonish; to warn. [Not used.] [See Admonish.]

Monisher

MON'ISHER, noun An admonisher, which see.

Monishment

MON'ISHMENT, noun Admonition. Obs.

Monition

MONI'TION, noun [French from Latin monitio.]

1. Warning; instruction given by way of caution; as the monitions of a friend.

Swift.

2. Information; indication.

We have no visible monitions of other periods, such as we have of the day by successive light and darkness.

Holder.

Monitive

MON'ITIVE, adjective Admonitory; conveying admonition.

Barrow.

Monitor

MON'ITOR, noun [Latin] One who warns of faults or informs of duty; one who gives advice and instruction by way of reproof or caution.

You need not be a monitor to the king.

Bacon.

2. In schools, a person authorized to look to the scholars in the absence of the instructor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, or to instruct a division or class.

Monitory

MON'ITORY, adjective Giving admonition; warning; instructing by way of caution.

Losses, miscarriages and disappointments are monitory and instructive.

L'Estrange.

Monitory

MON'ITORY, noun Admonition; warning.

Bacon.

Monitress

MON'ITRESS, noun A female monitor.

Monk

MONK, noun [Greek, from, Welsh mon, sole, separate; whence Latin monachus; Saxon monec, munuc; French moine; Armoric mannach; Welsh mynaÃƒ-§; Sanscrit muni.]

A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the world, and devotes himself to religion. Monks usually live in monasteries, on entering which they take a vow to observe certain rules. Some however live as hermits in solitude, and others have lived a strolling life without any fixed residence.

Encyc.

Monkery

MONKERY, noun The life of monks; the monastic life.

Monkey

MONKEY, noun [Italian monicchio.] The popular name of the ape and baboon. But in zoology, monkey is more properly the name of those animals of the genus Simia, which have long tails. Ray distributes animals of this kind into three classes; apes which have no tails; monkeys with long tails; and baboons with short tails.

Encyc.

2. A name of contempt or of slight kindness.

Johnson.

Monkhood

MONKHOOD, noun The character of a monk.

Atterbury.

Monkish

MONKISH, adjective Like a monk, or pertaining to monks; monastic; as monkish manners; monkish dress; monkish solitude.

Monks Head

MONK'S HEAD, noun A plant of the genus Leontodon.

Monks Hood

MONK'S HOOD, noun A plant of the genus Aconitum.

Monks Rhubarb

MONK'S RHUBARB, noun A plant of the genus Rumex, a species of dock.

Monoceros

MONOC'EROS, noun [Greek, sole, and, horn.] The unicorn.

Monochord

MON'OCHORD, noun [Greek, sole, only, and, chord.]

A musical instrument of one string. As its name imports, it had originally but one string; but it is generally constructed with two, by means of which the musician is better enabled to try the proportions of sounds and intervals, and judge of the harmony of two tempered notes.

Encyc.

In the proper sense of the word, a trumpet marine is considered a monochord.

Monochromatic

MONOCHROMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, sole, and, color.]

Consisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color only.

Quart. Journ. Journ. of Science.

Monocotyle

MON'OCOTYLE, or MONOCOTYLED'ONOUS, adjective Having only one seed-lobe or seminal leaf.

Martyn. Milne.

Monocotyledon

MONOCOTYL'EDON, noun [Greek, sole, and, a hollow.]

In botany, a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-lobe.

Monocular

MONOC'ULAR, or MONOC'ULOUS, adjective [Greek, sole, and Latin oculus, eye.]

Having one eye only.

Howell.

Monocule

MON'OCULE, noun [supra.] An insect with one eye.

Pennant.

Monodon

MON'ODON, noun [Greek, having one tooth or shoot.]

The unicorn fish, or sea-unicorn, which has a remarkable horn projecting from its head. [This horn is really a tusk, of which there are two, but only one of them is usually developed. Cuvier.] It is called also the monoceros, or horned narwhal. Its usual size is from sixteen to twenty feet.

Encyc.

Monody

MON'ODY, noun [Greek; sole, and, song.] A song or poem sung by one person only.

Johnson.

Monogam

MON'OGAM, noun [Greek, sole, and, marriage.]

In botany, a plant that has a simple flower, though the anthers are united.

Lee.

Monogamian

MONOGAM'IAN, adjective Pertaining to the order of plants that have a simple flower.

Lee.

Monogamist

MONOG'AMIST, noun [supra.] One who disallows second marriages.

Johnson.

Monogamous

MONOG'AMOUS, adjective Having one wife only and not permitted to marry a second.

Monogamy

MONOG'AMY, noun [supra.] The marriage of one wife only, or the state of such as are restrained to a single wife.

Bp. Hall.

Monogram

MON'OGRAM, noun [Greek, sole, and, letter.]

A character or cypher composed of one, two or more letters interwoven, being an abbreviation of a name; used on seals, &c.

Encyc.

Monogrammal

MON'OGRAMMAL, adjective Sketching in the manner of a monogram.

Fotherby.

Monograph

MON'OGRAPH, noun [Greek, sole, and, to describe.]

An account or description of a single thing or class of things; as a monograph of violets in botany; a monograph of an Egyptian mummy.

Journ. of Science.

Monographic

MONOGRAPH'IC, or MONOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Drawn in lines without colors.

Bailey. Ash.

2. Pertaining to a monograph.

Monography

MONOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, sole, and, to describe.]

A description drawn in lines without colors. Qu. should not this be monogram?

Monogyn

MON'OGYN, noun [Greek, sole, and, a female.]

In botany, a plant having only one style or stigma.

Smith.

Monogynian

MONOGYN'IAN, adjective Pertaining to the order monogynia; having only one style or stigma.

Monologue

MONOLOGUE, n. mon'olog. [Greek; sole, and, speech.]

1. A soliloquy; a speech uttered by a person alone.

Dryden.

2. A poem, song or scene composed for a single performer.

Busby.

Monomachy

MONOM'ACHY, noun [Greek; sole, and, combat.] A duel; a single combat.

Monome

MON'OME, noun [Greek, sole, and, name.]

In algebra, a quantity that has one name only.

Harris.

Monomial

MONO'MIAL, noun In algebra, a quantity expressed by one name or letter.

Monopathy

MONOP'ATHY, noun [Greek, sole, and, suffering.] Solitary suffering or sensibility.

Whitlock.

Monopetalous

MONOPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, only, and, flower-leaf.]

In botany, having only one petal, or a onepetaled corol; as a monopetalous corol or flower.

Martyn.

Monophthong

MON'OPHTHONG, noun [Greek, sole, and, sound.] A simple vowel-sound.

Beattie.

Monophthongal

MONOPHTHON'GAL, adjective Consisting of a simple vowel-sound.

Beattie.

Monophyllous

MONOPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, sole, and, leaf.] Having one leaf only.

Monophysite

MONOPH'YSITE, noun [Greek, only, and, nature.]

One who maintains that Jesus Christ had but one nature, or that the human and divine nature were so united as to form one nature only.

Encyc.

Monopolist

MONOP'OLIST, or MONOP'OLIZER, noun [Spanish Italian monopolista. See Monopolize.]

One that monopolizes; a person who engrosses a commodity by purchasing the whole of that article in market for the purpose of selling it at an advanced price; or one who has a license or privilege granted by authority, for the sole buying or selling of any commodity. The man who retains in his hands his own produce or manufacture, is not a monopolist within the meaning of the laws for preventing monopolies.

Monopolize

MONOP'OLIZE, verb transitive [Greek, sole, and, to sell; French monopoler.]

1. To purchase or obtain possession of the whole of any commodity or goods in market with the view of selling them at advanced prices, and of having the power of commanding the prices; as, to monopolize sugar or tea.

2. To engross or obtain by any means the exclusive right of trading to any place, and the sole power of vending any commodity or goods in a particular place or country; as, to monopolize the India or Levant trade.

3. To obtain the whole; as, to monopolize advantages.

Federalist, Jay.

Monopoly

MONOP'OLY, noun [French monopole; Latin monopolium; Greek; and.]

The sole power of vending any species of goods, obtained either by engrossing the articles in market by purchase, or by a license from the government confirming this privilege. Thus the East India Company in Great Britain has a monopoly of the trade to the East Indies, granted to them by charter. Monopolies by individuals obtained by engrossing, are an offense prohibited by law. But a man has by natural right the exclusive power of vending his own produce or manufactures, and to retain that exclusive right is not a monopoly within the meaning of law.

Monoptote

MONOP'TOTE, noun [Greek, only, and, case.] A noun having only one oblique case.

Clarke.

Monospermous

MONOSPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, only, and, seed.] Having one seed only.

Monostich

MON'OSTICH, noun [Greek; only, and, verse.] A composition consisting of one verse only.

Monostrophic

MONOSTROPH'IC, adjective [Greek, having one strophe.]

Having one strophe only; not varied in measure; written in unvaried measure.

Mason.

Monosyllabic

MONOSYLLAB'IC, adjective [See Monosyllable.]

1. Consisting of one syllable; as monosylabic word.

2. Consisting of words of one syllable; as a monosyllabic verse.

Monosyllable

MONOSYL'LABLE, noun [Greek, only, and, a syllable.] A word of one syllable.

Monosyllabled

MONOSYL'LABLED, adjective Formed into one syllable.

Cleaveland.

Monotheism

MON'OTHEISM, noun [Greek, only, and, God.]

The doctrine or belief of the existence of one God only.

Asiat. Res.

Monothelite

MONOTH'ELITE, noun [Greek, one, and, will.]

One who holds that Christ had but one will.

Milner.

Monotone

MON'OTONE, noun [See Monotony.] In rhetoric, a sameness of sound, or the utterance of successive syllables on one unvaried key, without inflection or cadence.

Mason. E. Porter.

Monotonic

MONOTON'IC, adjective Monotonous. [Little used.]

Monotonous

MONOT'ONOUS, adjective Continued in the same tone without inflection or cadence; unvaried in tone.

Monotonously

MONOT'ONOUSLY, adverb With one uniform tone; without inflection of voice.

Nares.

Monotony

MONOT'ONY, noun [Greek; sole, and, sound.]

1. Uniformity of tone or sound; want of inflections of voice in speaking; want of cadence or modulation.

2. Uniformity; sameness.

At sea, every thing that breaks the monotony of the surrounding expanse attracts attention.

Irving.

Monsieur

MONSIEUR, noun [French] Sir; Mr.

Pope.

Monsoon

MONSOON', noun A periodical wind, blowing six months from the same quarter or point of the compass, then changing and blowing the same time from the opposite quarter. The monsoons prevail in the East Indies, and are called also trade winds. But we usually give the denomination of trade winds to those which blow the whole year from the same point, as the winds within the tropics on the Atlantic.

Monster

MON'STER, noun [Latin monstrum, from monstro, to show. So we say in English, a sight. See Muster.]

1. An animal produced with a shape or with parts that are not natural, as when the body is ill formed or distorted, or the limbs too few or too many, or when any part is extravagantly out of proportion, either through defect or excess.

2. Any unnatural production; something greatly deformed. Monsters are common in the vegetable kingdom.

Encyc.

3. A person so wicked as to appear horrible; one unnaturally wicked or mischievous. So a parricide is called a monster.

Monster

MON'STER, verb transitive To make monstrous. [Not used.]

Shak.

Monster-Taming

MON'STER-TAMING, adjective Taming monsters.

Hamilton.

Monstrosity

MONSTROS'ITY, noun The state of being monstrous, or out of the common order of nature.

We often read of monstrous births; but we see a greater monstrosity in education, when a father begets a son and trains him up into a beast.

South.

2. An unnatural production; that which is monstrous.

Fabri arranges distortions, gibbosities, tumors, &c. in the class of morbific monstrosities.

Encyc.

A monstrosity never changes the name or affects the immutability of a species.

Adanson.

Monstrous

MON'STROUS, adjective [Latin monstrosus.] Unnatural in form; deviating greatly from the natural form; out of the common course of nature; as a monstrous birth or production.

2. Strange; very wonderful; generally expressive of dislike.

Shak.

3. Enormous; huge; extraordinary; as a monstrous highth; a monstrous tree or mountain.

Pope.

4. Shocking to the sight or other senses; hateful.

Monstrous

MON'STROUS, adverb Exceedingly; very much; as monstrous hard; monstrous thick.

And will be monstrous witty on the poor.

Dryden.

[This use is colloquial and vulgar.]

Monstrously

MON'STROUSLY, adverb In a manner out of the common order of nature; hence, shockingly; terribly; hideously; horribly; as a man monstrously wicked.

2. To a great degree; enormously; extravagantly.

Who with his wife is monstrously in love.

Dryden.

Monstrousness

MON'STROUSNESS, noun The state of being monstrous.

2. Enormity; irregular nature or behavior.

Shak.

Montanic

MONTAN'IC, adjective [Latin montanus, from mons, mountain.]

Pertaining to mountains; consisting in mountains.

Kirwan.

Montanism

MON'TANISM, noun The tenets of Montanus.

Montanist

MON'TANIST, noun A follower of the heresiarch Montanus, a Phrygian by birth, who pretended he was inspired by the Holy Spirit and instructed in several points not revealed to the apostles. His sect sprung up in the second century.

Encyc.

Montanistic

MONTANIST'IC, adjective Pertaining to the heresy of Montanus.

Montanize

MON'TANIZE, verb intransitive To follow the opinions of Montanus.

Hooker.

Montant

MONT'ANT, noun [French from monter, to mount.]

A term in fencing.

Shak.

Montero

MONTE'RO, noun [Spanish montera.] A horseman's cap.

Bacon.

Monteth

MONTETH', noun A vessel in which glasses are washed; so called from the name of the inventor.

King.

Month

MONTH, noun [Saxon monath, from mona, the moon; Dutch maand; German monath; Swedish m?nad; Danish maaned; Latin mensis; Greek, a month, from, the moon.]

A space or period of time constituting a division of the year. Month originally signified the time of one revolution of the moon, a lunation, or the period from one change or conjunction of the moon with the sun to another, a period of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 5 seconds. This is the periodical month, or as we generally call it, the lunar month. In this sense we still use the word month. But we also apply the term to the space of time in which the sun passes through one sign, or a twelfth part of the zodiac. This period contains 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5 seconds, and is called a solar month. In the year, there are twelve solar months, and thirteen lunar months.

In popular language, four weeks are called a month, being nearly the length of the lunar month. A calendar month differs in some degree from a solar month; consisting of twenty eight, twenty nine, thirty or thirty one days, as the months stand in calendars or almanacks.

Monthly

MONTHLY, adjective Continued a month or performed in a month; as the monthly revolution of the moon.

2. Done or happening once a month, or every month; as the monthly concert of prayer; a monthly visit.

Monthly

MONTHLY, adverb Once a month; in every month. The moon changes monthly.

2. As if under the influence of the moon; in the manner of a lunatic. [Not used.]

Middleton.

Months-Mind

MONTH'S-MIND, noun Earnest desire; strong inclination.

Hudibras.

Montmartrite

MONTM`ARTRITE, noun A mineral of a yellowish color, occurring massive, and found at Montmartre, near Paris. It is soft, but resists the weather. It is a compound of the sulphate and carbonate of lime.

Ure.

Montoir

MONTOIR, noun [French] In horsemanship, a stone used for aiding to mount a horse.

Monument

MON'UMENT, noun [Latin monumentum, from moneo, to admonish or remind.]

1. Any thing by which the memory of a person or an event is preserved or perpetuated; a building, stone or other thing placed or erected to remind men of the person who raised it, or of a person deceased, or of any remarkable event; as a mausoleum, a pillar, a pyramid, a triumphal arch, a tombstone and the like. A pillar of 200 feet in highth, composed of Portland stone, was erected in London as a monument to preserve the memory of the great conflagration in 1666. A monument is erected on Bunker Hill to commemorate the battle of June 17, 1775.

2. A stone or a heap of stones or other durable thing, intended to mark the bounds of states, towns or distinct possessions, and preserve the memory of divisional lines.

New England.

3. A thing that reminds or gives notice.

Monumental

MONUMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to a monument; as a monumental inscription.

2. Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory.

Of pine or monumental oak.

Milton.

A work outlasting monumental brass.

Pope.

3. Belonging to a tomb; as monumental rest.

Crashaw.

Monumentally

MONUMENT'ALLY, adverb By way of memorial.

Gayton.

Mood

MOOD, noun [French mode; Latin modus. See Mode.]

1. The form of an argument; the regular determination of propositions according to their quantity, as universal or particular, and their quality, as affirmative or negative.

Watts. Encyc.

2. Style of music.

Milton. Encyc.

3. The variation of a verb to express manner of action or being. [See Mode.]

In the foregoing senses, and in all cases, this word when derived from the Latin modus, ought to be written mode, it being a distinct word from the following.

Mood

MOOD, noun [Gothic mod, anger; Saxon Swedish mod, the mind, a lofty mind, pride, violence; modig, proud, spirited; German muth, mind, mood, courage, mettle, spirit; Dutch moed; Danish mood, mod, heart, courage, mettle. We observe these words unite the sense of mind with that of spirit, courage, anger, for the primary sense is derived from moving, driving or rushing forward, or from exciting. We observe analogous cases in the Latin animus and Greek. Class Md. No. 19. 24. 25.]

1. Temper of mind; temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feeling; humor; as a melancholy mood; an angry mood; a suppliant mood.

Dryden. Addison.

2. Anger; heat of temper.

Hooker.

[In this sense little used, unless qualified by an adjective.]

Moodily

MOOD'ILY, adverb [from moody.] Sadly. Obs.

Moodiness

MOOD'INESS, noun Anger; peevishness.

Moody

MOOD'Y, adjective [Saxon modig, angry.] Angry; peevish; fretful; out of humor.

Every peevish moody malcontent.

Rowe.

2.Mental; intellectual; as moody food. Obs.

Shak.

3. Sad; pensive.

4. Violent; furious.

Moon

MOON, noun [Saxon mona; Gothic mena; Danish maane; Swedish m?na; Dutch maan; German mond; Greek, Doric,; Lapponic, mana.]

1. The heavenly orb which revolves round the earth; a secondary planet or satellite of the earth, whose borrowed light is reflected to the earth and serves to dispel the darkness of night. Its mean distance from the earth is 60 1/2 semidiameters of the earth, or 240,000 miles. Its revolution round the earth in 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, constitutes the lunar month.

2. A month. This is the sense in which rude nations use the name of the moon; as seven moons.

Half-moon, in fortification, a figure resembling a crescent.

Moon-Beam

MOON'-BEAM, noun A ray of light from the moon.

Dryden.

Moon-Calf

MOON'-CALF, noun A monster; a false conception.

Shak.

2. A mole or mass of fleshy matter generated in the uterus.

3. A dolt; a stupid fellow.

Dryden.

Mooned

MOON'ED, adjective Taken for the moon.

Milton.

Moonet

MOON'ET, noun A little moon.

Hall.

Moon-Eye

MOON'-EYE, noun An eye affected by the moon.

Moon-Eyed

MOON'-EYED, adjective Having eyes affected by the revolutions of the moon.

2. Dim-eyed; purblind.

Ainsworth.

Moon-Fish

MOON'-FISH, noun A fish whose tail is shaped like a half-moon.

Grew.

Moonish

MOON'ISH, adjective Like the moon; variable.

Shak.

Moonless

MOON'LESS, adjective Not favored with moonlight.

Dryden.

Moonlight

MOON'LIGHT, noun The light afforded by the moon.

Moonlight

MOON'LIGHT, adjective Illuminated by the moon; as moonlight revels.

Shak.

Moonling

MOON'LING, noun A simpleton.

B. Jonson.

Moonloved

MOON'LOVED, adjective Loved when the moon shines.

Milton.

Moon-Sad

MOON'-SAD, noun A plant of the genus Menispermum, having a rosaceous flower.

Miller.

Moonshine

MOON'SHINE, noun The light of the moon.

Dryden.

2. In burlesque, a month.

Shak.

A matter of moonshine, a matter of no consequence or of indifference.

Moonshine

MOON'SHINE, or MOON'SHINY, adjective Illuminated by the moon; as a fair moonshine night.

Clarendon.

I went to see them in a moonshiny night.

Addison.

Moonstone

MOON'STONE, noun A variety of adularia, of a white color, or a yellowish or greenish white, somewhat iridescent, found in blunt amorphous masses, or crystalized in truncated rhomboidal prisms, or in rectangular tables, or in hexahedral prisms beveled at both ends. The surface is often sulcated.

Kirwan.

Moonstruck

MOON'STRUCK, adjective Affected by the influence of the moon; lunatic; as moonstruck madness.

Milton.

Moon-Trefoil

MOON-TRE'FOIL, noun A plant of the genus Medicago.

Moon-Wort

MOON'-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Lunaria; satin-flower; honesty.

Moony

MOON'Y, adjective Lunated; having a crescent for a standard; in resemblance of the moon; as the moony troops or moony host of the sultans of Turkey.

Philips. Fenton.

Moor

MOOR, noun [Saxon mor, a mountain, a pool or lake, a plain; Dutch moer; German mohr; French mare; Danish myre.]

1. A tract of land overrun with heath.

Encyc.

2. A marsh; a fen; a tract of wet low ground, or ground covered with stagnant water.

Moor

MOOR, noun [Dutch moor; German mohr; French maure; Greek, dark, obscure.]

A native of the northern coast of Africa, called by the Romans from the color of the people, Mauritania, the country of darkcomplexioned people. The same country is now called Morocco, Tunis, Algiers, &c.

Moor

MOOR, verb transitive [Spanish Portugese amarra, a cable, and a command to belay or fasten; amarrar, to moor, as a ship; French amarrer; Armoric amarra; Dutch maaren; allied probably to Latin moror, French demeurer, to delay. It is composed of the same elements as the Saxon merran, amerran, amyrran, to hinder, to mar.]

To confine or secure a ship in a particular station, as by cables and anchors or by chains. A ship is never said to be moored, when she rides by a single anchor.

Mar. Dict.

Moor

MOOR, verb intransitive To be confined by cables or chains.

On oozy ground his galleys moor.

Dryden.

Moorcock

MOOR'COCK, or MOOR'FOWL, or MOOR'HEN, noun A fowl of the genus Tetrao, found in moors; red-game; gor-cock.

Moored

MOOR'ED, participle passive Made fast in a station by cables or chains.

Mooring

MOOR'ING, participle of the present tense Confining to a station by cables or chains.

Mooring

MOOR'ING, noun In seamen's language, moorings are the anchors, chains and bridles laid athwart the bottom of a river or harbor to confine a ship.

Moorish

MOOR'ISH, adjective Marshy; fenny; watery.

Along the moorish fens.

Thomson.

2. Pertaining to the Moors in Africa.

Moorland

MOOR'LAND, noun A marsh or tract of low watery ground.

Mortimer. Swift.

2. Land rising into moderate hills, foul, cold and full of bogs, as in Staffordshire, England.

Moorstone

MOOR'STONE, noun A species of granite.

Woodward.

Moory

MOOR'Y, adjective Marshy; fenny; boggy; watery.

As when thick mists arise from moory vales.

Fairfax.

Moose

MOOSE, n. moos. [a native Indian name.]

An animal of the genus Cervus, and the largest of the deer kind, growing sometimes to the highth of 17 hands, and weighing 1200 pounds. This animal has palmated horns, with a short thick neck, and an upright mane of a light brown color. The eyes are small, the ears a foot long, very broad and slouching; the upper lip is square, hangs over the lower one, and has a deep sulcus in the middle so as to appear bifid. This animal inhabits cold northern climates, being found in the American forests of Canada and New England, and in the corresponding latitudes of Europe and Asia. It is the elk of Europe.

Encyc.

Moot

MOOT, verb transitive [Saxon motian, to meet, to debate; Swedish m?ta, to meet, to fall, to come to or on; Gothic motyan. See Meet, of which this word is a different orthography. The sense of debate is from meeting, like encounter, from the French; for meeting gives rise to the sense of opposing, and the Danish mod and Swedish emot, against, a preposition answering to Latin contra, French contre, is from this root.]

To debate; to discuss; to argue for and against. The word is applied chiefly to the disputes of students in law, who state a question and discuss it by way of exercise to qualify themselves for arguing causes in court.

Moot

MOOT, verb intransitive To argue or plead on a supposed cause.

Moot

MOOT, or MOOT'-CASE, or MOOT'-POINT, noun A point, case or question to be mooted or debated; a disputable case; an unsettled question.

In this moot-case your judgment to refuse.

Dryden.

Mooted

MOOT'ED, participle passive Debated; disputed; controverted.

Mooter

MOOT'ER, noun A disputer of a mooted case.

Moot-Hall

MOOT'-HALL, or MOOT'-HOUSE, noun A town hall; hall of judgment. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Mooting

MOOT'ING, participle of the present tense Disputing; debating for exercise.

Mooting

MOOT'ING, noun The exercise of disputing.

Mop

MOP, noun [Welsh mop or mopa; Latin mappa.] A piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums or coarse yarn fastened to a handle and used for cleaning floors.

Swift.

2. A wry mouth. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mop

MOP, verb transitive To rub or wipe with a mop.

Mop

MOP, verb intransitive To make a wry mouth. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mope

MOPE, verb intransitive [I have not found this word, unless in the Dutch moppen, to pout.]

To be very stupid; to be very dull; to drowse; to be spiritless or gloomy.

Demoniac phrensy, moping melancholy.

Milton.

\s-\Or but a sickly part of one true sense Could not so mope.

Shak.

Mope

MOPE, verb transitive To make stupid or spiritless.

Mope

MOPE, noun A stupid or low spirited person; a drone.

Moped

MO'PED, participle passive Made stupid.

A young, low spirited, moped creature.

Locke.

Mope-Eyed

MO'PE-EYED, adjective [Qu. Greek.] Shortsighted; purblind.

Bramhall.

Moping

MO'PING, participle of the present tense Affected with dullness; spiritless; gloomy.

Mopish

MO'PISH, adjective Dull; spiritless; stupid; dejected.

Mopishness

MO'PISHNESS, noun Dejection; dullness; stupidity.

Moppet

MOP'PET, or MOP'SEY, noun [from mop; Latin mappa.] A rag-baby; a puppet made of cloth; a fondling name of a little girl.

Dryden.

Mopus

MO'PUS, noun A mope; a drone.

Swift.

Moral

MOR'AL, adjective [French Spanish moral; Italian morale; Latin moralis, from mos, moris, manner. The elements of this word are probably Mr.; but I know not the primary sense. The word coincides in elements with Arabic to pass, to walk.]

1. Relating to the practice, manners or conduct of men as social beings in relation to each other, and with reference to right and wrong. The word moral is applicable to actions that are good or evil, virtuous or vicious, and has reference to the law of God as the standard by which their character is to be determined. The word however may be applied to actions which affect only, or primarily and principally, a person's own happiness.

Keep at the least within the compass of moral actions, which have in them vice or virtue.

Hooker.

Mankind is broken loose from moral bands.

Dryden.

2. Subject to the moral law and capable of moral actions; bound to perform social duties; as a moral agent or being.

3. Supported by the evidence of reason or probability; founded on experience of the ordinary course of things; as moral certainty, distinguished from physical or mathematical certainty or demonstration.

Physical and mathematical certainty may be stiled infallible, and moral certainty may be properly stiled indubitable.

Wilkins.

Things of a moral nature may be proved by moral arguments.

Tillotson.

4. Conformed to rules of right, or to the divine law respecting social duties; virtuous; just; as when we say, a particular action is not moral.

5. Conformed to law and right in exterior deportment; as, he leads a good moral life.

6. Reasoning or instructing with regard to vice and virtue.

Whilst thou, a moral fool, sitt'st still and cri'st.

Shak.

7. In general, moral denotes something which respects the conduct of men and their relations as social beings whose actions have a bearing on each other's rights and happiness, and are therefore right or wrong, virtuous or vicious; as moral character; moral views; moral knowledge; moral sentiments; moral maxims; moral approbation; moral doubts; moral justice; moral virtue; moral obligations, &c. Or moral denotes something which respects the intellectual powers of man, as distinct from his physical powers. Thus we speak of moral evidence, moral arguments, moral persuasion, moral certainty, moral force; which operate on the mind.

Moral law, the law of God which prescribes the moral or social duties, and prohibits the transgression of them.

Moral sense, an innate or natural sense of right and wrong; an instinctive perception of what is right or wrong in moral conduct, which approves some actions and disapproves others, independent of education or the knowledge of any positive rule or law. But the existence of any such moral sense is very much doubted.

Paley. Encyc.

Moral philosophy, the science of manners and duty; the science which treats of the nature and condition of man as a social being, of the duties which result from his social relations, and the reasons on which they are founded.

Moral

MOR'AL, noun Morality; the doctrine or practice of the duties of life. [Not much used.]

Prior.

2. The doctrine inculcated by a fiction; the accommodation of a fable to form the morals.

The moral is the first business of the poet.

Dryden.

Moral

MOR'AL, verb intransitive To moralize. [Not in use.]

Moraler

MOR'ALER, noun A moralizer. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Moralist

MOR'ALIST, noun [Italian moralista; French moraliste.]

1. One who teaches the duties of life, or a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate moral duties.

Addison.

2. One who practices moral duties; a mere moral person.

Hammond.

Morality

MORAL'ITY, noun [French moralitÃƒ-¨.] The doctrine or system of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social character; ethics.

The system of morality to be gathered from the writings of ancient sages, falls very short of that delivered in the gospel.

Swift.

2. The practice of the moral duties; virtue. We often admire the politeness of men whose morality we question.

3. The quality of an action which renders it good; the conformity of an act to the divine law, or to the principles of rectitude. This conformity implies that the act must be performed by a free agent, and from a motive of obedience to the divine will. This is the strict theological and scriptural sense of morality. But we often apply the word to actions which accord with justice and human laws, without reference to the motives from which they proceed.

Moralization

MORALIZA'TION, noun Moral reflections, or the act of making moral reflections.

Warton.

2. Explanation in a moral sense.

Elyot.

Moralize

MOR'ALIZE, verb transitive [French moraliser; Spanish moralizar; Italian moralizzare.]

1. To apply to a moral purpose, or to explain in a moral sense.

This fable is moralized in a common proverb.

L'Estrange.

Did he not moralize this spectacle?

Shak.

2. To furnish with manners or examples.

Spenser.

3. To render moral or virtuous; to correct the morals of.

It had a large share in moralizing the poor white people of the country.

Ramsay.

[This sense, though the most strictly etymological, is rare, but not to be condemned.]

Moralize

MOR'ALIZE, verb intransitive To speak or write on moral subjects, or to make moral reflections.

Moralized

MOR'ALIZED, participle passive Applied to a moral purpose, or explained in a moral sense.

2. Rendered moral or less corrupt.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Moralizer

MOR'ALIZER, noun One who moralizes.

Moralizing

MOR'ALIZING, participle of the present tense Applying to a moral purpose, or explaining in a moral sense.

2. Making moral reflections in words or writing.

Moralizing

MOR'ALIZING, noun The application of facts to a moral purpose, or the making of moral reflections.

His moralizings are always pleasant, and he does not spare, where he thinks it useful to moralize.

Chaldee Obs.

Morally

MOR'ALLY, adverb In a moral or ethical sense; according to the rules of morality.

By good, morally so called, bonum honestum ought chiefly to be understood.

South.

2. Virtuously; honestly; according to moral rules in external deportment. He resolves to live morally.

3. According to the rules of the divine law. An action is not in strictness morally good, which does not proceed from good motives, or a principle of love and obedience to the divine law and to the lawgiver. Charity bestowed to gratify pride, or justice done by compulsion, cannot be morally good in the sight of God.

4. According to the evidence of human reason or of probabilities, founded on facts or experience; according to the usual course of things and human judgment.

It is morally impossible for a hypocrite to keep himself long on his guard.

L'Estrange.

From the nature of things, I am morally certain that a mind free from passion and prejudice is more fit to pass a true judgment than one biased by affection and interest.

Wilkins.

Morals

MOR'ALS, n. plu. The practice of the duties of life; as a man of correct morals.

2. Conduct; behavior; course of life, in regard to good and evil.

Some, as corrupt in their morals as vice could make them, have been solicitous to have their children virtuously and piously educated.

South.

What can laws do without morals?

Franklin.

Morass

MORASS', noun [Dutch moeras, from moer, a marsh; Swedish moras; German morast; Saxon mersc; French marais; from mare or moor, a tract of level ground.]

A marsh; a fen; a tract of low moist ground.

Watts. Thomson.

Morassy

MORASS'Y, adjective Marshy; fenny.

Pennant.

Moravian

MORA'VIAN, adjective Pertaining to Moravia.

Moravian

MORA'VIAN, noun One of a religious sect, called the United Brethren.

Morbid

MOR'BID, adjective [Latin morbidus, from morbus, a disease, from the root of morior, to die; Welsh marw, to die, from mar, laid flat. The sense of the verb then is to fall, fail or sink; Irish marbh, Welsh marw, dead. In Chaldee is to be sick. Class Mr. No. 12.]

Diseased; sickly; not sound and healthful; as morbid humors; a morbid constitution; a morbid state of the juices of a plant; a morbid sensibility.

Morbidness

MOR'BIDNESS, noun A state of being diseased, sickly or unsound.

Morbific

MORBIF'IC, or MORBIF'ICAL, adjective [French morbifique; Latin morbus, disease, and facio, to make.]

Causing disease; generating a sickly state; as morbific matter.

Morbillous

MORBIL'LOUS, adjective [Latin morbilli, measles, a medical term from morbus.]

Pertaining to the measles; measly; partaking of the nature of measles, or resembling the eruptions of that disease.

Morbose

MORBO'SE, adjective [Latin morbosus.] Proceeding from disease; unsound; unhealthy; as a morbose tumor or excrescence in plants.

Ray.

Morbosity

MORBOS'ITY, noun A diseased state.

Brown.

Mordacious

MORDA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin mordax, infra.] Biting; given to biting.

Evelyn.

Mordaciously

MORDA'CIOUSLY, adverb In a biting manner; sarcastically.

Waterhouse.

Mordacity

MORDAC'ITY, noun [Latin mordacitas, from mordeo, to bite.]

The quality of biting.

Mordant

MOR'DANT, noun [French biting.] A substance which has a chimical affinity for coloring matter and serves to fix colors; such as alum.

Fourcroy.

Mordicancy

MOR'DICANCY, noun A biting quality; corrosiveness.

Evelyn.

Mordicant

MOR'DICANT, adjective [French; from Latin mordeo, to bite.]

Biting; acrid; as the mordicant quality of a body.

Boyle.

Mordication

MORDICA'TION, noun [from Latin mordeo, to bite.]

The act of biting or corroding; corrosion.

Another cause is the mordication of the orifices, especially of the mesentery veins.

Bacon.

More

MORE, adjective [Saxon more, mara or mare, more or greater; Dutch meer; German mehr; Danish meere; Swedish mer. The Saxon ma and mo, in Chaucer, have the same sense. In Welsh mawr, Irish mor, signifies great, in the positive degree. The word may be contracted from mag, the root of Latin magis; mare, for mager; but this is conjecture.]

1. Greater in quality, degree or amount; in a general sense; as more land; more water; more courage; more virtue; more power or wisdom; more love; more praise; more light. It is applicable to every thing, material or immaterial.

2. Greater in number; exceeding in numbers; as more men; more virtues; more years.

The children of Israel are more than we. Exodus 1.

3. Greater.

The more part knew not why they had come together. Acts 19.

4. Added to some former number; additional.

But Montague demands one labor more.

Addison.

More

MORE, adverb To a greater degree.

Israel loved Joseph more than all his children. Genesis 37.

2. It is used with the.

They hated him yet the more. Genesis 37.

3. It is used to modify an adjective and form the comparative degree, having the same force and effect as the termination er, in monosyllables; as more wise; more illustrious; more contemptible; more durable. It may be used before all adjectives which admit of comparison, and must be used before polysyllables.

4. A second or another time; again. I expected to hear of him no more.

The dove returned not to him again any more. Genesis 8.

No more, not continuing; existing no longer; gone; deceased or destroyed. Cassius is no more. Troy is no more.

No more is used in commands, in an elliptical form of address. No more! that is, say no more; let me hear no more. In this use however, more, when the sentence is complete, is a noun or substitute for a noun.

Much more, in a greater degree or with more readiness; more abundantly.

More and more, with continual increase.

Amon trespassed more and more. 2 Chronicles 33.

More

MORE, a noun or substitute for a noun. A greater quantity, amount or number.

They gathered some more, some less. Exodus 16.

They were more who died by hail-stones, than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. Joshua 10.

God do so to thee and more also. 1 Samuel 3.

There were more than forty who had made this conspiracy. Acts 23.

2. Greater thing; other thing; something further. Here we rest; we can do no more. He conquered his enemies; he did more, be conquered himself.

More

MORE, verb transitive To make more.

Obs.

Gower.

Moreen

MOREE'N, noun A stuff used for curtains, &c.

Morel

MOREL', noun [Italian morella; French morelle.] Garden nightshade, a plant of the genus Solanum.

2. A kind of cherry.

Moreland

MORELAND. [See Moorland.]

Moreness

MO'RENESS, noun Greatness.

Obs.

Wickliffe.

Moreover

MOREO'VER, adverb [more and over.] Beyond what has been said; further; besides; also; likewise.

Moreover, by them is thy servant warned. Psalm 19.

Moresk

MORESK', or MORESQUE, adjective [French from Italian moresco, from Moro, a Moor.]

Done after the manner of the Moors.

Moresk

MORESK', noun A species of painting or carving done after the Moorish manner, consisting of grotesque pieces and compartments promiscuously interspersed.

Encyc.

Morglay

MOR'GLAY, noun [Latin mors, death, and Celtie glavie, sword.]

A deadly weapon.

Morgray

MOR'GRAY, noun A Mediterranean fish of a pale reddish gray color, spotted with brown and white. It is called also the rough hound-fish. It weighs about twenty ounces and is well tasted.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Morice

MORICE. [See Morisco.]

Morigeration

MORIGERA'TION, noun [See Morigerous.] Obsequiousness; obedience.

Obs.

Bacon.

Morigerous

MORIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin morigerus; mos, moris, manner, and gero, to carry.]

Obedient; obsequious. [Little used.]

Dict.

Moril

MOR'IL, noun [French morille.] A mushroom of the size of a walnut, abounding with little holes.

Encyc.

Morilliform

MORIL'LIFORM, adjective Having the form of the moril, a mushroom.

Morillon

MOR'ILLON, noun A fowl of the genus Anas.

Pennant.

Morinel

MOR'INEL, noun A bird, called also dotteril.

Moringa

MORIN'GA, noun A plant.

Morion

MOR'ION, noun [French from Italian morione.] Armor for the head; a helmet or casque to defend the head.

Raleigh. Dryden.

Morisco

MORIS'CO, or MO'RISK, noun [from Moor.] A dance, or a dancer of the morris or moorish dance. [See Morris.]

Shak.

Morkin

MOR'KIN, noun [Swedish murken, putrefied; or French mort, Latin mortuus, dead, and kin, kind.] Among hunters, a beast that has died by sickness or mischance.

Bailey.

Morland

MOR'LAND, or MO'RELAND, noun Moorland, which see.

Morling

MOR'LING, or MORT'LING, noun [French mort, dead.] Wool plucked from a dead sheep.

Ainsworth.

Mormo

MOR'MO, noun [Greek.] A bugbear; false terror.

Johnson.

Morn

MORN, noun [Sax, marne, margene, mergen, morgen, Danish Dutch German morgen, Swedish morgon, morn, morning or morrow. In Welsh mory, Irish marach is morrow; Scot. morn or morne, morrow. In Gothic meryan signifies to publish, that is, to open or throw forth; Orient.. In Russian morgayu signifies to wink or twinkle; Icelandic morgnar, to grow light.]

The first part of the day; the morning; a word used chiefly in poetry.

And blooming peace shall ever bless thy morn.

Prior.

Morning

MORN'ING, noun [Saxon margene, morgen. See Morn.]

1. The first part of the day, beginning at twelve o'clock at night and extending to twelve at night and extending to twelve at noon. Thus we say, a star rises at one o'clock in the morning. In a more limited sense, morning is the time beginning an hour or two before sunrise, or at break of day, and extending to the hour of breakfast and of beginning the labors of the day. Among men of business in large cities, the morning extends to the hour of dining.

2. The first or early part.

In the morning of life, devote yourself to the service of the Most High.

J. Clarke.

Morning

MORN'ING, adjective Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in the early part of the day; as morning dew; morning light; morning service.

She looks as clear

As morning roses newly washed with dew.

Shak.

Morning-Gown

MORNING-GOWN, noun A gown worn in the morning before one is formally dressed.

Addison.

Morning-Star

MORNING-STAR, noun The planet Venus, when it precedes the sun in rising, and shines in the morning.

Morocco

MOROC'CO, noun A fine kind of lether; lether dressed in a particular manner; said to be borrowed from the Moors.

Morose

MORO'SE, adjective [Latin morosus; Italian Spanish moroso, slow, tardy. In Portuguese, moroso signifies dwelling on lewd thoughts; morosidade, the act of dwelling on such thoughts. Morose then is from the root of Latin moror, to delay, stop, hinder, whence commoror, to dwell, French demeurer, demur, The customary sense then is derived from the gloomy, sullen temper formed by habitually fixing the thoughts on some object.]

Of a sour temper; severe; sullen and austere.

Some have deserved censure for a morose and affected taciturnity; others have made speeches though they had nothing to say.

Watts.

Morosely

MORO'SELY, adverb Sourly; with sullen austerity.

Moroseness

MORO'SENESS, noun Sourness of temper; sullenness. Moroseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness though often accompanied with it. It denotes more of silence and severity or ill humor, than the irritability or irritation which characterizes peevishness.

Learn good humor, never to oppose without just reason; abate some degree of pride and moroseness.

Watts.

Morosity

MOROS'ITY, noun Moroseness. [Not used.]

Shak.

Moroxylic

MOROX'YLIC, adjective Moroxylic acid is obtained from a saline exsudation from the morrus alba or white mulberry.

Morphew

MOR'PHEW, noun [Italian morfea.] A scurf on the face.

Morphew

MOR'PHEW, verb transitive To cover with scurf.

Bp. Hall.

Morphia

MOR'PHIA, noun A vegetable alkali extracted from opium, of which it constitutes the narcotic principle.

Bigelow. Ure.

Morrice

MOR'RICE, or MOR'RIS, or MOR'RIS-DANCE, noun [French moresque; from Moor.] A moorish dance; a dance in imitation of the Moors, as sarabands, chacons, &c. usually performed with castanets, tambours, &c. by young men in their shirts, with bells at their feet and ribins of various colors tied round their arms and flung across their shoulders.

Encyc.

Nine men's morrice, a kind of play with nine holes in the ground.

Shak.

Morris-Dancer

MOR'RIS-DANCER, noun One who dances a morris-dance.

Temple.

Morris-Pike

MOR'RIS-PIKE, noun A moorish pike.

Morrow

MOR'ROW, noun [Saxon morgen. But it seems rather to be the Welsh mory, morrow.]

1. The day next after the present.

Till this stormy night is gone,

And th' eternal morrow dawn.

Crashaw.

This word is often preceded by on or to.

The Lord did that thing on the morrow. Exodus 9.

To morrow shall this sign be. Exodus 8.

So we say, to night, to day. To morrow is equivalent to on the morrow.

2. The next day subsequent to any day specified.

But if the sacrifice of his offering shall be a vow or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice; and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten. Leviticus 7.

Good morrow, a term of salutation; good morning.

Morse

MORSE, n. mors. [Russian morj.] In zoology, the sea-horse or walrus, an animal of the genus Trichechus, which sometimes grows to the length of 18 feet. This animal has a round head, small mouth and eyes, thick lips, a short neck, and a body thick in the middle and tapering towards the tail. His skin is wrinkled, with short hairs thinly dispersed. His legs are short and loosely articulated, and he has five toes on each foot connected by webs. Teeth of this animal have been found which weighed thirty pounds. These animals are gregarious, but shy and very fierce when attacked. They inhabit the shores of Spitzbergen, Hudson's bay and other places in high northern latitudes.

Encyc.

Morsel

MOR'SEL, noun [from Latin morsus, a bite, from mordeo.]

1. A bite; a mouthful; a small piece of food.

Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired digestion.

South.

2. A piece; a meal; something to be eaten.

On these herbs and fruits and flowers

Feed first, on each beast next and fish and fowl,

No homely morsels.

Milton.

3. A small quantity of something not eatable. [Improper.]

Boyle.

Morsure

MOR'SURE, noun The act of biting.

Mort

MORT, noun [French See Mortal.] A tune sounded at the death of game.

Shak.

2. A salmon in his third year.

Todd.

Mortal

MOR'TAL, adjective [Latin mortalis, from mors, death, or morior, to die, that is, to fall; Welsh marw; French mourir; Armoric mervel; Italian morire: Spanish morir. See Class Mr. No. 12. 14.]

1. Subject to death; destined to die. Man is mortal.

2. Deadly; destructive to life; causing death, or that must cause death; as a mortal wound; mortal poison.

The fruit

Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste

Brought death into the world, and all our woeÃ‚--

Milton.

3. Bringing death; terminating life.

Safe in the hand of one disposing power,

Or in the natal or the mortal hour.

Pope.

4. Deadly in malice or purpose; as a mortal foe. In colloquial language, a mortal foe is an inveterate foe.

5. Exposing to certain death; incurring the penalty of death; condemned to be punished with death; not venial; as a mortal sin.

6. Human; belonging to man who is mortal; as mortal wit or knowledge; mortal power.

The voice of God

To mortal ear is dreadful.

Milton.

7. Extreme; violent. [Not elegant.]

The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal frightÃ‚--

Dryden.

Mortal

MOR'TAL, noun Man; a being subject to death; a human being.

Warn poor mortals left behind.

Tickel.

It is often used in ludicrous and colloquial language.

I can behold no mortal now.

Prior.

Mortality

MORTAL'ITY, noun [Latin mortalitas.] Subjection to death or the necessity of dying.

When I saw her die,

I then did think on your mortality.

Carew.

2. Death.

Gladly would I meet

Mortality, my sentence.

Milton.

3. Frequency of death; actual death of great numbers of men or beasts; as a time of great mortality.

Graunt.

4. Human nature.

Take these tears, mortality's relief.

Pope.

5. Power of destruction.

Mortality and mercy in Vienna,

Live in thy tongue and heart.

Shak.

Mortalize

MOR'TALIZE, verb transitive To make mortal.

Broome.

Mortally

MOR'TALLY, adverb Irrecoverably; in a manner that must cause death; as mortally wounded.

Dryden.

2. Extremely.

Adrian mortally envied poets, painters and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein to excel.

Bacon.

Mortar

MOR'TAR, noun [Latin mortarium; French mortier; Spanish mortero; Italian mortaio; Danish morter; Dutch mortier; German mÃƒ-¶rser; Russian morter; Armoric mortez; Irish moirteal; allied perhaps to French marteau, Spanish martillo, a hammer, and named from beating. See Class Mr. No. 10. 16. 25.]

1. A vessel of wood or metal in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or bruised with a pestle.

2. A short piece of ordnance, thick and wide, used for throwing bombs, carcases, shells, &c.; so named from its resemblance in shape to the utensil above described.

Mortar

MOR'TAR, noun [Dutch mortel; French mortier; German mÃƒ-¶rtel; Spanish mortero; Irish moirteal. In other languages, as in English, the orthography of this word and of the last is the same, and perhaps this name is taken from beating and mixing.]

A mixture of lime and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones and bricks in walls. If the lime is slaked and the materials mixed with lime water, the cement will be much stronger.

Encyc.

Mort d'ancestor. [French death of the ancestor.] In law, a writ of assize, by which a demandant recovers possession of an estate from which he has been ousted, on the death of his ancestor.

Blackstone.

Morter

MOR'TER, noun [French mortier.] A lamp or light. Obs.

Chaucer.

Mortgage

MORTGAGE, n. mor'gage. [French mort, dead, and gage, pledge.]

1. Literally, a dead pledge; the grant of an estate in fee as security for the payment of money, and on the condition that if the money shall be paid according to the contract, the grant shall be void, and the mortgagee shall re-convey the estate to the mortgager. Formerly the condition was, that if the mortgager should repay the money at the day specified, he might then re-enter on the estate granted in pledge; but the modern practice is for the mortgagee, on receiving payment, to reconvey the land to the mortgager. Before the time specified for payment, that is, between the time of contract and the time limited for payment, the estate is conditional, and the mortgagee is called tenant in mortgage; but on failure of payment at the time limited, the estate becomes absolute in the mortgagee. But in this case, courts of equity interpose, and if the estate is of more value than the debt, they will on application grant a reasonable time for the mortgager to redeem the estate. This is called the equity of redemption.

Blackstone.

2. The state of being pledged; as lands given in mortgage.

[The term mortgage is applicable only to real estate.]

Mortgage

MORTGAGE, v. t. mor'gage. To grant an estate in fee as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a certain time, on condition that if the debt shall be discharged according to the contract, the grant shall be void, otherwise to remain in full force. It is customary to give a mortgage for securing the repayment of money lent, or the payment of the purchase money of an estate, or for any other debt.

2. To pledge; to make liable to the payment of any debt or expenditure.

Already a portion of the entire capital of the nation is mortgaged for the support of drunkards.

Latin Beecher.

Mortgaged

MORTGAGED, pp. mor'gaged. Conveyed in fee as security for the payment of mo-money.

Mortgagee

MORTGAGEE, n. morgagee'. The person to whom an estate is mortgaged.

Mortgager

MORTGAGER, n. mor'gager. [from mortgage. Mortgagor is an orthography that should have no countenance.]

The person who grants an estate as security for a debt, as above specified.

Mortiferous

MORTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin mortifer; mors, death, and fero, to bring.]

Bringing or producing death; deadly; fatal; destructive.

Hammond.

Mortification

MORTIFICA'TION, noun [French See Mortify.]

1. In medicine and surgery, the death and consequent putrefaction of one part of an animal body, while the rest is alive; or the loss of heat and action in some part of a living animal, followed by a dissolution of organic texture; gangrene; sphacelus. Mortification is the local or partial death of a living animal body, and if not arrested, soon extinguishes life in the whole body. We usually apply mortification to the local extinction of life and loss of organic texture in a living body. The dissolution of the whole body after death, is called putrefaction.

2. In Scripture, the act of subduing the passions and appetites by penance, abstinence or painful severities inflicted on the body. The mortification of the body by fasting has been the practice of almost all nations, and the mortification of the appetites and passions by self-denial is always a christian duty.

3. Humiliation or slight vexation; the state of being humbled or depressed by disappointment, vexation, crosses, or any thing that wounds or abases pride.

It is one of the vexatious mortifications of a studious man to have his thoughts disordered by a tedious visit.

L'Estrange.

We had the mortification to lose sight of Munich, Augsburg and Ratisbon.

Addison.

4. Destruction of active qualities; applied to metals. [See Mortify; but I believe not used.]

Bacon.

Mortified

MOR'TIFIED, participle passive Affected by sphacelus or gangrene.

2. Humbled; subdued; abased.

Mortifiedness

MOR'TIFIEDNESS, noun Humiliation; subjection of the passions.

Taylor.

Mortifier

MOR'TIFIER, noun He or that which mortifies.

Mortify

MOR'TIFY, verb transitive [French mortifier; Italian mortificare; Spanish mortificar; Latin mors, death, and facio, to make.]

1. To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of some part of a living animal; to change to sphacelus or gangrene. Extreme inflammation speedily mortifies flesh.

2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodily appetites by abstinence or rigorous severities.

We mortify, ourselves with fish.

Brown.

With fasting mortified, worn out with tears.

Harte.

3. To subdue; to abase; to humble; to reduce; to restrain; as inordinate passions.

Mortify thy learned lust.

Prior.

Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth. Colossians 3.

4. To humble; to depress; to affect with slight vexation.

How often is the ambitious man mortified with the very praises he receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought.

Addison.

He is controlled by a nod, mortified by a frown, and transported with a smile.

Addison.

5. To destroy active powers or essential qualities.

He mortified pearls in vinegarÃ‚--

Hakewill.

QuicksilverÃ‚--mortified with turpentine.

Bacon.

[I believe this application is not now in use.]

Mortify

MOR'TIFY, verb intransitive To lose vital heat and action and suffer the dissolution of organic texture, as flesh; to corrupt or gangrene.

2. To be subdued.

Johnson.

3. To practice severities and penance from religious motives.

This makes him give alms of all that he hath, watch, fast and mortify.

Law.

Mortifying

MOR'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Changing from soundness to gangrene or sphacelus.

2. Subduing; bumbling; restraining.

3. adjective Humiliating; tending to humble or abase. He met with a mortifying repulse.

Mortise

MORTISE, n. mor'tis. [French mortaise; Armoric mortez; Spanish mortaja; Irish mortis. The Armoric mortez signifies both a mortar and a mortise, and the Spanish mortaja signifies a mortise and a winding sheet or shroud. In the latter sense, the Portuguese use mortalha, from mortal. These alliances indicate that these words are all from the root of mors, death, which may be from beating or throwing down.]

A cut or hollow place made in timber by the augur and chisel, to receive the tenon of another piece of timber.

Mortise

MOR'TISE, verb transitive To cut or make a mortise in.

2. To join timbers by a tenon and mortise; as, to mortise a beam into a post, or a joist into a girder.

Mortised

MOR'TISED, participle passive Having a mortise; joined by a mortise and tenon.

Mortising

MOR'TISING, participle of the present tense Making a mortise; uniting by a mortise and tenon.

Mortmain

MORT'MAIN, noun [French mort, dead, and main, hand.]

In law, possession of lands or tenements in dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate. Alienation in mortmain is an alienation of lands or tenements to any corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, particularly to religious houses, by which the estate becomes perpetually inherent in the corporation and unalienable.

Blackstone.

Mortpay

MORT'PAY, noun [French mort, dead, and pay.] Dead pay; payment not made. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Mortress

MOR'TRESS, noun [from mortar.] A dish of meat of various kinds beaten together. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Mortuary

MOR'TUARY, noun [French mortuaire, pertaining to the dead.]

1. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot, a customary gift claimed by and due to the minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. It seems to have been originally a voluntary bequest or donation, intended to make amends for any failure in the payment of tithes of which the deceased had been guilty.

Blackstone.

2. A burial place.

Whitlock.

Mortuary

MOR'TUARY, adjective Belonging to the burial of the dead.

Mosaic

MOSA'IC, a. s as z. [French mosaique; Italian mosaico; Spanish mosayco; Latin musivum.]

1. Mosaic work is an assemblage of little pieces of glass, marble, precious stones, &c. of various colors, cut square and cemented on a ground of stucco, in such a manner as to imitate the colors and gradations of painting.

Encyc.

2. [from Moses.] Pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites; as the Mosaic law, rites or institutions.

Moschatel

MOS'CHATEL, noun [from Greek, Latin muscus, musk.]

A plant of the genus Adoxa, hollow root or inglorious. There is one species only, whose leaves and flowers smell like musk; and hence it is sometimes called musk-crowfoot.

Encyc.

Mosk

MOSK, noun [French mosquÃƒ-©e; Italian moschea; Spanish mezquita; Arabic masjidon, from sajada, to bend, bow, adore.]

A Mohammedan temple or place of religious worship. Mosks are square buildings, generally constructed of stone. Before the chief gate is a square court paved with white marble, and surrounded with a low gallery whose roof is supported by pillars of marble. In this gallery the worshipers wash themselves before they enter the mosk.

Encyc.

Moss

MOSS, noun [Saxon meos; German moos; Dutch mos; Swedish mossa; Welsh mwswg, from mws, that shoots up, and of a strong scent; Latin muscus; Greek. The two latter signify moss and musk, both from shooting out; hence Italian musco, muschio; Spanish musco; Portugese

musgo; French mousse. The Greek word signifies also a young animal, and a shoot or twig. From the French mousse, comes mousseline, muslin, from its softness or resemblance to moss. Lunier says it is from Mossoul, a city of Mesopotamia.]

The mosses are one of the seven families or classes into which all vegetables are divided by Linne in the Philosophia Botanica. In Ray's method, the mosses form the third class, and in Tournefort's, they constitute a single genus. In the sexual system, they are the second order of the class cryptogamia, which contains all the plants in which the parts of the flower and fruit are wanting or not conspicuous.

Milne.

The mosses, musci, form a natural order of small plants, with leafy stems and narrow simple leaves. Their flowers are generally monecian or diecian, and their seeds are contained in a capsule covered with a calyptra or hood.

Ed. Encyc.

The term moss is also applied to many other small plants, particularly lichens, species of which are called tree-moss, rock-moss, coral-moss, &c. The fir-moss and club-moss are of the genus Lycopodium.

2. [Swedish m?se.] A bog; a place where peat is found.

Moss

MOSS, verb transitive To cover with moss by natural growth.

An oak whose boughs were mossed with age.

Shak.

Moss-Clad

MOSS'-CLAD, adjective Clad or covered with moss.

Littleton.

Mossed

MOSS'ED, participle passive Overgrown with moss.

Moss-Grown

MOSS-GROWN, adjective Overgrown with moss; as moss-grown towers.

Mossiness

MOSS'INESS, noun [from mossy.] The state of being overgrown with moss.

Bacon.

Moss-Trooper

MOSS'-TROOPER, noun [moss and trooper.] A robber; a bandit.

Bp. of Dromore.

Mossy

MOSS'Y, adjective Overgrown with moss; abounding with moss.

Old trees are more mossy than young.

Bacon.

2. Shaded or covered with moss, or bordered with moss; as mossy brooks; mossy fountains.

Pope. Cowley.

Most

MOST, a. superl. of more. [Saxon moest, that is, ma and est; Gothic maists; Dutch Danish meest; German meist; Swedish mest, m?st.]

1. Consisting of the greatest number. That scheme of life is to be preferred, which presents a prospect of the most advantages with the fewest inconveniences.

Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness. Proverbs 20.

2. Consisting of the greatest quantity; greatest; as the most part of the land or the mountain.

Most

MOST, adverb In the greatest or highest degree. Pursue that course of life which will most tend to produce private happiness and public usefulness. Contemplations on the works of God expand the mind and tend to produce most sublime views of his power and wisdom.

As most is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before any adjective; as most vile, most wicked, most illustrious.

Most

MOST, noun [used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun is omitted or understood.]

1. The greatest number or part.

Then he began to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done. Matthew 11.

[This use seems to have resulted from the omission of part, or some similar word, and most in this case signifies greatest, that is, the greatest part.]

2. The most, the greatest value, amount or advantage, or the utmost in extent, degree or effect.

A covetous man makes the most of what he has, and can get.

L'Estrange.

At the most, the greatest degree or quantity; the utmost extent. Stock brings six percent, interest at the most, often less.

Mostic

MOS'TIC, noun [German mahlerstock, contracted.] A painter's staff or stick on which he rests his hand in painting.

Ainsworth.

Mostly

MOSTLY, adverb For the greatest part. The exports of the U.States consist mostly of cotton, rice, tobacco, flour and lumber.

Mostwhat

MOSTWHAT, adverb For the most part. Obs.

Hammond.

Mot

MOT. [See Motto.]

Motacil

MO'TACIL, noun [Latin motacilla.] A bird of the genus Motacilla or wagtail.

Mote

MOTE, in folkmote, &c. signifies a meeting, Saxon mot, gemot.

Mote

MOTE, noun [Saxon mot; Spanish mota; Welsh ysmot, a patch or spot.]

A small particle; any thing proverbially small; a spot.

Why beholdest thou the mote in thy brother's eye? Matthew 7.

The little motes in the sun do ever stir, though there is no wind.

Bacon.

Mote

MOTE, for mought, might or must, obsolete.

Spenser.

Motet

MO'TET, noun [French] A musical composition; an air or hymn.

Herbert.

Moth

MOTH, noun [Saxon mogthe, mohth, moth or matha; Gothic matha; Dutch mot; German motte.]

1. An animal of the genus Phalaena, which breeds in yarn and garments, and often does injury by eating the substance and destroying the texture. Matthew 6.

The name is also applied to the whole genus.

2. Figuratively, that which gradually and silently eats, consumes or wastes any thing. Idle persons are a moth to the community.

Motheat

MOTH'EAT, verb transitive [moth and eat.] To eat or prey upon, as a moth eats a garment.

Herbert.

Motheaten

MOTH'EATEN, adjective Eaten by moths. Job 13.

Mothen

MOTH'EN, adjective Full of moths. [Not in use.]

Falke.

Mother

MOTHER, noun [Saxon moder; Dutch moeder, mother, and modder, mud; baar-moeder, the womb; moer, mother, dam, womb, lees; moerspul, hysterics; [moer seems to be a contraction of moeder;] moeder-naakt, stark naked; German mutter, mother, and the thick slimy concretion in vinegar; bÃƒ-¤rmutter, the womb or matrix; mutter-fieber, a hysteric fit; mutter-lamm and mutter-schaf, a ewe or female sheep; mutter-flecken and mutter-mahl, a mole; mutter-pferd, a mare, the female of the horse kind; mutter-scheide, the vagina; mutter-nackt, stark naked; moder, mud, mold.

Swedish moder, mother; vin-moder, mother of wine; moderfall, prolapsus uteri; moderlif, the womb or matrix.

Danish moder, mother; moderskeede, the vagina;

modern i quinder, the matrix; modder or mudder, mud.

Irish mathair, a mother, and matter, pus.

Greek mother, and matrix.

Latin mater, mother; matrix, the womb; materia, matter, stuff, materials of which any thing is made.

Italian madre, mother, cause, origin, root, spring, a mold or form for castings; matera or materia, matter, subject, cause; matrice, the matrix.

Spanish madre, mother, matrix, womb, the bed of a river, a sink or sewer; madriz, matrix; materia, matter, purulent running.

Portugese madre, a mother, the matrix, the channel of a river; materia, matter, pus.

Pers. madar, a mother.

Sanscrit mada, madra, meddra or mata, mother.

Russian mat, mother; matka, a female, a matrix.

French mere, mother, contracted from the Latin.

Welsh madrez, matter, purulent discharge.

We observe that in some other languages, as well as in English, the same word signifies a female parent, and the thick slime formed in vinegar; and in all the languages of Europe here cited, the orthography is nearly the same as that of mud and matter. The question then occurs whether the name of a female parent originated in a word expressing matter, mold; either the soil of the earth, as the producer, or the like substance, when shaped and fitted as a mold for castings; or whether the name is connected with the opinion that the earth is the mother of all productions; whence the word motherearth. We are informed by a fragment of Sanchoniation, that the ancient Phenicians considered mud, to be the substance from which all things were formed. See Mud. The word matter is evidently from the Arabic madda, to secrete, eject or discharge a purulent substance; and I think cannot have any direct connection with mud. But in the Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, the same word madre signifies mother, and a mold for castings; and the northern languages, particularly the German and Danish, seem to establish the fact that the proper sense of mother is matrix. Hence mother of pearl, the matrix of pearl. If this word had its origin in the name of the earth used for the forms of castings, it would not be a singular fact; for our word mold, in this sense, I suppose to be so named from mold, fine earth. The question remains sub judice.]

1. A female parent; especially, one of the human race; a woman who has borne a child; correlative to son or daughter.

2. That which has produced any thing.

Alas, poor country! it cannot

Be called our mother, but our grave.

Shak.

So our native land is called mother country, and a plant from which a slip or coin is taken, is called the mother plant. In this use, mother may be considered as an adjective.

3. That which has preceded in time; the oldest or chief of any thing; as a mother church.

4. Hysterical passion. [Not used.]

Graunt.

5. A familiar term of address or appellation of an old woman or matron.

6. An appellation given to a woman who exercises care and tenderness towards another, or gives parental advice; as when one says, ``a woman has been a mother to me.'

7. A thick slimy substance concreted in liquors, particularly in vinegar, very different from scum or common lees.

Mother

MOTHER, of pearl, noun The matrix of pearl; the shell in which pearls are generated; a species of Mytilus or Mussel.

Encyc.

Mother

MOTHER, of thyme, noun A plant of the genus Thymus.

Mother

MOTHER, adjective Native; natural; received by birth; as mother-wit.

2. Native; vernacular; received from parents or ancestors; as mother-tongue.

Mother

MOTHER, verb intransitive To concrete, as the thick matter of liquors.

Dryden.

Mother

MOTHER, verb transitive To adopt as a son or daughter.

Howell.

Motherhood

MOTHERHOOD, noun The state of being a mother.

Donne.

Mother-in-Law

MOTHER-IN-LAW, noun The mother of a husband or wife.

Motherless

MOTHERLESS, adjective Destitute of a mother; having lost a mother; as motherless children.

Motherly

MOTHERLY, adjective Pertaining to a mother; as motherly power or authority.

Hooker.

2. Becoming a mother; tender; parental; as motherly love or care.

Arbuthnot.

Motherly

MOTHERLY, adverb In the manner of a mother.

Donne.

Mother-Water

MOTHER-WATER, noun A fluid remaining after the evaporation of salt water, and containing deliquescent salts and impurities.

Ure.

Mother-Wit

MOTHER-WIT, noun Native wit; common sense.

Mother-Wo

MOTHER-WO, noun A plant of the genus Leonurus.

Mothery

MOTHERY, adjective Concreted; resembling or partaking of the nature of mother; as the mothery substance in liquors.

Mothmullen

MOTH'MULLEN, noun A plant.

Miller.

Mothwort

MOTH'WORT, noun A plant.

Mothy

MOTH'Y, adjective [from moth.] Full of moths; as an old mothy saddle.

Shak.

Motion

MO'TION, noun [Latin motio; French motion. See Move.] The act or process of changing place; change of local position; the passing of a body from one place to another; change of distance between bodies; opposed to rest.

Animal motion is that which is performed by animals in consequence of volition or an act of the will; but how the will operates on the body in producing motion, we cannot explain. Mechanical motion is effected by the force or power of one body acting on another. Perpetual motion is that which is effected or supplied by itself, without the impulse or intervention of any external cause. Hitherto it has been found impossible to invent a machine that has this principle.

2. Animal life and action.

Devoid of sense and motion.

Milton.

3. Manner of moving the body; port; gait; air.

Each member move and every motion guide.

Blackmore.

4. Change of posture; action.

Watching the motion of her patron's eye.

Dryden.

5. Military march or movement.

Milton.

6. Agitation; as the motions of the sea.

7. Internal action; excitement; as the motions of the breast.

Gay.

8. Direction; tendency.

In our proper motion we ascend.

Milton.

9. The effect of impulse; action proceeding from any cause, external or internal. In the growth of plants and animals, there must be a motion of the component parts, though invisible. Attraction or chimical affinity produces sensible motion of the parts of bodies. Motions of the mind ascribed to the invisible agency of the Supreme Being, are called good motions.

Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God.

South.

10. Proposal made; proposition offered; particularly, a proposition made in a deliberative assembly. A motion is made for a committee; a motion for introducing a bill; a motion to adjourn.

11. A puppet-show or puppet. [Not used.]

Shak.

Motion

MO'TION, verb transitive To propose. [Little used. See Move.]

Motioner

MO'TIONER, noun A mover. [Not used.]

Motionless

MO'TIONLESS, adjective Wanting motion; being at rest.

I grow a statue, fixed and motionless.

Dryden.

Motive

MO'TIVE, adjective [See the Noun.] Causing motion; having power to move or tending to move; as a motive argument; motive power.

Hooker. Bentley.

Motive

MO'TIVE, noun [Italian Spanish Portugese motivo; French motif. See Move.]

1. That which incites to action; that which determines the choice, or moves the will. Thus we speak of good motives, and bad motives; strong and weak motives. The motive to continue at rest is ease or satisfaction; the motive to change is uneasiness, or the prospect of good.

2. That which may or ought to incite to action; reason; cause.

3. A mover. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Motivity

MOTIV'ITY, noun The power of producing motion.

Motley

MOT'LEY, adjective [Welsh ysmot, a spot; ysmotiaw, to spot, to dapple; Spanish motear, id.; mote.]

1. Variegated in color; consisting of different colors; dappled; as a motley coat.

Shak.

2. Composed of different or various parts, characters or kinds; diversified; as a motley style.

And doubts of motley hue.

Dryden.

[This word primarily means spotted; but it may signify also striped.]

Motor

MO'TOR, noun [Latin from moveo, to move.] A mover. The metals are called motors of electricity.

Volta.

Motory

MO'TORY, adjective Giving motion; as motory muscles.

Ray.

Motto

MOT'TO, noun [Italian id.; Spanish Portugese mote; French mot; Saxon moethelan, to speak; Irish meadhair, talk, discourse; Gothic mathlei, id.; Greek,.]

Primarily, a word; but more commonly, a sentence or phrase prefixed to an essay or discourse, containing the subject of it, or added to a device.

In heraldry, the motto is carried in a scroll, alluding to the bearing or to the name of the bearer, or expressing some important idea.

Mould

MOULD, an incorrect orthography. [See Mold, and its derivatives.]

Moult

MOULT. [See Molt.]

Mounch

MOUNCH, or MAUNCH, verb transitive To chew. Obs. Chaucer.

Mound

MOUND, noun [Saxon mund; Welsh mwnt, from mwn; Latin mons. See Mount.]

Something raised as a defense or fortification, usually a bank of earth or stone; a bulwark; a rampart or fence.

God has thrown

That mountain as his garden mound, high raised.

Milton.

To thrid the thickets or to leap the mounds.

Dryden.

Mound

MOUND, verb transitive To fortify with a mound.

Johnson.

Mounded

MOUND'ED, participle passive Surrounded or defended by mounds.

The lakes high mounded.

J. Barlow.

Mounding

MOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Defending by a mound.

Mount

MOUNT, noun [French mont; Saxon munt; Italian Portugese Spanish monte; Armoric menez, mene; Welsh mwnt, a mount, mountain or mound, a heap; Latin mons, literally a heap or an elevation; Irish moin or muine; Basque, mendia. Qu. Greek.]

1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the common surface of the surrounding land. Mount is used for an eminence or elevation of earth, indefinite in highth or size, and may be a hillock, hill or mountain. We apply it to Mount Blanc, in Switzerland, to Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke, in Massachusetts, and it is applied in Scripture to the small hillocks on which sacrifice was offered, as well as to Mount Sinai. Jacob offered sacrifice on the mount or heap of stones raised for a witness between him and Laban. Genesis 31.

2. A mound; a bulwark for offense or defense.

Hew ye down trees and cast a mount against Jerusalem. Jeremiah 6.

3. Formerly, a bank or fund of money.

Obs.

Bacon.

Mount

MOUNT, verb intransitive [French monter; Italian montare; Spanish montar.]

1. To rise on high; to ascend; with or without up.

Doth the eagle mount up at thy command? Job 39.

The fire of trees and houses mounts on high.

Cowley.

2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to be built to a great altitude.

Though Babylon should mount up to heaven. Jeremiah 51.

3. To get on horseback.

Shak.

4. To leap upon any animal.

5. To amount; to rise in value.

Bring then these blessings to a strict account, Make fair deductions, see to what they mount

Pope.

Mount

MOUNT, verb transitive To raise aloft; to lift on high.

What power is it which mounts my love so high?

Shak.

2. To ascend; to climb; to get upon an elevated place; as, to mount a throne.

3. To place one's self on horseback; as, to mount a horse.

4. To furnish with horses; as, to mount a troop. The dragoons were well mounted.

5. To put on or cover with something; to embellish with ornaments; as, to mount a sword.

6. To carry; to be furnished with; as, a ship of the line mounts seventy four guns; a fort mounts a hundred cannon.

7. To raise and place on a carriage; as, to mount a cannon.

To mount guard, to take the station and do the duty of a sentinel.

Mountain

MOUNT'AIN, noun [French montagne; Spanish montaÃƒ-±a; Italian montagna; Latin adjective, montanus.]

A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or adjacent land, but of no definite altitude. We apply mountain to the largest eminences on the globe; but sometimes the word is used for a large hill. In general, mountain denotes an elevation higher and larger than a hill; as the Altaic mountains in Asia, the Alps in Switzerland, the Andes in South America, the Alleghany mountains in Virginia, the Kaatskill in New-York, the White mountains in New-Hampshire, and the Green mountains in Vermont. The word is applied to a single elevation, or to an extended range.

Mountain

MOUNT'AIN, adjective Pertaining to a mountain; found on mountains; growing or dwelling on a mountain; as mountain air; mountain pines; mountain goats.

Mountain-Blue

MOUNT'AIN-BLUE, noun Malachite; carbonate of copper.

Mountaineer

MOUNTAINE'ER, or MOUNT'AINER, adjective An inhabitant of a mountain.

2. A rustic; a freebooter; a savage.

Milton.

Mountainet

MOUNT'AINET, noun A small mountain; a hillock. [Not used.]

Mountain-Green

MOUNT'AIN-GREEN, noun A carbonate of copper.

Mountainous

MOUNT'AINOUS, adjective Full of mountains; as the mountainous country of the Swiss.

2. Large as a mountain; huge; as a mountainous heap.

Prior.

3. Inhabiting mountains. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Mountainousness

MOUNT'AINOUSNESS, noun The state of being full of mountains.

Brerewood.

Mountain-Parsley

MOUNT'AIN-PARSLEY, noun A plant of the genus Athamanta.

Lee.

Mountain-Rose

MOUNT'AIN-ROSE, noun A plant.

Mountain-Soap

MOUNT'AIN-SOAP, noun A mineral of a pale brownish black color.

Ure.

Mountant

MOUNT'ANT, adjective [French mountant.] Rising on high.

Shak.

Mountebank

MOUNT'EBANK, noun [Italian montare, to mount, and banco, bench.]

1. One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, vends medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies, and thus deludes the ignorant multitude. Persons of this character may be indicted and punished.

2. Any boastful and false pretender.

Nothing so impossible in nature, but mountebanks will undertake.

Arbuthnot.

Mountebank

MOUNT'EBANK, verb transitive To cheat by boasting and false pretenses; to gull.

Shak.

Mountebankery

MOUNT'EBANKERY, noun Quackery; boastful and vain pretenses.

Hammond.

Mounted

MOUNT'ED, participle passive Raised; seated on horseback; placed on a carriage; covered or embellished; furnished with guns.

Mountenaunce

MOUNT'ENAUNCE, noun Amount in space. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Mounter

MOUNT'ER, noun One that mounts or ascends.

Swift.

Mounting

MOUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Rising; soaring; placing on horseback; ascending an eminence; embellishing.

Mountingly

MOUNT'INGLY, adverb By rising or ascending.

Mounty

MOUNT'Y, noun The rise of a hawk.

Sidney.

Mourn

MOURN, verb intransitive [Saxon murnan, myrnan; Latin moereo; allied perhaps to German, Dutch murren, to murmur; French morne, sad, sullen. See Murmur, and the root of amarus, bitter. Class Mr. No. 7.]

1. To express grief or sorrow; to grieve; to be sorrowful. Mourning may be expressed by weeping or audible sounds, or by sobs, sighs or inward silent grief.

Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to weep. Gen. 23.

Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted. Matthew 5.

2. To wear the customary habit of sorrow.

We mourn in black.

Shak.

Grieve for an hour perhaps, then mourn a year.

Pope.

Mourn

MOURN, verb transitive To grieve for; to lament. But there is an ellipsis of for, the verb not being transitive. When we say, we mourn a friend or a child, the real sense and complete phrase is, we mourn for a friend, or mourn for the loss of a friend. ``He mourn'd his rival's ill success,' that is, he mourned for his rival's ill success.

Addison.

2. To utter in a sorrowful manner.

The love lorn nightingale

Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well.

Milton.

Mourne

MOURNE, n. morn.] [French morne.] The round end of a staff; the part of a lance to which the steel is fixed, or the ferrel. [Not used.]

Sidney. Johnson.

Mourner

MOURNER, noun One that mourns or is grieved at any loss or misfortune.

2. One that follows a funeral in the habit of mourning.

L'Estrange.

3. Something used at funerals.

The mourner eugh and builder oak were there.

Dryden.

Mournful

MOURNFUL, adjective Intended to express sorrow, or exhibiting the appearance of grief; as a mournful bell; mournful music.

Shak. Dryden.

No funeral rites nor man in mournful weeds.

Shak.

2. Causing sorrow; sad; calamitous; as a mournful death.

Shak.

3. Sorrowful; feeling grief.

The mournful fairÃ‚--

Shall visit her distinguished urn.

Prior.

Mournfully

MOURNFULLY, adverb In a manner expressive of sorrow; with sorrow. Malachi 3.

Mournfulness

MOURNFULNESS, noun Sorrow; grief; state of mourning.

2. Appearance or expression of grief.

Mourning

MOURNING, participle of the present tense Grieving; lamenting; sorrowing; wearing the appearance of sorrow.

Mourning

MOURNING, noun The act of sorrowing or expressing grief; lamentation; sorrow.

2. The dress or customary habit worn by mourners.

And ev'n the pavements were with mourning hid.

Dryden.

Mourning-Dove

MOURNING-DOVE, noun A species of dove found in the U. States, the Columba Caroliniensis.

Mourningly

MOURNINGLY, adverb With the appearance of sorrow.

Shak.

Mouse

MOUSE, noun plu. mice. [Saxon Swedish mus; Dutch muis; German maus; Danish mus, muus; Latin mus; Greek; Russian mishe. The Latin mus forms muris in the genitive, and the root is not obvious.]

1. A small animal of the genus Mus, inhabiting houses. The name is also applied to many other species of the genus, as the field mouse, meadow mouse, rock mouse, &c.

2. Among seamen, a knob formed on a rope by spun yarn or parceling.

Mar. Dict.

Mouse

MOUSE, v. i. mouz. To catch mice.

Shak.

Mouse

MOUSE, v. t. mouz. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse.

To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small line across the upper part to prevent unhooking.

Mar. Dict.

Mouse-Ear

MOUSE-EAR, n. mous'-ear. A plant of the genus Hieracium; also, a plant of the genus Myosotis, called likewise mouse-ear scorpion grass. The mouse-ear chickweed is of the genus Cerastium.

Lee. Encyc.

Mouse-Hole

MOUSE-HOLE, n. mous'hole. A hole where mice enter or pass; a very small hole or entrance.

He can creep in at a mouse-hole.

Stillingfleet.

Mouse-Hunt

MOUSE-HUNT, n. mous'-hunt. A hunting for mice.

2. A mouser; one that hunts mice.

Shak.

Mouser

MOUSER, n. mouz'er. One that catches mice. The cat is a good mouser.

Mouse-Tail

MOUSE-TAIL, n. mous'-tail. A plant of the genus Myosurus.

Mouse-Trap

MOUSE-TRAP, n. mous'-trap. A trap for catching mice.

Prior.

Mouth

MOUTH, noun [Saxon muth. As this word does not occur in the other Teutonic dialects, and as n is sometimes casually introduced into words before dentals, it is not improbable that the Gothic munths, German Danish mund, Swedish mun, and Dutch mond, may be the same word. The Saxon muth coincides in elements with motto, Greek.]

1. The aperture in the head of an animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice and receives food. In a more general sense, the mouth consists of the lips, the gums, the insides of the cheeks, the palate, the salival glands, the uvula and tonsils.

Encyc.

2. The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied; as the mouth of a jar or pitcher.

3. The part or channel of a river by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into a lake. The Mississippi and the Nile discharge their waters by several mouths.

4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end, by which the charge issues.

5. The aperture of a vessel in animal bodies, by which fluids or other matter is received or discharged; as the mouth of the lacteals.

6. The opening or entrance of a cave, pit, well or den. Danish viii.

7. The instrument of speaking; as, the story is in every body's mouth.

South. Locke.

8. A principal speaker; one that utters the common opinion.

Every coffee house has some statesman belonging to it, who is the mouth of the street where he lives.

Addison.

9. Cry; voice.

The fearful dogs divide,

All spend their mouth aloft, but none abide.

Dryden.

10. In Scripture, words uttered. Job 19. Isaiah 49. Psalm 73.

11. Desires; necessities. Psalm 103.

12. Freedom and boldness of speech; force of argument. Luke 21.

13. Boasting; vaunting. Judges 9.

14. Testimony. Deuteronomy 17.

15. Reproaches; calumnies. Job 5.

To make a mouth, or To make mouths, to distort the mouth; to make a wry face; hence, to deride or treat with scorn.

Shak. Addison.

2. To pout; to treat disdainfully.

Down in the mouth, dejected; mortified.

L'Estrange.

To have God's law in the mouth, to converse much on it and delight in it. Exodus 13.

To draw near to God with the mouth, to make an external appearance of devotion and worship, while there is no regard to him in the heart. Isaiah 29.

A froward mouth, contradictions and disobedience. Proverbs 4.

A smooth mouth, soft and flattering language. Proverbs 5.

To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent; to put to shame; to confound. Romans 3.

To lay the hand on the mouth, to be struck silent with shame. Micah 7.

To set the mouth against the heavens, to speak arrogantly and blasphemously. Psalm 73.

Mouth

MOUTH, verb transitive To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; as, to mouth words or language.

Twitch'd by the sleeve, he mouths it more and more.

Dryden.

2. To take into the mouth; to seize with the mouth.

Dryden.

3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to devour.

Shak.

4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub. [Not used.]

Brown.

5. To reproach; to insult.

Blair.

Mouth

MOUTH, verb intransitive To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate; to rant; as a mouthing actor.

Dryden.

I'll bellow out for Rome and for my country,

And mouth at Cesar, till I shake the senate.

Addison.

Mouthed

MOUTH'ED, participle passive Uttered with a full, swelling, affected voice.

2. Taken into the mouth; chewed.

3. adjective Furnished with a mouth; used chiefly in composition; as well-mouthed; foul-mouthed, contumelious, reproachful or obscene; mealy-mouthed, bashful, reserved in speaking the plain truth; hard-mouthed, as a horse, not obedient to the bit, difficult to be restrained or governed by the bridle.

4. Borne down or overpowered by clamor.

Mouthfriend

MOUTH'FRIEND, noun One who professes friendship without entertaining it; a pretended friend.

Shak.

Mouthful

MOUTH'FUL, noun As much as the mouth contains at once.

2. A quantity proverbially small; a small quantity.

L'Estrange. Dryden.

Mouthhonor

MOUTH'HONOR, noun Civility expressed without sincerity.

Shak.

Mouthing

MOUTH'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering with an affected swelling voice.

Mouthless

MOUTH'LESS, adjective Destitute of a mouth.

Mouthmade

MOUTH'MADE, adjective Expressed without sincerity; hypocritical.

Mouthpiece

MOUTH'PIECE, noun The piece of a musical wind instrument to which the mouth is applied.

2. One who delivers the opinions of others.

Movable

MOVABLE, adjective [from move.] That may be moved; that can or may be lifted, carried, drawn, turned or conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture; susceptible of motion.

2. That may or does change from one time to another; as a movable feast.

A movable letter, in Hebrew grammar, is one that is pronounced, as opposed to one that is quiescent.

Movableness

MOVABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being movable; mobility; susceptibility of motion.

Movables

MOVABLES, n. plu. Goods, wares, commodities, furniture; any species of property not fixed, and thus distinguished from houses and lands.

Movably

MOVABLY, adverb So that it may be moved.

Grew.

Move

MOVE, v. t. moov. [Latin moveo; Italian movere; Spanish mover; French mouvoir; Welsh mudaw. It is probably a contracted word. Class Md.]

1. To impel; to carry, convey or draw from one place to another; to cause to change place or posture in any manner or by any means. The wind moves a ship; the cartman moves goods; the horse moves a cart or carriage. Mere matter cannot move itself. Machines are moved by springs, weights, or force applied.

2. To excite into action; to affect; to agitate; to rouse; as, to move the passions.

3. To cause to act or determine; as, to move the will.

4. To persuade; to prevail on; to excite from a state of rest or indifference.

Minds desirous of revenge were not moved with gold.

Knolles.

But when no female arts his mind could move,

She turn'd to furious hate her impious love.

Dryden.

5. To excite tenderness, pity or grief in the heart; to affect; to touch pathetically; to excite feeling in.

The use of images in orations and poetry is to move pity or terror.

Felton.

When he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on themÃ‚-- Matthew 9.

6. To make angry; to provoke; to irritate.

Shak.

7. To excite tumult or commotion.

When they had come to Bethlehem, all the city was moved about them. Ruth 1. Matthew 21.

8. To influence or incite by secret agency.

God moved them to depart from him. 2 Chronicles 18:2 Peter 1.

9. To shake; to agitate.

The kingdoms were moved. Psalm 46. Jeremiah 49.

10. To propose; to offer for consideration and determination; as, to move a resolution in a deliberative assembly.

11. To propose; to recommend.

They are to be blamed alike who move and who decline war upon particular respects.

Hayward.

12. To prompt; to incite; to instigate. Acts 17.

Move

MOVE, verb intransitive To change place or posture; to stir; to pass or go in any manner or direction from one place or part of space to another. The planets move in their orbits; the earth moves on its axis; a ship moves at a certain rate an hour. We move by walking, running or turning; animals move by creeping, swimming or flying.

On the green bank I sat and listened long,

Nor till her lay was ended could I move.

Dryden.

2. To have action.

In him we live, and move, and have our being. Acts 17.

3. To have the power of action.

Every moving thing that liveth, shall be meat for you. Genesis 9.

4. To walk.

He moves with manly grace.

Dryden.

5. To march. The army moved and took a position behind a wood.

6. To tremble; to shake.

The foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. Psalm 18.

7. To change residence. Men move with their families from one house, town or state to another.

Move

MOVE, noun The act of moving; the act of transferring from place to place, as in chess.

Cowley.

Moved

MOVED, participle passive Stirred; excited.

Moveless

MOVELESS, adjective That cannot be moved; fixed.

The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower.

Pope.

Movement

MOVEMENT, noun [French mouvement.] Motion: a passing, progression, shaking, turning or flowing; any change of position in a material body; as the movement of an army in marching or maneuvering; the movement of a wheel or a machine.

2. The manner of moving.

3. Excitement; agitation; as the movement of the mind.

Pope.

4. In music, any single strain or part having the same measure or time.

Any change of time is a change of movement.

Busby.

Movent

MO'VENT, adjective [Latin movens.] Moving; not quiescent. [Little used.]

Grew.

Movent

MO'VENT, noun That which moves any thing. [Little used.]

Glanville.

Mover

MOVER, noun The person or thing that gives motion or impels to action.

Shak. Wilkins.

2. He or that which moves.

3. A proposer; one that offers a proposition, or recommends any thing for consideration or adoption; as the mover of a resolution in a legislative body.

Moving

MOVING, participle of the present tense Causing to move or act; impelling; instigating; persuading; influencing.

2. adjective Exciting the passions or affections; touching; pathetic; affecting; adapted to excite or affect the passions; as a moving address or discourse.

Moving

MOVING, noun Motive; impulse.

South.

Movingly

MOVINGLY, adverb In a manner to excite the passions or affect sensibility; pathetically.

His air, his voice, his looks and honest soul,

Speak all so movingly in his behalf.

Addison.

Movingness

MOVINGNESS, noun The power of affecting, as the passions.

Mow

MOW, noun [Saxon mowe or muga; Italian mucchio, a heap or mass; Spanish mucho, much; Swedish mycken, many, much.]

A heap, mass or pile of hay deposited in a barn.

[We never give this name to hay piled in the field or open air. The latter is called a stack or rick.]

Mow

MOW, verb transitive To lay hay in a heap or mass in a barn, or to lay it in a suitable manner.

Mow

MOW, verb transitive pret. mowed; pp. mowed or mown. [Saxon mawan; Dutch maaijen or maayen; Swedish meya; Danish mejer; German mÃƒ-¤hen. In Spanish and Portugese mochar is to cut off. The Latin has meto, and the Greek, to mow or reap. The last radical letter is not ascertained.]

1. To cut down with a sythe, as grass or other plants. We say, to mow grass.

2. To cut the grass from; as, to mow a meadow.

3. To cut down with speed; to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers or quantity. We say, a discharge of grape shot mows down whole ranks of men. Hence Saturn or Time is represented with a sythe, an emblem of the general and indiscriminate destruction of the human race by death.

Mow

MOW, verb intransitive To cut grass; to practice mowing; to use the sythe. Does the man mow well?

2. To perform the business of mowing; to cut and make grass into hay; to gather the crop of grass, or other crop.

[In America, mow is not applied to the cutting of wheat or rye. When these are cut with a sythe, they are said to be cradled. Oats and barley are sometimes mowed.]

Mow

MOW, noun [from mouth.] A wry face. Obs.

Shak.

Mow

MOW, verb intransitive To make mouths. Obs.

Ascham.

Mowburn

MOW'BURN, verb intransitive To heat and ferment in the mow, as hay when housed too green.

Mortimer.

Mowe

MOWE, verb intransitive To be able; must; may. Obs.

Chaucer.

Mowed

MOWED, or MOWN, participle passive Cut with a sythe.

2. Cleared of grass with a sythe, as land.

Mower

MOWER, noun One who mows; a man dextrous in the use of the sythe.

Mowing

MOW'ING, participle of the present tense Putting into a mow.

Mowing

MOWING, participle of the present tense Cutting down with a sythe.

Mowing

MOWING, noun The act of cutting with a sythe.

2. Land from which grass is cut.

Moxa

MOX'A, noun The down of the mugwort of China; a soft lanuginous substance prepared in Japan from the young leaves of a species of Artemisia. In the eastern countries, it is used for the gout, &c. by burning it on the skin. This produces a dark colored spot, the exulceration of which is promoted by applying a little garlic.

Encyc. Coxe.

Moyle

MOYLE, noun A mule. [See Mule.]

Much

MUCH, adjective [Swedish mycken; Spanish mucho; Italian mucchio. See Mow. The sense is probably a heap or mass, and it may be allied to mickle, great, Greek.]

1. Great in quantity or amount.

Thou shalt carry much seed into the field, and gather but little in. Deuteronomy 28.

Manasseh wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord to provoke him to anger. 2 Kings 21.

Return with much riches to your tents. Joshua 22.

2. Long in duration. How much time is spent in trifling amusements!

3. Many in number.

Edom came out against him with much people. Numbers 20.

[This application of much is no longer used.]

Much

MUCH, adverb In a great degree; by far; qualifying adjectives of the comparative degree; as much more, much stronger, much heavier, much more splendid, much higher. So we say, much less, much smaller, much less distinguished, much weaker, much finer.

2. To a great degree or extent; qualifying verbs and participles.

Jonathan, Saul's son, delighted much in David. 1 Samuel 19.

It is a night to be much observed. Exodus 12.

The soul of the people was much discouraged because of the way. Numbers 21.

A much afflicted, much enduring man.

Pope.

3. Often or long.

Think much, speak little.

Dryden.

4. Nearly.

All left the world much as they found it.

Temple.

Much

MUCH, noun A great quantity; a great deal.

He that gathered much had nothing over. Exodus 16.

To whom much is given, of him much shall be required. Luke 12.

They have much of the poetry of Maecenas, but little of his liberality.

Dryden.

2. More than enough; a heavy service or burden.

He thought not much to clothe his enemies.

Milton.

Who thought it much a man should die of love.

Dryden.

3. An uncommon thing; something strange.

It was much that one who was so great a lover of peace should be happy in war.

Bacon.

As much, an equal quantity; used as an adjective or noun. Return as much bread as you borrowed. If you borrow money, return as much as you receive. So we say, twice as much, five times as much, that is twice or five times the quantity.

2. A certain or suitable quantity.

Then take as much as thy soul desireth. 1 Samuel 2.

3. To an equal degree; adverbially. One man loves power as much as another loves gold.

So much, an equal quantity or a certain quantity, as a noun; to an equal degree, or to a certain degree, as an adverb.

Of sweet cinnamon half so much. Exodus 30.

In all Israel, there was none to be so much praised as Absalom. 2 Samuel 14.

Too much, an excessive quantity, as a noun; to an excessive degree, as an adverb.

To make much of, to value highly; to prize or to treat with great kindness and attention.

Milner.

2. To fondle.

Much at one, nearly of equal value, effect or influence.

Dryden.

Muchwhat

MUCHWHAT, adverb Nearly; almost. [Not elegant.]

Lucke.

Mucic

MU'CIC, adjective [from mucus.] The mucic acid is the same as the saccholactic. It is obtained from gums, &c.

Ure.

Mucid

MU'CID, adjective [Latin mucidus, from muceo.] Musty; moldy; slimy.

Mucidness

MU'CIDNESS, noun Mustiness; sliminess.

Ainsworth.

Mucilage

MU'CILAGE, noun [French from Latin mucus, the slimy discharges from the nose; muceo, to grow moldy or musty; Italian mucillaggine; Spanish mucilago. The Latin mucus, in Irish is smug; smugaim, to blow the nose. It is probably allied to muck; Hebrew Chaldee or, to dissolve, to putrefy. Class Mg. No. 8. 10.]

1. In chimistry, one of the proximate elements of vegetables. The same substance is a gum when solid, and a mucilage when in solution.

Thomson.

Both the ingredients improve one another; for the mucilage adds to the lubricity of the oil, and the oil preserves the mucilage from inspissation.

Ray.

Mucilage is obtained from vegetable or animal substances.

Nicholson.

2. The liquor which moistens and lubricates the ligaments and cartilages of the articulations or joints in animal bodies.

Encyc.

Mucilaginous

MUCILAG'INOUS, adjective Pertaining to or secreting mucilage; as the mucilaginous glands.

Encyc.

2. Slimy; ropy; moist, soft and lubricous; partaking of the nature of mucilage; as a mucilaginous gum.

Grew.

Mucilaginousness

MUCILAG'INOUSNESS, noun Sliminess; the state of being mucilaginous.

Mucite

MU'CITE, noun A combination of a substance with mucous acid.

Parke.

Muck

MUCK, noun [Saxon meox, miox; Danish mÃƒ-¶g, dung; mug, mold, soil; Latin mucus; qu. from moisture or putrefaction. In Welsh mwg is smoke, which may be allied to muggy, from dissolving, wasting. So in French fumer, to smoke, to dung or muck. See the Hebrew and Chaldee verbs under mucilage. In Russian mochu is to moisten, and makayu, to dip, to soak.]

1. Dung in a moist state, or a mass of dung and putrefied vegetable matter.

With fattening muck besmear the roots.

Philips.

2. Something mean, vile or filthy.

To run a muck, to run madly and attack all we meet.

Pope. Dryden.

Running a muck, is a phrase derived from the Malays, (in whose language amock signifies to kill,) applied to desperate persons who intoxicate themselves with opium and then arm themselves with a dagger and attempt to kill all they meet.

Ed. Encyc.

Muck

MUCK, verb transitive To manure with muck.

Tusser.

Muckender

MUCK'ENDER, noun [Spanish mocadero, from moco, mucus; French mouchoir.]

A pocket handkerchief. [Not used.]

Dorset.

Mucker

MUCK'ER, verb transitive [from muck.] To scrape together money by mean labor or shifts. [Not used in America.]

Muckerer

MUCK'ERER, noun A miser; a niggard. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Muckheap

MUCK'HEAP, or MUCK'HILL, noun A dunghill.

Burton.

Muckiness

MUCK'INESS, noun Filthiness; nastiness.

Johnson.

Muckle

MUCK'LE, adjective [Saxon mycel.] Much.

Obs.

Mucksweat

MUCK'SWEAT, noun Profuse sweat.

Johnson.

Muckworm

MUCK'WORM, noun A worm that lives in muck.

2. A miser; one who scrapes together money by mean labor and devices.

Bunyan.

Mucky

MUCK'Y, adjective Filthy; nasty.

Spenser.

Mucoso-Saccharine

MUCOSO-SAC'CHARINE, adjective Partaking of the qualities of mucilage and sugar.

Fourcroy.

Mucous

MU'COUS, adjective [See Mucus.] Pertaining to mucus or resembling it; slimy, ropy and lubricous; as a mucous substance.

2. Secreting a slimy substance; as the mucous membrane.

The mucous membrane lines all the cavities of the body which open externally, and secretes the fluid called mucus.

Bichat.

Mucousness

MU'COUSNESS, noun The state of being mucous; sliminess.

Mucronate

MU'CRONATE, or MU'CRONATED, adjective [Latin mucronatus, from mucro, a point.]

Narrowed to a point; terminating in a point.

Woodward.

Muculent

MU'CULENT, adjective [Latin muculentus.] Slimy; moist and moderately viscous.

Mucus

MU'CUS, noun [Latin See Mucilage and Muck.]

1. A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous membrane, which it serves to moisten and defend. It covers the lining membranes of all the cavities which open externally, such as those of the mouth, nose, lungs, intestinal canal, urinary passages, &c. It differs from gelatine.

Parr. Ure.

In the action of chewing, the mucus mixeth with the aliment.

Arbuthnot.

2. This term has also been applied to other animal fluids of a viscid quality, as the synovial fluid, which lubricates the cavities of the joints.

Mud

MUD, noun [Dutch modder; German moder. See Mother..,. Mot, id est, mod; Phoenices ita scribebant. Bochart, Phoen. Lib. 2. Chap. 2.

This is said to be a fragment of Sanchoniathon's Phenician history, translated by Philo and preserved by Eusebius. This Phenician word mod, rendered in Greek, is precisely the English mud, the matter, material or substance of which, according to the ancients, all things were formed. See Castel. Col. 2010, and the word mother. Plutarch, de Iside, says the Egyptians called Isis muth, that is, mother. This is a remarkable fact, and proves beyond controversy the common origin of the Phenician, Celtic and Teutonic nations. Mud may perhaps be named from wetness, and be connected with Latin madeo, Greek, Welsh mwydaw, to wet.]

Moist and soft earth of any kind, such as is found in marshes and swamps, at the bottom of rivers and ponds, or in highways after rain.

Mud

MUD, verb transitive To bury in mud or slime.

Shak.

2. To make turbid or foul with dirt; to stir the sediment in liquors.

Glanville.

Muddily

MUD'DILY, adverb [from muddy.] Turbidly; with foul mixture.

LuciliusÃ‚--writ loosely and muddily.

Dryden.

Muddiness

MUD'DINESS, noun Turbidness; foulness caused by mud, dirt or sediment; as the muddiness of a stream.

Addison.

Muddle

MUD'DLE, verb transitive [from mud.] To make foul, turbid or muddy, as water.

He did ill to muddle the water.

L'Estrange.

2. To intoxicate partially; to cloud or stupefy, particularly with liquor.

He was often drunk, always muddled.

Arbuthnot.

Epicurus seems to have had his brains muddled.

Bentley.

Muddled

MUD'DLED, participle passive Made turbid; half drunk; stupefied.

Muddling

MUD'DLING, participle of the present tense Making foul with dirt or dregs; making half drunk; stupefying.

Muddy

MUD'DY, adjective [from mud.] Foul with dirt or fine earthy particles; turbid, as water or other fluids; as a muddy stream. Water running on fine clay always appears muddy.

2. Containing mud; as a muddy ditch; a muddy road.

Shak.

3. Dirty; dashed, soiled or besmeared with mud; as muddy boots.

4. Consisting of mud or earth; gross; impure; as this muddy vesture of decay.

Shak.

5. Dark; of the color of mud; as muddy cheeks.

Swift.

6. Cloudy in mind; dull; heavy; stupid.

Dost think I am so muddy?

Shak.

Muddy

MUD'DY, verb transitive To soil with mud; to dirty.

2. To cloud; to make dull or heavy.

Grew.

Muddy-Headed

MUDDY-HEADED, adjective Having a dull understanding.

Mud-Fish

MUD'-FISH, noun A fish, a species of the cyprinus kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Mud-Sill

MUD'-SILL, noun In bridges, the sill that is laid at the bottom of a river, lake, &c. [See Sill.]

Mud-Sucker

MUD'-SUCKER, noun An aquatic fowl.

Derham.

Mud-Wall

MUD'-WALL, noun A wall composed of mud, or of materials laid in mud without mortar.

South.

2. A bird, the apiaster.

Ainsworth.

Mud-Walled

MUD'-WALLED, adjective Having a mud wall.

Prior.

Mudwort

MUD'WORT, noun A species of Limosella, the least water plantain.

Lee.

Mue

MUE. [See Mew.]

Muff

MUFF, noun [Danish muff or muffe; Dutch mof; German muff; French moufle, mittens; Spanish muflas, thick gloves.]

A warm cover for the hands, usually made of fur or dressed skins.

Locke. Dryden.

Muffin

MUF'FIN, noun A delicate or light cake.

Muffle

MUF'FLE, verb transitive [Dutch moffelen; German muffeln; Italian camuffare, to disguise or mask.]

1. To cover from the weather by cloth, fur or any garment; to cover close, particularly the neck and face.

You must be muffled up like ladies.

Dryden.

The face lies muffled up within the garment.

Addison.

2. To blindfold.

Alas! that love whose view is muffled stillÃ‚--

Shak.

He muffled with a cloud his mournful eyes.

Dryden.

3. To cover; to conceal; to involve.

They were in former ages muffled in darkness and superstition.

Arbuthnot.

4. In seamanship, to put matting or other soft substance round an oar, to prevent its making a noise.

5. To wind something round the strings of a drum to prevent a sharp sound, or to render the sound, grave and solemn.

Muffle

MUF'FLE, verb intransitive To mutter; to speak indistinctly or without clear articulation.

Holder.

Muffle

MUF'FLE, noun [Spanish mufla.] In chimistry, a vessel in the shape of an oblong arch or vault, closed behind by a semi-circular plane, the floor of which is a rectangular plane; or in other words, a little oven to be placed in a furnace, and under which small cupels and crucibles are placed, in which substances are subjected to heat without coming in contact with fuel, smoke or ashes; used in metallurgic operations.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

Muffled

MUF'FLED, participle passive Covered closely, especially about the face; involved; blindfolded.

Muffler

MUF'FLER, noun A cover for the face; a part of female dress.

Shak. Arbuthnot.

Muffling

MUF'FLING, participle of the present tense Covering closely, especially about the face; wrapping close; involving; blindfolding.

Mufflon

MUF'FLON, noun The wild sheep or musmon.

Mufti

MUF'TI, noun The high priest or chief of the ecclesiastical order among the Mohammedans.

Mug

MUG, noun [I know not whence derived.] A kind of cup from which liquors are drank. In America, the word is applied chiefly or solely to an earthen cup.

Muggard

MUG'GARD, adjective [See Muggy.] Sullen; displeased. [Not in use.]

Muggent

MUG'GENT, noun A species of wild fresh water duck.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Muggish

MUG'GISH, or MUG'GY, adjective [Welsh mwcan, a cloud of fog; mwg, smoke; or from the root of muck.]

1. Moist; damp; moldy; as muggy straw.

Mortimer.

2. Moist; damp; close; warm and unelastic; as muggy air. [This is the principal use of the word in America.]

Mughouse

MUG'HOUSE, noun [from mug.] An alehouse.

Tickel.

Mugient

MU'GIENT, adjective [Latin mugio, to bellow.] Lowing; bellowing. [Not used.]

Brown.

Mugil

MU'GIL, noun [Latin] The mullet, a genus of fishes of the order of abdominals.

Mugweed

MUG'WEED, noun A plant of the genus Valantia.

Mugwort

MUG'WORT, noun [Saxon mugwyrt.] A plant of the genus Artemisia.

Mulatto

MULAT'TO, noun [Spanish mulato, that is, muled, of a mixed breed, from mulo, Latin mulus, a mule; French mulatre.]

A person that is the offspring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman by a negro.

Mulberry

MUL'BERRY, noun [Swedish mulb?r; German maulbeere.]

The berry or fruit of a tree of the genus Morus.

Mulberry-Tree

MUL'BERRY-TREE, noun The tree which produces the mulberry.

Mulch

MULCH, noun [Hebrew, to dissolve.] Half rotten straw.

Bailey.

Mulct

MULCT, noun [Latin mulcta or multa.] A fine imposed on a person guilty of some offense or misdemeanor, usually a pecuniary fine.

Mulct

MULCT, verb transitive [Latin mulcto; French mulcter.] To fine; to punish for an offense or misdemeanor by imposing a pecuniary fine.

Bacon.

Mulctuary

MULCT'UARY, adjective Imposing a pecuniary penalty.

Overbury.

Mule

MULE, noun [Spanish Italian mulo; Latin mulus; Saxon mul; Dutch muil or muilezel; German maulesel; Swedish mul?sne; Danish mule; French id.; Armoric mules; Irish mules; Welsh mul. The latter signifies a mule, and bashful, simple.]

1. A quadruped of a mongrel breed, usually generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a she-ass. But the name is applied to any animal produced by a mixture of different species.

Encyc.

2. A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species of plant with the farin or fecundating dust of another. This is called also a hybrid.

Encyc. Martyn.

Muleteer

MULETEE'R, noun [Italian mulattiere; French muletier.]

A mule-driver.

Mule-Wort

MU'LE-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Hemionitis.

Muliebrity

MULIEB'RITY, noun [from Latin muliebris, from mulier, a woman.]

Womanhood; the state of being a woman; a state in females corresponding to virility in man; also, effeminacy; softness.

Mulier

MU'LIER, noun [Latin] In law, lawful issue born in wedlock though begotten before.

Encyc.

Mulish

MU'LISH, adjective Like a mule; sullen; stubborn.

Mull

MULL, verb transitive [qu. Latin mollio, to soften, or Welsh mwll, warm, or Spanish mullir, to beat.]

1. To soften; or to heat, sweeten and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine.

Drink new cider, mull'd with ginger warm.

Gay.

2. To dispirit or deaden.

Shak.

Mull

MULL, noun In Scottish, a snuff-box, made of the small end of a horn. Obs.

Cumberland.

Mull

MULL, noun Dust. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Mullen

MUL'LEN, noun [Old French molene; probably so named from the root of Latin mollis, soft. So in German, wolkraut, wool-plant.]

A plant of the genus Verbascum.

Muller

MUL'LER, noun [French moliere, molette; Latin molaris, from mola, a mill-stone.]

1. A stone held in the hand with which colors and other matters are ground on another stone; used by painters and apothecaries.

Bailey. Encyc.

2. An instrument used by glass grinders, being a piece of wood with the piece of glass to be ground cemented to one end, either convex in a bason, or concave in a sphere or bowl.

Encyc.

Mullet

MUL'LET, noun [French mulet, a mullet, and a great mule; Greek; Latin mullus.]

A fish of the genus Mugil. The lips are membranaceous; the inferior one carinated inwards; it has no teeth, and the body is of a whitish color. This fish frequents the shore and roots in the sand like a hog. It is an excellent fish for the table.

Encyc.

Mulligrubs

MUL'LIGRUBS, noun A twisting of the intestines; sullenness. [A low word.]

Mullion

MUL'LION, noun [French moulure.] A division in a window frame; a bar.

Mullion

MUL'LION, verb transitive To shape into divisions.

Shak.

Mullock

MUL'LOCK, noun Rubbish.

Mulse

MULSE, noun [Latin mulsus.] Wine boiled and mingled with honey.

Multangular

MULTAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin multus, many, and angulus, angle; Basque, mola, a multitude; multsa, much.]

Having many angles; polygonal.

Martyn.

Multangularly

MULTAN'GULARLY, adverb With many angles or corners.

Grew.

Multicapsular

MULTICAP'SULAR, adjective [Latin multus, many, and capsula, a chest.]

In botany, having many capsules.

Martyn.

Multicavous

MULTICA'VOUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and cavus, hollow.]

Having many holes or cavities.

Dict.

Multifarious

MULTIFA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin multifarius. Qu. varius.]

Having great multiplicity; having great diversity or variety; as multifarious artifice.

More.

Multifariously

MULTIFA'RIOUSLY, adverb With great multiplicity and diversity; with great variety of modes and relations.

Bentley.

Multifariousness

MULTIFA'RIOUSNESS, noun Multiplied diversity.

Norris.

Multifid

MUL'TIFID, adjective [Latin multifidus; multus, many, and findo, to divide.]

Having many divisions; many-cleft; divided into several parts by linear sinuses and straight margins; as a multifid leaf or corol.

Martyn.

Multiflorous

MULTIF'LOROUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and flos, flower.]

Many-flowered; having many flowers.

Martyn.

Multiform

MUL'TIFORM, adjective [Latin multiformis; multus, many, and forma, form.]

Having many forms, shapes or appearances; as the multiform operations of the air-pump.

Watts.

Multiformity

MULTIFORM'ITY, noun Diversity of forms; variety of shapes or appearances in the same thing.

Johnson.

Multigenerous

MULTIGEN'EROUS, adjective [Latin multigenus; multus, many, and genus, kind.]

Having many kinds.

Dict.

Multijugous

MULTIJU'GOUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and jugum, a yoke, a pair.]

Consisting of many pairs.

Multilateral

MULTILAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin multus, many, and latus, side.]

Having many sides. A multilateral figure must also be multangular.

Multilineal

MULTILIN'EAL, adjective Having many lines.

Multilocular

MULTILOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin multus, many, and loculus, a cell.]

Having many cells; as a multilocular pericarp.

Martyn.

Multiloquous

MULTIL'OQUOUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and loquor, to speak.]

Speaking much; very talkative; loquacious.

Dict.

Multinomial

MULTINO'MIAL, or MULTINOM'INAL, adjective [Latin multus, many, and nomen, name.]

Having many names or terms.

Dict.

Multiparous

MULTIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and pario, to bear.]

Producing many at a birth. A serpent is a multiparous animal.

Multipartite

MULTIP'ARTITE, adjective [Latin multus, many, and partitus, divided.]

Divided into many parts; having several parts.

Multiped

MUL'TIPED, noun [Latin multus, many, and pes, foot.]

An insect that has many feet.

Multiped

MUL'TIPED, adjective Having many feet.

Multiple

MUL'TIPLE, adjective [Latin multiplex; multus, many, and plico, to fold.]

Containing many times.

Multiple

MUL'TIPLE, noun In arithmetic, a common multiple of two or more numbers contains each of them a certain number of times exactly; thus 24 is a common multiple of 3 and 4. But the least common multiple, is the least number which will do this; thus 12 is the least common multiple of 3 and 4.

Multiplex

MUL'TIPLEX, adjective [Latin] Many-fold; having petals lying over each other in folds.

Martyn.

Multipliable

MUL'TIPLIABLE, adjective [French See Multiply.]

That may be multiplied.

Multipliableness

MUL'TIPLIABLENESS, noun Capacity of being multiplied.

Multiplicable

MUL'TIPLICABLE, adjective That may be multiplied.

Multiplicand

MULTIPLICAND', noun [Latin multiplicandus.] See Multiply.]

In arithmetic, the number to be multiplied by another, which is called the multiplier.

Multiplicate

MUL'TIPLICATE, adjective [Latin multiplicatus.]

1. Consisting of many, or more than one.

Derham.

2. A multiplicate flower is a sort of luxuriant flower, having the corol multiplied so far as to exclude only some of the stamens.

Martyn.

Multiplication

MULTIPLICA'TION, noun [Latin multiplicatio.]

1. The act of multiplying or of increasing number; as the multiplication of the human species by natural generation.

2. In arithmetic, a rule or operation by which any given number may be increased according to any number of times proposed. Thus 10 multiplied by 5 is increased to 50.

Multiplicative

MUL'TIPLICATIVE, adjective Tending to multiply; having the power to multiply or increase numbers.

Med. Repos.

Multiplicator

MULTIPLICA'TOR, noun The number by which another number is multiplied; a multiplier.

Multiplicity

MULTIPLIC'ITY, noun [French multiplicitÃƒ-©, from Latin multiplex.]

1. A state of being many; as a multiplicity of thoughts or objects.

2. Many of the same kind. The pagans of antiquity had a multiplicity of deities.

Multiplied

MUL'TIPLIED, participle passive Increased in numbers.

2. Numerous; often repeated; as multiplied aggressions.

Multiplier

MUL'TIPLIER, noun One who multiplies, or increases number.

2. The number in arithmetic by which another is multiplied; the multiplicator.

Multiply

MUL'TIPLY, verb transitive [Latin multiplico; multus, many, and plico, to fold or double, Greek, Welsh plygu, French plier, multiplier.]

1. To increase in number; to make more by natural generation or production, or by addition; as, to multiply men, horses or other animals; to multiply evils.

I will multiply my signs and wonders in Egypt. Exodus 7.

Impunity will multiply motives to disobedience.

Ames.

2. In arithmetic, to increase any given number as many times as there are units in any other given number. Thus 7x8=56, that is, 7 multiplied by 8 produces the number 56.

Multiply

MUL'TIPLY, v.i. To grow or increase in number.

Be fruitful and multiply. Genesis 1.

When men began to multiply on the face of the earth. Genesis 6.

2. To increase in extent; to extend; to spread.

The word of God grew and multiplied. Acts 12.

Multiplying

MUL'TIPLYING, participle of the present tense Increasing in number.

2. Growing or becoming numerous.

Multipotent

MULTIP'OTENT, adjective [Latin multipotens; multus, many, much, and potens, powerful.]

Having manifold power, or power to do many things; as Jove multipotent.

Shak.

Multipresence

MULTIPRES'ENCE, noun [Latin multus, many, and proesentia, presence.]

The power or act of being present in many places at once, or in more places than one.

Hall.

Multisiliquous

MULTISIL'IQUOUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and siliqua, a pod.]

Having many pods or seed-vessels.

Bailey.

Multisonous

MULTIS'ONOUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and sonus, sound.]

Having many sounds, or sounding much.

Bailey.

Multisyllable

MULTISYL'LABLE, noun A word of many syllables; a polysyllable. [The latter is mostly used.]

Multitude

MUL'TITUDE, noun [French from Latin multitudo, from multus, many.]

1. The state of being many; a great number.

2. A number collectively; the sum of many.

Hale.

3. A great number, indefinitely.

It is a fault in a multitude of preachers, that they utterly neglect method in their harangues.

Watts.

4. A crowd or throng; the populace; applied to the populace when assembled in great numbers, and to the mass of men without reference to an assemblage.

He the vast hissing multitude admires.

Addison.

The multitude have always been credulous, and the few artful.

J. Adams.

Multitudinous

MULTITU'DINOUS, adjective Consisting of a multitude or great number.

2. Having the appearance of a multitude; as the multitudinous sea.

Shak.

3. Manifold; as the multitudinous tongue.

Shak.

Multivagant

MULTIV'AGANT, or MULTIV'AGOUS, adjective [Latin multivagus.] Wandering much. [Not used.]

Dict.

Multivalve

MUL'TIVALVE, noun [Latin multus, many, and valvoe, valves, folding doors.]

An animal which has a shell of many valves.

Zoology.

Multivalve

MUL'TIVALVE, or MULTIVALV'ULAR, adjective Having many valves.

Multiversant

MULTIV'ERSANT, adjective [Latin multus, many, and verto, to form.]

Protean; turning into many shapes; assuming many forms.

Journ. of Science.

Multivious

MULTIV'IOUS, adjective [Latin multus, many, and via, way.]

Having many ways or roads. [Little used.]

Dict.

Multocular

MULTOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin multus, many, and oculus, eye.]

Having many eyes, or more eyes than two.

Derham.

Multure

MUL'TURE, noun [Latin molitura, a grinding. See Mill.]

1. In Scots law, the toll or emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding corn.

Encyc.

2. A grist or grinding.

Mum

MUM, adjective [See Mumble, Mumm, and Mummery.]

1. Silent; not speaking.

The citizens are mum; say not a word.

Shak.

2. As an exclamation or command, be silent; hush.

Mum then, and no more proceed.

Shak.

3. As a noun, silence.

Hudibras.

Mum

MUM, noun [German Danish mumme; Dutch mom.] A species of malt liquor much used in Germany. It is made of the malt of wheat, seven bushels, with one bushel of oat meal and a bushel of ground beans, or in the same proportion. This is brewed with 63 gallons of water, and boiled till one third is evaporated.

Encyc.

Mum-Chance

MUM'-CHANCE, noun A game of hazard with dice. [Local.]

2. A fool. [Local.]

Mumble

MUM'BLE, verb intransitive [German mummeln; Dutch momelen, mompelen; Swedish mumla; Danish mumler. This word seems to be connected with mum, in the sense of closeness of the lips.]

1. To mutter; to speak with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words with a grumbling tone.

Peace, you mumbling fool.

Shak.

Ã‚--A wrinkled hag, with age grown double, Picking dry sticks and mumbling to herself.

Otway.

2. To chew or bite softly; to eat with the lips close.

Dryden.

Mumble

MUM'BLE, verb transitive To utter with a low inarticulate voice.

He with mumbled prayers atones the deity.

Dryden.

2. To mouth gently, or to eat with a muttering sound.

Pope.

3. To suppress or utter imperfectly.

Dryden.

Mumbled

MUM'BLED, pp. Uttered with a low inarticulate voice; chewed softly or with a low muttering sound.

Mumbler

MUM'BLER, noun One that speaks with a low inarticulate voice.

Mumbling

MUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Uttering with a low inarticulate voice; chewing softly or with a grumbling sound.

Mumblingly

MUM'BLINGLY, adverb With a low inarticulate utterance. [Mumble and mutter are not always synonymous; mutter often expresses peevishness, which mumble does not.]

Mumm

MUMM, verb transitive [Danish mumme, a mask; Dutch mommen, to mask; German mumme, a mask or muffle; mummeln, to mask, to mumble; French mummer; Swedish f?rmumma, to personate; probably allied to the Greek, Momus, the deity of sport and ridicule, a buffoon; for in Rabbinic, this word is used for a mask. Buxt. 1219. The primary sense of this word and mum is evidently to close, shut or cover.]

To mask; to sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise.

Hubberd's Tale.

Mummer

MUM'MER, noun One who masks himself and makes diversion in disguise; originally, one who made sport by gestures without speaking.

Jugglers and dancers, anticks, mummers.

Milton.

Mummery

MUM'MERY, noun [French momerie; Spanish momeria. See Mumm.]

1. Masking; sport; diversion; frolicking in masks; low contemptible amusement; buffoonery.

Your fathers

Disdained the mummery of foreign strollers.

Fenton.

2. Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and parade to delude vulgar minds.

Mummify

MUM'MIFY, verb transitive [infra.] To make into a mummy.

Journ. of Science.

Mummy

MUM'MY, noun [Italian mummia; Spanish Portugese momia.

In Arabic, momia, is wax, bees-wax, and a mummy; Pers. moum, wax. A substance thus called is found in Corasan and in the deserts of Kerman, in Persia, and according to Chardin, it is a gum distilling from rocks. It seems to have some resemblance to asphalt. Qu. the pissasphaltus of Pliny.]

1. A dead human body embalmed and dried after the Egyptian manner; a name perhaps given to it from the substance used in preserving it. There are two kinds of mummies. The first are bodies dried by the heat of the sun. Such are found in the sands of Libya. The other kind is taken from the catacombs in Egypt.

Encyc.

2. The name of two substances prepared for medicinal use, which according to Hill are, the one, the dried flesh of human bodies embalmed with myrrh and spice; the other, a liquor running from such mummies when newly prepared, or when affected by great heat and damps. This is preserved in vials, and if suffered to dry, becomes solid. But it is alledged that the first sort consists of pieces of the flesh of executed criminals, or other flesh filled with bitumen and other ingredients. But see the opinion of Chardin, supra.

3. There are found in Poland natural mummies lying in caverns, supposed to be the remains of persons who in time of war took refuge in caves, but being discovered were suffocated by their enemies. These bodies are dried, with the flesh and skin shrunk almost close to the bones, and are of a blackish color.

Encyc.

4. Among gardeners, a sort of wax used in grafting and planting trees.

Chambers.

To beat to a mummy, to beat soundly, or to a senseless mass.

Mummy-Chog

MUM'MY-CHOG, noun A small fish of the carp kind.

Pennant.

Mump

MUMP, verb transitive [Dutch mompen. See Mum and Mumble.]

1. To nibble; to bite quick; to chew with continued motion; as a mumping squirrel.

Otway.

2. To talk loud and quick.

3. To go begging.

Ainsworth.

4. To deceive; to cheat.

Mumper

MUMP'ER, noun A beggar.

Johnson.

Mumping

MUMP'ING, noun Begging tricks; foolish tricks; mockery.

Mumpish

MUMP'ISH, adjective Dull; heavy; sullen; sour.

Mumps

MUMPS, noun [See Mum, Mumble, Mumm.]

1. Sullenness; silent displeasure. [Little used.]

Skinner.

2. A disease, the cynanche parotidoea, a swelling of the parotid glands.

Coxe.

Munch

MUNCH, verb transitive [perhaps French manger, or from the same root.]

To chew by great mouthfuls. [Vulgar.]

Shak.

Munch

MUNCH, verb intransitive To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls. [Vulgar.]

Dryden.

Muncher

MUNCH'ER, noun One that munches.

Johnson.

Mund

MUND, Saxon mund, protection, patronage, peace, is found in old laws; as mundbrece, that is, a breaking or violation of the peace. It is retained in names, as in Edmund, Saxon eadmund, happy peace, as in Greek Irenoeus, Hesychius.

Gibson.

Mundane

MUN'DANE, adjective [Latin mundanus, from mundus, the world.]

Belonging to the world; as mundane sphere; mundane space.

Bentley.

Mundanity

MUNDAN'ITY, noun Worldliness. [Not used.]

Mountague.

Mundation

MUNDA'TION, noun [Latin mundus, clean.] The act of cleansing. [Not used.]

Mundatory

MUN'DATORY, adjective [Latin mundo, to cleanse.] Cleansing; having power to cleanse. [Little used.]

Mundic

MUN'DIC, noun A kind of marcasite; a mineral substance, so called from its shining appearance. Obs.

Woodward.

Mundification

MUNDIFICA'TION, noun [Latin mundus, clean, and facio, to make.]

The act or operation of cleansing any body from dross or extraneous matter.

Quincy.

Mundificative

MUNDIF'ICATIVE, adjective Cleansing; having the power to cleanse.

Wiseman.

Mundificative

MUNDIF'ICATIVE, noun A medicine that has the quality of cleansing.

Mundify

MUN'DIFY, verb transitive [Latin mundus, clean, and facio, to make.]

To cleanse. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Munerary

MU'NERARY, adjective [Latin munus, a gift.] Having the nature of a gift. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Munerate

MUNERATE, MUNERATION. [Not used.] See Remunerate.]

Mungrel

MUN'GREL, noun [See Mongrel.] An animal generated between different kinds, as a dog.

Mungrel

MUN'GREL, adjective Generated between different kinds; degenerate.

Shak. Dryden.

Municipal

MUNIC'IPAL, adjective [French from Latin municipalis, from municeps, a person who enjoys the rights of a free citizen; munus, office, duty, and capio, to take.]

1. Pertaining to a corporation or city; as municipal rights; municipal officers.

2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom or nation.

Municipal law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a stateÃ‚--

Blackstone.

Municipal, as used by the Romans, originally designated that which pertained to a municipium, a free city or town. It still retains this limited sense; but we have extended it to what belongs to a state or nation, as a distinct, independent body. Municipal law or regulation respects solely the citizens of a state, and is thus distinguished from commercial law, political law, and the law of nations.

Municipality

MUNICIPAL'ITY, noun In France, a certain district or division of the country; also, its inhabitants.

Burke.

Munificence

MUNIF'ICENCE, noun [French from Latin munificentia; munus, a gift or favor, and facio, to make.]

1. A giving or bestowing liberally; bounty; liberality. To constitute munificence, the act of conferring must be free, and proceed from generous motives.

A state of poverty obscures all the virtues of liberality and munificence.

Addison.

2. In Spenser, fortification or strength. [Latin munio, to fortify.] [Not used.]

Munificent

MUNIF'ICENT, adjective Liberal in giving or bestowing; generous; as a munificent benefactor or patron.

Atterbury.

Munificently

MUNIF'ICENTLY, adverb Liberally; generously.

Muniment

MU'NIMENT, noun [Latin munimentum, from munio, to fortify.]

1. A fortification of any kind; a strong hold; a place of defense.

2. Support; defense.

Shak.

3. Record; a writing by which claims and rights are defended or maintained. Termes de la ley.

Johnson's Rep.

Munite

MU'NITE, v.t. To fortify. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Munition

MUNI'TION, noun [French from Latin munitio, from munio, to fortify. The primary sense is that which is set or fixed, or that which defends, drives back or hinders. Indeed, both senses may be from the same root, Hebrew Chaldee, Arabic, or Hebrew amen. Class Mn. No. 10.12.]

1. Fortification. Obs.

Hale.

2. Ammunition; whatever materials are used in war for defense, or for annoying an enemy. The word includes guns of all kinds, mortars, &c. and their loading.

3. Provisions of a garrison or fortress, or for ships of war, and in general for an army; stores of all kinds for a fort, an army or navy.

Munition-ships, ships which convey military and naval stores of any kind, and attend or follow a fleet to supply ships of war.

Munity

MU'NITY, noun Freedom; security. [Not used.] [See Immunity.]

Munnion

MUNNION, noun mun'yon. [See Munition.] An upright piece of timber which separates the several lights in a windowframe. [See Mullion.]

Moxon.

Muns

MUNS, or MUNDS, noun The mouth. [Vulgar.]

Murage

MU'RAGE, noun [Latin murus, a wall.] Money paid for keeping walls in repair. Termes de la ley.

Johnson.

Mural

MU'RAL, adjective [Latin muralis, from murus, a wall; Welsh mur, that which is fixed or firm; muriaw, to fix or establish. It seems to belong to the root of moor, to make fast, as a ship.]

1. Pertaining to a wall.

Ã‚--Soon repaired her mural breach.

Milton.

2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as a mural precipice.

Mural crown, among the ancient Romans, a golden crown or circle of gold, indented and embattled, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place and there lodged a standard.

Encyc.

Murder

MUR'DER, noun [Saxon morther, from morth, death; myrthian, to murder; Dutch moord; German Danish Swedish mord; Irish marbh; Latin mors; Spanish muerte; Italian morte; Pehlavi, murdan; to die; Sanscrit marana; Welsh marw, to die, which seems to be from marth, lying flat or plain; marthu, to flatten, to deaden. If this is the sense, the primary idea is to fail or fall, or to beat down. The old orthography, murther, is obsolete.]

1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being with premediated malice, by a person of sound mind. To constitute murder in law, the person killing another must be of sound mind or in possession of his reason, and the act must be done with malice prepense, aforethought or premeditated; but malice may be implied, as well as express.

Coke. Blackstone.

2. An outcry, when life is in danger.

Murder

MUR'DER, verb transitive [Saxon myrthian; Dutch moorden; German morden; Swedish m?rda.]

1. To kill a human being with premeditated malice. [See the Noun.]

2. To destroy; to put an end to.

Canst thou murder thy breath in middle of a word?

Shak.

Murdered

MUR'DERED, participle passive Slain with malice prepense.

Murderer

MUR'DERER, noun A person who in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice.

2. A small piece of ordnance.

Murderess

MUR'DERESS, noun A female who commits murder.

Dryden.

Murdering

MUR'DERING, participle of the present tense Killing a human being with malice premediated.

Murderous

MUR'DEROUS, adjective Guilty of murder; as the murderous king.

Milton.

2. Consisting in murder; done with murder; bloody; cruel; as murderous rapine.

3. Bloody; sanguinary; committing murder; as murderous tyranny.

4. Premediating murder; as murderous intent or design.

Murderously

MUR'DEROUSLY, adverb In a murderous or cruel manner.

Mure

MURE, noun [Latin murus.] A wall. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mure

MURE, verb transitive [French murer.] To inclose in walls; to wall.

Knolles.

[But immure is chiefly used.]

Muriacite

MU'RIACITE, noun [See Muriate.] A stone composed of salt, sand and gypsum.

Muriate

MU'RIATE, noun [Latin muria, muries, salt water, brine; amarus, bitter; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan Ethiopic Arabic, to be bitter. Class Mr. No. 7.]

A salt formed by muriatic acid combined with a base.

Muriated

MU'RIATED, adjective Combined with muriatic acid.

Kirwan.

2. Put in brine.

Evelyn.

Muriatic

MURIAT'IC, adjective Having the nature of brine or salt water; pertaining to sea salt. The muriatic acid is the acid of marine salt.

Muriatiferous

MURIATIF'EROUS, adjective Producing muriatic substances or salt.

Muricalcite

MURICAL'CITE, noun Rhomb-spar.

Ure.

Muricated

MU'RICATED, adjective [Latin muricatus, from murex, the point of a rock.]

1. Formed with sharp points; full of sharp points or prickles.

2. In botany, having the surface covered with sharp points, or armed with prickles.

Lee. Martyn.

Muricite

MU'RICITE, noun Fossil remains of the murex, a genus of shells.

Murine

MU'RINE, adjective [Latin murinus, from mus, muris, a mouse.] Pertaining to a mouse or to mice.

Murk

MURK, noun [Swedish m?rker; Danish mÃƒ-¶rkhed; Russian mrak.] Darkness. [Little used.]

Shak.

Murky

MURK'Y, adjective [Danish mÃƒ-¶rk; Swedish m?rk, dark, obscure; m?rka, to darken; Russian merknu, to obscure; allied perhaps to Moor, an African; Greek.]

Dark; obscure; gloomy.

A murky storm deep lowering o'er our heads.

Addison.

Murmur

MUR'MUR, noun [Latin See the Verb.] A low sound continued or continually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony channel, or that of flame.

Black melancholy sits,

Deepens the murmur of the falling floods,

And breathes a browner horror on the woods.

Pope.

2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice.

Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs.

Dryden.

Murmur

MUR'MUR, verb intransitive [Latin murmuro; Greek; French murmurer; Armoric murmuli; Spanish Portugese murmurar; Italian mormorare. This seems to be a duplication of the root, which is retained in the Dutch morren, German murren, Swedish murra, Danish murrer, to mutter, growl or murmur; Spanish morro, purring, as a cat; Swedish morr, a grumbling; Arabic. Class Mr. No.7. It seems also to be connected with mourn, Saxon murnan, murcnian, to murmur.]

1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest; as the murmuring surge.

Shak.

The forests murmur and the surges roar.

Pope.

2. To grumble; to complain; to utter complaints in a low, half articulated voice; to utter sullen discontent; with at, before the thing which is the cause of discontent; as, murmur not at sickness; or with at or against, before the active agent which produces the evil.

The Jews murmured at him. John 6.

The people murmured against Moses. Exodus 13.

Murmurer

MUR'MURER, noun One who murmurs; one who complains sullenly; a grumbler.

Murmuring

MUR'MURING, participle of the present tense Uttering complaints in a low voice or sullen manner; grumbling; complaining.

Murmuringly

MUR'MURINGLY, adverb With a low sound; with complaints.

Murmurous

MUR'MUROUS, adjective Exciting murmur or complaint.

Murr

MURR, noun A catarrh. [Not in use.]

Gascoigne.

Murrain

MURRAIN, n. mur'rin. [Spanish morrina, a disease among cattle, sadness; Portugese morrinha; Italian moria; morire, Portugese morrÃƒ-ªr, Spanish morir, Latin morior, to die.]

An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Exodus 9.

Bacon. Garth.

Murre

MUR'RE, noun A kind of bird.

Carew.

Murrey

MUR'REY, adjective [from the root of Moor, an African.] Of a dark red color.

Bacon. Boyle.

Murrhine

MUR'RHINE, adjective [Latin murrhinus.] An epithet given to a delicate kind of ware or porcelain brought from the east; Pliny says from Carmania, now Kerman, in Persia.

Encyc. Pinkerton.

Murrion

MUR'RION, noun [Portugese morriam; Italian morione; from the root of Latin murus, a wall. See Mural.]

A helmet; a casque; armor for the head; written also morion.

King.

Musard

MUS'ARD, noun [French See Muse.] A dreamer; one who is apt to be absent in mind. Obs.

Chaucer.

Muscadel

MUS'CADEL, or MUS'CADINE, or MUSCAT', or MUS'CATEL, adjective [Italian moscatello; Portugese Spanish moscatel; French muscat, muscadin, muscadet; from Italian moscado, musk, or muscata [noce moscada,] a nutmeg, French muscade, from musc. Hence, in Italian, vin muscato, muscat, or muscadine wine.]

1. An appellation given to a kind of rich wine, and to the grapes which produce it. The word is also used as a noun.

2. A sweet pear.

Muscle

MUS'CLE, noun [French from Latin musculus, a muscle, and a little mouse; Dutch Swedish Danish muskel; German muschel; Greek, a mouse, and a muscle.]

1. In anatomy, the muscles are the organs of motion, consisting of fibers or bundles of fibers inclosed in a thin cellular membrane. The muscles are susceptible of contraction and relaxation, and in a healthy state the proper muscles are subject to the will, and are called voluntary muscles. But other parts of the body, as the heart, the urinary bladder, the stomach, &c. are of a muscular texture, and susceptible of contraction and dilatation, but are not subject to the will, and are therefore called involuntary muscles. The red color of the muscles is owing to the blood vessels which they contain. The ends of the muscles are fastened to the bones which they move, and when they act in opposition to each other, they are called antagonists.

Encyc.

Muscles are divided into the head, belly and tail. The head is the part fixed on the immovable joint called its origin, and is usually tendinous; the belly is the middle fleshy part, which consists of the true muscular fibers; the tail is the tendinous portion inserted into the part to be moved, called the insertion; but in the tendon, the fibers are more compact than in the belly of the muscle, and do not admit the redglobules.

Parr.

2. A bivalvular shell fish of the genus Mytilus; sometimes written mussel.

Muscosity

MUSCOS'ITY, noun Mossiness.

Muscovado

MUSCOVA'DO, noun Unrefined sugar; the raw material from which loaf and lump sugar are procured by refining. Muscovado is obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporation and draining off the liquid part called melasses.

Edwards.

[This word is used either as a noun or an adjective.]

Muscovy-Duck

MUS'COVY-DUCK, noun The musk-duck, Anas moschata.

Muscovy-Glass

MUS'COVY-GLASS, noun Mica, which see.

Muscular

MUS'CULAR, adjective [from muscle.] Pertaining to a muscle; as a muscular fiber.

2. Performed by a muscle; as muscular motion.

3. Strong; brawny; vigorous; as a muscular body or frame.

Muscularity

MUSCULAR'ITY, noun The state of being muscular.

Grew.

Musculite

MUS'CULITE, noun A petrified muscle or shell.

Kirwan.

Musculous

MUS'CULOUS, adjective [Latin musculosus.] Full of muscles.

2. Strong; brawny.

3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles.

Muse

MUSE, n. s as z. [Latin musa; Greek. See the Verb.]

1. Properly, song; but in usage, the deity or power of poetry. Hence poets in modern times, as in ancient, invoke the aid of the Muse or Muses, or in other words, the genius of poetry.

Granville commands; your aid, O Muses, bring,

What Muse for Granville can refuse to sing?

Pope.

2. Deep thought; close attention or contemplation which abstracts the mind from passing scenes; hence sometimes, absence of mind.

As in great muse, no word to creature spake.

Spenser.

He was fill'd

With admiration and deep muse to hear

Of things so high and strange.

Milton.

Muse

MUSE, v. i. s as z. [French muser, to loiter or trifle; Italian musare, to gaze, to stand idle; allied to this word probably are Latin musso and mussito, to mutter or murmur, to demur, to be silent. The Greek signifies to press, or utter sound with the lips compressed. The latter verb belongs to Class Mg; for, a sound uttered through the nose or with close lips, is of the same family, Latin mussitatio. The word then primarily denotes what we call humming, to hum, as persons do when idle, or alone and steadily occupied. If the elements of the word are Ms, it may be referred to the Arabic Syriac. Class Ms. No. 35.]

1. To ponder; to think closely; to study in silence.

He mused upon some dangerous plot.

Sidney.

I muse on the works of thy hands. Psalm 143.

2. To be absent in mind; to be so occupied in study or contemplation, as not to observe passing scenes or things present.

Shak.

3. To wonder.

Do not muse of me. Obs.

Shak.

Muse

MUSE, verb transitive To think on; to meditate on.

Thomson.

Museful

MU'SEFUL, adjective Thinking deeply or closely; silently thoughtful.

Full of museful mopings.

Dryden.

Museless

MU'SELESS, adjective Disregarding the power of poetry.

Milton.

Muser

MU'SER, noun One who thinks closely in silence, or one apt to be absent in mind.

Johnson.

Muset

MU'SET, noun The place through which the hare goes to relief; a hunting term.

Bailey.

Museum

MUSE'UM, noun [Greek, a place for the muses or for study.]

A house or apartment appropriated as a repository of things that have an immediate relation to the arts; a cabinet of curiosities.

Mush

MUSH, noun [German mus, pap.] The meal of maiz boiled in water.

Mushroom

MUSH'ROOM, noun [French mousseron, the white mushroom, from mousse, moss, or the same root, bearing the sense of softness or nap.]

1. The common name of numerous cryptogamian plants of the natural order of Fungi. Some of them are esculent, others poisonous. Mushrooms grow on dunghills and in moist rich ground, and often spring up in a short time.

The origin of man, in the view of the atheist, is the same with that of the mushroom.

Dwight.

2. An upstart; one that rises suddenly from a low condition in life.

Bacon.

Mushroom-Stone

MUSH'ROOM-STONE, noun A fossil or stone that produces mushrooms; the Lyncurius.

Woodward.

Music

MU'SIC, n. s as z. [Latin musica; Greek; French musique. See Muse.]

1. Melody or harmony; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in accordance or harmony. Music is vocal or instrumental. Vocal music is the melody of a single voice, or the harmony of two or more voices in concert. Instrumental music is that produced by one or more instruments.

By music minds an equal temper know.

Pope.

2. Any entertainment consisting in melody or harmony.

What music and dancing and diversions and songs are to many in the world, that prayers and devotions and psalms are to you.

Law.

3. The science of harmonical sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependencies and relations of sounds to each other. This may be called speculative or theoretical music.

Encyc.

4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to please the ear. This is practical music or composition.

Encyc.

5. Order; harmony in revolutions; as the music of the spheres.

Musical

MU'SICAL, adjective Belonging to music; as musical proportion; a musical instrument.

2. Producing music or agreeable sounds; as a musical voice.

3. Melodious; harmonious; pleasing to the ear; as musical sounds or numbers.

Musically

MU'SICALLY, adverb In a melodious or harmonious manner; with sweet sounds.

Musicalness

MU'SICALNESS, noun The quality of being melodious or harmonious.

Music-Book

MU'SIC-BOOK, noun A book containing tunes or songs for the voice or for instruments.

Musician

MUSI'CIAN, noun A person skilled in the science of music, or one that sings or performs on instruments of music according to the rules of the art.

Bacon. Dryden.

Music-Master

MU'SIC-M`ASTER, noun One who teaches music.

Musing

MU'SING, participle of the present tense Meditating in silence.

Musing

MU'SING, noun Meditation; contemplation.

Musk

MUSK, noun [Latin muscus; Greek, musk, and moss; Italian musco and muschio; Spanish musco; French Armoric musc; Welsh mwsg. The latter Owen derives from mws, which as a noun signifies something that shoots out, effluvia, and as an adjective, of a strong scent. The Arabic word coinciding with these is found under masaka, to hold or contain, and the name is interpreted to signify both the follicle containing the matter, and the substance contained.]

A strong scented substance obtained from a cyst or bag near the navel of the Thibet musk [Moschus moschiferus,] an animal that inhabits the Asiatic Alps, especially the Altaic chain. This animal is a little more than three feet in length; the head resembles that of the roe, the fur is coarse, like that of the cervine race, but thick, erect, smooth and soft. It has no horns, but the male has two long tusks, one on each side, projecting from the mouth. The female is smaller than the male, and has neither tusks nor follicle. The cyst of the male is about the size of a hen's egg, oval, flat on one side and rounded on the other, having a small orifice. This contains a clotted, oily, friable matter of a dark brown color, which is the true musk, one of the strongest odors or perfumes in nature. We give the name to the substance and to the animal.

Encyc.

Musk

MUSK, noun Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower.

Johnson.

Musk

MUSK, verb transitive To perfume with musk.

Musk-Apple

MUSK'-APPLE, noun A particular kind of apple.

Musk-Cat

MUSK'-CAT, noun The musk, which see.

Musk-Cherry

MUSK'-CHERRY, noun A kind of cherry.

Musket

MUSK'ET, noun [Italian moschetto; Spanish mosquete; French mousquet. It seems to be formed from Spanish mosca, Latin musca, a fly.]

1. A species of fire-arms used in war, and fired by means of a lighted match. This manner of firing was in use as late as the civil war in England. But the proper musket is no longer in use. The name, however, in common speech, is yet applied to fusees or fire-locks fired by a spring lock.

Encyc.

2. A male hawk of a small kind, the female of which is the sparrow hawk.

Dryden. Hanmer.

Musketeer

MUSKETEE'R, noun A soldier armed with a musket.

Clarendon.

Musketoe

MUSKE'TOE, noun [Spanish Portugese mosquito, from Spanish mosca, Latin mouca, a fly.]

A small insect of the genus Culex, that is bred in water; a species of gnat that abounds in marshes and low lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vexatious.

Musketoon

MUSKETOON', noun [French mousqueton. See Musket.]

A short thick musket, carrying five ounces of iron, or seven and a half of lead; the shortest kind of blunderbuss.

Encyc.

2. One who is armed with a musketoon.

Herbert.

Muskiness

MUSK'INESS, noun [from musk.] The scent of musk.

Johnson.

Muskmelon

MUSK'MELON, noun [musk and melon.] A delicious species of melon; named probably from its fragrance.

Musk-Ox

MUSK'-OX, noun A species of the genus Bos, which inhabits the country about Hudson's Bay. It has large horns united at the skull, but turned downward on each side of the head. The hair of this animal is very long and fine.

Encyc.

Musk-Pear

MUSK'-PEAR, noun A fragrant kind of pear.

Johnson.

Muskrat

MUSK'RAT, or MUS'QUASH, noun An American animal of the murine genus, the Mus zibethicus. It has a compressed, lanceolated tail, with toes separate. It has the smell of musk in summer, but loses it in winter. The fur is used by hatters. Its popular name in America is musquash.

Belknap.

Musk-Rose

MUSK'-ROSE, noun A species of rose; so called from its fragrance.

Bacon. Milton.

Musk-Seed

MUSK'-SEED, noun A plant of the genus Hibiscus.

Musk-Wood

MUSK'-WOOD, noun A species of plant of the genus Trichilia.

Musky

MUSK'Y, adjective Having the odor of musk; fragrant.

Milton.

Muslin

MUS'LIN, n. s as z. [French mousseline; Italian mussolina, mussolo; Spanish moselina or musulina. This, if a compound word, is formed of French mousse, moss, or its root, on account of its soft nap, and lin, flax. The opinion of Lunier that it is named from Moussoul, in Mesopotamia, is probably unfounded.]

A sort of fine cotton cloth, which bears a downy knot on its surface.

Encyc.

Muslin

MUS'LIN, adjective Made of muslin; as a muslin gown.

Muslinet

MUSLINET', noun A sort of coarse cotton cloth.

Musmon

MUS'MON, or MUS'IMON, noun An animal esteemed a species of sheep, described by the ancients as common in Corsica, Sardinia and Barbary. Buffon considers it to be the sheep in a wild state.

Encyc.

Musrole

MUS'ROLE, noun [French muserolle, from museau, muzzle.] The nose band of a horse's bridle.

Bailey.

Muss

MUSS, noun A scramble. [Not used.]

Shak.

Mussel

MUSSEL. [See Muscle.]

Mussite

MUS'SITE, noun [from the valley of Mussa, in Piedmont.]

A variety of pyroxene of a greenish white color; otherwise called diopside.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Mussulman

MUS'SULMAN, noun A Mohammedan or follower of Mohammed. The word, it is said, signifies in the Turkish language a true believer, or orthodox. It may be from Arabic eslam, salvation.

Cyc. Thomson.

Mussulmanish

MUS'SULMANISH, adjective Mohammedan.

Herbert.

Must

MUST, verb intransitive [Saxon most; Dutch moeten, moest; Swedish m?ste; German mÃƒ-¼ssen. It is used as an auxiliary verb, and has no variation to express person, time or number. Its primary sense is probably to be strong or able, as it is rendered in Saxon; from pressing, straining. Class Ms. No. 25. Chaldee and No. 31.]

1. To be obliged; to be necessitated. It expresses both physical and moral necessity.

A man must eat for nourishment, and he must sleep for refreshment. We must submit to the laws or be exposed to punishment. A bill in a legislative body must have three readings before it can pass to be enacted.

2. It expresses moral fitness or propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or end proposed. ``Deacons must be grave;' ``a bishop must have a good report of them that are without.' 1 Timothy 3.

Must

MUST, noun [Latin mustum; Saxon must; Italian Spanish Portugese mosto; Russian mst; French moÃƒ-»t; Dutch German most; Hebrew Chaldee to ferment. Class Ms. No. 38.]

New wine; wine pressed from the grape but not fermented.

Encyc.

Must

MUST, verb transitive [French moisi, moldy; Irish musgam, to be musty. Qu. Welsh mws, of a strong scent.] To make moldy and sour.

Mortimer.

Must

MUST, verb intransitive To grow moldy and sour; to contract a fetid smell.

Mustac

MUS'TAC, noun A small tufted monkey.

Mustaches

MUSTA'CHES, noun [French moustaches; Spanish mostacho, a whisker; Italian mostacchio; Greek, the upper lip, and the hair growing on it.]

Whiskers; long hair on the upper lip.

Mustard

MUS'TARD, noun [Italian mostarda; French moutarde; Armoric mustard; Portugese mostarda; Spanish mostaza; Welsh mwstarz; mws, that has a strong scent, and tarz, a breaking out.]

A plant of the genus Sinapis, and its seed, which has a pungent taste and is a powerful stimulant. It is used externally in cataplasms, and internally as a diuretic and stimulant.

Encyc.

Mustee

MUSTEE', or MESTEE', noun A person of a mixed breed.

Welsh Indies.

Musteline

MUS'TELINE, adjective [Latin mustelinus, from mustela, a weasel.]

Pertaining to the weasel or animals of the genus Mustela; as a musteline color; the musteline genus.

Muster

MUS'TER, verb transitive [German mustern, Dutch monsteren, Swedish m?nstra, Danish mynstrer, to muster; Italian mostrare, Spanish Portugese mostrar, French montrer, Latin monstro, to show. Either n has been lost in some of these languages, or it is not radical in the Latin.]

Properly, to collect troops for review, parade and exercise; but in general, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things. The officers muster their soldiers regularly; they muster all their forces. The philosopher musters all the wise sayings of the ancients.

Spenser. Locke. Tillotson.

Muster

MUS'TER, verb intransitive To assemble; to meet in one place.

Muster

MUS'TER, noun [Italian Portugese mostra, a show or muster; Spanish muestra, a pattern, a model, a muster-roll; German muster, a pattern, a sample; Dutch monster; Danish mynster; Latin monstrum, a show or prodigy.]

1. An assembling of troops for review, or a review of troops under arms.

Encyc.

2. A register or roll of troops mustered.

Ye publish the musters of your own hands.

Hooker.

3. A collection, or the act of collecting.

Ainsworth.

To pass muster, to be approved or allowed.

South.

Muster-Book

MUS'TER-BOOK, noun A book in which forces are registered.

Shak.

Muster-Master

MUS'TER-M'ASTER, noun One who takes an account of troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus. The chief officer of this kind is called muster-master-general.

Encyc.

Muster-Roll

MUS'TER-ROLL, noun A roll or register of the troops in each company, troop or regiment.

Encyc.

Mustily

MUS'TILY, adverb [from musty.] Moldily; sourly.

Mustiness

MUS'TINESS, noun The quality of being musty or sour; moldiness; damp foulness.

Evelyn.

Musty

MUS'TY, adjective [from must.] Moldy; sour; foul and fetid; as a musty cask; musty corn or straw; musty books.

2. Stale; spoiled by age.

The proverb is somewhat musty.

Shak.

3. Having an ill flavor; as musty wine.

Pope.

4. Dull; heavy; spiritless.

That he may not grow musty and unfit for conversation.

Addison.

Mutability

MUTABIL'ITY, noun [French mutabilitÃƒ-© Italian mutabilitÃƒ-  Latin mutabilitas, from mutabilis, muto, to change.]

1. Changeableness; susceptibility of change; the quality of being subject to change or alteration, either in form, state or essential qualities.

Plato confesses that the heavens and the frame of the world are corporeal, and therefore subject to mutability.

Stillingfleet.

2. The state of habitually or frequently changing.

3. Changeableness, as of mind, disposition or will; inconstancy; instability; as the mutability of opinion or purpose.

Mutable

MU'TABLE, adjective [Italian mutabile; Latin mutabilis, from muto, to change, Welsh mudaw. See Mew.]

1. Subject to change; changeable; that may be altered in form, qualities or nature. Almost every thing we see on earth is mutable; substances are mutable in their form, and we all know by sad experience how mutable are the conditions of life.

2. Inconstant; unsettled; unstable; susceptible of change. Our opinions and our purposes are mutable.

Mutableness

MU'TABLENESS, noun Changeableness; mutability; instability.

Mutation

MUTA'TION, noun [Latin mutatio.] The act or process of changing.

2. Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.

The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are no fit matter for this present argument.

Bacon.

Mute

MUTE, adjective [Latin mutus; Welsh mÃƒ-»d; French muet; Italian muto; Spanish mudo; Irish muite; Armoric mud or simudet.]

1. Silent; not speaking; not uttering words, or not having the power of utterance; dumb. Mute may express temporary silence, or permanent inability to speak.

To the mute my speech is lost.

Dryden.

In this phrase, it denotes unable to utter words. More generally, it denotes temporarily silent; as, all sat mute.

All the heavenly choir stood mute.

Milton.

2. Uttering no sound; as mute sorrow.

3. Silent; not pronounced; as a mute letter.

Mute

MUTE, noun In law, a person that stands speechless when he ought to answer or plead.

2. In grammar, a letter that represents no sound; a close articulation which intercepts the voice. Mutes are of two kinds, pure and impure. The pure mutes instantly and entirely intercept the voice, as k, p and t, in the syllables ek, ep, et. The impure mutes intercept the voice less suddenly, as the articulations are less close. Such are b, d and g, as in the syllables eb, ed, eg.

3. In music, a little utensil of wood or brass, used on a violin to deaden or soften the sounds.

Busby.

Mute

MUTE, verb intransitive [French mutir.] To eject the contents of the bowels, as birds.

B. Jonson.

Mute

MUTE, noun The dung of fowls.

Mutely

MU'TELY, adverb Silently; without uttering words or sounds.

Milton.

Muteness

MU'TENESS, noun Silence; forbearance of speaking.

Mutilate

MU'TILATE, verb transitive [Latin mutilo, probably from the root of meto, to cut off; French mutiler; Italian mutilare.]

1. To cut off a limb or essential part of an animal body. To cut off the hand or foot is to mutilate the body or the person.

2. To cut or break off, or otherwise separate any important part, as of a statue or building.

Encyc.

3. To retrench, destroy or remove any material part, so as to render the thing imperfect; as, to mutilate the poems of Homer or the orations of Cicero.

Among the mutilated poets of antiquity, there is none whose fragments are so beautiful as those of Sappho.

Addison.

Mutilated

MU'TILATED, participle passive Deprived of a limb or of an essential part.

Mutilated

MU'TILATED, or MU'TILATE, adjective In botany, the reverse of luxuriant; not producing a corol, when not regularly apetalous; applied to flowers.

Lee. Martyn.

Mutilating

MU'TILATING, participle of the present tense Retrenching a limb or an essential part.

Mutilation

MUTILA'TION, noun [Latin mutilatio.] The act of mutilating; deprivation of a limb or of an essential part.

2. Mutilation is a term of very general import, applied to bodies, to statues, to buildings and to writings; but appropriately, it denotes the retrenchment of a human limb or member, and particularly of the male organs of generation.

Mutilator

MU'TILATOR, noun One who mutilates.

Mutilous

MU'TILOUS, adjective Mutilated; defective; imperfect.

Ray.

Mutine, a mutineer, and mutine, to mutiny, are not in use.

Mutineer

MUTINE'ER, noun [See Mutiny.] One guilty of mutiny; a person in military or naval service, who rises in opposition to the authority of the officers, who openly resists the government of the army or navy, or attempts to destroy due subordination.

Muting

MU'TING, noun The dung of fowls.

More.

Mutinous

MU'TINOUS, adjective Turbulent; disposed to resist the authority of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or openly resisting such authority.

2. Seditious. [See Mutiny.]

Mutinously

MU'TINOUSLY, adverb In a manner or with intent to oppose lawful authority or due subordination in military or naval service.

Mutinousness

MU'TINOUSNESS, noun The state of being mutinous; opposition to lawful authority among military men.

Mutiny

MU'TINY, noun [French mutin, refractory, stubborn; mutiner, to mutiny or rise in arms; mutinerie, mutiny; Spanish motin, a mutiny; amotinar, to excite rebellion; Italian mutinare, to mutiny; Portugese motim; Dutch muiten, mutiny, and as a verb, to mutiny, and to mew, to molt or cast the fethers, coinciding with the French muer, to mew; German meuterey, mutiny, and mausen, to mew or molt; Danish myterie; Swedish mytteri, mutiny; Armoric muza, to mew or molt. We see that these words, mutiny and mew, are from the same root as Latin muto, to change, Welsh mudaw, which is radically the same word as Latin moto, to move. Mutiny is formed from the French mutin, a derivative word, and mew from the root or verb. So motin, in Spanish, is a derivative, while muda, change, and Portugese mudar, to change fethers, are directly from the verb; Ethiopic to turn; Arabic to move or drive, or to drive. Class Md. No. 14. 10.]

An insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their commanders; open resistance of officers or opposition to their authority. A mutiny is properly the act of numbers, but by statutes and orders for governing the army and navy in different countries, the acts which constitute mutiny are multiplied and defined; and acts of individuals, amounting to a resistance of the authority or lawful commands of officers, are declared to be mutiny. Any attempt to excite opposition to lawful authority, or any act of contempt towards officers, or disobedience of commands, is by the British mutiny act declared to be mutiny. Any concealment of mutinous acts, or neglect to attempt a suppression of them, is declared also to be mutiny.

[Note. In good authors who lived a century ago, mutiny and mutinous were applied to insurrection and sedition in civil society. But I believe these words are now applied exclusively to soldiers and seamen.]

Mutiny

MU'TINY, verb intransitive To rise against lawful authority in military and naval service; to excite or attempt to excite opposition to the lawful commands of military and naval officers; to commit some act which tends to bring the authority of officers into contempt, or in any way to promote insubordination.

Mutter

MUT'TER, verb intransitive [Latin mutio, muttio, and musso, mussito; allied perhaps to muse, which see.]

1. To utter words with a low voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in complaint; to grumble; to murmur.

Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare,

And mutter to himself.

Dryden.

2. To sound with a low rumbling noise.

Thick lightnings flash, the muttering thunder rolls.

Pope.

Mutter

MUT'TER, verb transitive To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low murmuring voice.

Your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered perverseness. Isaiah 59.

They in sleep will mutter their affairs.

Shak.

Mutter

MUT'TER, noun Murmur; obscure utterance.

Milton.

Muttered

MUT'TERED, participle passive Uttered in a low murmuring voice.

Mutterer

MUT'TERER, noun A grumbler; one that mutters.

Muttering

MUT'TERING, participle of the present tense Uttering with a low murmuring voice; grumbling; murmuring.

Mutteringly

MUT'TERINGLY, adverb With a low voice; without distinct articulation.

Mutton

MUTTON, n. mut'n. [French mouton, for moulton; Welsh mollt, a wether; Armoric maud; Irish molt. Qu. Greek.]

1. The flesh of sheep, raw or dressed for food.

2. A sheep. [But this sense is now obsolete or ludicrous.]

Bacon.

Muttonfist

MUT'TONFIST, noun A large red brawny hand.

Dryden.

Mutual

MU'TUAL, adjective [French mutuel; Latin mutuus, from muto, to change.]

Reciprocal; interchanged each acting in return or correspondence to the other; given and received. Mutual love is that which is entertained by two persons each for the other; mutual advantage is that which is conferred by one person on another, and received by him in return. So we say, mutual assistance, mutual aversion.

And, what should most excite a mutual flame,

Your rural cares and pleasures are the same.

Pope.

Mutuality

MUTUAL'ITY, noun Reciprocation; interchange.

Shak.

Mutually

MU'TUALLY, adverb Reciprocally; in the manner of giving and receiving.

The tongue and the pen mutually assist one another.

Holder.

[Note. Mutual and mutually properly refer to two persons or their intercourse; but they may be and often are applied to numbers acting together or in concert.]

Mutuation

MUTUA'TION, noun [Latin mutuatio.] The act of borrowing. [Little used.]

Hall.

Mutule

MU'TULE, noun [French mutule.] In architecture, a square modillion under the cornice. In French, it is rendered a corbel or bracket.

Muzzle

MUZ'ZLE, noun [French museau, muzzle or snout; Armoric musell; probably from the root of mouth.]

1. The mouth of a thing; the extreme or end for entrance or discharge; applied chiefly to the end of a tube, as the open end of a common fusee or pistol, or of a bellows.

2. A fastening for the mouth which hinders from biting.

With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound.

Dryden.

Muzzle

MUZ'ZLE, verb transitive To bind the mouth; to fasten the mouth to prevent biting or eating.

Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. Deuteronomy 25.

2. To fondle with the mouth close. [Low.]

3. To restrain from hurt.

My dagger muzzledÃ‚--

Shak.

Muzzle

MUZ'ZLE, verb intransitive To bring the mouth near.

The bear muzzles and smells to him.

L'Estrange.

Muzzle-Ring

MUZ'ZLE-RING, noun The metalline ring or circle that surrounds the mouth of a cannon or other piece.

Encyc.

My

MY, pronom. adj. [contracted from migen, mine. Me was originally mig, and the adjective migen. So in Latin meus. See Mine.]

Belonging to me; as, this is my book. Formely, mine was used before a vowel, and my before a consonant; my is now used before both. We say, my book; my own book; my old friend. Mine is still used after a verb; as, this book is mine.

Mynheer

MYNHEE'R, noun [Dutch my lord or master.] A Dutchman.

Myographical

MYOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [See Myography.]

Pertaining to a description of the muscles.

Myographist

MYOG'RAPHIST, noun One who describes the muscles of animals.

Myography

MYOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a muscle, and, to describe.] A description of the muscles of the body.

Myological

MYOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Myology.] Pertaining to the description and doctrine of the muscles.

Myology

MYOL'OGY, noun [, muscle, and, discourse.]

A description of the muscles, or the doctrine of the muscles of the human body.

Cheyne. Encyc.

Myope

MY'OPE, noun [Greek; to shut, and, the eye.] A short-sighted person.

Adams.

Myopy

MY'OPY, noun Short-sightedness.

Encyc.

Myriad

MYR'IAD, noun [Greek, from, extreme, innumerable; Welsh myr, that is infinite, fluctuating, ants, emmets; myrz, infinity, a myriad, ten thousand. Here we see the origin of the Greek, an ant, so named from numbers or motion. See Fervent.]

1. The number of ten thousand.

2. An immense number, indefinitely.

Milton.

Myriameter

MYRIAM'ETER, noun [Greek, ten thousand, and, measure.]

In the new system of French measures, the length of ten thousand meters, equal to two mean leagues of the ancient measure.

Lunier.

Myriarch

MYR'IARCH, noun [Greek, ten thousand, and, chief.]

A captain or commander of ten thousand men.

Myriare

MYR'IARE, noun [Greek and are, Latin area.]

A French linear measure of ten thousand ares, or 100,000 square meters.

Lunier.

Myricin

MYR'ICIN, noun The substance which remains after bees-wax, or the wax of the Myrica cordifolia, has been digested in alcohol.

Dr. John.

Myrioliter

MYRIOL'ITER, noun [Greek and, a pound.] A French measure of capacity containing ten thousand liters, or 610,280 cubic inches.

Myrmidon

MYR'MIDON, noun [Greek, a multitude of ants; Welsh myr; qu. so called from their numbers or from their industry.]

Primarily, the Myrmidons are said to have been a people on the borders of Thessaly, who accompanied Achilles to the war against Troy. Hence the name came to signify a soldier of a rough character, a desperate soldier or ruffian.

Myrobalan

MYROB'ALAN, noun [Latin myrobolanum; Greek; unguent, and, a nut.]

A dried fruit of the plum kind brought from the East Indies, of which there are several kinds, all slightly purgative and astringent, but not now used in medicine.

Parr. Encyc.

Myropolist

MYROP'OLIST, noun [Greek, unguent, and, to sell.] One that sells unguents. [Little used.]

Myrrh

MYRRH, n. mer. [Latin myrrha; Greek or; Spanish Italian mirra; French myrrhe; Arabic, from marra, to be bitter. Class Mr.]

A gum-resin that comes in the form of drops or globules of various colors and sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter taste. It is imported from Egypt, but chiefly from the southern or eastern parts of Arabia; from what species of tree or plant it is procured, is unknown. As a medicine, it is a good stomachic, antispasmodic and cordial.

Parr. Fourcroy. Encyc.

Myrrhine

MYR'RHINE, adjective [Latin myrrhinus.] Made of the myrrhine stone. [See Murrine.]

Milton.

Myrtiform

MYR'TIFORM, adjective [Latin myrtus, myrtle, and form.] Resembling myrtle or myrtle berries.

Myrtle

MYR'TLE, noun [Latin myrtus; Greek.] A plant of the genus Myrtus, of several species. The common myrtle rises with a shrubby upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close full head, closely garnished with oval lanceolate leaves. It has numerous small, pale flowers from the axillas, singly on each footstalk.

Encyc.

Myrus

MY'RUS, noun A species of sea-serpent, of the anguilliform kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Myself

MYSELF', pronoun A compound of my and self, used after I, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinction between the speaker and another person; as, I myself will do it; I have done it myself.

2. In the objective case, the reciprocal of I. I will defend myself.

3. It is sometimes used without I, particularly in poetry.

Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor.

Addison.

Mystagogue

MYSTAGOGUE, noun mys'tagog. [Greek, one initiated in mysteries, and, a leader.]

1. One who interprets mysteries.

Bailey.

2. One that keeps church relics and shows them to strangers.

Bailey.

Mysterial

MYSTE'RIAL, adjective Containing a mystery or enigma.

B. Jonson.

Mysteriarch

MYSTE'RIARCH, noun [Greek, mystery, and, chief.]

One presiding over mysteries.

Johnson.

Mysterious

MYSTE'RIOUS, adjective [See Mystery.] Obscure; hid from the understanding; not clearly understood. The birth and connections of the man with the iron mask in France are mysterious, and have never been explained.

2. In religion, obscure; secret; not revealed or explained; hidden from human understanding, or unintelligible; beyond human comprehension. Applied to the divine counsels and government, the word often implies something awfully obscure; as, the ways of God are often mysterious.

Mysteriously

MYSTE'RIOUSLY, adverb Obscurely; enigmatically.

2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligible.

Mysteriousness

MYSTE'RIOUSNESS, noun Obscurity; the quality of being hid from the understanding, and calculated to excite curiosity or wonder.

2. Artful perplexity.

Mystery

MYS'TERY, noun [Latin mysterium, Greek, a secret. This word in Greek is rendered also murium latibulum; but probably both senses are from that of hiding or shuting; Greek, to shut, to conceal.]

1. A profound secret; something wholly unknown or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder; such as the mystery of the man with the iron mask in France.

2. In religion, any thing in the character or attributes of God, or in the economy of divine providence, which is not revealed to man.

President Moore.

3. That which is beyond human comprehension until explained. In this sense, mystery often conveys the idea of something awfully sublime or important; something that excites wonder.

Great is the mystery of godliness. 1 Timothy 3.

Having made known to us the mystery of his will. Ephesians 1.

We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery. 1 Corinthians 2.

4. An enigma; any thing artfully made difficult.

5. A kind of ancient dramatic representation.

Bp. Percy.

6. A trade; a calling; any mechanical occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to those who carry it on, and therefore a secret to others.

[The word in the latter sense has been supposed to have a different origin from the foregoing, viz. French metier, Norm. mestier, business, trade, occupation, as if from Norm. mestie, master. But this is probably incorrect.]

Mystic

MYS'TIC, or MYS'TICAL, adjective [Latin mysticus; Greek.] Obscure; hid; secret.

Dryden.

2. Sacredly obscure or secret; remote from human comprehension.

God hath revealed a way mystical and supernatural.

Hooker.

3. Involving some secret meaning; allegorical; emblematical; as mystic dance; mystic Babylon.

Milton. Burnet.

Mystically

MYS'TICALLY, adverb In a manner or by an act implying a secret meaning.

Donne.

Mysticalness

MYS'TICALNESS, noun The quality of being mystical, or of involving some secret meaning.

Mysticism

MYS'TICISM, noun Obscurity of doctrine.

2. The doctrine of the Mystics, who profess a pure, sublime and perfect devotion, wholly disinterested, and maintain that they hold immediate intercourse with the divine Spirit.

Mystics

MYS'TICS, noun A religious sect who profess to have direct intercourse with the Spirit of God.

Mythic

MYTH'IC, adjective [from Greek, a fable.] Fabulous.

Shuckford.

Mythological

MYTHOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Mythology.] Relating to mythology; fabulous.

Mythologically

MYTHOLOG'ICALLY, adverb In a way suited to the system of fables.

Mythologist

MYTHOL'OGIST, noun One versed in mythology; one who writes on mythology, or explains the fables of the ancient pagans.

Norris.

Mythologize

MYTHOL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To relate or explain the fabulous history of the heathen.

Mythology

MYTHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a fable, and, discourse.]

A system of fables or fabulous opinions and doctrines respecting the deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside over the world or to influence the affairs of it.

Mytilite

MYT'ILITE, noun [Greek, a kind of shell.]

In geology, a petrified muscle or shell of the genus Mytilus.

Kirwan.

N

N

N, is the fourteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and an articulation formed by placing the end of the tongue against the root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect mute or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter; the articulation being accompanied with a sound through the nose. It has one sound only, and after m is silent or nearly so, as in hymn and condemn.

N, among the ancients, was a numeral letter signifying 900, and with a stroke over it, N, 9000. Among the lawyers, N. Latin stood for non liquet, the case is not clear.

In commerce, No. is an abbreviation of the French nombre, and stands for number.

N. S. stands for New Style.

Nab

NAB, noun The summit of a mountain or rock. [Local.]

Grose.

Nab

NAB, verb transitive [Swedish nappa; Danish napper; German, Dutch knappen. See Knap.]

To catch suddenly; to seize by a sudden grasp or thrust; a word little used and only in low language.

Nabob

NA'BOB, noun A deputy or prince in India, subordinate to the Subahs; hence,

2. A man of great wealth.

Nacker

NACKER. [See Naker.]

Nacreous

NA'CREOUS, adjective [See Naker.] Having a pearly luster.

Phillips.

Nacrite

NA'CRITE, noun [See Naker.] A rare mineral, called also talckite, consisting of scaly parts; glimmering, pearly, friable, with a greasy feel; the color, a greenish white.

Jameson. Ure.

Nadir

NA'DIR, noun [Arabic, from natara, to be like, proportional, corresponding to, opposite.]

That point of the heavens or lower hemisphere directly opposite to the zenith; the point directly under the place where we stand.

Nadle-Stein

NA'DLE-STEIN, noun [German nadel and stein.] Needle-stone; rutile.

Ure.

Naeve

NAEVE, noun [Latin noevus.] A spot.

Dryden.

Nafe

NAFE, or NAFF, noun A kind of tufted sea-fowl.

Todd.

Nag

NAG, noun A small horse; a horse in general, or rather a sprightly horse.

L'Estrange.

2. A paramour; in contempt.

Shak.

Naid

NAID, or NA'IAD, noun [Greek, naiads, from, to flow.]

In mythology, a water nymph; a deity that presides over rivers and springs.

Nail

NAIL, noun [Saxon noegel; Swedish German, Dutch nagel; Danish nagle; Russian nagot; Sanscrit naga or nakha. If the word was originally applied to a claw or talon, the primary sense may be to catch, or it may be a shoot.]

1. The claw or talon of a fowl or other animal.

2. The horny substance growing at the end of the human fingers and toes.

3. A small pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, to be driven into a board or other piece of timber, and serving to fasten it to other timber. The larger kinds of instruments of this sort are called spikes; and a long thin kind wiht a flattish head, is called a brad.

4. A stud or boss; a short nail with a large broad head.

Swift.

5. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the 16th of a yard.

On the nail, in hand; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail.

Swift.

To hit the nail on the head, to hit or touch the exact point.

Nail

NAIL, verb transitive To fasten with nails; to unite, close or make compact with nails.

2. To stud with nails.

The rivets of your arms were nail'd with gold.

Dryden.

3. To stop the vent of a cannon; to spike.

Nailed

NA'ILED, participle passive Fastened with nails; studded.

Nailer

NA'ILER, noun One whose occupation is to make nails.

Nailery

NA'ILERY, noun A manufactory where nails are made.

Nailing

NA'ILING, participle of the present tense Fastening with nails; studding.

Naively

NA'IVELY, adverb [French naÃƒ-¯f, from Latin nativus.] With native or unaffected simplicity.

Naivete

NA'IVETE, or NA'IVTY, noun Native simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness.

Gray.

Naked

NA'KED, adjective [Saxon nacod; German nacket, nackt; Dutch naakt; Swedish naken; Danish nÃƒ-¶gen; Russian nagei, nagost, and nagota, nakedness; Irish nochta, open, discovered; nochduighe, naked;

nochduighim, to strip. Class Ng. No. 5. 10. 47. and 15. 16.]

1. Not covered; bare; having no clothes on; as a naked body or a naked limb.

2. Unarmed; defenseless; open; exposed; having no means of defense or protection against an enemy's attack, or against other injury.

Behold my bosom naked to your swords.

Addison.

3. Open to view; not concealed; manifest. Hebrews 4.

4. Destitute of worldly goods. Job 1.

5. Exposed to shame and disgrace. Exodus 32.

6. Guilty and exposed to divine wrath. Revelation 3.

7. Plain; evident; undisguised; as the naked truth.

8. Mere; bare; simple; wanting the necessary additions. God requires of man something besides the naked belief of his being and his word.

9. Not inclosed in a pod or case; as naked seeds of a plant.

10. Without leaves, fulcres or arms; as a naked stem or trunk.

Martyn.

11. Not assisted by glasses; as the naked eye.

Nakedly

NA'KEDLY, adverb Without covering.

2. Simply; barely; merely; in the abstract.

Holder.

3. Evidently.

Nakedness

NA'KEDNESS, noun Want of covering or clothing; nudity; bareness.

Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father. Genesis 9.

2. Want of means of defense.

Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land are ye come. Genesis 42.

3. Plainness; openness to view.

Shak.

To uncover nakedness, in Scripture, is to have incestuous or unlawful commerce with a female.

Naker

NA'KER, noun A violent flatulence passing from one limb to another with pain.

Parr.

Naker

NA'KER, noun [Spanish nacar; Italian nacchera; French nacre.]

Mother of pearl; the white substance which constitutes the interior surface of a shell producing a pearl.

Nall

NALL, noun [Danish naal, a needle.] An awl, such as collar-makers or shoe-makers use. [Not used or local.]

Johnson.

Name

NAME, noun [Saxon nama; Dutch naam; German name; Swedish namn; Danish navn; Icelandic nafn; Latin nomen; Greek; Italian Portugese nome; Spanish nombre; French nom; Pers. nam, namah; Sanscrit and Hindoo, nama, nom; Malay and Bengalee, namma; Ostiak, nemen. Qu. Hebrew.]

1. That by which a thing is called; the sound or combination of sounds used to express an idea, or any material substance, quality or act; an appellation attached to a thing by customary use, by which it may be vocally distinguished from other things. A name may be attached to an individual only, and is then proper or appropriate, as John, Thomas, London, Paris; or it may be attached to a species, genus or class of things, as sheep, goat, horse, tree, animal, which are called common names, specific or generic.

2. The letters or characters written or engraved, expressing the sounds by which a person or thing is known and distinguished.

3. A person.

They list with women each degenerate name.

Dryden.

4. Reputation; character; that which is commonly said of a person; as a good name; a bad name.

Clarendon.

5. Renown; fame; honor; celebrity; eminence; praise; distinction.

What men of name resort to him?

Shak.

But in this sense, the word is often qualified by an epithet; as a great name; a mighty name.

6. Remembrance; memory.

The Lord shall blot out his name from under heaven. Deuteronomy 29.

7. Appearance only; sound only; not reality; as a friend in name. Revelation 3.

8. Authority; behalf; part; as in the name of the people. When a man speaks or acts in the name of another, he does it by their authority or in their behalf, as their representative.

9. Assumed character of another.

Ã‚--Had forged a treason in my patron's name.

Dryden.

10. In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attributes, his will or purpose, his honor and glory, his word, his grace, his wisdom, power and goodness, his worship or service, or God himself.

11. Issue; posterity that preserves the name. Deuteronomy 25.

12. In grammar, a noun.

To call names, to apply opprobrious names; to call by reproachful appellations.

Swift.

To take the name of God in vain, to swear falsely or profanely, or to use the name of God with levity or contempt. Exodus 20.

To know by name, to honor by a particular friendship or familiarity. Exodus 33.

Christian name, the name a person receives by baptism, as distinguished from surname.

Name

NAME, verb transitive [Saxon naman, nemnan, Gothic namnyan, to call, to name, to invoke; Dutch noemen; German nennen; Swedish n?mna; Danish noevner.]

1. To set or give to any person or thing a sound or combination of sounds by which it may be known and distinguished; to call; to give an appellation to.

She named the child Ichabod. 1 Samuel 4.

Thus was the building left

Ridiculous, and the work confusion named.

Milton.

2. To mention by name; to utter or pronounce the sound or sounds by which a person or thing is known and distinguished.

Neither use thyself to the naming of the Holy One.

Ecclus.

3. To nominate; to designate for any purpose by name.

Thou shalt anoint to me him whom I name to thee. I Samaritan xvi.

4. To entitle.

Milton.

To name the name of Christ, to make profession of faith in him. 2 Timothy 4.

Named

NA'MED, participle passive Called; denominated; designated by name.

Nameless

NA'MELESS, adjective Without a name; not distinguished by an appellation; as a nameless star.

Waller.

2. He or that whose name is not known or mentioned.

Atterbury.

Namely

NA'MELY, adverb To mention by name; particularly.

For the excellency of the soul, namely, its power of divining in dreams; that several such divinations have been made, none can question.

Addison.

Namer

NA'MER, noun One that names or calls by name.

Namesake

NA'MESAKE, noun One that has the same name as another.

Addison.

Naming

NA'MING, participle of the present tense Calling; nominating; mentioning.

Nan

NAN, a Welsh word signifying what, used as an interrogative. [This word has been extensively used within my memory by the common people of New England.]

Nankeen

NANKEE'N, noun [Nankin, a Chinese word.] A species of cotton cloth of a firm texture, from China, now imitated by the manufacturers in Great Britain.

Nap

NAP, noun [Saxon hnappian. Qu. its connection with hnepan, to lean, that is, to nod.]

A short sleep or slumber.

Sidney.

Nap

NAP, verb intransitive To have a short sleep; to be drowsy.

2. To be in a careless, secure state.

Wickliffe.

Nap

NAP, noun [Saxon hnoppa, nap; Italian nappa, a tassel; Arabic kinabon. Class Nb. No. 20.]

1. The woolly or villous substance on the surface of cloth.

2. The downy or soft hairy substance on plants.

Martyn.

3. A knop. [See Knop.]

Nape

NAPE, noun [Saxon cnoep, a knob; Arabic kanaba, to be hard or callous, whence a callus. Class Nb. No. 20.]

The prominent joint of the neck behind.

Bacon.

Napery

NA'PERY, noun [French nappe; Italian nappa, napparie.]

Linen for the table; table cloths or linen cloth in general. Obs.

Shelton.

Naphew

NAPH'EW, noun [Latin napus, a turnep; Saxon cnoep, a knob.] A plant.

Naphtha

NAPH'THA, noun [Latin Greek Chaldee Syriac Arabic from nafata, to push out, as pustules, to throw out, to boil, to be angry. In Amharic, neft or nepht, from this sense, signifies a gun or musket.]

An inflammable mineral substance of the bituminous kind, of a light brown or yellowish color, sharp taste, and incapable of decomposition. By long keeping it hardens into a substance resembling vegetable resin, and becomes black. It is as inflammable as ether. It is said to issue from the earth at Baku, in Persia, and to be received into cisterns.

Encyc. Kirwan.

Naphtha consists of carbon and hydrogen.

Thomson.

Naphthaline

NAPH'THALINE, noun A peculiar crystalizable substance, deposited from naphtha distilled from coal tar, consisting of hydrogen and carbon.

Webster's Manual.

Napkin

NAP'KIN, noun [French nape, cloth; of which napkin is a diminutive.]

1. A cloth used for wiping the hands; a towel.

2. A handkerchief. Obs.

Shak.

Napless

NAP'LESS, adjective Without nap; threadbare.

Shak.

Nappal

NAP'PAL, noun Soap rock.

Pinkerton.

Nappiness

NAP'PINESS, noun The quality of being sleepy or inclined to take naps.

2. The quality of having a nap; abundance of nap; as on cloth.

Nappy

NAP'PY, adjective [from nap.] Frothy; spumy; as nappy beer.

Gay.

Naptaking

NAP'TAKING, adjective Taking naps.

Naptaking

NAP'TAKING, noun A taking by surprise, as when one is not on his guard; unexpected onset when one is unprepared.

Carew.

Narcissus

NARCIS'SUS, noun [Latin; Greek.] In botany, the daffodil, a genus of plants of several species. They are of the bulbousrooted tribe, perennial in root, but with annual leaves and flower stalks.

Encyc.

Narcotic

NARCOT'IC, or NARCOT'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to render torpid.]

Causing stupor, stupefaction, or insensibility to pain; soporific; inducing sleep.

Quincy. Encyc.

Narcotic

NARCOT'IC, noun A medicine which stupefies the senses and renders insensible to pain; hence, a medicine which induces sleep; a soporific; an opiate.

Quincy. Encyc.

Narcotically

NARCOT'ICALLY, adverb By producing torpor or drowsiness.

Whitlock.

Narcoticness

NARCOT'ICNESS, noun The quality of inducing sleep or removing pain.

Narcotine

N`ARCOTINE, noun The pure narcotic principle of opium.

Journ. of Science.

Nard

N`ARD, noun [Latin nardus, nardum; Greek; from the Arabic, Phenician, Syriac or Persian, probably the latter. It is a native of India, where it is called jatamansi and sumbul. Sir Wm. Jones.]

1. A plant usually called spikenard, spicanardi; highly valued by the ancients, both as an article of luxury and of medicine. It is an odorous or aromatic plant.

2. An unguent prepared from the plant.

Nardine

N`ARDINE, adjective Pertaining to nard; having the qualities of spikenard.

Asiat. Res.

Nare

NARE, noun [Latin naris.] The nostril. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Narrable

NAR'RABLE, adjective [Latin narrabilis. See Narrate.]

That may be related, told or narrated. [Not used.]

Narrate

NAR'RATE, verb transitive [Latin narro; Italian narrare; Spanish narrar; French narrer. Class Nr. No. 2. 5. 6.]

1. To tell, rehearse or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of any event or transaction, or any series of incidents.

2. To write, as the particulars of a story or history. We never say, to narrate a sentence, a sermon or an oration, but we narrate, a story, or the particular events which have fallen under our observation, or which we have heard related.

Narrated

NAR'RATED, participle passive Related; told.

Narrating

NAR'RATING, participle of the present tense Relating; telling; reciting.

Narration

NARRA'TION, noun [Latin narratio.] The act of telling or relating the particulars of an event; rehearsal; recital.

2. Relation; story; history; the relation in words or writing, of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of any series of transactions or events.

3. In oratory, that part of a discourse which recites the time, manner or consequences of an action, or simply states the facts connected with the subject.

Narrative

NAR'RATIVE, adjective [French narratif.] Relating the particulars of an event or transaction; giving a particular or continued account.

2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of events; story-telling.

But wise through time and narrative with age.

Pope.

Narrative

NAR'RATIVE, noun The recital of a story, or a continued account of the particulars of an event or transaction; story.

Cynthio was much taken with my narrative.

Tatler.

Narratively

NAR'RATIVELY, adverb By way of narration, story or recital.

Ayliffe.

Narrator

NARRA'TOR, noun One that narrates; one that relates a series of events or transactions.

Watts.

Narratory

NAR'RATORY, adjective Giving an account of events.

Howell.

Narrow

NAR'ROW, adjective [Saxon neara, nearo, nearu, nearew. I suspect this word and near to be contracted by the loss of g, Welsh nig, narrow, strait; nigiaw, to narrow; for the Dutch has naauw, narrow, close, German genau, with a prefix. In this case, the word belongs to the root of nigh; Dutch naaken, to approach.]

1. Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from side to side; as a narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow sea; a narrow hem or border. It is only or chiefly applied to the surface of flat or level bodies.

2. Of little extent; very limited; as a narrow space or compass.

3. Covetous; not liberal or bountiful; as a narrow heart.

4. Contracted; of confined views or sentiments; very limited.

The greatest understanding is narrow.

Grew.

In this sense and the former, it is often prefixed to mind or soul, &c.; as narrow-minded; narrow-souled; narrow-hearted.

5. Near; within a small distance.

Dryden.

6. Close; near; accurate; scrutinizing; as a narrow search; narrow inspection.

7. Near; barely sufficient to avoid evil; as a narrow escape.

Narrow

NAR'ROW, or NAR'ROWS, noun A strait; a narrow passage through a mountain, or a narrow channel of water between one sea or lake and another; a sound. It is usually in the plural, but sometimes in the singular.

Washington. Mitford.

Narrow

NAR'ROW, verb transitive To lessen the breadth of; to contract.

A government, by alienating the affections of the people, may be said to narrow its bottom.

Temple.

2. To contract in extent; as, to narrow one's influence; to narrow the faculties or capacity.

3. To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to limit; to confine; as, to narrow our views or knowledge; to narrow a question in discussion.

4. In knitting, to contract the size of a stocking by taking two stitches into one.

Narrow

NAR'ROW, verb intransitive To become less broad; to contract in breadth. At that place, the sea narrows into a strait.

2. In horsemanship, a horse is said to narrow, when he does not take ground enough, or bear out enough to the one hand or the other.

Far. Dict.

3. To contract the size of a stocking by taking two stitches into one.

Narrowed

NAR'ROWED, participle passive Contracted; made less wide.

Narrowing

NAR'ROWING, participle of the present tense Contracting; making less broad.

Narrowings

NAR'ROWINGS, noun The part of a stocking which is narrowed.

Narrowly

NAR'ROWLY, adverb With little breadth.

2. Contractedly; without much extent.

3. Closely; accurately; with minute scrutiny; as, to look or watch narrowly; to search narrowly.

4. Nearly; within a little; by a small distance; as, he narrowly escaped.

5. Sparingly.

Narrowness

NAR'ROWNESS, noun Smallness of breadth or distance from side to side; as the narrowness of cloth, of a street or highway, of a stream or sea.

2. Smallness of extent; contractedness; as the narrowness of capacity or comprehension; narrowness of knowledge or attainments.

3. Smallness of estate or means of living; poverty; as the narrowness of fortune or of circumstances.

South.

4. Contractedness; penuriousness; covetousness; as narrowness of heart.

5. Illiberality; want of generous, enlarged or charitable views or sentiments; as narrowness of mind or views.

Narwal

N`ARWAL, or N`ARWHAL, noun [German narwall.] The Monodon monoceros, a cetaceous animal found in the northern seas, which grows to twenty feet in length. The spiracle of this animal is on the anterior part of the skull. When young it has two teeth or horns, but when old it has but one, which projects from the upper jaw and is spiral. From this circumstance of its having one horn only, it has obtained the name of the sea unicorn, or unicorn fish.

Pennant. Encyc.

Nas

NAS, for ne has, has not. Obs.

Spenser.

Nasal

NA'SAL, a. s as z. [Latin nasus, nose; Italian nasale.]

Pertaining to the nose; formed or affected by the nose; as a nasal sound; a nasal letter.

Nasal

NA'SAL, n. s as z. A letter whose sound is affected by the nose.

2. A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine.

Barton.

Nascal

NAS'CAL, noun A kind of medicated pessary.

Ferrand.

A pessary made of wool or cotton, to raise the nose when compressed.

Parr.

Nascent

NAS'CENT, adjective [Latin nascens, nasco, to be born.]

Beginning to exist or to grow; coming into being.

Black.

Naseberry

NA'SEBERRY, noun The naseberry tree is a species of the genus Sloanea.

Fam. of Plants.

Nasicornous

NAS'ICORNOUS, adjective [Latin nasus, nose, and cornu, horn.]

Having a horn growing on the nose.

Brown.

Nastily

N`ASTILY, adverb [from nasty.] In a nasty manner; filthily; dirtily.

2. Obscenely.

Nastiness

N`ASTINESS, noun Extreme filthiness; dirtiness; filth.

2. Obscenity; ribaldry.

South.

Nasturtion

NASTUR'TION, noun [Latin nasturtium; quod nasum torqueat. Varro.]

A plant of the genus Tropoeolum; Indian cresses.

Nasty

N`ASTY, adjective [origin unknown. Qu. German nass, wet.]

1. Disgustingly filthy; very dirty, foul or defiled; nauseous.

Atterbury.

2. Obscene.

Nasus

NA'SUS, noun A fresh water fish, about nine inches in length, resembling the chub. It is found in the Danube, Rhine and other large rivers of Germany.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Natal

NA'TAL, adjective [Latin natalis, from nascor, to be born.]

Pertaining to birth. The natal day is the day of birth or nativity. So we say, natal hour; natal place.

Camden. Prior.

Natalitial

NATALI'TIAL, or NATALI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin natalitius, from nascor, to be born.]

Pertaining to one's birth or birth day, or consecrated to one's nativity.

Evelyn.

Natant

NA'TANT, adjective [Latin natans, from nato, to swim.]

In botany, swimming; floating on the surface of water; as the leaf of an aquatic plant.

Lee. Martyn.

Natation

NATA'TION, noun [Latin natatio, from nato, to swim.]

A swimming; the act of floating on the water. [Little used.]

Brown.

Natatory

NA'TATORY, adjective Enabling to swim.

Brit. Crit.

Natch

NATCH, noun [for notch.] The part of an ox between the loins, near the rump.

Marshal.

Nathless

NATH'LESS, adverb [Saxon natheles; na, the and less, not the less.]

Nevertheless; not the less; notwithstanding. Obs.

Milton.

Nathmore

NATH'MORE, adverb [na, the and more.]

Not the more; never the more. Obs.

Spenser.

Nation

NA'TION, noun [Latin natio, from natus, born; nascor, to be born; perhaps Hebrew.]

1. A body of people inhabiting the same country, or united under the same sovereign or government; as the English nation; the French nation. It often happens that many nations are subject to one government; in which case, the word nation usually denotes a body of people speaking the same language, or a body that has formerly been under a distinct government, but has been conquered, or incorporated with a larger nation. Thus the empire of Russia comprehends many nations, as did formerly the Roman and Persian empires. Nation, as its etymology imports, originally denoted a family or race of men descended from a common progenitor, like tribe, but by emigration, conquest and intermixture of men of different families, this distinction is in most countries lost.

2. A great number, by way of emphasis.

Young.

National

NA'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a nation; as national customs, dress or language.

2. Public; general; common to a nation; as a national calamity.

3. Attached or unduly attached to one's own country. The writer manifested much national prejudice. He was too national to be impartial.

Nationality

NATIONAL'ITY, noun National character; also, the quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation.

Boswell.

Nationalize

NA'TIONALIZE, verb transitive To make national; to give to one the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar attachments which belong to citizens of the same nation.

Nationally

NA'TIONALLY, adverb In regard to the nation; as a whole nation.

The JewsÃ‚--being nationally espoused to God by covenant.

South.

Native

NA'TIVE, adjective [Latin nativus, from nascor, natus, to be born.]

1. Produced by nature; original; born with the being; natural; not acquired; as native genius; native affections; a native talent or disposition; native cheerfulness; native simplicity.

2. Produced by nature; not factitious or artificial; as native ore; native color.

3. Conferred by birth; as native rights and privileges.

4. Pertaining to the place of birth; as native soil; native country; native graves.

Shak.

5. Original; that of which any thing is made; as man's native dust.

Milton.

6. Born with; Congenial.

Shak.

Native

NA'TIVE, noun One born in any place is said to be a native of that place, whether country, city or town.

2. Offspring. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Natively

NA'TIVELY, adverb By birth; naturally; originally.

Taylor. Lightfoot.

Nativeness

NA'TIVENESS, noun State of being produced by nature.

Johnson.

Nativity

NATIV'ITY, noun Birth; the coming into life or the world. The feast of Christmas is observed in memory of Christ's nativity.

2. Time, place and manner of birth; as, to calculate one's nativity.

3. State or place of being produced.

These, in their dark nativity, the deep

Shall yield us pregnant with infernal flame.

Milton.

Natka

NAT'KA, noun A bird, a species of shrike.

Pennant.

Natrolite

NA'TROLITE, noun A variety of mesotype or zeolite, so called by Klaproth on account of the great quantity of soda it contains.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Natron

NA'TRON, noun Native carbonate of soda, or mineral alkali. [See Niter.]

Natural

NAT'URAL, adjective [French naturel; Latin naturalis, from natura, nature, from nascor, to be born or produced.]

1. Pertaining to nature; produced or effected by nature, or by the laws of growth, formation or motion impressed on bodies or beings by divine power. Thus we speak of the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color; natural beauty. In this sense, natural is opposed to artificial or acquired.

2. According to the stated course of things. Poverty and shame are the natural consequences of certain vices.

3. Not forced; not far fetched; such as is dictated by nature. The gestures of the orator are natural.

4. According to the life; as a natural representation of the face.

5. Consonant to nature.

Fire and warmth go together, and so seem to carry with them as natural an evidence as selfevident truths themselves.

Locke.

6. Derived from nature, as opposed to habitual. The love of pleasure is natural; the love of study is usually habitual or acquired.

7. Discoverable by reason; not revealed; as natural religion.

8. Produced or coming in the ordinary course of things, or the progress of animals and vegetables; as a natural death; opposed to violent or premature.

9. Tender; affectionate by nature.

Shak.

10. Unaffected; unassumed; according to truth and reality.

What can be more natural than the circumstances of the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day?

Addison.

11. Illegitimate; born out of wedlock; as a natural son.

12. Native; vernacular; as one's natural language.

Swift.

13. Derived from the study of the works of nature; as natural knowledge.

Addison.

14. A natural note, in music, is that which is according to the usual order of the scale; opposed to flat and sharp notes, which are called artificial.

Natural history, in its most extensive sense, is the description of whatever is created, or of the whole universe, including the heavens and the earth, and all the productions of the earth. But more generally, natural history is limited to a description of the earth and its productions, including zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, meteorology, &c.

Natural philosophy, the science of material natural bodies, of their properties, powers and motions. It is distinguished from intellectual and moral philosophy, which respect the mind or understanding of man and the qualities of actions. Natural philosophy comprehends mechanics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, chimistry, magnetism, electricity, galvanism, &c.

Natural

NAT'URAL, noun An idiot; one born without the usual powers of reason or understanding. This is probably elliptical for natural fool.

2. A native; an original inhabitant. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

3. Gift of nature; natural quality. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson. Wotton.

Naturalism

NAT'URALISM, noun Mere state of nature.

Lavington.

Naturalist

NAT'URALIST, noun One that studies natural history and philosophy or physics; one that is versed in natural history or philosophy. It is more generally applied to one that is versed in natural history.

Naturalization

NATURALIZA'TION, noun [See Naturalize.] The act of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen. Naturalization in Great Britain is only by act of parliament. In the United States, it is by act of Congress, vesting certain tribunals with the power.

Naturalize

NAT'URALIZE, verb transitive [from natural, nature.]

1. To confer on an alien the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen; to adopt foreigners into a nation or state, and place them in the condition of natural born subjects.

2. To make natural; to render easy and familiar by custom and habit; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.

South.

3. To adapt; to make suitable; to acclimate; as, to naturalize one to a climate.

4. To receive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular; to make our own; as, to naturalize foreign words.

5. To accustom; to habituate; as, to naturalize the vine to a cold climate.

Gibbon.

Naturalized

NAT'URALIZED, participle passive Invested with the privileges of natives; rendered easy and familiar; adapted to a climate; acclimated; received as native.

Naturalizing

NAT'URALIZING, participle of the present tense Vesting with the rights of native subjects; making easy; acclimating; adopting.

Naturally

NAT'URALLY, adverb According to nature; by the force or impulse of nature; not by art or habit. We are naturally prone to evil.

2. According to nature; without affectation; with just representation; according to life.

3. According to the usual course of things; as, the effect or consequence naturally follows.

4. Spontaneously; without art or cultivation. Every plant must have grown naturally in some place or other.

Naturalness

NAT'URALNESS, noun The state of being given or produced by nature; as the naturalness of desire.

South.

2. Conformity to nature, or to truth and reality; not affectation; as the naturalness of the eyebrows.

Dryden.

Naturals

NAT'URALS, n. plu. Among physicians, whatever belongs naturally to an animal; opposed to non-naturals. [It may perhaps be sometimes used in the singular.]

Nature

NA'TURE, noun [French id.; Latin Spanish Italian natura; from natus, born, produced, from nascor.]

1. In a general sense, whatever is made or produced; a word that comprehends all the works of God; the universe. Of a phenix we say, there is no such thing in nature.

And look through nature up to nature's God.

Pope.

2. By a metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the powers that produce them. By the expression, "trees and fossils are produced by nature," we mean, they are formed or produced by certain inherent powers in matter, or we mean that they are produced by God, the Creator, the Author of whatever is made or produced. The opinion that things are produced by inherent powers of matter, independent of a supreme intelligent author, is atheism. But generally men mean by nature, thus used, the Author of created things, or the operation of his power.

3. The essence, essential qualities or attributes of a thing, which constitute it what it is; as the nature of the soul; the nature of blood; the nature of a fluid; the nature of plants, or of a metal; the nature of a cir- cle or an angle. When we speak of the nature of man, we understand the peculiar constitution of his body or mind, or the qualities of the species which distinguish him from other animals. When we speak of the nature of a man, or an individual of the race, we mean his particular qualities or constitution; either the peculiar temperament of his body, or the affections of his mind, his natural appetites, passions, disposition or temper. So of irrational animals.

4. The established or regular course of things; as when we say, an event is not according to nature, or it is out of the order of nature.

Boyle.

5. A law or principle of action or motion in a natural body. A stone by nature falls, or inclines to fall.

Boyle.

6. Constitution; aggregate powers of a body, especially a living one. We say, nature is strong or weak; nature is almost exhausted.

Boyle.

7. The constitution and appearances of things.

The works, whether of poets, painters, moralists or historians, which are built upon general nature, live forever.

Reynolds.

8. Natural affection or reverence.

Have we not seen

The murdering son ascend his parent's bed,

Through violated nature force his way?

Pope.

9. System of created things.

He binding nature fast in fate,

Left conscience free and will.

Pope.

10. Sort; species; kind; particular character.

A dispute of this nature caused mischief to a king and an archbishop.

Dryden.

11. Sentiments or images conformed to nature, or to truth and reality.

Only nature can please those tastes which are unprejudiced and refined.

Addison.

12. Birth. No man is noble by nature.

Nature

NA'TURE, verb transitive To endow with natural qualities. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Naturist

NA'TURIST, noun One who ascribes every thing to nature.

Boyle.

Naturity

NATU'RITY, noun The quality or state of being produced by nature. [A very bad word and not used.]

Brown.

Naufrage

NAU'FRAGE, noun [Latin naufragium; navis, a ship, and frango, to break. See Wreck, which is from the same root, break, Latin fractus.] Shipwreck. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Naufragous

NAU'FRAGOUS, adjective Causing shipwreck. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Naught

NAUGHT, n. naut. [Saxon naht, naught; compounded of ne and aught or wiht, a creature, wight; Gothic niwaiht. Waiht coincides with wight, Latin quid, quod. See Aught.] Nothing.

Doth Job serve God for naught? Job 1.

Thou sellest thy people for naught. Psalm 44.

To set at naught, to slight, disregard or despise.

Ye have set at naught all my counsel. Proverbs 1.

Naught

NAUGHT, adv. naut. In no degree.

To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied.

Fairfax.

Naught

NAUGHT, a. naut. Bad; worthless; of no value or account.

Things naught and things indifferent.

Hooker.

It is naught, it is naught, says the buyer. Proverbs 20.

Naughtily

NAUGHTILY, adv. naut'ily. Wickedly; corruptly.

Naughtiness

NAUGHTINESS, n. naut'iness. Badness; wickedness; evil principle or purpose.

I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thy heart. 1 Samuel 17.

2. Slight wickedness of children; perverseness; mischievousness.

Dryden. Shak. Sidney.

Naughty

NAUGHTY, a. naut'y. Wicked; corrupt.

A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. Prov. 6.

2. Bad; worthless.

The other basket had very naughty figs. Jeremiah 24.

3. Mischievous; perverse; froward; as a naughty child. It is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children.

Naulage

NAUL'AGE, noun [Latin naulum.] The freight of passengers in a ship. [Little used.]

Naumachy

NAU'MACHY, noun [Latin naumachia; Greek; a ship, and, fight.]

1. Among the ancient Romans, a show or spectacle representing a sea-fight.

2. The place where these shows were exhibited.

Encyc.

Nausea

NAU'SEA, noun [Latin from Greek, from, a ship.]

Originally and properly, sea-sickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach, accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; lothing; squeamishness of the stomach.

Nauseate

NAU'SEATE, verb intransitive [Latin nauseo.] To become squeamish; to feel disgust; to be inclined to reject from the stomach.

Nauseate

NAU'SEATE, verb transitive To lothe; to reject with disgust.

The patient nauseates and lothes wholesome foods.

Blackmore.

Old age, with silent pace, comes creeping on, Nauseates the praise which in her youth she won.

Dryden.

2. To affect with disgust.

Swift.

Nauseous

NAU'SEOUS, adjective Lothesome; disgustful; disgusting; regarded with abhorrence; as a nauseous drug or medicine.

Nauseously

NAU'SEOUSLY, adverb Lothesomely; disgustfully.

Nauseousness

NAU'SEOUSNESS, noun Lothesomeness; quality of exciting disgust; as the nauseousness of a drug or medicine.

The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man.

Dryden.

Nautic

NAU'TIC, or NAU'TICAL, adjective [Latin nauticus, from nauta, a seaman, from navis, a ship. See Navy.]

Pertaining to seamen or navigation; as nautical skill; a nautical almanack.

Nautilite

NAU'TILITE, noun [from Latin nautilus, a shellfish.] A fossil nautilus.

Kirwan. Dict.

Nautilus

NAU'TILUS, noun [Latin; Greek, from, a ship.]

A genus of marine animals, whose shell consists of one spiral valve divided into several apartments by partitions. There are many species. This animal, when it sails, extends two of its arms, and between these supports a membrane that serves as a sail. With two other arms it rows or steers.

Encyc.

Learn of the little nautilus to sail.

Pope.

Naval

NA'VAL, adjective [Latin navalis, from navis, Greek. a ship.]

1. Consisting of ships; as a naval force or armament.

2. Pertaining to ships; as naval stores.

Navals

NA'VALS, noun Naval affairs. [Not used.]

Clarendon.

Navarch

NA'VARCH, noun [Greek.] In ancient Greece, the commander of a fleet.

Mitford.

Navarchy

NAV'ARCHY, noun [from Latin navarchus, an admiral.] Knowledge of managing ships.

Petty.

Nave

NAVE, noun [Saxon nafa, nafu; Danish nav; German nabe; Swedish naf.]

1. The thick piece of timber in the center of a wheel, in which the spokes are inserted; called also the hob.

2. The middle or body of a church extending from the balluster or rail of the door, to the chief choir.

Encyc.

Navel

NAVEL, n. na'vl. [Saxon nafela, from nafa, nave; Dutch navel; German nabel; Swedish nafle; Danish navle; Zend, nafo; Pehlavi, naf; Sanscrit nabha; Pers. naf.]

The center of the lower part of the abdomen, or the point where the umbilical cord passes out of the fetus. The umbilical cord is a collection of vessels by which the fetus of an animal communicates with the parent by means of the placenta, to which it is attached.

Encyc.

Navel-Gall

NA'VEL-GALL, noun A bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle.

Johnson.

Navel-String

NA'VEL-STRING, noun The umbilical cord. [See Navel.]

Navel-Wort

NA'VEL-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Cotyledon. It has the appearance of houseleek.

Miller.

Navew

NAV'EW, noun [Latin napus; Saxon noepe.] A plant of the genus Brassica. It has a spindle-shaped root, less than the turnep.

Encyc. Miller.

Navicular

NAVIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin navicula, a little ship.]

1. Relating to small ships or boats.

Bryant.

2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform. The navicular bone is the scaphoid bone of the wrist.

Coxe. Quincy.

Navigable

NAV'IGABLE, adjective [Latin navigabilis, from navigo, to sail, from navis, a ship.]

That may be navigated or passed in ships or vessels; as a navigable river.

Navigableness

NAV'IGABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being navigable.

Navigate

NAV'IGATE, verb intransitive [Latin navigo, from navis, a ship; Irish snamhaim.]

To pass on water in ships; to sail.

The Phoenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western ocean.

Arbuthnot.

Navigate

NAV'IGATE, verb transitive To pass over in ships; to sail on; as, to navigate the Atlantic.

2. To steer, direct or manage in sailing; as, to navigate a ship.

Navigated

NAV'IGATED, participle passive Steered or managed in passing on the water; passed over in sailing.

Navigating

NAV'IGATING, participle of the present tense Passing on or over in sailing; steering and managing in sailing.

Navigation

NAVIGA'TION, noun [Latin navigatio.] The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels.

2. The art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another. This art comprehends not only the management of the sails, but the directing and measuring of the course of ships by the laws of geometry, or by astronomical principles and observations.

Encyc.

3. Ships in general.

Aerial navigation, the sailing or floating in the air by means of ballons.

Inland navigation, the passing of boats or small vessels on rivers, lakes or canals, in the interior of a country; conveyance by boats or vessels in the interior of a country.

Navigator

NAV'IGATOR, noun One that navigates or sails; chiefly, one who directs the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation. We say, a bold navigator, an experienced navigator, an able navigator.

Navy

NA'VY, noun [Latin navis; Greek, from, to swim, Latin no, nato; Sanscrit nau; Armenian, naw; Pers. naodan. The elements of the verb are probably Nd, coinciding with nod, Latin nuto. To swim then is to move up and down. Class Nd. No. 3. 9.]

1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company.

The navy of Hiram brought gold from Ophir. 1 Kings 10.

2. The whole of the ships of war belonging to a nation or king. The navy of Great Britain is the defense of the kingdom and its commerce. This is the usual acceptation of the word.

Nawl

NAWL, noun An awl. [Not in use.]

Nay

NAY, adverb [a contracted word; Latin nego; Swedish ney or nej, from neka, to deny; Welsh nac, from naca, to deny.]

1. No; a word that expresses negation.

I tell you nay, but except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Luke 13.

2. It expresses also refusal.

He that will not when he may,

When he would he shall have nay.

Proverb.

[In these senses it is now rarely used; no being substituted.]

3. Not only so; not this alone; intimating that something is to be added by way of amplification. He requested an answer; nay, he urged it.

Nay

NAY, noun Denial; refusal.

Nay

NAY, verb transitive To refuse. [Not in use.]

Nayward

NA'YWARD, noun Tendency to denial. [Not used.]

Shak.

Nayword

NA'YWORD, noun A by-word; a proverbial reproach; a watch-word.

Obs. Ibm.

Nazarene

NAZARE'NE, noun An inhabitant of Nazareth; one of the early converts to Christianity; in contempt. Acts 24.

Nazarite

NAZ'ARITE, noun A Jew who professed extraordinary purity of life and devotion.

Encyc.

Nazaritism

NAZ'ARITISM, noun The doctrines or practice of the Nazarites.

Burder.

Ne

NE, [Saxon] not, is obsolete. We find it in early English writers, prefixed to other words; as nill, for ne will, will not; nas, for ne has, has not; nis, for ne is, is not.

Spenser.

Neaf

NEAF, noun [Icelandic nefi; Scot. nieve.] The fist. Obs.

Shak.

Neal

NEAL, verb transitive [Saxon anoelan, to kindle.] To temper and reduce to a due consistence by heat. But neal is now rarely used. [See Anneal.]

Neal

NEAL, verb intransitive To be tempered by heat. [Little used.] [See Anneal.]

Bacon.

Neap

NEAP, noun [This word may belong to the root of neb, nib; Icelandic nif, nose; Ethiopic anaf.]

The tongue or pole of a cart, sled or wagon.

N. England.

Neap

NEAP, adjective [Saxon hnipan, to incline, to fall.] Low. The neap tides are those which happen in the middle of the second and fourth quarters of the moon. They are low tides, and opposed to spring tides.

Neap

NEAP, noun Low water. [Little used.]

Neaped

NE'APED, or BENE'APED, adjective Left aground. A ship is said to be neaped, when left aground, particularly on the highth of a spring tide, so that she will not float till the return of the next spring tide.

Mar. Dict.

Neapolitan

NEAPOL'ITAN, adjective Belonging to Naples, in Italy.

Neapolitan

NEAPOL'ITAN, noun An inhabitant or native of the kingdom of Naples.

Neap-Tide

NE'AP-TIDE, noun Low tide. [See Neap.]

Near

NEAR, adjective [Saxon ner or neara, nigher. This seems to be a contracted word, from nigher, the comparative of neh, nih or nieh, Dutch naauw, German nahe, Swedish n?r, Danish noer; Welsh nig, strait, narrow; nigiaw, to narrow.]

1. Nigh; not far distant in place, time or degree. Regularly, near should be followed by to, but this is often omitted. We say, a house stands near a river; a friend sits near me; the man fell and was near destruction.

And Jacob went near to Issac his father. Genesis 27.

Now is our salvation nearer than when we believed. Romans 13.

2. Closely related by blood.

She is thy father's near kinswoman. Leviticus 18.

3. Not distant in affection, support or assistance; present; ready; willing to aid.

Call upon the Lord, while he is near. Isaiah 55.

4. Intimate; united in close ties of affection or confidence; as a near friend.

5. Dear; affecting one's interest or feelings; as a near concern.

My nearest life.

Shak.

6. Close; parsimonious.

7. Close; not loose, free or rambling; as a version near the original.

8. Next to one; opposed to off; as the near horse or ox in a team.

Near

NEAR, adverb Almost; within a little. It is near twelve o'clock. The payment of such a sum would go near to ruin him.

Addison.

Near

NEAR, verb transitive To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land; a seaman's phrase.

Nearest

NE'AREST, adjective [superl. of near.] Shortest; most direct; as the nearest way to London. So we use nearer for shorter. [This use of these words is not correct, but very common.]

Nearly

NE'ARLY, adverb At no great distance; not remotely.

2. Closely; as two persons nearly related or allied.

3. Intimately; pressingly; with a close relation to one's interest or happiness. It nearly concerns us to preserve peace with our neighbor.

4. Almost; within a little. The fact is nearly demonstrated.

5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner.

Nearness

NE'ARNESS, noun Closeness; small distance. The nearness of a place to a market enhances the value of lands.

2. Close alliance by blood; propinquity; as the nearness of brothers and sisters, parents and children.

3. Close union by affection; intimacy of friendship.

4. Parsimony; closeness in expenses.

Bacon.

Neat

NEAT, noun [Saxon neat, neten, niten, nyten; Swedish n?t; Danish nÃƒ-¶d. In Saxon geneat is a herdsman. In Spanish, ganado is cattle, and vermin; doubtless the same word with a prefix. In Welsh cnud is a group. Neat coincides with the root of need in elements, and if connected with it, the sense is a herd or collection, from crowding, pressing; but this is doubtful.]

1. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen and cows. In America, this word is used in composition, as in neat's tongue, neat's foot oil, and tautologically in neat cattle.

2. A single cow.

Tusser.

Neat

NEAT, adjective [Italian netto; Spanish neto; French net; Armoric neat or neet; Latin nitidus, niteo, to shine, to be clean, fair or fine; Welsh nÃƒ-®th, pure; nithiaw, to purify, to winnow.]

1. Very clean; free from foul or extraneous matter; as neat clothes. The vessels are kept neat; the woman keeps her house very neat.

2. Pure; free from impure words and phrases; as a neat style.

3. Cleanly; preserving neatness; as a neat woman.

4. Pure; unadulterated; as neat wine. Obs.

Chapman.

5. Free from tawdry appendages and well adjusted; as a neat dress.

6. Clear of the cask, case, bag, box, &c.; as neat weight. It is usually written net or nett.

Neatherd

NE'ATHERD, noun [Saxon neathyrd.] A person who has the care of cattle; a cowkeeper.

Dryden.

Neatly

NE'ATLY, adverb With neatness; in a neat manner; in a cleanly manner; as a garment neatly washed.

2. With good taste; without tawdry ornaments; as a lady neatly dressed.

3. Nicely; handsomely; as a vessel neatly gilt.

Neatness

NE'ATNESS, noun Exact cleanlines; entire freedom from foul matter; as the neatness of a floor or of a garment.

2. Purity; freedom from ill chosen words; as the neatness of style.

3. Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments; with good adjustment of the several parts; as the neatness of a dress.

Neatress

NE'ATRESS, noun [from neat, cattle.] A female who takes care of cattle. [Not used in the United States.]

Warner.

Neb

NEB, noun [Saxon neb or nebbe; Icelandic nebbe or nef; Danish neb, noeb, and with a prefix, snabel; Swedish n?f; Dutch neb, sneb; German schnabel. In the different dialects, it signifies a bill, beak, the nose, or the face, from extending or shooting. See Class Nb. No. 2. 3. 6. 8. 10. 13. 15. 21. 24. It is also written nib.]

The nose; the beak of a fowl; the bill; the mouth.

Nebula

NEB'ULA, or NEB'ULE, noun [Latin nebula; Greek,; German nebel; Dutch nevel; Irish neall, neul, by contraction; Italian nebbia; Spanish niebla, fog, mist. Probably the primary sense is thick or mixed.]

1. A dark spot, a film in the eye, or a slight opacity of the cornea.

Cyc.

2. In astronomy, a cluster of fixed stars, not distinguishable from each other or scarcely visible to the naked eye, and exhibiting a dim hazy light, appearing like dusky specks or clouds through the telescope.

Cyc.

Nebulosity

NEBULOS'ITY, noun [from nebulous.] The state of being cloudy or hazy.

Med. Repos.

Nebulous

NEB'ULOUS, adjective [Latin nebulosus.] Cloudy; hazy. [See Nebule.]

2. Resembling a small cloud or collection of vapors.

Necessarian

NECESSA'RIAN, noun [See Necessary.] An advocate for the doctrine of philosophical necessity; more properly necessitarian.

Priestley.

Necessaries

NEC'ESSARIES, n. plu. [from necessary.] Things necessary for some purpose; as the necessaries of life.

Locke.

Necessarily

NEC'ESSARILY, adverb By necessity; in such a manner that it cannot be otherwise. Truth is necessarily opposite to falsehood. A square is necessarily different from a circle.

2. Indispensably. Most men are necessarily occupied in procuring their subsistence.

3. By unavoidable consequence. Certain inferences necessarily result from particular premises.

Necessariness

NEC'ESSARINESS, noun The state of being necessary.

Necessary

NEC'ESSARY, adjective [Latin necessarius.] That must be; that cannot be otherwise; indispensably requisite. It is necessary that every effect should have a cause.

2. Indispensable; requisite; essential; that cannot be otherwise without preventing the purpose intended. Air is necessary to support animal life; food is necessary to nourish the body; holiness is a necessary qualification for happiness; health is necessary to the enjoyment of pleasure; subjection to law is necessary to the safety of persons and property.

3. Unavoidable; as a necessary inference or consequence from facts or arguments.

4. Acting from necessity or compulsion; opposed to free. Whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.

Necessary

NEC'ESSARY, noun A privy.

Necessitarian

NECESSITA'RIAN, or NECESSA'RIAN, noun One who maintains the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things.

Beattie.

Necessitate

NECES'SITATE, verb transitive [from Latin necessitas.] To make necessary or indispensable; to render unavoidable; to compel.

The marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army into York.

Clarendon.

Sickness might necessitate his removal from court.

South.

Necessitated

NECES'SITATED, participle passive Made necessary, indispensable or unavoidable.

Necessitating

NECES'SITATING, participle of the present tense Making necessary or indispensable.

Necessitation

NECESSITA'TION, noun The act of making necessary; compulsion. [Little used.]

Bramhall.

Necessitied

NECES'SITIED, adjective In a state of want. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Necessitous

NECES'SITOUS, adjective Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.

There are multitudes of necessitous heirs and penurious parents.

Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; as necessitous circumstances.

Necessitousness

NECES'SITOUSNESS, noun Extreme poverty or destitution of the means of living; pressing want.

Burnet.

Necessitude

NECES'SITUDE, noun Necessitousness; want. [Not used.]

Hale.

Necessity

NECES'SITY, noun [Latin necessitas.] That which must be and cannot be otherwise, or the cause of that which cannot be otherwise. It is of necessity that two contradictory propositions cannot both be true.

2. Irresistible power; compulsive force, physical or moral. If man's actions are determined by causes beyond his control, he acts from necessity, and is not a free agent. Necessity compelled the general to act on the defensive.

3. Indispensableness; the state of being requisite. The necessity of funds to support public credit, no man questions. The necessity of economy in domestic concerns is admitted. No man can necessity in excuse for crimes.

4. Extreme indigence; pinching poverty; pressing need.

The cause of all the distractions in his court or army proceeded from the extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in.

Clarendon.

5. Unavoidableness; inevitableness; as the necessity of a consequence from certain premises.

6. In the plural, things requisite for a purpose.

These should be hours for necessities,

Not for delights.

Shak.

Neck

NECK, noun [Saxon hnece, hnecca, necca; German nick, genick, the nape of the neck; Dutch nek; Swedish nacke; Danish nakke; Italian Portugese Spanish nuca. This word is properly the nape or vertebrae of the neck behind, and is so rendered in other languages, Latin nux, that is, a knob or mass; Welsh cnwc.]

1. The part of an animal's body which is between the head and the trunk, and connects them. In man and many other animals, this part is more slender than the trunk; hence,

2. A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts; as the neck of land between Boston and Roxbury.

3. The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort; or of a plant, as a gourd; or of any instrument, as a guitar.

A stiff neck, in Scripture, denotes obstinacy in sin.

On the neck, immediately after; following closely.

First by committing one sin on the neck of another.

Perkins.

[This phrase is not much used. We more frequently say, on the heels.]

To break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to do the principal thing to prevent.

To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Nehemiah 9.

Neckbeef

NECK'BEEF, noun The coarse flesh of the neck of cattle, sold at a low price.

As cheap as neckbeef.

Swift.

Neckcloth

NECK'CLOTH, noun A piece of cloth worn on the neck.

Necked

NECK'ED, adjective, Having a neck; as in stiffnecked.

Neckerchief

NECK'ERCHIEF, or NECK'ATEE, noun A gorget; a kerchief for a woman's neck. [Not in much use.]

Bailey.

Necklace

NECK'LACE, noun A string of beads or precious stones, worn by women on the neck.

Arbuthnot.

Necklaced

NECK'LACED, adjective Marked as with a necklace.

Sir Welsh Jones.

Neckland

NECK'LAND, noun A neck or long tract of land.

Hakewill.

Neckverse

NECK'VERSE, noun The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty first Psalm, "Miserere mei, &c."

Tindall.

Neckweed

NECK'WEED, noun Hemp; in ridicule.

Necrological

NECROLOGICAL, adjective Pertaining to or giving an account of the dead or of deaths.

Necrologist

NECROL'OGIST, noun One who gives an account of deaths.

Necrology

NECROL'OGY, noun [Greek, dead, and, discourse.]

An account of the dead or of deaths; a register of deaths.

Necromancer

NEC'ROMANCER, noun [See Necromancy.] One who pretends to foretell future events by holding converse with departed spirits; a conjurer.

Swift.

Necromancy

NEC'ROMANCY, noun [Greek, dead, and, divination.]

1. The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead. This imposture is prohibited. Deuteronomy 18.

2. Enchantment; conjuration.

Abbot.

Necromantic

NECROMAN'TIC, adjective Pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy.

Necromantic

NECROMAN'TIC, noun Trick; conjuration.

Young.

Necromantically

NECROMAN'TICALLY, adverb By necromancy or the black art; by conjuration.

Gregory.

Necronite

NECRONITE, noun [Greek, dead.] Fetid feldspar, a mineral which when struck or pounded, exhales a fetid odor like that of putrid flesh.

Hayden.

Nectar

NEC'TAR, noun [Latin from the Greek.]

1. In fabulous history and poetry, the drink of the gods; hence,

2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink.

Nectarean

NECTA'REAN, or NECTA'REOUS, adjective Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant.

The juice nectareous and the balmy dew.

Pope.

Nectared

NEC'TARED, adjective Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar.

Milton.

Nectarial

NECTA'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to the nectary of a plant.

Stamens imserted into the margin of a glandulous nectarial ring.

As. Res.

Nectariferous

NECTARIF'EROUS, adjective [nectar and Latin fero, to bear.]

Producing nectar or nomus; as a nectariferous glandule.

Lee.

Nectarine

NEC'TARINE, adjective Sweet as nectar.

Milton.

Nectarine

NEC'TARINE, noun A fruit, a variety of the peach with a smooth rind.

Nectarize

NEC'TARIZE, verb transitive To sweeten.

Cockeram.

Nectarous

NEC'TAROUS, adjective Sweet as nectar.

Milton.

Nectary

NEC'TARY, noun [from nectar.] In botany, the melliferous part of a vegetable, peculiar to the flower. It usually makes a part of the corol, but is sometimes distinct from it. Sometimes it is in the form of a horn or spur; sometimes in that of a cup; whence it is called the honey cup.

Martyn.

Nedder

NED'DER, noun [Welsh nadyr; Saxon nedder.] An adder. Obs.

Need

NEED, noun [Saxon nead, neod, nyd; Dutch nood; German noth; Swedish n?d; Danish nÃƒ-¶d; Ethiopic nadei, to be in want. The primary sense is to press. Class Nd. No. 7. 24.]

1. Want; occasion for something; necessity; a state that requires supply or relief. It sometimes expresses urgent want; pressing exigency.

What further need have we of witnesses? Matthew 26.

For ye have need of patienceÃ‚-- Hebrews 10.

2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence.

I know how to abound and to suffer need. Philippians 4.

Need

NEED, verb transitive [Saxon geneadan, genedan, to compel; Danish nÃƒ-¶der.]

To want; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.

They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. Matthew 9.

Need

NEED, verb intransitive To be wanted; to be necessary.

When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. [Not used.]

Locke.

Need is often used as an auxiliary, or at least without the personal termination.

And the lender need not fear he shall be injured.

Anacharsis, Trans.

Needed

NEE'DED, participle passive Wanted.

Needer

NEE'DER, noun One that wants.

Needful

NEE'DFUL, adjective Necessary, as supply or relief; requisite.

All things needful for defense abound.

Dryden.

Needfully

NEE'DFULLY, adverb Necessarily.

B. Jonson.

Needily

NEE'DILY, adverb [from needy.] In want or poverty.

Neediness

NEE'DINESS, noun [from needy.] Want; poverty; indigence.

Bacon.

Needing

NEE'DING, participle of the present tense Wanting; requiring, as supply or relief.

Needle

NEE'DLE, noun [Saxon nedl, noedl; German nadel; Gothic nethal; Armoric nadoz; Irish snathad; Welsh nydwyz, from nwd, something sharp or pointed. It may be allied to nettle.]

1. A small instrument of steel pointed at one end, with an eye at the other to receive a thread; used in sewing and embroidery. Needles are also used by surgeons in sewing up wounds.

2. A small pointed piece of steel used in the mariner's compass, which by its magnetic quality is attracted and directed to the pole, and thus enables navigators to steer their ships the course intended.

3. Any crystalized substance in the form of a needle.

Dipping needle, a magnetic needle that dips or inclines downwards.

Needle

NEE'DLE, verb transitive To form crystals in the shape of a needle.

Needle

NEE'DLE, verb intransitive To shoot in crystalization into the form of needles; as needled prisms.

Fourcroy.

Needle-Fish

NEE'DLE-FISH, noun A fish of the genus Syngnathus. The middle of the body is hexangular. Also, the sea-urchin.

Needleful

NEE'DLEFUL, noun As much thread as is put at once in a needle.

Needle-Maker

NEE'DLE-MAKER, or NEE'DLER, noun One who manufactures needles.

Needle-Ore

NEE'DLE-ORE, noun Acicular bismuth glance.

Ure.

Needle-Shell

NEE'DLE-SHELL, noun The sea-urchin.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Needle-Stone

NEE'DLE-STONE, noun A mineral of the zeolite family.

Cleaveland.

Needlework

NEE'DLEWORK, noun Work executed with a needle; or the business of a seamstress. It is used particularly for embroidery.

Needle-Zeolite

NEEDLE-ZE'OLITE, noun A species of zeolite of a grayish white color.

Ure.

Needless

NEE'DLESS, adjective Not wanted; unnecessary; not requisite; as needless labor; needless expenses.

2. Not wanting. Obs.

Shak.

Needlessly

NEE'DLESSLY, adverb Without necessity.

Needlessness

NEE'DLESSNESS, noun Unnecessariness.

Locke.

Needment

NEE'DMENT, noun Something needed or wanted. [Not used.]

Shak.

Needs

NEEDS, adverb [from need; Saxon nedes.] Necessarily; indispensably; generally used with must.

A trial at law must needs be innocent in itself.

Kettlewell.

Needy

NEE'DY, adjective Necessitous; indigent; very poor; distressed by want of the means of living.

To relieve the needy and comfort the afficted, are duties that fall in our way every day.

Addison.

Spare the blushes of needy merit.

Dwight.

Neer

NE'ER, a contraction of never.

Neese

NEESE, v. i. neez. [German neesen; Dutch niezen; Swedish niusa; Danish nyser; Arabic nashaa; hence sneeze. Class Ns. No. 30.]

To sneeze. Obs. [See Sneeze, which is formed on this word.]

Neesewort

NEE'SEWORT, noun A plant.

Sherwood.

Neesing

NEE'SING, noun A sneezing. Obs.

Nef

NEF, noun The nave of a church. [Not used. See Nave.]

Nefandous

NEFAND'OUS, adjective [Latin nefandus, not to be spoken.]

Not to be named; abominable.

Sheldon.

Nefarious

NEFA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin nefarius, from nefas, unlawful, or ne and for, fari, to utter.]

Wicked in the extreme; abominable; atrociously sinful or villainous; detestably vile.

Nefariously

NEFA'RIOUSLY, adverb With extreme wickedness; abominably.

Milton.

Negation

NEGA'TION, noun [Latin negatio, from nego, to deny, Swedish neka, Danish noegter, Welsh naca, nacÃƒ-¢u, nagu, French nier, from Latin nego. The sense is to thrust, to stop or repel; for in Italian, negare is to deny, and annegare is to deny, and to drown, to stifle in water;

Spanish negar, to deny; anegar, to drown or inundate, French noyer.]

1. Denial; a declaration that something is not; opposed to affirmation; as, the soul is not matter.

2. In logic, description by denial, exclusion or exception.

Negation is the absence of that which does not belong to the thing we are speaking of.

Watts.

3. Argument drawn from denial.

It may be proved by way of negation, that they came not from Europe, as having no remainder of the arts, learning and civilities of it.

Heylin.

Negative

NEG'ATIVE, adjective [French negatif; Latin negativus.]

1. Implying denial or negation; opposed to affirmative, as a negative proposition is that which denies. Matter is not spirit.

2. Implying absence; opposed to positive.

There is a negative way of denying Christ, when we do not acknowledge and confess him.

South.

3. Having the power of stopping or restraining. A negative voice in legislation is a voice or vote to prevent the passing of a law or decree.

Negative sign, in algebra, the sign of subtraction, a sign which indicates that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted. It is opposed to positive or affirmative; as abÃ‚--n.

Negative electricity, according to Dr. Franklin, is a deficiency of the fluid in a substance, or less than the substance naturally contains.

Negative

NEG'ATIVE, noun A proposition by which something is denied; as, matter has not the power of moving itself.

2. A word that denies; as not, no.

3. In legislation, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a law or decree. The governor has not a negative on the proceedings of the legislature, but each branch has a negative on the other.

Negative pregnant, a negation of one thing, implying the affirmation of another.

Negative

NEG'ATIVE, verb transitive To disprove; to prove the contrary.

The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative the existence of miracles.

Paley.

2. To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction. The senate negatived the bill.

3. To resist a choice or what is proposed.

Negatively

NEG'ATIVELY, adverb With or by denial; as, he answered negatively.

Boyle.

2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; opposed to positively.

I shall show what this image of God in man is, negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it it does consist.

South.

3. Negatively charged or electrified. [See Positively.]

Negatory

NEG'ATORY, adjective That denies; belonging to negation. [Little used.]

Neger

NE'GER, noun [Latin niger.] A black person; one of the African race. [See Negro.]

Neglect

NEGLECT', verb transitive [Latin neglectus, from negligo. In German the corresponding word is nachlassen, Dutch nalaaten, compounds of nach, na, after, and lassen, laaten, to let, to leave, to suffer to pass, let, French laisser. The sense of the latter words then is to leave behind, or permit to remain; Danish nachloessig, negligent. I suspect the Latin negligo to be composed of the same prefix, neg for nach, and linquo, lictum, as n is not radical in the latter. But of this I am not confident.]

1. To omit by carelessness or design; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote or attend to; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay honest debts; to neglect our interest or policy; to neglect the means in our power.

2. To omit to receive or embrace; to slight.

How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation? Hebrews 2.

3. To slight; not to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect. Among people of good breeding, strangers seldom complain of being neglected.

4. To postpone. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Neglect

NEGLECT', noun Omission; forbearance to do any thing that can be done or that requires to be done. Neglect may be from carelessness or intention. The neglect of business is the cause of many failures, but neglect of economy is more frequent and more injurious.

2. Slight; omission of attention or civilities. Neglect of due notice and attention to strangers is characteristic of ill breeding.

3. Negligence; habitual want of regard.

Age breeds neglect in all.

Denham.

4. State of being disregarded.

Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect.

Prior.

Neglected

NEGLECT'ED, participle passive Omitted to be done; slighted; disregarded.

Neglecter

NEGLECT'ER, noun One that neglects.

Neglectful

NEGLECT'FUL, adjective Heedless; careless; inattentive.

Locke.

2. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought to be done.

3. Treating with neglect or slight.

4. Indicating neglect, slight or indifference; as a neglectful countenance.

Locke.

Neglectfully

NEGLECT'FULLY, adverb With neglect; with heedless inattention; with careless indifference.

Neglecting

NEGLECT'ING, participle of the present tense Omitting; passing by; forbearing to do; slighting; treating with indifference.

Neglectingly

NEGLECT'INGLY, adverb Carelessly; heedlessly.

Shak.

Neglection

NEGLEC'TION, noun The state of being negligent. [Not used.]

Shak.

Neglective

NEGLECT'IVE, adjective Inattentive; regardless of. [Little used.]

K. Charles.

Negligee

NEGLIGEE', noun A kind of gown formerly worn.

Goldsmith.

Negligence

NEG'LIGENCE, noun [Latin negligentia.] Neglect; omission to do; more generally,

2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be done, or a habit of omitting to do things, either from carelessness or design. Negligence is usually the child of sloth or laziness, and the parent of disorders in business, often of poverty.

Negligent

NEG'LIGENT, adjective Careless; heedless; apt or accustomed to omit what ought to be done; inattentive to business or necessary concerns. It is applied to a particular instance of neglect, or it denotes habitually careless or inattentive. 2 Chronicles 29:2 Peter 1.

He that thinks he can afford to be negligent, is not far from being poor.

Rambler.

2. Regardless.

Be thou negligent of fame.

Swift.

Negligently

NEG'LIGENTLY, adverb Carelessly; heedlessly; without exactness; as a person negligently dressed; a piece negligently written; a farm negligently cultivated.

2. With slight, disregard or inattention.

Negotiability

NEGOTIABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsment.

Sewall. Walsh.

Negotiable

NEGO'TIABLE, adjective [from negotiate.] That may be transferred by assignment or indorsment; that may be passed from the owner to another person so as to vest the property in the assignee; as a negotiable note or bill of exchange.

Walsh.

Negotiant

NEGO'TIANT, noun One who negotiates; a negotiator. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Negotiate

NEGO'TIATE, verb intransitive [Latin negotior; Italian negoziare; Spanish negociar; French negocier; from Latin negotium, business, employment; Welsh neges, an errand, business; negeseua, to go on errands, to negotiate.]

1. To transact business; to treat with another respecting purchase and sale; to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade, either in person or by a broker or substitute; as, to negotiate with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm.

2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty, league or convention; to treat with respecting peace or commerce.

It is a crime for an embassador to betray his prince for whom he should negotiate.

Decay of Piety.

Negotiate

NEGOTIATE, v. t. nego'shate. To procure by mutual intercourse and agreement with another; as, to negotiate a loan of money.

Ship brokers and interpreters negotiate affreightments.

Walsh.

2. To procure, make or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement with others. Mr. Jay negotiated a treaty with the British ministry in 1794.

3. To sell; to pass; to transfer for a valuable consideration; as, to negotiate a bill of exchange.

The notes were not negotiated to them in the usual course of business or trade.

Kent.

Negotiated

NEGO'TIATED, participle passive Procured or obtained by agreement with another; sold or transferred for a valuable consideration.

Negotiating

NEGO'TIATING, participle of the present tense Treating with; transacting business.

Negotiation

NEGOTIA'TION, noun The act of negotiating; the transacting of business in traffick; the treating with another respecting sale or purchase.

2. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by their agents, in making treaties and the like; as the negotiations at Ghent.

Negotiator

NEGO'TIATOR, noun One that negotiates; one that treats with others either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.

Swift.

Negress

NE'GRESS, noun [See Negro.] A female of the black race of Africa.

Negro

NE'GRO, noun [Italian Spanish negro, black, from Latin niger. It is remarkable that our common people retain the exact Latin pronunciation of this word, neger.]

A native or descendant of the black race of men in Africa. The word is never applied to the tawny or olive colored inhabitants of the northern coast of Africa, but to the more southern race of men who are quite black.

Negus

NE'GUS, noun A liquor made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg and lemon juice; so called, it is said, from its first maker, Col. Negus.

Neif

NEIF, noun [Icelandic nefi.] The neaf or fist. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. A slave. [Not used.]

Neigh

NEIGH, v. i. na. [Saxon hnoegan; Swedish gn?gga; Danish knoegger; Italian annicchiare. In Welsh cnecu signifies to jar or quarrel; cnec, a sharp noise.]

To utter the voice of a horse, expressive of want or desire; to whinny.

Neigh

NEIGH, n. na. The voice of a horse; a whinnying.

Neighbor

NEIGHBOR, or NEHBOOR, n. na'bur. [Saxon nehbur, nehgebur, a nigh boor, a boor or countryman living nigh, [see Nigh;] German nachbar; Dutch nabuur; Swedish nabo; Danish naboe. See Boor. The true orthography, as this word is now pronounced, is nehboor; Saxon neh, nigh, and boor.]

1. One who lives near another. In large towns, a neighbor is one who lives within a few doors. In the country, a neighbor may live at a greater distance; and in new settlements, where the people are thinly scattered over the country, a neighbor may be distant several miles. Such is the use of the word in the United States.

2. One who lives in familiarity with another; a word of civility.

Shak.

3. An intimate; a confidant. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. A fellow being. Acts. vii.

5. One of the human race; any one that needs our help, or to whom we have an opportunity of doing good. Luke 10.

6. A country that is near.

Neighbor

NEIGHBOR, verb transitive To adjoin; to confine on or be near to.

These grow on the hills that neighbor the shore.

Sandys.

2. To acquaint with; to make near to or make familiar. [Not used.]

Shak.

To neighbor it, in colloquial language, to cultivate friendly intercourse by mutual visits.

Neighborhood

NEIGHBORHOOD, noun A place near; vicinity; the adjoining district or any place not distant. He lives in my neighborhood.

2. State of being near each other; as several states in a neighborhood.

Swift.

3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other. The fire alarmed all the neighborhood.

Neighboring

NEIGHBORING, adjective Living or being near; as the neighboring inhabitants; neighboring countries or nations.

Paley.

Neighborliness

NEIGHBORLINESS, noun State or quality of being neighborly.

Scott.

Neighborly

NEIGHBORLY, adjective Becoming a neighbor; kind; civil.

Judge if this be neighborly dealing.

Arbuthnot.

2. Cultivating familiar intercourse; interchanging frequent visits; social. Friend, you are not neighborly.

Neighborly

NEIGHBORLY, adverb With social civility; as, to live neighborly.

Neighborship

NEIGHBORSHIP, noun State of being neighbors. [Not in use.]

Miss Baillie.

Neither

NE'ITHER, n. compound pronoun, pronominal adjective, or a substitute. [Saxon nather, nathor, nauther or nouther; na, not, and either or other, not either, or not other. So in Latin neuter, ne and uter.] Not either; not the one nor the other.

1. It refers to individual things or persons; as, which road shall I take? Neither, take neither road. The upright judge inclines to neither party.

It is used as a substitute; as, the upright judge inclines to neither of the parties.

He neither loves

Nor either cares for him.

Shak.

2. It refers to a sentence; as, "ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." That is, ye shall not eat, not either or other shall ye touch it; ye shall not eat, nor shall ye do the other thing here mentioned, that is, touch it. Genesis 3.

"Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king;" that is, fight not, either with small or great. 1 Kings 22.

Neither, in the first part of a negative sentence, is followed by nor, in the subsequent part. It is neither the one nor the other. But or would be most proper, for the negative in neither, applies to both parts of the sentence.

It is often used in the last member of a negative sentence instead of nor, as in the passage above cited. "Ye shall not eat it, neither shall ye touch it." Here neither is improperly used for nor, for not in the first clause refers only to that clause, and the second negative refers only to the second clause. "Ye shall not eat it, nor shall ye touch it.

In the sentences above, neither is considered to be a conjunction or connecting word, though in fact it is a pronoun or representative of a clause of a sentence.

3. Neither primarily refers to two; not either of two. But by usage it is applicable to any number, referring to individuals separately considered. Five or ten persons being charged with a misdemeanor or riot, each may say, neither of us was present.

4. Neither sometimes closes a sentence in a peculiar manner, thus, "men come not to the knowledge of ideas thought to be innate, till they come to the use of reason; nor then neither."

Locke.

That is, not either when they come to the use of reason, or before.

Formerly, in English, as in Greek and French, two negatives were used for one negation. But in such phrases as that above, good speakers now use either; "nor then either."

Nem. Con

NEM. CON. for nemine contradicente. [Latin] No one contradicting or opposing, that is, unanimously; without opposition.

Nemolite

NEM'OLITE, noun [Greek, a wood, and, a stone.] An arborized stone.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Nemoral

NEM'ORAL, adjective [Latin nemoralis, from nemus, a wood.]

Pertaining to a wood or grove.

Dict.

Nemorous

NEM'OROUS, adjective [Latin nemorosus.] Woody.

Evelyn.

Nempne

NEMP'NE, verb transitive [Saxon nemnan, to name or call.] To call. Obs.

Chaucer.

Nenia

NE'NIA, noun [Greek] A funeral song; an elegy. [Not used.]

Nenuphar

NEN'UPHAR, noun The water lily or water rose, a species of Nymphaea.

Neodamode

NEOD'AMODE, noun [Greek; new, and, popular; people.]

In ancient Greece, a person newly admitted to citizenship.

Mitford.

Neologic

NEOLOG'IC, or NEOLOG'ICAL, adjective [from neology.] Pertaining to neology; employing new words.

Chesterfield.

Neologism

NEOL'OGISM, noun A new word or expression.

Neologist

NEOL'OGIST, noun One who introduces new words into a language. Lavoisier has been a successful neologist.

Med. Repos.

Neology

NEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, new, and, a word.]

The introduction of a new word or of new words into a language. The present nomenclature of chimistry is a remarkable instance of neology.

Neonomian

NEONO'MIAN, noun [Greek, new, and, law.]

One who advocates new laws, or desires God's law to be altered.

Scott.

Neophyte

NE'OPHYTE, noun [Greek, new, and, a plant.]

1. A new convert or proselyte; a name given by the early christians to such heathens as had recently embraced the christian faith, and were considered as regenerated by baptism.

Encyc.

2. A novice; one newly admitted to the order of priest.

3. A tyro; a beginner in learning.

Neoteric

NEOTER'IC, or NEOTER'ICAL, adjective [Greek, young, from, new; Low Latin neotericus.]

New; recent in origin; modern.

Bacon.

Neoteric

NEOTER'IC, noun One of modern times.

Burton.

Nep

NEP, noun A plant of the genus Nepeta; catmint.

Nepenthe

NEPEN'THE, noun [Greek; not, and, grief.]

A drug or medicine that drives away pain and grief. [Little used.]

Milton.

Nephelin

NEPH'ELIN, or NEPH'ELINE, noun [Greek, a cloud.] A mineral found mixed with other substances, primitive or volcanic, in small masses or veins, granolamellar and in hexahedral crystals. It is white or yellow.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure.

Nephew

NEPH'EW, noun [French neveu; Latin nepos; Italian nepote; Dutch neef; German neffe; Sanscrit naptri; Welsh nai, contracted.]

1. The son of a brother or sister.

Dryden.

2. A grandson; also, a descendant. [Not much used.]

Hooker.

Nephrite

NEPH'RITE, noun [Greek, from, the kidneys.]

A mineral, a subspecies of jade, of a leek green color, massive and in rolled pieces. It occurs in granite and gneiss, and is remarkable for its hardness and tenacity. It was formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, but is now cut into handles of sabers and daggers.

Cleaveland. Ure. Cyc.

Nephritic

NEPHRIT'IC, or NEPHRIT'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, the kidneys.]

1. Pertaining to the kidneys or organs of urine; as a nephritic disease.

2. Affected with the stone or gravel; as a nephritic patient.

3. Relieving or curing the stone or gravel, or disorders of the kidneys in general; as a nephritic medicine.

Nephritic stone, a stone of the silicious kind, called jade.

Nephritic wood, a species of compact wood of a fine grain, brought from New Spain, which gives a blue color to spirit of wine and to water; which color is changed to yellow by acids, and again to blue by alkalies.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Nephritic

NEPHRIT'IC, noun A medicine adapted to relieve or cure the diseases of the kidneys, particularly the gravel or stone in the bladder.

Cyc.

Nephritis

NEPH'RITIS, noun In medicine, an inflammation of the kidneys.

Nephrotomy

NEPHROT'OMY, noun [Greek, a kidney, and, to cut.]

In surgery, the operation of extracting a stone from the kidney.

Cyc.

Nepotism

NEP'OTISM, noun [French nepotisme, from Latin nepos, nephew.]

1. Fondness for nephews.

Addison.

2. Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to nephews and other relations.

Neptunian

NEPTU'NIAN, adjective [from Neptunus, the fabled deity of the ocean.]

1. Pertaining to the ocean or sea.

2. Formed by water or aqueous solution; as neptunian rocks.

Neptunian

NEPTU'NIAN, or NEP'TUNIST, noun One who adopts the theory that the whole earth was once covered with water, or rather that the substances of the globe were formed from aqueous solution; opposed to the Plutonic theory.

Pinkerton. Good.

Nereid

NE'REID, noun [Greek, plu. of, from, a marine deity; Sanscrit nara, water; Arabic Hebrew, to flow. See Narrate.]

In mythology, a sea nymph. In ancient monuments, the Nereids are represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish. They were the daughters of Nereus, and constantly attended Neptune.

Encyc.

Nerfling

NERF'LING, noun A fresh water fish of Germany, of the lether-mouthed kind, and apparently a variety of the rudd.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Nerite

NER'ITE, noun A genus of univalvular shells.

Neritite

NER'ITITE, noun A petrified shell of the genus Nerita.

Nerve

NERVE, n. nerv. [Latin nervus; French nerf; Welsh nerth, strength; Greek, nerve; probably allied to, a man, Latin vir; Pers. nar, the male of any animal; Sanscrit nar, a man. In Welsh, nÃƒ-ªr denotes one that possesses self-energy, and hence an epithet of God.]

1. An organ of sensation and motion in animals. The nerves are prolongations of the medullary substance of the brain, which ramify and extend to every part of the body.

Encyc. Parr.

2. A sinew or tendon.

Pope.

3. Strength; firmness of body; as a man of nerve.

4. Fortitude; firmness of mind; courage.

5. Strength; force; authority; as the nerves of discipline.

Gibbon.

Nerve

NERVE, verb transitive To give strength or vigor; to arm with force; as, fear nerved his arm.

Ames.

Nerved

NERV'ED, participle passive Armed with strength.

2. adjective In botany, having vessels simple and unbranched, extending from the base towards the tip; as a nerved leaf.

Nerveless

NERVELESS, a. nerv'less. Destitute of strength; weak.

Pope.

Nervine

NERV'INE, adjective [Low Latin nervinus.] That has the quality of relieving in disorders of the nerves.

Nervine

NERV'INE, noun A medicine that affords relief from disorders of the nerves.

Nervous

NERV'OUS, adjective [Latin nervosus.] Strong; vigorous; as a nervous arm.

2. Pertaining to the nerves; seated in or affecting the nerves; as a nervous disease or fever.

3. Having the nerves affected; hypochondriac; a colloquial use of the word.

4. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength in sentiment or style; as a nervous historian.

Adams.

Nervous

NERV'OUS, or NERV'OSE, adjective In botany. [See Nerved, No. 2.]

Nervously

NERV'OUSLY, adverb With strength or vigor.

Warton.

Nervousness

NERV'OUSNESS, noun Strength; force; vigor.

Warton.

2. The state of being composed of nerves.

Goldsmith.

Nervy

NERV'Y, adjective Strong; vigorous.

Shak.

Nescience

NESCIENCE, n. nesh'ens. [Latin nesciens, nescio; ne and scio.]

Want of knowledge; ignorance.

Bp. Hall.

Nesh

NESH, adjective [Saxon nesc.] Soft; tender; nice. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Ness

NESS, a termination of names, signifies a promontory, from the root of nose, which see.

Ness

NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Saxon nesse, nysse,] denotes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness.

Nest

NEST, noun [Saxon German, Dutch id.; Swedish n?ste; Welsh nyth; Latin nidus; French nid; Italian Spanish nido; Armoric neiz; Irish nead; Russian gnizdo; Greek,, unless the latter are from. In Persic, nisim is a nest, nashiman, a mansion, and nishashtan, to sit down, to dwell or remain.]

1. The place or bed formed or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her young, until they are able to fly. The word is used also for the bed in which certain insects deposit their eggs.

2. Any place where irrational animals are produced.

Bentley.

3. An abode; a place of residence; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection itself; usually in an ill sense; as a nest of rogues.

4. A warm close place of abode; generally in contempt.

Spenser.

5. A number of boxes, cases or the like, inserted in each other.

Nest

NEST, verb intransitive To build and occupy a nest.

The king of birds nested with its leaves.

Howell.

Nestegg

NEST'EGG, noun An egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it.

Hudibras.

Nestle

NESTLE, v. i. nes'l. To settle; to harbor; to lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest.

The king-fisher nestles in hollow banks.

L'Estrange.

Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came.

Bacon.

2. To move about in one's seat, like a bird when forming her nest; as, a child nestles.

Nestle

NESTLE, v. t. nes'l. To house, as in a nest

Donne

2. To cherish, as a bird her young.

Chapman.

Nestling

NEST'LING, noun A young bird in the nest or just taken from the nest.

2. A nest. [Not used.]

Nestling

NEST'LING, adjective Newly hatched; being yet in the nest.

Barrington.

Nestorian

NESTO'RIAN, noun A follower of Nestorius, a heretic of the fifth century, who taught that Christ was divided into two persons.

Net

NET, noun [Saxon net, nyt; Dutch Danish net; German netz; Swedish n?t, not; Gothic nati, from the root of knit, Saxon cnyttan, whence knot, Latin nodus.]

1. An instrument for catching fish and fowls, or wild beasts, formed with twine or thread interwoven with meshes.

2. A cunning device; a snare. Micah 7.

3. Inextricable difficulty. Job 18.

4. Severe afflictions. Job 19.

Net

NET, verb transitive To make a net or net-work; to knot.

Seward.

Net

NET, adjective [French net; Italian netto. See Neat.]

1. Neat; pure; unadulterated. [Little used.]

2. Being without flaw or spot. [Little used.]

3. Being beyond all charges or outlay; as net profits.

4. Being clear of all tare and tret, or all deductions; as net weight. It is sometimes written nett, but improperly. Net is properly a mercantile appropriation of neat.

Net

NET, verb transitive To produce clear profit.

Nether

NETH'ER, adjective [Saxon neother; German nieder; Dutch Danish neder. This word is of the comparative degree; the positive occurs only in composition, as in beneath, Saxon neothan. It is used only in implied comparison, as in the nether part, the nether millstone; but we never say, one part is nether than another. It is not much used.]

1. Lower; lying or being beneath or in the lower part; opposed to upper; as the nether millstone.

Distorted all my nether shape thus grew

Transform'd.

Milton.

2. In a lower place.

'Twixt upper, nether and surrounding fires.

Milton.

3. Belonging to the regions below.

Dryden.

Nethermost

NETH'ERMOST, adjective Lowest; as the nethermost hell; the nethermost abyss.

South. Milton.

Netting

NET'TING, noun [from net.] A piece of network.

2. A complication of ropes fastened across each other, to be stretched along the upper part of a ship's quarter to contain hammocks. Netting is also employed to hold the fore and main-top-mast sails when stowed. Netting is also extended along a ship's gunwale in engagements, to prevent the enemy from boarding.

Mar. Dict.

Nettle

NETTLE, n. net'l. [Saxon netl, netele; Dutch netel; German nessel; Swedish n?ssla; Greek, from the root of, to scratch.]

A plant of the genus Urtica, whose prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensations.

And near the noisome nettle blooms the rose.

Rambler, motto.

Nettle

NET'TLE, verb transitive To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to excite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amounting to wrath or violent anger.

The princes were nettled at the scandal of this affront.

L'Estrange.

Nettled

NET'TLED, participle passive Fretted; irritated.

Nettler

NET'TLER, noun One that provokes, stings or irritates.

Milton.

Nettle-Tree

NET'TLE-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Celtis, whose leaves are deeply serrated, and end in a sharp point.

Encyc.

Nettling

NET'TLING, participle of the present tense Irritating; vexing.

Net-Work

NET'-WORK, noun A complication of threads, twine or cords united at certain distances, forming meshes, interstices or open spaces between the knots or intersections; reticulated or decussated work.

Addison.

Neurological

NEUROLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Neurology.] Pertaining to neurology, or to a description of the nerves of animals.

Neurologist

NEUROL'OGIST, noun One who describes the nerves of animals.

Neurology

NEUROL'OGY, noun [Greek, a nerve, and, discourse.]

A description of the nerves of animal bodies, or the doctrine of the nerves.

Neuropter

NEU'ROPTER, or NEUROP'TERA, noun [Greek, a nerve, and, a wing.] The neuropters are an order of insects having four membranous, transparent, naked wings, reticulated with veins.

Neuropteral

NEUROP'TERAL, adjective Belonging to the order of neuropters.

Neurospast

NEU'ROSPAST, noun [Greek, to draw with strings.]

A puppet; a little figure put in motion.

More.

Neurotic

NEUROT'IC, adjective [Greek, a nerve.] Useful in disorders of the nerves.

Neurotic

NEUROT'IC, noun A medicine useful in disorders of the nerves.

Encyc.

Neurotomical

NEUROTOM'ICAL, adjective [See Neurotomy.] Pertaining to the anatomy or dissection of nerves.

Neurotomist

NEUROT'OMIST, noun One who dissects the nerves.

Neurotomy

NEUROT'OMY, noun [Greek, a nerve, and, to cut.]

1. The dissection of a nerve.

Coxe.

2. The art or practice of dissecting the nerves.

Neuter

NEUTER, a. nu'ter. [Latin; compounded of ne and uter, not either.]

1. Not adhering to either party; taking no part with either side, either when persons are contending, or questions are discussed. It may be synonymous with indifferent, or it may not. The United States remained neuter during the French revolution, but very few of the people were indifferent as to the success of the parties engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and he is then indifferent; but he may be neuter in fact, when he is not in feeling or principle. A judge should be perfectly neuter in feeling, that he may decide with impartiality.

2. In grammar, of neither gender; an epithet given to nouns that are neither masculine nor feminine; primarily to nouns which express neither sex.

Neuter

NEU'TER, noun A person that takes no part in a contest between two or more individuals or nations; a person who is either indifferent to the cause, or forbears to interfere.

2. An animal of neither sex, or incapable of propagation. The working bees are neuters.

Ed. Encyc.

Neuter verb, in grammar, a verb which expresses an action or state limited to the subject, and which is not followed by an object; as, I go; I sit; I am; I run; I walk. It is better denominated intransitive.

Neutral

NEU'TRAL, adjective [French neutre; Latin neutralis, from neuter.]

1. Not engaged on either side; not taking an active part with either of contending parties. It is policy for a nation to be neutral when other nations are at war. Belligerents often obtain supplies from neutral states.

2. Indifferent; having no bias in favor of either side or party.

3. Indifferent; neither very good nor bad.

Some things good, and some things ill do seem,

And neutral some in her fantastic eye.

Davies.

Neutral salt, in chimistry, a salt or body composed of two primitive saline substances in combination, and possessing the character neither of an acid or alkaline salt; or a combination of an acid with any substance which destroys its acidity; any salt saturated with an alkali, an earth or a metal. But it is more usual to denominate neutral, a salt which is united with an alkaline substance, and to call the others earthy or metallic.

Hooper. Nicholson. Encyc.

Neutral

NEU'TRAL, noun A person or nation that takes no part in a contest between others.

The neutral, as far as his commerce extends, becomes a party in the war.

R. German Harper.

Neutralist

NEU'TRALIST, noun A neutral. [Little used.]

Neutrality

NEUTRAL'ITY, noun The state of being unengaged in disputes or contests between others; the state of taking no part on either side. States often arm to maintain their neutrality.

2. A state of indifference in feeling or principle.

3. Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor evil. [Little used.]

Donne.

4. A combination of neutral powers or states; as the armed neutrality.

Neutralization

NEUTRALIZA'TION, noun [from neutralize.]

1. The act of neutralizing or destroying the peculiar properties of a body by combination with another body or substance.

2. The act of reducing to a state of indifference or neutrality.

Neutralize

NEU'TRALIZE, verb transitive To render neutral; to reduce to a state of indifference between different parties or opinions.

2. In chimistry, to destroy or render inert or imperceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining it with a different substance. Thus to neutralize acids and alkalies, is to combine them in such proportions that the compound will not exhibit the qualities of either. This is called a neutral salt.

3. To destroy the peculiar properties or opposite dispositions of parties or other things, or reduce them to a state of indifference or inactivity; as, to neutralize parties in government; to neutralize opposition.

The benefits of universitiesÃ‚--neutralized by moral evils.

Chaldee Obs.

A cloud of counter citations that neutralize each other.

E. Everett.

Neutralized

NEU'TRALIZED, participle passive Reduced to neutrality or indifference.

Neutralizer

NEU'TRALIZER, noun That which neutralizes; that which destroys, disguises or renders inert the peculiar properties of a body. The base of a salt is its neutralizer.

Neutralizing

NEU'TRALIZING, participle of the present tense Destroying or rendering inert the peculiar properties of a substance; reducing to indifference or inactivity.

Neutrally

NEU'TRALLY, adverb Without taking part with either side; indifferently.

Never

NEV'ER, adverb [Saxon noefre; ne, not, and oefre, ever.]

1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time. It refers to the past or the future. This man was never at Calcutta; he will never be there.

2. It has a particular use in the following sentences.

"Ask me never so much dower and gift." Genesis 34.

"Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never so wisely." Psalm 58.

"A fear of batteryÃ‚--though never so well grounded, is no duress."

Blackstone.

This is a genuine English use of never, found in our Saxon authors, and it ought to be retained. "Ask me so much dower as never was done;" that is, dower to any extent. The practice of using ever in such phrases, is corrupt. It not only destroys the force but the propriety of the phrase.

Burke. Camden. Washington.

Goldsmith. Hooke.

3. In no degree; not.

Whoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another man's head and yet see never the worse.

South.

4. It is used for not. He answered him never a word; that is, not ever. This use is not common.

5. It is much used in composition; as in never-ending, never-failing, never-dying, never-ceasing, never-fading; but in all such compounds, never retains its true meaning.

Nevertheless

NEVERTHELESS', adverb [never, the and less.] Not the less; notwithstanding; that is, in opposition to any thing, or without regarding it. "It rained, nevertheless, we proceeded on our journey;" we did not the less proceed on our journey; we proceeded in opposition to the rain, without regarding it, or without being prevented.

New

NEW, adjective [Saxon neow; Dutch nieuw; German neu; Swedish Danish ny; Latin novus; Italian nuovo; Spanish nuevo; Greek; French neuf; Armoric nevez; Irish nua, nuadh; Welsh newyz; Russian novie; Hindoo, nava, nou; Sanscrit nawa; Pers..]

1. Lately made, invented, produced or come into being; that has existed a short time only; recent in origin; novel; opposed to old, and used of things; as a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion; a new theory; the new chimistry; a new discovery.

2. Lately introduced to our knowledge; not before known; recently discovered; as a new metal; a new species of animals or plants found in foreign countries; the new continent.

3. Modern; not ancient.

4. Recently produced by change; as a new life.

Put on the new man. Ephesians 4.

5. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed.

Heretics and such as instill their poison into new minds.

Hooker.

New to the plough, unpracticed in the trace.

Pope.

6. Renovated; repaired so as to recover the first state.

Men, after long emaciating diets, wax plump, fat and almost new.

Bacon.

7. Fresh after any event.

New from her sickness to that northern air.

Dryden.

8. Not of ancient extraction or a family of ancient distinction.

By superior capacity and extensive knowledge, a new man often mounts to favor.

Addison.

9. Not before used; strange; unknown.

They shall speak with new tongues. Mark 16.

10. Recently commenced; as the new year.

11. Having passed the change or conjunction with the sun; as the new moon.

12. Not cleared and cultivated, or lately cleared; as new land.

America.

13. That has lately appeared for the first time; as a new star.

New is much used in composition to qualify other words, and always bears its true sense of late, recent, novel, fresh; as in new-born, new-made, new-grown, new-formed, new-found. In this use, new may be considered as adverbial, or as a part of the compound.

New

NEW, verb transitive To make new. [Not used.]

Gower.

Newel

NEW'EL, noun In architecture, the upright post about which are formed winding stairs, or a cylinder of stone formed by the end of the steps of the winding stairs.

2. Novelty. [Not used.]

Spenser.

New-Fangled

NEW-FANG'LED, adjective [new and fangle.] New made; formed with the affectation of novelty; in contempt.

New-fangled devices.

Atterbury.

New-Fangledness

NEW-FANG'LEDNESS, noun Vain or affected fashion or form.

Sidney. Carew.

New-Fashioned

NEW-FASH'IONED, adjective Made in a new form, or lately come into fashion.

Newing

NEW'ING, noun Yeast or barm.

Ainsworth.

Newish

NEW'ISH, adjective Somewhat new; nearly new.

Bacon.

Newly

NEW'LY, adverb Lately; freshly; recently.

He rubb'd it o'er with newly gathered mint.

Dryden.

2. With a new form, different from the former.

And the refined mind doth newly fashion

Into a fairer form.

Spenser.

3. In a manner not existing before.

New-Model

NEW-MOD'EL, verb transitive To give a new form to.

New-Modeled

NEW-MOD'ELED, adjective Formed after a new model.

New-Modeling

NEW-MOD'ELING, participle of the present tense Giving a new form to.

Newness

NEW'NESS, noun Lateness of origin; recentness; state of being lately invented or produced; as the newness of a dress; the newness of a system.

2. Novelty; the state of being first known or introduced. The newness of the scene was very gratifying.

3. Innovation; recent change.

And happy newness that intends old right.

Shak.

4. Want of practice or familiarity.

His newness shamed most of the others' long exercise.

Sidney.

5. Different state or qualities introduced by change or regeneration.

Even so we also should walk in newness of life. Romans 6.

News

NEWS, noun [from new; French nouvelles. This word has a plural form, but is almost always united with a verb in the singular.]

1. Recent account; fresh information of something that has lately taken place at a distance, or of something before unknown; tidings. We have news from Constantinople. News has just arrived. This news is favorable.

Evil news rides fast, while good news baits.

Milton.

It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and rich.

L'Estrange.

2. A newspaper.

News-Monger

NEWS'-MONGER, noun One that deals in news; one who employs much time in hearing and telling news.

Arbuthnot.

Newspaper

NEWS'PAPER, noun A sheet of paper printed and distributed for conveying news; a public print that circulates news, advertisements, proceedings of legislative bodies, public documents and the like.

Newt

NEWT, noun A small lizard; an eft.

Encyc.

Newtonian

NEWTO'NIAN, adjective Pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or formed or discovered by him; as the Newtonian philosophy or system.

Newtonian

NEWTO'NIAN, noun A follower of Newton in philosophy.

New-Years Gift

NEW-YEAR'S GIFT, noun A present made on the first day of the year.

Next

NEXT, adjective superl. of nigh. [Saxon next or nexsta, from neh, neah, nigh; German nÃƒ-¤chst; Dutch naast; Swedish n?st; Danish noes.

1. Nearest in place; that has no object intervening between it and some other; immediately preceding, or preceding in order. We say, the next person before or after another.

Her princely guest

Was next her side, in order sat the rest.

Dryden.

2. Nearest in time; as the next day or hour; the next day before or after Easter.

3. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or relation; as, one man is next to another in excellence; one is next in kindred; one is next in rank or dignity. Assign the property to him who has the next claim.

Next

NEXT, adverb At the time or turn nearest or immediately succeeding. It is not material who follows next.

Nias

NIAS, for an eyas, a young hawk.

B. Jonson.

Nib

NIB, noun [Saxon neb, nebb. See Neb, the same word differently written.]

1. The bill or beak of a fowl.

2. The point of any thing, particularly of a pen.

Nibbed

NIB'BED, adjective Having a nib or point.

Nibble

NIB'BLE, verb transitive [from nib.] To bite by little at a time; to eat slowly or in small bits. So sheep are said to nibble the grass.

Shak.

2. To bite, as a fish does the bait; to carp at; just to catch by biting.

Gay.

Nibble

NIB'BLE, verb intransitive To bite at; as, fishes nibble at the bait.

Grew.

2. To carp at; to find fault; to censure little faults.

Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly nibbles at a single passage.

Tillotson.

Nibble

NIB'BLE, noun A little bite, or seizing to bite.

Nibbler

NIB'BLER, noun One that bites a little at a time; a carper.

Nibbling

NIB'BLING, participle of the present tense Biting in small bits; carping.

Nice

NICE, adjective [Saxon nesc or hnesc; Dutch nesch, soft, tender; German naschen, to eat dainties or sweetmeats; Danish knoes, dainties.]

1. Properly, soft; whence, delicate; tender; dainty; sweet or very pleasant to the taste; as a nice bit; nice food.

2. Delicate; fine; applied to texture, composition or color; as cloth of a nice texture; nice tints of color.

3. Accurate; exact; precise; as nice proportions; nice symmetry; nice workmanship; nice rules.

4. Requiring scrupulous exactness; as a nice point.

5. Perceiving the smallest difference; distinguishing accurately and minutely by perception; as a person of nice taste; hence,

6. Perceiving accurately the smallest faults, errors or irregularities; distinguishing and judging with exactness; as a nice judge of a subject; nice discernment.

Our author happy in a judge so nice.

Pope.

7. Over scrupulous or exact.

Curious, not knowing; not exact, but nice..

Pope.

8. Delicate; scrupulously and minutely cautious.

The letter was not nice, but full of charge

Of dear import.

Shak.

Dear love, continue nice and chaste.

Donne.

9. Fastidious; squeamish.

And to taste,

Think not I shall be nice.

Milton.

10. Delicate; easily injured.

How nice the reputation of the maid!

Roscommon.

11. Refined; as nice and subtle happiness.

Milton.

12. Having lucky hits. [Not used.]

Shak.

13. Weak; foolish; effeminate. Obs.

Gower.

14. Trivial; unimportant.

Shak.

To make nice, to be scrupulous.

Shak.

Nicely

NI'CELY, adverb With delicate perception; as, to be nicely sensible.

2. Accurately; exactly; with exact order or proportion; as the parts of a machine or building nicely adjusted; a shape nicely proportioned; a dress nicely fitted to the body; the ingredients of a medicine nicely proportioned and mixed.

3. In colloquial language, well; cleverly; dextrously; handsomely; in the best manner; as, a feat is nicely done.

Nicene

NI'CENE, adjective Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor. The Nicene creed, was a summary of christian faith composed by the council of Nice against Arianism, A. Dutch 325, altered and confirmed by the council of Constantinople, A. Dutch 381.

Encyc.

Niceness

NI'CENESS, noun Delicacy of perception; the quality of perceiving small differences; as niceness of taste.

2. Extreme delicacy; excess of scrupulousness or exactness.

Unlike the niceness of our modern dames.

Dryden.

3. Accuracy; minute exactness; as niceness of work; niceness of texture or proportion.

Where's now the labored niceness in thy dress?

Dryden.

Nicety

NI'CETY, noun Niceness; delicacy of perception.

2. Excess of delicacy; fastidiousness; squeamishness.

So love doth lothe disdainful nicety.

Spenser.

3. Minute difference; as the niceties of words.

4. Minuteness of observation or discrimination; precision. The connoisseur judges of the beauties of a painting with great nicety.

5. Delicate management; exactness in treatment.

Love such nicety requires,

One blast will put out all his fires.

Swift.

6. Niceties, in the plural, delicacies for food; dainties.

Nich

NICH, or NICHE, noun [French niche; Spanish Portugese nicho; Italian nicchia, properly a nook, corner, and nicchio, a shell. It seems to be a different orthography of nook.]

A cavity, hollow or recess within the thickness of a wall, for a statue or bust.

Pope.

Nick

NICK, noun In the northern mythology, an evil spirit of the waters; hence the modern vulgar phrase, Old Nick, the evil one.

Nick

NICK, noun [Swedish nick; Danish nik; Dutch knik, a nod; German nicken, to nod; genick, the nape; genicke, a continual nodding. The word seems to signify a point, from shooting forward.]

1. The exact point of time required by necessity or convenience; the critical time.

L'Estrange.

2. [German knick, a flaw.] A notch or score for keeping an account; a reckoning. Obs.

Shak.

3. A winning throw.

Prior.

Nick

NICK, verb transitive To hit; to touch luckily; to perform by a slight artifice used at the lucky time.

The just reason of doing things must be nicked, and all accidents improved.

L'Estrange.

2. To cut in nicks or notches. [See Notch.]

Shak.

3. To suit, as lattices cut in nicks. Obs.

Camden.

4. To defeat or cozen, as at dice; to disappoint by some trick or unexpected turn. Obs.

Shak.

Nick

NICK, verb transitive [German knicken, to flaw.] To notch or make an incision in a horse's tail, to make him carry it higher.

Nickar-Tree

NICKAR-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Guilandina, which grows in the western parts of the U. States, and bears a nut of the size of a pignut.

Mease.

Nickel

NICK'EL, noun A metal of a white or reddish white color, of great hardness, very difficult to be purified, always magnetic, and when perfectly pure, malleable. It is generally obtairned from its sulphuret.

Nickelic

NICK'ELIC, adjective The nicklic acid is a saturated combination of nickel and oxygen.

Nicker

NICK'ER, noun One who watches for opportunities to pilfer or practice knavery.

Arbuthnot.

Nickname

NICK'NAME, noun [In French nique is a term of contempt. In German necken is to banter. In Chaldee signifies to surname, to call by a name of reproach.]

A name given in contempt, derision or reproach; an opprobrious appellation.

Bacon.

Nickname

NICK'NAME, verb transitive To give a name of reproach; to call by an opprobrious appellation.

You nickname virtue vice.

Shak.

Nicknamed

NICK'NAMED, participle passive Named in derision.

Nicknaming

NICK'NAMING, participle of the present tense Calling by a name in contempt or derision.

Nicolaitan

NICOLA'ITAN, noun One of a sect in the ancient christian church, so named from Nicolas, a deacon of the church of Jerusalem. They held that all married women should be common to prevent jealousy. They are not charged with erroneous opinions respecting God, but with licentious practices. Revelation 2.

Nicotian

NICO'TIAN, adjective Pertaining to or denoting tobacco; and as a noun, tobacco; so called from Nicot, who first introduced it into France, A. Dutch 1560.

Nicotin

NIC'OTIN, noun The peculiar principle in the leaves of tobacco; a colorless substance of an acrid taste. It is precipitated from its solution by the tincture of nutgalls.

Vauquelin.

Nictate

NIC'TATE, verb intransitive [Latin nicto, to wink.] To wink.

Ray.

Nictating

NIC'TATING, or NIC'TITATING, participle of the present tense or a. Winking. The nictitating membrane is a thin membrane that covers and protects the eyes of some animals, without entirely obstructing the sight.

Paley.

Nictation

NICTA'TION, noun The act of winking.

Nide

NIDE, noun [Latin nidus, a nest.] A brood; as a nide of pheasants. [Not in use.]

Nidget

NIDG'ET, noun A dastard. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Nidificate

NID'IFICATE, verb intransitive [Latin nidifico, from nidus, a nest.] To make a nest.

Nidification

NIDIFICA'TION, noun The act or operation of building a nest, and the hatching and feeding of young in the nest.

Derham.

Niding

NID'ING, noun [Saxon nithing; Danish Swedish niding.] A despicable coward; a dastard. Obs.

Nidor

NI'DOR, noun [Latin] Scent; savor.

Bp. Taylor.

Nidorosity

NIDOROS'ITY, noun Eructation with the taste of undigested roast meat.

Floyer.

Nidorous

NI'DOROUS, adjective Resembling the smell or taste of roasted meat.

Bacon.

Nidulant

NID'ULANT, adjective [Latin nidulor, from nidus, nest.]

In botany, nestling; lying loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp.

Martyn. Lee.

Nidulation

NIDULA'TION, noun The time of remaining in the nest; as of a bird.

Brown.

Nidus

NI'DUS, noun [Latin] A nest; a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, &c.

Niece

NIECE, noun nese. [French niÃƒ-¨ce; Armoric nizes, nyes; Welsh nith; qu. The Dutch has nigt, and the German nichte.] The daughter of a brother or sister.

Nifle

NIF'LE, noun [Norm.] A trifle. Obs.

Chaucer.

Niggard

NIG'GARD, noun [Welsh nig, straight, narrow, or German knicker, a niggard, and a nod or nodding; knickern, to haggle, to be sordidly parsimonious; Danish gnier, for gniker or gniger, a niggard. This word seems to belong to the family of Dutch knikken, German nicken, Danish nikker, to nod, and this to Danish knikker, to crack; exhibiting analogies similar to those of wretch, wreck and haggle. Ard is a termination, as in dotard.]

A miser; a person meanly close and covetous; a sordid wretch who saves every cent, or spends grudgingly.

Serve him as a grudging master,

As a penurious niggard of his wealth.

Milton.

Be niggards of advice on no pretense.

Pope.

Niggard

NIG'GARD, adjective Miserly; meanly covetous; sordidly parsimonious.

Dryden.

2. Sparing; wary.

Most free of question, but to our demands

Niggard in his reply.

Shak.

Niggard

NIG'GARD, verb transitive To stint; to supply sparingly. [Little used.]

Shak.

Niggardise

NIG'GARDISE, noun Niggardliness. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Niggardish

NIG'GARDISH, adjective Somewhat covetous or niggardly.

Johnson.

Niggardliness

NIG'GARDLINESS, noun Mean covetousness; sordid parsimony; extreme avarice manifested in sparing expense.

Niggardliness is not good husbandry.

Addison.

Niggardly

NIG'GARDLY, adjective Meanly covetous or avaricious; sordidly parsimonious; extremely sparing of expense.

Where the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the steward to be niggardly.

Hall.

2. Sparing; wary; cautiously avoiding profusion.

Sidney.

Niggardly

NIG'GARDLY, adverb Sparingly; with cautious parsimony.

Shak.

Niggardness

NIG'GARDNESS, noun Niggardliness. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Niggardy

NIG'GARDY, noun Niggardliness. [Not used.]

Niggle

NIG'GLE, v.t. and i. To mock; to trifle with. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Nigh

NIGH, a. ni. [Saxon neah, neahg, neh, for nig; German nahe, nigh. This is the German nach, Dutch na, a preposition signifying to, on or after, that is, approaching, pressing on, making towards; Dutch naaken, to approach; Welsh nig, strait, narrow.]

1. Near; not distant or remote in place or time.

The loud tumult shows the battle nigh.

Prior.

When the fig-tree putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh. Matthew 24.

2. Closely allied by blood; as a nigh kinsman.

Knolles.

3. Easy to be obtained or learnt; of easy access.

The word is very nigh unto thee. Deuteronomy 30.

4. Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid and defend.

The Lord is nigh unto them who are of a broken heart. Psalm 34.

5. Close in fellowship; intimate in relation,

Ye are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Ephesians 2.

6. Near in progress or condition. Hebrews 6.

Nigh

NIGH, adv. ni. Near; at a small distance in place or time, or in the course of events.

He was sick, nigh to death. Philippians 2.

2. Near to a place.

He drew nigh.

Milton.

3. Almost; near. He was nigh dead.

Nigh is never a preposition. In the phrase, "nigh this recess, with terror they survey," there is an ellipsis of to. They, nigh to this recess, survey, &c.

Nigh

NIGH, v. i. ni. To approach; to advance or draw near. [Not used.]

Hubberd.

Nighly

NIGHLY, adv. ni'ly. Nearly; within a little.

A cube and a sphere nighly of the same bigness. [Not used.]

Locke.

Nighness

NIGHNESS, n. ni'ness. Nearness; proximity in place, time or degree.

Night

NIGHT, n. nite. [Saxon niht; Gothic nahts; Dutch nagt; German nacht; Swedish natt; Danish nat, contracted; Latin nox; Greek; Spanish noche; Portugese noite; Italian notte; French nuit; Irish nocht; Russian noch; Slav. nosch; Sanscrit nischa. The sense may be dark, black, or it may be the decline of the day, from declining, departing, like the Shemitic.]

1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise.

2. The time after the close of life; death. John 9.

She closed her eyes in everlasting night.

Dryden.

3. A state of ignorance; intellectual and moral darkness; heathenish ignorance. Romans 13.

4. Adversity; a state of affliction and distress. Isaiah 21.

5. Obscurity; a state of concealment from the eye or the mind; unintelligibleness.

Nature and nature's works lay hid in night.

Pope.

In the night, suddenly; unexpectedly. Luke 12.

To-night, in this night. To-night the moon will be eclipsed.

Night-Angling

NIGHT-ANGLING, noun The angling for or catching fish in the night.

Encyc.

Night-Bird

NIGHT-BIRD, noun A bird that flies only in the night.

Hall.

Night-Born

NIGHT-BORN, adjective Produced in darkness.

Night-Brawler

NIGHT-BRAWLER, noun One who excites brawls or makes a tumult at night.

Shak.

Night-Cap

NIGHT-CAP, noun A cap worn in bed or in undress.

Swift.

Night-Crow

NIGHT-CROW, noun A fowl that cries in the night.

Shak.

Night-Dew

NIGHT-DEW, noun The dew formed in the night.

Dryden.

Night-Dog

NIGHT-DOG, noun A dog that hunts in the night; used by deer-stealers.

Shak.

Night-Dress

NIGHT-DRESS, noun A dress worn at night.

Pope.

Nighted

NIGHTED, adjective Darkened; clouded; black. [Little used.]

Shak.

Nightfall

NIGHTFALL, noun, The close of the day; evening.

Swift.

Night-Faring

NIGHT-FARING, adjective Traveling in the night.

Gay.

Night-Fire

NIGHT-FIRE, noun Ignis fatuus; Will with a wisp; Jack with a lantern.

Herbert.

2. Fire burning in the night.

Night-Fly

NIGHT-FLY, noun An insect that flies in the night.

Shak.

Night-Foundered

NIGHT-FOUNDERED, adjective Lost or distressed in the night.

Milton.

Night-Gown

NIGHT-GOWN, noun A loose gown used for undress.

Addison.

Night-Hag

NIGHT-HAG, noun A witch supposed to wander in the night.

Milton.

Nightingale

NIGHTINGALE, noun [Saxon nihtegale; Swedish n?chtergal; Dutch nagtegaal; German nachtigall; Danish nattergal; composed of night and Saxon galan, to sing.]

1. A small bird that sings at night, of the genus Motacilla; Philomela or Philomel.

Shak. Waller.

2. A word of endearment.

Shak.

Nightish

NIGHTISH, adjective Pertaining to night, or attached to the night.

Nightly

NIGHTLY, adjective Done by night; happening in the night. or appearing in the night; as nightly sports; nightly dews.

2. Done every night. The watch goes his nightly round.

Nightly

NIGHTLY, adverb By night.

Thee, Sion, and the flowery brooks beneath, Nightly I visit.

Milton.

2. Every night.

Addison.

Night-Man

NIGHT-MAN, noun One who removes filth from cities in the night.

Nightmar

NIGHTMAR, noun [night and Saxon mara, incubus, nightmar. Mara may be from the root of merran, to stop, to hinder, [see Moor;] or it may be the Rabbinic, an evil spirit or demon.]

Incubus; a sensation in sleep resembling the pressure of a weight on the breast or about the praecordia. It is usually the effect of indigestion or of a loaded stomach.

Night-Piece

NIGHT-PIECE, noun A piece of painting so colored as to be supposed seen by candlelight.

Addison.

Night-Rail

NIGHT-RAIL, noun [night and Saxon regl, or rather hroegle, a garment or robe.]

A loose robe or garment worn over the dress at night. [Not used.]

Addison.

Night-Raven

NIGHT-RAVEN, noun A fowl of ill omen that cries in the night.

Spenser. Shak.

Night-Rest

NIGHT-REST, noun Rest or repose at night.

Shak.

Night-Robber

NIGHT-ROBBER, noun One that robs or steals in the night.

Spenser.

Night-Rule

NIGHT-RULE, noun A tumult or frolick in the night.

Shak.

Nightshade

NIGHTSHADE, noun [Saxon nihtscada.]

A plant of the genus Solanum. The deadly nightshade is of the genus Atropa; the American nightshade of the genus Phytolacea; the bastard nightshade of the genus Rivina; the enchanter's nightshade of the genus Circaea; the Malabar nightshade of the genus Basella; and the three-leaved nightshade of the genus Trillium.

Fam. of Plants.

Night-Shining

NIGHT-SHINING, adjective Shining in the night; luminous in darkness.

Wilkins.

Night-Shriek

NIGHT-SHRIEK, noun A shriek or outcry in the night.

Shak.

Night-Spell

NIGHT-SPELL, noun A charm against accidents at night.

Chaucer.

Night-Tripping

NIGHT-TRIPPING, adjective Tripping about in the night; as a night-tripping fairy.

Shak.

Night-Vision

NIGHT-VISION, noun A vision at night. Danish ii.

Night-Waking

NIGHT-WAKING, adjective Watching in the night.

Night-Walk

NIGHT-WALK, noun A walk in the evening or night.

Walton.

Night-Walker

NIGHT-WALKER, noun One that walks in his sleep; a somnambulist.

2. One that roves about in the night for evil purposes. Night-walkers are punishable by law.

Night-Walking

NIGHT-WALKING, adjective Roving in the night.

Night-Walking

NIGHT-WALKING, noun A roving in the streets at night with evil designs.

Night-Wanderer

NIGHT-WANDERER, noun One roving at night.

Shak.

Night-Wandering

NIGHT-WANDERING, adjective Wandering in the night.

Shak.

Night-Warbling

NIGHT-WARBLING, adjective Warbling or singing in the night.

Milton.

Nightward

NIGHTWARD, adjective Approaching towards night.

Milton.

Night-Watch

NIGHT-WATCH, noun A period in the night, as distinguished by the change of the watch. Night-watches, however, in the Psalms, seems to mean the night or time of sleep in general.

2. A watch or guard in the night.

Night-Watcher

NIGHT-WATCHER, noun One that watches in the night with evil designs.

Night-Witch

NIGHT-WITCH, noun A night hag; a witch that appears in the night.

Nigrescent

NIGRES'CENT, adjective [Latin nigresco, to grow black.

Growing black; changing to a black color; approaching to blackness.

Nigrin

NIG'RIN, or NIG'RINE, noun An ore of titanium, found in black grains or rolled pieces.

Ure.

Nihility

NIHIL'ITY, noun [Latin nihilum, nihil, nothing; ne and hilum.]

Nothingness; a state of being nothing.

Watts.

Nill

NILL, verb transitive [Saxon nillan, that is, ne, not, and willan, to will; Latin nolo; ne and volo.]

Not to will; to refuse; to reject. Obs.

Spenser.

Nill

NILL, verb intransitive To be unwilling.

Shak.

Nill

NILL, noun The shining sparks of brass in trying and melting the ore.

Johnson.

Nilometer

NILOM'ETER, noun [Nile and Greek, measure.

An instrument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during the flood.

Nim

NIM, verb transitive [Saxon neman, niman, Gothic niman, Dutch neemen, Greek nehmen, to take.]

To take; to steal; to filch. Obs.

Hudibras. L'Estrange.

Nimble

NIM'BLE, adjective [qu. Welsh nwyv, liveliness. In Danish nem is sharp, acute.]

Light and quick in motion; moving with ease and celerity; lively; swift. It is applied chiefly to motions of the feet and hands, sometimes to other things; as a nimble boy; the nimble-footed deer.

Through the mid seas the nimble pinnace sails.

Pope.

Nimble-Footed

NIM'BLE-FOOTED, adjective Running with speed; light of foot.

Nimbleness

NIM'BLENESS, noun Lightness and agility in motion; quickness; celerity; speed; swiftness. It implies lightness and springiness.

The stag thought it better to trust to the nimbleness of his feet.

Sidney.

Ovid ranged over Parnassus with great nimbleness and agility.

Addison.

Nimbless

NIM'BLESS, noun Nimbleness. Obs.

Spenser.

Nimble-Witted

NIM'BLE-WITTED, adjective Quick; ready to speak.

Bacon.

Nimbly

NIM'BLY, adverb With agility; with light, quick motion.

He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber.

Shak.

Nimiety

NIM'IETY, noun [Latin nimietas.] The state of being too much. [Not in use.]

Nimmer

NIM'MER, noun [Saxon niman, to take.] A thief. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Nincompoop

NIN'COMPOOP, noun [said to be a corruption of Latin non compos, not of sound mind.]

A fool; a blockhead; a trifling dotard. [A low word.]

Addison.

Nine

NINE, adjective [Gothic niun; German neun; Swedish nijo; Danish ni; Latin nonus; probably contracted, as the Saxon is nigan, and the Dutch nigen, Hindoo now, Burman no or nonaw.]

Denoting the number composed of eight and one; as nine men; nine days.

Nine

NINE, noun The number composed of eight and one; or the number less by a unit than ten; three times three.

Nine-Fold

NI'NE-FOLD, adjective Nine times repeated.

Milton.

Nine-Holes

NI'NE-HOLES, noun A game in which holes are made in the ground, into which a pellet is to be bowled.

Drayton.

Nine-Pence

NI'NE-PENCE, noun A silver coin of the value of nine pence.

Nine-Pins

NI'NE-PINS, noun A play with nine pins or sharpened pieces of wood set on end, at which a bowl is rolled for throwing them down. We say, to play at nine-pins, or a game at nine-pins.

Nine-Score

NI'NE-SCORE, adjective Noting nine times twenty, or one hundred and eighty. [See Score.]

Nine-Score

NI'NE-SCORE, noun The number of nine times twenty.

Nineteen

NI'NETEEN, adjective [Saxon nigantyne.] Noting the number of nine and ten united; as nineteen years.

Nineteenth

NI'NETEENTH, adjective [Saxon nigantothe.] The ordinal of nineteen; designating nineteen.

Ninetieth

NI'NETIETH, adjective The ordinal of ninety.

Ninety

NI'NETY, adjective Nine times ten; as ninety years.

Ninny

NIN'NY, noun [Spanish niÃƒ-±o; Latin nanus, a dwarf;

Arabic weak in mind.]

A fool; a simpleton.

Swift.

Ninnyhammer

NIN'NYHAMMER, noun A simpleton. [Little used.]

Arbuthnot.

Ninth

NINTH, adjective [Saxon nigetha, nigotha; but ninth, in English, is formed directly from nine; Swedish nijnde.]

The ordinal of nine; designating the number nine the next preceding ten; as the ninth day or month.

Ninth

NINTH, noun In music, an interval containing an octave and a tone.

Nip

NIP, verb transitive [Dutch knippen, to nip, to clip, to pinch; Swedish knipa; German kneif, a knife, a nipping tool; kneifen, to nip, to cut off, to pinch; kniff, a pinch, a nipping; knipp, a fillip, a snap; Welsh cneiviaw, to clip. These words coincide with knife, Saxon cnif, French ganif or canif.]

1. To cut, bite or pinch off the end or nib, or to pinch off with the ends of the fin- gers. The word is used in both senses; the former is probably the true sense. Hence,

2. To cut off the end of any thing; to clip, as with a knife or scissors; as, to nip off a shoot or twig.

3. To blast; to kill or destroy the end of any thing; hence, to kill; as, the frost has nipped the corn; the leaves are nipped; the plant was nipped in the bud. Hence, to nip in the bud, is to kill or destroy in infancy or youth, or in the first stage of growth.

4. To pinch, bite or affect the extremities of any thing; as a nipping frost; hence, to pinch or bite in general; to check growth.

5. To check circulation.

When blood is nipt. [Unusual.]

Shak.

6. To bite; to vex.

And sharp remorse his heart did prick and nip.

Spenser.

7. To satirize keenly; to taunt sarcastically.

Hubberd.

Nip

NIP, noun A pinch with the nails or teeth.

Ascham.

2. A small cut, or a cutting off the end.

3. A blast; a killing of the ends of plants; destruction by frost.

4. A biting sarcasm; a taunt.

Stepney.

5. A sip or small draught; as a nip of toddy. [German nippen, Danish nipper, to sip.]

Nipped

NIP'PED, or NIPT, participle passive Pinched; bit; cropped; blasted.

Nipper

NIP'PER, noun A satirist. [Not used.]

Ascham.

2. A fore tooth of a horse. The nippers are four.

Nippers

NIP'PERS, noun Small pinchers.

Nipping

NIP'PING, participle of the present tense Pinching; pinching off; biting off the end; cropping; clipping; blasting; killing.

Nippingly

NIP'PINGLY, adverb With bitter sarcasm.

Johnson.

Nipple

NIP'PLE, noun [Saxon nypele; dim. of nib, neb.]

1. A teat; a dug; the spungy protuberance by which milk is drawn from the breasts of females.

Ray. Encyc.

2. The orifice at which any animal liquor is separated.

Derham.

Nipplewort

NIP'PLEWORT, noun A plant of the genus Lapsana.

Nisan

NIS'AN, noun A month of the Jewish calendar, the first month of the sacred year and seventh of the civil year, answering nearly to our March. It was originally called Abib, but began to be called Nisan after the captivity.

Encyc.

Nisiprius

NISIPRIUS, noun [Latin] In law, a writ which lies in cases where the jury being impanneled and returned before the justices of the bench, one of the parties requests to have this writ for the ease of the country, that the cause may be tried before the justices of the same country. The purport of the writ is, that the sheriff is commanded to bring to Westminster the men impanneled at a certain day, before the justices, nisi prius, that is, unless the justices shall first come into the county to take assizes. Hence the courts directed to try matters of fact in the several counties are called courts of Nisi Prius, or Nisi Prius courts. In some of the United States, similar courts are established, with powers defined by statute.

Nit

NIT, noun [Saxon hnitu; German niss; Dutch neet; Swedish gnet; Danish gnid; Welsh nezen, nÃƒ-ªz.]

The egg of a louse or other small insect.

Derham.

Nitency

NI'TENCY, noun [from Latin niteo, to shine.]

1. Brightness; luster. [Little used.]

2. [Latin nitor, to strive.] Endeavor; effort; spring to expand itself. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Nitid

NIT'ID, adjective [Latin nitidus.] Bright; lustrous; shining.

Boyle.

2. Gay; spruce; fine; applied to persons. [Little used.]

Reeve.

Niter

NI'TER, noun [French nitre, Spanish Italian nitro; Latin nitrum; Greek; Hebrew Syriac; Arabic; nitrona. In Hebrew, the verb under which this word appears signifies to spring, leap, shake, and to strip or break; in Chaldee to strip or to fall off; in Syriac, the same; in Samaritan to keep, to watch or guard; in Arabic the same; in Ethiopic to shine.]

A salt, called also salt-peter [stone-salt,] and in the modern nomenclature of chimistry, nitrate of potash. It exists in large quantities in the earth, and is continually formed in inhabited places, on walls sheltered from rain, and in all situations where animal matters are decomposed, under stables and barns, &c. It is of great use in the arts; is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is useful in medicines, in preserving meat, butter, &c. It is a white substance, and has an acrid, bitterish taste.

Hooper. Fourcroy.

Nithing

NITH'ING, noun [Saxon] A coward; dastard; a poltroon. [See Niding.]

Nitrate

NI'TRATE, noun A salt formed by the union of the nitric acid with a base; as nitrate of soda.

Lavoisier. Fourcroy.

Nitrated

NI'TRATED, adjective Combined with niter.

Kirwan.

Nitric

NI'TRIC, adjective Impregnated with niter. Nitric acid is the acid saturated with oxygen, or an acid composed of oxygen and nitrogen or azote.

Nitrite

NI'TRITE, noun A salt formed by the combination of the nitrous acid with a base.

Nitrogen

NI'TROGEN, noun [Greek, niter, and, to produce.]

The element of niter; that which produces niter; that element or component part of air which is called azote. [See Azote.]

Nitrogenous

NITROG'ENOUS, adjective Pertaining to nitrogen; producing niter.

Nitroleucic

NITROLEU'CIC, adjective Designating an acid obtained from leucine acted on by niter.

Braconnet.

Nitrometer

NITROM'ETER, noun [Greek, and, to measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the quality or value of niter.

Ure.

Nitro-Muriatic

NITRO-MURIAT'IC, adjective Partaking of niter and muria or sea-salt. The nitro-muriatic acid is a combination or mixture of nitric and muriatic acid.

Nitrous

NI'TROUS, adjective Pertaining to niter; partaking of the qualities of niter, or resembling it. Nitrous acid is one of the compounds formed of nitrogen and oxygen, in which the oxygen is in a lower proportion than that in which the same elements form nitric acid.

Nitry

NI'TRY, adjective Nitrous; pertaining to niter; producing niter.

Gay.

Nitter

NIT'TER, noun [from nit.] The horse bee that deposits nits on horses.

Med. Repos.

Nittily

NIT'TILY, adverb [from nitty.] Lousily. [Not used.]

Hayward.

Nitty

NIT'TY, adjective [from nit.] Full of nits; abounding with nits.

Johnson.

Nival

NI'VAL, adjective [Latin nivalis, from nix, nivis, snow.]

Abounding with snow; snowy. [Not used.]

Dict.

Niveous

NI'VEOUS, adjective [Latin niveus.] Snowy; resembling snow; partaking of the qualities of snow.

Brown.

No

NO. an abbreviation of number, French nombre; as No. 8. No. 10.

No

NO, adverb [Saxon na or ne; Welsh na; Russian ne; Sanscrit na; Pers. Zend, id.]

1. A word of denial or refusal, expressing a negative, and equivalent to nay and not. When it expresses a negative answer, it is opposed to yes or yea. Will you go? No.

It is frequently used in denying propositions, and opposed to affirmation or concession. "That I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no." Exodus 16. No, in this use, is deemed less elegant than not, but the use is very general.

2. After another negative, it repeats the negation with great emphasis.

There is none righteous, no, not one. Romans 3:1 Corinthians 5.

Sometimes it follows an affirmative proposition in like manner, but still it denies with emphasis and gives force to the following negative.

To whom we gave place by subjection, no, not for an hour. Galatians 2.

Sometimes it begins a sentence with a like emphatical signification, strengthening the following negative.

No, not the bow which so adorns the skies, So glorious is, or boasts so many dyes.

Waller.

3. Not in any degree; as no longer; no Shorter; no more; no less.

4. When no is repeated, it expresses negation or refusal with emphasis; as no, no.

No

NO, adjective Not any; none.

Let there be no strife between thee and me. Genesis 13.

2. Not any; not one.

Thou shalt worship no other God. Exodus 34.

3. When it precedes where, as in no where, it may be considered as adverbial, though originally an adjective.

Nobiliary

NOBIL'IARY, noun [See Noble.] A history of noble families.

Encyc.

Nobilitate

NOBIL'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin nobilito. See Noble.] To make noble; to ennoble.

Nobilitation

NOBILITA'TION, noun The act of making noble.

More.

Nobility

NOBIL'ITY, noun [Latin nobilitas.] Dignity of mind; greatness; grandeur; that elevation of soul which comprehends bravery, generosity, magnanimity, intrepidity, and contempt of every thing that dishonors character.

Though she hated Amphialus, yet the nobility of her courage prevailed over it.

Sidney.

They thought it great their sovereign to control,

And named their pride, nobility of soul.

Dryden.

2. Antiquity of family; descent from noble ancestors; distinction by blood, usually joined with riches.

When I took up Boccace unawares, I fell on the same argument of preferring virtue to nobility of blood and titles, in the story of Sigismunda.

Dryden.

3. The qualities which constitute distinction of rank in civil society, according to the customs or laws of the country; that eminence or dignity which a man derives from birth or title conferred, and which places him in an order above common men. In Great Britain, nobility is extended to five ranks, those of duke, marquis, earl, viscount and baron.

4. The persons collectively who enjoy rank above commoners; the peerage; as the English nobility; French, German, Russian nobility.

Noble

NO'BLE, adjective [French Spanish noble; Portugese nobre; Italian nobile; Latin nobilis, from nosco, novi, to know.]

1. Great; elevated; dignified; being above every thing that can dishonor reputation; as a noble mind; a noble courage; noble deeds of valor.

Milton.

2. Exalted; elevated; sublime.

Statues, with winding ivy crown'd, belong

To nobler poets for a nobler song.

Dryden.

3. Magnificent; stately; splendid; as a noble parade; a noble edifice.

4. Of an ancient and splendid family; as noble by descent.

5. Distinguished from commoners by rank and title; as a noble personage.

6. Free; generous; liberal; as a noble heart.

7. Principal; capital; as the noble parts of the body.

Johnson.

8. Ingenuous; candid; of an excellent disposition; ready to receive truth. Acts. xvii.

9. Of the best kind; choice; excellent; as a noble vine. Jeremiah 2.

Noble

NO'BLE, noun A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer; as a duke, marquis, earl, viscount or baron.

2. In Scripture, a person of honorable family or distinguished by station. Exodus 24. Nehemiah 6.

3. Originally, a gold coin, but now a money of account, value 6s. 8d. sterling, or $1 48 cts.

Camden.

Nobleman

NO'BLEMAN, noun A noble; a peer; one who enjoys rank above a commoner, either by virtue of birth, by office or patent.

Dryden.

Noblewoman

NO'BLEWOMAN, noun A female of noble rank.

Cavendish.

Nobleness

NO'BLENESS, noun Greatness; dignity; ingenuousness; magnanimity; elevation of mind or of condition, particularly of the mind.

His purposes are full of honesty, nobleness and integrity.

Taylor.

Greatness of mind and nobleness their seat

Build in her loveliest.

Milton.

The nobleness of life is to do thisÃ‚--

Shak.

2. Distinction by birth; honor derived from a noble ancestry.

Nobless

NOBLESS', noun [French noblesse, from Spanish nobleza.]

1. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively, including males and females.

Dryden.

2. Dignity; greatness; noble birth or condition. [In these senses, not now used.]

Spenser. B. Jonson.

Nobly

NO'BLY, adverb Of noble extraction; descended from a family of rank; as nobly born or descended.

Dryden.

2. With greatness of soul; heroically; with magnanimity; as a deed nobly done. He nobly preferred death to disgrace.

3. Splendidly; magnificently. He was nobly entertained.

Where could an emperor's ashes have been so nobly lodged as in the midst of his metropolis and on the top of so exalted a monument?

Addison.

Nobody

NO'BODY, noun [no and body.] No person; no one.

Swift.

Nocent

NO'CENT, adjective [Latin nocens, from noceo, to hurt, from striking. See Annoy.]

Hurtful; mischievous; injurious; doing hurt; as nocent qualities.

Watts.

Nocive

NO'CIVE, adjective [Latin nocivus.] Hurtful; injurious.

Hooker.

Nock

NOCK, noun A notch. Obs. [See Notch.]

Nock

NOCK, verb transitive To place in the notch. Obs.

Chapman.

Noctambulation

NOCTAMBULA'TION, noun [Latin nox, night, and ambulo, to walk.]

A rising from bed and walking in sleep.

Beddoes.

Noctambulist

NOCTAM'BULIST, noun One who rises from bed and walks in his sleep. Arbuthnot uses noctambulo in the same sense; but it is a less analogical word.

Noctidial

NOCTID'IAL, adjective [Latin nox, night, and dies, day.]

Comprising a night and a day. [Little used.]

Holder.

Noctiferous

NOCTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin nox, night, and fero, to bring.] Bringing night. [Not used.]

Dict.

Noctiluca

NOCTIL'UCA, noun [Latin nox, night, and luceo, to shine.]

A species of phosphorus which shines in darkness without the previous aid of solar rays.

Encyc.

Noctilucous

NOCTIL'UCOUS, adjective Shining in the night.

Pennant.

Noctivagant

NOCTIV'AGANT, adjective [Latin nox, night, and vagor, to wander.] Wandering in the night.

Noctivagation

NOCTIVAGA'TION, noun A roving in the night.

Gayton.

Noctuary

NOC'TUARY, noun [from Latin nox, night.] An account of what passes in the night.

Addison.

Noctule

NOC'TULE, noun [from Latin nox, night.] A large species of bat.

Nocturn

NOC'TURN, noun [Latin nocturnus, by night.]

An office of devotion, or religious service by night.

Stillingfleet.

Nocturnal

NOCTURN'AL, adjective [Latin nocturnus, from nox, night.]

1. Pertaining to night; as nocturnal darkness.

2. Done or happening at night; as nocturnal, expedition or assault; a nocturnal visit.

3. Nightly; done or being every night.

From gilded roofs depending lamps display

Nocturnal beams, that emulate the day.

Dryden.

Nocturnal

NOCTURN'AL, noun An instrument, chiefly used at sea to take the altitude of stars about the pole, in order to ascertain the latitude. This may be a hemisphere, or a planisphere on the plane of the equinoctial.

Encyc.

Nocument

NOC'UMENT, noun [Latin nocumentum, from noceo, to hurt.] Harm. [Not used.]

Nod

NOD, verb intransitive [Latin nuto; Greek, contracted; Welsh amnaid, a nod; amneidiaw, to nod, to beckon, from naid, a leap, a spring; neidiaw, to leap, to throb or beat, as the pulse; Arabic to nod, to shake; Hebrew

Chaldee Syriac to move, to shake, to wander. It coincides in elements with Latin nato, to swim. Class Nd. No. 3. 9. 10.]

1. To incline the head with a quick motion, either forward or sidewise, as persons nod in sleep.

2. To bend or incline with a quick motion; as nodding plumes.

The nodding verdure of its brow.

Thomson.

3. To be drowsy.

Your predecessors, contrary to other authors, never pleased their readers more than when they were nodding.

Addison.

4. To make a slight bow; also, to beckon with a nod.

Nod

NOD, verb transitive To incline or bend; to shake.

Shak.

Nod

NOD, noun A quick declination of the head.

A look or a nod only ought to correct them when they do amiss.

Locke.

2. A quick declination or inclination.

Like a drunken sailor on a mast, Ready with every nod to tumble down.

Shak.

3. A quick inclination of the head in drowsiness or sleep.

Locke.

4. A slight obeisance.

Shak.

5. A command; as in Latin numen, for nutamen.

Nodated

NO'DATED, adjective [Latin nodatus.] Knotted. A nodated hyperbola is one that by turning round crosses itself.

Nodation

NODA'TION, noun [Latin nodatio, from nado, to tie.]

The act of making a knot, or state of being knotted. [Little used.]

Nodden

NOD'DEN, adjective Bent; inclined. [Not in use.]

Thomson.

Nodder

NOD'DER, noun One who nods; a drowsy person.

Pope.

Nodding

NOD'DING, participle of the present tense Inclining the head with a short quick motion.

Noddle

NOD'DLE, noun [qu. Latin nodulus, a lump; or from nod.] The head; in contempt.

Come, master, I have a project in my noddle.

L'Estrange.

Noddy

NOD'DY, noun [qu. Greek.] A simpleton; a fool.

2. A fowl of the genus Sterna, very simple and easily taken.

3. A game at cards.

B. Johnson.

Node

NODE, noun [Latin nodus; knot; allied probably to knit, Saxon cnyttan.]

1. Properly, a knot; a knob; hence,

2. In surgery, a swelling of the periosteum, tendons or bones.

3. In astronomy, the point where the orbit of a planet intersects the ecliptic. These points are two, and that where a planet ascends northward above the plane of the ecliptic, is called the ascending node, or dragon's head; that where a planet descends to the south, is called the descending node, or dragon's tail.

Encyc.

4. In poetry, the knot, intrigue or plot of a piece, or the principal difficulty.

5. In dialing, a point or hole in the gnomon of a dial, by the shadow or light of which, either the hour of the day in dials without furniture, or the parallels of the sun's declination and his place in the ecliptic, &c. in dials with furniture, are shown.

Nodose

NODO'SE, adjective [Latin nodosus, from nodus, knot.]

Knotted; having knots or swelling joints.

Martyn.

Nodosity

NODOS'ITY, noun Knottiness.

Brown.

Nodous

NO'DOUS, adjective [Latin nodosus.] Knotty; full of knots.

Brown.

Nodular

NOD'ULAR, adjective Pertaining to or in the form of a nodule or knot.

Nodule

NOD'ULE, noun [Latin nodulus.] A little knot or lump.

Noduled

NOD'ULED, adjective Having little knots or lumps.

Darwin.

Nog

NOG, noun [abbrev. of noggen.] A little pot; also, ale.

Skinner. Swift.

Noggen

NOG'GEN, adjective Hard; rough; harsh. [Not used.]

King Charles.

Noggin

NOG'GIN, noun A small mug or wooden cup.

Nogging

NOG'GING, noun A partition of scantlings filled with bricks.

Mason.

Noiance

NOI'ANCE, noun [See Annoy.] Annoyance; trouble; mischief; inconvenience. [Not used.]

Shak.

Noie

NOIE, for annoy, or NOIER, for annoyer, or NOIOUS, troublesome, are not in use.

Tusser.

Noise

NOISE, n. noiz. [French noise, strife, squabble, dispute : Armoric noes. Class Ns. Arabic 11. Syriac 24. and Latin noxa, noxia. Class Ng. No. 23.]

1. Sound of any kind, or proceeding from any cause, as the sound made by the organs of speech, by the wings of an insect, the rushing of the wind, or the roaring of the sea, of cannon or thunder, a low sound, a high sound, &c.; a word of general signification.

2. Outcry; clamor; loud, importunate or continued talk expressive of boasting, complaint or quarreling. In quarreling, it expresses less than uproar.

What noise have we about transplantation of diseases and transfusion of blood?

Baker.

3. Frequent talk; much public conversation.

Socrates lived in Athens during the great plague which has made so much noise in all ages, and never caught the least infection.

Spectator.

Noise

NOISE, v. i. noiz. To sound loud.

Harm those terrors did me none, though noising loud.

Milton.

Noise

NOISE, v. t. noiz. To spread by rumor or report.

All these sayings were noised abroadÃ‚--Luke 1.

2. To disturb with noise. [Not authorized.]

Dryden.

Noised

NOIS'ED, pp. s as z. Spread by report; much talked of.

Noiseful

NOISEFUL, a. noiz'ful. Loud; clamorous; making much noise or talk.

Dryden.

Noiseless

NOISELESS, a. noiz'less. Making no noise or bustle; silent; as the noiseless foot of time.

Shak.

So noiseless would I live.

Dryden.

Noise-Maker

NOISE-MAKER, n. noiz'-maker. One who makes a clamor.

L'Esirange.

Noisily

NOISILY, adv. noiz'ily. With noise; with making a noise.

Noisiness

NOISINESS, n. noiz'iness. The state of being noisy; loudness of sound; clamorousness.

Noising

NOISING, ppr. noiz'ing. Spreading by report.

Noisome

NOISOME, a. noi'sum. [Norm. noisife; Italian nocivo, noioso. This word is formed with the Teutonic some, united with the Italian noiare, French nuire, nuisant, from the Latin noxa, noceo, to hurt. Class Ng.]

1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as noisome winds; noisome effluvia or miasmata; noisome pestilence.

Milton. Dryden.

2. Noxious; injurious.

3. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid.

Foul breath is noisome.

Shak.

Noisomely

NOI'SOMELY, adverb With a fetid stench; with an infectious steam.

Noisomeness

NOI'SOMENESS, noun Offensiveness to the smell; quality that disgusts.

South.

Noisy

NOISY, a. noiz'y. [from noise.] Making a loud sound.

2. Clamorous; turbulent; as the noisy crowd.

3. Full of noise.

O leave the noisy town.

Dryden.

Nolens volens, [Latin] unwilling or willing; whether he will or not.

Noli-Me-Tangere

NOLI-ME-TANGERE, noun [Latin touch me not.]

1. A plant of the genus Impatiens, called also balsamine; also, a plant of the genus Momordica, or male balsam apple, one species of which is called the wild or spurting cucumber.

Encyc.

2. Among physicians, an ulcer or cancer, a species of herpes.

Coxe.

Nolition

NOLI'TION, noun [Latin nolo, that is, ne volo, I will not.]

Unwillingness; opposed to volition. [Little used.]

Hale.

Noll

NOLL, noun [Saxon hnol, cnoll, Knoll.] The head; the noddle. [Not used.]

Nomad

NO'MAD, noun [Greek, living on pasturage, from, to distribute or disvide, to feed. This verb is connected with, Latin nemus, a wood, a place over-grown with trees, and also a pasture, the primary sense of which is probably to spring or shoot, for the verb signifies among other things, to leap, to dance, and may be allied to nimble. Cattle originally subsisted by browsing, as they still do in new settlements.]

One who leads a wandering life, and subsists by tending herds of cattle which graze on herbage of spontaneous growth. Such is the practice at this day in the central and northern parts of Asia, and the Numidians in Africa are supposed to have been so called from this practice.

Tooke. Encyc.

Nomadic

NOMAD'IC, adjective [Greek.] Pastoral; subsisting by the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pasturage; as the nomadic tribes of Asia.

Nomadize

NO'MADIZE, verb intransitive To wander with flocks and herds for the sake of finding pasturage; to subsist by the grazing of herds on herbage of natural growth.

The Vogules nomadize chiefly about the rivers Irtish, Oby, Kama and Volga.

Tooke.

Nomadizing

NO'MADIZING, participle of the present tense Leading a pastoral life and wandering or removing from place to place for the sake of finding pasture.

Nomancy

NO'MANCY, noun [Greek, Latin nomen, name, and, divination.]

The art of practice of divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form their names.

Dict.

Nombles

NOM'BLES, noun [French] The entrails of a deer.

Johnson.

Nombril

NOM'BRIL, noun [French the navel.] The center of an escutcheon.

Cyc.

Nome

NOME, noun [Greek.] A province or tract of country; an Egyptian government or division.

Maurice.

2. In the ancient Greek music, any melody determined by inviolable rules.

Cyc.

3. [Latin nomen.] In algebra, a quantity with a sign prefixed or added to it, by which it is connected with another quantity, upon which the whole becomes a binomial, trinomial, and the like.

Cyc.

4. [Greek, to eat.] In surgery, a phagedenic ulcer, or species of herpes.

Cyc.

Nomenclator

NOMENCLA'TOR, noun [Latin; French nomenclateur; Latin nomen, name, and calo, Greek, to call.]

1. A person who calls things or persons by their names. In Rome, candidates for office were attended each by a nomenclator, who informed the candidate of the names of the persons they met, and whose votes they wished to solicit.

Cyc.

2. In modern usage, a person who gives names to things, or who settles and adjusts the names of things in any art or science.

Nomenclatural

NOMENCLA'TURAL, noun A female nomenclator.

Addison.

Nomenclatural

NO'MENCLA'TURAL, adjective Pertaining or according to a nomenclature.

Barton.

Nomenclature

NO'MENCLATURE, noun [Latin nomenclatura. See Nomenclator.]

1. A list or catalogue of the more usual and important words in a language, with their significations; a vocabulary or dictionary.

2. The names of things in any art or science, or the whole vocabulary of names or technical terms which are appropriated to any particular branch of science; as the nomenclature of botany or of chimistry; the new nomenclature of Lavoisier and his associates.

Nomial

NO'MIAL, noun [from Latin nomen, name.] A single name or term in mathematics.

Nominal

NOM'INAL, adjective [Latin nominalis, from nomen. See Name.]

1. Titular; existing in name only; as, a nominal distinction or difference is a difference in name and not in reality.

2. Pertaining to a name or names; consisting in names.

Nominal

NOM'INAL, or NOM'INALIST, noun The Nominalists were a sect of school philosophers, the disciples of Ocham or Occam, in the 14th century, who maintained that words and not things are the object of dialectics. They were the founders of the university of Leipsic.

Encyc.

Nominalize

NOM'INALIZE, verb transitive To convert into a noun. [Not in use and ill formed.]

Nominally

NOM'INALLY, adverb By name or in name only.

Nominate

NOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin nomino, from nomen, name. See Name.]

1. To name; to mention by name.

Wotton.

2. To call; to entitle; to denominate.

Spenser.

3. To name or designate by name for an office or place; to appoint; as, to nominate an heir or an executor.

Locke.

4. Usually, to name for an election, choice or appointment; to propose by name, or offer the name of a person as a candidate for an office or place. This is the principal use of the word in the United States; as in a public assembly, where men are to be selected and chosen to office, any member of the assembly or meeting nominates, that is, proposes to the chairman the name of a person whom he desires to have elected.

Nominated

NOM'INATED, participle passive Named; mentioned by name; designated or proposed for an office or for election.

Nominately

NOM'INATELY, adverb By name; particularly.

Spelman.

Nominating

NOM'INATING, participle of the present tense Naming; proposing for an office or for choice by name.

Nomination

NOMINA'TION, noun The act of naming or of nominating; the act of proposing by name for an office.

2. The power of nominating or appointing to office.

The nomination of persons to places being a prerogative of the kingÃ‚--

Clarendon.

3. The state of being nominated. AB is in nomination for governor.

Nominative

NOM'INATIVE, adjective Pertaining to the name which precedes a verb, or to the first case of nouns; as the nominative case or nominative word.

Nominative

NOM'INATIVE, noun In grammar, the first case of names or nouns and of adjectives which are declinable.

Nominator

NOM'INATOR, noun One that nominates.

Nominee

NOMINEE', noun In law, the person who is named to receive a copy-hold estate on surrender of it to the lord; the cestuy que use, sometimes called the surrenderee.

Blackstone.

2. A person named or designated by another.

Paley.

3. A person on whose life depends an annuity.

Nomothetic

NOMOTHET'IC, or NOMOTHET'ICAL, adjective [Greek] Legislative; enacting laws.

Bp. Barlow.

Non

NON, adverb [Latin] Not. This word is used in the English language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to words; as in non-residence, non-performance, non-existence, non-payment, non-concurrence, non-admission, non-appearance, non-attendance, non-conformity, non-compliance, non-communion, and the like.

Non-Ability

NON-ABIL'ITY, noun A want of ability; in law, an exception taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is unable legally to commence a suit.

Nonage

NON'AGE, noun [non, not, and age.] Minority; the time of life before a person, according to the laws of his country, becomes of age to manage his own concerns. Legal maturity of age is different in different countries. In this country, as in Great Britain, a man's nonage continues till he has completed twenty one years.

Nonage is sometimes the period under 14 years of age, as in case of marriage.

Bailey. Encyc.

Nonagesimal

NONAGES'IMAL, adjective [Latin nonagesimus, ninetieth.]

Noting the 90th degree of the ecliptic; being in the highest point of the ecliptic.

Nonagon

NON'AGON, noun [Latin nonus, nine, and Greek, an angle.]

A figure having nine sides and nine angles.

Bailey.

Non-Appearance

NON-APPE'ARANCE, noun Default of appearance, as in court, to prosecute or defend.

Non-Appointment

NON-APPOINT'MENT, noun Neglect of appointment.

Franklin.

Non-Attendance

NON-ATTEND'ANCE, noun A failure to attend; omission of attendance.

Non-Attention

NON-ATTEN'TION, noun Inattention.

Swift.

Non-Bituminous

NON-BITU'MINOUS, adjective Containing no bitumen.

Journ. of Science.

Nonce

NONCE, noun Purpose; intent; design. [Not in use.]

Spenser. B. Jonson.

Non-Claim

NON'-CLAIM, noun A failure to make claim within the time limited by law; omission of claim.

Bailey.

Non-Communion

NON-COMMU'NION, noun Neglect or failure of communion.

B. Trumbull.

Non-Compliance

NON-COMPLI'ANCE, noun Neglect or failure of compliance.

Non-Complying

NON-COMPLY'ING, adjective Neglecting or refusing to comply.

Hamilton.

Non compos mentis, or non compos, [Latin] not of sound mind; not having the regular use of reason; as a noun, an idiot; a lunatic; one devoid of reason, either by nature or by accident.

Non-Conducting

NON-CONDUCT'ING, adjective Not conducting; not transmitting another fluid. Thus in electricity, wax is a non-conducting substance.

Non-Conduction

NON-CONDUCTION, noun A non-conducting.

Ure.

Non-Conductor

NON-CONDUCT'OR, noun A substance which does not conduct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which transmits it with difficulty. Thus wool is a non-conductor of heat; glass and dry wood are non-conductors of the electrical fluid.

Non-Conformist

NON-CONFORM'IST, noun One who neglects or refuses to conform to the rites and mode of worship of an established church.

Blackstone. Swift.

Non-Conformity

NON-CONFORM'ITY, noun Neglect or failure of conformity.

2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an established church in its rites and mode of worship.

Blackstone.

Non-Contagious

NON-CONTA'GIOUS, adjective Not contagious.

Non-Contagiousness

NON-CONTA'GIOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being not communicable from a diseased to a healthy body.

Non-Cotemporaneous

NON-COTEMPORA'NEOUS, adjective Not being contemporary, or not of cotemporary origin.

Journ. of Science.

Non-Descript

NON-DESCRIPT', adjective [Latin non, not, and descriptus, described.] That has not been described.

Non-Descript

NON-DESCRIPT', noun Any thing that has not been described. Thus a plant or animal newly discovered is called a non-descript.

None

NONE, adjective [Saxon nan; ne, not, and ane, one. The Latins use nemo, neminis, that is, ne and man.]

1. Not one; used of persons or things.

There is none that doeth good; no, not one. Psalm 14.

2. Not any; not a part; not the least portion.

Six days shall ye gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none. Exodus 16.

3. It was formerly used before nouns; as, "thou shalt have none assurance of thy life." This use is obsolete; we now use no; thou shalt have no assurance. "This is none other but the house of God;" we now say, no other.

4. It is used as a substitute, the noun being omitted. "He walketh through dry places, seeking rest and finding none;" that is, no rest. Matthew 12.

5. In the following phrase, it is used for nothing, or no concern. "Israel would none of me," that is, Israel would not listen to me at all; they would have no concern with me; they utterly rejected my counsels.

6. As a substitute, none has a plural signification.

Terms of peace were none vouchsafed.

Milton.

Non-Elect

NON-ELECT', noun [Latin non, not, and electus, elected.]

One who is not elected or chosen to salvation.

Huntington.

Non-Electric

NON-ELECTRIC, adjective Conducting the electric fluid.

Non-Electric

NON-ELECTRIC, noun A substance that is not an electric, or which transmits the fluid; as metals.

Non-Emphatic

NON-EMPHAT'IC, or NON-EMPHAT'ICAL, adjective Having no emphasis; unemphatic.

Beattie.

Non-Entity

NON-EN'TITY, noun Non-existence; the negation of being.

Bentley.

2. A thing not existing.

There was no such thing as rendering evil for evil, when evil was a non-entity.

South.

Non-Episcopal

NON-EPIS'COPAL, adjective Not episcopal; not of the episcopal church or denomination.

J. M. Mason.

Non-Episcopalian

NON-EPISCOPA'LIAN, noun One who does not belong to the episcopal church or denomination.

J. M. Mason.

Nones

NONES, n. plu. [Latin nonoe; perhaps Gothic niun, nine.]

1. In the Roman calendar, the fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, August, September, November and December, and the seventh day of March, May, July and October. The nones were nine days from the ides.

2. Prayers, formerly so called.

Todd.

Non-Essential

NON-ESSEN'TIAL, noun Non-essentials are things not essential to a particular purpose.

J. M. Mason.

Nonesuch

NO'NESUCH, noun [none and such.] An extraordinary thing; a thing that has not its equal.

2. A plant of the genus Lychnis.

Lee.

Non-Execution

NON-EXECU'TION, noun Neglect of execution; non-performance.

Non-Existence

NON-EXIST'ENCE, noun Absence of existence; the negation of being.

2. A thing that has no existence or being.

Brown.

Non-Exportation

NON-EXPORTA'TION, noun A failure of exportation; a not exporting goods or commodities.

Nonillion

NONIL'LION, noun [Latin nonus, nine, and million.] The number of nine million millions.

Non-Importation

NON-IMPORTA'TION, noun Want or failure of importation; a not importing goods.

Non-Juring

NON-JU'RING, adjective [Latin non, not, and juro, to swear.]

Not swearing allegiance; an epithet applied to the party in Great Britain that would not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian family and government.

Non-Juror

NON-JU'ROR, noun In Great Britain, one who refused to take the oath of allegiance to the government and crown of England at the revolution, when James II. abdicated the throne, and the Hanoverian family was introduced. The non-jurors were the adherents of James.

Non-Manufacturing

NON-MANUFAC'TURING, adjective Not carrying on manufactures; as non-manufacturing states.

Hamilton.

Non-Metallic

NON-METAL'LIC, adjective Not consisting of metal.

Coxe's Orfila.

Non-Naturals

NON-NAT'URALS, noun In medicine, things which, by the abuse of them, become the causes of disease, as meat, drink, sleep, rest, motion, the passions, retentions, excretions, &c.

Functions or accidents not strictly belonging to man.

Parr.

Non-Observance

NON-OBSERV'ANCE, noun Neglect or failure to observe or fulfill.

Non obstante, [Latin notwithstanding,] a clause in statutes and letters patent, importing a license from the king to do a thing which at common law might be lawfully done, but being restrained by act of parliament, cannot be done without such license.

Encyc.

Nonpareil

NONPAREIL, n. nonparel'. [French non, not or no, and pareil, equal.]

1. Excellence unequaled.

Shak.

2. A sort of apple.

3. A sort of printing type very small, and the smallest now used except three.

Nonpareil

NONPAREIL, a. nonparel'. Having no equal; peerless.

Whitlock.

Non-Payment

NON-PA'YMENT, noun Neglect of payment.

S. E. Dwight.

Nonplus

NON'PLUS, noun [Latin non, not, and plus, more, further.]

Puzzle; insuperable difficulty; a state in which one is unable to proceed or decide.

Locke. South.

Nonplus

NON'PLUS, verb transitive To puzzle; to confound; to put to a stand; to stop by embarrassment.

Dryden.

Your situation has nonplussed me.

Th. Scott.

Non-Ponderosity

NON-PONDEROS'ITY, noun Destitution of weight; levity.

Black.

Non-Ponderous

NON-PON'DEROUS, adjective Having no weight.

Non-Production

NON-PRODUC'TION, noun A failure to produce or exhibit.

Non-Proficiency

NON-PROFI'CIENCY, noun Failure to make progress.

Non-Proficient

NON-PROFI'CIENT, noun One who has failed to improve or make progress in any study or pursuit.

Bp. Hall.

Non Pros. contraction of nolle prosequi, the plaintiff will not prosecute. It is used also as a verb.

Non-Regardance

NON-REG`ARDANCE, noun Want of due regard.

Dict.

Non-Rendition

NON-RENDI'TION, noun Neglect of rendition; the not rendering what is due.

The non-payment of a debt, or the non-

rendition of a service which is due, is an injury for which the subsequent reparation of the loss sustainedÃ‚--is an atonement.

S. E. Dwight.

Non-Resemblance

NON-RESEM'BLANCE, n. s as z. Unlikeness; dissimilarity.

Non-Residence

NON-RES'IDENCE, n. s as z. Failure or neglect of residing at the place where one is stationed, or where official duties require one to reside, or on one's own lands.

Swift.

Non-Resident

NON-RES'IDENT, adjective Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place; as a non-resident clergyman or proprietor of lands.

Non-Resident

NON-RES'IDENT, noun One who does not reside on one's own lands, or in the place where official duties require. In the United States, lands in one state or township belonging to a person residing in another state or township, are called the lands of non-residents.

Non-Resistance

NON-RESIST'ANCE, n. s as z. The omission of resistance; passive obedience; submission to authority, power or usurpation without opposition.

Non-Resistant

NON-RESIST'ANT, adjective Making no resistance to power or oppression.

Arbuthnot.

Non-Sane

NON-SA'NE, adjective [Latin non, not, and sanus, sound.]

Unsound; not perfect; as a person of nonsane memory.

Blackstone.

Nonsense

NON'SENSE, noun No sense; words or language which have no meaning, or which convey no just ideas; absurdity.

Dryden.

2. Trifles; things of no importance.

Thomson.

Nonsensical

NONSENS'ICAL, adjective Unmeaning; absurd; foolish.

Ray.

Nonsensically

NONSENS'ICALLY, adverb Absurdly; without meaning.

Nonsensicalness

NONSENS'ICALNESS, noun Jargon; absurdity; that which conveys no proper ideas.

Nonsensitive

NONSENS'ITIVE, adjective Wanting sense or perception.

Feltham.

Non-Solution

NON-SOLU'TION, noun Failure of solution or explanation.

Broome.

Non-Solvency

NON-SOLV'ENCY, noun Inability to pay debts.

Swift.

Non-Solvent

NON-SOLV'ENT, adjective Not able to pay debts; insolvent.

Johnson.

Non-Sparing

NON-SPA'RING, adjective Sparing none; alldestroying; merciless.

Shak.

Nonsuch

NONSUCH. [See Nonesuch.]

Nonsuit

NON'SUIT, noun In law, the default, neglect or non-appearance of the plaintiff in a suit, when called in court, by which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the suit. Hence a nonsuit amounts to a stoppage of the suit. A nonsuit differs from a retraxit; a nonsuit is the default or neglect of the plaintiff, and after this he may bring another suit for the same cause; but a retraxit is an open positive renunciation of the suit, by which he forever loses his action. [See the Verb.]

Blackstone.

Nonsut

NON'SUT, verb transitive To determine or record that the plaintiff drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in court. When a plaintiff being called in court, declines to answer, or when he neglects to deliver his declaration, he is supposed to drop his suit; he is therefore nonsuited, that is, his non-appearance is entered on the record, and this entry amounts to a judgment of the court that the plaintiff has dropped the suit.

When two are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuitedÃ‚--

Z. Swift.

Nonsuit

NON'SUIT, adjective Nonsuited.

The plaintiff must become nonsuit.

Tyng's Rep.

Nonsuited

NON'SUITED, participle passive Adjudged to have deserted the suit by default of appearance; as a plaintiff.

Nonsuiting

NON'SUITING, participle of the present tense Adjudging to have abandoned the suit by non-appearance or other neglect; as a plaintiff.

Non-Usance

NON-USANCE, n. non-yu'zance. Neglect of use.

Brown.

Non-User

NON-USER, n. non-yu'zer. A not using; failure to use; neglect of official duty; default of performing the duties and services required of an officer.

An office may be forfeited by misuser or non-user.

Blackstone.

2. Neglect or omission of use.

A franchise may be lost by misuser or non-user.

Supreme Court, U. S.

Noodle

NOO'DLE, noun A simpleton. [A vulgar word.]

Nook

NOOK, noun [See Nich.] A corner; a narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; as a hollow nook.

Milton.

Noon

NOON, noun [Saxon non; Dutch noen; Welsh nawn, that is at the summit; said to be from naw, that is up or ultimate, that limits, also nine. It has been supposed that the ninth hour, among the Romans, was the time of eating the chief meal; this hour was three o'clock, P. M. In Danish, none is an afternooning, a collation.]

1. The middle of the day; the time when the sun is in the meridian; twelve o'clock.

2. Dryden used the word for midnight. "At the noon of night."

Noon

NOON, adjective Meridional.

How of the noon bell.

Young.

Noonday

NOON'DAY, noun Mid-day; twelve o'clock in the day.

Boyle.

Noonday

NOON'DAY, adjective Pertaining to mid-day; meridional; as the noonday heat.

Nooning

NOON'ING, noun Repose at noon; sometimes, repast at noon.

Addison.

Noonstead

NOON'STEAD, noun The station of the sun at noon.

Drayton.

Noontide

NOON'TIDE, noun [See Tide, which signifies time.]

The time of noon; mid-day.

Shak.

Noontide

NOON'TIDE, adjective Pertaining to noon; meridional.

Milton.

Noose

NOOSE, n. nooz. [Irish nas, a band or tie; nasgaim, to bind or tie.]

A running knot, which binds the closer the more it is drawn.

Where the hangman does dispose

To special friend the knot of noose.

Hudibras.

Noose

NOOSE, v. t. nooz. To tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to ensnare.

Nopal

NO'PAL, noun A plant of the genus Cactus, from which the cochineal is collected in Mexico; Indian fig or raquette. The fruit resembles a fig.

Encyc.

Nope

NOPE, noun A provincial name for the bullfinch or red tail.

Dict.

Nor

NOR, connective. [ne and or.] A word that denies or renders negative the second or subsequent part of a proposition, or a proposition following another negative proposition; correlative to neither or not.

I neither love nor fear thee.

Shak.

Fight neither with small nor great. 1 Kings 22.

Eye hath not seen, nor ear heardÃ‚-- 1 Corinthians 2.

2. Nor sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition has preceded it in the foregoing sentence.

3. In some cases, usually in poetry, neither is omitted, and the negation which it would express is included in nor.

Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there.

Dryden.

That is, neither Simois nor Xanthus.

4. Sometimes in poetry, nor is used for neither, in the first part of the proposition.

I whom nor avarice nor pleasures move.

Walsh.

Normal

NOR'MAL, adjective [Latin normalis, from norma, a square, a rule.]

1. According to a square or rule; perpendicular; forming a right angle.

2. According to a rule or principle.

3. Relating to rudiments or elements; teaching rudiments or first principles; as normal schools in France.

Norman

NOR'MAN, noun In seamen's language, a short wooden bar to be thrust into a hole of the windlass, on which to fasten the cable.

Mar. Dict.

Norman

NOR'MAN, noun [north-man or nord-man.]

A Norwegian, or a native of Normandy.

Norman

NOR'MAN, adjective Pertaining to Normandy; as the Norman language.

Norroy

NOR'ROY, noun [north and roy, north king.]

The title of the third of the three kings at arms or provincial heralds.

Burke.

North

NORTH, noun [Saxon north; German Swedish Danish nord; Dutch noord; Italian norte; French nord; Armoric id.; Spanish nord, the north wind, and norte, north, the arctic pole, and a rule or guide. I know not the origin of this word, nor its primary sense. It may have been applied first to the pole star, or to the wind, like Boreas.]

One of the cardinal points, being that point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun in the meridian, on the left hand when we stand with the face to the east; or it is that point of intersection of the horizon and meridian which is nearest our pole.

Cyc.

North

NORTH, adjective Being in the north; as the north polar star.

Northeast

NORTHE'AST, noun The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from each.

Northeast

NORTHE'AST, adjective Pertaining to the northeast, or proceeding from that point; as a northeast wind.

Northerly

NORTH'ERLY, adjective Being towards the north, or nearer towards the north than to any other cardinal point. [We use this word and northern with considerable latitude.]

Northerly

NORTH'ERLY, adverb Towards the north; as, to sail northerly.

2. In a northern direction; as a northerly course.

3. Proceeding from a northern point.

Northern

NORTH'ERN, adjective Being in the north, or nearer to that point than to the east or west.

2. In a direction towards the north, or a point near it; as, to steer a northern course.

Northernly

NORTH'ERNLY, adverb Toward the north. [Not used.]

Hakewill.

Northing

NORTH'ING, noun The motion or distance of a planet from the equator northward.

As the tides of the sea obey the southing and northing of the seaÃ‚--

Darwin.

2. Course or distance northward of the equator.

North-Star

NORTH'-STAR, noun The north polar star.

Northward

NORTH'WARD, adjective [Saxon north and weard.]

Being towards the north, or nearer to the north than to the east and west points.

Northward

NORTH'WARD, adverb Towards the north, or towards a point nearer to the north than the east and west points.

Bacon. Dryden.

Northwest

NORTHWEST', noun The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each.

Northwest

NORTHWEST', adjective Pertaining to the point between the north and west; being in the northwest; as the northwest coast.

2. Proceeding from the northwest; as a northwest wind.

Northwestern

NORTHWEST'ERN, adjective Pertaining to or being in the northwest, or in a direction to the northwest; as a northwestern course.

North-Wind

NORTH'-WIND, noun The wind that blows from the north.

Watts.

Norwegian

NORWE'GIAN, adjective Belonging to Norway.

Norwegian

NORWE'GIAN, noun A native of Norway.

Nose

NOSE, n. s as z. [Saxon nose, noese, nase; German nase; Dutch neus; Swedish n?sa; Danish noese; Latin nasus; Italian naso; French nez; Russian nos; Dalmatian, nooss; Sanscrit nasa. Qu. Greek, an isle. It occurs in Peloponnesus, the promontory of Pelops. It seems to be the same word, or from the same root as ness, in Sheerness.]

1. The prominent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consisting of two similar cavities called nostrils. The nose serves also to modulate the voice in speaking, and to discharge the tears which flow through the lachrymal ducts. Through this organ also the air usually passes in respiration, and it constitutes no small part of the beauty of the face. In man, the nose is situated near the middle of the face; but in quadrupeds, the nose is at or near the lower extremity of the head.

2. The end of any thing; as the nose of a bellows.

Holder.

3. Scent; sagacity.

We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master.

Collier.

To lead by the nose, to lead blindly.

To be led by the nose, to follow another obsequiously, or to be led without resistance or enquiring the reason.

To thrust one's nose into the affairs of others, to meddle officiously in other people's matters; to be a busy-body.

To put one's nose out of joint, to alienate the affections from another.

Nose

NOSE, verb transitive To smell; to scent.

Shak.

2. To face; to oppose to the face.

Wood.

Nose

NOSE, verb intransitive To look big; to bluster. [Not used.]

Shak.

Nosebleed

NO'SEBLEED, noun A hemorrhage or bleeding at the nose.

2. A plant of the genus Achillea.

Nosed

NO'SED, adjective Having a nose; as in long-nosed.

2. Having sagacity.

Middleton.

Nose-Fish

NO'SE-FISH, noun A fish of the lethermouthed kind, with a flat blunt snout; called also broad-snout.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Nosegay

NO'SEGAY, noun [nose and Celtic geac, a bough.]

A bunch of flowers used to regale the sense of smelling.

As on the nosegay in her breast reclined.

Pope.

Noseless

NO'SELESS, adjective Destitute of a nose.

Shak.

Nose-Smart

NO'SE-SMART, noun A plant, nasturtium; cresses.

Nosethril

NOSETHRIL. [See Nostril.]

Nosle

NOS'LE, noun [from nose.] A little nose; the extremity of a thing; as the nosle of a bellows. [See Nozzle.]

Nosological

NOSOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Nosology.] Pertaining to nosology, or a systematic classification of diseases.

Nosologist

NOSOL'OGIST, noun One who classifies diseases, arranges them in order and gives them suitable names.

Nosology

NOSOL'OGY, noun [Greek, disease, and, discourse.]

1. A treatise on diseases, or a systematic arrangement or classification of diseases with names and definitions, according to the distinctive character of each class, order, genus and species.

Encyc.

2. That branch of medical science which treats of the classification of diseases.

Nosopoetic

NOSOPOET'IC, adjective [Greek, disease, and, to produce.] Producing diseases. [Little used.]

Arbuthnot.

Nostril

NOS'TRIL, noun [Saxon nosethyrl, noesethyrl. Thyrl or thirel is an opening or perforation; thirlian, thyrlian, to bore, to perforate, to thrill, to drill. See Drill.]

An aperture or passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration.

Nostrum

NOS'TRUM, noun [Latin from noster, ours.] A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor.

Pope.

Not

NOT, adverb [Saxon naht or noht, naught, that is, ne and awiht, not any thing; Dutch niet; German nicht; Russian niete; Scot. nocht. See Naught.]

1. A word that expresses negation, denial or refusal; as, he will not go; will you remain? I will not. In the first member of a sentence, it may be followed by nor or neither; as not for a price nor reward; I was not in safety, neither had I rest.

2. With the substantive verb in the following phrase, it denies being, or denotes extinction of existence.

Thine eyes are open upon me, and I am not. Job 7.

Notable

NOT'ABLE, adjective [French notable; Latin notabilis, from notus, known; nosco, to know.]

1. Remarkable; worthy of notice; memorable; observable; distinguished or noted.

They bore two or three charges from the horse with notable courage.

Clarendon.

Two young men of notable strength. 2 Macc.

2. Active; industrious; careful; as a notable woman.

[In both senses, this word is obsolete in elegant style, or used only in irony. The second sense is in colloquial use in New England.]

3. In Scripture, conspicuous; sightly; as a notable horn. Danish viii.

4. Notorious. Matthew 27.

5. Terrible. Acts 2.

6. Known or apparent. Acts 4.

Notable

NOT'ABLE, noun In France, the nobles or persons of rank and distinction were formerly called notables.

2. A thing worthy of observation.

Addison.

Notableness

NOT'ABLENESS, noun Activity; industriousness; care. [Little used.]

2. Remarkableness.

Notably

NOT'ABLY, adverb Memorably; remarkably; eminently.

Bacon.

2. With show of consequence or importance.

Addison.

Notarial

NOTA'RIAL, adjective [from notary.] Pertaining to a notary; as a notarial seal; notarial evidence or attestation.

2. Done or taken by a notary.

Notary

NO'TARY, noun [Latin notarius, from notus, known, from nosco.]

1. Primarily, a person employed to take notes of contracts, trials and proceedings in courts among the Romans.

2. In modern usage, an officer authorized to attest contracts or writings of any kind, to give them the evidence of authenticity. This officer is often styled notary public.

Notation

NOTA'TION, noun [Latin notatio, from noto, to mark.]

1. The act or practice of recording any thing by marks, figures or characters; particularly in arithmetic and algebra, the expressing of numbers and quantities by figures, signs or characters appropriate for the purpose.

2. Meaning; signification.

Conscience, according to the very notation of the word, imports a double knowledge. [Unusual.]

South.

Notch

NOTCH, noun [qu. German knicken, to crack or flaw, Danish knikker. It seems to be the same word in origin as niche, nick. Class Ng. No. 49.]

1. A hollow cut in any thing; a nick; an indentation.

And on the stick ten equal notches makes.

Swift.

2. An opening or narrow passage through a mountain or hill. We say, the notch of a mountain.

U. States.

Notch

NOTCH, verb transitive To cut in small hollows; as, to notch a stick.

Pope.

Notch-Weed

NOTCH'-WEED, noun A plant called orach.

Johnson.

Note

NOTE, for ne wote, knew not or could not.

Chaucer. Spenser.

Note

NOTE, noun [Latin nota; French note; Welsh nod; from Latin notus, nosco, to know.]

1. A mark or token; something by which a thing may be known; a visible sign.

They who appertain to the visible church have all the notes of external profession.

Hooker.

2. A mark made in a book, indicating something worthy of particular notice.

3. A short remark; a passage or explanation in the margin of a book.

4. A minute, memorandum or short writing intended to assist the memory.

5. Notice; heed.

Give order to my servants that they take No note at all of our being absent hence.

Shak.

6. Reputation; consequence; distinction; as men of note. Acts 16.

7. State of being observed.

Small matters, continually in use and note. [Little used.]

Bacon.

8. In music, a character which marks a sound, or the sound itself; as a semibreve, a minim, &c. Notes are marks of sounds in relation to elevation or depression, or to the time of continuing sounds.

9. Tune; voice; harmonious or melodious sounds.

The wakeful bird tunes her nocturnal note.

Milton.

One common note on either lyre did strike.

Dryden.

10. Abbreviation; symbol.

Baker.

11. A short letter; a billet.

Dryden.

12. Annotation; commentary; as the notes in Scott's Bible; to write notes on Homer.

13. A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt and promising payment; as a promissory note; a bank-note; a note of hand; a negotiable note.

14. Notes, plu. a writing; a written discourse; applied equally to minutes or heads of a discourse or argument, or to a discourse fully written. The advocate often has notes to assist his memory, and clergymen preach with notes or without them.

15. A diplomatic communication in writing; an official paper sent from one minister or envoy to another.

My note of January 10th still remains unanswered.

Gallatin.

Note

NOTE, verb transitive [Latin noto.] To observe; to notice with particular care; to heed; to attend to.

No more of that; I have noted it well.

Shak.

Their manners noted and their states survey'd.

Pope.

2. To set down in writing.

Note it in a book. Isaiah 30.

3. To charge, as with a crime; with of or for.

They were both noted of incontinency. Obs.

Dryden.

Note

NOTE, verb transitive [Saxon hnitan.] To butt; to push with the horns. [Not used.]

Ray.

Note-Book

NO'TE-BOOK, noun A book in which memorandums are written.

Shak.

2. A book in which notes of hand are registered.

Noted

NO'TED, participle passive Set down in writing.

2. Observed; noticed.

3. adjective Remarkable; much known by reputation or report; eminent; celebrated; as a noted author; a noted commander; a noted traveler.

Notedly

NO'TEDLY, adverb With observation or notice.

Shak.

Notedness

NO'TEDNESS, noun Conspicuousness; eminence; celebrity.

Boyle.

Noteless

NO'TELESS, adjective Not attracting notice; not conspicuous.

Decker.

Noter

NO'TER, noun One who takes notice; an annotator.

Gregory.

Noteworthy

NO'TEWORTHY, adjective Worthy of observation or notice.

Shak.

Nothing

NOTH'ING, noun [no and thing.] Not any thing; not any being or existence; a word that denies the existence of any thing; non-entity; opposed to something. The world was created from nothing.

2. Non-existence; a state of annihilation.

Shak.

3. Not any thing; not any particular thing, deed or event. Nothing was done to redeem our character. He thought nothing done, while any thing remained to be done.

A determination to choose nothing is a determination not to choose the truth.

J. M. Mason.

4. No other thing.

Nothing but this will entitle you to God's acceptance.

Wake.

5. No part, portion, quantity or degree. The troops manifested nothing of irresolution in the attack.

Yet had his aspect nothing of severe.

Dryden.

6. No importance; no value; no use.

Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of naught. Isaiah 41.

7. No possession of estate; a low condition.

A man that from very nothing is grown to an unspeakable estate.

Shak.

8. A thing of no proportion to something, or of trifling value or advantage.

The charge of making the ground, and otherwise, is great, but nothing to the profit.

Bacon.

9. A trifle; a thing of no consideration or importance.

'Tis nothing, says the fool; but says the friend,

This nothing, sir, will bring you to your end.

Dryden.

To make nothing of, to make no difficulty or to consider as trifling, light or unimportant.

We are industrious to preserve our bodies from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering our souls to be slaves to our lusts.

Ray.

Nothing

NOTH'ING, adverb In no degree; not at all.

Adam, with such counsel nothing sway'dÃ‚--

Milton.

In the phrase, nothing worth, the words are transposed; the natural order being, worth nothing.

Nothingness

NOTH'INGNESS, noun Nihility; non-existence.

Donne.

2. Nothing; a thing of no value.

Hudibras.

Notice

NO'TICE, noun [French from Latin notitia, from noto or notus.]

1. Observation by the eye or by the other senses. We take notice of objects passing or standing before us; we take notice of the words of a speaker; we take notice of a peculiar taste of food, or of the smell of an orange, and of our peculiar sensations. Notice then is the act by which we gain knowledge of something within the reach of the senses, or the effect of an impression on some of the senses.

2. Observation by the mind or intellectual power; as, to take notice of a distinction between truth and veracity.

3. Information; intelligence by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or received; as, I received notice by a messenger or by letter. He gave notice of his arrival. The bell gives notice of the hour of the day. The merchant gives notice that a bill of exchange is not accepted.

4. A paper that communicates information.

5. Attention; respectful treatment; civility.

6. Remark; observation.

Notice

NO'TICE, verb transitive To observe; to see. We noticed the conduct of the speaker; we noticed no improper conduct.

2. To heed; to regard. His conduct was rude, but I did not notice it.

3. To remark; to mention or make observations on.

This plant deserves to be noticed in this place.

Tooke.

Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion last discussed.

Hamilton.

4. To treat with attention and civilities; as, to notice strangers.

5. To observe intellectually.

Noticeable

NO'TICEABLE, adjective That may be observed; worthy of observation.

Noticed

NO'TICED, participle passive Observed; seen; remarked; treated with attention.

Noticing

NO'TICING, participle of the present tense Observing; seeing; regarding; remarking on; treating with attention.

Notification

NOTIFICA'TION, noun [See Notify.] The act of notifying or giving notice; the act of making known, particularly the act of giving official notice or information to the public, or to individuals, corporations, companies or societies, by words, by writing or by other means.

2. Notice given in words or writing, or by signs.

3. The writing which communicates information; an advertisement, citation, &c.

Notified

NO'TIFIED, participle passive Made known; applied to things. This design of the king was notified to the court of Berlin.

2. Informed by words, writing or other means; applied to persons. The inhabitants of the city have been notified that a meeting is to be held at the State House.

Notify

NO'TIFY, verb transitive [French notifier; Italian notificare; Latin notus, known, and facio, to make.]

1. To make known; to declare; to publish. The laws of God notify to man his will and our duty.

2. To make known by private communication; to give information of. The allied sovereigns have notified the Spanish court of their purpose of maintaining legitimate government.

3. To give notice to; to inform by words or writing, in person or by message, or by any signs which are understood. The constable has notified the citizens to meet at the City Hall. The bell notifies us of the time of meeting.

The President of the United States has notified the House of Representatives, that he has approved and signed the act.

Journals of the Senate.

[Note. This application of notify has been condemned, but it is in constant good use in the U. States, and in perfect accordance with the use of certify.]

Notifying

NO'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Making known; giving notice to.

Notion

NO'TION, noun [French from Latin notio, from notus, known; nosco, to know.]

1. Conception; mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined. We may have a just notion of power, or false notions respecting spirit.

Notion and idea are primarily different; idea being the conception of something visible, as the idea of a square or a triangle; and notion the conception of things invisible or intellectual, as the notion we have of spirits. But from negligence in the use of idea, the two words are constantly confounded.

What hath been generally agreed on, I content myself to assume under the notion of principles.

Newton.

Few agree in their notions about these words.

Cheyne.

That notion of hunger, cold, sound, color, thought, wish or fear, which is in the mind, is called the idea of hunger, cold, &c.

Watts.

2. Sentiment; opinion; as the extravagant notions they entertain of themselves.

Addison.

3. Sense; understanding; intellectual power. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. Inclination; in vulgar use; as, I have a notion to do this or that.

Notional

NO'TIONAL, adjective Imaginary; ideal; existing in idea only; visionary; fantastical.

Notional good, by fancy only made.

Prior.

A notional and imaginary thing.

Bentley.

2. Dealing in imaginary things; whimsical; fanciful; as a notional man.

Notionality

NOTIONAL'ITY, noun Empty ungrounded opinion. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Notionally

NO'TIONALLY, adverb In mental apprehension; in conception; not in reality.

Two faculties notionally or really distinct.

Norris.

Notionist

NO'TIONIST, noun One who holds to an ungrounded opinion.

Bp. Hopkins.

Notoriety

NOTORI'ETY, noun [French notorietÃƒ-©, from notoire. See Notorious.]

1. Exposure to the public knowledge; the state of being publicly or generally known; as the notoriety of a crime.

2. Public knowledge.

They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public notoriety.

Addison.

Notorious

NOTO'RIOUS, adjective [Italian Spanish notorio; French notoire; from Low Latin notorius, from notus, known.]

1. Publicly known; manifest to the world; evident; usually, known to disadvantage; hence almost always used in an ill sense; as a notorious thief; a notorious crime or vice; a man notorious for lewdness or gaming.

2. In a good sense.

Your goodness,

Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious.

Shak.

Notoriously

NOTO'RIOUSLY, adverb Publicly; openly; in a manner to be known or manifest.

Swift. Dryden.

Notoriousness

NOTO'RIOUSNESS, noun The state of being open or known; notoriety.

Overbury.

Nott

NOTT, adjective [Saxon hnot.] Shorn. Obs.

Chaucer.

Nott

NOTT, verb transitive To shear. Obs.

Stowe.

Notus

NO'TUS, noun [Latin] The south wind.

Milton.

Notwheat

NOT'WHEAT, noun [Saxon hnot, smooth, shorn.] Wheat not bearded.

Carew.

Notwithstanding

NOTWITHSTAND'ING, the participle of withstand, with not prefixed, and signifying not opposing; nevertheless. It retains in all cases its participial signification. For example, "I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant; notwithstanding, in thy days I will not do it, for David thy father's sake." 1 Kings 11. In this passage there is an ellipsis of that, after notwithstanding. That refers to the former part of the sentence, I will rend the kingdom from thee; notwithstanding that (declaration or determination,) in thy days I will not do it. In this and in all cases, notwithstanding, either with or without that or this, constitutes the case absolute or independent.

"It is a rainy day, but notwithstanding that, the troops must be reviewed;" that is, the rainy day not opposing or preventing. That, in this case, is a substitute for the whole first clause of the sentence. It is to that clause what a relative is to an antecedent noun, and which may be used in the place of it; notwithstanding which, that is, the rainy day.

"Christ enjoined on his followers not to publish the cures he wrought; but notwithstanding his injunctions, they proclaimed them." Here, notwithstanding his injunctions, is the case independent or absolute; the injunctions of Christ not opposing or preventing.

This word answers precisely to the Latin non obstante, and both are used with nouns or with substitutes for nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences. So in the Latin phrase, hoc non obstante, hoc may refer to a single word, to a sentence or to a series of sentences.

Nought

NOUGHT. See Naught.

Noul

NOUL, noun [Saxon hnol.] The top of the head. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Nould

NOULD, ne would, would not.

Spenser.

Noun

NOUN, noun [altered from Latin nomen, name.]

In grammar, a name; that sound or combination of sounds by which a thing is called, whether material or immaterial. [See Name.]

Nourish

NOURISH, v. t. nur'ish. [French nourrir; Italian nutrire; Spanish Portugese nutrir; from Latin nutrio. The German nÃƒ-¤hren, Swedish n?ra, Danish noerer,to nourish, cannot be the same word unless they have lost a dental, which may perhaps be the fact.]

1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply a living or organized body, animal or vegetable, with matter which increases its bulk or supplies the waste occasioned by any of its functions; to supply with nutriment.

2. To support; to maintain by feeding. Genesis 47.

Whilst I in Ireland nourish a mighty band, I will stir up in England some black storm.

Shak.

3. To supply the means of support and increase; to encourage; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues.

What madness was it, with such proofs, to nourish their contentions!

Hooker.

4. To cherish; to comfort. James 5.

5. To educate; to instruct; to promote growth in attainments. 1 Timothy 4.

Nourish

NOURISH, verb intransitive nur'ish. To promote growth.

Grains and roots nourish more than leaves. [Elliptical.]

Bacon.

2. To gain nourishment. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

Nourishable

NOURISHABLE, adjective nur'ishable. Susceptible of nourishment; as the nourishable parts of the body.

Grew.

Nourished

NOURISHED, participle passive nur'ished. Fed; supplied with nutriment; caused to grow.

Nourisher

NOURISHER, noun nur'isher. The person or thing that nourishes.

Bacon. Milton.

Nourishing

NOURISHING, participle of the present tense nur'ishing. Feeding; supplying with aliment; supporting with food.

2. adjective Promoting growth; nutritious; as a nourishing diet.

Nourishment

NOURISHMENT, noun nur'ishment. That which serves to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair the waste of animal bodies; food; sustenance; nutriment.

Newton.

2. Nutrition; support of animal or vegetable bodies.

Blackmore.

3. Instruction, or that which promotes growth in attainments; as nourishment and growth in grace.

So they may learn to seek the nourishment of their souls.

Hooker.

Nouriture

NOURITURE. [See Nurture.]

Noursling

NOURSLING. [See Nursling.]

Novaculite

NOVAC'ULITE, noun [Latin novacula, a razor.]

Razor-stone; Turkey-hone; coticular shist; whet-slate, a variety of argillaceous slate.

Brogniart. Ure.

Novatian

NOVA'TIAN, noun In church history, one of the sect of Novatus or Novatianus, who held that the lapsed might not be received again into communion with the church, and that second marriages are unlawful.

Novatianism

NOVA'TIANISM, noun The opinions of the Novatians.

One Hypolitus, a Roman presbyter, had been seduced into Novatianism.

Milner.

Novation

NOVATION. [See Innovation.]

Novator

NOVATOR. [See Innovator.]

Novel

NOV'EL, adjective [Latin novellus, from novus, new; Italian novello; Spanish novel.]

1. New; of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; hence, unusual; as a novel heresy; novel opinions. The proceedings of the court were novel.

2. In the civil law, the novel constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors.

3. In the common law, the assize of novel disseizin is an action in which the demandant recites a complaint of the disseizin in terms of direct averment, whereupon the sheriff is commanded to reseize the land and chattels thereon, and keep the same in custody till the arrival of the justices of assize.

Blackstone.

Novel

NOV'EL, noun A new or supplemental constitution or decree. [See the Adjective.]

2. A fictitious tale or narrative in prose, intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love.

The coxcomb's novel and the drunkard's toast.

Prior.

Novelism

NOV'ELISM, noun Innovation. [Little used.]

Dering.

Novelist

NOV'ELIST, noun An innovator; an asserter of novelty.

Bacon. White.

2. A writer of a novel or of novels.

Warton.

3. A writer of news. [Not used.]

Tatler.

Novelize

NOV'ELIZE, verb intransitive To innovate. [Not in use.]

Novelty

NOV'ELTY, noun Newness; recentness of origin or introduction.

Hooker.

Novelty is the great parent of pleasure.

South.

November

NOVEM'BER, noun [Latin from novem, nine; the ninth month, according to the ancient

Roman year, beginning in March.] The eleventh month of the year.

Novenary

NO'VENARY, noun [Latin novenarius, from novem, nine.] The number nine; nine collectively.

Novenary

NOVENARY, adjective Pertaining to the number nine.

Novennial

NO'VEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin novem, nine, and annus, year.] Done every ninth year.

Potter.

Novercal

NOVER'CAL, adjective [Latin noverca, a step-mother.]

Pertaining to a step-mother; suitable to a step-mother; in the manner of a stepmother.

Derham.

Novice

NOV'ICE, noun [French from Latin novitius, from novus, new.]

1. One who is new in any business; one unacquainted or unskilled; one in the rudiments; a beginner.

I am young, a novice in the trade.

Dryden.

2. One that has entered a religious house, but has not taken the vow; a probationer.

Shak.

3. One newly planted in the church, or one newly converted to the christian faith. 1 Timothy 3.

Novitiate

NOVI'TIATE, noun [French noviciat; Italian noviziato. See Novice.]

1. The state or time of learning rudiments.

2. In religious houses, a year or other time of probation for the trial of a novice, to determine whether he has the necessary qualities for living up to the rule to which his vow is to bind him.

Novitious

NOVI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin novitius.] Newly invented. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Novity

NOV'ITY, noun [Latin novitas.] Newness. [Not used.]

Brown.

Now

NOW, adverb [Saxon Dutch Swedish Danish Gothic nu. The German has nun, Greek, Latin nunc.]

1. At the present time.

I have a patient now living at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago.

Arbuthnot.

2. A little while ago; very lately.

They that but now for honor and for plate, Made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate.

Waller.

3. At one time; at another time.

Now high, now low, now master up, now miss.

Pope.

4. Now sometimes expresses or implies a connection between the subsequent and preceding proposition; often it introduces an inference or an explanation of what precedes.

Not this man, but Barabbas; now Barabbas was a robber. John 18.

Then said Micah, now I know that the Lord will do me good, seeing I have a Levite for my priest. Judges 17.

The other great mischief which befalls men, is by their being misrepresented. Now by calling evil good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way of slanderÃ‚--

South.

5. After this; things being so.

How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of honor?

L'Estrange.

6. In supplication, it appears to be somewhat emphatical.

I beseech thee, O Lord, remember now how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart. 2 Kings 20.

7. Now sometimes refers to a particular time past specified or understood, and may be defined, at that time. He was now sensible of his mistake.

Now and then, at one time and another, indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals.

They now and then appear in offices of religion.

Rogers.

If there were any such thing as spontaneous generation, a new species would now and then appear.

2. Applied to places which appear at intervals or in succession.

A mead here, there a heath, and now and then a wood.

Drayton.

Now, now, repeated, is used to excite attention to something immediately to happen.

Now

NOW, noun The present time or moment.

Nothing is there to come, and nothing past,

But an eternal now does ever last.

Cowley.

Now a days, adv. In this age.

What men of spirit now a days,

Come to give sober judgment of new plays?

Garrick.

[This is a common colloquial phrase, but not elegant in writing, unless of the more familiar kinds.]

Noway

NO'WAY, or NO'WAYS, adverb [no and way.] In no manner or degree.

[These can hardly be considered as compound words.]

Nowed

NOW'ED, adjective [French nouÃƒ-©.] Knotted; tied in a knot; used in heraldry.

Encyc.

Nowel

NOW'EL, noun [French noel.] A shout of joy or christmas song. Obs.

Chaucer.

Nowes

NOWES, noun [French nou.] The marriage knot. Obs.

Crashaw.

Nowhere

NO'WHERE, adverb [no and where; Saxon na-whoere.]

Not in any place or state. Happiness is nowhere to be found but in the practice of virtue.

But it is better to write no and where as separate words.

Nowise

NO'WISE, adverb [no and wise; often by mistake written noways.]

Not in any manner or degree.

Bentley.

Noxious

NOXIOUS, a. nok'shus. [Latin noxius, from noceo, to hurt.]

1. Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; destructive; unwholesome; insalubrious; as noxious air, food, climate; pernicious; corrupting to morals; as noxious practices or examples; noxious haunts of vice.

2. Guilty; criminal.

Those who are noxious in the eye of the law. [Little used.]

Bramhall.

3. Unfavorable; injurious.

Too frequent appearance in places of public resort is noxious to spiritual promotion.

Swift.

Noxiously

NOX'IOUSLY, adverb Hurtfully; perniciously.

Noxiousness

NOX'IOUSNESS, noun Hurtfulness; the quality that injures, impairs or destroys; insalubrity; as the noxiousness of foul air.

2. The quality that corrupts or perverts; as the noxiousness of doctrines.

Noy, noyance, noyer, noyful, noyous, noysance. [See Annoy and Nuisance.]

Noyau

NOYAU, n. noy'o. A rich cordial.

Nozle

NOZ'LE, or NOZ'ZLE, noun [from nose.] The nose; the extremity of any thing; the snout.

Arbuthnot.

Nubble

NUB'BLE, verb transitive [for knubble, from knob, the fist.]

To beat or bruise with the fist. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Nubiferous

NUBIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin nubifer; nubes, a cloud or fog, and fero, to produce.] Bringing or producing clouds.

Dict.

Nubile

NU'BILE, adjective [French from Latin nubilis, from nubo, to marry.]

Marriageable; of an age suitable for marriage.

Prior.

Nubilous

NU'BILOUS, adjective [Latin nubilus, from nubes.] Cloudy.

Bailey.

Nuciferous

NUCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin nux, nut, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing nuts.

Dict.

Nucleus

NU'CLEUS, noun [Latin from nux, a nut.]

1. Properly, the kernel of a nut; but in usage, any body about which matter is collected.

Woodward.

2. The body of a comet, called also its head, which appears to be surrounded with light.

Nudation

NUDA'TION, noun [Latin nudatio, from nudo, to make bare.]

The act of stripping or making bare or naked.

Nude

NUDE, adjective [Latin nudus.] Bare.

2. In law, void; of no force.

Blackstone.

Nudity

NU'DITY, noun [Latin nuditas.] Nakedness.

2. Nudities, in the plural, naked parts which decency requires to be concealed.

Dryden.

3. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts of the human figure, or parts not covered with drapery.

Nudum Pactum, [Latin] in law, an agreement that is void or not valid according to the laws of the land.

Blackstone.

Nugacity

NUGAC'ITY, noun [Latin nugax, from nugoe, trifles.]

Futility; trifling talk or behavior.

More. Johnson.

Nugation

NUGA'TION, noun [Latin nugor, to trifle.] The act or practice of trifling. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Nugatory

NU'GATORY, adjective [Latin nugatorius.] Trifling; vain; futile; insignificant.

Bentley.

2. Of no force; inoperative; ineffectual. The laws are sometimes rendered nugatory by inexecution. Any agreement may be rendered nugatory by something which contravenes its execution.

Nuisance

NU'ISANCE, or NU'SANCE, noun [French nuisance, from nuire, Latin noceo, to annoy. Blackstone writes nusance, and it is desirable that his example may be followed.]

1. That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or noxious. A liar is a nusance to society.

2. In law, that which incommodes or annoys; something that produces inconvenience or damage. Nusances are public or private; public, when they annoy citizens in general, as obstructions of the highway; private, when they affect individuals only, as when one man erects a house so near his neighbor's as to throw the water off the roof upon his neighbor's land or house, or to intercept the light that his neighbor before enjoyed.

Blackstone.

Nul, in law, signifies no, not any; as nul disseizin; nul tiel record; nul tort.

Null

NULL, verb transitive [Latin nullus; ne and ullus, not any.]

To annul; to deprive of validity; to destroy. [Not much used.] [See Annul.]

Milton.

Null

NULL, adjective [Latin nullus.] Void; of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid. The contract of a minor is null in law, except for necessaries.

Null

NULL, noun Something that has no force or meaning. A cipher is called a null. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Nullifidian

NULLIFID'IAN, adjective [Latin nullus, none, and fides, faith.]

Of no faith; of no religion or honesty. [Not used.]

Feltham.

Nullified

NUL'LIFIED, participle passive Made void.

Nullify

NUL'LIFY, verb transitive [Latin nullus, none, and facio, to make.]

To annul; to make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or efficacy.

Ames.

Nullity

NUL'LITY, noun [Italian nullitÃƒ- ; French nullitÃƒ-©; from Latin nullus.]

1. Nothingness; want of existence.

Bacon.

2. Want of legal force, validity or efficacy.

South.

Numb

NUMB, a. num. [Saxon numen, the participle of Saxon Gothic niman, to take, to seize, whence beniman or benyman, to deprive; benum, benuman, stupefied, that is, seized, arrested, held, stopped; Dutch neemen; German nehmen. Class Nm. No. 7. 9.]

1. Torpid; destitute of the power of sensation and motion; as, the fingers or limbs are numb with cold.

2. Producing numbness; benumbing; as the numb cold night. [Not used nor proper.]

Shak.

Numb

NUMB, v. t. num. To make torpid; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy.

For lazy winter numbs the laboring hand.

Dryden.

And numbing coldness has embraced the ear.

Prior.

Numbed

NUMBED, pp. num'med. Rendered torpid.

Number

NUM'BER, noun [French nombre; Latin numerus; Italian Spanish Portugese numero; Armoric Welsh niver; Irish nuimhir. I know not whether the elements are Nm, or Nb. Probably the radical sense is to speak, name or tell, as our word tell, in the other dialects, is to number. Number may be allied to name, as the Spaniards use nombre for name, and the French word written with the same letters, is number. Class Nm. No. 1.]

1. The designation of a unit in reference to other units, or in reckoning, counting, enumerating; as, one is the first number; a simple number.

2. An assemblage of two or more units. Two is a number composed of one and one added. Five and three added make the number eight. Number may be applied to any collection or multitude of units or individuals, and therefore is indefinite, unless defined by other words or by figures or signs of definite signification. Hence,

3. More than one; many.

Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers.

Addison.

4. Multitude.

Number itself importeth not much in armies, where the men are of weak courage.

Bacon.

5. In poetry, measure; the order and quantity of syllables constituting feet, which render verse musical to the ear. The harmony of verse consists in the proper distribution of the long and short syllables, with suitable pauses.

In oratory, a judicious disposition of words, syllables and cadences constitutes a kind of measure resembling poetic numbers.

6. Poetry; verse.

I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came.

Pope.

Here the first word numbers may be taken for poetry or verse, and the second for measure.

Yet should the Muses bid my numbers roll.

Pope.

7. In grammar, the difference of termination or form of a word, to express unity or plurality. The termination which denotes one or an individual, is the singular number; the termination that denotes two or more individuals or units, constitutes the plural number. Hence we say, a noun, an adjective, a pronoun or a verb is in the singular or the plural number.

8. In mathematics, number is variously distinguished. Cardinal numbers are those which express the amount of units; as 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ordinal numbers are those which express order; as first, second, third, fourth, &c.

Determinate number, is that referred to a given unit, as a ternary or three; an indeterminate number, is referred to unity in general, and called quantity.

Homogeneal numbers, are those referred to the same units; those referred to different units are termed heterogeneal.

Whole numbers, are called integers.

A rational number, is one commensurable with unity. A number incommensurable with unity, is termed irrational or surd.

A prime or primitive number, is divisible only by unity; as three, five, seven, &c.

A perfect number, is that whose aliquot parts added together, make the whole number, as 28, whose aliquot parts, 14. 7. 4. 2. 1. make the number 28.

An imperfect number, is that whose aliquot parts added together, make more or less than the number. This is abundant or defective; abundant, as 12, whose aliquot parts, 6. 4. 3. 2. 1. make 16; or defective, as 16, whose aliquot parts, 8. 4. 2. 1. make 15 only.

A square number, is the product of a number multiplied by itself; as, 16 is the square number of 4.

A cubic number, is the product of a square number by its root; as, 27 is the product of the square number 9 by its root 3.

Encyc.

Golden number, the cycle of the moon, or revolution of 19 years, in which time the conjunctions, oppositions and other aspects of the moon are nearly the same as they were on the same days of the month 19 years before.

Number

NUM'BER, verb transitive [Latin numero.] To count; to reckon; to ascertain the units of any sum, collection or multitude.

If a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered. Genesis 13.

2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude.

He was numbered with the transgressors. Isaiah 53.

Numbered

NUM'BERED, participle passive Counted; enumerated.

Numberer

NUM'BERER, noun One that numbers.

Numbering

NUM'BERING, participle of the present tense Counting; ascertaining the units of a multitude or collection.

Numberless

NUM'BERLESS, adjective That cannot be counted; innumerable.

Milton.

Numbers

NUM'BERS, noun The title of the fourth book of the Pentateuch.

Numbing

NUMBING, ppr. num'ming. Making torpid.

Numbles

NUM'BLES, noun [French nombles.] The entrails of a deer.

Bailey.

Numbness

NUMBNESS, n. num'ness. Torpor; that state of a living body in which it has not the power of feeling or motion, as when paralytic or chilled by cold.

Numerable

NU'MERABLE, adjective [Latin numerabilis.] That may be numbered or counted.

Numeral

NU'MERAL, adjective [French; Latin numeralis.] Pertaining to number; consisting of number.

The dependence of a long train of numeral progressions.

Locke.

2. Expressing number; representing number; standing as a substitute for figures; as numeral letters; as X for 10; L for fifty; C for 100; D for 500; M for 1000.

3. Expressing numbers; as numeral characters. The figures we now use to express numbers are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. They are said to be of Arabian origin; but the Arabians might have received them from India. This is a controverted question.

Numerally

NU'MERALLY, adverb According to number; in number.

Numerary

NU'MERARY, adjective Belonging to a certain number.

A supernumerary canon, when he obtains a prebend, becomes a numerary canon.

Ayliffe.

Numerate

NU'MERATE, verb transitive To count or reckon in numbers; to calculate. [But enumerate is generally used.]

Lancaster.

Numeration

NUMERA'TION, noun [Latin numeratio.] The act or art of numbering.

Numeration is but still the adding of one unit more, and giving to the whole a new name or sign.

Locke.

2. In arithmetic, notation; the art of expressing in characters any number proposed in words, or of expressing in words any number proposed in characters; the act or art of writing or reading numbers. Thus we write 1000, for thousand, and 50, we read fifty.

Numerator

NU'MERATOR, noun [Latin] One that numbers.

2. In arithmetic, the number in vulgar fractions which shows how many parts of a unit are taken. Thus when a unit is divided into 9 parts, and we take 5, we express it thus, 5/9, that is, five ninths; 5 being the numerator, and 9 the denominator.

Numeric

NUMER'IC, or NUMER'ICAL, adjective [Italian numerico; French numerique; from Latin numerus, number.]

1. Belonging to number; denoting number; consisting in numbers; as numerical algebra; numerical characters.

2. Numerical difference, is that by which one individual is distinguished from another. The same numerical body is identically the same.

Numerically

NUMER'ICALLY, adverb In numbers; as parts of a thing numerically expressed.

2. With respect to number or sameness in number; as, a thing is numerically the same, or numerically different.

Numerist

NU'MERIST, noun One that deals in numbers. [Not used.]

Brown.

Numerosity

NUMEROS'ITY, noun The state of being numerous. [Not used.]

Brown.

Numerous

NU'MEROUS, adjective [Latin numerosus.] Being many, or consisting of a great number of individuals; as a numerous army; a numerous body; a numerous people.

2. Consisting of poetic numbers; melodious; musical. In prose, a style becomes numerous by the alternate disposition or intermixture of long and short syllables, or of long and short words; or by a judicious selection and disposition of smooth flowing words, and by closing the periods with important or well sounding words.

Encyc.

Numerousness

NU'MEROUSNESS, noun The quality of being numerous or many; the quality of consisting of a great number of individuals; as the numerousness of an army or of an assembly.

2. The quality of consisting of poetic numbers; melodiousness; musicalness.

Encyc.

Numismatic

NUMISMAT'IC, adjective [Latin numisma, money, coin; Greek, from, to suppose, to sanction, from, law or custom.] Pertaining to money, coin or medals.

Numismatics

NUMISMAT'ICS, noun The science of coins and medals.

Numismatologist

NUMISMATOL'OGIST, noun One versed in the knowledge of coins and medals.

Numismatology

NUMISMATOL'OGY, noun [Greek, coin, and, discourse.]

The branch of historical science which treats of coins and medals.

Nummary

NUM'MARY, or NUM'MULAR, adjective [Latin nummus, a coin.] Pertaining to coin or money.

Arbuthnot. Dict.

Nummulite

NUM'MULITE, noun [Latin nummus, money.] Fossil remains of a chambered shell of a flattened form, formerly mistaken for money.

Ed. Encyc.

Numps

NUMPS, noun A dolt; a blockhead. [Not used.]

Parker.

Numskull

NUM'SKULL, noun [numb and skull.] A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow.

Prior.

Numskulled

NUM'SKULLED, adjective Dull in intellect; stupid; doltish.

Arbuthnot.

Nun

NUN, noun [Saxon Danish nunne; Dutch non; German nonne; Swedish nunna; French nonne.]

A woman devoted to a religious life, and who lives in a cloister or nunnery, secluded from the world, under a vow of perpetual chastity.

Nun

NUN, noun A web-footed fowl of the size of a duck, with a white head and neck.

Dict.

2. The blue titmouse.

Sherwood.

Nunchion

NUN'CHION, noun A portion of food taken between meals. [qu. from noon, or a corruption of luncheon.]

Ainsworth.

Nunciature

NUN'CIATURE, noun [See Nuncio.] The office of a nuncio.

Clarendon.

Nuncio

NUN'CIO, noun [Italian nunzio, from Latin nuncius, a messenger.]

1. An embassador from the pope to some catholic prince or state, or who attends some congress or assembly as the pope's representative.

Encyc.

2. A messenger; one who brings intelligence.

Shak.

Nuncupate

NUN'CUPATE, verb transitive [Latin nuncupo.] To declare publicly or solemnly. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Nuncupation

NUNCUPA'TION, noun A naming.

Chaucer.

Nuncupative

NUNCU'PATIVE, or NUNCU'PATORY, adjective [Italian nuncupativo; French nuncupatif; from Latin nuncupo, to declare.]

1. Nominal; existing only in name.

Encyc.

2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory.

Fotherby.

3. Verbal, not written. A nuncupative will or testament is one which is made by the verbal declaration of the testator, and depends merely on oral testimony for proof, though afterwards reduced to writing.

Blackstone.

Nundinal

NUN'DINAL, adjective [Latin nundinalis, from nundinoe, a fair or market, quasi novem-dinoe, every nine days.]

1. Pertaining to a fair or to a market day.

2. A nundinal letter, among the Romans, was one of the eight first letters of the alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. One of these always expressed the market days, which returned every nine days.

Nundinal

NUN'DINAL, noun A nundinal letter.

Nundinate

NUN'DINATE, verb intransitive To buy and sell at fairs. [Not used.]

Nundination

NUNDINA'TION, noun Traffick in fairs. [Not used.]

Nunnation

NUNNA'TION, noun In Arabic grammar, from the name of N, the pronunciation of n at the end of words.

Nunnery

NUN'NERY, noun A house in which nuns reside; a cloister in which females under a vow of chastity and devoted to religion, reside during life.

Nuptial

NUP'TIAL, adjective [Latin nuptialis, from nuptus, nubo, to marry.]

1. Pertaining to marriage; done at a wedding; as nuptial rites and ceremonies; nuptial torch.

2. Constituting marriage; as the nuptial knot or band.

The Bible has mitigated the horrors of war; it has given effectual obligation to the nuptial vow.

German Spring.

Nuptials

NUP'TIALS, n. plu. Marriage, which see.

Dryden.

Nurse

NURSE, n. nurs. [French nourrice, from nourrir, to nourish.]

1. A woman that has the care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the children of others.

2. A woman who suckles infants.

3. A woman that has the care of a sick person.

4. A man who has the care of the sick.

5. A person that breeds, educates or protects; hence, that which breeds, brings up or causes to grow; as Greece, the nurse of the liberal arts.

6. An old woman; in contempt.

Blackmore.

7. The state of being nursed; as, to put a child to nurse.

Cleaveland.

8. In composition, that which supplies food; as a nurse-pond.

Walton.

Nurse

NURSE, v. t. nurs. To tend, as infants; as, to nurse a child.

2. To suckle; to nourish at the breast.

3. To attend and take care of in child-bed; as, to nurse a woman in her illness.

4. To tend the sick; applied to males and females.

5. To feed; to maintain; to bring up. Isaiah 60.

6. To cherish; to foster; to encourage; to promote growth in. We say, to nurse a feeble animal or plant.

By what hands has vice been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion?

Locke.

7. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; as, to nurse our national resources.

Nursed

NURS'ED, participle passive Tended in infancy or sickness; nourished from the breast; maintained; cherished.

Nurser

NURS'ER, noun One that cherishes or encourages growth.

Nursery

NURS'ERY, noun The place or apartment in a house appropriated to the care of children.

Bacon.

2. A place where young trees are propagated for the purpose of being transplanted; a plantation of young trees.

Bacon.

3. The place where any thing is fostered and the growth promoted.

To see fair Padua, nursery of arts.

Shak.

So we say, a nursery of thieves or of rogues. Alehouses and dram-shops are the nurseries of intemperance.

Christian families are the nurseries of the church on earth, as she is the nursery of the church in heaven.

J. M. Mason.

4. That which forms and educates. Commerce is the nursery of seamen.

5. The act of nursing. [Little used.]

Shak.

6. That which is the object of a nurse's care.

Milton.

Nursing

NURS'ING, participle of the present tense Tending; nourishing at the breast; educating; maintaining.

Nursling

NURS'LING, noun An infant; a child.

Dryden.

2. One that is nursed.

Spenser.

Nurture

NUR'TURE, noun [French nourriture, from nourrir, to nourish.]

1. That which nourishes; food; diet.

Milton.

2. That which promotes growth; education; instruction. Ephesians 6.

Nurture

NUR'TURE, verb transitive To feed; to nourish.

2. To educate; to bring or train up.

He was nurtured where he was born.

Wotton.

Nusance

NUSANCE. [See Nuisance.]

Nut

NUT, noun [Saxon hnut; Dutch noot; German nuss; Swedish n?t; Danish nÃƒ-¶dd; Irish cnudh; Welsh cna, cnau. It seems to be allied to knot, a bunch or hard lump.]

1. The fruit of certain trees and shrubs, consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kernel. A nut is properly the pericarp of the fruit. Various kinds of nuts are distinguished; as walnut, chestnut, hazlenut, butternut.

2. In mechanics, a small cylinder or other body, with teeth or projections corresponding with the teeth or grooves of a wheel.

Wilkins. Ray.

3. The projection near the eye of an anchor.

Mar. Dict.

Nut

NUT, verb transitive To gather nuts.

Wood.

Nutation

NUTA'TION, noun [Latin nutatio, a nodding, from nuto, to nod.]

In astronomy, a kind of tremulous motion of the axis of the earth, by which in its annual revolution it is twice inclined to the ecliptic, and as often returns to its former position.

Encyc.

Nut-Breaker

NUT-BREAKER. [See Nutcracker.]

Nut-Brown

NUT'-BROWN, adjective Brown as a nut long kept and dried.

Milton.

Nut-Cracker

NUT'-CRACKER, noun An instrument for cracking nuts.

Addison.

2. A bird of the genus Corvus; the nut-breaker.

Pennant.

Nutgall

NUT'GALL, noun An excrescence of the oak.

Brown.

Nut-Hatch

NUT'-HATCH, noun The common name of birds of the genus Sitta. The common European nut-hatch is called also nut-jobber and nut-pecker.

Encyc. Johnson.

Nut-Hook

NUT'-HOOK, noun A pole with a hook at the end to pull down boughs for gathering the nuts; also, the name given to a thief that stole goods from a window by means of a hook.

Shak.

Nutmeg

NUT'MEG, noun [Latin nux moschata; Italian noce moscada; Portugese noz moscada; French muscade or noix muscade. But it may be questioned whether the last syllable in English, meg, is not from Latin macis, mace, the bark that envelops the nut.]

The fruit of a tree of the genus Myristica, growing in the isles of the East Indies and South Sea. The tree grows to the highth of thirty feet, producing numerous branches. The color of the bark of the trunk is a reddish brown; that of the young branches a bright green. The fruit is of the kind called drupe, that is, a pulpy pericarp without valves, containing a nut or kernel. The covering of this nut is the mace. The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to the taste and smell, and much used in cookery.

Nutrication

NUTRICA'TION, noun Manner of feeding or being fed. [Not in use.]

Nutrient

NU'TRIENT, adjective [Latin nutrio.] Nourishing; promoting growth.

Nutrient

NU'TRIENT, noun Any substance which nourishes by promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies.

Nutriment

NU'TRIMENT, noun [Latin nutrimentum, from nutrio, to nourish.]

1. That which nourishes; that which promotes the growth or repairs the natural waste of animal bodies, or that which promotes the growth of vegetables; food; aliment.

South.

2. That which promotes enlargement or improvement; as the nutriment of the mind.

Nutrimental

NUTRIMENT'AL, adjective Having the qualities of food; alimental.

Arbuthnot.

Nutrition

NUTRI'TION, noun [Latin nutritio, from nutrio, to nourish.]

1. The act or process of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies; the act or process of promoting growth in vegetables.

Darwin.

2. That which nourishes; nutriment.

Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot,

To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot.

Pope.

There is no nutrition in ardent spirits.

Latin Beecher.

Nutritious

NUTRI'TIOUS, adjective Nourishing; promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies. Milk is very nutritious.

Nutritive

NU'TRITIVE, adjective Having the quality of nourishing; nutrimental; alimental; as a nutritive food.

Nutriture

NU'TRITURE, noun The quality of nourishing. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Nut-Shell

NUT'-SHELL, noun The hard shell of a nut; the covering of the kernel.

2. Proverbially, a thing of little compass or of little value.

L'Estrange.

Nut-Tree

NUT'-TREE, noun A tree that bears nuts.

Nuzzle

NUZ'ZLE, verb transitive [qu. from noursle.] To nurse; to foster. [Vulgar.]

Nuzzle

NUZ'ZLE, verb transitive [qu. from nose or noursle.]

To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom.

Bailey.

Nuzzle

NUZ'ZLE, verb transitive [qu. noursle or nestle.] To nestle; to house as in a nest.

Nuzzle

NUZ'ZLE, verb intransitive [qu. from nose.] To go with the nose near the ground, or thrusting the nose into the ground like a swine.

Arbuthnot. Pope.

Nyctalops

NYC'TALOPS, noun [Greek; night, and, the eye.]

1. One that sees best in the night.

Coles.

2. One who loses his sight as night comes on, and remains blind till morning.

Nyctalopy

NYC'TALOPY, noun The faculty of seeing best in darkness, or the disorder from which this faculty proceeds.

Todd.

2. In present usage, the disorder in which the patient loses his sight as night approaches, and remains blind till morning.

Nye

NYE, noun A brood or flock of pheasants.

Nylgau

NYL'GAU, noun A quadruped of the genus Bos, a native of the interior of India, of a middle size between the cow and the deer. Its body, horns and tail are not unlike those of a bull; the head, neck and legs resemble those of the deer. The color is an ash gray.

Encyc.

Nymph

NYMPH, noun [Latin nympha; Greek.] In mythology, a goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows and waters. According to the ancients, all the world was full of nymphs, some terrestrial, others celestial; and these had names assigned to them according to their place of residence, or the parts of the world over which they were supposed to preside.

Encyc.

2. In poetry, a lady.

Waller.

Nymph

NYMPH, or NYMPH'A, noun Another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or aurelia; the second state of an insect, passing to its perfect form.

Nymphean

NYMPHE'AN, adjective Pertaining to nymphs; inhabited by nymphs; as a nymphean cave.

Faber.

Nymphical

NYMPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to nymphs.

Pausanias, Trans.

Nymphish

NYMPH'ISH, adjective Relating to nymphs; lady-like.

Drayton.

Nymphlike

NYMPH'LIKE, or NYMPH'LY, adjective Resembling nymphs.

Drayton.

Nys

NYS, [ne and is.] None is; is not. Obs.

Spenser.

O

O

O is the fifteenth letter, and the fourth vowel in the English Alphabet. The shape of this letter seems to have been taken from the circular configuration of the lips in uttering the sound. It corresponds in figure with the Coptic O, and nearly with the Syriac initial and final vau, and the Ethiopic ain. In words derived from the oriental languages, it often represents the vau of those languages, and sometimes the ain; the original sound of the latter being formed deep in the throat, and with a greater aperture of the mouth.

In English, O has a long sound, as in tone, hone, groan, cloke, roll, droll; a short sound, as in lot, plod, rod, song, lodge, and the sound of oo, or the Italian u, and French ou, as in move, prove. This sound is shortened in words ending in a close articulation, as in book, foot.

The long sound of O, is usually denoted by e, at the end of a word or syllable, as in bone, lonely; or by a servile a, as in moan, foal. It is generally long before ll, as in roll; but it is short in doll, loll, and in words of more syllables than one, as in folly, volley.

As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11, and with a dash over it, O, for 11,000.

Among the Irish, O prefixed to the name of a family, denotes progeny, or is a character of dignity; as O'Neil; O'Carrol.

Among the ancients, O was a mark of triple time, from the notion that the ternary or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure.

O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish.

O, were he present.

Dryden.

It sometimes expresses surprise.

Shakspeare uses O for a circle or oval.

Within this wooden O.

O. S. stands for Old Style.

Oaf

OAF, noun [said to be a corruption of ouph or elf, a fairy or demon, and to denote a foolish child left by fairies in the place of one of better intellects which they steal.

Johnson.]

1. A changeling; a foolish child left by fairies in the place of another.

Drayton.

2. A dolt; an idiot; a blockhead.

Oafish

OAFISH, adjective Stupid; dull; doltish. [Little used.]

Oafishness

OAFISHNESS, noun Stupidity; dullness; folly. [Little used.]

Oak

OAK, noun [Saxon ac, oec; Dutch eik or eikboom; German eiche or eichbaum; Swedish ek; Danish eegetroee, oak-tree. It is probable that the first syllable, oak, was originally an adjective expressing some quality, as hard or strong, and by the disuse of tree, oak became the name of the tree.]

A tree of the genus Quercus, or rather the popular name of the genus itself, of which there are several species. The white oak grows to a great size, and furnishes a most valuable timber; but the live oak of the United States is the most durable timber for ships. In Hartford still stands the venerable oak, in the hollow stem of which was concealed and preserved the colonial charter of Connecticut, when Sir E. Andros, by authority of a writ of quo warranto from the British crown, attempted to obtain possession of it, in 1687. As it was then a large tree, it must now be nearly three hundred years old.

Oak-Apple

OAK-APPLE, noun A kind of spungy excrescence on oak leaves or tender branches, &c. produced in consequence of the puncture of an insect. It is called also oak leaf gall, or gall-nut.

Bacon. Encyc.

Oaken

OAKEN, a. o'kn. Made of oak or consisting of oak; as an oaken plank or bench; an oaken bower.

Milton.

2. Composed of branches of oak; as an oaken garland.

Addison.

Oakenpin

OAKENPIN, noun An apple; so called from its hardnesss.

Mortimer.

Oakling

OAKLING, noun A young oak.

Evelyn.

Oakum

OAKUM, noun [Saxon oecemba, oecumbe, tow. The latter part of the word may be Saxon cemb, a comb.]

The substance of old ropes untwisted and pulled into loose hemp; used for calking the seams of ships, stopping leaks, &c. That formed from untarred ropes is called white oakum.

Oaky

OAKY, adjective [from oak.] Hard; firm; strong.

Hall.

Oar

OAR, noun [Saxon ar; Swedish ara; Norm. ower.]

An instrument for rowing boats, being a piece of timber round or square at one end, and flat at the other. The round end is the handle, and the flat end the blade.

To boat the oars, in seamanship, to cease rowing and lay the oars in the boat.

To ship the oars, to place them in the row-locks.

To unship the oars, to take them out of the row-locks.

Mar. Dict.

Oar

OAR, verb intransitive To row.

Pope.

Oar

OAR, verb transitive To impel by rowing.

Shak.

Oary

OARY, adjective Having the form or use of an oar; as the swan's oary feet.

Milton. Addison.

Oast

OAST, or OST, or OUST, noun [qu., or Latin ustus.] A kiln to dry hops or malt.

Mortimer.

Oat

OAT, noun [Saxon ate, oat or cockle, darnel; Russian oves or ovetzi.]

A plant of the genus Avena, and more usually, the seed of the plant. The word is commonly used in the plural, oats. This plant flourishes best in cold latitudes, and degenerates in the warm. The meal of this grain, oatmeal, forms a considerable and very valuable article of food for man in Scotland, and every where oats are excellent food for horses and cattle.

Oatcake

OATCAKE, noun A cake made of the meal of oats.

Peacham.

Oaten

OATEN, a. o'tn. Made of oatmeal; as oaten cakes.

2. Consisting of an oat straw or stem; as an oaten pipe.

Milton.

Oath

OATH, noun [Saxon ath; Gothic aiths; Dutch eed; German eid; Swedish ed; Danish oeed.]

A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. The appeal to God in an oath, implies that the person imprecates his vengeance and renounces his favor if the declaration is false, or if the declaration is a promise, the person invokes the vengeance of God if he should fail to fulfill it. A false oath is called perjury.

Oathable

OATHABLE, adjective Capable of having an oath administered to. [Not used.]

Shak.

Oathbreaking

OATHBREAKING, noun The violation of an oath; perjury.

Shak.

Oatmalt

OATMALT, noun Malt made of oats.

Mortimer.

Oatmeal

OATMEAL, noun Meal of oats produced by grinding or pounding.

Gay.

2. A plant. [Not used.]

Oat-Thistle

OAT-THISTLE, noun A plant. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Ob

OB, a Latin preposition, signifies primarily, in front, before, and hence against, towards; as in objicio, to object, that is, to throw against. It has also the force of in or on; as in obtrude. In composition, the letter b is often changed into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed; as in occasion, offer, oppose.

Obambulate

OBAM'BULATE, verb intransitive [Latin obambulo.] To walk about. [Not used.]

Cockeram.

Obambulation

OBAMBULA'TION, noun A walking about. [Not used.]

Dict.

Obbligato

OBBLIGA'TO, adjective [Italian bound.] A term in music, signifying on purpose for the instrument named.

Cyc.

Obcordate

OBCORD'ATE, adjective [Latin from ob and cor, the heart.]

In botany, shaped like a heart, with the apex downward; as an obcordate petal or legume.

Martyn.

Obdormition

OBDORMI'TION, noun [Latin obdormio, to sleep.] Sleep; sound sleep. [Little used.]

Hall.

Obduce

OBDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin obduco; ob and duco, to lead.] To draw over, as a covering. [Little used.]

Hale.

Obduct

OBDUCT', verb transitive [Latin obduco.] To draw over; to cover. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Obduction

OBDUCTION, noun [Latin obductio.] The act of drawing over, as a covering; the act of laying over. [Little used.]

Cockeram.

Obduracy

OB'DURACY, noun [See Obdurate.] Invincible hardness of heart; impenitence that cannot be subdued; inflexible persistency in sin; obstinacy in wickedness.

God may by almighty grace hinder the absolute completion of sin in final obduracy.

South.

Obdurate

OB'DURATE, adjective [Latin obduro, to harden; ob and duro.]

1. Hardened in heart; inflexibly hard; persisting obstinately in sin or impenitence.

2. Hardened against good or favor; stubborn; unyielding; inflexible.

The custom of evil makes the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary.

Hooker.

3. Harsh; rugged; as an obdurate consonant. [Little used.]

Swift.

Obdurate

OB'DURATE, verb transitive To harden. [Not used.]

More.

Obdurately

OB'DURATELY, adverb Stubbornly; inflexibly; with obstinate impenitence.

Obdurateness

OB'DURATENESS, noun Stubbornness; inflexible persistence in sin.

Obduration

OBDURA'TION, noun The hardening of the heart; hardness of heart; stubbornness.

Hooker. Hammond.

Obdure

OBDU'RE, verb transitive [Latin obduro.] To harden; to render obstinate in sin. [Little used.]

Herbert.

2. To render inflexible. [Little used.]

Hall.

Obdured

OBDU'RED, participle passive or adjective Hardened; inflexible; impenitent.

Milton.

Obduredness

OBDU'REDNESS, noun Hardness of heart; stubbornness. [Little used.]

Hall.

Obedience

OBE'DIENCE, noun [French from Latin obedientia. See Obey.]

Compliance with a command, prohibition or known law and rule of duty prescribed; the performance of what is required or enjoined by authority, or the abstaining from what is prohibited, in compliance with the command or prohibition. To constitute obedience, the act or forbearance to act must be in submission to authority; the command must be known to the person, and his compliance must be in consequence of it, or it is not obedience. Obedience is not synonymous with obsequiousness; the latter often implying meanness or servility, and obedience being merely a proper submission to authority. That which duty requires implies dignity of conduct rather than servility. Obedience may be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary obedience alone can be acceptable to God.

Government must compel the obedience of individuals; otherwise who will seek its protection or fear its vengeance?

Ames.

Obedient

OBE'DIENT, adjective [Latin obediens.] Submissive to authority; yielding compliance with commands, orders or injunctions; performing what is required, or abstaining from what is forbid.

The chief his orders gives; the obedient band,

With due observance, wait the chief's command.

Pope.

Obediential

OBEDIEN'TIAL, adjective [French obedienciel.] According to the rule of obedience; in compliance with commands; as obediential submission.

Hammond.

Obediently

OBE'DIENTLY, adverb With obedience; with due submission to commands; with submission or compliance with orders.

Tillotson.

Obeisance

OBE'ISANCE, noun [French obeissance, from obeir, to obey, Latin obedio.]

A bow or courtesy; an act of reverence made by an inclination of the body or the knee. Genesis 37.

Obeliscal

OBELIS'CAL, adjective In the form of an obelisk.

Stukeley.

Obelisk

OB'ELISK, noun [Latin obeliscus; Greek, dim. of, a spit.]

1. A truncated, quadrangular and slender pyramid intended as an ornament, and often charged with inscriptions or hieroglyphics. Some ancient obelisks appear to have been erected in honor of distinguished persons or their achievments. Ptolemy Philadelphus raised one of 88 cubits high in honor of Arsinoe. Augustus erected one in the Campus Martius at Rome, which served to mark the hours on a horizontal dial drawn on the pavement.

Encyc.

2. In writing and printing, a reference or mark referring the reader to a note in the margin, thus,. It is used also for a mark of censure, or for designating obsolete words, or for other purposes at the pleasure of the writer.

Obequitate

OBEQ'UITATE, verb intransitive [Latin obequito; ob and equito, to ride; equus, a horse.] To ride about. [Not used.]

Cockeram.

Obequitation

OBEQUITA'TION, noun The act of riding about. [Not used.]

Cockeram.

Oberration

OBERRA'TION, noun [Latin oberro; ob and erro, to wander.] The act of wandering about. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Obese

OBE'SE, adjective [Latin obesus.] Fat; fleshy. [Little used.]

Gayton.

Obeseness

OBE'SENESS, or OBES'ITY, noun [Latin obesitas.] Fatness; fleshiness; incumbrance of flesh.

Grew.

Obey

OBEY, verb transitive [French obeir, contracted from Latin obedio, Italian ubbidire; supposed to be contracted from ob and audio, to hear. See Greek.]

1. To comply with the commands, orders or instructions of a superior, or with the requirements of law, moral, political or municipal; to do that which is commanded or required, or to forbear doing that which is prohibited.

Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Ephesians 6.

Servants, obey in all things your masters. Colossians 3.

He who has learned to obey, will know how to command.

2. To submit to the government of; to be ruled by.

All Israel obeyed Solomon. 1 Chronicles 29. Danish vii.

3. To submit to the direction or control of. Seamen say, the ship will not obey the helm.

Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof. Romans 6. James 3.

4. To yield to the impulse, power or operation of; as, to obey stimulus.

Darwin.

Relentless time, destroying power,

Whom stone and brass obey.

Obeyed

OBEYED, participle passive Complied with; performed; as a command; yielded to.

Obeyer

OBEYER, noun One who yields obedience.

Obeying

OBEYING, participle of the present tense Complying with commands; submitting to.

Obfirm

OBFIRM, or OBFIRMATE, verb transitive obferm', obferm'ate. To make firm; to harden in resolution. [Not used.]

Hall. Sheldon.

Obfuscate

OBFUS'CATE, verb transitive [Latin ob and fusco, to obscure.] To darken; to obscure.

Waterhouse.

Obfuscated

OBFUS'CATED, participle passive Darkened in color.

Shenstone.

Obfuscation

OBFUS'CATION, noun The act of darkening or rendering obscure; a clouding.

Obfuscations of the cornea.

Darwin.

Obit

OB'IT, noun [Latin obiit, obivit; ob and eo, to go.] Properly, death; decease; hence, funeral solemnities or anniversary service for the soul of the deceased on the day of his death.

Encyc. Mountagu.

Obitual

OBIT'UAL, adjective [Latin obeo, to die; obitus, death.]

Pertaining to obits, or the days when funeral solemnities are celebrated; as obitual days.

Encyc.

Obituary

OBIT'UARY, noun [French obituaire.] A list of the dead, or a register of obitual anniversary days, when service is performed for the dead.

Encyc.

2. An account of persons deceased; notice of the death of a person, often accompanied with a brief biographical sketch of his character.

Obituary

OBIT'UARY, adjective Relating to the decease of a person or persons; as an obituary notice.

Object

OB'JECT, noun [French objet; Latin objectum objectus. See the Verb.]

1. That about which any power or faculty is employed, or something apprehended or presented to the mind by sensation or imagination. Thus that quality of a rose which is perceived by the sense of smell, is an object of perception. When the object is not in contact with the organ of sense, there must be some medium through which we obtain the perception of it. The impression which objects make on the senses, must be by the immediate application of them to the organs of sense, or by means of the medium that intervenes between the organs and the objects.

2. That to which the mind is directed for accomplishment or attainment; end; ultimate purpose. Happiness is the object of every man's desires; we all strive to attain that object. Wealth and honor are pursued with eagerness as desirable objects.

3. Something presented to the senses or the mind, to excite emotion, affection or passion.

This passenger felt some degree of concern at the sight of so moving an object.

Atterbury.

In this sense, the word uttered with a particular emphasis, signifies something that may strongly move our pity, abhorrence or disgust. What an object!

4. In grammar, that which is produced, influenced or acted on by something else; that which follows a transitive verb. When we say, "God created the world," world denotes the thing produced, and is the object after the verb created. When we say, "the light affects the eye," eye denotes that which is affected or acted on. When we say, "instruction directs the mind or opinions," mind and opinions are the objects influenced.

Object-Glass

OB'JECT-GLASS, noun In a telescope or microscope, the glass placed at the end of a tube next the object.

Object

OBJECT', verb transitive [Latin objicio; ob and jacio, to throw against.]

1. To oppose; to present in opposition.

Pallas to their eyes

The mist objected, and condens'd the skies.

Pope.

2. To present or offer in opposition, as a charge criminal, or as a reason adverse to something supposed to be erroneous or wrong; with to or against.

The bookÃ‚--giveth liberty to object any crime against such as are to be ordered.

Whitgifte.

The adversaries of religion object against professors the irregularity of their lives, and too often with justice.

There was this single fault that Erasmus, though an enemy, could object to him.

Atterbury.

Object

OBJECT', verb intransitive To oppose in words or arguments; to offer reasons against. The council objected to the admission of the plaintiff's witnesses.

Object

OBJECT', adjective Opposed; presented in opposition. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Objectable

OBJECT'ABLE, adjective That may be opposed.

Taylor.

Objection

OBJEC'TION, noun [Latin objectio.] The act of objecting.

2. That which is presented in opposition; adverse reason or argument. The defendant urged several objections to the plaintiff's claims. The plaintiff has removed or overthrown those objections.

3. That which may be offered in opposition; reason existing, though not offered, against a measure or an opinion. We often have objections in our minds which we never offer or present in opposition.

4. Criminal charge; fault found.

Objectionable

OBJEC'TIONABLE, adjective Justly liable to objections; such as may be objected against.

Objective

OBJECT'IVE, adjective [French objectif.] Belonging to the object; contained in the object.

Objective certainty, is when the proposition is certainly true in itself; and subjective, when we are certain of the truth of it. The one is in things, the other in our minds.

Watts.

2. In grammar, the objective case is that which follows a transitive verb or a preposition; that case in which the object of the verb is placed, when produced or affected by the act expressed by the verb. This case in English answers to the oblique cases of the Latin.

Lowth.

Objectively

OBJECT'IVELY, adverb In the manner of an object; as a determinate idea objectively in the mind.

Locke.

2. In the state of an object.

Brown.

Objectiveness

OBJECT'IVENESS, noun The state of being an object.

Is there such a motion or objectiveness of external bodies, which produceth light?

Hale.

Objector

OBJECT'OR, noun One that objects; one that offers arguments or reasons in opposition to a proposition or measure.

Bentley.

Objurgate

OBJUR'GATE, verb transitive [Latin objurgo; ob and jurgo, to chide.] To chide; to reprove. [Not used.]

Objurgation

OBJURGA'TION, noun [Latin objurgatio.] The act of chiding by way of censure; reproof; reprehension. [Little used.]

Bramhall.

Objurgatory

OBJUR'GATORY, adjective Containing censure or reproof; culpatory. [Little used.]

Howell.

Oblada

OBLA'DA, noun A fish of the sparus kind, variegated with longitudinal lines, and having a large black spot on each side, near the tail.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Oblate

OBLA'TE, adjective [Latin oblatus, offero; ob and fero, to bear.]

Flattened or depressed at the poles; as an oblate spheroid, which is the figure of the earth.

Cheyne.

Oblateness

OBLA'TENESS, noun The quality or state of being oblate.

Fleming.

Oblation

OBLA'TION, noun [Latin oblatio, from offero; ob and fero, to bear or bring.]

Any thing offered or presented in worship or sacred service; an offering; a sacrifice.

Bring no more vain oblations. Isaiah 1.

Oblectate

OBLEC'TATE, verb transitive [Latin oblecto.] To delight; to please highly. [Not used.]

Oblectation

OBLECTA'TION, noun The act of pleasing highly; delight.

Feltham.

Obligate

OB'LIGATE, verb transitive [Latin obligo; ob and ligo, to bind.]

To bind, as one's self, in a moral and legal sense; to impose on, as a duty which the law or good faith may enforce. A man may obligate himself to pay money, or erect a house, either by bond, by covenant or by a verbal promise. A man obligates himself only by a positive act of his own. We never say, a man obligates his heirs or executors. Until recently, the sense of this word has been restricted to positive and personal acts; and when moral duty or law binds a person to do something, the word oblige has been used. But this distinction is not now observed.

The millions of mankind, as one vast fraternity, should feel obligated by a sense of duty and the impulse of affection, to realize the equal rights and to subserve the best interests of each other.

Proudfit.

That's your true plan, to obligate

The present minister of state.

Churchill.

Obligated

OB'LIGATED, participle passive Bound by contract or promise.

Obligating

OB'LIGATING, participle of the present tense Bound by covenant, contract, promise or bond.

Obligation

OBLIGA'TION, noun [Latin obligatio.] The binding power of a vow, promise, oath or contract, or of law, civil, political or moral, independent of a promise; that which constitutes legal or moral duty, and which renders a person liable to coercion and punishment for neglecting it. The laws and commands of God impose on us an obligation to love him supremely, and our neighbor as ourselves. Every citizen is under an obligation to obey the laws of the state. Moral obligation binds men without promise or contract.

2. The binding force of civility, kindness or gratitude, when the performance of a duty cannot be enforced by law. Favors conferred impose on men an obligation to make suitable returns.

3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for another, or to forbear something.

Taylor.

4. In law, a bond with a condition annexed and a penalty for non-fulfillment.

Obligato

OBLIGATO. [See Obbligato.]

Obligatory

OB'LIGATORY, adjective Binding in law or conscience; imposing duty; requiring performance or forbearance of some act; followed by on; to is obsolete.

As long as law is obligatory, so long our obedience is due.

Taylor.

Oblige

OBLI'GE, verb transitive pronounced as written, not obleege. [French obliger; Italian obbligare; Spanish obligar; from Latin obligo; ob and ligo, to bind; Russian oblagayu or oblegayu, to encompass Russian or surround.]

1. To constrain by necessity; to compel by physical force. An admiral may be obliged to surrender his ships, or he may be obliged by adverse winds to delay sailing.

2. To constrain by legal force; to bind in law. We are obliged to pay toll for supporting roads and bridges.

3. To bind or constrain by moral force. We are obliged to believe positive and unsuspected testimony.

4. To bind in conscience or honor; to constrain by a sense of propriety. We are often obliged to conform to established customs, rites or ceremonies. To be obliged to yield to fashion is often the worst species of tyranny.

5. To do a favor to; to lay under obligation of gratitude; as, to oblige one with a loan of money.

6. To do a favor to; to please; to gratify. Oblige us with your company at dinner.

7. To indebt.

To those hills we are obliged for all our metals.

Bentley.

Obliged

OBLI'GED, participle passive Bound in duty or in law; compelled; constrained; favored; indebted.

Obligee

OBLIGEE', noun The person to whom another is bound, or the person to whom a bond is given.

Blackstone.

Obligement

OBLI'GEMENT, noun Obligation. [Little used.]

Milton. Dryden.

Obliger

OBLI'GER, noun One that obliges.

Obliging

OBLI'GING, participle of the present tense Binding in law or conscience; compelling; constraining.

2. Doing a favor to.

No man can long be the enemy of one whom he is in the habit of obliging.

H. Humphrey.

Obliging

OBLI'GING, adjective [French obligeant.] Having the disposition to do favors, or actually conferring them; as an obliging man; a man of an obliging disposition; hence, civil; complaisant; kind.

Mons. Strozzi has many curiosities, and is very obliging to a stranger that desires the sight of them.

Addison.

Obligingly

OBLI'GINGLY, adverb With civility; kindly; complaisantly.

Addison. Swift.

Obligingness

OBLI'GINGNESS, noun Obligation. [Little used.]

Hammond.

2. Civility; complaisance; disposition to exercise kindness.

Walton.

Obligor

OBLIGOR', noun The person who binds himself or gives his bond to another.

Blackstone.

Obliquation

OBLIQUA'TION, noun [Latin obliquo, from obliquus, oblique.]

1. Declination from a strait line or course; a turning to one side; as the obliquation of the eyes.

Newton.

2. Deviation from moral rectitude.

Oblique

OBLI'QUE, or OBLI'KE, a. obli'ke. [Latin obliquus; French oblique.]

1. Deviating from a right line; not direct; not perpendicular; not parallel; aslant.

It has a direction oblique to that of the former motion.

Cheyne.

An oblique angle is either acute or obtuse; any angle except a right one.

An oblique line is one that, falling on another, makes oblique angles with it.

Oblique planes, in dialing, are those which decline from the zenith, or incline towards the horizon.

Oblique sailing, is when a ship sails upon some rhomb between the four cardinal points, making an oblique angle with the meridian.

Encyc.

2. Indirect; by a side glance; as an oblique hint.

Shak.

3. In grammar, an oblique case is any case except the nominative.

Obliquely

OBLI'QUELY, adverb In a line deviating from a right line; not directly; not perpendicularly.

Declining from the noon of day,

The sun obliquely shoots his burning ray.

Pope.

2. Indirectly; by a side glance; by an allusion; not in the direct or plain meaning.

His discourse tends obliquely to the detracting from others.

Addison.

Obliqueness

OBLI'QUENESS, noun Obliquity.

Obliquity

OBLIQ'UITY, noun [Latin obliquitas; French obliquitÃƒ-©.]

1. Deviation from a right line; deviation from parallelism or perpendicularity; as the obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator.

2. Deviation from moral rectitude.

To disobey God or oppose his will in any thing imports a moral obliquity.

South.

3. Irregularity; deviation from ordinary rules.

Obliterate

OBLIT'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin oblitero; ob and litera, letter.]

1. To efface; to erase or blot out any thing written; or to efface any thing engraved. A writing may be obliterated by erasure, by blotting, or by the slow operation of time or natural causes.

2. To efface; to wear out; to destroy by time or other means; as, to obliterate ideas or impressions; to obliterate the monuments of antiquity; to obliterate reproach.

Hale. Locke.

3. To reduce to a very low or imperceptible state.

The torpor of the vascular system and obliterated pulse.

Med. Repos.

Obliterated

OBLIT'ERATED, participle passive Effaced; erased; worn out; destroyed.

Obliterating

OBLIT'ERATING, participle of the present tense Effacing; wearing out; destroying.

Obliteration

OBLITERA'TION, noun The act of effacing; effacement; a blotting out or wearing out; extinction.

Hale.

Oblivion

OBLIV'ION, noun [Latin oblivio.] Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance.

Among our crimes oblivion may be set.

Dryden.

2. A forgetting of offenses, or remission of punishment. An act of oblivion is an amnesty, or general pardon of crimes and offenses, granted by a sovereign, by which punishment is remitted.

Oblivious

OBLIV'IOUS, adjective [Latin obliviosus.] Causing forgetfulness.

Shak.

The oblivious calm of indifference.

J. M. Mason.

Behold the wonders of th' oblivious lake.

Pope.

2. Forgetful.

Cavendish.

Oblocutor

OB'LOCUTOR, noun A gainsayer. [Not in use.]

Bull.

Oblong

OB'LONG, adjective [French from Latin oblongus.] Longer than broad.

Harris.

Oblong

OB'LONG, noun A figure or solid which is longer than it is broad.

Oblongish

OB'LONGISH, adjective Somewhat oblong.

Oblongly

OB'LONGLY, adjective In an oblong form.

Cheyne.

Oblongness

OB'LONGNESS, noun The state of being longer than broad.

Oblong-Ovate

OBLONG-OVATE, adjective In botany, between oblong and ovate, but inclined to the latter.

Martyn.

Obloquious

OBLO'QUIOUS, adjective [See Obloquy.] Containing obloquy; reproachful. [Little used.]

Naunton.

Obloquy

OB'LOQUY, noun [Latin obloquor; ob and loquor, to speak.]

1. Censorious speech; reproachful language; language that casts contempt on men or their actions.

Shall names that made your city the glory of the earth, be mentioned with obloquy and detraction?

Addison.

2. Cause of reproach; disgrace. [Not used.]

Shak.

Obluctation

OBLUCTA'TION, noun [Latin obluctor; ob and luctor, to struggle.]

A struggling or striving against; resistance. [Little used.]

Fotherby.

Obmutescence

OBMUTES'CENCE, noun [Latin obmutesco, to be silent.]

1. Loss of speech; silence.

Brown.

2. A keeping silence.

Paley.

Obnoxious

OBNOX'IOUS, adjective [Latin obnoxius; ob and noxius, hurtful, from noceo.]

1. Subject; answerable.

The writings of lawyers, which are tied and obnoxious to their particular laws.

Bacon.

2. Liable; subject to cognizance or punishment.

We know ourselves obnoxious to God's severe justice.

Calamy.

3. Liable; exposed; as friendship obnoxious to jealousies.

Hayward.

4. Reprehensible; censurable; not approved; as obnoxious authors.

Fell.

5. Odious; hateful; offensive; with to; as, the minister was obnoxious to the whigs.

Obnoxiously

OBNOX'IOUSLY, adverb In a state of subjection or liability.

2. Reprehensibly; odiously; offensively.

Obnoxiousness

OBNOX'IOUSNESS, noun Subjection or liableness to punishment.

Hall.

2. Odiousness; offensiveness. The obnoxiousness of the law rendered the legislature unpopular.

Obnubilate

OBNU'BILATE, verb transitive [Latin obnubilor; ob and nubilo; nubes, mist, cloud.]

To cloud; to obscure.

Burton.

Obnubilation

OBNUBILA'TION, noun The act or operation of making dark or obscure.

Beddoes. Waterhouse.

Obole

OB'OLE, noun [Latin obolus.] In pharmacy, the weight of ten grains or half a scruple.

Encyc.

Obolus

OB'OLUS, noun [Latin from Greek.] A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a drachma, about two cents in value, or a penny farthing sterling.

Obovate

OBO'VATE, adjective In botany, inversely ovate; having the narrow end downward; as an obovate leaf.

Martyn.

Obreption

OBREP'TION, noun [Latin obrepo; ob and repo, to creep.]

The act of creeping on with secrecy or by surprise.

Cudworth.

Obreptitious

OBREPTI'TIOUS, adjective [supra.] Done or obtained by surprise; with secrecy or by concealment of the truth.

Encyc.

Obscene

OBSCE'NE, adjective [French from Latin obscoenus.] Offensive to chastity and delicacy; impure; expressing or presenting to the mind or view something which delicacy, purity and decency forbid to be exposed; as obscene language; obscene pictures.

2. Foul; filthy; offensive; disgusting.

A girdle foul with grease binds his obscene attire.

Dryden.

3. Inauspicious; ill omened.

At the cheerful light,

The groaning ghosts and birds obscene take flight.

Dryden.

Obscenely

OBSCE'NELY, adverb In a manner offensive to chastity or purity; impurely; unchastely.

Milton.

Obsceneness

OBSCE'NENESS, or OBSCEN'ITY, noun [French obscenitÃƒ-©; Latin obscoenitas.]

1. Impurity in expression or representation; that quality in words or things which presents what is offensive to chastity or purity of mind; ribaldry.

Cowley asserts plainly that obscenity has no place in wit.

Dryden.

Those fables were tempered with the Italian severity, and free from any note of infamy or obsceneness.

Dryden.

No pardon vile obscenity should find.

Pope.

2. Unchaste actions; lewdness.

To wash th' obscenities of night away.

Dryden.

Obscuration

OBSCURA'TION, noun [Latin obscuratio.] The act of darkening.

2. The state of being darkened or obscured; as the obscuration of the moon in an eclipse.

Obscure

OBSCU'RE, adjective [Latin obscurus; Italian oscuro.]

1. Dark; destitute of light.

Whoso curseth his father or mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness.

Proverbs 20.

2. Living in darkness; as the obscure bird.

Shak.

3. Not easily understood; not obviously intelligible; abstruse; as an obscure passage in a writing.

Dryden.

4. Not much known or observed; retired; remote from observation; as an obscure retreat.

5. Not noted; unknown; unnoticed; humble; mean; as an obscure person; a person of obscure birth.

Atterbury.

6. Not easily legible; as an obscure inscription.

7. Not clear, full or distinct; imperfect; as an obscure view of remote objects.

Obscure

OBSCU'RE, verb transitive [Latin obscuro.] To darken; to make dark. The shadow of the earth obscures the moon, and the body of the moon obscures the sun, in an eclipse.

2. To cloud; to make partially dark. Thick clouds obscure the day.

3. To hide from the view; as, clouds obscure the sun.

4. To make less visible.

Why, 'tis an office of discovery, love,

And I should be obscured.

Shak.

5. To make less legible; as, time has obscured the writing.

6. To make less intelligible.

There is scarce any duty which has been so obscured by the writings of the learned as this.

Wake.

7. To make less glorious, beautiful or illustrious.

Ã‚--And see'st not sin obscures thy godlike frame?

Dryden.

8. To conceal; to make unknown.

Milton.

9. To tarnish; as, to obscure brightness.

Obscurely

OBSCU'RELY, adverb Darkly; not clearly; imperfectly; as an object obscurely seen; obscurely visible.

2. Out of sight; in a state not to be noticed; privately; in retirement; not conspicuously.

There live retired,

Content thyself to be obscurely good.

Addison.

3. Not clearly; not plainly to the mind; darkly; as future events obscurely revealed.

4. Not plainly; indirectly; by hints or allusion.

Obscureness

OBSCU'RENESS, or OBSCU'RITY, noun [Latin obscuritas.] Darkness; want of light.

We wait for light, but behold obscurity. Isaiah 59.

2. A state of retirement from the world; a state of being unnoticed; privacy.

You are not for obscurity designed.

Dryden.

3. Darkness of meaning; unintelligibleness; as the obscurity of writings or of a particular passage.

4. Illegibleness; as the obscurity of letters or of an inscription.

5. A state of being unknown to fame; humble condition; as the obscurity of birth or parentage.

Obsecrate

OB'SECRATE, verb transitive [Latin obsecro.] To beseech; to intreat; to supplicate; to pray earnestly.

Cockeram.

Obsecration

OBSECRA'TION, noun Intreaty; supplication.

Stillingfleet.

2. A figure of rhetoric, in which the orator implores the assistance of God or man.

Encyc.

Obsequent

OB'SEQUENT, adjective [Latin obsequens.] Obedient; submissive to. [Little used.]

Fotherby.

Obsequies

OB'SEQUIES, n. plu. [French obsÃƒ-¨ques, from Latin obsequium, complaisance, from obsequor, to follow.]

Funeral rites and solemnities; the last duties performed to a deceased person.

Dryden.

[Milton uses the word in the singular, but the common usage is different.]

Obsequious

OBSE'QUIOUS, adjective [from Latin obsequium, complaisance, from obsequor, to follow; ob and sequor.]

1. Promptly obedient or submissive to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of others, properly to the will or command of a superior, but in actual use, it often signifies yielding to the will or desires of such as have no right to control.

His servants weeping,

Obsequious to his orders, bear him hither.

Addison.

2. Servilely or meanly condescending; compliant to excess; as an obsequious flatterer, minion or parasite.

3. Funereal; pertaining to funeral rites. [Not used.]

Shak.

Obsequiously

OBSE'QUIOUSLY, adverb With ready obedience; with prompt compliance.

They rise and with respectful awe,

At the word given, obsequiously withdraw.

Dryden.

2. With reverence for the dead. [Not used.]

Shak.

Obsequiousness

OBSE'QUIOUSNESS, noun Ready obedience; prompt compliance with the orders of a superior.

2. Servile submission; mean or excessive complaisance.

They apply themselves both to his interest and humor, with all the arts of flattery and obsequiousness.

South.

Observable

OBSERV'ABLE, adjective s as z. [See Observe.]

1. That may be observed or noticed.

2. Worthy of observation or of particular notice; remarkable.

I took a just account of every observable circumstance of the earth, stone, metal or other matter.

Woodward.

Observably

OBSERV'ABLY, adverb s as z. In a manner worthy of note.

Brown.

Observance

OBSERV'ANCE, noun s as z. [French See Observe.]

1. The act of observing; the act of keeping or adhering to in practice; performance; as the observance of rules, rites, ceremonies or laws.

Love rigid honesty,

And strict observance of impartial laws.

Roscommon.

2. Respect; ceremonial reverence in practice.

To do observance on the morn of May.

Shak.

3. Performance of rites, religious ceremonies or external service.

Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting in a few easy observances.

Rogers.

4. Rule of practice; thing to be observed.

Shak.

5. Observation; attention to. [Little used.]

Hale.

6. Obedient regard or attention.

Having had experience of his fidelity and observance abroad. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Observanda

OBSERVAND'A, n. plu. s as z. [Latin] Things to be observed.

Swift.

Observant

OBSERV'ANT, adjective s as z. Taking notice; attentively viewing or noticing; as an observant spectator or traveler.

2. Obedient; adhering to in practice; with of. He is very observant of the rules of his order.

We are told how observant Alexander was of his master Aristotle.

Digby.

3. Carefully attentive; submissive.

Raleigh.

Observant

OBSERV'ANT, noun s as z. A slavish attendant. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. A diligent observer.

Hooker.

Observation

OBSERVA'TION, noun s as z. [Latin observatio. See Observe.]

1. The act of observing or taking notice; the act of seeing or of fixing the mind on any thing. We apply the word to simple vision, as when one says, a spot on the sun's disk did not fall under his observation; or to the notice or cognizance of the mind, as when one says, the distinction made by the orator escaped his observation. When however it expresses vision, it often represents a more fixed or particular view than a mere transient sight; as an astronomical observation.

2. Notion gained by observing; the effect or result of seeing or taking cognizance in the mind, and either retained in the mind or expressed in words; inference or something arising out of the act of seeing or noticing, or that which is produced by thinking and reflecting on a subject; note; remark; animadversion. We often say, I made the observation in my own mind; but properly an observation is that which is expressed as the result of viewing or of thinking.

In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage by making wise observations on our conduct.

Watts.

3. Observance; adherence to in practice; performance of what is prescribed.

He freed the christian church from the external observation and obedience of legal precepts not formally moral.

White.

4. In navigation, the taking of the altitude of the sun or a star in order to find the latitude.

Encyc.

Observator

OBSERVA'TOR, n. s as z. [French observateur.]

1. One that observes or takes notice.

Hale.

2. A remarker.

Dryden.

Observatory

OBSERV'ATORY, n. s as z. [French observatoire.]

A place or building for making observations on the heavenly bodies; as the royal observatory at Greenwich.

Observe

OBSERVE, v. t. obzerv'. [Latin observo; ob and servo, to keep or hold. The sense is to hold in view, or to keep the eyes on. See Class Sr. No. 34. 38. 45. and Class Dr. No. 32.]

1. To see or behold with some attention; to notice; as, to observe a halo round the moon; I observed a singular phenomenon; we observe strangers or their dress. I saw the figure, but observed nothing peculiar in it.

2. To take notice or cognizance of by the intellect. We observe nice distinctions in arguments, or a peculiar delicacy of thought.

3. To utter or express, as a remark, opinion or sentiment; to remark. He observed that no man appears great to his domestics.

4. To keep religiously; to celebrate.

A night to be much observed to the Lord. Exodus 12.

Ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Exodus 12.

Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years. Galatians 4.

5. To keep or adhere to in practice; to comply with; to obey; as, to observe the laws of the state; to observe the rules and regulations of a society.

Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. Matthew 28.

6. To practice.

In the days of Enoch, the people observed not circumcision or the sabbath.

White.

Observe

OBSERVE, v. i. obzerv'. To remark. I have heard the gentleman's arguments, and shall hereafter observe upon them.

2. To be attentive.

Observed

OBSERV'ED, pp. s as z. Noticed by the eye or the mind.

2. Kept religiously; celebrated; practiced.

Observer

OBSERV'ER, n. s as z. One who observes; one that takes notice; particularly, one who looks to with care, attention or vigilance.

Careful observers may foretell the hour,

By sure prognostic, when to dread a shower.

Swift.

Creditors are great observers of set days and times.

Franklin.

2. A beholder; a looker on; a spectator.

South.

3. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation or rite; one who adheres to any thing in practice; one who performs; as a great observer of forms; an observer of old customs.

Bacon.

4. One who fulfills or performs; as, he is a strict observer of his word or promise.

Prior.

5. One who keeps religiously; as an observer of the sabbath.

Atterbury.

Observing

OBSERV'ING, ppr. s as z. Taking notice by the eye or the intellect.

2. Remarking.

3. Keeping; adhering to in practice; fulfilling.

4. adjective Giving particular attention; habitually taking notice; attentive to what passes. He is an observing man.

Observingly

OBSERV'INGLY, adv. s as z. Attentively; carefully; with close observation.

Shak.

Obsess

OBSESS', verb transitive [Latin obsideo, obsessus; ob and sedeo, to sit.] To besiege. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Obsession

OBSESS'ION, noun [Latin obsessio.] The act of besieging; the first attack of Satan antecedent to possession. [Little used.]

Burton.

Obsidian

OBSID'IAN, noun A mineral of two kinds, translucent and transparent. The translucent has a velvet black color; the transparent is of a dark blue. These occur massive in porphyry, gneiss or granite, generally invested with a gray opake crust.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure. Kirwan.

The fracture of obsidian is vitreous or pearly; hence the two varieties, vitreous obsidian and pearlstone.

Jameson.

Obsidional

OBSID'IONAL, adjective [Latin obsidionalis; ob and sedeo, to sit.] Pertaining to a siege.

Brown.

Obsignate

OB'SIGNATE, verb transitive [Latin obsigno; ob and signo, to seal.] To seal up; to ratify. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Obsignation

OBSIGNA'TION, noun The act of sealing; ratification by sealing; confirmation.

Taylor.

Obsignatory

OBSIG'NATORY, adjective Ratifying; confirming by sealing.

Ward.

Obsolescent

OBSOLES'CENT, adjective [Latin obsolesco, to go out of use.]

Going out of use; passing into desuetude.

All the words compounded of here and a preposition, except hereafter, are obsolete or obsolescent.

Campbell.

Obsolete

OBSOLE'TE, adjective [Latin obsoletus.] Gone into disuse; disused; neglected; as an obsolete word; an obsolete statute; applied chiefly to words or writings.

Dryden. Swift.

2. In botany, obscure; not very distinct.

Eaton.

Obsoleteness

OBSOLE'TENESS, noun The state of being neglected in use; a state of desuetude.

Johnson.

2. In botany, indistinctness.

Obstacle

OB'STACLE, noun [French from Latin obsto, to withstand; ob and sto.]

That which opposes; any thing that stands in the way and hinders progress; hinderance; obstruction, either in a physical or moral sense. An army may meet with obstacles on its march; bad roads are obstacles to traveling; prejudice is an obstacle to improvement; want of union is often an insuperable obstacle to beneficial measures.

Obstancy

OB'STANCY, noun [Latin obstantia; ob and sto.] Opposition; impediment; obstruction. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Obstetric

OBSTET'RIC, adjective [Latin obstetrix, a midwife; ob and sto, to stand before.]

Pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; as the obstetric art.

Obstetricate

OBSTET'RICATE, verb intransitive [See Obstetric.] To perform the office of a midwife. [Little used.]

Evelyn.

Obstetricate

OBSTET'RICATE, verb transitive To assist as a midwife. [Little used.]

Waterhouse.

Obstetrication

OBSTETRICA'TION, noun The act of assisting as a midwife.

2. The office of a midwife.

Hall.

Obstetrician

OBSTETRI'CIAN, noun One skilled in the art of assisting women in parturition.

Med. Repos.

Obstetrics

OBSTET'RICS, noun The art of assisting women in parturition; midwifery.

Encyc.

Obstinacy

OB'STINACY, noun [Latin obstinatio, from obsto, to stand against, to oppose; ob and sto.]

1. A fixedness in opinion or resolution that cannot be shaken at all, or not without great difficulty; firm and usually unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose or system; a fixedness that will not yield to persuasion, arguments or other means. Obstinacy may not always convey the idea of unreasonable or unjustifiable firmness; as when we say, soldiers fight with obstinacy. But often, and perhaps usually, the word denotes a fixedness of resolution which is not to be vindicated under the circumstances; stubbornness; pertinacity; persistency.

2. Fixedness that will not yield to application, or that yields with difficulty; as the obstinacy of a disease or evil.

Obstinate

OB'STINATE, adjective [Latin obstinatus.] Stubborn; pertinaciously adhering to an opinion or purpose; fixed firmly in resolution; not yielding to reason, arguments or other means.

I have known great cures done by obstinate resolutions of drinking no wine.

Temple.

No ass so meek, no ass so obstinate.

Pope.

2. Not yielding or not easily subdued or removed; as an obstinate fever; obstinate obstructions; an obstinate cough.

Obstinately

OB'STINATELY, adverb Stubbornly; pertinaciously; with fixedness of purpose not to be shaken, or not without difficulty; as a sinner obstinately bent on his own destruction.

Inflexible to ill and obstinately just.

Addison.

Obstinateness

OB'STINATENESS, noun Stubbornness; pertinacity in opinion or purpose; fixed determination.

Hall.

Obstipation

OBSTIPA'TION, noun [Latin obstipo; ob and stipo, to crowd.

1. The act of stopping up; as a passage.

2. In medicine, costiveness.

Obstreperous

OBSTREP'EROUS, adjective [Latin obstreperus, from obstrepo, to roar; ob and strepo.]

Loud; noisy; clamorous; vociferous; making a tumultuous noise.

The players do not only connive at his obstreperous approbation, but repair at their own cost whatever damages he makes.

Addison.

Obstreperously

OBSTREP'EROUSLY, adverb Loudly; clamorously; with tumultuous noise.

Obstreperousness

OBSTREP'EROUSNESS, noun Loudness; clamor; noisy turbulence.

Obstriction

OBSTRIC'TION, noun [Latin obstrictus, obstringo; ob and stringo, to strain.]

Obligation; bond.

Milton.

Obstruct

OBSTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin obstruo; ob and struo, to set.]

1. To block up; to stop up or close; as a way or passage; to fill with obstacles or impediments that prevent passing; as, to obstruct a road, highway or channel; to obstruct the canals or fine vessels of the body.

2. To stop; to impede; to hinder in passing; as, the bar at the mouth of the river obstructs the entrance of ships; clouds obstruct the light of the sun.

3. To retard; to interrupt; to render slow. Progress is often obstructed by difficulties, though not entirely stopped.

Obstructed

OBSTRUCT'ED, participle passive Blocked up; stopped; as a passage.

2. Hindered; impeded; as progress.

3. Retarded; interrupted.

Obstructer

OBSTRUCT'ER, noun One that obstructs or hinders.

Obstructing

OBSTRUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Blocking up; stopping; impeding; interrupting.

Obstruction

OBSTRUC'TION, noun [Latin obstructio.] The act of obstructing.

2. Obstacle; impediment; any thing that stops or closes a way or channel. Bars of sand at the mouths of rivers are often obstructions to navigation.

3. That which impedes progress; hinderance. Disunion and party spirit are often obstructions to legislative measures and to public prosperity.

4. A heap. [Not proper.]

Shak.

Obstructive

OBSTRUCT'IVE, adjective [French obstructif; Italian osstruttivo.]

Presenting obstacles; hindering; causing impediment.

Hammond.

Obstructive

OBSTRUCT'IVE, noun Obstacle; impediment. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Obstruent

OB'STRUENT, adjective [L obstruens.] Blocking up; hindering.

Obstruent

OB'STRUENT, noun Any thing that obstructs the natural passages in the body.

Quincy.

Obstupefaction

OBSTUPEFAC'TION, noun [Latin obstupefacio.] The act of making stupid or insensible. [See Stupefaction, which is generally used.]

Obstupefactive

OBSTUPEFAC'TIVE, adjective [Latin obstupefacio.] Stupefying; rendering insensible, torpid or inert. [Little used.] [See Stupefactive.]

Abbot.

Obtain

OBTA'IN, verb transitive [Latin obtineo; ob and teneo, to hold; French obtenir; Italian ottenere.]

1. To get; to gain; to procure; in a general sense, to gain possession of a thing, whether temporary or permanent; to acquire. This word usually implies exertion to get possession, and in this it differs from receive, which may or may not imply exertion. It differs from acquire, as genus from species; acquire being properly applied only to things permanently possessed; but obtain is applied both to things of temporary and of permanent possession. We obtain loans of money on application; we obtain answers to letters; we obtain spirit from liquors by distillation and salts by evaporation. We obtain by seeking; we often receive without seeking. We acquire or obtain a good title to lands by deed, or by a judgment of court; but we do not acquire spirit by distillation; nor do we acquire an answer to a letter or an application.

He shall obtain the kingdom by flatteries. Danish xi.

In whom we have obtained an inheritance. Ephesians 1.

2. To keep; to hold.

Milton.

Obtain

OBTA'IN, verb intransitive To be received in customary or common use; to continue in use; to be established in practice.

The Theodosian code, several hundred years after Justinian's time, obtained in the western parts of the empire.

Baker.

2. To be established; to subsist in nature.

The general laws of fluidity, elasticity and gravity, obtain in animal and inanimate tubes.

Cheyne.

3. To prevail; to succeed. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Obtainable

OBTA'INABLE, adjective That may be obtained; that may be procured or gained.

Arbuthnot. Kettlewell.

Obtained

OBTA'INED, participle passive Gained; procured; acquired.

Obtainer

OBTA'INER, noun One who obtains.

Obtaining

OBTA'INING, participle of the present tense Gaining; procuring; acquiring.

Obtainment

OBTA'INMENT, noun The act of obtaining.

Milton.

Obtend

OBTEND', verb transitive [Latin obtendo; ob and tendo; literally, to stretch against or before.]

1. To oppose; to hold out in opposition.

Dryden.

2. To pretend; to offer as the reason of any thing. [Not used.]

Dryden.

[This word is rarely used.]

Obtenebration

OBTENEBRA'TION, noun [from Latin ob and tenebroe, darkness.]

A darkening; act of darkening; darkness.

In every megrim or vertigo there is an obtenebration joined with a semblance of turning round. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Obtension

OBTEN'SION, noun The act of obtending. [Not used.]

Obtest

OBTEST', verb transitive [Latin obtestor; ob and testor, to witness.] To beseech; to supplicate. Obtest his clemency.

Dryden.

Obtest

OBTEST', verb intransitive To protest.

Waterhouse.

Obtestation

OBTESTA'TION, noun Supplication; entreaty.

Elyot.

2. Solemn injunction.

Hall.

Obtesting

OBTEST'ING, participle of the present tense Beseeching; supplicating.

Obtrectation

OBTRECTA'TION, noun [Latin obtrectatio, from obtrecto; ob and tracto.]

Slander; detraction; calumny. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Obtrude

OBTRU'DE, verb transitive [Latin obtrudo; ob and trudo, to thrust.]

1. To thrust in or on; to throw, crowd or thrust into any place or state by force or imposition, or without solicitation. Men obtrude their vain speculations upon the world.

A cause of common error is the credulity of men, that is, an easy assent to what is obtruded.

Brown.

The objects of our senses obtrude their particular ideas upon our minds, whether we will or not.

Locke.

2. To offer with unreasonable importunity; to urge upon against the will.

Why shouldst thou then obtrude this diligence

In vain, where no acceptance it can find?

Milton.

To obtrude one's self, to enter a place where one is not desired; to thrust one's self in uninvited, or against the will of the company.

Obtrude

OBTRU'DE, verb intransitive To enter when not invited.

2. To thrust or be thrust upon.

Obtruded

OBTRU'DED, participle passive Thrust in by force or unsolicited.

Obtruder

OBTRU'DER, noun One who obtrudes.

Boyle.

Obtruding

OBTRU'DING, participle of the present tense Thrusting in or on; entering uninvited.

Obtruncate

OBTRUN'CATE, verb transitive [Latin obtrunco; ob and trunco, to cut off.]

To deprive of a limb; to lop. [Little used.]

Cockeram.

Obtruncation

OBTRUNCA'TION, noun The act of lopping or cutting off. [Little used.]

Cockeram.

Obtrusion

OBTRU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin obtrudo, obtrusus.]

The act of obtruding; a thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited; as the obtrusion of crude opinions on the world.

Obtrusive

OBTRU'SIVE, adjective Disposed to obtrude any thing upon others; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self among others, or to enter uninvited.

Not obvious, not obtrusive, but retired,

The more desirable.

Milton.

Obtrusively

OBTRU'SIVELY, adverb By way of obtrusion or thrusting upon others, or entering unsolicited.

Obtund

OBTUND', verb transitive [Latin obtundo; ob and tundo, to beat.]

To dull; to blunt; to quell; to deaden; to reduce the edge, pungency or violent action of any thing; as, to obtund the acrimony of the gall.

Harvey.

Obturation

OBTURA'TION, noun [Latin obturatus, from obturo, to stop up.]

The act of stopping by spreading over or covering.

Obturator

OB'TURATOR, noun In anatomy, the obturators are muscles which rise from the outer and inner side of the pelvis around the foramen thyroideum, and are rotators of the thigh.

Wistar. Coxe.

Obtusangular

OBTUSANG'ULAR, adjective [obtuse and angular.]

Having angles that are obtuse, or larger than right angles.

Obtuse

OBTU'SE, adjective [Latin obtusus, from obtundo, to beat against.]

1. Blunt; not pointed or acute. Applied to angles, it denotes one that is larger than a right angle, or more than ninety degrees.

2. Dull; not having acute sensibility; as obtuse senses.

Milton.

3. Not sharp or shrill; dull; obscure; as obtuse sound.

Obtusely

OBTU'SELY, adverb Without a sharp point.

2. Dully; stupidly.

Obtuseness

OBTU'SENESS, noun Bluntness; as the obtuseness of an edge or a point.

2. Dullness; want of quick sensibility; as the obtuseness of the senses.

3. Dullness of sound.

Obtusion

OBTU'SION, n. s as z. The act of making blunt.

2. The state of being dulled or blunted; as the obtusion of the senses.

Obumbrate

OBUM'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin obumbro; ob and umbra, a shade.]

To shade; to darken; to cloud. [Little used.]

Howell.

Obumbration

OBUMBRA'TION, noun The act of darkening or obscuring.

Obvention

OBVEN'TION, noun [Latin obvenio; ob and venio, to come.]

Something occasional; that which happens not regularly, but incidentally. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Obversant

OBVERS'ANT, adjective [Latin obversans, obversor; ob and versor, to turn.] Conversant; familiar. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Obverse

OBVERSE, a. obvers'. In botany, having the base narrower than the top; as a leaf.

Obverse

OB'VERSE, noun The face of a coin; opposed to reverse.

Obvert

OBVERT', verb transitive [Latin obverto; ob and verto, to turn.] To turn towards.

Watts.

Obverted

OBVERT'ED, participle passive Turned towards.

Obverting

OBVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning towards.

Obviate

OB'VIATE, verb transitive [French obvier; Italian ovviare; Spanish obviar; from Latin obvius; ob and via, way.]

Properly, to meet in the way; to oppose; hence, to prevent by interception, or to remove at the beginning or in the outset; hence in present usage, to remove in general, as difficulties or objections; to clear the way of obstacles in reasoning, deliberating or planning.

To lay down every thing in its full light, so as to obviate all exceptions.

Woodward.

Obviated

OB'VIATED, participle passive Removed, as objections or difficulties.

Obviating

OB'VIATING, participle of the present tense Removing, as objections in reasoning or planning.

Obvious

OB'VIOUS, adjective [Latin obvius. See the Verb.]

1. Meeting; opposed in front.

I to the evil turn

My obvious breast. [Not now used.]

Milton.

2. Open; exposed. [Little used.]

Milton.

3. Plain; evident; easily discovered, seen or understood; readily perceived by the eye or the intellect. We say, a phenomenon obvious to the sight, or a truth obvious to the mind.

Milton. Dryden.

Obviously

OB'VIOUSLY, adverb Evidently; plainly; apparently; manifestly. Men do not always pursue what is obviously their interest.

2. Naturally.

Holyday.

3. Easily to be found.

Selden.

Obviousness

OB'VIOUSNESS, noun State of being plain or evident to the eye or the mind.

Boyle.

Obvolute

OB'VOLUTE, or OB'VOLUTED, adjective [Latin obvolutus, obvolvo; ob and volvo, to roll.] In botany, obvolute foliation is when the margins of the leaves alternately embrace the straight margin of the opposite leaf.

Martyn.

Occasion

OCCA'SION, n. s as z. [Latin occasio, from occido, to fall; ob and cado.]

1. Properly, a falling, happening or coming to; an occurrence, casualty, incident; something distinct from the ordinary course or regular order of things.

Hooker.

2. Opportunity; convenience; favorable time, season or circumstances.

I'll take th' occasion which he gives to bring

Him to his death.

Waller.

Use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh. Galatians 5.

Sin taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me. Romans 7.

3. Accidental cause; incident, event or fact giving rise to something else. What was the occasion of this custom?

Her beauty was the occasion of the war.

Dryden.

4. Incidental need; casual exigency; opportunity accompanied with need or demand. So we say, we have occasion for all our resources. We have frequent occasions for assisting each other.

The ancient canons were well fitted for the occasion of the church in its purer ages.

Baker.

My occasions have found time to use them toward a supply of money.

Shak.

Occasion

OCCA'SION, verb transitive [French occasionner.] To cause incidentally; to cause; to produce.

The expectation of war occasions a depression in the price of stocks. Consumptions are often occasioned by colds. Indigestion occasions pain in the head. Heat occasions lassitude.

2. To influence; to cause.

If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modesÃ‚--

Locke.

Occasionable

OCCA'SIONABLE, a. s as z. That may be caused or occasioned. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Occasional

OCCA'SIONAL, a. s as z. [French occasionnel.]

1. Incidental; casual; occurring at times, but not regular or systematic; made or happening as opportunity requires or admits. We make occasional remarks on the events of the age.

2. Produced by accident; as the occasional origin of a thing.

Brown.

3. Produced or made on some special event; as an occasional discourse.

Occasionally

OCCA'SIONALLY, adv. s as z. According to incidental exigence; at times, as convenience requires or opportunity offers; not regularly. He was occasionally present at our meetings. We have occasionally lent our aid.

Occasioned

OCCA'SIONED, pp. s as z. Caused incidentally; caused; produced.

Occasioner

OCCA'SIONER, n. s as z. One that causes or produces, either incidentally or otherwise.

He was the occasioner of loss to his neighbor.

Sanderson.

Occasioning

OCCA'SIONING, ppr. s as z. Causing incidentally or otherwise.

Occasive

OCCA'SIVE, adjective Falling; descending; western; pertaining to the setting sun.

Amplitude is ortive or occasive.

Encyc.

Occecation

OCCECA'TION, noun [Latin occoecatio; ob and coeco, to blind.]

The act of making blind. [Little used.]

Sanderson.

Occident

OC'CIDENT, noun [Latin occidens, occido, to fall; ob and cado.]

The west; the western quarter of the hemisphere; so called from the decline or fall of the sun.

Encyc.

Occidental

OCCIDENT'AL, adjective [Latin occidentalis.] Western; opposed to oriental; pertaining to the western quarter of the hemisphere, or to some part of the earth westward of the speaker or spectator; as occidental climates; occidental pearl; occidental gold.

Encyc. Howell.

Occiduous

OCCID'UOUS, adjective [Latin occido, occiduus.] Western. [Little used.]

Occipital

OCCIP'ITAL, adjective [from Latin occiput, the back part of the head; ob and caput.]

Pertaining to the back part of the head, or to the occiput.

Occiput

OC'CIPUT, noun [L ob and caput, head.] The hinder part of the head, or that part of the skull which forms the hind part of the head.

Occision

OCCIS'ION, n. s as z. [Latin occisio, from occido, to kill; ob and coedo.]

A killing; the act of killing. [Not used.]

Hall.

Occlude

OCCLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin occludo; ob and cludo, claudo, to shut.]

To shut up; to close. [Little used.]

Brown.

Occluse

OCCLU'SE, adjective [Latin occlusus.] Shut; closed. [Little used.]

Holder.

Occlusion

OCCLU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin occlusio.] A shutting up; a closing.

Howell.

[This is an elegant word, though little used.]

Occult

OCCULT', adjective [Latin occultus, occulo; ob and celo, to conceal.]

Hidden from the eye or understanding; invisible; secret; unknown; undiscovered; undetected; as the occult qualities of matter.

Newton.

The occult sciences are magic, necromancy, &c.

Occult lines, in geometry, are such as are drawn with the compasses or a pencil, and are scarcely visible.

Encyc.

Occultation

OCCULTA'TION, noun [Latin occultatio.] A hiding; also, the time a star or planet is hid from our sight, when eclipsed by the interposition of the body of a planet.

Encyc.

2. In astronomy, the hiding of a star or planet from our sight, by passing behind some other of the heavenly bodies.

Occulted

OCCULT'ED, adjective Hid; secret. [Not used.]

Shak.

Occultness

OCCULT'NESS, noun The state of being concealed from view; secretness.

Occupancy

OC'CUPANCY, noun [Latin occupo, to take or seize; ob and capio, to seize.]

1. The act of taking possession.

2. In law, the taking possession of a thing not belonging to any person. The person who first takes possession of land is said to have or hold it by right of occupancy.

Occupancy gave the original right to the property in the substance of the earth itself.

Blackstone.

Occupant

OC'CUPANT, noun He that occupies or takes possession; he that has possession.

3. In law, one that first takes possession of that which has no legal owner. The right of property, either in wild beasts and fowls, or in land belonging to no person, vests in the first occupant. The property in these cases follows the possession.

Occupate

OC'CUPATE, verb transitive [Latin occupo.] To hold; to possess; to take up. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Occupation

OCCUPA'TION, noun [Latin occupatio.] The act of taking possession.

Bacon.

2. Possession; a holding or keeping; tenure; use; as lands in the occupation of AB.

3. That which engages the time and attention; employment; business. He devotes to study all the time that his other occupations will permit.

4. The principal business of one's life; vocation; calling; trade; the business which a man follows to procure a living or obtain wealth. Agriculture, manufactures and commerce furnish the most general occupations of life. Painting, statuary, music, are agreeable occupations. Men not engaged in some useful occupation commonly fall into vicious courses.

Occupier

OC'CUPIER, noun One that occupies or takes possession.

Raleigh.

2. One who holds possession.

3. One who follows an employment. Ezekiel 27.

Occupy

OC'CUPY, verb transitive [Latin occupo; ob and capio, to seize or take.]

1. To take possession. The person who first occupies land which has no owner, has the right of property.

2. To keep in possession; to possess; to hold or keep for use. The tenant occupies a farm under a lease of twenty one years. A lodger occupies an apartment; a man occupies the chair in which he sits.

3. To take up; to possess; to cover or fill. The camp occupies five acres of ground. Air may be so rarefied as to occupy a vast space. The writing occupies a sheet of paper, or it occupies five lines only.

4. To employ; to use.

The archbishop may have occasion to occupy more chaplains than six.

Statute.

5. To employ; to busy one's self. Every man should be occupied, or should occupy himself, in some useful labor.

6. To follow, as business.

All the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise. Ezekiel 27.

7. To use; to expend.

All the gold that was occupied for the workÃ‚-- Exodus 38. [Not now in use.]

Occupy

OC'CUPY, verb intransitive To follow business; to negotiate.

Occupy till I come. Luke 19.

Occupying

OC'CUPYING, participle of the present tense Taking or keeping possession; employing.

Occur

OCCUR', verb intransitive [Latin occurro; ob and curro, to run.]

1. Primarily, to meet; to strike against; to clash; and so used by Bentley, but this application is obsolete.

2. To meet or come to the mind; to be presented to the mind; imagination or memory. We say, no better plan occurs to me or to my mind; it does not occur to my recollection; the thought did not occur to me.

There doth not occur to me any use of this experiment for profit.

Bacon.

3. To appear; to meet the eye; to be found here and there. This word occurs in twenty places in the Scriptures; the other word does not occur in a single place; it does not occur in the sense suggested.

4. To oppose; to obviate. [Not used.]

Bentley.

Occurrence

OCCUR'RENCE, noun [French] Literally, a coming or happening; hence, any incident or accidental event; that which happens without being designed or expected; any single event. We speak of an unusual occurrence, or of the ordinary occurrences of life.

2. Occasional presentation.

Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual occurrence and expectation of something new.

Watts.

Occurrent

OCCUR'RENT, noun Incident; any thing that happens. Obs.

Bacon.

Occursion

OCCUR'SION, noun [Latin occursio, from occurro, to meet.] A meeting of bodies; a clash.

Boyle.

Ocean

OCEAN, n. o'shun. [Latin oceanus; Greek; French ocean; Irish ocein, aigein; Welsh eigiawn, aig or eigion. In Welsh, the word is rendered the great source, the middle, the abyss or great deep, and is allied in orthography to eigian, force, or a forcing out, a producing; eigiaw, to bring forth, from aig, what brings forth, the female, the womb, the sea, a shoal of fishes, a flock or herd. Bochart cites many authorities to prove that the ancients understood the ocean to encompass the earth, and he supposes it to be derived from the Hebrew Chaldee Syriac hog, to encompass, whence a circle. This is probably an error. The word seems to have for its origin greatness or extent.]

1. The vast body of water which covers more than three fifths of the surface of the globe, called also the sea, or great sea. It is customary to speak of the ocean as if divided into three parts, the Atlantic ocean, the Pacific ocean, and the Indian ocean; but the ocean is one mass or body, partially separated by the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa on one side, and by America on the other.

2. An immense expanse; as the boundless ocean of eternity; oceans of duration and space.

Locke.

Ocean

OCEAN, a. o'shun. Pertaining to the main or great sea; as the ocean wave; ocean stream.

Milton.

Oceanic

OCEANIC, a. oshean'ic. Pertaining to the ocean.

Cook.

Ocellated

O'CELLATED, adjective [Latin ocellatus, from ocellus, a little eye.]

1. Resembling an eye.

Derham.

2. Formed with the figures of little eyes.

Ocelot

O'CELOT, noun The Mexican panther.

Ocher

O'CHER, noun [French ocre; Latin ochra; Greek, from, pale.]

A variety of clay deeply colored by the oxyd of iron. Its most common colors are red, yellow and brown. It is used as a pigment.

Ocherous

O'CHEROUS, adjective Consisting of ocher; as ocherous matter.

2. Resembling ocher; as an ocherous color.

Ochimy

OCH'IMY, noun [corrupted from alchimy.] A mixed base metal.

Johnson. Todd.

Ochlocracy

OCHLOC'RACY, noun [Greek; the people or a multitude, and, to govern.]

A form of government in which the multitude or common people rule.

Encyc. Jones.

Ochrey

O'CHREY, adjective Partaking of ocher. [Not used.]

Woodward.

Ochroits

OCH'ROITS, noun Cerite.

Ocra

O'CRA, noun A viscous vegetable substance in the Welsh Indies, used in soups, &c.

Encyc.

It is obtained by boiling the green pods of the Hibiscus esculentus. Also, the name of the plant itself.

Octachord

OC'TACHORD, noun An instrument or system of eight sounds.

Busby.

Octagon

OC'TAGON, noun [Greek, eight, and, angle.]

1. In geometry, a figure of eight sides and eight angles. When the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular octagon which may be inscribed in a circle.

Harris. Encyc.

2. In fortification, a place with eight bastions.

Encyc.

Octagonal

OCTAG'ONAL, adjective Having eight sides and eight angles.

Octahedral

OCTAHE'DRAL, adjective [See Octahedron.] Having eight equal sides.

Octahedrite

OCTAHE'DRITE, noun Pyramidical ore of titanium.

Ure.

Octahedron

OCTAHE'DRON, noun [Greek, eight, and, a base.]

In geometry, a solid contained by eight equal and equilateral triangles. It is one of the five regular bodies.

Encyc.

Octander

OCTAN'DER, noun [Greek, eight, and, a male.] In botany, a plant having eight stamens.

Octandrian

OCTAN'DRIAN, adjective Having eight stamens.

Octangular

OCTAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and angular.] Having eight angles.

Octant

OC'TANT, noun [Latin octans, an eighth part, from octo, eight.]

In astronomy, that aspect of two planets in which they are distant from each other the eighth part of a circle or 45Ã‚-°

Encyc.

Octave

OC'TAVE, adjective [infra.] Denoting eight.

Dryden.

Octave

OC'TAVE, noun [French from Latin octavus, eighth.]

1. The eighth day after a festival.

Johnson.

2. Eight days together after a festival.

Ainsworth.

3. In music, an eighth, or an interval of seven degrees or twelve semitones. The octave is the most perfect of the chords, consisting of six full tones and two semitones major. It contains the whole diatonic scale.

Encyc.

Octavo

OCTA'VO, noun [Latin octavus, eighth.] A book in which a sheet is folded into eight leaves. The word is used as a noun or an adjective. We say, an octavo, or an octavo volume. The true phrase is, a book in octavo.

Octennial

OCTEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and annus, year.]

1. Happening every eighth year.

2. Lasting eight years.

Octile

OC'TILE, noun The same as octant, supra.

October

OCTO'BER, noun [Latin from octo, eighth; the eighth month of the primitive Roman year which began in March.]

The tenth month of the year in our calendar, which follows that of Numa and Julius Cesar.

Octodecimal

OCTODEC'IMAL, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and decem, ten.]

In crystalography, designating a crystal whose prisms, or the middle part, has eight faces, and the two summits together ten faces.

Octodentate

OCTODEN'TATE, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and dentatus, toothed.] Having eight teeth.

Octofid

OC'TOFID, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and findo, to cleave.]

In botany, cleft or separated into eight segments; as a calyx.

Martyn.

Octogenary

OC'TOGENARY, adjective [Latin octogenarius, from octogeni, eighty.] Of eighty years of age.

Octogenary

OC'TOGENARY, noun A person eighty years of age.

J. Adams.

Octolocular

OCTOLOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and locus, place.] In botany, having eight cells for seeds.

Octonary

OC'TONARY, adjective [Latin octonarius.] Belonging to the number eight.

Octonocular

OCTONOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and oculus, eye.] Having eight eyes.

Derham.

Octopetalous

OCTOPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, eight, and, a petal.] Having eight petals or flower-leaves.

Dict.

Octoradiated

OCTORA'DIATED, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and radius, ray.] Having eight rays.

Octospermous

OCTOSPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, eight, and, seed.] Containing eight seeds.

Octostyle

OC'TOSTYLE, noun [Greek, eight, and, style.]

In ancient architecture, the face of an edifice adorned with eight columns, or a range of eight columns.

Encyc.

Octosyllable

OCTOSYL'LABLE, adjective [Latin octo, eight, and syllaba, syllable.] Consisting of eight syllables.

Octuple

OC'TUPLE, adjective [Latin octuplus; octo, eight, and plico, to fold.] Eight-fold.

Dict.

Ocular

OC'ULAR, adjective [French oculaire; Latin ocularius, from oculus, eye.]

Depending on the eye; known by the eye; received by actual sight; as ocular proof; ocular demonstration or evidence.

Ocularly

OC'ULARLY, adverb By the eye, sight or actual view.

Brown.

Oculate

OC'ULATE, adjective [Latin oculatus.] Furnished with eyes; knowing by the eye.

Johnson.

Oculiform

OC'ULIFORM, adjective [Latin oculus, eye, and forma, form.]

In the form of an eye; resembling the eye in form; as an oculiform pebble.

Fourcroy.

Oculist

OC'ULIST, noun [from Latin oculus, the eye.] One skilled in diseases of the eyes, or one who professes to cure them.

Oculus beli, a semi-pellucid gem, a variety of agate of a grayish white color, variegated with yellow, and with a black central nucleus. Its variegations resemble the pupil and iris of the eye.

Encyc.

Oculus cati, cat's eye or asteria, a beautiful gem approaching the nature of the opal, having a bright color which seems to be lodged deep in the stone, and which shifts as it is moved in various directions. It is larger than a pea, and generally of a semicircular form, naturally smooth. It is found in the East and West Indies, and in Europe.

Encyc.

Oculus mundi, otherwise called hydrophane and lapis mutabilis, a precious stone of an opake whitish brown color, but becoming transparent by infusion in an aqueous fluid, and resuming its opacity when dry. It is found in beds over the opals in Hungary, Silesia and Saxony, and over the chalcedonies and agates in Iceland.

Encyc.

Odd

ODD, adjective [Swedish udda, odd, and udd, udde, a point; Danish odd, a point or tip. In Welsh od is notable, singular, and odid, a rarity. In Russian odin or odno is one.]

1. Not even; not divisible into equal numbers; as one, three, five, seven, &c.

Good luck lies in odd numbers.

Shak.

2. Left or remaining after the union, estimate or use of even numbers; or remaining after round numbers or any number specified; as the odd number; the odd man.

Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made, it was destroyed by a deluge.

Burnet.

3. Singular; extraordinary; differing from what is usual; strange; as an odd phenomenon.

Newton.

It sometimes implies dislike or contempt; as an odd fellow.

4. Not noted; unheeded; not taken into the common account.

There are yet missing some few odd lads that you remember not.

Shak.

5. Uncommon; particular.

The odd man to perform all three perfectly is Joannes Sturmius.

Ascham.

6. Uncommon; in appearance improper or not likely to answer the purpose. This is an odd way of doing things.

Locke's Essay would be an odd book for a man to make himself master of, who would get a reputation by his critical writings.

Spectator.

7. Separate from that which is regularly occupied; remaining unemployed. I will take some odd time to do this business. He may do it at odd times.

Oddity

ODD'ITY, noun Singularity; strangeness; as the oddity of dress, manners or shape; oddity of appearance.

2. A singular person; in colloquial language. This man is an oddity.

Oddly

ODD'LY, adverb Not evenly. [Little used.]

2. Strangely; unusually; irregularly; singularly; uncouthly; as oddly dressed; oddly formed.

A figure oddly turned.

Locke.

A black substance lying on the ground very oddly shaped.

Swift.

Oddness

ODD'NESS, noun The state of being not even.

2. Singularity; strangeness; particularity; irregularity; uncouthness; as the oddness of dress or shape; the oddness of an event or accident.

Dryden. Swift.

Odds

ODDS, noun s as z. [It is used both in the singular and plural.]

1. Inequality; excess of either compared with the other; difference in favor of one and against another.

Preeminent by so much odds.

Milton.

In this example, much marks the singular number, and many cannot be used.

Cromwell, with odds of number and of fateÃ‚--

Waller.

All the odds between them has been the different scope given to their understandings to range in.

Locke.

Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the odds lie.

Locke.

There appeared at least four to one odds against them.

Swift.

2. Advantage; superiority.

Hudibras.

3. Quarrel; dispute; debate.

Shak.

It is odds, more likely than the contrary.

It is odds that he will find a shrewd temptation.

South.

At odds, in dispute; at variance; in controversy or quarrel.

That sets us all at odds.

Shak.

Or they must always be at odds.

Swift.

Ode

ODE, noun [Latin ode; Greek.] A short poem or song; a poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem. The ode is of the greater or less kind; the less is characterized by sweetness and ease; the greater by sublimity, rapture and quickness of transition.

Johnson.

Pindar has left Olympic odes, Pythian odes, Nemean odes, and Isthmian odes.

The ode consists of unequal verses in stanzas or strophes.

Busby.

Odious

O'DIOUS, adjective [Latin odiosus, from odi, I hated, hate.]

1. Hateful; deserving hatred. It expresses something less than detestable and abominable; as an odious name; odious vice.

All wickedness is odious.

Sprat.

2. Offensive to the senses; disgusting; as an odious sight; an odious smell.

3. Causing hate; invidious; as, to utter odious truth.

4. Exposed to hatred.

He rendered himself odious to the parliament.

Clarendon.

Odiously

O'DIOUSLY, adverb Hatefully; in a manner to deserve or excite hatred.

Milton.

2. Invidiously; so as to cause hate.

Dryden.

Odiousness

O'DIOUSNESS, noun Hatefulness; the quality that deserves or may excite hatred; as the odiousness of sin.

Wake.

2. The state of being hated. [Not usual.]

Sidney.

Odium

O'DIUM, noun [Latin] Hatred; dislike. This measure brought a general odium on his government.

2. The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness.

She threw the odium of the fact on me.

Dryden.

Odontalgic

ODONTAL'GIC, adjective [Greek, a tooth, and, pain.]

Pertaining to the tooth-ache.

Odontalgic

ODONTAL'GIC, noun A remedy for the tooth-ache.

Odontalgy

ODONTAL'GY, noun Tooth-ache.

Odor

O'DOR, noun [Latin] Smell; scent; fragrance; a sweet or an offensive smell; perfume.

Bacon. Addison.

Odorament

O'DORAMENT, noun [Latin odoramentum.] A perfume; a strong scent.

Burton.

Odorate

O'DORATE, adjective [Latin odoratus.] Scented; having a strong scent, fetid or fragrant.

Bacon.

Odorating

O'DORATING, adjective Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.

Odoriferous

ODORIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin odoriferus; odor and fero, to bear.]

1. Giving scent; diffusing fragrance; fragrant; perfumed; usually, sweet of scent; as odoriferous spices; odoriferous flowers.

2. Bearing scent; as odoriferous gales.

Odoriferousness

ODORIF'EROUSNESS, noun The quality of diffusing scent; fragrance; sweetness of scent.

Odorous

O'DOROUS, adjective Sweet of scent; fragrant.

Spenser. Waller.

Odorousness

O'DOROUSNESS, noun Fragrance; the quality of diffusing scent, or of exciting the sensation of smell.

Oeconomical

OECONOMICAL, or OECONOMY, or OEDEMATOUS, or OESOPHAGUS. [See Economical, Economy, Edematous, Esophagus.]

Oeiliad

OEILIAD, noun [French oeillade, from oeil, the eye.] A glance; a wink. [Not English nor used.]

Shak.

Oer

O'ER, contracted from over, which see.

Of

OF, preposition ov. [Saxon of; German ab; Swedish Icelandic Danish Dutch af; Latin ab, but originally af; Greek. The primary sense is departing, issuing or proceeding from; but this sense has been modified by usage.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed. Lamentations 3.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. "Part of these were slain;" that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, "some of these were slain;" that is, some from or out of the others. "I have known him of old, or of a child;" that is, from old times, from a child. "He is of the race of kings;" that is, descended from kings. "He is of noble blood or birth, or of ignoble origin." "No particle of matter, or no body can move of itself;" that is, by force or strength proceeding from itself, derived from itself.

"The quarrel is not now of fame and tribute, or of wrongs done;" that is, from fame or wrongs, as the cause, and we may render it concerning, about, relating to.

"Of this little he had some to spare;" that is, some from the whole. It may be rendered out of.

"Of all our heroes thou canst boast alone;" that is, thou alone from the number of heroes. This may be rendered among.

"The best of men, the most renowned of all;" that is, the best from the number of men, the most renowned from the whole; denoting primarily separation, like part.

"I was well entertained of the English Consul;" that is, entertained from the Consul; my entertainment was from the Consul. This use is obsolete, and we use by in lieu of it.

"This does of right belong to us;" that is, from right, de jure; our title proceeds from right.

"The chariot was all of cedar;" that is, made from cedar. So we say, made of gold, made of clay; an application corresponding with our modern use of from; manufactured from wool, or from raw materials. Hence we say, cloth consisting of wool. "This is a scheme of his own devising;" that is, from his own devising or device. "If any man minister, let him do it as of the ability which God giveth;" that is, as from the ability, as the source of action.

"Of happy, he is become miserable;" that is, from happy; from being happy, he has passed to being miserable. "Of necessity this must prove ruinous;" that is, from necessity, as the cause or source. "Of a hundred take fifty;" that is, from a hundred, or out of a hundred, from among a hundred.

Of sometimes implies a part or share.

It is a duty to communicate of those blessings we have received.

Franklin.

From is then the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained in off, the same word differently written for distinction. But this sense is appropriately lost in many of its applications; as a man of genius, a man of courage, a man of rare endowments, a fossil of a red color, or of a hexagonal figure. He lost all hope of relief. This is an affair of the cabinet. He is a man of decayed fortune. What is the price of corn? We say that of, in these and similar phrases, denotes property or possession, making of the sign of the genitive or possessive case. These applications, however, all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which proceeds from or is produced by a person, is naturally the property or possession of that person, as the son of John; and this idea of property in the course of time would pass to things not thus produced, but still bearing a relation to another thing. Thus we say, the father of a son, as well as the son of a father. In both senses, other languages also use the same word, as in the French de, de la, and Italian di, dell. Of then has one primary sense, from, departing, issuing, proceeding from or out of, and a derivative sense denoting possession or property.

Off

OFF, a. auf. Most distant; as the off horse in a team.

Off

OFF, adv. auf. From, noting distance. The house is a mile off.

2. From, with the action of removing or separating; as, to take off the hat or cloke. So we say, to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, to peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly off.

3. From, noting separation; as, the match is off.

4. From, noting departure, abatement, remission or a leaving. The fever goes off; the pain goes off.

5. In painting, it denotes projection or relief.

This comes off well and excellent.

Shak.

6. From; away; not towards; as, to look off; opposed to on or toward.

7. On the opposite side of a question.

The questions no way touch upon puritanism, either off or on.

Sanderson.

Off hand. without study or preparation. She plays a tune off hand. He speaks fluently off hand.

Off and on, at one time applying and engaged, then absent or remiss.

To be off, in colloquial language, to depart or to recede from an agreement or design.

To come off, to escape, or to fare in the event.

To get off, to alight; to come down.

2. To make escape.

To go off, to depart; to desert.

2. To take fire; to be discharged; as a gun.

Well off, ill off, badly off, having good or ill success.

Off

OFF, prep. Not on; as, to be off one's legs. He was not off the bed the whole day.

2. Distant from; as about two miles off this town. [Not now used.]

Addison.

Off

OFF, as an exclamation, is a command to depart, either with or without contempt or abhorrence.

Offal

OF'FAL, noun [Dutch afval; af and vallen, to fall; German abfall; Danish affald; Swedish affall; off and fall.]

1. Waste meat; the parts of an animal butchered which are unfit for use or rejected.

Arbuthnot.

2. Carrion; coarse meat.

Milton. Shak.

3. Refuse; that which is thrown away as of no value, or fit only for beasts.

Dryden. Mortimer.

4. Any thing of no value; rubbish.

Shak.

Offend

OFFEND', verb transitive [Latin offendo; ob and fendo, Obs. to strike, hit, meet, or thrust against. We use the simple verb in fend, to fend off, to fence.]

1. To attack; to assail. [Not used.]

Sidney.

2. To displease; to make angry; to affront. It expresses rather less than make angry, and without any modifying word, it is nearly synonymous with displease. We are offended by rudeness, incivility and harsh language. Children offend their parents by disobedience, and parents offend their children by unreasonable austerity or restraint.

The emperor was grievously offended with them who had kept such negligent watch.

Knolles.

A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. Proverbs 18.

3. To shock; to wound; as, to offend the conscience.

Law.

4. To pain; to annoy; to injure; as, a strong light offends weak eyes.

5. To transgress; to violate; as, to offend the laws. But we generally use the intransitive verb in this sense, with against; to offend against the law.

6. To disturb, annoy, or cause to fall or stumble.

Great peace have they that love thy law, and nothing shall offend them. Psalm 119.

7. To draw to evil, or hinder in obedience; to cause to sin or neglect duty.

If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it outÃ‚--if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matthew 5.

Offend

OFFEND', verb intransitive To transgress the moral or divine law; to sin; to commit a crime.

Whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, is guilty of all. James 2.

In many things we offend all. James 3.

2. To cause dislike or anger.

I shall offend, either to detain or to give it.

Shak.

But this phrase is really elliptical, some person being understood.

3. To be scandalized; to be stumbled.

If meat make my brother to offendÃ‚-- 1 Corinthians 8.

To offend against, to act injuriously or unjustly.

Nor yet against Cesar have I offended any thing at all. Acts 25.

2. To transgress; to violate; as, to offend against the laws of society, the laws of God, or the rules of civility or propriety.

We have offended against the Lord already. 2 Chronicles 28.

Offended

OFFEND'ED, participle passive Displeased.

Offender

OFFEND'ER, noun One that offends; one that violates any law, divine or human; a criminal; a trespasser; a transgressor; one that does an injury. The man who robs, steals, or commits an assault, is an offender.

Offending

OFFEND'ING, participle of the present tense Displeasing; making angry; causing to stumble; committing sin.

Offendress

OFFEND'RESS, noun A female that offends.

Shak.

Offense

OFFENSE, n. offens'. [Latin offensus, offensa; Italian offesa; Spanish ofensa; French offence.]

1. Displeasure; anger, or moderate anger. He gave them just cause of offense. He took offense.

2. Scandal; cause of stumbling. Christ is called a stone of stumbling and rock of offense to both the houses of Israel. Psalm 8.

3. Any transgression of law, divine or human; a crime; sin; act of wickedness or omission of duty.

Christ was delivered for our offenses, and raised again for our justification. Romans 4.

4. An injury.

I have given my opinion against the authority of two great men, but I hope without offens to their memories.

Dryden.

5. Attack; assault; as a weapon of offense.

Richardson.

6. Impediment. Matthew 16.

Offenseful

OFFENSEFUL, a. offens'ful. Giving displeasure; injurious. [Not used.]

Shak.

Offenseless

OFFENSELESS, a. offens'less. Unoffending; innocent; inoffensive.

Milton.

Offensive

OFFENS'IVE, adjective [French offensif; Italian offensivo; Spanish ofensivo.]

1. Causing displeasure or some degree of anger; displeasing. All sin is offensive to God. Rude behavior is offensive to men. Good breeding forbids us to use offensive words.

2. Disgusting; giving pain or unpleasant sensations; disagreeable; as an offensive taste or smell; an offensive sight. Discordant sounds are offensive to the ears.

3. Injurious.

It is an excellent opener for the liver, but offensive to the stomach.

Bacon.

4. Assailant; used in attack; opposed to defensive; as an offensive weapon or engine.

Wilkins.

5. Assailant; invading; making the first attack; opposed to defensive; as an offensive war.

A league offensive and defensive, is one that requires both or all parties to make war together against a nation, and each party to defend the other in case of being attacked.

Offensive

OFFENS'IVE, noun The part of attacking; as, to act on the offensive.

Offensively

OFFENS'IVELY, adverb In a manner to give displeasure; as language offensively harsh or sarcastic.

2. Injuriously; mischievously.

Hooker.

3. By way of invasion or first attack. The enemy was not in a condition to act offensively.

4. Unpleasantly to the senses.

Offensiveness

OFFENS'IVENESS, noun The quality that offends or displeases; as the offensiveness of rude language or behavior.

2. Injuriousness; mischief.

3. Cause of disgust; the quality that gives pain to the senses, or unpleasant sensations; as the offensiveness of smell or taste.

Offer

OF'FER, verb transitive [Latin offero; ob and fero, to bring.]

1. Literally, to bring to or before; hence, to present for acceptance or rejection; to exhibit something that may be taken or received or not. He offered me a sum of money. He offered me his umbrella to defend me from the rain.

The heathen women under the Mogul, offer themselves to the flames at the death of their husbands.

Collier.

2. To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal to.

I offer thee three things. 2 Samuel 24.

3. To present, as an act of worship; to immolate; to sacrifice; often with up.

Thou shalt offer every day a bullock as a sinoffering for atonement. Exodus 29.

The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning. 1bm.

A holy priesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices. 1 Pet. 2.

4. To present in prayer or devotion.

Offer to God thanksgiving. Ps. 1.

5. To bid, as a price, reward or wages; as, to offer ten eagles for a ring; to offer a hundred dollars a year for a laborer; to offer a salary.

6. To present to the view or to the mind; as ideas which sense or reflection offers to the mind.

Locke.

To offer violence, to assault; to attack or commence attack.

Offer

OF'FER, verb intransitive To present itself; to be at hand.

Th' occasion offers and the youth complies.

Dryden.

2. To present verbally; to declare a willingness. He offered to accompany his brother.

3. To make an attempt.

We came close to the shore and offered to land.

Bacon.

Formerly with at.

I will not offer at that I cannot master. Obs.

Bacon.

Offer

OF'FER, noun [French offre.] A proposal to be accepted or rejected; presentation to choice. The prince made liberal offers, but they were rejected.

When offers are disdained, and love deny'd.

Pope.

2. First advance.

Force compels this offer.

Shak.

3. The act of bidding a price, or the sum bid. By an offer we manifest a desire to buy. When the seller declines accepting, he manifests that he thinks the offer not sufficient.

4. Attempt; endeavor; essay.

It is in the power of every one to make some essay, some offer and attempt. [Nearly obsolete.]

South.

Offerable

OF'FERABLE, adjective That may be offered.

Mountague.

Offered

OF'FERED, participle passive Presented for acceptance or rejection; presented in worship or devotion; immolated; bid; presented to the eye or the mind.

Offerer

OF'FERER, noun One that offers; one that sacrifices or dedicates in worship.

Chapman. Hooker.

Offering

OF'FERING, participle of the present tense Presenting; proposing; sacrificing; bidding; presenting to the eye or mind.

Offering

OF'FERING, noun That which is presented in divine service; an animal or a portion of bread or corn, or of gold and silver, or other valuable articles, presented to God as an atonement for sin, or as a return of thanks for his favors, or for other religious purpose; a sacrifice; an oblation. In the Mosaic economy, there were burnt-offerings, sin-offerings, peace-offerings, trespass-offerings, thank-offerings, wave-offerings, and wood-offerings. Pagan nations also present offerings to their deities. Christ by the offering of himself has superseded the use of all other offerings, having made atonement for all men.

When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seedÃ‚-- Isaiah 53.

Offertory

OF'FERTORY, noun [French offertoire.] The act of offering, or the thing offered. [Little used.]

Bacon. Fell.

1. Offertory was properly an anthem chanted or a voluntary played on the organ during the offering and a part of the mass, in the Catholic church; but since the reformation it denotes certain sentences in the communion-office, read while the alms are collecting.

Todd. Cyc.

2. Anciently, the linen on which the offering was laid.

Cyc.

Offerture

OF'FERTURE, noun Offer; proposal. [Not used.]

K. Charles.

Office

OF'FICE, noun [French from Latin officium; ob and facio, to make or do.]

1. A particular duty, charge or trust conferred by public authority and for a public purpose; an employment undertaken by commission or authority from government or those who administer it. Thus we speak of the office of secretary of state, of treasurer, of a judge, of a sheriff, of a justice of the peace, &c. Offices are civil, judicial, ministerial, executive, legislative, political, municipal, diplomatic, military, ecclesiastical, &c.

2. A duty, charge or trust of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as the office of priest, in the Old Testament; and that of the apostles, in the New Testament.

Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify my office. Romans 11.

3. Duty or employment of a private nature; as the office of a midwife. Exodus 1.

4. That which is performed, intended or assigned to be done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fitted to perform; answering to duty in intelligent beings. We enjoy health when the several organs of the body perform their respective offices.

In this experiment, the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms.

Newton.

5. Business; particular employment.

Hesperus, whose office is to bring

Twilight upon the earth.

Milton.

6. Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered; usually in a good sense; as kind offices; offices of pity; pious offices.

7. Act of worship.

Shak.

8. Formulary of devotion.

The Lord's prayer, the ten commandments and the creed, is a very good office for children if they are not fitted for more regular offices.

Taylor.

9. A house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as the register's office; a lawyer's office.

10. In architecture, an apartment appropriated for the necessary business or occasions of a palace or nobleman's house. The word is used also for a building pertaining to a farm.

Encyc. Cyc.

11. In the canon law, a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it.

Encyc.

12. The person or persons entrusted with particular duties of a public nature.

Ã‚--This office [of quarter-master-general] not to have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums.

Marshall.

Office

OF'FICE, verb transitive To perform; to do; to discharge. [Not used.]

Shak.

Officer

OF'FICER, noun A person commissioned or authorized to perform any public duty. Officers are civil, military or ecclesiastical. There are great officers of state, and subordinate officers. Military and naval officers of the same grade usually take rank according to the dates of their commissions. Non-commissioned officers are nominated by their captains, and appointed by the commanding officers of regiments.

Officer

OF'FICER, verb transitive To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over.

Count Pulaski raised a legionary corps, which he officered principally with foreigners.

Marshall.

Officered

OF'FICERED, participle passive Furnished with officers.

Addison.

Official

OFFI'CIAL, adjective [French officiel; from office.] Pertaining to an office or public trust. The secretary is engaged in official duties.

2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority; as an official statement or report. We have official intelligence of the battle.

3. Conducive by virtue of appropriate powers.

The stomach and other parts official to nutrition. [Unusual.]

Brown.

Official

OFFI'CIAL, noun An eclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction.

Blackstone.

Officially

OFFI'CIALLY, adverb By the proper officer; by virtue of the proper authority; in pursuance of the special powers vested; as accounts or reports officially verified or rendered; letters officially communicated; persons officially notified.

Officialty

OFFI'CIALTY, noun The charge or office of an official.

Ayliffe.

Officiate

OFFI'CIATE, verb intransitive To act as an officer in his office; to transact the appropriate business of an office or public trust. At this court the chief justice officiated.

The bishops and priests officiate at the altar.

Stillingfleet.

2. To perform the appropriate official duties of another.

Officiate

OFFI'CIATE, verb transitive To give in consequence of office.

The stars officiate light. [Improper.]

Milton.

Officiating

OFFI'CIATING, participle of the present tense Performing the appropriate duties of an office; performing the office of another.

Officinal

OFFIC'INAL, adjective [French; from Latin officina, a shop.]

Used in a shop or belonging to it. Officinal drugs, medicines and simples are such as are required to be constantly kept in the shops of apothecaries.

Encyc.

Officious

OFFI'CIOUS, adjective [Latin officiosus.] Kind; obliging; doing kind offices.

Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries Officious.

Milton.

2. Excessively forward in kindness; importunately interposing services.

You are too officious

In her behalf that scorns your services.

Shak.

3. Busy; intermeddling in affairs in which one has no concern.

Officiously

OFFI'CIOUSLY, adverb Kindly; with solicitous care.

Let thy goats officiously be nurs'd.

Dryden.

2. With importunate or excessive forwardness.

Flattering crowds officiously appear,

To give themselves, not you, a happy year.

Dryden.

3. In a busy meddling manner.

Officiousness

OFFI'CIOUSNESS, noun Eagerness to serve; usually, an excess of zeal to serve others, or improper forwardness, interposing in affairs without being desired, or with a disposition to meddle with the concerns of others.

2. Service. [Little used.]

Brown.

Offing

OFF'ING, noun [from off.] That part of the sea which is at a good distance from the shore, or at a competent distance, where there is deep water and no need of a pilot. We saw a ship in the offing.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Offscouring

OFF'SCOURING, noun [off and scour.] That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile or despised. Lamentations 3:1 Corinthians 4.

Offset

OFF'SET, noun [off and set.] A shoot; a sprout from the roots of a plant.

Locke. Ray.

2. In surveying, a perpendicular let fall from the stationary lines to the hedge, fence or extremity of an inclosure.

3. In accounts, a sum, account or value set off against another sum or account, as an equivalent.

O. Wolcott.

[This is also written set-off.]

Offset

OFF'SET, verb transitive To set one account against another; to make the account of one party pay the demand of another.

Judge Sewall.

Offspring

OFF'SPRING, noun [off and spring.] A child or children; a descendant or descendants, however remote from the stock. Acts 17. Revelation 22.

2. Propagation; generation.

Hooker.

3. Production of any kind.

Denham.

Offuscate

OFFUSCATE, or OFFUSCATION. [See Obfuscate, Obfuscation.]

Offward

OFF'WARD, adverb [off and ward.] Leaning off, as a ship on shore.

Oft

OFT, adverb [Saxon oft; Swedish ofta; Danish ofte.] Often; frequently; not rarely. It was formerly used in prose and may be so used still; but is more generally used in poetry. Oft she rejects, but never once offends.

Pope.

Often

OFTEN, adverb of'n. comp. oftener; superl. oftenest. [Saxon oft; Gothic ufta.] Frequently; many times; not seldom.

Addison.

Often

OFTEN, adjective of'n. Frequent. [Improper.]

Oftenness

OFTENNESS, noun of'nness. Frequency. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Oftentimes

OFTENTIMES, adverb of'ntimes. [often and times.] Frequently; often; many times.

Hooker. Atterbury.

Ofttimes

OFT'TIMES, adverb [oft and times.] Frequently; often.

Milton.

Og

OG [See Ogee.]

Ogdoastich

OGDOAS'TICH, noun [Greek, eighth, and, a verse.] A poem of eight lines. [Little used.]

Selden.

Ogee

OGEE, noun [French ogive, augive.] In architecture, a molding consisting of two members, the one concave, the other convex, or of a round and a hollow somewhat like an S.

Encyc.

2. In gunnery, an ornamental molding in the shape of an S, used on guns, mortars and howitzers.

Cyc.

Ogganition

OGGANI'TION, noun [Latin obgannio, ogganio, to growl.]

The murmuring of a dog; a grumbling or snarling. [Not used.]

Mountagu.

Ogham

O'GHAM, noun A particular kind of stenography or writing in cipher practiced by the Irish.

Astle. Encyc.

Ogive

OGIVE, noun o'jiv. In architecture, an arch or branch of the Gothic vault, which passing diagonally from one angle to another forms a cross with the other arches. The middle where the ogives cross each other, is called the key. The members or moldings of the ogives are called nerves, branches or reins, and the arches which separate the ogives, double arches.

Encyc.

Ogle

O'GLE, verb transitive [from Dutch oog, the eye, Saxon eag, Latin oculus. See Eye.]

To view with side glances, as in fondness or with design to attract notice.

And ogling all their audience, then they speak.

Dryden.

Ogle

O'GLE, noun A side glance or look.

Addison.

Ogler

O'GLER, noun One that ogles.

Addison.

Ogling

O'GLING, participle of the present tense Viewing with side glances.

Ogling

O'GLING, noun The act of viewing with side glances.

Oglio

OGLIO, now written olio, which see.

Ogre

O'GRE, or O'GRESS, noun [French ogre.] An imaginary monster of the East.

Arabic Nights.

Ogress

O'GRESS, noun In heraldry, a cannon ball of a black color.

Ashmole.

Oh

OH, exclam. denoting surprise, pain, sorrow or anxiety.

Oil

OIL, noun [Saxon oel. It seems to be named from its inflammability, for oelan, is to kindle, and to oil; hence anoelan, to anneal; oeled, fire; Danish ild, whence the name of Hildebrand, Danish Ildebrand, fire-brand; Dutch oly; German oel; Swedish olja; Danish olie; French huile; Italian olio; Latin oleum; Greek; Welsh olew; Irish ola; Armoric Spanish Portugese oleo.]

An unctuous substance expressed or drawn from several animal and vegetable substances. The distinctive characters of oil are inflammability, fluidity, and insolubility in water. Oils are fixed or fat, and volatile or essential. They have a smooth feel, and most of them have little taste or smell. Animal oil is found in all animal substances. Vegetable oils are produced by expression, infusion or distillation.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Oil

OIL, verb transitive To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil.

Wotton. Swift.

Oil-Bag

OIL'-BAG, noun A bag, cyst or gland in animals containing oil.

Oil-Color

OIL'-COLOR, noun A color made by grinding a coloring substance in oil.

Boyle.

Oiled

OIL'ED, participle passive Smeared or anointed with oil.

Huloet.

Oiler

OIL'ER, noun One who deals in oils and pickles.

Oil-Gas

OIL'-GAS, noun Inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for lighting streets and apartments in buildings.

Oiliness

OIL'INESS, noun The quality of being oily; unctuousness; greasiness; a quality approaching that of oil.

Bacon. Arbuthnot.

Oiling

OIL'ING, participle of the present tense Smearing or anointing with oil.

Oilman

OIL'MAN, noun One who deals in oils and pickles.

Johnson.

Oil-Nut

OIL'-NUT, noun The butternut of N. America.

Carver.

Oil-Nut

OIL'-NUT, or OIL'-TREE, noun A plant, a species of Ricinus, the palma Christi, or castor, from which is procured castor oil.

Fam. of Plants. Encyc.

Oil-Shop

OIL'-SHOP, noun A shop where oils and pickles are sold.

Oily

OIL'Y, adjective Consisting of oil; containing oil; having the qualities of oil; as oily matter or substance.

Bacon.

2. Resembling oil; as an oily appearance.

3. Fatty; greasy.

Shak.

Oily-Grain

OILY-GRAIN, noun A plant.

Miller.

Oily-Palm

OILY-PALM, noun A tree.

Miller.

Oint

OINT, v.t. [French oindre, oint; Spanish Portugese untar. The French oindre is formed from the Latin ungo, like joindre from jungo.]

To anoint; to smear with an unctuous substance.

They oint their naked limbs with mother'd oil.

Dryden.

Ointed

OINT'ED, participle passive Anointed; smeared with an oily or greasy matter.

Ointing

OINT'ING, participle of the present tense Anointing.

Ointment

OINT'MENT, noun Unguent; any soft, unctuous substance or compound, used for smearing, particularly the body or a diseased part.

Oisanite

OIS'ANITE, noun Pyramidical ore of titanium.

Ure.

Oke

OKE, noun An Egyptian and Turkish weight, equal to about two pounds and three quarters, English avoirdupois weight.

Eton.

Oker

OKER. [See Ocher.]

Old

OLD, adjective [Saxon eald; German alt; Dutch oud; Danish oelde, old age.]

1. Advanced far in years or life; having lived beyond the middle period, or rather towards the end of life, or towards the end of the ordinary term of living; applied to animals or plants; as an old man; an old age; an old camel or horse; an old tree. This adjective is placed after the noun that designates the time lived.

Abraham was seventy five years old when he departed from Haran. Genesis 12.

2. Having been long made or used; decayed by time; as an old garment; an old house.

3. Being of long continuance; begun long ago; as an old acquaintance.

4. Having been long made; not new or fresh; as old wine.

5. Being of a former year's growth; not of the last crop; as old wheat; old hay.

6. Ancient; that existed in former ages; as the old inhabitants of Britain; the old Romans.

7. Of any duration whatever; as a year old; seven years old. How old art thou?

8. Subsisting before something else. He built a new house on the site of the old one. The old law is repealed by the new.

9. Long practiced. He is grown old in vice. He is an old offender.

10. That has been long cultivated; as old land; an old farm; opposed to new land, land lately cleared and cultivated.

America.

11. More than enough; great.

If a man were porter of hellgate, he should have old turning of the key.

12. In vulgar language, crafty; cunning. Of old, long ago; from ancient times; as in days of old.

Dryden.

We apply old chiefly to things subject to decay. We never say, the old sun, or an old mountain.

Olden

OLDEN, adjective Old; ancient. [Used in poetry.]

Shak.

Old-Fashioned

OLD-FASH'IONED, adjective Formed according to obsolete fashion or custom; as an old-fashioned dress.

Old-fashioned men of wit.

Addison.

Oldness

OLDNESS, noun Old age; an advanced state of life or existence; as the oldness of a man, of an elephant or a tree.

2. The state of being old, or of a long continuance; as the oldness of a building or a garment.

3. Antiquity; as the oldness of monuments.

Old-Wife

OLD-WIFE, noun A contemptuous name for an old prating woman. 1 Timothy 4.

2. A fish of the genus Labrus, and another of the genus Balistes.

Encyc.

Oleaginous

OLEAG'INOUS, adjective [Latin oleaginus, from oleum, oil.] Having the qualities of oil; oily; unctuous.

Arbuthnot.

Oleaginousness

OLEAG'INOUSNESS, noun Oiliness.

Boyle.

Oleander

OLEAN'DER, noun A plant of the genus Nerium, the rose-bay or South sea rose; a beautiful shrub with flowers in clusters, of a fine purple color, but of an indifferent smell. The plant, especially the bark of the roots, is said to the poisonous.

Encyc.

Oleaster

OLEAS'TER, noun [Latin from olea, the olive tree.]

A plant of the genus Elaeagnus; the wild olive.

Miller.

Oleate

O'LEATE, noun A compound of oleic acid with a salifiable base.

Chevreul.

Olefiant

OLEF'IANT, adjective [Latin oleo, olfacio.] Olefiant gas is a compound of one prime of carbon and one of hydrogen, called by Ure carbureted hydrogen, to distinguish it from the gas resulting from one prime of carbon and two of hydrogen, which he calls subcarbureted hudrogen.

Olefiant gas, is so called from its property of forming with chlorin a compound resembling oil.

Oleic

O'LEIC, adjective [from oil.] The oleic acid is obtained from a soap made by digesting hog's lard in potash lye.

Chevreul.

Oleosaccharum

OLEOSAC'CHARUM, noun A mixture of oil and sugar.

Ure.

Oleose

O'LEOSE, or O'LEOUS, adjective [Latin oleosus.] Oily. [Little used.]

Ray.

Oleraceous

OLERA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin oleraceus, from olus, oleris, pot-herbs.]

Pertaining to pot-herbs; of the nature or qualities of herbs for cookery.

Lee. Brown.

Olfact

OLFACT, v.t. [Latin olfacto, olfacio; oleo, to smell, and facio, to make.]

To smell; used in burlesque, but not otherwise authorized.

Hudibras.

Olfactory

OLFACT'ORY, adjective [Latin olfacio, supra.] Pertaining to smelling; having the sense of smelling; as olfactory nerves.

Locke.

Oliban

OL'IBAN, or OLIBA'NUM, noun [Arabic lubanon; with the adjective al, the, corrupted into ol. The word signifies then frankincense, and it is so named from its whiteness.]

A gum-resin consisting of tears or drops, of a yellow transparent color and disagreeable smell. It is brought from Turkey and the East Indies. It is not, as Linne supposed, produced by the Juniperus Lycia, but from a different tree growing in Arabia and Hindoostan. See Asiatic Researches, 9. 377. In Arabia, luban is applied to benzoin, which is generally used for incense, and oliban is called condur, whence Greek. In medicine, it is used in fumigations as a resovent.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

Thompson says olibanum is produced by different trees and in different countries.

Olid

OL'ID, or OL'IDOUS, adjective [Latin olidus, from oleo, to smell.] Fetid; having a strong disagreeable smell. [Little used.]

Boyle. Brown.

Oligarchal

OLIGARCH'AL, or OLIGARCH'ICAL, adjective [See oligarchy.] Pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few.

Burke.

Oligarchy

OL'IGARCHY, noun [Greek; few, and, rule.]

A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in a few hands; a species of aristocracy.

Swift.

Oligist

OL'IGIST or OLIGIST'IC, adjective [Greek, least.] Oligist iron, so called, is a crystalized tritoxyd of iron.

Olio

O'LIO, noun [Italian from Spanish olla; Portugese olha, a dish of meat boiled or stewed; Latin olla, a pot.]

1. A mixture; a medley.

Dryden.

2. A miscellany; a collection of various pieces; applied to musical collections.

Olitory

OL'ITORY, adjective [Latin olitor, a gardener, from olus, pot-herbs.]

Belonging to a kitchen garden; as olitory seeds.

Evelyn.

It may perhaps be used a noun.

Olivaceous

OLIVA'CEOUS, adjective [from Latin oliva, olive.]

Of the color of the olive.

Pennant.

Olivaster

OLIVAS'TER, noun [French olivÃƒ-¢tre, from Latin oliva, olive.] Of the color of the olive; tawny.

Bacon.

Olive

OL'IVE, noun [Latin oliva, from olea, an olive tree; French olive; Greek. See Oil.]

A plant or tree of the genus Olea. The common olive tree grows in warm climates and rises to the highth of twenty or thirty feet, having an upright stem with numerous branches. This tree is much cultivated in the south of Europe for its fruit, from which is expressed the olive oil, and which is used also for pickles.

Encyc.

Olived

OL'IVED, adjective Decorated with olive trees.

Warton.

Olivenite

OL'IVENITE, noun An ore of copper.

Ure.

Olive-Yard

OL'IVE-YARD, noun An inclosure or piece of ground in which olives are cultivated. Exodus 23.

Olivin

OL'IVIN, or OL'IVINE, noun [from olive.] A subspecies of prismatic chrysolite of a brownish green, often inclining to a yellowish or grayish green, usually found in roundish grains in other stones; sometimes in large masses, but not crystalized. It is a constituent of many lavas and frequently occurs in basaltic rocks.

Kirwan. Ure.

Olympiad

OLYM'PIAD, noun [Latin Olympias; Greek, from, Olympus, a mountain of Macedonia.]

A period of four years reckoned from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, and constituting an important epoch in history and chronology. The first Olympaid commenced 775 years before the birth of Christ, and 22 years before the foundation of Rome. The computation by Olympiads ceased at the three hundred and sixty fourth Olympiad, in the year 440 of the christian era.

Encyc.

Olympean

OLYM'PEAN, adjective Pertaining to Olympus; or to Olympia, a town in Greece.

Olympic games, or Olympics, solemn games among the ancient. Greeks, dedicated to Olympian Jupiter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia. [See Olympiad.]

Omber

OM'BER, or OM'BRE, noun [French from Spanish hombre, man, Latin homo.]

A game at cards, borrowed from the Spaniards, usually played by three persons, though sometimes by two or five.

Encyc.

Ombrometer

OMBROM'ETER, noun [Greek, rain, and, measure.]

A machine or instrument to measure the quantity of rain that falls.

Encyc.

Omega

OME'GA, noun [Greek great O.] The name of the last letter of the Greek alphabet, as Alpha, A, is the first. Hence in Scripture, Alpha and Omega denotes the first and the last, the beginning and the ending. Rev.

Omelet

OM'ELET, noun [French omelette.] A kind of pancake or fritter made with eggs and other ingredients.

Encyc.

Omen

O'MEN, noun [Latin omen; but according to Varro, it was originally osmen, that which is uttered by the mouth, denoting wish or vow, and with him agree Festus and Nonius, says Vossius. Another author derives the word from the Hebrew, an augur. Cicero assigns to the world the same origin as Varro. "Voces hominum, quaevocent omina." But the word came afterwards to denote things rather than words.]

A sign or indication of some future event; a prognostic. Superstition and ignorance multiply omens; philosophy and truth reject all omens, except such as may be called causes of the events. Without a miracle, how can one event be the omen of another with which it has no connection?

Omened

O'MENED, adjective Containing an omen or prognostic.

Pope.

Omentum

OMENT'UM, noun [Latin] In anatomy, the caul or epiploon; a membranaceous covering of the bowels, being placed under the peritoneum and immediately above the intestines.

Encyc.

Omer

O'MER, noun [Hebrew] A Hebrew measure containing ten baths, or seventy five gallons and five pints of liquids, and eight bushels of things dry. It was the largest measure used by the Jews. It is written also homer and chomer. This word is used by the prophets, but the corresponding measure is called by the historical writers corus.

Encyc.

Ominate

OM'INATE, v.t. [Latin ominor, from omen.] To presage; to foreshow; to foretoken. [Little used.]

Decay of Piety.

Ominate

OM'INATE, v.i. To foretoken.

Omination

OMINA'TION, noun A foreboding; a presaging; prognostic. [Little used.]

Brown.

Ominous

OM'INOUS, adjective [Latin ominosus.] Foreboding or presaging evil; indicating a future evil event; inauspicious.

In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice without a heart was accounted ominous. South.

2. Foreshowing or exhibiting signs of good.

Though he had a good ominous name to have made peace, nothing followed.

Bacon.

Ominously

OM'INOUSLY, adverb With good or bad omens.

Fotherby.

Ominousness

OM'INOUSNESS, noun The quality of being ominous.

Burnet.

Omissible

OMIS'SIBLE, adjective [Latin omissus. See Omit.] That may be omitted.

Parkhurst.

Omission

OMIS'SION, noun [French from Latin omissio, from omitto, omissus.]

1. Neglect or failure to do something which a person had power to do, or which duty required to be done. Omission may be innocent or criminal; innocent, when no duty demands performance, but criminal when duty is neglected.

The most natural division of all offenses, is into those of omission and those of commission.

Addison.

2. A leaving out; neglect or failure to insert or mention; as the omission of a word or clause.

Omissive

OMIS'SIVE, adjective Leaving out. Stackhouse.

Omit

OMIT', v.t. [Latin omitto; ob and mitto, to send.]

1. To leave, pass by or neglect; to fail or forbear to do or to use; as, to omit an opportunity of writing a letter. To omit known duty is criminal.

2. To leave out; not to insert or mention; as, to omit an important word in a deed; to omit invidious comparisons; to omit a passage in reading or transcribing.

Omittance

OMIT'TANCE, noun Forbearance; neglect. [Not used.]

Shak.

Omitted

OMIT'TED, participle passive Neglected; passed by; left out.

Omitting

OMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Neglecting or failing to do or use; passing by; leaving out.

Omnifarious

OMNIFA'RIOUS, adjective [Low Latin omnifarius.] Of all varieties, forms or kinds.

Bentley.

Omniferous

OMNIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin omnifer; omnis, all, and fero, to bear.] All-bearing; producing all kinds.

Omnific

OMNIF'IC, adjective [Latin omnis, all, and facio, to make.] All-creating.

Thou deep, peace!

Said then th' omnific word, your discord end.

Milton.

Omniform

OM'NIFORM, adjective [Latin omnis, all, and forma, form.] Having every form or shape.

Dict.

Omniformity

OMNIFORM'ITY, noun The quality of having every form.

More.

Omnigenous

OMNIGENOUS, adjective [Latin omnigenus; omnis, all, every, and genus, kind.]

Consisting of all kinds.

Dict.

Omniparity

OMNIPAR'ITY, noun [Latin omnis, all, and par, equal.] General equality.

White.

Omnipercipience

OMNIPERCIP'IENCE, noun [Latin omnis, and percipiens, perceiving.] Perception of every thing.

More.

Omnipercipient

OMNIPERCIP'IENT, adjective Perceiving every thing.

More.

Omnipotence

OMNIP'OTENCE, or OMNIP'OTENCY, noun [Latin omnipotens; omnis, all, and potens, powerful.]

Almighty power; unlimited or infinite power; a word in strictness applicable only to God. Hence it is sometimes used for God. The works of creation demonstrate the omnipotence of God.

Will Omnipotence neglect to save

The suffering virtue of the wise and brave?

Pope.

2. Unlimited power over particular things; as the omnipotence of love.

Omnipotent

OMNIP'OTENT, adjective [supra.] Almighty; possessing unlimited power; all powerful. The being that can create worlds must be omnipotent.

2. Having unlimited power of a particular kind; as omnipotent love.

Shak.

Omnipotently

OMNIP'OTENTLY, adverb With almighty power.

Young.

Omnipresence

OMNIPRES'ENCE, noun s as z. [Latin omnis, and presens, present.]

Presence in every place at the same time; unbounded or universal presence; ubiquity. Omnipresence is an attribute peculiar to God.

Omnipresent

OMNIPRES'ENT, adjective Present in all places at the same time; ubiquitary; as the omnipresent Jehovah.

Omnipresential

OMNIPRESEN'TIAL, adjective Implying universal presence.

South.

Omniscience

OMNIS'CIENCE, or OMNIS'CIENCY, noun [Latin omnis, all, and scientia, knowledge.]

The quality of knowing all things at once; universal knowledge; knowledge unbounded or infinite. Omniscience is an attribute peculiar to God.

Omniscient

OMNIS'CIENT, adjective Having universal knowledge or knowledge of all things; infinitely knowing; all-seeing; as the omniscient God,

Omniscious

OMNIS'CIOUS, adjective [Latin omnis, all, and scio, to know.] All-knowing. [Not used.]

Hakewill.

Omnium

OM'NIUM, noun [Latin omnis, all.] The aggregate of certain portions of different stocks in the public funds; a word in use among dealers in the English stocks.

Omnium denotes all the particulars included in the contract between government and the public for a loan.

Cyc.

Omnivorous

OMNIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin omnivorus; omnis, all, and voro, to eat.]

All-devouring; eating every thing indiscriminately.

Burke.

Omoplate

OM'OPLATE, noun [Greek, shoulder, and, broad.] The shoulder blade or scapula.

Omphacine

OM'PHACINE, adjective [Greek, from, unripe fruit.]

Pertaining to or expressed from unripe fruit.

Omphacine oil is a viscous brown juice extracted from green olives. With this the wrestlers in the ancient gymnastic exercises used to anoint their bodies.

Encyc.

Omphacite

OM'PHACITE, noun A mineral of a pale leek green color, massive or disseminated, and in narrow radiated concretions.

Ure.

Omphalic

OM'PHALIC, noun [Greek, the navel.] Pertaining to the navel.

Asiat. Res.

Omphalocele

OMPHAL'OCELE, noun [Greek, navel, and, tumor.] A rupture at the navel.

Coxe.

Omphalopter

OM'PHALOPTER, or OMPHALOP'TIC, noun [Greek, navel, and, optic.]

An optical glass that is convex on both sides; commonly called a convex lens.

Dict.

Omphalotomy

OMPHALOT'OMY, noun [Greek, the navel, and, to cut.]

The operation of dividing the navel string.

Omy

O'MY, adjective Mellow; as land. [Not in use.]

Ray.

On

ON, prep. [German an; Dutch aan; Gothic ana; Greek; Latin in; Greek. The Saxon in is our in, and un is a negative; but probably all these words are radically the same. The primary sense of the verb from which these words must be derived, is to pass, to approach, to come to or to meet. Hence they denote nearness, closeness or contiguity, and from meeting the Latin in and the English un have their power of negation or opposing.]

1. Being in contact with the surface or upper part of a thing and supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; as, my book is on the table; the table stands on the floor; the house rests on its foundation; we lie on a bed, or stand on the earth.

2. Coming or falling to the surface of any thing; as, rain falls on the earth.

Whosoever shall fall on this stone, shall be broken. Matthew 21.

3. Performing or acting by contact with the surface, upper part or outside of any thing; as, to play on a harp, a violin, or a drum.

4. Noting addition; as heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief; loss on loss.

5. At or near. When we say, a vessel is on shore, we mean that she is aground; but when we say, a fleet or a ship is on the American coast, or an isle is situated on the coast of England, we mean only that it is near the coast. So we say, on each side stands an armed man, that is, at or near each side.

So we say, Philadelphia is situated on the Delaware; Middlebury is on the Otter Creek; Guilford stands on the Sound; that is, near the river or Sound, instead of on the bank, side or shore.

6. It denotes resting for support; as, to depend on, to rely on; hence, the ground of any thing; as, he will covenant on certain considerations or conditions; the considerations being the support of the covenant.

7. At or in the time of; as, on the sabbath we abstain from labor. We usually say, at the hour, on or in the day, in or on the week, month or year.

8. At the time of, with some reference to cause or motive. On public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform.

9. It is put before the object of some passion, with the sense of towards or for. Have pity or compassion on him.

10. At the peril of, or for the safety of.

Hence, on thy life.

Dryden.

11. Denoting a pledge or engagement, or put before the thing pledged. He affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honor.

12. Noting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling or resting on. On us be all the blame.

His blood be on us, and on our children. Matthew 27.

13. In consequence of, or immediately after. On the ratification of the treaty, the armies were disbanded.

14. Noting part, distinction or opposition; as on one side and on the other. On our part, expect punctuality.

On the way, on the road, denote proceeding, traveling, journeying, or making progress.

On the alert, in a state of vigilance or activity.

On high, in an elevated place; sublimely.

On fire, in a state of burning or inflammation, and metaphorically, in a rage or passion.

On a sudden, suddenly.

On the wing, in flight; flying; metaphorically, departing.

On it, on't, is used for of it. I heard nothing on't. The gamester has a poor trade on't.

[This use is now vulgar.]

Upon is used in the same sense with on, often with elegance, and frequently without necessity or advantage.

On

ON, adverb Forward, in progression; as, move on; go on.

2. Forward, in succession. From father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on.

3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on; write on.

4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, "he is neither on nor off," that is, he is not steady; he is irresolute.

5. Attached to the body; as, his clothes are not on.

To put on, to attach to the body, as clothes or arms.

On, when it expresses contact with the surface of a thing, is opposed to under, off, or within, and when it expresses contact with the side of a thing, is opposed to off.

On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or rather as a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, cheerly on, courageous friends; that is, go on, move on.

Onager

ON'AGER, noun [Latin] The wild ass.

Onanism

O'NANISM, noun [from Onan, in Scripture.]

The crime of self-pollution.

Once

ONCE, adv. wuns. [from one. So Dutch eens, from een, and German einst, from ein, one.]

1. One time.

Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years.

Bacon.

2. One time, though no more. The mind once tainted with vice, is prone to grow worse and worse.

3. At one former time; formerly.

My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee,

But hence 'tis gone.

Addison.

4. At the same point of time; not gradually.

At once the winds arise,

The thunders roli.

Dryden.

At once, at the same time; as, they all moved at once; hence, when it refers to two or more, the sense is together, as one.

This hath all its force at once, on the first impression.

Atterbury.

Once is used as a noun, when preceded by this or that; as this once, that once.

Once

ONCE, n. ons. [French] A quadruped of the genus Felis, less than the panther, of a whitish gray color. It is found in Africa and Asia, is easily tamed and is employed like a dog in hunting.

Encyc.

One

ONE, a. wun. [Saxon an, oen; Dutch een; German ein; Swedish en; Danish en or een; Icelandic einn; Welsh un or yn; Latin unus; Greek; Italian Spanish uno; Portugese hum; French un; Armoric unan; Irish an, aon.]

1. Single in number; individual; as one man; one book. There is one sun only in our system of planets.

2. Indefinitely, some or any. You will one day repent of your folly. But in this phrase, one day is equivalent to some future time.

3. It follows any.

When any one heareth the word of the kingdom. Matthew 13.

4. Different; diverse; opposed to another. It is one thing to promise, and another to fulfill.

5. It is used with another, to denote mutuality or reciprocation. Be kind and assist one another.

6. It is used with another, to denote average or mean proportion. The coins one with another, weigh seven penny weight each.

7. One of two; opposed to other.

Ask from one side of heaven to the other. Deuteronomy 4.

8. Single by union; undivided; the same.

The church is therefore one, though the members may be many.

Pearson.

9. Single in kind; the same.

One plague was on you all and on your lords. 1 Samuel 4.

One day, on a certain or particular day, referring to time past.

One day when Phoebe fair

With all her band was following the chase.

Spenser.

2. Referring to future time; at a future time, indefinitely. [See One, No.2.]

At one, in union; in agreement or concord.

The king resolved to keep Ferdinand and Philip at one with themselves.

Bacon.

In one, in union; in one united body.

One, like many other adjectives, is used without a noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some noun understood. Let the men depart one by one; count them one by one; every one has his peculiar habits; we learn of one another, that is, we learn, one of us learns of another.

In this use, as a substitute, one may be plural; as the great ones of the earth; they came with their little ones.

It also denotes union, a united body.

Ye are all one in Christ Jesus. Galatians 3.

One o'clock, one hour of the clock, that is, as signified or represented by the clock.

One is used indefinitely for any person; as, one sees; one knows; after the French manner, on voit. Our ancestors used man in this manner; man sees; man knows; "man brohte," man brought, that is, they brought.

Saxon.

This word we have received from the Latin through the Italian and French. The same word from our Saxon ancestors we write an.

One-Berry

ONE-BERRY, noun wun'-berry. A plant of the genus Paris; true love.

Fam. of Plants.

One-Eyed

ONE-EYED, adjective wun'-eyed. Having one eye only.

Dryden.

Oneirocritic

ONEIROCRIT'IC, noun [Greek; a dream, and, discerning.]

An interpreter of dreams; one who judges what is signified by dreams.

Warburton. Addison.

Oneirocritic

ONEIROCRIT'IC, noun The art of interpreting dreams.

Warburton.

Oneirocritic

ONEIROCRIT'IC, or ONEIROCRIT'ICAL, or ONIROCRIT'IC, adjective Having the power of interpreting dreams, or pretending to judge of future events signified by dreams.

My oneirocritical correspondent.

Addison.

Oneiromancy

ONEIROM'ANCY, noun [Greek, a dream, and, divination.] Divination by dreams.

Spenser.

Onement

ONEMENT, noun wun'ment. State of being one. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Oneness

ONENESS, noun wun'ness. [from one.] Singleness in number; individuality; unity; the quality of being one.

Our God is one, or rather very oneness.

Hooker.

Onerary

ON'ERARY, adjective [Latin onerarius, from onus, a load; onero, to load.]

Fitted or intended for the carriage of burdens; comprising a burden.

Onerate

ON'ERATE, v.t. [Latin onero, from onus, a burden.] To load; to burden.

Oneration

ONERA'TION, noun The act of loading.

Onerous

ON'EROUS, adjective [Latin onerosus, from onus, a load.] Burdensome; oppressive.

Ayliffe. Burton.

2. In Scots law, being for the advantage of both parties; as an onerous contract; opposed to gratuitous.

Onion

ONION, noun un'yun. [French ognon; Armoric ouignoun; Irish uinnium. In Welsh ceninen is a leek.]

A plant of the genus Allium; and particularly, its bulbous root, much used as an article of food.

Onkotomy

ONKOT'OMY, noun [Greek, tumor, and, to cut.]

In surgery, the opening of a tumor or abscess.

Encyc.

Only

ONLY, adjective [Saxon oelic, one-like.] Single; one alone; as, John was the only man present.

2. This and no other. This is an only child.

3. This above all others. He is the only man for music.

Johnson.

Only

ONLY, adverb Singly; merely; barely; in one manner or for one purpose alone.

I purpose my thoughts only as conjectures.

Burnet.

And to be loved himself, needs only to be known.

Dryden.

2. This and no other wise.

Every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. Genesis 6.

3. Singly; without more; as only-begotten.

Onomancy

ON'OMANCY, noun [Greek, name, and, divination.] Divination by the letters of a name.

Destinies were superstitiously, by onomancy, deciphered out of names.

Camden.

Onomantic

ONOMAN'TIC, or ONOMAN'TICAL, adjective Predicting by names, or the letters composing names.

Camden.

Onomatope

ON'OMATOPE, or ON'OMATOPY, noun [Greek; name, and, to make.]

1. In grammar and rhetoric, a figure in which words are formed to resemble the sound made by the thing signified; as, to buzz, as bees; to crackle, as burning thorns or brush.

Encyc.

2. A word whose sound corresponds to the sound of the thing signified.

Onset

ON'SET, noun [on and set.] A rushing or setting upon; a violent attack; assault; a storming; appropriately, the assault of an army or body of troops upon an enemy or a fort.

The shout

Of battle now began and rushing sound

Of onset.

Milton.

2. An attack of any kind; as the impetuous onset of grief.

Philips.

Onset

ON'SET, v.t. To assault; to begin. [Not used.]

Carew.

Onslaught

ONSLAUGHT, noun on'slaut. [on and slay.] Attack; storm; onset. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Ontologic

ONTOLOGIC, or ONTOLOGICAL, adjective [See Ontology.] Pertaining to the science of being in general and its affections.

Ontologist

ONTOL'OGIST, noun One who treats of or considers the nature and qualities of being in general.

Ontology

ONTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, from, and, discourse.]

That part of the science of metaphysics which investigates and explains the nature and essence of all beings, their qualities and attributes.

Encyc.

Onward

ON'WARD, adverb [Saxon ondward, andweard; on and weard, Latin versus.]

1. Toward the point before or in front; forward; progressively; in advance; as, to move onward.

Not one looks backward, onward still he goes.

Pope.

2. In a state of advanced progression.

3. A little further or forward.

Onward

ON'WARD, adjective Advanced or advancing; as an onward course.

2. Increased; improved.

Sidney.

3. Conducting; leading forward to perfection.

Home.

Onycha

ON'YCHA, noun [from Greek.] Supposed to be the odoriferous shell of the onyxfish, or the onyx. Exodus 30.

Onyx

ON'YX, noun [Greek, a nail, Latin onyx.] A semi-pellucid gem with variously colored zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Oolite

O'OLITE, noun [Greek, an egg, and, stone, from its resemblance to the roes of fish.]

Egg-stone, a variety of concreted carbonate of lime; oviform limestone.

Jameson.

Ooze

OOZE, v.i. ooz. [The origin of this word is not easily ascertained. In Ethiopic signifies to flow. In Amharic, signifies to sweat. In Ethiopic, signifies to issue, to come or go out, and this is the Hebrew. In Saxon was is water, German wasser. These words seem to be nearly allied. See Issue.]

To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance, or through small openings. Water oozes from the earth and through a filter.

The latent rill, scarce oozing through the grass.

Thomson.

Ooze

OOZE, noun Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently or easily yield to pressure.

Carew.

2. Soft flow; spring.

Prior.

3. The liquor of a tan-vat.

Oozing

OOZ'ING, participle of the present tense Flowing gently; percolating.

Oozy

OOZ'Y, adjective Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze; as the oozy bed of a river.

Pope.

Opacate

O'PACATE, v.t. [Latin opaco.] To shade; to darken; to obscure; to cloud. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Opacity

OPAC'ITY, noun [Latin opacitas.] Opakeness; the quality of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light; want of transparency. Opacity may exist in bodies of any color.

2. Darkness; obscurity.

Glanville.

Opacous

OPA'COUS, adjective [Latin opacus.] Not pervious to the rays of light; not transparent.

2. Dark; obscure. [See Opake.]

Opacousness

OPA'COUSNESS, noun Imperviousness to light.

Evelyn.

Opah

O'PAH, noun A fish of a large kind with a smooth skin, found on the coast of Guinea.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Opake

OPA'KE, adjective [Latin opacus; French opaque.] Impervious to the rays of light; not transpa- rent. [This is the word now generally used.] Chalk is an opake substance.

2. Dark; obscure.

Opakeness

OPA'KENESS, noun The quality of being impervious to light; want of transparency; opacity.

Opal

O'PAL, noun [Latin opalus or opalum.] A stone of the silicious genus, and of several varieties. It is one of the most beautiful of this genus, by reason of its changeableness of color by reflection and refraction. Kirwan distributes opals into four families, opal, semi-opal, pitch stone [pechstein,] and ligniform. Jameson divides opal into seven kinds.

Encyc. Kirwan. Nicholson.

Opal is a subspecies of indivisible quartz.

Ure.

Opalescence

OPALES'CENCE, noun A colored shining luster reflected from a single spot in a mineral. It is sometimes simple and sometimes stellar.

Opalescent

OPALES'CENT, adjective Resembling opal; reflecting a colored luster from a single spot.

Kirwan.

Opaline

O'PALINE, adjective Pertaining to or like opal.

Opalize

O'PALIZE, v.t. To make to resemble opal; as opalized wood.

Cleaveland.

Opaque

OPAQUE. [See Opake.]

Opaqueness.

OPAQUENESS., [See Opakeness.]

Ope

OPE, adjective Open. Obs.

Ope

OPE, v.t. To open; used only in poetry, and probably a contracted word.

Open

OPEN, a. o'pn. [Saxon Dutch open; German offen; Swedish ?pen; Danish aaben.]

1. Unclosed; not shut; as, the gate is open; an open door or window; an open book; open eyes.

2. Spread; expanded. He received his son with open arms.

3. Unsealed; as an open letter.

4. Not shut or fast; as an open hand.

5. Not covered; as the open air; an open vessel.

6. Not covered with trees; clear; as an open country or field.

7. Not stopped; as an open bottle.

8. Not fenced or obstructed; as an open road.

9. Not frosty; warmer than usual; not freezing severely; as an open winter.

An open and warm winter portendeth a hot and dry summer.

Bacon.

Johnson interprets open, in this passage, by not cloudy, not gloomy. I think the definition wrong. In America, an open winter is one in which the earth is not bound with frost and covered with snow.

10. Public; before a court and its suitors. His testimony was given in open court.

11. Admitting all persons without restraint; free to all comers. He keeps open house at the election.

12. Clear of ice; as, the river or the harbor is open.

13. Plain; apparent; evident; public; not secret or concealed; as an open declaration; open avowal; open shame; open defiance. The nations contend in open war or in open arms.

14. Not wearing disguise; frank; sincere; unreserved; candid; artless.

He was held a man open and of good faith.

Bacon.

His generous, open, undesigning heart.

Addison.

15. Not clouded; not contracted or frowning; having an air of frankness and sincerity; as an open look.

With aspect open shall erect his head.

Pope.

16. Not hidden; exposed to view.

We are to exercise our thoughts and lay open the treasures of divine truth.

Burnet.

17. Ready to hear or receive what is offered.

His ears are open to their cry. Psalm 34.

18. Free to be employed for redress; not restrained or denied; not precluding any person.

The law is open. Acts 19.

19. Exposed; not protected; without defense. The country is open to invaders.

Ã‚--Hath left me open to all injuries.

Shak.

20. Attentive; employed in inspection.

Thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of menÃ‚-- Jeremiah 32.

21. Clear; unobstructed; as an open view.

22. Unsettled; not balanced or closed; as an open account.

Open accounts between merchants.

Johnson's Rep.

23. Not closed; free to be debated; as a question open for discussion.

24. In music, an open note is that which a string is tuned to produce.

Busby.

Open

OPEN, v. t. o'pn. [Saxon openian; Dutch openen; German Ãƒ-¶ffnen; Swedish ?pna; Danish aabner;

Arabic Class Bn. No. 3.]

1. To unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or cover and set open; as, to open a door or gate; to open a desk.

2. To break the seal of a letter and unfold it.

3. To separate parts that are close; as, to open the lips; to open the mouth or eyes or eyelids; to open a book.

4. To remove a covering from; as, to open a pit.

5. To cut through; to perforate; to lance; as, to open the skin; to open an abscess.

6. To break; to divide; to split or rend; as, the earth was opened in many places by an earthquake; a rock is opened by blasting.

7. To clear; to make by removing obstructions; as, to open a road; to open a passage; the heat of spring opens rivers bound with ice.

8. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.

9. To unstop; as, to open a bottle.

10. To begin; to make the first exhibition.

The attorney general opens the cause on the part of the king or the state. Homer opens his poem with the utmost simplicity and modesty.

11. To show; to bring to view or knowledge.

The English did adventure far to open the north parts of America.

Abbot.

12. To interpret; to explain.

Ã‚--While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke 24.

13. To revcal; to disclose. He opened his mind very freely.

14. To make liberal; as, to open the heart.

15. To make the first discharge of artillery; as, to open a heavy fire on the enemy.

16. To enter on or begin; as, to open a negotiation or correspondence; to open a trade with the Indies.

17. To begin to see by the removal of something that intercepted the view; as, we sailed round the point and opened the harbor.

Open

OPEN, v. i. o'pn. To unclose itself; to be unclosed; to be parted.

The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Psalm 106.

2. To begin to appear. As we sailed round the point, the harbor opened to out view.

3. To commence; to begin. Sales of stock opened at par.

4. To bark; a term in hunting.

Opened

OPENED, pp. o'pned. Unclosed; unbarred; unsealed; uncovered; revealed; disclosed; made plain; freed from obstruction.

Opener

OPENER, n. o'pner. One that opens or removes any fastening or covering.

Milton.

2. One that explains; an interpreter.

Shak.

3. That which separates; that which rends.

Boyle.

4. An aperient in medicine.

Openeyed

OPENEYED, a. o'pneyed. Watchful; vigilant.

Shak.

Openhanded

OPENHANDED, a. o'pnhanded. Generous; liberal; munificent.

Rowe.

Openhearted

OPENHE'ARTED, a. o'pnhÃƒ- rted. Candid; frank; generous.

Dryden.

Openheartedly

OPENHE'ARTEDLY, adverb With frankness; without reserve.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Openheartedness

OPENHE'ARTEDNESS, noun Frankness; candor; sincerity; munificence; generosity.

Johnson.

Opening

OPENING, ppr. o'pning. Unclosing; unsealing; uncovering; revealing; interpreting.

Opening

OPENING, n. o'pning. A breach; an aperture; a hole or perforation.

2. A place admitting entrance; as a bay or creek.

3. Dawn; first appearance or visibleness; beginning of exhibition or discovery.

The opening of your glory was like that of light.

Dryden.

Openly

OPENLY, adv. o'pnly. Publicly; not in private; without secrecy; as, to avow our sins and follies openly.

How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness and worldly lusts!

Tillotson.

2. Plainly; evidently; without reserve or disguise.

Openmouthed

OPENMOUTHED, a. o'pnmouthed. Greedy; ravenous; clamorous; as an openmouthed lion.

L'Estrange.

Openness

OPENNESS, n. o'pnness. Freedom from covering or obstruction; as the openness of a country.

2. Plainness; clearness; freedom from obscurity or ambiguity; as, deliver your answers with more openness.

Shak.

3. Freedom from disguise; unreservedness; plainness.

Felton.

4. Expression of frankness or candor; as openness of countenance.

5. Unusual mildness; freedom from snow and frost; as the openness of a winter.

Opera

OP'ERA, noun [Italian Spanish French from Latin opera, work, labor.]

A dramatic composition set to music and sung on the stage, accompanied with musical instruments and enriched with magnificent dresses, machines, dancing, &c.

Encyc.

Operable

OP'ERABLE, adjective Practicable. [Not used.]

Brown.

Operant

OP'ERANT, adjective [See Operate.] Having power to produce an effect. [Not used. We now use operative.]

Shak.

Operate

OP'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin operor; Spanish operar; French operer; Ethiopic gaber, to make, do, form or ordain; deriv. tagabar, to work, to operate, to labor, to till; Welsh gobÃƒ-¨ru, to operate; Armoric ober or gober, to make; ober or euffr, work; Irish obair; Spanish Portugese obra; French oeuvre, ouvrage. The corresponding verb in Hebrew and Chaldee, signifies to be strong, to prevail, and in Arabic, to bind fast, to consolidate, to repair. The primary sense is to strain or press, to exert force. Class Br. No. 14.]

1. To act; to exert power or strength, physical or mechanical. External bodies operate on animals by means of perception. Sound operates upon the auditory nerves through the medium of air. Medicines operate on the body by increasing or diminishing organic action.

2. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or influence. Motives operate on the mind in determining the judgment. Examples operate in producing imitation.

The virtues of private persons operate but on a fewÃ‚--

Atterbury.

A plain convincing reason operates on the mind both of a learned and an ignorant hearer as long as he lives.

Swift.

3. In surgery, to perform some manual act in a methodical manner upon a human body, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health; as in amputation, lithotomy and the like.

4. To act; to have agency; to produce any effect.

Operate

OP'ERATE, verb transitive To effect; to produce by agency.

The same cause would operate a diminution of the value of stockÃ‚--

Hamilton.

[This use is not frequent, and can hardly be said to be well authorized.]

Operatical

OPERAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the opera; a word used by musicians.

Busby.

Operating

OP'ERATING, participle of the present tense Acting; exerting agency or power; performing some manual act in surgery.

Operation

OPERA'TION, noun [Latin operatio.] The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical or moral.

Speculative painting without the assistance of manual operation, can never attain to perfection.

Dryden.

The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its operation on the stomach.

Locke.

So we speak of the operation of motives, reasons or arguments on the mind, the operation of causes, &c.

2. Action; effect.

Many medicinal drugs of rare operation.

Heylin.

3. Process; manipulation; series of acts in experiments; as in chimistry or metallurgy.

4. In surgery, any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, with a view to heal a part diseased, fractured or dislocated, as in amputation, &c.

5. Action or movements of an army or fleet; as military or naval operations.

6. Movements of machinery.

7. Movements of any physical body.

Operative

OP'ERATIVE, adjective Having the power of acting; exerting force, physical or moral; having or exerting agency; active in the production of effects.

In actions of religion we should be zealous, active and operative, so far as prudence will permit.

Taylor.

It holds in all operative principles, especially in morality.

South.

2. Efficacious; producing the effect.

Operator

OP'ERATOR, noun He or that which operates; he or that which produces an effect.

2. In surgery, the person who performs some act upon the human body by means of the hand, or with instruments; as a skillful operator.

Operculate

OPER'CULATE, or OPER'CULATED, adjective [Latin operculatus, from operio, to cover.] In botany, having a lid or cover, as a capsule.

Martyn.

Operculiform

OPER'CULIFORM, adjective [Latin operculum, a lid, and form.] Having the form of a lid or cover.

Say.

Operose

OPERO'SE, adjective [Latin operosus, from opera, operor.]

Laborious; attended with labor; tedious.

Burnet.

Operoseness

OPERO'SENESS, noun The state of being laborious.

More.

Opetide

O'PETIDE, noun [ope and tide.] The ancient time of marriage, from Epiphany to Ash-Wednesday.

Bp. Hall.

Ophidian

OPHID'IAN, adjective [Greek, a serpent.] Pertaining to serpents; designating an order of vertebral animals destitute of feet or fins.

Ophidion

OPHID'ION, noun [Greek from, a serpent.] A fish of the anguilliform kind, resembling the common eel, but shorter, more depressed and of a paler color; found in the Mediterranean.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Ophiologic

OPHIOLOG'IC, or OPHIOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to ophiology.

Ophiologist

OPHIOL'OGIST, noun One versed in the natural history of serpents.

Ophiology

OPHIOL'OGY, noun [Greek, serpent, and, discourse.]

That part of natural history which treats of serpents, or which arranges and describes the several kinds.

Ed. Encyc.

Ophiomancy

OPHIOM'ANCY, noun [Greek, a serpent, and, divination.]

In antiquity, the art of divining or predicting events by serpents, as by their manner of eating or by their coils.

Encyc.

Ophiomorphous

OPHIOMORPH'OUS, adjective [Greek and, form.] Having the form of a serpent.

Ray.

Ophiophagous

OPHIOPH'AGOUS, adjective [Greek, a serpent, and, to eat.] Eating or feeding on serpents.

Brown.

Ophite

O'PHITE, noun [Greek, a serpent.] Pertaining to a serpent.

Holwell.

Ophite

O'PHITE, adjective [Greek, a serpent, whence, a stone spotted like a serpent.]

Green porphyry, or serpentine; a variety of greenstone of a dusky green color of different shades, sprinkled with spots of a lighter green; in other words, containing greenish white crystals of feldspar.

Cleaveland.

Ophiuchus

OPHIU'CHUS, noun [Greek; a serpent, and, to have.]

A constellation in the northern hemisphere.

Milton.

Ophthalmic

OPHTHAL'MIC, adjective [See Ophthalmy.] Pertaining to the eye.

Ophthalmoscopy

OPHTHALMOS'COPY, noun [Greek, the eye, and, to view.]

A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a man's temper and manner from the appearance of the eyes.

Encyc.

Ophthalmy

OPH'THALMY, noun [Greek, from, the eye.]

A disease of the eyes; an inflammation of the membranes which invest the eye.

Encyc.

Inflammation of the eye or its appendages.

Good.

Opiate

O'PIATE, noun [from opium.] Primarily, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium.

Encyc.

A soft electuary.

Electuaries when soft are called opiata.

Parr.

But in modern usage generally,

2. Any medicine that has the quality of inducing sleep or repose; a narcotic.

Encyc.

3. That which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets uneasiness.

They chose atheism as an opiate.

Bentley.

Opiate

O'PIATE, adjective Inducing sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; narcotic.

Bacon.

2. Causing rest or inaction.

Milton.

Opificer

OPIF'ICER, noun [Latin opifex; opus, work, and facio, to do.]

One who performs any work. [Not used.]

Bentley.

Opinable

OPI'NABLE, adjective [Latin opinor.] That may be thought. [Not used.]

Dict.

Opination

OPINA'TION, noun Act of thinking; opinion. [Not used.]

Dict.

Opinative

OPIN'ATIVE, adjective Stiff in opinion. [Not used.]

Burton.

Opinator

OPINA'TOR, noun One fond of his own opinions; one who holds an opinion. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Opine

OPI'NE, verb intransitive [Latin opinor.] To think; to suppose. Obs.

South.

Opined

OPI'NED, participle passive Thought; conceived. Obs.

Opiner

OPI'NER, noun One who thinks or holds an opinion. Obs.

Taylor.

Opiniaster

OPINIAS'TER, or OPINIAS'TROUS, or OPINIA'TRE, adjective [French opiniÃƒ-¢tre.] Unduly attached to one's own opinion, or stiff in adhering to it. Obs.

Raleigh.

Opiniate

OPIN'IATE, verb transitive To maintain one's opinion with obstinacy. Obs.

Barrow.

Opiniated

OPIN'IATED, adjective Unduly attached to one's own opinions.

Shenstone.

Opiniater

OPINIA'TER, adjective Stiff in opinion; obstinate. Obs.

Barrow.

Opiniative

OPIN'IATIVE, adjective Very stiff in adherence to preconceived notions.

Sandys.

2. Imagined; not proved.

Glanville.

Opiniativeness

OPIN'IATIVENESS, noun Undue stiffness in opinion.

Raleigh.

Opiniator

OPINIA'TOR, noun One unduly attached to his own opinion. Obs.

Opiniatry

OPIN'IATRY, noun Unreasonable attachment to one's own notions; obstinacy in opinions. Obs.

Brown.

Opining

OPI'NING, participle of the present tense Thinking. Obs.

Opining

OPI'NING, noun Opinion; notion. Obs.

Taylor.

Opinion

OPINION, noun opin'yon. [French id.; Latin opinio, from opinor, to think, Greek; or Arabic abana, to think, to suspect. The primary sense is to set, to fix in the mind, as in Latin suppono.]

1. The judgment which the mind forms of any proposition, statement, theory, or event, the truth or falsehood of which is supported by a degree of evidence that renders it probable, but does not produce absolute knowledge or certainty. It has been a received opinion that all matter is comprised in four elements. This opinion is proved by many discovcries to be false. From circumstances we form opinions respecting future events.

Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persuasion than to another, yet not without a mixture of uncertainty or doubting.

Hale.

2. The judgment or sentiments which the mind forms of persons or their qualities. We speak of a good opinion, a favorable opinion, a bad opinion, a private opinion, and public or general opinion, &c.

Friendship gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good opinion of his friend.

South.

3. Settled judgment or persuasion; as religious opinions; political opinion.

4. Favorable judgment; estimation.

In actions of arms, small matters are of great moment, especially when they serve to raise an opinion of commanders.

Hayward.

However, I have no opinion of these thingsÃ‚--

Bacon.

Opinion

OPIN'ION, verb transitive To think. [Not used.]

Brown.

Opinionate

OPIN'IONATE, or OPIN'IONATED, adjective Stiffin opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own opinion; obstinate in opinion.

Bedell.

Opinionately

OPIN'IONATELY, adverb Obstinately; conceitedly.

Feltham.

Opinionative

OPIN'IONATIVE, adjective Fond of preconceived notions; unduly attached to one's own opinions.

Burnet.

Opinionatively

OPIN'IONATIVELY, adverb With unduefondness for one's own opinions; stubbornly.

Opinionativeness

OPIN'IONATIVENESS, noun Excessive attachment to one's own opinions; obstinacy in opinion.

Opinioned

OPIN'IONED, adjective Attached to particular opinions; conceited.

South.

Opinionist

OPIN'IONIST, noun One fond of his own notions, or one unduly attached to his own opinions.

Glanville.

Opisthodome

OPIS'THODOME, noun [Greek, that is behind, and, house.]

In Greece, a part or place in the back part of a house.

Mitford.

Opium

O'PIUM, noun [Latin opium; Greek, from, juice.]

Opium is the inspissated juice of the capsules of the papaver somniferum, or somniferous white poppy with which the fields in Asia Minor are sown, as ours are with wheat and rye. It flows from incisions made in the heads of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported into Europe and America from the Levant and the East Indies. It is brought in cakes or masses weighing from eight ounces to a pound. It is heavy, of a dense texture, of a brownish yellow color, not perfectly dry, but easily receiving an impression from the finger; it has a dead and faint smell, and its taste is bitter and acrid. Opium is of great use as a medicine.

Hill. Encyc.

Ople-Tree

O'PLE-TREE, noun [Latin opulus.] The witch-hazel. Obs.

Ainsworth.

Opobalsam

OPOBAL'SAM, noun [Latin Greek, juice, and balsamum.]

The balm or balsam of Gilead. It has a yellowish or greenish yellow color, a warm bitterish aromatic taste, and an acidulous fragrant smell. It is held in esteem as a medicine and as an odoriferous unguent and cosmetic. The shrub or tree producing this balsam is of the genus Amyris, and grows spontaneously in Arabia Felix.

Encyc.

Opodeldoc

OPODEL'DOC, noun The name of a plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus; but in modern usage,

2. A saponaceous camphorated liniment; a solution of soap in ardent spirits, with the addition of camphor and essential oils.

Nicholson.

Opopanax

OPO'PANAX, noun [Latin; Greek, juice, and, a plant.]

A gum-resin of a tolerably firm texture, brought in loose granules or drops, sometimes in larger masses. This substance on the outside is of a brownish red color, with specks of white, and within of a dusky yellow or whitish color. It has a strong smell and an acrid taste. It is obtained from the roots of an umbelliferous plant of the genus Pastinaca or parshep; and is brought from Turkey and the East Indies.

Encyc. Parr.

Opossum

OPOS'SUM, noun A quadruped of the genus Didelphis. It has a prehensile tail, like some of the monkeys, and is distinguished by a pouch or false belly, in which it protects and carries its young. The name is also given to other species of the genus, some of which want the pouch.

Encyc. Cuvier.

Oppidan

OP'PIDAN, noun [Latin oppidanus, from oppidum, a city or town.] An inhabitant of a town. [Not used.]

Wood.

2. An appellation given to the students of Eton school in England.

Mason.

Oppidan

OP'PIDAN, adjective Pertaining to a town. [Not used.]

Howell.

Oppignerate

OPPIG'NERATE, v.t. [Latin oppignero; ob and pignero, to pledge, from pignus, pledge.] To pledge; to pawn. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Oppilate

OP'PILATE, v.t. [Latin oppilo; ob and pilo, to drive.]

To crowd together; to fill with obstructions.

Oppilation

OPPILA'TION, noun The act of filling or crowding together; a stopping by redundant matter; obstructions, particularly in the lower intestines.

Encyc. Harvey.

Oppilative

OP'PILATIVE, adjective [French oppilatif.] Obstructive.

Sherwood.

Oppleted

OPPLE'TED, adjective [Latin oppletus.] Filled; crowded. [Not in use.]

Oppone

OPPO'NE, v t. [Latin oppono; ob and pono, to put.] To oppose. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Opponency

OPPO'NENCY, noun [See Opponent.] The opening of an academical disputation; the proposition of objections to a tenet; an exercise for a degree. [I believe not used in America.]

Todd.

Opponent

OPPO'NENT, adjective [Latin opponens, oppono; ob and pono, to set, put or lay, that is, to thrust against; Hebrew Syriac Chaldee Arabic to build, that is, to set, to found, Latin fundo.] That opposes; opposite; adverse.

Prior.

Opponent

OPPO'NENT, noun One that opposes; particularly, one that opposes in controversy, disputation or argument. It is sometimes applied to the person that begins a dispute by raising objections to a tenet or doctrine, and is correlative to defendant or respondent. In common usage, however, it is applicable to either party in a controversy, denoting any person who opposes another or his cause. Opponent may sometimes be used for adversary, and for antagonist, but not with strict propriety, as the word does not necessarily imply enmity nor bodily strife. Nor is it well used in the sense of rival or competitor.

Opportune

OPPORTU'NE, adjective [Latin opportunus; ob and porto, to bear or bring; probably from the root of fero or porto, to bear. The sense of the verb opporto, would be to bring to or upon. See Import, Importune. In this and all words of like signification, the primary sense is to fall, come or bring to. See Luck, Fortune, Season.]

Properly, having come or being present at a proper time; hence, seasonable; timely; well timed. It agrees with seasonable rather than with convenient, though the sense of the latter may be included in it.

Perhaps in view

Of those bright confines, whence with neighboring arms,

And opportune excursion, we may chance Re-enter heaven.

Milton.

Opportunely

OPPORTU'NELY, adverb Seasonably; at a time favorable for the purpose. It has been applied to place, as well as to time, but its proper application is to time, and hence it accords with seasonably, rather than with conveniently.

Opportunity

OPPORTU'NITY, noun [Latin opportunitas.] Fit or convenient time; a time favorable for the purpose; suitable time combined with other favorable circumstances. Suitableness of time is the predominant signification, but it includes generally circumstances of place and other conveniences adapted to the end desired.

A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.

Bacon.

I had an opportunity to see the cloud descend.

Brown.

Neglect no opportunity of doing good.

Atterbury.

2. Convenient means. I had an opportunity of sending the letter, or no opportunity to send it. Opportunities rarely occur or frequently offer.

Opposal

OPPO'SAL, n. s as z. Opposition. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Oppose

OPPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French opposer; ob and poser, to set; Latin oppono, opposui. It is doubtful whether French poser, and the preter it and participle passive of the Latin verb belong to pono. The change of n into s is unusual. Two different verbs may be used, as in Latin fero, tuli. See Pose.]

1. To set against; to put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail, and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy or prevent effect; as, to oppose one argument to another.

I may without presumption oppose my single opinion to his.

Locke.

2. To act against; to resist, either by physical means, by arguments or other means. The army opposed the progress of the enemy, but without success. Several members of the house strenuously opposed the bill, but it passed.

3. To check; to resist effectually. The army was not able to oppose the progress of the enemy.

4. To place in front; to set opposite.

Shak.

5. To act against, as a competitor.

Oppose

OPPO'SE, v. i. s as z. To act adversely; with against; as, a servant opposed against the act. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. To object or act against in controversy.

Johnson.

Opposed

OPPO'SED, participle passive Set in opposition; resisted.

2. adjective Being in opposition in principle or in act; adverse.

Certain characters were formerly opposed to it.

Federalist, Jay.

Opposeless

OPPO'SELESS, adjective Not to be opposed; irresistible. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Opposer

OPPO'SER, noun One that opposes; an opponent in party, in principle, in controversy or argument. We speak of the opposers of public measures; the opposers of ecclesiastical discipline; an opposer or of christianity or of orthodoxy.

2. One who acts in opposition; one who resists; as an opposer of law or of the execution of law.

3. An antagonist; an adversary; an enemy; a rival.

Opposite

OP'POSITE, adjective [French from Latin oppositus.]

1. Standing or situated in front; facing; as an edifice opposite to the Exchange. Brooklyn lies opposite to New York, or on the opposite side of the river.

2. Adverse; repugnant.

Ã‚--Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pleasure opposite to that designed in an epic poem.

Dryden.

3. Contrary; as words of opposite significations; opposite terms. The medicine had an effect opposite to what was expected.

4. In botany, growing in pairs, each pair decussated or crossing that above and below it; as opposite leaves or branches.

Martyn.

Opposite

OP'POSITE, noun An opponent; an adversary; an enemy; an antagonist.

Shak. Dryden.

2. That which is opposed or contrary.

Oppositely

OP'POSITELY, adverb In front; in a situation to face each other.

Grew.

2. Adversely; against each other.

Winds from all quarters oppositely blow.

May.

Oppositeness

OP'POSITENESS, noun The state of being opposite or contrary.

Oppositifolious

OPPOSITIFO'LIOUS, adjective [Latin oppositus and folium, a leaf.]

In botany, opposite to the leaf; as an oppositifolious peduncle.

Lee.

Opposition

OPPOSI'TION, noun [Latin oppositio.] Situation so as to front something else; a standing over against; as the opposition of two mountains or buildings.

2. The act of opposing; attempt to check, restrain or defeat. He makes opposition to the measure; the bill passed without opposition. Will any opposition be made to the suit, to the claim or demand?

3. Obstacle. The river meets with no opposition in its course to the ocean.

4. Resistance; as the opposition of enemies. Virtue will break through all opposition.

5. Contrariety; repugnance in principle; as the opposition of the heart to the laws of God.

6. Contrariety of interests, measures or designs. The two parties are in opposition to each other.

7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning; as one term used in opposition to another.

8. Contradiction; inconsistency.

Locke.

9. The collective body of opposers; in England, the party in Parliament which opposes the ministry; in America, the party that opposes the existing administration.

10. In astronomy, the situation of two heavenly bodies, when distant from each other 180 degrees.

Oppositionist

OPPOSI'TIONIST, noun One that belongs to the party opposing the administration.

Oppositive

OPPOS'ITIVE, adjective That may be put in opposition.

Hall.

Oppress

OPPRESS, verb transitive [French oppresser; Latin oppresus, from opprimo; ob and premo, to press.]

1. To load or burden with unreasonable impositions; to treat with unjust severity, rigor or hardship; as, to oppress a nation with taxes or contributions; to oppress one by compelling him to perform unreasonable service.

2. To overpower; to overburden; as, to be oppressed with grief.

3. To sit or lie heavy on; as, excess of food oppresses the stomach.

Oppressed

OPPRESS'ED, participle passive Burdened with unreasonable impositions; overpowered; overburdened; depressed.

Oppressing

OPPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Overburdening.

Oppression

OPPRES'SION, noun The act of oppressing; the imposition of unreasonable burdens, either in taxes or services; cruelty; severity.

2. The state of being oppressed or overburdened; misery.

Shak.

The LordÃ‚--saw the oppression of Israel. 2 Kings 13.

3. Hardship; calamity.

Addison.

4. Depression; dullness of spirits; lassitude of body.

Arbuthnot.

5. A sense of heaviness or weight in the breast, &c.

Oppressive

OPPRESS'IVE, adjective Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe; as oppressive taxes; oppressive exactions of service.

2. Tyrannical; as an oppressive government.

3. Heavy; overpowering; overwhelming; as oppressive grief or wo.

Oppressively

OPPRESS'IVELY, adverb In a manner to oppress; with unreasonable severity.

Burke.

Oppressiveness

OPPRESS'IVENESS, noun The quality of being oppressive.

Oppressor

OPPRESS'OR, noun One that oppresses; one that imposes unjust burdens on others; one that harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity.

Power when employed to relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor, becomes a great blessing.

Swift.

Opprobrious

OPPRO'BRIOUS, adjective [See Opprobrium.]

1. Reproachful and contemptuous; scurrilous; as opprobrious language; opprobrious words or terms.

2. Blasted with infamy; despised; rendered hateful; as an opprobrious name.

Milton. Daniel.

Opprobriously

OPPRO'BRIOUSLY, adverb With reproach mingled with contempt; scurrilously.

Shak.

Oppobriousness

OPPO'BRIOUSNESS, noun Reproachfulness mingled with contempt; scurrility.

Opprobrium

OPPRO'BRIUM, noun [Latin ob and probrum, disgrace.]

Reproach mingled with contempt or disdain.

Oppugn

OPPUGN, v. t. oppu'ne. [Latin oppugno; ob and pugno, to fight, from pugnus, the fist, Spanish puÃƒ-±o, French poing.]

To attack; to oppose; to resist.

They said the manner of their impeachment they could not but conceive did oppugn the rights of parliament.

Clarendon.

[It is never used in the literal sense, to fight.]

Oppugnancy

OPPUG'NANCY, noun Opposition; resistance.

Shak.

Oppugnation

OPPUGNA'TION, noun Opposition; resistance.

Hall.

Oppugned

OPPUGNED, pp. oppu'ned. Opposed; resisted.

Oppugner

OPPUGNER, n. oppu'ner. One who opposes or attacks; that which opposes.

Boyle.

Oppugning

OPPUGNING, ppr. oppu'ning. Attacking; opposing.

Opsimathy

OPSIM'ATHY, noun [Greek; late, and, to learn.] Late education; education late in life. [Little used.]

Hales.

Opsonation

OPSONA'TION, noun [Latin obsono, to cater.]

A catering; a buying of provisions. [Not used.]

Dict.

Optable

OP'TABLE, adjective [Latin optabilis, from opto, to desire.] Desirable. [Not used.]

Optation

OPTA'TION, noun [Latin optatio.] A desiring; the expression of a wish.

Peacham.

Optative

OP'TATIVE, adjective [Latin optativus, from opto, to desire or wish.]

Expressing desire or wish. The optative mode, in grammar, is that from of the verb in which wish or desire is expressed.

Optative

OP'TATIVE, noun Something to be desired. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Optic

OP'TIC or OP'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to see; the eye.] Relating or pertaining to vision or sight.

2. Relating to the science of optics. Optic angle, is that which the optic axes of the eyes make with one another, as they tend to meet at some distance before the eyes.

Optic axis, is the axis of the eye, or a line going through the middle of the pupil and the center of the eye.

Encyc.

Optic

OP'TIC, noun An organ of sight.

Trumbull.

Optician

OPTI'CIAN, noun A person skilled in the science of optics.

Smith.

2. One who makes or sells optic glasses and instruments.

Adams.

Optics

OP'TICS, noun The science which treats of light and the phenomena of vision.

Encyc.

Optimacy

OP'TIMACY, noun [Latin optimates, grandees, from optimus, best.] The body of nobles; the nobility.

Howell.

Optimism

OP'TIMISM, noun [Latin optimus, best.] The opinion or doctrine that every thing in nature is ordered for the best; or the order of things in the universe that is adapted to produce the most good.

The true and amiable philosophy of optimism.

Walsh.

A system of strict optimism may be the real system in both cases.

Paley.

Optimity

OPTIM'ITY, noun The state of being best.

Option

OP'TION, noun [Latin optio, from opto, to wish or desire.]

1. The power of choosing; the right of choice or election; as the archbishop's option in collating to a vacant benefice.

There is an option left to the U. States of America, whether they will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a nation.

Washington.

2. The power of wishing; wish.

3. Choice; election; preference. He ought not to complain of his lot; it was his own option. We leave this to your own option.

Optional

OP'TIONAL, adjective Left to one's wish or choice; depending on choice or preference. It is optional with you to go or stay.

2. Leaving something to choice.

Original writs are either optional or peremptory.

Blackstone.

Opulence

OP'ULENCE, noun [Latin opulentia, from opes, wealth.] Wealth; riches; affluence. [Opulency is little used.]

Swift.

Opulent

OP'ULENT, adjective [Latin opulentus.] Wealthy; rich; affluent; having a large estate or property.

Bacon. South.

Opulently

OP'ULENTLY, adverb Richly; with abundance or splendor.

Opuscule

OPUS'CULE, noun [Latin opusculum.] A small work.

Jones.

Or

OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a contraction of vir, a man, or from the same radix. The same word vir, is in our mother tongue, wer, and from this we have the English termination er.

It denotes an agent, as in actor, creditor.

We annex it to many words of English origin, as in lessor, as we do er to words of Latin and Greek origin, as in astronomer, laborer, In general, or is annexed to words of Latin, and er to those of English origin.

Or

OR, conj. [Saxon other; German oder. It seems that or is a mere contraction of other.]

A connective that marks an alternative.

"You may read or may write;" that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to either. You may either ride to London, or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either. He may study law or medicine or divinity, or he may enter into trade.

Or sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case it expresses an alternative with the foregoing sentence. Matthew 7 and 9.

In poetry, or is sometimes used for either.

For thy vast bounties are so numberless,

That them or to conceal or else to tell

Is equally impossible.

Cowley.

Or is often used to express an alternative of terms, definitions or explanations of the same thing in different words. Thus we say, a thing is a square, or a figure under four equal sides and angles.

Or ever. In this phrase, or is supposed to be a corruption of ere, Saxon oere, before; that is, before ever.

Or

OR, in heraldry, gold. [French or, Latin aurum.]

Orach

OR'ACH, or OR'RACH, noun A plant of the genus Atriplex, used as a substitute for spinage.

Encyc.

Wild orach is of the genus Chenopodium.

Oracle

OR'ACLE, noun [French from Latin oraculum, from oro, to utter; Spanish oraculo; Irish oracolo.]

1. Among pagans, the answer of a god or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry made respecting some affair of importance, usually respecting some future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle.

2. The deity who gave or was supposed to give answers to inquiries; as the Delphic oracle.

3. The place where the answers were given.

Encyc.

4. Among christians, oracles, in the plural, denotes the communications, revelations or messages delivered by God to prophets. In this sense it is rarely used in the singular; but we say, the oracles of God, divine oracles, meaning the Scriptures.

5. The sanctuary or most holy place in the temple, in which was deposited the ark of the covenant. 1 Kings 6.

6. Any person or place where certain decisions are obtained.

Pope.

7. Any person reputed uncommonly wise, whose determinations are not disputed, or whose opinions are of great authority.

8. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.

Oracle

OR'ACLE, verb intransitive To utter oracles.

Milton.

Oracular

ORAC'ULAR, or ORAC'ULOUS, adjective Uttering oracles; as an oracular tongue.

The oraculous seer.

Pope.

2. Grave; venerable; like an oracle; as an oracular shade.

They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity and shortness in the expression.

Pope.

3. Positive; authoritative; magisterial; as oraculous expressions of sentiments.

Glanville.

4. Obscure; ambiguous, like the oracles of pagan deities.

King.

Oracularly

ORAC'ULARLY, or ORAC'ULOUSLY, adverb In the manner of an oracle.

Brown.

2. Authoritatively; positively.

Burke.

Oraculousness

ORAC'ULOUSNESS, noun The state of being oracular.

Oraison

OR'AISON, noun [French oraison; Latin oratio.] Prayer; verbal supplication or oral worship; now written orison.

Shak. Dryden.

Oral

O'RAL, adjective [French from Latin os, oris, the mouth.] Uttered by the mouth or in words; spoken, not written; as oral traditions; oral testimony; oral law.

Addison.

Orally

O'RALLY, adverb By mouth; in words, without writing; as traditions derived orally from ancestors.

Orange

OR'ANGE, noun [French from Latin aurantium; so named from aurum, gold, which the orange resembles in color; Italian arancio; Spanish naranjo; Portugese laranja; Dutch oranje; German orange.]

The fruit of a species of Citrus which grows in warm climates. The fruit is round and depressed; it has a rough rind, which when ripe is yellow. This contains a vesicular pulp inclosed in nine cells for seeds. The tree producing oranges grows to the highth of ten or twelve feet and bears the same name.

Orange-Musk

OR'ANGE-MUSK, noun A species of pear.

Orange-Peel

OR'ANGE-PEEL, noun The rind of an orange separated from the fruit.

Orangery

OR'ANGERY, noun [French orangerie.] A plantation of orange trees.

Johnson.

Orange-Tawny

OR'ANGE-TAWNY, adjective Of the color of an orange.

Bacon.

Orange-Wife

OR'ANGE-WIFE, noun A woman that sells oranges.

Orang-Outang

ORANG-OU'TANG, noun The satyr or great ape (Simia satyrus,) an animal with a flat face and deformed resemblance of the human form. These animals walk erect like man, feed on fruits, sleep on trees, and make a shelter against inclemencies of the weather. They grow to tbe highth of six feet, are remarkably strong, and wield weapons with the hand. They are solitary animals, inhabiting the interior of Africa and the isles of Sumatra, Borneo and Java.

Encyc.

The orang-outang is found only in S. Eastern Asia. The African animal resembling it, is the chimpanzee (Simiatroglodytes.)

Cuvier.

Oration

ORA'TION, noun [Latin oratio, from oro, to pray, to utter.]

1. A speech or discourse composed according to the rules of oratory, and spoken in public. Orations may be reduced to three kinds; demonstrative, deliberative, and judicial.

Encyc.

2. In modern usage, an oration differs from a sermon, from an argument at the bar and from a speech before a deliberative assembly. The word is now applied chiefly to discourses pronounced on special occasions, as a funeral oration, an oration on some anniversary, &c. and to academic declamations.

3. A harangue; a public speech or address.

Orator

OR'ATOR, noun [Latin] A public speaker. In ancient Rome, orators were advocates for clients in the forum and before the senate and people. They were employed in causes of importance instead of the common patron.

Encyc.

2. In modern usage, a person who pronounces a discourse publicly on some special occasion, as on the celebration of some memorable event.

3. An eloquent public speaker; a speaker, by way of eminence. We say, a man writes and reasons well, but is no orator. Lord Chatham was an orator.

4. In France, a speaker in debate in a legislative body.

5. In chancery, a petitioner.

6. An officer in the universities in England.

Oratorial

ORATO'RIAL, or ORATOR'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to an orator or to oratory; rhetorical; becoming an orator. We say, a man has many oratorical flourishes, or he speaks in an oratorical way.

Watts.

Oratorially

ORATO'RIALLY, or ORATOR'ICALLY, adverb In a rhetorical manner.

Taylor.

Oratorio

ORATO'RIO, noun [Italian] In Italian music, a sacred drama of dialogues, containing recitatives, duets, trios, ritornellos, choruses, &c. The subjects are mostly taken from the Scriptures.

Encyc.

2. A place of worship; a chapel.

Oratory

OR'ATORY, noun [Low Latin oratoria, from orator.]

1. The art of speaking well, or of speaking according to the rules of rhetoric, in order to persuade. To constitute oratory, the speaking must be just and pertinent to the subject; it must be methodical, all parts of the discourse being disposed in due order and connection; and it must be embellished with the beauties of language and pronounced with eloquence. Oratory consists of four parts, invention, disposition, elocution, and pronunciation.

Encyc. Cyc.

2. Exercise of eloquence.

Arbuthnot.

3. Among the Romanists, a close apartment near a bed-chamber, furnished with an altar, a crucifix, &c. for private devotions.

4. A place allotted for prayer, or a place for public worship.

Hooker. Taylor.

Oratress

OR'ATRESS, or OR'ATRIX, noun A female orator.

Warner.

Orb

ORB, noun [Latin orbis; French Italian Spanish orbe.] A spherical body; as the celestial orbs.

2. In astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere.

Encyc.

3. A wheel; a circular body that revolves or rolls; as the orbs of a chariot.

Milton.

4. A circle; a sphere defined by a line; as, he moves in a larger orb.

Holiday. Shak.

5. A circle described by any mundane sphere; an orbit.

Dryden.

6. Period; revolution of time.

Shak.

7. The eye.

Milton.

8. In tactics, the circular form of a body of troops, or a circular body of troops.

Encyc.

The ancient astronomers conceived the heavens as consisting of several vast azure transparent orbs or spheres inclosing one another, and including the bodies of the planets.

Hutton.

Orb

ORB, verb transitive To form into a circle.

Milton.

Orbate

ORB'ATE, adjective [Latin orbatus.] Bereaved; fatherless; childless.

Orbation

ORBA'TION, noun [Latin orbatio, from orbo, to bereave.]

Privation of parents or children, or privation in general. [Not used.]

Orbed

ORB'ED, adjective Round; circular; orbicular.

Shak.

2. Formed into a circle or round shape.

Milton.

3. Rounded or covered on the exterior.

The wheels were orbed with gold.

Addison.

Orbic

ORB'IC, adjective Spherical.

Bacon.

Orbicular

ORBIC'ULAR, adjective [French orbiculaire, from Latin orbiculus.] Spherical; circular; in the form of an orb.

Milton. Addison.

Orbicularly

ORBIC'ULARLY, adverb Spherically.

Orbicularness

ORBIC'ULARNESS, noun Sphericity; the state of being orbicular.

Orbiculate

ORBIC'ULATE, or ORBIC'ULATED, adjective [Latin orbiculatus.] Made or being in the form of an orb. In botany, an orbiculate or orbicular leaf is one that has the periphery of a circle, or both its longitudinal and transverse diameters equal.

Martyn.

Orbiculation

ORBICULA'TION, noun The state of being made in the form of an orb.

More.

Orbis

ORB'IS, or ORB'-FISH, noun A fish of a circular form. It is covered with a firm hard skin full of small prickles, but is destitute of scales. It is unfit for food.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Orbit

ORB'IT, noun [French orbite; Latin orbita, a trace or track, from orbis, a wheel.]

1. In astronomy, the path of a planet or comet; the curve line which a planet describes in its periodical revolution round its central body; as the orbit of Jupiter or Mercury. The orbit of the earth is nearly one hundred and ninety millions of miles in diameter. The orbit of the moon is 480,000 miles in diameter. The orbits of the planets are elliptical.

2. A small orb. [Not proper.]

Young.

3. In anatomy, the cavity in which the eye is situated.

Orbital

ORB'ITAL, or ORBIT'UAL, adjective Pertaining to the orbit.

Med. Repos. Hooper.

[Orbital is the preferable word.]

Orbitude

ORB'ITUDE, or ORB'ITY, noun [Latin orbitas.] Bereavement by loss of parents or children. [Little used.]

Hall.

Orby

ORB'Y, adjective [from orb.] Resembling an orb.

Chapman.

Orc

ORC, noun [Latin orca; Greek.] A sea-fish, a species of whale.

Drayton.

The Delphinus orca is the grampus.

Orchal

ORCHAL, or ORCHEL, or ORCHIL [See Archil.]

Orchanet

OR'CHANET, noun A plant, [Anchusa tinctoria.]

Ainsworth.

Orchard

OR'CHARD, noun [Saxon ortgeard; Gothic aurtigards; Danish urtegaard; Swedish ?rtegÃƒ-¥rd; that is, wort-yard, a yard for herbs. The Germans call it baumgarten, tree-garden, and the Dutch boomgaard, tree-yard. See Yard.]

An inclosure for fruit trees. In Great Britain, a department of the garden appropriated to fruit trees of all kinds, but chiefly to apple trees. In America, any piece of land set with apple trees, is called an orchard; and orchards are usually cultivated land, being either grounds for mowing or tillage. In some parts of the country, a piece of ground planted with peach trees is called a peach-orchard. But in most cases, I believe the orchard in both countries is distinct from the garden.

Orcharding

OR'CHARDING, noun The cultivation of orchards.

Evelyn.

2. Orchards in general.

U. States.

Orchardist

OR'CHARDIST, noun One that cultivates orchards.

Orchester

OR'CHESTER, or OR'CHESTRA, noun [Latin orchestra; Greek, from, a dancer, from, to dance; originally, the place for the chorus of dancers.]

1. The part of a theater or other public place appropriated to the musicians. In the Grecian theaters, the orchester was a part of the stage; it was of a semicircular form and surrounded with seats. In the Roman theaters, it was no part of the scena, but answered nearly to the pit in modern play houses, and was occupied by senators and other persons of distinction.

Encyc.

2. The body of performers in the orchester.

Busby.

Orchestral

OR'CHESTRAL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to an orchester; suitable for or performed in the orchester.

Busby.

Orchis

OR'CHIS, noun [Latin orchis; Greek.] A genus of plants, called fool-stones.

Encyc.

Ord

ORD, noun [Saxon] An edge or point; as in ordhelm.

Ord signifies beginning; as in ords and ends.

Ordain

ORDA'IN, verb transitive [Latin ordino, from ordo, order; French ordonner; Italian ordinare; Spanish ordenar; Irish orduighim.]

1. Properly, to set; to establish in a particular office or order; hence, to invest with a ministerial function or sacerdotal power; to introduce and establish or settle in the pastoral office with the customary forms and solemnities; as, to ordain a minister of the gospel. In America, men are ordained over a particular church and congregation, or as evangelists without the charge of a particular church, or as deacons in the episcopal church.

2. To appoint; to decree.

Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. 1 Kings 12.

As many as were ordained to eternal life, believed. Acts 13.

The fatal tent,

The scene of death and place ordained for punishment.

Dryden.

3. To set; to establish; to institute; to constitute.

Mulmutius

Ordained our laws.

Shak.

4. To set apart for an office; to appoint.

Jesus ordained twelve that they should be with him. Mark 3.

5. To appoint; to prepare.

For Tophet is ordained of old. Isaiah 30.

Ordainable

ORDA'INABLE, adjective That may be appointed.

Hall.

Ordained

ORDA'INED, participle passive Appointed; instituted; established; invested with ministerial or pastoral functions; settled.

Ordainer

ORDA'INER, noun One who ordains, appoints or invests with sacerdotal powers.

Ordaining

ORDA'INING, participle of the present tense Appointing; establishing; investing with sacerdotal or pastoral functions.

Ordeal

OR'DEAL, noun [Saxon ordal or ordoel; German urtheil; Dutch ordeel. The last syllable is deal, to divide or distribute. The sense of the prefix is less obvious. Wilkins supposes or to signify without, as in some Saxon words it has that sense, and ordeal to signify without difference or distinction of persons, entire judgment. In Saxon, ord signifies origin, cause, beginning, prime. In German ur signifies prime, very, original; urwort, primitive word. In Dutch, oor is the ear; oorlog, war. But this prefix would seem to be the same as in furlow [furlough]; for in German urlaub, Dutch oorlof, Danish orlov, Swedish orlof, is a furlow, and this indicates that or is a corruption of far or for. In Welsh, this word is gordal, which Owen compounds of gor, high, superior, extreme, above, and tÃƒ-¢l, reward, requital; and gordal signifies not only ordeal, but an over-payment, a making satisfaction over and above. Or then may signify out,

away, and in ordeal may denote ultimate, final. But the real sense is not obvious. The practice of ordeal however seems to have had its origin in the belief that the substances used had each its particular presiding deity that had perfect control over it.]

1. An ancient form of trial to determine guilt or innocence, practiced by the rude nations of Europe, and still practiced in the East Indies. In England, the ordeal was of two sorts, fire-ordeal and water-ordeal; the former being confined to persons of higher rank, the latter to the common people. Both might be performed by deputy, but the principal was to answer for the success of the trial.

Fire-ordeal was performed either by taking in the hand a piece of red hot iron, or by walking barefout and blindfold over nine red hot plowshares laid lengthwise at unequal distances; and if the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent, otherwise he was condemned as guilty.

Water-ordeal was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, or by casting the person suspected into a river or pond of cold water, and if he floated without an effort to swim, it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk he was acquitted.

Both in England and Sweden, the clergy presided at this trial. It was at last condemned as unlawful by the canon law, and in England it was abolished by an order in council of Henry III.

Blackstone.

It is probable our proverbial phrase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal; as also the trial of witches by water.

2. Severe trial; accurate scrutiny.

Order

OR'DER, noun [Latin ordo; [qu. Pers., radah, order, series;] French ordre; Italian ordine; Spanish orden; Swedish Danish German Russian id.; Irish ord; but all from the Latin except the Persian.]

1. Regular disposition or methodical arrangement of things; a word of extensive application; as the order of troops on parade; the order of books in a library; the order of proceedings in a legislative assembly. Order is the life of business.

Good order is the foundation of all good things.

Burke.

2. Proper state; as the muskets are all in good order. When the bodily organs are in order, a person is in health; when they are out of order, he is indisposed.

3. Adherence to the point in discussion, according to established rules of debate; as, the member is not in order, that is, he wanders from the question.

4. Established mode of proceeding. The motion is not in order.

5. Regularity; settled mode of operation. This fact could not occur in the order of nature; it is against the natural order of things.

6. Mandate; precept; command; authoritative direction. I have received an order from the commander in chief. The general gave orders to march. There is an order of council to issue letters of marque.

7. Rule; regulation; as the rules and orders of a legislative house.

8. Regular government or discipline. It is necessary for society that good order should be observed. The meeting was turbulent; it was impossible to keep order.

9. Rank; class; division of men; as the order of nobles; the order of priests; the higher orders of society; men of the lowest order; order of knights; military orders, &c.

10. A religious fraternity; as the order of Benedictines.

11. A division of natural objects, generally intermediate between class and genus. The classes, in the Linnean artificial system, are divided into orders, which include one or more genera. Linne also arranged vegetables, in his natural system, into groups of genera, called orders. In the natural system of Jussieu, orders are subdivisions of classes.

12. Measures; care. Take some order for the safety and support of the soldiers.

Provide me soldiers

Whilst I take order for my own affairs.

Shak.

13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the subject.

Encyc.

14. The title of certain ancient books containing the divine office and manner of its performance.

Encyc.

15. In architecture, a system of several members, ornaments and proportions of columns and pilasters; or a regular arrangement of the projecting parts of a building, especially of the columns, so as to form one beautiful whole. The orders are five, the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. The order consists of two principal members, the column, and the entablature, each of which is composed of three principal parts. Those of the column are the base, the shaft, and the capital; those of the entablature are the architrave, the frize, and the cornice. The highth of the Tuscan column is 14 modules or semidiameters of the shaft at the bottom, and that of the entablature 3 1/2. The highth of the Doric order is 16 modules and that of the entablature 4; that of the Ionic is 18 modules, and that of the entablature 4 1/2, that of the Corinthian order is 20 modules, and that of the entablature 5. The highth of the Composite order agrees with that of the Corinthian.

Encyc.

In orders, set apart for the performance of divine service; ordained to the work of the gospel ministry.

In order, for the purpose; to the end; as means to an end. The best knowledge is that which is of the greatest use in order to our eternal happiness.

General orders, the commands or notices which a military commander in chief issues to the troops under his command.

Order

OR'DER, verb transitive To regulate; to methodize; to systemize; to adjust; to subject to system in management and execution; as, to order domestic affairs with prudence.

2. To lead; to conduct; to subject to rules or laws.

To him that ordereth his conversation aright, will I show the salvation of God. Ps. 1.

3. To direct; to command. The general ordered his troops to advance.

4. To manage; to treat.

How shall we order the child? Judges 13.

5. To ordain. [Not used.]

Whitgifte.

6. To direct; to dispose in any particular manner.

Order my steps in thy word. Psalm 119.

Order

OR'DER, verb intransitive To give command or direction.

Milton.

Ordered

OR'DERED, participle passive Regulated; methodized; disposed; commanded; managed.

Orderer

OR'DERER, noun One that gives orders.

2. One that methodizes or regulates.

Ordering

OR'DERING, participle of the present tense Regulating; systemizing; commanding; disposing.

Ordering

OR'DERING, noun Disposition; distribution.

2 Chronicles 24.

Orderless

OR'DERLESS, adjective Without regularity; disorderly; out of rule.

Shak.

Orderliness

OR'DERLINESS, noun [from orderly.] Regularity; a state of being methodical.

2. The state of being orderly.

Orderly

OR'DERLY, adjective Methodical; regular.

Hooker.

2. Observant of order or method.

Chapman.

3. Well regulated; performed in good order; not tumultuous; as an orderly march.

Clarendon.

4. According to established method.

Hooker.

5. Not unruly; not inclined to break from inclosures; peaceable. We say, cattle are orderly.

Orderly book, in military affairs, a book for every company, in which the sergeants write general and regimental orders.

Cyc.

Orderly sergeant, a military officer who attends on a superior officer.

Orderly

OR'DERLY, adverb Methodically; according to due order; regularly; according to rule.

Shak.

Ordinability

ORDINABIL'ITY, noun Capability of being appointed. [Not used.]

Bull.

Ordinable

OR'DINABLE, adjective Such as may be appointed. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Ordinal

OR'DINAL, adjective [Latin ordinalis; French ordinal.] Noting order; as the ordinal numbers, first, second, third, &c.

Ordinal

OR'DINAL, noun A number noting order.

2. A book containing the order of divine service; a ritual.

Encyc.

Ordinance

OR'DINANCE, noun [Italian ordinanza; French ordonnance.]

1. A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action. An ordinance may be a law or statute of sovereign power. In this sense it is often used in the Scriptures. Exodus 15. Numbers 10. Ez. 3. It may also signify a decree, edict or rescript, and the word has sometimes been applied to the statutes of Parliament, but these are usually called acts or laws. In the United States, it is never applied to the acts of Congress, or of a state legislature.

2. Observance commanded.

Taylor.

3. Appointment.

Shak.

4. Established rite or ceremony. Hebrews 9. In this sense, baptism and the Lord's supper are denominated ordinances.

Ordinant

OR'DINANT, adjective [Latin ordinans.] Ordaining; decreeing. [Not used.]

Shak.

Ordinarily

OR'DINARILY, adverb Primarily, according to established rules or settled method; hence, commonly; usually; in most cases as a winter more than ordinarily severe.

Glanville.

Ordinary

OR'DINARY, adjective [Latin ordinarius.] According to established order; methodical; regular; customary; as the ordinary forms of law or justice.

Addison.

2. Common; usual.

Method is not less requisite in ordinary conversation than in writing.

Addison.

3. Of common rank; not distinguished by superior excellence; as an ordinary reader; men of ordinary judgment.

Hooker.

4. Plain; not handsome; as an ordinary woman; a person of an ordinary form; an ordinary face.

5. Inferior; of little merit; as, the book is an ordinary performance.

6. An ordinary seaman is one not expert or fully skilled.

Ordinary

OR'DINARY, noun In the common and canon law, one who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge. In England, the bishop of the diocese is commonly the ordinary, and the archbishop is the ordinary of the whole province. The ordinary of assizes and sessions was formerly a deputy of the bishop, appointed to give malefactors their neck-verses. The ordinary of Newgate is one who attends on condemned malefactors to prepare them for death.

Encyc.

2. Settled establishment.

Bacon.

3. Regular price of a meal.

Shak.

4. A place of eating where the prices are settled.

Swift.

5. The establishment of persons employed by government to take charge of ships of war laid up in harbors. Hence a ship in ordinary is one laid up under the direction of the master attendant.

In ordinary, in actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; as a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An embassador in ordinary, is one constantly resident at a foreign court.

Ordinate

OR'DINATE, verb transitive To appoint. [Not used.]

Ordinate

OR'DINATE, adjective [Latin ordinatus.] Regular; methodical. An ordinate figure is one whose sides and angles are equal.

Ray.

Ordinate

OR'DINATE, noun In geometry and conic sections, a line drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis to the other side.

Encyc.

An ordinate is a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of a curve and terminating the curvilinear space.

Bp. Berkley. Todd.

Ordinates of a curve, right lines parallel to one another, terminated by the curve, and bisected by a right line called the diameter.

Cyc.

Ordinately

OR'DINATELY, adverb In a regular methodical manner.

Skelton.

Ordination

ORDINA'TION, noun [Latin ordinatio.] The state of being ordained or appointed; established order or tendency consequent on a decree.

Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively.

Norris.

2. The act of conferring holy orders or sacerdotal power; called also consecration.

Encyc.

3. In the presbyterian and congregational churches, the act of settling or establishing a licensed clergyman over a church and congregation with pastoral charge and authority; also, the act of conferring on a clergyman the powers of a settled minister of the gospel, without the charge or oversight of a particular church, but with the general powers of an evangelist, who is authorized to form churches and administer the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper, wherever he may be called to officiate.

Ordinative

OR'DINATIVE, adjective Directing; giving order.

Cotgrave.

Ordnance

ORD'NANCE, noun [from ordinance.] Cannon or great guns, mortars and howitzers; artillery.

Ordonnance

OR'DONNANCE, noun [French] In painting, the disposition of the parts of a picture, either in regard to the whole piece or to the several parts.

Cyc.

Ordure

OR'DURE, noun [French] Dung; excrements.

Shak.

Ore

ORE, noun [Saxon ore, ora; Dutch erts; German erz. Qu. Latin oes, oeris, brass; Rabbinic, a mineral.]

1. The compound of a metal and some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, called its mineralizer, by which its properties are disguised or lost. Metals found free from such combination and exhibiting naturally their appropriate character, are not called ores, but native metals.

Dutch Olmsted.

2. Metal; as the liquid ore.

Milton.

Oread

O'READ, noun [from Greek, mountain.] A mountain nymph.

Milton.

Ore-Weed

OR'E-WEED, or OR'E-WOOD, noun Sea weed. [Not used.]

Carew.

Orfgild

ORF'GILD, noun [Saxon orf, cattle, and geld, payment.]

The restitution of goods or money stolen, if taken in the day time.

Ainsworth.

Orfrays

OR'FRAYS, noun [French orfroi.] Fringe of gold; gold embroidery.

Chaucer.

Orgal

OR'GAL, noun Argal; lees of wine dried; tartar.

Encyc.

Organ

OR'GAN, noun [Latin organum; Greek; Spanish Italian organo; French organe; Dutch German orgel; Pers. Arabic arganon.]

1. A natural instrument of action or operation, or by which some process is carried on. Thus the arteries and veins of animal bodies are organs of circulation; the lungs are organs of respiration; the nerves are organs of perception and sensation; the muscles are organs of motion; the ears are organs of hearing; the tongue is the organ of speech.

2. The instrument or means of conveyance or communication. A secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power.

3. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments of music, consisting of pipes which are filled with wind, and stops touched by the fingers. It is blown by a bellows.

Johnson. Encyc.

Organ-Builder

OR'GAN-BUILDER, noun An artist whose occupation is to construct organs.

Organic

ORGAN'IC, or ORGAN'ICAL, adjective [Latin organicus.] Pertaining to an organ or to organs; consisting of organs or contain- ing them; as the organic structure of the human body or of plants.

2. Produced by the organs; as organic pleasure.

Kames.

3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or art to a certain end; as organic arts.

Milton.

Organic bodies, are such as possess organs, on the action of which depend their growth and perfection; as animals and plants.

Organically

ORGAN'ICALLY, adverb With organs; with organical structure or disposition of parts. The bodies of animals and plants are organically framed.

2. By means of organs.

Organicalness

ORGAN'ICALNESS, noun The state of being organical.

Johnson.

Organism

OR'GANISM, noun Organical structure; as the organism of bodies.

Grew.

Organist

OR'GANIST, noun One who plays on the organ.

Boyle.

2. One who sung in parts; an old musical use of the word.

Organization

ORGANIZA'TION, noun The act or process of forming organs or instruments of action.

2. The act of forming or arranging the parts of a compound or complex body in a suitable manner for use or service; the act of distributing into suitable divisions and appointing the proper officers, as an army or a government.

The first organization of the general government.

Pickering.

3. Structure; form; suitable disposition of parts which are to act together in a compound body.

Locke.

Organize

OR'GANIZE, verb transitive [French organiser; Italian organizzare; Spanish organizar.]

1. To form with suitable organs; to construct so that one part may cooperate with another.

Those nobler faculties of the soul organized matter could never produce.

Ray.

2. To sing in parts; as, to organize the halleluiah.

Busby.

3. To distribute into suitable parts and appoint proper officers, that the whole may act as one body; as, to organize an army. So we say, to organize the house of representatives, which is done by the appointment of officers and verification of the powers of the several members. So we say, a club, a party or a faction is organized, when it takes a systemized form.

This original and supreme will organizes the government.

Welsh Cranch.

Organized

OR'GANIZED, participle passive Formed with organs; constructed organically; systemized; reduced to a form in which all the parts may act together to one end. Animals and plants are organized bodies. Minerals are not organized bodies.

Organizing

OR'GANIZING, participle of the present tense Constructing with suitable organs; reducing to system in order to produce united action to one end.

Organ-Loft

OR'GAN-LOFT, noun The loft where an organ stands.

Tatler.

Organographic

ORGANOGRAPH'IC, or ORGANOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to organography.

Organography

ORGANOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek and.]

In botany, a description of the organs of plants, or of the names and kinds of their organs.

Decandolle.

Organ-Pipe

OR'GAN-PIPE, noun The pipe of a musical organ.

Shak.

Organ-Stop

OR'GAN-STOP, noun The stop of an organ, or any collection of pipes under one general name.

Busby.

Organy

ORGANY. [See Origan.]

Organzine

ORGAN'ZINE, noun Silk twisted into threads; thrown silk.

Aikin.

Orgasm

OR'GASM, noun [Greek, from, to swell; to irritate.]

Immoderate excitement or action; as the orgasm of the blood or spirits.

Blackmore. Derham.

Orgeat

OR'GEAT, noun [French from orge, barley.] A liquor extracted from barley and sweet almonds.

Mason.

Orgeis

OR'GEIS, noun A fish, called also organ-ling; supposed to be from Orkneys, on the coast of which it is taken.

Johnson.

Orgies

OR'GIES, n. plu. [Greek, from, to swell; fury; Latin orgia; French orgies.]

Frantic revels at the feast in honor of Baechus, or the feast itself. This feast was held in the night; hence nocturnal orgies.

Dryden. Encyc.

Orgillous

ORGIL'LOUS, adjective [French orgueilleux, from orgueil, Saxon orgel, pride, haughtiness; Greek, to swell.] Proud; haughty. [Not used.]

Shak.

Orgues

OR'GUES, noun [French] In the military art, long thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron and hung over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack.

Encyc.

2. A machine composed of several musket barrels united, by means of which several explosions are made at once to defend breaches.

Cyc.

Orichalch

OR'ICHALCH, or ORICHAL'CUM, noun [Latin orichalcum, mountain brass; Greek and; or aurichalcum, gold-brass.]

A metallic substance resembling gold in color, but inferior in value; the brass of the ancients.

Spenser. Encyc. Ure.

Oriel

O'RIEL, or O'RIOL, noun [Old French oriol.] A small apartment next a hall, where particular persons dine; a sort of recess. Obs.

Cowel.

Oriency

O'RIENCY, noun [See Orient.] Brightness or strength of color. [Little used.]

Waterhouse.

Orient

O'RIENT, adjective [Latin oriens, from orior, to arise.]

1. Rising, as the sun.

Ã‚--Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun.

Milton.

The orient morn.

Milton.

2. Eastern; oriental.

3. Bright; shining; glittering; as orient pearls.

Dryden.

Orient

O'RIENT, noun The east; the part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning.

Oriental

ORIENT'AL, adjective Eastern; situated in the east; as oriental seas or countries.

2. Proceeding from the east; as the oriental radiations of the sun.

Brown.

Oriental

ORIENT'AL, noun A native or inhabitant of some eastern part of the world. We give the appellation to the inhabitants of Asia from the Hellespont and Mediterranean to Japan.

Orientalism

ORIENT'ALISM, noun An eastern mode of speech; an idiom of the eastern languages.

Warton.

Orientalist

ORIENT'ALIST, noun An inhabitant of the eastern parts of the world.

Peters.

2. One versed in the eastern languages and literature.

Ouseley.

Orientality

ORIENTAL'ITY, noun The state of being oriental or eastern. [Not used.]

Brown.

Orifice

OR'IFICE, noun [French from Latin orificium; os, oris, mouth, and facio, to make.]

The mouth or aperture of a tube, pipe or other cavity; as the orifice of an artery or vein; the orifice of a wound.

The orifice of Etna.

Addison.

Oriflamb

OR'IFLAMB, noun [French oriflamme.] The ancient royal standard of France.

Ainsworth.

Origan

OR'IGAN, or ORIGA'NUM, noun [Latin from Greek.] Marjoram, a genus of plants. One species of this genus is a rich aromatic, excellent for culinary purposes.

Origenism

OR'IGENISM, noun The doctrines or tenets of Origen, who united Platonism with christianity.

Milner.

Origenist

OR'IGENIST, noun A follower of Origen of Alexandria, a celebrated christian father. The Origenists held that the souls of men have a pre-existent state; that they are holy intelligences, and sin before they are united to the body; that Christ will be crucified hereafter for the salvation of devils, &c.

Encyc.

Origin

OR'IGIN, noun [French Italian origine; Spanish origen; Latin origo.]

1. The first existence or beginning of any thing; as the origin of Rome. In history it is necessary, if practicable, to trace all events to their origin.

2. Fountain; source; cause; that from which any thing primarily proceeds; that which gives existence or beginning. The apostasy is believed to have been the origin of moral evil. The origin of many of our customs is lost in antiquity. Nations, like individuals, are ambitious to trace their descent from an honorable origin.

Original

ORIG'INAL, noun Origin. [See Origin, with which it accords in signification.]

2. First copy; archetype; that from which any thing is transcribed or translated, or from which a likeness is made by the pencil, press or otherwise. Thus we say, the translation is not equal to the original. If the original cannot be produced, we are permitted to offer an authenticated copy.

Orginal

OR'G'INAL, adjective [French originel; Latin originalis.]

1. First in order; preceding all others; as the original state of man; the original laws of a country; original rights or powers; the original question in debate.

2. Primitive; pristine; as the original perfection of Adam.

Original sin, as applied to Adam, was his first act of disobedience in eating the forbidden fruit; as applied to his posterity, it is understood to mean either the sin of Adam imputed to his posterity, or that corruption of nature, or total depravity, which has been derived from him in consequence of his apostasy. On this subject divines are not agreed.

In strictness, original sin is an improper use of words, as sin, ex vi termini, implies volition and the transgression of a known rule of duty by a moral agent. But this application of the words has been established by long use, and it serves to express ideas which many wise and good men entertain on this subject.

3. Having the power to originate new thoughts or combinations of thought; as an original genius.

Originality

ORIGINAL'ITY, noun The quality or state of being original.

2. The power of originating or producing new thoughts, or uncommon combinations of thought; as originality of genius.

Originally

ORIG'INALLY, adverb Primarily; from the beginning or origin.

God is originally holy in himself.

Pearson.

2. At first; at the origin.

Woodward.

3. By the first author; as a book originally written by another hand.

Roscommon.

Originalness

ORIG'INALNESS, noun The quality or state of being original.

Originary

ORIG'INARY, adjective [French originaire.] Productive; causing existence.

The production of animals in the originary way, requires a certain degree of warmth.

Cheyne.

2. Primitive; original.

Sandys.

[This word is little used.]

Originate

ORIG'INATE, verb transitive To cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce what is new.

The change is to be effected without a decomposition of the whole civil and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order out of the elements of society.

Burke.

That matter which cannot think, will, or originate motion, should communicate thought, volition and motivity, is plainly impossible.

Dwight.

Originate

ORIG'INATE, verb intransitive To take first existence; to have origin; to be begun. The scheme originated with the governor and council. It originated in pure benevolence.

Originated

ORIG'INATED, participle passive Brought into existence.

Originating

ORIG'INATING, participle of the present tense Bringing into existence.

Origination

ORIGINA'TION, noun The act of bringing or coming into existence; first production.

Descartes first introduced the fancy of making a world, and deducing the origination of the universe from mechanical principles.

Keil.

2. Mode of production or bringing into being.

This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars.

Ray.

Orillon

ORIL'LON, noun [French] In fortification, a rounding of earth, faced with a wall, raised on the shoulder of those bastions that have casemates, to cover the cannon in the retired flank, and prevent their being dismounted.

Encyc. Cyc.

Oriole

O'RIOLE, noun A genus of birds of the order of picae.

Orion

ORI'ON, noun [Greek; unfortunately accented by the poets on the second syllable.]

A constellation in the southern hemisphere, containing seventy eight stars.

Encyc.

Orison

OR'ISON, noun [French oraison, from Latin oratio, from, oro.]

A prayer or supplication.

Lowly they bowed adoring, and began

Their orisons, each morning duly paid.

Milton.

Ork

ORK, noun [Latin orca.] A fish.

Orle

ORLE, noun [infra.] In heraldry, an ordinary in the form of a fillet, round the shield.

Orlet

OR'LET, or OR'LO, noun [French ourlet, Italian orlo, a hem. Qu. Hebrew, and Chaldee Syriac] In architecture, a fillet under the ovolo of a capital.

Orlop

OR'LOP, noun [Dutch overloop, a running over or overflowing, an orlop, that is, a spreading over.]

In a ship of war, a platform of planks laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are usually coiled. It contains also sail-rooms, carpenters' cabins and other apartments.

Mar. Dict.

Also, a tier of beams below the lower deck for a like purpose.

Cyc.

Ornament

OR'NAMENT, noun [Latin ornamentum, from orno, to adorn. Varro informs us that this was primitively osnamentum; but this is improbable. See Adorn.]

1. That which embellishes; something which, added to another thing, renders it more beautiful to the eye.

The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, the bonnets and the ornaments of the legsÃ‚-- Isaiah 3.

2. In architecture, ornaments are sculpture or carved work.

3. Embellishment; decoration; additional beauty.

Ã‚--The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price. I Peter 3.

Ornament

OR'NAMENT, verb transitive To adorn; to deck; to embellish.

Warburton.

Ornamental

ORNAMENT'AL, adjective Serving to decorate; giving additional beauty; embellishing.

Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others about their ankles.

Brown.

Ornamentally

ORNAMENT'ALLY, adverb In such a manner as to add embellishment.

Ornamented

OR'NAMENTED, participle passive Decorated; embellished; beautified.

Shenstone.

Ornamenting

OR'NAMENTING, participle of the present tense Decorating; embellishing.

Ornate

OR'NATE, adjective [Latin ornatus.] Adorned; decorated; beautiful.

Milton.

Ornately

OR'NATELY, adverb With decoration.

Skelton.

Ornateness

OR'NATENESS, noun State of being adorned.

Ornature

OR'NATURE, noun Decoration. [Little used.]

Orniscopics

ORNISCOP'ICS, noun Divination by the observation of fowls.

Bailey.

Orniscopist

ORNIS'COPIST, noun [Greek, a bird, and, to view.]

One who views the flight of fowls in order to foretell future events by their manner of flight. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Ornitholite

ORNITH'OLITE, noun A petrified bird.

Ornithological

ORNITHOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to ornithology.

Ornithologist

ORNITHOL'OGIST, noun [See Ornithology.]

A person who is skilled in the natural history of fowls, who understands their form, structure, habits and uses; one who describes birds.

Ornithology

ORNITHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a fowl, and, discourse.]

The science of fowls, which comprises a knowledge of their form, structure, habits and uses.

Ornithomancy

ORNITH'OMANCY, noun [Greek, a fowl, and, divination.]

Augury, a species of divination by means of fowls, their flight, &c.

Encyc.

Orological

OROLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Orology.] Pertaining to a description of mountains.

Orologist

OROL'OGIST, noun A describer of mountains.

Orology

OROL'OGY, noun [Greek, a mountain, and, discourse.] The science or description of mountains.

Orphan

OR'PHAN, noun [Greek; Italian orfano; French orphelin.]

A child who is bereaved of father or mother or of both.

Orphan

OR'PHAN, adjective Bereaved of parents.

Sidney.

Orphanage

OR'PHANAGE, or OR'PHANISM, noun The state of an orphan.

Sherwood.

Orphaned

OR'PHANED, adjective Bereft of parents or friends.

Young.

Orphanotrophy

ORPHANOT'ROPHY, noun [Greek, orphan, and, food.] A hospital for orphans.

Todd.

Orphean

OR'PHEAN, or OR'PHIC, adjective Pertaining to Orpheus, the poet and musician; as Orphic hymns.

Bryant.

Orpheus

OR'PHEUS, noun A fish found in the Mediterranean, broad, flat and thick, and sometimes weighing twenty pounds. The orpheus of the Greeks is said to have been a different fish.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Encyc.

Orpiment

OR'PIMENT, noun [Latin auripigmentum; aurum, gold, and pigmentum.]

Sulphuret of arsenic, found native and then an ore of arsenic, or artificially composed. The native orpiment appears in yellow, brilliant and seemingly talcky masses of various sizes. The red orpiment is called realgar. It is more or less lively and transparent, and often crystalized in bright needles. In this form it is called ruby of arsenic.

Fourcroy. Nicholson. Encyc. Ure.

Orpine

OR'PINE, noun [French orpin.] A plant of the genus Sedum, lesser houseleek or livelong. The bastard orpine is of the genus Andrachne; the lessser orpine of the genus Crassula.

Orrach.

ORRACH.. [See Orach.]

Orrery

OR'RERY, noun A machine so constructed as to represent by the movements of its parts, the motions and phases of the planets in their orbits. This machine was invented by George Graham, but Rowley, a workman, borrowed one from him, and made a copy for the earl of Orrery, after whom it was named by Sir Richard Steele. Similar machines are called also planetariums.

Cyc.

Orris

OR'RIS, noun The plant iris, of which orris seems to be a corruption; fleur de lis or flag-flower.

Encyc.

2. A sort of gold or silver lace. Qu. orfrais.

Johnson.

Ort

ORT, noun A fragment; refuse.

Shak.

Ortalon

OR'TALON, noun A small bird of the genus Alauda.

Encyc.

Orthite

OR'THITE, noun [Greek, straight.] A mineral occurring in straight layers in felspath rock with albite, &c. It is of a blackish brown color, resembling gadolinite, but differs from it in fusibility.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure. Cleaveland.

Orthoceratite

ORTHOCER'ATITE, noun [Greek, straight, and, a horn.]

The name of certain fossil univalve shells, straight or but slightly curved, arranged by Cuvier in the genus Nantilus.

Orthodox

OR'THODOX, adjective [See Orthodoxy.] Sound in the christian faith; believing the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures; opposed to heretical; as an orthodox christian.

2. According with the doctrines of Scripture; as an orthodox creed or faith.

Orthodoxly

OR'THODOXLY, adverb With soundness of faith.

Bacon.

Orthodoxness

OR'THODOXNESS, noun The state of being sound in the faith, or of according with the doctrines of Scripture.

Orthodoxy

OR'THODOXY, noun [Greek; right, true, and, opinion, from, to think.]

1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures.

Basil bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy.

Waterland.

2. Consonance to genuine scriptural doctrines; as the orthodoxy of a creed.

Orthodromic

ORTHODROM'IC, adjective [See Orthodromy.] Pertaining to orthodromy.

Orthodromics

ORTHODROM'ICS, noun The art of sailing in the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe.

Harris.

Orthodromy

OR'THODROMY, noun [Greek, right, and, course.] The sailing in a straight course.

Orthoepist

OR'THOEPIST, noun [See Orthoepy.] One who pronounces words correctly, or who is well skilled in pronunciation.

Orthoepy

OR'THOEPY, noun [Greek; right, and, word, or, to speak.]

The art of uttering words with propriety; a correct pronunciation of words.

Nares.

Orthogon

OR'THOGON, noun [Greek, right, and, angle.] A rectangular figure.

Peacham.

Orthogonal

ORTHOG'ONAL, adjective Right angled; rectangular.

Selden.

Orthographer

ORTHOG'RAPHER, noun [See Orthography.] One that spells words correctly, according to common usage.

Shak.

Orthographic

ORTHOGRAPH'IC, or ORTHOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Correctly spelled; written with the proper letters.

2. Pertaining to the spelling of words; as, to make an orthographical mistake.

Orthographic projection of the sphere, a delineation of the sphere upon a plane that cuts it in the middle, the eye being supposed to be placed at an infinite distance from it.

Bailey.

A projection in which the eye is supposed to be at an infinite distance; so called because the perpendiculars from any point of the sphere will all fall in the common intersection of the sphere with the plane of the projection.

Encyc.

Orthographically

ORTHOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb According to the rules of proper spelling.

2. In the manner of orthographic projection.

Orthography

ORTHOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek; right, and, writing.]

1. The art of writing words with the proper letters, according to common usage.

2. The part of grammar which treats of the nature and properties of letters, and of the art of writing words correctly.

Encyc.

3. The practice of spelling or writing words with the proper letters.

Swift.

4. In geometry, the art of delineating the fore right plane or side of any object, and of expressing the elevations of each part; so called because it determines things by perpendicular lines falling on the geometrical plane.

Encyc.

5. In architecture, the elevation of a building, showing all the parts in their true proportion.

Encyc.

6. In perspective, the fore right side of any plane, that is, the side or plane that lies parallel to a straight line that may be imagined to pass through the outward convex points of the eyes, continued to a convenient length.

Encyc.

7. In fortification, the profile or representation of a work in all its parts, as they would appear if perpendicularly cut from top to bottom.

Cyc.

Orthology

ORTHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, right, and, discourse.] The right description of things.

Fotherby.

Orthometry

ORTHOM'ETRY, noun [Greek, right, and, measure.]

The art or practice of constructing verse correctly; the laws of correct versification.

S. Jones.

Orthopny

ORTHOP'NY, noun [Greek; right, erect, and, breath; to breathe.]

1. A species of asthma in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture.

Harvey.

2. Any difficulty of breathing.

Parr.

Ortive

OR'TIVE, adjective [Latin ortivus, from ortus, orior, to rise.]

Rising, or eastern. The ortive amplitude of a planet is an are of the horizon intercepted between the point where a star rises, and the east point of the horizon, the point where the horizon and equator intersect.

Encyc.

Ortolan

OR'TOLAN, noun [Italian ortolano, a gardener, an ortolan, Latin hortulanus, from hortus, a garden.]

A bird of the genus Emberiza, about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is found in France and Italy, feeds on panic grass, and is delicious food.

Encyc.

Orts

ORTS, noun Fragments; pieces; refuse.

Orval

OR'VAL, noun [French orvale.] The herb clary.

Diet.

Orvietan

ORVIE'TAN, noun [Italian orvietano, so named from a mountebank at Orvieto.] An antidote or counter poison. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Oryctognostic

ORYCTOGNOS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to oryctognosy.

Kirwan.

Oryctognosy

ORYCTOG'NOSY, noun [Greek, fossil, and, knowledge.]

That branch of mineralogy which has for its object the classification of minerals, according to well ascertained characters, and under appropriate denominations.

Cyc.

Oryctognosy consists in the description of minerals, the determination of their nomenclature, and the systematic arrangement of their different species. It coincides nearly with mineralogy, in its modern acceptation.

Cleaveland.

Oryctography

ORYCTOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, fossil, and, to describe.]

That part of natural history in which fossils are described.

Cyc.

Oryctology

ORYCTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, fossil, and, discourse.] That part of physics which treats of fossils.

Cyc.

Oscheocele

OS'CHEOCELE, noun [Greek, the scrotum, and, a tumor.] A rupture in the scrotum; scrotal hernia.

Cyc. Coxe.

Oscillate

OS'CILLATE, verb intransitive [Latin oscillo, from ant. cillo, Greek, to move.]

To swing; to move backward and forward; to vibrate.

Chambers.

Oscillation

OSCILLA'TION, noun [Latin oscillatio.] Vibration; a moving backward and forward, or swinging like a pendulum.

Oscillatory

OS'CILLATORY, adjective Moving backward and forward like a pendulum; swinging; as an oscillatory motion.

Arbuthnot.

Oscitancy

OS'CITANCY, noun [Latin oscito, to yawn, from os, the mouth.] The act of gaping or yawning.

2. Unusual sleepiness; drowsiness; dullness.

It might proceed from the oscitancy of transcribers.

Addison.

Oscitant

OS'CITANT, adjective Yawning; gaping.

2. Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish.

Decay of Piety.

Oscitantly

OS'CITANTLY, adverb Carelessly.

More.

Oscitation

OSCITA'TION, noun The act of yawning or gaping from sleepiness.

Osculation

OSCULA'TION, noun [Latin osculatio, a kissing.] In geometry, the contact between any given curve and its osculatory circle, that is, a circle of the same curvature with the given curve.

Cyc.

Osculatory

OS'CULATORY, adjective An osculatory circle, in geometry, is a circle having the same curvature with any curve at any given point.

Cyc.

Osculatory

OS'CULATORY, noun In church history, a tablet or board, with the picture of Christ or the virgin, &c. which is kissed by the priest and then delivered to the people for the same purpose.

Cyc.

Osier

OSIER, n. o'zher. [French osier; Saxon hos. Qu.]

A willow or water willow, or the twig of the willow, used in making baskets.

Pope.

Osmazome

OS'MAZOME, noun [Greek, odor, and, juice.]

A substance of an aromatic flavor, obtained from the flesh of the ox.

Thenard.

Osmium

OS'MIUM, noun [Greek, odor.] A metal recently discovered, and contained in the ore of platinum. A native alloy of this metal with iridium is found in grains along the rivers in South America. Osmium has a dark gray color; it is not volatile when heated in close vessels, but heated in the open air, it absorbs oxygen and forms a volatile oxyd. It is insoluble in the acids, readily soluble in potassa and very volatile. It takes its name from the singular smell of its oxyd.

Cyc. Webster's Manual.

Osmund

OS'MUND, noun A plant, or a genus of plants, osmunda, moonwort. The most remarkable species is the osmund royal or flowering fern, growing in marshes, the root of which boiled, is very slimy, and is used in stiffening linen.

Encyc.

Osnaburg

OSNABURG, n. oz'nburg. A species of coarse linen imported from Osnaburg, in Germany.

Ospray

OS'PRAY, noun [Latin ossifraga; os, a bone, and frango, to break; the bone-breaker.]

The sea-eagle, a fowl of the genus Falco or hawk, of the size of a peacock. This is our fish hawk. It feeds on fish, which it takes by suddenly darting upon them, when near the surface of the water.

Encyc.

Osselet

OS'SELET, noun [French from Latin os, ossis, a bone.]

A hard substance growing on the inside of a horse's knee, among the small bones.

Far. Dict.

Osseous

OS'SEOUS, adjective [Latin osseus, from os, a bone.]

Bony; resembling bone.

Parkhurst.

Ossicle

OS'SICLE, noun [Latin ossiculum.] A small bone.

Holder.

Ossiferous

OSSIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin os, a bone, and fero, to produce.] Producing or furnishing bones.

Buckland.

Ossific

OSSIF'IC, adjective [Latin os, a bone, and facio, to make.]

Having power to ossify or change carneous and membranous substances to bone.

Wiseman.

Ossification

OSSIFICA'TION, noun [from ossify.] The change or process of changing from flesh or other matter of animal bodies into a bony substance; as the ossification of an artery.

Sharp.

2. The formation of bones in animals.

Ossified

OS'SIFIED, participle passive Converted into bone, or a hard substance like bone.

Ossifrage

OS'SIFRAGE, noun [Latin ossifraga. See Ospray.]

The ospray or sea-eagle. In Leviticus xi. 13, it denotes a different fowl.

Ossify

OS'SIFY, verb transitive [Latin os, bone, and facio, to form.]

To form bone; to change from a soft animal substance into bone, or convert into a substance of the hardness of bones. This is done by the deposition of calcarious phosphate or carbonate on the part.

Sharp. Ure.

Ossify

OS'SIFY, verb intransitive To become bone; to change from soft matter into a substance of bony hardness.

Ossivorous

OSSIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin os, bone, and voro, to eat.]

Feeding on bones; eating bones; as ossivorous quadrupeds.

Derham.

Ossuary

OS'SUARY, noun [Latin ossuarium.] A charnel house; a place where the bones of the dead are deposited.

Dict.

Ost

OST, or OUST, noun A kiln for dying hops or malt.

Dict. Eng.

Ostensibility

OSTENSIBIL'ITY, noun [See Ostensible.]

The quality or state of appearing or being shown.

Ostensible

OSTEN'SIBLE, adjective [Italian ostensibile, from Latin ostendo, to show.]

1. That may be shown; proper or intended to be shown.

Warton.

2. Plausible; colorable.

Pownall.

3. Appearing; seeming; shown, declared or avowed. We say, the ostensible reason or motive for a measure may be the real one, or very different from the real one. This is the common, and I believe the only sense in which the word is used in America.

One of the ostensible grounds on which the proprietors had obtained their charterÃ‚--

Ramsay.

Ostensibly

OSTEN'SIBLY, adverb In appearance; in a manner that is declared or pretended.

An embargo and non-intercourse which totally defeat the interests they are ostensibly destined to promote.

Walsh.

Ostensive

OSTEN'SIVE, adjective [French from Latin ostendo.] Showing; exhibiting. Ostensive demonstration, is one which plainly and directly demonstrates the truth of a proposition.

Cye.

Ostent

OS'TENT, noun [Latin ostentum, from ostendo.]

1. Appearance; air; manner; mien. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. Show; mainfestation; token. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. A prodigy; a portent; any thing ominous. [Little used.]

Chapman. Dryden.

Ostentate

OS'TENTATE, verb transitive [Latin ostento.] To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. [Not used.]

Taylor.

Ostentation

OSTENTA'TION, noun [Latin ostentatio.] Outward show or appearance.

Shak.

2. Ambitious display; vain show; display of any thing dictated by vanity, or intended to invite praise or flattery. Ostentation of endowments is made by boasting or self-commendation. Ostentation often appears in works of art and sometimes in acts of charity.

He knew that good and bountiful minds are sometimes inclined to ostentation.

Atterbury.

The painter is to make no ostentation of the means by which he strikes the imagination.

Reynolds.

3. A show or spectacle. [Not used.]

Shak.

Ostentatious

OSTENTA'TIOUS, adjective Making a display from vanity; boastful; fond of presenting one's endowments or works to others in an advantageous light.

Your modesty is so far from being ostentatious of the good you doÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. Showy; gaudy; intended for vain display; as ostentatious ornaments.

Ostentatiously

OSTENTA'TIOUSLY, adverb With vain display: boastfully.

Ostentatiousness

OSTENTA'TIOUSNESS, noun Vain display; vanity; boastfulness.

Ostentator

OSTENTA'TOR, noun [Latin] One who makes a vain show; a boaster. [Little used.]

Sherwood.

Ostentous

OSTENT'OUS, adjective Fond of making a show. [Little used.]

Feltham.

Osteocol

OS'TEOCOL, or OSTEOCOL'LA, noun [Greek, a bone, and, glue.] A carbonate of lime, a fossil formed by incrustation on the stem of a plant. It is found in long, thick, and irregular cylindric pieces, generally hollow, sometimes filled with calcarious earth, and in size, from that of a crow's quill to that of a man's arm. It is always found in sand.

Nicholosn. Encyc. Cleaveland.

This word takes its name from an opinion that it has the quality of uniting fractured bones.

Osteocope

OS'TEOCOPE, noun [Greek, a bone, and, labor, uneasiness.]

Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone.

Quincy. Coxe.

Osteologer

OSTEOL'OGER, or OSTEOL'OGIST, noun [See Osteology.] One who describes the bones of animals.

Smith.

Osteologic

OSTEOLOGIC, or OSTEOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a description of the bones.

Osteologically

OSTEOLOG'ICALLY, adverb According to osteology.

Lawrence, Lect.

Osteology

OSTEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a bone, and, discourse.]

1. A description of the bones; that part of anatomy which treats of the bones.

Encyc.

2. The system of animal bones.

Ostiary

OS'TIARY, noun [Latin ostium, mouth.] The mouth or opening by which a river discharges its waters into the sea, or into a lake.

Brown.

Ostler

OSTLER. [See Hostler.]

Ostlery

OSTLERY. [See Hostlery.]

Ostmen

OST'MEN, n. plu. East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, so called.

Lyttleton.

Ostracism

OS'TRACISM, noun [Greek, from, a shell, or potter's ware.]

1. In Grecian antiquity, banishment by the people of Athens, of a person whose merit and influence gave umbrage to them. It takes this name from the shell on which the name or the note of acquittal or condemnation was written. It is however most probable that this shell was a piece of baked earth, rendered by the Latins testa.

Encyc.

2. Banishment; explusion; separation.

Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the esteem and confidence, and honors and emoluments of his country.

Federalist. Hamilton.

Ostracite

OS'TRACITE, noun [Greek, from, a shell.]

An oyster shell in its fossil state, or a stone formed in the shell, the latter being dissolved. This stone is found in many parts of England, and has been in repute for its efficacy in cases of the gravel.

Encyc.

Ostracize

OS'TRACIZE, verb transitive [See Ostracism.] To banish by the popular voice, particularly a person eminent for public services, but who has lost his popularity.

Marvel.

Ostrich

OS'TRICH, noun [French autruche; Spanish avestruz; Portugese abestruz; Italian struzzo; German strauss; Dutch struis or struis-vogel; Danish struds; Swedish struss; Latin struthio-camelus; Greek, a sparrow, and a ostrich. The meaning of this name is not obvious. The word strauss in German, signifies a bush, a tuft, a bunch; but the latter part of this name struz, struds, strauss, coincides also with the strut, Danish strutter, German strotzen; and this is the Latin struthio, Greek. The first part of the word in French Spanish and Portugese is from Latin avis. The primary sense of struz, struthio, &c. is to reach, stretch, extend or erect; but whether this name was given to the fowl from its stately walk or appearance, or from some part of its plumage, let the reader judge.]

A fowl now considered as constituting a distinct genus, the Struthio. This is the largest of all fowls, being four feet high from the ground to the top of the back, and seven, eight, and it is said even ten to the top of the head, when standing erect. Its thighs and the sides of the body are naked, and the wings are so short as to be unfit for flying. The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental and showy dress. The speed of this fowl in running exceeds that of the fleetest horse.

Encyc.

Otacoustic

OTACOUS'TIC, adjective [Greek, ears, and, to hear.] Assisting the sense of hearing; as an otacoustic instrument.

Otacoustic

OTACOUS'TIC, noun An instrument to facilitate hearing.

Grew.

Other

OTH'ER, adjective [Saxon other; German oder; Greek. Qu. Spanish otro. If the radical letters are tr, qu. Hebrew and Chaldee, residue. The French autre is from the Latin alter.]

1. Not the same; different; not this or these.

Then the other company which is left shall escape. Genesis 32.

Behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. Exodus 4.

Other lords besides thee have had dominion over us. Isaiah 26.

There is one God, and there is none other but he. Mark 12.

2. Not this, but the contrary; as, on this side of the river stands Troy, on the other side stands Albany.

Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matthew 5.

3. Noting something besides. To the knowledge of the Latin and Greek, join as much other learning as you can.

4. Correlative to each, and applicable to any number of individuals.

They asked each other of their welfare. Exodus 18.

5. Opposed to some; as, "some fell among thornsÃ‚--but other fell into good ground." Matthew 13.

6. The next.

Shak.

7. The third part.

B. Jonson.

Other is used as a substitute for a noun, and in this use has the plural number, and the sign of the possessive case.

Ã‚--The fool and the brutish person die, and leave their wealth to others. Psalm 49.

What do ye more than others? Matthew 5.

We were children of wrath even as others. Ephesians 2.

The confusion arises, when the one will put their sickle into the other's harvest.

Lesley.

With the sign of the possessive, other is preceded by the, as in the last example.

Other is sometimes put elliptically for other thing. From such a man, we can expect no other.

The other day, at a certain time past, not distant but indefinite; not long ago.

Othergates

OTH'ERGATES, adverb [other and gate, for way, manner.] In another manner. Obs.

Shak.

Otherguise

OTH'ERGUISE, adverb [other and guise, manner.] Of another kind. [corruptly pronounced otherguess.]

Otherwhere

OTH'ERWHERE, adverb [other and where.]

In some other place; or in other places.

Milton.

Otherwhile

OTH'ERWHILE, or OTH'ERWHILES, adverb [other and while.] At other times.

Otherwise

OTH'ERWISE, adverb [other and wise, manner.] In a different manner.

Thy father was a worthy prince,

And merited, alas! a better fate;

But heaven thought otherwise.

Addison.

2. By other causes.

Sir John Norris failed in the attempt of Lisborn, and returned with the loss, by sickness and otherwise, of 8000 men.

Raleigh.

3. In other respects.

It is said truly, that the best men otherwise, are not always the best in regard to society.

Hooker.

Otomo

OT'OMO, noun A fowl of the Lagopus kind, about the size of a tame pigeon, a native of Germany, and highly esteemed for food.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Otter

OT'TER, or AT'TAR, noun The essential oil or essence of roses.

Asiat. Res.

Otter

OT'TER, noun [Saxon oter, otor or otter; German otter, an otter, an adder or viper; Dutch otter; Swedish utter. The Latin lutra, French loutre, Italian lontra, Spanish nutria, may possibly be the same word varied in dialect.]

A quadruped of the genus Mustela, nearly two feet in length, of a brown color, with short legs, amphibious and feeding on fish. It burrows in the banks of rivers and ponds, and its toes being webbed, it swims with great rapidity. There are several other species, of which the sea otter is the largest, being about three feet in length.

Otter

OT'TER, noun The name of a coloring substance.

Ottoman

OT'TOMAN, adjective Designating something that pertains to the Turks or to their government; as the Ottoman power or empire. The word originated in Othman or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the government about the year 1300.

Eton.

Ouch

OUCH, noun A bezil or socket in which a precious stone or seal is set. Exodus 39.

2. The blow given by a boar's tusk. Obs.

Ainsworth.

Ought

OUGHT. [See Aught, the true orthography.]

Ought

OUGHT, v. imperfect. aut. [This word seems to be the preterit tense of the original verb to owe, that is, Saxon agan, Gothic aigan, Swedish ?ga, to have or possess, the radical sense being to hold, to restrain or stop; hence the passive participle would signify held, bound. In this sense it was used by Spelman and Dryden. But ought as used, is irregular, being used in all persons both in the present and past tenses; as, I ought, thou oughtest, he ought; we, ye, they ought.]

1. To be held or bound in duty or moral obligation.

These ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. Matthew 23.

We that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. Romans 15.

Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers. Matthew 25.

2. To be necessary; to behoove.

ought not Chirst to have suffered these things and to enter into glory? Luke 24.

3. To be fit or expedient in a moral view.

My brethren, these things ought not so to be. James 3.

4. As a participle, owed; been indebted to.

The love and duty I long have ought you.

Spelman.

That followed, sir, which to myself I ought.

Dryden.

[In this sense, obsolete.]

5. In Chaucer's time, it was used impersonally. "Wel ought use werke," that is, well it behooveth us to work.

Ounce

OUNCE, n. ouns. [Latin uncia, the twelfth part of any thing; Greek; but the Greek is from the Latin; French once; Italian oncia, an ounce, and an inch; Spanish onza; Dutch once; German unze. Inch is from the same root, being the twelfth part of a foot.]

1. A weight, the twelfth part of a pound troy, and the sixteenth of a pound avoirdupois. In troy weight, the ounce is 20 pennyweights, each of 24 grains.

2. An animal of the genus Felis. [See Once.

Ounded

OUND'ED, or OUND'ING, adjective Waving. [French onde, Latin unda.] [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Ouphe

OUPHE, n. off'y. [Teutonic, auff; but probably contracted from elf, German alp.] A fairy; a goblin; an elf. Obs.

Shak.

Ouphen

OUPHEN, n. oof'en. Elfish. Obs.

Shak.

Our

OUR, adjective [Saxon ure; in the oblique cases, urum, urne, whence our vulgar ourn; Swedish vÃƒ-¥r; Danish vor; Irish ar; Basque, gure.]

1. Pertaining or belonging to us; as our country; our rights; our troops.

2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs. Your house is on a plain; ours is on a hill. This is good English, but certainly ours must be the nominative to is, or it has none.

Their organs are better disposed than ours for receiving grateful impressions from sensible objects.

Atterbury.

Here ours stands in the place of our organs, and cannot, in conformity with any rule of construction, be in the possessive case.

The same thing was done by them in suing in their courts, which is now done by us in suing in ours.

Kettleworth.

Ouranography

OURANOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, heaven, and, to describe.] A description of the heavens.

Hist. Roy. Society.

Ourself

OURSELF', pron. reciprocal. [our and self.]

This is added after we and us, and sometimes is used without either for myself, in the regal style only; as, we ourself will follow.

Shak.

Ã‚--Unless we would denude ourself of all force to defend us.

Clarendon.

Ourselves

OURSELVES, plu. of ourself. We or us, not others; added to we, by way of emphasis or opposition.

We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal farther than we usually do.

Locke.

Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand.

Dryden.

Ouse

OUSE, noun ooz. [for ooze.] Tanner's bark.

Ainsworth.

Ousel

OUSEL, n. oo'zl. [Saxon osle.] The blackbird, a species of the genus Turdus.

Shak.

Oust

OUST, verb transitive [French oter, for ouster. It seems to be a contracted word, for in Norman, oghsta is ousted. I take this to be our vulgar oost, used in the sense of lift. The usual signification then will be that of the Latin tollo, sustuli.]

1. To take away; to remove.

Multiplications of actions upon the case were rare formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted.

Hall.

2. To eject; to disseize.

Afterward the lessor, reversioner or remainder-man or any stranger doth eject or oust the lessee of his term.

Blackstone.

Ousted

OUST'ED, participle passive Taken away; removed; ejected.

Ouster

OUST'ER, noun Amotion of possession; disseizin; dispossession; ejection.

Blackstone.

Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance or deforcement.

Ib.

Ouster le main, [ouster and French le main, the hand.]

A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the king's hands; or a judgment given for that purpose.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Ousting

OUST'ING, participle of the present tense Taking away; removing; ejecting.

Out

OUT, adverb [Saxon ut; Dutch uit; German aus; Danish ud; Swedish ut. In Scotland, it is used as a verb, to lay out. The primary sense of the verb must be to issue forth, to depart. In Russian ot signifies from.]

1. Without; on the outside; not within; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any inclosed place or given line; opposed to in or within; as, to go out and come in; to rush out.

2. Abroad; not at home. The master of the house is out; a colloquial phrase for gone out.

3. In a state of disclosure or discovery. The secret is out, that is, has come out, is disclosed. We shall find out the rogue.

4. Not concealed.

When these are gone,

The woman will be out.

Shak.

5. In a state of extinction. The candle or the fire is out.

6. In a state of being exhausted. The wine is out.

7. In a state of destitution. We are out of bread corn.

8. Not in office or employment. I care not who is in or who is out. He is out of business.

9. Abroad or from home, in a party, at church, in a parade, &c. He was not out to-day. The militia companies are out. The man was out in a frolick last night.

10. To the end.

Hear me out.

Dryden.

11. Loudly; without restraint; as, to laugh out.

12. Not in the hands of the owner. The land is out upon a lease.

13. In an error.

As a musician that will always play,

And yet is always out at the same note.

Roscommon.

14. At a loss; in a puzzle.

I have forgot my part, and I am out.

Shak.

15. Uncovered; with clothes torn; as, to be out at the knees or elbows.

16. A way, so as to consume; as, to sleep out the best time in the morning.

17. Deficient; having expended. He was out of pocket. He was out fifty pounds.

Fell.

18. It is used as an exclamation with the force of command, away; begone; as, out with the dog.

Shak.

Out upon you, out upon it, expressions of dislike or contempt.

Out is much used as a modifier of verbs; as, to come out, to go out, to lead out, to run out, to leak out, to creep out, to flow out, to pass out, to look out, to burn out, to cut out, to saw out, to grow out, to spin out, to write out, to boil out, to beat out, &c. bearing the sense of issuing, extending, drawing from, separating, bringing to open view, or in short, the passing of a limit that incloses or restrains; or bearing the metaphorical sense of vanishing, coming to an end.

Out of. In this connection, out may be considered as an adverb, and of as a preposition.

1. Proceeding from; as produce. Plants grow out of the earth. He paid me out of his own funds.

Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life. Proverbs 4.

Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. James 3.

2. From or proceeding from a place, or the interior of a place; as, to take any thing out of the house. Mark 13.

3. Beyond; as out of the power of fortune.

They were astonished out of measure. Mark 10.

4. From, noting taking or derivation.

To whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets. Acts 28.

5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion.

Be instant in season, out of season. 2 Timothy 4.

6. Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence or dereliction; as out of favor; out of use; out of place; out of fashion.

7. Not in, noting unfitness or impropriety.

He is witty out of season. The seed was sown out of season.

8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay; as, a ship is out of time.

9. Not within; abroad; as out of the door or house.

10. From, noting copy from an original; as, to cite or copy out of Horace.

11. From, noting rescue or liberation; as, to be delivered out of afflictions.

Christianity recovered the law of nature out of all those errors.

Addison.

12. Not in, noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. This is out of all method; out of all rule. He goes out of his way to find cause of censure. He is out of order.

13. From, noting dereliction or, departure.

He will not be flattered or frightened out of his duty. He attempted to laugh men out of virtue.

14. From, noting loss or change of state.

The mouth is out of taste; the instrument is out of tune.

Bacon.

15. Not according to, noting deviation; as, he acts or speaks out of character.

16. Beyond; not within the limits of; as, to be out of hearing, out of sight, out of reach.

Time out of mind, is time beyond the reach of memory.

17. Noting loss or exhaustion; as, to be out of breath.

18. Noting loss; as out of hope.

19. By means of.

Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus to mutiny.

Shak.

20. In consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason.

What they do not grant out of the generosity of their nature, they may grant out of mere impatience.

Smalridge.

So we say, a thing is done out of envy, spite or ambition.

Out of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready in the hand.

Gather we our forces out of hand.

Shak.

Out of print, denotes that a book is not in market, or to be purchased; the copies printed having been all sold.

Out

OUT, verb transitive To eject; to expel; to deprive by expulsion.

The French having been outed of their holds.

Heylin.

In composition, out signifies beyond, more, ejection or extension.

For the participles of the following compounds, see the simple verbs.

Outact

OUTACT', verb transitive To do beyond; to exceed in act.

He has made me heir to treasures,

Would make me outact a real widow's whining.

Otway.

Outbalance

OUTBAL'ANCE, verb transitive To outweigh; to exceed in weight or effect.

Let dull Ajax bear away my right,

When all his days outbalance this one night.

Dryden.

Outbar

OUTB'AR, verb transitive To shut out by bars or fortification.

These to outbar with painful pionings.

Spenser.

Outbid

OUTBID', verb transitive To bid more than another; to offer a higher price.

For Indian spices, for Peruvian gold,

Prevent the greedy and outbid the bold.

Pope.

Outbid

OUTBID', or OUTBID'DEN, participle passive Exceeded in the price offered.

Outbidder

OUTBID'DER, noun One that outbids.

Outbidding

OUTBID'DING, participle of the present tense Bidding a price beyond another.

Outblown

OUTBLOWN, participle passive Inflated; swelled with wind.

Dryden.

Outblush

OUTBLUSH', verb transitive To exceed in rosy color.

Shipman.

Outborn

OUT'BORN, adjective Foreign; not native. [Little used.]

Outbound

OUT'BOUND, adjective Destined or proceeding from a country or harbor to a distant country or port; as an outbound ship.

Dryden.

[The usual phrase among seamen is outward bound.]

Outbrave

OUTBRA'VE, verb transitive To bear down by more daring or insolent conduct.

I would outstare the sternest eyes that look, Outbrave the heart most daring on the earth, To win thee, lady.

Shak.

2. To exceed in splendid appearance.

The towers as well as men outbrave the sky.

Cowley.

Outbrazen

OUTBRA'ZEN, verb transitive To bear down with a brazen face or impudence.

Outbreak

OUT'BREAK, noun A bursting forth; eruption.

The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind.

Shak.

Outbreaking

OUT'BREAKING, noun That which bursts forth.

Herbert.

Outbreathe

OUTBRE'ATHE, verb transitive To weary by having better breath.

Shak.

2. To expire.

Spenser.

Outbud

OUTBUD', verb intransitive To sprout forth.

Spenser.

Outbuild

OUTBUILD, verb transitive outbild'. To exceed in building, or in durability of building.

Outcant

OUTCANT', verb transitive To surpass in canting.

Pope.

Outcast

OUT'CAST, participle passive or adjective Cast out; thrown away; rejected as useless.

Spenser.

Outcast

OUT'CAST, noun One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home or country. Isaiah 16.

Outcept

OUTCEPT, for except, is not in use.

B. Jonson.

Outclimb

OUTCLIMB, verb transitive To climb beyond.

Davenant.

Outcompass

OUTCOM'PASS, verb transitive To exceed due bounds.

Bacon.

Outcraft

OUTCR'AFT, verb transitive To exceed in cunning.

Shak.

Outcry

OUT'CRY, noun A vehement or loud cry; cry of distress.

Denham.

2. Clamor; noisy opposition or detestation.

South.

3. Sale at public auction.

Ainsworth.

Outdare

OUTDA'RE, verb transitive To dare or venture beyond.

Shak.

Outdate

OUTDA'TE, verb transitive To antiquate; as outdated ceremonies. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Outdo

OUTDO, verb transitive pret. outdid; pp. outdone. [See Do.]

To excel; to surpass; to perform beyond another.

An imposture outdoes the original.

L'Estrange.

I grieve to be outdone by Gay.

Swift.

Outdoing

OUTDOING, participle of the present tense Excelling; surpassing in performance.

Outdoing

OUTDOING, noun Excess in performance.

Pope.

Outdone

OUTDONE, participle passive of outdo.

Outdrink

OUTDRINK', verb transitive [See Drink.] To exceed in drinking.

Donne.

Outdwell

OUTDWELL', verb transitive To dwell or stay beyond.

Shak.

Outer

OUT'ER, adjective [comp. of out.] Being on the outside; external; opposed to inner; as the outer wall; the outer part of a thing; the outer court or gate.

Outerly

OUT'ERLY, adverb Towards the outside.

Grew.

Outermost

OUT'ERMOST, adjective [superl. from outer.] Being on the extreme external part; remotest from the midst; as the outermost row.

Boyle.

Outface

OUTFA'CE, verb transitive To brave; to bear down with an imposing front or with impudence; to stare down.

Shak. Raleigh.

Outfall

OUT'FALL, noun A fall of water; a canal.

Outfawn

OUT'FAWN, verb transitive To exceed in fawning or adulation.

Hudibras.

Outfeast

OUTFE'AST, verb transitive To exceed in feasting.

Taylor.

Outfit

OUT'FIT, noun A fitting out, as of a ship for a voyage; usually in the plural, outfits, the expenses of equipping and furnishing a ship for a voyage.

Outflank

OUTFLANK', verb transitive To extend the flank of one army beyond that of another.

Outfly

OUTFLY, verb transitive To fly faster than another; to advance before in flight or progress.

Garth.

Outfool

OUTFOOL', verb transitive To exceed in folly.

Young.

Outform

OUT'FORM, noun External appearance.

B. Jonson.

Outfrown

OUTFROWN', verb transitive To frown down; to overbear by frowning.

Shak.

Outgate

OUT'GATE, noun An outlet; a passage outward.

Spenser.

Outgeneral

OUTGEN'ERAL, verb transitive To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior military skill.

Chesterfield.

Outgive

OUTGIVE, verb transitive outgiv'. To surpass in giving.

Dryden.

Outgo

OUTGO', verb transitive [See Go.] To go beyond; to advance before in going; to go faster.

2. To surpass; to excel.

Carew. Dryden.

3. To circumvent; to overreach.

Denham.

Outgoing

OUTGO'ING, participle of the present tense Going beyond.

Outgoing

OUT'GOING, noun The act of going out.

2. The state of going out. Psalm 65.

3. Utmost border; extreme limit. Joshua 17.

Outgrin

OUTGRIN', verb transitive To surpass in grinning.

Addison.

Outgrow

OUTGROW, verb transitive To surpass in growth.

2. To grow too great or too old for any thing. Children outgrow their garments, and men outgrow their usefulness.

Outgrown

OUTGROWN, participle passive of outgrow.

Outguard

OUT'GUARD, noun A guard at a distance from the main body of an army; or a guard at the farthest distance; any thing for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be defended.

Dryden. South.

Outherod

OUTHER'OD, verb transitive To surpass in enormity, absurdity or cruelty.

Beddoes.

Outhouse

OUT'HOUSE, noun A small house or building at a little distance from the main house.

Outjest

OUTJEST', verb transitive To overpower by jesting.

Shak.

Outjuggle

OUTJUG'GLE, verb transitive To surpass in juggling.

Hall.

Outknave

OUTKNAVE, verb transitive outna've. To surpass in knavery.

L'Estrange.

Outland

OUT'LAND, adjective [Saxon utloende, a foreigner.]

Foreign. Obs.

Strutt.

Outlander

OUT'LANDER, noun A foreigner; not a native. Obs.

Wood.

Outlandish

OUTLAND'ISH, adjective [Saxon utloendisc; out and land.]

1. Foreign; not native.

Donne.

Nevertheless, even him did outlandish women cause to sin. Nehemiah 13.

2. Born or produced in the interior country, or among rude people; hence, vulgar; rustic; rude; clownish. [This is the sense in which the word is among us most generally used.]

Outlast

OUTL'AST, verb transitive To last longer than something else; to exceed in duration. Candles laid in bran will outlast others of the same stuff.

Bacon.

Outlaw

OUT'LAW, noun [Saxon utlaga; out and law.]

A person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its protection. Formerly any person might kill an outlaw; but it is now held unlawful for any person to put to death an outlaw, except the sheriff, who has a warrant for that purpose.

Blackstone.

Outlaw

OUT'LAW, verb transitive [Saxon utlagian.] To deprive of the benefit and protection of law; to proscribe.

Blackstone.

Outlawed

OUT'LAWED, participle passive Excluded from the benefit of law.

Outlawing

OUT'LAWING, participle of the present tense Depriving of the benefit of law.

Outlawry

OUT'LAWRY, noun The putting a man out of the protection of law, or the process by which a man is deprived of that protection; the punishment of a man who when called into court, contemptuously refuses to appear.

Blackstone.

Outlay

OUT'LAY, noun A laying out or expending; expenditure.

Outleap

OUTLE'AP, verb transitive To leap beyond; to pass by leaping.

Outleap

OUT'LEAP, noun Sally; flight; escape.

Locke.

Outlet

OUT'LET, noun Passage outward; the place or the means by which any thing escapes or is discharged. A gate is the outlet of a city or fort. The mouth of a river is its outlet. Colonies are the outlets of a populous nation.

Bacon.

Outlicker

OUT'LICKER, noun In ships, a small piece of timber fastened to the top of the poop.

Outlie

OUTLI'E, verb transitive To exceed in lying.

Hall.

Outlier

OUT'LIER, noun One who does not reside in the place with which his office or duty connects him.

Frewen.

Outline

OUT'LINE, noun Contour; the line by which a figure is defined; the exterior line.

2. The first sketch of a figure.

3. First general sketch of any scheme or design.

Outline

OUT'LINE, verb transitive To draw the exterior line; to delineate; to sketch.

Outlive

OUTLIVE, v. t. outliv'. To live beyond; to survive; to live after something has ceassed; as, a man may outlive his children; a person may outlive his estate, his fame and his usefulness.

They live too long who happiness outlive.

Dryden.

2. To live better or to better purpose.

Scott.

Outliver

OUTLIV'ER, noun A survivor.

Outlook

OUTLOOK', verb transitive To face down; to browbeat.

Shak.

2. To select. [Not in use.]

Outlook

OUT'LOOK, noun Vigilant watch; foresight.

Young.

[But look-out is generally used.]

Outlope

OUT'LOPE, noun [See Lope and Leap.] An excursion. [Not used.]

Florio.

Outluster

OUTLUS'TER, or OUTLUS'TRE, verb transitive To excel in brightness.

Shak.

Outlying

OUTLY'ING, adjective Lying or being at a distance from the main body or design.

Temple. Addison.

2. Being on the exterior or frontier.

Gibbon.

Outmarch

OUTM'ARCH, verb transitive To march faster than; to march so as to leave behind.

The horse outmarched the foot.

Clarendon.

Outmeasure

OUTMEASURE, verb transitive outmezh'ur. To exceed in measure or extent.

Brown.

Outmost

OUT'MOST, adjective Farthest outward; most remote from the middle.

Milton.

Outnumber

OUTNUM'BER, verb transitive To exceed in number. The troops outnumbered those of the enemy.

Outpace

OUTPA'CE, verb transitive To outgo; to leave behind.

Chapman.

Outparamour

OUTPAR'AMOUR, verb transitive [See Paramour.] To exceed in keeping mistresses.

Shak.

Outparish

OUT'PARISH, noun A parish lying without the walls, or on the border.

Graunt.

Outpart

OUT'PART, noun A part remote from the center or main part.

Ayliffe.

Outpass

OUTP'ASS, verb transitive To pass beyond; to exceed in progress.

Kirwan.

Outpoise

OUTPOISE, verb transitive outpoiz'. To outweigh.

Howell.

Outporch

OUT'PORCH, noun An entrance.

Milton.

Outpost

OUT'POST, noun A post or station without the limits of a camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army.

2. The troops placed at such a station.

Marshall.

Outpour

OUTPOUR, verb transitive To pour out; to send forth in a stream.

Milton.

2. To effuse.

Outpouring

OUT'POURING, noun A pouring out; effusion.

Milner. Bogue.

Outpray

OUTPRA'Y, verb transitive To exceed in prayer or in earnestness of entreaty.

Scott.

Outpreach

OUTPRE'ACH, verb transitive To surpass in preaching; to produce more effect in inculcating lessons or truth.

And for a villain's quick conversion

A pill'ry can outpreach a parson.

J. Trumbull.

Outprize

OUTPRI'ZE, verb transitive To exceed in value or estimated worth.

Shak.

Outrage

OUT'RAGE, verb transitive [French outrager; Armoric outrachi, outragi; Italian oltraggiare; Spanish Portugese ultrajar; from the Latin ultra, beyond, Italian oltre, with the common termination age; or more probably it is a compound of ultra, oltra, outre, with the Spanish ajar, to spoil, to mar, to abuse with injurious language.]

To treat with violence and wrong; to abuse by rude or insolent language; to injure by rough, rude treatment of any kind.

Base and insolent minds outrage men, when they have hopes of doing it without a return.

Atterbury.

This interview outrages all decency.

Broome.

Outrage

OUT'RAGE, verb intransitive To commit exorbitances; to be guilty of violent rudeness.

Ascham.

Outrage

OUT'RAGE, noun [French id; Italian oltraggio; Spanish Portugese ultraje.]

Injurious violence offered to persons or things; excessive abuse; wanton mischief. Rude abusive language, scurrility, or opprobrious and contemptuous words, may be an outrage to persons, or to decency and civility. A violent attack upon person or property is an outrage.

He wrought great outrages, wasting all the country where he went.

Spenser.

Outrageous

OUTRA'GEOUS, adjective [Italian oltraggioso; French outrageux.]

1. Violent; furious; exorbitant; exceeding all bounds of moderation; as outrageous villainies; outrageous talk; outrageous abuse.

Sidney. Spenser.

2. Excessive; exceeding reason or decency; as outrageous panegyric.

Dryden.

3. Enormous; atrocious; as outrageous crimes.

Shak.

4. Tumultuous; turbulent.

Outrageously

OUTRA'GEOUSLY, adverb With great violence; furiously; excessively.

Spenser. South.

Outrageousness

OUTRA'GEOUSNESS, noun Fury; violence; enormity.

Dryden.

Outraze

OUTRA'ZE, verb transitive To raze to extermination.

Sandys.

Outre

OUTRE, a. ootra'y. [French] Being out of the common course or limits; extravagant.

Geddes.

Outreach

OUTRE'ACH, verb transitive To go or extend beyond.

Brown.

Outreason

OUTRE'ASON, verb transitive To excel or surpass in reasoning.

South.

Outreckon

OUTRECK'ON, verb transitive To exceed in assumed computation.

Pearson.

Outreign

OUTREIGN, verb transitive To reign through the whole of.

Spenser.

Outride

OUTRI'DE, verb transitive To pass by riding; to ride faster than.

Hall.

Outride

OUTRI'DE, verb intransitive To travel about on horseback, or in a vehicle.

Addison.

Outrider

OUT'RIDER, noun A summoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff. [Not used.]

Dict.

2. One who travels about on horseback.

3. An attending servant.

Outrigger

OUT'RIGGER, noun In seamen's language, a strong beam fixed on the side of a ship and projecting from it, in order to secure the masts in the operation of careening, by counteracting the strain it suffers from the effort of the careening tackle; also, a boom occasionally used in the tops to thrust out the breast back-stays to wind-ward, to increase the angle of tension, and give additional security to the topmast. [See Prow.]

Mar. Dict.

Outright

OUT'RIGHT, adverb Immediately; without delay; at once.

Arbuthnot.

2. Completely.

Addison.

Outrival

OUTRI'VAL, verb transitive To surpass in excellence.

Addison.

Outroar

OUTROAR, verb transitive To exceed in roaring.

Shak.

Outrode

OUT'RODE, noun An excursion. 1 Macc. xv.

Outroot

OUTROOT', verb transitive To eradicate; to extirpate.

Rowe.

Outrun

OUTRUN', verb transitive To exceed in running; to leave behind in running.

Dryden.

2. To exceed; as, to outrun one's income.

Addison.

Outsail

OUTSA'IL, verb transitive To sail faster than; to leave behind in sailing.

Broome.

Outscape

OUTSCA'PE, noun Power of escaping. [Not used.]

Chapman.

Outscorn

OUTSCORN, verb transitive To bear down or confront by contempt; to despise.

Outscourings

OUTSCOUR'INGS, noun [out and scour.] Sub-stances washed or scoured out.

Buckland.

Outsell

OUTSELL', verb transitive To exceed in amount of sales.

2. To exceed in the prices of things sold.

3. To gain a higher price.

Shak.

Outset

OUT'SET, noun Beginning; first entrance on any business.

Mason. Smith.

Every thing almost depends upon giving a proper direction to this outset of life.

J. Hawes.

Outshine

OUTSHI'NE, verb transitive To send forth brightness or luster.

Shak.

2. To excel in luster or excellence; as, Homer outshines all other poets.

Addison.

Outshoot

OUTSHOOT', verb transitive To exceed in shooting.

Dryden.

2. To shoot beyond.

Norris.

Outshut

OUTSHUT', verb transitive To shut out or exclude.

Donne.

Outside

OUTSI'DE, noun The external part of a thing; the part, end or side which forms the surface or superficies.

Bacon. Dryden.

2. Superficial appearance; exterior; as the outside of a man or of manners.

Created beings see nothing but our outside.

Addison.

3. Person; external man.

Shak. Bacon.

4. The part or place that lies without or beyond an inclosure.

I threw open the door of my chamber and found the family standing on the outside.

Spectator.

5. The utmost.

Mortimer.

Outsit

OUTSIT', verb transitive To sit beyond the time of any thing.

South.

Outskip

OUTSKIP', verb transitive To avoid by flight.

B. Jonson.

Outskirt

OUT'SKIRT, noun Border; outpost; suburb.

Clarendon.

Outsleep

OUTSLEE'P, verb transitive To sleep beyond.

Shak.

Outsoar

OUTSOAR, verb transitive To soar beyond.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Outsound

OUTSOUND', verb transitive To surpass in sound.

Hammond.

Outspeak

OUTSPE'AK, verb transitive To speak something beyond; to exceed.

Shak.

Outsport

OUTSPORT, verb transitive To sport beyond; to outdo in sporting.

Shak.

Outspread

OUTSPREAD', verb transitive To extend; to spread; to diffuse.

Pope.

Outstand

OUTSTAND', verb transitive To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding. [Little used.]

Woodward.

2. To stand beyond the proper time.

Shak.

Outstand

OUTSTAND', verb intransitive To project outwards from the main body.

Outstanding

OUTSTAND'ING, participle of the present tense Resisting effectually. [Little used.]

2. Projecting outward.

3. Not collected; unpaid; as outstanding debts.

The whole amount of revenuesÃ‚--as well outstanding as collected.

Hamilton.

Outstare

OUTSTA'RE, verb transitive To face down; to browbeat; to outface with effrontery; as we say, to stare out of countenance.

Shak.

Outstep

OUTSTEP', verb transitive To step or go beyond; to exceed.

Cumberland.

Outstorm

OUTSTORM', verb transitive To overbear by storming.

Insults the tempest and outstorms the skies.

J. Barlow.

Outstreet

OUT'STREET, noun A street in the extremities of a town.

Outstretch

OUTSTRETCH', verb transitive To extend; to stretch or spread out; to expand.

Milton.

Outstride

OUTSTRI'DE, verb transitive To surpass in striding.

B. Jonson.

Outstrip

OUTSTRIP', verb transitive To outgo; to outrun; to advance beyond.

South. Dryden.

Outswear

OUTSWEAR, verb transitive To exceed in swearing; to overpower by swearing.

Shak.

Outsweeten

OUTSWEE'TEN, verb transitive To exceed in sweetness.

Shak.

Outswell

OUTSWELL', verb transitive To overflow; to exceed in swelling.

Outtalk

OUTTALK, verb transitive outtauk'. To overpower by talking; to exceed in talking.

Shak.

Outthrow

OUTTHROW, verb transitive To throw out or beyond.

Swift.

Outtongue

OUTTONGUE, verb transitive outtung'. To bear down by talk, clamor or noise.

Shak.

Outtop

OUTTOP', verb transitive To overtop. [Not used.]

Williams.

Outvalue

OUTVAL'UE, verb transitive To exceed in price or value.

Boyle.

Outvenom

OUTVEN'OM, verb transitive To exceed in poison.

Shake.

Outvie

OUTVI'E, verb transitive To exceed; to surpass.

Dryden. Addison.

Outvillain

OUTVIL'LAIN, verb transitive To exceed in villainy.

Shak.

Outvoice

OUTVOICE, verb transitive outvois'. To exceed in roaring or clamor. [Not used.]

Shak.

Outvote

OUTVO'TE, verb transitive To exceed in the number of votes given; to defeat by plurality of suffrages.

South.

Outwalk

OUTWALK, verb transitive outwauk'. To walk faster than; to leave behind in walking.

2. To exceed the walking of a specter.

B. Jonson.

Outwall

OUT'WALL, noun The exterior wall of a building or fortress.

2. Superficial appearance. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Outward

OUT'WARD, adjective [Saxon utweard or uteweard; ut, out, and weard, Latin versus.]

1. External; exterior; forming the superficial part; as the outward coat of an onion; an outward garment.

2. External; visible; opposed to inward; as outward hate.

3. Extrinsic; adventitious.

And outward honor for an inward toil.

Shak.

4. Foreign; not intestine; as an outward war. [Not now used. We now say, external or foreign war.]

Hayward.

5. Tending to the exterior part.

The fire will force its outward way.

Dryden.

6. In Scripture, civil; public; as opposed to religious. 1 Chronicles 26.

7. In theology, carnal; fleshly; corporeal; not spiritual; as the outward man.

Outward

OUT'WARD, noun External form.

Shak.

Outward

OUT'WARD, or OUT'WARDS, adverb To the outer parts; tending or directed towards the exterior.

The light falling on them [black bodies] is not reflected outwards.

Newton.

2. From a port or country; as a ship bound outwards.

Outward-Bound

OUTWARD-BOUND', adjective Proceeding from a port or country.

Outwardly

OUT'WARDLY, adverb Externally; opposed to inwardly; as outwardly content, but inwardly uneasy.

2. In appearance; not sincerely. Many may inwardly reverence the goodness which they outwardly seem to despise.

Outwash

OUTWASH', verb transitive To wash out; to cleanse from. [Little used.]

Donne.

Outwatch

OUTWATCH', verb transitive To surpass in watching.

B. Jonson.

Outwear

OUTWEAR, verb transitive To wear out. [Not used.]

Donne.

2. To pass tediously to the end.

By the stream, if 1 the night outwearÃ‚--

Pope.

3. To last longer than something else. [This is the common signification.]

Outweed

OUTWEE'D, verb transitive To weed out; to extirpate, as a weed.

Spenser.

Outweep

OUTWEE'P, verb transitive To exceed in weeping.

Dryden.

Outweigh

OUTWEIGH, verb transitive outwa'y. [See Weigh.]

1. To exceed in weight.

Wilkins.

2. To exceed in value, influence or importance.

One self-approving hour whole years outweighs

Of stupid starers and of loud huzzas.

Pope.

Outwell

OUTWELL', verb transitive or i. To pour out. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Outwent

OUTWENT', pret. of outgo.

Outwhore

OUTWHO'RE, verb transitive To exceed in lewdness.

Pope.

Outwin

OUTWIN', verb transitive To get out of. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Outwind

OUTWIND, verb transitive To extricate by winding; to unloose.

More.

Outwing

OUTWING', verb transitive To move faster on the wing; to outstrip.

Garth.

Outwit

OUTWIT', verb transitive To surpass in design or stratagem; to overreach; to defeat or frustrate by superior ingenuity.

Dryden.

Outwork

OUT'WORK, noun The part of a fortification most remote from the main fortress or citadel.

Bacon.

Outworn

OUTWORN, participle passive [See Wear.] Worn out; consumed by use.

Milton.

Outworth

OUTWORTH, verb transitive To exceed in value.

Shak.

Outwrest

OUTWREST, verb transitive outrest'. To extort; to draw from or forth by violence.

Spenser.

Outwrite

OUTWRITE, verb transitive outri'te. To surpass in writing.

Addison.

Outwrought

OUTWROUGHT, participle passive outraut'. [See Work.] Outdone; exceeded in act or efficacy.

Outzany

OUTZA'NY, verb transitive [See Zany.] To exceed in buffoonery.

Oval

O'VAL, adjective [French ovale, from Latin ovum, an egg.]

1. Of the shape or figure of an egg; oblong; curvilinear; resembling the longitudinal section of an egg. It is sometimes synonmyous with elliptical; but an ellipsis is equally broad at both ends, and is not strictly egg-shaped.

Encyc.

2. Pertaining to eggs; done in the egg; as oval conceptions.

Brown.

Oval

O'VAL, noun A body or figure in the shape of an egg.

Watts.

Ovarious

OVA'RIOUS, adjective Consisting of eggs; as ovarious food.

Thomson.

Ovary

O'VARY, noun [French ovaire; Latin ovarium, from ovum, an egg.]

The part of a female animal in which the eggs are formed or lodged; or the part in which the fetus is supposed to be formed.

Encyc. Coxe.

Ovate

O'VATE, or O'VATED, adjective [Latin ovatus, from ovum, an egg.] Egg-shaped; as an ovate leaf.

Ovate-Lanceolate

OVATE-LAN'CEOLATE, adjective Having something of the form of an egg and a lance, inclining to the latter.

Martyn.

Ovate-Subulate

OVATE-SUB'ULATE, adjective Having something of the form of an egg and an awl, but most tending to the latter.

Martyn.

Ovation

OVA'TION, noun [Latin ovatio.] In Roman antiquity, a lesser triumph allowed to commanders who had conquered without blood, or defeated an inconsiderable enemy.

Encyc.

Ovato-Oblong

OVATO-OB'LONG, adjective Oblong in the shape of an egg, or with the end lengthened.

Martyn.

Oven

OVEN, noun uv'n. [Saxon German ofen; Dutch oven; Danish ovn. Qu. Greek, Swedish ugn. In Russian ovini are small wooden kilns for drying corn. Tooke.]

An arch of brick or stone work, for baking bread and other things for food. Ovens are made in chimneys or set in the open air.

Over

O'VER, prep. [Saxon ober, ofer; Gothic ufar; German Ãƒ-¼ber; Dutch Danish over; Swedish ofver; Greek, whence probably Latin super; Armoric uvar, var, oar, ar; Irish ar, formerly fair or fer; Welsh ar; Cornish uar. Qu. Greek. This word corresponds in sense with in the Shemitic dialects, signifying to pass, in almost any manner; to pass over, as a river, to pass beyond, to pass away, to pass by; in short, to move, depart or go, Saxon faran, to fare. Hence the derivative sense of beyond, either on the other side or above; hence the sense of excess, which supposes the passing of a limit; hence the sense of opposite or against, in the Greek, for the further side of a river is the opposite side. We do not use the word in this sense, except with against. See Class Br. No. 23. The Persian corresponding word is fara, which coincides nearly with the Greek, and both seem to be more directly from the Arabic to go beyond. Class Br. No. 37.]

1. Across; from side to side; implying a passing or moving either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it. Thus we say, a dog leaps over a stream, or over a table; a boat sails over a lake.

2. Above in place or position; opposed to below; as the clouds over our heads. The smoke rises over the city.

The mercy-seat that is over the testimony. Exodus 30.

3. Above, denoting superiority in excellence, dignity or value; as the advantages which the christian world has over the heathen.

Swift.

Young Pallas shone conspicuous o'er the rest.

Dryden.

4. Above in authority, implying the right or power of superintending or governing; opposed to under.

Thou shalt be over my house. Genesis 41.

I will make thee ruler over many things. Matthew 25.

5. Upon the surface or whole surface; through the whole extent; as, to wander over the earth; to walk over a field, or over a city.

6. Upon. Watch over your children.

Dost thou not watch over my sin? Job 14. His tender mercies are over all his works. Psalm 145.

7. During the whole time; from beginning to end; as, to keep any thing over night; to keep corn over winter.

8. Above the top; covering; immersing; as, the water is over the shoes or boots.

Over night. In this phrase, over sometimes signifies before; as, when preparing for a journey, we provide things necessary over night.

Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er.

Over

O'VER, adverb From side to side; as a board a foot over; a tree a foot over, a foot in diameter.

2. On the opposite side. The boat is safe over.

3. From one to another by passing; as, to deliver over goods to another.

4. From one country to another by passing; as, to carry any thing over to France, or to bring any thing over to England.

Bacon.

5. On the surface.

6. Above the top.

Good measure, pressed down and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. Luke 6.

7. More than the quantity assigned; beyond a limit.

He that gathered much had nothing over. Exodus 16.

8. Throughout; from beginning to end; completely; as, to read over a book; to argue a question over again.

Over and over, repeatedly; once and again.

And every night review'd it o'er and o'er.

Harte.

Over again, once more; with repetition.

O kill not all my kindred o'er again.

Dryden.

Over and above, besides; beyond what is supposed or limited.

He gained, over and above, the good will of the people.

L'Estrange.

Over against, opposite; in front.

Over against this church stands a large hospital.

Addison.

Over is used with rolling or turning from side to side; as, to turn over; to roll over.

To give over, to cease from; as, to give over an enterprize.

2. To consider as in a hopeless state; as, the physicians have given over their patient.

Over, in composition, denotes spreading, covering above; as in overcast, overflow; or across, as to overhear; or above, as to overhang; or turning, changing sides, as in overturn; or more generally beyond, implying excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome.

Over

O'VER, adjective Past.

The Olympic games were over.

Milner.

2. Upper; covering; as over-shoes; over-lether.

Overbound

OVERBOUND', verb intransitive To abound more than enough; to be superabundant.

Pope.

Overact

OVERACT', verb transitive To act or perform to excess; as, he overacted his part.

Atterbury.

Overact

OVERACT', verb intransitive To act more than is necessary.

B. Jonson.

Overgitate

OVERG'ITATE, verb transitive To agitate or discuss beyond what is expendient.

Hall.

Overalls

O'VERALLS, noun A kind of trowsers.

Overanxious

OVERANX'IOUS, adjective Anxious to excess.

Overarch

OVER'ARCH, verb transitive To arch over; to cover with an arch.

Brown with o'erarching shades.

Pope.

Overawe

OVERAWE, v. t. overaw'. To restrain by awe, fear or superior influence.

The king was present in person to overlook the magistrates and overawe the subjects with the terror of his sword.

Spenser.

Overbalance

OVERBAL'ANCE, verb transitive To weigh down; to exceed in weight, value or importance. The evils which spring from vice overbalance all its pleasures.

Overbalance

OVERBAL'ANCE, noun Excess of weight or value; something more than an equivalent; as an overbalance of exports; an overbalance of probabilities.

Temple. Locke.

Overbattle

OVERBAT'TLE, adjective [qu. from the root of batten, to fatten.]

Too fruitful; exuberant. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Overbear

OVERBEAR, verb transitive [See Bear.] To bear down; to repress; to subdue.

The point of reputation, when the news first came of the battle lost, did overbear the reason of war.

Bacon.

Yet fortune, valor, all is overborne

By numbers.

Derham.

Till overborne with weight the Cyprians fell.

Dryden.

Overbearing

OVERBEARING, participle of the present tense Bearing down; repressing.

2. adjective Haughty and dogmatical; disposed or tending to repress or subdue by insolence or effrontery.

Overbend

OVERBEND', verb transitive To bend or stretch to excess.

Donne.

Overbid

OVERBID', verb transitive To bid or offer beyond.

2. To bid or offer more than an equivalent.

Overblow

OVERBLOW, verb intransitive To blow with too much violence; a seaman's phrase.

2. To blow over, or be past its violence. [Not used.]

Overblow

OVERBLOW, verb transitive To blow away; to dissipate by wind.

Waller.

Overblown

OVERBLOWN, participle passive Blown by and gone; blown away; driven by; past.

Dryden.

And when this cloud of sorrow's overblown.

Waller.

Overboard

OVERBOARD, adverb [over and French bord, side.]

Literally, over the side of a ship; hence, out of a ship or from on board; as, to fall overboard; which of course is to fall into the water.

Mar. Dict.

Overbrow

OVERBROW', verb transitive To hang over.

Collins.

Overbuilt

OVERBUILT, pp. overbilt'. Built over.

Milton.

Overbulk

OVERBULK', verb transitive To oppress by bulk. [Not used.]

Shak.

Overburden

OVERBUR'DEN, verb transitive To load with too great weight.

Sidney.

Overburdened

OVERBUR'DENED, participle passive Overloaded.

Overburn

OVERBURN', verb transitive To burn too much.

Mortimer.

Overbusy

OVERBUSY, a. overbiz'zy. Too busy; officious.

Decay of Piety.

Overbuy

OVERBUY', verb transitive To buy at too dear a rate.

Dryden.

Overcanopy

OVERCAN'OPY, verb transitive To cover as with a canopy.

Shak.

Overcare

OVERCA'RE, noun Excessive care or anxiety.

Dryden.

Overcareful

OVERCA'REFUL, adjective Careful to excess.

Overcarry

OVERCAR'RY, verb transitive To carry too far; to carry or urge beyond the proper point.

Hayward.

Overcast

OVERC`AST, verb transitive To cloud; to darken; to cover with gloom.

The clouds that overcast our morn shall fly.

Dryden.

2. To cast or compute at too high a rate; to rate too high.

The king in his account of peace and calms did much overcast his fortunesÃ‚--

Bacon.

3. To sew over.

Overcast

OVERC`AST, participle passive Clouded; overspread with clouds or gloom.

The dawn is overcast.

Addison.

Our days of age are sad and overcast.

Raleigh.

Overcautious

OVERCAU'TIOUS, adjective Cautious or prudent to excess.

Addison.

Overcharge

OVERCH`ARGE, verb transitive To charge or load to excess; to cloy; to oppress.

The heavy load of abundance with which we overcharge natureÃ‚--

Raleigh.

2. To crowd too much.

Our language is overcharged with consonants.

Addison.

3. To burden.

Shak.

4. To fill to excess; to surcharge; as, to overcharge the memory.

Locke.

5. To load with too great a charge, as a gun.

Denham.

6. To charge too much; to enter in an account more than is just.

Overcharge

O'VERCHARGE, noun An excessive load or burden.

2. A charge in an account of more than is just.

3. A charge beyond what is proper.

Overclimb

OVERCLIMB, verb transitive To climb over.

Surrey.

Overcloud

OVERCLOUD', verb transitive To cover or overspread with clouds.

Tickel.

Overcloy

OVERCLOY', verb transitive To fill beyond satiety.

Shak.

Overcold

OVERCOLD, adjective Cold to excess.

Wiseman.

Overcome

OVERCOME, verb transitive [See Come.] To conquer; to vanquish; to subdue; as, to overcome enemies in battle.

2. To surmount; to get the better of; as, to overcome difficulties or obstacles.

3. To overflow; to surcharge. [Not used.]

Philips.

4. To come upon; to invade. [Not used.]

Overcome

OVERCOME, verb intransitive To gain the superiority; to be victorious. Romans 3.

Overcomer

OVERCOMER, noun One who vanquishes or surmounts.

Overcomingly

OVERCOMINGLY, adverb With superiority.

More.

Overconfidence

OVERCON'FIDENCE, noun Excessive confidence.

Overcorn

OVERCORN', verb transitive To corn to excess.

Addison.

Overcount

OVERCOUNT', verb transitive To rate above the true value.

Shak.

Overcover

OVERCOV'ER, verb transitive To cover completely.

Shak.

Overcredulous

OVERCRED'ULOUS, adjectiveToo apt to believe.

Shak.

Overcrow

OVERCROW, verb transitive To crow as in triumph. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Overcurious

OVERCU'RIOUS, adjective Curious or nice to excess.

Bacon.

Overdate

OVERDA'TE, verb transitive To date beyond the proper period.

Milton.

Overdight

OVERDI'GHT, adjective Covered over. Obs.

Spenser.

Overdiligent

OVERDIL'IGENT, adjective Diligent to excess.

Overdo

OVERDO, verb transitive To do or perform too much.

Shak.

2. To harass; to fatigue; to oppress by too much action or labor.

3. To boil, bake or roast too much.

Swift.

Overdo

OVERDO, verb intransitive To labor too hard; to do too much.

Grew.

Overdone

OVERDONE, participle passive Overacted; acted to excess.

2. Wearied or oppressed by too much labor.

3. Boiled, baked or roasted too much.

Swift.

Overdose

OVERDOSE, noun Too great a dose.

Overdress

OVERDRESS', verb transitive To dress to excess; to adorn too much.

Pope.

Overdrink

OVERDRINK', verb transitive To drink to excess.

Overdrive

OVERDRI'VE, verb transitive To drive too hard, or beyond strength. Gen xxxiii.

Overdry

OVERDRY', verb transitive To dry too much.

Burton.

Overeager

OVERE'AGER, adjective Too eager; too vehement in desire.

Goodman.

Overeagerly

OVERE'AGERLY, adverb With excessive eagerness.

Overeagerness

OVERE'AGERNESS, noun Excess of earnestness.

Overeat

OVERE'AT, verb transitive To eat to excess.

Overelegant

OVEREL'EGANT, adjective Elegant to excess.

Johnson.

Overempty

OVEREMP'TY, verb transitive To make too empty.

Carew.

Overeye

OVEREYE, verb transitive To superintend; to inspect. [Little used.]

2. To observe; to remark.

Shak.

Overfall

O'VERFALL, noun A cataract; the fall of a river.

Raleigh.

Overfatigue

OVERFATIGUE, n. overfatee'g. Excessive fatigue.

Overfatigue

OVERFATIGUE, v. t. overfatee'g. To fatigue to excess.

Watts.

Overfeed

OVERFEE'D, verb transitive To feed to excess.

Dryden.

Overfill

OVERFILL', verb transitive To fill to excess; to surcharge.

Dryden.

Overfloat

OVERFLOAT, verb transitive To overflow; to inundate.

Dryden.

Overflourish

OVERFLOURISH, v. t. overflur'ish. To make excessive display or flourish.

Collier.

Overflow

OVERFLOW, verb transitive To spread over, as water; to inundate; to cover with water or other fluid.

2. To fill beyond the brim.

3. To deluge; to overwhelm; to cover, as with numbers.

The northern nations overflowed all christendom.

Spenser.

Overflow

OVERFLOW, verb intransitive To run over; to swell and run over the brim or banks.

Dryden.

2. To be abundant; to abound; to exuberate; as overflowing plenty.

Rogers.

Overflow

O'VERFLOW, noun An inundation; also, superabundance.

Bacon.

Overflowing

OVERFLOWING, participle of the present tense Spreading over, as a fluid; inundating; running over the brim or banks.

Overflowing

OVERFLOWING, adjective Abundant; copious; exuberant.

Overflowing

OVERFLOWING, noun Exuberance; copiousness.

Denham.

Overflowingly

OVERFLOWINGLY, adverb Exuberantly; in great abundance.

Boyle.

Overflush

OVERFLUSH', verb transitive To flush to excess.

Overflushed

OVERFLUSH'ED, participle passive Flushed to excess; reddened to excess.

2. Elated to excess.

Addison.

Overfly

OVERFLY', verb transitive To pass over or cross by flight.

Dryden.

Overforward

OVERFOR'WARD, adjective Forward to excess.

Overforwardness

OVERFOR'WARDNESS, adjective Too great forwardness or readiness; officiousness.

Hale.

Overfreight

OVERFREIGHT, v. t. overfra'te. [See Freight.]

To load too heavily; to fill with too great quantity or numbers; as, to overfreight a boat.

Overfruitful

OVERFRU'ITFUL, adjective Too rich; producing superabundant crops.

Dryden.

Overget

OVERGET', verb transitive To reach; to overtake. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Overgild

OVERGILD', verb transitive To gild over; to varnish.

Overgird

OVERGIRD', verb transitive To gird or bind too closely.

Milton.

Overglance

OVERGL`ANCE, verb transitive To glance over; to run over with the eye.

Shak.

Overgo

OVERGO', verb transitive To exceed; to surpass.

Sidney.

2. To cover. [Not used.]

Chapman.

Overgone

OVERGONE, pp. overgawn'. Injured; ruined.

Shak.

Overgorge

OVERGORGE, v. t. overgorj'. to gorge to excess.

Shak.

Overgrassed

OVERGR`ASSED, participle passive Overstocked with grass; overgrown with grass.

Spenser.

Overgreat

OVERGREAT, adjective Too great.

Locke.

Overgrow

OVERGROW, verb transitive To cover with growth or herbage.

Spenser.

2. To grow beyond; to rise above.

Mortimer.

Overgrow

OVERGROW, verb intransitive To grow beyond the fit or natural size; as a huge overgrown ox.

L'Estrange.

Overgrowth

OVERGROWTH, noun Exuberant or excessive growth.

Bacon.

Overhale

OVERHALE. [See Overhaul.]

Overhandle

OVERHAND'LE, verb transitive To handle too much; to mention too often.

Shak.

Overhang

OVERHANG', verb transitive To impend or hang over.

2. To jut or project over.

Milton.

Overhang

OVERHANG', verb intransitive To jut over.

Milton.

Overharden

OVERH`ARDEN, verb transitive To harden too much; to make too hard.

Boyle.

Overhastily

OVERHASTILY, adverb In too much haste.

Hales.

Overhastiness

OVERHASTINESS, noun Too much haste; precipitation.

Reresby.

Overhasty

OVERHASTY, adjective Too hasty; precipitate.

Hammond.

Overhaul

OVERHAUL', verb transitive To spread over.

Spenser.

2. To turn over for examination; to separate and inspect.

3. To draw over.

4. To examine again.

5. To gain upon in a chase; to overtake.

Overhead

OVERHEAD, adv. overhed'. Aloft; above; in the zenith or cieling.

Milton. Addison.

Overhear

OVERHE'AR, verb transitive To hear by accident; to hear what is not addressed to the hearer, or not intended to be heard by him.

Wotton. Milton.

Overheard

OVERHE'ARD, participle passive Heard by accident.

Overheat

OVERHE'AT, verb transitive To heat to excess.

Addison.

Overhele

OVERHE'LE, verb transitive To cover over. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Overhend

OVERHEND', verb transitive To overtake. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Overjoy

OVERJOY', verb transitive To give great joy to; to transport with gladness.

Taylor.

Overjoy

OVERJOY, noun Joy to excess; transport.

Overlabor

OVERLA'BOR, verb transitive To harass with toil.

Dryden.

2. To execute with too much care.

Overlade

OVERLA'DE, verb transitive To load with too great a cargo or other burden.

Overladen

OVERLA'DEN, participle passive Overburdened; loaded to excess.

Overlaid

OVERLA'ID, participle passive [See Overlay.] Oppressed with weight; smothered; covered over.

Overlarge

OVERL`ARGE, adjective Too large; too great.

Collier.

Overlargeness

OVERL`ARGENESS, noun Excess of size.

Overlash

OVERLASH, verb intransitive To exaggerate. [Little used.]

Barrow.

2. To proceed to excess. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Overlay

OVERLA'Y, verb transitive To lay too much upon; to oppress with incumbent weight; as a country overlaid with inhabitants.

Raleigh.

Our sins have overlaid our hopes.

K. Charles.

2. To cover or spread over the surface; as, to overlay capitals of columns with silver; cedar overlaid with gold.

3. To smother with close covering; as, to overlay an infant.

Milton.

4. To overwhelm; to smother.

A heap of ashes that o'erlays your fire.

Dryden.

5. To cloud; to overcast.

Ã‚--As when a cloud his beam doth overlay.

Spenser.

6. To cover; to join two opposite sides by a cover.

And overlay With this portentous bridge the dark abyss.

Milton.

Overlaying

OVERLA'YING, noun A superficial covering. Exodus 38.

Overleap

OVERLE'AP, verb transitive To leap over; to pass or move from side to side by leaping; as, to overleap a ditch or a fence.

Dryden.

Overleather

O'VERLEATHER, or O'VERLETHER, noun The lether which forms or is intended to form the upper part of a shoe; that which is over the foot. [With us, this is called upper lether.]

Shak.

Overleaven

OVERLEAVEN, v. t. overlev'n. To leaven too much; to cause to rise and swell too much.

B. Jonson.

2. To mix too much with; to corrupt.

Shak.

Overliberal

OVERLIB'ERAL, adjective Too liberal; too free; abundant to excess; as overliberal diet.

Bacon.

Overlight

OVERLIGHT, noun Too strong a light.

Bacon.

Overlive

OVERLIVE, v. t. overliv'. To outlive; to live longer than another; to survive. [We generally use outlive.]

Sidney.

Overlive

OVERLIVE, v. i. overliv'. To live too long.

Milton.

Overliver

OVERLIV'ER, noun One that lives longest; a survivor.

Bacon.

Overload

OVERLOAD, verb transitive To load with too heavy a burden or cargo; to fill to excess; as, to overload the stomach or a vehicle.

Overlong

OVERLONG', adjective Too long.

Boyle.

Overlook

OVERLOOK', verb transitive To view from a higher place; applied to persons; as, to stand on a hill and overlook a city.

2. To stand in a more elevated place, or to rise so high as to afford the means of looking down on; applied to things. The tower overlooked the town.

3. To see from behind or over the shoulder of another; to see from a higher position; as, to overlook a paper when one is writing.

Dryden.

4. To view fully; to peruse.

Shak.

5. To inspect; to superintend; to oversee; implying care and watchfulness.

He was present in person to overlook the magistrates.

Spenser.

6. To review; to examine a second time or with care.

The time and care that are required

To overlook, and file and polish well.

Roscommon.

7. To pass by indulgently; to excuse; not to punish or censure; as, to overlook faults.

Addison.

8. To neglect; to slight.

They overlook truth in the judgment they pass on adversity and prosperity.

Atterbury.

Overlooker

OVERLOOK'ER, noun One that overlooks.

Overloop

OVERLOOP, now written orlop, which see.

Overlove

OVERLOVE, verb transitive To love to excess; to prize or value too much.

Hall.

Overly

O'VERLY, adjective [Saxon oferlice.] Careless; negligent; inattentive. [Not used.]

Hall.

Overmast

OVERM'AST, verb transitive To furnish with a mast or with masts that are too long or too heavy for the weight of keel.

Overmasted

OVERM'ASTED, participle passive Having masts too long or too heavy for the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Overmaster

OVERM'ASTER, verb transitive To overpower; to subdue; to vanquish; to govern.

Milton.

Overmatch

OVERMATCH', verb transitive To be too powerful for; to conquer; to subdue; to oppress by superior force.

Dryden.

Overmatch

OVERMATCH', noun One superior in power; one able to overcome.

Milton. Addison.

Overmeasure

OVERMEASURE, v. t. overmezh'ur. To measure or estimate too largely.

Bacon.

Overmeasure

OVERMEASURE, n. overmezh'ur. Excess of measure; something that exceeds the measure proposed.

Overmix

OVERMIX', verb transitive To mix with to much.

Creech.

Overmodest

OVERMOD'EST, adjective Modest to excess; bashful.

Hales.

Overmost

O'VERMOST, adjective Highest; over the rest in authority.

Ainsworth.

Overmuch

OVERMUCH', adjective Too much; exceeding what is necessary or proper.

Locke.

Overmuch

OVERMUCH', adverb In too great a degree.

Hooker.

Overmuch

OVERMUCH', noun More than sufficient.

Milton.

Overmuchness

OVERMUCH'NESS, noun Superabundance. [Not used and barbarous.]

B. Jonson.

Overmultitude

OVERMUL'TITUDE, verb transitive To exceed in number. [Not used.]

Milton.

Overname

OVERNA'ME, verb transitive To name over or in a series. [Not used.]

Shak.

Overneat

OVERNE'AT, adjective Excessively neat.

Spectator.

Overnight

OVERNIGHT, noun Night before bed-time. [See Over, prep.]

Shak.

Overnoise

OVERNOISE, v. t. overnoiz'. To overpower by noise.

Cowley.

Overoffended

OVEROFFEND'ED, adjective Offended to excess.

Steele.

Overoffice

OVEROF'FICE, verb transitive To lord by virtue of an office. [Not used.]

Shak.

Overofficious

OVEROFFI'CIOUS, adjective Too busy; too ready to intermeddle; too importunate.

Collier.

Overpaint

OVERPA'INT, verb transitive To color or describe too strongly.

Hill.

Overpass

OVERP'ASS, verb transitive To cross; to go over.

Dryden.

2. To overlook; to pass without regard.

Milton. Hooker.

3. To omit, as in reckoning.

Raleigh.

4. To omit; not to receive or include.

Hooker.

Overpassed

OVERP'ASSED, or OPAST, participle passive Passed by; passed away; gone; past.

Shak.

Overpay

OVERPA'Y, verb transitive To pay too much or more than is due.

2. To reward beyond the price or merit.

Prior.

Overpeer

OVERPEE'R, verb transitive To overlook; to hover over. [Not used.]

Shak.

Overpeople

OVERPE'OPLE, verb transitive To overstock with inhabitants.

Jonson.

Overperch

OVERPERCH', verb transitive To perch over or above; to fly over.

Shak.

Overpersuade

OVERPERSUA'DE, verb transitive To persuade or influence against one's inclination or opinion.

Pope.

Overpicture

OVERPIC'TURE, verb transitive To exceed the representation or picture.

Shak.

Overplus

O'VERPLUS, noun [over and Latin plus, more, or perhaps, German Ãƒ-¼berfluss, overflow.]

Surplus; that which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed. Take what is wanted and return the overplus.

It would look like a fable to report that this gentleman gives away all which is the overplus of a great fortune.

Addison.

Overply

OVERPLY', verb transitive To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigor.

Milton.

Overpoise

OVERPOISE, v. t. overpoiz'. To outweigh.

Brown.

Overpoise

OVERPOISE, n. overpoiz'. Preponderant weight.

Dryden.

Overpolish

OVERPOL'ISH, verb transitive To polish too much.

Blackwall.

Overponderous

OVERPON'DEROUS, adjective Too heavy; too depressing.

Milton.

Overpost

OVERPOST, verb transitive To hasten over quickly.

Shak.

Overpower

OVERPOW'ER, verb transitive To affect with a power or force that cannot be borne; as, the light overpowers the eyes.

2. To vanquish by force; to subdue; to reduce to silence in action or submission; to defeat.

Dryden. Watts.

Overpress

OVERPRESS', verb transitive To bear upon with irresistible force; to crush; to overwhelm.

Sidney. Swift.

2. To overcome by importunity.

Overprize

OVERPRI'ZE, verb transitive To value or prize at too high a rate.

Wotton.

Overprompt

OVERPROMPT', adjective Too prompt; too ready or eager.

Overpromptness

OVERPROMPT'NESS, noun Excessive promptness; precipitation.

Overproportion

OVERPROPO'RTION, verb transitive To make of too great proportion.

Overquietness

OVERQUI'ETNESS, noun Too much quietness.

Brown.

Overrake

OVERRA'KE, verb transitive To break in upon a ship. When the waves break in upon a ship riding at anchor, it is said, they overrake her, or she is overraked.

Mar. Dict.

Overrank

OVERRANK', adjective Too rank or luxuriant.

Mortimer.

Overrate

OVERRA'TE, verb transitive To rate at too much; to estimate at a value or amount beyond the truth.

Dryden.

Overreach

OVERRE'ACH, verb transitive To reach beyond in any direction; to rise above; to extend beyond.

Burnet.

2. To deceive by cunning, artifice or sagacity; to cheat.

Tillotson.

Overreach

OVERRE'ACH, verb intransitive Applied to horses, to strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the fore foot.

Overreach

OVERRE'ACH, noun The act of striking the heel of the fore foot with the toe of the hind foot.

Encyc.

Overreacher

OVERRE'ACHER, noun One that overreaches; one that deceives.

Overreaching

OVERRE'ACHING, noun The act of deceiving; a reaching too far.

Overread

OVERRE'AD, verb transitive To read over; to peruse. [Not used.]

Shak.

Overred

OVERRED', verb transitive To smear with a recolor. [Not used.]

Shak.

Override

OVERRI'DE, verb transitive To ride over. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

2. To ride too much; to ride beyond the strength of the horse.

Overrid

OVERRID', or OVERRID'DEN, participle passive Rid to excess.

Overripen

OVERRI'PEN, verb transitive To make too ripe.

Shak.

Overroast

OVERROAST, verb transitive To roast too much.

Shak.

Overrule

OVERRU'LE, verb transitive To influence or control by predominant power; to subject to superior authority. The law must overrule all private opinions of right and wrong.

His passion and animosity overruled his conscience.

Clarendon.

2. To govern with high authority.

Hayward.

3. In law, to supersede or reject; as, the plea was overruled by the court.

Overruler

OVERRU'LER, noun One who controls, directs or governs.

Sidney.

Overruling

OVERRU'LING, participle of the present tense Controlling; subjecting to authority.

2. adjective Exerting superior and controlling power; as an overruling Providence.

Overrun

OVERRUN', verb transitive To run or spread over; to grow over; to cover all over. The sluggard's farm is overrun with weeds.

Some plants unchecked will soon overrun a field. The Canada thistle is overrunning the northern parts of New England, as it has overrun Normandy.

2. To march or rove over; to harass by hostile incursions; to ravage. The south of Europe was formerly overrun by the Goths, Vandals and other barbarians.

3. To outrun; to run faster than another and leave him behind.

Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. 2 Samuel 18.

4. To overspread with numbers. Were it not for the ibis, it has been supposed Egypt would be overrun with crocodiles.

5. To injure by treading down.

6. Among printers, to change the disposition of types and carry those of one line into another, either in correction, or in the contraction or extension of columns.

Overrun

OVERRUN', verb intransitive To overflow; to run over.

Smith.

Overunner

OVERUN'NER, noun One that overruns.

Overrunning

OVERRUN'NING, participle of the present tense Spreading over; ravaging; changing the disposition of types.

Oversaturate

OVERSAT'URATE, verb transitive To saturate to excess.

Oversaturated

OVERSAT'URATED, participle passive More than saturated.

Oversaturating

OVERSAT'URATING, participle of the present tense Saturating to excess.

Overscrupulous

OVERSCRU'PULOUS, adjective Scrupulous to excess.

Mitford.

Oversea

OVERSEA, adjective Foreign; from beyond sea.

Wilson.

Oversee

OVERSEE', verb transitive To superintend; to overlook, implying care.

2. To pass unheeded; to omit; to neglect. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Overseen

OVERSEE'N, participle passive Superintended.

2. Mistaken; deceived. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Overseer

OVERSEE'R, noun One who overlooks; a superintendent; a supervisor.

2. An officer who has the care of the poor or of an idiot, &c.

Overset

OVERSET', verb transitive To turn from the proper position or basis; to turn upon the side. or to turn bottom upwards; as, to overset a coach, a ship or a building.

2. To subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset the constitution of a state; to overset a scheme of policy.

3. To throw off the proper foundation.

Dryden.

Overset

OVERSET', verb intransitive To turn or be turned over; to turn or fall off the basis or bottom. A crank vessel is liable to overset.

Overshade

OVERSHA'DE, verb transitive To cover with shade; to cover with any thing that causes darkness; to render dark or gloomy.

Bacon. Dryden.

Overshadow

OVERSHAD'OW, verb transitive To throw a shadow over; to overshade.

Milton.

2. To shelter; to protect; to cover with protecting influence.

Milton.

Overshadower

OVERSHAD'OWER, noun One that throws a shade over any thing.

Bacon.

Overshadowing

OVERSHAD'OWING, participle of the present tense Throwing a shade over; protecting.

Overshoot

OVERSHOOT', verb transitive To shoot beyond the mark.

Tillotson.

2. To pass swiftly over.

Harte.

To overshoot one's self, to venture too far; to assert too much.

Hooker.

Overshoot

OVERSHOOT', verb intransitive To fly beyond the mark.

Collier.

Overshot

OVERSHOT', participle passive Shot beyond.

Overshot

O'VERSHOT, adjective An overshot wheel is one that receives the water, shot over the top, on the descent. An overshot wheel is moved by less water than an undershot wheel.

Oversight

O'VERSIGHT, noun Superintendence; watchful care. 1 Peter 5.

2. Mistake; an overlooking; omission; error.

Pope.

Oversize

OVERSI'ZE, verb transitive To surpass in bulk or size. [Not much used.]

Sandys.

2. To cover with viscid matter.

Shak.

Overskip

OVERSKIP', verb transitive To skip or leap over; to pass by leaping.

Hooker.

2. To pass over.

Donne.

3. To escape.

Shak.

Oversleep

OVERSLEE'P, verb transitive To sleep too long; as, to oversleep the usual hour of rising.

Overslip

OVERSLIP', verb transitive To slip or pass without notice; to pass undone, unnoticed or unused; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity.

Hammond.

Overslow

OVERSLOW, verb transitive To render slow; to check; to curb. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Oversnow

OVERSNOW, verb transitive To cover with snow. [Not much used.]

Dryden.

Oversold

OVERSOLD, participle passive Sold at too high a price.

Dryden.

Oversoon

OVERSOON', adverb Too soon.

Sidney.

Oversorrow

OVERSOR'ROW, verb transitive To grieve or afflict to excess.

Milton.

Overspan

OVERSPAN', verb transitive To reach or extend over.

Overspeak

OVERSPE'AK, verb transitive To speak too much; to use too many words.

Hales.

Overspent

OVERSPENT', participle passive [See Spend.] Harassed or fatigued to an extreme degree.

Dryden.

Overspread

OVERSPREAD, v. t. overspred'. To spread over; to cover over. The deluge overspread the earth.

2. To scatter over.

Overspread

OVERSPREAD, v. i. overspred'. To be spread or scattered over; as, weeds overspread the ground.

Overstand

OVERSTAND', verb transitive To stand too much on price or conditions; to lose a sale by holding the price too high.

Dryden.

Overstare

OVERSTA'RE, verb transitive To stare wildly. [Not used.]

Ascham.

Overstep

OVERSTEP', verb transitive To step over or beyond; to exceed.

Shak.

Overstock

OVERSTOCK', noun Superabundance; more than is sufficient.

Tatler.

Overstock

OVERSTOCK', verb transitive To fill too full; to crowd; to supply with more than is wanted. The world may be overstocked with inhabitants. The market is often overstocked with goods.

2. To furnish with more cattle than are wanted; as, to overstock a farm.

3. To supply with more seed than is wanted; as, to overstock land with clover.

Overstore

OVERSTO'RE, verb transitive To store with too much; to supply or fill with superabundance.

Hale.

Overstrain

OVERSTRA'IN, verb intransitive To strain to excess; to make too violent efforts.

Dryden.

Overstrain

OVERSTRA'IN, verb transitive To stretch too far.

Ayliffe.

Overstrew

OVERSTREW', or OVERSTROW, verb transitive To spread or scatter over.

Shak.

Overstrike

OVERSTRI'KE, verb transitive To strike beyond.

Spenser.

Overstrown

OVERSTROWN, participle passive Spread or scattered over.

J. Barlow.

Oversupply

OVERSUPPLY', verb transitive To furnish more than is sufficient.

Melmoth.

Oversway

OVERSWA'Y, verb transitive To overrule; to bear down; to control.

Hooker.

Overswell

OVERSWELL', verb transitive To swell or rise above; to overflow.

Shak.

Overt

O'VERT, adjective [French ouvert, from ouvrir, to open, Italian aprire, Latin aperio.]

Open to view; public; apparent; as overt virtues; an overt essay. But the word is now used chiefly in law. Thus an overt act of treason is distinguished from secret design or intention not carried into effect, and even from words spoken. A market overt, is a place where goods are publicly exposed to sale. A pound overt, is one open overhead, as distinguished from a pound covert or close.

Blackstone.

Overtake

OVERTA'KE, verb transitive To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress or motion; to catch.

The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake. Exodus 15.

2. To come upon; to fall on afterwards. Vengeance shall overtake the wicked.

3. To take by surprise.

Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye who are spiritual, restore such one in the spirit of meekness. Galatians 6.

Overtask

OVERT'ASK, verb transitive To impose too heavy a task or injunction on.

Harvey.

Overtax

OVERTAX', verb transitive To tax too heavily.

Overthrow

OVERTHROW, verb transitive [See Throw.] To turn upside down.

His wife overthrew the table.

Taylor.

2. To throw down.

3. To ruin; to demolish.

When the walls of Thebes he overthrew.

Dryden.

4. To defeat; to conquer; to vanquish; as, to overthrow an army or an enemy.

5. To subvert; to destroy; as, to overthrow the constitution or state; to overthrow religion.

Overthrow

O'VERTHROW, noun The state of being overturned or turned off the basis.

2. Ruin; destruction; as the overthrow of the state.

3. Defeat; discomfiture; as the overthrow of enemies.

Dryden.

4. Degradation.

Shak.

Overthrower

OVERTHROWER, noun One that overthrows, defeats or destroys.

Overthwart

OVERTHWART', adjective Opposite; being over the way or street.

Shak.

2. Crossing at right angles.

3. Cross; perverse; adverse; contradictious.

Clarendon.

Overthwart

OVERTHWART', prep. Across; from side to side.

Overthwartly

OVERTHWART'LY, adverb Across; transversely.

Peacham.

2. Perversely.

Overthwartness

OVERTHWART'NESS, noun The state of being athwart or lying across.

2. Perverseness; pervicacity.

Johnson.

Overtire

OVERTI'RE, verb transitive To tire to excess; to subdue by fatigue.

Milton.

Overtitle

OVERTI'TLE, verb transitive To give too high a title to.

Fuller.

Overtly

O'VERTLY, adverb Openly; in open view; publicly.

Overtook

OVERTOOK', pret. of overtake.

Overtop

OVERTOP', verb transitive To rise above the top.

Shak.

2. To excel; to surpass.

Harvey.

3. To obscure; to make of less importance by superior excellence.

Swift.

Overtower

OVERTOW'ER, verb transitive To soar too high.

Fuller.

Overtrip

OVERTRIP', verb transitive To trip over; to walk nimbly over.

Shak.

Overtrust

OVERTRUST', verb transitive To trust with too much confidence.

Hall.

Overture

O'VERTURE, noun [French ouverture. See Overt.

1. Opening; disclosure; discovery. [In this literal sense, little used.]

Shak.

2. Proposal; something offered for consideration, acceptance or rejection. The prince made overtures of peace, which were accepted.

3. The opening piece, prelude or symphony of some public act, ceremony or entertainment. The overture in theatrical entertainments, is a piece of music usually ending in a fugue. The overture of a jubilee is a general procession, &c.

Encyc.

Overturn

OVERTURN', verb transitive To overset; to turn or throw from a basis or foundation; as, to overturn a carriage or a building.

2. To subvert; to ruin; to destroy.

Locke. Atterbury.

3. To overpower; to conquer.

Milton.

Overturn

O'VERTURN, noun State of being overturned or subverted; overthrow.

Overturnable

OVERTURN'ABLE, adjective That may be overturned. [Not much used].

Overturned

OVERTURN'ED, participle passive Overset; overthrown.

Overturner

OVERTURN'ER, noun One that overturns or subverts.

Swift.

Overturning

OVERTURN'ING, participle of the present tense Oversetting; overthorwing; subverting.

Overturning

OVERTURN'ING, noun An oversetting; subversion; change; revolution.

Overvalue

OVERVAL'UE, verb transitive To rate at too high a price.

Hooker.

Overvail

OVERVA'IL, or OVERVEIL, verb transitive To cover; to spread over.

Shak.

Overvote,

OVERVO'TE, verb transitive To outvote; to out-number in votes given.

K. Charles.

Overwatch

OVERWATCH', verb transitive To watch to excess; to subdue by long want of rest.

Dryden.

Overwatched

OVERWATCH'ED, a Tired by too much watching.

Sidney.

Overweak

OVERWE'AK, a Too weak; too feeble.

Raleigh.

Overweary

OVERWE'ARY verb transitive To subdue with fatigue.

Dryden.

Overweather

OVERWEATHER, verb transitive overweth'er [See Weather.] To bruise or batter by violence of weather.

Overween

OVERWEE'N, v.i. [ween is obsolete, except in composition. See the word].

1. To think too highly; to think arrogantly or conceitedly.

2. To reach beyond the truth in thought; to think too favorably.

Shak. Milton.

Overweening

OVERWEE'NING participle of the present tense Thinking too highly or conceitedly.

2. a. That thinks too highly, particularly of one's self; conceited; vain; as overweening pride; an overweening pride; an overweening brain.

Locke.

Overweeningly,

OVERWEE'NINGLY, adverb With too much vanity or conceit.

Overweigh

OVERWEIGH, verb transitive To exceed in weight; to cause to preponderate; to outweigh; to overbalance.

Hooker.

Overweight

OVERWEIGHT, noun Greater weight; preponderance.

Bacon.

Overwhelm

OVERWHELM', verb transitive To overspread or crush beneath something violent and weighty, that covers or encompasses the whole; as, to overwhelm with waves.

2. To immerse and bear down; in a figurative sense; as, to be overwhelmed with cares, afflictions or business.

3. To overlook gloomily.

Shak.

4. To put over. [Not used.]

Overwhelm

O'VERWHELM, noun The act of overwhelming.

Young.

Overwhelming

OVERWHELM'ING, participle of the present tense Crushing with weight or numbers.

Overwhelmingly

OVERWHELM'INGLY, adverb In a manner to overwhelm.

Overwing

OVERWING', verb transitive To outflank; to extend beyond the wing of an army.

Milton.

Overwise

OVERWI'SE, a.s. as z. Wise to affectation.

Ecclus.

Overwiseness

OVERWI'SENESS, noun Pretended or affected wisdom.

Raleigh.

Overword

OVERWORD', verb transitive To say too much.

Overwork

OVERWORK', verb transitive To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much; to tire.

South.

Overworn

OVERWORN, adjective Worn out; subdued by toil.

Dryden.

2. Spoiled by time.

Shak.

Overwrestle

OVERWRESTLE, v.t. overres'l. To subdue by wrestling.

Spenser.

Overwrought

OVERWROUGHT, pp. overraut'. Labored to excess.

Dryden.

2. Worked all over; as overwrought with ornaments.

Pope.

Overyeared

OVERYE'ARED, adjective Too old. [Not used.]

Fairfax.

Overzealed

OVERZE'ALED, adjective Too much excited with zeal; ruled by too much zeal.

Fuller.

Overzealous

OVERZEALOUS, a. overzel'ous. Too zealous; eager to excess.

Locke.

Ovicular

OVIC'ULAR, adjective [from Latin ovum, an egg.] Pertaining to an egg.

Bryant.

Oviduct

O'VIDUCT, noun [Latin ovum, an egg, and ductus, a duct.]

In animals, passage for the egg from the ovary to the womb, or a passage which conveys the egg from the ovary.

Hist. Roy. Soc.

Oviform

O'VIFORM, adjective [Latin ovum, egg, and forma, form.] Having the form or figure of an egg.

Burnet.

Ovine

O'VINE, adjective [Latin ovinus, from ovis, sheep.] Pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep.

Oviparous

OVIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin ovum, egg, and pario, to produce.]

Producing eggs, or producing young from eggs. Fowls and reptiles are oviparous animals.

Ovoid

O'VOID, adjective Latin ovum, egg, and Greek, form.] Having the shape of an egg.

Ovolo

O'VOLO, noun In architecture, a round molding, the quarter of a circle; called also the quarter round.

Encyc.

Owe

OWE, v. t. o [a regular verb, pret. and pp. owed; used with the auxiliary have, had, but not with the substantive verb to be. This verb is doubtless the Saxon agan Gothic aigan, Swedish ?ga, Icelandic eg, to have or possess, that is, to hold or retain, coinciding with the Greek nr. The Saxon participle agen Danish egen, is the English own. Ought is a derivative tense, and was formerly used in the sense of owed. The proper sense of owe, is to be held or bound to pay; nearly as we now use have in the phrases, "I have to pay a sum of money to-morrow," "I have to go town to-day"].

1. To be indebted; to be obliged or bound to pay. The merchants owe a large sum to foreigners.

A son owes help and honor to his father.

Holyday.

One was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents. Matthew 18.

Owe no man any thing, but to love one another. Romans 13.

2. To be obliged to ascribe to; to be obliged for; as, that he may owe to me all his deliverance.

Milton.

3. To possess; to have; to be the owner of. [This is the original sense, but now obsolete. In place of it, we use own, from the participle. See Own].

Thou dost here usurp

The name thou owest not.

Shak.

4. To be due or owing.

O deem thy fall not ow'd to man's decree.

Pope.

[This passive form is not now used.]

Owe

OWE, v.i. To be bound or obliged.

Bp. Fisher.

Owing

OWING, participle of the present tense [This is used in a passive form, contrary to analogy, for owen or owed. But the use is inveterately established.]

1. Due; that moral obligation requires to be paid; as the money owning to a laborer for services, or to another country for goods.

2. Consequential; ascribable to, as the cause. Misfortunes are often owing to vices or miscalculations.

3. Imputable to as an agent. His recovery from sickness is owing less to his physician, than to the strength of his constitution.

Owl

OWL, noun [Saxon ula, ule; Dutch uil; German eule; Swedish ugla or uggla; Latin ulula. The orthography, except in the Swedish, coincides with howl, Latin ululo; but the radical letters are not obvious.]

A fowl of the genus Strix, that flies chiefly in the night.

Owler

OWL'ER, n. [qu. from owl, or from wool.]

One that conveys contraband goods.

Swift.

Owlet

OWL'ET, n. [French hulotte.] An owl, which see.

Owling

OWL'ING, noun The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England, contrary to the statute.

Blackstone.

[This explanation of owling favors the derivation of the word from wool.]

Owl-Light

OWL'-LIGHT, noun Glimmering or imperfect light.

Warburton.

Owl-Like

OWL'-LIKE, adjective Like an owl in look and habits.

Donne.

Own

OWN, adjective [Saxon agen; Swedish Danish egen; Dutch German eigen; the participle of Saxon agan, to possess. See Owe and Ought.]

1. Belonging to; possessed; peculiar; usually expressing property with emphasis, or in express exclusion of others. It follows my, your, his, their, thy, her. God created man in his own image. Adam begat a son in his own likeness. Let them fall by their own counsel. He washed us from our sins in his own blood. Scripture.

In the phrases, his own nation, his own country, the word own denotes that the person belongs to the nation or country.

2. Own often follows a verb; as, the book is not my own book.

3. It is used as a substitute.

That they may dwell in a place of their own.

2 Samuel 7.

In this use, a noun cannot follow own.

4. "He came to his own and his own received him not", that is, his own nation or people; own being here used as a substitute, like many other adjectives.

Own

OWN, v.t [from the adjective.] To have the legal or rightful title to; to have the exclusive rightful of possession and use. A freeholder in the United States owns his farm. Men often own land or goods which are not in their possession.

2. To have the legal right to, without the exclusive right to use; as, a man owns the land in front of his farm to the middle of the highway.

3. To acknowledge to belong to; to avow or admit that the property belongs to.

When you come, find me out

And own me for your son.

Dryden.

4. To avow; to confess, as a fault, crime or other act; that is, to acknowledge that one has done the act; as, to own the faults of youth; to own our guilt. The man is charged with theft, but he has not owned it.

5. In general, to acknowledge; to confess; to avow; to admit to be true; not to deny; as, to own our weakness and frailty.

Many own the gospel of salvation more from custom than conviction.

J. M. Mason.

Owned

OWNED, participle passive The legal title being vested in; as, the property is owned by a company.

2. Acknowledged; avowed; confessed.

Owner

OWNER, participle passive The rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not.

The ox knoweth hids owner Isaiah 1.

The centurion believed the master and owner of the ship. Acts 27

Ownership

OWNERSHIP, noun Property; exclusive right of possession; legal or just claim or title. The ownership of the estate is in A; the possession is in B.

Owning

OWNING, participle of the present tense Having the legal or just title to.

2. Acknowledging; avowing; confessing.

Owre

OWRE, noun [Latin urus.] A beast. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Owse

OWSE, noun Bark of oak beaten or ground to small pieces.

Ash.

Owser

OW'SER, noun Bark and water mixed in a tan-pit.

Ash.

Ox

OX, noun oxen. pron ox'n. [Saxon oxa, German ochs, ochse; Dutch os; Swedish Danish oxe; Swedish Danish oxe; Sanscrit uksha; Armen. os.]

The male of the bovine genus of quadrupeds, castrated and grown to his size or nearly so. The young male is called in America a steer. The same animal not castrated is called a bull. These distinctions are well established with us in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When we speak of wild animals of this kind, ox is sometimes applied both to the male and female, and in zoology, the same practice exists in regard to the domestic animals. So in common usage, a pair of bulls yoked may be sometimes called oxen.

We never apply the name ox to the cow or female of the domestic kind. Oxen in the plural may comprehend both the male and female.

Oxalate

OX'ALATE, noun [See Oxalic.] In chimistry, a salt formed by a combination of the oxalic acid with a base.

Oxalic

OXAL'IC, adjective [Greek nr, sorrel, from nr, acid.]

Pertaining to sorrel. The oxalic acid is the acid of sorrel.

Oxbane

OX'BANE, noun A plant, buphonos

Ainsworth.

Ox-Eye

OX'-EYE, noun [ox and eye.] A plant of the genus Buphthalmum; another of the genus Anthemis; also, the ox-eye daisy or Chrysanthemum.

Fam. of Plants.

Oxeyyed

OX'EYYED, adjective Having large full eyes, like those of an ox.

Burton.

Oxfly

OX'FLY, noun A fly hatched under the skin of cattle.

Oxgang

OX'GANG, ox and gang, going.] In ancient laws, as much land as an ox can plow in a year; said to be fifteen acres, or as others alledge, twenty acres.

Oxheal

OX'HEAL, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Oxiodic

OXIOD'IC, adjective Pertaining to or consisting of the compound of oxygen and iodine.

Webster's Manual.

Oxlike

OX'LIKE, adjective [ox and like.] Resembling an ox.

Sandys.

Oxlip

OX'LIP, noun A plant, the cowslip.

Oxstall

OX'STALL, noun A stall or stand for oxen.

Oxtongue

OXTONGUE, noun ox'tung. A plant of the genus Picris.

Oxycrate

OX'YCRATE, noun [Greek nr, acid, and nr, to mix.]

A mixture of water and vinegar. [Little used.]

Wiseman.

Oxyd

OX'YD, noun [Greek nr, acid, sharp; nr, vinegar. The true orthography of this word is oxyd, as originally written by Lavoisier and his associates. No analogy in the language is better established than the uniform translation of the Greek v into the English y, as in Latin, and it is very absurd to preserve this analogy in oxygen, orymuriate and hydrogen, and depart from it in oxyd.]

In chimistry, a substance formed by the combination of a portion of oxygen with some base; or a substance combined with oxygen, without being in the state of an acid.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure.

Oxydability

OXYDABIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being converted into an oxyd.

Med. Repos.

Oxydable

OX'YDABLE, adjective Capable of being converted into an oxyd.

Oxydate

OX'YDATE, verb transitive To convert into an oxyd, as metals and other substances, by combination with oxygen. It differs from acidify, to make acid, or to convert into an acid, as in oxydation the acid that enters into combination is not sufficient to form an acid.

Oxydated

OX'YDATED, participle passive Converted into and oxyd.

Oxydating

OX'YDATING, participle of the present tense Converting into an oxyd.

Oxydation

OXYDA'TION, noun The operation or process of converting into an oxyd, as metals or other substances, by combining with them a certain portion of oxygen.

Lavoisier. Ure.

Oxydize

OX'YDIZE, verb transitive To oxydate, which see.

Oxydized

OX'YDIZED, participle passive Oxydated.

Oxydizement

OX'YDIZEMENT, noun Oxydation.

Oxydizing

OX'YDIZING, participle of the present tense Oxydating.

[Oxydize and its derivatives are now more generally used than oxydate, though there seems to be no ground for the preference.]

Oxygen

OX'YGEN, noun [Greek nr, acid, and nr, to generate.]

In chimistry, oxygen or oxygen gas is an element or substance so named from its property of generating acids; it is the respirable part of air, vital air, or the basis of it; it is called the acidifying principle, and the principle or support of combustion. Modern experiments, however, prove that it is not necessary in all cases to combustion or to acidity. Oxygen is a permanently elastic fluid, invisible, inodorous, and a little heavier than atmospheric air. In union with azote or nitrogen, it forms atmospheric air, of which it constitutes about a fifth part. Water contains about 85 per cent. of it, and it exists in most vegetable and animal products, acids, salts and oxyds. It forms 50 per cent. of silex, 47 of alumin, 28 of lime, 40 of magnesia, 17 of potash, and 25 of soda.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cyc. Ure. Phillips.

Oxygenate

OX'YGENATE, verb transitive To unite or cause to combine with oxygen, without the evolution of heat or light; to acidify by oxygen.

Oxygenated

OX'YGENATED, participle passive United with oxygen.

Oxygenating

OX'YGENATING, participle of the present tense Uniting with oxygen.

Oxygenation

OXYGENATION, noun The act, operation or process of combining with oxygen.

Oxygenizable

OX'YGENIZABLE, adjective Capable of being oxygenized.

Oxygenize

OX'YGENIZE, verb transitive To oxygenate, which see.

Oxygenized

OX'YGENIZED, participle passive Oxygenated.

Oxygenizement

OX'YGENIZEMENT, noun Oxygenation.

Oxygenizing

OX'YGENIZING, participle of the present tense Oxygenating.

Oxygenous

OXYGENOUS, adjective Pertaining to oxygen, or obtained from it.

Oxygon

OX'YGON, noun [Greek nr, sharp, and nr, an angle.]

A triangle having three acute angles.

Dict.

Oxy-Iodine

OXY-I'ODINE, noun In chimistry, a compound of the chloriodic and oxiodic acids.

Davy.

Oxymel

OX'YMEL, noun [Greek nr, acid, and nr, honey.]

A mixture of vinegar and honey.

Arbuthnot.

Oxymoron

OXYMO'RON, noun [Greek nr, a smart saying which at first view appears foolish.]

A rhetorical figure, in which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added to a word; as cruel kindness.

Oxyprussic acid, chloroprussic acid.

Oxyrrhodine

OXYR'RHODINE, noun [compounded of Greek nr, acid, and nr, rose.]

A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses.

Floyer.

Oxytone

OX'YTONE, adjective [Greek nr, sharp, and nr, tone.]

Having an acute sound.

Walker.

Oxytone

OX'YTONE, noun An acute sound.

Oyer

OY'ER, noun [Norm. oyer, hearing; French ouir, to hear.]

In law, a hearing or trial of causes. A court of oyer and terminer is constituted by a commission to inquire, hear and determine all treasons, felonies and misdemeanors.

Blackstone.

2. The hearing, as of a writ, bond, note or other specialty; as when a defendant in court prays oyer of a writing.

Blackstone.

Oyes

OYES, [French oyez, hear ye.] This word is used by the sheriff or his substitute in making proclamation in court, requiring silence and attention. It is thrice repeated, and most absurdly pronounced, O yes.

Oylet-Hole

OYLET-HOLE, [See Eyelet-hole.]

Oyster

OYS'TER, noun [German auster; Dutch oester; Swedish ostra; Danish oster; French huitre; Armoric histrenn or eistren; Russian ystritz; Cornish estren; Latin ostrea; Greek; probably connected in origin with nr, bone, and named from its hardness.]

A bivalvular testaceous animal, found adher- ing to rocks or other fixed substances in salt water which is shallow, or in the mouths of rivers. Oysters are deemed nourishing and delicious food.

Oyster-Shell

OYS'TER-SHELL, noun The hard covering or shell of the oyster.

Oyster-Wench

OYS'TER-WENCH, OYS'TER-WIFE, OYS'TER-WOMAN, noun A woman whose occupation is to sell oysters; a low woman.

Shak.

P

P

P is the sixteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a labial articulation formed by a close compression of the anterior part of the lips, as in ep. It is convertible into b and f, sometimes into v, and in Greek, into. This letter is found in the oriental languages, from which it was received into the Greek and Latin; except however the Arabic, which has not this letter, and the Arabians cannot easily pronounce it. In some words which we have borrowed from the Greek, p is mute, as in psalm, ptisan; but is not silent in English words, unless it may be in receipt, and a few irregular words. P aspirated or followed by h represents the Greek, which answers to the English f, as in philosophy.

As an abbreviation, P. stands for Publius, pondo &c.; P. A. DIG. for patricia dignitas; P. C. for patricia dignitas; P. C. for Patres Conscripti; P.F. for Publius Fabius; P. P. for propositum publice; P. R. for propositum publice; P. R. for populus Romanus; P. R. S. for prnrtoris sententia; P. R. S. P. for pnrses provincinr.

P. M. stands for post meridiem, afternoon.

As a numeral, P, like G, stands for one hundred, and with a dash over it, P, for four hundred thousand.

Among physicians, P. stands for pugil, or the eighth part of a handful; P.nr. for partes nrquales, equal parts of the ingredients; P. P. for pulvis patrum, or the Jesuits' bark in powder; and ppt. for prnrparatus, prepared.

Encyc.

Paage

PA'AGE, noun [Norm. paage, payment. See pay.

A toll for passage over another person's grounds. [Not used.]

Burke.

Pabular

PABU'LAR, adjective [Latin pabulum, food.] Pertaining to food; affording food or aliment.

Pabulation

PABULA'TION, noun [Latin pabulatio, from pabulor, to feed].

The act of feeding or procuring provender.

Cockeram.

Pabulous

PAB'ULOUS, adjective [Latin pabulum, food]. Affording aliment or food; alimental.

Brown.

Pabulum

PAB'ULUM, noun [Latin] Food; aliment; that which feeds.

2. Fuel; that which supplies the means of combustion.

Encyc.

Paca

PA'CA, noun A small animal of America, bearing some resemblance to a hare and a pig. It is a species of cavy; called also the spotted cavy.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Ed. Encyc.

Pacate

PA'CATE, adjective [Latin pacatus]. Peaceful; tranquil. [Not used.]

Pacated

PA'CATED, adjective Appeased. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Pacation

PACATION, noun [Latin paco, to calm or appease.] The act of appeasing.

Paccan

PACCAN', noun An American tree and its nut.

Pace

PACE, noun [French pas; Italian passo; Spanish paso; Latin passus; from pando, to open, or Greek nr, to tread. See Pass.]

1. A step.

2. The space between the two feet in walking, estimated at two feet and a half. But the geometrical pace is five feet, or the whole space passed over by the same foot from one step to another. Sixty thousand such paces make one degree on the equator.

Encyc.

3. Manner of walking; gait; as a languishing pace; a heavy pace; a quick or slow pace.

Addision.

4. Step; gradation in business. [Little used.

Temple.

5. A mode of stepping among horses, in which the legs on the same side are lifted together. In a general sense, the word may be applied to any other mode of stepping.

6. Degree of celerity. Let him mend his pace.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,

Creeps in this petty pace from day to day-

Shak.

To keep or hold pace, to keep up; to go or move as fast as something else.

Pace

PACE, v.i. To go; to walk; to move.

Spenser. Shak.

2. To go, move or walk slowly.

3. To move by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse.

Pace

PACE, verb transitive To measure by steps; as, to pace a piece of ground.

2. To regulate in motion.

If you can, pace your wisdom

In that good path that I would wish it goÃ‚--

Shak.

Paced

PA'CED, adjective Having a particular gait; used chiefly in composition; as slow-paced.

2. In composition, going all lengths; as a thorough-paced intriguer.

Pacer

PA'CER, noun One that paces; a horse that paces.

Pachydermatous

PACHYDERM'ATOUS, adjective [Greek nr, thick, and nr, skin.]

Having a thick skin; an epithet applied to an order of animals, called Pachydermata, embracing all the hoofed quadrupeds which do not ruminate, as the elephant, mastodon or N. American mammoth, hippopotamus, sus or hog, rhinoceros, tapir, and horse.

Cuvier.

The horse constitutes a separate order, (Solipeda.)

Ed. Encyc.

Pacific

PACIF'IC, adjective [Latin pacificus, from pacifico, to make peace. See Peace.]

1. Peace-making; conciliatory; suited to make or restore peace; adapted to reconcile differences; mild; appeasing; as, to offer pacific propositions to a belligerent power. The measures proposed are in their nature pacific.

2. Calm; tranquil; as a pacific state of things.

Pacific

PACIF'IC, noun The appellation given to the ocean situated between America on the west, and Asia; so called on account of its exemption from violent tempests.

Pacification

PACIFICA'TION, noun [Latin pacificatio. See Pacify.]

1. The act of making peace between nations or parties at variance.

Bacon. South.

2. The act of appeasing or pacifying wrath.

Hooker.

Pacificator

PACIFICA'TOR, noun [Latin] A peace-maker; one that restores amity between contending parties or nations.

Bacon.

Pacificatory

PACIF'ICATORY, noun Tending to make peace; conciliatory.

Barrow.

Pacified

PAC'IFIED, participle passive Appeased; tranquilized.

Pacifier

PAC'IFIER, noun One who pacifies.

Pacify

PAC'IFY, verb transitive [French pacifier; Spanish pacificar; Italian pacificare; Latin pacifico; pax, pacis, peace and facio, to make.]

1. To appease, as wrath or other violent passion or appetite; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay agitation or excitement; as, to pacify a man when angry, or to pacify his wrath or rage; the word being applied both to the person and to the passion. So we say, to pacify hunger, to pacify importunate demands.

2. To restore peace to; to tranquilize; as, to pacify countries in contention.

Bacon.

Pacifying

PAC'IFYING, participle of the present tense Appeasing; tranquilizing.

Pack

PACK, noun [Dutch pak; German Swedish pack. See the Verb.]

1. A bundle of any thing inclosed in a cover or bound fast with cords; a bale; as a pack of goods or cloth. The soldier bears a pack on his back.

2. A burden or load; as a pack of sorrows.

Shak.

3. A number of cards, or the number used in games; so called from being inclosed together.

Addison.

4. A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together, that is, a crowd or assemblage united.

Dryden.

5. A number of persons united in a bad design or practice; as a pack of thieves or knaves.

Swift.

6. A great number crowded together; as a pack of troubles. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

7. A loose or lewd person. [Saxon pnrcan, to deceive.] [Not used.]

Skelton.

Pack

PACK, verb transitive [Dutch pakken; German packen; Swedish packa; Latin pango, pactum, pactus; impingo, compingo; Greek nr, nr, nr; Danish pagt, a covenant, a farm; hence dispatch, to send away. The sense is to send, to drive, whence to press, to make compact. Hence we say, to pack off, Swedish packa. that is, to depart with speed; Arabic bakka, to be compressed, to press, Chaldee Class Bg. No. 18. See also No. 33. 66. 32.]

1. To place and press together; to place in close order; as, to pack goods in a box or chest.

2. To put together and bind fast; as, to pack any thing for carriage with cords or straps.

3. To put in close order with salt intermixed; as, to pack meat or fish in barrels.

4. To send in haste.

Shak.

5. To put together, as cards, in such a manner as to secure the game; to put together in sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards; hence, to unite persons iniquitously, with a view to some private interest; as, to pack a jury, that is, to select persons for a jury who may favor a party; to pack a parliament; to pack an assembly of bishops.

Pope. Butler. Atterbury.

Pack

PACK, v.i. To be pressed or close; as, the goods pack well.

2. To close; to shut.

Cleaveland.

3. To depart in haste; with off.

Poor Stella must pack off to town.

Swift.

4. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion.

Go pack with him.

Shak.

Package

PACK'AGE, noun A bundle or bale; a quantity pressed or bound together; as a package of cloth.

2. A charge made for packing goods.

Packcloth

PACK'CLOTH, noun A cloth for packing goods, or in which they are tied.

Packed

PACK'ED, participle passive Put together and pressed; tied or bound in a bundle; put down and salted, as meat; sent off; united iniquitously.

Packer

PACK'ER, noun One that packs; an officer appointed to pack meat, as beef, pork, fish, &c.

Stat. of Conn.

Packet

PACK'ET, noun [French paquet; Spanish Portugese paquete; from pack.]

1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as a packet of letters.

Bacon.

2. A dispatch-vessel; a ship or other vessel employed by government to convey letters from country to country or from port to port. [Originally packet-boat, Spanish paquebote, French paquebot.

3. A vessel employed in conveying dispatch- es and passengers from place to place, or to carry passengers and goods coastwise.

U. States.

Packet

PACK'ET, v.i. To ply with a packet or dispatch-vessel.

U. States.

Packet-Boat

PACKET-BOAT. [See Packet.]

Packet-Ship

PACK'ET-SHIP, noun A ship that sails regularly between distant countries for the conveyance of dispatches, letters, passengers, &c.

Packhorse

PACK'HORSE, noun A horse employed in carrying packs or goods and baggage.

Locke.

2. A beast of burden.

Packing

PACK'ING, participle of the present tense Laying together in close order; binding in a bundle; putting in barrels with salt, &c.; uniting, as men for a fraudulent purpose.

Packing

PACK'ING, noun A trick; collusion. Bale.

Packsaddle

PACK'SADDLE, noun A saddle on which packs or burdens are laid for conveyance.

Packstaff

PACK'STAFF, noun A staff on which a traveler occasionally supports his pack.

Bp. Hall.

Packthread

PACK'THREAD, noun Strong thread or twine used in tying up parcels.

Pack-Wax

PACK'-WAX, noun A tendinous substance of the neck of an animal.

Ray.

Paco

PA'CO, PA'COS, noun An animal of South America, resembling the camel in shape, but much smaller. It is sometimes called the Peruvian Sheep, on account of its long thick hair.

Encyc.

Pact

PACT, noun [French; Latin pactum, from pango. See Pack.]

A contract; an agreement or covenant.

Bacon.

Paction

PACTION, noun [Latin pactio. See pack. An agreement or contract.

Hayward.

Pactional

PACTIONAL, adjective By way of agreement.

Sanderson.

Pactitious

PACTI'TIOUS, adjective Settled by agreement or stipulation.

Pad

PAD, noun [Saxon paad, for path. See Path.]

1. A foot path; a road. [Not now used.]

Prior.

2. An easy paced horse.

Addison. Pope.

3. A robber that infests the road on foot; usually called a foot-pad.

Pad

PAD, noun A soft saddle, cushion or bolster stuffed with straw, hair or other soft substance.

Camden.

Pad

PAD, v.i. [Greek nr. See Path.] To travel slowly.

2. To rob on foot.

3. To beat a way smooth and level.

Padar

PAD'AR, noun Grouts; coarse flour or meal. [Not used in U. States.]

Wotton.

Padder

PAD'DER, noun A robber on foot; a highwayman.

Dryden.

Paddle

PAD'DLE, v.i. [The French patrouiller signifies to paw, to paddle, and hence the English patrol. This word seems to be from patte, a paw, allied perhaps to Latin pes, pedis, the foot, and this is allied to the Greek nr, to tread. To paddle, then, is to use the paw. But perhaps it is from the noun, which see.]

1. To row; to beat the water, as with oars.

Gay.

2. To play in the water with the hands, as children; or with the feet, as fowls or other animals.

3. To finger.

Shak.

Paddle

PAD'DLE, verb transitive To propel by an oar or paddle.

Paddle

PAD'DLE, noun [In Latin batillus is a paddle-staff; in Greek nr. is a pole; in Welsh padell is a pan. The latter would express the broad part of an oar; but it may have no connection with paddle.]

1. An oar, but not a large oar. It is now applied to a sort of short oar used in propelling and steering canoes and boats.

2. The blade or the broad part of an oar or weapon.

Thou shalt have a paddle on thy weapon. Deuteronomy 23.

Paddler

PAD'DLER, noun One that paddles.

Paddle-Staff

PAD'DLE-STAFF, noun A staff headed with broad iron.

Hall.

Paddock

PAD'DOCK, noun [Saxon pada or pad; Dutch pad, padder.] A toad or frog.

Walton. Dryden.

Paddock

PAD'DOCK, noun [said to be corrupted from Saxon parruc, park.]

1. A small inclosure for deer or other animals.

Johnson.

2. An inclosure for races with hounds, &c.

Encyc.

Paddock-Pipe

PAD'DOCK-PIPE, noun A plant of the genus Equisetum.

Paddock-Stool

PAD'DOCK-STOOL, noun A plant of the genus Agaricus; a mushroom, vulgarly toadstool.

Padelion

PADELI'ON, noun [French pas de lion, lion's foot.] A plant.

Ainsworth.

Padlock

PAD'LOCK, noun [qu. Dutch Padde, a toad, from its shape.]

A lock to be hung on a staple and held by a link.

Prior.

Padlock

PAD'LOCK, verb transitive To fasten with a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine.

Bull. Milton.

Padnag

PAD'NAG, noun An ambling nag. Dr. Pope.

Padow-Pipe

PAD'OW-PIPE, noun A plant. [See Paddock-pipe.]

Paduasoy

PADUASOY', noun [from padua, in Italy, and French soie, silk.] A particular kind of silk stuff.

Paean

PAE'AN, or PE'AN, noun Among the ancients, a song of rejoicing in honor of Apollo; hence, a song of triumph.

Pope.

2. In ancient poetry, a foot of four syllables; written also pnron. Of this there are four kinds; the first consisting of one long and three short syllables, or a trochee and a phrrhic, as temporibus; the second of a short syllable, a long and two short, or an iambus and a pyrrhic, as potentia; the third of two short syllables, a long and a short one, or a pyrrhic, and a trochee, as animatus; the fourth of three short syllables and a long one, or a pyrrhic and iambus, as celeritas.

Encyc.

Pagan

PA'GAN, noun [Latin paganus, a peasant or countryman, from pagus, a village.]

A heathen; a Gentile; an idolater; one who worships false gods. This word was originally applied to the inhabitants of the country, who on the first propagation of the christian religion adhered to the worship of false gods, or refused to receive christianity, after it had been received by the inhabitants of the cities. In like manner, heathen signifies an inhabitant of the heath or woods, and caffer, in Arabic, signifies the inhabitant of a hut or cottage, and one that does not receive the religion of Mohammed. Pagan is used to distinguish one from a Christian and a Mohammedan.

Pagan

PA'GAN, adjective Heathen; heathenish; Gentile; noting a person who worships false gods.

2. Pertaining to the worship of false gods.

Paganish

PA'GANISH, adjective [Saxon paganisc.] Heathenish; pertaining to pagans.

King.

Paganism

PA'GANISM, noun [French paganisme; Italian paganesimo.]

Heathenism; the worship of false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans.

Addison. Hooker.

Men instructed from their infancy in the principles and duties of christianity, never sink to the degradation of paganism.

German Spring.

Paganize

PA'GANIZE, verb transitive To render heathenish; to convert to heathenism. Chaldee Obs.

Paganize

PA'GANIZE, verb intransitive To behave like pagans.

Milton.

Paganized

PA'GANIZED, participle passive Rendered heathenish.

Paganizing

PA'GANIZING, participle of the present tense Rendering heathenish; behaving like pagans; adopting heathen principles and practice.

Page

PAGE, noun [French Spanish page; Italian paggio; Portugese pagem; Armoric paich; Swedish poike; Danish pog; Russian paj, a boy, a page. The Greek, a boy, is undoubtedly a contracted form of the same word; for, from, forms,; hence it may be inferred that was originally. The boy is a contraction of this word; Welsh, a boy, a child, from baÃƒ-§, small; Pers. faige, a footman or lackey.]

1. A boy attending on a great person, rather for formality or show, than for servitude.

He had two pages of honor, on either hand one.

Bacon.

2. A boy or man that attends on a legislative body. In Massachusetts, the page is a boy that conveys papers from the members of the house of representatives to the speaker, and from the speaker or clerk to the members.

Page

PAGE, noun [Latin pagina; French page.] One side of a leaf of a book.

Watts.

2. A book or writing or writings; as the page of history.

3. Pages, in the plural, signifies also books or writings; as the sacred pages.

Page

PAGE, verb transitive To mark or number the pages of a book or manuscript.

2. To attend, as a page.

Shak.

Pageant

PAGEANT, n. pa'jent. [Latin pegma; Greek, something showy carried in triumph.]

1. A statue in show, or a triumphal car, chariot, arch or other pompous thing, decorated with flags, &c. and carried in public shows and processions.

Cyc.

2. A show; a spectacle of entertainment; something intended for pomp.

I'll play my part in fortune's pageant.

Shak.

3. Any thing showy, without stability or duration.

Thus unlamented pass the proud away,

The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day.

Pope.

Pageant

PA'GEANT, adjective Showy; pompous; ostentatious.

Dryden.

Pageant

PA'GEANT, verb transitive To exhibit in show; to represent.

Shak.

Pageantry

PA'GEANTRY, noun Show; pompous exhibition or spectacle.

Such pageantry be to the people shown.

Dryden.

Paginal

PAGINAL, adjective Consisting of pages.

Brown.

Pagod

PA'GOD, or PAGO'DA, noun [Pers. pout ghod, or boot khoda, a house of idols, or abode of God; Hind. boot kuda. Thomson. Fryer.]

1. A temple in the East Indies in which idols are worshiped.

Pope.

2. An idol; an image of some supposed deity.

Stilling fleet.

Pagoda

PAGO'DA, noun A gold or silver coin current in Hindoostan, of different values in different parts of India, from $1 75 cts. to $2, or from 8 to 9s. sterling.

Pagodite

PA'GODITE, noun A name given to the mineral of which the Chinese make their pagodas. It is called also lardite, koreite, and agalmatolite.

Paid

PAID, preterit tense and participle passive of pay; paid for payed.

Paigle

PA'IGLE, or PA'GIL, noun A plant and flower of the genus Primula or primrose; cowslip-primrose. Fam. of Plants.

Pail

PAIL, noun [Welsh paeol; Greek.] An open wooden vessel used in families for carrying liquids, as water and milk, usually containing from eight to twelve quarts.

Pail-Full

PA'IL-FULL, noun The quantity that a pail will hold.

Pailmail

PAILMAIL. [See Pallmall.]

Pain

PAIN, noun [Welsh poen; Cornish Armoric poan; Irish pian; French peine; Norm. pene, peine; Dutch pyn; Saxon pin or pine; German pein; Dan; pine; Swedish pina; Italian Spanish Portugese pena; Latin poena; Greek, penalty, and, pain, labor; Sanscrit pana; Arabic fanna, to drive, afflict, distress. Class Bn. No. 22. 23. 26. See the Verb.]

1. An uneasy sensation in animal bodies, of any degree from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from pressure, tension or spasm, separation of parts by violence, or any derangement of functions. Thus violent pressure or stretching of a limb gives pain; inflammation produces pain; wounds, bruises and incisions give pain.

2. Labor; work; toil; laborious effort. In this sense, the plural only is used; as, to take pains; to be at the pains.

High without taking pains to rise.

Waller.

The same with pains we gain, but lose with ease.

Pope.

3. Labor; toilsome effort; task; in the singular. [Not now used.]

Spenser. Waller.

4. Uneasiness of mind; disquietude; anxiety; solicitude for the future; grief, sorrow for the past. We suffer pain when we fear or expect evil; we feel pain at the loss of friends or property.

5. The throws or distress of travail or childbirth.

She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1 Samuel 4.

6. Penalty; punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for a crime, or annexed to the commission of a crime.

None shall presume to fly under pain of death.

Addison.

Interpose, on pain of my displeasure, Betwixt their swords.

Dryden.

Pain

PAIN, verb transitive [Welsh poeni; Norm. painer; French peiner; Spanish penar; Italian penare; Dutch pynen; Danish piner; Swedish pina; Saxon pinan; Greek. The primary sense is to strain, urge, press. See the Noun.]

1. To make uneasy or to disquiet; to cause uneasy sensations in the body, of any degree of intensity; to make simply uneasy, or to distress, to torment. The pressure of fetters may pain a limb; the rack pains the body.

2. To afflict; to render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress. We are pained at the death of a friend; grief pains the heart; we are often pained with fear or solicitude.

I am pained at my very heart. Jeremiah 4.

3. Reciprocally, to pain one's self, to labor; to make toilsome efforts. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Painful

PA'INFUL, adjective Giving pain, uneasiness or distress to the body; as a painful operation in surgery.

2. Giving pain to the mind; afflictive; disquieting; distressing.

Evils have been more painful to us in the prospect, than in the actual pressure.

Addison.

3. Full of pain; producing misery or affliction.

Milton.

4. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a painful service. The army had a painful march.

5. Laborious; exercising labor; undergoing toil; industrious.

Nor must the painful husbandman be tired.

Dryden.

Painfully

PA'INFULLY, adverb With suffering of body; with affliction, uneasiness or distress of mind.

2. Laboriously; with toil; with laborious effort or diligence.

Raleigh.

Painfulness

PA'INFULNESS, noun Uneasiness or distress of body.

South.

2. Affliction; sorrow; grief; disquietude or distress of mind.

3. Laborious effort or diligence; toil.

Hooker.

Painim

PA'INIM, noun [Norm. paynim; French paÃƒ-¯en; contracted from pagan.] A pagan. [Not used.]

Peacham.

Painim

PA'INIM, adjective Pagan; infidel. [Not used.]

Milton.

Painless

PA'INLESS, adjective Free from pain.

Fell.

2. Free from trouble.

Dryden.

Painstaker

PA'INSTAKER, noun A laborious person.

Gay.

Painstaking

PA'INSTAKING, adjective Laborious; industrious.

Harris.

Painstaking

PA'INSTAKING, noun Labor; great industry.

Paint

PA'INT, verb transitive [French peindre, peignant, peint; Latin pingo, pictus; Spanish pintar; Italian pignere or pingere, to throw, to push, to paint. The elements are probably Pg or Pk, as in fingo, fictus.]

1. To form a figure or likeness in colors; as, to paint a hero or a landscape.

2. To cover or besmear with color or colors, either with or without figures; as, to paint a cloth; to paint a house.

3. To represent by colors or images; to exhibit in form.

When folly grows romantic, we must paint it.

Pope.

4. To represent or exhibit to the mind; to present in form or likeness to the intellectual view; to describe.

Disloyal!

Ã‚--The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.

Shak.

5. To color; to diversify with colors.

Spenser.

6. To lay on artificial color for ornament.

Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings 9.

Paint

PAINT, verb intransitive To lay colors on the face. It is said the ladies in France paint.

2. To practice painting. The artist paints well.

Paint

PAINT, noun A Coloring substance; a substance used in painting, either simple or compound; as a white paint, or red paint.

2. Color laid on canvas or other material; color representing any thing.

Pope. Addison.

3. Color laid on the face; rouge.

Young.

Painted

PA'INTED, participle passive Colored; rubbed over with paint; as a painted house or cloth.

2. Represented in form by colors.

3. Described.

Painter

PA'INTER, noun One whose occupation is to paint; one skilled in representing things in colors.

Painter

PA'INTER, noun [qu. Irish painter, a snare, that which holds.]

A rope used to fasten a boat to a ship or other object.

Mar. Dict.

Painting

PA'INTING, participle of the present tense Representing in colors; laying on colors.

Painting

PA'INTING, noun The art of forming figures or resembling objects in colors on canvas or other material, or the art of representing to the eye by means of figures and colors, any object of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the mind.

Encyc.

2. A picture; a likeness or resemblance in colors.

Shak.

3. Colors laid on.

Shak.

Painture

PA'INTURE, noun [French peinture.] The art of painting.

Dryden.

Pair

PAIR, noun [French pair; Latin Spanish Portugese par; Italian pari; Armoric par; Dutch paar; German par, paar; Swedish par; Norm. par or peir; Irish peire; Saxon gefera, with a prefix. In Welsh par signifies what is contiguous or in continuity, a state of readiness or preparedness, a pair, fellow, match or couple, and para signifies to endure, to continue, to persevere; paru, to couple or join. In this language, as in Spanish, par, pair, is shown to be connected with the Latin paro, to prepare. Now in Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic signifies to join, couple or associate, and the noun, an associate, evidently this very word, which goes far to prove that is a derivative of the root, from which the Latins probably have paro. See Class Br. No. 19. The primary sense of the root is to throw, strain and extend, and hence par, equal, is extended to, near, contiguous, or equally extended.]

1. Two things of a kind, similar in form, applied to the same purpose, and suited to each other or used together; as a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes; a pair of oxen or horses.

2. Two of a sort; a couple; a brace; as a pair of nerves; a pair of doves. Luke 2.

Pair

PAIR, verb intransitive To be joined in pairs; to couple; as, birds pair in summer.

2. To suit; to fit; as a counterpart.

Ethelinda,

My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.

Rowe.

Pair

PAIR, verb transitive To unite in couples; as minds paired in heaven.

Dryden.

2. To unite as correspondent, or rather to contrast.

Glossy jet is paired with shining white.

Pope.

Pair

PAIR, verb transitive To impair. [See Impair.]

Paired

PA'IRED, participle passive Joined in couples; fitted; suited.

Pairing

PA'IRING, participle of the present tense Uniting in pairs; fitting.

Palace

PAL'ACE, noun [French palais; Latin palatium; Italian palazzo; Spanish palacio; German pfalz, whence pfalzgraf, palsgrave; Welsh plÃƒ-¢s; Russian palata.]

1. A magnificent house in which an emperor, a king or other distinguished person resides; as an imperial palace; a royal palace; a pontifical palace; a ducal palace.

2. A splendid place of residence; as the sun's bright palace.

Addison.

Palace-Court

PAL'ACE-COURT, noun The domestic court of the kings of Great Britain, which administers justice between the king's domestic servants. It is held once a week before the steward of the household and knight marshal; its jurisdiction extending twelve miles in circuit from his majesty's palace.

Blackstone.

Palacious

PALA'CIOUS, adjective [from palace.] Royal; noble; magnificent. [Not used.]

Graunt.

Palankeen

PALANKEE'N, or PALAN'QUIN, noun [In Hindoo, palkee, apparently from Sanscrit paluk, a couch. But it accords better with Spanish Italian palanca, a pole, Portugese palanque.]

A covered carriage used in India, China, &c. borne on the shoulders of men, and in which a single person is conveyed from place to place.

Palatable

PAL'ATABLE, adjective [from palate.] Agreeable to the taste; savory.

Addison.

2. That is relished.

Palatableness

PAL'ATABLENESS, noun The quality of being agreeable to the taste; relish.

Aikin.

Palatal

PAL'ATAL, adjective Pertaining to the palate; uttered by the aid of the palate.

Palatal

PAL'ATAL, noun A letter pronounced by the aid of the palate, or an articulation of the root of the tongue with the roof of the mouth; as g hard and k, in eg, ek.

Palate

PAL'ATE, noun [Latin palatum, properly the arch or cope of heaven.]

1. The roof or upper part of the mouth. The glands in this part of the mouth secrete a mucous fluid, which lubricates the mouth and throat, and facilitates deglutition.

Encyc.

2. Taste.

Hard task to hit the palates of such guests.

Pope.

[This signification of the word originated in the opinion that the palate is the instrument of taste. This is a mistake. In itself it has no power of taste.]

3. Mental relish; intellectual taste.

Men of nice palates could not relish Aristotle, as dressed up by the schoolmen.

Baker.

Palate

PAL'ATE, verb transitive To perceive by the taste. [Not Used.]

Shak.

Palatial

PALA'TIAL, adjective [from palate.] Pertaining to the palate; as the palatial retraction of the tongue.

Barrow.

Palatial

PALA'TIAL, adjective [from Latin palatium, palace.] Pertaining to a palace; becoming a palace; magnificent.

Drummond.

Palatic

PAL'ATIC, adjective Belonging to the palate. [Not used.]

Holder.

Palatinate

PALAT'INATE, noun [Italian palatinato, from Latin palatinus. See Palatine.]

The province or seignory of a palatine; as the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany, called the upper and lower Palatinate.

Encyc.

Palatine

PAL'ATINE, adjective [French palatin; Italian palatino; from Latin palatinus, from palatium, palace.]

Pertaining to a palace; an epithet applied originally to persons holding an office or employment in the king's palace; hence it imports possessing royal privileges; as a count palatine.

In England, formerly, were three counties palatine, Chester, Durham and Lancaster; the two former by prescription, the latter by grant of Edward III. They were so called, because the proprietors, the earl of Chester, the bishop of Durham and the duke of Lancaster, possessed royal rights, as fully as the king in his palace. Of these, the county of Durham is the only one now remaining in the hands of a subject.

Blackstone.

Palatine

PAL'ATINE, noun One invested with royal privileges and rights. A palatine or count palatine, on the continent of Europe, is one delegated by a prince to hold courts of justice in a province, or one who has a palace and a court of justice in his own house. In Poland, a palatine may be regarded as the governor of a province.

Encyc.

Palative

PAL'ATIVE, adjective Pleasing to the taste. [Not used.]

Brown.

Palaver

PAL'AVER, noun [Spanish palabra, Portugese palavra, a word. Qu. Welsh llavar, utterance; with a prefix.]

1. Idle talk.

2. Flattery; adulation. [This is used with us in the vulgar dialect.]

3. Talk; conversation; conference; a sense used in Africa, as appears by the relations of missionaries.

Palaver

PAL'AVER, verb transitive To flatter. [In vulgar use.]

Pale

PALE, adjective [French pale, palir; Latin palleo, pallidus; Russian bielie, white; bieliju, to whiten. It is probably allied to Saxon falewe, fealo, fallow, pale red or yellow, Dutch vaal, from the sense of failing, withering; Welsh pallu, to fail. See Class Bl. No. 6. 7. 13. 18.]

1. White or whitish; wan; deficient in color; not ruddy or fresh of color; as a pale face or skin; pale Cheeks. We say also, a pale red, a pale blue, that is, a whitish red or blue. Pale is not precisely synonymous with white, as it usually denotes what we call wan, a darkish dun white.

2. Not bright; not shining; of a faint luster; dim; as the pale light of the moon.

The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;

It looks a little paler.

Shak.

Pale

PALE, verb transitive To make pale.

Shak. Prior.

Pale

PALE, noun [Saxon pal; German pfahl; Dutch paal; Swedish pÃƒ-¥le; Danish poel; Welsh pawl; Latin palus; coinciding with pole, as well as pale; Russian palitz, a stick or club. It has the elements of Latin pala, a spade or shovel, and the radical sense is probably an extended thing, or a shoot. Qu. Arabic nabala, to dart. Class Bl. No. 18.]

1. A narrow board pointed or sharpened at one end, used in fencing or inclosing. This is with us more generally called a picket.

2. A pointed stake; hence to empale, which see.

3. An inclosure; properly, that which incloses, like fence, limit; hence, the space inclosed. He was born within the pale of the church; within the pale of christianity.

Atterbury.

4. District; limited territory.

Clarendon.

5. In heraldry, an ordinary, consisting of two perpendicular lines drawn from the top to the base of the escutcheon, and containing the third middle part of the field.

Encyc.

Pale

PALE, verb transitive [Dutch paalen; German pfÃƒ-¤hlen.] To inclose with pales or stakes.

Mortimer.

2. To inclose; to encompass.

Shak.

Paleaceous

PALEA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin palea, straw, chaff.]

1. Chaffy; resembling chaff, or consisting of it; as a paleaceous pappus.

Lee.

2. Chaffy; furnished with chaff; as a paleaceous receptacle.

Martyn.

Paled

PA'LED, participle passive Inclosed with pales or pickets.

2. Striped.

Pale-Eyed

PA'LE-EYED, adjective Having eyes dimmed.

Milton.

Pale-Faced

PA'LE-FACED, adjective Having a pale or wan face.

Shak.

2. Causing paleness of face; as pale-faced fear.

Shak.

Pale-Hearted

PA'LE-HE`ARTED, adjective Dispirited.

Shak.

Palely

PA'LELY, adverb Wanly; not freshly or ruddily.

Palendar

PAL'ENDAR, noun A kind of coasting vessel. Obs.

Knolles.

Paleness

PA'LENESS, noun Wanness; defect of color; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness of look.

The blood the virgin's cheek forsook,

A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look.

Pope.

2. Want of color or luster; as the paleness of a flower.

Shak.

Paleography

PALEOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, ancient, and, writing.]

1. The art of explaining ancient writings. More correctly,

2. An ancient manner of writing; as Punic paleography.

E. Stiles.

Paleologist

PALEOL'OGIST, noun One who writes on antiquity, or one conversant with antiquity.

Good.

Paleology

PALEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, ancient, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on antiquities, or the knowledge of ancient things.

Paleous

PA'LEOUS, adjective [Latin palea, chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff.

Brown.

Palestrian

PALES'TRIAN, or PALES'TRIC, adjective [Greek, from, a struggling or wrestling; to wrestle, to strive.]

Pertaining to the exercise of wrestling.

Bryant.

Palet

PAL'ET, noun [French pelote, a ball.] The crown of the head. [Not used.]

Skelton.

Palette

PALETTE. [See Pallet.]

Palfrey

PAL'FREY, noun [French palefroi; Italian palafreno; Spanish palafren; Portugese palafrem; Welsh palvre. Ainsworth gives for the original word, in Low Latin, paraveredi, [plu. of veredus,] horses of a large size, used for carrying the baggage of an army.]

1. A horse used by noblemen and others for state, distinguished from a war horse.

Encyc.

2. A small horse fit for ladies.

Johnson. Spectator.

Palfreyed

PAL'FREYED, adjective Riding on a palfrey.

Palification

PALIFICA'TION, noun [from Latin palus, a stake or post.]

The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground for making it firm.

Wotton.

Palindrome

PAL'INDROME, noun [Greek; again, and or, to run, disused.]

A word, verse or sentence that is the same when read backwards or forwards; as madam, or "Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor."

Encyc.

Paling

PA'LING, participle of the present tense Inclosing with pales.

Paling

PA'LING, noun A fence formed with pales.

Palinode

PAL'INODE, or PAL'INODY, noun [Greek; again, and, a song.]

A recantation, or declaration contrary to a former one.

Encyc. Sandys.

Palisade

PALISA'DE, noun [French palissade; Spanish palizada; Italian palizzata; from pale, or the same root. The Welsh has palis, a thin partition of boards or laths, a wainscot; palisaw, to wainscot.]

A fence or fortification consisting of a row of stakes or posts sharpened and set firmly in the ground. In fortification, the posts are set two or three inches apart, parallel to the parapet in the covered way, to prevent a surprise. Palisades serve also to fortify the avenues of open forts, gorges, half-moons, the bottom of ditches, &c.

Encyc.

Palisade

PALISA'DE, verb transitive To surround, inclose or fortify with stakes or posts.

Palish

PA'LISH, adjective [from pale.] Somewhat pale or wan; as a palish blue.

Arbuthnot.

Pall

PALL, noun [Latin pallium; Saxon poelle, Italian pallio; Armoric pallen; Irish peall.]

1. A cloke; a mantle of state.

Milton.

2. The mantle of an archbishop.

Ayliffe.

3. The cloth thrown over a dead body at funerals.

Dryden.

Pall

PALL, noun In heraldry, a figure like the Greek.

Encyc.

Pall

PALL, verb transitive To cloke; to cover or invest.

Shak.

Pall

PALL, verb intransitive [Welsh pallu, to fail; allied to pale, and to Greek, old; Hebrew Chaldee Arabic; Hebrew. See Fail. Class Bl. No. 6. 18. 21.]

1. To become vapid; to lose strength, life, spirit or taste; to become insipid; as, the liquor palls.

Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,

Fades in the eye and palls upon the sense.

Addison.

Pall

PALL, verb transitive To make vapid or insipid.

Reason and reflectionÃ‚--blunt the edge of the keenest desires, and pall all his enjoyments.

Atterbury.

2. To make spiritless; to dispirit; to depress.

The more we raise our love,

The more we pall and cool and kill his ardor.

Dryden.

3. To weaken; to impair; as, to pall fortune.

Shak.

4. To cloy; as the palled appetite.

Tatler.

Palladium

PALLA'DIUM, noun [Greek, from Pallas, the goddess.]

1. Primarily, a statue of the goddess Pallas, which represented her as sitting with a pike in her right hand, and in her left a distaff and spindle. On the preservation of this statue depended the safety of Troy. Hence,

2. Something that affords effectual defense, protection and safety; as when we say, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights.

Blackstone.

3. A metal found in very small grains, of a steel gray color and fibrous structure, in auriferous and platiniferous sand. It is infusible by ordinary heat, and when native, is alloyed with a little platina and iridium.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pallet

PAL'LET, noun [French palette; Italian paletta, a fireshovel; Spanish paleta; from Latin pala, Welsh pal. a shovel, a peel.]

1. Among painters, a little oval table or board, or piece of ivory, on which the painter places the colors to be used. On the middle the colors are mixed to obtain the tints required.

Encyc.

2. Among potters, crucible makers, &c. a wooden instrument for forming, heating and rounding their works. It is oval, round, &c.

Encyc.

3. In gilding, an instrument made of a squirrels tail, to take up the gold leaves from the pillow, and to apply and extend them.

Encyc.

4. In heraldry, a small pale. [See Pale.]

5. A small part belonging to the balance of a watch; the nut of a watch. It is sometimes written pallat.

6. A measure formerly used by surgeons, containing three ounces.

Hakewill.

Pallet

PAL'LET, noun [paillet, Chaucer; French paille, Latin palea, straw; Irish peall, a couch.] A small bed.

Milton.

Palliament

PAL'LIAMENT, noun [Latin pallium, a cloke.] A dress; a robe. [Not used.]

Shak.

Palliard

PAL'LIARD, noun [French] A lecher; a lewd person. [not used nor English.]

Palliardise

PAL'LIARDISE, noun Fornication. [Not used.]

Buck.

Palliate

PAL'LIATE, verb transitive [French pallier; Spanish paliar; Italian palliare; from Low Latin pallio, from pallium, a cloke or robe.]

1. To clothe. Obs.

2. To cover with excuse; to conceal the enormity of offenses by excuses and apologies; hence, to extenuate; to lessen; to soften by favorable representations; as, to palliate faults, offenses, crimes or vices.

Dryden.

3. To reduce in violence; to mitigate; to lessen or abate; as, to palliate a disease.

Palliate

PAL'LIATE, adjective Eased; mitigated. [Not used.]

Palliated

PAL'LIATED, participle passive Covered by excuses; extenuated; softened.

Palliating

PAL'LIATING, participle of the present tense Concealing the enormity or most censurable part of conduct; extenuating; softening.

Palliation

PALLIA'TION, noun The act of palliating; concealment of the most flagrant circumstances of an offense; extenuation by favorable representation; as the palliation of faults, offenses, vices or crimes.

2. Mitigation; alleviation; abatement; as of a disease.

Palliative

PAL'LIATIVE, adjective [French palliatif.] Extenuating; serving to extenuate by excuses or favorable representation.

Warton.

2. Mitigating; alleviating; as pain or disease.

Arbuthnot.

Palliative

PAL'LIATIVE, noun That which extenuates.

2. That which mitigates, alleviates or abates the violence of pain, disease or other evil.

Swift.

Pallid

PAL'LID, adjective [Latin pallidus, from palleo, to become pale. See Pale.]

Pale; wan; deficient in color; not high colored; as a pallid countenance; pallid blue.

Spenser. Thomson. Harte.

Pallidly

PAL'LIDLY, adverb Palely; wanly.

Taylor.

Pallidness

PAL'LIDNESS, noun Paleness; wanness.

Pallmall

PALL'MALL, noun [Latin pila, a ball, and malleus, mallet; Italian palla, a ball, and malleo, a hammer.]

A play in which a ball is driven through an iron ring by a mallet; also, the mallet.

Johnson.

Pallor

PAL'LOR, noun [Latin] Paleness.

Taylor.

Palm

PALM, n. p'am. [Latin palma; Welsh palv; from spreading.]

1. The inner part of the hand.

2. A hand or hand's breadth; a lineal measure of three inches.

Holder. Bacon.

3. The broad triangular part of an anchor at the end of the arms.

4. The name of many species of plants, but particularly of the date-tree or great palm, a native of Asia and Africa.

The palms constitute a natural order of monocotyledonous plants, with a simple cylindric stem, terminating in a crown of leaves or fronds, within which rises a tuft of flowers and fruits; all natives of warm climates. They vary in size from 2 to more than 100 feet in highth.

Jussieu. Linne.

5. Branches of the palm being worn in token of victory, hence the word signifies superiority, victory, triumph. The palm was adopted as an emblem of victory, it is said, because the tree is so elastic as when pressed, to rise and recover its correct position.

Encyc.

Namur subdued is England's palm alone.

Dryden.

6. Among seamen, an instrument used in sewing canvas instead of a thimble.

Palm

PALM, v. t. p'am. To conceal in the palm of the hand.

They palmed the trick that lost the game.

Prior.

2. To impose by fraud.

For you may palm upon us new for old.

Dryden.

3. To handle.

Prior.

4. To stroke with the hand.

Ainsworth.

Palm-Sunday

PALM-SUNDAY, n.p'am-sunday. The Sunday next before Easter; so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.

Palm-Tree

PALM-TREE, n. p'am-tree. The date tree, or Phoenix Lactylifera, a native of Asia and

Africa, which grows to the highth of 60 and even of 100 feet, with an upright stem, crowned with a cluster of leaves or branches eight or nine feet long, extending all around like an umbrella. The fruit is in shape somewhat like an acorn. This tree transplanted will grow in Europe, but the fruit never ripens.

Encyc.

This name is applied to other species of palms.

Palmar

PAL'MAR, adjective [Latin palmaris.] Of the breadth of the hand.

Lee.

Palmated

PAL'MATED, adjective [Latin palmatus, from palma, palm.]

1. Having the shape of a hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread; as palmated leaves or stones.

Encyc.

2. Entirely webbed; as the palmated feet of aquatic fowls.

Palmer

PALMER, n. p'amer. One that returned from the Holy Land bearing branches of palm; a pilgrim or crusader.

Pope.

Palmer-Worm

PALMER-WORM, n. p'amer-worm. A worm covered with hair; supposed to be so called because he wanders over all plants. Joel 1.

Johnson.

Palmetto

PALMET'TO, noun A species of palm-tree, growing in the West Indies, of the genus Chamaerops.

Thomson.

Palmiferous

PALMIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin palma and fero, to bear.] Bearing palms.

Dict.

Palmiped

PAL'MIPED, adjective [Latin palma and pes, foot.] Web-footed; having the toes connected by a membrane; as a water fowl.

Palmiped

PAL'MIPED, noun A fowl that has webbed feet, or the toes connected by a membrane.

Encyc.

Palmister

PAL'MISTER, noun [Latin palma.] One who deals in palmistry, or pretends to tell fortunes by the palm of the hand.

Palmistry

PAL'MISTRY, noun [Latin palma, palm.] The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; a trick of imposture, much practiced by gipseys.

2. Addison uses it humorously for the action of the hand.

Spectator.

Palmy

PALMY, a. p'amy. Bearing palms.

Shak.

Palp

PALP, verb transitive To feel. [Not authorized.]

Palpability

PALPABIL'ITY, noun [from palpable.] The quality of being perceptible by the touch.

Arbuthnot.

Palpable

PAL'PABLE, adjective [French from Latin palpor, to feel; Italian palpabile.]

1. Perceptible by the touch; that may be felt; as a palpable substance; palpable darkness.

Shak.

2. Gross; coarse; easily perceived and detected; as a palpable absurdity.

Tillotson.

3. Plain; obvious; easily perceptible; as palpable phenomena; palpable proof.

Hooker. Glanville.

Palpableness

PAL'PABLENESS, noun The quality of being palpable; plainness; obviousness; grossness.

Palpably

PAL'PABLY, adverb In such a manner as to be perceived by the touch.

2. Grossly; plainly; obviously.

Clodius was acquitted by a corrupt jury that had palpably taken shares of money.

Bacon.

Palpation

PALPA'TION, noun [Latin palpatio, from palpo, to feel, to stroke, from the root of feel, and Greek, to shake. Probably the primary sense is to beat or strike gently, or to touch, or to spring, to leap, allied to Greek, French baller.] The act of feeling.

Palpitate

PAL'PITATE, verb intransitive [Latin palpito, from palpo. Palpito illustrates the primary sense of palpo.]

To beat gently; to beat, as the heart; to flutter, that is, to move with little throws; as we say, to go pit a pat; applied particularly to a preternatural or excited movement of the heart.

Palpitation

PALPITA'TION, noun [Latin palpitatio.] A beating of the heart; particularly, a preternatural beating or pulsation excited by violent action of the body, by fear, fright or disease.

Harvey. Arbuthnot.

2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart.

Cullen. Parr.

Palsgrave

PALS'GRAVE, n. pawlzgrave. [German pfalzgraf, from pfalz, contracted from Latin palatium, palace, and graf, an earl; Dutch paltsgraaf; Saxon gerefa, a reeve, whence sheriff.]

A count or earl who has the superintendence of the king's palace.

Dict.

Palsical

PAL'SICAL, a. s as z. [from palsy.] Affected with palsy; paralytic.

Palsied

PAL'SIED, adjective [from palsy.] Affected with palsy.

Palsy

PAL'SY, n. s as z. [supposed to be contracted from Greek, relaxation; to loosen or relax.]

The loss or defect of the power of voluntary muscular motion in the whole body, or in a particular part; paralysis. When one side only of the body is affected, it is called hemiplegy. When the lower part of the body is paralytic, it is called paraplegy. Palsy may be a loss of the power of motion without a loss of sensation, or a loss of sensation without loss of motion, or a loss of both.

Encyc. Good. Quincy.

Palter

PAL'TER, verb intransitive [probably allied to faulter or falter, Welsh pallu, fail; Spanish Portugese faltar, to want, to fail, to miss, to balk, to come short. See Fail and Pall.]

To shift; to dodge; to play tricks.

Johnson.

Rather, to fail; to come short; to balk.

Romans, that have spoke the word

And will not palter.

Shak.

Palter

PAL'TER, verb transitive To squander. Qu. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Palterer

PAL'TERER, noun One that palters, fails or falls short.

Paltriness

PAL'TRINESS, noun [from paltry.] The state of being paltry, vile or worthless.

Paltry

PAL'TRY, adjective [Swedish palta, plu. paltor, rags; Danish pialt, a rag; pialted, ragged; Scot. paltrie or peltrie, vile trash; Italian paltone, a vagabond. It may be allied to Greek, vile, and to fail. Qu. French piÃƒ-¨tre, a contracted word.]

Ragged; mean; vile; worthless; despicable; as a paltry boy; a paltry slave; a paltry trifle.

Shak. Addison.

Paly

PA'LY, adjective [from pale.] Pale; wanting color; used only in poetry.

Shak. Gay.

2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four equal parts.

Encyc.

Pam

PAM, noun [supposed to be from palm, victory.] The knave of clubs.

Pope.

Pamper

PAM'PER, verb transitive [from Italian pambere, bread and drink; pamberato, pampered, well fed; pane, bread, and bere, to drink, Latin bibo.]

1. To feed to the full; to glut; to saginate; to feed luxuriously; as, to pamper the body or the appetite.

Spenser.

We are proud of a body fattening for worms and pampered for corruption and the grave.

Dwight.

2. To gratify to the full; to furnish with that which delights; as, to pamper the imagination.

Pampering

PAM'PERING, participle passive Fed high; glutted or gratified to the full.

Pampering

PAM'PERING, participle of the present tense Glutting; feeding luxuriously; gratifying to the full.

Pampering

PAM'PERING, noun Luxuriancy.

Fulke.

Pamphlet

PAM'PHLET, noun [Spanish papelon, from papel, paper. The word signifies both a pamphlet and a bill posted. Spanish papeleta, a slip of paper on which any thing is written; papel volante, a small pamphlet. It has also been deduced from paunflet, pagina filata, a word said to have been used by Caxton.]

A small book consisting of a sheet of paper, or of sheets stitched together but not bound.

Pamphlet

PAM'PHLET, v.t. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets.

Howell.

Pamphleteer

PAMPHLETEE'R, noun A write of pamphlets; a scribbler.

Tatler.

Pan

PAN, noun [Saxon Swedish panna; German pfanne; Dutch pan; Welsh id.]

1. A vessel broad and somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or with a raised border; used for setting milk and other domestic purposes.

Dryden.

2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire-arms which holds the priming that communicates with the charge.

3. Something hollow; as the brain pan.

4. Among farmers, the hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil; called the hardpan.

5. The top of the head.

Chaucer.

Pan

PAN, v.t. To join; to close together. [Local.]

Panacea

PANACE'A, noun [Latin from Greek; all, and, to cure.]

1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine.

Warton.

2. An herb.

Ainsworth.

Panada

PANA'DA, PANA'DO, noun [French panade, from Latin panis, Spanish pan, Italian pane, bread.]

A kind of food made by boiling bread in water to the consistence of pulp and sweetened.

Wiseman.

Pancake

PAN'CAKE, noun A thin cake fried in a pan.

Some folks think it will never be good times, till houses are tiled with pancakes. Franklin.

Panch

PANCH, noun [Welsh panu, to form a texture, to full.]

Among seamen, a thick and strong mat, to be fastened on yards to prevent friction.

Pancratic

PANCRATIC or PANCRAT'ICAL, adjective [Greek,all, and, strength.]

Excelling in all gymnastic exercises; very strong or robust.

Brown.

Pancreas

PANCREAS, noun [Greek, all, and, flesh.]

A gland of the body situated between the bottom of the stomach and the vertebers of the loins, reaching from the liver to the spleen, and attached to the peritonaeum. It is two fingers in breadth, and six in length, soft and supple. It secretes a kind of saliva and pours it into the duodenum.

Quincy. Coxe.

Pancreatic

PANCREAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the pancreas; as pancreatic juice.

Arbuthnot.

Pancy

PANCY. [See Pansy.]

Pandect

PAN'DECT, noun [Latin pandectoe, from Greek; all, and, to contain, to take.]

1. A treatise which contains the whole of any science.

Swift.

2. Pandects, in the plural, the digest or collection of civil or Roman law, made by order of the emperor Justinian, and containing 534 decisions or judgments of lawyers, to which the emperor gave the force and authority of law. This compilation consists of fifty books, forming the first part of the civil law.

Pandemic

PANDEM'IC, adjective [Greek, all, and, people.]

Incident to a whole people; epidemic; as a pandemic disease.

Harvey. Parr.

Pander

PAN'DER, noun [qu. It pandere, to set abroad, or Pandarus, in Chaucer. In Pers.,. bondar, is the keeper of a warehouse or granary, a forestaller who buys and hoards goods to enhance the price; answering to Latin mango. But the real origin of the word is not obvious.]

A pimp; a procurer; a male bawd; a mean profligate wretch who caters for the lust of others.

Dryden. Shak.

Pander

PAN'DER, v.t. To pimp; to procure lewd women for others.

Pander

PAN'DER, v.i. To act as agent for the lusts of others.

2. To be subservient to lust or passion.

Panderage

PAN'DERAGE, noun A procuring of sexual connection.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Panderism

PAN'DERISM, noun The employment or vices of a pander; a pimping.

Swift.

Panderly

PAN'DERLY, adjective Pimping; acting the pander.

Shak.

Pandiculation

PANDICULA'TION, noun [Latin pandiculor, to yawn, to stretch.]

A yawning; a stretching; the tension of the solids that accompanies yawning, or that restlessness and stretching that accompanies the cold fit of an intermittent.

Encyc. Floyer.

Pandit

PAN'DIT, PUN'DIT, noun In Hindoostan, a learned man.

Pandore

PAN'DORE, PAN'DORAN, noun [Greek.] An instrument of music of the lute kind; a bandore.

Drayton.

Pane

PANE, noun [French pan, from extending, whence panneau, a panel; Armoric panell; Spanish entrepaÃƒ-±o; Dutch paneel.] A square of glass.

2. A piece of any thing in variegated works.

Donne.

Pangyric

PANGYR'IC, noun [French panegyrique; Italian Spanish panegirico; Latin panegyricus, from the Greek, a public meeting or celebration; all, and, an assembly.]

1. An oration or eulogy in praise of some distinguished person or achievment; a formal or elaborate encomium.

Stillingfleet.

2. An encomium; praise bestowed on some eminent person, action or virtue.

Dryden.

Panegyric

PANEGYR'IC, adjective Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic.

Panegyris

PANEGY'RIS, noun A festival; a public meeting.

Milton.

Panegyrist

PANEGYR'IST, noun One who bestows praise; an eulogist; an encomiast, either by writing or speaking.

Camden.

Panegyrixe

PAN'EGYRIXE, v.t. To praise highly; to write or pronounce an eulogy on.

Chaldee Obs.

Panegyrize

PAN'EGYRIZE, v.i. To bestow praises.

Mitford.

Panegyrized

PAN'EGYRIZED, participle passive Highly praised or eulogized.

Panegyrizing

PAN'EGYRIZING, participle of the present tense Praising highly; eulogizing.

Panel

PAN'EL, noun [French panneau; Swedish panna, pan; pannela, to wainscot; Russian panel, ceiling or wainscot; probably named from breadth, extension.]

1. A square piece of board, or other piece somewhat similar inserted between other pieces; as the panel of a door.

Addison. Swift.

2. A piece of parchment or schedule, containing the names of persons summoned by the sheriff. Hence more generally,

3. The whole jury.

Panel

PAN'EL, v.t. To form with panels; as, to panel a wainscot.

Pennant.

Paneless

PA'NELESS, adjective Without panes of glass.

Shenstone.

Pang

PANG, noun [Dutch pynigen, German peinigen, to torture, from pyn, pein, pain; Saxon pinan. See Pain.]

Extreme pain; anguish; agony of body; particularly, a sudden paroxysm of extreme pain, as in spasm, or childbirth. Isaiah 21.

I saw the hoary traitor, Grin in the pangs of death, and bite the ground.

Addison.

Pang

PANG, v.t. To torture; to give extreme pain to.

Shak.

Pangolin

PAN'GOLIN, noun A species of Manis or scaly lizard, found only in Hindoostan.

Encyc.

Panic

PAN'IC, noun [Spanish Italian panico; French panique; Greek; Welsh pannu, to cause to sink, to depress or hollow, to cause a panic. The primary sense is intransitive, to shrink, or transitive, to cause to shrink; hence the fabled Pan, the frightful deity of the woods or shepherds.]

A sudden fright; particularly, a sudden fright without real cause, or terror inspired by a trifling cause or misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.

Panic

PAN'IC, adjective Extreme or sudden; applied to fright; as panic fear.

Panic

PAN'IC, noun [Latin panicum,] A plant and its grain, of the genus Panicum. The grain or seed is like millet, and it is cultivated in some parts of Europe for bread.

Panic-Grass

PAN'IC-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Panicum.

Panicle

PAN'ICLE, noun [Latin panicula, down upon reeds, cat's tail, allied to Latin pannus, cloth; Welsh pÃƒ-¢n, nap, down, the fulling of cloth; panu, to cover with nap, to full or mill cloth, to beat, to bang. The primary sense is to drive, strike or press, hence to full or make thick.]

In botany, a species of inflorescence, in which the flowers or fruits are scattered on peduncles variously subdivided, as in oats and some of the grasses. The panicle is of various kinds, as the dense or close, the spiked, the squeezed, the spreading, the diffused, the divaricating.

Martyn.

Panicled

PAN'ICLED, adjective Furnished with panicles.

Eaton.

Paniculate

PANICULATE, PANICULATED, adjective Having branches variously subdivided; as a paniculate stem.

2. Having the flowers in panicles; as a paniculate inflorescence.

Lee.

Pannade

PAN'NADE, noun The curvet of a horse. [See Panic.]

Ainsworth.

Pannage

PAN'NAGE, noun [from Latin panis.] The food of swine in the woods; as beach nuts, acorns, &c. called also pawns; also, the money taken by agistors for the mast of the king's forest.

Cowel.

Pannel

PAN'NEL, noun [Welsh panel, something plaited matted; Latin pannus, cloth] A kind of rustic saddle.

Tusser.

2. The stomach of a hawk.

Ainsworth.

Pannellation

PANNELLA'TION, noun The act of impanneling a jury. [Not used.]

Wood.

Pannier

PANNIER, noun pan'yer. [French panier; Italian paniera; Spanish panera, a pannier, and a granary; from Latin panis, bread.]

A wicker basket; primarily, a bread-basket, but used for carrying fruit or other things on a horse.

Addison.

Pannikel

PAN'NIKEL, noun The brain pan or skull. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Panoply

PAN'OPLY, noun [Greek; all, and, arms.]

Complete armor or defense.

We had need to take the christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God.

Ray.

Panorama

PANOR'AMA, noun [Greek, all, and, view, from, to see.]

Complete or entire view; a circular painting having apparently no beginning or end, from the center of which the spectator may have a complete view of the objects presented.

Pansophical

PANSOPH'ICAL, adjective [See Pansophy.] Pretending to have a knowledge of every thing.

Worthington.

Pansophy

PAN'SOPHY, noun [Greek, all, and, wisdom.] Universal wisdom or knowledge. [Little used.]

Hartlib.

Pansy

PAN'SY, noun [French pensÃƒ-©e, fancy or thought, from penser, to think.]

A plant and flower of the genus Viola; the viola tricolor, or garden violet.

Fam. of Plants.

Pant

P`ANT, v.i. [French panteler, probably from the root of Welsh panu, to beat. See Panicle, and qu. German.]

1. To palpitate; to beat with preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or suspense.

Yet might her piteous heart be seen to pant and quake.

Spenser.

2. To have the breast heaving, as in short respiration or want of breath.

Pluto pants for breath from out his cell.

Dryden.

3. To play with intermission or declining strength.

The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves and dies upon the trees.

Pope.

4. To long; to desire ardently.

Who pants for glory, finds but short repose.

Pope.

As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God. Psalm 42.

Pant

P`ANT, noun Palpitation of the heart.

Shak.

Pantaloon

PANTALOON', noun [French pantalon. Qu. Welsh pannu, to involve, or panu, to cover, and French talon, the heel.]

1. A garment for males in which breeches and stockings are in a piece; a species of close long trowsers extending to the heels.

2. A character in the Italian comedy, and a buffoon in pantomimes; so called from his close dress.

Addison.

Panter

P`ANTER, noun One that pants.

Panter

PANT'ER, noun [Irish painter, a snare.] A net.

Chaucer.

Pantess

P`ANTESS, noun [from pant.] The difficulty of breathing in a hawk.

Ainsworth.

Pantheism

PAN'THEISM, noun [Greek, all, and, God, whence theism.]

The doctrine that the universe is God, or the system of theology in which it is maintained that the universe is the supreme God.

Encyc. Asiat. Res.

Pantheist

PANTHE'IST, noun One that believes the universe to be God; a name given to the followers of Spinosa.

The earliest Grecian pantheist of whom we read is Orpheus.

Encyc.

Pantheistic

PANTHEIS'TIC, PANTHEIS'TICAL, noun Pertaining to pan theism; confounding God with the universe.

Enfield. Waterland.

Pantheon

PANTHE'ON, noun [Greek, all, and, God.]

A temple or magnificent edifice at Rome, dedicated to all the gods. It is now converted into a church. It is now converted into a church. It was built or embellished by Agrippa, son-in-law to Angustus, is of a round or cylindrical form, with a spherical dome, and 144 feet in diameter.

Encyc.

Panther

PAN'THER, noun [Latin from Greek. Qu., a wild beast.]

A fierce, ferocious quadruped of the genus Felis, of the size of a large dog, with short hair, of a yellow color, diversified with roundish black spots. This animal is carnivorous, and will climb trees in pursuit of small animals. It is a native of Africa. The name is also applied to other species of the genus.

Pantile

PAN'TILE, noun [qu. Welsh pantu, to dimple, to sink in, to become hollow; pan, a bowl, a pan; or French pente, a bending.] A gutter tile. But qu. pentile.

Panting

P`ANTING, participle of the present tense [See Pant.] Palpitating; breathing with a rapid succession of inspirations and expirations; longing.

Panting

P`ANTING, noun Palpitation; rapid breathing; lognging.

Pantingly

P`ANTINGLY, adverb With palpitation or rapid breathing.

Pantler

PANT'LER, noun [French panetier, from pain, Latin panis, bread.]

The officer in a great family who has charge of the bread.

Shak.

Pantofle

PAN'TOFLE, noun [French pantoufle; Italian pantofola, a slipper; Spanish pantuflo; Swedish toffla, toffel, a slipper or sandal; Danish tÃƒ-¶fel; Russian tufel.] A slipper for the foot.

Pantograph

PAN'TOGRAPH, noun [Greek, all, and, to describe.]

A mathematical instrument so formed as to copy any sort of drawing or design.

Pantographic

PANTOGRAPH'IC, PANTOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a pantograph; performed by a pantograph.

Pantography

PANTOG'RAPHY, noun General description; view of an entire thing.

Pantometer

PANTOM'ETER, noun [Greek, all, and, to measure.]

An instrument for measuring all sorts of elevations, angles and distances.

Bailey.

Pantometric

PANTOMET'RIC, PANTOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to a pantometer; performed by a pantometer.

Pantomime

PAN'TOMIME, noun [Latin pantomimus; Greek; all, and, a mimic.]

1. One that imitates all sorts of actions and characters without speaking; one that expresses his meaning by mute action. The pantomimes of antiquity used to express in gestures and action, whatever the chorus sung, changing their countenance and behavior as the subject of the song varied.

Encyc.

2. A scene or representation in dumb show.

3. A species of musical entertainment.

Busby.

Pantomime

PAN'TOMIME, adjective Representing only in mute action.

Pantomimic

PANTOMIM'IC, or PANTOMIM'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the pantomime; representing characters and actions by dumb show.

Panton

PAN'TON, or PAN'TON-SHOE, noun [qu. Latin pando, to open.] A horse shoe contrived to recover a narrow and hoof-bound heel.

Far. Dict.

Pantry

PAN'TRY, noun [French panetiÃƒ-¨re, a shepherd's scrip; Latin panarium, from panis, bread.]

An apartment of closet in which provisions are kept.

Panurgy

PAN'URGY, noun [Greek; all, and, work.] Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft.

Bailey.

Pap

PAP, noun [Latin French papa; A nipple of the breast; a teat.

Dryden

Pap

PAP, noun [Low Latin papa; Italian pappa; Dutch pap; Pers. bob, food.]

1. A soft food for infants, made with bread boiled or softened with water.

Boyle.

2. The pulp of fruit.

Ainsworth.

Pap

PAP, v.t. To feed with pap.

Papa

PAP`A, noun [Latin French papa; Dutch German id.; Greek; Italian Spanish papa, the pope; a word used by the ancient Scythians, as also in the Syriac and Chaldaic.] Father; a word with us used by children.

Swift.

Papacy

PA'PACY, noun [French papautÃƒ-©; Italian papato; from papa, the pope.]

1. The office and dignity of the pope or bishop of Rome; popedom.

Bacon.

2. Papal authority.

Milner.

Papal

PA'PAL, adjective [French from pape, the pope.] Belonging to the pope or pontiff of Rome; popish; as papal authority; the papalChair.

2. Proceeding from the pope; as a papal license or indulgence; a papal edict.

3. Annexed to the bishopric of Rome.

Papalin

PA'PALIN, noun A papist. [Not used.]

Herbert.

Papaverous

PAPAV'EROUS, adjective [Latin papavereus, from papaver, a poppy.]

Resembling the poppy; of the nature or qualities of poppies.

Brown.

Papaw

PAPAW', noun [French papayer.] The carica papaya, a tree growing in warm climates to the highth of eighteen or twenty feet, with a soft herbaceous stem, naked nearly to the top, where the leaves issue on every side on long foot-stalks. Between the leaves grow the flower and the fruit, which is of the size of a melon. The juice is acrid and milky, but the fruit when boiled is eaten with meat, like other vegetables.

Encyc.

2. The papaw of North America belongs to the genus Annona or custard apple.

Pape

PAPE, noun The pope.

Paper

PA'PER, noun [French papier; Italian papiro; Portugese Spanish papel; Dutch German papier; Welsh papyr; Greek; Latin papyrus, the name of an Egyptian plant, from which was made a kind of paper.]

1. A substance formed into thin sheets on which letters and figures are written or printed. Paper is made of different materials; but among us it is usually made of linen or cotton rage. A fine paper is made of silk, particularly for bank-notes, which require to be very thin.

2. A piece of paper.

Locke.

3. A single sheet printed or written; as a daily paper; a weekly paper; a periodical paper; referring to essays, journals, newspapers, &c.

4. Any written instrument, whether note, receipt, bill, invoice, bond, memorial, deed, and the like. The papers lie on the speaker's table.

They brought a paper to me to be signed.

Dryden.

5. A promissory note or notes or a bill of exchange; as negotiable paper.

Kent.

6. Hangings printed or stamped; paper for covering the walls of rooms.

Paper

PA'PER, adjective Made of paper; consisting of paper.

2. Thin; slight; as a paper wall.

Burnet.

Paper

PA'PER, v.t. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a room or a house.

Shak.

2. To register. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. To fold or inclose in paper.

Paper-Credit

PAPER-CRED'IT, noun Evidences of debt; promissory notes, &c. passing current in commercial transactions.

3. Notes or bills emitted by public authority, promising the payment of money. The revolution in N. America was carried on by means of paper-credit.

Paper-Faced

PA'PER-FACED, adjective Having a face as white as paper.

Shak.

Paper-Kite

PA'PER-KITE, noun A light frame covered with paper for flying in the air like a kite.

Warton.

Paper-Maker

PA'PER-MAKER, noun One that manufactures paper.

Paper-Mill

PA'PER-MILL, noun A mill in which paper is manufactured.

Paper-Money

PAPER-MONEY, nounNotes or bills issued by authority, and promising the payment of money, circulated as the representative of coin. We apply the word to notes or bills issued by a state or by a banking corporation; rarely or never to private notes or bills of exchange, though the latter may be included.

Paper-Stainer

PA'PER-STAINER, noun One that stains, colors or stamps paper for hangings.

Papescent

PAPES'CENT, adjective [from pap.] Containing pap; having the qualities of pap.

Arbuthnot.

Papess

PA'PESS, noun A female pope.

Hall.

Papil

PAP'IL, noun [Latin papilla.] A small pap or nipple.

Papilio

PAPIL'IO, noun [Latin] A butterfly. In zoology, a genus of insects of numerous species. These insects are produced from the caterpillar. The chrysalis is the tomb of the caterpillar and the cradle of the butterfly.

Barbut.

Papilionaceous

PAPILIONA'CEOUS, adjective Resembling the butterfly; a term in botany, used to describe the corols of plants which have the shape of a butterfly, such as that of the pea. The papilionaceous plants are of the leguminous kind.

Encyc. Quincy.

The papilionaceous corol is usually fourpetaled, having an upper spreading petal, called the banner, two side petals called wings, and a lower petal called the keel.

Martyn.

Papillary

PAP'ILLARY, or PAP'ILLOUS, adjective Pertaining to the pap or nipple; resembling the nipple; covered with papils.

Derham.

Papillate

PAP'ILLATE, v.i. To grow into a nipple.

Fleming.

Papillose

PAP'ILLOSE, adjective Nipply; covered with fleshy dots or points; verrucose; warty; as a papillose leaf.

Martyn.

Covered with soft tubercles, as the iceplant.

Smith.

Papism

PA'PISM, noun [from French pape, pope.] Popery.

Bedell.

Papist

PA'PIST, noun [French papiste; Italian papista; from French pape, pope.]

A Roman catholic; one that adheres to the church of Rome and the authority of the pope.

Clarendon.

Papistic

PAPIS'TIC, or PAPIS'TICAL, adjective Popish; pertaining to popery; adherent to the church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies.

Whitgifte.

Papistry

PA'PISTRY, noun Popery; the doctrines and ceremonies of the church of Rome.

Ascham. Whitgifte.

Papized

PA'PIZED, adjective Conformed to popery.

Fuller.

Pappous

PAP'POUS, adjective [from Latin pappus; Greek.] Downy; furnished with a pappus, as the seeds of certain plants, such as thistle, dandelions, &c.

Ray.

Pappus

PAP'PUS, noun[Latin from Greek, an oldman or grandfather, hence a substance resembling gray hairs.]

The soft downy substance that grows on the seeds of certain plants, as on those of the thistle.

Encyc.

Pappy

PAP'PY, adjective [from pap.] Like pap; soft; succulent.

Burnet.

Papulae

PAP'ULAE, noun [Latin] Pimples; blisters; eruptions on the skin.

Papulose

PAP'ULOSE, adjective Covered with vesicular points or with little blisters; as a papulose leaf.

Martyn.

Papulous

PAP'ULOUS, adjective Full of pimples or pustules.

Papyrus

PAPY'RUS, noun [Latin] An Egyptian plant, a kind of reed, of which the ancients made paper.

Par

P'AR, noun [Latin par, equal; Welsh par, that is up on or contiguous, that is in continuity, a state of readiness or preparedness, a pair, a fellow, peer. The word seems to be formed on the root of Latin paro, and the Shemitic, and the primary sense, to extend or reach.]

1. State of equality; equal value; equivalence without discount or premium. Bills of exchange are at par, above par, or below

par. Bills are at par, when they are sold at their nominal amount for coin or its equivalent.

2. Equality in condition.

Parable

PAR'ABLE, adjective [Latin parabilis.] Easily procured. [Not used.]

Brown.

Parable

PAR'ABLE, noun [French parabole, from Latin parabola; Greek, from, to throw forward or against, to compare; to or against, and, to throw; as in confero, collatum, to set together, or one thing with another.]

A fable or allegorical relation or representation of something real in life or nature, from which a moral is drawn for instruction; such as the parable of the trees choosing a king, Judges 9.; the parable of the poor man and his lamb, 2 Samuel 12.; the parable of the ten virgins, Matthew 25.

Parable

PAR'ABLE, v.t. To represent by fiction or fable.

Milton.

Parabola

PARAB'OLA, noun [Latin See Parable.] A conic section arising from cutting a cone by a plane parallel to one of its sides, or parallel to a plane that touches one of its sides.

Harris.

Parabole

PARABOLE, noun parab'oly. [See Parable.] In oratory, similitude; comparison.

Encyc.

Parabolic

PARABOL'IC, or PARABOL'ICAL, adjective Expressed by parable or allegorical representation; as parabolical instruction or description.

Brown.

2. [from parabola.] Having the form of a parabola; as a parabolic curve.

Cheyne.

Parabolically

PARABOL'ICALLY, adverb By way of parable.

Brown.

2. In the form of a parabola.

Paraboliform

PARABOL'IFORM, adjective Having the form of a parabola.

Parabolism

PARAB'OLISM, noun [from Parabola.] In algebra, the division of the terms of an equation by a known quautity that is involved or multiplied in the first term.

Dict.

Paraboloid

PARAB'OLOID, noun [Greek and, form.]

In geometry, a paraboliform curve whose ordinates are supposed to be in the subtriplicate, subquadruplicate, &c. ratio of their respective absciss. Another species is when the parameter multiplied into the square of the ordinate. The curve is then called a semi-cubical paraboloid.

Harris.

A parabolic conoid. [See Conoid.] Encyc.

Paracelsian

PARACEL'SIAN, noun A physician who follows the practice of Paracelsus, a swiss physician of celebrity, who lived at the close of the fifteenth century.

Ferrand.

Paracelsian

PARACEL'SIAN, adjective Denoting the medical practice of Paracelsus.

Hakewill.

Paracentesis

PARACENTE'SIS, or PARACEN'TESY, n [Greek; through, and, to pierce.]

The operation in surgery called tapping.

Encyc.

Paracentric

PARACEN'TRIC, or PARACEN'TRICAL, adjective [Greek, beyond, and, center.]

Deviating from circularity.

Cheyne.

Parachronism

PARACH'RONISM, noun [Greek, beyond, and, time.]

An error inchronology; a mistake in regard to the true date of an event.

Encyc.

Parachute

PAR'ACHUTE, noun [Greek, against, and French chute, a fall.]

In aerostation, an instrument to prevent the rapidity of descent.

Paraclete

PAR'ACLETE, noun [Greek, from; to, and, to call.]

Properly, an advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the consoler, comforter or intercessor, a term applied to the Holy Spirit.

Pearson. Bale.

Parade

PARA'DE, noun [French parade, parade, and a parrying; It parata; Italian parata; Spanish parada, a stop or stopping, halt, end of a course, a fold for cattle, a relay of horses, a dam or bank, a stake, bet or wager, a parade. This is from the root of Latin paro, Spanish parar, to prepare.]

1. In military affairs, the place where troops assemble for exercise, mounting guard or other purpose.

Encyc.

2. Show; ostentation; display.

Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade.

Swift.

3. Pompous procession.

The rites performed, the parson paid,

In state return'd the grand parade.

Swift.

4. Military order; array; as warlike parade.

Milton.

5. State of preparation or defense.

Locke.

6. The action of parrying a thrust. [French]

Encyc.

Parade

PARA'DE, v.t. To assemble and array or marshal in military order. The general gave orders to parade the troops. The troops were paraded at the usual hour.

2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner.

Parade

PARA'DE, v.i. To assemble and be marshaled in military order.

2. To go about in military procession.

Scott.

3. To walk about for show.

Paraded

PARA'DED, participle passive Assembled and arrayed.

Paradigm

PARADIGM, noun par'adim. [Greek; and, example, from, to show.]

An example; a model. In grammar, an example of a verb conjugated in the several modes, tenses and persons.

Paradigmatic

PARADIGMAT'IC, or PARADIGMAT'ICAL, adjective Exemplary. [Little used.]

More.

Paradigmatize

PARADIG'MATIZE, v.t. To set forth as a model or example. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Parading

PARA'DING, participle of the present tense Assembling and arraying in due order; making an ostentatious show.

Paradise

PAR'ADISE, noun [Greek.] The garden of Eden, in which and Adam and Evewere placed immediately after their creation.

Encyc. Milton.

2. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight.

The earth

Shall all be paradise-

Milton.

3. Heaven, the blissful seat of sanctified souls after death.

This day shalt thou be with me in paradise Luke 23.

4. Prmarily, in Persia, a pleasure-garden with parks and other appendages.

Mitford.

Paradisea

PARADIS'EA, noun Bird of Paradise, a genus of fowls, natives of the isles in the East Indies and of New Guinea.

Encyc.

Paradisean

PARADIS'EAN, or PARADISI'ACAL, adjective Pertaining to Eden or Paradise, or to a place of felicity.

2. Suiting paradise; like paradise.

Paradox

PAR'ADOX, noun [French paradoxe; Italian paradosso; Greek; beyond, and, opinion; to think or suppose.]

A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet true in fact.

A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable.

Hooker.

Paradoxical

PARADOX'ICAL, adjective Having the nature of a paradox.

Brown. Norris.

2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions; applied to persons.

Paradoxically

PARADOX'ICALLY, adverb In a paradoxical manner, or in a manner seemingly absurd.

Collier.

Paradoxicalness

PARADOX'ICALNESS, noun State of being paradoxical.

Paradoxology

PARADOXOL'OGY, noun [paradox and Greek, discourse.]

The use of paradoxes. [Not used.]

Brown.

Paragoge

PARAGOGE, noun [par'agojy. [Greek, a drawing out; and.]

The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word; as dicier for dici. This is called a figure in grammer.

Encyc.

Paragogic

PARAGOGIC, or PARAGOGICAL, adjective Pertaining to a paragone, lengthening a word by the addition of a letter or syllable.

Parkhurst. Milton.

Paragon

PAR'AGON, noun [French parangon, comparison, a pattern; Italian paragone, from paraggio, comparison; Spanish paragon model; from Latin par, equal.]

1. A model or pattern; a model by way of distinction, implying superior excellence or perfection; as a paragon of beauty or eloquence.

2. A companion; a fellow. Obs.

Spenser.

3. Emulation; a match for trial. Obs.

Spenser.

Paragon

PAR'AGON, v.t. [Spanish paragonar; Italian paragonare, to compare, to equal; French parangonner.]

1. To compare; to paralle.

The picture of Pamela, in little form, the wore in a tablet, purposing to paragon the little one with Artesia's length. [Little used.]

Sidney.

2. To equal. [Little used.]

Shak.

Paragon

PAR'AGON, v.i. To pretend comparison or equality.[Little used.]

Scott.

Paragram

PAR'AGRAM, noun [Greek.] A play upon words or a pun.

Addison.

Paragrammatist

PARAGRAM'MATIST, noun A punster.

Addison.

Paragraph

PAR'AGRAPH, noun [Italian paragrafo; French paragraphe; Greek. a marginal note; to write near or beyond the text; beyond, and, to write.]

A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any portion or section of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one sentence or many sentences. A paragraph is some times marked thus, Ã‚-¶. But more generally, a paragraph is distingusished only by a break in the composition or lines.

Paragraph

PAR'AGRAPH, v.t. To form or write paragraphs.

Paragraphic

PARAGRAPH'IC, adjective Consisting of paragraphs or short divisions, with breaks.

Paragraphically

PARAGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb By paragraphs; with distinct breaks or divisions.

Paralepsis

PARALEP'SIS, or PAR'ALEPSY, noun [Greek, omission; beyond or by, and, to leave.]

In rhetoric, a pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker pretends to pass by what at the same time he really mentions.

Encyc.

Paralipomena

PARALIPOM'ENA, noun [Greek, to omit; beyond, and, to leave.]

Things omitted; a supplement containing things omitted in the preceding work.

The books of Chronicles are so called.

Encyc. Bailey.

Paralize

PAR'ALIZE, v.t. [Greek,.]

To affect as with palsy; to check action, or destroy the power of action.

Parallactic

PARALLACTIC, or PARALLACTICAL, adjective [See Parallax.] Pertaining to the parallax of a heavenly body.

Parallax

PAR'ALLAX, noun [Greek, from, to vary, to decline or wander; beyond, and, to change.]

In astronomy, the change of place in a heavenly body in consequence of being viewed from different points.

Diurnal parallax, the difference between the place of a celestial body, as seen from the surface, and from the center of the earth, at the same instant.

Annual parallax, the change of place in a heavenly body, in consequence of being viewed at opposite extremities of the earth's orbit.

Parallel

PAR'ALLEL, adjective [Greek; against or opposite, and, one the other.]

1. In geometry, extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant. One body or line is parallel to another, when the surfaces of the bodies or the lines are at an equal distance throughout the whole length.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running in accordance with something.

When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it cannot be too much cherished.

Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; like; similar; equal in all essential parts; as a parallel case; a parallel passage in the evangelists.

Watts.

Parallel

PAR'ALLEL, noun A line which throughout its whole extent is equidistant from an other line; as parallels of latitude.

Who made the spider parallels design,

Sure as De Moivre without rule or line?

Pope.

2. A line on the globe marking the latitude.

3. Direction conformable to that of another line.

Garth.

4. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; likeness.

'Twixt earthly females and the moon,

All parallels exactly run.

Swift.

5. Comparison made; as, to draw a parallel between two characters.

Addison.

6. Any thing equal to or resembling another in all essential particulars.

None but thyself can be thy parallel.

Pope.

Parallel

PAR'ALLEL, verb transitive To place so as to keep the same direction, and at an equal distance from something else.

Brown.

2. To level; to equal.

Fell. Shak.

3. To correspond to.

Burnet.

4. To be equal to; to resemble in all essential points.

Dryden.

5. To compare.

Locke.

Parallelable

PAR'ALLELABLE, adjective That may be equaled. [Not much used.]

Hall.

Parallelism

PAR'ALLELISM, noun State of being parallel.

More.

2. Resemblance; equality of state; comparison.

Warton.

Parallelly

PAR'ALLELLY, adverb In a parallel manner; with parallelism.

Scott.

Parallelogram

PARALLEL'OGRAM, noun [Greek and.]

1. In geometry, a right lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel and equal.

Harris.

2. In common use, this word is applied to quadrilateral figures of more length than breadth, and this is its sense in the passage cited by Johnson from Brown.

Parallelogramic

PARALLELOGRAM'IC or PARALLELOGRAM'ICAL, a Having the properties of a parallelogram.

Parallelopiped

PARALLELOPIP'ED, noun [parallel and Greek, on, and, a plain.]

In geometry, a regular solid comprehended under six parallelograms, the opposite ones of which are similar, parallel and equal to each other, or it is a prism whose base is a parallelogram. It is always triple to a pyramid of the same base and highth. Or a parallelopiped is a solid figure bounded by six faces, parallel to each other two and two.

Harris. Encyc.

Parallelopipedia

PARALLELOPIPE'DIA, noun A genus of spars, externally of a determinate and regular figure, always found loose and separate from other bodies, and in the form of an oblique parallelopiped, with six parallelogramic sides and eight solid angles.

Encyc.

Paralogism

PARAL'OGISM, noun [Greek; beyond, and, reasoning; discourse, reason.]

In logic, a fallacious argument or false reasoning; an error committed in demonstration, when a consequence is drawn from principles which are false, or though true, are not proved; or when a proposition is passed over that should have been proved by the way.

Encyc.

Paralogize

PARAL'OGIZE, v.i. To reason falsely.

Ash.

Paralogy

PARAL'OGY, False reasoning. [supra.]

Brown.

Paralysis

PARAL'YSIS, noun [Greek, from, to loosen, dissolve or weaken; and.]

Palsy; the loss of the power of muscular motion, or of the command of the muscles.

Paralytic

PARALYT'IC or PARALYT'ICAL, adjective Affected with palsy; deprived of the power of muscular motion; sometimes, weak; trembling; subject to an involuntary shaking; as a paralytic arm.

2. Inclined or tending to palsy.

Paralytic

PARALYT'IC, noun A person affected with palsy.

Hall.

Parameter

PARAM'ETER, noun [from Greek.]

1. The latus rectum of a parabola. It is a third proportional to the abscissa and any ordinate, so that the square of the ordinate is always equal to the rectangle under the parameter and abscissa; but in the ellipsis and hyperbola it has a different proportion.

Harris.

2. In conic sections, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate. In the parabola, a third proportional to any absciss and its ordinate.

Paramount

PAR'AMOUNT, adjective [Norm. peramont; per and mount, amont or monter, to ascend.]

1. Superior to all others; possessing the highest title or jurisdiction; as lord paramount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, tenements and hereditaments. In England, the king is lord paramount, of whom all the land in the kingdom is supposed to be held. But in some cases the lord of several manors is called the lord paramount.

Blackstone.

2. Eminent; of the highest order.

Bacon.

3. Superior to all others; as, private interest is usually paramount to all other considerations.

Paramount

PAR'AMOUNT, noun The chief; the highest in rank or order.

Milton.

Paramour

PAR'AMOUR, noun [French par, Latin per, and amour; Norm. paraimer, to love affectionately.]

1. A lover; a wooer.

Milton.

2. A mistress.

Shak.

Paranthine

PARANTHINE. [See Scapolite.]

Paranymph

PAR'ANYMPH, noun [Greek, by and, a bride or spouse.]

1. A brideman; one who leads the bride to her marriage.

Milton.

2. One who countenances and supports another.

Taylor.

Parapegm

PARAPEGM, n.par'apem. [Greek.] A brazen table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations were anciently engraved; also, a table set in a public place, containing an account of the rising and setting of the stars, eclipses, seasons, &c.

Phillips.

Parapet

PAR'APET, noun [French; Spanish parapeto; Italian parapetto; para, for, and petto, breast, Latin pectus.]

Literally, a wall or rampart to the breast or breast high; but in practice, a wall, rampart or elevation of earth for covering soldiers from an enemy's shot.

Encyc.

Parapherna

PARAPHER'NA, or PARAPHERNA'LIA, noun [Greek; beyond and, dower.]

The goods which a wife brings with her at her marriage, or which she possesses beyond her dower or jointure, and which remain at her disposal after her husband's death. Such are her apparel and her ornaments, over which the executors have no control, unless when the assets are insufficient to pay the debts.

Blackstone.

Paraphrase

PAR'APHRASE, n. s as z. [Greek; beyond, and, phrase.]

An explanation of some text or passage in a book, in a more clear and ample manner than is expressed in the words of the author. Such as the paraphrase of the New Testament by Erasmus.

In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense.

Dryden.

Paraphrase

PAR'APHRASE, v.t. To explain, interpret or translate with latitude; to unfold the sense of an author with more clearness and particularity than it is expressed in his own words.

Paraphrase

PAR'APHRASE, verb intransitive To interpret or explain amply; to make a paraphrase.

Where translation is impracticable, they may paraphrase.

Felton.

Paraphrased

PAR'APHRASED, participle passive Amply explained or translated.

Paraphrasing

PAR'APHRASING, participle of the present tense Explaining or translating amply and freely.

Paraphrast

PAR'APHRAST, noun [Greek.] One that paraphrases; one that explains or translates in words more ample and clear than the words of the author.

Hooker.

Paraphrastic

PARAPHRAS'TIC, or PARAPHRAS'TICAL, adjective Free, clear and ample in explanation; explaining or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not verbal or literal.

Paraphrastically

PARAPHRAS'TICALLY, adverb In a paraphrastic manner.

Howell.

Paraphrenitis

PARAPHREN'ITIS, noun [Greek and, delirium.]

An inflammation of the diaphragm.

Arbuthnot.

Paraplegy

PAR'APLEGY, noun [Greek, beyond, and, stroke; to smite.]

That kind of palsy which affects the lower part of the body.

Good.

Paraquet

PARAQUET', noun A little parrot.

Shak.

Parasang

PAR'ASANG, noun A Persian measure of length, which Herodotus states to be thirty stadia, nearly four English miles; but in different times and places, it has been 30, 40 or 50 stadia.

Herod. Euterp. Encyc.

Parasceuastic

PARASCEUAS'TIC, adjective Preparatory.

Parasceve

PARASCE'VE, noun [Greek, preparation.]

Preparation; the sabbath-eve of the Jews.

Todd.

Paraselene

PARASELE'NE, noun [Greek, about or near, and, the moon.]

A mock moon; a luminous ring or circle encompassing the moon, in which sometimes are other bright spots bearing some resemblance to the moon.

Encyc.

Parasite

PAR'ASITE, noun [French parasite; Italian parassito; Spanish parasito; Latin parasita; from Greek; by, and, corn.]

1. In ancient Greece, a priest or minister of the gods whose office was to gather of the husbandman the corn allotted for public sacrifices. The public store-house in which this corn was deposited was called. The parasites also superintended the sacrifices.

Potter's Antiq.

2. In modern usage, a trencher friend; one that frequents the tables of the rich and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger on; a fawning flatterer.

Milton. Dryden.

3. In botany, a plant growing on the stem or branch of another plant and receiving its nourishment from it, as the misletoe.

Encyc.

Parasitic

PARASIT'IC, or PARASIT'ICAL, adjective Flattering; Wheedling; fawning for bread or favors.

2. Growing on the stem or branch of another plant; as a parasitic plant.

Parasitically

PARASIT'ICALLY, adverb In a flattering or wheedling manner; by dependence on another.

Parasitism

PAR'ASITISM, noun The behavior or manners of a parasite.

Milton.

Parasol

PAR'ASOL, noun [French Spanish; Italian parasole; Greek, against, or Italian parare, to parry, and Latin sol, French soieil, Italian sole, the sun.]

A small umberlla used by ladies to defend themselves from rain, or their faces from the sun's rays.

Parat

PAR'AT, noun A fish of the mullet kind, found in Brazil.

Parathesis

PARATH'ESIS, noun [Greek; and.]

In grammar, apposition, or the placing of two or more nouns in the same case.

Jones.

Paravail

PARAVA'IL, adjective [Norm. par, by, and availe, profit.]

In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant holding under a mean or mediate lord, as distinguished from a tenant in capite, who holds immediately of the king.

Blackstone.

Paravant

PAR'AVANT, or PAR'AVAUNT, adverb [French par and avant, before.] In front; publicly. [Not English nor used.]

Spenser.

Parboil

P`ARBOIL, v.t. [French parbouillir. Bouilliar is to boil, and in Armoric porbollen is a pustule or little push.]

1. To boil in part; to boil in a moderate degree.

2. To cause little pustules or pushes on the skin by means of heat; as parboiled wretches.

Donne.

Parbreak

P`ARBREAK, v.i. [See Break] To vomit. Obs.

Skelton.

Parbuckle

P`ARBUCKLE, noun Among seamen, a rope like a pair of slings for hoisting casks, &c.

Parcel

P`ARCEL, noun [French parcelle, contracted probably from Latin particula, particle, from pars, part.]

1. A part; a portion of any thing taken separately.

The same experiments succeed on two parcels of the white of an egg.

Arbuthnot.

2. A quantity; any mass.

Newton.

3. A part belonging to a whole; as in law, one piece of ground is part and parcel of a greater piece.

4. A small bundle or package of goods.

5. A number of persons; in contempt.

Shak.

6. A number or quantity; in contempt; as a parcel of fair words.

L'Estrange.

Parcel

P`ARCEL, v.t. To divide into parts or portions; as, to parcel an estate among heirs.

These ghostly kings would parcel out my power.

Dryden.

2. To make up into a mass. [Little used].

Shak.

To parcel a seam, in seamen's language, to lay canvas over it and daub it with pitch.

Mar. Dict.

Parceled

P`ARCELED, participle passive Divided into portions.

Parceling

P`ARCELING, participle of the present tense Dividing into portions.

Parceling

P`ARCELING, noun Among seamen, long narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and bound about a rope like a bandage, before it is sewed. It is used also to raise a mouse on the stays, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Parcenary

P`ARCENARY, noun [Norm. parcenier.] Coheirship; the holding or occupation of lands of inheritance by two or more persons.

It differs from joint-tenancy, which is created by deed or devise; whereas parcenary, or co-parcenary, is created by the descent of lands from an ancestor.

Blackstone.

Parcener

P`ARCENER, noun [Scot. parsenere; Norm. parconnier; from part, Latin pars.]

Parcener or co-parcener is a co-heir, or one who holds lands by descent from an ancestor in common with another or with others; as when land descends to a man's daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, or their representatives. In this case, all the heirs inherit as parceners or co-heirs.

Blackstone.

Parch

P`ARCH, v.t. [I know not from what source we have received this word. It corresponds in elements with the Italian bruciare, to burn or roast. Qu. Latin peraresco.]

1. To burn the surface of a thing; to scorch; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.

2. To dry to extremity; as, the heat of the sun's rays parches the ground; the mouth is parched with thirst.

Milton. Dryden.

Parch

P`ARCH, v.i. To be scorched or superficially burnt; as, corn will dry and parch into barley.

Mortimer.

2. To become very dry.

Parched

P`ARCHED, participle passive Scorched; dried to extremity.

Parchedness

P`ARCHEDNESS, noun The state of being scorched or dried to extremity.

Parching

P`ARCHING, participle of the present tense Scorching; drying to extremity.

2. adjective Having the quality of burning or drying; as the parching heat of African sands.

Parchment

P'ARCHMENT, noun [French parchemin; Italian pargameno; Spanish pargamino; Armoric parich or parichemin; Dutch parkement; German pergament; Latin pergamena; supposed to be from Pergamus, to whose king Eumenes, the invention has been ascribed. This is probably a mere conjecture, originating in a resemblance of orthography; such conjectures being very common. In Spanish, parche is parchment, and a piece of linen covered with ointment or plaster. It is more probable that the first syllable is from some root that signifies to cleanse, purify or make clear, perhaps the root of Latin purgo, or the oriental or. See Membrane. See Class Br. No.9. and Class Brg. No. 4.5.]

The skin of a sheep or goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on. This is done by separating all the flesh and hair, rubbing the skin with pumice stone, and reducing its thickness with a sharp instrument. Vellum is made of the skins of abortive or very young calves.

Encyc.

Parchment-Maker

P`ARCHMENT-MAKER, noun One who dresses skins for parchment.

Pard

P`ARD, noun [Latin pardus; Greek; Syriac bardona. The word signifies spotted, from to hail, properly to scatter or sprinkle, as with hail.]

The leopard; or in poetry, any spotted beast. Instead of pard, we generally use leopard, the lion-pard. Pardale, from the Latin pardalis, is not used.

Pardon

P`ARDON, v.t. [French pardonner; Italian perdonare; Spanish perdonar; Portugese perdoar; Latin per and dono, to give; per having the sense of the English for in forgive, and re in Latin remitto, properly to give back or away.]

1. To forgive; to remit; as an offense or crime. Guilt implies a being bound or subjected to censure, penalty or punishment. To pardon, is to give up this obligation, and release the offender. We apply the word to the crime or to the person. We pardon an offense, when we remove it from the offender and consider him as not guilty; we pardon the offender, when we release or absolve him from his liability to suffer punishment.

I pray thee, pardon my sin. I Samaritanxv.

2. To remit, as a penalty.

I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.

Shak.

3. To excuse, as for a fault.

Dryden.

4. Pardon me, is a phrase used when one asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and it is often used in this sense, when a person means civilly to deny or contradict what another affirms.

Pardon

P`ARDON, noun Forgiveness; the release of an offense or of the obligation of the offender to suffer a penalty, or to bear the displeasure of the offended party. We seek the pardon of sins, transgressions and offenses.

2. Remission of a penalty. An amnesty is a general pardon.

3. Forgiveness received.

South.

Pardonable

P`ARDONABLE, adjective That may be pardoned; applied to persons. The offender is pardonable.

2. Venial; excusable; that may be forgiven, overlooked or passed by; applied to things; as a pardonable offense.

Pardonableness

P`ARDONABLENESS, noun The quality of being pardonable; venialness; susceptibility of forgiveness; as the pardonableness of sin.

Hall.

Pardonably

P`ARDONABLY, adverb In a manner admitting of pardon; venially; excusably.

Dryden.

Pardoned

P`ARDONED, participle passive Forgiven; excused.

Pardoner

P`ARDONER, noun One that forgives; one that absolves an offender.

2. One that sells the pope's indulgences.

Cowell.

Pardoning

P`ARDONING, participle of the present tense Forgiving; remitting an offense or crime; absolving from punishment.

Pare

PARE, v.t. [French parer; Armoric para, to dress, to trim, to parry or ward off, to stop; Spanish Portugese parar, to parry, to stop, to prepare; Portugese aparar, to pare, and to parry; Latin paro; Welsh par, a state of readiness, also a pair; para, to continue, to persevere, to last, to endure; French parer des cuirs, to dress or curry lether; parer le pied d'un cheval, to pare a horse's foot or hoof; Pers. poridan, to pare or cut off; [qu. Greek, lame; to mutilate;] Arabic to be free, to free, liberate or absolve, to dismiss, to remit, to create; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Samaritan to create; Hebrew Chaldee id. to cut off. The primary sense is to thrust or drive, hence to drive off, to separate, to stop by setting or repelling, as in parry, or to drive off or out, as in separating or producing. In Portuguese and Welsh, it has the sense of stretching, extending, and the Welsh unites par, equal, a pair, with the root of this word; par, a pair, what is continued to or contiguous. See and. Class Br.No.6.7.8. and 10.]

1. To cut off, as the superficial; substance or extremities of a thing; to shave off with a sharp instrument; as, to pare an apple or an orange; to pare the nails to pare a horse's hoof; to pare land in agriculture.

2. To diminish by little and little.

The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy.

Bacon.

When pare is followed by the thing diminished, the noun is in the objective case; as, to pare the nails. When the thing separated is the object, pare is followed by off or away; as, to pare off the rind of fruit; to pare away redundances.

Pared

PA'RED, participle passive Freed from any thing superfluous on the surface or at the extremities.

Paregoric

PAREGOR'IC, adjective [Greek, from, to mitigate.]

Mitigating; assuaging pain; as paregoric elixir.

Paregoric

PAREGOR'IC, noun A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne.

Encyc.

Parelcon

PAREL'CON, noun [Greek, to draw out.]

In grammar, the addition of a word or syllable to the end of another.

Encyc.

Parembole

PAREMBOLE, n.parem'boly. [Greek, insertion.]

In rhetoric, the insertion of something relating to the subject in the middle of a period. It differs from the parenthesis only in this; the parembole relates to the subject, the parenthesis is foreign from it.

Encyc. Vossius.

Parenchyma

PAREN'CHYMA, noun [Greek, from, to suffuse.]

1. In anatomy, the solid and interior part of the viscera, or the substance contained in the interstices between the blood vessels of the viscera; a spungy substance.

Coxe. Encyc.

Parenchyma is the substance or basis of the glands.

Cyc.

2. In botany, the pith or pulp of plants.

Encyc.

Parenchymatous

PARENCHYM'ATOUS, or PAREN'CHYMOUS, adjective [See the Noun.]

Pertaining to parenchyma; spungy; soft; porous.

Grew. Cheyne.

Parenesis

PAREN'ESIS, noun [Greek; to exhort.]

Persuasion; exhortation. [Little used.]

Dict.

Parenetic

PARENET'IC, or PARENET'ICAL, adjective Hortatory; encouraging.

Potter.

Parent

PA'RENT, noun [Latin parens, from pario, to produce or bring forth. The regular participle of pario is pariens, and parens is the regular participle of pareo, to appear. But both verbs probably belong to one family; Ethiopic

fari or feri, to bear. Class Br. No.35. Hebrew farah, id. No.33.]

1. A father or mother; he or she that produces young. The duties of parents to their children are to maintain, protect and educate them.

When parents are wanting in authority, children the wanting in duty.

Ames.

2. That which produces; cause; source. Idleness is the parent of vice.

Regular industry is the parent of sobriety.

Channing.

Parentage

PAR'ENTAGE, noun [French] Extraction; birth; condition with respect to the rank of parents; as a man of mean parentage; a gentleman of noble parentage.

Shak.

Parental

PARENT'AL, adjective [Italian parentale.] Pertaining to parents; as parental government.

2. Becoming parents; tender; affectionate; as parental care or solicitude.

Parentation

PARENTA'TION, noun [from Latin parento.]

Something done or said in honor of the dead.

Potter. Johnson.

Parenthesis

PAREN'THESIS, noun [Greek; and, to insert.]

A sentence, or certain words inserted in a sentence, which interrupt the sense or natural connection of words, but serve to explain or qualify the sense of the principal sentence. The parenthesis is usually included in hooks or curved lines, thus, ().

These officers, whom they still call bishops, are to be elected to a provision comparatively mean, through the same arts, (that is, electioneering arts,) by men of all religious tenets that are known or can be invented.

Burke.

Do not suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long parenthesis.

Watts.

Parenthetic

PARENTHET'IC, or PARENTHET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a parenthesis; expressed in a parenthesis.

Hales.

2. Using parentheses.

Parenticide

PARENT'ICIDE, noun [Latin parens and coedo.]

One who kills a parent.

Bailey.

Parentless

PA'RENTLESS, adjective Deprived of parents.

Parer

PA'RER, noun [from pare.] He or that which pares; an instrument for paring.

Tusser.

Parergy

PAR'ERGY, noun [Greek, beyond, and, work.]

Something unimportant, or done by the by. [Not used.]

Brown.

Pargasite

P`ARGASITE, noun [from the isle Pargas, in Finland.]

A mineral of a grayish or bluish green, in rounded grains, with a dull, dun surface, rarely bright; or in crystals in carbonate of lime, in little plates mixed with lamellar mica; a variety of actinolite.

Dict.

Parget

P`ARGET, noun [Spanish parche, a plaster; emparchar, to plaster. Qu.] Gypsum or plaster stone.

Encyc.

2. Plaster laid on roofs or walls.

Spenser.

3. Paint.

Drayton.

Parget is applied to the several kinds of gypsum, which when slightly calcined, is called plaster of paris, and is used in casting statues, in stucco for floors, cielings. &c.

Cyc.

Parget

PAR'GET, v.t. To plaster walls.

2. To paint; to cover with paint.

B.Jonson.

Pargeted

P'ARGETED, participle passive Plastered; stuccoed.

Pargeter

P'ARGETER, noun A plasterer.

Pargeting

P'ARGETING, participle of the present tense Plastering; as a noun, plaster or stucco.

Parhelion

PARHE'LION, noun [Greek, near, and, the sun.]

A mock sun or meteor, appearing in the form of a bright light near the sun; sometimes tinged with colors like the rainbow, with a luminous train.

Parial

PA'RIAL, or PAIR-ROYAL, noun Three of a sort in certain games of cards.

Butler.

Parian

PA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Paros, an isle in the Egean sea; as Parian marble.

Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the city of Athens, engraven on marble in capital letters in the isle of Paros. It contains a chronological account of events from Cecrops, 1582 years before Christ, to the archonship of Diognetus, 264 years before that era; but the chronicle of the last 90 years is lost. This marble was procured from Asia Minor in 1627, by the earl of Arundel, and being broken, the pieces are called Arundelian marbles. They are now deposited in the university of Oxford. The antiquity of the inscription has been disputed.

Cyc. Encyc.

Parietal

PARIE'TAL, adjective [from Latin paries, a wall, properly a partition wall, from the root of part or pare.] Pertaining to a wall.

2. The parietal bones form the sides and upper part of the skull. They are so called because they defend the brain like walls.

Parr.

Parietary

PARI'ETARY, noun [French parietaire, from Latin paries, a wall.]

A plant, the pellitory of the wall, of the genus Parietaria.

Parietine

PAR'IETINE, noun [Latin paries, wall.] A piece of a wall. [Not used.]

Burton.

Paring

PA'RING, participle of the present tense Cutting or shaving off the extremities.

Paring

P'ARING, n. That which is pared off; rind separated from fruit; a piece clipped off.

Mortimer. Pope.

2. The act or practice of cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage.

Paris

PAR'IS, noun A plant, herb Paris or true-love, or rather a genus of plants of one species.

Encyc.

Parish

PAR'ISH, noun [French paroisse; Italian parrocchia; Spanish parroquia; Armoric parres; Irish parraiste; usually deduced from the Low Latin parochia, Greek, a dwelling or near residence; near, and, house, or, to dwell; or more probably from the Greek, a salary or largess, an allowance for support, from, to afford, yield or supply, whence Latin parocha, entertainment given to embassadors at the public expense; whence Italian parrocchii. If parish is to be deduced from either of these sources, it is probably from the latter, and parish is equivalent to benefice, living, as prebend, from Latin proebeo. In German, pfarre signifies a benefice or parish; pfarrer or pfarrherr, a parson, the lord of a living or parish, and this is evidently from the same root as parson. I know not the origin of pfarre, but it coincides in elements with the Welsh pori, to graze, Cornish peuri, Latin voro, Greek. The Italian and Spanish words are undoubtedly from the Latin and Greek, and the French paroisse may be from the same source.]

1. The precinct or territorial jurisdiction of a secular priest, or the precinct, the inhabitants of which belong to the same church.

2. In some of the American states, parish is an ecclesiastical society not bounded by territorial limits; but the inhabitants of a town belonging to one church, though residing promiscuously among the people belonging to another church, are called a parish. This is particularly the case in Massachusetts. In Connecticut, the legal appellation of such a society is ecclesiastical society.

Parish

PAR'ISH, adjective Belonging to a parish; having the spiritual charge of the inhabitants belonging to the same church; as a parish priest.

Dryden.

2. Belonging to a parish; as a parish church; parish records.

3. Maintained by the parish; as parish poor.

Gay.

Parishioner

PARISH'IONER, noun One that belongs to a parsih;

Addison.

Parisyllabic

PARISYLLAB'IC, or PARISYLLAB'ICAL, adjective [Latin par, equal, and syllaba, sylable. Having equal or like syllables.

Paritor

PAR'ITOR, noun [for apparitor.] A beadle; a summoner of the courts of civil law.

Dryden.

Parity

PAR'ITY, noun [French paritÃƒ-©; Italian paritÃƒ- ; from Latin par, equal. See Pair and Peer.]

1. Equality; as parity of reason.

South.

2. Equality; like state of degree; as a parity of orders or persons.

Park

P`ARK, noun [Saxon parruc, pearruc; Scott. parrok; Welsh parc; French id.; Italian parco Spanish parque; Irish pairc. German Swedish park; Dutch perk.

It may be from the root of bar, but it coincides in elements with Latin parcus, saving, and the Teutonic bergen, to keep.]

A large piece of ground inclosed and privileged for wild beasts of chase, in England, by the king's grant or by prescription. To constitute a park, three things are required; a royal grant or license; inclosure by pales, a wall or hedge; and beasts of chase, as deer, &c.

Encyc.

Park of artillery, or artillery park, a place in the rear of both lines of an army for encamping the artillery, which is formed in lines, the guns in front, the ammunitionwagons behind the guns, and the pontoons and tumbrils forming the third line. The whole is surrounded with a rope. The gunners and matrosses encamp on the flanks; the bombardiers, pontoon-men and artificers in the rear.

Encyc.

Also, the whole train of artillery belonging to an army or division of troops.

Park of provisions, the place where the sutlers pitch their tents and sell provisions, and that where the bread wagons are stationed.

Park

P`ARK, v.t. To inclose in a park.

Shak.

Parker

P`ARKER, noun The keeper of a park.

Parkleaves

P`ARKLEAVES, noun A plant of the genus Hypericum.

Ainsworth. Lee.

Parlance

P`ARLANCE, noun [Norm. from French parler, to speak; part. parlant, Italian parlante.] Conversation; discourse; talk.

Woodeson.

Parle

PARLE, n.p`arl Conversation; talk; oral treaty or discussion. [Not used.] [See Parley.]

Shak.

Parley

P`ARLEY, v.i. [French parler, Italian parlare, Spanish parlar, Welsh parliaw, to speak; Italian bearla, language, from bearadh or beirim, to speak, to tell, relate, narrate, to bear, to carry; Gothic bairan, Saxon boeran to bear. Latin fero, or pario. So we have report, from Latin porto.]

In a general sense, to speak with another; to discourse; but appropriately, to confer with on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, to confer with an enemy; to treat with by words; as on an exchange of prisoners, on a cessation of arms, or the subject of peace.

Knolles. Broome.

Parley

P`ARLEY, noun Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; but appropriately, a conference with an enemy in war.

We yield on parley, but are storm'd in vain.

Dryden.

To beat a parley, in military language, to beat a drum or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

Parliament

P`ARLIAMENT, noun [French parlement; Spanish Italian Portugese parlamento; Armoric parlamand; composed of French parler, Spanish parlar, to speak, and the termination ment, as in complement, &c. noting state. See Parley.] Literally, a speaking, conference, mutual discourse or consultation; hence,

1. In Great Britain, the grand assembly of the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the commons; the general council of the nation constituting the legislature, summoned by the king's authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws. Primarily, the king may be considered as a constituent branch of parliament; but the word is generally used to denote the three estates above named, consisting of two distinct branches, the house of lords and house of commons.

The word parliament was introduced into England under the Norman kings. The supreme council of the nation was called under the Saxon kings, wittenagemote, the meeting of wise men or sages.

2. The supreme council of Sweden, consisting of four estates; the nobility and representatives of the gentry; the clergy, one of which body is elected from every rural deanery of ten parishes; the burghers, elected by the magistrates and council of every corporation; and the peasants, elected by persons of their own order.

3. In France, before the revolution, a council or court consisting of certain noblemen.

Parliamentarian

PARLIAMENTA'RIAN, or PARLIAMENTEE'R, noun One of those who adhered to the parliament in the time of Charles I.

Aubrey.

Parliamentarian

PARLIAMENTA'RIAN, adjective Serving the parliament in opposition to king Charles I.

Wood.

Parliamentary

PARLIAMENT'ARY, adjective Pertaining to parliament; as parliamentary authority.

2. Enacted or done by parliament; as a parliamentary act.

3. According to the rules and usages of parliament, or to the rules and customs of legislative bodies.

Parlor

P`ARLOR, noun [French parloir; Italian Spanish parlatorio; Welsh parlawr; from French parler, Spanish parlar, to speak.]

Primarily, the apartment in a nunnery where the nuns are permitted to meet and converse with each other; hence with us, the room in a house which the family usually occupy when they have no company, as distinguished from a drawing room intended for the reception of company, or from a dining room, when a distinct apartment is allotted for that purpose. In most houses, the parlor is also the dining room.

Parlous

P`ARLOUS, adjective [from French parler, to speak.]

Keen; sprightly; waggish. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Parochial

PARO'CHIAL, adjective [from Latin parochia.] Belonging to a parish; as parochial clergy; parochial duties.

Atterbury.

Parochiality

PAROCHIAL'ITY, noun The state of being parochial.

Mariot.

Parochian

PARO'CHIAN, adjective Pertaining to a parish.

Bacon.

Parochian

PARO'CHIAN noun [supra.] A parishioner.

Burghley.

Parodic

PAROD'IC, PAROD'ICAL, adjective [See Parody] Copying after the manner of parody.

Warton.

Parody

PAR'ODY, noun [French parodie; Greek; and, ode.]

1. A kind of writing in which the words of an author or his thoughts are, by some slight alterations, adapted to a different purpose; a kind of poetical pleasantry, in which verses written on one subject, are altered and applied to another by way of burlesque.

Johnson. Encyc.

2. A popular maxim, adage or proverb.

Encyc.

Parody

PAR'ODY, v.t. To alter, as verses or words, and apply to a purpose different from that of the original.

I have translated, or rather parodied a poem of Horace.

Pope.

Parol

PAROL, or PARO'LE, noun [Welsh paryl; Italian parola; French parole, to speak; or contracted from Latin parabola.]

1. Properly, a word; hence, in a legal sense, words or oral declaration; word of mouth. Formerly, conveyances were made by parol or word of mouth only.

Blackstone.

2. Pleadings in a suit; as anciently all pleadings were viva voce or ore tenus.

The parol may demur.

Blackstone.

Parol

PAROL, or PARO'LE, adjective Given by word of mouth; oral; not written; as parol evidence.

Blackstone.

[It would be well to write this word parole in uniformity with the following, there being no good reason for a distinction.]

Parole

PARO'LE, noun [See Parol.] Word of mouth. In military affairs, a promise given by a prisoner of war, when he has leave to depart from custody, that he will return at the time appointed, unless discharged. A parole is properly a verbal or unwritten promise, but I believe it is customary to take a promise in writing.

2. A word given out every day in orders by a commanding officer, in camp of garrison, by which friends may be distinguished from enemies.

Encyc.

Paronomasia

PARONOMA'SIA, or PARONOM'ASY, noun [from Greek, to transgress law or rule.]

A rhetorical figure, by which words nearly alike in sound, but of different meanings, are affectedly or designedly used; a play upon words; a pun. [See Pun.]

Encyc.

Paronomastic

PARONOMAS'TIC, or PARONOMAS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to paronomasy; consisting in a play upon words.

More.

Paronychia

PARONYCH'IA, noun [Greek; by, and, the nail.] In surgery, a whitlow or felon.

Encyc.

Paronymous

PARON'YMOUS, adjective [Greek; and, name.] Resembling another word.

Watts.

Paroquet

PAR'OQUET, or PAR'OKET, noun A small species of parrot.

Grew.

[More properly perroquet, which see.]

Parotid

PAROT'ID, adjective [Greek, near, and, ear.]

Pertaining to or denoting certain glands below and before the ears, or near the articulation of the lower jaw. The parotid glands secrete a portion of the saliva.

Parr. Coxe. Grew.

Parotis

PARO'TIS, noun [Greek. See Parotid.]

1. The parotid gland; a secreting salivary conglomerate gland below and before the ear.

Parr.

2. An inflammation or abscess of the parotid gland.

Quincy.

Paroxysm

PAR'OXYSM, noun [Greek, from, to excite or sharpen; and, sharp.]

An exasperation or exacerbation of a disease; a fit of higher excitement or violence in a disease that has remissions or intermissions; as the paroxysm of a fever or gout.

Encyc.

Paroxysmal

PAROXYS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to paroxysm; as a paroxysmal disposition.

Asiat. Res.

Parrel

PAR'REL, noun [Portugese aparelho, from aparelhar, to prepare; Spanish aparejo. tackle and rigging, from aparejar, to prepare, Latin paro. It coincides with apparel, which see.]

Among seamen, an apparatus or frame made of ropes, trucks and ribs, so contrived as to go round the mast, and being fastened at both ends to a yard, serves to hoist it.

Encyc.

Parricidal

PARRICI'DAL, or PARRICID'IOUS, adjective [See Parricide.] Pertaining to parricide; containing the crime of murdering a parent or child.

2. Committing parricide.

Parricide

PAR'RICIDE, noun [French from Latin paricida, from pater, father, and coedo, to kill.]

1. A person who murders his father or mother.

2. One who murders an ancestor, or any one to whom he owes reverence. Blackstone applies the word to one who kills his child.

3. The murder of a parent or one to whom reverence is due.

Bacon.

4. One who invades or destroys any to whom he owes particular reverence, as his country or patron.

Parried

PAR'RIED, participle passive [See Parry.] Warded off; driven aside.

Johnson.

Parrot

PAR'ROT, noun [supposed to be contracted from French perroquet.]

1. The name of fowls of the genus Psittacus, of numerous species. The bill is hooked and the upper mandible movable. The hooked bill of the parrot is used in climbing. These fowls are found almost every where in tropical climates. They breed in hollow trees and subsist on fruits and seeds. They are also remarkable for the faculty of making indistinct articulations of words in imitation of the human voice.

2. A fish found among the Bahama isles, esteemed to be delicate food and remarkable for the richness of its colors.

Pennant.

Parry

PAR'RY, verb transitive [French parer; Italian parare, to adorn, to parry; Spanish parar, to stop; Portugese id. to stop, to parry; from the root of pare, to cut off, to separate. See Pare.]

1. In fencing, to ward off; to stop or to put or turn by; as, to parry a thrust.

2. To ward off; to turn aside; to prevent a blow from taking effect.

3. To avoid; to shift off.

The French government has parried the payment of our claims.

E. Everett.

Parry

PAR'RY, verb intransitive To ward off; to put by thrusts or strokes; to fence.

Locke.

Parrying

PAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Warding off, as a thrust or blow.

Parse

PARSE, v. t. p'ars. [from Latin pars, part, or one of the Shemitic roots, to divide, or to spread.]

In grammar, to resolve a sentence into its elements, or to show the several parts of speech composing a sentence, and their relation to each other by government or agreement.

Parsimonious

PARSIMO'NIOUS, adjective [See Parsimony.] Sparing in the use or expenditure of money; covetous; near; close. It differs from frugal, in implying more closeness or narrowness of mind, or an attachment to property somewhat excessive, or a disposition to spend less money than is necessary or honorable.

Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long parsimonious war will drain us of more men and money.

Addison.

[It is sometimes used in a good sense for frugal.]

Parsimoniously

PARSIMO'NIOUSLY, adverb With a very sparing use of money; covetously.

Parsimoniousness

PARSIMO'NIOUSNESS, noun A very sparing use of money, or a disposition to save expense.

Parsimony

P'ARSIMONY, noun [Latin parsimonia, from parcus, saving, literally close. Parcus seems to be from the root of the German, Dutch bergen. Saxon beorgan, to save or keep, park. So in Russian beregu is to keep or save, whence berejlivei, parsimonious. And this seems to be the root of burg, a borough, originally a fortified hill or castle.]

Closeness or sparingness in the use or expenditure of money; sometimes used perhaps in a good sense, implying due or justifiable caution in expenditure, in which sense it differs little from frugality and economy. More generally, it denotes an excessive caution or closeness; in which case, it is allied to covetousness, but it implies less meanness than niggardliness. It generally implies some want of honorable liberality.

The ways to enrich are many; parsimony is one of the best, and yet is not innocent, for it withholdeth men from works of liberality.

Bacon.

Parsley

P`ARSLEY, noun [French persil; Spanish perexil; Portugese perrexil; Italian petroselino, corrupted to petrosemolo; Saxon peterselige; German petersilie; Dutch pieterselie; Swedish persilia; Danish petersille, persille; Irish peirsil; Welsh perllys; Latin petroselinon; Greek; a stone, and, parsley; stone-parsley, a plant growing among rocks.]

A plant of the genus Apium. The leaves of parsley are used in cookery, and the root is an aperient medicine.

Parsnep

P`ARSNEP, noun [The last syllable of this word is the Saxon naepe, Latin napus, which occurs also in turnep.]

A plant of the genus Pastinaca. The root of the garden parsnep is deemed a valuable esculent.

Parson

PARSON, n. p`arsn. [German pfarrherr, pfarrer, lord of the pfarre, benefice or living. I know not from what root pfarre is derived. See Parish.]

1. The priest of a parish or ecclesiastical society; the rector or incumbent of a parish, who has the parochial charge or cure of souls. It is used in this sense by all denominations of christians; but among independents or congregationalists it is merely a colloquial word.

2. A clergyman; a man that is in orders or has been licensed to preach.

Shak.

Parsonage

P`ARSONAGE, noun In America, the glebe and house belonging to a parish or lecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance of the incumbent or settled pastor of a church.

2. In England, the benefice of a parish, or the house appropriated to the residence of the incumbent.

Addison. Gray.

Parsonically, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized word.

Part

P`ART, noun [Latin pars, partis; French part; Spanish Italian parte; Welsh parth; from, or, or, which in the Shemitic languages signify to separate, to break.]

1. A portion, piece or fragment separated from a whole thing; as, to divide an orange into five parts.

2. A portion or quantity of a thing not separated in fact, but considered or mentioned by itself. In what part of England is Oxford situated? So we say, the upper part or lower part, the fore part, a remote part, a small part, or a great part.

The people stood at the nether part, of the mount. Exodus 19.

3. A portion of number, separated or considered by itself; as a part of the nation or congregation.

4. A portion or component particle; as the component parts of a fossil or metal.

5. A portion of man; as the material part or body, or the intellectual part, the soul or understanding; the perishable part; the immortal part.

6. A member.

All the parts were formed in his mind into one harmonious body.

Locke.

7. Particular division; distinct species or sort belonging to a whole; as all the parts of domestic business or of a manufacture.

8. Ingredient in a mingled mass; a portion in a compound.

9. That which falls to each in division; share; as, let me bear my part of the danger.

Dryden.

10. Proportional quantity; as four parts of lime with three of sand.

11. Share; concern; interest.

Sheba said, we have no part in David. 2 Samuel 20.

12. Side; party; interest; faction.

And make whole kingdoms take her brother's part.

Waller.

13. Something relating or belonging to; that which concerns; as for your part; for his part; for her part.

For my part, I have no servile end in my labor.

Wotton.

14. Share of labor, action or influence; particular office or business.

Accuse not nature, she hath done her part,

Do thou but thine.

Milton.

15. Character appropriated in a play. The parts of the comedy were judiciously cast and admirably performed.

16. Action; conduct.

Shak.

17. In mathematics, such a portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity. Thus 3 is a part of 12. It is the opposite of multiple.

Parts, in the plural, qualities; powers; faculties; accomplishments.

Such licentious parts tend for the most part to the hurt of the EnglishÃ‚--

Spenser.

Parts, applied to place, signifies quarters, regions, districts.

When he had gone over those parts, and had given them much exhortation, he came into Greece. Acts 20.

All parts resound with tumults, plaints and fears.

Dryden.

In general, parts is used for excellent or superior endowments, or more than ordinary talents. This is what we understand by the phrase, a man of parts.

In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner; not in displeasure.

God accepteth it in good part at the hands of faithful man.

Hooker.

In ill part, as ill done; unfavorably; with displeasure.

For the most part, commonly; oftener than otherwise.

Heylin.

In part, in some degree or extent; partly.

Logical part, among schoolmen, a division of some universal as its whole; in which sense, species are parts of a genus, and individuals are parts of a species.

Encyc.

Physical parts, are of two kinds, homogeneous and heterogeneous; the first is of the same denomination; the second of different ones.

Aliquot part, is a quantity which being repeated any number of times, becomes equal to an integer. Thus 6 is an aliquot part of 24.

Aliquant part, is a quantity which being repeated any number of times, becomes greater or less than the whole, as 5 is an aliquant part of 17.

Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words of a particular character. Thus the noun is a part of speech, denoting the names of things, or those vocal sounds which usage has attached to things. The verb is a part of speech expressing motion, action or being.

Part

P`ART, verb transitive [Latin partio; French partir; Welsh parthu.]

1. To divide, separate or break; to sever into two or more pieces.

2. To divide into shares; to distribute. Acts 2.

3. To separate or disunite, as things which are near each other. Ruth 1.

4. To keep asunder; to separate. A narrow sea parts England from France.

5. To separate, as combatants. Night parted the armies.

6. To secern; to secrete.

The liver minds his own affair,

And parts and strains the vital juices.

Prior.

7. In seamen's language, to break; as, the ship parted her cables.

8. To separate metals.

Part

P`ART, verb intransitive To be separated, removed or detached.

Powerful hands will not part

Easily from possession won with arms.

Milton.

2. To quit each other.

He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.

Shak.

3. To take or bid farewell.

Swift.

4. To have a share.

They shall part alike. 1 Samuel 30.

5. [French partir.] To go away; to depart.

Thy father

Embraced me, parting for th' Etrurian land.

Dryden.

6. To break; to be torn asunder. The cable parted.

To part with, to quit; to resign; to lose; to be separated from; as, to part with near friends.

Celia, for thy sake I part

With all that grew so near my heart.

Waller.

Partable

PARTABLE. [See Partible.]

Partage

P`ARTAGE, noun Division; severance; the act of dividing or sharing; a French word. [Little used.]

Locke.

Partake

PARTA'KE, verb intransitive pret. partook; pp. partaken. [part and take.]

1. To take a part, portion or share in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; usually followed by of, sometimes less properly by in. All men partake of the common bounties of Providence. Clodius was at the feast, but could not partake of the enjoyments.

2. To have something of the property, nature, claim or right.

The attorney of the duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney general.

Bacon.

3. To be admitted; not to be excluded.

Shak.

Partake

PARTA'KE, verb transitive To have a part in; to share.

My royal father lives;

Let every one partake the general joy.

Dryden.

[This is probably elliptical, of being omitted.]

2. To admit to a part. [Not used.]

Shak.

Partaken

PARTA'KEN, participle passive Shared with others; participated.

Partaker

PARTA'KER, noun One who has or takes a part, share or portion in common with others; a sharer; a participator; usually followed by of.

If the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual thingsÃ‚-- Romans 15.

Sometimes followed by in.

Wish me partaker in thy happinessÃ‚--

Shak.

If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets. Matthew 23.

2. An accomplice; an associate.

When thou sawest a thief, thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers. Ps. 1.

Partaking

PARTA'KING, participle of the present tense Sharing with others; participating.

Partaking

PARTA'KING, noun An associating; combination in an evil design.

Hale.

Parted

P`ARTED, participle passive Separated; divided; severed.

Sidney.

Parter

P`ARTER, noun One that parts or separates.

Parterre

PARTERRE, n. parta're. [French] In gardening, a level division of ground furnished with evergreens and flowers; sometimes cut into shell and scroll work with alleys.

Encyc.

Partial

P`ARTIAL, adjective [French from Latin pars; Italian parziale.]

1. Biased to one party; inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more than the other; not indifferent. It is important to justice that a judge should not be partial.

Self-love will make men partial to themselves and friends.

Locke.

2. Inclined to favor without reason. Authors are partial to their wit, and critics to their judgment.

3. Affecting a part only; not general or universal; not total. It has been much disputed whether the deluge was partial or total.

All partial evil, universal good.

Pope.

4. More strongly inclined to one thing than to others. [Colloquial.]

5. In botany, subordinate; applied to subdivisions; as a partial umbel or umbellicle; a partial peduncle. A partial involucre is placed at the foot of a partial umbel.

Partialist

P`ARTIALIST, noun One who is partial. [Unusual.]

Bp. Morton.

Partiality

PARTIALITY, n. parshal'ity. Inclination to favor one party or one side of a question more than the other; an undue bias of mind towards one party or side, which is apt to warp the judgment. Partiality springs from the will and affections, rather than from a love of truth and justice.

2. A stronger inclination to one thing than to others; as a partiality for poetry or painting; a colloquial use.

Partialize

P`ARTIALIZE, verb transitive To render partial. [Not used.]

Shak.

Partially

P`ARTIALLY, adverb With undue bias of mind to one party or side; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially.

2. In part; not totally; as, the story may be partially true; the body may be partially affected with disease; the sun and moon are often partially eclipsed.

Partibility

PARTIBIL'ITY, noun [See Partible.] Susceptibility of division, partition or severance; separability; as the partibility of an inheritance.

Partible

P`ARTIBLE, adjective [Italian partibile, partire, to part.]

Divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be partible.

Blackstone.

Participable

PARTIC'IPABLE, adjective [See Participate.] That may be participated or shared.

Norris.

Participant

PARTIC'IPANT, adjective [See Participate.] Sharing; having a share or part; followed by of.

The prince saw he should confer with one participant of more than monkish speculations.

Wotton.

Participant

PARTIC'IPANT, noun A partaker; one having a share or part.

Bacon.

Participate

PARTIC'IPATE, verb intransitive [Latin participo; pars, part, and capio, to take.]

1. To partake; to have a share in common with others. The heart of sensibility participates in the sufferings of a friend. It is sometimes followed by of.

He would participate of their wants.

Hayward.

2. To have part of more things than one.

Few creatures participate of the nature of plants and metals both.

Bacon.

Participate

PARTIC'IPATE, verb transitive To partake; to share; to receive a part of.

Fellowship

Such as I seek, fit to participate

All rational delightÃ‚--

Milton.

Participated

PARTIC'IPATED, participle passive Shared in common with others; partaken.

Participating

PARTIC'IPATING, participle of the present tense Having a part or share; partaking.

Participation

PARTICIPA'TION, noun The state of sharing in common with others; as a participation of joys or sorrows.

2. The act or state of receiving or having part of something.

Those deities are so by participation, and subordinate to the Supreme.

Stillingfleet.

3. Distribution; division into shares.

Raleigh.

Participative

PARTIC'IPATIVE, adjective Capable of participating.

Participial

PARTICIP'IAL, adjective [Latin participialis. See Participle.]

1. Having the nature and use of a participle.

2. Formed from a participle; as a participial noun.

Participially

PARTICIP'IALLY, adverb In the sense or manner of a participle.

Participle

P`ARTICIPLE, noun [Latin participium, from participo; pars, part, and capio, to take.]

1. In grammar, a word so called because it partakes of the properties of a noun and of a verb; as having, making, in English; habens, faciens, in Latin. The English participles having, making, become nouns by prefixing the to them; as the having of property; the making of instruments. But all participles do not partake of the properties of a noun, as the passive participles for example, had, made.

Participles sometimes lose the properties of a verb and become adjectives, as willing, in the phrase, a willing heart; engaging, as engaging manners; accomplished, as an accomplished orator.

2. Any thing that participates of different things. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Particle

P`ARTICLE, noun [Italian particola; French particule; Latin particula, from pars, part.]

1. A minute part or portion of matter; as a particle of sand, of lime or of light.

2. In physics, a minute part of a body, an aggregation or collection of which constitutes the whole body or mass. The word is sometimes used in the same sense as atom, in the ancient Epicurean philosophy, and corpuscle in the latter. In this sense, particles are the elements or constituent parts of bodies.

Encyc.

3. Any very small portion or part; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or virtue; he would not resign a particle of his property.

4. In the Latin church, a crumb or little piece of consecrated bread.

Encyc.

5. In grammar, a word that is not varied or inflected; as a preposition.

Organic particles, very minute moving bodies, perceptible only by the help of the microscope, discovered in the semen of animals.

Encyc.

Particular

PARTIC'ULAR, adjective [Spanish Portugese id.; Italian particolare; French particulier; Low Latin particularis, from particula.]

1. Pertaining to a single person or thing; not general; as, this remark has a particular application.

2. Individual; noting or designating a single thing by way of distinction. Each plant has its particular nutriment. Most persons have a particular trait of character. He alludes to a particular person.

3. Noting some property or thing peculiar.

Of this prince there is little particular memory.

Bacon.

4. Attentive to things single or distinct; minute. I have been particular in examining the reasons of this law.

5. Single; not general.

6. Odd; singular; having something that eminently distinguishes one from others.

7. Singularly nice in taste; as a man very particular in his diet or dress.

8. Special; more than ordinary. He has brought no particular news.

9. Containing a part only; as a particular estate, precedent to the estate in remainder.

Blackstone.

10. Holding a particular estate; as a particular tenant.

Blackstone.

Particular

PARTIC'ULAR, noun A single instance; a single point.

I must reserve some particulars, which it is not lawful for me to reveal.

Bacon.

2. A distinct, separate or minute part; as, he told me all the particulars of the story.

Addison.

3. An individual; a private person.

L'Estrange.

4. Private interest; as, they apply their minds to those branches of public prayer, wherein their own particular is moved. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

5. Private character; state of an individual.

For his particular, I will receive him gladly. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. A minute detail of things singly enumerated.

The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written. [Not in use.]

Ayliffe.

In particular, specially; peculiarly; distinctly.

This, in particular, happens to the lungs.

Blackmore.

Particularity

PARTICULAR'ITY, noun Distinct notice or specification of particulars.

Ã‚--Even descending to particularities, what kingdoms he should overcome.

Sidney.

2. Singleness; individuality; single act; single case.

Hooker.

3. Petty account; minute incident.

To see the titles that were most agreeable to such an emperorÃ‚--with the like particularitiesÃ‚--

Addison.

4. Something belonging to single persons.

Shak.

5. Something peculiar or singular.

I saw an old heathen altar with this particularity, that it was hollowed like a dish at one end, but not the end on which the sacrifice was laid.

Addison.

6. Minuteness in detail. He related the story with great particularity.

Particularize

PARTIC'ULARIZE, verb transitive To mention distinctly or in particulars; to enumerate or specify in detail.

He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from Benjamin.

Atterbury.

Particularize

PARTIC'ULARIZE, verb intransitive To be attentive to single things.

Herbert.

Particularly

PARTIC'ULARLY, adverb Distinctly; singly.

South.

2. In an especial manner.

This exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character.

Dryden.

Particulate

PARTICULATE, to mention, is not in in use.

Parting

P`ARTING, participle of the present tense [from part.] Dividing; separating; breaking in pieces.

2. adjective Given at separation; as a parting kiss or look.

3. Departing; declining; as the parting day.

Pope.

Parting

P`ARTING, noun Division; separation. Ezekiel 21.

2. In chemistry, an operation by which gold and silver are separated from each other by different menstruums.

3. In seamen's language, the breaking of a cable by violence.

Partisan

P`ARTISAN, n. s as z. [French from parti, partir.]

1. An adherent to a party or faction.

Addison.

2. In war, the commander of a party or detachment of troops, sent on a special enterprise; hence,

3. By way of distinction, a person able in commanding a party, or dextrous in obtaining intelligence, intercepting convoys or otherwise annoying an enemy.

4. A commander's leading staff.

Ainsworth.

5. A kind of halbert. [French pertuisane; Italian partigiano.]

Partite

P`ARTITE, adjective [Latin partitus, from partio, to divide. See Part.]

In botany, divided. A partite leaf is a simple leaf separated down to the base.

Lee.

Partition

PARTI'TION, noun [Latin partitio, from partio, to divide.]

1. The act of dividing, or state of being divided.

2. Division; separation; distinction.

And good from bad find no partition.

Shak.

3. Separate part; as lodged in a small partition.

Milton.

4. That by which different parts are separated; as a partition of wood or stone in a building.

5. Part where separation is made.

No sight could pass

Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.

Dryden.

6. Division of an estate into severalty, which is done by deed of partition.

Blackstone.

Partition

PARTI'TION, verb transitive To divide into distinct parts; as, to partition the floor of a house.

2. To divide into shares; as, to partition an estate.

Partitive

P`ARTITIVE, adjective In grammar, distributive; as a noun partitive.

Partitively

P`ARTITIVELY, adverb In a partitive manner; distributively.

Lilly.

Partlet

P`ARTLET, noun [from part.] A ruff; a band or collar for the neck. Obs.

Hall.

2. A hen. Obs.

Shak.

Partly

P`ARTLY, adverb In part; in some measure or degree; not wholly.

Partner

P`ARTNER, noun [from part.] One who partakes or shares with another; a partaker; an associate; as, she is partner of my life, of my joys, of my griefs.

Those of the race of Shem were no partners in the unbelieving work of the tower.

Raleigh.

2. An associate in any business or occupation; a joint owner of stock or capital, employed in commerce, manufacturers or other business. Men are sometimes partners in a single voyage or adventure, sometimes in a firm or standing company.

3. One who dances with another, either male or female, as in a contra dance.

4. A husband or wife.

Partner

P`ARTNER, verb transitive To join; to associate with a partner. [Little used.]

Shak.

Partners, in a ship, pieces of plank nailed round the scuttles in a deck where the masts are placed; also, the scuttles themselves.

Mar. Dict.

Partnership

P`ARTNERSHIP, noun The association of two or more persons for the purpose of undertaking and prosecuting any business, particularly trade or manufactures, at their joint expense. In this case, the connection is formed by contract; each partner furnishing a part of the capital stock and being entitled to a proportional share of profit, or subject to a proportional share of loss; or one or more of the partners may furnish money or stock, and the other or others contribute their services. The duration of the partnership may be limited by the contract, or it may be left indefinite, subject to be dissolved by mutual agreement. A partnership or association of this kind is a standing or permanent company, and is denominated a firm or house. We say, A and B entered into partnership for the importation and sale of goods, or for manufacturing cotton or glass.

Partnerships may be and usually are associations of private persons, not incorporated. In other cases, the company is incorporated. Banking companies in the United States are usually incorporated, and are essentially partnerships, but do not bear that name. Manufacturing companies are also frequently incorporated.

2. Joint interest or property.

Dryden.

Partook

PARTOOK', preterit tense of partake.

Partridge

P`ARTRIDGE, noun [French perdrix; Italian pernice; Spanish perdiz; Latin perdix; Greek; Dutch patrys; Irish patrisg.]

A wild fowl of the genus Tetrao. (Linn.) Latham arranges the partridge and quail in a genus under the name of Perdix, and assigns the grous to the genus Tetrao. The partridge is esteemed a great delicacy at the table.

The term partridge is applied in Pennsylvania to the bird called quail in New England, a peculiar species of Perdix; in New England it is applied to the ruffed grous, a species of Tetrao.

Parturiate

PARTU'RIATE, verb intransitive [Latin parturio, from partus, birth, from pario, to bear.] To bring forth young. [Little used.]

Parturient

PARTU'RIENT, adjective [Latin parturiens.] Bringing forth or about to bring forth young.

Parturition

PARTURI'TION, noun [Latin parturio.] The act of bringing forth or being delivered of young.

Encyc.

Party

P`ARTY, noun [French partie, from Latin pars. See Part.]

1. A number of persons united in opinion or design, in opposition to others in the community. It differs from faction, in implying a less dishonorable association, or more justifiable designs. Parties exist in all governments; and free governments are the hot-beds of party. Formerly, the political parties in England were called whigs and tories.

2. One of two litigants; the plaintiff or defendant in a lawsuit.

The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Exodus 22.

3. One concerned or interested in an affair. This man was not a party to the trespass or affray. He is not a party to the contract or agreement.

4. Side; persons engaged against each other.

The peace both parties want, is like to last.

Dryden.

Small parties make up in diligence what they want in numbers.

Johnson.

5. Cause; side.

AEgle came in to make their party good.

Dryden.

6. A select company invited to an entertainment; as a dining party, a tea party, an evening party.

7. A single person distinct from or opposed to another.

If the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony.

Davies.

8. In military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops sent on a particular duty, as to intercept the enemy's convoy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to flank the enemy, &c.

Party is used to qualify other words and may be considered either as part of a compound word, or as an adjective; as party man, party rage, party disputes, &c.

Party-Colored

P`ARTY-COLORED, adjective Having divers colors; as a party-colored plume; a party-colored flower.

Party-Jury

P`ARTY-JURY, noun A jury consisting of half natives and half foreigners.

Party-Man

P`ARTY-MAN, noun One of a party; usually, a factious man; a man of violent party principles; an abettor of a party.

Party-Spirit

P`ARTY-SPIRIT, noun The spirit that supports a party.

Party-Wall

P`ARTY-WALL, noun A wall that separates one house from the next.

Moxon.

Paru

PAR'U, noun A singular American fish.

Parvis

P`ARVIS, noun [French] A church or church porch. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Parvitude

P`ARVITUDE, or P`ARVITY, noun Littleness. [Not used.]

Pas

PAS, noun [French pas, a step.] Right of going foremost; precedence. [Not used.]

Arbuthnot.

Pasch

PASCH, noun [See Paschal.] The passover; the feast of Easter. [Not used.]

Paschal

PAS'CHAL, adjective [Latin pascha; Greek; from the Hebrew]

Pertaining to the passover, or to Easter.

Pasch-Egg

PASCH-EGG, noun An egg stained and presented to young persons, about the time of Easter. [Local.]

Pash

PASH, noun [Spanish faz, Latin facies, face.] A face. [Not used.]

Hanmer.

2. A blow. [Not used.]

Pash

PASH, verb transitive To strike; to strike down. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Pashaw

PASHAW', noun [Pers. pashaw.] In the Turkish dominions, a viceroy, governor or commander; a bashaw.

Castle. Eaton.

Pashawlic

PASHAW'LIC, noun The jurisdiction of a pashaw.

Pasigraphy

PASIG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, all, and, writing.]

A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations.

Good.

Pasque-Flower

PASQUE-FLOWER, n. pask'-flower. A flower, a species of anemone.

Farm. of Plants.

Pasquil

PAS'QUIL, or PAS'QUIN, noun A mutilated statue at Rome, in a corner of the palace of Ursini, so called from a cobbler of that name who was remarkable for his sneers and gibes. On this statue it has been customary to paste satiric papers. Hence, a lampoon.

Encyc. Cyc.

Pasquil

PAS'QUIL, or PAS'QUIN, or PASQUINA'DE, verb transitive To lampoon; to satirize.

Burton.

Pasquiler

PAS'QUILER, noun A lampooner.

Burton.

Pasquinade

PASQUINA'DE, noun A lampoon or satirical writing.

Tatler.

Pass

P`ASS, verb intransitive [French passer, Italian passare, Spanish pasar, Portugese passar, to pass; German pass, fit, which is the pat, and as a noun, a pass, a defile, an ambling, pace; passen, to be fit, to suit; Dutch pas, a pace, a step, a pass, a passage, a defile, time, season; van pas, fit, convenient, pat in time; passen, to fit, to try, to mind, tend, or wait on, to make ready, to pass; Danish pas, a pass or passport, a mode or medium; passer, to be fit, to suit, to be applicable; passerer, to pass, to come or go over; Swedish pass, a pass or passage, a passport; passa, to fit, to suit, to adapt, to become; passera, to pass; Welsh pÃƒ-¢s, that is expulsive, that causes to pass, a pass, an exit, a cough, hopping-cough; pasiaw, to pass, to cause an exit, to expel; Spanish pasar, to pass, go or travel, to bring or convey, to penetrate, to exceed or surpass, to depart, to suffer, bear, undergo, [Latin patior, whence passion.] to happen or come to pass; pasear, to walk; paseo, a walking, a gait; paso, a pace, a step, gait, [Greek]; Italian passare, to pass; passo, a pace, a step; passabile, tolerable; passibile, suffering. We observe that this word unites pass, the Latin patior, to suffer, and peto, competo, in the sense of fit. The Greek, to walk or step, and, to suffer, are from the same root. The word pass coincides with Latin passus, a step, and this is from pando, to extend; n being casual, the original word was pado. The radical sense is to stretch, reach, extend, to open; a pace is the reach of the foot, and fitness is from reaching or coming to, like convenient. We learn from this word that the sense of suffering is from extending, holding on, or

continuing. See in the introduction. Arabic to pass; Hebrew, Chaldee. Class Bd. No. 45. 64. and Bs or Bz. No. 52. 53. 70.]

1. To move, in almost any manner; to go; to proceed from one place to another. A man may pass on foot, on horseback or in a carriage; a bird and a meteor pass through the air; a ship passes on or through the water; light passes from the sun to the planets; it passes from the sun to the earth in about eight minutes.

2. To move from one state to another; to alter or change, or to be changed in condition; as, to pass from health to sickness; to pass from just to unjust.

Temple.

3. To vanish; to disappear; to be lost. In this sense, we usually say, to pass away.

Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass.

Dryden.

4. To be spent; to go on or away progressively.

The time when the thing existed, is the idea of that space of duration which passed between some fixed period and the being of that thing.

Locke.

5. To die; to depart from life. [Little used.]

Shak.

6. To be in any state; to undergo; with under; as, to pass under the rod.

7. To be enacted; to receive the sanction of a legislative house or body by a majority of votes.

Neither of these bills has yet passed the house of commons.

Swift.

8. To be current; to gain reception or to be generally received. Bank bills pass as a substitute for coin.

False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood.

Felton.

9. To be regarded; to be received in opinion or estimation.

This will not pass for a fault in him, till it is proved to be one in us.

Atterbury.

10. To occur; to be present; to take place; as, to notice what passes in the mind.

Watts.

11. To be done.

Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to defile them.

Taylor.

12. To determine; to give judgment or sentence.

Though well we may not pass upon his life.

Shak.

13. To thrust; to make a push in fencing or fighting.

Shak.

14. To omit; to suffer to go unheeded or neglected. We saw the act, but let it pass.

15. To move through any duct or opening; as, substances in the stomach that will not pass, nor be converted into aliment.

Arbuthnot.

16. To percolate; to be secreted; as juices that pass from the glands into the mouth.

17. To be in a tolerable state.

A middling sort of man was left well enough by his father to pass, but he could never think he had enough, so long as any had more.

L'Estrange.

18. To be transferred from one owner to another. The land article passed by livery and seizin.

19. To go beyond bounds. Obs. For this we generally use surpass.

Shak.

20. To run or extend; as a line or other thing. The north limit of Massachusetts passes three miles north of the Merrimac.

To come to pass, to happen; to arrive; to come; to be; to exist; a phrase much used in the Scriptures.

To pass away, to move from sight; to vanish.

2. To be spent; to be lost.

A good part of their lives passes away without thinking.

Locke.

To pass by, to move near and beyond. He passed by as we stood in the road.

To pass on, to proceed.

To pass over, to go or move from side to side; to cross; as, to pass over to the other side.

To pass into, to unite and blend, as two substances or colors, in such a manner that it is impossible to tell where one ends and the other begins.

Pass

P`ASS, v.t. To go beyond. The sun has passed the meridian. The young man has not passed the age of frivolousness.

2. To go through or over; as, to pass a river.

3. To spend; to live through; as, to pass time; to pass the night in revelry, and the day in sleep.

4. To cause to move; to send; as, to pass the bottle from one guest to another; to pass a pauper from one town to another; to pass a rope round a yard; to pass the blood from the right to the left ventricle of the heart.

Derham.

5. To cause to move hastily.

I had only time to pass my eye over the medals, which are in great number.

Addison.

6. To transfer from one owner to another; to sell or assign; as, to pass land from A to B by deed; to pass a note or bill.

7. To strain; to cause to percolate; as, to pass wine through a filter.

Bacon.

8. To utter; to pronounce; as, to pass compliments; to pass sentence or judgment; to pass censure on another's works.

Watts.

9. To procure or cause to go.

Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.

Clarendon.

10. To put an end to.

This night

We'll pass the business privately and well.

Shak.

11. To omit; to neglect either to do or to mention.

I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.

Dryden.

12. To transcend; to transgress or go beyond; as, to pass the bounds of moderation.

13. To admit; to allow; to approve and receive as valid or just; as, to pass an account at the war-office.

14. To approve or sanction by a constitutional or legal majority of votes; as, the house of representatives passed the bill. Hence,

15. To enact; to carry through all the forms necessary to give validity; as, the legislature passed the bill into a law.

16. To impose fraudulently; as, she passed the child on her husband for a boy.

Dryden.

17. To practice artfully; to cause to succeed; as, to pass a trick on one.

18. To surpass; to excel; to exceed.

19. To thrust; to make a push in fencing.

To see thee fight, to see thee pass thy puncto.

Shak.

To pass away, to spend; to waste; as, to pass away the flower of life in idleness.

To pass by, to pass near and beyond.

2. To overlook; to excuse; to forgive; not to censure or punish; as, to pass by a crime or fault.

3. To neglect; to disregard.

Certain passages of Scripture we cannot pass by without injury to truth.

Burnet.

To pass over, to move from side to side; to cross; as, to pass over a river or mountain.

2. To omit; to overlook or disregard. He passed over one charge without a reply.

Pass

P`ASS, noun [Welsh pÃƒ-¢s.] A narrow passage, entrance or avenue; a narrow or difficult place of entrance and exit; as a pass between mountains.

Encyc. Clarendon.

2. A passage; a road.

Raleigh.

3. Permission to pass, to go or to come; a license to pass; a passport.

A gentleman had a pass to go beyond the seas.

Clarendon.

A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy.

Kent.

4. An order for sending vagrants or impotent persons to their place of abode.

Johnson.

5. In fencing and fighting, a thrust; a push; attempt to stab or strike; as, to make a pass at an antagonist.

6. State; condition or extreme case; extremity.

To what a pass are our minds brought.

Sidney.

Matters have been brought to this passÃ‚--

South.

Pass-Parole

P'ASS-PARO'LE, noun [pass and parole.] In military affairs, a command given at the head of an army and communicated by word of mouth to the rear.

Encyc.

Passable

P`ASSABLE, adjective [Italian passabile.] That may be passed, traveled or navigated. The roads are not passable. The stream is passable in boats.

2. That may be penetrated; as a substance passable by a fluid.

3. Current; receivable; that may be or is transferred from hand to hand; as bills passable in lieu of coin. False coin is not passable.

4. Popular; well received.

Bacon.

5. Supportable. [This should be passible.]

Dryden.

Passably

P`ASSABLY, adverb Tolerably. [See Passibly.]

Passade

PASSA'DE, or PASSA'DO, noun A push or thrust.

Passade

PASSA'DE, noun [French] In the menage, a turn or course of a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground.

Encyc.

Passage

P`ASSAGE, noun [French passage; Spanish pasage; Italian passaggio.]

1. The act of passing or moving by land or water, or through the air or other substance; as the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a fowl; the passage of light or a meteor; the passage of fluids through the pores of the body, or from the glands. Clouds intercept the passage of solar rays.

2. The time of passing from one place to another. What passage had you? We had a passage of twenty five days to Havre de Grace, and of thirty eight days from England.

3. Road; way; avenue; a place where men or things may pass or be conveyed.

Temple.

And with his pointed dart,

Explores the nearest passage to his heart.

Dryden.

4. Entrance or exit.

What! are my doors opposed against my passage?

Shak.

5. Right of passing; as, to engage a passage on board a ship bound to India.

6. Occurrence; event; incident; that which happens; as a remarkable passage in the life of Newton. [See the Spanish verb, supra. This sense is obsolescent.]

7. A passing away; decay. [Little used.]

Shak.

8. Intellectual admittance; mental reception.

Among whom I expect this treatise will have a fairer passage than among those deeply imbued with other principles.

Digby.

9. Manner of being conducted; management.

On consideration of the conduct and passage of affairs in former timesÃ‚--

Davies.

10. Part of a book or writing; a single clause, place or part of indefinite extent.

How commentators each dark passage shun.

Young.

11. Enactment; the act of carrying through all the regular forms necessary to give validity; as the passage of a law, or of a bill into a law, by a legislative body.

Hopkinson. Wheaton's Rep.

Bird of passage, a fowl that passes at certain seasons from one climate to another, as in autumn to the south to avoid the winter's cold, and in spring to the north for breeding. Hence the phrase is sometimes applied to a man who has no fixed residence.

Passager

P`ASSAGER, noun [French from passage; Italian passaggiere.]

A traveler or voyager; one who passes or journeys on foot, in a vehicle, or in a ship or boat. This word is usually written corruptly passenger, and the first vowel is often short.

Passed

P`ASSED, or P`AST, participle passive Gone by; done; accomplished; ended.

2. Enacted; having received all the formalities necessary to constitute a law.

Passenger

P`ASSENGER, noun One who is traveling, as in a public coach, or in a ship, or on foot. This is the usual, though corrupt orthography.

Passenger falcon, a kind of migratory hawk.

Ainsworth.

Passer

P`ASSER, noun One that passes; a passenger.

Rowe.

Passerine

P`ASSERINE, adjective [Latin passer, a sparrow.] Pertaining to sparrows, or to the order of birds to which sparrows belong, the Passeres.

Passibility

PASSIBIL'ITY, noun [French passibilitÃƒ-©, from passible. See Passion.]

The quality or capacity of receiving impressions from external agents; aptness to feel or suffer.

Hakewill.

Passible

PAS'SIBLE, adjective [French passible; Italian passibile. See Passion.]

Susceptible of feeling or of impressions from external agents.

Apollinarius held even Deity to be passible.

Hooker.

Passibleness

PASSIBLENESS, the same as passibility.

Passing

P`ASSING, participle of the present tense Moving; proceeding.

2. adjective Exceeding; surpassing; eminent.

Fairfax.

3. Adverbially used to enforce or enhance the meaning of another word; exceedingly; as passing fair; passing strange.

Passing-Bell

P`ASSING-BELL, noun The bell that rings at the hour of death to obtain prayers for the passing soul. It is also used for the bell that rings immediately after death.

Swift.

Passingly

P`ASSINGLY, adverb Exceedingly. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Passing-Note

P`ASSING-NOTE, noun In music, a note introduced between two others for the purpose of softening a distance or melodizing a passage.

Busby.

Passion

PAS'SION, noun [Latin passio, from patior, to suffer.]

1. The impression or effect of an external agent upon a body; that which is suffered or received.

A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and when set in motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.

Locke.

2. Susceptibility of impressions from external agents.

The differences of moldable and not moldable, &c., and many other passions of matter, are plebelian notions. [Little used.]

Bacon.

3. Suffering; emphatically, the last suffering of the Savior.

To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts 1.

4. The feeling of the mind, or the sensible effect of impression; excitement, perturbation or agitation of mind; as desire, fear, hope, joy, grief, love, hatred. The eloquence of the orator is employed to move the passions.

5. Violent agitation or excitement of mind, particularly such as is occasioned by an offense, injury or insult; hence, violent anger.

Watts.

6. Zeal; ardor; vehement desire.

When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country.

Addison.

7. Love.

He owned his passion for Amestris.

Rowe.

8. Eager desire; as a violent passion for fine clothes.

Swift.

Passion

PAS'SION, v.i. To be extremely agitated. [Not used.]

Shak.

Passion-Flower

PAS'SION-FLOWER, noun A flower and plant of the genus Passiflora.

Passion-Week

PAS'SION-WEEK, noun The week immediately preceding the festival of Easter; so called because in that week our Savior's passion and death took place.

Passionary

PAS'SIONARY, noun A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs.

Warton.

Passionate

PAS'SIONATE, adjective [Italian passionato; French passionnÃƒ-©.]

1. Easily moved to anger; easily excited or agitated by injury or insult; applied to persons.

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.

Prior.

2. Highly excited; vehement; warm; applied to things; as passionate affection; passionate desire; passionate concern.

3. Expressing strong emotion; animated; as passionate eloquence.

Passionate

PAS'SIONATE, verb transitive To affect with passion; to express passionately. [Not used.]

Spenser. Shak.

Passionately

PAS'SIONATELY, adverb With passion; with strong feeling; ardently; vehemently; as, to covet any thing passionately; to be passionately fond.

2. Angrily; with vehement resentment; as, to speak passionately.

Passionateness

PAS'SIONATENESS, noun State of being subject to passion or anger.

2. Vehemence of mind.

Boyle.

Passioned

PAS'SIONED, adjective Disordered; violently affected.

Spenser.

2. Expressing passion.

Spenser.

Passionless

PAS'SIONLESS, adjective Not easily excited to anger; of a calm temper.

Shelton.

2. Void of passion.

Passive

P`ASSIVE, adjective [Italian passivo; Spanish pasivo; French passif; Latin passivus, from passus, patior, to suffer.]

1. Suffering; not acting, receiving or capable of receiving impressions from external agents. We were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas.

Locke.

God is not in any respect passive.

Bradwardine.

2. Unresisting; not opposing; receiving or suffering without resistance; as passive obedience; passive submission to the laws. Passive verb, in grammar, is a verb which expresses passion, or the effect of an action of some agent; as in Latin doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved and admired by her friends; he is assailed by slander.

Passive obedience, as used by writers on government, denotes not only quiet unresisting submission to power, but implies the denial of the right of resistance, or the recognition of the duty to submit in all cases to the existing government.

Passive prayer, among mystic divines, is a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet and yielding only to the impulses of grace.

Encyc.

Passive commerce, trade in which the productions of a country are carried by foreigners in their own bottoms. [See Active commerce.]

Passively

P`ASSIVELY, adverb With a passive nature or temper; with a temper disposed to submit to the acts of external agents, without resistance.

Dryden.

2. Without agency.

Pearson.

3. According to the form of the passive verb.

Lilly.

Passiveness

P`ASSIVENESS, noun Quality of receiving impressions from external agents or causes; as the passiveness of matter.

2. Passibility; capacity of suffering.

We shall lose our passiveness with our being.

Decay of Piety.

3. Patience; calmness; unresisting submission.

Fell.

Passivity

PASSIV'ITY, noun Passiveness, which see. [Little used.]

Cheyne.

2. The tendency of a body to persevere in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body.

Good.

Passless

P`ASSLESS, adjective Having no passage.

Cowley.

Passover

P`ASSOVER, noun [pass and over.] A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the providential escape of the Hebrews, in Egypt, when God smiting the first-born of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites, which were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb.

2. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover.

Passport

P`ASSPORT, noun [French passeport; passer, to pass, and porter, to carry; Italian passaporto; Spanish pasaporte.]

1. A written license from a king or other proper authority, granting permission or safe conduct for one to pass through his territories, or to pass from one country to another, or to navigate a particular sea without hindrance or molestation.

2. A license for importing or exporting contraband goods or movables without paying the usual duties.

3. That which enables one to pass with safety or certainty.

His passport is his innocence and grace.

Dryden.

Passy-Measure

PAS'SY-MEASURE, noun [Italian pasamezzo, middle pace or step.]

An old stately kind of dance; a cinque-pace. Obs.

Shak.

Past

P`AST, participle passive of pass. Gone by or beyond; not present; not future.

2. Spent; ended; accomplished.

Past

P`AST, noun Elliptically, past time; as indemnity for the past.

Fenton.

Past

P`AST, preposition Beyond in time. Hebrews 11.

2. Having lost; not possessing; as, he was past sense of feeling.

3. Beyond; out of reach of; as, he was past cure or help.

Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame.

L'Estrange.

4. Beyond; further than; as past the boundary.

5. Above; more than.

The northern Irish Scots have bows not past three quarters of a yard long.

Spenser.

[Not now used.]

6. After; beyond in time. The company assembled at half past seven, that is, at half an hour after seven.

Paste

PASTE, noun [French pÃƒ-¢te, for paste; Italian Spanish pasta. Qu. Latin pistus, or Greek, to sprinkle, or some root which signifies to mix and knead.]

1. A soft composition of substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to the consistence of dough. Paste made of flour is used in cookery; paste made of flour or earth, is used in various arts and manufactures, as a cement.

2. An artificial mixture in imitation of precious stones or gems, used in the glass trade.

Encyc.

3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.

Paste

PASTE, verb transitive To unite or cement with paste; to fasten with paste.

Watts.

Pasteboard

PASTEBOARD, noun A species of thick paper formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or by macerating paper and casting it in molds, &c. It is used for the covering of books, for bonnets, &c.

Pastel

PAS'TEL, noun A plant, the woad, of the genus Isatis.

Ed. Encyc. Ainsworth.

2. A coloring substance. [Spanish]

Pastern

PAS'TERN, noun [French pÃƒ-¢turon.] The part of a horse's leg between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the hoof.

Encyc.

2. The human leg; in contempt.

Dryden.

Pastern-Joint

PAS'TERN-JOINT, noun The joint in a horse's leg next the foot.

Pasticcio

PASTIC'CIO, noun [Italian] A medley; an olio.

Swinburne.

Pastil

PAS'TIL, noun [Latin pastillus; Italian pastiglia; French pastille. See Paste.]

1. A roll of paste, or a kind of paste made of different colors ground with gum-water in order to make crayons.

Encyc.

2. In pharmacy, a dry composition of sweet smelling resins, aromatic woods, &c. burnt to clear and scent the air of a room.

Encyc.

Pastime

P`ASTIME, noun [pass and time.] Sport; amusement; diversion; that which amuses and serves to make time pass agreeably.

Milton. Watts.

Pastime

P`ASTIME, verb intransitive To sport; to use diversion. [Little used.]

Pastor

P`ASTOR, noun [Latin from pasco, pastum, to feed, Greek, Welsh pesgi, Armoric pasqa, French paÃƒ-®tre, for paistre, like naÃƒ-®tre, from Latin nasco; Russian pastovuyu, pasu. It seems to be allied to bush, Dutch bosch, German busch, Swedish buska, Danish busk, as browse is to brush; Italian brusca; Greek.]

1. A shepherd; one that has the care of flocks and herds.

Dryden.

2. A minister of the gospel who has the charge of a church and congregation, whose duty is to watch over the people of his charge, and instruct them in the sacred doctrines of the christian religion.

South. Swift.

Pastoral

P`ASTORAL, adjective [Latin pastoralis.] Pertaining to shepherds; as a pastoral life; pastoral manners.

2. Descriptive of the life of shepherds; as a pastoral poem.

3. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as pastoral care or duties; a pastoral letter.

Hooker. Dryden.

Piety is the life and soul of pastoral fidelity.

H. Humphrey.

Pastoral

P`ASTORAL, noun A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action of a shepherd, and in which the speakers take upon themselves the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.

Pope.

A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life.

Rambler.

Pastorate

P`ASTORATE, noun The office, state or jurisdiction of a spiritual pastor.

President Stiles. Tooke.

Pastorlike

P`ASTORLIKE, or P`ASTORLY, adjective Becoming a pastor.

Milton.

Pastorship

P`ASTORSHIP, noun The office or rank of pastor.

Bull.

Pastry

PASTRY, noun [from paste.] Things in general which are made of paste, or of which paste constitutes a principal ingredient, as pies, tarts, cake and the like.

2. The place where pastry is made.

Shak.

Pastry-Cook

PASTRY-COOK, noun One whose occupation is to make and sell articles made of paste.

Arbuthnot.

Pasturable

P`ASTURABLE, adjective [from pasture.] Fit for pasture.

Pasturage

P`ASTURAGE, noun [French pÃƒ-¢turage. See Pasture.]

1. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

Spenser.

2. Grazing ground; land appropriated to grazing.

Addison.

3. Grass for feed.

Arbuthnot.

Pasture

P`ASTURE, noun [French pÃƒ-¢ture, for pasture, from Latin pasco, pastum, to feed, Greek.]

1. Grass for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.

Brown.

2. Ground covered with grass appropriated for the food of cattle. The farmer has a hundred acres of pasture. It is sometimes called pasture-land.

3. Human culture; education. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Common of pasture, is the right of feeding cattle on another's ground.

Pasture

P`ASTURE, verb transitive To feed on grass or to supply grass for food. We apply the word to persons, as the farmer pastures fifty oxen; or to ground, as the land will pasture fifty oxen.

Pasture

P`ASTURE, verb intransitive To graze; to take food by eating grass from the ground.

Milton.

Pasty

PASTY, adjective Like paste; of the consistence of paste.

Cooper.

Pasty

PASTY, noun [from paste.] A pie made of paste and baked without a dish.

Pope. King.

Pat

PAT, adjective [German pass; Dutch pas. See Fit and Pass.] Fit; convenient; exactly suitable either as to time or place. [Not an elegant word, but admissible in burlesque.]

Atterbury. Swift.

Pat

PAT, adverb Fitly; conveniently.

Shak.

Pat

PAT, noun [Welsh fat, a blow; fatiaw, to strike lightly, to pat. Qu. French patte.]

A light quick blow or stroke with the fingers or hand.

Pat

PAT, verb transitive To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to tap.

Gay pats my shoulder and you vanish quite.

Pope.

Pataca

PATA'CA, or PATACOON', noun [from the Spanish] A Spanish coin of the value of 4s. 8d. sterling, or about $1,04 cents.

Spanish Dict.

Patache

PATA'CHE, noun [Spanish] A tender or small vessel employed in conveying men or orders from one ship or place to another.

Spanish Dict.

Patavinity

PATAVIN'ITY, noun The use of local words, or the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; so denominated from Patavium or Padua, the place of his nativity.

Encyc. Lempriere.

Patch

PATCH, noun [Italian pezza, a piece; French piece, Armoric pez, Spanish pieza. Qu.]

1. A piece of cloth sewed on a garment to repair it.

Dryden.

2. A small piece of any thing used to repair a breach.

3. A small piece of silk used to cover a defect on the face, or to add a charm.

4. A piece inserted in mosaic or variegated work.

Locke.

5. A small piece of ground, or a small detached piece.

Shak.

6. A paltry fellow. This use is sometimes heard in vulgar language; as a cross-patch.

Patch

PATCH, verb transitive To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces; as, to patch a coat.

2. To adorn with a patch or with patches.

In the middle boxes were several ladies who patched both sides of their faces.

Spectator.

3. To mend with pieces; to repair clumsily.

Shak.

4. To repair with pieces fastened on; as, to patch the roof of a house.

5. To make up of pieces and shreds.

Raleigh.

6. To dress in a party-colored coat.

Shak.

7. To make suddenly or hastily; to make without regard to forms; as, to patch up a peace.

Patched

PATCH'ED, participle passive Mended with a patch or patches; mended clumsily.

Patcher

PATCH'ER, noun One that patches or botches.

Patchery

PATCH'ERY, noun Bungling work; botchery; forgery.

Shak.

Patching

PATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Mending with a piece or pieces; botching.

Patchwork

PATCH'WORK, noun Work composed of pieces of various figures sewed together.

Swift.

2. Work composed of pieces clumsily put together.

Swift.

Pate

PATE, noun [Qu. Irish bathas, a top; or Spanish Italian patena.]

1. The head, or rather the top of the head; applied to persons, it is now used in contempt or ridicule.

2. The skin of a calf's head.

3. In fortification, a kind of platform resembling what is called a horse shoe.

Encyc.

Pated

PA'TED, adjective In composition, having a pate; as long-pated, cunning; shallow-pated, having weak intellect.

Patee

PATEE', or PATTEE', noun In heraldry, a cross small in the center, and widening to the extremities which are broad.

Encyc.

Patefaction

PATEFAC'TION, noun [Latin patefactio; pateo, to open, and facio, to make.]

The act of opening or manifesting; open declaration.

Pearson.

Patelliform

PATEL'LIFORM, adjective [Latin patella, a dish, and form] Of the form of a dish or saucer.

Barton.

Patellite

PAT'ELLITE, noun Fossil remains of the patella, a shell.

Paten

PAT'EN, or PAT'IN, noun [Latin patina.] A plate. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. In the Romish church, the cover of the chalice, used for holding particles of the host.

Bp. Bedell.

Patent

PAT'ENT, adjective [French from Latin patens, from pateo, to open; Greek, Chaldee to open, dilate or expand; Syriac Samaritan id. Class Bd. No.63. 64. 65.] Open; spread; expanded.

1. In botany, spreading; forming an acute angle with the stem or branch; as a patent leaf.

Martyn.

2. Open to the perusal of all; as letters patent. [See Letter.]

3. Appropriated by letters patent.

MadderÃ‚--in the time of Charles the first, was made a patent commodity.

Mortimer.

4. Apparent; conspicuous.

Horseley.

Patent

PAT'ENT, noun A writing given by the proper authority and duly authenticated, granting a privilege to some person or persons. By patent, or letters patent, that is, open letters, the king of Great Britain grants lands, honors and franchises.

Patent

PAT'ENT, verb transitive To grant by patent.

2. To secure the exclusive right of a thing to a person; as, to patent an invention or an original work to the author.

Patented

PAT'ENTED, participle passive Granted by patent; secured by patent or by law as an exclusive privilege.

Patentee

PATENTEE', noun One to whom a grant is made or a privilege secured by patent or by law.

Patenting

PAT'ENTING, participle of the present tense Granting by patent; securing as a privilege.

Patent-Rolls

PATENT-ROLLS, noun The records or registers of patents.

Paternal

PATERN'AL, adjective [French paternel; Latin paternus, from pater, father.]

1. Pertaining to a father; fatherly; as paternal care or affection; paternal favor or admonition.

2. Derived from the father; hereditary; as a paternal estate.

Dryden. Addison.

Paternity

PATERN'ITY, noun [French paternitÃƒ-©; Italian paternitÃƒ- .] Fathership; the relation of a father.

The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than paternity and eldership.

Raleigh.

Paternoster

PA'TERNOSTER, noun [Latin our father.] The Lord's prayer.

Path

P`ATH, noun plu. paths. [Saxon path, poeth, or paad, paat; Dutch pad; German pfad; Sanscrit patha; Greek, from, to tread. The sense of path is beaten, trod; but the primary sense of treading, stepping, is probably to open, stretch, extend.]

1. A way beaten or trodden by the feet of man or beast, or made hard by wheels; that part of a highway on which animals or carriages ordinarily pass; applied to the ground only, and never to a paved street in a city.

2. Any narrow way beaten by the foot.

3. The way, course or track where a body moves in the atmosphere or in space; as the path of a planet or comet; the path of a meteor.

4. A way or passage.

5. Course of life.

He marketh all my paths. Job 33.

6. Precepts; rules prescribed.

Uphold my goings in thy paths. Psalm 17.

7. Course of providential dealings; moral government.

All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth to such as keep his covenant. Psalm 25.

Path

P`ATH, verb transitive [Saxon peththian.] To make a path by treading; to beat a path, as in snow.

U. States.

2. To push forward; to cause to go; to make way for.

Shak.

Path

P`ATH, verb intransitive To walk abroad.

Shak.

Pathetic

PATHET'IC, or PATHET'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, passion; to suffer.]

Affecting or moving the passions, particularly pity, sorrow, grief or other tender emotion; as a pathetic song or discourse; pathetic expostulation.

Spectator.

No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic.

E. Porter.

Pathetic

PATHET'IC, noun Style or manner adapted to awaken the passions, especially tender emotions.

A musician at Venice is said to have so excelled in the pathetic, as to be able to play any of his auditors into distraction.

Encyc.

Pathetically

PATHET'ICALLY, adverb In such a manner as to excite the tender passions.

Patheticalness

PATHET'ICALNESS, noun The quality of moving the tender passions.

Pathfly

P`ATHFLY, noun A fly found in foot-paths.

Pathic

PATH'IC, noun [from the Greek.] A catamite; a male that submits to the crime against nature.

Gillies.

Pathless

P`ATHLESS, adjective Having no beaten way; untrodden; as a pathless forest; a pathless coast.

Prior.

Pathognomonic

PATHOGNOMON'IC, adjective [Greek; passion or suffering, and, from, to know.]

Indicating that which is inseparable from a disease, being found in that and in no other; hence, indicating that by which a disease may be certainly known; characteristic; as pathognomonic symptoms.

Pathognomy

PATHOG'NOMY, noun [Greek and, signification.]

Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated.

Good.

Pathologic

PATHOLOG'IC, or PATHOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Pathology.] Pertaining to pathology.

Pathologically

PATHOLOG'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of pathology.

Pathologist

PATHOL'OGIST, noun One who treats of pathology.

Pathology

PATHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, passion, suffering, and, discourse.]

That part of medicine which explains the nature of diseases, their causes and symptoms; or the doctrine of the causes and nature of diseases, comprehending nosology, etiology, symptomatology, and therapeutics.

Encyc. Coxe.

Pathos

PA'THOS, noun [Greek from, to suffer.] Passion; warmth or vehemence, in a speaker; or in language, that which excites emotions and passions.

Mason.

Pathway

P`ATHWAY, noun A path; usually, a narrow way to be passed on foot.

Gay.

2. A way; a course of life. Proverbs 12.

Patible

PAT'IBLE, adjective [Latin patibilis, from patior, to suffer.]

Sufferable; tolerable; that may be endured. [Not used.]

Dict.

Patibulary

PATIB'ULARY, adjective [French patibulaire, from Latin patibulum, a gallows.]

Belonging to the gallows, or to execution on the cross.

Dict.

Patience

PATIENCE, noun pa'shens. [French from Latin patientia, from patior, to suffer; Italian pazienza; Spanish Portugese paciencia. The primary sense is continuance, holding out, from extending. Hence we see the connection between pass, and Latin pando, passus, and Greek. See Pass.]

1. The suffering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation or other evil, with a calm, unruffled temper; endurance without murmuring or fretfulness. Patience may spring from constitutional fortitude, from a kind of heroic pride, or from christian submission to the divine will.

2. A calm temper which bears evils without murmuring or discontent.

3. The act or quality of waiting long for justice or expected good without discontent.

Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matthew 18.

4. Perseverance; constancy in labor or exertion.

He learnt with patience, and with meekness taught.

Harte.

5. The quality of bearing offenses and injuries without anger or revenge.

His rage was kindled and his patience gone.

Harte.

6. Sufferance; permission. [Not used.]

Hooker.

7. A plant, a species of rumex or dock.

Mortimer.

Patient

PATIENT, a. pa'shent. [French from Latin patiens.]

1. Having the quality of enduring evils without murmuring or fretfulness; sustaining afflictions of body or mind with fortitude, calmness or christian submission to the divine will; as a patient person, or a person of patient temper. It is followed by of before the evil endured; as patient of labor or pain; patient of heat or cold.

Ray.

2. Not easily provoked; calm under the sufferance of injuries or offenses; not revengeful.

Be patient towards all men. 1 Thessalonians 5.

3. Persevering; constant in pursuit or exertion; calmly diligent.

Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.

Newton.

4. Not hasty; not over eager or impetuous; waiting or expecting with calmness or without discontent.

Not patient to expect the turns of fate.

Prior.

Patient

PA'TIENT, noun A person or thing that receives impressions from external agents; he or that which is passively affected.

Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate, that it often involves the agent and the patient.

Gov. of the Tongue.

2. A person diseased or suffering bodily indisposition. It is used in relation to the physician; as, the physician visits his patient morning and evening.

3. It is sometimes used absolutely for a sick person.

It is wonderful to observe how inapprehensive these patients are of their disease.

Blackmore.

Patient

PA'TIENT, verb transitive To compose one's self. [Not used.]

Shak.

Patiently

PA'TIENTLY, adverb With calmness or composure; without discontent or murmuring. Submit patiently to the unavoidable evils of life.

2. With calm and constant diligence; as, to examine a subject patiently.

3. Without agitation, uneasiness or discontent; without undue haste or eagerness; as, to wait patiently for more favorable events.

Patin

PATIN. [See Paten.]

Patly

PAT'LY, adverb [from pat.] Fitly; conveniently.

Patness

PAT'NESS, noun [from pat.] Fitness; suitableness; convenience.

Barrow.

Patriarch

PA'TRIARCH, noun [Latin patriarcha; Greek; a family, from, father, and, a chief.]

1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs by paternal right. It is usually applied to the progenitors of the Israelites, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the sons of Jacob, or to the heads of families before the flood; as the antediluvian patriarchs.

2. A learned and distinguished character among the Jews.

3. In the christian church, a dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Ephesus.

Patriarchal

PATRIARCH'AL, or PATRIARCH'IC, adjective Belonging to patriarchs; possessed by patriarchs; as patriarchal power or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see.

2. Subject to a patriarch; as a patriarchal church.

Patriarchal cross, in heraldry, is that where the shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms being longer than the upper ones.

Encyc.

Patriarchate

PA'TRIARCHATE, or PA'TRIARCHSHIP, noun The office, dignity or jurisdiction of a patriarch or ecclesiastical superior.

Selden. Ayliffe.

Patriarchy

PA'TRIARCHY, noun The jurisdiction of a patriarch; a patriarchate.

Brerewood.

Patrician

PATRI'CIAN, adjective [French patricien; Latin patricius, from pater, father.]

Senatorial; noble; not plebeian. This epithet is derived from the Roman patres, fathers, the title of Roman senators; as patrician birth or blood; patrician families.

Addison.

Patrician

PATRI'CIAN, noun A nobleman. In the Roman state, the patricians were the descendants of the first Roman senators.

Patrimonial

PATRIMO'NIAL, adjective [French See Patrimony.] Pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as a patrimonial estate.

Patrimonially

PATRIMO'NIALLY, adverb By inheritance.

Davenant.

Patrimony

PAT'RIMONY, noun [Latin Patrimonium, from pater, father.]

1. A right or estate inherited from one's ancestors.

Dryden.

2. A church estate or revenue; as St. Peter's patrimony.

Patriot

PAT'RIOT, noun [French patriote, from Latin patria, one's native country, from pater, father.]

A person who loves his country, and zealously supports and defends it and its interests.

Such tears as patriots shed for dying laws.

Pope.

Patriot

PAT'RIOT, adjective Patriotic; devoted to the welfare of one's country; as patriot zeal.

Patriotic

PATRIOT'IC, adjective Full of patriotism; actuated by the love of one's country; as a patriotic hero or statesman.

2. Inspired by the love of one's country; directed to the public safety and welfare; as patriotic zeal.

Patriotism

PAT'RIOTISM, noun Love of one's country; the passion which aims to serve one's country, either in defending it from invasion, or protecting its rights and maintaining its laws and institutions in vigor and purity. Patriotism is the characteristic of a good citizen, the noblest passion that animates a man in the character of a citizen.

Patristic

PATRIS'TIC, or PATRIS'TICAL, adjective [from Latin pater, patres, fathers.]

Pertaining to the ancient fathers of the christian church.

M. Stuart.

Patrocinate

PATROC'INATE, verb transitive To patronize. [Not used.]

Patrocination

PATROCINA'TION, noun Countenance; support. [Not used.]

Hall.

Patrol

PATROL, or PATROLL, noun [French patrouille; Spanish patrulla; Portugese patrulha. See the Verb.]

1. In war, a round; a walking or marching round by a guard in the night, to watch and observe what passes, and to secure the peace and safety of a camp or other place.

2. The guard or persons who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty is to patroll.

In France, there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal regulations.

Hamilton.

Patroll

PATROLL, verb intransitive [French patrouiller, to paddle or puddle, to patroll, to fumble; Spanish patrullar. Hence the word seems to be formed from the name of the foot, pad or ped, paw. In our vulgar dialect, pad is used in the sense of walking or stepping about. It seems to be allied to Greek.]

To go the rounds in a camp or garrison; to march about and observe what passes; as a guard.

Encyc.

Patrolling

PATROLLING, participle of the present tense Going the rounds, as a guard.

Patron

PAT'RON, noun [Latin patronus; Greek, from, father.]

1. Among the Romans, a master who had freed his slave, and retained some rights over him after his emancipation; also, a man of distinction under whose protection another placed himself. Hence.

2. One who countenances, supports and protects either a person or a work.

Prior.

3. In the church of Rome, a guardian or saint, whose name a person bears, or under whose special care he is placed and whom he invokes; or a saint in whose name a church or order is founded.

Encyc.

4. In the canon or common law, one who has the gift and disposition of a benefice.

Encyc.

5. An advocate; a defender; one that specially countenances and supports, or lends aid to advance; as patrons of the arts; a patron of useful undertakings; the patrons of virtue.

Locke.

6. In seamen's language, the commander of a small vessel or passage-boat; also, one who steers a ship's long boat.

Patronage

PAT'RONAGE, noun Special countenance or support; favor or aid afforded to second the views of a person or to promote a design.

Sidney.

2. Guardianship, as of a saint.

Addison.

3. Advowson; the right of presentation to a church or ecclesiastical benefice.

Encyc.

Patronage

PAT'RONAGE, verb transitive To patronize or support. [Not used.]

Shak.

Patronal

PAT'RONAL, adjective Doing the office of a patron; protecting; supporting; favoring; defending. [Little used.]

Brown.

Patroness

PAT'RONESS, noun A female that favors, countenances or supports.

Now night came down, and rose full soon

That patroness of rogues, the moon.

Trumbull's M'Fingal.

2. A female guardian saint.

3. A female that has the right of presenting to a church living.

Patronize

PAT'RONIZE, verb transitive To support; to countenance; to defend; as a patron his client.

2. To favor; to lend aid to promote; as an undertaking.

Dryden.

3. To maintain; to defend; to support.

This idea has been patronized by two states only.

Hamilton.

Patronized

PAT'RONIZED, participle passive Defended; supported; favored; promoted.

Patronizer

PAT'RONIZER, noun One that supports, countenances or favors.

Patronizing

PAT'RONIZING, participle of the present tense Defending; supporting; favoring; promoting.

Patronless

PAT'RONLESS, adjective Destitute of a patron.

Shaftsbury.

Patronymic

PATRONYM'IC, noun [Greek; Latin patronymicus; from Greek, father, and, name.]

A name of men or women derived from that of their parents or ancestors; as Tydides, the son of Tydeus; Pelides, the son of Peleus, that is, Achilles.

Encyc.

Patten

PAT'TEN, noun [French patin, probably from the name of the foot.]

1. The base of a column or pillar.

Ainsworth.

2. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn to keep the shoes from the dirt or mud.

Camden. Gay.

Patten-Maker

PAT'TEN-MAKER, noun One that makes pattens.

Patter

PAT'TER, verb intransitive [from pat, to strike gently; or French patte, the foot.]

To strike, as falling drops of water or hail, with a quick succession of small sounds; as pattering hail.

Dryden.

The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard.

Thomson.

Pattering

PAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Striking with a quick succession of small sounds.

Pattern

PAT'TERN, noun [French patron; Armoric patroum; Dutch patroon. See Patron.]

1. An original or model proposed for imitation; the archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be copied or imitated, either in things or in actions; as the pattern of a machine; a pattern of patience. Christ was the most perfect pattern of rectitude, patience and submission ever exhibited on earth.

2. A specimen; a sample; a part showing the figure or quality of the whole; as a pattern of silk cloth.

3. An instance; an example.

Hooker.

4. Any thing cut or formed into the shape of something to be made after it.

Pattern

PAT'TERN, verb transitive To make in imitation of some model; to copy.

Shak.

2. To serve as an example to be followed.

Shak.

To pattern after, to imitate; to follow.

Patty

PAT'TY, noun [French pÃƒ-¢te, paste.] A little pie.

Patty-Pan

PAT'TY-PAN, noun A pan to bake a little pie in.

Patulous

PAT'ULOUS, adjective [Latin patulus, from pateo, to be open.]

Spreading, as a patulous calyx; bearing the flowers loose or dispersed, as a patulous peduncle.

Lee. Martyn.

Pauciloquy

PAUCIL'OQUY, noun [Latin paucus, few, and loquor, to speak.]

The utterance of few words. [Little used.]

Paucity

PAU'CITY, noun [Latin paucitas, from paucus, few.]

1. Fewness; smallness of number; as the paucity of schools.

Hooker.

2. Smallness of quantity; as paucity of blood.

Brown.

Paum

PAUM, verb transitive To impose by fraud; a corruption of palm.

Swift.

Paunch

PAUNCH, noun [French panse; Italian Spanish panza; Portugese panÃƒ-§a; Dutch pens; Basque, pantza; Latin pantex. Qu. German wanst.] The belly and its contents.

The paunch, in ruminating quadrupeds, is the first and largest stomach, into which the food is received before rumination.

Monro.

Paunch

PAUNCH, verb transitive To pierce or rip the belly; to eviscerate; to take out the contents of the belly.

Shak. Garth.

Pauper

PAUP'ER, noun [Latin pauper; French pauvre; Spanish pobre; Italian povero.]

A poor person; particularly, one so indigent as to depend on the parish or town for maintenance.

Pauperism

PAUP'ERISM, noun The state of being poor or destitute of the means of support; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community. The increase of pauperism is an alarming evil.

Pause

PAUSE, n. pauz. [Latin Spanish Italian pausa; French pause; Dutch poos; Swedish paus; German Danish pause; Greek, from, to cease, or cause to rest.]

1. A stop; a cessation or intermission of action, of speaking, singing, playing or the like; a temporary stop or rest.

Hooker. Locke.

2. Cessation proceeding from doubt; suspense.

I stand in pause where I shall first begin.

Shak.

3. Break or paragraph in writing.

Locke.

4. A temporary cessation in reading. The use of punctuation is to mark the pauses in writing. In verse, there are two kinds of pauses, the cesural and the final. The cesural pause divides the verse; the final pause closes it. The pauses which mark the sense, and which may be called sentential, are the same in prose and verse.

5. A mark of cessation or intermission of the voice; a point.

Pause

PAUSE, v. i. pauz. To make a short stop; to cease to speak for a time; to intermit speaking or action.

Pausing a while, thus to herself she mused.

Milton.

2. To stop; to wait; to forbear for a time.

Tarry, pause a day or two,

Before you hazard.

Shak.

3. To be intermitted. The music pauses.

To pause upon, to deliberate.

Shak. Knolles.

Pauser

PAUS'ER, n. s as z. One who pauses; one who deliberates.

Shak.

Pausing

PAUS'ING, participle of the present tense Stopping for a time; ceasing to speak or act; deliberating.

Pausingly

PAUS'INGLY, adverb After a pause; by breaks.

Shak.

Pavan

PAVAN', noun [Spanish pavana, from pavon, Latin pavo, a peacock.]

A grave dance among the Spaniards. In this dance, the performers make a kind of wheel before each other, the gentlemen dancing with cap and sword, princes with long robes, and the ladies with long trails; the motions resembling the stately steps of the peacock.

Encyc. Spanish Dict. Shak.

Pave

PAVE, verb transitive [French paver; Latin pavio, Greek, to beat, to strike.]

1. To lay or cover with stone or brick so as to make a level or convenient surface for horses, carriages or foot passengers; to floor with brick or stone; as, to pave a street; to pave a side-walk; to pave a court or stable.

2. To prepare a passage; to facilitate the introduction of. The invention of printing

paved the way for intellectual improvement.

Paved

PA'VED, participle passive Laid over with stones or bricks; prepared; as a way.

Pavement

PA'VEMENT, noun [Latin pavimentum.] A floor or covering consisting of stones or bricks, laid on the earth in such a manner as to make a hard and convenient passage; as a pavement of pebbles, of bricks, or of marble.

Pavement

PA'VEMENT, verb transitive To pave; to floor with stone or brick. [Unusual.]

Bp. Hall.

Paver

PA'VER, or PA'VIER, noun One who lays stones for a floor, or whose occupation is to pave.

Gay.

Pavilion

PAVILION, n. pavil'yun. [French pavillon; Spanish pabellon; Portugese pavilham; Armoric pavilhon; Welsh pabell; Italian paviglione and padiglione; Latin papilio, a butterfly, and a pavilion. According to Owen, the Welsh pabell signifies a moving habitation.]

1. A tent; a temporary movable habitation.

2. In architecture, a kind of turret or building, usually insulated and contained under a single roof; sometimes square and sometimes in the form of a dome. Sometimes a pavilion is a projecting part in the front of a building; sometimes it flanks a corner.

Encyc.

3. In military affairs, a tent raised on posts. The word is sometimes used for a flag, colors, ensign or banner.

4. In heraldry, a covering in form of a tent, investing the armories of kings.

5. Among jewelers, the under side and corner of brilliants, lying between the girdle and collet.

Pavilion

PAVIL'ION, verb transitive To furnish with tents.

Milton.

2. To shelter with a tent.

Pope.

Pavilioned

PAVIL'IONED, participle passive Furnished with pavilions; sheltered by a tent.

Paving

PA'VING, participle of the present tense Flooring with stones or bricks.

Paving

PA'VING, noun Pavement; a floor of stones or bricks.

Pavo

PA'VO, noun [Latin a peacock; Welsh paw, spreading.]

A constellation in the southern hemisphere, consisting of fourteen stars; also, a fish.

Pavone

PAVO'NE, noun [Latin pavo.] A peacock. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Pavonine

PAV'ONINE, adjective [Latin pavoninus, from pavo, a peacock.]

Resembling the tail of a peacock; iridescent.

Cleaveland.

Paw

PAW, noun [Welsh pawen, a paw, a hoof; Armoric pau; Hindoo, pauw; Pers. pai, the foot; perhaps contracted from pad or pat, as the Dutch have poot, and the French patte. If so, the word coincides in elements with Latin pes, pedis, Greek, foot, Greek.]

1. The foot of beasts of prey having claws, as the lion, the tiger, the dog, cat, &c. Leviticus 11.

2. The hand; in contempt.

Dryden.

Paw

PAW, verb intransitive To draw the fore foot along the ground; to scrape with the fore foot; as a fiery horse, pawing with his hoof.

Swift.

He paweth in the valley. Job 39.

Paw

PAW, verb transitive To scrape with the fore foot.

His hot courser paw'd th' Hungarian plain.

Tickel.

2. To handle roughly; to scratch.

3. To fawn; to flatter.

Ainsworth.

Pawed

PAW'ED, adjective Having paws.

2. Broad footed.

Johnson.

Pawky

PAWK'Y, adjective [from Saxon poecan, to deceive.] Arch; cunning. [Local.]

Grose.

Pawl

PAWL, noun [Welsh pawl, pole, Latin palus. See Pole.]

Among seamen, a short bar of wood or iron fixed close to the capstan or windlass of a ship to prevent it from rolling back or giving way.

Mar. Dict.

Pawn

PAWN, noun [Dutch pand; German pfand; Swedish pant; Portugese penhor; Italian pegno; Spanish empeÃƒ-±o; Latin pignus. The sense may be that which is laid down or deposited.]

1. Something given or deposited as security for the payment of money borrowed; a pledge. Pawn is applied only to goods, chattels or money, and not to real estate.

Men will not take pawns without use.

Bacon.

2. A pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.

Shak.

3. A common man at chess. [See Peon.]

Cowley.

In pawn, at pawn, the state of being pledged.

Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn.

Shak.

Pawn

PAWN, verb transitive [Dutch panden; Spanish empeÃƒ-±ar; Portugese empenhar; Italian impegnare; Latin pignero.]

1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to pledge; as, she pawned the last piece of plate.

2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; as, to pawn one's word or honor that an agreement shall be fulfilled.

Pawn-Broker

PAWN'-BROKER, noun One who lends money on pledge or the deposit of goods.

Arbuthnot.

Pawned

PAWN'ED, participle passive Pledged; given in security.

Pawnee

PAWNEE', noun The person to whom a pawn is delivered as security; one that takes any thing in pawn.

If the pawn is laid up and the pawnee robbed, he is not answerable.

Encyc.

Pawner

PAWN'ER, noun One that pledges any thing as security for the payment of borrowed money.

Pawning

PAWN'ING, participle of the present tense Pledging, as goods; giving as security.

Pax

PAX, noun [Latin pax, peace.] A little image or piece of board with the image of Christ upon the cross on it, which people before the reformation, used to kiss after the service; the ceremony being considered as the kiss of peace.

Todd.

Pay

PAY, verb transitive pret. and pp. paid. [French payer, Norm. pair, contracted from Italian pagare, Portugese Spanish pagar, Armoric paca. Class Bg. From the different applications of pay, the sense appears to be to send or send to, for in our vulgar language, to pay on, is to strike, to beat; and to pay with pitch, is to put on or rub over. In the sense of strike, this coincides with the Greek, Welsh payaw. In another seamen's phrase, the word signifies to loosen or slacken, as to pay out cable, that is, to send or extend. But this word cannot belong to the root of the Greek and Welsh words, unless these are contracted from Pg or Pk.]

1. To discharge a debt; to deliver to a creditor the value of the debt, either in money or goods, to his acceptance or satisfaction, by which the obligation of the debtor is discharged.

2. To discharge a duty created by promise or by custom or by the moral law; as, to pay a debt of honor or of kindness.

You have paid down

More penitence, than done trespass.

Shak.

3. To fulfill; to perform what is promised; as, to pay one's vows.

Scripture.

4. To render what is due to a superior, or demanded by civility or courtesy; as, to pay respect to a magistrate; to pay due honor to parents.

5. To beat.

For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.

B. Jonson.

6. To reward; to recompense; as, to pay for kindness with neglect.

Dryden.

To pay for, to make amends; to atone by suffering. Men often pay for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life.

2. To give an equivalent for any thing purchased.

To pay, or pay over, in seamen's language, to daub or besmear the surface of any body, to preserve it from injury by water or weather.

To pay the bottom of a vessel, to cover it with a composition of tallow, sulphur, rosin, &c.; to bream.

To pay a mast or yard, to besmear it with tar, turpentine, rosin, tallow or varnish.

To pay a seam, to pour melted pitch along it, so as to defend the oakum.

To pay off, to make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a ship.

To pay out, to slacken, extend or cause to run out; as, to pay out more cable.

Mar. Dict.

Pay

PAY, verb intransitive To pay off, in seamen's language, is to fall to leeward, as the head of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

To pay on, to beat with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloquial.]

Pay

PAY, noun Compensation; recompense; an equivalent given for money due, goods purchased or services performed; salary or wages for services; hire. The merchant receives pay for goods sold; the soldier receives pay for his services, but the soldiers of the American revolution never received full pay.

2. Compensation; reward.

Here only merit constant pay receivesÃ‚--

Pope.

Payable

PA'YABLE, adjective [French] That may or ought to be paid. In general, money is payable as soon as it is due, or at the time payment is stipulated, or at the expiration of the credit; but by the usage of merchants, three or more days of grace are allowed to the debtor; and a note due at the day when payment is promised, is not payable till the expiration of the days of grace.

2. That can be paid; that there is power to pay.

Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest.

South.

Pay-Bill

PA'Y-BILL, noun A bill of money to be paid to the soldiers of a company.

Pay-Day

PA'Y-DAY, noun The day when payment is to be made or debts discharged; the day on which wages or money is stipulated to be paid.

Locke.

Payee

PAYEE', noun The person to whom money is to be paid; the person named in a bill or note to whom the amount is promised or directed to be paid.

Payer

PAY'ER, noun One that pays. In bills of exchange, the person on whom the bill is drawn, and who is directed to pay the money to the holder.

Paymaster

PA'YMASTER, noun One who is to pay; one from whom wages or reward is received.

Taylor.

2. In the army, an officer whose duty is to pay the officers and soldiers their wages, and who is entrusted with money for this purpose.

Payment

PA'YMENT, noun The act of paying, or giving compensation.

Bacon.

2. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfillment of a promise.

Shak.

3. Reward; recompense.

South.

4. Chastisement; sound beating. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Paynim

PAYNIM. [See Painim.]

Pay-Office

PA'Y-OFFICE, noun A place or office where payment is made of public debts.

Payse

PAYSE, or PAYSER, for poise, poiser, not used.

Spenser.

Pea

PEA, noun [Saxon pisa; French pois; Italian pisello; Latin pisum; Greek; Welsh pys, pysen; Irish pis.]

A plant and its fruit of the genus Pisum, of many varieties. This plant has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, called in popular language a pod. In the plural, we write peas, for two or more individual seeds, but pease, for an indefinite number in quantity or bulk. We write two, three or four peas, but a bushel of pease. [This practice is arbitrary.]

Peace

PEACE, noun [Saxon Norm. pais; French paix; Italian pace; Spanish Portugese paz; Armoric peoch, from peoh; Latin pax. Qu. Russian pokoi. The elements are Pg, or their cognates, for the Latin has paco, to appease, coinciding with the root of pack, and signifying to press or to stop.]

1. In a general sense, a state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; applicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of the mind.

2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation; public quiet.

3. Freedom from internal commotion or civil war.

4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits or disturbance.

5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance by the passions, as from fear, terror, anger, anxiety or the like; quietness of mind; tranquillity; calmness; quiet of conscience.

Great peace have they that love thy law. Psalm 119.

6. Heavenly rest; the happiness of heaven. Isaiah 57.

7. Harmony; concord; a state of reconciliation between parties at variance.

8. Public tranquillity; that quiet, order and security which is guaranteed by the laws; as, to keep the peace; to break the peace.

This word is used in commanding silence or quiet; as, peace to this troubled soul.

Peace, the lovers are asleep.

Crashaw.

To be at peace, to be reconciled; to live in harmony.

To make peace, to reconcile, as parties at variance.

To hold the peace, to be silent; to suppress one's thoughts; not to speak.

Peaceable

PE'ACEABLE, adjective Free from war, tumult or public commotion. We live in peaceable times. The reformation was introduced in a peaceable manner.

2. Free from private feuds or quarrels. The neighbors are peaceable. These men are peaceable.

3. Quiet; undisturbed; not agitated with passion. His mind is very peaceable.

4. Not violent, bloody or unnatural; as, to die a peaceable death.

Peaceableness

PE'ACEABLENESS, noun The state of being peaceable; quietness.

2. Disposition to peace.

Hammond.

Peaceably

PE'ACEABLY, adverb Without war; without tumult or commotion; without private feuds and quarrels.

2. Without disturbance; quietly; without agitation; without interruption.

Peacebreaker

PE'ACEBREAKER, noun One that violates or disturbs public peace.

Peaceful

PE'ACEFUL, adjective Quiet; undisturbed; not in a state of war or commotion; as a peaceful time; a peaceful country.

2. Pacific; mild; calm; as peaceful words; a peaceful temper.

3. Removed from noise or tumult; still; undisturbed; as the peaceful cottage; the peaceful scenes of rural life.

Peacefully

PE'ACEFULLY, adverb Without war or commotion.

2. Quietly; without disturbance.

Our loved earth, where peacefully we slept.

Dryden.

3. Mildly; gently.

Peacefulness

PE'ACEFULNESS, noun Quiet; freedom from war, tumult, disturbance or discord.

2. Freedom from mental perturbation; as peacefulness of mind.

Peaceless

PE'ACELESS, adjective Without peace; disturbed.

Sandys.

Peacemaker

PE'ACEMAKER, noun One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance.

Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God. Matthew 5.

Peace-Offering

PE'ACE-OFFERING, noun An offering that procures peace. Among the Jews, an offering or sacrifice to God for atonement and reconciliation for a crime or offense.

Leviticus.

Peace-Officer

PE'ACE-OFFICER, noun A civil officer whose duty is to preserve the public peace, to prevent or punish riots, &c.; as a sheriff, or constable.

Peace-Parted

PE'ACE-PARTED, adjective Dismissed from the world in peace.

Shak.

Peach

PEACH, noun [French pÃƒ-ªche; Italian pesca; Armoric pechesen.]

A tree and its fruit, of the genus Amygdalus, of many varieties. This is a delicious fruit, the produce of warm or temperate climates. In America, the peach thrives and comes to perfection in the neighborhood of Boston, northward of which it usually fails.

Peach

PEACH, for impeach, not used.

Dryden.

Peach-Color

PE'ACH-COLOR, noun The pale red color of the peach blossom.

Peach-Colored

PEA'CH-COLORED, adjective Of the color of a peach blossom.

Shak.

Peacher

PE'ACHER, noun An accuser. [Not used.]

Fox.

Peachick

PE'ACHICK, noun The chicken or young of the peacock.

Southern.

Peach-Tree

PE'ACH-TREE, noun The tree that produces the peach.

Peacock

PE'ACOCK, noun [Pea, in this word, is from Latin pavo. Saxon pawa; French paon, contracted from pavonis; Italian pavone; Spanish pavon; Dutch paauw; German pfau; Welsh pawan, from paw, spreading, extending.]

A large and beautiful fowl of the genus Pavo, properly the male of the species, but in usage the name is applied to the species in general. The fethers of this fowl's tail are very long, and variegated with rich and elegant colors. The peacock is a native of India.

Peacock-Fish

PE'ACOCK-FISH, noun A fish of the Indian seas, having streaks of beautiful colors.

Peahen

PE'AHEN, noun [German pfauhenne or pfauen; Dutch paauwin.] The hen or female of the peacock.

Peak

PEAK, noun [Saxon peac; Welsh pig; Irish peac; pike, beak; French pique; Italian becco; Spanish pico. These are of one family, signifying a point, from shooting or thrusting.]

1. The top of a hill or mountain, ending in a point; as the peak of Teneriffe.

2. A point; the end of any thing that terminates in a point.

3. The upper corner of a sail which is extended by a gaff or yard; also, the extremity of the yard or gaff.

Mar. Dict.

Peak

PEAK, verb intransitive To look sickly or thin. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. To make a mean figure; to sneak. [Not used.]

Shak.

Peak

PEAK, verb transitive To raise a gaff or yard more obliquely to the mast.

Mar. Dict.

Peaking

PE'AKING, adjective Mean; sneaking; poor. [Vulgar.]

Peakish

PE'AKISH, adjective Denoting or belonging to an acuminated situation.

Drayton.

Peal

PEAL, noun [from Latin pello, whence appello, to appeal. The sense is to drive; a peal is a driving of sound. This word seems to belong to the family of Latin balo, and to bawl, jubilee, bell, &c.]

A loud sound, usually a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts of a multitude, &c.

Bacon. Milton. Addison.

Peal

PEAL, verb intransitive To utter loud and solemn sounds; as the pealing organ.

Milton.

Peal

PEAL, verb transitive To assail with noise.

Nor was his ear less pealed.

Milton.

2. To cause to ring or sound; to celebrate.

The warrior's name

Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of fame.

J. Barlow.

3. To stir or agitate. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Pealed

PE'ALED, participle passive Assailed with sound; resounded; celebrated.

Pealing

PE'ALING, participle of the present tense Uttering a loud sound or successive sounds; resounding.

Pean

PE'AN, noun [Latin poean; Greek.] A song of praise or triumph.

Peanism

PE'ANISM, noun The song or shouts of praise or of battle; shouts of triumph.

Mitford.

Pear

PEAR, noun [Saxon Spanish Portugese Italian pera; Dutch peer; German birn; Swedish p?ron; Danish poere; Armoric peren; Welsh pÃƒ-ªr; Latin pyrum.]

The fruit of the Pyrus communis, of many varieties, some of which are delicious to the taste.

Pearch

PEARCH. [See Perch.]

Pearl

PEARL, n. perl. [French perle; Italian Spanish perla; Irish pearla; Saxon pearl; Swedish p?rla; Dutch paarl; German perle; Welsh perlyn. This may be radically the same word as beryl, and so named from its clearness.]

1. A white, hard, smooth, shining body, usually roundish, found in a testaceous fish of the oyster kind. The pearl-shell is called matrix perlarum, mother of pearl, and the pearl is found only in the softer part of the animal. It is found in the Persian seas and in many parts of the ocean which washes the shores of Arabia and the continent and isles of Asia, and is taken by divers. Pearls are of different sizes and colors; the larger ones approach to the figure of a pear; some have been found more than an inch in length. They are valued according to their size, their roundness, and their luster or purity, which appears in a silvery brightness.

Cyc. Nicholson. Encyc.

2. Poetically, something round and clear, as a drop of water or dew.

Drayton.

3. A white speck or film growing on the eye.

Ainsworth.

Pearl

PEARL, v. i. perl. To set or adorn with pearls.

Pearl

PEARL, v. i. perl. To resemble pearls.

Spenser.

Pearlash

PEARLASH, n. perl'ash. An alkali obtained from the ashes of wood; refined potash.

Pearled

PEARLED, a. perl'ed. Set or adorned with pearls.

Milton.

Pearl-Eyed

PEARL-EYED, a. perl'-eyed. Having a speck in the eye.

Johnson.

Pearl-Sinter

PEARL-SINTER, noun Fiorite; a variety of silicious sinter, the color gray and white.

Ure.

Pearl-Spar

PEARL-SPAR, n. perl'-spar. Brown spar.

Pearl-Stone

PEARL-STONE, noun A mineral regarded as a volcanic production. It occurs in basaltic and porphyritic rocks, and is classed with pitch stone.

Dict.

Pearl-stone is a subspecies of indivisible quartz.

Jameson.

Pearl-Wort

PEARL-WORT, or PEARL-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Sagina.

Fam. of Plants.

Pearly

PEARLY, a. perl'y. Containing pearls; abounding with pearls; as pearly shells; a pearly shore.

2. Resembling pearls; clear; pure; transparent; as the pearly flood; pearly dew.

Drayton. Dryden.

Pearmain

PEARMAIN, noun A variety of the apple.

Pear-Tree

PEAR-TREE, noun The tree that produces pears.

Peasant

PEASANT, n. pez'ant. [French paysan; Spanish Portugese paisano; from the name of country, French pais or pays, Spanish Portugese pais, Italian paese; Welsh peues, a place of rest, a country, from pau, coinciding with Greek, to rest.]

A countryman; one whose business is rural labor.

Peasant

PEASANT, a. pez'ant. Rustic; rural.

Spenser.

Peasantlike

PEAS'ANTLIKE, or PEAS'ANTLY, adjective Rude; clownish; illiterate; resembling peasants.

Milton.

Peasantry

PEASANTRY, noun pez'antry. Peasants; rustics; the body of country people.

Locke.

2. Rusticity. [Not used.]

Butler.

Peas-Cod

PE'AS-COD, or PE'A-SHELL, noun The lagume or pericarp of the pea.

Walton. Gay.

Peastone

PE'ASTONE, noun A subspecies of limestone.

Pease

PEASE, noun Peas collectively, or used as food. [See Pea.]

Arbuthnot.

Peat

PEAT. noun [German pfÃƒ-¼tze, a bog.] A substance resembling turf, used as fuel. It is found in low grounds or moorish lands, and is of several species; one is of a brown or yellowish brown color, and when first cut has a viscid consistence, but hardens when exposed to the air; another consists chiefly of vegetable substances, as branches of trees, roots, grass, &c.

Bacon. Nicholson. Encyc.

Peat

PEAT. [French petit. See Pet.]

Peat-Moss

PEAT-MOSS, noun [peat and moss.] An earthy material used as fuel.

2. A fen producing peat.

Pebble

PEB'BLE, or PEB'BLESTONE, noun [Saxon pabob, papolstana.] In popular usage, a roundish stone of any kind from the size of a nut to that of a man's head. In a philosophical sense, minerals distinguished from flints by their variety of colors, consisting of crystaline matter debased by earths of various kinds, with veins, clouds and other variegations, formed by incrustation round a central nucleus, but sometimes the effect of a simple concretion. Pebbles are much used in the pavement of streets.

Encyc.

A general term for water-worn minerals.

Dutch Olmsted.

Pebble-Crystal

PEB'BLE-CRYSTAL, noun A crystal in form of nodules, found in earthy stratums and irregular in shape.

Woodward.

Pebbled

PEB'BLED, adjective Abounding with pebbles.

Thomson.

Pebbly

PEB'BLY, adjective Full of pebbles; abounding with small roundish stones.

Pecary

PEC'ARY, or PEC'CARY, noun A quadruped of Mexico, in general appearance resembling a hog, but its body is less bulky, its legs shorter, and its bristles thicker and stronger, like the quills of the porcupine. Its color is black and white, and it has on the hind part of the back a protuberance like the navel of other animals, with an orifice from which issues a liquor of a very strong scent.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Peccability

PECCABIL'ITY, noun [from peccable.] State of being subject to sin; capacity of sinning.

Decay of Piety.

Peccable

PEC'CABLE, adjective [from Latin pecco, Irish peachadh; Welsh pec, pecawd, sin; pecu, to sin, French pecher, Italian peccare, Spanish pecar.]

Liable to sin; subject to transgress the divine law.

Priestley.

Peccadillo

PECCADIL'LO, noun [Spanish dim. from pecado, Latin peccatum; French peccadille. See Peccable.]

1. A slight trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault.

Dryden.

2. A sort of stiff ruff.

B. Taylor.

Peccancy

PEC'CANCY, noun [from peccant.] Bad quality; as the peccancy of the humors.

Wiseman.

2. Offense.

Mountague.

Peccant

PEC'CANT, adjective [Latin peccans; French peccant. See Peccable.]

1. Sinning; guilty of sin or transgression; criminal; as peccant angels.

Milton.

2. Morbid; bad; corrupt; not healthy; as peccant humors.

Arbuthnot.

3. Wrong; bad; defective; informal; as a peccant citation. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Peccant

PEC'CANT, noun An offender. [Not used.]

Whitlock.

Peccavi

PECCA'VI. [Latin I have offended.] A colloquial word used to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense.

Aubrey.

Pechblend

PECH'BLEND, noun [German pech, pitch, and blende, blend.]

Pitchblend, an ore of uranium; a metallic substance found in masses, or stratified with earths or with other minerals, in Swedish and Saxon mines. It is of a blackish color, inclining to a deep steel gray, and one kind has a mixture of spots of red.

Nicholson.

Peck

PECK, noun [Armoric pech, a fourth; French picotin.]

1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as a peck of wheat or oats.

2. In low language, a great deal; as, to be in a peck of troubles. Qu. pack.

Peck

PECK, verb transitive [Italian beccare; Spanish picar; French becqueter; Dutch piken; German picken; Danish pikker. This verb is connected with the nouns beak and pike.]

1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into, as a bird that pecks a hole in a tree.

2. To strike with a pointed instrument, or to delve or dig with any thing pointed, as with a pick-ax.

Carew.

3. To pick up food with the beak.

Dryden.

4. To strike with small and repeated blows; to strike in a manner to make small impressions. In this sense, the verb is generally intransitive. We say, to peck at.

South.

[This verb and pick are radically the same.]

Pecked

PECK'ED, participle passive Struck or penetrated with a beak or pointed instrument.

Pecker

PECK'ER, noun One that pecks; a bird that pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker.

Dryden.

Pecking

PECK'ING, participle of the present tense Striking with the bill; thrusting the beak into; thrusting into with a pointed instrument; taking up food with the beak.

Peckled

PECKLED, for speckled, not used.

Walton.

Pectinal

PEC'TINAL, adjective [Latin pecten, a comb; pecto, to comb, Greek, from.] Pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.

Pectinal

PEC'TINAL, noun A fish whose bones resemble the teeth of a comb.

Brown.

Pectinate

PEC'TINATE, or PEC'TINATED, adjective [from Latin pecten, a comb.] Having resemblance to the teeth of a comb. In botany, a pectinate leaf is a sort of pinnate leaf, in which the leaflets are toothed like a comb.

Martyn.

A mineral is pectinated, when it presents short filaments, crystals or branches, nearly parallel and equidistant.

Phillips.

Pectination

PECTINA'TION, noun The state of being pectinated.

2. A combing; the combing of the head.

Cyc.

Pectinite

PEC'TINITE, noun [Latin pecten, a comb.] A fossil pecten or scallop, or scallop petrified.

Kirwan.

Pectoral

PEC'TORAL, adjective [Latin pectoralis, from pectus, breast.]

Pertaining to the breast; as the pectoral muscles; pectoral medicines.

Milton.

The pectoral fins of a fish are situated on the sides of the fish, behind the gills.

Pectoral

PEC'TORAL, noun A breastplate.

Encyc. Johnson.

2. A sacerdotal habit or vestment worn by the Jewish high priest, called in our version of the Bible, a breastplate.

Encyc.

3. A medicine adapted to cure or relieve complaints of the breast and lungs.

Peculate

PEC'ULATE, verb intransitive [Latin peculatus, peculor, from peculium, private property, from pecus, cattle.]

1. To defraud the public of money or goods entrusted to one's care, by appropriating the property to one's own use; to defraud by embezzlement.

2. Among civilians, to steal.

Encyc.

Peclation

PECLA'TION, noun The act, practice or crime of defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or goods entrusted to one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement of public money or goods.

Peculator

PEC'ULATOR, noun [Latin] One that defrauds the public by appropriating to his own use money entrusted to his care.

Peculiar

PECU'LIAR, adjective [Latin peculiaris, from peculium, one's own property, from pecus, cattle.]

1. Appropriate; belonging to a person and to him only. Almost every writer has a peculiar style. Most men have manners peculiar to themselves.

2. Singular; particular. The man has something peculiar in his deportment.

3. Particular; special.

My fate is Juno's most peculiar care.

Dryden.

[Most cannot, in striot propriety, be prefixed to peculiar, but it is used to give emphasis to the word.]

4. Belonging to a nation, system or other thing, and not to others.

Peculiar

PECU'LIAR, noun Exclusive property; that which belongs to a person in exclusion of others.

Milton.

2. In the canon law, a particular parish or church which has the probate of wills within itself, exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary or bishop's court.

Encyc.

Court of peculiars, in England, is a branch of the court of arches. It has jurisdiction over all the parishes dispersed through the province of Canterbury, in the midst of other dioceses, which are exempt from the ordinary jurisdiction, and subject to the metropolitan only.

Blackstone.

Peculiarity

PECULIAR'ITY, noun Something peculiar to a person or thing; that which belongs to or is found in one person or thing and in no other; as a peculiarity of style or manner of thinking; peculiarity in dress.

Peculiarize

PECU'LIARIZE, verb transitive To appropriate; to make peculiar.

Smith.

Peculiarly

PECU'LIARLY, adverb Particularly; singly.

Woodward.

2. In a manner not common to others.

Drayton.

Peculiarness

PECU'LIARNESS, noun The state of being peculiar; appropriation. [Little used.]

Made.

Pecuniary

PECU'NIARY, adjective [French pecuniaire; Italian pecuniale; Latin pecuniarius, from pecunia, money, from pecus, cattle.]

1. Relating to money; as pecuniary affairs or losses.

2. Consisting of money; as a pecuniary mulct or penalty.

Bacon.

Pecunious

PECU'NIOUS, adjective Full of money. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Ped

PED, noun [for pad.] A small pack-saddle.

Tusser.

2. A basket; a hamper.

Spenser.

Pedagogic

PEDAGOG'IC, or PEDAGOG'ICAL, adjective [from pedagogue.] Suiting or belonging to a teacher of children or to a pedagogue.

Pedagogism

PED'AGOGISM, noun The business, character or manners of a pedagogue.

Pedagogue

PEDAGOGUE, n. ped'agog. [Greek; a child, and, to lead.]

1. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to instruct young children; a schoolmaster.

2. A pedant.

Pedagogue

PED'AGOGUE, verb transitive To teach with the air of a pedagogue; to instruct superciliously.

Prior.

Pedagogy

PED'AGOGY, noun Instruction in the first rudiments; preparatory discipline.

South.

Pedal

PE'DAL, adjective [Latin pedalis, from pes, pedis, foot.] Pertaining to a foot.

Pedal

PED'AL, noun One of the large pipes of an organ, so called because played and stopped with the foot.

Encyc.

2. A fixed or stationary base.

Busby.

Pedal-Note

PED'AL-NOTE, noun In music, a holdingnote.

Busby.

Pedaneous

PEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin pedaneus, from pes, the foot.] Going on foot; walking.

Dict.

Pedant

PED'ANT, noun [French pedant; Italian Spanish Portugese pedante. See Pedagogue.]

1. A schoolmaster.

Shak.

2. A person who makes a vain display of his learning.

Addison.

Pedantic

PEDANT'IC, or PEDANT'ICAL, adjective Ostentatious of learning; vainly displaying or making a show of knowledge; applied to persons or things; as a pedantic writer or scholar; a pedantic description or expression.

Pedantically

PEDANT'ICALLY, adverb With a vain or boastful display of learning.

Pedantize

PED'ANTIZE, verb intransitive To play the pedant; to domineer over lads; to use pedantic expressions.

Cotgrave.

Pedantry

PED'ANTRY, noun [French pedanterie.] Vain ostentation of learning; a boastful display of knowledge of any kind.

Horace has enticed me into this pedantry of quotation.

Cowley.

Pedantry is the unseasonable ostentation of learning.

Rambler.

Pedarian

PEDA'RIAN, noun A Roman senator who gave his vote by the feet, that is, by walking over to the side he espoused, in divisions of the senate.

Encyc.

Pedate

PED'ATE, adjective [Latin pedatus, from pes, the foot.]

In botany, divided like the toes. A pedate leaf is one in which a bifid petiole connects several leaflets on the inside only.

Martyn.

Pedatifid

PED'ATIFID, adjective [Latin pes, foot, and findo, to divide.]

A pedatifid leaf, in botany, is one whose parts are not entirely separate, but connected like the toes of a water-fowl.

Martyn.

Peddle

PED'DLE, verb intransitive [perhaps from the root of petty, Welsh pitw, French petit, small.] To be busy about trifles.

2. To travel about the country and retail goods. He peddles for a living.

Peddle

PED'DLE, verb transitive To sell or retail, usually by traveling about the country.

Peddling

PED'DLING, participle of the present tense Traveling about and selling small wares.

2. adjective Trifling; unimportant.

Pederast

PED'ERAST, noun [Greek, from, a boy, and, love.] A sodomite.

Encyc.

Pederastic

PEDERAS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to pederasty.

Pederasty

PED'ERASTY, noun Sodomy; the crime against nature.

Pederero

PEDERE'RO, noun [Spanish pedrero, from piedra, a stone, Latin petra, Greek; so named from the use of stones in the charge, before the invention of iron balls.] A swivel gun; sometimes written paterero.

Pedestal

PED'ESTAL, noun [Spanish pedestal; Italian piedestallo; French piedestal; Latin pes, the foot, and Teut. stall; German stellen, to set.]

In architecture, the lowest part of a column or pillar; the part which sustains a column or serves as its foot. It consists of three parts, the base, the die and the cornice.

Addison. Encyc.

Pedestrial

PEDES'TRIAL, adjective [Latin pedestris.] Pertaining to the foot.

Moseley.

Pedestrian

PEDES'TRIAN, adjective [Latin pedestris, from pes, the foot.]

Going on foot; walking; made on foot; as a pedestrian journey.

Pedestrian

PEDES'TRIAN, noun One that walks or journeys on foot.

2. One that walks for a wager; a remarkable walker.

Pedestrious

PEDES'TRIOUS, adjective Going on foot; not winged.

Brown.

Pedicel

PED'ICEL, or PED'ICLE, noun [Latin pediculus, from pes, the foot.] In botany, the ultimate division of a common peduncle; the stalk that supports one flower only when there are several on a peduncle.

Martyn.

Pedicellate

PED'ICELLATE, adjective Having a pedicel, or supported by a pedicel.

Pedicular

PEDIC'ULAR, or PEDIC'ULOUS, adjective [Latin pedicularis, from pediculus, a louse.] Lousy; having the lousy distemper.

Pedigree

PED'IGREE, noun [probably from Latin pes, pedis, foot, like Dutch stam, German stamm, stem, stock, degree.]

1. Lineage; line of ancestors from which a person or tribe descends; genealogy.

Alterations of surnamesÃ‚--have obscured the truth of our pedigrees.

Camden.

2. An account or register of a line of ancestors.

The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their several tribes.

Atterbury.

Pediluvy

PED'ILUVY, noun [Latin pes, foot, and lavo, to wash.] The bathing of the feet; a bath for the feet.

Pediment

PED'IMENT, noun [from Latin pes, the foot.] In architecture, an ornament that crowns the ordonances, finishes the fronts of buildings and serves as a decoration over gates, windows and niches. It is of two forms, triangular and circular. A pediment is properly the representation of the roof.

Encyc.

Pedler

PED'LER, noun [from peddle, to sell by traveling; or from Latin pes, pedis, the foot.]

A traveling foot-trader; one that carries about small commodities on his back, or in a cart or wagon, and sells them.

Spenser. Swift.

Pedleress

PED'LERESS, noun A female pedler.

Overbury.

Pedlery

PED'LERY, noun Small wares sold or carried about for sale by pedlers.

Pedobaptism

PEDOBAP'TISM, noun [Greek, a child, and, baptism.] The baptism of infants or of children.

Pedobaptist

PEDOBAP'TIST, noun One that holds to infant baptism; one that practices the baptism of children. Most denominations of christians are pedobaptists.

Pedometer

PEDOM'ETER, noun [Latin pes, the foot, and Greek, measure.]

An instrument by which paces are numbered as a person walks, and the distance from place to place ascertained. It also marks the revolutions of wheels. This is done by means of wheels with teeth and a chain or string fastened to the foot or to the wheel of a carriage; the wheels advancing a notch at every step or at every revolution of the carriage wheel.

Encyc.

Pedometrical

PEDOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to or measured by a pedometer.

Peduncle

PEDUN'CLE, noun [Latin pes, the foot.] In botany, the stem or stalk that supports the fructification of a plant, and of course the fruit.

Martyn.

Peduncular

PEDUN'CULAR, adjective Pertaining to a peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as a peduncular tendril.

Martyn.

Pedunculate

PEDUN'CULATE, adjective Growing on a peduncle; as a pedunculate flower.

Pee

PEE, verb intransitive To look with one eye. [Not used.]

Ray.

Peed

PEED, adjective Blind of one eye. [Not used.]

Ray.

Peek

PEEK, in our popular dialect, is the same as peep, to look through a crevice.

Peel

PEEL, verb transitive [French peler, piller; Spanish pelar, pillar; Portugese pelar, pilhar; Italian pigliare; Latin pilo, to pull off hair and to pillage; Armoric pilha; Welsh piliaw, to take off the surface or rind. The first verb peler, pelar, seems to be formed from Latin pilus, the hair. The peel is therefore from the other verb. See Pill. Class Bl. No. 32. 44. 51.]

1. To strip off skin, bark or rind without a cutting instrument; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin; to bark; to flay; to decorticate. When a knife is used, we call it paring. Thus we say, to peel a tree, to peel an orange; but we say, to pare an apple, to pare land.

2. In a general sense, to remove the skin, bark or rind, even with an instrument.

3. To strip; to plunder; to pillage; as, to peel a province or conquered people.

Milton. Dryden.

Peel

PEEL, noun [Latin pellis, French peau, German fell, Dutch vel, skin; from peeling.]

The skin or rind of any thing; as the peel of an orange.

Peel

PEEL, noun [French pelle; Latin Spanish Italian pala; Welsh pal; probably from thrusting, throwing, Latin pello, Greek, like shovel, from shove; or from spreading.]

A kind of wooden shovel used by bakers, with a broad palm and long handle; hence, in popular use in America, any large fire-shovel.

Peeled

PEE'LED, participle passive Stripped of skin, bark or rind; plundered; pillaged.

Peeler

PEE'LER, noun One that peels, strips or flays.

2. A plunderer; a pillager.

Peeling

PEE'LING, participle of the present tense Stripping off skin or bark; plundering.

Peep

PEEP, verb intransitive [Irish piobam, to pipe, to peep; Dutch piepen, to pipe, to chirp; German pfeifen; Swedish pipa; Danish piper, pipper; Latin pipio. The primary sense is to open or to shoot, to thrust out or forth; Danish pipper frem, to sprout, to bud. This coincides with pipe, fife, &c., Hebrew to cry out, Abib, &c.]

1. To begin to appear; to make the first appearance; to issue or come forth from concealment, as through a narrow avenue.

I can see his pride

Peep through each part of him.

Shak.

When flowers first peepedÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. To look through a crevice; to look narrowly, closely or slyly.

A fool will peep in at the door.

Ecclus.

Thou art a maid and must not peep.

Prior.

3. To cry, as chickens; to utter a fine shrill sound, as through a crevice; usually written pip, but without reason, as it is the same word as is here defined, and in America is usually pronounced peep.

Peep

PEEP, noun First appearance; as the peep of day.

2. A sly look, or a look through a crevice.

Swift.

3. The cry of a chicken.

Peeper

PEE'PER, noun A chicken just breaking the shell.

Bramston.

2. In familiar language, the eye.

Peep-Hole

PEE'P-HOLE, or PEE'PING-HOLE, noun A hole or crevice through which one may peep or look without being discovered.

Peer

PEER, noun [French pair; Latin par; Italian pari; Spanish par. See Pair.]

1. An equal; one of the same rank. A man may be familiar with his peers.

2. An equal in excellence or endowments.

In song he never had his peer.

Dryden.

3. A companion; a fellow; an associate.

He all his peers in beauty did surpass.

Spenser.

4. A nobleman; as a peer of the realm; the house of peers, so called because noblemen and barons were originally considered as the companions of the king, like Latin comes, count. In England, persons belonging to the five degrees of nobility are all peers.

Peer

PEER, verb intransitive [Latin pareo; Norm. perer. See Appear.]

1. To come just in sight; to appear; a poetic word.

So honor peereth in the meanest habit.

Shak.

See how his gorget peers above his gown.

B. Jonson.

2. To look narrowly; to peep; as the peering day.

Milton.

Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads.

Shak.

Peerage

PEE'RAGE, noun [See Peer, an equal.] The rank or dignity of a peer or nobleman.

Blackstone.

2. The body of peers.

Dryden.

Peerdom

PEE'RDOM, noun Peerage. [Not used.]

Peeress

PEE'RESS, noun The consort of a peer; a noble lady.

Pope.

Peerless

PEE'RLESS, adjective Unequaled; having no peer or equal; as peerless beauty or majesty.

Dryden.

Peerlessly

PEE'RLESSLY, adverb Without an equal.

Peerlessness

PEE'RLESSNESS, noun The state of having no equal.

Peevish

PEE'VISH, adjective [In Scot. pew is to complain or mutter. It is probably a contracted word, and perhaps from the root of pet, petulant.]

1. Fretful; petulant; apt to mutter and complain; easily vexed or fretted; querulous; hard to please.

She is peevish, sullen, froward.

Shak.

2. Expressing discontent and fretfulness.

I will not presume

To send such peevish tokens to a king.

Shak.

3. Silly; childish.

Shak.

Peevishly

PEE'VISHLY, adverb Fretfully; petulantly; with discontent and murmuring.

Hayward.

Peevishness

PEE'VISHNESS, noun Fretfulness; petulance; disposition to murmur; sourness of temper; as childish peevishness.

When peevishness and spleen succeed.

Swift.

Peg

PEG, noun [This is probably from the root of Latin pango, pactus, Greek; denoting that which fastens, or allied to beak and picket.]

1. A small pointed piece of wood used in fastening boards or other work of wood, &c. It does the office of a nail. The word is applied only to small pieces of wood pointed; to the larger pieces thus pointed we give the name of pins, and pins in ship carpentry are called tree-nails or trenails. Coxe, in his travels in Russia, speaks of poles or beams fastened into the ground with pegs.

2. The pins of an instrument on which the strings are strained.

Shak.

3. A nickname for Margaret.

To take a peg lower, to depress; to lower.

Hudibras.

Peg

PEG, verb transitive To fasten with pegs.

Evelyn.

Pegger

PEG'GER, noun One that fastens with pegs.

Sherwood.

Pegm

PEGM, n. pem. [Greek.] A sort of moving machine in the old pageants.

B. Jonson.

Pegmatite

PEG'MATITE, noun Primitive granitic rock, composed essentially of lamellar feldspar and quartz; frequently with a mixture of mica. In it are found kaolin, tin tourmalin, beryl, aqua marina, tantale, scheelin and other valuable minerals.

Dict.

Peirastic

PEIRAS'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to strain, to attempt.] Attempting; making trial.

2. Treating of or representing trials or attempts; as the peirastic dialogues of Plato.

Enfield.

Peise

PEISE. [See Poise.]

Pekan

PEK'AN, noun A species of weasel.

Buffon. Pennant.

Pelage

PEL'AGE, noun [French from Latin pilus, hair.] The vesture or covering of wild beasts, consisting of hair, fur or wool.

Bacon.

Pelagian

PELA'GIAN, or PEL'AGIC, adjective [Latin pelagus, the sea.] Pertaining to the sea; as pelagian shells.

Journ. of Science.

Pelagian

PELA'GIAN, noun [from Pelagius, a native of Great Britain, who lived in the fourth century.]

A follower of Pelagius, a monk of Banchor or Bangor, who denied original sin, and asserted the doctrine of free will and the merit of good works.

Bp. Hall.

Pelagian

PELA'GIAN, adjective Pertaining to Pelagius and his doctrines.

South.

Pelagianism

PELA'GIANISM, noun The doctrines of Pelagius.

South.

Pelf

PELF, noun [probably allied to pilfer.] Money; riches; but it often conveys the idea of something ill gotten or worthless. It has no plural.

Pelican

PEL'ICAN, noun [Low Latin pelicanus; Greek; French pelican.]

1. A fowl of the genus Pelicanus. It is larger than the swan, and remarkable for its enormous bill, to the lower edges of the under chop of which is attached a pouch or bag, capable of being distended so as to hold many quarts of water. In this bag the fowl deposits the fish it takes for food.

Encyc.

2. A chimical glass vessel or alembic with a tubulated capital, from which two opposite and crooked beaks pass out and enter again at the belly of the cucurbit. It is designed for continued distillation and cohobation; the volatile parts of the substance distilling, rising into the capital and returning through the beaks into the cucurbit.

Nicholson.

Peliom

PE'LIOM, noun [Greek, black color.] A mineral, a variety of iolite.

Cleaveland.

Pelisse

PELISSE, n. pelle's. [French from Latin pellis, skin.]

Originally, a furred robe or coat. But the name is now given to a silk coat or habit worn by ladies.

Pell

PELL, noun [Latin pellis, Italian pelle, a skin.] A skin or hide.

Clerk of the pells, in England, an officer of the exchequer, who enters every teller's bill on the parchment rolls, the roll of receipts and the roll of disbursements.

Pellet

PEL'LET, noun [French pelote; Welsh pellen, from Latin pila, a ball, Italian palla.] A little ball; as a pellet of wax or lint.

Bacon. Wiseman.

2. A bullet; a ball for fire-arms. [Not now used.]

Bacon. Ray.

Pelleted

PEL'LETED, adjective Consisting of bullets.

Shak.

Pellicle

PEL'LICLE, noun [Latin pellicula, dim. of pellis, skin.] A thin skin or film.

Sharp. Encyc.

2. Among chimists, a thin saline crust formed on the surface of a solution of salt evaporated to a certain degree. This pellicle consists of saline particles crystalized.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Pellitory

PEL'LITORY, noun [Spanish pelitre; corrupted perhaps from Latin parietaria, the wall plant, from paries.]

The name of several plants of different genera. The pellitory of the wall or common pellitory is of the genus Parietaria; the bastard pellitory of the genus Achillea; and the pellitory of Spain is the Anthemis pyrethrum.

Lee. Parr.

Pell-Mell

PELL'-MELL, adverb With confused violence.

Shak. Hudibras.

Pellucid

PELLU'CID, adjective [Latin pellucidus; per and lucidus; very bright. See Light.]

Perfectly clear; transparent; not opake; as a body as pellucid as crystal.

Woodward.

Pellucidity

PELLUCID'ITY, or PELLU'CIDNESS, noun Perfect clearness; transparency; as the pellucidity of the air; the pellucidness of a gem.

Locke. Keil.

Pelt

PELT, noun [German pelz; Spanish pelada; Latin pellis. See Fell.]

1. The skin of a beast with the hair on it; a raw hide.

Brown.

2. The quarry of a hawk all torn.

Ainsworth.

3. A blow or stroke from something thrown. [infra.]

Pelt

PELT, verb transitive [French peloter, from pelote, a ball; or contracted from pellet. In Swedish bulta is to beat. The word is from French pelote, a little ball, or from Latin pello, Greek.]

1. Properly, to strike with something thrown, driven or falling; as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.

The chiding billows seem to pelt the clouds.

Shak.

2. To drive by throwing something.

Atterbury.

Peltate

PELT'ATE, or PELT'ATED, adjective [Latin pelta, a target.] In botany, having the shape of a target or round shield, as a peltate stigma; having the petiole inserted in the disk, as a peltate leaf.

Martyn.

Peltately

PELT'ATELY, adverb In the form of a target.

Eaton.

Pelted

PELT'ED, participle passive Struck with something thrown or driven.

Pelter

PELT'ER, noun One that pelts; also, a pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person.

Huloet.

Pelting

PELT'ING, participle of the present tense Striking with something thrown or driven.

Pelting

PELT'ING, noun An assault with any thing thrown.

Shak.

Pelting

PELT'ING, adjective In Shakspeare, mean; paltry. [Improper.]

Pelt-Monger

PELT'-MONGER, noun A dealer in pelts or raw hides.

Peltry

PEL'TRY, noun [from pelt, a skin.] The skins of animals producing fur; skins in general, with the fur on them; furs in general.

Smollett.

Pelvimeter

PELVIM'ETER, noun [Latin pelvis and Greek, measure.]

An instrument to measure the dimensions of the female pelvis.

Coxe.

Pelvis

PEL'VIS, noun [Latin pelvis, a bason.] The cavity of the body formed by the os sacrum, os coccyx, and ossa innominata, forming the lower part of the abdomen.

Pen

PEN, noun [Latin penna; Saxon pinn; Dutch pen; Italian penna, a fether, a pen, and a top; Welsh pen, top, summit, head; Irish beann, beinn, written also ben. The Celtic nations called the peak of a mountain, ben or pen. Hence the name Apennine, applied to the mountains of Italy. It may belong to the same root as Latin pinna, a fin, that is, a shoot or point.]

1. An instrument used for writing, usually made of the quill of some large fowl, but it may be of any other material.

2. A fether; a wing. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Pen

PEN, verb transitive pret. and pp. penned. To write; to compose and commit to paper.

Addison.

Pen

PEN, noun [Saxon pinan, to press, or pyndan, to pound or shut up; both probably from one root.]

A small inclosure for beasts, as for cows or sheep.

Pen

PEN, verb transitive pret. and pp. penned or pent. To shut in a pen; to confine in a small inclosure; to coop; to confine in a narrow place; usually followed by up, which is redundant.

Boyle. Milton.

Penal

PE'NAL, adjective [French Spanish id.; Italian penale; from Latin poena, Greek, pain, punishment. See Pain.]

1. Enacting punishment; denouncing the punishment of offenses; as a penal law or statute; the penal code. Penal statutes must be construed strictly.

Blackstone.

2. Inflicting punishment.

Adamantine chains and penal fire.

Milton.

3. Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as a penal act or offense.

Penality

PENAL'ITY, noun Liableness or condemnation to punishment. [Not used.]

Brown.

Penalty

PEN'ALTY, noun [Italian penalitÃƒ- ; Spanish penalidad. See Penal.]

1. The suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense or trespass, as a punishment. A fine is a pecuniary penalty. The usual penalties inflicted on the person, are whipping, cropping, branding, imprisonment, hard labor, transportation or death.

2. The suffering to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of non-fulfillment of his stipulations; the forfeiture or sum to be forfeited for nonpayment, or for non-compliance with an agreement; as the penalty of a bond.

Penance

PEN'ANCE, noun [Spanish penante, from penar, Italian penare, to suffer pain. See Pain.]

1. The suffering, labor or pain to which a person voluntarily subjects himself, or which is imposed on him by authority as a punishment for his faults, or as an expression of penitence; such as fasting, flagellation, wearing chains, &c. Penance is one of the seven sacraments of the Romish church.

Encyc.

2. Repentance.

Pence

PENCE, n. pens. The plural of penny, when used of a sum of money or value. When pieces of coin are mentioned, we use pennies.

Pencil

PEN'CIL, noun [French pinceau; Spanish pincel; Latin penicillus.]

1. A small brush used by painters for laying on colors. The proper pencils are made of fine hair or bristles, as of camels, badgers or squirrels, or of the down of swans, inclosed in a quill. The larger pencils, made of swine's bristles, are called brushes.

Encyc.

2. A pen formed of carburet of iron or plumbago, black lead or red chalk, with a point at one end, used for writing and drawing.

Encyc.

3. Any instrument of writing without ink.

Johnson.

4. An aggregate or collection of rays of light.

Pencil

PEN'CIL, verb transitive To paint or draw; to write or mark with a pencil.

Shak. Harte.

Penciled

PEN'CILED, participle passive Painted, drawn or marked with a pencil.

2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.

Penciling

PEN'CILING, participle of the present tense Painting, drawing or marking with a pencil.

Pencil-Shaped

PEN'CIL-SHAPED, adjective Having the shape of a pencil.

Pendant

PEND'ANT, noun [French from Latin pendeo, to hang, or Spanish pendon. See Pennon.]

1. An ornament or jewel hanging at the ear, usually composed of pearl or some precious stone.

Pope.

2. Any thing hanging by way of ornament.

Waller.

3. In heraldry, a part hanging from the label, resembling the drops in the Doric frieze.

Enoyc.

4. A streamer; a small flag or long narrow banner displayed from a ship's mast head, usually terminating in two points called the swallow's tail. It denotes that a ship is in actual service. The broad pendant is used to distinguish the chief of a squadron.

Mar. Dict.

5. A short piece of rope fixed on each side under the shrouds, on the heads of the main and fore-mast, having an iron thimble to receive the hooks of the tackle.

Mar. Dict.

There are many other pendants consisting of a rope or ropes, to whose lower extremity is attached a block or tackle. The rudder-pendant is a rope made fast to the rudder by a chain, to prevent the loss of the rudder when unshipped.

Mar. Dict.

6. A pendulum. [Not used.]

Digby.

Pendence

PEND'ENCE, noun [Latin pendens, pendeo, to hang.] Slope; inclination.

Wotton.

Pendency

PEND'ENCY, noun [Latin pendens, pendeo, supra.]

Suspense; the state of being undecided; as, to wait during the pendency of a suit or petition.

Pendent

PEND'ENT, adjective [Latin pendens.] Hanging; fastened at one end, the other being loose.

With ribbons pendent, flaring about her head.

Shak.

2. Jutting over; projecting; as a pendant rock.

Shak.

3. Supported above the ground.

Milton.

Pending

PEND'ING, adjective [Latin pendeo, to hang; pendente lite.]

Depending; remaining undecided; not terminated. This was done, pending the suit.

Pendulosity

PENDULOS'ITY, or PEND'ULOUSNESS, noun [See Pendulous.] The state of hanging; suspension. [The latter is the preferable word.]

Pendulous

PEND'ULOUS, adjective [Latin pendulus, from pendeo, to hang.]

Hanging; swinging; fastened at one end, the other being movable. The dewlap of an animal is pendulous.

Pendulum

PEND'ULUM, noun [Latin pendulus, pendulum.] A vibrating body suspended from a fixed point; as the pendulum of a clock. The oscillations of a pendulum depend on gravity, and are always performed in nearly equal times, supposing the length of the pendulum and the gravity to remain the same.

Penetrability

PENETRABIL'ITY, noun [from penetrable.] Susceptibility of being penetrated, or of being entered or passed through by another body.

There being no mean between penetrability and impenetrability.

Cheyne.

Penetrable

PEN'ETRABLE, adjective [French from Latin penetrabilis. See Penetrate.]

1. That may be penetrated, entered or pierced by another body.

Let him try thy dart,

And pierce his only penetrable part.

Dryden.

2. Susceptible of moral or intellectual impression.

I am not made of stone,

But penetrable to your kind entreaties.

Shak.

Penetrail

PEN'ETRAIL, noun [Latin penetralia.] Interior parts. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Penetrancy

PEN'ETRANCY, noun [Latin penetrans.] Power of entering or piercing; as the penetrancy of subtil effluvia.

Ray.

Penetrant

PEN'ETRANT, adjective [Latin penetrans.] Having the power to enter or pierce; sharp; subtil; as penetrant spirit; food subtilized and rendered fluid and penetrant.

Boyle. Ray.

Penetrate

PEN'ETRATE, verb transitive [Latin penetro, from the root of pen, a point.]

1. To enter or pierce; to make way into another body; as, a sword or dart penetrates the body; oil penetrates wood; marrow, the most penetrating of oily substances.

Arbuthnot.

2. To affect the mind; to cause to feel. I am penetrated with a lively sense of your generosity.

3. To reach by the intellect; to understand; as, to penetrate the meaning or design of any thing.

4. To enter; to pass into the interior; as, to penetrate a country.

Penetrate

PEN'ETRATE, verb intransitive To pass; to make way.

Born where heaven's influence scarce can penetrate.

Pope.

2. To make way intellectually. He had not penetrated into the designs of the prince.

Penetrated

PEN'ETRATED, participle passive Entered; pierced; understood; fathomed.

Penetrating

PEN'ETRATING, participle of the present tense Entering; piercing; understanding.

2. adjective Having the power of entering or piercing another body; sharp; subtil. Oil is a penetrating substance.

3. Acute; discerning; quick to understand; as a penetrating mind.

Penetration

PENETRA'TION, noun The act of entering a body.

Milton.

2. Mental entrance into any thing abstruse; as a penetration into the abstruse difficulties of algebra.

Watts.

3. Acuteness; sagacity; as a man of great or nice penetration.

Penetrative

PEN'ETRATIVE, adjective Piercing; sharp; subtil.

Let not air be too gross nor too penetrative.

Wotton.

2. Acute; sagacious; discerning; as penetrative wisdom.

Swift.

3. Having the power to affect or impress the mind; as penetrative shame.

Shak.

Penetrativeness

PEN'ETRATIVENESS, noun The quality of being penetrative.

Penfish

PEN'FISH, noun A kind of eelpout with a smooth skin.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Penguin

PEN'GUIN, noun [Welsh pen, head, and gwyn, white; or Latin pinguidine, with fatness.]

1. A genus of fowls of the order of Palmipeds. The penguin is an aquatic fowl with very short legs, with four toes, three of which are webbed; the body is clothed with short fethers, set as compactly as the scales of a fish; the wings are small like fins, and covered with short scale-like fethers, so that they are useless in flight. Penguins seldom go on shore, except in the season of breeding, when they burrow like rabbits. On land they stand erect; they are tame and may be driven like a flock of sheep. In water they swim with rapidity, being assisted by their wings. These fowls are found only in the southern latitudes.

Encyc.

2. A species of fruit.

Miller.

Penicil

PEN'ICIL, noun [Latin penicillus. See Pencil.]

1. Among physicians, a tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.

2. A species of shell.

Peninsula

PENIN'SULA, noun [Latin pene, almost, and insula, an isle; Italian penesolo.]

1. A portion of land, connected with a continent by a narrow neck or isthmus, but nearly surrounded with water. Thus Boston stands on a peninsula.

2. A large extent of country joining the main land by a part narrower than the tract itself. Thus Spain and Portugal are said to be situated on a peninsula.

Peninsular

PENIN'SULAR, adjective In the form or state of a peninsula; pertaining to a peninsula.

Peninsulate

PENIN'SULATE, verb transitive To encompass almost with water; to form a peninsula.

South river peninsulates Castle hill farm, and at high tides, surrounds it.

Bentley's Hist. Coll.

Peninsulated

PENIN'SULATED, participle passive Almost surrounded with water.

Peninsulating

PENIN'SULATING, participle of the present tense Nearly surrounding with water.

Penitence

PEN'ITENCE, or PEN'ITENCY, noun [French penitence, from Latin poenitentia, from poeniteo, from poena, pain, punishment. See Pain.]

Repentance; pain; sorrow or grief of heart for sins or offenses; contrition. Real penitence springs from a conviction of guilt and ingratitude to God, and is followed by amendment of life.

Penitent

PEN'ITENT, adjective [French from Latin poenitens.] Suffering pain or sorrow of heart on account of sins, crimes or offenses; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt and resolving on amendment of life.

The proud he tam'd, the penitent he cheer'd.

Dryden.

Penitent

PEN'ITENT, noun One that repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.

2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance.

Stilling fleet.

3. One under the direction of a confessor.

Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in catholic countries, distinguished by their habits and employed in charitable acts.

Encyc.

Order of penitents, a religious order established by one Bernard of Marseilles, about the year 1272, for the reception of reformed courtezans. The congregation of penitents at Paris, was founded with a similar view.

Encyc.

Penitential

PENITEN'TIAL, adjective [French penitentiel; Italian penitenziale.]

Proceeding from or expressing penitence or contrition of heart; as penitential sorrow or tears.

South.

Penitential

PENITEN'TIAL, noun Among the Romanists, a book containing the rules which relate to penance and the reconciliation of penitents.

Encyc.

Penitentiary

PENITEN'TIARY, adjective Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance.

Bramhall.

Penitentiary

PENITEN'TIARY, noun One that prescribes the rules and measures of penance.

Bacon. Ayliffe.

2. A penitent; one that does penance.

Hammond.

3. At the court of Rome, an office in which are examined and delivered out the secret bulls, graces or dispensations relating to cases of conscience, confession, &c.

Encyc.

4. An officer in some cathedrals, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him. The pope has a grand penitentiary, who is a cardinal and is chief of the other penitentiaries.

Encyc.

5. A house of correction in which offenders are confined for punishment and reformation, and compelled to labor; a workhouse. A state prison is a penitentiary.

Penitently

PEN'ITENTLY, adverb With penitence; with repentance, sorrow or contrition for sin.

Penknife

PEN'KNIFE, noun [See Pen and Knife.] A small knife used for making and mending pens.

Penman

PEN'MAN, noun plu. penmen. [See Pen and Man.]

1. A man that professes or teaches the art of writing. More generally,

2. One that writes a good hand.

3. An author; a writer; as the sacred penmen.

Addison.

Penmanship

PEN'MANSHIP, noun The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing.

2. Manner of writing; as good or bad penmanship.

Pennached

PEN'NACHED, adjective [French pennachÃƒ-© or panachÃƒ-©, from panache, a plume or bunch of fethers.]

Radiated; diversified with natural stripes of various colors; as a flower. [Little used.]

Evelyn.

Pennant

PEN'NANT, or PEN'NON, noun [French fanion, pennon; Italian pennone; Spanish pendon; Welsh penwn; Gothic fana; Latin pannus, a cloth.]

1. A small flag; a banner. [See Pendant.]

2. A tackle for hoisting things on board a ship.

Ainsworth.

Pennate

PEN'NATE, or PEN'NATED, adjective [Latin pennatus, winged, from penna, a quill or wing.]

1. Winged.

2. In botany, a pennate leaf is a compound leaf in which a simple petiole has several leaflets attached to each side of it. [See Pinnate.]

Penned

PEN'NED, participle passive Written.

Penned

PEN'NED, adjective Winged; having plumes.

Huloet.

Penner

PEN'NER, noun A writer.

2. A pen-case. [Local.]

Ainsworth.

Penniform

PEN'NIFORM, adjective [Latin penna, a fether or quill, and form.]

Having the form of a quill or fether.

Encyc.

Penniless

PEN'NILESS, adjective [from penny.] Moneyless; destitute of money; poor.

Arbuthnot.

Penning

PEN'NING, participle of the present tense Committing to writing.

Pennon

PENNON. [See Pennant.]

Penny

PEN'NY, noun plu. pennies or pence. Pennies denotes the number of coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. [Saxon penig; Dutch Swedish penning; German pfennig; Danish penge, money.]

1. An ancient English silver coin; but now an imaginary money of account, twelve of which are equal to a shilling. It is the radical denomination from which English coin is numbered.

Johnson.

2. In ancient English statutes, any or all silver money.

3. Proverbially, a small sum. He will not lend a penny.

4. Money in general.

Be sure to turn the penny.

Dryden.

Pennypost

PEN'NYPOST, noun One that carries letters from the post office and delivers them to the proper persons for a penny or other small compensation.

Pennyroyal

PENNYROY'AL, noun A plant of the genus Mentha.

Fam. of Plants.

The English pennyroyal is the Mentha pulegium; the N. American pennyroyal is the Cunila pulegioides.

Parr. Bigelow.

Pennyweight

PEN'NYWEIGHT, noun A troy weight containing twenty four grains, each grain being equal in weight to a grain of wheat from the middle of the ear, well dried. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name. Twenty pennyweights make an ounce troy.

Pennywise

PEN'NYWISE, adjective Saving small sums at the hazard of larger; niggardly on improper occasions.

Bacon.

Pennyworth

PEN'NYWORTH, noun As much as is bought for a penny.

2. Any purchase; any thing bought or sold for money; that which is worth the money given.

South.

3. A good bargain; something advantageously purchased, or for less than it is worth.

Dryden.

4. A small quantity.

Swift.

Pensile

PEN'SILE, adjective [Latin pensilis, from pendeo, to hang.]

1. Hanging; suspended; as a pensile bell.

Bacon. Prior.

2. Supported above the ground; as a pensile garden.

Prior.

Pensileness

PEN'SILENESS, noun The state of hanging.

Bacon.

Pension

PEN'SION, noun [French Spanish id.; Italian pensione; from Latin pensio, from pendo, pensum, to pay.]

1. An annual allowance of a sum of money to a person by government in consideration of past services, civil or military. Men often receive pensions for eminent services on retiring from office. But in particular, officers, soldiers and seamen receive pensions when they are disabled for further services.

2. An annual payment by an individual to an old or disabled servant.

3. In Great Britain, an annual allowance made by government to indigent widows of officers killed or dying in public service.

4. Payment of money; rent. 1 Esdras.

5. A yearly payment in the inns of court.

Eng.

6. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.

Cyc.

7. An allowance or annual payment, considered in the light of a bribe.

Pension

PEN'SION, verb transitive To grant a pension to; to grant an annual allowance from the public treasury to a person for past services, or on account of disability incurred in public service, or of old age.

Pensionary

PEN'SIONARY, adjective Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as pensionary spies.

Donne.

2. Consisting in a pension; as a pensionary provision for maintenance.

Pensionary

PEN'SIONARY, noun A person who receives a pension from government for past services, or a yearly allowance from some prince, company or individual.

2. The first minister of the states of the province of Holland; also, the first minister of the regency of a city in Holland.

Encyc.

Pensioned

PEN'SIONED, participle passive Having a pension.

Pensioner

PEN'SIONER, noun One to whom an annual sum of money is paid by government in consideration of past services.

2. One who receives an annual allowance for services.

3. A dependant.

4. In the university of Cambridge, and in that of Dublin, an undergraduate or bachelor of arts who lives at his own expense.

Encyc.

5. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend on the king of England, and receive a pension or an annual allowance of a hundred pounds. This band was instituted by Henry VII. Their duty is to guard the king's person in his own house.

Encyc. Cyc.

Pensioning

PEN'SIONING, participle of the present tense Granting an annual allowance for past services.

Pensive

PEN'SIVE, adjective [Italian pensivo, pensieroso; Spanish pensativo; French pensif, from penser, to think or reflect; Latin penso, to weigh, to consider; pendo, to weigh.]

1. Literally, thoughtful; employed in serious study or reflection; but it often implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, depression or gloom of mind; thoughtful and sad, or sorrowful.

Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppress'd.

Pope.

2. Expressing thoughtfulness with sadness; as pensive numbers; pensive strains.

Prior.

Pensively

PEN'SIVELY, adverb With thoughtfulness; with gloomy seriousness or some degree of melancholy.

Spenser.

Pensiveness

PEN'SIVENESS, noun Gloomy thoughtfulness; melancholy; seriousness from depressed spirits.

Hooker.

Penstock

PEN'STOCK, noun [pen and stock.] A narrow or confined place formed by a frame of timber planked or boarded, for holding or conducting the water of a mill-pond to a wheel, and furnished with a flood gate which may be shut or opened at pleasure.

Pent

PENT, participle passive of pen. Shut up; closely confined.

Pentacapsular

PENTACAP'SULAR, adjective [Greek, five, and capsular.] In botany, having five capsules.

Pentachord

PEN'TACHORD, noun [Greek, five, and chord.]

1. An instrument of music with five strings.

2. An order or system of five sounds.

Busby.

Pentacoccous

PEN'TACOCCOUS, adjective [Greek, five, and Latin coccus, a berry.]

Having or containing five grains or seeds, or having five united cells with one seed in each.

Martyn.

Pentacoster

PEN'TACOSTER, noun [Greek] In ancient Greece, a military officer commanding fifty men; but the number varied.

Mitford.

Pentacostys

PEN'TACOSTYS, noun [Greek] A body of fifty soldiers; but the number varied.

Mitford.

Pentacrinite

PENTAC'RINITE, noun The fossil remains of a zoophyte.

Pentacrostic

PENTACROS'TIC, adjective [Greek, five, and acrostic.]

Containing five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of each verse.

Pentacrostic

PENTACROS'TIC, noun A set of verses so disposed as to have five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of each verse.

Encyc.

Pentadactyl

PENTADAC'TYL, noun [Greek, five, and, finger.]

1. In botany, a plant called five fingers; a name given to the Ricinus or Palma Christi, from the shape of its leaf.

Encyc.

2. In ichthyology, the five fingered fish; a name given to a fish common in the East Indian seas, which has five black streaks on each side resembling the prints of five fingers.

Encyc.

Pentagon

PEN'TAGON, noun [Greek, five, and, a corner.]

1. In geometry, a figure of five sides and five angles.

Encyc.

2. In fortification, a fort with five bastions.

Encyc.

Pentagonal

PENTAG'ONAL, or PENTAG'ONOUS, adjective Having five corners or angles.

Woodward. Lee. Martyn.

Pentagraph

PEN'TAGRAPH, noun [Greek, five, and, to write.]

An instrument for drawing figures in any proportion at pleasure, or for copying or reducing a figure, plan, print, &c. to any desired size.

Pentagraphic

PENTAGRAPH'IC, or PENTAGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a pentagraph; performed by a pentagraph.

Pentagyn

PEN'TAGYN, noun [Greek, five, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having five pistils.

Pentagynian

PENTAGYN'IAN, adjective Having five pistils.

Pentahedral

PENTAHE'DRAL, or PENTAHE'DROUS, adjective Having five equal sides.

Pentahedron

PENTAHE'DRON, noun [Greek, five, and, a side or base.] A figure having five equal sides.

Pentahexahedral

PENTAHEXAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, five, and hexahedral.]

In crystalography, exhibiting five ranges of faces one above another, each range containing six faces.

Cleaveland.

Pentameter

PENTAM'ETER, noun [Greek, five, and, measure.]

In ancient poetry, a verse of five feet. The two first feet may be either dactyls or spondees; the third is always a spondee, and the two last anapests. A pentameter verse subjoined to a hexameter, constitutes what is called elegiac.

Encyc.

Pentameter

PENTAM'ETER, adjective Having five metrical feet.

Warton.

Pentander

PENTAN'DER, noun [Greek, five, and, a male.]

In botany, a plant having five stamens.

Pentandrian

PENTAN'DRIAN, adjective Having five stamens.

Pentangular

PENTAN'GULAR, adjective [Greek, five, and angular.] Having five corners or angles.

Grew.

Pentapetalous

PENTAPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, five, and, a petal.]

Having five petals or flower leaves.

Encyc.

Pentaphyllous

PENTAPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, five, and, a leaf.] Having five leaves.

Pentarchy

PEN'TARCHY, noun [Greek, five, and, rule.]

A government in the hands of five persons.

Brewer.

Pentaspast

PEN'TASPAST, noun [Greek, five, and, to draw.]

An engine with five pulleys.

Dict.

Pentaspermous

PENTASPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, five, and, seed.] Containing five seeds.

Encyc.

Pentastich

PEN'TASTICH, noun [Greek, five, and, verse.]

A composition consisting of five verses.

Dict.

Pentastyle

PEN'TASTYLE, noun [Greek, five, and, a column.]

In architecture, a work containing five rows of columns.

Pentateuch

PEN'TATEUCH, noun [Greek, five, and, a book or composition.]

The first five books of the Old Testament.

Penteconter

PEN'TECONTER, noun [from the Greek.]

A Grecian vessel of fifty oars, smaller than a trireme.

Mitford.

Pentecost

PEN'TECOST, noun [Greek, fiftieth.]

1. A solemn festival of the Jews, so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day after the sixteenth of Nisan, which was the second day of the passover. It was called the feast of weeks, because it was celebrated seven weeks after the passover. It was instituted to oblige the people to repair to the temple of the Lord, there to acknowledge his absolute dominion over the country, and offer him the first fruits of their harvest; also that they might call to mind and give thanks to God for the law which he had given them at Sinai on the fiftieth day from their departure from Egypt.

Calmet. Encyc.

2. Whitsuntide, a solemn feast of the church, held in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. Acts 2.

Pentecostal

PEN'TECOSTAL, adjective Pertaining to Whitsuntide.

Sanderson.

Pentecostals

PENTECOS'TALS, noun Oblations formerly made by parishioners to the parish priest at the feast of Pentecost, and sometimes by inferior churches to the mother church.

Cowel.

Penthouse

PENT'HOUSE, noun [French pente, a slope, and house. In Welsh, penty.]

A shed standing aslope from the main wall or building.

Pentice

PEN'TICE, noun [Italian pendice, a declivity, from Latin pendo, to bend.]

A sloping roof. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Pentile

PEN'TILE, noun [French pente, a bending, and tile.]

A tile for covering the sloping part of a roof. [Qu. pantile.]

Johnson.

Pentremite

PEN'TREMITE, noun A genus of zoophytes or fossil shells.

Penult

PENULT', noun [Latin penultimus; pene, almost, and ultimus, last.]

The last syllable of a word except one.

Penultimate

PENULT'IMATE, adjective [supra.] The last but one; a word used of the last syllable of a word except one. It may be sometimes used as a noun.

Penumbra

PENUM'BRA, noun [Latin pene, almost, and umbra, shade.]

In astronomy, a partial shade or obscurity on the margin of the perfect shade in an eclipse, or between the perfect shade, where the light is entirely intercepted, and the full light.

Cyc.

Penurious

PENU'RIOUS, adjective [Italian penurioso, from Latin penuria, scarcity, want; Greek, poor; rare.]

1. Excessively saving or sparing in the use of money; parsimonious to a fault; sordid; as a penurious man. It expresses somewhat less than niggardly.

2. Scanty; affording little; as a penurious spring.

Addison.

Penuriously

PENU'RIOUSLY, adverb In a saving or parsimonious manner; with scanty supply.

Penuriousness

PENU'RIOUSNESS, noun Parsimony; a sordid disposition to save money.

Addison.

2. Scantiness; not plenty.

Penury

PEN'URY, noun [Latin penuria, from Greek, needy.]

Want of property; indigence; extreme poverty.

All innocent they were exposed to hardship and penury.

Sprat.

Peon

PE'ON, noun In Hindoostan, a foot soldier, or a footman armed with sword and target; said to be corrupted from piadah. [Qu. Latin pes, pedis.] Hence,

2. In France, a common man in chess; usually written and called pawn.

Peony

PE'ONY, noun [Latin poeonia; Greek, from, Apollo.]

A plant and flower of the genus Paeonia. It is written also piony.

People

PEOPLE, noun [French peuple; Latin populus; Welsh pawb, pob, each, every one; poblac, common people; German pobel; Irish pupal, pobal; Spanish pueblo; Russian bobiel, a peasant. This word coincides in elements with babe and pupil, and perhaps originally signified the children of a family, like gens.]

1. The body of persons who compose a community, town, city or nation. We say, the people of a town; the people of London or Paris; the English people. In this sense, the word is not used in the plural, but it comprehends all classes of inhabitants, considered as a collective body, or any portion of the inhabitants of a city or country.

2. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate persons.

The knowing artist may judge better than the people.

Waller.

3. The commonalty, as distinct from men of rank.

Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor,

And strive to gain his pardon from the people.

Addison.

4. Persons of a particular class; a part of a nation or community; as country people.

5. Persons in general; any persons indefinitely; like on in French, and man in Saxon.

People were tempted to lend by great premiums and large interest.

Swift.

6. A collection or community of animals.

The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer. Proverbs 30.

7. When people signifies a separate nation or tribe, it has the plural number.

Thou must prophesy again before many peoples. Revelation 10.

8. In Scripture, fathers or kindred. Genesis 25.

9. The Gentiles.

Ã‚--To him shall the gathering of the people be. Genesis 49.

People

PEOPLE, verb transitive [French peupler.] To stock with inhabitants. Emigrants from Europe have peopled the United States.

Peopled

PEOPLED, participle passive Stocked or furnished with inhabitants.

Peopling

PEOPLING, participle of the present tense Stocking with inhabitants.

Peoplish

PEOPLISH, adjective Vulgar.

Chaucer.

Pepastic

PEPAS'TIC, noun [Greek, to concoct or mature.]

A medicine that serves to help digestion; applied particularly to such medicines as tend to promote the digestion of wounds.

Coxe.

Pepper

PEP'PER, noun [Latin piper; Saxon peppor; Dutch peper; Swedish peppar; German pfeffer; Danish peber; French poivre; Italian pepe; Greek; Hindoo, pipel; Sanscrit, pipali; Pers. pilpil.]

A plant and its seed or grain, of the genus Piper. The stem of the plant is a vine requiring a prop, which is usually a tree. The leaves are oval and the flower white. We have three kinds of pepper, the black, the white, and the long. The black pepper is the produce of Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, and other Asiatic countries; the white pepper is the black pepper decorticated; the long pepper is the fruit of a different species, also from the E. Indies. It consists of numerous grains attached to a common footstalk. Pepper has a strong aromatic smell and a pungent taste.

Asiat. Res. Encyc.

Pepper

PEP'PER, verb transitive To sprinkle with pepper.

2. To beat; to pelt with shot; to mangle with blows.

Shak.

Pepper-Box

PEP'PER-BOX, noun A small box with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling pulverized pepper on food.

Pepper-Cake

PEP'PER-CAKE, noun A kind of spiced cake or gingerbread.

Pepper-Corn

PEP'PER-CORN, noun The berry or seed of the pepper-plant.

2. Something of inconsiderable value; as lands held at the rent of a pepper-corn.

Peppered

PEP'PERED, participle passive Sprinkled with pepper; pelted; spotted.

Pepper-Gingerbread

PEPPER-GIN'GERBREAD, noun A kind of cake made in England.

Peppergrass

PEP'PERGRASS, noun A plant of the genus Pilularia; also, a plant of the genus Lepidium.

Peppering

PEP'PERING, participle of the present tense Sprinkling with pepper; pelting.

2. adjective Hot; pungent; angry.

Swift.

Peppermint

PEP'PERMINT, noun A plant of the genus Mentha. It is aromatic and pungent. Also, a liquor distilled from the plant.

Peppermint-Tree

PEP'PERMINT-TREE, noun The Eucalyptus piperita, a native of New South Wales.

Encyc.

Pepper-Pot

PEP'PER-POT, noun A plant of the genus Capsicum.

Pepper-Tree

PEP'PER-TREE, noun A plant of the genus Vitis.

Pepper-Water

PEP'PER-WATER, noun A liquor prepared from powdered black pepper; used in microscopical observations.

Encyc.

Pepper-Wort

PEP'PER-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Lepidium.

Peptic

PEP'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to digest.]

Promoting digestion; dietetic, as peptic precepts.

Kitchener.

Per

PER, a Latin preposition, denoting through, passing, or over the whole extent, as in perambulo. Hence it is sometimes equivalent to very in English, as in peracutus, very sharp. As a prefix, in English, it retains these significations, and in chimistry it is used to denote very or fully, to the utmost extent, as in peroxyd, a substance oxydated to the utmost degree.

Per is used also for by, as per bearer, by the bearer.

Per annum, [Latin] by the year; in each year successively.

Per se, [Latin] by himself; by itself; by themselves.

Peracute

PERACU'TE, adjective [Latin peracutus; per, through, and acutus, sharp.]

Very sharp; very violent; as a peracute fever. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Peradventure

PERADVENT'URE, adverb [French par aventure; par, by, and aventure, from Latin venio, to come.]

By chance; perhaps; it may be.

Hooker.

It has been used as a noun for doubt or question, but rather improperly. The word is obsolescent and inelegant.

Peragrate

PER'AGRATE, verb intransitive [Latin peragro; per, through, over, and ager, a field.]

To travel over or through; to wander; to ramble. [Little used.]

Peragration

PERAGRA'TION, noun The act of passing through any space; as the peragration of the moon in her monthly revolution. [Little used.]

Brown. Holder.

Perambulate

PERAM'BULATE, verb transitive [Latin perambulo; per and ambulo, to walk.]

To walk through or over; properly and technically, to pass through or over for the purpose of surveying or examining something; to visit as overseers; as, to perambulate a parish. So in New England, the laws require the selectmen of towns to appoint suitable persons annually to perambulate the borders or bounds of the township, and renew the boundaries, or see that the old ones are in a good state.

Perambulated

PERAM'BULATED, participle passive Passed over; inspected.

Perambulating

PERAM'BULATING, participle of the present tense Passing over or through for the purpose of inspection.

Perambulation

PERAMBULA'TION, noun The act of passing or walking through or over.

Bacon.

2. A traveling survey or inspection.

Howell.

3. A district within which a person has the right of inspection; jurisdiction.

Holiday.

4. Annual survey of the bounds of a parish in England, or of a township in America.

Perambulator

PERAM'BULATOR, noun An instrument or wheel for measuring distances, to be used in surveying or traveling; called also a pedometer.

Encyc.

Perbisulphate

PERBISUL'PHATE, noun A sulphate with two proportions of sulphuric acid, and combined with an oxyd at the maximum of oxydation.

Silliman.

Percarbureted

PERC'ARBURETED, adjective The percarbureted hydrogen of the French chimists is said to be the only definite compound of these two elements.

Ure.

Percase

PERCA'SE, adverb [per and case, by case.] Perhaps; perchance. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Perceant

PER'CEANT, adjective [French perÃƒ-§ant.] Piercing; penetrating. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Perceivable

PERCE'IVABLE, adjective [See Perceive.] Perceptible; that may be perceived; that may fall under perception or the cognizance of the senses; that may be felt, seen, heard, smelt or tasted. We say, the roughness of cloth is perceivable; the dawn of the morning is perceivable; the sound of a bell is perceivable; the scent of an orange is perceivable; the difference of taste in an apple and an orange is perceivable.

2. That may be known, understood or conceived. [Less proper.]

Perceivably

PERCE'IVABLY, adverb In such a manner as to be perceived.

Perceivance

PERCE'IVANCE, noun Power of perceiving. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Perceive

PERCE'IVE, verb transitive [Latin percipio; per and capio, to take.]

1. To have knowledge or receive impressions of external objects through the medium or instrumentality of the senses or bodily organs; as, to perceive light or color; to perceive the cold of ice or the taste of honey.

2. To know; to understand; to observe.

Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our own understanding, we are in the dark.

Locke.

3. To be affected by; to receive impressions from.

The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter of tempests before the air below.

Bacon.

Perceived

PERCE'IVED, participle passive Known by the senses; felt; understood; observed.

Perceiver

PERCE'IVER, noun One who perceives, feels or observes.

Perceptibility

PERCEPTIBIL'ITY, noun The state or quality of being perceptible; as the perceptibility of light or color.

2. Perception. [Less proper.]

More.

Perceptible

PERCEP'TIBLE, adjective [French; from Latin percipio, perceptus.]

1. That may be perceived; that may impress the bodily organs; that may come under the cognizance of the senses; as a perceptible degree of heat or cold; a perceptible odor; a perceptible sound. A thing may be too minute to be perceptible to the touch.

2. That may be known or conceived of.

Perceptibly

PERCEP'TIBLY, adverb In a manner to be perceived.

The woman decays perceptibly every week.

Pope.

Perception

PERCEP'TION, noun [Latin perceptio. See Perceive.]

1. The act of perceiving or of receiving impressions by the senses; or that act or process of the mind which makes known an external object. In other words, the notice which the mind takes of external objects. We gain a knowledge of the coldness and smoothness of marble by perception.

2. In philosophy, the faculty of perceiving; the faculty or peculiar part of man's constitution, by which he has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily organs.

Reid. Encyc.

3. Notion; idea.

Hall.

4. The state of being affected or capable of being affected by something external.

This experiment discovers perception in plants.

Bacon.

Perceptive

PERCEP'TIVE, adjective Having the faculty of perceiving.

Glanville.

Perceptivity

PERCEPTIV'ITY, noun The power of perception or thinking.

Locke.

Perch

PERCH, noun [French perche; Latin perca; German bars, a perch, and barsch, sharp, keen, pungent; Dutch baars; Swedish abbore; Danish aborre. It would seem from the German, that this fish is named from its prickly spines, and the name allied to perk.]

A fish of the genus Perca. This fish has a deep body, very rough scales, an arched back, and prickly dorsal fins.

Perch

PERCH, noun [French perche; Latin pertica; Welsh perc; Armoric perchen; probably allied to the former word in the sense of sharpness, shooting or extending. See Perk.]

1. A pole; hence, a roost for fowls, which is often a pole; also, any thing on which they light.

2. A measure of length containing five yards and a half; a rod. In the popular language of America, rod is chiefly used; but rod, pole and perch, all signifying the same thing, may be used indifferently.

Perch

PERCH, verb intransitive To sit or roost; as a bird.

2. To light or settle on a fixed body; as a bird.

Perch

PERCH, verb transitive To place on a fixed object or perch.

More.

Perchance

PERCH`ANCE, adverb [per and chance.] By chance; perhaps.

Wotton.

Perchers

PERCH'ERS, noun Paris candles anciently used in England; also, a larger sort of wax candles which were usually set on the altar.

Bailey.

Perchlorate

PERCHLO'RATE, noun A compound of perchloric acid with a base.

Perchloric

PERCHLO'RIC, adjective Perchloric acid is chlorine converted into an acid by combining with a maximum of oxygen.

Silliman.

Percipient

PERCIP'IENT, adjective [Latin percipiens.] Perceiving; having the faculty of perception. Animals are percipient beings; mere matter is not percipient.

Bentley.

Percipient

PERCIP'IENT, noun One that perceives or has the faculty of perception.

More.

Perclose

PERCLO'SE, noun s as z. Conclusion. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

Percolate

PER'COLATE, verb transitive [Latin percolo; per and colo, to strain; French couler, to flow or run.]

To strain through; to cause to pass through small interstices, as a liquor; to filter.

Hale.

Percolate

PER'COLATE, verb intransitive To pass through small interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through a porous stone.

Percolated

PER'COLATED, participle passive Filtered; passed through small interstices.

Percolating

PER'COLATING, participle of the present tense Filtering.

Perclation

PERCLA'TION, noun The act of straining or filtering; filtration; the act of passing through small interstices, as liquor through felt or a porous stone.

Percolation is intended for the purification of liquors.

Bacon.

Percuss

PERCUSS', verb transitive [Latin percussus, from percutio, to strike.] To strike. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Percussion

PERCUS'SION, noun [Latin percussio.] The act of striking one body against another, with some violence; as the vibrations excited in the air by percussion.

Newton.

2. The impression one body makes on another by falling on it or striking it.

Encyc.

3. The impression or effect of sound on the ear.

Rymer.

Percutient

PERCU'TIENT, noun [Latin percutiens.] That which strikes, or has power to strike.

Bacon.

Perdifoil

PER'DIFOIL, noun [Latin perdo, to lose, and folium, leaf.]

A plant that annually loses or drops its leaves; opposed to evergreen.

The passion flower of America and the jasmine of Malabar, which are evergreens in their native climates, become perdifoils when transplanted into Britain.

Barton.

Perdition

PERDI'TION, noun [Latin perditio, from perdo, to lose, to ruin. Qu. per and do, or Greek.]

1. Entire loss or ruin; utter destruction; as the perdition of the Turkish fleet.

Shak.

[In this sense, the word is now nearly or wholly obsolete.]

2. The utter loss of the soul or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death. The impenitent sinner is condemned to final perdition.

If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition.

J.M. Mason.

3. Loss. [Not used.]

Shak.

Perdu

PERDU', or PERDU'E, adverb [French perdu, lost, from perdre, to lose, Latin perdo.]

Close; in concealment.

The moderator, out of view,

Beneath the desk had lain perdue.

Trumbull's M'Fingal.

Perdu

PERDU', noun One that is placed on the watch or in ambush.

Shak.

Perdu

PERDU', adjective Abandoned; employed on desperate purposes; accustomed to desperate purposes or enterprises.

Beaum. and Fletcher.

Perdulous

PER'DULOUS, adjective [French perdu, from Latin perdo.] Lost; thrown away. [Not used.]

Bramhall.

Perdurable

PERDU'RABLE, adjective [French from Latin perduro; per and duro, to last.]

Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Not used.]

Shak. Drayton.

Perdurably

PERDU'RABLY, adverb Very durably. [Not used.]

Shak.

Perduration

PERDURA'TION, noun Long continuance. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Perdy

PER'DY, adverb [French par Dieu.] Certainly; verily; in truth. Obs.

Spenser.

Peregal

PER'EGAL, adjective [French per and egal, equal.] Equal. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Peregrinate

PER'EGRINATE, verb intransitive [Latin peregrinor, from peregrinus, a traveler or stranger; peragro, to wander; per and ager.]

To travel from place to place or from one country to another; to live in a foreign country.

Dict.

Peregrination

PEREGRINA'TION, noun A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; abode in foreign countries.

Hammond. Bentley.

Peregrinator

PER'EGRINATOR, noun A traveler into foreign countries.

Casaubon.

Peregrine

PER'EGRINE, adjective [Latin peregrinus.] Foreign; not native. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Peregrine falcon, a species of hawk, the black hawk or falcon, found in America and in Asia, and which wanders in summer to the Arctic circle.

Pennant.

Perempt

PEREMPT', verb transitive [Latin peremptus, perimo, to kill.]

In law, to kill; to crush or destroy. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Peremption

PEREMP'TION, noun [Latin peremptio.] A killing; a quashing; nonsuit. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Peremptorily

PER'EMPTORILY, adverb [from peremptory.]

Absolutely; positively; in a decisive manner; so as to preclude further debate.

Never judge peremptorily on first appearances.

Clarissa.

Peremptoriness

PER'EMPTORINESS, noun Positiveness; absolute decision; dogmatism.

Peremptoriness is of two sorts; one, a magisterialness in matters of opinion; the other, a positiveness in matters of fact.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Peremptory

PER'EMPTORY, adjective [French peremptoire; Italian perentorio; Latin peremptorius, from peremptus, taken away, killed.]

1. Express; positive; absolute; decisive; authoritative; in a manner to preclude debate or expostulation. The orders of the commander are peremptory.

2. Positive in opinion or judgment. The genuine effect of sound learning is to make men less peremptory in their determinations.

3. Final; determinate.

4. Peremptory challenge, in law, a challenge or right of challenging jurors without showing cause.

Perennial

PEREN'NIAL, adjective [Latin perennis; per and annus, a year.]

1. Lasting or continuing without cessation through the year.

Cheyne.

2. Perpetual; unceasing; never failing.

Harvey.

3. In botany, continuing more than two years; as a perennial stem or root.

Martyn.

4. Continuing without intermission; as a fever.

Coxe.

Perennial

PEREN'NIAL, noun In botany, a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves or not. That which retains its leaves during winter is called an evergreen; that which casts its leaves, deciduous, or a perdifoil.

Perennially

PEREN'NIALLY, adverb Continually; without ceasing.

Perennity

PEREN'NITY, noun [Latin perennitas.] An enduring or continuing through the whole year without ceasing.

Derham.

Pererration

PERERRA'TION, noun [Latin pererro; per and erro, to wander.]

A wandering or rambling through various places.

Howell.

Perfect

PER'FECT, adjective [Latin perfectus, perficio, to complete; per and facio, to do or make through, to carry to the end.]

1. Finished; complete; consummate; not defective; having all that is requisite to its nature and kind; as a perfect statue; a perfect likeness; a perfect work; a perfect system.

As full, as perfect in a hair as heart.

Pope.

2. Fully informed; completely skilled; as men perfect in the use of arms; perfect in discipline.

3. Complete in moral excellencies.

Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father who is in heaven is perfect. Matthew 5.

4. Manifesting perfection.

My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Corinthians 12.

Perfect chord, in music, a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the fifth and the octave; a perfect consonance.

A perfect flower, in botany, has both stamen and pistil, or at least anther and stigma.

Martyn.

Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit tense; a tense which expresses an act completed.

Perfect

PER'FECT, verb transitive [Latin perfectus, perficio.] To finish or complete so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to any thing all that is requisite to its nature and kind; as, to perfect a picture or statue. 2 Chronicles 8.

Ã‚--Inquire into the nature and properties of things, and thereby perfect our ideas of distinct species.

Locke.

If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us. 1 John 4.

2. To instruct fully; to make fully skillful; as, to perfect one's self in the rules of music or architecture; to perfect soldiers in discipline.

Perfected

PER'FECTED, participle passive Finished; completed.

Perfecter

PER'FECTER, noun One that makes perfect.

Broome.

Perfectibility

PERFECTIBIL'ITY, noun [from perfectible.]

The capacity of becoming or being made perfect.

Perfectible

PERFECT'IBLE, adjective Capable of becoming or being made perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the species.

Perfecting

PER'FECTING, participle of the present tense Finishing; completing; consummating.

Perfection

PERFEC'TION, noun [Latin perfectio.] The state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; as perfection in an art or science; perfection in a system of morals.

2. Physical perfection, is when a natural object has all its powers, faculties or qualities entire and in full vigor, and all its parts in due proportion.

Encyc.

3. Metaphysical or transcendental perfection, is the possession of all the essential attributes or all the parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. This is absolute, where all defect is precluded, such as the perfection of God; or according to its kind, as in created things.

Encyc.

4. Moral perfection, is the complete possession of all moral excellence, as in the Supreme Being; or the possession of such moral qualities and virtues as a thing is capable of.

5. A quality, endowment or acquirement completely excellent, or of great worth.

In this sense, the word has a plural.

What tongue can her perfections tell?

Sidney.

6. An inherent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite excellence; or one perfect in its kind; as the perfections of God. The infinite power, holiness, justice, benevolence and wisdom of God are denominated his perfections.

7. Exactness; as, to imitate a model to perfection.

Perfectional

PERFEC'TIONAL, adjective Made complete.

Pearson.

Perfectionate

PERFEC'TIONATE, used by Dryden and Tooke, in lieu of the verb to perfect, is a useless word.

Perfectionist

PERFEC'TIONIST, noun One pretending to perfection; an enthusiast in religion.

South.

Perfective

PERFECT'IVE, adjective Conducing to make perfect or bring to perfection; followed by of.

Praise and adoration are actions perfective of the soul.

More.

Perfectively

PERFECT'IVELY, adverb In a manner that brings to perfection.

Grew.

Perfectly

PER'FECTLY, adverb In the highest degree of excellence.

2. Totally; completely; as work perfectly executed or performed; a thing perfectly new.

3. Exactly; accurately; as a proposition perfectly understood.

Perfectness

PER'FECTNESS, noun Completeness; consummate excellence; perfection.

2. The highest degree of goodness or holiness of which man is capable in this life.

And above all things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness. Colossians 3.

3. Accurate skill.

Shak.

Perficient

PERFI'CIENT, noun [Latin perficiens.] One who endows a charity.

Perfidious

PERFID'IOUS, adjective [Latin perfidus; per and fidus, faithful. Per in this word signifies through, beyond, or by, aside.]

1. Violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence reposed; treacherous; as a perfidious agent; a perfidious friend. [See Perfidy.]

2. Proceeding from treachery, or consisting in breach of faith; as a perfidious act.

3. Guilty of violated allegiance; as a perfidious citizen; a man perfidious to his country.

Perfidiously

PERFID'IOUSLY, adverb Treacherously; traitorously; by breach of faith or allegiance.

Swift.

Perfidiousness

PERFID'IOUSNESS, noun The quality of being perfidious; treachery; traitorousness; breach of faith, of vows or allegiance.

Perfidy

PER'FIDY, noun [Latin perfidia; per and fides, faith.]

The act of violating faith, a promise, vow or allegiance; treachery; the violation of a trust reposed. Perfidy is not applied to violations of contracts in ordinary pecuniary transactions, but to violations of faith or trust in friendship, in agency and office, in allegiance, in connubial engagements, and in the transactions of kings.

Perflate

PERFLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin perflo; per and flo, to blow.] To blow through.

Harvey.

Perflation

PERFLA'TION, noun The act of blowing through.

Woodward.

Perfoliate

PERFO'LIATE, adjective [Latin per and folium, a leaf.]

In botany, a perfoliate or perforated leaf, is one that has the base entirely surrounding the stem transversely.

Martyn.

Perforate

PER'FORATE, verb transitive [Latin perforo; per and foro, to bore.]

1. To bore through.

2. To pierce with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through any thing by boring or driving; as, to perforate the bottom of a vessel.

Perforated

PER'FORATED, participle passive Bored or pierced through; pierced.

Perforating

PER'FORATING, participle of the present tense Boring or piercing through; piercing.

Perforation

PERFORA'TION, noun The act of boring or piercing through.

2. A hole or aperture passing through any thing, or into the interior of a substance, whether natural or made by an instrument.

Perforative

PER'FORATIVE, adjective Having power to pierce; as an instrument.

Perforator

PER'FORATOR, noun An instrument that bores or perforates.

Sharp.

Perforce

PERFORCE, adverb [per and force.] By force or violence.

Shak.

Perform

PERFORM', verb transitive [Latin per and formo, to make.]

1. To do; to execute; to accomplish; as, to perform two days' labor in one day; to perform a noble deed or achievment.

2. To execute; to discharge; as, to perform a duty or office.

3. To fulfill; as, to perform a covenant, promise or contract; to perform a vow.

Perform

PERFORM', verb intransitive To do; to act a part.

The player performs well in different characters. The musician performs well on the organ.

Performable

PERFORM'ABLE, adjective That may be done, executed or fulfilled; practicable.

Brown.

Performance

PERFORM'ANCE, noun Execution or completion of any thing; a doing; as the performance of work or of an undertaking; the performance of duty.

2. Action; deed; thing done.

Shak.

3. The acting or exhibition of character on the stage. Garrick was celebrated for his theatrical performances.

4. Composition; work written.

Few of our comic performances give good examples.

Clarissa.

5. The acting or exhibition of feats; as performances of horsemanship.

Performed

PERFORM'ED, participle passive Done; executed; discharged.

Performer

PERFORM'ER, noun One that performs any thing, particularly in an art; as a good performer on the violin or organ; a celebrated performer in comedy or tragedy, or in the circus.

Performing

PERFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Doing; executing; accomplishing.

Performing

PERFORM'ING, noun Act done; deed; act of executing.

Swift.

Perfumatory

PERFU'MATORY, adjective [from perfume.]

That perfumes.

Leigh.

Perfume

PERFU'ME, noun [French parfum; Italian profumo; Spanish perfume; Latin per and fumus, smoke, or fumo, to fumigate.]

1. A substance that emits a scent or odor which affects agreeably the organs of smelling, as musk, civet, spices or aromatics of any kind; or any composition of aromatic substances.

2. The scent, odor or volatile particles emitted from sweet smelling substances.

No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field.

Pope.

Perfume

PERFU'ME, verb transitive To scent; to fill or impregnate with a grateful odor; as, to perfume an apartment; to perfume a garment.

And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies.

Pope.

Perfumed

PERFU'MED, participle passive Scented; impregnated with fragrant odors.

Perfumer

PERFU'MER, noun He or that which perfumes.

2. One whose trade is to sell perfumes.

Bacon.

Perfumery

PERFU'MERY, noun Perfumes in general.

Perfuming

PERFU'MING, participle of the present tense Scenting; impregnating with sweet odors.

Perfunctorily

PERFUNC'TORILY, adverb [Latin perfunctorie, from perfungor; per and fungor, to do or execute.]

Carelessly; negligently; in a manner to satisfy external form.

Clarendon.

Perfunctoriness

PERFUNC'TORINESS, noun Negligent performance; carelessness.

Whitlock.

Perfunctory

PERFUNC'TORY, adjective [supra.] Slight; careless; negligent.

Woodward.

2. Done only for the sake of getting rid of the duty.

Bickersteth.

Perfuse

PERFU'SE, verb transitive s as z. [Latin perfusus, perfundo; per and fundo, to pour.] To sprinkle, pour or spread over.

Harvey.

Pergola

PER'GOLA, noun [Italian] A kind of arbor.

Finett.

Perhaps

PERHAPS', adverb [per and hap. See Happen.] By chance; it may be.

Perhaps her love, perhaps her kingdom charmed him.

Smith.

Perinath

PER'INATH, noun [Greek, about, and, flower.]

The calyx of a flower when contiguous to the other parts of fructification.

Martyn.

Periapt

PER'IAPT, noun [Greek, to fit or tie to.]

An amulet; a charm worn to defend against disease or mischief. [Not used.]

Hanmer. Shak.

Periauger

PERIAUGER, or PERIAGUA. [See Pirogue.]

Pericardium

PERICARD'IUM, noun [Greek, around, and, the heart.]

A membrane that incloses the heart. It contains a liquor which prevents the surface of the heart from becoming dry by its continual motion.

Quincy.

Pericarp

PER'ICARP, noun [Greek, about, and, fruit.]

The seed-vessel of a plant; a general name including the capsule, legume, silique, follicle, drupe, pome, berry and strobile.

Martyn.

Pericranium

PERICRA'NIUM, noun [Greek, about, and, the skull.]

The periosteum or membrane that invests the skull.

Coxe.

Periculous

PERIC'ULOUS, adjective [Latin periculosus. See Peril.] Dangerous; hazardous.

Brown.

Peridodecahedral

PERIDODECAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, and dodecahedral.]

Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a prism of twelve sides.

Cleaveland.

Peridot

PER'IDOT, noun [French] Another name of the chrysolite. It may be known by its leek or olive green color of various shades, and by its infusibility. It is found in grains, granular masses, and rounded crystals.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Periecian

PERIE'CIAN, noun [Greek.] An inhabitant of the opposite side of the globe, in the same parallel of latitude.

Perigee

PER'IGEE, or PERIGE'UM, noun [Greek, about, and, the earth.]

That point in the orbit of the sun or moon in which it is at the least distance from the earth; opposed to apogee.

Encyc.

Perigord-Stone

PER'IGORD-STONE, noun An ore of manganese of a dark gray color, like basalt or trap; so called from Perigord, in France.

Encyc.

Perigraph

PER'IGRAPH, noun [Greek, about, and, a writing.]

1. A careless or inaccurate delineation of any thing.

2. The white lines or impressions that appear on the musculus rectus of the abdomen.

Encyc.

Perigynous

PERIG'YNOUS, adjective [Greek, about, and, female.]

In botany, inserted around the pistil, as the corol or stamens; having the corol or stamens inserted around the pistil, as a flower or plant.

Jussieu. Smith.

Perihelion

PERIHE'LION, or PERIHE'LIUM, noun [Greek, about, and, the sun.]

That part of the orbit of a planet or comet, in which it is at its least distance from the sun; opposed to aphelion.

Encyc.

Perihexahedral

PERIHEXAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, and hexahedral.]

Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four sided prism, and in the secondary form is converted into a prism of six sides.

Cleaveland.

Peril

PER'IL, noun [French; Italian periglio; Spanish peligro; Portugese perigo; from Latin periculum from Greek, to try, to attempt, that is, to strain; an attempt, danger, hazard; allied to, to pass, to thrust in or transfix. is also the point or edge of a sword, coinciding with Welsh ber and pÃƒ-ªr, a spit, a spear or pike. Hence Latin experior, experience. The Greek is expressed in Dutch by vaaren, to go to sail, to fare; gevaar, danger, peril; German gefahr, from fahren. These words are all of one family. See Pirate. The primary sense of peril is an advance, a pushing or going forward; the radical sense of boldness. The Welsh has perig, perilous, from pÃƒ-ªr, and peri, to bid or command, the root of Latin impero, from the same root.]

1. Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; particular exposure of person or property to injury, loss or destruction from any cause whatever.

In perils of waters; in perils of robbers. 2 Corinthians 11.

2. Danger denounced; particular exposure. You do it at your peril, or at the peril of your father's displeasure.

Peril

PER'IL, verb intransitive To be in danger. [Not used.]

Milton.

Perilous

PER'ILOUS, adjective [French perileux.] Dangerous; hazardous; full of risk; as a perilous undertaking; a perilous situation.

2. Vulgarly used for very, like mighty; as perilous shrewd. Obs.

Hudibras.

3. Smart; witty; as a perilous [parlous] boy. [Vulgar and obsolete.]

Perilously

PER'ILOUSLY, adverb Dangerously; with hazard.

Perilousness

PER'ILOUSNESS, noun Dangerousness; danger; hazard.

Perimeter

PERIM'ETER, noun [Greek, about, and, measure.]

In geometry, the bounds and limits of a body or figure. The perimeters of surfaces or figures are lines; those of bodies are surfaces. In circular figures, instead of perimeter, we use circumference or periphery.

Encyc.

Perioctahedral

PERIOCTAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek and octahedral.]

Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a prism of eight sides.

Period

PE'RIOD, noun [Latin periodus; French periode; Italian Spanish Portugese periodo; Greek; about, and, way.]

1. Properly, a circuit; hence, the time which is taken up by a planet in making its revolution round the sun, or the duration of its course till it returns to the point of its orbit where it began. Thus the period of the earth or its annual revolution is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 30 seconds.

Encyc.

2. In chronology, a stated number of years; a revolution or series of years by which time is measured; as the Calippic period; the Dionysian period; the Julian period.

3. Any series of years or of days in which a revolution is completed, and the same course is to be begun.

4. Any specified portion of time, designated by years, months, days or hours complete; as a period of a thousand years; the period of a year; the period of a day.

5. End; conclusion. Death puts a period to a state of probation.

6. An indefinite portion of any continued state, existence or series of events; as the first period of life; the last period of a king's reign; the early periods of history.

7. State at which any thing terminates; limit.

8. Length or usual length of duration.

Some experiments would be made how by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period.

Bacon.

9. A complete sentence from one full stop to another.

Periods are beautiful when they are not too long.

B. Jonson.

10. The point that marks the end of a complete sentence; a full stop, thus, (.)

11. In numbers, a distinction made by a point or comma after every sixth place or figure.

Encyc.

12. In medicine, the time of intension and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and remission.

Encyc.

Julian period, in chronology, a period of 7980 years; a number produced by multiplying 28, the years of the solar cycle, into 19, the years of the lunar cycle, and their product by 15, the years of the Roman indiction.

Period

PE'RIOD, verb transitive To put an end to. [Not used.]

Shak.

Periodic

PERIOD'IC, or PERIOD'ICAL, adjective [Italian periodico; French periodique.]

1. Performed in a circuit, or in a regular revolution in a certain time, or in a series of successive circuits; as the periodical motion of the planets round the sun; the periodical motion of the moon round the earth.

Watts.

2. Happening by revolution, at a stated time; as, the conjunction of the sun and moon is periodical.

3. Happening or returning regularly in a certain period of time. The Olympiads among the Greeks were periodical, as was the jubilee of the Jews.

4. Performing some action at a stated time; as the periodical fountains in Switzerland, which issue only at a particular hour of the day.

Addison.

5. Pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence.

Adam's Lect.

6. Pertaining to a revolution or regular circuit.

Brown.

Periodically

PERIOD'ICALLY, adverb At stated periods; as a festival celebrated periodically.

Periosteum

PERIOS'TEUM, noun [Greek, about, and, bone.]

A nervous vascular membrane endued with quick sensibility, immediately investing the bones of animals.

Encyc. Coxe.

The periosteum has very little sensibility in a sound state, but in some cases of disease it appears to be very sensible.

Wistar.

Peripatetic

PERIPATET'IC, adjective [Greek, from, to walk about; and.]

Pertaining to Aristotle's system of philosophy, or to the sect of his followers.

Peripatetic

PERIPATET'IC, noun A follower of Aristotle, so called because the founders of his philosophy taught, or his followers disputed questions, walking in the Lyceum at Athens.

Encyc.

2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is obliged to walk, or cannot afford to ride.

Tatler.

Peripateticism

PERIPATET'ICISM, noun The notions or philosophical system of Aristotle and his followers.

Barrow.

Peripheral

PERIPH'ERAL, adjective Peripheric.

Fleming.

Peripheric

PERIPHER'IC, or PERIPHER'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery.

Periphery

PERIPH'ERY, noun [Greek, around, and, to bear.]

The circumference of a circle, ellipsis, or other regular curvilinear figure.

Encyc.

Periphrase

PER'IPHRASE, n. s as z. [Greek; about, and, to speak.]

Circumlocution; a circuit of words; the use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a figure of rhetoric employed to avoid a common and trite manner of expression.

Encyc.

Periphrase

PER'IPHRASE, verb transitive To express by circumlocution.

Periphrase

PER'IPHRASE, verb intransitive To use circumlocution.

Periphrasis

PERIPHRASIS. [See Periphrase.]

Periphrastic

PERIPHRAS'TIC, or PERIPHRAS'TICAL, adjective Circumlocutory; expressing or expressed in more words than are necessary; expressing the sense of one word in many.

Periphrastically

PERIPHRAS'TICALLY, adverb With circumlocution.

Boswell.

Periplus

PER'IPLUS, noun [Greek; about, and, to sail.]

Circumnavigation; a voyage round a certain sea or sea coast.

Vincent.

Peripneumonic

PERIPNEUMON'IC, adjective Pertaining to peripneumony; consisting in an inflammation of the lungs.

Peripneumony

PERIPNEU'MONY, noun [Greek, about, and, the lungs.]

An inflammation of the lungs, or of some part of the thorax, attended with acute fever and difficult respiration.

Encyc.

Peripolygonal

PERIPOLYG'ONAL, adjective [Greek and polygon.]

In crystalography, having a great number of sides.

Periscian

PERIS'CIAN, noun [Greek; around, and, shadow.]

An inhabitant of a frigid zone or within a polar circle, whose shadow moves round, and in the course of the day falls in every point of compass. The Greek word periscii, in the plural, is generally used in geographies; but the English word is preferable.

Perish

PER'ISH, verb intransitive [French perir, perissant; Italian perire; Spanish perecer; from Latin pereo supposed to be compounded of per and eo, to go; literally, to depart wholly.]

1. To die; to lose life in any manner; applied to animals. Men perish by disease or decay, by the sword, by drowning, by hunger or famine, &c.

2. To die; to wither and decay; applied to plants.

3. To waste away; as, a leg or an arm has perished.

4. To be in a state of decay or passing away.

Duration, and time which is a part of it, is the idea we have of perishing distance.

Locke.

5. To be destroyed; to come to nothing.

Perish the lore that deadens young desire.

6. To fail entirely or to be extirpated. 2 Kings 9.

7. To be burst or ruined; as, the bottles shall perish. Luke 5.

8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jeremiah 9.

9. To be injured or tormented. 1 Corinthians 8.

10. To be lost eternally; to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Peter 2.

Perish

PER'ISH, verb transitive To destroy. [Not legitimate.]

Perishable

PER'ISHABLE, adjective Liable to perish; subject to decay and destruction. The bodies of animals and plants are perishable. The souls of men are not perishable.

2. Subject to speedy decay.

Property of a perishable nature, saved from a wreck, may be sold within a year and a day.

Stat. of Conn.

Perishableness

PER'ISHABLENESS, noun Liableness to decay or destruction.

Locke.

Perisperm

PER'ISPERM, noun [Greek, around, and, seed.]

A thick, farinaceous, fleshy, horny or woody part of the seed of plants, either entirely or only partially surrounding the embryo, and inclosed within the investing membrane. It corresponds to the albumen of Gaertner.

Jussieu. Smith.

Perispheric

PERISPHER'IC, adjective [Greek and.]

Globular; having the form of a ball.

Journ. of Science.

Perissological

PERISSOLOG'ICAL, adjective Redundant in words.

Perissology

PERISSOL'OGY, noun [Greek; redundant, and, discourse.]

Superfluous words; much talk to little purpose. [Little used.]

Campbell.

Peristaltic

PERISTAL'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to involve.]

Spiral; vermicular or worm-like. The peristaltic motion of the intestines is performed by the contraction of the circular and longitudinal fibres composing their fleshy coats, by which the chyle is driven into the orifices of the lacteals, and the excrements are protruded towards the anus.

Encyc.

Peristerion

PERISTE'RION, noun [Greek] The herb vervain.

Dict.

Peristyle

PER'ISTYLE, noun [Greek; about, and, a column.]

A circular range of columns, or a building encompassed with a row of columns on the outside.

Johnson. Encyc.

Perisystole

PERISYSTOLE, noun perisys'toly. [Greek, about, and, contraction.]

The pause or interval between the systole or contraction, and the diastole or dilatation of the heart.

Quincy.

Perite

PERI'TE, adjective [Latin peritus.] Skillful. [Little used.]

Whitaker.

Peritoneal

PERITO'NEAL, adjective Pertaining to the peritoneum.

Peritoneum

PERITONE'UM, noun [Greek; about, and, to stretch.]

A thin, smooth, lubricous membrane investing the whole internal surface of the abdomen, and more or less completely, all the viscera contained in it.

Encyc. Parr.

Periwig

PER'IWIG, noun [Irish pereabhic. Qu. Dutch paruik; German perrÃƒ-¼cke; Danish perryk; French perruque; Italian parrucca.]

A small wig; a kind of close cap formed by an intertexture of false hair, worn by men for ornament or to conceal baldness. Periwigs were in fashion in the days of Addison.

Periwig

PER'IWIG, verb transitive To dress with a periwig, or with false hair, or with any thing in like form.

Swift.

Periwinkle

PER'IWINKLE, noun [Saxon peruince; Italian pervinca; French pervenche; Latin vinca; Saxon wincle, a shell fish. If n is casual, vinca may be and probably is the Welsh gwic, for wic, a squeak, whence gwiciad, a periwinkle.]

1. A sea snail, or small shell fish.

2. A plant of the genus Vinca.

Perjure

PERJURE, verb transitive per'jur. [Latin perjuro; per and juro, to swear; that is, to swear aside or beyond.]

Willfully to make a false oath when administered by lawful authority or in a court of justice; to forswear; as, the witness perjured himself.

Perjure

PER'JURE, noun A perjured person. [Not used.]

Shak.

Perjured

PER'JURED, participle passive Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely.

Perjurer

PER'JURER, noun One that willfully takes a false oath lawfully administered.

Perjuring

PER'JURING, participle of the present tense Taking a false oath lawfully administered.

Perjurious

PERJU'RIOUS, adjective Guilty of perjury; containing perjury.

Coke.

Perjury

PER'JURY, noun [Latin perjurium.] The act or crime of willfully making a false oath, when lawfully administered; or a crime committed when a lawful oath is administered in some judicial proceeding, to a person who swears willfully, absolutely and falsely in a matter material to the issue.

Coke.

Perk

PERK, adjective [Welsh perc, compact, trim, perk; as a noun, something that is close, compact, trim, and a perch.] Properly, erect; hence, smart; trim.

Perk

PERK, verb intransitive [Welsh percu, to trim, to make smart.]

To hold up the head with affected smartness.

Pope.

Perk

PERK, verb transitive To dress; to make trim or smart; to prank.

Shak.

Perkin

PERK'IN, noun Cyderkin; a kind of cyder made by steeping the murk in water.

Encyc.

Perlate acid, the acidulous phosphate of soda.

Chimistry. Nicholson.

Perlated acid, or ouretic, biphosphate of soda.

Perlous

PER'LOUS, for perilous, is not used.

Spenser.

Perlustration

PERLUSTRA'TION, noun [Latin perlustro; per and lustro, to survey.] The act of viewing all over.

Howell.

Permagy

PER'MAGY, noun A little Turkish boat.

Dict.

Permanence

PER'MANENCE, or PER'MANENCY, noun [See Permanent.] Continuance in the same state, or without a change that destroys the form or nature of a thing; duration; fixedness; as the permanence of a government or state; the permanence of institutions or of a system of principles.

2. Continuance in the same place or at rest.

Permanent

PER'MANENT, adjective [Latin permanens, permaneo; per and maneo, to remain. Class Mn.]

Durable; lasting; continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys the form or nature of the thing. The laws, like the character of God, are unalterably permanent. Human laws and institutions may be to a degree permanent, but they are subject to change and overthrow. We speak of a permanent wall or building, a permanent bridge, when they are so constructed as to endure long; in which examples, permanent is equivalent to durable or lasting, but not to undecaying or unalterable. So we say, a permanent residence, a permanent intercourse, permanent friendship, when it continues a long time without interruption.

Permanently

PER'MANENTLY, adverb With long continuance; durably; in a fixed state or place; as a government permanently established.

Permansion

PERMAN'SION, noun [Latin permansio.] Continuance. [Not used.]

Brown.

Permeability

PERMEABIL'ITY, noun [infra.] The quality or state of being permeable.

Journ. of Science.

Permeable

PER'MEABLE, adjective [Latin permeo; per and meo, to pass or glide.]

That may be passed through without rupture or displacement of its parts, as solid matter; applied particularly to substances that admit the passage of fluids. Thus cloth, lether, wood are permeable to water and oil; glass is permeable to light, but not to water.

Permeant

PER'MEANT, adjective [supra.] Passing through. [Not used.]

Brown.

Permeate

PER'MEATE, verb transitive [Latin permeo; per and meo, to glide, flow or pass.]

To pass through the pores or interstices of a body; to penetrate and pass through a substance without rupture or displacement of its parts; applied particularly to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; as, water permeates sand or a filtering stone; light permeates glass.

Permeated

PER'MEATED, participle passive Passed through, as by a fluid.

Permeating

PER'MEATING, participle of the present tense Passing through the pores or interstices of a substance.

Permeation

PERMEA'TION, noun The act of passing through the pores or interstices of a body.

Permiscible

PERMIS'CIBLE, adjective [Latin permisceo; per and misceo, to mix.] That may be mixed. [Little used.]

Permissible

PERMIS'SIBLE, adjective [See Permit.] That may be permitted or allowed.

Permission

PERMIS'SION, noun [Latin permissio, from permitto, to permit.]

1. The act of permitting or allowing.

2. Allowance; license or liberty granted.

You have given me your permission for this address.

Dryden.

Permissive

PERMIS'SIVE, adjective Granting liberty; allowing.

Milton.

2. Granted; suffered without hinderance.

Thus I emboldened spake, and freedom used

Permissive, and acceptance found.

Milton.

Permissively

PERMIS'SIVELY, adverb By allowance; without prohibition or hinderance.

Permistion

PERMIS'TION, or PERMIX'TION, noun [Latin permistio, permixtio.] The act of mixing; the state of being mingled.

Permit

PERMIT', verb transitive [Latin permitto; per and mitto, to send; French permettre; Italian permettre; Spanish permitir.]

1. To allow; to grant leave or liberty to by express consent. He asked my leave and I permitted him.

2. To allow by silent consent or by not prohibiting; to suffer without giving express authority. The laws permit us to do what is not expressly or impliedly forbid.

What God neither commands nor forbids, he permits with approbation to be done or left undone.

Hooker.

3. To afford ability or means. Old age does not permit us to retain the vigor of youth. The man's indigence does not permit him to indulge in luxuries.

4. To leave; to give or resign.

Let us not aggravate our sorrows,

But to the gods permit the event of things.

Addison.

[The latter sense is obsolete or obsolescent.]

Permit

PERMIT', noun A written license or permission from the custom house officer or other proper authority, to export or transport goods or to land goods or persons.

2. Warrant; leave; permission.

Permittance

PERMIT'TANCE, noun Allowance; forbearance of prohibition; permission.

Derham.

Permixtion

PERMIXTION. [See Permistion.]

Permutation

PERMUTA'TION, noun [Latin permutatio, permuto; per and muto, to change.]

1. In commerce, exchange of one thing for another, barter.

Bacon.

2. In the canon law, the exchange of one benefice for another.

Encyc.

3. In algebra, change or different combination of any number of quantities.

Wallis.

Permute

PERMU'TE, verb transitive [Latin permuto; per and muto, to change.] To exchange; to barter. [Not used.]

Permuter

PERMU'TER, noun One that exchanges. [Not used.]

Pernancy

PER'NANCY, noun [Norm. perner, to take.]

A taking or reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind.

Blackstone.

Pernicious

PERNI'CIOUS, adjective [Latin perniciosus, from pernicies; perneco, to kill; per and nex, necis, death.]

1. Destructive; having the quality of killing, destroying or injuring; very injurious or mischievous. Food, drink or air may be pernicious to life or health.

2. Destructive; tending to injure or destroy. Evil examples are pernicious to morals. Intemperance is a pernicious vice.

3. [Latin pernix.] Quick. [Not used.]

Milton.

Perniciously

PERNI'CIOUSLY, adverb Destructively; with ruinous tendency or effects.

Ascham.

Perniciousness

PERNI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being very injurious, mischievous or destructive.

Pernicity

PERNIC'ITY, noun [Latin pernicitas, from pernix.] Swiftness of motion; celerity. [Little used.]

Ray.

Pernoctation

PERNOCTA'TION, noun [Latin pernocto; per and nox, night.]

The act of passing the whole night; a remaining all night.

Taylor.

Perogue

PEROGUE. [See Pirogue.]

Peroration

PERORA'TION, noun [Latin peroratio, from peroro; per and oro, to pray.]

The concluding part of an oration, in which the speaker recapitulates the principal points of his discourse or argument, and urges them with greater earnestness and force, with a view to make a deep impression on his hearers.

Encyc.

Peroxyd

PEROX'YD, noun [per and oxyd.] A substance containing an unusual quantity of oxygen.

Davy.

Peroxydize

PEROX'YDIZE, verb transitive To oxydize to the utmost degree.

Cutbush.

Perpend

PERPEND', verb transitive [Latin perpendo; per and pendo, to weigh.] To weigh in the mind; to consider attentively. [Little used.]

Shak. Brown.

Perpender

PERPEND'ER, noun [French parpaing.] A coping stone.

Johnson.

Perpendicle

PERPEND'ICLE, noun [French perpendicule, from Latin perpendiculum.]

Something hanging down in a direct line; a plumb line.

Dict.

Perpendicular

PERPENDIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin perpendicularis, from perpendiculum, a plumb line; perpendeo; per and pendeo, to hang.]

1. Hanging or extending in a right line from any point towards the center of the earth or of gravity, or at right angles with the plane of the horizon.

2. In geometry, falling directly on another line at right angles. The line A is perpendicular to the line B.

Perpendicular

PERPENDIC'ULAR, noun A line falling at right angles on the plane of the horizon, that is, extending from some point in a right line towards the center of the earth or center of gravity, or any body standing in that direction.

2. In geometry, a line falling at right angles on another line, or making equal angles with it on each side.

Encyc.

Perpendicularity

PERPENDICULAR'ITY, noun The state of being perpendicular.

Watts.

Perpendicularly

PERPENDIC'ULARLY, adverb In a manner to fall on another line at right angles.

2. So as to fall on the plane of the horizon at right angles; in a direction towards the center of the earth or of gravity.

Perpension

PERPEN'SION, noun [Latin perpendo.] Consideration. [Not used.]

Brown.

Perpession

PERPES'SION, noun [Latin perpessio, perpetior, to suffer; per and patior.] Suffering; endurance. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Perpetrate

PER'PETRATE, verb transitive [Latin perpetro; per and patro, to go through, to finish.]

To do; to commit; to perform; in an ill sense, that is, always used to express an evil act; as, to perpetrate a crime or an evil design.

Dryden.

Perpetrated

PER'PETRATED, participle passive Done; committed; as an evil act.

Perpetrating

PER'PETRATING, participle of the present tense Committing; as a crime or evil act.

Perpetration

PERPETRA'TION, noun The act of committing a crime.

Wotton.

2. An evil action.

K. Charles.

Perpetrator

PER'PETRATOR, noun One that commits a crime.

Perpetual

PERPET'UAL, adjective [French perpetuel; Latin perpetuus, from perpes, perpetis; per and pes, from a root signifying to pass.]

1. Never ceasing; continuing forever in future time; destined to be eternal; as a perpetual covenant; a perpetual statute. [Literally true with respect to the decrees of the Supreme Being.]

2. Continuing or continued without intermission; uninterrupted; as a perpetual stream; the perpetual action of the heart and arteries.

3. Permanent; fixed; not temporary; as a perpetual law or edict; perpetual love or amity; perpetual incense. Exodus 30.

4. Everlasting; endless.

Destructions are come to a perpetual end. Psalm 9.

5. During the legal dispensation. Exodus 29.

Perpetual curacy, is where all the tithes are appropriated and no vicarage is endowed.

Blackstone.

Perpetual motion, motion that generates a power of continuing itself forever or indefinitely, by means of mechanism or some application of the force of gravity; not yet discovered, and probably impossible.

Perpetual screw, a screw that acts against the teeth of a wheel and continues its action without end.

Wilkins.

Perpetually

PERPET'UALLY, adverb Constantly; continually; applied to things which proceed without intermission, or which occur frequently or at intervals, without limitation. A perennial spring flows perpetually; the weather varies perpetually.

The Bible and common prayer book in the vulgar tongue, being perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for language.

Swift.

Perpetuate

PERPET'UATE, verb transitive [Latin perpetuo.] To make perpetual; to eternize.

2. To cause to endure or to be continued indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; as, to perpetuate the remembrance of a great event or of an illustrious character. The monument in London perpetuates the remembrance of the conflagration in 1666. Medals may perpetuate the glories of a prince.

Addison.

3. To continue by repetition without limitation.

Perpetuated

PERPET'UATED, participle passive Made perpetual; continued through eternity, or for an indefinite time.

Perpetuating

PERPET'UATING, participle of the present tense Continuing forever or indefinitely.

Perpetuation

PERPETUA'TION, noun The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction or oblivion through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time.

Brown.

Perpetuity

PERPETU'ITY, noun [Latin perpetuitas.] Endless duration; continuance to eternity.

2. Continued uninterrupted existence, or duration for an indefinite period of time; as the perpetuity of laws and institutions; the perpetuity of fame.

3. Something of which there will be no end.

South.

Perphosphate

PERPHOS'PHATE, noun A phosphate in which the phosphoric acid is combined with an oxyd at the maximum of oxydation.

Perplex

PERPLEX', verb transitive [Latin perplexus, perplexor; per and plector, to twist, from the root of Greek, Latin plico, to fold.]

1. To make intricate; to involve; to entangle; to make complicated and difficult to be understood or unraveled.

What was thought obscure, perplexed and too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view.

Locke.

2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to tease with suspense, anxiety or ambiguity.

We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to perplex the mind.

Locke.

We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Corinthians 4.

3. To plague; to vex.

Glanville.

Perplex

PERPLEX', adjective Intricate; difficult. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Perplexed

PERPLEX'ED, participle passive Made intricate; embarrassed; puzzled.

Perplexedly

PERPLEX'EDLY, adverb Intricately; with involution.

Perplexedness

PERPLEX'EDNESS, noun Intricacy; difficulty from want of order or precision.

2. Embarrassment of mind from doubt or uncertainty.

Perplexity

PERPLEX'ITY, noun Intricacy; entanglement. The jury were embarrassed by the perplexity of the case.

2. Embarrassment of mind; disturbance from doubt, confusion, difficulty or anxiety.

Perplexity not suffering them to be idle, they think and do, as it were, in a frenzy.

Hooker.

Perquadrisulphate

PERQUADRISUL'PHATE, noun A sulphate with four proportions of sulphuric acid combined with a maximum oxyd.

Silliman.

Perquisite

PER'QUISITE, n. s as z. [Latin perquisitus, perquiro; per and quoero, to seek.]

A fee or pecuniary allowance to an officer for services, beyond his ordinary salary or settled wages; or a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service, in lieu of an annual salary. [The latter is the common acceptation of the word in America.]

Perquisited

PER'QUISITED, adjective Supplied with perquisites. [A bad word and not used.]

Savage.

Perquisition

PERQUISI'TION, n. s as z. [Latin perquisitus.] An accurate inquiry or search.

Ainsworth.

Perroquet

PERROQUET', noun [French] A species of parrot; also, the Alca Psittacula, an aquatic fowl inhabiting the isles of Japan and the western shores of America.

Pennant.

Perry

PER'RY, noun [French poirÃƒ-©, from poire, Welsh pÃƒ-ªr, a pear.]

The juice of pears, which being clarified by fermentation, is a pleasant drink.

Perscrutation

PERSCRUTA'TION, noun [Latin perscrutatio, perscrutor.] A searching thoroughly; minute search or inquiry.

Persecute

PER'SECUTE, verb transitive [French persecuter; Italian perseguitare; Spanish perseguir; Latin persequor; per and sequor, to pursue. See Seek and Essay.]

1. In a general sense, to pursue in a manner to injure, vex or afflict; to harass with unjust punishment or penalties for supposed offenses; to inflict pain from hatred or malignity.

2. Appropriately, to afflict, harass or destroy for adherence to a particular creed or system of religious principles, or to a mode of worship. Thus Nero persecuted the Christians by crucifying some, burning others, and condemning others to be worried by dogs. See Acts 22.

3. To harass with solicitations or importunity.

Persecuted

PER'SECUTED, participle passive Harassed by troubles or punishments unjustly inflicted, particularly for religious opinions.

Persecuting

PER'SECUTING, participle of the present tense Pursuing with enmity or vengeance, particularly for adhering to a particular religion.

Persecution

PERSECU'TION, noun The act or practice of persecuting; the infliction of pain, punishment or death upon others unjustly, particularly for adhering to a religious creed or mode of worship, either by way of penalty or for compelling them to renounce their principles. Historians enumerate ten persecutions suffered by the Christians, beginning with that of Nero, A. Dutch 31, and ending with that of Diocletian, A. Dutch 303 to 313.

2. The state of being persecuted.

Our necks are under persecution; we labor and have no rest. Lamentations 5.

Persecutor

PER'SECUTOR, noun One that persecutes; one that pursues another unjustly and vexatiously, particularly on account of religious principles.

Henry rejected the pope's supremacy, but retained every corruption beside, and became a cruel persecutor.

Swift.

Perseverance

PERSEVE'RANCE, noun [French from Latin perseverantia. See Persevere.]

1. Persistence in any thing undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business or enterprise begun; applied alike to good or evil.

Perseverance keeps honor bright.

Shak.

Patience and perseverance overcome the greatest difficulties.

Clarissa.

2. In theology, continuance in a state of grace to a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance.

Hammond.

Perseverant

PERSEVE'RANT, adjective Constant in pursuit of an undertaking. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Persevere

PERSEVE'RE, verb intransitive [Latin persevero. The last component part of this word, severo, must be the same as in assevero, with the radical sense of set, fixed or continued. So persist is formed with per and sisto, to stand. Constant and continue have a like primary sense. So we say, to hold on.]

To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any design or course commenced; not to give over or abandon what is undertaken; applied alike to good and evil.

Thrice happy, if they know

Their happiness, and persevere upright!

Milton.

To persevere in any evil course, makes you unhappy in this life.

Wake.

Persevering

PERSEVE'RING, participle of the present tense Persisting in any business or course begun.

2. adjective Constant in the execution of a purpose or enterprise; as a persevering student.

Perseveringly

PERSEVE'RINGLY, adverb With perseverance or continued pursuit of what is undertaken.

Persiflage

PER'SIFLAGE, noun [French from persifler; Latin sibilo, to hiss.] A jeering; ridicule.

H. More.

Persimmon

PERSIM'MON, noun A tree and its fruit, a species of Diospyros, a native of the states south of New York. The fruit is like a plum, and when not ripe, very astringent.

Mease.

Persist

PERSIST', verb intransitive [Latin persisto; per and sisto, to stand or be fixed.]

To continue steadily and firmly in the pursuit of any business or course commenced; to persevere. [Persist is nearly synonymous with persevere; but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than persevere, particularly in that which is evil or injurious to others.]

If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals.

Addison.

Persistence

PERSIST'ENCE, noun The state of persisting; steady pursuit of what is undertaken; perseverance in a good or evil course, more generally in that which is evil and injurious to others, or unadvisable.

2. Obstinacy; contumacy.

Shak.

Persistent

PERSIST'ENT, or PERSIST'ING, adjective In botany, continuing without withering; opposed to marcescent; as a persisting stigma: continuing after the corol is withered, as a persistent calyx; continuing after the leaves drop off, as a persistent stipule; remaining on the plant till the fruit is ripe, or till after the summer is over, as a persistent leaf.

Lee. Martyn.

Persisting

PERSIST'ING, participle of the present tense Continuing in the prosecution of an undertaking; persevering.

Persistive

PERSIST'IVE, adjective Steady in pursuit; not receding from a purpose or undertaking; persevering.

Shak.

Person

PERSON, n. per'sn. [Latin persona; said to be compounded of per, through or by, and sonus, sound; a Latin word signifying primarily a mask used by actors on the stage.]

1. An individual human being consisting of body and soul. We apply the word to living beings only, possessed of a rational nature; the body when dead is not called a person. It is applied alike to a man, woman or child.

A person is a thinking intelligent being.

Locke.

2. A man, woman or child, considered as opposed to things, or distinct from them.

A zeal for persons is far more easy to be perverted, than a zeal for things.

Sprat.

3. A human being, considered with respect to the living body or corporeal existence only. The form of her person is elegant.

You'll find her person difficult to gain.

Dryden.

The rebels maintained the fight for a small time, and for their persons showed no want of courage.

Bacon.

4. A human being, indefinitely; one; a man. Let a person's attainments be never so great, he should remember he is frail and imperfect.

5. A human being represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the stage; character. A player appears in the person of king Lear.

These tables, Cicero pronounced under the person of Crassus, were of more use and authority than all the books of the philosophers.

Baker.

6. Character of office.

How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend.

South.

7. In grammar, the nominative to a verb; the agent that performs or the patient that suffers any thing affirmed by a verb; as, I write; he is smitten; she is beloved; the rain descends in torrents. I, thou or you, he, she or it, are called the first, second and third persons. Hence we apply the word person to the termination or modified form of the verb used in connection with the persons; as the first or the third person of the verb; the verb is in the second person.

8. In law, an artificial person, is a corporation or body politic.

Blackstone.

In person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative.

The king in person visits all around.

Dryden.

Person

PER'SON, verb transitive To represent as a person; to make to resemble; to image. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Personable

PER'SONABLE, adjective Having a well formed body or person; graceful; of good appearance; as a personable man or woman.

Raleigh.

2. In law, enabled to maintain pleas in court.

Cowel.

3. Having capacity to take any thing granted or given.

Plowden.

[The two latter senses, I believe, are little used.]

Personage

PER'SONAGE, noun [F. personnage.] A man or woman of distinction; as an illustrious personage.

2. Exterior appearance; stature; air; as a tall personage; a stately personage.

Shak. Hayward.

3. Character assumed.

The Venctians, naturally grave, love to give in to the follies of such seasons, when disguised in a false personage.

Addison.

4. Character represented.

Some persons must be found, already known in history, whom we may make the actors and personages of this fable.

Broome.

Personal

PER'SONAL, adjective [Latin personalis.] Belonging to men or women, not to things; not real.

Every man so termed by way of personal difference only.

Hooker.

2. Relating to an individual; affecting individuals; peculiar or proper to him or her, or to private actions or character.

The words are conditional; if thou doest well; and so personal to Cain.

Locke.

Character and success depend more on personal effort than on any external advantages.

J. Hawes.

So we speak of personal pride, personal reflections.

3. Pertaining to the corporal nature; exterior; corporal; as personal charms or accomplishments.

Addison.

4. Present in person; not acting by representative; as a personal interview.

The immediate and personal speaking of God almighty to Abraham, Job and Moses.

White.

Personal estate, in law, movables; chattels; things belonging to the person; as money, jewels, furniture, &c. as distinguished from real estate in land and houses.

Personal action, in law, a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property; an action founded on contract or on tort or wrong; as an action on a debt or promise, or an action for a trespass, assault or defamatory words; opposed to real actions, or such as concern real property.

Blackstone.

Personal identity, in metaphysics, sameness of being, of which consciousness is the evidence.

Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conjugated in the three persons; thus called in distinction from an impersonal verb, which has the third person only.

Encyc.

Personal

PER'SONAL, noun A movable. [Not in use.]

Personality

PERSONAL'ITY, noun That which constitutes an individual a distinct person, or that which constitutes individuality.

The personality of an intelligent being extends itself beyond present existence to what is past, only by conciousnessÃ‚--

Locke.

2. Direct application or applicability to a person; as the personality of a remark.

Personally

PER'SONALLY, adverb In person; by bodily presence; not by representative or substitute; as, to be personally present; to deliver a letter personally. They personally declared their assent to the measure.

2. With respect to an individual; particularly.

She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally to the king.

Bacon.

3. With regard to numerical existence.

The converted man is personally the same he was before.

Rogers.

Personate

PER'SONATE, verb transitive To represent by a fictitious or assumed character so as to pass for the person represented.

Bacon.

2. To represent by action or appearance; to assume the character and act the part of another.

3. To pretend hypocritically. [Little used.]

Swift.

4. To counterfeit; to feign; as a personated devotion.

Hammond.

5. To resemble.

The lofty cedar personates thee.

Shak.

6. To make a representation of, as in picture. Obs.

Shak.

7. To describe. Obs.

Shak.

8. To celebrate loudly. [Latin persono.] [Not used.]

Milton.

Personate

PER'SONATE, adjective [Latin persona, a mask.] Masked. A personate corol is irregular and closed by a kind of palate; or ringent, but closed between the lips by the palate.

Smith. Linne.

Personation

PERSONA'TION, noun The counterfeiting of the person and character of another.

Bacon.

Personator

PER'SONATOR, noun One who assumes the character of another.

B. Jonson.

2. One that acts or performs.

B. Jonson.

Personification

PERSONIFICA'TION, noun [from personify.]

The giving to an inanimate being the figure or the sentiments and language of a rational being; prosopopoeia; as, "confusion heard his voice."

Milton.

Personified

PERSON'IFIED, participle passive Represented with the attributes of a person.

Personify

PERSON'IFY, verb transitive [Latin persona and facio.]

To give animation to inanimate objects; to ascribe to an inanimate being the sentiments, actions or language of a rational being or person, or to represent an inanimate being with the affections and actions of a person. Thus we say, the plants thirst for rain.

The trees said to the fig-tree, come thou, and reign over us. Judges 9.

Personifying

PERSON'IFYING, participle of the present tense Giving to an inanimate being the attributes of a person.

Personize

PER'SONIZE, verb transitive To personify. [Not much used.]

Richardson.

Perspective

PERSPEC'TIVE, adjective [infra.] Pertaining to the science of optics; optical.

Bacon.

2. Pertaining to the art of perspective.

Encyc.

Perspective

PERSPEC'TIVE, noun [French; Italian perspettiva; Spanish perspectiva; from Latin perspicio; per and specio, to see.]

1. A glass through which objects are viewed.

Temple.

2. The art of drawing on a plane surface true resemblances or pictures of objects, as the objects appear to the eye from any distance and situation, real and imaginary; as the rules of perspective.

Encyc.

3. A representation of objects in perspective.

Encyc.

4. View; vista; as perspectives of pleasant shades.

Dryden.

5. A kind of painting, often seen in gardens and at the end of a gallery, designed expressly to deceive the sight by representing the continuation of an alley, a building, a landscape or the like.

Aerial perspective, the art of giving due diminution to the strength of light, shade and colors of objects, according to their distances and the quantity of light falling on them, and to the medium through which they are seen.

Encyc.

Perspectively

PERSPEC'TIVELY, adverb Optically; through a glass; by representation.

Shak.

Perspicable

PER'SPICABLE, adjective Discernible.

Herbert.

Perspicacious

PERSPICA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin perspicax, from perspicio.]

1. Quick sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Of acute discernment.

South.

Perspicaciousness

PERSPICA'CIOUSNESS, noun Acuteness of sight.

Perspicacity

PERSPICAC'ITY, noun [Latin perspicacitas.]

1. Acuteness of sight; quickness of sight.

2. Acuteness of discernment or understanding.

Perspicacy

PER'SPICACY, noun Acuteness of sight or discernment.

B. Jonson.

Perspicil

PER'SPICIL, noun [Latin per and speculum, a glass.]

An optic glass. [Little used.]

Crashaw. Glanville.

Perspicuity

PERSPICU'ITY, noun [French perspicuitÃƒ-©; Latin perspicuitas, from perspicio.]

1. Transparency; clearness; that quality of a substance which renders objects visible through it. [Little used.]

Brown.

2. Clearness to mental vision; easiness to be understood; freedom from obscurity or ambiguity; that quality of writing or language which readily presents to the mind of another the precise ideas of the author. Perspicuity is the first excellence of writing or speaking.

Perspicuous

PERSPIC'UOUS, adjective [Latin perspicuus.] Transparent; translucent. [Little used.]

Peacham.

2. Clear to the understanding; that may be clearly understood; not obscure or ambiguous. Language is perspicuous when it readily presents to the reader or hearer the precise ideas which are intended to be expressed. Meaning, sense or signification is perspicuous, when it is clearly and easily comprehended.

Perspicuously

PERSPIC'UOUSLY, adverb Clearly; plainly; in a manner to be easily understood.

Bacon.

Perspicuousness

PERSPIC'UOUSNESS, noun Clearness to intellectual vision; plainness; freedom from obscurity.

[We generally apply perspicuous to objects of intellect, and conspicuous to objects of ocular sight.]

Perspirability

PERSPIRABIL'ITY, noun [from perspirable.]

The quality of being perspirable.

Perspirable

PER'SPIRABLE, adjective [from Latin perspiro. See Perspire.]

1. That may be perspired; that may be evacuated through the pores of the skin.

Arbuthnot.

2. Emitting perspiration. [Not proper.]

Bacon.

Perspiration

PERSPIRA'TION, noun [Latin perspiro. See Perspire.]

1. The act of perspiring; excretion by the cuticular pores; evacuation of the fluids of the body through the pores of the skin.

Encyc. Arbuthnot.

2. Matter perspired.

Perspirative

PER'SPIRATIVE, adjective Performing the act of perspiration.

Perspiratory

PER'SPIRATORY, adjective Perspirative.

Berkeley.

Perspire

PERSPI'RE, verb intransitive [Latin per and spiro, to breathe.]

1. To evacuate the fluids of the body through the pores of the skin; as, a person perspires freely.

2. To be evacuated or excreted through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid perspires.

Perspire

PERSPI'RE, verb transitive To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin.

Smollett.

Perstrainge

PERSTRAINGE, v. t. perstrinj'. [Latin perstringo; per and stringo, to graze or brush.]

To graze; to glance on.

Burton.

Persuadable

PERSUA'DABLE, adjective [See Persuade.] That may be persuaded.

Persuadably

PERSUA'DABLY, adverb So as to be persuaded.

Persuade

PERSUA'DE, verb transitive [Latin persuadeo; per and suadeo, to urge or incite.]

1. To influence by argument, advice, intreaty or expostulation; to draw or incline the will to a determination by presenting motives to the mind.

I should be glad, if I could persuade him to write such another critick on any thing of mine.

Dryden.

Almost thou persuadest me to be a christian. Acts 26.

2. To convince by argument, or reasons offered; or to convince by reasons suggested by reflection or deliberation, or by evidence presented in any manner to the mind.

Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Hebrews 6.

3. To inculcate by argument or expostulation. [Little used.]

Taylor.

4. To treat by persuasion. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Persuaded

PERSUA'DED, participle passive Influenced or drawn to an opinion or determination by argument, advice or reasons suggested; convinced; induced.

Persuader

PERSUA'DER, noun One that persuades or influences another.

Bacon.

2. That which incites.

Hunger and thirst at once,

Powerful persuaders!

Milton.

Persuading

PERSUA'DING, participle of the present tense Influencing by motives presented.

Persuasibility

PERSUASIBIL'ITY, noun Capability of being persuaded.

Hallywell.

Persuasible

PERSUA'SIBLE, adjective [Latin persuasibilis.] That may be persuaded or influenced by reasons offered.

Persuasibleness

PERSUA'SIBLENESS, noun The quality of being influenced by persuasion.

Persuasion

PERSUA'SION, n. s as z. [French from Latin persuasio.]

1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by any thing that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination.

For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion.

Otway.

2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction proceeding from arguments and reasons offered by others, or suggested by one's own reflections.

When we have no other certainty of being in the right, but our own persuasion that we are soÃ‚--

Gov. of the Tongue.

3. A creed or belief; or a sect or party adhering to a creed or system of opinions; as men of the same persuasion; all persuasions concur in the measure.

Persuasive

PERSUA'SIVE, adjective Having the power of persuading; influencing the mind or passions; as persuasive eloquence; persuasive evidence.

Hooker. South.

Persuasively

PERSUA'SIVELY, adverb In such a manner as to persuade or convince.

Milton.

Persuasiveness

PERSUA'SIVENESS, noun The quality of having influence on the mind or passions.

Taylor.

Persuasory

PERSUA'SORY, adjective Having power or tendency to persuade.

Brown.

Persulphate

PERSUL'PHATE, noun A combination of sulphuric acid with the peroxyd of iron.

Webster's Manual.

Pert

PERT, adjective [Welsh pert, smart, spruce; probably allied to perk, primarily erect, from shooting up or forward.]

1. Lively; brisk; smart.

Awake the pert and nimble spirit of mirth.

Shak.

On the lawny sands and shelves,

Trip the pert fairies, and the dapper elves.

Milton.

2. Forward; saucy; bold; indecorously free.

A lady bids me in a very pert manner mind my own affairsÃ‚--

Addison.

Pertain

PERTA'IN, verb intransitive [Latin pertineo; per and teneo, to hold; Italian pertenere.]

1. To belong; to be the property, right or duty of.

Men hate those who affect honor by ambition, which pertaineth not to them.

Hayward.

He took the fortified cities which pertained to Judah. 2 Kings 12.

It pertains to the governor to open the ports by proclamation.

Anon.

2. To have relation to. Acts 1.

Perterebration

PERTEREBRA'TION, noun [Latin per and terebratio.] The act of boring through.

Ainsworth.

Pertinacious

PERTINA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin pertinax; per and teneo, to hold.]

1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose or design with obstinacy; obstinate; perversely resolute or persistent; as pertinacious in opinion; a man of pertinacious confidence.

Walton.

2. Resolute; firm; constant; steady.

Diligence is a steady, constant, pertinacious studyÃ‚--

South.

[This word often implies a censurable degree of firmness or constancy, like obstinacy.]

Pertinaciously

PERTINA'CIOUSLY, adverb Obstinately; with firm or perverse adherence to opinion or purpose. He pertinaciously maintains his first opinions.

Pertinaciousness

PERTINA'CIOUSNESS, or PERTINAC'ITY, noun [Latin pertinacia.] Firm or unyielding adherence to opinion or purpose; obstinacy. He pursues his scheme with pertinacity.

2. Resolution; constancy.

Pertinacy

PER'TINACY, noun [supra.] Obstinacy; stubbornness; persistency; resolution; steadiness. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Pertinence

PER'TINENCE, or PER'TINENCY, noun [Latin pertinens, pertineo; per and teneo, to hold.]

Justness of relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; suitableness.

I have shown the fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse to the persons he addressed.

Bentley.

Pertinent

PER'TINENT, adjective [Latin pertinens.] Related to the subject or matter in hand; just to the purpose; adapted to the end proposed; apposite; not foreign to the thing intended. We say, he used an argument not pertinent to his subject or design. The discourse abounds with pertinent remarks. He gave pertinent answers to the questions.

2. Regarding; concerning; belonging. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Pertinently

PER'TINENTLY, adverb Appositely; to the purpose. He answered pertinently.

Pertinentness

PER'TINENTNESS, noun Appositeness.

Pertingent

PERTIN'GENT, adjective [Latin pertingens.] Reaching to.

Pertly

PERT'LY, adverb Briskly; smartly; with prompt boldness.

2. Saucily; with indecorous confidence or boldness.

Swift.

Pertness

PERT'NESS, noun Briskness; smartness.

2. Sauciness; forward promptness or boldness; implying less than effrontery or impudence.

Pertness and ignorance may ask a question in three lines, which it will cost learning and ingenuity thirty pages to answer.

German Spring.

3. Petty liveliness; sprightliness without force, dignity or solidity.

There is in Shaftsbury's works a lively pertness and a parade of literature.

Watts.

Perturb

PERTURB', or PER'TURBATE, verb transitive [Latin perturbo; per and turbo, properly to turn, or to stir by turning.]

1. To disturb; to agitate; to disquiet.

2. To disorder; to confuse.

Brown.

[This verb is little used. The participle is in use.]

Perturbation

PERTURBA'TION, noun [Latin perturbatio.]

1. Disquiet or agitation of mind.

Milton.

2. Restlessness of passions; great uneasiness.

3. Disturbance; disorder; commotion in public affairs.

Bacon.

4. Disturbance of passions; commotion of spirit.

B. Jonson.

5. Cause of disquiet.

O polished perturbation, golden care!

Shak.

Perturbator

PERTURBA'TOR, or PERTURB'ER, noun One that disturbs or raises commotion. [Little used.]

Perturbed

PERTURB'ED, participle passive Disturbed; agitated; disquieted.

Rest, rest, perturbed spirit.

Shak.

Pertuse

PERTU'SE, or PERTU'SED, adjective [Latin pertusus, pertundo; per and tundo, to beat.]

1. Punched; pierced with holes.

2. In botany, full of hollow dots on the surface, as a leaf.

Pertusion

PERTU'SION, noun s as z. [Latin pertusus, pertundo.]

1. The act of punching, piercing or thrusting through with a pointed instrument.

The manner of opening a vein in Hippocrates's time, was by stabbing or pertusion.

Arbuthnot.

2. A little hole made by punching; a perforation.

Bacon.

Peruke

PERU'KE, noun [French perruque; Italian perrucca; Spanish peluca; Dutch paruik; German perrÃƒ-¼cke; Swedish peruk.]

An artificial cap of hair; a periwig.

Wiseman.

Peruke-Maker

PERU'KE-MAKER, noun A maker of perukes; a wig-maker.

Perusal

PERU'SAL, noun s as z. [from peruse.] The act of reading.

This treatise requires application in the perusal.

Woodward.

2. Careful view or examination. [Unusual.]

Tatler.

Peruse

PERU'SE, verb transitive s as z. [Some of the senses of this word would lead to the inference that it is from the Latin perviso. If not, I know not its origin.]

1. To read, or to read with attention.

Addison.

2. To observe; to examine with careful survey. Obs.

I have perus'd her well.

Shak.

Myself I then perus'd, and limb by limb Survey'd.

Milton.

Perused

PERU'SED, participle passive Read; observed; examined.

Peruser

PERU'SER, noun One that reads or examines.

Woodward.

Perusing

PERU'SING, participle of the present tense Reading; examining.

Peruvian

PERU'VIAN, adjective Pertaining to Peru, in South America.

Peruvian bark, the bark of the Cinchona, a tree of Peru; called also Jesuits' bark. The taste is bitter and pungent, and it is used as an astringent and tonic, in cases of debility, and particularly as a febrifuge in intermittents.

Pervade

PERVA'DE, verb transitive [Latin pervado; per and vado, to go, to wade.]

1. To pass through an aperture, pore or interstice; to permeate; as liquors that pervade the pores.

Newton.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of a thing and into every minute part.

What but God

Pervades, adjusts and agitates the whole?

Thomson.

3. We use this verb in a transitive form to express a passive or an intransitive signification. Thus when we say, "the electric fluid pervades the earth," or "ether pervades the universe," we mean only that the fluid is diffused through the earth or universe, or exists in all parts of them. So when we say, "a spirit of conciliation pervades all classes of men," we may mean that such a spirit passes through all classes, or it exists among all classes.

Pervaded

PERVA'DED, participle passive Passed through; permeated; penetrated in every part.

Pervading

PERVA'DING, participle of the present tense Passing through or extending to every part of a thing.

Pervasion

PERVA'SION, noun s as z. The act of pervading or passing through the whole extent of a thing.

Boyle.

Perverse

PERVERSE, adjective pervers'. [Latin perversus. See Pervert.]

1. Literally, turned aside; hence, distorted from the right.

Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; disposed to be contrary; stubborn; untractable.

To so perverse a sex all grace is vain.

Dryden.

3. Cross; petulant; peevish; disposed to cross and vex.

I'll frown and be perverse, and say thee nay.

Shak.

Perversely

PERVERSELY, adverb pervers'ly. With intent to vex; crossly; peevishly; obstinately in the wrong.

Locke. Swift.

Perverseness

PERVERSENESS, noun pervers'ness. Disposition to cross or vex; untractableness; crossness of temper; a disposition uncomplying, unaccommodating or acting in opposition to what is proper or what is desired by others.

Her whom he wishes most, shall seldom gain

Through her perverseness.

Milton.

2. Perversion. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Perversion

PERVER'SION, noun [French from Latin perversus.]

The act of perverting; a turning from truth or propriety; a diverting from the true intent or object; change to something worse. We speak of the perversion of the laws, when they are misinterpreted or misapplied; a perversion of reason, when it is misemployed; a perversion of Scripture, when it is willfully misinterpreted or misapplied, &c.

Perversity

PERVERS'ITY, noun Perverseness; crossness; disposition to thwart or cross.

Norris.

Perversive

PERVERS'IVE, adjective Tending to pervert or corrupt.

Pervert

PERVERT', verb transitive [Latin perverto; per and verto, to turn.]

1. To turn from truth, propriety, or from its proper purpose; to distort from its true use or end; as, to pervert reason by misdirecting it; to pervert the laws by misinterpreting and misapplying them; to pervert justice; to pervert the meaning of an author; to pervert nature; to pervert truth.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To turn from the right; to corrupt.

He in the serpent had perverted Eve.

Milton.

Perverted

PERVERT'ED, participle passive Turned from right to wrong; distorted; corrupted; misinterpreted; misemployed.

Perverter

PERVERT'ER, noun One that perverts or turns from right to wrong; one that distorts, misinterprets or misapplies.

Pervertible

PERVERT'IBLE, adjective That may be perverted.

Ainsworth.

Perverting

PERVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning from right to wrong; distorting; misinterpreting; misapplying; corrupting.

[Pervert, when used of persons, usually implies evil design.]

Pervestigate

PERVES'TIGATE, verb transitive [Latin pervestigo; per and vestigo, to trace; vestigium, a track.]

To find out by research.

Cockeram.

Pervestigation

PERVESTIGA'TION, noun Diligent inquiry; thorough research.

Chillingworth.

Pervicacious

PERVICA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin pervicax; composed perhaps of per and Teutonic wigan, to strive or contend.]

Very obstinate; stubborn; willfully contrary or refractory.

Denham.

Pervicaciously

PERVICA'CIOUSLY, adverb With willful obstinacy.

Pervicaciousness

PERVICA'CIOUSNESS, or PERVICAC'ITY, noun Stubbornness; willful obstinacy. [Little used.]

Pervious

PER'VIOUS, adjective [Latin pervius; per and via, way, or from the root of that word.]

1. Admitting passage; that may be penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; penetrable. We say, glass is pervious to light; a porous stone is pervious to water; a wood is pervious or not pervious to a body of troops.

A country pervious to the arms and authority of the conqueror.

Gibbon.

2. That may be penetrated by the mental sight.

By darkness they mean God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye.

Taylor.

3. Pervading; permeating; as pervious fire. [Not proper.]

Prior.

Perviousness

PER'VIOUSNESS, noun The quality of admitting passage or of being penetrated; as the perviousness of glass to light.

Boyle.

Pesade

PESA'DE, noun [French passade. See Pass.]

The motion of a horse when he raises his fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the ground without advancing.

Far. Dict.

Peso

PE'SO, noun [supra.] A Spanish coin weighing an ounce; a piaster; a piece of eight.

Spanish Dict.

Pessary

PES'SARY, noun [French pessaire, Italian pessario; Latin pessus.]

A solid substance composed of wool, lint or linen, mixed with powder, oil, wax, &c. made round and long like a finger, to be introduced into the neck of the matrix for the cure of some disorder.

Encyc.

An instrument that is introduced into the vagina to support the uterus. It is made of wood, elastic gum, waxed linen, &c.

Hooper. Cooper.

Pest

PEST, noun [French peste; Latin pestis; Italian peste, whence appestare, to infect or corrupt, Spanish apestar. These words may be allied to the Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic to be fetid, Arabic to beat or throw down, or to a verb of that family. The primary sense is probably to strike or beat, hence a stroke. See Class Bs. No. 25. 39. 48.]

1. Plague; pestilence; a fatal epidemic disease.

Let fierce Achilles

The god propitiate, and the pest assuage.

Pope.

2. Any thing very noxious, mischievous or destructive. The talebearer, the gambler, the libertine, the drunkard, are pests to society.

Of all virtues justice is the best;

Valor without it is a common pest.

Waller.

Pester

PEST'ER, verb transitive [French pester.] To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with little vexations.

We are pestered with mice and rats.

More.

A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world with their insufferable stuff.

Dryden.

2. To encumber.

Milton.

Pestered

PEST'ERED, participle passive Troubled; disturbed; annoyed.

Pesterer

PEST'ERER, noun One that troubles or harasses with vexation.

Pestering

PEST'ERING, participle of the present tense Troubling; disturbing.

Pesterous

PEST'EROUS, adjective Encumbering; burdensome. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Pesthouse

PEST'HOUSE, noun A house or hospital for persons infected with any contagious and mortal disease.

Pestiferous

PESTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin pestis, plague, and fero, to produce.]

1. Pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious.

Arbuthnot.

2. Noxious to peace, to morals or to society; mischievous; destructive.

3. Troublesome; vexations.

Shak.

Pestilence

PEST'ILENCE, noun [Latin pestilentia, from pestilens; pestis, plague.]

1. Plague, appropriately so called; but in a general sense, any contagious or infectious disease that is epidemic and mortal.

Shak.

2. Corruption or moral disease destructive to happiness.

Profligate habits carry pestilence into the bosom of domestic society.

J. M. Mason.

Pestilent

PEST'ILENT, adjective [Latin pestilens, from pestis, plague.]

1. Producing the plague, or other malignant, contagious disease; noxious to health and life; as a pestilent air or climate.

Bacon.

2. Mischievous; noxious to morals or society; destructive; in a general sense; as pestilent books.

3. Troublesome; mischievous; making disturbance; corrupt; as a pestilent fellow. Acts 24.

Pestilential

PESTILEN'TIAL, adjective Partaking of the nature of the plague or other infectious disease; as a pestilential fever.

2. Producing or tending to produce infectious disease; as pestilential vapors.

3. Mischievous; destructive; pernicious.

South.

Pestilently

PEST'ILENTLY, adverb Mischievously; destructively.

Pestillation

PESTILLA'TION, noun [from Latin pistillum, pestle.]

The act of pounding and bruising in a mortar. [Little used.]

Brown.

Pestle

PESTLE, n. pes'l. [Latin pistillum, and probably pinso, for piso, to pound or beat; Swedish piska, to strike. See Pest.]

An instrument for pounding and breaking substances in a mortar.

Locke.

Pestle of pork, a gammon of bacon.

Ainsworth.

Pet

PET, noun [This word may be contracted from petulant, or belong to the root of that word. Peevish, which is evidently a contracted word, may be from the same root.]

A slight fit of peevishness or fretful discontent.

Life given for noble purposes must not be thrown away in a pet, nor whined away in love.

Collier.

Pet

PET, noun [formerly peat. Qu. Welsh pÃƒ-ªth, a little; pÃƒ-ªthan, a babe or little thing; Dutch bout, a duck or dear; Irish baidh, love; Latin peto, or Greek,. In Pers. bat is an idol, a dear friend, a mistress. In Russian pitayu signifies to feed, nourish or bring up. The real origin of the word is doubtful.]

1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

2. A fondling; any little animal fondled and indulged.

Tatler.

Pet

PET, verb transitive To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge.

Petal

PE'TAL, noun [French petale; Greek, from, to expand, Latin pateo. Class Bd. No. 65. &c.]

In botany, a flower leaf. In flowers of one petal, the corol and petal are the same. In flowers of several petals, the corol is the whole, and the petals are the parts, or the petal is one of the leaves of which the whole corol is composed.

Martyn.

Petaled

PET'ALED, or PET'ALOUS, adjective Having petals; as a petaled flower; opposed to apetalous. This word is much used in compounds; as one-petaled; three-petaled.

Petaline

PET'ALINE, adjective Pertaining to a petal; attached to a petal; as a petaline nectary.

Barton.

Petalism

PET'ALISM, noun [Greek. See Petal.]

A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans, by which they proscribed a citizen whose wealth or popularity alarmed their jealousy, or who was suspected of aspiring to sovereign power; temporary proscription, or banishment for five years. The mode was to give their votes by writing his name on a leaf. Petalism in Syracuse answered to ostracism in Athens.

Encyc. Cyc.

Petalite

PET'ALITE, noun [Greek, a leaf.] A rare mineral occurring in masses, having a foliated structure; its color milk white or shaded with gray, red or green. The new alkali, lithia, was first discovered in this mineral.

Cleaveland.

Petaloid

PET'ALOID, adjective [petal and Greek, form.]

Having the form of petals.

Barton. Rafinesque.

Petal-Shaped

PET'AL-SHAPED, adjective Having the shape of a petal.

Petard

PET`ARD, noun [Italian Spanish petardo; French petard.]

An engine of war made of metal, nearly in the shape of a hat, to be loaded with powder and fixed on a madrier or plank, and used to break gates, barricades, drawbridges and the like, by explosion.

Encyc.

Petechiae

PETE'CHIAE, noun [Spanish petequia; Italian petecchia.]

Purple spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers.

Petechial

PETE'CHIAL, adjective [Spanish petequial; Italian petecchiale.]

Spotted. A petechial fever is a malignant fever accompanied with purple spots on the skin.

Peter

PETER, or PETRE. [See Saltpeter.]

Peterel

PET'EREL, or PET'REL, noun An aquatic fowl of the genus Procellaria.

Peterpence

PE'TERPENCE, noun A tax or tribute formerly paid by the English people to the pope; being a penny for every house, payable at Lammas day. It was called also Romescot.

Hall.

Peterwort

PE'TERWORT, noun A plant.

Petiolar

PET'IOLAR, or PET'IOLARY, adjective Pertaining to a petiole, or proceeding from it; as a petiolar tendril.

2. Formed from a petiole; as a petiolar bud.

3. Growing on a petiole; as a petiolar gland.

Martyn.

Petiolate

PET'IOLATE, or PET'IOLED, adjective Growing on a petiole; as a petiolate leaf.

Martyn.

Petiole

PET'IOLE, noun [Latin petiolus, probably a diminutive from pes, pedis.]

In botany, a leaf-stalk; the foot-stalk of a leaf.

Martyn.

Petit

PETIT, a. pet'ty. [French See Petty.] Small; little; mean.

South.

This word petit is now generally written petty.

Petit constable, an inferior civil officer subordinate to the high constable.

Petit jury, a jury of twelve freeholders who are empanneled to try causes at the bar of a court; so called in distinction from the grand jury, which tries the truth of indictments.

Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of the value of twelve pence, or under that amount; opposed to grand larceny.

Petit serjeanty, in English law, the tenure of lands of the king, by the service of rendering to him annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, lance, &c.

Petit treason, the crime of killing a person, to whom the offender owes duty or subjection. Thus it is petit treason for a wife to kill her husband, or a servant his lord or master.

Blackstone.

Petit-Maitre

PETIT-MAITRE, noun pet'ty-maitre. [French a little master.]

A spruce fellow that dangles about females; a fop; a coxcomb.

Addison.

Petition

PETI'TION, noun [Latin petitio, from peto, to ask, properly to urge or press, Saxon biddan, Gothic bidyan, German bitten, Dutch bidden, Swedish bedia, Danish beder, Spanish pedir, Armoric pidi, Irish impidhim, Cornish pidzha. Qu.

Chaldee to supplicate. See Class Bd. No. 57. 63. 64.]

1. In a general sense, a request, supplication or prayer; but chiefly and appropriately, a solemn or formal supplication; a prayer addressed by a person to the Supreme Being, for something needed or desired, or a branch or particular article of prayer.

Law.

2. A formal request or supplication, verbal or written; particularly, a written supplication from an inferior to a superior, either to a single person clothed with power, or to a legislative or other body, soliciting some favor, grant, right or mercy.

3. The paper containing a supplication or solicitation. Much of the time of our legislative bodies is consumed in attending to private petitions. The speaker's table is often loaded with petitions. Petitions to the king of Great Britain must contain nothing reflecting on the administration.

Encyc.

Petition

PETI'TION, verb transitive To make a request to; to ask from; to solicit; particularly, to make supplication to a superior for some favor or right; as, to petition the legislature; to petition a court of chancery.

The mother petitioned her goddess to bestow on them the greatest gift that could be given.

Addison.

Petitionarily

PETI'TIONARILY, adverb By way of begging the question.

Brown.

Petitionary

PETI'TIONARY, adjective Supplicatory; coming with a petition.

Pardon thy petitionary countrymen.

Shak.

2. Containing a petition or request; as a petitionary prayer; a petitionary epistle.

Hooker. Swift.

Petitioner

PETI'TIONER, noun One that presents a petition, either verbal or written.

Petitioning

PETI'TIONING, participle of the present tense Asking as a favor, grant, right or mercy; supplicating.

Petitioning

PETI'TIONING, noun The act of asking or soliciting; solicitation; supplication. Tumultuous petitioning is made penal by statute.

Petitory

PET'ITORY, adjective Petitioning; soliciting. [Not used.]

Brewer.

Petong

PETONG', noun The Chinese name of a species of copper of a white color. It is sometimes confounded with tutenag.

Pinkerton.

Petrean

PETRE'AN, adjective [Latin petra, a rock.] Pertaining to rock or stone.

Faber.

Petrescence

PETRES'CENCE, noun The process of changing into stone.

Kirwan.

Petrescent

PETRES'CENT, adjective [Greek, a stone, Latin petra.]

Converting into stone; changing into stony hardness.

Boyle.

Petrifaction

PETRIFAC'TION, noun [See Petrify.] The process of changing into stone; the conversion of wood or any animal or vegetable substance into stone or a body of stony hardness.

When the water in which wood is lodged is slightly impregnated with petrescent particles, the petrifaction very slowly takes place.

Kirwan.

2. That which is converted from animal or vegetable substance into stone.

Ã‚--The calcarious petrifaction called osteocolla.

Kirwan.

An organized body rendered hard by depositions of stony matter in its cavities.

Ure.

3. In popular usage, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.

Ed. Encyc.

Petrifactive

PETRIFAC'TIVE, adjective Pertaining to petrifaction.

2. Having power to convert vegetable or animal substances into stone.

Brown.

Petrific

PETRIF'IC, adjective Having power to convert into stone.

Milton.

The cold, dry, petrific mace of a false and unfeeling philosophy.

Burke.

Petrificate

PET'RIFICATE, verb transitive To petrify. [Not used.]

Hall.

Petrification

PETRIFICA'TION, noun The process of petrifying.

2. That which is petrified; a petrifaction. [The latter word is generally used.]

3. Obduracy; callousness.

Hallywell.

Petrified

PET'RIFIED, participle passive Changed into stone.

2. Fixed in amazement.

Petrify

PET'RIFY, verb transitive [Latin petra, Greek, a stone or rock, and facio, to make.]

1. To convert to stone or stony substance; as an animal or vegetable substance.

North of Quito, there is a river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves.

Kirwan.

2. To make callous or obdurate; as, to petrify the heart.

And petrify a genius to a dunce.

Pope.

3. To fix; as, to petrify one with astonishment.

Petrify

PET'RIFY, verb intransitive To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as animal or vegetable substances by means of calcarious or other depositions in their cavities.

Petrifying

PET'RIFYING, participle of the present tense Converting into stone; as petrifying operation.

Kirwan.

Petrol

PE'TROL, or PETRO'LEUM, noun [French petrole, from Greek, a stone, and, oil; quasi petrolaion.]

Rock oil, a liquid inflammable substance or bitumen exsuding from the earth and collected on the surface of the water in wells, in various parts of the world, or oozing from cavities in rocks. This is essentially composed of carbon and hydrogen.

Fourcroy. Kirwan. Cyc.

Petronel

PET'RONEL, noun A horseman's pistol.

Petrosilex

PET'ROSILEX, noun [Latin petra, Greek, a stone, and silex, flint.]

Rock stone; rock flint, or compact feldspar.

Petrosilicious

PETROSILI'CIOUS, adjective Consisting of petrosilex; as petrosilicious breccias.

Kirwan.

Petrous

PE'TROUS, adjective [Latin petra, a stone.] Like stone; hard; stony.

Hooper.

Petticoat

PET'TICOAT, noun [French petit, petty, and coat.]

A garment worn by females and covering the lower limbs.

Pettifog

PET'TIFOG, verb intransitive [French petit, small, and voguer, to row. But in Norman, voguer is rendered to call again, to return, as if from Latin voco, like advocate.]

To do small business; as a lawyer. [Vulgar.]

Pettifogger

PET'TIFOGGER, noun An inferior attorney or lawyer who is employed in small or mean business.

Pettifoggery

PET'TIFOGGERY, noun The practice of a pettifogger; tricks; quibbles.

Milton.

Pettiness

PET'TINESS, noun [from petty.] Smallness; littleness.

Shak.

Pettish

PET'TISH, adjective [from pet.] Fretful; peevish; subject to freaks of ill temper.

Creech.

Pettishly

PET'TISHLY, adverb In a pet; with a freak of ill temper.

Pettishness

PET'TISHNESS, noun Fretfulness; petulance; peevishness.

Collier.

Pettitoes

PET'TITOES, noun [petty and toes.] The toes or feet of a pig; sometimes used for the human feet in contempt.

Shak.

Petto

PET'TO, noun [Italian from Latin pectus, the breast.]

The breast; hence, in petto, in secrecy; in reserve.

Chesterfield.

Petty

PET'TY, adjective [French petit.] Small; little; trifling; inconsiderable; as a petty trespass; a petty crime.

Milton.

2. Inferior; as a petty prince.

Denham.

We usually write petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason. [See Petit.]

Pettychaps

PET'TYCHAPS, noun A small bird of the genus Motacilla, called also beambird; found in the north of Europe.

Pennant.

The beambird is the spotted fly-catcher, of the genus Muscicapa.

Ed. Encyc.

Pettycoy

PET'TYCOY, noun An herb.

Ainsworth.

Petulance

PET'ULANCE, or PET'ULANCY, noun [Latin petulantia; French petulance.]

Freakish passion; peevishness; pettishness; sauciness. Peevishness is not precisely synonymous with petulance; the former implying more permanence of a sour, fretful temper; the latter more temporary or capricious irritation.

That which looked like pride in some, and petulance in others.

Clarendon.

The pride and petulance of youth.

Watts.

Petulant

PET'ULANT, adjective [Latin petulans.] Saucy; pert or forward with fretfulness or sourness of temper; as a petulant youth.

2. Manifesting petulance; proceeding from pettishness; as a petulant demand; a petulant answer.

3. Wanton; freakish in passion.

Petulantly

PET'ULANTLY, adverb With petulance; with saucy pertness.

Petunse

PETUNSE, or PETUNTSE, or PETUNTZE, n. petuns'. Porcelain clay so called, used by the Chinese in the manufacture of porcelain or chinaware. It is a variety of feldspar.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Pew

PEW, noun [Dutch puye; Latin podium.] An inclosed seat in a church. Pews were formerly made square; in modern churches in America they are generally long and narrow, and sometimes called slips.

Pew

PEW, verb transitive To furnish with pews. [Little used.]

Ash.

Pewet

PE'WET, noun An aquatic fowl, the sea crow or mire crow, of the genus Larus.

Encyc.

2. The lapwing.

Ainsworth.

Pew-Fellow

PEW'-FELLOW, noun A companion.

Bp. Hall.

Pewter

PEW'TER, noun [Italian peltro; Spanish peltre, from which pewter is formed by a change of l into w, as the French change belle into beau. We receive the word from the Norm. peautre.]

1. A composition or factitious metal, consisting of tin and lead, or tin, lead and brass, in the proportions of a hundred pounds of tin to fifteen of lead, and six of brass. This was formerly in extensive use in domestic utensils or vessels; but being a soft composition and easily melted, is now less used.

2. Vessels or utensils made of pewter; as plates, dishes, porringers and the like.

Addison.

Pewterer

PEW'TERER, noun One whose occupation is to make vessels and utensils of pewter.

Boyle.

Phaeton

PHA'ETON, noun [Greek from, to shine.]

1. In mythology, the son of Phoebus and Clymene, or of Cephalus and Aurora, that is, the son of light or of the sun. This aspiring youth begged of Phoebus that he would permit him to guide the chariot of the sun, in doing which he manifested want of skill, and being struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, he was hurled headlong into the river Po. This fable probably originated in the appearance of a comet with a splendid train, which passed from the sight in the northwest of Italy and Greece.

2. An open carriage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two horses.

3. In ornithology, a genus of fowls, the tropic bird.

Phagedenic

PHAGEDEN'IC, adjective [Greek, from, to eat.]

Eating or corroding flesh; as a phagedenic ulcer or medicine.

Phagedenic water, is made from quick lime and corrosive sublimate.

Phagedenic

PHAGEDEN'IC, noun A medicine or application that eats away proud or fungous flesh.

Encyc. Hooper.

Phalangious

PHALAN'GIOUS, adjective [Greek, a kind of spider, from.]

Pertaining to the genus of spiders denominated, phalangium.

Brown.

Phalangite

PHAL'ANGITE, noun [Greek, a legionary soldier.]

A soldier belonging to a phalanx.

Mitford.

Phalanx

PHAL'ANX, noun [Latin; Greek.] In Grecian antiquity, a square battalion or body of soldiers, formed in ranks and files close and deep, with their shields joined and pikes crossing each other, so as to render it almost impossible to break it. The Macedonian phalanx, celebrated for its force, consisted of 8000 men; but smaller bodies of soldiers were called by the same name.

Encyc. Mitford.

2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of union.

3. In anatomy, the three rows of small bones forming the fingers.

4. In natural history, a term used to express the arrangement of the columns of a sort of fossil corolloid, called lithostrotion, found in Wales.

Woodward.

Phalarope

PHAL'AROPE, noun The name of several species of water fowls inhabiting the northern latitudes of Europe and America.

Pennant.

Phantasm

PHAN'TASM, noun [Greek, from, to show, from the root of, to shine; to appear.]

That which appears to the mind; the image of an external object; hence, an idea or notion. It usually denotes a vain or airy appearance; something imagined.

All the interim is

Like a phantasm or a hideous dream.

Shak.

Phantastic

PHANTAS'TIC, or PHAN'TASY, [See Fantastic and Fancy.]

Phantom

PHAN'TOM, noun [French fantome, corrupted from Latin phantasma.]

1. Something that appears; an apparition; a specter.

Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise.

Pope.

2. A fancied vision.

Pope.

Pharaon

PHA'RAON, noun The name of a game of chance.

Pharaonic

PHARAON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Pharaohs or kings of Egypt, or to the old Egyptians.

Niebuhr.

Pharisaic

PHARISA'IC, or PHARISA'ICAL, adjective [from Pharisee.] Pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees, a sect among the Jews, distinguished by their zeal for the traditions of the elders, and by their exact observance of these traditions and the ritual law. Hence pharisaic denotes addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; as pharisaic holiness.

Bacon.

Pharisaicalness

PHARISA'ICALNESS, noun Devotion to external rites and ceremonies; external show of religion without the spirit of it.

Pharisaism

PHAR'ISAISM, noun The notions, doctrines and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.

2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion.

Encyc. Milner.

Pharisean

PHARISE'AN, adjective Following the practice of the Pharisees.

Milton.

Pharisee

PHAR'ISEE, noun [Hebrew, to separate.]

One of a sect among the Jews, whose religion consisted in a strict observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretended holiness led them to separate themselves as a sect, considering themselves as more righteous than other Jews.

Pharmaceutic

PHARMACEU'TIC, or PHARMACEU'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to practice witchcraft or use medicine; poison or medicine.]

Pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines.

Pharmaceutically

PHARMACEU'TICALLY, adverb In the manner of pharmacy.

Pharmaceutics

PHARMACEU'TICS, noun The science of preparing and exhibiting medicines.

Parr.

Pharmacolite

PHAR'MACOLITE, noun Arseniate of lime, snow white or milk white, inclining to reddish or yellowish white. It occurs in small reniform, botryoidal and globular masses, and has a silky luster.

Dict.

Pharmacologist

PHARMACOL'OGIST, noun [Greek and.]

One that writes on drugs, or the composition and preparation of medicines.

Woodward.

Pharmacology

PHARMACOL'OGY, noun [supra.] The science or knowledge of drugs, or the art of preparing medicines.

2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

Encyc.

Pharmacopaeia

PHARMACOPAE'IA, or PHAR'MACOPY, noun [Greek and, to make.]

A dispensatory; a book or treatise describing the preparations of the several kinds of medicines, with their uses and manner of application.

Pharmacopolist

PHARMACOP'OLIST, noun [Greek and, to sell.] One that sells medicines; an apothecary.

Pharmacy

PHAR'MACY, noun [Greek, a medicament, whether salutary or poisonous.]

The art or practice of preparing, preserving and compounding substances, whether vegetable, mineral or animal, for the purposes of medicine; the occupation of an apothecary.

Encyc.

Pharos

PHA'ROS, noun [Greek. This word is generally supposed to be taken from the name of a small isle, near Alexandria, in Egypt. But qu. is not the word from the root of fire, or from the Celtic fairim, to watch, and the isle so called from the tower upon it?]

1. A light-house or tower which anciently stood on a small isle of that name, adjoining the Egyptian shore, over against Alexandria. It consisted of several stories and galleries, with a lantern on the top, which was kept burning at night as a guide to seamen.

Encyc. Cyc.

2. Any light-house for the direction of seamen; a watch-tower; a beacon.

Pharyngotomy

PHARYNGOT'OMY, noun [Greek, the muscular and glandular bag that leads to the esophagus, and, to cut.]

The operation of making an incision into the pharynx to remove a tumor or any thing that obstructs the passage.

Coxe.

Phase

PHASE, or PHA'SIS, noun plu. phases. [Greek, from, to shine.]

1. In a general sense, an appearance; that which is exhibited to the eye; appropriately, any appearance or quantity of illumination of the moon or other planet. The moon presents different phases at the full and the quadratures.

2. In mineralogy, transparent green quartz.

Cyc.

Phasel

PHAS'EL, noun [Greek or.] The French bean or kidney bean.

Phasm

PHASM, or PHAS'MA, noun [Greek from, supra.] Appearance; fancied apparition; phantom. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Phassachate

PHAS'SACHATE, noun The lead colored agate. [See Agate.]

Encyc.

Pheasant

PHEASANT, n. phez'ant. [French faisan; Italian fagiano; Spanish faysan; Latin phasianus; Greek; Russian phazan; supposed to be so named from the river Phasis, in Asia. But is it not from some root signifying to be spotted? See Class Bs. No. 34.]

A fowl of the genus Phasianus, of beautiful plumage, and its flesh delicate food.

Pheer

PHEER, noun A companion. [Saxon gefera.] [See Peer.]

Pheese

PHEESE, verb transitive To comb. [See Fease.]

Phengite

PHEN'GITE, noun [Greek, from, to shine.]

A beautiful species of alabaster, superior in brightness to most species of marbles.

Encyc.

Phenicopter

PHEN'ICOPTER, noun [Greek, red winged; red, and, wing.]

A fowl of the genus Phaenicopterus, the flamingo, inhabiting the warm latitudes of both continents.

Hakewill.

Phenix

PHE'NIX, noun [Greek; Latin phoenix, the palm or date tree, and a fowl.]

1. The fowl which is said to exist single, and to rise again from its own ashes.

Locke.

2. A person of singular distinction.

Phenogamian

PHENOGAM'IAN, adjective [Greek and.]

In botany, having the essential organs of fructification visible.

Phenomenology

PHENOMENOL'OGY, noun [phenomenon and Greek, discourse.] A description or history of phenomena.

Encyc.

Phenomenon

PHENOM'ENON, noun plu. phenomena. [Greek, from, to appear.]

In a general sense, an appearance; any thing visible; whatever is presented to the eye by observation or experiment, or whatever is discovered to exist; as the phenomena of the natural world; the phenomena of heavenly bodies, or of terrestrial substances; the phenomena of heat or of color. It sometimes denotes a remarkable or unusual appearance.

Pheon

PHE'ON, noun In heraldry, the barbed iron head of a dart.

Phial

PHI'AL, noun [Latin phiala; Greek; Pers. pialah; Italian fiale; French fiole.]

1. A glass vessel or bottle; in common usage, a small glass vessel used for holding liquors, and particularly liquid medicines. It is often written and pronounced vial.

2. A large vessel or bottle made of glass; as the Leyden phial, which is a glass vessel partly coated with tinfoil, to be used in electrical experiments.

Phial

PHI'AL, verb transitive To put or keep in a phial.

Shenstone.

Philadelphian

PHILADELPH'IAN, adjective [Greek and.]

Pertaining to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Philadelphian

PHILADELPH'IAN, noun One of the family of love.

Tatler.

Philanthropic

PHILANTHROP'IC, or PHILANTHROP'ICAL, adjective [See Philanthropy.] Possessing general benevolence; entertaining good will towards all men; loving mankind.

2. Directed to the general good.

Philanthropist

PHILAN'THROPIST, noun A person of general benevolence; one who loves or wishes well to his fellow men, and who exerts himself in doing them good.

Philanthropy

PHILAN'THROPY, noun [Greek, to love, or, a friend, and, man.]

The love of mankind; benevolence towards the whole human family; universal good will. It differs from friendship, as the latter is an affection for individuals.

Encyc. Addison.

Philippic

PHILIP'PIC, noun An oration of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, against Philip, king of Macedon, in which the orator inveighs against the indolence of the Athenians. Hence the word is used to denote any discourse or declamation full of acrimonious invective. The fourteen orations of Cicero against Mark Anthony are also called Philippics.

Philippize

PHIL'IPPIZE, verb intransitive To write or utter invective; to declaim against. [Unusual.]

Burke.

2. To side with Philip; to support or advocate Philip.

Swift.

Phillyrea

PHILLYRE'A, noun A genus of plants, Mockprivet.

Encyc.

Philologer

PHILOL'OGER, or PHILOL'OGIST, noun One versed in the history and construction of language. Philologist is generally used.

Philologic

PHILOLOG'IC, or PHILOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Philology.] Pertaining to philology, or to the study and knowledge of language.

Watts.

Philologize

PHILOL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To offer criticisms. [Little used.]

Evelyn.

Philology

PHILOL'OGY, noun [Greek; to love, and, a word.]

1. Primarily, a love of words, or a desire to know the origin and construction of language. In a more general sense,

2. That branch of literature which comprehends a knowledge of the etymology or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history and antiquities.

Philomath

PHI'LOMATH, noun [Greek; a lover, and, to learn.] A lover of learning.

Philomathic

PHILOMATH'IC, adjective Pertaining to the love of learning.

2. Having a love of letters.

Med. Repos.

Philomathy

PHIL'OMATHY, noun The love of learning.

Philomel

PHI'LOMEL, or PHILOME'LA, noun [from Philomela, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, who was changed into a nightingale.] The nightingale.

Pope.

Philomot

PHIL'OMOT, adjective [corrupted from French feuille morte, a dead leaf.] Of the color of a dead leaf.

Addison.

Philomusical

PHILOMU'SICAL, adjective Loving music.

Busby.

Philopolemic

PHILOPOLEM'IC, adjective [Greek, a lover, and, warlike.]

Ruling over opposite or contending natures; an epithet of Minerva.

Pausanias, Trans.

Philosophate

PHILOS'OPHATE, verb intransitive [Latin philosophor, philosophatus.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Philosophation

PHILOSOPHA'TION, noun Philosophical discussion. [Not used.]

Petty.

Philosopheme

PHILOS'OPHEME, noun [Greek.] Principle of reasoning; a theorem. [Little used.]

Philosopher

PHILOS'OPHER, noun [See Philosophy.] A person versed in philosophy, or in the principles of nature and morality; one who devotes himself to the study of physics, or of moral or intellectual science.

2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly versed in any science.

Philosopher's stone, a stone or preparation which the alchimists formerly sought, as the instrument of converting the baser metals into pure gold.

Philosophic

PHILOSOPH'IC, or PHILOSOPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to philosophy; as a philosophical experiment or problem.

2. Proceeding from philosophy; as philosophic pride.

3. Suitable to philosophy; according to philosophy; as philosophical reasoning or arguments.

4. Skilled in philosophy; as a philosophical historian.

5. Given to philosophy; as a philosophical mind.

6. Regulated by philosophy or the rules of reason; as philosophic fare.

Dryden.

7. Calm; cool; temperate; rational; such as characterizes a philosopher.

Philosophically

PHILOSOPH'ICALLY, adverb In a philosophical manner; according to the rules or principles of philosophy; as, to argue philosophically.

2. Calmly; wisely; rationally.

Philosophism

PHILOS'OPHISM, noun [Greek, a lover, and, sophism.]

1. The love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning.

2. The practice of sophistry.

Chaldee Obs.

Philosophist

PHILOS'OPHIST, noun A lover of sophistry; one who practices sophistry.

Porteus.

Philosophistic

PHILOSOPHIS'TIC, or PHILOSOPHIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry.

Philosophize

PHILOS'OPHIZE, verb intransitive [from philosophy.] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena and assign rational causes for their existence. Sir Isaac Newton lays down four rules of philosophizing.

Two doctors of the schools were philosophizing on the advantages of mankind above all other creatures.

L'Estrange.

Philosophizing

PHILOS'OPHIZING, participle of the present tense Searching into the reasons of things; assigning reasons for phenomena.

Philosophy

PHILOS'OPHY, noun [Latin philosophia; Greek; love; to love, and, wisdom.]

1. Literally, the love of wisdom. But in modern acceptation, philosophy is a general term denoting an explanation of the reasons of things; or an investigation of the causes of all phenomena both of mind and of matter. When applied to any particular department of knowledge, it denotes the collection of general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject, are comprehended. Thus, that branch of philosophy which treats of God, &c. is called theology; that which treats of nature, is called physics or natural philosophy; that which treats of man is called logic and ethics, or moral philosophy; that which treats of the mind is called intellectual or mental philosophy, or metaphysics.

The objects of philosophy are to ascertain facts or truth, and the causes of things or their phenomena; to enlarge our views of God and his works, and to render our knowledge of both practically useful and subservient to human happiness.

True religion and true philosophy must ultimately arrive at the same principle.

S. S. Smith.

2. Hypothesis or system on which natural effects are explained.

We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our schools.

Locke.

3. Reasoning; argumentation.

Milton.

4. Course of sciences read in the schools.

Johnson.

Philter

PHIL'TER, noun [French philtre; Latin philtra; Greek, from, to love, or.]

1. A potion intended or adapted to excite love.

Addison.

2. A charm to excite love.

Philter

PHIL'TER, verb transitive To impregnate with a love-potion; as, to philter a draught.

2. To charm to love; to excite to love or animal desire by a potion.

Phiz

PHIZ, noun [supposed to be a contraction of physiognomy.] The face or visage; in contempt.

Stepney.

Phlebotomist

PHLEBOT'OMIST, noun [See Phlebotomy.] One that opens a vein for letting blood; a blood-letter.

Phlebotomize

PHLEBOT'OMIZE, verb transitive To let blood from a vein.

Howell.

Phlebotomy

PHLEBOT'OMY, noun [Greek; a vein, and, to cut.]

The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood for the cure of diseases or preserving health.

Phlegm

PHLEGM, or PHLEM, noun [Greek, inflammation, and pituitous matter, from, to burn; hence the word must have originally expressed the matter formed by suppuration.]

1. Cold animal fluid; watery matter; one of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed.

Coxe. Encyc.

2. In common usage, bronchial mucus; the thick viscid matter secreted in the throat.

3. Among chimists, water, or the water of distillation.

Coxe.

4. Dullness; coldness; sluggishness; indifference.

Phlegmagogue

PHLEGMAGOGUE, n. phleg'magog. [Greek, phlegm, and, to drive.]

A term anciently used to denote a medicine supposed to possess the property of expelling phlegm. Obs.

Encyc. Floyer.

Phlegmatic

PHLEGMAT'IC, adjective [Greek.]

1. Abounding in phlegm; as phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution.

Harvey.

2. Generating phlegm; as phlegmatic meat.

Shak.

3. Watery.

Newton.

4. Cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; not easily excited into action or passion; as a phlegmatic temper or temperament.

Addison.

Phlegmatically

PHLEGMAT'ICALLY, adverb Coldly; heavily.

Warburton.

Phlegmon

PHLEG'MON, noun [Greek, from, to burn.]

An external inflammation and tumor, attended with burning heat.

Phlegmonous

PHLEG'MONOUS, adjective Having the nature or properties of a phlegmon; inflammatory; burning; as a phlegmonous tumor.

Harvey.

Phleme

PHLEME, noun [Armoric flemm, a sharp point.] [See Fleam.]

Phlogistian

PHLOGIS'TIAN, noun A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

Phlogistic

PHLOGIS'TIC, adjective [See Phlogiston.] Partaking of phlogiston; inflaming.

Adams.

Phlogisticate

PHLOGIS'TICATE, verb transitive To combine phlogiston with.

Phlogistication

PHLOGISTICA'TION, noun The act or process of combining with phlogiston.

Phlogiston

PHLOGIS'TON, noun [Greek, from, to burn or inflame; to burn.]

The principle of inflammability; the matter of fire in composition with other bodies. Stahl gave this name to an element which he supposed to be pure fire fixed in combustible bodies, in order to distinguish it from fire in action or in a state of liberty.

But the theory has been proved to be false and is generally abandoned.

Bartram.

Pholadite

PHO'LADITE, noun A petrified shell of the genus Pholas.

Jameson.

Phonics

PHON'ICS, noun [Greek, sound.] The doctrine or science of sounds; otherwise called acoustics.

Encyc.

2. The art of combining musical sounds.

Busby.

Phonocamptic

PHONOCAMP'TIC, adjective [Greek, sound, and, to inflect.]

Having the power to inflect sound, or turn it from its direction, and thus to alter it.

Derham.

Phonolite

PHON'OLITE, noun [Greek, sound, and, stone.]

Sounding stone; a name proposed as a substitute for klingstein [jingling stone.]

Phonological

PHONOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to phonology.

Phonology

PHONOL'OGY, noun [Greek, sound, voice, and, discourse.]

A treatise on sounds, or the science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including its various distinctions or subdivisions of tones.

Du Ponceau.

Phosgene

PHOS'GENE, adjective [Greek, light, and, to generate.]

Generating light. Phosgene gas is generated by the action of light on chlorin and carbonic oxyd gas.

Silliman.

Phosphate

PHOS'PHATE, noun [See Phosphor and Phosphorus.]

1. A salt formed by a combination of phosphoric acid with a base of earth, alkali or metal.

Lavoisier.

2. A mineral found in Estremadura, &c.

Phosphite

PHOS'PHITE, noun A salt formed by a combination of phosphorous acid with a salifiable base.

Lavoisier.

Phospholite

PHOS'PHOLITE, noun [phosphor and Greek, a stone.] An earth united with phosphoric acid.

Kirwan.

Phosphor

PHOS'PHOR, noun [Greek; light, from, to shine, and, to bring. See Phosphorus.]

The morning star or Lucifer; Venus, when it precedes the sun and shines in the morning. In this sense, it is also written Phosphorus.

Pope.

Phosphorate

PHOS'PHORATE, verb transitive To combine or impregnate with phosphorus.

Phosphorated

PHOS'PHORATED, participle passive Combined or impregnated with phosphorus.

Phosphorating

PHOS'PHORATING, participle of the present tense Combining with phosphorus.

Phosphoresce

PHOSPHORESCE, v. i. phosphoress'. [See Phosphorus.]

To shine, as phosphorus, by exhibiting a faint light without sensible heat.

Arenaceous limestone phosphoresces in the dark, when scraped with a knife.

Kirwan.

Phosphorescence

PHOSPHORES'CENCE, noun A faint light or luminousness of a body, unaccompanied with sensible heat. It is exhibited by certain animals, as well as by vegetable and mineral substances.

Phosphorescent

PHOSPHORES'CENT, adjective Shining with a faint light; luminous without sensible heat.

Phosphorescing

PHOSPHORES'CING, participle of the present tense Exhibiting light without sensible heat.

Cleaveland.

Phosphoric

PHOS'PHORIC, adjective Pertaining to or obtained from phosphorus. The phosphoric acid is formed by a saturated combination of phosphorus and oxygen.

Phosphorite

PHOS'PHORITE, noun A species of calcarious earth; a subspecies of apatite.

Ure.

Phosphoritic

PHOSPHORIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to phosphorite, or of the nature of phosphorite.

Spallanzani.

Phosphorous

PHOS'PHOROUS, adjective The phosphorous acid is formed by a combination of phosphorus with oxygen.

Phosphorus

PHOS'PHORUS, or PHOS'PHOR, noun [Latin from the Greek. See Phosphor.]

1. The morning star.

2. Phosphorus, in chimistry, a combustible substance, hitherto undecomposed. It is of a yellowish color and semi-transparent, resembling fine wax. It burns in common air with great rapidity; and in oxygen gas, with the greatest vehemence. Even at the common temperature, it combines with oxygen, undergoing a slow combustion and emitting a luminous vapor. It is originally obtained from urine; but it is now manufactured from bones, which consist of phosphate of lime.

Dutch Olmsted.

Phosphuret

PHOS'PHURET, noun A combination of phosphorus not oxygenated, with a base; as phosphuret of iron or copper.

Hooper.

Phosphureted

PHOS'PHURETED, adjective Combined with a phosphuret.

Photizite

PHO'TIZITE, noun A mineral, an oxyd of manganese.

Phillips.

Photologic

PHOTOLOG'IC, or PHOTOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Photology.] Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.

Photology

PHOTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, light, and, discourse.]

The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena.

Mitchill.

Photometer

PHOTOM'ETER, noun [Greek, light, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring the relative intensities of light.

Rumford. Leslie.

Photometric

PHOTOMET'RIC, or PHOTOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to or made by a photometer.

Phrase

PHRASE, n. s as z. [Greek, from, to speak.]

1. A short sentence or expression. A phrase may be complete, as when it conveys complete sense, as humanum est errare, to err is human; or it may be incomplete, as when it consists of several words without affirming any thing, or when the noun and the verb do the office of a noun only; as, that which is true, that is, truth, satisfies the mind.

Encyc.

2. A particular mode of speech; a peculiar sentence or short idiomatic expression; as a Hebrew phrase; an Italian phrase.

3. Style; expression.

Thou speak'st

In better phrase.

Shak.

4. In music, any regular symmetrical course of notes which begin and complete the intended expression.

Busby.

Phrase

PHRASE, verb transitive To call; to style; to express in words or in peculiar words.

These suns,

For so they phrase them.

Shak.

Phraseless

PHRA'SELESS, adjective Not to be expressed or described.

Phraseologic

PHRASEOLOG'IC, or PHRASEOLOG'ICAL, adjective Peculiar in expression; consisting of a peculiar from of words.

Phraseology

PHRASEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, phrase, and, to speak.]

1. Manner of expression; peculiar words used in a sentence; diction.

2. A collection of phrases in a language.

Encyc.

Phrenetic

PHRENET'IC, adjective [Greek. See Phrensy.]

Subject to strong or violent sallies of imagination or excitement, which in some measure pervert the judgment and cause the person to act in a manner different from the more rational part of mankind; wild and erratic; partially mad. [It has been sometimes written phrentic, but is now generally written frantic.]

Phrenetic

PHRENET'IC, noun A person who is wild and erratic in his imagination.

Woodward.

Phrenic

PHREN'IC, adjective [from Greek, the diaphragm.]

Belonging to the diaphragm; as a phrenic vein.

Phrenitis

PHREN'ITIS, noun [Greek, from, the mind. The primary sense of the root of this word is to move, advance or rush forward; as in Latin animus, animosus, and the Teutonic mod, mood.]

1. In medicine, an inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium.

Encyc.

2. Madness, or partial madness; delirium; phrenzy. [It is generally written in English, phrensy or frenzy.]

Phrenology

PHRENOL'OGY, noun [Greek, the mind, and, discourse.]

The science of the human mind and its various properties.

Chaldee Obs.

Phrenology is now applied to the science of the mind as connected with the supposed organs of thought and passion in the brain, broached by Gall.

Phrensy

PHREN'SY, n. s. as z. [supra.] Madness; delirium, or that partial madness which manifests itself in wild and erratic sallies of the imagination. It is written also frenzy.

Demoniac phrensy; moping melancholy.

Milton.

Phrontistery

PHRON'TISTERY, noun [Greek, from, to think; mind.]

A school or seminary of learning. [Not used.]

Phrygian

PHRYG'IAN, adjective [from Phrygia, in Asia Minor.]

Pertaining to Phrygia; an epithet applied to a sprightly animating kind of music.

Arbuthnot.

Phrygian stone, a stone described by the ancients, used in dyeing; a light spungy stone resembling a pumice, said to be drying and astringent.

Pliny. Dioscorides.

Phthisic

PHTHIS'IC, n. tiz'zic. A consumption. [Little used.]

Phthisical

PHTHISICAL, a. tiz'zical. [Greek. See Phthisis.]

Wasting the flesh; as a phthisical consumption.

Harvey.

Phthisis

PHTHISIS, n. the'sis or thi'sis. [Greek, from, to consume.]

A consumption occasioned by ulcerated lungs.

Encyc. Coxe.

Phylacter

PHYLAC'TER, or PHYLAC'TERY, noun [Greek, from, to defend or guard.]

1. In a general sense, any charm, spell or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

2. Among the Jews, a slip of parchment on which was written some text of Scripture, particularly of the decalogue, worn by devout persons on the forehead, breast or neck as a mark of their religion.

Encyc.

3. Among the primitive christians, a case in which they inclosed the relics of the dead.

Encyc.

Phylactered

PHYLAC'TERED, adjective Wearing a phylactery; dressed like the Pharisees.

Green.

Phylacteric

PHYLAC'TERIC, or PHYLACTER'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to phylacteries.

Addison.

Phyllite

PHYL'LITE, noun [Greek, a leaf, and, a stone.]

A petrified leaf, or a mineral having the figure of a leaf.

Lunier.

Phyllophorous

PHYLLOPH'OROUS, adjective [Greek, a leaf, and, to bear.] Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

Physalite

PHYS'ALITE, noun [Greek, to swell or inflate, and, a stone.]

A mineral of a greenish white color, a subspecies of prismatic topaz; called also pyrophysalite, as it intumesces in heat.

Jameson. Phillips.

Physeter

PHYSETER. [See Cachalot.]

Physianthropy

PHYSIAN'THROPY, noun [Greek, nature, and, man.]

The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and the remedies.

Med. Repos.

Physic

PHYS'IC, n. s as z. [Greek, from, nature; to produce.]

1. The art of healing diseases. This is now generally called medicine.

Encyc.

2. Medicines; remedies for diseases. We desire physic only for the sake of health.

Hooker.

3. In popular language, a medicine that purges; a purge; a cathartic. [In technical and elegant language this sense is not used.]

Physic

PHYS'IC, verb transitive To treat with physic; to evacuate the bowels with a cathartic; to purge.

Shak.

2. To cure.

Shak.

Physical

PHYS'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to nature or natural productions, or to material things, as opposed to things moral or imaginary. We speak of physical force or power, with reference to material things; as, muscular strength is physical force; armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; whereas wisdom, knowledge, skill, &c. constitute moral force. A physical point is a real point, in distinction from a mathematical or imaginary point. A physical body or substance is a material body or substance, in distinction from spirit or metaphysical substance.

2. External; perceptible to the senses; as the physical characters of a mineral; opposed to chimical.

Phillips.

3. Relating to the art of healing; as a physical treatise.

4. Having the property of evacuating the bowels; as physical herbs.

5. Medicinal; promoting the cure of diseases.

6. Resembling physic; as a physical taste.

Johnson.

[In the three latter senses, nearly obsolete among professional men.]

Physical education, the education which is directed to the object of giving strength, health and vigor to the bodily organs and powers.

Physically

PHYS'ICALLY, adverb According to nature; by natural power or the operation of natural laws in the material system of things, as distinguished from moral power or influence. We suppose perpetual motion to be physically impossible.

I am not now treating physically of light or colors.

Locke.

2. According to the art or rules of medicine. Obs.

He that lives physically, must live miserably.

Cheyne.

Physician

PHYSI'CIAN, noun A person skilled in the art of healing; one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases.

2. In a spiritual sense, one that heals moral diseases; as a physician of the soul.

Physico-Logic

PHYSICO-LOG'IC, noun Logic illustrated by natural philosophy.

Physico-Logical

PHYSICO-LOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to physico-logic. [Little used.]

Swift.

Physico-Theology

PHYSICO-THEOL'OGY, noun [physic or physical and theology.]

Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.

Physics

PHYS'ICS, n. s as z. In its most extensive sense, the science of nature or of natural objects, comprehending the study or knowledge of whatever exists.

2. In the usual and more limited sense, the science of the material system, including natural history and philosophy. This science is of vast extent, comprehending whatever can be discovered of the nature and properties of bodies, their causes, effects, affections, operations, phenomena and laws.

Physiognomer

PHYSIOGNOMER. [See Physiognomist.]

Physiognomic

PHYSIOGNOM'IC, or PHYSIOGNOM'ICAL, a. s as z. [See Physiognomy.]

Pertaining to physiognomy; expressing the temper, disposition or other qualities of the mind by signs in the countenance; or drawing a knowledge of the state of the mind from the features of the face.

Physiognomics

PHYSIOGNOM'ICS, noun Among physicians, signs in the countenance which indicate the state, temperament or constitution of the body and mind.

Encyc.

Physiognomist

PHYSIOG'NOMIST, noun One that is skilled in physiognomy; one that is able to judge of the particular temper or other qualities of the mind, by signs in the countenance.

Dryden.

Physiognomy

PHYSIOG'NOMY, noun [Greek; nature, and, knowing; to know.]

1. The art or science of discerning the character of the mind from the features of the face; or the art of discovering the predominant temper or other characteristic qualities of the mind by the form of the body, but especially by the external signs of the countenance, or the combination of the features.

Bacon. Lavater.

2. The face or countenance with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast or expression of countenance.

Dryden.

[This word formerly comprehended the art of foretelling the future fortunes of persons by indications of the countenance.]

Physiography

PHYSIOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, nature, and, to describe.]

A description of nature, or the science of natural objects.

Journ. of Science.

Physiologer

PHYSIOL'OGER, noun A physiologist. [The latter is generally used.]

Physiologic

PHYSIOLOG'IC, or PHYSIOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Physiology.] Pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the properties and functions of living beings.

Physiologically

PHYSIOLOG'ICALLY, adverb According to the principles of physiology.

Lawrence's Lect.

Physiologist

PHYSIOL'OGIST, noun One who is versed in the science of living beings, or in the properties and functions of animals and plants.

2. One that treats of physiology.

Physiology

PHYSIOL'OGY, noun [Greek; nature, and, to discourse.]

1. According to the Greek, this word signifies a discourse or treatise of nature, but the moderns use the word in a more limited sense, for the science of the properties and functions of animals and plants, comprehending what is common to all animals and plants, and what is peculiar to individuals and species.

2. The science of the mind, of its various phenomena, affections and powers.

Brown.

Physy

PHYSY, for fusee. [Not used.]

Locke.

Phytivorous

PHYTIV'OROUS, adjective [Greek, a plant, and Latin voro, to eat.]

Feeding on plants or herbage; as phytivorous animals.

Ray.

Phytographical

PHYTOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the description of plants.

Phytography

PHYTOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, a plant, and, description.] A description of plants.

Phytolite

PHYT'OLITE, noun [Greek, a plant, and, a stone.] A plant petrified, or fossil vegetable.

Phytologist

PHYTOL'OGIST, noun [See Phytology.] One versed in plants, or skilled in phytology; a botanist.

Evelyn.

Phytology

PHYTOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a plant, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise of plants, or the doctrine of plants; description of the kinds and properties of plants.

Pia mater, [Latin] in anatomy, a thin membrane immediately investing the brain.

Coxe.

Piaba

PIABA, noun A small fresh water fish of Brazil, about the size of the minnow, much esteemed for food.

Encyc.

Piacle

PI'ACLE, noun [Latin piaculum.] An enormous crime. [Not used.]

Howell.

Piacular

PIAC'ULAR, or PIAC'ULOUS, adjective [Latin piacularis, from pio, to expiate.]

1. Expiatory; having power to atone.

2. Requiring expiation.

Brown.

3. Criminal; atrociously bad.

Glanville.

[These words are little used.]

Pianet

PI'ANET, noun [Latin pica or picus.] A bird, the lesser woodpecker.

Bailey.

2. The magpie.

Pianist

PI'ANIST, noun A performer on the fortepiano, or one well skilled in it.

Busby.

Piano-Forte

PIANO-FORTE, noun [Italian piano, from Latin planus, plain, smooth, and Italian forte, Latin fortis, strong.]

A keyed musical instrument of German origin and of the harpsichord kind, but smaller; so called from its softer notes or expressions. Its tones are produced by hammers instead of quills, like the virginal and spinet.

Encyc. Cyc.

Piaster

PIAS'TER, noun [Italian piastra, a thin plate of metal, or a dollar. See Plate.]

An Italian coin of about 80 cents value, or 3s. 7d. sterling. But the value is different in different states or countries. It is called also, a piece of eight.

Piazza

PIAZ'ZA, noun [Italian for plazza; Spanish plaza; Portugese praÃƒ-§a, for plaÃƒ-§a; French place; id.; Dutch plaats; German platz; Danish plads; Swedish plats.]

In building, a portico or covered walk supported by arches or columns.

Encyc.

Pib-Corn

PIB'-CORN, noun [Welsh pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, a wind instrument or pipe with a horn at each end.

Pibroch

PI'BROCH, noun [Gael. piobaireachd, pipe-music; Celtic pib, piob, a pipe.]

A wild irregular species of music, peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It is performed on a bagpipe, and adapted to excite or assuage passion, and particularly to rouse a martial spirit among troops going to battle.

Encyc. Jamieson.

Pica

PI'CA, noun In ornithology, the pie or mag-pie, a species of Corvus.

2. In medicine, a vitiated appetite which makes the patient crave what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, &c.

3. A printing type of a large size; probably named from litera picata, a great black letter at the beginning of some new order in the liturgy; hence,

4. Pica, pye or pie, formerly an ordinary, a table or directory for devotional services; also, an alphabetical catalogue of names and things in rolls and records.

Encyc.

Pica marina, the sea-pye, ostralegus, or oyster-catcher; an aquatic fowl of the genus Haematopus. This fowl feeds on oysters, limpets and marine insects.

Picaroon

PICAROON', noun [French picoreur, from picorer, to plunder; Scot. pikary, rapine; from the root of pick, peck, Spanish picar.]

A plunderer; a pirate. This word is not applied to a highway robber, but to pirates and plunderers of wrecks.

In all wars, Corsica and Majorca have been nests of picaroons.

Temple.

Piccadil

PIC'CADIL, or PICCADIL'LY, or PICK'ARDIL, noun [probably from the root of pike, peak.] A high collar or a kind of ruff.

Wilson.

Piccage

PIC'CAGE, noun [Norm. pecker, to break open; from the root of pick, peck.]

Money paid at fairs for breaking ground for booths.

Ainsworth.

Pick

PICK, verb transitive [Saxon pycan; Dutch pikken; German picken; Danish pikker; Swedish picka; Welsh pigaw, to pick or peck; Spanish picar; French piquer; Greek or; Latin pecto. The verb may be radical, [see Class Bg. No. 61. 62. 65.] or derived from the use of the beak or any pointed instrument. It belongs to a numerous family of words, at least if connected with beak, pike, &c.]

1. To pull off or pluck with the fingers something that grows or adheres to another thing; to separate by the hand, as fruit from trees; as, to pick apples or oranges; to pick strawberries.

2. To pull off or separate with the teeth, beak or claws; as, to pick flesh from a bone; hence,

3. To clean by the teeth, fingers or claws, or by a small instrument, by separating something that adheres; as, to pick a bone; to pick the ears.

4. To take up; to cause or seek industriously; as, to pick a quarrel.

5. To separate or pull asunder; to pull into small parcels by the fingers; to separate locks for loosening and cleaning; as, to pick wool.

6. To pierce; to strike with a pointed instrument; as, to pick an apple with a pin.

Bacon.

7. To strike with the bill or beak; to puncture. In this sense, we generally use peck.

8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands; as, to pick the pocket.

South.

9. To open by a pointed instrument; as, to pick a lock.

10. To select; to cull; to separate particular things from others; as, to pick the best men from a company. In this sense, the word is often followed by out.

To pick off, to separate by the fingers or by a small pointed instrument.

To pick out, to select; to separate individuals from numbers.

To pick up, to take up with the fingers or beak; also, to take particular things here and there; to gather; to glean.

To pick a hole in one's coat, to find fault.

Pick

PICK, verb intransitive To eat slowly or by morsels; to nibble.

Dryden.

2. To do any thing nicely or by attending to small things.

Dryden.

Pick

PICK, noun [French pique; Dutch pik.] A sharp pointed tool for digging or removing in small quantities.

What the miners call chert and whernÃ‚--is so hard that the picks will not touch it.

Woodward.

2. Choice; right of selection. You may have your pick.

3. Among printers, foul matter which collects on printing types from the balls, bad ink, or from the paper impressed.

Pickapack

PICKAPACK, adverb In manner of a pack. [Vulgar.]

L'Estrange.

Pickax

PICK'AX, noun [pick and ax.] An ax with a sharp point at one end and a broad blade at the other.

Milton.

Pickback

PICK'BACK, adjective On the back.

Hudibras.

Picked

PICK'ED, participle passive Plucked off by the fingers, teeth or claws; cleaned by picking; opened by an instrument; selected.

Picked

PICK'ED, or PIK'ED, adjective Pointed; sharp.

Let the stake be made picked at the top.

Mortimer.

Pickedness

PICK'EDNESS, noun State of being pointed at the end; sharpness.

2. Foppery; spruceness.

Johnson.

Pickeer

PICKEE'R, verb transitive [French picorer; from pick.]

1. To pillage; to pirate.

Hudibras.

2. To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts of an army, or in pillaging parties.

Picker

PICK'ER, noun One that picks or culls.

Mortimer.

2. A pickax or instrument for picking or separating.

Mortimer.

3. One that excites a quarrel between himself and another.

Pickerel

PICK'EREL, noun [from pike.] A small pike, a fish of the genus Esox.

Pickerel-Weed

PICK'EREL-WEED, noun A plant supposed to breed pickerels.

Walton.

Picket

PICK'ET, noun [French piquet; Russian beket.] A stake sharpened or pointed; used in fortification and eneampments.

2. A narrow board pointed; used in making fence.

3. A guard posted in front of an army to give notice of the approach of the enemy.

Marshall.

4. A game at cards. [See Piquet.]

5. A punishment which consists in making the offender stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

Picket

PICK'ET, verb transitive To fortify with pointed stakes.

2. To inclose or fence with narrow pointed boards.

3. To fasten to a picket.

Moore.

Picketed

PICK'ETED, participle passive Fortified or inclosed with pickets.

Picketing

PICK'ETING, participle of the present tense Inclosing or fortifying with pickets.

Picking

PICK'ING, participle of the present tense Pulling off with the fingers or teeth; selecting.

Picking

PICK'ING, noun The act of plucking; selection; gathering; gleaning.

Pickle

PICK'LE, noun [Dutch pekel; German pÃƒ-¶kel.] Brine; a solution of salt and water, sometimes impregnated with spices, in which flesh, fish or other substance is preserved; as pickle for beef; pickle for capers or for cucumbers; pickle for herring.

2. A thing preserved in pickle.

3. A state or condition of difficulty or disorder; a word used in ridicule or contempt. You are in a fine pickle.

How cam'st thou in this pickle?

Shak.

4. A parcel of land inclosed with a hedge. [Local.]

Pickle

PICK'LE, verb transitive To preserve in brine or pickle; as, to pickle herring.

2. To season in pickle.

3. To imbue highly with any thing bad; as a pickled rogue.

Pickle-Herring

PICKLE-HER'RING, noun A merry Andrew; a zany; a buffoon.

Spectator.

Picklock

PICK'LOCK, noun [pick and lock.] An instrument for opening locks without the key.

L'Estrange. Arbuthnot.

2. A person who picks locks.

Picknick

PICK'NICK, noun An assembly where each person contributes to the entertainment.

Todd.

Pickpocket

PICK'POCKET, noun One who steals from the pocket of another.

Arbuthnot.

Pickpurse

PICK'PURSE, noun One that steals from the purse of another.

Swift.

Pickthank

PICK'THANK, noun An officious fellow who does what he is not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor; a whispering parasite.

South.

Picktooth

PICK'TOOTH, noun An instrument for picking or cleaning the teeth. [But toothpick is more generally used.]

Pico

PICO, noun [Spanish See Peak.] A peak; the pointed head of a mountain.

Picrolite

PIC'ROLITE, noun A mineral composed chiefly of the carbonate of magnesia, of a green color. [See Pikrolite.]

Picromel

PIC'ROMEL, noun [Greek, bitter.] The characteristic principle of bile.

Ure.

Picrotoxin

PICROTOX'IN, noun [Greek, bitter, and Latin toxicum.]

The bitter and poisonous principle of the Cocculus Indicus.

Ure.

Pict

PICT, noun [Latin pictus, pingo.] A person whose body is painted.

Pictorial

PICTO'RIAL, adjective [Latin pictor, a painter.] Pertaining to a painter; produced by a painter.

Brown.

Pictural

PIC'TURAL, noun A representation. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Picture

PIC'TURE, noun [Latin pictura, from pingo, to paint; Italian pittura.]

1. A painting exhibiting the resemblance of any thing; a likeness drawn in colors.

Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects.

Bacon.

2. The works of painters; painting.

Quintilian, when he saw any well expressed image of grief, either in picture or sculpture, would usually weep.

Wotton.

3. Any resemblance or representation, either to the eye or to the understanding. Thus we say, a child is the picture of his father; the poet has drawn an exquisite picture of grief.

Picture

PIC'TURE, verb transitive To paint a resemblance.

Love is like a painter, who, in drawing the picture of a friend having a blemish in one eye, would picture only the other side of the face.

South.

2. To represent; to form or present an ideal likeness.

I do picture it in my mind.

Spenser.

Pictured

PIC'TURED, participle passive Painted in resemblance; drawn in colors; represented.

Picturesque

PICTURESQUE, or PICTURESK', adjective [French pittoresque; Italian pittoresco; from the Latin pictura, or pictor. In English, this would be picturish.]

Expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial; striking the mind with great power or pleasure in representing objects of vision, and in painting to the imagination any circumstance or event as clearly as if delineated in a picture.

Gray.

Picturesquely

PICTURESQUELY, or PICTURESK'LY, adverb In a picturesque manner.

Montgomery.

Picturesqueness

PICTURESQUENESS, or PICTURESK'NESS, noun The state of being picturesque.

Price.

Piddle

PID'DLE, verb intransitive [This is a different spelling of peddle, or from the same source.]

1. To deal in trifles; to spend time in trifling objects; to attend to trivial concerns or the small parts rather than to the main.

Ainsworth.

2. To pick at table; to eat squeamishly or without appetite.

Swift.

Piddler

PID'DLER, noun One who busies himself about little things.

2. One that eats squeamishly or without appetite.

Pie

PIE, noun [Irish pighe, perhaps from the paste; Greek, thick; or from mixing.]

An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it, as apple, minced meat, &c.

Pie

PIE, noun [Latin pica; Welsh piog.] The magpie, a party-colored bird of the genus Corvus. It is sometimes written pye.

2. The old popish service book, supposed to be so called from the different color of the text and rubric, or from litera picata, a large black letter, used at the beginning of each order.

3. Printers' types mixed or unsorted.

Cock and pie, an adjuration by the pie or service book, and by the sacred name of the Deity corrupted.

Shak.

Piebald

PI'EBALD, adjective [Spanish pio, of various colors.]

Of various colors; diversified in color; diversified in color; as a piebald horse.

Pope.

Piece

PIECE, noun [French piÃƒ-¨ce; Italian pezzo; Spanish pieza; Portugese peÃƒ-§a; Irish piosa; Armoric pez. If the elements of this word are Bz, it may be from the Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic, to cut off or clip.]

1. A fragment or part of any thing separated from the whole, in any manner, by cutting, splitting, breaking or tearing; as, to cut in pieces, break in pieces, tear in pieces, pull in pieces, &c.; a piece of a rock; a piece of paper.

2. A part of any thing, though not separated, or separated only in idea; not the whole; a portion; as a piece of excellent knowledge.

Tillotson.

3. A distinct part or quantity; a part considered by itself, or separated from the rest only by a boundary or divisional line; as a piece of land in the meadow or on the mountain.

4. A separate part; a thing or portion distinct from others of a like kind; as a piece of timber; a piece of cloth; a piece of paper hangings.

5. A composition, easy or writing of no great length; as a piece of poetry or prose; a piece of music.

6. A separate performance; a distinct portion of labor; as a piece of work.

7. A picture or painting.

If unnatural, the finest colors are but daubing, and the piece is a beautiful monster at the best.

Dryden.

8. A coin; as a piece of eight.

9. A gun or single part of ordnance. We apply the word to a cannon, a mortar, or a musket. Large guns are called battering pieces; smaller guns are called field pieces.

10. In heraldry, an ordinary or charge. The fess, the bend, the pale, the bar, the cross, the saltier, the chevron are called honorable pieces.

11. In ridicule or contempt. A piece of a lawyer is a smatterer.

12. A castle; a building. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

A-piece, to each; as, he paid the men a dollar a-piece.

Of a piece, like; of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole. They seemed all of a piece. Sometimes followed by with.

The poet must be of a piece with the spectators to gain reputation.

Dryden.

Piece

PIECE, verb transitive To enlarge or mend by the addition of a piece; to patch; as, to piece a garment; to piece the time.

Shak.

To piece out, to extend or enlarge by addition of a piece or pieces.

Temple.

Piece

PIECE, verb intransitive To unite by coalescence of parts; to be compacted, as parts into a whole.

Bacon.

Pieced

PIE'CED, participle passive Mended or enlarged by a piece or pieces.

Pieceless

PIE'CELESS, adjective Not made of pieces; consisting of an entire thing.

Donne.

Piecemeal

PIE'CEMEAL, adverb [piece and Saxon mel, time. Qu.]

1. In pieces; in fragments.

On which it piecemeal broke.

Chapman.

2. By pieces; by little and little in succession.

Piecemeal they win this acre first, then that.

Pope.

Piecemeal

PIE'CEMEAL, adjective Single; separate; made of parts or pieces.

South.

Piecemealed

PIE'CEMEALED, adjective Divided into small pieces.

Cotgrave.

Piecer

PIE'CER, noun One that pieces; a patcher.

Pied

PI'ED, adjective [allied probably to pie, in piebald, and a contracted word, perhaps from the root of Latin pictus.]

Variegated with spots of different colors; spotted. We now apply the word chiefly or wholly to animals which are marked with large spots of different colors. If the spots are small, we use speckled. This distinction was not formerly observed, and in some cases, pied is elegantly used to express a diversity of colors in small spots.

Meadows trim with daisies pied.

Milton.

Piedness

PI'EDNESS, noun Diversity of colors in spots.

Shak.

Pieled

PIE'LED, adjective [See Peel.] Bald; bare.

Piepoudre

PIE'POUDRE, noun [French pied, foot, and poudreux, dusty, from poudre, dust; or pied puldreaux, a pedlar.]

An ancient court of record in England, incident to every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owns or has the toll, is the judge. It had jurisdiction of all causes arising in the fair or market.

Blackstone.

Pier

PIER, noun [Saxon per, pere; Dutch beer, steene beer. If this word is from the French pierre, it is a contraction of Latin petra. But more probably it is not from the French.]

1. A mass of solid stone work for supporting an arch or the timbers of a bridge or other building.

2. A mass of stone work or a mole projecting into the sea, for breaking the force of the waves and making a safe harbor.

Pierce

PIERCE, v. t. pers. [French percer; Greek. The primary sense is probably to thrust or drive, and the word may be connected in origin with the Welsh ber or pÃƒ-ªr, a spit, a spear, Irish bior.]

1. To thrust into with a pointed instrument; as, to pierce the body with a sword or spear; to pierce the side with a thorn.

2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into; as, a column of troops pierced the main body of the enemy; a shot pierced the ship.

3. To penetrate the heart deeply; to touch the passions; to excite or affect the passions. 1 Timothy 6.

4. To dive or penetrate into, as a secret or purpose.

Pierce

PIERCE, v. i. pers. To enter; as a pointed instrument.

2. To penetrate; to force a way into or through any thing. The shot pierced through the side of the ship.

Her tears will pierce into a marble heart.

Shak.

3. To enter; to dive or penetrate, as into a secret.

She would not pierce further into his meaning than himself should declare.

Sidney.

4. To affect deeply.

Pierceable

PIERCEABLE, adjective pers'able. That may be pierced.

Spenser.

Pierced

PIERCED, pp. pers'ed. Penetrated; entered by force; transfixed.

Piercer

PIERCER, n. pers'er. An instrument that pierces, penetrates or bores.

2. One that pierces or perforates.

Piercing

PIERCING, participle of the present tense pers'ing. Penetrating; entering, as a pointed instrument; making a way by force into another body.

2. Affecting deeply; as eloquence piercing the heart.

3. adjective Affecting; cutting; keen.

Piercingly

PIERCINGLY, adv. pers'ingly. With penetrating force or effect; sharply.

Piercingness

PIERCINGNESS, noun pers'ingness. The power of piercing or penetrating; sharpness; keenness.

Derham.

Pietism

PI'ETISM, noun [See Piety.] Extremely strict devotion, or affectation of piety.

Frey.

Pietist

PI'ETIST, noun One of a sect professing great strictness and purity of life, despising learning, school theology and ecclesiastical polity, as also forms and ceremonies in religion, and giving themselves up to mystic theology. This sect sprung up among the protestants of Germany, in the latter part of the seventeenth century.

Encyc. Burnet.

Piety

PI'ETY, noun [Latin pietas, from pius, or its root, probably a contracted word; French pietÃƒ-©; Italian pietÃƒ- , piety, and pity; Spanish piedad, piety, pity, charity.]

1. Piety in principle, is a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being and love of his character, or veneration accompanied with love; and piety in practice, is the exercise of these affections in obedience to his will and devotion to his service.

Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.

Rambler.

2. Reverence of parents or friends, accompanied with affection and devotion to their honor and happiness.

Piezometer

PIEZOM'ETER, noun [Greek, to press, and, measure.]

An instrument for ascertaining the compressibility of water, and the degree of such compressibility under any given weight.

Perkins.

Pig

PIG, noun [Dutch big. In Saxon piga, Danish pige, is a little girl; Swedish piga, a maid-servant. The word signifies a little one, or issue.]

1. The young of swine, male or female.

2. An oblong mass of unforged iron, lead or other metal. A pig of lead is the eighth of a fother, or 250 pounds.

Encyc.

Pig

PIG, verb transitive or i. To bring forth pigs.

Pigeon

PIG'EON, noun [French id.; Italian piccione. This word seems to belong to the family of pick, peck, pie, pica.]

A fowl of the genus Columba, of several species, as the stock dove, the ring dove, the turtle dove, and the migratory or wild pigeon of America. The domestic pigeon breeds in a box, often attached to a building, called a dovecot or pigeon-house. The wild pigeon builds a nest on a tree in the forest.

Pigeon-Foot

PIG'EON-FOOT, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Pigeon-Hearted

PIG'EON-HE'ARTED, adjective Timid; easily frightened.

Beaum.

Pigeon-Hole

PIG'EON-HOLE, noun A little apartment or division in a case for papers.

Pigeon-Holes

PIG'EON-HOLES, noun An old English game in which balls were rolled through little cavities or arches.

Steevens.

Pigeon-Livered

PIG'EON-LIVERED, adjective Mild in temper; soft; gentle.

Shak.

Pigeon-Pea

PIG'EON-PEA, noun A plant of the genus Cytisus.

Piggin

PIG'GIN, noun [Scot. a milking pail.] A small wooden vessel with an erect handle, used as a dipper.

Pigheaded

PIG'HEADED, adjective Having a large head; stupid.

B. Johnson.

Pight

PIGHT, pp. pite. [Scot. pight or picht; from pitch, Welsh piciaw.] Pitched; fixed; determined. Obs.

Shak.

Pight

PIGHT, verb transitive [Welsh pigaw.] To pierce. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Pightel

PIGHTEL, noun A little inclosure. [Local.]

Pigmean

PIGME'AN, adjective [from pigmy.] Very small; like a pigmy; as an image of pigmean size.

Parkhurst.

Pigment

PIG'MENT, noun [Latin pigmentum, from the root of pingo, to paint.]

Paint; a preparation used by painters, dyers, &c. to impart colors to bodies.

Encyc.

Pigmy

PIG'MY, noun [Italian Spanish Portugese pigmeo; Latin pygmoeus; Greek, from, the fist.]

A dwarf; a person of very small stature; a name applied to a fabled nation said to have been devoured by cranes.

Pigmy

PIG'MY, adjective Very small in size; mean; feeble; inconsiderable.

Pignoration

PIGNORA'TION, noun [Latin pignero, to pledge.] The act of pledging or pawning.

Pignorative

PIG'NORATIVE, adjective Pledging; pawning. [Little used.]

Dict.

Pignut

PIG'NUT, noun [pig and nut.] The ground nut, a plant of the genus Bunium; also, a tree and its fruit of the genus Juglans.

Pigsney

PIG'SNEY, noun [Saxon piga, a little girl.] A word of endearment to a girl. [Little used.]

Hudibras.

Pigtail

PIG'TAIL, noun [pig and tail.] A cue; the hair of the head tied in the form of a pig's tail.

2. A small roll of tobacco.

Pigwidgeon

PIGWID'GEON, noun [pig and widgeon.] A fairy; a cant word for any thing very small.

Cleaveland.

Pike

PIKE, noun [This word belongs to a numerous family of words expressing something pointed, or a sharp point, or as verbs, to dart, to thrust, to prick; Saxon piic, a small needle; Welsh pig, a point, a pike; pigaw, to prick; piciaw, to dart; Italian pica, a pike; piccare, to prick or sting; Spanish pica, picar; French pique, piquer; Armoric picq, picqat; Dutch piek; German pieke; Swedish Danish pik; peak, beak, &c. Class Bg.]

1. A military weapon consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a flat steel head pointed; called the spear. This weapon was formerly used by infantry, but its use is now limited to officers, and it is called a sponton or spontoon. Its use among soldiers is superseded by the bayonet.

2. A fork used in husbandry; but we now use fork or pitchfork.

Tusser.

3. Among turners, the iron sprigs used to fasten any thing to be turned.

Moxon.

4. In ichthyology, a fish of the genus Esox, so named from its long shape or from the form of its snout. It is a fresh water fish, living in deep water and very voracious, but very palatable food.

The pike, the tyrant of the flood.

Pope.

Piked

PIK'ED, adjective Ending in a point; acuminated.

Camden.

Pikeman

PI'KEMAN, noun A soldier armed with a pike.

Knolles.

Pikestaff

PI'KESTAFF, noun The staff or shaft of a pike.

Tatler.

Pikrolite

PIK'ROLITE, noun [qu. Greek, bitter, and, a stone.]

A mineral found at Taberg, in Sweden, supposed to be a variety of serpentine.

Cleaveland.

Pilaster

PILAS'TER, noun [Italian pilastro; French pilastre; Spanish pilastra, from pila, a pile, whence pillar.]

A square column, sometimes insulated; but usually pilasters are set within a wall, projecting only one quarter of their diameter. Their bases, capitals and entablatures have the same parts as those of columns.

Encyc.

Pilch

PILCH, noun [Italian pelliccia; French pelisse; Saxon pylca, pylece; Latin pellis, a skin.]

A furred gown or case; something lined with fur. [Not used.]

Chaucer. Shak.

Pilchard

PIL'CHARD, noun [Irish pilseir.] A fish resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder; the nose is shorter and turns up; the under jaw is shorter; the back more elevated, and the belly less sharp. These fishes appear on the Cornish coast in England, about the middle of July, in immense numbers, and furnish a considerable article of commerce.

Encyc.

Pile

PILE, noun [Spanish Italian pila; Portugese pilha; French pile; from Latin pila; Greek. The bolei mentioned by Pausanias, were heaps of stones.]

1. A heap; a mass or collection of things in a roundish or elevated form; as a pile of stones; a pile of bricks; a pile of wood or timber; a pile of ruins.

2. A collection of combustibles for burning a dead body; as a funeral pile.

3. A large building or mass of buildings; an edifice.

The pile o'erlook'd the town and drew the sight.

Dryden.

4. A heap of balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into a pyramidical form.

Pile

PILE, noun [Dutch paal; German pfahl; Swedish Danish pol, a pole; Latin palus; Dutch pyl, an arrow or dart; Swedish Danish pil, id.; Welsh pill, a stem. These have the same elements and the like radical meaning, that of a shoot or extended thing.]

1. A large stake or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building or other superstructure. The stadt-house in Amsterdam is supported by piles.

2. One side of a coin; originally, a punch or puncheon used in stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures to be impressed. Hence the arms-side of a coin is called the pile, and the head the cross, which was formerly in the place of the head. Hence cross and pile.

Encyc.

3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form of a point inverted or a stake sharpened.

Pile

PILE, noun [Dutch pyl; Danish Swedish pil; Latin pilum.] The head of an arrow.

Pile

PILE, noun [Latin pilus; German boll; Hindoo, bal; Gipsey, ballow.]

Properly, a hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton and the like; hence, the nap, the fine hairy substance of the surface of cloth.

Pile

PILE, verb transitive To lay or throw into a heap; to collect many things into a mass; as, to pile wood or stones.

2. To bring into an aggregate; to accumulate; as, to pile quotations or comments.

Atterbury. Felton.

3. To fill with something heaped.

Abbot.

4. To fill above the brim or top.

5. To break off the awns of threshed barley. [Local.]

Pileate

PIL'EATE, or PIL'EATED, adjective [Latin pileus, a cap.] Having the form of a cap or cover for the head.

Woodward.

Pilement

PI'LEMENT, noun An accumulation. [Not used.]

Hall.

Piler

PI'LER, noun [from pile, a heap.] One who piles or forms a heap.

Piles

PILES, n. plu. The hemorrhoids, a disease.

Pileworm

PI'LEWORM, noun A worm found in piles in Holland.

Pilewort

PI'LEWORT, noun A plant of the genus Ranunculus.

Pilfer

PIL'FER, verb intransitive [Welsh yspeiliata, to pilfer; yspeiliaw, to spoil, to ravage; Spanish pellizcar, to pinch, to pilfer, to take little food. It seems to be allied to peel, pillage.]

To steal in small quantities; to practice petty theft; as a boy accustomed to pilfer.

A pilfering hand.

Dryden.

Pilfer

PIL'FER, verb transitive To steal or gain by petty theft; to filch.

He would not pilfer the victory, and the defeat was easy.

Bacon.

Pilfered

PIL'FERED, participle passive Stolen in small parcels.

Pilferer

PIL'FERER, noun One that pilfers or practices petty theft.

Young.

Pilfering

PIL'FERING, participle passive Stealing; practicing petty thefts.

Pilfering

PIL'FERING, noun Petty theft.

Pilfering was so universal in all the South sea islands, that it was hardly recognized in the moral code of the natives as an offense, much less a crime.

J. Sparks.

Pilferingly

PIL'FERINGLY, adverb With petty theft; filchingly.

Pil-Garlick

PIL-G`ARLICK, or PILL'ED-G`ARLICK, noun [pilled, peeled, and garlick.] One who has lost his hair by disease; a poor forsaken wretch.

Stevens.

Pilgrim

PIL'GRIM, noun [German pilger; French pelerin; Italian pellegrino; Spanish Portugese peregrino; Latin peregrinus. Qu. Latin peragro, to wander. In Welsh pererin is a pilgrim, and pellynig is wandering, far-roaming, from pellau, to remove far, coinciding with the Latin palor. The Cornish pirgrin and Armoric pirchirin, seem to be the Latin peregrinus. The Dutch palsrok, a pilgrim's coat, and palsterstok, a pilgrim's staff, indicate that the first syllable is from the root of Latin palor, to wander. The uncertainty of the true original orthography renders the derivation uncertain.]

1. A wanderer; a traveler; particularly, one that travels to a distance from his own country to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the remains of dead saints. [See Pilgrimage.]

2. In Scripture, one that has only a temporary residence on earth. Hebrews 11.

Pilgrim

PIL'GRIM, verb intransitive To wander or ramble. [Not used.]

Grew.

Pilgrimage

PIL'GRIMAGE, noun A long journey, particularly a journey to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to pay devotion to the relies of some deceased saint. Thus in the middle ages, kings, princes, bishops and others made pilgrimages to Jerusalem, in pious devotion to the Savior. Pilgrims now resort to Loretto, in Italy, to visit the chamber of the blessed virgin, and the Mohammedans make pilgrimages to Mecca, where their prophet was buried.

2. In Scripture, the journey of human life. Genesis 47.

3. Time irksomely spent.

Shak.

Pilgrimize

PIL'GRIMIZE, verb intransitive To wander about as a pilgrim. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Pill

PILL, noun [Latin pila, a ball; pilula, a little ball; Welsh pel, a ball; Irish pillim, to roll. It is probable that this word and ball are of the same family.]

1. In pharmacy, a medicine in the form of a little ball or small round mass, to be swallowed whole.

Bacon.

2. Any thing nauseous.

Young.

Pill

PILL, verb transitive [French piller; Italian pigliare; Spanish pillar.]

To rob; to plunder; to pillage, that is, to peel, to strip. [See Peel, the same word in the proper English orthography.]

Pill

PILL, verb intransitive To be peeled; to come off in flakes.

Shak. Dryden.

2. To rob. [See Peel.]

Pillage

PILL'AGE, noun [French from piller, to strip or peel.]

1. Plunder; spoil; that which is taken from another by open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war.

2. The act of plundering.

3. In architecture, a square pillar behind a column to bear up the arches.

Cyc.

Pillage

PILL'AGE, verb transitive To strip of money or goods by open violence; as, troops pillage the camp or towns of an enemy; to plunder; to spoil. It differs from stealing, as it implies open violence, and from robbery, which may be committed by one individual on another; whereas pillaging is usually the act of bands or numbers. To pillage and to rob are however sometimes used synonymously.

Pillaged

PILL'AGED, participle passive Plundered by open force.

Pillager

PILL'AGER, noun One that plunders by open violence; a plunderer.

Pillaging

PILL'AGING, participle of the present tense Plundering; stripping.

Pillar

PIL'LAR, noun [French pilier; Spanish Portugese pilar; Italian pila or piliere; Latin pila, a pile, a pillar, a mortar and pestle. The Latin pila denotes a heap, or things thrown, put or driven together; Welsh piler; Irish pileir; Swedish pelare; Danish pille; Dutch pylaar; German pfeiler.]

Literally, a pile or heap; hence,

1. A kind of irregular column round an insulate, but deviating from the proportions of a just column. Pillars are either too massive or too slender for regular architecture; they are not restricted to any rules, and their parts and proportions are arbitrary. A square pillar is a massive work, called also a pier or piedroit, serving to support arches, &c.

Cyc.

2. A supporter; that which sustains or upholds; that on which some superstructure rests. Galatians 2.

Shak.

3. A monument raised to commemorate any person or remarkable transaction.

And Jacob set a pillar on her grave. Genesis 35:2 Samuel 18.

4. Something resembling a pillar; as a pillar of salt. Genesis 19.

So a pillar of a cloud, a pillar of fire. Exodus 13.

5. Foundation; support. Job 9.

6. In ships, a square or round timber fixed perpendicularly under the middle of the beams for supporting the decks.

Cyc.

7. In the manege, the center of the volta, ring or manege ground, around which a horse turns. There are also pillars on the circumference or side, placed at certain distances by two and two.

Pillared

PIL'LARED, adjective Supported by pillars.

Milton.

2. Having the form of a pillar.

Thomson.

Piller

PILL'ER, noun One that pills or plunders. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Pillery

PILL'ERY, noun Plunder; pillage; rapine. [Not in use.]

Huloet.

Pillion

PILLION, n. pil'yun. [Irish pillin; from pile, Latin pilus, hair, or from stuffing. See Pillow.]

1. A cushion for a woman to ride on behind a person on horseback.

Swift.

2. A pad; a pannel; a low saddle.

Spenser.

3. The pad of a saddle that rests on the horse's back.

Pilloried

PIL'LORIED, adjective Put in a pillory.

Pillory

PIL'LORY, noun [Irish pilori, pioloir; French pilori; Armoric bouilhour; from the root of Latin palus, a stake, a pile, German pfahl. An den pfahl stellen, to put in the pillory.]

A frame of wood erected on posts, with movable boards and holes, through which are put the head and hands of a criminal for punishment.

Pillory

PIL'LORY, verb transitive To punish with the pillory.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Pillow

PIL'LOW, noun [Saxon pile or pyle; Irish pilliur; Latin pulvinar; from Latin pilus, hair, or from stuffing.]

1. A long cushion to support the head of a person when reposing on a bed; a sack or case filled with fethers, down or other soft material.

2. In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bowsprit is supported.

Mar. Dict.

The pillow of a plow, is a cross piece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam.

Cyc.

Pillow

PIL'LOW, verb transitive To rest or lay on for support.

Milton.

Pillow-Bier

PIL'LOW-BIER, or PIL'LOW-CASE, noun The case or sack of a pillow which contains the fethers. Pillow-bier is the pillow-bearer.

Pillowed

PIL'LOWED, participle passive or adjective Supported by a pillow.

Pillowing

PIL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Resting or laying on a pillow.

Pilose

PILO'SE, or PI'LOUS, adjective [Latin pilosus, from pilus, hair.] Hairy. A pilose leaf, in botany, is one covered with long distinct hairs. A pilose receptacle has hairs between the florets.

Martyn.

Pilosity

PILOS'ITY, noun [supra.] Hairiness.

Bacon.

Pilot

PI'LOT, noun [French pilote; Italian Spanish Portugese piloto. The French word piloter signifies to drive in piles, as well as to pilot, and pilotage is a piling, pile-work, a foundation of piles; Armoric pilocha, to drive piles. The Dutch loots, German lothse, and Danish lods, are from lead; the pilot then is the lead-man, he that throws the lead.]

1. One who steers a ship in a dangerous navigation, or rather one whose office or occupation is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out of a harbor, bay or river, where navigation is dangerous.

2. A guide; a director of the course of another person. [In colloquial use.]

Pilot

PI'LOT, verb transitive To direct the course of a ship in any place where navigation is dangerous.

Pilotage

PI'LOTAGE, noun The compensation made or allowed to one who directs the course of a ship.

2. The pilot's skill or knowledge of coasts, rocks, bars and channels. [Not now used.]

Raleigh.

Pilot-Fish

PI'LOT-FISH, noun A fish, a species of Gasterosteus, called also rudder-fish, of an oblong shape; so named because it often accompanies ships.

Encyc.

Piloting

PI'LOTING, participle of the present tense Steering; as a ship in dangerous navigation.

Piloting

PI'LOTING, noun The act of steering a ship.

Pilotism

PI'LOTISM, or PI'LOTRY, noun Pilotage; skill in piloting. [Not used.]

Pilous

PI'LOUS, adjective [Latin pilosus. See Pilose.] Hairy; abounding with hair.

Robinson.

2. Consisting of hair.

Pilser

PIL'SER, noun The moth or fly that runs into a flame.

Ainsworth.

Pimelite

PIM'ELITE, noun [Greek, fat, and, stone.]

A terrene substance of an apple green color, fat and unctuous to the touch, tender and not fusible by the blowpipe. It is supposed to be colored by nickel. It is a variety of steatite.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure.

Piment

PI'MENT, noun Wine with a mixture of spice or honey.

Chaucer.

Pimento

PIMEN'TO, noun [Spanish pimienta.] Jamaica pepper, popularly called allspice. The tree producing this spice is of the genus Myrtus, and grows spontaneously in Jamaica in great abundance.

Encyc.

Pimp

PIMP, noun A man who provides gratifications for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander.

Addison.

Pimp

PIMP, verb intransitive To pander; to procure lewd women for the gratification of others.

Pimpernel

PIM'PERNEL, or PIM'PINEL, noun [Latin pimpinella; French pimprenelle.]

The name of several plants of different genera. The scarlet pimpernel is of the genus Anagallis, the water pimpernel of the genus Veronica, and the yellow pimpernel of the genus Lysimachia.

Lee.

Pimpillo

PIM'PILLO, noun A plant of the genus Cactus.

Pimpinella

PIMPINEL'LA, noun A genus of plants, including the burnet saxifrage and the anise.

Encyc.

Pimping

PIMP'ING, participle of the present tense Pandering; procuring lewd women for others.

Pimping

PIMP'ING, adjective Little; petty.

Skinner.

Pimple

PIM'PLE, noun [Saxon pinpel; probably from pin, or its root.]

A small pustule on the face or other part of the body, usually a red pustule.

Pimpled

PIM'PLED, adjective Having red pustules on the skin; full of pimples.

Pimplike

PIMP'LIKE, adjective Like a pimp; vile; infamous; mean.

Pin

PIN, noun [Welsh pin, a pin or pen; piner, piniaw, to pin; Irish pion; Swedish pinne, whence pinnsuin, pin-swine, the porcupine; Danish pind, a sprig; pindsviin, the porcupine; Portugese pino, a peg; Dutch pen, penne, a pin or peg; German pinne, a pin; pinsel, a pencil; French epine, a spine, and qu. epingle, a pin; Latin penna, pinna; Welsh pen, a summit; Saxon pinn, a pen, and pinn-treow, the pine-tree. See Pine, Fin, and Porcupine. This word denotes a sharp point or end, or that which fastens; Saxon pinan, pyndan. If the sense is a point, it is a shoot. From this is formed spine, Welsh yspin.]

1. A small pointed instrument made of brass wire and headed; used chiefly by females for fastening their clothes.

2. A piece of wood or metal sharpened or pointed, used to fasten together boards, plank or other timber. The larger pins of metal are usually called bolts, and the wooden pins used in ship building are called treenails [trunnels.] A small wooden pin is called a peg.

3. A thing of little value. It is not a pin's matter. I care not a pin.

4. A linchpin.

5. The central part.

Shak.

6. A peg used in musical instruments in straining and relaxing the strings.

7. A note or strain. [Vulgar and not used.]

L'Estrange.

8. A horny induration of the membranes of the eye.

Hanmer.

9. A cylindrical roller made of wood.

Corbet.

10. A noxious humor in a hawk's foot.

Ainsworth.

11. The pin of a block is the axis of the sheave.

Pin

PIN, verb transitive [Welsh piniaw.] To fasten with a pin or with pins of any kind; as, to pin the clothes; to pin boards or timbers.

2. To fasten; to make fast; or to join and fasten together.

Our gatesÃ‚--we have but pinned with rushes.

Shak.

She lifted the princess from the earth, and so locks her in embracing, as if she would pin her to her heart.

Shak.

3. To inclose; to confine. [See the verbs Pen and Pound.]

Hooker.

Pinaster

PINAS'TER, noun [Latin See Pine.] The wild pine.

Pincase

PIN'CASE, noun A case for holding pins.

Pincers

PINCERS, an erroneous orthography of pinchers, which see.

Pinch

PINCH, verb transitive [French pincer, formerly pinser; Armoric pinÃƒ-§za; Spanish pizcar; Italian pizzare, pizzicare. These are evidently from the root of Italian piccare, to prick, smart, itch, to peck, to provoke, Spanish Portugese picar, to sting or prick, to peck, to dig, to bite or pinch, as cold. The root then is that of peck, pick, pike; and pinch is primarily to press between two sharp points, or to prick. Hence its peculiar application to pressure between the fingers.]

1. To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or with an instrument, &c.

2. To squeeze or compress between any two hard bodies.

3. To squeeze the flesh till it is pained or livid.

4. To gripe; to straiten; to oppress with want; as, to pinch a nation; to pinch the belly; to be pinched for want of food.

5. To pain by constriction; to distress; as pinching cold. The winter pinches.

6. To press; to straiten by difficulties; as, the argument pinches the objector.

The respondent is pinched with a strong objection.

Watts.

7. To press hard; to try thoroughly.

Collier.

Pinch

PINCH, verb intransitive To act with pressing force; to bear hard; to be puzzling. You see where the reasons pinch.

Dryden.

2. To spare; to be straitened; to be covetous.

The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare,

Starve, steal and pilfer to enrich an heir.

Franklin.

Pinch

PINCH, noun A close compression with the ends of the fingers.

Dryden.

2. A gripe; a pang.

Shak.

3. Distress inflicted or suffered; pressure; oppression; as necessity's sharp pinch.

Shak.

4. Straits; difficulty; time of distress from want.

Bacon.

Pinchbeck

PINCH'BECK, noun [said to be from the name of the inventor.]

An alloy of copper; a mixture of copper and zink, consisting of three or four parts of copper with one of zink.

Encyc.

Pincher

PINCH'ER, noun He or that which pinches.

Pinchers

PINCH'ERS, n. plu. [from pinch, not from the French pincette.]

An instrument for drawing nails from boards and the like, or for griping things to be held fast.

Pinchfist

PINCH'FIST, or PINCH'PENNY, noun A miser; a niggard.

Pincushion

PIN'CUSHION, noun A small case stuffed with some soft material, in which females stick pins for safety and preservation.

Pindaric

PINDAR'IC, adjective After the style and manner of Pindar.

Pindaric

PINDAR'IC, noun An ode in imitation of the odes of Pindar the Grecian, and prince of the lyric poets; an irregular ode.

Addison.

Pindust

PIN'DUST, noun Small particles of metal made by pointing pins.

Digby.

Pine

PINE, noun [French pin; Spanish Italian pino; Latin pinus; Saxon pinn-treow, pin-tree; Dutch pyn-boom; Welsh pin-bren, pin-tree, and pin-gwyz, pin-wood. These words indicate that this name is from the leaves of the pine, which resemble pins. But the Welsh has also feinid-wyz, from feinid, a rising to a point, from fain, a cone, and gwyz, wood. The latter name is from the cones.]

A tree of the genus Pinus, of many species, some of which furnish timber of the most valuable kind. The species which usually bear this name in the United States, are the white pine, Pinus strobus, the prince of our forests; the yellow pine, Pinus resinosa; and the pitch pine, Pinus rigida. The other species of this genus are called by other names, as fir, hemlock, larch, spruce, &c.

Pine

PINE, verb intransitive [Saxon pinan, to pain or torture, and to pine or languish. This verb in the sense of pain, is found in the other Teutonic dialects, but not in the sense of languishing. The latter sense is found in the Greek,. See Arabic fanna, Class Bn. No. 22. and No. 25. and, No. 29.]

1. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away under any distress or anxiety of mind; to grow lean; followed sometimes by away.

Ye shall not mourn nor weep, but ye shall pine away for your iniquities. Ezekiel 24.

2. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; usually followed by for.

Unknowing that she pin'd for your return.

Dryden.

Pine

PINE, verb transitive To wear out; to make to languish.

Where shivering cold and sickness pines the clime.

Shak.

Beroe pined with pain.

Dryden.

2. To grieve for; to bemoan in silence.

Abashed the devil stoodÃ‚--

Virtue in her own shape how lovely, saw,

And pined his loss.

Milton.

[In the transitive sense, this verb is now seldom used, and this use is improper, except by ellipsis.]

Pine

PINE, noun [Saxon pin, Dutch pyn, pain; Greek,.] Woe; want; penury; misery.

Spenser.

[This is obsolete. See Pain.]

Pineal

PIN'EAL, adjective [French pineale, from Latin pinus.]

The pineal gland is a part of the brain, about the bigness of a pea, situated in the third ventricle; so called from its shape. It was considered by Descartes as the seat of the soul.

Pine-Apple

PINE-APPLE, noun The ananas, a species of Bromelia, so called from its resemblance to the cone of the pine tree.

Miller. Locke.

Pineful

PI'NEFUL, adjective Full of woe. [Not used.]

Hall.

Pinery

PI'NERY, noun A place where pine-apples are raised.

Todd.

Pin-Fether

PIN'-FETHER, noun A small or short fether.

Pin-Fethered

PIN'-FETHERED, adjective Having the fethers only beginning to shoot; not fully fledged.

Dryden.

Pinfold

PIN'FOLD, noun [pin or pen and fold; Danish pindan, to pound.]

A place in which beasts are confined. We now call it a pound.

Pingle

PIN'GLE, noun A small close. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Pinguid

PIN'GUID, adjective [Latin pinguis; Greek, compact, Latin pactus, pack.]

Fat; unctuous. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

Pinhole

PIN'HOLE, noun A small hole made by the puncture or perforation of a pin; a very small aperture.

Wiseman.

Pining

PI'NING, participle of the present tense Languishing; wasting away.

Pinion

PINION, noun pin'yon. [French pignon, the cope of the ridge of a house; Norm. id. a pen; Spanish piÃƒ-±on, pinion; from Celtic pen, top, summit.]

1. The joint of a fowl's wing, remotest from the body.

2. A fether; a quill.

Shak.

3. A wing.

Hope humbly then, on trembling pinions soar.

Pope.

4. The tooth of a smaller wheel, answering to that of a larger.

5. Fetters or bands for the arms.

Ainsworth.

Pinion

PINION, v. t. pin'yon To bind or confine the wings.

Bacon.

2. To confine by binding the wings.

3. To cut off the first joint of the wing.

4. To bind or confine the arm or arms to the body.

Dryden.

5. To confine; to shackle; to chain; as, to be pinioned by formal rules of state.

Norris.

6. To bind; to fasten to.

Pope.

Pinioned

PIN'IONED, participle passive Confined by the wings; shackled.

2. adjective Furnished with wings.

Dryden.

Pinionist

PIN'IONIST, noun A winged animal; a fowl. [Not used.]

Brown.

Pinirolo

PINIRO'LO, noun A bird resembling the sandpiper, but larger; found in Italy.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pinite

PIN'ITE, noun [from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] A mineral holding a middle place between steatite and mica; the micarel of Kirwan. It is found in prismatic crystals of a greenish white color, brown or deep red. It occurs also massive.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pink

PINK, noun [In Welsh, pinc signifies smart, fine, gay, and a finch, and pinciaw, to sprig. This is by Owen formed from pin, a pen or pin. But in Portuguese, picar, to sting, to prick, to peck, to nip, to pinch, to dig, to spur, and picado, pricked, pinked, as cloth, are from the root of peck, pick, pico, beak, pike, Spanish picar, Italian piccare. The latter would, with n casual, give pink, a little eye or perforation, and the sense of pink, in pink-sterned. The Welsh gives pink, a flower.]

1. An eye, or a small eye; but now disused except in composition, as in pink-eyed, pink-eye.

Shak.

2. A plant and flower of the genus Dianthus, common in our gardens.

3. A color used by painters; from the color of the flower.

Dryden.

4. Any thing supremely excellent.

5. A ship with a very narrow stern. [French pinque, Dutch pink, that is, piked, n being casual; hence pink-sterned.]

6. A fish, the minnow.

Ainsworth.

Pink

PINK, verb transitive To work in eyelet-holes; to pierce with small holes.

Carew. Prior.

2. To stab; to pierce.

Addison.

Pink

PINK, verb intransitive [Dutch pinken.] To wink. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

Pink-Eyed

PINK'-EYED, adjective Having small eyes.

Holland.

Pink-Needle

PINK'-NEEDLE, noun A shepherd's bodkin.

Sherwood.

Pink-Sterned

PINK'-STERNED, adjective Having a very narrow stern; as a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Pin-Maker

PIN'-MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make pins.

Pin-Money

PIN'-MONEY, noun A sum of money allowed or settled on a wife for her private expenses.

Addison.

Pinnace

PIN'NACE, noun [Spanish pinaza; French pinasse; Portugese pinaÃƒ-§a.]

A small vessel navigated with oars and sails, and having generally two masts rigged like those of a schooner; also, a boat usually rowed with eight oars.

Mar. Dict.

Pinnacle

PIN'NACLE, noun [French pinacle; Italian pinacolo; Welsh pinygyl, from Celtic pen, summit, Latin pinna.]

1. A turret, or part of a building elevated above the main building.

Some metropolis

With glistering spires and pinnacles adorn'd.

Milton.

2. A high spiring point; summit.

Cowley.

Pinnacle

PIN'NACLE, verb transitive To build or furnish with pinnacles.

Warton.

Pinnacled

PIN'NACLED, participle passive Furnished with pinnacles.

Pinnage

PIN'NAGE, noun Poundage of cattle. [Not used.] [See Pound.]

Pinnate

PIN'NATE, or PIN'NATED, adjective [Latin pinnatus, from pinna, a fether or fin.]

In botany, a pinnate leaf is a species of compound leaf wherein a simple petiole has several leaflets attached to each side of it.

Martyn.

Pinnatifid

PIN'NATIFID, adjective [Latin pinna, a fether, and findo, to cleave.]

In botany, fether-cleft. A pinnatifid leaf is a species of simple leaf, divided transversely by oblong horizontal segments or jags, not extending to the mid rib.

Martyn.

Pinnatiped

PIN'NATIPED, adjective [Latin pinna and pes, foot.]

Fin-footed; having the toes bordered by membranes.

Latham.

Pinned

PIN'NED, participle passive Fastened with pins; confined.

Pinner

PIN'NER, noun One that pins or fastens; also, a pounder of cattle, or the pound-keeper.

2. A pin-maker.

3. The lappet of a head which flies loose.

Gay.

Pinnite

PIN'NITE, noun Fossil remains of the Pinna, a genus of shells.

Jameson.

Pinnock

PIN'NOCK, noun A small bird, the tomtit.

Ainsworth.

Pinnulate

PIN'NULATE, adjective A pinnulate leaf is one in which each pinna is subdivided.

Martyn.

Pint

PINT, noun [Dutch pint; French pinte; Spanish pinta.] Half a quart, or four gills. In medicine, twelve ounces. It is applied both to liquid and dry measure.

Pintle

PIN'TLE, noun A little pin. In artillery, a long iron bolt.

Pinules

PIN'ULES, n. plu. In astronomy, the sights of an astrolabe.

Dict.

Pioneer

PIONEE'R, noun [French pionnier, contracted from piochnier, from pioche, a pickax; piocher, to dig, that is, to peck, Welsh pigaw, Spanish Portugese picar. The Italians use guastatore, Spanish gastador, from guastare, gastar, to waste, to wear away. The Germans use schanzgrÃƒ-¤ber, Dutch schansgraaver, a trench-digger.]

1. In the art and practice of war, one whose business is to march with or before an army, to repair the road or clear it of obstructions, work at intrenchments, or form mines for destroying an enemy's works.

Bacon.

2. One that goes before to remove obstructions or prepare the way for another.

Pioning

PI'ONING, noun The work of pioneers. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Piony

PI'ONY, or PE'ONY, noun [Saxon pionie, from Latin poeonia; Greek, from, Apollo, a physician, and a hymn.]

An herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Paeonia, with tuberous roots, and bearing large beautiful red flowers.

Encyc.

Pious

PI'OUS, adjective [Latin pius; French pieux; Spanish Italian Portugese pio. In Spanish and Italian the word signifies not only pious, but mild and compassionate, and pity and piety are expressed by one and the same word. See Pity.]

1. Godly; reverencing and honoring the Supreme Being in heart and in the practice of the duties he has enjoined; having due veneration and affection for the character of God, and habitually obeying his commands; religious; devoted to the service of God; applied to persons.

2. Dictated by reverence to God; proceeding from piety; applied to things; as pious awe; pious services or affections; pious sorrow.

3. Having due respect and affection for parents or other relatives; practicing the duties of respect and affection towards parents or other near relatives.

Taylor. Pope.

4. Practiced under the pretense of religion; as pious frauds.

Piously

PI'OUSLY, adverb In a pious manner; with reverence and affection for God; religiously; with due regard to sacred things or to the duties God has enjoined.

Hammond.

2. With due regard to natural or civil relations and to the duties which spring from them.

Addison.

Pip

PIP, noun [Dutch pip; French pepie.] A disease of fowls; a horny pellicle that grows on the tip of their tongue.

Johnson. Hudibras.

2. A spot on cards.

Addison.

Pip

PIP, verb intransitive [Latin pipio; Welsh pipian; Danish piper.] To cry or chirp, as a chicken; commonly pronounced peep.

Boyle.

Pipe

PIPE, noun [Saxon pipe; Welsh pib; Irish pib, piob; Swedish pip, pipa; Dutch pyp; German pfeife, whence fife; Danish pibe; Portugese Italian Spanish pipa; French pipe; Armoric pip or pimp.]

1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a long tube of wood or metal; as a rural pipe. The word, I believe, is not now the proper technical name of any particular instrument, but is applicable to any tubular wind instrument, and it occurs in bagpipe.

2. A long tube or hollow body; applied to the veins and arteries of the body, and to many hollow bodies, particularly such as are used for conductors of water or other fluids.

3. A tube of clay with a bowl at one end; used in smoking tobacco.

4. The organs of voice and respiration; as in windpipe.

Peacham.

5. The key or sound of the voice.

Shak.

6. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or the exchequer itself. Hence, pipe-office is an office in which the clerk of the pipe makes out leases of crown lands, accounts of sheriffs, &c.

7. A cask containing two hogsheads or 120 gallons, used for wine; or the quantity which it contains.

8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs forward endwise in a hole, and does not sink downwards or in a vein.

Encyc.

Pipe

PIPE, verb intransitive To play on a pipe, fife, flute or other tubular wind instrument of music.

Dryden. Swift.

We have piped to you, and ye have not danced. Matthew 11.

2. To have a shrill sound; to whistle.

Shak.

Pipe

PIPE, verb transitive To play on a wind instrument. 1 Corinthians 14.

Piped

PI'PED, adjective Formed with a tube; tubular.

Encyc.

Pipe-Fish

PI'PE-FISH, noun A fish of the genus Syngnathus.

Encyc.

Piper

PI'PER, noun One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument.

Piperidge

PIP'ERIDGE, noun A shrub, the berberis, or barberry.

Fam. of Plants.

The piperidge of New England is the nyssa villosa, a large tree with very tough wood.

Piperin

PIP'ERIN, noun A concretion of volcanic ashes.

De Costa. Kirwan.

2. A peculiar crystaline substance extracted from black pepper. The crystals of piperin are transparent, of a straw color, and they assume the tetrahedral prismatic form with oblique summits.

Carpenter.

Pipe-Tree

PIPE-TREE, noun The lilac.

Piping

PI'PING, participle of the present tense Playing on a pipe.

2. adjective Weak; feeble; sickly. [Vulgar and not in use in America.]

3. Very hot; boiling; from the sound of boiling fluids. [Used in vulgar language.]

Pipistrel

PIPIS'TREL, noun A species of bat, the smallest of the kind.

Pipkin

PIP'KIN, noun [dim. of pipe.] A small earthen boiler.

Pope.

Pippin

PIP'PIN, noun [Dutch pippeling.] A kind of apple; a tart apple. This name in America is given to several kinds of apples, as to the Newtown pippin, an excellent winter apple, and the summer pippin, a large apple, but more perishable than the Newtown pippin.

Piquancy

PIQUANCY, noun pik'ancy. [infra.] Sharpness; pungency; tartness; severity.

Barrow.

Piquant

PIQUANT, a. pik'ant. [French from piquer, to prick or sting, Italian piccare, Spanish Portugese picar, from the root of pike, peak.]

1. Pricking; stimulating to the tongue; as rock as piquant to the tongue as salt.

Addison.

2. Sharp; tart; pungent; severe; as piquant railleries.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Piquantly

PIQUANTLY, adv. pik'antly. With sharpness or pungency; tartly.

Locke.

Pique

PIQUE, n. peek. [French See Piquant.] An offense taken; usually, slight anger, irritation or displeasure at persons, rather temporary than permanent, and distinguished either in degree or temporariness from settled enmity or malevolence.

Out of personal pique to those in service, he stands as a looker on, when the government is attacked.

Addison.

2. A strong passion.

Hudibras.

3. Point; nicety; punctilio.

Add long prescription of established laws,

And pique of honor to maintain a cause.

Dryden.

Pique

PIQUE, v. t. peek. [French piquer. See Piquant.]

1. To offend; to nettle; to irritate; to sting; to fret; to excite a degree of anger. It expresses less than exasperate.

The lady was piqued by her indifference.

Female Quixote.

2. To stimulate; to excite to action; to touch with envy, jealousy or other passion.

Piqu'd by Protogenes' fame,

From Co to Rhodes Apelles cameÃ‚--

Prior.

3. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride or value one's self.

Men pique themselves on their skill in the the learned languages.

Locke.

Piqued

PIQUED, participle passive pee'ked. Irritated; nettled; offended; excited.

Piqueer

PIQUEER. [See Pickeer.]

Piqueerer

PIQUEE'RER, noun A plunderer; a free-booter. [See Pickeerer.]

Swift.

Piquet

PIQUET. [See Picket.]

Piquet

PIQUET, n. piket'. [French] A game at cards played between two persons, with only thirty two cards; all the deuces, threes, fours, fives and sixes being set aside.

Encyc.

Piquing

PIQUING, ppr. pee'king. Irritating; offending; priding.

Piracy

PI'RACY, noun [French piraterie; Latin piratica, from Greek, from, to attempt, to dare, to enterprise, whence Latin periculum, experior. The primary sense of the root is to run, rush or drive forward; allied to Saxon faran, to fare Class Br.]

1. The act, practice or crime of robbing on the high seas; the taking of property from others by open violence and without authority, on the sea; a crime that answers to robbery on land.

Waller. Arbuthnot.

Other acts than robbery on the high seas, are declared by statute to be piracy. See Act of Congress, April 30, 1790.

2. The robbing of another by taking his writings.

Pirate

PI'RATE, noun [Italian pirato; Latin Spanish pirata; Greek, from. See Piracy. Formerly this word signified a ship or sea soldier, answering to the marine of the present day.]

1. A robber on the high seas; one that by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas. In strictness, the word pirate is one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas.

2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels indiscriminately on the high seas.

3. A bookseller that seizes the copies or writings of other men without permission.

Johnson.

Pirate

PI'RATE, verb intransitive To rob on the high seas.

Arbuthnot.

Pirate

PI'RATE, verb transitive To take by theft or without right or permission, as books or writings.

They advertised they would pirate his edition.

Pope.

Pirated

PI'RATED, participle passive Taken by theft or without right.

Pirating

PI'RATING, participle of the present tense Robbing on the high seas; taking without right, as a book or writing.

2. adjective Undertaken for the sake of piracy; as a pirating expedition.

Mitford.

Piratical

PIRAT'ICAL, adjective [Latin piraticus.] Robbing or plundering by open violence on the high seas; as a piratical commander or ship.

2. Consisting in piracy; predatory; robbing; as a piratical trade or occupation.

3. Practicing literary theft.

The errors of the press were multiplied by piratical printers.

Pope.

Piratically

PIRAT'ICALLY, adverb By piracy.

Bryant.

Pirogue

PIROGUE, or PIRAGUA, noun piro'ge, [Spanish piragua. pirau'gua. This word is variously written, periagua or pirogue. The former is the spelling of Washington and Jefferson; the latter of Charlevoix.]

1. A canoe formed out of the trunk of a tree, or two canoes united.

Charlevoix.

2. In modern usage in America, a narrow ferry boat carrying two masts and a leeboard.

Pirry

PIR'RY, noun A rough gale of wind; a storm. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Piscary

PIS'CARY, noun [Italian pescheria, from pescare, to fish, Spanish pescar; French pÃƒ-ªcherie, from pÃƒ-ªcher, to fish; Latin piscis, a fish; piscor, to fish.]

In law, the right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters.

Blackstone.

Piscation

PISCA'TION, noun [Latin piscatio. See Piscary and Fish.] The act or practice of fishing.

Brown.

Piscatory

PIS'CATORY, adjective [Latin piscatorius.] Relating to fishes or to fishing; as a piscatory eclogue.

Addison.

Pisces

PIS'CES, n. plu. [Latin piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac.

Piscine

PIS'CINE, adjective [Latin piscis, a fish.] Pertaining to fish or fishes; as piscine remains.

Kirwan.

Piscivorous

PISCIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin piscis, a fish, and voro, to eat.]

Feeding or subsisting on fishes. Many species of aquatic fowls are piscivorous.

Pish

PISH, exclamation [perhaps the oriental or. Class Bs. No. 2. 3.]

A word expressing contempt; sometimes spoken and written pshaw.

Pish

PISH, verb intransitive To express contempt.

Pope.

Pisiform

PIS'IFORM, adjective [Latin pisum, a pea, and forma, form.] Having the form of a pea.

Masses of pisiform argillaceous iron ore.

Kirwan.

Pismire

PIS'MIRE, noun [The last syllable is the Swedish myra, Danish myre, Dutch mier, an ant; Saxon myra, tender. I know not the origin or meaning of the first syllable.] The insect called the ant or emmet.

Prior. Mortimer.

Pisolite

PIS'OLITE, noun [Greek, a pea, and, a stone.]

Peastone, a carbonate of lime, slightly colored by the oxyd of iron. It occurs in little globular concretions of the size of a pea or larger, which usually contain each a grain of sand as a nucleus. These concretions in union sometimes compose entire beds of secondary mountains. It is sometimes called calcarious tufa.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cleaveland.

Pisophalt

PIS'OPHALT, noun Pea-mineral or mineral-pea; a soft bitumen, black and of a strong pungent smell. It appears to be petrol passing to asphalt. It holds a middle place between petrol, which is liquid, and asphalt, which is dry and brittle.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Piss

PISS, verb transitive [Dutch German pissen; Danish pisser; Swedish pissa; French pisser; Welsh pisaw; Basque, pisye; Italian pisciare; Pers. pishar, urine. Class Br. No. 61. 69.]

To discharge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in the urinary bladder.

Piss

PISS, noun Urine; the liquor secreted by the kidneys into the bladder of an animal and discharged through the proper channel.

Pissabed

PISS'ABED, noun The vulgar name of a yellow flower, growing among grass.

Pissasphalt

PIS'SASPHALT, noun [Greek, pitch, and, asphalt; Spanish pisasfalto.]

Earth-pitch; pitch mixed with bitumen, natural or artificial; a fluid opake mineral substance, thick and inflammable, but leaving a residuum after burning.

Encyc.

Pissburnt

PISS'BURNT, adjective Stained with urine.

Pist

PIST, or PISTE, noun [French piste, from Spanish Portugese pista, from Spanish pistar, to beat, or pisonar, to ram or drive.]

The track or foot-print of a horseman on the ground he goes over.

Johnson.

Pistachio

PISTA'CHIO, noun [French pistache; Italian pistacchio; Latin pistachia; Greek; Pers.; Arabic.]

The nut of the Pistacia terebinthus or turpentine tree, containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, of a pleasant taste, resembling that of the almond, and yielding a well tasted oil. It is wholesome and nutritive. The tree grows in Syria, Arabia and Persia.

Encyc.

Pistacite

PIS'TACITE, or PIS'TAZITE. [See Epidote.]

Pistareen

PISTAREE'N, noun A silver coin of the value of 17 or 18 cents, or 9d. sterling.

Pistil

PIS'TIL, noun [Latin pistillum, a pestle.] In botany, the pointal, an organ of female flowers adhering to the fruit for the reception of the pollen, supposed to be a continuation of the pith, and when perfect, consisting of three parts, the germ or ovary, the style, and the stigma.

Martyn.

Pistillaceous

PISTILLA'CEOUS, adjective Growing on the germ or seed bud of a flower.

Barton.

Pistillate

PIS'TILLATE, adjective Having or consisting in a pistil.

Pistillation

PISTILLA'TION, noun [Latin pistillum, a pestle, that is, a beater or driver.] The act of pounding in a mortar. [Little used.]

Pistilliferous

PISTILLIF'EROUS, adjective [pistil and Latin fero, to bear.]

Having a pistil without stamens; as a female flower.

Pistol

PIS'TOL, noun [French pistole, pistolet; Italian Spanish pistola, a pistol. This word, like piston and pestle, signifies a driver, or a canal or spout, from the same root. Class Bs.]

A small fire-arm, or the smallest fire-arm used, differing from a musket chiefly in size. Pistols are of different lengths, and borne by horsemen in cases at the saddle bow, or by a girdle. Small pistols are carried in the pocket.

Pistol

PIS'TOL, verb transitive [French pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol.

Pistole

PISTO'LE, noun [French] A gold coin of Spain, but current in the neighboring countries.

Pistolet

PIS'TOLET, noun [French] A little pistol.

Piston

PIS'TON, noun [French Spanish piston, from the root of Spanish pisar, pistar, Latin pinso, the primary sense of which is to press, send, drive, thrust or strike, like embolus, from Greek,.]

A short cylinder of metal or other solid substance, used in pumps and other engines or machines for various purposes. It is fitted exactly to the bore of another body so as to prevent the entrance or escape of air, and is usually applied to the purpose of forcing some fluid into or out of the canal or tube which it fills, as in pumps, fire-engines and the like.

Pit

PIT, noun [Saxon pit or pyt; Dutch put; Welsh pyd; Irish pit; Latin puteus; Sanscrit put, puttu; Welsh pydaw, a well or spring, an oozing fluid. It is uncertain whether this word originally signified a hollow place dug in the earth, or a natural spring of water and its bason. See Arabic to spring, and Class Bd. No. 58. 59. 63.]

1. An artificial cavity made in the earth by digging; a deep hole in the earth.

Bacon. Shak.

2. A deep place; an abyss; profundity.

Into what pit thou seest

From what height fallen.

Milton.

3. The grave. Psalm 28 and 30.

4. The area for cock-fighting; whence the phrase, to fly the pit.

Locke. Hudibras.

5. The middle part of a theater.

Dryden.

6. The hollow of the body at the stomach. We say, the pit of the stomach.

7. The cavity under the shoulder; as the arm-pit.

8. A dint made by impression on a soft substance, as by the finger, &c.

9. A little hollow in the flesh, made by a pustule, as in the small pocks.

10. A hollow place in the earth excavated for catching wild beasts; hence in Scripture, whatever ensnares and brings into calamity or misery, from which it is difficult to escape. Psalm 7. Proverbs 22 and 23.

11. Great distress and misery, temporal, spiritual or eternal. Isaiah 38. Psalm 40.

12. Hell; as the bottomless pit. Revelation 20.

Pit

PIT, verb transitive To indent; to press into hollows.

2. To mark with little hollows, as by variolous pustules; as the face pitted by the small pocks.

3. To set in competition, as in combat.

Federalist, Madison.

Pitahaya

PITAHA'YA, noun A shrub of California, which yields a delicious fruit, the Cactus Pitajaya.

Encyc.

Pitapat

PIT'APAT, adverb [probably allied to beat.] In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats; as, his heart went pitapat.

Pitapat

PIT'APAT, noun A light quick step.

Now I hear the pitapat of a pretty foot, through the dark alley.

Dryden.

Pitch

PITCH, noun [Saxon pic; Dutch pik; German pech; Swedish beck; Danish beg or beeg; Irish pic or pech; Welsh pyg; Spanish pez; Italian pece; Irish poix; Latin pix; Greek or; most probably named from its thickness or inspissation, from the root of,, Latin figo. See Class Bg. No. 23. 24. 33. 66.]

1. A thick tenacious substance, the juice of a species of pine or fir called abies picea, obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. When melted and pressed in bags of cloth, it is received into barrels. This is white or Burgundy pitch; by mixture with lampblack it is converted into black pitch. When kept long in fusion with vinegar, it becomes dry and brown, and forms

colophony. The smoke of pitch condensed forms lampblack.

Fourcroy.

2. The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissated; used in calking ships and paying the sides and bottom.

Pitch

PITCH, noun [from the root of pike, peak, Welsh pig. See the Verb.]

1. Literally, a point; hence, any point or degree of elevation; as a high pitch; lowest pitch.

How high a pitch his resolution soars.

Shak.

Alcibiades was one of the best orators of his age, notwithstanding he lived when learning was at its highest pitch.

Addison.

2. Highest rise.

Shak.

3. Size; stature.

So like in person, garb and pitch.

Hudibras.

4. Degree; rate.

No pitch of glory from the grave is free.

Waller.

5. The point where a declivity begins, or the declivity itself; descent; slope; as the pitch of a hill.

6. The degree of descent or declivity.

7. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune or of any note.

Pitch

PITCH, verb transitive [formerly pight; Welsh piciaw, to dart, from pig, a point, a pike; Dutch pikken, to peck, to pick, to pitch; German pichen; French ficher; Armoric ficha; coinciding with Latin figo, to fix, and uniting pike, pique with fix, Spanish picar, Italian piccare, to prick or sting.]

1. To throw or thrust, and primarily, to thrust a long or pointed object; hence, to fix; to plant; to set; as, to pitch a tent or pavilion, that is, to set the stakes.

Dryden.

2. To throw at a point; as, to pitch quoits.

3. To throw headlong; as, to pitch one in the mire or down a precipice.

4. To throw with a fork; as, to pitch hay or sheaves of corn.

5. To regulate or set the key-note of a tune in music.

6. To set in array; to marshal or arrange in order; used chiefly in the participle; as a pitched battle.

7. [from pitch.] To smear or pay over with pitch; as, to pitch the seams of a ship.

Pitch

PITCH, verb intransitive To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.

Take a branch of the tree on which the bees pitch, and wipe the hive.

Mortimer.

2. To fall headlong; as, to pitch from a precipice; to pitch on the head.

Dryden.

3. To plunge; as, to pitch into a river.

4. To fall; to fix choice; with on or upon.

Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the most easy.

Tillotson.

5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.

Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead. Genesis 31.

6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head and stern of a ship passing over waves.

7. To flow or fall precipitously, as a river.

Over this rock, the river pitches in one entire sheet.

B. Trumbull.

Pitched

PITCH'ED, participle passive Set; planted; fixed; thrown headlong; set in array; smeared with pitch.

Pitcher

PITCH'ER, noun [Armoric picher; Basque, pegar; from its spout, or from throwing.]

1. An earthen vessel with a spout for pouring out liquors. This is its present signification.

It seems formerly to have signified a water pot, jug or jar with ears.

Shak.

2. An instrument for piercing the ground.

Mortimer.

Pitch-Farthing

PITCH-FARTHING, noun A play in which copper coin is pitched into a hole; called also chuck-farthing, from the root of choke.

Pitchfork

PITCH'FORK, noun [Welsh picforÃƒ-§.] A fork or farming utensil used in throwing hay or sheaves of grain, in loading or unloading carts and wagons.

Pitchiness

PITCH'INESS, noun [from pitch.] Blackness; darkness. [Little used.]

Pitching

PITCH'ING, participle of the present tense Setting; planting or fixing; throwing headlong; plunging; daubing with pitch; setting, as a tune.

2. adjective Declivous; descending; sloping; as a hill.

Pitching

PITCH'ING, noun In navigation, the rising and falling of the head and stern of a ship, as she moves over waves; or the vertical vibration of a ship about her center of gravity.

Mar. Dict.

Pitch-Ore

PITCH'-ORE, noun Pitch-blend, an ore of uranium.

Pitchpipe

PITCH'PIPE, noun An instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch or elevation of the key or leading note of a tune.

Spectator.

Pitch-Stone

PITCH'-STONE, noun A mineral, a subspecies of quartz, which in luster and texture resembles pitch, whence its name. It is sometimes called resinite. Its colors are, several shades of green; black with green, brown or gray; brown, tinged with red, green or yellow; sometimes yellowish or blue. It occurs in large beds and sometimes forms whole mountains.

Cleaveland.

Pitchy

PITCH'Y, adjective Partaking of the qualities of pitch; like pitch.

Woodward.

2. Smeared with pitch.

Dryden.

3. Black; dark; dismal; as the pitchy mantle of night.

Shak.

Pitcoal

PIT'COAL, noun Fossil coal; coal dug from the earth.

Piteous

PIT'EOUS, adjective [See Pity.] Sorrowful; mournful; that may excite pity; as a piteous look.

2. Wretched; miserable; deserving compassion; as a piteous condition.

3. Compassionate; affected by pity.

Prior. Pope.

4. Pitiful; paltry; poor; as piteous amends.

Milton.

Piteously

PIT'EOUSLY, adverb In a piteous manner; with compassion.

Shak.

2. Sorrowfully; mournfully.

Piteousness

PIT'EOUSNESS, noun Sorrowfulness.

2. Tenderness; compassion.

Pitfall

PIT'FALL, noun A pit slightly covered for concealment, and intended to catch wild beasts or men.

Pitfall

PIT'FALL, verb transitive To lead into a pitfall.

Milton.

Pit-Fish

PIT-FISH, noun A small fish of the Indian seas, about the size of a smelt, of a green and yellow color. It has the power of protruding or retracting its eyes at pleasure.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pith

PITH, noun [Saxon pitha; Dutch pit, pith, kernel.]

1. The soft spungy substance in the center of plants and trees.

Bacon. Encyc.

2. In animals, the spinal marrow.

Ray.

3. Strength or force.

Shak.

4. Energy; cogency; concentrated force; closeness and vigor of thought and style.

5. Condensed substance or matter; quintessence. The summary contains the pith of the original.

6. Weight; moment; importance.

Enterprises of great pith and moment.

Shak.

Pithily

PITH'ILY, adverb With strength; with close or concentrated force; cogently; with energy.

Pithiness

PITH'INESS, noun Strength; concentrated force; as the pithiness of a reply.

Spenser.

Pithless

PITH'LESS, adjective Destitute of pith; wanting strength.

2. Wanting cogency or concentrated force.

Pithole

PIT'HOLE, noun A mark made by disease.

Obs.

Beaum.

Pithy

PITH'Y, adjective Consisting of pith; containing pith; abounding with pith; as a pithy substance; a pithy stem.

2. Containing concentrated force; forcible; energetic; as a pithy word or expression.

This pithy speech prevailed and all agreed.

Dryden.

3. Uttering energetic words or expressions.

In all these, Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy.

Addison.

Pitiable

PIT'IABLE, adjective [French pitoyable; from pity.] Deserving pity; worthy of compassion; miserable; as pitiable persons; a pitiable condition.

Atterbury.

Pitiableness

PIT'IABLENESS, noun State of deserving compassion.

Kettlewell.

Pitied

PIT'IED, participle passive Compassionated. [See the verb, to pity.]

Pitiful

PIT'IFUL, adjective [See Pity.] Full of pity; tender; compassionate; having a heart to feel sorrow and sympathy for the distressed. James 5:1 Peter 3. [This is the proper sense of the word.]

2. Miserable; moving compassion; as a sight most pitiful; a pitiful condition.

Shak. Ray.

This is a very improper use of pitiful for pitiable.

3. To be pitied for its littleness or meanness; paltry; contemptible; despicable.

That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it.

Shak.

4. Very small; insignificant.

Pitifully

PIT'IFULLY, adverb With pity; compassionately.

Pitifully behold the sorrows of our hearts.

Com. Prayer.

2. In a manner to excite pity.

They would sigh and groan as pitifully as other men.

Tillotson.

3. Contemptibly; with meanness.

Richardson.

Pitifulness

PIT'IFULNESS, noun Tenderness of heart that disposes to pity; mercy; compassion.

Sidney.

2. Contemptibleness.

Pitiless

PIT'ILESS, adjective Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; applied to persons; as a pitiless master.

2. Exciting no pity; as a pitiless state.

Pitilessly

PIT'ILESSLY, adverb Without mercy or compassion.

Sherwood.

Pitilessness

PIT'ILESSNESS, noun Unmercifulness; insensibility to the distresses of others.

Pitman

PIT'MAN, noun The man that stands in a pit when sawing timber with another man who stands above.

Moxon.

Pit-Saw

PIT'-SAW, noun A large saw used in dividing timber, and used by two men, one of whom stands in a pit below.

Moxon.

Pittance

PIT'TANCE, noun [French pitance; Italian pietanza; Portugese pitÃƒ-¢nÃƒ-§a. The word signifies primarily, a portion of food allowed to a monk. The Spanish has pitar, to distribute allowances of meat, and pitancero, a person who distributes allowances, or a friar who lives on charity.]

1. An allowance of meat in a monastery.

2. A very small portion allowed or assigned.

Shak.

3. A very small quantity.

Arbuthnot.

Pituitary

PITU'ITARY, adjective [Latin pituita, phlegm, rheum; Greek, to spit.]

That secretes phlegm or mucus; as the pituitary membrane.

Med. Repos.

The pituitary gland is a small oval body on the lower side of the brain, supposed by the ancients to secrete the mucus of the nostrils.

Parr. Quincy.

Pituite

PIT'UITE, noun [French from Latin pituita.] Mucus.

Pituitous

PITU'ITOUS, adjective [Latin pituitosus.] Consisting of mucus, or resembling it in qualities.

Pity

PIT'Y, noun [French pitiÃƒ-©; Italian pietÃƒ- , pity and piety; Spanish pietad, pity and piety; Portugese piedade, id. The Latin, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese languages unite pity and piety in the same word, and the word may be from the root of compassion; Latin patior, to suffer; Italian compatire, Spanish Portugese compadecerse, to pity.]

1. The feeling or suffering of one person, excited by the distresses of another; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion or fellow-suffering.

He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth to the Lord. Proverbs 19.

In Scripture however, the word pity usually includes compassion accompanied with some act of charity or benevolence, and not simply a fellow feeling of distress.

Pity is always painful, yet always agreeable.

Kames.

2. The ground or subject of pity; cause of grief; thing to be regreted.

What pity is it

That we can die but once to serve our country!

Addison.

That he is old, the more is the pity, his white hairs do witness it.

Shak.

In this sense, the word has a plural. It is a thousand pities he should waste his estate in prodigality.

Pity

PIT'Y, verb transitive [French pitoyer.] To feel pain or grief for one in distress; to have sympathy for; to compassionate; to have tender feelings for one, excited by his unhappiness.

Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Psalm 103.

Taught by that power who pities me,

I learn to pity them.

Goldsmith.

Pity

PIT'Y, verb intransitive To be compassionate; to exercise pity.

I will not pity nor spare, nor have mercy. Jeremiah 13.

[But this may be considered as an elliptical phrase.]

Pivot

PIV'OT, noun [French In Italian, pivolo or piuolo is a peg or pin.] A pin on which any thing turns.

Dryden.

Pix

PIX, noun [Latin pyxis.] A little box or chest in which the consecrated host is kept in Roman catholic countries.

Hanmer.

2. A box used for the trial of gold and silver coin.

Leake.

Pizzle

PIZ'ZLE, noun [Dutch pees, a tendon or string.] In certain quadrupeds, the part which is official to generation and the discharge of urine.

Brown.

Placability

PLACABIL'ITY, or PLA'CABLENESS, noun [from placable.] The quality of being appeasable; susceptibility of being pacified.

Placable

PLA'CABLE, adjective [Italian placabile; Spanish placable; Latin placabilis, from placo, to pacify; probably formed on the root of lay. See Please.]

That may be appeased or pacified; appeasable; admitting its passions or irritations to be allayed; willing to forgive.

Methought I saw him placable and mild.

Milton.

Placard

PLAC`ARD, n [French placard; Spanish placarte; Dutch plakaat; plakken, to paste or stick; German Danish placat; French plaquer, to clap on, Armoric placqa. According to the French orthography, this word is composed of plaquer, to lay or clap on, and carte, card.]

Properly, a written or printed paper posted in a public place. It seems to have been formerly the name of an edict, proclamation or manifesto issued by authority, but this sense is, I believe, seldom or never annexed to the word. A placard now is an advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censure public or private characters or public measures, posted in a public place. In the case of libels or papers intended to censure public or private characters, or the measures of government, these papers are usually pasted up at night for secrecy.

Placate

PLA'CATE, verb transitive [Latin placo, to appease.] To appease or pacify; to conciliate.

Forbes.

Place

PLACE, noun [French id.; Spanish plaza; Portugese praÃƒ-§a; Italian piazza, for plazza; Armoric plaÃƒ-§z; Dutch plaats; German platz; Swedish plats; Danish plads. Words of this signification have for their radical sense, to lay.]

1. A particular portion of space of indefinite extent, occupied or intended to be occupied by any person or thing, and considered as the space where a person or thing does or may rest or has rested, as distinct from space in general.

Look from the place where thou art. Genesis 13.

The place where thou standest is holy ground. Exodus 3.

Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours. Deuteronomy 11.

David's place was empty. 1 Samuel 20.

2. Any portion of space, as distinct from space in general.

Enlargement and deliverance shall arise to the Jews from another place. Esther 4.

3. Local existence.

From whose face the earth and the heaven fled away, and there was found no place for them. Revelation 20.

4. Separate room or apartment.

His catalogue had an especial place for sequestered divines.

Fell.

5. Seat; residence; mansion.

The Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation. John 11.

6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book.

The place of the Scripture which he read was this. Acts 8.

7. Point or degree in order of proceeding; as in the first place; in the second place; in the last place. Hence,

8. Rank; order of priority, dignity or importance. He holds the first place in society, or in the affections of the people.

9. Office; employment; official station. The man has a place under the government.

Do you your office, or give up your place.

Shak.

10. Ground; room.

There is no place of doubting but that it is the very same.

Hammond.

11. Station in life; calling; occupation; condition. All, in their several places, perform their duty.

12. A city; a town; a village. In what place does he reside? He arrived at this place in the mail coach. Genesis 18.

13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post; a fortress; a fort; as a strong place; a place easily defended. The place was taken by assault.

14. A country; a kingdom. England is the place of his birth.

15. Space in general.

But she all place within herself confines.

Davies.

16. Room; stead; with the sense of substitution.

And Joseph said unto them, fear not; for am I in the place of God? Gen. I.

17. Room; kind reception.

My word hath no place in you. John 8.

18. The place of the moon, in astronomy, is the part of its orbit where it is found at any given time. The place of the sun or a star, is the sign and degree of the zodiac, in which it is at any given time, or the degree of the ecliptic, reckoning from the beginning of Aries, which the star's circle of longitude cuts, and therefore coincides with the longitude of the sun or star.

Encyc.

To take place, to come; to happen; to come into actual existence or operation; as when we say, this or that event will or will not take place. The perfect exemption of man from calamity, can never take place in this state of existence.

2. To take the precedence or priority.

Addison. Locke.

To take the place, but sometimes to take place, omitting the article, is to occupy the place or station of another.

To have place, to have a station, room or seat. Such desires can have no place in a good heart.

2. To have actual existence.

To give place, to make room or way. Give place to your superiors.

2. To give room; to give advantage; to yield to the influence of; to listen to.

Neither give place to the devil. Ephesians 4.

3. To give way; to yield to and suffer to pass away.

High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices were offered.

Place

PLACE, verb transitive [French placer.] To put or set in a particular part of space, or in a particular part of the earth, or in something on its surface; to locate; as, to place a house by the side of a stream; to place a book on a shelf; to place a body of cavalry on each flank of an army.

2. To appoint, set, induct or establish in an office.

Thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them to be rulers of thousands, &c. Exodus 18.

It is a high moral duty of sovereigns and supreme magistrates and councils, to place in office men of unquestionable virtue and talents.

Anon.

3. To put or set in any particular rank, state or condition. Some men are placed in a condition of rank and opulence, others are placed in low or narrow circumstances; but in whatever sphere men are placed, contentment will insure to them a large portion of happiness.

4. To set; to fix; as, to place one's affections on an object; to place confidence in a friend.

5. To put; to invest; as, to place money in the funds or in a bank.

6. To put out at interest; to lend; as, to place money in good hands or in good security.

Placed

PLA'CED, participle passive Set; fixed; located; established.

Place-Man

PLA'CE-MAN, noun One that has an office under a government.

Placenta

PLACEN'TA, noun [Latin; probably from the root of Dutch plakken, French plaquer, to stick or clap together.]

1. In anatomy, the substance that connects the fetus to the womb, a soft roundish mass or cake by which the circulation is carried on between the parent and the fetus.

Coxe. Quincy.

2. The part of a plant or fruit to which the seeds are attached.

Coxe. Parr.

Placental

PLACEN'TAL, adjective Pertaining to the placenta.

Waterhouse.

Placentation

PLACENTA'TION, noun In botany, the disposition of the cotyledons or lobes in the vegetation or germination of seeds.

Martyn.

Placer

PLA'CER, noun One who places, locates or sets.

Spenser.

Placid

PLAC'ID, adjective [Latin placidus, from placo, to appease.]

1. Gentle; quiet; undisturbed; equable; as a placid motion of the spirits.

Bacon.

2. Serene; mild; unruffled; indicating peace of mind; as a placid countenance or smile.

3. Calm; tranquil; serene; not stormy; as a placid sky.

4. Calm; quiet; unruffled; as a placid stream.

Placidly

PLAC'IDLY, adverb Mildly; calmly; quietly; without disturbance or passion.

Placidness

PLAC'IDNESS, noun Calmness; quiet; tranquillity; unruffled state.

2. Mildness; gentleness; sweetness of disposition.

Chandler.

Placit

PLAC'IT, noun [Latin placitum, that which pleases, a decree, from placeo, to please.] A decree or determination. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Placket

PLACK'ET, noun [from the French plaquer, to clap on. See Placard.]

A petticoat. If this is the sense of the word in Shakspeare, it is a derivative. The word signifies the opening of the garment; but it is nearly or wholly obsolete.

Plagiarism

PLA'GIARISM, noun [from plagiary.] The act of purloining another man's literary works, or introducing passages from another man's writings and putting them off as one's own; literary theft.

Swift.

Plagiarist

PLA'GIARIST, noun One that purloins the writings of another and puts them off as his own.

Plagiary

PLA'GIARY, noun [Latin plagium, a kidnapping, probably from plagoe, nets, toils, that which is layed or spread, from the root of lay. The Latin plaga, a stroke, is the same word differently applied, a laying on.]

1. A thief in literature; one that purloins another's writings and offers them to the public as his own.

South. Dryden.

2. The crime of literary theft. [Not used.]

Brown.

Plagiary

PLA'GIARY, adjective Stealing men; kidnapping. [Not used.]

Brown.

2. Practicing literary theft.

Hall.

Plague

PLAGUE, n. plag. [Spanish plaga or llaga, a wound, a plague; Italian piaga, for plaga; German Danish plage; Swedish plaÃƒ-¥ga; Welsh pla, plague; llac, a slap; llaciaw, to strike, to lick, to cudgel; Irish plaig; Latin plaga, a stroke, Greek. See Lick and Lay. The primary sense is a stroke or striking. So afflict is from the root of flog, and probably of the same family as plague.]

1. Any thing troublesome or vexatious; but in this sense, applied to the vexations we suffer from men, and not to the unavoidable evils inflicted on us by Divine Providence. The application of the word to the latter, would now be irreverent and reproachful.

2. A pestilential disease; an acute, malignant and contagious disease that often prevails in Egypt, Syria and Turkey, and has at times infected the large cities of Europe with frightful mortality.

3. A state of misery. Psalm 38.

4. Any great natural evil or calamity; as the ten plagues of Egypt.

Plague

PLAGUE, v. t. plag. [Spanish plagar; Welsh placaw; Italian piagare; German plagen; Danish plager; Swedish plÃƒ-¥a; from the noun.]

1. To infest with disease, calamity or natural evil of any kind.

Thus were they plagued

And worn with famine.

Milton.

2. To vex; to tease; to harass; to trouble; to embarrass; a very general and indefinite signification.

If her nature be so,

That she will plague the man that loves her mostÃ‚--

Spenser.

Plagueful

PLAGUEFUL, adjective Abounding with plagues; infected with plagues.

Plaguily

PLAGUILY, adverb Vexatiously; in a manner to vex, harass or embarrass; greatly; horribly. [In vulgar use.]

Swift. Dryden.

Plaguy

PLAGUY, adjective Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting. [Vulgar.]

Hudibras.

Plaice

PLAICE, or PLAISE, noun [French plie; Spanish platija; German platteise; Danish plat-fisk, flat-fish; from plat, flat.]

A fish of the genus Pleuronectes, growing to the size of eight or ten pounds or more. This fish is more flat and square than the halibut.

Plaid

PLAID, or PLAD, noun [qu. Welsh plaid, a partition; diversity of colors being often named from dividing.]

A striped or variegated cloth worn by the highlanders in Scotland. It is a narrow woolen stuff worn round the waist or on the shoulders, reaching to the knees, and in cold weather to the feet. It is worn by both sexes.

Pennant.

Plain

PLAIN, adjective [French plain; Italian piano; Spanish plano, llano; Portugese plano; from Latin planus; German Swedish plan; Dutch plein; Swedish Danish Dutch German plan, a plan or scheme; Welsh plan, a plane, a plantation, a shoot or cion, a ray of light, whence plant, children, issue; pleiniaw, to radiate; plenig, radiant, splendid, whence ysplan, clear, bright, splendid, and ysplander, Latin splendor. The Greek, to wander, is from the same root. Here we have decisive evidence, that plain, plan, plant, and splendor are from the same radix. See Plant. Class Ln. No. 4. 6. 7.]

1. Smooth; even; level; flat; without elevations and depressions; not rough; as plain ground or land; a plain surface. In this sense, in philosophical writings, it is written plane.

2. Open; clear.

Our troops beat an army in plain fight and open field.

Felton.

3. Void of ornament; simple; as a plain dress.

Plain without pomp, and rich without a show.

Dryden.

4. Artless; simple; unlearned; without disguise, cunning or affectation; without refinement; as men of the plainer sort. Genesis 25.

Bacon.

Plain but pious christiansÃ‚--

Hammond.

5. Artless; simple; unaffected; unembellished; as a plain tale or narration.

6. Honestly undisguised; open; frank; sincere; unreserved. I will tell you the plain truth.

Give me leave to be plain with you.

Bacon.

7. Mere; bare; as a plain knave or fool.

Shak. Pope.

8. Evident to the understanding; clear; manifest; not obscure; as plain words or language; a plain difference; a plain argument.

It is plain in the history, that Esau was never subject to Jacob.

Locke.

9. Not much varied by modulations; as a plain song or tune.

10. Not high seasoned; not rich; not luxuriously dressed; as a plain diet.

11. Not ornamented with figures; as plain muslin.

12. Not dyed.

13. Not difficult; not embarrassing; as a plain case in law.

14. Easily seen or discovered; not obscure or difficult to be found; as a plain road or path. Our course is very plain. Psalm 27.

A plain or plane figure, in geometry, is a uniform surface, from every point of whose perimeter right lines may be drawn to every other point in the same.

Encyc.

A plain figure, in geometry, is a surface in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface.

A plain angle, is one contained under two lines or surfaces, in contradistinction to a solid angle.

Encyc.

Plain

PLAIN, adverb Not obscurely; in a manner to be easily understood.

2. Distinctly; articulately; as, to speak plain. Mark 7.

3. With simplicity; artlessly; bluntly.

Plain

PLAIN, noun [Irish cluain; Welsh llan; French plaine. See the Adjective.]

1. Level land; usually, an open field with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as all the plain of Jordan. Genesis 13.

2. Field of battle.

Arbuthnot.

Plain

PLAIN, verb transitive To level; to make plain or even on the surface.

Hayward.

Plain

PLAIN, verb intransitive [French plaindre; Latin plango.] To lament or wail. [Not used.] [See Complain.]

Spenser.

Plain-Dealing

PLAIN-DE'ALING, adjective [plain and deal.] Dealing or communicating with frankness and sincerity; honest; open; speaking and acting without art; as a plaindealing man.

Shak. L'Estrange.

Plain-Dealing

PLAIN-DE'ALING, noun A speaking or communicating with openness and sincerity; management without art, stratagem or disguise; sincerity.

Dryden.

Plain-Hearted

PLA'IN-HE`ARTED, adjective Having a sincere heart; communicating without art, reserve or hypocrisy; of a frank disposition.

Milton.

Plain-Heartedness

PLAIN-HE`ARTEDNESS, noun Frankness of disposition; sincerity.

Hallywell.

Plainly

PLA'INLY, adverb With a level surface. [Little used.]

2. Without cunning or disguise.

3. Without ornament or artificial embellishment; as, to be plainly clad.

4. Frankly; honestly; sincerely; as, deal plainly with me.

Pope.

5. In earnest; fairly.

Clarendon.

6. In a manner to be easily seen or comprehended.

Thou shalt write on the stones all the words of this law very plainly. Deuteronomy 27.

7. Evidently; clearly; not obscurely. The doctrines of grace are plainly taught in the Scriptures.

Plainness

PLA'INNESS, noun Levelness; evenness or surface.

2. Want of ornament; want of artificial show.

So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit.

Pope.

3. Openness; rough, blunt or unrefined frankness.

Your plainness and your shortness please me well.

Shak.

4. Artlessness; simplicity; candor; as unthinking plainness.

Dryden.

5. Clearness; openness; sincerity.

Seeing then we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech. 2 Corinthians 3.

Plain-Song

PLA'IN-SONG, noun The plain, unvaried chant of churches; so called in contradistinction from the prick-song, or variegated music sung by note.

Shak.

Plain-Spoken

PLA'IN-SPOKEN, adjective Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity.

Dryden.

Plaint

PLAINT, noun [French plainte, from plaindre, to lament, from Latin plango, to strike, to beat, to lament, whence complaint; Greek, to strike, from the root, disused, whence, a stroke, Latin plaga, plague; Gothic flekan, to lament; Spanish plaÃƒ-±ir, from the Latin. The primary sense is to strike, that is, to drive or thrust, applied to the hand or to the voice; or the sense of complaint and lamentation is from beating the breast, as in violent grief; Swedish plagga, to beat.]

1. Lamentation; complaint; audible expression of sorrow.

From inward grief

His bursting passion into plaints thus pour'd.

Milton.

2. Complaint; representation made of injury or wrong done.

There are three just grounds of war with Spain; one of plaints; two upon defense.

Bacon.

3. In law, a private memorial tendered to a court, in which the person sets forth his cause of action.

Blackstone.

4. In law, a complaint; a formal accusation exhibited by a private person against an offender for a breach of law or a public offense.

Laws of N. York and Conn.

Plaintful

PLA'INTFUL, adjective Complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible voice; as my plaintful tongue.

Sidney.

Plaintif

PLA'INTIF, noun [French plaintif, mournful, making complaint.]

In law, the person who commences a suit before a tribunal, for the recovery of a claim; opposed to defendant.

[Prior uses this word as an adjective, in the French sense, for plaintive, but the use is not authorized.]

Plaintive

PLA'INTIVE, adjective [French plaintif.] Lamenting; complaining; expressive of sorrow; as a plaintive sound or song.

Dryden.

2. Complaining; expressing sorrow or grief; repining.

To sooth the sorrows of her plaintive son.

Dryden.

Plaintively

PLA'INTIVELY, adverb In a manner expressive of grief.

Plaintiveness

PLA'INTIVENESS, noun The quality or state of expressing grief.

Plaintless

PLA'INTLESS, adjective Without complaint; unrepining.

Plain-Work

PLA'IN-WORK, noun Plain needlework, as distinguished from embroidery.

Pope.

Plait

PLAIT, noun [Welsh pleth, a plait or fold; plethu, to plait or braid, from llth; Swedish flÃƒ-¥ta, Danish fletter, to plait, braid, twist, Russian pletu, opletayu, French plisser, with a dialectical change of t to s. Qu. Greek, to twist.]

1. A fold; a doubling; as of cloth.

It is very difficult to trace out the figure of a vest through all the plaits and folding of the drapery.

Addison.

2. A braid of hair; a tress.

Plait

PLAIT, verb transitive To fold; to double in narrow streaks; as, to plait a gown or a sleeve.

Gay.

2. To braid; to interweave strands; as, to plait the hair.

3. To entangle; to involve.

Shak.

Plaited

PLA'ITED, participle passive Folded; braided; interwoven.

Plaiter

PLA'ITER, noun One that plaits or braids.

Plaiting

PLA'ITING, participle of the present tense Folding; doubling; braiding.

Plan

PLAN, noun [French German, Dutch Danish Swedish Russian plan. The Italian has pianta, a plant, and a plan, and in Welsh, plan is a shoot, cion, plantation or planting, and a plane. Hence plan, plain, plane and plant are from one root. The primary sense of the verb is to extend.]

1. A draught or form; properly, the representation of any thing drawn on a plane, as a map or chart, which is a representation of some portion of land or water. But the word is applied particularly to the model of a building, showing the form, extent and divisions in miniature, and it may be applied to the draught or representation of any projected work on paper or on a plain surface; as the plan of a town or city, or of a harbor or fort. The form of a machine in miniature, is called a model.

2. A scheme devised; a project; the form of something to be done existing in the mind, with the several parts adjusted in idea, expressed in words or committed to writing; as the plan of a constitution of government; the plan of a treaty; the plan of an expedition.

Plan

PLAN, verb transitive To form a draught or representation of any intended work.

2. To scheme; to devise; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country; to plan a reduction of taxes or of the national debt.

Planary

PLA'NARY, adjective Pertaining to a plane.

Dict.

Planch

PLANCH, verb transitive [French planche, a plank. See Plank.]

To plank; to cover with planks or boards.

Gorges.

Planched

PLANCH'ED, participle passive Covered or made of planks or boards.

Plancher

PLANCH'ER, noun A floor.

Bacon.

Planchet

PLANCH'ET, noun [French planchette. See Plank.] A flat piece of metal or coin.

Encyc.

Planching

PLANCH'ING, noun The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.

Carew.

Plane

PLANE, noun [from Latin planus. See Plain.] In geometry, an even or level surface, like plain in popular language.

2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass through any of the curves described on the celestial sphere; as the plane of the ecliptic; the plane of a planet's orbit; the plane of a great circle.

3. In mechanics. [See Plain figure.]

4. In joinery and cabinet work, an instrument consisting of a smooth piece of wood, with an aperture, through which passes obliquely a piece of edged steel or chisel, used in paring or smoothing boards or wood of any kind.

Plane

PLANE, verb transitive To make smooth; to pare oft the inequalities of the surface of a board or other piece of wood by the use of a plane.

2. To free from inequalities of surface.

Arbuthnot.

Planed

PLA'NED, participle passive Made smooth with a plane; leveled.

Planet

PLAN'ET, noun [French planete; Italian pianeta; Latin Spanish Portugese planeta; Welsh planed; Greek, wandering, from, to wander, allied to Latin planus, French loin. See Plant.]

A celestial body which revolves about the sun or other center, or a body revolving about another planet as its center. The planets which revolve about the sun as their center, are called primary planets; those which revolve about other planets as their center, and with them revolve about the sun, are called secondary planets, satellites or moons. The primary planets are named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell. Four smaller planets, denominated by some, asteroids, namely, Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta, have recently been discovered between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell, being without the earth's orbit, are sometimes called the superior planets; Venus and Mercury, being within the earth's orbit, are called inferior planets. The planets are opake bodies which receive their light from the sun. They are so named from their motion or revolution, in distinction from the fixed stars, and are distinguished from the latter by their not twinkling.

Planetarium

PLANETA'RIUM, noun An astronomical machine which, by the movement of its parts, represents the motions and orbits of the planets, agreeable to the Copernican system.

Encyc.

Planetary

PLAN'ETARY, adjective [French planetaire.] Pertaining to the planets; as planetary inhabitants; planetary motions.

2. Consisting of planets; as a planetary system.

3. Under the dominion or influence of a planet; as a planetary hour. [Astrology.]

Dryden.

4. Produced by planets; as planetary plague or influence.

Shak.

5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic or revolving.

Blackmore.

Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets, each having its day, as we name the days of the week after the planets.

Planeted

PLAN'ETED, adjective Belonging to planets.

Young.

Planetical

PLANET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to planets. [Not used.]

Brown.

Plane-Tree

PLA'NE-TREE, noun [Latin platanus; French plane, platane.]

A tree of the genus Platanus. The oriental plane-tree is a native of Asia; it rises with a straight smooth branching stem to a great highth, with palmated leaves and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The occidental plane-tree, which grows to a great highth, is a native of N. America; it is called also button-wood.

Planet-Struck

PLAN'ET-STRUCK, adjective Affected by the influence of planets; blasted.

Suckling.

Planifolious

PLANIFO'LIOUS, adjective [Latin planus, plain, and folium, leaf.]

In botany, a planifolious flower is one made up of plain leaves, set together in circular rows round the center. [See Planipetalous.]

Dict.

Planimetric

PLANIMET'RIC, or PLANIMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to the mensuration of plain surfaces.

Planimetry

PLANIM'ETRY, noun [Latin planus, plain, and Greek, to measure.]

The mensuration of plain surfaces, or that part of geometry which regards lines and plain figures, without considering their highth or depth.

Encyc.

Planipetalous

PLANIPET'ALOUS, adjective [Latin planus, plain, and Greek, a petal.]

In botany, flat-leafed, as when the small flowers are hollow only at the bottom, but flat upwards, as in dandelion and succory.

Dict.

Planish

PLAN'ISH, verb transitive [from plane.] To make smooth or plain; to polish; used by manufacturers.

Henry's Chim.

Planished

PLAN'ISHED, participle passive Made smooth.

Planishing

PLAN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Making smooth; polishing.

Planisphere

PLAN'ISPHERE, noun [Latin planus, plain, and sphere.]

A sphere projected on a plane, in which sense, maps in which are exhibited the meridians and other circles, are planispheres.

Encyc.

Plank

PLANK, noun [French planche; Armoric plancquenn, plu. plench; Welsh planc; Dutch plank; German Danish planke; Swedish planka; Russian placha, a board or plank. Probably n is casual and the word belongs to Class Lg.]

A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. In America, broad pieces of sawed timber which are not more than an inch or an inch and a quarter thick, are called boards; like pieces from an inch and a half to three or four inches thick, are called planks. Sometimes pieces more than four inches thick are called planks.

Plank

PLANK, verb transitive To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship.

Planned

PLAN'NED, participle passive Devised; schemed.

Planner

PLAN'NER, noun One who plans or forms a plan; a projector.

Planning

PLAN'NING, participle of the present tense Scheming; devising; making a plan.

Plano-Conical

PLANO-CON'ICAL, adjective [plain and conical.] Plain or level on one side and conical on the other.

Grew.

Plano-Convex

PLANO-CON'VEX, adjective [plain and convex.] Plain or flat on one side and convex on the other; as a plano-convex lens.

Newton.

Plano-Horizontal

PLANO-HORIZON'TAL, adjective Having a level horizontal surface or position.

Lee.

Plano-Subulate

PLANO-SUB'ULATE, adjective [See Subulate.] Smooth and awl-shaped.

Lee.

Plant

PLANT, noun [French plante; Italian pianta; Latin Spanish Portugese Swedish planta; Irish plaunda; Dutch plant; German pflanze; Danish plante; Armoric plantenn; Welsh plant, issue, offspring, children, from plan, a ray, a shoot, a plantation or planting, a plane; planed, a shooting body, a planet; pleiniaw, to radiate; plenig, radiant, splendid; plent, that is rayed; plentyn, a child; planta, to beget or to bear children. In Italian Spanish and Portugese planta signifies a plant and a plan. Here we find plan, plane, plant, planet, all from one stock, and the Welsh pleiniaw, to radiate, shows that the Latin splendeo, splendor, are of the same family. The Celtic clan is probably the Welsh plan, plant, with a different prefix. The radical sense is obvious, to shoot, to extend.]

1. A vegetable; an organic body, destitute of sense and spontaneous motion, adhering to another body in such a manner as to draw from it its nourishment, and having the power of propagating itself by seeds; ``whose seed is in itself.' Genesis 1. This definition may not be perfectly correct, as it respects all plants, for some marine plants grow without being attached to any fixed body.

The woody or dicotyledonous plants consist of three parts; the bark or exterior coat, which covers the wood; the wood which is hard and constitutes the principal part; and the pith or center of the stem. In monocotyledonous plants, the ligneous or fibrous parts, and the pithy or parenchymatous, are equally distributed through the whole internal substance; and in the lower plants, funguses, sea weed, &c. the substance is altogether parenchymatous. By means of proper vessels, the nourishing juices are distributed to every part of the plant. In its most general sense, plant comprehends all vegetables, trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, &c. In popular language, the word is generally applied to the smaller species of vegetables.

2. A sapling.

Dryden.

3. In Scripture, a child; a descendant; the inhabitant of a country. Psalm 144. Jeremiah 48.

4. The sole of the foot. [Little used.]

Sea-plant, a plant that grows in the sea or in salt water; sea weed.

Sensitive plant, a plant that shrinks on being touched, the mimosa.

Plant

PLANT, verb transitive To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maiz.

2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree or a vegetable with roots.

3. To engender; to set the germ of any thing that may increase.

It engenders choler, planteth anger.

Shak.

4. To set; to fix.

His standard planted on Laurentum's towers.

Dryden.

5. To settle; to fix the first inhabitants; to establish; as, to plant a colony.

6. To furnish with plants; to lay out and prepare with plants; as, to plant a garden or an orchard.

7. To set and direct or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort.

8. To introduce and establish; as, to plant christianity among the heathen.

I have planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the increase. 1 Corinthians 3.

9. To unite to Christ and fix in a state of fellowship with him. Psalm 92.

Plant

PLANT, verb intransitive To perform the act of planting.

Pope.

Plantable

PLANT'ABLE, adjective Capable of being planted.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Plantage

PLANT'AGE, noun [Latin plantago.] An herb, or herbs in general. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Plantain

PLANT'AIN, noun [French; from Latin plantago; Italian piantaggine.]

A plant of the genus Plantago, of several species. The water plantain is of the genus Alisma.

Encyc.

Plantain

PLANT'AIN, or PLANT'AIN-TREE, noun [Spanish platano.] A tree of the genus Musa, the most remarkable species of which are, the paradisiaca or plantain, and the sapientum or banana tree. The plantain rises with a soft stem fifteen or twenty feet high, and the fruit is a substitute for bread.

Encyc.

Plantal

PLANT'AL, adjective Belonging to plants. [Not used.]

Glanville.

Plantation

PLANTA'TION, noun [Latin plantatio, from planto, to plant.]

1. The act of planting or setting in the earth for growth.

2. The place planted; applied to ground planted with trees, as an orchard or the like.

Addison.

3. In the United States and the West Indies, a cultivated estate; a farm. In the United States, this word is applied to an estate, a tract of land occupied and cultivated, in those states only where the labor is performed by slaves, and where the land is more or less appropriated to the culture of tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton, that is, from Maryland to Georgia inclusive, on the Atlantic, and in the western states where the land is appropriated to the same articles or to the culture of the sugar cane. From Maryland, northward and eastward, estates in land are called farms.

4. An original settlement in a new country; a town or village planted.

While these plantations were forming in ConnecticutÃ‚--

B. Trumbull.

5. A colony.

Bacon.

6. A first planting; introduction; establishment; as the plantation of christianity in England.

K. Charles.

Plant-Cane

PLANT'-CANE, noun In the West Indies, the original plants of the sugar cane, produced from germs placed in the ground; or canes of the first growth, in distinction from the ratoons, or sprouts from the roots of canes which have been cut.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Planted

PLANT'ED, participle passive Set in the earth for propagation; set; fixed; introduced; established.

2. Furnished with seeds or plants for growth; as a planted field.

3. Furnished with the first inhabitants; settled; as territory planted with colonists.

4. Filled or furnished with what is new.

A man in all the world's new fashion planted. [See Def. 3.]

Shak.

Planter

PLANT'ER, noun One that plants, sets, introduces or establishes; as a planter of maiz; a planter of vines; the planters of a colony.

2. One that settles in a new or uncultivated territory; as the first planters in Virginia.

3. One who owns a plantation; used in the West Indies and southern states of America.

4. One that introduces and establishes.

The apostles were the first planters of christianity.

Nelson. Addison.

Plantership

PLANT'ERSHIP, noun The business of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in the West Indies.

Encyc.

Planticle

PLANT'ICLE, noun A young plant or plant in embryo.

Darwin.

Planting

PLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Setting in the earth for propagation; setting; settling; introducing; establishing.

Planting

PLANT'ING, noun The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, &c.

Plant-Louse

PLANT'-LOUSE, noun An insect that infests plants; a vine fretter; the puceron.

Plash

PLASH, noun [Dutch plas, a puddle; German plÃƒ-¤tschern, to plash, to dabble; Danish plasker, to plash; Greek, superabundant moisture. Qu..]

1. A small collection of standing water; a puddle.

Bacon. Pope.

2. The branch of a tree partly cut or lopped and bound to other branches.

Mortimer.

Plash

PLASH, verb intransitive To dabble in water; usually splash.

Plash

PLASH, verb transitive [French plisser. See Plait. But perhaps originally pleach, from Latin plico, to fold.]

To interweave branches; as, to plash a hedge or quicksets. [In New England, to splice.]

Plashing

PLASH'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting and interweaving, as branches in a hedge.

Plashing

PLASH'ING, noun The act or operation of cutting and lopping small trees and interweaving them, as in hedges.

Encyc.

Plashy

PLASH'Y, adjective Watery; abounding with puddles.

Sandys.

Plasm

PLASM, noun [Greek, from, to form.]

A mold or matrix in which any thing is cast or formed to a particular shape. [Little used.]

Woodward.

Plasma

PLAS'MA, noun A silicious mineral of a color between grass green and leek green, occurring in angular pieces in beds, associated with common chalcedony, and among the ruins of Rome.

Ure.

Plasmatic

PLASMAT'IC, or PLASMAT'ICAL, adjective Giving shape; having the power of giving form.

More.

Plaster

PL`ASTER, noun [German pflaster; Dutch pleistre; Swedish plÃƒ-¥ster; Danish plaster; French platre; Armoric plastr; Welsh plastyr; Irish plastar, plastrail; Spanish emplasto; Portugese id. or emprasto; Italian impiastro; Latin emplastrum; Greek, from, to dauh or smear, properly to lay or spread on; to daub or to fashion, mold or shape.]

1. A composition of lime, water and sand, well mixed into a kind of paste and used for coating walls and partitions of houses. This composition when dry becomes hard, but still retains the name of plaster. Plaster is sometimes made of different materials, as chalk, gypsum, &c. and is sometimes used to parget the whole surface of a building.

2. In pharmacy, an external application of a harder consistence than an ointment, to be spread, according to different circumstances, either on linen or lether.

Encyc.

Plaster of Paris, a composition of several species of gypsum dug near Montmartre, near Paris in France, used in building and in casting busts and statues. In popular language, this name is applied improperly to plaster-stone, or to any species of gypsum.

Plaster

PL`ASTER, verb transitive To overlay with plaster, as the partitions of a house, walls, &c.

2. To cover with plaster, as a wound.

3. In popular language, to smooth over; to cover or conceal defects or irregularities.

Plastered

PL`ASTERED, participle passive Overlaid with plaster.

Plasterer

PL`ASTERER, noun One that overlays with plaster.

2. One that makes figures in plaster.

Wotton.

Plastering

PL`ASTERING, participle of the present tense Covering with or laying on plaster.

Plastering

PL`ASTERING, noun The act or operation of overlaying with plaster.

2. The plaster-work of a building; a covering of plaster.

Plaster-Stone

PL`ASTER-STONE, noun Gypsum, which see. This when pulverized is extensively used as a manure.

Plastic

PLAS'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to form.]

Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as the plastic hand of the Creator; the plastic virtue of nature.

Prior. Woodward.

Plasticity

PLASTIC'ITY, noun The quality of giving form or shape to matter.

Encyc.

Plastron

PLAS'TRON, noun [See Plaster.] A piece of lether stuffed; used by fencers to defend the body against pushes.

Dryden.

Plat

PLAT, verb transitive [from plait, or plat, flat.] To weave; to form by texture. Matthew 27.

Ray. Spectator.

Plat

PLAT', or PLAT'TING, noun Work done by platting or interweaving.

Plat

PLAT, noun [Danish Dutch plat, flat; French id.; German platt; Welsh plad, plÃƒ-¢s; Greek, broad, Latin latus; or from the root of place, German platz. See Plot, the same word differently written. But probably these are all of one family. The sense is laid, spread.]

A small piece of ground, usually a portion of flat even ground; as a flowery plat; a plat of willows.

Milton. Spectator.

Plat

PLAT, adjective Plain; flat. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Plat

PLAT, adverb Plainly; flatly; downright. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

2. Smoothly; evenly. [Not used.]

Drant.

Platane

PLA'TANE, noun [Latin platanus.] The planetree, which see.

Milton.

Platband

PLAT'BAND, noun A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or the side of a parterre.

2. In architecture, a flat square molding whose highth much exceeds its projecture, such as the faces of an architrave.

3. The lintel of a door or window.

4. A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.

Cyc.

Plate

PLATE, noun [Dutch plaat, German platte, plate; Swedish platt; Danish Dutch plat, German platt, flat; Italian piatto, flat, and piastra; Spanish plata; Irish id.; Welsh plÃƒ-¢d, a plate; probably allied to Greek, Latin latus, with the radical sense of laid, spread.]

1. A piece of metal, flat or extended in breadth.

Bacon. South.

2. Armor of plate, composed of broad pieces, and thus distinguished from mail.

Spenser.

3. A piece of wrought silver, as a dish or other shallow vessel; hence, vessels of silver; wrought silver in general. Plate, by the laws of some states, is subject to a tax by the ounce.

4. A small shallow vessel, made of silver or other metal, or of earth glazed and baked, from which provisions are eaten at table. A wooden plate is called a trencher.

5. The prize given for the best horse in a race.

6. In architecture, the piece of timber which supports the ends of the rafters. [See Platform.]

Plate

PLATE, verb transitive To cover or overlay with plate or with metal; used particularly of silver; as plated vessels.

2. To arm with plate or metal for defense; as, to plate sin with gold.

Shak.

Why plated in habiliments of war?

Shak.

3. To adorn with plate; as a plated harness.

4. To beat into thin flat pieces or lamens.

Dryden. Newton.

Plated

PLA'TED, participle passive Covered or adorned with plate; armed with plate; beaten into plates.

Platen

PLAT'EN, noun [from its flatness.] Among printers, the flat part of a press by which the impression is made.

Platey

PLA'TEY, adjective Like a plate; flat.

Gregory.

Platform

PLAT'FORM, noun [plat, flat, and form.] The sketch of any thing horizontally delineated; the ichnography.

Sandys.

2. A place laid out after any model.

Pope.

3. In the military art, an elevation of earth or a floor of wood or stone, on which cannons are mounted to fire on an enemy.

Encyc.

4. In architecture, a row of beams or a piece of timber which supports the timber-work of a roof, and lying on the top of the wall.

Encyc.

This in New England is called the plate.

5. A kind of terrace or broad smooth open walk on the top of a building, as in the oriental houses.

Encyc.

6. In ships, the orlop. [See Orlop.]

7. Any number of planks or other materials forming a floor for any purpose.

Mar. Dict.

8. A plan; a scheme; ground-work.

Bacon.

9. In some of the New England states, an ecclesiastical constitution, or a plan for the government of churches; as the Cambridge or Saybrook platform.

Platic aspect, in astrology, a ray cast from one planet to another, not exactly, but within the orbit of its own light.

Bailey.

Platina

PLATI'NA, or PLATI'NUM, noun [Spanish platina, from plata, silver.]

A metal discovered in the mines of Choco in Peru, nearly of the color of silver, but less bright, and the heaviest of the metals. Its specific gravity is to that of water as 23 to 1. It is harder than iron, undergoes no alteration in air, resists the action of acids and alkalies, is very ductile and capable of being rolled into thin plates.

Encyc.

Plating

PLA'TING, participle of the present tense Overlaying with plate or with a metal; beating into thin lamens.

Plating

PLA'TING, noun The art or operation of covering any thing with plate or with a metal, particularly of overlaying a baser metal with a thin plate of silver. The coating of silver is soddered to the metal with tin or a mixture of three parts of silver with one of brass.

Platiniferous

PLATINIF'EROUS, adjective [platina and fero, to produce.]

Producing platina; as platiniferous sand.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Platonic

PLATON'IC, adjective Pertaining to Plato the philosopher, or to his philosophy, his school or his opinions.

Platonic love, is a pure spiritual affection subsisting between the sexes, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excellencies; a species of love for which Plato was a warm advocate.

Platonic year, the great year, or a period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect to the equinoxes. This revolution, which is calculated by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 25,000 years.

Encyc.

Platonically

PLATON'ICALLY, adverb After the manner of Plato.

Wotton.

Platonism

PLA'TONISM, noun The philosophy of Plato, consisting of three branches, theology, physics and mathematics. Under theology is included moral philosophy. The foundation of Plato's theology is the opinion that there are two eternal, primary, independent and incorruptible principles or causes of all things, which are God, the maker of all things, and matter, from which all things are made. It was a fundamental maxim with him that from nothing, nothing can proceed. While therefore he held God to be the maker of the universe, he held matter, the substance of which the universe was made, to be eternal.

Enfield.

Platonist

PLA'TONIST, or PLA'TONIZER, noun One that adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato.

Hammond.

Platonize

PLA'TONIZE, verb intransitive To adopt the opinions or philosophy of Plato.

Milner.

Platonize

PLA'TONIZE, verb transitive To explain on the principles of the Platonic school, or to accommodate to those principles.

Enfield.

Platonized

PLA'TONIZED, participle passive Accommodated to the philosophy of Plato.

Enfield.

Platonizing

PLA'TONIZING, participle of the present tense Adopting the principles of Plato; accommodating to the principles of the Platonic school.

Enfield.

Platoon

PLATOON', noun [French peloton, a ball of thread, a knot of men, from pelote, a ball; Spanish peloton. See Ball.]

A small square body of soldiers or musketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot when they form a hollow square, to strengthen the angles; or a small body acting together, but separate from the main body; as, to fire by platoons.

Platter

PLAT'TER, noun [from plate.] A large shallow dish for holding the provisions of a table.

Dryden.

2. One that plats or forms by weaving. [See Plat.]

Platter-Faced

PLAT'TER-FACED, adjective Having a broad face.

Platting

PLAT'TING, participle of the present tense Weaving; forming by texture.

Platypus

PLAT'YPUS, noun A quadruped of New Holland, whose jaws are elongated into the shape of a duck's bill. The body is covered with thick hair and the feet are webbed.

This animal has been arranged with the Mammalia, but it is now presumed to be oviparous; at least its breasts have not hitherto been observed.

Ed. Encyc. Cuvier.

Plaudit

PLAUD'IT, noun [Latin plaudo, to praise, said to be taken from plaudite, a demand of applause by players when they left the stage.]

Applause; praise bestowed.

Denham.

Plausibility

PLAUSIBIL'ITY, noun s as z. [See Plausible.]

Speciousness; superficial appearance of right.

Swift.

Plausible

PLAUS'IBLE, adjective s as z. [Latin plausibilis, from plaudo, to clap hands in token of approbation; Welsh bloez, an outcry; bloeziaw, to shout; blozest, applause, acclamation; Irish bladh, blaodh; from the root of Greek, Latin laus, laudo, loud.]

1. That may be applauded; that may gain favor or approbation; hence, superficially pleasing; apparently right; specious; popular; as a plausible argument; a plausible pretext; a plausible doctrine.

2. Using specious arguments or discourse; as a plausible man.

Plausibleness

PLAUS'IBLENESS, noun Speciousness; show of right or propriety; as the plausibleness of Arminianism.

Sanderson.

Plausibly

PLAUS'IBLY, adverb With fair show; speciously; in a manner adapted to gain favor or approbation.

They could talk plausibly about what they did not understand.

Collier.

Plausive

PLAUS'IVE, adjective Applauding; manifesting praise.

2. Plausible.

Shak.

Play

PLAY, verb intransitive [Saxon plegan, plegian, to play, to joke, to perform on an instrument of music, to move or vibrate, to clap or applaud, to deride or make sport of; plegan, to ply or bend to, or to lean or lie on; ge-ploegan, to play, and to dance or leap. The Swedish leka, Danish leger, to play, are the same word without a prefix, and in the northern counties of England, leka is used as it is in Sweden. This word seems to be formed on the same root as lay.]

1. To use any exercise for pleasure or recreation; to do something not as a task or for profit, but for amusement; as, to play at cricket.

The people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play. Exodus 32.

2. To sport; to frolick; to frisk.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day,

Had he thy reason, would he skip and play?

Pope.

3. To toy; to act with levity.

Milton.

4. To trifle; to act wantonly and thoughtlessly.

Men are apt to play with their healths and their lives as they do with their clothes.

Temple.

5. To do something fanciful; to give a fanciful turn to; as, to play upon words.

Shak.

6. To make sport, or practice sarcastic meriment.

I would make use of it rather to play upon those I despise, than trifle with those I love.

Pope.

7. To mock; to practice illusion.

Art thou alive,

Or is it fancy plays upon our eyesight?

Shak.

8. To contend in a game; as, to play at cards or dice; to play for diversion; to play for money.

9. To practice a trick or deception.

His mother played false with a smith.

Shak.

10. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute, a violin or a harpsichord.

Play, my friend, and charm the charmer.

Granville.

11. To move, or to move with alternate dilatation and contraction.

The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play.

Cheyne.

12. To operate; to act. The engines play against a fire.

Dryden.

13. To move irregularly; to wanton.

Ev'n as the waving sedges play with wind.

Shak.

The setting sun

Plays on their shining arms and burnish'd helmets.

Addison.

All fame is foreign, but of true desert,

Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart.

Pope.

14. To act a part on the stage; to personate a character.

A lord will hear you play to-night.

Shak.

15. To represent a standing character.

Courts are theaters where some men play.

Donne.

16. To act in any particular character; as, to play the fool; to play the woman; to play the man.

Shak.

17. To move in any manner; to move one way and another; as any part of a machine.

Play

PLAY, verb transitive To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon or a fire-engine.

2. To use an instrument of music; as, to play the flute or the organ. [Elliptical.]

Gay.

3. To act a sportive part or character.

Nature here

Wanton'd as in her prime, and play'd at will

Her virgin fancies.

Milton.

4. To act or perform by representing a character; as, to play a comedy; to play the part of king Lear.

5. To act; to perform; as, to play our parts well on the stage of life.

6. To perform in contest for amusement or for a prize; as, to play a game at whist.

To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks.

To play on or upon, to deceive; to mock or to trifle with.

2. To give a fanciful turn to.

Play

PLAY, noun Any exercise or series of actions intended for pleasure, amusement or diversion, as at cricket or quoit, or at blind man's buff.

2. Amusement; sport; frolick; gambols.

Spenser.

Two gentle fawns at play.

Milton.

3. Game; gaming; practice of contending for victory, for amusement or for a prize, as at dice, cards or billiards.

4. Practice in any contest; as sword-play.

He was resolved not to speak distinctly, knowing his best play to be in the dark.

Tillotson.

John naturally loved rough play.

Arbuthnot.

5. Action; use; employment; office.

Ã‚--But justifies the next who comes in play.

Dryden.

6. Practice; action; manner of acting in contest or negotiation; as fair play; foul play.

7. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action.

A play ought to be a just image of human nature.

Dryden.

8. Representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, to be at the play. He attends every play.

9. Performance on an instrument of music.

10. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as the play of a wheel or piston.

11. State of agitation or discussion.

Many have been sav'd, and many may,

Who never heard this question brought in play.

Dryden.

12. Room for motion.

The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play between them.

Moxon.

13. Liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full play to mirth. Let the genius have free play.

Playbill

PLA'YBILL, noun A printed advertisement of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.

Playbook

PLA'YBOOK, noun A book of dramatic compositions.

Play-Day

PLA'Y-DAY, or PLA'YING-DAY, noun A day given to play or diversion; a day exempt from work.

Swift.

Playdebt

PLA'YDEBT, noun A debt contracted by gaming.

Arbuthnot.

Played

PLA'YED, participle passive Acted; performed; put in motion.

Player

PLA'YER, noun One who plays in any game or sport.

2. An idler.

Shak.

3. An actor of dramatic scenes; one whose occupation is to imitate characters on the stage.

Bacon.

4. A mimic.

Dryden.

5. One who performs on an instrument of music.

6. A gamester.

7. One that acts a part in a certain manner.

Carew.

Playfelllow

PLA'YFELLLOW, noun A companion in amusements or sports.

Sidney.

Playful

PLA'YFUL, adjective Sportive; given to levity; as a playful child.

Spectator.

2. Indulging a sportive fancy; as a playful genius.

Playfully

PLA'YFULLY, adverb In a sportive manner.

Playfulness

PLA'YFULNESS, noun Sportiveness.

Playgame

PLA'YGAME, noun Play of children.

Locke.

Playhouse

PLA'YHOUSE, noun A house appropriated to the exhibition of dramatic compositions; a theater.

Pope. Dryden.

Playmate

PLA'YMATE, noun A playfellow; a companion in diversions.

More.

Play-Pleasure

PLA'Y-PLEASURE, noun Idle amusement. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Playsome

PLA'YSOME, adjective Playful; wanton.

Shelton.

Playsomeness

PLA'YSOMENESS, noun Playfulness; wantonness.

Plaything

PLA'YTHING, noun A toy; any thing that serves to amuse.

A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little more advanced age.

Locke.

Playwright

PLA'YWRIGHT, noun A maker of plays.

Pope.

Plea

PLEA, noun [Norm. plait, plet, plaid, ple; plu. pliz, pleytz; French plaider, to plead; plaidoyer, a plea; Italian piato, a plea; piatire, to plead; Spanish pleyto, dispute; pleytear, to plead; pleyteador, a pleader; Portugese pleito, pleitear; Dutch pleit, pleiten. The Spanish word pleyto signifies a dispute, contest, debate, lawsuit, and a covenant, contract or bargain, and pleyta is a plaited strand of brass. The Portuguese verb pleitear signifies to plead, to go to law, to strive or vie. The elements of this word are probably Ld or Pld. In the sense of pleading, the word accords with the Greek, and in that of striving, with the Latin lis, litis.]

1. In law, that which is alledged by a party in support of his demand; but in a more limited and technical sense, the answer of the defendant to the plaintif's declaration and demand. That which the plaintif alledges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. Pleas are dilatory, or pleas to the action. Dilatory pleas, are to the jurisdiction of the court, to the disability of the plaintif, or in abatement. Pleas to the action are an answer to the merits of the complaint, which confesses or denies it. Pleas that deny the plaintif's complaint or demand, are the general issue, which denies the whole declaration; or special pleas in bar, which state something which precludes the plaintif's right of recovery.

2. A cause in court; a lawsuit, or a criminal process; as the pleas of the crown; the court of common pleas.

The supreme judicial court shall have cognizance of pleas real, personal and mixed.

Laws of Mass.

3. That which is alledged in defense or justification; an excuse; an apology; as the tyrant's plea.

When such occasions are,

No plea must serve; 'tis cruelty to spare.

Denham.

4. Urgent prayer or entreaty.

Pleach

PLEACH, verb transitive [French plisser, or from the root of Latin plico, Greek.] To bend; to interweave. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Plead

PLEAD, verb intransitive [See Plea.] In a general sense, to argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of another.

2. In law, to present an answer to the declaration of a plaintif; to deny the plaintif's declaration and demand, or to alledge facts which show that he ought not to recover in the suit. The plaintif declares or alledges; the defendant pleads to his declaration. The king or the state prosecutes an offender, and the offender pleads not guilty, or confesses the charge.

3. To urge reasons for or against; to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication; as, to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead in his favor; to plead with a judge or with a father.

O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his neighbor! Job 16.

4. To supplicate with earnestness.

5. To urge; to press by operating on the passions.

Since you can love, and yet your error see, The same resistless power may plead for me.

Dryden.

Plead

PLEAD, verb transitive To discuss, defend and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons offered to the tribunal or person who has the power of determining; as, to plead a cause before a court or jury. In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers.

2. To alledge or adduce in proof, support or vindication. The law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights of embassadors.

3. To offer in excuse.

I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of faults.

Dryden.

4. To alledge and offer in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a demand in law; as, to plead usury; to plead a statute of limitations.

Chaldee Kent.

5. In Scripture, to plead the cause of the righteous, as God, is to avenge or vindicate them against enemies, or to redress their grievances. Isaiah 51.

Pleadable

PLE'ADABLE, adjective That may be pleaded; that may be alledged in proof, defense or vindication; as a right or privilege pleadable at law.

Dryden.

Pleaded

PLE'ADED, participle passive Offered or urged in defense; alledged in proof or support.

Pleader

PLE'ADER, noun [French plaideur.] One who argues in a court of justice.

Swift.

2. One that forms pleas or pleadings; as a special pleader.

3. One that offers reasons for or against; one that attempts to maintain by arguments.

So fair a pleader any cause may gain.

Dryden.

Pleading

PLE'ADING, participle of the present tense Offering in defense; supporting by arguments or reasons; supplicating.

Pleading

PLE'ADING, noun The art of supporting by arguments, or of reasoning to persuade.

Pleadings

PLE'ADINGS, noun In law, the mutual altercations between the plaintif and defendant, or written statements of the parties in support of their claims, comprehending the declaration, count or narration of the plaintif, the plea of the defendant in reply, the replication of the plaintif to the defendant's plea, the defendant's rejoinder, the plaintif's sur-rejoinder, the defendant's rebutter, the plaintif's sur-rebutter, &c. till the question is brought to issue, that is, to rest on a single point.

Pleasance

PLEASANCE, noun plez'ance. [French plaisance. See Please.] Gayety; pleasantry; merriment. Obs.

Spenser. Shak.

Pleasant

PLEASANT, adjective plez'ant. [French plaisant. See Please.]

1. Pleasing; agreeable; grateful to the mind or to the senses; as a pleasant ride; a pleasant voyage; a pleasant view. Light is pleasant to the eye; an orange is pleasant to the taste; harmony is pleasant to the ear; a rose is pleasant to the smell.

How good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! Psalm 133.

2. Cheerful; enlivening; as pleasant society or company.

3. Gay; lively; humorous; sportive; as a pleasant companion.

4. Trifling; adapted rather to mirth than use.

Locke.

5. Giving pleasure; gratifying.

This word expresses less than delightful, to the mind, and delicious, to the taste.

Pleasantly

PLEASANTLY, adverb plez'antly. In such a manner as to please or gratify.

2. Gayly; merrily; in good humor.

Clarendon.

3. Lightly; ludicrously.

Broome.

Pleasantness

PLEASANTNESS, noun plez'antness. State of being pleasant or agreeable; as the pleasantness of a situation.

Sidney.

2. Cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; as the pleasantness of youth.

Pleasantry

PLEASANTRY, noun plez'antry. [French plaisanterie.] Gayety; merriment.

The harshness of reasoning is not a little softened and smoothed by the infusions of mirth and pleasantry.

Addison.

2. Sprightly saying; lively talk; effusion of humor.

The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points of wit.

Addison.

Please

PLEASE, verb transitive s as z. [French plaire, plaisant, from Latin placere, placeo; Armoric pligea, pligeout; Italian piacere; Spanish placer; Cornish plezia; formed perhaps on the root of like. Class Lg.]

1. To excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to gratify; as, to please the taste; to please the mind.

Their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem, Hamor's son. Genesis 34.

Leave such to trifle with more grace than ease,

Whom folly pleases, and whose follies please.

Pope.

2. To satisfy; to content.

What next I bring shall please

Thy wish exactly to thy heart's desire.

Milton.

3. To prefer; to have satisfaction in; to like; to choose.

Many of our most skilful painters were pleased to recommend this author to me.

Dryden.

To be pleased in or with, to approve; to have complacency in. Matthew 3.

To please God, is to love his character and law and perform his will, so as to become the object of his approbation.

They that are in the flesh cannot please God. Romans 8.

Please

PLEASE, verb intransitive s as z. To like; to choose; to prefer.

Spirits, freed from mortal laws, with ease

Assume what sexes and what shapes they please.

Pope.

2. To condescend; to comply; to be pleased; a word of ceremony.

Please you, lords,

In sight of both our battles we may meet.

Shak.

The first words that I learnt were, to express my desire that he would please to give me my liberty.

Swift.

Please expresses less gratification than delight.

Pleased

PLE'ASED, participle passive Gratified; affected with agreeable sensations or emotions.

Pleaseman

PLE'ASEMAN, noun An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank.

Shak.

Pleaser

PLE'ASER, noun One that pleases or gratifies; one that courts favor by humoring or flattering compliances or a show of obedience; as men-pleasers. Ephesians 6. Colossians 3.

Pleasing

PLE'ASING, participle of the present tense Gratifying; exciting agreeable sensations or emotions in.

Pleasing

PLE'ASING, adjective Giving pleasure or satisfaction; agreeable to the senses or to the mind; as a pleasing prospect; a pleasing reflection; pleasing manners.

2. Gaining approbation. 1 John 3.

Pleasing

PLE'ASING, noun The act of gratifying.

Pleasingly

PLE'ASINGLY, adverb In such a manner as to give pleasure.

Dryden.

Pleasingness

PLE'ASINGNESS, noun The quality of giving pleasure.

Pleasurable

PLEASURABLE, adjective plezh'urable. [from pleasure.]

Pleasing; giving pleasure; affording gratification.

Planting of orchards is very profitable as well as pleasurable.

Bacon.

Pleasurably

PLEAS'URABLY, adverb With pleasure; with gratification of the senses or the mind.

Harris.

Pleasurableness

PLEAS'URABLENESS, noun The quality of giving pleasure.

Feltham.

Pleasure

PLEASURE, noun plezh'ur. [French plaisir; Armoric pligeadur; Italian piacere; Spanish placer; Portugese prazer. See Please.]

1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish or happiness produced by enjoyment or the expectation of of good; opposed to pain. We receive pleasure from the indulgence of appetite; from the view of a beautifullandscape; from the harmony of sounds; from agreeable society; from the expectation of seeing an absent friend; from the prospect of gain or success of any kind. Pleasure, bodily and mental, carnal and spiritual, constitutes the whole of positive happiness, as pain constitutes the whole of misery.

Pleasure is properly positive excitement of the passions or the mind; but we give the name also to the absence of excitement, when that excitement is painful; as when we cease to labor, or repose after fatigue, or when the mind is tranquilized after anxiety or agitation.

Pleasure is susceptible of increase to any degree; but the word when unqualified, expresses less excitement or happiness than delight or joy.

2. Sensual or sexual gratification.

3. Approbation.

The Lord taketh pleasure in his people. Psalm 147 and 149.

4. What the will dictates or prefers; will; choice; purpose; intention; command; as, use your pleasure.

Shak.

Cyrus, he is my shepherd and shall perform all my pleasure. Isaiah 44.

My counsel shall stand and I will do all my pleasure. Isaiah 46.

5. A favor; that which pleases.

Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul. Acts 25.

6. Arbitrary will or choice. He can vary his scheme at pleasure.

Pleasure

PLEAS'URE, v. t. plezh'ur. To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. [A word authorized by some good writers, but superfluous and not much used.]

Bacon. Shak.

Pleasure-Boat

PLEAS'URE-BOAT, noun A boat appropriated to sailing for amusement.

Pleasure-Carriage

PLEAS'URE-CARRIAGE, noun A carriage for pleasure.

Pleasureful

PLEAS'UREFUL, adjective Pleasant; agreeable. [Little used.]

Abbot.

Pleasure-Ground

PLEAS'URE-GROUND, noun Ground laid out in an ornamental manner and appropriated to pleasure or amusement.

Graves.

Pleasurist

PLEAS'URIST, noun A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [Little used.]

Brown.

Plebeian

PLEBE'IAN, adjective [Italian plebeio; Spanish plebeyo; Latin plebeius, from plebs, the common people.]

1. Pertaining to the common people; vulgar; as plebeian minds; plebeian sports.

2. Consisting of common people; as a plebeian throng.

Plebeian

PLEBE'IAN, noun One of the common people or lower ranks of men. [Usually applied to the common people of ancient Rome.]

Swift.

Plebeiance

PLEBE'IANCE, noun The common people. [Not in use.]

Pledge

PLEDGE, noun [French pleige; Italian pieggeria; Norm. plegg. This is evidently the Celtic form of the Teutonic plight, Saxon pliht, plihtan. See Plight. It coincides with Latin plico, Greek, Welsh plygu, to fold, properly to lay to, to put or throw to or on. A pledge is that which is laid or deposited.]

1. Something put in pawn; that which is deposited with another as security for the repayment of money borrowed, or for the performance of some agreement or obligation; a pawn. A borrows ten pounds of B, and deposits his watch as a pledge that the money shall be repaid; and by repayment of the money, A redeems the pledge.

2. Any thing given or considered as a security for the performance of an act. Thus a man gives his word or makes a promise to another, which is received as a pledge for fulfillment. The mutual affection of husband and wife is a pledge for the faithful performance of the marriage covenant. Mutual interest is the best pledge for the performance of treaties.

3. A surety; a hostage.

Raleigh. Dryden.

4. In law, a gage or security real or personal, given for the repayment of money. It is of two kinds; vadium vivum, a living pledge, as when a man borrows money and grants an estate to be held by the pledgee, till the rents and profits shall refund the money, in which case the land or pledge is said to be living; or it is vadium mortuum, a dead pledge, called a mortgage. [See Mortgage.]

Blackstone.

5. In law, bail; surety given for the prosecution of a suit, or for the appearance of a defendant, or for restoring goods taken in distress and replevied. The distress itself is also called a pledge, and the glove formerly thrown down by a champion in trial by battel, was a pledge by which the champion stipulated to encounter his antagonist in that trial.

Blackstone.

6. A warrant to secure a person from injury in drinking.

To put in pledge, to pawn.

To hold in pledge, to keep as security.

Pledge

PLEDGE, verb transitive [French pleiger. See Plight.]

1. To deposit in pawn; to deposit or leave in possession of a person something which is to secure the repayment of money borrowed, or the performance of some act. [This word is applied chiefly to the depositing of goods or personal property. When real estate is given as security we usually apply the word mortgage.]

2. To give as a warrant or security; as, to pledge one's word or honor; to pledge one's veracity.

3. To secure by a pledge.

I accept her,

And here to pledge my vow I give my hand. [Unusual.]

Shak.

4. To invite to drink by accepting the cup or health after another. Johnson. Or to warrant or be surety for a person that he shall receive no harm while drinking, or from the draught; a practice which originated among our ancestors in their rude state, and which was intended to secure the person from being stabbed while drinking, or from being poisoned by the liquor. In the first case, a by-stander pledges the person drinking; in the latter, the person drinking pledges his guest by drinking first, and then handing the cup to his guest. The latter practice is frequent among the common people in America to this day; the owner of the liquor taking the cup says to his friend, I pledge you, and drinks, then hands the cup to his guest; a remarkable instance of the power of habit, as the reason of the custom has long since ceased.

Pledged

PLEDG'ED, participle passive Deposited as security; given in warrant.

Pledgee

PLEDGEE', noun The person to whom any thing is pledged.

Pledger

PLEDG'ER, noun One that pledges or pawns any thing; one that warrants or secures. [Pledgor, in Blackstone, is not to be countenanced.]

2. One that accepts the invitation to drink after another, or that secures another by drinking.

Pledgery

PLEDG'ERY, noun A pledging; suretiship. [Not in use.]

Encyc.

Pledget

PLEDG'ET, noun [from folding or laying.] In surgery, a compress or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the matter discharged and keep it clean.

Encyc.

Pledging

PLEDG'ING, participle of the present tense Depositing in pawn or as security; giving warrant for security or safety.

Pleiads

PLEIADS, n. ple'yads. [Latin Pleiades; Greek, supposed to be formed from, to sail, as the rising of the seven stars indicated the time of safe navigation.]

In astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus. The Latins called them Vergilioe, from ver, spring, because of their rising about the vernal equinox.

Encyc. Ainsworth.

Plenal

PLE'NAL, adjective [See Plenary.] Full. [Not used.]

Beaumont.

Plenarily

PLE'NARILY, adverb [from plenary.] Fully; completely.

Ayliffe.

Plenariness

PLE'NARINESS, noun Fullness; completeness.

Plenarty

PLEN'ARTY, noun The state of a benefice when occupied.

Blackstone.

Plenary

PLE'NARY, adjective [Latin plenus; French plein; Italian plenario, pieno; Spanish pleno, lleno; Welsh llawn; Irish lain, lan; Armoric leun. The Russian has polnei and polon, full, and with a prefix, napolniayu, to fill. Qu. the radical letters, and the identity of the Russian with the others.]

Full; entire; complete; as a plenary license; plenary consent; plenary indulgence. The plenary indulgence of the pope is an entire remission of penalties due to all sins.

Encyc.

Plenary

PLE'NARY, noun Decisive procedure. [Not used.]

Ayliffe.

Plenilunary

PLENILU'NARY, adjective Relating to the full moon.

Brown.

Plenilune

PLEN'ILUNE, noun [Latin plenilunium; plenus, full, and luna, moon.] The full moon. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Plenipotence

PLENIP'OTENCE, noun [Latin plenus, full, and potentia, power.] Fullness or completeness of power.

Milton.

Plenipotent

PLENIP'OTENT, adjective [Latin plenipotens, supra.] Possessing full power.

Milton.

Plenipotentiary

PLENIPOTEN'TIARY, noun [French plenipotentiaire. See Plenipotence.]

A person invested with full power to transact any business; usually, an embassador or envoy to a foreign court, furnished with full power to negotiate a treaty or to transact other business.

Plenipotentiary

PLENIPOTEN'TIARY, adjective Containing full power; as plenipotentiary license or authority.

Plenish

PLENISH, for replenish, not used.

Plenist

PLE'NIST, noun [Latin plenus.] One who maintains that all space is full of matter.

Boyle.

Plenitude

PLEN'ITUDE, noun [Latin plenitudo, from plenus, full.] Fullness; as the plenitude of space.

Bentley.

2. Repletion; animal fullness; plethora; redundancy of blood and humors in the animal body.

Encyc.

3. Fullness; complete competence; as the plenitude of the pope's power.

Bacon.

4. Completeness; as the plenitude of a man's fame.

Prior.

Plenteous

PLEN'TEOUS, adjective [from plenty.] Abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as a plenteous supply of provisions; a plenteous crop.

Milton.

2. Yielding abundance; as a plenteous fountain.

The seven plenteous years. Genesis 41.

3. Having an abundance.

The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deuteronomy 28.

4. Possessing in abundance and ready to be stow liberally. Psalm 86.

[This word is less used than plentiful.]

Plenteously

PLEN'TEOUSLY, adverb In abundance; copiously; plentifully.

Milton.

Plenteousness

PLEN'TEOUSNESS, noun Abundance; copious supply; plenty; as the seven years of plenteousness in Egypt.

Plentiful

PLEN'TIFUL, adjective [from plenty.] Copious; abundant; adequate to every purpose; as a plentiful crop of grain; a plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of water; a plentiful fortune.

2. Yielding abundant crops; affording ample supply; fruitful; as a plentiful year.

Bacon.

Plentifully

PLEN'TIFULLY, adverb Copiously; abundantly; with ample supply.

Addison.

Plentifulness

PLEN'TIFULNESS, noun The state of being plentiful; abundance.

2. The quality of affording full supply.

Plenty

PLEN'TY, noun [from Latin plenus.] Abundance; copiousness; full or adequate supply; as, we have a plenty of corn for bread; the garrison has a plenty of provisions. Its application to persons, as a plenty of buyers or sellers, is inelegant.

2. Fruitfulness; a poetic use.

The teeming clouds

Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world.

Thomson.

Plenty

PLEN'TY, adjective Plentiful; being in abundance.

Where water is plentyÃ‚--

Tusser.

If reasons were as plenty as blackberries.

Shak.

In every country where liquors are plenty.

Hist. Collections.

The common sorts of fowls and the several gallinaceous species are plenty.

Tooke, Russian Emp.

A variety of other herbs and roots which are plenty.

Adair.

They seem formed for those countries where shrubs are plenty and water scarce.

Goldsmith.

When laborers are plenty, their wages will be low.

Franklin.

In the country, where wood is more plenty, they make their beams stronger.

Encyc.

[The use of this word as an adjective seems too well authorized to be rejected. It is universal in common parlance in the United States.]

Plenum

PLE'NUM, noun [Latin] Fullness of matter in space.

Descartes.

Pleonasm

PLE'ONASM, noun [Latin pleonasmus; Greek, from the root of, full, more, Latin pleo, in impleo, to fill.]

Redundancy of words in speaking or writing; the use of more words to express ideas, than are necessary. This may be justifiable when we intend to present thoughts with particular perspicuity or force.

Pleonaste

PLE'ONASTE, noun [Greek, abundant; from its four facets, sometimes found on each solid angle of the octahedron.]

A mineral, commonly considered as a variety of the spinelle ruby. [See Ceylonite.]

Pleonastic

PLEONAS'TIC, or PLEONAS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to pleonasm; partaking of pleonasm; redundant.

Blackwall.

Pleonastically

PLEONAS'TICALLY, adverb With redundancy of words.

Plerophory

PLEROPH'ORY, noun [Greek; full, and, to bear.]

Full persuasion or confidence. [Little used.]

Hall.

Plesh

PLESH, for plash, not used.

Spenser.

Plethora

PLETH'ORA, noun [Greek, from, fullness.] Literally, fullness.

In medicine, fullness of blood; excess of blood; repletion; the state of the vessels of the human body, when they are too full or overloaded with fluids.

Coxe. Parr. Encyc.

Plethoric

PLETH'ORIC, adjective Having a full habit of body, or the vessels overcharged with fluids.

Arbuthnot.

Plethory

PLETH'ORY. [See Plethora.]

Plethron

PLETH'RON, or PLETH'RUM, noun [Greek.] A square measure used in Greece, but the coutents are not certainly known. Some authors suppose it to correspond with the Roman juger, or 240 feet; others alledge it to be double the Egyptian aroura, which was the square of a hundred cubits.

Pleura

PLEU'RA, noun [Greek the side.] In anatomy, a thin membrane which covers the inside of the thorax.

Pleurisy

PLEU'RISY, noun [Greek, from, the side; French pleuresie; Italian pleurisia.]

An inflammation of the pleura or membrane that covers the inside of the thorax. It is accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration and cough. The usual remedies are venesection, other evacuations, diluents, &c.

Encyc.

Pleuritic

PLEURIT'IC, or PLEURIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to pleurisy; as pleuritic symptoms or affections.

2. Diseased with pleurisy.

Arbuthnot.

Plevin

PLEV'IN, noun [Old French] A warrant of assurance. Obs.

Plexiform

PLEX'IFORM, adjective [Latin plexus, a fold, and form.]

In the form of net-work; complicated.

Quincy.

Plexus

PLEX'US, noun [Latin] Any union of vessels, nerves or fibers, in the form of net-work.

Coxe.

Pliability

PLIABIL'ITY, noun [from pliable.] The quality of bending or yielding to pressure or force without rupture; flexibility; pliableness.

Pliable

PLI'ABLE, adjective [French from plier, to bend, to fold; Latin plico, Greek, Welsh plygu, Italian piegare, to fold; pieghevole, pliable.]

1. Easy to be bent; that readily yields to pressure without rupture; flexible; as, willow is a pliable plant.

2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to moral influence, arguments, persuasion or discipline; as a pliable youth.

Pliableness

PLI'ABLENESS, noun Flexibility; the quality of yielding to force or to moral influence; pliability; as the pliableness of a plant or of the disposition.

Hammond.

Pliancy

PLI'ANCY, noun [from pliant.] Easiness to be bent; in a physical sense; as the pliancy of a rod, of cordage or of limbs.

Addison.

2. Readiness to yield to moral influence; as pliancy of temper.

Pliant

PLI'ANT, adjective [French] That may be easily bent; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking; flexible; flexile; lithe; limber; as a pliant thread.

Spectator.

2. That may be easily formed or molded to a different shape; as pliant wax.

3. Easily yielding to moral influence; easy to be persuaded; ductile.

The will was then more ductile and pliant to right reason.

South.

Pliantness

PLI'ANTNESS, noun Flexibility.

Bacon.

Plica

PLI'CA, noun [Latin a fold.] The plica polonica is a disease of the hair, peculiar to Poland and the neighboring countries. In this disease, the hair of the head is matted or clotted by means of an acrid viscid humor which exsudes from the hair.

Coxe.

Plicate

PLI'CATE, or PLI'CATED, adjective [Latin plicatus, plico, to fold.] Plaited; folded like a fan; as a plicate leaf.

Lee. Martyn.

Plication

PLICA'TION, noun [from Latin plico.] A folding or fold.

Plicature

PLIC'ATURE, noun [Latin plicatura; plico, to fold.] A fold; a doubling.

Pliers

PLI'ERS, noun plu. [French plier, to fold. See Ply.]

An instrument by which any small thing is seized and bent.

Moxon.

Pliform

PLI'FORM, adjective [French pli, a fold, and form.] In the form of a fold or doubling.

Pennant.

Plight

PLIGHT, verb transitive plite. [Saxon plihtan, to pledge, and to expose to danger or rather perhaps to perplexity; Swedish beplichta, to bind; Dutch pligt, duty, mortgage; German pflicht, duty, pledge; Danish pligt, duty, obligation; pligtig, bound, obliged; Swedish plicht. This seems to be the Teutonic form of the Celtic pledge, French pleige, pleiger, Latin plico, Greek, Italian piegare, Spanish plegar, French plier, Armoric plega, Welsh plygu, to fold; Spanish pleyto, a covenant or contract; and the German flechten, to braid, coinciding with the Latin flecto, to bend, appears to be of the same family. If the elements are Lg, as I suspect, pledge and plight are formed on the root of lay, Armoric lacqaat. To pledge or plight is to lay down, throw down, set or deposit. Plight may however be more directly from the root of Latin ligo, but this is of the same family. See Alloy and Ply.]

1. To pledge; to give as security for the performance of some act; but never applied to property or goods. We say, he plighted his hand, his faith, his vows, his honor, his truth or troth. Pledge is applied to property as well as to word, faith, truth, honor, &c. To plight faith is, as it were, to deposit it in pledge for the performance of an act, on the non-performance of which, the pledge is forfeited.

2. To weave; to braid.

Spenser. Milton.

[This is the primary sense of the word, Latin plico, but now obsolete.]

Plight

PLIGHT, noun plite. Literally, a state of being involved, [Latin plicatus, implicatus, implicitus;] hence, perplexity, distress, or a distressed state or condition; as a miserable plight. But the word by itself does not ordinarily imply distress. Hence,

2. Condition; state; and sometimes good case; as, to keep cattle in plight.

In most cases, this word is now accompanied with an adjective which determines its signification; as bad plight; miserable or wretched plight; good plight.

3. Pledge; gage.

The Lord, whose hand must take my plight.

Shak.

4. A fold [Latin plica;] a double; a plait.

All in a silken Camus, lily white, Purfled upon with many a folded plight. Obs.

Spenser.

5. A garment. [Not used.]

Chapman.

Plighted

PLIGHTED, participle passive pli'ted. Pledged.

Plighter

PLIGHTER, noun pli'ter. One that pledges; that which plights.

Plighting

PLIGHTING, participle of the present tense pli'ting. Pledging.

Plim

PLIM, verb intransitive To swell. [Not in use.]

Grose.

Plinth

PLINTH, noun [Greek, a brick or tile; Latin plinthus.]

In architecture, a flat square member in form of a brick, which serves as the foundation of a column; being the flat square table under the molding of the base and pedestal, at the bottom of the order. Vitruvius gives the name to the abacus or upper part of the Tuscan order, from its resemblance to the plinth.

Plinth of a statue, is a base, flat, round or square.

Encyc.

Plinth of a wall, two or three rows of bricks advanced from the wall in form of a platband; and in general, any flat high molding that serves in a front wall to mark the floors, to sustain the eaves of a wall or the larmier of a chimney.

Encyc.

Plod

PLOD, verb intransitive [Dutch plots, dull, heavy. Qu.] To travel or work slowly or with steady laborious diligence.

A plodding diligence brings us sooner to our journey's end, than a fluttering way of advancing by starts.

L'Estrange.

Some stupid, plodding, money-loving wight.

Young.

2. To study heavily with steady diligence.

Shak. Swift.

3. To toil; to drudge.

Plodder

PLOD'DER, noun A dull, heavy, laborious person.

Shak.

Plodding

PLOD'DING, participle of the present tense Traveling or laboring with slow movement and steady diligence; studying closely but heavily.

2. adjective Industrious; diligent, but slow in contrivance or execution.

Plodding

PLOD'DING, noun Slow movement or study with steadiness or persevering industry.

Prideaux.

Plot

PLOT, noun [a different orthography of plat.]

1. A plat or small extent of ground; as a garden plot.

Locke.

It was a chosen plot of fertile land.

Spenser.

When we mean to build, We first survey the plot.

Shak.

2. A plantation laid out.

Sidney.

3. A plan or scheme. [Qu. the next word.]

Spenser.

4. In surveying, a plan or draught of a field, farm or manor surveyed and delineated on paper.

Plot

PLOT, verb transitive To make a plan of; to delineate.

Carew.

Plot

PLOT, noun [The French retain this word in the compounds complot, comploter; Armoric complod, complodi. It may be from the root of plait, to weave, Russian pletu, whence opletayu, to plait, to twist, to deceive; oplot, a hedge. See Plait.]

1. Any scheme, stratagem or plan of a complicated nature, or consisting of many parts, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a mischievous one. A plot may be formed by a single person or by numbers. In the latter case, it is a conspiracy or an intrigue. The latter word more generally denotes a scheme directed against individuals; the former against the government. But this distinction is not always observed.

O think what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots, and their last fatal periods!

Addison.

2. In dramatic writings, the knot or intrigue; the story of a play, comprising a complication of incidents which are at last unfolded by unexpected means.

If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from the subject, the winding up of the plot must be a probable consequence of all that went before.

Pope.

3. Contrivance; deep reach of thought; ability to plot.

A man of much plot.

Denham.

Plot

PLOT, verb intransitive To form a scheme of mischief against another, or against a government or those who administer it. A traitor plots against his king.

The wicked plotteth against the just. Psalm 37.

2. To contrive a plan; to scheme.

The prince did plot to be secretly gone.

Wotton.

Plot

PLOT, verb transitive To plan; to devise; to contrive; as, to plot an unprofitable crime.

Dryden.

Plotted

PLOT'TED, participle passive Contrived; planned.

Plotter

PLOT'TER, noun One that plots or contrives; a contriver.

Shak.

2. A conspirator.

Dryden.

Plotting

PLOT'TING, participle of the present tense Contriving; planning; forming an evil design.

Plough

PLOUGH. [See Plow.]

Plover

PLOV'ER, noun [French pluvier, the water bird, from Latin pluvialis, rainy; pluo, to rain.]

The common name of several species of birds that frequent the banks of rivers and the sea shore, belonging to the genus Charadrius.

Encyc.

Plow

PLOW, noun [Norm. Saxon ploge; Dutch ploeg; German pflug; Danish ploug, plov; Icelandic plog; Swedish id.; Russian plug; Polish, plug; Scot. pleuch, pleugh. It corresponds in elements with plug, and both perhaps from thrusting.]

1. In agriculture, an instrument for turning up, breaking and preparing the ground for receiving the seed. It is drawn by oxen or horses and saves the labor of digging; it is therefore the most useful instrument in agriculture.

The emperor lays hold of the plow and turns up several furrows.

Grosier, Trans.

Where fern succeeds, ungrateful to the plow.

Dryden.

2. Figuratively, tillage; culture of the earth; agriculture.

3. A joiner's instrument for grooving.

Plow

PLOW, verb transitive To trench and turn up with a plow; as, to plow the ground for wheat; to plow it into ridges.

2. To furrow; to divide; to run through in sailing.

With speed we plow the watery wave.

Pope.

3. To tear; to furrow.

Shak.

4. In Scripture, to labor in any calling.

He that ploweth should plow in hope. 1 Corinthians 9.

To plow on the back, to scourge; to mangle, or to persecute and torment. Psalm 129.

To plow with one's heifer, to deal with the wife to obtain something from the husband. Judges 14.

To plow iniquity or wickedness, and reap it, to devise and practice it, and at last suffer the punishment of it. Job 14. Hosea 10.

To plow iniquity or wickedness, and reap it, to devise and practice it, and at last suffer the punishment of it. Job 14. Hosea 10.

To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat.

To plow up or out, to turn out of the ground by plowing.

To put one's hand to the plow and look back, is to enter on the service of Christ and afterwards abandon it. Luke 9.

[The difference of orthography often made between the noun and verb is wholly unwarrantable, and contrary to settled analogy in our language. Such a difference is never made in changing into verbs, plot, harrow, notice, question, and most other words. See Practice.]

Plow-Alms

PLOW'-ALMS, noun A penny formerly paid by every plow-land to the church.

Cowel.

Plow-Bote

PLOW'-BOTE, noun In English law, wood or timber allowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry.

Plowboy

PLOW'BOY, noun A boy that drives or guides a team in plowing; a rustic boy.

Watts.

Plowed

PLOW'ED, participle passive Turned up with a plow; furrowed.

Plower

PLOW'ER, noun One that plows land; a cultivator.

Spenser.

Plowing

PLOW'ING, participle of the present tense Turning up with a plow; furrowing.

Plowing

PLOW'ING, noun The operation of turning up ground with a plow; as the first and second plowing; three plowings.

Plow-Land

PLOW'-LAND, noun Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.

Plowman

PLOW'MAN, noun One that plows or holds a plow.

At last the robber binds the plowman and carries him off with the oxen.

Spelman.

2. A cultivator of grain; a husbandman.

Temple.

3. A rustic; a countryman; a hardy laborer.

Shak. Arbuthnot.

Plow-Monday

PLOW'-MONDAY, noun The Monday after twelfth-day.

Tusser.

Plowshare

PLOW'SHARE, noun [See Shear.] The part of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice to the mold-board, which turns it over.

Pluck

PLUCK, verb transitive [Saxon pluccian, which seems to be the same word, with a prefix, as lycan or alucan, aluccan, to pull off or out; German pflÃƒ-¼cken; Dutch plukken; Danish plukker; Swedish plocka; French eplucher; Welsh pliciaw, to pluck, to peel; plig, a peel.]

1. To pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off, out or from, with a twitch. Thus we say, to pluck fethers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin; to pluck grapes or other fruit.

They pluck the fatherless from the breast. Job 24.

2. To strip by plucking; as, to pluck a fowl.

They that pass by do pluck her. Psalm 80.

The sense of this verb is modified by particles.

To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.

He shall pluck away his crop with his fethers. Leviticus 1.

To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; or to reduce to a lower state.

Shak.

To pluck off, is to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the skin. Micah 3.

To pluck on, to pull or draw on. Obs.

Shak.

To pluck up, to tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to pluck up a nation. Jeremiah 12.

To pluck out, to draw out suddenly or to tear out; as, to pluck out the eyes; to pluck out the hand from the bosom. Psalm 74.

To pluck up, to resume courage; properly, to pluck up the heart. [Not elegant.]

Knolles.

Pluck

PLUCK, noun The heart, liver and lights of an animal.

Plucked

PLUCK'ED, participle passive Pulled off; stripped of fethers or hair.

Plucker

PLUCK'ER, noun One that plucks.

Mortimer.

Plucking

PLUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Pulling off; stripping.

Plug

PLUG, noun [Dutch plug; Danish plyg; Swedish pligg; German pflock; Welsh ploc, a block; plociaw, to block, to plug. It seems to be the same word radically as block, Welsh lloc.]

A stopple; any piece of pointed wood or other substance used to stop a hole, but larger than a peg or spile.

Boyle. Swift.

Hawse-plug, in marine affairs, a plug to stop a hawse-hole.

Shot-plug, a plug to stop a breach made by a cannon ball in the side of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Plug

PLUG, verb transitive To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.

Plum

PLUM, noun [Saxon plume; German pflaume; Danish blomme; Swedish plommon; Cornish pluman; Irish pluma.]

1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Prunus. The fruit is a drupe, containing a nut or stone with prominent sutures and inclosing a kernel. The varieties of the plum are numerous and well known.

2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.

3. The sum of \cp\100,000 sterling.

London.

4. A kind of play.

Ainsworth.

[Dr. Johnson remarks that this word is often written improperly plumb. This is true, not only of this word, but of all words in which b follows m, as in thumb, dumb, &c.]

Plumage

PLU'MAGE, noun [French from plume.] The fethers that cover a fowl.

Smit with her varying plumage, spare the dove.

Pope.

Plumb

PLUMB, noun plum. [French plomb; Spanish plomo; Italian piombo; Welsh plwm; Latin plumbum, lead; probably a clump or lump.]

A mass of lead attached to a line, and used to ascertain a perpendicular position of buildings and the like. But the word as a noun is seldom used, except in composition. [See Plumb-line.]

Plumb

PLUMB, adjective Perpendicular, that is, standing according to a plumb-line. The post of the house or the wall is plumb. [This is the common language of our mechanics.]

Plumb

PLUMB, adverb In a perpendicular direction; in a line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. The wall stands plumb.

Plumb down he falls.

Milton.

2. Directly; suddenly; at once; as a falling mass; usually pronounced plump. He fell plumb into the water.

Plumb

PLUMB, verb transitive To adjust by a plumb-line; to set in a perpendicular direction; as, to plumb a building or a wall.

2. [Welsh plymiaw.] To sound with a plummet, as the depth of water. [Little used.]

Swift.

Plumbaginous

PLUMBAG'INOUS, adjective Resembling plumbago; consisting of plumbago, or partaking of its properties.

Plumbago

PLUMBA'GO, noun [Latin] A mineral consisting of carbon and iron; used for pencils, &c.

Plumbean

PLUM'BEAN, or PLUM'BEOUS, adjective Consisting of lead; resembling lead.

Ellis.

2. Dull; heavy; stupid.

J.P. Smith.

Plumbed

PLUMBED, participle passive plum'med. Adjusted by a plumb-line.

Plumber

PLUMBER, noun plum'mer. One who works in lead.

Plumbery

PLUMBERY, noun plum'mery. Works in lead; manufacturers of lead; the place where lead is wrought.

2. The art of casting and working lead, or of making sheets and pipes of lead.

Plumbiferous

PLUMBIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin plumbum, lead, and fero, to produce.] Producing lead.

Kirwan.

Plumb-Line

PLUMB-LINE, noun plum'-line. A line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; or a line directed to the center of gravity in the earth.

Plum-Cake

PLUM-CAKE, noun Cake containing raisins or currants.

Plume

PLUME, noun [French plume; Latin Spanish pluma; Italian piuma; Welsh plu, pluv.]

1. The fether of a fowl, particularly a large fether.

Shak.

2. A fether worn as an ornament, particularly an ostrich's fether.

And his high plume that nodded o'er his head.

Dryden.

3. Pride; towering mien.

Shak.

4. Token of honor; prize of contest.

Ambitious to win from me some plume.

Milton.

Plume

PLUME, or PLU'MULE, noun In botany, the ascending scaly part of the corculum or heart of a seed; the scaly part of the embryo plant within the seed, which rises and becomes the stem or body. It extends itself into the cavity of the lobes, and is terminated by a small branch resembling a fether, from which it derives its name.

Martyn. Milne.

Plume

PLUME, verb transitive To pick and adjust plumes or fethers.

Swans must be kept in some inclosed pond, where they may have room to come on shore and plume themselves.

Mortimer.

2. To strip of fethers. Carnivorous animals will not take pains to plume the birds they devour.

3. To strip; to peel.

Bacon.

4. To set as a plume; to set erect.

His stature reach'd the sky, and on his crest Sat honor plum'd

Milton.

5. To adorn with fethers or plumes.

Shak.

6. To pride; to value; to boast. He plumes himself on his skill or his prowess.

Plume-Alum

PLUME-AL'UM, noun A kind of asbestus.

Wilkins.

Plumeless

PLU'MELESS, adjective Without fethers or plumes.

Eusden.

Plumigerous

PLUMIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin pluma, a fether, and gero, to wear.]

Fethered; having fethers.

Dict.

Plumiped

PLU'MIPED, adjective [infra.] Having feet covered with fethers.

Plumiped

PLU'MIPED, noun [Latin pluma, fether, and pes, foot.]

A fowl that has fethers on its feet.

Dict.

Plummet

PLUM'MET, noun [Spanish plomada. See Plumb.]

1. A long piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water.

2. An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c. in adjusting erections to a perpendicular line, and with a square, to determine a horizontal line. It consists of a piece of lead fastened to a line.

3. Any weight.

Wilkins.

4. A piece of lead used by school boys to rule their paper for writing.

Plumming

PLUM'MING, noun Among miners, the operation of finding by means of a mine dial the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.

Encyc.

Plumose

PLU'MOSE, or PLU'MOUS, adjective [Latin plumosus.] Fethery; resembling fethers.

2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one that has hairs growing on the sides of the main bristle. Plumose pappus or down is a flying crown to some seeds, composed of fethery hairs.

Martyn.

Plumosity

PLUMOS'ITY, noun The state of having fethers.

Plump

PLUMP, adjective [Danish plomp, plump, blunt, unhandy, clownish, rude; Swedish plump; Dutch plomp; German plump. The primary sense seems to be thick, as if allied to lump and clump. See the Noun.]

1. Full; swelled with fat or flesh to the full size; fat; having a full skin; round; as a plump boy; a plump habit of body.

The famish'd crow grows plump and round.

Swift.

2. Full; blunt; unreserved; unqualified; as a plump lie.

Plump

PLUMP, noun A knot; a cluster; a clump; a number of things closely united or standing together; as a plump of trees; a plump of fowls; a plump of horsemen.

Bacon. Hayward. Dryden.

[This word is not now used in this sense, but the use of it formerly, is good evidence that plump is clump, with a different pre- fix, and both are radically one word with lump. Plumb, Latin plumbum, is the same word, a lump or mass.]

Plump

PLUMP, verb transitive [from the adjective.] To swell; to extend to fullness; to dilate; to fatten.

The particles of air expanding themselves, plump out the sides of the bladder.

Boyle.

A wedding at our house will plump me up with good cheer. [Colloquial.]

L'Estrange.

Plump

PLUMP, verb intransitive [from the noun; German plumpen, Dutch plompen, Danish plomper, to plunge.]

1. To plunge or fall like a heavy mass or lump of dead matter; to fall suddenly or at once.

2. To enlarge to fullness; to be swelled.

Ainsworth.

Plump

PLUMP, adverb Suddenly; heavily; at once, or with a sudden heavy fall.

B. Jonson.

Plumper

PLUMP'ER, noun Something carried in the mouth to dilate the cheeks; any thing intended to swell out something else.

Swift.

2. A full unqualified lie. [In vulgar use.]

Plumply

PLUMP'LY, adverb Fully; roundly; without reserve; as, to assert a thing plumply; a word in common popular use.

Plumpness

PLUMP'NESS, noun Fullness of skin; distention to roundness; as the plumpness of a boy; plumpness of the eye or cheek.

Newton.

Plum-Porridge

PLUM-POR'RIDGE, noun Porridge with plums.

Addison.

Plum-Pudding

PLUM-PUD'DING, noun Pudding containing raisins or currants.

Plumpy

PLUMP'Y, adjective Plump; fat; jolly. [Not elegant.]

Shak.

Plum-Tree

PLUM-TREE, noun [Saxon plum-treow.] A tree that produces plums.

Plumule

PLU'MULE, noun [Latin plumula.] The ascending scaly part of the embryo plant, which becomes the stem. [See Plume.]

Plumy

PLU'MY, adjective [from plume.] Fethered; covered with fethers.

Milton.

2. Adorned with plumes; as a plumy crest.

Addison.

Plunder

PLUN'DER, verb transitive [German plÃƒ-¼ndern; Dutch plunderen; Swedish plundra; Danish plyndrer. Qu. the root of eloign.]

1. To pillage; to spoil; to strip; to take the goods of an enemy by open force. Nebuchadnezzar plundered the temple of the Jews.

2. To take by pillage or open force. The enemy plundered all the goods they found. We say, he plundered the tent, or he plundered the goods of the tent. The first is the proper use of the word.

3. To rob, as a thief; to take from; to strip; as, the thief plundered the house; the robber plundered a man of his money and watch; pirates plunder ships and men.

Plunder

PLUN'DER, noun That which is taken from an enemy by force; pillage; prey; spoil.

2. That which is taken by theft, robbery or fraud.

Plundered

PLUN'DERED, participle passive Pillaged; robbed.

Plunderer

PLUN'DERER, noun A hostile pillager; a spoiler.

2. A thief; a robber.

Addison.

Plundering

PLUN'DERING, participle of the present tense Pillaging; robbing.

Plunge

PLUNGE, verb transitive [French plonger; Armoric plungea or plugein; Welsh plwng, a plunge, from the same root as llwnc or llwng, the gullet, a gulp or swallow; probably connected with luncheon.]

1. To thrust into water or other fluid substance, or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse in a fluid; to drive into flesh, mire or earth, &c.; as, to plunge the body in water; to plunge the arm into fire or flame; to plunge a dagger into the breast.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is considered as enveloped or surrounded; as, to plunge one's self into difficulties or distress; to plunge a nation into war.

3. To baptize by immersion.

Plunge

PLUNGE, verb intransitive To pitch; to thrust or drive one's self into water or a fluid; to dive or to rush in. He plunged into the river. The troops plunged into the stream.

His courser plung'd,

And threw him off; the waves whelm'd over him.

Dryden.

2. To fall or rush into distress or any state or circumstances in which the person or thing is enveloped, inclosed or over whelmed; as, to plunge into a gulf; to plunge into debt or embarrassments; to plunge into war; a body of cavalry plunged into the midst of the enemy.

3. To pitch or throw one's self headlong.

Plunge

PLUNGE, noun The act of thrusting into water or any penetrable substance.

2. Difficulty; strait; distress; a state of being surrounded or overwhelmed with difficulties.

People when put to a plunge, cry out to heaven for help.

L'Estrange.

And wilt thou not reach out a friendly arm,

To raise me from amidst this plunge of sorrow?

Addison.

[In this sense, the word is now little used.]

Plunged

PLUNG'ED, participle passive Thrust into a fluid or other penetrable substance; immersed; involved in straits.

Plungeon

PLUN'GEON, noun A sea fowl.

Ainsworth.

Plunger

PLUN'GER, noun One that plunges; a diver.

2. A cylinder used as a forcer in pumps.

Plunging

PLUNG'ING, participle of the present tense Immersing; diving; rushing headlong.

Plungy

PLUNGY, adjective Wet. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Plunket

PLUNK'ET, noun A kind of blue color.

Ainsworth.

Plural

PLU'RAL, adjective [Latin pluralis, ftom plus, pluris, more.]

1. Containing more than one; consisting of two or more, or designating two or more; as a plural word.

2. In grammar, the plural number is that which designates more than one, that is, any number except one. Thus in most languages, a word in the plural number expresses two or more. But the Greek has a dual number to express two; and the plural expresses more than two.

Pluralist

PLU'RALIST, noun A clerk or clergyman who holds more ecclesiastical benefices than one, with cure of souls.

Johnson.

Plurality

PLURAL'ITY, noun [French pluralitÃƒ-©, from Latin pluralis.]

1. A number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as a plurality of gods; a plurality of worlds.

Encyc.

2. A state of being or having a greater number.

3. In elections, a plurality of votes is when one candidate has more votes than any other, but less than half of the whole number of votes given. It is thus distinguished from a majority, which is more than half of the whole number.

4. Plurality of benefices, is where the same clerk is possessed of more benefices than one, with cure of souls. In this case, each benefice thus held is called a plurality.

Plurally

PLU'RALLY, adverb In a sense implying more than one.

Pluriliteral

PLURILIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin plus and litera, letter.] Containing more letters than three.

Pluriliteral

PLURILIT'ERAL, noun A word consisting of more letters than three.

Plurisy

PLU'RISY, noun [Latin plus, pluris.] Superabundance. [Not used.]

Shak.

Plus

PLUS, [Latin more,] in algebra, a character marked thus, +, used as the sign of addition.

Plush

PLUSH, noun [German plÃƒ-¼sch, shag; Dutch pluis, flock, nap, plush; pluizen, to fray, pick, carp, fleece. Qu. French peluche. The Italian peluzzo signifies a little hair or down, from pelo, hair, Latin pilus.]

Shag; a species of shaggy cloth or stuff with a velvet nap on one side, composed regularly of a woof of a single thread and a double warp; the one, wool of two threads twisted, the other of goat's or camel's hair. But some plushes are made wholly of worsted; others wholly of hair.

Encyc.

Plusher

PLUSH'ER, noun A marine fish.

Carew.

Plutonian

PLUTO'NIAN, adjective Plutonic, which see.

Plutonian

PLUTO'NIAN, noun One who maintains the origin of mountains, &c. to be from fire.

Journ. of Science.

The Plutonian theory of the formation of rocks and mountains is opposed to the Neptunian.

Plutonic

PLUTON'IC, adjective [from Pluto, in mythology, the king of the infernal regions.]

Pertaining to or designating the system of the Plutonists; as the Plutonic theory.

Kirwan.

Plutonist

PLU'TONIST, noun One who adopts the theory of the formation of the world in its present state from igneous fusion.

Good.

Pluvial

PLU'VIAL, or PLU'VIOUS, adjective [Latin pluvialis, from pluvia, rain; French Italian pluviale; Spanish pluvial.]

Rainy; humid.

Brown.

Pluvial

PLU'VIAL, noun [French pluvial.] A priest's cope.

Ainsworth.

Pluviameter

PLUVIAM'ETER, noun [Latin pluvia, rain, and Greek, measure.]

A rain gage, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of water that falls in rain, or in rain and snow, in any particular climate or place.

Pluviametrical

PLUVIAMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to a pluviameter; made or ascertained by a pluviameter.

Journ. of Science.

Ply

PLY, verb transitive [French plier, to bend or fold, formerly written ployer, whence employ; Armoric plega, Welsh plygu, Italian piegare, Spanish plegar, Portugese pregar, Latin plico, Greek, to fold; Saxon pleggan, to play and to lie on; Dutch pleegen, to use, to exercise; Danish plejer, to exercise, to perform an office, to tend, to nurse; German pflegen, id.; Swedish pl?ga. That these words are from the root of lie, lay, is obvious, for in German liegen, to lie, signifies also to ply, to apply. The prefix p may be used for the Teutonic be; be-liegen, to lie close, to bend to. See Lay and Lie.]

1. To lay on, to put to or on with force and repetition; to apply to closely, with continuation of efforts or urgency.

And plies him with redoubled strokes.

Dryden.

The hero from afar

Plies him with darts and stones.

Dryden.

We retain the precise sense in the phrase to lay on, to put it on him.

2. To employ with diligence; to apply closely and steadily; to keep busy.

Her gentle wit she plies.

Spenser.

The wearled Trojans ply their shattered oars.

Dryden.

3. To practice or perform with diligence.

Their bloody task, unweari'd, still they ply.

Waller.

4. To urge; to solicit with pressing or persevering importunity.

He plies the duke at morning and at night.

Shak.

5. To urge; to press; to strain; to force.

Ply

PLY, verb intransitive To bend; to yield.

The willow plied and gave way to the gust.

L'Estrange.

2. To work steadily.

He was forced to ply in the streets.

Spectator.

3. To go in haste.

Thither he plies undaunted.

Milton.

4. To busy one's self; to be steadily employed.

Dryden.

5. To endeavor to make way against the wind.

Mar. Dict.

Ply

PLY, noun A fold; a plait.

Arbuthnot.

2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.

The late learners cannot so well take the ply.

Bacon.

Plyer

PLY'ER, noun He or that which plies. In fortification, players denotes a kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge, consisting of timbers joined in the form of St. Andrew's cross.

Plying

PLY'ING, participle of the present tense Laying on with steadiness or repetition; applying closely; employing; performing; urging; pressing or attempting to make way against the wind.

Plying

PLY'ING, noun Urgent solicitation.

Hammond.

2. Effort to make way against the wind.

Pneumatic

PNEUMATIC, or PNEUMATICAL, a. numat'ic. [Greek, from, breath, spirit; to breathe or blow.]

1. Consisting of air, as a thin compressible substance; opposed to dense or solid substances.

The pneumatic substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body.

Bacon.

2. Pertaining to air, or to the philosophy of its properties; as pneumatic experiments; a pneumatic engine.

Locke. Encyc.

3. Moved or played by means of air; as a pneumatic instrument of music.

Pneumatics

PNEUMAT'ICS, noun In natural philosophy, that branch which treats of air. In chimistry, that branch which treats of the gases.

2. In the schools, the doctrine of spiritual substances, as God, angels, and the souls of men.

Dict.

Pneumatocele

PNEUMAT'OCELE, noun [Greek, air, and, a tumor.]

In surgery, a distension of the scrotum by air.

Coxe.

Pneumatological

PNEUMATOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to pneumatology.

Davy.

Pneumatologist

PNEUMATOL'OGIST, noun One versed in pneumatology.

Pneumatology

PNEUMATOL'OGY, noun [Greek, air, and, discourse.]

1. The doctrine of the properties of elastic fluids, or of spiritual substances.

2. A treatise on elastic fluids, or on spiritual substances.

Pneumonia

PNEUMO'NIA, or PNEU'MONY, noun [Greek, the lungs, from, to breathe.]

In medicine, an inflammation of the lungs.

Pneumonic

PNEUMON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic.

Pneumonic

PNEUMON'IC, noun A medicine for affections of the lungs.

Coxe.

Poach

POACH, verb transitive [French pocher. In French poche is a pocket, a bag or purse net; pocheter des fruits, to mellow fruit in the pocket; Irish boucquaat is to soften; Saxon pocca, a pouch.]

1. To boil slightly.

Johnson.

2. To dress by boiling slightly and mixing in a soft mass.

3. To begin and not complete.

Bacon.

4. To tread soft ground, or snow and water, as cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil or soft substance and leave deep tracks. [New England.]

5. To steal game; properly, to pocket game, or steal it and convey it away in a bag.

England.

6. To steal; to plunder by stealth.

They poach Parnassus, and lay claim for praise.

Garth.

Poach

POACH, verb transitive [Cornish pokkia, to thrust; perhaps French pocher. It seems to be allied to poke, poker, Norm. pouchon, a puncheon. If so, it is from the root of Latin pungo, to punch; German pochen, to knock.]

To stab; to pierce; to spear; as, to poach fish.

England.

Poach

POACH, verb intransitive To be trodden with deep tracks, as soft ground. We say, the ground is soft in spring, and poaches badly.

Chalky and clay lands burn in hot weather, chap in summer, and poach in winter.

Mortimer.

Poachard

POACHARD, or POCHARD, noun [from poach.] A fresh water duck of an excellent taste, weighing a pound and twelve ounces. It is the red headed duck of Lawson; found in America and in the north of Europe.

Pennant.

Poached

POACHED, participle passive Slightly boiled or softened; trodden with deep footsteps; stolen.

Poacher

POACHER, noun One that steals game.

More.

Poachiness

POACHINESS, noun Wetness and softness; the state of being easily penetrable by the feet of beast; applied to land.

Poachy

POACHY, adjective Wet and soft; such as the feet of cattle will penetrate to some depth; applied to land or ground of any kind.

Pock

POCK, noun [Saxon poc or pocc; Dutch pok; German pocke; Danish pukkel; Welsh pwg, that swells out; Irish bocam, to swell, coinciding with German bauch, Dutch buik, Danish bug, the belly, big, &c.; probably all of one family.]

A pustule raised on the surface of the body in the various and vaccine diseases, named from the pustules, small pox, or as it ought to be written, small pocks.

Pocket

POCK'ET, noun [French pochette, from poche, pocket, pouch; Saxon pocca.]

1. A small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles.

2. A small bag or net to receive the balls in billiards.

3. A certain quantity; as a pocket of hops, as in other cases we use sack. [Not used in America.]

Johnson.

Pocket

POCK'ET, verb transitive To put or conceal in the pocket; as, to pocket a penknife.

2. To take clandestinely.

To pocket an insult or affront, to receive it without resenting it, or at least without seeking redress. [In popular use.]

Pocket-Book

POCK'ET-BOOK, noun A small book of paper covered with lether; used for carrying papers in the pocket.

Pocket-Glass

POCK'ET-GLASS, noun A portable looking glass.

Pocket-Hole

POCK'ET-HOLE, noun The opening into a pocket.

Pocket-Lid

POCK'ET-LID, noun The flap over the pocket-hole.

Pocket-Money

POCK'ET-MONEY, noun Money for the pocket or for occasional expenses.

Pock-Hole

POCK'-HOLE, noun The pit or scar made by a pock.

Pockiness

POCK'INESS, noun The state of being pocky.

Pockwood

POCK'WOOD, noun Lignum vitae, a very hard wood.

Pocky

POCK'Y, adjective [from pock.] Infected with the small pocks; full of pocks.

2. Vile; rascally; mischievous; contemptible. [In vulgar use.]

Poculent

POC'ULENT, adjective [Latin poculentus, from poculum, a cup.] Fit for drink. [Not used.]

Pod

POD, noun [In Welsh podi signifies to take in or comprehend; but I know not from what source we have this word.]

The pericarp, capsule or seed vessel of certain plants. The silique or pod is an oblong, membranaceous, two valved pericarp, having the seeds fixed along both sutures. A legume is a pericarp of two valves, in which the seeds are fixed along one suture only.

Martyn.

According to these descriptions, the seed vessels of peas and beans are legumes, and not pods; but in popular language, pod is used for the legume as well as for the silique or siliqua. In New England, it is the only word in popular use.

Pod

POD, verb intransitive To swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.

Podagric

PODAG'RIC, or PODAG'RICAL, adjective [Latin podagra; Greek; the foot, and, a seizure.]

1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; partaking of the gout.

2. Afflicted with the gout.

Brown.

Podded

POD'DED, adjective Having its pods formed; furnished with pods.

Podder

POD'DER, noun A gatherer of pods.

Podge

PODGE, noun A puddle; a plash.

Skinner.

Poem

PO'EM, noun [Latin poema; Greek, from, to make, to compose songs. In Russian poyu signifies to sing. The radical sense is the same, to strain.]

1. A metrical composition; a composition in which the verses consist of certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme; as the poems of Homer or of Milton; opposed to prose.

Dryden.

2. This term is also applied to some compositions in which the language is that of excited imagination; as the poems of Ossian.

Poesy

PO'ESY, noun [French poesie; Latin poesis; Greek, from, to make.]

1. The art or skill of composing poems; as, the heavenly gift of poesy.

Dryden.

2. Poetry; metrical composition.

Music and poesy used to quicken you.

Shak.

3. A short conceit engraved on a ring or other thing.

Shak.

Poet

PO'ET, noun [French poete; Latin Spanish Italian poeta; Greek, See Poem.]

1. The author of a poem; the inventor or maker of a metrical composition.

A poet is a maker, as the word signifies; and he who cannot make, that is, invent, hath his name for nothing.

Dryden.

2. One skilled in making poetry, or who has a particular genius for metrical composition; one distinguished for poetic talents. Many write verses who cannot be called poets.

Poetaster

PO'ETASTER, noun A petty poet; a pitiful rhymer or writer of verses.

Roscommon.

Poetess

PO'ETESS, noun A female poet.

Hall.

Poetic

POET'IC, or POET'ICAL, adjective [Greek; Latin poeticus; French poetique.]

1. Pertaining to poetry; suitable to poetry; as a poetical genius; poetic turn or talent; poetic license.

2. Expressed in poetry or measure; as a poetical composition.

3. Possessing the peculiar beauties of poetry; sublime; as a composition or passage highly poetical.

Poetically

POET'ICALLY, adverb With the qualities of poetry; by the art of poetry; by fiction.

Dryden.

Poetics

POET'ICS, noun The doctrine of poetry.

Warton.

Poetize

PO'ETIZE, verb intransitive [French poetiser.] To write as a poet; to compose verse.

Donne.

Poet-Laureat

POET-LAUREAT, noun A poet employed to compose poems for the birth days of a prince or other special occasion.

Poet-Musician

POET-MUSI'CIAN, noun An appellation given to the bard and lyrist of former ages, as uniting the professions of poetry and music.

Busby.

Poetress

PO'ETRESS, noun A female poet.

Poetry

PO'ETRY, noun [Greek.] Metrical composition; verse; as heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric poetry.

2. The art or practice of composing in verse. He excels in poetry.

3. Poems; poetical composition. We take pleasure in reading poetry.

4. This term is also applied to the language of excited imagination and feeling.

Poignancy

POIGNANCY, n. poin'ancy. [See Poignant.]

1. Sharpness; the power of stimulating the organs of taste.

Swift.

2. Point; sharpness; keenness; the power of irritation; asperity; as the poignancy of wit or sarcasm.

3. Severity; acuteness.

Poignant

POIGNANT, a. poin'ant. [French poignant, participle of poindre, from Latin pungere, pungo, to prick.]

1. Sharp; stimulating the organs of taste; as poignant sauce.

Dryden.

2. Pointed; keen; bitter; irritating; satirical; as poignant wit.

3. Severe; piercing; very painful or acute; as poignant pain or grief.

Norris. South.

Poignantly

POIGNANTLY, adv. poin'antly. In a stimulating, piercing or irritating manner; with keenness or point.

Point

POINT, noun [French from poinct; Spanish Italian punto, punta; Welsh pwnc; from Latin punctum, from pungo, to prick, properly to thrust, pret. pepugi, showing that n is not radical. Hence it accords with Norm. pouchon, a puncheon, French poinÃƒ-§on, to punch, and with poke, poker, Greek, &c.]

1. The sharp end of any instrument or body; as the point of a knife, of a sword or of a thorn.

2. A string with a tag; as a silken point.

Shak.

3. A small cape, headland or promontory; a tract of land extending into the sea, a lake or river, beyond the line of the shore, and becoming narrow at the end; as point Judith; Montauk point. It is smaller than a cape.

4. The sting of an epigram; a lively turn of thought or expression that strikes with force and agreeable surprise.

With periods, points and tropes he slurs his crimes.

Dryden.

5. An indivisible part of time or space. We say, a point of time, a point of space.

Locke. Davies.

6. A small space; as a small point of land.

Prior.

7. Punctilio; nicety; exactness of ceremony; as points of precedence.

8. Place near, next or contiguous to; verge; eve. He is on the point of departure, or at the point of death.

9. Exact place. He left off at the point where he began.

10. Degree; state of elevation, depression or extension; as, he has reached an extraordinary point of excellence. He has fallen to the lowest point of degradation.

11. A character used to mark the divisions of writing, or the pauses to be observed in reading or speaking; as the comma, semicolon, colon and period. The period is called a full stop, as it marks the close of a sentence.

12. A spot; a part of a surface divided by spots or lines; as the ace or sise point.

13. In geometry, that which has neither parts nor magnitude.

Euclid.

A point is that which has position but not magnitude.

Playfair.

A point is a limit terminating a line.

Legendre.

14. In music, a mark or note anciently used to distinguish tones or sounds. Hence, simple counterpoint is when a note of the lower part answers exactly to that of the upper, and figurative counterpoint, is when a note is syncopated and one of the parts makes several notes or inflections of the voice while the other holds on one.

Encyc.

15. In modern music, a dot placed by a note to raise its value or prolong its time by one half, so as to make a semibreve equal to three minims; a minim equal to three quavers, &c.

16. In astronomy, a division of the great circles of the horizon, and of the mariner's compass. The four cardinal points, are the east, west, north and south. On the space between two of these points, making a quadrant or quarter of a circle, the compass is marked with subordinate divisions, the whole number being thirty two points.

17. In astronomy, a certain place marked in the heavens, or distinguished for its importance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and nadir are called vertical points; the nodes are the points where the orbits of the planets intersect the plane of the ecliptic; the place where the equator and ecliptic intersect are called equinoctial points; the points of the ecliptic at which the departure of the sun from the equator, north and south, is terminated, are called solstitial points.

18. In perspective, a certain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane.

Encyc.

19. In manufactories, a lace or work wrought by the needle; as point le Venice, point de Genoa, &c. Sometimes the word is used for lace woven with bobbins. Point devise is used for needle work, or for nice work.

20. The place to which any thing is directed, or the direction in which an object is presented to the eye. We say, in this point of view, an object appears to advantage. In this or that point of view, the evidence is important.

21. Particular; single thing or subject. In what point do we differ? All points of controversy between the parties are adjusted. We say, in point of antiquity, in point of fact, in point of excellence. The letter in every point is admirable. The treaty is executed in every point.

22. Aim; purpose; thing to be reached or accomplished; as, to gain one's point.

23. The act of aiming or striking.

What a point your falcon made.

Shak.

24. A single position; a single assertion; a single part of a complicated question or of a whole.

These arguments are not sufficient to prove the point.

Strange point and new!

Doctrine which we would know whence learned.

Milton.

25. A note or tune.

Turning your tongue divine

To a loud trumpet, and a point of war.

Shak.

26. In heraldry, points are the several different parts of the escutcheon, denoting the local positions of figures.

Encyc.

27. In electricity, the acute termination of a body which facilitates the passage of the fluid to or from the body.

Encyc.

28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the shot of a gun leveled horizontally. The point-blank range is the extent of the apparent right line of a ball discharged. In shooting point-blank, the ball is supposed to move directly to the object, without a curve. Hence adverbially, the word is equivalent to directly.

29. In marine language, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, tapering from the middle towards each end; used in reefing the courses and top-sails of square-rigged vessels.

Mar. Dict.

Point de vise, [French] exactly in the point of view.

Shak.

Vowel-points, in the Hebrew and other eastern languages, are certain marks placed above or below the consonants, or attached to them, as in the Ethiopic, representing the vocal sounds or vowels, which precede or follow the articulations.

The point, the subject; the main question; the precise thing to be considered, determined or accomplished. This argument may be true, but it is not to the point.

Point

POINT, verb transitive To sharpen; to cut, forge, grind or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart or a pin; also, to taper, as a rope.

2. To direct towards an object or place, to show its position, or excite attention to it; as, to point the finger at an object; to point the finger of scorn at one.

Shak.

3. To direct the eye or notice.

Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and pointed to every scene of them, would see nothing but subjects of surprise.

Pope.

4. To aim; to direct towards an object; as, to point a musket at a wolf; to point a cannon at a gate.

5. To mark with characters for the purpose of distinguishing the members of a sentence, and designating the pauses; as, to point a written composition.

6. To mark with vowel-points.

7. To appoint. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

8. To fill the joints of with mortar, and smooth them with the point of a trowel; as, to point a wall.

To point out, to show by the finger or by other means.

To point a sail, to affix points through the eyelet-holes of the reefs.

Point

POINT, verb intransitive To direct the finger for designating an object, and exciting attention to it; with at.

Now must the world point at poor Catherine.

Shak.

Point at the tatter'd coat and ragged shoe.

Dryden.

2. To indicate, as dogs do to sportsmen.

He treads with caution, and he points with fear.

Gay.

3. To show distinctly by any means.

To point at what time the balance of power was most equally held between the lords and commons at Rome, would perhaps admit a controversy.

Swift.

4. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall with mortar.

5. In the rigging of a ship, to taper the end of a rope or splice, and work over the reduced part a small close netting, with an even number of knittles twisted from the same.

Cyc.

To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to.

Pointal

POINT'AL, noun In botany, the pistil of a plant; an organ or viscus adhering to the fruit for the reception of the pollen. Its appearance is that of a column or set of columns in the center of the flower.

Martyn.

Pointed

POINT'ED, participle passive Sharpened; formed to a point; directed; aimed.

2. Aimed at a particular person or transaction.

3. a. Sharp; having a sharp point; as a pointed rock.

4. Epigrammatical; abounding in conceits or lively turns; as pointed wit.

Pope.

Pointedly

POINT'EDLY, adverb In a pointed manner; with lively turns of thought or expression.

He often wrote too pointedly for his subject.

Dryden.

2. With direct assertion; with direct reference to a subject; with explicitness; as, he declared pointedly he would accede to the proposition.

Pointedness

POINT'EDNESS, noun Sharpness; pickedness with asperity.

Johnson.

2. Epigrammatical keenness or smartness.

In this you excel Horace, that you add pointedness of thought.

Dryden.

Pointel

POINT'EL, noun Something on a point.

These poises or pointels are, for the most part, little balls set at the top of a slender stalk, which they can move every way at pleasure.

Derham.

2. A kind of pencil or style.

Wickliffe.

Pointer

POINT'ER, noun Any thing that points.

2. The hand of a time-piece.

Watts.

3. A dog that points out the game to sportsmen.

Gay.

Pointing

POINT'ING, participle of the present tense Directing the finger; showing; directing.

2. Mark 1ng with points; as a writing.

3. Filling the joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or cement.

Pointing

POINT'ING, noun The art of making the divisions of a writing; punctuation.

2. The state of being pointed with marks or points.

Pointing-Stock

POINT'ING-STOCK, noun An object of ridicule or scorn.

Shak.

Pointless

POINT'LESS, adjective Having no point; blunt; obtuse; as a pointless sword.

2. Having no smartness or keenness.

Poise

POISE, n. poiz. [Welsh pwys, weight; Armoric poes; French poids. See the Verb.]

1. Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend or tend to the center.

Spenser.

2. The weight or mass of metal used in weighing with steelyards, to balance the substance weighed.

3. Balance; equilibrium; a state in which things are balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise. The mind may rest in a poise between two opinions.

The particles forming the earth, must convene from all quarters towards the middle, which would make the whole compound rest in a poise.

Bentley.

4. A regulating power; that which balances.

Men of an unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment.

Dryden.

Poise

POISE, v. t. poiz. [Welsh pwysaw, to throw down, to press, to lean or incline, to weigh; Armoric poesa; Italian pesare; Spanish Portugese pesar; Cornish puza; French peser.]

1. To balance in weight; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a balance.

2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.

Our nation with united interest blest,

Not now content to poise, shall sway the rest.

Dryden.

3. To load with weight for balancing.

Where could they find another form so fit,

To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit?

Dryden.

4. To examine or ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.

He cannot consider the strength, poise the weight, and discern the evidence of the clearest argumentations, where they would conclude against his desires.

South.

5. To oppress; to weigh down.

Lest leaden slumber poise me down to-morrow,

When I should mount on wings of victory.

Shak.

Poised

POIS'ED, participle passive Balanced; made equal in weight; resting in equilibrium.

Poising

POIS'ING, participle of the present tense Balancing.

Poison

POISON, n. poiz'n. [French poison; Armoric empoesoun, pouison; Spanish ponzoÃƒ-±a; Portugese peÃƒ-§onha. Qu. its alliance to Latin pus. See Class Bs. No. 25.]

1. A substance which, when taken into the stomach, mixed with the blood or applied to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or deleterious by an action not mechanical; venom. The more active and virulent poisions destroy life in a short time; others are slow in their operation, others produce inflammation without proving fatal. In the application of poison, much depends on the quantity.

2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or noxious to health; as the poison of pestilential diseases.

3. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as the poison of evil example; the poison of sin.

South.

Poison

POIS'ON, verb transitive To infect with any thing fatal to life; as, to poison an arrow.

2. To attack, injure or kill by poison.

He was so discouraged that he poisoned himself and died. 2 Macc.

3. To taint; to mar; to impair; as, discontent poisons the happiness of life.

Hast thou not

With thy false arts poison'd his people's loyalty?

Rowe.

4. To corrupt. Our youth are poisoned with false notions of honor, or with pernicious maxims of government.

To suffer the thoughts to be vitiated, is to poison the fountains of morality.

Rambler.

Poisoned

POIS'ONED, participle passive Infected or destroyed by poison.

Poisoner

POIS'ONER, noun One who poisons or corrupts; that which corrupts.

Poisoning

POIS'ONING, participle of the present tense Infecting with poison; corrupting.

Poisonous

POIS'ONOUS, adjective Venomous; having the qualities of poison; corrupting; impairing soundness or purity.

Poisonously

POIS'ONOUSLY, adverb With fatal or injurious effects; venomously.

Poisonousness

POIS'ONOUSNESS, noun The quality of being fatal or injurious to health and soundness; venomousness.

Poison-Tree

POIS'ON-TREE, noun A tree that poisons the flesh. This name is given to a species of Rhus or sumac, the Rhus vernix or poison ash, a native of America; also to the bohun upas of Java.

Encyc.

Poitrel

POI'TREL, noun [French poitrail, from Latin pectorale, from pectus, the breast.]

1. Armor for the breast.

Skinner.

2. A graving tool. [Qu. pointel.]

Ainsworth.

Poize

POIZE, a common spelling of poise. [See Poise.]

Poke

POKE, noun [Saxon pocca, poha; French poche, a pouch or bag.]

A pocket; a small bag; as a pig in a poke.

Camden. Spectator.

Poke

POKE, or PO'KE-WEED, noun The popular name of a plant of the genus Phytolacca, otherwise called cocum and garget; a native of N. America. As a medicine, it has emetic and cathartic qualities, and has had some reputation as a remedy for rheumatism. It was formerly called in Virginia, pocan.

Bigelow.

Poke

POKE, verb transitive [Cornish pokkia, to thrust or push. In Armoric, pochan is one that dives or plunges.]

1. Properly, to thrust; hence, to feel or search for with a long instrument.

Brown.

2. To thrust at with the horns, as an ox; a popular use of the word in New England. And intransitively, to poke at, is to thrust the horns at.

Poke

POKE, noun In New England, a machine to prevent unruly beasts from leaping fences, consisting of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointing forward.

Poke

POKE, verb transitive To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox.

New England.

Poker

PO'KER, noun [from poke.] An iron bar used in stirring the fire when coal is used for fuel.

Swift.

Poker

PO'KER, noun [Danish pokker, the duse; Welsh pwca, a hobgoblin; bwg, id.; bwgan, a bugbear; bw, terror, fright. These words seem to be allied to buw, buwc, an ox or cow, Latin bos, bovis, and all perhaps from the bellowing of bulls.]

Any frightful object, especially in the dark; a bugbear; a word in common popular use in America.

Poking

PO'KING, participle of the present tense Feeling in the dark; stirring with a poker; thrusting at with the horns; putting a poke on.

Poking

PO'KING, adjective Drudging; servile. [Colloquial.]

Gray.

Poking-Stick

PO'KING-STICK, noun An instrument formerly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs then worn.

Middleton. Shak.

Polacre

POLA'CRE, noun [Spanish id.; Portugese polaca, polhucra; French polacre, polaque.]

A vessel with three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, so that they have neither tops, caps nor cross-trees, nor horses to their upper yards.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Polar

PO'LAR, adjective [French polaire; Italian polare; Spanish polar. See Pole.]

1. Pertaining to the poles of the earth, north or south, or to the poles of artificial globes; situated near one of the poles; as polar regions; polar seas; polar ice or climates.

2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the poles; as polar winds.

3. Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed.

Polarity

POLAR'ITY, noun That quality of a body in virtue of which peculiar properties reside in certain points; usually, as in electrified or magnetized bodies, properties of attraction or repulsion, or the power of taking a certain direction. Thus we speak of the polarity of the magnet or magnetic needle, whose pole is not always that of the earth, but a point somewhat easterly or westerly; and the deviation of the needle from a north and south line is called its variation. A mineral is said to possess polarity, when it attracts one pole of a magnetic needle and repels the other.

Polarization

POLARIZA'TION, noun The act of giving polarity to a body.

Polarization of light, a change produced upon light by the action of certain media, by which it exhibits the appearance of having polarity, or poles possessing different properties. This property of light was first discovered by Huygens in his investigation of the cause of double refraction. as seen in the Iceland crystal. The attention of opticians was more particularly directed towards it by the discoveries of Malus, in 1810. The knowledge of this singular property of light, has afforded an explanation of several very intricate phenomena in optics.

Polarize

PO'LARIZE, verb transitive To communicate polarity to.

Polarized

PO'LARIZED, participle passive Having polarity communicated to.

Polarizing

PO'LARIZING, participle of the present tense Giving polarity to.

Polary

PO'LARY, adjective [See Polar.] Tending to a pole; having a direction to a pole.

Brown.

Pole

POLE, noun [Saxon pol, pal; German pfahl; Dutch paal; Swedish pÃƒ-¥le; Danish poel; Welsh pawl; Latin palus. See Pale.]

1. A long slender piece of wood, or the stem of a small tree deprived of its branches. Thus seamen use poles for setting or driving boats in shallow water; the stems of small trees are used for hoops and called hoop-poles; the stems of small, but tall straight trees, are used as poles for supporting the scaffolding in building.

2. A rod; a perch; a measure of length of five yards and a half.

[In New England, rod is generally used.]

3. An instrument for measuring.

Bacon.

Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles, when her sails are all furled.

Mar. Dict.

Pole

POLE, noun [French pole; Italian Spanish polo; German Danish Swedish pol; Dutch pool; Latin polus; Greek, from, to turn.]

1. In astronomy, one of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere revolves. These two points are called the poles of the world.

2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere; or it is a point 90Ã‚-° distant from the plane of a circle, and in a line passing perpendicularly through the center, called the axis. Thus the zenith and nadir are the poles of the horizon.

3. In geography, the extremity of the earth's axis, or one of the points on the surface of our globe through which the axis passes.

4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the earth; the pole-star.

Poles of the ecliptic, are two points on the surface of the sphere, 23Ã‚-° 30' distant from the poles of the world.

Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone, corresponding to the poles of the world; the one pointing to the north, the other to the south.

Pole

POLE, noun [from Poland.] A native of Poland.

Pole

POLE, verb transitive To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans.

2. To bear or convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.

3. To impel by poles, as a boat; to push forward by the use of poles.

Pole-Ax

PO'LE-AX, or PO'LE-AXE, noun An ax fixed to a pole or handle; or rather a sort of hatchet with a handle about fifteen inches in length, and a point or claw bending downward from the back of its head. It is principally used in actions at sea, to cut away the rigging of the enemy attempting to board; sometimes it is thrust into the side of a ship to assist in mounting the enemy's ship, and it is sometimes called a boarding-ax.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Polecat

PO'LECAT, noun [Qu. foul cat, or Greek.] A quadruped of the genus Mustela; the fitchew or fitchet.

Encyc.

Pole-Davy

PO'LE-DAVY, noun A sort of coarse cloth.

Ainsworth.

Polemarch

POL'EMARCH, noun [Greek; war, and, rule, or, chief.]

1. Anciently, a magistrate of Athens and Thebes, who had under his care all strangers and sojourners in the city, and all children of parents who had lost their lives in the service of their country.

Encyc. Mitford.

2. A military officer in Lacedaemon.

Polemic

POLEM'IC, or POLEM'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, war.]

1. Controversial; disputative; intended to maintain an opinion or system in opposition to others; as a polemic treatise, discourse, essay or book; polemic divinity.

2. Engaged in supporting an opinion or system by controversy; as a polemic writer.

South.

Polemic

POLEM'IC, noun A disputant; a controvertist; one who writes in support of an opinion or system in opposition to another.

Pope.

Polemic

POLEM'IC, noun A disputant; a controvertist; one who writes in support of an opinion or system in opposition to another.

Pope.

Polemoscope

POLEM'OSCOPE, noun [Greek, war, and, to view.]

An oblique perspective glass contrived for seeing objects that do not lie directly before the eye. It consists of a concave glass placed near a plane mirror in the end of a short round tube, and a convex glass in a hole in the side of the tube. It is called opera-glass, or diagonal opera-glass.

Encyc.

Pole-Star

PO'LE-STAR, noun A star which is vertical, or nearly so, to the pole of the earth; a lodestar. The northern pole-star is of great use to navigators in the northern hemisphere.

2. That which serves as a guide or director.

Burton.

Poley-Grass

PO'LEY-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Lythrum.

Fam. of Plants.

Poley-Mountain

PO'LEY-MOUNTAIN, noun A plant of the genus Teucrium.

Ib.

Police

POLICE, noun [French from Latin politia; Greek, from, city.]

1. The government of a city or town; the administration of the laws and regulations of a city or incorporated town or borough; as the police of London, of New York or Boston. The word is applied also to the government of all towns in New England which are made corporations by a general statute, for certain purposes.

2. The internal regulation and government of a kingdom or state.

Blackstone.

3. The corporation or body of men governing a city.

Jamieson.

4. In Scottish, the pleasure-ground about a gentleman's seat.

Policed

POL'ICED, adjective Regulated by laws; furnished with a regular system of laws and administration.

Bacon.

Police-Officer

POLICE-OFFICER, noun An officer entrusted with the execution of the laws of a city.

Policy

POL'ICY, noun [French police; Latin politia; Greek, from, city, Sanscrit palya.]

1. Policy, in its primary signification, is the same as polity, comprehending the fundamental constitution or frame of civil government in a state or kingdom. But by usage, policy is now more generally used to denote what is included under legislation and administration, and may be defined, the art or manner of governing a nation; or that system of measures which the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as best adapted to the interests of the nation. Thus we speak of domestic policy, or the system of internal regulations in a nation; foreign policy, or the measures which respect foreign nations; commercial policy, or the measures which respect commerce.

2. Art, prudence, wisdom or dexterity in the management of public affairs; applied to persons governing. It has been the policy of France to preclude females from the throne. It has been the policy of Great Britain to encourage her navy, by keeping her carrying trade in her own hands. In this she manifests sound policy. Formerly, England permitted wool to be exported and manufactured in the Low Countries, which was very bad policy.

The policy of all laws has made some forms necessary in the wording of last wills and testaments.

Blackstone.

All violent policy defeats itself.

Hamilton.

3. In common usage, the art, prudence or wisdom of individuals in the management of their private or social concerns.

4. Stratagem; cunning; dexterity of management.

5. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds. [Italian polizza.]

6. [Spanish poliza.] Policy, in commerce, the writing or instrument by which a contract of indemnity is effected between the insurer and the insured; or the instrument containing the terms or conditions on which a person or company undertakes to indemnify another person or company against losses of property exposed to peculiar hazards, as houses or goods exposed to fire, or ships and goods exposed to destruction on the high seas. This writing is subscribed by the insurer, who is called the underwriter. The terms policy of insurance, or assurance, are also used for the contract between the insured and the underwriter.

Policies are valued or open; valued, when the property or goods insured are valued at prime cost; open, when the goods are not valued, but if lost, their value must be proved.

Park. Blackstone.

Wagering policies, which insure sums of money, interest or no interest, are illegal.

All insurances, interest or no interest, or without further proof of interest than the policy itself, are null and void.

Blackstone.

The word policy is used also for the writing which insures against other events, as well as against loss of property.

Poling

PO'LING, noun In gardening, the operation of dispersing the worm-casts all over the walks, with long ash poles. This destroys the worm-casts and is beneficial to the walks.

Cyc.

Poling

PO'LING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with poles for support.

2. Bearing on poles.

3. Pushing forward with poles, as a boat.

Polish

PO'LISH, adjective [from Slav. pole, a plain, whence Poland. See the Verb.]

Pertaining to Poland, a level country on the south of Russia and the Baltic.

Polish

POL'ISH, verb transitive [French polir, polissant; Armoric pouliÃƒ-§za; Italian polire or pulire; Spanish polir, pulir; Latin polio; Danish polerer; Swedish polera; Russian poliruyu; Welsh caboli, with a prefix; Arabic chafala, to polish. Qu. its alliance to file.]

1. To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; as, to polish glass, marble, metals and the like.

2. To refine; to wear off rudeness, rusticity and coarseness; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners.

Milton.

The Greeks were polished by the Asiatics and Egyptians.

S. S. Smith.

Polish

POL'ISH, verb intransitive To become smooth; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface.

Steel will polish almost as white and bright as silver.

Bacon.

Polish

POL'ISH, noun A smooth glossy surface produced by friction.

Another prism of clearer glass and better polish seemed free from veins.

Newton.

2. Refinement; elegance of manners.

What are these wond'rous civilizing arts,

This Roman polish?

Addison.

Polishable

POL'ISHABLE, adjective Capable of being polished.

Polished

POL'ISHED, participle passive Made smooth and glossy; refined.

Polisher

POL'ISHER, noun The person or instrument that polishes.

Addison.

Polishing

POL'ISHING, participle of the present tense Making smooth and glossy; refining.

Polishing

POL'ISHING, noun Smoothness; glossiness; refinement.

Goldsmith.

Polite

POLI'TE, adjective [Latin politus, polished, from polio, supra.]

1. Literally, smooth, glossy, and used in this sense till within a century.

Rays of light falling on a polite surface.

Newton.

[This application of the word is, I believe, entirely obsolete.]

2. Being polished or elegant in manners; refined in behavior; well bred.

He marries, bows at court and grows polite.

Pope.

3. Courteous; complaisant; obliging.

His manners were warm without insincerity, and polite without pomp.

t.

Politely

POLI'TELY, adverb With elegance of manners; genteely; courteously.

Politeness

POLI'TENESS, noun Polish or elegance of manners; gentility; good breeding; ease and gracefulness of manners, united with a desire to please others and a careful attention to their wants and wishes.

2. Courteousness; complaisance; obliging attentions.

Politic

POL'ITIC, adjective [Latin politicus; Greek, from, from, a city. This word in its origin is the same as political, and was formerly used as synonymous with it. It is so still in the phrase, body politic. Burke used politic distinction for political distinction, but present usage does not warrant this application.]

1. Wise; prudent and sagacious in devising and pursuing measures adapted to promote the public welfare; applied to persons; as a politic prince.

2. Well devised and adapted to the public prosperity; applied to things.

This land was famously enriched

With politic grave counsel.

Shak.

3. Ingenious in devising and pursuing any scheme of personal or national aggrandizement, without regard to the morality of the measure; cunning; artful; sagacious in adapting means to the end, whether good or evil.

I have been politic with my friend, smooth with my enemy.

Shak. Pope.

4. Well devised; adapted to its end, right or wrong.

Political

POLIT'ICAL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to policy, or to civil government and its administration. Political measures or affairs are measures that respect the government of a nation or state. So we say, political power or authority; political wisdom; a political scheme; political opinions. A good prince is the political father of his people. The founders of a state and wise senators are also called political fathers.

2. Pertaining to a nation or state, or to nations or states, as distinguished from civil or municipal; as in the phrase, political and civil rights, the former comprehending rights that belong to a nation, or perhaps to a citizen as an individual of a nation; and the latter comprehending the local rights of a corporation or any member of it.

Speaking of the political state of Europe, we are accustomed to say of Sweden, she lost her liberty by the revolution.

Paley.

3. Public; derived from office or connection with government; as political character.

4. Artful; skillful. [See Politic.]

5. Treating of politics or government; as a political writer.

Paley.

Political arithmetic, the art of reasoning by figures, or of making arithmetical calculations on matters relating to a nation, its revenues, value of lands and effects, produce of lands or manufactures, population, &c.

Political economy, the administration of the revenues of a nation; or the management and regulation of its resources and productive property and labor. Political economy comprehends all the measures by which the property and labor of citizens are directed in the best manner to the success of individual industry and enterprise, and to the public prosperity. Political economy is now considered as a science.

Politically

POLIT'ICALLY, adverb With relation to the government of a nation or state.

2. Artfully; with address. Obs.

Knolles.

Politicaster

POLIT'ICASTER, noun A petty politician; a pretender to politics.

L'Estrange,

Politician

POLITI'CIAN, adjective Cunning; using artifice. Obs.

Politician

POLITI'CIAN, noun [French politicien.] One versed in the science of government and the art of governing; one skilled in politics.

Dryden. Pope.

2. A man of artifice or deep contrivance.

South.

Politics

POL'ITICS, noun [French politique; Greek. See Policy.]

The science of government; that part of ethics which consists in the regulation and government of a nation or state, for the preservation of its safety, peace and prosperity; comprehending the defense of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals. Politics, as a science or an art, is a subject of vast extent and importance.

Politize

POL'ITIZE, verb intransitive To play the politician. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Politure

POL'ITURE, noun [See Polish.] Polish; the gloss given by polishing. [Not used.]

Donne.

Polity

POL'ITY, noun [Greek.] The form or constitution of civil government of a nation or state; and in free states, the frame or fundamental system by which the several branches of government are established, and the powers and duties of each designated and defined.

Every branch of our civil polity supports and is supported, regulates and is regulated by the rest.

Blackstone.

With respect to their interior polity, our colonies are properly of three sorts; provincial establishments, proprietary governments, and charter governments.

Blackstone.

The word seems also to embrace legislation and administration of government.

2. The constitution or general fundamental principles of government of any class of citizens, considered in an appropriate character, or as a subordinate state.

Were the whole christian world to revert back to the original model, how far more simple, uniform and beautiful would the church appear, and how far more agreeable to the ecclesiastical polity instituted by the holy apostles.

President Stiles.

Poll

POLL, noun [Dutch bol, a ball, bowl, crown, poll, pate, bulb.]

1. The head of a person, or the back part of the head, and in composition, applied to the head of a beast, as in poll-evil.

2. A register of heads, that is, of persons.

Shak.

3. The entry of the names of electors who vote for civil officers. Hence,

4. An election of civil officers, or the place of election.

Our citizens say, at the opening or close of the poll, that is, at the beginning of the register of voters and reception of votes, or the close of the same. They say also, we are going to the poll; many voters appeared at the poll.

New York.

5. A fish called a chub or chevin. [See Pollard.]

Poll

POLL, verb transitive To lop the tops of trees.

Bacon.

2. To clip; to cut off the ends; to cut off hair or wool; to shear. The phrases, to

poll the hair, and to poll the head, have been used. The latter is used in 2 Samuel 14:26. To poll a deed, is a phrase still used in law language.

Z. Swift.

3. To mow; to crop. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. To peel; to strip; to plunder. Obs.

Bacon. Spenser.

5. To take a list or register of persons; to enter names in a list.

6. To enter one's name in a list or register.

Dryden.

7. To insert into a number as a voter.

Tickel.

Pollard

POL'LARD, noun [from poll] A tree lopped.

Bacon.

2. A clipped coin.

Camden.

3. The chub fish.

Ainsworth.

4. A stag that has cast his horns.

5. A mixture of bran and meal.

Ainsworth.

Pollard

POL'LARD, verb transitive To lop the tops of trees; to poll.

Evelyn.

Pollen

POL'LEN, noun [Latin pollen, pollis, fine flour; Russian pil, piel, dust, Latin pulvis.]

1. The fecundating dust or fine substance like flour or meal, contained in the anther of flowers, which is dispersed on the pistil for impregnation; farin or farina.

Encyc. Milne. Martyn.

2. Fine bran.

Bailey.

Pollenger

POL'LENGER, noun Brushwood. Obs.

Tusser.

Pollenin

POL'LENIN, noun [from pollen.] A substance prepared from the pollen of tulips, highly inflammable, and insoluble in agents which dissolve other vegetable products. Exposed to the air, it soon undergoes putrefaction.

Webster's Manual.

Poller

POLLER, noun [from poll.] One that shaves persons; a barber. [Not used.]

2. One that lops or polls trees.

3. A pillager; a plunderer; one that fleeces by exaction. [Not used.]

Bacon.

4. One that registers voters, or one that enters his name as a voter.

Poll-Evil

POLL-EVIL, noun [poll and evil.] A swelling or impostem on a horse's head, or on the nape of the neck between the ears.

Far. Dict.

Pollicitation

POLLICITA'TION, noun [Latin pollicitatio.] A promise; a voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it.

Henry's Britain.

Pollinctor

POLLINC'TOR, noun [Latin] One that prepares materials for embalming the dead; a kind of undertaker.

Greenhill.

Polliniferous

POLLINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin pollen and fero, to produce.] Producing pollen.

Pollock

POL'LOCK, or POL'LACK, noun A fish, a species of Gadus or cod.

Pollute

POLLU'TE, verb transitive [Latin polluo; French polluer. If this word is compound, as I suspect, it seems to be composed of the preposition po, which is in the Russian language and retained in the Latin polluceo and possideo, and according to Ainsworth, of lavo. But this combination would not naturally give the signification. If the word is simple, the first syllable coincides with foul. But neither is this etymology satisfactory.]

1. To defile; to make foul or unclean; in a general sense. But appropriately, among the Jews, to make unclean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense, so as to disqualify a person for sacred services, or to render things unfit for sacred uses. Numbers 18. Exodus 20:2 Kings 23:2 Chronicles 36.

2. To taint with guilt.

Ye pollute yourselves with all your idols. Ezekiel 20.

3. To profane; to use for carnal or idolatrous purposes.

My sabbaths they greatly polluted. Ezekiel 20.

4. To corrupt or impair by mixture of ill, moral or physical.

Envy you my praise, and would destroy

With grief my pleasures, and pollute my joy?

Dryden.

5. To violate by illegal sexual commerce.

Pollute

POLLU'TE, adjective Polluted; defiled.

Milton.

Pllluted

PLLLU'TED, participle passive Defiled; rendered unclean; tainted with guilt; impaired; profaned.

Pollutedness

POLLU'TEDNESS, noun The state of being polluted; defilement.

Polluter

POLLU'TER, noun A defiler; one that pollutes or profanes.

Polluting

POLLU'TING, participle of the present tense Defiling; rendering unclean; corrupting; profaning.

Pollution

POLLU'TION, noun [Latin pollutio; French pollution; Spanish polucion; Italian polluzione.]

1. The act of polluting.

2. Defilement; uncleanness; impurity; the state of being polluted.

3. In the Jewish economy, legal or ceremonial uncleanness, which disqualified a person for sacred services or for common intercourse with the people, or rendered any thing unfit for sacred use.

4. In medicine, the involuntary emission of semen in sleep.

5. In a religious sense, guilt, the effect of sin; idolatry, &c.

Pollux

POL'LUX, noun A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini or the Twins.

Encyc.

2. [See Castor.]

Polonaise

POLONA'ISE, or POLONE'SE, noun A robe or dress adopted from the fashion of the Poles; sometimes worn by ladies.

Polonese

POLONE'SE, noun The Polish language.

Encyc.

Polonoise

POLONOISE, noun In music, a movement of three crotchets in a bar, with the rhythmical cesure on the last.

Busby.

Polt

POLT, noun [Swedish bulta, to beat.] A blow, stroke or striking; a word in common popular use in N. England.

Polt-Foot

POLT-FOOT, noun A distorted foot. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Polt-Foot

POLT-FOOT, or POLT-FOOTED, adjective Having distorted feet. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Poltroon

POLTROON', noun [French poltron; Italian poltrone, an idle fellow, a coward; poltrire, to sleep, to be idle, to loiter; Spanish poltron, idle, lazy, easy, commodious; Portugese poltram, an idler; poltram, poltrona, lazy, cowardly; Armoric poultroun; certainly not from pollice truncato. The primary sense is idle, at ease, whence lazy; perhaps from the root of fail, Welsh pallu.]

An arrant coward; a dastard; a wretch without spirit or courage.

Dryden.

Poltroonery

POLTROON'ERY, noun Cowardice; baseness of mind; want of spirit.

Polverin

POL'VERIN, or POL'VERINE, noun [Latin pulvis, dust; Italian polverino.] The calcined ashes of a plant, of the nature of pot and pearl ashes, brought from the Levant and Syria. In the manufacture of glass, it is preferred to other ashes, as the glass made with it is perfectly white.

Encyc.

Poly

PO'LY, or PO'LEY, noun [Latin polium; Greek, from, white.] A plant. The poley grass is of the genus Lythrum.

Poly

POLY, in compound words, is from the Greek, and signifies many; as in polygon, a figure of many angles.

Polyacoustic

POLYACOUS'TIC, adjective [Greek, many, and, to hear.]

That multiplies or magnifies sound; as a noun, an instrument to multiply sounds.

Polyadelph

POL'YADELPH, noun [Greek, many, and, brother.]

In botany, a plant having its stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.

Polyadelphian

POLYADELPH'IAN, adjective Having its stamens united in three or more bundles.

Polyander

POLYAN'DER, noun [Greek, many, and, a male.]

In botany, a plant having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Polyandrian

POLYAN'DRIAN, adjective Having many stamens, that is, any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Polyandry

POLYAN'DRY, noun [supra.] The practice of females' having more husbands than one at the same time; plurality of husbands.

Forster's Obs.

Polyanth

POL'YANTH, or POLYANTH'OS, noun [Greek, many, and, a flower.] A plant of the genus Primula or primrose, whose flower stalks produce flowers in clusters.

Encyc.

Polyautography

POLYAUTOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, many, he himself, and, to write.]

The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting or of manuscripts, by engraving on stone; a species of lithography.

Delasteyrie. Med. Repos.

Polychord

POL'YCHORD, adjective [Greek, many, and chord.]

Having many chords or strings.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Polychrest

POL'YCHREST, noun [Greek, many, and, useful.]

In pharmacy, a medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases. Obs.

Polychroite

POL'YCHROITE, noun [Greek, many, and, to color.] The coloring matter of saffron.

Ure.

Polycotyledon

POLYCOTYL'EDON, noun [Greek, many, and, a cavity.]

In botany, a plant that has many or more than two cotyledons or lobes to the seed.

Martyn.

Polycotyledonous

POLYCOTYLED'ONOUS, adjective Having more than two lobes to the seed.

Polyedric

POLYEDRIC, or POLYEDROUS. [See Polyhedron and Polyhedral.]

Polygam

POL'YGAM, or POLYGAM'IAN, noun [Greek, many, and, marriage.] In botany, a plant which bears hermaphrodite flowers, with male or female flowers, or both, not inclosed in the same common calyx, but scattered either on the same plant, or on two or three distinct individuals.

Martyn.

Polygamian

POLYGAM'IAN, adjective Producing hermaphrodite flowers, with male or female flowers, or both.

Polygamist

POLYG'AMIST, noun [See Polygamy.] A person who maintains the lawfulness of polygamy.

Polygamous

POLYG'AMOUS, adjective Consisting of polygamy.

Encyc.

2. Inclined to polygamy; having a plurality of wives.

Polygamy

POLYG'AMY, noun [Greek, many, and, marriage.]

A plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; or the having of such plurality. When a man has more wives than one, or a woman more husbands than one, at the same time, the offender is punishable for polygamy. Such is the fact in christian countries. But polygamy is allowed in some countries, as in Turkey.

Polygar

POL'YGAR, noun In Hindoostan, an inhabitant of the woods.

Polygenous

POLYG'ENOUS, adjective [Greek, many, and, kind.]

Consisting of many kinds; as a polygenous mountain, which is composed of strata of different species of stone.

Kirwan.

Polyglot

POL'YGLOT, adjective [Greek, many, and, tongue.]

Having or containing many languages; as a polyglot lexicon or Bible.

Polyglot

POL'YGLOT, noun A book containing many languages, particularly the Bible containing the Scriptures in several languages.

2. One who understands many languages. [Not in use.]

Howell.

Polygon

POL'YGON, noun [Greek, many, and, an angle.]

In geometry, a figure of many angles and sides, and whose perimeter consists at least of more than four sides.

Encyc.

Polygonal

POLYG'ONAL, or POLYG'ONOUS, adjective Having many angles.

Lee.

Polygonum

POLYG'ONUM, or POL'YGON, noun [Greek, many, and, knee or knot.]

Knotgrass, a genus of plants so named from the numerous joints in the stem.

Polygram

POL'YGRAM, noun [Greek, many, and, a writing.] A figure consisting of many lines.

Dict.

Polygraph

POL'YGRAPH, noun [See Polygraphy.] An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing with ease and expedition.

Polygraphic

POLYGRAPH'IC, or POLYGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to polygraphy; as a polygraphic instrument.

2. Done with a polygraph; as a polygraphic copy or writing.

Polygraphy

POLYG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, many, and, a writing; to write.]

The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.

Dict. Encyc.

Polygyn

POL'YGYN, noun [Greek, many, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having many pistils.

Polygynian

POLYGYN'IAN, adjective Having many pistils.

Polygyny

POLYG'YNY, noun [Greek, many, and, a female.]

The practice of having more wives than one at the same time.

Forster's Obs.

Polyhalite

POLYHA'LITE, noun [Greek, many, and, salt.]

A mineral or salt occurring in masses of a fibrous structure, of a brick red color, being tinged with iron. It contains sulphates of lime, of magnesia, of potash and of soda.

Cleaveland.

Polyhedral

POLYHE'DRAL, or POLYHE'DROUS, adjective [See Polyhedron.] Having many sides; as a solid body.

Polyhedron

POLYHE'DRON, noun [Greek, many, and, side.]

1. In geometry, a body or solid contained under many sides or planes.

2. In optics, a multiplying glass or lens consisting of several plane surfaces disposed in a convex form.

Encyc.

Polylogy

POLYL'OGY, noun [Greek, many, and, discourse.]

A talking much; talkativeness; garrulity. [Not in use.]

Granger.

Polymathic

POLYMATH'IC, adjective [See Polymathy.] Pertaining to polymathy.

Polymathy

POLYM'ATHY, noun [Greek, many, and, learning; to learn.]

The knowledge of many arts and sciences; acquaintance with many branches of learning or with various subjects.

Johnson. Encyc.

Polymnite

POL'YMNITE, noun [stone of many marshes.]

A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes and ponds.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Polymorph

POL'YMORPH, noun [Greek, many, and, form.]

A name given by Soldani to a numerous tribe or series of shells, which are very small, irregular and singular in form, and which cannot be referred to any known genus.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Polymorphous

POLYMORPH'OUS, adjective [supra.] Having many forms.

Bigelow.

Polyneme

POL'YNEME, noun A fish having a scaly compressed head, with a blunt prominent nose, and pliform appendages to the pectoral fins.

Pennant.

Polynesia

POLYNE'SIA, n. s as z. [Greek, many, and, isle.]

A new term in geography, used to designate a great number of isles in the Pacific ocean, as the Pelew isles, the Ladrones, the Carolines, the Sandwich isles, the Marquesas, the Society isles and the Friendly isles.

De Brosses. Pinkerton.

Polynesian

POLYNE'SIAN, adjective Pertaining to Polynesia.

Polynome

POL'YNOME, noun [Greek, many, and, name.]

In algebra, a quantity consisting of many terms.

Polynomial

POLYNO'MIAL, adjective Containing many names or terms.

Polyonomous

POLYON'OMOUS, adjective [Greek, many, and, name.]

Having many names or titles; many-titled.

Sir Welsh Jones.

Polyonomy

POLYON'OMY, noun [supra.] Variety of different names.

Faber.

Polyoptrum

POLYOP'TRUM, noun [Greek, many, and, to see.]

A glass through which objects appear multiplied.

Polype

POL'YPE, or POL'YPUS, noun [Greek; many, and, foot.]

1. Something that has many feet or roots.

2. In zoology, a species of fresh water insect, belonging to the genus Hydra and order of zoophytes. Of this animal it is remarkable, that if cut into pieces, each part will shoot out a new head and tail and become a distinct animal. The general character of this animal is, it fixes itself by its base, is gelatinous, linear, naked, contractile, and capable of changing place.

Encyc.

The common name of all those small gelatinous animals, whose mouth is surrounded by tentacula or feelers, (whence the name,) and conducts to a simple stomach, or one followed by intestines in the form of vessels. They constitute a distinct class or order of zoophytes, and include those compound animals, with a fixed and solid stem, which were formerly regarded as marine plants (Lithophytes.)

Cuvier.

3. A concretion of blood in the heart and blood vessels.

Parr.

4. A tumor with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear; found in the nose, uterus, &c.

Cooper.

Polypetalous

POLYPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, many, and, a petal.]

In botany, having many petals; as a polypetalous corol.

Martyn.

Polyphonic

POLYPHON'IC, adjective [infra.] Having or consisting of many voices or sounds.

Busby.

Polyphonism

POLYPH'ONISM, or POLYPH'ONY, noun [Greek, many, and, sound.]

Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.

Derham.

Polyphyllous

POLYPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, many, and, leaf.]

In botany, many-leafed; as a polyphyllous calyx or perianth.

Polypier

POL'YPIER, noun The name given to the habitations of polypes, or to the common part of those compound animals called polypes.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Cuvier.

Polypite

POL'YPITE, noun Fossil polype.

Polypode

POL'YPODE, noun [Greek and.] An animal having many feet; the milleped or wood-louse.

Coxe.

Polypody

POLYP'ODY, noun [Latin polypodium, from the Greek. See Polype.]

A plant of the genus Polypodium, of the order of Filices or ferns. The fructifications are in roundish points, scattered over the inferior disk of the frons or leaf. There are numerous species, of which the most remarkable is the common male fern.

Encyc.

Polypous

POL'YPOUS, adjective [from polypus.] Having the nature of the polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; as a polypous concretion.

Arbuthnot.

Polyscope

POL'YSCOPE, noun [Greek, many, and, to view.]

A glass which makes a single object appear as many.

Dict.

Polyspast

POL'YSPAST, noun [Spanish polispastos; Greek, many, and, to draw.]

A machine consisting of many pulleys.

Dict.

Polysperm

POL'YSPERM, noun [Greek, many, and, seed.]

A tree whose fruit contains many seeds.

Evelyn.

Polyspermous

POLYSPERM'OUS, adjective Containing many seeds; as a polyspermous capsule or berry.

Martyn.

Polysyllabic

POLYSYLLAB'IC, or POLYSYLLAB'ICAL, adjective [from polysyllable.] Pertaining to a polysyllable; consisting of many syllables, or of more than three.

Polysyllable

POL'YSYLLABLE, noun [Greek, many, and, a syllable.]

A word of many syllables, that is, consisting of more syllables than three, for words of a less number than four are called monosyllables, dissyllables and trisyllables.

Encyc.

Polysyndeton

POLYSYN'DETON, noun [Greek; many, and, connecting.]

A figure of rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated; as, ``we have ships and men and money and stores.'

Polytechnic

POLYTECH'NIC, adjective [Greek, many, and, art.]

Denoting or comprehending many arts; as a polytechnic school.

Polytheism

POL'YTHEISM, noun [French polytheisme; Greek, many, and, God.]

The doctrine of a plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and having an agency in the government of the world.

Stillingfleet.

Polytheist

POL'YTHEIST, noun A person who believes in or maintains the doctrine of a plurality of gods.

Polytheistic

POLYTHEIS'TIC, or POLYTHEIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to polytheism; as polytheistic belief or worship.

2. Holding a plurality of gods; as a polytheistic writer.

Milner. Encyc.

Pomace

POMACE, noun [from Latin pomum, an apple, Italian pome, Spanish pomo, French pomme.]

The substance of apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. In America, it is so called before and after being pressed. [See Pomp and Pommel.]

Pomaceous

POMA'CEOUS, adjective Consisting of apples; as pomaceous harvests.

Philips.

2. Like pomace.

Pomade

POMA'DE, noun [French pommade; Italian pomata; Spanish pomada, either from pomo, fruit, or from perfuming; poma signifying in Spanish, a perfume-box.] Perfumed ointment. [Little used.]

Pomander

PO'MANDER, noun [French pomme d'ambre. Johnson.]

A sweet ball; a perfumed ball or powder.

Bacon. Shak.

Pomatum

POMA'TUM, noun [French pommade; Italian pomata; Spanish pomada. See Pomade.]

A unguent or composition used in dressing the hair. It is also used in medicine.

Encyc.

Pomatum

POMA'TUM, verb transitive To apply pomatum to the hair.

Dict.

Pome

POME, noun [Latin pomum.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp without valves, containing a capsule or core, as the apple, pear, &c.

Martyn.

Pome

POME, verb intransitive [French pommer.] To grow to a head, or form a head in growing. [Not used.]

Dict.

Pomecitron

POMECIT'RON, noun A citron apple.

B. Jonson.

Pomegranate

POMEGRAN'ATE, noun [Latin pomum, an apple, and granatum, grained. See Grain and Granate.]

1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Punica. This fruit is as large as an orange, having a hard rind filled with a soft pulp and numerous seeds. It is of a reddish color.

2. The tree that produces pomegranates.

3. An ornament resembling a pomegranate, on the robe and ephod of the Jewish high priest.

Pomegranate-Tree

POMEGRANATE-TREE, noun The tree which produces pomegranates.

Pomeroy

PO'MEROY, or POMEROY'AL, noun Royal apple; a particular sort of apple.

Ainsworth.

Pome-Water

PO'ME-WATER, noun A sort of apple.

Shak.

Pomiferous

POMIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin pomum, an apple, and fero, to produce.]

Apple-bearing; an epithet applied to plants which bear the larger fruits, such as melons, gourds, pumpkins, cucumbers, &c. in distinction from the bacciferous or berry-bearing plants.

Ray. Arbuthnot.

Pomme

POMME, or POMMETTE, noun In heraldry, a cross with one or more knobs at each of the ends.

Encyc.

Pommel

POMMEL, noun [French pommeau; Italian pomo, an apple; pomo della spada, the pommel of a hilt; Spanish pomo, Latin pomum, an apple, or a similar fruit; Welsh pwmp, a round mass or lump.]

1. A knob or ball. 2 Chronicles 4.

2. The knob on the hilt of a sword; the protuberant part of a saddle-bow; the round knob on the frame of a chair, &c.

Pommel

POMMEL, verb transitive [from the noun.] To beat as with a pommel, that is, with something thick or bulky; to bruise.

[The French se pommeler, to grow dapple, to curdle, is from the same source; but the sense is to make knobs or lumps, and hence to variegate, or make spots like knobs. The Welsh have from the same root, or pwmp, a mass, pwmpiaw, to form a round mass, and to thump, to bang, to bump.]

Pommeled

POMMELED, participle passive Beaten; bruised.

2. In heraldry, having pommels; as a sword or dagger.

Pommelion

POMME'LION, noun [from pommel.] The cascabel or hindmost knob of a cannon.

Mar. Dict.

Pomp

POMP, noun [Latin pompa; French pompe; Armoric pomp; pompadi, to boast; Italian Spanish pompa; Swedish pomp; Dutch pomp, a pump, and pompoen, a gourd, a pumpkin; German pomp, show, and pumpe, a pump. These words appear to be all of one family, coinciding with Latin bombus, Spanish bomba, bomb, bombast. The radical sense is to swell or dilate; Greek,.]

1. A procession distinguished by ostentation of grandeur and splendor; as the pomp of a Roman triumph.

2. Show of magnificence; parade; splendor.

Hearts formed for love, but doom'd in vain to glow

In prison'd pomp, and weep in splendid woe.

Dutch Humphreys.

Pompatic

POMPAT'IC, adjective [Low Latin pompaticus, pompatus.]

Pompous; splendid; ostentatious. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Pompet

POMP'ET, noun The ball which printers use to black the types.

Cotgrave.

Pompholyx

POM'PHOLYX, noun [Latin from Greek; a tumor; a blast, a puff, a bubble, a pustule. See Pomp.]

The white oxyd which sublimes during the combustion of zink; called flowers of zink. It rises and adheres to the dome of the furnace and the covers of crucibles.

Hill. Nicholson. Ure.

Pompion

POMP'ION, noun [Dutch pompoen, a pumpkin, a gourd; Swedish pumpa. See Pomp and Pomace.]

A pumpkin; a plant and its fruit of the genus Cucurbita.

Pompire

POM'PIRE, noun [Latin pomum, apple, and pyrus, pear.] A sort of pearmain.

Ainsworth.

Pomposity

POMPOS'ITY, noun [Italian pompositÃƒ- .] Pompousness; ostentation; boasting.

Aikin.

Pompous

POMP'OUS, adjective [French pompeux; Italian pomposo.]

1. Displaying pomp; showy with grandeur; splendid; magnificent; as a pompous procession; a pompous triumph.

2. Ostentatious; boastful; as a pompous account of private adventures.

Pompously

POMP'OUSLY, adverb With great parade or display; magnificently; splendidly; ostentatiously.

Dryden.

Pompousness

POMP'OUSNESS, noun The state of being pompous; magnificence; splendor; great display of show; ostentatiousness.

Addison.

Pom-Water

POM'-WATER, noun The name of a large apple.

Dict.

Pond

POND, noun [Spanish Portugese Italian pantano, a pool of stagnant water, also in Spanish hinderance, obstacle, difficulty. The name imports standing water, from setting or confining. It may be allied to Latin pono; Saxon pyndan, to pound, to pen, to restrain, and Latin pontus, the sea, may be of the same family.]

1. A body of stagnant water without an outlet, larger than a puddle, and smaller than a lake; or a like body of water with a small outlet. In the United States, we give this name to collections of water in the interior country, which are fed by springs, and from which issues a small stream. These ponds are often a mile or two or even more in length, and the current issuing from them is used to drive the wheels of mills and furnaces.

2. A collection of water raised in a river by a dam, for the purpose of propelling millwheels. These artificial ponds are called mill-ponds.

Pond for fish. [See Fish-pond.]

Pond

POND, verb transitive [from the noun.] To make a pond; to collect in a pond by stopping the current of a river.

Pond

POND, verb transitive To ponder. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Ponder

PON'DER, verb transitive [Latin pondero, from pondo, pondus, a pound; pendeo, pendo, to weigh; Pers. pindashatan, and bandazidan, to think, to consider.]

1. To weigh in the mind; to consider and compare the circumstances or consequences of an event, or the importance of the reasons for or against a decision.

Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. Luke 2.

2. To view with deliberation; to examine.

Ponder the path of thy feet. Proverbs 4.

The Lord pondereth the hearts. Proverbs 21.

To ponder on, is sometimes used, but is not to be countenanced.

Ponderable

PON'DERABLE, adjective That may be weighed; capable of being weighed.

Brown.

Ponderal

PON'DERAL, adjective [from Latin pondus, weight.]

Estimated or ascertained by weight, as distinguished from numeral; as a ponderal drachma.

Arbuthnot.

Ponderance

PON'DERANCE, noun Weight; gravity.

Gregory.

Ponderate

PON'DERATE, verb transitive To weigh in the mind; to consider. [Not in use.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Ponderation

PONDERA'TION, noun The act of weighing. [Little used.]

Arbuthnot.

Pondered

PON'DERED, participle passive Weighed in the mind; considered; examined by intellectual operation.

Ponderer

PON'DERER, noun One that weighs in his mind.

Whitlock.

Pondering

PON'DERING, participle of the present tense Weighing intellectually; considering; deliberating on.

Ponderingly

PON'DERINGLY, adverb With consideration or deliberation.

Hammond.

Ponderosity

PONDEROS'ITY, noun Weight; gravity; heaviness.

Brown. Ray.

Ponderous

PON'DEROUS, adjective [Latin ponderosus; Italian Spanish Portugese ponderoso.]

1. Very heavy; weighty; as a ponderous shield; a ponderous load.

2. Important; momentous; as a ponderous project. [This application of the word is unusual.]

3. Forcible; strongly impulsive; as a motion vehement or ponderous; a ponderous blow.

Bacon. Dryden.

Ponderous spar, heavy spar, or baryte.

Ponderously

PON'DEROUSLY, adverb With great weight.

Ponderousness

PON'DEROUSNESS, noun Weight; heaviness; gravity.

Boyle.

Pond-Weed

POND'-WEED, noun [pond and weed.] A plant of the genus Potamogeton. The tripleheaded pond-weed is of the genus Zannichellia.

Ponent

PO'NENT, adjective [Italian ponente, the west; Latin ponens, from pono, to set.]

Western; as the ponent winds. [Little used.]

Milton.

Pongo

PON'GO, noun A name of the orang outang.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

The name pongo was applied by Buffon to a large species of orang outang, which is now ascertained to have been an imaginary animal. It is applied by Cuvier to the largest species of ape known, which inhabits Borneo, and resembles the true orang outang in its general from and erect position, but has the cheek pouches and lengthened muzzle of the baboon. It has also been applied (Ed. Encyc.) to the Simia troglodytes or chimpanzee of Cuvier, a native of Welsh Africa.

Cuvier. Ed. Encyc.

Poniard

PONIARD, noun pon'yard. [French poignard; Italian pugnale; Spanish puÃƒ-±al; Portugese punhal. There is an appearance of the formation of this word from the name of the fist, French poing, Spanish puÃƒ-±o, Italian pugno, Latin pugnus; but this is not obvious.]

A small dagger; a pointed instrument for stabbing, borne in the hand or at the girdle, or in the pocket.

Encyc.

Poniard

PONIARD, verb transitive pon'yard. To pierce with a poniard; to stab.

Ponk

PONK, noun [qu. Welsh pwca, bwg, a hobgoblin; Icelandic puke.]

A nocturnal spirit; a hag. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Pontage

PONT'AGE, noun [Latin pons, pontis, a bridge, Spanish puente, Welsh pont.]

A duty paid for repairing bridges.

Ayliffe.

Pontee

PONTEE', noun In glass works, an iron instrument used to stick the glass at the bottom, for the more convenient fashioning the neck of it.

Cyc.

Pontic

PONT'IC, adjective [Latin Pontus, the Euxine sea, Greek.]

Pertaining to the Pontas, Euxine, or Black Sea.

J. Barlow.

Pontif

PONT'IF, noun [French pontife; Latin pontifex; said to be from pons, a bridge, and facio, to make.]

A high priest. The Romans had a college of pontifs; the Jews had their pontifs; and in modern times, the pope is called pontif or sovereign pontif.

Encyc.

Pontific

PONTIF'IC, adjective Relating to priests; popish.

Milton. Shenstone.

Pontifical

PONTIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin pontificalis.] Belonging to a high priest; as pontifical authority; hence, belonging to the pope; popish.

Raleigh.

2. Splendid; magnificent.

Shak.

3. Bridge-building. [Not used.]

Milton.

Pontifical

PONTIF'ICAL, noun A book containing rites and ceremonies ecclesiastical.

South. Stillingfleet.

2. The dress and ornaments of a priest or bishop.

Lowth.

Pontificality

PONTIFICAL'ITY, noun The state and government of the pope; the papacy. [Not used.]

Usher.

Pontifically

PONTIF'ICALLY, adv. In a pontifical manner.

Pontificate

PONTIF'ICATE, noun [Latin pontificatus.] The state or dignity of a high priest; particularly, the office or dignity of the pope.

He turned hermit in the view of being advanced to the pontificate.

Addison.

2. The reign of a pope.

Painting, sculpture and architecture may all recover themselves under the present pontificate.

Addison.

Pontifice

PONT'IFICE, noun Bridge-work; structure or edifice of a bridge. [Little used.]

Milton.

Pontificial

PONTIFI'CIAL, adjective Popish.

Burton.

Pontifician

PONTIFI'CIAN, adjective Popish; papistical.

Hall.

Pontifician

PONTIFI'CIAN, noun One that adheres to the pope; a papist.

Mountague.

Pontine

PON'TINE, or POMP'TINE, adjective [Latin pontina, a lake.] Designating a large marsh between Rome and Naples.

Pontlevis

PONT'LEVIS, noun In horsemanship, a disorderly resisting of a horse by rearing repeatedly on his hind legs, so as to be in danger of coming over.

Bailey.

Pontoon

PONTOON', noun [French Spanish ponton, from French pont, Latin pons, a bridge, probably from the root of pono, to lay.]

1. A flat-bottomed boat, whose frame of wood is covered and lined with tin, or covered with copper; used in forming bridges over rivers for armies.

Encyc.

2. A lighter; a low flat vessel resembling a barge, furnished with cranes, capstans and other machinery; used in careening ships, chiefly in the Mediterranean.

Mar. Dict.

Pontoon-bridge, is a bridge formed with pontoons, anchored or made fast in two lines, about five feet asunder.

Cyc.

Pontoon-carriage, is made with two wheels only, and two long side pieces, whose fore ends are supported by timbers.

Cyc.

Pony

PO'NY, noun A small horse.

Pood

POOD, noun A Russian weight, equal to 40 Russian or 36 English pounds.

Pool

POOL, noun [Saxon pol, pul; Dutch poel; German pfuhl; Danish pÃƒ-¶l; Welsh pwll, a pool or pit; Armoric

poul; Latin palus; Greek; probably from setting, standing, like Latin stagnum, or from issuing, as a spring.]

A small collection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring, and discharging its surplus water by an outlet. It is smaller than a lake, and in New England is never confounded with pond or lake. It signifies with us, a spring with a small bason or reservoir on the surface of the earth. It is used by writers with more latitude, and sometimes signifies a body of stagnant water.

Milton. Encyc. Bacon.

Pool

POOL, or POULE, noun [French poule.] The stakes played for in certain games of cards.

Southern.

Poop

POOP, noun [French poupe; Italian poppa; Spanish popa; Latin puppis; probably a projection.]

The highest and aftmost part of a ship's deck.

Mar. Dict.

Poop

POOP, verb transitive To strike upon the stern, as a heavy sea.

2. To strike the stern, as one vessel that runs her stem against another's stern.

Mar. Dict.

Pooping

POOP'ING, noun The shock of a heavy sea on the stern or quarter of a ship, when scudding in a tempest; also, the action of one ship's running her stem against another's stern.

Mar. Dict.

Poor

POOR, adjective [Latin pauper; French pauvre; Spanish pobre; Italian povero; Armoric paour; Norm. pour, power.]

1. Wholly destitute of property, or not having property sufficient for a comfortable subsistence; needy. It is often synonymous with indigent, and with necessitous, denoting extreme want; it is also applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property, but are not rich; as a poor man or woman; poor people.

2. In law, so destitute of property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public.

3. Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity; barren; mean; jejune; as a poor composition; a poor essay; a poor discourse.

4. Destitute of value, worth or importance; of little use; trifling.

That I have wronged no man, will be a poor plea or apology at the last day.

Calamy.

5. Paltry; mean; of little value; as a poor coat; a poor house.

6. Destitute of fertility; barren; exhausted; as poor land. The ground is become poor.

7. Of little worth; unimportant; as in my poor opinion.

Swift.

8. Unhappy; pitiable.

Vex'd sailors curse the rain

For which poor shepherds pray'd in vain.

Waller.

9. Mean; depressed; low; dejected; destitute of spirit.

A soothsayer made Antonius believe that his genius, which was otherwise brave, was, in the presence of Octavianus, poor and cowardly.

Bacon.

10. Lean; emaciated; as a poor horse. The ox is poor.

11. Small, or of a bad quality; as a poor crop; a poor harvest.

12. Uncomfortable; restless; ill. The patient has had a poor night.

13. Destitute of saving grace. Revelation 3.

14. In general, wanting good qualities, or the qualities which render a thing valuable, excellent, proper, or sufficient for its purpose; as a poor pen; a poor ship; a poor carriage; poor fruit; poor bread; poor wine, &c.

15. A word of tenderness or pity; dear.

Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing.

Prior.

16. A word of slight contempt; wretched.

The poor monk never saw many of the decrees and councils he had occasion to use.

Baker.

17. The poor, collectively, used as a noun; those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy; in a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public.

I have observed the more public provisions are made for the poor, the less they provide for themselves.

Franklin.

Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble; contrite; abased in one's own sight by a sense of guilt. Matthew 5.

Poorjohn

POOR'JOHN, noun A sort of fish [callarius] of the genus Gadus.

Ainsworth.

Poorly

POOR'LY, adverb Without wealth; in indigence or want of the conveniences and comforts of life; as, to live poorly.

Sidney.

2. With little or no success; with little growth, profit or advantage; as, wheat grows poorly on the Atlantic borders of New England; these men have succeeded poorly in business.

3. Meanly; without spirit.

Nor is their courage or their wealth so low,

That from his wars they poorly would retire.

Dryden.

4. Without excellence or dignity. He performs poorly in elevated characters.

Poorly

POOR'LY, adjective Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health; a common use of the word in America.

For three or four weeks past I have lost ground, having been poorly in health.

Th. Scott.

Poorness

POOR'NESS, noun Destitution of property; indigence; poverty; want; as the poorness of the exchequer.

No less I hate him than the gates of hell,

That poorness can force an untruth to tell.

Chapman.

[In this sense, we generally use poverty.]

2. Meanness; lowness; want of dignity; as the poorness of language.

3. Want of spirit; as poorness and degeneracy of spirit.

Addison.

4. Barrenness; sterility; as the poorness of land or soil.

3. Unproductiveness; want of the metallic substance; as the poorness of ore.

6. Smallness or bad quality; as the poorness of crops or of grain.

7. Want of value or importance; as the poorness of a plea.

8. Want of good qualities, or the proper qualities which constitute a thing good in its kind; as the poorness of a ship or of cloth.

9. Narrowness; barrenness; want of capacity.

Spectator.

Poorness of spirit, in a theological sense, true humility or contrition of heart on account of sin.

Poor-Spirited

POOR-SPIR'ITED, adjective Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base.

Denham.

Poor-Spiritedness

POOR-SPIR'ITEDNESS, noun Meanness or baseness of spirit; cowardice.

South.

Pop

POP, noun [Dutch poep. The primary sense is to drive or thrust.]

A small smart quick sound or report.

Spectator.

Pop

POP, verb intransitive To enter or issue forth with a quick, sudden motion.

I startled at his popping upon me unexpectedly.

Addison.

2. To dart; to start from place to place suddenly.

Swift.

Pop

POP, verb transitive To thrust or push suddenly with a quick motion.

He popp'd a paper into his hand.

Milton.

Did'st thou never pop

Thy head into a tinman's shop?

Prior.

To pop off, to thrust away; to shift off.

Locke.

Pop

POP, adverb Suddenly; with sudden entrance or appearance.

Pope

POPE, noun [Greek,; Low Latin papa; Hindoo, bab; Turkish, baba; Bythinian, pappas; Spanish Italian Portugese papa; French pape; Scythian, papa. The word denotes father, and is among the first words articulated by children.]

1. The bishop of Rome, the head of the catholic church.

Encyc.

2. A small fish, called also a ruff.

Walton.

Popedom

PO'PEDOM, noun The place, office or dignity of the pope; papal dignity.

Shak.

2. The jurisdiction of the pope.

Pope-Joan

PO'PE-JOAN, noun A game of cards.

Jenner.

Popeling

PO'PELING, noun An adherent of the pope.

Popery

PO'PERY, noun The religion of the church of Rome, comprehending doctrines and practices.

Swift. Encyc.

Popes-Eye

PO'PE'S-EYE, noun [pope and eye.] The gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh.

Johnson.

Popgun

POP'GUN, noun A small gun or tube used by children to shoot wads and make a noise.

Cheyne.

Popinjay

POP'INJAY, noun [Spanish papagayo; papa and gayo; Portugese id.; Italian pappagallo.]

1. A parrot.

Grew.

2. A woodpecker, a bird with a gay head.

Peacham.

The green woodpecker, with a scarlet crown, a native of Europe.

Ed. Encyc.

3. A gay, trifling young man; a fop or coxcomb.

Shak.

Popish

PO'PISH, adjective Relating to the pope; taught by the pope; pertaining to the pope or to the church of Rome; as popish tenets or ceremonies.

Popishly

PO'PISHLY, adverb In a popish manner; with a tendency to popery; as, to be popishly affected or inclined.

Poplar

POP'LAR, noun [Latin populus; French peuplier; Italian pioppo; Dutch populier; German pappel, poplar and mallows; Swedish poppel-trÃƒ-¥d; Irish pobhlar.]

A tree of the genus Populus, of several species, as the abele, the white poplar, the black poplar, the aspen-tree, &c. It is numbered among the aquatic trees.

Encyc.

Poplin

POP'LIN, noun A stuff made of silk and worsted.

Popliteal

POPLIT'EAL, or POPLIT'IC, adjective [from Latin poples, the ham.]

Pertaining to the ham or knee joint.

Med. Repos.

Poppet

POPPET, [See Puppet.]

Poppy

POP'PY, noun [Saxon popeg; Welsh pabi; French pavot; Latin papaver; Italian papavero.]

A plant of the genus Papaver, of several species, from one of which, the somniferum or white poppy, is collected opium. This is the milky juice of the capsule when half grown, which exsudes from incisions in the cortical part of the capsule, is scraped off, and worked in an iron pot in the sun's heat, till it is of a consistence to form cakes.

Encyc.

Populace

POP'ULACE, noun [French from the Italian popolaccio, from Latin populus. See People.]

The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, education, office, profession or erudition.

Pope. Swift.

Populacy

POP'ULACY, noun The populace or common people.

K. Charles.

Popular

POP'ULAR, adjective [French populaire; Italian popolare; Spanish popular; Latin popularis. See People.]

1. Pertaining to the common people; as the popular voice; popular elections.

So the popular vote inclines.

Milton.

2. Suitable to common people; familiar; plain; easy to be comprehended; not critical or abstruse.

Homilies are plain and popular instructions.

Hooker.

3. Beloved by the people; enjoying the favor of the people; pleasing to people in general; as a popular governor; a popular preacher; a popular ministry; a popular discourse; a popular administration; a popular war or peace. Suspect the man who endeavors to make that popular which is wrong.

4. Ambitious; studious of the favor of the people.

A popular man is in truth no better than a prostitute to common fame and to the people.

Dryden.

[This sense is not usual. It is more customary to apply this epithet to a person who has already gained the favor of the people.]

5. Prevailing among the people; extensively prevalent; as a popular disease.

6. In law, a popular action is one which gives a penalty to the person that sues for the same.

Blackstone.

[Note. Popular, at least in the United States, is not synonymous with vulgar; the latter being applied to the lower classes of people, the illiterate and low bred; the former is applied to all classes, or to the body of the people, including a great portion at least of well educated citizens.]

Popularity

POPULAR'ITY, noun [Latin popularitas.] Favor of the people; the state of possessing the affections and confidence of the people in general; as the popularity of the ministry; the popularity of a public officer or of a preacher. It is applied also to things; as the popularity of a law or public measure; the popularity of a book or poem. The most valuable trait in a patriot's character is to forbear all improper compliances for gaining popularity.

I have long since learned the little value which is to be placed in popularity, acquired by any other way than virtue; I have also learned that it is often obtained by other means.

P. Henry, Wirt's Sketches.

The man whose ruling principle is dutyÃ‚--is never perplexed with anxious corroding calculations of interest and popularity.

J. Hawes.

2. Representation suited to vulgar or common conception; that which is intended or adapted to procure the favor of the people. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Popularize

POP'ULARIZE, verb transitive To make popular or common; to spread among the people; as, to popularize philosophy or physics; to popularize a knowledge of chimical principles.

Beddoes. Ure.

Popularized

POP'ULARIZED, participle passive Made popular, or introduced among the people.

Popularizing

POP'ULARIZING, participle of the present tense Making popular, or introducing among the people.

Popularly

POP'ULARLY, adverb In a popular manner; so as to please the populace.

The victor knight,

Bareheaded, popularly low had bow'd.

Dryden.

2. According to the conceptions of the common people.

Brown.

Populate

POP'ULATE, verb intransitive [Italian popolare, from Latin populus.]

To breed people; to propagate.

When there be great shoals of people which go on to populate.

Bacon.

Populate

POP'ULATE, verb transitive To people; to furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase, or by immigration or colonization.

Populate

POPULATE, for populous, is not now in use.

Populated

POP'ULATED, participle passive Furnished with inhabitants; peopled.

Populating

POP'ULATING, participle of the present tense Peopling.

Population

POPULA'TION, noun The act or operation of peopling or furnishing with inhabitants; multiplication of inhabitants. The value of our western lands is annually enhanced by population.

U. States.

2. The whole number of people or inhabitants in a country. The population of England is estimated at ten millions of souls; that of the United States in 1823, was ten millions.

A country may have a great population, and yet not be populous.

Tooke.

3. The state of a country with regard to its number of inhabitants, or rather with regard to its numbers compared with their expenses, consumption of goods and productions, and earnings.

Neither is the population to be reckoned only by number; for a small number that spend more and earn less, do wear out an estate sooner than a greater number that live lower and gather more.

Bacon.

Populosity

POPULOS'ITY, noun Populousness. [Not used.]

Brown.

Populous

POP'ULOUS, adjective [Latin populosus.] Full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country. A territory containing fifteen or twenty inhabitants to a square mile is not a populous country. The Netherlands, and some parts of Italy, containing a hundred and fifty inhabitants to a square mile, are deemed populous.

Populously

POP'ULOUSLY, adverb With many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of country.

Populousness

POP'ULOUSNESS, noun The state of having many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of country.

By populousness, in contradistinction to population, is understood the proportion the number bears to the surface of the ground they live on.

Tooke.

Porcated

POR'CATED, adjective [Latin porca, a ridge.] Ridged; formed in ridges.

Asiat. Res.

Porcelain

POR'CELAIN, noun [Spanish Portugese porcelana; Italian porcellana, signifying porcelain and purslain, a plant; French porcelaine, porcelain, the sea-snail, the purple fish, and purslain; Armoric pourcelinnen. Our purslain is doubtless from the Latin portulaca, as Pliny writes it, or porculata, as others write it. But I know not the reason of the name.]

1. The finest species of earthern ware, originally manufactured in China and Japan, but now made in several European countries. All earthern wares which are white and semi-transparent, are called porcelains, but they differ much in their fineness and beauty. The porcelain of China is said to be made of two species of earth, the petuntse, which is fusible, and the kaolin, which is not fusible, or not with the degree of heat which fuses the petuntse, and that in porcelain the substances are only semi-vitrified, or one substance only is vitrified, the other not. Hence it is concluded that porcelain is an intermediate substance between earth and glass. Hence the second degree of fusibility, of which emollescence is the first, is called by Kirwan the porcelain state.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Nicholson. Kirwan. Encyc.

2. The plant called purslain, which seq.

Ainsworth.

Porcellaneous

PORCELLA'NEOUS, adjective [from porcelain.] Pertaining to or resembling porcelain; as porcellaneous shells.

Hatchett.

Porcellanite

POR'CELLANITE, noun A silicious mineral, a species of jasper, of various colors. It seems to be formed accidentally in coal mines which have indurated and semi-vitrified beds of coal-shale or slate-clay. It is sometimes marked with vegetable impressions of a brick red color.

Kirwan, from Peithner. Cyc. Cleaveland.

Porch

PORCH, noun [French porche, from Latin porticus, from porta, a gate, entrance or passage, or from portus, a shelter.]

1. In architecture, a kind of vestibule supported by columns at the entrance of temples, halls, churches or other buildings.

Encyc.

2. A portico; a covered walk.

3. By way of distinction, the porch, was a public portico in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, taught his disciples. It was called, the painted porch, from the pictures of Polygnotus and other eminent painters, with which it was adorned. Hence, the Porch is equivalent to the school of the Stoics.

Enfield.

Porcine

POR'CINE, adjective [Latin porcinus, from porcus. See Pork.]

Pertaining to swine; as the porcine species of animals.

Gregory.

Porcupine

POR'CUPINE, noun [Italian porco-spinoso, the spinous hog or spine-hog; Latin porcus, Welsh porc, a pig, and Latin spina, a spine or thorn. So in French, porc-epic, the spike-hog; Spanish puerco-espin; Portugese porco-espinho; Dutch yzervarken, iron-hog; German stachelschwein, thornswine; Swedish pinsvin, Danish pindsviin, pinswine.]

In zoology, a quadruped of the genus Hystrix. The crested porcupine has a body about two feet in length, four toes on each of the fore feet, and five on each of the hind feet, a crested head, a short tail, and the upper lip divided like that of the hare. The body is covered with prickles which are very sharp, and some of them nine or ten inches long; these he can erect at pleasure. When attacked, he rolls his body into a round form, in which position the prickles are presented in every direction to the enemy. This species is a native of Africa and Asia.

Encyc.

Porcupine-Fish

POR'CUPINE-FISH, noun A fish which is covered with spines or prickles. It is of the diodon kind, and about fourteen inches in length.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pore

PORE, noun [French pore; Spanish Italian poro; Greek, from the root of, to go, to pass, Saxon faran, to. See Fare. The word then signifies a passage.]

1. In anatomy, a minute interstice in the skin of an animal, through which the perspirable matter passes to the surface or is excreted.

2. A small spiracle, opening or passage in other substances; as the pores of plants or of stones.

Quincy. Dryden.

Pore

PORE, verb intransitive [Qu. Greek, to inspect. In Spanish porrear is to dwell long on, to persist importunately; porro, dull; Welsh para, to continue, to persevere.]

To look with steady continued attention or application. To pore on, is to read or examine with steady perseverance, to dwell on; and the word seems to be limited in its application to the slow patient reading or examination of books, or something written or engraved.

Painfully to pore upon a book.

Shak.

With sharpened sight pale antiquaries pore.

Pope.

Pore-Blind

PO'RE-BLIND, or PUR'BLIND, adjective [Qu. Greek.] Nearsighted; short-sighted.

Bacon.

Porer

PO'RER, noun One who pores or studies diligently.

Temple.

Porgy

POR'GY, noun A fish of the gilt-head kind.

Poriness

PO'RINESS, noun [from pory.] The state of being pory or having numerous pores.

Wiseman.

Porism

PO'RISM, noun [Greek, acquisition, from, to gain, from, a passing; to pass.]

In geometry, a name given by ancient geometers to two classes of propositions. Euclid gave this name to propositions involved in others which he was investigating, and obtained without a direct view to their discovery. These he called acquisitions, but such propositions are now called corollaries. A porism is defined, ``a proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will render a certain problem indeterminate or capable of innumerable solutions.' It is not a theorem, nor a problem, or rather it includes both. It asserts that a certain problem may become indeterminate, and so far it partakes of the nature of a theorem, and in seeking to discover the conditions by which this may be effected, it partakes of the nature of a problem.

Encyc.

Poristic

PORIS'TIC, or PORIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to a porism; seeking to determine by what means and in how many ways a problem may be solved.

Porite

PO'RITE, noun plu. porites. A petrified madrepore.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pork

PORK, noun [Latin porcus, a hog or pig; French porc; Welsh porÃƒ-§; Armoric porcq, porchell. Qu. from the shape of his back, Latin porca, a ridge; or from his snout and rooting. In Saxon berga is a barrow.]

The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for food.

Pork-Eater

PORK-EATER, noun One that feeds on swine's flesh.

Shak.

Porker

PORKER, noun A hog; a pig. [Not used in America.]

Pope.

Porket

PORKET, noun A young hog.

Dryden.

Porkling

PORKLING, noun A pig.

Tusser.

Porosity

POROS'ITY, noun [from porous.] The quality or state of having pores or interstices.

Bacon.

Porous

PO'ROUS, adjective [from pore.] Having interstices in the skin or substance of the body; having spiracles or passages for fluids; as a porous skin; porous wood; porous earth.

Milton. Chapman.

Porousness

PO'ROUSNESS, noun The quality of having pores; porosity; as the porousness of the skin of an animal, or of wood, or of fossils.

2. The porous parts. [Not authorized.]

Digby.

Porpess

POR'PESS, noun [Italian porco, a hog, and pesce, fish; hog-fish, called by other nations, sea-hog, German meerschwein, French marsouin, Danish Swedish Norwegian, marsvin, Swedish hafssvin. In Welsh morhwc, sea-hog, is the name of the dolphin and grampus, from the resemblance of these animals to the hog, probably from the roundness of the back, as they appear in the water.]

In zoology, a cetaceous fish of the genus Delphinus, whose back is usually blackish or brown, whence it is called in Dutch, bruinvisch, brown fish; the body is thick towards the head, but more slender towards the tail, which is semi-lunar. This fish preys on other fish, and seeks food not only by swimming, but by rooting like a hog in the sand and mud, whence some persons suppose the name has been given to it.

Of cetaceous fish, we met with porpesses, or as some sailors call them, sea-hogs.

Kalm's Travels.

Porphyritic

PORPHYRIT'IC, or PORPHYRA'CEOUS, adjective [See Porphyry.] Pertaining to porphyry; resembling porphyry.

2. Containing or composed of porphyry; as porphyraceous mountains.

Kirwan.

Porphyrize

POR'PHYRIZE, verb transitive To cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in its composition.

Cooper.

Porphyry

POR'PHYRY, noun [Greek, purple; Latin porphyrites; French porphyre; Italian Spanish porfido.]

A mineral consisting of a homogeneous ground with crystals of some other mineral imbedded, giving to the mass a speckled complexion. One variety of Egyptian porphyry has a purple ground, whence the name of the species; but the homogeneous ground with imbedded crystals, being all that is essential to porphyry, its composition and colors are consequently various.

Dutch Olmsted.

Porphyry is very hard, and susceptible to a fine polish.

Porphyry is composed of paste in which are disseminated a multitude of little angular and granuliform parts, of a color different from the ground.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Porphyry-Shell

PORPHYRY-SHELL, noun An animal or shell of the genus Murex. It is of the snail kind, the shell consisting of one spiral valve. From one species of this genus was formerly obtained a liquor that produced the Tyrian purple.

Porpite

POR'PITE, or POR'PITES, noun The hair-button-stone, a small species of fossil coral of a roundish figure, flattened and striated from the center to the circumference; found immersed in stone.

Encyc.

Porraceous

PORRA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin porraceus, from porrum, a leek or onion.] Greenish; resembling the leek in color.

Wiseman.

Porrection

PORREC'TION, noun [Latin porrectio, porrigo; per or por, for, fore, and rego, to reach.] The act of stretching forth. [Not used.]

Porret

POR'RET, noun[Latin porrum; Italian porro, porretta, a leek.] A scallion; a leek or small onion.

Brown.

Porridge

POR'RIDGE, noun [Qu. pottage, by corruption, or Latin farrago, or from porrum, a leek.] A kind of food made by boiling meat in water; broth.

Johnson.

This mixture is usually called in America, broth or soup, but not porridge. With us, porridge is a mixture of meal or flour, boiled with water. Perhaps this distinction is not always observed.

Porridge-Pot

POR'RIDGE-POT, noun The pot in which flesh, or flesh and vegetables are boiled for food.

Porringer

POR'RINGER, noun [Qu. porridge, or French potager; Cornish podzher.]

1. A small metal vessel in which children eat porridge or milk, or used in the nursery for warming liquors.

2. A head-dress in the shape of a porringer; in contempt.

Shak.

Port

PORT, noun [French from Latin portus; Spanish puerto; Italian porto; Armoric porz; Welsh porth; from Latin porto, to carry, Greek, Latin fero, to bear. The Welsh porth unites the significations of Latin porta and portus, and the Greek and are probably of one family. The primary sense of Latin portus, port, is probably an entrance, place of entrauce or passage.]

1. A harbor; a haven; any bay, cove, inlet or recess of the sea or of a lake or the mouth of a river, which ships or vessels can enter, and where they can lie safe from injury by storms. Ports may be natural or artificial, and sometimes works of art, as piers and moles, are added to the natural shores of a place to render a harbor more safe. The word port is generally applied to spacious harbors much resorted to by ships, as the port of London or of Boston, and not to small bays or coves which are entered occasionally, or in stress of weather only. Harbor includes all places of safety for shipping.

2. A gate. [Latin porta.]

From their ivory port the cherubim

Forth issued.

Milton.

3. An embrasure or opening in the side of a ship of war, through which cannon are discharged; a port-hole.

Raleigh.

4. The lid which shuts a port-hole.

Mar. Dict.

5. Carriage; air; mien; manner of movement or walk; demeanor; external appearance; as a proud port; the port of a gentleman.

Their port was more than human.

Milton.

With more terrific port

Thou walkest.

Philips.

6. In seamen's language, the larboard or left side of a ship; as in the phrase, ``the ship heels to port.' ``Port the helm,' is an order to put the helm to the larboard side.

7. A kind of wine made in Portugal; so called from Oporto.

Encyc.

Port

PORT, verb transitive To carry in form; as ported spears.

Milton.

2. To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship. See the noun, No. 6. It is used in the imperative.

Portable

PORTABLE, adjective [Italian portabile, from Latin porto, to carry.]

1. That may be carried by the hand or about the person, on horseback, or in a traveling vehicle; not bulky or heavy; that may be easily conveyed from place to place with one's traveling baggage; as a portable bureau or secretary.

2. That may be carried from place to place.

3. That may be borne along with one.

The pleasure of the religious man is an easy and portable pleasure.

South.

4. Sufferable; supportable. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Portableness

PORTABLENESS, noun The quality of being protable.

Portage

PORTAGE, noun [French See Port.] The act of carrying.

2. The price of carriage.

Fell.

3. A port-hole. [Unusual.]

Shak.

4. A carrying place over land between navigable waters.

Jefferson. Gallatin.

Portal

PORTAL, noun [Italian portella; French portail.] In architecture, a little gate, where there are two gates of different dimensions.

Encyc.

2. A little square corner of a room, separated from the rest by a wainscot, and forming a short passage into a room.

Encyc.

3. A kind of arch of joiner's work before a door.

Encyc.

4. A gate; an opening for entrance; as the portals of heaven.

Portance

PORTANCE, noun [from French porter, to carry.] Air; mien; carriage; port; demeanor. [Obs.]

Spenser. Shak.

Portass

PORTASS, noun A breviary; a prayer book. [portuis, porthose.] [Not used.]

Spenser. Camden. Chaucer.

Portative

PORTATIVE, adjective [French portatif.] Portable. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Port-Bar

PORT-BAR, noun A bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale of wind.

Port-charges, in commerce, charges to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &c.

Port-Crayon

PORT-CRAYON, noun A pencil-case.

Encyc.

Portcullis

PORTCUL'LIS, noun [coulisse, in French, is from couler, to flow or slip down. It signifies a groove or gutter. I think it cannot be from Latin clausus.]

In fortification, an assemblage of timbers joined across one another, like those of a harrow, and each pointed with iron; hung over the gateway of a fortified town, to be let down in case of surprise, to prevent the entrance of an enemy.

Encyc.

Portcullis

PORTCUL'LIS, verb transitive To shut; to bar; to obstruct.

Shak.

Portcullised

PORTCUL'LISED, adjective Having a portcullis.

Shenstone.

Porte

PORTE, noun The Ottoman court, so called from the gate of the Sultan's palace where justice is administered; as the Sublime Porte.

Ported

PORTED, adjective Having gates. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

2. Borne in a certain or regular order.

Jones.

Portend

PORTEND', verb transitive [Latin portendo; por, fore, and tendo, to stretch.]

To foreshow; to foretoken; to indicate something future by previous signs.

A moist and cool summer portends a hard winter.

Bacon.

Portended

PORTEND'ED, participle passive Foreshown; previously indicated by signs.

Portending

PORTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Foreshowing.

Portension

PORTEN'SION, noun The act of foreshowing. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Portent

PORTENT', noun [Latin portentum.] An omen of ill; any previous sign or prodigy indicating the approach of evil or calamity.

My loss by dire portents the god foretold.

Dryden.

Portentous

PORTENT'OUS, adjective [Latin portentosus.] Ominous; foreshowing ill. Ignorance and superstition hold meteors to be portentous.

2. Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; in an ill sense.

No beast of more portentous size,

In the Hercynian forest lies.

Roscommon.

Porter

PORTER, noun [Italian portiere; French portier; Spanish portero; from Latin porta, a gate.]

1. A man that has the charge of a door or gate; a door-keeper.

Arbuthnot.

2. One that waits at the door to receive messages.

Pope.

3. [French porteur, from porter, to carry, Latin porto.] A carrier; a person who carries or conveys burdens for hire.

Howell. Watts.

4. A malt liquor which differs from ale and pale beer, in being made with high dried malt.

Porterage

PORTERAGE, noun Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens by a porter.

Tooke.

2. The business of a porter or door-keeper.

Churchill.

Porterly

PORTERLY, adjective Coarse; vulgar. [Little used.]

Bray.

Portesse

PORTESSE. [See Portass.]

Port-Fire

PORT-FIRE, noun A composition for setting fire to powder, &c. frequently used in preference to a match. It is wet or dry. The wet is composed of saltpeter, four parts, of sulphur one, and of mealed powder four; mixed and sifted, moistened with a little lintseed oil, and well rubbed. The dry is composed of saltpeter, four parts, sulphur one, mealed powder two, and antimony one. These compositions are driven into small papers for use.

Encyc.

Portfolio

PORTFOLIO, noun [French porte-feuille; porter, to carry, and feuille, a leaf, Latin folium.]

A case of the size of a large book, to keep loose papers in.

To have or hold the portfolio, is to hold the office of minister of foreign affairs.

E. Everett.

Portglave

PORTGLAVE, noun [French porter, to carry, and Welsh glaiv, a crooked sword; llaiv, a shave, Celtic.] A sword-bearer. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Portgrave

PORTGRAVE, or PORTGREVE, or PORTREEVE, noun [Latin portus, a port, and German graf, Dutch graaf, Saxon gerefa, a count, an earl.]

Formerly, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town. This officer is now called mayor or bailif.

Port-Hole

PORT-HOLE, noun [port and hole.] The embrasure of a ship of war. [See Port.]

Portico

PORTICO, noun [Italian portico; Latin porticus, from porta or portus.]

In architecture, a kind of gallery on the ground, or a piazza encompassed with arches supported by columns; a covered walk. The roof is sometimes flat; sometimes vaulted.

Encyc.

Portion

PORTION, noun [Latin portio, from partio, to divide, from pars, part. See Part.]

1. In general, a part of any thing separated from it. Hence,

2. A part, though not actually divided, but considered by itself.

These are parts of his ways, but how little a portion is heard of him. Job 26.

3. A part assigned; an allotment; a dividend.

How small

A portion to your share would fall.

Waller.

The priests had a portion assigned them of Pharaoh. Genesis 47.

4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate.

5. A wife's fortune.

Portion

PORTION, verb transitive To divide; to parcel; to allot a share or shares.

And portion to his tribes the wide domain.

Pope.

2. To endow.

Him portion'd maids, apprentic'd orphans blest.

Pope.

Portioned

PORTIONED, participle passive Divided into shares or parts.

2. Endowed; furnished with a portion.

Portioner

PORTIONER, noun One who divides or assigns in shares.

Portioning

PORTIONING, participle of the present tense Dividing; endowing.

Portionist

PORTIONIST, noun One who has a certain academical allowance or portion.

2. The incumbent of a benefice which has more rectors or vicars than one.

Life of A. Wood.

Portland-Stone

PORTLAND-STONE, noun A compact sandstone from the isle of Portland in England, which forms a calcarious cement.

Nicholson.

Portlast

PORTLAST, or PORTOISE, noun The gunwale of a ship.

To lower the yards a portlast, is to lower them to the gunwale.

To ride a portoise, is to have the lower yards and top-masts struck or lowered down, when at anchor in a gale of wind.

Mar. Dict.

Portlid

PORTLID, noun The lid that closes a porthole.

Mar. Dict.

Portliness

PORTLINESS, noun [from portly.] Dignity of mien or of personal appearance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with dignified manners and demeanor.

Camden.

Portly

PORTLY, adjective [from port.] Grand or dignified in mien; of a noble appearance and carriage.

Shak.

2. Bulky; corpulent.

Shak.

Port-Man

PORT-MAN, noun [port and man.] An inhabitant or burgess, as of a cinque port.

Portmanteau

PORTMAN'TEAU, noun [French porte-manteau, from porter, to carry, and manteau, a cloke, Latin mantele, Italian mantello. It is often pronounced portmantle.]

A bag usually made of lether, for carrying apparel and other furniture on journeys, particularly on horseback.

Port-Mote

PORT-MOTE, noun [port and Saxon mot, a meeting.] Anciently, a court held in a port town.

Blackstone.

Portoise

PORTOISE. [See Portlast.]

Portrait

PORTRAIT, noun [French portrait, from portraire, to draw, to portray; pour, for, fore, and traire, Latin trahere, to draw; Armoric pourtrezi. The Italian is ritratto, Spanish Portugese retrato, from Latin re and tracto.]

A picture or representation of a person, and especially of a face, drawn from the life.

In portraits, the grace, and we may add, the likeness, consist more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature.

Reynolds.

Portrait

PORTRAIT, verb transitive To portray; to draw. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Portraiture

PORTRAITURE, noun [French] A portrait; painted resemblance.

Milton. Pope.

Portray

PORTRA'Y, verb transitive [French portraire. See Portrait.]

1. To paint or draw the likeness of any thing in colors; as, to portray a king on horseback; to portray a city or temple with a pencil or with chalk.

2. To describe in words. It belongs to the historian to portray the character of Alexander of Russia. Homer portrays the character and achievements of his heroes in glowing colors.

3. To adorn with pictures; as shields portrayed.

Milton.

Portrayed

PORTRA'YED, participle passive Painted or drawn to the life; described.

Portrayer

PORTRA'YER, noun One who paints, draws to the life or describes.

Portraying

PORTRA'YING, participle of the present tense Painting or drawing the likeness of; describing.

Portress

PORTRESS, or PORTERESS, noun [from porter.] A female guardian of a gate.

Milton.

Portreve

PORTREVE, noun [The modern orthography of portgreve, which see.]

The chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.

Port-Rope

PORT-ROPE, noun A rope to draw up a portlid.

Mar. Dict.

Porwigle

POR'WIGLE, noun A tadpole; a young frog. [Not used.]

Brown.

Pory

PORY, adjective [from pore.] Full of pores or small interstices.

Dryden.

Pose

POSE, n. s as z. [See the Verb.] In heraldry, a lion, horse or other beast standing still, with all his feet on the ground.

Encyc.

Pose

POSE, n. s as z. [Saxon gepose.] A stuffing of the head; catarrh. Obs.

Chaucer.

Pose

POSE, v. t. s as z. [Welsh posiaw, to pose, to make an increment, to gather knowledge, to investigate, to interrogate; pos, a heap, increment, growth, increase; posel, curdled milk, posset; Saxon gepose, heaviness, stuffing of the head. The primary sense is to set or fix, from thrusting or pressing, Latin posui, Spanish posar, French poser; hence the sense of collecting into a lump or fixed mass, Chaldee and Syriac to press, compress, collect, coagulate. Class Bs. No. 24. See also Arabic No. 21. 31. and No. 32. 33. 35. and others in that class.]

1. To puzzle, [a word of the same origin;] to set; to put to a stand or stop; to gravel.

Learning was pos'd, philosophy was set.

Herbert.

I design not to pose them with those common enigmas of magnetism.

Glanville.

2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking difficult questions; to set by questions; hence, to interrogate closely, or with a view to scrutiny.

Bacon.

Posed

PO'SED, participle passive Puzzled; put to a stand; interrogated closely.

Poser

PO'SER, noun One that puzzles by asking difficult questions; a close examiner.

Posing

PO'SING, participle of the present tense Puzzling; putting to a stand; interrogated closely.

Posited

POS'ITED, adjective [Latin positus, from pono, to put; probably however, pono is a different root, and positus from the root of pose.] Put; set; placed.

Hale.

Position

POSI'TION, noun [Latin positio, from positus. See Pose and Posited.]

1. State of being placed; situation; often with reference to other objects, or to different parts of the same object.

We have different prospects of the same thing according to our different positions to it.

Locke.

2. Manner of standing or being placed; attitude; as an inclining position.

3. Principle laid down; proposition advanced or affirmed as a fixed principle, or stated as the ground of reasoning, or to be proved.

Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions that follow, but always on those which precede.

Watts.

4. The advancement of any principle.

Brown.

5. State; condition.

Great Britain, at the peace of 1763, stood in a position to prescribe her own terms.

Ames.

6. In grammar, the state of a vowel placed between two consonants, as in pompous, or before a double consonant, as in axle. In prosody, vowels are said to be long or short by position.

Positional

POSI'TIONAL, adjective Respecting position. [Not used.]

Brown.

Positive

POS'ITIVE, adjective [Italian positivo; French positif; Low Latin positivus.]

1. Properly, set; laid down; expressed; direct; explicit; opposed to implied; as, he told us in positive words; we have his positive declaration to the fact; the testimony is positive.

2. Absolute; express; not admitting any condition or discretion. The commands of the admiral are positive.

3. Absolute; real; existing in fact; opposed to negative, as positive good, which exists by itself, whereas negative good is merely the absence of evil; or opposed to relative or arbitrary, as beauty is not a positive thing, but depends on the different tastes of people.

Locke. Encyc.

4. Direct; express; opposed to circumstantial; as positive proof.

Blackstone.

5. Confident; fully assured; applied to persons. The witness is very positive that he is correct in his testimony.

6. Dogmatic; over-confident in opinion or assertion.

Some positive persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will needs be always so.

Pope.

7. Settled by arbitrary appointment; opposed to natural or inbred.

In laws, that which is natural, bindeth universally; that which is positive, not so.

Hooker.

Although no laws but positive are mutable, yet all are not mutable which are positive.

Hooker.

8. Having power to act directly; as a positive voice in legislation.

Swift.

Positive degree, in grammar, is the state of an adjective which denotes simple or absolute quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as wise, noble.

Positive electricity, according to Dr. Franklin, consists in a superabundance of the fluid in a substance. Others suppose it to consist in a tendency of the fluid outwards. It is not certain in what consists the difference between positive and negative electricity. Positive electricity being produced by rubbing glass, is called the vitreous; negative electricity, produced by rubbing amber or resin, is called the resinous.

Encyc.

Positive

POS'ITIVE, noun What is capable of being affirmed; reality.

South.

2. That which settles by absolute appointment.

Waterland.

3. In grammar, a word that affirms or asserts existence.

Harris.

Positively

POS'ITIVELY, adverb Absolutely; by itself, independent of any thing else; not comparatively.

Good and evil removed may be esteemed good or evil comparatively, and not positively or simply.

Bacon.

2. Not negatively; really; in its own nature; directly; inherently. A thing is positively good, when it produces happiness by its own qualities or operation. It is negatively good, when it prevents an evil, or does not produce it.

3. Certainly; indubitably. This is positively your handwriting.

4. Directly; explicitly; expressly. The witness testified positively to the fact.

5. Peremptorily; in strong terms.

The divine law positively requires humility and meekness.

Sprat.

6. With full confidence or assurance. I cannot speak positively in regard to the fact.

Positively electrified, in the science of electricity. A body is said to be positively electrified or charged with electric matter, when it contains a superabundance of the fluid, and negatively electrified or charged, when some part of the fluid which it naturally contains, has been taken from it.

Franklin.

According to other theorists, when the electric fluid is directed outwards from a body, the substance is electrified positively; but when it is entering or has a tendency to enter another substance, the body is supposed to be negatively electrified. The two species of electricity attract each, other, and each repels its own kind.

Positiveness

POS'ITIVENESS, noun Actualness; reality of existence; not mere negation.

The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of the will and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of omission is in the habitude of the will only.

Norris.

2. Undoubting assurance; full confidence; peremptoriness; as, the man related the facts with positiveness. In matters of opinion, positiveness is not an indication of prudence.

Positivity

POSITIV'ITY, noun Peremptoriness. [Not used.]

Watts.

Positure

POSITURE, for posture, is not in use. [See Posture.]

Posnet

POS'NET, noun [Welsh posned, from posiaw. See Pose.]

A little basin; a porringer, skillet or saucepan.

Owen.

Posological

POSOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to posology.

Posology

POSOL'OGY, noun [Greek, how much, and, discourse.]

In medicine, the science or doctrine of doses.

Amer. Dispensatory.

Pospolite

POS'POLITE, noun A kind of militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, who in case of invasion, are summoned to arms for the defeuse of the country.

Coxe.

Posse comitatus, in law, the power of the country, or the citizens, who are summoned to assist an officer in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. The word comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone is used in the same sense.

Blackstone.

2. In low language, a number or crowd of people; a rabble.

Possess

POSSESS', verb transitive [Latin possessus, possideo, a compound of po, a Russian preposition, perhaps by, and sedeo, to sit; to sit in or on. We have this word from the Latin, but the same compound is in our mother tongue, Saxon besittan, to possess; be, by, and sittan, to sit; gesittan, besettan, gesettan, are also used; Dutch bezitten; German besitzen; Danish besidder; Swedish besitta; French posseder; Armoric poÃƒ-§zedi; Spanish poseer; Italian possedere.]

1. To have the just and legal title, ownership or property of a thing; to own; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to hold both the title and the thing. A man may possess the farm which he cultivates, or he may possess an estate in a foreign country, not in his own occupation. He may possess many farms which are occupied by tenants. In this as in other cases, the original sense of the word is enlarged, the holding or tenure being applied to the title or right, as well as to the thing itself.

2. To hold; to occupy without title or ownership.

I raise up the Chaldeans, to possess the dwelling-places that are not theirs. Habakkuk 1.

Neither said any of them that aught of the things which he possessed was his own. Acts 4.

3. To have; to occupy. The love of the world usually possesses the heart.

4. To seize; to gain; to obtain the occupation of.

The English marched towards the river Eske, intending to possess a hill called Under-Eske.

Hayward.

5. To have power over; as an invisible agent or spirit. Luke 8.

Beware what spirit rages in your breast;

For ten inspired, ten thousand are possess'd.

Roscommon.

6. To affect by some power.

Let not your ears despise my tongue,

Which shall possess them with the heaviest sound

That ever yet they heard.

Swift.

To possess of, or with, more properly to possess of, is to give possession, command or occupancy.

Of fortune's favor long possess'd.

Dryden.

This possesses us of the most valuable blessing of human life, friendship.

Gov. of the Tongue.

To possess one's self of, to take or gain possession or command; to make one's self master of.

We possessed ourselves of the kingdom of Naples.

Addison.

To possess with, to furnish or fill with something permanent; or to be retained.

It is of unspeakable advantage to possess our minds with an habitual good intention.

Addison.

If they are possessed with honest minds.

Addison.

Possessed

POSSESS'ED, participle passive Held by lawful title; occupied; enjoyed; affected by demons or invisible agents.

Possessing

POSSESS'ING, participle of the present tense Having or holding by absolute right or title; occupying; enjoying.

Possession

POSSES'SION, noun The having, holding or detention of property in one's power or command; actual seizin or occupancy, either rightful or wrongful. One man may have the possession of a thing, and another may have the right of possession or property.

If the possession is severed from the property; if A has the right of property, and B by unlawful means has gained possession, this is an injury to A. This is bare or naked possession.

Blackstone.

In bailment, the bailee, who receives goods to convey, or to keep for a time, has the possession of the goods, and a temporary right over them, but not the property. Property in possession, includes both the right and the occupation. Long undisturbed possession is presumptive proof of right or property in the possessor.

2. The thing possessed; land, estate or goods owned; as foreign possessions.

The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. Obad. 17.

When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions. Matthew 19.

3. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed. Christain peace of mind is the best possession of life.

4. The state of being under the power of demons or invisible beings; madness; lunacy; as demoniacal possession.

Writ of possession, a precept directing a sherif to put a person in peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment.

Blackstone.

To take possession, to enter on, or to bring within one's power or occupancy.

To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy.

Possession

POSSES'SION, verb transitive To invest with property. [Not used.]

Carew.

Possessioner

POSSES'SIONER, noun One that has possession of a thing, or power over it. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Possessive

POSSESS'IVE, adjective [Latin possessivus.] Pertaining to possession; having possession.

Possessive case, in English grammar, is the genitive case, or case of nouns and pronouns, which expresses, 1st, possession, ownership, as John's book; or 2dly, some relation of one thing to another, as Homer's admirers.

Possessor

POSSESS'OR, noun An occupant; one that has possession; a person who holds in his hands or power any species of property, real or personal. The owner or proprietor of property is the permanent possessor by legal right; the lessee of land and the bailee of goods are temporary possessors by right; the disseizor of land and the thief are wrongful possessors.

2. One that has, holds or enjoys any good or other thing.

Think of the happiness of the prophets and apostles, saints and martyrs, possessors of eternal glory.

Law.

Possessory

POSSESS'ORY, adjective Having possession; as a possessory lord.

Howell.

Possessory action, in law, an action or suit in which the right of possession only, and not that of property, is contested.

Blackstone.

Posset

POS'SET, noun [Welsh posel, from the root of pose, Welsh posiaw, to gather. The Latin posca may have the same origin.]

Milk curdled with wine or other liquor.

Dryden. Arbuthnot.

Posset

POS'SET, verb transitive To curdle; to turn.

Shak.

Possibility

POSSIBIL'ITY, noun [from possible; French possibilitÃƒ-©.]

The power of being or existing; the power of happening; the state of being possible. It often implies improbability or great uncertainty. There is a possibility that a new star may appear this night. There is a possibility of a hard frost in July in our latitude. It is not expedient to hazard much on the bare possibility of success. It is prudent to reduce contracts to writing, and to render them so explicit as to preclude the possibility of mistake or controversy.

Possible

POS'SIBLE, adjective [French; Italian possibile; Spanish posible; from Latin possibilis, from posse. See Power.]

That may be or exist; that may be now, or may happen or come to pass; that may be done; not contrary to the nature of things. It is possible that the Greeks and Turks may now be engaged in battle. It is possible the peace of Europe may continue a century. It is not physically possible that a stream should ascend a mountain, but it is possible that the Supreme Being may suspend a law of nature, that is, his usual course of proceeding. It is not possible that 2 and 3 should be 7, or that the same action should be morally right and morally wrong.

This word when pronounced with a certain emphasis, implies improbability. A thing is possible, but very improbable.

Possibly

POS'SIBLY, adverb By any power, moral or physical, really existing. Learn all that can possibly be known.

Can we possibly his love desert?

Milton.

2. Perhaps; without absurdity.

Arbitrary power tends to make a man a bad sovereign, who might possibly have been a good one, had he been invested with authority circumscribed by laws.

Addison.

Post

POST, adjective [from French aposter.] Suborned; hired to do what is wrong. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Post

POST, noun [Welsh post; Dutch Danish Swedish post; German pfoste, posten, and post; French poste; Spanish poste, posta; Italian posta, posto; Latin postis, from positus, the given participle of pono, to place, but coinciding with Spanish posar, Italian posare, to put or set.]

1. A piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, and intended to support something else; as the posts of a house; the posts of a door; the posts of a gate; the posts of a fence.

2. A military station; the place where a single soldier or a body of troops is stationed. The sentinel must not desert his post. The troops are ordered to defend the post. Hence,

3. The troops stationed in a particular place, or the ground they occupy.

Marshall. Encyc.

4. A public office or employment, that is, a fixed place or station.

When vice prevails and impious men bear sway,

The post of honor is a private station.

Addison.

5. A messenger or a carrier of letters and papers; one that goes at stated times to convey the mail or dispatches. This sense also denotes fixedness, either from the practice of using relays of horses stationed at particular places, or of stationing men for carrying dispatches, or from the fixed stages where they were to be supplied with refreshment. [See Stage.] Xenophon informs us that Cyrus, king of Persia, established such stations or houses.

6. A seat or situation.

Burnet.

7. A sort of writing paper, such as is used for letters; letter paper.

8. An old game at cards.

To ride post, to be employed to carry dispatches and papers, and as such carriers rode in haste, hence the phrase signifies to ride in haste, to pass with expedition. Post is used also adverbially, for swiftly, expeditiously, or expressly.

Sent from Media post to Egypt.

Milton.

Hence, to travel post, is to travel expeditiously by the use of fresh horses taken at certain stations.

Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired to do a bad action.

Post

POST, verb intransitive [French poster; Spanish postear.] To travel with speed.

And post o'er land and ocean without rest.

Milton.

Post

POST, verb transitive To fix to a post; as, to post a notification.

2. To expose to public reproach by fixing the name to a post; to expose to opprobrium by some public action; as, to post a coward.

3. To advertise on a post or in a public place; as, to post a stray horse.

Laws of New England.

4. To set; to place; to station; as, to post troops on a hill, or in front or on the flank of an army.

5. In book-keeping, to carry accounts from the waste-book or journal to the ledger.

To post off, to put off; to delay. [Not used.]

Shak.

Post

POST, a Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in this sense in composition in many English words.

Postable

POSTABLE, adjective That may be carried. [Not used.]

Mountague.

Postage

POSTAGE, noun The price established by law to be paid for the conveyance of a letter in a public mail.

2. A portage. [Not used.]

Smollet.

Postboy

POSTBOY, noun A boy that rides as post; a courier.

Tatler.

Post-Chaise

POST-CHAISE, noun [See Chaise.] A carriage with four wheels for the conveyance of travelers.

Postdate

POSTDA'TE, verb transitive [Latin post, after, and date, Latin datum.]

To date after the real time; as, to postdate a contract, that is, to date it after the true time of making the contract.

Postdiluvial

POSTDILU'VIAL, or POSTDILU'VIAN, adjective [Latin post, after, and diluvium, the deluge.]

Being or happening posterior to the flood in Noah's days.

Woodward. Buckland.

Postdiluvian

POSTDILU'VIAN, noun A person who lived after the flood, or who has lived since that event.

Grew.

Post-Disseizin

POST-DISSE'IZIN, noun A subsequent disseizin. A writ of post-disseizin is intended to put in possession a person who has been disseized after a judgment to recover the same lands of the same person, under the statute of Merton.

Blackstone.

Post-Disseizor

POST-DISSE'IZOR, noun A person who disseizes another of lands which he had before recovered of the same person.

Blackstone.

Postea

POSTEA, noun [Latin] The record of what is done in a cause subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial.

Blackstone.

Posted

POSTED, participle passive Placed; stationed.

2. Exposed on a post or by public notice.

3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts.

Poster

POSTER, noun One who posts; also, a courier; one that travels expeditiously.

Posterior

POSTE'RIOR, adjective [from Latin posterus, from post, after; French posterieur.]

1. Later or subsequent in time.

Hesiod was posterior to Homer.

Broome.

2. Later in the order of proceeding or moving; coming after. [Unfrequent.]

Posteriority

POSTERIOR'ITY, noun [French posterioritÃƒ-©.] The state of being later or subsequent; as posteriority of time or of an event; opposed to priority.

Hale.

Posteriors

POSTE'RIORS, n. plu. The hinder parts of an animal body.

Swift.

Posterity

POSTER'ITY, noun [French posteritÃƒ-©; Latin posteritas, from posterus, from post, after.]

1. Descendants; children, children's children, &c. indefinitely; the race that proceeds from a progenitor. The whole human race are the posterity of Adam.

2. In a general sense, succeeding generations; opposed to ancestors.

To the unhappy that unjustly bleed,

Heav'n gives posterity t' avenge the deed.

Pope.

Postern

POSTERN, noun [French poterne, for posterne, from Latin post, behind.]

1. Primarily, a back door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any small door or gate.

Dryden. Locke.

2. In fortification, a small gate, usually in the angle of the flank of a bastion, or in that of the curtain or near the orillon, descending into the ditch.

Encyc.

Postern

POSTERN, adjective Back; being behind; private.

Dryden.

Post-Existence

POST-EXIST'ENCE, noun Subsequent or future existence.

Addison.

Post-Fine

POST-FINE, noun In English law, a fine due to the king by prerogative, after a licentia concordandi given in a fine of lands and tenements; called also the king's silver.

Blackstone.

Postfix

POSTFIX, noun [Latin post, after, and fix.] In grammar, a letter, syllable or word added to the end of another word; a suffix.

Parkhurst.

Postfix

POSTFIX', verb transitive To add or annex a letter, syllable or word, to the end of another or principal word.

Parkhurst.

Postfixed

POSTFIX'ED, participle passive Added to the end of a word.

Postfixing

POSTFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Adding to the end of a word.

Post-Hackney

POST-HACK'NEY, noun [post and hackney.] A hired posthorse.

Wotton.

Post-Haste

POST-HASTE, noun Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier.

Shak.

Post-Haste

POST-HASTE, adverb With speed or expedition. He traveled post-haste, that is, by an ellipsis, with post-haste.

Post-Horse

POST-HORSE, noun A horse stationed for the use of couriers.

Sidney.

Post-House

POST-HOUSE, noun A house where a post-office is kept for receiving and dispatching letters by public mails; a post-office. [The latter word is now in general use.]

Posthume

POST'HUME, adjective Posthumous. [Not used.]

Watts.

Posthumous

POST'HUMOUS, adjective [Latin post, after, and humus, earth; humatus, buried.]

1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the mother; as a posthumous son or daughter.

Blackstone.

2. Published after the death of the author; as posthumous works.

3. Being after one's decease; as a posthumous character.

Addison.

Posthumously

POST'HUMOUSLY, adverb After one's decease.

Postic

POSTIC, adjective [Latin posticus.] Backward. [Not used.]

Brown.

Postil

POS'TIL, noun [Italian postilla; Spanish postila; from Latin post.]

A marginal note; originally, a note in the margin of the Bible, so called because written after the text.

Encyc.

Postil

POS'TIL, verb transitive [Italian postillare.] To write marginal notes; to gloss; to illustrate will marginal notes.

Bacon.

Postiler

POS'TILER, noun One who writes marginal notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.

Postillion

POSTILLION, n. postil'you. [French postillon, a postboy, from poste.]

One that rides and guides the first pair of horses in a coach or other carriage; also, one that rides one of the horses, when one pair only is used, either in a coach or post-chaise.

Posting

POSTING, participle of the present tense Setting up on a post; exposing the name or character to reproach by public advertisement.

2. Placing; stationing.

3. Transferring accounts to a ledger.

Postliminiar

POSTLIMIN'IAR, or POSTLIMIN'IOUS, adjective [See Postliminium.] Contrived, done or existing subsequently; as a postliminious application.

Postliminium

POSTLIMIN'IUM, or POSTLIM'INY, noun Latin post, after, and limen, end, limit.]

Postliminium, among the Romans, was the return of a person to his own country who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished or taken by an enemy.

In the modern law of nations, the right of postliminy is that by virtue of which, persons and things taken by an enemy in war, are restored to their former state, when coming again under the power of the nation to which they belonged. The sovereign of a country is bound to protect the person and the property of his subjects; and a subject who has suffered the loss of his property by the violence of war, on being restored to his country, can claim to be re-established in all his rights, and to recover his property. But this right does not extend, in all cases, to personal effects or movables, on account of the difficulty of ascertaining their identity.

Vattel. Du Ponceau.

Postman

POSTMAN, noun A post or courier; a letter-carrier.

Granger.

Postmark

POSTMARK, noun The mark or stamp of a post-office on a letter.

Postmaster

POSTMASTER, noun The officer who has the superintendence and direction of a post-office.

Postmaster-general, is the chief officer of the post-office department, whose duty is to make contracts for the conveyance of the public mails and see that they are executed, and who receives the moneys arising from the postage of letters, pays the expenses, keeps the accounts of the office, and superintends the whole department.

Postmeridian

POSTMERID'IAN, adjective [Latin postmeridianus. See Meridian.]

Being or belonging to the afternoon; as postmeridian sleep.

Bacon.

Postnate

POSTNATE, adjective [Latin post, after, and natus, born.] Subsequent. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Post-Note

POST-NOTE, noun [post and note.] In commerce, a bank note intended to be transmitted to a distant place by the public mail, and made payable to order. In this it differs from a common bank note, which is payable to the bearer.

Post-Office

POST-OFFICE, noun An office or house where letters are received for delivery to the persons to whom they are addressed, or to be transmitted to other places in the public mails; a post-house.

Post-Paid

POST-PAID, adjective Having the postage paid on; as a letter.

Postpone

POSTPO'NE, verb transitive [Latin postpono; post, after, and pono, to put.]

1. To put off; to defer to a future or later time; to delay; as, to postpone the consideration of a bill or question to the afternoon, or to the following day.

2. To set below something else in value or importance.

All other considerations should give way and be postponed to this.

Locke.

Postponed

POSTPO'NED, participle passive Delayed; deferred to a future time; set below in value.

Postponement

POSTPO'NEMENT, noun The act of defering to a future time; temporary delay of business.

T.Pickering. Kent.

Postponence

POSTPO'NENCE, noun Dislike. [Not in use.]

Johnson.

Postponing

POSTPO'NING, participle of the present tense Deferring to a future time.

Postposition

POSTPOSI'TION, noun [post and position.] The state of being put back or out of the regular place.

Mede.

Postremote

POSTREMO'TE, adjective [post and remote.] More remote in subsequent time or order.

Darwin.

Postscript

POSTSCRIPT, noun [Latin post, after, and scriptum, written.]

A paragraph added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the writer; or any addition made to a book or composition after it had been supposed to be finished, containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer.

Locke. Addison.

Post-Town

POST-TOWN, noun A town in which a postoffice is established by law.

2. A town in which post-horses are kept.

Postulant

POS'TULANT, noun [See Postulate.] One who makes demand.

Postulate

POS'TULATE, noun [Latin postulatum, from postulo, to demand, from the root of posco, to ask or demand. The sense is to urge or push.]

A position or supposition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident, or too plain to require illustration.

Encyc.

A self-evident problem, answering to axiom, which is a self-evident theorem.

DutchOlmsted.

Postulate

POS'TULATE, verb transitive [supra.] To beg or assume without proof. [Little used.]

Brown.

2. To invite; to solicit; to require by entreaty.

Burnet.

3. To assume; to take without positive consent.

The Byzantine emperors appear to have exercised, or at least to have postulated a sort of paramount supremacy over this nation.

Tooke.

Postulation

POSTULA'TION, noun [Latin postulatio.] The act of supposing without proof; gratuitous assumption.

Hale.

2. Supplication; intercession; also, suit; cause.

Pearson. Burnet.

Postulatory

POS'TULATORY, adjective Assuming without proof.

2. Assumed without proof.

Brown.

Postulatum

POSTULA'TUM, noun [Latin] A postulate, which see.

Addison.

Posture

POS'TURE, noun [Frenchfrom Latin positura; pono, positus.]

1. In painting and sculpture, attitude; the situation of a figure with regard to the eye, and of the several principal members with regard to each other, by which action is expressed. Postures should be accommodated to the character of the figure, and the posture of each member to its office. Postures are natural or artificial. Natural postures are such as our ordinary actions and the occasions of life lead us to exhibit; artificial postures are such as are assumed or learnt for particular purposes, or in particular occupations, as in dancing, fencing, &c.

Addison. Encyc.

2. Situation; condition; particular state with regard to something else; as the posture of public affairs before or after a war.

3. Situation of the body; as an abject posture.

Milton.

4. State; condition. The fort is in a posture of defense.

5. The situation or disposition of the several parts of the body with respect to each other, or with respect to a particular purpose.

He casts

His eyes against the moon in most strange postures.

Shak.

The posture of a poetic figure is the description of the heroes in the performance of such or such an action.

Dryden.

6. Disposition; frame; as the posture of the soul.

Bailey.

Posture

POS'TURE, verb transitive To place in a particular manner; to dispose the parts of a body for a particular purpose.

He was raw with posturing himself according to the direction of the chirurgeons.

Brook.

Posture-Master

POS'TURE-MASTER, noun One that teaches or practices artificial postures of the body.

Spectator.

Posy

PO'SY, n. s as z. [Qu. poesy; or a collection, a cluster, from the Welsh posiaw, to collect. See Pose.]

1. A motto inscribed on a ring, &c.

Addison.

2. A bunch of flowers.

Spenser.

Pot

POT, noun [French pot; Armoric pod; Irish pota; Swedish potta; Danish potte; Welsh pot, a pot, and potel, a bottle; poten, a pudding, the paunch, something bulging; Dutch pot, a pot, a stake, a hoard; potten, to hoard.]

1. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron or other metal, used for several domestic purposes; as an iron pot, for boiling meat or vegetables; a pot for holding liquors; a cup, as a pot of ale; an earthern pot for plants, called a flower pot, &c.

2. A sort of paper of small sized sheets.

To go to pot, to be destroyed, ruined, wasted or expended. [A low phrase.]

Pot

POT, verb transitive To preserve seasoned in pots; as potted fowl and fish.

Dryden.

2. To inclose or cover in pots of earth.

Mortimer.

3. To put in casks for draining; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler and placing it in hogsheads with perforated heads, from which the melasses percolates through the spungy stalk of a plantain leaf.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Potable

PO'TABLE, adjective [French; Low Latin potabilis; Italian potabile; from Latin poto, to drink; potus, drink, Greek, from, to drink.]

Drinkable; that may be drank; as water fresh and potable.

Bacon.

Rivers run potable gold.

Milton.

Potable

PO'TABLE, noun Something that may be drank.

Philips.

Potableness

PO'TABLENESS, noun The quality of being drinkable.

Potage

POT'AGE, noun [from pot; French id.; Italian potaggio; Portugese potagem; Welsh potes; Armoric

podaick. This is a more correct orthography than pottage.]

A species of food made of meat boiled to softness in water, usually with some vegetables or sweet herbs.

Potager

POT'AGER, noun [from potage.] A porringer.

Grew.

Potagro

POTAG'RO, or POTAR'GO, noun A kind of pickle imported from the West Indies.

King.

Potance

PO'TANCE, noun With watchmakers, the stud in which the lower pivot of the verge is placed.

Ash. Scott.

Potash

POT'ASH, noun [pot and ashes; Dutch potasch; German pottasche; Danish potaske; French potasse.]

The popular name of vegetable fixed alkali in an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by lixiviation and evaporation. The matter remaining after evaporation is refined in a crucible or furnace, and the extractive substance burnt off or dissipated. Refined potash is called pearlash. The plants which yield the greatest quantity of potash are wormwood and fumitory.

Kirwan. Nicholson. Encyc.

By recent discoveries of Sir H. Davy, it appears that potash is a metallic oxyd; the metal is called potassium, and the alkali, in books of science, is called potassa.

Potassa

POTAS'SA, noun The scientific name of vegetable alkali or potash.

Potassium

POTAS'SIUM, noun A name given to the metallic basis of vegetable alkali. According to Dr. Davy, 100 parts of potash consist of 86.1 parts of the basis, and 13.9 of oxygen.

Med. Repos.

Potassium has the most powerful affinity for oxygen of all substances known; it takes it from every other compound, and hence is a most important agent in chimical analysis.

Potation

POTA'TION, noun [Latin potatio. See Potable.]

1. A drinking or drinking bout.

2. A draught.

Shak.

3. A species of drink.

Shak.

Potato

POTA'TO, noun [Ind. batatas.] A plant and esculent root of the genus Solanum, a native of America. The root of this plant, which is usually called potatoe, constitutes one of the cheapest and most nourishing species of vegetable food; it is the principal food of the poor in some countries, and has often contributed to prevent famine. It was introduced into the British dominions by Sir Walter Raleigh or other adventurers in the 16th century; but it came slowly into use, and at this day is not much cultivated and used in some countries of Europe. In the British dominions and in the United States, it has proved one of the greatest blessings bestowed on man by the Creator.

Pot-Bellied

POT'-BELLIED, adjective Having a prominent belly.

Pot-Belly

POT'-BELLY, noun A protuberant belly.

Potch

POTCH, verb transitive [French pocher, to poke.] To thrust; to push. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. To poach; to boil slightly. [Not used.]

Wiseman.

Pot-Companion

POT-COMPAN'ION, noun An associate or companion in drinking; applied generally to habitual hard drinkers.

Potelot

PO'TELOT, noun [Qu. German pottloth, Dutch potlood, black lead.]

The sulphuret of molybden.

Fourcroy.

Potence

PO'TENCE, noun In heraldry, a cross whose ends resemble the head of a crutch.

Encyc.

Potency

PO'TENCY, noun [Latin potentia, from potens; possum, posse. See Power.]

1. Power; physical power, energy or efficacy; strength.

Shak.

2. Moral power; influence; authority.

Now arriving

At place of potency and sway o' th' state.

Shak.

Potent

PO'TENT, adjective [Latin potens.] Powerful; physically strong; forcible; efficacious; as a potent medicine.

Moses once more his potent rod extends.

Milton.

2. Powerful, in a moral sense; having great influence; as potent interest; a potent argument.

Decay of Piety.

3. Having great authority, control or dominion; as a potent prince.

Shak.

Potent

PO'TENT, noun A prince; a potentate. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. A walking staff or crutch. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Potentacy

PO'TENTACY, noun Sovereignty. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Potentate

PO'TENTATE, noun [French potentat; Italian potentato.]

A person who possesses great power or sway; a prince; a sovereign; an emperor, king or monarch.

Exalting him not only above earthly princes and potentates, but above the highest of the celestial hierarchy.

Boyle.

Potential

POTEN'TIAL, adjective [Latin potentialis.] Having power to impress on us the ideas of certain qualities, though the qualities are not inherent in the thing; as potential heat or cold.

Encyc.

2. Existing in possibility, not in act.

This potential and imaginary materia prima, cannot exist without form.

Raleigh.

3. Efficacious; powerful. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Potential cautery, in medicine, is the consuming or reducing to an eschar, any part of the body by a caustic alkaline or metallic salt, &c. instead of a red hot iron, the use of which is called actual cautery.

Encyc.

Potential mode, in grammar, is that form of the verb which is used to express the power, possibility, liberty or necessity of an action or of being; as, I may go; he can write. This, in English, is not strictly a distinct mode, but the indicative or declarative mode, affirming the power to act, instead of the act itself. I may go or can go, are equivalent to, I have power to go.

Potential

POTEN'TIAL, noun Any thing that may be possible.

Bacon.

Potentiality

POTENTIAL'ITY, noun Possibility; not actuality.

Taylor. Bentley.

Potentially

POTEN'TIALLY, adverb In possibility; not in act; not positively.

This duration of human souls is only potentially infinite.

Bentley.

2. In efficacy, not in actuality; as potentially cold.

Boyle.

Potently

PO'TENTLY, adverb Powerfully; with great force or energy.

You are potently opposed.

Shak.

Potentness

PO'TENTNESS, noun Powerfulness; strength; might. [Little used.]

Potestative

PO'TESTATIVE, adjective [from Latin poteslas.] Authoritative. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Potgun

POTGUN, for popgun. [Not used.]

Swift.

Pot-Hanger

POT'-HANGER, noun [pot and hanger.] A pot-hook.

Pothecary

POTH'ECARY, contracted from apothecary, and very vulgar. [See the latter.]

Pother

POTH'ER, noun [This word is vulgarly pronounced bother. Its origin and affinities are not ascertained.]

1. Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter. [Low.]

Shak. Swift.

2. A suffocating cloud.

Drayton.

Pother

POTH'ER, verb intransitive To make a blustering ineffectual effort; to make a stir.

Pother

POTH'ER, verb transitive To harass and perplex; to puzzle.

Locke.

Potherb

POT'HERB, noun An herb for the pot or for cookery; a culinary plant.

Arbuthnot.

Pot-Hook

POT'-HOOK, noun A hook on which pots and kettles are hung over the fire.

2. A letter or character like a pot-hook; a scrawled letter.

Dryden.

Potion

PO'TION, noun [French from Latin potio; poto, to drink.]

A draught; usually, a liquid medicine; a dose.

Bacon. Milton.

Potlid

POT'LID, noun The lid or cover of a pot.

Derham.

Pot-Man

POT'-MAN, noun A pot companion.

Potsherd

POT'SHERD, noun [pot and Saxon sceard, a fragment, from scearan, to shear; Dutch potscherf; German scherbe.]

A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job 2.

Potstone

POT'STONE, noun Potstone appears to be indurated black talck, passing into serpentine. It has a curved and undulatingly lamellar structure, passing into slaty.

Cyc.

Potstone is of a greenish gray color. It occurs massive, or in granular concretions.

Ure.

Potstone is a variety of steatite.

Cleaveland.

Pottage

POT'TAGE, noun Broth; soup. [See Potage, the more correct orthography.]

Potted

POT'TED, participle passive Preserved or inclosed in a pot; drained in a cask.

Edwards.

Potter

POT'TER, noun [from pot.] One whose occupation is to make earthern vessels.

Dryden. Mortimer.

Pottern-Ore

POT'TERN-ORE, noun A species of ore, which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's ware, the miners call by this name.

Boyle.

Pottery

POT'TERY, noun [French poterie; from pot.] The vessels or ware made by potters; earthern ware, glazed and baked.

2. The place where earthern vessels are manufactured.

Potting

POT'TING, noun [from pot.] Drinking; tippling.

Shak.

2. In the WelshIndies, the process of putting sugar in casks for draining.

Edwards.

Poting

POT'ING, participle of the present tense Preserving in a pot; draining, as above; drinking.

Pottle

POT'TLE, noun [Welsh potel, a bottle; from pot.]

1. A liquid measure of four pints.

2. A vessel; a pot or tankard.

Pot-Valiant

POT-VAL'IANT, adjective [pot and valiant.] Courageous over the cup; heated to valor by strong drink.

Addison.

Pouch

POUCH, noun [French poche, a pocket or bag, a purse-net, the paunch; Irish pucan; German bauch, Dutch buik, Swedish buk, Danish bug, the helly, from bulging and extending.]

1. A small bag; usually, a lethern bag to be carried in the pocket.

Swift.

2. A protuberant belly.

3. The bag or sack of a fowl, as that of the pelican.

Pouch

POUCH, verb transitive To pocket; to save.

Tusser.

2. To swallow; used of fowls, whose crop is called in French, poche.

Derham.

3. To pout. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Pouch-Mouthed

POUCH'-MOUTHED, adjective Blubber-lipped. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Poul-Davis

POUL'-DAVIS, noun A sort of sail cloth. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Poule

POULE, [See Pool.]

Poult

POULT, noun [French poulet. See Poultry.] A young chicken. [Little used.]

King.

Poulterer

POULTERER, noun [Norm. poltaire. See Poultry.]

1. One who makes it his business to sell fowls for the table.

2. Formerly, in England, an officer of the king's household, who had the charge of the poultry.

Poultice

POULTICE, noun [Italian polta, pap, Latin puls, pultis, Greek.]

A cataplasm; a soft composition of meal, bran, or the like substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, &c.

Bacon.

Poultice

POULTICE, verb transitive To apply a cataplasm to.

Poultive

POULTIVE, for poultice, is not used.

Temple.

Poultry

POULTRY, noun [from French poule, a hen, dim. poulet; Italian pollo, a chicken; pollame, poultry; Spanish polla; Latin pullus, a chicken, or other young animal; allied to foal; Welsh ebawl, eboles, a filly or colt; Italian pollare, to sprout, Latin pullulo.]

Domestic fowls which are propagated and fed for the table, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkies, ducks and geese.

Poultry-Yard

POULTRY-YARD, noun A yard or place where fowls are kept for the use of the table.

Pounce

POUNCE, n. pouns. [French pierre-ponce, pum-ice-stone; poncer, to rub with pumicestone; Armoric mean-puncz, pumice-stone.]

1. Gum-sandarach pulverized, a fine powder used to prevent ink from spreading on paper.

2. Charcoal dust inclosed in some open stuff, as muslin, &c. to be passed over holes pricked in the work, to mark the lines or designs on a paper underneath. This kind of pounce is used by embroiderers to transfer their patterns upon their stuffs; also by lace-makers, and sometimes by engravers. It is also used in varnishing.

Cyc.

3. Cloth worked in eyelet-holes.

Todd.

Pounce

POUNCE, verb transitive To sprinkle or rub with pounce.

Pounce

POUNCE, noun [This word seems to be connected with the Italian punzone, a bodkin, a punch, a push, which is from the Latin pungo, whence Spanish punzar.]

The claw or talon of a bird of prey.

Pounce

POUNCE, verb intransitive To fall on suddenly; to fall on and seize with the claws; as, a rapacious fowl pounces on a chicken.

Pounce-Box

POUNCE-BOX, or POUN'CET-BOX, noun A small box with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling pounce on paper.

Shak.

Pounced

POUN'CED, participle passive Furnished with claws or talons.

Thomson.

Pound

POUND, noun [Saxon Gothic Swedish Danish pund; Dutch pond; German pfund; Latin pondo, pondus, weight, a pound; pendo, to weigh, to bend.]

1. A standard weight consisting of twelve ounces troy or sixteen ounces avoirdupois.

2. A money of account consisting of twenty shillings, the value of which is different in different countries. The pound sterling is equivalent to $4 44.44 cts. money of the United States. In New England and Virginia, the pound is equal to $3 1/3; in New York to $2 1/2.

Pound

POUND, noun [Saxon pyndan, pindan, to confine.]

An inclosure erected by authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation of law; a pin-fold.

Pound

POUND, verb transitive To confine in a public pound.

Pound

POUND, verb transitive [Saxon punian; Welsh pwniaw, to beat and to load.]

1. To beat; to strike with some heavy instrument, and with repeated blows, so as to make an impression.

With cruel blows she pounds her blubber'd cheeks.

Dryden.

2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine parts by a heavy instrument; as, to pound spice or salt.

Loud strokes with pounding spice the fabric rend.

Garth.

Poundage

POUND'AGE, noun [from pound.] A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound.

Swift.

2. In England, a subsidy of 12d. in the pound, granted to the crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more.

Blackstone.

Poundbreach

POUND'BREACH, noun The breaking of a public pound for releasing beasts confined in it.

Blackstone.

Pounded

POUND'ED, participle passive Beaten or bruised with a heavy instrument; pulverized or broken by pounding.

2. Confined in a pound; impounded.

Pounder

POUND'ER, noun A pestle; the instrument of pounding.

2. A person or thing denominated from a certain number of pounds; as a cannon is called a twelve-pounder; a person of ten pounds annual income is called a ten-pounder; a note or bill is called a ten-pounder.

Johnson.

3. A large pear.

Dryden.

Pound foolish. The phrase, penny wise and pound foolish, signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but careful to save small sums.

Pounding

POUND'ING, participle of the present tense Beating; bruising; pulverizing; impounding.

Poupeton

POUPETON, noun [French poupee.] A puppet or little baby.

Poupies

POUPIES, noun In cookery, a mess of victuals made of veal steaks and slices of bacon.

Bailey.

Pour

POUR, verb transitive [Welsh bwrw, to cast, send, throw, thrust.]

1. To throw, as a fluid in a stream, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a pail, or out of a pail; to pour wine into a decanter. Pour is appropriately but not exclusively applied to fluids, and signifies merely to cast or throw, and this sense is modified by out, from, in, into, against, on, upon, under, &c. It is applied not only to liquors, but to other fluids, and to substances consisting of fine particles; as, to pour a stream of gas or air upon a fire; to pour out sand. It expresses particularly the bestowing or sending forth in copious abundance.

I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh. Joel 2.

To pour out dust. Leviticus 14.

2. To emit; to send forth in a stream or continued succession.

London doth pour out her citizens.

Shak.

3. To send forth; as, to pour out words, prayers or sighs; to pour out the heart or soul. Psalm 62.xlii.

4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelming force.

I will shortly pour out my fury on thee. Ezekiel 7.

Pour

POUR, verb intransitive To flow; to issue forth in a stream, or continued succession of parts; to move or rush, as a current. The torrent pours down from the mountain, or along the steep descent.

2. To rush in a crowd or continued procession.

A ghastly band of giants,

All pouring down the mountain, crowd the shore.

Pope.

Poured

POURED, participle passive Sent forth; thrown; as a fluid.

Pourer

POURER, noun One that pours.

Pouring

POURING, participle of the present tense Sending, as a fluid; driving in a current or continued stream.

Pourlieu

POURLIEU, [See Purlieu.]

Pourpresture

POURPRES'TURE, noun [French pour, for, and pris, taken.]

In law, a wrongful inclosure or encroachment on another's property.

Encyc. Cowel.

Poursuivant

POURSUIVANT. [See Pursuivant.]

Pourveyance

POURVEYANCE, [See Purveyance.]

Pousse

POUSSE, corrupted from pulse, peas.

Spenser.

Pout

POUT, noun A fish of the genus Gadus, about an inch in length; the whiting pout.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

2. A bird.

Carew.

3. A fit of sullenness. [Colloquial.]

Pout

POUT, verb intransitive [French bouder; allied probably to bud, pudding, Greek, Welsh poten; from the sense of bulging or pushing out.]

1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness, contempt or displeasure; hence, to look sullen.

Shak.

2. To shoot out; to be prominent; as pouting lips.

Dryden.

Pouting

POUT'ING, participle of the present tense Shooting out, as the lips.

2. Looking sullen.

Poverty

POV'ERTY, noun [Norm. pouerti; French pauvretÃƒ-©; Italian povertÃƒ- ; Spanish Portugese pobreza; Latin paupertas. See Poor.]

1.Destitution of property; indigence; want of convenient means of subsistence. The consequence of poverty is dependence.

The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Proverbs 23.

2. Barrenness of sentiment or ornament; defect; as the poverty of a composition.

3. Want; defect of words; as the poverty of language.

Powder

POW'DER, noun [French poudre, contracted from pouldre; Armoric poultra; Italian polvere; Spanish polvo; Latin pulvis. The German has puder, and the Dutch poeder, but whether from the same source I know not. Pulvis is probably from pulso, pulto, to beat.]

1. Any dry substance composed of minute particles, whether natural or artificial; more generally, a substance comminuted or triturated to fine particles. Thus dust is the powder of earth; flour is the powder of grain. But the word is particularly applied to substances reduced to fine particles for medicinal purposes.

2. A composition of saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and granulated; gunpowder.

3. Hair powder; pulverized starch.

Powder

POW'DER, verb transitive To reduce to fine particles; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate; to pound, grind or rub into fine particles.

2. To sprinkle with powder; as, to powder the hair.

3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn; as meat.

Bacon.

Powder

POW'DER, verb intransitive To come violently. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

Powder-Box

POW'DER-BOX, noun A box in which hairpowder is kept.

Gay.

Powder-Cart

POW'DER-CART, noun A cart that carries powder and shot for artillery.

Powder-Chest

POW'DER-CHEST, noun A small box or case charged with powder, old nails, &c. fastened to the side of a ship, to be discharged at an enemy attempting to board.

Mar. Dict.

Powdered

POW'DERED, participle passive Reduced to powder; sprinkled with powder; corned; salted.

Powder-Flask

POW'DER-FLASK, noun A flask in which gunpowder is carried.

Powder-Horn

POW'DER-HORN, noun A horn in which gunpowder is carried by sportsmen.

Swift.

Powdering

POW'DERING, participle of the present tense Pulverizing; sprinkling with powder; corning; salting.

Powdering-Tub

POW'DERING-TUB, noun A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted.

2. The place where an infected lecher is cured.

Shak.

Powder-Mill

POW'DER-MILL, noun A mill in which gunpowder is made.

Arbuthnot.

Powder-Room

POW'DER-ROOM, noun The apartment in a ship where gunpowder is kept.

Waller.

Powdery

POW'DERY, adjective Friable; easily crumbling to pieces.

2. Dusty; sprinkled with powder.

3. Resembling powder.

Powdike

POW'DIKE, noun A marsh or fen dike. [Local.]

Power

POW'ER, noun [French pouvoir; Norm. povare; from the root of Spanish Portugese poder, Italian podere; or rather the same word varied in orthography. The Latin has posse, possum, potes, potentia. The primary sense of the verb is to strain, to exert force.]

1. In a philosophical sense, the faculty of doing or performing any thing; the faculty of moving or of producing a change in something; ability or strength. A man raises his hand by his own power, or by power moves another body. The exertion of power proceeds from the will, and in strictness, no being destitute of will or intelligence, can exert power. Power in man is active or speculative. Active power is that which moves the body; speculative power is that by which we see, judge, remember, or in general, by which we think.

Power may exist without exertion. We have power to speak when we are silent.

Locke. Reid.

Power has been distinguished also into active and passive, the power of doing or moving, and the power of receiving impressions or of suffering. In strictness, passive power is an absurdity in terms. To say that gold has a power to be melted, is improper language, yet for want of a more appropriate word, power is often used in a passive sense, and is considered as two-fold; viz. as able to make or able to receive any change.

Cyc.

2. Force; animal strength; as the power of the arm, exerted in lifting, throwing or holding.

3. Force; strength; energy; as the power of the mind, of the imagination, of the fancy. He has not powers of genius adequate to the work.

4. Faculty of the mind, as manifested by a particular mode of operation; as the power of thinking, comparing and judging; the reasoning powers.

5. Ability, natural or moral. We say, a man has the power of doing good; his property gives him the power of relieving the distressed; or he has the power to persuade others to do good; or it is not in his power to pay his debts. The moral power of man is also his power of judging or discerning in moral subjects.

6. In mechanics, that which produces motion or force, or which may be applied to produce it. Thus the inclined plane is called a mechanical power, as it produces motion; although this in reality depends on gravity. The wheel and axle, and the lever, are mechanical powers, as they may be applied to produce force. These powers are also called forces, and they are of two kinds, moving power, and sustaining power.

7. Force. The great power of the screw is of extensive use in compression. The power of steam is immense.

8. That quality in any natural body which produces a change or makes an impression on another body; as the power of medicine; the power of heat; the power of sound.

9. Force; strength; momentum; as the power of the wind, which propels a ship or overturns a building.

10. Influence; that which may move the mind; as the power of arguments or of persuasion.

11. Command; the right of governing, or actual government; dominion; rule; sway; authority. A large portion of Asia is under the power of the Russian emperor. The power of the British monarch is limited by law. The powers of government are legislative, executive, judicial, and ministerial.

Power is no blessing in itself, but when it is employed to protect the innocent.

Swift.

Under this sense may be comprehended civil, political, ecclesiastical, and military power.

12. A sovereign, whether emperor, king or governing prince or the legislature of a state; as the powers of Europe; the great powers; the smaller powers. In this sense, the state or nation governed seems to be included in the word power. Great Britain is a great naval power.

13. One invested with authority; a ruler; a civil magistrate. Romans 13.

14. Divinity; a celestial or invisible being or agent supposed to have dominion over some part of creation; as celestial powers; the powers of darkness.

15. That which has physical power; an army; a navy; a host; a military force.

Never such a powerÃ‚--

Was levied in the body of a land.

Shak.

16. Legal authority; warrant; as a power of attorney; an agent invested with ample power. The envoy has full powers to negotiate a treaty.

17. In arithmetic and algebra, the product arising from the multiplication of a number or quantity into itself; as, a cube is the third power; the biquadrate is the fourth power.

18. In Scripture, right; privilege. John 1:1 Corinthians 9.

19. Angels, good or bad. Colossians 1. Ephesians 6.

20. Violence; force; compulsion. Ezekiel 4.

21. Christ is called the power of God, as through him and his gospel, God displays his power and authority in ransoming and saving sinners. 1 Corinthians 1.

22. The powers of heaven may denote the celestial luminaries. Matthew 24.

23. Satan is said to have the power of death, as he introduced sin, the cause of death, temporal and eternal, and torments men with the fear of death and future misery.

24. In vulgar language, a large quantity; a great number; as a power of good things. [This is, I believe, obsolete, even among our common people.]

Power of attorney, authority given to a person to act for another.

Powerful

POW'ERFUL, adjective Having great physical or mechanical power; strong; forcible; mighty; as a powerful army or navy; a powerful engine.

2. Having great moral power; forcible to persuade or convince the mind; as a powerful reason or argument.

3. Possessing great political and military power; strong in extent of dominion or national resources; potent; as a powerful monarch or prince; a powerful nation.

4. Efficacious; possessing or exerting great force or producing great effects; as a powerful medicine.

5. In general, able to produce great effects; exerting great force or energy; as powerful eloquence.

The word of God is quick and powerful. Hebrews 4.

6. Strong; intense; as a powerful heat or light.

Powerfully

POW'ERFULLY, adverb With great force or energy; potently; mightily; with great effect; forcibly; either in a physical or moral sense. Certain medicines operate powerfully on the stomach; the practice of virtue is powerfully recommended by its utility.

Powerfulness

POW'ERFULNESS, noun The quality of having or exerting great power; force; power; might.

Hakewill.

Powerless

POW'ERLESS, adjective Destitute of power, force or energy; weak; impotent; not able to produce any effect.

Shak.

Powldron

POWL'DRON, noun [Qu. French epaule, the shoulder.]

In heraldry, that part of armor which covers the shoulders.

Sandys.

Powter

POW'TER, or POU'TER, noun A variety of the common domestic pigeon, with an inflated breast.

Ed. Encyc.

Pox

POX, noun [a corruption of pocks, Saxon poc or pocc, Dutch pok, that is, a push, eruption or pustule. It is properly a plural word, but by usage is singular.]

Strictly, pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, the small pox, chicken pox, the vaccine and the venereal diseases. Pox, when used without an epithet, signifies the latter, lues venerea.

Poy

POY, noun [Spanish apoyo, a prop or stay, French appui. The verb signifies to bear or lean upon, from the root of poize.] A rope dancer's pole.

Poze

POZE, for pose, to puzzle. [See Pose.]

Practic

PRAC'TIC, for practical, is not in use. It was formerly used for practical, and Spenser uses it in the sense of artful.

Practicability

PRACTICABIL'ITY, or PRACTICABLENESS, noun [from practicable.] The quality or state of being practicable; feasibility.

Practicable

PRACTICABLE, adjective [French praticable; Italian praticabile; Spanish practicable. See Practice.]

1. That may be done, effected or performed by human means, or by powers that can be applied. It is sometimes synonymous with possible, but the words differ in this: possible is applied to that which might be performed, if the necessary powers or means could be obtained; practicable is limited in its application to things which are to be performed by the means given, or which may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift the world, but it was not practicable.

2. That may be practiced; as a practicable virtue.

Dryden.

3. That admits of use, or that may be passed or traveled; as a practicable road. In military affairs, a practicable breach is one that can be entered by troops.

Mitford.

Practicably

PRACTICABLY, adverb In such a manner as may be performed. ``A rule practicably applied before his eyes,' is not correct language. It is probably a mistake for practically.

Rogers.

Practical

PRACTICAL, adjective [Latin practicus; Italian pratico; French pratique; Spanish practico. See Practice.] Pertaining to practice or action.

2. Capable of practice or active use; opposed to speculative; as a practical understanding.

South.

3. That may be used in practice; that may be applied to use; as practical knowledge.

Tillotson.

4. That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use; as a practical man.

5. Derived from practice or experience; as practical skill or knowledge.

Practically

PRACTICALLY, adverb In relation to practice.

2. By means of practice or use; by experiment; as practically wise or skillful.

3. In practice or use; as a medicine practically safe; theoretically wrong, but practically right.

Practicalness

PRAC'TICALNESS, noun The quality of being practical.

Practice

PRAC'TICE, noun [Spanish practica; Italian pratica; French pratique; Greek, from the root of, to act, to do, to make. The root of this verb is or, as appears by the derivatives, and from the same root, in other languages, are formed German brauchen, to use; brauch, use, practice; Dutch gebruiken, to use, employ, enjoy; bruiker, a tenant, one that occupies a farm; Saxon brucan, to use, to enjoy, to eat, whence to brook, and broker; Danish bruger, to use or employ; brug, use, practice; Swedish bruka; Latin fruor, for frugor or frucor, whence fructus, contracted into fruit; Irish freacair, use, practice, frequency, Latin frequens. The Welsh praith, practice, preithiaw, to practice, may be the same word, with the loss of the palatal letter c or g.]

1. Frequent or customary actions; a succession of acts of a similar kind or in a like employment; as the practice of rising early or of dining late; the practice of reading a portion of Scripture morning and evening; the practice of making regular entries of accounts; the practice of virtue or vice. Habit is the effect of practice.

2. Use; customary use.

Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or significant than those in practice.

Dryden.

3. Dexterity acquired by use. [Unusual.]

Shak.

4. Actual performance; distinguished from theory.

There are two functions of the soul, contemplation and practice, according to the general division of objects, some of which only entertain our speculations, others employ our actions.

South.

5. Application of remedies; medical treatment of diseases. Two physicians may differ widely in their practice.

6. Exercise of any profession; as the practice of law or of medicine; the practice of arms.

7. Frequent use; exercise for instruction or discipline. The troops are daily called out for practice.

8. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means; art; stratagem; artifice; usually in a bad sense.

He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer.

Sidney.

[This use of the word is genuine; Spanish practico, skillful, Italian pratico; like expert, from Latin experior. It is not a mistake as Johnson supposes. See the Verb.]

9. A rule in arithmetic, by which the operations of the general rules are abridged in use.

Practice

PRAC'TICE, verb transitive [From the noun. The orthography of the verb ought to be the same as of the noun; as in notice and to notice.]

1. To do or perform frequently, customarily or habitually; to perform by a succession of acts; as, to practice gaming; to practice fraud or deception; to practice the virtues of charity and beneficence; to practice hypocrisy. Isaiah 32.

Many praise virtue who do not practice it.

Anon.

2. To use or exercise any profession or art; as, to practice law or medicine; to practice gunnery or surveying.

3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline or dexterity. [In this sense, the verb is usually intransitive.]

4. To commit; to perpetrate; as the horrors practiced at Wyoming.

Marshall.

5. To use; as a practiced road. [Unusual.]

Mitford.

Practice

PRAC'TICE, verb intransitive To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit or amusement; as, to practice with the broad sword; to practice with the rifle.

2. To from a habit of acting in any manner.

They shall practice how to live secure.

Milton.

3. To transact or negotiate secretly.

I have practic'd with him, And found means to let the victor know

That Syphax and Sempronius are his friends.

Addison.

4. To try artifices.

Others, by guilty artifice and arts

Of promis'd kindness, practic'd on our hearts.

Granville.

5. To use evil arts or stratagems.

If you there

Did practice on my stateÃ‚--

Shak.

6. To use medical methods or experiments.

I am little inclined to practice on others, and as little that others should practice on me.

Temple.

7. To exercise any employment or profession. A physician has practiced many years with success.

Practiced

PRAC'TICED, participle passive Done by a repetition of acts; customarily performed or used.

Practicer

PRAC'TICER, noun One that practices; one that customarily performs certain acts.

2. One who exercises a profession. In this sense, practitioner is generally used.

Practicing

PRAC'TICING, participle of the present tense Performing or using customarily; exercising, as an art or profession.

Practisant

PRACTISANT, noun An agent. [Not used.]

Shak.

Practitioner

PRACTI'TIONER, noun One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly in law or medicine.

2. One who does any thing customarily or habitually.

Whitgifte.

3. One that practices sly or dangerous arts.

South.

Praecognita

PRAECOG'NITA, n. plu. [Latin before known.] Things previously known in order to understand something else. Thus a knowledge of the structure of the human body is one of the proecognita of medical science and skill.

Praemunire

PRAEMUNI'RE, noun [a corruption of the Latin proemonere, to pre-admonish.]

1. A writ, or the offense for which it is granted. The offense consists in introducing a foreign authority or power into England, that is, introducing and maintaining the papal power, creating imperium in imperio, and yielding that obedience to the mandates of the pope, which constitutionally belongs to the king. Both the offense and the writ are so denominated from the words used in the writ, proemunine facias, cause A B to be forewarned to appear before us to answer the contempt wherewith he stands charged.

Blackstone. Encyc.

2. The penalty incurred by infringing a statute.

South.

Pragmatic

PRAGMAT'IC, or PRAGMAT'ICAL, adjective [Latin pragmaticus; Greek, from, business; to do. See Practice.]

Forward to intermeddle; meddling; impertinently busy or officious in the concerns of others, without leave or invitation.

The fellow grew so pragmatical, that the took upon him the government of my whole family.

Arbuthnot.

Pragmatic sanction, in the German empire, the settlement made by Charles VI. the emperor, who in 1722, having no sons, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the archduchess Maria Theresa, which settlement was confirmed by most of the powers of Europe.

In the civil law, pragmatic sanction may be defined, a rescript or answer of the sovereign, delivered by advice of his council to some college, order, or body of people, who consult him in relation to the affairs of their community. The like answer given to a particular person, is called simply a rescript.

Hottoman. Encyc.

Pragmatically

PRAGMAT'ICALLY, adverb In a meddling manner; impertinently.

Pragmaticalness

PRAGMAT'ICALNESS, noun The quality of intermeddling without right or invitation.

Pragmatist

PRAG'MATIST, noun One who is impertinently busy or meddling.

Reynolds.

Praisable

PRA'ISABLE, adjective That may be praised. [Not used.]

Wickliffe.

Praise

PRAISE, n. s as z. [Dutch prys, praise and price; German preis, praise, price, prize, value; Danish priis, Swedish pris, id.; Welsh pris, price, value; French prix; Italian prezzo; Spanish precio, price, value; presa, a prize; Welsh prid; Latin pretium; Spanish prez, glory, praise; Scot. prys, praise and prize. See the Verb.]

1. Commendation bestowed on a person for his personal virtues or worthy actions, on meritorious actions themselves, or on any thing valuable; approbation expressed in words or song. Praise may be expressed by an individual, and in this circumstance differs from fame, renown, and celebrity, which are the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation. When praise is applied to the expression of public approbation, it may be synonymous with renown, or nearly so. A man may deserve the praise of an individual, or of a nation.

There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the practice.

Rambler.

2. The expression of gratitude for personal favors conferred; a glorifying or extolling.

He hath put a new song into my mouth, even praise to our God. Psalm 40.

3. The object, ground or reason of praise.

He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deuteronomy 10.

Praise

PRAISE, verb transitive [Dutch pryzen, to praise; pryzeeren, to estimate or value; German preisen, to praise; Danish priser, to praise, extol or lift up; Swedish prisa; Welsh prisiaw; Armoric presa; French priser, to prize, to value; Italian prezzare; Spanish preciar; Portugese prezar, to estimate;

prezarse, to boast or glory. It appears that praise, price, prize, are all from one root, the primary sense of which is to lift, to raise, or rather to strain. So from Latin tollo, extollo, we have extol. Now in Danish roser, Swedish rosa, signifies to praise, and it may be questioned whether this is praise without a prefix. The Latin pretium, Welsh prid, is probably from the same root, denoting that which is taken for a thing sold, or the rising or amount, as we use high; a high value or price; corn is high. In Pers. afaraz, is high, lofty; afrazidan, to extol. Qu. French proner, for prosner.]

1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of personal worth or actions.

We praise not Hector, though his name we know

Is great in arms; 'tis hard to praise a foe.

Dryden.

2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works.

Praise him, all his angels, praise ye him, all his hosts. Psalm 148.

3. To express gratitude for personal favors. Psalm 138.

4. To do honor to; to display the excellence of.

All thy works shall praise thee, O Lord. Psalm 145.

Praised

PRA'ISED, participle passive Commended; extolled.

Praiseful

PRA'ISEFUL, adjective Laudable; commendable. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Praiser

PRA'ISER, noun One who praises, commends or extols; an applauder; a commender.

Sidney. Donne.

Praiseless

PRA'ISELESS, adjective Without praise or commendation.

Sidney.

Praiseworthily

PRAISEWORTHILY, adverb In a manner deserving of commendation.

Spenser.

Praiseworthiness

PRAISEWORTHINESS, noun The quality of deserving commendation.

Smith.

Praiseworthy

PRAISEWORTHY, adjective Deserving of praise or applause; commendable; as a praiseworthy action.

Arbuthnot.

Praising

PRA'ISING, participle of the present tense Commending; extolling in words or song.

Pram

PRAM, or PRAME, noun [Dutch praam.] A flat-bottomed boat or lighter; used in Holland for conveying goods to or from a ship in loading or unloading.

Encyc.

2. In military affairs, a kind of floating battery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting several cannon; used in covering the disembarkation of troops.

Encyc.

Prance

PR`ANCE, v. i. prÃƒ- ns. [Welsh pranciaw, to frolick, to play a prank, from rhanc, a reaching or craving, the same as rank; Irish rincim, to dance; Portugese brincar, to sport; Spanish brincar, to leap. It is allied to prank, which see.]

1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.

Now rule thy prancing steed.

Gay.

2. To ride with bounding movements; to ride ostentatiously.

Th'insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field.

Addison.

3. To walk or strut about in a showy manner or with warlike parade.

Swift.

Prancing

PR`ANCING, participle of the present tense Springing; bounding; riding with gallant show.

Prancing

PR`ANCING, noun A springing or bounding, as of a high spirited horse. Judges 5.

Prank

PRANK, verb transitive [If n is not radical, this word coincides with German pracht, Dutch Danish pragt, Swedish prackt, pomp, magnificence; also with German prangen, to shine, to make a show; Dutch pronken, to shine or make a show, to be adorned, to strut; Danish pranger, to prance, to make a show, to sell by retail; the latter sense perhaps from breaking; the latter sense perhaps from breaking; Swedish prunka. So in Portugese brincar, to sport; Spanish id. to leap. These are evidently the Arabic to adorn, to lighten. Prink is probably from the same root.]

To adorn in a showy manner; to dress or adjust to ostentation.

In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank.

Milton.

It is often followed by up.

Ã‚--And me, poor lowly maid,

Most goddess-like prankt up.

Shak.

Prank

PRANK, noun [Welsh pranc.] Properly, a sudden start or sally. [See prance.] Hence, a wild flight; a capering; a gambol.

2. A capricious action; a ludicrous or merry trick, or a mischievous act, rather for sport than injury. Children often play their pranks on each other.

Ã‚--In came the harpies and played their accustomed pranks.

Raleigh.

Prank

PRANK, adjective Frolicksome; full of gambols or tricks.

Brewer.

Pranked

PRANK'ED, or PRANKT, participle passive Adorned in a showy manner.

Pranker

PRANK'ER, noun One that dresses ostentatiously.

Pranking

PRANK'ING, participle of the present tense Setting off or adorning for display.

Pranking

PRANK'ING, noun Ostentatious display of dress.

More.

Prase

PRASE, n. s as z. A silicious mineral; a subspecies of quartz of a leek green color.

Cleaveland.

Prason

PRASON, n. pra'sn. [Greek.] A leek; also, a sea weed green as a leek.

Bailey.

Prate

PRATE, verb intransitive [Dutch praaten, to prate; Swedish prata, to tattle; Greek. Qu. allied perhaps to Saxon roed, speech.]

To talk much and without weight, or to little purpose; to be loquacious; as the vulgar express it, to run on.

To prate and talk for life and honor.

Shak.

And made a fool presume to prate of love.

Dryden.

Prate

PRATE, verb transitive To utter foolishly.

What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate,

When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate?

Dryden.

Prate

PRATE, noun Continued talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.

Shak. Denham.

Prater

PRA'TER, noun One that talks much to little purpose, or on trifling subjects.

Southern.

Pratic

PRAT'IC, or PRATIQUE, noun [Italian pratica; Spanish practica; French pratique. See Practice.]

In commerce, primarily, converse; intercourse; the communication between a ship and the port in which she arrives.

Hence, a license or permission to hold intercourse and trade with the inhabitants of a place, after having performed quarantine, or upon a certificate that the ship did not come from an infected place; a term used particularly in the south of Europe, where vessels coming from countries infected with contagious diseases, are subjected to quarantine.

Prating

PRA'TING, participle of the present tense Talking much on a trifling subject; talking idly.

Pratingly

PRA'TINGLY, adverb With much idle talk; with loquacity.

Prattle

PRAT'TLE, verb intransitive [dim. of prate.] To talk much and idly; to be loquacious on trifling subjects.

Locke. Addison.

This word is particularly applied to the talk of children.

Prattle

PRAT'TLE, noun Trifling talk; loquacity on trivial subjects.

Mere prattle without practice,

Is all his soldiership.

Shak.

Prattlement

PRAT'TLEMENT, noun Prattle.

Hayley.

Prattler

PRAT'TLER, noun An idle talker.

Herbert.

Prattling

PRAT'TLING, participle of the present tense Talking much on trivial affairs.

Pravity

PRAV'ITY, noun [Latin pravitas, from pravus, crooked, evil.]

Deviation from right; moral perversion; want of rectitude; corrupt state; as the pravity of human nature; the pravity of the will.

Milton. South.

Prawn

PRAWN, noun A small crustaceous fish of the genus Cancer, with a serrated snout bending upwards.

Encyc.

Praxis

PRAX'IS, noun [Latin from the Greek See Practice.] Use; practice.

Coventry.

2. An example or form to teach practice.

Lowth.

Pray

PRAY, verb intransitive [French prier; Italian pregare; Latin precor; Russian prochu; allied perhaps to the Saxon froegnan, German fragen, Dutch vraagen, Swedish frÃƒ-¥ga, to ask, Latin proco. This word belongs to the same family as preach and reproach, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic Arabic to bless, to reproach; rendered in Job 2:9to curse; properly, to reproach, to rail at or upbraid, Welsh rhegu. The primary sense is to throw, to pour forth sounds or words; for the same word in Arabic, baraka, signifies to pour out water, as in violent rain, Greek. See Rain. As the oriental word signifies to bless, and to reproach or curse, so in Latin the same word precor signifies to supplicate good or evil, and precis signifies a prayer and a curse. See Imprecate. Class Brg. No. 3. and see No. 4. 6. 7. 8.]

1. To ask with earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something desirable; to entreat; to supplicate.

Pray for them who despitefully use you and persecute you. Matthew 5.

2. To petition; to ask, as for a favor; as in application to a legislative body.

3. In worship, to address the Supreme Being with solemnity and reverence, with adoration, confession of sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving for blessings received.

When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father who is in secret, and thy Father who seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly. Matthew 6.

4. I pray, that is, I pray you tell me, or let me know, is a common mode of introducing a question.

Pray

PRAY, verb transitive To supplicate; to entreat; to urge.

We pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. 2 Corinthians 5.

2. In worship, to supplicate; to implore; to ask with reverence and humility.

Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps the thought of thy heart may be forgiven thee. Acts 8.

3. To petition. The plaintif prays judgement of the court.

He that will have the benefit of this act, must pray a prohibition before a sentence in the ecclesiastical court.

Ayliffe.

4. To ask or intreat in ceremony or form.

Pray my colleague Antonius I may speak with him.

B. Jonson.

[In most instances, this verb is transitive only by ellipsis. To pray God, is used for to pray to God; to pray a prohibition, is to pray for a prohibition, &c.]

To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for help one who has interest in the cause.

Prayer

PRA'YER, noun In a general sense, the act of asking for a favor, and particularly with earnestness.

2. In Worship, a solemn address to the Supreme Being, consisting of adoration, or an expression of our sense of God's glorious perfections, confession of our sins, supplication for mercy and forgiveness, intercession for blessings on others, and thanksgiving, or an expression of gratitude to God for his mercies and benefits. A prayer however may consist of a single petition, and it may be extemporaneous, written or printed.

3. A formula of church service, or of worship, public or private.

4. Practice of supplication.

As he is famed for mildness, peace and prayer.

Shak.

5. That part of a memorial or petition to a public body, which specifies the request or thing desired to be done or granted, as distinct from the recital of facts or reasons for the grant. We say, the prayer of the petition is that the petitioner may be discharged from arrest.

Prayer-Book

PRA'YER-BOOK, noun A book containing prayers or the forms of devotion, public or private.

Swift.

Prayerful

PRA'YERFUL, adjective Devotional; given to prayer; as a prayerful frame of mind.

2. Using much prayer.

Prayerfully

PRA'YERFULLY, adverb With much prayer.

Prayerless

PRA'YERLESS, adjective Not using prayer; habitually neglecting the duty of prayer to God; as a prayerless family.

Prayerlessness

PRA'YERLESSNESS, noun Total or habitual neglect of prayer.

T. H. Skinner.

Praying

PRA'YING, participle of the present tense Asking; supplicating.

Prayingly

PRA'YINGLY, adverb With supplication to God.

Pre

PRE, an English prefix, is the Latin proe, before, probably a contracted word; Russian pred. It expresses priority of time or rank. It may be radically the same as the Italian proda, the prow of a ship; prode, profit, also valiant, whence prowess, from some root signifying to advance. It sometimes signifies beyond, and may be rendered very, as in prepotent.

Preach

PREACH, verb intransitive [Dutch preeken; French prÃƒ-ªcher, for prescher; Armoric pregnein or prezecq; Welsh preg, a greeting; pregeth, a sermon; pregethu, to preach, derived from the noun, and the noun from rheg, a sending out, utterance, a gift, a curse, imprecation; rhegu, to send out, to give or consign, to curse; Hebrew Chaldee Arabic; Latin proeco, a crier, Saxon fricca or fryccea, a crier. This is from the same root as pray, Latin precor, and with s prefixed, gives the German sprechen, Dutch spreeken, Swedish sprÃƒ-¥ka, to speak; Danish sprog, speech. Class Brg. No. 2. 3. 4. 5.]

1. To pronounce a public discourse on a religious subject, or from a text of Scripture. The word is usually applied to such discourses as are formed from a text of Scripture. This is the modern sense of preach.

2. To discourse on the gospel way of salvation and exhort to repentance; to discourse on evangelical truths and exhort to a belief of them and acceptance of the terms of salvation. This was the extemporaneous manner of preaching pursued by Christ and his apostles. Matthew 4, 10. Acts 10, 14.

Preach

PREACH, verb transitive To proclaim; to publish in religious discourses.

What ye hear in the ear, that preach ye on the house-tops. Matthew 10.

The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings to the meek. Isaiah 61.

2. To inculcate in public discourses.

I have preached righteousness in the great congregation. Psalm 40.

He oft to them preach'd

Conversion and repentance.

Milton.

To preach Christ or Christ crucified, to announce Christ as the only Savior, and his atonement as the only ground of acceptance with God. 1 Corinthians 1.

To preach up, to discourse in favor of.

Can they preach up equality of birth?

Dryden.

Preach

PREACH, noun A religious discourse. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Preached

PRE'ACHED, participle passive Proclaimed; announced in public discourse; inculcated.

Preacher

PRE'ACHER, noun One who discourses publicly on religious subjects.

Bacon.

2. One that inculcates any thing with earnestness.

No preacher is listened to but time.

Swift.

Preachership

PRE'ACHERSHIP, noun The office of a preacher. [Not used.]

Hall.

Preaching

PRE'ACHING, participle of the present tense Proclaiming; publishing in discourse; inculcating.

Preaching

PRE'ACHING, noun The act of preaching; a public religious discourse.

Milner.

Preachman

PRE'ACHMAN, noun A preacher; in contempt.

Howell.

Preachment

PRE'ACHMENT, noun A discourse or sermon; in contempt; a discourse affectedly solemn.

Shak.

Preacquaintance

PREACQUA'INTANCE, noun Previous acquaintance or knowledge.

Harris.

Preacquainted

PREACQUA'INTED, adjective Previously acquainted.

Sheridan.

Preadamite

PREAD'AMITE, noun [pre, before, and Adam.]

An inhabitant of the earth that lived before Adam.

Pereyra.

Preadamitic

PREADAMIT'IC, adjective Designating what existed before Adam; as fictitious preadamitic periods.

Kirwan.

Preadministration

PREADMINISTRA'TION, noun Previous administration.

Pearson.

Preadmonish

PREADMON'ISH, verb transitive To admonish previously.

Preadmonition

PREADMONI'TION, noun Previous warning or admonition.

Preamble

PRE'AMBLE, noun [Italian preambolo; Spanish preambulo; French prÃƒ-©ambule; Latin proe, before, and ambulo, to go.]

1. Something previous; introduction to a discourse or writing.

2. The introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.

Encyc. Dryden.

Preamble

PRE'AMBLE, verb transitive To preface; to introduce with previous remarks.

Feltham.

Preambulary

PREAM'BULARY, or PREAM'BULOUS, adjective Previous; introductory. [Not used.]

Brown.

Preambulate

PREAM'BULATE, verb intransitive [Latin proe, before, and ambulo, to walk.] To walk or go before.

Jordan.

Preambulation

PREAMBULA'TION, noun A preamble. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

2. A walking or going before.

Preambulatory

PREAM'BULATORY, adjective Going before; preceding.

Taylor.

Preapprehension

PREAPPREHEN'SION, noun [See Apprehend.] An opinion formed before examination.

Brown.

Prease

PREASE, noun Press; crowd. [Not used. See Press.]

Chapman.

Preasing

PRE'ASING, participle of the present tense or adjective Crowding. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Preaudience

PREAU'DIENCE, noun [See Audience.] Precedence or rank at the bar among lawyers; right of previous audience.

Blackstone.

Prebend

PREB'END, noun [Italian prebenda, prebend, provision; Spanish prebenda, French prebende, from Latin proebeo, to afford, to allow.]

1. The stipend or maintenance granted out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate church. Prebends are simple or dignitary; simple, when they are restricted to the revenue only, and dignitary, when they have jurisdiction annexed to them.

Encyc.

2. A prebendary. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Prebendal

PREBEND'AL, adjective Pertaining to a prebend.

Chesterfield.

Prebendary

PREB'ENDARY, noun [French prebendier.] An ecclesiastic who enjoys a prebend; the stipendiary of a cathedral church.

Swift.

A prebendary differs from a canon in this; the prebendary receives his prebend in consideration of his officiating in the church; the canon merely in consequence of his being received into the cathedral or college.

Encyc.

Prebendaryship

PREB'ENDARYSHIP, noun The office of a prebendary; a canonry.

Wotton.

Precarious

PRECA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin precarius, from precor, to pray or entreat; primarily, depending on request, or on the will of another.]

1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another. A privilege depending on another's will is precarious, or held by a precarious tenure.

Addison.

2. Uncertain; held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown or unforeseen causes or events. Temporal prosperity is

precarious; personal advantages, health, strength and beauty are all precarious, depending on a thousand accidents.

Rogers.

We say also, the weather is precarious; a phrase in which we depart not more from the primary sense of the word, than we do in a large part of all the words in the language.

Precariously

PRECA'RIOUSLY, adverb At the will or pleasure of others; dependently; by an uncertain tenure; as, he subsists precariously.

Lesley. Pope.

Precariousness

PRECA'RIOUSNESS, noun Uncertainty; dependence on the will or pleasure of others, or on unknown events; as the precariousness of life or health.

Precative

PRE'CATIVE, or PRE'CATORY, adjective [Latin precor, to pray.] Suppliant; beseeching.

Harris. Hopkins.

Precaution

PRECAU'TION, noun [French from Latin precautus, proecaveo; proe, before, and caveo, to take care.]

Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good in possession.

Addison.

Precaution

PRECAU'TION, verb transitive To warn or advise beforehand for preventing mischief or securing good.

Locke.

Precautional

PRECAU'TIONAL, adjective Preventive of mischief.

Montague.

Precautionary

PRECAU'TIONARY, adjective Containing previous caution; as precautionary advice or admonition.

2. Proceeding from previous caution; adapted to prevent mischief or secure good; as precautionary measures.

Precedaneous

PRECEDA'NEOUS, adjective [from precede, Latin proecedo.]

Preceding; antecedent; anterior. [Not used.]

Hale.

Precede

PRECE'DE, verb transitive [Latin proecedo; proe, before, and cedo, to move.]

1. To go before in the order of time. The corruption of morals precedes the ruin of a state.

2. To go before in rank or importance.

3. To cause something to go before; to make to take place in prior time.

It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration. [Unusual.]

Kent.

Preceded

PRECE'DED, participle passive Being gone before.

Precedence

PRECE'DENCE, or PRECE'DENCY, noun The act or state of going before; priority in time; as the precedence of one event to another.

2. The state of going or being before in rank or dignity or the place of honor; the right to a more honorable place in public processions, in seats or in the civilities of life. Precedence depends on the order of nature or rank established by God himself, as that due to age; or on courtesy, custom or political distinction, as that due to a governor or senator, who, though younger in years, takes rank of a subordinate officer, though older; or it is settled by authority, as in Great Britain. In the latter case, a violation of the right of precedence is actionable.

Precedence went in truck,

And he was competent whose purse was so.

Cowper.

3. The foremost in ceremony.

Milton.

4. Superiority; superior importance or influence.

Which of the different desires has precedency in determining the will to the next action.

Locke.

Precedent

PRECE'DENT, adjective Going before in time; anterior; antecedent; as precedent services; a precedent fault of the will.

The world, or any part thereof, could not be precedent to the creation of man.

Hale.

A precedent condition, in law, is a condition which must happen or be performed before an estate or some right can vest, and on failure of which the estate or right is defeated.

Blackstone.

Precedent

PREC'EDENT, noun Something done or said, that may serve or be adduced as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the like kind.

Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only.

Hooker.

2. In law, a judicial decision, interlocutory or final, which serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases; or any proceeding or course of proceedings which may serve for a rule in subsequent cases of a like nature.

Precedented

PREC'EDENTED, adjective Having a precedent; authorized by an example of a like kind.

Precedently

PRECE'DENTLY, adverb Beforehand; antecedently.

Precellence

PRECEL'LENCE, noun Excellence. [Not in use.]

Sheldon.

Precentor

PRECEN'TOR, noun [Low Latin proecentor; French precenteur; Italian precentore; Latin proe, before, and canto, to sing.]

The leader of the choir in a cathedral; called also the chanter or master of the choir.

Encyc.

Precept

PRE'CEPT, noun [French precepte; Spanish precepto; Italian precetto; Latin proeceptum, from proecipio, to command; proe, before, and capio, to take.]

1. In a general sense, any commandment or order intended as an authoritative rule of action; but applied particularly to commands respecting moral conduct. The ten commandments are so many precepts for the regulation of our moral conduct.

No arts are without their precepts.

Dryden.

2. In law, a command or mandate in writing.

Encyc.

Preceptial

PRECEP'TIAL, adjective Consisting of precepts. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Preception

PRECEP'TION, noun A precept. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Preceptive

PRECEP'TIVE, adjective [Latin proeceptivus.] Giving precepts or commands for the regulation of moral conduct; containing precepts; as the preceptive parts of the Scriptures.

2. Directing in moral conduct; giving rules or directions; didactic.

The lesson given us here is preceptive to us.

L'Estrange.

Preceptive poetry.

Encyc.

Preceptor

PRECEP'TOR, noun [Latin proeceptor. See Precept.]

1. In a general sense, a teacher; an instructor.

2. In a restricted sense, the teacher of a school; sometimes, the principal teacher of an academy or other seminary.

Preceptorial

PRECEPTO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a preceptor.

Lit. Magazine.

Preceptory

PRECEP'TORY, adjective Giving precepts.

Anderson.

Preceptory

PRECEP'TORY, noun A subordinate religious house where instruction was given

Precession

PRECES'SION, noun [French precession; Italian precessione; from the Latin proecessus, proecedo, to go before.]

1. Literally, the act of going before, but in this sense rarely or never used.

2. In astronomy, the precession of the equinox, is an annual motion of the equinox, or point when the ecliptic intersects the equator, to the westward, amounting to 50 1/3'. This precession was discovered by Hipparchus, a century and a half before the christian era, though it is alledged that the astronomers of India had discovered it long before. At that time, the point of the autumnal equinox was about six degrees to the eastward of the star called spica virginis. In 1750, that is, about nineteen hundred years after, this point was observed to be about 20Ã‚-° 21' westward of that star. Hence it appears that the equinoctial points will make an entire revolution in about 25,745 years.

Encyc.

Precinct

PRE'CINCT, noun [Latin proecinctus, proecingo, to encompass; proe, and cingo, to surround or gird.]

1. The limit, bound or exterior line encompassing a place; as the precincts of light.

Milton.

2. Bounds of jurisdiction, or the whole territory comprehended within the limits of authority.

Take the body of A B, if to be found within your precincts.

Technical Law.

3. A territorial district or division.

It is to be observed that this word is generally used in the plural, except in the third sense.

In case of non-acceptance [of the collector] the parish or precinct, shall proceed to a new choice.

Law of Massachusetts.

Preciosity

PRECIOSITY, for preciousness or value, not used.

Brown. More.

Precious

PRE'CIOUS, adjective [French precieux; Latin pretiosus, from pretium, price. See Praise.]

1. Of great price; costly; as a precious stone.

2. Of great value or worth; very valuable. She is more precious than rubies. Proverbs 3.

3. Highly valued; much esteemed.

The word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision. 1 Samuel 3.

4. Worthless; in irony and contempt.

Locke.

Precious metals, gold and silver, so called on account of their value.

Preciously

PRE'CIOUSLY, adverb Valuably; to a great price.

2. Contemptibly; in irony.

Preciousness

PRE'CIOUSNESS, noun Valuableness; great value; high price.

Wilkins.

Precipe

PRECIPE, n. pres'ipy. [Latin proecipio. See Precept.]

In law, a writ commanding the defendant to do a certain thing, or to show cause to the contrary; giving him his choice to redress the injury or to stand the suit.

Blackstone.

Precipice

PREC'IPICE, noun [French from Latin proecipitium, from proeceps, headlong; proe, forward, and ceps, for caput, head. See Chief.]

1. Strictly, a falling headlong; hence, a steep descent of land; a fall or descent of land, perpendicular or nearly so.

Where wealth, like fruit, on precipices grew.

Dryden.

2. A steep descent, in general.

In the breaking of the waves there is ever a precipice.

Bacon.

Swift down the precipice of time it goes.

Dryden.

Precipient

PRECIP'IENT, adjective [Latin proecipiens. See Precept.] Commanding; directing.

Precipitability

PRECIPITABIL'ITY, noun [from precipitable.] The quality or state of being precipitable.

Precipitable

PRECIP'ITABLE, adjective [from Latin proecipito, from proeceps, headlong.]

That may be precipitated or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution.

Precipitance

PRECIP'ITANCE, or PRECIP'ITANCY, noun [from precipitant.] Headlong hurry; rash haste; haste in resolving, forming an opinion or executing a purpose without due deliberation.

Hurried on by the precipitance of youth.

Swift.

Rashness and precipitance of judgment.

Watts.

2. Hurry; great haste in going.

Milton.

Precipitant

PRECIP'ITANT, adjective [Latin proecipitans, proecipito, from proeceps, headlong.]

1. Falling or rushing headlong; rushing down with velocity.

They leave their little lives

Above the clouds, precipitant to earth.

Philips.

2. Hasty; urged with violent haste.

Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold,

Precipitant, in fear, would wing their flight.

Pope.

3. Rashly hurried or hasty; as precipitant rebellion.

K. Charles.

4. Unexpectedly brought on or hastened.

Taylor.

Precipitant

PRECIP'ITANT, noun In chimistry, a liquor, which when poured on a solution, separates what is dissolved and makes it precipitate, or fall to the bottom in a concrete state.

Encyc.

Precipitantly

PRECIP'ITANTLY, adverb With great haste; with rash unadvised haste; with tumultuous hurry.

Milton.

Precipitate

PRECIP'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin proecipito, from proeceps, headlong. See Precipice.]

1. To throw headlong; as, he precipitated himself from a rock.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To urge or press with eagerness or violence; as, to precipitate a flight.

Dryden.

3. To hasten.

Short intermittent and swift recurrent pains do precipitate patients into consumptions.

Harvey.

4. To hurry blindly or rashly.

If they be daring, it may precipitate their designs and prove dangerous.

Bacon.

5. To throw to the bottom of a vessel; as a substance in solution.

All metals may be precipitated by alkaline salts.

Encyc.

Precipitate

PRECIP'ITATE, verb intransitive To fall headlong.

Shak.

2. To fall to the bottom of a vessel, as sediment, or any substance in solution.

Bacon.

3. To hasten without preparation.

Bacon.

Precipitate

PRECIP'ITATE, adjective Falling, flowing or rushing with steep descent.

Precipitate the furious torrent flows.

Prior.

2. Headlong; over hasty; rashly hasty; as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war.

3. Adopted with haste or without due deliberation; hasty; as a precipitate measure.

4. Hasty; violent; terminating speedily in death; as a precipitate case of disease.

Arbuthnot.

Precipitate

PRECIP'ITATE, noun A substance which, having been dissolved, is again separated from its solvent and thrown to the bottom of the vessel by pouring another liquor upon it.

Precipitate per se, or Red precipitate, the red oxyd or peroxyd of mercury.

Thomson.

Precipitated

PRECIP'ITATED, participle passive Hurried; hastened rashly; thrown headlong.

Precipitately

PRECIP'ITATELY, adverb Headlong; with steep descent.

2. Hastily; with rash haste; without due caution. Neither praise nor censure precipitately.

Precipitating

PRECIP'ITATING, participle of the present tense Thowing headlong; hurrying; hastening rashly.

Precipitation

PRECIPITA'TION, noun [Latin proecipitatio.]

1. The act of throwing headlong.

Shak.

2. A falling, flowing or rushing down with violence and rapidity.

The hurry; precipitation and rapid motion of the water.

Woodward.

3. Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; rapid movement.

The precipitation of inexperience is often restrained by shame.

Rambler.

4. The act or operation of throwing to the bottom of a vessel any substance held in solution by its menstruum. Precipitation is often effected by a double elective attraction.

Encyc.

Precipitator

PRECIP'ITATOR, noun One that urges on with vehemence or rashness.

Hammond.

Precipitous

PRECIP'ITOUS, adjective [Latin proeceps.] Very steep; as a precipitous cliff or mountain.

2. Headlong; directly or rapidly descending; as a precipitous fall.

K. Charles.

3. Hasty; rash; heady.

Advice unsafe, precipitous and bold.

Dryden.

Precipitously

PRECIP'ITOUSLY, adverb With steep descent; in violent haste.

Precipitousness

PRECIP'ITOUSNESS, noun Steepness of descent.

2. Rash haste.

Hammond.

Precise

PRECI'SE, adjective [Latin proecisus, from proecido, to cut off; proe and coedo; literally, cut or pared away, that is, pared to smoothness or exactness.]

1. Exact; nice; definite; having determinate limitations; not loose, vague, uncertain or equivocal; as precise rules of morality; precise directions for life and conduct.

The law in this point is precise.

Bacon.

For the hour precise

Exacts our parting.

Milton.

2. Formal; superstitiously exact; excessively nice; punctilious in conduct or ceremony.

Addison.

Precisely

PRECI'SELY, adverb Exactly; nicely; accurately; in exact conformity to truth or to a model. The ideas are precisely expressed. The time of an eclipse may be precisely determined by calculation.

When more of these orders than one are to be set in several stories, there must be an exquisite care to place the columns precisely one over another.

Wotton.

2. With excess of formality; with scrupulous exactness or punctiliousness in behavior or ceremony.

Preciseness

PRECI'SENESS, noun Exactness; rigid nicety; as the preciseness of words or expressions.

I will distinguish the cases; though give me leave, in handling them, not to sever them with too much preciseness.

Bacon.

2. Excessive regard to forms or rules; rigid formality.

Precisian

PRECI'SIAN, n. s as z. One that limits or restrains.

Shak.

2. One who is rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the observance of rules.

Drayton. Watts.

Precisianism

PRECI'SIANISM, noun Excessive exactness; superstitious rigor.

Milton.

[These two words are, I believe, little used, or not at all.]

Precision

PRECI'SION, n. s as z. [French from Latin proecisio.] Exact limitation; exactness; accuracy. Precision in the use of words is a prime excellence in discourse; it is indispensable in controversy, in legal instruments and in mathematical calculations. Neither perspicuity nor precision should be sacrificed to ornament.

Precisive

PRECI'SIVE, adjective Exactly limiting by separating what is not relative to the purpose; as precisive abstraction.

Watts.

Preclude

PRECLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin proecludo; proe, before, and cludo, claudo, to shut.]

1. To prevent from entering by previously shutting the passage, or by any previous measures; hence, to hinder from access, possession or enjoyment. Sin, by its very nature, precludes the sinner from heaven; it precludes the enjoyment of God's favor; or it precludes the favor of God.

The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins.

Darwin.

2. To prevent from happening or taking place.

Precluded

PRECLU'DED, participle passive Hindered from entering or enjoyment; debarred from something by previous obstacles.

Precluding

PRECLU'DING, participle of the present tense Shutting out; preventing from access or possession or from having place.

Preclusion

PRECLU'SION, n. s as z. The act of shutting out or preventing from access or possession; the state of being prevented from entering, possession or enjoyment.

Rambler.

Preclusive

PRECLU'SIVE, adjective Shutting out, or tending to preclude; hindering by previous obstacles.

Burke.

Preclusively

PRECLU'SIVELY, adverb With hinderance by anticipation.

Precocious

PRECO'CIOUS, adjective [Latin proecox; proe, before, and coquo, to cook or prepare.]

1. Ripe before the proper or natural time; as precocious trees.

Brown.

2. Premature.

Precociousness

PRECO'CIOUSNESS, or PRECOC'ITY, noun Rapid growth and ripeness before the usual time; prematureness.

Howell.

I cannot learn that he gave, in his youth, any evidence of that precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius.

Wift's Life of P. Henry,

Precogitate

PRECOG'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin proecogito; proe and cogito.]

To consider or contrive beforehand. [Little used.]

Sherwood.

Precogitation

PRECOGITA'TION, noun Previous thought or consideration.

Dict.

Precognita

PRECOGNITA. [See Proecognita.]

Precognition

PRECOGNI'TION, noun [Latin proe, before, and cognitio, knowledge.]

1. Previous knowledge; antecedent examination.

Fotherby.

2. In Scots law, an examination of witnesses to a criminal act, before a judge, justice of the peace or sherif, before the prosecution of the offender, in order to know whether there is ground of trial, and to enable the prosecutor to set forth the facts in the libel.

Encyc.

Precompose

PRECOMPO'SE, verb transitive [See Compose.] To compose beforehand.

Johnson.

Precomposed

PRECOMPO'SED, participle passive Composed beforehand.

Precomposing

PRECOMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Composing beforehand.

Preconceit

PRECONCE'IT, noun [See Preconceive.] An opinion or notion previously formed.

Hooker.

Preconceive

PRECONCE'IVE, verb transitive [Latin proe, before, and concipio, to conceive.]

To form a conception or opinion beforehand; to form a previous notion or idea.

In a dead plain, the way seems the longer, because the eye has preconceived it shorter than the truth.

Bacon.

Preconceived

PRECONCE'IVED, participle passive Conceived beforehand; previously formed; as preconceived opinions; preconceived ends or purposes.

South.

Preconceiving

PRECONCE'IVING, participle of the present tense Conceiving or forming beforehand.

Preconception

PRECONCEP'TION, noun Conception or opinion previously formed.

Hakewill.

Preconcert

PRECONCERT', verb transitive [pre and concert.] To concert beforehand; to settle by previous agreement.

Preconcerted

PRECONCERT'ED, participle passive Previously concerted or settled.

Warton.

Preconcerting

PRECONCERT'ING, participle of the present tense Contriving and settling beforehand.

Preconization

PRECONIZA'TION, noun [Latin proeconium, from proeco, a crier.]

A publishing by proclamation, or a proclamation. [Not used.]

Hall.

Preconsign

PRECONSIGN, verb transitive [pre and consign.] To consign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of.

Preconstitute

PRECON'STITUTE, verb transitive [pre and constitute.]

To constitute or establish beforehand.

Preconstituted

PRECON'STITUTED, participle passive Previously established.

Paley.

Preconstituting

PRECON'STITUTING, participle of the present tense Constituting beforehand.

Precontract

PRECON'TRACT, noun [pre and contract.]

A contract previous to another.

Shak.

Precontract

PRECONTRACT', verb transitive To contract or stipulate previously.

Precontract

PRECONTRACT', verb intransitive To make a previous contract or agreement.

Precontracted

PRECONTRACT'ED, participle passive Previously contracted or stipulated; previously engaged by contract; as a woman precontracted to another man.

Ayliffe.

Precontracting

PRECONTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Stipulating or covenanting beforehand.

Precurse

PRECURSE, n. precurs'. [Latin proecursus, proecurro; proe and curro, to run.]

A forerunning. [Not used.]

Shak.

Precursor

PRECURS'OR, noun [Latin proecursor, supra.] A forerunner; a harbinger; he or that which precedes an event and indicates its approach; as Jove's lightnings, the precursors of thunder.

Shak.

A cloud in the southwest, in winter, is often the precursor of a snow storm. A hazy atmosphere in the west, at sunset, is often the precursor of a cloudy or of a rainy day.

U. States.

Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms and tempests of the soul.

Buckminster.

Precursory

PRECURS'ORY, adjective Preceding as the harbinger; indicating something to follow; as precursory symptoms of a fever.

Med. Repos.

Precursory

PRECURS'ORY, noun An introduction. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Predaceous

PREDA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin proedaceus, from proeda, prey, spoil.]

Living by prey.

Derham.

Predal

PRE'DAL, adjective [Latin proeda, prey.] Pertaining to prey.

2. Practicing plunder.

Boyle.

Predatory

PRED'ATORY, adjective [Latin proedatorius, from proeda, prey.]

1. Plundering; pillaging; characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; as a predatory war; a predatory excursion; a predatory party.

2. Hungry; ravenous; as predatory spirits or appetite. [Hardly allowable.]

Bacon.

Predecease

PREDECE'ASE, verb intransitive [pre and decease.] To die before.

Shak.

Predeceased

PREDECE'ASED, adjective Dead before.

Shak.

Predecessor

PREDECES'SOR, noun [French prÃƒ-©dÃƒ-©cesseur; Latin proe and decedo, to depart.]

A person who has preceded another in the same office. The king, the president, the judge, or the magistrate, follows the steps of his predecessor, or he does not imitate the example of his predecessors. It is distinguished from ancestor, who is of the same blood; but it may perhaps be sometimes used for it.

Hooker. Addison.

Predesign

PREDESIGN, verb transitive To design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine.

Predesigned

PREDESIGNED, participle passive Purposed or determined previously.

Mitford.

Predesigning

PREDESIGNING, participle of the present tense Designing previously.

Predestinarian

PREDESTINA'RIAN, noun [See Predestinate.]

One that believes in the doctrine of predestination.

Walton.

Predestinate

PREDES'TINATE, adjective Predestinated; foreordained.

Burnet.

Predestinate

PREDES'TINATE, verb transitive [Italian predestinare; French predestiner; Latin proedestino; proe and destino, to appoint.]

To predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose.

Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son. Romans 8.

Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself. Ephesians 1.

Predestinated

PREDES'TINATED, participle passive Predetermined; foreordained; decreed.

Predestinating

PREDES'TINATING, participle of the present tense Foreordaining; decreeing; appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose.

2. Holding predestination.

And pricks up his predestinating ears.

Dryden

Predestination

PREDESTINA'TION, noun The act of decreeing or foreordaining events; the decree of God by which he hath, from eternity, unchangeably appointed or determined whatever comes to pass. It is used particularly in theology to denote the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or misery.

Encyc.

Predestination is a part of the unchangeable plan of the divine government; or in other words, the unchangeable purpose of an unchangeable God.

Predestinator

PREDES'TINATOR, noun Properly, one that foreordains.

2. One that holds to predestination.

Cowley.

Predestine

PREDES'TINE, verb transitive To decree beforehand; to foreordain.

And bid predestined empires rise and fall.

Prior.

Predeterminate

PREDETERM'INATE, adjective Determined beforehand; as the predeterminate counsel of God.

Parkhurst.

Predetermination

PREDETERMINA'TION, noun [See Predetermine.]

1. Previous determination; purpose formed beforehand; as the predetermination of God's will.

Hammond.

2. Premotion; that concurrence of God which determines men in their actions.

Encyc.

Predetermine

PREDETERM'INE, verb transitive [pre and determine.]

1. To determine beforehand; to settle in purpose or counsel.

If God foresees events, he must have predetermined them.

Hale.

2. To doom by previous decree.

Predial

PRE'DIAL, adjective [Spanish predial, from Latin proedium, a farm or estate.]

1. Consisting of land or farms; real estate.

Ayliffe.

2. Attached to land or farms; as predial slaves.

Encyc.

3. Growing or issuing from land; as predial tithes.

Predicability

PREDICABIL'ITY, noun [from predicable.] The quality of being predicable, or capable of being affirmed of something, or attributed to something.

Reid.

Predicable

PRED'ICABLE, adjective [Latin proedicabilis, from proedico, to affirm; proe and dico, to say.]

That may be affirmed of something; that may be attributed to. Animal is predicable of man. Intelligence is not predicable of plants. More or less is not predicable of a circle or of a square. Whiteness is not predicable of time.

Predicable

PRED'ICABLE, noun One of the five things which can be affirmed of any thing. Genus, species, difference, property, and accident are the five predicables.

Watts.

Predicament

PREDIC'AMENT, noun [French from Latin proedicamentum, from proedico, to affirm.]

1. In logic, a category; a series or order of all the predicates or attributes contained under any genus. The school philosophers distribute all the objects of our thoughts and ideas into genera or classes, which the Greeks call categories, and the Latins predicaments. Aristotle made ten categories, viz. substance, quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, situation and habit.

Encyc.

2. Class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition; particular situation or state.

Shak.

We say, the country is in a singular predicament.

Predicamental

PREDICAMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to a predicament.

Hale.

Predicant

PRED'ICANT, noun [Latin proedicans, proedico.] One that affirms any thing.

Predicate

PRED'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin proedico; proe and dico, to say.]

To affirm one thing of another; as, to predicate whiteness of snow. Reason may be predicated of man.

Predicate

PRED'ICATE, verb intransitive To affirm; to comprise an affirmation.

Hale.

Predicate

PRED'ICATE, noun In logic, that which, in a proposition, is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these propositions, ``paper is white,' ``ink is not white,' whiteness is the predicate affirmed of paper, and denied of ink.

Watts.

Predication

PREDICA'TION, noun [Latin proedicatio.] Affirmation of something, or the act of affirming one thing of another.

Locke.

Predicatory

PRED'ICATORY, adjective Affirmative; positive.

Bp. Hall.

Predict

PREDICT', verb transitive [Latin proedictus, proedico; proe, before, and dico, to tell.]

To foretell; to tell beforehand something that is to happen. Moses predicted the dispersion of the Israelites. Christ predicted the destruction of Jerusalem.

Predicted

PREDICT'ED, participle passive Foretold; told before the event.

Predicting

PREDICT'ING, participle of the present tense Foretelling.

Prediction

PREDIC'TION, noun [Latin proedictio.] A foretelling; a previous declaration of a future event; prophecy. The fulfillment of the predictions of the prophets is considered to be a strong argument in favor of the divine origin of the Scriptures.

Predictive

PREDICT'IVE, adjective Foretelling; prophetic.

More.

Predictor

PREDICT'OR, noun A foreteller; one who prophesies.

Swift.

Predigestion

PREDIGES'TION, noun [pre and digestion.] Too hasty digestion.

Predigestion fills the body with crudities.

Bacon.

Predilection

PREDILEC'TION, noun [French; Italian predilezione; Latin proe, before, and dilectus, diligo, to love.]

A previous liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something.

Warton.

Predisponent

PREDISPO'NENT, noun That which predisposes.

Predispose

PREDISPO'SE, v.t. s as z. [pre and dispose.]

1. To incline beforehand; to give a previous disposition to; as, to predispose the mind or temper to friendship.

South.

2. To fit or adapt previously; as, debility predisposes the body to disease.

Predisposed

PREDISPO'SED, participle passive Previously inclined or adapted.

Predisposing

PREDISPO'SING, participle of the present tense Inclining or adapting beforehand.

2. adjective Tending or able to give predisposition or liableness; as the predisposing causes of disease.

Predisposition

PREDISPOSI'TION, noun Previous inclination or propensity to any thing; applied to the mind.

2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression or purpose; applied to matter; as the predisposition of the body to disease; the predisposition of the seasons to generate diseases.

Wiseman. Bacon.

Predominance

PREDOM'INANCE, or PREDOM'INANCY, noun [See Predominant.]

1. Prevalence over others; superiority in strength, power, influence or authority; ascendancy; as the predominance of a red color in a body of various colors; the predominance of love or anger among the passions; the predominance of self-interest over all other considerations; the predominance of imperial authority in the confederacy.

2. In astrology, the superior influence of a planet.

Predominant

PREDOM'INANT, adjective [French predominant; Italian predominante; Latin proe and dominans, dominor, to rule.]

Prevalent over others; superior in strength, influence or authority; ascendant; ruling; controlling; as a predominant color; predominant beauty or excellence; a predominant passion.

Those helpsÃ‚--were predominant in the king's mind.

Bacon.

Foul subornation is predominant.

Shak.

Predominantly

PREDOM'INANTLY, adverb With superior strength or influence.

Brown.

Predominate

PREDOM'INATE, verb intransitive [French predominer; Spanish predominar; Italian predominare; Latin proe, before, and dominor, to rule, from dominus, lord.]

To prevail; to surpass in strength, influence or authority; to be superior; to have controlling influence. In some persons, the love of money predominates over all other passions; in others, ambition or the love of fame predominates; in most men, self-interest predominates over patriotism and philanthropy.

So much did love t' her executed lord

Predominate in this fair lady's heart.

Daniel.

The rays reflected least obliquely may predominate over the rest.

Newton.

Predominate

PREDOM'INATE, verb transitive To rule over.

Predominating

PREDOM'INATING, participle of the present tense Having superior strength or influence; ruling; controlling.

Predomination

PREDOMINA'TION, noun Superior strength or influence.

Browne.

Pre-Elect

PRE-ELECT', verb transitive [pre and elect.] To choose or elect beforehand.

Dict.

Pre-Election

PRE-ELEC'TION, noun Choice or election by previous determination of the will.

Prideaux.

Pre-Eminence

PRE-EM'INENCE, noun [French; Italian preeminenza; pre and eminence.]

1. Superiority in excellence; distinction in something commendable; as pre-eminence in honor or virtue; pre-eminence in eloquence, in legal attainments or in medical skill.

The preeminence of christianity to any other religious schemeÃ‚--

Addison.

2. Precedence; priority of place; superiority in rank or dignity.

That in all things he might have the preeminence. Colossians 1.

Painful preeminence! yourself to view

Above life's weakness and its comforts too.

Pope.

3. Superiority of power or influence.

Hooker.

4. Sometimes in a bad sense; as pre-eminence in guilt or crime.

Pre-Eminent

PRE-EM'INENT, adjective [French; pre and eminent; Latin proe, before, and eminens, emineo. See Menace.]

1. Superior in excellence; distinguished for something commendable or honorable.

In goodness and in power preeminent.

Milton.

2. Surpassing others in evil or bad qualities; as pre-eminent in crime or guilt.

Pre-Eminently

PRE-EM'INENTLY, adverb In a preeminent degree; with superiority or distinction above others; as pre-eminently wise or good.

2. In a bad sense; as pre-eminently guilty.

Pre-Emption

PRE-EMP'TION, noun [Latin proe, before, and emptio, a buying; emo, to buy.] The act of purchasing before others.

2. The right of purchasing before others. Prior discovery of unoccupied land gives the discoverer the prior right of occupancy. Prior discovery of land inhabited by savages is held to give the discoverer the pre-emption, or right of purchase before others.

3. Formerly, in England, the privilege or prerogative enjoyed by the king, of buying provisions for his household in preference to others, abolished by statute 19. Charles II.

Preen

PREEN, noun [Scot. prein, prin, a pen; Danish preen, the point of a graving tool, a bodkin; Dutch priem, a pin, a spike; German pfrieme, a punch. These are probably the same word, a little varied.]

A forked instrument used by clothiers in dressing cloth.

Preen

PREEN, verb transitive [Scot. proyne, prunyie; Chaucer, proine. This word is probably the same as the foregoing, denoting the use of the beak in cleaning and composing the fethers. So pikith, in Chaucer, is from pike, pick.

He kembith him; he proinith him and pikith.

Cant. Tales, 9885.

If not, the word may be contracted from the French provigner, to propagate vines by laying cuttings in the ground.]

To clean, compose and dress the fethers, as fowls, to enable them to glide more easily through the air or water. For this purpose they are furnished with two glands on their rump, which secrete an oily substance into a bag, from which they draw it with the bill and spread it over their fethers.

Bailey. Encyc.

Pre-Engage

PRE-ENGA'GE, verb transitive [pre and engage.] To engage by previous contract.

To Cipseus by his friends his suit he mov'd,

But he was pre-engag'd by former ties.

Dryden.

2. To engage or attach by previous influence.

The world has the unhappy advantage of pre-engaging our passions.

Rogers.

3. To engage beforehand.

Pre-Engaged

PRE-ENGA'GED, participle passive Previously engaged by contract or influence.

Pre-Engagement

PRE-ENGA'GEMENT, noun Prior engagement; as by stipulation or promise. A would accept my invitation, but for his pre-engagement to B.

2. Any previous attachment binding the will or affections.

My pre-engagements to other themes were not unknown to those for whom I was to write.

Boyle.

Pre-Engaging

PRE-ENGA'GING, participle of the present tense Previously engaging.

Preening

PREE'NING, participle of the present tense Cleaning and composing the fethers, as fowls.

Pre-Establish

PRE-ESTAB'LISH, verb transitive [pre and establish.] To establish or settle beforehand.

Coventry.

Pre-Established

PRE-ESTAB'LISHED, participle passive Previously established.

Pre-Establishing

PRE-ESTAB'LISHING, participle of the present tense Settling or ordaining beforehand.

Pre-Establishment

PRE-ESTAB'LISHMENT, noun Settlement beforehand.

Pre-Examination

PRE-EXAMINA'TION, noun Previous examination.

Pre-Examine

PRE-EXAM'INE, verb transitive To examine beforehand.

Pre-Exist

PRE-EXIST', verb intransitive [pre and exist.] To exist beforehand or before something else. It has been believed by many philosophers that the souls of men pre-exist, that is, exist before the formation of the body.

Pre-Existence

PRE-EXIST'ENCE, noun Existence previous to something else.

Wisdom declares her antiquity and pre-existence to all the works of this earth.

Burnet.

2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body, or before the body is formed; a tenet of eastern sages.

Addison.

Pre-Existent

PRE-EXIST'ENT, adjective Existing beforehand; preceding in existence.

What mortal knows his pre-existent state?

Pope.

Pre-Existimation

PRE-EXISTIMA'TION, noun Previous esteem. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Pre-Existing

PRE-EXIST'ING, participle of the present tense Previously existing.

Pre-Expectation

PRE-EXPECTA'TION, noun Previous expectation. [Qu. is not this tautology?]

Gerard.

Preface

PREF'ACE, noun [French from Latin proefatio; proe, before, and for, fari, fatus, to speak.]

Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader of the main design, or in general, of whatever is necessary to the understanding of the discourse, book or essay; a proem; an introduction or series of preliminary remarks.

Milton.

Preface

PREF'ACE, verb transitive To introduce by preliminary remarks; as, to preface a book or discourse. The advocate prefaced his argument with a history of the case.

2. To face; to cover; a ludicrous sense.

Not prefacing old rags with plush.

Cleaveland.

Preface

PREF'ACE, verb intransitive To say something introductory.

Spectator.

Prefaced

PREF'ACED, participle passive Introduced with preliminary observations.

Prefacer

PREF'ACER, noun The writer of a preface.

Dryden.

Prefacing

PREF'ACING, participle of the present tense Introducing with preliminary remarks.

Prefatory

PREF'ATORY, adjective Pertaining to a preface; introductory to a book, essay or discourse.

Dryden.

Prefect

PRE'FECT, noun [Latin proefectus; proe, before, and factus, made; but directly from proeficior, proefectus.]

1. In ancient Rome, a chief magistrate who governed a city or province in the absence of the king, consuls or emperor.

Encyc.

2. A governor, commander, chief magistrate or superintendent.

Hammond. Addison.

Prefectship

PRE'FECTSHIP, or PRE'FECTURE, noun The office of a chief magistrate, commander or viceroy.

2. Jurisdiction of a prefect.

Prefer

PREFER', verb transitive [Latin proefero; proe, before, and fero, to bear or carry; French preferer; Italian preferire; Spanish preferir.]

1. Literally, to bear or carry in advance, in the mind, affections or choice; hence, to regard more than another; to honor or esteem above another.

It is sometimes followed by above, before, or to.

If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Psalm 137.

He that cometh after me, is preferred before me. John 1.

2. To advance, as to an office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; as, to prefer one to a bishopric; to prefer an officer to the rank of general.

3. To offer; to present; to exhibit; usually with solemnity, or to a public body. It is our privilege to enjoy the right of preferring petitions to rulers for redress of wrongs.

My vows and prayers to thee preferred.

Sandys.

Prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the conquest.

Collier.

4. To offer or present ceremoniously, or in ordinary familiar language.

He spake, and to her hand preferr'd the bowl.

Pope.

[This is allowable, at least in poetry, though not usual.]

Preferable

PREF'ERABLE, adjective [French] Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more eligible; more desirable. Virtue is far preferable to vice, even for its pleasures in this life.

2. More excellent; of better quality; as, Madeira wine is preferable to claret.

Preferableness

PREF'ERABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being preferable.

Mountague.

Preferably

PREF'ERABLY, adverb In preference; in such a manner as to prefer one thing to another.

How comes he to choose Plautus preferably to Terence?

Dennis.

Preference

PREF'ERENCE, noun The act of preferring one thing before another; estimation of one thing above another; choice of one thing rather than another.

Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference due to this or that sort of poetry.

Dryden.

It has to, above, before, or over, before the thing postponed. All men give the preference to Homer as an epic poet. The human body has the preference above or before those of brutes.

The knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and preference of one man's knowledge over another's.

Locke.

Preferment

PREFER'MENT, noun [Italian preferimento.] Advancement to a higher office, dignity or station. Change of manners and even of character often follows preferment. A profligate life should be considered a disqualification for preferment, no less than want of ability.

2. Superior place or office. All preferments should be given to competent men.

3. Preference. [Not used.]

Brown.

Preferred

PREFER'RED, participle passive Regarded above others; elevated in station.

Preferrer

PREFER'RER, noun One who prefers.

Preferring

PREFER'RING, participle of the present tense Regarding above others; advancing to a higher station; offering; presenting.

Prefigurate

PREFIG'URATE, verb transitive [See Prefigure.] To show by antecedent representation. [Little used.]

Prefiguration

PREFIGURA'TION, noun Antecedent representation by similitude.

A variety of prophecies and prefigurations had their punctual accomplishment in the author of this institution.

Norris.

Prefigurative

PREFIG'URATIVE, adjective Showing by previous figures, types or similitude. The sacrifice of the paschal lamb was prefigurative of the death of Christ.

Prefigure

PREFIG'URE, verb transitive [Latin proe, before, and figuro, to fashion.]

To exhibit by antecedent representation, or by types and similitude.

In the Old Testament, things are prefigured, which are performed in the New.

Hooker.

Prefigured

PREFIG'URED, participle passive Exhibited by antecedent signs, types or similitude.

Prefiguring

PREFIG'URING, participle of the present tense Showing antecedently by similitude.

Prefine

PREFI'NE, verb transitive [Latin proefinio; proe, before, and finio, to limit; finis, limit.] To limit beforehand. [Little used.]

Knolles.

Prefinition

PREFINI'TION, noun Previous limitation. [Little used.]

Fotherby.

Prefix

PREFIX', verb transitive [Latin proefigo; proe, before, and figo, to fix.]

1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of another thing; as, to prefix a syllable to a word; to prefix an advertisement to a book.

2. To set or appoint beforehand; as, to prefix the hour of meeting.

A time prefix, and think of me at last.

Sandys.

3. To settle; to establish.

I would prefix some certain boundary between the old statutes and the new.

Hale.

Prefix

PRE'FIX, noun A letter, syllable or word put to the beginning of a word, usually to vary its signification. A prefix is united with the word, forming a part of it; hence it is distinguished from a preposition; as pre, in prefix; con, in conjure; with, in withstand. Prefixes are sometimes called particles, or inseparable prepositions.

Prefixed

PREFIX'ED, participle passive Set before; appointed beforehand; settled.

Prefixing

PREFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Putting before; previously appointing; establishing.

Prefixion

PREFIX'ION, noun The act of prefixing.

Preform

PREFORM', verb transitive [pre and form.] To form beforehand.

Shak.

Preformative

PREFORM'ATIVE, noun [Latin proe, before, and formative.]

A formative letter at the beginning of a word.

M. Stuart.

Prefulgency

PREFUL'GENCY, noun [Latin proefulgens; proe, before, and fulgeo, to shine.]

Superior brightness or effulgency.

Barrow.

Pregnable

PREG'NABLE, adjective [French prenable.] That may be taken or won by force; expugnable. [Little used.]

Cotgrave.

Pregnancy

PREG'NANCY, noun [See Pregnant.] The state of a female who has conceived, or is with child.

Ray.

2. Fertility; fruitfulness; inventive power; as the pregnancy of wit or invention.

Prior.

Pregnance, in a like sense, is not used.

Pregnant

PREG'NANT, adjective [Latin proegnans; supposed to be compounded of proe, before, and geno, Greek, to beget; Italian pregnante; Spanish preÃƒ-±ado.]

1. Being with young, as a female; breeding; teeming.

2. Fruitful; fertile; impregnating; as pregnant streams.

Dryden.

3. Full of consequence; as a pregnant instance of infatuation.

An egregious and pregnant instance how far virtue surpasses ingenuity.

Woodward.

4. Easy to admit or receive.

I am pregnant to good pity. [Not proper.]

Shak.

5. Free; kind; ready; witty; apt. [Not proper.]

Shak.

6. Plain; clear; evident; full. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Pregnantly

PREG'NANTLY, adverb Fruitfully.

2. Fully; plainly; clearly. [Not used.]

Shak. South.

Pregravate

PRE'GRAVATE, verb transitive [Latin proegravo.] To bear down; to depress. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Pregravitate

PREGRAV'ITATE, verb intransitive To descend by gravity.

Boyle.

Pregustation

PREGUSTA'TION, noun [Latin proe and gusto, to taste.] The act of tasting before another.

Dict.

Prehensile

PREHEN'SILE, adjective [Latin prehendo, to take or seize; prehensus.]

Seizing; grasping; adapted to seize or grasp. The tails of some monkeys are prehensile.

Nat. Hist. Encyc.

Prehension

PREHEN'SION, noun A taking hold; a seizing; as with the hand or other limb.

Lawrence.

Prehnite

PREHN'ITE, noun [from Prehn, the name of the person who first brought this stone from the Cape of Good Hope.]

A mineral of the silicious kind, of an apple green or greenish gray color. It has been called shorl, emerald, chrysoprase, felspath, chrysolite, and zeolite. It has some resemblance to zeolite, but differs from it in several particulars, and is therefore considered to be a particular species.

Kirwan.

Prehnite is near to stilbite, and is classed by the French with the family of zeolites.

It is massive or crystalized, but the form of its crystals cannot be determined in consequence of their aggregation.

Cleaveland.

Preinstruct

PREINSTRUCT', verb transitive [pre and instruct.] To instruct previously.

More.

Preinstructed

PREINSTRUCT'ED, participle passive Previously instructed or directed.

Preinstructing

PREINSTRUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Previously instructing.

Preintimation

PREINTIMA'TION, noun [pre and intimation.]

Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.

T. Scott.

Prejudge

PREJUDGE, v. t. prejudj'. [French prejuger; Latin proe and judico, to judge.]

1. To judge in a cause before it is heard, or before the arguments and facts in the case are fully known.

The committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling the united sense of both houses of parliament an universal clamor.

Swift.

2. To judge and determine before the cause is heard; hence sometimes, to condemn beforehand or unheard.

Milton.

Prejudged

PREJUDG'ED, participle passive Judged beforehand; determined unheard.

Prejudging

PREJUDG'ING, participle of the present tense Judging or determining without a hearing or before the case is fully understood.

Prejudgment

PREJUDG'MENT, noun Judgment in a case without a hearing or full examination.

Knox.

Prejudicacy

PREJU'DICACY, noun Prejudice; prepossession. [Not used.]

Blount.

Prejudicate

PREJU'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin proe, before, and judico, to judge.]

To prejudge; to determine beforehand to disadvantage.

Our dearest friend

Prejudicates the business.

Shak.

Prejudicate

PREJU'DICATE, verb intransitive To form a judgment without due examination of the facts and arguments in the case.

Sidney.

Prejudicate

PREJU'DICATE, adjective Formed before due examination.

Watts.

2. Prejudiced; biased by opinions formed prematurely; as a prejudicate reader. [Little used.]

Brown.

Prejudicated

PREJU'DICATED, participle passive Prejudged.

Prejudicating

PREJU'DICATING, participle of the present tense Prejudging.

Prejudication

PREJUDICA'TION, noun The act of judging without due examination of facts and evidence.

Sherwood.

2. In Roman oratory, prejudications were of three kinds; first, precedents or adjudged cases, involving the same points of law; second, previous decisions on the same question between other parties; third, decisions of the same cause and between the same parties, before tribunals of inferior jurisdiction.

Adams' Lect.

Prejudicative

PREJU'DICATIVE, adjective Forming an opinion or judgment without examination.

More.

Prejudice

PREJ'UDICE, noun [French from Latin prejudicium; proe and judico.]

1. Prejudgment; an opinion or decision of mind, formed without due examination of the facts or arguments which are necessary to a just and impartial determination. It is used in a good or bad sense. Innumerable are the prejudices of education; we are accustomed to believe what we are taught, and to receive opinions from others without examining the grounds by which they can be supported. A man has strong prejudices in favor of his country or his party, or the church in which he has been educated; and often our prejudices are unreasonable. A judge should disabuse himself of prejudice in favor of either party in a suit.

My comfort is that their manifest prejudice to my cause will render their judgment of less authority.

Dryden.

2. A previous bent or bias of mind for or against any person or thing; prepossession.

There is an unaccountable prejudice to projectors of all kinds.

Addison.

3. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury. Violent factions are a prejudice to the authority of the sovereign.

How plain this abuse is, and what prejudice it does to the understanding of the sacred Scriptures.

Locke.

[This is a sense of the word too well established to be condemned.]

Prejudice

PREJ'UDICE, verb transitive To prepossess with unexamined opinions, or opinions formed without due knowledge of the facts and circumstances attending the question; to bias the mind by hasty and incorrect notions, and give it an unreasonable bent to one side or other of a cause.

Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to despise all other learning.

Watts.

2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or an undue previous bias of the mind; or to hurt; to damage; to diminish; to impair; in a very general sense. The advocate who attempts to prove too much, may prejudice his cause.

I am not to prejudice the cause of my fellow poets, though I abandon my own defense.

Dryden.

Prejudiced

PREJ'UDICED, participle passive or adjective Prepossessed by unexamined opinions; biased.

Prejudicial

PREJUDI'CIAL, adjective Biased or blinded by prejudices; as a prejudicial eye. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

2. Hurtful; mischievous; injurious; disadvantageous; detrimental; tending to obstruct or impair. A high rate of interest is prejudicial to trade and manufactures. Intemperance is prejudicial to health.

His going away the next morning with all his troops, was most prejudicial to the king's affairs.

Clarendon.

One of the young ladies reads while the others are at work; so that the learning of the family is not at all prejudicial to its manufactures.

Addison.

Prejudicialness

PREJUDI'CIALNESS, noun The state of being prejudicial; injuriousness.

Prelacy

PRE'LACY, noun [from prelate.] The office or dignity of a prelate.

Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices.

Ayliffe.

2. Episcopacy; the order of bishops.

How many are there that call themselves protestants, who put prelacy and popery together as terms convertible?

Swift.

3. Bishops, collectively.

Divers of the reverend prelacy.

Hooker.

Prelate

PRE'LATE, noun [French prelat; Italian prelato; from Latin proelatus, proefero.]

An ecclesiastic of the higher order, as an archbishop, bishop or patriarch; a dignitary of the church.

Bacon.

Prelateship

PRE'LATESHIP, noun The office of a prelate.

Harmar.

Prelatic

PRELAT'IC, or PRELAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to prelates or prelacy; as prelatical authority.

Prelatically

PRELAT'ICALLY, adverb With reference to prelates.

Morton.

Prelation

PRELA'TION, noun [Latin proelatio, proefero.] Preference; the setting of one above another. [Little used.]

Hale.

Prelatism

PRE'LATISM, noun Prelacy; episcopacy.

Milton.

Prelatist

PRE'LATIST, noun [from prelate.] An advocate for prelacy or the government of the church by bishops; a high churchman.

I am an episcopalian, but not a prelatist.

T. Scott.

Prelature

PRE'LATURE, or PRE'LATURESHIP, noun [French prelature.] The state or dignity of a prelate.

Dict.

Prelaty

PRE'LATY, noun Episcopacy; prelacy. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Prelect

PRELECT', verb transitive [Latin proelectus, proelego; proe, before, and lego, to read.]

To read a lecture or public discourse.

Horsley.

Prelection

PRELEC'TION, noun [Latin proelectio.] A lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company.

Hale.

Prelector

PRELEC'TOR, noun A reader of discourses; a lecturer.

Sheldon.

Prelibation

PRELIBA'TION, noun [from Latin proelibo; proe, before, and libo, to taste.]

1. Foretaste; a tasting beforehand or by anticipation.

The joy that proceeds from a belief of pardon is a prelibation of heavenly bliss.

2. An effusion previous to tasting. Qu.

Johnson.

Preliminary

PRELIM'INARY, adjective [French preliminaire; Italian preliminare; Spanish preliminar; Latin proe, before, and limen, threshhold or limit.]

Introductory; previous; proemial; that precedes the main discourse or business; as preliminary observations to a discourse or book; preliminary articles to a treaty; preliminary measures.

Preliminary

PRELIM'INARY, noun That which precedes the main discourse, work, design or business; something previous or preparatory; as the preliminaries to a negotiation or treaty; the preliminaries to a combat. The parties met to settle the preliminaries.

Prelude

PRE'LUDE, noun [French id.; Italian Spanish preludio; Low Latin proeludium, from proeludo; proe, before, and ludo, to play.]

1. A short flight of music, or irregular air played by a musician before he begins the piece to be played, or before a full concert.

Encyc. Young.

2. Something introductory or that shows what is to follow; something preceding which bears some relation or resemblance to that which is to follow.

The last Georgic was a good prelude to the AEneis.

Addison.

3. A forerunner; something which indicates a future event.

Prelude

PRELU'DE, verb transitive To introduce with a previous performance; to play before; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.

2. To precede, as an introductory piece; as, a lively air preludes the concert.

Prelude

PRELU'DE, verb intransitive To serve as an introduction to.

Dryden.

Preluded

PRELU'DED, participle passive Preceded by an introductory performance; preceded.

Preluder

PRE'LUDER, noun One that plays a prelude, or introduces by a previous irregular piece of music.

Preluding

PRELU'DING, participle of the present tense Playing an introductory air; preceding.

Preludious

PRELU'DIOUS, adjective Previous; introductory.

Cleaveland.

Preludium

PRELU'DIUM, noun [Low Latin] A prelude.

Dryden.

Prelusive

PRELU'SIVE, adjective Previous; introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow; as prelusive drops.

Thomson.

Prelusory

PRELU'SORY, adjective Previous; introductory; prelusive.

Bacon.

Premature

PREMATU'RE, adjective [French prÃƒ-©maturÃƒ-©, from Latin proematurus; proe, before, and maturus, ripe.]

1. Ripe before the natural or proper time; as the premature fruits of a hot bed.

2. Happening, arriving, performed or adopted before the proper time; as a premature fall of snow in autumn; a premature birth; a premature opinion; a premature measure.

3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as premature report, news or intelligence.

Prematurely

PREMATU'RELY, adverb Too soon; too early; before the proper time; as fruits prematurely ripened; opinions prematurely formed; measures prematurely taken.

2. Without due evidence or authentication; as intelligence prematurely received.

Prematureness

PREMATU'RENESS, or PREMATU'RITY, noun Ripeness before the natural or proper time.

2. Too great haste; unseasonable earliness.

Warton.

Premeditate

PREMED'ITATE, verb transitive [French premediter; Italian premeditare; Latin proemeditor; proe, before, and meditor, to meditate.]

To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to premeditate theft or robbery.

With words premeditated thus he said.

Dryden.

Premeditate

PREMED'ITATE, verb intransitive To think, consider or revolve in the mind beforehand; to deliberate; to have formed in the mind by previous thought or meditation.

Hooker.

Premeditate

PREMED'ITATE, adjective Contrived by previous meditation.

Burnet.

Premeditated

PREMED'ITATED, participle passive Previously considered or meditated.

2. Previously contrived, designed or intended; deliberate; willful; as premeditated murder.

Premeditately

PREMED'ITATELY, adverb With previous meditation.

Feltham.

Premeditating

PREMED'ITATING, participle of the present tense Previously meditating; contriving or intending beforehand.

Premeditation

PREMEDITA'TION, noun [Latin proemeditatio.]

1. The act of meditating beforehand; previous deliberation.

A sudden thought may be higher than nature can raise without premeditation.

Dryden.

2. Previous contrivance or design formed; as the premeditation of a crime.

Premerit

PREMER'IT, verb transitive [pre and merit.] To merit or deserve beforehand. [Little used.]

K. Charles.

Premices

PREM'ICES, noun [French from Latin primilioe, primus.] First fruits. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Premier

PRE'MIER, adjective [French from Latin primus, first.]

First; chief; principal; as the premier place; premier minister.

Camden. Swift.

Premier

PRE'MIER, noun The first minister of state; the prime minister.

Premiership

PRE'MIERSHIP, noun The office or dignity of the first minister of state.

Premise

PREMI'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin proemissus, proemitto, to send before.]

1. To speak or write before, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows.

I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task.

Addison.

2. To send before the time. [Not in use.]

Shak.

3. To lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.

Burnet.

4. To use or apply previously.

If venesection and a cathartic be premised.

Darwin.

Premise

PREMI'SE, verb intransitive To state antecedent propositions.

Swift.

Premise

PREM'ISE, n. prem'is. A first or antecedent proposition. Hence,

Premises

PREM'ISES, noun [French premisses; Latin proemissa.]

1. In logic, the two first propositions of a syllogism, from which the inference or conclusion is drawn; as,

All sinners deserve punishment;

A B is a sinner.

These propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.

2. Propositions antecedently supposed or proved.

While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the conclusion.

Decay of Piety.

3. In law, land or other things mentioned in the preceding part of a deed.

Premiss

PREM'ISS, noun Antecedent proposition. [Rarely used.]

Watts.

Premium

PRE'MIUM, noun [Latin] Properly, a reward or recompense; a prize to be won by competition; the reward or prize to be adjudged to the best performance or production.

2. The recompense or prize offered for a specific discovery or for success in an enterprise; as for the discovery of the longitude, or of a northwest passage to the Pacific Ocean.

3. A bounty; something offered or given for the loan of money, usually a sum beyond the interest.

4. The recompense to underwriters for insurance, or for undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.

5. It is sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally in obtaining loans, it is a sum per cent. distinct from the interest. The bank lends money to government at a premium of 2 per cent.

6. A bounty.

The law that obliges parishes to support the poor, offers a premium for the encouragement of idleness.

Franklin.

Premonish

PREMON'ISH, verb transitive [Latin proemoneo; proe and moneo, to warn.] To forewarn; to admonish beforehand.

Premonished

PREMON'ISHED, participle passive Forewarned.

Premonishing

PREMON'ISHING, participle of the present tense Admonishing beforehand.

Premonishment

PREMON'ISHMENT, noun Previous warning or admonition; previous information.

Premonition

PREMONI'TION, noun Previous warning, notice or information. Christ gave to his disciples premonitions of their sufferings.

Premonitory

PREMON'ITORY, adjective Giving previous warning or notice.

Premonstrants

PREMON'STRANTS, noun [Latin proemonstrans.]

A religious order of regular canons or monks of Premontre, in the isle of France; instituted by Norbert, in 1120. They are called also white canons. These monks were poor at first, but within 30 years they had more than 100 abbeys in France and Germany, and in time they were established in all parts of christendom.

Encyc.

Premonstrate

PREMON'STRATE, verb transitive [Latin proemonstro; proe, before, and monstro, to show.] To show beforehand. [Little used.]

Herbert.

Premonstration

PREMONSTRA'TION, noun A showing beforehand. [Little used.]

Shelford.

Premorse

PREMORSE, a. premors'. [Latin proemordeo, proemorsus; proe and mordeo, to gnaw.] Bitten off.

Premorse roots, in botany, are such as are not tapering, but blunt at the end, as if bitten off short.

Premorse leaves, are such as end very obtusely with unequal notches.

Martyn.

Premotion

PREMO'TION, noun [pre and motion.] Previous motion or excitement to action.

Encyc.

Premunire

PREMUNI'RE, noun [See Proemunire. If really anglicized, premunire is the regular orthography. But this is not yet settled.]

1. In law, the offense of introducing foreign authority into England, and the writ which is grounded on the offense.

2. The penalty incurred by the offense above described.

Woolsey incurred a premunire, and forfeited his honor, estate and life.

South.

Premunition

PREMUNI'TION, noun [Latin proemunitio, from proemunio.] An anticipation of objections.

Dict.

Prenomen

PRENO'MEN, noun [Latin proenomen.] Among the Romans, a name prefixed to the family name, answering to our christian name; as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, &c.

Prenominate

PRENOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin proe and nomino, to name.] To forename.

Prenominate

PRENOM'INATE, adjective Forenamed.

Shak.

Prenomination

PRENOMINA'TION, noun The privilege of being named first.

Brown.

Prenotion

PRENO'TION, noun [Latin proenotio; proe and nosco, to know.]

A notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion or thought; foreknowledge.

Bacon. Brown.

Prensation

PRENSA'TION, noun [Latin prensatio, from prenso, to seize.]

The act of seizing with violence. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Prentice

PRENTICE, a colloquial contraction of apprentice, which see.

Prenticeship

PRENTICESHIP, a contraction of apprenticeship, which see.

Pope.

Prenunciation

PRENUNCIA'TION, noun [Latin proenuncio; proe and nuncio, to tell.] The act of telling before. [Not used.]

Dict.

Preobtain

PREOBTA'IN, verb transitive To obtain beforehand.

Preobtained

PREOBTA'INED, participle passive Previously obtained

Preoccupancy

PREOC'CUPANCY, noun [Latin proeoccupans.]

1. The act of taking possession before another. The property of unoccupied land is vested by preoccupancy.

2. The right of taking possession before others. The first discoverer of unoccupied land has the preoccupancy of it, by the law of nature and nations.

Preoccupate

PREOC'CUPATE, verb transitive [Latin proeoccupo; proe and occupo, to seize.]

1. To anticipate; to take before.

Bacon.

2. To prepossess; to fill with prejudices.

Wotton.

[Instead of this, preoccupy is used.]

Preoccupation

PREOCCUPA'TION, noun A taking possession before another; prior occupation.

2. Anticipation.

3. Prepossession.

Barrington.

4. Anticipation of objections.

South.

Preoccupy

PREOC'CUPY, verb transitive [Latin proeoccupo; proe, before, and occupo, to seize.]

1. To take possession before another; as, to preoccupy a country or land not before occupied.

2. To prepossess; to occupy by anticipation or prejudices.

I think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to reflections, than to preoccupy his judgment.

Arbuthnot.

Preominate

PREOM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin proe and ominor, to prognosticate.]

To prognosticate; to gather from omens any future event.

Brown.

Preopinion

PREOPIN'ION, noun [pre and opinion.] Opinion previously formed; prepossession.

Brown.

Preoption

PREOP'TION, noun [pre and option.] The right of first choice.

Stackhouse.

Preordain

PREORDA'IN, verb transitive [pre and ordain. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to predetermine. All things are supposed to be preordained by God.

Preordained

PREORDA'INED, participle passive Antecedently ordained or determined.

Preordaining

PREORDA'INING, participle of the present tense Ordaining beforehand.

Preordinance

PREOR'DINANCE, noun [pre and ordinance.] Antecedent decree or determination.

Shak.

Preordinate

PREOR'DINATE, adjective Foreordained. [Little used.]

Preordination

PREORDINA'TION, noun The act of foreordaining; previous determination.

Fotherby.

Preparable

PREPA'RABLE, adjective [See Prepare.] That may be prepared.

Boyle.

Preparation

PREPARA'TION, noun [Latin proeparatio. See Prepare.]

1. The act or operation of preparing or fitting for a particular purpose, use, service or condition; as the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign; the preparation of a nation for war; the preparation of men for future happiness. Preparation is intended to prevent evil or secure good.

2. Previous measures of adaptation.

I will show what preparations there were in nature for this dissolution.

Burnet.

3. Ceremonious introduction. [Unusual.]

Shak.

4. That which is prepared, made or compounded for a particular purpose.

I wish the chimists had been more sparing, who magnify their preparations.

Brown.

5. The state of being prepared or in readiness; as a nation in good preparation for attack or defense.

6. Accomplishment; qualification. [Not in use.]

Shak.

7. In pharmacy, any medicinal substance fitted for the use of the patient.

Encyc.

8. In anatomy, the parts of animal bodies prepared and preserved for anatomical uses.

Encyc.

Preparation of dissonances, in music, is their disposition in harmony in such a manner that by something congenial in what precedes, they may be rendered less harsh to the ear than they would be without such preparation.

Encyc.

Preparation of medicines, the process of fitting any substance for use in the art of healing.

Preparative

PREPAR'ATIVE, adjective [Italian preparativo; French preparatif.]

Tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying or fitting for any thing; preparatory.

He spent much time in quest of knowledge preparative to this work.

South.

Preparative

PREPAR'ATIVE, noun That which has the power of preparing or previously fitting for a purpose; that which prepares.

Resolvedness in sin can with no reason be imagined a preparative to remission.

Decay of Piety.

2. That which is done to prevent an evil or secure some good.

The miseries we suffer may be preparative of future blessings.

K. Charles.

3. Preparation; as, to make the necessary preparatives for a voyage.

Dryden.

Preparatively

PREPAR'ATIVELY, adverb By way of preparation.

Hale.

Preparatory

PREPAR'ATORY, adjective [Italian Spanish preparatorio; French preparatoire.]

1. Previously necessary; useful or qualifying; preparing the way for any thing by previous measures of adaptation. The practice of virtue and piety is preparatory to the happiness of heaven.

2. Introductory; previous; antecedent and adapted to what follows.

Hale.

Prepare

PREPA'RE, verb transitive [French preparer; Italian preparare; Spanish Portugese preparar; from Latin proeparo; proe and paro; Russian ubirayu; Welsh parodi. The Latin paro is probably the Shemitic, to create or bring forth, coinciding with English bear; and from the Latin are derived French parer, Spanish Portugese parar, Italian parare. The sense of prepare is derived from many kinds of actions. See in the introduction.]

1. In a general sense, to fit, adapt or qualify for a particular purpose, end, use, service or state, by any means whatever. We prepare ground for seed by tillage; we prepare cloth for use by dressing; we prepare medicines by pulverization, mixture, &c.; we prepare young men for college by previous instruction; men are prepared for professions by suitable study; holiness of heart is necessary to prepare men for the enjoyment of happiness with holy beings.

2. To make ready; as, to prepare the table for entertaining company.

3. To provide; to procure as suitable; as, to prepare arms, ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for defense.

Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him. 2 Samuel 15.

4. To set; to establish.

The Lord hath prepared his throne in the heavens. Psalm 103.

5. To appoint.

It shall be given to them for whom it is prepared. Matthew 20.

6. To guide, direct or establish. 1 Chronicles 29.

Prepare

PREPA'RE, verb intransitive To make all things ready; to put things in suitable order; as, prepare for dinner.

Shak.

2. To take the necessary previous measures.

Dido preparing to kill herself.

Peacham.

3. To make one's self ready.

Prepare to meet thy God, O Israel. Amos 4.

Prepare

PREPA'RE, noun Preparation. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Prepared

PREPA'RED, participle passive Fitted; adapted; made suitable; made ready; provided.

Preparedly

PREPA'REDLY, adverb With suitable previous measures.

Shak.

Preparedness

PREPA'REDNESS, noun The state of being prepared or in readiness.

South.

Preparer

PREPA'RER, noun One that prepares, fits or makes ready.

2. One that provides.

3. That which fits or makes suitable; as, certain manures are preparers of land for particular crops.

Mortimer.

Preparing

PREPA'RING, participle of the present tense Fitting; adapting; making ready; providing.

Prepense

PREPENSE, a. prepens'. [Latin proepensus, proependeo; proe and pendeo, to incline or hang down.] Preconceived; premeditated; aforethought.

Malice prepense is necessary to constitute murder.

Blackstone.

Prepense

PREPENSE, v. t. prepens'. [supra.] To weigh or consider beforehand. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Prepense

PREPENSE, v. i. prepens'. To deliberate beforehand. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Prepensed

PREPENS'ED, participle passive or adjective Previously conceived; premeditated. [Little used.] [See Prepense.]

Prepollence

PREPOL'LENCE, or PREPOL'LENCY, noun [Latin proepollens, proepolleo; proe and polleo.] Prevalence; superiority of power.

Coventry.

Prepollent

PREPOL'LENT, adjective Having superior gravity or power; prevailing.

Boyle.

Preponder

PREPOND'ER, verb transitive [See Preponderate.] To outweigh. [Not used.]

Wolton.

Preponderance

PREPOND'ERANCE, or PREPOND'ERANCY, noun [See Preponderate.]

1. An outweighing; superiority of weight. The least preponderance of weight on one side of a ship or boat will make it incline or heel.

2. Superiority of power, force or weight; in a figurative sense; as a preponderance of evidence.

Locke.

Preponderant

PREPOND'ERANT, adjective Outweighing.

Reid.

Preponderate

PREPOND'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin proepondero; proe, before, and pondero, to weigh.]

1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight.

An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes.

Glanville.

2. To overpower by stronger influence or moral power.

Preponderate

PREPOND'ERATE, verb intransitive To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance.

That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not preponderate.

Wilkins.

2. To exceed in influence or power; hence, to incline to one side.

By putting every argument on one side and the other, into the balance, we must form a judgment which side preponderates.

Watts.

Preponderating

PREPOND'ERATING, participle of the present tense Outweighing; inclining to one side.

Preponderation

PREPONDERA'TION, noun The act or state of outweighing any thing, or of inclining to one side.

Watts.

Prepose

PREPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French preposer; pre and poser, to put.] To put before. [Not much used.]

Focaloir.

Preposition

PREPOSI'TION, n. s as z. [French from Latin proepositio; proepono, proepositus; proe and pono, to put.]

In grammar, a word usually put before another to express some relation or quality, action or motion to or from the thing specified; as medicines salutary to health; music agreeable to the ear; virtue is valued for its excellence; a man is riding to Oxford from London. Prepositions govern cases of nouns, and in English are sometimes placed after the word governed; as, which person do you speak to? for, to which person do you speak? This separation of the preposition from the governed word is sometimes allowable in colloquial use, but is generally inelegant.

Prepositional

PREPOSI'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a preposition, or to preceding position.

Encyc.

Prepositive

PREPOS'ITIVE, adjective Put before; as a prepositive particle.

Jones.

Prepositive

PREPOS'ITIVE, noun [supra.] A word or particle put before another word.

Jones.

Prepositor

PREPOS'ITOR, noun [Latin proepositor.] A scholar appointed by the instructor to inspect other scholars.

Todd.

Prepositure

PREPOS'ITURE, noun The office or place of a provost; a provostship.

Prepossess

PREPOSSESS', verb transitive [pre and possess.] To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.

Dryden.

2. To preoccupy the mind or heart so as to preclude other things; hence, to bias or prejudice. A mind prepossessed with opinions favorable to a person or cause, will not readily admit unfavorable opinions to take possession, nor yield to reasons that disturb the possessors. When a lady has prepossessed the heart or affections of a man, he does not readily listen to suggestions that tend to remove the prepossession. Prepossess is more frequently used in a good sense than prejudice.

Prepossessed

PREPOSSESS'ED, participle passive Preoccupied; inclined previously to favor or disfavor.

Prepossessing

PREPOSSESS'ING, participle of the present tense Taking previous possession.

2. adjective Tending to invite favor; having power to secure the possession of favor, esteem or love. The countenance, address and manners of a person are sometimes prepossessing on a first acquaintance.

Prepossession

PREPOSSES'SION, noun Preoccupation; prior possession.

Hammond.

2. Preconceived opinion; the effect of previous impressions on the mind or heart, in favor or against any person or thing. It is often used in a good sense; sometimes it is equivalent to prejudice, and sometimes a softer name for it. In general, it conveys an idea less odious than prejudice; as the prepossessions of education.

South.

Preposterous

PREPOS'TEROUS, adjective [Latin proeposterus; proe, before, and posterus, latter.]

1. Literally, having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order.

The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order of nature.

Woodward.

2. Perverted; wrong; absurd; contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; as, a republican government in the hands of females, is preposterous. To draw general conclusions from particular facts, is preposterous reasoning.

Bacon. Woodward.

3. Foolish; absurd; applied to persons.

Shak.

Preposterously

PREPOS'TEROUSLY, adverb In a wrong or inverted order; absurdly; foolishly.

Shak. Bentley.

Preposterousness

PREPOS'TEROUSNESS, noun Wrong order or method; absurdity; inconsistency with nature or reason.

Feltham.

Prepotency

PREPO'TENCY, noun [Latin proepotentia; proe and potentia, power.] Superior power; predominance. [Little used.]

Brown.

Prepotent

PREPO'TENT, adjective [Latin proepotens.] Very powerful. [Little used.]

Plaifere.

Prepuce

PRE'PUCE, noun [French from Latin proeputium.]

The foreskin; a prolongation of the cutis of the penis, covering the glans.

Encyc.

Preremote

PREREMO'TE, adjective [pre and remote.] More remote in previous time or prior order.

In some cases, two more links of causation may be introduced; one of them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote effect.

Darwin.

Prerequire

PREREQUI'RE, verb transitive [pre and require.] To require previously.

Hammond.

Prerequisite

PREREQ'UISITE, a. s as z. [pre and requisite.]

Previously required or necessary to something subsequent; as, certain attainments are prerequisite to an admission to orders.

Prerequisite

PREREQ'UISITE, noun Something that is previously required or necessary to the end proposed. An acquaintance with Latin and Greek is a prerequisite to the admission of a young man into a college.

Preresolve

PRERESOLVE, v. t. s as z. [pre and resolve.] To resolve previously.

Dering.

Preresolved

PRERESOLV'ED, participle passive Resolved beforehand; previously determined.

Preresolving

PRERESOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Resolving beforehand.

Prerogative

PREROG'ATIVE, noun [French id.; Italian prerogativo; Spanish prerogativa; Latin proerogativa, precedence in voting; proe, before, and rogo, to ask or demand.]

An exclusive or peculiar privilege. A royal prerogative, is that special pre-eminence which a king has over all other persons, and out of the course of the common law, in right of his regal dignity. It consists in the possession of certain rights which the king may exercise to the exclusion of all participation of his subjects; for when a right or privilege is held in common with the subject, it ceases to be a prerogative. Thus the right of appointing embassadors, and of making peace and war, are, in Great Britain, royal prerogatives. The right of governing created beings is the prerogative of the Creator.

It is the prerogative of the house of peers in Great Britain to decide legal questions in the last resort. It is the prerogative of the house of commons to determine the validity of all elections of their own members. It is the prerogative of a father to govern his children. It is the prerogative of the understanding to judge and compare.

In the United States, it is the prerogative of the president, with the advice of the senate, to ratify treaties.

Prerogative-Court

PREROG'ATIVE-COURT, noun In Great Britain, a court for the trial of all testamentary causes, where the deceased has left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two different dioceses. In this case, the probate of the will belongs to the metropolitan or archbishop of the province, and the court where such will is proved is called the prerogative-court, as it is held by virtue of the special prerogative of the metropolitan, who appoints the judge.

Blackstone.

Prerogatived

PREROG'ATIVED, adjective Having prerogative. [Little used.]

Shak.

Prerogative-Office

PREROG'ATIVE-OFFICE, noun The office in which the wills proved in the prerogative court, are registered.

Blackstone.

Presage

PRE'SAGE, noun [French; Spanish Italian presagio; from Latin proesagium; proe, before, and sagio, to perceive or foretell.]

Something which foreshows a future event; a prognostic; a present fact indicating something to come.

Joy and shout, presage of victory.

Milton.

Presage

PRESA'GE, verb transitive To forebode; to foreshow; to indicate by some present fact what is to follow or come to pass. A fog rising from a river in an autumnal morning presages a pleasant day. A physical phenomenon cannot be considered as presaging an event, unless it has some connection with it in cause. Hence the error of vulgar superstition, which presages good or evil from facts which can have no relation to the future event.

2. To foretell; to predict; to prophesy.

Wish'd freedom I presage you soon will find.

Dryden.

Presage

PRESA'GE, verb intransitive To form or utter a prediction; with of. We may presage of heats and rains. [Not common nor elegant.]

Dryden.

Presaged

PRESA'GED, participle passive Foreboded; foreshown; foretold.

Presageful

PRESA'GEFUL, adjective Full of presages; containing presages.

Thomson.

Presagement

PRESA'GEMENT, noun A foreboding; foretoken.

Wotton.

2. A foretelling; prediction.

Presager

PRESA'GER, noun A foreteller; a foreshower.

Shak.

Presaging

PRESA'GING, participle of the present tense Foreshowing; foretelling.

Presbyter

PRES'BYTER, noun [Greek, from, old, elder.]

1. In the primitive christian church, an elder; a person somewhat advanced in age, who had authority in the church, and whose duty was to feed the flock over which the Holy Spirit had made him overseer.

2. A priest; a person who has the pastoral charge of a particular church and congregation; called in the Saxon laws, masspriest.

Hooker.

3. A presbyterian.

Butter.

Presbyterial

PRESBYTE'RIAL, or PRESBYTE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters.

2. Consisting of presbyters; as presbyterian government. The government of the church of Scotland is presbyterian.

Presbyterian

PRESBYTE'RIAN, noun One that maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters.

2. One that belongs to a church governed by presbyters.

Presbyterianism

PRESBYTE'RIANISM, noun The doctrines, principles and discipline or government of presbyterians.

Addison.

Presbytery

PRES'BYTERY, noun A body of elders in the christian church.

Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery. 1 Timothy 4.

2. In ecclesiastical government, a judicatory consisting of all the pastors of churches within a certain district, and one ruling elder, a layman, from each parish, commissioned to represent the parish in conjunction with the minister. This body receives appeals from the kirk-session, and appeals from the presbytery may be carried to the provincial synod.

Encyc. Scotland.

The presbytery of the churches in the United States is composed in a manner nearly similar.

3. The presbyterian religion.

Tatler.

Prescience

PRESCIENCE, n. presi'ence or pre'shens. [Low Latin proescientia; proe, before, and scientia, knowledge; French prescience; Italian prescienza. The common pronunciation of this word, pre'shens, obscures the sense.]

Foreknowledge; knowledge of events before they take place. Absolute prescience belongs to God only.

Of things of the most accidental and mutable nature, God's prescience is certain.

South.

Prescient

PRESCIENT, a. presi'ent or pre'shent. Foreknowing; having knowledge of events before they take place.

Who taught the nations of the field and wood,

Prescient, the tides or tempests to withstand?

Pope.

Prescind

PRESCIND', verb transitive [Latin proescindo; proe and scindo, to cut.]

To cut off; to abstract. [Little used.]

Norris.

Prescindent

PRESCIND'ENT, adjective Cutting off; abstracting.

Cheyne.

Prescious

PRE'SCIOUS, adjective [Latin proescius; proe and scio, to know.]

Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as prescious of ills.

Dryden.

Prescribe

PRESCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin proescribo, to write before.]

1. In medicine, to direct, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased patient. Be not offended with the physician who prescribes harsh remedies.

2. To set or lay down authoritatively for direction; to give as a rule of conduct; as, to prescribe laws or rules.

There's joy, when to wild will you laws prescribe.

Dryden.

3. To direct.

Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run.

Dryden.

Prescribe

PRESCRI'BE, verb intransitive To write or give medical directions; to direct what remedies are to be used; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.

2. To give law; to influence arbitrarily.

A forwardness to prescribe to the opinions of others.

Locke.

3. In law, to claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and enjoyment; with for. A man may be allowed to prescribe for a right of way, a common or the like; a man cannot prescribe for a castle; he can prescribe only for incorporeal hereditaments.

Blackstone.

4. To influence by long use. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Prescribed

PRESCRI'BED, participle passive Directed; ordered.

Prescriber

PRESCRI'BER, noun One that prescribes.

Prescribing

PRESCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Directing; giving as a rule of conduct or treatment.

Prescript

PRE'SCRIPT, adjective [Latin proescriptus.] Directed; prescribed.

Hooker.

Prescript

PRE'SCRIPT, noun [Latin proescriptum.] A direction; a medical order for the use of medicines. [But prescription is chiefly used.]

2. Direction; precept; model prescribed.

Prescriptible

PRESCRIP'TIBLE, adjective That may be prescribed for.

Prescription

PRESCRIP'TION, noun [Latin proescriptio. See Prescribe.]

1. The act of prescribing or directing by rules; or that which is prescribed; particularly, a medical direction of remedies for a disease and the manner of using them; a recipe.

2. In law, a prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment; or the right to a thing derived from such use. Prescription differs from custom, which is a local usage. Prescription is a personal usage, usage annexed to the person. Nothing but incorporeal hereditaments can be claimed by prescription.

Blackstone.

The use and enjoyment of navigation and fishery in the sea, for any length of time, does not create a title by prescription. The common right of nations to the use and enjoyment of the sea is imprescriptible; it cannot be lost by a particular nation for want of use.

Vattel.

3. In Scots law, the title to lands acquired by uninterrupted possession for the time which the law declares to be sufficient, or 40 years. This is positive prescription. Negative prescription is the loss or omission of a right by neglecting to use it during the time limited by law. This term is also used for limitation, in the recovery of money due by bond, &c. Obligations are lost by prescription, or neglect of prosecution for the time designated by law.

Encyc.

Prescriptive

PRESCRIP'TIVE, adjective Consisting in or acquired by immemorial use and enjoyment; as a prescriptive right or title.

The right to be drowsy in protracted toil, has become prescriptive.

J. M. Mason.

2. Pleading the continuance and authority of custom.

Hurd.

Preseance

PRES'EANCE, noun [French] Priority of place in sitting. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Presence

PRES'ENCE, n. s as z. [French from Latin proesentia; proe, before, and esse, to be.]

The existence of a person or thing in a certain place; opposed to absence. This event happened during the king's presence at the theater. In examining the patient, the presence of fever was not observed. The presence of God is not limited to any place.

2. A being in company near or before the face of another. We were gratified with the presence of a person so much respected.

3. Approach face to face or nearness of a great personage.

Men that very presence fear,

Which once they knew authority did bear.

Daniel.

4. State of being in view; sight. An accident happened in the presence of the court.

5. By way of distinction, state of being in view of a superior.

I know not by what pow'r I am made bold,

In such a presence here to plead my thoughts.

Shak.

6. A number assembled before a great person.

Odmar, of all this presence does contain,

Give her your wreath whom you esteem most fair.

Dryden.

7. Port; mien; air; personal appearance; demeanor.

Virtue is best in a body that is comely, and that has rather dignity of presence, than beauty of aspect.

Bacon.

A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance.

Collier.

8. The apartment in which a prince shows himself to his court.

An't please your grace, the two great cardinals

Wait in the presence.

Shak.

9. The person of a superior.

Milton.

Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of the mind with its faculties at command; undisturbed state of the thoughts, which enables a person to speak or act without disorder or embarrassment in unexpected difficulties.

Errors, not to be recalled, do find

Their best redress from presence of the mind.

Waller.

Presence-Chamber

PRES'ENCE-CHAMBER, or PRES'ENCE-ROOM, noun The room in which a great personage receives company.

Addison.

Presensation

PRESENSA'TION, noun [pre and sensation.] Previous notion or idea.

More.

Presension

PRESEN'SION, noun [Latin proesensio, proesentio; proe and sentio, to perceive.]

Previous perception. [Little used.]

Brown.

Present

PRES'ENT, a. s as z. [French present; Latin proesens; proe and sum, esse, to be.]

1. Being in a certain place; opposed to absent.

2. Being before the face or near; being in company. Inquire of some of the gentlemen present.

These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. John 14.

3. Being now in view or under consideration. In the present instance, facts will not warrant the conclusion. The present question must be decided on different principles.

4. Now existing, or being at this time; not past or future; as the present session of congress. The court is in session at the present time. We say, a present good, the present year or age.

5. Ready at hand; quick in emergency; as present wit.

'Tis a high point of philosophy and virtue for a man to be present to himself.

L'Estrange.

6. Favorably attentive; not heedless; propitious.

Nor could I hope in any place but there

To find a god so present to my prayer.

Dryden.

7. Not absent of mind; not abstracted; attentive.

The present, an elliptical expression for the present time.

Milton.

At present, elliptically for, at the present time.

Present tense, in grammar, the tense or form of a verb which expresses action or being in the present time, as I am writing; or something that exists at all times, as virtue is always to be preferred to vice; or it expresses habits or general truths, as plants spring from the earth; fishes swim; reptiles creep; birds fly; some animals subsist on herbage, others are carnivorous.

Present

PRES'ENT, noun [French id. See the Verb.] That which is presented or given; a gift; a donative; something given or offered to another gratuitously; a word of general application. Genesis 32.

Presents, in the plural, is used in law for a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney or other writing; as in the phrase, "Know all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, per presentes. In this sense, it is rarely used in the singular.

Present

PRESENT', verb transitive [Low Latin proesento; French presenter; Italian presentare; Spanish presentar; Latin proesens; proe, before, and sum, esse, to be.]

1. To set, place or introduce into the presence or before the face of a superior, as to present an envoy to the king; and with the reciprocal pronoun, to come into the presence of a superior.

Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord. Job 1.

2. To exhibit to view or notice. The top of Mount Holyoke, in Hampshire county, in Massachusetts, presents one of the finest prospects in America.

3. To offer; to exhibit.

O hear what to my mind first thoughts present.

Milton.

He is ever ready to present to us the thoughts or observations of others.

Watts.

4. To give; to offer gratuitously for reception. The first President of the American Bible Society, presented to that institution ten thousand dollars.

5. To put into the hands of another in ceremony.

So ladies in romance assist their knight,

Present the spear, and arm him for the fight.

Pope.

6. To favor with a gift; as, we present a man with a suit of clothes. Formerly the phrase was, to present a person.

Octavia presented the poet, for his admirable elegy on her son Marcellus.

Dryden.

[This use is obsolete.]

7. To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.

The patron of a church may present his clerk to a parsonage or vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted.

Blackstone.

8. To offer.

HeÃ‚--presented battle to the French navy, which was refused.

Hayward.

9. To lay before a public body for consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corporation, &c.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance or indictment.

10. To lay before a court of judicature as an object of inquiry; to give notice officially of a crime or offense. It is the duty of grand juries to present all breaches of law within their knowledge. In America, grand juries present whatever they think to be public injuries, by notifying them to the public with their censure.

11. To point a weapon, particularly some species of fire-arms; as, to present a musket to the breast of another; in manual exercise, to present arms.

12. To indict; a customary use of the word in the United States.

Presentable

PRESENT'ABLE, adjective That may be presented; that may be exhibited or represented.

Burke.

2. That may be offered to a church living; as a presentable clerk.

3. That admits of the presentation of a clerk; as a church presentable. [Unusual.]

Ayliffe.

Presentaneous

PRESENTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin proesentaneus.] Ready; quick; immediate; as presentaneous poison.

Harvey.

Presentation

PRESENTA'TION, noun [French] The act of presenting.

Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires.

Hooker.

2. Exhibition; representation; display; as the presentation of fighting on the stage.

Dryden.

3. In ecclesiastical law, the act of offering a clerk to the bishop or ordinary for institution in a benefice. An advowson is he right of presentation.

If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so admitted is next to be instituted by him.

Blackstone.

4. The right of presenting a clerk. The patron has the presentation of the benefice.

Presentative

PRESENT'ATIVE, adjective In ecclesiastical affairs, that has the right of presentation, or offering a clerk to the bishop for institution. Advowsons are presentative, collative or donative.

An advowson presentative is where the patron hath a right of presentation to the bishop or ordinary.

Blackstone.

2. That admits the presentation of a clerk; as a presentative parsonage.

Spelman.

Presented

PRESENT'ED, participle passive Offered; given; exhibited to view; accused.

Presentee

PRES'ENTEE, noun One presented to a benefice.

Ayliffe.

Presenter

PRESENT'ER, noun One that presents.

Presential

PRESEN'TIAL, adjective Supposing actual presence. [Little used.]

Norris.

Presentiality

PRESENTIAL'ITY, noun The state of being present. [Little used.]

South.

Presentiate

PRESEN'TIATE, verb transitive To make present. [Little used.]

Grew.

Presentific

PRESENTIF'IC, or PRESENTIF'ICAL, adjective Making present. [Not in use.]

Presentificly

PRESENTIF'ICLY, adverb In such a manner as to make present. [Not in use.]

More.

Presentiment

PRESENT'IMENT, noun [pre and sentiment, or French presentiment.]

Previous conception, sentiment or opinion; previous apprehension of something future.

Butler.

Presently

PRES'ENTLY, adv. s as z. At present; at this time.

The towns and forts you presently have. Obs.

Sidney.

2. In a short time after; soon after.

Him therefore I hope to send presently, so soon as I shall see how it will go with me. Philippians 2.

3. Immediately.

And presently the fig-tree withered away. Matthew 21.

Presentment

PRESENT'MENT, n. s as z. The act of presenting.

Shak.

2. Appearance to the view; representation.

Milton.

3. In law, a presentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by a grand jury of any offense from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them at the suit of the king; as the presentment of a nuisance, a libel or the like, on which the officer of the court must afterwards frame an indictment, before the party presented can be put to answer it.

Blackstone.

4. In a more general sense, presentment comprehends inquisitions of office and indictments.

Blackstone.

In the United States, a presentment is an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an indictment; or it is the act of offering an indictment. It is also used for the indictment itself. The grand jury are charged to inquire and due presentment make of all crimes, &c. The use of the word is limited to accusations by grand jurors.

5. The official notice in court which the jury or homage gives of the surrender of a copyhold estate.

Blackstone.

Presentness

PRES'ENTNESS, n. s as z. Presence; as presentness of mind. [Not used.]

Clarendon.

Preservable

PRESERV'ABLE, adjective [See Preserve.] That may be preserved.

Preservation

PRESERVA'TION, noun [from preserve; Italian preservazione; Spanish preservacion.]

The act of preserving or keeping safe; the act of keeping from injury, destruction or decay; as the preservation of life or health; the preservation of buildings from fire or decay; the preservation of grain from insects; the preservation of fruit or plants. When a thing is kept entirely from decay, or nearly in its original state, we say it is in a high state of preservation.

Preservative

PRESERV'ATIVE, adjective [Italian preservativo; French preservatif.]

Having the power or quality of keeping safe from injury, destruction or decay; tending to preserve.

Preservative

PRESERV'ATIVE, noun That which preserves or has the power of preserving; something that tends to secure a person or thing in a sound state, or prevent it from injury, destruction, decay or corruption; a preventive of injury or decay. Persons formerly wore tablets of arsenic, as preservatives against the plague. Clothing is a preservative against cold. Temperance and exercise are the best preservatives of health. Habitual reverence of the Supreme Being is an excellent preservative against sin and the influence of evil examples.

Preservatory

PRESERV'ATORY, adjective That tends to preserve.

Hall.

Preservatory

PRESERV'ATORY, noun That which has the power of preserving; a preservative.

Whitlock.

Preserve

PRESERVE, v. t. prezeru'. [French preserver; Italian preservare; Spanish preservar; Low Latin proeservo; proe and servo, to keep.]

1. To keep or save from injury or destruction; to defend from evil.

God did send me before you to preserve life. Genesis 45.

O Lord, preserve me from the violent man. Psalm 140.

2. To uphold; to sustain.

O Lord, thou preservest man and beast. Psalm 36.

3. To save from decay; to keep in a sound state; as, to preserve fruit in winter. Salt is used to preserve meat.

4. To season with sugar or other substances for preservation; as, to preserve plums, quinces or other fruit.

5. To keep or defend from corruption; as, to preserve youth from vice.

Preserve

PRESERVE, n. prezerv'. Fruit or a vegetable seasoned and kept in sugar or sirup.

Mortimer.

Preserved

PRESERV'ED, participle passive Saved from injury, destruction or decay; kept or defended from evil; seasoned with sugar for preservation.

Preserver

PRESERV'ER, noun The person or thing that preserves; one that saves or defends from destruction or evil.

What shall I do to thee, O thou preserver of men? Job 7.

2. One that makes preserves of fruits.

Preserving

PRESERV'ING, participle of the present tense Keeping safe from injury, destruction or decay; defending from evil.

Preside

PRESI'DE, v. i. s as z. [Latin proesideo; proe, before, and sedeo, to sit; Italian presidere; French presider; Spanish presidir.]

1. To be set over for the exercise of authority; to direct, control and govern, as the chief officer. A man may preside over a nation or province; or he may preside over a senate, or a meeting of citizens. The word is used chiefly in the latter sense. We say, a man presides over the senate with dignity. Hence it usually denotes temporary superintendence and government.

2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over as inspector.

Some o'er the public magazines preside.

Dryden.

Presidency

PRES'IDENCY, noun Superintendence; inspection and care.

Ray.

2. The office of president. Washington was elected to the presidency of the United States by a unanimous vote of the electors.

3. The term during which a president holds his office. President J. Adams died during the presidency of his son.

4. The jurisdiction of a president; as in the British dominions in the East Indies.

5. The family or suit of a president.

A worthy clergyman belonging to the presidency of Fort St. George. Qu.

Buchanan, 251.

President

PRES'IDENT, noun [French from Latin proesidens.]

1. An officer elected or appointed to preside over a corporation, company or assembly of men, to keep order, manage their concerns or govern their proceedings; as the president of a banking company; the president of a senate, &c.

2. An officer appointed or elected to govern a province or territory, or to administer the government of a nation. The president of the United States is the chief executive magistrate.

3. The chief officer of a college or university.

U. States.

4. A tutelar power.

Just Apollo, president of verse.

Waller.

Vice-president, one who is second in authority to the president. The vice-president of the United States is president of the senate ex officio, and performs the duties of president when the latter is removed or disabled.

Presidential

PRESIDEN'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to a president; as the presidential chair.

Walsh.

2. Presiding over.

Glanville.

Presidentship

PRES'IDENTSHIP, noun The office and place of president.

Hooker.

2. The term for which a president holds his office.

Presidial

PRESID'IAL, or PRESID'IARY, adjective [Latin proesidium, a garrison; proe and sedeo.] Pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.

Howell.

Presignification

PRESIGNIFICA'TION, noun [from presignify.]

The act of signifying or showing beforehand.

Barrow.

Presignify

PRESIG'NIFY, verb transitive [pre and signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to show previously.

Pearson.

Press

PRESS, verb transitive [French presser; Italian pressare, to press, crowd, urge, hurry; Dutch German pressen; Swedish pr?ssa; Danish presser; Welsh brysiaw, to hurry, formed from rhys, extreme ardency, a rushing. Here we have proof that press is formed from the root of rush, with a prefix. The Spanish has apretar, prensar and aprensar. The Latin pressus is from the same root.]

1. To urge with force or weight; a word of extensive use, denoting the application of any power, physical or moral, to something that is to be moved or affected. We press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers or arms; the smith presses iron with his vise; we are pressed with the weight of arguments or of cares, troubles and business.

2. To squeeze; to crush; as, to press grapes. Genesis 40.

3. To drive with violence; to hurry; as, to press a horse in motion, or in a race.

4. To urge; to enforce; to inculcate with earnestness; as, to press divine truth on an audience.

5. To embrace closely; to hug.

Leucothoe shook

And press'd Palemon closer in her arms.

Pope.

6. To force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.

Clarendon. Dryden.

7. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or with difficulties.

8. To constrain; to compel; to urge by authority or necessity.

The posts that rode on mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. Esther 8.

9. To urge; to impose by importunity.

He pressed a letter upon me, within this hour, to deliver to you.

Dryden.

10. To urge or solicit with earnestness or importunity. He pressed me to accept of his offer.

11. To urge; to constrain.

Paul was pressed in spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ. Acts 18.

Wickedness pressed with conscience, forecasteth grievous things.

Wisdom.

12. To squeeze for making smooth; as cloth or paper.

Press differs from drive and strike, in usually denoting a slow or continued application of force; whereas drive and strike denote a sudden impulse of force.

Press

PRESS, verb intransitive To urge or strain in motion; to urge forward with force.

I press towards the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. Philippians 3.

Th' insulting victor presses on the more.

Dryden.

2. To bear on with force; to encroach.

On superior powers

Were we to press, inferior might on ours.

Pope.

3. To bear on with force; to crowd; to throng.

Thronging crowds press on you as you pass.

Dryden.

4. To approach unseasonably or importunately.

Nor press too near the throne.

Dryden.

5. To urge with vehemence and importunity.

He pressed upon them greatly, and they turned in to him. Genesis 19.

6. To urge by influence or moral force.

When arguments press equally in matters indifferent, the safest method is to give up ourselves to neither.

Addison.

7. To push with force; as, to press against the door.

Press

PRESS, noun [Italian pressa, haste, hurry, a crowd; Spanish prensa; French presse, pressoir; Swedish pr?ss; Danish German presse.]

1. An instrument or machine by which any body is squeezed, crushed or forced into a more compact form; as a wine-press, cider-press or cheese-press.

2. A machine for printing; a printing-press. Great improvements have been lately made in the construction of presses.

3. The art or business of printing and publishing. A free press is a great blessing to a free people; a licentious press is a curse to society.

4. A crowd; a throng; a multitude of individuals crowded together.

And when they could not come nigh to him for the pressÃ‚-- Mark 2.

5. The act of urging or pushing forward.

Which in their throng and press to the last hold,

Confound themselves.

Shak.

6. A wine-vat or cistern. Haggai 2.

7. A case or closet for the safe keeping of garments.

Shak.

8. Urgency; urgent demands of affairs; as a press of business.

9. A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy; for impress.

Raleigh.

Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail as the state of the wind will permit.

Mar. Dict.

Liberty of the press, in civil policy, is the free right of publishing books, pamphlets or papers without previous restraint; or the unrestrained right which every citizen enjoys of publishing his thoughts and opinions, subject only to punishment for publishing what is pernicious to morals or to the peace of the state.

Press-Bed

PRESS'-BED, noun A bed that may be raised and inclosed in a case.

Pressed

PRESS'ED, participle passive Urged by force or weight; constrained; distressed; crowded; embraced; made smooth and glossy by pressure, as cloth.

Presser

PRESS'ER, noun One that presses.

Press-Gang

PRESS'-GANG, noun [press and gang.] A detachment of seamen under the command of an officer, empowered to impress men into the naval service.

Pressing

PRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Urging with force or weight; squeezing; constraining; crowding; embracing; distressing; forcing into service; rolling in a press.

2. adjective Urgent; distressing.

Pressing

PRESS'ING, noun The act or operation of applying force to bodies. The pressing of cloth is performed by means of the screw, or by a calendar.

Pressingly

PRESS'INGLY, adverb With force or urgency; closely.

Howell.

Pression

PRES'SION, noun [Italian pressione.] The act of pressing. But pressure is more generally used.

Newton.

2. In the Cartesian philosophy, an endeavor to move.

Pressitant

PRESS'ITANT, adjective Gravitating; heavy. [Not in use.]

More.

Pressman

PRESS'MAN, noun In printing, the man who manages the press and impresses the sheets.

2. One of a press-gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service.

Chapman.

Press-Money

PRESS'-MONEY, noun Money paid to a man impressed into public service. [See Prestmoney.]

Gay.

Pressure

PRESS'URE, noun [Italian Latin pressura.] The act of pressing or urging with force.

2. The act of squeezing or crushing. Wine is obtained by the pressure of grapes.

3. The state of being squeezed or crushed.

4. The force of one body acting on another by weight or the continued application of power. Pressure is occasioned by weight or gravity, by the motion of bodies, by the expansion of fluids, by elasticity, &c. Mutual pressure may be caused by the meeting of moving bodies, or by the motion of one body against another at rest, and the resistance or elastic force of the latter. The degree of pressure is in proportion to the weight of the pressing body, or to the power applied, or to the elastic force of resisting bodies. The screw is a most powerful instrument of pressure. The pressure of wind on the sails of a ship is in proportion to its velocity.

5. A constraining force or impulse; that which urges or compels the intellectual or moral faculties; as the pressure of motives on the mind, or of fear on the conscience.

6. That which afflicts the body or depresses the spirits; any severe affliction, distress, calamity or grievance; straits, difficulties, embarrassments, or the distress they occasion. We speak of the pressure of poverty or want, the pressure of debts, the pressure of taxes, the pressure of afflictions or sorrow.

My own and my people's pressures are grievous.

K. Charles.

To this consideration he retreats with comfort in all his pressures.

Atterbury.

We observe that pressure is used both for trouble or calamity, and for the distress it produces.

7. Urgency; as the pressure of business.

8. Impression; stamp; character impressed.

All laws of books, all forms, all pressures past.

Shak.

Prest

PREST, sometimes used for pressed. [See Press.]

Prest

PREST, adjective [Old French prest or preste, now prÃƒ-ªt, prÃƒ-©t or preste; Spanish Italian presto, from Latin proesto, to stand before or forward; proe and sto.]

1. Ready; prompt. Obs.

Fairfax.

2. Neat; tight. Obs.

Tusser.

Prest

PREST, noun [French prÃƒ-ªt, supra.] A loan. Obs.

Bacon.

2. Formerly, a duty in money, to be paid by the sherif on his account in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. 2 and 3 Edw. 6.

Prest-Money

PREST'-MONEY, noun Money paid to men impressed into the service.

Encyc.

Prestation

PRESTA'TION, noun [Latin proestatio.] Formerly, a payment of money; sometimes used for purveyance.

Encyc.

Prestation-Money

PRESTA'TION-MONEY, noun A sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop, pro exteriore jurisdictione.

Encyc.

Prester

PRES'TER, noun [Greek, from, to kindle or inflame.]

1. A meteor thrown from the clouds with such violence, that by collision it is set on fire.

Encyc.

2. The external part of the neck, which swells when a person is angry.

Encyc.

Prestiges

PRES'TIGES, noun [Latin proestigioe.] Juggling tricks; impostures.

Dict.

Prestigiation

PRESTIGIA'TION, noun [Latin proestigioe, tricks.]

The playing of legerdemain tricks; a juggling.

Dict.

Prestigiator

PRESTIGIA'TOR, noun A juggler; a cheat.

More.

Prestigiatory

PRESTIG'IATORY, adjective Juggling; consisting of impostures.

Prestigious

PRESTIG'IOUS, adjective Practicing tricks; juggling.

Bale.

Prestimony

PRES'TIMONY, noun [Portugese Spanish prestimonio; Latin proesto, to supply; proe and sto.] In canon law, a fund for the support of a priest, appropriated by the founder, but not erected into any title of benefice, and not subject to the pope or the ordinary, but of which the patron is the collator.

Portugese Dict. Encyc.

But in a Spanish Dictionary thus defined, "a prebend for the maintenance of poor clergymen, on condition of their saying prayers at certain stated times."

Presto

PRES'TO, adverb [Spanish Italian presto, quick or quickly; Latin proesto.]

1. In music, a direction for a quick lively movement or performance.

2. Quickly; immediately; in haste.

Swift.

Prestriction

PRESTRIC'TION, noun [Latin proestringo, proestrictus.] Dimness.

Milton.

Presumable

PRESU'MABLE, adjective s as z. [from presume.] That may be presumed; that may be supposed to be true or entitled to belief, without examination or direct evidence, or on probable evidence.

Presumably

PRESU'MABLY, adverb By presuming or supposing something to be true, without direct proof.

Brown.

Presume

PRESU'ME, verb transitive s as z. [French presumer; Italian presumere; Spanish presumir; from Latin proesumo; proe, before, and sumo, to take.]

To take or suppose to be true or entitled to belief, without examination or positive proof, or on the strength of probability. We presume that a man is honest, who has not been known to cheat or deceive; but in this we are sometimes mistaken. In many cases, the law presumes full payment where positive evidence of it cannot be produced.

We not only presume it may be so, but we actually find it so.

Gov. of the Tongue.

In cases of implied contracts, the law presumes that a man has covenanted or contracted to do what reason and justice dictate.

Blackstone.

Presume

PRESU'ME, verb intransitive To venture without positive permission; as, we may presume too far.

Bacon.

2. To form confident or arrogant opinions; with on or upon, before the cause of confidence.

This man presumes upon his parts.

Locke.

I will not presume so far upon myself.

Dryden.

3. To make confident or arrogant attempts.

In that we presume to see what is meet and convenient, better than God himself.

Hooker.

4. It has on or upon sometimes before the thing supposed.

Luther presumes upon the gift of continency.

Atterbury.

It is sometimes followed by of, but improperly.

Presumed

PRESU'MED, participle passive Supposed or taken to be true, or entitled to belief, without positive proof.

Presumer

PRESU'MER, noun One that presumes; also, an arrogant person.

Wotton.

Presuming

PRESU'MING, participle of the present tense Taking as true, or supposing to be entitled to belief, on probable evidence.

2. adjective Venturing without positive permission; too confident; arrogant; unreasonably bold.

Presumption

PRESUMP'TION, noun [French presomption; Latin proesumptio.]

1. Supposition of the truth or real existence of something without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief. Presumption in law is of three sorts, violent or strong, probable, and light.

Next to positive proof, circumstantial evidence or the doctrine of presumptions must take place; for when the fact cannot be demonstratively evinced, that which comes nearest to the proof of the fact is the proof of such circumstances as either necessarily or usually attend such facts. These are called presumptions.

Violent presumption is many times equal to full proof.

Blackstone.

2. Strong probability; as in the common phrase, the presumption is that an event has taken place, or will take place.

3. Blind or headstrong confidence; unreasonable adventurousness; a venturing to undertake something without reasonable prospect of success, or against the usual probabilities of safety; presumptuousness.

Let my presumption not provoke thy wrath.

Shak.

I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.

Dryden.

4. Arrogance. He had the presumption to attempt to dictate to the council.

5. Unreasonable confidence in divine favor.

The awe of his majesty will keep us from presumption.

Rogers.

Presumptive

PRESUMP'TIVE, adjective Taken by previous supposition; grounded on probable evidence.

2. Unreasonably confident; adventuring without reasonable ground to expect success; presumptuous; arrogant.

Brown.

Presumptive evidence, in law, is that which is derived from circumstances which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct evidence or positive proof.

Presumptive evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted.

Blackstone.

Presumptive heir, one who would inherit an estate if the ancestor should die with things in their present state, but whose right of inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir before the death of the ancestor. Thus the presumptive succession of a brother or nephew may be destroyed by the birth of a child. Presumptive heir is distinguished from heir apparent, whose right of inheritance is indefeasible, provided he outlives the ancestor.

Blackstone.

Presumptively

PRESUMP'TIVELY, adverb By presumption, or supposition grounded on probability.

Burke.

Presumptuous

PRESUMP'TUOUS, adjective [French presomptueux; Italian Spanish presuntuoso.]

1. Bold and confident to excess; adventuring without reasonable ground of success; hazarding safety on too slight grounds; rash; applied to persons; as a presumptuous commander.

There is a class of presumptuous men whom age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise.

Buckminster.

2. Founded on presumption; proceeding from excess of confidence; applied to things; as presumptuous hope.

Milton.

3. Arrogant; insolent; as a presumptuous priest.

Shak.

Presumptuous pride.

Dryden.

4. Unduly confident; irreverent with respect to sacred things.

5. Willful; done with bold design, rash confidence or in violation of known duty; as a presumptuous sin.

Presumptuously

PRESUMP'TUOUSLY, adverb With rash confidence.

2. Arrogantly; insolently.

3. Willfully; in bold defiance of conscience or violation of known duty; as, to sin presumptuously. Numbers 15.

4. With groundless and vain confidence in the divine favor.

Hammond.

Presumptuousness

PRESUMP'TUOUSNESS, noun The quality of being presumptuous or rashly confident; groundless confidence; arrogance; irreverent boldness or forwardness.

Presupposal

PRESUPPOSAL, n. presuppo'zal. [pre and supposal.]

Supposal previously formed; presupposition.

Hooker.

Presuppose

PRESUPPO'SE, v. t. presuppo'ze. [French presupposer; Italian presupporre; pre and suppose.]

To suppose as previous; to imply as antecedent. The existence of created things presupposes the existence of a Creator.

Each kind of knowledge presupposes many necessary things learned in other sciences and known beforehand.

Hooker.

Presupposed

PRESUPPO'SED, participle passive Supposed to be antecedent.

Presupposing

PRESUPPO'SING, participle of the present tense Supposing to be previous.

Presupposition

PRESUPPOSI'TION, noun Supposition previously formed.

2. Supposition of something antecedent.

Presurmise

PRESURMISE, n. presurmi'ze. [pre and surmise.]

A surmise previously formed.

Shak.

Pretend

PRETEND', verb transitive [Latin proetendo; proe, before, and tendo, to tend, to reach or stretch; French pretendre; Italian pretendere; Spanish pretender.]

1. Literally, to reach or stretch forward; used by Dryden, but this use is not well authorized.

2. To hold out, as a false appearance; to offer something feigned instead of that which is real; to simulate, in words or actions.

This let him know,

Lest willfully transgressing, he pretend

Surprisal.

Milton.

3. To show hypocritically; as, to pretend great zeal when the heart is not engaged; to pretend patriotism for the sake of gaining popular applause or obtaining an office.

4. To exhibit as a cover for something hidden.

Lest that too heavenly form, pretended

To hellish falsehood, snare them.

Milton.

[Not in use.]

5. To claim.

Chiefs shall be grudg'd the part which they pretend.

Dryden.

In this sense, we generally use pretend to.

6. To intend; to design. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Pretend

PRETEND', verb transitive To put in a claim, truly or falsely; to hold out the appearance of being, possessing or performing. A man may pretend to be a physician, and pretend to perform great cures. Bad men often pretend to be patriots.

Pretended

PRETEND'ED, participle passive Held out, as a false appearance; feigned; simulated.

2. adjective Ostensible; hypocritical; as a pretended reason or motive; pretended zeal.

Pretendedly

PRETEND'EDLY, adverb By false appearance or representation.

Hammond.

Pretender

PRETEND'ER, noun One who makes a show of something not real; one who lays claim to any thing.

2. In English history, the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who lays claim to the crown of Great Britain, but is excluded by law.

Burnet.

Pretendership

PRETEND'ERSHIP, noun The right or claim of the Pretender.

Swift.

Pretending

PRETEND'ING, participle of the present tense Holding out a false appearance; laying claim to, or attempting to make others believe one is what in truth he is not, or that he has or does something which he has or does not; making hypocritical professions.

Pretendingly

PRETEND'INGLY, adverb Arrogantly; presumptuously.

Pretense

PRETENSE, n. pretens'. [Latin proetensus, proetendo.]

1. A holding out or offering to others something false or feigned; a presenting to others, either in words or actions, a false or hypocritical appearance, usually with a view to conceal what is real, and thus to deceive. Under pretense of giving liberty to nations, the prince conquered and enslaved them. Under pretense of patriotism, ambitious men serve their own selfish purposes.

Let not Trojans, with a feigned pretense

Of proffer'd peace, delude the Latian prince.

Dryden.

It is sometimes preceded by on; as on pretense of revenging Cesar's death.

Middleton.

2. Assumption; claim to notice.

Never was any thing of this pretense more ingeniously imparted.

Evelyn.

3. Claim, true or false.

Primogeniture cannot have any pretense to a right of solely inheriting property or power.

Locke.

4. Something held out to terrify or for other purpose; as a pretense of danger.

Shak.

Pretensed

PRETENS'ED, adjective Pretended; feigned; as a pretensed right to land. [Little used.]

Encyc.

Pretension

PRETEN'SION, noun [Italian pretensione; French pretention.]

1. Claim, true or false; a holding out the appearance of right or possession of a thing, with a view to make others believe what is not real, or what, if true, is not yet known or admitted. A man may make pretensions to rights which he cannot maintain; he may make pretensions to skill which he does not possess; and he may make pretensions to skill or acquirements which he really possesses, but which he is not known to possess. Hence we speak of ill founded pretensions, and well founded pretensions.

2. Claim to something to be obtained, or a desire to obtain something, manifested by words or actions. Any citizen may have pretensions to the honor of representing the state in the senate or house of representatives.

The commons demand that the consulship should lie in common to the pretensions of any Roman.

Swift.

Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their pretensions.

L'Estrange.

3. Fictitious appearance; a Latin phrase, not now used.

This was but an invention and pretension given out by the Spaniards.

Bacon.

Pretentative

PRETENT'ATIVE, adjective [Latin proe and tento, to try.]

That may be previously tried or attempted. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Preter

PRETER, a Latin preposition, [proeter,] is used in some English words as a prefix.

Its proper signification is beyond, hence beside, more.

Preterimperfect

PRETERIMPER'FECT, adjective [beyond or beside unfinished.]

In grammar, designating the tense which expresses action or being not perfectly past; an awkward epithet, very ill applied.

Preterit

PRE'TERIT, adjective [Latin proeteritus, proetereo; proeter, beyond, and eo, to go.]

Past; applied to the tense in grammar which expresses an action or being perfectly past or finished, often that which is just past or completed, but without a specification of time. It is called also the perfect tense; as, scripsi, I have written. We say, "I have written a letter to my correspondent;" in which sentence, the time is supposed to be not distant and not specified. But when the time is mentioned, we use the imperfect tense so called; as, "I wrote to my correspondent yesterday." In this use of the preterit or perfect tense, the English differs from the French, in which j'ai ecrit hier, is correct; but I have written yesterday, would be very bad English.

Preterition

PRETERI'TION, noun [French from Latin proetereo, to pass by.]

1. The act of going past; the state of being past.

Hall.

2. In rhetoric, a figure by which, in pretending to pass over any thing, we make a summary mention of it; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he is learned, he is just," &c. The most artful praises are those bestowed by way of preterition.

Encyc.

Preteritness

PRE'TERITNESS, noun [from preterit.] The state of being past. [Little used.]

Bentley.

Preterlapsed

PRETERLAPS'ED, adjective [Latin proeterlapsus, proeterlabor; proeter and labor, to glide.]

Past; gone by; as preterlapsed ages.

Walker.

Preterlegal

PRETERLE'GAL, adjective [Latin proeter and legal.] Exceeding the limits of law; not legal. [Little used.]

K. Charles.

Pretermission

PRETERMIS'SION, noun [Latin proetermissio, from proetermitto.] A passing by; omission.

2. In rhetoric, the same as preterition.

Pretermit

PRETERMIT', verb transitive [Latin proetermitto; proeter, beyond, and mitto, to send.]

To pass by; to omit.

Bacon.

Preternatural

PRETERNAT'URAL, adjective [Latin proeter and natural.]

Beyond what is natural, or different from what is natural; irregular. We call those events in the physical world preternatural, which are extraordinary, which are deemed to be beyond or without the ordinary course of things, and yet are not deemed miraculous; in distinction from events which are supernatural, which cannot be produced by physical laws or powers, and must therefore be produced by a direct exertion of omnipotence. We also apply the epithet to things uncommon or irregular; as a preternatural swelling; a preternatural pulse; a preternatural excitement or temper.

Preternaturality

PRETERNATURAL'ITY, noun Preternaturalness. [Little used.]

Smith.

Preternaturally

PRETERNAT'URALLY, adverb In a manner beyond or aside from the common order of nature; as vessels of the body preternaturally distended.

Preternaturalness

PRETERNAT'URALNESS, noun A state or manner different from the common order of nature.

Preterperfect

PRETERPER'FECT, adjective [Latin proeter and perfectus.]

Literally, more than complete or finished; an epithet equivalent to preterit, applied to the tense of verbs which expresses action or being absolutely past. [Grammar.]

Spectator.

Preterpluperfect

PRETERPLUPER'FECT, adjective [Latin proeter, beyond, plus, more, and perfectus, perfect.]

Literally, beyond more than perfect; an epithet designating the tense of verbs which expresses action or being past prior to another past event or time; better denominated the prior past tense, that is, past prior to another event.

Pretex

PRETEX', verb transitive [Latin proetexo; proe and texo, or tego, texui.]

To cloak; to conceal. [Not used.]

Edwards.

Pretext

PRETEXT', noun [Latin proetextus; French pretexte; Italian pretesto; Spanish pretexto.]

Pretense; false appearance; ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive. He gave plausible reasons for his conduct, but these were only a pretext to conceal his real motives.

He made pretext that I should only go

And help convey his freight; but thought not so.

Chapman.

They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of service and kindness.

L'Estrange.

Pretor

PRE'TOR, noun [Latin proetor, from the root of proe, before.]

Among the ancient Romans, a judge; an officer answering to the modern chief justice or chancellor, or to both. In later times, subordinate judges appointed to distribute justice in the provinces, were created and called pretors or provincial pretors. These assisted the consuls in the government of the provinces.

Encyc.

In modern times, the word is sometimes used for a mayor or magistrate.

Dryden. Spectator.

Pretorial

PRETO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a pretor or judge; judicial;

Burke.

Pretorian

PRETO'RIAN, adjective Belonging to a pretor or judge; judicial; exercised by the pretor; as pretorian power or authority.

Bacon.

Pretorian bands or guards, in Roman history, were the emperor's guards. Their number was ultimately increased to ten thousand men.

Encyc.

Pretorship

PRE'TORSHIP, noun The office of pretor.

Warton.

Prettily

PRETTILY, adv. prit'tily. [from pretty.] In a pretty manner; with neatness and taste; pleasingly; without magnificence or splendor; as a woman prettily dressed; a parterre prettily ornamented with flowers.

2. With decency, good manners and decorum without dignity.

Children kept out of ill company, take a pride to behave themselves prettily.

Locke.

Prettiness

PRETTINESS, n. prit'tiness. [from pretty.]

1. Diminutive beauty; a pleasing form without stateliness or dignity; as the prettiness of the face; the prettiness of a bird or other small animal; the prettiness of dress.

More.

2. Neatness and taste displayed on small objects; as the prettiness of a flower bed.

3. Decency of manners; pleasing propriety without dignity or elevation; as the prettiness of a child's behavior.

Pretty

PRETTY, a. prit'ty. [Saxon proete, adorned; proetig, sly, crafty; Danish prydet, adorned; Swedish prydd, id.; Welsh pryd, comeliness, beauty, also that is present, stated time, hour or season, visage, aspect; prydain, exhibiting presence or an open countenance, beautiful; prydiaw, to represent an object, to record an event, to render seasonable, to set apart a time, to become seasonable. This word seems to be connected with priawd, appropriate, proper, fitting, whence priodi, to render appropriate, to espouse or marry, and priodverÃƒ-§, a bride. Hence it is evident, the radical sense is set, or as we say, set off, implying enlargement.]

1. Having diminutive beauty; of a pleasing form without the strong lines of beauty, or without gracefulness and dignity; as a pretty face; a pretty person; a pretty flower.

The pretty gentleman is the most complaisant creature in the world.

Spectator.

That which is little can be but pretty, and by claiming dignity becomes ridiculous.

Johnson.

2. Neat and appropriate without magnificence or splendor; as a pretty dress.

3. Handsome; neatly arranged or ornamented; as a pretty flower bed.

4. Neat; elegant without elevation or grandeur; as a pretty tale or story; a pretty song or composition.

5. Sly; crafty; as, he has played his friend a pretty trick. This seems to be the sense of the word in this phrase, according with the Saxon proetig. And hence perhaps the phrase, a pretty fellow.

6. Small; diminutive; in contempt. He will make a pretty figure in a triumph.

7. Not very small; moderately large; as a pretty way off.

Cut off the stalks of cucumbers immediately after their bearing, close by the earth, and then cast a pretty quantity of earth upon the plant, and they will bear next year before the ordinary time. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Pretty

PRETTY, adv. prit'ty. In some degree; tolerably; moderately; as a farm pretty well stocked; the colors became pretty vivid; I am pretty sure of the fact; the wind is pretty fair. The English farthing is pretty near the value of the American cent. In these and similar phrases, pretty expresses less than very.

The writer pretty plainly professes himself a sincere christian.

Atterbury.

Pretypified

PRETYP'IFIED, participle passive [from pretypify.] Antecedently represented by type; prefigured.

Pretypify

PRETYP'IFY, verb transitive [pre and typify.] To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type.

Pearson.

Pretypifying

PRETYP'IFYING, participle of the present tense Prefiguring.

Prevail

PREVA'IL, verb intransitive [French prevaloir; Italian prevalere; Spanish prevalecer; Latin proevaleo; proe, before, and valeo, to be strong or well. Valeo seems to be from the same root as the well. The primary sense is to stretch or strain forward, to advance.]

1. To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage.

When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed; when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. Exodus 17.

With over or against.

David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone. 1 Samuel 17.

This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of England.

Swift.

2. To be in force; to have effect, power or influence.

This custom makes the short-sighted bigots and the warier sceptics, as far as it prevails.

Locke.

3. To be predominant; to extend over with force or effect. The fever prevailed in a a great part of the city.

4. To gain or have predominant influence; to operate with effect. These reasons, arguments or motives ought to prevail with all candid men. In this sense, it is followed by with.

5. To persuade or induce; with on or upon. They prevailed on the president to ratify the treaty. It is also followed by with. They could not prevail with the king to pardon the offender. But on is more common in modern practice.

6. To succeed. The general attempted to take the fort by assault, but did not prevail. The most powerful arguments were employed, but they did not prevail.

Prevailing

PREVA'ILING, participle of the present tense Gaining advantage, superiority or victory; having effect; persuading; succeeding.

2. adjective Predominant; having more influence; prevalent; superior in power. The love of money and the love of power are the prevailing passions of men.

3. Efficacious.

Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers.

Rowe.

4. Predominant; most general; as the prevailing disease of a climate; a prevailing opinion. Intemperance is the prevailing vice of many countries.

Prevailment

PREVA'ILMENT, noun Prevalence. [Little used.]

Shak.

Prevalence

PREV'ALENCE, or PREV'ALENCY, noun Superior strength, influence or efficacy; most efficacious force in producing an effect.

The duke better knew what kind of arguments were of prevalence with him.

Clarendon.

2. Predominance; most general reception or practice; as the prevalence of vice, or of corrupt maxims; the prevalence of opinion or fashion.

3. Most general existence or extension; as the prevalence of a disease.

4. Success; as the prevalence of prayer.

Prevalent

PREV'ALENT, adjective Gaining advantage or superiority; victorious.

Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as good as any title.

Raleigh.

2. Powerful; efficacious; successful; as prevalent supplications.

3. Predominant; most generally received or current; as a prevalent opinion.

Woodward.

4. Predominant; most general; extensively existing; as a prevalent disease.

Prevalently

PREV'ALENTLY, adverb With predominance or superiority; powerfully.

The evening star so falls into the main

To rise at morn more prevalently bright.

Prior.

Prevaricate

PREVAR'ICATE, verb intransitive [Italian prevaricare; Spanish prevaricar; French prevariquer; Latin proevaricor; proe and varico, varicor, to straddle.]

1. To shuffle; to quibble; to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct course or from truth; to play foul play

I would think better of himself, than that he would wilfully prevaricate.

Stillingfleet.

2. In the civil law, to collude; as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.

Encyc.

3. In English law, to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose of defeating or destroying it.

Cowel.

Prevaricate

PREVAR'ICATE, verb transitive To pervert; to corrupt; to evade by a quibble. [But in a transitive sense, this word is seldom or never used.]

Prevarication

PREVARICA'TION, noun A shuffling or quibbling to evade the truth or the disclosure of truth; the practice of some trick for evading what is just or honorable; a deviation from the plain path of truth and fair dealing.

Addison.

2. In the civil law, the collusion of an informer with the defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution.

Encyc.

3. In common law, a seeming to undertake a thing falsely or deceitfully, for the purpose of defeating or destroying it.

Cowel.

4. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office or commission.

Encyc.

Prevaricator

PREVAR'ICATOR, noun One that prevaricates; a shuffler; a quibbler.

2. A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham prosecution.

Civil Law.

3. One who abuses his trust.

Prevene

PREVE'NE, verb transitive [Latin proevenio; proe, before, and venio, to come.]

Literally, to come before; hence, to hinder. [Not used.]

Philips.

Prevenient

PREVE'NIENT, adjective [Latin proeveniens.] Going before; preceding; hence, preventive; as prevenient grace.

Milton.

Prevent

PREVENT', verb transitive [Italian prevenire; Spanish French prevenir; Latin proevenio, supra.]

1. To go before; to precede.

I prevented the dawning of the morning, and cried. Psalm 119.

2. To precede, as something unexpected or unsought.

The days of my affliction prevented me. Job 30:2 Samuel 22.

3. To go before; to precede; to favor by anticipation or by hindering distress or evil.

The God of my mercy shall prevent me. Psalm 59.

Prevent us, O Lord, in all our doings, with thy most gracious favor.

Common Prayer.

4. To anticipate.

Their ready guilt preventing thy commands.

Pope.

5. To preoccupy; to pre-engage; to attempt first.

Thou hast prevented us with overtures of love.

K. Charles.

[In all the preceding senses, the word is obsolete.]

6. To hinder; to obstruct; to intercept the approach or access of. This is now the only sense. No foresight or care will prevent every misfortune. Religion supplies consolation under afflictions which cannot be prevented. It is easier to prevent an evil than to remedy it.

Too great confidence in success, is the likeliest to prevent it.

Atterbury.

Prevent

PREVENT', verb intransitive To come before the usual time. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Preventable

PREVENT'ABLE, adjective That may be prevented or hindered.

Reynolds.

Prevented

PREVENT'ED, participle passive Hindered from happening or taking effect.

Preventer

PREVENT'ER, noun One that goes before. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

2. One that hinders; a hinderer; that which hinders; as a preventer of evils or of disease.

Preventing

PREVENT'ING, participle of the present tense Going before. Obs.

2. Hindering; obviating.

Preventingly

PREVENT'INGLY, adverb In such a manner or way as to hinder.

Dr. Walker.

Prevention

PREVEN'TION, noun [French] The act of going before. Obs.

Bacon.

2. Preoccupation; anticipation. [Little used.]

Hammond.

3. The act of hindering; hinderance; obstruction of access or approach.

Prevention of sin is one of the greatest mercies God can vouchsafe.

South.

4. Prejudice; prepossession; a French sense, but not in use in English.

Dryden.

Preventional

PREVEN'TIONAL, adjective Tending to prevent.

Dict.

Preventive

PREVENT'IVE, adjective Tending to hinder; hindering the access of; as a medicine preventive of disease.

Brown.

Preventive

PREVENT'IVE, noun That which prevents; that which intercepts the access or approach of. Temperance and exercise are excellent preventives of debility and languor.

2. An antidote previously taken. A medicine may be taken as a preventive of disease.

Preventively

PREVENT'IVELY, adverb By way of prevention; in a manner that tends to hinder.

Previous

PRE'VIOUS, adjective [Latin proevius; proe, before, and via, way, that is, a going, Saxon woeg.]

Going before in time; being or happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as a previous intimation of a design; a previous notion; a previous event.

Sound from the mountain, previous to the storm,

Rolls o'er the muttering earth.

Thomson.

Previously

PRE'VIOUSLY, adverb In time preceding; beforehand; antecedently; as a plan previously formed.

Previousness

PRE'VIOUSNESS, noun Antecedence; priority in time.

Prevision

PREVI'SION, n. s as z. [Latin proevisus, proevideo; proe, before, and video, to see.]

Foresight; foreknowledge; prescience.

Encyc.

Prewarn

PREWARN', verb transitive [See Warn.] To warn beforehand; to give previous notice of.

Beaum.

Prey

PREY, noun [Latin proeda; Italian preda; French proie; Armoric preyz or preih; Dutch prooi. In Welsh, praiz, Irish preit, signifies booty or spoil of cattle taken in war, also a flock or herd; preiziaw, to herd, to collect a herd, to drive off or make booty of cattle.]

1. Spoil; booty; plunder; goods taken by force from an enemy in war.

And they brought the captives and the prey and the spoil to Moses and Eleazar the priest. Numbers 31.

In this passage, the captives are distinguished from prey. But sometimes persons are included.

They [Judah] shall become a prey and a spoil to all their enemies. 2 Kings 21.

2. That which is seized or may be seized by violence to be devoured; ravine. The eagle and the hawk dart upon their prey.

She sees herself the monster's prey.

Dryden.

The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job 4.

3. Ravage; depredation.

Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, lion in prey.

Shak.

Animal or beast of prey, is a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals. The word is applied to the larger animals, as lions, tigers, hawks, vultures, &c. rather than to insects; yet an insect feeding on other insects may be called an animal of prey.

Prey

PREY, verb intransitive To prey on or upon, is to rob; to plunder; to pillage.

2. To feed by violence, or to seize and devour. The wolf preys on sheep; the hawk preys on chickens.

3. To corrode; to waste gradually; to cause to pine away. Grief preys on the body and spirits; envy and jealousy prey on the health.

Language is too faint to show

His rage of love; it preys upon his life;

He pines, he sickens, he despairs, he dies.

Addison.

Preyer

PREYER, noun He or that which preys; a plunderer; a waster; a devourer.

Preying

PREYING, participle of the present tense Plundering; corroding; wasting gradually.

Price

PRICE, noun [French prix; Italian prezzo; Spanish precio; Armoric pris; Dutch prys; German preis; Danish priis; Welsh pris or prid; prisiaw, to value, to apprize; pridiaw, to give a price, value or equivalent, to pawn, to ransom; Latin pretium. See Praise.]

1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market. A man often sets a price on goods which he cannot obtain, and often takes less than the price set.

2. The sum or equivalent given for an article sold; as the price paid for a house, an ox or a watch.

3. The current value or rate paid for any species of goods; as the market price of wheat.

4. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.

Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. Proverbs 31.

5. Reward; recompense.

That vice may merit; 'tis the price of toil;

The knave deserves it when he tills the soil.

Pope.

The price of redemption, is the atonement of Jesus Christ. 1 Corinthians 6.

A price in the hands of a fool, the valuable offers of salvation, which he neglects. Proverbs 17.

Price

PRICE, verb transitive To pay for. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. To set a price on. [See Prize.]

Priceless

PRI'CELESS, adjective Invaluable; too valuable to admit of a price.

Shak.

2. Without value; worthless or unsalable.

J. Barlow.

Prick

PRICK, verb transitive [Saxon priccian; Dutch prikken; Danish prikker; Swedish pricka; Irish priocam.]

1. To pierce with a sharp pointed instrument or substance; as, to prick one with a pin, a needle, a thorn or the like.

2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an acuminated point; applied chiefly to the ears, and primarily to the pointed ears of an animal. The horse pricks his ears, or pricks up his ears.

3. To fix by the point; as, to prick a knife into a board.

Newton.

4. To hang on a point.

The cooks prick a slice on a prong of iron.

Sandys.

5. To designate by a puncture or mark.

Some who are pricked for sherifs, and are fit, set out of the bill.

Bacon.

6. To spur; 10 goad; to incite; sometimes with on or off.

My duty pricks me on to utter that

Which no worldly good should draw from me.

Shak.

But how if honor prick me off.

Shak.

7. To affect with sharp pain; to sting with remorse.

When they heard this, they were pricked in their hearts. Acts 2. Psalm 73.

8. To make acid or pungent to the taste; as, wine is pricked.

Hudibras.

9. To write a musical composition with the proper notes on a scale.

10. In seamen's language, to run a middle seam through the cloth of a sail.

Mar. Dict.

To prick a chart, is to trace a ship's course on a chart.

Mar. Dict.

Prick

PRICK, verb intransitive To become acid; as, cider pricks in the rays of the sun.

2. To dress one's self for show.

3. To come upon the spur; to shoot along.

Before each van

Prick forth the airy knights.

Milton.

4. To aim at a point, mark or place.

Hawkins.

Prick

PRICK, noun [Saxon pricca; Swedish prick or preka; tand-preka, a tooth pick; Irish prioca.]

1. A slender pointed instrument or substance, which is hard enough to pierce the skin; a goad; a spur.

It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Acts 9.

2. Sharp stinging pain; remorse.

Shak.

3. A spot or mark at which archers aim.

Carew.

4. A point; a fixed place.

Spenser.

5. A puncture or place entered by a point.

Brown.

6. The print of a hare on the ground.

7. In seamen's language, a small roll; as a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.

Pricked

PRICK'ED, participle passive Pierced with a sharp point; spurred; goaded; stung with pain; rendered acid or pungent; marked; designated.

Pricker

PRICK'ER, noun A sharp pointed instrument.

Moxon.

2. In colloquial use, a prickle.

3. A light horseman. [Not in use.]

Hayward.

Pricket

PRICK'ET, noun A buck in his second year.

Manwood.

Pricking

PRICK'ING, participle of the present tense Piercing with a sharp point; goading; affecting with pungent pain; making or becoming acid.

Pricking

PRICK'ING, noun A sensation of sharp pain, or of being pricked.

Prickle

PRICK'LE, noun In botany, a small pointed shoot or sharp process, growing from the

bark only, and thus distinguished from the thorn, which grows from the wood of a plant. Thus the rose, the bramble, the gooseberry and the barberry are armed with prickles.

Martyn.

2. A sharp pointed process of an animal.

Prickle-Back

PRICK'LE-BACK, noun A small fish, so named from the prickles on its back; the stickle-back.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Prickliness

PRICK'LINESS, noun [from prickly.] The state of having many prickles.

Pricklouse

PRICK'LOUSE, noun A low word in contempt for a taylor.

L'Estrange.

Prickly

PRICK'LY, adjective Full of sharp points or prickles; armed with prickles; as a prickly shrub.

Martyn. Swift.

Prickmadam

PRICK'MADAM, noun A species of houseleek.

Johnson.

Prickpunch

PRICK'PUNCH, noun A piece of tempered steel with a round point, to prick a round mark on cold iron.

Moxon.

Pricksong

PRICK'SONG, noun A song set to music, or a variegated song; in distinction from a plain song.

Shak. Bale.

Prickwood

PRICK'WOOD, noun A tree of the genus Euonymus.

Fam. of Plants.

Pride

PRIDE, noun [Saxon pryt, pryde; Dutch prat, proud.]

1. Inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank or elevation in office, which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in contempt of others.

Martial pride looks down on industry.

T. Dawes.

Pride goeth before destruction. Proverbs 16.

Pride that dines on vanity, sups on contempt.

Franklin.

All pride is abject and mean.

Johnson.

Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Danish iv.

2. Insolence; rude treatment of others; insolent exultation.

That hardly we escap'd the pride of France.

Shak.

3. Generous elation of heart; a noble selfesteem springing from a consciousness of worth.

The honest pride of conscious virtue.

Smith.

4. Elevation; loftiness.

A falcon tow'ring in her pride of place.

Shak.

5. Decoration; ornament; beauty displayed.

Whose lofty trees, yclad with summer's pride.

Spenser.

Be his this sword

Whose ivory sheath, inwrought with curious pride,

Adds graceful terror to the wearer's side.

Pope.

6. Splendid show; ostentation.

In this array, the war of either side

Through Athens pass'd with military pride.

Dryden.

7. That of which men are proud; that which excites boasting.

I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Zechariah 9. Zephaniah 3.

8. Excitement of the sexual appetite in a female beast.

Shak.

9. Proud persons. Psalm 36.

Pride

PRIDE, verb transitive With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride one's self, to indulge pride; to take pride; to value one's self; to gratify self-esteem. They pride themselves in their wealth, dress or equipage. He prides himself in his achievments.

Prideful

PRI'DEFUL, adjective Full of pride; insolent; scornful.

Richardson.

Prideless

PRI'DELESS, adjective Destitute of pride; without pride.

Chaucer.

Priding

PRI'DING, participle of the present tense Indulging pride or self-esteem; taking pride; valuing one's self.

Pridingly

PRI'DINGLY, adverb With pride; in pride of heart.

Barrow.

Prie

PRIE, supposed to be so written for privet.

Tusser.

Prie

PRIE, for pry.

Chaucer.

Prief

PRIEF, for proof, obsolete.

Chaucer.

Prier

PRI'ER, noun [from pry.] One who inquires narrowly; one who searches and scrutinizes.

Priest

PRIEST, noun [Saxon preost; Dutch German priester; Danish proest; French prÃƒ-ªtre; Italian prete; from Latin proestes, a chief, one that presides; proe, before, and sto, to stand, or sisto, or Greek. This is probably the origin of the word. In Persic, parastash is worship; parastidan, to worship, to adore.]

1. A man who officiates in sacred offices. Among pagans, priests were persons whose appropriate business was to offer sacrifices and perform other sacred rites of religion. In primitive ages, the fathers of families, princes and kings were priests. Thus Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham, Melchizedeck, Job, Isaac and Jacob offered their own sacrifices. In the days of Moses, the office of priest was restricted to the tribe of Levi, and the priesthood consisted of three orders, the high priest, the priests, and the Levites, and the office was made hereditary in the family of Aaron.

Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins. Hebrews 5.

2. In the modern church, a person who is set apart or consecrated to the ministry of the gospel; a man in orders or licensed to preach the gospel; a presbyter. In its most general sense, the word includes archbishops, bishops, patriarchs, and all subordinate orders of the clergy, duly approved and licensed according to the forms and rules of each respective denomination of christians; as all these orders ``are ordained for men in things pertaining to God.' But in Great Britain, the word is understood to denote the subordinate orders of the clergy, above a deacon and below a bishop. In the United States, the word denotes any licensed minister of the gospel.

Priestcraft

PRIE'STCRAFT, noun [priest and craft.] The stratagems and frauds of priests; fraud or imposition in religious concerns; management of selfish and ambitious priests to gain wealth and power, or to impose on the credulity of others.

Pope. Spectator.

Priestess

PRIE'STESS, noun A female among pagans, who officiated in sacred things.

Addison. Swift.

Priesthood

PRIE'STHOOD, noun The office or character of a priest.

Whitgifte.

2. The order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order composed of priests.

Dryden.

Priestlike

PRIE'STLIKE, adjective Resembling a priest, or that which belongs to priests.

Shak.

Priestliness

PRIE'STLINESS, noun The appearance and manner of a priest.

Priestly

PRIE'STLY, adjective Pertaining to a priest or to priests; sacerdotal; as the priestly office.

2. Becoming a priest; as priestly sobriety and purity of life.

Priestridden

PRIE'STRIDDEN, adjective [priest and ridden. See Ride.] Managed or governed by priests.

Swift.

Prieve

PRIEVE, for prove.

Spenser.

Prig

PRIG, noun [German frech, bold, saucy, impudent.]

1. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmatical fellow.

Addison. Swift.

2. A thief.

Prig

PRIG, verb intransitive To haggle about the price of a commodity. Obs.

Ramsay's Poems.

Prig

PRIG, verb transitive To filch or steal.

Prill

PRILL, noun A birt or turbot.

Ainsworth.

Prim

PRIM, adjective [Russian primo or priamo, in a right line, directly; priamei, straight, direct, true, just. See Prime.]

Properly, straight; erect; hence, formal; precise; affectedly nice.

Swift.

Prim

PRIM, verb transitive To deck with great nicety; to form with affected preciseness.

Primacy

PRI'MACY, noun [Italian primazia; French primatie; Spanish primacia; from Latin primatus, from primus, first. See Prime.]

1. The chief ecclesiastical station or dignity; the office or dignity of an archbishop.

Clarendon.

2. Excellency; supremacy.

Barrow.

Primage

PRI'MAGE, noun In commerce, a small duty payable to the master and mariners of a ship.

Encyc.

Primal

PRI'MAL, adjective [See Prime.] First. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Primarily

PRI'MARILY, adverb [from primary.] In the first place; originally; in the first intention. The word emperor primarily signifies a general or military commander in chief. In diseases, the physician is to attend to the part primarily affected.

Primariness

PRI'MARINESS, noun The state of being first in time, in act or intention.

Norris.

Primary

PRI'MARY, adjective [Latin primarius. See Prime.]

1. First in order of time; original; as the church of Christ in its primary institution.

Pearson.

These I call original or primary qualities of body.

Locke.

2. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal. Our ancestors considered the education of youth of primary importance.

3. Elemental; intended to teach youth the first rudiments; as primary schools.

4. Radical; original; as the primary sense of a word.

Primary planets, are those which revolve about the sun, in distinction from the secondary planets, which revolve about the primary.

Primary qualities of bodies, are such as are original and inseparable from them.

Primate

PRI'MATE, noun [Italian primato; French primat; Low Latin primas. See Prime.]

The chief ecclesiastic in the church; an archbishop.

Encyc. Swift.

Primateship

PRI'MATESHIP, noun The office or dignity of an archbishop.

Primatial

PRIMA'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to a primate.

D'Anville, Trans.

Primatical

PRIMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a primate.

Barrow.

Prime

PRIME, adjective [Latin primus; Saxon Gothic frum, beginning, origin; Gothic frumist, first; Danish frem, forward, straight on; fremmer, to forward or promote; Swedish fram, fr?mja; Welsh priv, first; priviaw, to grow up, to increase, to prosper; Irish priomh, first, and reamain, beginning. See Class Rm. No. 3. 7. 9.]

1. First in order of time; original; as prime fathers; prime creation.

Shak.

In this sense, the use of the word is nearly superseded by primitive, except in the phrase, prime cost.

2. First in rank, degree or dignity; as prime minister.

3. First in excellence; as prime wheat; cloth of a prime quality. Humility and resignation are prime virtues.

Dryden.

4. Early; blooming.

His starry helm unbuckl'd, showed him prime

In manhood, where youth ended.

Milton.

5. First in value or importance.

Prime number, in arithmetic, a number which is divisible only by unity, as 5. 7. 11.

Encyc.

Prime figure, in geometry, a figure which cannot be divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a pyramid, &c.

Prime

PRIME, noun The first opening of day; the dawn; the morning.

Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime.

Spenser.

The sweet hour of prime.

Milton.

2. The beginning; the early days.

In the very prime of the world.

Hooker.

3. The spring of the year.

Hope waits upon the flowery prime.

Waller.

4. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength or beauty.

That crop the golden prime of this sweet prince.

Shak.

The prime of youth.

Dryden.

5. The best part.

Give him always of the prime.

Swift.

6. The utmost perfection.

The plantsÃ‚--would have been all in prime.

Woodward.

7. In the Romish church, the first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds.

Encyc.

8. In fencing, the first of the chief guards.

Encyc.

9. In chimistry, primes are numbers employed, in conformity with the doctrine of definite proportions, to express the ratios in which bodies enter into combination. Primes duly arranged in a table, constitute a scale of chimical equivalents. They also express the ratios of the weights of atoms, according to the atomic theory.

Prime of the moon, the new moon, when it first appears after the change.

Encyc.

Prime vertical, the vertical circle which passes through the poles of the meridian, or the east and west points of the horizon. Dials projected on the plane of this circle, are called prime vertical or north and south dials.

Encyc.

Prime

PRIME, verb transitive To put powder in the pan of a musket or other fire-arm; or to lay a train of powder for communicating fire to a charge.

Encyc.

2. To lay on the first color in painting.

Encyc.

Prime

PRIME, verb intransitive To serve for the charge of a gun.

Beaum.

Primed

PRI'MED, participle passive Having powder in the pan; having the first color in painting.

Primely

PRI'MELY, adverb At first; originally; primarily.

South.

2. Most excellently.

Primeness

PRI'MENESS, noun The state of being first.

2. Supreme excellence. [Little used in either sense.]

Primer

PRI'MER, adjective First; original. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Primer

PRIM'ER, noun A small prayer book for church service, or an office of the virgin Mary.

2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read.

Primer-Fine

PRIMER-FI'NE, noun In England, a fine due to the king on the writ or commencement of a suit by fine.

Blackstone.

Primero

PRIME'RO, noun A game at cards. [Spanish]

Primer-Seizin

PRIMER-SE'IZIN, noun [prime and seizin.] In feudal law, the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; abolished by 12 Car. 2.

Encyc.

Primeval

PRIME'VAL, adjective [Latin primus, first, and oevum, age; primoevus.]

Original; primitive; as the primeval innocence of man; primeval day.

Blackmore.

Primevous

PRIME'VOUS, adjective Primeval.

Primigenial

PRIMIGE'NIAL, adjective [Latin primigenius; primus, first, and genus, kind, or gignor, to beget.] First born; original; primary.

Bp. Hall.

Primigenous

PRIMIG'ENOUS, adjective [supra.] First formed or generated; original; as semi-primigenous strata.

Kirwan.

Priming

PRI'MING, participle of the present tense Putting powder in the pan of a fire-arm.

2. Laying on the first color.

Priming

PRI'MING, noun The powder in the pan of a gun, or laid along the channel of a cannon for conveying fire to the charge.

2. Among painters, the first color laid on canvas or on a building, &c.

Priming-Wire

PRI'MING-WIRE, noun A pointed wire, used to penetrate the vent of a piece, for examining the powder of the charge or for piercing the cartridge.

Encyc.

Primipilar

PRIMIP'ILAR, adjective [Latin primipilus, the centurion of the first cohort of a Roman legion.]

Pertaining to the captain of the vanguard.

Barrow.

Primitial

PRIMI'TIAL, adjective Being of the first production.

Ainsworth.

Primitive

PRIM'ITIVE, adjective [Italian primitivo; French primitif; Latin primitivus; from primus, first.]

1. Pertaining to the beginning or origin; original; first; as the primitive state of Adam; primitive innocence; primitive ages; the primitive church; the primitive christian church or institutions; the primitive fathers.

White. Tillotson.

2. Formal; affectedly solemn; imitating the supposed gravity of old times.

Johnson.

3. Original; primary; radical; not derived; as a primitive verb in grammar.

Primitive rocks, in geology, rocks supposed to be first formed, being irregularly crystalized, and aggregated without a cement, and containing no organic remains; as granite, gneiss, &c.

Primitive

PRIM'ITIVE, noun An original word; a word not derived from another.

Primitively

PRIM'ITIVELY, adverb Originally; at first.

Brown.

2. Primarily; not derivatively.

3. According to the original rule or ancient practice.

South.

Primitiveness

PRIM'ITIVENESS, noun State of being original; antiquity; conformity to antiquity.

Johnson.

Primity

PRIM'ITY, noun The state of being original. [Not used.]

Pearson.

Primness

PRIM'NESS, noun [from prim.] Affected formality or niceness; stiffness; preciseness.

Primogenial

PRIMOGE'NIAL, adjective [Latin primigenius. See Primigenial.]

First born, made or generated; original; primary; constituent; elemental; as primogenial light; primogenial bodies.

Boyle.

Primogenitor

PRIMOGEN'ITOR, noun [Latin primus, first, and genitor, father.] The first father or forefather.

Gayton.

Primogeniture

PRIMOGEN'ITURE, noun [Latin primus, first, and genitus, begotten.]

1. The state of being born first of the same parents; seniority by birth among children.

2. In law, the right which belongs to the eldest son or daughter. Thus in Great Britain, the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family, the eldest son of the king is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. Among the females, the crown descends by right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue.

Blackstone.

Before the revolution, primogeniture, in some of the American colonies, entitled the eldest son to a double portion of his father's estate, but this right has been abolished.

Primogenitureship

PRIMOGEN'ITURESHIP, noun The right of eldership.

Primordial

PRIMOR'DIAL, adjective [French from Latin primordialis, primordium; primus, first, and ordo, order.]

First in order; original; existing from the beginning.

Boyle.

Primordial

PRIMOR'DIAL, noun Origin; first principle or element.

More.

Primordian

PRIMOR'DIAN, noun A kind of plum.

Primordiate

PRIMOR'DIATE, adjective [See Primordial.] Original; existing from the first.

Boyle.

Primp

PRIMP, verb intransitive To be formal or affected. [Not English, or local.]

Primrose

PRIM'ROSE, n. s as z. [Latin primula veris; primus, first; and rose; literally, the first or an early rose in spring.]

A plant of the genus Primula, of several varieties, as the white, the red, the yellow flowered, the cowslip, &c. Shakspeare uses the word for gay or flowery; as the primrose way.

Primy

PRI'MY, adjective Blooming. [Not used.]

Shak.

Prince

PRINCE, n. prins. [French id.; Italian Spanish principe; Latin priceps; Dutch prins; German prinz; Armoric prinÃƒ-§. This word is probably compounded of primus, corrupted, as the Greek, and ceps, head, French chef; or perhaps of the Celtic breen, summit, whence Welsh

brenin, king, an exalted one, and ceps. Hence Brennus, the name of a celebrated Gaulish commander. In Pers. barin signifies lofty, or one elevated in place or office.]

1. In a general sense, a sovereign; the chief and independent ruler of a nation or state. Thus when we speak of the princes of Europe, we include emperors and kings. Hence, a chief in general; as a prince of the celestial host.

Milton.

2. A sovereign in a certain territory; one who has the government of a particular state or territory, but holds of a superior to whom he owes certain services; as the princes of the German states.

3. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as princes of the blood. In England, the eldest son of the king is created prince of Wales.

Encyc.

4. The chief of any body of men.

Peacham.

5. A chief or ruler of either sex. Queen Elizabeth is called by Camden prince, but this application is unusual and harsh.

Prince of the senate, in ancient Rome, was the person first called in the roll of senators. He was always of consular and censorian dignity.

Encyc.

In Scripture, this name prince is given to God, Danish viii; to Christ, who is called the prince of peace, Isaiah 9. and the prince of life, Acts 3.; to the chief of the priests, the prince of the sanctuary, Isaiah 43.; to the Roman emperor, Danish ix.; to men of superior worth and excellence, Ecclesiastes 10.; to nobles, counselors and officers of a kingdom, Isaiah 10.; to the chief men of families or tribes, Numbers 17.; to Satan, who is called the prince of this world, John 12. and prince of the power of the air, Ephesians 2.

Prince

PRINCE, verb intransitive To play the prince; to take state.

Shak.

Princedom

PRINCEDOM, n. prins'dom. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank or estate of a prince.

Under thee, as head supreme,

Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce.

Milton.

Princelike

PRINCELIKE, a. prins'like Becoming a prince.

Shak.

Princeliness

PRINCELINESS, n. prins'liness. [from princely.]

The state, manner or dignity of a prince.

Sherwood.

Princely

PRINCELY, a. prins'ly. Resembling a prince; having the appearance of one high born; stately; dignified; as a princely gentleman; a princely youth.

Shak.

2. Having the rank of princes; as a man of princely birth; a princely dame.

Sidney. Waller.

3. Becoming a prince; royal; grand; august; as a princely gift; princely virtues.

Shak. Waller.

4. Very large; as a princely fortune.

5. Magnificent; rich; as a princely entertainment.

Princely

PRINCELY, adv. prins'ly. In a princelike manner.

Johnson.

Princes-Fether

PRINCES'-FETHER, noun A plant of the genus Amaranthus.

Fam. of Plants.

Prince's metal, a mixture of copper and zink, in imitation of gold.

Encyc.

Prin Cess

PRIN CESS, noun A female sovereign, as an empress or queen.

Dryden.

2. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a queen.

Johnson.

3. The daughter of a king.

Shak.

4. The consort of a prince; as the princess of Wales.

Principal

PRIN'CIPAL, adjective [French from Latin principalis, from princeps.]

1. Chief; highest in rank, character or respectability; as the principal officers of a government; the principal men of a city, town or state. Acts 25:1 Chronicles 24.

2. Chief; most important or considerable; as the principal topics of debate; the principal arguments in a case; the principal points of law; the principal beams of a building; the principal productions of a country.

Wisdom is the principal thing. Proverbs 4.

3. In law, a principal challenge, is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie evidence of partiality, favor or malice.

Blackstone.

4. In music, fundamental.

Principal

PRIN'CIPAL, noun A chief or head; one who takes the lead; as the principal of a faction, an insurrection or mutiny.

2. The president, governor, or chief in authority. We apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy or seminary of learning.

3. In law, the actor or absolute perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. A principal in the first degree, is the absolute perpetrator of the crime; a principal in the second degree, is one who is present, aiding and abetting the fact to be done; distinguished from an accessory. In treason, all persons concerned are principals.

Blackstone.

4. In commerce, a capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; so called in distinction from interest or profits.

Taxes must be continued, because we have no other means for paying off the principal.

Swift.

5. One primarily engaged; a chief party; in distinction from an auxiliary.

We were not principals, but auxiliaries in the war.

Swift.

Principality

PRINCIPAL'ITY, noun [French principalitÃƒ-©.]

1. Sovereignty; supreme power.

Sidney. Spenser.

2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. Titus ~~.

Milton.

3. The territory of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as the principality of Wales.

4. Superiority; predominance. [Little used.]

Taylor.

5. In Scripture, royal state or attire. Jeremiah 13.

Principally

PRIN'CIPALLY, adverb Chiefly; above all.

They mistake the nature of criticism, who think its business is principally to find fault.

Dryden.

Principalness

PRIN'CIPALNESS, noun The state of being principal or chief.

Principate

PRIN'CIPATE, noun Principality; supreme rule.

Barrow.

Principia

PRINCIP'IA, n. plu. [Latin principium.] First principles.

Ash.

Principiation

PRINCIPIA'TION, noun [from Latin principium.] Analysis into constituent or elemental parts. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Principle

PRIN'CIPLE, noun [Italian principio; French principe; Latin principium, beginning.]

1. In a general sense, the cause, source or origin of any thing; that from which a thing proceeds; as the principle of motion; the principles of action.

Dryden.

2. Element; constituent part; primordial substance.

Modern philosophers suppose matter to be one simple principle, or solid extension diversified by its various shapes.

Watts.

3. Being that produces any thing; operative cause.

The soul of man is an active principle.

Tillotson.

4. In science, a truth admitted either without proof, or considered as having been before proved. In the former sense, it is synonymous with axiom; in the latter, with the phrase, established principle.

5. Ground; foundation; that which supports an assertion, an action, or a series of actions or of reasoning. On what principle can this be affirmed or denied? He justifies his proceedings on the principle of expedience or necessity. He reasons on sound principles.

6. A general truth; a law comprehending many subordinate truths; as the principles of morality, of law, of government, &c.

7. Tenet; that which is believed, whether truth or not, but which serves as a rule of action or the basis of a system; as the principles of the Stoics, or of the Epicureans.

8. A principle of human nature, is a law of action in human beings; a constitutional propensity common to the human species. Thus it is a principle of human nature to resent injuries and repel insults.

Principle

PRIN'CIPLE, verb transitive To establish or fix in tenets; to impress with any tenet, good or ill; chiefly used in the participle.

Men have been principled with an opinion, that they must not consult reason in things of religion.

Locke.

2. To establish firmly in the mind.

Locke.

Principled

PRIN'CIPLED, participle passive Established in opinion or in tenets; firmly fixed in the mind.

Princock

PRIN'COCK, or PRIN'COX, noun [Qu. prink or prim and cock.] A coxcomb; a conceited person; a pert young rogue; a ludicrous word. [Little used.]

Shak.

Prink

PRINK, verb intransitive [Dutch pronken, to shine, to make a show, to strut; German prangen, to shine, to make a show; prunken, id.; Danish prunker, to make a show, to strut; Swedish prunka, to make a figure. If n is casual, these words are radically the same as Swedish prackt, Danish Dutch pragt, German pracht, pomp, show, and all coinciding in origin with Arabic baraka, to shine, to adorn. See Prance and Prank.]

1. To prank; to dress for show.

2. To strut; to put on stately airs.

Print

PRINT, verb transitive [Welsh printiaw, to print; French imprimer, empreinte; Spanish imprimir; Italian imprimere; from Latin imprimo; in and premo, to press; Italian improntare, to print, to importune, and this from prontare, to importune, [that is, to press,] from pronto, ready, hold, Latin promptus, that is, pressed or pressing forward. In Welsh print is said by Owen to be from rhint, a groove or notch, and if this is the original word, print must be a different word from the French imprimer. The Italian unites the Latin premo and promo.]

1. In general, to take or form letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material by impression. Thus letters are taken on paper by impressing it on types blackened with ink. Figures are printed on cloth by means of blocks or a cylinder. The rolling press is employed to take prints on impressions from copper-plates. Thus we say, to print books, to print calico, to print tunes, music, likenesses, &c.

2. To mark by pressing one thing on another.

On his fiery steed betimes he rode,

That scarcely prints the turf on which he trod.

Dryden.

3. To impress any thing so as to leave its form.

Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clayÃ‚--

Roscommon.

4. To form by impression.

Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh, nor print any marks upon you. Leviticus 19.

Print

PRINT, verb intransitive To use or practice the art of typography, or of taking impressions of letters, figures and the like.

2. To publish a book. [Elliptical.]

From the moment he prints, he must expect to hear no more of truth.

Pope.

Print

PRINT, noun A mark made by impression; any line, character, figure or indentation of any form, made by the pressure of one body or thing on another; as the print of the tooth or of the nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or snow; the print of a wheel; the print of types on paper. Hence,

2. The impressions of types in general, as to form, size, &c.; as a small print; a large print; a fair print.

3. That which impresses its form on any thing; as a butter print; a wooden print.

4. The representation or figure of any thing; made by impression; as the print of the face; the print of a temple; prints of antiquities.

Dryden.

5. The state of being printed and published. Diffidence sometimes prevents a man from suffering his works to appear in print.

I love a ballad in print.

Shak.

6. A single sheet printed for sale; a newspaper.

The prints, about three days after, were filled with the same terms.

Addison.

7. Formal method. [Not in use.]

Locke.

Out of print, a phrase which signifies that, of a printed and published work, there are no copies for sale, or none for sale by the publisher.

Printed

PRINT'ED, participle passive Impressed; indented.

Printer

PRINT'ER, noun One that prints books, pamphlets or papers.

3. One that stains or prints cloth with figures, as calico.

3. One that impresses letters or figures with copper-plates.

Printing

PRINT'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing letters, characters or figures on any thing; making marks or indentations.

Printing

PRINT'ING, noun The art or practice of impressing letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material; the business of a printer; typography.

Printing-Ink

PRINT'ING-INK, noun Ink used by printers of books.

Printing-Paper

PRINT'ING-PAPER, noun Paper to be used in the printing of books, pamphlets, &c.; as distinguished from writing-paper, press-paper, wrapping-paper, &c.

Printing-Press

PRINT'ING-PRESS, noun A press for the printing of books, &c.

Printless

PRINT'LESS, adjective That leaves no print or impression; as printless feet.

Milton.

Prior

PRI'OR, adjective [Latin comp. Probably the first syllable is contracted from pris, prid, or some other word, for the Latin has prisce, pristinus.]

Preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior; as a prior discovery; prior obligation. The discovery of the continent of America by Cabot was six or seven weeks prior to the discovery of it by Columbus. The discovery of the Labrador coast by Cabot was on the 11th of June, 1499; that of the continent by Columbus, was on the first of August of the same year.

Prior

PRI'OR, noun [French prieur; Italian priore; Latin prior.]

1. The superior of a convent of monks, or one next in dignity to an abbot. Priors are claustral or conventical. The conventical are the same as abbots. A claustral prior is one that governs the religious of an abbey or priory in commendam, having his jurisdiction wholly from the abbot.

Encyc.

2. In some churches, one who presides over others in the same churches.

Ayliffe.

Priorate

PRI'ORATE, noun Government by a prior.

Warton.

Prioress

PRI'ORESS, noun A female superior of a convent of nuns.

Dryden.

Priority

PRIOR'ITY, noun The state of being antecedent in time, or of preceding something else; as priority of birth. The priority of Homer or Hesiod has been a subject of dispute.

2. Precedence in place or rank.

Shak.

Priority of debts, is a superior claim to payment, or to payment before others.

Priorly

PRI'ORLY, adverb Antecedently. [A bad word and not used.]

Geddes.

Priorship

PRI'ORSHIP, noun The state or office of prior.

Priory

PRI'ORY, noun A convent of which a prior is the superior; in dignity below an abbey.

Shak.

2. Priories are the churches given to priors in titulum, or by way of title.

Ayliffe.

Prisage

PRI'SAGE, noun [French prise, from priser, to prize or value.]

A right belonging to the crown of England, of taking two tons of wine from every ship importing twenty tons or more; one before and one behind the mast. This by charter of Edward I. was exchanged into a duty of two shillings for every tun imported by merchant strangers, and called butlerage, because paid to the king's butler.

Blackstone.

Priscillianist

PRISCIL'LIANIST, noun In church history, one of a sect so denominated from Priscillian, a Spaniard, bishop of Avila, who practiced magic, maintained the errors of the Manichees, and held it to be lawful to make false oaths in the support of one's cause and interest.

Encyc.

Prism

PRISM, noun [French prisme; Low Latin Spanish Italian prisma; Greek, from, to cut with a saw, to press or strain, Russian pru.]

A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.

Dutch Olmsted.

A prism of glass is one bounded by two equal and parallel triangular ends and three plain and well polished sides which meet in three parallel lines, running from the three angles of one end to the three angles of the other end.

Newton.

Prismatic

PRISMAT'IC, or PRISMAT'ICAL, adjective Resembling a prism; as a prismatic form.

2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as prismatic colors.

3. Pertaining to a prism.

Prismatically

PRISMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the form or manner of a prism.

Boyle.

Prismatoidal

PRISMATOID'AL, adjective [Latin prisma and Greek.] Having a prismatic form.

Ure.

Prismoid

PRIS'MOID, noun [Latin prisma and Greek, form.]

A body that approaches to the form of a prism.

Johnson.

Prismy

PRIS'MY, adjective Pertaining to or like a prism.

Am. Review.

Prison

PRISON, n. priz'n. [French from pris, taken, from prendre, to take, Latin prendo; Spanish prision; Armoric prisoun.]

1. In a general sense, any place of confinement or involuntary restraint; but appropriately, a public building for the confinement or safe custody of debtors and criminals committed by process of law; a jail. Originally, a prison, as Lord Coke observes, was only a place of safe custody; but it is now employed as a place of punishment. We have state-prisons, for the confinement of criminals by way of punishment.

2. Any place of confinement or restraint.

The tyrant AEolus,

With power imperial curbs the struggling winds,

And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.

Dryden.

3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflicted condition. Ecclesiastes 4.

4. The cave where David was confined. Psalm 142.

5. A state of spiritual bondage. Isaiah 42.

Prison

PRIS'ON, verb transitive To shut up in a prison; to confine; to restrain from liberty.

2. To confine in any manner.

Shak.

3. To captivate; to enchain.

Milton.

[This word is proper, but imprison is more commonly used.]

Prison-Base

PRIS'ON-BASE, noun A kind of rural sports; commonly called prison-bars.

Sandys.

Prisoned

PRIS'ONED, participle passive Imprisoned; confined; restrained.

Prisoner

PRIS'ONER, noun One who is confined in a prison by legal arrest or warrant.

2. A person under arrest or in custody of the sherif, whether in prison or not; as a prisoner at the bar of a court.

3. A captive; one taken by an enemy in war.

4. One whose liberty is restrained, as a bird in a cage.

Prison-House

PRIS'ON-HOUSE, noun A house in which prisoners are confined; a jail. Judges 16.

Shak.

Prisoning

PRIS'ONING, participle of the present tense Confining; imprisoning.

Prisonment

PRIS'ONMENT, noun Confinement in a prison; imprisonment.

[The latter is commonly used.]

Shak.

Pristine

PRIS'TINE, adjective [Latin pristinus. See Prior and proe.]

First; original; primitive; as the pristine state of innocence; the pristine manners of a people; the pristine constitution of things.

Newton.

Prithee

PRITH'EE, a corruption of pray thee, as I prithee; but it is generally used without the pronoun, prithee.

Privacy

PRI'VACY, noun [from private.] A state of being in retirement from the company or observation of others; secrecy.

2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; retirement.

Her sacred privacies all open lie.

Rowe.

3. Privity. [Not used.] [See Privity.]

Arbuthnot.

4. Taciturnity. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

5. Secrecy; concealment of what is said or done.

Privado

PRIVA'DO, noun [Spanish] A secret friend. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Private

PRI'VATE, adjective [Latin privatus, from privo, to bereave, properly to strip or separate; privus, singular, several, peculiar to one's self, that is, separate; Italian privare, Spanish privar, French priver, to deprive. Privo is probably from the root of bereave, Saxon bereafian or gereafian, from reafian, to strip, to spoil, Latin rapio, diripio, eripio; privo for perivo or berivo; Welsh rhaib, a snatching; rheibiaw, to snatch. See Rip, Reap and Strip.]

1. Properly, separate; unconnected with others; hence, peculiar to one's self; belonging to or concerning an individual only; as a man's private opinion, business or concerns; private property; the king's private purse; a man's private expenses. Charge the money to my private account in the company's books.

2. Peculiar to a number in a joint concern, to a company or body politic; as the private interest of a family, of a company or of a state; opposed to public, or to the general interest of nations.

3. Sequestered from company or observation; secret; secluded; as a private cell; a private room or apartment; private prayer.

4. Not publicly known; not open; as a private negotiation.

5. Not invested with public office or employment; as a private man or citizen; private life.

Shak.

A private person may arrest a felon.

Blackstone.

6. Individual; personal; in contradistinction from public or national; as private interest.

Private way, in law, is a way or passage in which a man has an interest and right, though the ground may belong to another person. In common language, a private way may be a secret way, one not known or public.

A private act or statute, is one which operates on an individual or company only; opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole community.

A private nusance or wrong, is one which affects an individual.

Blackstone.

In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.

Scripture.

Private

PRI'VATE, noun A secret message; particular business. [Unusual.]

Shak. B. Jonson.

2. A common soldier.

Privateer

PRIVATEE'R, noun [from private.] A ship or vessel of war owned and equipped by a private man or by individuals, at their own expense, to seize or plunder the ships of an enemy in war. Such a ship must be licensed or commissioned by government, or it is a pirate.

Privateer

PRIVATEE'R, verb intransitive To cruise in a commissioned private ship against an enemy, for seizing their ships or annoying their commerce.

Privately

PRI'VATELY, adverb In a secret manner; not openly or publicly.

2. In a manner affecting an individual or company. He is not privately benefited.

Privateness

PRI'VATENESS, noun Secrecy; privacy.

Bacon.

2. Retirement; seclusion from company or society.

Wotton.

3. The state of an individual in the rank of common citizens, or not invested with office.

Privation

PRIVA'TION, noun [French from Latin privatio, from privo. See Private.]

1. The state of being deprived; particularly, deprivation or absence of what is necessary for comfort. He endures his privations with wonderful fortitude.

2. The act of removing something possessed; the removal or destruction of any thing or quality. The garrison was compelled by privation to surrender.

For what is this contagious sin of kind

But a privation of that grace within?

Davies.

3. Absence, in general. Darkness is a privation of light.

Encyc.

4. The act of the mind in separating a thing from something appendant.

Johnson.

5. The act of degrading from rank or office.

Bacon.

[But in this sense, deprivation is now used. See Deprivation.]

Privative

PRIV'ATIVE, adjective Causing privation.

2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive. Privative is in things, what negative is in propositions; as privative blessings, safeguard, liberty and integrity.

Taylor.

Privative

PRIV'ATIVE, noun That of which the essence is the absence of something. Blackness and darkness are privatives.

Bacon.

2. In grammar, a prefix to a word which changes its signification and gives it a contrary sense, as a, in Greek; a, unjust; a and; un and in in English, as unwise, inhuman. The word may also be applied to suffixes, as less, in harmless.

Privatively

PRIV'ATIVELY, adverb By the absence of something.

2. Negatively.

The duty of the new covenant is set down first privatively. [Unusual.]

Hammond.

Privativeness

PRIV'ATIVENESS, noun Notation of the absence of something. [Little used.]

Privet

PRIV'ET, noun A plant of the genus Ligustrum. The evergreen privet is of the genus Rhamnus. Mock privet is of the genus Phillyrea.

Fam. of Plants.

Privilege

PRIV'ILEGE, noun [French from Latin privilegium; privus, separate, private, and lex, law; originally a private law, some public act that regarded an individual.]

1. A particular and peculiar benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person, company or society, beyond the common advantages of other citizens. A privilege may be a particular right granted by law or held by custom, or it may be an exemption from some burden to which others are subject. The nobles of Great Britain have the privilege of being triable by their peers only. Members of parliament and of our legislatures have the privilege of exemption from arrests in certain cases. The powers of a banking company are privileges granted by the legislature.

He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman.

Kettlewell.

The privilege of birthright was a double portion.

Locke.

2. Any peculiar benefit or advantage, right or immunity, not common to others of the human race. Thus we speak of national privileges, and civil and political privileges, which we enjoy above other nations. We have ecclesiastical and religious privileges secured to us by our constitutions of government. Personal privileges are attached to the person; as those of embassadors, peers, members of legislatures, &c. Real privileges are attached to place; as the privileges of the king's palace in England.

3. Advantage; favor; benefit.

A nation despicable by its weakness, forfeits even the privilege of being neutral.

Federalist, Hamilton.

Writ of privilege, is a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when arrested in a civil suit.

Blackstone.

Privilege

PRIV'ILEGE, verb transitive To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; as, to privilege representatives from arrest; to privilege the officers and students of a college from military duty.

2. To exempt from censure or danger.

This place doth privilege me.

Daniel.

Privileged

PRIV'ILEGED, participle passive Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right or immunity. The clergy in Great Britain were formerly a privileged body of men. No person is privileged from arrest for indictable crimes.

Privileging

PRIV'ILEGING, participle of the present tense Investing with a peculiar right or immunity.

Privily

PRIV'ILY, adverb [from privy.] Privately; secretly.

Ã‚--False teachers among you, who shall privily bring in damnable heresies. 2 Peter 2.

Privity

PRIV'ITY, noun [French privautÃƒ-©. See Private and Privy.] Privacy; secrecy; confidence.

I will to you, in privity, discover the drift of my purpose. [Little used.]

Spenser.

2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private concern, which is often supposed to imply consent or concurrence.

All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the privity of the prince of Orange.

Swift.

But it is usual to say, ``a thing is done with his privity and consent;' in which phrase, privity signifies merely private knowledge.

3. Privities, in the plural, secret parts; the parts which modesty requires to be concealed.

Privy

PRIV'Y, adjective [French privÃƒ-©; Latin privus. See Private.]

1. Private; pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private uses; not public; as the privy purse; the privy coffer of a king.

Blackstone.

2. Secret; clandestine; not open or public; as a privy attempt to kill one.

3. Private; appropriated to retirement; not shown; not open for the admission of company; as a privy chamber. Ezekiel 21.

4. Privately knowing; admitted to the participation of knowledge with another of a secret transaction.

He would rather lose half of his kingdom than be privy to such a secret.

Swift.

Myself am one made privy to the plot.

Shak.

His wife also being privy to it. Acts 5.

5. Admitted to secrets of state. The privy council of a king consists of a number of distinguished persons selected by him to advise him in the administration of the government.

Blackstone.

A privy verdict, is one given to the judge out of court, which is of no force unless afterward affirmed by a public verdict in court.

Blackstone.

Privy

PRIV'Y, noun In law, a partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; as a privy in blood. Privies are of four kinds; privies in blood, as the heir to his father; privies in representation, as executors and administrators to the deceased; privies in estate, as he in reversion and he in remainder; donor and donee; lessor and lessee; privy in tenure, as the lord in escheat.

Encyc.

2. A necessary house.

Privy chamber, in Great Britain, the private apartment in a royal residence or mansion. Gentlemen of the privy chamber are servants of the king, who are to wait and attend on him and the queen at court, in their diversions, &c. They are forty eight in number, under the lord chamberlain.

Encyc.

Privy-Counselor

PRIVY-COUN'SELOR, noun A member of the privy council.

Privy-counselors are made by the king's nomination without patent or grant.

Blackstone.

Privy-Seal

PRIV'Y-SEAL, or PRIVY-SIG'NET, noun In England, the seal which the king uses previously in grants, &c. which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in matters of subordinate consequence, which do not require the great seal.

2. Privy-seal, is used elliptically for the principal secretary of state, or person entrusted with the privy-seal.

The king's sign manual is the warrant to the privy-seal, who makes out a writ or warrant thereon to the chancery. The sign manual is the warrant to the privy-seal, and the privy-seal is the warrant to the great seal.

Blackstone.

Prize

PRIZE, noun [French prise, from pris, taken; Spanish Portugese presa; German preis; Dutch prys; Danish priis; Swedish pris. See Praise and Price.] Literally, that which is taken; hence,

1. That which is taken from an enemy in war; any species of goods or property seized by force as spoil or plunder; or that which is taken in combat, particularly a ship. A privateer takes an enemy's ship as a prize. They make prize of all the property of the enemy.

2. That which is taken from another; that which is deemed a valuable acquisition.

Then prostrate falls, and begs with ardent eyes,

Soon to obtain and long possess the prize.

Pope.

3. That which is obtained or offered as the reward of contest.

Ã‚--I will never wrestle for prize.

Shak.

I fought and conquer'd, yet have lost the prize.

Dryden.

4. The reward gained by any performance.

Dryden.

5. In colloquial language, any valuable thing gained.

6. The money drawn by a lottery ticket; opposed to blank.

Prize

PRIZE, verb transitive [French priser, from prix, price, Latin pretium; Italian apprezzare; French apprecier. English analogy requires that the compound should be conformed to the orthography of this word, and written apprize.]

1. To set or estimate the value of; to rate; as, to prize the goods specified in an invoice.

Life I prize not a straw.

Shak.

2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem.

I prize your person, but your crown disdain.

Dryden.

Prized

PRI'ZED, participle passive Rated; valued; esteemed.

Prize-Fighter

PRI'ZE-FIGHTER, noun One that fights publicly for a reward.

Pope.

Prizer

PRI'ZER, noun One that estimates or sets the value of a thing.

Shak.

Prizing

PRI'ZING, participle of the present tense Rating; valuing; esteeming.

Pro

PRO, a Latin and Greek preposition, signifying for, before, forth, is probably contracted from prod, coinciding with Italian proda, a prow, prode, brave; having the primary sense of moving forward. See Prodigal. In the phrase, pro and con, that is, pro and contra, it answers to the English for; for and against.

Prior.

In composition, pro denotes fore, forth, forward.

Proa

PRO'A, noun Flying proa, a vessel used in the south seas, with the head and stern exactly alike, but with the sides differently formed. That which is intended for the lee side is flat, the other rounding. To prevent oversetting, the vessel is furnished with a frame extended from the windward side, called an out-rigger.

Encyc.

Probability

PROBABIL'ITY, noun [French probabilitÃƒ-©; Latin probabilitas. See Probable.]

1. Likelihood; appearance of truth; that state of a case or question of fact which results from superior evidence or preponderation of argument on one side, inclining the mind to receive it as the truth, but leaving some room for doubt. It therefore falls short of moral certainty, but produces what is called opinion.

Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not constant, but appears for the most part to be so.

Locke.

Demonstration produces science or certain knowledge; proof produces belief, and probability opinion.

Encyc.

2. Any thing that has the appearance of reality or truth. In this sense, the word admits of the plural number.

The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and balancing of probabilities.

Buckminster.

Probable

PROB'ABLE, adjective [French from Latin probabilis, from probo, to prove. See Prove.]

1. Likely; having more evidence than the contrary, or evidence which inclines the mind to belief, but leaves some room for doubt.

That is accounted probable, which has better arguments producible for it than can be brought against it.

South.

I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I have before asserted them to be morally certain.

Wilkins.

2. That renders something probable; as probable evidence, or probable presumption.

Blackstone.

3. That may be proved. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Probably

PROB'ABLY, adverb Likely; in likelihood; with the appearance of truth or reality; as, the story is probably true; the account is probably correct.

Distinguish between what may possibly, and what will probably be done.

L'Estrange.

Probang

PRO'BANG, noun [See Probe.] In surgery, an instrument of whalebone and spunge, for removing obstructions in the throat or esophagus.

Coxe.

A flexible piece of whalebone, with spunge fixed to the end.

Parr.

Probate

PRO'BATE, noun [Latin probatus, probo, to prove.]

1. The probate of a will or testament is the proving of its genuineness and validity, or the exhibition of the will to the proper officer, with the witnesses if necessary, and the process of determining its validity, and the registry of it, and such other proceedings as the laws prescribe, as preliminary to the execution of it by the executor.

2. The right or jurisdiction of proving wills. In England, the spiritual court has the probate of wills. In the United States, the probate of wills belongs to a court of civil jurisdiction established by law, usually to a single judge, called a judge of probate, or a surrogate.

3. Proof. [Not used.]

Skelton.

Probation

PROBA'TION, noun [Latin probatio.] The act of proving; proof.

Wilkins. Locke.

2. Trial; examination; any proceeding designed to ascertain truth; in universities, the examination of a student, as to his qualifications for a degree.

3. In a monastic sense, trial or the year of novitiate, which a person must pass in a convent, to prove his virtue and his ability to bear the severities of the rule.

Encyc.

4. Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character and being qualified for a happier state.

Probation will end with the present life.

Nelson.

5. In America, the trial of a clergyman's qualifications as a minister of the gospel, preparatory to his settlement. We say, a man is preaching on probation.

6. In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory evidence, or the time of trial.

Probational

PROBA'TIONAL, adjective Serving for trial.

Bp. Richardson.

Probationary

PROBA'TIONARY, adjective Serving for trial.

All the probationary work of man is ended when death arrives.

Dwight.

Probationer

PROBA'TIONER, noun One who is on trial, or in a state to give proof of certain qualifications for a place or state.

While yet a young probationer,

And candidate for heaven.

Dryden.

2. A novice.

Decay of Piety.

3. In Scotland, a student in divinity, who, producing a certificate of a professor in an university of his good morals and qualifications, is admitted to several trials, and on acquitting himself well, is licensed to preach.

Encyc.

Probationership

PROBA'TIONERSHIP, noun The state of being a probationer; novitiate. [Little used.]

Locke.

Probationship

PROBA'TIONSHIP, noun A state of probation; novitiate; probation. [Little used and unnecessary.]

Probative

PRO'BATIVE, adjective Serving for trial or proof.

South.

Probator

PROBA'TOR, noun [Latin] An examiner; an approver.

Maydman.

2. In law, an accuser.

Cowel.

Probatory

PRO'BATORY, adjective Serving for trial.

Bramhall.

2. Serving for proof.

Bp. Taylor.

3. Relating to proof.

Quintilian, Trans.

Probatum est, [Latin it is proved,] an expression subjoined to a receipt for the cure of a disease, denoting that it has been tried or proved.

Probe

PROBE, noun [from Latin probo; French eprouvette, a probe; German probe, proof; Russian probivayu, to pierce. The primary sense is to thrust, to drive, from straining, exertion of force.]

A surgeon's instrument for examining the depth or other circumstances of a wound, ulcer or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, or for searching for stones in the bladder and the like.

Encyc. Parr.

Probe

PROBE, verb transitive To examine a wound, ulcer or some cavity of the body, by the use of an instrument thrust into the part.

South.

2. To search to the bottom; to scrutinize; to examine thoroughly into causes and circumstances.

Probe-Scissors

PRO'BE-SCISSORS, noun Scissors used to open wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button at the end.

Wiseman.

Probity

PROB'ITY, noun [Latin probitas, from probo, to prove; Italian probitÃƒ- ; French probitÃƒ-©.]

Primarily, tried virtue or integrity, or approved actions; but in general, strict honesty; sincerity; veracity; integrity in principle, or strict conformity of actions to the laws of justice. Probity of mind or principle is best evinced by probity of conduct in social dealings, particularly in adhering to strict integrity in the observance and performance of rights called imperfect, which public laws do not reach and cannot enforce.

Problem

PROB'LEM, noun [French probleme; Latin Italian Spanish problema; Greek, from, to throw forward; and, to throw, Latin pello.] A question proposed.

1. In logic, a proposition that appears neither absolutely true nor false, and consequently may be asserted either in the affirmative or negative.

2. In geometry, a proposition in which some operation or construction is required, as to divide a line or an angle, to let fall a perpendicular, &c.

Encyc.

3. In general, any question involving doubt or uncertainty, and requiring some operation, experiment or further evidence for its solution.

The problem is, whether a strong and constant belief that a thing will be, helps any thing to the effecting of the thing.

Bacon.

Problematical

PROBLEMAT'ICAL, adjective Questionable; uncertain; unsettled; disputable; doubtful.

Diligent inquiries into problematical guilt, leave a gate wide open to informers.

Swift.

Problematically

PROBLEMAT'ICALLY, adverb Doubtfully; dubiously; uncertainly.

Problematize

PROB'LEMATIZE, verb transitive To propose problems. [Ill formed and not used.]

B. Jonson.

Proboscis

PROBOS'CIS, noun [Latin from the Greek; before, and, to feed or graze.]

The snout or trunk of an elephant and of other animals, particularly of insects. The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular pipe or canal of about 8 feet in length, and is properly the extension of the nose. This is the instrument with which he takes food and carries it to his mouth. The proboscis of insects is used to suck blood from animals, or juice from plants.

Procacious

PROCA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin procax; pro, forward, and perhaps the root of Italian cacciare, Spanish cazar, to chase, that is, to push forward.] Pert; petulant; saucy. [Little used.]

Barrow.

Procacity

PROCAC'ITY, noun [Latin procacitas.] Impudence; petulance. [Little used.]

Burton.

Procatarctic

PROCATARC'TIC, adjective [Greek; and, to begin.]

In medicine, pre-existing or predisposing; remote; as procatarctic causes of a disease, in distinction from immediate or exciting causes. Thus heat may be the procatarctic, and extreme fatigue the immediate or exciting cause of a fever.

Procatarxis

PROCATARX'IS, noun [Greek supra.] The predisposing cause of a disease.

Quincy.

Procedure

PROCE'DURE, noun [French See Proceed.] The act of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; series of actions; as the procedure of the soul in certain actions. But it is more generally applied to persons; as, this is a strange procedure in a public body. The motions of physical causes are more generally denominated operations.

2. Manner of proceeding; management; conduct.

South.

3. That which proceeds from something; produce. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Proceed

PROCEE'D, or PROCE'DE, verb intransitive [French Spanish Portugese proceder; Italian procedere; from Latin procedo; pro, forward, and cedo, to move. The more correct orthography is procede, in analogy with precede, concede, recede, procedure.]

1. To move, pass or go forward from one place to another; applied to persons or things. A man proceeds on his journey; a ship proceeds on her voyage.

This word thus used implies that the motion, journey or voyage had been previously commenced, and to proceed is then to renew or continue the motion or progress.

2. To pass from one point, stage or topic to another. The preacher proceeds from one division of his subject, and the advocate from one argument, to another.

3. To issue or come as from a source or fountain. Light proceeds from the sun; vice proceeds from a depraved heart; virtuous affections proceed from God.

4. To come from a person or place. Christ says, ``I proceeded forth and came from God.' John 8.

5. To prosecute any design.

He that proceeds on other principles in his inquiry into any sciences, posts himself in a party.

Locke.

6. To be transacted or carried on.

He will, after his sour fashion, tell you,

What hath proceeded worthy note to-day. [Not now in use.]

Shak.

7. To make progress; to advance.

Milton.

8. To begin and carry on a series of actions or measures. The attorney was at a loss in what manner to proceed against the offender. In this sense, the word is often followed by against.

9. To transact; to act; to carry on methodically.

From them I will not hide

My judgments, how with mankind I proceed.

Milton.

10. To have a course.

This rule only proceeds and takes place, when a person cannot of common law condemn another by his sentence.

Ayliffe.

11. To issue; to be produced or propagated.

From my loins thou shalt proceed.

Milton.

12. To be produced by an effectual cause. All created things proceed from God.

Milton.

Proceeder

PROCEE'DER, noun One who goes forward, or who makes a progress.

Bacon.

Proceeding

PROCEE'DING, participle of the present tense Moving forward; passing on; issuing; transacting; carrying on.

Proceeding

PROCEE'DING, noun Process or movement from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in business; transaction; in the plural, a course of measures or conduct; course of dealing with others. We speak of a legal or an illegal proceeding, a cautious proceeding, a violent proceeding. In the plural, the proceedings of the legislature have been wise and salutary. It is our duty to acquiesce cheerfully in all God's proceedings towards us.

2. In law, the course of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action is denominated proceedings. [See Process.]

Proceeds

PROCEE'DS, n. plu. Issue; rent; produce; as the proceeds of an estate.

2. In commerce, the sum, amount or value of goods sold or converted into money. The consignee was directed to sell the cargo and vest the proceeds in coffee. The proceeds of the goods sold amounted to little more than the prime cost and charges.

Proceleusmatic

PROCELEUSMAT'IC, adjective [Greek; and, mandate, incitement.]

Inciting; animating; encouraging. This epithet is given to a metrical foot in poetry, consisting of four short syllables.

Johnson.

Proception

PROCEP'TION, noun Preoccupation. [Ill formed and not in use.]

K. Charles.

Procerity

PROCER'ITY, noun [Latin proceritas, from procerus, tall.] Tallness; highth of stature. [Little used.]

Addison.

Process

PROC'ESS, noun [French procÃƒ-¨s; Latin processus, from procedo. See Proceed.]

1. A proceeding or moving forward; progressive course; tendency; as the process of man's desire.

Hooker.

2. Proceedings; gradual progress; course; as the process of a war.

Dryden.

3. Operations; experiment; series of actions or experiments; as a chimical process.

4. Series of motions or changes in growth, decay, &c. in physical bodies; as the process of vegetation or of mineralization; the process of decomposition.

5. Course; continual flux or passage; as the process of time.

Milton. Boyle.

6. Methodical management; series of measures or proceedings.

The process of the great dayÃ‚--is described by our Savior.

Nelson.

7. In law, the whole course of proceedings, in a cause, real or personal, civil or criminal, from the original writ to the end of the suit. Original process is the means taken to compel the defendant to appear in court. Mesne process is that which issues, pending the suit, upon some collateral or interlocutory matter. Final process is the process of execution.

Blackstone.

8. In anatomy, any protuberance, eminence or projecting part of a bone.

Encyc. Coxe.

Procession

PROCES'SION, noun [French from Latin processio. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding or issuing.

Pearson.

2. A train of persons walking, or riding on horseback or in vehicles, in a formal march, or moving with ceremonious solemnity; as a procession of clergy and people in the Romish church; a triumphal procession; a funeral procession.

Him all his train

Follow'd in bright procession.

Milton.

Processional

PROCES'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.

Saurin, Trans.

Processional

PROCES'SIONAL, noun A book relating to processions of the Romish church.

Gregory.

Processionary

PROCES'SIONARY, adjective Consisting in procession; as processionary service.

Hooker.

Prochein

PROCHEIN, a. pro'shen. [French prochain; Latin proximus.]

Next; nearest; used in the law phrase, prochein amy, the next friend, any person who undertakes to assist an infant or minor in prosecuting his rights.

Blackstone.

Prochronism

PRO'CHRONISM, noun [Greek, to precede in time; before, and, time.]

An antedating; the dating of an event before the time it happened; hence, an error in chronology.

Gregory.

Procidence

PRO'CIDENCE, noun [Latin procidentia; procido, to fall down.]

A falling down; a prolapsus; as of the intestinum rectum.

Coxe. Parr.

Prociduous

PROCID'UOUS, adjective That falls from its place.

Jones.

Procinct

PROCINCT', noun [Latin procinctus; procingo, to prepare, that is, to gird.]

Complete preparation for action. [Little used.]

Milton.

Proclaim

PROCLA'IM, verb transitive [Latin proclamo; pro and clamo, to cry out. See Claim.]

1. To promulgate; to announce; to publish; as, to proclaim a fast; to proclaim a feast. Leviticus 23:1 Kings 21.

He hath sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives. ls. lxi.

2. To denounce; to give official notice of. Heralds were formerly employed to proclaim war.

3. To declare with honor; as, to proclaim the name of the Lord, that is, to declare his perfections. Exodus 33.

4. To utter openly; to make public. Some profligate wretches openly proclaim their atheism.

Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness. Proverbs 20.

5. To outlaw by public denunciation.

I heard myself proclaimed.

Shak.

Proclaimed

PROCLA'IMED, participle passive Published officially; promulgated; made publicly known.

Proclaimer

PROCLA'IMER, noun One who publishes by authority; one that announces or makes publicly known.

Milton.

Proclaiming

PROCLA'IMING, participle of the present tense Publishing officially; denouncing; promulgating; making publicly known.

Proclamation

PROCLAMA'TION, noun [French from Latin proclamatio, from proclamo.]

1. Publication by authority; official notice given to the public.

King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah. 1 Kings 15.

2. In England, a declaration of the king's will, openly published.

Proclamations are a branch of the king's prerogative, and are binding on the subject.

Encyc.

3. The declaration of any supreme magistrate publicly made known; as the proclamation of the governor appointing a day of thanksgiving.

4. The paper containing an official notice to a people. The sherif receives and distributes the governor's proclamations.

New England.

Proclive

PROCLI'VE, adjective Proclivous. [Not used.]

Proclivity

PROCLIV'ITY, noun [Latin proclivitas, proclivis; pro and clivus, a cliff.]

1. Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency.

The sensitive appetite may engender a proclivity to steal, but not a necessity to steal.

Bp. Hall.

2. Readiness; facility of learning.

He had such a dextrous proclivity, that his teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness.

Wotton.

Proclivous

PROCLI'VOUS, adjective [Latin proclivus, proclivis, supra.]

Inclined; tending by nature.

Dict.

Proconsul

PROCON'SUL, noun [Latin pro, for, and consul.] A Roman magistrate sent to govern a province with consular authority. The proconsuls were appointed from the body of the senate, and their authority expired at the end of a year from their appointment.

Encyc.

Proconsular

PROCON'SULAR, adjective Pertaining to a proconsul; as proconsular powers.

2. Under the government of a proconsul; as a proconsular province.

Proconsulship

PROCON'SULSHIP, noun The office of a proconsul, or the term of his office.

Procrastinate

PROCRAS'TINATE, verb transitive [Latin procrastinor; pro and crastinus; cras, to-morrow.]

To put off from day to day; to delay; to defer to a future time; as, to procrastinate repentance.

Procrastinate

PROCRAS'TINATE, verb intransitive To delay; to be dilatory.

I procrastinate more than I did twenty years ago.

Swift.

Procrastinated

PROCRAS'TINATED, participle passive Delayed; deferred.

Procrastinating

PROCRAS'TINATING, participle of the present tense Delaying; putting off to a future time.

Procrastination

PROCRASTINA'TION, noun [Latin procrastinatio.]

A putting off to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.

Procrastinator

PROCRAS'TINATOR, noun One that defers the performance of any thing to a future time.

Procreant

PRO'CREANT, adjective [Latin procreans. See Procreate.]

Generating; producing; productive; fruitful.

Shak.

Procreate

PRO'CREATE, verb transitive [Latin procreo; pro and creo, to create.]

1. To beget; to generate and produce; to engender; used properly of animals.

Bentley.

2. To produce; used of plants, but hardly allowable.

Blackmore.

Procreated

PRO'CREATED, participle passive Begotten; generated.

Procreating

PRO'CREATING, participle of the present tense Begetting; generating; as young.

Procreation

PROCREA'TION, noun [French from Latin procreatio.]

The act of begetting; generation and production of young.

South.

Procreative

PRO'CREATIVE, adjective Generative; having the power to beget.

Hale.

Procreativeness

PRO'CREATIVENESS, noun The power of generating.

Decay of Piety.

Procreator

PRO'CREATOR, noun One that begets; a generator; a father or sire.

Proctor

PROC'TOR, noun [contracted from Latin procurator, from procuro; pro and curo.]

1. In a general sense, one who is employed to manage the affairs of another.

Hooker.

2. Appropriately, a person employed to manage another's cause in a court of civil or ecclesiastical law, as in the court of admiralty, or in a spiritual court.

Swift.

3. The magistrate of a university.

Walter.

Proctor

PROC'TOR, verb intransitive To manage; a cant word.

Shak.

Proctorage

PROC'TORAGE, noun Management; in contempt.

Milton.

Proctorical

PROCTOR'ICAL, adjective Belonging to the academical proctor; magisterial.

Prideaux.

Proctorship

PROC'TORSHIP, noun The office or dignity of the proctor of a university.

Clarendon.

Procumbent

PROCUM'BENT, adjective [Latin procumbens, procumbo; pro and cubo, to lie down.] Lying down or on the face; prone.

2. In botany, trailing; prostrate; unable to support itself, and therefore lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots; as a procumbent stem.

Martyn.

Procurable

PROCU'RABLE, adjective [from procure.] That may be procured; obtainable.

Boyle.

Procuracy

PRO'CURACY, noun [from Latin procuro.] The management of any thing. [Not used.]

Procuration

PROCURA'TION, noun [Latin procuratio. See Procure.]

1. The act of procuring. [Procurement is generally used.]

2. The management of another's affairs.

3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another.

Encyc.

4. A sum of money paid to the bishop or archdeacon by incumbents, on account of visitations; called also proxy.

Todd.

Procurator

PROC'URATOR, noun The manager of another's affairs. [See Proctor.]

Shak. Taylor.

Procuratorial

PROCURATO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a procurator or proctor; made by a proctor.

Ayliffe.

Procuratorship

PROCURA'TORSHIP, noun The office of a procurator.

Pearson.

Procuratory

PROCU'RATORY, adjective Tending to procuration.

Procure

PROCU'RE, verb transitive [French procurer; Italian procurare; Spanish procurar; Latin procuro; pro and curo, to take care. But the French only has the sense of the English word. In the sense of manage, it is never used.]

1. To get; to gain; to obtain; as by request, loan, effort, labor or purchase. We procure favors by request; we procure money by borrowing; we procure food by cultivating the earth; offices are procured by solicitation or favor; we procure titles to estate by purchase. It is used of things of temporary possession more generally than acquire. We do not say, we acquired favor, we acquired money by borrowing, but we procured.

2. To persuade; to prevail on.

What unaccustom'd cause procures her hither? [Unusual.]

Shak.

3. To cause; to bring about; to effect; to contrive and effect.

Proceed, Salinus, to procure my fall.

Shak.

4. To cause to come on; to bring on.

We no other pains endure

Than those that we ourselves procure.

Dryden.

5. To draw to; to attract; to gain. Modesty procures love and respect.

Procure

PROCU'RE, verb intransitive To pimp.

Dryden.

Procured

PROCU'RED, participle passive Obtained; caused to be done; effected; brought on.

Procurement

PROCU'REMENT, noun The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment.

2. A causing to be effected.

They think it done

By her procurement.

Dryden.

Procurer

PROCU'RER, noun One that procures or obtains; that which brings on or causes to be done.

Walton.

2. A pimp; a pander.

South.

Procuress

PROCU'RESS, noun A bawd.

Spectator.

Procuring

PROCU'RING, participle of the present tense Getting; gaining; obtaining.

2. Causing to come or to be done.

3. adjective That causes to come; bringing on. Sin is the procuring cause of all our woes.

Prodigal

PROD'IGAL, adjective [French prodigue; Spanish Italian prodigo; from Latin prodigus, from prodigo, to drive forth, to lavish. The last component part of the word is ago, to drive; the first I suppose to be prod, the original word, afterward contracted to pro. See Pro. The Welsh bradyn, a prodigal, if from the Latin, is doubtless of the same origin; but Owen deduces this from brad, a breaking, treachery, treason, and this coincides with Danish bryder, to break. See Brittle.]

1. Given to extravagant expenditures; expending money or other things without necessity; profuse; lavish; wasteful; not frugal or economical; as a prodigal man; the prodigal son. A man may be prodigal of his strength, of his health, of his life or blood, as well as of his money.

2. Profuse; lavish; expended to excess or without necessity; as prodigal expenses.

3. Very liberal; profuse. Nature is prodigal of her bounties.

Prodigal

PROD'IGAL, noun One that expends money extravagantly or without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish; a waster; a spendthrift.

Dryden.

Prodigality

PRODIGAL'ITY, noun [French prodigalitÃƒ-©; Italian prodigalitÃƒ- ; Spanish prodigalidad.]

1. Extravagance in the expenditure of what one possesses, particularly of money; profusion; waste; excessive liberality. It is opposed to frugality, economy, and parsimony.

By the Roman law a man of notorious prodigality was treated as non compos.

Encyc.

The most severe censor cannot but be pleased with the prodigality of his wit.

Dryden.

2. Profuse liberality.

Prodigalize

PROD'IGALIZE, verb intransitive To be extravagant in expenditures. [Not used.]

Sherwood.

Prodigally

PROD'IGALLY, adverb With profusion of expenses; extravagantly; lavishly; wastefully; as an estate prodigally dissipated.

2. With liberal abundance; profusely.

Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows,

Our paths with flow'rs she prodigally strows.

Dryden.

Prodigious

PRODIG'IOUS, adjective [Spanish Italian prodigioso; French prodigieux; Latin prodigiosus. See Prodigy.]

1. Very great; huge; enormous in size, quantity, extent, &c.; as a mountain of prodigious size or altitude; a prodigious mass or quantity of water; an ocean or plain of prodigious extent. Hence,

2. Wonderful; astonishing; such as may seem a prodigy; monstrous; portentous.

It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear sky.

Brown.

Prodigious to relate.

Dryden.

Prodigiously

PRODIG'IOUSLY, adverb Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as a number prodigiously great.

Ray.

2. Very much; extremely; in familiar language. He was prodigiously pleased.

Prodigiousness

PRODIG'IOUSNESS, noun Enormousness of size; the state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment.

Hall.

Prodigy

PROD'IGY, noun [Latin prodigium, from prodigo, to shoot out, drive out, properly to spread to a great extent.]

1. Any thing out of the ordinary process of nature, and so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; as a prodigy of learning.

Spectator.

2. Something extraordinary from which omens are drawn; portent. Thus eclipses and meteors were anciently deemed prodigies.

3. A monster; an animal or other production out of the ordinary course of nature.

B. Jonson.

Prodition

PRODI'TION, noun [Latin proditio, from prodo, to betray; supposed to be compounded of pro and do, to give. But in Welsh bradu is to betray.]

Treachery; treason.

Ainsworth.

Proditor

PROD'ITOR, noun [Latin] A traitor. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Proditorious

PRODITO'RIOUS, adjective Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous. [Not in use.]

Daniel.

2. Apt to make discoveries or disclosures. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Proditory

PROD'ITORY, adjective Treacherous; perfidious.

Milton.

Prodrome

PRO'DROME, noun [Greek; and, to run.]

A forerunner. [Not in use.]

Coles.

Produce

PRODU'CE, verb transitive [Latin produco; pro and duco, to lead or draw; Saxon teogan, teon, to tug; Italian producere, produrre; Spanish producir; French produire.]

1. To bring forward; to bring or offer to view or notice; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.

Produce your cause. Isaiah 41.

2. To exhibit to the public.

Your parents did not produce you much into the world.

Swift.

3. To bring forth; to bear; as plants or the soil. Trees produce fruit; the earth produces trees and grass; wheat produces an abundance of food.

4. To bear; to generate and bring forth; as young. The seas produce fish in abundance.

TheyÃ‚--

Produce prodigious births of body or mind.

Milton.

5. To cause; to effect; to bring into existence. Small causes sometimes produce great effects. The clouds produce rain. The painter produces a picture or a landscape. The sculptor produces a statue. Vice produces misery.

6. To raise; to bring into being. The farmer produces grain enough for his family.

7. To make; to bring into being or form. The manufacturer produces excellent wares.

8. To yield or furnish. Money produces interest; capital produces profit. The commerce of the country produces a revenue to government.

9. In general, to bring into existence or into view.

10. To draw out in length; to extend; as a line produced from A to B.

Geometry.

Produce

PROD'UCE, noun That which is produced, brought forth or yielded; product; as the produce of a farm; the produce of trees; the produce of a country; the produce of a manufacture; the produce of the sea; the produce of a tax; the produce of a mine. But when we speak of something formed by an individual artisan or genius, we call it a production.

Produced

PRODU'CED, participle passive Brought into life, being or view; yielded.

Producement

PRODU'CEMENT, noun Production. [Not used.]

Milton.

Producent

PRODU'CENT, noun One that exhibits or offers to view or notice. [Not much used.]

Ayliffe.

Producer

PRODU'CER, noun One that generates; one that produces.

Locke. Suckling.

Producibility

PRODUCIBIL'ITY, noun The power of producing. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Producible

PRODU'CIBLE, adjective [Italian producibile, produttibile.]

1. That may be brought into being; that may be generated or made; as producible salts.

Boyle.

2. That may be brought into view or notice; that may be exhibited.

Hammond.

Producibleness

PRODU'CIBLENESS, noun The state or quality of being producible; as the producibleness of salts.

Boyle.

Producing

PRODU'CING, participle of the present tense Generating; bringing into existence or notice.

Product

PROD'UCT, noun [Latin productus, from produco; French produit.]

1. That which is produced by nature, as fruits, grain, metals; as the product of land; the products of the season.

2. That which is formed or produced by labor or by mental application; as the products of manufactures, of commerce or of art; the products of great and wise men. In the latter sense, production is now generally used.

In general, products comprehends whatever is produced or made; as when we speak of the products of a country exported.

The product of the impost and excise.

Belknap, N. Hamp.

3. Effect; result; something consequential.

These are the product

Of those ill mated marriages.

Milton.

4. In arithmetic, the amount of two or more numbers multiplied. Thus 5Ã‚-£7=35, the product. Product results from multiplication, as sum does from addition.

5. In geometry, the factum of two or more lines.

Productile

PRODUC'TILE, adjective That may be extended in length.

Production

PRODUC'TION, noun [French from Latin productio.]

1. The act or process of producing, bringing forth or exhibiting to view.

2. That which is produced or made; as the productions of the earth, comprehending all vegetables and fruits; the productions of art, as manufactures of every kind, paintings, sculpture, &c.; the productions of intellect or genius, as poems and prose compositions.

Productive

PRODUC'TIVE, adjective [Italian produttivo; Spanish productivo.]

1. Having the power of producing; as, productive labor is that which increases the number or amount of products; opposed to unproductive labor. The labor of the farmer and mechanic is productive; the labor of officers and professional men is unproductive to the state. A tree which bears fruit, and the land which bears grass or grain, is productive.

2. Fertile; producing good crops. We often denote by this word that land or plants yield large products.

3. Producing; bringing into being; causing to exist; efficient; as an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic achievments.

This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it productive of merit.

Spectator.

And kindle with thy own productive fire.

Dryden.

Productiveness

PRODUC'TIVENESS, noun The quality of being productive; as the productiveness of land or labor.

Proem

PRO'EM, noun [French proeme; Italian Spanish proemio; Latin proemium; Greek; before, and, way.]

Preface; introduction; preliminary observations to a book or writing.

Swift. Milton.

Proem

PRO'EM, verb transitive To preface. [Not used.]

South.

Proemial

PROE'MIAL, adjective Introductory; prefatory; preliminary.

Hammond. Johnson.

Proemptosis

PROEMP'TOSIS, noun [Greek from, to fall before.]

In chronology, the lunar equation or addition of a day, necessary to prevent the new moon from happening a day too soon.

Cyc.

Profanation

PROFANA'TION, noun [French; Italian profanazione; Spanish profanacion; from Latin profano. See Profane.]

1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence; as the profanation of the sabbath by sports, amusements or unnecessary labor; the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God by swearing, jesting, &c.

2. The act of treating with abuse or disrespect.

'Twere profanation of our joys

To tell the laity our love.

Donne.

Profane

PROFA'NE, adjective [Latin profanus; pro and fanum, a temple; Italian Spanish profano; French profane.]

1. Irreverent to any thing sacred; applied to persons. A man is profane when he takes the name of God in vain, or treats sacred things with abuse and irreverence.

2. Irreverent; proceeding from a contempt of sacred things, or implying it; as profane words or language; profane swearing.

3. Not sacred; secular; relating to secular things; as profane history.

4. Polluted; not pure.

Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things.

Raleigh.

5. Not purified or holy; allowed for common use; as a profane place. Ezekiel 42 and 48.

6. Obscene; heathenish; tending to bring reproach on religion; as profane fables. 1 Timothy 4.

Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition to holy, or qualified ceremonially for sacred services.

Profane

PROFA'NE, verb transitive To violate any thing sacred, or treat it with abuse, irreverence, obloquy or contempt; as, to profane the name of God; to profane the sabbath; to profane the Scriptures or the ordinances of God.

Dwight.

2. To pollute; to defile; to apply to temporal uses; to use as base or common. Ezekiel 24.

3. To violate. Malachi 2.

4. To pollute; to debase. Leviticus 21.

5. To put to a wrong use.

Shak.

Profaned

PROFA'NED, participle passive Violated; treated with irreverence or abuse; applied to common uses; polluted.

Profanely

PROFA'NELY, adverb With irreverence to sacred things or names.

The character of God profanely impeached.

Dwight.

2. With abuse or contempt for any thing venerable.

That proud scholarÃ‚--speaks of Homer too profanely.

Broome.

Profaneness

PROFA'NENESS, noun Irreverence of sacred things; particularly, the use of language which implies irreverence towards God; the taking of God's name in vain.

Dryden. Atterbury. Dwight.

Profaneness in men is vulgar and odious; in females, is shocking and detestable.

Profaner

PROFA'NER, noun One who by words or actions, treats sacred things with irreverence; one who uses profane language.

2. A polluter; a defiler; as a profaner of the temple.

Hooker.

Profaning

PROFA'NING, participle of the present tense Violating; treating with irreverence; polluting.

Profanity

PROFAN'ITY, noun Profaneness, which see.

In a revel of debauchery, amid the brisk interchange of profanity and folly, religion might appear a dumb, unsocial intruder.

Buckminster.

Profection

PROFEC'TION, noun [Latin profectio.] A going forward; advance; progression. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Profert

PRO'FERT, noun [Latin 3d. person of profero.] In law, the exhibition of a record or paper in open court.

Profess

PROFESS', verb transitive [Italian professare; Spanish profesar; French professer; Latin professus, profiteor; pro and fateor.]

1. To make open declaration of; to avow or acknowledge.

Let no man who professes himself a christian, keep so heathenish a family as not to see God be daily worshipped in it.

Decay of Piety.

They profess that they know God, but in works they deny him. Titus ~~.

2. To declare in strong terms.

Then will I profess to them, I never knew you. Matthew 7.

3. To make a show of any sentiments by loud declaration.

To your professing bosoms I commit him.

Shak.

4. To declare publicly one's skill in any art or science, for inviting employment; as, to profess one's self a physician; he professes surgery.

Profess

PROFESS', verb intransitive To declare friendship. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Professed

PROFESS'ED, or PROFEST', participle passive Openly declared, avowed or acknowledged; as a professed foe; a professed tyrant; a professed christian; a professed atheist.

Professedly

PROFESS'EDLY, adverb By profession; by open declaration or avowal.

I could not grant too much to menÃ‚--professedly my subjects.

K. Charles.

England I traveled over, professedly searching all places as I passed along.

Woodward.

Professing

PROFESS'ING, participle of the present tense Openly declaring; avowing; acknowledging.

Profession

PROFES'SION, noun [French from Latin professio.]

1. Open declaration; public avowal or acknowledgment of one's sentiments or belief; as professions of friendship or sincerity; a profession of faith or religion.

The professions of princes, when a crown is the bait, are a slender security.

Lesley.

The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction between professions and conduct, and their confidence or distrust follows of course.

J. Morse.

2. The business which one professes to understand and to follow for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as the learned professions. We speak of the profession of a clergyman, of a lawyer, and of a physician or surgeon; the profession of lecturer on chimistry or mineralogy. But the word is not applied to an occupation merely mechanical.

3. The collective body of persons engaged in a calling. We speak of practices honorable or disgraceful to a profession.

4. Among the Romanists, the entering into a religious order, by which a person offers himself to God by a vow of inviolable obedience, chastity and poverty.

Encyc.

Professional

PROFES'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a profession or to a calling; as professional studies, pursuits, duties, engagements; professional character or skill.

Professionally

PROFES'SIONALLY, adverb By profession or declaration. He is professionally a friend to religion.

2. By calling; as one employed professionally.

Professor

PROFESS'OR, noun [Latin] One who makes open declaration of his sentiments or opinions; particularly, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself to the visible church.

Bacon. Hammond.

2. One that publicly teaches any science or branch of learning; particularly, an officer in a university, college or other seminary, whose business is to read lectures or instruct students in a particular branch of learning; as a professor of theology or mathematics.

Professorial

PROFESSO'RIAL, adjective [Latin professorius.] Pertaining to a professor; as the professorial chair.

Enfield.

Professorship

PROFESS'ORSHIP, noun The office of a professor or public teacher of the sciences.

Walton.

Professory

PROFESS'ORY, adjective Pertaining to a professor.

Proffer

PROF'FER, verb transitive [Latin profero; pro and fero, to bear; Italian profferere, profferire; Spanish proferir; French proferer.]

1. To offer for acceptance; as, to proffer a gift; to proffer services; to proffer friendship.

2. To essay or attempt of one's own accord.

None

So hardy as to proffer or accept

Alone the dreadful voyage.

Milton.

Proffer

PROF'FER, noun An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; as proffers of peace or friendship.

He made a proffer to lay down his commission of command in the army.

Clarendon.

2. Essay; attempt.

Bacon.

Proffered

PROF'FERED, participle passive Offered for acceptance.

Profferer

PROF'FERER, noun One who offers any thing for acceptance.

Proffering

PROF'FERING, participle of the present tense Offering for acceptance.

Proficience

PROFI'CIENCE, or PROFI'CIENCY, noun [from Latin proficiens. from proficio, to advance forward; pro and facio, to make.]

Advance in the acquisition of any art, science or knowledge; improvement; progression in knowledge. Students are examined that they may manifest their proficiency in their studies or in knowledge.

Proficient

PROFI'CIENT, noun One who has made considerable advances in any business, art, science or branch of learning; as a proficient in a trade or occupation; a proficient in mathematics, in anatomy, in music, &c.

Proficuous

PROFIC'UOUS, adjective [Latin proficuus, proficio, supra.]

Profitable; advantageous; useful. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Profile

PROFILE, n. pro'fil. [French profil; pro and fil; Italian profilo; Spanish Portugese perfil; per and fil, Latin filum, a thread or line.]

1. Primarily, an outline or contour; hence, in sculpture and painting, a head or portrait represented sidewise or in a side view; the side face or half face; as, to draw or appear in profile; the profile of Pope or Addison.

2. In architecture, the contour or outline of a figure, building or member; also, the draught of a building, representing it as if cut down perpendicularly from the roof to the foundation.

Encyc.

Profile

PRO'FILE, verb transitive [French profiler; Italian profilare; Spanish perfilar.]

To draw the outline of a head sidewise; to draw in profile; as a building.

Profiled

PRO'FILED, participle passive Drawn so as to present a side view.

Profiling

PRO'FILING, participle of the present tense Drawing a portrait so as to represent a side view; drawing an outline.

Encyc.

Profit

PROF'IT, noun [French profit; Italian profitto; from Latin profectus, proficio, to profit, literally to proceed forward, to advance, pro and facio. The primary sense of facio is to urge or drive.]

1. In commerce, the advance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of purchase. Net profit is the gain made by selling goods at an advanced price, or a price beyond what they had cost the seller, and beyond all costs and charges. The profit of the farmer and the manufacturer is the gain made by the sale of produce or manufactures, after deducting the value of the labor, materials, rents and all expenses, together with the interest of the capital employed, whether land, machinery, buildings, instruments or money.

Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.

Rambler.

2. Any gain or pecuniary advantage; as an office of profit or honor.

3. Any advantage; any accession of good from labor or exertion; an extensive signification, comprehending the acquisition of any thing valuable, corporeal or intellectual, temporal or spiritual. A person may derive profit from exercise, amusements, reading, study, meditation, social intercourse, religious instruction, &c. Every improvement or advance in knowledge is profit to a wise man.

Profit

PROF'IT, verb transitive [Italian profittare; French profiter.]

1. To benefit; to advantage; applied to one's self, to derive some pecuniary interest or some accession of good from any thing; as, to profit one's self by a commercial undertaking, or by reading or instruction. In this sense, the verb is generally used intransitively. Applied to others, to communicate good to; to advance the interest of.

Brethren, if I come to you speaking with tongues, what shall I profit you? I Corinthians 14.

Whereto might the strength of their hands profit me? Job 30.

2. To improve; to advance.

It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful designs.

Dryden.

Profit

PROF'IT, verb intransitive To gain advantage in pecuniary interest; as, to profit by trade or manufactures.

2. To make improvement; to improve; to grow wiser or better; to advance in any thing useful; as, to profit by reading or by experience.

She has profited by your counsel.

Dryden.

3. To be of use or advantage; to bring good to.

Riches profit not in the day of wrath. Proverbs 11.

Profitable

PROF'ITABLE, adjective [French] Yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative; as a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or profession.

2. Useful; advantageous.

What was so profitable to the empire, became fatal to the emperor.

Arbuthnot.

Profitableness

PROF'ITABLENESS, noun Gainfulness; as the profitableness of trade.

2. Usefulness; advantageousness.

More. Calamy.

Profitably

PROF'ITABLY, adverb With gain; gainfully. Our ships are profitably employed.

2. Usefully; advantageously; with improvement. Our time may be profitably occupied in reading.

Profited

PROF'ITED, participle passive Benefited; advanced in interest or happiness; improved.

What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul? Matthew 16.

Profiting

PROF'ITING, participle of the present tense Gaining interest or advantage; improving.

Profiting

PROF'ITING, noun Gain; advantage; improvement.

That they profiting may appear to all. 1 Timothy 4.

Profitless

PROF'ITLESS, adjective Void of profit, gain or advantage.

Shak.

Profligacy

PROF'LIGACY, noun [See Profligate.] A profligate or very vicious course of life; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice.

Barrington.

Profligate

PROF'LIGATE, adjective [Latin profligatus, profligo, to rout, to ruin; pro and fligo, to drive or dash. The word then signifies dashed, broken or ruined in morals. See Flog and Afflict.]

Abandoned to vice; lost to principle, virtue or decency; extremely vicious; shameless in wickedness; as a profligate man or wretch.

Next age will see A race more profligate than we.

Roscommon.

Made prostitute and profligate the muse,

Debas'd to each obscene and impious use.

Dryden.

Profligate

PROF'LIGATE, noun An abandoned man; a wretch who has lost all regard to good principles, virtue or decency.

How could such a profligate as Antony, or a boy of eighteen like Octavius, ever dare to dream of giving law to such an empire?

Swift.

Profligate

PROF'LIGATE, verb transitive To drive away; a Latin signification. [Not used.]

2. To overcome. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Profligately

PROF'LIGATELY, adverb Without principle or shame.

Swift.

2. In a course of extreme viciousness; as, to-spend life profligately.

Profligateness

PROF'LIGATENESS, noun The quality or state of being lost to virtue and decency.

Butler.

2. An abandoned course of life; extreme viciousness; profligacy.

Profligation

PROFLIGA'TION, noun Defeat; rout. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Profluence

PROF'LUENCE, noun [Latin profluens, profluo; pro and fluo, to flow.]

A progress or course. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Profluent

PROF'LUENT, adjective Flowing forward; as a profluent stream.

Milton.

Profound

PROFOUND', adjective [French profond; Italian profondo; Spanish profundo; Latin profundus; pro and fundus, bottom. See Found.]

1. Deep; descending or being far below the surface, or far below the adjacent places; as a gulf profound.

Milton.

2. Intellectually deep; that enters deeply into subjects; not superficial or obvious to the mind; as a profound investigation; profound reasoning; a profound treatise.

3. Humble; very lowly; submissive; as a profound reverence for the Supreme Being.

Duppa.

4. Penetrating deeply into science or any branch of learning; as a profound scholor; a profound mathematician; a profound historian.

5. Deep in skill or contrivance.

The revolters are profound to make slaughter. Hosea 5.

6. Having hidden qualities.

Upon the corner of the moon

There hangs a vap'rous drop profound.

Shak.

Profound

PROFOUND', noun The deep; the sea; the ocean; as the vast profound.

Dryden.

2. The abyss.

I travel this profound.

Milton.

Profound

PROFOUND', verb intransitive To dive; to penetrate. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Profoundly

PROFOUND'LY, adverb Deeply; with deep concern.

Why sigh you so profoundly?

Shak.

2. With deep penetration into science or learning; with deep knowledge or insight; as profoundly wise; profoundly skilled in music or painting.

Dryden.

Profoundness

PROFOUND'NESS, noun Depth of place.

2. Depth of knowledge or of science.

Hooker.

Profundity

PROFUND'ITY, noun [Italian profonditÃƒ- ; Spanish profundidad; from Latin profundus.]

Depth of place, of knowledge or of science.

Milton.

Profuse

PROFU'SE, adjective [Latin profusus, profundo, to pour out; pro and fundo.]

1. Lavish; liberal to excess; prodigal; as a profuse government; a profuse administration. Henry the eighth, a profuse king, dissipated the treasures which the parsimony of his father had amassed. A man's friends are generally too profuse of priase, and his enemies too sparing.

2. Extravagant; lavish; as profuse expenditures.

3. Overabounding; exuberant.

On a green shady bank, profuse of flowersÃ‚--

Milton.

O liberty! thou goddess heavenly bright,

Profuse of blissÃ‚--

Addison.

Profuse ornament in painting, architecture or gardening, as well as in dress or in language, shows a mean or corrupted taste.

Kames.

Profuse

PROFU'SE, v. t. s as z. To pour out. [Little used.]

Armstrong.

2. To squander. [Little used.]

Steele.

Profusely

PROFU'SELY, adverb Lavishly; prodigally; as an income profusely expended.

2. With exuberance; with rich abundance. The earth is profusely adorned with flowers; ornaments may be too profusely scattered over a building.

Profuseness

PROFU'SENESS, noun Lavishness; prodigality; extravagant expenditures.

Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness.

Atterbury.

2. Great abundance; profusion; as profuseness of ornaments.

Profusion

PROFU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin profusio.]

1. Lavishness; prodigality; extravagance of expenditures; as, to waste an estate by profusion.

What meant thy pompous progress through the empire,

Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles?

Rowe.

2. Lavish effusion.

He was desirous to avoid not only profusion, but the least effusion of christian blood.

Hayward.

3. Rich abundance; exuberant plenty. The table contained a profusion of dainties. Our country has a profusion of food for man and beast.

The raptur'd eye

The fair profusion, yellow autumn, spies.

Thomson.

Prog

PROG, verb intransitive [Dutch prachgen, to beg; Danish prakker, id.; Swedish pracka, to make use of shifts; Latin proco, procor.]

1. To shift meanly for provisions; to wander about and seek provisions where they are to be found; to live by beggarly tricks. [A low word.]

You are the lion; I have been endeavoring to prog for you.

Burke.

Prog

PROG, noun Victuals or provisions sought by begging or found by wandering about.

2. Victuals of any kind. [A low word.]

Swift.

Prog

PROG, noun One that seeks his victuals by wandering and begging.

Progenerate

PROGEN'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin progenero.] To beget. [Not in use.]

Progeneration

PROGENERA'TION, noun The act of begetting; propagation. [Not used.]

Progenitor

PROGEN'ITOR, noun [Latin from progigno; pro and gigno, to beget, Greek.]

An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather. Adam was the progenitor of the human race.

Progeniture

PROGEN'ITURE, noun A begetting or birth. [Little used.]

Progeny

PROG'ENY, noun [Italian progenie; Latin progenies, from progignor.]

Offspring; race; children; descendants of the human kind, or offspring of other animals; as the progeny of a king; the progeny of Adam; the progeny of beasts or fowls; a word of general application.

Prognosis

PROGNO'SIS, noun [Greek, from, to know before; and.]

In medicine, the art of foretelling the event of a disease; the judgment of the event of a disease by particular symptoms.

Coxe. Hooper.

Prognostic

PROGNOS'TIC, adjective Foreshowing; indicating something future by signs or symptoms; as the prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs.

Prognostic

PROGNOS'TIC, noun In medicine, the judgment formed concerning the event of a disease by means of the symptoms.

Encyc.

2. Something which foreshows; a sign by which a future event may be known or foretold.

In medicine, a sign or symptom indicating the event of a disease. The appearance of the tongueÃ‚--is of considerable importance as a prognostic.

Parr.

3. A foretelling; prediction.

Swift.

Prognosticable

PROGNOS'TICABLE, adjective That may be foreknown or foretold.

Brown.

Prognosticate

PROGNOS'TICATE, verb transitive [from prognostic; Italian prognosticare.]

1. To foreshow; to indicate a future event by present signs. A clear sky at sunset prognosticates a fair day.

2. To foretell by means of present signs; to predict.

I neither will nor can prognosticate

To the young gaping heir his father's fate.

Dryden.

Prognosticated

PROGNOS'TICATED, participle passive Foreshown; foretold.

Prognosticating

PROGNOS'TICATING, participle of the present tense Foreshowing; foretelling.

Prognostication

PROGNOSTICA'TION, noun The act of foreshowing a future event by present signs.

2. The act of foretelling an event by present signs.

Burnet.

3. A foretoken; previous sign.

Shak.

Prognosticator

PROGNOS'TICATOR, noun A foreknower or foreteller of a future event by present signs.

Programma

PROGRAM'MA, noun [Greek from, to write previously; and, to write.]

1. Anciently, a letter sealed with the king's seal.

Encyc.

2. In a university, a billet or advertisement to invite persons to an oration.

Encyc.

3. A proclamation or edict posted in a public place.

Life of A. Wood.

4. That which is written before something else; a preface.

Warton.

Progress

PROG'RESS, noun [French progrÃƒ-¨s; Spanish progreso; Latin progressus, progredior; pro and gradior, to step or go. See Grade and Degree.]

1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward. A man makes a slow progress or a rapid progress on a journey; a ship makes slow progress against the tide. He watched the progress of the army on its march, or the progress of a star or comet.

2. A moving forward in growth; increase; as the progress of a plant or animal.

3. Advance in business of any kind; as the progress of a negotiation; the progress of arts.

4. Advance in knowledge; intellectual or moral improvement; proficiency. The student is commended for his progress in learning; the christian for his progress in virtue and piety.

5. Removal; passage from place to place.

From Egypt arts their progress made to Greece.

Denham.

6. A journey of state; a circuit.

Blackstone. Addison.

Progress

PROGRESS', verb intransitive To move forward in space; to pass; to proceed.

Let me wipe off this honorable dew

That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks.

Shak.

Ã‚--Although the popular blast

Hath rear'd thy name up to bestride a cloud,

Or progress in the chariot of the sun.

Broken Heart, by Ford, vol. 1. p. 303,

Gifford's Ed. Lond. 1827.

[These authors accent the first syllable, but the accent is now on the second.]

2. To proceed; to continue onward in course.

After the war had progressed for some time.

Marshall.

3. To advance; to make improvement.

Du Ponceau. Bayard.

Progression

PROGRES'SION, noun [French from Latin progressio, progredior.]

1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onwards.

Locke.

2. Intellectual advance; as the progression of thought.

Locke.

3. Course; passage.

Shak.

4. In mathematics, regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical or geometrical. Continued arithmetical proportion, is when the terms increase or decrease by equal differences. Thus, 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. or 10. 8. 6. 4. 2. by the difference 2. Geometrical proportion or progression, is when the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios. Thus, 2. 4. 8. 16. 32. 64. or 64. 32. 16. 8. 4. 2. by a continual multiplication or division by 2.

Encyc.

Progressional

PROGRES'SIONAL, adjective That advances; that is in a state of advance.

Brown.

Progressive

PROGRESS'IVE, adjective Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; as progressive motion or course; opposed to retrograde.

Bacon. Ray.

2. Improving. The arts are in a progressive state.

Progressively

PROGRESS'IVELY, adverb By motion onward; by regular advances.

Hooker.

Progressiveness

PROGRESS'IVENESS, noun The state of moving forward; an advancing; state of improvement; as the progressiveness of science, arts or taste.

Prohibit

PROHIB'IT, verb transitive [Latin prohibeo; pro and habeo, to hold; French prohiber; Italian proibire; Spanish prohibir.]

1. To forbid; to interdict by authority; applicable to persons or things, but implying authority or right. God prohibited Adam to eat of the fruit of a certain tree. The moral law prohibits what is wrong and commands what is right. We prohibit a person to do a thing, and we prohibit the thing to be done.

2. To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.

Gates of burning adamant,

Barr'd over us, prohibit all egress.

Milton.

Prohibited

PROHIB'ITED, participle passive Forbid; interdicted; hindered.

Prohibiter

PROHIB'ITER, noun One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an interdicter.

Prohibiting

PROHIB'ITING, participle of the present tense Forbidding; interdicting; debarring.

Prohibition

PROHIBI'TION, noun [French from Latin prohibitio.]

1. The act of forbidding or interdicting; a declaration to hinder some action; interdict.

The law of God in the ten commandments consists mostly of prohibitions; ``thou shalt not do such a thing.'

Tillotson.

2. In law, a writ of prohibition, is a writ issuing from a superior tribunal, directed to the judges of an inferior court, commanding them to cease from the prosecution of a suit. By ellipsis, prohibition is used for the writ itself.

Blackstone.

Prohibitive

PROHIB'ITIVE, or PROHIB'ITORY, adjective Forbidding; implying prohibition.

Barrow. Ayliffe.

Proin

PROIN, verb transitive [French provigner; pro and vigne, vine.] To lop; to trim; to prune. Obs. [See Prune.]

B. Jonson.

Proin

PROIN, verb intransitive To be employed in pruning. Obs.

Bacon.

Project

PROJECT', verb transitive [Latin projicio; pro, forward, and jacio, to throw; Italian progettare; French projeter; Spanish proyectar.]

1. To throw out; to cast or shoot forward.

Th' ascending villas

Project long shadows o'er the crystal tide.

Pope.

2. To cast forward in the mind; to scheme; to contrive; to devise something to be done; as, to project a plan for paying off the national debt; to project an expedition to South America; to project peace or war.

Milton.

3. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any thing; to delineate.

Project

PROJECT', verb intransitive To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to jut; to be prominent; as, the cornice projects.

Project

PROJ'ECT, noun [French projet.] A scheme; a design; something intended or devised; contrivance; as the project of a canal from the Hudson to the lakes; all our projects of happiness are liable to be frustrated.

2. An idle scheme; a design not practicable; as a man given to projects.

Projected

PROJECT'ED, participle passive Cast out or forward; schemed; devised; delineated.

Projectile

PROJECT'ILE, adjective Impelling forward; as a projectile force.

2. Given by impulse; impelled forward; as projectile motion.

Arbuthnot.

Projectile

PROJECT'ILE, noun A body projected, or impelled forward by force, particularly through the air.

2. Projectiles, in mechanical philosophy, is that part which treats of the motion of bodies thrown or driven by an impelling force from the surface of the earth, and affected by gravity and the resistance of the air.

Projecting

PROJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing out or forward; shooting out; jutting; scheming; contriving.

Projection

PROJEC'TION, noun [Latin projectio.] The act of throwing or shooting forward.

Brown.

2. A jutting out; extension beyond something else.

3. The act of scheming; plan; scheme; design of something to be executed.

4. Plan; delineation; the representation of something; as the projection of the sphere, is a representation of the circles on the surface of the sphere. There are three principal points of projection; the stereographic, in which the eye is supposed to be placed on the surface of the sphere; the orthographic, in which the eye is supposed to be at an infinite distance; and the gnomonic, in which the eye is placed in the center of the sphere.

Encyc.

In perspective, projection denotes the appearance or representation of an object on the perspective plane.

Encyc.

5. In alchimy, the casting of a certain powder, called powder of projection, into a crucible or other vessel full of some prepared metal or other matter, which is to be thereby transmuted into gold.

Encyc.

Projectment

PROJECT'MENT, noun Design; contrivance. [Little used.]

Clarendon.

Projector

PROJECT'OR, noun One who forms a scheme or design.

Addison.

2. One who forms wild or impracticable schemes.

Pope.

Projecture

PROJECT'URE, noun A jutting or standing out beyond the line or surface of something else.

Encyc.

Prolapse

PROLAPSE, n. prolaps'. [Latin prolapsus, prolabor.]

A falling down or falling out of some part of the body, as of the uterus or intestines.

Encyc.

Prolapse

PROLAPSE, v. i. prolaps'. To fall down or out; to project too much.

Prolapsion

PROLAP'SION, or PROLAP'SUS, [See Prolapse.]

Prolate

PROLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin prolatum, profero.] To utter; to pronounce. [Not used.]

Howell.

Prolate

PRO'LATE, adjective [supra.] Extended beyond the line of an exact sphere. A prolate spheriod is produced by the revolution of a semi-ellipsis about its larger diameter.

Encyc.

Prolation

PROLA'TION, noun [Latin prolatio, from profero.] Utterance; pronunciation. [Little used.]

Ray.

2. Delay; act of deferring. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

3. A method in music of determining the power of semibreves and minims.

Busby.

Prolegomena

PROLEGOM'ENA, n. plu. [Greek; and, to speak.]

Preliminary observations; introductory remarks or discourses prefixed to a book or treatise.

Walton.

Prolepsis

PROLEP'SIS, or PROLEP'SY, noun [Greek, from; and, to take.]

1. Anticipation; a figure in rhetoric by which objections are anticipated or prevented.

Bramhall.

2. An error in chronology, when an event is dated before the actual time; an anachronism.

Theobald.

Proleptic

PROLEP'TIC, or PROLEP'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to prolepsis or anticipation.

2. Previous; antecedent.

Glanville.

3. In medicine, anticipating the usual time; applied to a periodical disease, whose paroxysm returns at an earlier hour at every repetition.

Encyc.

Proleptically

PROLEP'TICALLY, adverb By way of anticipation.

Proletarian

PROLETA'RIAN, adjective [Latin proletarius, from proles, offspring.] Mean; vile; vulgar. [Not used.]

Hudibras.

Proletary

PRO'LETARY, noun A common person. [Not used.]

Burton.

Proliferous

PROLIF'EROUS, adjective [infra.] In botany, prolific; as a proliferous flower.

Lee. Martyn.

A proliferous stem is one which puts forth branches only from the center of the top, or which shoots out new branches from the summits of the former ones, as the pine and fir.

Martyn. Smith.

A proliferous umbel is a compound umbel which has the umbellicle subdivided.

Martyn.

Prolific

PROLIF'IC, or PROLIF'ICAL, adjective [Italian Spanish prolifico; French prolifique; Latin proles, offspring, and facio, to make.]

1. Producing young or fruit; fruitful; generative; productive; applied to animals and plants; as a prolific female; a prolific tree.

2. Productive; having the quality of generating; as a controversy prolific of evil consequences; a prolific brain.

3. A prolific flower, [prolifer,] in botany, is one which produces a second flower from its own substance, or which has smaller flowers growing out of the principal one. But proliferous is commonly used.

Encyc. Martyn.

Prolificacy

PROLIF'ICACY, noun Fruitfulness; great productiveness.

Encyc.

Prolifically

PROLIF'ICALLY, adverb Fruitfully; with great increase.

Prolification

PROLIFICA'TION, noun [See Prolific.] The generation of young or of plants.

2. In botany, the production of a second flower from the substance of the first. This is either from the center of a simple flower, or from the side of an aggregate flower.

Lee.

Prolificness

PROLIF'ICNESS, noun The state of being prolific.

Scott.

Prolix

PRO'LIX, adjective [Latin prolixus; pro and laxus, literally drawn out.]

1. Long; extended to a great length; minute in narration or argument; applied only to discourses, speeches and writings; as a prolix oration; a prolix poem; a prolix sermon.

2. Of long duration. [Not in use.]

Prolixity

PROLIX'ITY, or PROLIX'NESS, noun Great length; minute detail; applied only to discourses and writings. Prolixity is not always tedious.

Prolixly

PROLIX'LY, adverb At great length.

Dryden.

Prolocutor

PROLOC'UTOR, noun [Latin proloquor; pro and loquor, to speak.] The speaker or chairman of a convocation.

Swift.

Prolocutorship

PROLOC'UTORSHIP, noun The office or station of a prolocutor.

Prologize

PRO'LOGIZE, verb intransitive To deliver a prologue. [Not in use.]

Prologue

PROLOGUE, n. pro'log. [French from Latin prologus; Greek; and, discourse.]

The preface or introduction to a discourse or performance, chiefly the discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance or play begins.

Encyc.

Prologue

PROLOGUE, v. t. pro'log. [Italian prologare.] To introduce with a formal preface.

Shak.

Prolong

PROLONG', verb transitive [French prolonger; Italian prolungare; Spanish prolongar; Latin pro and longus. See Long.]

1. To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of. Temperate habits tend to prolong life.

2. To lengthen; to draw out in time by delay; to continue.

Th' unhappy queen with talk prolong'd the night.

Dryden.

3. To put off to a distant time.

For I myself am not so well provided

As else I would be, were the day prolong'd.

Shak.

4. To extend in space or length.

Prolongate

PROLON'GATE, verb transitive To extend or lengthen in space; as, to prolongate a line.

2. To extend in time. [Little used.]

Prolongated

PROLON'GATED, participle passive Extended in space; continued in length.

Prolongating

PROLON'GATING, participle of the present tense Lengthening in space.

Prolongation

PROLONGA'TION, noun [French] The act of lengthening in time or space; as the prolongation of life.

Bacon.

The prolongation of a line.

Lavoisier, Trans.

2. Extension of time by delay or postponement; as the prolongation of days for payment.

Bacon.

Prolonged

PROLONG'ED, participle passive Lengthened in duration or space.

Prolonger

PROLONG'ER, noun He or that which lengthens in time or space.

Prolonging

PROLONG'ING, participle of the present tense Extending in time; continuing in length.

Prolusion

PROLU'SION, n. s as z. [Latin prolusio, proludo; pro and ludo, to play.]

A prelude; entertainment; diverting performance. [Little used.]

Hakewill.

Promenade

PROMENA'DE, noun [French from promener; pro and mener, to lead.]

1. A walk for amusement or exercise.

2. A place for walking.

Promerit

PROMER'IT, verb transitive [Latin promereo, promeritum; pro and mereo, to merit.]

1. To oblige; to confer a favor on.

Hall.

2. To deserve; to procure by merit.

Pearson.

[This word is little used or not at all.]

Promethean

PROMETHE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Prometheus, who stole fire from heaven.

Prominence

PROM'INENCE, or PROM'INENCY, noun [Latin prominentia, from promineo; pro and minor, to menace, that is, to shoot forward.]

A standing out from the surface of something, or that which juts out; protuberance; as the prominence of a joint; the prominence of a rock or cliff; the prominence of the nose. Small hills and knolls are prominences on the surface of the earth.

Prominent

PROM'INENT, adjective [Latin prominens.] Standing out beyond the line or surface of something; jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as a prominent figure on a vase.

2. Full; large; as a prominent eye.

3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as a prominent character.

4. Principal; most visible or striking to the eye; conspicuous. The figure of a man or of a building holds a prominent place in a picture.

Prominently

PROM'INENTLY, adverb In a prominent manner; so as to stand out beyond the other parts; eminently; in a striking manner; conspicuously.

Promiscuous

PROMIS'CUOUS, adjective [Latin promiscuus; pro and misceo, to mix.]

1. Mingled; consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order; confused; undistinguished; as a promiscuous crowd or mass.

A wild where weeds and flow'rs promiscuous shoot.

Pope.

2. Common; indiscriminate; not restricted to an individual; as promiscuous love or intercourse.

Promiscuously

PROMIS'CUOUSLY, adverb In a crowd or mass without order; with confused mixture; indiscriminately; as men of all classes promiscuously assembled; particles of different earths promiscuously united.

2. Without distinction of kinds.

Like beasts and birds promiscuously they join.

Pope.

Promiscuousness

PROMIS'CUOUSNESS, noun A state of being mixed without order or distinction.

Ash.

Promise

PROM'ISE, noun [Latin promissum, from promitto, to send before or forward; pro and mitto, to send; French promettre, promis, promesse; Italian promettere, promessa; Spanish prometer, promesa.]

1. In a general sense, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to another, which binds the person who makes it, either in honor, conscience or law, to do or forbear a certain act specified; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it is made, a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of the act. The promise of a visit to my neighbor, gives him a right to expect it, and I am bound in honor and civility to perform the promise. Of such a promise human laws have no cognizance; but the fulfillment of it is one of the minor moralities, which civility, kindness and strict integrity require to be observed.

2. In law, a declaration, verbal or written, made by one person to another for a good or valuable consideration, in the nature of a covenant, by which the promiser binds himself, and as the case may be, his legal representatives, to do or forbear some act; and gives to the promisee a legal right to demand and enforce a fulfillment.

3. A binding declaration of something to be done or given for another's benefit; as the promise of a grant of land. A promise may be absolute or conditional; lawful or unlawful; express or implied. An absolute promise must be fulfilled at all events. The obligation to fulfill a conditional promise depends on the performance of the condition. An unlawful promise is not binding, because it is void; for it is incompatible with a prior paramount obligation of obedience to the laws. An express promise, is one expressed in words or writing. An implied promise, is one which reason and justice dictate. If I hire a man to perform a day's labor, without any declaration that I will pay him, the law presumes a promise on my part that I will give him a reasonable reward, and will enforce such implied promise.

4. Hopes; expectation, or that which affords expectation of future distinction; as a youth of great promise.

My native country was full of youthful promise.

Irving.

5. That which is promised; fulfillment or grant of what is promised.

He commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father. Acts 1.

6. In Scripture, the promise of God is the declaration or assurance which God has given in his word of bestowing blessings on his people. Such assurance resting on the perfect justice, power, benevolence and immutable veracity of God, cannot fail of performance.

The Lord is not slack concerning his promises. 2 Peter 3.

Promise

PROM'ISE, verb transitive To make a declaration to another, which binds the promiser in honor, conscience or law, to do or forbear some act; as, to promise a visit to a friend; to promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of money.

2. To afford reason to expect; as, the year promises a good harvest.

3. To make declaration or give assurance of some benefit to be conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow.

The proprietors promised large tracts of land.

Charter of Dartmouth College.

Promise

PROM'ISE, verb intransitive To assure one by a promise or binding declaration. The man promises fair; let us forgive him.

2. To afford hopes or expectations; to give ground to expect good. The youth promises to be an eminent man; the wheat promises to be a good crop; the weather promises to be pleasant.

3. In popular use, this verb sometimes threatens or assures of evil. The rogue shall be punished, I promise you.

Will not the ladies be afraid of the lion?

Ã‚--I fear it, I promise you.

Shak.

In the latter example, promise is equivalent to declare; ``I declare to you.'

4. To promise one's self, to be assured or to have strong confidence.

I dare promise myself you will attest the truth of all I have advanced.

Rambler.

Promise-Breach

PROM'ISE-BREACH, noun Violation of promise.

Shak.

Promise-Breaker

PROM'ISE-BREAKER, noun A violator of promises.

Shak.

Promised

PROM'ISED, participle passive Engaged by word or writing; stipulated.

Promisee

PROMISEE', noun The person to whom a promise is made.

Encyc.

Promiser

PROM'ISER, noun One who promises; one who engages, assures, stipulates or covenants. Fear, says Dryden, is a great promiser. We may say that hope is a very liberal promiser.

The import of a promise, when disputed, is not to be determined by the sense of the promiser, nor by the expectations of the promisee.

Paley. Encyc.

[Note. In law language, promisor is used, but without necessity or advantage.]

Promising

PROM'ISING, participle of the present tense Engaging by words or writing; stipulating; assuring.

2. Affording just expectations of good or reasonable ground of hope; as a promising youth; a promising prospect. [In this sense, the word may be a participle or an adjective.]

Promissorily

PROM'ISSORILY, adverb By way of promise.

Promissory

PROM'ISSORY, adjective Containing a promise or binding declaration of something to be done or forborne.

Arbuthnot.

2. In law, a promissory note is a writing which contains a promise of the payment of money or the delivery of property to another, at or before a time specified, in consideration of value received by the promiser. In England, promissory notes and bills of exchange, being negotiable for the payment of a less sum than twenty shillings, are declared to be void by Stat 15. Geo. III.

Blackstone.

Promontory

PROM'ONTORY, noun [Latin promontorium; pro, forward, and mons, a mountain; French promontoire; Italian Spanish promontorio.]

In geography, a high point of land or rock, projecting into the sea beyond the line of the coast; a head land. It differs from a cape in denoting high land; a cape may be a similar projection of land high or low.

Like one that stands upon a promontory.

Shak.

If you drink tea on a promontory that overhangs the sea, it is preferable to an assembly.

Pope.

Promote

PROMO'TE, verb transitive [Latin promotus, promoveo, to move forward; pro and moveo, to move; Italian promovere; Spanish promover; French promouvoir.]

1. To forward; to advance; to contribute to the growth, enlargement or excellence of any thing valuable, or to the increase of any thing evil; as, to promote learning, knowledge, virtue or religion; to promote the interests of commerce or agriculture; to promote the arts; to promote civilization or refinement; to promote the propagation of the gospel; to promote vice and disorder.

2. To excite; as, to promote mutiny.

3. To exalt; to elevate; to raise; to prefer in rank or honor.

I will promote thee to very great honors. Numbers 22.

Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. Proverbs 4.

Promoted

PROMO'TED, participle passive Advanced; exalted.

Promoter

PROMO'TER, noun He or that which forwards, advances or promotes; an encourager; as a promoter of charity.

Atterbury.

2. One that excites; as a promoter of sedition.

3. An informer; a make-bate. Obs.

Promoting

PROMO'TING, participle of the present tense Forwarding; advancing; exciting; exalting.

Promotion

PROMO'TION, noun [French; from promote.]

1. The act of promoting; advancement; encouragement; as the promotion of virtue or morals; the promotion of peace or of discord.

2. Exaltation in rank or honor; preferment.

My promotion will be thy destruction.

Milton.

Promotion cometh neither from the east nor from the west, nor from the south. Psalm 75.

Promotive

PROMO'TIVE, adjective Tending to advance or promote; tending to encourage.

Hume.

Promove

PROMOVE, verb transitive To advance. [Not used.]

Fell. Suckling.

Prompt

PROMPT, adjective [French prompt; Italian Spanish pronto; Latin promptus, from promo.]

1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands.

Very discerning and prompt in giving orders.

Clarendon.

2. Of a ready disposition; acting with cheerful alacrity; as prompt in obedience or compliance.

Tell him

I'm prompt to lay my crown at's feet.

Shak.

3. Quick; ready; not dilatory; applied to things; as, he manifested a prompt obedience; he yielded prompt assistance.

When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress, his obedience was prompt.

Ames.

4. Quick; hasty; indicating boldness or forwardness.

And you perhaps too prompt in your replies.

Dryden.

5. Ready; present; told down; as prompt payment.

6. Easy; unobstructed.

Wotton.

Prompt

PROMPT, verb transitive To incite; to move or excite to action or exertion; to instigate. Insults prompt anger or revenge; love prompts desire; benevolence prompts men to devote their time and services to spread the gospel. Ambition prompted Alexander to wish for more worlds to conquer.

2. To assist a speaker when at a loss, by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in order, as to prompt an actor; or to assist a learner, by suggesting something forgotten or not understood.

Ascham. Shak. Bacon.

3. To dictate; to suggest to the mind.

And whisp'ring angels prompt her golden dreams.

Pope.

4. To remind. [Not used.]

Brown.

Prompted

PROMPT'ED, participle passive Incited; moved to action; instigated; assisted in speaking or learning.

Prompter

PROMPT'ER, noun One that prompts; one that admonishes or incites to action.

2. One that is placed behind the scenes in a play house, whose business is to assist the speakers when at a loss, by uttering the first words of a sentence or words forgotten; or any person who aids a public speaker when at a loss, by suggesting the next words of his piece.

Pope.

Prompting

PROMPT'ING, participle of the present tense Inciting; moving to action; aiding a speaker when at a loss for the words of his piece.

Promptitude

PROMPT'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin promptus; Italian prontitudine; Spanish prontitud.]

1. Readiness; quickness of decision and action when occasion demands. In the sudden vicissitudes of a battle, promptitude in a commander is one of the most essential qualifications.

2. Readiness of will; cheerful alacrity; as promptitude in obedience or compliance.

Promptly

PROMPT'LY, adverb Readily; quickly; expeditiously; cheerfully.

Taylor.

Promptness

PROMPT'NESS, noun Readiness; quickness of decision or action. The young man answered questions with great promptness.

2. Cheerful willingness; alacrity.

3. Activity; briskness; as the promptness of animal actions.

Arbuthnot.

Promptuary

PROMPT'UARY, noun [French promptuaire; Latin promptuarium.]

That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.

Woodward.

Prompture

PROMPT'URE, noun Suggestion; incitement. [Not used.]

Shak.

Promulgate

PROMUL'GATE, verb transitive [Latin promulgo.] To publish; to make known by open declaration; as, to promulgate the secrets of a council. It is particularly applied to the publication of laws and the gospel. The moral law was promulgated at mount Sinai. The apostles promulgated the gospel. Edicts, laws and orders are promulgated by circular letters, or through the medium of the public prints.

Promulgated

PROMUL'GATED, participle passive Published; made publicly known.

Promulgating

PROMUL'GATING, participle of the present tense Publishing.

Promulgation

PROMUL'GATION, noun The act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as the promulgation of the law or of the gospel.

Promulgator

PROMUL'GATOR, noun A publisher; one who makes known or teaches publicly what was before unknown.

Promulge

PROMULGE, v. t. promulj'. To promulgate; to publish or teach. [Less used than promulgate.]

Promulged

PROMULG'ED, participle passive Published.

Promulger

PROMULG'ER, noun One who publishes or teaches what was before unknown.

Atterbury.

Promulging

PROMULG'ING, participle of the present tense Publishing.

Pronation

PRONA'TION, noun [from Latin pronus, having the face downwards.]

1. Among anatomists, that motion of the radius whereby the palm of the hand is turned downwards; the act of turning the palm downwards; opposed to supination.

Encyc. Coxe.

2. That position of the hand, when the thumb is turned towards the body, and the palm downwards.

Parr.

Pronator

PRONA'TOR, noun A muscle of the fore arm which serves to turn the palm of the hand downward; opposed to supinator.

Encyc.

Prone

PRONE, adjective [Latin pronus.] Bending forward; inclined; not erect.

Milton.

2. Lying with the face downward; contrary to supine.

Brown.

3. Headlong; precipitous; inclining in descent.

Down thither prone in flight.

Milton.

4. Sloping; declivous; inclined.

Since the floods demand

For their descent, a prone and sinking land.

Blackmore.

5. Inclined; propense; disposed; applied to the mind or affections, usually in an ill sense; as men prone to evil, prone to strife, prone to intemperance, prone to deny the truth, prone to change.

Proneness

PRO'NENESS, noun The state of bending downward; as the proneness of beasts that look downwards; opposed to the erectness of man.

Brown.

2. The state of lying with the face downwards; contrary to supineness.

3. Descent; declivity; as the proneness of a hill.

4. Inclination of mind, heart or temper; propension; disposition; as the proneness of the Israelites to idolatry; proneness to self-gratification or to self-justification; proneness to comply with temptation; sometimes in a good sense; as the proneness of good men to commiserate want.

Atterbury.

Prong

PRONG, noun [Possibly it is formed with n casual, from the Welsh prociaw, to stab, or Scot. prog, brog, a sharp point.]

1. A sharp pointed instrument.

Prick it on a prong of iron.

Sandys.

2. The tine of a fork or of a similar instrument; as a fork of two or three prongs. [This is the sense in which it is used in America.]

Pronghoe

PRONG'HOE, noun A hoe with prongs to break the earth.

Encyc.

Pronity

PRONITY, for proneness, is not used.

More.

Pronominal

PRONOM'INAL, adjective [Latin pronomen. See Pronoun.]

Belonging to of of the nature of a pronoun.

Lowth.

Pronoun

PRO'NOUN, noun [French pronom; Italian pronome; Spanish pronombre; Latin pronomen; pro, for, and nomen, name.]

In grammar, a word used instead of a noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English, are I, thou or you, he, she, we, ye and they. The last is used for the name of things, as well as for that of persons. Other words are used for the names of persons, things, sentences, phrases and for adjectives; and when they stand for sentences, phrases and adjectives, they are not strictly pronouns, but relatives, substitutes or representatives of such sentences. Thus we say, ``the jury found the prisoner guilty, and the court pronounced sentence on him. This or that gave great joy to the spectators.' In these sentences, this or that represents the whole preceding sentence, which is the proper antecedent. We also say, ``the jury pronounced the man guilty, this or that or which he could not be, for he proved an alibi.' In which sentence, this or that or which refers immediately to guilty, as its antecedent.

Pronounce

PRONOUNCE, v. t. pronouns'. [French prononcer; Italian pronunziare; Spanish pronunciar; Latin pronuncio; pro and nuncio.]

1. To speak; to utter articulately. The child is not able to pronounce words composed of difficult combinations of letters. Adults rarely learn to pronounce correctly a foreign language.

2. To utter formally, officially or solemnly. The court pronounced sentence of death on the criminal.

Then Baruch answered them, he pronounced all these words to me with his mouth. Jeremiah 36.

Sternly he pronounc'd

The rigid interdiction.

Milton.

3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; as, to pronounce an oration.

4. To speak; to utter, in almost any manner.

5. To declare or affirm. He pronounced the book to be a libel; he pronounced the act to be a fraud.

Pronounce

PRONOUNCE, v. i. pronouns'. To speak; to make declaration; to utter an opinion.

How confidently soever men pronounce of themselvesÃ‚--

Decay of Piety.

Pronounceable

PRONOUNCEABLE, a. pronouns'able. That may be pronounced or uttered.

Pinkerton.

Pronounced

PRONOUN'CED, participle passive Spoken; uttered; declared solemnly.

Pronouncer

PRONOUN'CER, noun One who utters or declares.

Pronouncing

PRONOUN'CING, participle of the present tense Speaking; uttering; declaring.

2. adjective Teaching pronunciation.

Pronunciation

PRONUNCIA'TION, noun [French prononciation, from Latin pronunciatio.]

1. The act of uttering with articulation; utterance; as the pronunciation of syllables or words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.

2. The mode of uttering words or sentences; particularly, the art or manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness; now called delivery.

J. Q. Adams.

Pronunciative

PRONUN'CIATIVE, adjective Uttering confidently; dogmatical.

Bacon.

Proof

PROOF, noun [Saxon profian, to prove; Swedish prof, proof; Danish prÃƒ-¶ve; Dutch proef; German probe; Welsh praw; French preuve; Italian prova; Spanish prueba; Russian proba. See Prove.]

1. Trial; essay; experiment; any effort, process or operation that ascertains truth or fact. Thus the quality of spirit is ascertained by proof; the strength of gunpowder, of fire arms and of cannon is determined by proof; the correctness of operations in arithmetic is ascertained by proof.

2. In law and logic, that degree of evidence which convinces the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and produces belief. Proof is derived from personal knowledge, or from the testimony of others, or from conclusive reasoning. Proof differs from demonstration, which is applicable only to those truths of which the contrary is inconceivable.

This has neither evidence of truth, nor proof sufficient to give it warrant.

Hooker.

3. Firmness or hardness that resists impression, or yields not to force; impenetrability of physical bodies; as a wall that is of proof against shot.

See arms of proof.

Dryden.

4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken; as a mind or virtue that is proof against the arts of seduction and the assaults of temptation.

5. The proof of spirits consists in little bubbles which appear on the top of the liquor after agitation, called the bead, and by the French, chapelet. Hence,

6. The degree of strength in spirit; as high proof; first proof; second, third or fourth proof.

7. In printing and engraving, a rough impression of a sheet, taken for correction; plu. proofs, not proves.

8. Armor sufficiently firm to resist impression. [Not used.]

Shak.

Proof is used elliptically for of proof.

I have found thee

Proof against all temptation.

Milton.

It is sometimes followed by to, more generally by against.

Proofless

PROOF'LESS, adjective Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved.

Boyle.

Prop

PROP, verb transitive [Dutch Danish prop, a stopple, Swedish propp; German pfropf, id.; Dutch proppen; German pfropfen, to stuff or thrust; Danish propper.

These are probably the same word differently applied.]

1. To support or prevent from falling by placing something under or against; as, to prop a fence or an old building.

2. To support by standing under or against.

Till the bright mountains prop th' incumbent sky

Pope.

3. To support; to sustain; in a general sense; as, to prop a declining state.

I prop myself upon the few supports that are left me.

Pope.

Prop

PROP, noun That which sustains an incumbent weight; that on which any thing rests for support; a support; a stay; as a prop for vines; a prop for an old building. An affectionate child is the prop of declining age.

Propagable

PROP'AGABLE, adjective [See Propagate.] That may be continued or multiplied by natural generation or production; applied to animals and vegetables.

2. That may be spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines or principles.

Propagandism

PROP'AGANDISM, noun [See Propagate.] The art or practice of propagating tenets or principles.

Dwight.

Propagandist

PROPAGAND'IST, noun A person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles.

Bonaparte selected a body to compose his Sanhedrim of political propagandists.

Walsh.

Propagate

PROP'AGATE, verb transitive [Latin propago; Italian propaggine; German pfropf, a stopple; pfropfen, to thrust, also to graft. See Prop. The Latin noun propago, is the English prop, and the termination ago, as in cartilago, &c. The sense of the noun is that which is set or thrust in.]

1. To continue or multiply the kind by generation or successive production; applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed of horses or sheep; to propagate any species of fruit tree.

2. To spread; to extend; to impel or continue forward in space; as, to propagate sound or light.

3. To spread from person to person; to extend; to give birth to, or originate and spread; as, to propagate a story or report.

4. To carry from place to place; to extend by planting and establishing in places before destitute; as, to propagate the christian religion.

5. To extend; to increase.

Griefs of my own lie heavy in my breast,

Which thou wilt propagate.

Shak.

6. To generate; to produce.

Superstitious notions, propagated in fancy, are hardly ever totally eradicated.

Richardson.

Propagate

PROP'AGATE, verb intransitive To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants. Wild horses propagate in the forests of S. America.

Propagated

PROP'AGATED, participle passive Continued or multiplied by generation or production of the same kind; spread; extended.

Propagating

PROP'AGATING, participle of the present tense Continuing or multiplying the kind by generation or production; spreading and establishing.

Propagation

PROPAGA'TION, noun [French from Latin propagatio.]

1. The act of propagating; the continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; as the prouagation of animals or plants.

There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by propagation.

Ray.

2. The spreading or extension of any thing; as the propagation of sound or of reports.

3. The spreading of any thing by planting and establishing in places before destitute; as the propagation of the gospel among pagans.

4. A forwarding or promotion.

Propagator

PROP'AGATOR, noun One that continues or multiplies his own species by generation.

2. One that continues or multiplies any species of animals or plants.

3. One that spreads or causes to circulate, as a report.

4. One that plants and establishes in a country destitute; as a propagator of the gospel.

5. One that plants, originates or extends; one that promotes.

Propel

PROPEL', verb transitive [Latin propello; pro, forward, and pello, to drive.]

To drive forward; to urge or press onward by force. The wind or steam propels ships; balls are propelled by the force of gunpowder; mill wheels are propelled by water or steam; the blood is propelled through the arteries and veins by the action of the heart. [This word is commonly applied to material bodies.]

Propelled

PROPEL'LED, participle passive Driven forward.

Propelling

PROPEL'LING, participle of the present tense Driving forward.

Propend

PROPEND', verb intransitive [Latin propendeo; pro, forward, and pendeo, to hang.]

To lean towards; to incline; to be disposed in favor of any thing. [Little used.]

Shak.

Propendency

PROPEND'ENCY, noun [Latin propendens.] A leaning towards; inclination; tendency of desire to any thing.

2. Preconsideration; attentive deliberation. [Little used.]

Hale.

Propending

PROPEND'ING, participle of the present tense Inclining towards.

Propense

PROPENSE, a. propens'. [Latin propensus.] Leaning towards, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed, either to good or evil; as women propense to holiness.

Hooker.

Propension

PROPEN'SION, or PROPENS'ITY, noun [French propension; Latin propensio.]

1. Bent of mind, natural or acquired; inclination; in a moral sense; disposition to any thing good or evil, particularly to evil; as a propensity to sin; the corrupt propensity of the will.

Rogers.

It requires critical nicety to find out the genius or propensions of a child.

L'Estrange.

2. Natural tendency; as the propension of bodies to a particular place.

Digby.

[In a moral sense, propensity is now chiefly used.]

Proper

PROP'ER, adjective [French propre; Italian proprio or propio; Spanish propio; Latin proprius, supposed to be allied to prope, near; Welsh priawd, proper, appropriate.]

1. Peculiar; naturally or essentially belonging to a person or thing; not common. That is not proper, which is common to many. Every animal has his proper instincts and inclinations, appetites and habits. Every muscle and vessel of the body has its proper office. Every art has its proper rules. Creation is the proper work of an Almighty Being.

2. Particularly suited to. Every animal lives in his proper element.

3. One's own. It may be joined with any possessive pronoun; as our proper son.

Shak.

Our proper conceptions.

Glanville.

Now learn the difference at your proper cost.

Dryden.

[NOTE. Own is often used in such phrases; ``at your own proper cost.' This is really tautological, but sanctioned by usage, and expressive of emphasis.]

4. Noting an individual; pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; as a proper name. Dublin is the proper name of a city.

5. Fit; suitable; adapted; accommodated. A thin dress is not proper for clothing in a cold climate. Stimulants are proper remedies for debility. Gravity of manners is very proper for persons of advanced age.

In Athens, all was pleasure, mirth and play,

All proper to the spring and sprightly May.

Dryden.

6. Correct; just; as a proper word; a proper expression.

7. Not figurative.

Burnet.

8. Well formed; handsome.

Moses was a proper child. Hebrews 11.

9. Tall; lusty; handsome with bulk. [Low and not used.]

Shak.

10. In vulgar language, very; as proper good; proper sweet. [This is very improper, as well as vulgar.]

Proper receptacle, in botany, that which supports only a single flower or fructification; proper perianth or involucre, that which in closes only a single flower; proper flower or corol, one of the single florets or corollets in an aggregate or compound flower; proper nectary, separate from the petals and other parts of the flower.

Martyn.

Properly

PROP'ERLY, adverb Fitly; suitably; in a proper manner; as a word property applied; a dress properly adjusted.

2. In a strict sense.

The miseries of life are not properly owing to the unequal distribution of things.

Swift.

Properness

PROP'ERNESS, noun The quality of being proper. [Little used.]

2. Tallness. [Not in use.]

3. Perfect form; handsomeness.

Property

PROP'ERTY, noun [This seems to be formed directly from proper; if not, it is contracted. The Latin is proprietas, French proprietÃƒ-©, from which we have propriety.]

1. A peculiar quality of any thing; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; called by logicians an essential mode. Thus color is a property of light; extension and figure are properties of bodies.

2. An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art or bestowed by man. The poem has the properties which constitute excellence.

3. Quality; disposition.

It is the property of an old sinner to find delight in reviewing his own villainies in others.

South.

4. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying and disposing of a thing; ownership. In the beginning of the world, the Creator gave to man dominion over the earth, over the fish of the sea and the fowls of the air, and over every living thing. This is the foundation of man's property in the earth and in all its productions. Prior occupancy of land and of wild animals gives to the possessor the property of them. The labor of inventing, making or producing any thing constitutes one of the highest and most indefeasible titles to property. Property is also acquired by inheritance, by gift or by purchase. Property is sometimes held in common, yet each man's right to his share in common land or stock is exclusively his own. One man may have the property of the soil, and another the right of use, by prescription or by purchase.

5. Possession held in one's own right.

Dryden.

6. The thing owned; that to which a person has the legal title, whether in his possession or not. It is one of the greatest blessings of civil society that the property of citizens is well secured.

7. An estate, whether in lands, goods or money; as a man of large property or small property.

8. An estate; a farm; a plantation. In this sense, which is common in the United States and in the West Indies, the word has a plural.

The still-houses on the sugar plantations, vary in size, according to the fancy of the proprietor or the magnitude of the property.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

I shall confine myself to such properties as fall within the reach of daily observation.

ib.

9. Nearness or right.

Here I disclaim all my paternal care,

Propinquity and property of blood.

Shak.

10. Something useful; an appendage; a theatrical term.

I will draw a bill of properties.

Shak.

High pomp and state are useful properties.

Dryden.

11. Propriety. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Literary property, the exclusive right of printing, publishing and making profit by one's own writings. No right or title to a thing can be so perfect as that which is created by a man's own labor and invention. The exclusive right of a man to his literary productions, and to the use of them for his own profit, is entire and perfect, as the faculties employed and labor bestowed are entirely and perfectly his own. On what principle then can a legislature or a court determine that an author can enjoy only a temporary property in his own productions? If a man's right to his own productions in writing is as perfect as to the productions of his farm or his shop, how can the former be abridged or limited, while the latter is held without limitation? Why do the productions of manual labor rank higher in the scale of rights or property, than the productions of the intellect?

Property

PROP'ERTY, verb transitive To invest with qualities, or to take as one's own; to appropriate. [An awkward word and not used.]

Shak.

Prophane

PROPHANE, [See Profane.]

Prophasis

PRO'PHASIS, noun [Greek, from, to foretell.]

In medicine, prognosis; foreknowledge of a disease.

Prophecy

PROPH'ECY, noun [Greek, from, to foretell; before, and, to tell. This ought to be written prophesy.]

1. A foretelling; prediction; a declaration of something to come. As God only knows future events with certainty, no being but God or some person informed by him, can utter a real prophecy. The prophecies recorded in Scripture, when fulfilled, afford most convincing evidence of the divine original of the Scriptures, as those who uttered the prophecies could not have foreknown the events predicted without supernatural instruction. 2 Peter 1.

2. In Scripture, a book of prophecies; a history; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chronicles 9.

3. Preaching; public interpretation of Scripture; exhortation or instruction. Proverbs 31.

Prophesied

PROPH'ESIED, participle passive Foretold; predicted.

Prophesier

PROPH'ESIER, noun One who predicts events.

Prophesy

PROPH'ESY, verb transitive To foretell future events; to predict.

I hate him, for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil. 1 Kings 22.

2. To foreshow. [Little used.]

Shak.

Prophesy

PROPH'ESY, verb intransitive To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come. Jeremiah 11.

2. In Scripture, to preach; to instruct in religious doctrines; to interpret or explain Scripture or religious subjects; to exhort. 1 Corinthians 13. Ezekiel 37.

Prophesying

PROPH'ESYING, participle of the present tense Foretelling events.

Prophesying

PROPH'ESYING, noun The act of foretelling or of preaching.

Prophet

PROPH'ET, noun [Greek; Latin propheta; French prophÃƒ-¨te.]

1. One that foretells future events; a predicter; a foreteller.

2. In Scripture, a person illuminated, inspired or instructed by God to announce future events; as Moses, Elijah, David, Isaiah, &c.

3. An interpreter; one that explains or communicates sentiments. Exodus 7.

4. One who pretends to foretell; an imposter; as a false prophet. Acts 13.

School of the prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in which young men were educated and qualified for public teachers. These students were called sons of the prophets.

Prophetess

PROPH'ETESS, noun A female prophet; a woman who foretells future events, as Miriam, Huldah, Anna, &c. Exodus 15. Judges 4. Luke 2.

Prophetic

PROPHET'IC, or PROPHET'ICAL, adjective Containing prophecy; foretelling future events; as prophetic writings.

2. Unfolding future events; as prophetic dreams.

It has of before the thing foretold.

And fears are oft prophetic of th' event.

Dryden.

Prophetically

PROPHET'ICALLY, adverb By way of prediction; in the manner of prophecy.

Dryden.

Prophetize

PROPH'ETIZE, verb intransitive To give prediction. [Not used.]

Prophylactic

PROPHYLAC'TIC, or PROPHYLAC'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to prevent, to guard against; and, to preserve.]

In medicine, preventive; defending from disease.

Coxe.

Prophylactic

PROPHYLAC'TIC, noun A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.

Coxe.

Propination

PROPINA'TION, noun [Latin propinatio, propino; Greek and, to drink.]

The act of pledging, or drinking first and then offering the cup to another.

Potter.

Propine

PROPI'NE, verb transitive [Latin propino, supra.] To pledge; to drink first and then offer the cup to another. [Not used.]

2. To expose. [Not used.]

Propinquity

PROPIN'QUITY, noun [Latin propinquitas, from propinquus, near.]

1. Nearness in place; neighborhood.

Ray.

2. Nearness in time.

Brown.

3. Nearness of blood; kindred.

Shak.

Propitiable

PROPI'TIABLE, adjective [See Propitiate.] That may be induced to favor, or that may be made propitious.

Propitiate

PROPI'TIATE, verb transitive [Latin propitio. Qu. pro, and the root of Latin pio, pity.]

To conciliate; to appease one offended and render him favorable; to make propitious.

Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage,

The god propitiate and the pest assuage.

Pope.

Propitiated

PROPI'TIATED, participle passive Appeased and rendered favorable; conciliated.

Propitiating

PROPI'TIATING, participle of the present tense Conciliating; appeasing the wrath of and rendering favorable.

Propitiation

PROPITIATION, n. propisia'shon. [French; from propitiate.]

1. The act of appeasing wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person; the act of making propitious.

2. In theology, the atonement or atoning sacrifice offered to God to assuage his wrath and render him propitious to sinners. Christ is the propitiation for the sins of men. Romans 3:1 John 2.

Propitiator

PROPITIA'TOR, noun One who propitiates.

Sherwood.

Propitiatory

PROPI'TIATORY, adjective Having the power to make propitious; as a propitiatory sacrifice.

Stillingfleet.

Propitiatory

PROPI'TIATORY, noun Among the Jews, the mercy-seat; the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within and without with plates of gold. This was a type of Christ.

Encyc.

Propitious

PROPI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin propitius.] Favorable; kind; applied to men.

2. Disposed to be gracious or merciful; ready to forgive sins and bestow blessings; applied to God.

3. Favorable; as a propitious season.

Propitiously

PROPI'TIOUSLY, adverb Favorably; kindly.

Roscommon.

Propitiousness

PROPI'TIOUSNESS, noun Kindness; disposition to treat another kindly; disposition to forgive.

2. Favorableness; as the propitiousness of the season or climate.

Temple.

Proplasm

PRO'PLASM, noun [Greek and, a device.] A mold; a matrix.

Woodward.

Proplastice

PROPLAS'TICE, noun [supra.] The art of making molds for castings.

Propolis

PRO'POLIS, noun [Greek before the city, or the front of the city.]

A thick odorous substance having some resemblance to wax and smelling like storax; used by bees to stop the holes and crevices in their hives to prevent the entrance of cold air, &c. Pliny represents it as the third coat; the first he calls commosis; the second pissoceros; the third, more solid than the others, he calls propolis.

Plin. Nat. Hist.

This account of the propolis may not be perfectly correct, as authors do not agree in their descriptions of it.

Proponent

PROPO'NENT, noun [Latin proponens; pro and pono, to place.]

One that makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition.

Dryden.

Proportion

PROPORTION, noun [Latin proportio; pro and portio, part or share. See Portion.]

1. The comparative relation of any one thing to another. Let a man's exertions be in proportion to his strength.

2. The identity or similitude of two ratios. Proportion differs from ratio. Ratio is the relation which determines the quantity of one thing from the quantity of another, without the intervention of a third. Thus the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2; the ratio of 8 and 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus 5 is to 10, as 8 to 16, or A is to B, as C is to D; that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10, as 8 does to 16. Hence we say, such numbers are in proportion.

Encyc.

Proportion, in mathematics, an equality of ratios.

Day.

The term proportion is sometimes improperly used for ratio. The ratio between two quantities, is expressed by the quotient of one divided by the other: thus, the ratio of 10 to 5 is 2, and the ratio of 16 to 8 is 2. These two equal ratios constitute a proportion, which is expressed by saying, 10 is to 5 as 16 is to 8; or more concisely, 10 : 5 : : 16 : 8. [See Ratio.]

Dutch Olmsted.

3. In arithmetic, a rule by which, when three numbers are given, a fourth number is found, which bears the same relation to the third as the second does to the first; or a fourth number is found, bearing the same relation to the second as the first does to the third. The former is called direct, and the latter, inverse proportion.

4. Symmetry; suitable adaptation of one part or thing to another; as the proportion of one limb to another in the human body; the proportion of the length and breadth of a room to its highth.

Harmony, with every grace,

Plays in the fair proportions of her face.

Mrs. Carter.

5. Equal or just share; as, to ascertain the proportion of profit to which each partner in a company is entitled.

6. Form; size. [Little used.]

Davies.

7. The relation between unequal things of the same kind, by which their several parts correspond to each other with an equal augmentation and diminution, as in reducing and enlarging figures.

Encyc.

[This more properly belongs to ratio.]

Harmonical or musical proportion, is when, of three numbers, the first is to the third as the difference of the first and second to the difference of the second and third. Thus 2. 3. 6. are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. So also four numbers are harmonical, when the first is to the fourth, as the difference of the first and second is to the difference of the third and fourth. Thus, 24. 16. 12. 9. are harmonical, for 24 : 9 : : 8 : 3.

Encyc.

Arithmetical and geometrical proportion. [See Progression, No. 4.]

Reciprocal proportion, an equality between a direct and a reciprocal ratio. Thus, 4 : 2 : : 1/3 : 1/6. [See Reciprocals, and Reciprocal ratio.]

Proportion

PROPORTION, verb transitive To adjust the comparative relation of one thing or one part to another; as, to proportion the size of a building to its highth, or the thickness of a thing to its length; to proportion our expenditures to our income.

In the loss of an object, we do not proportion our grief to its real value, but to the value our fancies set upon it.

Addison.

2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.

Proportionable

PROPORTIONABLE, adjective That may be proportioned or made proportional. This is the true sense of the word; but it is erroneously used in the sense of proportional, being in proportion; having a due comparative relation; as infantry with a proportionable number of horse.

Proportionably

PROPORTIONABLY, adverb According to proportion or comparative relation; as a large body, with limbs proportionably large.

Proportional

PROPORTIONAL, adjective [Italian proporzionale; French proportionnel.]

Having a due comparative relation; being in suitable proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional. In pharmacy, medicines are compounded of certain proportional quantities of ingredients. The velocity of a moving body is proportional to the impelling force, when the quantity of matter is given; its momentum is proportional to the quantity of matter it contains, when its velocity is given.

Proportional, in chimistry, a term employed in the theory of definite proportions, to denote the same as the weight of an atom or a prime. [See Prime.]

Proportionals, in geometry, are quantities, either linear or numeral, which bear the same ratio or relation to each other.

Encyc.

Proportionality

PROPORTIONAL'ITY, noun The quality of being in proportion.

Grew.

Proportionally

PROPORTIONALLY, adverb In proportion; in due degree; with suitable comparative relation; as all parts of a building being proportionally large.

Proportionate

PROPORTIONATE, adjective Adjusted to something else according to a certain rate or comparative relation; proportional.

The connection between the end and means is proportionate.

Grew.

Punishment should be proportionate to the transgression.

Locke.

Proportionate

PROPORTIONATE, verb transitive To proportion; to make proportional; to adjust according to a settled rate or to due comparative relation; as, to proportionate punishments to crimes. [This verb is less used than proportion.]

Proportionately

PROPORTIONATELY, adverb With due proportion; according to a settled or suitable rate or degree.

Pearson.

Proportionateness

PROPORTIONATENESS, noun The state of being adjusted by due or settled proportion or comparative relation; suitableness of proportions.

Hale.

Proportioned

PROPORTIONED, participle passive Made or adjusted with due proportion or with symmetry of parts.

Proportioning

PROPORTIONING, participle of the present tense Making proportional.

Proportionless

PROPORTIONLESS, adjective Without proportion; without symmetry of parts.

Proposal

PROPO'SAL, n. s as z. [from propose.]

1. That which is offered or propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design, terms or conditions proposed; as, to make proposals for a treaty of peace; to offer proposals for erecting a building; to make proposals of marriage; proposals for subscription to a loan or to a literary work.

2. Offer to the mind; as the proposal of an agreeable object.

South.

Propose

PROPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French proposer; Latin propono, proposui; Welsh posiaw, to pose, that is, to set; literally to put or throw forward.]

1. To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption; as, to propose a bill or resolve to a legislative body; to propose terms of peace; to propose a question or subject for discussion; to propose an alliance by treaty or marriage; to propose alterations or amendments in a law.

2. To offer or present for consideration.

In learning any thing, as little as possible should be proposed to the mind at first.

Watts.

To propose to one's self, to intend; to design; to form a design in the mind.

Propose

PROPO'SE, verb intransitive To lay schemes. [Not in use.]

Shak.

[Propose is often used for purpose; as, I propose to ride to New York to-morrow. Purpose and propose are different forms of the same word.]

Proposed

PROPO'SED, participle passive Offered or presented for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption.

Proposer

PROPO'SER, noun One that offers any thing for consideration or adoption.

Locke.

Proposing

PROPO'SING, participle of the present tense Offering for consideration, acceptance or adoption.

Proposition

PROPOSI'TION, n. s as z. [French from Latin propositio, from propositus, propono.]

1. That which is proposed; that which is offered for consideration, acceptance or adoption; a proposal; offer of terms. The enemy made propositions of peace; the propositions were not accepted.

2. In logic, one of the three parts of a regular argument; the part of an argument in which some quality, negative or positive, is attributed to a subject; as, ``snow is white;' ``water is fluid;' ``vice is not commendable.'

3. In mathematics, a statement in terms of either a truth to be demonstrated, or an operation to be performed. It is called a theorem, when it is something to be proved; and a problem, when it is something to be done.

Dutch Olmsted.

4. In oratory, that which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discourse; any thing stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.

5. In poetry, the first part of a poem, in which the author states the subject or matter of it. Horace recommends modesty and simplicity in the proposition of a poem.

Propositional

PROPOSI'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a proposition; considered as a proposition; as a propositional sense.

Watts.

Propound

PROPOUND', verb transitive [Latin propono; pro and pono, to set, put or place.]

1. To propose; to offer for consideration; as, to propound a rule of action.

Wotton.

The existence of the church hath been propounded as an object of faith.

Pearson.

2. To offer; to exhibit; to propose; as, to propound a question.

Shak.

3. In congregational churches, to propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion with a church. Persons intending to make public profession of their faith, and thus unite with the church, are propounded before the church and congregation; that is, their intention is notified some days previous, for the purpose of giving opportunity to members of the church to object to their admission to such communion, if they see cause.

Propounded

PROPOUND'ED, participle passive Proposed; offered for consideration.

Propounder

PROPOUND'ER, noun One that proposes or offers for consideration.

Propounding

PROPOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Proposing; offering for consideration.

Propped

PROP'PED, participle passive [from prop.] Supported; sustained by something placed under.

Propping

PROP'PING, participle of the present tense Supporting by something beneath.

Proprefect

PROPRE'FECT, noun Among the Romans, a prefect's lieutenant commissioned to do a part of the duty of the prefect.

Encyc.

Propretor

PROPRE'TOR, noun [Latin proproetor.] Among the Romans, a magistrate who, having discharged the office of pretor at home, was sent into a province to command there with his former pretorial authority; also, an officer sent extraordinarily into the provinces to administer justice with the authority of pretor.

Encyc.

Proprietary

PROPRI'ETARY, noun [French proprietaire, from proprietÃƒ-©.]

1. A proprietor or owner; one who has the exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses or holds the title to a thing in his own right. The grantees of Pennsylvania and Maryland and their heirs were called the proprietaries of those provinces.

2. In monasteries, such monks were called proprietaries, as had reserved goods and effects to themselves, notwithstanding their renunciation of all at the time of their profession.

Encyc.

Proprietary

PROPRI'ETARY, adjective Belonging to a proprietor or owner, or to a proprietary. The governments of Pennsylvania and Maryland were formerly proprietary.

Proprietor

PROPRI'ETOR, noun [from Latin proprietas, proprius.]

An owner; the person who has the legal right or exclusive title to any thing whether in possession or not; as the proprietor of a farm or of a mill. By the gift of God, man is constituted the proprietor of the earth.

Proprietress

PROPRI'ETRESS, noun A female who has the exclusive legal right to a thing.

L'Estrange.

Propriety

PROPRI'ETY, noun [French proprietÃƒ-©; Latin proprietas, from proprius.]

1. Property; peculiar or exclusive right of possession; ownership. [This primary sense of the word, as used by Locke, Milton,

Dryden, &c. seems now to be nearly or wholly obsolete. See Property.]

2. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; consonance with established principles, rules or customs; justness; accuracy. Propriety of conduct, in a moral sense, consists in its conformity to the moral law; propriety of behavior, consists in conformity to the established rules of decorum; propriety in language, is correctness in the use of words and phrases, according to established usage, which constitutes the rule of speaking and writing.

3. Proper state.

Shak.

Propt

PROPT. [See Propped.]

Propugn

PROPUGN, v. t. propu'ne. [Latin propugno; pro and pugno, to fight.]

To contend for; to defend; to vindicate. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Propugnacle

PROPUG'NACLE, noun [Latin propugnaculum.] A fortress. [Not used.]

Howell.

Propugnation

PROPUGNA'TION, noun [Latin propugnatio.] Defense. [Not used.]

Shak.

Propugner

PROPUGNER, n. propu'ner. A defender; a vindicator.

Propulsation

PROPULSA'TION, noun [Latin propulsatio, propulso. See Propel.]

The act of driving away or repelling; the keeping at a distance.

Hall.

Propulse

PROPULSE, v. t. propuls'. [Latin propulso; pro and pulso, to strike. See Propel.]

To repel; to drive off. [Little used.]

Cotgrave.

Propulsion

PROPUL'SION, noun [Latin propulsus, propello. See Propel.] The act of driving forward.

Bacon.

Pro rata, [Latin] in proportion.

Prore

PRORE, noun [Latin prora.] The prow or fore part of a ship. [Not in use, except in poetry.]

Pope.

Pro re nata, [Latin] according to exigences or circumstances.

Prorogation

PROROGA'TION, noun [Latin prorogatio. See Prorogue.]

1. Continuance in time or duration; a lengthening or prolongation of time; as the prorogation of something already possessed. [This use is uncommon.]

South.

2. In England, the continuance of parliament from one session to another, as an adjournment is a continuance of the session from day to day. This is the established language with respect to the parliament of Great Britain. In the United States, the word is, I believe, rarely or never used; adjournment being used not only in its etymological sense, but for prorogation also.

Prorogue

PROROGUE, v. t. prorog. [French proroger; Latin prorogo; pro and rogo. The latter word signifies to ask, or to propose; but the primary sense is to reach, to stretch forward; and this is its import in the derivative prorogo.]

1. To protract; to prolong.

He prorogued his government.

Dryden.

2. To defer; to delay; as, to prorogue death.

Shak.

[In the foregoing senses, the word is now rarely used.]

3. To continue the parliament from one session to another. Parliament is prorogued by the king's authority, either by the lord chancellor in his majesty's presence, or by commission, or by proclamation.

Blackstone.

Proruption

PRORUP'TION, noun [Latin proruptus, prorumpo; pro and rumpo, to burst.]

The act of bursting forth; a bursting out.

Brown.

Prosaic

PROSA'IC, a. s as z. [Latin prosaicus, from prosa, prose; French prosaique.]

Pertaining to prose; resembling prose; not restricted by numbers; applied to writings; as a prosaic composition.

Prosal

PRO'SAL, adjective Prosaic. [Not used.]

Brown.

Proscribe

PROSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin proscribo; pro and scribo, to write. The sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.]

1. To doom to destruction; to put one out of the protection of law, and promise a reward for his head. Sylla and Marius proscribed each other's adherents.

2. To put out of the protection of the law.

Robert Vere, earl of Oxford, was banished the realm and proscribed.

Spenser.

3. To denounce and condemn as dangerous and not worthy of reception; to reject utterly.

In the year 325, the Arian doctrines were proscribed and anathematized by the council of Nice.

Waterland.

4. To censure and condemn as utterly unworthy of reception.

South.

5. To interdict; as, to proscribe the use of ardent spirits.

Proscribed

PROSCRI'BED, participle passive Doomed to destruction; denounced as dangerous, or as unworthy of reception; condemned; banished.

Proscriber

PROSCRI'BER, noun One that dooms to destruction; one that denounces as dangerous, or as utterly unworthy of reception.

Proscribing

PROSCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Dooming to destruction; denouncing as unworthy of protection or reception; condemning; banishing.

Proscription

PROSCRIP'TION, noun [Latin proscriptio.] The act of proscribing or dooming to death; among the Romans, the public offer of a reward for the head of a political enemy. Such were the proscriptions of Sylla and Marius. Under the triumvirate, many of the best Roman citizens fell by proscription.

2. A putting out of the protection of law condemning to exile.

3. Censure and condemnation; utter rejection.

Proscriptive

PROSCRIP'TIVE, adjective Pertaining to or consisting in proscription; proscribing.

Burke.

Prose

PROSE, n. s as z. [Latin Italian Spanish prosa; French prose. Qu. orient., or.]

1. The natural language of man; language loose and unconfined to poetical measure, as opposed to verse or metrical composition.

Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.

Milton.

2. A prayer used in the Romish church on particular days.

Harmar.

Prose

PROSE, verb transitive To write in prose.

Milton.

2. To make a tedious relation.

Mason.

Prosecute

PROS'ECUTE, verb transitive [Latin prosecutus, prosequor; pro and sequor, to follow, to seek. See Essay.]

1. To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute or accomplish; to continue endeavors to obtain or complete; to continue efforts already begun; as, to prosecute a scheme; to prosecute an undertaking. The great canal in the state of New York has been prosecuted with success.

That which is morally good is to be desired and prosecuted.

Wilkins.

This word signifies either to begin and carry on, or simply to continue what has been begun. When I say, ``I have devised a plan which I have not the courage or means to prosecute,' the word signifies to begin to execute. When we say, ``the nation began a war which it had not means to prosecute,' it signifies to continue to carry on. The latter is the genuine sense of the word, but both are well authorized. We prosecute any work of the hands or of the head. We prosecute a purpose, an enterprise, a work, studies, inquiries, &c.

2. To seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right in a court of law.

3. To accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribunal; as, to prosecute a man for trespass or for a riot. It is applied to civil suits for damages, as well as to criminal suits, but not to suits for debt. We never say, a man prosecutes another on a bond or note, or in assumpsit; but he prosecutes his right or claim in an action of debt, detinue, trover or assumpsit. So we say, a man prosecutes another for assault and battery, for a libel or for slander, or for breaking his close. In these cases, prosecute signifies to begin and to continue a suit. The attorney general prosecutes offenders in the name of the king or of the state, by information or indictment.

Prosecute differs from persecute, as in law it is applied to legal proceedings only, whereas persecute implies cruelty, injustice or oppression.

Prosecuted

PROS'ECUTED, participle passive Pursued, or begun and carried on for execution or accomplishment, as a scheme; pursued for redress or punishment in a court of law, as a person; demanded in law, as a right or claim.

Prosecuting

PROS'ECUTING, participle of the present tense Pursuing, or begining and carrying on for accomplishment; pursuing for redress or punishment; suing for, as a right or claim.

Prosecution

PROSECU'TION, noun The act or process of endeavoring to gain or accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as the prosecution of a scheme, plan, design or undertaking; the prosecution of war or of commerce; the prosecution of a work, study, argument or inquiry.

2. The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some wrong. The prosecution of a claim in chancery is very expensive. Malicious prosecutions subject the offender to punishment.

3. The institution or commencement and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judgment; as prosecutions of the crown or of the state by the attorney or solicitor general. Prosecutions may be by presentment, information or indictment.

Blackstone.

Prosecutor

PROS'ECUTOR, noun One who pursues or carries on any purpose, plan or business.

2. The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit in a legal tribunal, or one who exhibits criminal charges against an offender. The attorney general is the prosecutor for the king or state.

Blackstone.

Proselyte

PROS'ELYTE, noun [French proselyte; Italian prosolita; Greek; and, to come;.]

A new convert to some religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system or party. Thus a Gentile converted to Judaism is a proselyte; a pagan converted to christianity is a proselyte; and we speak familiarly of proselytes to the theories of Brown, of Black, or of Lavoisier. The word primarily refers to converts to some religious creed.

Proselyte

PROS'ELYTE, verb transitive To make a convert to some religion, or to some opinion or system.

Macknight.

Proselytism

PROS'ELYTISM, noun The making of converts to a religion or religious sect, or to any opinion, system or party.

They were possessed with a spirit of proselytism in the most fanatical degree.

Burke.

2. Conversion to a system or creed.

Proselytize

PROS'ELYTIZE, to make converts, or to convert, is not well authorized, or not in common use, and is wholly unnecessary.

Prosemination

PROSEMINA'TION, noun [Latin proseminatus; pro and semino, to sow.]

Propagation by seed. [Not used.]

Hale.

Prosenneahedral

PROSENNEAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, and.]

In crystalography, having nine faces on two adjacent parts of the crystal.

Proser

PRO'SER, n. s as z. [from prose.] A writer of prose.

Drayton.

2. In cant language, one who makes a tedious narration of uninteresting matters.

Prosodial

PROSO'DIAL, or PROSOD'ICAL, adjective [from prosody.] Pertaining to prosody or the quantity and accents of syllables; according to the rules of prosody.

Warton. Ed. Dispens.

Prosodian

PROSO'DIAN, noun [from prosody.] One skilled in prosody or in the rules of pronunciation and metrical composition.

Prosodist

PROS'ODIST, noun [from prosody.] One who understands prosody.

Walker.

Prosody

PROS'ODY, noun [French prosodie; Latin prosodia; Greek; and, an ode.]

That part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification. It includes also the art of adjusting the accent and metrical arrangement of syllables in compositions for the lyre.

Prosopolepsy

PROSOPOLEP'SY, noun [Greek.] Respect of persons; more particularly, a premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed by a view of his external appearance.

Moore. Addison.

Prosopopeia

PROSOPOPE'IA, or PROS'OPOPY, noun [Greek; person, and, to make.]

A figure in rhetoric by which things are represented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated beings, or by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present. It includes personification, but is more extensive in its signification.

Encyc.

Prospect

PROS'PECT, noun [Latin prospectus, prospicio, to look forward; pro and specio, to see.]

1. View of things within the reach of the eye.

Eden and all the coast in prospect lay.

Milton.

2. View of things to come; intellectual sight; expectation. The good man enjoys the prospect of future felicity.

3. That which is presented to the eye; the place and the objects seen. There is a noble prospect from the dome of the state house in Boston, a prospect diversified with land and water, and every thing that can please the eye.

4. Object of view.

Man to himself

Is a large prospect.

Denham.

5. View delineated or painted; picturesque representation of a landscape.

Reynolds.

6. Place which affords an extended view.

Milton.

7. Position of the front of a building; as a prospect towards the south or north. Ezekiel 40.

8. Expectation, or ground of expectation. There is a prospect of a good harvest. A man has a prospect of preferment; or he has little prospect of success.

Washington.

9. A looking forward; a regard to something future.

Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, who lays designs only for a day, without any prospect to or provision for the remaining part of life? [Little used.]

Tillotson.

Prospection

PROSPEC'TION, noun The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants.

Paley.

Prospective

PROSPECT'IVE, adjective Looking forward in time; regarding the future; opposed to retrospective.

The supporting of Bible societies is one of the points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no prospective bearing.

Welsh Jay.

2. Acting with foresight.

The French king and king of Sweden, are circumspect, industrious and prospective in this affair.

Child.

3. Pertaining to a prospect; viewing at a distance.

Milton.

4. Furnishing an extensive prospect.

Dwight.

Prospectively

PROSPECT'IVELY, adverb With reference to the future.

Prospectus

PROSPECT'US, noun [Latin] The plan of a literary work, containing the general subject or design, with the manner and terms of publication, and sometimes a specimen of it.

Prosper

PROS'PER, verb transitive [Latin prospero, from prosperus, from the Greek, to carry to or toward; and, to bear.]

To favor; to render successful.

All things concur to prosper our design.

Dryden.

Prosper

PROS'PER, verb intransitive To be successful; to succeed.

The Lord made all that he did to prosper in his hand. Genesis 39.

He that covereth his sins, shall not prosper. Proverbs 28.

2. To grow or increase; to thrive; to make gain; as, to prosper in business. Our agriculture, commerce and manufactures now prosper.

Prospered

PROS'PERED, participle passive Having success; favored.

Prospering

PROS'PERING, participle of the present tense Rendering successful; advancing in growth, wealth or any good.

Prosperity

PROSPER'ITY, noun [Latin prosperitas.] Advance or gain in any thing good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; success; attainment of the object desired; as the prosperity of arts; agricultural or commercial prosperity; national prosperity. Our disposition to abuse the blessings of providence renders prosperity dangerous.

The prosperity of fools shall destroy them. Proverbs 1.

Prosperous

PROS'PEROUS, adjective [Latin prosperus.] Advancing in the pursuit of any thing desirable; making gain or increase; thriving; successful; as a prosperous trade; a prosperous voyage; a prosperous expedition or undertaking; a prosperous man, family or nation; a prosperous war.

The seed shall be prosperous; the vine shall give her fruit. Zechariah 8.

2. Favorable; favoring success; as a prosperous wind.

Denham.

Prosperously

PROS'PEROUSLY, adverb With gain or increase; successfully.

Bacon.

Prosperousness

PROS'PEROUSNESS, noun The state of being successful; prosperity.

Prospicience

PROSPI'CIENCE, noun [Latin prospiciens.] The act of looking forward.

Dict.

Prostate

PROS'TATE, adjective [from Greek, to set before.]

In anatomy, the prostate gland is a gland situated just before the neck of the bladder in males, and surrounding the beginning of the urethra. It is situated on the under and posterior part of the neck of the bladder, so as to surround the lower side of the urethra.

Encyc. Wistar.

Prosternation

PROSTERNA'TION, noun [Latin prosterno, to prostrate; pro and sterno.]

A state of being cast down; dejection; depression. [Little used.]

Wiseman.

Prosthesis

PROS'THESIS, or PROTH'ESIS, noun [Greek] In surgery, the addition of an artificial part to supply a defect of the body; as a wooden leg, &c.

Quincy. Coxe.

Prosthetic

PROSTHET'IC, adjective [Greek.] Prefixed, as a letter to a word.

Prostitute

PROS'TITUTE, verb transitive [Latin prostituo; pro and statuo, to set.]

1. To offer freely to a lewd use, or to indiscriminate lewdness.

Do not prostitute thy daughter. Leviticus 19.

2. To give up to any vile or infamous purpose; to devote to any thing base; to sell to wickedness; as, to prostitute talents to the propagation of infidel principles; to prostitute the press to the publication of blasphemy.

3. To offer or expose upon vile terms or to unworthy persons.

Tillotson.

Prostitute

PROS'TITUTE, adjective Openly devoted to lewdness; sold to wickedness or to infamous purposes.

Made bold by want and prostitute for bread.

Prior.

Prostitute

PROS'TITUTE, noun A female given to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet.

Dryden.

2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.

No hireling she, no prostitute to praise.

Pope.

Prostituted

PROS'TITUTED, participle passive Offered to common lewdness; devoted to base purposes.

Prostituting

PROS'TITUTING, participle of the present tense Offering to indiscriminate lewdness; devoting to infamous uses.

Prostitution

PROSTITU'TION, noun [French from Latin prostituo.]

1. The act or practice of offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a female.

Spectator.

2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or offering one's self to infamous employments; as the prostitution of talents or abilities.

Prostitutor

PROS'TITUTOR, noun One who prostitutes; one who submits himself or offers another to vile purposes.

Prostrate

PROS'TRATE, adjective [Latin prostratus, from prosterno, to lay flat; pro and sterno.]

1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other surface.

Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire.

Milton.

2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant.

Shak. Chapman.

3. Lying in the posture of humility or adoration.

Milton. Pope.

Prostrate

PROS'TRATE, verb transitive To lay flat; to throw down; as, to prostrate the body; to prostrate trees or plants.

2. To throw down; to overthrow; to demolish; to ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to prostrate law or justice; to prostrate the honor of a nation.

3. To prostrate one's self, to throw one's self down or to fall in humility or adoration.

Duppa.

4. To bow in humble reverence.

5. To sink totally; to reduce; as, to prostrate strength.

Prostrated

PROS'TRATED, participle passive Laid at length; laid flat; thrown down; destroyed.

Prostrating

PROS'TRATING, participle of the present tense Laying flat; throwing down; destroying.

Prostration

PROSTRA'TION, noun The act of throwing down or laying flat; as the prostration of the body, of trees or of corn.

2. The act of falling down, or the act of bowing in humility or adoration; primarily, the act of falling on the face, but it is now used for kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.

3. Great depression; dejection; as a prostration of spirits.

4. Great loss of natural strength and vigor; that state of the body in disease in which the system is passive and requires powerful stimulants to excite it into action.

Coxe.

Prostyle

PRO'STYLE, noun [Greek; and, a column.]

In architecture, a range of columns in the front of a temple.

Encyc.

Prosyllogism

PROSYL'LOGISM, noun [pro and syllogism.] A prosyllogism is when two or more syllogisms are so connected that the conclusion of the former is the major or minor of the following.

Watts.

Protasis

PRO'TASIS, noun [Greek, from, to present.]

1. A proposition; a maxim.

Johnson.

2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a comic or tragic piece, in which the several persons are shown, their characters intimated, and the subject proposed and entered on. The protasis might extend to two acts, where it ended, and the epitasis commenced.

Encyc.

Protatic

PROTAT'IC, adjective [Greek.] Being placed in the beginning; previous.

Dryden.

Protean

PRO'TEAN, adjective Pertaining to Proteus; readily assuming different shapes. [See Proteus.]

Protect

PROTECT', verb transitive [Latin protectus, protego; pro and tego, to cover; Greek, with a prefix; deck. See Deck.]

To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; a word of general import both in a literal and figurative sense. Walls protect a city or garrison; clothing is designed to protect the body from cold; arms may protect one from an assault; our houses protect us from the inclemencies of the weather; the law protects our persons and property; the father protects his children, and the guardian his ward; a shade protects us from extreme heat; a navy protects our commerce and our shores; embassadors are protected from arrest.

Protected

PROTECT'ED, participle passive Covered or defended from injury; preserved in safety.

Protecting

PROTECT'ING, participle of the present tense Shielding from injury; defending; preserving in safety.

Protection

PROTEC'TION, noun The act of protecting; defense; shelter from evil; preservation from loss, injury or annoyance. We find protection under good laws and an upright administration. How little are men disposed to acknowledge divine protection!

2. That which protects or preserves from injury.

Let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. Deuteronomy 32.

3. A writing that protects; a passport or other writing which secures from molestation.

4. Exemption. Embassadors at foreign courts are entitled to protection from arrest. Members of parliament, representatives and senators, are entitled to protection from arrest during their attendance on the legislature, as are suitors and witnesses attending a court.

Writ of protection, a writ by which the king of Great Britain exempts a person from arrest.

Blackstone.

Protective

PROTECT'IVE, adjective Affording protection; sheltering; defensive.

Thomson.

Protector

PROTECT'OR, noun [French protecteur.] One that defends or shields from injury, evil or oppression; a defender; a guardian. The king or sovereign is, or ought to be, the protector of the nation; the husband is the protector of his wife, and the father of his children.

2. In England, one who formerly had the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent. Cromwell assumed the title of lord Protector.

3. In catholic countries, every nation and every religious order has a protector residing at Rome. He is a cardinal, and called cardinal protector.

Protectorate

PROTECT'ORATE, noun Government by a protector.

Walpole.

Protectorship

PROTECT'ORSHIP, noun The office of a protector or regent.

Burnet.

Protectress

PROTECT'RESS, noun A woman or female that protects.

Bacon. Addison.

Protend

PROTEND', verb transitive [Latin protendo; pro and tendo, to stretch.]

To hold out; to stretch forth.

With his protended lance he makes defense.

Dryden.

Protended

PROTEND'ED, participle passive Reached or stretched forth.

Mitford.

Protending

PROTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Stretching forth.

Protense

PROTENSE, n. protens'. Extension. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Protervity

PROTERV'ITY, noun [Latin protervitas, from protervus; pro and torvus, crabbed.] Peevishness; petulance. [Little used.]

Protest

PROTEST', verb intransitive [Latin protestor; pro and testor, to affirm; Italian protestare; French protester; Spanish protestar.]

1. To affirm with solemnity; to make a solemn declaration of a fact or opinion; as, I protest to you, I have no knowledge of the transaction.

2. To make a solemn declaration expressive of opposition; with against; as, he protests against your votes.

Denham.

The conscience has power to protest against the exorbitancies of the passions.

South.

3. To make a formal declaration in writing against a public law or measure. It is the privilege of any lord in parliament to protest against a law or resolution.

Protest

PROTEST', verb transitive To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation.

Fiercely they oppos'd

My journey strange, with clamorous uproar Protesting fate supreme.

Milton.

2. To prove; to show; to give evidence of. [Not in use.]

Shak.

3. In commerce, to protest a bill of exchange, is for a notary public, at the request of the payee, to make a formal declaration under hand and seal, against the drawer of the bill, on account of non-acceptance or non-payment, for exchange, cost, commissions, damages and interest; of which act the indorser must be notified within such time as the law or custom prescribes. In like manner, notes of hand given to a banking corporation are protested for nonpayment.

Protest

PRO'TEST, noun A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly against some act; appropriately, a formal and solemn declaration in writing of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as the protest of lords in parliament, or a like declaration of dissent of any minority against the proceedings of a majority of a body of men.

2. In commerce, a formal declaration made by a notary public, under hand and seal, at the request of the payee or holder of a bill of exchange, for non-acceptance or non-payment of the same, protesting against the drawer and others concerned, for the exchange, charges, damages and interest. This protest is written on a copy of the bill, and notice given to the indorser of the same, by which he becomes liable to pay the amount of the bill, with charges, damages and interest; also, a like declaration against the drawer of a note of hand for non-payment to a banking corporation, and of the master of a vessel against seizure, &c. A protest is also a writing attested by a justice of the peace or consul, drawn by the master of a vessel, stating the severity of the voyage by which the ship has suffered, and showing that the damage suffered was not owing to the neglect or misconduct of the master.

Protestant

PROT'ESTANT, adjective Pertaining to those who, at the reformation of religion, protested against a decree of Charles V. and the diet of Spires; pertaining to the adherents of Luther, or others of the reformed churches; as the protestant religion.

Addison. Milner.

Protestant

PROT'ESTANT, noun One of the party who adhered to Luther at the reformation in 1529, and protested, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from a decree of the emperor Charles V. and the diet of Spires, and appealed to a general council. This name was afterwards extended to the followers of Calvin, and Protestants is the denomination now given to all who belong to the reformed churches. The king of Prussia has, however, interdicted the use of this name in his dominions.

Protestantism

PROT'ESTANTISM, noun The protestant religion.

South.

Protestantly

PROT'ESTANTLY, adverb In conformity to the protestants. [A very bad word and not used.]

Milton.

Protestation

PROTESTA'TION, noun [French; from protest.]

1. A solemn declaration of a fact, opinion or resolution.

Hooker.

2. A solemn declaration of dissent; a protest; as the protestation of certain noblemen against an order of council.

Clarendon.

3. In law, a declaration in pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist. The lord may alledge the villenage of the plaintif by way of protestation, and thus deny the demand.

Blackstone.

Protested

PROTEST'ED, participle passive Solemnly declared or alledged: declared against for non-acceptance or non-payment.

Protester

PROTEST'ER, noun One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration.

2. One who protests a bill of exchange.

Protesting

PROTEST'ING, participle of the present tense Solemnly declaring or affirming; declaring against for non-acceptance or non-payment.

Proteus

PRO'TEUS, noun [Latin from Greek.] In mythology, a marine deity, the son of Oceanus and Tethys, whose distinguishing characteristic was the faculty of assuming different shapes. Hence we denominate one who easily changes his form or principles, a Proteus.

Prothonotariship

PROTHON'OTARISHIP, noun The office of a prothonotary. [An awkward, harsh word and little used.]

Carew.

Prothonotary

PROTHON'OTARY, noun [Low Latin protonotarius; Greek, first, and Latin notarius, a scribe.]

1. Originally, the chief notary; and anciently, the title of the principal notaries of the emperors of Constantinople. Hence,

2. In England, an officer in the court of king's bench and common pleas. The prothonotary of the king's bench records all civil actions. In the common pleas, the prothonotaries, of which there are three, enter and enroll all declarations, pleadings, judgments, &c., make out judicial writs and exemplifications of records, enter recognizances, &c.

Encyc.

3. In the United States, a register or clerk of a court. The word however is not applied to any officer, except in particular states.

Apostolical prothonotaries, in the court of Rome, are twelve persons constituting a college, who receive the last wills of cardinals, make informations and proceedings necessary for the canonization of saints, &c.

Encyc.

Protocol

PRO'TOCOL, noun [Low Latin protocollum; Greek, first, and, glue; so called perhaps from the gluing together of pieces of paper, or from the spreading of it on tablets. It was formerly the upper part of a leaf of a book on which the title or name was written.]

1. The original copy of any writing. [Not now used.]

Ayliffe.

2. A record or registry.

Protocolist

PRO'TOCOLIST, noun In Russia, a register or clerk.

Tooke.

Protomartyr

PRO'TOM`ARTYR, noun [Greek, first, and, martyr.]

1. The first martyr; a term applied to Stephen, the first christian martyr.

2. The first who suffers or is sacrificed in any cause.

Dryden.

Protoplast

PRO'TOPLAST, noun [Greek, first, and, formed.]

The original; the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated. Thus Adam has been called our protoplast.

Bryant. Harvey.

Protoplastic

PROTOPLAS'TIC, adjective First formed.

Howell.

Protopope

PRO'TOPOPE, noun [Greek, first, and pope.]

Chief pope or imperial confessor, an officer of the holy directing synod, the supreme spiritual court of the Greek church in Russia.

Tooke, Russ.

Protosulphate

PROTOSUL'PHATE, noun In chimistry, the combination of sulphuric acid with a protoxyd.

Prototype

PRO'TOTYPE, noun [French from Greek; first, and, type, form, model.]

An original or model after which any thing is formed; the pattern of any thing to be engraved, cast, &c.; exemplar; archetype.

Wotton. Encyc.

Protoxyd

PROTOX'YD, noun [Greek, first, and, acid.]

A substance combined with oxygen in the first degree, or an oxyd formed by the first degree or an oxyd formed by the first degree of oxydizement.

Thomson.

Protoxydize

PROTOX'YDIZE, verb transitive To oxydize in the first degree.

Protract

PROTRACT', verb transitive [Latin protractus, from protraho; pro and traho, to draw.]

1. To draw out or lengthen in time; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a discussion; to protract a war or a negotiation.

2. To delay; to defer; to put off to a distant time; as, to protract the decision of a question; to protract the final issue.

Protract

PROTRACT', noun Tedious continuance. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Protracted

PROTRACT'ED, participle passive Drawn out in time; delayed.

Protracter

PROTRACT'ER, noun One who protracts or lengthens in time.

Protracting

PROTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing out or continuing in time; delaying.

Protraction

PROTRAC'TION, noun The act of drawing out or continuing in time; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; as the protraction of a debate.

Protractive

PROTRACT'IVE, adjective Drawing ont or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying.

He suffered their protractive arts.

Dryden.

Protractor

PROTRACT'OR, noun An instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper with accuracy and dispatch, and by which the use of the line of chords is superseded. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular or circular.

Encyc.

Protreptical

PROTREP'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to exhort; and, to turn.]

Hortatory; suasory; intended or adapted to persuade. [Little used.]

Ward.

Protrude

PROTRU'DE, verb transitive [Latin protrudo; pro and trudo, to thrust. See Thrust.]

1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along; as food protruded from the stomach into the intestine.

Locke.

2. To thrust out, as from confinement. The contents of the abdomen are protruded in hernia.

Protrude

PROTRU'DE, verb intransitive To shoot forward; to be thrust forward.

The parts protrude beyond the skin.

Bacon.

Protruded

PROTRU'DED, participle passive Thrust forward or out.

Protruding

PROTRU'DING, participle of the present tense Thrusting forward or out.

Protrusion

PROTRU'SION, n. s as z. The act of thrusting forward or beyond the usual limit; a thrusting or driving; a push.

Locke.

Protrusive

PROTRU'SIVE, adjective Thrusting or impelling forward; as protrusive motion.

Darwin.

Protuberance

PROTU'BERANCE, noun [Latin protuberans, protubero; pro and tuber, a puff, bunch or knob.]

A swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; any thing swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; on the surface of the earth, a hill, knoll or other elevation.

Hale. More.

Protuberance differs from projection, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.

Protuberant

PROTU'BERANT, adjective Swelling; prominent beyond the surrounding surface; as a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye.

Protuberate

PROTU'BERATE, verb intransitive [Latin protubero, supra.]

To swell or be prominent beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out.

If the navel protuberates, make a small puncture with a lancet through the skin.

Sharp.

Protuberation

PROTUBERA'TION, noun The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface.

Cooke.

Protuberous

PROTU'BEROUS, adjective Protuberant.

Smith.

Proud

PROUD, adjective [Saxon prut; Dutch preutsch, proud, prudish, also prat, proud, and pratten, to fret. We find in the Italian, prode is valiant, brave; proda, the prow of a ship; prodezza, prowess; probably of the same family, with the radical sense of swelling, stretching or erecting. See Prude.]

1. Having inordinate self-esteem; possessing a high or unreasonable conceit of one's own excellence, either of body or mind. A man may be proud of his person, of his talents, of his accomplishments or of his achievments. He may be proud of any thing to which he bears some relation. He may be proud of his country, his government, his equipage, or of whatever may, by association, gratify his esteem of himself. He may even be proud of his religion or of his church. He conceives that any thing excellent or valuable, in which he has a share, or to which he stands related, contributes to his own importance, and this conception exalts his opinion of himself. Proud is followed by of, before the object, supra.

2. Arrogant; haughty; supercilious.

A foe so proud will not the weaker seek.

Milton.

3. Daring; presumptuous.

By his understanding he smiteth through the proud. Job 26.

4. Lofty of mien; grand of person; as a proud steed.

Milton.

5. Grand; lofty; splendid; magnificent.

Storms of stones from the proud temple's height.

Dryden.

6. Ostentatious; grand; as proud titles.

Shak.

7. Splendid; exhibiting grandeur and distinction; exciting pride; as a proud day for Rome.

8. Excited by the animal appetite; applied particularly to the female of the canine species.

9. Fungous; as proud flesh.

Sharp.

Proudly

PROUD'LY, adverb With an inordinate selfesteem; in a proud manner; haughtily; ostentatiously; with lofty airs or mien.

Proudly he marches on and void of fear.

Pope.

Provable

PROVABLE, adjective [See Prove.] That may be proved.

Provably

PROVABLY, adverb In a manner capable of proof.

Huloet.

Provand

PRO'VAND, noun Provender. [Not in use.]

Prove

PROVE, verb transitive prÃƒ-¶v. [Saxon profian; Dutch proeven; German probiren; Danish prÃƒ-¶ver; Swedish profva; Welsh provi; Armoric proui, prouein; Latin probo; Italian provare; Spanish probar, to try; French eprouver; Russian probuyu, to prove; probevayu, to pierce, to penetrate, to send by force. The primary sense is to strain, to urge by force, or rather to thrust or drive. The word brow may be of the same family, from its projection. See Probe.]

1. To try; to ascertain some unknown quality or truth by an experiment, or by a test or standard. Thus we prove the strength of gunpowder by experiment; we prove the strength or solidity of cannon by experiment. We prove the contents of a vessel by comparing it with a standard measure.

2. To evince, establish or ascertain as truth, reality or fact, by testimony or other evidence. The plaintif in a suit, must prove the truth of his declaration; the prosecutor must prove his charges against the accused.

3. To evince truth by argument, induction or reasoning; to deduce certain conclusions from propositions that are true or admitted. If it is admitted that every immoral act is dishonorable to a rational being, and that dueling is an immoral act; then it is proved by necessary inference, that dueling is dishonorable to a rational being.

4. To ascertain the genuineness or validity of; to verify; as, to prove a will.

5. To experience; to try by suffering or encountering; to gain certain knowledge by the operation of something on ourselves, or by some act of our own.

Let him in arms the power of Turnus prove.

Dryden.

6. In arithmetic, to show, evince or ascertain the correctness of any operation or result. Thus in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved. In other words, if the sum of the remainder and of the subtrahend, is equal to the minuend, the operation of subtraction is proved to be correct.

7. To try; to examine.

Prove your own selves. 2 Corinthians 13.

8. Men prove God, when by their provocations they put his patience to trial, Psalm 95.; or when by obedience they make trial how much he will countenance such conduct, Malachi 3.

Prove

PROVE, verb intransitive To make trial; to essay.

The sons prepareÃ‚--

To prove by arms whose fate it was to reign.

Dryden.

2. To be found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience or trial; as, a plant or medicine proves salutary.

3. To be ascertained by the event or something subsequent; as the report proves to be true, or proves to be false.

When the inflammation ends in a gangrene, the case proves mortal.

Arbuthnot.

4. To be found true or correct by the result.

5. To make certain; to show; to evince. This argument proves how erroneous is the common opinion.

6. To succeed.

If the experiment proved notÃ‚--

Bacon.

[Not in use.]

Proved

PROVED, participle passive Tried; evinced; experienced.

Proveditor

PROVED'ITOR, or PROVEDO'RE, noun [Italian proveditore, from provedere, to provide. See Provide.]

A purveyor; one employed to procure supplies for an army.

Proveditor, in Venice and other parts of Italy, is an officer who superintends matters of policy.

Encyc.

Provencial

PROVEN'CIAL, adjective [French provenÃƒ-§al.] Pertaining to Provence, in France.

Provender

PROV'ENDER, noun [French provende, provender; Norm. provender, a prebendary; provendre, a prebend; Dutch prove, a prebend; [qu. German, Dutch Swedish proviant, provisions;] Italian provianda, victuals; Irish proantain, provender. The Italian provianda is probably composed of pro and vivanda, victuals, from vivere, Latin vivo, to live, and from vivanda the French have viande, viand. Whether the French provende and Norm. provender are from the same source, may be doubted. The German proviant may be formed from the Latin provideo, Spanish proveer, Portugese provÃƒ-ªr. Qu. Latin proventus. It is said that provend, provender, originally signified a vessel containing a measure of corn daily given to a horse or other beast. But qu. N may be casual in provender, as in messenger, and the word may be from provideo.]

1. Dry food for beasts, usually meal, or a mixture of meal and cut straw or hay. In a more general sense, it may signify dry food of any kind.

Swift. Mortimer.

2. Provisions; meat; food.

Coxe.

[Not used of food for man in New England.]

Prover

PROVER, noun One that proves or tries; that which proves.

Proverb

PROV'ERB, noun [French proverbe; Italian proverbio; Latin proverbium; pro and verbum, a word.]

1. A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience or observation; a maxim of wisdom.

The proverb is true, that light gains make heavy purses, for light gains come often, great gains now and then.

Bacon.

2. A by-word; a name often repeated; and hence frequently, a reproach or object of contempt. Jeremiah 24.

3. In Scripture, it sometimes signifies a moral sentence or maxim that is enigmatical; a dark saying of the wise that requires interpretation. Proverbs 1.

4. Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims, rich in practical truths and excellent rules for the conduct of all classes of men.

Proverb

PROV'ERB, verb transitive To mention in a proverb. [Not in use.]

Milton.

2. To provide with a proverb. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Proverbial

PROVERB'IAL, adjective Mentioned in a proverb; as a proverbial cure or remedy.

In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair of the same beast, to be the worst in the world.

Temple.

2. Comprised in a proverb; used or current as a proverb; as a proverbial saying or speech.

Pope.

3. Pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb; suitable to a proverb; as a proverbial obscurity.

Brown.

Proverbialist

PROVERB'IALIST, noun One who speaks proverbs.

Langhorne.

Proverbialize

PROVERB'IALIZE, verb transitive To make a proverb; to turn into a proverb, or to use proverbially. [Unusual.]

Good.

Proverbially

PROVERB'IALLY, adverb In a proverb; as, it is proverbially said.

Brown.

Provide

PROVI'DE, verb transitive [Latin provideo, literally to see before; pro and video, to see; French pourvoir; Italian provvedere; Spanish proveer; Portugese provÃƒ-ªr.]

1. To procure beforehand; to get, collect or make ready for future use; to prepare.

Abraham said, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt-offering. Genesis 22.

Provide neither gold nor silver nor brass in your purses. Matthew 10.

Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Romans 12.

2. To furnish; to supply; followed by with.

Rome, by the care of the magistrates, was well provided with corn.

Arbuthnot.

Provided of is now obsolete.

3. To stipulate previously. The agreement provides that the party shall incur no loss.

4. To make a previous conditional stipulation. [See Provided.]

5. To foresee; a Latinism. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

6. Provide, in a transitive sense, is followed by against or for. We provide warm clothing against the inclemencies of the weather; we provide necessaries against a time of need; or we provide warm clothing for winter, &c.

Provide

PROVI'DE, verb intransitive To procure supplies or means of defense; or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil. The sagacity of brutes in providing against the inclemencies of the weather is wonderful.

Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants.

Burke.

Provided

PROVI'DED, participle passive Procured beforehand; made ready for future use; supplied; furnished; stipulated.

2. Stipulated as a condition, which condition is expressed in the following sentence or words; as, ``provided that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.' This sentence is in the nature of the case absolute, the clause or sentence independent; ``this or that being provided, which follows;' ``this condition being provided.' The word being is understood, and the participle provided agrees with the whole sentence absolute. ``This condition being previously stipulated or established.' This and that here refer to the whole member of the sentence.

Providence

PROV'IDENCE, noun [French from Latin providentia.]

1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application.

Providence for war is the best prevention of it. [Now little used.]

Bacon.

2. Foresight; timely care; particularly, active foresight, or foresight accompanied with the procurement of what is necessary for future use, or with suitable preparation. How many of the troubles and perplexities of life proceed from want of providence!

3. In theology, the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. He that acknowledges a creation and denies a providence, involves himself in a palpable contradiction; for the same power which caused a thing to exist is necessary to continue its existence. Some persons admit a general providence, but deny a particular providence, not considering that a general providence consists of particulars. A belief in divine providence, is a source of great consolation to good men. By divine providence is often understood God himself.

4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns or in private economy.

Provident

PROV'IDENT, adjective Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; forecasting; cautious; prudent in preparing for future exigences; as a provident man; a provident animal.

The parsimonious emmet, provident

Of future.

Milton.

Orange is what Augustus was,

Brave, wary, provident and bold.

Waller.

Providential

PROVIDEN'TIAL, adjective Effected by the providence of God; referable to divine providence; proceeding from divine direction or superintendence; as the providential contrivance of things; a providential escape from danger. How much are we indebted to God's unceasing providential care!

Woodward.

Providentially

PROVIDEN'TIALLY, adverb By means of God's providence.

Every animal is providentially directed to the use of its proper weapons.

Ray.

Providently

PROV'IDENTLY, adverb With prudent foresight; with wise precaution in preparing for the future.

Provider

PROVI'DER, noun One who provides, furnishes or supplies; one that procures what is wanted.

Shak.

Province

PROV'INCE, noun [French from Latin provincia; usually supposed to be formed from pro and vinco, to conquer. This is very doubtful, as provinco was not used by the Romans.]

1. Among the Romans, a country of considerable extent, which being reduced under their dominion, was new-modeled, subjected to the command of an annual governor sent from Rome, and to such taxes and contributions as the Romans saw fit to impose. That part of France next to the Alps, was a Roman province, and still bears the name Provence.

Encyc.

2. Among the moderns, a country belonging to a kingdom or state, either by conquest or colonization, usually situated at a distance from the kingdom or state, but more or less dependent on it or subject to it. Thus formerly, the English colonies in North America were provinces of Great Britain, as Nova Scotia and Canada still are. The provinces of the Netherlands formerly belonged to the house of Austria and to Spain.

3. A division of a kingdom or state, of considerable extent. In England, a division of the ecclesiastical state under the jurisdiction of an archbishop, of which there are two, the province of Canterbury and that of York.

4. A region of country; in a general sense; a tract; a large extent.

Over many a tract Of heaven they march'd, and many a province wide.

Milton.

They never look abroad into the provinces of the intellectual world.

Watts.

5. The proper office or business of a person. It is the province of the judge to decide causes between individuals.

The woman's province is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in her affection.

Tatler.

Provincial

PROVIN'CIAL, adjective Pertaining to a province or relating to it; as a provincial government; a provincial dialect.

2. Appendant to the principal kingdom or state; as provincial dominion; provincial territory.

Brown.

3. Not polished; rude; as provincial accent or manners.

Dryden.

4. Pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as a provincial synod.

Ayliffe.

Provincial

PROVIN'CIAL, noun A spiritual governor. In catholic countries, one who has the direction of the several convents of a province.

Encyc.

2. A person belonging to a province.

Burke.

Provincialism

PROVIN'CIALISM, noun A peculiar word or manner of speaking in a province or district of country remote from the principal country or from the metropolis.

Marsh.

Provinciality

PROVINCIAL'ITY, noun Peculiarity of language in a province.

Warton.

Provinciate

PROVIN'CIATE, verb transitive To convert into a province. [Unusual.]

Howell.

Provine

PROVI'NE, verb intransitive [French provigner; pro and vigne, a vine.]

To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for propagation.

Johnson.

Proving

PROVING, participle of the present tense Trying; ascertaining; evincing; experiencing.

Provision

PROVI'SION, n. s as z. [French from Latin provisio, provideo. See Provide.]

1. The act of providing or making previous preparation.

2. Things provided; preparation; measures taken beforehand, either for security, defense or attack, or for the supply of wants. We make provision to defend ourselves from enemies; we make provision for war; we make provision for a voyage or for erecting a building; we make provision for the support of the poor. Government makes provision for its friends.

3. Stores provided; stock; as provision of victuals; provision of materials.

Knolles. South.

4. Victuals; food; provender; all manner of eatables for man and beast; as provisions for the table or for the family; provisions for an army.

Milton. Encyc.

5. Previous stipulation; terms or agreement made, or measures taken for a future exigency.

In the law, no provision was made to abolish the barbarous customs of the Irish.

Davies.

Papal provision, a previous nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, by which practice the rightful patron was deprived of his presentation.

Blackstone.

Provision

PROVI'SION, verb transitive To supply with victuals or food. The ship was provisioned for a voyage of six months. The garrison was well provisioned.

Provisional

PROVI'SIONAL, adjective [French provisionnel.] Provided for present need or for the occasion; temporarily established; temporary; as a provisional government or regulation; a provisional treaty.

Provisionally

PROVI'SIONALLY, adverb By way of provision; temporarily; for the present exigency.

Locke.

Provisionary

PROVI'SIONARY, adjective Provisional; provided for the occasion; not permanent.

Burke.

Proviso

PROVI'SO, n. s as z. [Latin provisus, ablative proviso, it being provided.]

An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant or other writing, by which a condition is introduced; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, &c. The charter of the bank contains a proviso that the legislature may repeal it at their pleasure.

Provisor

PROVI'SOR, noun [French proviseur.] In church affairs, a person appointed by the pope to a benefice before the death of the incumbent, and to the prejudice of the rightful patron. Formerly the pope usurped the right of presenting to church livings, and it was his practice to nominate persons to benefices by anticipation, or before they became vacant; the person thus nominated was called a provisor. In England, this practice was restrained by statutes of Richard II. and Henry IV.

More sharp and penal laws were devised against provisors; it being enacted that whoever disturbs any patron in the presentation to a living by virtue of any papal provision, such provisor shall pay fine and ransom to the king at his will, and be imprisoned till he renounces such provision.

Blackstone.

2. The purveyor, steward or treasurer of a religious house.

Cowel.

Provisory

PROVI'SORY, adjective Making temporary provision; temporary.

State Papers.

2. Containing a proviso or condition; conditional.

Provocation

PROVOCA'TION, noun [French from Latin provocatio. See Provoke.]

1. Any thing that excites anger; the cause of resentment. 1 Kings 21.

Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation. Psalm 95.

2. The act of exciting anger.

3. An appeal to a court or judge. [A Latinism, not now used.]

Ayliffe.

4. Incitement. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Provocative

PROVO'CATIVE, adjective Exciting; stimulating; tending to awaken or incite appetite or passion.

Provocative

PROVO'CATIVE, noun Any thing that tends to excite appetite or passion; a stimulant; as a provocative of hunger or of lust.

Addison.

Provocativeness

PROVO'CATIVENESS, noun The quality of being provocative or stimulating.

Provoke

PROVO'KE, verb transitive [Latin provoco, to call forth; pro and voco, to call; French provoquer; Italian provocare; Spanish provocar.]

1. To call into action; to arouse; to excite; as, to provoke anger or wrath by offensive words or by injury; to provoke war.

2. To make angry; to offend; to incense; to enrage.

Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath. Ephesians 6.

Often provoked by the insolence of some of the bishopsÃ‚--

Clarendon.

3. To excite; to cause; as, to provoke perspiration; to provoke a smile.

Arbuthnot.

4. To excite; to stimulate; to increase.

The taste of pleasure provokes the appetite, and every successive indulgence of vice which is to form a habit, is easier than the last.

Buckminster.

5. To challenge.

He now provokes the sea-gods from the shore.

Dryden.

6. To move; to incite; to stir up; to induce by motives. Romans 10.

Bacon.

Let us consider one another to provoke to love and to good works. Hebrews 10.

7. To incite; to rouse; as, to provoke one to anger. Deuteronomy 32.

Provoke

PROVO'KE, verb intransitive To appeal. [A Latinism, not used.]

Dryden.

Provoked

PROVO'KED, participle passive Excited; roused; incited; made angry; incensed.

Provoker

PROVO'KER, noun One that excites anger or other passion; one that excites war or sedition.

2. That which excites, causes or promotes.

Shak.

Provoking

PROVO'KING, participle of the present tense Exciting into action; inciting; inducing by motives; making angry.

2. adjective Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken passion; as provoking words; provoking treatment.

Provokingly

PROVO'KINGLY, adverb In such a manner as to excite anger.

Provost

PRO'VOST, noun [Saxon profost, profast; Danish provst; German probst, propst; Armoric provost; French prevot; Portugese Spanish preboste; Italian proposto; from the Latin proepositus, placed before, from proepono; proe and pono, to set or place.]

In a general sense, a person who is appointed to superintend or preside over something; the chief magistrate of a city or town; as the provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other cities; the provost of a college, answering to president. In France, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge who had cognizance of civil causes.

The grand provost of France, or of the household, had jurisdiction in the king's house and over its officers.

The provost marshal of an army, is an officer appointed to arrest and secure deserters and other criminals, to hinder the soldiers from pillaging, to indict offenders and see sentence passed on them and executed. He also regulates weights and measures. He has under him a lieutenant and a clerk, an executioner, &c.

Encyc.

The provost marshal in the navy, has charge of prisoners, &c.

The provost of the mint, is a particular judge appointed to apprehend and prosecute false coiners.

Encyc.

Provost of the king's stables, is an officer who attends at court and holds the king's stir rup when he mounts his horse.

Encyc.

Provostship

PRO'VOSTSHIP, noun The office of a provost.

Hakewill.

Prow

PROW, noun [French proue; Italian prua and proda; Spanish proa. These may be from the Latin prora; but qu. is not proda the original word, and prora a contraction of prodera? The primary sense is that which projects or stretches forward.]

1. The forepart of a ship.

Dryden.

2. In seamen's language, the beak or pointed cutwater of a xebec or galley. The upper part is usually furnished with a grating platform.

Mar. Dict.

3. The name of a particular kind of vessel used in the East Indian seas.

Prow

PROW, adjective Valiant. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Prowess

PROW'ESS, noun [French prouesse; Italian prodezza, from prode, brave, and as a noun, profit, benefit; Spanish proeza. The primary sense of the root is to stretch, shoot or advance forward, and hence the sense of profit.]

Bravery; valor; particularly, military bravery; gallantry; intrepidity in war; fearlessness of danger.

Men of such prowess as not to know fear in themselves.

Sidney.

Prowest

PROW'EST, adjective [superl. of prow.] Bravest. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Prowl

PROWL, verb transitive [I know not the origin of this word, nor from what source it is derived. It may be derived from the root of stroll, troll, with a different prefix.] To rove over.

He prowls each place, still in new colors deck'd.

Sidney.

Prowl

PROWL, verb intransitive To rove or wander, particularly for prey, as a wild beast; as a prowling wolf.

Milton.

2. To rove and plunder; to prey; to plunder.

Tusser.

Prowl

PROWL, noun A roving for prey; colloquially, something to be seized and devoured.

Prowler

PROWL'ER, noun One that roves about for prey.

Thomson.

Prowling

PROWL'ING, participle of the present tense Wandering about in search of prey or plunder.

Proximal

PROX'IMAL, [See Proximate.]

Proximate

PROX'IMATE, adjective [Latin superl. proximus; French proche; approcher, to approach; reprocher, to reproach. The primary sense of the root is to drive or press. See Class Brg.]

Nearest; next. A proximate cause is that which immediately precedes and produces the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate or predisposing cause.

Watts.

Proximately

PROX'IMATELY, adverb Immediately; by immediate relation to or effect on.

Bentley.

Proxime

PROX'IME, adjective Next; immediately. [Not used.]

Watts.

Proximity

PROXIM'ITY, noun [French proximitÃƒ-©; Latin proximitas.]

The state of being next; immediate nearness either in place, blood or alliance. The succession to the throne and to estates is usually regulated by proximity of blood.

Dryden. Swift.

Proxy

PROX'Y, noun [contracted from procuracy, or some word from the root of procure, proctor.]

1. The agency of another who acts as a substitute for his principal; agency of a substitute; appearance of a representative. None can be familiar by proxy. None can be virtuous or wise by proxy.

2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act for another. A wise man will not commit important business to a proxy, when he can transact it in person. In England, any peer may make another lord of parliament his proxy to vote for him in his absence.

Blackstone.

3. In popular use, an election or day of voting for officers of government.

Proxyship

PROX'YSHIP, noun The office or agency of a proxy.

Pruce

PRUCE, noun [from Prussia.] Prussian lether. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Prude

PRUDE, noun [French prude, wise, discrete, sober, formal, precise; Dutch preutsch, prudish, and proud; German sprÃƒ-¶de, a prude, and shy, cold, reserved, coy, demure, and applied to metals, brittle, friable; Danish sprÃƒ-¶dig, eager, brittle, harsh, dry, rugged; Welsh pruz, [prudh,] prudent, discrete, serious, sad, sorrowful; Gothic frods, prudent; Greek, prudence; Gothic frathi, mind, intellect; frathyan, to be wise, to understand. The Gothic frod signifies both wise, prudent, and broken; Dutch vroed, prudent. We see that prude, prudent, and proud are from the same root. The sense of brittle would indicate that these words belong to the same family with the Danish bryder, to break; and the radical elements are the same. The Welsh pruz is from tending out or reaching, hence pryder, anxiety, a stretching of the mind. The sense of prude is probably from stretching, straitness, stiffness; and the sense of wise is derivative. Prudence is from the same root, implying care, a tension of mind.]

A woman of great reserve, coyness, affected stiffness of manners and scrupulous nicety.

Less modest than the speech of prudes.

Swift.

Prudence

PRU'DENCE, noun [French from Latin prudentia; Italian prudenza; Spanish prudencia. See Prude.]

Wisdom applied to practice.

Johnson.

Prudence implies caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suitable means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exercise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. Prudence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising and executing that which is good. It is sometimes mere caution or circumspection.

Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, season and method of doing or not doing.

Hale.

Prudent

PRU'DENT, adjective Cautious; circumspect; practically wise; careful of the consequences of enterprises, measures or actions; cautious not to act when the end is of doubtful utility, or probably impracticable.

The prudent man looketh well to his going. Proverbs 14.

A prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself. Proverbs 22.

2. Dictated or directed by prudence; as prudent behavior.

3. Foreseeing by instinct; as the prudent crane.

Milton.

4. Frugal; economical; as a prudent woman; prudent expenditure of money.

5. Wise; intelligent.

Prudential

PRUDEN'TIAL, adjective Proceeding from prudence; dictated or prescribed by prudence; as prudential motives; prudential rules.

2. Superintending the discretionary concerns of a society; as a prudential committee.

N. England.

Prudentiality

PRUDENTIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being prudential; eligibility on principles of prudence. [Not used.]

Brown.

Prudentially

PRUDEN'TIALLY, adverb In conformity with prudence; prudently.

South.

Prudentials

PRUDEN'TIALS, n. plu. Maxims of prudence or practical wisdom.

Many stanzas in poetic measures contain rules relating to common prudentials, as well as to religion.

Watts.

2. The subordinate discretionary concerns and economy of a company, society or corporation. The board of trustees appoint annually a committee to manage the prudentials of the corporation.

N. England.

Prudently

PRU'DENTLY, adverb With prudence; with due caution or circumspection; discretely; wisely; as domestic affairs prudently managed; laws prudently framed or executed.

2. With frugality; economically; as income prudently expended.

Prudery

PRU'DERY, noun [from prude.] Affected scrupulousness; excessive nicety in conduct; stiffness; affected reserve or gravity; coyness.

Tatler.

Prudish

PRU'DISH, adjective [from prude.] Affectedly grave; very formal, precise or reserved; as a prudish woman; prudish manners.

A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face.

Garrick.

Prune

PRU'NE, verb transitive [perhaps from French provigner, to lay down vine stocks for propagation. If not, I know not its origin.]

1. To lop or cut off the superfluous branches of trees, to make them bear better fruit or grow higher, or to give them a more handsome and regular appearance.

Encyc. Milton.

2. To clear from any thing superfluous; to dress; to trim.

His royal bird

Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his beak.

Shak.

Prune

PRUNE, verb intransitive To dress; to prink; a ludicrous word.

Dryden.

Prune

PRUNE, noun [French prune; Italian Spanish pruna; Latin prunum; Dutch pruim. In Latin, prunus is a plum tree, Greek, and prunum, the fruit.]

A plum, or a dried plum.

Bacon.

Pruned

PRU'NED, participle passive Divested of superfluous branches; trimmed.

2. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous.

Prunel

PRU'NEL, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Prunello

PRUNEL'LO, noun A kind of stuff of which clergymen's gowns are made.

Pope.

Prunello

PRUNEL'LO, noun [French prunelle, from prune.] A kind of plum.

Ainsworth.

Pruner

PRU'NER, noun One that prunes trees or removes what is superfluous.

Pruniferous

PRUNIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin prunum, a plum, and fero, to bear.] Bearing plums.

Pruning

PRU'NING, participle of the present tense Lopping off superfluous branches; trimming; clearing of what is superfluous.

Pruning

PRU'NING, noun In gardening and agriculture, the lopping off the superfluous branches of trees, either for improving the trees or their fruit.

Pruning-Hook

PRU'NING-HOOK, or PRU'NING-KNIFE, noun An instrument used in pruning trees. It is of various forms.

Dryden. Philips.

Prurience

PRU'RIENCE, or PRU'RIENCY, noun [Latin pruriens, prurio, to itch.]

An itching, longing desire or appetite for any thing.

Swift.

Prurient

PRU'RIENT, adjective Itching; uneasy with desire.

Warton.

Pruriginous

PRURIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin pruriginosus, from prurigo, an itching, from prurio, to itch.]

Tending to an itch.

Greenhill.

Prussian

PRUSSIAN, adjective [from Prussia.] Pertaining to Prussia.

Prussian blue, a combination of iron with ferrocyanic acid. This is used as a pigment of a beautiful blue color.

Prussiate

PRUSSIATE, noun A salt formed by the union of the prussic acid, or coloring matter of prussian blue, with a salifiable base; as the prussiate of alumin.

Lavoisier. Fourcroy.

Prussic

PRUSSIC, adjective The prussic acid is a compound of kyanogen or cyanogen, prussic gas and hydrogen, and hence called hydrocyanic acid. It is one of the strongest poisons known.

Pry

PRY, verb intransitive [a contracted word, the origin of which is not obvious.]

To peep narrowly; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something with scrutinizing curiosity, whether impertinently or not; as, to pry into the mysteries of nature, or into the secrets of state.

Nor need we with a prying eye survey

The distant skies to find the milky way.

Creech.

Pry

PRY, noun Narrow inspection; impertinent peeping.

Smart.

Pry

PRY, verb transitive To raise or attempt to raise with a lever. This is the common popular pronunciation of prize, in America. The lever used is also called a pry.

Prying

PRY'ING, participle of the present tense Inspecting closely; looking into with curiosity.

Pryingly

PRY'INGLY, adverb With close inspection or impertinent curiosity.

Prytane

PRY'TANE, or PRYT'ANIS, noun [Greek.] In ancient Greece, a president of the senate of five hundred.

Encyc. Anacharsis.

[It is to be noted that in words beginning with Ps and Pt, the letter p has no sound.]

Psalm

PSALM, n. s`am. [Latin psalmus; Greek, from, to touch or beat, to sing; French psaume; Italian Spanish salmo.]

A sacred song or hymn; a song composed on a divine subject and in praise of God. The most remarkable psalms are those composed by David and other Jewish saints, a collection of one hundred and fifty of which constitutes a canonical book of the Old Testament, called Psalms, or the book of Psalms. The word is also applied to sacred songs composed by modern poets, being versifications of the scriptural psalms, or of these with other parts of Scripture, composed for the use of churches; as the Psalms of Tate and Brady, of Watts, &c.

Psalmist

PS`ALMIST, noun A writer or composer of sacred songs; a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the scriptural psalms.

2. In the church of Rome, a clerk, precentor, singer or leader of music in the church.

Psalmody

PS`ALMODY, noun The act, practice or art of singing sacred songs. Psalmody has always been considered an important part of public worship.

Psalmographer

PSALMOG'RAPHER, or PSALMOG'RAPHIST, noun [See Psalmography.]

A writer of psalms or divine songs and hymns.

Psalmography

PSALMOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, psalm, and, to write.]

The act or practice of writing psalms or sacred songs and hymns.

Psalter

PSAL'TER, noun [Latin psalterium; Greek; Italian Spanish salterio; French psautier.]

1. The book of Psalms; often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed.

2. In Romish countries, a large chaplet or rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, according to the number of the psalms.

Psaltery

PSAL'TERY, noun [Greek.] An instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not now known. That which is now used is a flat instrument in form of a trapezium or triangle truncated at the top, strung with thirteen chords of wire, mounted on two bridges at the sides, and struck with a plectrum or crooked stick.

Encyc.

Praise the Lord with harp; sing to him with the psaltery, and an instrument of ten strings. Psalm 33.

Psammite

PSAM'MITE, noun [Greek, sand.] A species of micaceous sandstone.

Brongniart.

Pseudo

PSEUDO, Greek, false, a prefix signifying false, counterfeit or spurious.

Pseudo-Apostle

PSEUDO-APOS'TLE, noun A false apostle; one who falsely pretends to be an apostle.

Pseudo-China

PSEUDO-CHI'NA, noun The false China root, a plant of the genus Smilax, found in America.

Encyc.

Pseudo-Galena

PSEUDO-GALE'NA, noun False galena or black jack.

Pseudograph

PSEU'DOGRAPH, or PSEUDOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, false, and, writing.]

False writing.

Pseudology

PSEUDOL'OGY, noun [Greek; false, and, discourse.]

Falsehood of speech.

Arbuthnot.

Pseudo-Metallic

PSEUDO-METAL'LIC, adjective Pseudo-metallic luster is that which is perceptible only when held towards the light; as in minerals.

Phillips.

Pseudomorphous

PSEUDOMORPH'OUS, adjective [pseudo and Greek, form.]

Not having the true form. A pseudomorphous mineral is one which has received its form from some extraneous cause, not from natural crystalization.

Pseudo-Tinea

PSEUDO-TINEA, noun In natural history, the name of a remarkable species of insect or larva, resembling a moth. It feeds on wax, and is a terrible enemy to bees, as it enters the hive and sometimes compels the bees to abandon it, being covered with a coat that is impervious to their stings.

Encyc.

Pseudo-Volcanic

PSEUDO-VOLCAN'IC, adjective Pertaining to or produced by a pseudo-volcano.

Cleaveland.

Pseudo-Volcano

PSEUDO-VOLCA'NO, noun A volcano that emits smoke and sometimes flame, but no lava; also, a burning mine of coal.

Kirwan.

Pshaw

PSHAW, exclamation An expression of contempt, disdain or dislike.

Psoas

PSO'AS, noun [Greek] The name of two inside muscles of the loins.

Psora

PSO'RA, noun [Greek] The itch.

Psychologic

PSYCHOLOG'IC, or PSYCHOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a treatise on the soul, or to the study of the soul of man.

Literary Mag.

Psychology

PSYCHOL'OGY, noun [Greek, soul, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on the human soul; or the doctrine of the nature and properties of the soul.

Campbell.

Ptarmigan

PT`ARMIGAN, noun A fowl of the genus Tetrao, the lagopus or white game. The color of the plumage is a pale brown or ash, elegantly crossed or mottled with dusky spots and minute bars; the belly and wings are white. This fowl is seen on the summits of mountains in the north of England and of Scotland.

Encyc.

Ptisan

PTISAN, n. tiz'an. [Latin ptisana; Greek, from, to pound.]

A decoction of barley with other ingredients.

Encyc. Arbuthnot.

Ptolemaic

PTOLEMA'IC, adjective [from Ptolemy, the geographer and astrologer.]

Pertaining to Ptolemy. The Ptolemaic system, in astronomy, is that maintained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, and that the sun and stars revolve around it. This theory was received for ages, but has been rejected for the Copernican system.

Ptyalism

PTY'ALISM, noun [Greek, a spitting, from, to spit often.]

In medicine, salivation; an unnatural or copious flow of saliva.

Coxe. Encyc.

Ptysmagogue

PTYS'MAGOGUE, noun [Greek, saliva, and, to drive.]

A medicine that promotes discharges of saliva.

Dict.

Puberty

PU'BERTY, noun [Latin pubertas, from pubes.] The age at which persons are capable of procreating and bearing children. This age is different in different climates, but is with us considered to be at fourteen years in males, and twelve in females.

Pubes

PU'BES, noun [Latin] In botany, the hairiness of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows on plants; pubescence.

Martyn.

Pubescence

PUBES'CENCE, noun [Latin pubescens, pubesco, to shoot, to grow mossy or hairy.]

1. The state of a youth who has arrived at puberty; or the state of puberty.

Brown.

2. In botany, hairiness; shagginess; the hairy or downy substance on plants.

Pubescent

PUBES'CENT, adjective Arriving at puberty.

Brown.

2. In botany, covered with pubescence, such as hair, bristles, beard, down, &c.; as the leaves of plants.

Public

PUB'LIC, adjective [Latin publicus, from the root of populus, people; that is, people-like; Spanish publico; Italian pubblico; French publique; Welsh pobyl, people; pob, pawb, each, every, every body.]

1. Pertaining to a nation, state or community; extending to a whole people; as a public law, which binds the people of a nation or state, as opposed to a private statute or resolve, which respects an individual or a corporation only. Thus we say, public welfare, public good, public calamity, public service, public property.

2. Common to many; current or circulated among people of all classes; general; as public report; public scandal.

3. Open; notorious; exposed to all persons without restriction.

Joseph her husband being a just man, and not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily. Matthew 1.

4. Regarding the community; directed to the interest of a nation, state or community; as public spirit; public mindedness; opposed to private or selfish.

South.

5. Open for general entertainment; as a public house.

6. Open to common use; as a public road.

7. In general, public expresses something common to mankind at large, to a nation, state, city or town, and is opposed to private, which denotes what belongs to an individual, to a family, to a company or corporation.

Public law, is often synonymous with the law of nations.

Public

PUB'LIC, noun The general body of mankind or of a nation, state or community; the people, indefinitely.

The public is more disposed to censure than to praise.

Addison.

In this passage, public is followed by a verb in the singular number; but being a noun of multitude, it is more generally followed by a plural verb; the public are.

In public, in open view; before the people at large; not in private or secresy.

In private grieve, but with a careless scorn, In public seem to triumph, not to mourn.

Granville.

Publican

PUB'LICAN, noun [Latin publicanus, from publicus.]

1. A collector of toll or tribute. Among the Romans, a publican was a farmer of the taxes and public revenues, and the inferior officers of this class were deemed oppressive.

As Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples. Matthew 9.

2. The keeper of a public house; an innkeeper.

Publication

PUBLICA'TION, noun [Latin publicatio, from publico, from publicus.]

1. The act of publishing or offering to public notice; notification to a people at large, either by words, writing or printing; proclamation; divulgation; promulgation; as the publication of the law at mount Sinai; the publication of the gospel; the publication of statutes or edicts.

2. The act of offering a book or writing to the public by sale or by gratuitous distribution. The author consented to the publication of his manuscripts.

3. A work printed and published; any pamphlet or book offered for sale or to public notice; as a new publication; a monthly publication.

Public-Hearted

PUB'LIC-HE`ARTED, adjective Public-spirited. [Not used.]

Clarendon.

Publicist

PUB'LICIST, noun A writer on the laws of nature and nations; one who treats of the rights of nations.

Kent. Du Ponceau.

Publicity

PUBLIC'ITY, noun [French publicitÃƒ-©.] The state of being public or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety.

Publicly

PUB'LICLY, adverb Openly; with exposure to popular view or notice; without concealment; as property publicly offered for sale; an opinion publicly avowed; a declaration publicly made.

2. In the name of the community. A reward is publicly offered for the discovery of the longitude, or for finding a northwestern passage to Asia.

Public-Minded

PUB'LIC-MINDED, adjective Disposed to promote the public interest. [Little used.]

Public-Mindedness

PUB'LIC-MINDEDNESS, noun A disposition to promote the public weal or advantage. [Little used.]

South.

Publicness

PUB'LICNESS, noun The state of being public, or open to the view or notice of people at large; as the publicness of a sale.

2. State of belonging to the community; as the publicness of property.

Boyle.

Public-Spirited

PUBLIC-SPIR'ITED, adjective Having or exercising a disposition to advance the interest of the community; disposed to make private sacrifices for the public good; as public-spirited men.

Dryden.

2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as a public-spirited project or measure.

Addison.

Public-Spiritedness

PUBLIC-SPIR'ITEDNESS, noun A disposition to advance the public good, or a willingness to make sacrifices of private interest to promote the common weal.

Whitlock.

Publish

PUB'LISH, verb transitive [French publier; Spanish publicar; Italian pubblicare; Latin publico. See Public.]

1. To discover or make known to mankind or to people in general what before was private or unknown; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a law or edict. We publish a secret, by telling it to people without reserve. Laws are published by printing or by proclamation. Christ and his apostles published the glad tidings of salvation.

Th' unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator's power display; And publishes to every land The work of an Almighty hand.

Spectator.

2. To send a book into the world; or to sell or offer for sale a book, map or print.

3. To utter; to put off or into circulation; as, to publish a forged or counterfeit paper.

Laws of Mass. and Conn.

4. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish banns of matrimony. We say also, the persons intending marriage are published; that is, their intention of marriage is published.

Published

PUB'LISHED, participle passive Made known to the community; divulged; promulgated; proclaimed.

Publisher

PUB'LISHER, noun One who makes known what was before private or unknown; one that divulges, promulgates or proclaims.

Atterbury.

2. One who sends a book or writing into the world for common use; one that offers a book, pamphlet, &c., for sale.

3. One who utters, passes or puts into circulation a counterfeit paper.

Publishing

PUB'LISHING, participle of the present tense Making known; divulging; promulgating; proclaiming; selling or offering publicly for sale; uttering.

Publishment

PUB'LISHMENT, noun In popular usage in New England, a notice of intended marriage.

Puccoon

PUCCOON', noun A plant, a species of Sanguinaria; the blood-root.

Fam. of Plants.

Puce

PUCE, adjective Of a dark brown color. Qu.

Pucelage

PU'CELAGE, noun [French] A state of virginity. [Little used.]

Robinson.

Puceron

PU'CERON, noun [French from puce, a flea.] The name of a tribe of small insects which are found in great numbers on the bark and leaves of plants, and live by sucking the sap; the Aphis, vine fretter, or plant louse.

Encyc.

Puck

PUCK, noun [Icelandic Swedish puke, a demon; Scot. puck.]

A demon; a mischievous spirit.

Shak.

Puck-Ball

PUCK'-BALL, or PUCK'-FIST, noun [from puck.] A kind of mushroom full of dust.

Dict.

Pucker

PUCK'ER, verb transitive [Spanish buche, a purse, rumple or pucker; bucle, a buckle; buchar, to hide. Buche signifies also a crop or craw, and the breast; hence perhaps Latin pectus; Portugese bucho, the crop, the stomach. Qu. Irish fighim, to weave; German fach. In Greek signifies closely, densely; to cover. Class Bg. The primary sense is probably to draw, to wrinkle.]

To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate.

His face pale and withered, and his skin puckered in wrinkles.

Spectator.

It is usually followed by up; as, to pucker up cloth; but up is superfluous. It is a popular word, but not elegant.

Pucker

PUCK'ER, noun A fold or wrinkle, or a collection of folds.

Puckered

PUCK'ERED, participle passive Gathered in folds; wrinkled.

Puckering

PUCK'ERING, participle of the present tense Wrinkling.

Pudder

PUD'DER, noun [This is supposed to be the same as pother.]

A tumult; a confused noise; a bustle. [Vulgar.]

Shak. Locke.

Pudder

PUD'DER, verb intransitive To make a tumult or bustle.

Locke.

Pudder

PUD'DER, verb transitive To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; vulgarly to bother.

Locke.

Pudding

PUD'DING, noun [Welsh poten, what bulges out, a paunch, a pudding; French boudin, a pudding, from bouder, to pout; Irish boideal; German Danish pudding; Swedish puding. Class Bd.]

1. A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously made, but usually a compound of flour, or meal of maiz, with milk and eggs, sometimes enriched with raisins and called plum-pudding.

2. An intestine.

Shak.

3. An intestine stuffed with meat,; &c. now called a sausage.

4. Proverbially, food or victuals.

Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue.

Prior.

Pudding

PUD'DING, or PUD'DENING, noun In seamen's language, a thick wreath or circle of cordage, tapering from the middle towards the ends, and fastened about the mast below the trusses, to prevent the yards from falling down when the ropes sustaining them are shot away.

Pudding-Grass

PUD'DING-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Mentha.

Fam. of Plants.

Pudding-Gross

PUD'DING-GROSS, noun A plant. Qu.

Johnson.

Pudding-Pie

PUD'DING-PIE, noun A pudding with meat baked in it.

Hudibras.

Pudding Pipe-Tree

PUDDING PIPE-TREE, noun A plant of the genus Cassia.

Fam. of Plants.

Pudding-Sleeve

PUD'DING-SLEEVE, noun A sleeve of the full dress clerical gown.

Swift.

Pudding-Stone

PUD'DING-STONE, noun Conglomerate; a coarse sandstone composed of silicious pebbles, flint, &c. united by a cement.

Cleaveland.

Pudding-Time

PUD'DING-TIME, noun The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the first dish set on the table, or rather first eaten; a practice not yet obsolete among the common people of New England.

2. The nick of time; critical time.

Hudibras.

Puddle

PUD'DLE, noun [Irish boidhlia; German pfÃƒ-¼tze.] A small stand of dirty water; a muddy plash.

Dryden. Addison.

Puddle

PUD'DLE, verb transitive To made foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt and water.

Shak. Dryden.

2. To make thick or close.

Puddled

PUD'DLED, participle passive Made muddy or foul.

Puddling

PUD'DLING, participle of the present tense Making muddy or dirty.

Puddly

PUD'DLY, adjective Muddy; foul; dirty.

Carew.

Puddock

PUD'DOCK, or PUR'ROCK, noun [for paddock or parrock, park.] A small enclosure. [Provincial in England.]

Pudency

PU'DENCY, noun [Latin pudens, pudeo, to blush or be ashamed; Arabic abada, to worship, to prostrate one's self, to cast down, to subdue, to be ashamed, or Chaldee to blush. Qu. Hebrews in a different dialect. The first is the more probable affinity. Class Bd. No. 11. 26.]

Modesty; shamefacedness.

Shak.

Pudenda

PUDEN'DA, n. plu. [Latin] The parts of generation.

Pudic

PU'DIC, or PU'DICAL, adjective [Latin pudicus, modest.] Pertaining to the parts which modesty requires to be concealed; as the pudic artery.

Quincy.

Pudicity

PUDIC'ITY, noun [French pudicitÃƒ-©; Latin pudicitia.] Modesty; chastity.

Howell.

Pue-Fellow

PUE-FELLOW. [See Pew-fellow.]

Puerile

PU'ERILE, adjective [French from Latin puerilis, from puer, a boy.]

Boyish; childish; trifling; as a puerile amusement.

Pope.

Puerility

PUERIL'ITY, noun [French puerilitÃƒ-©; Latin puerilitas, from puer, a boy.]

1. Childishness; boyishness; the manners or actions of a boy; that which is trifling.

Brown. Dryden.

2. In discourse, a thought or expression which is flat, insipid or childish.

Encyc.

Puerperal

PUER'PERAL, adjective [Latin puerpera, a lying-in-woman; puer, a boy, and pario, to bear.]

Pertaining to childbirth; as a puerperal fever.

Puerperous

PUER'PEROUS, adjective [Latin puerperus, supra.] Bearing children; lying in.

Puet

PUET. [See Pewet.]

Puff

PUFF, noun [Dutch pof; German puff, a puff, a thump; puffen, to cuff, to thump, to buffet; Danish puff, a puff, blast, buffet; puffer, to crack; Welsh pwf and pif. This is only a dialectical variation of buff, buffet; Italian buffo, buffa, bnffetto, beffa, whence buffoon; Spanish bufar, to puff. The radical sense is to drive, to thrust, hence to swell. See Buffet and Buffoon. The Dutch orthography is precisely the Pers. pof, a puff.]

1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; a quick forcible blast; a whiff.

Philips.

2. A sudden and short blast of wind.

Raleigh.

3. A fungous ball filled with dust.

4. Any thing light and porous, or something swelled and light; as puff-paste.

Tatler.

5. A substance of loose texture, used to sprinkle powder on the hair.

Ainsworth.

6. A tumid or exaggerated statement or commendation.

Cibber.

Puff

PUFF, verb intransitive [German puffen, to puff, to thump, to buffet; verpuffen, to detonize; Dutch poffen; Welsh pifiaw, pwfiaw, to puff; French bouffer, to puff, to swell. See the Noun.]

1. To drive air from the mouth in a single and quick blast.

Shak.

2. To swell the cheeks with air.

3. To blow as an expression of scorn or contempt.

It is really to defy heaven, to puff at damnation.

South.

4. To breathe with vehemence, as after violent exertion.

The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing from the chase.

L'Estrange.

5. To do or move with hurry, agitation and a tumid, bustling appearance.

Then came brave glory puffing by.

Herbert.

6. To swell with air; to dilate or inflate.

Boyle.

Puff

PUFF, verb transitive To drive with a blast of wind or air; as, the north wind puffs away the clouds.

Dryden.

2. To swell; to inflate; to dilate with air; as a bladder puffed with air.

The sea puffed up with winds.

Shak.

3. To swell; to inflate; to blow up; as puffed up with pride, vanity or conceit; to puff up with praise or flattery.

Denham. Bacon.

4. To drive with a blast in scorn or contempt.

I puff the prostitute away.

Dryden.

5. To praise with exaggeration; as, to puff a pamphlet.

Puff-Ball

PUFF-BALL, noun A fungus or mushroom full of dust, of the genus Lycoperdon.

Lee.

Puffed

PUFF'ED, participle passive Driven out suddenly, as air or breath; blown up; swelled with air; inflated with vanity or pride; praised.

Puffer

PUFF'ER, noun One that puffs; one that praises with noisy commendation.

Puffin

PUFF'IN, noun A water fowl of the genus Alca or auk.

2. A kind of fish.

3. A kind of fungus with dust; a fuzzball.

Puffin-Apple

PUFF'IN-APPLE, noun A sort of apple so called.

Ainsworth.

Puffing

PUFF'ING, participle of the present tense Driving out the breath with a single, sudden blast; blowing up; inflating; praising pompously.

Puffingly

PUFF'INGLY, adverb Tumidly; with swell.

2. With vehement breathing or shortness of breath.

Puffy

PUFF'Y, adjective Swelled with air or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance; as a puffy tumor.

Wiseman.

2. Tumid; turgid; bombastic; as a puffy style.

Dryden.

Pug

PUG, noun [Saxon Swedish piga, a little girl; Danish pige; Welsh baÃƒ-§, byÃƒ-§an; Spanish poco or pequeÃƒ-±o, little; Irish beag, from the root of pig, that is, a shoot, as we use imp. See Beagle.]

The name given to a little animal treated with familiarity, as a monkey, a little dog, &c.

Spectator.

Puggered

PUGGERED, for puckered, is not in use.

More.

Pugh

PUGH, exclamation A word used in contempt or disdain.

Pugil

PU'GIL, noun [Italian pugillo, a handful; French pugile; Latin pugillum, from the root of pugnus, the fist; probably coinciding with the Greek, to make thick, that is, to close or press.]

As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.

Bacon.

Pugilism

PU'GILISM, noun [Latin Spanish pugil, a champion or prize-fighter, from the Greek, id.; the fist; with the fist; to close or make fast; allied probably to pack, Latin pango. Class Bg.]

The practice of boxing or fighting with the fist.

Pugilist

PU'GILIST, noun A boxer; one who fights with his fists.

Pugilistic

PUGILIS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to boxing or fighting with the fist.

Pugnacious

PUGNA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin pugnax, from pugna, a fight; from pugnus, the fist. See Pugil.]

Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting.

More.

Pugnacity

PUGNAC'ITY, noun Inclination to fight; quarrelsomeness. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Puisne

PUISNE, a. pu'ny. [French puis, since, afterwards, and nÃƒ-©, born.]

1. In law, younger or inferior in rank; as a chief justice and three puisne justices of the court of common pleas; the puisne barons of the court of exchequer.

Blackstone.

2. Later in date. [Not used.]

Hale.

Puissance

PU'ISSANCE, noun [French from pouvoir, to be able; Latin posse, possum, potes, potest; Spanish poder, power, Italian podere.] Power; strength; might; force.

Milton. Shak.

Puissant

PU'ISSANT, adjective Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible; as a puissant prince or empire.

Milton. Raleigh.

Puissantly

PU'ISSANTLY, adverb Powerfully; with great strength.

Puke

PUKE, verb intransitive [Hebrew to evacuate, to empty, Latin vacuo; or to burst forth; Chaldee id., and. Qu. Welsh cyvogi, to vomit; cy is a prefix. Spew is probably from the same source; Latin spuo, for spuco, with a prefix. The radical sense is to throw or drive.] To vomit; to eject from the stomach.

Shak.

Puke

PUKE, noun A vomit; a medicine which excites vomiting.

Puke

PUKE, adjective Of a color between black and russet.

Shak.

Puked

PU'KED, participle passive Vomited.

Puker

PU'KER, noun A medicine causing vomiting.

Puking

PU'KING, participle of the present tense Vomiting.

Pulchritude

PUL'CHRITUDE, noun [Latin pulchritudo, from pulcher, beautiful.]

1. Beauty; handsomeness; grace; comeliness; that quality of form which pleases the eye.

Brown. More.

2. Moral beauty; those qualities of the mind which good men love and approve.

South.

Pule

PULE, verb intransitive [French piauler. This word belongs probably to the root of bawl, bellow, Latin pello.]

1. To cry like a chicken.

Bacon.

2. To whine; to cry as a complaining child; to whimper.

To speak puling like a beggar at halimass.

Shak.

Pulic

PU'LIC, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Pulicose

PU'LICOSE, or PU'LICOUS, adjective [Latin pulicosus, from pulex, a flea.] Abounding with fleas. [Not used.]

Dict.

Puling

PU'LING, participle of the present tense Crying like a chicken; whining.

Puling

PU'LING, noun A cry, as of a chicken; a whining.

Bacon.

Pulingly

PU'LINGLY, adverb With whining or complaint.

Puliol

PU'LIOL, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Pulkha

PULK'HA, noun A Laplander's traveling sled or sleigh.

Pull

PULL, verb transitive [Saxon pullian; Latin vello. Qu. Ethiopic baleach. Class Bl. No. 7.]

1. To draw; to draw towards one or to make an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw; we use draw when motion follows the effort, and pull is used in the same sense; but we may also pull forever without drawing or moving the thing. This distinction may not be universal. Pull is opposed to push.

Then he put forth his hand and took her and pulled her in to him into the ark. Genesis 8.

2. To pluck; to gather by drawing or forcing off or out; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax.

3. To tear; to rend; but in this sense followed by some qualifying word or phrase; as, to pull in pieces; to pull asunder or apart. To pull in two, is to separate or tear by violence into two parts.

To pull down, to demolish or to take in pieces by separating the parts; as, to pull down a house.

2. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy.

In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down than to build up.

Howell.

3. To bring down; to degrade; to humble.

To raise the wretched and pull down the proud.

Roscommon.

To pull off, to separate by pulling; to pluck; also, to take off without force; as, to pull off a coat or hat.

To pull out, to draw out; to extract.

To pull up, to pluck up; to tear up by the roots; hence, to extirpate; to eradicate; to destroy.

Pull

PULL, noun The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move by drawing towards one.

Swift.

2. A contest; a struggle.

Carew.

3. Pluck; violence suffered.

Shak.

Pullback

PULL'BACK, noun That which keeps back, or restrains from proceeding.

Pulled

PULL'ED, participle passive Drawn towards one; plucked.

Pullen

PULL'EN, noun [French poule, a hen, Latin pullus. See Pullet and Foal.] Poultry. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Puller

PULL'ER, noun One that pulls.

Shak.

Pullet

PULL'ET, noun [French poulet, dim. from poule, a hen; Italian pollo; Latin pullus; Greek; coinciding with foal.]

A young hen or female of the gallinaceous kind of fowls.

Wiseman.

Pulley

PULL'EY, noun plu. pulleys. [French poulie; Spanish polla; Latin polus; Greek, from, to turn.]

A small wheel turning on a pin in a block, with a furrow or groove in which runs the rope that turns it.

The pulley is one of the mechanical powers. The word is used also in the general sense of tackle, to denote all parts of the machine for raising weights, of which the pulley forms a part.

Pullicat

PUL'LICAT, noun A kind of silk handkerchief.

Pulling

PULL'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing; making an effort to draw; plucking.

Pullulate

PUL'LULATE, verb intransitive [Latin pullulo, from pullus, a shoot.] To germinate; to bud.

Granger.

Pullulation

PULLULA'TION, noun A germinating or budding; the first shooting of a bud.

More.

Pulmonary

PUL'MONARY, adjective [Latin pulmonarius, from pulmo, the lungs, from pello, pulsus, pulso, to drive or beat.]

Pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; as a pulmonary disease or consumption; the pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary

PUL'MONARY, noun [Latin pulmonaria.] A plant, lungwort.

Ainsworth.

Pulmonic

PULMON'IC, adjective [French pulmonique, from Latin pulmo, the lungs.]

Pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; as a pulmonic disease; pulmonic consumption.

Pulmonic

PULMON'IC, noun A medicine for diseases of the lungs.

2. One affected by a disease of the lungs.

Arbuthnot.

Pulp

PULP, noun [French pulpe; Latin pulpa. This is probably allied to Latin puls, pulmentum, Greek, from softness. Qu. from pulsus, beaten.]

1. A soft mass; in general.

2. The soft substance within a bone; marrow.

Bacon.

3. The soft, succulent part of fruit; as the pulp of an orange.

4. The aril or exterior covering of a coffee-berry.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Pulp

PULP, verb transitive To deprive of the pulp or integument, as the coffee-berry.

The other mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from the tree. By a simple machine, a man will pulp a bushel in a minute.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Pulpit

PUL'PIT, noun [Latin pulpitum, a stage, scaffold, or higher part of a stage; Italian Spanish pulpito; French pupitre.]

1. An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in which the preacher stands. It is called also a desk.

2. In the Roman theater, the pulpitum was the place where the players performed their parts, lower than the scena and higher than the orchestra.

Encyc.

3. A movable desk, from which disputants pronounced their dissertations, and authors recited their works.

Encyc.

Pulpit-Eloquence

PULPIT-EL'OQUENCE, or PULPIT-OR'ATORY, noun Eloquence or oratory in delivering sermons.

Pulpitically, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized word.

Pulpit-Orator

PULPIT-OR'ATOR, noun An eloquent preacher.

Pulpous

PULP'OUS, adjective [from pulp.] Consisting of pulp or resembling it; soft like pap.

Philips.

Pulpousness

PULP'OUSNESS, noun Softness; the quality of being pulpous.

Pulpy

PULP'Y, adjective Like pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent; as the pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or cherry.

Ray. Arbuthnot.

Pulsate

PULS'ATE, verb intransitive [Latin pulsatus, pulso, to beat, from the root of pello, to drive.] To beat or throb.

The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it is taken from the body.

Darwin.

Pulsatile

PULS'ATILE, adjective [Latin pulsatilis, from pulso, to beat.]

That is or may be struck or beaten; played by beating; as a pulsatile instrument of music.

Mus. Dict.

Pulsation

PULSA'TION, noun [Latin pulsatio, supra.] The beating or throbbing of the heart or of an artery, in the process of carrying on the circulation of the blood. The blood being propelled by the contraction of the heart, causes the arteries to dilate, so as to render each dilatation perceptible to the touch in certain parts of the body, as in the radial artery, &c.

2. In law, any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This constitutes battery.

By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as verberation is prohibited.

Blackstone.

Pulsative

PULS'ATIVE, adjective Beating; throbbing.

Encyc.

Pulsator

PULSA'TOR, noun A beater; a striker.

Dict.

Pulsatory

PULS'ATORY, adjective Beating; throbbing; as the heart and arteries.

Wotton.

Pulse

PULSE, n. puls. [Latin pulsus, from pello, to drive; French pouls.]

1. In animals, the beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries; more particularly, the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused by the projectile force of the blood, which is perceptible to the touch. Hence we say, to feel the pulse. The pulse is frequent or rare, quick or slow, equal or unequal, regular or intermitting, hard or soft, strong or weak, &c. The pulses of an adult in health, are little more than one pulse to a second; in certain fevers, the number is increased to 90, 100, or even to 140 in a minute.

2. The stroke with which a medium is affected by the motion of light, sound, &c.; oscillation; vibration.

Sir Isaac Newton demonstrates that the velocities of the pulses of an elastic fluid medium are in a ratio compounded of half the ratio of the elastic force directly, and half the ratio of the density inversely.

Encyc.

To feel one's pulse, metaphorically, to sound one's opinion; to try or to know one's mind.

Pulse

PULSE, verb intransitive To beat, as the arteries. [Little used.]

Ray.

Pulse

PULSE, verb transitive [Latin pulso.] To drive, as the pulse. [Little used.]

Pulse

PULSE, noun [Qu. from Latin pulsus, beaten out, as seeds; or Hebrew Chaldee a bean, from to separate.]

Leguminous plants or their seeds; the plants whose pericarp is a legume or pod, as beans, peas, &c.

Milton. Dryden.

Pulsific

PULSIF'IC, adjective [pulse and Latin facio, to make.] Exciting the pulse; causing pulsation.

Smith.

Pulsion

PUL'SION, noun [from Latin pulsus.] The act of driving forward; in opposition to suction or traction. [Little used.]

More. Bentley.

Pultaceous

PULTA'CEOUS, adjective [from Greek, Latin puls. See Pulp.] Macerated; softened; nearly fluid.

Beddoes.

Pulverable

PUL'VERABLE, adjective [from Latin pulvis, dust, probably from pello, pulso, or its root, that which is beaten fine, or that which is driven. See Powder.]

That may be reduced to fine powder; capable of being pulverized.

Boyle.

Pulverate

PUL'VERATE, verb transitive To beat or reduce to powder or dust.

[But pulverize is generally used.]

Pulverin

PUL'VERIN, or PUL'VERINE, noun Ashes of barilla.

Pulverization

PULVERIZA'TION, noun [from pulverize.] The act of reducing to dust or powder.

Pulverize

PUL'VERIZE, verb transitive [Italian polverizzare; French pulveriser.]

To reduce to fine powder, as by beating, grinding, &c. Friable substances may be pulverized by grinding or beating; but to pulverize malleable bodies, other methods must be pursued.

Encyc.

Pulverized

PUL'VERIZED, participle passive Reduced to fine powder.

Pulverizing

PUL'VERIZING, participle of the present tense Reducing to fine powder.

Pulverous

PUL'VEROUS, adjective Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.

Pulverulence

PULVER'ULENCE, noun Dustiness; abundance of dust or powder.

Pulverulent

PULVER'ULENT, adjective Dusty; consisting of fine powder; powdery.

2. Addicted to lying and rolling in the dust, as fowls.

Pulvil

PUL'VIL, noun A sweet scented powder. [Little used.]

Gay.

Pulvil

PUL'VIL, verb transitive To sprinkle with a perfumed powder. [Not used.]

Congreve.

Puma

PU'MA, noun A rapacious quadruped of America, of the genus Felis.

Pumice

PUM'ICE, noun [Latin pumex, supposed to be from the root of spuma, foam; German bimstein; Dutch puimsteen.]

A substance frequently ejected from volcanoes, of various colors, gray, white, reddish brown or black; hard, rough and porous; specifically lighter than water, and resembling the slag produced in an iron furnace. It consists of parallel fibers, and is supposed to be asbestos decomposed by the action of fire.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Pumice is of three kinds, glassy, common, and porphyritic.

Ure.

Pumice-Stone

PUM'ICE-STONE, noun The same as pumice.

Pumiceous

PUMI'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to pumice; consisting of pumice or resembling it.

Pummel

PUMMEL. [See Pommel.]

Pump

PUMP, noun [French pompe, a pump and pomp; Dutch pomp; Danish pompe; Spanish bomba, a pump and a bomb. We see that pump, pomp, and bomb are the same word, differently applied by different nations. The Latin bombus is of the same family, as is the bombast; Irish buimpis, a pump; Welsh pwmp, a round mass. The primary sense of the root seems to be to swell.]

1. A hydraulic engine for raising water, by exhausting the incumbent air of a tube or pipe, in consequence of which the water rises in the tube by means of the pressure of the air on the surrounding water. There is however a forcing pump in which the water is raised in the tube by a force applied to a lateral tube, near the bottom of the pump.

2. A shoe with a thin sole.

Swift.

Pump

PUMP, verb intransitive To work a pump; to raise water with a pump.

Pump

PUMP, verb transitive To raise with a pump; as, to pump water.

2. To draw out by artful interrogatories; as, to pump out secrets.

3. To examine by artful questions for the purpose of drawing out secrets.

But pump not me for politics.

Otway.

Chain-pump, is a chain equipped with a sufficient number of valves at proper distances, which working on two wheels, passes down through one tube and returns through another.

Mar. Dict.

Pump-Bolts

PUMP'-BOLTS, noun Two pieces of iron, one used to fasten the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum for the brake to work upon.

Mar. Dict.

Pump-Brake

PUMP'-BRAKE, noun The arm or handle of a pump.

Mar. Dict.

Pump-Dale

PUMP'-DALE, noun A long wooden tube, used to convey the water from a chain-pump across the ship and through the side.

Mar. Dict.

Pumper

PUMP'ER, noun The person or the instrument that pumps.

Pump-Gear

PUMP'-GEAR, noun The materials for fitting and repairing pumps.

Mar. Dict.

Pump-Hood

PUMP'-HOOD, noun A semi-cylindrical frame of wood, covering the upper wheel of a chain-pump.

Pumpion

PUMP'ION, noun [Dutch pompoen, Swedish pomp, a gourd.]

A plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucurbita.

Pumpkin

PUMP'KIN, noun A pompion. [This is the common orthography of the word in the United States.]

Pump-Spear

PUMP'-SPEAR, noun The bar to which the upper box of a pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle.

Mar. Dict.

Pun

PUN, noun [Qu. Welsh pun, equal.] An expression in which a word has at once different meanings; an expression in which two different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble or equivocation; a low species of wit. Thus a man who had a tall wife named Experience, observed that he had, by long experience, proved the blessings of a married life.

A pun can be no more engraven, than it can be translated.

Addison.

Pun

PUN, verb intransitive To quibble; to use the same word at once in different senses.

Dryden.

Pun

PUN, verb transitive To persuade by a pun.

Addison.

Punch

PUNCH, noun [Welsh pwnc, a point; Armoric poenÃƒ-§onn; French poinÃƒ-§on; Spanish punzon; Latin punctum, pungo.]

An instrument of iron or steel, used in several arts for perforating holes in plates of metal, and so contrived as to cut out a piece.

Punch

PUNCH, noun [Spanish ponche; Dutch pons; German punsch; Danish pons, ponsh.]

A drink composed of water sweetened with sugar, with a mixture of lemon juice and spirit.

Encyc. Swift.

Punch

PUNCH, noun The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show. [See Punchinello.]

Punch

PUNCH, noun A well set horse with a short back, thin shoulders, broad neck, and well covered with flesh.

Far. Dict.

2. A short fat fellow.

Punch

PUNCH, verb transitive [Spanish punzar; Welsh pynciaw; Latin pungo. In this word, n is probably casual, and the root is Pg, of the same family as peg, pack, or pike, with the primary sense of driving or thrusting, a point.]

1. To perforate with an iron instrument, either pointed or not; as, to punch a hole in a plate of metal.

Wiseman.

2. In popular usage, to thrust against with something obtuse; as, to punch one with the elbow.

Punchbowl

PUNCH'BOWL, noun A bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is drank.

Punched

PUNCH'ED, participle passive Perforated with a punch.

Puncheon

PUNCH'EON, noun [French poinÃƒ-§on, a bodkin, a puncheon.]

1. A small piece of steel, on the end o? which is engraved a figure or letter, in creux or relievo, with which impressions are stamped on metal or other substance; used in coinage, in forming the matrices of types, and in various arts.

Encyc.

2. In carpentry, a piece of timber placed upright between two posts, whose bearing is too great; also, a piece of timber set upright under the ridge of a building, wherein the legs of a couple, &c. are jointed.

Encyc.

3. A measure of liquids, or a cask containing usually 120 gallons. Rum or spirits is imported from the West Indies in puncheons, but these are often called also hogsheads.

Puncher

PUNCH'ER, noun One that punches.

2. A punch or perforating instrument.

Punchinello

PUNCHINEL'LO, noun A punch; a buffoon.

Tatler.

Punching

PUNCH'ING, participle of the present tense Perforating with a punch; driving against.

Punchy

PUNCH'Y, adjective Short and thick, or fat.

Punctate

PUNC'TATE, or PUNC'TATED, adjective [Latin punctus, pungo.] Pointed.

2. In botany, perforated; full of small holes; having hollow dots scattered over the surface.

Martyn.

Punctiform

PUNC'TIFORM, adjective [Latin punctum, point, and form.] Having the form of a point.

Ed. Encyc.

Punctilio

PUNCTIL'IO, noun [Spanish puntilla; Italian puntiglio; from Latin punctum, a point.]

A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony or proceeding; particularity or exactness in forms; as the punctilios of a public ceremony.

Addison.

Punctilious

PUNCTIL'IOUS, adjective Very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, ceremony or mutual intercourse; very exact in the observance of rules prescribed by law or custom; sometimes, exact to excess.

Rogers.

Punctiliously

PUNCTIL'IOUSLY, adverb With exactness or great nicety.

Punctiliousness

PUNCTIL'IOUSNESS, noun Exactness in the observance of forms or rules; attentive to nice points of behavior or ceremony.

Puncto

PUNC'TO, noun [Spanish Italian punto; Latin punctum, from pungo, to prick.]

1. Nice point of form or ceremony.

Bacon.

2. The point in fencing.

Shak.

Punctual

PUNC'TUAL, adjective [French ponctuel; Italian puntuale; Spanish puntual; from Latin punctum, a point.]

1. Consisting in a point; as this punctual spot. [Little used.]

Milton.

2. Exact; observant of nice points; punctilious, particularly in observing time, appointments or promises. It is honorable in a man to be punctual to appointments, or to appointed hours; it is just to be punctual in paying debts.

3. Exact; as a punctual correspondence between a prediction and an event.

4. Done at the exact time; as punctual payment.

Punctualist

PUNC'TUALIST, noun One that is very exact in observing forms and ceremonies.

Milton.

Punctuality

PUNCTUAL'ITY, noun Nicety; scrupulous exactness. He served his prince with punctuality.

Howell.

2. It is now used chiefly in regard to time. He pays his debts with punctuality. He is remarkable for the punctuality of his attendance.

Punctually

PUNC'TUALLY, adverb Nicely; exactly; with scrnpulous regard to time, appointments, promises or rules; as, to attend a meeting punctually; to pay debts or rent punctually; to observe punctually one's engagements.

Punctualness

PUNC'TUALNESS, noun Exactness; punctuality.

Felton.

Punctuate

PUNC'TUATE, verb transitive [French ponctuer, from Latin punctum, a point.]

To mark with points; to designate sentences, clauses or other divisions of a writing by points, which mark the proper pauses.

M. Stuart.

Punctuated

PUNC'TUATED, participle passive Pointed.

Fourcroy.

2. Having the divisions marked with points.

Punctuating

PUNC'TUATING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with points.

Punctuation

PUNCTUA'TION, noun In grammar, the act or art of pointing a writing or discourse, or the act or art of marking with points the divisions of a discourse into sentences and clauses or members of a sentence. Punctuation is performed by four points, the period (.); the colon (:); the semicolon (;); and the comma (,). The ancients were unacquainted with punctuation; they wrote without any distinction of members, periods or words.

Punctulate

PUNC'TULATE, verb transitive [Latin punctulum.] To mark with small spots. [Not used.]

Woodward.

Puncture

PUNC'TURE, noun [Latin punctura; Italian puntura.]

The act of perforating with a pointed instrument; or a small hole made by it; as the puncture of a nail, needle or pin.

A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp.

Rambler.

Puncture

PUNC'TURE, verb transitive To prick; to pierce with a small pointed instrument; as, to puncture the skin.

Punctured

PUNC'TURED, participle passive Pricked; pierced with a sharp point.

Puncturing

PUNC'TURING, participle of the present tense Piercing with a sharp point.

Pundit

PUN'DIT, noun [In Persic, pand, learning.] In Hindoostan, a learned Bramin; one versed in the Sanscrit language, and in the science, laws and religion of that country.

Pundle

PUN'DLE, noun A short and fat woman. [Not used.]

Ainsworth.

Pungar

PUN'GAR, noun A fish.

Ainsworth.

Pungency

PUN'GENCY, noun [Latin pungens, pungo, to prick.]

1. The power of pricking or piercing; as the pungency of a substance.

Arbuthnot.

2. That quality of a substance which produces the sensation of pricking, or affecting the taste like minute sharp points; sharpness; acridness.

3. Power to pierce the mind or excite keen reflections or remorse; as the pungency of a discourse.

4. Acrimoniousness; keenness; as the pungency of wit or of expressions.

Stillingfleet.

Pungent

PUN'GENT, adjective [Latin pungens, pungo.] Pricking; stimulating; as pungent snuff.

The pungent grains of titillating dust.

Pope.

2. Acrid; affecting the tongue like small sharp points; as the sharp and pungent taste of acids.

Newton.

3. Piercing; sharp; as pungent pains; pungent grief.

Swift.

4. Acrimonious; biting.

Fell.

Punic

PU'NIC, adjective [Latin punicus, pertaining to Carthage or its inhabitants, from Poeni, the Carthaginians; qu. from Phoeni, as Carthage was settled by Phenicians.]

Pertaining to the Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; deceitful; as punic faith.

Punic

PU'NIC, noun The ancient language of the Carthaginians, of which Plautus has left a specimen.

Asiat. Res.

Punice

PU'NICE, noun A wall-louse; a bug. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Puniceous

PUNI'CEOUS, adjective [Latin puniceus. See Punic.] Purple.

Dict.

Puniness

PU'NINESS, noun [from puny.] Littleness; pettiness; smallness with feebleness.

Punish

PUN'ISH, verb transitive [Armoric puniÃƒ-§za; French punir, punissant; Italian punire; Spanish punir; from Latin punio, from the root of poena, pain. The primary sense is to press or strain.]

1. To pain; to afflict with pain, loss or calamity for a crime or fault; primarily, to afflict with bodily pain, as to punish a thief with pillory or stripes; but the word is applied also to affliction by loss of property, by transportation, banishment, seclusion from society, &c. The laws require murderers to be punished with death. Other offenders are to be punished with fines, imprisonment, hard labor, &c. God punishes men for their sins with calamities personal and national.

2. To chastise; as, a father punishes his child for disobedience.

3. To reward with pain or suffering inflicted on the offender; applied to the crime; as, to punish murder or theft.

Punishable

PUN'ISHABLE, adjective Worthy of punishment.

2. Liable to punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; applied to persons or offenses; as, a man is punishable for robbery or for trespass; a crime is punishable by law.

Punishableness

PUN'ISHABLENESS, noun The quality of deserving or being liable to punishment.

Punished

PUN'ISHED, participle passive Afflicted with pain or evil as the retribution of a crime or offense; chastised.

Punisher

PUN'ISHER, noun One that inflicts pain, loss or other evil for a crime or offense.

Milton.

Punishing

PUN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Afflicting with pain, penalty or suffering of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or offense.

Punishment

PUN'ISHMENT, noun Any pain or suffering inflicted on a person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which the offender is subject, either by the constitution of God or of civil society. The punishment of the faults and offenses of children by the parent, is by virtue of the right of government with which the parent is invested by God himself. This species of punishment is chastisement or correction. The punishment of crimes against the laws is inflicted by the supreme power of the state in virtue of the right of government, vested in the prince or legislature. The right of punishment belongs only to persons clothed with authority. Pain, loss or evil willfully inflicted on another for his crimes or offenses by a private unauthorized person, is revenge rather than punishment.

Some punishments consist in exile or transportation, others in loss of liberty by imprisonment; some extend to confiscation by forfeiture of lands and goods, others induce a disability of holding offices, of being heirs and the like.

Blackstone.

Divine punishments are doubtless designed to secure obedience to divine laws, and uphold the moral order of created intelligent beings.

The rewards and punishments of another life, which the Almighty has established as the enforcements of his law, are of weight enough to determine the choice against whatever pleasure or pain this life can show.

Locke.

Punition

PUNI'TION, noun [French from Latin punitio, from punio.] Punishment. [Little used.]

Punitive

PU'NITIVE, adjective [Italian punitivo.] Awarding or inflicting punishment; that punishes; as punitive law or justice.

Hammond.

Punitory

PU'NITORY, adjective Punishing or tending to punishment.

Punk

PUNK, noun A prostitute; a strumpet.

Shak.

Punner

PUN'NER, noun A punster, which see.

Steele.

Punning

PUN'NING, participle of the present tense [from pun.] Using a word at once in different senses.

Punning

PUN'NING, noun The art or practice of using puns; a playing on words.

Addison.

Punster

PUN'STER, noun One that puns or is skilled in punning; a quibbler; a low wit.

Arbuthnot.

Punt

PUNT, verb intransitive To play at basset and omber.

Addison.

Punt

PUNT, noun [Saxon punt, Latin pons, a bridge.] A flat-bottomed boat used in calking and repairing ships.

Mar. Dict.

Punter

PUNT'ER, noun One that plays in basset against the banker or dealer.

Encyc.

Puny

PU'NY, adjective [contracted from French puisnÃƒ-©, which see.]

1. Properly, young or younger; but in this sense not used.

2. Inferior; petty; of an under rate; small and feeble. This word generally includes the signification of both smallness and feebleness; as a puny animal; a puny subject; a puny power; a puny mind.

Milton. South. Dryden.

Puny

PU'NY, noun A young inexperienced person; a novice.

South.

Pup

PUP, verb intransitive [This word appears to be radically the same as the Latin pupa, babe, Welsh pob, the root of populus.]

To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.

Pup

PUP, noun A puppy.

Pupa

PU'PA, noun [Latin supra.] In natural history, an insect in that state in which it resembles an infant in swaddling clothes. As some insects in this state have a bright exterior, as if gilded, it has been called chrysalis or aurelia, from the Greek, and Latin aurum, gold; but as this gilded appearance belongs to few insects, the term pupa is now more generally used.

Pupil

PU'PIL, noun [Latin pupilla, dim. of pupa, pupus. See Pup.]

The apple of the eye; a little aperture in the middle of the iris and uvea of the eye, through which the rays of light pass to the crystaline humor, to be painted on the retina.

Encyc.

Pupil

PU'PIL, noun [French pupille; Latin pupillus, dim. of pupa, pupus. See Pup.]

1. A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.

Locke.

2. A ward; a youth or person under the care of a guardian.

Dryden.

3. In the civil law, a boy or girl under the age of puberty, that is, under 14 if a male, and under 12 if a female.

Encyc.

Pupilage

PU'PILAGE, noun The state of being a scholar, or under the care of an instructor for education and discipline.

Locke.

2. Wardship; minority.

Spenser.

In this latter sense, the Scots use pupilarity.

Beattie.

Pupilary

PU'PILARY, adjective [French pupillaire; Latin pupillaris.] Pertaining to a pupil or ward.

Johnson.

Pupivorous

PUPIV'OROUS, adjective [pupa and Latin voro.] Feeding on the larvas and crysalids of insects.

S. Latin Mitchill.

Puppet

PUP'PET, noun [French poupÃƒ-©e; Latin pupus. See Pup.]

1. A small image in the human form, moved by a wire in a mock drama; a wooden tragedian.

Pope.

2. A doll.

3. A word of contempt.

Shak.

Puppetman

PUP'PETMAN, or PUP'PETM`ASTER, noun The master of a puppet-show.

Swift.

Puppet-Player

PUP'PET-PLAYER, noun One that manages the motions of puppets.

Hales.

Puppetry

PUP'PETRY, noun Affectation.

Marston.

Puppet-Show

PUP'PET-SHOW, noun A mock drama performed by wooden images moved by wires.

Swift. Pope.

Puppy

PUP'PY, noun [See Pup.] A whelp; the young progeny of a bitch or female of the canine species.

2. Applied to persons, a name expressing extreme contempt.

Addison.

Puppy

PUP'PY, verb transitive To bring forth whelps.

Puppyism

PUP'PYISM, noun Extreme meanness.

2. Extreme affectation.

Todd.

Pur

PUR, verb intransitive To utter a low murmuring continued sound, as a cat.

Pur

PUR, verb transitive To signify by purring.

Gray.

Pur

PUR, noun The low murmuring continued sound of a cat.

Purana

PURANA, noun Among the Hindoos, a sacred poem or book.

Asiat. Res.

Puranic

PURAN'IC, adjective Pertaining to the sacred poems of the Hindoos.

Asiat. Res.

Purbeck-Stone

PURBECK-STONE, noun A hard sandstone, the cement of which is calcarious.

Nicholson.

Purblind

PUR'BLIND, adjective [said to be from pore and blind.]

Near sighted or dim sighted; seeing obscurely; as a purblind eye; a purblind mole.

Shak. Drummond.

Purblindness

PUR'BLINDNESS, noun Shortness of sight; near sightedness; dimness of vision.

Purchasable

PUR'CHASABLE, adjective [from purchase.] That may be bought, purchased or obtained for a consideration.

Purchase

PUR'CHASE, verb transitive [French pourchasser, to seek, to pursue; pour and chasser, to chase, Italian cacciare, Spanish cazar. This word seems to be considered by Blackstone as formed from the Latin perquisitio. This is an error. The word is from the root of chase; pourchasser is to pursue to the end or object, and hence to obtain. In law Latin, purchase, the noun, was written purchacium. The legal use of the word in obtaining writs, shows best its true origin; to purchase a writ, is to sue out a writ, that is, to seek it out; for sue, seek, and Latin sequor, are all of one origin, and synonymous with chase. See Blackstone, B. 3. Chaldee 18. Spelman ad voc.]

1. In its primary and legal sense, to gain, obtain or acquire by any means, except by descent or hereditary right.

Blackstone.

2. In common usage, to buy; to obtain property by paying an equivalent in money. It differs from barter only in the circumstance, that in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secured is money; in bartering, the equivalent is given in goods. We purchase lands or goods for ready money or on credit.

3. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger or other sacrifice; as, to purchase favor with flattery.

A world who would not purchase with a bruise?

Milton.

4. To expiate or recompense by a fine or forfeit; as, to purchase out abuses with tears and prayer.

Shak.

5. To sue out or procure, as a writ.

Purchase

PUR'CHASE, verb intransitive In seaman's language, to draw in; as, the capstern purchases apace, that is, it draws in the cable apace, it gains it.

Encyc.

Purchase

PUR'CHASE, noun [Norm. French pourchas or purchas.]

1. In law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lands and tenements by money, deed, gift or any means, except by descent; the acquisition of lands and tenements by a man's own act or agreement.

Littleton. Blackstone.

2. In law, the suing out and obtaining a writ.

3. In common usage, the acquisition of the title or property of any thing by rendering an equivalent in money.

It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.

Franklin.

4. That which is purchased; any thing of which the property is obtained by giving an equivalent price in money.

The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase.

Wheaton.

5. That which is obtained by labor, danger, art, &c.

A beauty waning and distressed widow

Made prize and purchase of his wanton eyeÃ‚--

Shak.

6. Formerly, robbery, and the thing stolen.

Chaucer.

7. Any mechanical power or force applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies.

Purchased

PUR'CHASED, participle passive Obtained or acquired by one's own act or agreement.

2. Obtained by paying an equivalent in money.

3. Obtained by labor, danger, art, &c.

Purchase-Money

PUR'CHASE-MONEY, noun The money paid for any thing bought.

Berkeley.

Purchaser

PUR'CHASER, noun In law, one who acquires or obtains by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other than by descent or inheritance. In this sense, the word is by some authors written purchasor.

Blackstone.

2. One who obtains or acquires the property of any thing by paying an equivalent in money.

Purchasing

PUR'CHASING, participle of the present tense Buying; obtaining by one's own act or for a price.

Pure

PURE, adjective [Latin purus; Italian Spanish puro; French pur; Welsh pÃƒ-»r; Saxon pur; Hebrew. The verb signifies to separate, free, clear; a sense taken from driving off. The word varied in orthography, occurs in Chaldee Syriac and Arabic See in the Introduction. Class Br. No. 7. and 6. 8. 9. 10.]

1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; clear; free from mixture; as pure water; pure clay; pure sand; pure air; pure silver or gold. Pure wine is very scarce.

2. Free from moral defilement; without spot; not sullied or tarnished; incorrupt; undebased by moral turpitude; holy.

Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil. Habakkuk 1. Proverbs 20.

3. Genuine; real; true; incorrupt; unadulterated; as pure religion. James 1.

4. Unmixed; separate from any other subject or from every thing foreign; as pure mathematics.

5. Free from guilt; guiltless; innocent.

No hand of strife is pure, but that which wins.

Daniel.

6. Not vitiated with improper or corrupt words or phrases; as a pure style of discourse or composition.

7. Disinterested; as pure benevolence.

8. Chaste; as a pure virgin.

9. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Titus ~~.

10. Ceremonially clean; unpolluted. Ez. 6.

11. Free from any thing improper; as, his motives are pure.

12. Mere; absolute; that and that only; unconnected with any thing else; as a pure villain. He did that from pure compassion, or pure good nature.

Pure

PURE, verb transitive To purify; to cleanse. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Purely

PU'RELY, adverb In a pure manner; with an entire separation of heterogeneous or foul matter. Isaiah 1.

2. Without any mixture of improper or vicious words or phrases.

3. Innocently; without guilt.

4. Merely; absolutely; without connection with any thing else; completely; totally. The meeting was purely accidental.

Pureness

PU'RENESS, noun Clearness; an unmixed state; separation or freedom from any heterogeneous or foreign matter; as the pureness of water or other liquor; the pureness of a metal; the pureness of marl or clay; the pureness of air.

2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt.

May we evermore serve thee in holiness and pureness of living.

Com. Prayer.

3. Simplicity; freedom from mixture or composition.

An essence eternal and spiritual, of absolute pureness and simplicity.

Raleigh.

4. Freedom from vicious or improper words, phrases or modes of speech; as pureness of style.

Ascham.

Pure villenage, in the feudal law, is a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord; opposed to privileged villenage.

Blackstone.

Purfile

PUR'FILE, noun [French pourfilÃƒ-©e; pour and file.]

A sort of ancient trimming for women's gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called also bobbin work.

Bailey.

[The thing and the name are obsolete.]

Purfle

PUR'FLE, verb transitive [French pourfiler; Italian profilare. See Profile.]

To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; as, to purfle with blue and white, or with gold and pearl. Obs.

Spenser. Shak. Milton.

Purfle

PUR'FLE, or PUR'FLEW, noun A border of embroidered work.

2. In heraldry, ermins, peans or furs which compose a bordure.

Encyc.

Purgament

PURG'AMENT, noun [Latin purgamen.] A cathartic.

Bacon.

Purgation

PURGA'TION, noun [French from Latin purgatio. See Purge.]

1. The act or operation of cleansing or purifying by separating and carrying off impurities or whatever is superfluous; applied to the body; as, the bowels are cleansed by purgation. So also in pharmacy and in chimistry, medicines, metals and minerals are purified by purgation.

Encyc.

2. In law, the act of cleansing from a crime, accusation or suspicion of guilt. This was canonical or vulgar. Canonical purgation, prescribed by the canon law, was performed before the bishop or his deputy, and by a jury of twelve clerks. The party accused first made oath to his own innocence, and then the twelve clerks or compurgators swore that they believed he spoke the truth; after which, other witnesses were examined upon oath, on behalf of the prisoner only. Vulgar purgation was performed by the ordeal of fire or water, or by combat. [See Ordeal.]

Blackstone.

Purgative

PURG'ATIVE, adjective [Italian purgativo; French purgatif.]

Having the power of cleansing; usually, having the power of evacuating the bowels; cathartic.

Purgative

PURG'ATIVE, noun A medicine that evacuates the bowels; a cathartic.

Purgatorial

PURGATO'RIAL, or PURGATO'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to purgatory.

Mede.

Purgatory

PURG'ATORY, adjective [Latin purgatorius, from purgo, to purge.]

Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory.

Burke.

Purgatory

PURG'ATORY, noun [French purgatoire.] Among catholics, a supposed place or state after death, in which the souls of persons are purified, or in which they expiate such offenses committed in this life, as do not merit eternal damnation. After this purgation from the impurities of sin, the souls are supposed to be received into heaven.

Encyc. Stillingfleet.

Purge

PURGE, v. t. purj. [Latin purgo; French purger; Spanish purgar; Italian purgare; probably a derivative from the root of pure.]

1. To cleanse or purify by separating and carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign or superfluous; as, to purge the body by evacuation; to purge the Augean stable. It is followed by away, of, or off. We say, to purge away or to purge off filth, and to purge a liquor of its scum.

2. To clear from guilt or moral defilement; as, to purge one of guilt or crime; to purge away sin.

Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. Psalm 79.

Purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean. Psalm 51.

3. To clear from accusation or the charge of a crime, as in ordeal.

4. To remove what is offensive; to sweep away impurities. Ezekiel 20.

5. To clarify; to defecate; as liquors.

Purge

PURGE, verb intransitive To become pure by clarification.

2. To have frequent or preternatural evacuations by stool.

Purge

PURGE, noun A medicine that evacuates the body by stool; a cathartic.

Arbuthnot.

Purged

PURG'ED, participle passive Purified; cleansed; evacuated.

Purger

PURG'ER, noun A person or thing that purges or cleanses.

2. A cathartic.

Purging

PURG'ING, participle of the present tense Cleansing; purifying; carrying off impurities or superfluous matter.

Purging

PURG'ING, noun A diarrhea or dysentery; preternatural evacuation by stool; looseness of bowels.

Purification

PURIFICA'TION, noun [French from Latin purificatio. See Purify.]

1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from any thing that which is heterogeneous or foreign to it; as the purification of liquors or of metals.

Boyle.

2. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement. Purification by washing or by other means, was common to the Hebrews and to pagans. The Mohammedans use purification as a preparation for devotion. 2 Chronicles 30. Esther 2. Luke 2.

Encyc.

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of sinful desires, appetites and inclinations.

Purificative

PURIF'ICATIVE, or PURIF'ICATORY, adjective Having power to purify; tending to cleanse.

Purifier

PU'RIFIER, noun [from purify.] That which purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a refiner. Fire was held by the ancients to be an excellent purifier.

Puriform

PU'RIFORM, adjective [Latin pus, puris and form.] Like pus; in the form of pus.

Med. Repos.

Purify

PU'RIFY, verb transitive [French purifier; Latin purifico; purus, pure, and facio, to make.]

1. To make pure or clear; to free from extraneous admixture; as, to purify liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.

2. To free from pollution ceremonially; to remove whatever renders unclean and unfit for sacred services.

Purify yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day purify all your raiment. Numbers 31.

3. To free from guilt or the defilement of sin; as, to purify the heart.

Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify to himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. Titus ~~.

4. To clear from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language.

Sprat.

Purify

PU'RIFY, verb intransitive To grow or become pure or clear. Liquors will gradually purify.

Burnet.

Purifying

PU'RIFYING, participle of the present tense Removing foreign or heterogeneous matter; cleansing from pollution; fining; making clear.

Purifying

PU'RIFYING, noun The act or operation of making pure, or of cleansing from extraneous matter or from pollution.

Purim

PU'RIM, noun Among the Jews, the feast of lots, instituted to commemorate their deliverance from the machinations of Haman. Esther 9.

Purist

PU'RIST, noun [French puriste.] One excessively nice in the use of words.

Chesterfield. Johnson.

Puritan

PU'RITAN, noun [from pure.] A dissenter from the church of England. The puritans were so called in derision, on account of their professing to follow the pure word of God, in opposition to all traditions and human constitutions.

Encyc.

Hume gives this name to three parties; the political puritans, who maintained the highest principles of civil liberty; the puritans in discipline, who were averse to the ceremonies and government of the episcopal church; and the doctrinal puritans, who rigidly defended the speculative system of the first reformers.

Puritan

PU'RITAN, adjective Pertaining to the puritans, or dissenters from the church of England.

Sanderson.

Puritanic

PURITAN'IC, or PURITAN'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the puritans or their doctrines and practice; exact; rigid; as puritanical notions or opinions; puritanical manners.

Puritanism

PU'RITANISM, noun The notions or practice of puritans.

Mountague.

Puritanize

PU'RITANIZE, verb intransitive To deliver the notions of puritans.

Mountague.

Purity

PU'RITY, noun [French puritÃƒ-©; Latin puritas, from purus.]

1. Freedom from foreign admixture or heterogeneous matter; as the purity of water, of wine, of spirit; the purity of drugs; the purity of metals.

2. Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt; as the purity of a garment.

The purity of a linen vesture.

Holyday.

3. Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; as purity of heart or life.

4. Chastity; freedom from contamination by illicit sexual connection.

Shak.

5. Freedom from any sinister or improper views; as the purity of motives or designs.

6. Freedom from foreign idioms, from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as purity of style or language.

Purl

PURL, noun [supposed to be contracted from purfle. Qu.]

1. An embroidered and puckered border.

Johnson. Bacon.

2. A kind of edging for bone-lace.

Bailey.

Purl

PURL, noun A species of malt liquor; ale or beer medicated with wormwood or aromatic herbs.

Bailey. Johnson.

Purl

PURL, noun Two rounds in knitting.

Purl

PURL, verb intransitive [Swedish porla; Welsh freulaw, to purl, to ripple; fraul, a rippling. It may be allied to German brÃƒ-¼llen, Dutch brullen, Danish broler, to roar, and to frill, trill and roll.]

1. To murmur, as a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions, which occasion a continued series of broken sounds. It is applied only to small streams. Large streams running in like manner, are said to roar. In descriptions of rural scenery, the poets seldom omit a purling brook or stream.

My flowery theme,

A painted mistress or a purling stream.

Pope.

2. To flow or run with a murmuring sound.

Around th' adjoining brook that purls along

The vocal grove, now fretting o'er a rock.

Thomson.

Purl

PURL, verb transitive To decorate with fringe or embroidery.

B. Jonson.

Purl

PURL, noun A gentle continued murmur of a small stream of rippling water.

Purlieu

PURLIEU, n. pur'lu. [French pur, pure, and lieu, place.]

A border; a limit; a certain limited extent or district; originally, the ground near a royal forest, which being severed from it, was made purlieu, that is, pure or free from the forest laws.

Encyc.

Purlin

PUR'LIN, noun In architecture, a piece of timber extending from end to end of a building or roof, across and under the rafters, to support them in the middle.

Encyc.

Purling

PURL'ING, participle of the present tense [from purl.] Murmuring or gurgling, as a brook.

Purling

PURL'ING, noun The continued gentle murmur of a small stream.

Purloin

PURLOIN', verb transitive [French pour and loin, far off. See Eloign.]

1. Literally, to take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take by theft.

Your butler purloins your liquor.

Arbuthnot.

2. To take by plagiarism; to steal from books or manuscripts.

Dryden.

Purloined

PURLOIN'ED, participle passive Stolen; taken by plagiarism.

Purloiner

PURLOIN'ER, noun A thief; a plagiary.

Purloining

PURLOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Stealing; committing literary theft.

Purloining

PURLOIN'ING, noun Theft; plagiarism.

Purparty

PUR'PARTY, noun [French pour and partie, part.] In law, a share, part or portion of an estate, which is allotted to a co-parcener by partition.

Cowel.

Purple

PUR'PLE, adjective [French pourprÃƒ-©; Latin purpureus; Spanish purpureo; Italian porporino; Greek, from, Latin purpura, a shell from which the color was obtained.]

1. Designating a color composed of red and blue blended, much admired, and formerly the Roman emperors wore robes of this color.

2. In poetry, red or livid; dyed with blood.

I view a field of blood,

And Tyber rolling with a purple flood.

Dryden.

Purple

PUR'PLE, noun A purple color or dress; hence, imperial government in the Roman empire, as a purple robe was the distinguishing dress of the emperors.

Gibbon.

2. A cardinalate.

Addison. Hume.

Purple

PUR'PLE verb transitive [Latin purpuro.] To make purple, or to dye of a red color; as hands purpled with blood.

When mom

Purples the east.

Milton.

Reclining soft in blissful bowers,

Purpled sweet with springing flowers.

Fenton.

Purples

PUR'PLES, n. plu. Spots of a livid red on the body; livid eruptions which appear in certain malignant diseases; a purple fever.

Purplish

PUR'PLISH, adjective Somewhat purple.

Boyle.

Purport

PUR'PORT, noun [French pour, for, and porter, to bear.]

1. Design or tendency; as the purport of Plato's dialogue.

Norris.

2. Meaning; import; as the purport of a word or phrase.

Purport

PUR'PORT, verb transitive To intend; to intend to show.

Bacon.

2. To mean; to signify.

Purported

PUR'PORTED, participle passive Designed; intended; meant.

Purporting

PUR'PORTING, participle of the present tense Designing; intending; importing.

Purpose

PUR'POSE, noun [French propos; Spanish Italian proposito; Latin propositum, propono; pro, before, and pono, to set or place.]

1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any plan, measure or exertion. We believe the Supreme Being created intelligent beings for some benevolent and glorious purpose, and if so, how glorious and benevolent must be his purpose in the plan of redemption! The ambition of men is generally directed to one of two purposes, or to both; the acquisition of wealth or of power. We build houses for the purpose of shelter; we labor for the purpose of subsistence.

2. Intention; design. This sense, however, is hardly to be distinguished from the former; as purpose always includes the end in view.

Every purpose is established by counsel. Proverbs 20.

Being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will. Ephesians 1.

3. End; effect; consequence, good or bad. What good purpose will this answer? We sometimes labor to no purpose. Men often employ their time, talents and money for very evil purposes.

To what purpose is this waste? Matthew 26.

4. Instance; example. [Not in use.]

5. Conversation. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Of purpose, on purpose, with previous design; with the mind directed to that object. On purpose is more generally used, but the true phrase is of purpose.

Purpose

PUR'POSE, verb transitive To intend; to design; to resolve; to determine on some end or object to be accomplished.

I have purposed it, I will also do it. Isaiah 46. Ephesians 3.

Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem. Acts 19.

Purposed

PUR'POSED, participle passive Intended; designed; applied to things.

2. Resolved; having formed a design or resolution; applied to persons.

I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress. Psalm 17.

Purposeless

PUR'POSELESS, adjective Having no effect. [Little used.]

Hall.

Purposely

PUR'POSELY, adverb By design; intentionally; with predetermination.

In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and displeasing truths.

Atterbury.

So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng

By chance go right, they purposely go wrong.

Pope.

Purpresture

PUR'PRESTURE, noun [from French pour and prendre, pris, to take.]

In law, a nuisance, consisting in an inclosure of or encroachment on something that belongs to the public; as a house erected or inclosure made on the king's demesnes, or of a highway, &c.

Blackstone.

Purprise

PUR'PRISE, noun [French pourpris, supra.] A close or inclosure; also, the whole compass of a manor.

Bacon.

Purpurate

PUR'PURATE, noun A compound of purpuric acid and a salifiable base.

Ure.

Purpure

PUR'PURE, noun In heraldry, purple, represented in engraving by diagonal lines.

Encyc.

Purpuric

PUR'PURIC, adjective Purpuric acid is produced by the action of nitric acid upon the lithic or uric acid.

Dr. Prout.

Purr

PURR, verb intransitive To murmur as a cat. [See Pur.]

Purr

PURR, noun A sea lark.

Ainsworth.

Purre

PURRE, noun Cyderkin or perkin; the liquor made by steeping the gross matter of pressed apples.

Encyc.

Purring

PUR'RING, participle of the present tense Murmuring as a cat.

Purse

PURSE, n. purs. [French bourse; Italian borsa; Spanish Portugese bolsa; Dutch beurs; German bÃƒ-¶rse; Danish bÃƒ-¶rs; Latin byrsa, antox hide; Greek, id. Qu.]

1. A small bag in which money is contained or carried in the pocket. It was formerly made of lether, and is still made of this material by common people. It is usually of silk net-work.

2. A sum of money offered as the prize of winning in a horse race.

3. In Turkey, a sum of money, about Ãƒ--50 sterling, or $222.

4. The public coffers; the treasury; as, to exhaust a nation's purse, or the public purse.

Long purse, or heavy purse, wealth; riches.

Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or want of resources.

Sword and purse, the military power and wealth of a nation.

Purse

PURSE, verb transitive To put in a purse.

Dryden. Milton.

2. To contract into folds or wrinkles.

Thou didst contract and purse thy brow.

Shak.

Pursed

PURS'ED, participle passive Put in a purse.

2. Contracted into folds or wrinkles.

Pursenet

PURSENET, n. purs'net. A net, the mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse.

Mortimer.

Purse-Pride

PURSE-PRIDE, noun Pride of money; insolence proceeding from the possession of wealth.

Hall.

Purse-Proud

PURSE-PROUD, adjective Proud of wealth; puffed up with the possession of money or riches.

Purser

PURS'ER, noun In the navy, an officer who has charge of the provisions of a ship of war, and attends to their preservation and distribution among the officers and crew.

Mar. Dict.

Pursiness

PURSINESS, a mistake for pussiness. [See Pussy.]

Purslain

PURS'LAIN, noun [Italian porcellana, porcelain and purslain; Spanish verdolaga, purslain, which seems to be green leek, green plant. The Portuguese write very corruptly beldroega. The Latin is portulaca. See Leek.]

A plant of the genus Portulaca. The sea purslain is of the genus Atriplex. The tree sea purslain is the Atriplex halimus. (See Purslain tree.) The water purslain is of the genus Peplis.

Lee.

Purslain-Tree

PURS'LAIN-TREE, noun [Latin halimus.] A shrub proper for hedges.

Pursuable

PURSU'ABLE, adjective [from pursue.] That may be pursued, followed or prosecuted.

Sherwood.

Pursuance

PURSU'ANCE, noun [from pursue.] A following; prosecution, process or continued exertion to reach or accomplish something; as in pursuance of the main design.

2. Consequence; as in pursuance of an order from the commander in chief.

Pursuant

PURSU'ANT, adjective [from pursue, or rather from French poursuivant.]

Done in consequence or prosecution of any thing; hence, agreeable; conformable. Pursuant to a former resolution, the house proceeded to appoint the standing committees. This measure was adopted pursuant to a former order.

Pursue

PURSUE, verb transitive [French poursuivre; pour and suivre, to follow, Latin sequor; prosequor, or persequor. See Seek.]

1. To follow; to go or proceed after or in a like direction. The captain pursued the same course as former navigators have taken. A subsequent legislature pursued the course of their predecessors.

2. To take and proceed in, without following another. Captain Cook pursued a new and unexplored course. New circumstances often compel us to pursue new expedients and untried courses. What course shall we pursue?

3. To follow with a view to overtake; to follow with haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare; to pursue an enemy.

4. To seek; to use measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy at law.

5. To prosecute; to continue. A stream proceeds from a lake and pursues a southerly course to the ocean.

He that pursueth evil, pursueth it to his own death. Proverbs 11.

6. To follow as an example; to imitate.

The fame of ancient matrons you pursue.

Dryden.

7. To endeavor to attain to; to strive to reach or gain.

We happiness pursue; we fly from pain.

Prior.

8. To follow with enmity; to persecute.

This verb is frequently followed by after. Genesis 35.

Pursue

PURSUE, verb intransitive To go on; to proceed; to continue; a Gallicism.

I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chimists should not considerÃ‚--

Boyle.

Pursued

PURSU'ED, participle passive Followed; chased; prosecuted; continued.

Pursuer

PURSU'ER, noun One that follows; one that chases; one that follows in haste with a view to overtake.

Shak. Milton.

Pursuing

PURSU'ING, participle of the present tense Following; chasing; hastening after to overtake; prosecuting; proceeding in; continuing.

Pursuit

PURSUIT, noun [French poursuite.] The act of following with a view to overtake; a following with haste, either for sport or in hostility; as the pursuit of game; the pursuit of an enemy.

2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish or obtain; endeavor to attain to or gain; as the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of happiness or pleasure; the pursuit of power, of honor, of distinction, of a phantom.

3. Proceeding; course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view to some end; as mercantile pursuits; literary pursuits.

4. Prosecution; continuance of endeavor.

Clarendon.

Pursuivant

PUR'SUIVANT, noun [French poursuivant.] A state messenger; an attendant on the heralds.

Spenser. Camden.

Pursy

PURS'Y, a corrupt orthography. [See Pussy.]

Purtenance

PUR'TENANCE, noun [from the Latin pertinens, pertineo. See Appurtenance.]

Appurtenance; but applied to the pluck of an animal, Exodus 12.

Purulence

PU'RULENCE, or PU'RULENCY, noun [Latin purulentus, from pus, puris, matter.]

The generation of pus or matter; pus.

Arbuthnot.

Purulent

PU'RULENT, adjective Consisting of pus or matter; partaking of the nature of pus.

Bacon.

Purvey

PURVEY, verb transitive [French pourvoir; pour and voir, to see; Latin provideo; Italian provedere; Spanish proveer.]

1. To provide; to provide with conveniences.

Dryden.

2. To procure.

Thomson.

Purvey

PURVEY, verb intransitive To purchase provisions; to provide.

Milton.

Purveyance

PURVEYANCE, noun Procurement of provisions or victuals.

2. Provision; victuals provided.

Spenser.

3. In English laws, the royal prerogative or right of pre-emption, by which the king was authorized to buy provisions and necessaries for the use of his household at an apprized value, in preference to all his subjects, and even without the consent of the owner; also, the right of impressing horses and carriages, &c.; a right abolished by Stat. 12. Charles II. 24.

Purveyor

PURVEYOR, noun One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision for the table; a victualer.

Raleigh.

2. An officer who formerly provided or exacted provision for the king's household.

England.

3. One who provides the means of gratifying lust; a procurer; a pimp; a bawd.

Dryden. Addison.

Purview

PUR'VIEW, noun [Norm. French pourveu, purvieu, purvey; French pourvu, provided, from pourvoir. See Purvey.]

1. Primarily, a condition or proviso; but in this sense not used.

2. The body of a statue, or that part which begins with ``Be it enacted', as distinguished from the preamble.

Cowel. Encyc.

3. In modern usage, the limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or provisions.

Marshall.

4. Superintendence.

The federal powerÃ‚--is confined to objects of a general nature, more within the purview of the United States, than of any particular one. [Unusual.]

Ramsay.

5. Limit or sphere intended; scope; extent.

In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within the purview of that authority.

Federalist, Madison.

Pus

PUS, noun [Latin] The white or yellowish matter generated in ulcers and wounds in the process of healing.

Encyc.

Push

PUSH, verb transitive [French pousser; Dutch puis, a push; Swedish p?sa, to swell; Welsh pos, growth, increase; posiaw, to increase, or pwysaw, to press, to weigh. The sense is to thrust, press or urge. See Class Bz.]

1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; or to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; opposed to draw. We push a thing forward by force applied behind it; we draw by applying force before it. We may push without moving the object.

2. To butt; to strike with the end of the horns; to thrust the points of horns against.

If the ox shall push a man-servant or maid-servantÃ‚--he shall be stoned. Exodus 21.

3. To press or urge forward; as, to push an objection too far.

He forewarns his care

With rules to push his fortune or to bear.

Dryden.

4. To urge; to drive.

Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor.

Spectator.

5. To enforce; to press; to drive to a conclusion.

We are pushed for an answer.

Swift.

6. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.

To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.

Push

PUSH, verb intransitive To make a thrust; as, to push with the horns or with a sword.

Dryden. Addison.

2. To make an effort.

At length

Both sides resolv'd to push, we tried our strength.

Dryden.

3. To make an attack.

The king of the south shall push at him. Danish xi.

4. To burst out.

To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten. Push on, brave men.

Push

PUSH, noun A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.

Spenser.

2. Any pressure, impulse or force applied; as, to give the ball the first push.

Addison.

3. An assault or attack.

Watts.

4. A forcible onset; a vigorous effort.

Addison.

5. Exigence; trial; extremity.

When it comes to the push, it is no more than talk.

L'Estrange.

6. A sudden emergence.

Shak.

7. A little swelling or pustule; a wheal; a pimple; an eruption.

Bacon.

Pushed

PUSHED, participle passive Pressed; urged; driven.

Pusher

PUSHER, noun One that drives forward.

Pushing

PUSHING, participle of the present tense Pressing; driving; urging forward.

2. adjective Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; vigorous.

Pushpin

PUSHPIN, noun A child's play in which pins are pushed alternately.

L'Estrange.

Pusillanimity

PUSILLANIM'ITY, noun [French pusillanimitÃƒ-©; Latin pusillanimitas; pusillus, small, weak, and animus, courage.]

Want of that firmness and strength of mind which constitutes courage or fortitude; weakness of spirit; cowardliness; that feebleness of mind which shrinks from trifling or imaginary dangers.

It is obvious to distinguish between an act of pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility.

South.

Pusillanimous

PUSILLAN'IMOUS, adjective [French pusillanime; Italian pusillanimo, supra.]

1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of mind which constitutes courage, bravery and fortitude; being of weak courage; mean spirited; cowardly; applied to persons; as a pusillanimous prince.

2. Proceeding from weakness of mind or want of courage; feeble; as pusillanimous counsels.

Bacon.

Pusillanimously

PUSILLAN'IMOUSLY, adverb With want of courage.

Pusillanimousness

PUSILLAN'IMOUSNESS, noun Pusillanimity; want of courage.

Puss

PUSS, noun [Dutch poes, puss, a fur tippet, and a kiss; Irish pus, a cat, and the lip.]

1. The fondling name of a cat.

Watts.

2. The sportsman's name for a hare.

Gay.

Pussiness

PUS'SINESS, noun [from pussy.] A state of being swelled or bloated; inflation; hence, shortness of breath.

Pussy

PUS'SY, adjective [French poussif, from pousser, to push; Swedish p?sa, to swell or inflate; Ir, baois, lust, vanity; allied to boast. This word has been written pursy, evidently by mistake. We have the word probably from the French poussif, from pousser, to push.]

Properly, inflated, swelled; hence, fat, short and thick; and as persons of this make labor in respiration, the word is used for short breathed.

Pustulate

PUS'TULATE, verb transitive [Latin pustulatus. See Pustule.]

To form into pustules or blisters.

Stackhouse.

Pustule

PUSTULE, n. pus'l or pus'tul; the former is the usual pronunciation in America. [French pustule; Latin pustula; from the root of push.]

A pimple or wheal; a small push or eruption on the skin.

Arbuthnot.

Pustulous

PUS'TULOUS, adjective [Latin pustulosus.] Full of pustules or pimples.

Put

PUT, verb transitive pret. and pp. put. [Dutch pooten, to set or plant; poot, the foot; Danish poder, to graft; pode, a cion; Greek, contracted from or, whence, a germ, shoot or twig. We find the same word in the Latin puto, to prune, that is, to thrust off, also to think or consider, that is, to set in the mind, as we use suppose, Latin suppono. But we see the English sense more distinctly in the compounds, imputo, to impute, that is, to put to or on; computo, to compute, to put together. The Welsh pwtian, to poke, to thrust, and pwtiaw, to butt, are doubtless the same word. The Latin posui, from pono, is probably a dialectical orthography of the same root. See Class Bd. and Bs. The primary sense is to thrust, throw, drive or send.]

1. To set, lay or place; in a general sense. Thus we say, to put the hand to the face; to put a book on the shelf; to put a horse in the stable; to put fire to the fuel; to put clothes on the body. God planted a garden and there he put Adam.

2. Put is applicable to state or condition, as well as to place. Put him in a condition to help himself. Put the fortress in a state of defense. The apostles were put in trust with the gospel. We are often put in jeopardy by our own ignorance or rashness. We do not always put the best men in office.

3. To repose.

How wilt thouÃ‚--put thy trust on Egypt for chariots? 2 Kings 18.

4. To push into action.

Thank him who puts me, loth, to this revenge.

Milton.

5. To apply; to set to employment.

No man having put his hand to the plow, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God. Luke 9.

6. To throw or introduce suddenly. He had no time to put in a word.

7. To consign to letters.

He made a proclamationÃ‚--and put it also in writing. 2 Chronicles 36.

8. To oblige; to require.

We are put to prove things which can hardly be made plainer.

Tillotson.

9. To incite; to instigate; to urge by influence. The appearance of a formidable enemy put the king on making vigorous preparations for defense.

This put me upon observing the thickness of the glass.

Newton.

These wretches put us upon all mischief, to feed their lusts and extravagances.

Swift.

10. To propose; as, to put a question to the witness; to put a case in point.

11. To reach to another. Habakkuk 2.

12. To bring into a state of mind or temper.

Solyman, to put the Rhodians out of all suspicion of invasionÃ‚--

Knolles.

13. To offer; to advance.

I am ashamed to put a loose indigested play upon the publicÃ‚--

Dryden.

14. To cause.

The natural constitutions of men put a wide difference between them.

Locke.

To put about, to turn, to change the course; to gibe ship.

To put by, to turn away; to divert.

The design of the evil one is to put thee by from thy spiritual employment.

Taylor.

A fright hath put by an ague fit.

Grew.

2. To thrust aside.

Jonathan had died for being so,

Had not just God put by th' unnatural blow.

Cowley.

To put down, to baffle; to repress; to crush; as, to put down a party.

2. To degrade; to deprive of authority, power or place.

3. To bring into disuse.

Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Obs.

Bacon.

4. To confute; to silence.

Mark now how a plain tale shall put you down.

Shak.

To put forth, to propose; to offer to notice. Sampson said, I will now put forth a riddle to you. Judges 14.

2. To extend; to reach; as, to put forth the hand.

3. To shoot out; to send out, as a sprout; as, to put forth leaves.

4. To exert; to bring into action; as, to put forth strength.

5. To publish, as a book.

To put in, to introduce among others; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing.

2. To insert; as, to put in a passage or clause; to put in a cion.

3. To conduct into a harbor.

To put in fear, to affright; to make fearful.

To put in mind, to remind; to call to remembrance.

To put in practice, to use; to exercise; as, to put in practice the maxims of the wise man.

To put into another's hands, to trust; to commit to the care of.

To put off, to divest; to lay aside; as, to put off a robe; to put off mortality or the mortal body; to put off haughty airs.

2. To turn aside from a purpose or demand; to defeat or delay by artifice.

I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistices hopes to put me off with a harangue.

Boyle.

This is an unreasonable demand, and we might put him off with this answer.

Bentley.

3. To delay; to defer; to postpone. How generally do men put off the care of their salvation to future opportunities!

4. To pass fallaciously; to cause to be circulated or received; as, to put off upon the world some plausible reports or ingenious theory.

5. To discard.

The clothiers all put off

The spinsters, carders, fullers, weaversÃ‚--

Shak.

6. To recommend; to vend; to obtrude.

Bacon.

7. To vend; to sell.

8. To pass into other hands; to put off a counterfeit coin or note.

9. To push from land; as, to put off the boat.

To put on or upon, to impute; to charge; as, to put one's own crime or blame on another.

2. To invest with, as clothes or covering; as, to put on a cloke.

3. To assume; as, to put on a grave countenance; to put on a counterfeit appearance.

MercuryÃ‚--put on the shape of a man.

L'Estrange.

4. To forward; to promote.

This came handsomely to put on the peace. Obs.

Bacon.

5. To impose; to inflict.

That which thou puttest on me, I will bear. 2 Kings 18.

To be put upon, to be imposed on; to be deceived; used chiefly in the passive form.

To put over, to refer; to send.

For the certain knowledge of that truth,

I put you o'er to heaven and to my mother.

Shak.

2. To defer; to postpone. The court put over the cause to the next term.

To put out, to place at interest; to lend at use. Money put out at compound interest, nearly doubles in eleven years.

2. To extinguish; as, to put out a candle, lamp or fire; to put out the remains of affection.

Addison.

3. To send; to emit; to shoot; as a bud or sprout; as, to put out leaves.

4. To extend; to reach out; to protrude; as, to put out the hand.

5. To drive out; to expel; to dismiss.

When I am put out of the stewardship. Luke 16.

6. To publish; to make public; as, to put out a pamphlet. [Now vulgar.]

7. To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking.

To put out the eyes, to destroy the power of sight; to render blind.

To put to, to add; to unite; as, to put one sum to another.

2. To refer to; to expose; as, to put the fate of the army or nation to a battle; to put the safety of the state to hazard.

3. To punish by; to distress by; as, to put a man to the rack or torture.

To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to.

O gentle lady, do not put me to 't.

Shak.

To be put to it, in the passive form, to have difficulty.

I shall be hard put to it to bring myself off.

Addison.

To put the hand to, to apply; to take hold; to being; to undertake; as, to put the hand to the plow. See Deuteronomy 12:7.

2. To take by theft or wrong; to embezzle.

Then shall an oath of the Lord be between them both, that he hath not put his hand to his neighbor's goods. Exodus 22.

To put to the sword, to kill; to slay.

Bacon.

To put to death, to kill.

To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties.

To put to trial, or on trial, to bring before a court and jury for examination and decision.

2. To bring to a test; to try.

To put together, to unite in a sum, mass or compound; to add; as, to put two sums together; put together the ingredients.

2. To unite; to connect. Put the two chains together.

3. To place in company or in one society.

To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in.

To put up, to pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; as, to put up injuries; to put up indignities.

Such national injuries are not to be put up, but when the offender is below resentment.

Addison.

[I have never heard this phrase used in America. We always say, to put up with; we cannot put up with such injuries.]

2. To send forth or shoot up, as plants; as, to put up mushrooms. Obs.

Bacon.

3. To expose; to offer publicly; as, to put up goods to sale or auction.

4. To start from a cover. Obs.

Spectator.

5. To hoard.

Himself never put up any of the rent.

Spelman.

6. To reposit for preservation; as, to put up apples for winter.

7. To pack; to reposit in casks with salt for preservation; as, to put up pork, beef or fish.

8. To hide or lay aside. Put up that letter.

Shak.

9. To put in a trunk or box; to pack; as, to put up clothing for a journey.

Pu

PU, verb intransitive To go or move; as, when the air first puts up. Obs.

Bacon.

2. To steer.

His fury thus appeas'd, he puts to land.

Dryden.

3. To shoot; to germinate.

The sap puts downward.

Bacon.

To put forth, to shoot; to bud; to germinate.

Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth.

Bacon.

2. To leave a port or haven.

Shak.

To put in, to enter a harbor; to sail into port.

2. To offer a claim. A puts in for a share of profits.

To put in for, to offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for.

Locke.

To put off, to leave land.

To put on, to urge motion; to drive vehemently.

To put over, to sail over or across.

Abbot.

To put to sea, to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean.

Dryden.

To put up, to take lodgings; to lodge. We put up at the Golden Ball.

2. To offer one's self as a candidate.

L'Estrange.

To put up to, to advance to. [Little used.]

Swift.

To put up with, to overlook or suffer without recompense, punishment or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront.

2. To take without opposition or dissatisfaction; as, to put up with bad fare.

This verb, in all its uses, retains its primary sense, to set, throw, thrust, send, &c.; but its signification is modified in a great variety of ways, by other words standing in connection with it.

Put

PUT, noun An action of distress; as a forced put.

L'Estrange.

2. A game at cards.

Put

PUT, noun [Qu. Welsh pwt, a short thick person.]

A rustic; a clown.

Put

PUT, noun [French putain; Welsh putan; Italian putta, puttano; Spanish puta.] A strumpet; a prostitute.

Put case, for put the case, suppose the case to be so; a vulgar or at least inelegant phrase.

Burton.

Putage

PU'TAGE, noun [See Put, a prostitute.] In law, prostitution or fornication on the part of a female.

Cowel.

Putanism

PU'TANISM, noun [French putanisme.] Customary lewdness or prostitution of a female.

Putative

PU'TATIVE, adjective [French putatif; Italian putativo; from Latin puto, to suppose.]

Supposed; reputed; commonly thought or deemed; as the putative father of a child.

Putid

PU'TID, adjective [Latin putidus, from puteo, to have an ill smell; Welsh pwd.] Mean; base; worthless.

L'Estrange. Taylor.

Putidness

PU'TIDNESS, noun Meanness; vileness.

Putlog

PUT'LOG, noun A short piece of timber used in scaffolds.

Moxon.

Put-Off

PUT-OFF, noun An excuse; a shift for evasion or delay.

L'Estrange.

Putredinous

PUTRED'INOUS, adjective [from Latin putredo, from putreo, putris.]

Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process; having an offensive smell.

Floyer.

Putrefaction

PUTREFAC'TION, noun [French from Latin putrefactio; putris, putrid, and facio, to make.]

A natural process by which animal and vegetable bodies are disorganized and dissolved, or reduced to their original separate elements. Putrefaction is greatly accelerated by heat and moisture.

Putrefactive

PUTREFAC'TIVE, adjective Pertaining to putrefaction; as the putrefactive smell or process.

2. Tending to promote putrefaction; causing putrefaction.

Brown.

Putrefied

PU'TREFIED, participle passive Dissolved; rotten.

Putrefy

PU'TREFY, verb transitive [F. putrefier; Latin putrefacio; putris, putrid, and facio, to make.]

1. To cause to dissolve; to disorganize and reduce to the simple constituent elements, as animal or vegetable bodies; to cause to rot. Heat and moisture soon putrefy dead flesh or vegetables.

2. To corrupt; to make foul; as, to putrefy the air. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To make morbid, carious or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or wound.

Wiseman. Temple.

Putrefy

PU'TREFY, verb intransitive To dissolve and return to the original distinct elements, as animal and vegetable substances deprived of the living principle; to rot.

Putrescence

PUTRES'CENCE, noun [from Latin putrescens, putresco.]

The state of dissolving, as an animal or vegetable substance; a putrid state.

Brown.

Putrescent

PUTRES'CENT, adjective Becoming putrid; passing from an organized state into the constituent elements.

Brown.

2. Pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as a putrescent smell.

Putrescible

PUTRES'CIBLE, adjective That may be putrefied; liable to become putrid; as putrescible substances.

Ramsay, Hist.

Putrid

PU'TRID, adjective [French putride; Latin putridus, from putris, putreo.]

1. In a state of dissolution or disorganization, as animal and vegetable bodies; corrupt; rotten; as putrid flesh.

Indicating a state of dissolution; tending to disorganize the substances composing the body; malignant; as a putrid fever.

3. Proceeding from putrefaction or pertaining to it; as a putrid scent.

Putridness

PU'TRIDNESS, or PUTRID'ITY, noun The state of being putrid; corruption.

Floyer.

Putry

PU'TRY, adjective Rotten. [Not used.]

Marston.

Putter

PUT'TER, noun [from put.] One who puts or places.

L'Estrange.

Putter-on

PUT'TER-ON, noun An inciter or instigator.

Shak.

Putting

PUT'TING, participle of the present tense [from put.] Setting; placing; laying.

Putting-Stone

PUT'TING-STONE, noun In Scotland, a stone laid at the gates of great houses for trials of strength.

Johnson. Pope.

Puttoc

PUT'TOC, noun A kite.

Spenser.

Puttoc-shrouds, probably a mistake for futtoc-shrouds.

Putty

PUT'TY, noun [Spanish Portugese potea.] A kind of paste or cement compounded of whiting and lintseed oil, beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough; used in fastening glass in sashes and in stopping crevices.

2. A powder of calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel.

Encyc.

Puzzle

PUZ'ZLE, verb transitive [from the root of pose, which see.]

1. To perplex; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to gravel.

A shrewd disputant in those points, is dexterous in puzzling others.

More.

He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.

Addison.

2. To make intricate; to entangle.

The ways of heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzl'd in mazes and perplex'd with error.

Addison.

Puzzle

PUZ'ZLE, verb intransitive To be bewildered; to be awkward.

L'Estrange.

Puzzle

PUZ'ZLE, noun Perplexity; embarrassment.

Bacon.

Puzzled

PUZ'ZLED, participle passive Perplexed; intricate; put to a stand.

Puzzle-Headed

PUZ'ZLE-HEADED, adjective Having the head full of confused notions.

Johnson.

Puzzler

PUZ'ZLER, noun One that perplexes.

Puzzling

PUZ'ZLING, participle of the present tense Perplexing; embarrassing; bewildering.

Puzzolan

PUZ'ZOLAN, or PUZZOLA'NA, noun A loose porous volcanic substance or stone.

Pycnite

PYC'NITE, noun [Qu. Greek, compact.]

A mineral, the shorlite of Kirwan, or shorlous topaz of Jameson. It usually appears in long irregular prisms or cylinders, longitudinally striated, and united in bundles.

Werner. Cleaveland.

Pycnostyle

PYC'NOSTYLE, noun [Greek, thick, and, column.]

In ancient architecture, a building where the columns stand very close to each other; only one diameter and a half of the column being allowed to each intercolumniation.

Encyc.

Pye

PYE, noun [probably a contracted word, and the same as pie, a mass.]

A confused mass; the state of printing types when the sorts are mixed.

Pye

PYE, noun A bird. [See Pie.]

Pygarg

PY'GARG, or PYG`ARGUS, noun [Greek.] A fowl of the genus Falco, the female of the hen harrier.

Ed. Encyc.

Pygmean

PYGME'AN, adjective Pertaining to a pygmy or dwarf; very small; dwarfish.

Milton.

Pygmy

PYG'MY, noun [French pygmÃƒ-©e; Italian pigmeo; Latin pygmoeus; Greek, from, the fist; as big as the fist.]

A dwarf; a person not exceeding a cubit in highth. This appellation was given by the ancients to a fabulous race of beings inhabiting Thrace, who waged war with the cranes and were destroyed.

Encyc.

Pylagore

PYL'AGORE, noun [Greek.] In ancient Greece, a delegate or representative of a city, sent to the Amphictyonic council.

Mitford.

Pyloric

PYLOR'IC, adjective Pertaining to the pylorus; as the pyloric artery.

Pylorus

PYLO'RUS, noun [Greek, from, a gate.]

The lower and right orifice of the stomach.

Coxe.

Pyracanth

PYR'ACANTH, noun [Greek, fiery thorn.]

A plant; a kind of thorn of the genus Mespilus.

Mason. Lee.

Pyrallolite

PYRAL'LOLITE, noun [Greek, fire, and; alluding to its changes of color before the blowpipe.]

A new mineral found in Finland, massive and in crystals, friable and yielding to the knife. Its color is greenish.

Cleaveland.

Pyramid

PYR'AMID, noun [French pyramide; Italian piramide; Latin pyramis; Greek. The origin and composition of this word are not ascertained. It is supposed that the Greek, fire, forms one of its component parts; but Welsh bera is a pyramid, and a stack of corn.]

A solid body standing on a triangular, square or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; or in geometry, a solid figure consisting of several triangles, whose bases are all in the same plane, and which have one common vertex.

Encyc.

The pyramids of Egypt may have been erected to the sun, during the prevalence of Sabianism.

A pyramid is formed by the meeting of three or more planes at a point termed the apex.

Phillips.

Pyramidal

PYRAM'IDAL, adjective [French pyramidale; Italian piramidale.] Pyramidical.

Pyramidical

PYRAMID'ICAL, adjective Having the form of a pyramid.

The particles of earth being cubical, those of fire, pyramidical.

Enfield on Plato.

A pyramidical rock.

Goldsmith.

Pyramidically

PYRAMID'ICALLY, adverb In the form of a pyramid.

Bacon.

Pyramidoid

PYRAM'IDOID, or PYR'AMOID, noun [pyramid and Greek, form.]

A solid figure, formed by the rotation of a semi-parabola about its base or greatest ordinate.

Pyramis

PYR'AMIS, noun [Latin] A pyramid.

Bacon.

Pyre

PYRE, noun [Latin pyra.] A funeral pile; a pile to be burnt.

Pope.

Pyrenite

PYR'ENITE, noun A mineral of a grayish black color, found in the Pyrenees, and considered as a variety of garnet. It occurs in minute rhombic dodecahedrons.

Cleaveland.

Pyretology

PYRETOL'OGY, noun [Greek, fever, from, fire, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on fevers, or the doctrine of fevers.

Hooper.

Pyrgom

PYR'GOM, noun A mineral, called also fassaite.

Pyriform

PYR'IFORM, adjective [Latin pyrum, a pear, and form.] Having the form of a pear.

Gregory.

Pyritaceous

PYRITA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to pyrite. [See Pyritic.]

Lavoisier.

Pyrite

PYR'ITE, noun plu. pyrites. [Greek, from, fire.]

Fire-stone; a genus of inflammable substances composed of sulphur and iron or other metal; a sulphuret of iron or other metal.

Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the sparkling pyrite blends.

Darwin.

[I have anglicized this word, according to Darwin and the French mineralogists; making pyrites a regular plural.]

Pyritic

PYRIT'IC, or PYRIT'ICAL, or PYR'ITOUS, adjective Pertaining to pyrite; consisting of or resembling pyrite.

Pyritiferous

PYRITIF'EROUS, adjective [pyrite and Latin fero, to produce.] Containing or producing pyrite.

Pyritize

PYR'ITIZE, verb transitive To convert into pyrite.

Ed. Encyc.

Pyritology

PYRITOL'OGY, noun [pyrite and Greek, discourse.] A discourse or treatise on pyrites.

Fourcroy.

Pyrogom

PYR'OGOM, noun A variety of diopside.

Ure.

Pyrolatry

PYROL'ATRY, noun [Greek, fire, and, worship.] The worship of fire.

Young.

Pyroligneous

PYROLIG'NEOUS, or PYROLIG'NIC, or PYROLIG'NOUS, adjective [Greek, fire, and Latin ligneus, from lignum, wood.]

Generated or procured by the distillation of wood; a term applied to the acid obtained by the distillation of wood.

Chimistry.

Pyrolignite

PYROLIG'NITE, noun [supra.] A salt formed by the combination of pyrolignous acid with another substance.

Pyrolithic

PYROLITH'IC, adjective [Greek, fire, and, stone.]

The pyrolithic acid is an acid of recent discovery. It is obtained from the silvery white plates which sublime from uric acid concretions, when distilled in a retort.

Pyrologist

PYROL'OGIST, noun [See Pyrology.] A believer in the doctrine of latent heat.

Black.

Pyrology

PYROL'OGY, noun [Greek, fire, and, discourse.]

A treatise on heat; or the natural history of heat, latent and sensible.

Mitchill.

Pyromalate

PYROM'ALATE, noun [See Pyromalic.] A compound of malic acid and a salifiable base.

Ure.

Pyromalic

PYROMA'LIC, adjective [Greek, fire, and Latin malum, an apple.]

The pyromalic acid is a substance obtained by distillation from the malic acid.

Pyromancy

PYR'OMANCY, noun [Greek, fire, and, divination.] Divination by fire.

Encyc.

Pyromantic

PYROMAN'TIC, adjective Pertaining to pyromancy.

Pyromantic

PYROMAN'TIC, noun One who pretends to divine by fire.

Herbert.

Pyrometer

PYROM'ETER, noun [Greek, fire, and, measure.]

1. An instrument for measuring the expansion of bodies by heat.

2. An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those indicated by the mercurial thermometer; as the pyrometer of Wedgewood.

Pyromucite

PYROMU'CITE, noun A combination of pyromucous acid with another substance.

Pyromucous

PYROMU'COUS, adjective [Greek, fire, and Latin mucus.]

The pyromucous acid is obtained by the distillation of sugar or other saccharine substance.

Pyrope

PYR'OPE, noun [Greek; fire, and, face.]

A mineral regarded as a variety of garnet, occurring in small masses or grains, never in crystals. Its color is a poppy or blood red, frequently with a tinge of orange.

Brochant. Cleaveland.

Pyrophane

PYR'OPHANE, noun [Greek, fire, and, clear.]

A mineral which in its natural state is opake, but rendered transparent by heat.

Kirwan.

Pyrophanous

PYROPH'ANOUS, adjective Rendered transparent by heat.

Pyrophorous

PYROPH'OROUS, adjective Pertaining to or resembling pyrophorus.

Pyrophorus

PYROPH'ORUS, noun [Greek, fire, and, bearing.]

A substance which takes fire on exposure to air, or which maintains or retains light.

Thomson.

Pyrophysalite

PYROPHYS'ALITE. [See Topaz and Physalite.]

Pyrorthite

PYROR'THITE, noun A mineral little known, resembling orthite, but very different from it, for it burns in the flame of the blowpipe like charcoal; whereas orthite melts. Pyrorthite is in black plates, thin and almost parallel.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pyroscope

PYR'OSCOPE, noun [Greek, fire, and, to view.]

An instrument for measuring the pulsatory motion of the air, or the intensity of heat radiating from a fire.

Leslie.

Pyrosmalite

PYROS'MALITE, noun A mineral of a liver brown color, or pistachio green, occurring in six sided prisms, of a lamellar structure, found in Sweden.

Phillips.

Pyrotartaric

PYROT`ARTARIC, or PYROT`ARTAROUS, adjective [Greek, fire, and tartar.]

Denoting an acid obtained by distilling pure tartrite of potash.

Pyrotartrite

PYROT`ARTRITE, noun A salt formed by the combination of pyrotartarous acid with another substance.

Hooper.

Pyrotechnic

PYROTECH'NIC, or PYROTECH'NICAL, adjective [Greek, fire, and, art.]

Pertaining to fire works or the art of forming them.

Pyrotechnics

PYROTECH'NICS, or PYR'OTECHNY, noun [supra.] The art of making fire works; or the science which teaches the management and application of fire in its various operations, in gunnery, rockets, &c.

Pyrotechnist

PYROTECH'NIST, noun One skilled in pyrotechny.

Stevens.

Pyrotic

PYROT'IC, adjective [Greek, to burn.] Caustic. [See Caustic.]

Pyrotic

PYROT'IC, noun A caustic medicine.

Pyroxene

PYR'OXENE, noun [Greek, fire, and, a stranger; a guest in fire, unaltered.]

Augite.

Ure.

A species of minerals of the class of stones, which has been named volcanic shorl; but it is a family which comprehends many substances of different appearances. It is almost always crystalized, but in complicated forms.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Pyroxenic

PYROXEN'IC, adjective Pertaining to pyroxene, or partaking of its qualities.

Humboldt.

Pyrrhic

PYR'RHIC, noun [Latin pyrrhichius; Greek, from, a nimble dance.]

1. In poetry, a foot consisting of two short syllables.

2. An ancient military dance.

Pyrrhonic

PYRRHON'IC, adjective Pertaining to Pyrrhonism.

Pyrrhonism

PYR'RHONISM, noun [from Pyrrho, the founder of the sceptics.] Scepticism; universal doubt.

Pyrrhonist

PYR'RHONIST, noun A sceptic; one who doubts of every thing.

Pythagorean

PYTHAGO'REAN, noun A follower of Pythagoras, the founder of the Italic sect of philosophers.

Pythagorean

PYTHAGO'REAN, or PYTHAGOR'IC, or PYTHAGOR'ICAL, adjective Belonging to the philosophy of Pythagoras.

Pythagorism

PYTHAG'ORISM, noun The doctrines of Pythagoras.

More.

Pythian

PYTH'IAN, adjective [from Pythia, the priestess of Apollo.]

Pertaining to the priestess of Apollo, who delivered oracles.

Pythoness

PYTH'ONESS, noun [from Latin Pytho, Greek, a dragon or serpent.]

A sort of witch; also, the female or priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi, in Greece.

Mitford.

Pythonic

PYTHON'IC, adjective Pretending to foretell future events.

Pythonist

PYTH'ONIST, noun A conjurer.

Pyx

PYX, noun [Latin pyxis; Greek.] The box in which the catholics keep the host.

Cranmer.

Q

Q

Q is the seventeenth letter of the English Alphabet; an articulation borrowed from the oriental koph or qoph, Chaldee and Hebrew, Samaritan, Syriac, Arabic Kaf.

It is supposed to be an articulation more deeply guttural than that of K; indeed it might have been pronounced as we pronounce qu; for we observe that in the Latin language, from which the moderns have borrowed the letter, it is always followed by u, as it is in English. This letter is not in the Greek alphabet. In our mother tongue, the Anglo Saxon, this letter is not used; but in the place of qu, cu, or more generally, cw is used; as in cwic, quick; cwen, queen. This letter is superfluous; for ku or koo, in English, have precisely the same sounds as qu. It is alledged that in expressing q, the cheeks are contracted, and the lips put into a canular form, for the passage of the breath; circumstances which distinguish it from k. This appears to be a mistake. This position of the organs is entirely owing to the following letter u; and kuestion and question are pronounced precisely alike, and with the same configuration of the organs. For qu in English, the Dutch use kw, the Germans qu, the Swedes and the Danes qv, which answer to our kw. The Gothic has a character which answers to qu. It appears then that q is precisely k, with this difference in use, that q is always followed by u in English, and k is not. Q never ends an English word. Its name cue, is said to be from the French queue, a tail.

As a numeral, Q stands for 500, and with a dash, Q, for 500,000.

Used as an abbreviation, Q. stands for quantity, or quantum; as among physicians, q. pl. quantum placet, as much as you please; q. s. quantum sufficit, as much as is required, or as is sufficient.

Among mathematicians, Q. E. Dutch stands for quod erat demonstrandum, which was to be demonstrated; Q. E. F. quod erat faciendum, which was to be done.

In the notes of the ancients, Q. stands for Quintus, or Quintius; Quint. for Quintilius; and Quoes. for quoestor.

In English, Q. is an abbreviation for question.

Quab

QUAB, noun [German quappe; Dutch kwab; Danish qvabbe.]

A fish of Russian rivers, which delights in clear water.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Quachilto

QUACHIL'TO, noun A Brazilian fowl of the moor-hen kind, of a fine black color variegated with white. Its voice resembles the crowing of a cock.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Quack

QUACK, verb intransitive [Dutch kwaaken, German quaken, Danish qvakker, to croak.]

1. To cry like a duck or goose.

King.

2. To boast; to bounce; to talk noisily and ostentatiously; as, pretenders to medical skill quack of their cures.

Hudibras.

Quack

QUACK, noun [from the verb.] A boaster; one who pretends to skill or knowledge which he does not possess.

Felton.

2. A boastful pretender to medical skill which he does not possess; an empiric; an ignorant practitioner.

Addison.

Quackery

QUACK'ERY, noun The boastful pretensions or mean practice of an ignoramus, particularly in medicine; empiricism.

Quackish

QUACK'ISH, adjective Like a quack; boasting of skill not possessed; trickish.

Burke.

Quackism

QUACK'ISM, noun The practice of quackery.

Ash.

Quackled

QUACK'LED, or QUACK'ENED, adjective Almost choked or suffocated.

Quacksalver

QUACK'SALVER, noun [Swedish qvacksalfvare; quack and salve.]

One who boasts of his skill in medicines and salves, or of the efficacy of his prescriptions; a charlatan.

Brown. Burton.

Quad

QUAD, adjective [Dutch kwaad.] Evil; bad. [Not used.]

Gower.

Quadragene

QUAD'RAGENE, noun [Latin quadrageni.] A papal indulgence multiplying remissions by forties.

Taylor.

Quadragesima

QUADRAGES'IMA, noun [Latin qvadragesimus, fortieth, from quatuor, four.]

Lent; so called because it consists of forty days.

Encyc.

Quadragesimal

QUADRAGES'IMAL, adjective [supra.] Belonging to Lent; used in Lent.

Sanderson.

Quadragesimals

QUADRAGES'IMALS, n. plu. [supra.] Offerings formerly made to the mother church on mid-lent Sunday.

Quadrangle

QUAD'RANGLE, noun [Latin quadratus, square, from quatuor, four, and angulus, angle.]

In geometry, a quadrilateral figure; a square; a figure consisting of four sides and four angles.

Encyc.

Quadrangular

QUADRAN'GULAR, adjective [supra.] Square; having four sides and four angles.

Woodward.

2. In botany, having four prominent angles, as a stem or leaf.

Martyn.

Quadrant

QUAD'RANT, noun [Latin quadrans, a fourth.]

1. The fourth part; the quarter.

Brown.

2. In geometry, the quarter of a circle; the arc of a circle containing ninety degrees; also, the space or area included between this arc and two radii drawn from the center to each extremity.

Encyc.

3. An instrument for taking the altitudes of the sun or stars, of great use in astronomy and navigation. Quadrants are variously made, but they all consist of the quarter of a circle whose limb is divided into ninety degrees; or, as in Hadley's reflecting quadrant, an arc of forty five degrees is made to serve the same purpose as an arc of ninety degrees.

Quadrant of altitude, an appendage of the artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass of the length of a quadrant of one of the great circles of the globe, and graduated. It is filled to the meridian and movable round to all points of the horizon. It serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, azimuths, &c.

Encyc.

Quadrantal

QUADRANT'AL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to a quadrant; also, included in the fourth part of a circle; as quadrantal space.

Derham.

Quadrantal

QUADRANT'AL, noun [supra.] A vessel used by the Romans; originally called amphora. It was square and contained 80 pounds of water.

Encyc.

Quadrat

QUAD'RAT, noun [Latin quadratus, squared.]

1. In printing, a piece of metal used to fill the void spaces between words, &c. Quadrats are of different sizes; as m-quadrats, &c.

2. A mathematical instrument, called also a geometrical square, and line of shadows.

Encyc.

Quadrate

QUAD'RATE, adjective Square; having four equal and parallel sides.

2. Divisible into four equal parts.

Brown.

3. Square; equal; exact.

Howell.

4. Suited; fitted; applicable; correspondent.

Harvey.

Quadrate

QUAD'RATE, noun A square; a surface with four equal and parallel sides.

Wotton. Milton.

2. In astrology, an aspect of the heavenly bodies, in which they are distant from each other ninety degrees, or the quarter of a circle; the same as quartile.

Dict.

Quadrate

QUAD'RATE, verb intransitive [Latin quadro; French quadrer, cadrer.]

To suit; to correspond; to agree with; to be accommodated; followed by with.

Aristotle's rules for epic poetryÃ‚--cannot be supposed to quadrate exactly with modern heroic poems.

Addison.

Quadratic

QUADRAT'IC, adjective Square; denoting a square or pertaining to it.

Quadratic equation, in algebra, an equation in which the unknown quantity is of two dimensions, or raised to the second power; or one in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a square.

Encyc. Bailey.

Quadratrix

QUAD'RATRIX, noun A square or squared figure.

Bailey.

2. In geometry, a mechanical line by means of which we can find right lines equal to the circumference of circles or other curves and their several parts.

Encyc.

Quadrature

QUAD'RATURE, noun [Latin quadratura.] The act of squaring; the reducing of a figure to a square. Thus the finding of a square which shall contain just as much area as a circle or a triangle, is the quadrature of that circle or triangle.

Encyc.

2. A quadrate; a square.

Milton.

3. In astronomy, the aspect of the moon when distant from the sun 90 degrees or a quarter of the circle; or when the moon is at an equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition.

Quadrature of curves, in mathematics, the finding of rectilineal figures containing the same areas as figures bounded by curved lines.

Dutch Olmsted.

Quadrel

QUAD'REL, noun [Italian quadrello.] In architecture, a kind of artificial stone made of chalky earth and dried in the shade for two years; so called from being square.

Encyc.

Quadrennial

QUADREN'NIAL, adjective [Latin quadriennium; quadra or quadrans, from quatuor, four, and annus, year.]

1. Comprising four years; as a quadrennial period.

2. Occurring once in four years; as quadrennial games.

Quadrennially

QUADREN'NIALLY, adverb Once in four years.

Quadrible

QUAD'RIBLE, adjective [Latin quadro, to square.] That may be squared.

Derham.

Quadricapsular

QUADRICAP'SULAR, adjective [Latin quadra and capsula.]

In botany, having four capsules to a flower; as a quadricapsular pericarp.

Martyn.

Quadridecimal

QUADRIDEC'IMAL, adjective [Latin quadra and decem.]

In crystalography, designating a crystal whose prism or the middle part has four faces and two summits, containing together ten faces.

Quadridentate

QUADRIDEN'TATE, adjective [Latin quadra and dentatus, toothed.]

In botany, having four teeth on the edge.

Martyn.

Quadrifid

QUAD'RIFID, adjective [Latin quadrifidus; quadra and findo, to divide.]

In botany, four-cleft, as a quadrifid perianth; cut into four segments, with linear sinuses and straight margins, as a quadrifid leaf.

Martyn.

Quadrijugous

QUADRIJU'GOUS, adjective [Latin quadra and jugum, yoke.]

In botany, pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; as a quadrijugous leaf.

Quadrilateral

QUADRILAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin quadra, or quatuor, four, and latus, side.] Having four sides and four angles.

Quadrilateral

QUADRILAT'ERAL, noun A figure having four sides and four angles; a quadrangular figure.

Encyc.

Quadrilateralness

QUADRILAT'ERALNESS, noun The property of having four right lined sides, forming as many right angles.

Dict.

Quadriliteral

QUADRILIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin quadra, or quatuor, four, and litera, letter.]

Consisting of four letters.

Parkhurst. Asiat. Res.

Quadrille

QUADRILLE, n. quadril', or cadril'. [French]

1. A game played by four persons with 40 cards, being the remainder of the pack after the four tens, nines and eights are discarded.

Encyc.

2. A kind of dance.

Quadrilobate

QUAD'RILOBATE, or QUAD'RILOBED, adjective [Latin quadra, or quatuor, four, and lobe, Greek.]

In botany, having four lobes; as a quadrilobed leaf.

Martyn.

Quadrilocular

QUADRILOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin quadra, quatuor, and loculus, a cell.]

Having four cells; four-celled; as a quadrilocular pericarp.

Martyn.

Quadrin

QUAD'RIN, noun [Latin quadrinus.] A mite; a small piece of money, in value about a farthing. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Quadrinomial

QUADRINO'MIAL, adjective [Latin quadra, quatuor, and nomen, name.]

Consisting of four denominations or terms.

Dict.

Quadripartite

QUADRIP'ARTITE, adjective [Latin quadra, quatuor, and partitus, divided.]

Divided into four parts, or consisting of four corresponding parts.

Quadripartitely

QUADRIP'ARTITELY, adverb In four divisions; in a quadripartite distribution.

Quadripartition

QUADRIPARTI'TION, noun A division by four or into four parts; or the taking the fourth part of any quantity or number.

Dict.

Quadriphyllous

QUADRIPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Latin quadra, quatuor, four, and Greek, leaf.] Having four leaves.

Quadrireme

QUAD'RIREME, noun [Latin quadriremis; quatuor, four, and remus, oar.]

A galley with four benches of oars or rowers.

Mitford.

Quadrisyllable

QUADRISYL'LABLE, noun [Latin quadra, quatuor, and syllable.] A word consisting of four syllables.

Quadrivalve

QUAD'RIVALVE, or QUADRIVALV'ULAR, adjective In botany, having four valves; four-valved; as a quadrivalve pericarp.

Martyn.

Quadrivalves

QUAD'RIVALVES, n. plu. [Latin quadra, quatuor, and valva, valve.] A door with four folds or leaves.

Quadrivial

QUADRIV'IAL, adjective [Latin quadrivium; quatuor, four, and via, way.] Having four ways meeting in a point.

Quadroon

QUADROON', noun [Latin quadra, quatuor.] In Spanish America, the offspring of a mulatto woman by a white man; a person quarter-blooded.

Clavigero.

Quadruman

QUAD'RUMAN, noun [Latin quadra and manus, hand.]

An animal having four hands or limbs that correspond to the hands of a man, as a monkey.

Lawrence, Lect.

Quadrumanous

QUAD'RUMANOUS, adjective Having four hands; four-handed.

Lawrence, Lect.

Quadrune

QUAD'RUNE, noun A gritstone with a calcarious cement.

Quadruped

QUAD'RUPED, adjective [Latin quadrupes; quadra, quatuor, four, and pes, foot.] Having four legs and feet.

Quadruped

QUAD'RUPED, noun An animal having four legs and feet, as a horse, an ox, a lion, &c.

Quadruple

QUAD'RUPLE, adjective [Latin quadruplus; quadra, quatuor, and plico, to fold.]

Fourfold; four times told; as, to make quadruple restitution for trespass or theft.

Quadruple

QUAD'RUPLE, noun Four times the sum or number; as, to receive quadruple the amount in damages or profits.

Quadruplicate

QUADRU'PLICATE, adjective Fourfold; four times repeated; as a quadruplicate ratio or proportion.

Quadruplicate

QUADRU'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin quadruplico; quatuor and plico, to fold.] To make four-fold; to double twice.

Quadruplication

QUADRUPLICA'TION, noun The act of making fourfold and taking four times the simple sum or amount.

Quadruply

QUAD'RUPLY, adverb To a fourfold quantity; as, to be quadruply recompensed.

Swift.

Quaere

QUAERE, [Latin] inquire; better written query, which see.

Quaestor

QUAESTOR. [See Questor.]

Quaff

QU`AFF, verb transitive [French coiffer, to cap or hood; se coiffer, to fuddle, or be fuddled, from coiffe, a hood. But qu. In the Ethiopic, quaf or kwof, is to draw, to draw out. Ludolf, 407. In Arabic, is to drink largely, or to devour, as food.] To drink; to swallow in large draughts.

He quaffs the muscadel.

Shak.

They in communion sweet

Quaff immortality and joy.

Milton.

Quaff

QU`AFF, verb intransitive To drink largely or luxuriously.

South. Dryden.

Quaffed

QU`AFFED, participle passive Drank; swallowed in large draughts.

Quaffer

QU`AFFER, noun One that quaffs or drinks largely.

Quaffer

QU`AFFER, verb transitive To feel out. [Not in use.]

Derham.

Quaffing

QU`AFFING, participle of the present tense Drinking; swallowing draughts.

Quaggy

QUAG'GY, adjective [supposed to be from the root of quake.]

Yielding to the feet or trembling under the foot, as soft wet earth.

Quagmire

QUAG'MIRE, noun [that is, quake-mire.] Soft wet land, which has a surface firm enough to bear a person, but which shakes or yields under the feet.

Tusser. Shak. More.

Quahaug

QUAHAUG, n. quaw'hog. In New England, the popular name of a large species of clams or bivalvular shells.

[This name is probably derived from the natives.]

Quaid

QUAID, adjective or participle passive [for quailed.] Crushed, subdued, or depressed. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Quail

QUAIL, verb intransitive [Quail, in English, signifies to sink or languish, to curdle, and to crush or quell. The Italian has quagliare, to curdle, and the Saxon cwellan, to quell, and the Dutch kwaal is disease. If these are of one family, the primary sense is to shrink, to withdraw, and transitively, to beat down. In Welsh cwl signifies a flagging or drooping; cwla, faint, languid.]

1. To sink into dejection; to languish; to fail in spirits. [Little used.]

Shak. Knolles.

2. To fade; to wither. Obs.

Hakewill.

Quail

QUAIL, verb intransitive [French cailler; Spanish cuajar; Portugese coalhar; Italian quagliare, to curdle; Welsh caul, a calf's maw, rennet, chyle, a curd; ceulaw, to curdle. The sense is to contract.] To curdle; to coagulate; as milk.

Bailey.

Quail

QUAIL, verb transitive [Saxon cwellan.] To crush; to depress; to sink; to subdue. [This orthography is obsolete. The word is now written quell.]

Spenser.

Quail

QUAIL, noun [Italian quaglia; French caille; Armoric coaill.]

A bird of the genus Tetrao or grous kind, or according to Latham's arrangement, of the genus Perdix, in which he comprehends the partridge and quail. In New England, the name is applied to a peculiar species of the perdix, which is called partridge in the middle states, but it is neither the partridge nor quail of Europe.

Quailing

QUA'ILING, participle of the present tense Failing; languishing. Obs.

Quailing

QUA'ILING, noun The act of failing in spirit or resolution; decay. Obs.

Shak.

Quail-Pipe

QUA'IL-PIPE, noun A pipe or call for alluring quails into a net; a kind of lethern purse in the shape of a pear, partly filled with horse hair, with a whistle at the end.

Encyc.

Quaint

QUAINT, adjective [Old French coint, Armoric coent, coant, pretty. In Norman French, coint is familiar, affable, and accoinet, is very necessary or familiar. The latter word would lead us to refer quaint to the Latin accinctus, ready, but Skinner thinks it more probably from comptus, neat, well dressed.]

1. Nice; scrupulously and superfluously exact; having petty elegance; as a quaint phrase; a quaint fashion.

Sidney. Shak.

To show how quaint an orator you are.

Shak.

2. Subtil; artful. Obs.

Chaucer.

3. Fine-spun; artfully framed.

Shak. Milton.

4. Affected; as quaint fopperies.

Swift.

5. In common use, odd; fanciful; singular; and so used by Chaucer.

Quaintly

QUA'INTLY, adverb Nicely; exactly; with petty neatness or spruceness; as hair more quaintly curled.

B. Jonson.

2. Artfully.

Breathe his faults so quaintly.

Shak.

3. Ingeniously; with dexterity.

I quaintly stole a kiss.

Gay.

Quaintness

QUA'INTNESS, noun Niceness; petty neatness or elegance.

There is a majesty in simplicity, which is far above the quaintness of wit.

Pope.

2. Oddness; peculiarity.

Quake

QUAKE, verb intransitive [Saxon cwacian; German quackeln; Ethiopic hwyk, to shake, to agitate.]

1. To shake; to tremble; to be agitated with quick but short motions continually repeated; to shudder. Thus we say, a person quakes with fear or terror, or with cold. Hebrews 12.

2. To shake with violent convulsions, as well as with trembling; as, the earth quakes; the mountains quake. Nehemiah 1.

3. To shake, tremble or move, as the earth under the feet; as the quaking mud.

Pope.

Quake

QUAKE, verb transitive To frighten; to throw into agitation. [Not used.]

Shak.

Quake

QUAKE, noun A shake; a trembling; a shudder; a tremulous agitation.

Suckling.

Quaker

QUA'KER, noun One that quakes; but usually, one of the religious sect called friends. This name, quakers, is said to have been given to the sect in reproach, on account of some agitations which distinguished them; but it is no longer appropriated to them by way of reproach.

Quakerism

QUA'KERISM, noun The peculiar manners, tenets or worship of the quakers.

Milner. Boswell.

Quakerly

QUA'KERLY, adjective Resembling quakers.

Goodman.

Quakery

QUA'KERY, noun Quakerism.

Quaking

QUA'KING, participle of the present tense Shaking; trembling.

Quaking

QUA'KING, noun A shaking; tremulous agitation; trepidation. Danish x.

Quaking-Grass

QUA'KING-GRASS, noun An herb.

Ainsworth.

Qualifiable

QUAL'IFIABLE, adjective [from qualify.] That may be qualified; that may be abated or modified.

Barrow.

Qualification

QUALIFICA'TION, noun [French See Qualify.]

1. Any natural endowment or any acquirement which fits a person for a place, office or employment, or enables him to sustain any character with success. Integrity and talents should be considered as indispensable qualifications for men entrusted with public affairs; but private interest and party-spirit will often dispense with these and all other qualifications.

There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive.

Burke.

2. Legal power or requisite; as the qualifications of electors.

3. Abatement; diminution.

Raleigh.

4. Modification; restriction; limitation. Words or expressions may be used in a general sense, without any qualification.

Qualified

QUAL'IFIED, participle passive Fitted by accomplishments or endowments; modified.

Qualified fee, in law, a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification annexed to it, and which ceases with the qualification, as a grant to A and his heirs, tenants of the manor of Dale.

Qualified negative, in legislation, the power of negativing bills which have passed the two houses of the legislature; a power vested in the president, governor or other officer, but subject to be overruled and defeated by a subsequent vote of the two houses, passed in conformity with the provisions of the constitution.

U. States. Welsh Smith.

Qualified property, is that which depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed.

Qualifiedness

QUAL'IFIEDNESS, noun The state of being qualified or fitted.

Qualifier

QUAL'IFIER, noun He or that which qualifies; that which modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains.

Junius.

Qualify

QUAL'IFY, verb transitive [French qualifier; Italian qualificare; Spanish calificar; Latin qualis, such, and facio, to make.]

1. To fit for any place, office, occupation or character; to furnish with the knowledge, skill or other accomplishment necessary for a purpose; as, to qualify a man for a judge, for a minister of state or of the gospel, for a general or admiral. Holiness alone can qualify men for the society of holy beings.

2. To make capable of any employment or privilege; to furnish with legal power or capacity; as, in England, to qualify a man to kill game.

3. To abate; to soften; to diminish; as, to qualify the rigor of a statute.

I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire,

But qualify the fire's extreme rage.

Shak.

4. To ease; to assuage.

Spenser.

5. To modify; to restrain; to limit by exceptions; as, to qualify words or expressions, or to qualify the sense of words or phrases.

6. To modify; to regulate; to vary; as, to qualify sounds.

Qualifying

QUAL'IFYING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with the necessary qualities, properties or accomplishments for a place, station or business; furnishing with legal power; abating; tempering; modifying; restraining.

Quality

QUAL'ITY, noun [Latin qualitas, from qualis, such; French qualitÃƒ-©; Spanish calidad; Italian qualitÃƒ- ; Irish cail.]

1. Property; that which belongs to a body or substance, or can be predicated of it. Qualities are natural or accidental. Thus whiteness is a natural quality of snow; softness is a natural quality of wool and fur; hardness is a natural quality of metals and wood; figure and dimension are the natural qualities of solids; but a particular figure, as a cube, a square or a sphere, is an accidental or adventitious quality. The fluidity of metals is an accidental quality. Essential qualities are such as are necessary to constitute a thing what it is. Sensible qualities are such as are perceptible to the senses, as the light of the sun, the color of cloth, the taste of salt or sugar, &c.

2. Nature, relatively considered; as the quality of an action, in regard to right and wrong.

Other creatures have not judgment to examine the quality of that which is done by them.

Hooker.

3. Virtue or particular power of producing certain effects; as the qualities of plants or medicines.

4. Disposition; temper.

To-night we'll wander through the streets, and note

The qualities of people.

Shak.

5. Virtue or vice; as good qualities, or bad qualities.

Dryden.

6. Acquirement; accomplishment; as the qualities of horsemanship, dancing and fencing.

Clarendon.

7. Character.

The attorney partakes of both qualities, that of a judge of the court, and that of attorney general.

Bacon.

8. Comparative rank; condition in relation to others; as people of every quality.

We obtained acquaintance with many citizens, not of the meanest quality.

Bacon.

9. Superior rank; superiority of birth or station; as persons of quality; ladies of quality.

10. Persons of high rank, collectively.

I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my fethers, that the quality may see how pretty they will look in their traveling habits.

Addison.

Qualm

QU`ALM, n. quÃƒ- m. [Dutch kwaal, disease; kwaalyk, sick; German quÃƒ-¤len, to pain or vex. In German qualm is steam, vapor, exhalation; Dutch kwalm, id. The Danish qvalm signifies vapor, steam, fume, exhalation; qvalmer, to ramble; det giver qvalme, it rises in the stomach. The latter is the English word.]

1. A rising in the stomach, as it is commonly called; a fit of nausea, or a disposition or effort of the stomach to eject its contents.

2. A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the stomach; a sensation of nausea; as qualms of heart-sickagony.

Milton.

For who, without a qualm, hath ever look'd

On holy garbage, though by Homer cook'd?

Roscommon.

3. A scruple of conscience, or uneasiness of conscience.

Qualmish

QU`ALMISH, a. quÃƒ- mish. [supra.] Sick at the stomach; inclined to vomit; affected with nausea or sickly languor.

Dryden.

Qualmishness

QU`ALMISHNESS, noun Nausea.

Quamoclit

QUAM'OCLIT, noun A plant of the genus Ipomoea.

Fam. of Plants.

Quandary

QUAN'DARY, noun Doubt; uncertainty; a state of difficulty or perplexity.

Quandary

QUAN'DARY, verb transitive To bring into a state of uncertainty or difficulty. [Not used.]

Otway.

Quantitative

QUAN'TITATIVE, adjective [See Quantity.] Estimable according to quantity.

Taylor.

Quantitive

QUAN'TITIVE, adjective [See Quantity.] Estimable according to quantity.

Digby.

Quantity

QUAN'TITY, noun [French quantitÃƒ-©; Italian quantitÃƒ- ; Spanish cantitad; from Latin quantitas, from quantus, how much, or as much as; Pers. chand, how much; chandi, quantity.]

1. That property of any thing which may be increased or diminished.

Cheyne. Johnson.

This definition is defective, and as applicable to many other properties as to quantity. A definition strictly philosophical cannot be given. In common usage, quantity is a mass or collection of matter of indeterminate dimensions, but consisting of particles which cannot be distinguished, or which are not customarily distinguished, or which are considered in the aggregate. Thus we say, a quantity of earth, a quantity of water, a quantity of air, of light, of heat, of iron, of wood, of timber, of corn, of paper. But we do not say, a quantity of men, or of horses, or of houses; for as these are considered as separate individuals or beings, we call an assemblage of them, a number or multitude.

2. An indefinite extent of space.

3. A portion or part.

If I were sawed into quantities. [Not in use.]

Shak.

4. A large portion; as a medicine taken in quantities, that is, in large quantities.

Arbuthnot.

5. In mathematics, any thing which can be multiplied, divided or measured.

Day.

Thus mathematics is called the science of quantity. In algebra, quantities are known and unknown. Known quantities are usually represented by the first letters of the alphabet, as a, b, c, and unknown quantities are expressed by the last letters, x, y, z, &c. Letters thus used to represent quantities are themselves called quantities. A simple quantity is expressed by one term, as + a, orÃ‚--abc; a compound is expressed by more terms than one, connected by the signs, + plus, orÃ‚--minus, as a+b, or aÃ‚--b+c. Quantities which have the sign + prefixed, are called positive or affirmative; those which have the signÃ‚--prefixed are called negative.

Day's Algebra.

6. In grammar, the measure of a syllable; that which determines the time in which it is pronounced.

Holder. Encyc.

7. In logic, a category, universal, or predicament; a general conception.

Bailey. Encyc.

8. In music, the relative duration of a note or syllable.

Busby.

Quantity of matter, in a body, is the measure arising from the joint consideration of its magnitude and density.

Bailey.

Quantity of motion, in a body, is the measure arising from the joint consideration of its quantity of matter and its velocity.

Bailey.

Quantum

QUAN'TUM, noun [Latin] The quantity; the amount.

Quantum meruit, in law, an action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the plaintif for his service as much as he should deserve.

Quantum valebat, an action to recover of the defendant for goods sold, as much as they were worth.

Blackstone.

Quarantine

QUAR'ANTINE, noun [Italian quarantina, forty; Spanish quarentena; French quarantaine; from the root of Latin quartus, fourth, French carreau, a square, carrer, to square, Armoric carrea, to square, Welsh cwar, square, quart. See Quart and Square.]

1. Properly, the space of forty days; appropriately, the term of forty days during which a ship arriving in port and suspected of being infected with a malignant, contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the city or place. Hence,

2. Restraint of intercourse to which a ship is subjected on the presumption that she may be infected, either for forty days or for any other limited term. It is customary for the proper officers to determine the period of restraint at their discretion, according to circumstances. Hence we hear of a quarantine of five days, of ten, of thirty, &c. as well as of forty. We say, a ship performs quarantine, or rides at quarantine. We also apply the word to persons. The passengers and crew perform quarantine.

3. In law, the period of forty days, during which the widow of a man dying seized of land, has the privilege of remaining in the mansion house.

Quarantine

QUARANTINE, verb transitive To prohibit from intercourse with a city or its inhabitants; to compel to remain at a distance from shore for forty days, or for other limited period, on account of real or supposed infection; applied to ships, or to persons and goods.

Quarantined

QUARANTINED, participle passive Restrained from communication with the shore for a limited period; as a ship or its crew and passengers.

Quarantining

QUARANTINING, participle of the present tense Prohibiting from intercourse with the port; as a ship or its crew and passengers.

Quarre

QUARRE, for quarry, not in use.

Quarrel

QUAR'REL, noun [Welsh cweryl; French querelle; Latin Italian querela; Spanish querella or queja; Armoric qarell; Latin queror, to complain, that is, to cry out with a loud voice. Hence we see the primary sense is the same as brawl. The Latin queror coincides in elements with the Irish gairim, to call, to bawl, to shout, and gearan, a complaint; Saxon ceorian, to complain or murmur; German girren and kirren; Dutch kirren and korren; Danish kerrer. The latter signifies to complain, to expostulate, and kerrer sig efter, to care, or take heed of, a sense which would unite the word with the Latin curo, cura; and in Saxon,

cearig signifies complaining, and careful, solicitous; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic. Class Greek No. 49. and see No. 1. 2. 14. 15. 19. 23.]

1. A brawl; a petty fight or scuffle; from its noise and uproar.

Shak.

2. A dispute; a contest.

On open seas their quarrels they debate.

Dryden.

3. A breach of friendship or concord; open variance between parties.

Hammond.

4. Cause of dispute.

The king's quarrel is honorable.

Shak.

5. Something that gives a right to mischief, reprisal or action.

He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him. [Not used.]

Holingshed.

6. Objection; ill will, or reason to complain; ground of objection or dispute.

Herodias had a quarrel against him. Mark 6.

7. Something peevish, malicious, or disposed to make trouble. [Not used.]

Shak.

Quarrel

QUAR'REL, noun [Welsh Ãƒ-§warel, a dart or javelin, a kernel; Ãƒ-§warelu, to dart, to kern, to curdle; from Ãƒ-§war, a quick rise, a puff; French carreau, a bolt. The primary sense is to shoot, throw or drive.]

1. An arrow with a square head. [Not used unless in poetry.]

Camden.

2. A pane of glass; a square. [See Quarry and Square.]

Quarrel

QUAR'REL, verb intransitive [French quereller. See the Noun.]

1. To dispute violently or with loud and angry words; to wrangle; to scold. How odious to see husband and wife quarrel!

2. To fight; to scuffle; to contend; to squabble; used of two persons or of a small number. It is never used of armies and navies in combat. Children and servants often quarrel about trifles. Tavern-haunters sometimes quarrel over their cups.

3. To fall into variance.

Our people quarrel with obedience.

Shak.

4. To find fault; to cavil.

I will not quarrel with a slight mistake.

Roscommon.

Men at enmity with their God, quarreling with his attributesÃ‚--quarreling with the being that made them, and who is constantly doing them good.

Eliph. Steele.

5. To disagree; to be at variance; not to be in accordance in form or essence.

Some things arise of strange and quarr'ling kind,

The forepart lion, and a snake behind.

Cowley.

Quarrel

QUAR'REL, verb transitive To quarrel with.

B. Jonson.

2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a man out of his estate or rights.

Quarreler

QUAR'RELER, noun One who quarrels, wrangles or fights.

Quarreling

QUAR'RELING, participle of the present tense Disputing with vehemence or loud angry words; scolding; wrangling; fighting; finding fault; disagreeing.

Quarreling

QUAR'RELING, noun [supra.] Contention; dispute in angry words; breach of concord; a caviling or finding fault; disagreement.

Quarrelous

QUAR'RELOUS, adjective Apt or disposed to quarrel; petulant; easily provoked to enmity or contention. [Little used.]

Shak.

Quarrelsome

QUAR'RELSOME, adjective Apt to quarrel; given to brawls and contention; inclined to petty fighting; easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible; choleric; petulant.

Bacon.

Quarrelsomely

QUAR'RELSOMELY, adverb In a quarrel-some manner; with a quarrelsome temper; petulantly.

Hall.

Quarrelsomeness

QUAR'RELSOMENESS, noun Disposition to engage in contention and brawls; petulance.

Quarried

QUAR'RIED, participle passive Dug from a pit or cavern.

Quarry

QUAR'RY, noun [French carrÃƒ-©, for quarrÃƒ-©; Armoric id. See Quarantine.]

1. A square; as a quarry of glass. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

2. An arrow with a square head. [See Quarrel.] [Not in use.]

Fairfax.

3. In falconry, the game which a hawk is pursuing or has killed. [Perhaps from Latin quoero, French querir, to seek.]

4. Among hunters, a part of the entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds.

Encyc.

Quarry

QUAR'RY, noun [French carriere, formerly Norm. quarrier. I know not whether the original sense of this word was a pit or mine, from digging, or whether the sense was a place for squaring stone. The French carriere signifies not only a quarry, but a career, course, race, from the Latin curro, which cannot be from squaring. If the sense was a pit, it may be referred to the Hebrew Chaldee Ethiopic, to dig; Arabic to dig, to run violently, to leap. If the sense is from squaring, see Square. See Class Greek No. 35. 36. 52. 57. 63.]

1. A place, cavern or pit where stones are dug from the earth, or separated from a large mass of rocks. We generally apply the word mine to the pit from which are taken metals and coal; from quarries are taken stones for building, as marble, free-stone, slate, &c.

2. In Paris, the quarries are a vast cavern under the city, several miles in extent.

Quarry

QUAR'RY, verb intransitive To prey upon, as a vulture or harpy. [A low word and not much used.]

L'Estrange.

Quarry

QUAR'RY, verb transitive To dig or take from a quarry; as, to quarry marble.

Quarrying

QUAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Digging stones from a quarry.

Quarryman

QUAR'RYMAN, noun A man who is occupied in quarrying stones.

Quart

QUART, n. quort. [Italian quarta; French quarte, from quart, a fourth, Latin quartus; Dutch kwart; German quart; from Welsh cwar, the root of square, or from the root of German, to fit or suit, to square. We see in the Amharic, the ancient dialect of the Ethiopic, art is four, and arten is fourth, Latin quartus. Ludolf, Amh. 57. This with the Celtic pronunciation, as guerre for war, becomes quart.]

1. The fourth part; a quarter. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. The fourth part of a gallon; two pints.

3. A vessel containing the fourth of a gallon.

4. A sequence four cards in the game of picket.

Quartan

QUARTAN, adjective quort'an. [Latin quartanus, the fourth.]

Designating the fourth; occurring every fourth day; as a quartan ague or fever.

Quartan

QUART'AN, noun An intermitting ague that occurs every fourth day, or with intermissions of seventy two hours.

2. A measure containing the fourth part of some other measure.

Quartation

QUARTA'TION, noun In chimistry and metallurgy, the operation by which the quantity of one thing is made equal to the fourth part of another thing.

Encyc.

Quarter

QUARTER, n. quort'er. [French quart, quartier; Italian quartiere; Spanish quartel; Dutch kwartier; German quartier; Swedish qvart, qvartal; Danish qvart, qvartal, qvarteer; Latin quartus, the fourth part; from Welsh cwar, a square.]

1. The fourth part; as the quarter of an hour or of a mile; one quarter of the expense. Living is a quarter dearer in the city than in the country.

2. In weight, the fourth part of a hundred pounds avoirdupois, or of 112lb., that is, 28lb.; as a quarter of sugar.

3. In dry measure, the fourth of a tun in weight, or eight bushels; as a quarter of wheat.

4. In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon's period or monthly revolution; as the first quarter after the change or full.

5. A region in the hemisphere or great circle; primarily, one of the four cardinal points; as the four quarters of the globe; but used indifferently for any region or point of compass. From what quarter does the wind blow? Hence,

6. A particular region of a town, city or country; as all quarters of the city; in every quarter of the country or of the continent. Hence,

7. Usually in the plural, quarters, the place of lodging or temporary residence; appropriately, the place where officers and soldiers lodge, but applied to the lodgings of any temporary resident. He called on the general at his quarters; the place furnished good winter quarters for the troops. I saw the stranger at his quarters.

8. Proper station.

Swift to their several quarters hasten thenÃ‚--

Milton.

Bacon uses the word in the singular.

"Make love keep quarter."

9. On board of ships, quarters signifies the stations or places where the officers and men are posted in action. Pipe all hands to quarters.

10. In military affairs, the remission or sparing of the life of a captive or an enemy when in one's power; mercy granted by a conqueror to his enemy, when no longer able to defend himself. In desperate encounters, men will sometimes neither ask nor give quarter. To barbarous practice of giving no quarter to soldiers in a fortress taken by assault, is nearly obsolete.

He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer them quarter for their lives, if they would give up the castle.

Clarendon.

Lambs at the mercy of wolves must expect no quarter.

L'Estrange.

11. Treatment shown to an enemy; indulgence.

To the young, if you give tolerable quarter, you indulge them in idleness and ruin them. [Rarely used.]

Collier.

12. Friendship; amity; concord. [Not in use.]

Shak.

13. In the slaughter house, one limb of a quadruped with the adjoining parts; or one fourth part of the carcase of a quadruped, including a limb; as a fore quarter, or hind quarter.

14. In the menage, the quarters of a horse's foot are the sides of the coffin, between the toe and the heel. False quarters are a cleft in the horn of the hoof, extending from the coronet to the shoe, or from top to bottom. When for any disorder, one of the quarters is cut, the horse is said to be quarter-cast.

Encyc.

15. In a siege, quarters are the encampment on one of the principal passages round the place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys.

Encyc.

16. In seminaries of learning, a fourth part of the year, or three months. Tuition and board at twenty five dollars the quarter. This is a moderate quarter bill.

17. The quarter of a ship, is the part of a ship's side which lies towards the stern, or the part between the aftmost end of the main-chains and the sides of the stern, where it is terminated by the quarter-pieces.

Mar. Dict.

18. In heraldry, one of the parts or members of the first division of a coat that is divided into four parts.

On the quarter, in seamen's language, is a point in the horizon considerably abaft the beam, but not in the direction of the stern.

Quarter-bill, among seamen, is a list containing the different stations where the officers and crew are to take post in time of action, and the names of the men assigned to each.

Quarter-cloths, long pieces of painted canvas, extended on the outside of the quarter-netting from the upper part of the gallery to the gangway.

Quarter-deck, that part of the deck of a ship which extends from the stern to the main-mast. But in some kinds of vessels, the quarter-deck does not extend to the main-mast, but is raised above the main deck.

Quarter-gallery, a sort of balcony on the quarters of a ship.

Quarter-railing, narrow molded planks, reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence to the quarter-deck.

Quarter-master, in an army, an officer whose business is to attend to the quarters for the soldiers, their provisions, fuel, forage, &c.; in the navy, an officer who assists the mates in their duties, in stowing the hold, coiling the cables, attending the steerage, and keeping time by the watch glasses.

Quarter-master-general, in military affairs, is an officer whose duty is to mark the marches and encampments of an army, the head-quarters, the place for the artillery, and procure supplies of provisions and forage, &c.

Quarter-staff, a long staff borne by foresters and park-keepers, as a badge of office and a weapon.

Encyc.

2. A staff of defense.

Dryden.

Quarter-sessions, in England, a general court held quarterly by the justices of peace of each county, with jurisdiction to try and determine felonies and trespasses; but capital offenses are seldom or never tried in this court.

Blackstone.

Quarter-round, in architecture, the echinus or ovolo.

Head-quarters, the tent or mansion of the commander in chief of an army.

Quarter

QUART'ER, verb transitive To divide into four equal parts.

2. To divide; to separate into parts.

Shak.

3. To divide into distinct regions or compartments.

The sailors quarter'd heaven.

Dryden.

4. To station soldiers for lodging; as, to quarter troops in the city or among the inhabitants, or on the inhabitants.

5. To lodge; to fix on a temporary dwelling.

They mean this night in Sardis to be quarter'd.

Shak.

6. To diet. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

7. To bear as an appendage to the hereditary arms.

The coat of BeauchampÃ‚--quartered by the earl of Hertford.

Peacham.

Quarter

QUART'ER, verb intransitive To lodge; to have a temporary residence. The general quarters at a hotel in Church street.

Quarterage

QUART'ERAGE, noun A quarterly allowance.

Hudibras.

Quarter-Day

QUART'ER-DAY, noun The day that completes three months, the quarter of a year; the day when quarterly payments are made of rent or interest.

Spectator.

Quartered

QUART'ERED, participle passive Divided into four equal parts or quarters; separated into distinct parts; lodged; stationed for lodging.

Quartering

QUART'ERING, participle of the present tense Dividing into quarters or into distinct parts; stationing for lodgings.

Quartering

QUART'ERING, noun A station.

Mountagu.

2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers.

3. The division of a shield containing many coats.

Ashmole.

Quarterly

QUART'ERLY, adjective Containing or consisting of a fourth part; as quarterly seasons.

2. Recurring at the end of each quarter of the year; as quarterly payments of rent; a quarterly payments of rent; a quarterly visitation or examination. The secretary requires quarterly returns from his officers.

Quarterly

QUART'ERLY, adverb Once in a quarter of a year. The returns are made quarterly.

Quartern

QUART'ERN, noun The fourth part of a pint; a gill.

Quartile

QUART'ILE, noun An aspect of the planets, when they are distant from each other a quarter of the circle, ninety degrees, or three signs.

Harris. Dryden.

Quarto

QUART'O, noun [Latin quartus.] A book of the size of the fourth of a sheet; a size made by twice folding a sheet, which then makes four leaves.

Quarto

QUART'O, adjective Denoting the size of a book, in which a sheet makes four leaves.

Quartz

QUARTZ, n. quortz. [German quartz.] A species of silicious minerals, of various colors, white, gray, reddish, yellowish or brownish; commonly amorphous, and frequently crystalized. The subspecies and varieties are numerous.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Quartzy

QUARTZ'Y, adjective Pertaining to quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz; resembling quartz. [Quartzy is the regular adjective, and quartzose and quartzous may be dispensed with.]

Quas

QUAS, noun In Russia, a drink of common domestic use; being a liquor prepared from pollard, meal and bread, or from meal and malt, by an acid fermentation.

Tooke.

Quash

QUASH, verb transitive [Saxon cwysan; Dutch kwetsen; German quetschen; French casser; Italian squassare; Latin quasso, quatio. Class Gs. No. 17. 28. 60. 68. and Class Gd. No. 38. 76. See Squeeze.]

1. Properly, to beat down or beat in pieces; to crush.

The whales

Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, quash'd.

Waller.

2. To crush; to subdue; as, to quash a rebellion.

Addison.

3. In law, to abate, annul, overthrow or make void; as, to quash an indictment. He prays judgment of the writ or declaration that the same may be quashed.

Blackstone.

Quash

QUASH, verb intransitive To be shaken with a noise.

Sharp.

Quash

QUASH, noun A species of cucurbita; but in America pronounced squash; so called probably from its softness. [See the Verb.]

Quashed

QUASH'ED, participle passive Crushed; subdued; abated.

Quashing

QUASH'ING, participle of the present tense Crushing; subduing; abating.

Quassation

QUASSA'TION, noun [Latin quassatio.] The act of shaking; concussion; the state of being shaken.

Gayton.

Quassia

QUAS'SIA, noun A plant, or rather a genus of plants of three species, the amara, simaruba, and excelsa or polygama, natives of South America and of some of the isles of the West Indies, and possessing valuable medicinal qualities.

Encyc.

Quat

QUAT, noun A pustule or pimple. [Not used.]

Shak.

Quater-Cousins

QUATER-COUSINS, n. ka'ter-cuzns. [Latin quatuor, four, and cousin.]

Those within the first four degrees of kind-red.

Skinner.

Quatern

QUAT'ERN, adjective [Latin quaterni, four, from quatuor, four.]

Consisting of four; fourfold; growing by fours; as quatern leaves.

Martyn.

Quaternary

QUATERN'ARY, noun [Latin quaternarius, from quatuor, four.]

The number four.

Boyle.

Quaternary

QUATERN'ARY, adjective Consisting of four.

Gregory.

Quaternion

QUATERN'ION, noun [Latin quaternio, from quatuor, four.]

1. The number four.

Milton.

2. A file of four soldiers. Acts 12.

Quaternion

QUATERN'ION, verb transitive To divide into files or companies.

Milton.

Quaternity

QUATERN'ITY, noun [supra.] The number four.

Brown.

Quatrain

QUAT'RAIN, noun [French from quatre, Latin quatuor, four.]

A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately.

Dryden.

Quave

QUAVE, for quaver, is not used.

Quavemire

QUAVEMIRE, for quagmire, is not used.

Quaver

QUA'VER, verb intransitive [Welsh cwibiaw, to quaver, to trill; Spanish quiebro, a musical shake or trill;

quiebra, a break, fracture, failure. It coincides in elements with quibble, quive, whiffle, wabble. The primary sense is to move, hence to break, applied to motion and sound. See Quiver and Vibrate.]

1. To shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid vibrations, as in singing; to sing with tremulous modulations of voice.

Bacon.

2. To tremble; to vibrate.

The fingerÃ‚--moved with a quavering motion.

Newton.

Quaver

QUA'VER, noun A shake or rapid vibration of the voice, or a shake on an instrument of music.

Addison.

2. A note and measure of time in music, equal to half a crotchet or the eighth of a semibreve.

Quavered

QUA'VERED, adjective or participle passive Distributed into quavers.

Harmar.

Quaverer

QUA'VERER, noun A warbler.

Quavering

QUA'VERING, participle of the present tense Shaking the voice or the sound of an instrument.

Quavering

QUA'VERING, noun The act of shaking the voice, or of making rapid vibrations of sound on an instrument of music.

Quay

QUAY, n. ke. [French quai; Dutch kaai; Armoric qae; Irish ceigh. If this word is radically the same as key, the sense is that which fastens or secures. Class Cg or Gk.]

A key; a mole or wharf, constructed in harbors for securing vessels and receiving goods unladen or to be shipped on board.

Quay

QUAY, verb transitive To furnish with quays.

J. Barlow.

Queach

QUEACH, noun A thick bushy plot. Obs.

Chapman.

Queach

QUEACH, verb intransitive To stir; to move. Obs. [See Quick.]

Queachy

QUE'ACHY, adjective [from queach.] Shaking; moving, yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or boggy ground.

The queachy fens.

Drayton.

Godwin's queachy sands.

Ib.

[This word is still in use in New England, and if the word is from the root of quick, we recognize the application of it in quicksand.]

2. Thick; bushy. [Not in use.]

Cockeram.

Quean

QUEAN, noun [Saxon cwoen or cwen, a woman. See Queen.]

A worthless woman; a slut; a strumpet. [Not in common use.]

Dryden. Swift.

Queasiness

QUE'ASINESS, n. s as z. [from queasy.]

Nausea; qualmishness; inclination to vomit.

Queasy

QUE'ASY, a. s as z. [allied perhaps to the Welsh chudy, [Lhuyd,] Cornish huedzha, Armoric chueda or huyda, to vomit. Class Gs. No. 19. Class Gd. No. 54.]

1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit.

Shak.

2. Fastidious; squeamish; delicate.

Shak. Dryden.

3. Causing nausea; as a queasy question.

Shak.

Queck

QUECK, verb intransitive [German quackeln, to quake, to be unsettled, to flinch.]

To shrink; to flinch. Obs.

Bacon.

Queen

QUEEN, noun [Saxon cwoen or cwen, Gothic queins, quens, Danish qvinde, Swedish qvinna, a woman; Sanscrit kanya. Qu. Irish coinne and Greek.]

1. The consort of a king; a queen consort.

2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a queen-regent; as Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scotland.

3. The sovereign of a swarm of bees, or the female of the hive.

A hive of bees cannot subsist without a queen.

Encyc.

Queen of the meadows, meadow sweet, a plant of the genus Spiraea.

Lee.

Queen

QUEEN, verb intransitive To play the queen; to act the part or character of a queen.

Shak.

Queen-Apple

QUEE'N-APPLE, noun A kind of apple, so called.

Mortimer.

Queen-Dowager

QUEEN-DOW'AGER, noun The widow of a king.

Queen-Gold

QUEE'N-GOLD, noun A royal duty or revenue belonging to every queen of England during her marriage to the king.

Queening

QUEE'NING, noun An apple.

Mortimer.

Queenlike

QUEE'NLIKE, adjective Resembling a queen.

Drayton.

Queenly

QUEE'NLY, adjective Like a queen; becoming a queen; suitable to a queen.

Queer

QUEER, adjective [German quer, cross, oblique, traverse; querkopf, a queer fellow; querlen, to twirl. The primary sense is probably to turn.]

Odd; singular; hence, whimsical.

Spectator.

Queerly

QUEE'RLY, adverb In an odd or singular manner.

Queerness

QUEE'RNESS, noun Oddity; singularity; particularity. [A familiar, not an elegant word.]

Queest

QUEEST, noun A ring dove, a species of pigeon.

Todd.

Queint

QUEINT, preterit tense and participle passive of quench.

Gower.

Quell

QUELL, verb transitive [Saxon cwellan, to kill; Danish qvoeler, to stifle, suffocate, choke, stop, quell, gall, tease, torment, vex; Swedish qv?lja, id.; German quÃƒ-¤len. The primary sense is to stop, to press or force down, and thus cause action or motion to cease.]

1. To crush; to subdue; to cause to cease; as, to quell an insurrection or sedition.

2. To quiet; to allay; to reduce to peace; as, to quell the tumult of the soul.

3. To subdue; to reduce.

This quell'd her pride.

Dryden.

Quell

QUELL, verb intransitive To die; to abate.

Spenser.

Quell

QUELL, noun Murder. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Quelled

QUELL'ED, participle passive Crushed; subdued; quieted.

Queller

QUELL'ER, noun One that crushes or subdues.

Shak.

Quelling

QUELL'ING, participle of the present tense Crushing; subduing; reducing to peace.

Quelque-Chose

QUELQUE-CHOSE, n. keck-shows. [French something.]

A trifle; a kickshaw.

Donne.

Queme

QUEME, verb transitive [Saxon cweman.] To please. [Obs.

Spenser.

Quench

QUENCH, verb transitive [Saxon cwencan.] To extinguish; to put out; as, to quench flame.

2. To still; to quiet; to repress; as, to quench a passion or emotion.

Shak.

3. To allay or extinguish; as, to quench thirst.

4. To destroy.

Davies.

5. To check; to stifle; as, to quench the Spirit. 1 Thessalonians 5.

Quench

QUENCH, verb intransitive To cool; to become cool.

Dost thou think, in time

She will not quench?

Shak.

[Not in use.]

Quenchable

QUENCH'ABLE, adjective That may be quenched or extinguished.

Sherwood.

Quenched

QUENCH'ED, participle passive Extinguished; allayed; repressed.

Quencher

QUENCH'ER, noun He or that which extinguishes.

Quenching

QUENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Extinguishing; quieting; stifling; repressing.

Quenchless

QUENCH'LESS, adjective That cannot be quenched or repressed; inextinguishable; as quenchless fire or fury.

Shak. Crashaw.

Quercitron

QUER'CITRON, noun [Latin quercus, an oak.]

The bark of the yellow oak, used in dyeing.

Bancroft.

Querele

QUER'ELE, noun [Latin querela; French querelle.]

A complaint to a court. [Not in use. See Audita querela.]

Ayliffe.

Querent

QUE'RENT, noun [Latin querens, queror, to complain.]

The complainant; the plaintif. [Not in use.]

Querent

QUE'RENT, noun [Latin quoerens, quoero, to inquire.]

An inquirer. [Not much used.]

Aubrey.

Querimonious

QUERIMO'NIOUS, adjective [Latin querimonia, complaint, from queror.]

Complaining; querulous; apt to complain.

Querimoniously

QUERIMO'NIOUSLY, adverb With complaint; querulously.

Querimoniousness

QUERIMO'NIOUSNESS, noun Disposition to complain; a complaining temper.

Querist

QUE'RIST, noun [from Latin quoero, to inquire.]

One who inquires or asks questions.

Swift.

Querk

QUERK. [See Quirk.]

Querkened

QUERK'ENED, adjective Choked. [Illegitimate and obsolete.]

Querl

QUERL, verb transitive [German querlen.] To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; as, to querl a cord, thread or rope. [This is a legitimate English word, in common use in New England. It may be a dialectical variation of whirl, Danish hvirvler, and twirl.]

Quern

QUERN, noun [Saxon cwyrn, cweorn; Gothic quairn; Dutch kweern; Danish qvern; Swedish qvarn. Qu. Welsh cwyrn, a quick motion, a whirl.]

A hand-mill for grinding grain; a mill, the stone of which was turned by hand, used before the invention of windmills and watermills.

Shak.

Querpo

QUERP'O, noun [Spanish cuerpo, the body, Latin corpus; Spanish en cuerpo de camisa, half dressed, having on a shirt only.]

A waistcoat or garment close to the body.

Dryden.

Querquedule

QUER'QUEDULE, noun [Latin querquedula.]

An aquatic fowl, a species of teal of the genus Anas.

Encyc.

Querry

QUER'RY, noun A groom. [See Equerry.]

Querulous

QUER'ULOUS, adjective [Latin querulus, from queror, to complain. See Quarrel.]

1. Complaining, or habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as a querulous man or people.

Hooker.

2. Expressing complaint; as a querulous tone of voice.

Querulously

QUER'ULOUSLY, adverb In a complaining manner.

Young.

Querulousness

QUER'ULOUSNESS, noun Disposition to complain, or the habit or practice of murmuring.

Query

QUE'RY, noun [from Latin quoere, imperative of quoero; perhaps Chaldee Hebrew to seek, to search, to inquire; id.; Arabic karau, to follow, to seek. Class Greek No. 51. 53. 55. The sense is to press on, to follow, to urge.]

A question; an inquiry to be answered or resolved.

I will conclude by proposing some queries.

Newton.

Query

QUE'RY, verb intransitive To ask a question or questions.

Three Cambridge sophs

Each prompt to query, answer and debate.

Pope.

Query

QUE'RY, verb transitive To seek; to inquire; as, query the sum or amount; query the motive or the fact.

2. To examine by questions.

Gayton.

3. To doubt of.

Quest

QUEST, noun [French quÃƒ-ªte, for queste; Latin quoero, quoestus. As the letter r is rarely changed into s, perhaps the Latin quoesivi, quoestus, may be from the root of quoeso, Welsh ceisiaw, to seek, to endeavor, cais, effort. See Class Gs. No. 35.]

1. The act of seeking; search; as, to rove in quest of game; to go in quest of a lost child; in quest of property, &c.

Addison. Milton.

2. Inquest; a jury. [Not used.]

Shak.

3. Searchers, collectively. [Not used.]

Shak.

4. Inquiry; examination. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. Request; desire; solicitation.

Gad not abroad at every quest and call

Of an untrain'd hope or passion.

Herbert.

Quest

QUEST, verb intransitive To go in search. [Not used.]

Quest

QUEST, verb transitive To search or seek for.

Herbert.

Questant

QUEST'ANT, noun [supra.] A seeker. [Not used.]

Shak.

Question

QUESTION, n. ques'chun. [French Spanish question; Latin quoestio. See Quest.]

1. The act of asking; an interrogatory; as, to examine by question and answer.

2. That which is asked; something proposed which is to be solved by answer. What is the question?

3. Inquiry; disquisition; discussion.

It is to be put to question, whether it is lawful for christian princes to make an invasive war, simply for the propagation of the faith.

Bacon.

4. Dispute or subject of debate.

There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews, about purifying. John 3.

5. Doubt; controversy; dispute. The story is true beyond all question.

This does not bring their truth in question.

Locke.

6. Trial; examination; judicial trial or inquiry.

Of the hope and the resurrection of the dead

I am called in question. Acts 23, 24.

7. Examination by torture.

Blackstone. Ayliffe.

8. Endeavor; effort; act of seeking. [Not in use.]

Shak.

9. In logic, a proposition stated by way of interrogation.

In question, in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or point in question.

Question

QUES'TION, verb intransitive To ask a question or questions; to inquire by interrogatory or proposition to be answered.

He that questioneth much, shall learn much.

Bacon.

2. To debate by interrogatories.

Shak.

Question

QUES'TION, verb transitive To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by interrogatories; as, to question a witness.

2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of.

And most we question what we most desire.

Prior.

3. To have no confidence in; to treat as doubtful. If a man is frustrated in his designs, his prudence is questioned.

Questionable

QUES'TIONABLE, adjective That may be questioned; doubtful; uncertain; disputable. The deed is of questionable authority.

It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human body.

Baker.

2. Suspicious; liable to be doubted or disputed; liable to suspicion. His veracity is questionable.

Thou com'st in such a questionable shape,

That I will speak to thee.

Shak.

Questionableness

QUES'TIONABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being doubtful, questionable or suspicious.

Questionary

QUES'TIONARY, adjective Inquiring; asking questions; as questionary epistles.

Pope.

Questioned

QUES'TIONED, participle passive Interrogated; examined by questions.

2. Doubted; disputed.

Questioner

QUES'TIONER, noun One that asks questions; an inquirer.

Questioning

QUES'TIONING, participle of the present tense Interrogating; calling in question; doubting.

Questionist

QUES'TIONIST, noun A questioner; an inquirer.

Hall.

Questionless

QUES'TIONLESS, adverb Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless; certainly.

Raleigh. South.

Questman

QUEST'MAN, or QUEST'MONGER, noun A starter of lawsuits or prosecutions. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Questor

QUES'TOR, noun [Latin quoestor. See Quest and Query.]

In Roman antiquity, an officer who had the management of the public treasure; the receiver of taxes, tribute, &c.

Questorship

QUES'TORSHIP, noun The office of a questor or Roman treasurer.

2. The term of a questor's office.

Questrist

QUES'TRIST, noun A seeker; a pursuer. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Questuary

QUES'TUARY, adjective Studious of profit.

Brown.

Questuary

QUES'TUARY, noun One employed to collect profits.

Taylor.

Queue

QUEUE. [See Cue.]

Quib

QUIB, noun [Welsh cwip, a flirt, a quirk, or gwib, a quick course or turn; cwipiaw, to move quickly, to whip; as we say, he whipped round the corner.]

A sarcasm; a bitter taunt; a quip; a gibe.

Quibble

QUIB'BLE, noun [It seems to be from the root of quib, supra, Welsh cwipiaw, to turn or move rapidly, or gwibiaw, to wander. See Wabble.]

1. A start or turn from the point in question, or from plain truth; an evasion; a cavil; a pretense; as, to answer a sound argument by quibbles.

Quirks and quibbles have no place in the search after truth.

Watts.

2. A pun; a low conceit.

Addison.

Quibble

QUIB'BLE, verb intransitive To evade the point in question, or plain truth, by artifice, play upon words, caviling or any conceit; to trifle in argument or discourse.

L'Estrange.

2. To pun.

Quibbler

QUIB'BLER, noun One who evades plain truth by trifling artifices, play upon words, or cavils.

2. A punster.

Quick

QUICK, verb intransitive [Saxon cwic, alive; cwiccian, to vivify.]

To stir; to move. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Quick

QUICK, adjective [Saxon cwic, living, alive; Dutch kwik; German quick; Danish qvik; Swedish qvick. Qu. Welsh cig, Armoric qicq, flesh. If q is a dialectical prefix, as I suppose, this word coincides with the Latin vigeo, vegeo, and vig, veg, radical, coincide with wag. Now the Dutch call a wagtail, kwikstaart.]

1. Primarily, alive; living; opposed to dead or unanimated; as quick flesh. Leviticus 13.

The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead. 2 Timothy 4.

[In this sense, the word is obsolete, except in some compounds or in particular phrases.]

2. Swift; hasty; done with celerity; as quick dispatch.

3. Speedy; done or occurring in a short time; as a quick return of profits.

Oft he to her his charge of quick return

Repeated.

Milton.

4. Active; brisk; nimble; prompt; ready.

He is remarkably quick in his motions.

He is a man of quick parts.

5. Moving with rapidity or celerity; as quick time in music.

Quick with child, pregnant with a living child.

Blackstone.

Quick

QUICK, adverb Nimbly; with celerity; rapidly; with haste; speedily; without delay; as, run quick; be quick.

If we consider how very quick the actions of the mind are performed.

Locke.

2. Soon; in a short time; without delay. Go, and return quick.

Quick

QUICK, noun [Swedish qviga, a heifer; Danish qvoeg, cattle; that is, living.]

1. A living animal. Obs.

Spenser.

2. The living flesh; sensible parts; as penetrating to the quick; stung to the quick; cut to the quick.

Bacon. Dryden.

3. Living shrubs or trees; as a ditch or bank set with quick.

Mortimer.

Quick

QUICK, verb transitive [Saxon cwiccian.] To revive; to make alive. Obs.

Chaucer.

Quick

QUICK, verb intransitive To become alive. Obs.

Chaucer.

Quick-Beam

QUICK'-BEAM, or QUICK'EN-TREE, noun A tree, the wild sorb, a species of wild ash.

Mortimer.

The Sorbus aucuparia, or mountain ash, a species of service tree.

Lee.

Quicken

QUICKEN, v. t. quik'n. [Saxon cwiccian; Danish qvoeger.]

1. Primarily, to make alive; to vivify; to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state. Romans 4.

Hence flocks and herds, and men and beasts and fowls,

With breath are quicken'd, and attract their souls.

Dryden.

2. To make alive in a spiritual sense; to communicate a principle of grace to.

You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Ephesians 2.

3. To hasten; to accelerate; as, to quicken motion, speed or flight.

4. To sharpen; to give keener perception to; to stimulate; to incite; as, to quicken the appetite or taste; to quicken desires.

South. Tatler.

5. To revive; to cheer; to reinvigorate; to refresh by new supplies of comfort or grace. Psalm 119.

Quicken

QUICKEN, v. i. quik'n. To become alive.

The heart is the first part that quickens, and the last that dies.

Ray.

2. To move with rapidity or activity.

And keener lightning quickens in her eye.

Pope.

Quickened

QUICK'ENED, participle passive Made alive; revived; vivified; reinvigorated.

2. Accelerated; hastened.

3. Stimulated; incited.

Quickener

QUICK'ENER, noun One who revives, vivifies, or communicates life.

2. That which reinvigorates.

3. That which accelerates motion or increases activity.

More.

Quickening

QUICK'ENING, participle of the present tense Giving life; accelerating; inciting.

Quick-Eyed

QUICK'-EYED, adjective Having acute sight; of keen and ready perception.

Quick-Grass

QUICK-GRASS. [See Quitch-grass.]

Quicklime

QUICK'LIME, noun [See Lime.] Any calcarious substance deprived of its fixed or carbonic air, or an earthy substance calcined; as chalk, limestone, oyster-shells, &c.; unslacked lime. Calcarious stones and shells are reduced to quicklime by being subjected for a considerable time to intense heat, which expels the carbonic and aqueous matter.

Quickly

QUICK'LY, adverb Speedily; with haste or celerity.

2. Soon; without delay.

Quick-Match

QUICK-MATCH, noun [See Match.] A combustible preparation formed of cotton strands dipped in a boiling composition of white vinegar, saltpeter and mealed powder; used by artillerymen.

Encyc.

Quickness

QUICK'NESS, noun Speed; velocity; celerity; rapidity; as the quickness of motion.

2. Activity; briskness; promptness; as the quickness of the imagination or wit.

Wotton. Dryden.

3. Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility; as quickness of sensation.

Locke.

4. Sharpness; pungency.

Mortimer.

Quicksand

QUICK'SAND, noun Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure, loose sand abounding with water.

Dryden.

2. Unsolid ground.

Addison.

Quickscented

QUICK'SCENTED, adjective Having an acute perception by the nose; of an acute smell.

Quickset

QUICK'SET, noun A living plant set to grow, particularly for a hedge.

Evelyn.

Quickset

QUICK'SET, verb transitive To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge or fence; as, to quickset a ditch.

Mortimer.

Quicksighted

QUICK'SIGHTED, adjective Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick to see or discern.

Locke. Bentley.

Quicksightedness

QUICK'SIGHTEDNESS, noun Quickness of sight or discernment; readiness to see or discern.

Locke.

Quicksilver

QUICK'SILVER, noun [that is, living silver, argentum vivum, so called from its fluidity.]

Mercury, a metal found both native and in the state of ore, in mines, in various parts of the world, and so remarkably fusible as to be congealable only with the intense cold indicated by 39Ã‚-° or 40Ã‚-° below zero, on Fahrenheit's thermometer. It is the heaviest of the metals, next to platina and gold. It is used in various arts and in medicine.

Quicksilvered

QUICK'SILVERED, adjective Overlaid with quicksilver.

Newton.

Quick-Witted

QUICK'-WITTED, adjective Having ready wit.

Shak.

Quid

QUID, noun A vulgar pronunciation of cud; as a quid of tobacco.

Quidam

QUI'DAM, noun [Latin] Somebody. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Quiddany

QUID'DANY, noun [German quitte, a quince; Latin cydonium.]

Marmalade; a confection of quinces prepared with sugar.

Quiddative

QUID'DATIVE, adjective Constituting the essence of a thing.

Encyc.

Quiddit

QUID'DIT, noun [Latin quidlibet, or French que dit.]

A subtilty; an equivocation. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Quiddity

QUID'DITY, noun [Latin quid, what.] A barbarous term used in school philosophy for essence, that unknown and undefinable something which constitutes its peculiar nature, or answers the question, quid est? The essence of a thing constitutes it tale quid, such a thing as it is, and not another.

Encyc.

2. A trifling nicety; a cavil; a captious question.

Camden.

Quidnunc

QUID'NUNC, noun [Latin what now.] One who is curious to know every thing that passes; one who knows or pretends to know all occurrences.

Tatler.

Quid pro quo, [Latin] in law, an equivalent; something given or done for another thing; mutual consideration and performance.

Quiesce

QUIESCE, v. i. quiess'. [Latin quiesco.] To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound.

M. Stuart.

Quiescence

QUIES'CENCE, or QUIES'CENCY, noun [Latin quiescens, quiesco. See Quiet.]

1. Rest; repose; state of a thing without motion.

Glanville.

2. Rest of the mind; a state of the mind free from agitation or emotion.

3. Silence; the having no sound; as of a letter.

Quiescent

QUIES'CENT, adjective [Latin quiescens.] Resting; being in a state of repose; still: not moving; as a quiescent body or fluid.

Newton.

2. Not ruffled with passion; unagitated; as the mind.

3. Silent; not sounded; having no sound; as a quiescent letter. Sow, mow, with w quiescent; say, day, with y quiescent.

M. Stuart, Hebrew Gram.

Quiescent

QUIES'CENT, noun A silent letter.

M. Stuart.

Quiet

QUI'ET, adjective [French quiet, Latin quietus, Italian quieto, quiet; quietare, to pacify, and quetare, to quiet, and to acquit, to quit; Spanish quieto, quiet; quietar, to appease; quedo, quiet, and quedar, to stop, to leave, to quit; Portugese quieto, quiet; queda, a fall, declivity; quedo, quiet. Quiet and quit seem to belong to one radix.]

1. Still; being in a state of rest; not moving. Judge. xvi.

2. Still; free from alarm or disturbance; unmolested; as a quiet life.

Shak.

In his days the land was quiet ten years. 2 Chronicles 14.

3. Peaceable; not turbulent; not giving offense; not exciting controversy, disorder or trouble; mild; meek; contended.

The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Peter 3:1 Thessalonians 4.

4. Calm; not agitated by wind; as a quiet sea or atmosphere.

5. Smooth; unruffled.

Shak.

6. Undisturbed; unmolested; as the quiet possession or enjoyment of an estate.

Blackstone.

7. Not crying; not restless; as a quiet child.

Quiet

QUI'ET, noun [Latin quies.] Rest; repose; stillness; the state of a thing not in motion.

2. Tranquility; freedom from disturbance or alarm; civil or political repose. Our country enjoys quiet.

3. Peace; security. Judges 18.

Quiet

QUI'ET, verb transitive To stop motion; to still; to reduce to a state of rest; as, to quiet corporeal motion.

Locke.

2. To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to tranquilize; as, to quiet the soul when agitated; to quiet the passions; to quiet the clamors of a nation; to quiet the disorders of a city or town.

3. To allay; to suppress; as, to quiet pain or grief.

Quieted

QUI'ETED, participle passive Made still; calmed; pacified.

Quieter

QUI'ETER, noun The person or thing that quiets.

Quieting

QUI'ETING, participle of the present tense Reducing to rest or stillness; appeasing; tranquilizing.

Quietism

QUI'ETISM, noun Peace or tranquility of mind; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance; inaction. In history, quietism is the system of the quietists, who maintained that religion consists in the internal rest or recollection of the mind, employed in contemplating God and submitting to his will.

Quietist

QUI'ETIST, noun One of a sect of mystics, originated by Molino, a Spanish priest, who maintained the principles of quietism.

Encyc.

Quietly

QUI'ETLY, adverb In a quiet state; without motion; in a state of rest; as, to lie or sit quietly.

2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or disturbance; peaceably; as, to live quietly.

3. Calmly; without agitation or violent emotion; patiently. Submit quietly to unavoidable evils.

Quietness

QUI'ETNESS, noun A state of rest; stillness.

2. Calm; tranquility; as the quietness of the ocean or atmosphere.

3. Freedom from agitation or emotion; calmness; coolness; as the quietness of the mind.

4. Freedom from disturbance, disorder or commotion; peace; tranquility; as the quietness of a city or state.

Quietsome

QUI'ETSOME, adjective Calm; still; undisturbed. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Quietude

QUI'ETUDE, noun [French] Rest; repose; quiet; tranquility.

Wotton.

Quietus

QUIE'TUS, noun [Latin] Rest; repose; death; hence, a final discharge or acquittance; that which silences claims.

Shak.

Quill

QUILL, noun [Irish cuille, a reed or quill; Cornish cuilan; Latin calamus; Welsh calav; probably a shoot.]

1. The large strong fether of a goose or other large fowl; used much for writingpens. Hence,

2. The instrument of writing; as the proper subject of his quill.

Wotton.

3. The spine or prickle of a porcupine.

Encyc.

4. A piece of small reed or other hollow plant, on which weavers wind the thread which forms the woof of cloth.

Spenser.

5. The instrument with which musicians strike the strings of certain instruments.

Dryden.

To carry a good quill, to write well.

Quill

QUILL, verb transitive To plait, or to form with small ridges like quills or reeds; as a woolen stuff quilled.

[In the United States, this word is generally, if not universally, pronounced twilled.]

Quillet

QUIL'LET, noun [Latin quidlibet, what you please.]

Subtilty; nicety; fraudulent distinction; petty cant. [Not much used.]

Shak.

Quilt

QUILT, noun [Italian coltre; Latin culcita; Irish cuilt, a bed-tick, a bed; Portugese Spanish colcha; Spanish colchar, acolchar, to quilt; perhaps from uniting, gathering or holding.]

A cover or garment made by putting wool, cotton or other substance between two cloths and sewing them together; as beds covered with magnificent quilts.

Arbuthnot.

Quilt

QUILT, verb transitive To stitch together two pieces of cloth with some soft and warm substance between them; as a quilted bedcover; a quilted coat.

Dryden.

2. To sew in the manner of a quilt.

Quilted

QUILT'ED, participle passive Stitched together, as two pieces of cloth, with a soft substance between them.

Quilting

QUILT'ING, participle of the present tense Stitching together, as two cloths, will some soft substance between them.

Quilting

QUILT'ING, noun The act of forming a quilt.

2. In New England, the act of quilting by a collection of females who bestow their labor gratuitously to aid a female friend, and conclude with an entertainment.

Quinary

QUI'NARY, adjective [Latin quinarius, from quinque, five.] Consisting of five; as a quinary number.

Boyle.

Quinate

QUI'NATE, adjective [from Latin quinque.] In botany, a quinate leaf is a sort of digitate leaf having five leaflets on a petiole.

Martyn. Lee.

Quince

QUINCE, n. quins. [French coin or coing; Armoric aval-couign, the cornered apple or wedge-apple; German quitte or quittenapfel. which seems to be a different word, and rather allied to the Latin cydonius.]

The fruit of the Pyrus cydonia, so named from Cydonia, a town of Crete, famous for abounding with this fruit. One species of this fruit is of an oblong shape, from which probably it has its French name.

Quince

QUINCE, or QUINCE-TREE, noun The tree which produces the quince.

Quinch

QUINCH, verb intransitive [probably a vulgar pronunciation of wince or winch.] To stir, wince or flounce. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Quincuncial

QUINCUN'CIAL, adjective [from Latin quincunx.]

Having the form of a quincunx.

Ray.

Quincunx

QUIN'CUNX, noun [Latin composed of quinque, five, and uncia, ounce.]

In gardening, the quincunx order is a plantation of trees disposed in a square, consisting of five trees, one at each corner and a fifth in the middle, thus; which order repeated indefinitely, forms a regular grove or wood, which viewed by an angle of the square or parallelogram, presents equal or parallel alleys.

Quindecagon

QUINDEC'AGON, noun [Latin quinque, five, Greek, ten, and, angle.]

In geometry, a plain figure with fifteen sides and fifteen angles.

Encyc.

Quindecemvir

QUINDEC'EMVIR, noun [Latin quinque, five. decem, ten, and vir, man.]

In Roman history, one of a collection or body of fifteen magistrates, whose business was to preside over the sacrifices.

Encyc.

Quindecemvirate

QUINDECEM'VIRATE, noun The body of fifteen magistrates, or their office.

Quinia

QUIN'IA, or QUIN'INE, noun In pharmacy, a substance prepared from yellow bark (cinchona cordifolia,) possessing in a concentrated form, the tonic virtues of the bark, and capable of forming salts with acids. One of these, the sulphate of quinine, is much employed in intermittent fevers and other diseases, where powerful tonics are required.

Quinquagesima

QUINQUAGES'IMA, noun [Latin fifty.] Quinquagesima Sunday, so called as being about the fiftieth day before Easter; Shrove Sunday.

Encyc.

Quinquangular

QUINQUAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and angulus, angle.] Having five angles or corners.

Woodward.

Quinquarticular

QUINQUARTIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and articulus, article.] Consisting of five articles. [Little used.]

Sanderson.

Quinquecapsular

QUINQUECAP'SULAR, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and capsula, a little chest.]

In botany, having five capsules to a flower; as a quinquecapsular pericarp.

Martyn.

Quinquedentate

QUINQUEDEN'TATE, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and dentatus, toothed; dens, tooth.] In botany, five-toothed.

Quinquefarious

QUINQUEFA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and probably Saxon faran, to go, to fare, or from the root of vary.] In botany, opening into five parts.

Lee.

Quinquefid

QUIN'QUEFID, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and findo, to split.]

In botany, five-cleft; cut into five segments with linear sinuses and straight margins; as a leaf.

Martyn.

Quinquefoliated

QUINQUEFO'LIATED, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and folium, leaf.] Having five leaves.

Johnson.

Quinqueliteral

QUINQUELIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and litera, letter.] Consisting of five letters.

M. Stuart.

Quinquelobate

QUIN'QUELOBATE, or QUIN'QUELOBED, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and lobus, lobe.] Five-lobed; divided to the middle into five distinct parts with convex margins.

Martyn.

Quinquelocular

QUINQUELOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and loculus, a cell.]

Five-celled; having five cells; as a pericarp.

Martyn.

Quinquennial

QUINQUEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin quinquennalis, quinquennis; quinque, five, and annus, year.] Occurring once in five years, or lasting five years.

Potter.

Quinquepartite

QUINQUEP'ARTITE, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and partitus, divided.]

1. Divided into five parts almost to the base.

Martyn.

2. Consisting of two parts.

Quinquereme

QUIN'QUEREME, noun [Latin quinque, five, and remus, oar.]

A galley having five seats or rows of oars.

Quinquevalve

QUIN'QUEVALVE, or QUINQUEVALV'ULAR, adjective [Latin quinque, five, and valvoe, valves.] Having five valves, as a pericarp.

Quinquevir

QUIN'QUEVIR, noun [Latin quinque, five, and vir, man.] One of an order of five priests in Rome.

Quinsy

QUIN'SY, n. s as z. [corrupted from French esquinancie, squinancie; Italian squinanzia; Spanish esquinancia.]

1. An inflammation of the throat; a species of angina which renders respiration difficult, or intercepts it.

2. An inflammation of the fauces, particularly of the tonsils.

Hooper.

Quint

QUINT, noun [from Latin quintus, fifth, French quinte.] A set or sequence of five; as in piquet.

Quintain

QUINT'AIN, noun [French quintaine.] A post with a turning top.

Shak.

Quintal

QUINT'AL, noun [French quintal; Italian quintale; from the root of Latin centum, a hundred.]

A hundred pounds in weight; or a weight of that number of pounds; sometimes written and pronounced kentle.

Quintessence

QUINTES'SENCE, noun [Latin quinta essentia, fifth essence.]

1. In alchimy, the fifth or last and highest essence of power in a natural body. Hence,

2. An extract from any thing, containing its virtues or most essential part in a small quantity.

Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light

Etherial, first of things, quintessence pure,

Sprung from the deep.

Milton.

3. In chimistry, a preparation consisting of the essential oil of a vegetable substance, mixed and incorporated with spirit of wine.

4. The pure essential part of a thing.

Hakewill.

[I have followed Bailey and Ash and our general usage in the accentuation of this word. Jameson has done the same. The accent on the first syllable is very unnatural.]

Quintessential

QUINTESSEN'TIAL, adjective Consisting of quintessence.

Quintile

QUINT'ILE, noun [Latin quintus, fifth.] The aspect of planets when distant from each other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72 degrees.

Quintin

QUINT'IN, noun [French quintaine, Welsh Ãƒ-§wintan, a hymeneal game.]

An upright post on the top of which turned a cross piece, on one end of which was fixed a broad board, and on the other a sand bag. The play was to tilt or ride against the broad end with a lance, and pass without being struck by the sand bag behind.

B. Jonson.

Quintuple

QUINT'UPLE, adjective [Latin quintuplus, fivefold; quintus and plico.]

Fivefold; containing five times the amount.

Graunt.

Quip

QUIP, noun [Welsh Ãƒ-§wip, a quick flirt or turn; Ãƒ-§wipiaw, to move briskly, to whip; as we say, to whip round a corner in running.]

A smart sarcastic turn; a taunt; a severe retort.

Milton. Shak.

Quip

QUIP, verb transitive To taunt; to treat with a sarcastic retort.

Ainsworth.

Quip

QUIP, verb intransitive To scoff.

Sidney.

Quire

QUIRE, noun [French choeur; Italian coro; Latin chorus; Greek.]

1. A body of singers; a chorus. [See Chorus and Choir.]

Milton.

2. The part of a church where the service is sung.

Quire

QUIRE, noun [Qu. from the root of chorus, or from French cahier, a sheet of paper, or rather a book of loose sheets.]

A collection of paper consisting of twenty four sheets, each having a single fold.

Quire

QUIRE, verb intransitive To sing in concert or chorus.

Shak.

Quirister

QUIR'ISTER, noun One that sings in concert; more generally, the leader of a quire, particularly in divine service; a chorister. But in America, this word is little used and vulgar. The word used is chorister.

Quiritation

QUIRITA'TION, noun [Latin quiritatio, from quirito, from queror.] A crying for help. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Quirk

QUIRK, n. quurk. [from the root of Welsh Ãƒ-§wired, a sudden start or turn, craft, deceit; Ãƒ-§wyrn, a whirl.]

1. Literally, a turn; a starting from the point or line; hence, an artful turn for evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as the quirks of a pettifogger.

L'Estrange.

2. A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; as a quirk of joy or grief.

Shak.

3. A smart taunt or retort.

I may chance to have some odd quirks and remnants of wit broken on me.

Shak.

4. A slight conceit or quibble.

Watts.

5. A flight of fancy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. An irregular air; as light quirks of music.

Pope.

7. In building, a piece of ground taken out of any regular ground-plot or floor, as to make a court or yard, &c.

Encyc.

Quirkish

QUIRK'ISH, adjective Consisting of quirks, turns, quibbles or artful evasions.

Barrow.

2. Resembling a quirk.

Quirpele

QUIRP'ELE, noun The Indian ferret, an animal of the weasel kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Quit

QUIT, v. t. pret. and pp. quit or quitted. [French quitter; Italian quitare and chitare; Portugese Spanish quitar; Dutch kwyten; German quittiren; Danish quitterer; Swedish quitta; Welsh gadu and gadaw, to quit; Irish cead, leave; cuitighim, to requite. This is the Latin cedo. The sense of quit is to leave, to withdraw from; but the primary sense of the root must have been to move or to send; for to requite is to send back. See Class Cd. and Cs.]

1. To leave; to depart from, either temporarily or forever. It does not necessarily include the idea of abandoning, without a qualifying word. A man quits his house for an hour, or for a month. He quits his native country on a voyage, or he quits it forever; he quits an employment with the intention of resuming it.

2. To free; to clear; to liberate; to discharge from.

To quit you of this fear, you have already looked death in the face. [Nearly obsolete.]

Wake.

3. To carry through; to do or perform something to the end, so that nothing remains; to discharge or perform completely.

Never a worthy prince a day did quit

With greater hazard and with more renown.

Daniel.

4. To quit one's self, reciprocally, to clear one's self of incumbent duties by full performance.

Samson hath quit himself

Like Samson.

Milton.

In this sense, acquit is generally used.

5. To repay; to requite.

Spenser.

Ã‚--Enkindle all the sparks of nature

To quit this horrid act.

Shak.

In this sense, quit is now rarely used. We use requite.

6. To vacate obligation; to release; to free from.

Dangers of law,

Actions, decrees, judgments against us quitted.

B. Jonson.

7. To pay; to discharge; hence, to free from; as, to quit the debt of gratitude.

Milton.

8. To set free; to release; to absolve; to acquit.

Guiltless I quit, guilty I set them free.

Fairfax.

In this sense, acquit is now used.

9. To leave; to give up; to resign; to relinquish; as, to quit an office.

10. To pay.

Before that judge that quits each soul his hire. [Not used.]

Fairfax.

11. To forsake; to abandon.

Such a superficial way of examining is to quit truth for appearance.

Locke.

To quit cost, to pay; to free from by an equivalent; to reimburse; as, the cultivation of barren land will not always quit cost.

To quit scores, to make even; to clear mutually from demands by mutual equivalents given. We will quit scores [marks of charges] before we part.

Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in her noble fruits?

South.

Quit

QUIT, adjective Free; clear; discharged from; absolved.

The owner of the ox shall be quit. Exodus 21.

[This word, though primarily a participle, and never placed before its noun, has properly the sense of an adjective.]

Qui tam, [Latin] A qui tam action, in law, is a popular action, in which a man prosecutes an offender for the king or state, as well as for himself.

Quitch-Grass

QUITCH'-GRASS, noun [properly quick-grass, probably from its vigorous growth, or the difficulty of eradicating it.]

Dog-grass; a species of grass which roots deeply and is not easily killed.

Quitclaim

QUIT'CLAIM, verb transitive [quit and claim.] To release a claim by deed without covenants of warranty; to convey to another who hath some right in lands or tenements, all one's right, title and interest in the estate, by relinquishing all claim to them. The words used in the instrument are, "A hath remised, released and forever quitclaimed all his right, title and interest to a certain estate."

Blackstone.

Quitclaim

QUIT'CLAIM, noun A deed of release; an instrument by which all claims to an estate are relinquished to another without any covenant or warranty, express or implied.

Z. Swift.

Quitclaimed

QUIT'CLAIMED, participle passive Released by deed.

Quitclaiming

QUIT'CLAIMING, participle of the present tense Conveying by deed of release.

Quite

QUITE, adverb [from quit; that is, primarily, free or clear by complete performance.]

Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly. The work is not quite done; the object is quite accomplished.

He hath sold us and quite devoured also our money. Genesis 31.

The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from quite contrary principles.

Spectator.

Quit-Rent

QUIT'-RENT, noun [Latin quietus reditus.] A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quieted or quit from all other service.

Blackstone.

Quits

QUITS, adverb [from quit.] An exclamation used when mutual demands are adjusted and the parties are even, each quit of the other.

Quittal

QUIT'TAL, noun Return; repayment.

Shak.

Quittance

QUIT'TANCE, noun [French] Discharge from a debt or obligation; an acquittance. [See Acquittance, which is chiefly used.]

Shak.

2. Recompense; return; repayment.

Shak.

Quittance

QUIT'TANCE, verb transitive To repay. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Quitted

QUIT'TED, participle passive Left; relinquished; acquitted.

Quitter

QUIT'TER, noun One who quits.

2. A deliverer. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

3. Scoria of tin.

Ainsworth.

Quitter-Bone

QUIT'TER-BONE, noun In farriery, a hard round swelling on the coronet, between the heel and the quarter, usually on the inside of the foot.

Far. Dict.

Quiver

QUIV'ER, noun [Qu. French couvrir, to cover.]

A case or sheath for arrows.

Take thy quiver and thy bow. Genesis 27.

Quiver

QUIV'ER, adjective Nimble; active. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Quiver

QUIV'ER, verb intransitive [Dutch huiveren, to shiver. This word seems to belong to the family of quaver, Welsh Ãƒ-§wibiaw, to trill, to quiver, Ãƒ-§wiv, a whirl or turn, Ãƒ-§wiviaw, to fly about, to wander, Ãƒ-§wipiaw, to move briskly, Ãƒ-§wyvaw, to stir, move, agitate.]

1. To shake or tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver. This word expresses that tremulous motion of the body which proceeds from loss of heat or vigor. Thus persons quiver with fear or with cold.

He quiver'd with his feet and lay for dead.

Dryden.

And left the limbs still quiv'ring on the ground.

Addison.

2. To play or be agitated with a tremulous motion.

The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind.

Shak.

The lakes that quiver to the curling breeze.

Pope.

Quivered

QUIV'ERED, adjective [from the noun quiver.]

1. Furnished with a quiver; as the quivered nymph.

Milton.

2. Sheathed as in a quiver.

Ã‚--Whose quills stand quivered at his ear.

Pope.

Quivering

QUIV'ERING, participle of the present tense Trembling, as with cold or fear; moving with a tremulous agitation.

Quivering

QUIV'ERING, noun The act of shaking or trembling; agitation; as, to be seized with a quivering.

Sidney.

Quixotic

QUIXOT'IC, adjective Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance.

Quixotism

QUIX'OTISM, noun Romantic and absurd notions; schemes or actions like those of Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes.

Quiz

QUIZ, noun [Norm. quis, quiz, sought; Spanish quisicosa; from the root of question.] An enigma; a riddle or obscure question.

Quiz

QUIZ, verb transitive To puzzle. [A popular, but not an elegant word.]

Quo warranto, in Law Latin, a writ brought before a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person or corporation exercises certain powers.

Blackstone.

Quob

QUOB, verb intransitive [Welsh Ãƒ-§wapiaw, to strike.] To move, as the fetus in utero; to throb. [Local, vulgar, and little used.]

Quodlibet

QUOD'LIBET, noun [Latin what you please.] A nice point; a subtilty.

Prior.

Quodlibetarian

QUODLIBETA'RIAN, noun One who talks and disputes on any subject at pleasure.

Quodlibetical

QUODLIBET'ICAL, adjective Not restrained to a particular subject; moved or discussed at pleasure for curiosity or entertainment.

Quodlibetically

QUODLIBET'ICALLY, adverb At pleasure; for curiosity; so as to be debated for entertainment.

Brown.

Dict.

Quoif

QUOIF, noun [French coiffe.] A cap or hood. [See Coif.]

Shak.

Quoif

QUOIF, verb transitive To cover or dress with a coif. [See Coif.]

Addison.

[This word may be discarded with advantage.]

Quoiffure

QUOIF'FURE, noun A head dress.

Addison.

Quoil

QUOIL. [See Coil, the better word.]

Quoin

QUOIN, noun [French coin, a corner; Spanish cuÃƒ-±a. See Coin.]

1. A corner.

Mortimer.

2. An instrument to raise any thing; a wedge employed to raise cannon to a proper level, and for other purposes.

Mar. Dict.

3. In architecture, the corner of a brick or stone wall.

Encyc.

Quoit

QUOIT, noun [Dutch coite.] A kind of horse shoe to be pitched or thrown at a fixed object in play. In common practice, a plain flat stone is used for this purpose.

2. In some authors, the discus of the ancients, thrown in trials of strength.

Dryden.

Quoit

QUOIT, verb intransitive To throw quoits; to play at quoits.

Dryden.

Quoit

QUOIT, verb transitive To throw. [Not used.]

Shak.

Quoll

QUOLL, noun An animal of New Holland, resembling the polecat.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Quondam

QUON'DAM, used adjectively. [Latin] Having been formerly; former; as a quondam king or friend.

Shak.

Quook

QUOOK, preterit tense of quake. Obs.

Spenser.

Quorum

QUO'RUM, noun [Latin gen. plu. of qui, who.]

1. A bench of justices, or such a number of officers or members as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as a quorum of the house of representatives. A constitutional quorum was not present.

2. A special commission of justices.

Quota

QUO'TA, noun [Latin quotus; Italian Spanish quota; Irish cod, cota, a part.]

A just part or share; or the share, part or proportion assigned to each. Each state was ordered to furnish its quota of troops.

Quotation

QUOTA'TION, noun [from quote.] The act of quoting or citing.

2. The passage quoted or cited; the part of a book or writing named, repeated or adduced as evidence or illustration.

Locke.

3. In mercantile language, the naming of the price of commodities; or the price specified to a correspondent.

4. Quota; share. [Not used.]

Quote

QUOTE, verb transitive [French quoter, now coter; connected with quoth.]

1. To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat or adduce a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or illustration; as, to quote a passage from Homer; to quote the words of Peter, or a passage of Paul's writings; to quote chapter and verse.

Atterbury. Swift.

2. In commerce, to name, as the price of an article.

3. To note.

Shak.

Quote

QUOTE, noun A note upon an author. Obs.

Cotgrave.

Quoted

QUO'TED, participle passive Cited; adduced; named.

Quoter

QUO'TER, noun One that cites the words of an author or speaker.

Quoth

QUOTH, verb intransitive [Saxon cwythan, cythan, Gothic quithan, to say, to tell; Welsh gwed, gwedyd; Irish ceadach. Qu. Latin inquio, contracted.]

To say; to speak. This verb is defective, being used only in the first and third persons in the present and past tenses, as quoth I, quoth he, and the nominative always follows the verb. It is used only in ludicrous language, and has no variation for person, number or tense.

Quotidian

QUOTID'IAN, adjective [Latin quotidianus; quotus and dies.] Daily; occurring or returning daily; as a quotidian fever.

Quotidian

QUOTID'IAN, noun A fever whose paroxysms return every day.

2. Any thing returning daily.

Milton.

Quotient

QUO'TIENT, noun [French from Latin quoties, how often.]

In arithmetic, the number resulting from the division of one number by another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater. Thus 3)12(4. Here 4 is the quotient, showing that 3 is contained 4 times in 12. Or quotient is an expression denoting a certain part of a unit; as 3/4.

R

R

R is the eighteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and an articulation sui generis, having little or no resemblance in pronunciation to any other letter. But from the position of the tongue in uttering it, it is commutable with l, into which letter it is changed in many words by the Spaniards and Portuguese, and some other nations; as l is also changed into r. It is numbered among the liquids and semi-vowels, and is sometimes called the canine letter. It is uttered with a guttural extrusion of the breath, and in some words, particularly at the end or after a labial and a dental letter, with a sort of quivering motion or slight jar of the tongue. Its English uses, which are uniform, may be understood by the customary pronunciation of rod, room, rose, bar, bare, barren, disturb, catarrh, free, brad, pride, drip, drag, drown.

In words which we have received from the Greek language, we follow the Latins, who wrote h after r, as the representative of the aspirated sound with which this letter was pronounced by the Greeks. It is the same in the Welsh language. But as the letter is not aspirated in English, h is entirely superfluous; rhapsody, rheum, rhetoric being pronounced rapsody, reum, retoric.

As an abbreviation, R. in English, stands for rex, king, as George R.

In the notes of the ancients, R. or RO. stands for Roma; R. C. for Romana civitas; R. German C. for rei gerendoe causa; R. F. E. Dutch for recte factum et dictum; R. German F. for regis filius; R. P. respublica, or Romani principes.

As a numeral, R, in Roman authors, stands for 80, and with a dash over it, R, for 80,000. But in Greek, with a small mark over it, thus, signifies 100, and with the same mark under it, it denoted 1000X100, or 100,000. In Hebrew, denoted 200, and with two horizontal points over it, 1000X200, or 200,000.

Among physicians, R. stands for recipe, take.

Ra

RA, as an inseparable prefix or preposition, is the Latin re, coming to us through the Italian and French, and primarily signifying again, repetition. [See Re.]

Rabate

RABA'TE, verb transitive [French rabattre; Italian rabbattere; ra and battre, battere, to beat. See Beat and Abate.]

In falconry, to recover a hawk to the fist.

Ainsworth.

Rabato

RABA'TO, noun [French rabat.] A neckband or ruff. [Not in use.]

Rabbet

RAB'BET, verb transitive [French raboter.] To pare down the edge of a board or other piece of timber, for the purpose of receiving the edge of another piece by lapping and thus uniting the two.

Moxon.

2. To lap and unite the edges of boards, &c. In ship carpentry, to let the edge of a plank into the keel.

Mar. Dict.

Rabbet

RAB'BET, noun A cut on the side of a board, &c. to fit it to another by lapping; a joint made by lapping boards, &c.

Rabbeted

RAB'BETED, participle passive Pared down at the edge; united by a rabbet joint.

Rabbeting

RAB'BETING, participle of the present tense Paring down the edge of a board; uniting by a rabbet joint.

Rabbet-Plane

RAB'BET-PLANE, noun A joiner's plane for paring or cutting square down the edge of a board, &c.

Moxon.

Rabbi

RAB'BI, or RAB'BIN, noun [Chaldee, Arabic lord, master.]

A title assumed by the Jewish doctors, signifying master or lord. This title is not conferred by authority, but assumed or allowed by courtesy to learned men.

Encyc.

Rabbinic

RABBIN'IC, or RABBIN'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Rabbins, or to their opinions, learning and language.

Rabbinic

RABBIN'IC, noun The language or dialect of the Rabbins; the later Hebrew.

Rabbinism

RAB'BINISM, noun A Rabbinic expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the Rabbins.

Encyc.

Rabbinist

RAB'BINIST, noun Among the Jews, one who adhered to the Talmud and the traditions of the Rabbins, in opposition to the Caraites, who rejected the traditions.

Rabbinite

RAB'BINITE, noun The same as rabbinist.

Rabbit

RAB'BIT, noun [said to be from the Belgic robbe, robbeken.]

A small quadruped of the genus Lepus, which feeds on grass or other herbage, and burrows in the earth. The rabbit is said to be less sagacious than the hare. It is a very prolific animal, and is kept in warrens for the sake of its flesh.

Rabble

RAB'BLE, noun [Latin rabula, a brawler, from rabo, to rave; Danish raaber; Dutch rabbelen; connected with a great family of words with these elements, Rb, Rp. Qu. Spanish rabel, the tail.]

1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people; the mob; a confused disorderly crowd.

Shak.

2. The lower class of people, without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people.

Addison.

Rabble-Charming

RAB'BLE-CHARMING, adjective Charming or delighting the rabble.

South.

Rabblement

RAB'BLEMENT, noun A tumultuous crowd of low people. [Not in use.]

Spenser. Shak.

Rabdology

RABDOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a rod, and, discourse.]

A method of performing mathematical operations by little square rods.

Ash.

Rabid

RAB'ID, adjective [Latin rabidus, from rabio, rabo, to rage; Welsh rhaib.]

Furious; raging; mad; as a rabid dog or wolf. It is particularly applied to animals of the canine genus, affected with the distemper called rabies, and whose bite communicates hydrophobia.

Rabidness

RAB'IDNESS, noun Furiousness; madness.

Rabinet

RAB'INET, noun A kind of smaller ordnance.

Ainsworth.

Raca

R`ACA, noun A Syriac word signifying empty, beggarly, foolish; a term of extreme contempt. Matthew 5.

Race

RACE, noun [French race, from the Italian razza; Spanish raza, a race, a ray, and raiz, a root, Latin radix; Russian rod, a generation, race; roju, to beget. The primary sense of the root is to thrust or shoot; the Latin radix and radius having the same original. This word coincides in origin with rod, ray, radiate, &c. Class Rd.]

1. The lineage of a family, or continued series of descendants from a parent who is called the stock. A race is the series of descendants indefinitely. Thus all mankind are called the race of Adam; the Israelites are of the race of Abraham and Jacob. Thus we speak of a race of kings, the race of Clovis or Charlemagne; a race of nobles, &c.

Hence the long race of Alban fathers come.

Dryden.

2. A generation; a family of descendants.

A race of youthful and unhandled colts.

Shak.

3. A particular breed; as a race of mules; a race of horses; a race of sheep.

Chapman.

Of such a race no matter who is king.

Murphy.

4. A root; as race-ginger, ginger in the root or not pulverized.

5. A particular strength or taste of wine; a kind of tartness. [Query, does this belong to this root or to the following?]

Temple. Massenger.

Race

RACE, noun [Dutch ras; Swedish resa, to go; Danish rejse, a going or course; Latin gradior, gressus, with the prefix g; Irish ratha, a running; reatham, to run; Welsh graz, a step, from rhaz, a going; allied to Welsh rhÃƒ-ªd, a race; rhedu, to run, to race; allied to ride. See Class Rd. No 5. and 9.]

1. A running; a rapid course or motion, either on the feet, on horseback or in a carriage, &c.; particularly, a contest in running; a running in competition for a prize.

The race was one of the exercises of the Grecian games.

Encyc.

I wield the gauntlet and I run the race.

Pope.

2. Any running with speed.

The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beast.

Bacon.

3. A progress; a course; a movement or progression of any kind.

My race of glory run.

Pope.

Let us run with patience the race that is set before us. Hebrews 12.

4. Course; train; process; as the prosecution and race of the war. [Not now used.]

Bacon.

5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; as a mill-race.

6. By way of distinction, a contest in the running of horses; generally in the plural. The races commence in October.

Race

RACE, verb intransitive To run swiftly; to run or contend in running. The animals raced over the ground.

Race-Ginger

RACE-GIN'GER, noun Ginger in the root or not pulverized.

Race-Horse

RA'CE-HORSE, noun A horse bred or kept for running in contest; a horse that runs in competition.

Addison.

Racemation

RACEMA'TION, noun [Latin racemus, a cluster.]

1. A cluster, as of grapes.

Brown.

2. The cultivation of clusters of grapes.

Burnet.

Raceme

RAC'EME, noun [Latin racemus, a bunch of berries.]

In botany, a species of inflorescence, consisting of a peduncle with short lateral branches. It is simple or compound, naked or leafy, &c.

Martyn.

Racemiferous

RACEMIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin racemus, a cluster, and fero, to bear.]

Bearing racemes or clusters; as the racemiferous fig-tree.

Asiat. Res.

Racemous

RAC'EMOUS, adjective Growing in racemes or clusters.

Encyc.

Racer

RA'CER, noun [from race.] A runner; one that contends in a race.

And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize.

Pope.

Rach

RACH, noun [Saxon roecc; Dutch brak; French braque.] A setting dog.

Raciness

RA'CINESS, noun [See Racy.] The quality of being racy.

Rack

RACK, noun [Dutch rek, rack, stretch; rekker, to stretch; Saxon racan, roecan, to reach; German recken, to stretch; reckbank, a rack. See Reach and Break. Class Rg. No. 18. 21. 33.]

1. An engine of torture, used for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected persons. The rack is entirely unknown in free countries.

2. Torture; extreme pain; anguish.

A fit of the stone puts a king to the rack and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest subject.

Temple.

3. Any instrument for stretching or extending any thing; as a rack for bending a bow.

Temple.

4. A grate on which bacon is laid.

5. A wooden frame of open work in which hay is laid for horses and cattle for feeding.

6. The frame of bones of an animal; a skeleton. We say, a rack of bones.

7. A frame of timber on a ship's bowsprit.

Mar. Dict.

Rack

RACK, noun [Saxon hracca, the neck; Greek, the spine; Welsh rhac; Dutch kraag, German kragen, Swedish Danish krage, a collar; Old crag.]

The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.

[The two foregoing words are doubtless from one original.]

Rack

RACK, noun [Saxon rec, steam; recan, to exhale; Dutch rook, rooken; German rauch, rauchen; Swedish r?k, r?ka; Danish rog, roger. See Reek.]

Properly, vapor; hence, thin flying broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in the sky.

The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which we call the rackÃ‚--

Bacon.

The great globe itself,

Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,

And, like this unsubstantial pageant, faded,

Leave not a rack behind.

Shak.

It is disputed however, whether rack in this passage should not be wreck.

Rack

RACK, noun [for arrack. See Arrack.] Among the Tartars, a spirituous liquor made of mare's milk which has become sour and is then distilled.

Encyc.

Rack

RACK, verb intransitive [Saxon recan. See the Noun.]

1. Properly, to steam; to rise, as vapor. [See Reek, which is the word used.]

2. To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.

Shak.

Rack

RACK, verb transitive [from the noun.] To torture; to stretch or strain on the rack or wheel; as, to rack a criminal or suspected person, to extort a confession of his guilt, or compel him to betray his accomplices.

Dryden.

2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish; as racked with deep despair.

Milton.

3. To harass by exaction.

The landlords there shamefully rack their tenants.

Spenser.

4. To stretch; to strain vehemently; to wrest; as, to rack and stretch Scripture; to rack invention.

Hooker. Waterland.

The wisest among the heathens racked their witsÃ‚--

Tillotson.

5. To stretch; to extend.

Shak.

Rack

RACK, verb transitive [Arabic rauka, to clear, to strain. Class Rg. No. 8.]

To draw off from the lees; to draw off, as pure liquor from its sediment; as, to rack cider or wine; to rack off liquor.

Bacon.

Racked

RACK'ED, participle passive Tortured; tormented; strained to the utmost.

2. Drawn off, as liquor.

Racker

RACK'ER, noun One that tortures or torments; one that racks.

Racket

RACK'ET, noun [This word belongs to the root of crack, French craquer. See Rocket.]

1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud than uproar; applied to the confused sounds of animal voices, or such voices mixed with other sound. We say, the children make a racket; the racket of a flock of fowls.

2. Clamor; noisy talk.

Swift.

Racket

RACK'ET, verb intransitive To make a confused noise or clamor; to frolick.

Gray.

Racket

RACK'ET, noun [French raquette; Spanish raqueta; German racket; Dutch raket.]

The instrument with which players at tennis strike the ball.

Shak. Digby.

Racket

RACK'ET, verb transitive To strike as with a racket.

Hewyt.

Rackety

RACK'ETY, adjective Making a tumultuous noise.

Racking

RACK'ING, participle of the present tense Torturing; tormenting; straining; drawing off.

2. adjective Tormenting; excruciating; as a racking pain.

Racking

RACK'ING, noun Torture; a stretching on the rack.

2. Torment of the mind; anguish; as the rackings of conscience.

3. The act of stretching cloth on a frame for drying.

4. The act of drawing from the sediment, as liquors.

Racking-Pace

RACK'ING-PACE, noun The racking-pace of a horse is an amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread.

Far. Dict.

Rack-Rent

RACK'-RENT, noun An annual rent of the full value of the tenement or near it.

Blackstone.

Rack-Rented

RACK'-RENTED, adjective Subjected to the payment of rack-rent.

Franklin.

Rack-Renter

RACK'-RENTER, noun One that is subjected to pay rack-rent.

Locke.

Racoon

RACOON', noun An American quadruped of the genus Ursus. It is somewhat larger than a fox, and its fur is deemed valuable, next to that of the beaver. This animal lodges in a hollow tree, feeds on vegetables, and its flesh is palatable food. It inhabits North America from Canada to the tropics.

Belknap. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Racy

RA'CY, adjective [This word, if the sense of it is strong, vigorous, would seem to belong to the family of Saxon hroes, force; roesan, to rush. But the application of it by Cowley in the passage below, seems to indicate its connection with the Spanish Portugese raiz, root, Latin radix.]

Strong; flavorous; tasting of the soil; as racy cider; racy wine.

Johnson.

Rich racy verses, in which we

The soil from which they come, taste, smell and see.

Cowley.

Rad

RAD, the old pret. of read.

Spenser.

Rad

RAD, RED, ROD, an initial or terminating syllable in names, is the Dutch raad, German rath, counsel; as in Conrad, powerful in counsel; Ethelred, noble counsel.

Raddle

RAD'DLE, verb transitive [probably from Saxon wroed, wrad or wroeth, a band or wreath, or from the same root.]

To twist; to wind together. [Not in use.]

Defoe.

Raddle

RAD'DLE, noun [supra.] A long stick used in hedging; also, a hedge formed by interweaving the shoots and branches of trees or shrubs.

Todd.

[I believe the two foregoing words are not used in the United States, and probably they are local.]

Raddock

RAD'DOCK, or RUD'DOCK, noun [from red, ruddy, which see.] A bird, the redbreast.

Shak.

Radial

RA'DIAL, adjective [from Latin radius, a ray, a rod, a spoke. See Radius and Ray.]

Pertaining to the radius or to the fore arm of the human body; as the radial artery or nerve.

Rush.

The radial muscles are two muscles of the fore arm, one of which bends the wrist, the other extends it.

Encyc. Parr.

Radial curves, in geometry, curves of the spiral kind, whose ordinates all terminate in the center of the including circle, and appear like so many semidiameters.

Bailey.

Radiance

RA'DIANCE, or RA'DIANCY, noun [Latin radians, radio, to beam or shoot rays. See Radius and Ray.]

Properly, brightness shooting in rays or beams; hence in general, brilliant or sparkling luster; vivid brightness; as the radiance of the sun.

The Son

Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crown'd

Of majesty divine.

Milton.

Radiant

RA'DIANT, adjective Shooting or darting rays of light; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; as the radiant sun.

Mark what radiant state she spreads.

Milton.

Radiant in glittering arms and beamy pride.

Milton.

Radiant

RA'DIANT, noun In optics, the luminous point or object from which light emanates, that falls on a mirror or lens.

Radiantly

RA'DIANTLY, adverb With beaming brightness; with glittering splendor.

Radiate

RA'DIATE, verb intransitive [Latin radio. See Ray.] To issue in rays, as light; to dart, as beams of brightness; to shine.

Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes.

Locke.

2. To issue and proceed in direct lines from a point.

Radiate

RA'DIATE, verb transitive To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on. [Usually irradiate.]

Hewyt.

Radiate

RA'DIATE, adjective In botany, a rayed or radiate corol or flower, is a compound flower consisting of a disk, in which the corollets or florets are tubular and regular, and of a ray, in which the florets are irregular.

Martyn.

Or a flower with several semiflosculous florets set round a disk in form of a radiant star.

Encyc.

Radiated

RA'DIATED, participle passive Adorned with rays of light.

Addison.

2. Having crystals diverging from a center.

Mineralogy.

Radiating

RA'DIATING, participle of the present tense Darting rays of light; enlightening; as the radiating point in optics.

Radiation

RADIA'TION, noun [Latin radiatio.] The emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.

Bacon.

2. The shooting of any thing from a center, like the diverging rays of light.

Radical

RAD'ICAL, adjective [French from Latin radicalis, from radix, root. See Race and Ray.]

1. Pertaining to the root or origin; original; fundamental; as a radical truth or error; a radical evil; a radical difference of opinions or systems.

2. Implanted by nature; native; constitutional; as the radical moisture of a body.

Bacon.

3. Primitive; original; underived; uncompounded; as a radical word.

4. Serving to origination.

5. In botany, proceeding immediately from the root; as a radical leaf or peduncle.

Martyn.

Radical

RAD'ICAL, noun In philology, a primitive word; a radix, root, or simple underived uncompounded word.

2. A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.

3. In chimistry, an element, or a simple constituent part of a substance, which is incapable of decomposition.

Parke.

That which constitutes the distinguishing part of an acid, by its union with oxygen.

Ure.

Compound radical, is the base of an acid composed of two or more substances. Thus a vegetable acid having a radical composed of hydrogen and carbon, is said to be an acid with a compound radical.

Radical quantities, in algebra, quantities whose roots may be accurately expressed in numbers. The term is sometimes extended to all quantities under the radical sign.

Radical sign, the sign ? placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus, ? a or ?a+b.

Encyc. Bailey.

Radicality

RADICAL'ITY, noun Origination.

Brown.

2. A being radical; a quantity which has relation to a root.

Bailey.

Radically

RAD'ICALLY, adverb Originally; at the origin or root; fundamentally; as a scheme or system radically wrong or defective.

2. Primitively; essentially; originally; without derivation.

These great orbs thus radically bright.

Prior.

Radicalness

RAD'ICALNESS, noun The state of being radical or fundamental.

Radicant

RAD'ICANT, adjective [Latin radicans.] In botany, rooting; as a radicant stem or leaf.

Lee. Martyn.

Radicate

RAD'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin radicatus, radicor, from radix, root.]

To root; to plant deeply and firmly; as radicated opinions; radicated knowledge.

Glanville.

Meditation will radicate these seedsÃ‚--

Hammond.

Radicate

RAD'ICATE, or RAD'ICATED, participle passive or adjective Deeply planted.

Ã‚--Prejudices of a whole race of people radicated by a succession of ages.

Burke.

Radication

RADICA'TION, noun [from radicate.] The process of taking root deeply; as the radication of habits.

2. In botany, the disposition of the root of a plant with respect to the ascending and descending caudex and the radicles.

Lee.

Radicle

RAD'ICLE, noun [Latin radicula, from radix.]

1. That part of the seed of a plant which upon vegetating becomes the root.

Encyc.

2. The fibrous part of a root, by which the stock or main body of it is terminated.

Martyn.

Radiometer

RADIOM'ETER, noun [Latin radius, rod, and Greek, measure.]

The forestaff, an instrument for taking the altitudes of celestial bodies.

Ash.

Radish

RAD'ISH, noun [Saxon roedic; Dutch radys; German radiess; Cornish rydhik; Irish raidis; Welsh rhuzygyl, from rhuzyg, red. See Ruddy.]

A plant of the genus Raphanus, the root of which is eaten raw. Horse-radish is of the genus Cochlearia. Water-radish is of the genus Sisymbrium.

Radius

RA'DIUS, noun [Latin id. a ray, a rod, a beam, a spoke, that is, a shoot; radio, to shine, that is, to dart beams. See Ray.]

1. In geometry, a right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery, and hence the semidiameter of the circle. In trigonometry, the radius is the whole sine, or sine of 90Ã‚-°.

2. In anatomy, the exterior bone of the fore arm, descending along with the ulna from the elbow to the wrist.

3. In botany, a ray; the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate flower, or radiated discous flower.

Martyn.

Radix

RA'DIX, noun [Latin a root.] In etymology, a primitive word from which spring other words.

2. In logarithms, the base of any system of logarithms, or that number whose logarithm is unity. Thus in Briggs', or the common system of logarithms, the radix is 10; in Napier's, it is 2.7182818284. All other numbers are considered as some powers or roots of the radix, the exponents of which powers or roots, constitute the logarithms of those numbers respectively.

3. In algebra, radix sometimes denotes the root of a finite expression, from which a series is derived.

Hutton.

Raff

R`AFF, verb transitive [German raffen, to sweep, to seize or snatch. It seems to be from the root of

Saxon reafian, Latin rapio; Chaldee Syriac Hebrew, Arabic jarafa, to sweep away; Persic roftan, id.]

To sweep; to snatch, draw or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep. Obs.

Their causes and effects I thus raff up together.

Carew.

Raff

R`AFF, noun The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob [colluvies.] This is used chiefly in the compound or duplicate, riff-raff. [Pers. roftah, Latin quisquilioe, sweepings.]

2. A promiscuous heap or collection; a jumble.

Barrow.

Raffle

RAF'FLE, verb intransitive [French rafler, to sweep away, to sweep stakes; Dutch ryffelen; Spanish rifar, to raffle, and to strive, to quarrel, to dispute, and to rive, to split a sail; Portugese rifa, a set of cards of the same color, and a raffle or raffling, also a craggy or steep place; rifar, to neigh, as a mettlesome horse; probably from riving, opening with a burst of sound, or as we say, to rip out (an oath.) The Spanish rifar, to strive, is precisely the Hebrew, to strive; Syriac to make a tumult or clamor; all from driving or violence. See Class Rb. No. 4. 12. 19. Pers. roftan, to sweep, to clean the teeth. See Raff.]

To cast dice for a prize, for which each person concerned in the game lays down a stake, or hazards a part of the value; as, to raffle for a watch.

Raffle

RAF'FLE, noun A game of chance, or lottery in which several persons deposit a part of the value of the thing, in consideration of the chance of gaining it. The successful thrower of the dice takes or sweeps the whole.

Raffler

RAF'FLER, noun One who raffles.

Raffling

RAF'FLING, participle of the present tense The act of throwing dice for a prize staked by a number.

Raft

R`AFT, noun [In Danish raft is a rack for hay; in Saxon reafian is the Latin rapio; qu. from floating, sweeping along, or Greek, to sew, that is, to fasten together, and allied to reeve; or Greek, whence, a flooring. [See Rafter and Roof.]

An assemblage of boards, planks or pieces of timber fastened together horizontally and floated down a stream; a float.

Shak. Pope.

Raft

R`AFT, participle passive [Saxon reafian, to seize, Latin rapio; bereafian, to snatch away, to bereave.]

Torn; rent; severed. Obs.

Spenser.

Rafter

R`AFTER, noun [Saxon roefter; Greek, to cover; a roof; Russian strop, a roof.]

A roof timber; a piece of timber that extends from the plate of a building to the ridge and serves to support the covering of the roof.

Milton. Pope.

Raftered

R`AFTERED, adjective Built or furnished with rafters.

Rafty

R`AFTY, adjective Damp; musty. [Local.]

Robinson.

Rag

RAG, noun [Saxon hracod, torn, ragged; racian, to rake; Danish rager, to rake; ragerie, old clothes; Swedish raka, to shave; ragg, rough hair; Greek, a torn garment; to tear; a rupture, a rock, a crag; to tear asunder; Welsh rhwygaw, to rend; Armoric roga, id. The Spanish has the word in the compounds andrajo, a rag, andrajoso, ragged; Italian straccio, a rent a rag; stracciare, to tear; Arabic charaka or garaka, to tear. Class Rg. No. 34.]

1. Any piece of cloth torn from the rest; a tattered cloth, torn or worn till its texture is destroyed. Linen and cotton rags are the chief materials of paper.

2. Garments worn out; proverbially, mean dress.

Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Proverbs 23.

And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.

Dryden.

3. A fragment of dress.

Hudibras.

Rag

RAG, verb transitive [Qu. Saxon wregian, to accuse; or from the root of rage. The sense is to break or burst forth.]

To scold; to rail. [Local.]

Pegge.

Ragamuffin

RAGAMUF'FIN, noun [Qu. rag and Spanish mofar, to mock, or Italian muffo, musty.]

A paltry fellow; a mean wretch.

Swift.

Rag-Bolt

RAG'-BOLT, noun An iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in its place.

Mar. Dict.

Rage

RAGE, noun [French rage, whence enrager, to enrage; Cornish arraich; Armoric arragi, arragein, to enrage. This belongs to the family of Rg, to break or burst forth. See Rag. Perhaps Hebrew Chaldee Syriac, to grind or gnash the teeth; in Arabic to burn, to break, to crack, to grind the teeth, to be angry. The radical sense of burn is in many cases to rage or be violent. Class Rg. No. 34.]

1. Violent anger accompanied with furious words, gestures or agitation; anger excited to fury. Passion sometimes rises to rage.

Torment and loud lament and furious rage.

Milton.

2. Vehemence or violent exacerbation of any thing painful; as the rage of pain; the rage of a fever; the rage of hunger or thirst.

Pope.

3. Fury; extreme violence; as the rage of a tempest.

4. Enthusiasm; rapture.

Who brought green poesy to her perfect age,

And made that art which was a rage.

Cowley.

5. Extreme eagerness or passion directed to some object; as the rage for money.

You purchase pain with all that joy can give,

And die of nothing but a rage to live.

Pope.

Rage

RAGE, verb intransitive To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion.

At this he inly rag'd.

Milton.

2. To be violent and tumultuous.

Why do the heathen rage? Psalm 2.

3. To be violently driven or agitated; as the raging sea or winds.

4. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with fatal effect; as, the plague rages in Cairo.

5. To be driven with impetuosity; to act or move furiously.

The chariots shall rage in the streets. Nahum 2.

The madding wheels of brazen chariots rag'd.

Milton.

6. To toy wantonly; to sport. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Rageful

RA'GEFUL, adjective Full of rage; violent; furious.

Sidney. Hammond.

Ragery

RA'GERY, noun Wantonness. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Ragg

RAGG, noun Rowley ragg, a species of silicious stone, of a dusky or dark gray color, with shining crystals, of a granular texture, and by exposure to the air acquiring an ochery crust.

Encyc.

Ragged

RAG'GED, adjective [from rag.] Rent or worn into tatters, or till its texture is broken; as a ragged coat; a ragged sail.

Arbuthnot.

2. Broken with rough edges; uneven; as a ragged rock.

3. Having the appearance of being broken or torn; jagged; rough with sharp or irregular points.

The moon appears, when looked upon through a good glass, rude and ragged.

Burnet.

4. Wearing tattered clothes; as a ragged fellow.

5. Rough; rugged.

What shepherd owns those ragged sheep?

Dryden.

Raggedness

RAG'GEDNESS, noun The state of being dressed in tattered clothes.

2. The state of being rough or broken irregularly; as the raggedness of a cliff.

Raging

RA'GING, participle of the present tense [from rage.] Acting with violence or fury.

2. adjective Furious; impetuous; vehemently driven or agitated; as the raging sea or tempest.

Raging

RA'GING, noun Fury; violence; impetuosity. Jonah 1.

Ragingly

RA'GINGLY, adverb With fury; with violent impetuosity.

Hall.

Ragman

RAG'MAN, noun A man who collects or deals in rags, the materials of paper.

Rawlinson.

Ragmans-Roll

RAGMAN'S-ROLL, noun A roll or register of the value of benefices in Scotland, made by Ragimund, a legate of the pope, according to which the clergy were afterwards taxed by the court of Rome. [See Rigmarolc.]

Encyc.

Ragoo

RAGOO', or RAGOUT, noun [French ragout; Armoric ragoud.] A sauce or seasoning for exciting a languid appetite; or a high seasoned dish, prepared with fish, flesh, greens and the like, stewed with salt, pepper, cloves, &c.

Encyc.

Ragstone

RAG'STONE, noun A stone of the silicious kind, so named from its rough fracture. It is of a gray color, the texture obscurely laminar or rather fibrous, the lamins consisting of a congeries of grains of a quartzy appearance, coarse and rough. It effervesces with acids, and gives fire with steel. It is used for a whetstone without oil or water, for sharpening coarse cutting tools.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Ragwort

RAG'WORT, noun A plant of the genus Senecio.

Rail

RAIL, noun [German riegel, rail, bolt or bar; Welsh rhail.]

1. A cross beam fixed at the ends in two upright posts.

Moxon.

[In New England, this is never called a beam; pieces of timber of the proper size for rails are called scantling.]

2. In the United States, a piece of timber cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth, inserted in upright posts for fencing. The common rails among farmers, are rough, being used as they are split from the chestnut or other trees. The rails used in fences of boards or pickets round gentlemen's houses and gardens, are usually sawed scantling and often dressed with the plane.

3. A bar of wood or iron used for inclosing any place; the piece into which ballusters are inserted.

4. A series of posts connected with cross beams, by which a place is inclosed.

Johnson.

In New England we never call this series a rail, but by the general term railing. In a picket fence, the pales or pickets rise above the rails; in a ballustrade, or fence resembling it, the ballusters usually terminate in the rails.

5. In a ship, a narrow plank nailed for ornament or security on a ship's upper works; also, a curved piece of timber extending from the bows of a ship to the continuation of its stern, to support the knee of the head, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Rail

RAIL, noun A bird of the genus Rallus, consisting of many species. The water rail has a long slender body with short concave wings. The birds of this genus inhabit the slimy margins of rivers and ponds covered with marsh plants.

Encyc.

Rail

RAIL, noun [Saxon hroegle, roegle, from wrigan, to put on or cover, to rig.]

A woman's upper garment; retained in the word nightrail, but not used in the United States.

Rail

RAIL, verb transitive To inclose with rails.

Carew. Spectator.

2. To range in a line.

Bacon.

Rail

RAIL, verb intransitive [Dutch rallen, to jabber; Spanish rallar, to grate, to molest; Portugese ralhar, to swagger, to hector, to huff, to scold. This corresponds nearly with the German prahlen, which may be the same word with a prefix, to brawl, French brailler; Swedish ralla, to prate; French railler, to rally. In Danish driller signifies to drill and to banter.]

To utter reproaches; to scoff; to use insolent and reproachful language; to reproach or censure in opprobrious terms; followed by at or against, formerly by on.

Shak.

And rail at arts he did not understand.

Dryden.

Lesbia forever on me rails.

Swift.

Rail-Bird

RAIL-BIRD, noun A bird of the genus Cuculus.

Encyc.

Railer

RA'ILER, noun One who scoffs, insults, censures or reproaches with opprobrious language.

South. Thomson.

Railing

RA'ILING, participle of the present tense Clamoring with insulting language; uttering reproachful words.

2. adjective Expressing reproach; insulting; as a railing accusation. 2 Peter 2.

Railing

RA'ILING, noun Reproachful or insolent language. 1 Peter 3.

Railing

RA'ILING, participle of the present tense Inclosing with rails.

Railing

RA'ILING, noun A series of rails; a fence.

2. Rails in general; or the scantling for rails.

Railingly

RA'ILINGLY, adverb With scoffing or insulting language.

Raillery

RA'ILLERY, noun [French raillerie.] Banter; jesting language; good humored pleasantry or slight satire; satirical merriment.

Let raillery be without malice or heat.

B. Jonson.

Ã‚--Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is sufficient to turn them into raillery.

Addison.

Railleur

RA'ILLEUR, noun [French] A banterer; a jester; a mocker. [Not English nor in use.]

Sprat.

Raiment

RA'IMENT, noun [for arrayment; Norm. araer, to array; araies, array, apparel. See Array and Ray.]

1. Clothing in general; vestments; vesture; garments. Genesis 24. Deuteronomy 8.

Living, both food and raiment she supplies.

Dryden.

2. A single garment.

Sidney.

[In this sense it is rarely used, and indeed is improper.]

Rain

RAIN, verb intransitive [Saxon hregnan, regnan, renian, rinan, to rain; Gothic rign, rain; Saxon racu, Cimbric, raekia, rain; Dutch German regen, rain; Dutch regenen, to rain; Swedish regn, rain; regna, to rain; Danish regn, rain; regner, to rain; German beregnen, to rain on. It seems that rain is contracted from regen. It is the Greek, to rain, to water, which we retain in brook, and the Latins, by dropping the prefix, in rigo, irrigo, to irrigate. The primary sense is to pour out, to drive forth, Arabic baraka, coinciding with Hebrew Chaldee Syriac. Class Brg. No. 3.]

1. To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with it for a nominative; as, it rains; it will rain; it rained, or it has rained.

2. To fall or drop like rain; as, tears rained at their eyes.

Milton.

Rain

RAIN, verb transitive To pour or shower down from the upper regions, like rain from the clouds.

Then said the Lord to Moses, behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you. Exodus 16.

God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating. Job 20.

Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest. Psalm 11.

Rain

RAIN, noun [Saxon roegn, regn, ren.] The descent of water in drops from the clouds; or the water thus falling. Rain is distinguished from mist, by the size of the drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, we call it mist, and fog is composed of particles so fine as to be not only indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air.

Rainbat

RA'INBAT, adjective Beaten or injured by the rain. [Not used.]

Hall.

Rainbow

RA'INBOW, noun A bow, or an arch of a circle, consisting of all the colors formed by the refraction and reflection of rays of light from drops of rain or vapor, appearing in the part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun. When the sun is at the horizon, the rainbow is a semicircle. The rainbow is called also iris.

Newton.

The moon sometimes forms a bow or arch of light, more faint than that formed by the sun, and called lunar rainbow. Similar bows at sea are called marine rainbows or sea bows.

Encyc.

Rain-Deer

RA'IN-DEER, noun [Saxon hrana; Basque, orena or orina.]

The rane, a species of the cervine genus; thus written Spect. No. 406. [See Rane.]

Raininess

RA'ININESS, noun [from rainy.] The state of being rainy.

Rain-Water

RA'IN-WATER, noun Water that has fallen from the clouds.

Boyle.

Rainy

RA'INY, adjective Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as rainy weather; a rainy day or season.

Raise

RAISE, verb transitive raze. [Gothic raisyan, ur-raisyan, to raise, to rouse, to excite; ur-reisan, to rise. This word occurs often in the Gothic version of the gospels, Luke 3:8. John 6:40. 44. In Swedish resa signifies to go, walk or travel, and to raise; Danish rejser, the same. These verbs appear to be the Latin gradior, gressus, without the prefix; and gradior is the Shemitic, which has a variety of significations, but in Syriac, to go, to walk, to pass, as in Latin. Whether the Swedish and Danish verbs are from different roots, blended by usage or accident, or whether the different senses have proceeded from one common signification, to move, to open, to stretch, let the reader judge.]

1. To lift; to take up; to heave; to lift from a low or reclining posture; as, to raise a stone or weight; to raise the body in bed.

The angel smote Peter on the side and raised him up. Acts 12.

2. To set upright; as, to raise a mast.

3. To set up; to erect; to set on its foundations and put together; as, to raise the frame of a house.

4. To build; as, to raise a city, a fort, a wall, &c.

I will raise forts against thee. Isaiah 29. Amos 9.

5. To rebuild.

They shall raise up the former desolations. Isaiah 61.

6. To form to some highth by accumulation; as, to raise a heap of stones. Joshua 8.

7. To make; to produce; to amass; as, to raise a great estate out of small profits.

8. To enlarge; to amplify.

Shak.

9. To exalt; to elevate in condition; as, to raise one from a low estate.

10. To exalt; to advance; to promote in rank or honor; as, to raise one to an office of distinction.

This gentleman came to be raised to great titles.

Clarendon.

11. To enhance; to increase; as, to raise the value of coin; to raise the price of goods.

12. To increase in current value.

The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece.

Temple.

13. To excite; to put in motion or action; as, to raise a tempest or tumult.

He commandeth and raiseth the stormy wind. Psalm 107.

14. To excite to sedition, insurrection, war or tumult; to stir up. Acts 24.

AEneas then employs his pains

In parts remote to raise the Tuscan swains.

Dryden.

15. To rouse; to awake; to stir up.

They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. Job 14.

16. To increase in strength; to excite from languor or weakness. The pulse is raised by stimulants, sometimes by venesection.

17. To give beginning of importance to; to elevate into reputation; as, to raise a family.

18. To bring into being.

God vouchsafes to raise another world

From him.

Milton.

19. To bring from a state of death to life.

He was delivered for our offenses, and raised again for our justification. Romans 4:1 Corinthians 15.

20. To call into view from the state of separate spirits; as, to raise a spirit by spells and incantations.

Sandys.

21. To invent and propagate; to originate; to occasion; as, to raise a report or story.

22. To set up; to excite; to begin by loud utterance; as, to raise a shout or cry.

Dryden.

23. To utter loudly; to begin to sound or clamor. He raised his voice against the measures of administration.

24. To utter with more strength or elevation; to swell. Let the speaker raise his voice.

25. To collect; to obtain; to bring into a sum or fund. Government raises money by taxes, excise and imposts. Private persons and companies raise money for their enterprises.

26. To levy; to collect; to bring into service; as, to raise troops; to raise an army.

Milton.

27. To give rise to.

Milton.

28. To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred or propagated; as, to raise wheat, barley, hops, &c.; to raise horses, oxen or sheep.

New England.

[The English now use grow in regard to crops; as, to grow wheat. This verb intransitive has never been used in New England in a transitive sense, until recently some persons have adopted it from the English books. We always use raise, but in New England it is never applied to the breeding of the human race, as it is in the southern states.]

29. To cause to swell, heave and become light; as, to raise dough or paste by yeast or leaven.

Miss Liddy can dance a jig and raise paste.

Spectator.

30. To excite; to animate with fresh vigor; as, to raise the spirits or courage.

31. To ordain; to appoint; or to call to and prepare; to furnish with gifts and qualification suited to a purpose; a Scriptural sense.

I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren. Deuteronomy 18.

For this cause have I raised thee up, to show in thee my power. Exodus 9. Judges 2.

32. To keep in remembrance. Ruth 4.

33. To cause to exist by propagation. Matthew 22.

34. To incite; to prompt. Ez. 1.

35. To increase in intensity or strength; as, to raise the heat of a furnace.

36. In seamen's language, to elevate, as an object by a gradual approach to it; to bring to be seen at a greater angle; opposed to laying; as, to raise the land; to raise a point.

Mar. Dict.

To raise a purchase, in seamen's language, is to dispose instruments or machines in such a manner as to exert any mechanical force required.

Mar. Dict.

To raise a siege, is to remove a besieging army and relinquish an attempt to take the place by that mode of attack, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished.

Raised

RA'ISED, participle passive Lifted; elevated; exalted; promoted; set upright; built; made or enlarged; produced; enhanced; excited; restored to life; levied; collected; roused; invented and propagated; increased.

Raiser

RA'ISER, noun One who raises; that which raises; one that builds; one that levies or collects; one that begins, produces or propagates.

Bacon. Taylor.

Raisin

RAISIN, n. razn. [French Irish id.; Armoric roesin, resin; Dutch rozyn; German rosine, a raisin, and rosinfarbe, crimson, [raisin-color;] Danish rosin. In Danish and Swedish rosen signifies the erysipelas. It is evident that the word is from the same root as red and rose, being named from the color. See Red and Rose. This word is in some places pronounced corruptly reezn. The pronunciation of Sheridan, Perry and Jameson accords with that which prevails in the eastern states, which is regular, and which I have followed.]

A dried grape. Grapes are suffered to remain on the vines till they are perfectly ripe, and then dried in an oven, or by exposure to the heat of the sun. Those dried in the sun are the sweetest.

Hill.

Raising

RA'ISING, participle of the present tense Lifting; elevating; setting upright; exalting; producing; enhancing; restoring to life; collecting; levying; propagating, &c.

Raising

RA'ISING, noun The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring to life.

2. In New England, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building.

Rajah

RA'JAH, or RA'JA, noun [Latin rex, regis.] In India, a prince. Some of the rajahs are said to be independent princes; others are tributary to the Mogul.

Encyc.

Rajahship

RA'JAHSHIP, noun The dignity or principality of a rajah.

Asiat. Res.

Rake

RAKE, noun [Saxon raca, race; German rechen; Irish raca; Welsh rhacai, rhacan. See the Verb.]

An instrument consisting of a head-piece in which teeth are inserted, and a long handle; used for collecting hay or other light things which are spread over a large surface, or in gardens for breaking and smoothing the earth.

Rake

RAKE, noun [Danish roekel; probably from the root of break.]

A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a man addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices.

Addison. Pope.

Rake

RAKE, noun [Saxon racan, to reach.] The projection of the upper parts of a ship, at the highth of the stem and stern, beyond the extremities of the keel. The distance between a perpendicular line from the extremity of stem or stern to the end of the keel, is the length of the rake; one the fore-rake, the other the rake-aft.

2. The inclination of a mast from a perpendicular direction.

Mar. Dict.

Rake

RAKE, verb transitive [Saxon racian; Swedish raka; Danish rager, to shave, to rake; Cornish rackan;

Welsh rhacanu; Irish racam; German rechen; French racler; Armoric racla. The Dutch hark, harken, is our harrow, but of the same family, the great family of break, crack, Latin frico. Class Rg. No. 34. 38. 47.]

1. Properly, to scrape; to rub or scratch with something rough; as, to rake the ground.

2. To gather with a rake; as, to rake hay or barley.

3. To clear with a rake; to smooth with a rake; as, to rake a bed in a garden; to rake land.

4. To collect or draw together something scattered; to gather by violence; as, to rake together wealth; to rake together slanderous tales; to rake together the rabble of a town.

5. To scour; to search with eagerness all corners of a place.

The statesman rakes the town to find a plot.

Swift.

6. In the military art, to enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of any thing; particularly in naval engagements, to rake is to cannonade a ship on the stern or head, so that the balls range the whole length of the deck. Hence the phrase, to rake a ship fore and aft.

To rake up, applied to fire, is to cover the fire with ashes.

Rake

RAKE, verb intransitive To scrape; to scratch into for finding something; to search minutely and meanly; as, to rake into a dunghill.

South.

2. To search with minute inspection into every part.

One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words.

Dryden.

3. To pass with violence or rapidity.

Pas could not stay, but over him did rake.

Sidney.

4. To seek by raking; as, to rake for oysters.

5. To lead a dissolute, debauched life.

Shenstone.

6. To incline from a perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes aft.

Raked

RA'KED, participle passive Scraped; gathered with a rake; cleaned with a rake; cannonaded fore and aft.

Rakehell

RA'KEHELL, noun [Danish roekel; now contracted into rake; properly rakel.]

A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a rake.

Rakehelly

RA'KEHELLY, adjective Dissolute; wild.

B. Jonson.

Raker

RA'KER, noun One that rakes.

Rakeshame

RA'KESHAME, noun A vile dissolute wretch.

Milton.

Raking

RA'KING, participle of the present tense Scraping; gathering with a rake; cleaning and smoothing with a rake; cannonading in the direction of the length; inclining.

And raking chase-guns through our sterns they send.

Dryden.

2. adjective That rakes; as a raking fire or shot.

Raking

RA'KING, noun The act of using a rake; the act or operation of collecting with a rake, or of cleaning and smoothing with a rake.

2. The space of ground raked at once; or the quantity of hay, &c. collected by once passing the rake.

Rakish

RA'KISH, adjective Given to a dissolute life; lewd; debauched.

Richardson.

Rakishness

RA'KISHNESS, noun Dissolute practices.

Rally

RAL'LY, verb transitive [French rallier. This seems to be a compound of re, ra, and lier, Latin ligo, to unite.]

1. To reunite; to collect and reduce to order troops dispersed or thrown into confusion.

2. To collect; to unite; as things scattered.

Atterbury.

Rally

RAL'LY, verb transitive [French railler. See Raillery.] To treat with good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire, according to the nature of the case.

Honeycomb rallies me upon a country life.

Addison.

Strephon had long confess'd his am'rous pain,

Which gay Corinna rallied with disdain.

Gay.

Rally

RAL'LY, verb intransitive To assemble; to unite.

Innumerable parts of matter chanced then to rally together and to form themselves into this new world.

Tillotson.

2. To come back to order.

The Grecians rally and their pow'rs unite.

Dryden.

3. To use pleasantry or satirical merriment.

Johnson.

Rally

RAL'LY, noun The act of bringing disordered troops to their ranks.

2. Exercise of good humor or satirical merriment.

Ram

RAM, noun [Saxon Dutch ram; German ramm, out rammbock, ram-buck, is used. See the Verb.]

1. The male of the sheep or ovine genus; in some parts of England called a tup. In the United States, the word is applied, I believe, to no other male, except in the compound ram-cat.

2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters on the 21st of March, or a constellation of fixed stars in the figure of a ram. It is considered the first of the twelve signs.

3. An engine of war, used formerly for battering and demolishing the walls of cities; called a battering-ram. [See Battering-ram.]

Ram

RAM, verb transitive [German rammen; Dutch rammeijen; Danish ramler, to ram or drive; rammer, to strike, to hit, to touch; Welsh rham, rhum, a thrusting, a projection forward. To the same family belong Latin ramus, a branch, that is, a shoot or thrust, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac ramah, to throw, to project, Ethiopic rami, to strike; Arabic ramai, to shoot, to throw or dart. Class Rm. No. 7. 8. 9. See Cram.]

1. To thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive down or together; as, to ram down a cartridge; to ram piles into the earth.

2. To drive, as with a battering ram.

3. To stuff; to cram.

Ramadan

RAM'ADAN, noun Among the Mohammedans, a solemn season of fasting.

Ramage

RAM'AGE, noun [Latin ramus, a branch, whence French ramage.]

1. Branches of trees. [Not in use.]

2. The warbling of birds sitting on boughs.

Drummond.

3. [See Rummage.]

Ramble

RAM'BLE, verb intransitive [Italian ramengare, to ramble, to rove; Armoric rambreal, to rave; Welsh rhempiaw, to run to an extreme, to be infatuated, and rhamu, to rise or reach over, to soar. These seem to be allied to roam, romp, rampant; Arabic to exceed or go beyond, to depart. Class Rm. No. 5.]

1. To rove; to wander; to walk, ride or sail from place to place, without any determinate object in view; or to visit many places; to rove carelessly or irregularly; as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the country.

Never ask leave to go abroad, for you will be thought an idle rambling fellow.

Swift.

2. To go at large without restraint and without direction.

3. To move without certain direction.

O'er his ample sides, the rambling sprays

Luxuriant shoot.

Thomson.

Ramble

RAM'BLE, noun A roving; a wandering; a going or moving from place to place without any determinate business or object; an irregular excursion.

Coming home after a short christmas ramble, I found a letter upon my table.

Swift.

Rambler

RAM'BLER, noun One that rambles; a rover; a wanderer.

Rambling

RAM'BLING, participle of the present tense Roving; wandering; moving or going irregularly.

Rambling

RAM'BLING, noun A roving; irregular excursion.

South.

Rambooze

RAM'BOOZE, or RAM'BUSE, noun A drink made of wine, ale, eggs and sugar in winter, or of wine, milk, sugar and rose water in summer.

Bailey.

Ramekin

RAM'EKIN, or RAM'EQUINS, noun [French ramequin.] In cookery, small slices of bread covered with a farce of cheese and eggs.

Bailey.

Raments

RAM'ENTS, noun [Latin ramenta, a chip.] Scrapings; shavings. [Not used.]

Dict.

2. In botany, loose scales on the stems of plants.

Linne.

Rameous

RA'MEOUS, adjective [Latin ramus, a branch.] In botany, belonging to a branch; growing on or shooting from a branch.

Lee.

Ramification

RAMIFICA'TION, noun [French from Latin ramus, a branch.]

1. The process of branching or shooting branches from a stem.

2. A branch; a small division proceeding from a main stock or channel; as the ramifications of a family; the ramifications of an artery.

Arbuthnot.

3. A division or subdivision; as the ramifications of a subject or scheme.

4. In botany, the manner in which a tree produces its branches or boughs.

Lee.

5. The production of figures resembling branches.

Encyc.

Ramified

RAM'IFIED, participle passive Divided into branches.

Ramify

RAM'IFY, verb transitive [French ramifier; Latin ramus, a branch, and facio. to make.]

To divide into branches or parts; as, to ramify an art, a subject or scheme.

Boyle.

Ramify

RAM'IFY, verb intransitive To shoot into branches, as the stem of a plant.

When the asparagus begins to ramifyÃ‚--

Arbuthnot.

2. To be divided or subdivided; as a main subject or scheme.

Ramifying

RAM'IFYING, participle of the present tense Shooting into branches or divisions.

Ramish

RAM'ISH, adjective [Danish ram, bitter, strong scented.]

Rank; strong scented.

Chaucer.

Ramishness

RAM'ISHNESS, noun [from ram.] Rankness; a strong scent.

Rammed

RAM'MED, participle passive [See Ram.] Driven forcibly.

Rammer

RAM'MER, noun One that rams or drives.

2. An instrument for driving any thing with force; as a rammer for driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity.

3. A gun-stick; a ramrod; a rod for forcing down the charge of a gun.

Ramming

RAM'MING, participle of the present tense Driving with force.

Ramoon

RAMOON', noun A tree of America.

Ramous

RA'MOUS, adjective [Latin ramosus, from ramus, a branch.]

1. In botany, branched, as a stem or root; having lateral divisions.

Martyn.

2. Branchy; consisting of branches; full of branches.

Newton. Woodward.

Ramp

RAMP, verb intransitive [French ramper, to creep; Italian rampa, a paw; rampare, to paw; rampicare, to creep; Welsh rhamp, a rise or reach over; rhamant, a rising up, a vaulting or springing; rhamu, to reach over, to soar, to vault. See Ramble and Romance.]

1. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.

Plants furnished with tendrils catch hold, and so ramping on trees, they mount to a great highth.

Ray.

2. To spring; to leap; to bound; to prance; to frolick.

Their bridles they would champÃ‚--

And trampling the fine element, would fiercely ramp.

Spenser.

Sporting the lion ramp'd.

Milton.

[In the latter sense, the word is usually written and pronounced romp; the word being originally pronounced with a broad.]

Ramp

RAMP, noun A leap; a spring; a bound.

Milton.

Rampallian

RAMPAL'LIAN, noun A mean wretch. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rampancy

RAMP'ANCY, noun [from rampant.] Excessive growth or practice; excessive prevalence; exuberance; extravagance; as the rampancy of vice.

South.

Rampant

RAMP'ANT, adjective [French from ramper; Saxon rempend, headlong. See Ramp and Ramble.]

1. Overgrowing the usual bounds; rank in growth; exuberant; as rampant weeds.

Clarissa.

2. Overleaping restraint; as rampant vice.

South.

3. In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard or other beast, rampant denotes the animal reared and standing on his hind legs, in the posture of climbing. It differs from saliant, which indicates the posture of springing or making a sally.

Encyc.

The lion rampant shakes his brinded mane.

Milton.

Rampart

RAM'PART, noun [French rempart; Armoric ramparz, ramparzi; French se remparer, to fence or intrench one's self; Italian riparamento, from riparare, to repair, to defend, to stop; Portugese reparo; reparar, to repair, to parry in defense. Hence we see rampart is from Latin reparo; re and paro. See Parry and Repair.]

1. In fortification, an elevation or mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting cannon shot, and formed into bastions, curtains, &c.

Encyc.

No standards from the hostile ramparts torn.

Prior.

2. That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures safety.

Rampart

RAM'PART, verb transitive To fortify with ramparts. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rampion

RAM'PION, noun [from ramp.] The name of several plants; as the common esculent rampion, a species of Campanula; the crested rampion, a species of Lobelia; the horned rampion, a species of Phyteuma.

Fam. of Plants.

Rampire

RAMP'IRE, noun The same as rampart; but obsolete.

Ramsons

RAM'SONS, noun A plant, a species of Allium.

Fam. of Plants.

Ran

RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open robbery.

Lambard.

Rancescent

RANCES'CENT, adjective [Latin ranceo, to be rank.] Becoming rancid or sour.

Encyc.

Ranch

RANCH, verb transitive [corrupted from wrench.] To sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [Not used.]

Dryden. Garth.

Rancid

RAN'CID, adjective [Latin rancidus, from ranceo, to be rank. This is the rank, luxuriant in growth.]

Having a rank smell; strong scented; sour; musty; as rancid oil.

Arbuthnot.

Rancidity

RANCID'ITY, or RAN'CIDNESS, noun The quality of being rancid; a strong, sour scent, as of old oil.

The rancidity of oils may be analogous to the oxydation of metals.

Ure.

Rancor

RAN'COR, noun [Latin from ranceo, to be rank.]

1. The deepest malignity or spite; deep seated and implacable malice; inveterate enmity. [This is the strongest term for enmity which the English language supplies.]

It issues from the rancor of a villain.

Shak.

2. Virulence; corruption.

Shak.

Rancorous

RAN'COROUS, adjective Deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent.

So flam'd his eyes with rage and ranc'rous ire.

Spenser.

Rancorous opposition to the gospel of Christ.

West.

Rancorously

RAN'COROUSLY, adverb With deep malignity or spiteful malice.

Rand

RAND, noun [German, Dutch Danish rand, a border, edge, margin, brink; from shooting out, extending.]

A border; edge; margin; as the rand of a shoe.

Random

RAN'DOM, noun [Norm. Saxon randun; French randonnÃƒ-©e, a rapid course of water; randon, a gushing.]

1. A roving motion or course without direction; hence, want of direction, rule or method; hazard; chance; used in the phrase, at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard.

2. Course; motion; progression; distance of a body thrown; as the furthest random of a missile weapon.

Digby.

Random

RAN'DOM, adjective Done at hazard or without settled aim or purpose; left to chance; as a random blow.

2. Uttered or done without previous calculation; as a random guess.

Random-Shot

RAN'DOM-SHOT, noun A shot not directed to a point, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun elevated above a horizontal line.

Mar. Dict.

Randy

RAN'DY, adjective Disorderly; riotous. [Not used or local.]

Grose.

Rane

RANE, or RANEDEER, noun [Saxon hrana; French renne; Dutch rendier; German rennthier; Basque, oreÃƒ-±a or orina; so named probably from running. The true spelling is rane.]

A species of deer found in the northern parts of Europe and Asia. He has large branched palmated horns, and travels with great speed. Among the Laplanders, he is a substitute for the horse, the cow, the goat and the sheep, as he furnishes food, clothing and the means of conveyance. This animal will draw a sled on the snow more than a hundred miles in a day.

Encyc.

Ranforce

RAN'FORCE, noun The ring of a gun next to the vent.

Bailey.

[I do not find this word in modern books.]

Rang

RANG, the old pret. of ring. [Nearly obsolete.]

Range

RANGE, verb transitive [French ranger; Armoric rencqa, ranqein; Welsh rhenciaw, from rhenc, reng, rank, which see.]

1. To set in a row or in rows; to place in a regular line, lines or ranks; to dispose in the proper order; as, to range troops in a body; to range men or ships in the order of battle.

2. To dispose in proper classes, orders or divisions; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species.

3. To dispose in a proper manner; to place in regular method; in a general sense. Range and arrange are used indifferently in the same sense.

4. To rove over; to pass over.

Teach him to range the ditch and force the brake.

Gay.

[This use is elliptical, over being omitted.]

5. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range the coast, that is, along the coast.

Range

RANGE, verb intransitive To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction.

As a roaring lion and a ranging bear. Proverbs 28.

2. To be placed in order; to be ranked.

'Tis better to be lowly born,

And range with humble livers in contentÃ‚--

Shak.

[In this sense, rank is now used.]

3. To lie in a particular direction.

Which way thy forests rangeÃ‚--

Dryden.

We say, the front of a house ranges with the line of the street.

4. To sail or pass near or in the direction of; as, to range along the coast.

Range

RANGE, noun [French rangÃƒ-©e. See Rank.] A row; a rank; things in a line; as a range of buildings; a range of mountains; ranges of colors.

Newton.

2. A class; an order.

The next range of beings above him are the immaterial intelligencesÃ‚--

Hale.

3. A wandering or roving; excursion.

He may take a range all the world over.

South.

4. Space or room for excursion.

A man has not enough range of thoughtÃ‚--

Addison.

5. Compass or extent of excursion; space taken in by any thing extended or ranked in order; as the range of Newton's thought. No philosopher has embraced a wider range.

Far as creation's ample range extends.

Pope.

6. The step of a ladder. [Corrupted in popular language to rung.]

Clarendon.

7. A kitchen grate.

Bacon. Wotton.

8. A bolting sieve to sift meal.

9. In gunnery, the path of a bullet or bomb, or the line it describes from the mouth of the piece to the point where it lodges; or the whole distance which it passes. When a cannon lies horizontally, it is called the right level, or point blank range; when the muzzle is elevated to 45 degrees, it is called the utmost range. To this may be added the ricochet, the rolling or bounding shot, with the piece elevated from three to six degrees.

Encyc. Mar. Dict.

Ranged

RANGED, participle passive Disposed in a row or line; placed in order; passed in roving; placed in a particular direction.

Ranger

RANGER, noun One that ranges; a rover; a robber. [Now little used.]

Spenser.

2. A dog that beats the ground.

Gay.

3. In England, a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business is to walk through the forest, watch the deer, present trespasses, &c.

Encyc.

Rangership

RANGERSHIP, noun The office of the keeper of a forest or park.

Ranging

RANGING, participle of the present tense Placing in a row or line; disposing in order, method or classes; roving; passing near and in the direction of.

Ranging

RANGING, noun The act of placing in lines or in order; a roving, &c.

Rank

RANK, noun [Irish ranc; Welsh rhenc; Armoric rencq; French rang, a row or line; Italian rango, rank, condition; Portugese Spanish rancho, a mess or set of persons; Dutch Danish German rang. In these words, n is probably casual; Arabic to set in order; Hebrew Chaldee id. Class Rg. No. 13. 47. See also No. 18. 20. 21. 27. 46. The primary sense is probably to reach, to stretch, or to pass, to stretch along. Hence rank and grade are often synonymous.]

1. A row or line, applied to troops; a line of men standing abreast or side by side, and as opposed to file, a line running the length of a company, battalion or regiment. Keep your ranks; dress your ranks.

Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds

In ranks and squadrons and right form of war.

Shak.

2. Ranks, in the plural, the order of common soldiers; as, to reduce an officer to the ranks.

3. A row; a line of things, or things in a line; as a rank of osiers.

Shak.

4. Degree; grade; in military affairs; as the rank of captain, colonel or general; the rank of vice-admiral.

5. Degree of elevation in civil life or station; the order of elevation or of subordination. We say, all ranks and orders of men; every man's dress and behavior should correspond with his rank; the highest and the lowest ranks of men or of other intelligent beings.

6. Class; order; division; any portion or number of things to which place, degree or order is assigned. Profligate men, by their vices, sometimes degrade themselves to the rank of brutes.

7. Degree of dignity, eminence or excellence; as a writer of the first rank; a lawyer of high rank.

These are all virtues of a meaner rank.

Addison.

8. Dignity; high place or degree in the orders of men; as a man of rank.

Rank and file, the order of common soldiers. Ten officers and three hundred rank and file fell in the action.

To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a competent number.

To take rank, to enjoy precedence, or to have the right of taking a higher place. In German Britain, the king's sons take rank of all the other nobles.

Rank

RANK, adjective [Saxon ranc, proud, haughty; Spanish Italian rancio; Latin rancidus, from ranceo, to smell strong. The primary sense of the root is to advance, to shoot forward, to grow luxuriantly, whence the sense of strong, vigorous; Welsh rhac, rhag, before; rhacu, rhaciaw, to advance, to put forward. This word belongs probably to the same family as the preceding.]

1. Luxuriant in growth; being of vigorous growth; as rank grass; rank weeds.

Seven ears came up upon one stalk, rank and good. Genesis 41.

2. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and fertile; as, land is rank.

Mortimer.

3. Strong scented; as rank smelling rue.

Spenser.

4. Rancid; musty; as oil of a rank smell.

5. Inflamed with venereal appetite.

Shak.

6. Strong to the taste; high tasted.

Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on which they feed.

Boyle.

7. Rampant; high grown; raised to a high degree; excessive; as rank pride; rank idolatry.

I do forgive

Thy rankest faults.

Shak.

8. Gross; coarse.

Shak.

9. Strong; clinching. Take rank hold. Hence,

10. Excessive; exceeding the actual value; as a rank modus in law.

Blackstone.

To set rank, as the iron of a plane, to set it so as to take off a thick shaving.

Moxon.

Rank

RANK, verb transitive To place abreast or in a line.

Milton.

2. To place in a particular class, order or division.

Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.

Broome.

Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft.

Decay of Piety.

3. To dispose methodically; to place in suitable order.

Who now shall rear you to the sun, or rank your tribes?

Milton.

Ranking all things under general and special heads.

Watts.

Rank

RANK, verb intransitive To be ranged; to be set or disposed; as in a particular degree, class, order or division.

Let that one article rank with the rest.

Shak.

2. To be placed in a rank or ranks.

Go, rank in tribes, and quit the savage wood.

Tate.

3. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life. He ranks with a major. He ranks with the first class of poets. He ranks high in public estimation.

Ranked

RANK'ED, participle passive Placed in a line; disposed in an order or class; arranged methodically.

Ranker

RANK'ER, noun One that disposes in ranks; one that arranges.

Ranking

RANK'ING, participle of the present tense Placing in ranks or lines; arranging; disposing in orders or classes; having a certain rank or grade.

Rankle

RANK'LE, verb intransitive [from rank.] To grow more rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; as a rankling wound.

A malady that burns and rankles inward.

Rowe.

2. To become more violent; to be inflamed; to rage; as rankling malice; rankling envy. Jealousy rankles in the breast.

Rankly

RANK'LY, adverb With vigorous growth; as, grass or weeds grow rankly.

2. Coarsely; grossly.

Shak.

Rankness

RANK'NESS, noun Vigorous growth; luxuriance; exuberance; as the rankness of plants or herbage.

2. Exuberance; excess; extravagance; as the rankness of pride; the rankness of joy.

Shak.

3. Extraordinary strength.

The crane's pride is in the rankness of her wing.

L'Estrange.

4. Strong taste; as the rankness of flesh or fish.

5. Rancidness; rank smell; as the rankness of oil.

6. Excessiveness; as the rankness of a composition or modus.

Blackstone.

Ranny

RAN'NY, noun The shrew-mouse.

Brown.

Ransack

RAN'SACK, verb transitive [Danish randsager; Swedish ransaka; Gaelic, ransuchadh. Rand, in Danish, is edge, margin, rand, and ran is rapine. The last syllable coincides with the English verb to sack, to pillage, and in Spanish, this verb which is written saquear, signifies to ransack.]

1. To plunder; to pillage completely; to strip by plundering; as, to ransack a house or city.

Dryden.

Their vow is made to ransack Troy.

Shak.

2. To search thoroughly; to enter and search every place or part. It seems often to convey the sense of opening doors and parcels, and turning over things in search; as, to ransack files of papers.

I ransack the several caverns.

Woodward.

3. To violate; to ravish; to deflour; as ransacked chastity. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Ransacked

RAN'SACKED, participle passive Pillaged; searched narrowly.

Ransacking

RAN'SACKING, participle of the present tense Pillaging; searching narrowly.

Ransom

RAN'SOM, noun [Danish ranzon; Swedish ranson; German ranzion; Norm. raancon; French ranÃƒ-§on; Armoric ranÃƒ-§zon. In French, the word implies not only redemption, but exaction; but I know not the component parts of the word. Qu. German sÃƒ-¼hne, atonement.]

1. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner or slave, or for goods captured by an enemy; that which procures the release of a prisoner or captive, or of captured property, and restores the one to liberty and the other to the original owner.

By his captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his liberty, Richard was hindered from pursuing the conquest of Ireland.

Davies.

2. Release from captivity, bondage or the possession of an enemy. They were unable to procure the ransom of the prisoners.

3. In law, a sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.

Encyc. Blackstone.

4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, or for delivery or release from capital punishment.

Then he shall give for the ransom of his life, whatever is laid upon him. Exodus 21.

5. The price paid for procuring the pardon of sins and the redemption of the sinner from punishment.

Deliver him from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom. Job 33.

The Son of man cameÃ‚--to give his life a ransom for many. Matthew 20. Mark 10.

Ransom

RAN'SOM, verb transitive [Swedish ransonera; Danish ranzonerer; French ranÃƒ-§onner; Armoric ranÃƒ-§zouna.]

1. To redeem from captivity or punishment by paying an equivalent; applied to persons; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.

2. To redeem from the possession of an enemy by paying a price deemed equivalent; applied to goods or property.

3. In Scripture, to redeem from the bondage of sin, and from the punishment to which sinners are subjected by the divine law.

The ransomed of the Lord shall return. Isaiah 35.

4. To rescue; to deliver. Hosea 13.

Ransomed

RAN'SOMED, participle passive Redeemed or rescued from captivity, bondage or punishment by the payment of an equivalent.

Ransomer

RAN'SOMER, noun One that redeems.

Ransoming

RAN'SOMING, participle of the present tense Redeeming from captivity, bondage or punishment by giving satisfaction to the possessor; rescuing; liberating.

Ransomless

RAN'SOMLESS, adjective Free from ransom.

Shak.

Rant

RANT, verb intransitive [Hebrew Chaldee, Arabic ranna, to cry out, to shout, to sound, groan, murmur; Welsh rhonta, to frisk, to gambol, a sense of the Hebrew also.]

To rave in violent, high sounding or extravagant language, without correspondent dignity of thought; to be noisy and boisterous in words or declamation; as a ranting preacher.

Look where my ranting host of the garter comes.

Shak.

Rant

RANT, noun High sounding language without dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation; as the rant of fanatics.

This is stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man, or reason of things.

Atterbury.

Ranter

RANT'ER, noun A noisy talker; a boisterous preacher.

Ranting

RANT'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering high sounding words without solid sense; declaiming or preaching with boisterous empty words.

Rantipole

RANT'IPOLE, adjective [from rant.] Wild; roving; rakish. [A low word.]

Congreve.

Rantipole

RANT'IPOLE, verb intransitive To run about wildly. [Low.]

Arbuthnot.

Rantism

RANT'ISM, noun The practice or tenets of ranters.

Bp. Rust.

Ranty

RANT'Y, adjective Wild; noisy; boisterous.

Ranula

RAN'ULA, noun [Latin rana, a frog; dim. a little frog.]

A swelling under the tongue, similar to the encysted tumors in different parts of the body.

Coxe.

Ranunculus

RANUN'CULUS, noun [Latin from rana, a frog.]

In botany, crowfoot, a genus of plants of many species, some of them beautiful flowering plants, particularly the Asiatic, or Turkey and Persian ranunculus, which is diversified with many rich colors.

Encyc.

Rap

RAP, verb intransitive [Saxon hrepan, hreppan, to touch; repan, to touch, to seize, Latin rapio; Swedish rappa; Danish rapper, to snatch away, and rapper sig, to hasten; rap, a stroke, Swedish rapp; French frapper, to strike. The primary sense of the root is to rush, to drive forward, to fall on, hence both to strike and to seize. That the sense is to drive or rush forward, is evident from Latin rapidus, rapid, from rapio. See Class Rb. No. 26. 27. 28. 29.]

To strike with a quick sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on the door.

Rap

RAP, verb transitive To strike with a quick blow; to knock.

With one great peal they rap the door.

Prior.

To rap out, to utter with sudden violence; as, to rap out an oath. Addison. [Saxon hreopan, to cry out, that is, to drive out the voice. This is probably of the same family as the preceding word. In the popular language of the U. States, it is often pronounced rip, to rip out an oath; Latin crepo, French crever.]

Rap

RAP, verb transitive To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as rapt into admiration.

I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears.

Addison.

Rapt into future times the bard begun.

Pope.

2. To snatch or hurry away.

And rapt with whirling wheels.

Spenser.

Rapt in a chariot drawn by fiery steeds.

Milton.

3. To seize by violence.

Drayton.

4. To exchange; to truck. [Low and not used.]

To rap and rend, to seize and tear or strip; to fall on and plunder; to snatch by violence. They brought off all they could rap and rend. [See Rend.]

Rap

RAP, noun A quick smart blow; as a rap on the knuckles.

Rapacious

RAPA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin rapax, from rapio, to seize. See Rap.]

1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by force; as a rapacious enemy.

Well may thy lord, appeas'd,

Redeem thee quite from death's rapacious claim.

Milton.

2. Accustomed to seize for food; subsisting on prey or animals seized by violence; as a rapacious tiger; a rapacious fowl.

Rapaciously

RAPA'CIOUSLY, adverb By rapine; by violent robbery or seizure.

Rapaciousness

RAPA'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being rapacious; disposition to plunder or to exact by oppression.

Rapacity

RAPAC'ITY, noun [French rapacitÃƒ-©; Latin rapacitas, from rapax, rapio.]

1. Addictedness to plunder; the exercise of plunder; the act or practice of seizing by force; as the rapacity of a conquering army; the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of a Turkish pashaw; the rapacity of extortioners.

2. Ravenousness; as the rapacity of animals.

3. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive injustice.

Rape

RAPE, noun [Latin rapio, raptus; Italian ratto; French rapt; Welsh rhaib, a snatching; rheibiaw, to snatch. See Rap.]

1. In a general sense, a seizing by violence; also, a seizing and carrying away by force, as females.

Mitford.

2. In law, the carnal knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will.

Blackstone.

3. Privation; the act of seizing or taking away.

Chapman.

And ruin'd orphans of thy rapes complain.

Sandys.

4. Something taken or seized and carried away.

Where now are all my hopes? oh, never more

Shall they revive, nor death her rapes restore.

Sandys.

5. Fruit plucked from the cluster.

Ray.

6. A division of a county in Sussex, in England; or an intermediate division between a hundred and a shire, and containing three or four hundreds.

Blackstone.

Rape

RAPE, noun [Irish raib; Latin rapa, rapum; Greek; Dutch raap; German rÃƒ-¼be; Swedish rofva.]

A plant of the genus Brassica called also cole-rape and cole-seed, and of which the navew or French turnip is a variety.

Lee. Ed. Encyc.

The broom-rape is of the genus Orobanche.

Raperoot

RA'PEROOT. [See Rape.]

Rapeseed

RA'PESEED, noun The seed of the rape, from which oil is expressed.

Rapid

RAP'ID, adjective [Latin rapidus, from rapio, the primary sense of which is to rush.]

1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; as a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion.

Part shun the goal with rapid wheels.

Milton.

2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; as rapid growth; rapid improvement.

3. Of quick utterance of words; as a rapid speaker.

Rapidity

RAPID'ITY, noun [Latin rapiditas; French rapiditÃƒ-©, supra.]

1. Swiftness; celerity; velocity; as the rapidity of a current; the rapidity of motion of any kind.

2. Haste in utterance; as the rapidity of speech or pronunciation.

3. Quickness of progression or advance; as rapidity of growth or improvement.

Rapidly

RAP'IDLY, adverb With great speed, celerity or velocity; swiftly; with quick progression; as, to run rapidly; to grow or improve rapidly.

2. With quick utterance; as, to speak rapidly.

Rapidness

RAP'IDNESS, noun Swiftness; speed; celerity; rapidity.

Rapids

RAP'IDS, n. plu. The part of a river where the current moves with more celerity than the common current. Rapids imply a considerable descent of the earth, but not sufficient to occasion a fall of the water, or what is called a cascade or cataract.

Rapier

RA'PIER, noun [French rapiÃƒ-¨re; Irish roipeir; from thrusting, driving, or quick motion.] A small sword used only in thrusting.

Shak. Pope.

Rapier-Fish

RA'PIER-FISH, noun The sword-fish.

Grew.

Rapil

RAP'IL, or RAPIL'LO, noun Pulverized volcanic substances.

Rapine

RAP'INE, noun [French from Latin rapina; rapio, to seize.]

1. The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by force.

2. Violence; force.

Milton.

Rapine

RAP'INE, verb transitive To plunder.

Buck.

Rapparee

RAPPAREE', noun A wild Irish plunderer; so called from rapery, a half pike that he carries.

Todd.

Rappee

RAPPEE', noun A coarse kind of snuff.

Rapper

RAP'PER, noun [from rap.] One that raps or knocks.

2. The knocker of a door. [Not in common use.]

3. An oath or a lie. [Not in use.]

Parker.

Rapport

RAP'PORT, noun [French from re and porter, to bear.] Relation; proportion. [Not in use.]

Temple.

Rapt

RAPT, participle passive [from rap.] Transported; ravished.

Rapt

RAPT, verb transitive To transport or ravish. [Not legitimate or in use.]

Chapman.

Rapt

RAPT, noun An ecstasy; a trance.

Morton.

2. Rapidity. [Not in use.]

Rapter

RAP'TER, or RAP'TOR, noun [Latin raptor.] A ravisher; a plunderer.

Drayton.

Rapture

RAP'TURE, noun [Latin raptus, rapio.] A seizing by violence. [Little used.]

Chapman.

2. Transport; ecstasy; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure.

Music when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion and advances praise into rapture.

Spectator.

3. Rapidity with violence; a hurrying along with velocity; as rolling with torrent rapture.

Milton.

4. Enthusiasm; uncommon heat of imagination.

You grow correct, that once with rapture writ.

Pope.

Raptured

RAP'TURED, adjective Ravished; transported.

Thomson.

[But enraptured is generally used.]

Rapturist

RAP'TURIST, noun An enthusiast.

Spenser.

Rapturous

RAP'TUROUS, adjective Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; as rapturous joy, pleasure or delight.

Collier.

Rare

RARE, adjective [Latin rarus, thin; Spanish Portugese Italian raro; French rare; Dutch raar; German Danish rar.]

1. Uncommon; not frequent; as a rare event; a rare phenomenon.

2. Unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found.

Rare work, all fill'd with terror and delight.

Cowley.

Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.

Dryden.

3. Thinly scattered.

Those rare and solitary, these in flocksÃ‚--

Milton.

4. Thin; porous; not dense; as a rare and attenuate substance.

Water is nineteen times lighter and by consequence nineteen times rarer than gold.

Newton.

5. [Saxon hrere.] Nearly raw; imperfectly roasted or boiled; as rare beef or mutton; eggs roasted rare.

Dryden.

Rareeshow

RA'REESHOW, noun [rare and show.] A show carried in a box.

Pope.

Rarefaction

RAREFAC'TION, noun [French See Rarefy.]

The act or process of expanding or distending bodies, by separating the parts and rendering the bodies more rare or porous, by which operation they appear under a larger bulk, or require more room, without an accession of new matter; opposed to condensation; as the rarefaction of air.

Encyc.

Rarefiable

RAR'EFIABLE, adjective Capable of being rarefied.

Rarefy

RAR'EFY, verb transitive [French rarefier; Latin rarefacio; rarus, rare, and facio, to make.]

To make thin and porous or less dense; to expand or enlarge a body without adding to it any new portion of its own matter; opposed to condense.

Encyc. Thomson.

Rarefy

RAR'EFY, verb intransitive To become thin and porous.

Dryden.

Rarefying

RAR'EFYING, participle of the present tense Making thin or less dense.

Rarely

RA'RELY, adverb Seldom; not often; as things rarely seen.

2. Finely; nicely. [Little used.]

Shak.

Rareness

RA'RENESS, noun The state of being uncommon; uncommonness; infrequency.

And let the rareness the small gift commend.

Dryden.

2. Value arising from scarcity.

Bacon.

3. Thinness; tenuity; as the rareness of air or vapor.

4. Distance from each other; thinness.

Johnson.

Rareripe

RA'RERIPE, adjective [Saxon aroeran, to excite, to hasten.]

Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season.

Rareripe

RA'RERIPE, noun An early fruit, particularly a kind of peach which ripens early.

Rarity

RAR'ITY, noun [French raretÃƒ-©; Latin raritas.] Uncommonness; infrequency.

Far from being fond of a flower for its rarityÃ‚--

Spectator.

2. A thing valued for its scarcity.

I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the place.

Addison.

3. Thinness; tenuity; opposed to density; as the rarity of air.

Digby.

Rascal

RAS'CAL, noun [Saxon id. This word is said to signify a lean beast.]

A mean fellow; a scoundrel; in modern usage, a trickish dishonest fellow; a rogue; particularly applied to men and boys guilty of the lesser crimes, and indicating less enormity or guilt than villain.

I have sense to serve my turn in store,

And he's a rascal who pretends to more.

Dryden.

Rascal

RAS'CAL, adjective Lean; as a rascal deer.

2. Mean; low.

Spenser.

Rascalion

RASCAL'ION, noun [from rascal.] A low mean wretch.

Hudibras.

Rascality

RASCAL'ITY, noun The low mean people.

South.

2. Mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud. [This is its sense in present usage in America.]

Rascally

RAS'CALLY, adjective Meanly trickish or dishonest; vile.

2. Mean; vile; base; worthless; as a rascally porter.

Swift.

Rase

RASE, v. t. s as z. [French raser; Spanish Portugese rasar; Italian rasare and raschiare; Armoric raza; Latin rasus, rado. With these words accord the Welsh rhathu, to rub off, rhathell, a rasp, Ethiopic to rub or wipe. See the verb to row, which is radically the same word. If g in grate is a prefix, the word is formed on the same radix. Class Rd. No. 10. 13. 17. 25. 35. 38. 42. 56. 58. 61. 62. 64. 81.]

1. To pass along the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at the same time; to graze.

Might not the bullet which rased his cheek, have gone into his head? Obs.

South.

2. To erase; to scratch or rub out; or to blot out; to cancel.

Milton.

[In this sense, erase is generally used.]

3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to rase a city.

Milton.

[In this sense, raze is generally used. This orthography, rase, may therefore be considered as nearly obsolete; graze, erase and raze having superseded it.]

Rase

RASE, noun A cancel; erasure. [Not in use.]

2. A slight wound. [Not in use.]

Rash

RASH, adjective [Dutch German rasch, quick; Swedish Danish rask, id.; Saxon hrad, hroed, hroeth, quick, hasty, ready, and hroes, roes, impetus, force, and hreosan, reosan, roesan, to rush. See Ready and Rush. The sense is advancing, pushing forward. Class Rd. No. 5. 9.]

1. Hasty in council or action; precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution, and thus encountering unnecessary hazard; applied to persons; as a rash statesman or minister; a rash commander.

2. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; as rash words; rash measures.

3. Requiring haste; urgent.

I have scarce leisure to salute you,

My matter is so rash.

Shak.

4. Quick; sudden; as rash gunpowder. [Not in use.]

Rash

RASH, noun Corn so dry as to fall out with handling. [Local.]

Grose.

Rash

RASH, noun [Italian rascia.] Satin.

2. An eruption or efflorescence on the body. [In Italian, raschia is the itch.]

Rash

RASH, verb transitive [Italian raschiare, to scrape or grate; Welsh rhÃƒ-¢sg, rhasgyl, rhasgliaw; from the root of rase, graze.] To slice; to cut into pieces; to divide.

Spenser.

Rasher

RASH'ER, noun A thin slice of bacon; a thin cut.

Shak.

Rashly

RASH'LY, adverb With precipitation; hastily; without due deliberation.

He that doth any thing rashly, must do it willingly.

L'Estrange.

So rashly brave, to dare the sword of Theseus.

Smith.

Rashness

RASH'NESS, noun Too much haste in resolving or in undertaking a measure; precipitation; inconsiderate readiness or promptness to decide or act, implying disregard of consequences or contempt of danger; applied to persons. The failure of enterprises is often owing to rashness.

We offend by rashness, which is an affirming or denying before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.

South.

2. The quality of being uttered or done without due deliberation; as the rashness of words or of undertakings.

Rasp

R`ASP, noun [Swedish Dutch rasp; German raspel; Danish raspe; French rÃƒ-¢pe, for raspe; Italian Spanish raspa. See Rase.]

1. A large rough file; a grater.

2. A raspberry, which see.

Bacon.

Rasp

R`ASP, verb transitive [Dutch raspen; Danish rasper; Swedish raspa; Italian raspare; Spanish raspar; French rÃƒ-¢per; Welsh rhathell, in a different dialect. See Rase.]

To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder.

Wiseman. Moxon.

Raspatory

R`ASPATORY, noun A surgeon's rasp.

Wiseman.

Raspberry

R`ASPBERRY, noun [from rasp, so named from the roughness of the brambles; German kratzbeere, from kratzen, to scratch.]

The fruit of a bramble or species of rubus; a berry growing on a prickly plant; as the black raspberry; the red and the white raspberry.

Raspberry-Bush

R`ASPBERRY-BUSH, noun The bramble producing raspberries.

Rasure

RA'SURE, n. s as z. [Latin rasura, from rado, rasus. See Rase.]

1. The act of scraping or shaving; the act of erasing.

2. The mark by which a letter, word or any part of a writing is erased, effaced or obliterated; an erasure.

Ayliffe.

Rat

RAT, noun [Saxon roet; Dutch rat; German ratze; French rat; Armoric raz; Spanish rato; Portugese id. a rat, and ratos, sharp stones in the sea that wear cables; probably named from gnawing, and from the root of Latin rodo.]

A small quadruped of the genus Mus, which infests houses, stores and ships; a troublesome race of animals.

To smell a rat, to be suspicious, to be on the watch from suspicion; as a cat by the scent or noise of a rat.

Ratable

RA'TABLE, adjective [from rate.] That may be rated, or set at a certain value; as a Danish ore ratable at two marks.

Camden.

2. Liable or subjected by law to taxation; as ratable estate.

Stat. of Conn.

Ratably

RA'TABLY, adverb By rate or proportion; proportionally.

Raleigh.

Ratafia

RATAFIA, n. ratafee'. [Spanish] A fine spirituous liquor, prepared from the kernels of several kinds of fruits, particularly of cherries, apricots and peaches.

Spanish Dict. Encyc.

Ratan

RATAN', noun [Malay, rotan; Java, rottang.] A small cane, the growth of India.

Rat-Catcher

RAT'-CATCHER, noun One who makes it his business to catch rats.

Ratch

RATCH, noun In clock work, a sort of wheel having twelve fangs, which serve to lift the detents every hour and thereby cause the clock to strike.

Encyc.

Ratchet

RATCH'ET, noun In a watch, a small tooth at the bottom of the fusee or barrel, which stops it in winding up.

Encyc.

Ratchil

RATCH'IL, noun Among miners, fragments of stone.

Kirwan.

Rate

RATE, noun [Norm. rate; Latin ratus, reor, contracted from retor, redor or resor. See Ratio and Reason.]

1. The proportion or standard by which quantity or value is adjusted; as silver valued at the rate of six shillings and eight pence the ounce.

The rate and standard of wit was different then from what it is in these days.

South.

2. Price or amount stated or fixed on any thing. A king may purchase territory at too dear a rate. The rate of interest is prescribed by law.

3. Settled allowance; as a daily rate of provisions. 2 Kings 25.

4. Degree; comparative highth or value.

I am a spirit of no common rate.

Shak.

In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so infinitely merciful.

Calamy.

5. Degree in which any thing is done. The ship sails at the rate of seven knots an hour.

Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon enough.

Clarendon.

6. Degree of value; price. Wheat in England is often sold at the rate of fifty shillings the quarter. Wit may be purchased at too dear a rate.

7. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; as parish rates; town rates; highway rates.

8. In the navy, the order or class of a ship, according to its magnitude or force. Ships of the first rate mount a hundred guns or upwards; those of the second rate carry from 90 to 98 guns; those of the third rate carry from 64 to 80 guns; those of the fourth rate from 50 to 60 guns; those of the fifth rate from 32 to 44 guns; those of the sixth rate from 20 to 30 guns. Those of the two latter rates are called frigates.

Mar. Dict.

Rate

RATE, verb transitive To set a certain value on; to value at a certain price or degree of excellence.

You seem not high enough your joys to rate.

Dryden.

Instead of rating the man by his performances, we too frequently rate the performance by the man.

Rambler.

2. To fix the magnitude, force or order, as of ships. A ship is rated in the first class, or as a ship of the line.

Rate

RATE, verb intransitive To be set or considered in a class, as a ship. The ship rates as a ship of the line.

2. To make an estimate.

Rate

RATE, verb transitive [Swedish rata, to refuse, to find fault; ryta, to roar, to huff; Icelandic reita, or German bereden, from reden, to speak, Saxon roedan. See Read. It is probably allied to rattle, and perhaps to Latin rudo. See Class Rd. No. 71. 76. Arabic]

To chide with vehemence; to reprove; to scold; to censure violently.

Go, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy.

Shak.

An old lord of the council rated me the other day in the street about you, sir.

Shak.

Rated

RA'TED, participle passive Set at a certain value; estimated; set in a certain order or rank.

2. Chid; reproved.

Rater

RA'TER, noun One who sets a value on or makes an estimate.

Rath

RATH, noun [Irish rath, a hill, mount or fortress.] A hill. Obs.

Spenser.

Rath

RATH, adjective [Saxon rath, roethe, hroeth, hrathe, hroed or hrad, quick, hasty; Irish ratham, to grow or be prosperous; from the same root as ready and rash, from the sense of shooting forward. See Ready.]

Early; coming before others, or before the usual time.

Bring the rath primrose, that forsaken dies.

Milton.

We sometimes see the word rath-ripe, early ripe, Saxon roed-ripe; but it is obsolete or nearly so. In the United States, I believe it is not used at all.

Rather

RATH'ER, adverb [Saxon rathor, hrathor; comp. of rath, quick, prompt, hasty, ready. So we use sooner in an equivalent sense. I would rather go, or sooner go. The use is taken from pushing or moving forward. So the Italians use anzi, [Latin ante, before.] "Ma egli disse, anzi, beati coloro ch'odono la parola di Dio, e l'osservano." But he said, yea rather, happy are they that hear the word of God and keep it. Luke 11.]

1. More readily or willingly; with better liking; with preference or choice.

My soul chooseth strangling and death rather than life. Job 7.

Light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. John 3. Psalm 84.

2. In preference; preferably; with better reason. Good is rather to be chosen than evil. See Acts 5.

3. In a greater degree than otherwise.

He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,

And no where finding, rather fear'd her slain.

Dryden.

4. More properly; more correctly speaking.

This is an art

Which does mend nature, change it rather; but

The art itself is nature.

Shak.

5. Noting some degree of contrariety in fact.

She was nothing better, but rather grew worse. Mark 5. Matthew 27.

The rather, especially; for better reason; for particular cause.

You are come to me in a happy time,

The rather for I have some sport in hand.

Shak.

Had rather, is supposed to be a corruption of would rather.

I had rather speak five words with my understandingÃ‚-- 1 Corinthians 14.

This phrase may have been originally, `I'd rather," for I would rather, and the contraction afterwards mistaken for had. Correct speakers and writers generally use would in all such phrases; I would rather, I prefer; I desire in preference.

Rathoffite

RATH'OFFITE, noun A mineral brought from Sweden, of the garnet kind. Its color is a dingy brownish black, and it is accompanied with calcarious spar and small crystals of hornblend.

Phillips.

Ratification

RATIFICA'TION, noun [French; from ratify.]

1. The act of ratifying; confirmation.

2. The act of giving sanction and validity to something done by another; as the ratification of a treaty by the senate of the United States.

Ratified

RAT'IFIED, participle passive Confirmed; sanctioned; made valid.

Ratifier

RAT'IFIER, noun He or that which ratifies or sanctions.

Ratify

RAT'IFY, verb transitive [French ratifier; Latin ratum facio, to make firm.] To confirm; to establish; to settle.

We have ratified to them the borders of Judea. 1 Macc.

2. To approve and sanction; to make valid; as, to ratify an agreement or treaty.

Ratifying

RAT'IFYING, participle of the present tense Confirming; establishing; approving and sanctioning.

Rating

RA'TING, participle of the present tense [from rate.] Setting at a certain value; assigning rank to; estimating.

2. Chiding; reproving.

Ratio

RA'TIO, n. ra'sho. [Latin from ratus, reor, to think or suppose, to set, confirm or establish. Reor is contracted from redor or retor, and primarily signifies to throw, to thrust, hence to speak, to set in the mind, to think, like Latin suppono; and setting gives the sense of a fixed rate or rule. See Reason.]

Proportion, or the relation of homogeneous things which determines the quantity of one from the quantity of another, without the intervention of a third.

Encyc.

The relation which one quantity has to another of the same kind, as expressed by the quotient of the one divided by the other. Thus the ratio of 4 to 2 is 4/2, or 2; and the ratio of 5 to 6 is 5/6. This is geometrical ratio, which is that signified when the term is used without distinction; but arithmetical ratio is the difference between two quantities. Thus the arithmetical ratio of 2 to 6 is 4.

Ratio respects magnitudes of the same kind only. One line may be compared with another line, but a line cannot be compared with a superficies, and hence between a line and a superficies there can be no ratio.

Encyc.

Ratiocinate

RA'TIOCINATE, verb intransitive [Latin ratiocinor, from ratio, reason.] To reason; to argue. [Little used.]

Ratiocination

RATIOCINA'TION, noun [Latin ratiocinatio.] The act or process of reasoning, or of deducing consequences from premises. [See Reasoning.]

Brown. South.

Ratiocinative

RATIOC'INATIVE, adjective Argumentative; consisting in the comparison of propositions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the comparison; as a ratiocinative process. [A bad word and little used.]

Hale.

Ration

RA'TION, noun [French from Latin ratio, proportion.]

A portion or fixed allowance of provisions, drink and forage, assigned to each soldier in an army for his daily subsistence and for the subsistence of horses. Officers have several rations according to their rank or number of attendants. Seamen in the navy also have rations of certain articles.

Encyc.

Rational

RA'TIONAL, adjective [French rationnel; Italian razionale; Latin rationalis.]

1. Having reason or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason; opposed to irrational; as, man is a rational being; brutes are not rational animals.

It is our glory and happiness to have a rational nature.

Law.

2. Agreeable to reason; opposed to absurd; as a rational conclusion or inference; rational conduct.

3. Agreeable to reason; not extravagant.

4. Acting in conformity to reason; wise; judicious; as a rational man.

Rational

RA'TIONAL, noun A rational being.

Young.

Rationale

RATIONA'LE, noun A detail with reasons; a series of reasons assigned; as Dr. Sparrow's rationale of the Common Prayer.

2. An account or solution of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, &c.

Encyc.

Rationalist

RA'TIONALIST, noun One who proceeds in his disquisitions and practice wholly upon reason.

Bacon.

Rationality

RATIONAL'ITY, noun The power of reasoning.

God has made rationality the common portion of mankind.

Gov. of the Tongue.

2. Reasonableness.

Well directed intentions, whose rationalities will not bear a rigid examination.

Brown.

Rationally

RA'TIONALLY, adverb In consistency with reason; reasonably. We rationally expect every man will pursue his own happiness.

Rationalness

RA'TIONALNESS, noun The state of being rational or consistent with reason.

Ratlin

RAT'LIN, or RAT'LINE, noun A small line traversing the shrouds of a ship, making the step of a ladder for ascending to the mast-heads.

Mar. Dict.

Ratoon

RATOON', noun [Spanish retoÃƒ-±o; retoÃƒ-±ar, to sprout again.]

A sprout from the root of the sugar cane, which has been cut.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Ratsbane

RATS'BANE, noun [rat and bane.] Poison for rats; arsenic.

Swift.

Ratsbaned

RATS'BANED, adjective Poisoned by ratsbane.

Junius.

Rat-Tail

RAT'-TAIL, noun In farriery, an excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse.

Encyc.

Ratteen

RATTEEN', noun [Spanish ratina, ratteen, and a musk mouse.] A thick woolen stuff quilled or twilled.

Rattinet

RATTINET', noun A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.

Rattle

RAT'TLE, verb intransitive [Dutch ratelen, reutelen; German rasseln; Danish rasler; Swedish rassla; Greek, with a prefix. Qu. rate.]

1. To make a quick sharp noise rapidly repeated, by the collision of bodies not very sonorous. When bodies are sonorous, it is called jingling. We say, the wheels rattle over the pavement.

And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms.

Addison.

He fagoted his notions as they fell,

And if they rhym'd and rattl'd, all was well.

Dryden.

2. To speak eagerly and noisily; to utter words in a clattering manner.

Thus turbulent in rattling tone she spoke.

Dryden.

He rattles it out against popery.

Swift.

Rattle

RAT'TLE, verb transitive To cause to make a rattling sound or a rapid succession of sharp sounds; as, to rattle a chain.

Dryden.

2. To stun with noise; to drive with sharp sounds rapidly repeated.

Sound but another, and another shall,

As loud as thine, rattle the welkin's ear.

Shak.

3. To scold; to rail at clamorously; as, to rattle off servants sharply.

Arbuthnot.

Rattle

RAT'TLE, noun A rapid succession of sharp clattering sounds; as the rattle of a drum.

Prior.

2. A rapid succession of words sharply uttered; loud rapid talk; clamorous chiding.

3. An instrument with which a clattering sound is made.

The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough resemble each other.

Raleigh.

The rhymes and rattles of the man or boy.

Pope.

4. A plant of the genus Pedicularis, louse-wort.

Fam. of Plants.

Yellow rattle, a plant of the genus Rhinanthus.

Ibm.

Rattle-Headed

RAT'TLE-HEADED, adjective Noisy; giddy; unsteady.

Rattlesnake

RAT'TLESNAKE, noun A snake that has rattles at the tail, of the genus Crotalus. The rattles consist of articulated horny cells, which the animal vibrates in such a manner as to make a rattling sound. The poison of the rattlesnake is deadly.

Rattlesnake-Root

RATTLESNAKE-ROOT, noun A plant or root of the genus Polygala, and another of the genus Prenanthes.

Rattlesnake-Weed

RATTLESNAKE-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Eryngium.

Fam. of Plants.

Rattling

RAT'TLING, participle of the present tense Making a quick succession of sharp sounds.

Rattling

RAT'TLING, noun A rapid succession of sharp sounds. Nahum 3.

Raucity

RAU'CITY, noun [Latin raucus, hoarse. Raucus is the rough, which see.]

1. Hoarseness; a loud rough sound; as the raucity of a trumpet.

Bacon.

2. Among physicians, hoarseness of the human voice.

Raucous

RAU'COUS, adjective Hoarse; harsh. [Not in use.]

Raught

RAUGHT, the old participle of reach. Obs.

Raunch

RAUNCH. [See Wrench.]

Ravage

RAV'AGE, noun [French from ravir, to rob or spoil, Latin rapio. See Class Rb. No. 18. 19. 26. 27.]

1. Spoil; ruin; waste; destruction by violence, either by men, beasts or physical causes; as the ravage of a lion; the ravages of fire or tempest; the ravages of an army.

Would one think'twere possible for love

To make such ravage in a noble soul.

Addison.

2. Waste; ruin; destruction by decay; as the ravages of time.

Ravage

RAV'AGE, verb transitive [French ravager.] To spoil; to plunder; to pillage; to sack.

Already Cesar

Has ravag'd more than half the globe!

Addison.

2. To lay waste by any violent force; as, a flood or inundation ravages the meadows.

The shatter'd forest and the ravag'd vale.

Thomson.

3. To waste or destroy by eating; as fields ravaged by swarms of locusts.

Ravaged

RAV'AGED, participle passive Wasted; destroyed; pillaged.

Ravager

RAV'AGER, noun A plunderer; a spoiler; he or that which lays waste.

Swift.

Ravaging

RAV'AGING, participle of the present tense Plundering; pillaging; laying waste.

Rave

RAVE, verb intransitive [Dutch revelen, to rave, to revel; Spanish rabiar; Portugese raivar; Latin rabio, to rave, to rage or be furious; rabies, rage;

Italian rabbia, whence arrabbiare, to enrage; French rÃƒ-ªver, if not a contracted word; Danish raver, to reel. See Class Rb. No. 27. 34.]

1. To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk irrationally; to be wild.

When men thus rave, we may conclude their brains are turned.

Gov. of the Tongue.

2. To utter furious exclamations; to be furious or raging; as a madman.

Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast?

Addison.

3. To dote; to be unreasonably fond; followed by upon; as, to rave upon antiquity. [Hardly proper.]

Locke.

Rave

RAVE, noun The upper side-piece of timber of the body of a cart.

New England.

Ravel

RAVEL, v. t. rav'l. [Dutch raaffelen and ravelen. See Class Rb. No. 3. 4. 34. This word is used in opposite senses.]

1. To entangle; to entwist together; to make intricate; to involve; to perplex.

What glory's due to him that could divide

Such ravel'd int'rests, has the knot unty'd?

Waller.

2. To untwist; to unweave or unknot; to disentangle; as, to ravel out a twist; to ravel out a stocking.

Sleep, that knits up the ravel'd sleeve of care.

Shak.

3. To hurry or run over in confusion. [Not in use.]

Digby.

Ravel

RAVEL, v. i. rav'l. To fall into perplexity and confusion.

Till by their own perplexities involv'd,

They ravel more, still less resolv'd.

Milton.

2. To work in perplexities; to busy one's self with intricacies; to enter by winding and turning.

It will be needless to ravel far into the records of elder times.

Decay of Piety.

The humor of raveling into all these mystical or entangled mattersÃ‚--produced infinite disputes.

Temple.

3. To be unwoven.

Spenser.

[As far as my observation extends, ravel, in the United States, is used only in the second sense above, viz. to unweave, to separate the texture of that which is woven or knit; so that ravel and unravel are with us always synonymous. Etymology proves this to be the true sense of the word ravel.]

Raveled

RAV'ELED, participle passive Twisted together; made intricate; disentangled.

Ravelin

RAV'ELIN, noun [French id.; Spanish rebellin; Portugese rebelim; Italian ravellino.]

In fortification, a detached work with two faces which make a salient angle, without any flanks, and raised before the counterscarp of the place. In this it differs from a half moon, which is placed before an angle.

Encyc. Dict.

Raveling

RAV'ELING, participle of the present tense Twisting or weaving; untwisting; disentangling.

Raven

RAVEN, n. ra'vn. [Saxon hroefn, hrefn or roefn; German rabe; Dutch raaf. Qu. Hebrew, from its color. But this may be Latin corvus. The Saxon orthography would indicate that this fowl is named from pilfering; hreafian, reafian, to plunder, to rob, Latin rapio.]

A large fowl of a black color, of the genus Corvus.

Encyc.

Raven

RAVEN, v. t. rav'n. [German rauben; Danish rÃƒ-¶ver; Swedish roffa, rofva, to rob; Saxon reafian,

hreafian. But it is more nearly allied to Arabic raffa, to eat much, to pluck off in feeding. Class Rb. No. 12. See No. 18. 19. 34.]

1. To devour with great eagerness; to eat with voracity.

Our natures do pursue,

Like rats that raven down their proper bane,

A thirsty evil, and when we drink, we die.

Shak.

Like a roaring lion, ravening the prey. Ezekiel 22.

2. To obtain by violence.

Hakewill.

Raven

RAVEN, v. i. rav'n. To prey with rapacity.

Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. Genesis 49.

Raven

RAVEN, n. rav'n. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence. Nahum 2.

2. Rapine; rapacity.

Ray.

Ravened

RAV'ENED, participle passive Devoured with voracity.

Ravener

RAV'ENER, noun One that ravens or plunders.

Gower.

Ravening

RAV'ENING, participle of the present tense Preying with rapacity; voraciously devouring; as a ravening wolf.

Ravening

RAV'ENING, noun Eagerness for plunder. Luke 11.

Ravenous

RAV'ENOUS, adjective Furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; devouring with rapacious eagerness; as a ravenous wolf, lion or vulture.

Milton.

2. Eager for prey or gratification; as ravenous appetite or desire.

Shak.

Ravenously

RAV'ENOUSLY, adverb With raging voracity.

Burnet.

Ravenousness

RAV'ENOUSNESS, noun Extreme voracity; rage for prey; as the ravenousness of a lion.

Hale.

Ravens Duck

RAVEN'S DUCK, noun [German ravenstuch.] A species of sail cloth.

Tooke.

Raver

RA'VER, noun [from rave.] One that raves or is furious.

Ravet

RAV'ET, noun An insect shaped like a cock-chaffer, which infests the West Indies.

Encyc.

Ravin

RAVIN. [See Raven.]

Ravin

RAV'IN, adjective Ravenous. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ravin

RAV'IN, or RAVINE, noun [French ravin, from ravir, to snatch or tear away.] A long deep hollow worn by a stream or torrent of water; hence, any long deep hollow or pass through mountains, &c.

Raving

RA'VING, participle of the present tense or adjective Furious with delirium; mad; distracted.

Ravingly

RA'VINGLY, adverb With furious wildness or frenzy; with distraction.

Sidney.

Ravish

RAV'ISH, verb transitive [French ravir; Armoric raviÃƒ-§za; Saxon hreafian; Welsh rheibiaw; Latin rapio. See Class Rb. No. 18. 19. 26. 27.]

1. To seize and carry away by violence.

These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin,

Will quicken and accuse thee.

Shak.

This hand shall ravish thy pretended right.

Dryden.

2. To have carnal knowledge of a woman by force and against her consent. Isaiah 13. Zechariah 14.

3. To bear away with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy; to transport.

Thou hast ravished my heart. Cant. iv. Proverbs 5.

Ravished

RAV'ISHED, participle passive Snatched away by violence; forced to submit to carnal embrace; delighted to ecstasy.

Ravisher

RAV'ISHER, noun One that takes by violence.

Pope.

2. One that forces a woman to his carnal embrace.

3. One that transports with delight.

Ravishing

RAV'ISHING, participle of the present tense Snatching or taking by violence; compelling to submit to carnal intercourse; delighting to ecstasy.

2. adjective Delighting to rapture; transporting.

Ravishing

RAV'ISHING, noun A seizing and carrying away by violence.

2. Carnal knowledge by force against consent.

3. Ecstatic delight; transport.

Ravishingly

RAV'ISHINGLY, adverb To extremity of delight.

Chapman.

Ravishment

RAV'ISHMENT, noun The act of forcing a woman to carnal connection; forcible violation of chastity.

Taylor. Dryden.

2. Rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy; pleasing violence on the mind or senses.

All things joy with ravishment

Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.

Milton.

3. The act of carrying away; abduction; as the ravishment of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband.

Blackstone.

Raw

RAW, adjective [Saxon hreaw, reaw; Dutch raauw; German roh; Danish raa; Swedish rÃƒ-¥; Latin crudus; Spanish Italian crudo; French cru; Armoric criz or crih; Welsh crau, blood; cri, raw. In the Teutonic dialects, the last radical is lost or sunk to w or h, but the Saxon initial h represents the Latin c. Arabic aradza, to eat or corrode, Latin rodo, also to become raw. Class Rd. No. 35.]

1. Not altered from its natural state; not roasted, boiled or cooked; not subdued by heat; as raw meat.

Spenser.

2. Not covered with skin; bare, as flesh.

If there is quick raw flesh in the risings, it is an old leprosy. Leviticus 13.

3. Sore.

And all his sinews waxen weak and raw

Through long imprisonment.

Spenser.

4. Immature; unripe; not concocted.

Johnson.

5. Not altered by heat; not cooked or dressed; being in its natural state; as raw fruit.

6. Unseasoned; unexperienced; unripe in skill; as people while young and raw.

South.

So we say, raw troops; and new seamen are called raw hands.

7. New; untried; as a raw trick.

Shak.

8. Bleak; chilly; cold, or rather cold and damp; as a raw day; a raw cold climate.

Spenser.

Once upon a raw and gusty dayÃ‚--

Shak.

9. Not distilled; as raw water. [Not used.]

Bacon.

10. Not spun or twisted; as raw silk.

11. Not mixed or adulterated; as raw spirits.

12. Bare of flesh.

Spenser.

13. Not tried or melted and strained; as raw tallow.

14. Not tanned; as raw hides.

Raw-Boned

RAW'-BONED, adjective Having little flesh on the bones.

Shak.

Rawhead

RAW'HEAD, noun The name of a specter, mentioned to frighten children; as raw-head and bloody bones.

Dryden.

Rawish

RAW'ISH, adjective Somewhat raw; cool and damp. [Not much used.]

Marston.

Rawly

RAW'LY, adverb In a raw manner.

2. Unskillfully; without experience.

3. Newly.

Shak.

Rawness

RAW'NESS, noun The state of being raw; uncooked; unaltered by heat; as the rawness of flesh.

2. Unskillfulness; state of being inexperienced; as the rawness of seamen or troops.

3. Hasty manner. [Not legitimate.]

Shak.

4. Chilliness with dampness.

Ray

RAY, noun [French raie, rayon; Italian razzo, raggio, radio; Spanish Portugese rayo; from Latin radius; Welsh rhaiz; Irish riodh; Armoric rea, roudenn; Sanscrit radina. It coincides with rod and row, from shooting, extending. Hence in Welsh rhaiz is a spear, as well as a ray.]

1. A line of light, or the right line supposed to be described by a particle of light. A collection of parallel rays constitutes a beam; a collection of diverging or converging rays, a pencil.

Dutch Olmsted.

The mixed solar beam contains, 1st. calorific rays, producing heat and expansion, but not vision and color; 2d. colorific rays, producing vision and color, but not heat nor expansion; 3d. chimical rays, producing certain effects on the composition of bodies, but neither heat, expansion, vision or color; 4th. a power producing magnetism, but whether a distinct or associated power, is not determined. It seems to be associated with the violet, more than with the other rays.

Silliman.

2. Figuratively, a beam of intellectual light.

3. Light; luster.

The air sharpen'd his visual ray.

Milton.

4. In botany, the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate flower.

Martyn.

5. In ichthyology, a bony or cartilaginous ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving to support the membrane.

6. A plant, [lolium.]

Ainsworth.

7. Ray, for array. [Not in use.]

Spenser. B. Jonson.

Pencil of rays, a number of rays of light issuing from a point and diverging.

Encyc.

Ray

RAY, noun [French raie; Spanish raya; German roche.] A fish; a common name for the species of the genus Raia, including the skate, thornback, torpedo, stingray, &c.

Ray

RAY, verb transitive To streak; to mark with long lines.

Spenser. Shak.

2. To foul; to beray. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

3. To array. [Not in use.]

4. To shoot forth.

Thomson.

Rayless

RA'YLESS, adjective Destitute of light; dark; not illuminated.

Young.

Raze

RAZE, noun A root. [See Race-ginger, under Race.]

Raze

RAZE, verb transitive [French raser; Latin rasus, rado; Spanish arrasar. See Rase and Erase.]

1. To subvert from the foundation; to overthrow; to destroy; to demolish; as, to raze a city to the ground.

The royal hand that raz'd unhappy Troy.

Dryden.

2. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.

Razing the characters of your renown.

Shak.

[In this sense, rase and erase are now used.]

3. To extirpate.

And raze their factions and their family.

Shak.

Razed

RA'ZED, participle passive Subverted; overthrown; wholly ruined; erased; extirpated.

Razee

RAZEE', noun A ship of war cut down to a smaller size.

Razing

RA'ZING, participle of the present tense Subverting; destroying; erasing; extirpating.

Razor

RA'ZOR, noun [French rasoir; Italian rasoio; from French raser, Latin rasus, rado, to scrape.]

An instrument for shaving off beard or hair. Razors of a boar, a boar's tusks.

Razorable

RA'ZORABLE, adjective Fit to be shaved. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Razor-Bill

RA'ZOR-BILL, noun An aquatic fowl, the Alca torda; also, the Rhynchops nigra or cut-water.

Ed. Encyc.

Razor-Fish

RA'ZOR-FISH, noun A species of fish with a compressed body.

Razure

RA'ZURE, noun [French rasure; Latin rasura, from rado.]

The act of erasing or effacing; obliteration. [See Rasure.]

Re

RE, a prefix or inseparable particle in the composition of words, denotes return, repetition, iteration. It is contracted from red, which the Latins retained in words beginning with a vowel, as in redamo, redeo, redintegro; Arabic radda, to return, restore, bring back, repel, to answer. Class Rd. No. 1. From the Latin or the original Celtic, the Italians, Spanish and French have their re, ra, as prefixes. In a few English words, all or most of which, I believe, we receive from the French, it has lost its appropriate signification, as in rejoice, recommend, receive.

Reabsorb

REABSORB', verb transitive [re and absorb.] To draw in or imbibe again what has been effused, extravasated or thrown off; used of fluids; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, blood, gas, &c.

2. To swallow up again.

Reabsorbed

REABSORB'ED, participle passive Imbibed again.

Reabsorbing

REABSORB'ING, participle of the present tense Reimbibing.

Reabsorption

REABSORP'TION, noun The act or process of imbibing what has been previously thrown off, effused or extravasated; the swallowing a second time.

Lavoisier.

Reaccess

REACCESS', noun [re and access.] A second access or approach; a visit renewed.

Hakewill.

Reach

REACH, v. t. Raught, the ancient preterit, is obsolete. The verb is now regular; pp. reached. [Saxon racan, recan, roecan or hroecan; Gothic rakyan; Irish righim, roichim; Danish rekker; Dutch reiken, rekken; German reichen, recken; Swedish r?cka; Greek; Italian recere, to reach, retch or vomit; Latin rego, to rule or govern, to make right or straight, that is, to strain or stretch, the radical sense. The English sense of reach appears in Latin porrigo and porricio. We find in the Shemitic languages, Chaldee to desire, to long for, Syriac; and; to desire. This is the Greek, to reach, to stretch, the radical sense of desiring.

The latter Syriac word is the Hebrew to weave; but the primary sense is to stretch or strain. This verb in Arabic signifies to send forth a grateful smell, to breathe fragrance, the root of the Latin fragro. But the primary sense is the same, to reach, to extend, to shoot forth. The same word in Ethiopic signifies to congeal or condense, to make stiff or rigid. This is the Latin rigeo, Greek, and hence Latin frigeo, whence frigid. This sense also is from stretching or drawing, making tense or rigid. The radical sense of is the same, whence region, and the Hebrew the expanse of heaven or the firmament. The Latin rogo has the same radical sense, to reach, to urge. See Class Rg. No. 1. 8. 15. 18. 21.]

1. To extend; to stretch; in a general sense; sometimes followed by out and forth; as, to reach out the arm. Hence,

2. To extend to; to touch by extending, either the arm alone, or with an instrument in the hand; as, to reach a book on the shelf; I cannot reach the object with my cane; the seaman reaches the bottom of the river with a pole or a line.

3. To strike from a distance.

O patron power, thy present aid afford,

That I may reach the beast.

Dryden.

4. To deliver with the hand by extending the arm; to hand. He reached [to] me an orange.

He reached me a full cup.

2 Esdras.

5. To extend or stretch from a distance.

Reach hither thy fingerÃ‚--reach hither thy hand. John 20.

6. To arrive at; to come to. The ship reached her port in safety. We reached New York on Thursday. The letter reached me at seven o'clock.

7. To attain to or arrive at, by effort, labor or study; hence, to gain or obtain. Every artist should attempt to reach the point of excellence.

The best accounts of the appearances of nature which human penetration can reach, come short of its reality.

Cheyne.

8. To penetrate to.

Whatever alterations are made in the body, if they reach not the mind, there is no perception.

Locke.

9. To extend to so as to include or comprehend in fact or principle.

The law reached the intention of the promoters, and this act fixed the natural price of money.

Locke.

If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine.

Locke.

10. To extend to.

Thy desire leads to no excess that reaches blame.

Milton.

11. To extend; to spread abroad.

Trees reach'd too far their pampered boughs.

Milton.

12. To take with the hand.

Lest therefore now his bolder hand

Reach also of the tree of life and eat. [Unusual.]

Milton.

13. To overreach; to deceive.

South.

Reach

REACH, verb intransitive To be extended.

The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone.

Boyle.

The border shall descend, and shall reach to the side of the sea of Chinneretho eastward. Numbers 34.

And behold, a ladder set on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. Genesis 28.

2. To penetrate.

Ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth to heaven. 2 Chronicles 28.

3. To make efforts to vomit. [See Retch.]

Cheyne.

To reach after, to make efforts to attain to or obtain.

He would be in a posture of mind, reaching after a positive idea of infinity.

Locke.

Reach

REACH, noun In a general sense, extension; a stretching; extent.

2. The power of extending to, or of taking by the hand, or by any instrument managed by the hand. The book is not within my reach. The bottom of the sea is not within the reach of a line or cable.

3. Power of attainment or management, or the limit of power, physical or moral. He used all the means within his reach. The causes of phenomena are often beyond the reach of human intellect.

Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.

Pope.

4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or research; contrivance; scheme.

Ã‚--Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters which they least intended.

Hayward.

5. A fetch; an artifice to obtain an advantage.

The duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand, to cross the design.

Bacon.

6. Tendency to distant consequences.

Strain not my speech

To grosser issues, nor to larger reach

Than to suspicion.

Shak.

7. Extent.

And on the left hand, hell

With long reach interpos'd.

Milton.

8. Among seamen, the distance between two points on the banks of a river, in which the current flows in a straight course.

Mar. Dict.

9. An effort to vomit.

Reached

RE'ACHED, participle passive Stretched out; extended; touched by extending the arm; attained to; obtained.

Reacher

RE'ACHER, noun One that reaches or extends; one that delivers by extending the arm.

Reaching

RE'ACHING, participle of the present tense Stretching out; extending; touching by extension of the arm; attaining to; gaining; making efforts to vomit.

React

REACT', verb transitive [re and act.] To act or perform a second time; as, to react a play. The same scenes were reacted at Rome.

React

REACT', verb intransitive To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force. Every elastic body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.

2. To act in opposition; to resist any influence or power.

Reacted

REACT'ED, participle passive Acted or performed a second time.

Reacting

REACT'ING, participle of the present tense Acting again; in physics, resisting the impulse of another body.

Reaction

REAC'TION, noun In physics, counteraction; the resistance made by a body to the action or impulse of another body, which endeavors to change its state, either of motion or rest. Action and reaction are equal.

Newton. Arbuthnot.

2. Any action in resisting other action or power.

Read

READ, noun [Saxon roed. See the Verb.]

1. Counsel. [Obs.]

Sternhold.

2. Saying; sentence. Obs.

Spenser.

Read

READ, verb transitive The preterite and pp. read, is pronounced red. [Saxon roed, rad, red, speech, discourse, counsel, advice, knowledge, benefit, reason; roedan, redan, to read, to decree, to appoint, to command, to rule or govern, to conjecture, to give or take counsel; aroedan, to read, to tell, to narrate; geroedan, to read, to consult; gerad, mode, condition or state, reason, ratio or account, knowledge, instruction or learning, and as an adjective or participle, knowing, instructed, ready, suited; gerad beon, to be ready, to accord or agree; geradod, excited, quick. These significations unite this word with ready, which see. German rede, speech, talk, account; reden, to speak; Dutch rede, speech; reden, reason; Danish rede, account, and ready; German bereden, to berate; rath, advice, counsel, a council or senate; rathen, to advise, to conjecture or guess, to solve a riddle; Dutch raad, counsel, advice; raaden, to counsel; Swedish rÃƒ-¥d, Danish raad, counsel; rÃƒ-¥da, raader, to counsel, to instruct; Welsh rhaith, straight, right, that is, set right, decision, verdict; rheitheg, rhetoric, from rhaith; Danish ret, law, justice, right, reason; Swedish rÃƒ-¥tt, rÃƒ-¥tta, id.; Irish radh, a saying; radham, to say, tell, relate; Welsh adrawz, to tell or rehearse; Greek, for, to say or tell, to flow; a speaker, a rhetorician; Gothic rodyan, to speak. The primary sense of read is to speak, to utter, that is, to push, drive or advance. This is also the primary sense of ready, that is, prompt or advancing, quick. The Saxon gerad, ready, accords also in elements with the Welsh rhÃƒ-¢d, Latin gratia, the primary sense of which is prompt to favor, advancing towards, free. The elements of these words are the same as those of ride and Latin gradior, &c. The sense of reason is secondary, that which is uttered, said or set forth; hence counsel also. The Swedish rÃƒ-¥tta, Danish ret, if not contracted words, are from the same root. See Ready. Class Rd. No. 1. 3. 5. 9. 26.]

1. To utter or pronounce written or printed words, letters or characters in the proper order; to repeat the names or utter the sounds customarily annexed to words, letters or characters; as, to read a written or printed discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music.

2. To inspect and understand words or characters; to peruse silently; as, to read a paper or letter without uttering the words; to read to one's self.

3. To discover or understand by characters, marks or features; as, to read a man's thoughts in his countenance.

To read the interior structure of the globe.

Journ. of Science.

An armed corse did lie,

In whose dead face he read great magnanimity.

Spenser.

4. To learn by observation.

Those about her

From her shall read the perfect ways of honor.

Shak.

5. To know fully.

Who is't can read a woman?

Shak.

6. To suppose; to guess. Obs.

Spenser.

7. To advise. Obs.

Spenser.

Read

READ, verb intransitive To perform the act of reading.

So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense. Nehemiah 8.

2. To be studious; to practice much reading.

It is sure that Fleury reads.

Taylor.

3. To learn by reading.

I have read of an eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.

Swift.

4. To tell; to declare. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Read

READ, pp. red. Uttered; pronounced, as written words in the proper order; as, the letter was read to the family.

2. Silently perused.

Read

READ, a. red. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned. Well read is the phrase commonly used; as well read in history; well read in the classics.

A poet well read in LonginusÃ‚--

Addison.

Readable

RE'ADABLE, adjective That may be read; fit to be read.

Hurd.

Readeption

READEP'TION, noun [from Latin re and adeptus, obtained.]

A regaining; recovery of something lost. [Not much used.]

Bacon.

Reader

RE'ADER, noun One that reads; any person who pronounces written words; particularly, one whose office is to read prayers in a church.

2. By way of distinction, one that reads much; one studious in books.

Readership

RE'ADERSHIP, noun [See Read.] The office of reading prayers in a church.

Swift.

Readily

READILY, adv. red'ily. [See Ready.] Quickly; promptly; easily. I readily perceive the distinction you make.

2. Cheerfully; without delay or objection; without reluctance. He readily granted my request.

Readiness

READINESS, n. red'iness. [from ready.]

1. Quickness; promptness; promptitude; facility; freedom from hinderance or obstruction; as readiness of speech; readiness of thought; readiness of mind in suggesting an answer; readiness of reply.

2. Promptitude; cheerfulness; willingness; alacrity; freedom from reluctance; as, to grant a request or assistance with readiness.

They received the word with all readiness of mind. Acts 17.

3. A state of preparation; fitness of condition. The troops are in readiness.

Reading

RE'ADING, participle of the present tense Pronouncing or perusing written or printed words or characters of a book or writing.

2. Discovering by marks; understanding.

Reading

RE'ADING, noun The act of reading; perusal.

2. Study of books; as a man of extensive reading.

3. A lecture or prelection.

4. Public recital.

The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.

Hooker.

5. In criticism, the manner of reading the manuscripts of ancient authors, where the words or letters are obscure. No small part of the business of critics is to settle the true reading, or real words used by the author; and the various readings of different critics are often perplexing.

6. A commentary or gloss on a law, text or passage.

Encyc.

7. In legislation, the formal recital of a bill by the proper officer, before the house which is to consider it. In Congress and in the state legislatures, a bill must usually have three several readings on different days, before it can be passed into a law.

Readjourn

READJOURN', verb transitive [re and adjourn.] To adjourn a second time.

2. To cite or summon again. [Not used.]

Cotgrave.

Readjust

READJUST', verb transitive [re and adjust.] To settle again; to put in order again what had been discomposed.

Fielding.

Readjusted

READJUST'ED, participle passive Adjusted again; resettled.

Readjusting

READJUST'ING, participle of the present tense Adjusting again.

Readjustment

READJUST'MENT, noun A second adjustment.

Readmission

READMIS'SION, noun [re and admission.] The act of admitting again what had been excluded; as the readmission of fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the readmission of a student into a seminary.

Arbuthnot.

Readmit

READMIT', verb transitive [re and admit.] To admit again.

Whose ear is ever open and his eye

Gracious to readmit the suppliant.

Milton.

Readmittance

READMIT'TANCE, noun A second admittance; allowance to enter again.

Readopt

READOPT', verb transitive [re and adopt.] To adopt again.

Young.

Readorn

READORN', verb transitive To adorn anew; to decorate a second time.

Blackmore.

Readvertency

READVERT'ENCY, noun [re and advertency.] The act of reviewing.

Norris.

Ready

READY, a. red'y. [Saxon roed, hrad, hroed, quick, brisk, prompt, ready; gerad, prepared, ready, prudent, learned; hradian, gehradian, to hasten, to accelerate; geroedian, to make ready; Dutch reeden, to prepare; reed, pret. of ryden, to ride; reede, a road; bereid, ready; bereiden, to prepare; gereed, ready; German bereit, id.; bereiten, to prepare, and to ride; reede, a road; Danish rede, ready; reder, to make the bed, to rid; rede, an account; Saxon roed, from the root of read; bereder, to prepare; rider, berider, to ride; Swedish reda, to make ready, to clear or disentangle, to rid; redo, ready; rida, to ride; bereda, to prepare; Irish reidh, ready; reidhim, to prepare, to agree; Greek, easy; Welsh rhedu, to run. The primary sense is to go, move, or advance forward, and it seems to be clear that ready, ride, read, riddle, are all of one family, and probably from the root of Latin gradior. See Read and Red. Class Rd. No. 23.]

1. Quick; prompt; not hesitating; as ready wit; a ready consent.

2. Quick to receive or comprehend; not slow or dull; as a ready apprehension.

3. Quick in action or execution; dextrous; as an artist ready in his business; a ready writer. Psalm 45.

4. Prompt; not delayed; present in hand. He makes ready payment; he pays ready money for every thing he buys.

5. Prepared; fitted; furnished with what is necessary, or disposed in a manner suited to the purpose; as a ship ready for sea.

My oxen and fatlings are killed, and all things are ready. Matthew 22.

6. Willing; free; cheerful to do or suffer; not backward or reluctant; as a prince always ready to grant the reasonable requests of his subjects.

The spirit is ready, but the flesh is weak. Mark 14.

I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus. Acts 21.

7. Willing; disposed. Men are generally ready to impute blame to others. They are more ready to give than to take reproof.

8. Being at the point; near; not distant; about to do or suffer.

A Syrian ready to perish was my father. Deuteronomy 26. Job 29. Psalm 88.

9. Being nearest or at hand.

A sapling pine he wrench'd from out the ground,

The readiest weapon that his fury found.

Dryden.

10. Easy; facile; opportune; short; near, or most convenient; the Greek sense,.

Sometimes the readiest way which a wise man has to conquer, is to flee.

Hooker.

Through the wild desert, not the readiest way.

Milton.

The ready way to be thought mad, is to contend you are not so.

Spectator.

To make ready, to prepare; to provide and put in order.

2. An elliptical phrase, for make things ready; to make preparations; to prepare.

Ready

READY, adv. red'y. In a state of preparation, so as to need no delay.

We ourselves will go ready armed before the house of Israel. Numbers 32.

Ready

READY, n. red'y. For ready money.

Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear old debts. [A low word.]

Arbuthnot.

Ready

READY, v. t. red'y. To dispose in order; to prepare. [Not in use.]

Brooke.

Reaffirm

REAFFIRM', verb transitive [re and affirm.] To affirm a second time.

Reaffirmance

REAFFIRM'ANCE, noun A second confirmation.

Ayliffe.

Reagent

REA'GENT, noun [re and agent.] In chimistry, a substance employed to precipitate another in solution, or to detect the ingredients of a mixture.

Bergman reckons barytic muriate to be one of the most sensible reagents.

Fourcroy.

Reaggravation

REAGGRAVA'TION, noun [re and aggravation.]

In the Romish ecclesiastical law, the last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication. Before they proceed to fulminate the last excommunication, they publish an aggravation and a reaggravation.

Encyc.

Reak

REAK, noun A rush. [Not in use.]

Real

RE'AL, adjective [Low Latin realis; Italian reale; Spanish real; French reel; from Latin res, rei, Irish raod, red, rod. Res is of the Class Rd. from the root of read, ready, from rushing, driving or falling. Res, like thing, is primarily that which comes, falls out or happens, corresponding with event, from Latin evenio. Res then denotes that which actually exists. The Latin res and thing coincide exactly with the Hebrew, a word, a thing, an event. See Read and Thing.]

1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as a description of real life. The author describes a real scene or transaction.

2. True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit or factitious; as real Madeira wine; real ginger.

3. True; genuine; not affected; not assumed. The woman appears in her real character.

4. Relating to things, not to persons; not personal.

Many are perfect in men's humors, that are not greatly capable of the real part of business. [Little used or obsolete.]

Bacon.

5. In law, pertaining to things fixed, permanent or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as real estate, opposed to personal or movable property.

Blackstone.

Real action, in law, is an action which concerns real property.

Real assets, assets consisting in real estate, or lands and tenements descending to an heir, sufficient to answer the charges upon the estate created by the ancestor.

Chattels real, are such chattels as concern or savor of the reality; as a term for years of land, wardships in chivalry, the next presentation to a church, estate by statute-merchant, elegit, &c.

Real composition, is when an agreement is made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof.

Blackstone.

Real presence, in the Romish church, the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ.

Encyc.

Real

RE'AL, or RE'ALIST, noun A scholastic philosopher, who maintains that things and not words, are the objects of dialectics; opposed to nominal or nominalist.

Encyc.

Real

RE'AL, noun [Spanish] A small Spanish coin of the value of forty maravedis; but its value is different in different provinces, being from five or six to ten cents, or six pence sterling. It is sometimes written rial.

Realgar

RE'ALGAR, noun [French reagal or realgal; Portugese rosalgar, red algar.]

A combination of sulphur and arsenic; red sulphuret of arsenic. Realgar differs from orpiment in having undergone a greater degree of heat.

Chaptal. Nicholson.

Reality

REAL'ITY, noun [French realitÃƒ-©. Actual being or existence of any thing; truth; fact; in distinction from mere appearance.

A man may fancy he understands a critic, when in reality he does not comprehend his meaning.

Addison.

2. Something intrinsically important, not merely matter of show.

And to realities yield all her shows.

Milton.

3. In the schools, that may exist of itself,' or which has a full and absolute being of itself, and is not considered as a part of any thing else.

Encyc.

4. In law, immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of property; as chattels which savor of the realty. [This word is so written in law, for reality.]

Blackstone.

Realization

REALIZA'TION, noun [from realize.] The act of realizing or making real.

Beddoes.

2. The act of converting money into land.

3. The act of believing or considering as real.

4. The act of bringing into being or act.

Glanville.

Realize

RE'ALIZE, verb transitive [Spanish realizar; French realiser.]

1. To bring into being or act; as, to realize a scheme or project.

We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighing a single grain of sand against the globe of earth.

Glanville.

2. To convert money into land, or personal into real estate.

3. To impress on the mind as a reality; to believe, consider or treat as real. How little do men in full health realize their frailty and mortality.

Let the sincere christian realize the closing sentiment.

T. Scott.

4. To bring home to one's own case or experience; to consider as one's own; to feel in all its force. Who, at his fire side, can realize the distress of shipwrecked mariners?

This allusion must have had enhanced strength and beauty to the eye of a nation extensively devoted to a pastoral life, and therefore realizing all its fine scenes and the tender emotions to which they gave birth.

Dwight.

5. To bring into actual existence and possession; to render tangible or effective. He never realized much profit from his trade or speculations.

Realized

RE'ALIZED, participle passive Brought into actual being; converted into real estate; impressed, received or treated as a reality; felt in its true force; rendered actual, tangible or effective.

Realizing

RE'ALIZING, participle of the present tense Bringing into actual being; converting into real estate; impressing as a reality; feeling as one's own or in its real force; rendering tangible or effective.

2. adjective That makes real, or that brings home as a reality; as a realizing view of eternity.

Realledge

REALLEDGE, v. t. reallej'. [re and alledge.] To alledge again.

Cotgrave.

Really

RE'ALLY, adverb With actual existence.

Pearson.

2. In truth; in fact; not in appearance only; as things really evil.

The anger of the people is really a short fit of madness.

Swift.

In this sense, it is used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion or declaration.

Why really, sixty five is somewhat old.

Young.

Realm

REALM, n. relm. [French royaume; Italian reame; from French roi, Italian re, Latin rex, king, whence regalis, royal.]

1. A royal jurisdiction or extent of government; a kingdom; a king's dominions; as the realm of England.

2. Kingly government; as the realm of bees. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Realty

RE'ALTY, noun [Italian realtÃƒ- , from re, king, Latin rex.]

1. Loyalty. [Not in use.]

Milton.

2. Reality. [Not in use.]

More.

3. In law, immobility. [See Reality.]

Ream

REAM, noun [Saxon ream, a band; Dutch riem; Danish rem or reem; Swedish rem; Welsh rhwym, a bond or tie. The Dutch word signifies a strap, thong or girdle, and an oar, Latin remus. In French rame is a ream and an oar, and if the English ream and the Latin remus are the same word, the primary sense is a shoot, Latin ramus, a branch, for the shoots of trees or shrubs were the first bands used by men. See Gird and Withe. The Italian has risma, and the Spanish Portugese resma, a ream, German riess. See Class Rm. No. 7.9.]

A bundle or package of paper, consisting of twenty quires.

Pope.

Reanimate

REAN'IMATE, verb transitive [re and animate.] To revive; to resuscitate; to restore to life; as a person dead or apparently dead; as, to reanimate a drowned person.

2. To revive the spirits when dull or languide; to invigorate; to infuse new life or courage into; as, to reanimate disheartened troops; to reanimate drowsy senses or languid spirits.

Reanimated

REAN'IMATED, participle passive Restored to life or action.

Reanimating

REAN'IMATING, participle of the present tense Restoring life to; invigorating with new life and courage.

Reanimation

REANIMA'TION, noun The act or operation of reviving from apparent death; the act or operation of giving fresh spirits, courage or vigor.

Reannex

REANNEX', verb transitive [re and annex.] To annex again; to reunite; to annex what has been separated.

Bacon.

Reannexation

REANNEXA'TION, noun The act of annexing again.

Marshall.

Reannexed

REANNEX'ED, participle passive Annexed or united again.

Reannexing

REANNEX'ING, participle of the present tense Annexing again; reuniting.

Reap

REAP, verb transitive [Saxon rip, hrippe, gerip, harvest; ripan, to reap; ripe, ripe; rypan, to rip; allied probably to reafian, to seize, spoil, lay waste, Latin rapio, German reif, ripe, Dutch raapen, to reap, ryp, ripe, Greek, a sickle, to reap, Latin carpo, crop. See Class Rb. No. 18. 26. 27.]

1. To cut grain with a sickle; as, to reap wheat or rye.

When ye reap the harvest, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field. Leviticus 19.

2. To clear of a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.

3. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward, or as the fruit of labor or of works; in a good or bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from exertions.

He that soweth to the flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption. Galatians 6.

Ye have plowed wickedness; ye have reaped iniquity. Hosea 10.

Reap

REAP, verb intransitive To perform the act or operation of reaping. In New England, farmers reap in July and August.

2. To receive the fruit of labor or works.

They that sow in tears, shall reap in joy. Psalm 126.

Reaped

RE'APED, participle passive Cut with a sickle; received as the fruit of labor or works.

Reaper

RE'APER, noun One that cuts grain with a sickle.

Reaping

RE'APING, participle of the present tense Cutting grain with a sickle; receiving as the fruit of labor or the reward of works.

Reaping-Hook

RE'APING-HOOK, noun An instrument used in reaping; a sickle.

Reapparel

REAPPAR'EL, verb transitive [re and apparel.] To clothe again.

Donne.

Reappareled

REAPPAR'ELED, participle passive Clothed again.

Reappareling

REAPPAR'ELING, participle of the present tense Clothing again.

Reappear

REAPPE'AR, verb intransitive [re and appear.] To appear a second time.

Reappearance

REAPPE'ARANCE, noun A second appearance.

Reappearing

REAPPE'ARING, participle of the present tense Appearing again.

Reapplication

REAPPLICA'TION, noun [See Reapply.] A second application.

Reapply

REAPPLY', verb transitive or i. [re and apply.] To apply again.

Reapplying

REAPPLY'ING, participle of the present tense Applying again.

Reappoint

REAPPOINT', verb transitive To appoint again.

Reappointment

REAPPOINT'MENT, noun A second appointment.

Reapportion

REAPPORTION, verb transitive To apportion again.

Reapportioned

REAPPORTIONED, participle passive Apportioned again.

Reapportioning

REAPPORTIONING, participle of the present tense Apportioning again.

Reapportionment

REAPPORTIONMENT, noun A second apportionment.

Madison.

Rear

REAR, noun [French arriere; but this is compound; Armoric refr, rever, reor, the seat, the fundament; Welsh rhÃƒ-ªv, something thick, a bundle; rhevyr, the fundament. Rear is contracted from rever. Class Rb.]

1. In a general sense, that which is behind or backwards; appropriately, the part of an army which is behind the other, either when standing on parade or when marching; also, the part of a fleet which is behind the other. It is opposed to front or van. Bring up the rear.

2. The last class; the last in order.

Coins I place in the rear.

Peacham.

In the rear, behind the rest; backward, or in the last class. In this phrase, rear signifies the part or place behind.

Rear

REAR, adjective [Saxon hrere.] Raw; rare; not well roasted or boiled.

2. [Saxon aroeran, to hasten; hreran, to excite.] Early. [A provincial word.]

Rear

REAR, verb transitive [Saxon roeran, reran, aroeran, to erect, to excite, to hasten; hreran, to excite; Swedish r?ra, to move; Danish rÃƒ-¶rer, to move, stir, shake; rÃƒ-¶rig, quick, lively, rising in the stomach.]

1. To raise.

Who now shall rear you to the sun, or rank

Your tribes?

Milton.

2. To lift after a fall.

In adoration at his feet I fell

Submiss; he rear'd me.

Milton.

3. To bring up or to raise to maturity, as young; as, to rear a numerous offspring.

Thomson.

4. To educate; to instruct.

He wants a father to protect his youth,

And rear him up to virtue.

Southern.

5. To exalt; to elevate.

Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind,

Softens the high, and rears the abject mind.

Prior.

6. To rouse; to stir up.

And seeks the tusky boar to rear.

Dryden.

7. To raise; to breed; as cattle.

Harte.

8. To achieve; to obtain.

Spenser.

To rear the steps, to ascend; to move upward.

Milton.

Rear-Admiral

REAR-ADMIRAL. [See Admiral.]

Reared

RE'ARED, participle passive Raised; lifted; brought up; educated; elevated.

Rear-Guard

RE'AR-GU`ARD, noun The body of an army that marches in the rear of the main body to protect it.

Rearing

RE'ARING, participle of the present tense Raising; educating; elevating.

Rear-Line

REAR-LINE, noun The line in the rear of an army.

Rear-Mouse

RE'AR-MOUSE, noun [Saxon hrere-mus] The lether-winged bat.

Shak. Abbot.

Rear-Rank

REAR-RANK, noun The rank of a body of troops which is in the rear.

Rearward

RE'ARWARD, noun [from rear. See Rereward.]

1. The last troop; the rear-guard.

2. The end; the tail; the train behind.

Shak.

3. The latter part.

Shak.

Reascend

REASCEND', verb intransitive [re and ascend.] To rise, mount or climb again.

Milton. Spenser.

Reascend

REASCEND', verb transitive To mount or ascend again.

He mounts aloft and reascends the skies.

Addison.

Reascended

REASCEND'ED, participle passive Ascended again.

Reascending

REASCEND'ING, participle of the present tense Ascending again.

Reascension

REASCEN'SION, noun The act of reascending; a remounting.

Reascent

REASCENT', noun A returning ascent; acclivity.

Cowper.

Reason

REASON, n. re'zn. [Irish reasun; Welsh rheswm; Armoric resoun; French raison; Spanish razon; Portugese razam; Italian ragione; Latin ratio; Russian razum; Gothic rathyo, an account, number, ratio; rathyan, to number; garathyan, to number or count; rodyan, to speak; Dutch rede, speech; reden, reason, argument; redenkunst, rhetoric; German rede, reden; Saxon roed, roeda, speech, reason; roeswian, to reason. We find united the Saxon roed, speech, roedan, redan, to read, the Greek, to say or speak, whence rhetoric, and the Latin ratio, which is from ratus, and which proves reor to be contracted from redo, redor, and all unite with rod, Latin radius, &c. Primarily, reason is that which is uttered. See Read. So Greek, from.]

1. That which is thought or which is alledged in words, as the ground or cause of opinion, conclusion or determination. I have reasons which I may choose not to disclose. You ask me my reasons. I freely give my reasons. The judge assigns good reasons for his opinion, reasons which justify his decision. Hence in general,

2. The cause, ground, principle or motive of any thing said or done; that which supports or justifies a determination, plan or measure.

Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness. 1 Peter 3.

Tillotson.

3. Efficient cause. He is detained by reason of sickness.

Spain is thin sown of people, partly by reason of its sterility of soil.

Bacon.

The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel-watch is by motion of the next wheel.

Hale.

4. Final cause.

Reason, in the English language, is sometimes taken for true and clear principles; sometimes for clear and fair deductions; sometimes for the cause, particularly the final cause.

Locke.

5. A faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and which enables the possessor to deduce inferences from facts or from propositions.

Encyc.

Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul,

Reason's comparing balance rules the wholeÃ‚--

That sees immediate good by present sense,

Reason the future and the consequence.

Pope.

Reason is the director of man's will.

Hooker.

6. Ratiocination; the exercise of reason.

But when by reason she the truth has foundÃ‚--

Davies.

7. Right; justice; that which is dictated or supported by reason. Every man claims to have reason on his side.

I was promised on a time

To have reason for my rhyme.

Spenser.

8. Reasonable claim; justice.

God brings good out of evil, and therefore it were but reason we should trust God to govern his own world.

Taylor.

9. Rationale; just account.

This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called catholic.

Pearson. [See No. 1. and 2.]

10. Moderation; moderate demands; claims which reason and justice admit or prescribe.

The most probable way of bringing France to reason, would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West IndiesÃ‚--

Addison.

In reason, in all reason, in justice; with rational ground.

When any thing is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not in reason to doubt of its existence.

Tillotson.

Reason

RE'ASON, verb intransitive [French raisonner; Saxon roeswian.]

1. To exercise the faculty of reason; to deduce inferences justly from premises. Brutes do not reason; children reason imperfectly.

2. To argue; to infer conclusions from premises, or to deduce new or unknown propositions from previous propositions which are known or evident. To reason justly is to infer from propositions which are known, admitted or evident, the conclusions which are natural, or which necessarily result from them. Men may reason within themselves; they may reason before a court or legislature; they may reason wrong as well as right.

3. To debate; to confer or inquire by discussion or mutual communication of thoughts, arguments or reasons.

And they reasoned among themselves. Matthew 16.

To reason with, to argue with; to endeavor to inform, convince or persuade by argument. Reason with a profligate son, and if possible, persuade him of his errors.

2. To discourse; to talk; to take or give an account.

Stand still, that I may reason with you before the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord. Obs. 1 Samuel 12.

Reason

RE'ASON, verb transitive To examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss. I reasoned the matter with my friend.

When they are clearly discovered, well digested and well reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such a theory.

Burnet.

2. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a belief of truth; to reason one out of his plan; to reason down a passion.

Reasonable

RE'ASONABLE, adjective Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; as a reasonable being. [In this sense, rational is now generally used.]

2. Governed by reason; being under the influence of reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally or according to the dictates of reason; as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable men.

3. Conformable or agreeable to reason; just; rational.

By indubitable certainty, I mean that which does not admit of any reasonable cause of doubting.

Wilkins.

A law may be reasonable in itself, though a man does not allow it.

Swift.

4. Not immoderate.

Let all things be thought upon,

That may with reasonable swiftness add

More feathers to our wings.

Shak.

5. Tolerable; being in mediocrity; moderate; as a reasonable quantity.

Abbot.

6. Not excessive; not unjust; as a reasonable fine; a reasonable sum in damages.

Reasonableness

RE'ASONABLENESS, noun The faculty of reason. [In this sense, little used.]

2. Agreeableness to reason; that state or quality of a thing which reason supports or justifies; as the reasonableness of our wishes, demands or expectations.

The reasonableness and excellency of charity.

Law.

3. Conformity to rational principles.

The whole frame and contexture of a watch carries in it a reasonablenessÃ‚--the passive impression of the reason or intellectual idea that was in the artist. [Unusual.]

Hale.

4. Moderation; as the reasonableness of a demand.

Reasonably

RE'ASONABLY, adverb In a manner or degree agreeable to reason; in consistency with reason. We may reasonably suppose self interest to be the governing principle of men.

2. Moderately; in a moderate degree; not fully; in a degree reaching to mediocrity.

If we can by industry make our deaf and dumb persons reasonably perfect in the languageÃ‚--

Holder.

Reasoner

RE'ASONER, noun One who reasons or argues; as a fair reasoner; a close reasoner; a logical reasoner.

Reasoning

RE'ASONING, participle of the present tense Arguing; deducing inferences from premises; debating; discussing.

Reasoning

RE'ASONING, noun The act or process of exercising the faculty of reason; that act or operation of the mind by which new or unknown propositions are deduced from previous ones which are known and evident, or which are admitted or supposed for the sake of argument; argumentation; ratiocination; as fair reasoning; false reasoning; absurd reasoning; strong or weak reasoning. The reasonings of the advocate appeared to the court conclusive.

Reasonless

RE'ASONLESS, adjective Destitute of reason; as a reasonless man or mind.

Shak. Raleigh.

2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason.

This proffer is absurd and reasonless.

Shak.

Reassemblage

REASSEM'BLAGE, noun Assemblage a second time.

Reassemble

REASSEM'BLE, verb transitive [re and assemble.] To collect again.

Milton.

Reassemble

REASSEM'BLE, verb intransitive To assemble or convene again.

Reassembled

REASSEM'BLED, participle passive Assembled again.

Reassembling

REASSEM'BLING, participle of the present tense Assembling again.

Reassert

REASSERT', verb transitive [re and assert.] To assert again; to maintain after suspension or cessation.

Let us hopeÃ‚--we may have a body of authors who will reassert our claim to respectability in literature.

Walsh.

Reasserted

REASSERT'ED, participle passive Asserted or maintained anew.

Reasserting

REASSERT'ING, participle of the present tense Asserting again; vindicating anew.

Reassign

REASSIGN, verb transitive [re and assign.] To assign back; to transfer back what has been assigned.

Reassimilate

REASSIM'ILATE, verb transitive [re and assimilate.]

To assimilate or cause to resemble anew; to change again into a like or suitable substance.

Encyc.

Reassimilated

REASSIM'ILATED, participle passive Assimilated anew; changed again to a like substance.

Reassimilating

REASSIM'ILATING, participle of the present tense Assimilating again.

Reassimilation

REASSIMILA'TION, noun A second or renewed assimilation.

Encyc.

Reassume

REASSU'ME, verb transitive [re and assume.] To resume; to take again.

Milton.

Reassumed

REASSU'MED, participle passive Resumed; assumed again.

Reassuming

REASSU'MING, participle of the present tense Assuming or taking again.

Reassumption

REASSUMP'TION, noun A resuming; a second assumption.

Reassu-Rance

REASSU'-RANCE, noun [See Sure and Assurance.]

A second assurance against loss; or the assurance of property by an underwriter, to relieve himself from a risk he has taken.

Blackstone. Park.

Reassure

REASSURE, v. t. reasshu're. [re and assure; French rassurer.]

1. To restore courage to; to free from fear or terror.

They rose with fear,

Till dauntless Pallas reassur'd the rest.

Dryden.

2. To insure a second time against loss, or rather to insure by another what one has already insured; to insure against loss that may be incurred by taking a risk.

Reassured

REASSU'RED, participle passive Restored from fear; re-encouraged.

2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as an underwriter.

Reassurer

REASSU'RER, noun One who insures the first underwriter.

Reassuring

REASSU'RING, participle of the present tense Restoring from fear, terror or depression of courage.

2. Insuring against loss by insurance.

Reastiness

RE'ASTINESS, noun Rancidness. [Not in use or local.]

Cotgrave.

Reasty

RE'ASTY, adjective [Qu. rusty.] Covered with a kind of rust and having a rancid taste; applied to dried meat. [Not in use or local.]

Skelton.

Reate

RE'ATE, noun A kind of long small grass that grows in water and complicates itself. [Not in use or local.]

Walton.

Reattach

REATTACH', verb transitive [re and attach.] To attach a second time.

Reattachment

REATTACH'MENT, noun A second attachment.

Reattempt

REATTEMPT', verb transitive [re and attempt.] To attempt again.

Reave

REAVE, verb transitive [Saxon reafian.] To take away by stealth or violence; to bereave. Obs. [See Bereave.]

Shak. Spenser.

Rebaptism

REBAP'TISM, noun A second baptism.

Rebaptization

REBAPTIZA'TION, noun [from rebaptize.] A second baptism.

Hooker.

Rebaptize

REBAPTI'ZE, verb transitive [re and baptize.] To baptize a second time.

Ayliffe.

Rebaptized

REBAPTI'ZED, participle passive Baptized again.

Rebaptizing

REBAPTI'ZING, participle of the present tense Baptizing a second time.

Rebate

REBA'TE, verb transitive [French rebattre; re and battre; Italian ribattere.]

To blunt; to beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness.

He doth rebate and blunt his natural edge.

Shak.

The keener edge of battle to rebate.

Dryden.

Rebate

REBA'TE, or REBA'TEMENT, noun Diminution.

2. In commerce, abatement in price; deduction.

Encyc.

3. In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of the bearings in a coat of arms.

Encyc.

Rebato

REBA'TO, noun A sort of ruff. [See Rabato.]

Rebeck

RE'BECK, noun [French rebec; Italian ribecca.] A three stringed fiddle. [Not much used.]

Milton.

Rebel

REB'EL, noun [French rebelle, from Latin rebellis, making war again.

1. One who revolts from the government to which he owes allegiance, either by openly renouncing the authority of that government, or by taking arms and openly opposing it. A rebel differs from an enemy, as the latter is one who does not owe allegiance to the government which he attacks. Numbers 17.

2. One who willfully violates a law.

Encyc.

3. One who disobeys the king's proclamation; a contemner of the king's laws.

British Laws. Blackstone.

4. A villain who disobeys his lord.

Encyc.

Rebel

REB'EL, adjective Rebellious; acting in revolt.

Milton.

Rebel

REBEL', verb intransitive [Latin rebello, to make war again; re and bello; Welsh rhyvela, to make war; rhy and bel, war.]

1. To revolt; to renounce the authority of the laws and government to which one owes allegiance. Subjects may rebel by an open renunciation of the authority of the government, without taking arms; but ordinarily, rebellion is accompanied by resistance in arms.

Ye have built you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the Lord. Joshua 22. Isaiah 1.

2. To rise in violent opposition against lawful authority.

How could my hand rebel against my heart?

How could your heart rebel against your reason?

Dryden.

Rebelled

REBEL'LED, participle passive or adjective Rebellious; guilty of rebellion.

Milton.

Rebeller

REBEL'LER, noun One that rebels.

Dict.

Rebelling

REBEL'LING, participle of the present tense Renouncing the authority of the government to which one owes allegiance; rising in opposition to lawful authority.

Rebellion

REBEL'LION, noun [French from Latin rebellio. Among the Romans, rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.]

1. An open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes allegiance; or the taking of arms traitorously to resist the authority of lawful government; revolt. Rebellion differs from insurrection and from mutiny. Insurrection may be a rising in opposition to a particular act or law, without a design to renounce wholly all subjection to the government. Insurrection may be, but is not necessarily, rebellion. Mutiny is an insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their officers.

No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed, than men of desperate principles resort to it.

Ames.

2. Open resistance to lawful authority.

Commission of rebellion, in law, a commission awarded against a person who treats the king's authority with contempt, in not obeying his proclamation according to his allegiance, and refusing to attend his sovereign when required; in which case, four commissioners are ordered to attach him wherever he may be found.

Blackstone.

Rebellious

REBEL'LIOUS, adjective Engaged in rebellion; renouncing the authority and dominion of the government to which allegiance is due; traitorously resisting government or lawful authority. Deuteronomy 9, 21.

Rebelliously

REBEL'LIOUSLY, adverb With design to throw off the authority of legitimate government; in opposition to the government to which one is bound by allegiance; with violent or obstinate disobedience to lawful authority.

Camden.

Rebelliousness

REBEL'LIOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being rebellious.

Rebellow

REBEL'LOW, verb intransitive [re and bellow.] To bellow in return; to echo back a loud roaring noise.

The cave rebellow'd and the temple shook.

Dryden.

Rebellowing

REBEL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Bellowing in return or in echo.

Reblossom

REBLOS'SOM, verb intransitive [re and blossom.] To blossom again.

Reboation

REBOA'TION, noun [Latin reboo; re and boo.] The return of a loud bellowing sound. [Not used.]

Patrick.

Reboil

REBOIL', verb intransitive [Latin re and bullio.] To take fire; to be hot.

Elyot.

Rebound

REBOUND', verb intransitive [French rebondir; re and bondir.]

To spring back; to start back; to be reverberated by an elastic power resisting force or impulse impressed; as a rebounding echo.

Bodies absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of elasticity, will not rebound from one another.

Newton.

Rebound

REBOUND', verb transitive To drive back; to reverberate.

Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound.

Dryden.

Rebound

REBOUND', noun The act of flying back in resistance of the impulse of another body; resilience.

Put back as from a rock with swift rebound.

Dryden.

Rebounding

REBOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Springing or flying back; reverberating.

Rebrace

REBRA'CE, verb transitive [re and brace.] To brace again.

Gray.

Rebreathe

REBRE'ATHE, verb intransitive [re and breathe.] To breathe again.

Rebuff

REBUFF', noun [Italian rabbuffo; French rebuffade; re and Italian buffa, buffare, French bouffer.]

1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance.

The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud.

Milton.

2. Sudden check; defeat.

3. Refusal; rejection of solicitation.

Rebuff

REBUFF', verb transitive To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check.

Rebuild

REBUILD', or REBILD', verb transitive [re and build.] To build again; to renew a structure; to build or construct what has been demolished; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf or a city.

Rebuilding

REBUILD'ING, or REBILD'ING, participle of the present tense Building again.

Rebuilt

REBUILT', or REBILT', participle passive Built again; reconstructed.

Rebukable

REBU'KABLE, adjective [from rebuke.] Worthy of reprehension.

Shak.

Rebuke

REBU'KE, verb transitive [Norm. rebuquer; Armoric rebechat, to reproach. Qu. French reboucher, to stop; re and boucher, to stop. The Italian has rimbeccare, to repulse or drive back, to peck, from becco, the beak. The word is a compound of re and a root in Bg, signifying to drive. See Pack and Impeach. Class Bg. No. 20.]

1. To chide; to reprove; to reprehend for a fault; to check by reproof.

The proud he tam'd, the penitent he cheer'd,

Nor to rebuke the rich offender fear'd.

Dryden.

Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor. Leviticus 19.

2. To check or restrain.

The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan. Zechariah 3. Isaiah 17.

3. To chasten; to punish; to afflict for correction.

O Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger. Psalm 6.

4. To check; to silence.

Master, rebuke thy disciples. Luke 19.

5. To check; to heal.

And he stood over her and rebuked the fever. Luke 4.

6. To restrain; to calm.

He arose and rebuked the winds and the sea. Matthew 8.

Rebuke

REBU'KE, noun A chiding; reproof for faults; reprehension.

Why bear you these rebukes and answer not?

Shak.

2. In Scripture, chastisement; punishment; affliction for the purpose of restraint and correction. Ezekiel 5. Hosea 5.

3. In low language, any kind of check.

L'Estrange.

To suffer rebuke, to endure the reproach and persecution of men. Jeremiah 15.

To be without rebuke, to live without giving cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.

Rebuked

REBU'KED, participle passive Reproved; reprehended; checked; restrained; punished for faults.

Rebukeful

REBU'KEFUL, adjective Containing or abounding with rebukes.

Rebukefully

REBU'KEFULLY, adverb With reproof or reprehension.

Rebuker

REBU'KER, noun One that rebukes; a chider; one that chastises or restrains.

Rebuking

REBU'KING, participle of the present tense Chiding; reproving; checking; punishing.

Rebullition

REBULLI'TION, noun [See Ebullition and Boil.] Act of boiling or effervescing. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Rebury

REBURY, v. t. reber'ry. [re and bury.] To inter again.

Ashmole.

Rebus

RE'BUS, noun [Latin from res, which is of the class Rd, Rs, and of the same family as riddle. See Riddle, Read and Real.]

1. An enigmatical representation of some name, &c. by using figures or pictures instead of words. A gallant in love with a woman named Rose Hill, painted on the border of his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf and a well, which reads, Rose Hill I love well.

Encyc.

2. A sort of riddle.

3. In some chimical writers, sour milk; sometimes, the ultimate matter of which all bodies are composed.

Encyc.

4. In heraldry, a coat of arms which bears an allusion to the name of the person; as three cups, for Butler.

Encyc.

Rebut

REBUT', verb transitive [French rebuter; Norm. rebutter; from the root of but, French bout, end; bouter, to put; bouder, to pout; Italian ributtare, to drive back, also to vomit. See Butt and Pout. Class Bd.]

To repel; to oppose by argument, plea or countervailing proof. [It is used by lawyers in a general sense.]

Rebut

REBUT', verb intransitive To retire back. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To answer, as a plaintif's sur-rejoinder.

The plaintif may answer the rejoinder by a sur-rejoinder; on which the defendant may rebut.

Blackstone.

Rebutted

REBUT'TED, participle passive Repelled; answered.

Rebutter

REBUT'TER, noun In law pleadings, the answer of a defendant to a plaintif's sur-rejoinder.

Blackstone.

If I grant to a tenant to hold without impeachment of waste, and afterward implead him for waste done, he may debar me of this action by showing my grant, which is a rebutter.

Encyc.

Rebutting

REBUT'TING, participle of the present tense Repelling; opposing by argument, countervailing allegation or evidence.

Recall

RECALL', verb transitive [re and call.] To call back; to take back; as, to recall words or declarations.

2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; as, to recall a decree.

3. To call back; to revive in memory; as, to recall to mind what has been forgotten.

Broome.

4. To call back from a place or mission; as, to recall a minister from a foreign court; to recall troops from India.

Recall

RECALL', noun A calling back; revocation.

2. The power of calling back or revoking.

'Tis done, and since 'tis done, 'tis past recall.

Dryden.

Recallable

RECALL'ABLE, adjective That may be recalled.

Ramsay.

Delegates recallable at pleasure.

Madison.

Recalled

RECALL'ED, participle passive Called back; revoked.

Recalling

RECALL'ING, participle of the present tense Calling back; revoking.

Recant

RECANT', verb transitive [Latin recanto; re and canto. See Cant.]

To retract; to recall; to contradict a former declaration.

How soon would ease recant

Vows made in pain, as violent as void.

Milton.

Recant

RECANT', verb intransitive To recall words; to revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what has been said. Convince me I am wrong, and I will recant.

Recantation

RECANTA'TION, noun The act of recalling; retraction; a declaration that contradicts a former one.

Sidney.

Recanted

RECANT'ED, participle passive Recalled; retracted.

Recanter

RECANT'ER, noun One that recants.

Shak.

Recanting

RECANT'ING, participle of the present tense Recalling; retracting.

Recapacitate

RECAPAC'ITATE, verb transitive [re and capacitate.] To qualify again; to confer capacity on again.

Atterbury.

Recapacitated

RECAPAC'ITATED, participle passive Capacitated again.

Recapacitating

RECAPAC'ITATING, participle of the present tense Conferring capacity again.

Recapitulate

RECAPIT'ULATE, verb transitive [French recapituler; Italian raccapitolare; re and Latin capitulum. See Capitulate.]

To repeat the principal things mentioned in a preceding discourse, argument or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points or arguments.

Dryden.

Recapitulated

RECAPIT'ULATED, participle passive Repeated in a summary.

Recapitulating

RECAPIT'ULATING, participle of the present tense Repeating the principal things in a discourse or argument.

Recapitulation

RECAPITULA'TION, noun The act of recapitulating.

2. A summary or concise statement or enumeration of the principal points or facts in a preceding discourse, argument or essay.

South.

Recapitulatory

RECAPIT'ULATORY, adjective Repeating again; containing recapitulation.

Garretson.

Recaption

RECAP'TION, noun [Latin re and captio; capio, to take.]

The act of retaking; reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife or children from one who has taken them and wrongfully detains them.

Blackstone.

Writ of recaption, a writ to recover property taken by a second distress, pending a replevin for a former distress for the same rent or service.

Blackstone.

Recaptor

RECAP'TOR, noun [re and captor.] One who retakes; one that takes a prize which had been previously taken.

Recapture

RECAP'TURE, noun [re and capture.] The act of retaking; particularly, the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.

2. A prize retaken.

Recapture

RECAP'TURE, verb transitive To retake; particularly, to retake a prize which had been previously taken.

Du Ponceau.

Recaptured

RECAP'TURED, participle passive Retaken.

Recapturing

RECAP'TURING, participle of the present tense Retaking, as a prize from the captor.

Recarnify

REC'ARNIFY, verb transitive [re and carnify, from Latin caro, flesh.]

To convert again into flesh. [Not much used.]

Howell.

Recarried

RECAR'RIED, participle passive Carried back or again.

Recarry

RECAR'RY, verb transitive [re and carry.] To carry back.

Walton.

Recarrying

RECAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Carrying back.

Recast

REC`AST, verb transitive [re and cast.] To cast again; as, to recast cannon.

2. To throw again.

Florio.

3. To mold anew.

Burgess.

4. To compute a second time.

Recast

REC`AST, participle passive Cast again; molded anew.

Recasting

REC`ASTING, participle of the present tense Casting again; molding anew.

Recede

RECE'DE, verb intransitive [Latin recedo; re and cedo.]

1. To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.

Like the hollow roar

Of tides receding from th' insulted shore.

Dryden.

All bodies moved circularly, endeavor to recede from the center.

Bentley.

2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist from; to relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; as, to recede from a demand; to recede from terms or propositions.

Recede

RECE'DE, verb transitive [re and cede.] To cede back; to grant or yield to a former possessor; as, to recede conquered territory.

Receded

RECE'DED, participle passive Ceded back; regranted.

Receding

RECE'DING, participle of the present tense Withdrawing; retreating; moving back.

2. Ceding back; regranting.

Receipt

RECE'IPT, or RECE'IT, n. recee't. [Italian ricetta, from the Latin receptus. This word ought to follow the analogy of conceit, deceit, from Latin conceptus, deceptus, and be written without p, receit.]

1. The act of receiving; as the receit of a letter.

2. The place of receiving; as the receit of custom. Matthew 9.

3. Reception; as the receit of blessings or mercies.

4. Reception; welcome; as the kind receit of a friend. Obs.

[In this sense, reception is now used.]

5. Recipe; prescription of ingredients for any composition, as of medicines, &c.

Dryden. Arbuthnot.

6. In commerce, a writing acknowledging the taking of money or goods. A receit of money may be in part or in full payment of a debt, and it operates as an acquittance or discharge of the debt either in part or in full. A receit of goods makes the receiver liable to account for the same, according to the nature of the transaction, or the tenor of the writing. It is customary for sherifs to deliver goods taken in execution, to some person who gives his receit for them, with a promise to redeliver them to the sherif at or before the time of sale.

Receipt

RECEIPT, or RECEIT, v. t. recee't. To give a receit for; as, to receit goods delivered by a sherif.

Receivable

RECE'IVABLE, adjective That may be received.

Receivableness

RECE'IVABLENESS, noun Capability of being received.

Whitlock.

Receive

RECE'IVE, verb transitive [French recevoir; Armoric receff, recevi; Italian ricevere; Spanish recibir; Portugese receber; Latin recipio; re and capio, to take.]

1. To take, as a thing offered or sent; to accept. He had the offer of a donation, but he would not receive it.

2. To take as due or as a reward. He received the money on the day it was payable. He received ample compensation.

3. To take or obtain from another in any manner, and either good or evil.

Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? Job 2.

4. To take, as a thing communicated; as, to receive a wound by a shot; to receive a disease by contagion.

The idea of solidity we receive by our touch.

Locke.

5. To take or obtain intellectually; as, to receive an opinion or notion from others.

6. To embrace.

Receive with meekness the engrafted word. James 1.

7. To allow; to hold; to retain; as a custom long received.

8. To admit.

Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Psalm 73.

9. To welcome; to lodge and entertain; as a guest.

They kindled a fire and received us every one, because of the present rain and because of the cold. Acts 28.

10. To admit into membership or fellowship.

Him that is weak in the faith, receive ye. Romans 14.

11. To take in or on; to hold; to contain.

The brazen altar was too little to receive the burnt-offering. 1 Kings 8.

12. To be endowed with.

Ye shall receive power after that the Holy Spirit has come upon you. Acts 1.

13. To take into a place or state.

After the Lord had spoken to them, he was received up into heaven. Mark 16.

14. To take or have as something ascribed; as, to receive praise or blame. Revelation 4, 5.

15. To bear with or suffer. 2 Corinthians 11.

16. To believe in. John 1.

17. To accept or admit officially or in an official character. The minister was received by the emperor or court.

18. To take stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen.

Blackstone.

Received

RECE'IVED, participle passive Taken; accepted; admitted; embraced; entertained; believed.

Receivedness

RECE'IVEDNESS, noun General allowance or belief; as the receivedness of an opinion.

Boyle.

Receiver

RECE'IVER, noun One who takes or receives in any manner.

2. An officer appointed to receive public money; a treasurer.

Bacon.

3. One who takes stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the guilt of partaking in the crime.

Blackstone.

4. A vessel for receiving and containing the product of distillation.

5. The vessel of an air pump, for containing the thing on which an experiment is to be made.

6. One who partakes of the sacrament.

Taylor.

Receiving

RECE'IVING, participle of the present tense Taking; accepting; admitting; embracing; believing; entertaining.

Recelebrate

RECEL'EBRATE, verb transitive [re and celebrate.] To celebrate again.

B. Jonson.

Recelebrated

RECEL'EBRATED, participle passive Celebrated anew.

Recelebrating

RECEL'EBRATING, participle of the present tense Celebrating anew.

Recelebration

RECELEBRA'TION, noun A renewed celebration.

Recency

RE'CENCY, noun [Latin recens.] Newness; new state; late origin; as the recency of a wound or tumor.

2. Lateness in time; freshness; as the recency of a transaction.

Recense

RECENSE, v. t. recens'. [Latin recenseo; re and censeo.]

To review; to revise.

Bentley.

Recension

RECEN'SION, noun [Latin recensio.] Review; examination; enumeration.

Evelyn.

Recent

RE'CENT, adjective [Latin recens.] New; being of late origin or existence.

The ancients believed some parts of Egypt to be recent, and formed by the mud discharged into the sea by the Nile.

Woodward.

2. Late; modern; as great and worthy men ancient or recent. [Modern is now used.]

Bacon.

3. Fresh; lately received; as recent news or intelligence.

4. Late; of late occurrence; as a recent event or transaction.

5. Fresh; not long dismissed, released or parted from; as Ulysses, recent from the storms.

Pope.

Recently

RE'CENTLY, adverb Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as advices recently received; a town recently built or repaired; an isle recently discovered.

Recentness

RE'CENTNESS, noun Newness; freshness; lateness of origin or occurrence; as the recentness of alluvial land; the recentness of news or of events.

Receptacle

RECEP'TACLE, noun [Latin receptaculum, from receptus, recipio.]

1. A place or vessel into which something is received or in which it is contained, as a vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, &c. The grave is the common receptacle of the dead.

2. In botany, one of the parts of the fructification; the base by which the other parts of the fructification are connected. A proper receptacle belongs to one fructification only; a common receptacle connects several florets or distinct fructifications. The receptacle of the fructification is common both to the flower and the fruit, or it embraces the corol and germ. The receptacle of the flower, is the base to which the parts of the flower, exclusive of the germ, are fixed. The receptacle of the fruit, is the base of the fruit only. The receptacle of the seeds, is the base to which the seeds are fixed.

Martyn.

3. In anatomy, the receptacle of the chyle is situated on the left side of the upper verteber of the loins, under the aorta and the vessels of the left kidney.

Encyc.

Receptacular

RECEPTAC'ULAR, adjective In botany, pertaining to the receptacle or growing on it, as the nectary.

Receptary

REC'EPTARY, noun Thing received. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Receptibility

RECEPTIBIL'ITY, noun The possibility of receiving.

Glanville.

[Qu. The possibility of being received.]

Reception

RECEP'TION, noun [French; Latin receptio.] The act of receiving; in a general sense; as the reception of food into the stomach, or of air into the lungs.

2. The state of being received.

Milton.

3. Admission of any thing sent or communicated; as the reception of a letter; the reception of sensation or ideas.

4. Readmission.

All hope is lost

Of my reception into grace.

Milton.

5. Admission of entrance for holding or containing; as a sheath fitted for the reception of a sword; a channel for the reception of water.

6. A receiving or manner of receiving for entertainment; entertainment. The guests were well pleased with their reception. Nothing displeases more than a cold reception.

7. A receiving officially; as the reception of an envoy by a foreign court.

8. Opinion generally admitted.

Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their countries, have fallen into as extravagant opinions, as even common reception countenanced. [Not in use.]

Locke.

9. Recovery. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Receptive

RECEP'TIVE, adjective Having the quality of receiving or admitting what is communicated.

Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies.

Glanville.

Receptivity

RECEPTIV'ITY, noun The state or quality of being receptive.

Fotherby.

Receptory

RECEP'TORY, adjective Generally or popularly admitted or received. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Recess

RECESS', noun [Latin recessus, from recedo. See Recede.]

1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; as the recess of the tides.

2. A withdrawing from public business or notice; retreat; retirement.

My recess hath given them confidence that I may be conquered.

K. Charles.

And every neighbouring grove

Sacred to soft recess and gentle love.

Prior.

3. Departure.

Glanville.

4. Place of retirement or secrecy; private abode.

This happy place, our sweet Recess.

Milton.

5. State of retirement; as lords in close recess.

Milton.

In the recess of the jury, they are to consider their evidence.

Hale.

6. Remission or suspension of business or procedure; as, the house of representatives had a recess of half an hour.

7. Privacy; seclusion from the world or from company.

Good verse recess and solitude requires.

Dryden.

8. Secret or abstruse part; as the difficulties and recesses of science.

Watts.

9. A withdrawing from any point; removal to a distance.

Brown.

10. [French recez.] An abstract or registry of the resolutions of the imperial diet. [Not in use.]

Ayliffe.

11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or of a lake from the general line of the shore, forming a bay.

Recession

RECES'SION, noun [Latin recessio.] The act of withdrawing, retiring or retreating.

2. The act of receding from a claim, or of relaxing a demand.

South.

3. A cession or granting back; as the recession of conquered territory to its former sovereign.

Rechange

RECHANGE, verb transitive [French rechanger; re and change.] To change again.

Rechanged

RECHANGED, participle passive Changed again.

Rechanging

RECHANGING, participle of the present tense Changing again.

Recharge

RECH`ARGE, verb transitive [French recharger; re and charge.]

1. To charge or accuse in return.

Hooker.

2. To attack again; to attack anew.

Dryden.

Recharged

RECH`ARGED, participle passive Accused in return; attacked anew.

Recharging

RECH`ARGING, participle of the present tense Accusing in return; attacking anew.

Recheat

RECHE'AT, noun [said to be from Old French.]

Among hunters, a lesson which the huntsman winds on the horn when the hounds have lost the game, to call them back from pursuing a counter scent.

Bailey. Shak.

Recheat

RECHE'AT, verb transitive To blow the recheat.

Drayton.

Rechoose

RECHOOSE, v. t. rechooz'. To choose a second time.

Rechosen

RECHOSEN, participle passive or a. recho'zn. Re-elected; chosen again.

Recidivation

RECIDIVA'TION, noun [Latin recidivus, from recido, to fall back; re and cado, to fall.]

A falling back; a backsliding. [Not much used.]

Hammond.

Recidivous

RECID'IVOUS, adjective [Latin recidivus.] Subject to backslide. [Little used.]

Recipe

RECIPE, n. res'ipy. [Latin imperative of recipio, to take.]

A medical prescription; a direction of medicines to be taken by a patient.

Encyc.

Recipient

RECIP'IENT, noun [Latin recipiens, recipio.] A receiver; the person or thing that receives; he or that to which any thing is communicated.

Glanville.

2. The receiver of a still.

Decay of Piety.

Reciprocal

RECIP'ROCAL, adjective [Latin reciprocus; Spanish Italian reciproco; French reciproque.]

1. Acting in vicissitude or return; alternate.

Corruption is reciprocal to generation.

Bacon.

2. Mutual; done by each to the other; as reciprocal love; reciprocal benefits or favors; reciprocal duties; reciprocal aid.

3. Mutually interchangeable.

These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing defined.

Watts.

Reciprocal terms, in logic, those terms that have the same signification, and consequently are convertible and may be used for each other.

Encyc.

Reciprocal quantities, in mathematics, are those which, multiplied together, produce unity.

Encyc.

Reciprocal figures, in geometry, are those which have the antecedents and consequents of the same ratio in both figures.

Encyc.

Reciprocal ratio, is the ratio between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of 4 to 9, is that of 1/4 to 1/9.

Reciprocal

RECIP'ROCAL, noun The reciprocal of any quantity, is unity divided by that quantity. Thus the reciprocal of 4 is 1/4.

Reciprocally

RECIP'ROCALLY, adverb Mutually; interchangeably; in such a manner that each affects the other and is equally affected by it.

These two particles do reciprocally affect each other with the same force.

Bentley.

Reciprocalness

RECIP'ROCALNESS, noun Mutual return; alternateness.

Decay of Piety.

Reciprocate

RECIP'ROCATE, verb intransitive [Latin reciproco; French reciproquer.] To act interchangeably; to alternate.

One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies,

And draws and blows reciprocating air.

Dryden.

Reciprocate

RECIP'ROCATE, verb transitive To exchange; to interchange; to give and return mutually; as, to reciprocate favors.

Reciprocated

RECIP'ROCATED, participle passive Mutually given and returned; interchanged.

Reciprocating

RECIP'ROCATING, participle of the present tense Interchanging; each giving or doing to the other the same thing.

Reciprocation

RECIPROCA'TION, noun [Latin reciprocatio.]

1. Interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning; as the reciprocation of kindnesses.

2. Alternation; as the reciprocation of the sea in the flow and ebb of tides.

Brown.

3. Regular return or alternation of two symptoms or diseases.

Coxe.

Reciprocity

RECIPROC'ITY, noun [French reciprocitÃƒ-©.] Reciprocal obligation or right; equal mutual rights or benefits to be yielded or enjoyed. The commissioners offered to negotiate a treaty on principles of reciprocity.

Recision

RECI'SION, noun s as z. [Latin recisio, from recido, to cut off; re and coedo.]

The act of cutting off.

Sherwood.

Recital

RECI'TAL, noun [from recite.] Rehearsal; the repetition of the words of another or of a writing; as the recital of a deed; the recital of testimony.

Encyc.

2. Narration; a telling of the particulars of an adventure or of a series of events.

Addison.

3. Enumeration.

Prior.

Recitation

RECITA'TION, noun [Latin recitatio.] Rehearsal; repetition of words.

Hammond. Temple.

2. In colleges and schools, the rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.

Recitative

RECIT'ATIVE, adjective [French recitatif; Italian recitalivo. See Recite.]

Reciting; rehearsing; pertaining to musical pronunciation.

Dryden.

Recitative

RECIT'ATIVE, noun A kind of musical pronunciation, such as that in which the several parts of the liturgy are rehearsed in churches, or that of actors on the stage, when they express some action or passion, relate some event or reveal some design.

Encyc.

In recitative, the composer and the performer endeavor to imitate the inflections, accent and emphasis of natural speech.

Busby.

[Note. The natural and proper English accent of this word is on the second syllable. The foreign accent may well be discarded.]

Recitatively

RECIT'ATIVELY, adverb In the manner of recitative.

Recite

RECI'TE, verb transitive [Latin recito; re and cito, to call or name.]

1. To rehearse; to repeat the words of another or of a writing; as, to recite the words of an author or of a deed or covenant.

2. In writing, to copy; as, the words of a deed are recited in the pleading.

3. To tell over; to relate; to narrate; as, to recite past events; to recite the particulars of a voyage.

4. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.

5. To enumerate.

Recite

RECI'TE, verb intransitive To rehearse a lesson. The class will recite at eleven o'clock.

American Seminaries.

Recite

RECITE, for recital. [Not in use.]

Recited

RECI'TED, participle passive Rehearsed; told; repeated; narrated.

Reciter

RECI'TER, noun One that recites or rehearses; a narrator.

Reciting

RECI'TING, participle of the present tense Rehearsing; telling; repeating; narrating.

Reck

RECK, verb intransitive [Saxon recan, reccan, to say, to tell, to narrate, to reckon, to care, to rule or govern, Latin rego. The primary sense is to strain. Care is a straining of the mind. See Rack and Reckon.]

To care; to mind; to rate at much; as we say, to reckon much of; followed by of. Obs.

Thou's but a lazy loorde,

And recks much of thy swinke.

Spenser.

I reck as little what betideth me,

As much I wish all good befortune you.

Shak.

Of night or loneliness it recks me not.

Milton.

Reck

RECK, verb transitive To heed; to regard; to care for.

This son of mine not recking danger.

Sidney.

[This verb is obsolete unless in poetry. We observe the primary sense and application in the phrase, "it recks me not," that is, it does not strain or distress me; it does not rack my mind. To reck danger is a derivative form of expression, and a deviation from the proper sense of the verb.]

Reckless

RECK'LESS, adjective Careless; heedless; mindless.

I made the king as reckless, as them diligent.

Sidney.

Recklessness

RECK'LESSNESS, noun Heedlessness; carelessness; negligence.

Sidney.

[These words, formerly disused, have been recently revived.]

Reckon

RECKON, v. t. rek'n. [Saxon recan, reccan, to tell, to relate, to reck or care, to rule, to reckon; Dutch reckenen, to count or compute; German rechnen, to count, to reckon, to esteem, and recken, to stretch, to strain, to rack; Swedish r?kna, to count, to tell; Danish regner, to reckon, to count, to rain. The Saxon word signifies not only to tell or count, but to reck or care, and to rule or govern; and the latter signification proves it to be the Latin rego, rectus, whence regnum, regno, to reign, and hence Saxon reht, riht, right, German recht, &c. The primary sense of the root is to strain, and right is strained, stretched to a straight line; hence we see that these words all coincide with reach, stretch and rack, and we say, we are racked with care. It is probable that wreck and wretched are from the same root. Class Rg. No. 18. 21.]

1. To count; to number; that is, to tell the particulars.

The priest shall reckon to him the money, according to the years that remain, even to the year of jubilee, and it shall be abated. Leviticus 27.

I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.

Addison.

2. To esteem; to account; to repute. Romans 8.

For him I reckon not in high estate.

Milton.

3. To repute; to set in the number or rank of.

He was reckoned among the transgressors. Luke 22.

4. To assign in an account. Romans 4.

5. To compute; to calculate.

Addison.

Reckon

RECK'ON, verb intransitive To reason with one's self and conclude from arguments.

I reckoned till morning, that as a lion, so will he break all my bones. Isaiah 38.

2. To charge to account; with on.

I call posterity

Into the debt, and reckon on her head.

B. Jonson.

3. To pay a penalty; to be answerable; with for.

If they fail in their bounden duty, they shall reckon for it one day.

Sanderson.

To reckon with, to state an account with another, compare it with his account, ascertain the amount of each and the balance which one owes to the other. In this manner the countrymen of New England who have mutual dealings, reckon with each other at the end of each year, or as often as they think fit.

After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them. Matthew 25.

2. To call to punishment.

God suffers the most grievous sins of particular persons to go unpunished in this world, because his justice will have another opportunity to meet and reckon with them.

Tillotson.

To reckon on or upon, to lay stress or dependence on. He reckons on the support of his friends.

Reckoned

RECKONED, pp. rek'nd. Counted; numbered; esteemed; reputed; computed; set or assigned to in account.

Reckoner

RECKONER, n. rek'ner. One who reckons or computes.

Reckoners without their host must reckon twice.

Camden.

Reckoning

RECKONING, ppr. rek'ning. Counting; computing; esteeming; reputing; stating an account mutually.

Reckoning

RECK'ONING, noun The act of counting or computing; calculation.

2. An account of time.

Sandys.

3. A statement of accounts with another; a statement and comparison of accounts mutually for adjustment; as in the proverb, "short reckonings make long friends."

The way to make reckonings even, is to make them often.

South.

4. The charges or account made by a host.

A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a reckoning.

Addison.

5. Account taken. 2 Kings 22.

6. Esteem; account; estimation.

You make no further reckoning of beauty, than of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.

Sidney.

7. In navigation, an account of the ship's course and distance calculated from the log-board without the aid of celestial observation. This account from the log-board, is called the dead reckoning.

Mar. Dict.

Reckoning-Book

RECK'ONING-BOOK, noun A book in which money received and expended is entered.

Johnson.

Reclaim

RECLA'IM, verb transitive [French reclamer; Latin reclamo; re and clamo, to call. See Claim.]

1. To claim back; to demand to have returned. The vender may reclaim the goods.

Z. Swift.

2. To call back from error, wandering or transgression, to the observance of moral rectitude; to reform; to bring back to correct deportment or course of life.

It is the intention of Providence in its various expressions of goodness, to reclaim mankind.

Rogers.

3. To reduce to the state desired.

Much labor is requir'd in trees, to tame

Their wild disorder, and in ranks reclaim.

Dryden.

4. To call back; to restrain.

Or is her tow'ring flight reclaim'd

By seas from Icarus' downfall nam'd?

Prior.

5. To recall; to cry out against.

The headstrong horses hurried Octavius along, and were deaf to his reclaiming them. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

6. To reduce from a wild to a tame or domestic state; to tame; to make gentle; as, to reclaim a hawk, an eagle or a wild beast.

Dryden.

7. To demand or challenge; to make a claim; a French use.

8. To recover.

Spenser.

9. In ancient customs, to pursue and recall, as a vassal.

Encyc.

10. To encroach on what has been taken from one; to attempt to recover possession.

A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually reclaiming its prior occupancy.

Coxe, Switz.

Reclaim

RECLA'IM, verb intransitive To cry out; to exclaim.

Pope.

Reclaimable

RECLA'IMABLE, adjective That may be reclaimed, reformed or tamed.

Reclaimant

RECLA'IMANT, noun One that opposes, contradicts or remonstrates against.

Waterland.

Reclaimed

RECLA'IMED, participle passive Recalled from a vicious life; reformed; tamed; domesticated; recovered.

Reclaiming

RECLA'IMING, participle of the present tense Recalling to a regular course of life; reforming; recovering; taking; demanding.

Reclamation

RECLAMA'TION, noun Recovery.

2. Demand; challenge of something to be restored; claim made.

Gallatin.

Reclinate

REC'LINATE, adjective [Latin reclinatus. See Recline.]

In botany, reclined, as a leaf; bent downwards, so that the point of the leaf is lower than the base.

Martyn.

A reclinate stem is one that bends in an arch towards the earth.

Lee.

Reclination

RECLINA'TION, noun The act of leaning or reclining.

Recline

RECLI'NE, verb transitive [Latin reclino; re and clino, to lean.]

To lean back; to lean to one side or sidewise; as, to recline the head on a pillow, or on the bosom of another, or on the arm.

The mother

Reclin'd her dying head upon his breast.

Dryden.

Recline

RECLI'NE, verb intransitive To lean; to rest or repose; as, to recline on a couch.

Recline

RECLI'NE, adjective [Latin reclinis.] Leaning; being in a leaning posture.

They sat recline

On the soft downy bank damask'd with flowers. [Little used.]

Milton.

Reclined

RECLI'NED, participle passive Inclined back or sidewise.

Reclining

RECLI'NING, participle of the present tense Leaning back or sidewise; resting; lying.

Reclose

RECLO'SE, v. t. s as z. [re and close.] To close or shut again.

Pope.

Reclosed

RECLO'SED, participle passive Closed again.

Reclosing

RECLO'SING, participle of the present tense Closing again.

Reclude

RECLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin recludo; re and claudo, cludo.] To open. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Recluse

RECLU'SE, adjective [French reclus, from Latin reclusus, recludo, but with a signification directly opposite.]

Shut up; sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice; solitary; as a recluse monk or hermit; a recluse life.

I all the live-long day

Consume in meditation deep, recluse From human converse.

Philips.

Recluse

RECLU'SE, noun A person who live in retirement or seclusion from intercourse with the world; as a hermit or monk.

2. A person who confines himself to a cell in a monastery.

Reclusely

RECLU'SELY, adverb In retirement or seclusion from society.

Recluseness

RECLU'SENESS, noun Retirement; seclusion from society.

Reclusion

RECLU'SION, n. s as z. A state of retirement from the world; seclusion.

Reclusive

RECLU'SIVE, adjective Affording retirement from society.

Shak.

Recoagulation

RECOAGULA'TION, noun [re and coagulation.] A second coagulation.

Boyle.

Recoct

RECOCT', adjective [Latin recoctus, recoquo.] New vamped. [Not used.]

Taylor.

Recognition

RECOGNITION, n. reconish'on or recognish'on. [Latin recognitio.]

1. Acknowledgment; formal avowal; as the recognition of a final concord on a writ of covenant.

Bacon.

2. Acknowledgment; memorial.

White.

3. Acknowledgment; solemn avowal by which a thing is owned or declared to belong to. or by which the remembrance of it is revived.

The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly memorials, solemn recognition in the church of God.

Hooker.

4. Knowledge confessed or avowed; as the recognition of a thing present; memory of it as passed.

Grew.

Recognitor

RECOGNITOR, n. recon'itor. One of a jury upon assize.

Blackstone.

Recognizable

RECOGNIZABLE, a. recon'izable. [from recognize.] That may be recognized or acknowledged.

Orient. Collections.

Recognizance

RECOGNIZANCE, n. recon'izance. [French reconnoisance.]

1. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession; as the recognizance of christians, by which they avow their belief in their religion.

Hooker.

2. In law, an obligation of record which a man enters into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the assizes, to keep the peace or pay a debt. This recognizance differs from a bond, as it does not create a new debt, but it is the acknowledgment of a former debt on record. This is witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal. There is also a recognizance in the nature of a statute staple, acknowledged before either of the chief justices or their substitutes, the mayor of the staple at Westminster and the recorder of London, which is to be enrolled and certified into chancery.

Blackstone.

3. The verdict of a jury impanneled upon assize.

Cowell.

Recognize

RECOGNIZE, v. t. rec'onize. [Italian riconoscere; Spanish reconocer; French reconnoitre; Latin recognosco; re and cognosco, to know. The g in these words has properly no sound in English. It is not a part of the root of the word, being written merely to give to con the French sound of gn, or that of the

Spanish Ãƒ-±, and this sound does not properly belong to our language.]

2. To recollect or recover the knowledge of, either with an avowal of that knowledge or not. We recognize a person at a distance, when we recollect that we have seen him before, or that we have formerly known him. We recognize his features or his voice.

Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen.

Harte.

2. To review; to re-examine.

South.

Recognize

REC'OGNIZE, verb intransitive To enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal. A B recognized in the sum of twenty pounds.

Recognized

REC'OGNIZED, participle passive Acknowledged; recollected as known; bound by recognizance.

Recognizee

RECOGNIZEE, n. reconizee'. The person to whom a recognizance is made.

Blackstone.

Recognizing

REC'OGNIZING, participle of the present tense Acknowledging; recollecting as known; entering a recognizance.

Recognizor

RECOGNIZOR, n. reconizor'. One who enters into a recognizance.

Blackstone.

Recoil

RECOIL', verb intransitive [French reculer, to draw back; recul, a recoil; Armoric arguila; French cul, Spanish culo, Armoric gil, guil, the back part; Welsh ciliaw, to recede; Italian rinculare; Spanish recular.]

1. To move or start back; to roll back; as, a cannon recoils when fired; waves recoil from the shore.

2. To fall back; to retire.

Milton.

3. To rebound; as, the blow recoils.

Dryden.

4. To retire; to flow back; as, the blood recoils with horror at the sight.

5. To start back; to shrink. Nature recoils at the bloody deed.

6. To return. The evil will recoil upon his own head.

Recoil

RECOIL', verb transitive To drive back. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Recoil

RECOIL', noun A starting or falling back; as the recoil of fire-arms; the recoil of nature or the blood.

Recoiling

RECOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Starting or falling back; retiring; shrinking.

Recoiling

RECOIL'ING, noun The act of starting or falling back; a shrinking; revolt.

South.

Recoilingly

RECOIL'INGLY, adverb With starting back or retrocession.

Recoin

RECOIN', verb transitive [re and coin.] To coin again; as, to recoin gold or silver.

Recoinage

RECOIN'AGE, noun The act of coining anew.

2. That which is coined anew.

Recoined

RECOIN'ED, participle passive Coined again.

Recoining

RECOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Coining anew.

Recollect

RECOLLECT', verb transitive [re and collect; Latin recolligo, recollectus.]

1. To collect again; applied to ideas that have escaped from the memory; to recover or call back ideas to the memory. I recollect what was said at a former interview; or I cannot recollect what was said.

2. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory. I met a man whom I thought I had seen before, but I could not recollect his name, or the place where I had seen him. I do not recollect you, sir.

3. To recover resolution or ? of mind.

The Tyrian queen

Admir'd his fortunes, more admir'd the man, Then recollected stood.

Dryden.

[In this sense, collected is more generally used.]

Re-Collect

RE-COLLECT', verb transitive To gather again; to collect what has been scattered; as, to re-collect routed troops.

Recollected

RECOLLECT'ED, participle passive Recalled to the memory.

Recollecting

RECOLLECT'ING, participle of the present tense Recovering to the memory.

Recollection

RECOLLEC'TION, noun The act of recalling to the memory, as ideas that have escaped; or the operation by which ideas are recalled to the memory or revived in the mind. Recollection differs from remembrance, as it is the consequence of volition, or an effort of the mind to revive ideas; whereas remembrance implies no such volition. We often remember things without any voluntary effort. Recollection is called also reminiscence.

2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance. The events mentioned are not within my recollection.

3. In popular language, recollection is used as synonymous with remembrance.

Recollective

RECOLLECT'IVE, adjective Having the power of recollecting.

Foster.

Recollet

REC'OLLET, noun [Spanish Portugese recoleto.] A monk of a reformed order of Franciscans.

Recombination

RECOMBINA'TION, noun Combination a second time.

Recombine

RECOMBI'NE, verb transitive [re and combine.] To combine again.

If we recombine these two elastic fluids.

Lavoisier.

Recombined

RECOMBI'NED, participle passive Combined anew.

Recombining

RECOMBI'NING, participle of the present tense Combining again.

Recomfort

RECOMFORT, verb transitive [re and comfort. To comfort again; to console anew.

Sidney.

2. To give new strength.

Bacon.

Recomforted

RECOMFORTED, participle passive Comforted again.

Recomforting

RECOMFORTING, participle of the present tense Comforting again.

Recomfortless

RECOMFORTLESS, adjective Without comfort. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Recommence

RECOMMENCE, v. t. recommens'. [re and commence.] To commence again; to begin anew.

Recommenced

RECOMMEN'CED, participle passive Commenced anew.

Recommencing

RECOMMEN'CING, participle of the present tense Beginning again.

Recommend

RECOMMEND', verb transitive [re and commend; French recommander.]

1. To praise to another; to offer or commend to another's notice, confidence or kindness by favorable representations.

Maecenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus.

Dryden.

[In this sense, commend, though less common, is the preferable word.]

2. To make acceptable.

A decent boldness ever meets with friends,

Succeeds, and ev'n a stranger recommends.

Pope.

3. To commit with prayers.

Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren to the grace of God. Acts 15.

[Commend here is much to be preferred.]

Recommendable

RECOMMEND'ABLE, adjective That may be recommended; worthy of recommendation or praise.

Glanville.

Recommendation

RECOMMENDA'TION, noun The act of recommending or of commending; the act of representing in a favorable manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confidence or civilities of another. We introduce a friend to a stranger by a recommendation of his virtues or accomplishments.

2. That which procures a kind or favorable reception. The best recommendation of a man to favor is politeness. Misfortune is a recommendation to our pity.

Recommendatory

RECOMMEND'ATORY, adjective That commends to another; that recommends.

Madison. Swift.

Recommended

RECOMMEND'ED, participle passive Praised; commended to another.

Recommender

RECOMMEND'ER, noun One who commends.

Recommending

RECOMMEND'ING, participle of the present tense Praising to another; commending.

Recommission

RECOMMIS'SION, verb transitive [re and commission.] To commission again.

Officers whose time of service had expired, were to be recommissioned.

Marshall.

Recommissioned

RECOMMIS'SIONED, participle passive Commissioned again.

Recommissioning

RECOMMIS'SIONING, participle of the present tense Commissioning again.

Recommit

RECOMMIT', verb transitive [re and commit.] To commit again; as, to recommit persons to prison.

Clarendon.

2. To refer again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to the same committee.

Recommitment

RECOMMIT'MENT, noun A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a committee.

Recommitted

RECOMMIT'TED, participle passive Committed anew; referred again.

Recommitting

RECOMMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Committing again; referring again to a committee.

Recommunicate

RECOMMU'NICATE, verb intransitive [re and communicate.] To communicate again.

Recompact

RECOMPACT', verb transitive [re and compact.] To join anew.

Repair

And recompact my scatter'd body.

Donne.

Recompensation

RECOMPENSA'TION, noun Recompense. [Not used.]

Recompense

REC'OMPENSE, verb transitive [French recompenser; re and compenser.]

1. To compensate; to make return of an equivalent for any thing given, done or suffered; as, to recompense a person for services, for fidelity or for sacrifices of time, for loss or damages.

The word is followed by the person or the service. We recompense a person for his services, or we recompense his kindness. It is usually found more easy to neglect than to recompense a favor.

2. To requite; to repay; to return an equivalent; in a bad sense.

Recompense to no man evil for evil. Romans 12.

3. To make an equivalent return in profit or produce. The labor of man is recompensed by the fruits of the earth.

4. To compensate; to make amends by any thing equivalent.

SolymanÃ‚--said he would find occasion for them to recompense that disgrace.

Knolles.

5. To make restitution or an equivalent return for. Numbers 5.

Recompense

REC'OMPENSE, noun An equivalent returned for any thing given, done or suffered; compensation; reward; amends; as a recompense for services, for damages, for loss, &c.

2. Requital; return of evil or suffering or other equivalent; as a punishment.

To me belongeth vengeance and recompense. Deuteronomy 32.

And every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense of reward. Hebrews 2.

Recompensed

REC'OMPENSED, participle passive Rewarded; requited.

Recompensing

REC'OMPENSING, participle of the present tense Rewarding; compensating; requiting.

Recompilement

RECOMPI'LEMENT, noun [re and compilement.] New compilation or digest; as a recompilement of laws.

Bacon.

Recompose

RECOMPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [re and compose.]

1. To quiet anew; to compose or tranquilize that which is ruffled or disturbed; as, to recompose the mind.

Taylor.

2. To compose anew; to form or adjust again.

We produced a lovely purple which we can destroy or recompose at pleasure.

Boyle.

Recomposed

RECOMPO'SED, participle passive Quieted again after agitation; formed anew; composed a second time.

Recomposing

RECOMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Rendering tranquil after agitation; forming or adjusting anew.

Recomposition

RECOMPOSI'TION, noun Composition renewed.

Reconcilable

RECONCI'LABLE, adjective Capable of being reconciled; capable of renewed friendship. The parties are not reconcilable.

2. That may be made to agree or be consistent; consistent.

The different accounts of the numbers of ships are reconcilable.

Arbuthnot.

3. Capable of being adjusted; as, the difference between the parties is reconcilable.

Reconcilableness

RECONCI'LABLENESS, noun The quality of being reconcilable; consistency; as the reconcilableness of parts of Scripture which apparently disagree.

2. Possibility of being restored to friendship and harmony.

Reconcile

RECONCI'LE, verb transitive [French reconcilier; Latin reconcilio; re and concilio; con and calo, to call. Greek. The literal sense is to call back into union.]

1. To conciliate anew; to call back into union and friendship the affections which have been alienated; to restore to friendship or favor after estrangement; as, to reconcile men or parties that have been at variance.

Go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brotherÃ‚-- Matthew 5.

We pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. 2 Corinthians 5. Ephesians 2. Colossians 1.

2. To bring to acquiescence, content or quiet submission; with to; as, to reconcile one's self to afflictions. It is our duty to be reconciled to the dispensations of Providence.

3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; followed by with or to.

The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.

Locke.

Some figures monstrous and misshap'd appear,

Considered singly, or beheld too near;

Which but proportion'd to their light and place,

Due distance reconciles to form and grace.

Pope.

4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences or quarrels.

Reconciled

RECONCI'LED, participle passive Brought into friendship from a state of disagreement or enmity; made consistent; adjusted.

Reconcilement

RECONCI'LEMENT, noun Reconciliation; renewal of friendship. Animosities sometimes make reconcilement impracticable.

2. Friendship renewed.

No cloud

Of anger shall remain, but peace assured

And reconcilement.

Milton.

Reconciler

RECONCI'LER, noun One who reconciles; one who brings parties at variance into renewed friendship.

Fell.

2. One who discovers the consistence of propositions.

Norris.

Reconciliation

RECONCILIA'TION, noun [French from Latin reconciliatio.]

1. The act of reconciling parties at variance; renewal of friendship after disagreement or enmity.

Reconciliation and friendship with God, really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.

S. Miller.

2. In Scripture, the means by which sinners are reconciled and brought into a state of favor with God, after natural estrangement or enmity; the atonement; expiation.

Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression and to make an end of sin, and to make reconciliation for iniquity. Danish ix. Hebrews 2.

3. Agreement of things seemingly opposite, different or inconsistent.

Rogers.

Reconciliatory

RECONCIL'IATORY, adjective Able or tending to reconcile.

Hall.

Reconciling

RECONCI'LING, participle of the present tense Bringing into favor and friendship after variance; bringing to content or satisfaction; showing to be consistent; adjusting; making to agree.

Recondensation

RECONDENSA'TION, noun The act of recondensing.

Recondense

RECONDENSE, v. t. recondens'. [re and condense.] To condense again.

Boyle.

Recondensed

RECONDENS'ED, participle passive Condensed anew.

Recondensing

RECONDENS'ING, participle of the present tense Condensing again.

Recondite

REC'ONDITE, adjective [Latin reconditus, recondo; re and condo, to conceal.]

1. Secret; hidden from the view or intellect; abstruse; as recondite causes of things.

2. Profound; dealing in things abstruse; as recondite studies.

Reconditory

RECOND'ITORY, noun [supra.] A repository; a store-house or magazine. [Little used.]

Ash.

Reconduct

RECONDUCT', verb transitive [re and conduct.] To conduct back or again.

Dryden.

Reconducted

RECONDUCT'ED, participle passive Conducted back or again.

Reconducting

RECONDUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Conducting back or again.

Reconfirm

RECONFIRM', verb transitive [re and confirm.] To confirm anew.

Clarendon.

Reconjoin

RECONJOIN', verb transitive [re and conjoin.] To join or conjoin anew.

Boyle.

Reconjoined

RECONJOIN'ED, participle passive Joined again.

Reconjoining

RECONJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Joining anew.

Reconnoiter

RECONNOIT'ER, verb transitive [French reconnoitre; re and connoitre, to know.]

To view; to survey; to examine by the eye; particularly in military affairs, to examine the state of an enemy's army or camp, or the ground for military operations.

Reconnoitered

RECONNOIT'ERED, participle passive Viewed; examined by personal observation.

Reconnoitering

RECONNOIT'ERING, participle of the present tense Viewing; examining by personal observation.

Reconquer

RECONQUER, v. t. recon'ker. [re and conquer; French reconquÃƒ-©rir.]

1. To conquer again; to recover by conquest.

Davies.

2. To recover; to regain. [A French use.]

Reconquered

RECON'QUERED, participle passive Conquered again; regained.

Reconquering

RECON'QUERING, participle of the present tense Conquering again; recovering.

Reconsecrate

RECON'SECRATE, verb transitive [re and consecrate.] To consecrate anew.

Reconsecrated

RECON'SECRATED, participle passive Consecrated again.

Reconsecrating

RECON'SECRATING, participle of the present tense Consecrating again.

Reconsecration

RECONSECRA'TION, noun A renewed consecration.

Reconsider

RECONSID'ER, verb transitive [re and consider.] To consider again; to turn in the mind again; to review.

2. To annul; to take into consideration a second time and rescind; as, to reconsider a motion in a legislative body; to reconsider a vote. The vote has been reconsidered, that is, rescinded.

Reconsideration

RECONSIDERA'TION, noun A renewed consideration or review in the mind.

2. A second consideration; annulment; rescision.

Reconsidered

RECONSID'ERED, participle passive Considered again; rescinded.

Reconsidering

RECONSID'ERING, participle of the present tense Considering again; rescinding.

Reconsolate

RECON'SOLATE, verb transitive To console or comfort again. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Reconvene

RECONVE'NE, verb transitive [re and convene.] To convene or call together again.

Reconvene

RECONVE'NE, verb intransitive To assemble or come together again.

Reconvened

RECONVE'NED, participle passive Assembled anew.

Reconvening

RECONVE'NING, participle of the present tense Assembling anew.

Reconversion

RECONVER'SION, noun [re and conversion.]

A second conversion.

Weever.

Reconvert

RECONVERT', verb transitive [re and convert.] To convert again.

Reconverted

RECONVERT'ED, participle passive Converted again.

Reconverting

RECONVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Converting again.

Reconvey

RECONVEY, verb transitive [re and convey.] To convey back or to its former place; as, to reconvey goods.

2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to reconvey an estate.

Reconveyed

RECONVEYED, participle passive Conveyed back; transferred to a former owner.

Reconveying

RECONVEYING, participle of the present tense Conveying back; transferring to a former owner.

Record

RECORD', verb transitive [Latin recordor, to call to mind, to remember, from re and cor, cordis, the heart or mind; Spanish recordar, to remind, also to awake from sleep; Portugese to remind, to con a lesson, or get by heart; French recorder, to con a lesson, also to record.]

1. To register; to enroll; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic or correct evidence of a thing; as, to record the proceedings of a court; to record a deed or lease; to record historical events.

2. To imprint deeply on the mind or memory; as, to record the sayings of another in the heart.

Locke.

3. To cause to be remembered.

So ev'n and morn recorded the third day.

Milton.

4. To recite; to repeat. [Not in use.

Fairfax.

5. To call to mind. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Record

RECORD', verb intransitive To sing or repeat a tune. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Record

REC'ORD, noun A register; an authentic or official copy of any writing, or account of any facts and proceedings, entered in a book for preservation; or the book containing such copy or account; as the records of statutes or of judicial courts; the records of a town or parish. Records are properly the registers of official transactions, made by officers appointed for the purpose, or by the officer whose proceedings are directed by law to be recorded.

2. Authentic memorial; as the records of past ages.

Court of record, is a court whose acts and judicial proceedings are enrolled on parchment or in books for a perpetual memorial; and their records are the highest evidence of facts, and their truth cannot be called in question.

Debt of record, is a debt which appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a recognizance.

Blackstone.

Trial by record, is where a matter of record is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such record. In this case, the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other evidence being admissible.

Blackstone.

Recordation

RECORDA'TION, noun [Latin recordatio.] Remembrance. [Not in use.]

Shak. Wotton.

Recorded

RECORD'ED, participle passive Registered; officially entered in a book or on parchment; imprinted on the memory.

Recorder

RECORD'ER, noun A person whose official duty is to register writings or transactions; one who enrolls or records.

2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the rolls or records, or who is invested with judicial powers.

3. Formerly, a kind of flute, flageolet or wind instrument.

The figures of recorders, flutes and pipes are straight; but the recorder hath a less bore and a greater above and below.

Bacon.

Recording

RECORD'ING, participle of the present tense Registering; enrolling; imprinting on the memory.

Recouch

RECOUCH', verb intransitive [re and couch.] To retire again to a lodge, as lions.

Wotton.

Recount

RECOUNT', verb transitive [French reconter; Spanish recontar; Italian raccontare; re and count.]

To relate in detail; to recite; to tell or narrate the particulars; to rehearse.

Say from these glorious seeds what harvest flows,

Recount our blessings, and compare our woes.

Dryden.

Recounted

RECOUNT'ED, participle passive Related or told in detail; recited.

Recounting

RECOUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Relating in a series; narrating.

Recountment

RECOUNT'MENT, noun Relation in detail; recital. [Little used.]

Shak.

Recoured

RECOURED, for recovered or recured. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Recourse

RECOURSE, noun [French recours; Italian ricorso; Spanish recurso; Latin recursus; re and cursus, curro, to run.] Literally, a running back; a return.

1. Return; new attack. [Not in use.]

Brown.

2. A going to with a request or application, as for aid or protection. Children have recourse to their parents for assistance.

3. Application of efforts, art or labor. The general had recourse to stratagem to effect his purpose.

Our last recourse is therefore to our art.

Dryden.

4. Access. [Little used.]

5. Frequent passage.

Shak.

Recourse

RECOURSE, verb intransitive To return. [Not used.]

Fox.

Recourseful

RECOURSEFUL, adjective Moving alternately. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Recover

RECOVER, verb transitive [French recouvrer; Italian ricoverare or ricuperare; Spanish Portugese recobrar; Latin recupero; re and capio, to take.]

1. To regain; to get or obtain that which was lost; as, to recover stolen goods; to recover a town or territory which an enemy had taken; to recover sight or senses; to recover health or strength after sickness.

David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away. 1 Samuel 30.

2. To restore from sickness; as, to recover one from leprosy. 2 Kings 5.

3. To revive from apparent death; as, to recover a drowned man.

4. To regain by reparation; to repair the loss of, or to repair an injury done by neglect; as, to recover lost time.

Good men have lapses and failings to lament and recover.

Rogers.

5. To regain a former state by liberation from capture or possession.

That they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil. 2 Timothy 2.

6. To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to recover debt and cost in a suit at law.

7. To reach; to come to.

The forest is not three leagues off;

If we recover that, we're sure enough.

Shak.

8. To obtain title to by judgment in a court of law; as, to recover lands in ejectment or common recovery.

Recover

RECOVER, verb intransitive To regain health after sickness; to grow well; followed by of or from.

Go, inquire of Baalzebub, the god of Ekron, whether 1 shall recover of this disease. 2 Kings 1.

2. To regain a former state or condition after misfortune; as, to recover from a state of poverty or depression.

3. To obtain a judgment in law; to succeed in a lawsuit. The plaintif has recovered in his suit.

Recoverable

RECOVERABLE, adjective That may be regained or recovered. Goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not recoverable.

2. That may be restored from sickness.

3. That may be brought back to a former condition.

A prodigal course

Is like the sun's, but not like his recoverable.

Shak.

4. That may be obtained from a debtor or possessor. The debt is recoverable.

Recovered

RECOVERED, participle passive Regained; restored obtained by judicial decision.

Recoveree

RECOVEREE', noun In law, the tenant or person against whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery.

Blackstone.

Recovering

RECOVERING, participle of the present tense Regaining; obtaining in return or by judgment in law; regaining health.

Recoveror

RECOVEROR, noun In law; the demandant or person who obtains a judgment in his favor in common recovery.

Blackstone.

Recovery

RECOVERY, noun The act of regaining, retaking or obtaining possession of any thing lost. The crusades were intended for the recovery of the holy land from the Saracens. We offer a reward for the recovery of stolen goods.

2. Restoration from sickness or apparent death. The patient has a slow recovery from a fever. Recovery from a pulmonary affection is seldom to be expected. Directions are given for the recovery of drowned persons.

3. The capacity of being restored to health.

The patient is past recovery.

4. The obtaining of right to something by a verdict and judgment of court from an opposing party in a suit; as the recovery of debt, damages and costs by a plaintif; the recovery of cost by a defendant; the recovery of land in ejectment.

Common recovery, in law, is a species of assurance by matter of record, or a suit or action, actual or fictitious, by which lands are recovered against the tenant of the freehold; which recovery binds all persons, and vests an absolute fee simple in the recoveror.

Blackstone.

Recreant

REC'REANT, adjective [Norm. recreant, cowardly, properly crying out, from recrier; that is begging. See Craven.]

1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battel; yielding; hence, cowardly; mean spirited.

Blackstone.

2. Apostate; false.

Who for so many benefits receiv'd,

Turn'd recreant to God, ingrate and false.

Milton.

Recreant

REC'REANT, noun One who yields in combat and cries craven; one who begs for mercy; hence, a mean spirited, cowardly wretch.

Blackstone.

Recreate

REC'REATE, verb transitive [Latin recreo; re and creo, to create; French recreer; Italian ricreare; Spanish recrear.]

1. To refresh after toil; to reanimate, as languid spirits or exhausted strength; to amuse or divert in weariness.

Painters when they work on white grounds, place before them colors mixed with blue and green, to recreate their eyes.

Dryden.

St. John 1s said to have recreated himself with sporting with a tame partridge.

Taylor.

2. To gratify; to delight.

These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their aromatic scent.

More.

3. To relieve; to revive; as, to recreate the lungs with fresh air.

Harvey.

Recreate

REC'REATE, verb intransitive To take recreation.

Addison.

Re-Create

RE-CREA'TE, verb transitive To create or form anew.

On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of reinforcing, it was necessary to re-create the army.

Marshall.

Recreated

REC'REATED, participle passive Refreshed; diverted; amused; gratified.

Re-Created

RE-CREA'TED, participle passive Created or formed anew.

Recreating

REC'REATING, participle of the present tense Refreshing after toil; reanimating the spirits or strength; diverting; amusing.

Re-Creating

RE-CREA'TING, participle of the present tense Creating or forming anew.

Recreation

RECREA'TION, noun Refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement; diversion.

South.

2. Relief from toil or pain; amusement in sorrow or distress.

Sidney.

Re-Creation

RE-CREA'TION, noun A forming anew.

Recreative

REC'REATIVE, adjective Refreshing; giving new vigor or animation; giving relief after labor or pain; amusing; diverting. Choose such sports as are recreative and healthful.

Let the music be recreative.

Bacon.

Recreatively

REC'REATIVELY, adverb With recreation or diversion.

Sherwood.

Recreativeness

REC'REATIVENESS, noun The quality of being refreshing or diverting.

Recrement

REC'REMENT, noun [Latin recrementum; probably re and cerno, to secrete.]

Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful; dross; scoria; spume; as the recrement of ore or of the blood.

Recremental

RECREMENT'AL, or RECREMENTI'TIAL, or RECREMENTI'TIOUS, adjective Drossy; consisting of superfluous matter separated from that which is valuable.

Fourcroy.

Recriminate

RECRIM'INATE, verb intransitive [French recriminer; Latin re and criminor, to accuse.]

1. To return one accusation with another.

It is not my business to recriminate.

Stillingfleet.

2. To charge an accuser with the like crime.

Recriminate

RECRIM'INATE, verb transitive To accuse in return.

South.

Recriminating

RECRIM'INATING, participle of the present tense Returning one accusation with another.

Recrimination

RECRIMINA'TION, noun The return of one accusation with another.

2. In law, an accusation brought by the accused against the accuser upon the same fact.

Encyc.

Recriminator

RECRIM'INATOR, noun He that accuses the accuser of a like crime.

Recriminatory

RECRIM'INATORY, adjective Retorting accusation.

Burke.

Recross

RECROSS', verb transitive To cross a second time.

Washington.

Recrossed

RECROSS'ED, participle passive Crossed a second time.

Recrossing

RECROSS'ING, participle of the present tense Crossing a second time.

Recrudescence

RECRUDES'CENCE, or RECRUDES'CENCY, noun [from Latin recrudescens; re and crudesco, to grow raw; crudus, raw.]

The state of becoming sore again.

Bacon.

Recrudescent

RECRUDES'CENT, adjective Growing raw, sore or painful again.

Recruit

RECRUIT, verb transitive [French recruter; Italian reclutare; Spanish reclutar; Portugese reclutar or recrutar; from the root of French recroÃƒ-®tre; re and croÃƒ-®tre, to grow, Latin cresco; Italian ricrescere, to increase.]

1. To repair by fresh supplies any thing wasted. We say, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise recruit the spirits.

Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their color.

Granville.

2. To supply with new men any deficiency of troops; as, to recruit an army.

Recruit

RECRUIT, verb intransitive To gain new supplies of any thing wasted; to gain flesh, health, spirits, &c.; as, lean cattle recruit in fresh pastures.

2. To gain new supplies of men; to raise new soldiers.

Addison.

Recruit

RECRUIT, noun The supply of any thing wasted; chiefly, a new raised soldier to supply the deficiency of an army.

Recruited

RECRUITED, participle passive Furnished with new supplies of what is wasted.

Recruiting

RECRUITING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with fresh supplies; raising new soldiers for an army.

Recruiting

RECRUITING, noun The business of raising new soldiers to supply the loss of men in an army.

Recruitment

RECRUITMENT, noun The act or business of raising new supplies of men for an army.

Walsh.

Recrystalize

RECRYS'TALIZE, verb intransitive To crystalize a second time.

Henry.

Rectangle

RECT'ANGLE, noun [French from Latin rectangulus; rectus, right, and angulus, angle.]

1. A right angled parallelogram.

2. In arithmetic, the product of two lines multiplied into each other.

Bailey.

Rectangled

RECT'ANGLED, adjective Having right angles, or angles of ninety degrees.

Rectangular

RECTAN'GULAR, adjective Right angled; having angles of ninety degrees.

Wotton.

Rectangularly

RECTAN'GULARLY, adverb With or at right angles.

Brown.

Rectifiable

RECTIFIABLE, adjective [from rectify.] That may be rectified; capable of being corrected or set right; as a rectifiable mistake.

Rectification

RECTIFICA'TION, noun [French See Rectify.]

1. The act or operation of correcting, amending or setting right that which is wrong or erroneous; as the rectification of errors, mistakes or abuses.

Forbes.

2. In chimistry, the process of refining or purifying any substance by repeated distillation, which separates the grosser parts; as the rectification of spirits or sulphuric acid.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Rectified

REC'TIFIED, participle passive Corrected; set or made right; refined by repeated distillation or sublimation.

Rectifier

REC'TIFIER, noun One that corrects or amends.

Bailey.

2. One who refines a substance by repeated distillations.

3. An instrument that shows the variations of the compass, and rectifies the course of a ship.

Encyc.

Rectify

REC'TIFY, verb transitive [French rectifier; Italian rettificare; Spanish rectificar; Latin rectus, right, and facio, to make.]

1. To make right; to correct that which is wrong, erroneous or false; to amend; as, to rectify errors, mistakes or abuses; to rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to rectify disorders.

Hooker. Addison.

2. In chimistry, to refine by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser; as, to rectify spirit or wine.

Encyc.

3. To rectify the globe, is to bring the sun's place in the ecliptic on the globe to the brass meridian.

Bailey.

Rectifying

REC'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Correcting; amending; refining by repeated distillation or sublimation.

Rectilineal

RECTILIN'EAL, or RECTILIN'EAR, adjective [Latin rectus, right, and linea, line.]

Right lined; consisting of a right line or of right lines; straight; as a rectilinear figure or course; a rectilinear side or way.

Newton.

Rectilineous

RECTILIN'EOUS, adjective Rectilinear. Obs.

Ray.

Rectitude

REC'TITUDE, noun [French from Latin rectus, right, straight; Italian rettitudine; Spanish rectitud; literally straightness, but not applied to material things.]

In morality, rightness of principle or practice; uprightness of mind; exact conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws. Rectitude of mind is the disposition to act in conformity to any known standard of right, truth or justice; rectitude of conduct is the actual conformity to such standard. Perfect rectitude belongs only to the Supreme Being. The more nearly the rectitude of men approaches to the standard of the divine law, the more exalted and dignified is their character. Want of rectitude is not only sinful, but debasing.

There is a sublimity in conscious rectitudeÃ‚--in comparison with which the treasures of earth are not worth naming.

J. Hawes.

Rector

REC'TOR, noun [Latin rector, from rego, rectum, to rule; French recteur; Italian rettore.]

1. A ruler or governor.

God is the supreme rector of the world.

Hale.

[This application of the word is unusual.]

2. A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, &c.; or the parson of an unimpropriated parish.

Blackstone.

3. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland. The same title was formerly given to the president of a college in New England, but it is now in disuse. In Scotland, it is still the title of the head master of a principal school.

4. The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits, the superior of a house that is a seminary or college.

Encyc.

Rectoral

REC'TORAL, or RECTO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a rector.

Blackstone.

Rectorship

REC'TORSHIP, noun The office or rank of a rector.

Shak.

Rectory

REC'TORY, noun A parish church, parsonage or spiritual living, with all its rights, tithes and glebes.

Encyc.

2. A rector's mansion or parsonage house.

Encyc.

Rectress

REC'TRESS, or REC'TRIX, noun [Latin rectrix.] A governess.

B. Jonson.

Rectum

REC'TUM, noun [Latin] In anatomy, the third and last of the large intestines.

Encyc.

Recubation

RECUBA'TION, noun [Latin recubo; re and cubo, to lie down.]

The act of lying or leaning. [Little used.]

Brown.

Recule

RECU'LE, verb intransitive To recoil. [Not used. See Recoil.]

Barret.

Recumb

RECUMB', verb intransitive [Latin recumbo; re and cumbo, to lie down.] To lean; to recline; to repose.

Allen.

Recumbence

RECUMB'ENCE, noun [from Latin recumbens.]

The act of reposing or resting in confidence.

Ld. North.

Recumbency

RECUMB'ENCY, noun The posture of leaning, reclining or lying.

Brown.

2. Rest; repose; idle state.

Locke.

Recumbent

RECUMB'ENT, adjective [Latin recumbens.] Leaning; reclining; as the recumbent posture of the Romans at their meals.

2. Reposing; inactive; idle.

Young.

Recuperation

RECUPERA'TION, noun [Latin recuperatio.] Recovery, as of any thing lost.

Recuperative

RECU'PERATIVE, or RECU'PERATORY, adjective Tending to recovery; pertaining to recovery.

Recur

RECUR', verb intransitive [Latin recurro; re and curro, to run; French recourir.]

1. To return to the thought or mind.

When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will recur in the mind, when the word is heard.

Watts.

2. To resort; to have recourse.

If to avoid succession in eternal existence, they recur to the punctum stans of the schools, they will very little help us to a more positive idea of infinite duration.

Locke.

Recure

RECU'RE, verb transitive [re and cure.] To cure; to recover. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Recure

RECU'RE, noun Cure; recovery. [Not in use.]

Knolles.

Recureless

RECU'RELESS, adjective Incapable of cure or remedy. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Recurrence

RECUR'RENCE, or RECUR'RENCY, noun [See Recur.] Return; as the recurrence of error.

Brown.

2. Resort; the having recourse.

Recurrent

RECUR'RENT, adjective [Latin recurrens.] Returning from time to time; as recurrent pains of a disease.

Harvey.

2. In crystalography, a recurrent crystal is one whose faces, being counted in annular ranges from one extremity to the other, furnish two different numbers which succeed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4, 8, 4.

3. In anatomy, the recurrent nerve is a branch of the par vagum, given off in the upper part of the thorax, which is reflected and runs up along the trachea to the larynx.

Wistar.

Recursion

RECUR'SION, noun [Latin recursus, recurro; re and curro, to run.] Return. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Recurvate

RECURV'ATE, verb transitive [Latin recurvo; re and curvo, to bend.] To bend back.

Pennant.

Recurvate

RECURV'ATE, adjective In botany, bent, bowed or curved downwards; as a recurvate leaf.

Martyn.

2. Bent outwards; as a recurvate prickle, awn, petiole, calyx or corol.

Martyn.

Recurvation

RECURVA'TION, or RECURV'ITY, noun A bending or flexure backwards.

Brown.

Recurve

RECURVE, v. t. recurv'. [Latin recurvo, supra.] To bend back.

Recurved

RECURV'ED, participle passive Bent back or downwards; as a recurved leaf.

Martyn.

Recurviroster

RECURV'IROSTER, noun [Latin recurvus, bent back, and rostrum, a beak.]

A fowl whose beak or bill bends upwards, as the avoset.

Recurvous

RECURV'OUS, adjective [Latin recurvus.] Bent backwards.

Derham.

Recusancy

RECU'SANCY, noun Non-conformity. [See Recusant.]

Coke.

Recusant

RECU'SANT, adjective s as z. [Latin recusans, recuso, to refuse; re and the root of causa, signifying to drive. The primary sense is to repel or drive back.]

Refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king, or to conform to the established rites of the church; as a recusant lord.

Clarendon.

Recusant

RECU'SANT, noun [supra.] In English history, a person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion; as a popish recusant, who acknowledges the supremacy of the pope.

Encyc.

2. One who refuses communion with the church of England; a non-conformist.

All that are recusants of holy rites.

Holyday.

Recusation

RECUSA'TION, noun [Latin recusatio.] Refusal.

2. In law, the act of refusing a judge, or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality.

[This practice is now obsolete.]

Blackstone.

Recuse

RECU'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin recuso.] To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause.

[The practice and the word are obsolete.]

Digby.

Red

RED, adjective [Saxon red, read, and reod, rude, red, ruddy; Dutch rood; German roth; Swedish r?d; Danish rÃƒ-¶d; Cornish rydh; Irish ruadh; Armoric ruydh; Welsh rhuz, red, ruddy; Sanscrit rohida; Russian rdeyu, to redden; Greek, red, and, a rose, from its color; Arabic warada, to be present, to enter, to descend, to come, to invade, to blossom, to stain with a rose color, to bring to be of a red color; deriv. a rose, the Greek; Chaldee a rose; Syriac nearly the same; Ethiopic warad, to descend, to bring down. These Arabic and Ethiopic words are the Hebrew Chaldee to descend, to bring down, and this is radically the same as which is rendered in Hebrew, to descend or come down, to decline, to bring down, to subdue, to have dominion; Chaldee like senses, and to correct, to chastise, to expand or open, to flow, to plow; Syriac to go, to walk, to journey, Latin gradior, also to correct, to teach; [qu. Latin erudio.] The Arabic gives the sense of rose, which may be from opening, as blossoms, a sense coinciding with the Chaldee; and red from the same sense, or from the color of the rose. The Greeks called the Arabian gulf the Erythrean or Red sea, probably from Edom or Idumea; improperly applying the meaning of Edom, red, to the sea, and this improper application has come down to the present time.]

Of a bright color, resembling blood. Red is a simple or primary color, but of several different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, &c. We say, red color, red cloth, red flame, red eyes, red cheeks, red lead, &c.

Red book of the exchequer, an ancient English record or manuscript containing various treatises relating to the times before the conquest.

Encyc.

Red men, red people, red children, the aboriginals of America, as distinguished from the whites.

Rawle.

Red

RED, noun A red color; as a brighter color, the best of all the reds.

Newton.

Redact

REDACT', verb transitive [Latin redactus, redigo; red, re, and ago.]

To force; to reduce to form. [Not used.]

Drummond.

Redan

RED'AN, noun [written sometimes redent and redens; said to be contracted from Latin recedens. Lunier.]

In fortification, a work indented, or formed with salient and re-entering angles, so that one part may flank and defend another.

Lunier. Encyc.

Redargue

RED`ARGUE, verb transitive [Latin redarguo; red, re, and arguo.] To refute. [Not in use.]

Hakewill.

Redargution

REDARGU'TION, noun [supra.] Refutation; conviction. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Red-Berried

RED'-BERRIED, adjective Having or bearing red berries; as red-berried shrub cassia.

Miller.

Red-Bird

RED-BIRD, noun The popular name of several birds in the U. States, as the Tanagra oestiva or summer red-bird, the Tanagra rubra, and the Baltimore oriole or hangnest.

Redbreast

RED'BREAST, noun A bird so called from the color of its breast, a species of Motacilla. In America, this name is given to the robin, so called, a species of Turdus.

Redbud

RED'BUD, noun A plant or tree of the genus Cercis.

Fam. of Plants.

Red-Chalk

RED-CHALK, noun A kind of clay iron-stone; reddle.

Ure.

Red-Coat

RED'-COAT, noun A name given to a soldier who wears a red coat.

Dryden.

Redden

REDDEN, v. t. red'n. [from red.] To make red.

Dryden.

Redden

REDDEN, v. i. red'n. To grow or become red.

Ã‚--The coral redden and the ruby glow.

Pope.

2. To blush.

Appius reddens at each word you speak.

Pope.

Reddendum

REDDEND'UM, noun In law, the clause by which rent is reserved in a lease.

Reddish

RED'DISH, adjective Somewhat red; moderately red. Leviticus 13.

Reddishness

RED'DISHNESS, noun Redness in a moderate degree.

Boyle.

Reddition

REDDI'TION, noun [Latin reddo, to return.] A returning of any thing; restitution; surrender.

Howell.

2. Explanation; representation.

Milton.

Redditive

RED'DITIVE, adjective [Latin redditivus, from reddo.]

Returning; answering to an interrogative; a term of grammar.

Johnson.

Reddle

RED'DLE, noun [from red.] Red chalk, commonly used as a pigment. It is a mineral of a florid color, but not of a deep red.

Nicholson. Hill.

Rede

REDE, noun [Saxon roed.] Counsel; advice. Obs.

Shak.

Rede

REDE, verb transitive To counsel or advise. Obs.

Spenser.

Redeem

REDEE'M, verb transitive [Latin redimo; red, re, and emo, to obtain or purchase.]

1. To purchase back; to ransom; to liberate or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying an equivalent; as, to redeem prisoners or captured goods; to redeem a pledge.

2. To repurchase what has been sold; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by repaying the value of it to the possessor.

If a man [shall] sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold. Leviticus 25.

3. To rescue; to recover; to deliver from.

Th' Almighty from the grave

Hath me redeem'd.

Sandys.

Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. Psalm 25. Deuteronomy 7.

The mass of earth not yet redeemed from chaos.

S. S. Smith.

4. To compensate; to make amends for.

It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows.

Shak.

By lesser ills the greater to redeem.

Dryden.

5. To free by making atonement.

Thou hast one daughter

Who redeems nature from the general curse.

Shak.

6. To pay the penalty of.

Which of you will be mortal to redeem

Man's mortal crime?

Milton.

7. To save.

He could not have redeemed a portion of his time for contemplating the powers of nature.

S. S. Smith.

8. To perform what has been promised; to make good by performance. He has redeemed his pledge or promise.

9. In law, to recall an estate, or to obtain the right to re-enter upon a mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee his principal, interest, and expenses or costs.

Blackstone.

10. In theology, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law, by obedience and suffering in the place of the sinner, or by doing and suffering that which is accepted in lieu of the sinner's obedience.

Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us. Galatians 3. Titus ~~.

11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the value in specie, of any promissory note, bill or other evidence of debt, given by the state, by a company or corporation, or by an individual. The credit of a state, a banking company or individuals, is good when they can redeem all their stock, notes or bills, at par.

To redeem time, is to use more diligence in the improvement of it; to be diligent and active in duty and preparation. Ephesians 5.

Redeemable

REDEE'MABLE, adjective That may be redeemed; capable of redemption.

2. That may be purchased or paid for in gold and silver, and brought into the possession of government or the original promiser.

The capital of the debt of the United States may be considered in the light of an annuity redeemable at the pleasure of the government.

Hamilton.

Redeemableness

REDEE'MABLENESS, noun The state of being reedeemable.

Redeemed

REDEE'MED, participle passive Ransomed; delivered from bondage, distress, penalty, liability, or from the possession of another, by paying an equivalent.

Redeemer

REDEE'MER, noun One who redeems or ransoms.

2. The Savior of the world, JESUS CHRIST.

Redeeming

REDEE'MING, participle of the present tense Ransoming; procuring deliverance from captivity, capture, bondage, sin, distress or liability to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent.

Redeliberate

REDELIB'ERATE, verb intransitive [re and deliberate.] To deliberate again.

Redeliberate

REDELIB'ERATE, verb transitive To reconsider. [Not in use.]

Redeliver

REDELIV'ER, verb transitive [re and deliver.] To deliver back.

Ayliffe.

2. To deliver again; to liberate a second time.

Redeliverance

REDELIV'ERANCE, noun A second deliverance.

Redelivered

REDELIV'ERED, participle passive Delivered back; liberated again.

Redelivering

REDELIV'ERING, participle of the present tense Delivering back; liberating again.

Redelivery

REDELIV'ERY, noun The act of delivering back; also, a second delivery or liberation.

Redemand

REDEM`AND, verb transitive [re and demand; French redemander.]

To demand back; to demand again.

Addison.

Redemand

REDEM`AND, noun A demanding back again.

Redemandable

REDEM`ANDABLE, adjective That may be demanded back.

Redemanded

REDEM`ANDED, participle passive Demanded back or again.

Redemanding

REDEM`ANDING, participle of the present tense Demanding back or again.

Redemise

REDEMI'SE, v. t. s as z. [re and demise.] To convey or transfer back, as an estate in fee simple, fee tail, for life or a term of years.

Encyc.

Redemise

REDEMI'SE, noun Reconveyance; the transfer of an estate back to the person who has demised it; as the demise and redemise of an estate in fee simple, fee tail, or for life or years, by mutual leases.

Encyc.

Redemised

REDEMI'SED, participle passive Reconveyed, as an estate.

Redemising

REDEMI'SING, participle of the present tense Reconveying.

Redemption

REDEMP'TION, noun [French; Italian redenzione; Spanish redencion; from Latin redemptio. See Redeem.]

1. Repurchase of captured goods or prisoners; the act of procuring the deliverance of persons or things from the possession and power of captors by the payment of an equivalent; ransom; release; as the redemption of prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and cargo.

2. Deliverance from bondage, distress, or from liability to any evil or forfeiture, either by money, labor or other means.

3. Repurchase, as of lands alienated. Leviticus 25. Jeremiah 32.

4. The liberation of an estate from a mortgage; or the purchase of the right to reenter upon it by paying the principal sum for which it was mortgaged, with interest and cost; also, the right of redeeming and re-entering.

5. Repurchase of notes, bills or other evidence of debt by paying their value in specie to their holders.

6. In theology, the purchase of God's favor by the death and sufferings of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law by the atonement of Christ.

Dryden. Nelson.

In whom we have redemption through his blood. Ephesians 1. Colossians 1.

Redemptioner

REDEMP'TIONER, noun One who redeems himself, or purchases his release from debt or obligation to the master of a ship by his services; or one whose services are sold to pay the expenses of his passage to America.

Redemptory

REDEMP'TORY, adjective Paid for ransom; as Hector's redemptory price.

Chapman.

Redented

REDENT'ED, adjective Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.

Redescend

REDESCEND', verb intransitive [re and descend.] To descend again.

Howell.

Redescending

REDESCEND'ING, participle of the present tense Descending again.

Redeye

RED'EYE, noun [red and eye.] A fish of a red color, particularly the iris.

Redgum

RED'GUM, noun A disease of new born infants; an eruption of red pimples in early infancy.

Good.

Red-Haired

RED'-HAIRED, adjective Having hair of a red or sandy color.

Red-Hot

RED'-HOT, noun Red with heat; heated to redness; as red-hot iron; red-hot balls.

Redient

RED'IENT, adjective [Latin rediens, redeo, to return.] Returning.

E. H. Smith.

Redigest

REDIGEST', verb transitive To digest or reduce to form a second time.

Kent.

Redigested

REDIGEST'ED, participle passive Digested again.

Redigesting

REDIGEST'ING, participle of the present tense Digesting a second time; reducing again to order.

Redintegrate

REDIN'TEGRATE, verb transitive [Latin redintegro; red, re, and integro, from integer, whole.]

To make whole again; to renew; to restore to a perfect state.

B. Jonson.

Redintegrate

REDIN'TEGRATE, adjective Renewed; restored to wholeness or a perfect state.

Bacon.

Redintegrated

REDIN'TEGRATED, participle passive Renewed; restored to entireness.

Redintegrating

REDIN'TEGRATING, participle of the present tense Restoring to a perfect state.

Redintegration

REDINTEGRA'TION, noun Renovation; restoration to a whole or sound state.

Decay of Piety.

2. In chimistry, the restoration of any mixed body or matter to its former nature and constitution.

Coxe.

Redisburse

REDISBURSE, v. t. redisburs'. [re and disburse.] To repay or refund.

Spenser.

Redispose

REDISPOSE, v. t. s as z. [re and dispose.] To dispose or adjust again.

Baxter.

Redisposed

REDISPO'SED, participle passive Disposed anew.

Redisposing

REDISPO'SING, participle of the present tense Disposing or adjusting anew.

Redisseizin

REDISSE'IZIN, noun [re and disseizin.] In law, a writ of redisseizin, is a writ to recover seizin of lands or tenements against a redisseizor.

Redisseizor

REDISSE'IZOR, noun [re and disseizor.] A person who disseizes lands or tenements a second time, or after a recovery of the same from him in an action of novel disseizin.

Blackstone.

Redissolve

REDISSOLVE, v. t. redizolv'. [re and dissolve.] To dissolve again.

Redissolved

REDISSOLV'ED, participle passive Dissolved a second time.

Redissolving

REDISSOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Dissolving again.

Redistribute

REDISTRIB'UTE, verb transitive [re and distribute.]

To distribute again; to deal back again.

Cotgrave.

Redistributed

REDISTRIB'UTED, participle passive Distributed again or back.

Redistributing

REDISTRIB'UTING, participle of the present tense Distributing again or back.

Redistribution

REDISTRIBU'TION, noun A dealing back, or a second distribution.

Red-Lead

RED'-LEAD, n. red-led. [red and lead.] Minium, or red oxyd of lead, composed of 88 parts of lead and 12 of oxygen.

Redly

RED'LY, adverb With redness.

Cotgrave.

Redness

RED'NESS, noun [Saxon readnesse. See Red.] The quality of being red; red color.

Spectator.

Redolence

RED'OLENCE, or RED'OLENCY, noun [from redolent.] Sweet scent.

Boyle. Mortimer.

Redolent

RED'OLENT, adjective [Latin redolens, redoleo; red, re, and oleo, to smell.]

Having or diffusing a sweet scent.

Sandys.

Redouble

REDOUBLE, v. t. redub'l. [re and double.]

1. To repeat in return.

Spenser.

2. To repeat often; as, to redouble blows.

Shak.

3. To increase by repeated or continued additions.

And AEtna rages with redoubl'd heat.

Addison.

Redouble

REDOUBLE, v. i. redub'l. To become twice as much.

The argument redoubles upon us.

Spectator.

Redoubled

REDOUBLED, pp. redub'ld. Repeated in return; repeated over and over; increased by repeated or continued additions.

Redoubling

REDOUBLING, ppr. redub'ling. Repeating in return; repeating again and again; increasing by repeated or continued additions.

Redound

REDOUND', verb intransitive [Italian ridondare; Latin redundo; red, re, and undo, to rise or swell, as waves.]

1. To be sent, rolled or driven back.

The evil, soon

Driven back, redounded as a flood on those

From whom it sprung.

Milton.

2. To conduce in the consequence; to contribute; to result.

The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God, the author of it.

Rogers.

3. To proceed in the consequence or effect; to result.

There will no small use redound from them to that manufacture.

Addison.

Redounding

REDOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Conducing; contributing; resulting.

Redout

REDOUT', noun [Italian ridotto, a shelter, a retreat; Spanish reducto; Portugese reduto, reducto or redutto; French redoute, reduit; Latin reductus, reduco, to bring back; literally a retreat. The usual orthography, redoubt, is egregiously erroneous.]

In fortification, an outwork; a small square fort without any defense, except in front; used in trenches, lines of circumvallation, contravallation and approach, to defend passages, &c.

Encyc.

Redoutable

REDOUT'ABLE, adjective [French from redouter, to fear or dread, Armoric dougea, dougein. The common orthography of this word is incorrect.]

Formidable; that is to be dreaded; terrible to foes; as a redoubtable hero. Hence the implied sense is valiant.

Pope.

Redouted

REDOUT'ED, adjective Formidable. [Not in use.]

Spenser. Shak.

Redpole

RED'POLE, noun A bird with a red head or poll, of the genus Fringilla.

Redraft

REDR`AFT, verb transitive [re and draft.] To draw or draft anew.

Redraft

REDR`AFT, noun A second draft or copy.

2. In the French commercial code, a new bill of exchange which the holder of a protested bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, by which he reimburses to himself the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.

Walsh.

Redrafted

REDR`AFTED, participle passive Drafted again; transcribed into a new copy.

Redrafting

REDR`AFTING, participle of the present tense Redrawing; drafting or transcribing again.

Redraw

REDRAW', verb transitive [re and draw.] To draw again. In commerce, to draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.

Walsh.

2. To draw a second draft or copy.

Redress

REDRESS', verb transitive [French redresser; re and dress.]

1. To set right; to amend.

In yonder spring of roses,

Find what to redress till noon.

Milton.

[In this sense, as applied to material things, rarely used.]

2. To remedy; to repair; to relieve from, and sometimes to indemnify for; as, to redress wrongs; to redress injuries; to redress grievances. Sovereigns are bound to protect their subjects, and redress their grievances.

3. To ease; to relieve; as, she labored to redress my pain.

Sidney.

[We use this verb before the person or the thing. We say, to redress an injured person, or to redress the injury. The latter is most common.]

Redress

REDRESS', noun Reformation; amendment.

For us the more necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves.

Hooker.

[This sense is now unusual.]

2. Relief; remedy; deliverance from wrong, injury or oppression; as the redress of grievances. We applied to government, but could obtain no redress.

There is occasion for redress when the cry is universal.

Davenant.

3. Reparation; indemnification. [This sense is often directly intended or implied in redress.]

4. One who gives relief.

Fair majesty, the refuge and redress

Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.

Dryden.

Redressed

REDRESS'ED, participle passive Remedied; set right; relieved; indemnified.

Redresser

REDRESS'ER, noun One who gives redress.

Redressing

REDRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Setting right; relieving; indemnifying.

Redressive

REDRESS'IVE, adjective Affording relief.

Thomson.

Redressless

REDRESS'LESS, adjective Without amendment; without relief.

Sherwood.

Redsear

REDSE'AR, verb intransitive [red and sear.] To break or crack when too hot, as iron under the hammer; a term of workmen.

Moxon.

Redshank

RED'SHANK, noun A bird of the genus Scolopax.

2. A contemptuous appellation for bare legged persons.

Spenser.

Redshort

RED'SHORT, adjective [red and short.] Brittle, or breaking short when red hot, as a metal; a term of workmen.

Redstart

RED'START, or RED'TAIL, noun [red and start, Saxon steo a tail.] A bird of the genus Motacilla.

Redstreak

RED'STREAK, noun [red and streak.] A sort of apple, so called from its red streaks.

Mortimer.

2. Cider pressed from the red streak apples.

Smith.

Reduce

REDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin reduco; re and duco, to lead or bring; French reduire; Italian riducere or ridurre; Spanish reducir.]

1. Literally, to bring back; as, to reduce these bloody days again.

Shak.

[In this sense, not in use.]

2. To bring to a former state.

It were but just

And equal to reduce me to my dust.

Milton.

3. To bring to any state or condition, good or bad; as, to reduce civil or ecclesiastical affairs to order; to reduce a man to poverty; to reduce a state to distress; to reduce a substance to powder; to reduce a sum to fractions; to reduce one to despair.

4. To diminish in length, breadth, thickness, size, quantity or value; as, to reduce expenses; to reduce the quantity of any thing; to reduce the intensity of heat; to reduce the brightness of color or light; to reduce a sum or amount; to reduce the price of goods.

5. To lower; to degrade; to impair in dignity or excellence.

Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten on something belonging to it, to reduce it.

Tillotson.

6. To subdue; to bring into subjection. The Romans reduced Spain, Gaul and Britain by their arms.

7. To reclaim to order.

Milton.

8. To bring, as into a class, order, genus or species; to bring under rules or within certain limits of description; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce men to tribes; to reduce language to rules.

9. In arithmetic, to change numbers from one denomination into another without altering their value; or to change numbers of one denomination into others of the same value; as, to reduce a dollar to a hundred cents, or a hundred cents to a dollar.

10. In algebra, to reduce equations, is to clear them of all superfluous quantities, bring them to their lowest terms, and separate the known from the unknown, till at length the unknown quantity only is found on one side and the known ones on the other.

Encyc.

11. In metallurgy, to bring back metallic substances which have been divested of their form, into their original state of metals.

Encyc.

12. In surgery, to restore to its proper place or state a dislocated or fractured bone.

To reduce a figure, design or draught, to make a copy of it larger or smaller than the original, but preserving the form and proportion.

Encyc.

Reduced

REDU'CED, participle passive Brought back; brought to a former state; brought into any state or condition; diminished; subdued; impoverished.

Reducement

REDU'CEMENT, noun The act of bringing back; the act of diminishing; the act of subduing; reduction.

Bacon.

[This word is superseded by reduction.]

Reducer

REDU'CER, noun One that reduces.

Sidney.

Reducible

REDU'CIBLE, adjective That may be reduced.

All the parts of painting are reducible into these mentioned by the author.

Dryden.

Reducibleness

REDU'CIBLENESS, noun The quality of being reducible.

Reducing

REDU'CING, participle of the present tense Bringing back; bringing to a former state, or to a different state or form; diminishing; subduing; impoverishing.

Reduct

REDUCT', verb transitive [Latin reductus, reduco.] To reduce. [Not in use.]

Warde.

Reduct

REDUCT', noun In building, a little place taken out of a larger to make it more regular and uniform, or for some other convenience.

Chambers.

Reduction

REDUC'TION, noun [French from Latin reductio.]

1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; as the reduction of a body to power; the reduction of things to order.

2. Diminution; as the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of the national debt.

3. Conquest; subjugation; as the reduction of a province to the power of a foreign nation.

4. In arithmetic, the bringing of numbers of different denominations into one denomination; as the reduction of pounds, ounces, penny weights and grains to grains, or the reduction of grains to pounds; the reduction of days and hours to minutes, or of minutes to hours and days. The change of numbers of a higher denomination into a lower, as of pounds into pence or farthings, is called reduction descending; the change of numbers of a lower denomination into a higher, as of cents into dimes, dollars or eagles, is called reduction ascending. Hence the rule for bringing sums of different denominations into one denomination, is called reduction.

5. In algebra, reduction of equations is the clearing of them of all superfluous quantities, bringing them to their lowest terms, and separating the known from the unknown, till the unknown quantity alone is found on one side, and the known ones on the other.

Encyc.

6. Reduction of a figure, map, &c. is the making of a copy of it on a smaller or larger scale, preserving the form and proportions.

Encyc.

7. In surgery, the operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured bone to its former place.

8. In metallurgy, the operation of bringing metallic substances which have been changed, or divested of their metallic form, into their natural and original state of metals. This is called also revivification.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Reductive

REDUC'TIVE, adjective [French reductif.] Having the power of reducing.

Brevint.

Reductive

REDUC'TIVE, noun That which has the power of reducing.

Hale.

Reductively

REDUC'TIVELY, adverb By reduction; by consequence.

Hammond.

Redundance

REDUND'ANCE, or REDUND'ANCY, noun [Latin redundantia, redundo. See Redound.]

1. Excess or superfluous quantity; superfluity; superabundance; as a redundancy of bile.

Labor throws off redundancies.

Addison.

2. In discourse, superfluity of words.

Encyc.

Redundant

REDUND'ANT, adjective Superfluous; exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as a redundant quantity of bile or food.

Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not encrease fat so much as flesh.

Arbuthnot.

Redundant words, in writing or discourse, are such as are synonymous with others used, or such as add nothing to the sense or force of the expression.

2. Using more words or images than are necessary or useful.

Where an author is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched.

Watts.

3. In music, a redundant chord is one which contains a greater number of tones, semitones or lesser intervals, than it does in its natural state, as from fa to sol sharp. It is called by some authors, a chord extremely sharp.

Encyc.

Redundantly

REDUND'ANTLY, adverb With superfluity or excess; superfluously; superabundantly.

Reduplicate

REDU'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin reduplico; re and duplico. See Duplicate.]

To double.

Pearson.

Reduplicate

REDUPLICATE, adjective Double.

Reduplication

REDUPLICA'TION, noun The act of doubling.

Digby.

Reduplicative

REDU'PLICATIVE, adjective Double.

Watts.

Redwing

RED'WING, noun [red and wing.] A bird of the genus Turdus.

Ree

REE, or RE, noun A small Portuguese coin or money of account, value about one mill and a fourth, American money.

Ree

REE, verb transitive [This belongs to the root of rid, riddle, which see.]

To riddle; to sift; that is, to separate or throw off. [Not in use or local.]

Mortimer.

Re-Echo

RE-ECH'O, verb transitive [re and echo.] To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills re-echo the roar of cannon.

Re-Echo

RE-ECH'O, verb intransitive [supra.] To echo back; to return back or be reverberated; as an echo.

And a loud groan re-echoes from the main.

Pope.

Re-Echo

RE-ECH'O, noun The echo of an echo.

Re-Echoed

RE-ECH'OED, participle passive [supra.] Returned, as sound; reverberated again.

Re-Echoing

RE-ECH'OING, participle of the present tense Returning or reverberating an echo.

Reechy

REECH'Y, adjective [a mis-spelling of reeky. See Reek.]

Tarnished with smoke; sooty; foul; as a reechy neck.

Shak.

Reed

REED, noun [Saxon hreod, reod; German rieth; Dutch riet; Gothic raus; French roseau; Irish readan; probably allied to rod.]

1. The common name of many aquatic plants; most of them large grasses, with hollow jointed stems, such as the common reed of the genus Arundo, the bamboo, &c. The bur-reed is of the genus Sparganium; the Indian flowering reed of the genus Canna.

2. A musical pipe; reeds being anciently used for instruments of music.

Milton.

3. A little tube through which a hautboy, bassoon or clarinet is blown.

4. An arrow, as made of a reed headed.

Prior.

5. Thatch.

West of England.

Reeded

REE'DED, adjective Covered with reeds.

Tusser.

2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.

Reeden

REEDEN, a. ree'dn. Consisting of a reed or reeds; as reeden pipes.

Dryden.

Reedgrass

REE'DGRASS, noun A plant, bur-reed, of the genus Sparganium.

Re-Edification

RE-EDIFICA'TION, noun [from re-edify.] Act or operation of rebuilding; state of being rebuilt.

D'Anville, Trans.

Re-Edified

RE-ED'IFIED, participle passive Rebuilt.

Re-Edify

RE-ED'IFY, verb transitive [French rÃƒ-©Ãƒ-©difier; re and edify.]

To rebuild; to build again after destruction.

Milton.

Re-Edifying

RE-ED'IFYING, participle of the present tense Rebuilding.

Reedless

REE'DLESS, adjective Destitute of reeds; as reedless banks.

May.

Reedmace

REE'DMACE, noun A plant of the genus Typha.

Lee.

Reedy

REE'DY, adjective Abounding with reeds; as a reedy pool.

Thomson.

Reef

REEF, noun [Dutch reef; Danish riv or rift; Swedish ref. These words coincide in orthography with the verb to rive, and if from this root, the primary sense is a division, Welsh rhiv and rhif. But in Welsh, rhÃƒ-ªv signifies a collection or bundle, and thick; rhevu, to thicken in compass; and if from this root, a reef is a fold, and to reef is to fold.]

A certain portion of a sail between the top or bottom and a row of eyelet holes, which is folded or rolled up to contract the sail, when the violence of the wind renders it necessary.

Mar. Dict.

Reef

REEF, noun [German riff; Dutch rif, a reef or sand bank, a carcass, a skeleton. Qu. Welsh rhevu, to thicken.]

A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water.

Mar. Dict.

Reef

REEF, verb transitive [from the noun.] To contract or reduce the extent of a sail by rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard.

Mar. Dict.

Reef-Band

REE'F-BAND, noun A piece of canvas sewed across a sail, to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes are formed.

Reefed

REE'FED, participle passive Having a portion of the top or bottom folded and made fast to the yard.

Reefing

REE'FING, participle of the present tense Folding and making fast to the yard, as a portion of a sail.

Reef-Line

REE'F-LINE, noun A small rope formerly used to reef the courses by being passed through the holes of the reef spirally.

Mar. Dict.

Reef-Tackle

REE'F-TACKLE, noun A tackle upon deck, communicating with its pendant, and passing through a block at the top-mast head, and through a hole in the top-sail-yard-arm, is attached to a cringle below the lowest reef; used to pull the skirts of the top-sails close to the extremities of the yards to lighten the labor of reefing.

Mar. Dict.

Reek

REEK, noun [Saxon rec; Dutch rook; German rauch; Swedish rÃƒ-³k; Danish rÃƒ-¶g.]

1. Vapor; steam.

2. A rick, which see.

Shak.

Reek

REEK, verb intransitive [Saxon recan, reocan; Dutch rooken, ruiken; German rauchen; Swedish r?ka; Danish rÃƒ-¶er, ryger, to reek, to smoke; Welsh rhogli, to smell. This may be from the same root as the Latin fragro, and all coinciding with the Arabic to diffuse odor. The primary sense is to send out or emit, to extend, to reach. Class Rg.]

To steam; to exhale; to emit vapor; applied especially to the vapor of certain moist substances, rather than to the smoke of burning bodies.

I found me laid

In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun

Soon dry'd, and on the reeking moisture fed.

Milton.

Whose blood yet reeks on my avenging sword.

Smith.

Reeking

REE'KING, participle of the present tense Steaming; emitting vapor.

Reeky

REE'KY, adjective Smoky; soiled with smoke or steam; foul.

Shak.

Reel

REEL, noun [Saxon hreol, reol. See Reel, to stagger.]

1. A frame or machine turning on an axis, and on which yarn is extended for winding, either into skains, or from skains on to spools and quills. On a reel also seamen wind their log-lines, &c.

2. A kind of dance.

Reel

REEL, verb transitive To gather yarn from the spindle.

Wilkins.

Reel

REEL, verb intransitive [Swedish ragla. Qu. Class Rg, or Arabic ragala, to lean. Class Rl. No. 4.]

To stagger; to incline or move in walking, first to one side and then to the other; to vacillate.

He with heavy fumes opprest,

Reel'd from the palace and retir'd to rest.

Pope.

They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man. Psalm 107.

Re-Elect

RE-ELECT', verb transitive [re and elect.] To elect again; as, to re-elect the former governor.

Re-Elected

RE-ELECT'ED, participle passive Elected again; rechosen.

Re-Electing

RE-ELECT'ING, participle of the present tense Electing again.

Re-Election

RE-ELEC'TION, noun Election a second time, or repeated election; as the re-election of a former representative.

Swift.

Re-Eligibility

RE-ELIGIBIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being re-elected to the same office.

Re-Eligible

RE-EL'IGIBLE, adjective [re and eligible.] Capable of being elected again to the same office.

Re-Embark

RE-EMB`ARK, verb transitive [re and embark.] To embark or put on board again.

Re-Embark

RE-EMB`ARK, verb intransitive To embark or go on board again.

Re-Embarkation

RE-EMBARKA'TION, noun A putting on board or a going on board again.

Re-Embattle

RE-EMBAT'TLE, verb transitive [re and embattle.] To array again for battle; to arrange again in the order of battle.

Re-Embattled

RE-EMBAT'TLED, participle passive Arrayed again for battle.

Re-Embattling

RE-EMBAT'TLING, participle of the present tense Arranging again in battle array.

Re-Embody

RE-EMBOD'Y, verb transitive [re and embody.] To embody again.

Re-Enact

RE-ENACT', verb transitive [re and enact.] To enact again.

Arbuthnot.

Re-Enacted

RE-ENACT'ED, participle passive Enacted again.

Re-Enacting

RE-ENACT'ING, participle of the present tense Enacting anew; passing again into a law.

Re-Enaction

RE-ENAC'TION, noun The passing into a law again.

Re-Enactment

RE-ENACT'MENT, noun The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of a law. Key.

Wheaton's Rep.

Re-Enforce

RE-ENFORCE, verb transitive [re and enforce.] To strengthen with new force, assistance or support, as to re-enforce an argument; but particularly, to strengthen an army or a fort with additional troops, or a navy with additional ships.

Re-Enforced

RE-ENFORCED, participle passive Strengthened by additional force, troops or ships.

Re-Enforcement

RE-ENFORCEMENT, noun The act of reenforcing.

2. Additional force; fresh assistance; particularly, additional troops or force to augment the strength of an army or of ships.

3. Any augmentation of strength or force by something added.

Re-Enforcing

RE-ENFORCING, participle of the present tense Strengthening by additional force.

Re-Engage

RE-ENGA'GE, verb transitive To engage a second time.

Re-Engage

RE-ENGA'GE, verb intransitive To engage again; to enlist a second time; to covenant again.

Mitford.

Re-Enjoy

RE-ENJOY', verb transitive [re and enjoy.] To enjoy anew or a second time.

Pope.

Re-Enjoyed

RE-ENJOY'ED, participle passive Enjoyed again.

Re-Enjoying

RE-ENJOY'ING, participle of the present tense Enjoying anew.

Re-Enjoyment

RE-ENJOY'MENT, noun A second or repeated enjoyment.

Re-Enkindle

RE-ENKIN'DLE, verb transitive [re and enkindle.] To enkindle again; to rekindle.

Taylor.

Re-Enkindled

RE-ENKIN'DLED, participle passive Enkindled again.

Re-Enkindling

RE-ENKIN'DLING, participle of the present tense Enkindling anew.

Re-Enlist

RE-ENLIST', verb transitive To enlist a second time. [See Re-inlist.]

Re-Enter

RE-EN'TER, verb transitive [re and enter.] To enter again or anew.

Re-Enter

RE-EN'TER, verb intransitive To enter anew.

Re-Entered

RE-EN'TERED, participle passive Entered again.

Re-Entering

RE-EN'TERING, participle of the present tense Entering anew.

2. Entering in return; as salient and re-entering angles.

Encyc.

Re-Enthrone

RE-ENTHRO'NE, verb transitive [re and enthrone.] To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.

Southern.

Re-Enthroned

RE-ENTHRO'NED, participle passive Raised again to a throne.

Re-Enthroning

RE-ENTHRO'NING, participle of the present tense Replacing on a throne.

Re-Entrance

RE-EN'TRANCE, noun [re and entrance.] The act of entering again.

Hooker.

Reermouse

RE'ERMOUSE, noun [Saxon hreremus.] A rearmouse; a bat.

Re-Establish

RE-ESTAB'LISH, verb transitive [re and establish.] To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; as, to re-establish a covenant; to re-establish health.

Re-Established

RE-ESTAB'LISHED, participle passive Established or confirmed again.

Re-Establisher

RE-ESTAB'LISHER, noun One who establishes again.

Re-Establishing

RE-ESTAB'LISHING, participle of the present tense Establishing anew; confirming again.

Re-Establishment

RE-ESTAB'LISHMENT, noun The act of establishing again; the state of being re-established; renewed confirmation; restoration.

Addison.

Re-Estate

RE-ESTA'TE, verb transitive [re and estate.] To reestablish. [Not used.]

Waller.

Reeve

REEVE, noun [Saxon gerefa; German graf.] A steward. Obs.

Dryden.

Reeve

REEVE, noun A bird, the female of the ruff.

Reeve

REEVE, verb transitive In seamen's language, to pass the end of a rope through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ring-bolt, cringle, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Re-Examination

RE-EXAMINA'TION, noun A renewed or repeated examination.

Re-Examine

RE-EXAM'INE, verb transitive [re and examine.] To examine anew.

Hooker.

Re-Examined

RE-EXAM'INED, participle passive Examined again.

Re-Examining

RE-EXAM'INING, participle of the present tense Examining anew.

Re-Exchange

RE-EXCHANGE, noun [re and exchange.] A renewed exchange.

2. In commerce, the exchange chargeable on the redraft of a bill of exchange.

The rate of re-exchange is regulated with respect to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was drawn. Re-exchanges cannot be cumulated.

Walsh.

Re-Export

RE-EXPORT, verb transitive [re and export.] To export again; to export what has been imported. In the United States, a drawback is allowed on commodities re-exported.

Re-Export

RE-EX'PORT, noun Any commodity re-exported.

Re-Exportation

RE-EXPORTA'TION, noun The act of exporting what has been imported.

Re-Exported

RE-EXPORTED, participle passive Exported after being imported.

Re-Exporting

RE-EXPORTING, participle of the present tense Exporting what has been imported.

Refect

REFECT', verb transitive [Latin refectus, reficio; re and facio, to make.]

To refresh; to restore after hunger or fatigue. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Refection

REFEC'TION, noun [French from Latin refectio.]

1. Refreshment after hunger or fatigue.

South. Pope.

2. A spare meal or repast.

Encyc.

Refective

REFECT'IVE, adjective Refreshing; restoring.

Refective

REFECT'IVE, noun That which refreshes.

Refectory

REFECT'ORY, noun [French refectoire.] A room of refreshment; properly, a hall or apartment in convents and monasteries, where a moderate repast is taken.

Encyc.

Refel

REFEL', verb transitive [Latin refello.] To refute; to disprove; to repress; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister. [Little used.]

Shak.

Refer

REFER', verb transitive [Latin refero; re and fero, to bear; French referrer; Italian referire; Spanish Portugese referir.]

1. To direct, leave or deliver over to another person or tribunal for information or decision; as when parties to a suit refer their cause to another court; or the court refers a cause to individuals for examination and report. A person whose opinion is requested, sometimes refers the inquirer to another person or other source of information.

2. To reduce as to the ultimate end.

You profess and practice to refer all things to yourself.

Bacon.

3. To reduce; to assign; as to an order, genus or class. Naturalists are sometimes at a loss to know to what class or genus an animal or plant is to be referred.

To refer one's self, to betake; to apply. [Little used.]

Shak.

Refer

REFER', verb intransitive To respect; to have relation. Many passages of Scripture refer to the peculiar customs of the orientals.

2. To appeal; to have recourse; to apply.

In suits it is good ro refer to some friend of trust.

Bacon.

3. To allude; to have respect to by intimation without naming. I refer to a well known fact.

Referable

REF'ERABLE, adjective That may be referred; capable of being considered in relation to something else.

More.

2. That may be assigned; that may be considered as belonging to or related to.

It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain between bodies, are referable to one general cause.

Nicholson.

Referee

REFEREE', noun One to whom a thing is referred; particularly, a person appointed by a court to hear, examine and decide a cause between parties, pending before the court, and make report to the court. In New England, a referee differs from an arbitrator, in being appointed by the court to decide in a cause which is depending before that court. An arbitrator is chosen by parties to decide a cause between them.

Reference

REF'ERENCE, noun A sending, dismission or direction to another for information.

Swift.

2. Relation; respect; view towards.

The christian religion commands sobriety, temperance and moderation, in reference to our appetites and passions.

Tillotson.

3. Allusion to. In his observations he had no reference to the case which has been stated.

4. In law, the process of assigning a cause depending in court, for a hearing and decision, to persons appointed by the court.

Referendary

REFEREND'ARY, noun One to whose decision a cause is referred. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions.

Harmar.

Referment

REFER'MENT, noun Reference for decision. [Not used.]

Laud.

Re-Ferment

RE-FERMENT', verb transitive [re and ferment.] To ferment again.

Blackmore.

Referred

REFER'RED, participle passive Dismissed or directed to another; assigned, as to a class, order or cause; assigned by a court to persons appointed to decide.

Referrible

REFER'RIBLE, adjective That may be referred; referable.

Brown.

Referring

REFER'RING, participle of the present tense Dismissing or directing to another for information; alluding; assigning, as to a class, order, cause, &c.; or assigning to private persons for decision.

Re-Find

RE-FIND, verb transitive [re and find.] To find again; to experience anew.

Sandys.

Refine

REFI'NE, verb transitive [French raffiner; Italian raffinare; Spanish Portugese refinar; re and fine.]

1. To purify; in a general sense; applied to liquors, to depurate; to defecate; to clarify; to separate, as liquor, from all extraneous matter. In this sense, the verb is used with propriety, but it is customary to use fine.

2. Applied to metals, to separate the metallic substance from all other matter, whether another metal or alloy, or any earthy substance; in short, to detach the pure metal from all extraneous matter.

I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined. Zechariah 13.

3. To purify, as manners, from what is gross, clownish or vulgar; to polish; to make elegant. We expect to see refined manners in courts.

4. To purify, as language, by removing vulgar words and barbarisms.

5. To purify, as taste; to give a nice and delicate perception of beauty and propriety in literature and the arts.

6. To purify, as the mind or moral principles; to give or implant in the mind a nice perception of truth, justice and propriety in commerce and social intercourse. This nice perception of what is right constitutes rectitude of principle, or moral refinement of mind; and a correspondent practice of social duties, constitutes rectitude of conduct or purity of morals. Hence we speak of a refined mind, refined morals, refined principles.

To refine the heart or soul, to cleanse it from all carnal or evil affections and desires, and implant in it holy or heavenly affections.

Refine

REFI'NE, verb intransitive To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or in any thing that constitutes excellence.

Chaucer refined on Boccace and mended his stories.

Dryden.

Let a lord but own the happy lines, How the wit brightens, how the sense refines!

Pope.

2. To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.

So the pure limpid stream, when foul with stains,

Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines.

Addison.

3. To affect nicety. Men sometimes refine in speculation beyond the limits of practical truth.

He makes another paragraph about our refining in controversy.

Atterbury.

Refined

REFI'NED, participle passive Purified; separated from extraneous matter; assayed, as metals; clarified, as liquors; polished; separated from what is coarse, rude or improper.

Refinedly

REFI'NEDLY, adverb With affected nicety or elegance.

Dryden.

Refinedness

REFI'NEDNESS, noun State of being refined; purity; refinement; also, affected purity.

Barrow.

Refinement

REFI'NEMENT, noun The act of purifying by separating from a substance all extraneous matter; a clearing from dross, dregs or recrement; as the refinement of metals or liquors.

2. The state of being pure.

The more bodies are of a kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the more diffusive are they.

Norris.

3. Polish of language; elegance purity.

From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its refinements.

Swift.

4. Polish of manners; elegance; nice observance of the civilities of social intercourse and of graceful decorum. Refinement of manners is often found in persons of corrupt morals.

5. Purity of taste; nice perception of beauty and propriety in literature and the arts.

6. Purity of mind and morals; nice perception and observance of rectitude in moral principles and practice.

7. Purity of heart; the state of the heart purified from sensual and evil affections. This refinement is the effect of christian principles.

8. Artificial practice; subtilty; as the refinements of cunning.

Rogers.

9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improvement; as the refinements of reasoning or philosophy.

Refiner

REFI'NER, noun One that refines metals or other things.

Bacon.

2. An improver in purity and elegance; as a refiner of language.

Swift.

3. An inventor of superfluous subtilties; one is who over nice in discrimination, in argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c.

Refinery

REFI'NERY, noun The place and apparatus for refining metals.

Refining

REFI'NING, participle of the present tense Purifying; separating from alloy or any extraneous matter; polishing; improving in accuracy, delicacy or purity.

Refit

REFIT', verb transitive [re and fit.] To fit or prepare again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit ships of war.

Refitted

REFIT'TED, participle passive Prepared again; repaired.

Refitting

REFIT'TING, participle of the present tense Repairing after damage or decay.

Reflect

REFLECT', verb transitive [Latin reflecto; re and flecto, to bend; French reflechir; Italian riflettere.]

To throw back; to return. In the rainbow, the rays of light are reflected as well as refracted.

Bodies close together reflect their own color.

Dryden.

Reflect

REFLECT', verb intransitive To throw back light; to return rays or beams; as a reflecting mirror or gem.

Shak.

2. To bend back.

Bentley.

3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon the past operations of the mind or upon past events. We reflect with pleasure on a generous or heroic action; we reflect with pain on our follies and vices; we reflect on our former thoughts, meditations and opinions.

4. To consider attentively; to revolve in the mind; to contemplate; as, I will reflect on this subject.

And as I much reflected, much I mourn'd.

Prior.

In every action, reflect upon the end.

Taylor.

[To reflect on things future, is not strictly possible, yet the words is often used as synonymous with meditate and contemplate.]

5. To bring reproach.

Errors of wives reflect on husband still.

Dryden.

To reflect on, to cast censure or reproach. I do not reflect in the least on the memory of his late majesty.

Swift.

Reflected

REFLECT'ED, participle passive Thrown back; returned; as reflected light.

Reflectent

REFLECT'ENT, adjective Bending or flying back; as the ray descendent, and ray reflectent.

Digby.

Reflectible

REFLECT'IBLE, adjective That may be reflected or thrown back.

Gregory.

Reflecting

REFLECT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing back.

2. Turning back, as thoughts upon themselves or upon past events.

3. Reflecting on, casting censure or reproach.

Reflectingly

REFLECT'INGLY, adverb With reflection; with censure.

Swift.

Reflection

REFLEC'TION, noun [from reflect.] The act of throwing back; as the reflection of light or colors. The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are always equal.

2. The act of bending back.

Bentley.

3. That which is reflected.

As the sun in water we can bear,

Yet not the sun, but his reflection there.

Dryden.

4. The operation of the mind by which it turns its views back upon itself and its operations; the review or reconsideration of past thoughts, opinions or decisions of the mind, or of past events.

Encyc.

5. Thought thrown back on itself, on the past or on the absent; as melancholy reflections; delightful reflections.

Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate, at the same time afflicted and encouraged him.

Atterbury.

6. The expression of thought.

7. Attentive consideration; meditation; contemplation.

This delight grows and improves under thought and reflection.

South.

8. Censure; reproach cast.

He died, and oh! may no reflection shed

Its pois'nous venom on the royal dead.

Prior.

Reflective

REFLECT'IVE, adjective Throwing back images; as a reflective mirror.

In the reflective stream the sighing bride,

Viewing her charms impair'dÃ‚--

Prior.

2. Considering the operations of the mind, or things past; as reflective reason.

Prior.

Reflector

REFLECT'OR, noun One who reflects or considers.

Boyle.

2. That which reflects.

Reflex

RE'FLEX, adjective [Latin reflexus.] Directed back; as a reflex act of the soul, the turning of the intellectual eye inward upon its own actions.

Hale.

2. Designating the parts of a painting illuminated by light reflected from another part of the same picture.

Encyc.

3. In botany, bent back; reflected.

Reflex

REFLEX', noun Reflection. [Not used.]

Hooker.

Reflex

REFLEX', verb transitive To reflect.

Shak.

2. To bend back; to turn back. [Little used.]

Gregory.

Reflexibility

REFLEXIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being reflexible or capable of being reflected; as the reflexibility of the rays of light.

Newton.

Reflexible

REFLEX'IBLE, adjective Capable of being reflected or thrown back.

The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible and reflexible.

Cheyne.

Reflexion

REFLEX'ION. [See Reflection.]

Reflexity

REFLEX'ITY, noun Capacity of being reflected.

Reflexive

REFLEX'IVE, adjective Having respect to something past.

Assurance reflexive cannot be a divine faith.

Hammond.

Reflexively

REFLEX'IVELY, adverb In a direction backward.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Refloat

RE'FLOAT, noun [re and float.] Reflux; ebb; a flowing back. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Reflorescence

REFLORES'CENCE, noun [re and florescence.] A blossoming anew.

Reflourish

REFLOURISH, v. i. reflur'ish. [re and flourish.] To flourish anew.

Milton.

Reflourishing

REFLOUR'ISHING, participle of the present tense Flourishing again.

Reflow

REFLOW, verb intransitive [re and flow.] To flow back; to ebb.

Reflowing

REFLOWING, participle of the present tense Flowing back; ebbing.

Darwin.

Refluctuation

REFLUCTUA'TION, noun A flowing back.

Refluence

REF'LUENCE, or REF'LUENCY, noun [from refluent.] A flowing back.

Mountague.

Refluent

REF'LUENT, adjective [Latin refluens; re and fluo.]

1. Flowing back; ebbing; as the refluent tide.

2. Flowing back; returning, as a fluid; as refluent blood.

Arbuthnot.

Reflux

RE'FLUX, noun [French from Latin refluxus.] A flowing back; the returning of a fluid; as the flux and reflux of the tides; the flux and reflux of Euripus.

Brown.

Refocillate

REFO'CILLATE, verb transitive [Italian refocillare; Spanish refocilar; Latin refocillo; re and the root of focus.] To refresh; to revive; to give new vigor to. [Little used.]

Aubrey.

Refocillation

REFOCILLA'TION, noun The act of refreshing or giving new vigor; restoration of strength by refreshment. [Little used.]

Middleton.

Refoment

REFOMENT, verb transitive [re and foment.] To foment anew; to warm or cherish again.

Cotgrave.

2. To excite anew.

Refomented

REFOMENT'ED, participle passive Fomented or incited anew.

Refomenting

REFOMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Fomenting anew; exciting again.

Reform

REFORM', verb transitive [French reformer; Latin reformo; re and formo, to form.]

1. To change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; to restore to a former good state, or to bring from a bad to a good state; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.

The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age, but that of a good one will not reform it.

Swift.

2. To change from bad to good; to remove that which is bad or corrupt; as, to reform abuses; to reform the vices of the age.

Reform

REFORM', verb intransitive To abandon that which is evil or corrupt, and return to a good state; to be amended or corrected. A man of settled habits of vice will seldom reform.

Re-Form

RE'-FORM, verb transitive [re and form; with the accent on the first syllable.] To form again; to create or shape anew.

Reform

REFORM', noun Reformation; amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt or depraved; as the reform of parliamentary elections; reform of government.

Reformation

REF'ORMATION, noun The act of reforming; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of any thing vicious or corrupt; as the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses.

Satire lashes vice into reformation.

Dryden.

2. By way of eminence, the change of religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive purity, begun by Luther, A. Dutch 1517.

Re-Formation

RE-FORMA'TION, noun The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as the

re-formation of a column of troops into a hollow square.

Mitford.

Reformed

REFORM'ED, participle passive Corrected; amended; restored to a good state; as a reformed profligate; the reformed church.

Re-Formed

RE'-FORMED, participle passive Formed anew.

Reformer

REFORM'ER, noun One who effects a reformation or amendment; as a reformer of manners or of abuses.

2. One of those who commenced the reformation of religion from popish corruption; as Luther, Melancthon, Zuinglius and Calvin.

Reforming

REFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Correcting what is wrong; amending; restoring to a good state.

Re-Forming

RE'-FORMING, participle of the present tense Forming anew.

Reformist

REFORM'IST, noun One who is of the reformed religion.

Howell.

2. One who proposes or favors a political reform.

Refortification

REFORTIFICA'TION, noun A fortifying a second time.

Mitford.

Refortify

REFOR'TIFY, verb transitive [re and fortify.] To fortify anew.

Refossion

REFOS'SION, noun The act of digging up.

Bp. Hall.

Refound

REFOUND', verb transitive [re and found.] To found or cast anew.

Warton.

Refract

REFRACT', verb transitive [Latin refractus, refringo, re and frango, to break.]

To break the natural course of the rays of light; to cause to deviate from a direct course. A dense medium refracts the rays of light, as they pass into it from a rare medium.

Refractarias

REFRACTA'RIAS, noun A mineral.

Refracted

REFRACT'ED, participle passive Turned from a direct course, as rays of light.

2. adjective In botany, bent back at an acute angle; as a refracted corol.

Martyn.

Refracting

REFRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning from a direct course.

2. adjective That turns rays from a direct course; as a refracting medium.

Refraction

REFRACTION, noun The deviation of a moving body, chiefly rays of light, from a direct course. This is occasioned by the different densities of the mediums through which light passes.

Refraction out of a rarer medium into a denser, is made towards the perpendicular

Newton.

Refraction may be caused by a body's falling obliquely out of one medium into another.

Encyc.

Refraction double, the separation of a ray of light into two separate parts, by passing through certain transparent mediums, as the Iceland crystal. All crystals, except those whose primitive form is either a cube or a regular octahedron, exhibit double refraction.

Refractive

REFRACT'IVE, adjective That refracts or has power to refract or turn from a direct course; as refractive densities.

Newton.

Refractoriness

REFRACT'ORINESS, noun [from refractory.]

Perverse to sullen obstinacy in opposition or disobedience.

I never allowed any man's refractoriness against the privileges and orders of the house.

K. Charles.

Refractory

REFRACT'ORY, adjective [French refractaire; Latin refractarius, from refragor, to resist; re and fragor, from frango.]

1. Sullen or perverse in opposition or disobedience; obstinate in non-compliance; as a refractory child; a refractory servant. Raging appetites that are

Most disobedient and refractory.

Shak.

2. Unmanageable; obstinately unyielding; as a refractory beast.

3. Applied to metals, difficult of fusion; not easily yielding to the force of heat.

Refractory

REFRACT'ORY, noun A person obstinate in opposition or disobedience.

Hall.

2. Obstinate opposition. [Not used. ]

Taylor.

Refragable

REFRA'GABLE, adjective [Latin refragor; re and frango]

That may be refuted, that is, broken.

Refrain

REFRA'IN, verb transitive [French refrener; Italian rinfrenare; Latin refroeno; re and froeno, to curb; froenum, a rein. See

Rein.]

To hold back; to restrain; to keep from action.

My sonÃ‚--refrain thy foot from their path. Proverbs 1.

Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by. Genesis 45.

Refrain

REFRA'IN, verb intransitive To forbear; to abstain; to keep one's self from action or interference.

Refrain from these men and let them alone. Acts 5.

Refrain

REFRA'IN, noun [French refrein.] The burden of a song; a kind of musical repetition.

Mason.

Refrained

REFRA'INED, participle passive Held back; restrained.

Refraining

REFRA'INING, participle of the present tense Holding back; forbearing.

Reframe

REFRA'ME, verb transitive [re and frame.] To frame again.

Hakewill.

Refrangibility

REFRANGIBIL'ITY, noun [from refrangible.] The disposition of rays of light to be refracted or turned out of a direct course, in passing out of one transparent body or medium into another.

Newton.

Refrangible

REFRAN'GIBLE, adjective [Latin re and frango, to break.]

Capable of being refracted or turned out of a direct course in passing from one medium to another; as rays of light.

Locke.

Refrenation

REFRENA'TION, noun [See Refrain.] The act of restraining. [Not used.]

Refresh

REFRESH', verb transitive [French rafraÃƒ-®chir; re and fraÃƒ-®chir, from fraÃƒ-®che, fresh; Lt. rinfrescare; Spanish Portugese refrescar. See Fresh.]

1. To cool; to allay heat.

A dew coming after a heat refresheth.

Ecclus.

2. To give new strength to; to invigorate; to relieve after fatigue; as, to refresh the body. A man or a beast is refreshed by food and rest. Exodus 23.

3. To revive; to reanimate after depression; to cheer; to enliven.

For they have refreshed my spirit and yours. 1 Corinthians 16.

4. To improve by new touches any thing impaired.

The rest refresh the scaly snakes.

Dryden.

5. To revive what is drooping; as, rain refreshes the plants.

Refresh

REFRESH', noun Act of refreshing. [Not used.]

Daniel.

Refreshed

REFRESH'ED, participle passive Cooled; invigorated; revived; cheered.

Refresher

REFRESH'ER, noun He or that which refreshes, revives or invigorates.

Thomson.

Refreshing

REFRESH'ING, participle of the present tense or adjective Cooling; invigorating; reviving; reanimating.

Refreshing

REFRESH'ING, noun Refreshment; relief after fatigue or suffering.

Mortimer.

Refreshment

REFRESH'MENT, noun Act of refreshing; or new strength or vigor received after fatigue; relief after suffering; applied to the body.

2. New life or animation after depression; applied to the mind or spirits.

3. That which gives fresh strength or vigor, as food or rest.

South. Sprat.

Refret

REFRET', noun The burden of a song.

Dict.

Refrigerant

REFRIG'ERANT, adjective [French See Refrigerate.] Cooling; allaying heat.

Bacon.

Refrigerant

REFRIG'ERANT, noun Among physicians, a medicine which abates heat and refreshes the patient.

Refrigerate

REFRIG'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin refrigero; re and frigus, cold.] To cool; to allay the heat of; to refresh.

Bacon.

Refrigerated

REFRIG'ERATED, participle passive Cooled.

Refrigerating

REFRIG'ERATING, participle of the present tense Allaying heat; cooling.

Refrigeration

REFRIGERA'TION, noun The act of cooling; the abatement of heat; state of being cooled.

Bacon.

Refrigerative

REFRIG'ERATIVE, adjective Cooling.

Refrigerative

REFRIG'ERATIVE, noun A remedy that allays heat.

Refrigeratory

REFRIG'ERATORY, adjective Cooling; mitigating heat.

Refrigeratory

REFRIG'ERATORY, noun In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, through which the worm passes; by which means the vapors are condensed as they pass through the worm.

2. Any thing internally cooling.

Mortimer.

Refrigerium

REFRIGE'RIUM, noun [Latin] Cooling refreshment; refrigeration. [Not in use.]

South.

Reft

REFT, participle passive of reave. Deprived; bereft. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. pret. of reave. Took away. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Reft

REFT, noun A chink. [See Rift.]

Refuge

REF'UGE, noun [French from Latin refugium, refugio; re and fugio, to flee.]

1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress.

Ã‚--Rocks, dens and caves, but I in none of these Find place or refuge.

Milton.

We have made lies our refuge. Isaiah 28.

Ã‚--We might have strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold on the hope set before us. Hebrews 6.

2. That which shelters or protects from danger, distress or calamity; a strong hold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; any place inaccessible to an enemy.

The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats. Psalm 104.

The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. Psalm 9.

3. An expedient to secure protection or defense.

This last old manÃ‚--

Their latest refuge was to send to him.

Shak.

4. Expedient, in general.

Light must be supplied, among graceful refuges, by terracing any story in danger of darkness.

Wotton.

Cities of refuge, among the Israelites, certain cities appointed to secure the safety of such persons as might commit homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. Joshua 20.

Refuge

REF'UGE. verb transitive To shelter; to protect.

Refugee

REFUGEE', noun [French refugiÃƒ-©.] One who flies to a shelter or place of safety.

Dryden.

2. One who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign country for safety; as the French refugees, who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantz, and settled in Flanders and America; the refugees from Hispaniola, in 1792; and the American refugees, who left their country at the revolution.

Refulgence

REFUL'GENCE, or REFUL'GENCY, noun [Latin refulgens, refulgeo; re and fulgeo, to shine.] A flood of light; splendor.

Refulgent

REFUL'GENT, adjective Casting a bright light; shining; splendid; as refulgent beams; refulgent light; refulgent arms.

A conspicuous and refulgent truth.

Boyle.

Refulgently

REFUL'GENTLY, adverb With a flood of light; with great brightness.

Refund

REFUND', verb transitive [Latin refundo; re and fundo. to pour.] To pour back.

Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would refund that color upon the object. [Unusual or obsolete.]

Ray.

2. To repay; to return in payment or compensation for what has been taken; to restore; as, to refund money taken wrongfully; to refund money advanced with interest; to refund the amount advanced.

Refunded

REFUND'ED, participle passive Poured back; repaid.

Refunding

REFUND'ING, participle of the present tense Pouring back; returning by payment or compensation.

Refusable

REFU'SABLE, adjective s as z. [from refuse.] That may be refused.

Young.

Refusal

REFU'SAL, noun s as z. The act of refusing; denial of any thing demanded, solicited or offered for acceptance. The first refusal is not always proof that the request will not be ultimately granted.

2. The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; pre-emption. We say, a man has the refusal of a farm or a horse, or the refusal of an employment.

Refuse

REFU'SE, verb transitive s as z. [French refuser; Armoric reusi, reusein; Italian rifiutare, rifusare; Spanish rehusar; Portugese refusar; Latin recuso; re and the root of causor, to accuse; causa, cause. The primary sense of causor is to drive, to throw or thrust at, and recuso is to drive back, to repel or repulse, the sense of refuse.]

1. To deny a request, demand, invitation or command; to decline to do or grant what is solicited, claimed or commanded.

Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border. Numbers 20.

2. To decline to accept what is offered; as, to refuse an office; to refuse an offer.

If they refuse to take the cup at thy handÃ‚--Jeremiah 25.

3. To reject; as, to refuse instruction or reproof. Proverbs 10.

The stone which the builders refused is become the head of the corner. Psalm 118.

[NOTE.Ã‚--Refuse expresses rejection more strongly than decline.]

Refuse

REFU'SE, verb intransitive s as z. To decline to accept; not to comply.

Too proud to ask, to humble too refuse.

Garth.

Refuse

REF'USE, adjective [French refus, refusal, denial, and that which is denied.]

Literally, refused; rejected; hence, worthless; of no value; left as unworthy of reception; as the refuse parts of stone or timber.

Please to bestow on him the refuse letters.

Spectator.

Refuse

REF'USE, noun That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste matter.

Hooker. Bacon. Addison.

Refuse

REFU'SE, noun Refusal. Obs.

Fairfax.

Refused

REFU'SED, participle passive Denied; rejected; not accepted.

Refuser

REFU'SER, noun One that refuses or rejects.

Taylor.

Refusing

REFU'SING, participle of the present tense Denying; declining to accept; rejecting.

Refutable

REFU'TABLE, adjective [from refute.] That may be refuted or disproved; that may be proved false or erroneous.

Refutal

REFU'TAL, noun Refutation. [Not used.]

Refutation

REFUTA'TION, noun [Latin refutatio. See Refute.]

The act or process of refuting or disproving; the act of proving to be false or erroneous; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.

Bentley.

Refute

REFU'TE, verb transitive [French refuter; Latin refuto; re and futo, obs. The primary sense of futo, is to drive or thrust, to beat back. Class Bd.]

To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute. We say, to refute arguments, to refute testimony, to refute opinions or theories, to refute a disputant.

There were so many witnesses to these two miracles, that it is impossible to refute such multitudes.

Addison.

Refuted

REFU'TED, participle passive Disproved; proved to be false or erroneous.

Refuter

REFU'TER, noun One that refutes.

Refuting

REFU'TING, participle of the present tense Proving to be false or erroneous; confuting.

Regain

REGA'IN, verb transitive [re and gain; French regagner.]

To gain anew; to recover what has escaped or been lost.

Milton.

Regained

REGA'INED, participle passive Recovered; gained anew.

Regaining

REGA'INING, participle of the present tense Gaining anew; recovering.

Regal

RE'GAL, adjective [French from Latin regalis, from rex, Sanscrit raja, connected with rego, to govern; Saxon recan or reccan, to say, to reck, to reckon, to rule, to direct; the root of right, Latin rectus, Saxon reht. See Reck and Reckon.]

Pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as a regal title; regal authority; regal state, pomp or splendor; regal power or sway. But we say, a royal or kingly government, not a regal one. We never say, a regal territory, regal dominions, regal army, or regal navy. Regal expresses what is more personal.

Regal

RE'GAL, noun [French rÃƒ-©gale.] A musical instrument.

Bacon.

Regale

REGA'LE, noun [French rÃƒ-©gale.] The prerogative of monarchy.

Johnson.

Regale

REGA'LE, noun [See the verb, below.] A magnificent entertainment or treat given to embassadors and other persons of distinction.

Encyc.

Regale

REGA'LE, verb transitive [French regaler; Spanish regalar, to regale, to refresh, entertain, caress, cajole, delight, cherish; regalarse, to entertain one's self, to take pleasure, also to melt, to be dissolved; Portugese regalar, to regale, to treat daintily, to delight; Italian regalare, to present with gifts, to regale, to season. This word is probably a compound of re and the root of Italian galloria, a transport of joy, gallare, to exult, gala, ornament, Portugese galhofa, mirth, good cheer, Spanish gallardo, gay, French gaillard, &c. In Russian jaluyu signifies to regale, to gratify with presents, to visit, &c. The primary sense is to excite, to rouse and be brisk, or to shoot, leap, dart or rush. We probably see the same root in the gale, gallant, Greek, French joli, jolly, and in many other words.]

To refresh; to entertain with something that delights; to gratify, as the senses; as, to regale the taste, the eye or the ear. The birds of the forest regale us with their songs.

Regale

REGA'LE, verb transitive To feast; to fare sumptuously.

Regaled

REGA'LED, participle passive Refreshed; entertained; gratified.

Regalement

REGA'LEMENT. noun Refreshment; entertainment; gratification.

Regalia

REGA'LIA, noun [Latin from rex, king.] Ensigns of royalty; the apparatus of a coronation; as the crown, scepter, &c.

2. In law, the rights and prerogatives of a king.

Blackstone.

Regaling

REGA'LING, participle of the present tense Refreshing; entertaining; gratifying.

Regality

REGAL'ITY, noun [from Latin regalis; Italian realtÃƒ- ; French royautÃƒ-©.] Royalty; sovereignty; kingship.

He came partly in by the sword and had high courage in all points of regality.

Bacon.

Regally

RE'GALLY, adverb In a royal manner.

Milton.

Regard

REG`ARD, verb transitive [French regarder; Italian riguardare; from French garder, to guard, keep, defend; Italian guardare, to guard, to look, view, behold, to beware, to take heed, to discern. The primary sense of guard is to drive off or repel, and thus to protect, or to hold, keep, retain; probably the former. To regard is to extend or direct the eye to an object, or to hold it in view. We observe a somewhat similar process of deriving the sense of looking, in the Italian scorto, seen, perceived, prudent, guided, convoyed, wary, crafty, discerning, and as a noun, an abridgment; scorta, a guide, an escort, a guard.]

1. To look towards; to point or be directed.

It is a peninsula which regardeth the mainland.

Sandys.

2. To observe; to notice with some particularity.

If much you note him,

You offend him; feed and regard him not.

Shak.

3. To attend to with respect and estimation; to value.

This aspect of mine,

The best regarded virgins of your clime

Have lov'd.

Shak.

4. To attend to as a thing that affects our interest or happiness; to fix the mind on as a matter of importance. He does not regard the pain he feels. He does not regard the loss he has suffered. He regards only the interest of the community.

5. To esteem; to hold in respect and affection. The people regard their pastor, and treat him with great kindness. 2 Kings 3.

6. To keep; to observe with religious or solemn attention.

He that regardeth the day, regardeth it to the Lord. Romans 14.

7. To attend to as something to influence our conduct.

He that regardeth the clouds shall not reap. Ecclesiastes 11.

8. To consider seriously; to lay to heart. They regard not the work of the Lord. ls. v.

9. To notice with pity or concern. Deuteronomy 28.

10. To notice favorably or with acceptance; to hear and answer.

He will regard the prayer of the destitute. Psalm 102.

11. To love and esteem; to practice; as, to regard iniquity in the heart. Psalm 66.

12. To respect; to have relation to. The argument does not regard the question.

To regard the person, to value for outward honor, wealth or power. Matthew 22.

Regard

REG`ARD, noun [French regard; Italian riguardo.]

1. Look; aspect directed to another.

But her with stern regard he thus repell'd. [Nearly or quite obsolete.]

Milton.

2. Attention of the mind; respect in relation to something. He has no regard to the interest of society; his motives are wholly selfish.

3. Respect; esteem; reverence; that view of the mind which springs from value, estimable qualities, or any thing that excites admiration.

With some regard to what is just and right They'll lead their lives.

Milton.

To him they had regard, because of long time he had bewitched them with sorceries. Acts 8.

4. Respect; account.

Change was thought necessary, in regard of the injury the church received by a number of things then in use.

Hooker.

5. Relation; reference.

To persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, in regard to themselves; in justice and goodness, in regard to their neighbors; and piety towards God.

Watts.

6. Note; eminence; account.

Mac Ferlagh was a man of meanest regard among them.

Spenser.

7. Matter demanding notice.

Spenser.

8. Prospect; object of sight. [Not proper nor in use.]

Shak.

9. In the forest laws, view; inspection.

Court of regard, or survey of dogs, a forest court in England, held every third year for the lawing or expeditation of mastifs, that is, for cutting off the claws and ball of the fore feet, to prevent them from running after deer.

Blackstone.

Regardable

REG`ARDABLE, adjective Observable; worthy of notice.

Brown. Carew.

Regardant

REG`ARDANT, adjective In law, a villain regardant is one annexed to the manor or land.

Blackstone.

2. In heraldry, looking behind, as a lion or other beast.

Encyc.

Regarded

REG`ARDED, participle passive Noticed; observed; esteemed; respected.

Regarder

REG`ARDER, noun One that regards.

2. In law, the regarder of the forest is an officer whose business is to view the forest, inspect the officers, and inquire of all offenses and defaults.

Eng.

Regardful

REG`ARDFUL, adjective Taking notice; heedful; observing with care; attentive.

Let a man be very tender and regardful of every pious motion made by the Spirit of God on his heart.

South.

Regardfully

REG`ARDFULLY, adverb Attentively; heedfully.

2. Respectfully.

Shak.

Regarding

REG`ARDING, participle of the present tense Noticing; considering with care; attending to; observing; esteeming; caring for.

2. Respecting; concerning; relating to.

Regardless

REG`ARDLESS, adjective Not looking or attending to; heedless; negligent; careless; as regardless of life or of health; regardless of danger; regardless of consequences.

Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat.

Milton.

2. Not regarded; slighted.

Spectator.

Regardlessly

REG`ARDLESSLY, adverb Heedlessly; carelessly; negligently.

Regardlessness

REG`ARDLESSNESS, noun Heedlessness; inattention; negligence.

Whitlock.

Regata

REGA'TA, or REGAT'TA, noun [Italian regatta.] In Venice, a grand rowing match in which many boats are rowed for a prize.

Regather

REGATH'ER, verb transitive To gather or collect a second time.

B. Trumbull.

Regathered

REGATH'ERED, participle passive Collected again.

Regathering

REGATH'ERING, participle of the present tense Gathering a second time.

Regel

REG'EL, or REG'IL, noun A fixed star of the first magnitude in Orion's left foot.

Regency

RE'GENCY, noun [Latin regens, from rego, to govern.]

1. Rule; authority; government.

Hooker.

2. Vicarious government.

Temple.

3. The district under the jurisdiction of a vicegerent.

Milton.

4. The body of men entrusted with vicarious government; as a regency constituted during a king's minority, insanity, or absence from the kingdom.

Regeneracy

REGEN'ERACY, noun [See Regenerate.] The state of being regenerated.

Hammond.

Regenerate

REGEN'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin regenero; re and genero. See Generate.]

1. To generate or produce anew; to reproduce.

Through all the soil a genial ferment spreads,

Regenerates the plants and new adorns the meads.

Blackmore.

2. In theology, to renew the heart by a change of affections; to change the heart and affections from natural enmity to the love of God; to implant holy affections in the heart.

Scott. Addison.

Regenerate

REGEN'ERATE, adjective [Latin regeneratus.] Reproduced.

Shak.

2. Born anew; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state.

Milton. Wake.

Regenerated

REGEN'ERATED, participle passive Reproduced.

2. Renewed; born again.

Regenerateness

REGEN'ERATENESS, noun The state of being regenerated.

Regenerating

REGEN'ERATING, participle of the present tense Reproducing.

2. Renovating the nature by the implantation of holy affections in the heart.

Regeneration

REGENERA'TION, noun Reproduction; the act of producing anew.

2. In theology, new birth by the grace of God; that change by which the will and natural enmity of man to God and his law are subdued, and a principle of supreme love to God and his law, or holy affections, are implanted in the heart.

He saved us by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit. Titus ~~.

Regeneratory

REGEN'ERATORY, adjective Renewing; having the power to renew; tending to reproduce or renovate.

Faber.

Regent

RE'GENT, adjective [Latin regens, from rego, to rule.]

1. Ruling; governing; as a regent principle.

Hale.

2. Exercising vicarious authority.

Milton.

Queen regent, a queen who governs; opposed to queen consort.

Regent

RE'GENT, noun A governor; a ruler; in a general sense; as Uriel, regent of the sun.

Milton.

2. One invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence or disability of the king.

Encyc.

3. In colleges, a teacher of arts and sciences, having pupils under his care, generally of the lower classes; those who instruct the higher classes being called professors.

Encyc.

4. In English universities, a master of arts under five years standing, and a doctor under two.

Encyc.

5. In the state of New York, the member of a corporate body which is invested with the superintendence of all the colleges, academies and schools in the state. This board consists of twenty one members, who are called "the regents of the university of the state of New York." They are appointed and removable by the legislature. They have power to grant acts of incorporation for colleges, to visit and inspect all colleges, academies and schools, and to make regulations for governing the same.

Stat. N. York.

Regentess

RE'GENTESS, noun A protectress of a kingdom.

Cotgrave.

Regentship

RE'GENTSHIP, noun The power of governing, or the office of a regent.

2. Deputed authority.

Shak.

Regerminate

REGERM'INATE, verb intransitive [re and germinate.] To germinate again.

Perennial plants regerminate several years successively.

Lee.

Regerminating

REGERM'INATING, participle of the present tense Germinating anew.

Regermination

REGERMINA'TION, noun A sprouting or germination anew.

Regest

REGEST', noun A register. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Regible

REG'IBLE, adjective Governable. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Regicide

REG'ICIDE, noun [Italian Spanish regicida; French regicide; Latin rex, king, and coedo, to slay.]

1. A king-killer; one who murders a king.

Dryden.

2. The killing or murder of a king.

Pope.

Regimen

REG'IMEN, noun [Latin from rego, to govern.]

1. In medicine, the regulation of diet with a view to the preservation or restoration of health; or in a more general sense, the regulation of all the non-naturals for the same purposes.

Encyc.

2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.

Hume.

3. In grammar, government; that part of syntax or construction, which regulates the dependency of words, and the alterations which one occasions or requires in another in connection with it; the words governed.

4. Orderly government; system of order.

Regiment

REG'IMENT, noun [Latin regimen.] In military affairs, a body of men, either horse, foot or artillery, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel and major, and consisting of a number of companies, usually from eight to ten.

2. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; as used by Hooker, Hale and others. [Wholly obsolete.]

Regiment

REG'IMENT, verb transitive To form into a regiment or into regiments with proper officers. [A military use of the word.]

Washington. Smollet.

Regimental

REGIMENT'AL, adjective Belonging to a regiment; as regimental officers; regimental clothing.

Regimentals

REGIMENT'ALS, n. plu. The uniform worn by the troops of a regiment.

Regimented

REG'IMENTED, participle passive Formed into a regiment; incorporated with a regiment.

Washington.

Region

REGION, n. re'jun. [French Spanish region; Italian regione; Latin regio; Irish crioch, with a prefix; from the root of reach, reck, Latin rego.]

1. A tract of land or space of indefinite extent, usually a tract of considerable extent. It is sometimes nearly synonymous with country; as all the region of Argob. Deuteronomy 3.

He had dominion over all the region on this side the river. 1 Kings 4.

So we speak of the airy region, the etherial regions, the upper regions, the lower regions.

2. The inhabitants of a region or district of country. Matthew 3.

3. A part of the body; as the region of the heart or liver.

4. Place; rank.

He is of too high a region. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Register

REG'ISTER, noun [French registre, regÃƒ-®tre; Low Latin registrum, from regero, to set down in writing; re and gero, to carry. But Spelman considers the word as formed of re and Norm. gister or giser, to lay, and equivalent to repository.]

1. A written account or entry of acts, judgments or proceedings, for preserving and conveying to future times an exact knowledge of transactions. The word appropriately denotes an official account of the proceedings of a public body, a prince, a legislature, a court, an incorporated company and the like, and in this use it is synonymous with record. But in a lax sense, it signifies any account entered on paper to preserve the remembrance of what is done.

2. The book in which a register or record is kept, as a parish register; also, a list, as the register of seamen.

3. [Low Latin registrarius.] The officer or person whose business is to write or enter in a book accounts of transactions, particularly of the acts and proceedings of courts or other public bodies; as the register of a court of probate; a register of deeds.

4. In chimistry and the arts, an aperture with a lid, stopper or sliding plate, in a furnace. st ove, &c. for regulating the admission of air and the heat of the fire.

5. The inner part of the mold in which types are cast.

6. In printing, the correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the sheet.

7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in an organ.

Parish register, a book in which are recorded the baptisms of children and the marriages and burials of the parish.

Register ship, a ship which obtains permission to trade to the Spanish West Indies and is registered before sailing.

Encyc.

Register

REG'ISTER, verb transitive To record; to write in a book for preserving an exact account of facts and proceedings. The Greeks and Romans registered the names of all children born.

2. To enroll; to enter in a list.

Milton.

Registership

REG'ISTERSHIP, noun The office of register.

Registrar

REG'ISTRAR, noun An officer in the English universities, who has the keeping of all the public records.

Encyc.

Registration

REGISTRA'TION, noun The act of inserting in a register.

Walsh.

Registry

REG'ISTRY, noun The act of recording or writing in a register.

2. The place where a register is kept.

3. A series of facts recorded.

Temple.

Reglement

REG'LEMENT, noun [French] Regulation. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Reglet

REG'LET, noun [French from rÃƒ-¨gle, rule, Latin regula, rego.]

A ledge of wood exactly planed, used by printers to separate lines and make the work more open.

Regnant

REG'NANT, adjective [French from regner, Latin regno, to reign.]

1. Relgning; exercising regal authority; as a queen regnant. The modern phrase is queen regent.

Wotton.

2. Ruling; predominant; prevalent; having the chief power; as vices regnant. We now say, reigning vices.

Swift.

Regorge

REGORGE, v. t. regorj'. [French regorger; re and gorge.]

1. To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back or out again.

Hayward.

2. To swallow again.

Dryden.

3. To swallow eagerly.

Milton.

Regrade

REGRA'DE, verb intransitive [Latin regredior; re and gradior, to go.] To retire; to go back. [Not used.]

Hales.

Regraft

REGR`AFT, verb transitive [re and graft.] To graft again.

Bacon.

Regrafted

REGR`AFTED, participle passive Grafted again.

Regrafting

REGR`AFTING, participle of the present tense Grafting anew.

Regrant

REGR`ANT, verb transitive [re and grant.] To grant back.

Ayliffe.

Regrant

REGR`ANT, noun The act of granting back to a former proprietor.

Regranted

REGR`ANTED, participle passive Granted back.

Regranting

REGR`ANTING, participle of the present tense Granting back.

Regrate

REGRA'TE, verb transitive [French regratter, to scratch again, to new-vamp, to regrate, or drive a huckster's trade; re and gratter, to grate, to scratch, to rake.]

1. To offend; to shock. [Little used.]

2. To buy provisions and sell them again in the same market or fair; a practice which, by raising the price, is a public offense and punishable. Regrating differs from engrossing and monopolizing, which signify the buying the whole of certain articles, or large quantities, and from forestalling, which signifies the purchase of provisions on the way, before they reach the market.

Blackstone.

Regrater

REGRA'TER, noun One who buys provisions and sells them in the same market or fair.

Regrating

REGRA'TING, participle of the present tense Purchasing provisions and selling them in the same market.

Regreet

REGREE'T, verb transitive [re and greet.] To greet again; to resalute.

Shak.

Regreet

REGREE'T, noun A return or exchange of salutation.

Shak.

Regreeted

REGREE'TED, participle passive Greeted again or in return.

Regreeting

REGREE'TING, participle of the present tense Greeting again; resaluting.

Regress

RE'GRESS, noun [French regrÃƒ-¨s; Latin regressus, regredior.]

1. Passage back; return; as ingress and regress.

2. The power of returning or passing back.

Regress

REGRESS', verb intransitive To go back; to return to a former place or state.

Brown.

Regression

REGRES'SION, noun The act of passing back or returning.

Brown.

Regressive

REGRESS'IVE, adjective Passing back; returning.

Regressively

REGRESS'IVELY, adverb In a backward way or manner; by return.

Johnson.

Regret

REGRET', noun [French regret; either from the root of grate, or more directly from the root of Spanish Portugese gritar, Italian gridare, Swedish grÃƒ-¥ta, Icelandic groet, Danish groeder, Gothic grietan, Welsh grydiaw, to scream or cry out, to utter a rough sound; in some dialects, to weep or lament. But grate and Spanish gritar are probably of the same family.]

1. Grief; sorrow; pain of mind. We feel regret at the loss of friends, regret for out own misfortunes, or for the misfortunes of others.

Never any prince expressed a more lively regret for the loss of a servant.

Clarendon.

Her piety itself would blame,

If her regrets should waken thine.

Prior.

2. Pain of conscience; remorse; as a passionate regret at sin.

Decay of Piety.

3. Dislike; aversion. [Not proper nor in use.]

Decay of Piety.

Regret

REGRET', verb transitive [French regretter.] To grieve at; to lament; to be sorry for; to repent.

Calmly he look'd on either life, and here

Saw nothing to regret, or there to fear.

Pope.

2. To be uneasy at. [Not proper nor in use.]

Glanville.

Regretful

REGRET'FUL, adjective Full of regret.

Fanshaw.

Regretfully

REGRET'FULLY, adverb With regret.

Greenhill.

Regretted

REGRET'TED, participle passive Lamented.

Regretting

REGRET'TING, participle of the present tense Lamenting; grieving at; repenting.

Reguerdon

REGUERDON, n. regerd'on. [re and French guerdon, a reward. See Reward.]

A reward; a recompense. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Reguerdon

REGUERDON, v. t. regerd'on. To reward. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Regular

REG'ULAR, adjective [Spanish id.; French regulier; Latin regularis, from regula, a rule, from rego, to rule.]

1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law or principle, to a prescribed mode or to established customary forms; as a regular epic poem; a regular verse in poetry; a regular piece of music; regular practice of law or medicine; a regular plan; a regular building.

2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in a course or practice; as regular in diet; regular in attending on divine worship.

3. In geometry, a regular figure is one whose sides and angles are equal, as a square, a cube, or an equilateral triangle. Regular figures of more than three or four sides are usually called regular polygons.

Encyc.

4. Instituted or initiated according to established forms or discipline; as a regular physician.

5. Methodical; orderly; as a regular kind of sensuality or indulgence.

Law.

6. Periodical; as the regular return of day and night; a regular trade wind or monsoon.

7. Pursued with uniformity or steadiness; as a regular trade.

8. Belonging to a monastic order; as regular clergy, in distinction from the secular clergy.

Regular troops, troops of a permanent army; opposed to militia.

Regular

REG'ULAR, noun In a monastery, one who has taken the vows, and who is bound to follow the rules of the order.

Encyc.

2. A soldier belonging to a permanent army.

Regularity

REGULAR'ITY, noun Agreeableness to a rule or to established order; as the regularity of legal proceedings.

2. Method; certain order. Regularity is the life of business.

3. Conformity to certain principles; as the regularity of a figure.

4. Steadiness or uniformity in a course; as the regularity of the motion of a heavenly body. There is no regularity in the vicissitudes of the weather.

Regularly

REG'ULARLY, adverb In a manner accordant to a rule or established mode; as a physician or lawyer regularly admitted to practice; a verse regularly formed.

2. In uniform order; at certain intervals or periods; as day and night regularly returning.

3. Methodically; in due order; as affairs regularly performed.

Regulate

REG'ULATE, verb transitive To adjust by rule, method or established mode; as, to regulate weights and measures; to regulate the assize of bread; to regulate our moral conduct by the laws of God and of society; to regulate our manners by the customary forms.

2. To put in good order; as, to regulate the disordered state of a nation or its finances.

3. To subject to rules or restrictions; as, to regulate trade; to regulate diet.

Regulated

REG'ULATED, participle passive Adjusted by rule, method or forms; put in good order; subjected to rules or restrictions.

Regulating

REG'ULATING, participle of the present tense Adjusting by rule, method or forms; reducing to order; subjecting to rules or restrictions.

Regulation

REGULA'TION, noun The act of regulating or reducing to order.

Ray.

2. A rule or order prescribed by a superior for the management of some business, or for the government of a company or society.

Regulator

REG'ULATOR, noun One who regulates.

2. The small spring of a watch, which regulates its motions by retarding or accelerating them.

3. Any part of a machine which regulates its movements.

Reguline

REG'ULINE, adjective [See Regulus.] Pertaining to regulus or pure metal.

Bodies which we can reduce to the metallic or reguline state.

Lavoisier.

Regulize

REG'ULIZE, verb transitive To reduce to regulus or pure metal; to separate pure metal from extraneous matter.

Regulus

REG'ULUS, noun [Latin a petty king; French regule. For the plural, some authors write reguli, and others reguluses.]

In chimistry, the finer or pure part of a metallic substance, which, in the melting of ores, falls to the bottom of the crucible.

Encyc. Lavoisier.

Regurgitate

REGURG'ITATE, verb transitive [French regorger; Latin re and gurges.]

To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity.

Graunt. Bentley.

Regurgitate

REGURG'ITATE, verb intransitive To be thrown or poured back.

Harvey.

Regurgitated

REGURG'ITATED, participle passive Thrown or poured back.

Regurgitating

REGURG'ITATING, participle of the present tense Throwing or pouring back.

Regurgitation

REGURGITA'TION, noun The act of pouring back.

2. The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.

Sharp.

Rehabilitate

REHABIL'ITATE, verb transitive [French rehabiliter; re and habiliter.]

To restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent to a former right, rank or privilege lost or forfeited; a term of the civil and canon law.

Chambers.

Rehabilitated

REHABIL'ITATED, participle passive Restored to a former rank, right, privilege or capacity; reinstated.

Rehabilitating

REHABIL'ITATING, participle of the present tense Restoring to a former right, rank, privilege or capacity; reinstating.

Rehabilitation

REHABILITA'TION, noun The act of reinstating in a former rank or capacity; restoration to former rights.

Walsh.

Rehear

REHE'AR, verb transitive pret. and pp. reheard. [re and hear.]

To hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a cause in the court of king's bench.

Reheard

REHE'ARD, participle passive Heard again.

Rehearing

REHE'ARING, participle of the present tense Hearing a second time.

Rehearing

REHE'ARING, noun A second hearing.

Addison.

2. In law, a second hearing or trial.

Rehearsal

REHEARSAL, n. rehers'al. [from rehearse.]

1. Recital; repetition of the words of another or of a written work; as the rehearsal of the Lord's prayer.

Hooker.

2. Narration; a telling or recounting, as of particulars in detail; as the rehearsal of a soldier's adventures.

3. The recital of a piece before the public exhibition of it; as the rehearsal of a comedy.

Dryden.

Rehearse

REHEARSE, v. t. rehers'. To recite; to repeat the words of a passage or composition; to repeat the words of another.

When the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul. 1 Samuel 17.

2. To narrate or recount events or transactions.

There shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord. Judges 5. Acts 11.

3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation; as, to rehearse a tragedy.

Rehearsed

REHEARSED, pp. rehers'ed. Recited; repeated; as words; narrated.

Rehearser

REHEARSER, n. rehers'er. One who recites or narrates.

Rehearsing

REHEARSING, ppr. rehers'ing. Reciting; repeating words; recounting; telling; narrating.

Reigle

RE'IGLE, noun [French rÃƒ-¨gle, rule.] A hollow cut or channel for guiding any thing; as the reigle of a side post for a flood gate.

Carew.

Reign

REIGN, v. i. rane. [Latin regno, a derivative of rego, regnum; French regner; Italian regnare; Spanish reynar.]

1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to rule; to exercise government, as a king or emperor; or to hold the supreme power. George the third reigned over Great Britain more than fifty years.

Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness. Isaiah 32.

2. To be predominant; to prevail.

Pestilent diseases which commonly reign in summer or autumn.

Bacon.

3. To rule; to have superior or uncontrolled dominion. Romans 6.

[This word is never applied to the exercise of supreme power by a legislative body or the executive administration, in the U. States.]

Reign

REIGN, n. rane. [French regne; Latin regnum.]

1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty.

He who like a father held his reign.

Pope.

2. The time during which a king, queen or emperor possesses the supreme authority. The Spanish armada was equipped to invade England in the reign of queen Elizabeth. Magna Charta was obtained in the reign of king John.

3. Kingdom; dominion.

Saturn's sons received the threefold reign

Of heav'n, of ocean, and deep hell beneath.

Prior.

4. Power; influence.

Chapman.

5. Prevalence.

Reigning

REIGNING, ppr. ra'ning. Holding or exercising supreme power; ruling; governing as king, queen or emperor.

2. adjective Predominating; prevailing; as a reigning vice or disease.

Reimbark

REIMBARK. [See Re-embark.]

Reimbody

REIMBOD'Y, verb intransitive [re and imbody or embody.]

To imbody again; to be formed into a body anew.

Boyle.

Reimbursable

REIMBURS'ABLE, adjective That may be repaid.

A loan has been made of two millions of dollars, reimbursable in ten years.

Hamilton.

Reimburse

REIMBURSE, v. t. reimburs'. [French rembourser; re and embourser; en, in, and bourse, a purse; Italian rimborsare; Spanish re-embolsar.]

To refund; to replace in a treasury or in a private coffer, an equivalent to the sum taken from it, lost or expended; as, to reimburse the expenses of a war or a canal.

The word is used before the person expending, or the treasury from which the advances are made, or before the expenses. We say, to reimburse the individual, to reimburse the treasury, or to reimburse the expenses. To reimburse the person, is to repay to him his losses, expenses or advances; to reimburse the treasury, is to refund to it the sum drawn from it; to reimburse losses, or expenses, is to repay them or make them good.

Reimbursed

REIMBURS'ED, participle passive Repaid; refunded; made good, as loss or expense.

Reimbursement

REIMBURSEMENT, n. reimburs'ment. The act of repaying or refunding; repayment; as the reimbursement of principal and interest.

Hamilton.

Reimburser

REIMBURS'ER, noun One who repays or refunds what has been lost or expended.

Reimbursing

REIMBURS'ING, participle of the present tense Repaying; refunding; making good, as loss or expense.

Reimplant

REIMPLANT', verb transitive [re and implant.] To implant again.

Taylor.

Reimplanted

REIMPLANT'ED, participle passive Implanted anew.

Reimplanting

REIMPLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Implanting again.

Reimportune

REIMPORTU'NE, verb transitive [re and importune.] To importune again.

Reimportuned

REIMPORTU'NED, participle passive Importuned again.

Reimportuning

REIMPORTU'NING, participle of the present tense Importuning again.

Reimpregnate

REIMPREG'NATE, verb transitive [re and impregnate.]

To impregnate again.

Brown.

Reimpregnated

REIMPREG'NATED, participle passive Impregnated again.

Reimpregnating

REIMPREG'NATING, participle of the present tense Impregnating again.

Reimpress

REIMPRESS', verb transitive [re and impress.] To impress anew.

Buckminster.

Reimpressed

REIMPRESS'ED, participle passive Impressed again.

Reimpressing

REIMPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing again.

Reimpression

REIMPRES'SION, noun A second or repeated impression.

Reimprint

REIMPRINT', verb transitive [re and imprint.] To imprint again.

Reimprinted

REIMPRINT'ED, participle passive Imprinted again.

Reimprinting

REIMPRINT'ING, participle of the present tense Imprinting anew.

Rein

REIN, noun [French rÃƒ-ªne, from resne. The Italian redine is evidently from the Latin retina, retinaculum, Spanish rienda. If contracted from the Latin, it is from retineo, otherwise from the root of arrest.]

1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider of a horse restrains and governs him.

2. The instrument of curbing, restraining or governing; government.

Shak.

To give the reins, to give license; to leave without restraint.

Pope.

To take the reins, to take the guidance or government.

Rein

REIN, verb transitive To govern by a bridle.

Milton.

2. To restrain; to control.

Shak.

Reindeer

REINDEER, noun [Saxon hrana. See Rane.] A species of the cervine genus; more correctly written ranedeer, or rather rane, which is the true name.

Reinfect

REINFECT', verb transitive [re and infect.] To infect again.

Reinfected

REINFECT'ED, participle passive Infected again.

Reinfecting

REINFECT'ING, participle of the present tense Infecting again.

Reinfectious

REINFEC'TIOUS, adjective Capable of infecting again.

Vaughan. Med. Repos.

Reinforce

REINFORCE, verb transitive [re and enforce.] To give new force to; to strengthen by new assistance or support. [It is written also re-enforce; but reinforce seems now to be the most common.]

Reinforced

REINFORCED, participle passive Strengthened by additional force.

Reinforcement

REINFORCEMENT, noun New force added; fresh supplies of strength; particularly, additional troops or ships.

Reinforcing

REINFORCING, participle of the present tense Adding fresh force to.

Reingratiate

REINGRA'TIATE, verb transitive To ingratiate again.

Mitford.

Reingratiate

REINGRA'TIATE, verb transitive [re and ingratiate.] To ingratiate again; to recommend again to favor.

Herbert.

Reingratiated

REINGRA'TIATED, participle passive Reinstated in favor.

Reingratiating

REINGRA'TIATING, participle of the present tense Ingratiating again.

Reinhabit

REINHAB'IT, verb transitive [re and inhabit.] To inhabit again.

Mede.

Reinhabited

REINHAB'ITED, participle passive Inhabited again.

Reinhabiting

REINHAB'ITING, participle of the present tense Inhabiting a second time.

Reinless

REINLESS, adjective Without rein; without restraint; unchecked.

Reinlist

REINLIST', verb transitive or i. [re and inlist.] To inlist again.

Marshal.

[It is written also re-enlist.]

Reinlisted

REINLIST'ED, participle passive Inlisted anew.

Reinlisting

REINLIST'ING, participle of the present tense Inlisting anew.

Reinlistment

REINLIST'MENT, noun The act of inlisting anew; the act of engaging again in military service.

Reinquire

REINQUI'RE, verb transitive To inquire a second time.

Brown.

Reins

REINS, n. plu. [French rein, rognon; Latin ren, renes; Italian rene, arinone; Spanish rinones.]

1. The kidneys; the lower part of the back.

2. In Scripture, the inward parts; the heart, or seat of the affections and passions. Psalm 73.

Reinsert

REINSERT', verb transitive [re and insert.] To insert a second time.

Reinserted

REINSERT'ED, participle passive Inserted again.

Reinserting

REINSERT'ING, participle of the present tense Inserting again.

Reinsertion

REINSER'TION, noun A second insertion.

Reinspect

REINSPECT', verb transitive [re and inspect.] To inspect again, as provisions.

Reinspection

REINSPEC'TION, noun The act of inspecting a second time.

Laws of Conn.

Reinspire

REINSPI'RE, verb transitive [re and inspire.] To inspire anew.

Milton.

Reinspired

REINSPI'RED, participle passive Inspired again.

Dryden.

Reinspiring

REINSPI'RING, participle of the present tense Inspiring again.

Reinstall

REINSTALL', verb transitive [re and install.] To install again; to seat anew.

Milton.

Reinstalled

REINSTALL'ED, participle passive Installed anew.

Reinstalling

REINSTALL'ING, participle of the present tense Installing again.

Reinstallment

REINSTALL'MENT, noun A second installment.

Reinstate

REINSTA'TE, verb transitive [re and instate.] To place again in possession or in a former state; to restore to a state from which one had been removed; as, to reinstate a king in the possession of the kingdom; to reinstate one in the affections of his family.

Reinstated

REINSTA'TED, participle passive Replaced in possession or in a former state.

Reinstatement

REINSTA'TEMENT, noun The act of putting in a former state; re-establishment.

Marshall.

Reinstating

REINSTA'TING, participle of the present tense Replacing in a former state; putting again in possession.

Reinsurance

REINSU'RANCE, noun [re and insurance. See Sure.]

An insurance of property already insured; a second insurane of the same property. Such reinsurance is permitted by the French commercial code; but in England is prohibited by statute, except when the first underwriter is insolvent.

Walsh.

Reinsure

REINSU'RE, verb transitive [re and insure.] To insure the same property a second time by other underwriters.

The insurer may cause the property insured to be reinsured by other persons.

Walsh. French Com. Code.

Reinsured

REINSU'RED, participle passive Insured a second time by other persons.

Reinsuring

REINSU'RING, participle of the present tense Insuring a second time by other persons.

Reintegrate

REIN'TEGRATE, verb transitive [French reintegrer; Latin redintegro; red, re, and integro, from integer.]

To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Reinterrogate

REINTER'ROGATE, verb transitive [re and interrogate.]

To interrogate again; to question repeatedly.

Cotgrave.

Reinthrolne

REINTHRO'LNE, verb transitive [re and inthrone. See Enthrone.]

To replace on the throne.

Herbert.

Reinthroned

REINTHRO'NED, participle passive Placed again on the throne.

Reinthroning

REINTHRO'NING, participle of the present tense Replacing on the throne.

Reinthronize

REINTHRO'NIZE, verb transitive To reinthrone. [Not in use.]

Reinvest

REINVEST', verb transitive [re and invest.] To invest anew.

Reinvestted

REINVEST'TED, participle passive Invested again.

Reinvesting

REINVEST'ING, participle of the present tense Investing a new.

Reinvestment

REINVEST'MENT, noun The act of investing a new; a second or repeated investment.

Reinvigorate

REINVIG'ORATE, verb transitive To revive vigor in; to reanimate.

Reit

REIT, noun Sedge; sea weed.

Bailey.

Reiterate

REIT'ERATE, verb transitive [French reiterer; Latin re and itero.]

To repeat; to repeat again and again; as reiterated crimes; to reiterate requests.

Milton.

Reiterated

REIT'ERATED, participle passive Repeated again and again.

Reiteration

REITERA'TION, noun Repetition.

Boyle.

Reject

REJECT', verb transitive [Latin rejicio, rejectus; re and jacio, to throw.]

1. To throw away, as any thing useless or vile.

2. To cast off.

Have I rejected those that me ador'd?

Brown.

3. To cast off; to forsake. Jeremiah 7.

4. To refuse to receive; to slight; to despise.

Because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will reject thee. Hosea 4:1 Samuel 15.

5. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request.

6. To refuse to accept; as, to reject an offer.

Rejectable

REJECT'ABLE, adjective That may be rejected.

Rejectamenta

REJECTAMENT'A, noun [from Latin rejecto.] Things thrown out or away. [III formed.]

Fleming.

Rejectaneous

REJECTA'NEOUS, adjective [from the Latin] Not chosen or received; rejected.

More.

Rejected

REJECT'ED, participle passive Thrown away; cast off; refused; slighted.

Rejecter

REJECT'ER, noun One that rejects or refuses.

Clarke.

Rejecting

REJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing away; casting off; refusing to grant or accept; slighting.

Rejection

REJEC'TION, noun [Latin rejectio.] The act of throwing away; the act of casting off or forsaking; refusal to accept or grant.

Bacon.

Rejective

REJECT'IVE, adjective That rejects or tends to cast off.

Rejectment

REJECT'MENT, noun Matter thrown away.

Eaton.

Rejoice

REJOICE, v. i. rejois'. [French rejouir, rejouissant; re and jour, to enjoy; Armoric joauÃƒ-§zaat; Italian gioire; Spanish regocijar, to rejoice; Spanish Portugese gozar, to enjoy; gozo, joy. In most of the dialects, the last radical of joy is lost; but the Spanish and Portuguese retain it in z, which is a palatal letter. Hence this word seems to be the Dutch juichen, to rejoice, to shout; German jauchzen. Qu. the Danish hujer, to rejoice; huj, a shout, joy, rejoicing, which is the English hue, in hue and cry; French huer and hucher. Amidst such changes of letters, it is not easy to ascertain the primary elements. But it is easy to see that the primary sense is to shout, or to be animated or excited.]

To experience joy and gladness in a high degree; to be exhilarated with lively and pleasurable sensations; to exult.

When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice; but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn. Proverbs 29.

I will rejoice in thy salvation. Psalm 9.

Rejoice

REJOICE, v. t. rejois'. To make joyful; to gladden; to animate with lively pleasurable sensation; to exhilarate.

Whose loveth wisdom rejoiceth his father. Proverbs 29.

While she, great saint, rejoices heaven.

Prior.

Rejoiced

REJOIC'ED, participle passive Made glad; exhilarated.

Rejoicer

REJOIC'ER, noun One that rejoices.

Taylor.

Rejoicing

REJOIC'ING, participle of the present tense Animating with gladness; exhilarating; feeling joy.

Rejoicing

REJOIC'ING, noun The act of expressing joy and gladness.

The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous. Psalm 118.

2. The subject of joy.

Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they are the rejoicing of my heart. Psalm 119.

3. The experience of joy. Galatians 6.

Rejoicingly

REJOIC'INGLY, adverb With joy or exultation.

Sheldon.

Rejoin

REJOIN', verb transitive [re and join; French rejoindre.]

1. To join again; to unite after separation.

Brown.

2. To meet one again.

Pope.

Rejoin

REJOIN', verb intransitive To answer to a reply.

Dryden.

2. In law pleadings, to answer, as the defendant to the plaintif's replication.

Rejoinder

REJOIND'ER, noun An answer to a reply; or in general, an answer.

2. In law pleadings, the defendant's answer to the plaintif's replication.

Rejoined

REJOIN'ED, participle passive Joined again; reunited.

Rejoining

REJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Joining again; answering a plaintif's replication.

Rejoint

REJOINT', verb transitive [re and joint.] To reunite joints.

Barrow.

Rejolt

REJOLT, noun [re and jolt.] A reacting jolt or shock. [Not used.]

South.

Rejourn

REJOURN, v. t. rejurn'. [French reajourner. See Adjourn.]

To adjourn to another hearing or inquiry. [Not used.]

Burton.

Rejudge

REJUDGE, v. t. rejuj'. [re and judge.] To judge again; to re-examine; to review; to call to a new trial and decision.

Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace.

Pope.

Rejudged

REJUDG'ED, participle passive Reviewed; judged again.

Rejudging

REJUDG'ING, participle of the present tense Judging again.

Rejuvenescence

REJUVENES'CENCE, or REJUVENES'CENCY, noun [Latin re and juvenescens; juvenis, a youth.]

A renewing of youth; the state of being young again.

Paus. Trans.

Rekindle

REKIN'DLE, verb transitive [re and kindle.] To kindle again; to set on fire anew.

Cheyne.

2. To inflame again; to rouse anew.

Pope.

Rekindled

REKIN'DLED, participle passive Kindled again; inflamed anew.

Rekindling

REKIN'DLING, participle of the present tense Kindling again; inflaming anew.

Relaid

RELA'ID, participle passive Laid a second time.

Reland

RELAND', verb transitive [re and land.] To land again; to put on land what had been shipped or embarked.

Judge Sewall.

Reland

RELAND', verb intransitive To go on shore after having embarked.

Relanded

RELAND'ED, participle passive Put on shore again.

Relanding

RELAND'ING, participle of the present tense Landing again.

Relapse

RELAPSE, v. i. relaps'. [Latin relapsus, relabor, to slide back; re and labor, to slide.]

1. To slip or slide back; to return.

2. To fall back; to return to a former state or practice; as, to relapse into vice or error after amendment.

3. To fall back or return from recovery or a convalescent state; as, to relapse into a fever.

Relapse

RELAPSE, n. relaps'. A sliding or falling back, particularly into a former bad state, either of body or of morals; as a relapse into a disease from a convalescent state; a relapse into a vicious course of life. [In the sense of a person relapsing, not used.]

Relapser

RELAPS'ER, noun One that relapses into vice or error.

Relapsing

RELAPS'ING, participle of the present tense Sliding or falling back, as into disease or vice.

Relate

RELA'TE, verb transitive [Latin relatus, refero; re and fero, to produce.]

1. To tell; to recite; to narrate the particulars of an event; as, to relate the story of Priam; to relate the adventures of Don Quixote.

2. To bring back; to restore. [Not in use.]

3. To ally by connection or kindred.

To relate one's self, to vent thoughts in words. [Ill.]

Relate

RELA'TE, verb intransitive To have reference or respect; to regard.

All negative words relate to positive ideas.

Locke.

Related

RELA'TED, participle passive Recited; narrated.

2. adjective Allied by kindred; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by consanguinity; as a person related in the first or second degree.

Relater

RELA'TER, noun One who tells, recites or narrates; a historian.

Milton. Swift.

Relating

RELA'TING, participle of the present tense Telling; reciting; narrating.

2. adjective Having relation or reference; concerning.

Relation

RELA'TION, noun [French from Latin relatio, refero.]

1. The act of telling; recital; account; narration; narrative of facts; as a historical relation. We listened to the relation of his adventures.

2. Respect; reference; regard.

I have been importuned to make some observations on this art, in relation to its agreement with poetry.

Dryden.

3. Connection between things; mutual respect, or what one thing is with regard to another; as the relation of a citizen to the state; the relation of a subject to the supreme authority; the relation of husband and wife, or of master and servant; the relation of a state of probation to a state of retribution.

4. Kindred; alliance; as the relation of parents and children.

Relations dear, and all the charities

Of father, son and brother, first were known.

Milton.

5. A person connected by consanguinity or affinity; a kinsman or kinswoman. He passed a month with his relations in the country.

6. Resemblance of phenomena; analogy.

7. In geometry, ratio; proportion.

Relational

RELA'TIONAL, adjective Having relation or kindred.

We might be tempted to take these two nations for relational stems

Tooke.

Relationship

RELA'TIONSHIP, noun The state of being related by kindred, affinity or other alliance.

Mason.

[This word is generally tautological and useless.]

Relative

REL'ATIVE, adjective [French relatif; Latin relativus.]

1. Having relation; respecting. The arguments may be good, but they are not relative to the subject.

2. Not absolute or existing by itself; considered as belonging to or respecting something else.

Every thing sustains both an absolute and a relative capacity; an absolute, as it is such a thing, endued with such a nature; and a relative, as it is a part of the universe, and so stands in such a relation to the whole.

South.

3. Incident to man in society; as relative rights and duties.

4. Particular; positive. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Relative mode, in music, the mode which the composer interweaves with the principal mode in the flow of the harmony.

Encyc.

Relative terms, in logic, terms which imply relation, as guardian and ward; master and servant; husband and wife.

Relative word, in grammar, a word which relates to another word, called its antecedent, or to a sentence or member of a sentence, or to a series of sentences.

Relative

REL'ATIVE, noun A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman.

Confining our care either to ourselves and relatives.

Fell.

2. That which has relation to something else.

Locke.

3. In grammar, a word which relates to or represents another word, called its antecedent, or to a sentence or member of a sentence, or to a series of sentences, which constitutes its antecedent. "He seldom lives frugally, who lives by chance." Here who is the relative, which represents he, the antecedent.

"Judas declared him innocent, which he could not be, had he deceived his disciples." Porteus. Here which refers to innocent, an adjective, as its antecedent.

"Another reason that makes me doubt of any innate practical principles, is, that I think there cannot any one moral rule be proposed, whereof a man may not justly demand a reason; which would be perfectly ridiculous and absurd, if they were innate, or so much as self-evident, which every innate principle must needs be."

Locke.

If we ask the question, what would be ridiculous and absurd, the answer must be, whereof a man may justly demand a reason, and this part of the sentence is the antecedent to which. Self-evident is the antecedent to which, near the close of the sentence.

Relatively

REL'ATIVELY, adverb In relation or respect to something else; not absolutely.

Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in itself, before you consider it relatively.

Watts.

Relativeness

REL'ATIVENESS, noun The state of having relation.

Relator

RELA'TOR, noun In law, one who brings an information in the nature of a quo warranto.

Blackstone.

Relax

RELAX', verb transitive [Latin relaxo; re and laxo, to slacken; French relÃƒ-¢cher, relascher; Italian rilassare; Spanish relaxar. See Lax.]

1. To slacken; to make less tense or rigid; as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax the muscles or sinews; to relax the reins in riding.

2. To loosen; to make less close or firm; as, to relax the joints.

Milton.

3. To make less severe or rigorous; to remit or abate in strictness; as, to relax a law or rule of justice; to relax a demand.

Swift.

4. To remit or abate in attention, assiduity or labor; as, to relax study; to relax exertions or efforts.

5. To unbend; to ease; to relieve from close attention; as, conversation relaxes the student or the mind.

6. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; as, medicines relax the bowels.

7. To open; to loose.

Milton.

8. To make languid.

Relax

RELAX', verb intransitive To abate in severity; to become more mild or less rigorous.

In others she relax'd again,

And govern'd with a looser rein.

Prior.

2. To remit in close attention. It is useful for the student to relax often, and give himself to exercise and amusements.

Relax

RELAX', noun Relaxation. [Not used.]

Feltham.

Relaxable

RELAX'ABLE, adjective That may be remitted.

Barrow.

Relaxation

RELAXA'TION, noun [French from Latin relaxatio.]

1. The act of slackening or remitting tension; as a relaxation of the muscles, fibers or nerves; a relaxation of the whole system.

Bacon. Encyc.

2. Cessation of restraint.

Burnet.

3. Remission or abatement of rigor; as a relaxation of the law.

Swift.

4. Remission of attention or application; as a relaxation of mind, study or business.

5. An opening or loosening.

Relaxative

RELAX'ATIVE, adjective Having the quality of relaxing. [See Laxative.]

B. Jonson.

Relaxed

RELAX'ED, participle passive Slackened; loosened; remitted or abated in rigor or in closeness; made less vigorous; languid.

Relaxing

RELAX'ING, participle of the present tense Slackening; loosening; remitting or abating in rigor, severity or attention; rendering languid.

Relay

RELA'Y, noun [French relais.] A supply of horses placed on the road to be in readiness to relieve others, that a traveler may proceed without delay.

2. Hunting dogs kept in readiness at certain places to pursue the game, when the dogs that have been in pursuit are weary.

Relay

RELA'Y, verb transitive [re and lay.] To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to relay a pavement.

Smollett.

Relaying

RELA'YING, participle of the present tense Laying a second time.

Release

RELE'ASE, verb transitive [This is usually derived from French relÃƒ-¢cher, to slacken, to relax, Italian rilassare and rilasciare, and these words have the sense of release; but the English word has not the sense of relax, but of re and lease, from French laisser, let, a word that has no connection with relax. So in German freilassen, Dutch vrylaaten; free and let. If it is from relÃƒ-¢cher, it has undergone a strange alteration.]

1. To set free from restraint of any kind, either physical or moral; to liberate from prison, confinement or servitude. Matthew 15. Mark 15.

2. To free from pain, care, trouble, grief, &c.

3. To free from obligation or penalty; as, to release one from debt, from a promise or covenant.

4. To quit; to let go, as a legal claim; as to release a debt or forfeiture. Deuteronomy 15.

5. To discharge or relinquish a right to lands or tenements, by conveying it to another that has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; when one co-parcener releases his right to the other; or the mortgagee releases his claim to the mortgager.

6. To relax. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Release

RELE'ASE, noun Liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as from confinement or bondage.

2. Liberation from care, pain or any burden.

3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty or claim of any kind; acquittance.

4. In law, a release or deed of release is a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a quitclaim. The efficient words in such an instrument are, "remised, released, and forever quitclaimed."

Blackstone.

Released

RELE'ASED, participle passive Set free from confinement; freed from obligation or liability; freed from pain; quitclaimed.

Releasement

RELE'ASEMENT, noun The act of releasing from confinement or obligation.

Milton.

Releaser

RELE'ASER, noun One who releases.

Releasing

RELE'ASING, participle of the present tense Liberating from confinement or restraint; freeing from obligation or responsibility, or from pain or other evil; quitclaiming.

Relegate

REL'EGATE, verb transitive [Latin relego; re and lego, to send.] To banish; to send into exile.

Relegated

REL'EGATED, participle passive Sent into exile.

Relegating

REL'EGATING, participle of the present tense Banishing.

Relegation

RELEGA'TION, noun [Latin relegatio.] The act of banishment; exile.

Ayliffe.

Relent

RELENT', verb intransitive [French ralentir; Spanish relenter; Italian rallentare; Spanish ablandar; Portugese abrandar; the two latter from blando, Latin blandus, which unites the Latin blandus with lentus. The English is from re and Latin lentus, gentle, pliant, slow, the primary sense of which is soft or yielding. The Latin lenis is probably of the same family. See Bland.]

1. To soften; to become less rigid or hard; to give.

In some houses, sweetmeats will relent more than in others.

Bacon.

When op'ning buds salute the welcome day,

And earth relenting feels the genial ray.

Pope.

[This sense of the word is admissible in poetry, but is not in common use.]

2. To grow moist; to deliquesce; applied to salts; as the relenting of the air.

Bacon.

Salt of tartarÃ‚--placed in a cellar, will begin to relent.

Boyle.

[This sense is not in use.]

3. To become less intense. [Little used.]

Sidney.

4. To soften in temper; to become more mild and tender; to feel compassion. [This is the usual sense of the word.]

Can you behold

May tears, and not once relent?

Shak.

Relent

RELENT', verb transitive To slacken.

And oftentimes he would relent his pace

Obs.

Spenser.

2. To soften; to mollify. Obs.

Spenser.

Relent

RELENT', participle passive Dissolved. Obs.

Relent

RELENT', noun Remission; stay. Obs.

Spenser.

Relenting

RELENT'ING, participle of the present tense Softening in temper; becoming more mild or compassionate.

Relenting

RELENT'ING, noun The act of becoming more mild or compassionate.

Relentless

RELENT'LESS, adjective Unmoved by pity; unpitying; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; as a prey to relentless despotism.

For this th' avenging pow'r employs his darts,

Thus will persist, relentless in his ire.

Dryden.

Relentless thoughts, in Milton, may signify unremitted, intently fixed on disquieting objects.

Johnson.

[This sense of the word is unusual and not to be countenanced.]

Relessee

RELESSEE', noun [See Release.] The person to whom a release is executed.

Relessor

RELESSOR', noun The person who executes a release.

There must be a privity of estate between the relessor and relessee.

Blackstone.

Relevance

REL'EVANCE, or REL'EVANCY, noun [See Relevant.] The state of being relevant, or of affording relief or aid.

2. Pertinence; applicableness.

3. In Scots law, sufficiency to infer the conclusion.

Relevant

REL'EVANT, adjective [French from Latin relever, to relieve, to advance, to raise; re and lever, to raise.]

1. Relieving; lending aid or support.

Pownall.

2. Pertinent; applicable. The testimony is not relevant to the case. The argument is not relevant to the question. [This is the sense in which the word is now generally used.]

3. Sufficient to support the cause.

Scots Law.

Relevation

RELEVA'TION, noun A raising or lifting up. [Not in use.]

Reliance

RELI'ANCE, noun [from rely.] Rest or repose of mind, resulting from a full belief of the veracity or integrity of a person, or of the certainty of a fact; trust; confidence; dependence. We may have perfect reliance on the promises of God; we have reliance on the testimony of witnesses; we place reliance on men of known integrity, or on the strength and stability of government.

Relic

REL'IC, noun [French relique; Latin reliquioe, from relinquo, to leave; re and linquo.]

1. That which remains; that which is left after the loss or decay of the rest; as the relics of a town; the relics of magnificence; the relics of antiquity. The relics of saints, real or pretended, are held in great veneration by the catholics.

2. The body of a deceased person; a corpse. [Usually in the plural.]

Dryden. Pope.

Relict

REL'ICT, noun [Latin relictus, relicta, from relinquo, to leave.]

A widow; a woman whose husband is dead.

Sprat. Garth.

Relief

RELIE'F, noun [French relief; Italian rilevo, rilievo, from rilevare, to raise, to lift, to remove; Spanish relieve, relevar; re and llevar, to raise.]

1. The removal, in whole or in part, of any evil that afflicts the body or mind; the removal or alleviation of pain, grief, want, care, anxiety, toil or distress, or of any thing oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained. Rest gives relief to the body when weary; an anodyne gives relief from pain; the sympathy of friends affords some relief to the distressed; a loan of money to a man embarrassed may afford him a temporary relief; medicines which will not cure a disease, sometimes give a partial relief. A complete relief from the troubles of life is never to be expected.

2. That which mitigates or removes pain, grief or other evil.

Dryden.

3. The dismission of a sentinel from his post, whose place is supplied by another soldier; also, the person who takes his place.

4. In sculpture, &c. the projecture or prominence of a figure above or beyond the ground or plane on which it is formed. Relief is of three kinds; high relief [alto relievo;] low relief [basso relievo;] and demi relief [demi relievo.] The difference is in the degree of projecture. High relief is formed from nature, as when a figure projects as much as the life. Low relief is when the figure projects but little, as in medals, festoons, foliages and other ornaments. Demi relief is when one half of the figure rises from the plane.

Encyc.

5. In painting, the appearance of projection, or the degree of boldness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a distance.

6. In feudal law, a fine or composition which the heir of a tenant, holding by knight's service or other tenure, paid to the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privilege of taking up the estate which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant. This relief consisted of horses, arms, money and the like, the amount of which was originally arbitrary, but afterwards fixed at a certain rate by law. It is not payable, unless the heir at the death of his ancestor had attained to the age of twenty one years.

Blackstone. Encyc.

7. A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong suffered; redress; indemnification. He applied to chancery, but could get no relief. He petitioned the legislature and obtained relief.

8. The exposure of any thing by the proximity of something else.

Johnson.

Relier

RELI'ER, noun [from rely.] One who relies, or places full confidence in.

Relievable

RELIE'VABLE, adjective Capable of being relieved; that may receive relief.

Hale.

Relieve

RELIE'VE, verb transitive [French relever; Latin relevo. See Relief.]

1. To free, wholly or partially, from pain, grief, want, anxiety, care, toil, trouble, burden, oppression, or any thing that is considered to be an evil; to ease of any thing that pains the body or distresses the mind. Repose relieves the wearied body; a supply of provisions relieves a family in want; medicines may relieve the sick man, even when they do not cure him. We all desire to be relieved from anxiety and from heavy taxes. Law or duty, or both, require that we should relieve the poor and destitute.

2. To alleviate or remove; as when we say, to relieve pain or distress; to relieve the wants of the poor.

3. To dismiss from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard or ships, and station others in their place. Sentinels are generally relieved every two hours; a guard is usually relieved once in twenty four hours.

4. To right; to ease of any burden, wrong or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition, by the removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses and the like.

5. To abate the inconvenience of any thing by change, or by the interposition of something dissimilar. The moon relieves the luster of the sun with a milder light.

The poet must not encumber his poem with too much business, but sometimes relieve the subject with a moral reflection.

Addison.

6. To assist; to support.

Parallels or like relations alternately relieve each other; when neither will pass asunder, yet are they plausible together.

Brown.

Relieved

RELIE'VED, participle passive Freed from pain or other evil; eased or cured; aided; succored; dismissed from watching.

2. Alleviated or removed; as pain or distress.

Reliever

RELIE'VER, noun One that relieves; he or that which gives ease.

Relieving

RELIE'VING, participle of the present tense Removing pain or distress, or abating the violence of it; easing; curing; assisting; dismissing from a post, as a sentinel; supporting.

Relievo

RELIE'VO, noun [Italian] Relief; prominence of figures in statuary, architecture, &c.; apparent prominence of figures in painting.

Relight

RELIGHT, v. t. reli'te. [re and light.] To light anew; to illuminate again.

2. To rekindle; to set on fire again.

Relighted

RELIGHTED, participle passive Lighted anew; rekindled.

Relighting

RELIGHTING, participle of the present tense Lighting again; rekindling.

Religion

RELIGION, n. relij'on. [French Spanish religion; Italian religione; Latin religio, from religo, to bind anew; re and ligo, to bind. This word seems originally to have signified an oath or vow to the gods, or the obligation of such an oath or vow, which was held very sacred by the Romans.]

1. Religion, in its most comprehensive sense, includes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in the revelation of his will to man, in man's obligation to obey his commands, in a state of reward and punishment, and in man's accountableness to God; and also true godliness or piety of life, with the practice of all moral duties. It therefore comprehends theology, as a system of doctrines or principles, as well as practical piety; for the practice of moral duties without a belief in a divine lawgiver, and without reference to his will or commands, is not religion.

2. Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness or real piety in practice, consisting in the performance of all known duties to God and our fellow men, in obedience to divine command, or from love to God and his law. James 1.

Religion will attend youÃ‚--as a pleasant and useful companion, in every proper place and every temperate occupation of life.

Buckminster.

3. Religion, as distinct from virtue, or morality, consists in the performance of the duties we owe directly to God, from a principle of obedience to his will. Hence we often speak of religion and virtue, as different branches of one system, or the duties of the first and second tables of the law.

Let us with caution indulge the supposition, that morality can be maintained without religion.

Washington.

4. Any system of faith and worship. In this sense, religion comprehends the belief and worship of pagans and Mohammedans, as well as of christians; any religion consisting in the belief of a superior power or powers governing the world, and in the worship of such power or powers. Thus we speak of the religion of the Turks, of the Hindoos, of the Indians, &c. as well as of the christian religion. We speak of false religion, as well as of true religion.

5. The rites of religion; in the plural.

Milton.

Religionary

RELIG'IONARY, adjective Relating to religion; pious. [Not used.]

Bp. Barlow.

Religionist

RELIG'IONIST, noun A bigot to any religious persuasion.

Swift.

Religious

RELIG'IOUS, adjective [French religieux; Latin religiosus.]

1. Pertaining or relating to religion; as a religious society; a religious sect; a religious place; religious subjects.

2. Pious; godly; loving and reverencing the Supreme Being and obeying his precepts; as a religious man.

3. Devoted to the practice of religion; as a religious life.

4. Teaching religion; containing religious subjects or the doctrines and precepts of religion, or the discussion of topics of religion; as a religious book.

5. Exact; strict; such as religion requires; as a religious observance of vows or promises.

6. Engaged by vows to a monastic life; as a religious order or fraternity.

7. Appropriated to the performance of sacred or religious duties; as a religious house.

Law.

Religious

RELIG'IOUS, noun A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concerns and devoted to a life of piety and devotion; a monk or friar; a nun.

Religiously

RELIG'IOUSLY, adverb Piously; with love and reverence to the Supreme Being; in obedience to the divine commands.

Drayton.

2. According to the rites of religion.

Shak.

3. Reverently; with veneration.

Duppa.

4. Exactly; strictly; conscientiously; as a vow or promise religiously observed.

Religiousness

RELIG'IOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being religious.

Relinquish

RELIN'QUISH, verb transitive [Latin relinquo; re and linquo, to leave, to fail or faint; from the same root as liqueo, liquo, to melt or dissolve, deliquium, a fainting, Irish leagham, to melt. Hence the sense is to withdraw or give way; to relinquish is to recede from. It is probably allied to flag and slack; Welsh llac, llaciaw, to slacken; llegu, to flag. Class Lg.]

1. To withdraw from; to leave; to quit. It may be to forsake or abandon, but it does not necessarily express the sense of the latter. A man may relinquish an enterprise for a time, or with a design never to resume it. In general, to relinquish is to leave without the intention of resuming, and equivalent to forsake, but is less emphatical than abandon and desert.

They placed Irish tenants on the lands relinquished by the English.

Davies.

2. To forbear; to withdraw from; as, to relinquish the practice of intemperance; to relinquish the rites of a church.

Hooker.

3. To give up; to renounce a claim to; as, to relinquish a debt.

To relinquish back, or to, to give up; to release; to surrender; as, to relinquish a claim to another.

Relinquished

RELIN'QUISHED, participle passive Left; quitted; given up.

Relinquisher

RELIN'QUISHER, noun One who leaves or quits.

Relinquishing

RELIN'QUISHING, participle of the present tense Quitting; leaving; giving up.

Relinquishment

RELIN'QUISHMENT, noun The act of leaving or quitting; a forsaking; the renouncing a claim to.

Reliquary

REL'IQUARY, noun [French reliquaire, from Latin relinquo.]

A depository for relics; a casket in which relics are kept.

Encyc.

Reliquidate

RELIQ'UIDATE, verb transitive [re and liquidate.] To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.

Reliquidated

RELIQ'UIDATED, participle passive Liquidated again.

Reliquidating

RELIQ'UIDATING, participle of the present tense Liquidating again.

Reliquidation

RELIQUIDA'TION, noun A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment.

Hamilton.

Relish

REL'ISH, noun Taste; or rather, a pleasing taste; that sensation of the organs which is experienced when we take food or drink of an agreeable flavor. Different persons have different relishes. Relish is often natural, and often the effect of habit.

2. Liking; delight; appetite.

We have such a relish for faction, as to have lost that of wit.

Addison.

3. Sense; the faculty of perceiving excellence; taste; as a relish for fine writing, or a relish of fine writing. Addison uses both of and for after relish.

4. That which gives pleasure; the power of pleasing.

When liberty is gone,

Life grows insipid and has lost its relish.

Addison.

5. Cast; manner.

It preserves some relish of old writing.

Pope.

6. Taste; a small quantity just perceptible.

Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude,

I have no relish of them.

Shak.

Relish

REL'ISH, verb transitive To give an agreeable taste to.

A sav'ry bit that serv'd to relish wine.

Dryden.

2. To like the taste of; as, to relish venison.

3. To be gratified with the enjoyment or use of.

He knows how to prize his advantages and to relish the honors which he enjoys.

Atterbury.

Men of nice palates would not relish Aristotle, as dressed up by the schoolmen.

Baker.

Relish

REL'ISH, verb intransitive To have a pleasing taste. The greatest dainties do not always relish.

2. To give pleasure.

Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have relished among my other discredits.

Shak.

3. To have a flavor.

A theory which, how much soever it may relish of wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature.

Woodward.

Relishable

REL'ISHABLE, adjective Gustable; having an agreeable taste.

Relished

REL'ISHED, participle passive Giving an agreeable taste; received with pleasure.

Relive

RELIVE, v. i. reliv'. [re and live.] To live again; to revive.

Spenser.

Relive

RELIVE, v. t. reliv'. To recall to life. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Reloan

RELOAN, verb transitive [re and loan.] To loan again; to lend what has been lent and repaid.

Reloan

RELOAN, noun A second lending of the same money.

President's Message.

Reloaned

RELOANED, participle passive Loaned again.

Reloaning

RELOANING, participle of the present tense Loaning again.

Relove

RELOVE, verb transitive [re and love.] To love in return. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Relucent

RELU'CENT, adjective [Latin relucens, reluceo; re and luceo, to shine.]

Shining; transparent; clear; pellucid; as a relucent stream.

Thomson.

Reluct

RELUCT', verb intransitive [Latin reluctor; re and luctor, to struggle.] To strive or struggle against. [Little used.]

Reluctance

RELUCT'ANCE, or RELUCT'ANCY, noun [literally a straining or striving against.]

Unwillingness; great opposition of mind; repugnance; with to or against; as, to undertake a war with reluctance. He has a great reluctance to this measure.

Bear witness, heav'n, with what reluctancy

Her helpless innocence I doom to die.

Dryden.

Reluctant

RELUCT'ANT, adjective Striving against; unwilling; much opposed in heart.

Reluctant now I touch'd the trembling string.

Tickell.

2. Unwilling; acting with slight repugnance; coy.

Milton.

3. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with reluctance; as reluctant obedience.

Mitford.

Reluctantly

RELUCT'ANTLY, adverb With opposition of heart; unwillingly. What is undertaken reluctantly is seldom well performed.

Reluctate

RELUCT'ATE, verb transitive To resist; to struggle against.

Decay of Piety.

Reluctation

RELUCTA'TION, noun Repugnance; resistance.

Bacon.

Relucting

RELUCT'ING, participle of the present tense Striving to resist.

2. adjective Averse; unwilling.

Relume

RELU'ME, verb transitive [French rallumer; Latin re and lumen, light.] To rekindle; to light again.

Pope.

Relumed

RELU'MED, participle passive Rekindled; lighted again.

Relumine

RELU'MINE, verb transitive [Italian ralluminare; Latin relumino; re and lumen, light, from luceo, to shine.]

1. To light anew; to rekindle.

Shak.

2. To illuminate again.

Relumined

RELU'MINED, participle passive Rekindled; illuminated anew.

Reluming

RELU'MING, participle of the present tense Kindling or lighting anew.

Relumining

RELU'MINING, participle of the present tense Rekindling; enlightening anew.

Rely

RELY', verb intransitive [re and lie, or from the root of lie, lay.]

To rest on something, as the mind when satisfied of the veracity, integrity or ability of persons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence in; to trust in; to depend; with on. We rely on the promise of a man who is known to be upright; we rely on the veracity or fidelity of a tried friend; a prince relies on the affections of his subjects for support, and on the strength of his army for success in war; above all things, we rely on the mercy and promises of God. That which is the ground of confidence, is a certainty or full conviction that satisfies the mind and leaves it at rest, or undisturbed by doubt.

Because thou hast relied on the king of Syria, and not relied on the Lord thy GodÃ‚-- 2 Chronicles 16.

Relying

RELY'ING, participle of the present tense Reposing on something, as the mind; confiding in; trusting in; depending.

Remade

REMA'DE, pret. and participle passive of remake.

Remain

REMA'IN, verb intransitive [Latin remaneo; re and maneo, Greek,; Pers. mandan, and manidan, to remain, to be left, to delay, to be like, to dismiss, to leave. The sense seems to be to draw out in time, or to be fixed, or to continue. See analogies in leave. The sense of likeness may be a drawing.]

1. To continue; to rest or abide in a place for a time indefinite. They remained a month in Rome. We remain at an inn for a night, for a week, or a longer time.

Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown. Genesis 38.

2. To be left after others have withdrawn; to rest or abide in the same place when others remove, or are lost, destroyed or taken away.

Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark. Genesis 7.

3. To be left after a part or others have past. Let our remaining time or years be employed in active duties.

4. To continue unchanged, or in a particular state. He remains stupid; he remains in a low state of health.

5. Not to be lost; not to escape; not to be forgotten.

All my wisdom remained with me.

Ecclus.

6. To be left, out of a greater number or quantity. Part of the debt is paid; that which remains will be on interest.

That which remaineth over, lay up for you to be kept till the morning. Exodus 16.

7. To be left as not included or comprised. There remains one argument which has not been considered.

That an elder brother has power over his brethren, remains to be proved.

Locke.

8. To continue in the same state.

Childless thou art, childless remain.

Milton.

Remain

REMA'IN, verb transitive To await; to be left to; as, the easier conquest now remains thee. [This is elliptical for remains to thee. Remain is not properly a transitive verb.]

Remain

REMA'IN, noun That which is left; a corpse; also, abode. [Not used.]

Remainder

REMA'INDER, noun Any thing left after the separation and removal of a part.

If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off clear, the remainder yields no salt.

Arbuthnot.

The last remainders of unhappy Troy.

Dryden.

2. Relics; remains; the corpse of a human being. [Not now used.]

Shak.

3. That which is left after a part is past; as the remainder of the day or week; the remainder of the year; the remainder of life.

4. The sum that is left after subtraction or after any deduction.

5. In law, an estate limited to take effect and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. A grants land to B for twenty years; remainder to D in fee. If a man by deed or will limits his books or furniture to A for life, with remainder to B, this remainder is good.

Blackstone.

A writ of formedon in remainder, is a writ which lies where a man gives lands to another for life or in tail, with remainder to a third person in tail or in fee, and he who has the particular estate dies without issue heritable, and a stranger intrudes upon him in remainder and keeps him out of possession; in this case, the remainderman shall have his writ of formedon in the remainder.

Blackstone.

Remainder

REMA'INDER, adjective Remaining; refuse; left; as the remainder biscuit; the remainder viands. Obs.

Shak.

Remainder-Man

REMA'INDER-MAN, noun In law, he who has an estate after a particular estate is determined.

Blackstone.

Remaining

REMA'INING, participle of the present tense Continuing; resting; abiding for an indefinite time; being left after separation and removal of a part, or after loss or destruction, or after a part is passed, as of time.

Remains

REMA'INS, n. plu. That which is left after a part is separated, taken away or destroyed; as the remains of a city or house demolished.

2. A dead body; a corpse.

Pope.

The singular, remain, in the like sense, and in the sense of abode, is entirely obsolete.

Shak.

Remake

REMA'KE, verb transitive pret. and pp. remade. [re and make.] To make anew.

Remand

REM'AND, verb transitive [French remander; Latin re and mando.]

To call or send back him or that which is ordered to a place; as, to remand an officer from a distant place; to remand an envoy from a foreign court.

Remanded

REM`ANDED, participle passive Called or sent back.

Remanding

REM`ANDING, participle of the present tense Calling or sending back.

Remanent

REM'ANENT, noun [Latin remanens.] The part remaining. [Little used. It is contracted into remnant.]

Remanent

REM'ANENT, adjective Remaining. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Remark

REM`ARK, noun [French remarque; re and mark.] Notice or observation, particularly notice or observation expressed in words or writing; as the remarks of an advocate; the remarks made in conversation; the judicious or the uncandid remarks of a critic. A remark is not always expressed, for we say, a man makes his remarks on a preacher's sermon while he is listening to it. In this case the notice is silent, a mere act of the mind.

Remark

REM`ARK, verb transitive [French remarquer.] To observe; to note in the mind; to take notice of without expression. I remarked the manner of the speaker; I remarked his elegant expressions.

2. To express in words or writing what one thinks or sees; to express observations; as, it is necessary to repeat what has been before remarked.

3. To mark; to point out; to distinguish. [Not in use.]

His manacles remark him.

Milton.

Remarkable

REM`ARKABLE, adjective [French remarquable.] Observable; worthy of notice.

'Tis remarkable that they

Talk most, who have the least to say.

Prior.

2. Extraordinary; unusual; that deserves particular notice, or that may excite admiration or wonder; as the remarkable preservation of lives in shipwreck. The dark day in May, 1790, was a remarkable phenomenon.

Remarkableness

REM`ARKABLENESS, noun Observableness; worthiness of remark; the quality of deserving particular notice.

Hammond.

Remarkably

REM`ARKABLY, adverb In a manner or degree worthy of notice; as, the winters of 1825, 1826 and 1828 were remarkably free from snow. The winter of 1827 was remarkable for a great quantity of snow.

2. In an extraordinary manner.

Remarked

REM`ARKED, participle passive Noticed; observed; expressed in words or writing.

Remarker

REM`ARKER, noun An observer; one who makes remarks.

Watts.

Remarking

REM`ARKING, participle of the present tense Observing; taking notice of; expressing in words or writing.

Remarried

REMAR'RIED, participle passive Married again or a second time.

Remarry

REMAR'RY, verb transitive [re and marry.] To marry again or a second time.

Tindal.

Remarrying

REMAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Marrying again or a second time.

Remasticate

REMAS'TICATE, verb transitive [re and masticate.] To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as in chewing the cud.

Remasticated

REMAS'TICATED, participle passive Chewed again or repeatedly.

Remasticating

REMAS'TICATING, participle of the present tense Chewing again or over and over.

Remastication

REMASTICA'TION, noun The act of masticating again or repeatedly.

Remediable

REME'DIABLE, adjective [from remedy.] That may be remedied or cured. The evil is believed to be remediable.

Remedial

REME'DIAL, adjective [Latin remedialis.] Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil.

The remedial part of law is so necessary a consequence of the declaratory and directory, that laws without it must be very vague and imperfect. Statutes are declaratory or remedial.

Blackstone.

Remediate

REME'DIATE, in the sense of remedial, is not in use.

Remedied

REM'EDIED, participle passive [from remedy.] Cured; healed; repaired.

Remediless

REMED'ILESS, adjective [In modern books, the accent is placed on the first syllable, which would be well if there were no derivatives; but remedilessly, remedilessness, require the accent on the second syllable.]

1. Not admitting a remedy; incurable; desperate; as a remediless disease.

2. Irreparable; as, a loss or damage is remediless.

3. Not admitting change or reversal; as a remediless doom.

Milton.

4. Not admitting recovery; as a remediless delusion.

South.

Remedilessly

REMED'ILESSLY, adverb In a manner or degree that precludes a remedy.

Clarendon.

Remedilessness

REMED'ILESSNESS, noun Incurableness.

Remedy

REM'EDY, noun [Latin remedium; re and medeor, to heal; French remÃƒ-¨de.]

1. That which cures a disease; any medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores health; with for; as a remedy for the gout.

2. That which counteracts an evil of any kind; with for, to or against; usually with for. Civil government is the remedy for the evils of natural liberty. What remedy can be provided for extravagance in dress? The man who shall invent an effectual

remedy for intemperance, will deserve every thing from his fellow men.

3. That which cures uneasiness.

Our griefs how swift, our remedies how slow.

Prior.

4. That which repairs loss or disaster; reparation.

In the death of a man there is no remedy.

Wisdom.

Remedy

REM'EDY, verb transitive [French remedier.] To cure; to heal; as, to remedy a disease.

2. To cure; to remove, as an evil; as, to remedy grief; to remedy the evils of a war.

3. To repair; to remove mischief; in a very general sense.

Remedying

REM'EDYING, participle of the present tense Curing; healing; removing; restoring from a bad to a good state.

Remelt

REMELT', verb transitive [re and melt.] To melt a second time.

Remelted

REMELT'ED, participle passive Melted again.

Remelting

REMELT'ING, participle of the present tense Melting again.

Remember

REMEM'BER, verb transitive [Norm. remembre; Low Latin rememoror; re and memoror. See Memory.]

1. To have in the mind an idea which had been in the mind before, and which recurs to the mind without effort.

We are said to remember any thing, when the idea of it arises in the mind with the consciousness that we have had this idea before.

Watts.

2. When we use effort to recall an idea, we are said to recollect it. This distinction is not always observed. Hence remember is often used as synonymous with recollect, that is, to call to mind. We say, we cannot remember a fact, when we mean, we cannot recollect it.

Remember the days of old. Deuteronomy 32.

3. To bear or keep in mind; to attend to.

Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste.

Milton.

4. To preserve the memory of; to preserve from being forgotten.

Let them have their wages duly paid,

And something over to remember me.

Shak.

5. To mention. [Not in use.]

Ayliffe.

6. To put in mind; to remind; as, to remember one of his duty. [Not in use.]

Clarendon.

7. To think of and consider; to meditate. Psalm 63.

8. To bear in mind with esteem; or to reward. Ecclesiastes 9.

9. To bear in mind with praise or admiration; to celebrate. 1 Chronicles 16.

10. To bear in mind with favor, care, and regard for the safety or deliverance of any one. Psalm 74. Genesis 8. Genesis 19.

11. To bear in mind with intent to reward or punish. 3 John 10. Jeremiah 31.

12. To bear in mind with confidence; to trust in. Psalm 20.

13. To bear in mind with the purpose of assisting or relieving. Galatians 2.

14. To bear in mind with reverence; to obey.

Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth. Ecclesiastes 12.

15. To bear in mind with regard; to keep as sacred; to observe.

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Exodus 20.

To remember mercy, is to exercise it. Habakkuk 3.

Remembered

REMEM'BERED, participle passive Kept in mind; recollected.

Rememberer

REMEM'BERER, noun One that remembers.

Wotton.

Remembering

REMEM'BERING, participle of the present tense Having in mind.

Remembrance

REMEM'BRANCE, noun [French] The retaining or having in mind an idea which had been present before, or an idea which had been previously received from an object when present, and which recurs to the mind afterwards without the presence of its object. Technically, remembrance differs from reminiscence and recollection, as the former implies that an idea occurs to the mind spontaneously, or without much mental exertion. The latter imply the power or the act of recalling ideas which do not spontaneously recur to the mind.

The righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance. Psalm 112.

Remembrance is when the same idea recurs, without the operation of the like object on the external sensory.

Locke.

2. Transmission of a fact from one to another.

Titan

Among the heav'ns th' immortal fact display'd,

Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.

Addison.

3. Account preserved; something to assist the memory.

Those proceedings and remembrances are in the Tower.

Hale.

4. Memorial.

But in remembrance of so brave a deed,

A tomb and funeral honors I decreed.

Dryden.

5. A token by which one is kept in the memory.

Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake.

Shak.

6. Notice of something absent.

Let your remembrance still apply to Banquo.

Shak.

7. Power of remembering; limit of time within which a fact can be remembered; as when we say, an event took place before our remembrance, or since our remembrance.

8. Honorable memory. [Not in use.]

Shak.

9. Admonition.

Shak.

10. Memorandum; a note to help the memory.

Chillingworth.

Remembrancer

REMEM'BRANCER, noun One that reminds, or revives the remembrance of any thing.

God is present in the consciences of good and bad; he is there a remembrancer to call our actions to mind.

Taylor.

2. An officer in the exchequer of England, whose business is to record certain papers and proceedings, make out processes, &c.; a recorder. The officers bearing this name were formerly called clerks of the remembrance.

Encyc.

Rememorate

REMEM'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin rememoratus, rememoror.]

To remember; to revive in the memory. [Not in use.]

Rememoration

REMEMORA'TION, noun Remembrance. [Not in use.]

Remercie

REMER'CIE, or REMER'CY, verb transitive [French remercier.] To thank. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Remigrate

REM'IGRATE, verb intransitive [Latin remigro; re and migro, to migrate.]

To remove back again to a former place or state; to return. [See Migrate.]

Boyle.

Remigration

REMIGRA'TION, noun Removal back again; a migration to a former place.

Hale.

Remind

REMIND, verb transitive [re and mind.] To put in mind; to bring to the remembrance of; as, to remind a person of his promise.

2. To bring to notice or consideration. The infirmities of old age remind us of our mortality.

Reminded

REMINDED, participle passive Put in mind.

Reminding

REMINDING, participle of the present tense Putting in mind; calling attention to.

Reminiscence

REMINIS'CENCE, noun [French from Latin reminiscens, reminiscor, Greek. See Memory.]

1. That faculty of the mind by which ideas formerly received into it, but forgotten, are recalled or revived in the memory.

Encyc.

2. Recollection; recovery of ideas that had escaped from the memory.

Hale.

Reminiscential

REMINISCEN'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to reminiscence or recollection.

Brown.

Remise

REMI'SE, v. t. s as z. [French remise, from remettre; Latin remissus, remitto; re and mitto, to send.]

To give or grant back; to release a claim; to resign or surrender by deed. A B hath remised, released, and forever quitclaimed to B C, all his right to the manor of Dale.

Blackstone.

Remised

REMI'SED, participle passive Released.

Remising

REMI'SING, participle of the present tense Surrendering by deed.

Remiss

REMISS', adjective [French remis; Latin remissus, supra.]

1. Slack; dilatory; negligent; not performing duty or business; not complying with engagements at all, or not in due time; as to be remiss in attendance on official duties; remiss in payment of debts.

2. Slow; slack; languid.

Woodward.

3. Not intense.

These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss.

Roscommon.

Remissible

REMISS'IBLE, adjective That may be remitted or forgiven.

Feltham.

Remission

REMIS'SION, noun [French from Latin remissio, from remitto, to send back.]

1. Abatement; relaxation; moderation; as the remission of extreme rigor.

Bacon.

2. Abatement; diminution of intensity; as the remission of the sun's heat; the remission of cold; the remission of close study or of labor.

Woodward. Locke.

3. Release; discharge or relinquishment of a claim or right; as the remission of a tax or duty.

Addison.

4. In medicine, abatement; a temporary subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as distinguished from intermission, in which the disease leaves the patient entirely for a time.

5. Forgiveness; pardon; that is, the giving up of the punishment due to a crime; as the remission of sins. Matthew 26. Hebrews 9.

6. The act of sending back. [Not in use.]

Remissly

REMISS'LY, adverb Carelessly; negligently; without close attention.

Hooker.

2. Slowly; slackly; not vigorously; not with ardor.

Clarendon.

Remissness

REMISS'NESS, noun Slackness; slowness; carelessness; negligence; want of ardor or vigor; coldness; want of ardor; want of punctuality; want of attention to any business, duty or engagement in the proper time or with the requisite industry.

Denham. Arbuthnot.

Remit

REMIT', verb transitive [Latin remitto, to send back; re and mitto, to send; French remettre; Italian rimettere; Spanish remitir.]

1. To relax, as intensity; to make less tense or violent.

So willingly doth God remit his ire.

Milton.

2. To forgive; to surrender the right of punishing a crime; as, to remit punishment.

Dryden.

3. To pardon, as a fault or crime.

Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted to them. John 20.

4. To give up; to resign.

In grievous and inhuman crimes, offenders should be remitted to their prince.

Hayward.

5. To refer; as a clause that remitted all to the bishop's discretion.

Bacon.

6. To send back.

The pris'ner was remitted to the guard.

Dryden.

7. To transmit money, bills or other thing in payment for goods received. American merchants remit money, bills of exchange or some species of stock, in payment for British goods.

8. To restore.

In this case, the law remits him to his ancient and more certain right.

Blackstone.

Remit

REMIT', verb intransitive To slacken; to become less intense or rigorous.

When our passions remit, the vehemence of our speech remits too.

Broome.

So we say, cold or heart remits.

2. To abate in violence for a time, without intermission; as, a fever remits at a certain hour every day.

Remitment

REMIT'MENT, noun The act of remitting to custody.

2. Forgiveness; pardon.

Milton.

Remittal

REMIT'TAL, noun A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as the remittal of the first fruits.

Swift.

Remittance

REMIT'TANCE, noun In commerce, the act of transmitting money, bills or the like, to a distant place, in return or payment for goods purchased.

2. The sum or thing remitted in payment.

Addison.

Remitted

REMIT'TED, participle passive Relaxed; forgiven; pardoned; sent back; referred; given up; transmitted in payment.

Remitter

REMIT'TER, noun One who remits, or makes remittance for payment.

2. In law, the restitution of a more ancient and certain right to a person who has right to lands, but is out of possession and hath afterwards the freehold cast upon him by some subsequent defective title, by virtue of which he enters.

Blackstone.

3. One that pardons.

Remnant

REM'NANT, noun [contracted from remanent. See Remain.]

1. Residue; that which is left after the separation, removal or destruction of a part.

The remnant that are left of the captivity. Nehemiah 1.

2. That which remains after a part is done, performed, told or passed.

The remnant of my tale is of a length

To tire your patience.

Dryden.

Where I may think the remnant of my thoughts.

Shak.

Remnant

REM'NANT, adjective Remaining; yet left.

And quiet dedicate her remnant life

To the just duties of a humble wife. [Little used.]

Prior.

Remodel

REMOD'EL, verb transitive [re and model.] To model or fashion anew.

Remodeled

REMOD'ELED, participle passive Modeled anew.

Remodeling

REMOD'ELING, participle of the present tense Modeling again.

Remold

REMOLD, verb transitive [re and mold.] To mold or shape anew.

Remolded

REMOLDED, participle passive Molded again.

J. Barlow.

Remolding

REMOLDING, participle of the present tense Molding anew.

Remolten

REMOLTEN, adjective or participle passive [re and molten, from melt.] Melted again.

Bacon.

Remonstrance

REMON'STRANCE, noun [French remontrance. See Remonstrate.]

1. Show; discovery. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. Expostulation; strong representation of reasons against a measure, either public or private, and when addressed to a public body, a prince or magistrate, it may be accompanied with a petition or supplication for the removal or prevention of some evil or inconvenience. A party aggrieved presents a remonstrance to the legislature.

3. Pressing suggestions in opposition to a measure or act; as the remonstrances of conscience or of justice.

Rogers.

4. Expostulatory counsel or advice; reproof.

Encyc.

Remonstrant

REMON'STRANT, adjective Expostulatory; urging strong reasons against an act.

Remonstrant

REMON'STRANT, noun One who remonstrates. The appellation of remonstrants is given to the Arminians who remonstrated against the decisions of the Synod of Dort, in 1618.

Encyc.

Remonstrate

REMON'STRATE, verb intransitive [Latin remonstro; re and monstro, to show; French remontrer. See Muster.]

1. To exhibit or present strong reasons against an act, measure or any course of proceedings; to expostulate. Men remonstrate by verbal argument, or by a written exposition of reasons.

2. To suggest urgent reasons in opposition to a measure. Conscience remonstrates against a profligate life.

Remonstrate

REMON'STRATE, verb transitive To show by a strong representation of reasons.

Remonstrating

REMON'STRATING, participle of the present tense Urging strong reasons against a measure.

Remonstration

REMONSTRA'TION, noun The act of remonstrating. [Little used.]

Remonstrator

REMON'STRATOR, noun One who remonstrates.

Remora

REM'ORA, noun [Latin from re and moror, to delay.]

1. Delay; obstacle; hinderance. [Not in use.]

2. The sucking fish, a species of Echeneis, which is said to attach itself to the bottom or side of a ship and retard its motion.

Remorate

REM'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin remoror.] To hinder; to delay. [Not in use.]

Remord

REMORD', verb transitive [Latin remordeo; re and mordeo, to gnaw.]

To rebuke; to excite to remorse. [Not in use.]

Skelton.

Remord

REMORD', verb intransitive To feel remorse. [Not in use.]

Elyot.

Remordency

REMORD'ENCY, noun Compunction; remorse.

Killingbeck.

Remorse

REMORSE, n. remors'. [Latin remorsus, from remordeo.]

1. The keen pain or anguish excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of conscience for a crime committed.

Clarendon.

2. Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.

Curse on th' unpard'ning prince, whom tears can draw

To no remorse.

Dryden.

[This sense is nearly or quite obsolete.]

Remorsed

REMORS'ED, adjective Feeling remorse or compunction. [Not used.]

Bp. Hall.

Remorseful

REMORSEFUL, a. remors'ful. Full of remorse.

Bp. Hall.

2. Compassionate; feeling tenderly. [Not in use.]

Shak.

3. Pitiable. [Not in use.]

Chapman.

Remorseless

REMORSELESS, a. remors'less. Unpitying; cruel; insensible to distress; as the remorseless deep.

Milton.

Remorseless adversaries.

South.

Remorselessly

REMORSELESSLY, adv. remors'lessly. Without remorse.

South.

Remorselessness

REMORSELESSNESS, n. remors'lessness. Savage cruelty; insensibility to distress.

Beaum.

Remote

REMO'TE, adjective [Latin remotus, removeo; re and moveo, to move.]

1. Distant in place; not near; as a remote country; a remote people.

Give me a life remote from guilty courts.

Granville.

2. Distant in time, past or future; as remote antiquity. Every man is apt to think the time of his dissolution to be remote.

3. Distant; not immediate.

It is not all remote and even apparent good that affects us.

Locke.

4. Distant; primary; not proximate; as the remote causes of a disease.

5. Alien; foreign; not agreeing with; as a proposition remote from reason.

Locke.

6. Abstracted; as the mind placed by thought amongst or remote from all bodies.

Locke.

7. Distant in consanguinity or affinity; as a remote kinsman.

8. Slight; inconsiderable; as a remote analogy between cases; a remote resemblance in form or color.

Remotely

REMO'TELY, adverb At a distance in space or time; not nearly.

2. At a distance in consanguinity or affinity.

3. Slightly; in a small degree; as, to be remotely affected by an event.

Remoteness

REMO'TENESS, noun State of being distant in space or time; distance; as the remoteness of a kingdom or of a star; the remoteness of the deluge from our age; the remoteness of a future event, of an evil or of success.

2. Distance in consanguinity or affinity.

3. Distance in operation or efficiency; as the remoteness of causes.

4. Slightness; smallness; as remoteness of resemblance.

Remotion

REMO'TION, noun The act of removing; the state of being removed to a distance.

[Little used.]

Shak. Brown.

Remount

REMOUNT', verb transitive [French remonter; re and monter.] To mount again; as, to remount a horse.

Remount

REMOUNT', verb intransitive To mount again; to reascend.

Woodward.

Removability

REMOVABIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being removable from an office or station; capacity of being displaced.

Removable

REMOVABLE, adjective [from remove.] That may be removed from an office or station.

Such curate is removable at the pleasure of the rector of the mother church.

Ayliffe.

2. That may be removed from one place to another.

Removal

REMOVAL, noun The act of moving from one place to another for residence; as the removal of a family.

2. The act of displacing from an office or post.

3. The act of curing or putting away; as the removal of a disease.

4. The state of being removed; change of place.

Locke.

5. The act of putting an end to; as the removal of a grievance.

Remove

REMOVE, verb transitive [Latin removeo; re and moveo, to move; French remuer; Italian rimuovere; Spanish remover.]

1. To cause to change place; to put from its place in any manner; as, to remove a building.

Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. Deuteronomy 19.

2. To displace from an office.

3. To take or put away in any manner; to cause to leave a person or thing; to banish or destroy; as, to remove a disease or complaint.

Remove sorrow from thine heart. Ecclesiastes 11.

4. To carry from one court to another; as, to remove a cause or suit by appeal.

5. To take from the present state of being; as, to remove one by death.

Remove

REMOVE, verb intransitive To change place in any manner.

2. To go from one place to another.

Prior.

3. To change the place of residence; as, to remove from New York to Philadelphia.

[Note. The verb remove, in most of its applications, is synonymous with move, but not in all. Thus we do not apply remove to a mere change of posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man moves his head when he turns it, or his finger when he bends it, but he does not remove it. Remove usually or always denotes a change of place in a body, but we never apply it to a regular continued course or motion. We never say, the wind or water or a ship removes at a certain rate by the hour; but we say, a ship was removed from one place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic term, including the sense of remove, which is more generally applied to a change from one station or permanent position, stand or seat, to another station.]

Remove

REMOVE, noun Change of place.

Chapman.

2. Translation of one to the place of another.

Shak.

3. State of being removed.

Locke.

4. Act of moving a man in chess or other game.

5. Departure; a going away.

Waller.

6. The act of changing place; removal.

Bacon.

7. A step in any scale of gradation.

A freeholder is but one remove from a legislator.

Addison.

8. Any indefinite distance; as a small or great remove.

Rogers.

9. The act of putting a horse's shoes on different feet.

Swift.

10. A dish to be changed while the rest of the course remains.

Johnson.

11. Susceptibility of being removed. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Removed

REMOVED, participle passive Changed in place; carried to a distance; displaced from office; placed far off.

2. adjective Remote; separate from others.

Shak.

Removedness

REMOVEDNESS, noun State of being removed; remoteness.

Shak.

Remover

REMOVER, noun One that removes; as a remover of landmarks.

Bacon.

Removing

REMOVING, participle of the present tense Changing place; carrying or going from one place to another; displacing; banishing.

Remunerability

REMUNERABIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being rewarded.

Remunerable

REMU'NERABLE, adjective [from remunerate.] That may be rewarded; fit or proper to be recompensed.

Remunerate

REMU'NERATE, verb transitive [Latin remunero; re and munero, from munus, a gift.]

To reward; to recompense; to requite; in a good sense; to pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense or other sacrifice; as, to remunerate the troops of an army for their services and sufferings; to remunerate men for labor. The pious sufferer in this life will be remunerated in the life to come.

Remunerated

REMU'NERATED, participle passive Rewarded; compensated.

Remunerating

REMU'NERATING, participle of the present tense Rewarding; recompensing.

Remuneration

REMUNERA'TION, noun Reward; recompense; the act of paying an equivalent for services, loss or sacrifices.

Shak.

2. The equivalent given for services, loss or sufferings.

Remunerative

REMU'NERATIVE, adjective Exercised in rewarding; that bestows rewards; as remunerative justice.

Boyle.

Remuneratory

REMU'NERATORY, adjective Affording recompense; rewarding.

Johnson.

Remurmur

REMUR'MUR, verb transitive [Latin remurmuro; re and murmuro.]

To utter back in murmurs; to return in murmurs; to repeat in low hoarse sounds.

Dryden.

The trembling trees in every plain and wood,

Her fate remurmur to the silver flood.

Pope.

Remurmur

REMUR'MUR, verb intransitive To murmur back; to return or echo in low rumbling sounds.

The realms of Mars remurmur'd all around.

Dryden.

Remurmured

REMUR'MURED, participle passive Uttered back in murmurs.

Remurmuring

REMUR'MURING, participle of the present tense Uttering back in low sounds.

Renal

RE'NAL, adjective [Latin renalis, from renes, the kidneys.]

Pertaining to the kidneys or reins; as the renal arteries.

Renard

REN'ARD, noun [French; German reineke.] A fox; a name used in fables, but not in common discourse.

Dryden.

Renascency

RENAS'CENCY, noun The state of springing or being produced again.

Brown.

Renascent

RENAS'CENT, adjective [Latin renascens, renascor; re and nascor, to be born.]

Springing or rising into being again; reproduced.

Renascible

RENAS'CIBLE, adjective That may be reproduced; that may spring again into being.

Renavigate

RENAV'IGATE, verb transitive [re and navigate.] To navigate again; as, to renavigate the Pacific ocean.

Renavigated

RENAV'IGATED, participle passive Navigated again; sailed over anew.

Renavigating

RENAV'IGATING, participle of the present tense Navigating again.

Rencounter

RENCOUN'TER, noun [French rencontre; re and encontre; en and contre, against.] Literally, a meeting of two bodies. Hence,

1. A meeting in opposition or contest.

The jostling chiefs in rude rencounter join.

Glanville.

2. A casual combat; a sudden contest or fight without premeditation; as between individuals or small parties.

3. A casual action; an engagement between armies or fleets.

The confederates shouldÃ‚--outnumber the enemy in all rencounters and engagements.

Addison.

4. Any combat, action or engagement.

Rencounter

RENCOUN'TER, verb transitive To meet unexpectedly without enmity or hostility. [This use is found in some recent publications, but is not common.]

2. To attack hand to hand.

Spenser.

Rencounter

RENCOUN'TER, verb intransitive To meet an enemy unexpectedly.

2. To clash; to come in collision.

3. To skirmish with another.

4. To fight hand to hand.

Johnson.

Rend

REND, verb transitive pret. and pp. rent. [Saxon rendan, hrendan; Irish rannam, rannaim; Welsh rhanu; Armoric ranna, to divide, and crenna, to abridge, whence cranny, Latin crena. Qu. Latin cerno, Greek. Class Rn.No. 4. 8. 13. 16.]

1. To separate any substance into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; lightning rends an oak.

An empire from its old foundation rent.

Dryden.

I rend my tresses, and my breast I wound.

Pope.

Neither rend your clothes, lest ye die. Leviticus 10.

2. To separate or part with violence.

I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. 1 Kings 11.

To rend the heart, in Scripture, to have bitter sorrow for sin. Joel 2.

To rend the heavens, to appear in majesty. Isaiah 64.

Rend differs somewhat from lacerate. We never say, to lacerate a rock or a kingdom, when we mean to express splitting or division. Lacerate is properly applicable to the tearing off of small pieces of a thing, as to lacerate the body with a whip or scourge; or to the tearing of the flesh or other thing without entire separation.

Render

REND'ER, noun [from rend.] One that tears by violence.

Render

REN'DER, verb transitive [French rendre; Italian rendere; Spanish rendir; Portugese render. This is probably the Latin reddo, with n casually inserted.]

1. To return; to pay back.

See that none render evil for evil to any man. 1 Thessalonians 5.

2. To inflict, as a retribution.

I will render vengeance to my enemies. Deuteronomy 32.

3. To give on demand; to give; to assign.

The sluggard is wiser in his own conceit, than seven men that can render a reason. Proverbs 26.

4. To make or cause to be, by some influence upon a thing, or by some change; as, to render a person more safe or more unsafe; to render him solicitous or cautious; to render a fortress more secure or impregnable; to render a ferocious animal more mild and tractable.

5. To translate, as from one language into another; as, to render Latin into English.

We say, to render a word, a sentence, a book, or an author into a different language.

Locke.

6. To surrender; to yield or give up the command or possession of; as, to render one's self to his enemies.

K. Charles. Clarendon.

[Less used than surrender.]

7. To afford; to give for use or benefit.

Washington rendered great service to his country.

8. To represent; to exhibit.

He did render him the most unnatural

That liv'd amongst men. [Not in use.]

Shak.

To render back, to return; to restore.

Render

REN'DER, noun A surrender; a giving up.

Shak.

2. A return; a payment of rent.

In those early times, the king's household was supported by specific renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demains.

Blackstone.

3. An account given.

Shak.

Renderable

REN'DERABLE, adjective That may be rendered.

Sherwood.

Rendered

REN'DERED, participle passive Returned; paid back; given; assigned; made; translated; surrendered; afforded.

Rendering

REN'DERING, participle of the present tense Returning; giving back; assigning; making; translating; surrendering; affording.

Rendering

REN'DERING, noun Version; translation.

Lowth.

Rendezvous

REN'DEZVOUS, noun [French rendezvous, render yourselves, repair to a place. This word is anglicized, and may well be pronounced as an English word.]

1. A place appointed for the assembling of troops, or the place where they assemble; or the port or place where ships are ordered to join company.

2. A place of meeting, or a sign that draws men together. [Rarely used.]

Bacon.

3. An assembly; a meeting. [Rarely used.]

Rendezvous

REN'DEZVOUS, verb intransitive To assemble at a particular place, as troops.

The place where the Gauls and Bruti had rendezvoused.

Alfred's Orosius, Trans.

B. Trumbull. Hook, Rom. Hist.

Rendezvous

REN'DEZVOUS, verb transitive To assemble or bring together at a certain place.

Echard.

Rendezvousing

REN'DEZVOUSING, participle of the present tense Assembling at a particular place.

Rendible

REN'DIBLE, adjective That may be yielded or surrendered.

2. That may be translated. [Little used in either sense.]

Howell.

Rendition

RENDI'TION, noun [from render.] The act of yielding possession; surrender.

Fairfax.

2. Translation.

South.

Renegade

REN'EGADE, or RENEGA'DO, noun [SpanishPort, renegado, from renegar, to deny; Latin re and nego, to deny; Italian rinegato; French renÃƒ-©gat; primarily an apostate.]

1. An apostate from the faith.

Addison.

2. One who deserts to an enemy; a deserter.

Arbuthnot.

3. A vagabond. [This is the sense in which this word is mostly used in popular language.]

Renege

RENE'GE, verb transitive [Latin renego.] To deny; to disown. Obs.

Shak.

Renege

RENE'GE, verb intransitive To deny. Obs.

Shak.

Renerve

RENERVE, v. t. renerv'. [re and nerve.] To nerve again; to give new vigor to.

J. Barlow.

Renerved

RENERV'ED, participle passive Nerved anew.

Renerving

RENERV'ING, participle of the present tense Giving new vigor to.

Renew

RENEW', verb transitive [Latin renovo; re and novo, or re and new.]

1. To renovate; to restore to a former state, or to a good state, after decay or depravation; to rebuild; to repair.

Asa renewed the altar of the Lord. 2 Chronicles 15.

2. To re-establish; to confirm.

Let us go to Gilgal and renew the kingdom there. 1 Samuel 11.

3. To make again; as, to renew a treaty or covenant.

4. To repeat; as, to renew expressions of friendship; to renew a promise; to renew an attempt.

5. To revive; as, to renew the glories of an ancestor or of a former age.

Shak.

6. To begin again.

The last great age renews its finish'd course.

Dryden.

7. To make new; to make fresh or vigorous; as, to renew youth; to renew strength; to renew the face of the earth. Psalm 103. Isaiah 40. Psalm 104.

8. In theology, to make new; to renovate; to transform; to change from natural enmity to the love of God and his law; to implant holy affections in the heart; to regenerate.

Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Romans 12. Ephesians 4.

Renewable

RENEW'ABLE, adjective That may be renewed; as a lease renewable at pleasure.

Swift.

Renewal

RENEW'AL, noun The act of renewing; the act of forming anew; as the renewal of a treaty.

2. Renovation; regeneration.

3. Revival; restoration to a former or to a good state.

Renewed

RENEW'ED, participle passive Made new again; repaired; re-established; repeated; revived; renovated; regenerated.

Renewedness

RENEW'EDNESS, noun State of being renewed.

Hammond.

Renewer

RENEW'ER, noun One who renews.

Sherwood.

Renewing

RENEW'ING, participle of the present tense Making new again; repairing; re-establishing; repeating; reviving; renovating.

2. adjective Tending or adapted to renovate.

Renewing

RENEW'ING, noun The act of making new; renewal.

Reniform

REN'IFORM, adjective [Latin renes, the kidneys, and form.]

Having the form or shape of the kidneys.

Kirwan.

Renitence

REN'ITENCE, or REN'ITENCY, noun [Latin renitens, renitor, to resist; re and nitor, to struggle or strive.]

1. The resistance of a body to pressure; the effort of matter to resume the place or form from which it has been driven by the impulse of other matter; the effect of elasticity.

Quincy.

2. Moral resistance; reluctance.

We find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe life and irritability to the cold and motionless fibers of plants.

Darwin.

Renitent

REN'ITENT, adjective Resisting pressure or the effect of it; acting against impulse by elastic force.

Ray.

Rennet

REN'NET, noun [German rinnen, to run, to curdle; Dutch runnen, ronnen, to curdle or coagulate; Saxon gerunnen, coagulated.]

The concreted milk found in the stomach of a sucking quadruped, particularly of the calf. It is also written runnet, and this is the preferable orthography.

Encyc.

Rennet

REN'NET, or REN'NETING, noun A kind of apple.

Mortimer.

Renounce

RENOUNCE, v. t. renouns'. [French renoncer; Latin renuncio; re and nuncio, to declare, from the root of nomen, name.]

1. To disown; to disclaim; to reject; as a title or claim; to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to; as, to renounce a title to land or a claim to reward; to renounce all pretensions to applause.

2. To deny; to cast off; to reject; to disclaim; as an obligation or duty; as, to renounce allegiance.

3. To cast off or reject, as a connection or possession; to forsake; as, to renounce the world and all its cares.

Shak.

We have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty. 2 Corinthians 4.

Renounce

RENOUNCE, v. i. renouns'. To declare a renunciation.

He of my sons who fails to make it good,

By one rebellious act renounces to my blood. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

2. In cards, not to follow suit, when the person has a card of the same sort.

Renounce

RENOUNCE, n. renouns'. The declining to follow suit, when it can be done.

Renounced

RENOUN'CED, participle passive Disowned; denied; rejected; disclaimed.

Renouncement

RENOUNCEMENT, n. renouns'ment. The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation.

Shak.

Renouncer

RENOUN'CER, noun One who disowns or disclaims.

Renouncing

RENOUN'CING, participle of the present tense Disowning; disclaiming; rejecting.

Renouncing

RENOUN'CING, noun The act of disowning, disclaiming, denying or rejecting.

Renovate

REN'OVATE, verb transitive [Latin renovo; re and novo, to make new; novus, new.]

To renew; to restore to the first state, or to a good state, after decay, destruction or depravation. It is synonymous with renew, except in its fourth definition, supra.

Renovated

REN'OVATED, participle passive Renewed; made new, fresh or vigorous.

Renovating

REN'OVATING, participle of the present tense Renewing.

Renovation

RENOVA'TION, noun [French from Latin renovatio.]

1. The act of renewing; a making new after decay, destruction or depravation; renewal; as the renovation of the heart by grace.

There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual renovation of the world.

Rambler.

2. A state of being renewed.

Bacon. Milton.

Renown

RENOWN', noun [French renommÃƒ-©e; re and nommer, to name.]

Fame; celebrity; exalted reputation derived from the extensive praise of great achievments or accomplishments.

Giants of old, men of renown. Genesis 6. Numbers 16.

Renown

RENOWN', verb transitive To make famous.

Soft elocution does thy style renown.

Dryden.

A bard whom pilfer'd pastorals renown.

Pope.

[This verb is nearly or quite obsolete.]

Renowned

RENOWN'ED, adjective Famous; celebrated for great and heroic achievments, for distinguished qualities or for grandeur; eminent; as renowned men; a renowned king; a renowned city.

Milton. Dryden.

Renownedly

RENOWN'EDLY, adverb With fame or celebrity.

Renownless

RENOWN'LESS, adjective Without renown; inglorious.

Rent

RENT, participle passive of rend. Torn asunder; split or burst by violence; torn.

Rent

RENT, noun [from rend.] A fissure; a break or breach made by force; as a rent made in the earth, in a rock or in a garment.

2. A schism; a separation; as a rent in the church.

White.

Rent

RENT, verb transitive To tear. [See Rend.]

Rent

RENT, verb intransitive To rant. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Rent

RENT, noun [French rente, from rendre; Italian rendita; Spanish renta; Dutch Danish German rente; Swedish r?nta.]

A sum of money, or a certain amount of other valuable thing, issuing yearly from lands or tenements; a compensation or return, in the nature of an acknowledgment, for the possession of a corporeal inheritance.

Blackstone.

Rents, at common law, are of three kinds; rent-service, rent-charge, and rent-seck. Rent-service is when some corporal service is incident to it, as by fealty and a sum of money; rent-charge is when the owner of the rent has no future interest or reversion expectant in the land, but the rent is reserved in the deed by a clause of distress for rent in arrear; rent-seck, dry rent, is rent reserved by deed, but without any clause of distress. There are also rents of assize, certain established rents of freeholders and copy-holders of manors, which cannot be varied; called also quit-rents. These when payable in silver, are called white rents, in contradistinction to rents reserved in work or the baser metals, called black rents, or black mail. Rack-rent is a rent of the full value of the tenement, or near it. A fee farm rent is a rent-charge issuing out of an estate in fee, of at least one fourth of the value of the lands at the time of its reservation.

Blackstone.

Rent

RENT, verb transitive To lease; to grant the possession and enjoyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in the nature of rent. The owner of an estate or house rents it to a tenant for a term of years.

2. To take and hold by lease the possession of land or a tenement, for a consideration in the nature of rent. The tenant rents his estate for a year.

Rent

RENT, verb intransitive To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate or a tenement rents for five hundred dollars a year.

Rentable

RENT'ABLE, adjective That may be rented.

Rentage

RENT'AGE, noun Rent. [Not used.]

Rental

RENT'AL, noun A schedule or account of rents.

Rented

RENT'ED, participle passive Leased on rent.

Renter

RENT'ER, noun One who leases an estate; more generally, the lessee or tenant who takes an estate or tenement on rent.

Renter

RENT'ER, verb transitive [French rentraire; Latin retraho, retrahere; re and traho, to draw.]

1. To fine-draw; to sew together the edges of two pieces of cloth without doubling them, so that the seam is scarcely visible.

2. In tapestry, to work new warp into a piece of damaged tapestry, and on this to restore the original pattern or design.

Encyc.

3. To sew up artfully, as a rent.

Rentered

REN'TERED, participle passive Fine-drawn; sewed artfully together.

Renterer

REN'TERER, noun A fine-drawer.

Rentering

REN'TERING, participle of the present tense Fine-drawing; sewing artfully together.

Renting

RENT'ING, participle of the present tense Leasing on rent; taking on rent.

Rent-Roll

RENT-ROLL, noun [rent and roll.] A rental; a list or account of rents or income.

Renunciation

RENUNCIA'TION, noun [Latin renunciatio.] The act of renouncing; a disowning; rejection. [See Renounce.]

Taylor.

Renverse

RENVERSE, v. t. renvers'. [French renverser.] To reverse. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Renverse

RENVERSE, a. renvers'. In heraldry, inverted; set with the head downward or contrary to the natural posture.

Encyc.

Renversement

RENVERSEMENT, n. renvers'ment. The act of reversing. [Not in use.]

Stukely.

Reobtain

REOBTA'IN, verb transitive [re and obtain.] To obtain again.

Reobtainable

REOBTA'INABLE, adjective That may be obtained again.

Sherwood.

Reobtained

REOBTA'INED, participle passive Obtained again.

Reobtaining

REOBTA'INING, participle of the present tense Obtaining again.

Reoppose

REOPPO'SE, verb transitive s as z. To oppose again.

Reordain

REORDA'IN, verb transitive [re and ordain; French reordonner.]

To ordain again, as when the first ordination is defective.

Reordained

REORDA'INED, participle passive Ordained again.

Reordaining

REORDA'INING, participle of the present tense Ordaining again.

Reordination

REORDINA'TION, noun A second ordination.

Atterbury.

Reorganization

REORGANIZA'TION, noun The act of organizing anew; as repeated reorganization of the troops.

Marshall.

Reorganize

REOR'GANIZE, verb transitive [re and organize.] To organize anew; to reduce again to a regular body, or to a system; as, to reorganize a society or an army.

Reorganized

REOR'GANIZED, participle passive Organized anew.

Reorganizing

REOR'GANIZING, participle of the present tense Organizing anew.

Repacified

REPAC'IFIED, participle passive Pacified or appeased again.

Repacify

REPAC'IFY, verb transitive [re and pacify.] To pacify again.

Repaciifying

REPACI'IFYING, participle of the present tense Pacifying again.

Repack

REPACK', verb transitive [re and pack.] To pack a second time; as, to repack beef or pork.

Repacked

REPACK'ED, participle passive Packed again.

Repacker

REPACK'ER, noun One that repacks.

Repacking

REPACK'ING, participle of the present tense Packing anew.

Repaid

REPA'ID, participle passive of repay. Paid back.

Repair

REPA'IR, verb transitive [French reparer; Latin reparo; re and paro, to prepare. See Pare.]

1. To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation or partial destruction; as, to repair a house, a wall or a ship; to repair roads and bridges. Temperance and diet may repair a broken or enfeebled constitution. Food repairs the daily waste of the body.

2. To rebuild a part decayed or destroyed; to fill up; as, to repair a breach.

3. To make amends, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair a loss or damage.

Repair

REPA'IR, noun Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury or partial destruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are collected for the repair of a church or a city.

Repair

REPA'IR, verb intransitive [French repairer.] To go to; to betake one's self; to resort; as, to repair to a sanctuary for safety.

Go, mount the winds and to the shades repair.

Pope.

Repair

REPA'IR, noun The act of betaking one's self to any place; a resorting; abode.

Dryden.

Repairable

REPA'IRABLE, adjective That may be repaired; reparable.

Repaired

REPA'IRED, participle passive Restored to a good or sound state; rebuilt; made good.

Repairer

REPA'IRER, noun One who repairs, restores or makes amends; as the repairer of decay.

Dryden.

Repairing

REPA'IRING, participle of the present tense Restoring to a sound state; rebuilding; making amends for loss or injury.

Repand

REPAND', adjective [Latin repandus.] In botany, a repand leaf is one, the rim of which is terminated by angles having sinuses between them, inscribed in the segment of a circle; or which has a bending or waved margin, without any angles; or which is bordered with numerous minute angles and small segments of circles alternately.

Martyn. Lee. Smith.

Repandous

REPAND'OUS, adjective [supra.] Bent upwards; convexedly crooked.

Brown.

Reparable

REP'ARABLE, adjective [French from Latin reparabilis. See Repair.]

1. That may be repaired or restored to a sound or good state; as, a house or wall is not reparable.

2. That may be retrieved or made good; as, the loss is reparable.

3. That may be supplied by an equivalent; as a reparable injury.

Reparably

REP'ARABLY, adverb In a manner admitting of restoration to a good state, or of amends, supply or indemnification.

Reparation

REPARA'TION, noun The act of repairing; restoration to soundness or a good state; as the reparation of a bridge or of a highway.

2. Supply of what is wasted; as the reparation of decaying health or strength after disease or exhaustion.

3. Amends; indemnification for loss or damage. A loss may be too great for reparation.

4. Amends; satisfaction for injury.

I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose writings, and make what reparation I am able.

Dryden.

Reparative

REPAR'ATIVE, adjective That repairs; restoring to a sound or good state; that amends defect or makes good.

Taylor.

Reparative

REPAR'ATIVE, noun That which restores to a good state; that which makes amends.

Wotton. Kettlewell.

Repartee

REPARTEE', noun [French repartie, from repartir, to divide, to share, to reply; re and partir, to divide.]

A smart, ready and witty reply.

Cupid was as bad as he;

Hear but the youngster's repartee.

Prior.

Repartee

REPARTEE', verb intransitive To make smart and witty replies.

Prior.

Repass

REP`ASS, verb transitive [French repasser; Italian ripassare; re and pass.]

To pass again; to pass or travel back; as, to repass a bridge or a river; to repass the sea.

Pope.

Repass

REP`ASS, verb intransitive To pass or go back; to move back; as troops passing and repassing before our eyes.

Repassed

REP`ASSED, participle passive Passed or traveled back.

Repassing

REP`ASSING, participle of the present tense Passing back.

Repast

REP`AST, noun [French repas, from repaÃƒ-®tre; Latin re and pasco, to feed.]

1. The act of taking food; or the food taken; a meal.

From dance to sweet repast they turn.

Milton.

A repast without luxury.

Johnson.

2. Food; victuals.

Go, and get me some repast.

Shak.

Repast

REP`AST, verb transitive To feed; to feast.

Shak.

Repasture

REP`ASTURE, noun Food; entertainment. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Repay

REPA'Y, verb transitive [French repayer; re and pay.]

1. To pay back; to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or advanced.

2. To make return or requital; in a good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an injury.

Benefits which cannot be repaidÃ‚--are not commonly found to increase affection.

Rambler.

3. To recompense, as for a loss.

Milton.

4. To compensate; as false honor repaid in contempt.

Bacon.

Repayable

REPA'YABLE, adjective That is to be repaid or refunded; as money lent, repayable at the end of sixty days.

Repaying

REPA'YING, participle of the present tense Paying back; compensating; requiting.

Repayment

REPA'YMENT, noun The act of paying back; reimbursement.

2. The money or other thing repaid.

Repeal

REPE'AL, verb transitive [French rappeler, to recall; re and appeler, Latin appello; ad and pello.]

1. To recall. [Obsolete as it respects persons.]

Shak.

2. To recall, as a deed, will, law or statute; to revoke; to abrogate by an authoritative act, or by the same power that made or enacted; as, the legislature may repeal at one session, a law enacted at a preceding one.

Repeal

REPE'AL, noun Recall from exile. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. Revocation; abrogation; as the repeal of a statute.

Repealability

REPEALABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being repealable.

Repealable

REPEA'LABLE, adjective Capable of being repealed; revocable by the same power that enacted. It is held as a sound principle, that charters or grants which vest rights in individuals or corporations, are not repealable without the consent of the grantees, unless a clause reserving the right is inserted in the act.

Repealed

REPE'ALED, participle passive Revoked; abrogated.

Repealer

REPE'ALER, noun One that repeals.

Repealing

REPE'ALING, participle of the present tense Revoking; abrogating.

Repeat

REPE'AT, verb transitive [French repeter; Italian ripetere; Spanish repetir; Latin repeto; re and peto, to make at or drive towards. This verb ought to be written repete, in analogy with compete, and with repetition.]

1. To do, make, attempt or utter again; to iterate; as, to repeat an action; to repeat an attempt or exertion; to repeat a word or discourse; to repeat a song; to repeat an argument.

2. To try again.

I the danger will repeat.

Dryden.

3. To recite; to rehearse.

He repeated some lines of Virgil.

Waller.

To repeat signals, in the navy, is to make the same signal which the admiral or commander has made, or to make a signal again.

Mar. Dict.

Repeat

REPE'AT, noun In music, a mark directing a part to be repeated in performance.

2. Repetition.

Repeated

REPE'ATED, participle passive Done, attempted or spoken again; recited.

Repeatedly

REPE'ATEDLY, adverb More than once; again and again, indefinitely. He has been repeatedly warned of his danger.

Repeater

REPE'ATER, noun One that repeats; one that recites or rehearses.

2. A watch that strikes the hours at will, by the compression of a spring.

Repeating

REPE'ATING, participle of the present tense Doing or uttering again.

Repedation

REPEDA'TION, noun [Low Latin repedo; re and pes, the foot.] A stepping or going back. [Not in use.]

More.

Repel

REPEL', verb transitive [Latin repello; re and pello, to drive.]

1. To drive back; to force to return; to check advance; as, to repel an enemy or an assailant.

Hippomedon repell'd the hostile tide.

Pope.

And virtue may repel, though not invade.

Dryden.

2. To resist; to oppose; as, to repel an argument.

Repel

REPEL', verb intransitive To act with force in opposition to force impressed. Electricity sometimes attracts and sometimes repels.

2. In medicine, to check an afflux to a part of the body.

Repelled

REPEL'LED, participle passive Driven back; resisted.

Repellency

REPEL'LENCY, noun The principle of repulsion; the quality of a substance which expands or separates particles and enlarges the volume; as the repellency of heat.

Black.

2. The quality that repels, drives back or resists approach; as the repellency of the electric fluid.

3. Repulsive quality.

Forster.

Repellent

REPEL'LENT, adjective Driving back; able or tending to repel.

Repellent

REPEL'LENT, noun In medicine, a medicine which drives back morbid humors into the mass of the blood, from which they were unduly secreted; or which prevents such an afflux of fluid to a part, as would raise it to a tumor; a discutient.

Encyc. Quincy. Parr.

Repeller

REPEL'LER, noun He or that which repels.

Repelling

REPEL'LING, participle of the present tense Driving back; resisting advance or approach effectually.

Repent

RE'PENT, adjective [Latin repo, to creep.] Creeping; as a repent root.

Repent

REPENT', verb intransitive [French repentir; Italian pentire, pentirsi; Spanish arrepentirse; Latin re and poeniteo, from poena, pain, Greek. See Pain.]

1. To feel pain, sorrow or regret for something done or spoken; as, to repent that we have lost much time in idleness or sensual pleasure; to repent that we have injured or wounded the feelings of a friend. A person repents only of what he himself has done or said.

2. To express sorrow for something past.

Enobarbus did before thy face repent.

Shak.

3. To change the mind in consequence of the inconvenience or injury done by past conduct.

Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return. Exodus 13.

4. Applied to the Supreme Being, to change the course of providential dealings. Genesis 6. Psalm 106.

5. In theology, to sorrow or be pained for sin, as a violation of God's holy law, a dishonor to his character and government, and the foulest ingratitude to a Being of infinite benevolence.

Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Luke 13. Acts 3.

Repent

REPENT', verb transitive To remember with sorrow; as, to repent rash words; to repent an injury done to a neighbor; to repent follies and vices. [See Repentance.]

2. With the reciprocal pronoun. [French se repentir.]

No man repented him of his wickedness. Jeremiah 8.

[This form of expression is now obsolete.]

Repentance

REPENT'ANCE, noun [French] Sorrow for any thing done or said; the pain or grief which a person experiences in consequence of the injury or inconvenience produced by his own conduct.

2. In theology, the pain, regret or affliction which a person feels on account of his past conduct, because it exposes him to punishment. This sorrow proceeding merely from the fear of punishment, is called legal repentance, as being excited by the terrors of legal penalties, and it may exist without an amendment of life.

3. Real penitence; sorrow or deep contrition for sin, as an offense and dishonor to God, a violation of his holy law, and the basest ingratitude towards a Being of infinite benevolence. This is called evangelical repentance, and is accompanied and followed by amendment of life.

Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion from sin to God.

Hammond.

Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2 Corinthians 7. Matthew 3.

Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice, from conviction that it has offended God.

Johnson.

Repentant

REPENT'ANT, adjective [French] Sorrowful for past conduct or words.

2. Sorrowful for sin.

Milton.

3. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as repentant tears; repentant ashes; repentant sighs.

Shak. Pope.

Repentant

REPENT'ANT, noun One who repents; a penitent.

2. One that expresses sorrow for sin.

Lightfoot.

Repenter

REPENT'ER, noun One that repents.

Repenting

REPENT'ING, participle of the present tense Grieving for what is past; feeling pain or contrition for sin.

Repenting

REPENT'ING, noun Act of repenting. Hosea 11.

Repentingly

REPENT'INGLY, adverb With repentance.

Repeople

REPEOPLE, verb transitive [re and people; French repeupler.]

To people anew; to furnish again with a stock of people. The world after the flood was repeopled by the descendants of one family.

Repeopled

REPEOPLED, participle passive Stocked anew with inhabitants.

Repeopling

REPEOPLING, participle of the present tense Furnishing again with a stock of inhabitants.

Repeopling

REPEOPLING, noun [supra.] The act of furnishing again with inhabitants.

Hale.

Repercuss

REPERCUSS', verb transitive [Latin repercutio; re and percutio; per and quatio, to shake, to beat.] To beat back.

Bacon.

Repercussion

REPERCUS'SION, noun [Latin repercussio.]

1. The act of driving back; reverberation; as the repercussion of sound.

2. In music, frequent repetition of the same sound.

Encyc.

Repercussive

REPERCUSS'IVE, adjective Driving back; having the power of sending back; causing to reverberate; as repercussive rocks.

Pattison.

2. Repellent; as a repercussive medicine. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

3. Driven back; reverberated.

Thomson.

Repercussive

REPERCUSS'IVE, noun A repellent. Obs.

Bacon.

Repertitious

REPERTI'TIOUS, adjective [from Latin repertus, reperio.] Found; gained by finding. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Repertory

REP'ERTORY, noun [French repertoire; Latin repertorium, from reperio, to find again; re and aperio, to uncover.]

1. A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a common-place book, &c.

2. A treasury; a magazine.

Repetend

REPETEND', noun [Latin repetendus, repeto.] The parts of decimals continually repeated.

Repetition

REPETI'TION, noun [Latin repetitio. See Repeat.]

1. The act of doing or uttering a second time; iteration of the same act, or of the same words or sounds.

Hooker.

2. The act of reciting or rehearsing; the act of reading over.

Shak.

3. Recital.

Chapman.

4. Recital from memory, as distinct from reading.

5. In music, the art of repeating, singing or playing the same part a second time.

Encyc.

6. In rhetoric, reiteration, or a repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience.

Repetitional

REPETI'TIONAL, or REPETI'TIONARY, adjective Containing repetition. [Little used.]

Repine

REPI'NE, verb intransitive [re and pine.] To fret one's self; to be discontented; to feel inward discontent which preys on the spirits; with at or against. It is our duty never to repine at the allotments of Providence.

2. To complain discontentedly; to murmur.

Multitudes repine at the want of that which nothing but idleness hinders them from enjoying.

Rambler.

3. To envy.

Johnson.

Repiner

REPI'NER, noun One that repines or murmurs.

Repining

REPI'NING, participle of the present tense Fretting one's self; feeling discontent that preys on the spirits; complaining; murmuring.

2. adjective Disposed to murmur or complain; as a repining temper.

Repining

REPI'NING, noun The act of fretting or feeling discontent or of murmuring.

Burnet.

Repiningly

REPI'NINGLY, adverb With murmuring or complaint.

Hall.

Replace

REPLA'CE, verb transitive [French replacer; re and place.]

1. To put again in the former place; as, to replace a book.

The earlÃ‚--was replaced in his government.

Bacon.

2. To put in a new place.

Dryden.

3. To repay; to refund; as, to replace a sum of money borrowed.

4. To put a competent substitute in the place of another displaced or of something lost. The paper is lost and cannot be replaced.

Replaced

REPLA'CED, participle passive Put again in a former place; supplied by a substitute. Thus in petrifaction, the animal or vegetable substance gradually wastes away, and is replaced by silex.

Replacement

REPLA'CEMENT, noun The act of replacing.

Replacing

REPLA'CING, participle of the present tense Putting again in a former place; supplying the place of with a substitute.

Replait

REPLA'IT, verb transitive [re and plait.] To plait or fold again; to fold one part over another again and again.

Dryden.

Replaited

REPLA'ITED, participle passive Folded again or often.

Replaiting

REPLA'ITING, participle of the present tense Folding again or often.

Replant

REPLANT', verb transitive [French replanter; re and plant.] To plant again.

Bacon.

Replantable

REPLANT'ABLE, adjective That may be planted again.

Cotgrave.

Replantation

REPLANTA'TION, noun The act of planting again.

Replanted

REPLANT'ED, participle passive Planted anew.

Replanting

REPLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Planting again.

Replead

REPLE'AD, verb transitive [re and plead.] To plead again.

Repleader

REPLE'ADER, noun In law, a second pleading or course of pleadings; or the power of pleading again.

Whenever a repleader is granted, the pleadings must begin de novo.

Blackstone.

Replenish

REPLEN'ISH, verb transitive [Norm. replener, to fill; Italian riempire; Latin re and plenus, full.]

1. To fill; to stock with numbers or abundance. The magazines are replenished with corn. The springs are replenished with water.

Multiply and replenish the earth. Genesis 1.

2. To finish; to complete. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Replenish

REPLEN'ISH, verb intransitive To recover former fullness.

Bacon.

Replenished

REPLEN'ISHED, participle passive Filled; abundantly supplied.

Replenishing

REPLEN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Filling; supplying with abundance.

Replete

REPLE'TE, adjective [Latin repletus; re and pleo, to fill.] Completely filled; full.

His words replete with guile.

Milton.

Repletion

REPLE'TION, noun [French from Latin repletio.]

1. The state of being completely filled; or superabundant fullness.

Bacon.

2. In medicine, fullness of blood; plethora.

Coxe.

Repletive

REPLE'TIVE, adjective Filling; replenishing.

Cotgrave.

Repleviable

REPLEV'IABLE, adjective [See Replevy.] In law, that may be replevied.

Replevied

REPLEV'IED, participle passive Taken by a writ of replevin.

Replevin

REPLEV'IN, noun [See Replevy.] An action or remedy granted on a distress, by which a person whose cattle or goods are distrained, has them returned to his own possession upon giving security to try the right of taking in a suit at law, and if that should be determined against him, to return the cattle or goods into the possession of the distrainor.

Blackstone.

2. The writ by which a distress is replevied.

Replevisable

REPLEV'ISABLE, adjective That may be replevied; but little used, being superseded by repleviable.

Replevy

REPLEV'Y, verb transitive [re and pledge, Norm. plegg or plevy, whence in Law Latin replegiabilis and replegiare.]

1. To take back, by a writ for that purpose, cattle or goods that have been distrained, upon giving security to try the right of distraining in a suit at law, and if that should be determined against the plaintif, to return the cattle or goods into the hands of the distrainor. In this case, the person whose goods are distrained becomes the plaintif, and the person distraining the defendant or avowant.

Blackstone.

2. To bail.

Replevying

REPLEV'YING, participle of the present tense Retaking a distress. [See Replevy.]

Replication

REPLICA'TION, noun [Latin replicatio. See Reply.] An answer; a reply. Particularly,

2. In law pleadings, the reply of the plaintif to the defendant's plea.

3. Return or repercussion of sound. [Not used.]

Shak.

Replier

REPLI'ER, noun One who answers; he that speaks or writes in return to something spoken or written.

Reply

REPLY', verb intransitive [French repliquer; Latin replico; re and plico, to fold, that is, to turn or send to; Italian replicare; Spanish replicar. See Apply, Employ and Ply.]

1. To answer; to make a return in words or writing to something said or written by another.

O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Romans 9.

2. In law, to answer a defendant's plea. The defendant pleads in bar to the plaintif's declaration; the plaintif replies to the defendant's plea in bar.

Reply

REPLY', verb transitive To return for an answer. He knows not what to reply.

Reply

REPLY', noun [French replique; Italian replica.] An answer; that which is said or written in answer to what is said or written by another.

2. A book or pamphlet written in answer to another.

Replying

REPLY'ING, participle of the present tense Answering either in words or writing.

Repolish

REPOL'ISH, verb transitive [French repolir; re and polish.] To polish again.

Donne.

Repolished

REPOL'ISHED, participle passive Polished again.

Repolishing

REPOL'ISHING, participle of the present tense Polishing anew.

Report

REPORT, verb transitive [French rapporter; Latin reporto, to carry back; re and porto, to bear.]

1. To bear or bring back an answer, or to relate what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore or investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained. The committee reported the whole number of votes.

2. To give an account of; to relate; to tell.

They reported his good deeds before me. Nehemiah 6. Acts 4.

3. To tell or relate from one to another; to circulate publicly, as a story; as in the common phrase, it is reported.

It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel. Nehemiah 6.

In this form of expression, it refers to the subsequent clause of the sentence; "that thou and the Jews think to rebel, is reported."

4. To give an official account or statement; as, the secretary of the treasury reports to congress annually the amount of revenue and expenditure.

5. To give an account or statement of cases and decisions in a court of law or chancery.

6. To return, as sound; to give back.

Bacon.

To be reported, or usually, to be reported of, to be well or ill spoken of; to be mentioned with respect or reproach. Acts 16. Romans 3.

Report

REPORT, verb intransitive To make a statement of facts. The committee will report at twelve o'clock.

Report

REPORT, noun An account returned; a statement or relation of facts given in reply to inquiry, or by a person authorized to examine and make return to his employer.

From Thetis sent as spies to make report.

Waller.

2. Rumor; common fame; story circulated. Report, though often originating in fact, soon becomes incorrect, and is seldom deserving of credit. When we have no evidence but popular report, it is prudent to suspend our opinions in regard to the facts.

3. Repute; public character; as evil report and good report. 2 Corinthians 6.

Cornelius was of good report among the Jews. Acts 10.

4. Account; story; relation.

It was a true report that I heard in my own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom. 1 Kings 10.

5. Sound; noise; as the report of a pistol or cannon.

Bacon.

6. An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of a case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, &c. The books containing such statements are also called reports.

7. An official statement of facts, verbal or written; particularly, a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his superiors; as the reports of the heads of departments to congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a legislative body and the like.

Reported

REPORTED, participle passive Told, related or stated in answer to inquiry or direction; circulated in popular rumors; reputed; stated officially.

Reporter

REPORTER, noun One that gives an account, verbal or written, official or unofficial.

2. An officer or person who makes statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of legislative debates.

Reporting

REPORTING, participle of the present tense Giving account; relating; presenting statements of facts or of adjudged cases in law.

Reportingly

REPORTINGLY, adverb By report or common fame.

Reposal

REPO'SAL, n. s as z. [from repose.] The act of reposing or resting.

Shak.

Repose

REPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [French reposer; re and poser, to put; Italian riposare; Spanish reposar; Latin repono, reposui.]

1. To lay at rest.

Ã‚--After the toil of battle, to repose

Your wearied virtue.

Milton.

2. To lay; to rest, as the mind, in confidence or trust; as, to repose trust or confidence in a person's veracity.

3. To lay up; to deposit; to lodge; as pebbles reposed in cliffs.

Woodward.

4. To place in confidence.

Repose

REPO'SE, verb intransitive To lie at rest; to sleep.

Within a thicket I repos'd.

Chapman.

2. To rest in confidence. I repose on the faith and honor of a friend.

3. To lie; to rest; as trap reposing on sand.

Repose

REPO'SE, noun [French repos.] A lying at rest.

2. Sleep; rest; quiet.

Milton. Shak.

3. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness.

4. Cause of rest.

After great lights must be great shadows, which we call reposes.

Dryden.

5. In poetry, a rest; a pause.

Encyc.

6. In painting, harmony of colors, as when nothing glaring appears.

Gilpin.

Reposed

REPO'SED, participle passive Laid at rest; placed in confidence.

Reposedness

REPO'SEDNESS, noun State of being at rest.

Reposing

REPO'SING, participle of the present tense Laying at rest; placing in confidence; lying at rest; sleeping.

Reposit

REPOS'IT, verb transitive [Latin repositus, repono.] To lay up; to lodge, as for safety or preservation.

Others reposit their young in holes.

Derham.

Reposited

REPOS'ITED, participle passive Laid up; deposited for safety or preservation.

Repositing

REPOS'ITING, participle of the present tense Laying up or lodging for safety or preservation.

Reposition

REPOSI'TION, noun The act of replacing; as the reposition of a bone.

Wiseman.

Repository

REPOS'ITORY, noun [Latin repositorium, from repono.]

A place where things are or may be deposited for safety or preservation. A granary is a repository for corn, an arsenal for arms. The mind or memory is called the repository of ideas.

Locke.

Repossess

REPOSSESS', verb transitive [re and possess.] To possess again.

Nor shall my father repossess the land.

Pope.

To repossess one's self, to obtain possession again.

Repossessed

REPOSSESS'ED, participle passive Possessed again.

Repossessing

REPOSSESS'ING, participle of the present tense Possessing again; obtaining possession again.

Repossession

REPOSSES'SION, noun The act of possessing again; the state of possessing again.

Repour

REPOUR, verb transitive [re and pour.] To pour again.

Reprehend

REPREHEND', verb transitive [Latin reprehendo; re and prehendo, to seize; French reprendre.]

1. To chide; to reprove.

Pardon me for reprehending thee.

Shak.

2. To blame; to censure.

I nor advise, nor reprehened the choice.

Philips.

3. To detect of fallacy.

This color will be reprehended or encountered, by imputing to all excellencies in compositions a kind of poverty. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

4. To accuse; to charge with a fault; with of; as Aristippus, being reprehended of luxury.

Bacon.

Reprehended

REPREHEND'ED, participle passive Reproved; blamed.

Reprehender

REPREHEND'ER, noun One that reprehends; one that blames or reproves.

Hooker.

Reprehending

REPREHEND'ING, participle of the present tense Reproving; blaming.

Reprehensible

REPREHEN'SIBLE, adjective [French from Latin reprehensus.]

Blamable; culpable; censurable; deserving reproof; applied to persons or things; as a reprehensible person; reprehensible conduct.

Reprehensibleness

REPREHEN'SIBLENESS, noun Blamableness; culpableness.

Reprehensibly

REPREHEN'SIBLY, adverb Culpably; in a manner to deserve censure or reproof.

Reprehension

REPREHEN'SION, noun [French from Latin reprehensio.]

Reproof; censure; open blame. Faults not punishable, may deserve reprehension.

Reprehensive

REPREHEN'SIVE, adjective Containing reproof.

South.

Reprehensory

REPREHEN'SORY, adjective Containing reproof.

Boswell.

Represent

REPRESENT', v. t. s as z. [French representer; Latin reproesento; re and Low Latin proesento, from proesens, present.]

1. To show or exhibit by resemblance.

Before him burn

Seven lamps, as in a zodiac, representing

The heavenly fires.

Milton.

2. To describe; to exhibit to the mind in words.

The managers of the bank at Genoa have been represented as a second kind of senate.

Addison.

3. To exhibit; to show by action; as a tragedy well represented.

Johnson.

4. To personate; to act the character or to fill the place of another in a play; as, to represent the character of king Richard.

5. To supply the place of; to act as a substitute for another. The parliament of Great Britain represents the nation. The congress of the United States represents the people or nation. The senate is considered as representing the states in their corporate capacity.

6. To show by arguments, reasoning or statement of facts. The memorial represents the situation of the petitioner. Represent to your son the danger of an idle life or profligate company.

7. To stand in the place of, in the right of inheritance.

All the branches inherit the same share that their root, whom they represent, would have done.

Blackstone.

Representance

REPRESENT'ANCE, noun Representation; likeness. [Not used.]

Donne.

Representant

REPRESENT'ANT, noun A representative. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Representation

REPRESENTA'TION, noun The act of representing, describing or showing.

2. That which exhibits by resemblance; image, likeness, picture or statue; as representations of God.

Stillingfleet.

3. Any exhibition of the form or operations of a thing by something resembling it. A map is a representation of the world or a part of it. The terrestrial globe is a representation of the earth. An orrery is a representation of the planets and their revolutions.

4. Exhibition, as of a play on the stage.

5. Exhibition of a character in theatrical performance.

6. Verbal description; statement of arguments or facts in narration, oratory, debate, petition, admonition, &c.; as the representation of a historian, of a witness or an advocate.

7. The business of acting as a substitute for another; as the representation of a nation in a legislative body.

8. Representatives, as a collective body. It is expedient to have an able representation in both houses of congress.

9. Public exhibition.

10. The standing in the place of another, as an heir, or in the right of taking by inheritance.

Blackstone.

Representative

REPRESENT'ATIVE, adjective [French representatif.]

1. Exhibiting a similitude.

They own the legal sacrifices, though representative, to be proper and real.

Atterbury.

2. Bearing the character or power of another; as a council representative of the people.

Swift.

Representative

REPRESENT'ATIVE, noun One that exhibits the likeness of another.

A statue of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was the representative of credulity.

Addison.

2. In legislative or other business, an agent, deputy or substitute who supplies the place of another or others, being invested with his or their authority. An attorney is the representative of his client or employer. A member of the house of commons is the representative of his constituents and of the nation. In matters concerning his constituents only, he is supposed to be bound by their instructions, but in the enacting of laws for the nation, he is supposed not to be bound by their instructions, as he acts for the whole nation.

3. In law, one that stands in the place of another as heir, or in the right of succeeding to an estate of inheritance, or to a crown.

4. That by which any thing is exhibited or shown.

This doctrine supposes the perfections of God to be the representatives to us of whatever we perceive in the creatures.

Locke.

Representatively

REPRESENT'ATIVELY, adverb In the character of another; by a representative.

Barrow.

2. By substitution; by delegation of power.

Sandys.

Representativeness

REPRESENT'ATIVENESS, noun The state or quality of being representative.

Dr. Burnet observes that every thought is attended with consciousness and representativeness.

Spectator.

Represented

REPRESENT'ED, participle passive Shown; exhibited; personated; described; stated; having substitutes.

Representer

REPRESENT'ER, noun One who shows, exhibits or describes.

2. A representative; one that acts by deputation. [Little used.]

Swift.

Representing

REPRESENT'ING, participle of the present tense Showing; exhibiting; describing; acting in another's character; acting in the place of another.

Representment

REPRESENT'MENT, noun Representation; image; an idea proposed as exhibiting the likeness of something.

Taylor. Brown.

Repress

REPRESS', verb transitive [Latin repressus, reprimo; re and premo, to press.]

1. To crush; to quell; to put down; to subdue; to suppress; as, to repress sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of discontent.

2. To check; to restrain.

Such kings

Favor the innocent, repress the bold.

Waller.

Repress

REPRESS', noun The act of subduing. [Not in use.]

Repressed

REPRESS'ED, participle passive Crushed; subdued.

Represser

REPRESS'ER, noun One that crushes or subdues.

Repressing

REPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Crushing; subduing; checking.

Repression

REPRES'SION, noun The act of subduing; as the repression of tumults.

K. Charles.

2. Check; restraint.

Repressive

REPRESS'IVE, adjective Having power to crush; tending to subdue or restrain.

Reprieval

REPRIE'VAL, noun Respit; reprieve. [Not in use.]

Overbury.

Reprieve

REPRIE'VE, verb transitive [I know not the origin of this word, unless it is the French reprendre, repris. In Norm. repriont is rendered reprieved deductions, and reprises, deductions and duties yearly paid out of lands.]

1. To respit after sentence of death; to suspend or delay the execution of for a time; as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty days.

He reprieves the sinner from time to time.

Rogers.

2. To grant a respit to; to relieve for a time from any suffering.

Company, though it may reprieve a man from his melancholy, yet cannot secure a man from his conscience.

South.

Reprieve

REPRIE'VE, noun The temporary suspension of the execution of sentence of death on a criminal.

Clarendon.

2. Respit; interval of ease or relief.

All that I ask is but a short reprieve,

Till I forget to love, and learn to grieve.

Denham.

Reprieved

REPRIE'VED, participle passive Respited; allowed a longer time to live than the sentence of death permits.

Reprieving

REPRIE'VING, participle of the present tense Respiting; suspending the execution of for a time.

Reprimand

REP'RIMAND, verb transitive [French reprimander. If this word is from Latin reprimo, it must be formed from the participle reprimendus.]

1. To reprove severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault.

Germanicus was severely reprimanded by Tiberius, for traveling into Egypt without his permission.

Arbuthnot.

2. To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence. The court ordered the officer to be reprimanded.

Reprimand

REP'RIMAND, noun Severe reproof for a fault; reprehension, private or public.

Spectator.

Reprimanded

REP'RIMANDED, participle passive Severely reproved.

Reprimanding

REP'RIMANDING, participle of the present tense Reproving severely.

Reprint

REPRINT', verb transitive [re and print.] To print again; to print a second or any new edition.

Pope.

2. To renew the impression of any thing.

The business of redemption isÃ‚--to reprint God's image on the soul.

South.

Reprint

RE'PRINT, noun A second or a new edition of a book.

Review of Griesbach.

Reprinted

REPRINT'ED, participle passive Printed anew; impressed again.

Reprinting

REPRINT'ING, participle of the present tense Printing again; renewing an impression.

Reprisal

REPRI'SAL, n. s as z. [French represailles; Italian ripresaglia; Spanish represalia; French reprendre, repris, to retake; re and prendre, Latin prendo.]

1. The seizure or taking of any thing from an enemy by way of retaliation or indemnification for something taken or detained by him.

2. That which is taken from an enemy to indemnify an owner for something of his which the enemy has seized. Reprisals may consist of persons or of goods. Letters of marque and reprisal may be obtained in order to seize the bodies or goods of the subjects of an offending state, until satisfaction shall be made.

Blackstone.

3. Recaption; a retaking of a man's own goods or any of his family, wife, child or servant, wrongfully taken from him or detained by another. In this case, the owner may retake the goods or persons wherever he finds them.

Blackstone.

Letters of marque and reprisal, a commission granted by the supreme authority of a state to a subject, empowering him to pass the frontiers [marque,] that is, enter an enemy's territories and capture the goods and persons of the enemy, in return for goods or persons taken by him.

4. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation of an act of inhumanity.

Vattel.

Reprise

REPRI'SE, n. s as z. [French] A taking by way of retaliation. Obs.

Dryden.

Reprise

REPRI'SE, v. t. s as z. To take again. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To recompense; to pay. Obs.

Grant.

Reprizes

REPRI'ZES, n. plu. In law, yearly deductions out of a manor, as rent-charge rent-seck, &c.

Jones.

Reproach

REPROACH, verb transitive [French reprocher; Italian rimprocciare; from the same root as approach, and French proche, near, Latin prox, in proximus, from a root in Class Brg, signifying to thrust or drive; probably.]

1. To censure in terms of opprobrium or contempt.

Mezentius with his ardor warm'd

His fainting friends, reproach'd their shameful flight,

Repell'd the victors.

Dryden.

2. To charge with a fault in severe language.

That shame

There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.

Milton.

3. To upbraid; to suggest blame for any thing. A man's conscience will reproach him for a criminal, mean or unworthy action.

4. To treat with scorn or contempt. Luke 6.

Reproach

REPROACH, noun Censure mingled with contempt or derision; contumelious or opprobrious language towards any person; abusive reflections; as foul-mouthed reproach.

Shak.

2. Shame; infamy; disgrace.

Give not thine heritage to reproach. Joel 2. Isaiah 4.

3. Object of contempt, scorn or derision.

Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we may be no more a reproach. Nehemiah 2.

4. That which is the cause of shame or disgrace. Genesis 30.

Reproachable

REPROACHABLE, adjective Deserving reproach.

2. Opprobrious; scurrilous. [Not proper.]

Elyot.

Reproached

REPROACHED, participle passive Censured in terms of contempt; upbraided.

Reproachful

REPROACHFUL, adjective Expressing censure with contempt; scurrilous; opprobrious; as reproachful words.

Shak.

2. Shameful; bringing or casting reproach; infamous; base; vile; as reproachful conduct; a reproachful life.

Reproachfully

REPROACHFULLY, adverb In terms of reproach; opprobriously; scurrilously. 1 Timothy 5.

2. Shamefully; disgracefully; contemptuously.

Reprobate

REP'ROBATE, adjective [Latin reprobatus, reprobo, to disallow; re and probo, to prove.]

1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected.

Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected them. Jeremiah 6.

2. Abandoned in sin; lost to virtue or grace.

They profess that they know God, but in works deny him, being abominable and disobedient, and to every good work reprobate. Titus ~~.

3. Abandoned to error, or in apostasy. 2 Timothy 3.

Reprobate

REP'ROBATE, noun A person abandoned to sin; one lost to virtue and religion.

I acknowledge myself a reprobate, a villain, a traitor to the king.

Raleigh.

Reprobate

REP'ROBATE, verb transitive To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to disallow; to reject. It expresses more than disapprove or disallow. We disapprove of slight faults and improprieties; we reprobate what is mean or criminal.

2. In a milder sense, to disallow.

Such an answer as this, is reprobated and disallowed of in law.

Ayliffe.

3. To abandon to wickedness and eternal destruction.

Hammond.

4. To abandon to his sentence, without hope of pardon.

Drive him out

To reprobated exile.

Southern.

Reprobated

REP'ROBATED, participle passive Disapproved with abhorrence; rejected; abandoned to wickedness or to destruction.

Reprobateness

REP'ROBATENESS, noun The state of being reprobate.

Reprobater

REP'ROBATER, noun One that reprobates.

Reprobating

REP'ROBATING, participle of the present tense Disapproving with extreme dislike; rejecting; abandoning to wickedness or to destruction.

Reprobation

REPROBA'TION, noun [French from Latin reprobatio.]

1. The act of disallowing with detestation, or of expressing extreme dislike.

2. The act of abandoning or state of being abandoned to eternal destruction.

When a sinner is so hardened as to feel no remorse or misgiving of conscience, it is considered as a sign of reprobation.

Encyc.

3. A condemnatory, sentence; rejection.

Set a brand of reprobation on clipt poetry and false coin.

Dryden.

Reprobationer

REPROBA'TIONER, noun One who abandons others to eternal destruction.

South.

Reproduce

REPRODU'CE, verb transitive [re and produce.] To produce again; to renew the production of a thing destroyed. Trees are reproduced by new shoots from the roots or stump; and certain animals, as the polype, are reproduced from cuttings.

Encyc.

Reproduced

REPRODU'CED, participle passive Produced anew.

Reproducer

REPRODU'CER, noun One or that which reproduces.

Burke.

Reproducing

REPRODU'CING, participle of the present tense Producing anew.

Reproduction

REPRODUC'TION, noun The act or process of reproducing that which has been destroyed; as the reproduction of plants or animals from cuttings or slips. The reproduction of several parts of lobsters and crabs is one of the greatest curiosities in natural history.

Encyc.

Reproof

REPROOF', noun [from reprove.] Blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; reprehension.

Those best can bear reproof, who merit praise.

Pope.

He that hateth reproof is brutish. Prox. xii.

2. Blame cast; censure directed to a person.

Reprovable

REPROVABLE, adjective [from reprove.] Worthy of reproof; deserving censure; blamable.

Taylor.

Reprove

REPROVE, verb transitive [French reprouver; Latin reprobo; re and probo, to prove.]

1. To blame; to censure.

I will not reprove thee for thy sacrificesÃ‚-- Ps. 1.

2. To charge with a fault to the face; to chide; to reprehend. Luke 3.

3. To blame for; with of; as, to reprove one of laziness.

Carew.

4. To convince of a fault, or to make it manifest. John 16.

5. To refute; to disprove. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. To excite a sense of guilt. The heart or conscience reproves us.

7. To manifest silent disapprobation or blame.

The vicious cannot bear the presence of the good, whose very looks reprove them, and whose life is a severe, though silent admonition.

Buckminster.

Reproved

REPROVED, participle passive Blamed; reprehended; convinced of a fault.

Reprover

REPROVER, noun One that reproves; he or that which blames. Conscience is a bold reprover.

South.

Reproving

REPROVING, participle of the present tense Blaming; censuring.

Reprune

REPRU'NE, verb transitive [re and prune.] To prune a second time.

Evelyn.

Repruned

REPRU'NED, participle of the present tense Pruned a second time.

Repruning

REPRU'NING, participle of the present tense Pruning a second time.

Reptile

REP'TILE, adjective [French from Latin reptilis, from repo, to creep, Greek; Italian rettile; Spanish reptil. See Creep. The primary sense is probably to rub or scrape, or to seize.]

1. Creeping; moving on the belly, or with many small feet.

2. Groveling; low; vulgar; as a reptile race or crew; reptile vices.

Burke.

Reptile

REP'TILE, noun An animal that moves on its belly, or by means of small short legs, as earth-worms, caterpillars, snakes and the like.

In zoology, the reptiles constitute an order of the class Amphibia, including all such as are furnished with limbs or articulated extremities, as tortoises, lizards and frogs.

Linne.

2. A groveling or very mean person; a term of contempt.

Republic

REPUB'LIC, noun [Latin respublica; res and publica; public affairs.]

1. A commonwealth; a state in which the exercise of the sovereign power is lodged in representatives elected by the people. In modern usage, it differs from a democracy or democratic state, in which the people exercise the powers of sovereignty in person. Yet the democracies of Greece are often called republics.

2. Common interest; the public. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Republic of letters, the collective body of learned men.

Republican

REPUB'LICAN, adjective Pertaining to a republic; consisting of a commonwealth; as a republican constitution or government.

2. Consonant to the principles of a republic; as republican sentiments or opinions; republican manners.

Republican

REPUB'LICAN, noun One who favors or prefers a republican form of government.

Republicanism

REPUB'LICANISM, noun A republican form or system of government.

2. Attachment to a republican form of government.

Burke.

Republicanize

REPUB'LICANIZE, verb transitive To convert to republican principles; as, to republicanize the rising generation.

Ramsay.

Republication

REPUBLICA'TION, noun [re and publication.]

1. A second publication, or a new publication of something before published.

2. A second publication, as of a former will, renewal.

If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the former; but the republication of a former will, revokes one of a later date, and establishes the first.

Blackstone.

Republish

REPUB'LISH, verb transitive [re and publish.] To publish a second time, or to publish a new edition of a work before published.

2. To publish anew.

Unless, subsequent to the purchase or contract, the devisor republishes his will.

Blackstone.

Republished

REPUB'LISHED, participle passive Published anew.

Republisher

REPUB'LISHER, noun One who republishes.

Republishing

REPUB'LISHING, participle of the present tense Publishing again.

Repudiable

REPU'DIABLE, adjective [from repudiate.] That may be rejected; fit or proper to be put away.

Repudiate

REPU'DIATE, verb transitive [French repudier; Latin repudio; re and one of the roots in class Bd, which signifies to send or thrust.] To cast away; to reject; to discard.

AtheistsÃ‚--repudiate all title to the kingdom of heaven.

Bentley.

2. Appropriately, to put away; to divorce; as a wife.

Repudiated

REPU'DIATED, participle passive Cast off; rejected; discarded; divorced.

Repudiating

REPU'DIATING, participle of the present tense Casting off; rejecting; divorcing.

Repudiation

REPUDIA'TION, noun [French from Latin repudiatio.] Rejection.

2. Divorce; as the repudiation of a wife.

Arbuthnot.

Repugn

REPUGN, n. repu'ne. [Latin repugno; re and pugno.]

To oppose; to resist. [Not used.]

Elyot.

Repugnance

REPUG'NANCE, or REPUG'NANCY, noun [French repugnance; Italian ripugnanza; Latin repugnantia, from repugno, to resist; re and pugno, to fight.]

1. Opposition of mind; reluctance; unwillingness.

Shak. Dryden.

2. Opposition or struggle of passions; resistance.

South.

3. Opposition of principles or qualities; inconsistency; contrariety.

But where difference is without repugnancy, that which hath been can be no prejudice to that which is.

Hooker.

Repugnant

REPUG'NANT, adjective [French from Latin repugnans.]

1. Opposite; contrary; inconsistent; properly followed by to. Every sin is repugnant to the will of God. Every thing morally wrong, is repugnant both to the honor, as well as to the interest of the offender.

2. Disobedient; not obsequious. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Repugnantly

REPUG'NANTLY, adverb With opposition; in contradiction.

Brown.

Repullulate

REPUL'LULATE, verb intransitive [Latin re and pullulo, to bud.] To bud again.

Howell.

Repullulation

REPULLULA'TION, noun The act of budding again.

Repulse

REPULSE, n. repuls'. [Latin repulsa, from repello; re and pello, to drive.]

1. A being checked in advancing, or driven back by force. The enemy met with a repulse and retreated.

2. Refusal; denial.

Bailey.

Repulse

REPULSE, v. t. repuls'. [Latin repulsus, repello.]

To repel; to beat or drive back; as, to repulse an assailant or advancing enemy.

Knolles. Milton.

Repulsed

REPULS'ED, participle passive Repelled; driven back.

Repulser

REPULS'ER, noun One that repulses or drives back.

Sherwood.

Repulsing

REPULS'ING, participle of the present tense Driving back.

Repulsion

REPUL'SION, noun In physics, the power of repelling or driving off; that property of bodies which causes them to recede from each other or avoid coming in contact.

Encyc.

2. The act of repelling.

Repulsive

REPULS'IVE, adjective Repelling; driving off, or keeping from approach. The repulsive power of the electric fluid is remarkable.

2. Cold; reserved; forbidding; as repulsive manners.

Repulsiveness

REPULS'IVENESS, noun The quality of being repulsive or forbidding.

Repulsory

REPULS'ORY, adjective Repulsive; driving back.

Repurchase

REPUR'CHASE, verb transitive [re and purchase.]

To buy again; to buy back; to regain by purchase or expense.

Hale.

Repurchase

REPUR'CHASE, noun The act of buying again; the purchase again of what has been sold.

Repurchased

REPUR'CHASED, participle passive Bought back or again; regained by expense; as a throne repurchased with the blood of enemies.

Shak.

Repurchasing

REPUR'CHASING, participle of the present tense Buying back or again; regaining by the payment of a price.

Reputable

REP'UTABLE, adjective [from repute.] Being in good repute; held in esteem; as a reputable man or character; reputable conduct. It expresses less than respectable and honorable, denoting the good opinion of men, without distinction or great qualities.

2. Consistent with reputation; not mean or disgraceful. It is evidence of extreme depravity that vice is in any case reputable.

In the article of danger, it is as reputable to elude an enemy as to defeat one.

Broome.

Reputableness

REP'UTABLENESS, noun The quality of being reputable.

Reputably

REP'UTABLY, adverb With reputation; without disgrace or discredit; as, to fill an office reputably.

Reputation

REPUTA'TION, noun [French from Latin reputatio.]

1. Good name; the credit, honor or character which is derived from a favorable public opinion or esteem. Reputation is a valuable species of property or right, which should never be violated. With the loss of reputation, a man and especially a woman, loses most of the enjoyments of life.

The best evidence of reputation is a man's whole life.

Ames.

2. Character by report; in a good or bad sense; as, a man has the reputation of being rich or poor, or of being a thief.

Addison.

Repute

REPU'TE, verb transitive [Latin reputo; re and puto, to think; French reputer.]

To think; to account; to hold; to reckon.

The king was reputed a prince most prudent.

Shak.

Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your sight? Job 18.

Repute

REPU'TE, noun Reputation; good character; the credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; as men of repute.

2. Character; in a bad sense; as a man held in bad repute.

3. Established opinion; as upheld by old repute.

Milton.

Reputed

REPU'TED, participle passive Reckoned; accounted.

Reputedly

REPU'TEDLY, adverb In common opinion or estimation.

Barrow.

Reputeless

REPU'TELESS, adjective Disreputable; disgraceful.

Shak.

Reputing

REPU'TING, participle of the present tense Thinking; reckoning; accounting.

Request

REQUEST', noun [French requÃƒ-ªte; Latin requisitus, requiro; re and quoero, to seek; Italian richiesta; Spanish requesta. See Quest, Question.]

1. The expression of desire to some person for something to be granted or done; an asking; a petition.

Haman stood up to make request for his life to Esther the queen. Esther 7.

2. Prayer; the expression of desire to a superior or to the Almighty. Philippians 4.

3. The thing asked for or requested.

I will both hear and grant you your requests.

Shak.

He gave them their request; but sent leanness into their soul. Psalm 106.

4. A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be sought after or pursued.

Knowledge and fame were in as great request as wealth among us now.

Temple.

In request, in demand; in credit or reputation.

Coriolanus being now in no request.

Shak.

Request expresses less earnestness than entreaty and supplication, and supposes a right in the person requested to deny or refuse to grant. In this it differs from demand.

Request

REQUEST', verb transitive [French requÃƒ-ªter.] To ask; to solicit; to express desire for.

The weight of the golden ear-rings which he requested, was a thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold. Judges 8.

2. To express desire to; to ask. We requested a friend to accompany us.

Court of requests, in England, a court of equity for the relief of such persons as addressed his majesty by supplication; abolished by Stat. 16 and 17 Ca. 1.

Encyc.

2. A court of conscience for the recovery of small debts, held by two aldermen and four commoners, who try causes by the oath of parties and of other witnesses.

Blackstone.

Requested

REQUEST'ED, participle passive Asked; desired; solicited.

Requester

REQUEST'ER, noun One who requests; a petitioner.

Requesting

REQUEST'ING, participle of the present tense Asking; petitioning.

Requicken

REQUICK'EN, verb transitive [re and quicken.] To reanimate; to give new life to.

Shak.

Requickened

REQUICK'ENED, participle passive Reanimated.

Requickening

REQUICK'ENING, participle of the present tense Reanimating; invigorating.

Requiem

RE'QUIEM, noun [Latin] In the Romish church, a hymn or mass sung for the dead, for the rest of his soul; so called from the first word.

Encyc.

2. Rest; quiet; peace. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Requietory

REQUI'ETORY, noun [Low Latin requietorium.] A sepulcher. [Not in use.]

Weever.

Requirable

REQUI'RABLE, adjective [from require.] That may be required; fit or proper to be demanded.

Hale.

Require

REQUI'RE, verb transitive [Latin requiro; re and quoero, to seek; French Spanish requerir. See Query.]

1. To demand; to ask, as of right and by authority. We require a person to do a thing, and we require a thing to be done.

Why then doth my lord require this thing? 1 Chronicles 21.

2. To claim; to render necessary; as a duty or any thing indispensable; as, the law of God requires strict obedience.

3. To ask as a favor; to request.

I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way. Ez. 8.

[In this sense, the word is rarely used.]

4. To call to account for.

I will require my flock at their hand. Ezekiel 34.

5. To make necessary; to need; to demand.

The king's business required haste. 1 Samuel 21.

6. To avenge; to take satisfaction for. 1 Samuel 20.

Required

REQUI'RED, participle passive Demanded; needed; necessary.

Requirement

REQUI'REMENT, noun Demand; requisition.

Scott. Chalmers.

This ruler was one of those who believe that they can fill up every requirement contained in the rule of righteousness.

J. M. Mason.

The Bristol water is of service where the secretions exceed the requirements of health.

Encyc.

Requirer

REQUI'RER, noun One who requires.

Requiring

REQUI'RING, participle of the present tense Demanding; needing.

Requisite

REQ'UISITE, a. s as z. [Latin requisitus, from requiro.]

Required by the nature of things or by circumstances; necessary; so needful that it cannot be dispensed with. Repentance and faith are requisite to salvation. Air is requisite to support life. Heat is requisite to vegetation.

Requisite

REQ'UISITE, noun That which is necessary; something indispensable. Contentment is a requisite to a happy life.

God on his part has declared the requisites on ours; what we must do to obtain blessings, is the great business of us all to know.

Wake.

Requisitely

REQ'UISITELY, adverb Necessarily; in a requisite manner.

Boyle.

Requisiteness

REQ'UISITENESS, noun The state of being requisite or necessary; necessity.

Boyle.

Requisition

REQUISI'TION, noun [French; Italian requisizione. See Require.]

Demand; application made as of right. Under the old confederation of the American states, congress often made requisitions on the states for money to supply the treasury; but they had no power to enforce their requisitions, and the states neglected or partially complied with them.

Hamilton.

Requisitive

REQUIS'ITIVE, adjective Expressing or implying demand.

Harris.

Requisitory

REQUIS'ITORY, adjective Sought for; demanded. [Little used.]

Requital

REQUI'TAL, noun [from requite.] Return for any office, good or bad; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; as the requital of services; in a bad sense, retaliation or punishment, as the requital of evil deeds.

2. Return; reciprocal action.

No merit their aversion can remove,

Nor ill requital can efface their love.

Waller.

Requite

REQUI'TE, verb transitive [from quit, Latin cedo; Irish cuitighim, to requite; cuiteach, recompense.]

1. To repay either good or evil; in a good sense, to recompense; to return an equivalent in good; to reward.

I also will requite you this kindness. 2 Samuel 2:1 Timothy 5.

In a bad sense, to retaliate; to return evil for evil; to punish.

Joseph will certainly requite us all the evil which we did to him. Genesis 50.

2. To do or give in return.

He hath requited me evil for good. 1 Samuel 25.

Requited

REQUI'TED, participle passive Repaid; recompensed; rewarded.

Requiter

REQUI'TER, noun One who requites.

Requiting

REQUI'TING, participle of the present tense Recompensing; rewarding; giving in return.

Rere-Mouse

RE'RE-MOUSE, noun [Saxon hreremus.] A bat. [See Rear-mouse.]

Re-Resolve

RE-RESOLVE, v. t. re-rezolv'. To resolve a second time.

Rere-Ward

RE'RE-WARD, noun [rear and ward.] The part of an army that marches in the rear, as the guard; the rear guard. [The latter orthography is to be preferred.] Numbers 10. Isaiah 52.

Resail

RESA'IL, v. or i. [re and sail.] To sail back.

Pope.

Resale

RESA'LE, noun [re and sale.] A sale at second hand.

Bacon.

2. A second sale; a sale of what was before sold to the possessor.

Resalute

RESALU'TE, verb transitive [Latin resaluto; re and saluto, to salute; French resaluer.]

1. To salute or greet anew.

Milton.

2. To return a salutation.

Resaluted

RESALU'TED, participle passive Saluted again.

Resaluting

RESALU'TING, participle of the present tense Saluting anew.

Rescind

RESCIND', verb transitive [Latin rescindo; re and scindo, to cut; French rescinder.]

1. To abrogate; to revoke; to annul; to vacate an act by the enacting authority or by superior authority; as, to rescind a law, a resolution or a vote; to rescind an edict or decree; to rescind a judgment.

2. To cut off. [Not used.]

Rescission

RESCISSION, n. resizh'on. [French rescision, from Latin rescissus.]

1. The act of abrogating, annulling or vacating; as the rescission of a law, decree or judgment.

2. A cutting off.

Rescissory

RESCIS'SORY, adjective [French rescisoire.] Having power to cut off or to abrogate.

Selden.

Rescous

RES'COUS, in law. [See Rescue.]

Rescribe

RESCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin rescribo; re and scribo, to write.]

1. To write back.

Ayliffe.

2. To write over again.

Howell.

Rescript

RE'SCRIPT, noun [Latin rescriptum, rescribo.] The answer of an emperor, when consulted by particular persons on some difficult question. This answer serves as a decision of the question, and is therefore equivalent to an edict or decree.

Encyc.

Rescriptively

RESCRIP'TIVELY, adverb By rescript. [Unusual.]

Burke.

Rescuable

RES'CUABLE, adjective That may be rescued.

Gayton.

Rescue

RESCUE, v. t. res'cu. [Norm. rescure, to rescue; rescous, retaken, rescued, relieved; French recourre, recous; qu. from recouvrer, to recover. The Italian riscattare, Spanish rescatar, Portugese resgatar, to redeem, to rescue, is compounded of re and cattare, to get. The French recous is evidently the Italian riscossa, recovery, riscosso, recovered, from riscuotere, to redeem, ransom, regain, escape, exact, or recover, contracted in French recourre, from ri or re and Italian scuotere, to shake; scossa, a shaking; Latin re and quatio.]

To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger or evil; to liberate from actual restraint, or to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; as, to rescue a prisoner from an officer; to rescue seamen from destruction by shipwreck.

So the people rescued Jonathan that he died not. 1 Samuel 14, 30. Psalm 35.

Cattle taken by distress contrary to law, may be rescued by the owner, while on their way to the pound.

Blackstone.

Estimate the value of one soul rescued from eternal guilt and agony, and destined to grow forever in the knowledge and likeness of God.

A. Dickinson.

Rescue

RES'CUE, noun [See the Verb.] Deliverance from restraint, violence or danger, by force or by the interference of an agent.

2. In law, rescue or rescous, the forcible retaking of a lawful distress from the distrainor, or from the custody of the law; also, the forcible liberation of a defendant from the custody of the officer, in which cases, the remedy is by writ of rescous. But when the distress is unlawfully taken, the owner may lawfully make rescue.

The rescue of a prisoner from the court, is punished with perpetual imprisonment and forfeiture of goods.

Blackstone.

Rescued

RES'CUED, participle passive Delivered from confinement or danger; or forcibly taken from the custody of the law.

Rescuer

RES'CUER, noun One that rescues or retakes.

Kent.

Rescuing

RES'CUING, participle of the present tense Liberating from restraint or danger; forcibly taking from the custody of the law.

Research

RESEARCH, n. reserch'. [French recherche.] Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles; laborious or continued search after truth; as researches of human wisdom.

Rogers.

Research

RESEARCH, v. t. reserch'. [French rechercher; re and chercher.]

1. To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently for the truth.

It is not easy to research with due distinction, in the actions of eminent personages, both how much may have been blemished by the envy of others, and what was corrupted by their own felicity. [Unusual.]

Wotton.

2. To search again; to examine anew.

Researcher

RESEARCHER, n. reserch'er. One who diligently inquires or examines.

Reseat

RESE'AT, verb transitive [re and seat.] To seat or set again.

Dryden.

Reseated

RESE'ATED, participle passive Seated again.

Reseating

RESE'ATING, participle of the present tense Seating again.

Resection

RESEC'TION, noun [Latin resectio, reseco.] The act of cutting or paring off.

Cotgrave.

Reseek

RESEE'K, verb transitive pret. and pp. resought. [re and seek.]

To seek again.

J. Barlow.

Reseize

RESE'IZE, verb transitive [re and seize.] To seize again; to seize a second time.

Spenser.

2. In law, to take possession of lands and tenements which have been disseized.

Whereupon the sherif is commanded to reseize the land and all the chattels thereon, and keep the same in his custody till the arrival of the justices of assize.

Blackstone.

Reseized

RESE'IZED, participle passive Seized again.

Reseizer

RESE'IZER, noun One who seizes again.

Reseizing

RESE'IZING, participle of the present tense Seizing again.

Reseizure

RESEIZURE, n. rese'zhur. A second seizure; the act of seizing again.

Bacon.

Resell

RESELL', verb transitive To sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold.

Wheaton, v. 4.

Resemblable

RESEM'BLABLE, adjective [See Resemble.] That may be compared. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Resemblance

RESEM'BLANCE, noun [French ressemblance. See Resemble.]

1. Likeness; similitude, either of external form or of qualities. We observe a resemblance between persons, a resemblance in shape, a resemblance in manners, a resemblance in dispositions. Painting and poetry bear a great resemblance to each other, as one object of both is to please.

Dryden.

2. Something similar; similitude; representation.

These sensible things which religion hath allowed, are resemblances formed according to things spiritual.

Fairest resemblance of thy Maker fairÃ‚--

Milton.

Resemble

RESEM'BLE, v. t. s as z. [French ressembler; Italian rassembrare; Spanish asemejar; Portugese assemelhar. See Similar.]

1. To have the likeness of; to bear the similitude of something, either in form, figure or qualities. One man may resemble another in features; he may resemble a third person in temper or deportment.

Each one resembled the children of a king. Judges 8.

2. To liken; to compare; to represent as like something else.

The torrid parts of Africa are resembled to a libbard's skin, the distance of whose spots represents the dispersed situation of the habitations.

Brerewood.

Resembled

RESEM'BLED, participle passive Likened; compared.

Resembling

RESEM'BLING, participle of the present tense Having the likeness of; likening; comparing.

Resend

RESEND', verb transitive pret. and pp. resent. [re and send.]

To send again; to send back. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Resent

RESENT', v. t. s as z. [French ressentir, to perceive again, to have a deep sense of; re and sentir, to perceive, Latin sentio; Italian risentire, to resent, to hear again, to resound; Spanish resentirse, to resent, also to begin to give way or to fail; resentimiento, resentment, a flaw or crack.]

1. To take well; to receive with satisfaction. Obs.

Bacon.

2. To take ill; to consider as an injury or affront; to be in some degree angry or provoked at.

Thou with scorn

And anger would'st resent the offer'd wrong.

Milton.

Resented

RESENT'ED, participle passive Taken ill; being in some measure angry at.

Resenter

RESENT'ER, noun One who resents; one that feels an injury deeply.

Wotton.

2. In the sense of one that takes a thing well. Obs.

Resentful

RESENT'FUL, adjective Easily provoked to anger; of an irritable temper.

Resenting

RESENT'ING, participle of the present tense Taking ill; feeling angry at.

Resentingly

RESENT'INGLY, adverb With a sense of wrong or affront; with a degree of anger.

2. With deep sense or strong perception. Obs.

More.

Resentive

RESENT'IVE, adjective Easily provoked or irritated; quick to feel an injury or affront.

Thomson.

Resentment

RESENT'MENT, noun [French ressentiment; Italian risentimento; Spanish resentimiento.]

1. The excitement of passion which proceeds from a sense of wrong offered to ourselves, or to those who are connected with us; anger. This word usually expresses less excitement than anger, though it is often synonymous with it. It expresses much less than wrath, exasperation, and indignation. In this use, resentment is not the sense or perception of injury, but the excitement which is the effect of it.

Can heavenly minds such high resentment show?

Dryden.

2. Strong perception of good. [Not in use.]

More.

Reservation

RESERVA'TION, n. s as z. [French from Latin reservo.]

1. The act of reserving or keeping back or in the mind; reserve; concealment or withholding from disclosure; as mental reservation.

2. Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given up or brought forward.

With reservation of a hundred knights.

Shak.

In the United States, a tract of land not sold with the rest, is called a reservation.

3. Custody; state of being treasured up or kept in store.

Shak.

4. In law, a clause or part of an instrument by which something is reserved, not conceded or granted; also, a proviso.

Mental reservation is the withholding of expression or disclosure of something that affects a proposition or statement, and which if disclosed, would materially vary its import.

Mental reservations are the refuge of hypocrites.

Encyc.

Reservative

RESERV'ATIVE, adjective Keeping; reserving.

Reservatory

RESERV'ATORY, noun [from reserve.] A place in which things are reserved or kept.

Woodward.

Reserve

RESERVE, v. t. rezerv'. [French reserver; Latin reservo; re and servo, to keep.]

1. To keep in store for future or other use; to withhold from present use for another purpose. The farmer sells his corn, reserving only what is necessary for his family.

Hast thou seen the treasures of hail, which I have reserved against the day of trouble? Job 38.

2. To keep; to hold; to retain.

Will he reserve his anger for ever? Jeremiah 3.

3. To lay up and keep for a future time. 2 Peter 2.

Reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.

Swift.

Reserve

RESERVE, n. rezerv'. That which is kept for other or future use; that which is retained from present use or disposal.

The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise a reserve in some other vessel for a continual supply.

Tillotson.

2. Something in the mind withheld from disclosure.

However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still with certain reserves and deviations.

Addison.

3. Exception; something withheld.

Is knowledge so despis'd?

Or envy, or what reserve forbids to taste?

Milton.

4. Exception in favor.

Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a reserve.

Rogers.

5. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior. Reserve may proceed from modesty, bashfulness, prudence, prudery or sullenness.

My soul surpris'd, and from her sex disjoin'd,

Left all reserve, and all the sex behind.

Prior.

6. In law, reservation.

In reserve, in store; in keeping for other or future use. He has large quantities of wheat in reserve. He has evidence or arguments in reserve.

Body of reserve, in military affairs, the third or last line of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to sustain the other lines as occasion may require; a body of troops kept for an exigency.

Reserved

RESERV'ED, participle passive Kept for another or future use; retained.

2. adjective Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward in conversation; not free or frank.

To all obliging, yet reserv'd to all.

Walsh.

Nothing reserv'd or sullen was to see.

Dryden.

Reservedly

RESERV'EDLY, adverb With reserve; with backwardness; not with openness or frankness.

Woodward.

2. Scrupulously; cautiously; coldly.

Pope.

Reservedness

RESERV'EDNESS, noun Closeness; want of frankness, openness or freedom. A man may guard himself by that silence and reservedness which every one may innocently practice.

South.

Reserver

RESERV'ER, noun One that reserves.

Reserving

RESERV'ING, participle of the present tense Keeping back; keeping for other use or for use at a future time; retaining.

Reservoir

RESERVOIR', noun [French] A place where any thing is kept in store, particularly a place where water is collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal or a city by means of aqueducts, or to drive a mill-wheel and the like; a cistern; a mill-pond; a bason.

Reset

RE'SET, noun In Scots law, the receiving and harboring of an outlaw or a criminal.

Encyc.

Resettle

RESET'TLE, verb transitive [re and settle.] To settle again.

Swift.

2. To install, as a minister of the gospel.

Resettle

RESET'TLE, verb intransitive To settle in the ministry a second time; to be installed.

Resettled

RESET'TLED, participle passive Settled again; installed.

Resettlement

RESET'TLEMENT, noun The act of settling or composing again.

The resettlement of my discomposed soul.

Norris.

2. The state of settling or subsiding again; as the resettlement of lees.

Mortimer.

3. A second settlement in the ministry.

Resettling

RESET'TLING, participle of the present tense Settling again; installing.

Reship

RESHIP', verb transitive [re and ship.] To ship again; to ship what has been conveyed by water or imported; as coffee and sugar imported into New York, and reshipped for Hamburg.

Reshipment

RESHIP'MENT, noun The act of shipping or loading on board of a ship a second time; the shipping for exportation what has been imported.

2. That which is reshipped.

Reshipped

RESHIP'PED, participle passive Shipped again.

Reshipping

RESHIP'PING, participle of the present tense Shipping again.

Resiance

RE'SIANCE, noun [See Resiant.] Residence; abode. Obs.

Bacon.

Resiant

RE'SIANT, adjective [Norm. resiant, resseant, from the Latin resideo. See Reside.]

Resident; dwelling; present in a place. Obs.

Knolles.

Reside

RESI'DE, v. i. s as z. [French resider; Latin resideo, resido; re and sedeo, to sit, to settle.]

1. To dwell permanently or for a length of time; to have a settled abode for a time. The peculiar uses of this word are to be noticed. When the word is applied to the natives of a state, or others who dwell in it as permanent citizens, we use it only with reference to the part of a city or country in which a man dwells. We do not say generally, that Englishmen reside in England, but a particular citizen resides in London or York, or at such a house in such a street, in the Strand, &c.

When the word is applied to strangers or travelers, we do not say, a man resides in an inn for a night, but he resided in London or Oxford a month or a year; or he may reside in a foreign country a great part of his life. A man lodges, stays, remains, abides, for a day or very short time, but reside implies a longer time, though not definite.

2. To sink to the bottom of liquors; to settle. Obs.

Boyle.

[In this sense, subside is now used.]

Residence

RES'IDENCE, noun [French] The act of abiding or dwelling in a place for some continuance of time; as the residence of an American in France or Italy for a year.

The confessor had often made considerable residences in Normandy.

Hale.

2. The place of abode; a dwelling; a habitation.

Caprea had beenÃ‚--the residence of Tiberius for several years.

3. That which falls to the bottom of liquors. Obs.

Bacon.

4. In the canon and common law, the abode of a parson or incumbent on his benefice; opposed to non-residence.

Blackstone.

Resident

RES'IDENT, adjective [Latin residens; French resident.]

Dwelling or having an abode in a place for a continuance of time, but not definite; as a minister resident at the court of St. James. A B is now resident in South America.

Resident

RES'IDENT, noun One who resides or dwells in a place for some time. A B is now a resident in London.

2. A public minister who resides at a foreign court. It is usually applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of embassadors.

Encyc.

Residentiary

RESIDEN'TIARY, adjective Having residence.

More.

Residentiary

RESIDEN'TIARY, noun An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.

Eccles. Canons.

Resider

RESI'DER, noun One who resides in a particular place.

Swift.

Residing

RESI'DING, participle of the present tense Dwelling in a place for some continuance of time.

Residual

RESID'UAL, adjective Remaining after a part is taken.

Davy.

Residuary

RESID'UARY, adjective [Latin residuus. See Reside.]

Pertaining to the residue or part remaining; as the residuary advantage of an estate.

Ayliffe.

Residuary legatee, in law, the legatee to whom is bequeathed the part of goods and estate which remains after deducting all the debts and specific legacies.

Blackstone.

Residue

RES'IDUE, noun [French residu; Latin residuus.]

1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed or designated.

The locusts shall eat the residue of that which has escaped. Exodus 10.

The residue of them will I deliver to the sword. Jeremiah 15.

2. The balance or remainder of a debt or account.

Residuum

RESID'UUM, noun [Latin] Residue; that which is left after any process of separation or purification.

Chimistry. Metallurgy.

2. In law, the part of an estate or of goods and chattels remaining after the payment of debts and legacies.

Blackstone.

Resiege

RESIE'GE, verb transitive [re and siege.] To seat again; to reinstate. Obs.

Spenser.

Resign

RESIGN, v. t. rezi'ne. [French resigner; Latin resigno; re and signo, to sign. The radical sense of sign is to send, to drive, hence to set. To resign is to send back or send away.]

1. To give up; to give back, as an office or commission, to the person or authority that conferred it; hence, to surrender an office or charge in a formal manner; as, a military officer resigns his commission; a prince resigns his crown.

Phoebus resigns his darts, and Jove

His thunder, to the god of love.

Denham.

2. To withdraw, as a claim. He resigns all pretensions to skill.

3. To yield; as, to resign the judgment to the direction of others.

Locke.

4. To yield or give up in confidence.

What more reasonable, than that we should in all things resign ourselves to the will of God?

Tillotson.

5. To submit, particularly to Providence.

A firm, yet cautious mind;

Sincere, though prudent; constant, yet resign'd.

Pope.

6. To submit without resistance or murmur.

Shak.

Resign

RE'SIGN, verb transitive To sign again.

Resign

RESIGN, noun Resignation. Obs.

Resignation

RESIGNA'TION, noun [French] The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim or possession; as the resignation of a crown or commission.

2. Submission; unresisting acquiescence; as a blind resignation to the authority of other men's opinions.

Locke.

3. Quiet submission to the will of Providence; submission without discontent, and with entire acquiescence in the divine dispensations. This is christian resignation.

Resigned

RESIGNED, participle passive Given up; surrendered; yielded.

2. adjective Submissive to the will of God.

Resignedly

RESIGNEDLY, adverb With submission.

Resigner

RESIGNER, noun One that resigns.

Resigning

RESIGNING, participle of the present tense Giving up; surrendering; submitting.

Resignment

RESIGNMENT, noun The act of resigning. Obs.

Resilah

RES'ILAH, noun An ancient patriarchal coin.

Resilience

RESIL'IENCE, or RESIL'IENCY, n. s as z. [Latin resiliens, resilio; re and salio, to spring.]

The act of leaping or springing back, or the act of rebounding; as the resilience of a ball or of sound.

Bacon.

Resilient

RESIL'IENT, adjective [Latin resiliens.] Leaping or starting back; rebounding.

Resilition

RESILI'TION, noun [Latin resilio.] The act of springing back; resilience.

Resin

RES'IN, n. s as z. [French resine; Latin Italian Spanish resina; Irish roisin; Greek, probably from, to flow.]

An inflammable substance, hard when cool, but viscid when heated, exsuding in a fluid state from certain kinds of trees, as pine, either spontaneously or by incision. Resins are soluble in oils and alcohol, and are said to be nothing but oils concreted by combination with oxygen. Resins differ from gums, which are vegetable mucilage; and they are less sweet and odorous than balsams.

Encyc. Nicholson. Fourcroy.

Resiniferous

RESINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin resina and fero, to produce.]

Yielding resin; as a resiniferous tree or vessels.

Gregory.

Resiniform

RES'INIFORM, adjective Having the form of resin.

Cyc.

Resino-Electric

RESINO-ELEC'TRIC, adjective Containing or exhibiting negative electricity, or that kind which is produced by the friction of resinous substances.

Ure.

Resino-Extractive

RES'INO-EXTRAC'TIVE, adjective Designating extractive matter in which resin predominates.

Resinous

RES'INOUS, adjective Partaking of the qualities of resin; like resin. Resinous substances are combustible.

Resinous electricity, is that electricity which is excited by rubbing bodies of the resinous kind. This is generally negative.

Resinously

RES'INOUSLY, adverb By means of resin; as resinously electrified.

Gregory.

Resinousness

RES'INOUSNESS, noun The quality of being resinous.

Resipiscence

RESIPIS'CENCE, noun [French from Latin resipisco, from resipio; re and sapio, to taste.]

Properly, wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance. [Little used.]

Resist

RESIST, v. t. rezist'. [Latin resisto; re and sisto, to stand; French resister; Spanish resistir; Italian resistere.]

1. Literally, to stand against; to withstand; hence, to act in opposition, or to oppose. A dam or mound resists a current of water passively, by standing unmoved and interrupting its progress. An army resists the progress of an enemy actively, by encountering and defeating it. We resist measures by argument or remonstrance.

Why doth he yet find fault? for who hath resisted his will? Romans 9.

2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat or frustrate.

Ye do always resist the Holy Spirit. Acts 7.

3. To baffle; to disappoint.

God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble. James 4.

Resist

RESIST', verb intransitive To make opposition.

Shak.

Resistance

RESIST'ANCE, noun The act of resisting; opposition. Resistance is passive, as that of a fixed body which interrupts the passage of a moving body; or active, as in the exertion of force to stop, repel or defeat progress or designs.

2. The quality of not yielding to force or external impression; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as the resistance of a ball which receives the force of another; the resistance of wood to a cutting instrument; the resistance of air to the motion of a cannon ball, or of water to the motion of a ship.

Resistant

RESIST'ANT, noun He or that which resists.

Pearson.

Resisted

RESIST'ED, participle passive Opposed; counteracted; withstood.

Resister

RESIST'ER, noun One that opposes or withstands.

Resistibility

RESISTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of resisting.

The name body, being the complex idea of extension and resistibility together in the same subjectÃ‚--

Locke.

2. Quality of being resistible; as the resistibility of grace.

Hammond.

Resistible

RESIST'IBLE, adjective That may be resisted; as a resistible force; resistible grace.

Hale.

Resisting

RESIST'ING, participle of the present tense Withstanding; opposing.

Resisting medium, a substance which opposes the passage of a body through it.

Resistive

RESIST'IVE, adjective Having the power to resist.

B. Jonson.

Resistless

RESIST'LESS, adjective That cannot be effectually opposed or withstood; irresistible.

Resistless in her love as in her hate.

Dryden.

2. That cannot resist; helpless.

Spenser.

Resistlessly

RESIST'LESSLY, adverb So as not to be opposed or denied.

Blackwall.

Resold

RESOLD, participle passive of resell. Sold a second time, or sold after being bought.

Resoluble

RES'OLUBLE, adjective s as z. [re and Latin solubilis. See Resolve.]

That may be melted or dissolved; as bodies resoluble by fire.

Boyle.

Resolute

RES'OLUTE, adjective [French resolu; Italian resoluto. The Latin resolutus has a different signification. See Resolve.]

Having a fixed purpose; determined; hence, bold; firm; steady; constant in pursuing a purpose.

Edward is at hand,

Ready to fight; therefore be resolute.

Shak.

Resolutely

RES'OLUTELY, adverb With fixed purpose; firmly; steadily; with steady perseverance. Persist resolutely in a course of virtue.

2. Boldly; firmly.

Some of these facts he examines, some he resolutely denies.

Swift.

Resoluteness

RES'OLUTENESS, noun Fixed purpose; firm determination; unshaken firmness.

Resolution

RESOLU'TION, noun [French from Latin resolutio. See Resolve.]

1. The act, operation or process of separating the parts which compose a complex idea or a mixed body; the act of reducing any compound or combination to its component parts; analysis; as the resolution of complex ideas; the resolution of any material substance by chimical operations.

2. The act or process of unraveling or disentangling perplexities, or of dissipating obscurity in moral subjects; as the resolution of difficult questions in moral science.

3. Dissolution; the natural process of separating the component parts of bodies.

Digby.

4. In music, the resolution of a dissonance, is the carrying of it, according to rule, into a consonance in the subsequent chord.

Encyc.

5. In medicine, the disappearing of any tumor without coming to suppuration; the dispersing of inflammation.

Encyc. Coxe.

6. Fixed purpose or determination of mind; as a resolution to reform our lives; a resolution to undertake an expedition.

Locke.

7. The effect of fixed purpose; firmness, steadiness or constancy in execution, implying courage.

They who governed the parliament, had the resolution to act those monstrous things.

Clarendon.

8. Determination of a cause in a court of justice; as a judicial resolution.

Hale.

[But this word is now seldom used to express the decision of a judicial tribunal. We use judgment, decision or decree.]

9. The determination or decision of a legislative body, or a formal proposition offered for legislative determination. We call that a resolution, which is reduced to form and offered to a legislative house for consideration, and we call it a resolution when adopted. We say, a member moved certain resolutions; the house proceeded to consider the resolutions offered; they adopted or rejected the resolutions.

10. The formal determination of any corporate body, or of any association of individuals; as the resolutions of a town or other meeting.

11. In algebra, the resolution of an equation, is the same as reduction; the bringing of the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other, without destroying the equation, by which is found the value of the unknown quantity.

Day's Algebra.

12. Relaxation; a weakening. Obs.

Brown.

Resolutioner

RESOLU'TIONER, noun One who joins in the declaration of others. [Not in use.]

Burnet.

Resolutive

RES'OLUTIVE, adjective Having the power to dissolve or relax. [Not much used.]

Johnson.

Resolvable

RESOLV'ABLE, adjective That may be resolved or reduced to first principles.

Resolve

RESOLVE, verb transitive rezolv'. [Latin resolvo; re and solvo, to loose; French resoudre; Italian risolvere; Spanish resolver.]

1. To separate the component parts of a compound substance; to reduce to first principles; as, to resolve a body into its component or constituent parts; to resolve a body into its elements.

2. To separate the parts of a complex idea; to reduce to simple parts; to analyze.

3. To separate the parts of a complicated question; to unravel; to disentangle of perplexities; to remove obscurity by analysis; to clear of difficulties; to explain; as, to resolve questions in moral science; to resolve doubts; to resolve a riddle.

4. To inform; to free from doubt or perplexity; as, to resolve the conscience.

Resolve me, strangers, whence and what you are?

Dryden.

5. To settle in an opinion; to make certain. Long since we were resolv'd of your truth, Your faithful service and your toil in war.

Shak.

6. To confirm; to fix in constancy. Quit presently the chapel, or resolve you For more amazement. [Unusual.]

Shak.

7. To melt; to dissolve.

Arbuthnot.

8. To form or constitute by resolution, vote or determination; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole.

9. In music, to resolve a discord or dissonance, is to carry it, according to rule, into a consonance in the subsequent chord.

Rousseau. Encyc.

10. In medicine, to disperse or scatter; to discuss; as inflammation or a tumor.

11. To relax; to lay at ease.

Spenser.

12. In algebra, to resolve an equation, is to bring all the known quantities to one side of the equation, and the unknown quantity to the other.

Resolve

RESOLVE, verb intransitive rezolv'. To fix in opinion or purpose; to determine in mind. He resolved to abandon his vicious course of life.

2. To determine by vote. The legislature resolved to receive no petitions after a certain day.

3. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.

When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then resolves and turns alkaline.

Arbuthnot.

4. To separate into its component parts, or into distinct principles; as, water resolves into vapor; a substance resolves into gas.

5. To be settled in opinion.

Let men resolve of that as they please. [Unusual.]

Locke.

Resolve

RESOLVE, noun rezolv'. Fixed purpose of mind; settled determination; resolution.

He strait revokes his bold resolve.

Denham.

2. Legal or official determination; legislative act concerning a private person or corporation, or concerning some private business. Public acts of a legislature respect the state, and to give them validity, the bills for such acts must pass through all the legislative forms. Resolves are usually private acts, and are often passed with less formality. Resolves may also be the acts of a single branch of the legislature; whereas public acts must be passed by a majority of both branches.

Am. Legislatures.

3. The determination of any corporation or association; resolution.

Resolved

RESOLV'ED, participle passive Separated into its component parts; analyzed.

2. Determined in purpose; as, I am resolved not to keep company with gamesters. This phrase is properly, "I have resolved;" as we say, a person is deceased, for has deceased; he is retired, for has retired. In these phrases, the participle is rather an adjective.

3. Determined officially or by vote.

Resolvedly

RESOLV'EDLY, adverb With firmness of purpose.

Grew.

Resolvedness

RESOLV'EDNESS, noun Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution.

Decay of Piety.

Resolvent

RESOLV'ENT, noun That which has the power of causing solution. In medicine, that which has power to disperse inflammation and prevent the suppuration of tumors; a discutient.

Coxe. Encyc.

Resolver

RESOLV'ER, noun One that resolves or forms a firm purpose.

Resolving

RESOLV'ING, participle of the present tense Separating into component parts; analyzing; removing perplexities or obscurity; discussing, as tumors; determining.

Resolving

RESOLV'ING, noun The act of determining or forming a fixed purpose; a resolution.

Clarendon.

Resonance

RES'ONANCE, n. s as z. [Latin resonans.] A resounding; a sound returned from the sides of a hollow instrument of music; reverberated sound or sounds.

Encyc.

2. A sound returned.

Resonant

RES'ONANT, adjective [Latin resonans; re and sono, to sound.] Resounding; returning sound; echoing back.

Milton.

Resorb

RESORB', verb transitive [Latin resorbeo; re and sorbeo, to drink in.] To swallow up.

Young.

Resorbent

RESORB'ENT, adjective Swallowing up.

Woodhull.

Resort

RESORT', v. i. s as z. [French ressortir; re and sortir, to go or come out.]

1. To have recourse; to apply; to betake.

The king thought it time to resort to other counsels.

Clarendon.

2. To go; to repair.

The people resort to him again. Mark 10. John 18.

3. To fall back.

The inheritance of the son never resorted to the mother. Obs.

Hale.

Resort

RESORT', noun The act of going to or making application; a betaking one's self; as a resort to other means of defense; a resort to subterfuges for evasion.

2. Act of visiting.

Join with me to forbid him her resort.

Shak.

3. Assembly; meeting.

Dryden.

4. Concourse; frequent assembling; as a place of resort.

Swift.

5. The place frequented; as, alehouses are the resorts of the idle and dissolute.

6. Spring; active power or movement; a Gallicism. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also, final tribunal; that from which there is no appeal.

Resorter

RESORT'ER, noun One that resorts or frequents.

Resorting

RESORT'ING, participle of the present tense Going; having recourse; betaking; frequenting.

Resound

RESOUND', v. t. s as z. [Latin resono; re and sono, to sound; French resonner; Italian risuonare; Spanish resonar.] To send back sound; to echo.

And Albion's cliffs resound the rural lay.

Pope.

2. To sound; to praise or celebrate with the voice or the sound of instruments.

Milton.

3. To praise; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of.

The man for wisdom's various arts renown'd,

Long exercis'd in woes, O muse, resound.

Pope.

Resound

RESOUND', verb intransitive To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound; as, common fame resounds back to them.

South.

2. To be much and loudly mentioned.

Milton.

Resound

RE'SOUND, verb transitive [re and sound; with the accent on the first syllable.] To sound again.

Jones.

Resound

RESOUND', n. s as z. Return of sound; echo.

Beaum.

Resounded

RESOUND'ED, participle passive Echoed; returned, as sound; celebrated.

Resounding

RESOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Echoing; returning, as sound.

Resource

RESOURCE, noun [French ressource; re and source.]

1. Any source of aid or support; an expedient to which a person may resort for assistance, safety or supply; means yet untried; resort. An enterprising man finds resources in his own mind.

Pallas view'd

His foes pursuing and his friends pursu'd,

Used threat'nings mix'd with prayers, his last resource.

Dryden.

2. Resources, in the plural, pecuniary means; funds; money or any property that can be converted into supplies; means of raising money or supplies. Our national resources for carrying on war are abundant. Commerce and manufactures furnish ample resources.

Resourceless

RESOURCELESS, adjective Destitute of resources. [A word not to be countenanced.]

Burke.

Resow

RESOW, verb transitive pret. resowed; pp. resowed or resown. [re and sow.] To sow again.

Bacon.

Resowed

RESOWED, or RESOWN, participle passive Sown anew.

Respeak

RESPE'AK, verb transitive pret. respoke; pp. respoken, respoke. [re and speak.]

1. To answer; to speak in return; to reply. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To speak again; to repeat.

Respect

RESPECT', verb transitive [Latin respecto, or respectus, from respicio; re and specio, to view; French respecter; Italian rispettare; Spanish respetar.]

1. To regard; to have regard to in design or purpose.

In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect beauty, as variety of ground for fruits, trees and herbs.

Bacon.

2. To have regard to, in relation or connection; to relate to. The treaty particularly respects our commerce.

3. To view or consider with some degree of reverence; to esteem as possessed of real worth.

I always loved and respected Sir William.

Swift.

4. To look towards.

Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so respect the south. [Not in use.]

Brown.

To respect the person, to suffer the opinion or judgment to be influenced or biased by a regard to the outward circumstances of a person, to the prejudice of right and equity.

Thou shalt not respect the person of the poor. Leviticus 19.

Neither doth God respect any person. 2 Samuel 14.

Respect

RESPECT, noun [Latin respectus; French respect.]

1. Regard; attention.

Shak.

2. That estimation or honor in which men hold the distinguished worth or substantial good qualities of others. It expresses less than reverence and veneration, which regard elders and superiors; whereas respect may regard juniors and inferiors.

Respect regards the qualities of the mind, or the actions which characterize those qualities.

Seen without awe, and serv'd without respect.

Prior.

3. That deportment or course of action which proceeds from esteem; regard; due attention; as, to treat a person with respect.

These same men treat the sabbath with little respect.

Nelson.

4. Good will; favor.

The Lord had respect to Abel and his offering. Genesis 4.

5. Partial regard; undue bias to the prejudice of justice; as the phrase, respect of persons. 1 Peter 1. James 2. Proverbs 24.

6. Respected character; as persons of the best respect in Rome.

Shak.

7. Consideration; motive in reference to something.

Whatever secret respects were likely to move themÃ‚--

Hooker.

8. Relation; regard; reference; followed by of, but more properly by to.

They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with respect to the benefits men received from him, had several titles.

Tillotson.

Respectability

RESPECTABIL'ITY, noun State or quality of being respectable; the state or qualities which deserve or command respect.

Cumberland. Kett.

Respectable

RESPECT'ABLE, adjective [French; Italian rispettabile; Spanish respetable.]

1. Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve or command respect; worthy of esteem and honor; as a respectable citizen; respectable company.

No government, any more than an individual, will long be respected, without being truly respectable.

Federalist, Madison.

2. In popular language, this word is much used to express what is moderate in degree of excellence or in number, but not despicable. We say, a respectable discourse or performance, a respectable audience, a respectable number of citizens convened.

Respectableness

RESPECT'ABLENESS, noun Respectability.

Respectably

RESPECT'ABLY, adverb With respect; more generally, in a manner to merit respect.

2. Moderately, but in a manner not to be despised.

Respected

RESPECT'ED, participle passive Held in honorable estimation.

Respecter

RESPECT'ER, noun One that respects; chiefly used in the phrase, respecter of persons, which signifies a person who regards the external circumstances of others in his judgment, and suffers his opinion to be biased by them, to the prejudice of candor, justice and equity.

I perceive that God is no respecter of persons. Acts 10.

Respectful

RESPECT'FUL, adjective Marked or characterized by respect; as respectful deportment.

With humble joy and with respectful fear.

Prior.

Respectfully

RESPECT'FULLY, adverb With respect; in a manner comporting with due estimation.

Dryden.

Respectfulness

RESPECT'FULNESS, noun The quality of being respectful.

Respecting

RESPECT'ING, participle of the present tense Regarding; having regard to; relating to. This word, like concerning, has reference to a single word or to a sentence. In the sentence, "his conduct respecting us is commendable," respecting has reference to conduct. But when we say, "respecting a further appropriation of money, it is to be observed, that the resources of the country are inadequate," respecting has reference to the whole subsequent clause or sentence.

Respective

RESPECT'IVE, adjective [French respectif; Italian rispettivo.]

1. Relative; having relation to something else; not absolute; as the respective connections of society.

2. Particular; relating to a particular person or thing. Let each man retire to his respective place of abode. The officers were found in their respective quarters; they appeared at the head of their respective regiments. Let each give according to his respective proportion.

3. Worthy of respect. [Not in use.]

Shak.

4. Careful; circumspect; cautious; attentive to consequences; as respective and wary men. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Respectively

RESPECT'IVELY, adverb As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each. Let each man respectively perform his duty.

The impressions from the objects of the senses do mingle respectively every one with its kind.

Bacon.

2. Relatively; not absolutely.

Raleigh.

3. Partially; with respect to private views. Obs.

4. With respect. Obs.

Shak.

Respectless

RESPECT'LESS, adjective Having no respect; without regard; without reference. [Little used.]

Drayton.

Respectlessness

RESPECT'LESSNESS, noun The state of having no respect or regard; regardlessness. [Little used.]

Shelton.

Resperse

RESPERSE, v. t. respers'. [Latin respersus, respergo; re and spargo, to sprinkle.] To sprinkle. [Rarely used.]

Taylor.

Respersion

RESPER'SION, noun [Latin respersio.] The act of sprinkling.

Johnson.

Respirable

RES'PIRABLE, adjective [from respire.] That may be breathed; fit for respiration or for the support of animal life; as respirable air. Azotic gas is not respirable.

Respiration

RESPIRA'TION, noun [French from Latin respiratio.]

1. The act of breathing; the act of inhaling air into the lungs and again exhaling or expelling it, by which animal life is supported. The respiration of fishes, [for these cannot live long without air,] appears to be performed by the air contained in the water acting on the gills.

2. Relief from toil.

Milton.

Respiratory

RES'PIRATORY, adjective Serving for respiration; as respiratory organs.

Asiat. Res.

Respire

RESPI'RE, verb intransitive [French respirer; Latin respiro; re and spiro, to breathe.]

1. To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it, for the purpose of maintaining animal life.

2. To catch breath.

Spenser.

3. To rest; to take rest from toil.

Milton.

Respire

RESPI'RE, verb transitive To exhale; to breathe out; to send out in exhalations.

B. Jonson.

Respired

RESPI'RED, participle passive Breathed; inhaled and exhaled.

Respiring

RESPI'RING, participle of the present tense Breathing; taking breath.

Respit

RES'PIT, noun [French repit.] Pause; temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; interval of rest.

Some pause and respit only I require.

Denham.

2. In law, reprieve; temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender.

Milton. Prior.

3. Delay; forbearance; prolongation of time for the payment of a debt beyond the legal time.

4. The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury, beyond the proper term.

Blackstone.

Respit

RES'PIT, verb transitive To relieve by a pause or interval of rest.

To respit his day-labor with repast.

Milton.

2. To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond the time limited by the sentence; to delay for a time.

Clarendon.

3. To give delay of appearance at court; as, to respit a jury.

Blackstone.

Respited

RES'PITED, participle passive Relieved from labor; allowed a temporary suspension of execution.

Respiting

RES'PITING, participle of the present tense Relieving from labor; suspending the execution of a capital offender.

Resplendence

RESPLEN'DENCE, or RESPLEN'DENCY, noun [Latin resplendens, resplendeo; re and splendeo, to shine.]

Brilliant luster; vivid brightness; splendor.

Son! thou in whom my glory I behold

In full resplendence, heir of all my might.

Milton.

Resplendent

RESPLEN'DENT, adjective [supra.] Very bright; shining with brilliant luster.

With royal arras and resplendent gold.

Spenser.

Resplendently

RESPLEN'DENTLY, adverb With brilliant luster; with great brightness.

Resplit

RESPLIT', verb transitive [re and split.] To split again.

Respond

RESPOND', verb intransitive [French repondre; Italian rispondere; Spanish responder; Latin respondeo; re and spondeo, to promise, that is, to send to. Hence respondeo is to send back.]

1. To answer; to reply.

A new affliction strings a new chord in the heart, which responds to some new note of complaint within the wide scale of human woe.

Buckminster.

2. To correspond; to suit.

To every theme responds thy various lay.

Broome.

3. To be answerable; to be liable to make payment; as, the defendant is held to respond in damages.

Respond

RESPOND', verb transitive To answer; to satisfy by payment. The surety was held to respond the judgment of court. The goods attached shall be held to respond the judgment.

Sedgwick, Mass. Rep.

Respond

RESPOND', noun A short anthem interrupting the middle of a chapter, which is not to proceed till the anthem is ended.

Wheatly.

2. An answer. [Not in use.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Responded

RESPOND'ED, participle passive Answered; satisfied by payment.

Respondent

RESPOND'ENT, adjective Answering; that answers to demand or expectation.

Ã‚--Wealth respondent to payment and contributions.

Bacon.

Respondent

RESPOND'ENT, noun One that answers in a suit, particularly a chancery suit.

2. In the schools, one who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province is to refute objections or overthrow arguments.

Watts.

Responding

RESPOND'ING, participle of the present tense Answering; corresponding.

Responsal

RESPONS'AL, adjective Answerable; responsible. [Not in use.]

Heylin.

Responsal

RESPONS'AL, noun Response; answer.

Brevint.

2. One who is responsible. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Response

RESPONSE, n. respons'. [Latin responsum.]

1. An answer or reply; particularly, an oracular answer.

2. The answer of the people or congregation to the priest, in the litany and other parts of divine service.

Addison.

3. Reply to an objection in a formal disputation.

Watts.

4. In the Romish church, a kind of anthem sung after the morning lession.

5. In a fugue, a repetition of the given subject by another part.

Busby.

Responsibility

RESPONSIBIL'ITY, noun [from responsible.]

1. The state of being accountable or answerable, as for a trust or office, or for a debt.

Burke. Paley.

It is used in the plural; as heavy responsibilities.

Johnson's Rep.

2. Ability to answer in payment; means of paying contracts.

Responsible

RESPONS'IBLE, adjective [from Latin responsus, respondeo.]

1. Liable to account; accountable; answerable; as for a trust reposed, or for a debt. We are all responsible for the talents entrusted to us by our Creator. A guardian is responsible for the faithful discharge of his duty to his ward. The surety is responsible for the debt of his principal.

2. Able to discharge an obligation; or having estate adequate to the payment of a debt. In taking bail, the officer will ascertain whether the proposed surety is a responsible man.

Responsibleness

RESPONS'IBLENESS, noun State of being liable to answer, repay or account; responsibility.

2. Ability to make payment of an obligation or demand.

Responsion

RESPON'SION, noun [Latin responsio.] The act of answering. [Not used.]

Responsive

RESPONS'IVE, adjective Answering; making reply.

2. Correspondent; suited to something else. The vocal lay responsive to the strings.

Pope.

Responsory

RESPONS'ORY, adjective Containing answer.

Responsory

RESPONS'ORY, noun A response; the answer of the people to the priest in the alternate speaking, in church service.

Rest

REST, noun [Saxon rest, roest, quiet or a lying down; Danish German Swedish rast; Dutch rust. The German has also ruhe, Swedish ro, Danish roe, rest, repose. In Welsh araws, and arosi, signify to stay, stop, wait. This Teutonic word cannot be the Latin resto, if the latter is a compound of re and sto; but is an original word of the Class Rd, Rs. See the Verb.]

1. Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applicable to any body or being; as rest from labor; rest from mental exertion;

rest of body or mind. A body is at rest, when it ceases to move; the mind is at rest, when it ceases to be disturbed or agitated; the sea is never at rest. Hence,

2. Quiet; repose; a state free from motion or disturbance; a state of reconciliation to God.

Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall find rest to your souls. Matthew 11.

3. Sleep; as, retire to rest.

4. Peace; national quiet.

The land had rest eighty years. Judges 3. Deuteronomy 12.

5. The final sleep, death.

Dryden.

6. A place of quiet; permanent habitation.

Ye are not as yet come to the rest, and to the inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you. Deuteronomy 12.

7. Any place of repose.

In dust, our final rest, and native home.

Milton.

8. That on which any thing leans or lies for support. 1 Kings 6.

Their vizors clos'd, their lances in the rest.

Dryden.

9. In poetry, a short pause of the voice in reading; a cesura.

10. In philosophy, the continuance of a body in the same place.

11. Final hope.

Sea fights have been final to the war; but this is, when princes set up their rest upon the battle. Obs.

Bacon.

12. Cessation from tillage. Leviticus 25.

13. The gospel church or new covenant state in which the people of God enjoy repose, and Christ shall be glorified. Isaiah 11.

14. In music, a pause; an interval during which the voice is intermitted; also, the mark of such intermission.

Rest

REST, noun [French reste, from rester, to remain, Latin resto.]

1. That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder.

Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort of having done our duty, and for the rest, it offers us the best security that heaven can give.

Tillotson.

2. Others; those not included in a proposition or description. [In this sense, rest is a noun, but with a singular termination expressing plurality.]

Plato and the rest of the philosophersÃ‚--

Stillingfleet.

Arm'd like the rest, the Trojan prince appears.

Dryden.

The election hath obtained it and the rest were blinded. Romans 11.

Rest

REST, verb intransitive [Saxon restan, hrestan, to pause, to cease, to be quiet; Dutch rusten; German rasten; Swedish rasta. See Class Rd. No. 81. 82.]

1. To cease from action or motion of any kind; to stop; a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of motion.

2. To cease from labor, work or performance.

God rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Genesis 2.

So the people rested on the seventh day. Exodus 16.

3. To be quiet or still; to be undisturbed.

There rest, if any rest can harbor there.

Milton.

4. To cease from war; to be at peace.

And the land rested from war. Joshua 11.

5. To be quiet or tranquil, as the mind; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other passion.

6. To lie; to repose; as, to rest on a bed.

7. To sleep; to slumber.

Fancy then retires

Into her private cell, when nature rests.

Milton.

8. To sleep the final sleep; to die or be dead.

Glad I'd lay me down,

As in my mother's lap; there I should rest,

And sleep secure.

Milton.

9. To lean; to recline for support; as, to rest the arm on a table. The truth of religion rests on divine testimony.

10. To stand on; to be supported by; as, a column rests on its pedestal.

11. To be satisfied; to acquiesce; as, to rest on heaven's determination.

Addison.

12. To lean; to trust; to rely; as, to rest on a man's promise.

13. To continue fixed. Isaiah 51.

14. To terminate; to come to an end. Ezekiel 16.

15. To hang, lie or be fixed.

Over a tent a cloud shall rest by day.

Milton.

16. To abide; to remain with.

They said, the spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. 2 Kings 2. Ecclesiastes 7.

17. To be calm or composed in mind; to enjoy peace of conscience.

Rest

REST, verb intransitive [French rester.] To be left; to remain. Obs.

Milton.

Rest

REST, verb transitive To lay at rest; to quiet.

Your piety has paid

All needful rites, to rest my wandering shade.

Dryden.

2. To place, as on a support. We rest our cause on the truth of the Scripture.

Her weary head upon your bosom rest.

Waller.

Restagnant

RESTAG'NANT, adjective [Latin restagnans.] Stagnant; remaining without a flow or current. [Not much used.]

Boyle.

Restagnate

RESTAG'NATE, verb intransitive [Latin restagno; re and stagno, to stagnate.]

To stand or remain without flowing.

Wiseman.

[This word is superseded by stagnate.]

Restagnation

RESTAGNA'TION, noun Stagnation, which see.

Restant

REST'ANT, adjective [Latin restans, resto.] In botany, remaining, as footstalks after the fructification has fallen off.

Lee.

Restauration

RESTAURA'TION, noun [Latin restauro.] Restoration to a former good state.

[The present orthography is restoration, which see.]

Rested

REST'ED, participle passive Laid on for support.

Restem

RESTEM', verb transitive [re and stem.] To force back against the current.

Shak.

Restful

REST'FUL, adjective [from rest.] Quiet; being at rest.

Shak.

Restfully

REST'FULLY, adverb In a state of rest or quiet.

Herbert.

Rest-Harrow

REST-HARROW, noun A plant of the genus Ononis.

Restif

REST'IF, adjective [French retif; Italian restivo, restio; from Latin resto.]

1. Unwilling to go, or only running back; obstinate in refusing to move forward; stubborn; as a restif steed. It seems originally to have been used of horses that would not be driven forward. It is sometimes written restive.

All who before him did ascend the throne,

Labor'd to draw three restive nations on.

Roscommon.

2. Unyielding; as restif stubbornness.

L'Estrange.

3. Being at rest, or less in action. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Restif

REST'IF, noun A stubborn horse.

Restifness

REST'IFNESS, noun Obstinate reluctance or indisposition to move.

2. Obstinate unwillingness.

Bacon.

Restinction

RESTINC'TION, noun [Latin restinctio, restinguo; re and extinguo.] The act of quenching or extinguishing.

Resting

REST'ING, participle of the present tense Ceasing to move or act; ceasing to be moved or agitated; lying; leaning; standing; depending or relying.

Resting-Place

REST'ING-PLACE, noun A place for rest.

Restinguish

RESTIN'GUISH, verb transitive [Latin restinguo; re and extinguo.] To quench or extinguish.

Field.

Restitute

RES'TITUTE, verb transitive [Latin restituo; re and statuo, to set.]

To restore to a former state. [Not used.]

Dyer.

Restitution

RESTITU'TION, noun [Latin restitutio.] The act of returning or restoring to a person some thing or right of which he has been unjustly deprived; as the restitution of ancient rights to the crown.

Spenser.

Restitution is made by restoring a specific thing taken away or lost.

2. The act of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage or injury; indemnification.

He restitution to the value makes.

Sandys.

3. The act of recovering a former state or posture. [Unusual.]

Grew.

Restitution of all things, the putting the world in a holy and happy state. Acts 3.

Restitutor

RES'TITUTOR, noun One who makes restitution. [Little used.]

Restive

RESTIVE, or RESTIVENESS. [See Restif.]

Restless

REST'LESS, adjective [from rest; Saxon restleas.]

1. Unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as a restless child.

2. Being without sleep; uneasy.

Restless he pass'd the remnant of the night.

Dryden.

3. Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless night.

4. Uneasy; unquiet; not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; as a restless prince; restless ambition; restless passions.

5. Uneasy; turbulent; as restless subjects.

6. Unsettled; disposed to wander or to change place or condition.

Ã‚--Restless at home, and ever prone to range.

Dryden.

Restlessly

REST'LESSLY, adverb Without rest; unquietly.

When the mind casts and turns itself restlessly from one thing to another.

South.

Restlessness

REST'LESSNESS, noun Uneasiness; unquietness; a state of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind.

2. Want of sleep or rest; uneasiness.

Harvey.

3. Motion; agitation; as the restlessness of the magnetic needle.

Boyle.

Restorable

RESTO'RABLE, adjective [from restore.] That may be restored to a former good condition; as restorable land.

Swift.

Restoral

RESTO'RAL, noun Restitution. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Restoration

RESTORA'TION, noun [French restauration; Latin restauro.]

1. The act of replacing in a former state.

Behold the different climes agree,

Rejoicing in thy restoration.

Dryden.

So we speak of the restoration of a man to his office, or to a good standing in society.

2. Renewal; revival; re-establishment; as the restoration of friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace after war; the restoration of a declining commerce.

3. Recovery; renewal of health and soundness; as restoration from sickness or from insanity.

4. Recovery from a lapse or any bad state; as the restoration of man from apostasy.

5. In thelogy, universal restoration, the final recovery of all men from sin and alienation from God, to a state of happiness; universal salvation.

6. In England, the return of king Charles II. in 1660, and the re-establishment of monarchy.

Restorative

RESTO'RATIVE, adjective That has power to renew strength and vigor.

Encyc.

Restorative

RESTO'RATIVE, noun A medicine efficacious in restoring strength and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers.

Arbuthnot.

Restore

RESTO'RE, verb transitive [French restaurer; Italian restaurare; Spanish Portugese restaurar; Latin restauro. This is a compound of re and the root of store, story, history. The primary sense is to set, to lay or to throw, as in Greek, solid.]

1. To return to a person, as a specific thing which he has lost, or which has been taken from him and unjustly detained. We restore lost or stolen goods to the owner.

Now therefore restore to the man his wife. Genesis 20.

2. To replace; to return; as a person or thing to a former place.

Pharaoh shall restore thee to thy place. Genesis 40.

3. To bring back.

The father banish'd virtue shall restore.

Dryden.

4. To bring back or recover from lapse, degeneracy, declension or ruin to its former state.

Ã‚--Loss of Eden, till one greater man

Restore it, and regain the blissful seat.

Milton.

Ã‚--Our fortune restored after the severest afflications.

Prior.

5. To heal; to cure; to recover from disease.

His hand was restored whole like as the other. Matthew 12.

6. To make restitution or satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning something else, or something of different value.

He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. Exodus 22.

7. To give for satisfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. Psalm 69.

8. To repair; to rebuild; as, to restore and to build Jerusalem. Danish ix.

9. To revive; to resuscitate; to bring back to life.

Whose son he had restored to life. 2 Kings 8.

10. To return or bring back after absence. Hebrews 13.

11. To bring to a sense of sin and amendment of life. Galatians 6.

12. To renew or re-establish after interruption; as, peace is restored. Friendship between the parties is restored.

13. To recover or renew, as passages of an author obscured or corrupted; as, to restore the true reading.

Re-Store

RE'-STORE, verb transitive [re and store.] To store again. The goods taken out were restored.

Restored

RESTO'RED, participle passive Returned; brought back; retrieved; recovered; cured; renewed; re-established.

Restorement

RESTO'REMENT, noun The act of restoring; restoration. [Not used.]

Brown.

Restorer

RESTO'RER, noun One that restores; one that returns what is lost or unjustly detained; one who repairs or re-establishes.

Restoring

RESTO'RING, participle of the present tense Returning what is lost or taken; bringing back; recovering; curing; renewing; repairing; re-establishing.

Restrain

RESTRA'IN, verb transitive [French restraindre; Italian ristrignere, restringere; Spanish restriÃƒ-±ir, restringer; Latin restringo; re and stringo, to strain. The letter g appears from the participle to be casual; stringo, for strigo. Hence strictus, strict, stricture. If the two letters st are removed, the word rigo coincides exactly, in primary sense, with Latin rego, rectus, right, and the root of reach, stretch, straight.]

1. To hold back; to check; to hold from action, proceeding or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle. Thus we restrain a horse by a bridle; we restrain cattle from wandering by fences; we restrain water by dams and dikes; we restrain men from crimes and trespasses by laws; we restrain young people, when we can, by arguments or counsel; we restrain men and their passions; we restrain the elements; we attempt to restrain vice, but not always with success.

2. To repress; to keep in awe; as, to restrain offenders.

3. To suppress; to hinder or repress; as, to restrain excess.

4. To abridge; to hinder from unlimited enjoyment; as, to restrain one of his pleasure or of his liberty.

Clarendon. Shak.

5. To limit; to confine.

Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral universality is also to be restrained by a part of the predicate.

Watts.

6. To withhold; to forbear.

Thou restrainest prayer before God. Job 15.

Restrainable

RESTRA'INABLE, adjective Capable of being restrained.

Brown.

Restrained

RESTRA'INED, participle passive Held back from advancing or wandering; withheld; repressed; suppressed; abridged; confined.

Restrainedly

RESTRA'INEDLY, adverb With restraint; with limitation.

Hammond.

Restrainer

RESTRA'INER, noun He or that which restrains.

Brown.

Restraining

RESTRA'INING, participle of the present tense Holding back from proceeding; checking; repressing; hindering from motion or action; suppressing.

2. adjective Abridging; limiting; as a restraining statute.

Restraint

RESTRA'INT, noun [from French restreint.]

1. The act or operation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any manner; hinderance of the will, or of any action, physical, moral or mental.

2. Abridgment of liberty; as the restraint of a man by imprisonment or by duress.

3. Prohibition. The commands of God should be effectual restraints upon our evil passions.

4. Limitation; restriction.

If all were granted, yet it must be maintained, within any bold restraints, far otherwise than it is received.

Brown.

5. That which restrains, hinders or represses. The laws are restraints upon injustice.

Restrict

RESTRICT', verb transitive [Latin restrictus, from restringo. See Restrain.]

To limit; to confine; to restrain within bounds; as, to restrict words to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a certain diet.

Restricted

RESTRICT'ED, participle passive Limited; confined to bounds.

Restricting

RESTRICT'ING, participle of the present tense Confining to limits.

Restriction

RESTRIC'TION, noun [French from Latin restrictus.]

1. Limitation; confinement within bounds.

This is to have the same restriction as all other recreations.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Restriction of words, is the limitation of their signification in a particular manner or degree.

2. Restraint; as restrictions on trade.

Restrictive

RESTRICT'IVE, adjective [French restrictif.] Having the quality of limiting or of expressing limitation; as a restrictive particle.

2. Imposing restraint; as restrictive laws of trade.

3. Styptic. [Not used.]

Wiseman.

Restrictively

RESTRICT'IVELY, adverb With limitation.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Restringe

RESTRINGE, v. t. restrinj'. [Latin restringo, supra.] To confine; to contract; to astringe.

Restringency

RESTRIN'GENCY, noun The quality or power of contracting.

Petty.

Restringent

RESTRIN'GENT, adjective Astringent; styptic.

Restringent

RESTRIN'GENT, noun A medicine that operates as an astringent or styptic.

Harvey.

Restrive

RESTRI'VE, verb intransitive [re and strive.] To strive anew.

Sackville.

Resty

REST'Y, adjective The same as restive or restif, of which it is a contraction.

Resubjection

RESUBJEC'TION, noun [re and subjection.] A second subjection.

Bp. Hall.

Resublimation

RESUBLIMA'TION, noun A second sublimation.

Resublime

RESUBLI'ME, verb transitive [re and sublime.] To sublime again; as, to resublime mercurial sublimate.

Newton.

Resublimed

RESUBLI'MED, participle passive Sublimed a second time.

Resubliming

RESUBLI'MING, participle of the present tense Subliming again.

Resudation

RESUDA'TION, noun [Latin resudatus, resudo' re and sudo, to sweat.] The act of sweating again.

Result

RESULT', v. i. s as z. [French resulter; Latin resulto, resilio; re and salio, to leap.] To leap back; to rebound.

The huge round stone, resulting with a boundÃ‚--

Pope.

2. To proceed, spring or rise, as a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation or meditation. Evidence results from testimony, or from a variety of concurring circumstances; pleasure results from friendship; harmony results from certain accordances of sounds.

Pleasure and peace naturally result from a holy and good life.

Tillotson.

3. To come to a conclusion or determination. The council resulted in recommending harmony and peace to the parties.

Result

RESULT', noun Resilience; act of flying back.

Sound is produced between the string and the air, by the return of the result of the string.

Bacon.

2. Consequence; conclusion; inference; effect; that which proceeds naturally or logically from facts, premises or the state of things; as the result of reasoning; the result of reflection; the result of a consultation or council; the result of a legislative debate.

3. Consequence or effect.

The misery of sinners will be the natural result of their vile affections and criminal indulgences.

J. Lathrop.

4. The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly; as the result of an ecclesiastical council.

New England.

Resultance

RESULT'ANCE, noun The act of resulting.

Resultant

RESULT'ANT, noun In mechanics, a force which is the combined effect of two or more forces, acting in different directions.

Resulting

RESULT'ING, participle of the present tense Proceeding as a consequence, effect or conclusion of something; coming to a determination.

2. In law, resulting use, is a use which returns to him who raised it, after its expiration or during the impossibility of vesting in the person intended.

Resumable

RESU'MABLE, a. s as z. [from resume.]

That may be taken back, or that may be taken up again.

Resume

RESU'ME, v. t. s as z. [Latin resumo; re and sumo, to take.]

1. To take back what has been given.

The sun, like this from which our sight we have,

Gaz'd on too long, resumes the light he gave.

Denham.

2. To take back what has been taken away.

They resume what has been obtained fraudulently.

Davenant.

3. To take again after absence; as, to resume a seat.

Reason resum'd her place, and passion fled.

Dryden.

4. To take up again after interruption; to begin again; as, to resume an argument or discourse. [This is now its most frequent use.]

Resumed

RESU'MED, participle passive Taken back; taken again; begun again after interruption.

Resuming

RESU'MING, participle of the present tense Taking back; taking again; beginning again after interruption.

Resummon

RESUM'MON, verb transitive To summon or call again.

2. To recall; to recover.

Bacon.

Resummoned

RESUM'MONED, participle passive Summoned again; recovered.

Resummoning

RESUM'MONING, participle of the present tense Recalling; recovering.

Resumption

RESUMP'TION, noun [French from Latin resumptus.]

The act of resuming, taking back or taking again; as the resumption of a grant.

Resumptive

RESUMP'TIVE, adjective Taking back or again.

Resupinate

RESU'PINATE, adjective [Latin resupinatus, resupino; re and supino, supinus, lying on the back.]

In botany, reversed; turned upside down. A resupinate corol is when the upper lip faces the ground, and the lower lip the sky. A resupinate leaf is when the upper surface becomes the lower, and the contrary; or when the lower disk looks upward.

Martyn. Lee.

Resupination

RESUPINA'TION, noun [supra.] The state of lying on the back; the state of being resupinate or reversed, as a corol.

Resupine

RESU'PINE, adjective Lying on the back.

Resurrection

RESURREC'TION, n. s as z. [French from Latin resurrectus, resurgo; re and surgo, to rise.]

A rising again; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race, or their return from the grave, particularly at the general judgment. By the resurrection of Christ we have assurance of the future resurrection of men. 1 Peter 1.

In the resurrection, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage. Matthew 22.

Resurvey

RESURVEY, verb transitive [re and survey.] To survey again or anew; to review.

Shak.

Resurvey

RESUR'VEY, noun A second survey.

Resurveyed

RESURVEYED, participle passive Surveyed again.

Resurveying

RESURVEYING, participle of the present tense Surveying anew; reviewing.

Resuscitate

RESUS'CITATE, verb transitive [Latin resuscito; re and suscito, to raise.]

1. To revivify; to revive; particularly, to recover from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate withered plants.

2. To reproduce, as a mixed body from its ashes.

Chimistry.

Resuscitated

RESUS'CITATED, participle passive Revived; revivified; reproduced.

Resuscitating

RESUS'CITATING, participle of the present tense Reviving; revivifying; reproducing.

Resuscitation

RESUSCITA'TION, noun The act of reviving from a state of apparent death; the state of being revivified.

Pope.

2. The reproducing of a mixed body from its ashes.

Chimistry.

Resuscitative

RESUS'CITATIVE, adjective Reviving; revivifying; raising from apparent death; reproducing.

Retail

RETA'IL, or RE'TAIL, verb transitive [French retailler; re and tailler, to cut; Italian ritagliare.]

1. To sell in small quantities or parcels, from the sense of cutting or dividing; opposed to selling by wholesale; as, to retail cloth or groceries.

2. To sell at second hand.

Pope.

3. To tell in broken parts; to tell to many; as, to retail slander or idle reports.

Retail

RE'TAIL, noun The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels, or at second hand.

Addison.

Retailed

RETA'ILED, participle passive Sold in small quantities.

Retailer

RETA'ILER, or RE'TAILER, noun [This word, like the noun retail, is often, perhaps generally accented on the first syllable in America.]

One who sells goods by small quantities or parcels.

Retailing

RETA'ILING, participle of the present tense Selling in small quantities.

Retain

RETA'IN, verb transitive [French retenir; Italian ritenere; Spanish retener; Latin retineo; re and teneo, to hold.]

1. To hold or keep in possession; not to lose or part with or dismiss. The memory retains ideas which facts or arguments have suggested to the mind.

They did not like to retain God in their knowledge. Romans 1.

2. To keep, as an associate; to keep from departure.

Whom I would have retained with me. Phil. 13.

3. To keep back; to hold.

An executor may retain a debt due to him from the testator.

Blackstone.

4. To hold from escape. Some substances retain heat much longer than others. Metals readily receive and transmit heat, but do not long retain it. Seek cloths that retain their color.

5. To keep in pay; to hire.

A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of their order to write in its defense.

Addison.

6. To engage; to employ by a fee paid; as, to retain a counselor.

Retain

RETA'IN, verb intransitive To belong to; to depend on; as coldness mixed with a somewhat languid relish retaining to bitterness.

Boyle.

[Not in use. We now use pertain.]

2. To keep; to continue. [Not in use.]

Retained

RETA'INED, participle passive Held; kept in possession; kept as an associate; kept in pay; kept from escape.

Retainer

RETA'INER, noun One who retains; as an executor, who retains a debt due from the testator.

Blackstone.

2. One who is kept in service; an attendant; as the retainers of the ancient princes and nobility.

3. An adherent; a dependant; a hanger on.

Shak.

4. A servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery.

Encyc. Cowel.

5. Among lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause.

6. The act of keeping dependants, or being in dependence.

Bacon.

Retaining

RETA'INING, participle of the present tense Keeping in possession; keeping as an associate; keeping from escape; hiring; engaging by a fee.

Retake

RETA'KE, verb transitive pret. retook; pp. retaken. [re and take.] To take again.

Clarendon.

2. To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship or prisoners.

Retaker

RETA'KER, noun One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor.

Kent.

Retaking

RETA'KING, participle of the present tense Taking again; taking from a captor.

Retaking

RETA'KING, noun A taking again; recapture.

Retaliate

RETAL'IATE, verb transitive [Low Latin retalio; re and talio, from talis, like.]

To return like for like; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind as has been received. It is now seldom used except in a bad sense, that is, to return evil for evil; as, to retaliate injuries. In war, enemies often retaliate the death or inhuman treatment of prisoners, the burning of towns or the plunder of goods.

It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the injuries of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we are in danger of appearing the first aggressors.

Swift.

Retaliate

RETAL'IATE, verb intransitive To return like for like; as, to retaliate upon an enemy.

Retaliated

RETAL'IATED, participle passive Returned, as like for like.

Retaliating

RETAL'IATING, participle of the present tense Returning, like for like.

Retaliation

RETALIA'TION, noun The return of like for like; the doing that to another which he has done to us; requital of evil.

South.

2. In a good sense, return of good for good.

God takes what is done to others as done to himself, and by promise obliges himself to full retaliation.

Calamy.

[This, according to modern usage, is harsh.]

Retaliatory

RETAL'IATORY, adjective Returning like for like; as retaliatory measures; retaliatory edicts.

Canning. Walsh.

Retard

RET'ARD, verb transitive [French retarder; Latin retardo; re and tardo, to delay; tardus, slow, late. See Target.]

1. To diminish the velocity of motion; to hinder; to render more slow in progress; as, to retard the march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship. The resistance of air retards the velocity of a cannon ball. It is opposed to accelerate.

2. To delay; to put off; to render more late; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to retard a rupture between nations. My visit was retarded by business.

Retard

RET'ARD, verb intransitive To stay back. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Retardation

RETARDA'TION, noun The act of abating the velocity of motion; hinderance; the act of delaying; as the retardation of the motion of a ship; the retardation of hoary hairs.

Bacon.

Retarded

RET'ARDED, participle passive Hindered in motion; delayed.

Retarder

RET'ARDER, noun One that retards, hinders or delays.

Retarding

RET'ARDING, participle of the present tense Abating the velocity of motion; hindering; delaying.

Retardment

RET'ARDMENT, noun The act of retarding or delaying.

Cowley.

Retch

RETCH, verb intransitive [Saxon hroecan; Danish rekker, to reach, to stretch, to retch, to vomit; the same word as reach; the present orthography, retch, being wholly arbitrary. See Reach.]

To make an effort to vomit; to heave; as the stomach; to strain, as in vomiting; properly to reach.

Retchless

RETCHLESS, careless, is not in use. [See Reckless.]

Dryden.

Retection

RETECTION, noun [Latin retectus, from retego, to uncover; re and tego, to cover.]

The act of disclosing or producing to view something concealed; as the retection of the native color of the body.

Boyle.

Retent

RETENT', noun That which is retained.

Kirwan.

Retention

RETEN'TION, noun [French from Latin retentio, retineo; re and teneo, to hold.] The act of retaining or keeping.

2. The power of retaining; the faculty of the mind by which it retains ideas.

Locke.

3. In medicine, the power of retaining, or that state of contraction in the solid or vascular parts of the body, by which they hold their proper contents and prevent involuntary evacuations; undue retention of some natural discharge.

Encyc. Coxe.

4. The act of withholding; restraint.

Shak.

5. Custody; confinement. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Retentive

RETEN'TIVE, adjective [French retentif.] Having the power to retain; as a retentive memory; the retentive faculty; the retentive force of the stomach; a body retentive of heat or moisture.

Retentiveness

RETEN'TIVENESS, noun The quality of retention; as retentiveness of memory.

Reticence

RET'ICENCE, or RET'ICENCY, noun [French reticence, from Latin reticentia, reticeo; re and taceo, to be silent.]

Concealment by silence. In rhetoric, aposiopesis or suppression; a figure by which a person really speaks of a thing, while he makes a show as if he would say nothing on the subject.

Encyc.

Reticle

RET'ICLE, noun [Latin reticulum, from rete, a net.] A small net.

2. A contrivance to measure the quantity of an eclipse; a kind of micrometer.

Ash.

Reticular

RETIC'ULAR, adjective [supra.] Having the form of a net or of net-work; formed with interstices; as a reticular body or membrane.

Encyc.

In anatomy, the reticular body, or rete mucosum, is the layer of the skin, intermediate between the cutis and the cuticle, the principal seat of color in man; the reticular membrane is the same as the cellular membrane.

Parr.

Reticulate

RETIC'ULATE, or RETIC'ULATED, adjective [Latin reticulatus, from rete, a net.] Netted; resembling net-work; having distinct veins crossing like net-work; as a reticulate corol or petal.

Martyn.

Reticulation

RETICULA'TION, noun Net-work; organization of substances resembling a net.

Darwin.

Retiform

RET'IFORM, adjective [Latin retiformis; rete, a net, and forma, form.]

Having the form of a net in texture; composed of crossing lines and interstices; as the retiform coat of the eye.

Ray.

Retina

RET'INA, noun [Latin from rete, a net.] In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye, being an expansion of the optic nerve over the bottom of the eye, where the sense of vision is first received.

Encyc.

Retinasphalt

RETINASPHALT', noun A bituminous or resinous substance of a yellowish or reddish brown color, found in irregular pieces very light and shining. [See Retinite.]

Retinite

RET'INITE, noun [Greek, resin.] Pitchstone; stone of fusible pitch, of a resinous appearance, compact, brown, reddish, gray, yellowish, blackish or bluish, rarely homogeneous, and often containing crystals of feldspar and scales of mica. It is the pechstein porphyry or obsidian of the Germans. It is called also retinasphalt.

Ure. Cyc.

Retinue

RET'INUE, noun [French retenue, from retenir, to retain, Latin retineo; re and teneo, to hold.]

The attendants of a prince or distinguished personage, chiefly on a journey or an excursion; a train of persons.

Dryden.

Retirade

RETIRA'DE, noun [French from retirer, to withdraw; Spanish retirada, a retreat.]

In fortification, a kind of retrenchment in the body of a bastion or other work, which is to be disputed inch by inch, after the defenses are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces, which make a re-entering angle.

Encyc.

Retire

RETI'RE, verb intransitive [French retirer; re and tirer, to draw; Italian ritirare; Spanish retirar.]

1. To withdraw; to retreat; to go from company or from a public place into privacy; as, to retire from the world; to retire from notice.

2. To retreat from action or danger; as, to retire from hattle.

3. To withdraw from a public station. Gen. Washington, in 1796, retired to private life.

4. To break up, as a company or assembly. The company retired at eleven o'clock.

5. To depart or withdraw for safety or for pleasure. Men retire from the town in summer for health and pleasure. But in South Carolina, the planters retire from their estates to Charleston, or to an isle near the town.

6. To recede; to fall back. The shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs.

Retire

RETI'RE, verb transitive To withdraw; to take away.

He retired himself, his wife and children into a forest.

Sidney.

As when the sun is present all the year,

And never doth retire his golden ray.

Davies.

[This transitive use of retire is now obsolere.]

Retire

RETI'RE, noun Retreat; recession; a withdrawing. Obs.

Shak. Bacon.

2. Retirement; place of privacy. Obs.

Milton.

Retired

RETI'RED, adjective Secluded from much society or from public notice; private. He lives a retired life; he has a retired situation.

2. Secret; private; as retired speculations.

3. Withdrawn.

Locke.

Retiredly

RETI'REDLY, adverb In solitude or privacy.

Sherwood.

Retiredness

RETI'REDNESS, noun A state of retirement; solitude; privacy or secrecy.

Atterbury.

Retirement

RETI'REMENT, noun The act of withdrawing from company or from public notice or station.

Milton.

2. The state of being withdrawn; as the retirement of the mind from the senses.

Locke.

3. Private abode; habitation secluded from much society or from public life.

Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus.

Addison.

Retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome.

Washington.

4. Private way of life.

Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books,

Progressive virtue and approving heaven.

Thomson.

Retiring

RETI'RING, participle of the present tense Withdrawing; retreating; going into seclusion or solitude.

2. adjective Reserved; not forward or obtrusive; as retiring modesty; retiring manners.

Retold

RETOLD, pret. and participle passive of retell; as a story retold.

Retort

RETORT', verb transitive [Latin retortus, retorqueo; re and torqueo, to throw.]

1. To throw back; to reverberate.

And they retort that heat again

To the first giver.

Shak.

2. To return an argument, accusation, censure or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity.

He pass'd through hostile scorn;

And with retorted scorn, his back he turn'd.

Milton.

3. To bend or curve back; as a retorted line.

Bacon.

Retort

RETORT', verb intransitive To return an argument or charge; to make a severe reply. He retorted upon his adversary with severity.

Retort

RETORT', noun The return of an argument, charge or incivility in reply; as the retort courteous.

Shak.

2. In chimistry, a spherical vessel with its neck bent, to which the receiver is fitted; used in distillation.

Encyc.

Retorted

RETORT'ED, participle passive Returned; thrown back; bent back.

Retorter

RETORT'ER, noun One that retorts.

Retorting

RETORT'ING, participle of the present tense Returning; throwing back.

Retortion

RETOR'TION, noun The act of retorting.

Spenser.

Retoss

RETOSS', verb transitive [re and toss.] To toss back.

Pope.

Retossed

RETOSS'ED, participle passive Tossed back.

Retossing

RETOSS'ING, participle of the present tense Tossing back.

Retouch

RETOUCH, v. t. retuch'. [re and touch.] To improve by new touches; as, to retouch a picture or an essay.

Dryden. Pope.

Retouched

RETOUCHED, pp. retuch'ed. Touched again; improved by new touches.

Retouching

RETOUCHING, ppr. retuch'ing. Improving by new touches.

Retrace

RETRA'CE, verb transitive [French retracer; re and tracer, to trace.]

1. To trace back; to go back in the same path or course; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's proceedings.

2. To trace back, as a line.

Then if the line of Turnus you retrace,

He springs from Inachus of Argive race.

Dryden.

Retraced

RETRA'CED, participle passive Traced back.

Retracing

RETRA'CING, participle of the present tense Tracing back.

Retract

RETRACT', verb transitive [French retracter; Norm. retraicter; Latin retractus, retraho; re and traho, to draw.]

1. To recall, as a declaration, words or saying; to disavow; to recant; as, to retract an accusation, charge or assertion.

I would as freely have retracted the charge of idolatry, as I ever made it.

Stillingfleet.

2. To take back; to rescind. [Little used.]

Woodward.

3. To draw back, as claws.

Retract

RETRACT', verb intransitive To take back; to unsay; to withdraw concession or declaration.

She will, and she will not; she grants, denies, Consents, retracts, advances, and then flies.

Granville.

Retract

RETRACT', noun Among horsemen, the prick of a horse's foot in nailing a shoe.

Retractable

RETRACT'ABLE, adjective That may be retracted or recalled.

Retractation

RETRACTA'TION, noun [French from Latin retractatio.]

The recalling of what has been said; recantation; change of opinion declared.

South.

Retracted

RETRACT'ED, participle passive Recalled; recanted; disavowed.

Retractible

RETRACT'IBLE, adjective That may be drawn back; retractile.

Journ. of Science.

Retractile

RETRACT'ILE, adjective Capable of being drawn back.

A walrus with fiery eyesÃ‚--retractile from external injuries.

Pennant.

Retracting

RETRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Recalling; disavowing; recanting.

Retraction

RETRAC'TION, noun [from retract.] The act of withdrawing something advanced, or changing something done.

Woodward.

2. Recantation; disavowal of the truth of what has been said; declaration of change of opinion.

Sidney.

3. Act of withdrawing a claim.

Other men's insatiable desire of revenge, hath beguiled church and state of the benefit of my retractions or concessions.

K. Charles.

Retractive

RETRACT'IVE, adjective Withdrawing; taking from.

Retractive

RETRACT'IVE, noun That which withdraws or takes from.

Retraict

RETRA'ICT, noun Retreat. Obs. [See Retreat.]

Bacon.

Retrait

RETRA'IT, noun [Italian ritratto, from ritrarre, to draw.] A cast of countenance; a picture. Obs.

Spenser.

Retraxit

RETRAX'IT, noun [Latin retraho, retraxi.] In law, the withdrawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which the plaintif loses his action.

Blackstone.

Retreat

RETRE'AT, noun [French retraite, from retraire; re and traire, to draw; Latin retractus, retraho; re and traho; Italian ritratta.]

1. The act of retiring; a withdrawing of one's self from any place.

But beauty's triumph is well tim'd retreat.

Pope.

2. Retirement; state of privacy or seclusion from noise, bustle or company.

Here in the calm still mirror of retreat.

Pope.

3. Place of retirement or privacy.

He built his son a house of pleasureÃ‚--and spared no cost to make it a delicious retreat.

L'Estrange.

4. Place of safety or security.

That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat

From sudden April show'rs, a shelter from the heat.

Dryden.

5. In military affairs, the retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position. A retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance it differs from a flight.

Encyc.

6. The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy; or the order and disposition of ships declining an engagement.

7. The beat of the drum at the firing of the evening gun, to warn soldiers to forbear firing and the sentinels to challenge.

Encyc.

Retreat

RETRE'AT, verb intransitive To retire from any position or place.

2. To withdraw to a private abode or to any secluded situation.

Milton.

3. To retire to a place of safety or security; as, to retreat into a den or into a fort.

4. To move back to a place before occupied; to retire.

The rapid currents drive,

Towards the retreating sea, their furious tide.

Milton.

5. To retire from an enemy or from any advanced position.

Retreated

RETRE'ATED, as a passive participle, though used by Milton, is not good English.

Retrench

RETRENCH', verb transitive [French retrancher; re and trancher, to cut; Italian trincea, a trench; trincerare, to intrench; trinciare, to carve; Welsh trycu, to cut.]

1. To cut off; to pare away.

And thy exuberant parts retrench.

Denham.

2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses.

Atterbury.

3. To confine; to limit. [Not proper.]

Addison.

Retrench

RETRENCH', verb intransitive To live at less expense. It is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed.

Retrenched

RETRENCH'ED, participle passive Cut off; curtailed; diminished.

Retrenching

RETRENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting off; curtailing.

Retrenchment

RETRENCH'MENT, noun [French retranchement; Spanish atrincheramiento.]

1. The act of lopping off; the act of removing what is superfluous; as the retrenchment of words or lines in a writing.

Dryden. Addison.

2. The act of curtailing, lessening or abridging; diminution; as the retrenchment of expenses.

3. In military affairs, any work raised to cover a post and fortify it against an enemy; such as fascines, gabions, sand-bags and the like.

Encyc.

Numerous remains of Roman retrenchments, constructed to cover the countryÃ‚--

D'Anville, Trans.

Retribute

RETRIB'UTE, verb transitive [French retribuer; Latin retribuo; re and tribuo, to give or bestow.]

To pay back; to make payment, compensation or reward in return; as, to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute to a criminal what is proportionate to his offense.

Locke.

Retributed

RETRIB'UTED, participle passive Paid back; given in return; rewarded.

Retributer

RETRIB'UTER, noun One that makes retribution.

Retributing

RETRIB'UTING, participle of the present tense Requiting; making repayment; rewarding

Retribution

RETRIBU'TION, noun [French] Repayment; return accommodated to the action; reward; compensation.

In good offices and due retributions, we may not be pinching and niggardly.

Hall.

2. A gratuity or present given for services in the place of a salary.

Encyc.

3. The distribution of rewards and punishments at the general judgment.

It is a strong argument for a state of retribution hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, and vicious persons prosperous.

Spectator.

Retributive

RETRIB'UTIVE, or RETRIB'UTORY, adjective Repaying; rewarding for good deeds, and punishing for offenses; as retributive justice.

Retrievable

RETRIE'VABLE, adjective [from retrieve.] That may be retrieved or recovered.

Gray.

Retrieve

RETRIE'VE, verb transitive [French retrouver, to find again; Italian ritrovare. See Trover.]

1. To recover; to restore from loss or injury to a former good state; as, to retrieve the credit of a nation; to retrieve one's character; to retrieve a decayed fortune.

2. To repair.

Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall.

Prior.

3. To regain.

With late repentance now they would retrieve

The bodies they forsook, and wish to live.

Dryden.

4. To recall; to bring back; as, to retrieve men from their cold trivial conceits.

Berkeley.

Retrieve

RETRIE'VE, noun A seeking again; a discovery. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Retrieved

RETRIE'VED, participle passive Recovered; repaired; regained; recalled.

Retrieving

RETRIE'VING, participle of the present tense Recovering; repairing; recalling.

Retroaction

RETROAC'TION, noun [Latin retro, backward, and action.]

1. Action returned, or action backwards.

2. Operation on something past or preceding.

Retroactive

RETROAC'TIVE, adjective [French retroactif; Latin retro, backward, and active.]

Operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective.

Beddoes.

A retroactive law or statute, is one which operates to affect, make criminal or punishable, acts done prior to the passing of the law.

Retroactively

RETROAC'TIVELY, adverb By returned action or operation; by operating on something past.

Wheaton.

Retrocede

RETROCE'DE, verb transitive [Latin retro, back, and cedo, to give; French retroceder.]

To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor.

Retroceded

RETROCE'DED, participle passive Granted back.

Retroceding

RETROCE'DING, participle of the present tense Ceding back.

Retrocession

RETROCES'SION, noun A ceding or granting back to a former proprietor.

Am. State Papers.

2. The act of going back.

More.

Retroduction

RETRODUC'TION, noun [Latin retroduco; retro, back, and duco, to lead.] A leading or bringing back.

Retroflex

RET'ROFLEX, adjective [Latin retro, back, and flexus, bent.]

In botany, bent this way and that, or in different directions, usually in a distorted manner; as a retroflex branch.

Martyn.

Retrofract

RET'ROFRACT, or RETROFRACT'ED, adjective [Latin retro, back, and fractus, broken.]

Reduced to hang down as it were by force so as to appear as if broken; as a retrofract peduncle.

Martyn.

Bent back towards its insertion, as if it were broken.

Lee.

Retrogradation

RETROGRADA'TION, noun [French See Retrograde.]

1. The act of moving backwards; applied to the apparent motion of the planets.

Ray.

2. A moving backwards; decline in excellence.

N. Chipman.

Retrograde

RET'ROGRADE, adjective [French from Latin retrogradior; retro, backwards, and gradior, to go.]

1. Going or moving backwards.

Bacon.

2. In astronomy, apparently moving backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as a planet.

Harris.

3. Declining from a better to a worse state.

Retrograde

RET'ROGRADE, verb intransitive [French retrograder; Latin retrogradior; retro and gradior, to go.] To go or move backward.

Bacon.

Retrogression

RETROGRES'SION, noun The act of going backward.

Brown.

Retrogressive

RETROGRESS'IVE, adjective Going or moving backward; declining from a more perfect to a less perfect state.

Geography is at times retrogressive.

Pinkerton.

Retromingency

RETROMIN'GENCY, noun [Latin retro, backward, and mingo, to discharge urine.]

The act of quality of discharging the contents of the bladder backwards.

Brown.

Retromingent

RETROMIN'GENT, adjective Discharging the urine backwards.

Retromingent

RETROMIN'GENT, noun In zoology, an animal that discharges its urine backwards.

The retromingents are a division of animals whose characteristic is that they discharge their urine backwards, both male and female.

Encyc.

Retropulsive

RETROPUL'SIVE, adjective [Latin retro, back, and pulsus, pello, to drive.] Driving back; repelling.

Med. Repos.

Retrorsely

RETRORSELY, adv. retrors'ly. [Latin retrorsum, backward.] In a backward direction; as a stem retrorsely aculeate.

Eaton.

Retrospect

RET'ROSPECT, noun [Latin retro, back, and specio, to look.]

A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of something past. The retrospect of a life well spent affords peace of mind in old age.

Retrospection

RETROSPEC'TION, noun The act of looking back on things past.

2. The faculty of looking back on past things.

Swift.

Retrospective

RETROSPECT'IVE, adjective Looking back on past events; as a retrospective view.

2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past. A penal statute can have no retrospective effect or operation.

Retrospectively

RETROSPECT'IVELY, adverb By way of retrospect.

Retroversion

RETROVER'SION, noun A turning or falling backwards; as the retroversion of the uterus.

Retrovert

RET'ROVERT, verb transitive To turn back.

Retroverted

RET'ROVERTED, adjective [Latin retro, back, and verto, to turn.] Turned back.

Lawrence, Lect. Med. Repos.

Retrude

RETRU'DE, verb transitive [Latin retrudo; re and trudo, to thrust.] To thrust back.

More.

Retund

RETUND', verb transitive [Latin retundo; re and tundo, to beat.]

To blunt; to turn; as an edge; to dull; as, to retund the edge of a weapon.

Ray.

Return

RETURN, verb intransitive [French retourner; re and tourner, to turn, Latin torno; Italian ritornare; Spanish retornar.]

1. To come or go back to the same place. The gentleman goes from the country to London and returns, or the citizen of London rides into the country and returns. The blood propelled from the heart, passes through the arteries to the extremities of the body, and returns through the veins. Some servants are good to go on errands, but not good to return.

2. To come to the same state; as, to return from bondage to a state of freedom.

Locke.

3. To answer.

He said, and thus the queen of heaven return'd.

Pope.

4. To come again; to revisit.

Thou to mankind

Be good and friendly still, and oft return.

Milton.

5. To appear or begin again after a periodical revolution.

With the year

Seasons return, but not to me returns

DayÃ‚--

Milton.

6. To show fresh signs of mercy.

Return, O Lord, deliver my soul. Psalm 6.

To return to God, to return from wickedness, to repent of sin or wandering from duty.

Scripture.

Return

RETURN', verb transitive To bring, carry or send back; as, to return a borrowed book; to return a hired horse.

2. To repay; as, to return borrowed money.

3. To give in recompense or requital.

In any wise, return him a trespass-offering. 1 Samuel 6.

The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thy own head. 1 Kings 2.

4. To give back in reply; as, to return an answer.

5. To tell, relate or communicate.

And Moses returned the words of the people to the Lord. Exodus 19.

6. To retort; to recriminate.

If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me, that I affect to be thought more impartial than I am.

Dryden.

7. To render an account, usually an official account to a superior. Officers of the army and navy return to the commander the number of men in companies, regiments, &c.; they return the number of men sick or capable of duty; they return the quantity of ammunition, provisions, &c.

8. To render back to a tribunal or to an office; as, to return a writ or an execution.

9. To report officially; as, an officer returns his proceedings on the back of a writ or precept.

10. To send; to transmit; to convey.

Instead of a ship, he should levy money and return the same to the treasurer for his majesty's use.

Clarendon.

Return

RETURN', noun The act of coming or going back to the same place.

Takes little journeys and makes quick returns.

Dryden.

2. The act of sending back; as the return of a borrowed book or of money lent.

3. The act of putting in the former place.

4. Retrogression; the act of moving back.

5. The act or process of coming back to a former state; as the return of health.

6. Revolution; a periodical coming to the same point; as the return of the sun to the tropic of Cancer.

7. Periodical renewal; as the return of the seasons or of the year.

8. Repayment; reimbursement in kind or in something equivalent, for money expended or advanced, or for labor. One occupation gives quick returns; in others, the returns are slow. The returns of the cargo were in gold. The farmer has returns in his crops.

9. Profit; advantage.

From these few hours we spend in prayer, the return is great.

Taylor.

10. Remittance; payment from a distant place.

Shak.

11. Repayment; retribution; requital.

Is no return due from a grateful breast?

Dryden.

12. Act of restoring or giving back; restitution.

South.

13. Either of the adjoining sides of the front of a house or ground-plot, is called a return side.

Moxon.

14. In law, the rendering back or delivery of a writ, precept or execution, to the proper officer or court; or the certificate of the officer executing it, indorsed. We call the transmission of the writ to the proper officer or court, a return; and we give the same name to the certificate or official account of the officer's service or proceedings. The sherif or his subordinate officers make return of all writs and precepts. We use the same language for the sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners.

15. A day in bank. The day on which the defendant is ordered to appear in court, and the sherif is to bring in the writ and report his proceedings, is called the return of the writ.

Blackstone.

16. In military and naval affairs, an official account, report or statement rendered to the commander; as the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, ammunition, &c.

Returnable

RETURN'ABLE, adjective That may be returned or restored.

2. In law, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given or rendered; as a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court; an attachment returnable to the king's bench.

Return-Day

RETURN'-DAY, noun The day when the defendant is to appear in court and the sherif is to return the writ and his proceedings.

Returned

RETURN'ED, participle passive Restored; given or sent back; repaid; brought or rendered to the proper court or officer.

Returner

RETURN'ER, noun One who returns; one that repays or remits money.

Returning

RETURN'ING, participle of the present tense Giving, carrying or sending back; coming or going back; making report.

Returning-Officer

RETURN'ING-OFFICER, noun The officer whose duty it is to make returns of writs, precepts, juries, &c.

Returnless

RETURN'LESS, adjective Admitting no return. [Little used.]

Chapman.

Retuse

RETU'SE, adjective [Latin retusus, retundo.] In botany, a retuse leaf is one ending in a blunt sinus, or whose apex is blunt. This term is applied also to the seed.

Martyn. Lee.

Reunion

RE:UN'ION, noun A second union; union formed anew after separation or discord; as a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects.

2. In medicine, union of parts separated by wounds or accidents.

Parr.

Reunite

RE:UNI'TE, verb transitive [re and unite.] To unite again; to join after separation.

Shak.

2. To reconcile after variance.

Reunite

RE:UNI'TE, verb intransitive To be united again; to join and cohere again.

Reunited

RE:UNI'TED, participle passive United or joined again; reconciled.

Reuniting

RE:UNI'TING, participle of the present tense Uniting again; reconciling.

Reussite

REUS'SITE, noun [from Reuss, the place where it is found.]

A salt found in the form of a mealy efflorescence, or crystalized in flat six sided prisms, and in acicular crystals.

Cyc.

Reve

REVE, noun [Saxon gerefa.] The bailif of a franchise or manor. It is usually written reeve.

Reveal

REVE'AL, verb transitive [French reveler; Latin revelo; re and velo, to veil.]

1. To disclose; to discover; to show; to make known something before unknown or concealed; as, to reveal secrets.

2. To disclose, discover or make known from heaven. God has been pleased to reveal his will to man.

The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men. Romans 1.

Reveal

REVE'AL, noun A revealing; disclosure. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Revealed

REVE'ALED, participle passive Disclosed; discovered; made known; laid open.

Revealer

REVE'ALER, noun One that discloses or makes known.

2. One that brings to view.

Dryden.

Revealing

REVE'ALING, participle of the present tense Disclosing; discovering; making known.

Revealment

REVE'ALMENT, noun The act of revealing. [Little used.]

South.

Reveille

REVEILLE, or REVEILLE', or REV'ELLY, noun [French reveiller, to awake; re and veiller, to watch; contracted from Latin vigilo. See Watch.]

In military affairs, the beat of drum about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise and for the sentinels to forbear challenging.

Encyc.

[This word might well be anglicised rev'elly.]

Revel

REV'EL, verb intransitive [Dutch revelen, to rave; from the root of Latin rabo, rabio, to rage, whence rabies, rabid; Danish raaben, to bawl, to clamor; Swedish ropa; allied to rove, rapio; Irish rioboid, a spendthrift; rioboidim, to riot or revel.]

1. To feast with loose and clamorous merriment; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian.

Antony, that revels long o'nights.

Shak.

2. To move playfully or without regularity.

Revel

REV'EL, noun A feast with loose and noisy jollity.

Shak.

Some men ruin the fabric of their bodies by incessant revels.

Rambler.

Revel

REVEL', verb transitive [Latin revello; re and vello, to pull.]

To draw back; to retract; to make a revulsion.

Harvey. Friend.

Revelation

REVELA'TION, noun [French from Latin revelatus, revelo. See Reveal.]

1. The act of disclosing or discovering to others what was before unknown to them; appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the prophets and apostles.

How that by revelation he made known to me the mystery, as I wrote before in few words. Ephesians 3:2 Corinthians 12.

2. That which is revealed; appropriately, the sacred truths which God has communicated to man for his instruction and direction. The revelations of God are contained in the Old and New Testament.

3. The Apocalypse; the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John.

Reveler

REV'ELER, noun [See Revel.] One who feasts with noisy merriment.

Pope.

Reveling

REV'ELING, participle of the present tense Feasting with noisy merriment; carousing.

Reveling

REV'ELING, noun A feasting with noisy merriment; revelry. Galatians 5:1 Peter 4.

Revel-Rout

REV'EL-ROUT, noun [See Rout.] Tumultuous festivity.

Rowe.

2. A mob; a rabble tumultuously assembled; an unlawful assembly.

Ainsworth.

Revelry

REV'ELRY, noun Noisy festivity; clamorous jollity.

Milton.

Revendicate

REVEN'DICATE, verb transitive [French revendiquer; re and vendiquer, to claim or challenge, Latin vindico. See Vindicate.]

To reclaim what has been taken away; to claim to have restored what has been seized.

Should some subsequent fortunate revolution deliver it from the conqueror's yoke, it can revendicate them.

Vattel, Trans.

Revendicated

REVEN'DICATED, participle passive Reclaimed; regained; recovered.

Revendicating

REVEN'DICATING, participle of the present tense Reclaiming; redemanding; recovering.

Revendication

REVENDICA'TION, noun [French] The act of reclaiming or demanding the restoration of any thing taken by an enemy; as by right of postliminium.

The endless disputes which would spring from the revendication of them, have introduced a contrary practice.

Vattel, Trans.

Revenge

REVENGE, v. t. revenj'. [French revancher, venger; Spanish vengar; Portugese vingar; Latin vindex, vindico; Italian vendicare. See Vindicate.]

1. To inflict pain or injury in return for an injury received.

[Note. This word and avenge were formerly used as synonymous, and it is so used in the common version of the Scripture, and applied to the Supreme Being. ``O LordÃ‚--revenge me of my persecutors.' Jeremiah 15. In consequence of a distinction between avenge and revenge, which modern usage has introduced, the application of this word to the Supreme Being appears extremely harsh, irreverent and offensive. Revenge is now used in an ill sense, for the infliction of pain maliciously or illegally; avenge for inflicting just punishment.]

2. According to modern usage, to inflict pain deliberately and maliciously, contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in return for injury, pain or evil received; to wreak vengeance spitefully on one who injures or offends. We say, to revenge an injury or insult, or with the reciprocal pronoun, to revenge ourselves on an enemy or for an injury, that is, to take vengeance or satisfaction.

3. To vindicate by punishment of an enemy.

The gods are just and will revenge our cause.

Dryden.

[According to modern usage, avenge should here be substituted for revenge.]

Revenge

REVENGE, n. revenj'. [French revanche; Armoric revanch.]

1. Return of an injury; the deliberate infliction of pain or injury on a person in return for an injury received from him.

Milton. Dryden.

2. According to modern usage, a malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, contrary to the laws of justice and christianity, in return for an injury or offense. Revenge is dictated by passion; vengeance by justice.

3. The passion which is excited by an injury done or an affront given; the desire of inflicting pain on one who has done an injury; as, to glut revenge.

Revenge, as the word is now understood, is always contrary to the precepts of Christ.

The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel.

Kames.

Revenged

REVENG'ED, participle passive Punished in return for an injury; spitefully punished. The injury is revenged.

Revengeful

REVENGEFUL, a. revenj'ful. Full of revenge or a desire to inflict pain or evil for injury received; spiteful; malicious; wreaking revenge.

If thy revengeful heart cannot forgive.

Shak.

2. Vindictive; inflicting punishment.

May my hands

Never brandish more revengeful steel.

Shak.

Revengefully

REVENGEFULLY, adv. revenj'fully. By way of revenge; vindictively; with the spirit of revenge.

Dryden.

Revengefulness

REVENGEFULNESS, n. revenj'fulness. Vindictiveness.

More.

Revengeless

REVENGELESS, a. revenj'less. Unrevenged.

Marston.

Revengement

REVENGEMENT, n. revenj'ment. Revenge; return of an injury. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Revenger

REVENG'ER, noun One who revenges; one who inflicts pain on another spitefully in return for an injury.

Spenser.

2. One who inflicts just punishment for injuries. [Less proper.]

Bentley.

Revenging

REVENG'ING, participle of the present tense Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for injury or affront received.

2. Vindicating; punishing.

Revengingly

REVENG'INGLY, adverb With revenge; with the spirit of revenge; vindictively.

Shak.

Revenue

REV'ENUE, noun [French revenu, from revenir, to return, Latin revenio; re and venio, to come.]

1. In a general sense, the annual rents, profits, interest or issues of any species of property, real or personal, belonging to an individual or to the public. When used of individuals, it is equivalent to income. In modern usage, income is applied more generally to the rents and profits of individuals, and revenue to those of the state. In the latter case, revenue is

2. The annual produce of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, &c. which a nation or state collects and receives into the treasury for public use.

3. Return; reward; as a rich revenue of praise.

4. A fleshy lump on the head of a deer.

Encyc.

Reverb

REVERB', verb transitive To reverberate. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Reverberant

REVERB'ERANT, adjective [Latin reverberans. See Reverberate.]

Returning sound; resounding; driving back.

Shak.

Reverberate

REVERB'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin reverbero; re and verbero, to beat.]

1. To return, as sound; to send back; to echo; as, an arch reverberates the voice.

Shak.

2. To send or beat back; to repel; to reflect; as, to reverberate rays of light.

Swift.

3. To send or drive back; to repel from side to side; as flame reverberated in a furnace.

Reverberate

REVERB'ERATE, verb intransitive To be driven back; to be repelled, as rays of light, or sound.

Howell.

2. To resound.

And even at hand, a drum is ready brac'd,

That shall reverberate all as well as thine.

Shak.

Reverberate

REVERB'ERATE, adjective Reverberant.

Shak.

Reverberated

REVERB'ERATED, participle passive Driven back; sent back; driven from side to side.

Reverberating

REVERB'ERATING, participle of the present tense Driving or sending back; reflecting, as light; echoing, as sound.

Reverberation

REVERBERA'TION, noun [French; from reverberate.]

The act of driving or sending back; particularly, the act of reflecting light and heat or repelling sound. Thus we speak of the reverberation of the rays of light from an object, the reverberation of sound in echoes, or the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace.

Reverberatory

REVERB'ERATORY, adjective Returning or driving back; as a reverberatory furnace or kiln.

Moxon.

Reverberatory

REVERB'ERATORY, noun A furnace with a kind of dome that reflects the flame upon a vessel placed within it, so as to surround it.

Nicholson.

Revere

REVE'RE, verb transitive [French reverer; Italian reverire; Latin revereor; re and vereor, to fear.]

To regard with fear mingled with respect and affection; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation.

Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father, than treated as his partner in the empireÃ‚--

Addison.

Revered

REVE'RED, participle passive Regarded with fear mingled with respect and affection.

Reverence

REV'ERENCE, noun [French from Latin reverentia.]

1. Fear mingled with respect and esteem; veneration.

When quarrels and factions are carried openly, it is a sign that the reverence of government is lost.

Bacon.

The fear acceptable to God, is a filial fear, an awful reverence of the divine nature, proceeding from a just esteem of his perfections, which produces in us an inclination to his service and an unwillingness to offend him.

Rogers.

Reverence is nearly equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less of the same emotion. It differs from awe, which is an emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with admiration of something great, but not necessarily implying love or affection. We feel reverence for a parent, and for an upright magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant. This distinction may not always be observed.

2. An act of respect or obeisance; a bow or courtesy. 2 Samuel 9.

Dryden. Fairfax.

3. A title of the clergy.

Shak.

4. A poetical title of a father.

Shak.

Reverence

REV'ERENCE, verb transitive To regard with reverence; to regard with fear mingled with respect and affection. We reverence superiors for their age, their authority and their virtues. We ought to reverence parents and upright judges and magistrates. We ought to reverence the Supreme Being, his word and his ordinances.

Those that I reverence, those I fear, the wise.

Shak.

They will reverence my son. Matthew 21.

Let the wife see that she reverence her husband. Ephesians 5.

Reverenced

REV'ERENCED, participle passive Regarded with fear mingled with respect and affection.

Reverencer

REV'ERENCER, noun One that regards with reverence.

Swift.

Reverencing

REV'ERENCING, participle of the present tense Regarding with fear mixed with respect and affection.

Reverend

REV'EREND, adjective [French from Latin reverendus.]

1. Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; as reverend and gracious senators.

Shak.

A reverend sire among them came.

Milton.

[This epithet is, I believe, never applied to the Supreme Being, or to his laws or institutions. In lieu of it we use venerable.]

2. A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesiastics. We style a clergyman reverend; a bishop is styled right reverend; an archbishop most reverend. The religious in catholic countries, are styled reverend fathers; abbesses, prioresses, &c. reverend mothers. In Scotland, as in the United States, the clergy are individually styled reverend. A synod is styled very reverend, and the general assembly venerable.

Encyc.

Reverent

REV'ERENT, adjective Expressing reverence, veneration or submission; as reverent words or terms; a reverent posture in prayer; reverent behavior.

2. Submissive; humble; impressed with reverence.

They prostrate fell before him reverent.

Milton.

Reverential

REVEREN'TIAL, adjective [from reverence.] Proceeding from reverence, or expressing it; as reverential fear or awe; reverential gratitude or esteem.

ReligionÃ‚--consisting in a reverential esteem of things sacred.

South.

Reverentially

REVEREN'TIALLY, adverb With reverence, or show of reverence.

Brown.

Reverently

REV'ERENTLY, adverb With reverence; with respectful regard.

Chide him for faults, and do it reverently.

Shak.

2. With veneration; with fear of what is great or terrifying.

So reverently men quit the open air,

When thunder speaks the angry Gods abroad.

Dryden.

Reverer

REVE'RER, noun One who reveres or venerates.

Reverie

REVERIE. [See Revery.]

Revering

REVE'RING, participle of the present tense Regarding with fear mixed with respect and affection; venerating.

Reversal

REVERS'AL, adjective [See Reverse.] Intended to reverse; implying reverse.

Burnet.

Reversal

REVERS'AL, noun [from reverse.] A change or overthrowing; as the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false. So we speak of the reversal of an attainder or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void.

Blackstone.

Reverse

REVERSE, v. t. revers'. [Latin reversus, reverto; re and verto, to turn.]

1. To turn upside down; as, to reverse a pyramid or cone.

Temple.

2. To overturn; to subvert; as, to reverse the state.

Pope.

3. To turn back; as with swift wheel reverse.

Milton.

4. To turn to the contrary; as, to reverse the scene.

Ã‚--Or affectations quite reverse the soul.

Pope.

5. To put each in the place of the other; as, to reverse the distinctions of good and evil.

Rogers.

6. In law, to overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to annul; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence or decree. Judgments are reversed by writs of error; and for certain causes, may be reversed without such writs.

7. To recall. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Reverse

REVERSE, v. i. revers'. To return. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Reverse

REVERSE, n. revers'. Change; vicissitude; a turn of affairs; in a good sense.

By a strange reverse of things, Justinian's law, which for many ages was neglected, now obtainsÃ‚--

Baker.

2. Change for the worse; misfortune. By an unexpected reverse of circumstances, an affluent man is reduced to poverty.

3. A contrary; an opposite.

The performances to which God has annexed the promises of eternity, are just the reverse of all the pursuits of sense.

Rogers.

4. [French revers.] The reverse of a medal or coin is the second or back side, opposite to that on which the head or principal figure is impressed.

Encyc.

Reversed

REVERS'ED, participle passive Turned side for side or end for end; changed to the contrary.

2. In law, overthrown or annulled.

3. adjective In botany, resupinate; having the upper lip larger and more expanded than the lower; as a reversed corol.

Bigelow.

Reversedly

REVERS'EDLY, adverb In a reversed manner.

South.

Reverseless

REVERSELESS, a. revers'less. Not to be reversed; irreversible.

Seward.

Reversely

REVERSELY, adv. revers'ly. On the other hand; on the opposite.

Pearson.

Reversible

REVERS'IBLE, adjective That may be reversed; as a reversible judgment or sentence.

Reversing

REVERS'ING, participle of the present tense Turning upside down; subverting; turning the contrary way; annulling.

Reversion

REVER'SION, noun [French from Latin reversio.]

1. In a general sense, a returning; appropriately, in law, the returning of an estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate is ended. Hence,

2. The residue of an estate left in the grantor, to commence in possession after the determination of the particular estate granted. Thus when there is a gift in tail, the reversion of the fee is, without any special reservation, vested in the donor by act of law.

Blackstone.

3. Succession; right to future possession or enjoyment.

4. In algebra, reversion of series, a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series.

Encyc.

Reversionary

REVER'SIONARY, adjective Pertaining to a reversion, that is, to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of a particular estate; as a reversionary interest or right.

Reversioner

REVER'SIONER, noun The person who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is determined.

Blackstone.

Revert

REVERT', verb transitive [Latin reverto; re and verto, to turn.]

1. To turn back; to turn to the contrary; to reverse.

Till happy chance revert the cruel scene.

Prior.

[Instead of revert, in this sense, reverse is generally used.]

2. To drive or turn back; to reverberate; as a stream reverted.

Thomson.

Revert

REVERT', verb intransitive To return; to fall back.

2. In law, to return to the proprietor, after the determination of a particular estate. A feud granted to a man for life, or to him and his issue male, on his death or failure of issue male, reverted to the lord or proprietor.

Revert

REVERT', noun In music, return; recurrence; antistrophy.

Peacham.

Reverted

REVERT'ED, participle passive Reversed; turned back.

Revertent

REVERT'ENT, noun A medicine which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system.

Darwin.

Revertible

REVERT'IBLE, adjective That may revert or return.

Reverting

REVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Turning back; returning.

Revertive

REVERT'IVE, adjective Changing; reversing.

Thomson.

Revery

REV'ERY, noun [French rÃƒ-ªverie, from rÃƒ-ªver, to dream, to rave, to be light headed. It is often written in English as in French.]

1. Properly, a raving or delirium; but its sense, as generally used, is a loose or irregular train of thoughts, occurring in musing or meditation; wild, extravagant conceit of the fancy or imagination. There are reveries and extravagancies which pass through the minds of wise men as well as fools.

Addison.

2. A chimera; a vision.

Revest

REVEST', verb transitive [French revÃƒ-ªtir; Low Latin revestio; re and vestio, to clothe.]

1. To clothe again.

Wotton.

2. To reinvest; to vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate with authority.

3. To lay out in something less fleeting than money; as, to revest money in stocks.

Revest

REVEST', verb intransitive To take effect again, as a title; to return to a former owner; as, the title or right revests in A, after alienation.

Revested

REVEST'ED, participle passive Clothed again; invested anew.

Revestiary

REVEST'IARY, noun [French revestiaire, from Latin revestio.]

The place or apartment in a church or temple where the dresses are deposited; now contracted into vestry.

Camden.

Revetment

REVET'MENT, noun [French revÃƒ-ªtement, the lining of a ditch, from revÃƒ-ªtir, supra.]

In fortification, a strong wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to support the earth.

Revibrate

REVI'BRATE, verb intransitive [re and vibrate.] To vibrate back or in return.

Revibration

REVIBRA'TION, noun The act of vibrating back.

Reviction

REVIC'TION, noun [Latin re and vivo, victum, to live.] Return to life. [Not used.]

Brown.

Revictual

REVICTUAL, v. t. revit'l. [re and victual.] To furnish again with provisions.

Raleigh.

Revictualed

REVICTUALED, pp. revit'ld. Furnished with victuals again.

Revictualing

REVICTUALING, ppr. revit'ling. Supplying again with provisions.

Revie

REVI'E, verb transitive [re and vie.] To accede to the proposal of a stake and to overtop it; an old phrase at cards. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Revie

REVI'E, verb intransitive To return the challenge of a wager at cards; to make a retort. Obs.

Trial of the seven Bishops.

Review

REVIEW, v. t. revu'. [re and view; or French revoir, revu.]

1. To look back on.

Denham.

2. To see again.

I shall review Sicilia.

Shak.

3. To view and examine again; to reconsider; to revise; as, to review a manuscript. It is said that Virgil was prevented by death from reviewing the AEneis.

4. To retrace.

Shall I the long laborious scene review?

Pope.

5. To survey; to inspect; to examine the state of any thing, particularly of troops; as, to review a regiment.

Review

REVIEW, n. revu'. [French revue, from revoir; re and voir, from Latin video, to see.]

1. A second or repeated view; a re-examination; resurvey; as a review of the works of nature; a review of life.

2. Revision; a second examination with a view to amendment or improvment; as an author's review of his works.

3. In military affairs, an examination or inspection of troops under arms, by a general or commander, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of their discipline, equipments, &c.

4. In literature, a critical examination of a new publication, with remarks.

5. A periodical pamphlet containing examinations or analyses of new publications; as the Critical Review.

Commission of review, a commission granted by the British king to revise the sentence of the court of delegates.

Encyc.

Reviewed

REVIEW'ED, participle passive Resurveyed; re-examined; inspected; critically analysed.

Reviewer

REVIEW'ER, noun One that reviews or re-examines; an inspector; one that critically examines a new publication, and communicates his opinion upon its merits.

Reviewing

REVIEW'ING, participle of the present tense Looking back on; seeing again; revising; re-examining; inspecting, as an army; critically examining and remarking on.

Revigorate

REVIG'ORATE, verb transitive [re and vigor.] To give new vigor to. [Not in use.]

Revile

REVI'LE, verb transitive [re and vile. Rivilant is found in the Norman.]

To reproach; to treat with opprobrious and contemptuous language.

She revileth him to his face.

Swift.

Thou shalt not revile the gods. Exodus 22.

Blessed are ye when men shall revile you. Matthew 5.

Revile

REVI'LE, noun Reproach; contumely; contemptuous language. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Reviled

REVI'LED, participle passive Reproached; treated with opprobrious or contemptuous language.

Revilement

REVI'LEMENT, noun Reproach; contemptuous language.

More.

Reviler

REVI'LER, noun One who reviles another; one who treats another with contemptuous language.

Reviling

REVI'LING, participle of the present tense Reproaching; treating with language of contempt.

Reviling

REVI'LING, noun The act of reviling or treating with reproachful words. Isaiah 51.

Revilingly

REVI'LINGLY, adverb With reproachful or contemptuous language; with opprobrium.

Revindicate

REVIN'DICATE, verb transitive To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back what has been lost.

Mitford.

Revisal

REVI'SAL, noun [from revise.] Revision; the act of reviewing and re-examining for correction and improvement; as the revisal of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet.

Revise

REVI'SE, v. t. s as z. [Latin revisus, reviso, to revisit; re and viso, to see, to visit.]

1. To review; to re-examine; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a proof sheet.

Pope.

2. To review, alter and amend; as, to revise statutes.

Revise

REVI'SE, noun Review; re-examination.

Boyle.

2. Among printers, a second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first correction.

Revised

REVI'SED, participle passive Reviewed; re-examined for correction.

Reviser

REVI'SER, noun One that revises or re-examines for correction.

Revising

REVI'SING, participle of the present tense Reviewing; re-examining for correction.

Revision

REVI'SION, noun [French] The act of reviewing; review; re-examination for correction; as the revision of a book or writing or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.

2. Enumeration of inhabitants.

Tooke.

Revisional

REVI'SIONAL, or REVI'SIONARY, adjective Pertaining to revision.

Revisit

REVIS'IT, v. t. s as z. [French revisiter; Latin revisito; re and visito, from viso, to see or visit.] To visit again.

Let the pale sire revisit Thebes.

Pope.

Revisitation

REVISITA'TION, noun The act of revisiting.

Revisited

REVIS'ITED, participle passive Visited again.

Revisiting

REVIS'ITING, participle of the present tense Visiting again.

Revisor

REVI'SOR, noun In Russia, one who has taken the number of inhabitants.

Tooke.

Revival

REVI'VAL, noun [from revive.] Return, recall or recovery to life from death or apparent death; as the revival of a drowned person.

2. Return or recall to activity from a state of languor; as the revival of spirits.

3. Recall, return or recovery from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression; as the revival of letters or learning.

4. Renewed and more active attention to religion; an awakening of men to their spiritual concerns.

Revive

REVI'VE, verb intransitive [French revivre; Latin revivisco; re and vivo, to live.]

1. To return to life; to recover life.

The soul of the child came into him again, and he revived. 1 Kings 17. Romans 14.

2. To recover new life or vigor; to be reanimated after depression.

When he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived. Genesis 45.

3. To recover from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression. Learning revived in Europe after the middle ages.

4. In chimistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal.

Sin revives, when the conscience is awakened by a conviction of guilt. Romans 7.

Revive

REVI'VE, verb transitive To bring again to life; to reanimate.

Milton.

2. To raise from languor, depression or discouragement; to rouse; as, to revive the spirits or courage.

3. To renew; to bring into action after a suspension; as, to revive a project or scheme that had been laid aside.

4. To renew in the mind or memory; to recall.

The mind has the power in many cases to revive ideas or perceptions, which it has once had.

Locke.

5. To recover from a state of neglect or depression; as, to revive letters or learning.

6. To recomfort; to quicken; to refresh with joy or hope.

Wilt thou not revive us again? Psalm 85.

7. To bring again into notice.

Revive the libels born to die.

Swift.

8. In chimistry, to restore or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination.

Revived

REVI'VED, participle passive Brought to life; reanimated; renewed; recovered; quickened; cheered; reduced to a metallic state.

Reviver

REVI'VER, noun That which revives; that which invigorates or refreshes; one that redeems from neglect or depression.

Revivificate

REVIV'IFICATE, verb transitive [French revivifier; Latin re and vivifico; vivus, alive, and facio, to make.]

To revive; to recall or restore to life. [Little used.]

Revivification

REVIVIFICA'TION, noun Renewal of life; restoration of life; or the act of recalling to life.

Spectator.

2. In chimistry, the reduction of a metal to its metallic state.

Revivifo

REVIV'IFO, verb transitive [French revivifier.] To recall to life; to reanimate.

Stackhouse.

2. To give new life or vigor to.

Reviving

REVI'VING, participle of the present tense Bringing to life again; reanimating; renewing; recalling to the memory; recovering from neglect or depression; refreshing with joy or hope; reducing to a metallic state.

Reviviscence

REVIVIS'CENCE, or REVIVIS'CENCY, noun Renewal of life; return to life.

Burnet.

Reviviscent

REVIVIS'CENT, adjective Reviving; regaining or restoring life or action.

Darwin.

Revivor

REVI'VOR, noun In law, the reviving of a suit which is abated by the death of any of the parties. This is done by a bill of revivor.

Blackstone.

Revocable

REV'OCABLE, adjective [French from Latin revocabilis. See Revoke.]

That may be recalled or revoked; that may be repealed or annulled; as a revocable edict or grant.

Revocableness

REV'OCABLENESS, noun The quality of being revocable.

Revocate

REV'OCATE, verb transitive [Latin revoco; re and voco, to call.] To recall; to call back. [Not in use. See Revoke.]

Revocation

REVOCA'TION, noun [French from Latin revocatio.]

1. The act of recalling or calling back; as the revocation of Calvin.

Hooker.

2. State of being recalled.

Howell.

3. Repeal; reversal; as the revocation of the edict of Nantz. A law may cease to operate without an express revocation. So we speak of the revocation of a will, of a use, of a devise, &c.

Revoke

REVO'KE, verb transitive [French revoquer; Latin revoco; re and voco, to call.]

1. To recall; to repeal; to reverse. A law, decree or sentence is revoked by the same authority which enacted or passed it. A charter or grant which vests rights in a corporation, cannot be legally revoked without the consent of the corporation. A devise may be revoked by the devisor, a use by the grantor, and a will by the testator.

2. To check; to repress; as, to revoke rage. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

3. To draw back.

Seas are troubled when they do revoke

Their flowing waves into themselves again. [Unusual.]

Davies.

Revoke

REVO'KE, verb intransitive To renounce at cards.

Revoke

REVO'KE, noun The act of renouncing at cards.

Revoked

REVO'KED, participle passive Repealed; reversed.

Revokement

REVO'KEMENT, noun Revocation; reversal. [Little used.]

Shak.

Revoking

REVO'KING, participle of the present tense Reversing; repealing.

Revolt

REVOLT', verb intransitive [French revolter; Italian rivoltare; ri and voltare, to turn; from Latin revolvo; re and volvo, to turn, wallow.]

1. To fall off or turn from one to another.

Shak.

2. To renounce allegiance and subjection to one's prince or state; to reject the authority of a sovereign; as a province or a number of people. It is not applied to individuals.

The Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah. 2 Chronicles 21.

3. To change. [Not in use.]

Shak.

4. In Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God; to reject the government of the King of kings. Isaiah 31.

Revolt

REVOLT', verb transitive To turn; to put to flight; to overturn.

Burke.

2. To shock; to do violence to; to cause to shrink or turn away with abhorrence; as, to revolt the mind or the feelings.

Their honest pride of their purer religion had revolted the Babylonians.

Mitford.

Revolt

REVOLT', noun Desertion; change of sides; more correctly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one's prince or government; as the revolt of a province of the Roman empire.

2. Gross departure from duty.

Shak.

3. In Scripture, a rejection of divine government; departure from God; disobedience. Isaiah 59.

4. A revolter. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Revolted

REVOLT'ED, participle passive Having swerved from allegiance or duty.

Milton.

2. Shocked; grossly offended.

Revolter

REVOLT'ER, noun One who changes sides; a deserter.

Atterbury.

2. One who renounces allegiance and subjection to his prince or state.

3. In Scripture, one who renounces the authority and laws of God. Jeremiah 6. Hosea 9.

Revolting

REVOLT'ING, participle of the present tense Changing sides; deserting.

2. Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to a prince or state.

3. Rejecting the authority of God.

4. adjective Doing violence, as to the feelings; exciting abhorrence.

Revolute

REV'OLUTE, adjective [Latin revolutus, from revolvo.]

In botany, rolled back or downwards; as revolute foliation or leafing, when the sides of the leaves in the bud are rolled spirally back or towards the lower surface; a revolute leaf or tendril; a revolute corol or valve.

Martyn. Lee.

Revolution

REVOLU'TION, noun [French from Latin revolutus, revolvo.]

1. In physics, rotation; the circular motion of a body on its axis; a course or motion which brings every point of the surface or periphery of a body back to the place at which it began to move; as the revolution of a wheel; the diurnal revolution of the earth.

2. The motion of a body round any fixed point or center; as the annual revolution of the earth or other planet in its orbit round the center of the system.

3. Motion of any thing which brings it to the same point or state; as the revolution of day and night or of the seasons.

4. Continued course marked by the regular return of years; as the revolution of ages.

5. Space measured by some regular return of a revolving body or of a state of things; as the revolution of a day.

Dryden.

6. In politics, a material or entire change in the constitution of government. Thus the revolution in England, in 1688, was produced by the abdication of king James II. the establishment of the house of Orange upon the throne, and the restoration of the constitution to its primitive state. So the revolutions in Poland, in the United States of America, and in France, consisted in a change of constitution. We shall rejoice to hear that the Greeks have effected a revolution.

7. Motion backward.

Milton.

This word is used adjectively, as in the phrase, revolution principles.

Addison. Smollet.

Revolutionary

REVOLU'TIONARY, adjective Pertaining to a revolution in government; as a revolutionary war; revolutionary crimes or disasters.

Burke.

2. Tending to produce a revolution; as revolutionary measures.

Revolutioner

REVOLU'TIONER, noun One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.

Ramsay.

2. In England, one who favored the revolution in 1688.

Smollet.

Revolutionist

REVOLU'TIONIST, noun One engaged in effecting a change of government; the favorer of a revolution.

Burke. S. S. Smith.

Revolutionize

REVOLU'TIONIZE, verb transitive To effect a change in the form of a political constitution; as, to revolutionize a government.

Ames.

2. To effect an entire change of principles in.

The gospel, if received in truth, has revolutionized his soul.

J. M. Mason.

Revolutionized

REVOLU'TIONIZED, participle passive Changed in constitutional form and principles.

Revolutionizing

REVOLU'TIONIZING, participle of the present tense Changing the form and principles of a constitution.

Revolvency

REVOLV'ENCY, noun State, act or principle of revolving; revolution.

Its own revolvency upholds the world.

Cowper.

Revomit

REVOM'IT, verb transitive [re and vomit; French revomir.]

To vomit or pour forth again; to reject from the stomach.

Hakewill.

Revomited

REVOM'ITED, participle passive Vomited again.

Revomiting

REVOM'ITING, participle of the present tense Vomiting again.

Revulsion

REVUL'SION, noun [French from Latin revulsus, revello; re and vello, to pull.]

1. In medicine, the act of turning or diverting a flux of humors or any cause of disease, from one part of the body to another.

Encyc.

2. The act of holding or drawing back.

Brown.

Revulsive

REVUL'SIVE, adjective Having the power of revulsion.

Revulsive

REVUL'SIVE, noun That which has the power of diverting humors from one part to another.

2. That which has the power of withdrawing.

Fell.

Rew

REW, noun A row. [Not in use.

Spenser.

Reward

REWARD', v. t. a as aw. [Norm. regarder, to allow; regardes, fees, allowances, perquisites, rewards; regardez, awarded. In these words there appears to be an alliance with regard. But in the French and Norm. guerdon, a reward, and guerdonner, to reward, this alliance does not appear. So the Italian guiderdonare, to reward, is evidently a compound of the Latin dono with another word, and apparently with the Saxon wither, German wider and wieder, Dutch weder, answering to Latin re, denoting return. The Spanish and Portuguese have the Latin word with a different prefix; Spanish galardon, a reward; galardonar, to reward; Portugese galardam, galadoar. The Armoric has garredon, garredoner. Reward appears to be from the Norman.]

To give in return, either good or evil.

Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. 1 Samuel 24.

Hence, when good is returned for good, reward signifies to repay, to recompense, to compensate. When evil or suffering is returned for injury or wickedness, reward signifies to punish with just retribution, to take vengeance on, according to the nature of the case.

I will render vengeance to my enemies; and will reward them that hate me. Deuteronomy 32.

The Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father, with his angels, and then he shall reward every man according to his works. Matthew 16.

In the latter passage, reward signifies to render both good and evil.

Reward

REWARD', noun Recompense, or equivalent return for good done, for kindness, for services and the like. Rewards may consist of money, goods or any return of kindness or happiness.

The laborer is worthy of his reward. 1 Timothy 5.

Great is your reward in heaven. Matthew 5.

Rewards and punishments presuppose moral agency, and something voluntarily done, well or ill; without which respect, though we may receive good, it is only a benefit and not a reward.

2. The fruit of men's labor or works.

The dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward. Ecclesiastes 9.

3. A bribe; a gift to pervert justice. Deuteronomy 27.

4. A sum of money offered for taking or detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any thing lost.

5. Punishment; a just return of evil or suffering for wickedness.

Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. Psalm 91.

6. Return in human applause. Matthew 6.

7. Return in joy and comfort. Psalm 19.

Rewardable

REWARD'ABLE, adjective That may be rewarded; worthy of recompense.

Hooker. Taylor.

Rewardableness

REWARD'ABLENESS, noun The state of being worthy of reward.

Goodman.

Rewarded

REWARD'ED, participle passive Requited; recompensed or punished.

Rewarder

REWARD'ER, noun One who rewards; one that requites or recompenses. Hebrews 11.

Addison. Swift.

Rewarding

REWARD'ING, participle of the present tense Making an equivalent return for good or evil; requiting; recompensing or punishing.

Reword

REWORD, verb transitive [re and word.] To repeat in the same words. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rewrite

REWRI'TE, verb transitive To write a second time.

Rewritten

REWRIT'TEN, participle passive Written again.

Kent.

Reys

REYS, noun The master of an Egyptian bark or ship.

Rhabarbarate

RHAB`ARBARATE, adjective [See Rhubarb.] Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb.

Floyer.

Rhabdology

RHABDOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a staff or wand, and, discourse.]

The act or art of computing or numbering by Napier's rods or Napier's bones.

Jones.

Rhabdomancy

RHAB'DOMANCY, noun [Greek, a rod, and, divination.]

Divination by a rod or wand.

Brown.

Rhapsodic

RHAPSOD'IC, or RHAPSOD'ICAL, adjective [from rhapsody.] Pertaining to or consisting of rhapsody; unconnected.

Mason. Martin.

Rhapsodist

RHAP'SODIST, noun [from rhapsody.] One that writes or speaks without regular dependence of one part of his discourse on another.

Watts.

2. One who recites or sings rhapsodies for a livelihood; or one who makes and repeats verses extempore.

3. Anciently, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Homer and other poets.

Rhapsody

RHAP'SODY, noun [Greek; to sew or unite, and, a song.]

Originally, a discourse in verse, sung or rehearsed by a rhapsodist; or a collection of verses, particularly those of Homer. In modern usage, a collection of passages, thoughts or authorities, composing a new piece, but without necessary dependence or natural connection.

Locke. Watts.

Rhein-Berry

RHEIN-BERRY, noun Buckthorn, a plant.

Johnson.

Rhenish

RHE'NISH, adjective Pertaining to the river Rhine, or to Rheims in France; as Rhenish wine; as a noun, the wine produced on the hills about Rheims, which is remarkable as a solvent of iron.

Encyc.

Rhetian

RHE'TIAN, adjective Pertaining to the ancient Rhaeti, or to Rhaetia, their country; as the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons.

Rhetor

RHE'TOR, noun [Latin from Greek, an orator or speaker.]

A rhetorician. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Rhetoric

RHET'ORIC, noun [Greek, from, to speak, to flow, contracted from or, to read. The primary sense is to drive or send. See Read.]

1. The art of speaking with propriety, elegance and force.

Locke. Dryden. Encyc.

2. The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or charms. We speak of the rhetoric of the tongue, and the rhetoric of the heart or eyes.

Sweet silent rhetoric of persuading eyes.

Daniel.

Rhetorical

RHETOR'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to rhetoric; as the rhetorical art.

2. Containing the rules of rhetoric; as a rhetorical treatise.

3. Oratorial; as a rhetorical flourish.

More.

Rhetorically

RHETOR'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of rhetoric; according to the rules of rhetoric; as, to treat a subject rhetorically; a discourse rhetorically delivered.

Rhetoricate

RHETOR'ICATE, verb intransitive To play the orator. [Not in use.]

Decay of Piety.

Rhetorication

RHETORICA'TION, noun Rhetorical amplification. [Not in use.]

Waterland.

Rhetorician

RHETORI'CIAN, noun [French rhetoricien.] One who teaches the art of rhetoric, or the principles and rules of correct and elegant speaking.

The ancient sophists and rhetoriciuns, who had young auditors, lived till they were a hundred years old.

Bacon.

2. One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.

3. An orator. [Less proper.]

Dryden.

Rhetorician

RHETORI'CIAN, adjective [See the Noun.] Suiting a master of rhetoric. [Not in use.]

Blackmore.

Rhetorize

RHET'ORIZE, verb intransitive To play the orator.

Cotgrave.

Rhetorize

RHET'ORIZE, verb intransitive To represent by a figure of oratory.

Milton.

Rheum

RHEUM, noun [Greek, from, to flow.]

1. An increased and often inflammatory action of the vessels of any organ; but generally applied to the inflammatory action of the mucous glands, attended with increased discharge and an altered state of their excreted fluids.

Parr.

2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by the mucous glands, &c.; as in catarrh.

Shak.

Rheumatic

RHEUMAT'IC, adjective [Latin rheumaticus; Greek, from, rheum, which see.]

Pertaining to rheumatism, or partaking of its nature; as rheumatic pains or affections.

Rheumatism

RHEU'MATISM, noun [Latin rheumatismus; Greek, from, a watery humor, from, to flow; the ancients supposing the disease to proceed from a defluxion of humors.]

A painful disease affecting muscles and joints of the human body, chiefly the larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, &c.

Encyc. Parr.

Rheumy

RHEU'MY, adjective [from rheum.] Full of rheum or watery matter; consisting of rheum or partaking of its nature.

2. Affected with rheum.

Dryden.

3. Abounding with sharp moisture; causing rheum.

Shak.

Rhime

RHIME. [See Rhyme.]

Rhino

RHI'NO, noun A cant word for gold and silver, or money.

Wagstaffe.

Rhinocerial

RHINOCE'RIAL, adjective [from rhinoceros.] Pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros.

Tatler.

Rhinoceros

RHINOC'EROS, noun [French rhinoceros or rhinocerot; Italian Spanish rinoceronte; Latin rhinoceros; Greek, nose-horn; the nose, Welsh rhyn, a point, and, a horn.]

A genus of quadrupeds of two species, one of which, the unicorn, has a single horn growing almost erect from the nose. This animal when full grown, is said to be 12 feet in length. There is another species with two horns, the bicornis. They are natives of Asia and Africa.

Encyc.

Rhinoceros-Bird

RHINOCEROS-BIRD, noun A bird of the genus Buceros, having a crooked horn on the forehead, joined to the upper mandible.

Rhodian

RHO'DIAN, adjective Pertaining to Rhodes, an isle of the Mediterranean; as Rhodian laws.

Rhodium

RHO'DIUM, noun A metal recently discovered among grains of crude platinum.

Rhododendron

RHODODEN'DRON, noun [Greek, a rose, and, a tree.]

The dwarf rosebay.

Evelyn.

Rhodonite

RHO'DONITE, noun A mineral of a red, redish, or yellowish white color, and splintery fracture, occurring compact or fibrous in the Hartz, at Strahlberg, &c.

Phillips.

Rhoetizite

RHOE'TIZITE, or RHET'IZITE, noun A mineral occurring in masses or in radiated concretions, and of a white color.

Rhomb

RHOMB, noun [French rhombe; Latin rhombus; Greek, from, to turn or whirl round, to wander, to roam or rove; literally, a deviating square.]

In geometry, an oblique angled parallelogram, or a quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and parallel, but the angles unequal, two of the angles being obtuse and two acute. It consists of two equal and right cones united at the base.

Encyc. Harris.

Rhombic

RHOMB'IC, adjective Having the figure of a rhomb.

Grew.

Rhombo

RHOM'BO, noun A fish of the turbot kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Rhomboid

RHOM'BOID, noun [Greek, rhomb, and, form.]

1. In geometry, a figure having some resemblance to a rhomb; or a quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal, but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular.

Encyc.

2. adjective In anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad and obliquely square fleshy muscle, between the basis of the scapula and the spina dorsi.

Encyc.

Rhomboidal

RHOMBOID'AL, adjective Having the shape of a rhomboid, or a shape approaching it.

Woodward.

Rhomb-Spar

RHOMB-SPAR, noun A mineral of a grayish white, occurring massive, disseminated and crystalized in rhomboids, imbedded in chlorite slate, limestone, &c. It consists chiefly of carbonates of lime and magnesia.

Ure.

Rhubarb

RHU'BARB, noun [Pers. rawand. In Syriac raiborig. It seems to be a compound word, latinized rhabarbarum.]

A plant of the genus Rheum, of several species; as the rhapontic, or common rhubard; the palmated, or true Chinese rhubarb; the compact or Tartarian; the undulated, or waved-leafed Chinese rhubarb; and the ribes, or currant rhubarb of mount Libanus. The root is medicinal and much used as a moderate cathartic.

Rhubarbarine

RHUB'ARBARINE, noun A vegetable substance obtained from rhubarb.

Journ. of Science.

Rhumb

RHUMB, noun [from rhomb.] In navigation, a vertical circle of any given place, or the intersection of such a circle with the horizon; in which last sense, rhumb is the same as a point of the compass.

Rhumb-Line

RHUMB-LINE, noun In navigation, a line prolonged from any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except from the four cardinal points.

Rhyme

RHYME, or RIME, noun [Saxon rim and gerim, number; riman, to number; ge-riman, id.; riman and ryman, to give place, to open a way, to make room; Swedish Danish rim; Dutch rym; German reim; Welsh rhiv; Irish rimh or reomh. The Welsh word is rendered also, that divides or separates, and the Saxon rim seems to be connected with room, from opening, spreading. The deduction of this word from the Greek, is a palpable error. The true orthography is rime or ryme; but as rime is hoar frost, and rhyme gives the true pronunciation, it may be convenient to continue the present or thography.]

1. In poetry, the correspondence of sounds in the terminating words or syllables of two verses, one of which succeeds the other immediately, or at no great distance.

For rhyme with reason may dispense,

And sound has right to govern sense.

Prior.

To constitute this correspondence in single words or in syllables, it is necessary that the vowel, and the final articulations or consonants, should be the same, or have nearly the same sound. The initial consonants may be different, as in find and mind, new and drew, cause and laws.

2. A harmonical succession of sounds.

The youth with songs and rhymes,

Some dance, some haul the rope.

Denham.

3. Poetry; a poem.

He knew

Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme.

Milton.

4. A word of sound to answer to another word.

Young.

Rhyme or reason, number or sense.

But from that time unto this season,

I had neither rhyme nor reason.

Spenser.

Rhyme

RHYME, verb intransitive To accord in sound.

But fagoted his notions as they fell,

And if they rhym'd and rattl'd, all was well.

Dryden.

2. To make verses.

There march'd the bard and blockhead side by side,

Who rhym'd for hire, and patroniz'd for pride.

Pope.

Rhyme

RHYME, verb transitive To put into rhyme.

Wilson.

Rhymeless

RHY'MELESS, adjective Destitute of rhyme; not having consonance of sound.

Hall.

Rhymer

RHY'MER, or RHY'MIST, or RHY'MSTER, noun One who makes rhymes; a versifier; a poor poet.

Johnson. Dryden.

Rhymic

RHY'MIC, adjective Pertaining to rhyme.

Rhythm

RHYTHM, or RHYTH'MUS, noun [Greek.] In music, variety in the movement as to quickness or slowness, or length and shortness of the notes; or rather the proportion which the parts of the motion have to each other.

Encyc.

2. Meter; verse; number.

Howell.

Rhythmical

RHYTH'MICAL, adjective [Greek; Latin rhythmicus.]

Having proportion of sound, or one sound proportioned to another; harmonical.

Johnson.

Duly regulated by cadences, accents and quantities.

Busby.

Rial

RIAL, noun A Spanish coin. [See Real.]

Rial

RI'AL, noun [from royal.] A royal; a gold coin of the value of ten shillings sterling, formerly current in Britain.

Encyc.

Riant

RI'ANT, adjective [French from rire, to laugh.] Laughing; exciting laughter. [Not anglicized.]

Buck.

Rib

RIB, noun [Saxon rib or ribb; Icelandic rif; German rippe; Dutch rib, a rib or rafter; Swedish refben, rib or side bone; Danish ribbe or ribbeen, ribbone; Russian rebro, a rib or side. This word, like the Latin costa, signifies side, border, extremity, whence the compound in Swedish Danish rib-bone, that is, side-bone. It may be allied to the Latin ripa. The sense of side is generally from extending.]

1. A bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame of the thorax. The ribs in the human body are twelve on each side, proceeding from the spine to the sternum, or towards it, and serving to inclose and protect the heart and lungs.

2. In ship building, a piece of timber which forms or strengthens the side of a ship.

Ribs of a parrel, are short pieces of plank, having holes through which are reeved the two parts of the parrel-rope.

Mar. Dict.

3. In botany, the continuation of the petiole along the middle of a leaf, and from which the veins take their rise.

Martyn.

4. In cloth, a prominent line or rising, like a rib.

5. Something long, thin and narrow; a strip. [Welsh rhib.]

Rib

RIB, verb transitive To furnish with ribs. In manufactures, to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth; whence we say, ribbed cloth.

2. To inclose with ribs.

Shak.

Ribald

RIB'ALD, noun [French ribaud; Italian ribaldo, a rogue, and as an adjective, poor, beggarly; Armoric ribaud, a fornicator. Qu. Dutch rabout, rabauw, a rogue or rascal. According to the Italian, this word is a compound of ri or re, and baldo, hold, or Spanish baldio, idle, lazy, vagrant, untilled. But the real composition of the word is not ascertained.]

A low, vulgar, brutal wretch; a lewd fellow.

Shak. Spenser. Pope.

Ribald

RIB'ALD, adjective Low; base; mean.

Shak.

Ribaldish

RIB'ALDISH, adjective Disposed to ribaldry.

Hall.

Ribaldry

RIB'ALDRY, noun [Italian ribalderia.] Mean, vulgar language; chiefly, obscene language.

Dryden. Swift.

Riban

RIB'AN, noun In heraldry, the eighth part of a bend.

Encyc.

Ribbed

RIB'BED, participle passive or adjective Furnished with ribs; as ribbed with steel.

Sandys.

2. Inclosed as with ribs.

Shak.

3. Marked or formed with rising lines and channels; as ribbed cloth.

Ribin

RIB'IN, noun [Welsh rhibin, a row or streak, a dribblet; rhib, id.; Irish ruibin; French ruban; Armoric rubanou. This word has no connection with band, and the common orthography is grossly erroneous.]

1. A fillet of silk; a narrow web of silk used for an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of female dress.

Dryden.

2. In naval architecture, a long narrow flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the ribs from the stem to the sternpost, so as to encompass the ship lengthwise; the principal are the floor-ribin and the breadth-ribin.

Mar. Dict.

Ribin

RIB'IN, verb transitive To adorn with ribins.

Beaum.

Ribroast

RIB'ROAST, verb transitive [rib and roast.] To beat soundly; a burlesque word.

Butler.

Ribroasted

RIB'ROASTED, participle passive Soundly beaten.

Ribroasting

RIB'ROASTING, participle of the present tense Beating soundly.

Ribwort

RIB'WORT, noun A plant of the genus Plantago.

Ric

RIC, or RICK, as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or a district over which government is exercised, as in bishoprick; Saxon cyne-ric, king-ric. It is the Gothic reiki, dominion, Saxon rice or ric; from the same root as Latin rego, to rule, and region.

Ric

RIC, as a termination of names, denotes rich or powerful, as in Alfric, Frederick, like the Greek Polycrates and Plutarchus. It is the first syllable of Richard; Saxon ric, rice. [See Rich.]

Rice

RICE, noun [French riz or ris; Italian riso; Spanish Portugese arroz; German reis or reiss; Dutch ryst; Danish ris; Latin oryza; Greek; Ethiopic rez; Arabic arozon, from the verb araza, to be contracted, or to be firmly fixed. The word is common to most of the Asiatics, Persians, Turks, Armenians and Tartars.]

A plant of the genus Oryza, and its seed. The calyx is a bivalvular uniflorous glume; the color bivalvular, nearly equal, and adhering to the seed. There is only one species. This plant is cultivated in all warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America, it grows chiefly on low moist land, which can be overflowed. It is a light food, and said to be little apt to produce acidity in the stomach. Indeed it seems intended by the wise and benevolent Creator to be the proper food of men in warm climates.

Rice-Bird

RICE-BIRD, or RICE-BUNTING, noun A bird of the United States, the Emberiza oryzivora; so named from its feeding on rice in the S. States. In New England, it is called bob-lincoln.

Wilson.

Rich

RICH, adjective [French riche; Spanish rico; Italian ricco; Saxon ric, rice, ricca; Dutch ryk; German reich; Swedish rik; Danish rig, riig. This word in Saxon signifies great, noble, powerful, as well as rich. It is probable therefore it is connected with ric, dominion, Latin rego, regnum, reach, region, from extending.]

1. Wealthy; opulent; possessing a large portion of land, goods or money, or a larger portion than is common to other men or to men of like rank. A farmer may be rich with property which would not make a nobleman rich. An annual income of Ãƒ--500 sterling would make a rich vicar, but not a rich bishop. Men more willingly acknowledge others to be richer, than to be wiser than themselves.

Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver and in gold. Genesis 13.

2. Splendid; costly; valuable; precious; sumptuous; as a rich dress; a rich border; a rich silk; rich furniture; a rich present.

3. Abundant in materials; yielding great quantities of any thing valuable; as a rich mine; rich ore.

4. Abounding in valuable ingredients or qualities; as a rich odor or flavor; rich spices.

Waller. Baker.

So we say, a rich description; a discourse rich in ideas.

5. Full of valuable achievements or works.

Each minute shall be rich in some great action.

Rowe.

6. Fertile; fruitful; capable of producing large crops or quantities; as a rich soil; rich land; rich mold.

Philips.

7. Abundant; large; as a rich crop.

8. Abundant; affording abundance; plentiful.

The gorgeous East with richest hand

Pours on her sons barbaric pearl and gold.

Milton.

9. Full of beautiful scenery; as a rich landscape; a rich prospect.

10. Abounding with elegant colors; as a rich picture.

11. Plentifully stocked; as pastures rich in flocks.

12. Strong; vivid; perfect; as a rich color.

13. Having something precious; as a grove of rich trees.

Milton.

14. Abounding with nutritious qualities; as a rich diet.

15. Highly seasoned; as rich paste; a rich dish of food.

16. Abounding with a variety of delicious food; as a rich table or entertainment.

17. Containing abundance beyond wants; as a rich treasury.

18. In music, full of sweet or harmonious sounds.

19. In Scripture, abounding; highly endowed with spiritual gifts; as rich in faith. James 2.

20. Placing confidence in outward prosperity. Matthew 19.

21. Self-righteous; abounding, in one's own opinion, with spiritual graces. Revelation 3.

Rich in mercy, spoken of God, full of mercy, and ready to bestow good things on sinful men. Ephesians 2. Romans 10.

The rich, used as a noun, denotes a rich man or person, or more frequently in the plural, rich men or persons.

The rich hath many friends. Proverbs 14.

Rich

RICH, verb transitive To enrich. [Not used. See Enrich.]

Gower.

Riched

RICH'ED, participle passive Enriched. [Not used.]

Shak.

Riches

RICH'ES, noun [French richesse; Italian ricchezza; Spanish riqueza. This is in the singular number in fact, but treated as the plural.]

1. Wealth; opulence; affluence; possessions of land, goods or money in abundance.

Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion than our neighbors.

Locke.

2. Splendid sumptuous appearance.

The riches of heav'n's pavement, trodden gold.

Milton.

3. In Scripture, an abundance of spiritual blessings. Luke 16.

The riches of God, his fullness of wisdom, power, mercy, grace and glory, Ephesians 1, 2.; or the abundance supplied by his works. Psalm 104.

The riches of Christ, his abundant fullness of spiritual and eternal blessings for men. Ephesians 3.

The riches of a state or kingdom, consist less in a full treasury than in the productiveness of its soil and manufactures, and in the industry of its inhabitants.

Richly

RICH'LY, adverb With riches; with opulence; with abundance of goods or estate; with ample funds; as a hospital richly endowed.

In Belmont is a lady richly left.

Shak.

2. Gayly; splendidly; magnificently; as richly dressed; richly ornamented.

3. Plenteously; abundantly; amply; as, to be richly paid for services. The reading of ancient authors will richly reward us for the perusal.

4. Truly; really; abundantly; fully; as a chastisement richly deserved.

Addison.

Richness

RICH'NESS, noun Opulence; wealth.

Sidney.

2. Finery; splendor.

Johnson.

3. Fertility; fecundity; fruitfulness; the qualities which render productive; as the richness of a soil.

Addison.

4. Fullness; abundance; as the richness of a treasury.

5. Quality of abounding with something valuable; as the richness of a mine or an one; the richness of milk or of cane-juice.

6. Abundance of any ingredient or quality; as the richness of spices or of fragrance.

7. Abundance of beautiful scenery; as the richness of a landscape or prospect.

8. Abundance of nutritious qualities; as the richness of diet.

9. Abundance of high seasoning; as the richness of cake.

10. Strength; vividness; or whatever constitutes perfection; as the richness of color or coloring.

11. Abundance of imagery or of striking ideas; as richness of description.

Rick

RICK, noun [Saxon hreac or hrig; Irish cruach; Welsh crug, a rick, an impostem, a heap, a stack, a hillock; crugaw, to heap or pile, to swell, to grow into an impostem. It coincides with the German rÃƒ-¼cken, Dutch rug, the back, ridge.]

A heap or pile of grain or hay in the field or open air, but sheltered with a kind of roof. In America, we usually give this name to a long pile; the round and conical pile being called stack. In the north of England, it is said this name is given to small piles of corn in the field.

Mortimer.

Rickets

RICK'ETS, noun [In technical language, rachitis, Greek, from, back or spine, rack, applied to the neck piece of meat; Spanish raquitio, the rickets. See Rack and Ridge.]

A disease which affects children, and in which the joints become knotted, and the legs and spine grow crooked. As the child advances in life, the head is enlarged, the thorax is compressed on the sides, and the sternum rises.

Encyc.

Rickety

RICK'ETY, adjective Affected with rickets.

Arbuthnot.

2. Weak; feeble in the joints; imperfect.

Ricochet

RIC'OCHET, noun [French duck and drake.] In gunnery, the firing of guns, mortars or howitzers with small charges, and elevated a few degrees, so as to carry the balls or shells just over the parapet, and cause them to roll along the opposite rampart. This is called ricochet-firing, and the batteries are called ricochet-batteries.

Encyc.

Rid

RID, pret. of ride.

Rid

RID, verb transitive pret. rid; pp. id. [Saxon ahreddan or hreddan; Dutch redden; German retten or erretten; Danish redder; allied probably to Welsh rhidiaw, to secrete, to drain, that is, to separate or drive off, whence riddle. See Class Rd. No. 63. 69.]

1. To free; to deliver; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver or save.

That he might rid him out of their hands. Genesis 37.

I will rid you out of their bondage. Exodus 6.

2. To separate; to drive away.

I will rid evil beasts out of the land. Leviticus 26.

[This use is not common.]

3. To free; to clear; to disencumber; as, to rid one of his care. It is not easy to rid the sea of pirates.

B. Jonson.

Resolv'd at once to rid himself of pain.

Dryden.

4. To dispatch.

For willingness rids away.

Shak.

5. To drive away; to remove by violence; to destroy.

Ah death's men! you have rid this sweet young prince.

Shak.

Rid

RID, participle passive or adjective Free; clear; as, to be rid of trouble.

To get rid of, to free one's self.

Addison.

Riddance

RID'DANCE, noun Deliverance; a setting free; as riddance from all adversity.

Hooker.

2. Disencumbrance.

Shak.

3. The act of clearing away.

Milton.

Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field. Leviticus 23.

Ridden

RID'DEN, or RID, participle passive of ride.

Ridding

RID'DING, participle of the present tense Freeing; clearing; disencumbering.

Riddle

RID'DLE, noun [Saxon hriddel; Welsh rhidyll, from rhidiaw, to secrete, to separate; Cornish ridar or krodar; Armoric ridell or croezr; Irish criathar, a riddle; cratham, to shake; German rÃƒ-¼tteln, to shake, to riddle; Welsh crydu, to shake; allied to rid and to cradle, from driving. See Cradle.]

An instrument for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perforated bottom, which permits the grain to pass through it, but retains the chaff.

Riddle

RID'DLE, verb transitive To separate, as grain from the chaff with a riddle; as, to riddle wheat. [Note. The machines now used have nearly superseded the riddle.]

Riddle

RID'DLE, noun [Saxon roedelse; Dutch raadzel; German rÃƒ-¤thsel; from Saxon roeden, Dutch raaden, German rathen, to counsel or advise, also to guess. See Read.]

1. An enigma; something proposed for conjecture, or that is to be solved by conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition. Judges 14.

Milton.

2. Any thing ambiguous or puzzling.

Hudibras.

Riddle

RID'DLE, verb transitive To solve; to explain; but we generally use unriddle, which is more proper.

Riddle me this, and guess him if you can.

Dryden.

Riddle

RID'DLE, verb intransitive To speak ambiguously, obscurely or enigmatically.

Shak.

Riddler

RID'DLER, noun One who speaks ambiguously or obscurely.

Horne.

Riddlingly

RID'DLINGLY, adverb In the manner of a riddle; secretly.

Donne.

Ride

RIDE, verb intransitive pret. rode or rid; pp. rid, ridden. [Saxon ridan; German reiten; Dutch ryden; Swedish rida; Danish rider; Welsh rhedu, to run; Latin rheda, a chariot or vehicle; Hindoo, ratha, id.; Saxon rad, a riding or a road; Irish ratha, riadh, a running; reatham, to run; ridire, a knight; allied to ready, German bereit; bereiten, to ride, and to get ready. See Ready. Class Rd. No. 5. and 9.]

1. To be carried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle. We ride on a horse, on a camel, in a coach, chariot, wagon, &c.

2. To be borne on or in a fluid. A ship rides at anchor; the ark rode on the flood; a balloon rides in the air.

He rode on a cherub and did fly; yea, he did fly on the wings of the wind. Psalm 18.

3. To be supported in motion.

Strong as the axle-tree

On which heaven rides.

Shak.

4. To practice riding. He rides often for his health.

5. To manage a horse well.

He rode, he fenc'd, he mov'd with graceful ease.

Dryden.

6. To be supported by something subservient; to sit.

On whose foolish honesty

My practices rid easy.

Shak.

To rid easy, in seaman's language, in when a ship does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables.

To ride hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain her cables, masts and hull.

To ride out, as a gale, signifies that a ship does not drive during a storm.

Ride

RIDE, verb transitive To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse.

They ride the air in whirlwind.

Milton.

2. To manage insolently at will; as in priest-ridden.

The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, coblers and brewers.

Swift.

3. To carry. [Local.]

Ride

RIDE, noun An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.

2. A saddle horse. [Local.]

Grose.

3. A road cut in a wood or through a ground for the amusement of riding; a riding.

Rider

RI'DER, noun One who is borne on a horse or other beast, or in a vehicle.

2. One who breaks or manages a horse.

Shak.

3. The matrix of an ore.

Gregory.

4. An inserted leaf or an additional clause, as to a bill in parliament.

5. In ship building, a sort of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ship's hold, opposite to some of the timbers to which they are bolted, and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame.

Mar. Dict.

Ridge

RIDGE, noun [Saxon rig, ricg, hric, hricg, the back; Swedish rygg; Dutch rug; German rÃƒ-¼cken; Icelandic hriggur. The Welsh have rhig, a notch or groove, and rhyÃƒ-§, a trench or furrow between ridges. The Dutch has reeks, a ridge, chain or series, and the Danish rekke is a row, rank, range, a file, and a ridge, from the root of rekker, to reach. If connected with the latter word, the primary sense is to draw or stretch, Latin rugo.]

1. The back or top of the back.

Hudibras.

2. A long or continued range of hills or mountains; or the upper part of such a range. We say, a long ridge of hills, or the highest ridge.

Milton. Ray.

3. A steep elevation, eminence or protuberance.

Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct.

Milton.

4. A long rising land, or a strip of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows. Psalm 65.

Mortimer.

5. The top of the roof of a building.

Moxon.

6. Any long elevation of land.

7. Ridges of a horse's mouth, are wrinkles or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth.

Far. Dict.

Ridge

RIDGE, verb transitive To form a ridge; as bristles that ridge the back of a boar.

Milton.

2. In tillage, to form into ridges with the plow. The farmers in Connecticut ridge their land for maiz, leaving a balk between two ridges.

3. To wrinkle.

Cowper.

Ridgil

RIDG'IL, or RIDG'LING, noun The male of any beast half gelt.

Encyc.

Ridgy

RIDG'Y, adjective Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge.

Dryden.

Ridicule

RID'ICULE, noun [French from Latin ridiculum, from rideo, to laugh or laugh at; French rider, to wrinkle, to bend the brow; Armoric redenna.]

1. Contemptuous laughter; laughter with some degree of contempt; derision. It expresses less than scorn. Ridicule is aimed at what is not only laughable, but improper, absurd or despicable. Sacred subjects should never be treated with ridicule. [See Ludicrous.]

Ridicule is too rough an entertainment for the polished and refined. It is banished from France, and is losing ground in England.

Kames.

2. That species of writing which excites contempt with laughter. It differs from burlesque, which may excite laughter without contempt, or it may provoke derision.

Ibid.

Ridicule and derision are not exactly the same, as derision is applied to persons only, and ridicule to persons or things. We deride the man, but ridicule the man or his performances.

Ridicule

RID'ICULE, verb transitive To laugh at with expressions of contempt; to deride.

2. To treat with contemptuous merriment; to expose to contempt or derision by writing.

Ridicule

RID'ICULE, adjective Ridiculous. [Not in use.]

Ridiculed

RID'ICULED, participle passive Treated with laughter and contempt; derided.

Ridiculer

RID'ICULER, noun One that ridicules.

Chesterfield.

Ridiculing

RID'ICULING, participle of the present tense Laughing at in contempt; exposing to contempt and derision.

Ridiculous

RIDIC'ULOUS, adjective [Latin ridiculus; Italian ridicoloso.]

That may justly excite laughter with contempt; as a ridiculous dress; ridiculous behavior. A fop and a dandy are ridiculous in their dress.

Ridiculously

RIDIC'ULOUSLY, adverb In a manner worthy of contemptnous merriment; as a man ridiculously vain.

Ridiculousness

RIDIC'ULOUSNESS, noun The quality of being ridiculous; as the ridiculousness of worshiping idols.

Riding

RI'DING, participle of the present tense [from ride.] Passing or traveling on a beast or in a vehicle; floating.

2. adjective Employed to travel on any occasion.

No suffragan bishop shall have more than one riding apparitor.

Ayliffe.

Riding

RI'DING, noun A road cut in a wood or through a ground, for the diversion of riding therein.

Sidney. Encyc.

2. [corrupted from trithing, third.] One of the three intermediate jurisdictions between a three and a hundred, into which the county of York, in England, is divided, anciently under the government of a reeve.

Blackstone.

Riding-Clerk

RI'DING-CLERK, noun In England, one of the six clerks in chancery.

Ash.

Riding-Coat

RI'DING-COAT, noun A coat for riding on a journey.

Swift.

Riding-Habit

RI'DING-HABIT, noun A garment worn by females when they ride or travel.

Guardian.

Riding-Hood

RI'DING-HOOD, noun A hood used by females when they ride; a kind of cloke with a hood.

Riding-School

RI'DING-SCHOOL, noun A school or place where the art of riding is taught. It may in some places be called a riding-house.

Ridotto

RIDOT'TO, noun [Italian from Latin reductus.] A public assembly.

2. A musical entertainment consisting of singing and dancing, in the latter of which the whole company join.

Busby.

Rie

RIE. [See Rye.]

Rife

RIFE, adjective [Saxon ryfe. Qu. Hebrew to multiply.]

Prevailing; prevalent. It is used of epidemic diseases.

The plague was then rife in Hungary.

Knolles.

Rifely

RI'FELY, adverb Prevalently; frequently.

It was rifely reported that the Turks were coming in a great fleet.

Knolles.

Rifeness

RI'FENESS, noun Frequency; prevalence.

Arbuthnot.

Riffraff

RIFF'RAFF, noun [French rifler; German raffen, to sweep; Danish rips, raps.] Sweepings; refuse.

Hall.

Rifle

RI'FLE, verb transitive [French rifler, to rifle, to sweep away; allied probably to friper and griveler; German raffen, to sweep; riffeln, to hatchel. This is one of the family of rip, rive, reap, raffle, Latin rapio, Welsh rheibiaw, Dutch ryven, to grate, rub, &c.]

1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away.

Till time shall rifle ev'ry youthful grace.

Pope.

2. To strip; to rob; to pillage; to plunder. You have rifled my master.

L'Estrange.

Rifle

RI'FLE, noun [Danish rifle or riffle, the rifle of a gun; riffelbÃƒ-¶sse, a rifle gun; German reifeln, to chamfer, to rifle. This word belongs to the family of rip, rive, Latin rapio, &c. supra. The word means primarily a channel or groove.]

A gun about the usual length and size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rifled, that is, grooved, or formed with spiral channels.

Rifle

RI'FLE, verb transitive To groove; to channel.

Rifled

RI'FLED, participle passive Seized and carried away by violence; pillaged; channeled.

Rifleman

RI'FLEMAN, noun A man armed with a rifle.

Rifler

RI'FLER, noun A robber; one that seizes and bears away by violence.

Rifling

RI'FLING, participle of the present tense Plundering; seizing and carrying away by violence; grooving.

Rift

RIFT, noun [from rive.] A cleft; a fissure; an opening made by riving or splitting.

Milton. Dryden.

Rift

RIFT, verb transitive To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock.

Milton. Pope.

Rift

RIFT, verb intransitive To burst open; to split.

TimberÃ‚--not apt to rift with ordnance.

Bacon.

2. To belch; to break wind. [Local.]

Rifted

RIFT'ED, participle passive Split; rent; cleft.

Rifting

RIFT'ING, participle of the present tense Splitting; cleaving; bursting.

Rig

RIG, noun [Saxon] A ridge, which see.

Rig

RIG, verb transitive [Saxon wrigan, to put on, to cover, whence Saxon hroegle, a garment, contracted into rail, in night-rail.]

1. To dress; to put on; when applied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous word, to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting or unusual dress.

Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace, with a fether in his cap.

L'Estrange.

2. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.

3. To rig a ship, in seamen's language, is to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their respective masts and yards.

Mar. Dict.

Rig

RIG, noun [See the Verb.] Dress; also, bluster.

2. A romp; a wanton; a strumpet.

To run the rig, to play a wanton trick.

To run the rig upon, to practice a sportive trick on.

Rig

RIG, verb intransitive To play the wanton.

Rigadoon

RIGADOON', noun [French rigodon.] A gay brisk dance performed by one couple, and said to have been borrowed from Provence in France.

Encyc.

Rigation

RIGA'TION, noun [Latin rigatio, from rigo, Greek. See Rain.]

The act of watering; but irrigation is generally used.

Rigged

RIG'GED, participle passive Dressed; furnished with shrouds, stays, &c. as a ship.

Rigger

RIG'GER, noun One that rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship.

Rigging

RIG'GING, participle of the present tense Dressing; fitting with shrouds, braces, &c.

Rigging

RIG'GING, noun Dress; tackle; particularly, the ropes which support the masts, extend and contract the sails, &c. of a ship. This is of two kinds, standing rigging, as the shrouds and stays, and running rigging, such as braces, sheets, halliards, clewlines, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Riggish

RIG'GISH, adjective Wanton; lewd. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Riggle

RIG'GLE, verb intransitive To move one way and the other. [See Wriggle.]

Right

RIGHT, a. rite. [Saxon riht, reht; Dutch regt; German recht; Danish rigtig; Swedish ricktig; Italian retto; Spanish recto; Latin rectus, from the root of rego, properly to strain or stretch, whence straight; Saxon recan. See Class Rg. No. 18. 46. 47.]

Properly, strained; stretched to straightness; hence,

1. Straight. A right line in geometry is the shortest line that can be drawn or imagined between two points. A right line may be horizontal, perpendicular, or inclined to the plane of the horizon.

2. In morals and religion, just; equitable; accordant to the standard of truth and justice or the will of God. That alone is right in the sight of God, which is consonant to his will or law; this being the only perfect standard of truth and justice. In social and political affairs, that is right which is consonant to the laws and customs of a country, provided these laws and customs are not repugnant to the laws of God. A man's intentions may be right, though his actions may be wrong in consequence of a defect in judgment.

3. Fit; suitable; proper; becoming. In things indifferent, or which are regulated by no positive law, that is right which is best suited to the character, occasion or purpose, or which is fitted to produce some good effect. It is right for a rich man to dress himself and his family in expensive clothing, which it would not be right for a poor man to purchase. It is right for every man to choose his own time for eating or exercise.

Right is a relative term; what may be right for one end, may be wrong for another.

4. Lawful; as the right heir of an estate.

5. True; not erroneous or wrong; according to fact.

If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is certainly right, ``let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.'

Locke.

6. Correct; passing a true judgment; not mistaken or wrong.

You are right, justice, and you weigh this well.

Shak.

7. Not left; most convenient or dextrous; as the right hand, which is generally most strong or most convenient in use.

8. Most favorable or convenient.

The lady has been disappointed on the right side.

Spectator.

9. Properly placed, disposed or adjusted; orderly; well regulated.

10. Well performed, as an art or act.

11. Most direct; as the right way from London to Oxford.

12. Being on the same side as the right hand; as the right side.

13. Being on the right hand of a person whose face is towards the mouth of a river; as the right bank of the Hudson.

Right

RIGHT, adverb In a right or straight line; directly.

Let thine eyes look right on. Proverbs 4.

2. According to the law or will of God, or to the standard of truth and justice; as, to judge right.

3. According to any rule of art.

You with strict discipline instructed right.

Roscommon.

4. According to fact or truth; as, to tell a story right.

5. In a great degree; very; as right humble; right noble; right valiant. [Obsolescent or inelegant.]

6. It is prefixed to titles; as in right honorable; right reverend.

Right

RIGHT, is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is right, it is true, &c.

Right, cries his lordship.

Pope.

On the right, on the side with the right hand.

Right

RIGHT, noun Conformity to the will of God, or to his law, the perfect standard of truth and justice. In the literal sense, right is a straight line of conduct, and wrong a crooked one. Right therefore is rectitude or straightness, and perfect rectitude is found only in an infinite Being and his will.

2. Conformity to human laws, or to other human standard of truth, propriety or justice. When laws are definite, right and wrong are easily ascertained and understood. In arts, there are some principles and rules which determine what is right. In many things indifferent, or left without positive law, we are to judge what is right by fitness or propriety, by custom, civility or other circumstances.

3. Justice; that which is due or proper; as, to do right to every man.

Long love to her has borne the faithful knight,

And well deserv'd, had fortune done him right.

Dryden.

4. Freedom from error; conformity with truth or fact.

Seldom your opinions err,

Your eyes are always in the right.

Prior.

5. Just claim; legal title; ownership; the legal power of exclusive possession and enjoyment. In hereditary monarchies, a right to the throne vests in the heir on the decease of the king. A deed vests the right of possession in the purchaser of land. Right and possession are very different things. We often have occasion to demand and sue for rights not in possession.

6. Just claim by courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and decorum. Every man has a right to civil treatment. The magistrate has a right to respect.

7. Just claim by sovereignty; prerogative. God, as the author of all things, has a right to govern and dispose of them at his pleasure.

8. That which justly belongs to one.

Born free, he sought his right.

Dryden.

9. Property; interest.

A subject in his prince may claim a right.

Dryden.

10. Just claim; immunity; privilege. All men have a right to the secure enjoyment of life, personal safety, liberty and property. We deem the right of trial by jury invaluable, particularly in the case of crimes. Rights are natural, civil, political, religious, personal, and public.

11. Authority; legal power. We have no right to disturb others in the enjoyment of their religious opinions.

12. In the United States, a tract of land; or a share or proportion of property, as in a mine or manufactory.

13. The side opposite to the left; as on the right. Look to the right.

To rights, in a direct line; straight. [Unusual.]

Woodward.

2. Directly; soon.

To set to rights, To put to rights, to put into good order; to adjust; to regulate what is out of order.

Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself.

Writ of right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.

Blackstone.

Right

RIGHT, verb transitive To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; as, to right an injured person.

Taylor.

2. In seamen's language, to right a ship, is to restore her to an upright position from a careen.

To right the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship.

Right

RIGHT, verb intransitive To rise with the masts erect, as a ship.

Righted

RIGHTED, participle passive Relieved from injustice; set upright.

Righten

RIGHTEN, verb transitive [Saxon gerihtan.] To do justice to. Obs.

Righteous

RIGHTEOUS, a. ri'chus. [Saxon rihtwise; right and wise, manner, as in otherwise, lengthwise.]

1. Just; accordant to the divine law. Applied to persons, it denotes one who is holy in heart, and observant of the divine commands in practice; as a righteous man. Applied to things, it denotes consonant to the divine will or to justice; as a righteous act. It is used chiefly in theology, and applied to God, to his testimonies and to his saints.

The righteous, in Scripture, denote the servants of God, the saints.

2. Just; equitable; merited.

And I thy righteous doom will bless.

Dryden.

Righteously

RIGHTEOUSLY, adv. ri'chusly. Justly; in accordance with the laws of justice; equitably; as a criminal righteously condemned.

Thou shalt judge the people righteously. Psalm 67.

Righteousness

RIGHTEOUSNESS, n. ri'chusness. Purity of heart and rectitude of life; conformity of heart and life to the divine law. Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it is chiefly used, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law. It includes all we call justice, honesty and virtue, with holy affections; in short, it is true religion.

2. Applied to God, the perfection or holiness of his nature; exact rectitude; faithfulness.

3. The active and passive obedience of Christ, by which the law of God is fulfilled. Danish ix.

4. Justice; equity between man and man. Luke 1.

5. The cause of our justification.

The Lord our righteousness. Jeremiah 23.

Righter

RIGHTER, noun One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.

Rightful

RIGHTFUL, adjective Having the right or just claim according to established laws; as the rightful heir to a throne or an estate.

2. Being by right, or by just claim; as a rightful lord; rightful property; rightful judge.

3. Just; consonant to justice; as a rightful cause; a rightful war.

Prior.

Rightfully

RIGHTFULLY, adverb According to right, law or justice; as a title rightfully vested.

Rightfulness

RIGHTFULNESS, noun Justice; accordance with the rules of right; as the rightfulness of a claim to lands or tenements.

2. Moral rectitude.

But still although we fail of perfect rightfulness. [Not usual.]

Sidney.

Right-Hand

RIGHT-HAND, noun The hand opposite to the left, usually the strongest, most convenient or dextrous hand, and hence its name in other languages, as well as in ours.

Righting

RIGHTING, participle of the present tense Doing justice to; setting upright.

Rightly

RIGHTLY, adverb According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; as duty rightly performed.

2. Properly; fitly; suitably; as a person rightly named.

3. According to truth or fact; not erroneously. He has rightly conjectured.

4. Honestly; uprightly.

Shak.

5. Exactly.

Thou didst not rightly see.

Dryden.

6. Straightly; directly. [Not in use.]

Ascham.

Rightness

RIGHTNESS, noun Correctness; conformity to truth or to the divine will, which is the standard of moral rectitude. It is important that a man should have such persuasion of the rightness of his conscience as to exclude rational doubt.

South.

2. Straightness; as the rightness of a line.

Bacon.

Rigid

RIG'ID, adjective [French rigide; Italian Spanish rigido; Latin rigidus, from rigeo; Greek, to be stiff; stiff, whence Latin frigeo, frigidus; Ethiopic, Hebrew to be still, to be stiff or rigid. Class Rg. No. 3. 27. The primary sense is probably to strain or extend.]

1. Stiff; not pliant; not easily bent. It is applied to bodies or substances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid. We never say, a rigid stone or rigid iron, nor do we say, rigid ice; but we say, an animal body or limb, when cold, is rigid. Rigid is then opposed to flexible, but expresses less than inflexible.

2. Strict in opinion, practice or discipline; severe in temper; opposed to lax or indulgent; as a rigid father or master; a rigid officer.

3. Strict; exact; as a rigid law or rule; rigid discipline; rigid criticism.

4. Severely just; as a rigid sentence or judgment.

5. Exactly according to the sentence or law; as rigid execution.

Rigidity

RIGID'ITY, noun [French rigiditÃƒ-©; Latin rigiditas.]

1. Stiffness; want of pliability; the quality of not being easily bent.

Arbuthnot.

2. A brittle hardness, as opposed to ductility, malleability and softness.

Encyc.

3. Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or airy elegance.

Wotton.

Rigidly

RIG'IDLY, adverb Stiffly; unpliantly.

2. Severely; strictly; exactly; without laxity, indulgence or abatement; as, to judge rigidly; to criticize rigidly; to execute a law rigidly.

Rigidness

RIG'IDNESS, noun Stiffness of a body; the quality of not being easily bent; as the rigidness of a limb or of flesh.

2. Severity of temper; strictness in opinion or practice; but expressing less than inflexibility.

Riglet

RIG'LET, noun [French from Latin regula, rego.] A flat thin piece of wood, used for picture frames; also used in printing, to regulate the margin, &c.

Rigmarole

RIG'MAROLE, noun A repetition of stories; a succession of stories.

Goldsmith.

Rigol

RIG'OL, noun A circle; a diadem.

Shak.

Rigoll

RIG'OLL, noun A musical instrument consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads.

Encyc.

Rigor

RIG'OR, noun [Latin from rigeo, to be stiff; French rigueur.]

1. Stiffness; rigidness; as Gorgonian rigor.

Milton.

2. In medicine, a sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or slight tremor, as in the cold fit of a fever.

Coxe. Encyc. Parr.

3. Stiffness of opinion or temper; severity; sternness.

All his rigor is turned to grief and pity.

Denham.

4. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence or mortification.

Fell.

5. Strictness; exactness without allowance, latitude or indulgence; as the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor.

6. Violence; fury. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

7. Hardness; solidity. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

8. Severity; asperity; as the rigors of a cold winter.

Rigorous

RIG'OROUS, adjective [French rigoureux.] Severe; allowing no abatement or mitigation; as a rigorous officer of justice.

2. Severe; exact; strict; without abatement or relaxation; as a rigorous execution of law; an enforcement of rigorous discipline.

3. Exact; strict; scrupulously accurate; as a rigorous definition or demonstration.

4. Severe; very cold; as a rigorous winter.

Rigorously

RIG'OROUSLY, adverb Severely; without relaxation, abatement or mitigation; as a sentence rigorously executed.

2. Strictly; exactly; with scrupulous nicety; rigidly.

The people would examine his works more rigorously than himself.

Dryden.

Rigorousness

RIG'OROUSNESS, noun Severity without relaxation or mitigation; exactness.

Ash.

2. Severity.

Rill

RILL, noun [In German rille, Welsh rhill, is a groove, trench, channel, the root of drill. In Swedish strila is to run or glide; Danish ryller; to ramble.]

A small brook; a rivulet; a streamlet.

Milton.

Rill

RILL, verb intransitive To run in a small stream, or in streamlets.

Prior.

Rillet

RILL'ET, noun A small stream; a rivulet.

Drayton.

Rim

RIM, noun [Saxon rima and reoma, a rim, a ream; Welsh rhim and rhimp, a rim, edge, termination; hence crimp, a sharp ridge; crimpiaw, to form into a ridge, also to pinch. Rim, like ramp, ramble, is from extending; the extremity. In Russian kroma is a border.]

1. The border, edge or margin of a thing; as the rim of a kettle or bason; usually applied to things circular or curving.

2. The lower part of the belly or abdomen.

Brown.

Rim

RIM, verb transitive To put on a rim or hoop at the border.

Rime

RIME, noun [Saxon rim, number; Welsh rhiv. This is the more correct orthography, but rhyme is commonly used, which see.]

Rime

RIME, noun [Saxon hrim; Icelandic hrym; Dutch rym. The French write this frimas, Armoric frim; probably allied to cream. In German it is reif, Dutch ryp.]

White or hoar frost; congealed dew or vapor.

Bacon.

Rime

RIME, noun [Latin rima; Swedish remna, whence remna, to split; perhaps from the root of rive.]

A chink; a fissure; a rent or long aperture. [Not in use.]

Rime

RIME, verb intransitive To freeze or congeal into hoar frost.

Rimose

RI'MOSE, or RI'MOUS, adjective [Latin rimosus, from rima.] In botany, chinky; abounding with clefts, cracks or chinks; as the bark of trees.

Rimple

RIM'PLE, noun [Saxon hrympelli.] A fold or wrinkle. [See Rumple.]

Rimple

RIM'PLE, verb transitive To rumple; to wrinkle.

Rimpling

RIM'PLING, noun Undulation.

Rimy

RI'MY, adjective [from rime.] Abounding with rime; frosty.

Harvey.

Rind

RIND, noun [Saxon rind or hrind; German rinde; Greek; Welsh croen, skin.]

The bark of a plant; the skin or coat of fruit that may be pared or peeled off; also, the inner bark of trees.

Dryden. Milton. Encyc.

Rind

RIND, verb transitive To bark; to decorticate. [Not in use.]

Rindle

RIN'DLE, noun [from the root of run; Danish rinder, to flow.] A small water course or gutter.

Ash.

Ring

RING, noun [Saxon ring or hring; Dutch ring or kring; German, Dutch Swedish ring, a circle; Swedish kring, about, around. This coincides with ring, to sound, and with wring, to twist; German ringen, to ring or sound, and to wrestle. The sense is to strain or stretch, and n is probably not radical. The root then belongs to Class Rg.]

1. A circle, or a circular line, or any thing in the form of a circular line or hoop. Thus we say of men, they formed themselves in to a ring, to see a wrestling match. Rings of gold were made for the ark. Exodus 25. Rings of gold or other material are worn on the fingers and sometimes in the ears, as ornaments.

2. A circular course.

Place me, O place me in the dusty ring,

Where youthful charioteers contend for glory.

Smith.

Ring

RING, noun [from the verb.] A sound; particularly, the sound of metals; as the ring of a bell.

2. Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices; or sound continued, repeated or reverberated; as the ring of acclamations.

Bacon.

3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned.

Prior.

Ring

RING, verb transitive pret. and pp. rung. [Saxon ringan, hringan; German, Dutch ringen; Swedish ringa; Danish ringer.]

To cause to sound, particularly by striking a metallic body; as, to ring a bell. This word expresses appropriately the sounding of metals.

Ring

RING, verb transitive [from the noun.] To encircle.

Shak.

2. To fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine's snout. Farmers ring swine to prevent their rooting.

And ring these fingers with thy household worms.

Shak.

Ring

RING, verb intransitive To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one.

Dryden.

2. To practice the art of making music with bells.

Holder.

3. To sound; to resound.

With sweeter notes each rising temple rung.

Pope.

4. To utter, as a bell; to sound.

The shardborn beetle with his drowsy hums,

Hath rung night's yawning peal.

Shak.

5. To tinkle; to have the sensation of sound continued.

My ears still ring with noise.

Dryden.

6. To be filled with report or talk. The whole town rings with his fame.

Ring-Bolt

RING'-BOLT, noun An iron bolt with an eye to which is fitted a ring of iron.

Mar. Dict.

Ring-Bone

RING'-BONE, noun A callus growing in the hollow circle of the little pastern of a horse, just above the coronet.

Far. Dict.

Ringdove

RING'DOVE, noun [German ringeltaube.] A species of pigeon, the Columba palumbus, the largest of the European species.

Encyc.

Ringent

RING'ENT, adjective [Latin ringor, to make wry faces, that is, to wring or twist.]

In botany, a ringent or labiate corol is one which is irregular, monopetalous, with the border usually divided into two parts, called the upper and lower lip; or irregular and gaping, like the mouth of an animal.

Martyn. Smith.

Ringer

RING'ER, noun One who rings. [In the sense of wringer, not used.]

Ringing

RING'ING, participle of the present tense Causing to sound, as a bell; sounding; fitting with rings.

Ringing

RING'ING, noun The act of sounding or of causing to sound.

Ringlead

RING'LEAD, verb transitive To conduct. [Little used.]

Ringleader

RING'LEADER, noun [ring and leader.] The leader of any association of men engaged in violation of law or an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers and the like. This name is derived from the practice which men associating to oppose law have sometimes adopted, of signing their names to articles of agreement in a ring, that no one of their number might be distinguished as the leader.

Ringlet

RING'LET, noun [dim. of ring.] A small ring.

Pope.

2. A curl; particularly, a curl of hair.

Her golden tresses in wanton ringlets wav'd.

Milton.

3. A circle.

To dance our ringlets in the whistling wind.

Shak.

Ring-Ousel

RING'-OUSEL, noun A bird of the ? Turdas, (T. torquatus,) inhabiting the hilly and mountainous parts of German Britain.

Ed. Encyc.

Ring-Streaked

RING'-STREAKED, adjective [ring and streak.] Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as ring-streaked goats. Genesis 30.

Ring-Tail

RING'-TAIL, noun [ring and tail.] A kind of kite with a whitish tail.

Bailey.

2. A small quadrilateral sail, set on a small mast on a ship's tafferel.

Ring-Worm

RING'-WORM, noun [ring and worm.] A circular eruption on the skin; a kind of tetter. [Herpes serpigo. Sauvages.]

Wiseman. Parr.

Rinse

RINSE, v. t. rins. [Swedish rensa or rena, to cleanse or purify; Danish renser, to clean, to purge, to purify, to scour; Saxon Dutch German rein, clean; French rincer; Armoric rinsa, rinsein. Our common people pronounce this word rens, retaining their native pronunciation. This is one of a thousand instances in which the purity of our vernacular language has been corrupted by those who have understood French better than their mother tongue.]

1. To wash; to cleanse by washing. But in present usage,

2. To cleanse with a second or repeated application of water, after washing. We distinguish washing from rinsing. Washing is performed by rubbing, or with the use of soap; rinsing is performed with clean water, without much rubbing or the use of soap. Clothes are rinsed by dipping and dashing; and vessels are rinsed by dashing water on them, or by slight rubbing. A close barrel may be rinsed, but cannot well be washed.

Rinsed

RINS'ED, participle passive Cleansed with a second water; cleaned.

Rinser

RINS'ER, noun One that rinses.

Rinsing

RINS'ING, participle of the present tense Cleansing with a second water.

Riot

RI'OT, noun [Norm. riotti; Italian riotta; French riote, a brawl or tumult. The Welsh broth, brwth, commotion, may be from the same root with a prefix, which would connect this word with brydian, brydiaw, to heat, to boil. The Spanish has alboroto, and Portugese alvoroto, in a like sense. In Danish, rutter is to drink hard, to riot. The primary sense is probably noise or agitation.]

1. In a general sense, tumult; uproar; hence technically, in law, a riotous assembling of twelve persons or more, and not dispersing upon proclamation.

Blackstone.

The definition of riot must depend on the laws. In Connecticut, the assembling of three persons or more, to do an unlawful act by violence against the person or property of another, and not dispersing upon proclamation, is declared to be a riot. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the number necessary to constitute a riot is twelve.

2. Uproar; wild and noisy festivity.

Milton.

3. Excessive and expensive feasting. 2 Peter 2.

4. Luxury.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day.

Pope.

To run riot, to act or move without control or restraint.

Swift.

Riot

RI'OT, verb intransitive [French rioter; Italian riottare.] To revel; to run to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgences.

2. To luxuriate; to be highly excited.

No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows.

Pope.

3. To banquet; to live in luxury; to enjoy.

How base is the ingratitude which forgets the benefactor, while it is rioting on the benefit!

Dwight.

4. To raise an uproar or sedition.

Johnson.

Rioter

RI'OTER, noun One who indulges in loose festivity or excessive feasting.

2. In law, one guilty of meeting with others to do an unlawful act, and declining to retire upon proclamation.

Rioting

RI'OTING, participle of the present tense Reveling; indulging in excessive feasting.

Rioting

RI'OTING, noun A reveling.

Riotise

RI'OTISE, noun Dissoluteness; luxury. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Riotous

RI'OTOUS, adjective [Italian riottoso.] Luxurious; wanton or licentious in festive indulgencies; as riotous eaters of flesh. Proverbs 23.

2. Consisting of riot; tumultuous; partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly; seditious.

3. Guilty of riot; applied to persons.

Riotously

RI'OTOUSLY, adverb With excessive or licentious luxury.

Ecclus.

2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly; tumultuously; seditiously.

Riotousness

RI'OTOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being riotous.

Rip

RIP, verb transitive [Saxon rypan, ryppan, hrypan; Swedish rifva; Danish river. This belongs to the great family of Saxon reafian, Latin rapio, Irish reabam, reap and rive; allied perhaps to the Latin crepo, French crever.]

1. To separate by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip open a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip open a sack; to rip off the shingles or clapboards of a house; to rip up a floor. We never use lacerate in these senses, but apply it to a partial tearing of the skin and flesh.

2. To take out or away by cutting or tearing.

Otway.

He'll rip the fatal secret from her heart.

Granville.

3. To tear up for search or disclosure or for alteration; to search to the bottom; with up.

You rip up the original of Scotland.

Spenser.

They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion.

Clarendon.

4. To rip out, as an oath. [This seems to be the Dutch roepen, Saxon hreopan, to cry out; allied to Latin crepo, French crever.]

Rip

RIP, noun A tearing; a place torn; laceration.

Addison.

2. A wicker basket to carry fish in.

Cowel.

3. Refuse. [Not in use or local.]

Ripe

RIPE, adjective [Saxon ripe, gerip; Dutch ryp; German reif. The Saxon word signifies harvest, a reap or reaping; ripa, a handful of corn; ripan, to reap; ripian, to ripen.]

1. Brought to perfection in growth or to the best state; mature; fit for use; as ripe fruit; ripe corn.

2. Advanced to perfection; matured; as ripe judgment, or ripe in judgment.

3. Finished; consummate; as a ripe scholar.

4. Brought to the point of taking effect; matured; ready; prepared; as things just ripe for war.

Addison.

5. Fully qualified by improvement; prepared; as a student ripe for the university; a saint ripe for heaven.

Fell. Dryden.

6. Resembling the ripeness of fruit; as a ripe lip.

Shak.

7. Complete; proper for use.

When time is ripe.

Shak.

8. Maturated; suppurated; as an abscess or tumor.

Ripe

RIPE, verb intransitive To ripen; to grow ripe; to be matured. [Not used. See Ripen.]

Shak.

Ripe

RIPE, verb transitive To mature; to ripen. [Not used.]

Shak.

Ripely

RI'PELY, adverb Maturely; at the fit time.

Shak.

Ripen

RIPEN, v. i. ri'pm. [Saxon ripian; Dutch rypen; German reifen.]

1. To grow ripe; to be matured; as grain or fruit. Grain ripens best in dry weather.

2. To approach or come to perfection; to be fitted or prepared; as, a project is ripening for execution.

Ripen

RIPEN, v. t. ri'pn. To mature; to make ripe; as grain or fruit.

2. To mature; to fit or prepare; as, to ripen one for heaven.

3. To bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment.

Ripeness

RI'PENESS, noun The state of being ripe or brought to that state of perfection which fits for use; maturity; as the ripeness of grain.

2. Full growth.

Time which made them their fame outlive.

To Cowley scarce did ripeness give.

Denham.

3. Perfection; completeness; as the ripeness of virtue, wisdom or judgment.

4. Fitness; qualification.

Shak.

5. Complete maturation or suppuration, as of an ulcer or abscess.

6. A state of preparation; as the ripeness of a project for execution.

Riphean

RIPHE'AN, adjective An epithet given to certain mountains in the north of Asia, probably signifying snowy mountains.

Ripier

RIP'IER, or RIP'PER, noun In old laws, one who brings fish to market in the inland country.

Cowel.

Ripped

RIP'PED, participle passive Torn or cut off or out; torn open.

Ripper

RIP'PER, noun One who tears or cuts open.

Ripping

RIP'PING, participle of the present tense Cutting or tearing off or open; tearing up.

Ripping

RIP'PING, noun A tearing.

2. A discovery. Obs.

Spenser.

Ripple

RIP'PLE, verb intransitive [In Danish ripper is to stir or agitate; in German riffe is a hatchel; and riffeln, to hatchel; in Saxon gerifled is wrinkled. Ripple is probably allied to rip.]

To fret on the surface; as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom, appears rough and broken, or as if ripped or torn.

Ripple

RIP'PLE, verb transitive [German riffeln, to hatchel.] To clean, as flax.

Ray.

2. To agitate the surface of water.

Ripple

RIP'PLE, noun The fretting of the surface of water; little curling waves.

2. A large comb or hatchel for cleaning flax.

Rippling

RIP'PLING, participle of the present tense Fretting on the surface.

Rippling

RIP'PLING, noun The ripple dashing on the shore, or the noise of it.

Pennant.

2. The act or method of cleaning flax; a hatcheling.

Ript

RIPT, participle passive for ripped.

Riptowell

RIP'TOWELL, noun A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn.

Bailey. Todd.

Rise

RISE, v. i. rize. pret. rose; pp. risen; pron. roze, rizn. [Saxon arisan; Dutch ryzen; Gothic reisan, in ur-reisan, to rise, and ur-raisyan, to raise. See Raise.]

1. To move or pass upward in any manner; to ascend; as, a fog rises from a river or from low ground; a fish rises in water; fowls rise in the air; clouds rise from the horizon towards the meridian; a balloon rises above the clouds.

2. To get up; to leave the place of sleep or rest; as, to rise from bed.

3. To get up or move from any recumbent to an erect posture; as, to rise after a fall.

4. To get up from a seat; to leave a sitting posture; as, to rise from a sofa or chair.

5. To spring; to grow; as a plant; hence, to be high or tall. A tree rises to the highth of 60 feet.

6. To swell in quantity or extent; to be more elevated; as, a river rises after a rain.

7. To break forth; to appear; as, a boil rises on the skin.

8. To appear above the horizon; to shine; as, the sun or a star rises.

He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good. Matthew 5.

9. To begin to exist; to originate; to come into being or notice. Great evils sometimes rise from small imprudences.

10. To be excited; to begin to move or act; as, the wind rose at 12 o'clock.

11. To increase in violence. The wind continued to rise till 3 o'clock.

12. To appear in view; as, to rise up to the reader's view.

Addison.

13. To appear in sight; also, to appear more elevated; as in sailing towards a shore, the land rises.

14. To change a station; to leave a place; as, to rise from a siege.

Knolles.

15. To spring; to be excited or produced. A thought now rises in my mind.

16. To gain elevation in rank, fortune or public estimation; to be promoted. Men may rise by industry, by merit, by favor, or by intrigue.

Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.

Shak.

When the wicked rise, men hide themselves. Proverbs 28.

17. To break forth into public commotions; to make open opposition to government; or to assemble and oppose government; or to assemble in arms for attacking another nation. The Greeks have risen against their oppressors.

No more shall nation against nation rise.

Pope.

18. To be excited or roused into action.

Rise up to the battle. Jeremiah 49.

19. To make a hostile attack; as when a man riseth against his neighbor. Deuteronomy 22.

Also, to rebel. 2 Samuel 18.

20. To increase; to swell; to grow more or greater. A voice, feeble at first, rises to thunder. The price of goods rises. The heat rises to intensity.

21. To be improved; to recover from depression; as, a family may rise after misfortune to opulence and splendor.

22. To elevate the style or manner; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence.

23. To be revived from death.

The dead in Christ shall rise first. 1 Thessalonians 4.

24. To come by chance.

Spenser.

25. To ascend; to be elevated above the level or surface; as, the ground rises gradually one hundred yards. The Andes rise more than 20,000 feet above the level of the ocean; a mountain in Asia is said to rise still higher.

26. To proceed from.

A scepter shall rise out of Israel. Numbers 24.

27. To have its sources in. Rivers rise in lakes, ponds and springs.

28. To be moved, roused, excited, kindled or inflamed, as passion. His wrath rose to rage.

29. To ascend in the diatonic scale; as, to rise a tone or semitone.

30. To amount. The public debt rises to a hundred millions.

31. To close a session. We say, congress will rise on the 4th of March; the legislature or the court will rise on a certain day.

This verb is written also arise, which see. In general, it is indifferent which orthography is used; but custom has, in some cases, established one to the exclusion of the other. Thus we never say, the price of goods arises, when we mean advances, but we always say, the price rises. We never say, the ground arises to a certain altitude, and rarely, a man arises into an office or station. It is hardly possible to class or define the cases in which usage has established a difference in the orthography of this verb. A knowledge of these cases must be acquired by observation.

Rise

RISE, n. rise. The act of rising, either in a literal or figurative sense; ascent; as the rise of vapor in the air; the rise of mercury in the barometer; the rise of water in a river.

2. The act of springing or mounting from the ground; as the rise of the feet in leaping.

3. Ascent; elevation, or degree of ascent; as the rise of a hill or mountain.

4. Spring; source; origin; as the rise of a stream in a mountain. All sin has its rise in the heart.

5. Any place elevated above the common level; as a rise of land.

6. Appearance above the horizon; as the rise of the sun or a star.

7. Increase; advance; as a rise in the price of wheat.

8. Advance in rank, honor, property or fame. Observe a man after his rise to office, or a family after its rise from obscurity.

9. Increase of sound on the same key; a swelling of the voice.

10. Elevation or ascent of the voice in the diatonic scale; as a rise of a tone or semitone.

11. Increase; augmentation.

12. [Dutch rys; from the verb.] A bough or branch. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Risen

RIS'EN, participle passive [See Rise.]

Riser

RI'SER, noun One that rises; as an early riser.

2. Among joiners, the upright board of a stair.

Risibility

RISIBIL'ITY, noun [from risible.] The quality of laughing, or of being capable of laughter. Risibility is peculiar to the human species.

2. Proneness to laugh.

Risible

RI'SIBLE, adjective [French risible; Latin risibilis, from rideo, risi, to laugh. See Ridiculous.]

1. Having the faculty or power of laughing. Man is a risible animal.

2. Laughable; capable of exciting laughter. The description of Falstaff in Shakspeare, exhibits a risible scene. Risible differs from ludicrous, as species from genus; ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; risible, that which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter implies something mean or contemptible, and risible does not.

Rising

RI'SING, participle of the present tense Getting up; ascending; mounting; springing; proceeding from; advancing; swelling; increasing; appearing above the horizon; reviving from death, &c.

2. Increasing in wealth, power or distinction; as a rising state; a rising character.

Rising

RI'SING, noun The act of getting up from any recumbent or sitting posture.

2. The act of ascending; as the rising of vapor.

3. The act of closing a session, as of a public body; as the rising of the legislature.

4. The appearance of the sun or a star above the horizon.

5. The act of reviving from the dead; resurrection. Mark 9.

6. A tumor on the body. Leviticus 13.

7. An assembling in opposition to government; insurrection; sedition or mutiny.

Risk

RISK, noun [French risque; Armoric risql; Spanish riesgo; Portugese risco; Italian rischio, risk, danger, peril; French risquer, Armoric risqla, Spanish arriesgar, Portugese arriscar, to risk. The sense is a pushing forward, a rushing, as in rash. Qu. Danish dristig, bold, rash; drister, to dare; Swedish drista, to trust, to be bold, hardy or rash. In Portuguese, risco signifies not only hazard, but a stroke, a dash, and with painters, delineation; riscar signifies to dash or strike out with a pen, to erase. The primary sense then is to throw or dash, or to rush, to drive forward. See Peril, Rash and Rush.]

1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to harm. He, at the risk of his life, saved a drowning man.

2. In commerce, the hazard of loss, either of ship, goods or other property. Hence, risk signifies also the degree of hazard or danger; for the premiums of insurance are calculated upon the risk. The underwriters now take risks at a low premium.

To run a risk, is to incur hazard; to encounter danger.

Risk

RISK, verb transitive To hazard; to endanger; to expose to injury or loss; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication; to risk life in defense of rights.

2. To venture; to dare to undertake; as, to risk a battle or combat.

Risked

RISK'ED, participle passive Hazarded; exposed to injury or loss.

Risker

RISK'ER, noun One who hazards.

Risking

RISK'ING, participle of the present tense Hazarding; exposing to injury or loss.

Risse

RISSE, obsolete pret. of rise.

B. Jonson.

Rite

RITE, noun [French rit, rite; Latin ritus; Italian Spanish rito; Sanscrit riti, service.]

The manner of performing divine or solemn service as established by law, precept or custom; formal act of religion, or other solemn duty. The rites of the Israelites were numerous and expensive; the rites of modern churches are more simple. Funeral rites are very different in different countries. The sacrament is a holy rite.

Hammond.

Ritornello

RITORNEL'LO, noun [Italian from ritorno, return, or ritornare, to return.]

In music, a repeat; the burden of a song, or the repetition of a verse or strain.

Ritual

RIT'UAL, adjective [Italian rituale.] Pertaining to rites; consisting of rites; as ritual service or sacrifices.

Prior.

2. Prescribing rites; as the ritual law.

Ritual

RIT'UAL, noun A book containing the rites to be observed, or the manner of performing divine service in a particular church, diocese or the like.

Encyc.

Ritualist

RIT'UALIST, noun One skilled in the ritual.

Gregory.

Ritually

RIT'UALLY, adverb By rites; or by a particular rite.

Selden.

Rivage

RIV'AGE, noun [French from rive, bank.] A bank, shore or coast. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Rival

RI'VAL, noun [Latin rivalis; French Spanish rival; Italian rivale; Irish rioblach; Hebrew to contend, to strive; Danish rives, to strive; Spanish rifa, strife, raffle; rifar, to dispute, quarrel or raffle, and to split a sail. Qu. to rive or rip. See Raffle.]

1. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can possess; a competitor; as rivals in love; rivals for a crown. Love will not patiently bear a rival.

2. One striving to equal or exceed another in excellence; as two rivals in eloquence.

3. An antagonist; a competitor in any pursuit or strife.

Rival

RI'VAL, adjective Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions.

Equal in years and rival in renown.

Dryden.

Rival

RI'VAL, verb transitive To stand in competition with; to strive to gain the object which another is contending for; as, to rival one in love.

2. To strive to equal or excel; to emulate.

To rival thunder in its rapid course.

Dryden.

Rival

RI'VAL, verb intransitive To be competitors. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rivality

RIVAL'ITY, noun Rivalry. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rivalry

RI'VALRY, noun [from rival.] Competition; a strife or effort to obtain an object which another is pursuing; as rivalry in love; or an endeavor to equal or surpass another in some excellence; emulation; as rivalry for superiority at the bar or in the senate.

Rivalship

RI'VALSHIP, noun The state or character of a rival.

B. Jonson.

2. Strife; contention for superiority; emulation; rivalry.

Rive

RIVE, verb transitive pret. rived; pp. rived or riven. [Danish revner, to split; river, to pluck off or away, to rake; Swedish rifva, to pull asunder, to burst or rend, to rake, to tear; Icelandic rifa, Swedish refva, a chink or crevice; French crever, whence crevasse, crevice; Russian rvu; allied to Latin rumpo, rupi. It may be allied to the family of Latin rapio, reap, rip.]

To split; to cleave; to rend asunder by force; as, to rive timber for rails or shingles with wedges; the riven oak; the riven clouds.

Dryden. Milton.

The scolding winds

Have riv'd the knotty oaks.

Shak.

Rive

RIVE, verb intransitive To be split or rent asunder.

Freestone rives, splits and breaks in any direction.

Woodward.

Rivel

RIV'EL, verb transitive [Saxon gerifled, wrinkled; from the root of Danish river, to draw, to wrest, Swedish rifva. This word is obsolete, but shrivel, from the same root, is in use. It may be allied to ruffle.]

To contract into wrinkles; to shrink; as riveled fruits; riveled flowers.

Dryden. Pope.

Riven

RIV'EN, participle passive of rive. Split; rent or burst asunder.

River

RI'VER, noun One who rives or splits.

River

RIV'ER, noun [French riviÃƒ-¨re; Armoric rifyer; Cornish ryvier; Italian riviera; from Latin rivus, rivulus; Dutch rivier. The Italian word signifies a river, and a bank or shore, Latin ripa, Spanish ribera.]

1. A large stream of water flowing in a channel on land towards the ocean, a lake or another river. It is larger than a rivulet or brook; but is applied to any stream from the size of a mill-stream to that of the Danube, Maranon and Mississippi. We give this name to large streams which admit the tide and mingle salt water with fresh, as the rivers Hudson, Delaware and St. Lawrence.

2. A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as rivers of blood; rivers of oil.

River-Dragon

RIV'ER-DRAGON, noun A crocodile; a name given by Milton to the king of Egypt.

Riveret

RIV'ERET, noun A small river. [Not in use.]

River-God

RIV'ER-GOD, noun A deity supposed to preside over a river, as its tutelary divinity; a naiad.

Lempriere.

River-Horse

RIV'ER-HORSE, noun The hippopotamus, an animal inhabiting rivers.

Milton.

River-Water

RIV'ER-WATER, noun The water of a river, as distinguished from rain-water.

Rivet

RIV'ET, verb transitive [Italian ribadire; Portugese rebitar. These are compounds of a verb with re for a prefix. The Spanish has roblar. The French river, and Armoric riva or rinva, would seem to be the Hebrew to drive.]

1. To fasten with a rivet or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron.

2. To clinch; as, to rivet a pin or bolt.

Moxon.

3. To fasten firmly; to make firm, strong or immovable; as, to rivet friendship or affection.

Atterbury.

Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye pow'rs.

Congreve.

Rivet

RIV'ET, noun A pin of iron or other metal with a head, driven through a piece of timber or metal, and the point bent or spread and beat down fast, to prevent its being drawn out; or a pin or bolt clinched at both ends.

Riveted

RIV'ETED, participle passive Clinched; made fast.

Riveting

RIV'ETING, participle of the present tense Clinching; fastening firmly.

Rivulet

RIV'ULET, noun [Latin rivulus.] A small stream or brook; a streamlet.

By fountain or by shady rivulet,

He sought them.

Milton.

Rixation

RIXA'TION, noun [Latin rixatio, from rixor, to brawl or quarrel.]

A brawl or quarrel. [Not in use.]

Rix-Dollar

RIX-DOL'LAR, noun [German reichsthaler; Dutch ryksdaalder; Swedish riksdaler; Danish rigsdaler; the dollar of the realm.]

A silver coin of Germany, Denmark and Sweden, of different value in different places. In Hamburg and some other parts of Germany, its value is the same as the American dollar, or 4-6d. sterling. In other parts of Germany, its value is 3-6d. sterling, or about 78 cents.

Roach

ROACH, noun [Saxon reohche, hreoce; German roche; Danish rokke; Swedish rocka; French rouget, from the root of rouge, red.]

A fish of the genus Cyprinus, found in fresh water, easily caught and tolerably good for food.

As sound as a roach, is a phrase supposed to have been originally, as sound as a rock, (French roche.)

Road

ROAD, noun [Saxon rad, rade, a ride, a passing or traveling on horseback, a way, a road, corresponding with the German reise, Dutch reis, Danish rejse, Swedish resa; but in the sense of a place for anchoring ships, the French has rade, Spanish rada, German, Dutch reede, Swedish redd, Danish rede, reed. In the sense of way, the Spanish has rauta, Welsh rhawd, all connected with ride, Welsh rhedw, to run, and Latin gradior, Welsh rhodiaw, to walk or go. The Slavonic has brud, and the Bohemian brod, a way. See Grade.]

1. An open way or public passage; ground appropriated for travel, forming a communication between one city, town or place and another. The word is generally applied to highways, and as a generic term it includes highway, street and lane. The military roads of the Romans were paved with stone, or formed of gravel or pebbles, and some of them remain to this day entire.

2. A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a place for riding, meaning at anchor.

3. A journey. [Not used, but we still use ride as a noun; as a long ride; a short ride; the same word differently written.]

Milton.

4. An inroad; incursion of an enemy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

On the road, passing; traveling.

Law.

Roader

ROADER, or ROADSTER, noun Among seamen, a vessel riding at anchor in a road or bay.

Mar. Dict.

Roadstead

ROADSTEAD. [See Road.]

Roadway

ROADWAY, noun A highway. [Tautological.]

Shak.

Roam

ROAM, verb intransitive [If m is radical, this word seems to be connected with ramble, Latin ramus. In Welsh rhamu is to rise over, to soar, to vault; whence rhamant, a rising boldly, romance; rhem, rhum, something projecting; rhim, rim, the exterior part of a thing; Arabic to exceed, to depart. Class Rm. No. 5. See also No. 9. and 23.]

To wander; to ramble; to rove; to walk or move about from place to place without any certain purpose or direction. The wolf and the savage roam in the forest.

Daphne roaming through a thorny wood.

Shak.

Roam

ROAM, verb transitive To range; to wander over; as, to roam the woods; but the phrase is elliptical.

Milton.

Roamer

ROAMER, noun A wanderer; a rover; a rambler; a vagrant.

Roaming

ROAMING, participle of the present tense Wandering; roving.

Roaming

ROAMING, noun The act of wandering.

Roan

ROAN, adjective [French rouan.] A roan horse is one that is of a bay, sorrel or dark color, with spots of gray or white thickly interspersed.

Far. Dict.

Roan-Tree

ROAN-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Sorbus; the mountain ash.

Lee.

Roar

ROAR, verb intransitive [Saxon rarian, to roar; Welsh rhawr, the roaring of the sea.]

1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound; to bellow, as a beast; as a roaring bull; a roaring lion.

Shak. Dryden.

2. To cry aloud, as in distress.

The suff'ring chief

Roar'd out for anguish.

Dryden.

3. To cry aloud; to bawl; as a child.

4. To cause a loud continued sound. We say, the sea or the wind roars; a company roar in acclamation.

5. To make a loud noise.

The brazen throat of war had ceas'd to roar.

Milton.

Roar

ROAR, noun A full loud sound of some continuance; the cry of a beast; as the roar of a lion or bull.

2. The loud cry of a child or person in distress.

3. Clamor; outcry of joy or mirth; as a roar of laughter. He set the company in a roar.

4. The loud continued sound of the sea in a storm, or the howling of a tempest.

Philips.

5. Any loud sound of some continuance; as the roar of cannon.

Roarer

ROARER, noun One that roars, man or beast.

Roaring

ROARING, participle of the present tense Crying like a bull or lion; uttering a deep loud sound.

Roaring

ROARING, noun The cry of a lion or other beast; outcry of distress, Job 3.; loud continued sound of the billows of the sea or of a tempest. Isaiah 5.

Roary

ROARY, adjective Dewy; more properly rory.

Roast

ROAST, verb transitive [Welsh rhostiaw; Irish rostam; Armoric rosta; French rotir; Italian arrostire; Dutch roosten; German rÃƒ-¶sten; Swedish rosta; Danish rister, to roast, and rist, a gridiron, German rost. If the verb is from the noun, the sense is to dress or cook on a gridiron or grate, and rist, rost, coincide in elements with Latin rastellum, a rake. If the verb is the root, the sense probably is to contract or crisp, or to throw or agitate, hence to make rough. The Welsh has also crasu, to roast, from crÃƒ-¢s. This coincides with crisp.]

1. To cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing it to heat, as on a spit, in a bake-pan, in an oven or the like. We now say, to roast meat on a spit, in a pan, or in a tin oven, &c.; to bake meat in an oven; to broil meat on a gridiron.

2. To prepare for food by exposure to heat; as, to roast apples or potatoes; to roast eggs.

3. To heat to excess; to heat violently.

Roasted in wrath and fire.

Shak.

4. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee.

5. In metallurgy, to dissipate the volatile parts of ore by heat.

6. In common discourse, to jeer; to banter severely.

Scott.

Roast

ROAST, noun That which is roasted.

Roast

ROAST, adjective [for roasted.] Roasted; as roast beef.

Roast

ROAST, noun In the phrase, to rule the roast, this word is a corrupt pronunciation of the German rath, counsel, Danish Dutch raad, Swedish rÃƒ-¥d.

Roasted

ROASTED, participle passive Dressed by exposure to heat on a spit.

Roaster

ROASTER, noun One that roasts meat; also, a gridiron.

2. A pig for roasting.

Roasting

ROASTING, participle of the present tense Preparing for the table by exposure to heat on a spit; drying and parching.

2. Bantering with severity.

Roasting

ROASTING, noun A severe teasing or bantering.

Rob

ROB, noun [Spanish rob; Arabic rauba, to be thick.]

The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve.

Spanish Dict.

Rob

ROB, verb transitive [German rauben; Dutch rooven; Swedish roffa and r?fva; Danish rÃƒ-¶ver; Italian rubare; Spanish robar; Portugese roubar; Pers. robodan. This word has the elements of Welsh rhaib, a snatching, Saxon reafian, Latin rapio, French ravir. Class Rb. No. 26. 27. 29. 30.]

1. In law, to take from the person of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him in fear; as, to rob a passenger on the road.

Blackstone.

2. To seize and carry from any thing by violence and with felonious intent; as, to rob a coach; to rob the mail.

3. To plunder; to strip unlawfully; as, to rob an orchard; to rob a man of his just praise.

4. To take away by oppression or by violence.

Rob not the poor because he is poor. Proverbs 22.

5. To take from; to deprive. A large tree robs smaller plants near it of their nourishment.

6. In a loose sense, to steal; to take privately without permission of the owner.

Tooke.

7. To withhold what is due. Malachi 3.

Roballo

ROBAL'LO, noun A fish found in Mexico, which affords a most delicate food.

Clavigero.

Robbe

ROB'BE, noun [German] The sea dog or seal.

Robbed

ROB'BED, participle passive Deprived feloniously and by violence; plundered; seized and carried away by violence.

Robber

ROB'BER, noun In law, one that takes goods or money from the person of another by force or menaces, and with a felonious intent.

Blackstone.

2. In a looser sense, one who takes that to which he has no right; one who steals, plunders or strips by violence and wrong.

Robbery

ROB'BERY, noun In law, the forcible and felonious taking from the person of another any money or goods, putting him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or personal injury. Robbery differs from theft, as it is a violent felonious taking from the person or presence of another; whereas theft is a felonious taking of goods privately from the person, dwelling, &c. of another. These words should not be confounded.

2. A plundering; a pillaging; a taking away by violence, wrong or oppression.

Robbing

ROB'BING, participle of the present tense Feloniously taking from the person of another; putting him in fear; stripping; plundering; taking from another unlawfully or by wrong or oppression.

Robbins

ROB'BINS, or ROPE-BANDS, noun [rope and bands.] Short flat plaited pieces of rope with an eye in one end, used in pairs to tie the upper edges of square sails to their yards.

Mar. Dict.

Robe

ROBE, noun [French robe; Spanish ropa; Portugese roupa; Irish roba; Italian roba, a robe, and goods or estate; far roba, to get money; robone, a long gown; robbiccia, trifles, idle stuff. The Spanish and Portuguese words signify clothing in general, cloth, stuff, wearing apparel, also a loose garment worn over the rest, a gown; Spanish ropage is wearing apparel, drapery; roperia, the trade of dealers in clothes. In Spanish and Portugese then the word coincides with the French drap, drapery and frippery. In Saxon reaf is clothing in general, and spoil, plunder, from reafian, to rob. From these facts, let the reader judge whether this word had its origin in rubbing, like wearing apparel, or from stripping, the name being originally given to skins, the primitive clothing of rude nations.]

1. A kind of gown or long loose garment worn over other dress, particularly by persons in elevated stations. The robe is properly a dress of state or dignity, as of princes, judges, priests, &c. See Exodus 29:55. 1 Samuel 24:4. Matthew 27:28.

2. A splendid female gown or garment. 2 Samuel 13.

3. An elegant dress; splendid attire.

4. In Scripture, the vesture of purity or righteousness, and of happiness. Job 29. Luke 15.

Robe

ROBE, verb transitive To put on a robe; or to dress with magnificence; to array.

Pope. Thomson.

2. To dress; to invest, as with beauty or elegance; as fields robed with green.

Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it in the brightest smiles of spring.

Wirt.

Robed

RO'BED, participle passive Dressed with a robe; arrayed with elegance.

Robersman

ROB'ERSMAN, or ROB'ERTSMAN, noun In the old statutes of England, a bold stout robber or night thief, said to be so called from Robinhood, a famous robber.

Johnson.

Robert

ROB'ERT, or HERB-ROBERT, noun A plant of the genus Geranium; stork's bill.

Fam. of Plants. Ainsworth.

Robertine

ROB'ERTINE, noun One of an order of monks, so called from Robert Flower, the founder, A. Dutch 1187.

Robin

ROB'IN, noun [Latin rubecula, from rubeo, to be red.]

1. A bird of the genus Motacilla, called also redbreast. This is the English application of the word.

2. In the United States, a bird with a red breast, a species of Turdus.

Robin-Goodfellow

ROBIN-GOODFELLOW, noun An old domestic goblin.

Dering.

Roborant

ROB'ORANT, adjective [Latin roborans, roboro.] Strengthening.

Roborant

ROB'ORANT, noun A medicine that strengthens; but corroborant is generally used.

Roboration

ROBORA'TION, noun [from Latin roboro, from robur, strength.]

A strengthening. [Little used.]

Coles.

Roboreous

ROBO'REOUS, adjective [Latin roboreus, from robur, strength, and an oak.]

Made of oak.

Dict.

Robust

ROBUST', adjective [Latin robustus, from robur, strength.]

1. Strong; lusty; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; forceful; as a robust body; robust youth. It implies full flesh and sound health.

2. Sound; vigorous; as robust health.

3. Violent; rough; rude.

Romp loving miss

Is haul'd about in gallantry robust.

Thomson.

4. Requiring strength; as robust employment.

Locke.

[NOTE. This is one of the words in which we observe a strong tendency in practice to accentuate the first syllable, as in access; and there are many situations of the word in which this is the preferable pronunciation. Robustious is extremely vulgar, and in the U. States nearly obsolete.]

Robustness

ROBUST'NESS, noun Strength; vigor, or the condition of the body when it has full firm flesh and sound health.

Arbuthnot.

Rocambole

ROC'AMBOLE, or ROK'AMBOLE, noun [from the French.] A sort of wild garlic, the Allium scorodoprasum, growing naturally in Denmark and Sweden. It has a heart-shaped root at the side of the stalk.

Encyc.

Roche-Alum

ROCHE-ALUM, noun [French roche, a rock. It ought to be written and called rock-alum.]

Rock-alum, a purer kind of alum.

Mortimer.

Rochelle salt, tartrate of potash and soda.

Rochet

ROCH'ET, noun [French rochet; Italian roccetto, rocchetto; Saxon rocc; German rock; Dutch rok. This coincides in origin with frock.]

A surplice; the white upper garment of a priest worn while officiating.

Cleaveland.

Rochet

ROCH'ET, noun A fish, the roach, which see.

Rock

ROCK, noun [French roc or roche; Italian rocca, a rock, and a distaff; Spanish roca; Portugese roca,

rocha; Armoric roch; Basque, arroca. Dropping the first letter of crag, rock would seem to be the same word, and so named from breaking and the consequent roughness, corresponding with Greek, as crag does with crack; Arabic garaka, to burst, crack, tear, rake. So Latin rupes, from the root of rumpo, to break or burst. If this is not the origin of rock, I know not to what root to assign it. See Class Rg. No. 34.]

1. A large mass of stony matter, usually compounded of two or more simple minerals, either bedded in the earth or resting on its surface. Sometimes rocks compose the principal part of huge mountains; sometimes huge rocks lie on the surface of the earth, in detached blocks or masses. Under this term, mineralogists class all mineral substances, coal, gypsum, salt, &c.

2. In Scripture, figuratively, defense; means of safety; protection; strength; asylum.

The Lord is my rock. 2 Samuel 22.

3. Firmness; a firm or immovable foundation. Psalm 27. Matthew 7 and 16.

4. A species of vultur or condor.

Encyc.

5. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales.

Rock

ROCK, noun [Danish rok; Swedish rock; Dutch rokken; German rocken; Italian rocca; Spanish rueca. The latter is rendered a distaff, a winding or twisting, and the fish of a mast or yard. The sense is probably a rack or frame.]

A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is drawn in spinning.

Rock

ROCK, verb transitive [Danish rokker, to move, stir, wag, rack, advance; German rÃƒ-¼cken; Old French rocquer or roquer; Swedish ragla, to reel; Welsh rhocian, to rock; rhoc, a shooting or moving different ways; Arabic to shake, to tremble, to agitate. This latter verb in Chaldee Syriac signifies to desire, to long for, that is, to reach or stretch, Greek; and it may be a different word.]

1. To move backward and forward, as a body resting on a foundation; as, to rock a cradle; to rock a chair; to rock a mountain. It differs from shake, as denoting a slower and more uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.

A rising earthquake rock'd the ground.

Dryden.

2. To move backwards and forwards in a cradle, chair, &c.; as, to rock a child to sleep.

Dryden.

3. To lull to quiet.

Sleep rock thy brain. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Rock

ROCK, verb intransitive To be moved backwards and forwards; to reel.

The rocking town

Supplants their footsteps.

Philips.

Rock-Alum

ROCK'-ALUM, noun The purest kind of alum. [See Roche-alum.]

Rock-Bason

ROCK'-BASON, noun A cavity or artificial bason cut in a rock for the purpose, as is supposed, of collecting the dew or rain for ablutions and purifications prescribed by the druidical religion.

Grosier. Encyc.

Rock-Butter

ROCK-BUTTER, noun A subsulphite of alumin, oozing from aluminous rocks.

Cyc.

Rock-Crystal

ROCK-CRYS'TAL, noun The most perfect variety of silicious earth or quartz; limpid quartz. When purest it is white or colorless, but it is found of a grayish or yellowish white, pale yellow or citrine. Its most usual form is that of hexagonal prisms, surmounted by hexagonal pyramids.

Kirwan. Cleaveland.

Rock-Doe

ROCK'-DOE, noun A species of deer.

Grew.

Rocked

ROCK'ED, participle passive [from rock, the verb.] Moved one way and the other.

Rocker

ROCK'ER, noun One who rocks the cradle; also, the curving piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks.

Rocket

ROCK'ET, noun [Danish raket, rakette, a rocket, cracker or squib; German rackete; probably from the root of crack and racket, French craquer, craqueter.]

An artificial fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal and sulphur. This being tied to a stick and fired, ascends into the air and bursts.

Encyc.

Rocket

ROCK'ET, noun [Latin eruca.] A plant of the genus Brassica. There is also the bastard rocket, of the genus Reseda; the corn rocket and the sea rocket, of the genus Bunias; the marsh rocket, the water rocket, and the winter rocket, of the genus Sisymbrium; and the dame's violet rocket, of the genus Hesperis.

Fam. of Plants.

Rock-Fish

ROCK'-FISH, noun A species of Gobius.

Rockiness

ROCK'INESS, noun [from rocky.] State of abounding with rocks.

Rocking

ROCK'ING, participle of the present tense Moving backwards and forwards.

Rockless

ROCK'LESS, adjective Being without rocks.

Dryden.

Rock-Oil

ROCK'-OIL, noun Another name for petrol or petroleum.

Rock-Pigeon

ROCK'-PIGEON, noun A pigeon that builds her nest on a rock.

Mortimer.

Rock-Rose

ROCK'-ROSE, noun A plant of the genus Cistus.

Rock-Ruby

ROCK-RUBY, noun A name sometimes given to the garnet, when it is of a strong, but not a deep red, and has a cast of blue.

Hill.

Rock-Salt

ROCK'-SALT, noun Fossil or mineral salt; salt dug from the earth; muriate of soda. But in America, this name is sometimes given to salt that comes in large crystals from the West Indies, which salt is formed by evaporation from sea water, in large basons or cavities, on the isles. Hexahedral rock-salt occurs foliated and fibrous.

Ure.

Rock-Wood

ROCK'-WOOD, noun Ligniform asbestus.

Cyc.

Rock-Work

ROCK'-WORK, noun Stones fixed in mortar in imitation of the asperities of rocks, forming a wall.

2. A natural wall of rock.

Addison.

Rocky

ROCK'Y, adjective [from rock.] Full of rocks; as a rocky mountain; a rocky shore.

2. Resembling a rock; as the rocky orb of a shield.

Milton.

3. Very hard; stony; obdurate; insusceptible of impression; as a rocky bosom.

Shak.

Rod

ROD, noun [Saxon rod; Danish rode; Dutch roede, roe; German ruthe and reis. In Danish, rod is a root; and I suppose rod, root, Latin radius, ray, radix, root, and Danish Swedish rad, to be of one family. The sense is a shoot, from extending. The Russian prut, a rod, is probably the same word with a prefix.]

1. The shoot or long twig of any woody plant; a branch, or the stem of a shrub; as a rod of hazle, of birch, of oak or hickory. Hence,

2. An instrument of punishment or correction; chastisement.

I will chasten him with the rod of men. 2 Samuel 7. Proverbs 10.

3. Discipline; ecclesiastical censures. 1 Corinthians 4.

4. A kind of scepter.

The rod and bird of peace.

Shak.

5. A pole for angling; something long and slender.

Gay.

6. An instrument for measuring; but more generally, a measure of length containing five yards, or sixteen feet and a half; a pole; a perch. In many parts of the United States, rod is universally used for pole or perch.

7. In Scripture, a staff or wand. 1 Samuel 14.

8. Support.

Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. Psalm 23.

9. A shepherd's crook. Leviticus 27.

10. An instrument for threshing. Isaiah 28.

11. Power; authority. Psalm 125.

12. A tribe or race. Psalm 74.

Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. Revelation 19. Psalm 2.

Rode

RODE, pret. of ride; also, a cross. [See Rood.]

Rodomont

ROD'OMONT, noun [French id.; Italian rodomonte, a bully; Irish raidhmeis, silly stories, rodomontade; roithre, a babbler, a prating fellow; roithreacht, silly talk, loquacity, rhetoric; from radham, to say, tell, relate, Welsh adrawz. The Irish radh, radham, are the Saxon roed, speech, and roedan, to read. See Read. The last syllable may be the French monter, to mount, and the word then signifies one that speaks loftily. Hence the name of Ariosto's hero.]

A vain boaster.

Herbert.

Rodomont

ROD'OMONT, adjective Bragging; vainly boasting.

Rodomontade

RODOMONTA'DE, noun [French id.; Italian rodomontata. See Rodomont.]

Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant.

I could show that the rodomontades of Almanzor are neither so irrational nor impossible.

Dryden.

Rodomontade

RODOMONTA'DE, verb intransitive To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant.

Rodomontadist

RODOMONT'ADIST, or RODOMONTA'DOR, noun A blustering boaster; one that brags or vaunts.

Terry. Todd.

Roe

ROE, or ROEBUCK, noun [Saxon ra or raa, roege or hroege; German reh and rehbock; Danish raa or raabuk; Swedish rÃƒ-¥bock.]

1. A species of deer, the Cervus capreolus, with erect cylindrical branched horns, forked at the summit. This is one of the smallest of the cervine genus, but of elegant shape and remarkably nimble. It prefers a mountainous country, and herds in families.

Encyc.

2. Roe, the female of the hart.

Sandys.

Roe

ROE, noun [German rogen; Danish rogn, ravn; that which is ejected. So in Danish roge is spittle.]

The seed or spawn of fishes. The roe of the male is called soft roe or milt; that of the female, hard roe or spawn.

Encyc.

Roe-Stone

RO'E-STONE, noun Called also oolite, which see.

Rogation

ROGA'TION, noun [French from Latin rogatio; rogo, to ask.]

1. Litany; supplication.

He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in use.

Hooker.

2. In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people.

Rogation-Week

ROGA'TION-WEEK, noun The second week before Whitsunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein; viz., on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called rogation-days, because of the extraordinary prayers then made for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the devotion of the Holy Thursday.

Dict.

Rogue

ROGUE, n. rog. [Saxon earg, arg, idle, stupid, mean; eargian, to become dull or torpid; Dutch German Swedish Danish arg, evil, crafty, wicked; Greek. Hence Cimbric argur, and rogue, by transposition of letters. The word arga, in the laws of the Longobards, denotes a cuckold. Spel. voc. Arga.]

1. In law, a vagrant; a sturdy beggar; a vagabond. Persons of this character were, by the ancient laws of England, to be punished by whipping and having the earbored with a hot iron.

Encyc. Spenser.

2. A knave; a dishonest person; applied now, I believe, exclusively to males. This word comprehends thieves and robbers, but is generally applied to such as cheat and defraud in mutual dealings, or to counterfeiters.

The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise.

Pope.

3. A name of slight tenderness and endearment.

Alas, poor rogue, I think indeed she loves.

Shak.

4. A wag.

Shak.

Rogue

ROGUE, v. i. rog. To wander; to play the vagabond. [Little used.]

Spenser.

2. To play knavish tricks. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Roguery

ROGUERY, noun The life of a vagrant. [Now little used.]

Donne.

2. Knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices.

'Tis no scandal grown,

For debt and roguery to quit the town.

Dryden.

3. Waggery; arch tricks; mischievousness.

Rogueship

ROGUESHIP, noun The qualities or personage of a rogue.

Dryden.

Roguish

ROGUISH, adjective Vagrant; vagabond. [Nearly obsolete.]

Spenser.

2. Knavish; fraudulent; dishonest. [This is the present sense of the word.]

Swift.

3. Waggish; wanton; slightly mischievous.

Addison.

Roguishly

ROGUISHLY, adverb Like a rogue; knavishly; wantonly.

Roguishness

ROGUISHNESS, noun The qualities of a rogue; knavery; mischievousness.

2. Archness; sly cunning; as the roguishness of a look.

Roguy

ROGUY, adjective Knavish; wanton. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

Roil

ROIL, verb transitive [This is the Armoric brella, French brouiller, embrouiller, Italian brogliare, imbrogliare,

Spanish embrollar, Portugese embrulhar; primarily to turn or stir, to make intricate, to twist, wrap, involve, hence to mix, confound, perplex, whence broil, French brouillard, mist, fog. In English, the prefix or first letter is lost.]

1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment; as, to roil wine, cider or other liquor in casks or bottles.

2. To excite some degree of anger; to disturb the passion of resentment. [These senses are in common use in New England, and locally in England.]

3. To perplex. [Local in England.]

Roiled

ROIL'ED, participle passive Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the lees or sediment; angered slightly; disturbed in mind by an offense.

Roiling

ROIL'ING, participle of the present tense Rendering turbid; or exciting the passion of anger.

[Note. This word is as legitimate as any in the language.]

Roint

ROINT. [See Aroynt.]

Roist

ROIST, or ROIST'ER, verb intransitive [Armoric reustla, to embroil. This word belongs to the root of rustle, brustle, Saxon brysan, to shake, to rush, Welsh rhysiaw, to rush, to straiten, to entangle, rhysu, id.]

To bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting or turbulent. [Not in use.]

Shak. Swift.

Roister

ROIST'ER, or ROIST'ERER, noun A bold, blustering, turbulent fellow. [Not in use.]

Roky

RO'KY, adjective [See Reek.] Misty; foggy; cloudy. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Roll

ROLL, verb transitive [Dutch German rollen; Swedish rulla; Danish ruller; Welsh rholiaw; French rouler; Armoric ruilha and rolla; Italian rullare; Irish rolam. It is usual to consider this word as formed by contraction from the Latin rotula, a little wheel, from rota, Welsh rhod, a wheel. But it is against all probability that all the nations of Europe have fallen into such a contraction. Roll is undoubtedly a primitive root, on which have been formed troll and stroll.]

1. To move by turning on the surface, or with a circular motion in which all parts of the surface are successively applied to a plane; as, to roll a barrel or puncheon; to roll a stone or ball. Sisyphus was condemned to roll a stone to the top of a hill, which, when he had done so, rolled down again, and thus his punishment was eternal.

2. To revolve; to turn on its axis; as, to roll a wheel or a planet.

3. To move in a circular direction.

To dress, to troll the tongue and roll the eye.

Milton.

4. To wrap round on itself; to form into a circular or cylindrical body; as, to roll a piece of cloth; to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll tobacco.

5. To enwrap; to bind or involve in a bandage or the like.

Wiseman.

6. To form by rolling into round masses.

Peacham.

7. To drive or impel any body with a circular motion, or to drive forward with violence or in a stream. The ocean rolls its billows to the shore. A river rolls its waters to the ocean.

8. To spread with a roller or rolling pin; as to roll paste.

9. To produce a periodical revolution.

Heav'n shone and roll'd her motions.

Milton.

10. To press or level with a roller; as, to roll a field.

To rull one's self, to wallow. Micah 1.

Roll

ROLL, verb intransitive To move by turning on the surface, or with the successive application of all parts of the surface to a plane; as, a ball or a wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane.

2. To move, turn or run on an axis; as a wheel. [In this sense, revolve is more generally used.]

3. To run on wheels.

And to the rolling chair is bound.

Dryden.

4. To revolve; to perform a periodical revolution; as the rolling year. Ages roll away.

5. To turn; to move circularly.

And his red eyeballs roll with living fire.

Dryden.

6. To float in rough water; to be tossed about.

Twice ten tempestuous nights I roll'dÃ‚--

Pope.

7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions. Waves roll on waves.

8. To fluctuate; to move tumultuously.

What diff'rent sorrows did within thee roll.

Prior.

9. To be moved with violence; to be hurled.

Down they fell

By thousands, angel on archangel roll'd.

Milton.

10. To be formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls well.

11. To spread under a roller or rolling pin. The paste rolls well.

12. To wallow; to tumble; as, a horse rolls.

13. To rock or move from side; as, a ship rolls in a calm.

14. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.

Roll

ROLL, noun The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as the roll of a ball.

2. The thing rolling.

Thomson.

3. A mass made round; something like a ball or cylinder; as a roll of fat; a roll of wool.

Addison. Mortimer.

4. A roller; a cylinder of wood, iron or stone; as a roll to break clods.

Mortimer.

5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form as a roll of woolen or satin; a roll of lace.

6. A cylindrical twist of tobacco.

7. An official writing; a list; a register; a catalogue; as a muster-roll; a court-roll.

8. The beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.

9. Rolls of court, of parliament, or of any public body, are the parchments on which are engrossed, by the proper officer, the acts and proceedings of that body, and which being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public body.

10. In antiquity, a volume: a book consisting of leaf, bark, paper, skin or other material on which the ancients wrote, and which being kept rolled or folded, was called in Latin volumen, from volvo, to roll. Hence,

11. A chronicle; history; annals.

Nor names more noble graced the rolls of fame.

B. Trumbull.

12. Part; office; that is, round of duty, like turn. Obs.

Rolled

ROLLED, participle passive Moved by turning; formed into a round or cylindrical body; leveled with a roller, as land.

Roller

ROLLER, noun That which rolls; that which turns on its own axis; particularly, a cylinder of wood, stone or metal, used in husbandry and the arts. Rollers are of various kinds and used for various purposes.

2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery.

3. A bird of the magpye kind, about the size of a jay.

Dict. N. Hist.

A bird of the genus Coracias, found in Europe; called also the German parrot.

Ed. Encyc.

Rolling

ROLLING, participle of the present tense Turning over; revolving; forming into a cylinder or round mass; leveling, as land.

Rolling

ROLLING, noun The motion of a ship from side to side.

Rolling-Pin

ROLLING-PIN, noun A round piece of wood, tapering at each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to a proper thickness.

Wiseman.

Rolling-Press

ROLLING-PRESS, noun An engine consisting of two cylinders, by which cloth is calendered, waved and tabbied; also, an engine for taking impressions from copper plates; also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, &c.

Rolly-Pooly

ROLLY-POOLY, noun [said to be roll and pool, or roll, ball and pool.]

A game in which a ball, rolling into a certain place, wins.

Arbuthnot.

Romage

ROMAGE, noun Bustle; tumultuous search. [See Rummage.]

Shak.

Romal

ROMAL, n. romaul'. A species of silk handkerchief.

Roman

RO'MAN, adjective [Latin Romanus, from Roma, the principal city of the Romans in Italy. Rome is the oriental name Ramah, elevated, that is, a hill; for fortresses and towns were often placed on hills for security; Hebrew Chaldee to be high, to raise. Class Rm. No. 3.]

1. Pertaining to Rome, or to the Roman people.

2. Romish; popish; professing the religion of the pope.

Roman catholic, as an adjective, denoting the religion professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome; as a noun, one who adheres to the papal religion.

Roman

RO'MAN, noun A native of Rome.

2. A citizen of Rome; one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen.

3. One of the christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed an epistle, consisting of converts from Judaism or paganism.

Romance

ROMANCE, n. romans', ro'mans. [French roman; Italian romanzo; Spanish romance, the common vulgar language of Spain, and romance; Portugese id. any vulgar tongue, and a species of poetry; Welsh rham, a rising over; rhamant, a rising over, a vaulting or springing, an omen, a figurative expression, romance, as an adjective, rising boldly, romantic; rhamanta, to rise over, to soar, to reach to a distance, to divine, to romance, to allegorize; rhamantu, to use figurative or high flown language, &c. The Welsh retains the signification of the oriental word from which Rome is derived, and indeed the sense of romance is evidently from the primitive sense of the root, rather than from the use of the Roman language. The Welsh use of the word proves also the correctness of the foregoing derivation of Roma, and overthrows the fabulous account of the origin of the word from Romulus or Remus. It is probable that this word is allied to ramble.]

1. A fabulous relation or story of adventures and incidents, designed for the entertainment of readers; a tale of extraordinary adventures, fictitious and often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, subjects interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the passions of wonder and curiosity. Romance differs from the novel, as it treats of great actions and extraordinary adventures; that is, according to the Welsh signification, it vaults or soars beyond the limits of fact and real life, and often of probability.

The first romances were a monstrous assemblage of histories, in which truth and fiction were blended without probability; a composition of amorous adventures and the extravagant ideas of chivalry.

Encyc.

2. A fiction.

Prior.

Romance

ROMANCE, v. i. romans', ro'mans. To forge and tell fictitious stories; to deal in extravagant stories.

Richardson.

Romancer

ROMAN'CER, or RO'MANCER, noun One who invents fictitious stories.

L'Estrange.

2. A writer of romance.

Aubrey.

Romancing

ROMAN'CING, or RO'MANCING, participle of the present tense Inventing and telling fictitious tales; building castles in the air.

Romancy

ROMAN'CY, adjective Romantic. [Not proper.]

Romanism

RO'MANISM, noun The tenets of the church of Rome.

Brevint.

Romanist

RO'MANIST, noun An adherent to the papal religion; a Roman catholic.

Encyc.

Romanize

RO'MANIZE, verb transitive To latinize; to fill with Latin words or modes of speech.

Dryden.

2. To convert to the Roman catholic religion, or to papistical opinions.

Romanize

RO'MANIZE, verb intransitive To conform to Romish opinions, customs or modes of speech.

Romanized

RO'MANIZED, participle passive Latinized.

Romansh

ROMANSH', noun The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin.

Romantic

ROMAN'TIC, adjective Pertaining to romance, or resembling it; wild; fanciful; extravagant; as a romantic taste; romantic notions; romantic expectations; romantic zeal.

2. Improbable or chimerical; fictitious; as a romantic tale.

3. Fanciful; wild; full of wild or fantastic scenery; as a romantic prospect or landscape; a romantic situation.

Romantically

ROMAN'TICALLY, adverb Wildly; extravagantly.

Pope.

Romanticness

ROMAN'TICNESS, noun Wildness; extravagance; fancifulness.

2. Wilduess of scenery.

Romanzovite

ROMAN'ZOVITE, noun A recently discovered mineral of the garnet kind, of a brown or brownish yellow color; named from count Romanzoff.

Cleaveland.

Romepenny

ROMEPENNY, or ROMESCOT, noun [Rome, and Saxon pennig or sceat.] A tax of a penny on a house, formerly paid by the people of England to the church of Rome.

Romish

RO'MISH, adjective [from Rome.] Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the religion professed by the people of Rome and of the western empire, of which Rome was the metropolis; catholic; popish; as the Romish church; the Romish religion, ritual or ceremonies.

Romist

RO'MIST, noun A papist.

South.

Romp

ROMP, noun [a different spelling of ramp; Welsh rham, a rising over; rhamu, to reach over, to soar, to vault. See Ramp and Romance.]

1. A rude girl who indulges in boisterous play.

Addison.

2. Rude play or frolick.

Romp loving miss

Is haul'd about in gallantry robust.

Thomson.

Romp

ROMP, verb intransitive To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play.

Richardson.

Romping

ROMP'ING, participle of the present tense Playing rudely; as a noun, rude boisterous play.

Rompish

ROMP'ISH, adjective Given to rude play; inclined to romp.

Ash.

Rompishness

ROMP'ISHNESS, noun Disposition to rude boisterous play; or the practice of romping.

Steele.

Rompu

ROM'PU, or ROMPEE', noun [Latin rumpo, to break.] In heraldry, an ordinary that is broken, or a chevron, a bend or the like, whose upper points are cut off.

Encyc.

Rondeau

RONDEAU, or RON'DO, noun [French rondeau, from rond, round.] A kind of poetry, commonly consisting of thirteen verses, of which eight have one rhyme, and five another. It is divided into three couplets, and at the end of the second and third, the beginning of the rondeau is repeated in an equivocal sense, if possible.

Warton. Trevoux.

2. In music, the rondo, vocal or instrumental, generally consists of three strains, the first of which closes in the original key, while each of the others is so constructed in modulation as to reconduct the ear in an easy and natural manner to the first strain.

Busby.

3. A kind of jig or lively tune that ends with the first strain repeated.

Todd.

Rondle

RON'DLE, noun [from round.] A round mass. [Not in use.]

Peacham.

Rondure

RON'DURE, noun [French rondeur.] A round; a circle. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rong

RONG, the old pret. and participle passive of ring, now rung.

Chaucer.

Ronion

RONION, n. run'yon. [French rognon, kidney.] A fat bulky woman. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ront

RONT, noun An animal stinted in its growth. [Now written and pronounced runt.]

Spenser.

Rood

ROOD, noun [a different orthography of rod, which see.]

1. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. [See Acre.]

2. A pole; a measure of five yards; a rod or perch. [Not used in America, and probably local in England.]

Rood

ROOD, noun [Saxon rode or rod.] The cross; or an image of Christ, of the virgin Mary and a saint or St. John, on each side of it.

Shak.

Roodloft

ROOD'LOFT, noun A loft or gallery in a church on which relics and images were set to view.

Johnson.

Roof

ROOF, noun [Saxon rof, hrof; Greek, from, to cover. Qu. Russian krov, Slav. strop. See the Arabic Class Rb. No. 12. and Syriac No. 40.]

1. The cover or upper part of a house or other building, consisting of rafters covered with boards, shingles or tiles, with a side or sides sloping from the ridge, for the purpose of carrying off the water that falls in rain or snow. In Asia, the roofs of houses are flat or horizontal. The same name, roof, is given to the sloping covers of huts, cabins and ricks; to the arches of ovens, furnaces, &c.

2. A vault; an arch; or the interior of a vault; as the roof of heaven.

3. The vault of the mouth; the upper part of the mouth; the palate.

If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth. Psalm 137.

Roof

ROOF, verb transitive To cover with a roof.

I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings, that have not been roofed with vaults or arches.

Addison.

2. To inclose in a house; to shelter.

Here had we now our country's honor roof'd.

Shak.

Roofed

ROOF'ED, participle passive Furnished or covered with a roof or arch.

Roofing

ROOF'ING, participle of the present tense Covering with a roof.

Roofing

ROOF'ING, noun The materials of which a roof is composed; or materials for a roof.

Encyc.

Roofless

ROOF'LESS, adjective [Saxon roflease.] Having no roof; as a roofless house.

2. Having no house or home; unsheltered.

Roofy

ROOF'Y, adjective Having roofs.

Dryden.

Rook

ROOK, noun [Saxon hroc; German roche; Danish roge, raage, a rook, and krage, a crow. This word belongs to the root of crow, or is rather the same word dialectically varied; Danish krage; Swedish kraka; German krÃƒ-¤he; Dutch kraai; Latin graculus; probably from its voice; Irish grag, gragam. See Crow and Croak.]

1. A fowl of the genus Corvus, the fowl mentioned by Virgil under this name. This fowl resembles the crow, but differs from it in not feeding on carrion, but on insects and grain. In crows also the nostrils and root of the bill are clothed with fethers, but in rooks the same parts are naked, or have only a few bristly hairs. The rook is gregarious.

Encyc.

2. A cheat; a trickish, rapacious fellow.

Wycherley.

Rook

ROOK, noun [Italian rocco, a bishop's staff, a crosier, a rook at chess.] A common man at chess.

Encyc.

Rook

ROOK, verb intransitive To cheat; to defraud.

Locke.

Rook

ROOK, verb transitive To cheat; to defraud by cheating.

Aubrey.

Rook

ROOK, verb intransitive To squat. [See Ruck.]

Rookery

ROOK'ERY, noun A nursery of rooks.

Pope.

2. In low language, a brothel.

Rooky

ROOK'Y, adjective Inhabited by rooks; as the rooky wood.

Shak.

Room

ROOM, noun [Saxon Danish Swedish rum; Dutch ruim; German raum; Gothic rumis, room, place; Irish rum, a floor or room; German rÃƒ-¤umen, Saxon rumian, ryman, to give place, to amplify, to enlarge; Saxon rum-gifa, liberal. It may be allied to roam, ramble. Class Rm. No. 4. 9.]

1. Space; compass; extent of place, great or small. Let the words occupy as little room as possible.

2. Space or place unoccupied.

Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. Luke 14.

3. Place for reception or admission of any thing. In this case, there is no room for doubt or for argument.

4. Place of another; stead; as in succession or substitution. One magistrate or king comes in the room of a former one. We often place one thing in the room of another. 1 Kings 20.

5. Unoccupied opportunity. The eager pursuit of wealth leaves little room for serious reflection.

6. An apartment in a house; any division separated from the rest by a partition; as a parlor, drawing room or bed-room; also, an apartment in a ship, as the cook-room, bread-room, gun-room, &c.

7. A seat. Luke 14.

To make room, to open a way or passage; to free from obstructions.

To make room, to open a space or place for any thing.

To give room, to withdraw; to leave space unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated.

Room

ROOM, verb intransitive To occupy an apartment; to lodge; an academic use of the word. A B rooms at No. 7.

Roomage

ROOM'AGE, noun [from room.] Space; place. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Roomful

ROOM'FUL, adjective Abounding with rooms.

Donne.

Roominess

ROOM'INESS, noun Space; spaciousness; large extent of space.

Roomth, space, and roomthy, spacious, are ill formed words and not used in the United States.

Roomy

ROOM'Y, adjective Spacious; wide; large; having ample room; as a roomy mansion; a roomy deck.

Dryden.

Roost

ROOST, noun [Saxon hrost; Dutch roest, roost; roesten, to roost.]

The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night.

He clapp'd his wings upon his roost.

Dryden.

At roost, in a state for rest and sleep.

Roost

ROOST, verb intransitive To sit, rest or sleep, as fowls on a pole, tree or other thing at night.

2. To lodge, in burlesque.

Roosting

ROOST'ING, participle of the present tense Sitting for rest and sleep at night.

Root

ROOT, noun [Danish rod; Swedish rot; Latin radix; Italian radice; Spanish raiz; Irish raidis; Welsh rhaiz, a ray or spear, whence gwraiz, a root. A root is a shoot, and only a different application of rod, Latin radius.]

1. That part of a plant which enters and fixes itself in the earth, and serves to support the plant in an erect position, while by means of its fibrils it imbibes nutriment for the stem, branches and fruit.

2. The part of any thing that resembles the roots of a plant in manner of growth; as the roots of a cancer, of teeth, &c.

3. The bottom or lower part of any thing.

Deep to the roots of hellÃ‚--

Milton.

Burnet uses root of a mountain, but we now say, base, foot or bottom. See Job 28:9.

4. A plant whose root is esculent or the most useful part; as beets, carrots, &c.

5. The original or cause of any thing.

The love of money is the root of all evil. 1 Timothy 6.

6. The first ancestor.

They were the roots out of which sprung two distinct peopleÃ‚--

Locke.

7. In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any quantity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself a certain number of times, will exactly produce that quantity. Thus 2 is a root of 4, because when multiplied into itself, it exactly produces 4.

8. Means of growth. ``He hath no root in himself;' that is, no soil in which grace can grow and flourish. Matthew 13.

9. In music, the fundamental note of any chord.

Busby.

Root of bitterness, in Scripture, any error, sin or evil that produces discord or immorality.

To take root, to become planted or fixed; or to be established; to increase and spread.

To take deep root, to be firmly planted or established; to be deeply impressed.

Dryden.

Root

ROOT, verb intransitive To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots.

In deep grounds, the weeds root deeper.

Mortimer.

2. To be firmly fixed; to be established.

The multiplying brood of the ungodly shall not take deep rooting.

Wisdom.

3. To sink deep.

If any error chancedÃ‚--to cause misapprehensions, he gave them not leave to root and fasten by concealment.

Fell.

Root

ROOT, verb transitive To plant and fix deep in the earth; used chiefly in the participle; as rooted trees or forests.

Dryden.

2. To plant deeply; to impress deeply and durably. Let the leading truths of the gospel be deeply rooted in the mind; let holy affections be well rooted in the heart.

3. In Scripture, to be rooted and grounded in Christ, is to be firmly united to him by faith and love, and well established in the belief of his character and doctrines. Ephesians 3.

Root

ROOT, verb intransitive or t. [Saxon wrot, a snout or proboscis; wrotan, to dig or root; Dutch wroeten, German reuten, Danish roder, Swedish rota, to root. This seems to be of the same family as the former word and rod, from the use of the snout.]

To turn up the earth with the snout, as swine. Swine root to find worms; they root the ground wherever they come.

To root up or out, to eradicate; to extirpate; to remove or destroy root and branch; to exterminate. Deuteronomy 29. Job 31.

Root-Bound

ROOT'-BOUND, adjective Fixed to the earth by roots.

Milton.

Root-Built

ROOT'-BUILT, adjective Built of roots.

Shenstone.

Rooted

ROOT'ED, participle passive Having its roots planted or fixed in the earth; hence, fixed; deep; radical; as rooted sorrow; rooted aversion; rooted prejudices.

Rootedly

ROOT'EDLY, adverb Deeply; from the heart.

Shak.

Rooter

ROOT'ER, noun One that roots; or one that tears up by the roots.

Root-House

ROOT'-HOUSE, noun A house made of roots.

Dodsley.

Rooting

ROOT'ING, participle of the present tense Striking or taking root; turning up with the snout.

Root-Leaf

ROOT'-LEAF, noun A leaf growing immediately from the root.

Martyn.

Rootlet

ROOT'LET, noun A radicle; the fibrous part of a root.

Martyn.

Rooty

ROOT'Y, adjective Full of roots; as rooty ground.

Adams.

Ropalic

ROPAL'IC, adjective [Greek, a club.] Clubformed; increasing or swelling towards the end.

Rope

ROPE, noun [Saxon rap; Swedish rep; Danish reeb; Welsh rhaf; Irish ropa, roibin.]

1. A large string or line composed of several strands twisted together. It differs from cord, line and string, only in its size; being the name given to all sorts of cordage above an inch in circumference. Indeed the smaller ropes, when used for certain purposes, are called lines.

Ropes are by seamen ranked under two descriptions, cable-laid, and hawser-laid; the former composed of nine strands, or three great strands, each consisting of three small ones; the latter made with three strands, each composed of a certain number of rope-yarns.

Mar. Dict.

2. A row or string consisting of a number of things united; as a rope of onions.

3. Ropes, [Saxon roppas,] the intestines of birds.

Lye.

Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble union or tie; a band easily broken.

Locke.

Rope

ROPE, verb intransitive To draw out or extend into a filament or thread, by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. Any glutinous substance will rope considerably before it will part.

Rope-Band

RO'PE-BAND, [See Robbin.]

Rope-Dancer

RO'PE-DANCER, noun [rope and dancer.] One that walks on a rope suspended.

Addison.

Rope-Ladder

RO'PE-LADDER, noun A ladder made of ropes.

Rope-Maker

RO'PE-MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make ropes or cordage. [I do not know that roper is ever used.]

Rope-Making

RO'PE-MAKING, noun The art or business of manufacturing ropes or cordage.

Ropery

RO'PERY, noun A place where ropes are made. [Not used in the United States.]

2. A trick that deserves the halter.

Shak.

Rope-Trick

RO'PE-TRICK, noun A trick that deserves the halter.

Shak.

Rope-Walk

RO'PE-WALK, noun A long covered walk, or a long building over smooth ground, where ropes are manufactured.

Rope-Yarn

RO'PE-YARN, noun Yarn for ropes, consisting of a single thread. The threads are twisted into strands, and the strands into ropes.

Ropiness

RO'PINESS, noun [from ropy.] Stringiness, or aptness to draw out in a string or thread without breaking, as of glutinous substances; viscosity; adhesiveness.

Ropy

RO'PY, adjective [from rope.] Stringy; adhesive; that may be drawn into a thread; as a glutinous substance; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy wine; ropy lees.

Dryden. Philips.

Roquelaur

ROQ'UELAUR, noun [from French; Danish rok-kelor; German rock, a coat, Dutch rok, Saxon rocc, whence frock, Spanish roclo. Qu. the last syllable, or is the word derived from a duke of this name?] A cloke for men.

Gay.

Roral

RO'RAL, adjective [Latin roralis, from ros, dew.] Pertaining to dew or consisting of dew; dewy.

Green.

Roration

RORA'TION, noun [Latin roratio.] A falling of dew. [Not used.]

Dict.

Rorid

RO'RID, adjective [Latin roridus.] Dewy.

Granger.

Roriferous

RORIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin ros, dew, and fero, to produce.] Generating or producing dew.

Dict.

Rorifluent

RORIF'LUENT, adjective [Latin ros, dew, and fluo, to flow.] Flowing with dew. [Not used.]

Dict.

Rosaceous

ROSA'CEOUS, a. s as z. [Latin rosaceus. See Rose.]

Rose-like; composed of several petals, arranged in a circular form; as a rosaceous corol.

Martyn. Encyc.

Rosary

RO'SARY, n. s as z. [Latin rosarium. See Rose.]

1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow.

2. A chaplet.

Taylor.

3. A string of beads used by Roman catholics, on which they count their prayers.

Rosasic

ROSAS'IC, adjective The rosasic acid is obtained from the urine of persons affected with intermitting and nervous fevers.

Ure.

Roscid

ROS'CID, adjective [Latin roscidus, from ros, dew.] Dewy; containing dew, or consisting of dew. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Rose

ROSE, n. s as z. [French rose; Latin Italian Spanish rosa; German Danish rose; Dutch roos, rooze; Swedish ros; Armoric rosen; Irish ros or rosa; Welsh rhos; Greek; from the root of red, ruddy, Welsh rhuz. See Red.]

1. A plant and flower of the genus Rosa, of many species and varieties, as the wild, canine or dog-rose, the white rose, the red rose, the cinnamon rose, the eglantine or sweet briar, &c. There are five petals; the calyx is urceolate, quinquefid, and corneous; the seeds are numerous, hispid, and fixed to the inside of the calyx.

Encyc.

2. A knot of ribin in the form of a rose, used as an ornamental tie of a shoe.

Under the rose, in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure.

Rose of Jericho, a plant growing on the plain of Jericho, the Anastatica hierochuntica.

Rose

ROSE, pret. of rise.

Roseal

RO'SEAL, adjective [Latin roseus.] Like a rose in smell or color.

Elyot.

Roseate

RO'SEATE, adjective [French rosat.] Rosy; full of roses; as roseate bowers.

Pope.

2. Blooming; of a rose color; as roseate beauty.

Boyle.

Rosebay

RO'SEBAY, noun A plant, the Nerium oleander. The dwarf rosebay is the Rhododen-dron.

Lee.

Rosed

RO'SED, adjective Crimsoned; flushed.

Shak.

Rose-Gall

RO'SE-GALL, noun An excrescence on the dog-rose.

Dict.

Rose-Mallow

ROSE-MALLOW, noun A plant of the genus Alcea, larger than the common mallow.

Miller.

Rosemary

RO'SEMARY, noun [Latin rosmarinus, sea-rose; rosa and marinus. So in Welsh rhos-mari, and in Irish bath-ros, sea-rose.]

A verticillate plant of the genus Rosmarinus, growing naturally in the southern part of France, Spain and Italy. It has a fragrant smell and a warm pungent bitterish taste.

Encyc.

Rose-Noble

RO'SE-NOBLE, noun A ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III. and current at 6s. 8d. or according to Johnson, at 16 shillings.

Rose-Quartz

RO'SE-QUARTZ, noun A subspecies of quartz, rose red or milk white.

Rose-Root

RO'SE-ROOT, noun A plant of the genus Rhodiola.

Roset

RO'SET, noun [French rosette, from rose.] A red color used by painters.

Peacham.

Rose-Water

RO'SE-WATER, noun Water tinctured with roses by distillation.

Encyc.

Rose-Wood

RO'SE-WOOD, noun A plant or tree of the genus Aspalathus, growing in warm climates, from which is obtained the oleum rhodii, an agreeable perfume, used in scenting pomatum and liniments.

Encyc.

Rosicrucian

ROSICRU'CIAN, noun [Latin ros, dew, and crux, cross; dew, the most powerful dissolvenet of gold, according to these fanatics, and cross, the emblem of light.]

The Rosicrucians were a sect or cabal of hermetical philosophers, or rather fanatics, who sprung up in Germany in the fourteenth century, and made great pretensions to science; and among other things, pretended to be masters of the secret of the philosopher's stone.

Encyc.

Rosicrucian

ROSICRU'CIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.

Hudibras.

Rosier

ROSIER, n. ro'zhur. [French] A rose bush. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Rosin

ROS'IN, n. s as z. [This is only a different orthography of resin; Irish roisin; French resine; Latin resina. See Resin.]

1. Inspissated turpentine, a juice of the pine.

Garth.

2. Any inspissated matter of vegetables that dissolves in spirit of wine.

Arbuthnot.

Rosin

ROS'IN, verb transitive To rub with rosin.

Gay.

Rosiness

RO'SINESS, n. s as z. The quality of being rosy, or of resembling the color of the rose.

Davenant.

Rosiny

ROS'INY, adjective Like rosin, or partaking of its qualities.

Temple.

Rosland

ROS'LAND, noun [Welsh rhos, peat, or a moor.] Heathy land; land full of ling; moorish or watery land.

Rospo

ROS'PO, noun A fish of Mexico, perfectly round, without scales, and good for food.

Clavigero.

Ross

ROSS, noun [Qu. German graus, rubbish.] The rough scaly matter on the surface of the bark of certain trees.

New England.

Rossel

ROSS'EL, noun Light land. [Not used in America.]

Mortimer.

Rosselly

ROSS'ELLY, adjective Loose; light. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

Rosset

ROS'SET, noun The large ternate bat.

Rossignol

ROS'SIGNOL, noun [French id.; Italian rosignuolo.] The nightingale.

Asiat. Res.

Rostel

ROS'TEL, noun [Latin rostellum, dim. of rostrum, a beak.]

In botany, the descending plane part of the corcle or heart, in the first vegetation of a seed.

Martyn.

Roster

ROS'TER, noun In mititary affairs, a plan or table by which the duty of officers is regulated.

Brit. Mil. Journal.

In Massachusetts, a list of the officers of a division, brigade, regiment or battalion, containing under several heads their names, rank, the corps to which they belong, date of commission and place of abode. These are called division rosters, brigade rosters, regimental or battalion rosters.

The word is also used frequently instead of register, which comprehends a general list of all the officers of the state, from the commander in chief to the lowest in commission, under the same appropriate heads, with an additional column for noting the alterations which take place.

Welsh H. Sumner.

Rostral

ROS'TRAL, adjective [from Latin rostrum, beak.]

1. Resembling the beak of a ship.

Tatler.

2. Pertaining to the beak.

Rostrate

ROS'TRATE, or ROS'TRATED, adjective [Latin rostratus.] In botany, beaked; having a process resembling the beak of a bird.

Martyn.

2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as rostrated galleys.

Rostrum

ROS'TRUM, noun [Latin; Welsh rhetgyr, a snout, or rhethren, a pike.]

1. The beak or bill of a bird.

2. The beak or head of a ship.

3. In ancient Rome, a scaffold or elevated place in the forum, where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, &c., were delivered.

4. The pipe which conveys the distilling liquor into its receiver, in the common alembic.

5. A crooked pair of scissors, used by surgeons for dilating wounds.

Coxe. Quincy.

Rosy

RO'SY, adjective [from rose.] Resembling a rose in color or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; charming.

While blooming youth and gay delight

Sit on thy rosy cheeks confest.

Prior.

The rosy morn resigns her light.

Waller.

2. Made in the form of a rose.

B. Jonson.

Rot

ROT, verb intransitive [Saxon rotian; Dutch rotten; Swedish r?ta; Danish raadner.]

To lose the natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal and vegetable substances; to be decomposed and resolved into its original component parts by the natural process, or the gradual operation of heat and air; to putrefy.

Rot

ROT, verb transitive To make putrid; to cause to be decomposed by the natural operation of air and heat; to bring to corruption.

Rot

ROT, noun A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures. The immediate cause of the mortality of sheep, in this disease, is found to be a great number of small animals, called flukes, (Fasciola,) found in the liver, and supposed to be produced from eggs swallowed with their food.

Encyc.

2. Putrefaction; putrid decay.

Philips.

3. Dry rot, in timber, the decay of the wood without the access of water.

Rota

RO'TA, noun [Latin rota, Welsh rhod, a wheel; allied to rhedu, to run. See Rotary.]

1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, composed of twelve prelates, of whom one must be a German, another a Frenchman, and two Spaniards; the other eight are Italians. This is one of the most august tribunals in Rome, taking cognizance of all suits in the territory of the church by appeal, and of all matters beneficiary and patrimonial.

Encyc.

2. In English history, a club of politicians, who, in the time of Charles I. contemplated an equal government by rotation.

Hudibras.

Rotalite

RO'TALITE, noun A genus of fossil shells.

Rotary

RO'TARY, adjective [Latin rota, a wheel, Welsh rhod, Spanish rueda, Portugese roda, Armoric rod, French roue, German, Dutch rad; Malayan, rata, a chariot; allied to Welsh rhedu, to run. So car is allied to Latin curro.]

Turning, as a wheel on its axis; as rotary motion.

Rotate

RO'TATE, adjective In botany, wheel-shaped; monopetalous, spreading flat, without any tube, or expanding into a flat border, with scarcely any tube; as a rotate corol.

Martyn. Smith.

Rotated

RO'TATED, adjective [Latin rotatus.] Turned round, as a wheel.

Rotation

ROTA'TION, noun [Latin ratatio, from roto, to turn; rota, a wheel.]

1. The act of turning, as a wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a body revolving round another body or a distant point. Thus the daily turning of the earth on its axis, is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution.

2. Vicissitude of succession; the course by which officers or others leave their places at certain times and are succeeded by others; applied also to a change of crops.

Rotative

RO'TATIVE, adjective Turning, as a wheel; rotary. [Little used.]

Rotato-Plane

ROTA'TO-PLANE, adjective In botany, wheel-shaped and flat, without a tube; as a rotato-plane corol.

Lee.

Rotator

ROTA'TOR, noun [Latin] That which gives a circular or rolling motion; a muscle producing a rolling motion.

Coxe.

Rotatory

RO'TATORY, adjective [from rotator.] Turning on an axis, as a wheel; rotary.

2. Going in a circle; following in succession; as rotatory assemblies.

Burke.

[This word is often used, probably by mistake, for rotary. It may be regularly formed from rotator, but not with the exact sense in which it is used. With rotator for its original, it would signify causing rather than being in a circular motion. The true word is rotary.]

Rote

ROTE, noun [a contraction of crowd, Welsh crwth, Irish cruit.] A kind of violin or harp. Obs.

Rote

ROTE, noun [Latin rota, a wheel, whence French routine.]

Properly, a round of words; frequent repetition of words or sounds, without attending to the signification, or to principles and rules; a practice that impresses words in the memory without an effort of the understanding, and without the aid of rules. Thus children learn to speak by rote; they often repeat what they hear, till it becomes familiar to them. So we learn to sing by rote, as we hear notes repeated, and soon learn to repeat them ourselves.

Rote

ROTE, verb transitive To fix in the memory by means of frequent repetition ourselves, or by hearing the repetition of others, without an effort of the understanding to comprehend what is repeated, and without the aid of rules or principles. [Little used.]

Shak.

Rote

ROTE, verb intransitive To go out by rotation or succession. [Little used.]

Grey.

Rother-Beasts

ROTH'ER-BEASTS, noun [Saxon hryther, a quadruped.]

Cattle of the bovine genus; called in England black cattle. [Not used in America.]

Golding.

Rother-Nails

ROTH'ER-NAILS, noun [corrupted from rudder-nails.]

Among shipwrights, nails with very full heads, used for fastening the rudder irons of ships.

Bailey.

Rothoffite

ROTH'OFFITE, noun A variety of grenate, brown or black, found in Sweden. It has a resemblance to melanite, another variety, but differs from it in having a small portion of alumin.

Cyc.

Rotoco

RO'TOCO, noun An eastern weight of 5lbs.

Entick.

Rotten

ROTTEN, a. rot'n. [Swedish rutten.] Putrid; carious; decomposed by the natural process of decay; as a rotten plank.

2. Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective in principle; treacherous; deceitful.

3. Defective in substance; not sound or hard.

Knolles.

4. Fetid; ill smelling.

Shak.

Rottenness

ROT'TENNESS, noun State of being decayed or putrid; cariousness; putrefaction; unsoundness.

Rotten-Stone

ROT'TEN-STONE, noun A soft stone or mineral, called also Tripoli, terra Tripolitana, from the country from which it was formerly brought. It is used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for cleaning furniture of metallic substances. The rotten-stone of Derbyshire, in England, is a Tripoli mixed with calcarious earth.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Rotund

ROTUND', adjective [Latin rotundus, probably formed on rota, a wheel, as jocundus on jocus.]

1. Round; circular; spherical.

Addison.

2. In botany, circumscribed by one unbroken curve, or without angles; as a rotund leaf.

Linne.

Rotundifolious

ROTUNDIFO'LIOUS, adjective [Latin rotundus, round, and folium, a leaf.] Having round leaves.

Rotundity

ROTUND'ITY, noun Roundness; sphericity; circularity; as the rotundity of a globe.

Bentley.

Rotundo

ROTUND'O, noun [Italian rotondo, round.] A round building; any building that is round both on the outside and inside. The most celebrated edifice of this kind is the Pantheon at Rome.

Encyc.

Roucou

ROUCOU, n. roo'coo. A substance used in dyeing; the same as anotta.

Rouge

ROUGE, a. roozh. [French] Red.

Davies.

Rouge

ROUGE, n. roozh. Red paint; a substance used for painting the cheeks.

Rouge

ROUGE, verb intransitive [supra.] To paint the face, or rather the cheeks.

Rouge

ROUGE, verb transitive [supra.] To paint, or tinge with red paint.

Rough

ROUGH, a. ruf. [Saxon hreog, hreoh, hrug, reoh, rug, ruh, href, hreof; Dutch ruig, rough, shaggy, whence our rug, rugged; German rauh, rough, and rauch, hoarse, Latin raucus, Italian rauco; Swedish rugg, entangled hair; ruggig, rugged, shaggy; Danish rog, rug, rye; Welsh crec and cryg, rough, rugged, hoarse, curling, and crecian, to creak, to scream, shriek; creg, hoarse, from cryg, or the same word varied. Cryg is from rhyg, rye, that is, rough; [crwca, crooked, is probably from the same source;] Saxon raca, hraca, a cough; Latin ruga, a wrinkle; Welsh rhoÃƒ-§i, to grunt or growl; rhwc, what is rough, irregular, a grunt; rhwÃƒ-§iaw, to grunt; rhuwc, a rug, a rough garment, an exterior coat; rhuc, a coat, husk or shell; rhwnc, a snoring, snorting, or rattling noise. The latter is probably from the same root, from roughness, and this is the Greek, to snore; Armoric rochat or dirochat, to snore; diroch, snoring. The Welsh unites rough with creak, shriek; and shrug is formed on the root of Latin ruga, a wrinkle, a ridge. See Ridge. The primary sense is to stretch or strain; but applied to roughness or wrinkling, it is to draw or contract, a straining together.]

1. Having inequalities, small ridges or points on the surface; not smooth or plane; as a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth.

2. Stony; abounding with stones and stumps; as rough land; or simply with stones; as a rough road.

3. Not wrought or polished; as a rough diamond.

4. Thrown into huge waves; violently agitated; as a rough sea.

5. Tempestuous; stormy; boisterous; as rough weather.

6. Austere to the taste; harsh; as rough wine.

7. Harsh to the ear; grating; jarring; unharmonious; as rough sounds; rough numbers.

Pope.

8. Rugged of temper; severe; austere; rude; not mild or courteous.

A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.

Shak.

9. Coarse in manners; rude.

A surly boatman, rough as seas and wind.

Prior.

10. Harsh; violent; not easy; as a rough remedy.

Clarendon.

11. Harsh; severe; uncivil; as rough usage.

Locke.

12. Hard featured; not delicate; as a rough visage.

Dryden.

13. Terrible; dreadful.

On the rough edge of battle, ere it join'd,

Satan advanc'd.

Milton.

14. Rugged; disordered in appearance; coarse.

Rough from the tossing surge Ulysses moves.

Pope.

15. Hairy; shaggy; covered with hairs, bristles and the like.

Rough-Cast

ROUGH-CAST, v. t. ruf'-cast. [rough and cast.]

1. To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction and polish.

Dryden.

2. To mold without nicety or elegance, or to form with asperities.

Cleaveland.

3. To cover with a mixture of plaster and shells or pebbles; as, to rough-cast a building.

Rough-Cast

ROUGH-CAST, n. ruf'-cast. A rude model; the form of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished.

Digby.

2. A plaster with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings.

Rough-Draught

ROUGH-DRAUGHT, n. ruf'-draft. A draught in its rudiments; a draught not perfected; a sketch.

Dryden.

Rough-Draw

ROUGH-DRAW, v. t. ruf'-draw. To draw or delineate coarsely.

Dryden.

Rough-Drawn

ROUGH-DRAWN, pp. ruf'-drawn. Coarsely drawn.

Roughen

ROUGHEN, v. t. ruf'n. [from rough.] To make rough.

Swift.

Roughen

ROUGHEN, v. i. ruf'n. To grow or become rough.

Thomson.

Rough-Footed

ROUGH-FOOTED, a. ruf'-footed. Fether-footed; as a rough-footed dove.

Sherwood.

Rough-Hew

ROUGH-HEW, v. t. ruf'-hew. [rough and hew.]

1. To hew coarsely without smoothing; as, to rough-hew timber.

2. To give the first form or shape to a thing.

There's a divinity that shapes our ends,

Rough-hew them how we will.

Shak.

Rough-Hewn

ROUGH-HEWN, participle passive or a. ruf'-hewn. Hewn coarsely without smoothing.

2. Rugged; unpolished; of coarse manners; rude.

A rough-hewn seaman.

Bacon.

3. Unpolished; not nicely finished.

Howell.

Roughings

ROUGHINGS, n. ruf'ings. Grass after mowing or reaping. [Local.]

Roughly

ROUGHLY, adv. ruf'ly. With uneven surface; with asperities on the surface.

2. Harshly; uncivilly; rudely; as, to be treated roughly.

3. Severely; without tenderness; as, to blame to roughly.

Dryden.

4. Austerely to the taste.

5. Boisterously; tempestuously.

6. Harshly to the ear.

7. Violently; not gently.

Roughness

ROUGHNESS, n. ruf'ness. Unevenness of surface, occasioned by small prominences; asperity of surface; as the roughness of a board, of a floor, or of a rock.

2. Austereness to the taste; as the roughness of sloes.

Brown.

3. Taste of astringency.

Spectator.

4. Harshness to the ear; as the roughness of sounds.

Swift.

5. Ruggedness of temper; harshness; austerity.

Addison.

6. Coarseness of manners or behavior; rudeness.

Severity breedeth fear; but roughness breedeth hate.

Bacon.

7. Want of delicacy or refinement; as military roughness.

8. Severity; harshness or violence of discipline.

9. Violence of operation in medicines.

10. Unpolished or unfinished state; as the roughness of a gem or a draught.

11. Inelegance of dress or appearance.

12. Tempestuousness; boisterousness; as of winds or weather.

13. Violent agitation by wind; as the roughness of the sea in a storm.

14. Coarseness of features.

Rough-Shod

ROUGH-SHOD, a. ruf'-shod. Shod with shoes armed with points; as a rough-shod horse. [This word is not generally used in America. In New-England, instead of rough-shod, calked is used.]

Rought

ROUGHT, for raught; pret. of reach. Obs.

Shak.

Rough-Work

ROUGH-WORK, v. t. ruf'-work. [rough and work.]

To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish.

Moxon.

Rough-Wrought

ROUGH-WROUGHT, a. ruf'-raut. Wrought or done coarsely.

Rouleau

ROULEAU, n. roolo'. [French] A little roll; a roll of guineas in paper.

Pope.

Roun

ROUN, verb intransitive [German raunen; Saxon runian, from run, runa, mystery; whence runic.]

To whisper. Obs.

Gower.

Roun

ROUN, verb transitive To address in a whisper. Obs.

Bret.

Rounce

ROUNCE, n. rouns'. The handle of a printing press.

Rounceval

ROUN'CEVAL, noun [from Spanish Roncesvalles, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees.]

A variety of pea, so called.

Tusser.

Round

ROUND, adjective [French rond; Italian Spanish Portugese ronda, a round; Armoric roundt; German Danish Swedish rund; Dutch rond. Qu. Welsh crwn, Irish cruin, Armoric cren.]

1. Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globular. Round is applicable to a cylinder as well as to a globe or sphere. We say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round.

2. Full; large; as a round sum or price.

Addison.

3. Full; smooth; flowing; not defective or abrupt.

In his satires, Horace is quick, round and pleasant.

Peacham.

His style, though round and comprehensiveÃ‚--

Fell.

4. Plain; open; candid; fair.

Round dealing is the honor of man's nature.

Bacon.

Let her be round with him.

Shak.

5. Full; quick; brisk; as a round trot.

Addison.

6. Full; plump; bold; positive; as a round assertion.

A round number, is a number that ends with a cypher, and may be divided by 10 without a remainder; a complete or full number. It is remarkable that the Welsh cant, a hundred, the Latin centum, and Saxon hund, signify properly a circle, and this use of round may have originated in a like idea.

Round

ROUND, noun A circle; a circular thing, or a circle in motion.

With rounds of waxen tapers on their heads.

Shak.

Knit your hands, and beat the ground

In a light fantastic round.

Milton.

2. Action or performance in a circle, or passing through a series of hands or things, and coming to the point of beginning; or the time of such action.

Women to cards may be compared; we play

A round or two; when used, we throw away.

Granville.

The feast was serv'd; the bowl was crown'd;

To the king's pleasure went the mirthful round.

Prior.

So we say, a round of labors or duties. We run the daily round.

Addison.

3. Rotation in office; succession in vicissitude.

Holyday.

4. A rundle; the step of a ladder.

All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise.

Dryden.

5. A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe. Hence the officer and men who perform this duty are called the rounds.

Encyc.

6. A dance; a song; a roundelay, or a species of fugue.

Davies.

7. A general discharge of fire-arms by a body of troops, in which each soldier fires once. In volleys, it is usual for a company or regiment to fire three rounds.

A round of cartridges and balls, one cartridge to each man; as, to supply a regiment with a single round or with twelve rounds of cartridges.

Round

ROUND, adverb On all sides.

Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round. Luke 19.

2. Circularly; in a circular form; as, a wheel turns round.

3. From one side or party to another; as, to come or turn round. Hence these expressions signify to change sides or opinions.

4. Not in a direct line; by a course longer than the direct course. The shortest course is not the best; let us go round.

All round, in common speech, denotes over the whole place, or in every direction.

Round about is tautological.

Round

ROUND, prep. On every side of; as, the people stood round him; the sun sheds light round the earth. In this sense, around is much used, and all is often used to modify the word. They stood all round or around him.

2. About; in a circular course, or in all parts; as, to go round the city. He led his guest round his fields and garden. He wanders round the world.

3. Circularly; about; as, to wind a cable round the windlass.

To come or get round one, in popular language, is to gain advantage over one by flattery or deception; to circumvent.

Round

ROUND, verb transitive To make circular, spherical or cylindrical; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of any thing.

Worms with many feet, that round themselves into balls, are bred chiefly under logs of timber.

Bacon.

2. To surround; to encircle; to encompass.

Th' inclusive verge

Of golden metal that must round my brow.

Shak.

Our little life is rounded with a sleep.

Shak.

3. To form to the arch or figure of the section of a circle.

The figures on our modern medals are raised and rounded to very great perfection.

Addison.

4. To move about any thing; as, the sun, in polar regions, rounds the horizon.

Milton.

5. To make full, smooth and flowing; as, to round periods in writing.

Swift.

To round in, among seamen, to pull upon a slack rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direction nearly horizontal.

Mar. Dict.

Round

ROUND, verb intransitive To grow or become round.

The queen, your mother, rounds apace.

Shak.

2. To go round, as a guard.

Ã‚--They nightly rounding walk.

Milton.

To round to, in sailing, is to turn the head of the ship towards the wind.

Round

ROUND, verb intransitive [a corruption of roun; Saxon runian; German raunen.]

To whisper; as, to round in the ear. Obs.

Bacon.

Roundabout

ROUND'ABOUT, adjective [round and about.] Indirect; going round; loose.

Paraphrase is a roundabout way of translating.

Felton.

2. Ample; extensive; as roundabout sense.

Locke.

3. Encircling; encompassing.

Tatler.

[In any sense, this word is inelegant.]

Roundabout

ROUND'ABOUT, noun A large strait coat.

Roundel

ROUND'EL, or ROUND'ELAY, or ROUND'O, noun [French rondelet, from rond, round.]

1. A sort of ancient poem, consisting of thirteen verses, of which eight are in one kind of rhyme, and five in another. It is divided into couplets; at the end of the second and third of which, the beginning of the poem is repeated, and that, if possible, in an equivocal or punning sense.

Trevoux. Encyc.

2. [French rondelle, a little shield.] A round form or figure. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Rounder

ROUND'ER, noun [See Rondure.] Circumference; inclosure. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Roundhead

ROUND'HEAD, noun [round and head.] A name formerly given to a puritan, from the practice which prevailed among the puritans of cropping the hair round.

Spectator.

Roundheaded

ROUND'HEADED, adjective Having a round head or top.

Lowth.

Roundhouse

ROUND'HOUSE, noun A constable's prison; the prison to secure persons taken up by the night-watch, till they can be examined by a magistrate.

Encyc.

2. In a ship of war, a certain necessary near the head, for the use of particular officers.

3. In large merchantmen and ships of war, a cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; sometimes called the coach. It is the master's lodging room.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Rounding

ROUND'ING, participle of the present tense Making round or circular.

2. Making full, flowing and smooth.

Rounding

ROUND'ING, adjective Round or roundish; nearly round.

Rounding

ROUND'ING, noun Among seamen, old ropes wound about the part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the stem, to prevent its chafing.

Rounding in, a pulling upon a slack rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direction nearly horizontal. Rounding up is a pulling in like manner, when a tackle hangs in a perpendicular direction.

Mar. Dict.

Roundish

ROUND'ISH, adjective Somewhat round; nearly round; as a roundish seed; a roundish figure.

Boyle.

Roundishness

ROUND'ISHNESS, noun The state of being roundish.

Roundlet

ROUND'LET, noun A little circle.

Gregory.

Roundly

ROUND'LY, adverb In a round form or manner.

2. Openly; boldly; without reserve; peremptorily.

He affirms every thing roundly.

Addison.

3. Plainly; fully. He gives them roundly to understand that their duty is submission.

4. Briskly; with speed.

When the mind has brought itself to attention, it will be able to cope with difficulties and master them, and then it may go on roundly.

Locke.

5. Completely; to the purpose; vigorously; in earnest.

Shak. Davies.

Roundness

ROUND'NESS, noun The quality of being round, circular, spherical, globular or cylindrical; circularity; sphericity; cylindrical form; rotundity; as the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, &c.

Watts.

2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as the roundness of a period.

3. Openness; plainness; boldness; positiveness; as the roundness of an assertion.

Roundridge

ROUND'RIDGE, verb transitive [round and ridge.] In tillage, to form round ridges by plowing.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Roundrobin

ROUND'ROBIN, noun [French rond and ruban. Todd.]

A written petition, memorial or remonstrance signed by names in a ring or circle.

Forbes.

Rounds

ROUNDS, n. plu. [See Round, noun No. 5.]

2. Round-top. [See Top.]

Rouse

ROUSE, v. t. rouz. [This word, written also arouse, seems to belong to the family of raise or rush. See Raise. In Saxon hrysan, to shake and to rush; Gothic hrisyan, to shake.]

1. To wake from sleep or repose. Genesis 49.

2. To excite to thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity or in attention.

Addison. Atterbury.

3. To put into action; to agitate.

Blust'ring winds that rous'd the sea.

Milton.

4. To drive a beast from his den or place of rest.

Denham. Pope.

Rouse

ROUSE, verb intransitive To awake from sleep or repose.

Morpheus rouses from his bed.

Pope.

2. To be excited to thought or action from a state of indolence, sluggishness, languor or inattention.

Rouse

ROUSE, verb intransitive In seamen's language, to pull together upon a cable, &c. without the assistance of tackles or other mechanical power.

Mar. Dict.

Rouse

ROUSE, n. rouz. [Dutch roes, a bumper; German rausch, drunkenness; rauschen, to rush, to rustle.]

A full glass of liquor; a bumper in honor of a health. Obs.

Shak.

Roused

ROUS'ED, participle passive Awakened from sleep; excited to thought or action.

Rouser

ROUS'ER, noun One that rouses or excites.

Rousing

ROUS'ING, participle of the present tense Awaking from sleep; exciting; calling into action.

2. adjective Having power to awaken or excite.

3. Great; violent; as a rousing fire. [Vulgar.]

Rout

ROUT, noun [German rotte, Dutch rot, Danish rode, a set, gang, rabble; Danish rotter, German rotten, to combine together, to plot; Dutch rotten, to assemble, and to rot; Welsh rhawter, a crowd; French ruta, a herd. Qu. from the root of crowd, or from breaking, bursting, noise.]

1. A rabble; a clamorous multitude; a tumultuous crowd; as a rout of people assembled.

The endless routs of wretched thralls.

Spenser.

2. In law, a rout is where three persons or more meet to do an unlawful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down fences on a right claimed of common or of way, and make some advances towards it.

Blackstone.

3. A select company; a party for gaming.

Rout

ROUT, noun [French deroute; Italian rotta, a breaking, a defeat, a rout; rotto, broken, defeated; rottura, a rupture; Spanish rota, roto. This is a corruption of the Latin ruptus, from rumpo, to break. Class Rb.]

The breaking or defeat of an army or band of troops, or the disorder and confusion of troops thus defeated and put to flight.

Milton.

Rout

ROUT, verb transitive To break the ranks of troops and put them to flight in disorder; to defeat and throw into confusion.

The king's horseÃ‚--routed and defeated the whole army.

Clarendon.

Rout

ROUT, verb intransitive To assemble in a clamorous and tumultuous crowd. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Rout

ROUT, noun [French route; Spanish rauta; Armoric roud; Welsh rhawd, a rout or way; rhodiaw, to walk about; road. See Road. It belongs to the family of ride and Latin gradior; properly a going or passing.]

The course or way which is traveled or passed, or to be passed; a passing; a course; a march.

Wide through the furzy field their rout they take.

Gay.

Rout and road are not synonymous. We say, to mend or repair a road, but not to mend a rout. We use rout for a course of passing, and not without reference to the passing of some person or body of men; but rout is not the road itself.

Rout

ROUT, verb intransitive [Saxon hrutan.] To snore. Obs.

Chaucer.

Rout

ROUT, verb transitive [for root.] To turn up the ground with the snout; to search. [Not in use.]

Routine

ROUTINE, n. rootee'n. [French from Latin rota, a wheel.]

1. A round of business, amusements or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued; particularly, a course of business or official duties, regularly or frequently returning.

2. Any regular habit or practice not accommodated to circumstances.

Rove

ROVE, verb intransitive [Danish rÃƒ-¶ver, to rob; Swedish r?fva. This corresponds with the Saxon reafian and Latin rapio, French ravir. In Swedish str?fva, to rove or wander, appears to be formed on this root. In Dutch rooven, German rauben, signify to rob.]

To wander; to ramble; to range; to go, move or pass without certain direction in any manner, by walking, riding, flying or otherwise.

For who has power to walk, has power to rove.

Arbuthnot.

Rove

ROVE, verb transitive To wander over; as roving a field; roving the town. This is an elliptical form of expression, for roving over, through or about the town.

Rove

ROVE, verb transitive [Qu. reeve.] To draw a thread, string or cord through an eye or aperture.

Rover

RO'VER, noun A wanderer; one who rambles about.

2. A fickle or inconstant person.

3. A robber or pirate; a freebooter. [So corsair is from Latin cursus, curro, to run.]

Bacon.

At rovers, without any particular aim; at random; as shooting at rovers.

South. Addison.

[I never heard this expression in the U. States.]

Roving

RO'VING, participle of the present tense Rambling; wandering; passing a cord through an eye.

Row

ROW, noun [Saxon rawa; German reihe; Dutch rei. The Welsh has rhes. It is a contracted word, and probably the elements are Rg; the same as of rank. The primary sense is probably to stretch, to reach. If the elements are Rd, it coincides with rod; Swedish rad, a row.]

A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as a row of trees; a row of gems or pearls; a row of houses or columns.

Where the bright Seraphim in burning row.

Milton.

Row

ROW, verb transitive [Saxon rowan, reowan; Swedish ro; Danish roer; Dutch roeijen; the latter signifies to row and to guage; German ruder, an oar; rudern, to row; Saxon rother, an oar; Greek, to row; an oar. If the noun is the primary word, ruder and rother, an oar, may be from the root of rod, Latin radius, or from the root of rado, to rub, grate, sweep. If the verb is the primary word, the sense is to sweep, to urge, drive, impel. Class Rd. See Rudder.]

1. To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water by oars; as, to row a boat.

2. To transport by rowing; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge.

Row

ROW, verb intransitive To labor with the oar; as, to row well; to row with oars muffled.

Rowable

ROWABLE, adjective Capable of being rowed or rowed upon. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Rowed

ROWED, participle passive Driven by oars.

Rowel

ROW'EL, noun [Old French rouelle; German rÃƒ-¤del; Spanish rodaja, a small wheel, a rowel; rueda, a wheel, Latin rota, Welsh rhod. The French rouelle is a diminutive of roue, contracted from rota.]

1. The little wheel of a spur, formed with sharp points.

2. Among farriers, a roll of hair or silk, used as an issue on horses, answering to a seton in surgery.

Encyc.

3. A little flat ring or wheel of plate or iron on horses' bits.

Spenser.

Rowel

ROW'EL, verb transitive To insert a rowel in; to pierce the skin and keep open the wound by a rowel.

Mortimer.

Rowen

ROW'EN, noun [Qu. Hebrew, to be green, to thrive.]

Rowen is a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green.

Notes on Tusser.

Turn your cows that give milk into your rowens, till snow comes.

Mortimer.

2. In New England, the second growth of grass in a season. We never apply the word to a field, nor to a growth of corn, after harvest, nor is the word ever used in the plural. The first growth of grass for mowing is called the first crop, and the second rowen.

Rower

ROWER, noun One that rows or manages an oar in rowing.

Rowing

ROWING, participle of the present tense Impelling, as a boat by oars.

Rowley-Ragg

ROWLEY-RAGG. [See Ragg.]

Row-Lock

ROW-LOCK, noun That part of a boat's gunwale on which the oar rests in rowing.

Mar. Dict.

Row-Port

ROW-PORT, noun A little square hole in the side of small vessels of war, near the surface of the water, for the use of an oar for rowing in a calm.

Mar. Dict.

Royal

ROY'AL, adjective [French royal; Italian reale; Spanish Portugese real; contracted from Latin regalis, from rex, king. See Reck and Right.]

1. Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal; as royal power or prerogative; a royal garden; royal domains; the royal family.

2. Becoming a king; magnificent; as royal state.

3. Noble; illustrious.

How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio?

Shak.

Royal

ROY'AL, noun A large kind of paper. It is used as a noun or an adjective.

2. Among seamen, a small sail spread immediately above the top-gallant-sail; sometimes termed the top-gallant-royal.

Mar. Dict.

3. One of the shoots of a stag's head.

Bailey.

4. In artillery, a small mortar.

5. In England, one of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe.

James.

Royalism

ROY'ALISM, noun Attachment to the principles or cause of royalty, or to a royal government.

Madison.

Royalist

ROY'ALIST, noun An adherent to a king, or one attached to a kingly government.

Where Candish fought, the royalists prevail'd

Waller.

Royalize

ROY'ALIZE, verb transitive To make royal.

Shak.

Royally

ROY'ALLY, adverb In a kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.

His body shall be royally interr'd.

Dryden.

Royalty

ROY'ALTY, noun [French royautÃƒ-©; Italian realtÃƒ- .]

1. Kingship; the character, state or office of a king.

Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty.

Holyday.

2. Royalties, plu. emblems of royalty; regalia.

Milton.

3. Rights of a king; prerogatives.

Encyc.

Royne

ROYNE, verb transitive [French rogner.] To bite; to gnaw. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Roynish

ROYN'ISH, adjective [French rogneux, mangy; Spanish roÃƒ-±oso; Italian rognoso.]

Mean; paltry; as the roynish clown. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Roytelet

ROY'TELET, noun [French roitelet, from roi, king.] A little king. [Not in use.]

Heylin.

Roytish

ROY'TISH, adjective Wild; irregular. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Rub

RUB, verb transitive [Welsh rhwbiaw; Dutch wryven; German reiben, to rub, to grate, also to upbraid; reibe, a grater. Qu. Latin probrum, exprobro; Greek, to rub. We have the elements of the word in scrape, scrub, Latin scribo, Greek. Class Rb. No. 30.]

1. To move something along the surface of a body with pressure; as, to rub the face or arms with the hand; to rub the body with flannel. Vessels are scoured or cleaned by rubbing them.

2. To wipe; to clean; to scour; but rub is a generic term, applicable to friction for every purpose.

3. To touch so as to leave behind something which touches; to spread over; as to rub any thing with oil.

4. To polish; to retouch; with over.

The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation.

South.

5. To obstruct by collision. [Unusual.]

Shak.

In popular language, rub is used for teasing, fretting, upbraiding, reproaching or vexing with gibes or sarcasms.

To rub down, to clean by rubbing; to comb or curry, as a horse.

Dryden.

To rub off, to clean any thing by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust.

To rub out, to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out marks or letters.

2. To remove or separate by friction; as, to rub out a stain.

To rub upon, to touch hard.

Sidney.

To rub up, to burnish; to polish; to clean.

2. To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.

Rub

RUB, verb intransitive To move along the surface of a body with pressure; as, a wheel rubs against the gate-post.

2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.

Dryden.

3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world.

Chapman. L'Estrange.

Rub

RUB, noun The act of rubbing; friction.

2. That which renders motion or progress difficult; collision; hinderance; obstruction.

Now every rub is smoothed in our way.

Shak.

Upon this rub the English embassadors thought fit to demur.

Hayward.

All sort of rubs will be laid in the way.

Davenant.

3. Inequality of ground that hinders the motion of a bowl.

Shak.

4. Difficulty; cause of uneasiness; pinch.

To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub.

Shak.

5. Sarcasm; joke; something grating to the feelings.

Rub

RUB, or RUB'-STONE, noun [rub and stone.] A stone, usually some kind of sandstone, used to sharpen instruments; a whetstone.

Rubbage

RUBBAGE, or RUBBIDGE, or RUBBLE, for rubbish, vulgar and not used.

Rubber

RUB'BER, noun One that rubs.

2. The instrument or thing used in rubbing or cleaning.

Swift.

3. A coarse file, or the rough part of it.

Moxon.

4. A whetstone; a rubstone.

5. In gaming, two games out of three; or the game that decides the contest; or a contest consisting of three games.

India rubber, elastic resin, or caoutchouc, a substance produced from the syringe tree of South America; a substance remarkably pliable and elastic.

Encyc.

Rubbish

RUB'BISH, noun [from rub; properly, that which is rubbed off; but not now used in this limited sense.]

1. Fragments of buildings; broken or imperfect pieces of any structure; ruins.

He saw the towns one half in rubbish lie.

Dryden.

2. Waste or rejected matter; any thing worthless.

3. Mingled mass; confusion.

Arbuthnot.

Rubble-Stone

RUB'BLE-STONE, noun A stone, so called from its being rubbed and worn by water; graywacke.

Woodward.

Rubefacient

RU'BEFACIENT, adjective [Latin rubefacio, infra.] Making red.

Rubefacient

RU'BEFACIENT, noun In medicine, a substance or external application which excites redness of the skin.

Rubellite

RU'BELLITE, noun [from Latin rubeus, red.] A silicious mineral of a red color of various shades; the red shorl; siberite. It occurs in accumulated groups of a middle or large size, with straight tubular-like stria. In a red heat, it becomes snow-white and seems to phosphoresce.

Kirwan.

Rubellite is red tourmalin.

Ure. Cyc.

Rubescent

RUBES'CENT, adjective [Latin rubescens, rubesco, from rubeo, to redden or to be red.]

Growing or becoming red; tending to a red color.

Rubican

RU'BICAN, adjective [French from Latin rubeo, to be red.]

Rubican color of a horse, is a bay, sorrel or black, with a light gray or white upon the flanks, but the gray or white not predominant there.

Far. Dict.

Rubicel

RU'BICEL, noun [Latin rubeo, to be red.] A gem or mineral, a variety of ruby of a reddish color, from Brazil.

Nicholson.

Rubicund

RU'BICUND, adjective [Latin rubicundus.] Inclining to redness.

Rubied

RU'BIED, adjective Red as a ruby; as a rubied lip; rubied nectar.

Milton.

Rubific

RUBIF'IC, adjective [Latin ruber and facio.] Making red; as rubific rays.

Rubification

RUBIFICA'TION, noun The act of making red.

Chimistry.

Rubiform

RU'BIFORM, adjective [Latin ruber, red, and form.] Having the form of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun are least refrangible.

Newton.

Rubify

RU'BIFY, verb transitive [Latin ruber, red, and facio, to make.] To make red. [Little used.]

Brown.

Rubious

RU'BIOUS, adjective [Latin rubeus.] Red; ruddy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ruble

RU'BLE, n. roo'bl. [Russian from rublyu, to cut.]

A silver coin of Russia, of the value of about fifty seven cents, or two shillings and seven pence sterling; in Russia, a hundred kopecks; originally, the fourth part of a grivna or pound, which was cut into four equal parts.

Russian Dict. Tooke.

Rubric

RU'BRIC, noun [French rubrique; Latin Italian Spanish rubrica; from Latin rubeo, to be red.]

1. In the canon law, a title or article in certain ancient law books; so called because written in red letters.

Encyc.

2. Directions printed in prayer books.

The rubric and the rules relating to the liturgy are established by royal authority, as well as the liturgy itself.

Nelson.

Rubric

RU'BRIC, verb transitive To adorn with red.

Rubric

RU'BRIC, or RU'BRICAL, adjective Red.

Rubrical

RU'BRICAL, adjective Placed in rubrics.

Rubricate

RU'BRICATE, verb transitive [Latin rubricatus.] To mark or distinguish with red.

Herbert.

Rubricate

RU'BRICATE, adjective Marked with red.

Spelman.

Ruby

RU'BY, noun [French rubis; Spanish rubi; Portugese rubi, rubim; Italian rubino; Dutch robyn; German Danish Swedish rubin; Irish id.; from Latin rubeo, to be red.]

1. A precious stone; a mineral of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red; but its parts vary in color, and hence it is called sapphire ruby or orange red, and by some vermeille or rubicel.

Kirwan.

There are two kinds of ruby, the oriental or corundum, and the spinelle. The latter is distinguishable from the former by its color and crystalization.

Phillips.

The ruby is next in hardness and value to the diamond, and highly esteemed in jewelry.

2. Redness; red color.

Shak.

3. Any thing red.

Milton.

4. A blain; a blotch; a carbuncle. [The ruby is said to be the stone called by Pliny a carbuncle.]

Ruby of arsenic or sulphur, is the realgar, or red combination of arsenic and sulphur.

Encyc. Nicholson.

Ruby of zink, is the red blend.

Rock ruby, the amethystizontes of the ancients, is the most valued species of garnet.

Encyc.

Ruby

RU'BY, verb transitive To make red.

Pope.

Ruby

RU'BY, adjective Of the color of the ruby; red; as ruby lips.

Ruck

RUCK, verb transitive [Latin rugo, to wrinkle, to fold; ruga, a fold.]

1. To cower; to bend and set close. [Not in use.]

Gower.

2. To wrinkle; as, to ruck up cloth or a garment.

[In this sense, the word is still used by the common people of New England.]

Ruck

RUCK, noun A wrinkle; a fold; a plait.

Ructation

RUCTA'TION, noun [Latin ructo, to belch.] The act of belching wind from the stomach.

Rud

RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is a different spelling of red. Obs. [See Ruddy.]

Rud

RUD, noun [Saxon rude. See Red and Ruddy.]

1. Redness; blush; also, red ocher.

2. The fish rudd.

Rudd

RUDD, noun [probably from red, ruddy.] A fish of the genus Cyprinus, with a deep body like the bream, but thicker, a prominent back, and small head. The back is of an olive color; the sides and belly yellow, marked with red; the ventral and anal fins and tail of a deep red color.

Dict. N. Hist.

Rudder

RUD'DER, noun [German ruder, an oar and a rudder; Saxon rother, an oar; Dutch roer, for roeder; Swedish roder; Danish roer. See Row. The oar was the first rudder used by man, and is still the instrument of steering certain boats.]

1. In navigation, the instrument by which a ship is steered; that part of the helm which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the bottom, which enters the water and is attached to the stern-post by hinges, on which it turns. This timber is managed by means of the tiller or wheel.

Mar. Dict.

2. That which guides or governs the course.

For rhyme the rudder is of verses.

Hudibras.

3. A sieve. [Local. See Riddle.]

Rudder perch, a small fish with the upper part of the body brown, varied with large round spots of yellow, the belly and sides streaked with lines of white and yellow. This fish is said to follow the rudders of ships in the warm parts of the Atlantic.

Catesby. Pennant.

Ruddiness

RUD'DINESS, noun [from ruddy.] The state of being ruddy; redness, or rather a lively flesh color; that degree of redness which characterizes high health; applied chiefly to the complexion or color of the human skin; as the ruddiness of the cheeks or lips.

Ruddle

RUD'DLE, noun [Welsh rhuzell; from the root of red, ruddy.]

The name of a species of chalk or red earth, colored by iron.

Woodward.

Ruddle-Man

RUD'DLE-MAN, noun One who digs ruddle.

Ruddoc

RUD'DOC, noun [Saxon rudduc; from the root of red, ruddy.]

A bird; otherwise called red-breast.

Carew.

Ruddy

RUD'DY, adjective [Saxon rude, rudu, reod; Dutch rood; German roth; Welsh rhuz; Greek; Sanscrit rudhira, blood. This seems to be a dialectical orthography of red, which see.]

1. Of a red color; of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health. Thus we say, ruddy cheeks, ruddy lips, a ruddy face or skin, a ruddy youth; and in poetic language, ruddy fruit. But the word is chiefly applied to the human skin.

Dryden. Otway.

2. Of a bright yellow color; as ruddy gold. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Rude

RUDE, adjective [French rude; It rude and rozzo; Spanish rudo; Latin rudis; Dutch ruw; German roh, raw, crude; Armoric rust. The sense is probably rough, broken, and this word may be allied to raw and crude. See Class Rd. No. 35. 38.]

1. Rough; uneven; rugged; unformed by art; as rude workmanship, that is, roughly finished; rude and unpolished stones.

Stillingfleet.

2. Rough; of coarse manners; unpolished; uncivil; clownish; rustic; as a rude countryman; rude behavior; rude treatment; a rude attack.

Ruffian, let go that rude uncivil touch.

Shak.

3. Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; turbulent; as rude winds; the rude agitation of the sea.

Boyle.

4. Violent; fierce; impetuous; as the rude shock of armies.

5. Harsh; inclement; as the rude winter.

Waller.

6. Ignorant; untaught; savage; barbarous; as the rude natives of America or of New Holland; the rude ancestors of the Greeks.

7. Raw; untaught; ignorant; not skilled or practiced; as rude in speech; rude in arms.

Wotton.

8. Artless; inelegant; not polished; as a rude translation of Virgil.

Dryden.

Rudely

RU'DELY, adverb With roughness; as a mountain rudely formed.

2. Violently; fiercely; tumultuously. The door was rudely assaulted.

3. In a rude or uncivil manner; as, to be rudely accosted.

4. Without exactness or nicety; coarsely; as work rudely executed.

I that am rudely stamp'd, and want love's majesty

To strut before a wanton ambling nymph.

Shak.

5. Unskillfully.

My muse, though rudely, has resign'd

Some faint resemblance of his godlike mind.

Dryden.

6. Without elegance.

Rudeness

RU'DENESS, noun A rough broken state; unevenness; wildness; as the rudeness of a mountain, country or landscape.

2. Coarseness of manners; incivility; rusticity; vulgarity.

And kings the rudeness of their joy must bear.

Dryden.

3. Ignorance; unskillfulness.

What he did amiss was rather through rudeness and want of judgmentÃ‚--

Hayward.

4. Artlessness; coarseness; inelegance; as the rudeness of a painting or piece of sculpture.

5. Violence; impetuosity; as the rudeness of an attack or shock.

6. Violence; storminess; as the rudeness of winds or of the season.

Rudenture

RU'DENTURE, noun [French from Latin rudens, a rope.]

In architecture, the figure of a rope or staff, plain or carved, with which the flutings of columns are sometimes filled.

Bailey.

Ruderary

RU'DERARY, adjective [Low Latin ruderarius; from the root of rudis, and indicating the primary sense of rude to be broken.] Belonging to rubbish. [Not used.]

Dict.

Ruderation

RUDERA'TION, noun [Latin ruderatio, from rudero, to pave with broken stones.]

The act of paving with pebbles or little stones. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Rudesby

RU'DESBY, noun An uncivil turbulent fellow. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rudiment

RU'DIMENT, noun [French from Latin rudimentum. If connected with erudio, it denotes what is taught, and erudio may be connected with the Gothic rodyan, to speak, Saxon roedan, to read. But the real origin is not obvious. It may have been formed from some word in Rd, signifying to shoot or spring.]

1. A first principle or element; that which is to be first learnt; as the rudiments of learning or science. Articulate sounds are the rudiments of language; letters or characters are the rudiments of written language; the primary rules of any art or science are its rudiments. Hence instruction in the rudiments of any art or science, constitutes the beginning of education in that art or science.

2. The original of any thing in its first form. Thus in botany, the germen, ovary or seed-bud, is the rudiment of the fruit yet in embryo; and the seed is the rudiment of a new plant.

Martyn.

Rudiment, in natural history, is also an imperfect organ; one which is never fully formed. Thus the flowers in the genus Pentstemon, have four stamens and a rudiment of a fifth, (a simple filament without an anther.)

God beholds the first imperfect rudiments of virtue in the soul.

Spectator.

Rudiment

RU'DIMENT, verb transitive To furnish with first principles or rules; to ground; to settle in first principles.

Gayton.

Rudimental

RUDIMENT'AL, adjective Initial; pertaining to rudiments, or consisting in first principles; as rudimental essays.

Spectator.

Rue

RUE, v. t. ru. [Saxon reowian, hreowian; Welsh rhuaw, rhuadu; Dutch rouwen, German reuen, to repent; Danish Swedish ruelse, contrition. This is the Latin rudo, to roar, to bray. Class Rd.]

To lament; to regret; to grieve for; as, to rue the commission of a crime; to rue the day.

Thy will

Chose freely what it now so justly rues.

Milton.

Rue

RUE, verb intransitive To have compassion. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Rue

RUE, noun Sorrow; repentance. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Rue

RUE, n. ru. [Saxon rude; Dutch ruit; German raute; Danish rude; Greek; Latin Italian ruta; Spanish ruda; French rue; Armoric ry; Irish ruith, raith; Cornish ryte. Rue is a contracted word. Qu. from its bitter taste, grating, roughness.]

A plant of the genus Ruta, of several species. The common garden rue is medicinal, as a stimulant and detergent.

Encyc.

Rueful

RUEFUL, a. ru'ful. [rue and full.] Woful; mournful; sorrowful; to be lamented.

Spur them to rueful work.

Shak.

2. Expressing sorrow.

He sigh'd and cast a rueful eye.

Dryden.

Ruefully

RU'EFULLY, adverb Mournfully; sorrowfully.

More.

Ruefulness

RU'EFULNESS, noun Sorrowfulness; mournfulness.

Rueing

RU'EING, noun Lamentation.

Smith.

Ruelle

RUELLE, n. ruel'. [French a narrow street, from rue, a street.]

A circle; a private circle or assembly at a private house. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Rufescent

RUFES'CENT, adjective [Latin rufesco, to grow red.] Reddish; tinged with red.

Ed. Encyc.

Ruff

RUFF, noun [Armoric rouffenn, a wrinkle; Welsh rhevu, to thicken.]

1. A piece of plaited linen worn by females around the neck.

Addison.

2. Something puckered or plaited.

Pope.

3. A small fish, a species of Perca.

Walton.

4. A bird of the genus Tringa, with a tuft of fethers around the neck of the male, whence the name. The female is called reeve.

Ed. Encyc.

5. A state of roughness. [Saxon hreof.] Obs.

Chapman.

6. Pride; elevation; as princes in the ruff of all their glory.

L'Estrange.

7. A particular species of pigeon.

8. At cards, the act of winning the trick by trumping the cards of another suit. [Dutch troef, troeven.]

Ruff

RUFF, verb transitive To ruffle; to disorder.

Spenser.

2. To trump any other suit of cards at whist. [Dutch troeven.]

Ruffian

RUF'FIAN, noun [If this word signifies primarily a robber, it is from the root of rob, Swedish r?fva, Danish rÃƒ-¶ver. In Scottish, ruffie is a worthless fellow. In Italian ruffiano is a pimp, Spanish rufian, Portugese rufiam; Dutch roffiaan, id.]

A boisterous, brutal fellow; a fellow ready for any desperate crime; a robber; a cutthroat; a murderer.

Addison.

Ruffian

RUF'FIAN, adjective Brutal; savagely boisterous; as ruffian rage.

Pope.

Ruffian

RUF'FIAN, verb intransitive To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult.

Shak.

Ruffian-Like

RUF'FIAN-LIKE, adjective Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; violent; licentious.

Fulke.

Ruffle

RUF'FLE, verb transitive [Belgic, ruyffelen, to wrinkle. Chaucer has riveling, wrinkling, and Spelman cites rifflura or rufflura from Bracton, as signifying in law a breach or laceration of the skin, made by the stroke of a stick.]

1. Properly, to wrinkle; to draw or contract into wrinkles, open plaits or folds.

Addison.

2. To disorder by disturbing a smooth surface; to make uneven by agitation; as, to ruffle the sea or a lake.

She smooth'd the ruffl'd seas.

Dryden.

3. To discompose by disturbing a calm state of; to agitate; to disturb; as, to ruffle the mind; to ruffle the passions or the temper. It expresses less than fret and vex.

4. To throw into disorder or confusion.

Ã‚--Where best

He might the ruffl'd foe invest.

Hudibras.

5. To throw together in a disorderly manner.

I ruffl'd up fall'n leaves in heap. [Unusual.]

Chapman.

6. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.

Ruffle

RUF'FLE, verb intransitive To grow rough or turbulent; as, the winds ruffle.

Shak.

2. To play loosely; to flutter.

On his right shoulder his thick mane reclin'd,

Ruffles at speed and dances in the wind.

Dryden.

3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention.

They would ruffle with jurors. Obs.

Bacon.

Ruffle

RUF'FLE, noun A strip of plaited cambric or other fine cloth attached to some border of a garment, as to the wristband or bosom. That at the bosom is sometimes called by the English, a frill.

2. Disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind or temper in a ruffle.

Ruffle

RUF'FLE, or RUFF, noun A particular beat or roll of the drum, used on certain occasions in military affairs, as a mark of respect. Lieutenant Generals have three ruffles, as they pass by the regiment, guard, &c. Major generals have two, brigadiers one, &c.

Encyc.

Ruffle

RUF'FLE, or RUFF, verb transitive To beat the ruff or roll of the drum.

Ruffled

RUF'FLED, participle passive Disturbed; agitated; furnished with ruffles.

Ruffler

RUF'FLER, noun A bully; a swaggerer. [Not in use.]

Ruffling

RUF'FLING, participle of the present tense Disturbing; agitating; furnishing with ruffles.

Ruffling

RUF'FLING, noun Commotion; disturbance; agitation.

Ruffling

RUF'FLING, or RUF'FING, participle of the present tense Beating a roll of the drum.

Ruffling

RUF'FLING, or RUF'FING, noun A particular beat or roll of the drum, used on certain occasions as a mark of respect.

Rufous

RU'FOUS, adjective [Latin rufus; Spanish rufo; Portugese ruivo; probably from the root of Latin rubeo.]

Reddish; of a reddish color, or rather of a yellowish red.

Rufter-Hood

RUF'TER-HOOD, noun In falconry, a hood to be worn by a hawk when she is first drawn.

Bailey.

Rug

RUG, noun [Dutch ruig, German rauch, rough, hairy, shaggy; Swedish rugg, entangled hair; ruggig, rugged, shaggy. This coincides with Danish rug, Welsh rhyg, rye, that is, rough; Welsh rhug, something abounding with points. In Welsh brycan is a rug, a clog, a brogue for the feet, a covering. This belongs to the great family of rough, Latin ruga, raucus.]

1. A coarse nappy woolen cloth used for a bed cover, and in modern times particularly, for covering the carpet before a fire-place. This name was formerly given to a coarse kind of frieze used for winter garments, and it may be that the poor in some countries still wear it. But in America, I believe the name is applied only to a bed cover for ordinary beds, and to a covering before a fire-place.

2. A rough, woolly or shaggy dog.

Rugged

RUG'GED, adjective [from the root of rug, rough, which see.]

1. Rough; full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points or crags, or otherwise uneven; as a rugged mountain; a rugged road.

2. Uneven; not neat or regular.

His well proportion'd beard made rough and rugged

Shak.

3. Rough in temper; harsh; hard; crabbed; austere.

South.

4. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; as rugged weather; a rugged season.

5. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; as a rugged verse in poetry; rugged prose.

Dryden.

6. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; as rugged looks.

7. Violent; rude; boisterous.

Hudibras.

8. Rough; shaggy; as a rugged bear.

Fairfax.

9. In botany, scabrous; rough with tubercles or stiff points; as a leaf or stem.

Martyn.

Ruggedly

RUG'GEDLY, adverb In a rough or rugged manner.

Ruggedness

RUG'GEDNESS, noun The quality or state of being rugged; roughness; asperity of surface; as the ruggedness of land or of roads.

2. Roughness of temper; harshness; surliness.

3. Coarseness; rudeness of manners.

4. Storminess; boisterousness; as of a season.

Rug-Gowned

RUG'-GOWNED, adjective Wearing a coarse gown or rug.

Beaum.

Rugin

RUG'IN, noun A nappy cloth. [Not used.]

Wiseman.

Rugine

RU'GINE, noun [French] A surgeon's rasp.

Sharp.

Rugose

RU'GOSE, or RU'GOUS, adjective [Latin rugosus, from ruga, a wrinkle.] Wrinkled; full of wrinkles.

Wiseman.

2. In botany, a rugose leaf is when the veins are more contracted than the disk, so that the latter rises into little inequalities, as in sage, primrose, cowslip, &c.

Martyn. Smith.

Rugosity

RUGOS'ITY, noun A state of being wrinkled. [Little used.]

Smith.

Ruin

RU'IN, noun [French ruine, from Latin Spanish ruina; Italian ruina and rovina; from Latin ruo, to fall, to rush down; Welsh rhewin, a sudden glide, slip or fall, ruin; rhew, somethign slippery or smooth, ice, frost; rheu, to move or be active; rhÃƒ-ªb, a running off; rhÃƒ-ªbyz, a destroyer. Perhaps the latter words are of another family.]

1. Destruction; fall; overthrow; defeat; that change of any thing which destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; as the ruin of a house; the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution of government; the ruin of health; the ruin of commerce; the ruin of public or private happiness; the ruin of a project.

2. Mischief; bane; that which destroys.

The errors of young men are the ruin of business.

Bacon.

3. Ruin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of art or other thing; as the ruins of Balbec, Palmyra or Persepolis; the ruins of a wall; a castle in ruins.

The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character.

Buckminster.

4. The decayed or enfeebled remains of a natural object; as, the venerable old man presents a great mind in ruins.

5. The cause of destruction.

They were the ruin of him and of all Israel. 2 Chronicles 28.

Ruin

RU'IN, verb transitive [French ruiner.] To demolish; to pull down, burn, or otherwise destroy; as, to ruin a city or an edifice.

2. To subvert; to destroy; as, to ruin a state or government.

3. To destroy; to bring to an end; as, to ruin commerce or manufactures.

4. To destroy in any manner; as, to ruin health or happiness; to ruin reputation.

5. To counteract; to defeat; as, to ruin a plan or project.

6. To deprive of felicity or fortune.

By thee rais'd I ruin all my foes.

Milton.

Grace with a nod, and ruin with a frown.

Dryden.

7. To impoverish; as, to be ruined by speculation.

The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us.

Franklin.

8. To bring to everlasting misery; as, to ruin the soul.

Ruin

RU'IN, verb intransitive To fall into ruins.

Milton.

2. To run to ruin; to fall into decay or be dilapidated.

Though he his house of polish'd marble build,

Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell.

Sandys.

3. To be reduced; to be brought to poverty or misery.

If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster.

Locke.

[Note. This intransitive use of the verb is now unusual.]

Ruinate

RU'INATE, verb transitive To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty. [This word is ill formed and happily is become obsolete.]

Ruination

RUINA'TION, noun Subversion; overthrow; demolition. [Inelegant and obsolete.]

Ruined

RU'INED, participle passive Demolished; destroyed; subverted; reduced to poverty; undone.

Ruiner

RU'INER, noun One that ruins or destroys.

Champman.

Ruiniform

RU'INIFORM, adjective [Latin ruina and form.] Having the appearance of ruins, or the ruins of houses. Certain minerals are said to be ruiniform.

Ruining

RU'INING, participle of the present tense Demolishing; subverting; destroying; reducing to poverty; bringing to endless misery.

Ruinous

RU'INOUS, adjective [Latin ruinosus; French ruineux.]

1. Fallen to ruin; entirely decayed; demolished; dilapidated; as an edifice, bridge or wall in a ruinous state.

2. Destructive; baneful; pernicious; bringing or tending to bring certain ruin. Who can describe the ruinous practice of intemperance?

3. Composed of ruins; consisting in ruins; as a ruinous heap. Isaiah 17.

Ruinously

RU'INOUSLY, adverb In a ruinous manner; destructively.

Ruinousness

RU'INOUSNESS, noun A ruinous state or quality.

Rule

RULE, noun [Welsh rheol; Armoric reol; Saxon regol, reogol; Swedish Danish German, Dutch regel; French regle; Spanish regla; Portugese regoa, regra; Italian regola; Latin regula. from rego, to govern, that is, to stretch, strain or make straight. I suppose the Welsh rheol to be a contracted word.]

1. Government; sway; empire; control; supreme command or authority.

A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame. Proverbs 17.

And his stern rule the groaning land obey'd.

Pope.

2. That which is established as a principle, standard or directory; that by which any thing is to be adjusted or regulated, or to which it is to be conformed; that which is settled by authority or custom for guidance and direction. Thus a statute or law is a rule of civil conduct; a canon is a rule of ecclesiastical government; the precept or command of a father is a rule of action or obedience to children; precedents in law are rules of decision to judges; maxims and customs furnish rules for regulating our social opinions and manners. The laws of God are rules for directing us in life, paramount to all others.

A rule which you do not apply, is no rule at all.

J. M. Mason.

3. An instrument by which lines are drawn.

A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule.

South.

4. Established mode or course of proceeding prescribed in private life. Every man should have some fixed rules for managing his own affairs.

5. In literature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observed in any art or science.

Encyc.

6. In monasteries, corporations or societies, a law or regulation to be observed by the society and its particular members.

7. In courts, rules are the determinations and orders of court, to be observed by its officers in conducting the business of the court.

8. In arithmetic and algebra, a determinate mode prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result.

9. In grammar, an established form of construction in a particular class of words; or the expression of that form in words. Thus it is a rule in English, that s or es, added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but man forms its plural men, and is an exception to the rule.

Rule of three, is that rule of arithmetic which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term, as the second has to the first.

Rule

RULE, verb transitive To govern; to control the will and actions of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by established laws. The emperors of the east rule their subjects without the restraints of a constitution. In limited governments, men are ruled by known laws.

If a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God? 1 Timothy 3.

2. To govern the movements of things; to conduct; to manage; to control. That God rules the world he has created, is a fundamental article of belief.

3. To manage; to conduct, in almost any manner.

4. To settle as by a rule.

That's a ruled case with the schoolmen.

Atterbury.

5. To mark with lines by a ruler; as, to rule a blank book.

6. To establish by decree or decision; to determine; as a court.

Rule

RULE, verb intransitive To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority.

By me princes rule. Proverbs 8.

It is often followed by over.

They shall rule over their oppressors. Isaiah 14.

We subdue and rule over all other creatures.

Ray.

Ruled

RU'LED, participle passive Governed; controlled; conducted; managed; established by decision.

Ruler

RU'LER, noun One that governs, whether emperor, king, pope or governor; any one that exercises supreme power over others.

2. One that makes or executes laws in a limited or free government. Thus legislators and magistrates are called rulers.

3. A rule; an instrument of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which lines are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance. When a ruler has the lines of chords, tangents, sines, &c. it is called a plane scale.

Encyc.

Ruling

RU'LING, participle of the present tense Governing; controlling the will and actions of intelligent beings, or the movements of other physical bodies.

2. Mark 1ng by a ruler.

3. Deciding; determining.

4. adjective Predominant; chief; controlling; as a ruling passion.

Ruly

RU'LY, adjective [from rule.] Orderly; easily restrained. [Not in use.] [See Unruly.]

Rum

RUM, noun Spirit distilled from cane juice; or the scummings of the juice from the boiling house, or from the treacle or melasses which drains from sugar, or from dunder, the lees of former distillations.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

In the United States, rum is distilled from melasses only.

2. A low cant word for a country parson.

Swift.

Rum

RUM, adjective Old fashioned; queer. [Not in use.]

Rumble

RUM'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch rommelen; German rummeln; Danish rumler; Italian rombare. If Rm are the radical letters, this word may be referred to the Chaldee Syriac Hebrew Ethiopic raam, Class Rm. No. 11. With a prefix, grumble, Greek, Latin fremo, Irish cruim, thunder, German brummen, Dutch brommen, bremmen, &c.; Swedish rÃƒ-¥ma, to bellow.]

To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as thunder rumbles at a distance, but when near, its sound is sharp and rattling. A heavy carriage rumbles on the pavement.

Rumbler

RUM'BLER, noun The person or thing that rumbles.

Rumbling

RUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Making a low, heavy continued sound; as rumbling thunder. A rumbling noise is a low, heavy, continued noise.

Rumbling

RUM'BLING, noun A low, heavy, continued sound. Jeremiah 47.

Rumbud

RUM'BUD, noun A grog blossom; the popular name of a redness occasioned by the detestable practice of excessive drinking. Rumbuds usually appear first on the nose, and gradually extend over the face.

Rush.

Ruminant

RU'MINANT, adjective [French from Latin rumino.] Chewing the cud; having the property of chewing again what has been swallowed; as ruminant animals.

Ray.

Ruminant

RU'MINANT, noun An animal that chews the cud. Ruminants are four footed, hairy and viviparous.

Encyc. Ray. Derham.

Ruminate

RU'MINATE, verb intransitive [French ruminer; Latin rumino, from rumen, the cud; Welsh rhum, that swells out.]

1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. Oxen, sheep, deer, goats, camels, hares and squirrels ruminate in fact; other animals, as moles, bees, crickets, beetles, crabs, &c. only appear to ruminate.

Peyer. Encyc.

The only animals endowed with the genuine faculty of rumination, are the Ruminantia, or cloven-hoofed quadrupeds, (Pecora, Linne;) but the hare, although its stomach is differently organized, is an occasional and partial ruminant.

Ed. Encyc.

2. To muse; to meditate; to think again and again; to ponder. It is natural to ruminate on misfortunes.

He practices a slow meditation, and ruminates on the subject.

Watts.

Ruminate

RU'MINATE, verb transitive To chew over again.

2. To muse on; to meditate over and over again.

Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin.

Dryden.

Ruminated

RU'MINATED, participle passive Chewed again; mused on.

Ruminating

RU'MINATING, participle of the present tense Chewing the cud; musing.

Rumination

RUMINA'TION, noun [Latin ruminatio.] The act of chewing the cud.

2. The power or property of chewing the cud.

Rumination is given to animals, to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food, and afterwards to chew it.

Arbuthnot.

3. A musing or continued thinking on a subject; deliberate meditation or reflection.

Retiring full of rumination sad.

Thomson.

Ruminator

RU'MINATOR, noun One that ruminates or muses on any subject; one that pauses to deliberate and consider.

Cotgrave.

Rummage

RUM'MAGE, noun A searching carefully by looking into every corner and by tumbling over things.

Rummage

RUM'MAGE, verb transitive [Qu. Latin rimor, or French remuer.]

To search narrowly by looking into every corner and turning over or removing goods or other things.

Our greedy seamen rummage every hold.

Dryden.

Rummage

RUM'MAGE, verb intransitive To search a place narrowly by looking among things.

I have often rummaged for old books in Little-Britain and Duck-Lane.

Swift.

Rummaged

RUM'MAGED, participle passive Searched in every corner.

Rummaging

RUM'MAGING, participle of the present tense Searching in every corner.

Rummer

RUM'MER, noun [Dutch roemer, a wine glass, from roemen, to vaunt, brag or praise.]

A glass or drinking cup. [Not in use.]

Philips.

Rumor

RU'MOR, noun [Latin] Flying or popular report; a current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for the truth of it.

Rumor next and chance

And tumult and confusion all imbroil'd.

Milton.

When ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars, be ye not troubled. Mark 13.

2. Report of a fact; a story well authorized.

This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea. Luke 7.

3. Fame; reported celebrity.

Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight.

Shak.

Rumor

RU'MOR, verb transitive To report; to tell or circulate a report.

'Twas rumor'd

My father 'scap'd from out the citadel.

Dryden.

Rumored

RU'MORED, participle passive Told among the people; reported.

Rumorer

RU'MORER, noun A reporter; a teller of news.

Shak.

Rumoring

RU'MORING, participle of the present tense Reporting; telling news.

Rump

RUMP, noun [German rumpf; Swedish rumpa; Danish rumpe or rompe.]

1. The end of the back bone of an animal with the parts adjacent. Among the Jews, the rump was esteemed the most delicate part of the animal.

Encyc.

2. The buttocks.

Hudibras.

Rumple

RUM'PLE, verb transitive [Dutch rompelen, to rumple; Saxon hrympelle, a fold; probably connected with crumple, Welsh crwm, crom, crooked, crymu, to bend.]

To wrinkle; to make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat.

Swift.

Rumple

RUM'PLE, noun A fold or plait.

Dryden.

Rumpled

RUM'PLED, participle passive Formed into irregular wrinkles or folds.

Rumpless

RUMP'LESS, adjective Destitute of a tail; as a rumpless fowl.

Lawrence.

Rumpling

RUMP'LING, participle of the present tense Making uneven.

Run

RUN, verb intransitive pret. ran or run; pp. run. [Saxon rennan; and with a transposition of letters, oernan, arnian, yrnan; Gothic rinnan; Dutch rennen; German rennen, rinnen; Danish rinder; Swedish r?nna. The Welsh has rhin, a running, a channel, hence the Rhine.]

1. To move or pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels. Men and other animals run on their feet; carriages run on wheels, and wheels run on their axle-trees.

2. To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, by leaps or long quick steps; as, men and quadrupeds run when in haste.

3. To use the legs in moving; to step; as, children run alone or run about.

Locke.

4. To move in a hurry.

The priest and people run about.

B. Jonson.

5. To proceed along the surface; to extend; to spread; as, the fire runs over a field or forest.

The fire ran along upon the ground. Exodus 9.

6. To rush with violence; as, a ship runs against a rock; or one ship runs against another.

7. To move or pass on the water; to sail; as, ships run regularly between New York and Liverpool. Before a storm, run into a harbor, or under the lee of the land. The ship has run ten knots an hour.

8. To contend in a race; as, men or horses run for a prize.

9. To flee for escape. When Gen. Wolfe was dying, an officer standing by him exclaimed, see how they run. Who run? said the dying hero. The enemy, said the officer. Then I die happy, said the general.

10. To depart privately; to steal away.

My conscience will serve me to run from this Jew, my master.

Shak.

11. To flow in any manner, slowly or rapidly; to move or pass; as a fluid. Rivers run to the ocean or to lakes. The Connecticut runs on sand, and its water is remarkably pure. The tide runs two or three miles an hour. Tears run down the cheeks.

12. To emit; to let flow.

I command that the conduit run nothing but claret.

Shak.

Rivers run potable gold.

Milton.

But this form of expression is elliptical, with being omitted; ``rivers run with potable gold.'

13. To be liquid or fluid.

As wax dissolves, as ice begins to runÃ‚--

Addison.

14. To be fusible; to melt.

Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.

Woodward.

15. To fuse; to melt.

Your iron must not burn in the fire, that is, run or melt, for then it will be brittle.

Moxon.

16. To turn; as, a wheel runs on an axis or on a pivot.

17. To pass; to proceed; as, to run through a course of business; to run through life; to run in a circle or a line; to run through all degrees of promotion.

18. To flow, as words, language or periods. The lines run smoothly.

19. To pass, as time.

As fast as our time runs, we should be glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster.

Addison.

20. To have a legal course; to be attached to; to have legal effect.

Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.

Childs.

21. To have a course or direction.

Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it.

Locke.

Little is the wisdom, where the flight

So runs against all reason.

Shak.

22. To pass in thought, speech or practice; as, to run through a series of arguments; to run from one topic to another.

Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject.

Addison.

23. To be mentioned cursorily or in few words.

The whole runs on short, like articles in an account.

Arbuthnot.

24. To have a continued tenor or course. The conversation ran on the affairs of the Greeks.

The king's ordinary style runneth, ``our sovereign lord the king.'

Sanderson.

25. To be in motion; to speak incessantly. Her tongue runs continually.

26. To be busied; to dwell.

When we desire any thing, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones.

Swift.

27. To be popularly known.

Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome.

Temple.

28. To be received; to have reception, success or continuance. The pamphlet runs well among a certain class of people.

29. To proceed in succession.

She saw with joy the line immortal run,

Each sire impress'd and glaring in his son.

Pope.

30. To pass from one state or condition to another; as, to run into confusion or error; to run distracted.

Addison.

31. To proceed in a train of conduct.

You should run a certain course.

Shak.

32. To be in force.

The owner hath incurred the forfeiture of eight years profits of his lands, before he cometh to the knowledge of the process that runneth against him.

Bacon.

33. To be generally received.

He was not ignorant what report run of himself.

Knolles.

34. To be carried; to extend; to rise; as, debates run high.

In popish countries, the power of the clergy runs higher.

Ayliffe.

35. To have a track or course.

Searching the ulcer with my probe, the sinus run up above the orifice.

Wiseman.

36. To extend; to lie in continued length. Veins of silver run in different directions.

37. To have a certain direction. The line runs east and west.

38. To pass in an orbit of any figure. The planets run their periodical courses. The comets do not run lawless through the regions of space.

39. To tend in growth or progress. Pride is apt to run into a contempt of others.

40. To grow exuberantly. Young persons of 10 or 12 years old, soon run up to men and women.

If the richness of the ground cause turneps to run to leaves, treading down the leaves will help their rooting.

Mortimer.

41. To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.

42. To reach; to extend to the remembrance of; as time out of mind, the memory of which runneth not to the contrary.

43. To continue in time, before it becomes due and payable; as, a note runs thirty days; a note of six months has ninety days to run.

44. To continue in effect, force or operation.

The statute may be prevented from running Ã‚--by the act of the creditor.

Hopkinson. Wheaton's Rep.

45. To press with numerous demands of payment; as, to run upon a bank.

46. To pass or fall into fault, vice or misfortune; as, to run into vice; to run into evil practices; to run into debt; to run into mistakes.

47. To fall or pass by gradual changes; to make a transition; as, colors run one into another.

48. To have a general tendency.

Temperate climates run into moderate governments.

Swift.

49. To proceed as on a ground or principle. Obs.

50. To pass or proceed in conduct or management.

Tarquin, running into all the methods of tyranny, after a cruel reign was expelled.

Swift.

51. To creep; to move by creeping or crawling; as, serpents run on the ground.

52. To slide; as, a sled or sleigh runs on the snow.

53. To dart; to shoot; as a meteor in the sky.

54. To fly; to move in the air; as, the clouds run from N. E. to S. Welsh

55. In Scripture, to pursue or practice the duties of religion.

Ye did run well; who did hinder you? Galatians 5.

56. In elections, to have interest or favor; to be supported by votes. The candidate will not run, or he will run well.

To run after, to pursue or follow.

2. To search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes.

Locke.

To run at, to attack with the horns, as a bull.

To run away, to flee; to escape.

To run away with, to hurry without deliberation.

Locke.

2. To convey away; or to assist in escape or elopement.

To run in, to enter; to step in.

To run into, to enter; as, to run into danger.

To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Not in use.]

To run in with, to close; to comply; to agree with. [Unusual.]

Baker.

2. To make towards; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land; a seaman's phrase.

To run down a coast, to sail along it.

To run on, to be continued. Their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement.

2. To talk incessantly.

3. To continue a course.

Drayton.

4. To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasms; to bear hard on.

To run over, to overflow; as, a cup runs over; or the liquor runs over.

To run out, to come to an end; to expire; as, a lease runs out at Michaelmas.

2. To spread exuberantly; as, insectile animals run out into legs.

Hammond.

3. To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. He runs out in praise of Milton.

Addison.

4. To be wasted or exhausted; as, an estate managed without economy, will soon run out.

5. To become poor by extravagance.

And had her stock been less, no doubt

She must have long ago run out.

Dryden.

To run up, to rise; to swell; to amount. Accounts of goods credited run up very fast.

Run

RUN, verb transitive To drive or push; in a general sense. Hence to run a sword through the body, is to stab or pierce it.

2. To drive; to force.

A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or others' secrets.

Ray.

Others accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.

Locke.

3. To cause to be driven.

They ran the ship aground. Acts 27.

4. To melt; to fuse.

The purest gold must be run and washed.

Felton.

5. To incur; to encounter; to run the risk or hazard of losing one's property. To run the danger, is a phrase not now in use.

6. To venture; to hazard.

He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them.

Clarendon.

7. To smuggle; to import or export without paying the duties required by law; as, to run goods.

8. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation; as, to run the world back to its first original.

South.

I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its punctum saliens.

Collier.

9. To push; to thrust; as, to run the hand into the pocket or the bosom; to run a nail into the foot.

10. To ascertain and mark by metes and bounds; as, to run a line between towns or states.

11. To cause to ply; to maintain in running or passing; as, to run a stage coach from London to Bristol; to run a line of packets from New Haven to New York.

12. To cause to pass; as, to run a rope through a block.

13. To found; to shape, form or make in a mold; to cast; as, to run buttons or balls.

To run down, in hunting, to chase to weariness; as, to run down a stag.

2. In navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end on, and sink her.

Mar. Dict.

3. To crush; to overthrow; to overbear.

Religion is run down by the licence of these times.

Berkley.

To run hard, to press with jokes, sarcasm or ridicule.

2. To urge or press importunately.

To run over, to recount in a cursory manner; to narrate hastily; as, to run over the particulars of a story.

2. To consider cursorily.

3. To pass the eye over hastily.

To run out, to thrust or push out; to extend.

2. To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate.

To run through, to expend; to waste; as, to run through an estate.

To run up, to increase; to enlarge by additions. A man who takes goods on credit, is apt to run up his account to a large sum before he is aware of it.

2. To thrust up, as any thing long and slender.

Run

RUN, noun The act of running.

2. Course; motion; as the run of humor.

Bacon.

3. Flow; as a run of verses to please the ear.

Broome.

4. Course; process; continued series; as the run of events.

5. Way; will; uncontrolled course.

Our family must have their run.

Arbuthnot.

6. General reception; continued success.

It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run or long continuance, if not diversified with humor.

Addison.

7. Modish or popular clamor; as a violent run against university education.

Swift.

8. A general or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.

9. The aftmost part of a ship's bottom.

Mar. Dict.

10. The distance sailed by a ship; as, we had a good run.

11. A voyage; also, an agreement among sailors to work a passage from one place to another.

Mar. Dict.

12. A pair of mill-stones. A mill has two, four or six runs of stones.

13. Prevalence; as, a disease, opinion or fashion has its run.

14. In the middle and southern states of America, a small stream; a brook.

In the long run, [at the long run, not so generally used,] signifies the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the conclusion or end.

The run of mankind, the generality of people.

Runagate

RUN'AGATE, noun [French runagat.] A fugitive; an apostate; a rebel; a vagabond.

Sidney. Shak.

Runaway

RUN'AWAY, noun [run and away.] One that flies from danger or restraint; one that deserts lawful service; a fugitive.

Shak.

Runcation

RUNCA'TION, noun [Latin runcatio.] A weeding. [Not in use.]

Evelyn.

Runcinate

RUN'CINATE, adjective [Latin runcina, a saw.] In botany, a runcinate leaf is a sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobes convex before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double saw, as in the dandelion.

Martyn.

Lion toothed; cut into several transverse acute segments, pointing backwards.

Smith.

Rundle

RUND'LE, noun [from round, German rund.] A round; a step of a ladder.

Duppa.

2. Something put round an axis; a peritrochium; as a cylinder with a rundle about it.

Wilkins.

Rundlet

RUND'LET, or RUN'LET, noun [from round.] A small barrel of no certain dimensions.

It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons.

Encyc.

Rune

RUNE, noun [See Runic.] The runic letter or character.

Temple.

Runer

RU'NER, noun A bard or learned man among the ancient Goths. [See Runic.]

Temple.

Runes

RU'NES, n. plu. Gothic poetry or rhymes.

Temple.

Rung

RUNG, pret. and participle passive of ring.

Rung

RUNG, noun A floor timber in a ship, whence the end is called a rung-head; more properly a floor-head.

Mar. Dict.

Runic

RU'NIC, adjective [Welsh rhin, Irish run, Gothic runa, Saxon run, a secret or mystery, a letter.]

An epithet applied to the language and letters of the ancient Goths. [In Russian chronoyu is to conceal.]

Runnel

RUN'NEL, noun [from run.] A rivulet or small brook. [Not in use.]

Fairfax.

Runner

RUN'NER, noun [from run.] One that runs; that which runs.

2. A racer.

Dryden.

3. A messenger.

Swift.

4. A shooting sprig.

In every root there will be one runner, with little buds on it.

Mortimer.

5. One of the stones of a mill.

Ib.

6. A bird.

Ainsworth.

7. A thick rope used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle.

Mar. Dict.

Runnet

RUN'NET, noun [Dutch runzel, from runnen, ronnen, to curdle. German rinnen, to curdle, and to run or flow; Saxon gerunnen, coagulated. It is sometimes written rennet.]

The concreted milk found in the stomachs of calves or other sucking quadrupeds. The same name is given to a liquor prepared by steeping the inner membrane of a calf's stomach in water, and to the membrane itself. This is used for coagulating milk, or converting it into curd in the making of cheese.

Encyc.

Running

RUN'NING, participle of the present tense Moving or going with rapidity; flowing.

2. adjective Kept for the race; as a running horse.

Law.

3. In succession; without any intervening day, year, &c.; as, to visit two days running; to sow land two years running.

4. Discharging pus or other matter; as a running sore.

Running

RUN'NING, noun The act of running, or passing with speed.

2. That which runs or flows; as the first running of a still or of cider at the mill.

3. The discharge of an ulcer or other sore.

Running-Fight

RUN'NING-FIGHT, noun A battle in which one party flees and the other pursues, but the party fleeing keeps up the contest.

Running-Rigging

RUNNING-RIG'GING, noun That part of a ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, &c.; in distinction from standing-rigging.

Running-Title

RUNNING-TITLE, noun In printing, the title of a book that is continued from page to page on the upper margin.

Runnion

RUN'NION, noun [French rogner, to cut, pare or shred.] A paltry scurvy wretch.

Shak.

Runt

RUNT, noun [In Dutch rund is a bull or cow; in Scot. runt is the trunk of a tree, a hardened stem or stalk of a plant, an old withered woman It may be from Dutch runnen, to contract. See Runnet.]

Any animal small below the natural or usual size of the species.

Of tame pigeons, are croppers, carriers and runts.

Walton.

Rupee

RUPEE', noun [Pers. ropah, silver, and ropiah is a thick round piece of money in the Mogul's dominions, value 24 stivers. Castle.]

A silver coin of the East Indies, of the value of 2s. 4d. or 2s. 6d. sterling; about 52 or 56 cents.

Ruption

RUP'TION, noun [Latin ruptio, rumpo, to break.] Breach; a break or bursting open.

Wiseman.

Rupture

RUP'TURE, noun [French from Latin ruptus, rumpo, to break.]

1. The act of breaking or bursting; the state of being broken or violently parted; as the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber.

Arbuthnot.

2. Hernia; a preternatural protrusion of the contents of the abdomen.

3. Breach of peace or concord, either between individuals or nations; between nations, open hostility or war. We say, the parties or nations have come to an open rupture.

He knew that policy would disincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family.

E. Everett.

Rupture

RUP'TURE, verb transitive To break; to burst; to part by violence; as, to rupture a blood vessel.

Rupture

RUP'TURE, verb intransitive To suffer a breach or disruption.

Ruptured

RUP'TURED, participle passive Broken; burst.

Rupture-Wort

RUP'TURE-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Herniaria, and another of the genus Linum.

Fam. of Plants.

Rupturing

RUP'TURING, participle of the present tense Breaking; bursting.

Rural

RU'RAL, adjective [French from Latin ruralis, from rus, the country.]

Pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; suiting the country, or resembling it; as rural scenes; a rural prospect; a rural situation; rural music.

Sidney. Thomson.

Ruralist

RU'RALIST, noun One that leads a rural life.

Coventry.

Rurally

RU'RALLY, adverb As in the country.

Wakefield.

Ruralness

RU'RALNESS, noun The quality of being rural.

Dict.

Ruricolist

RURIC'OLIST, noun [Latin ruricola; rus, the country, and colo, to inhabit.]

An inhabitant of the country. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Rurigenous

RURIG'ENOUS, adjective [Latin rus, the country, and gignor, to be born.]

Born in the country. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Ruse

RUSE, noun [French] Artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; deceit. [Not English.]

Ray.

Rush

RUSH, noun [Saxon rics or risc; probably Latin ruscus. The Swedish corresponding word is sÃƒ-¥f, the Hebrew, usually rendered sea-weed, and applied to the Arabic gulf, Deuteronomy 1:1. Numbers 21:14. This correspondence deserves notice, as illustrating certain passages in the Scriptures.]

1. A plant of the genus Juncus, of many species. The pith of the rush is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rush lights.

Encyc.

2. Any thing proverbially worthless or of trivial value.

John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush.

Arbuthnot.

Rush

RUSH, verb intransitive [Saxon reosan, hreosan or roesan; Swedish rusa; German rauschen; Dutch ruischen; Greek. The German has also brausen, the Dutch bruisschen, to rush or roar; Danish brusen, to rush. The Welsh has brysiaw and crysiaw, to hurry, to hasten; both from rhys, a rushing; rhysiaw, to rush. We have rustle and brustle probably from the same source. The Welsh brysiaw seems to be the English press. See Class Rd. No. 5. 9. &c.]

1. To move or drive forward with impetuosity, violence and tumultuous rapidity; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice; winds rush through the forest. We ought never to rush into company, much less into a religious assembly.

2. To enter with undue eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush into business or speculation; to rush into the ministry.

Sprat.

Rush

RUSH, verb transitive To push forward with violence. [Not used.]

Rush

RUSH, noun A driving forward with eagerness and haste; a violent motion or course; as a rush of troops; a rush of winds.

Rush-Candle

RUSH-CANDLE, noun A small blinking taper made by stripping a rush, except one small strip of the bark which holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow.

Johnson. Milton.

Rushed

RUSH'ED, adjective Abounding with rushes.

Warton.

Rusher

RUSH'ER, noun One who rushes forward.

Whitlock.

2. One who formerly strewed rushes on the floor at dances.

B. Jonson.

Rushiness

RUSH'INESS, noun [from rushy.] The state of abounding with rushes.

Scott.

Rushing

RUSH'ING, participle of the present tense Moving forward with impetuosity.

Rushing

RUSH'ING, noun A violent driving of any thing; rapid or tumultuous course. Isaiah 17.

Rush-Light

RUSH-LIGHT, noun The light of a rush-candle; a small feeble light.

2. A rush-candle.

Encyc.

Rush-Like

RUSH'-LIKE, adjective Resembling a rush; weak.

Rushy

RUSH'Y, adjective Abounding with rushes.

Mortimer.

2. Made of rushes.

Tickel.

My rushy couch and frugal fare.

Goldsmith.

Rusk

RUSK, noun A kind of light cake.

2. Hard bread for stores.

Raleigh.

Rusma

RUS'MA, noun A brown and light iron substance, with half as much quicklime steeped in water, of which the Turkish women make their psilothron to take off their hair.

Grew.

Russ

RUSS, a. roos. [Swedish ryss.] Pertaining to the Russ or Russians. [The native word is Russ. We have Russia from the south of Europe.]

Russ

RUSS, n. roos. The language of the Russ or Russians.

Russet

RUS'SET, adjective [French roux, rousse, red; Italian rosso; Spanish roso, roxo; Latin russus. See Red and Ruddy.]

1. Of a reddish brown color; as a russet mantle.

Our summer such a russet livery wears.

Dryden.

2. Coarse; homespun; rustic.

Shak.

Russet

RUS'SET, noun A country dress.

Dryden.

Russet

RUS'SET, or RUS'SETING, noun A kind of apple of a russet color and rough skin. [I have never known a pear so called in America, though it seems that in England pears have this name.]

Russian

RUSSIAN, a. roo'shan. Pertaining to Russia.

Russian

RUSSIAN, n. roo'shan. A native of Russia.

Rust

RUST, noun [Saxon rust; Dutch roest; German Swedish rost; Danish rust; Welsh rhwd; Greek; probably from its color, and allied to ruddy, red, as Latin rubigo is from rubeo. See Ruddy.]

1. The oxyd of a metal; a substance composed of oxygen combined with a metal, and forming a rough coat on its surface. All metals except gold are liable to rust.

2. Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose their brightness and smoothness when not used.

3. Any foul matter contracted; as rust on corn or salted meat.

4. Foul extraneous matter; as sacred truths cleared from the rust of human mixtures.

5. A disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the stalks and leaves.

Ed. Encyc.

Rust

RUST, verb intransitive [Saxon rustian; Welsh rhydu.] To contract rust; to be oxydized and contract a roughness on the surface.

Our armors now may rust.

Dryden.

2. To degenerate in idleness; to become dull by inaction.

Must I rust in Egypt?

Dryden.

3. To gather dust or extraneous matter.

Rust

RUST, verb transitive To cause to contract rust.

Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them.

Shak.

2. To impair by time and inactivity.

Rusted

RUST'ED, participle passive Affected with rust.

Rustic

RUST'IC, or RUST'ICAL, adjective [Latin rusticus, from rus, the country.]

1. Pertaining to the country; rural; as the rustic gods of antiquity.

Encyc.

2. Rude; unpolished; rough; awkward; as rustic manners or behavior.

3. Coarse; plain; simple; as rustic entertainment; rustic dress.

4. Simple; artless; unadorned.

Pope.

Rustic work, in a building, is when the stones, &c. in the face of it, are hacked or pecked so as to be rough.

Encyc.

Rustic

RUST'IC, noun An inhabitant of the country; a clown.

Rustically

RUST'ICALLY, adverb Rudely; coarsely; without refinement or elegance.

Dryden.

Rusticalness

RUST'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being rustical; rudeness; coarseness; want of refinement.

Rusticate

RUST'ICATE, verb intransitive [Latin rusticor, from rus.] To dwell or reside in the country.

Pope.

Rusticate

RUST'ICATE, verb transitive To compel to reside in the country; to banish from a town or college for a time.

Spectator.

Rusticated

RUST'ICATED, participle passive Compelled to reside in the country.

Rusticating

RUST'ICATING, participle of the present tense Compelling to reside in the country.

Rustication

RUSTICA'TION, noun Residence in the country.

2. In universities and colleges, the punishment of a student for some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution and reside for a time in the country.

Rusticity

RUSTIC'ITY, noun [Latin rusticitas; French rusticitÃƒ-©.]

The qualities of a countryman; rustic manners; rudeness; coarseness; simplicity; artlessness.

Addison. Woodward.

Rustily

RUST'ILY, adverb In a rusty state.

Sidney.

Rustiness

RUST'INESS, noun [from rusty.] The state of being rusty.

Rusting

RUST'ING, participle of the present tense Contracting rust; causing to rust.

Rustle

RUSTLE, v. i. rus'l. [Saxon hristlan; German rasseln; Swedish rossla, to rattle.]

To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves; as a rustling silk; rustling leaves or trees; rustling wings.

Milton.

He is coming; I hear the straw rustle.

Shak.

Rustling

RUS'TLING, participle of the present tense Making the sound of silk cloth when rubbed.

Rustling

RUS'TLING, noun A quick succession of small sounds, as a brushing among dry leaves or straw.

Rusty

RUST'Y, adjective Covered or affected with rust; as a rusty knife or sword.

2. Dull; impaired by inaction or neglect of use.

Shak.

3. Surly; morose.

Guardian.

4. Covered with foul or extraneous matter.

Rut

RUT, noun [French rut; Armoric rut, the verb, rudal, rutein; probably allied to German retzen, to excite, or Swedish ryta, to bellow.] The copulation of deer.

Rut

RUT, verb intransitive To lust, as deer.

Rut

RUT, noun [Italian rotaia, from Latin rota, a wheel.]

The track of a wheel.

Ruta Baga

RUTA BAGA, noun The Swedish turnep.

Ruth

RUTH, noun [from rue.] Mercy; pity; tenderness; sorrow for the misery of another. Obs.

Fairfax.

2. Misery; sorrow. Obs.

Spenser.

Ruthenus

RUTHENUS, noun A fish of the genus Accipenser.

Encyc.

Ruthful

RUTHFUL, adjective Rueful; woful; sorrowful. Obs.

Carew.

2. Merciful. Obs.

Ruthfully

RUTHFULLY, adverb Wofully; sadly. Obs.

Knolles.

2. Sorrowfully; mournfully. Obs.

Spenser.

Ruthless

RUTHLESS, adjective Cruel; pitiless; barbarous; insensible to the miseries of others.

Their rage the hostile bands restrain,

All but the ruthless monarch of the main.

Pope.

Ruthlessly

RUTHLESSLY, adverb Without pity; cruelly; barbarously.

Ruthlessness

RUTHLESSNESS, noun Want of compassion; insensibility to the distresses of others.

Rutil

RU'TIL, or RU'TILE, noun Sphene, an oxyd of titanium, of a dark red color, or of a light or brownish red. It occurs massive, disseminated, membranous, and in crystals.

Cyc.

Rutilant

RU'TILANT, adjective [Latin rutilans, rutilo, to shine; perhaps from the root of red, ruddy.]

Shining.

Evelyn.

Rutilate

RU'TILATE, verb intransitive [Latin rutilo.] To shine; to emit rays of light. [Not used.]

Ure.

Rutter

RUT'TER, noun [German reiter, Dutch ruiter, a rider. See Ride.]

A horseman or trooper. [Not in use.]

Rutterkin

RUT'TERKIN, noun A word of contempt; an old crafty fox or beguiler. [Not in use.]

Ruttier

RUT'TIER, noun [French routier, from route.] Direction of the road or course at sea; an old traveler acquainted with roads; an old soldier. [Not in use.]

Cotgrave.

Ruttish

RUT'TISH, adjective [from rut.] Lustful; libidinous.

Shak.

Ruttle

RUT'TLE, for rattle, not much used.

Burnet.

Ryal

RY'AL, noun A coin. [See Rial.]

Ryder

RY'DER, noun A clause added to a bill in parliament. [See Rider and Ride.]

Rye

RYE, noun [Saxon ryge; Dutch rogge; German rocken; Danish rog or rug; Swedish rÃƒ-¥g or rog; Welsh rhyg. This word is the English rough.]

1. An esculent grain of the genus Secale, of a quality inferior to wheat, but a species of grain easily cultivated, and constituting a large portion of bread stuff.

2. A disease in a hawk.

Ainsworth.

Rye-Grass

RYE-GRASS, noun A species of strong grass, of the genus Hordeum.

Encyc.

Ryot

RY'OT, noun In Hindoostan, a renter of land by a lease which is considered as perpetual, and at a rate fixed by ancient surveys and valuations.

Asiat. Res. Encyc.

S

S

S, the nineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant articulation, and numbered among the semi-vowels. It represents the hissing made by driving the breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, just above the upper teeth. It has two uses; one to express a mere hissing, as in sabbath, sack, sin, this, thus; the other a vocal hissing, precisely like that of z, as in muse, wise, pronounced muze, wize. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of all proper English words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is to be known only by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle and viscount.

In abbreviations, S. stands for societas, society, or socius, fellow; as F. R. S. fellow of the Royal Society. In medical prescriptions, S. A. signifies secundem artem, according to the rules of art.

In the notes of the ancients, S. stands for Sextus; SP. for Spurius; S. C. for senatus consultum; S. P. Q. R. for senatus populusque Romanus; S. S. S. for stratum super stratum, one layer above another alternately; S. V. B. E. E. Q. V. for sivales, bene est, ego quoque valeo.

As a numeral, S. denoted seven. In the Italian music, S. signifies solo. In books of navigation and in common usage, S. stands for south; S. E. for south-east; S. Welsh for south-west; S. S. E. for south south-east; S. S. Welsh for south south-west, &c.

Sabaoth

SAB'AOTH, noun [Hebrew armies, from to assemble, to fight. The primary sense is to drive, to urge or crowd.]

Armies; a word used, Romans 9:29., James 5:4``the Lord of Sabaoth.'

Sabbatarian

SABBATA'RIAN, noun [from sabbath.] One who observes the seventh day of the weeks as the sabbath, instead of the first. A sect of baptists are called sabbatarians. They maintain that the Jewish sabbath has not been abrogated.

Encyc.

Sabbatarian

SABBATA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to those who keep Saturday, or the seventh day of the week, as the sabbath.

Mountagu.

Sabbatarianism

SABBATA'RIANISM, noun The tenets of sabbatarians.

Bp. Ward.

Sabbath

SAB'BATH, noun [Hebrew to cease, to rest, as a noun, cessation, rest, Latin sabbatum; Arabic.]

1. The day which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship. This was originally the seventh day of the week, the day on which God rested from the work of creation; and this day is still observed by the Jews and some christians, as the sabbath. But the christian church very early begun and still continue to observe the first day of the week, in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ on that day, by which the work of redemption was completed. Hence it is often called the Lord's day. The heathen nations in the north of Europe dedicated this day to the sun, and hence their christian descendants continue to call the day Sunday. But in the United States, christians have to a great extent discarded the heathen name, and adopted the Jewish name sabbath.

2. Intermission of pain or sorrow; time of rest.

Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb.

Pope.

3. The sabbatical year among the Israelites. Leviticus 25.

Sabbath-Breaker

SAB'BATH-BREAKER, noun [sabbath and break.]

One who profanes the sabbath by violating the laws of God or man which enjoin the religious observance of that day.

Sabbath-Breaking

SAB'BATH-BREAKING, noun A profanation of the sabbath by violating the injunction of the fourth commandment, or the municipal laws of a state which require the observance of that day as holy time. All unnecessary secular labor, visiting, traveling, sports, amusements and the like are considered as sabbath-breaking.

Sabbathless

SAB'BATHLESS, adjective Without intermission of labor.

Bacon.

Sabbatic

SABBAT'IC, or SABBAT'ICAL, adjective [French sabbatique; Latin sabbaticus.] Pertaining to the sabbath.

2. Resembling the sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor.

Gregory.

Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage, and the year next following every seventh sabbatical year in succession, that is, every fiftieth year, was the jubilee, which was also a year of rest to the lands, and a year of redemption or release. Leviticus 25.

Sabbatism

SAB'BATISM, noun Rest; intermission of labor.

Sabean

SABEAN. [See Sabian.]

Sabeism

SA'BEISM, noun The same as Sabianism.

D'Anville.

Sabellian

SABEL'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius.

Sabellian

SABEL'LIAN, noun A follower of Sabellius, a philosopher of Egypt in the third century, who openly taught that there is one person only in the Godhead, and that the Word and Holy Spirit are only virtues, emanations or functions of the Deity.

Encyc.

Sabellianism

SABEL'LIANISM, noun The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius.

Barrow.

Saber

SA'BER, or SA'BRE, noun [French sabre; Armoric sabrenn, sciabla; Spanish sable; Dutch sabel; German sÃƒ-¤bel. Qu. Arabic sabba, to cut.]

A sword or cimitar with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a little falcated or hooked at the point; a faulchion.

Encyc.

Saber

SA'BER, verb transitive To strike, cut or kill with a saber. A small party was surprised at night and almost every man sabered.

Sabian

SA'BIAN, or SABE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Saba, in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.

Sabian

SA'BIAN, adjective [Hebrew an army or host.] The Sabian worship or religion consisted in the worship of the sun and other heavenly bodies.

Encyc.

Sabian

SA'BIAN, noun A worshiper of the sun.

Sabianism

SA'BIANISM, noun That species of idolatry which consisted in worshiping the sun, moon and stars. This idolatry existed in Chaldea or Persia at an early period of the world, and was propagated by the inhabitants who migrated westward into Europe, and continued among our ancestors till they embraced the christian religion.

Sabine

SAB'INE, noun A plant; usually written savin, which see.

Sable

SA'BLE, noun [Russian sobol; German zobel; Swedish Danish Dutch sabel; French zibeline; Italian zibellino; Spanish cebellina; Latin zoboia or zobola, an ermine. This word and the animal were probably not known to the Greeks and Romans till a late period. Jornandes mentions the sending to Rome, in the 6th century, saphilinas pelles, sable skins; and Marco Polo calls them zibelines and zombolines. Pennant, 1. 93.]

1. A small animal of the weasel kind, the mustela zibellina, found in the northern latitudes of America and Asia. It resembles the martin, but has a longer head and ears. Its hair is cinereous, but black at the tips. This animal burrows in the earth or under trees; in winter and summer subsisting on small animals, and in autumn on berries. The fur is very valuable.

Encyc.

2. The fur of the sable.

Sable

SA'BLE, adjective [French Qu. Greek, darkness. See the Noun.]

Black; dark; used chiefly in poetry or in heraldry; as night with her sable mantle; the sable throne of night.

Sabliere

SAB'LIERE, noun [French from sable, sand, Latin sabulum.]

1. A sand pit. [Not much used.]

Bailey.

2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick as a beam.

Bailey.

Sabot

SABOT, noun [French sabot; Spanish zapato.] A wooden shoe. [Not English.]

Bramhall.

Sabulosity

SABULOS'ITY, noun [from sabulous.] Sandiness; grittiness.

Sabulous

SAB'ULOUS, adjective [Latin sabulosus, from sabulum, sand.] Sandy; gritty.

Sac

SAC, noun [Saxon sac, saca, sace or sacu, contention. This is the English sake, which see.]

In English law, the privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes and imposing fines.

Cowel.

Saccade

SACCA'DE, noun [French a jerk.] A sudden violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull; a correction used when the horse bears heavy on the hand. It should be used discretely.

Encyc.

Sacchariferous

SACCHARIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin saccharum, sugar, and fero, to produce.]

Producing sugar; as sacchariferous canes. The maple is a sacchariferous tree.

Saccharine

SAC'CHARINE, adjective [from Arabic Pers. sakar, Latin saccharum, sugar.]

Pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; as a saccharine taste; the saccharine matter of the cane juice.

Saccholactic

SACCHOLAC'TIC, adjective [Latin saccharum, sugar, and lac, milk.]

A term in the new chimistry, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk; now called mucic acid.

Fourcroy. Ure.

Saccholate

SAC'CHOLATE, noun In chimistry, a salt formed by the union of the saccholactic acid with a base.

Fourcroy.

Sacerdotal

SACERDO'TAL, adjective [Latin sacerdotalis, from sacerdos, a priest. See Sacred.]

Pertaining to priests or the priesthood; priestly; as sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions or garments; sacerdotal character.

Stillingfleet.

Sachel

SACH'EL, noun [Latin sacculus, dim. of saccus; Welsh saÃƒ-§ell; French sachet.]

A small sack or bag; a bag in which lawyers and children carry papers and books.

Sachem

SA'CHEM, noun In America, a chief among some of the native Indian tribes. [See Sagamore.]

Sack

SACK, noun [Saxon soec, sacc; Dutch zak, sek; German sack; Danish soek; Swedish s?ck; Welsh saÃƒ-§; Irish sac; Cornish zah; Armoric sach; French sac; Italian sacco; Spanish saco, saca; Portugese saco, sacco; Latin saccus; German; Hungarian, saak; Slav. shakel; Hebrew. See the verb to sack.]

1. A bag, usually a large cloth bag, used for holding and conveying corn, small wares, wool, cotton, hops, and the like. Gen xlii.

Sack of wool, in England, is 22 stone of 14lb. each, or 308 pounds. In Scotland, it is 24 stone of 16 pounds each, or 384 pounds.

A sack of cotton, contains usually about 300lb. but it may be from 150 to 400 pounds.

Sack of earth, in fortification, is a canvas bag filled with earth, used in making trenchments in haste.

Encyc.

2. The measure of three bushels.

Johnson.

Sack

SACK, noun [French sec, seche, dry.] A species of sweet wine, brought chiefly from the Canary isles.

Encyc. French Dict.

Sack

SACK, noun [Latin sagum, whence Greek. But the word is Celtic or Teutonic; Welsh segan, a covering, a cloke.]

Among our rude ancestors, a kind of cloke of a square form, worn over the shoulders and body, and fastened in front by a clasp or thorn. It was originally made of skin, afterwards of wool. In modern times, this name has been given to a woman's garment, a gown with loose plaits on the back; but no garment of this kind is now worn, and the word is in disuse. [See Varro, Strabo, Cluver, Bochart.]

Sack

SACK, verb transitive To put in a sack or in bags.

Betterton.

Sack

SACK, verb transitive [Armoric sacqa; Irish sacham, to attack; Spanish Portugese saquear, to plunder or pillage; Spanish to ransack; Spanish Portugese sacar, to pull out, extort, dispossess; Italian saccheggiare, to sack; French saccager, to pillage; saccade, a jerk, a sudden pull. From comparing this word and sack, a bag, in several languages, it appears that they are both from one root, and that the primary sense is to strain, pull, draw; hence sack, a bag, is a tie, that which is tied or drawn together; and sack, to pillage, is to pull, to strip, that is, to take away by violence. See Class Sg. No. 5. 15. 16. 18. 30. 74. 77. &c.]

To plunder or pillage, as a town or city. Rome was twice taken and sacked in the reign of one pope. This word is never, I believe, applied to the robbing of persons, or pillaging of single houses, but to the pillaging of towns and cities; and as towns are usually or often sacked, when taken by assault, the word may sometimes include the sense of taking by storm.

The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy.

Addison.

Sack

SACK, noun The pillage or plunder of a town or city; or the storm and plunder of a town; as the sack of Troy.

Dryden.

Sackage

SACK'AGE, noun The act of taking by storm and pillaging.

Roscoe.

Sackbut

SACK'BUT, noun [Spanish sacabuche, the tube or pipe of a pump, and a sackbut; Portugese sacabuxa or saquebuxo; French saquebute. The Dutch call it schuif-trompet, the shove-trumpet, the trumpet that may be drawn out or shortened. Sack then is of the same family as the preceding word, signifying to pull or draw. The last syllable is the Latin buxus.]

A wind instrument of music; a kind of trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required.

Encyc.

Sackcloth

SACK'CLOTH, noun [sack and cloth.] Cloth of which sacks are made; coarse cloth. This word is chiefly used in Scripture to denote a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress or mortification.

Gird you with sackcloth and mourn before Abner. 2 Samuel 3. Esther 4. Job 16.

Sackclothed

SACK'CLOTHED, adjective Clothed in sackcloth.

Hall.

Sacked

SACK'ED, participle passive Pillaged; stormed and plundered.

Sacker

SACK'ER, noun One that takes a town or plunders it.

Sackful

SACK'FUL, noun A full sack or bag.

Swift.

Sacking

SACK'ING, participle of the present tense Taking by assault and plundering or pillaging.

Sacking

SACK'ING, noun The act of taking by storm and pillaging.

Sacking

SACK'ING, noun [Saxon soeccing, from soec, sacc.]

1. Cloth of which sacks or bags are made.

2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to a bedstead for supporting the bed.

Sackless

SACK'LESS, adjective [Saxon sacleas, from sac, contention, and leas, less.]

Quiet; peaceable; not quarrelsome; harmless; innocent. [Local.]

Sack-Posset

SACK-POS'SET, noun [sack and posset.] A posset made of sack, milk and some other ingredients.

Swift.

Sacrament

SAC'RAMENT, noun [French sacrement; Italian Spanish sacramento; from Latin sacramentum, an oath, from saccr, sacred.]

1. Among ancient christian writers, a mystery. [Not in use.]

2. An oath; a ceremony producing an obligation; but not used in this general sense.

3. In present usage, an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace; or more particularly, a solemn religious ceremony enjoined by Christ, the head of the christian church, to be observed by his followers, by which their special relation to him is created, or their obligations to him renewed and ratified. Thus baptism is called a sacrament, for by it persons are separated from the world, brought into Christ's visible church, and laid under particular obligations to obey his precepts. The eucharist or communion of the Lord's supper, is also a sacrament, for by commemorating the death and dying love of Christ, christians avow their special relation to him, and renew their obligations to be faithful to their divine Master. When we use sacrament without any qualifying word, we mean by it,

4. The eucharist or Lord's supper.

Addison.

Sacrament

SAC'RAMENT, verb transitive To bind by an oath. [Not used.]

Laud.

Sacramental

SACRAMENT'AL, adjective Constituting a sacrament or pertaining to it; as sacramental rites or elements.

Sacramental

SACRAMENT'AL, noun That which relates to a sacrament.

Morton.

Sacramentally

SACRAMENT'ALLY, adverb After the manner of a sacrament.

Hall.

Sacramentarian

SACRAMENTA'RIAN, noun One that differs from the Romish church in regard to the sacraments, or to the Lord's supper; a word applied by the catholics to protestants.

Encyc.

Sacramentary

SACRAMENT'ARY, noun An ancient book of the Romish church, written by pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained all the prayers and ceremonies practiced in the celebration of the sacraments.

Encyc.

2. A sacramentarian; a term of reproach applied by papists to protestants.

Stapleton.

Sacramentary

SACRAMENT'ARY, or SACRAMENTA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to sacramentarians and to their controversy respecting the eucharist.

Sacre

SACRE. [See Saker.]

Sacred

SA'CRED, adjective [French sacrÃƒ-©; Spanish Italian Portugese sacro; from Latin sacer, sacred, holy, cursed, damnable; Welsh segyr, that keeps apart, from sÃƒ-ªg, that is without access; segru, to secrete, to separate. We here see the connection between sacredness and secrecy. The sense is removed or separated from that which is common, vulgar, polluted, or open, public; and accursed is separated from society or the privileges of citizens, rejected, banished.]

1. Holy; pertaining to God or to his worship; separated from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his service; as a sacred place; a sacred day; a sacred feast; sacred service; sacred orders.

2. Proceeding from God and containing religious precepts; as the sacred books of the Old and New Testament.

3. Narrating or writing facts respecting God and holy things; as a sacred historian.

4. Relating to religion or the worship of God; used for religious purposes; as sacred songs; sacred music; sacred history.

5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; with to.

A temple sacred to the queen of love.

Dryden.

6. Entitled to reverence; venerable.

Poet and saint to thee alone were given,

The two most sacred names of earth and heav'n.

Cowley.

7. Inviolable, as if appropriated to a superiror being; as sacred honor or promise.

Secrets of marriage still are sacred held.

Dryden.

Sacred majesty. In this title, sacred has no definite meaning, or it is blasphemy.

Sacred place, in the civil law, is that where a deceased person is buried.

Sacredly

SA'CREDLY, adverb Religiously; with due reverence as of something holy or consecrated to God; as, to observe the sabbath sacredly; the day is sacredly kept.

2. Inviolably; strictly; as, to observe one's word sacredly; a secret to be sacredly kept.

Sacredness

SA'CREDNESS, noun The state of being sacred, or consecrated to God, to his worship or to religious uses; holiness; sanctity; as the sacredness of the sanctuary or its worship; the sacredness of the sabbath; the sacredness of the clerical office.

2. Inviolableness; as the sacredness of marriage vows or of a trust.

Sacrific

SACRIF'IC, or SACRIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin sacrificus. See Sacrifice.] Employed in sacrifice.

Johnson.

Sacrificable

SACRIF'ICABLE, adjective Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [Ill formed, harsh and not used.]

Brown.

Sacrificant

SACRIF'ICANT, noun [Latin sacrificans.] One that offers a sacrifice.

Hallywell.

Sacrificator

SACRIFICA'TOR, noun [French sacrificateur.] A sacrificer; one that offers a sacrifice. [Not used.]

Brown.

Sacrificatory

SACRIF'ICATORY, adjective Offering sacrifice.

Sherwood.

Sacrifice

SAC'RIFICE, v. t. sac'rifize. [Latin sacrifico; French sacrifier; Spanish sacrificar; Italian sacrificare; Latin sacer, sacred, and facio, to make.]

1. To offer to God in homage or worship, by killing and consuming, as victims on an altar; to immolate, either as an atonement for sin, or to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a lamb. 2 Samuel 6.

2. To destroy, surrender or suffer to be lost for the sake of obtaining something; as, to sacrifice the peace of the church to a little vain curiosity. We should never sacrifice health to pleasure, nor integrity to fame.

3. To devote with loss.

Condemn'd to sacrifice his childish years

To babbling ignorance and to empty fears.

Prior.

4. To destroy; to kill.

Sacrifice

SAC'RIFICE, verb intransitive To make offerings to God by the slaughter and burning of victims, or of some part of them. Exodus 3.

Sacrifice

SAC'RIFICE, noun [French from Latin sacrificium.]

1. An offering made to God by killing and burning some animal upon an altar, as an acknowledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, appease his wrath or conciliate his favor, or to express thankfulness for his benefits. Sacrifices have been common to most nations, and have been offered to false gods, as well as by the Israelites to Jehovah. A sacrifice differs from an oblation; the latter being an offering of a thing entire or without change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies a destruction or killing, as of a beast. Sacrifices are expiatory, impetratory, and eucharistical; that is, atoning for sin, seeking favor, or expressing thanks.

Human sacrifices, the killing and offering of human beings to deities, have been practiced by some barbarous nations.

2. The thing offered to God, or immolated by an act of religion.

My life if thou preserv'st, my life

Thy sacrifice shall be.

Addison.

3. Destruction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining some object, or for obliging another; as the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.

4. Any thing destroyed.

Sacrificed

SAC'RIFICED, participle passive Offered to God upon an altar; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost.

Sacrificer

SAC'RIFICER, noun One that sacrifices or immolates.

Dryden.

Sacrificial

SACRIFI'CIAL, adjective Performing sacrifice; included in sacrifice; consisting in sacrifice.

Shak. Taylor.

Sacrilege

SAC'RILEGE, noun [French from Latin sacrilegium; sacer, sacred, and lego, to take or steal.]

The crime of violating or profaning sacred things; or the alienating to laymen or to common purposes what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.

And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb

With sacrilege to dig.

Spenser.

Sacrilegious

SACRILE'GIOUS, adjective [Latin sacrilegus.] Violating sacred things; polluted with the crime of sacrilege.

Above the reach of sacrilegious hands.

Pope.

2. Containing sacrilege; as a sacrilegious attempt or act.

Sacrilegiously

SACRILE'GIOUSLY, adverb With sacrilege; in violation of sacred things; as sacrilegiously invading the property of a church.

Sacrilegiousness

SACRILE'GIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being sacrilegious.

2. Disposition to sacrilege.

Scott.

Sacrilegist

SAC'RILEGIST, noun One who is guilty of sacrilege.

Spelman.

Sacring

SA'CRING, participle of the present tense [from French sacrer.] Consecrating. [Not in use.]

Temple. Shak.

Sacring-Bell

SA'CRING-BELL, noun A bell rung before the host.

Dict.

Sacrist

SA'CRIST, noun A sacristan; a person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books.

Busby.

Sacristan

SAC'RISTAN, noun [French sacristain; Italian sacristano; Spanish sacristan; from Latin sacer, sacred.]

An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables of the church. It is now corrupted into sexton.

Sacristy

SAC'RISTY, noun [French sacristie; Spanish Italian sacristia; from Latin sacer, sacred.]

An apartment in a church where the sacred utensils are kept; now called the vestry.

Dryden. Addison.

Sacrosanct

SAC'ROSANCT, adjective [Latin sacrosanctus; sacer and sanctus, holy.] Sacred; inviolable. [Not in use.]

More.

Sad

SAD, adjective [In Welsh sad signifies wise, prudent, sober, permanent. It is probable this word is from the root of set. I have not found the word in the English sense, in any other language.]

1. Sorrowful; affected with grief; cast down with affliction.

Th' angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.

Milton.

Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.

Pope.

2. Habitually melancholy; gloomy; not gay or cheerful.

See in her cell sad Eloisa spread.

Pope.

3. Downcast; gloomy; having the external appearance of sorrow; as a sad countenance. Matthew 6.

4. Serious; grave; not gay, light or volatile.

Lady Catherine, a sad and religious woman.

Bacon.

5. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as a sad accident; a sad misfortune.

6. Dark colored.

Woad or wade is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors.

Mortimer.

[This sense is, I believe, entirely obsolete.]

7. Bad; vexatious; as a sad husband. [Colloquial.]

Addison.

8. Heavy; weighty; ponderous.

With that his hand more sad than lump of lead. Obs.

Spenser.

9. Close; firm; cohesive; opposed to light or friable.

Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Obs.

Mortimer.

[The two latter senses indicate that the primary sense is set, fixed; Welsh sadiaw, to make firm.]

Sadden

SADDEN, v. t. sad'n. To make sad or sorrowful; also, to make melancholy or gloomy.

Pope.

2. To make dark colored. Obs.

3. To make heavy, firm or cohesive.

Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to caly lands. Obs.

Mortimer.

Saddened

SAD'DENED, participle passive Made sad or gloomy.

Saddening

SAD'DENING, participle of the present tense Making sad or gloomy.

Saddle

SADDLE, n. sad'l. [Saxon sadel, sadl; Dutch zadel; German sattel; Danish Swedish sadel; Welsh sadell; Irish sadhall; Russian sedlo or siedlo; from the root of sit, set, Latin sedeo, sedile.]

1. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit on. Saddles are variously made, as the common saddle and the hunting saddle, and for females the sidesaddle.

2. Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on the lower yard-arms to retain the studding sail-booms in their place. The name is given also to other circular pieces of wood; as the saddle of the bowsprit.

Mar. Dict.

Saddle

SAD'DLE, verb transitive To put a saddle on.

Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his ass. Genesis 22.

2. To load; to fix a burden on; as, to be saddled with the expense of bridges and highways.

Saddle-Backed

SAD'DLE-BACKED, adjective Having a low back and an elevated neck and head, as a horse.

Far. Dict.

Saddle-Bow

SAD'DLE-BOW, noun [Saxon sadl-boga.] The bows of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.

Saddle-Maker

SAD'DLE-MAKER, or SAD'DLER, noun One whose occupation is to make saddles.

Sadducean

SADDUCE'AN, adjective Pertaining to the Sadducees, a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. Acts 23.

Sadducism

SAD'DUCISM, noun The tenets of the Sadducees.

More.

Sadly

SAD'LY, adverb Sorrowfully; mournfully.

He sadly suffers in their grief.

Dryden.

2. In a calamitous or miserable manner. The misfortunes which others experience we may one day sadly feel.

3. In a dark color. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Sadness

SAD'NESS, noun Sorrowfulness; mournfulness; dejection of mind; as grief and sadness at the memory of sin.

Decay of Piety.

2. A melancholy look; gloom of countenance.

Dim sadness did not spare

Celestial visages.

Milton.

3. Seriousness; sedate gravity. Let every thing in a mournful subject have an air of sadness.

Safe

SAFE, adjective [French sauf, sauve, contracted from Latin salvus, from salus, safety, health.]

1. Free from danger of any kind; as safe from enemies; safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from the malice of foes.

2. Free from hurt, injury or damage; as, to walk safe over red hot plowshares. We brought the goods safe to land.

3. Conferring safety; securing from harm; as a safe guide; a safe harbor; a safe bridge.

4. Not exposing to danger. Philippians 3.

5. No longer dangerous; placed beyond the power of doing harm; a ludicrous meaning.

Banquo's safe.

Ã‚--Aye, my good lord, safe in a ditch.

Shak.

Safe

SAFE, noun A place of safety; a place for securing provisions from noxious animals.

Safe

SAFE, verb transitive To render safe. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Safe-Conduct

SAFE-CON'DUCT, noun [safe and conduct; French sauf-conduit.]

That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or in a foreign country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of security given to a person by the sovereign of a country to enable him to travel with safety.

Safeguard

SA'FEGU`ARD, noun [safe and guard.] He or that which defends or protects; defense; protection.

The sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne.

Granville.

2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler.

3. A passport; a warrant of security given by a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories; formerly, a protection granted to a stranger in prosecuting his rights in due course of law.

Encyc.

4. An outer petticoat to save women's clothes on horseback.

Mason.

Safeguard

SA'FEGU`ARD, verb transitive To guard; to protect. [Little used.]

Shak.

Safe-Keeping

SAFE-KEE'PING, noun [safe and keep.] The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape.

Safely

SA'FELY, adverb In a safe manner; without incurring danger or hazard of evil consequences. We may safely proceed, or safely conclude.

2. Without injury. We passed the river safely.

3. Without escape; in close custody; as, to keep a prisoner safely.

Safeness

SA'FENESS, noun Freedom from danger; as the safeness of an experiment.

2. The state of being safe, or of conferring safety; as the safeness of a bridge or of a boat.

Safety

SA'FETY, noun Freedom from danger or hazard; as the safety of an electrical experiment; the safety of a voyage.

I was not in safety, nor had I rest. Job 3.

2. Exemption from hurt, injury or loss. We crossed the Atlantic in safety.

3. Preservation from escape; close custody; as, to keep a prisoner in safety.

4. Preservation from hurt.

Shak.

Safety-Valve

SA'FETY-VALVE, noun A valve by means of which a boiler is preserved from bursting by the force of steam.

Safflow

SAF'FLOW, or SAF'FLOWER, noun The plant, bastard saffron, of the genus Carthamus.

Petty.

Safflower

SAF'FLOWER, noun A deep red fecula separated from orange-colored flowers, particularly those of the Carthamus tinctorius; called also Spanish red and China lake.

Encyc. Ure.

The dried flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius.

Thomson.

Saffron

SAF'FRON, noun [Welsh safrwn, safyr; French safran; Armoric zafron; Italian zafferano; Spanish azafran; Portugese aÃƒ-§afram; Dutch saffraan; German Swedish Danish saffran; Turk. zafrani; Arabic to be yellow, to be empty; the root of cipher.

The radical sense then is to fail, or to be hollow, or to be exhausted.]

1. A plant of the genus Crocus. The bastard saffron is of the genus Carthamus, and the meadow saffron of the genus Colchicum.

2. In the materia medica, saffron is formed of the stigmata of the Crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and pressed into cakes.

Encyc.

Saffron

SAF'FRON, adjective Having the color of saffron flowers; yellow; as a saffron face; a saffron streamer.

Shak. Dryden.

Saffron

SAF'FRON, verb transitive To tinge with saffron; to make yellow; to gild.

Chaucer.

Sag

SAG, verb intransitive [a different spelling of swag, which see.]

1. To yield; to give way; to lean or incline from an upright position, or to bend from a horizontal position. Our workmen say, a building sags to the north or south; or a beam sags by means of its weight.

2. In sailing, to incline to the leeward; to make lee way.

Mar. Dict.

Sag

SAG, verb transitive To cause to bend or give way; to load or burden.

Sagacious

SAGA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin sagax, from sagus, wise, foreseeing; saga, a wise woman; sagio, to perceive readily; French sage, sagesse; Spanish saga, sagaz; Italian saggio. The latter signifies wise, prudent, sage, and an essay, which unites this word with seek, and Latin sequor.]

1. Quick of scent; as a sagacious hound; strictly perhaps, following by the scent, which sense is connected with Latin sequor; with of; as sagacious of his quarry.

Milton.

2. Quick of thought; acute in discernment or penetration; as a sagacious head; a sagacious mind.

Locke.

I would give more for the criticisms of one sagacious enemy, than for those of a score of admirers.

H. Humphrey.

Sagaciously

SAGA'CIOUSLY, adverb With quick scent.

2. With quick discernment or penetration.

Sagaciousness

SAGA'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being sagacious; quickness of scent.

2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment.

Sagacity

SAGAC'ITY, noun [French sagacitÃƒ-©; Latin sagacitas.]

1. Quickness or acuteness of scent; applied to animals.

2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment or penetration; readiness of apprehension; the faculty of readily discerning and distinguishing ideas, and of separating truth from falsehood.

Sagacity finds out the intermediate ideas, to discover what connection there is in each link of the chain.

Locke.

Sagamore

SAG'AMORE, noun Among some tribes of American Indians, a king or chief. [In Saxon sigora is a conqueror.]

Sagapen

SAG'APEN, or SAGAPE'NUM, noun In pharmacy, a gumresin, brought from Persia and the East in granules or in masses. It is a compact substance, heavy, of a reddish color, with small whitish or yellowish specks. It is an attenuant, aperient and discutient.

Encyc.

Sagathy

SAG'ATHY, noun A kind of serge; a slight woolen stuff.

Tatler.

Sagf

SAGF, noun [French sauge; Arabic saoch.] A plant of the genus Salvia, of several species; as the officinalis, or common large sage, of several varieties; the tomentosa or balsamic samic sage; the auriculata, or sage of virtue; and the pomifera.

Encyc.

Sage

SAGE, adjective [French sage; Italian saggio; Latin saga, sagus, sagio. See Sagacious.]

1. Wise; having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; as a sage counselor.

2. Wise; judicious; proceeding from wisdom; well judged; well adapted to the purpose; as sage counsels.

Sage

SAGE, noun A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a man of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.

At his birth a star proclaims him come,

And guides the eastern sages.

Milton.

Groves where immortal sages taught.

Pope.

Sagely

SA'GELY, adverb Wisely; with just discernment and prudence.

Sagene

SAGE'NE, noun A Russian measure of about seven English feet. [See Sajene.]

Sageness

SA'GENESS, noun Wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity.

Ascham.

Sagenite

SAG'ENITE, noun Acicular rutile.

Ure.

Sagittal

SAG'ITTAL, adjective [Latin sagittalis, from sagitta, an arrow; that which is thrown or driven, probably from the root of say and sing.]

Pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; as sagittal bars of yellow.

Pennant.

In anatomy, the sagittal suture is the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull.

Coxe.

Sagittarius

SAGITTA'RIUS, noun [Latin an archer.] One of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters Nov. 22.

Sagittary

SAG'ITTARY, noun [supra.] A centaur, an animal half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver.

Shak.

Sagittate

SAG'ITTATE, adjective In botany, shaped like the head of an arrow; triangular, hollowed at the base, with angles at the hinder part; or with the hinder angles acute, divided by a sinus; applied to the leaf, stipula or anther.

Martyn.

Sago

SA'GO, noun A dry mealy substance or granulated paste, imported from Java and the Philippine and Molucca isles. It is the pith or marrow of a species of palm tree, and much used in medicine as a restorative diet.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

Sagoin

SAGOIN', noun The Sagoins form a division of the genus Simia, including such of the monkeys of America as have hairy tails, not prehensile.

Encyc.

Sagy

SA'GY, adjective [from sage.] Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

Sahlite

SAH'LITE, noun A mineral named from the mountain Sahla, in Westermania, where it was discovered. It is of a light greenish gray color, occurs massive, and composed of coarse granular concretions. It is called also malacolite; a subspecies or variety of augite.

Thomson. Ure.

Saic

SAIC, noun A Turkish or Grecian vessel, very common in the Levant, a kind of ketch which has no top-gallant-sail, nor mizen-top-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Said

SAID, pret. and participle passive of say; so written for sayed. Declared; uttered; reported.

2. Aforesaid; before mentioned.

Sail

SAIL, noun [Saxon German Swedish segel; Danish sejl; Dutch zeil; Welsh hwyl, a sail, a course, order, state, journey; hwyliaw, to set in a course, train or order, to direct, to proceed, to sail, to attack, to butt. The Welsh appears to be the same word. So hal is the Latin sal, salt.]

1. In navigation, a spread of canvas, or an assemblage of several breadths of canvas, [or some substitute for it,] sewed together with a double seam at the borders, and edged with a cord called the bolt-rope, to be extended on the masts or yards for receiving the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven. The principal sails are the courses or lower sails, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.

Mar. Dict.

2. In poetry, wings.

Spenser.

3. A ship or other vessel; used in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for many. We saw a sail at the leeward. We saw three sail on our star-board quarter. The fleet consists of twenty sail.

To loose sails, to unfurl them.

To make sail, to extend an additional quantity of sail.

To set sail, to expand or spread the sails; and hence, to begin a voyage.

To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part.

To strike sail, to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting or in sudden gusts of wind.

2. To abate show or pomp. [Colloquial.]

Shak.

Sail

SAIL, verb intransitive To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. A ship sails from New-York for Liverpool. She sails ten knots an hour. She sails well close-hauled.

2. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water. We sailed from London to Canton.

3. To swim.

Ã‚--Little dolphins, when they sail

In the vast shadow of the British whale.

Dryden.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage. We sailed from New York for Havre, June 15, 1824. We sailed from Cowes for New York, May 10, 1825.

5. To be carried in the air, as a balloon.

6. To pass smoothly along.

As is a wing'd messenger from heaven,

When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds,

And sails upon the bosom of the air.

Shak.

7. To fly without striking with the wings.

Sail

SAIL, verb transitive To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of sails.

A thousand ships were mann'd to sail the sea.

Dryden.

[This use is elliptical, on or over being omitted.]

2. To fly through.

Sublime she sails

Th' aerial space, and mounts the winged gales.

Pope.

Sailable

SA'ILABLE, adjective Navigable; that may be passed by ships.

Cotgrave.

Sail-Borne

SA'IL-BORNE, adjective Borne or conveyed by sails.

J. Barlow.

Sail-Broad

SA'IL-BROAD, adjective [See Broad.] Spreading like a sail.

Milton.

Sailed

SA'ILED, participle passive Passed in ships or other water craft.

Sailer

SA'ILER, noun One that sails; a seaman; usually sailor.

2. A ship or other vessel, with reference to her manner of sailing. Thus we say, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer; a prime sailer.

Sailing

SA'ILING, participle of the present tense Moving on water or in air; passing in a ship or other vessel.

Sailing

SA'ILING, noun The act of moving on water; or the movement of a ship or vessel impelled or wafted along the surface of water by the action of wind on her sails.

Mar. Dict.

2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon.

3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage.

Sail-Loft

SA'IL-LOFT, noun A loft or apartment where sails are cut out and made.

Sail-Maker

SA'IL-MAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make sails.

2. An officer on board ships of war, whose business is to repair or alter sails.

Mar. Dict.

Sail-Making

SA'IL-MAKING, noun The art or business of making sails.

Sailor

SA'ILOR, noun [a more common spelling than sailer.]

A mariner; a seaman; one who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels, or one who understands the management of ships in navigation. This word however does not by itself express any particular skill in navigation. It denotes any person who follows the seas, and is chiefly or wholly applied to the common hands. [See Seaman.]

Sail-Yard

SA'IL-YARD, noun [Saxon segl-gyrd.] The yard or spar on which sails are extended.

Dryden.

Saim

SAIM, noun [Saxon seim; Welsh saim; French saindoux. Qu. Latin sebum, contracted.] Lard. [Local.]

Sain

SAIN, for sayen, pp. of say. Obs.

Shak.

Sainfoin

SA'INFOIN, or SA'INTFOIN, noun [French sainfoin; saint, sacred, and foin, hay.] A plant cultivated for fodder, of the genus Hedysarum.

Saint

SAINT, noun [French from Latin sanctus; Italian Spanish santo.]

1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue. It is particularly applied to the apostles and other holy persons mentioned in Scripture. A hypocrite may imitate a saint. Psalm 16.

Addison.

2. One of the blessed in heaven. Revelation 18.

3. The holy angels are called saints, Deuteronomy 33, Jude 14.

4. One canonized by the church of Rome.

Encyc.

Saint

SAINT, verb transitive To number or enroll among saints by an official act of the pope; to canonize.

Over against the church stands a large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted.

Addison.

Saint

SAINT, verb intransitive To act with a show of piety.

Pope.

Sainted

SA'INTED, participle passive Canonized; enrolled among the saints.

2. adjective Holy; pious; as, thy father was a most sainted king.

Shak.

3. Sacred; as the gods on sainted hills.

Milton.

Saintess

SA'INTESS, noun A female saint.

Fisher.

Saint Johns Bread

SAINT JOHN'S BREAD, noun A plant of the genus Ceratonia.

Saint Johns Wort

SAINT JOHN'S WORT, noun A plant of the genus Hypericum.

Saintlike

SA'INTLIKE, adjective [saint and like.] Resembling a saint; as a saintlike prince.

Bacon.

2. Suiting a saint; becoming a saint.

Gloss'd over only with a saintlike show.

Dryden.

Saintly

SA'INTLY, adjective Like a saint; becoming a holy person; as wrongs with saintly patience borne.

Milton.

Saint Peters Wort

SAINT PETER'S WORT, noun A plant of the genus Ascyrum, and another of the genus Hypericum.

Saints Bell

SA'INT'S BELL, noun A small bell rung in churches when the priest repeats the words sancte, sancte, sancte, Deus sabaoth, that persons absent might fall on their knees in reverence of the holy office.

Bp. Hall.

Saint-Seeming

SA'INT-SEEMING, adjective Having the appearance of a saint.

Mountagu.

Saintship

SA'INTSHIP, noun The character or qualities of a saint.

Sajene

SAJE'NE, noun [written also sagene. Tooke writes it sajene.]

A Russian measure of length, equal to seven feet English measure.

Sake

SAKE, noun [Saxon sac, saca, sace, sacu, contention, discord, a suit or action at law, cause in court, hence the privilege which a lord had of taking cognizance of suits in his own manor; sacan, to contend, to strive; Gothic sakan, to rebuke, chide, upbraid; Dutch zaak, cause, case, thing, business, affair; German sache, matter, thing; eines sache fÃƒ-¼hren, to plead one's cause; ursache, cause, reason, motive; Swedish sak and orsak, id.; Danish sag, cause, thing, affair, matter, case, suit, action; Chaldee to contend, to strive, to seek; Hebrew to press or oppress; Chaldee to accuse, to criminate. Class Sg. No. 46. 92. The primary sense is to strain, urge, press or drive forward, and this is from the same root as seek, essay and Latin sequor, whence we have pursue and prosecute. We have analagous words in cause, thing, and the Latin res. Its Saxon sense is no longer in use, that is, cause, action, suit, a seeking or demand in court; but we use it in a sense nearly similar, though differently applied.]

1. Final cause; end; purpose; or rather the purpose of obtaining. I open a window for the sake of air, that is, to obtain it, for the purpose of obtaining air. I read for the sake of instruction, that is, to obtain it. Sake then signifies primarily effort to obtain, and secondarily purpose of obtaining. The hero fights for the sake of glory; men labor for the sake of subsistence or wealth.

2. Account; regard to any person or thing.

I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Genesis 8.

Save me for thy mercies' sake. Psalm 6.

Saker

SA'KER, noun [French sacre.] A hawk; a species of falcon.

2. A piece of artillery.

Hudibras.

Sakeret

SAK'ERET, noun The male of the saker-hawk.

Bailey.

Sal

SAL, noun [See Salt.] Salt; a word much used in chimistry and pharmacy.

Salable

SA'LABLE, adjective [from sale.] That may be sold; that finds a ready market; being in good demand.

Salableness

SA'LABLENESS, noun The state of being salable.

Salably

SA'LABLY, adverb In a salable manner.

Salacious

SALA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin salax, from the root of sal, salt; the primary sense of which is shooting, penetrating, pungent, coinciding probably with Latin salio, to leap. Salacious then is highly excited, or prompt to leap.] Lustful; lecherous.

Dryden.

Salaciously

SALA'CIOUSLY, adverb Lustfully; with eager animal appetite.

Salaciousness

SALA'CIOUSNESS, or SALAC'ITY, noun Lust; lecherousness; strong propensity to venery.

Brown.

Salad

SAL'AD, noun [French salade; Armoric saladenn; Italian insalata; Spanish ensalada, that is literally, salted; Dutch salaade; German Swedish salat; Danish salad.]

Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to other food.

Leaves eaten raw, are termed salad.

Watts.

Salading

SAL'ADING, noun Vegetables for salads.

Cheyne.

Sal-Alembroth

SAL-ALEMBROTH, noun A compound muriate of mercury and ammonia.

Ure.

Salam

SALAM', noun [Oriental, peace or safety.] A salutation or compliment of ceremony or respect. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Salamander

SAL'AMANDER, noun [Latin Greek salamandra.] An animal of the genus Lacerta or Lizard, one of the smaller species of the genus, not being more than six or seven inches in length. It has a short cylindrical tail, four toes on the four feet, and a naked body. The skin is furnished with small excrescences like teats, which are full of holes from which oozes a milky liquor that spreads over the skin, forming a kind of transparent varnish. The eyes are placed in the upper part of the head. The color is dark, with a bluish cast on the belly, intermixed with irregular yellow spots. This animal is oviparous, inhabits cold damp places among trees or hedges, avoiding the heat of the sun. The vulgar story of its being able to endure fire, is a mistake.

Encyc.

Salamander's hair or wool, a name given to a species of asbestos or mineral flax; I believe no longer used.

Salamandrine

SALAMAN'DRINE, adjective Pertaining to or resembling a salamander; enduring fire.

Spectator.

Sal ammoniac, muriate of ammonia. The native sal ammoniac is of two kinds, volcanic and conchoidal.

Ure.

Salaried

SAL'ARIED, adjective Enjoying a salary.

Salary

SAL'ARY, noun [French salaire; Italian Spanish salario; Latin salarium; said to be from sal, salt, which was part of the pay of Roman soldiers.]

The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to a person for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by the year, as to governors, magistrates, settled clergymen, instructors of seminaries, or other officers, civil or ecclesiastical. When wages are stated or stipulated by the month, week or day, we do not call the compensation salary, but pay or wages; as in the case of military men and laborers.

Sale

SALE, noun [Welsh sal, a pass, a cast or throw, a sale; Saxon sal, sale; sellan, sylan, syllan, gesyllan, to give, yield, grant, impart, deliver, also to sell. The primary sense of sell, is simply to deliver or cause to pass from one person to another; Swedish s?lja, Danish soelger, to sell.]

1. The act of selling; the exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value. The exchange of one commodity for another is barter or permutation, and sale differs from barter only in the nature of the equivalent given.

2. Vent; power of selling; market. He went to market, but found no sale for his goods.

3. Auction; public sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market. [Little used.]

Temple.

4. State of being venal, or of being offered to bribery; as, to set the liberty of a state to sale.

Addison.

5. A wicker basket. [Qu. Saxon soelan, to bind.]

Spenser.

Sale

SALE, adjective Sold; bought; as opposed to homemade. [Colloquial.]

Salebrosity

SALEBROS'ITY, noun [See Salebrous.] Roughness or ruggedness of a place or road.

Feltham.

Salebrous

SAL'EBROUS, adjective [Latin salebrosus, from salebra, a rough place; probably allied to salio, to shoot out.] Rough; rugged; uneven. [Little used.]

Salep

SAL'EP, noun [said to be a Turkish word; written also salop, saloop and saleb.]

In the materia medica, the dried root of a species of orchis; also, a preparation of this root to be used as food.

Fourcroy. Parr.

Salesman

SA'LESMAN, noun [sale and man.] One that sells clothes ready made.

Swift.

Salework

SA'LEWORK, noun Work or things made for sale; hence, work carelessly done. This last sense is a satire on man.

Shak.

Salic

SAL'IC, adjective [The origin of this word is not ascertained.]

The Salic law of France is a fundamental law, by virtue of which males only can inherit the throne.

Salient

SA'LIENT, adjective [Latin saliens, salio, to leap.]

1. Leaping; an epithet in heraldry applied to a lion or other beast, represented in a leaping posture, with his right foot in the dexter point, and his hinder left foot in the sinister base of the escutcheon, by which it is distinguished from rampant.

Harris.

2. In fortification, projecting; as a salient angle. A salient angle points outward, and is opposed to a re-entering angle, which points inward.

Encyc.

Salient

SA'LIENT, adjective [Latin saliens, from salio, to leap or shoot out.]

1. Leaping; moving by leaps; as frogs.

Brown.

2. Beating; throbbing; as the heart.

Blackmore.

3. Shooting out or up; springing; darting; as a salient sprout.

Pope.

Saliferous

SALIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin sal, salt, and fero, to produce.]

Producing or bearing salt; as saliferous rock.

Eaton.

Salifiable

SAL'IFIABLE, adjective [from salify.] Capable of becoming a salt, or of combining with an acid to form a neutral salt. Salifiable bases are alkalies, earths and metallic oxyds.

Lavoisier.

Salification

SALIFICA'TION, noun The act of salifying.

Salified

SAL'IFIED, participle passive Formed into a neutral salt by combination with an acid.

Salify

SAL'IFY, verb transitive [Latin sal, salt, and facio, to make.]

To form into a neutral salt, by combining an acid with an alkali, earth or metal.

Salifying

SAL'IFYING, participle of the present tense Forming into a salt by combination with an acid.

Saligot

SAL'IGOT, noun [French] A plant, the water thistle.

Salination

SALINA'TION, noun [Latin sal, salt; salinator, a salt maker; French salin, salt, brinish.]

The act of washing with salt water.

Greenhill.

Saline

SALI'NE, or SALI'NOUS, adjective [French salin, from Latin sal, salt.] Consisting of salt, or constituting salt; as saline particles; saline substances.

2. Partaking of the qualities of salt; as a saline taste.

Saline

SALI'NE, noun [Spanish Italian salina; French saline.] A salt spring, or a place where salt water is collected in the earth; a name given to the salt springs in the U. States.

Saliniferous

SALINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin sal, salinum, and fero, to produce.] Producing salt.

Saliniform

SALIN'IFORM, adjective [Latin sal, salinum, and form.] Having the form of salt.

Salino-Terrene

SALINO-TERRENE, adjective [Latin sal, salinum, and terrenus, from terra, earth.] Denoting a compound of salt and earth.

Salite

SAL'ITE, verb transitive [Latin salio, from sal, salt.] To salt; to impregnate or season with salt. [Little used.]

Saliva

SALI'VA, or SAL'IVE, noun [Latin saliva; Irish seile; Welsh haliw, as if connected with hÃƒ-¢l, salt. The Irish has silim, to drop or distill, and sileadh, saliva.]

The fluid which is secreted by the salivary glands, and which serves to moisten the mouth and tongue. It moistens our food also, and by being mixed with it in mastication, promotes digestion. When discharged from the mouth, it is called spittle.

Salival

SAL'IVAL, or SAL'IVARY, adjective [from saliva.] Pertaining to saliva; secreting or conveying saliva; as salivary glands; salivary ducts or canals.

Encyc. Arbuthnot.

Salivate

SAL'IVATE, verb transitive [from saliva; French saliver.]

To excite an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva in a person, usually by mercury; to produce ptyalism in a person. Physicians salivate their patients in diseases of the glands, of the liver, in the venereal disease, in yellow fever, &c.

Salivated

SAL'IVATED, participle passive Having an increased secretion of saliva from medicine.

Salivating

SAL'IVATING, participle of the present tense Exciting increased secretion of saliva.

Salivation

SALIVA'TION, noun The act or process of promoting ptyalism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva, for the cure of disease.

Salivous

SALI'VOUS, adjective Pertaining to saliva; partaking of the nature of saliva.

Wiseman.

Sallet

SAL'LET, noun [French salade.] A head-piece or helmet.

Chaucer.

Sallet

SAL'LET, or SAL'LETING, noun [corrupted from salad. Not in use.]

Salliance

SAL'LIANCE, noun [from sally.] An issuing forth. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sallow

SAL'LOW, noun [Saxon salh, salig; Irish sail; French saule; Italian salcio; Spanish salce; Latin salix;

Welsh helig. Qu. from its color, resembling brine.] A tree of the willow kind, or genus Salix.

Sallow

SAL'LOW, adjective [Saxon salowig, sealwe, from salh, Latin salix, the tree, supra.]

Having a yellowish color; of a pale sickly color, tinged with a dark yellow; as a sallow skin.

Sallowness

SAL'LOWNESS, noun A yellowish color; paleness tinged with a dark yellow; as sallowness of complexion.

Sally

SAL'LY, noun [French saillie; Italian salita; Spanish salida; Portugese sahida. See the Verb.] In a general sense, a spring; a darting or shooting. Hence,

1. An issue or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack the besiegers.

Bacon.

2. A spring or darting of intellect, fancy or imagination; flight; sprightly exertion. We say, sallies of wit, sallies of imagination.

3. Excursion from the usual track; range.

He who often makes sallies into a country, and traverses it up and down, will know it better than one that goes always round in the same track.

Locke.

4. Act of levity or extravagance; wild gayety; frolick; a bounding or darting beyond ordinary rules; as a sally of youth; a sally of levity.

Wotton. Swift.

Sally

SAL'LY, verb intransitive [French saillir; Armoric sailha; It salire; Spanish salir; Portugese sahir, [l lost;] Latin salio. Qu. Greek, which is allied to the Arabic alla, or halla, both of which signify to impel, to shoot. See Solar, from Latin sol, Welsh haul, Greek.]

1. To issue or rush out, as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers.

They break the truce, and sally out by night.

Dryden.

2. To issue suddenly; to make a sudden eruption.

Sallying

SAL'LYING, participle of the present tense Issuing or rushing out.

Sally-Port

SAL'LY-PORT, noun In fortification, a postern gate, or a passage under ground from the inner to the outer works, such as from the higher flank to the lower, or to the tenailles, or to the communication from the middle of the curtain to the ravelin.

Encyc.

2. A large port on each quarter of a fireship for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired.

Mar. Dict.

Salmagundi

SALMAGUN'DI, noun [Spanish salpicon, corrupted. See Salpicon.]

A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring with oil, vinegar, pepper and onions.

Johnson.

Salmiac, a contraction of sal ammoniac.

Salmon

SALMON, n. sam'mon. [Latin salmo; French saumon.]

A fish of the genus Salmo, found in all the northern climates of America, Europe and Asia, ascending the rivers for spawning in spring, and penetrating to their head streams. It is a remarkably strong fish, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of its progress. It has been known to grow to the weight of 75 pounds; more generally it is from 15 to 25 pounds. It furnishes a delicious dish for the table, and is an article of commerce.

Salmon-Trout

SALMON-TROUT, n. sam'mon-trout. A species of trout resembling the salmon in color.

Walton.

Saloon

SALOON', noun [Italian salone, from sala, hall; Spanish French salon. See Hall.]

In architecture, a lofty spacious hall, vaulted at the top, and usually comprehending two stories, with two ranges of windows. It is a magnificent room in the middle of a building, or at the head of a gallery, &c. It is a state room much used in palaces in Italy for the reception of embassadors and other visitors.

Encyc.

Saloop

SALOOP, or SALOP. [See Salep.]

Salpicon

SAL'PICON, noun [Spanish from salpicar, to be-sprinkle; Portugese to corn, to powder, to spot; from sal, salt.]

Stuffing; farce; chopped meat or bread, &c. used to stuff legs of veal; called also salmagundi. [I believe not used.]

Bacon.

Salsamentarious

SALSAMENTA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin salsamentarius.] Pertaining to salt things. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Salsify

SAL'SIFY, noun [French salsifis.] Goat's beard, a plant of the genus Tragopogon.

Mortimer.

Salsoacid

SALSOAC'ID, adjective [Latin salsus, salt, and acidus, acid.]

Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidness. [Little used.]

Floyer.

Salsuginous

SALSU'GINOUS, adjective [from Latin salsugo, from sal, salt.] Saltish; somewhat salt.

Boyle.

Salt

SALT, noun [Saxon salt, sealt; Gothic Swedish Danish salt; German salz; Dutch sout; Russian sol; Italian sale; French sel; Latin Spanish Portugese sal; Greek; Welsh halen; Cornish Armoric halinn, from Welsh hÃƒ-¢l, salt, a pervading substance. The radical sense is probably pungent, and if s is radical, the word belongs to the root of Latin salio; but this is uncertain.]

1. Common salt is the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning certain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c. It is found native in the earth, or it is produced by evaporation and crystalization from water impregnated with saline particles.

2. In chimistry, a body compounded of an acid united to some base, which may be either an alkali, an earth, or a metallic oxyd. Accordingly, salts are alkaline, earthy, or metallic. Many compounds of this kind, of which common salt, (muriate of soda,) is the most distinguished, exist in nature; but most of these, together with many others not known in nature, have been formed by the artificial combination of their elements. Their entire number exceeds 2000. When the acid and base mutually saturate each other, so that the individual properties of each are lost, the compound is a neutral salt; when the acid predominates, it is a super salt; and when the base predominates, it is a sub salt. Thus we have a subcarbonate, a carbonate, and a supercarbonate of potash.

Dutch Olmsted.

3. Taste; sapor; smack.

We have some salt of our youth in us.

Shak.

4. Wit; poignancy; as Attic salt.

Salt

SALT, adjective Having the taste of salt; impregnated with salt; as salt beef; salt water.

2. Abounding with salt; as a salt land. Jeremiah 17.

3. Overflowed with salt water, or impregnated with it; as a salt marsh.

4. Growing on salt marsh or meadows and having the taste of salt; as salt grass or hay.

5. Producing salt water; as a salt spring.

6. Lecherous; salacious.

Shak.

Salt

SALT, noun The part of a river near the sea, where the water is salt.

Beverly.

2. A vessel for holding salt.

Salt

SALT, verb transitive To sprinkle, impregnate or season with salt; as, to salt fish, beef or pork.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.

Salt

SALT, verb intransitive To deposit salt from a saline substance; as, the brine begins to salt. [Used by manufacturers.]

Salt

SALT, noun [French saut, from saillir, to leap.] A leap; the act of jumping. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Saltant

SALT'ANT, adjective [Latin saltans, from salto, to leap.] Leaping; jumping; dancing.

Dict.

Saltation

SALTA'TION, noun [Latin saltatio, from salto, to leap.]

1. A leaping or jumping.

Brown.

2. Beating or palpitation; as the saltation of the great artery.

Wiseman.

Saltcat

SALT'CAT, noun A lump or heap of salt, made at the salt-works, which attracts pigeons.

Mortimer.

Salt-Cellar

SALT'-CELLAR, noun [salt and cellar.] A small vessel used for holding salt on the table.

Swift.

Salted

SALT'ED, participle passive Sprinkled, seasoned or impregnated with salt.

Salter

SALT'ER, noun One who salts; one who gives or applies salt.

2. One that sells salt.

Camden.

Saltern

SALT'ERN, noun A salt-work; a building in which salt is made by boiling or evaporation.

Encyc.

Saltier

SALT'IER, noun [French sautoir, from sauter, Latin salto, to leap.]

In heraldry, one of the honorable ordinaries, in the form of St. Andrew's cross.

Encyc.

Saltinbanco

SALT'INBANCO, noun [French saltimbanque; Italian saltare in banco, to leap on the bench, to mount on the bench.] A mountebank; a quack. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Salting

SALT'ING, participle of the present tense Sprinkling, seasoning or impregnating with salt.

Salting

SALT'ING, noun The act of sprinkling or impregnating with salt.

Saltish

SALT'ISH, adjective Somewhat salt; tinctured or impreguated moderately with salt.

Saltishly

SALT'ISHLY, adverb With a moderate degree of saltness.

Saltishness

SALT'ISHNESS, noun A moderate degree of saltness.

Saltless

SALT'LESS, adjective Destitute of salt; insipid.

Saltly

SALT'LY, adverb With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

Salt-Mine

SALT'-MINE, noun A mine where fossil salt is obtained.

Saltness

SALT'NESS, noun The quality of being impregnated with salt; as the saltness of sea water or of provisions.

2. Taste of salt.

Salt-Pan

SALT'-PAN, or SALT'-PIT, noun A pan, bason or pit where salt is obtained or made.

Bacon. Woodward.

Saltpeter

SALTPE'TER, or SALTPE'TRE, [salt and Greek, a stone.] A neutral salt formed by the nitric acid in combination with potash, and hence denominated nitrate of potash. It is found native in the East Indies, in Spain, in Naples and other places. It is also found on walls sheltered from rain, and it is extracted by lixiviation from the earths under cellars, stables and barns, &c.

Hooper. Lavoisier.

Saltpetrous

SALTPE'TROUS, adjective Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter.

Med. Repos.

Salts

SALTS, noun The salt water of rivers entering from the ocean.

S. Carolina.

Salt-Water

SALT'-WATER, noun Water impregnated with salt; sea water.

Salt-Work

SALT'-WORK, noun A house or place where salt is made.

Salt-Wort

SALT-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Salicornia; jointed glasswort.

Salubrious

SALU'BRIOUS, adjective [Latin saluber, salubris, from salus. See Safe.]

Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as salubrious air or water; a salubrious climate.

Salubriously

SALU'BRIOUSLY, adverb So as to promote health.

Burke.

Salubrity

SALU'BRITY, noun [Latin salubritas.] Wholesomeness; healthfulness; favorableness to the preservation of health; as the salubrity of air, of a country or climate.

Salutariness

SAL'UTARINESS, noun [See Salutary.]

1. Wholesomeness; the quality of contributing to health or safety.

2. The quality of promoting good or prosperity.

Salutary

SAL'UTARY, adjective [French salutaire; Latin salutaris, from salus, health.]

1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health. Diet and exercise are salutary to men of sedentary habits.

2. Promotive of public safety; contributing to some beneficial purpose. The strict discipline of youth has a salutary effect on society.

Salutation

SALUTA'TION, noun [French from Latin salutatio. See Salute.]

The act of saluting; a greeting; the act of paying respect or reverence by the customary words or actions; as in inquiring of persons their welfare, expressing to them kind wishes, bowing, &c. Luke 1. Mark 12.

In all public meetings and private addresses, use the forms of salutation, reverence and decency usual among the most sober people.

Taylor.

Salute

SALU'TE, verb transitive [Latin saluto; Italian salutare; Spanish saludar; French saluer; from Latin salus or salvus.]

1. To greet; to hail; to address with expressions of kind wishes.

If ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? Matthew 5.

2. To please; to gratify. [Unusual.]

Shak.

3. To kiss.

4. In military and naval affairs, to honor some person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by striking colors, by shouts, &c.

Salute

SALU'TE, noun The act of expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.

South. Addison.

2. A kiss.

Roscommon.

3. In military affairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of some distinguished personage. A salute is sometimes performed by lowering the colors or beating the drums. The officers also salute each other by bowing their half pikes.

Encyc.

4. In the navy, a testimony of respect or deference rendered by the ships of one nation to the ships of another, or by ships of the same nation to a superior or equal. This is performed by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, striking the colors or top-sails, or by shouts of the seamen mounted on the masts or rigging. When two squadrons meet, the two chiefs only are to exchange salutes.

Encyc.

Saluted

SALU'TED, participle passive Hailed; greeted.

Saluter

SALU'TER, noun One who salutes.

Salutiferous

SALUTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin salutifer; salus, health, and fero, to bring.] Bringing health; healthy; as salutiferous air.

Dennis.

Salvability

SALVABIL'ITY, noun [from salvable.] The possibility of being saved or admitted to everlasting life.

Saunderson.

Salvable

SALV'ABLE, adjective [Latin salvus, safe; salvo, to save.]

That may be saved, or received to everlasting happiness.

Salvage

SALV'AGE, noun [French salvage, sauvage, from Latin salvus, salvo.]

In commerce, a reward or recompense allowed by law for the saving of a ship or goods from loss at sea, either by shipwreck or other means, or by enemies or pirates.

Park.

Salvage

SALV'AGE, for savage, not used. [See Savage.]

Salvation

SALVA'TION, noun [Italian salvazione; Spanish salvacion; from Latin salvo, to save.]

1. The act of saving; preservation from destruction, danger or great calamity.

2. Appropriately in theology, the redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him everlasting happiness. This is the great salvation.

Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2 Corinthians 7.

3. Deliverance from enemies; victory. Exodus 14.

4. Remission of sins, or saving graces. Luke 19.

5. The author of man's salvation. Psalm 27.

6. A term of praise or benediction. Revelation 19.

Salvatory

SALV'ATORY, noun [French salvatoire.] A place where things are preserved; a repository.

Hale.

Salve

SALVE, n. sÃƒ- v. [Saxon sealfe; from Latin salvus.]

1. A glutinous composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; when spread on lether or cloth, it is called a plaster.

2. Help; remedy.

Hammond.

Salve

SALVE, v. t. sÃƒ- v. To heal by applications or medicaments. [Little used.]

Spenser. Hooker.

2. To help; to remedy. [Little used.]

Sidney.

3. To help or remedy by a salvo, excuse or reservation. [Little used.]

Hooker. Bacon.

4. To salute. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Salver

SAL'VER, noun A piece of plate with a foot; or a plate on which any thing is presented.

Addison. Pope.

Salvific

SALVIF'IC, adjective [Latin salvus and facio.] Tending to save or secure safety. [A bad word and not used.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Salvo

SAL'VO, noun [from the Latin salvo jure, an expression used in reserving rights.] An exception; a reservation; an excuse.

They admit many salvos, cautions and reservations.

K. Charles.

Salvor

SALV'OR, noun One who saves a ship or goods at sea.

Wheaton's Rep.

Samaritan

SAMAR'ITAN, adjective Pertaining to Samaria, the principal city of the ten tribes of Israel, belonging to the tribe of Ephraim, and after the captivity of those tribes, repeopled by Cuthites from Assyria or Chaldea.

2. Denoting the ancient characters and alphabet used by the Hebrews.

Samaritan

SAMAR'ITAN, noun An inhabitant of Samaria, or one that belonged to the sect which derived their appellation from that city. The Jews had no dealings with the Samaritans.

2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of the Chaldean.

Sambo

SAM'BO, noun The offspring of a black person and a mulatto.

Welsh Indies.

Same

SAME, adjective [Saxon same; Gothic sama, samo; Danish samme, same, and sammen, together; Swedish samme, same; Danish samler, forsamler, to collect, to assemble; Swedish samla, f?rsmala, id.; Dutch zaam, zamen, together; zamelen, to assemble; German sammeln, id.; Saxon samod, Latin simul, together; Saxon samnian, semnian, to assemble, to sum; Welsh sum, sum, amplitude; swm, the state of being together; swmer, that supports or keeps together, a beam, summer, in building. We observe that the Greek agrees in signification with the Latin simul and Saxon samod, Sanscrit sam, together. Shall we suppose then that s has passed into an aspirate in this word, as in salt, Greek, or has the Greek word lost s? The word same may be the Latin idem or dem, dialectically varied. The primary sense is to set, to place, to put together. See Arabic dhamma, to draw together, to set together, to join, to collect. Class Sm. No. 33. and see No. 43. 44.]

1. Identical; not different or other.

Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Psalm 102.

The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread. 1 Corinthians 11.

2. Of the identical kind or species, though not the specific thing. We say, the horse of one country is the same animal as the horse of another country. The same plants and fruits are produced in the same latitudes. We see in men in all countries, the same passions and the same vices.

Th' etherial vigor is in all the same.

Dryden.

3. That was mentioned before.

Do but think how well the same he spends,

Who spends his blood his country to relieve.

Daniel.

4. Equal; exactly similar. One ship will not run the same distance as another in the same time, and with the same wind. Two balls of the same size have not always the same weight. Two instruments will not always make the same sound.

Same

SAME, adverb [Saxon sam.] Together. Obs.

Spenser.

Sameness

SA'MENESS, noun Identity; the state of being not different or other; as the sameness of an unchangeable being.

2. Near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as a sameness of manner; a sameness of sound; the sameness of objects in a landscape.

Samian earth. [Greek Samos, the isle.] The name of a marl of two species, used in medicine as an astringent.

Samiel

SA'MIEL, or SIMOOM', noun [Arabic samom. The Arabic signifies to be thin, or to become thin or pale, and to suffer the heat of the simoom, and signifies to poison. This word signifies probably that which is deleterious or destructive.]

A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows in Arabia.

Samite

SAM'ITE, noun [Old French] A species of silk stuff. Obs.

Chaucer.

Samlet

SAM'LET, noun A little salmon.

Walton.

Samp

SAMP, noun A species of food composed of maiz broken or bruised, boiled and mixed with milk; a dish borrowed from the natives of America, but not much used.

New England.

Sampane

SAMP'ANE, noun A kind of vessel used by the Chinese.

Mar. Dict.

Samphire

SAM'PHIRE, noun [said to be a corruption of Saint Pierre.]

A plant of the genus Crithmum. The golden samphire is of the genus Inula.

Fam. of Plants.

Samphire grows on rocks near the sea shore, where it is washed by the salt water. It is used for pickling.

Miller.

Sample

SAM'PLE, noun [Latin exemplum; Spanish Portugese exemplo; Italian esempio; French exemple; Armoric eÃƒ-§zempl; Irish somplar, samhlachas, from samhail, similar.]

1. A specimen; a part of any thing presented for inspection or intended to be shown, as evidence of the quality of the whole; as a sample of cloth or of wheat. Goods are often purchased in market by samples.

I design this as a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss.

Woodward.

2. Example; instance.

Addison.

Sample

SAM'PLE, verb transitive To show something similar.

Ainsworth.

Sampler

SAM'PLER, noun [Latin exemplar, supra.] A pattern of work; a specimen; particularly, a piece of needle work by young girls for improvement.

Shak. Pope.

Samsons-Post

SAM'SON'S-POST, noun In ships, a notched post used instead of a ladder; also, a piece of timber that forms a return for a tackle fall.

Mar. Dict.

Sanable

SAN'ABLE, adjective [Latin sanabilis, from sano, to heal; sanus, sound. See Sound.]

That may be healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.

More.

Sanation

SANA'TION, noun [Latin sanatio, from sano, to heal.] The act of healing or curing. [Not used.]

Wiseman.

Sanative

SAN'ATIVE, adjective [Latin sano, to heal.] Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal.

Bacon.

Sanativeness

SAN'ATIVENESS, noun The power of healing.

Sanctificate

SANC'TIFICATE, verb transitive To sanctify. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Sanctification

SANCTIFICA'TION, noun [French from Low Latin sanctificatio, from sanctifico. See Sanctify.]

1. The act of making holy. In an evangelical sense, the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to a supreme love to God.

God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation, through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thessalonians 2:1 Peter 1.

2. The act of consecrating or of setting apart for a sacred purpose; consecration.

Stilling fleet.

Sanctified

SANC'TIFIED, participle passive Made holy; consecrated; set apart for sacred services.

2. Affectedly holy.

Hume.

Sanctifier

SANC'TIFIER, noun He that sanctifies or makes holy. In theology, the Holy Spirit is, by way of eminence, denominated the Sanctifier.

Sanctify

SANC'TIFY, verb transitive [French sanctifier; Italian santificare; Spanish santificar; Low Latin sanctifico; from sanctus, holy, and facio, to make.]

1. In a general sense, to cleanse, purify or make holy.

Addison.

2. To separate, set apart or appoint to a holy, sacred or religious use.

God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Genesis 2.

So under the Jewish dispensation, to sanctify the altar, the temple, the priests, &c.

3. To purify; to prepare for divine service, and for partaking of holy things. Exodus 19.

4. To separate, ordain and appoint to the work of redemption and the government of the church. John 10.

5. To cleanse from corruption; to purify from sin; to make holy by detaching the affections from the world and its defilements, and exalting them to a supreme love to God.

Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth. John 17. Ephesians 5.

6. To make the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety.

Those judgments of God are the more welcome, as a means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me, as to make me repent of that unjust act.

K. Charles.

7. To make free from guilt.

That holy man, amaz'd at what he saw,

Made haste to sanctify the bliss by law.

Dryden.

8. To secure from violation.

Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line.

Pope.

To sanctify God, to praise and celebrate him as a holy being; to acknowledge and honor his holy majesty, and to reverence his character and laws. Isaiah 8.

God sanctifies himself or his name, by vindicating his honor from the reproaches of the wicked, and manifesting his glory. Ezekiel 36.

Sanctifying

SANC'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Making holy; purifying from the defilements of sin; separating to a holy use.

2. adjective Tending to sanctify; adapted to increase holiness.

Sanctimonious

SANCTIMO'NIOUS, adjective [Latin sanctimonia, from sanctus, holy.]

Saintly; having the appearance of sanctity; as a sanctimonious pretense.

L'Estrange.

Sanctimoniously

SANCTIMO'NIOUSLY, adverb With sanctimony.

Sanctimoniousness

SANCTIMO'NIOUSNESS, noun State of being sanctimonious; sanctity, or the appearance of it; devoutness.

Sanctimony

SANC'TIMONY, noun [Latin sanctimonia.] Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity, or the appearance of it. [Little used.]

Shak. Raleigh.

Sanction

SANC'TION, noun [French from Latin sanctio, from sanctus, holy, solemn, established.]

1. Ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body. A treaty is not valid without the sanction of the president and senate.

2. Authority; confirmation derived from testimony, character, influence or custom.

The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their testimony.

Watts.

3. A law or decree. [Improper.]

Denham.

Sanction

SANC'TION, verb transitive To ratify; to confirm; to give validity or authority to.

Burke.

Sanctioned

SANC'TIONED, participle passive Ratified; confirmed; authorized.

Sanctioning

SANC'TIONING, participle of the present tense Ratifying; authorizing.

Sanctitude

SANC'TITUDE, noun [Latin sanctus, sanctitudo.] Holiness; sacredness.

Milton.

Sanctity

SANC'TITY, noun [Latin sanctitas.] Holiness; state of being sacred or holy. God attributes no sanctity to place.

Milton.

2. Goodness; purity; godliness; as the sanctity of love; sanctity of manners.

Shak. Addison.

3. Sacredness; solemnity; as the sanctity of an oath.

4. A saint or holy being.

About him all the sanctities of heav'nÃ‚--[Unusual.]

Milton.

Sanctuarize

SANC'TUARIZE, verb transitive [from sanctuary.] To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [A bad word and not used.]

Shak.

Sanctuary

SANC'TUARY, noun [French sanctuaire; Italian Spanish santuario; Latin sanctuarium, from sanctus, sacred.]

1. A sacred place; particularly among the Israelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and that only once a year to intercede for the people. The same name was given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle. Leviticus 4. Hebrews 9.

2. The temple at Jerusalem. 2 Chronicles 20.

3. A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed. Psalm 73.

Hence sanctuary is used for a church.

4. In catholic churches, that part of a church where the altar is placed, encompassed with a ballustrade.

Encyc.

5. A place of protection; a sacred asylum. Hence a sanctuary-man is one that resorts to a sanctuary for protection.

Bacon. Shak.

6. Shelter; protection.

Some relics of painting took sanctuary under ground.

Dryden.

Sand

SAND, noun [Saxon German Swedish Danish sand; Dutch zand.]

1. Any mass or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to powder or dust.

That finer matter called sand, is no other than very small pebbles.

Woodward.

2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; as the Lybian sands.

Milton.

Sand

SAND, verb transitive To sprinkle with sand. It is customary among the common people in America, to sand their floors with white sand.

2. To drive upon the sand.

Burton.

Sandal

SAN'DAL, noun [French sandale; Italian sandalo; Spanish sandalia; Latin sandalium; Greek. Qu. Syriac san, to shoe. Class Sn. No. 9.]

1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fastened to the foot. The Greek and Roman ladies wore sandals made of a rich stuff, ornamented with gold or silver.

Pope. Encyc.

2. A shoe or slipper worn by the pope and other Romish prelates when they officiate. A like sandal is worn by several congregations of monks.

Encyc.

Sandal

SAN'DAL, or SAN'DAL-WOOD, or SAN'DERS, noun [Arabic; Pers. jondul.]

A kind of wood which grows in the East Indies and on some of the isles of the Pacific. It is of three kinds, the white, the yellow, and the red. The tree which produces the two former is of the genus Santalum. It grows to the size of a walnut tree. Its wood has a bitter taste and an aromatic smell. The oriental nations burn it in their houses for the sake of its fragrant odor, and with the powder of it a paste is prepared, with which they anoint their bodies. The white and the yellow sandal-wood are different parts of the same tree; the white is the wood next to the bark; the yellow is the inner part of the tree. The red sandal-wood is obtained from a different tree, the Pterocarpus santolinus. It is of a dull red color, has little taste or smell, and is principally used as a coloring drug.

Encyc. Parr.

Sandarac

SAN'DARAC, or SAN'DARACH, noun [Latin sandaraca; Arabic sandros.]

1. A resin in white tears, more transparent than those of mastic; obtained from the juniper tree, in which it occupies the place between the bark and the wood. It is used in powder to prevent ink from sinking or spreading. This is the substance denoted by the Arabic word, and it is also called varnish, as it enters into the preparations of varnish. For distinction, this is called gum sandarac or sandaric.

Fourcroy.

The sandarach is obtained from the Thuya articulata, (Thomson;) from the Juniperus cedrus, (Parr.)

2. A native fossil; also, a combination of arsenic and sulphur; orpinent.

Nicholson. Encyc.

Sand-Bag

SAND'-BAG, noun A bag filled with sand; used in fortification.

Sand-Bath

SAND'-BATH, noun A bath made by warm sand, with which something is enveloped.

Sand-Blind

SAND'-BLIND, adjective Having a defect of sight, by means of which small particles appear to fly before the eyes.

Shak.

Sand-Box

SAND'-BOX, noun A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand.

2. A tree or plant of the genus Hura. It is said that the pericarp of the fruit will burst in the heat of the day with a loud report, and throw the seeds to a distance.

Fam. of Plants. Miller.

Sanded

SAND'ED, participle passive Sprinkled with sand; as a sanded floor.

2. adjective Covered with sand; barren.

Mortimer.

3. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound.

Shak.

4. Short sighted.

Shak.

Sand-Eel

SAND'-EEL, noun The ammodyte, a fish that resembles an eel. It seldom exceeds a foot in length; its head is compressed, the upper jaw larger than the under one, the body cylindrical, with scales hardly perceptible. There is one species only, a native of Europe. It coils with its head in the center, and penetrates into the sand; whence its name in Greek and English. It is delicate food.

Encyc.

Sanderling

SAND'ERLING, noun A bird of the plover kind.

Carew.

Sanders

SANDERS. [See Sandal.]

Sandever

SAN'DEVER, or SAN'DIVER, noun [French sain de verre, or saint de verre, dross or recrement of glass.]

Glass-gall; a whitish salt which is cast up from the materials of glass in fusion, and floating on the top, is skimmed off. A similar substance is thrown out in eruptions of volcanoes. It is used by gilders of iron, and in the fusion of certain ores. It is said to be good for cleansing the skin, and taken internally, is detergent.

Encyc.

Sand-Flood

SAND'-FLOOD, noun A vast body of sand moving or borne along the deserts of Arabia.

Bruce.

Sand-Heat

SAND'-HEAT, noun The heat of warm sand in chimical operations.

Sandiness

SAND'INESS, noun [from sandy.] The state of being sandy; as the sandiness of a road.

2. The state of being of a sandy color.

Sandish

SAND'ISH, adjective [from sand.] Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact.

Evelyn.

Sandix

SAND'IX, noun A kind of minium or red lead, made of ceruse, but inferior to the true minium.

Encyc.

Sandpiper

SAND'PIPER, noun A bird of the genus Tringa.

Sandstone

SAND'STONE, noun [sand and stone.] Sandstone is, in most cases, composed chiefly of grains of quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous, or even silicious. The texture of some kinds is loose, of others close; the fracture is granular or earthy.

Cleaveland.

Sandstones usually consist of the materials of older rocks, as granite, broken up and comminuted, and afterwards deposited again.

Dutch Olmsted.

Sand-Wort

SAND'-WORT, noun A plant.

Sandy

SAND'Y, adjective [Saxon sandig.] Abounding with sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as a sandy desert or plain; a sandy road or soil.

2. Consisting of sand; not firm or solid; as a sandy foundation.

3. Of the color of sand; of a yellowish red color; as sandy hair.

Sane

SANE, adjective [Latin sanus, sound; Dutch gezond; German gesund. This is the sound, Saxon sund. See Sound.]

1. Sound; not disordered or shattered; healthy; as a sane body.

2. Sound; not disordered; having the regular exercise of reason and other faculties of the mind; as a sane person; a person of a sane mind.

Sang

SANG, pret. of sing.

Sang Froid

SANG FROID, noun [French cold blood.] Coolness; freedom from agitation or excitement of mind.

2. Indifference.

Sangiac

SAN'GIAC, noun A Turkish governor of a province.

Sanguiferous

SANGUIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin sanguifer; sanguis, blood, and fero, to carry.]

Conveying blood. The sanguiferous vessels are the arteries and veins.

Sanguification

SANGUIFICA'TION, noun [French from Latin sanguis, blood, and facio, to make.]

In the animal economy, the production of blood; the conversion of chyle into blood.

Arbuthnot.

Sanguifier

SAN'GUIFIER, noun A producer of blood.

Floyer.

Sanguifluous

SANGUIF'LUOUS, adjective [Latin sanguis, blood, and fluo, to flow.] Floating or running with blood.

Sanguify

SAN'GUIFY, verb intransitive To produce blood.

Hale.

Sanguifying

SAN'GUIFYING, participle of the present tense Producing blood.

Sanguinary

SAN'GUINARY, adjective [French sanguinaire; Latin sanguinarius, from sanguis, blood.]

1. Bloody; attended with much bloodshed; murderous; as a sanguinary war, contest or battle.

2. Blood thirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.

PassionÃ‚--makes us brutal and sanguinary.

Broome.

Sanguinary

SAN'GUINARY, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Sanguine

SAN'GUINE, or SAN'GUIN, adjective [French sanguin; Latin sanguineus, from sanguis, blood.]

1. Red; having the color of blood; as a sanguine color or countenance.

Dryden. Milton.

2. Abounding with blood; plethoric; as a sanguine habit of body.

3. Warm; ardent; as a sanguine temper.

4. Confident. He is sanguine in his expectations of success.

Sanguine

SAN'GUINE, noun Blood color. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sanguine

SAN'GUINE, verb transitive To stain with blood. [But ensanguine is generally used.]

2. To stain or varnish with a blood color.

Sanguineless

SAN'GUINELESS, adjective Destitute of blood: pale. [A bad word and little used.]

Sanguinely

SAN'GUINELY, adverb Ardently; with confidence of success.

Chesterfield.

Sanguineness

SAN'GUINENESS, noun Redness; color of blood in the skin; as sanguineness of countenance.

2. Fullness of blood; plethory; as sanguineness of habit.

3. Ardor; heat of temper; confidence.

Decay of Piety.

Sanguineous

SANGUIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin sanguineus.]

1. Abounding with blood; plethoric.

Arbuthnot.

2. Constituting blood.

Brown.

Sanguinity

SANGUIN'ITY, for sanguineness, is not in use.

Swift.

Sanguisuge

SAN'GUISUGE, noun [Latin sanguisuga; sanguis, blood, and sugo, to suck.]

The blood-sucker; a leech, or horse leech.

Encyc.

Sanhedrim

SAN'HEDRIM, noun [Low Latin synedrium; Greek; with, together, and, seat.]

The great council of seventy elders among the Jews, whose jurisdiction extended to all important affairs. They received appeals from inferior tribunals, and had power of life and death.

Encyc.

Sanicle

SAN'ICLE, noun [from Latin sano, to heal.] Self-heal, a plant or genus of plants, the Sanicula; also, a plant of the genus Saxifraga. The American bastard sanicle is of the genus Mitella, and the bear's ear sanicle of the genus Cortusa.

Fam. of Plants.

Sanidium

SANID'IUM, noun A genus of fossils of the class of selenites, composed of plain flat plates.

Encyc.

Sanies

SA'NIES, noun [Latin] A thin acrid discharge from wounds or sores; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus.

Coxe. Encyc.

Sanious

SA'NIOUS, adjective [from sanies.] Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin; serous; as the sanious matter of an ulcer.

2. Running a thin serous matter; as a sanious ulcer.

Wiseman.

Sanity

SAN'ITY, noun [Latin sanitas. See Sane.]

Soundness; particularly, a sound state of mind; the state of a mind in the perfect exercise of reason.

Shak.

Sank

SANK, pret. of sink, but nearly obsolete.

Sannah

SAN'NAH, noun The name of certain kinds of India muslins.

Sans

SANS, prep. [French] Without.

Shak.

Sanscrit

SAN'SCRIT, noun [According to H. T. Colebrooke, Sanscrit signifies the polished dialect. It is sometimes written Shanscrit, and in other ways. Asiat. Res. 7,200.]

The ancient language of Hindoostan, from which are formed all the modern languages or dialects of the great peninsula of India. It is the language of the Bramins, and in this are written the ancient books of the country; but it is now obsolete. It is from the same stock as the ancient Persic, Greek and Latin, and all the present languages of Europe.

Santer

SANTER. [See Saunter.]

Santon

SANT'ON, noun A Turkish priest; a kind of dervis, regarded by the vulgar as a saint.

Herbert.

Sap

SAP, noun [Saxon soep; Dutch zap; German saft; Swedish saft, safve; Danish saft, soeve; French seve; Armoric sabr; probably from softness or flowing. Qu. Pers. zabah, a flowing.]

1. The juice of plants of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and the bark. From the sap of a species of maple, is made sugar of a good quality by evaporation.

2. The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part of the wood, next to the bark. [A sense in general use in New England.]

Sap

SAP, verb transitive [French saper; Italian zappare; Armoric sappa; Italian zappa, a spade; zappone, a mattoc. The primary sense is probably to dig or to thrust.]

1. To undermine; to subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine.

Their dwellings were sapp'd by floods.

Dryden.

2. To undermine; to subvert by removing the foundation of. Discontent saps the foundation of happiness. Intrigue and corruption sap the constitution of a free government.

Sap

SAP, verb intransitive To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining.

Both assaults are carried on by sapping.

Tatler.

Sap

SAP, noun In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an approach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover. The single sap has only a single parapet; the double has one on each side, and the flying is made with gabions, &c. In all saps, traverses are left to cover the men.

Encyc.

Sapajo

SAP'AJO, noun The sapajos form a division of the genus Simia, including such of the monkeys of America as have prehensile tails.

Encyc.

Sap-Color

SAP'-COLOR, noun An expressed vegetable juice inspissated by slow evaporation, for the use of painters, as sap-green, &c.

Parke.

Sapid

SAP'ID, adjective [Latin sapidus, from sapio, to taste.]

Tasteful; tastable; having the power of affecting the organs of taste; as sapid water.

Brown. Arbuthnot.

Sapidity

SAPID'ITY, or SAP'IDNESS, noun Taste; tastefulness; savor; the quality of affecting the organs of taste; as the sapidness of water or fruit.

Boyle.

Sapience

SA'PIENCE, noun [French from Latin sapientia, from sapio, to taste, to know.]

Wisdom; sageness; knowledge.

Ã‚--Still has gratitude and sapience

To spare the folks that give him ha' pence.

Swift.

Sapient

SA'PIENT, adjective Wise; sage; discerning.

There the sapient king held dalliance.

Milton.

Sapiential

SAPIEN'TIAL, adjective Affording wisdom or instructions for wisdom. [Not much used.]

Bp. Richardson.

Sapless

SAP'LESS, adjective [from sap.] Destitute of sap; as a sapless tree or branch.

Swift. Shak.

2. Dry; old; husky; as a sapless usurer.

Dryden.

Sapling

SAP'LING, noun [from sap.] A young tree.

Nurse the saplings tall.

Milton.

Saponaceous

SAPONA'CEOUS, adjective [from Latin sapo, soap.] Soapy; resembling soap; having the qualities of soap. Saponaceous bodies are often formed by oil and alkali.

Saponary

SAP'ONARY, adjective Saponaceous.

Saponification

SAPONIFICA'TION, noun Conversion into soap.

Saponify

SAPON'IFY, verb transitive [Latin sapo, soap, and facio, to make.]

To convert into soap by combination with an alkali.

Ure.

Saponule

SAP'ONULE, noun A combination of volatile or essential oil with some base.

Sapor

SA'POR, noun [Latin] Taste; savor; relish; the power of affecting the organs of taste.

There is some sapor in all aliments.

Brown.

Saporific

SAPORIF'IC, adjective [French saporifique; from Latin sapor and facio, to make.]

Having the power to produce taste; producing taste.

Bailey. Johnson.

Saporosity

SAPOROS'ITY, noun The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.

Saporous

SA'POROUS, adjective Having taste; yielding some kind of taste.

Bailey.

Sapota

SAPO'TA, noun In botany, a tree or plant of the genus Achras.

Sappadillo-Tree

SAPPADIL'LO-TREE, or SAPADIL'LO-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Sloanea.

Fam. of Plants. Lee.

Sappare

SAP'PARE, noun A mineral or species of earth, the kyanite; called by HaÃƒ-¼y, disthene.

Ure.

Sapped

SAP'PED, participle passive Undermined; subverted.

Sapper

SAP'PER, noun One who saps. In an army, sappers and miners are employed in working at saps, to protect soldiers in their approach to a besieged place, or to undermine the works.

Sapphic

SAPPHIC, a. saf'ic. Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poetess; as Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse. The Sapphic verse consists of eleven syllables in five feet, of which the first, fourth and fifth are trochees, the second a spondee, and the third a dactyl, in the first three lines of each stanza, with a fourth consisting only of a dactyl and a spondee.

Sapphire

SAP'PHIRE, noun [Latin sapphirus; Greek; from the Arabic safara, to scrape, to shine, to be fair, open, beautiful; Chaldee Syriac Samaritan to scrape, to shave.]

A species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties. In hardness it is inferior to the diamond only. Its colors are blue, red, violet, yellow, green, white, or limpid, and one variety is chatoyant, and another asteriated or radiated.

Cleaveland.

Sapphire is a subspecies of rhomboidal corundum.

Ure. Jameson.

The oriental ruby and topaz are sapphires.

Ure.

Sapphire is employed in jewelry and the arts.

Sapphirine

SAP'PHIRINE, adjective Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the qualities of sapphire.

Boyle.

Sappiness

SAP'PINESS, noun [from sappy.] The state or quality of being full of sap; succulence; juiciness.

Sappy

SAP'PY, adjective [Saxon soepig.] Abounding with sap; juicy; succulent.

Mortimer.

2. Young; not firm; weak.

When he had passed this weak and sappy ageÃ‚--

Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect.

Sappy

SAP'PY, adjective [Qu. Greek, to putrefy.] Musty; tainted. [Not in use.]

Saraband

SAR'ABAND, noun [Spanish zarabanda; Portugese Italian sarabanda; French sarabande.]

A dance and a tune used in Spain, said to be derived from the Saracens.

Spanish Dict. Encyc.

Saracenic

SARACEN'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Saracens, inhabitants of Arabia; so called from sara, a desert.

2. Denoting the architecture of the Saracens, the modern Gothic.

Johnson.

Saragoy

SAR'AGOY, noun The opossum of the Molucca isles.

Sarcasm

S`ARCASM, noun [Latin sarcasmus; Greek, from, to deride or sneer at, primarily to flay or pluck off the skin.]

A keen reproachful expression; a satirical remark or expression, uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe. Of this we have an example in the remark of the Jews respecting Christ, on the cross, ``He saved others, himself he cannot save.'

Sarcastic

SARCAS'TIC, or SARCAS'TICAL, adjective Bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.

What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world!

South.

Sarcastically

SARCAS'TICALLY, adverb In a sarcastic manner; with scornful satire.

South.

Sarcenet

S`ARCENET, noun [Qu. saracenicum or saracen, silk.] A species of fine thin woven silk.

Dryden.

Sarcocele

S`ARCOCELE, noun [Greek, flesh, and, tumor.]

A spurious rupture or hernia, in which the testicle is swelled or indurated, like a scirrhus, or enlarged by a fleshy excrescence much beyond its natural size.

Encyc.

Sarcocol

S`ARCOCOL, or S`ARCOCOL'LA, noun [Greek compounded of, flesh, and, glue.]

A semi-transparent solid substance, imported from Arabia and Persia in grains of a light yellow or red color. It is sometimes called a gum resin, as it partakes of the qualities of both gum and resin. It has its name from its use in healing wounds and ulcers.

Encyc.

Sarcolite

S`ARCOLITE, noun [flesh-stone.] A substance of a vitreous nature, and of a rose flesh color, found near Vesuvius. The French call it hydrolite, water stone.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sarcolite is a variety of analcime.

Ure.

Sarcological

SARCOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to sarcology.

Sarcology

SARCOL'OGY, noun [Greek, flesh, and, discourse.]

That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body, as the muscles, fat, intestines, vessels, &c.

Encyc.

Sarcoma

SARCO'MA, noun [Greek from, flesh.] Any fleshy excrescence on an animal body.

Encyc.

Sarcophagous

SARCOPH'AGOUS, adjective [See Sarcophagus.] Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating.

Dict.

Sarcophagus

SARCOPH'AGUS, noun [Latin from Greek; flesh, and, to eat.]

1. A species of stone used among the Greeks in their sculptures, which was so called because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it within a few weeks. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, and said to be found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Hence,

2. A stone coffin or grave in which the ancients deposited bodies which they chose not to burn.

Encyc.

Sarcophagy

SARCOPH'AGY, noun [supra.] The practice of eating flesh.

Brown.

Sarcotic

SARCOT'IC, adjective [Greek, flesh.] In surgery, producing or generating flesh.

Sarcotic

SARCOT'IC, noun A medicine or application which promotes the growth of flesh; an incarnative.

Coxe.

Sardachate

S`ARDACHATE, noun The clouded and spotted agate, of a pale flesh color.

Sardan

S`ARDAN, noun A fish resembling the herring.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sarde

S`ARDE, or S'ARDOIN, noun A mineral, a variety of carnelian, which displays on its surface a rich reddish brown, but when held between the eye and the light, appears of a deep blood red.

Ure.

Sardel

S`ARDEL, or S`ARDINE, or S`ARDIUS, noun [Latin sardius; Greek; from Sardis, in Asia Minor, now Sart.] A precious stone. One of this kind was set in Aaron's breastplate. Exodus 28.

Sardonian

SARDO'NIAN, or SARDON'IC, adjective Sardonian or sardonic laughter, a convulsive involuntary laughter, so called from the herba sardonia, a species of ranunculus, which is said to produce such convulsive motions in the cheeks and lips as are observed during a fit of laughter.

Encyc.

Sardonic

SARDON'IC, adjective Denoting a kind of linen made at Colchis.

Bryant.

Sardonyx

S`ARDONYX, noun [Latin sardonyches, from Greek, from Sardis, a city of Asia Minor, and, a nail; so named, according to Pliny, from the resemblance of its color to the flesh under the nail. Plin. Lib. 37. 6.]

A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to carnelian. Its color is a reddish yellow, or nearly orange. We are informed that the yellow or orange colored agate, with an undulating surface, is now often called sardonyx.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Sargus

S`ARGUS, noun A fish of the Mediterranean, whose body is variegated with brown transverse rings, resembling the variegations of the perch. This is also a name of the gardon.

Dict.

Sark

S`ARK, noun [Saxon syrc.] In Scotland, a shirt.

2. A shark. [Not used.]

Sarlac

S`ARLAC, noun The grunting ox of Tartary.

Sarmatian

SARMA'TIAN, or SARMAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to Sarmatia and its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians and Poles.

Sarmentous

SARMENT'OUS, adjective [Latin sarmentosus, from sarmentum, a twig.]

A sarmentous stem, in botany, is one that is filiform and almost naked, or having only leaves in bunches at the joints or knots, where it strikes root.

Martyn.

Saronic

SARON'IC, adjective Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica and Sparta.

D'Anville.

Sarplar

S`ARPLAR, noun A sarplar of wool is a sack containing 80 tod; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each.

Encyc.

Sarplier

S`ARPLIER, noun [French serpilliÃƒ-¨re.] Canvas, or a packing cloth.

Bailey.

Sarasin

SAR'ASIN, or SAR'RASINE, noun A plant, a kind of birth wort.

Bailey.

2. A portcullis or herse.

Sarsa

S`ARSA, or S`ARSAPARIL'LA, noun A plant, a species of Smilax, valued in medicine for its mucilaginous and farinaceous or demulcent qualities.

Encyc.

Sarse

S`ARSE, noun [Qu. sarcenet, or French sas.] A fine sieve; usually written searce or searse. [Little used.]

Sarse

S`ARSE, verb transitive [from the noun.] To sift through a sarse. [Little used.]

Sart

S`ART, noun A piece of woodland turned into arable. [Not used in America.]

Bailey.

Sash

SASH, noun [an Arabic word signifying a band.]

1. A belt worn for ornament. Sashes are worn by military officers as badges of distinction, round the waist or over the shoulders. They are usually of silk, variously made and ornamented.

2. The frame of a window in which the lights or panes of glass are set.

She ventures now to lift the sash.

Swift.

Sashoon

SASH'OON, noun A kind of lether stuffing put into a boot for the wearer's ease.

Ainsworth.

Sassafras

SAS'SAFRAS, noun [Latin saxifraga; saxum, a stone, and frango, to break.]

A tree of the genus Laurus, whose bark has an aromatic smell and taste.

Sasse

SASSE, noun [Dutch sas.] A sluice, canal or lock on a navigable river; a word found in old British statutes.

Todd.

Sassolin

SAS'SOLIN, or SAS'SOLINE, noun Native boracic acid, found in saline incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of Florence.

Klaproth. Cyc.

Sassorol

SAS'SOROL, or SASSOROL'LA, noun A species of pigeon, called rock pigeon.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sastra

SAS'TRA, noun Among the Hindous, a sacred book; a book containing sacred ordinances. The six great Sastras, in the opinion of the Hindoos, contain all knowledge, human and divine. These are the Veda, Upaveda, Vedanga, Purana, Dherma, and Dersana.

Asiat. Res.

Sat

SAT, pret. of sit.

Satan

SA'TAN, noun [Hebrew an adversary.] The grand adversary of man; the devil or prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels.

Satanic

SATAN'IC, or SATAN'ICAL, adjective Having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal.

Detest the slander which with a satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined.

Dwight.

Satanically

SATAN'ICALLY, adverb With the wicked and malicious spirit of Satan; diabolically.

Hammond.

Satanism

SA'TANISM, noun The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical spirit.

Satanist

SA'TANIST, noun A very wicked person. [Little used.]

Satchel

SATCH'EL, noun [See Sachel.] A little sack or bag.

Sate

SATE, verb transitive [Latin satio; Italian saziare; Portugese Spanish saciar; French rassasier; allied to set. The primary sense is to stuff, to fill, from crowding, driving.]

To satiate; to satisfy appetite; to glut; to feed beyond natural desire.

While the vultures sate

Their maws with full repast.

Philips.

Sated

SA'TED, participle passive Filled; glutted; satiated.

Sateless

SA'TELESS, adjective Insatiable; not capable of being satisfied.

Satellite

SAT'ELLITE, noun [French Italian satellite; Latin satelles. Qu. its alliance to sit or side.]

1. A secondary planet or moon; a small planet revolving round another. In the solar system, eighteen satellites have been discovered. The earth has one, called the moon, Jupiter four, Saturn seven, and Herschel six.

Morse.

2. A follower; an obsequious attendant or dependant.

Satellitious

SATELLI'TIOUS, adjective Consisting of satellites.

Cheyne.

Satiate

SATIATE, verb transitive sa'shate. [Latin satiatus, from satio. See Sate.]

1. To fill; to satisfy appetite or desire; to feed to the full, or to furnish enjoyment to the extent of desire; as, to satiate appetite or sense.

2. To fill to the extent of want; as, to satiate the earth or plants with water.

3. To glut; to fill beyond natural desire.

He may be satiated, but not satisfied.

Norris.

4. To gratify desire to the utmost.

I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be satiated with my blood.

K. Charles.

5. To saturate. [Now unusual. See Saturate.]

Newton.

Satiate

SA'TIATE, adjective Filled to satiety; glutted; followed by with or of. The former is most common; as satiate of applause. [Unusual.]

Pope.

Satiation

SATIA'TION, noun The state of being filled.

Whitaker.

Satiety

SATI'ETY, noun [French satietÃƒ-©; Latin satietas. See Sate.]

Properly, fullness of gratification, either of the appetite or any sensual desire; but it usually implies fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or lothing; state of being glutted.

In all pleasures there is satiety.

Hakewill.

Ã‚--But thy words, with grace divine

Imbu'd, bring to their sweetness no satiety.

Milton.

Satin

SAT'IN, noun [French satin; Welsh sidan, satin or silk; Swedish siden; Portugese Spanish seda; Italian seta; Greek Latin sindon; Chaldee Hebrew; Arabic.]

A species of glossy silk cloth, of a thick, close texture.

Satinet

SATINET', noun A thin species of satin.

2. A particular kind of woolen cloth.

Satin-Flower

SAT'IN-FLOWER, noun A plant of the genus Lunaria.

Satin-Spar

SAT'IN-SPAR, noun A mineral, fibrous limestone.

Ure.

Satire

SAT'IRE, noun [French satire; Spanish Latin satira; so named from sharpness, pungency. See Satyriasis.]

1. A discourse or poem in which wickedness or folly is exposed with severity. It differs from lampoon and pasquinade, in being general rather than personal.

Johnson.

2. Severity of remark. It differs from sarcasm, in not expressing contempt or scorn.

Satiric

SATIR'IC, or SATIR'ICAL, adjective [Latin satiricus; French satirique.] Belonging to satire; conveying satire; as a satiric style.

2. Censorious; severe in language.

Bacon.

Satirically

SATIR'ICALLY, adverb With severity of remark; with invective; with intention to censure.

Satirist

SAT'IRIST, noun One who writes satire.

Wycherly, in his writings, is the sharpest satirist of his time.

Granville.

Satirize

SAT'IRIZE, verb transitive [French satiriser.] To censure with keenness or severity.

It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished virtues.

Swift.

Satirized

SAT'IRIZED, participle passive Severely censured.

Satirizing

SAT'IRIZING, participle of the present tense Censuring with severity.

Satisfaction

SATISFAC'TION, noun [French from Latin satisfactio; Italian soddisfazione. See Satisfy.]

1. That state of the mind which results from the full gratification of desire; repose of mind or contentment with present possession and enjoyment. Sensual pleasure affords no permanent satisfaction.

2. The act of pleasing or gratifying.

The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of its desiresÃ‚--

Locke.

3. Repose of the mind on the certainty of any thing; that state which results from relief from suspense, doubt or uncertainty; conviction.

What satisfaction can you have?

Shak.

4. Gratification; that which pleases.

Exchanging solid quiet to obtain

The windy satisfaction of the brain.

Dryden.

5. That which satisfies; amends; recompense; compensation; indemnification; atonement. Satisfaction for damages, must be an equivalent; but satisfaction in many cases, may consist in concession or apology.

6. Payment; discharge; as, to receive a sum in full satisfaction, of a debt; to enter satisfaction on record.

Satisfactive

SATISFAC'TIVE, adjective Giving satisfaction. [Little used or not at all.]

Brown.

Satisfactorily

SATISFAC'TORILY, adverb In a manner to give satisfaction or content.

2. In a manner to impress conviction or belief. The crime was satisfactorily proved.

Satisfactoriness

SATISFAC'TORINESS, noun The power of satisfying or giving content; as the satisfactoriness of pleasure or enjoyment.

Boyle.

Satisfactory

SATISFAC'TORY, adjective [French satisfactoire; Spanish satisfactorio.]

1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; particularly, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty and enabling it to rest with confidence; as, to give a satisfactory account of any remarkable transaction. A judge seeks for satisfactory evidence of guilt before he condemns.

2. Making amends, indemnification or recompense; causing to cease from claims and to rest content; atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology for an offense.

Ã‚--A most wise and sufficient means of salvation by the satisfactory and meritorious death and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ.

Sanderson.

Satisfied

SAT'ISFIED, participle passive Having the desires fully gratified; made content.

Satisfier

SAT'ISFIER, noun One that gives satisfaction.

Satisfy

SAT'ISFY, verb transitive [Latin satisfacio; satis, enough, and facio, to make; French satisfaire; Italian soddisfare; Spanish satisfacer; German satt, Dutch zat, Danish sat, filled, satisfied.]

1. To gratify wants, wishes or desires to the ?; to supply possession or enjoyment till no more is desired. The demands of hunger may be easily satisfied; but who can satisfy the passion for money or honor?

2. To supply fully what is necessary and demanded by natural laws; as, to satisfy with rain the desolate and waste ground. Job 38.

3. To pay to content; to recompense or indemnify to the full extent of claims; as, to satisfy demands.

He is well paid, that is, well satisfied.

Shak.

4. To appease by punishment; as, to satisfy rigor.

Milton.

5. To free from doubt, suspense or uncertainty; to cause the mind to rest in confidence by ascertaining the truth; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry.

6. To convince. A jury must be satisfied of the guilt of a man, before they can justly condemn him.

The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves most firm, solid and satisfying.

Atterbury.

7. To pay; to discharge; as, to satisfy an execution.

Debts due to the United States are to be first satisfied.

Wirt.

Satisfy

SAT'ISFY, verb intransitive To give content. Earthly good never satisfies.

2. To feed or supply to the full.

3. To make payment. [But the intransitive use of this verb is generally elliptical.]

Satisfying

SAT'ISFYING, participle of the present tense Giving content; feeding or supplying to the full extent of desire; convincing; paying.

Sative

SA'TIVE, adjective [Latin sativus, from sero, satum, to sow.] Sown in gardens.

Evelyn.

Satrap

SAT'RAP, noun In Persia, an admiral; more generally, the governor of a province.

Encyc.

Satrapal

SAT'RAPAL, adjective Pertaining to a satrap or a satrapy.

Mitford.

Satrapess

SAT'RAPESS, noun A female satrap.

Mitford.

Satrapy

SAT'RAPY, noun The government or jurisdiction of a satrap.

D'Anville. Milton.

Saturable

SAT'URABLE, adjective [See Saturate.] That may be saturated; capable of saturation.

Grew.

Saturant

SAT'URANT, adjective [Latin saturans.] Saturating; impregnating to the full.

Saturant

SAT'URANT, noun In medicine, a substance which neutralizes the acid in the stomach; an absorbent.

Coxe.

Saturate

SAT'URATE, verb transitive [Latin saturo, from satur, filled; satio, to feed to the full. See Sate.]

1. To impregnate or unite with, till no more can be received. Thus an acid saturates an alkali, and an alkali saturates an acid, when the solvent can contain no more of the dissolving body.

2. To supply or fill to fullness.

Thomson.

Saturated

SAT'URATED, participle passive Supplied to fullness.

Saturating

SAT'URATING, participle of the present tense Supplying to fullness.

Saturation

SATURA'TION, noun In a general sense, a filling or supply to fullness. In chimistry, the union, combination or impregnation of one body with another by natural attraction, affinity or mixture, till the receiving body can contain no more; or solution continued till the solvent can contain no more. The saturation of an alkali by an acid, is by affinity; the saturation of water by salt, is by solution.

Saturday

SAT'URDAY, noun [Saxon Soeter-doeg; Dutch Saturdag; Saturn's day.]

The last day of the week; the day next preceding the sabbath.

Saturity

SATU'RITY, noun [Latin saturitas. See Saturate.]

Fullness of supply; the state of being saturated. [Little used.]

Saturn

SAT'URN, noun [Latin Saturnus.] In mythology, one of the oldest and principal deities, the son of Coelus and Terra, (heaven and earth,) and the father of Jupiter. He answers to the Greek, Chronus or Time.

2. In astronomy, one of the planets of the solar system, less in magnitude than Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy nine thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun somewhat more than nine hundred millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty nine years and a half.

3. In the old chimistry, an appellation given to lead.

4. In heraldry, the black color in blazoning the arms of sovereign princes.

Saturnalian

SATURNA'LIAN, adjective [from Latin saturnalia, feasts of Saturn.]

1. Pertaining to the festivals celebrated in honor of Saturn, Dec. 16, 17 or 18, in which men indulged in riot without restraint. Hence,

2. Loose; dissolute; sportive.

Burke.

Saturnian

SATURN'IAN, adjective In fabulous history, pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age; hence, golden; happy; distinguished for purity, integrity and simplicity.

Th' Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times.

Pope.

Saturnine

SAT'URNINE, adjective [French saturnien, from Latin Saturnus.]

1. Supposed to be under the influence of Saturn. Hence,

2. Dull; heavy; grave; not readily susceptible of excitement; phlegmatic; as a saturnine person or temper.

Addison.

Saturnist

SAT'URNIST, noun A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament.

Browne.

Saturnite

SAT'URNITE, noun A metallic substance of recent discovery, separated from lead in torrefaction, resembling lead in its color, weight, solubility in acids, &c. but more fusible and brittle; easily scorified and volatilized.

Kirwan. Nicholson. Encyc.

Satyr

SA'TYR, noun [Latin satyrus; Greek, a monkey, a fawn.]

In mythology, a sylvan deity or demi-god, represented as a monster, half man and half goat, having horns on his head, a hairy body, with the feet and tail of a goat. Satyrs are usually found in the train of Bacchus, and have been distinguished for lasciviousness and riot. They have been represented as remarkable for their piercing eyes and keen raillery.

Encyc.

Satyriasis

SATYRI'ASIS, noun [Greek. We observe in this word a connection with satire, in the sense of excitement, pungency.]

Immoderate venereal appetite.

Coxe.

Satyrion

SATYR'ION, noun A plant.

Pope.

Sauce

SAUCE, noun [French sauce or sausse, from Latin salsus, salt, from sal; Armoric saus; Italian Spanish salsa.]

1. A mixture or composition to be eaten with food for improving its relish.

High sauces and rich spices are brought from the Indies.

Baker.

2. In New England, culinary vegetables and roots eaten with flesh. This application of the word falls in nearly with the definition.

Roots, herbs, vine-fruits, and sallad-flowersÃ‚--they dish up various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt.

Beverly, Hist. Virginia.

Sauce consisting of stewed apples, is a great article in some parts of New England; but cranberries make the most delicious sauce.

To serve one the same sauce, is to retaliate one injury with another. [Vulgar.]

Sauce

SAUCE, verb transitive To accompany meat with something to give it a higher relish.

2. To gratify with rich tastes; as, to sauce the palate.

Shak.

3. To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or ironically, with any thing bad.

Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings.

Sidney.

Thou say'st his meat was sauc'd with they upbraidings.

Shak.

4. To treat with bitter, pert or tart language. [Vulgar.]

Sauce-Box

SAUCE-BOX, n. saus'-box. [from saucy.] A saucy impudent fellow.

Spectator.

Sauce-Pan

SAUCE-PAN, n. saus'-pan. A small pan for sauce, or a small skillet with a long handle, in which sauce or small things are boiled.

Swift.

Saucer

SAU'CER, noun [French sauciere or saussiere.] A small pan in which sauce is set on a table.

Bacon.

2. A piece of china or other ware, in which a tea cup or coffee cup is set.

Saucily

SAU'CILY, adverb [from saucy.] Impudently; with impertinent boldness; petulantly.

Addison.

Sauciness

SAU'CINESS, noun Impudence; impertinent boldness; petulance; contempt of superiors.

Bramhalt. Dryden.

Saucisse

SAU'CISSE, or SAU'CISSON, noun [French saucisse, a sausage; from sauce.]

In mining or gunnery, a long pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of lether, filled with powder, and extending from the chamber of the mine to the entrance of the gallery. To preserve the powder from dampness, it is generally placed in a wooden pipe. It serves to communicate fire to mines, caissons, bomb-chests, &c.

Encyc.

Saucy

SAU'CY, adjective [from sauce; Latin salsus, salt or salted. The use of this word leads to the primary sense of salt, which must be shooting forward, penetrating, pungent, for boldness is a shooting forward.]

1. Impudent; bold to excess; rude; transgressing the rules of decornm; treating superiors with contempt. It expresses more than pert; as a saucy boy; a saucy fellow.

2. Expressive of impudence; as a saucy eye; saucy looks.

Saul

SAUL, an old spelling of soul.

Saunders

SAUNDERS, [See Sandal and Sanders.]

Saunter

SAUNTER, v. i. s`anter. To wander about idly; as sauntering from place to place.

Dryden.

2. To loiter; to linger.

This must not run it into a lazy sauntering about ordinary things.

Locke.

Saunterer

S`AUNTERER, noun One that wanders about idly.

Sauntering

S`AUNTERING, participle of the present tense Wandering about lazily or idly; loitering.

Saurian

SAU'RIAN, adjective [Greek, a lizard.] Pertaining to lizards; designating an order of reptiles.

Ed. Encyc.

Sausage

SAUS'AGE, noun [French saucisse; from sauce, Latin salsus.]

The intestine of an animal stuffed with minced meat seasoned.

Saussurite

SAUS'SURITE, noun A mineral so named from Saussure, the discoverer, of a white gray or green color, found at the foot of mount Rosa. It approaches andalusite.

Klaproth. Jameson.

Savable

SA'VABLE, adjective [from save.] Capable of being saved.

Chillingworth.

Savableness

SA'VABLENESS, noun Capability of being saved.

Ibm.

Savage

SAV'AGE, adjective [French sauvage; Armoric savaich; Italian selvaggio; Spanish salvage; from Latin silva, a wood, or silvicola, an inhabitant of a wood, or silvaticus.]

1. Pertaining to the forest; wild; remote from human residence and improvements; uncultivated; as a savage wilderness.

Cornels and savage berries of the wood.

Dryden.

2. Wild; untamed; as savage beasts of prey.

3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as savage life; savage manners.

Raleigh.

What nation since the commencement of the christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized without christianity?

E. Dutch Griffin.

4. Cruel; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as a savage spirit.

Savage

SAV'AGE, noun A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught, uncivilized or without cultivation of mind or manners. The savages of America, when uncorrupted by the vices of civilized men, are remarkable for their hospitality to strangers, and for their truth, fidelity and gratitude to their friends, but implacably cruel and revengeful towards their enemies. From this last trait of the savage character, the word came to signify,

2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.

3. The name of a genus of fierce voracious flies.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Savage

SAV'AGE, verb transitive To make wild, barbarous or cruel. [Not well authorized and little used.]

Thomson.

Savagely

SAV'AGELY, adverb In the manner of a savage; cruelly; inhumanly.

Shak.

Savageness

SAV'AGENESS, noun Wildness; an untamed, uncultivated or uncivilized state; barbarism. Hence,

2. Cruelty; barbarousness.

Wolves and bears, they say,

Casting their savageness aside, have done Like offices of pity.

Shak.

Savagery

SAV'AGERY, noun Wild growth, as of plants.

Shak.

2. Cruelty; barbarity.

Shak.

Savagism

SAV'AGISM, noun The state of rude uncivilized men; the state of men in their native wildness and rudeness.

S. S. Smith. Walsh.

The greater part of modern philosophers have declared for the original savagism of men.

Encyc.

Savanna

SAVAN'NA, noun [In Spanish, sabana is a sheet for a bed, or a large plain covered with snow.]

An extensive open plain or meadow, or a plain destitute of trees.

Locke.

Save

SAVE, verb transitive [French sauver, from Latin salvo, Italian salvare, Spanish salvar. As salve is used in Latin for salutation or wishing health, as hail is in English, I suspect this word to be from the root of heal or hail, the first letter being changed, as in Greek, Welsh halen, salt. See Salt.]

1. To preserve from injury, destruction or evil of any kind; to rescue from danger; as, to save a house from the flames; to save a man from drowning; to save a family from ruin; to save a state from war.

He cried, saying, Lord, save me. Matthew 14. Genesis 45.

2. To preserve from final and everlasting destruction; to rescue from eternal death.

Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. 1 Timothy 1.

3. To deliver; to rescue from the power and pollution of sin.

He shall save his people from their sins. Matthew 1.

4. To hinder from being spent or lost; as, to save the expense of a new garment. Order in all affairs saves time.

5. To prevent. Method in affairs saves much perplexity.

6. To reserve or lay by for preservation.

Now save a nation; and now save a groat.

Pope.

7. To spare; to prevent; to hinder from occurrence.

Will you not speak to save a lady's blush?

Dryden.

Silent and unobserv'd, to save his tears.

Dryden.

8. To salve; as, to save appearances.

Milton.

9. To take or use opportunely, so as not to lose. The ship sailed in time to save the tide.

10. To except; to reserve from a general admission or account.

Israel burned none of them, save Hazor only. Joshua 11.

Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes, save one. 2 Corinthians 11.

[Save is here a verb followed by an object. It is the imperative used without a specific nominative; but it is now less frequently used than except.]

Save

SAVE, verb intransitive To hinder expense.

Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the material.

Bacon.

Saveall

SA'VEALL, noun [save and all.] A small pan inserted in a candlestick to save the ends of candles.

Johnson.

Saved

SA'VED, participle passive Preserved from evil, injury or destruction; kept frugally; prevented; spared; taken in time.

Savelin

SA'VELIN, noun A fish of the trout kind, having very small scales and a black back.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Saver

SA'VER, noun One that saves, preserves or rescues from evil or destruction; as the saver of the country.

Swift.

2. One that escapes loss, but without gain.

Dryden.

3. One that is frugal in expenses; an economist.

Wotton.

Savin

SAV'IN, noun [French savinier; Latin Spanish sabina.] A tree or shrub of the genus Juniperus. The savin of Europe resembles the red cedar of America, and the latter is sometimes called savin.

Bigelow.

Saving

SA'VING, participle of the present tense Preserving from evil or destruction; hindering from waste or loss; sparing; taking or using in time.

2. Excepting.

3. adjective Frugal; not lavish; avoiding unnecessary expenses; economical; parsimonious. But it implies less rigorous economy than parsimonious; as a saving husbandman or housekeeper.

4. That saves in returns or receipts the principal or sum employed or expended; that incurs no loss, though not gainful; as a saving bargain. The ship has made a saving voyage.

5. That secures everlasting salvation; as saving grace.

Saving

SA'VING, noun Something kept from being expended or lost.

By reducing the interest of the debt, the nation makes a saving.

2. Exception; reservation.

Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty.

L'Estrange.

Savingly

SA'VINGLY, adverb With frugality or parsimony.

2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death; as savingly converted.

Savingness

SA'VINGNESS, noun Frugality; parsimony, caution not to expend money without necessity or use.

2. Tendency to promote eternal salvation.

Johnson.

Savings-Bank

SA'VINGS-BANK, noun A bank in which the savings or earnings of the poor are deposited and put to interest for their benefit.

Savior

SAVIOR, n. savyur. [French sauveur.] One that saves or preserves; but properly applied only to Jesus Christ, the Redeemer, who has opened the way to everlasting salvation by his obedience and death, and who is therefore called the Savior, by way of distinction, the Savior of men, the Savior of the world. Gen. Washington may be called the saver, but not the savior of his country.

Savor

SA'VOR, noun [French saveur; Latin sapor; Welsh sawyr; Armoric saour; from Latin sapio, to taste.]

1. Taste or odor; something that perceptibly affects the organs of taste and smell; as the savor of an orange or rose; an ill savor; a sweet savor.

I smell sweet savorsÃ‚--

Shak.

In Scripture, it usually denotes smell, scent, odor. Leviticus 26. Ecclesiastes 10.

2. The quality which renders a thing valuable; the quality which renders other bodies agreeable to the taste.

If the salt hath lost its savorÃ‚-- Matthew 5.

3. In Scripture, character; reputation. Exodus 5.

4. Cause; occasion. 2. Corinthians 2.

Sweet savor, in Scripture, denotes that which renders a thing acceptable to God, or his acceptance. Hence, to smell a sweet savor, is to accept the offering or service. Genesis 8.

Savor

SA'VOR, verb intransitive To have a particular smell or taste.

2. To partake of the quality or nature of; or to have the appearance of. The answers savor of a humble spirit; or they savor of pride.

Wotton. Milton.

I have rejected every thing that savors of party.

Addison.

Savor

SA'VOR, verb transitive To like; to taste or smell with pleasure.

Shak.

2. To like; to delight in; to favor. Matthew 16.

Savorily

SA'VORILY, adverb [from savory.] With gust or appetite.

Dryden.

2. With a pleasing relish.

Dryden.

Savoriness

SA'VORINESS, noun Pleasing taste or smell; as the savoriness of a pine apple or a peach.

Savorless

SA'VORLESS, adjective Destitute of smell or taste; insipid.

Hall.

Savorly

SA'VORLY, adjective Well seasoned; of good taste.

Savorly

SA'VORLY, adverb With a pleasing relish.

Barrow.

Savory

SA'VORY, adjective [from savor.] Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste; as a savory odor.

Milton.

Make me savory meat. Genesis 27.

Savory

SA'VORY, noun [French savorÃƒ-©e.] A plant of the genus Satureia.

Savoy

SAVOY', noun A variety of the common cabbage, (Brassica oleracea,) much cultivated for winter use.

Ed. Encyc.

Saw

SAW, pret. of see.

Saw

SAW, noun [Saxon saga; German sÃƒ-¤ge; Dutch zaag; Swedish sÃƒ-¥ga; Danish saug; French scie; Italian sega. See the Verb.]

1. A cutting instrument consisting of a blade or thin plate of iron or steel, with one edge dentated or toothed.

2. A saying; proverb; maxim; decree. Obs. [See Say.]

Shak.

Saw

SAW, verb transitive pret. sawed; pp. sawed or sawn. [German sÃƒ-¤gen; Dutch zaagen; Swedish sÃƒ-¥ga; Danish sauger; Norm. seguar; Italian segare, to saw, cut, reap; Latin seco; French scier; allied to sickle.]

1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or marble.

2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that is, to saw timber into boards or planks.

Saw

SAW, verb intransitive To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.

2. To cut with a saw; as, the mill saws fast or well.

3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smooth.

Saw-Dust

SAW'-DUST, noun Dust or small fragments of wood or stone made by the attrition of a saw.

Mortimer.

Sawed

SAW'ED, participle passive Cut, divided or formed with a saw.

Sawer

SAW'ER, noun One that saws; corrupted into sawyer.

Saw-Fish

SAW'-FISH, noun A fish of the genus Pristis, which has a long beak or snout, with spines growing like teeth on both edges, and four or five spiracles or breathing holes in the sides of the neck.

Encyc.

Saw-Fly

SAW'-FLY, noun A genus of flies, (Tenthredo,) having a serrated sting.

Encyc.

Saw-Pit

SAW'-PIT, noun A pit over which timber is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other above.

Mortimer.

Saw-Wort

SAW'-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Serratula, so named from its serrated leaves.

Saw-Wrest

SAW'-WREST, noun An instrument used to wrest or turn the teeth of saws a little outwards, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the blade.

Sawyer

SAW'YER, noun One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel.

2. In America, a tree which, being undermined by a current of water, and falling into the stream, lies with its branches above water, which are continually raised and depressed by the force of the current, from which circumstance the name is derived. The sawyers in the Mississippi render the navigation dangerous, and frequently sink boats which run against them.

Saxifrage

SAX'IFRAGE, noun [Latin saxifraga; composed of saxum, a stone, and frango, to break.]

A medicine that has the property of breaking or dissolving the stone in the bladder. But in botany, a genus of plants of many species. The burnet saxifrage is of the genus Pimpinella; the golden saxifrage is of the genus Chrysoplenium; the meadow saxifrage is of the genus Peucedanum.

Encyc.

Saxifragous

SAXIF'RAGOUS, adjective Dissolving the stone.

Brown.

Saxon

SAX'ON, noun [Saxon seax, a knife, sword or dagger, a Saxon.]

1. One of the nation or people who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries. The Welsh still call the English Soesons.

2. The language of the Saxons.

Saxon

SAX'ON, adjective Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, or to their language.

Saxonism

SAX'ONISM, noun An idiom of the Saxon language.

Warton.

Saxonist

SAX'ONIST, noun One versed in the Saxon language.

Say

SAY, verb transitive pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed. [Saxon soegan, sacgan; German sagen; Dutch zeggen; Swedish s?ga; Danish siger; Chaldee or to speak or say. The same verb in Arabic, signifies to sink, Gothic sigcan. The sense of the root is to throw or thrust. Class Sg. No. 28. Pers. sachan, a word, speech.]

1. To speak; to utter in words; as, he said nothing; he said many things; he says not a word. Say a good word for me.

It is observable that although this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, yet the uses or applications of these words are different. Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story; but in these phrases, say cannot be used. Yet to say a lesson is good English, though not very elegant. We never use the phrases, to say a sermon or discourse, to say an argument, to say a speech, to say testimony.

A very general use of say is to introduce a relation, narration or recital, either of the speaker himself or of something said or done or to be done by another. Thus Adam said, this is bone of my bone; Noah said, blessed be the Lord God of Shem. If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves. Say to the cities of Judah, behold your God. I cannot say what I should do in a similar case. Say thus precedes a sentence. But it is perhaps impracticable to reduce the peculiar and appropriate uses of say, speak and tell, to general rules. They can be learnt only by observation.

2. To declare. Genesis 37.

3. To utter; to pronounce.

Say now Shibboleth. Judges 12.

4. To utter, as a command.

God said, let there be light. Genesis 1.

5. To utter, as a promise. Luke 23.

6. To utter, as a question or answer. Mark 11.

7. To affirm; to teach. Matthew 17.

8. To confess. Luke 17.

9. To testify. Acts 24.

10. To argue; to alledge by way of argument.

After all that can be said against a thingÃ‚--

Tillotson.

11. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; as, to say a lesson.

12. To pronounce; to recite without singing. Then shall be said or sung as follows.

13. To report; as in the phrases, it is said, they say.

14. To answer; to utter by way of reply; to tell.

Say, Stella, feel you no content,

Reflecting on a life well spent?

Swift.

[NOTE.Ã‚--This verb is not properly intransitive. In the phrase, ``as when we say, Plato is no fool,' the last clause is the object after the verb; that is, ``we say what follows.' If this verb is properly intransitive in any case, it is in the phrase, ``that is to say,' but in such cases, the subsequent clause is the object of the verb, being that which is said, uttered or related.]

Say

SAY, noun [Saxon saga, sagu.] A speech; something said. [In popular use, but not elegant.]

Say

SAY, noun [for assay.] A sample. Obs.

Sidney.

2. Trial by sample. Obs.

Boyle.

Say

SAY, noun [French soie.] A thin silk. Obs.

Say

SAY, or SAYE, noun In commerce, a kind of serge used for linings, shirts, aprons, &c.

Encyc.

Saying

SA'YING, participle of the present tense Uttering in articulate sounds or words; speaking; telling; relating; reciting.

Saying

SA'YING, noun An expression; a sentence uttered; a declaration.

Moses fled at this saying. Acts 7.

Cicero treasured up the sayings of Scaevola.

Middleton.

2. A proverbial expression. Many are the sayings of the wise.

Milton.

Scab

SCAB, noun [Saxon scoeb, sceb; German schabe; Swedish skabb; Danish skab; Latin scabies; Italian scabbia. It seems to be connected with Latin scabo, to rub or scratch, German schaben, to shave, Welsh ysgubaw, to sweep, Latin scaber, rough, Dutch schob, a scale.]

1. An incrusted substance, dry and rough, formed over a sore in healing.

2. The itch or mange in horses; a disease of sheep.

3. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low.]

Shak.

Scabbard

SCAB'BARD, noun The sheath of a sword.

Dryden.

Scabbard

SCAB'BARD, verb transitive To put in a sheath.

Scabbed

SCAB'BED, adjective [from scab.] Abounding with scabs; diseased with seabs.

Bacon.

2. Mean; paltry; vile; worthless.

Dryden.

Scabbedness

SCAB'BEDNESS, noun The state of being scabbed.

Scabbiness

SCAB'BINESS, noun [from scabby.] The quality of being scabby.

Scabby

SCAB'BY, adjective [from scab.] Affected with scabs; full of scabs.

Dryden.

2. Diseased with the scab or mange; mangy.

Swift.

Scabious

SCA'BIOUS, adjective [Latin scabiosus, from scabres, scab.]

Consisting of scabs; rough; itchy; leprous; as scabious eruptions.

Arbuthnot.

Scabious

SCA'BIOUS, noun A plant of the genus Scabiosa.

Scabredity

SCABRED'ITY, noun [Latin scabredo, scabrities.] Roughness; ruggedness. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Scabrous

SCA'BROUS, adjective [Latin scabrosus, scaber, from scabies, scab.]

1. Rough; rugged; having sharp points.

Arbuthnot.

2. Harsh; unmusical.

B. Jonson.

Scabrousness

SCA'BROUSNESS, noun Roughness; rugedness.

Scabwort

SCAB'WORT, noun A plant, a species of Helenium.

Scad

SCAD, noun A fish, the shad, which see.

Carew.

2. A fish of the genus Caranx, (Scomber trachurus, Linne.)

Ed. Encyc.

Scaffold

SCAF'FOLD, noun [French echafaud; Armoric chafod; Irish scafal; Italian scaffale; Dutch schavot; German schafot; Danish skafot; perhaps from the root of shape, as form is used for bench. The last syllable is the Latin fala. In Cornish, skaval is a bench or stool, and this word, schavot, in Dutch, signifies a tailor's bench, as well as a scaffold.]

1. Among builders, an assemblage or structure of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a building to support the workmen.

2. A temporary gallery or stage raised either for shows or spectators.

Milton.

3. A stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal.

Sidney.

Scaffold

SCAF'FOLD, verb transitive To furnish with a scaffold; to sustain; to uphold.

Scaffoldage

SCAF'FOLDAGE, noun A gallery; a hollow floor.

Shak.

Scaffolding

SCAF'FOLDING, noun A frame or structure for support in an elevated place.

2. That which sustains; a frame; as the scaffolding of the body.

Pope.

3. Temporary structure for support.

Prior.

4. Materials for scaffolds.

Scalable

SCA'LABLE, adjective That may be scaled.

Scalade

SCALA'DE, or SCALA'DO, noun [French scalade; Spanish scalado; from Latin scala, a ladder. See Scale.]

A storm or assault on a fortified place, in which the soldiers enter the place by means of ladders. It is written also escalade.

Scalary

SCA'LARY, adjective Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. [Little used.]

Brown.

Scald

SCALD, verb transitive [Italian scaldare; Spanish Portugese escaldar; French echauder, for eschalder; Swedish skolla; Danish skaalder; Irish sgallaim; from the root of Latin caleo, calda, calidus. I suppose the primary sense of caleo is to contract, to draw, to make hard.]

1. To burn or painfully affect and injure by immersion in or contact with a liquor of a boiling heat, or a heat approaching it; as, to scald the hand or foot. We scald the part, when the heat of the liquor applied is so violent as to injure the skin and flesh. Scald is sometimes used to express the effect of the heat of other substances than liquids.

Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.

Cowley.

2. To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a fire, or in water or other liquor; as, to scald meat or milk.

Scald

SCALD, noun [supra.] A burn, or injury to the skin and flesh by hot liquor.

Scald

SCALD, noun [Qu. Saxon scyll, a shell.] Scab; scurf on the head.

Spenser.

Scald

SCALD, adjective Scurvy; paltry; poor; as scald rhymers.

Shak.

Scald

SCALD, noun [Danish skialdrer, to make verses, also a poet. The primary sense is probably to make or to sing. If the latter, we find its affinities in German schallen, Dutch schellen, Swedish skalla.]

Among the ancient Scandinavians, a poet; one whose occupation was to compose poems in honor of distinguished men and their achievments, and to recite and sing them on public occasions. The scalds of Denmark and Sweden answered to the bards of the Britons or Celts.

Mallet.

Scalded

SCALD'ED, participle passive Injured by a hot liquor; exposed to boiling heat.

Scalder

SCALD'ER, noun A scald; a Scandinavian poer.

Scaldhead

SCALD'HEAD, noun [See Scald.] A lothesome affection of the head, in which it is covered with a continuous scab.

Johnson.

Scaldic

SCALD'IC, adjective Pertaining to the scalds or poets of antiquity; composed by scalds.

Warton.

Scalding

SCALD'ING, participle of the present tense Burning or injuring by hot liquor.

2. Exposing to a boiling heat in liquor.

Scalding-Hot

SCALD'ING-HOT, adjective So hot as to scald the skin.

Scale

SCALE, noun [Saxon scale, sceale; Dutch schaal, a scale, a bowl, saucer or dish, and a shell, uniting the Saxon scale and scell; German schale, a scale or balance, a dish, bowl, shell, peel or paring; Danish skal, a shell; skaler, to shell, peel or pare; skiel, a fish scale; Swedish skal, a shell; French ecaille; ecailler, to scale or peel; ecale, a shell; ecaler, to shell; echelle, a scale or ladder; Italian scaglia, the scale of a fish; scala, a ladder; Latin id., Spanish escala. Scale, a shell and a dish, is probably from peeling or paring, that is, separating; but whether a simple or compound word, [es-cal, ex-cal,] I do not know. If the sense is to strip, it coincides with the Greek, to spoil.]

1. The dish of a balance; and hence, the balance itself, or whole instrument; as, to turn the scale.

Long time in even scale

The battle hung.

Milton.

But in general, we use the plural, scales, for the whole instrument.

The scales are turn'd; her kindness weighs no more

Now than my vows.

Waller.

2. The sign of the balance or Libra, in the zodiac.

Creech.

3. The small shell or crust which composes a part of the covering of a fish; and hence, any thin layer or leaf exfoliated or separated; a thin lamin; as scales of iron or of bone.

Sharp.

The scales of fish consist of alternate layers of membrane and phosphate of lime. The scales of serpents are composed of a horny membrane, without the calcarious phosphate.

Ure.

4. A ladder; series of steps; means of ascending. [Latin scala.]

Addison.

5. The act of storming a place by mounting the wall on ladders; an escalade, or sealade.

Milton.

6. A mathematical instrument of wood or metal, on which are marked lines and figures for the purpose of measuring distances, extent or proportions; as a plain scale; a diagonal scale.

7. Regular gradation; a series rising by steps or degrees like those of a ladder. Thus we speak of the scale of being, in which man occupies a higher rank than brutes, and angels a higher rank than man.

8. Any instrument, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of measuring extent or proportions; as a map drawn by a scale of half an inch to a league.

9. In music, a gamut; a diagram; or a series of lines and spaces rising one above another, on which notes are placed; or a scale consists of the regular gradations of sounds. A scale may be limited to an octave, called by the Greeks a tetrachord, or it may extend to the compass of any voice or instrument.

Encyc.

10. Any thing graduated or marked with degrees at equal distances.

Scale

SCALE, verb transitive [Italian scalare, from scala, a ladder.]

1. To climb, as by a ladder; to ascend by steps; and applied to the walls of a fortified place, to mount in assault or storm.

Of have I scal'd the craggy oak.

Spenser.

2. [from scale, a balance.] To measure; to compare; to weigh.

Scaling his present bearing with his past.

Shak.

3. [from scale, the covering of a fish.] To strip or clear of scales; as, to scale a fish.

4. To take off in thin lamins or scales.

5. To pare off a surface.

If all the mountains were scaled, and the earth made evenÃ‚--

Burnet.

6. In the north of England, to spread, as manure or loose substances; also, to disperse; to waste.

7. In gunnery, to clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.

Mar. Dict.

Scale

SCALE, verb intransitive To separate and come off in thin layers or lamins.

The old shells of the lobster scale off.

Bacon.

Scaled

SCA'LED, participle passive Ascended by ladders or steps; cleared of scales; pared; scattered.

2. adjective Having scales like a fish; squamous; as a scaled snake.

Shak.

Scaleless

SCA'LELESS, adjective Destitute of scales.

S. M. Mitchill.

Scalene

SCALE'NE, or SCALE'NOUS, adjective [Greek, oblique, unequal, allied probably to; German schel, schiel, Dutch scheel, squinting; Danish skieler, to squint.]

A scalene triangle, is one whose sides and angles are unequal.

Scalene

SCALE'NE, noun A scalene triangle.

Scaliness

SCA'LINESS, noun [from scaly.] The state of being scaly; roughness.

Scaling

SCA'LING, participle of the present tense Ascending by ladders or steps; storming.

2. Stripping of scales.

3. Peeling; paring.

Scaling-Ladder

SCA'LING-LADDER, noun A ladder made for enabling troops to scale a wall.

Scall

SCALL, noun [See Scald and Scaldhead.]

Scab; scabbiness; leprosy.

It is a dry scall, even a leprosy on the head. Leviticus 13.

Scallion

SCAL'LION, noun [Italian scalogno; Latin ascalonia; French echalote, whence our shalot; so named probably from its coats, shell, scale.]

A plant of the genus Allium; a variety of the common onion, which never forms a bulb at the root.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Scallop

SCAL'LOP, noun [This is from the root of shell, scale; coinciding with scalp, Dutch schulp, a shell.]

1. A shell fish, or rather a genus of shell fish, called pecten. The shell is bivalvular, the hinge toothless, having a small ovated hollow. The great scallop is rugged and imbricated with scales, grows to a large size, and in some countries is taken and barreled for market.

Encyc.

2. A recess or curving of the edge of any thing, like the segment of a circle; written also scollop.

Scallop

SCAL'LOP, verb transitive To mark or cut the edge or border of any thing into segments of circles.

Gray.

Scalp

SCALP, noun [Dutch schelp or schulp, a shell. The German has hirnschale, brain-shell. See Scale. But qu. the Chaldee Syriac Arabic to peel, to bark, and Latin scalpo.]

1. The skin of the top of the head; as a hairless scalp.

Shak.

2. The skin of the top of the head cut or torn off. A scalp among the Indians of America is a trophy of victory.

Scalp

SCALP, verb transitive To deprive of the scalp or integuments of the head.

Sharp.

Scalped

SCALP'ED, participle passive Deprived of the skin of the head.

Scalpel

SCALP'EL, noun [Latin scalpellum, from scalpo, to scrape.]

In surgery, a knife used in anatomical dissections and surgical operations.

Encyc.

Scalper

SCALP'ER, or SCALP'ING-IRON, noun An instrument of surgery, used in scraping foul and carious bones; a raspatory.

Encyc. Parr.

Scalping

SCALP'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving of the skin of the top of the head.

Scaly

SCA'LY, adjective [from scale.] Covered or abounding with scales; rough; as a scaly fish; the scaly crocodile.

Milton.

2. Resembling scales, lamina or layers.

3. In botany, composed of scales lying over each other, as a scaly bulb; having scales scattered over it, as a scaly stem.

Martyn.

Scamble

SCAM'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch schommelen, to stir, to shake.]

1. To stir quick; to be busy; to scramble; to be bold or turbulent.

Shak.

2. To shift awkwardly.

More.

Scamble

SCAM'BLE, verb transitive To mangle; to maul.

Mortimer.

Scambler

SCAM'BLER, noun A bold intruder upon the generosity or hospitality of others.

Steevens.

Scambling

SCAM'BLING, participle of the present tense Stirring; scrambling; intruding.

Scamblingly

SCAM'BLINGLY, adverb With turbulence and noise; with bold intrusiveness.

Scammel

SCAM'MEL, noun A bird.

Scammoniate

SCAMMO'NIATE, adjective [from scammony.] Made with scammony. [Not used.]

Wiseman.

Scammony

SCAM'MONY, noun [Latin scammonia, from the Persian.] A plant of the genus Convolvulus.

2. A gum resin, obtained from the plant of that name, of a blackish gray color, a strong nauseous smell, and a bitter and very acrid taste. The best scammony comes from Aleppo, in light spungy masses, easily friable. That of Smyrna is black, ponderous, and mixed with extraneous matter.

Fourcroy. Encyc.

Scamper

SCAMP'ER, verb intransitive [Dutch schampen, to slip aside; French escamper; Italian scampare, to escape, to save one's self; scampo, safety; campare, to preserve, to fly, to escape; Spanish escampar, to clear out a place.]

To run with speed; to hasten escape.

Addison.

Scampering

SCAMP'ERING, participle of the present tense Running with speed; hastening in flight.

Scan

SCAN, verb transitive [French scander; Spanish escander; Italian scandire, scandere, to climb, to scan. The Italian is the Latin ascendo. See Ascend.]

1. To examine with critical care; to scrutinize.

The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and liable to be scanned and sifted.

Atterbury.

2. To examine a verse by counting the feet; or according to modern usage, to recite or measure verse by distinguishing the feet in pronunciation. Thus in Latin and Greek, a hexameter verse is resolved into six feet by scanning, and the true quantities are determined.

Scandal

SCAN'DAL, noun [French scandale; Italian scandalo; Spanish escandalo; Latin scandalum; Greek; Irish scannail, slander. In Greek, this word signifies a stumbling-block, something against which a person impinges, or which causes him to fall. In Saxon scande, sconde, signifies shame, confusion, dishonor, infamy; Dutch schande, id.; schandaal, reproach, scandal; German schande, shame; schÃƒ-¤nden, to mar, disfigure, spoil, violate; Danish skiender, to abuse, defame, &c.; Sanscrit schiande or ishianda, scandal. In Armoric scandal is a quarrel. The primary sense of the root must be to drive, to thrust, or to strike or cast down.]

1. Offense given by the faults of another.

His lustful orgies he enlarg'd

Even to the hill of scandal.

Milton.

[In this sense, we now generally use offense.]

2. Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure; defamatory speech or report; something uttered which is false and injurious to reputation.

My known virtue is from scandal free.

Dryden.

3. Shame; reproach; disgrace. Such is the perverted state of the human mind that some of the most hainous crimes bring little scandal upon the offender.

Scandal

SCAN'DAL, verb transitive To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce; to blacken character.

I do fawn on men, and hug them hard,

And after scandal them. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To scandalize; to offend. [Not used.]

Bp. Story.

Scandalize

SCAN'DALIZE, verb transitive [Greek; Latin scandalizo; Spanish escandalizar; Italian scandalezzare; French scandaliser.]

1. To offend by some action supposed criminal.

I demand who they are whom we scandalize by using harmless things?

Hooker.

2. To reproach; to disgrace; to defame; as a scandalizing libeler.

Addison.

Scandalized

SCAN'DALIZED, participle passive Offended; defamed; disgraced.

Scandalizing

SCAN'DALIZING, participle of the present tense Giving offense to; disgracing.

Scandalous

SCAN'DALOUS, adjective [Italian scandaloso; Spanish escandaloso; French scandaleux; Swedish sk?ndelig.] Giving offense.

Nothing scandalous or offensive to any.

Hooker.

2. Opprobrious; disgraceful to reputation; that brings shame or infamy; as a scandalous crime or vice. How perverted must be the mind that considers seduction or dueling less scandalous than larceny!

3. Defamatory.

Scandalously

SCAN'DALOUSLY, adverb Shamefully; in a manner to give offense.

His discourse at table was scandalously unbecoming the dignity of his station.

Swift.

2. Censoriously; with a disposition to find fault; as a critic scandalously nice.

Pope.

Scandalousness

SCAN'DALOUSNESS, noun The quality of being scandalous; the quality of giving offense, or of being disgraceful.

Scandalum magnatum, in law, a defamatory speech or writing made or published to the injury of a person of dignity.

Encyc.

Scandent

SCAND'ENT, adjective [Latin scandens, scando, to climb.]

Climbing, either with spiral tendrils for its support, or by adhesive fibers, as a stalk; climbing; performing the office of a tendril, as a petiole.

Smith. Bigelow.

Scanned

SCAN'NED, participle passive Critically sifted or examined; resolved into feet in recital.

Scanning

SCAN'NING, participle of the present tense Critically examining; resolving into feet, as verse.

Scansion

SCAN'SION, noun The act of scanning.

Percy.

Scant

SCANT, verb transitive [Danish skaanet, from skaaner, to spare.]

To limit; to straiten; as, to scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use of necessaries; to scant a garment in cloth.

I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions.

Dryden.

Scant

SCANT, verb intransitive To fail or become less; as, the wind scants.

Scant

SCANT, adjective Not full, large or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; rather less than is wanted for the purpose; as a scant allowance of provisions or water; a scant pattern of cloth for a garment.

2. Sparing; parsimonious; cautiously affording.

Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. [Not in use.]

Shak.

3. Not fair, free or favorable for a ship's course; as a scant wind.

Mar. Dict.

Scant

SCANT, adverb Scarcely; hardly; not quite.

The peopleÃ‚--received of the bankers scant twenty shillings for thirty. [Obsolete or vulgar.]

Camden.

Scantily

SCANT'ILY, adverb [from scanty.] Not fully; not plentifully. The troops were scantily supplied with flour.

2. Sparingly; niggardly; as, to speak scantily of one. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Scantiness

SCANT'INESS, noun Narrowness; want of space or compass; as the scantiness of our heroic verse.

Dryden.

2. Want of amplitude, greatness or abundance; limited extent.

Alexander was much troubled at the scantiness of nature itself.

South.

3. Want of fullness; want of sufficiency; as the scantiness of supplies.

Scantle

SCANT'LE, verb transitive To be deficient; to fail.

Drayton.

Scantle

SCANT'LE, verb intransitive To divide into thin or small pieces; to shiver.

Chesterfield.

Scantlet

SCANT'LET, noun [See Scantling.] A small pattern; a small quantity. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Scantling

SCANT'LING, noun [French echantillon, a pattern; Spanish escantillon; Portugese escantilham.]

1. A pattern; a quantity cut for a particular purpose.

L'Estrange.

2. A small quantity; as a scantling of wit.

Dryden. Locke.

3. A certain proportion or quantity.

Shak.

4. In the United States, timber sawed or cut into pieces of a small size, as for studs, rails, &c. This seems to be allied to the Latin scandula, and it is the sense in which I have ever heard it used in this country.

5. In seamen's language, the dimensions of a piece of timber, with regard to its breadth and thickness.

Mar. Dict.

Scantling

SCANT'LING, adjective Not plentiful; small. [Not in use.]

Taylor.

Scantly

SCANT'LY, adverb Scarcely; hardly. Obs.

Camden.

2. Not fully or sufficiently; narrowly; penuriously; without amplitude.

Dryden.

Scantness

SCANT'NESS, noun [from scant.] Narrowness; smallness; as the scantness of our capacities.

Glanville.

Scanty

SCANT'Y, adjective [from scant, and having the same signification.]

1. Narrow; small; wanting amplitude or extent.

His dominions were very narrow and scanty.

Locke.

Now scantier limits the proud arch confine.

Pope.

2. Poor; not copious or full; not ample; hardly sufficient; as a scanty language; a scanty supply of words; a scanty supply of bread.

3. Sparing; niggardly; parsimonious.

In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too scanty of words.

Watts.

Scapaism

SCAP'AISM, noun [Greek, to dig or make hollow.]

Among the Persians, a barbarous punishment inflicted on criminals by confining them in a hollow tree till they died.

Bailey.

Scape

SCAPE, verb transitive To escape; a contracted word, not now used except in poetry, and with a mark of elision. [See Escape.]

Scape

SCAPE, noun An escape. [See Escape.]

2. Means of escape; evasion.

Donne.

3. Freak; aberration; deviation.

Shak.

4. Loose act of vice or lewdness.

Shak.

[Obsolete in all its senses.]

Scape

SCAPE, noun [Latin scapus; probably allied to scipio, and the Greek, scepter.]

In botany, a stem bearing the fructification without leaves, as in the narcissus and hyacinth.

Martyn.

Scape-Goat

SCA'PE-GOAT, noun [escape and goat.] In the Jewish ritual, a goat which was brought to the door of the tabernacle, where the high priest laid his hands upon him, confessing the sins of the people, and putting them on the head of the goat; after which the goat was sent into the wilderness, bearing the iniquities of the people. Leviticus 16.

Scapeless

SCA'PELESS, adjective [from scape.] In botany, destitute of a scape.

Scapement

SCA'PEMENT, noun The method of communicating the impulse of the wheels to the pendulum of a clock.

Chambers.

Scaphite

SCA'PHITE, noun [Latin scapha.] Fossil remains of the scapha.

Scapolite

SCAP'OLITE, noun [Greek, a rod, and, a stone.]

A mineral which occurs massive, or more commonly in four or eight sided prisms, terminated by four sided pyramids. It takes its name from its long crystals, often marked with deep longitudinal channels, and collected in groups or masses of parallel, diverging or intermingled prisms. It is the radiated, foliated and compact scapolite of Jameson, and the paranthine and Wernerite of HaÃƒ-¼y and Brongniart.

Cleaveland.

Scapula

SCAP'ULA, noun [Latin] The shoulder blade.

Coxe.

Scapular

SCAP'ULAR, adjective [Latin scapularis.] Pertaining to the shoulder, or to the scapula; as the scapular arteries.

Scapular

SCAP'ULAR, noun [supra.] In anatomy, the name of two pairs of arteries, and as many veins.

Encyc.

2. In ornithology, a fether which springs from the shoulder of the wing, and lies along the side of the back.

Encyc.

Scapular

SCAP'ULAR, or SCAP'ULARY, noun A part of the habit of certain religious orders in the Romish church, consisting of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the gown, covering the back and breast, and extending to the feet. This is worn as a badge of peculiar veneration for the virgin Mary.

Encyc.

Scar

SC`AR, noun [French escarre; Armoric scarr or yscar; Italian escara; Greek; Danish skar; probably from the root of shear, share, to cut, Saxon sciran, scearan, whence Danish skaar, a notch.]

1. A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wound or an ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is healed. The soldier is proud of his scars.

2. Any mark or injury; a blemish.

The earth had the beauty of youthÃ‚--and not a wrinkle, scar or fracture on its body.

Burnet.

3. [Latin scarus; Greek.] A fish of the Labrus kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Scar

SC`AR, verb transitive To mark with a scar.

Shak.

Scarab

SCAR'AB, or SCAR'ABEE, noun [Latin scaraboeus, from Greek, Saxon scearn, fimus.]

A beetle; an insect of the genus Scarabaeus, whose wings are cased. [See Beetle.]

Scaramouch

SCAR'AMOUCH, noun [French escarmouche; Italian scaramuccio; Spanish escaramuza, a skirmish.]

A buffoon in motley dress.

Collier.

Scarce

SCARCE, adjective [Italian scarso; Dutch schaarsch. In Armoric scarz is short, and perhaps the word is from the root of shear, to cut. The Spanish equivalent word is escaso, and it is observable that some of our common people pronounce this word scase.]

1. Not plentiful or abundant; being in small quantity in proportion to the demand. We say, water is scarce, wheat, rye, barley is scarce, money is scarce, when the quantity is not fully adequate to the demand.

2. Being few in number and scattered; rare; uncommon. Good horses are scarce.

The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved.

Addison.

Scarce

SCARCE, or SCARCELY, adverb Hardly; scantly.

We scarcely think our miseries our foes.

Shak.

2. Hardly; with difficulty.

Slowly he sails, and scarcely stems the tides.

Dryden.

Scarceness

SCARCENESS, or SCARCITY, noun Smallness of quantity, or smallness in proportion to the wants or demands; deficiency; defect of plenty; penury; as a scarcity of grain; a great scarcity of beauties; a scarcity of lovely women.

Dryden.

Praise, like gold and diamonds, owes its value to its scarcity.

Rambler.

A scarcity of snow would raise a mutiny at Naples.

Addison.

2. Rareness; infrequency.

The value of an advantage is enhanced by its scarceness.

Collier.

Root of scarcity, the mangold-wurzel, a variety of the white beet; German mangold-wurzel, beet root, corrupted into mangel-wurzel; French racine de disette, root of want or scarcity.

Ed. Encyc.

Scare

SCARE, verb transitive [In Welsh esgar is to separate; in Italian scorare is to dishearten, from Latin ex and cor, heart; but qu.]

To fright; to terrify suddenly; to strike with sudden terror.

The noise of thy cross-bow

Will scare the herd, and so my shot is lost.

Shak.

To scare away, to drive away by frightening.

Scarecrow

SCARECROW, noun [scare and crow.] Any frightful thing set up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn fields; hence, any thing terrifying without danger; a vain terror.

A scarecrow set to frighten fools away.

Dryden.

2. A fowl of the sea gull kind; the black gull.

Dict. Nat. Hist. Pennant.

Scared

SCARED, participle passive Frightened; suddenly terrified.

Scarefire

SCAREFIRE, noun A fire breaking out so as to frighten people. [Not used.]

Holder.

Scarf

SC`ARF, noun plu. scarfs. [French echarpe; Italian ciarpa; Saxon scearf, a fragment or piece; from the root of shear.]

Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders; as a piece of cloth.

Put on your hood and scarf.

Swift.

Scarf

SC`ARF, verb transitive To throw loosely on.

Shak.

2. To dress in a loose vesture.

Shak.

Scarf

SC`ARF, verb transitive [Swedish skarfva; Spanish escarpar.]

To join; to piece; to unite two pieces of timber at the ends, by letting the end of one into the end of the other, or by laying the two ends together and fastening a third piece to both.

Mar. Dict.

Scarfskin

SC`ARFSKIN, noun [scarf and skin.] The cuticle; the epidermis; the outer thin integument of the body.

Cheyne.

Scarification

SCARIFICA'TION, noun [Latin scarificatio. See Scarify.]

In surgery, the operation of making several incisions in the skin with a lancet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cupping instrument.

Encyc.

Scarificator

SCARIFICA'TOR, noun An instrument used in scarification.

Scarifier

SCAR'IFIER, noun [from scarify.] The person who scarifies.

2. The instrument used for scarifying.

Scarify

SCAR'IFY, verb transitive [French scarifier; Latin scarifico. Qu. scar, Greek, and Latin facio, to make. But the Greek is, from, a pointed instrument, or a sharp pointed piece of wood.]

To scratch or cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large vein.

Encyc.

Scarifying

SCAR'IFYING, participle of the present tense Making small incisions in the skin with an instrument.

Scarious

SCA'RIOUS, adjective [Low Latin scarrosus, rough.] In botany, tough, thin and semi-transparent, dry and sonorous to the touch; as a perianth.

Martyn.

Scarlatina

SCARLATI'NA, noun The scarlet fever; called in popular language, the canker rash.

Scarlatinous

SCARLAT'INOUS, adjective Of a scarlet color; pertaining to the scarlet fever.

Scarlet

SC`ARLET, noun [French ecarlate; Armoric scarladd; Italian scarlatto; Spanish escarlata; Irish scarloid; Welsh ysgarlad, the effusion of a wound, scarlet, from ysgar, to separate, [See Shear;] Dutch scharlaken; German scharlack; Danish skarlagen. Qu. Chaldee, to color, as a derivative, minimum; Arabic shakara, to be red.]

1. A beautiful bright red color, brighter than crimson.

Encyc.

2. Cloth of a scarlet color.

All her household are clothed with scarlet. Proverbs 31.

Scarlet

SC`ARLET, adjective Of the color called scarlet; of a bright red color; as a scarlet cloth or thread; a scarlet lip.

Shak.

Scarlet-Bean

SC`ARLET-BEAN, noun A plant; a red bean.

Mortimer.

Scarlet-Fever

SC`ARLET-FE'VER, noun [scarlatina.] A disease in which the body is covered with an efflorescence or red color, first appearing about the neck and breast, and accompanied with a sore throat.

Scarlet-Oak

SC`ARLET-OAK, noun A species of oak, the Quercus coccifera, or kermes oak, producing small glandular excrescences, called kermes or scarlet grain.

Encyc.

Scarmage

SC`ARMAGE, or SC`ARMOGE, peculiar modes of spelling skirmish. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Scarn

SC`ARN, noun [Saxon scearn.] Dung. [Not in use or local.]

Ray.

Scarn-Bee

SC`ARN-BEE, noun A beetle. [Not in use or local.]

Ray.

Scarp

SC`ARP, noun [French escarpe; Italian scarpa, a scarp, a shoe, a slope; Spanish escarpa.]

In fortification, the interior talus or slope of the ditch next the place, at the foot of the rampart.

Encyc.

Scarp

SC`ARP, noun In heraldry, the scarf which military commanders wear for ornament; borne somewhat like a battoon sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the field.

Encyc.

Scarus

SCA'RUS, noun A fish. [See Scar.]

Scary

SCA'RY, noun Barren land having only a thin coat of grass upon it. [Local.]

Scatch

SCATCH, noun [French escache.] A kind of horsebit for bridles.

Bailey.

Scatches

SCATCH'ES, n. plu. [French echasses.] Stilts to put the feet in for walking in dirty places.

Bailey.

Scate

SCATE, noun [Dutch schaats; Icelandic skid. This word may belong to the root of shoot, and Latin scateo.]

A wooden shoe furnished with a steel plate for sliding on ice.

Scate

SCATE, verb intransitive To slide or move on scates.

Scate

SCATE, noun [Saxon sceadda; Latin squatina, squatus.] A fish, a species of ray.

Scatebrous

SCA'TEBROUS, adjective [Latin scatebra, a spring; scateo, to overflow.] Abounding with springs.

Dict.

Scath

SCATH, verb transitive [Saxon scathian, sceathian, to injure, to damage, to steal; Dutch schaaden; German schaden; Swedish skada; Danish skader.] To damage; to waste; to destroy. [Little used.]

Milton.

Scath

SCATH, noun Damage; injury; waste; harm. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Scathful

SCATH'FUL, adjective Injurious; harmful; destructive. [Little used.]

Shak.

Scathless

SCATH'LESS, adjective Without waste or damage. [Little used.]

Chaucer.

Scatter

SCAT'TER, verb transitive [Saxon scateran, to pour out, to disperse; Latin scateo; Greek, to scatter, to discuss, Latin discutio. This word may be formed on the root of discutio. The primary sense is to drive or throw.]

1. To disperse; to dissipate; to separate or remove things to a distance from each other.

From thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. Genesis 11.

I will scatter you among the heathen. Leviticus 26.

2. To throw loosely about; to sprinkle; as, to scatter seed in sowing.

Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly,

Soft quiet, gentle love and endless joy.

Prior.

3. To spread or set thinly.

Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains,

Their scatter'd cottages, and ample plains.

Dryden.

Scatter

SCAT'TER, verb intransitive To be dispersed or dissipated. The clouds scatter after a storm.

2. To be liberal to the poor; to be charitable. Proverbs 11.

Scattered

SCAT'TERED, participle passive Dispersed; dissipated; thinly spread; sprinkled or thinly spread over.

2. In botany, irregular in position; without any apparent regular order; as scattered branches.

Scatteredly

SCAT'TEREDLY, adverb In a dispersed manner; separately. [Not much used.]

Clarke.

Scattering

SCAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Dispersing; spreading thinly; sprinkling.

2. adjective Not united; divided among many; as scattering votes.

Scatteringly

SCAT'TERINGLY, adverb Loosely; in a dispersed manner; thinly; as habitations scatteringly placed over the country.

Scatterling

SCAT'TERLING, noun A vagabond; one that has no fixed habitation or residence. [Little used.]

Scaturient

SCATU'RIENT, adjective [Latin scaturiens.] Springing, as the water of a fountain. [Not used.]

Dict.

Scaturiginous

SCATURIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin scaturigo.] Abounding with springs. [Not used.]

Dict.

Scaup

SCAUP, noun A fowl of the duck kind.

Encyc.

Scavage

SCAV'AGE, noun [Saxon sceawian, to show.]

In ancient customs, a toll or duty exacted of merchant-strangers by mayors, sherifs, &c. for goods shown or offered for sale within their precincts.

Cowel.

Scavenger

SCAV'ENGER, noun [Saxon scafan, to scrape, to shave, German schaben, Swedish skafva, Danish skaver, Latin scabio.]

A person whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping or sweeping and carrying off the filth.

Scelerat

SCEL'ERAT, noun [French from Latin sceleratus.] A villain; a criminal. [Not in use.]

Cheyne.

Scene

SCENE, noun [French id.; Latin scena; Greek; Hebrew to dwell; Chaldee to subside, to settle; Syriac to come or fall on; Arabic sakana, to be firm, stable, quiet, to set or establish, to quiet or cause to rest. Class Gn. No. 43. 44. The Greek word signifies a teut, hut or cottage. In Latin it is an arbor or stage. The primary sense is to set or throw down.]

1. A stage; the theater or place where dramatic pieces and other shows are exhibited. It does not appear that the ancients changed the scenes in different parts of the play. Indeed the original scene for acting was an open plat of ground, shaded or slightly covered.

Encyc.

2. The whole series of actions and events connected and exhibited; or the whole assemblage of objects displayed at one view. Thus we say, the execution of a malefactor is a melancholy scene. The crucifixion of our Saviour was the most solemn scene ever presented to the view of man.

We say also, a scene of sorrow or of rejoicing, a noble scene, a sylvan scene.

A charming scene of nature is display'd.

Dryden.

3. A part of a play; a division of an act. A play is divided into acts, and acts are divided into scenes.

4. So much of an act of a play as represents what passes between the same persons in the same place.

Dryden.

5. The place represented by the stage. The scene was laid in the king's palace.

6. The curtain or hanging of a theater adapted to the play.

7. The place where any thing is exhibited.

The world is a vast scene of strife.

J. M. Mason.

8. Any remarkable exhibition.

The shepherds, while watching their flocks upon the plains of Bethlehem, were suddenly interrupted by one of the most sublime and surprising scenes which have ever been exhibited on earth.

Welsh B. Sprague.

Scenery

SCE'NERY, noun The appearance of a place, or of the various objects presented to view; or the various objects themselves as seen together. Thus we may say, the scenery of the landscape presented to the view from mount Holyoke, in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, is highly picturesque, and exceeded only by the scenery of Boston and its vicinity, as seen from the State house.

Never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery.

Irving.

2. The representation of the place in which an action is performed.

Pope.

3. The disposition and consecution of the scenes of a play.

Dryden.

4. The paintings representing the scenery of a play.

Scenic

SCEN'IC, or SCEN'ICAL, adjective [Latin scenicus.] Pertaining to scenery; dramatic; theatrical.

Scenographic

SCENOGRAPH'IC, or SCENOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [See Scenography.] Pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective.

Scenographically

SCENOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In perspective.

Mortimer.

Scenography

SCENOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, scene, and, to describe.]

The representation of a body on a perspective plane; or a description of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye.

Encyc.

Scent

SCENT, noun [French senteur, from sentir, Latin sentio, to perceive.]

1. Odor; smell; that substance which issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals; as the scent of an orange or an apple; the scent of musk. The word is applicable to any odor, agreeable or offensive.

2. The power of smelling; the smell; as a hound of nice scent.

3. Chase followed by the scent; course of pursuit; track.

He travelled upon the same scent into Ethiopia.

Temple.

Scent

SCENT, verb transitive To smell; to perceive by the olfactory organs; as, to scent game, as a hound.

2. To perfume; to imbue or fill with odor, good or bad. Aromatic plants scent the room. Some persons scent garments with musk; others scent their snuff.

Scentful

SCENT'FUL, adjective Odorous; yielding much smell.

Drayton.

2. Of quick smell.

Browne.

Scentless

SCENT'LESS, adjective Inodorous; destitute of smell.

Scepter

SCEP'TER, noun [French sceptre; Latin sceptrum; Greek, from, to send or thrust; coinciding with Latin scipio, that is, a shoot or rod.]

1. A staff or batoon borne by kings on solemn occasions, as a badge of authority. Hence,

2. The appropriate ensign of royalty; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crown. Hence,

3. Royal power or authority; as, to assume the scepter.

The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, till Shiloh come. Genesis 49.

4. A constellation.

Scepter

SCEP'TER, verb transitive To invest with royal authority, or with the ensign of authority.

Hall.

Sceptered

SCEP'TERED, adjective Bearing a scepter; as a sceptered prince.

To Britain's queen the scepter'd suppliant bends.

Tiekel.

Gold-scepter'd Juno.

Parnell.

Sceptic

SCEP'TIC, noun [Greek, from, to look about, to consider, to speculate; Saxon sceawian, to look about, to see, also to show. See Show.]

1. One who doubts the truth and reality of any principle or system of principles or doctrines. In philosophy, a Pyrrhonist or follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a sect of sceptical philosophers, who maintained that no certain inferences can be drawn from the reports of the senses, and who therefore doubted of every thing.

Enfield.

2. In theology, a person who doubts the existence and perfections of God, or the truth of revelation; one who disbelieves the divine original of the christian religion.

Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the sophistries of sceptics.

Clarke.

Sceptic

SCEP'TIC, or SCEP'TICAL, adjective Doubting; hesitating to admit the certainty of doctrines or principles; doubting of every thing.

2. Doubting or denying the truth of revelation.

The sceptical system subverts the whole foundation of morals.

Rob. Hall.

Sceptically

SCEP'TICALLY, adverb With doubt; in a doubting manner.

Scepticism

SCEP'TICISM, noun [French scepticisme.] The doctrines and opinions of the Pyrrhonists or sceptical philosophers; universal doubt; the scheme of philosophy which denies the certainty of any knowledge respecting the phenomena of nature.

2. In theology, a doubting of the truth of revelation, or a denial of the divine origin of the christian religion, or of the being, perfections or truth of God.

Irreligious scepticism or atheistic profaneness.

Milner.

Let no despondency or timidity or secret scepticism lead any one to doubt whether this blessed prospect will be realized.

S. Miller.

Scepticize

SCEP'TICIZE, verb intransitive To doubt; to pretend to doubt of every thing. [Little used.]

Shaftesbury.

Schaalstein

SCHAALSTEIN, or SCA'LE-STONE, noun A rare mineral, called also tafelspath and tabular spar, occurring in massess composed of thin lamins collected into large prismatic concretions or hexahedral prisms. Its color is grayish or pearly white, tinged with green, yellow or red.

Cleaveland.

Schedule

SCHED'ULE, noun [Latin schedula, from scheda, a sheet or leaf of paper; Greek, from, to cut or divide; Latin scindo, for scido. The pronunciation ought to follow the analogy of scheme, &c.]

1. A small scroll or piece of paper or parchment, containing some writing.

Hooker.

2. A piece of paper or parchment annexed to a larger writing, as to a will, a deed, a lease, &c.

Encyc.

3. A piece of paper or parchment containing an inventory of goods.

Encyc.

Scheelin

SCHEE'LIN, or SCHE'LIUM, noun A different name of tungsten, a hard brittle metal of a grayish white color, and brilliant.

Dict.

Schematism

SCHE'MATISM, noun [Greek, from. See Scheme.]

1. Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.

2. Particular form or disposition of a thing. [A word not much used.]

Creech.

Schematist

SCHE'MATIST, noun A projector; one given to forming schemes. [Schemer is more generally used.]

Scheme

SCHEME, noun [Latin schema; Greek, from, a contracted word, probably from, to have or hold.]

1. A plan; a combination of things connected and adjusted by design; a system.

We shall never be able to give ourselves a satisfactory account of the divine conduct without forming such a scheme of things as shall take in time and eternity.

Atterbury.

2. A project; a contrivance; a plan of something to be done; a design. Thus we say, to form a scheme, to lay a scheme, to contrive a scheme.

The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes.

Swift.

3. A representation of the aspects of the celestial bodies; any lineal or mathematical diagram.

Brown. Hudibras.

Scheme

SCHEME, verb transitive To plan; to contrive.

Scheme

SCHEME, verb intransitive To form a plan; to contrive.

Schemer

SCHE'MER, noun One that contrives; a projector; a contriver.

Scheming

SCHE'MING, participle of the present tense Planning; contriving. 2. adjective Given to forming schemes; artful.

Schemist

SCHE'MIST, noun A schemer; a projector.

Coventry.

Schene

SCHENE, noun [Latin schoenos; Greek.] An Egyptian measure of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7 1/2 miles.

Herodotus.

Schesis

SCHE'SIS, noun [Greek, from, to have or hold.]

Habitude; general state or disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to other things.

Norris.

Schiller-Spar

SCHILLER-SPAR, noun A mineral containing two subspecies, bronzite and common schiller-spar.

Schism

SCHISM, n. sizm. [Latin schisma; Greek, from, to divide, Latin scindo, Saxon sceadan, Dutch scheien, scheiden, German scheiden, to separate, to part.]

1. In a general sense, division or separation; but appropriately, a division or separation in a church or denomination of christians, occasioned by diversity of opinions; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith.

Ã‚--Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity.

K. Charles.

In Scripture, the word seems to denote a breach of charity, rather than a difference of doctrine.

2. Separation; division among tribes or classes of people.

Schismatic

SCHISMAT'IC, or SCHISMAT'ICAL, a. sizmat'ic, sizmat'ical. Pertaining to schism; implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to schism; as schismatical opinions or proposals.

K. Charles. South.

Schismatic

SCHISMAT'IC, noun One who separates from an established church or religious faith, on account of a diversity of opinions.

Blackstone. Swift.

Schismatically

SCHISMAT'ICALLY, adverb In a schismatical manner; by separation from a church on account of a diversity of opinions.

Schismaticalness

SCHISMAT'ICALNESS, noun The state of being schismatical.

Schismatize

SCHIS'MATIZE, verb intransitive To commit or practice schism; to make a breach of communion in the church.

Johnson.

Schismless

SCHISM'LESS, adjective Free from schism; not affected by schism. [Little used.]

Milton.

Schist

SCHIST. [See Shist.]

Scholar

SCHOL'AR, noun [Low Latin scholaris, from schola, a school; Greek, leisure, a school; French ecolier; Dutch schoolier; German schÃƒ-¼ler; Danish skoleloerd. The Danish word signifies school-learned. See School.]

1. One who learns of a teacher; one who is under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; hence, any member of a college, academy or school; applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of literature.

2. A man of letters.

Locke.

3. Emphatically used, a man eminent for erudition; a person of high attainments in science or literature.

4. One that learns any thing; as an apt scholar in the school of vice.

5. A pedant; a man of books.

Bacon.

[But the word scholar seldom conveys the idea of a pedant.]

Scholarity

SCHOLAR'ITY, noun Scholarship. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Scholar-Like

SCHOL'AR-LIKE, adjective Like a scholar; becoming a scholar.

Bacon.

Scholarship

SCHOL'ARSHIP, noun Learning; attainments in science or literature; as a man of great scholarship.

Pope.

2. Literary education; as any other house of scholarship. [Unusual.]

Milton.

3. Exhibition or maintenance for a scholar; foundation for the support of a student.

Ainsworth.

Scholastic

SCHOLAS'TIC, or SCHOLAS'TICAL, adjective [Latin scholasticus.] Pertaining to a scholar, to a school or to schools; as scholastic manners or pride; scholastic learning.

2. Scholar-like; becoming a scholar; suitable to schools; as scholastic precision.

3. Pedantic; formal.

Scholastic divinity, that species of divinity taught in some schools or colleges, which consists in discussing and settling points by reason and argument. It has now fallen into contempt, except in some universities, where the charters require it to be taught.

Encyc.

Scholastic

SCHOLAS'TIC, noun One who adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools.

Milton.

Scholastically

SCHOLAS'TICALLY, adverb In the manner of schools; according to the niceties or method of the schools.

Scholasticism

SCHOLAS'TICISM, noun The method or subtilties of the schools.

Warton.

The spirit of the old scholasticism, which spurned laborious investigation and slow inductionÃ‚--

J. P. Smith.

Scholiast

SCHO'LIAST, noun [Greek. See Scholium.]

A commentator or annotator; one who writes notes upon the works of another for illustrating his writings.

Dryden.

Scholiaze

SCHO'LIAZE, verb intransitive To write notes on an author's works. [Not used.]

Milton.

Scholical

SCHO'LICAL, adjective Scholastic. [Not in use.]

Hales.

Scholium

SCHO'LIUM, noun plu. scholia or scholiums. [Latin scholion; Greek, from, leisure, lucubration.]

In mathematics, a remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration.

Scholy

SCHO'LY, noun A scholium. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Scholy

SCHO'LY, verb intransitive To write comments. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

School

SCHOOL, noun [Latin schola; Greek, leisure, vacation from business, lucubration at leisure, a place where leisure is enjoyed, a school. The adverb signifies at ease, leisurely, slowly, hardly, with labor or difficulty. In Saxon sceol is a crowd, a multitude, a school [shoal,] as of fishes, and a school for instruction. So also scol, scolu, a school; but the latter sense, I think, must have been derived from the Latin. Dutch school, an academy and a crowd; schoolen, to flock together; German schule, a school for instruction; Dutch skole; Swedish skola; Welsh ysgol; Armoric scol; French ecole; Italian scuola; Spanish escuela; Portugese escola; Sanscrit schala. This word seems originally to have denoted leisure, freedom from business, a time given to sports, games or exercises, and afterwards time given to literary studies. The sense of a crowd, collection or shoal, seems to be derivative.]

1. A place or house in which persons are instructed in arts, science, languages or any species of learning; or the pupils assembled for instruction. In American usage, school more generally denotes the collective body of pupils in any place of instruction, and under the direction and discipline of one or more teachers. Thus we say, a school consists of fifty pupils. The preceptor has a large school, or a small school. His discipline keeps the school well regulated and quiet.

2. The instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or students, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in their studies. Thus we say, the school begins or opens at eight o'clock, that is, the pupils at that hour begin their studies. So we say, the teacher is now in school, the school hours are from nine to twelve, and from two to five.

3. The state of instruction.

Set him betimes to school.

Dryden.

4. A place of education, or collection of pupils, of any kind; as the schools of the prophets. In modern usage, the word school comprehends every place of education, as university, college, academy, common or primary schools, dancing schools, riding schools, &c.; but ordinarily the word is applied to seminaries inferior to universities and colleges.

What is the great community of christians, but one of the innumerable schools in the vast plan, which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences?

Buckminster.

5. Separate denomination or sect; or a system of doctrine taught by particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of christians or philosophers.

Let no man be less confident in his faithÃ‚-- by reason of any difference in the several schools of christiansÃ‚--

Taylor.

Thus we say, the Socratic school, the Platonic school, the Peripatetic or Ionic school; by which we understand all those who adopted and adhered to a particular system of opinions.

6. The seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics and theology, which were formed in the middle ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning; or the learned men who were engaged in discussing nice points in metaphysics or theology.

The supreme authority of Aristotle in the schools of theology as well as of philosophyÃ‚--

Henry.

Hence, school divinity is the divinity which discusses nice points, and proves every thing by argument.

7. Any place of improvement or learning. The world is an excellent school to wise men, but a school of vice to fools.

School

SCHOOL, verb transitive To instruct; to train; to educate.

He's gentle, never school'd, yet learn'd.

Shak.

2. To teach with superiority; to tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove.

School your child,

And ask why God's anointed he revil'd.

Dryden.

School-Boy

SCHOOL'-BOY, noun [See Boy.] A boy belonging to a school, or one who is learning rudiments.

Swift.

School-Dame

SCHOOL'-DAME, noun [See Dame.] The female teacher of a school.

School-Day

SCHOOL'-DAY, noun [See Day.] The age in which youth are sent to school. [Not now used.]

Shak.

School-District

SCHOOL'-DISTRICT, noun A division of a town or city for establishing and conducting schools. [U. States.]

Schoolery

SCHOOL'ERY, noun Something taught; precepts. [Not used.]

Spenser.

School-Fellow

SCHOOL'-FELLOW, noun [See Fellow.] One bred at the same school; an associate in school.

Locke.

School-House

SCHOOL'-HOUSE, noun [See House.] A house appropriated for the use of schools, or for instruction; but applied only to buildings for subordinate schools, not to colleges. In Connecticut and some other states, every town is divided into school-districts, and each district erects its own school-house by a tax on the inhabitants.

Schooling

SCHOOL'ING, participle of the present tense Instructing; teaching; reproving.

Schooling

SCHOOL'ING, noun Instruction in school; tuition.

2. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.

3. Reproof; reprimand. He gave his son a good schooling.

SchÃºOlmaid

SCHÃƒ-šOL'MAID, noun [See Maid.] A girl at school.

Shak.

Schoolman

SCHOOL'MAN, noun [See Man.] A man versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.

Unlearn'd, he knew no schoolman's subtil art.

Pope.

2. A writer of scholastic divinity or philosophy.

Let subtil schoolmen teach these friends to fight.

Pope.

Schoolmaster

SCHOOL'MASTER, noun [See Master.] The man who presides over and teaches a school; a teacher, instructor or preceptor of a school. [Applied now only or chiefly to the teachers of primary schools.]

Adrian VI. was sometime schoolmaster to Charles V.

Knolles.

2. He or that which disciplines, instructs and leads.

The law was our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ. Galatians 3.

Schoolmistress

SCHOOL'MISTRESS, noun [See Mistress.] A woman who governs and teaches a school.

Gay.

Schooner

SCHOON'ER, noun [German schoner.] A vessel with two masts, whose main-sail and fore-sail are suspended by gaffs, like a sloop's main-sail, and stretched below by booms.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Schorl

SCHORL. [See Shorl.]

Sciagraphical

SCIAGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to sciagraphy.

Sciagraphy

SCIAG'RAPHY, noun [Greek; a shadow, and, to describe.] The art of sketching or delineating.

2. In architecture, the profile or section of a building to exhibit its interior structure.

Bailey.

3. In astronomy, the art of finding the hour of the day or night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, moon or stars; the art of dialing.

Ash. Bailey.

Sciatheric

SCIATHER'IC, or SCIATHER'ICAL, adjective [Greek, a shadow, and, a catching.]

Belonging to a sun-dial. [Little used.]

Brown.

Sciatherically

SCIATHER'ICALLY, adverb After the manner of a sun-dial.

Gregory.

Sciatic

SCIAT'IC, or SCIAT'ICA, noun [Latin sciatica, from Greek, from, a pain in the hips, from, the hip, from, the loin.] Rheumatism in the hip.

Coxe.

Sciatic

SCIAT'IC, or SCIAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the hip; as the sciatic artery.

2. Affecting the hip; as sciatic pains.

Science

SCI'ENCE, noun [French from Latin scientia, from scio, to know; Spanish ciencia; Italian scienza. Scio is probably a contracted word.]

1. In a general sense, knowledge, or certain knowledge; the comprehension or understanding of truth or facts by the mind. The science of God must be perfect.

2. In philosophy, a collection of the general principles or leading truths relating to any subject. Pure science, as the mathematics, is built on self-evident truths; but the term science is also applied to other subjects founded on generally acknowledged truths, as metaphysics; or on experiment and observation, as chimistry and natural philosophy; or even to an assemblage of the general principles of an art, as the science of agriculture; the science of navigation. Arts relate to practice, as painting and sculpture.

A principle in science is a rule in art.

Playfair.

3. Art derived from precepts or built on principles.

Science perfects genius.

Dryden.

4. Any art or species of knowledge.

No science doth make known the first principles on which it buildeth.

Hooker.

5. One of the seven liberal branches of knowledge, viz. grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.

Bailey. Johnson.

[Note.Ã‚--Authors have not always been careful to use the terms art and science with due discrimination and precision. Music is an art as well as a science. In general, an art is that which depends on practice or performance, and science that which depends on abstract or speculative principles. The theory of music is a science; the practice of it an art.]

Scient

SCI'ENT, adjective [Latin sciens.] Skillful. [Not used.]

Cockeram.

Sciential

SCIEN'TIAL, adjective Producing science.

Milton.

Scientific

SCIENTIF'IC, or SCIENTIF'ICAL, adjective [French scientifique; Italian scientifico; Spanish cientifico; Latin scientia and facio, to make.]

1. Producing certain knowledge or demonstration; as scientific evidence.

South.

2. According to the rules or principles of science; as a scientific arrangement of fossils.

3. Well versed in science; as a scientific physician.

Scientifically

SCIENTIF'ICALLY, adverb In such a manner as to produce knowledge.

It is easier to believe, than to be scientifically instructed.

Locke.

2. According to the rules or principles of science.

Scillitin

SCIL'LITIN, noun [See Squill.] A white transparent acrid substance, extracted from squills by Vogel.

Ure.

Scimitar

SCIM'ITAR. [See Cimiter.]

Scink

SCINK, noun A cast calf. [Not in use or local.]

Ainsworth.

Scintillant

SCIN'TILLANT, adjective [See Scintillate.] Emitting sparks or fine igneous particles; sparkling.

Scintillate

SCIN'TILLATE, verb intransitive [Latin scintillo. This word seems to be a diminutive formed on the Teutonic scinan, to shine.]

1. To emit sparks or fine igneous particles.

Marbles do not scintillate with steel.

Fourcroy.

2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.

Scintillating

SCIN'TILLATING, participle of the present tense Emitting sparks; sparkling.

Scintillation

SCINTILLA'TION, noun The act of emitting sparks or igneous particles; the act of sparkling.

Brown. Glanville.

Sciolism

SCI'OLISM, noun [See Sciolist.] Superficial knowledge.

Brit. Critic.

Sciolist

SCI'OLIST, noun [Latin sciolus, a diminutive formed on scio, to know.]

One who knows little, or who knows many things superficially; a smatterer.

These passages in that book, were enough to humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their ignorance.

Temple.

Sciolous

SCI'OLOUS, adjective Superficially or imperfectly knowing.

Sciomachy

SCIOM'ACHY, noun [Greek, a shadow, and, a battle.]

A battle with a shadow. [Little used.]

Cowley.

Scion

SCION. [See Cion.]

Scioptic

SCIOP'TIC, adjective [Greek, shadow, and, to see.]

Pertaining to the camera obscura, or to the art of exhibiting images through a hole in a darkened room.

Bailey.

Scioptic

SCIOP'TIC, noun A sphere or globe with a lens made to turn like the eye; used in experiments with the camera obscura.

Scioptics

SCIOP'TICS, noun The science of exhibiting images of external objects, received through a double convex glass into a darkened room.

Scire Facias

SCIRE FA'CIAS, noun [Latin] In law, a judicial writ summoning a person to show cause to the court why something should not be done, as to require sureties to show cause why the plaintif should not have execution against them for debt and damages, or to require a third person to show cause why goods in his hands by replevin, should not be delivered to satisfy the execution, &c.

Blackstone.

Sciroc

SCI'ROC, or SCIROC'CO, noun [Italian scirocco.] In Italy, a south-east wind; a hot suffocating wind, blowing from the burning deserts of Africa. This name is given also, in the north-east of Italy, to a cold bleak wind from the Alps.

Encyc.

Scirrosity

SCIRROS'ITY, noun [See Scirrus.] An induration of the glands.

Arbuthnot.

Scirrous

SCIR'ROUS, adjective Indurated; hard; knotty; as a gland.

2. Proceeding from scirrus; as scirrous affections; scirrous disease.

Scirrus

SCIR'RUS, noun [Italian scirro; Spanish escirro; Latin scirrus; Greek.]

In surgery and medicine, a hard tumor on any part of the body, usually proceeding from the induration of a gland, and often terminating in a cancer.

Encyc. Coxe.

Sciscitation

SCISCITA'TION, noun [Latin sciscitor, to inquire or demand.]

The act of inquiring; inquiry; demand. [Little used.]

Hall.

Scissible

SCIS'SIBLE, adjective [Latin scissus, scindo, to cut.] Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp instrument; as scissible matter or bodies.

Bacon.

Scissile

SCIS'SILE, adjective [Latin scissilis, from scindo, to cut.]

That may be cut or divided by a sharp instrument.

Arbuthnot.

Scission

SCISSION, n. sizh'on. [French from Latin scissio, scindo, to cut.]

The act of cutting or dividing by an edged instrument.

Wiseman.

Scissors

SCISSORS, n. siz'zors. plu. [Latin scissor, from scindo, to cut, Greek, Saxon sceadan.]

A cutting instrument resembling shears, but smaller, consisting of two cutting blades movable on a pin in the center, by which they are fastened. Hence we usually say, a pair of scissors.

Scissure

SCIS'SURE, noun [Latin scissura, from scindo, to cut.]

A longitudinal opening in a body, made by cutting. [This cannot legitimately be a crack, rent or fissure. In this use it may be an error of the press for fissure. Decay of Piety.]

Scitamineous

SCITAMIN'EOUS, adjective Belonging to the Scitamineae, one of Linne's natural orders of plants.

Asiat. Res.

Sclavonian

SCLAVO'NIAN, or SLAVON'IC, adjective [from Sclavi, a people of the north of Europe.]

Pertaining to the Sclavi, a people that inhabited the country between the rivers Save and Drave, or to their language. Hence the word came to denote the language which is now spoken in Poland, Russia, Hungary, Bohemia, &c.

Sclerotic

SCLEROT'IC, adjective [Greek, hard; hardness.]

Hard; firm; as the sclerotic coat or tunicle of the eye.

Ray.

Sclerotic

SCLEROT'IC, noun The firm white outer coat of the eye.

Coxe.

2. A medicine which hardens and consolidates the parts to which it is applied.

Quincy. Coxe.

Scoat

SCOAT. [See Scot.]

Scobiform

SCOB'IFORM, adjective [Latin scobs, saw dust, and form.]

Having the form of saw dust or raspings.

Scobs

SCOBS, noun [Latin from scabo, to scrape.] Raspings of ivory, hartshorn or other hard substance; dross of metals, &c.

Chambers.

Scoff

SCOFF, verb intransitive [Greek. The primary sense is probably to throw, in which sense it coincides with the Dutch schoppen, German schuppen, to push, to shove. But I do not find the word in the English and Greek sense, in any modern language except the English.]

To treat with insolent ridicule, mockery or contumelious language; to manifest contempt by derision; with at. To scoff at religion and sacred things is evidence of extreme weakness and folly, as well as of wickedness.

They shall scoff at the kings. Habakkuk 1.

Scoff

SCOFF, verb transitive To treat with derision or scorn.

Fotherby.

Scoff

SCOFF, noun Derision, ridicule, mockery or reproach, expressed in language of contempt; expression of scorn or contempt.

With scoffs and scorns and contumelious taunts.

Shak.

Scoffer

SCOFF'ER, noun One who scoffs; one that mocks, derides or reproaches in the language of contempt; a scorner.

There shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, and saying, ``Where is the promise of his coming?' 2 Peter 3.

Scoffing

SCOFF'ING, participle of the present tense Deriding or mocking; treating with reproachful language.

Scoffingly

SCOFF'INGLY, adverb In mockery or contempt; by way of derision.

Aristotle applied this hemistich scoffingly to the sycophants at Athens.

Broome.

Scold

SCOLD, verb intransitive [Dutch schelden; German schelten; Danish skielder, to rail, to scold; Swedish skalla, to sound or ring; skallra, to snap or crack; skÃƒ-¥lla, to bark, to scold. It seems to be formed on the root of German schelle, a bell, a jingle, a box on the ear; schellen, schallen, to ring; Dutch schel, schellen. If s is a prefix, this word coincides with call, and Sax, galan, to sing, gyllan, gielan, to yell.]

To find fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter railing or harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke; with at; as, to scold at a servant. A scolding tongue, a scolding wife, a scolding husband, a scolding master, who can endure?

Pardon me, 'tis the first time that ever

I'm forc'd to scold.

Shak.

Scold

SCOLD, verb transitive To chide with rudeness and boisterous clamor; to rate.

Boswell.

[The transitive use of this word is of recent origin, at least within my knowledge.]

Scold

SCOLD, noun A rude, clamorous, foul-mouthed woman.

Scolds answer foul-mouth'd scolds.

Swift.

2. A scolding; a brawl.

Scolder

SCOLDER, noun One that scolds or rails.

Scolding

SCOLDING, participle of the present tense Railing with clamor; uttering rebuke in rude and boisterous language.

2. adjective Given to scolding.

Scolding

SCOLDING, noun The uttering of rude, clamorous language by way of rebuke or railing; railing language.

Scoldingly

SCOLDINGLY, adverb With rude clamor or railing.

Scollop

SCOL'LOP, noun A pectinated shell. [See Scallop.]

2. An indenting or cut like those of a shell.

Scollop

SCOL'LOP, verb transitive To form or cut with scollops.

Scolopendra

SCOLOPEN'DRA, noun [Greek.] A venomous serpent.

Johnson.

2. A genus of insects of the order of Apters, destitute of wings. These insects have as many feet on each side as there are segments in the body. There are several species.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

3. A plant. [Latin scolopendrium.]

Ainsworth.

Scomm

SCOMM, noun [Latin scomma; Greek, from. See Scoff.]

1. A buffoon. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

2. A flout; a jeer. [Not in use.]

Sconce

SCONCE, noun [Dutch schans; German schanze; Dutch skands; Swedish skans, a fort or castle, a fortification.]

1. A fort or bulwark; a work for defense. Obs.

Shak.

2. A hanging or projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to reflect the light.

Golden scones hang upon the walls.

Dryden.

3. The circular tube with a brim in a candlestick, into which the candle is inserted, that is, the support, the holder of the candle; and from this sense the candlestick, in the preceding definition, has its name.

4. A fixed seat or shelf. [Local.]

Sconce

SCONCE, noun [Danish skiÃƒ-¶nner, to judge, to discern; skiÃƒ-¶nsom, judicious.]

1. Sense; judgment; discretion or understanding. This sense has been in vulgar use in New England within my memory.

2. The head; a low word.

Shak.

3. A mulct or fine. [Qu. poll-tax.]

Sconce

SCONCE, verb transitive To mulct; to fine. [A low word and not in use.]

Warton.

Scoop

SCOOP, noun [Dutch schop, a scoop, and a shovel; German schÃƒ-¼ppe; schupp, a shove; schuppen, to push or shove; Swedish skuff, a shove; Danish skuffe, a scoop, a shovel, a box or drawer; Dutch schuif, schuiven, to shove; French ecope; Armoric esgop or scop.]

1. A large ladle; a vessel with a long handle fastened to a dish, used for dipping liquors; also, a little hollow piece of wood for bailing boats.

2. An instrument of surgery.

Sharp.

3. A sweep; a stroke; a swoop.

Shak.

Scoop

SCOOP, verb transitive To lade out; properly, to take out with a scoop or with a sweeping motion.

He scoop'd the water from the crystal flood.

Dryden.

2. To empty by lading; as, he scooped it dry.

Addison.

3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish; to excavate; as, the Indians scoop the trunk of a tree into a canoe.

Those carbuncles the Indians will scoop, so as to hold above a pint.

Arbuthnot.

4. To remove, so as to leave a place hollow.

A spectator would think this circular mount had been actually scooped out of that hollow space.

Spectator.

Scooped

SCOOP'ED, participle passive Taken out as with a scoop or ladle; hollowed; excavated; removed so as to leave a hollow.

Scooper

SCOOP'ER, noun One that scoops; also, a water fowl.

Scooping

SCOOP'ING, participle of the present tense Lading out; making hollow; excavating; removing so as to leave a hollow.

Scoop-Net

SCOOP'-NET, noun A net so formed as to sweep the bottom of a river.

Scope

SCOPE, noun [Latin scopus; Greek, from, to see or view; Hebrew to see, to behold; Chaldee to drive or strike. Class Gb. No. 85. The primary sense is to stretch or extend, to reach; properly, the whole extent, space or reach, hence the whole space viewed, and hence the limit or ultimate end.]

1. Space; room; amplitude of intellectual view; as a free scope for inquiry; full scope for the fancy or imagination; ample scope for genius.

2. The limit of intellectual view; the end or thing to which the mind directs its view; that which is purposed to be reached or accomplished; hence, ultimate design, aim or purpose; intention; drift. It expresses both the purpose and thing purposed.

Your scope is as mine own,

So to enforce and qualify the laws,

As to your soul seems good.

Shak.

The scope of all their pleading against man's authority, is to overthrow such laws and constitutions of the churchÃ‚--

Hooker.

3. Liberty; freedom from restraint; room to move in.

Hooker.

4. Liberty beyond just limits; license.

Give him line and scope.

Shak.

5. Act of riot; sally; excess. Obs.

Shak.

6. Extended quantity; as a scope of land. Obs.

Davies.

7. Length; extent; sweep; as scope of cable.

Mar. Language.

Scopiform

SCO'PIFORM, adjective [Latin scopa, a broom, and form.] Having the form of a broom or besom.

Zeolite, stelliform or scopiform.

Kirwan.

Scoppet

SCOP'PET, verb transitive To lade out. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Scoptical

SCOP'TICAL, adjective [Greek.] Scoffing. [Not in use.]

Hammond.

Scopulous

SCOP'ULOUS, adjective [Latin scopulosus.] Full of rocks; rocky. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Scorbute

SCORBUTE, noun [Latin scorbutus.] Scurvy. [Not in use.]

Purchas.

Scorbutic

SCORBU'TIC, or SCORBU'TICAL, adjective [French scorbutique, from Latin scorbutus, the scurvy. See Scurf, Scurvy.]

1. Affected or diseased with scurvy; as a scorbulic person.

2. Pertaining to scurvy, or partaking of its nature; as scorbutic complaints or symptoms.

3. Subject to scurvy; as a scorbutic habit.

Scorbutically

SCORBU'TICALLY, adverb With the scurvy, or with a tendency to it; as a woman scorbutically affected.

Wiseman.

Scorce

SCORCE. [See Scorse.]

Scorch

SCORCH, verb transitive [Dutch schroeijen, schrooken, to scorch. If this is the same word, there has been a transposition of the vowel. The Saxon has scorcned, the participle. But it is probable the Dutch is the true orthography, and the word is to be referred to the Chaldee, Arabic haraka or charaka, to burn, singe or roast. Class Rg. No. 33. 34.]

1. To burn superficially; to subject to a degree of heat that changes the color of a thing, or both the color and texture of the surface. Fire will scorch linen or cotton very speedily in extremely cold weather.

2. To burn; to affect painfully with heat. Scorched with the burning sun or burning sands of Africa.

Scorch

SCORCH, verb intransitive To be burnt on the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.

Scatter a little mungy straw and fern among your seedlings, to prevent the roots from scorching.

Mortimer.

Scorched

SCORCH'ED, participle passive Burnt on the surface; pained by heat.

Scorching

SCORCH'ING, participle of the present tense Burning on the surface; paining by heat.

Scorching-Fennel

SCORCH'ING-FENNEL, noun A plant of the genus Thapsia; deadly carrot.

Lee.

Scordium

SCOR'DIUM, noun [Latin] A plant, the watergermander, a species of Teucrium.

Encyc.

Score

SCORE, noun [Irish scor, a notch; sgoram, to cut in pieces; Saxon s or, a score, twenty; Icelandic skora, from the root of shear, share, shire.]

1. A notch or incision; hence, the number twenty. Our ancestors, before the knowledge of writing, numbered and kept accounts of numbers by cutting notches on a stick or tally, and making one notch the representative of twenty. A simple mark answered the same purpose.

2. A line drawn.

3. An account or reckoning; as, he paid his score.

Shak.

4. An account kept of something past; an epoch; an era.

Tillotson.

5. Debt, or account of debt.

Shak.

6. Account; reason; motive.

But left the trade, as many more

Have lately done on the same score.

Hudibras.

7. Account; sake.

You act your kindness on Cydaria's score.

Dryden.

8. In music, the original and entire draught of any composition, or its transcript.

Busby.

To quit scores, to pay fully; to make even by giving an equivalent.

A song in score, the words with the musical notes of a song annexed.

Johnson.

Score

SCORE, verb transitive To notch; to cut and chip for the purpose of preparing for hewing; as, to score timber.

2. To cut; to engrave.

Spenser.

3. To mark by a line.

Sandys.

4. To set down as a debt.

Madam, I know when,

Instead of five, you scored me ten.

Swift.

5. To set down or take as an account; to charge; as, to score follies.

Dryden.

6. To form a score in music.

Busby.

Scored

SCO'RED, participle passive Notched; set down; marked; prepared for hewing.

In botany, a scored stem is marked with parallel lines or grooves.

Martyn.

Scoria

SCO'RIA, noun [Latin from the Greek, rejected matter, that which is thrown off. Class Greek]

Dross; the recrement of metals in fusion, or the mass produced by melting metals and ores.

Newton. Encyc.

Scoriaceous

SCORIA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to dross; like dross or the recrement of metals; partaking of the nature of scoria.

Scorification

SCORIFICA'TION, noun In metallurgy, the act or operation of reducing a body, either wholly or in part, into scoria.

Encyc.

Scorified

SCO'RIFIED, participle passive Reduced to scoria.

Scoriform

SCO'RIFORM, adjective [Latin scoria and form.] Like scoria; in the form of dross.

Kirwan.

Scorify

SCO'RIFY, verb transitive To reduce to scoria or drossy matter.

Scorifying

SCO'RIFYING, participle of the present tense Reducing to scoria.

Scoring

SCO'RING, participle of the present tense Notching; marking; setting down as an account or debt; forming a score.

Scorious

SCO'RIOUS, adjective Drossy; recrementitious.

Brown.

Scorn

SCORN, noun [Spanish escarnio, scorn; escarnecer, to mock; Portugese escarneo, escarnecer; Italian scherno, schernire; Welsh ysgorn, ysgorniaw.]

1. Extreme contempt; that disdain which springs from a person's opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness or belief of his own superiority or worth.

He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone. Esther 3.

Every sullen frown and bitter scorn

But fann'd the fuel that too fast did burn.

Dryden.

2. A subject of extreme contempt, disdain or derision; that which is treated with contempt.

Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and a derision to them that are around us. Psalm 44.

To think scorn, to disdain; to despise. Obs.

Sidney.

To laugh to scorn, to deride; to make a mock of; to ridicule as contemptible.

They laughed us to scorn. Nehemiah 2.

Scorn

SCORN, verb transitive To hold in extreme contempt; to despise; to contemn; to disdain. Job 16.

Surely he scorneth the scorner; but he giveth grace to the lowly. Proverbs 3.

2. To think unworthy; to disdain.

Fame that delights around the world to stray,

Scorns not to take our Argos in her way

Pope.

3. To slight; to disregard; to neglect.

This my long suff'rance and my day of grace,

Those who neglect and scorn, shall never taste.

Milton.

Scorn

SCORN, verb intransitive To scorn at, to scoff at; to treat with contumely, derision or reproach. Obs.

Shak.

Scorned

SCORN'ED, participle passive Extremely contemned or despised; disdained.

Scorner

SCORN'ER, noun One that scorns; a contemner; a despiser.

They are great scorners of death.

Spenser.

2. A scoffer; a derider; in Scripture, one who scoffs at religion, its ordinances and teachers, and who makes a mock of sin and the judgments and threatenings of God against sinners. Proverbs 1, 19.

Scornful

SCORN'FUL, adjective Contemptuous; disdainful; entertaining scorn; insolent.

Th' enamor'd deity

The scornful damsel shuns.

Dryden.

2. Acting in defiance or disregard.

Scornful of winter's frost and summer's sum.

Prior.

3. In Scripture, holding religion in contempt; treating with disdain religion and the dispensations of God.

Scornfully

SCORN'FULLY, adverb With extreme contempt; contemptuously; insolently.

The sacred rights of the christian church are scornfully trampled on in printÃ‚--

Atterbury.

Scornfulness

SCORN'FULNESS, noun The quality of being scornful.

Scorning

SCORN'ING, participle of the present tense Holding in great contempt; despising; disdaining.

Scorning

SCORN'ING, noun The act of contemning; a treating with contempt, slight or disdain.

How long will the scorners delight in their scorning? Proverbs 1. Psalm 123.

Scorpion

SCOR'PION, noun [French from Latin scorpio; Greek; probably altered from the Oriental. The Arabic verb to which this word belongs, signifies to wound, to strike, &c.]

1. In zoology, an insect of the genus Scorpio, or rather the genus itself, containing several species, natives of southern or warm climates. This animal has eight feet, two claws in front, eight eyes, three on each side of the thorax and two on the back, and a long jointed tail ending in a pointed weapon or sting. It is found in the south of Europe, where it seldom exceeds four inches in length. In tropical climates, it grows to a foot in length, and resembles a lobster. The sting of this animal is sometimes fatal to life.

Encyc.

2. In Scripture, a painful scourge; a kind of whip armed with points like a scorpion's tail. 1 Kings 12.

Malicious and crafty men, who delight in injuring others, are compared to scorpions, Ezekiel 2.

3. In astronomy, the eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters, Oct. 23.

4. A sea fish. [Latin scorpius.]

Ainsworth.

Water scorpion, an aquatic insect of the genus Nepa.

Scorpion-Fly

SCOR'PION-FLY, noun An insect of the genus Panorna, having a tail which resembles that of a scorpion.

Scorpion-Grass

SCOR'PION-GRASS, or SCOR'PION'S TAIL, noun A plant of the genus Scorpiurus, with trailing herbaceous stalks, and producing a pod resembling a caterpillar, whence it is called caterpillars.

Encyc.

The mouse-ear scorpion-grass, is of the genus Myosotis.

Scorpion-Senna

SCOR'PION-SENNA, noun A plant of the genus Coronilla.

Scorpions-Thorn

SCOR'PION'S-THORN, noun A plant of the genus Ulex.

Scorpion-Wort

SCOR'PION-WORT, noun A plant, the Ornithopus scorpioides.

Parr.

Scorse

SCORSE, noun [Italian scorsa, a course; Latin ex and cursus.] A course or dealing; barter. Obs.

Spenser.

Scorse

SCORSE, verb transitive To chase. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To harter or exchange. Obs.

Spenser.

Scorse

SCORSE, verb intransitive To deal for the purchase of a horse. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Scortatory

SCORT'ATORY, adjective [Latin scortator, from scortor.] Pertaining to or consisting in lewdness.

Scorza

SCOR'ZA, noun [Qu. Italian scorza, bark; Latin ex and cortex.] In mineralogy, a variety of epidote.

Ure.

Scot

SCOT, or SCOTCH, verb transitive [Armoric scoaz, the shoulder, whence scoazya, to shoulder up, to prop, to support; Welsh ysgwyz, a shoulder; ysgwyzaw, to shoulder, which is said to be from cwyz, a fall.]

To support, as a wheel, by placing some obstacle to prevent its rolling. Our wagoners and cartmen scot the wheels of their wagons and carts, when in ascending a hill they stop to give their team rest, or for other purpose. In Connecticut, I have generally heard this word pronounced scot, in Massachusetts, scotch.

Scot

SCOT, noun [Saxon sceat, a part, portion, angle or bay, a garment or vest, a towel, cloth or sheet; sceat, sceata, sceatt, money, tax, tribute, toll, price, gift; sceta, scyta, a sheet. This is the English shot, in the phrase, he paid his shot; and scot, in scot and lot. Icelandic skot, Dutch schot, a wainscot, shot, scot; schoot, a sheet, a shoot, a shot, a sprig, a bolt, the lap, the womb; German schoss, scot, a shoot, and schooss, lap, womb; Swedish skatt, tax, tribute, rent, scot; Danish skot, skat, id.; skiÃƒ-¶d, the lap, the bosom, the waist of a coat; French ecot, shot, reckoning, Italian scotto; Spanish escote, shot, reckoning, a tucker, or small piece of linen that shades a woman's breast, also the sloping of a garment; escota, a sheet, in seamen's language; Portugese escota; escote, shot, club. This word coincides in elements with shade, scud, shoot, shed and sheet, all of which convey the sense of driving, or of separating, cutting off.]

In law and English history, a portion of money, assessed or paid; a customary tax or contribution laid on subjects according to their ability; also, a tax or custom paid for the use of a sherif or bailif. Hence our modern shot; as, to pay one's shot.

Scot and lot, parish payments. When persons were taxed unequally, they were said to pay scot and lot.

Encyc.

Scot

SCOT, noun [Saxon scotta, scotte; Welsh ysgotiad, a woodsman, a Scot, from ysgawd, a shade; ysgodi, to shade, to shelter, shade, which see. This word signifies, according to the Welsh, an inhabitant of the woods, and from the same root probably as Scythian, Scythia.] A native of Scotland or North Britain.

Scotal

SCOT'AL, or SCOT'ALE, noun [scot and ale.] In law, the keeping of an alehouse by the officer of a forest, and drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear of his displeasure.

Scotch

SCOTCH, adjective Pertaining to Scotland or its inhabitants. [See Scotish.]

Scotch

SCOTCH. [See Scot, the verb.]

Scotch

SCOTCH, verb transitive [Qu. Armoric sqeigea, or Saxon sceadan. This cannot be from French ecorcher, to flay or peel; ecorce, bark.]

To cut with shallow incisions. Obs.

Shak.

Scotch

SCOTCH, noun A slight cut or shallow incision.

Shak. Walton.

Scotch-Collops

SCOTCH-COLLOPS, or SCOTCHED-COLLOPS, noun Veal cut into small pieces.

Scotch-Hopper

SCOTCH-HOPPER, noun A play in which boys hop over scotches or lines in the ground.

Locke.

Scoter

SCO'TER, noun The black diver or duck, a species of Anas.

Scotfree

SCOT'FREE, adjective Free from payment or scot; untaxed.

2. Unhurt; clear; safe.

Scotia

SCO'TIA, noun In architecture, a semicircular cavity or channel between the tores in the bases of columns.

Scotish

SCOT'ISH, or SCOT'TISH, adjective Pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, or to their country or language; as Scottish industry or economy; a Scottish chief; the Scottish dialect.

Scotist

SCO'TIST, noun [from Duns Scotus, a Scotish cordelier.]

One of the followers of Scotus, a sect of school divines who maintained the immaculate conception of the virgin, or that she was born without original sin; in opposition to the Thomists, or followers of Thomas Aquinas.

Scotomy

SCOT'OMY, noun [Greek, vertigo, from, to darken.]

Dizziness or swimming of the head, with dimness of sight.

Scottering

SCOT'TERING, noun A provincial word in Herefordshire, England, denoting the burning of a wad of pease straw at the end of harvest.

Bailey. Johnson.

Scotticism

SCOT'TICISM, noun An idiom or peculiar expression of the natives of Scotland.

Beattie.

Scottish

SCOTTISH. [See Scotish.]

Scoundrel

SCOUN'DREL, noun [said to be from Italian scondaruole, a lurker, one that sculks from the roll or muster, from Latin abscondo. The Italian signifies properly the play hoodman-blind, or fox in the hole.]

A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a low petty villain; a man without honor or virtue.

Go, if your ancient but ignoble blood

Has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood.

Pope.

Scoundrel

SCOUN'DREL, adjective Low; base; mean; unprincipled.

Scoundrelism

SCOUN'DRELISM, noun Baseness; turpitude; rascality.

Cotgrave.

Scour

SCOUR, verb transitive [Gothic skauron, to scour; Saxon scur, a scouring; Dutch schuuren; German scheuern; Danish skurer; Swedish skura; Armoric scarhein, or scurhein or scurya; French ecurer, to scour; Spanish escurar. See the roots and. Class Greek No. 5. and 8.]

1. To rub hard with something rough, for the purpose of cleaning; as, to scour a kettle; to scour a musket; to scour armor.

2. To clean by friction; to make clean or bright.

3. To purge violently.

4. To remove by scouring.

Never came reformation in a flood

With such a heady current, scouring faults.

Shak.

5. To range about for taking all that can be found; as, to scour the sea of pirates.

6. To pass swiftly over; to brush along; as, to scour the coast.

Milton.

Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain.

Pope.

Scour

SCOUR, verb intransitive To perform the business of cleaning vessels by rubbing.

Shak.

2. To clean.

Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth better.

Bacon.

3. To be purged to excess.

Bacon. Mortimer.

4. To rove or range for sweeping or taking something.

Barbarossa, thus scouring along the coast of ItalyÃ‚--

Knolles.

5. To run with celerity; to scamper.

So four fierce coursers, starting to the race,

Scour through the plain, and lengthen every pace.

Dryden.

Scoured

SCOUR'ED, participle passive Rubbed with something rough, or made clean by rubbing; severely purged; brushed along.

Scourer

SCOUR'ER, noun One that scours or cleans by rubbing.

2. A drastic cathartic.

3. One that runs with speed.

Scourge

SCOURGE, n. skurj. [French escourgÃƒ-©e; Italian scoreggia, a lether thong; from Latin corriggia, from corrigo, to straighten.]

1. A whip; a lash consisting of a strap or cord; an instrument of punishment or discipline.

A scourge of small cords. John 2.

2. A punishment; vindictive affliction.

Famine and plague are sent as scourges for amendment. 2 Esdras.

3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harasses or destroys; particularly, any continued evil or calamity. Attila was called the scourge of God, for the miseries he inflicted in his conquests. Slavery is a terrible scourge.

4. A whip for a top.

Locke.

Scourge

SCOURGE, v. t. skurj. [Italian scoreggiare.] To whip severely; to lash.

Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman? Acts 22.

2. To punish with severity; to chastise; to afflict for sins or faults, and with the purpose of correction.

He will scourge us for our iniquities, and will have mercy again.

Tobit.

Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. Hebrews 12.

3. To afflict greatly; to harass, torment or injure.

Scourged

SCOURG'ED, participle passive Whipped; lashed; punished severely; harassed.

Scourger

SCOURG'ER, noun One that scourges or punishes; one that afflicts severely.

Scourging

SCOURG'ING, participle of the present tense Whipping; lashing with severity; punishing or afflicting severely.

Scouring

SCOUR'ING, participle of the present tense Rubbing hard with something rough; cleaning by rubbing; cleansing with a drastic cathartic; ranging over for clearing.

Scouring

SCOUR'ING, noun A rubbing hard for cleaning; a cleansing by a drastic purge; looseness; flux.

Bacon.

Scourse

SCOURSE. [See Scorse.]

Scout

SCOUT, noun [French ecout; ecouter, to hear, to listen; Norm. escoult, a hearing; Italian scolta, a watch; scoltare, to listen; Latin ausculto; Greek, the ear, and Latin culto, colo.]

1. In military affairs, a person sent before an army, or to a distance, for the purpose of observing the motions of an enemy or discovering any danger, and giving notice to the general. Horsemen are generally employed as scouts.

Encyc.

2. A high rock. [Not in use.]

Scout

SCOUT, verb intransitive To go on the business of watching the motions of an enemy; to act as a scout.

With obscure wing

Scout far and wide into the realm of night.

Milton.

Scout

SCOUT, verb transitive [perhaps Swedish skiuta, to shoot, to thrust, that is, to reject.]

To sneer at; to treat with disdain and contempt. [This word is in good use in America.]

Scovel

SCO'VEL, noun [W ysgubell, from ysgub, a broom, Latin scopa.]

A mop for sweeping ovens; a maulkin.

Ainsworth. Bailey.

Scow

SCOW, noun [Dutch schouw; Danish skude; Swedish skuta.]

A large flat bottomed boat; used as a ferry boat, or for loading and unloading vessels.

[A word in good use in New England.]

Scow

SCOW, verb transitive To transport in a scow.

Scowl

SCOWL, verb intransitive [Saxon scul, in scul-eaged, scowl-eyed; probably from the root of German schel, schiel, Dutch scheel, distorted; schielen, Danish skieler, to squint; Greek, to twist. See Class Gl. No. 59.]

1. To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe or angry.

She scowl'd and frown'd with froward countenance.

Spenser.

2. To look gloomy, frowning, dark or tempestuous; as the scowling heavens.

Thomson.

Scowl

SCOWL, verb transitive To drive with a scowl or frowns.

Milton.

Scowl

SCOWL, noun The wrinkling of the brows in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness or discontent in the countenance.

2. Gloom; dark or rude aspect; as of the heavens.

Crashaw.

Scowling

SCOWL'ING, participle of the present tense Contracting the brows into wrinkles; frowning; expressing displeasure or sullenness.

Scowlingly

SCOWL'INGLY, adverb With a wrinkled, frowning aspect; with a sullen look.

Scrabble

SCRAB'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch krabbelen, to scrape, to scribble; krabben, to scrape; German krabbeln, graben. This word belongs to the root of scrape, Latin scribo, grave, engrave, &c. See Scrape.]

1. To scrape, paw or scratch with the hands; to move along on the hands and knees by clawing with the hands; to scramble; as, to scrabble up a cliff or a tree. [A word in common popular use in New England, but not elegant.]

2. To make irregular or crooked marks; as, children scrabble when they begin to write; hence, to make irregular and unmeaning marks.

DavidÃ‚--scrabbled on the doors of the gate. 1 Samuel 21.

Scrabble

SCRAB'BLE, verb transitive To mark with irregular lines or letters; as, to scrabble paper.

Scrabbling

SCRAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Scraping; scratching; scrambling; making irregular marks.

Scrag

SCRAG, noun [This word is formed from the root of rag, crag, Greek, rack. Class Rg.]

Something thin or lean with roughness. A raw boned person is called a scrag, but the word is vulgar.

Scragged

SCRAG'GED, or SCRAG'GY, adjective [supra.] Rough with irregular points or a broken surface; as a scraggy hill; a scragged back bone.

Bentley.

2. Lean with roughness.

Arbuthnot.

Scraggedness

SCRAG'GEDNESS, or SCRAG'GINESS, noun Leanness, or leanness with roughness; ruggedness; roughness occasioned by broken irregular points.

Scraggily

SCRAG'GILY, adverb With leanness and roughness.

Scramble

SCRAM'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch schrammen, to scratch. It is not improbable that this word is corrupted from the root of scrape, scrabble.]

1. To move or climb by seizing objects with the hand, and drawing the body forward; as, to scramble up a cliff.

2. To seize or catch eagerly at any thing that is desired; to catch with haste preventive of another; to catch at without ceremony. Man originally was obliged to scramble with wild beasts for nuts and acorns.

Of other care they little reck'ning make,

Than how to scramble at the shearer's feast.

Milton.

Scramble

SCRAM'BLE, noun An eager contest for something, in which one endeavors to get the thing before another.

The scarcity of money enhances the price and increases the scramble.

Locke.

2. The act of climbing by the help of the hands.

Scrambler

SCRAM'BLER, noun One who scrambles; one who climbs by the help of the hands.

Scrambling

SCRAM'BLING, participle of the present tense Climbing by the help of the hands.

2. Catching at eagerly and without ceremony.

Scrambling

SCRAM'BLING, noun The act of climbing by the help of the hands.

2. The act of seizing or catching at with eager haste and without ceremony.

Scranch

SCR`ANCH, verb transitive [Dutch schranssen; from cranch, craunch, by prefixing s.]

To grind with the teeth, and with a crackling sound; to craunch. [This is in vulgar use in America.]

Scrannel

SCRAN'NEL, adjective [Qu. broken, split; from the root of cranny.] Slight; poor.

Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretched straw. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Scrap

SCRAP, noun [from scrape.] A small piece; properly something scraped off, but used for any thing cut off; a fragment; a crum; as scraps of meat.

Shak.

2. A part; a detached piece; as scraps of history or poetry; scraps of antiquity; scraps of authors.

Locke. Pope.

3. A small piece of paper.

Pope.

[If used for script, it is improper.]

Scrape

SCRAPE, verb transitive [Saxon screopan; Dutch schraapen, schrabben; German schrapen; Swedish skrapa; Danish skraber; Irish scriobam, sgrabam; Russian skrebu and ogrebayu; Latin scribo, Greek, to write; Welsh ysgravu, to scrape, from cravu, to scrape, from crav, claws. Owen. But probably from the general root of grave. In Chaldee and Syriac signifies to plow; in Arabic to strain, distress, gripe. See Grave.]

1. To rub the surface of any thing with a sharp or rough instrument, or with something hard; as, to scrape the floor; to scrape a vessel for cleaning it; to scrape the earth; to scrape the body. Job 2.

2. To clean by scraping. Leviticus 14.

3. To remove or take off by rubbing.

I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock. Ezekiel 26.

4. To act upon the surface with a grating noise.

The chiming clocks to dinner call;

A hundred footsteps scrape the marble hall.

Pope.

To scrape off, to remove by scraping; to clear away by rubbing.

To scrape together, to gather by close industry or small gains or savings; as, to scrape together a good estate.

Scrape

SCRAPE, verb intransitive To make a harsh noise.

2. To play awkwardly on a violin.

3. To make an awkward bow.

To scrape acquaintance, to make one's self acquainted; to curry favor. [A low phrase introduced from the practice of scraping in bowing.]

Scrape

SCRAPE, noun [Danish scrab; Swedish skrap.] A rubbing.

2. The sound of the foot drawn over the floor.

3. A bow.

4. Difficulty; perplexity; distress; that which harasses. [A low word.]

Scraped

SCRA'PED, participle passive Rubbed on the surface with a sharp or rough instrument; cleaned by rubbing; cleared away by scraping.

Scraper

SCRA'PER, noun An instrument with which any thing is scraped; as a scraper for shoes.

2. An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, and used for scraping earth in making or repairing roads, digging cellars, canals, &c.

3. An instrument having two or three sides or edges, for cleaning the planks, masts or decks of a ship, &c.

4. A miser; one who gathers property by penurious diligence and small savings; a scrape-penny.

5. An awkward fiddler.

Scraping

SCRA'PING, participle of the present tense Rubbing the surface with something sharp or hard; cleaning by a scraper; removing by rubbing; playing awkwardly on a violin.

Scrat

SCRAT, verb transitive [formed on the root of Latin rado.] To scratch. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Scrat

SCRAT, verb intransitive To rake; to search. [Not in use.]

Scrat

SCRAT, noun An hermaphrodite. [Not in use.]

Skinner.

Scratch

SCRATCH, verb transitive [German kratzen, ritzen, kritzeln; Dutch kratsen; Swedish kratsa; Danish kradser; probably from the root of grate, and Latin rado. See Class Rd. No. 46. 49. 56. 58. 59.]

1. To rub and tear the surface of any thing with something sharp or ragged; as, to scratch the cheeks with the nails; to scratch the earth with a rake; to scratch the hands or face by riding or running among briers.

A sort of small sand-colored stones, so hard as to scratch glass.

Grew.

2. To wound slightly.

3. To rub with the nails.

Be mindful, when invention fails,

To scratch your head and bite your nails.

Swift.

4. To write or draw awkwardly; as, to scratch out a pamphlet. [Not in use.]

Swift.

5. To dig or excavate with the claws. Some animals scratch holes in which they burrow.

To scratch out, to erase; to rub out; to obliterate.

Scratch

SCRATCH, verb intransitive To use the claws in tearing the surface. The gallinaceous hen scratches for her chickens.

Ã‚--Dull tame things that will neither bite nor scratch.

More.

Scratch

SCRATCH, noun A rent; a break in the surface of a thing made by scratching, or by rubbing with any thing pointed or ragged; as a scratch on timber or glass.

The coarse fileÃ‚--makes deep scratches in the work.

Moxon.

These nails with scratches shall deform my breast.

Prior.

2. A slight wound.

Heav'n forbid a shallow scratch should drive

The prince of Wales from such a field as this.

Shak.

3. A kind of wig worn for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose.

Smollet.

Scratched

SCRATCH'ED, participle passive Torn by the rubbing of something rough or pointed.

Scratcher

SCRATCH'ER, noun He or that which scratches.

Scratches

SCRATCH'ES, n. plu. Cracked ulcers on a horse's foot, just above the hoof.

Scratching

SCRATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Rubbing with something pointed or rough; rubbing and tearing the surface.

Scratchingly

SCRATCH'INGLY, adverb With the action of scratching.

Sidney.

Scraw

SCRAW, noun [Irish and Erse.] Surface; cut turf. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Scrawl

SCRAWL, verb transitive [Qu. from crawl, or its root, or from the Dutch schravelen, to scratch or scrape. Both may be from one root.]

1. To draw or mark awkwardly and irregularly.

Swift.

2. To write awkwardly.

Scrawl

SCRAWL, verb intransitive To write unskillfully and inelegantly.

Though with a golden pen you scrawl.

Swift.

2. To creep; to crawl. [This is from crawl, but I know not that it is in use.]

Ainsworth.

Scrawl

SCRAWL, noun Unskillful or inelegant writing; or a piece of hasty bad writing.

Pope.

2. In New England, a ragged, broken branch of a tree, or other brush wood.

Scrawler

SCRAWL'ER, noun One who scrawls; a hasty or awkward writer.

Scray

SCRAY, noun A fowl called the sea swallow, [hirundo marina,] of the genus Terna.

Screable

SCRE'ABLE, adjective [Latin screabilis, from screo, to spit out.] That may be spit out. Obs.

Screak

SCREAK, verb intransitive [Swedish skrika; Danish skriger; Welsh ysgreÃƒ-§ian, from creÃƒ-§ian, to creak, to shriek, from creÃƒ-§, cryÃƒ-§, rough, roughness, or its root. This word is only a different orthography of screech and shriek, but is not elegant.]

To utter suddenly a sharp shrill sound or outcry; to scream; as in a sudden fright; also, to creak, as a door or wheel. [See Screech.]

[When applied to things, we use creak, and when to persons, shriek, both of which are elegant.]

Screak

SCREAK, noun A creaking; a screech.

Scream

SCREAM, verb intransitive [Saxon reomian, hroeman or hreman; Welsh ysgarmu, to set up a scream or shout. It appears from the Welsh that this is also the English skirmish, Spanish escaramuzar, which in Dutch is schermutselen, from scherm, a fence or skreen; schermen, to fence. The primary sense is to thrust, drive or force out or away, to separate. See Class Rm. No. 11.]

1. To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp outcry, as in a fright or in extreme pain; to shriek.

The fearful matrons raise a screaming cry.

Dryden.

2. To utter a shrill harsh cry; as the screaming owl.

Scream

SCREAM, noun A shriek or sharp shrill cry uttered suddenly, as in terror or in pain; or the shrill cry of a fowl; as screams of horror.

Pope.

Screamer

SCRE'AMER, noun A fowl, or genus of fowls, of the grallic order, of two species, natives of America.

Screaming

SCRE'AMING, participle of the present tense Uttering suddenly a sharp shrill cry; crying with a shrill voice.

Screaming

SCRE'AMING, noun The act of crying out with a shriek of terror or agony.

Screech

SCREECH, verb intransitive [Swedish skrika; Danish skriger; German schreien; Welsh ysgreÃƒ-§ian, from creÃƒ-§ian, to creak; Irish screachaim. See Screak and Shriek, and Class Rg. No. 1. 4. 49. 50.]

1. To cry out with a sharp shrill voice; to utter a sudden shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain; to scream; to shriek.

Bacon.

2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl; thence called screech-owl.

Screech

SCREECH, noun A sharp shrill cry uttered in acute pain, or in a sudden fright.

2. A harsh shrill cry, as of a fowl.

Pope.

Screeching

SCREE'CHING, participle of the present tense Uttering a shrill or harsh cry.

Screech-Owl

SCREE'CH-OWL, noun An owl that utters a harsh disagreeable cry at night, no more ominous of evil than the notes of the nightingale.

Screed

SCREED, noun With plasterers, the floated work behind a cornice.

Encyc.

Screen

SCREEN, noun [French ecran. This word is evidently from the root of Latin cerno, excerno, Greek, to separate, to sift, to judge, to fight, contend, skirmish; Spanish harnero, a sieve. The primary sense of the root is to separate, to drive or force asunder, hence to sift, to discern, to judge, to separate or cut off danger.]

1. Any thing that separates or cuts off inconvenience, injury or danger; and hence, that which shelters or protects from danger, or prevents inconvenience. Thus a screen is used to intercept the sight, to intercept the heat of fire or the light of a candle.

Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in matters of danger and envy.

Bacon.

2. A riddle or sieve.

Screen

SCREEN, verb transitive To separate or cut off from inconvenience, injury or danger; to shelter; to protect; to protect by hiding; to conceal; as fruits screened from cold winds by a forest or hill. Our houses and garments screen us from cold; an umbrella screens us from rain and the sun's rays. Neither rank nor money should screen from punishment the man who violates the laws.

2. To sift or riddle; to separate the coarse part of any thing from the fine, or the worthless from the valuable.

Evelyn.

Screened

SCREE'NED, participle passive Protected or sheltered from injury or danger; sifted.

Screening

SCREE'NING, participle of the present tense Protecting from injury or danger.

Screw

SCREW, noun [Dutch schroef; German schraube; Danish skruve or skrue; Swedish skruf. The primary sense is probably to turn, or rather to strain. Class Rb.]

1. A cylinder of wood or metal, grooved spirally; or a cylinder with a spiral channel or thread cut in such a manner that it is equally inclined to the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length. A screw is male or female. In the male screw, the thread rises from the surface of the cylinder; in the female, the groove or channel is sunk below the surface to receive the thread of the male screw.

2. One of the six mechanical powers.

Screw

SCREW, verb transitive To turn or apply a screw to; to press, fasten or make firm by a screw; as, to screw a lock on a door; to screw a press.

2. To force; to squeeze; to press.

3. To oppress by exactions. Landlords sometimes screw and rack their tenants without mercy.

4. To deform by contortions; to distort.

He screw'd his face into a harden'd smile.

Dryden.

To screw out, to press out; to extort.

To screw up, to force; to bring by violent pressure; as, to screw up the pins of power too high.

Howell.

To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting.

Screwed

SCREW'ED, participle passive Fastened with screws; pressed with screws; forced.

Screwer

SCREW'ER, noun He or that which screws.

Screwing

SCREW'ING, participle of the present tense Turning a screw; fastening or pressing with a screw.

Screw-Tree

SCREW'-TREE, noun A plant of the genus Helicteres, of several species, natives of warm climates. They are shrubby plants, with yellow flowers, and capsules intorted or twisted inwards.

Encyc.

Scribble

SCRIB'BLE, verb transitive [Latin scribillo, dim. of scribo, to write, Welsh ysgrivaw. See Scribe.]

1. To write with haste, or without care or regard to correctness or elegance; as, to scribble a letter or pamphlet.

2. To fill with artless or worthless writing.

Milton.

Scribble

SCRIB'BLE, verb intransitive To write without care or beauty.

If Maevius scribble in Apollo's spite.

Pope.

Scribble

SCRIB'BLE, noun Hasty or careless writing; a writing of little value; as a hasty scribble.

Boyle.

Scribbled

SCRIB'BLED, participle passive Written hastily and without care.

Scribbler

SCRIB'BLER, noun A petty author; a writer of no reputation.

The scribbler pinch'd with hunger, writes to dine.

Granville.

Scribe

SCRIBE, noun [French from Latin scriba, from scribo, to write; formed probably on the root of grave, scrape, scrub; Dutch schryven; German schreiben; Swedish skrifva; Danish skriver; Welsh ysgrivaw, ysgrivenu, whence scrivener; Italian scrivere; Spanish escribir; Portugese escrever; French ecrire, ecrivant; Armoric scriva; scrifan; Greek; Irish grafadh, to write, and sgriobam, sgrabam, to scrape, engrave or write; Russian skrebu, sgrebayu, to scrape, scrub, rake. Class Rb. The first writing was probably engraving on wood or stone.]

1. In a general sense, a writer. Hence,

2. A notary; a public writer.

3. In ecclesiastical meetings and associations in America, a secretary or clerk; one who records the transactions of an ecclesiastical body.

4. In Scripture and the Jewish history, a clerk or secretary to the king. Seraiah was scribe to king David. 2 Samuel 8.

5. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls of the army, and called over the names and reviewed them. 2 Chaldee xxvi. 2 Kings 25.

6. A writer and a doctor of the law; a man of learning; one skilled in the law; one who read and explained the law to the people. Ez. 7.

Scribe

SCRIBE, verb transitive To mark by a model or rule; to mark so as to fit one piece to another; a term used by carpenters and joiners.

Scrimer

SCRI'MER, noun [French escrimeur. See Skirmish.] A fencing-master. Obs.

Shak.

Scrimp

SCRIMP, verb transitive [Swedish skrumpen, shriveled; Dutch krimpen, to shrink, crimp, shrivel; German schrumpfen; Welsh crimpiaw, to pinch.]

To contract; to shorten; to make too small or short; to limit or straiten; as, to scrimp the pattern of a coat.

New England.

Scrimp

SCRIMP, adjective Short; scanty.

Scrimp

SCRIMP, noun A pinching miser; a niggard; a close fisted person.

New England.

Scrine

SCRINE, noun [Latin scrinium; Norm. escrin; probably from Latin cerno, secerno.]

A shrine; a chest, book-case or other place where writings or curiosities are deposited. [See Shrine, which is generally used.]

Scringe

SCRINGE, verb intransitive To cringe, of which this word is a corruption.

Scrip

SCRIP, noun [Welsh ysgrab, ysgrepan, something puckered or drawn together, a wallet, a scrip; Swedish skr?ppa. This belongs to the root of gripe, our vulgar grab, that is, to seize or press.]

A small bag; a wallet; a satchel. David put five smooth stones in a scrip. 1 Samuel 17. Matthew 10.

Scrip

SCRIP, noun [Latin scriptum, scriptio, from scribo, to write.]

A small writing, certificate or schedule; a piece of paper containing a writing.

Bills of exchange cannot pay our debts abroad, till scrips of paper can be made current coin.

Locke.

A certificate of stock subscribed to a bank or other company, or of a share of other joint property, is called in America a scrip.

Scrippage

SCRIP'PAGE, noun That which is contained in a scrip. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Script

SCRIPT, noun A scrip. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Scriptory

SCRIP'TORY, adjective [Latin scriptorius. See Scribe.]

Written; expressed in writing; not verbal. [Little used.]

Swift.

Scriptural

SCRIP'TURAL, adjective [from scripture.] Contained in the Scriptures, so called by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible; as a scriptural word, expression or phrase.

2. According to the Scriptures or sacred oracles; as a scriptural doctrine.

Scripturalist

SCRIP'TURALIST, noun One who adheres literally to the Scriptures and makes them the foundation of all philosophy.

Scripture

SCRIP'TURE, noun [Latin scriptura, from scribo, to write.]

1. In its primary sense, a writing; any thing written.

Raleigh.

2. Appropriately, and by way of distinction, the books of the Old and New Testament; the Bible. The word is used either in the singular or plural number, to denote the sacred writings or divine oracles, called sacred or holy, as proceeding from God and containing sacred doctrines and precepts.

There is not any action that a man ought to do or forbear, but the Scripture will give him a clear precept or prohibition for it.

South.

Compared with the knowledge which the Scriptures contain, every other subject of human inquiry is vanity and emptiness.

Buckminster.

Scripturist

SCRIP'TURIST, noun One well versed in the Scriptures.

Newcombe.

Scrivener

SCRIV'ENER, noun [Welsh ysgrivenwr, from ysgrivenu, to write; Italian scrivano; French ecrivain. See Scribe.]

1. A writer; one whose occupation is to draw contracts or other writings.

Encyc.

2. One whose business is to place money at interest.

Dryden.

Scrofula

SCROF'ULA, noun [Latin In German kropf is crop, craw, and scrofula. In Dutch it is kropzeer, neck-sore.]

A disease, called vulgarly the king's evil, characterized by hard, scirrous, and often indolent tumors in the glands of the neck, under the chin, in the arm-pits, &c.

Encyc.

Scrofulous

SCROF'ULOUS, adjective Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking of its nature; as scrofulous tumors; a scrofulous habit of body.

2. Diseased or affected with scrofula.

Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished.

Arbuthnot.

Scroll

SCROLL, noun [probably formed from roll, or its root; French ecroue, a contracted word, whence escrow.]

A roll of paper or parchment; or a writing formed into a roll.

Here is the scroll of every man's name.

Shak.

The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll. Isaiah 34.

Scrotum

SCRO'TUM, noun The bag which contains the testicles.

Scroyle

SCROYLE, noun [In French ecrouelles, the king's evil; or Dutch schraal, thin, lean, meager.]

A mean fellow; a wretch. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Scrub

SCRUB, verb transitive [Swedish skrubba, to scrub, to rebuke; Danish skrubber; Dutch schrobben; German schrubben. This word is probably formed on rub, or its root, and perhaps scrape, Latin scribo, may be from the same radix; Irish scriobam.]

To rub hard, either with the hand or with a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning, scouring or making bright; as, to scrub a floor; to scrub a deck; to scrub vessels of brass or other metal.

Scrub

SCRUB, verb intransitive To be diligent and penurious; as, to scrub hard for a living.

Scrub

SCRUB, noun A mean fellow; one that labors hard and lives meanly.

2. Something small and mean.

No little scrub joint shall come on my board.

Swift.

3. A worn out brush.

Ainsworth.

Scrubbed

SCRUB'BED, or SCRUB'BY, adjective Small and mean; stunted in growth; as a scrubbed boy; a scrubby cur; a scrubby tree.

Shak. Swift.

Scruf

SCRUF, for scurf, not in use.

Scruple

SCRU'PLE, noun [French scrupule, from Latin scrupulus, a doubt; scrupulum, the third part of a dram, from scrupus, a chess-man; probably a piece, a small thing, from scraping, like scrap. Qu. Greek. Is not the sense of doubt from being very nice?]

1. Doubt; hesitation from the difficulty of determining what is right or expedient; backwardness; reluctance to decide or to act. A man of fashionable honor makes no scruple to take another's life, or expose his own. He has no scruples of conscience, or he despises them.

2. A weight of twenty grains, the third part of a dram; among goldsmiths, the weight of 24 grains.

3. Proverbially, a very small quantity.

4. In Chaldean chronology, the 1/1080 part of an hour; a division of time used by the Jews, Arabs, &c.

Encyc.

Scruple of half duration, an arch of the moon's orbit, which the moon's center describes from the beginning of an eclipse to the middle.

Scruples of immersion or incidence, an arch of the moon's orbit, which her center describes from the beginning of the eclipse to the time when its center falls into the shadow.

Scruples of emersion, an arch of the moon's orbit, which her center describes in the time from the first emersion of the moon's limb to the end of the eclipse.

Encyc.

Scruple

SCRU'PLE, verb intransitive To doubt; to hesitate.

He scrupl'd not to eat,

Against his better knowledge.

Milton.

Scruple

SCRU'PLE, verb transitive To doubt; to hesitate to believe; to question; as, to scruple the truth or accuracy of an account or calculation.

Scrupled

SCRU'PLED, participle passive Doubted; questioned.

Scrupler

SCRU'PLER, noun A doubter; one who hesitates.

Scrupling

SCRU'PLING, participle of the present tense Doubting; hesitating; questioning.

Scrupulosity

SCRUPULOS'ITY, noun [Latin scrupulositas.]

1. The quality or state of being scrupulous; doubt; doubtfulness respecting some difficult point, or proceeding from the difficulty or delicacy of determining how to act; hence, the caution or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or offending.

The first sacrilege is looked upon with some horror; but when they have once made the breach, their scrupulosity soon retires.

Decay of Piety.

2. Nicety of doubt; or nice regard to exactness and propriety.

So careful, even to scrupulosity, were they to keep their sabbath.

South.

3. Niceness; preciseness.

Johnson.

Scrupulous

SCRU'PULOUS, adjective [Latin scrupulosus; French scrupuleux.]

1. Nicely doubtful; hesitating to determine or to act; cautious in decision from a fear of offending or doing wrong. Be careful in moral conduct, not to offend scrupulous brethren.

2. Given to making objections; captious.

Equality of two domestic pow'rs

Breeds scrupulous faction.

Shak.

3. Nice; doubtful.

The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not obscure, not scrupulous. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

4. Careful; cautious; exact in regarding facts.

Woodward.

5. Nice; exact; as a scrupulous abstinence from labor.

Paley.

Scrupulously

SCRU'PULOUSLY, adverb With a nice regard to minute particulars or to exact propriety.

The duty consists not scrupulously in minutes and half hours.

Taylor.

Henry was scrupulously careful not to ascribe the success to himself.

Addison.

Scrupulousness

SCRU'PULOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being scrupulous; niceness, exactness or caution in determining or in acting, from a regard to truth, propriety or expedience.

Scrutable

SCRU'TABLE, adjective [See Scrutiny.] Discoverable by inquiry or critical examination.

Decay of Piety.

Scrutation

SCRUTA'TION, noun Search; scrutiny. [Not used.]

Scrutator

SCRUTA'TOR, noun [Latin from scrutor.] One that scrutinizes; a close examiner or inquirer. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Scrutinize

SCRU'TINIZE, verb transitive [from scrutiny.] To search closely; to examine or inquire into critically; as, to scrutinize the measures of administration; to scrutinize the private conduct or motives of individuals.

Scrutinized

SCRU'TINIZED, participle passive Examined closely.

Scrutinizing

SCRU'TINIZING, participle of the present tense Inquiring into with critical minuteness or exactness.

Scrutinizer

SCRU'TINIZER, noun One who examines with critical care.

Scrutinous

SCRU'TINOUS, adjective Closely inquiring or examining; captious.

Denham.

Scrutiny

SCRU'TINY, noun [French scrutin; Italian scrutinio; Spanish escrutinio; Low Latin scrutinium, from scrutor, to search closely, to pry into; Saxon scrudnian; Irish scrudam.]

1. Close search; minute inquiry; critical examination; as a scrutiny of votes; narrower scrutiny. In the heat of debate, observations may escape a prudent man which will not bear the test of scrutiny.

2. In the primitive church, an examination of catechumens in the last week of Lent, who were to receive baptism on Easterday. This was performed with prayers, exorcisms and many other ceremonies.

Encyc.

3. In the canon law, a ticket or little paper billet on which a vote is written.

Encyc.

Scrutoir

SCRUTO'IR, noun [French ecritoire, from ecrire, to write. See Scribe.]

A kind of desk, case of drawers or cabinet, with a lid opening downward for the convenience of writing on it.

Prior.

Scruze

SCRUZE, verb transitive To crowd; to squeeze. [A low word of local use.]

Spenser.

Scud

SCUD, verb intransitive [This is shoot, or from the same root; Danish skyder, to shoot; skud, a shot; Swedish skudda, to throw or pour out; Saxon sceotan, to shoot, to flee or haste away; Welsh ysgwdu, to push or thrust; ysgudaw, ysguthaw, to whisk, to scud, to whirl about. See Shoot.]

1. In a general sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste. In seamen's language, to be driven with precipitation before a tempest. This is done with a sail extended on the foremast of the ship, or when the wind is too violent, without any sail set, which is called scudding under bare poles.

Mar. Dict.

2. To run with precipitation; to fly.

Dryden.

Scud

SCUD, noun A low thin cloud, or thin clouds driven by the wind.

Mar. Dict.

2. A driving along; a rushing with precipitation.

Gay.

Scudding

SCUD'DING, participle of the present tense Driving or being driven before a tempest; running with fleetness.

Scuddle

SCUD'DLE, verb intransitive To run with a kind of affected haste; commonly pronounced scuttle. [A low word.]

Scuffle

SCUF'FLE, noun [This is a different orthography of shuffle; from shove, or its root; Swedish skuff, a push; skuffa, to push, thrust, shove; Danish skuffe, a drawer, a scoop, a shovel; skuffer, to shuffle, to cheat; Dutch schuiven, to shove, push or draw; German schieben.]

1. A contention or trial of strength between two persons, who embrace each other's bodies; a struggle with close embrace, to decide which shall throw the other; in distinction from wrestling, which is a trial of strength and dexterity at arm's length. Among our common people, it is not unusual for two persons to commence a contest by wrestling, and at last close in, as it is called, and decide the contest by a scuffle.

2. A confused contest; a tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority; a fight.

The dog leaps upon the serpent and tears it to pieces; but in the scuffle, the cradle happened to be overturned.

L'Estrange.

Scuffle

SCUF'FLE, verb intransitive To strive or struggle with close embrace, as two men or boys.

2. To strive or contend tumultuously, as small parties.

A gallant man prefers to fight to great disadvantages in the field, in an orderly way, rather than to scuffle with an undisciplined rabble.

K. Charles.

Scuffler

SCUF'FLER, noun One who scuffles.

Scuffling

SCUF'FLING, participle of the present tense Striving for superiority with close embrace; struggling or contending without order.

Scug

SCUG, verb transitive [Danish skygger, to shade; Swedish skugga, a shade.] To hide. [Local.]

Grose.

Sculk

SCULK, verb intransitive [Danish skiuler; Swedish skyla; Dutch schuilen, to hide, shelter, sculk; the shelter. It is also written skulk.]

To retire into a close or covered place for concealment; to lurk; to lie close from shame, fear of injury or detection.

No news of Phyl! the bridegroom came,

And thought his bride had sculk'd for shame.

Swift.

Ã‚--And sculk behind the subterfuge of art.

Prior.

Sculker

SCULK'ER, noun A lurker; one that lies close for hiding.

Sculking

SCULK'ING, participle of the present tense Withdrawing into a close or covered place for concealment; lying close.

Scull

SCULL, noun The brain pan. [See Skull.]

2. A boat; a cock boat. [See Sculler.]

3. One who sculls a boat. But properly,

4. A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can manage two, one on each side.

Mar. Dict.

5. A shoal or multitude of fish. [Saxon sceole.] [Not in use.]

Scull

SCULL, verb transitive To impel a boat by moving and turning an oar over the stern.

Mar. Dict.

Scull-Cap

SCULL'-CAP. [See Skull-cap.]

Sculler

SCULL'ER, noun A boat rowed by one man with two sculls or short oars.

2. One that sculls, or rows with sculls; one that impels a boat by an oar over the stern.

Scullery

SCULL'ERY, noun [probably from the root of shell, scale, French ecuelle; Scot. skul, skoll, a bowl; Danish skaal, a drinking cup; skal, a shell, skull; German schale, a scale, a shell, a dish or cup; Dutch schall, schil. Skulls and shells were the cups, bowls and dishes of rude men.]

A place where dishes, kettles and other culinary utensils are kept.

Scullion

SCULL'ION, noun [Irish squille, from the root of the preceding.]

A servant that cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen.

Scullionly

SCULL'IONLY, adjective Like a scullion; base; low; mean. [Not used.]

Sculp

SCULP, verb transitive [Latin sculpo, scalpo. Qu. Greek; root, Class Lb. No. 27; or gall, Latin calvus, Class Gl. No. 8.]

To carve; to engrave. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Sculptile

SCULP'TILE, adjective [Latin sculptilis.] Formed by carving; as sculptile images.

Brown.

Sculptor

SCULP'TOR, noun [Latin See Sculp.] One whose occupation is to carve wood or stone into images; a carver.

Encyc.

Sculpture

SCULP'TURE, noun [French; Latin sculptura.] The art of carving, cutting or hewing wood or stone into images of men, beasts or other things. Sculpture is a generic term, including carving or statuary and engraving.

2. Carved work.

There too, in living sculpture, might be seen

The mad affection of the Cretan queen.

Dryden.

3. The art of engraving on copper.

Sculpture

SCULP'TURE, verb transitive To carve; to engrave; to form images or figures with the chisel on wood, stone or metal.

Sculptured

SCULP'TURED, participle passive Carved; engraved; as a sculptured vase; sculptured marble.

Sculpturing

SCULP'TURING, participle of the present tense Carving; engraving.

Scum

SCUM, noun [French ecume; Italian schiuma; Swedish Danish skum; Dutch schuim; German schaum.]

1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which form on the surface by other means. The word is also applied to the scoria of metals.

Encyc.

2. The refuse; the recrement; that which is vile or worthless.

The great and the innocent are insulted by the scum and refuse of the people.

Addison.

Scum

SCUM, verb transitive To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from the surface; to skim.

You that scum the molten lead.

Dryden.

Scumber

SCUM'BER, noun The dung of the fox.

Ainsworth.

Scummed

SCUM'MED, participle passive Cleared of scum; skimmed.

Scummer

SCUM'MER, noun [French ecumoire.] An instrument used for taking off the scum of liquors; a skimmer.

Scumming

SCUM'MING, participle of the present tense Clearing of scum; skimming.

Scummings

SCUM'MINGS, n. plu. The matter skimmed from boiling liquors; as the scummings of the boiling house.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Scupper

SCUP'PER, noun [Spanish escupir, to spit, to eject, to discharge.]

The scuppers or scupper holes of a ship, are channels cut through the water ways and sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead for carrying off the water from the deck.

Mar. Dict.

Scupper-Hose

SCUP'PER-HOSE, noun A lethern pipe attached to the mouth of the scuppers of the lower deck of a ship, to prevent the water from entering.

Encyc.

Scupper-Nail

SCUP'PER-NAIL, noun A nail with a very broad head for covering a large surface of the hose.

Mar. Dict.

Scupper-Plug

SCUP'PER-PLUG, noun A plug to stop a scupper.

Mar. Dict.

Scurf

SCURF, noun [Saxon scurf; German schorf; Dutch schurft; Danish skurv; Swedish skorf; Icelandic skarfa; Latin scorbutus. In Dutch scheuren is to rend or crack, and scheurbuik is scurvy, Danish skiÃƒ-¶rbug, from skiÃƒ-¶r, brittle. In Irish gearbh is rough. It is named from breaking or roughness.]

1. A dry miliary scab or crust formed on the skin of an animal.

2. The soil or foul remains of any thing adherent; as the scurf of crimes. [Not common nor elegant.]

Dryden.

3. Any thing adhering to the surface.

There stood a hill, whose grisly top

Shone with a glossy scurf.

Milton.

Scurff

SCURFF, noun Another name for the bulltrout.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Scurfiness

SCURF'INESS, noun The state of being scurfy.

Scurfy

SCURF'Y, adjective Having scurf; covered with scurf.

2. Resembling scurf.

Scurril

SCUR'RIL, adjective [Latin scurrilis, from scurra, a buffoon; German scheren, Dutch scheeren, to jeer.]

Such as befits a buffoon or vulgar jester; low; mean; grossly opprobrious in language; scurrilous; as scurril jests; scurril scoffing; scurril taunts.

Shak. Dryden.

Scurrility

SCURRIL'ITY, noun [Latin scurrilitas; French scurrilitÃƒ-©.]

Such low, vulgar, indecent or abusive language as is used by mean fellows, buffoons, jesters and the like; grossness of reproach or invective; obscene jests, &c.

Banish scurrility and profaneness.

Dryden.

Scurrilous

SCUR'RILOUS, adjective Using the low and indecent language of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the licence of buffoons can warrant; as a scurrilous fellow.

2. Containing low indecency or abuse; mean; foul; vile; obscenely jocular; as scurrilous language.

Scurrilously

SCUR'RILOUSLY, adverb With gross reproach; with low indecent language.

It is barbarous incivility, scurrilously to sport with what others count religion.

Tillotson.

Scurrilousness

SCUR'RILOUSNESS, noun Indecency of language; vulgarity; baseness of manners.

Scurvily

SCUR'VILY, adverb [from scurvy.] Basely; meanly; with coarse and vulgar incivility.

The clergy were never more learned, or so scurvily treated.

Swift.

Scurviness

SCUR'VINESS, noun [from scurvy.] The state of being scurvy.

Scurvogel

SCUR'VOGEL, noun A Brazilian fowl of the stork kind, the jabiru guacu.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Scurvy

SCUR'VY, noun [from scurf; scurvy for scurfy; Low Latin scorbutus.]

A disease characterized by great debility, a pale bloated face, bleeding spongy gums, large livid tumors on the body, offensive breath, aversion to exercise, oppression at the breast or difficult respiration, a smooth, dry, shining skin, &c.; a disease most incident to persons who live confined, or on salted meats without fresh vegetables in cold climates.

Coxe. Encyc.

Scurvy

SCUR'VY, adjective Scurfy; covered or affected by scurf or scabs; scabby; diseased with scurvy.

Leviticus.

2. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; worthless; contemptible; as a scurvy fellow.

He spoke scurvy and provoking terms.

Shak.

That scurvy custom of taking tabacco.

Swift.

Scurvy-Grass

SCUR'VY-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Cochlearia; spoonwort. It grows on rocks near the sea, has an acrid, bitter taste, and is remarkable as a remedy for the scurvy. It is eaten raw as a salad.

Encyc.

Scuses

'SCUSES, for excuses.

Shak.

Scut

SCUT, noun [Icelandic skott; Welsh cwt, a tail or rump; cwta, short.]

The tail of a hare or other animal whose tail is short.

Brown. Swift.

Scutage

SCU'TAGE, noun [Law Latin scutagium, from scutum, a shield.]

In English history, a tax or contribution levied upon those who held lands by knight service; originally, a composition for personal service which the tenant owed to his lord, but afterward levied as an assessment.

Blackstone.

Scutcheon

SCUTCHEON, a contraction of escutcheon, which see.

Scute

SCUTE, noun [Latin scutum, a buckler.] A French gold coin of 3s. 4d. sterling.

Encyc.

Scutellated

SCU'TELLATED, adjective [Latin scutella, a dish. See Scuttle.]

Fromed like a pan; divided into small surfaces; as the scutellated bone of a sturgeon.

Woodward.

Scutiform

SCU'TIFORM, adjective [Latin scutum, a buckler, and form.] Having the form of a buckler or shield.

Scuttle

SCUT'TLE, noun [Latin scutella, a pan or saucer; Welsh ysgudell; Saxon scutel, scuttel, a dish.]

A broad shallow basket; so called from its resemblance to a dish.

Scuttle

SCUT'TLE, noun [French ecoutille; Armoric scoutilh; Spanish escotilla; Saxon scyttel, a bolt or bar; scyttan, to bolt, to shut. See Shut.]

1. In ships, a small hatchway or opening in the deck, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for covering it; also, a like hole in the side of a ship, and through the coverings of her hatchways, &c.

2. A square hole in the roof of a house, with a lid.

3. [from scud, and properly scuddle.] A quick pace; a short run.

Spectator.

Scuttle

SCUT'TLE, verb intransitive To run with affected precipitation.

Arbuthnot.

Scuttle

SCUT'TLE, verb transitive [from the noun.] To cut large holes through the bottom or sides of a ship for any purpose.

2. To sink by making holes through the bottom; as, to scuttle a ship.

Scuttle-Butt

SCUT'TLE-BUTT, or SCUT-TLE-CASK, noun A butt or cask having a square piece sawn out of its bilge, and lashed upon deck.

Mar. Dict.

Scuttled

SCUT'TLED, participle passive Having holes made in the bottom or sides; sunk by means of cutting holes in the bottom or side.

Scuttle-Fish

SCUT'TLE-FISH, noun The cuttle-fish, so called. [See Cuttle-fish.]

Scuttling

SCUT'TLING, participle of the present tense Cutting holes in the bottom or sides; sinking by such holes.

Scytale

SCYT'ALE, noun A species of serpent.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Scythe

SCYTHE, a wrong spelling. [See Sythe.]

Scythian

SCYTH'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Scythia, a name given to the northern part of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia.

Scythian

SCYTH'IAN, noun [See Scot.] A native of Scythia.

Sdain

SDAIN, for disdain. [Italian sdegnare.] [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sdeinful

SDEINFUL, for disdainful. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sea

SEA, n. see. [Saxon soe, secge; German see; Dutch zee; Swedish si?, the sea, a lake or pool; Basque, sah; contracted from soeg, seeg. Hence Saxon garsege, garsecge, garsegg, the ocean. This word, like lake, signifies primarily a seat, set or lay, a repository, a bason.]

1. A large bason, cistern or laver which Solomon made in the temple, so large as to contain more than six thousand gallons. This was called the brazen sea, and used to hold water for the priests to wash themselves. 1 Kings 7:2 Chronicles 4.

2. A large body of water, nearly inclosed by land, as the Baltic or the Mediterranean; as the sea of Azof. Seas are properly branches of the ocean, and upon the same level. Large bodies of water inland, and situated above the level of the ocean, are lakes. The appellation of sea, given to the Caspian lake, is an exception, and not very correct. So the lake of Galilee is called a sea, from the Greek.

3. The ocean; as, to go to sea. The fleet is at sea, or on the high seas.

4. A wave; a billow; a surge. The vessel shipped a sea.

5. The swell of the ocean in a tempest, or the direction of the waves; as, we head the sea.

6. Proverbially, a large quantity of liquor; as a sea of blood.

7. A rough or agitated place or element.

In a troubled sea of passion tost.

Milton.

Half seas over, half drunk. [A low phrase.]

Spectator.

On the high seas, in the open sea, the common highway of nations.

Sea-Anemony

SEA-ANEM'ONY, noun The animal flower, which see.

Sea-Ape

SE'A-APE, noun [sea and ape.] The name given to a marine animal which plays tricks like an ape.

Encyc.

Sea-Bank

SE'A-BANK, noun [sea and bank.] The sea shore.

Shak.

2. A bank or mole to defend against the sea.

Sea-Bar

SE'A-BAR, noun [sea and bar.] The sea-swallow, [Hirundo piscis.]

Johnson.

Sea-Bat

SE'A-BAT, noun [sea and bat.] A sort of flying fish.

Cotgrave.

Sea-Bathed

SEA-BA'THED, adjective [sea and bathe.] Bathed, dipped or washed in the sea.

Sandys.

Sea-Bear

SE'A-BEAR, noun [sea and bear.] An animal of the bear kind that frequents the sea; the white or polar bear; also, the ursine seal.

Sea-Beard

SE'A-BEARD, noun [sea and beard.] A marine plant, Conferva rupestris.

Lee.

Sea-Beast

SE'A-BEAST, noun [sea and beast.] A beast or monstrous animal of the sea.

Milton.

Sea-Beat

SE'A-BEAT, or SE'A-BEATEN, adjective [sea and beat.] Beaten by the sea; lashed by the waves.

Along the sea-beat shore.

Pope.

Seaboard

SE'ABOARD, noun [sea and French bord, side.] The sea shore.

Seaboard

SE'ABOARD, adverb Towards the sea.

Sea-Boat

SE'A-BOAT, noun [sea and boat.] A vessel that bears the sea firmly, without laboring or straining her masts and rigging.

Mar. Dict.

Sea-Bord

SE'A-BORD, or SEA-BORD'ERING, adjective [sea and French bord, border.] Bordering on the sea or ocean.

Sea-Born

SE'A-BORN, adjective [sea and born.] Born of the sea; produced by the sea; as Neptune and his sea-born niece.

Waller.

2. Born at sea.

Sea-Bound

SE'A-BOUND, or SE'A-BOUNDED, adjective [sea and bound.] Bounded by the sea.

Sea-Boy

SE'A-BOY, noun [sea and boy.] A boy employed on shipboard.

Sea-Breach

SE'A-BREACH, noun [sea and breach.] Irruption of the sea by breaking the banks.

L'Estrange.

Sea-Bream

SE'A-BREAM, noun [sea and bream.] A fish of the Sparus kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sea-Breeze

SE'A-BREEZE, noun [sea and breeze.] A wind or current of air blowing from the sea upon land; for the most part blowing during the day only, and subsiding at night.

Sea-Built

SE'A-BUILT, adjective [sea and built.] Built for the sea; as sea-built forts, [ships.]

Dryden.

Sea-Cabbage

SEA-CAB'BAGE, or SE'A-CALE, noun [sea and cabbage.] Sea-colewort, a plant of the genus Crambe.

Encyc. Miller.

Sea-Calf

SE'A-C`ALF, noun [sea and calf.] The common seal, a species of Phoca.

Sea-Cap

SE'A-CAP, noun [sea and cap.] A cap made to be worn at sea.

Shak.

Sea-Card

SE'A-C`ARD, noun [sea and card.] The mariner's card or compass.

Sea-Carp

SE'A-C`ARP, noun [sea and carp.] A spotted fish living among rocks and stones.

Johnson.

Sea-Change

SE'A-CHANGE, noun [sea and change.] A change wrought by the sea.

Sea-Chart

SE'A-CH`ART, noun [sea and chart.] A chart or map on which the line of the shore, isles, shoals, harbors, &c. are delineated.

[Note. This word has become useless, as we now use chart for a representation of the sea coast, and map for a representation of the land.]

Sea-Circled

SE'A-CIRCLED, adjective [sea and circle.] Surrounded by the sea.

Sandys.

Sea-Coal

SE'A-COAL, noun [sea and coal.] Coal brought by sea; a vulgar name for fossil coal, in distinction from charcoal.

Sea-Coast

SE'A-COAST, noun [sea and coast.] The shore or border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean.

Sea-Cob

SE'A-COB, noun [sea and cob.] A fowl, called also sea-gull.

Sea-Colewort

SE'A-COLEWORT, noun See-cale, which see.

Sea-Compass

SE'A-COMPASS, noun [sea and compass.] The mariner's card and needle; the compass constructed for use at sea.

Camden.

Sea-Coot

SE'A-COOT, noun [sea and coot.] A sea fowl, [Fulica marina.]

Sea-Cormorant

SEA-COR'MORANT, noun [sea and cormorant.]

The sea-crow or sea-drake, [Corvus marinus.]

Sea-Cow

SE'A-COW, noun [sea and cow.] The Trichechus manatus, or manati. [See Manati.]

Sea-Crow

SE'A-CROW, noun [sea and crow.] A fowl of the gull kind; the mire-crow or pewet.

Encyc.

Sea-Devil

SE'A-DEVIL, noun [sea and devil.] The fishing frog or toad-fish, of the genus Lophius; a fish of a deformed shape, resembling a tadpole, growing to a large size, with a head larger than the whole body.

Encyc.

Sea-Dog

SE'A-DOG, noun [sea and dog.] A fish, perhaps the shark.

Pope. Roscommon.

2. The sea-calf or common seal.

Sea-Dragon

SE'A-DRAGON, noun [sea and dragon.] A marine monster caught in England in 1749, resembling in some degree an alligator, but having two large fins which served for swimming or flying. It had two legs terminating in hoofs, like those of an ass. Its body was covered with impenetrable scales, and it had five rows of teeth. Qu.

Gent. Magazine.

Sea-Ear

SE'A-EAR, noun [sea and ear.] A sea plant, [Auris marina.]

Johnson.

Sea-Eel

SE'A-EEL, noun [sea and eel.] An eel caught in salt water; the conger.

Sea-Encircled

SEA-ENCIR'CLED, adjective [sea and encircled.] Encompassed by the sea.

Thomson.

Sea-Farer

SE'A-FARER, noun [sea and fare.] One that follows the seas; a mariner.

Pope.

Sea-Faring

SE'A-FARING, adjective [supra.] Following the business of a seaman; customarily employed in navigation.

Arbuthnot.

Sea-Fennel

SE'A-FENNEL, noun [sea and fennel.] The same as samphire.

Sea-Fight

SE'A-FIGHT, noun [sea and fight.] An engagement between ships at sea; a naval action.

Bacon.

Sea-Fish

SE'A-FISH, noun [sea and fish.] Any marine fish; any fish that lives usually in salt water.

Sea-Fowl

SE'A-FOWL, noun [sea and fowl.] A marine fowl; any fowl that lives by the sea, and procures its food from salt water.

Pope.

Sea-Fox

SE'A-FOX, noun A species of squalus, having a tail longer than the body.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sea-Gage

SE'A-GAGE, noun [sea and gage.] The depth that a vessel sinks in the water.

Encyc.

Sea-Garland

SE'A-G`ARLAND, noun [sea and garland.] A plant.

Sea-Girdles

SE'A-GIRDLES, noun [sea and girdle.] A sort of sea mushroom, [Fungus phasganoides.]

Johnson.

Sea-Girt

SE'A-GIRT, adjective [sea and girt.] Surrounded by the water of the sea or ocean; as a sea-girt isle.

Milton.

Sea-God

SE'A-GOD, noun [sea and god.] A marine deity; a fabulous being supposed to preside over the ocean or sea; as Neptune.

Sea-Gown

SE'A-GOWN, noun [sea and gown.] A gown or garment with short sleeves, worn by mariners.

Shak.

Sea-Grass

SE'A-GR`ASS, noun [sea and grass.] A plant growing on the sea shore; an aquatic plant of the genus Ruppia.

Lee.

Sea-Green

SE'A-GREEN, adjective [sea and green.] Having the color of sea water; being of a faint green color.

Locke. Pope.

Sea-Green

SE'A-GREEN, noun The color of sea water.

2. A plant, the saxifrage.

Sea-Gull

SE'A-GULL, noun [sea and gull.] A fowl of the genus Larus; a species of gull; called also sea-crow.

Sea-Hare

SE'A-HARE, noun [sea and hare.] A marine animal of the genus Laplysia, whose body is covered with membranes reflected; it has a lateral pore on the right side, and four feelers resembling ears. The body is nearly oval, soft, gelatinous and punctated. Its juice is poisonous, and it is so fetid as to cause nausea.

Encyc.

Sea-Hedgehog

SEA-HEDGEHOG, noun A sea shell, a species of Echinus, so called from its prickles, which resemble in some measure those of the hedgehog or urchin.

Carew.

Sea-Hen

SE'A-HEN, noun [sea and hen.] Another name of the guillemot.

Sea-Hog

SE'A-HOG, noun [sea and hog.] The porpess, which see.

Sea-Holly

SE'A-HOLLY, noun [sea and holly.] A plant of the genus Eryngium.

Lee.

Sea-Holm

SE'A-HOLM, noun [sea and Danish holm, an isle.] A small uninhabited isle.

2. Sea-holly.

Carew.

Sea-Horse

SE'A-HORSE, noun [sea and horse.] In ichthyology, the morse, a species of Trichechus or walrus.

Woodward.

2. The hippopotamus, or river-horse.

3. A fish of the needle-fish kind, four or five inches in length, and half an inch in diameter.

Hill.

A fish of the genus Syngnathus. (S. hippocampus, Linne.)

Sea-Legs

SE'A-LEGS, noun [sea and leg.] The ability to walk on a ship's deck when pitching or rolling.

Mar. Dict.

Sea-Lemon

SE'A-LEMON, noun [sea and lemon.] A marine animal of the genus Doris, having an oval body, convex, marked with numerous punctures, and of a lemon color.

Encyc.

Sea-Like

SE'A-LIKE, adjective [sea and like.] Resembling the sea.

Thomson.

Sea-Lion

SE'A-LION, noun [sea and lion.] An animal of the genus Phoca or seal, which has a mane like a lion, the Phoca jubata.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Sea-Maid

SE'A-MAID, noun [sea and maid.] The mermaid. [See Mermaid.]

Shak.

2. A sea nymph.

Sea-Mall

SE'A-MALL, or SE'A-MEW, noun A fowl, a species of gull or Larus.

Seaman

SE'AMAN, noun [sea and man.] A sailor; a mariner; a man whose occupation is to assist in the management of ships at sea.

2. By way of distinction, a skillful mariner; also, a man who is well versed in the art of navigating ships. In this sense, it is applied both to officers and common mariners.

3. Merman, the male of the mermaid. [Little used.]

Locke.

Seamanship

SE'AMANSHIP, noun The skill of a good seaman; an acquaintance with the art of managing and navigating a ship; applicable both to officers and to men. Naval skill, is the art of managing a fleet, particularly in an engagement; a very different thing from seamanship.

Sea-Mark

SE'A-M`ARK, noun [sea and mark.] Any elevated object on land which serves for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sailing along or approaching a coast; a beacon; as a light-house, a mountain, &c.

Encyc.

Sea-Mew

SE'A-MEW, noun A fowl, a species of gull or Larus.

Sea-Monster

SE'A-MONSTER, noun [sea and monster.] A huge marine animal. Lamentations 4.

Sea-Moss

SE'A-MOSS, noun [sea and moss.] A name given to coral. [See Coral.]

Sea-Mouse

SE'A-MOUSE, noun [sea and mouse.] A marine animal of the genus Aphrodita.

Encyc.

Sea-Navelwort

SEA-NAVELWORT, noun [sea, navel and wort.]

A plant growing in Syria, which is said to effect great cures. [Latin androsaces.]

Johnson.

Sea-Needle

SE'A-NEEDLE, noun [sea and needle.] A name of the gar or garfish, of the genus Esox. This fish has a slender body, with long pointed jaws and a forked tail. Its back is of a fine green color, and when in the water, its colors are extremely beautiful.

Sea-Nettle

SE'A-NETTLE, noun [sea and nettle.] Another name of the animal flower, or sea-anemony.

Encyc.

Sea-Nursed

SE'A-NURSED, adjective [sea and nursed.] Nursed by the sea.

J. Barlow.

Sea-Nymph

SE'A-NYMPH, noun [sea and nymph.] A nymph or goddess of the sea.

Broome.

Sea-Onion

SE'A-ONION, noun [sea and onion.] A plant.

Ainsworth.

Sea-Ooze

SE'A-OOZE, noun [sea and ooze.] The soft mud on or near the sea shore.

Mortimer.

Sea-Otter

SE'A-OTTER, noun [sea and otter.] A species of otter that has hind feet like those of a seal. It feeds on shell fish.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sea-Owl

SE'A-OWL, noun [sea and owl.] Another name of the lump-fish.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sea-Pad

SE'A-PAD, noun The star-fish. [Stella marina.]

Johnson.

Sea-Panther

SE'A-PANTHER, noun [sea and panther.] A fish like a lamprey.

Johnson.

Sea-Pheasant

SE'A-PHEASANT, noun [sea and pheasant.] The pin-tailed duck.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sea-Pie

SE'A-PIE, or SE'A-PYE, noun [sea and pie, pica.] A fowl of the genus Haematopus, and grallic order; called also the oystercatcher, from its thrusting its beak into oysters when open, and taking out the animal.

Sea-Pie

SE'A-PIE, noun [sea and pie.] A dish of food consisting of paste and meat boiled together; so named because common at sea.

Sea-Piece

SE'A-PIECE, noun [sea and piece.] A picture representing a scene at sea.

Addison.

Sea-Plant

SE'A-PLANT, noun [sea and plant.] A plant that grows in salt water, as the fucus, conferva, &c.

Sea-Pool

SE'A-POOL, noun [sea and pool.] A lake of salt water.

Spenser.

Seaport

SE'APORT, noun [sea and port.] A harbor near the sea, formed by an arm of the sea or by a bay.

2. A city or town situated on a harbor, on or near the sea. We call a town a seaport, instead of a seaport town.

Sea-Resembling

SEA-RESEM'BLING, adjective Like the sea; sea-like.

Sandys.

Sea-Risk

SE'A-RISK, noun [sea and risk.] Hazard or risk at sea; danger of injury or destruction by the sea.

Sea-Robber

SE'A-ROBBER, noun [sea and robber.] A pirate; one that robs on the high seas.

Sea-Rocket

SE'A-ROCKET, noun A plant of the genus Bunias.

Lee. Miller.

Sea-Room

SE'A-ROOM, noun [sea and room.] Ample space or distance from land, shoals or rocks, sufficient for a ship to drive or scud without danger of shipwreck.

Mar. Dict.

Sea-Rover

SE'A-ROVER, noun [sea and rover.] A pirate; one that cruizes for plunder.

2. A ship or vessel that is employed in cruizing for plunder.

Sea-Ruff

SE'A-RUFF, noun A kind of sea fish. [Latin orphus.]

Johnson.

Sea-Scorpion

SEA-SCOR'PION, noun [sea and scorpion.] Another name for the fatherlasher.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sea-Serpent

SE'A-SERPENT, noun [sea and serpent.] A huge animal like a serpent inhabiting the sea.

Guthrie.

Sea-Service

SE'A-SERVICE, noun [sea and service.] Naval service; service in the navy or in ships of war.

Sea-Shark

SE'A-SH`ARK, noun [sea and shark.] A ravenous sea fish.

Shak.

Sea-Shell

SE'A-SHELL, noun [sea and shell.] A marine shell; a shell that grows in the sea.

Mortimer.

Sea-Shore

SEA-SHO'RE, noun [sea and shore.] The coast of the sea; the land that lies adjacent to the sea or ocean.

Locke.

Sea-Sick

SE'A-SICK, adjective [sea and sick.] Affected with sickness or nausea by means of the pitching or rolling of a vessel.

Dryden. Swift.

Sea-Sickness

SE'A-SICKNESS, noun The sickness or nausea occasioned by the pitching and rolling of a ship in an agitated sea.

Sea-Side

SE'A-SIDE, noun [sea and side.] The land bordering on the sea; the country adjacent to the sea, or near it.

Scripture. Pope.

Sea-Star

SE'A-ST`AR, noun [sea and star.] The starfish, a genus of marine animals, called technically Asterias.

Sea-Surgeon

SEA-SUR'GEON, noun [sea and surgeon.] A surgeon employed on shipboard.

Wiseman.

Sea-Surrounded

SEA-SURROUND'ED, adjective [sea and surround.] Encompassed by the sea.

Sea-Term

SE'A-TERM, noun [sea and term.] A word or term used appropriately by seamen, or peculiar to the art of navigation.

Sea-Thief

SE'A-THIEF, noun [sea and thief.] A pirate.

Bp. of Chichester.

Sea-Toad

SE'A-TOAD, noun [sea and toad.] An ugly fish, so called.

Cotgrave.

Sea-Torn

SE'A-TORN, adjective [sea and torn.] Torn by or at sea.

Browne.

Sea-Tossed

SE'A-TOSSED, adjective [sea and tossed.] Tossed by the sea.

Shak.

Sea-Urchin

SE'A-URCHIN, noun [sea and urchin.] A genus of marine animals, the Echinus, of many species. The body is roundish, covered with a bony crust, and often set with movable prickles.

Encyc.

Sea-Walled

SE'A-WALLED, adjective [sea and walled.] Surrounded or defended by the sea.

Shak.

Seaward

SE'AWARD, adjective [sea and ward.] Directed towards the sea.

Donne.

Seaward

SE'AWARD, adverb Towards the sea.

Drayton.

Sea-Water

SE'A-WATER, noun [sea and water.] Water of the sea or ocean, which is salt.

Bacon.

Sea-Weed

SE'A-WEED, noun [sea and weed.] A marine plant of the genus Fucus, used as manure, and for making glass and soap. A common name for the marine algae, and some other plants growing in salt water.

Sea-Withwind

SE'A-WITHWIND, noun Bindweed.

Sea-Wolf

SE'A-WOLF, noun [sea and wolf. See Wolf.] A fish of the genus Anarrhicas, found in northern latitudes, about Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, England, &c. This fish is so named from its fierceness and ravenousness. It grows sometimes to the length of four and even seven feet, and feeds on crustaceous animals and shell fish.

Encyc.

Sea-Wormwood

SEA-WORM'WOOD, noun A sort of wormwood growing in the sea, the Artemisia maritima.

Johnson. Lee.

Seaworthy

SE'AWORTHY, adjective [sea and worthy.] Fit for a voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo with safety; as a seaworthy ship.

Seal

SEAL, noun [Saxon seol, sele, syle; Swedish si?l.] The common name for the species of the genus Phoca. These animals are amphibious, most of them inhabiting the sea coasts, particularly in the higher latitudes. They have six cutting teeth in the upper jaw, and four in the lower. Their hind feet are placed at the extremity of the body, in the same direction with it, and serve the purpose of a caudal fin; the fore feet are also adapted for swimming, and furnished each with five claws; the external ears are either very small or wanting. There are numerous species; as the leonina, sometimes 18 feet in length, and the jubata, sometimes 25 feet in length, with a mane like a lion, both called sea-lion, and found in the southern seas, and also in the N. Pacific; the ursina, or sea bear, 8 or 9 feet in length, and covered with long, thick and bristly hair, found in the N. Pacific; and the common seal (P. vitulina,) from 4 to 6 feet in length, found generally throughout the Atlantic and the seas and bays communicating with it, covered with short, stiff, glossy hair, with a smooth head without external ears, and with the fore legs deeply immersed in the skin. Seals are much sought after for their skins and fur.

Ed. Encyc. Encyc.

Seal

SEAL, noun [Saxon sigel, sigle; German siegel; Dutch zegel; Danish seigl, segl; French sceau; Armoric syell; Latin sigillum; Italian sigillo; Spanish sigilo. It is uncertain what was the original signification of seal, whether an image, or some ornament. In Saxon, the word signifies a necklace, or ornament for the neck, a stud or boss, a clasp, and a seal.]

1. A piece of metal or other hard substance, usually round or oval, on which is engraved some image or device, and sometimes a legend or inscription. This is used by individuals, corporate bodies and states, for making impressions on wax upon instruments of writing, as an evidence of their authenticity. The king of England has his great seal and his privy seal. Seals are sometimes worn in rings.

2. The wax set to an instrument, and impressed or stamped with a seal. Thus we give a deed under hand and seal. Wax is generally used in sealing instruments, but other substances may be used.

3. The wax or wafer that makes fast a letter or other paper.

4. Any act of confirmation.

Milton.

5. That which confirms, ratifies or makes stable; assurance. 2 Timothy 2.

6. That which effectually shuts, confines or secures; that which makes fast. Revelation 20.

Seal

SEAL, verb transitive [Swedish besegla, f?rsegla; Danish besegler, forsegler; German siegeln; Dutch zegelen. The root signifies probably to set, to fix, to impress, or to cut or engrave.]

1. To fasten with a seal; to attach together with a wafer or with wax; as, to seal a letter.

2. To set or affix a seal as a mark of authenticity; as, to seal a deed. Hence,

3. To confirm; to ratify; to establish.

And with my hand I seal our true hearts' love.

Shak.

When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you into Spain. Romans 15.

4. To shut or keep close; sometimes with up. Seal your lips; seal up your lips.

Shak.

Open your ears, and seal your bosom upon the secret concerns of a friend.

Dwight.

5. To make fast.

So they went and made the sepulcher sure, sealing the stone and setting a watch. Matthew 27.

6. To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard exactness, legal size, or merchantable quality. By our laws, weights and measures are to be sealed by an officer appointed and sworn for that purpose; and lether is to be sealed by a like officer, as evidence that it has been inspected and found to be of good quality.

Laws of Conn.

7. To keep secret.

Shut up the words, and seal the book. Danish xii. Isaiah 8.

8. To mark as one's property, and secure from danger. Cant. iv.

9. To close; to fulfill; to complete; with up. Danish ix.

10. To imprint on the mind; as, to seal instruction. Job 33.

11. To inclose; to hide; to conceal. Job 14.

12. To confine; to restrain. Job 37.

13. In architecture, to fix a piece of wood or iron in a wall with cement.

Encyc.

Seal

SEAL, verb intransitive To fix a seal.

I will seal unto this bond. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Sealed

SE'ALED, participle passive Furnished with a seal; fastened with a seal; confirmed; closed.

Sealer

SE'ALER, noun One who seals; an officer in chancery who seals writs and instruments.

2. In New England, an officer appointed by the town or other proper authority, to examine and try weights and measures, and set a stamp on such as are according to the standards established by the state; also, an officer who inspects lether and stamps such as is good. These are called sealers of weights and measures, and sealers of lether.

Sealing

SE'ALING, participle of the present tense Fixing a seal; fastening with a seal; confirming; closing; keeping secret; fixing a piece of wood or iron in a wall with cement.

Sealing

SE'ALING, noun [from seal, the animal.] The operation of taking seals and curing their skins.

Sealing-Voyage

SE'ALING-VOYAGE, noun A voyage for the purpose of killing seals and obtaining their skins.

Sealing-Wax

SE'ALING-WAX, noun [seal and wax.] A compound of gum lac and the red oxyd of mercury; used for fastening a folded letter and thus concealing the writing, and for receiving impressions of seals set to instruments. Sealing wax is hard or soft, and may be of any color.

Seam

SEAM, noun [Saxon seam; Dutch zoom; German saum; Danish sÃƒ-¶m; Swedish s?m, a seam, a suture; s?ma, to sew. The German saum signifies a hem or border. The word probably signifies the uniting by sewing. In Danish, sÃƒ-¶mmer signifies to hem, and to beseem, to be seemly, to become, to be suitable. We see then that seam and seem, are from one root. The primary sense is to meet, to come or put together. See Same and Assemble. Class Sm. No. 33. 40.]

1. The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the needle.

Dryden.

The coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. John 19.

2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's side or deck; or rather the intervals between the edges of boards or planks in a floor, &c. The seams of ships are filled with oakum, and covered with pitch.

3. In mines, a vein or stratum of metal, ore, coal and the like.

Encyc. Kirwan.

4. A cicatrix or scar.

5. A measure of eight bushels of corn; or the vessel that contains it. [Not used in America.]

A seam of glass, the quantity of 120 pounds, or 24 stone of five pounds each. [Not used in America.]

Encyc.

Seam

SEAM, noun [Saxon seim; Welsh saim.] Tallow; grease; lard. [Not in use.]

Shak. Dryden.

Seam

SEAM, verb transitive To form a seam; to sew or otherwise unite.

2. To mark with a cicatrix; to scar; as seamed with wounds.

Pope.

Seaman

SEAMAN. [See under Sec.]

Seamed

SE'AMED, participle passive Marked with seams; having seams or scars.

Seaming

SE'AMING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with scars; making seams.

Seamless

SE'AMLESS, adjective Having no seam; as the seamless garment of Christ.

Seam-Rent

SE'AM-RENT, noun [seam and rent.] The rent of a seam; the separation of a suture.

Seamster

SE'AMSTER, noun One that sews well, or whose occupation is to sew.

Seamstress

SE'AMSTRESS, noun [that is, seamsteress; Saxon seamestre.] A woman whose occupation is sewing.

Seamy

SE'AMY, adjective Having a seam; containing seams or showing them.

Shak.

Sean

SEAN, noun A net. [See Seine.]

Seapoy

SE'APOY, or SE'POY, noun [Pers. sipahi; Hindoo, sepahai.] A native of India in the military service of an European power, and disciplined after the European manner.

Sear

SEAR, verb transitive [Saxon searan; Greek, to dry; to dry, to parch; dry; the sun; to dry. Qu. Latin torreo, in a different dialect.]

1. To burn to dryness and hardness the surface of any thing; to cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, or makes it hard; as, to sear the skin or flesh.

I'm sear'd with burning steel.

Rowe.

Sear is allied to scorch in signification; but it is applied primarily to animal flesh, and has special reference to the effect of heat in making the surface hard. Scorch is applied to flesh, cloth or any other substance, and has no reference to the effect of hardness.

2. To wither; to dry.

Shak.

3. To make callous or insensible.

Having their conscience seared with a hot iron. 1 Timothy 4.

To sear up, to close by searing or cauterizing; to stop.

Cherish veins of good humor, and sear up those of ill.

Temple.

Sear

SEAR, adjective Dry; withered.

Milton. Ray.

Searce

SEARCE, v. t. sers. To sift; to bolt; to separate the fine part of meal from the coarse. [Little used.]

Mortimer.

Searce

SEARCE, n. sers. A sieve; a bolter. [Little used.]

Searcer

SEARCER, n. sers'er. One that sifts or bolts. [Little used.]

Search

SEARCH, v. t. serch. [French chercher; Italian cercare; Armoric kerchat, to seek, to ramble.]

1. To look over or through for the purpose of finding something; to explore; to examine by inspection; as, to search the house for a book; to search the wood for a thief.

Send thou men, that they may search the land of Canaan. Numbers 13.

2. To inquire; to seek for.

Enough is left besides to search and know.

Milton.

3. To probe; to seek the knowledge of by feeling with an instrument; as, to search a wound.

Shak.

4. To examine; to try. Psalm 139.

To search out, to seek till found, or to find by seeking; as, to search out truth.

Watts.

Search

SEARCH, v. i. serch. To seek; to look for; to make search.

Once more search with me.

Shak.

2. To make inquiry; to inquire.

It suffices that they have once with care sifted the matter, and searched into all the particulars.

Locke.

To search for, to look for; to seek; to try to find; as, to search for a gentleman now in the house.

Shak.

Search

SEARCH, n. serch. A seeking or looking for something that is lost, or the place of which is unknown; with for or after; as a search for lost money; a search for mines of gold and silver; a search after happiness or knowledge.

2. Inquiry; a seeking. He spent his life in search of truth.

3. Quest; pursuit for finding.

Nor did my search of liberty begin,

Till my black hairs were chang'd upon my chin.

Dryden.

Searchable

SEARCHABLE, a. serch'able. That may be searched or explored.

Cotgrave.

Searched

SEARCHED, pp. serch'ed. Looked over carefully; explored; examined.

Searcher

SEARCHER, n. serch'er. One who searches, explores or examines for the purpose of finding something.

2. A seeker; an inquirer.

Watts.

3. An examiner; a trier; as the Searcher of hearts.

4. An officer in London, appointed to examine the bodies of the dead, and report the cause of their death.

Graunt.

5. An officer of the customs, whose business is to search and examine ships outward bound, to ascertain whether they have prohibited goods on board, also baggage, goods, &c.

6. An inspector of lether. [Local.]

7. In military affairs, an instrument for examining ordnance, to ascertain whether guns have any cavities in them.

Encyc.

8. An instrument used in the inspection of butter, &c. to ascertain the quality of that which is contained in firkins. [Local.]

Mass.

Searching

SEARCHING, ppr. serch'ing. Looking into or over; exploring; examining; inquiring; seeking; investigating.

2. adjective Penetrating; trying; close; as a searching discourse.

Searching

SEARCHING, n. serch'ing. Examination; severe inquisition. Judges 5.

Searchless

SEARCHLESS, a. serch'less. Inscrutable; eluding search or investigation.

Sear-Cloth

SE'AR-CLOTH, noun [Saxon sar-clath, sorecloth.]

A cloth to cover a sore; a plaster.

Mortimer.

Seared

SE'ARED, participle passive [from sear.] Burnt on the surface; cauterized; hardened.

Searedness

SE'AREDNESS, noun The state of being seared, cauterized or hardened; hardness; hence, insensibility.

Bp. Hall.

Season

SE'ASON, n. se'zn. [French saison; Armoric soesonn, saÃƒ-§zun; Portugese sazam, sezam, season, proper time, state of being seasoned; sazonar, to season, ripen, temper, sweeten, bring to maturity; Spanish sazon, season, maturity, taste, relish; sazonar, to season. The primary sense, like that of time and opportunity, is to fall, to come, to arrive, and this word seems to be allied to seize and assess; to fall on, to set on.]

Season literally signifies that which comes or arrives; and in this general sense, is synonymous with time. Hence,

1. A fit or suitable time; the convenient time; the usual or appointed time; as, the messenger arrived in season; in good season. This fruit is out of season.

2. Any time, as distinguished from others.

The season prime for sweetest scents and airs.

Milton.

3. A time of some continuance, but not long.

Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a season. Acts 13.

4. One of the four divisions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. The season is mild; it is cold for the season.

We saw, in six days' traveling, the several seasons of the year in their beauty.

Addison.

We distinguish the season by prefixing its appropriate name, as the spring-season, summer-season, &c.

To be in season, to be in good time, or sufficiently early for the purpose.

To be out of season, to be too late, beyond the proper time, or beyond the usual appointed time.

From the sense of convenience, is derived the following.

5. That which matures or prepares for the taste; that which gives a relish.

You lack the season of all nature, sleep.

Shak.

But in this sense, we now use seasoning.

Season

SE'ASON, verb transitive [French assaisonner; Spanish Portugese sazonar.]

1. To render palatable, or to give a higher relish to, by the addition or mixture of another substance more pungent or pleasant; as, to season meat with salt; to season any thing with spices. Leviticus 2.

2. To render more agreeable, pleasant or delightful; to give a relish or zest to by something that excites, animates or exhilarates.

You season still with sports your serious hours.

Dryden.

The proper use of wit is to season conversation.

Tillotson.

3. To render more agreeable, or less rigorous and severe; to temper; to moderate; to qualify by admixture.

When mercy seasons justice.

Shak.

4. To imbue; to tinge or taint.

Season their younger years with prudent and pious principles.

Taylor.

5. To fit for any use by time or habit; to mature; to prepare.

Who in want a hollow friend doth try,

Directly seasons him an enemy.

Shak.

6. To prepare for use by drying or hardening; to take out or suffer to escape the natural juices; as, to season timber.

7. To prepare or mature for a climate; to accustom to and enable to endure; as, to season the body to a particular climate. Long residence in the West Indies, or a fever, may season strangers.

Season

SE'ASON, verb intransitive To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted to a climate, as the human body.

2. To become dry and hard by the escape of the natural juices, or by being penetrated with other substance. Timber seasons well under cover in the air, and ship timber seasons in salt water.

3. To betoken; to savor. Obs.

Beaum.

Seasonable

SE'ASONABLE, adjective Opportune; that comes, happens or is done in good time, in due season or in proper time for the purpose; as a seasonable supply of rain.

Mercy is seasonable in the time of affliction.

Ecclus.

Seasonableness

SE'ASONABLENESS, noun Opportuneness of time; the state of being in good time, or in time convenient for the purpose or sufficiently early.

Addison.

Seasonably

SE'ASONABLY, adverb In due time; in time convenient; sufficiently early; as, to sow or plant seasonably.

Seasonage

SE'ASONAGE, noun Seasoning; sauce. [Not used.]

South.

Seasoned

SE'ASONED, participle passive Mixed or sprinkled with something that gives a relish; tempered; moderated; qualified; matured; dried and hardened.

Seasoner

SE'ASONER, noun He that seasons; that which seasons, matures or gives a relish.

Seasoning

SE'ASONING, participle of the present tense Giving a relish by something added; moderating; qualifying; maturing; drying and hardening; fitting by habit.

Seasoning

SE'ASONING, noun That which is added to any species of food to give it a higher relish; usually, something pungent or aromatic; as salt, spices or other aromatic herbs, acids, sugar, or a mixture of several things.

Arbuthnot.

2. Something added or mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment; as, wit or humor may serve as a seasoning to eloquence.

Political speculations are of so dry and austere a nature, that they will not go down with the public without frequent seasonings.

Addison.

Seat

SEAT, noun [Italian sedia; Spanish sede, sitio, from Latin sedes, situs; Swedish s?te; Danish soede; German sitz; Dutch zetel, zitplaats; Welsh sÃƒ-ªz; Irish saidh; Welsh with a prefix, gosod, whence gosodi, to set. See Set and Sit. The English seat retains the Roman pronunciation of situs, that is, seetus.]

1. That on which one sits; a chair, bench, stool or any other thing on which a person sits.

ChristÃ‚--overthrew the tables of the money changers and the seats of them that sold doves. Matthew 21.

2. The place of sitting; throne; chair of state; tribunal; post of authority; as the seat of justice; judgment-seat.

3. Mansion; residence; dwelling; abode; as Italy the seat of empire. The Greeks sent colonies to seek a new seat in Gaul.

In Alba he shall fix his royal seat.

Dryden.

4. Site; situation. The seat of Eden has never been incontrovertibly ascertained.

5. That part of a saddle on which a person sits.

6. In horsemanship, the posture or situation of a person on horseback.

Encyc.

7. A pew or slip in a church; a place to sit in.

8. The place where a thing is settled or established. London is the seat of business and opulence. So we say, the seat of the muses, the seat of arts, the seat of commerce.

Seat

SEAT, verb transitive To place on a seat; to cause to sit down. We seat ourselves; we seat our guests.

The guests were no sooner seated but they entered into a warm debate.

Arbuthnot.

2. To place in a post of authority, in office or a place of distinction. He seated his son in the professor's chair.

Then high was king Richard seated.

Shak.

3. To settle; to fix in a particular place or country. A colony of Greeks seated themselves in the south of Italy; another at Massilia in Gaul.

4. To fix; to set firm.

From their foundations, loosening to and fro,

They pluck'd the seated hills.

Milton.

5. To place in a church; to assign seats to. In New England, where the pews in churches are not private property, it is customary to seat families for a year or longer time; that is, assign and appropriate seats to their use.

6. To appropriate the pews in, to particular families; as, to seat a church.

7. To repair by making the seat new; as, to seat a garment.

8. To settle; to plant with inhabitants; as, to seat a country. [Not much used.]

Stith, Virg.

Seat

SEAT, verb intransitive To rest; to lie down. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Seated

SE'ATED, participle passive Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c.; set; fixed; settled; established; furnished with a seat.

Seating

SE'ATING, participle of the present tense Placing on a seat; setting; settling; furnishing with a seat; having its seats assigned to individuals, as a church.

Seaves

SEAVES, n. plu. [Swedish s?f; Danish siv; Hebrew suf.] Rushes. [Local.]

Seavy

SE'AVY, adjective Overgrown with rushes. [Local.]

Sebaceous

SEBA'CEOUS, adjective [Low Latin sebaceus, from sebum, sevum, tallow, Welsh saim. Qu. Ethiopic sebach, fat.] Made of tallow or fat; pertaining to fat.

Sebaceous humor, a suet-like or glutinous matter secreted by the sebaceous glands, which serves to defend the skin and keep it soft.

Coxe. Parr.

Sebaceous glands, small glands seated in the cellular membrane under the skin, which secrete the sebaceous humor.

Parr.

Sebacic

SEBAC'IC, adjective [supra.] In chimistry, pertaining to fat; obtained from fat; as the sebacic acid.

Lavoisier.

Sebate

SE'BATE, noun [supra.] In chimistry, a salt formed by the sebacic acid and a base.

Hooper. Lavoisier.

Sebesten

SEBES'TEN, noun The Assyrian plum, a plant of the genus Cordia, a species of jujube.

Lee. Coxe.

Secant

SE'CANT, adjective [Latin secans, seco, to cut or cut off, coinciding with saw.] Cutting; dividing into two parts.

Secant

SE'CANT, noun [Italian French Spanish secante, supra.]

1. In geometry, a line that cuts another, or divides it into parts. The secant of a circle is a line drawn from the circumference on one side, to a point without the circumference on the other. In trigonometry, a secant is a right line drawn from the center of a circle, which, cutting the circumference, proceeds till it meets with a tangent to the same circle.

Encyc.

2. In trigonometry, the secant of an arc is a right line drawn from the center through one end of the arc, and terminated by a tangent drawn through the other end.

Secede

SECE'DE, verb intransitive [Latin secedo; se, from, and cedo, to move. Se is an inseparable preposition or prefix in Latin, but denoting departure or separation.]

To withdraw from fellowship, communion or association; to separate one's self; as, certain ministers seceded from the church of Scotland about the year 1733.

Seceder

SECE'DER, noun One who secedes. In Scotland, the seceders are a numerous body of presbyterians who seceded from the communion of the established church, about the year 1733.

Seceding

SECE'DING, participle of the present tense Withdrawing from fellowship or communion.

Secern

SECERN', verb transitive [Latin secerno; se and cerno, to separate.] In the animal economy, to secrete.

The mucus secerned in the noseÃ‚--is a laudable humor.

Arbuthnot.

Secerned

SECERN'ED, participle passive Separated; secreted.

Secernent

SECERN'ENT, noun That which promotes secretion; that which increases the irritative motions, which constitute secretion.

Darwin.

Secerning

SECERN'ING, participle of the present tense Separating; secreting; as secerning vessels.

Secession

SECES'SION, noun [Latin secessio. See Secede.]

1. The act of withdrawing, particularly from fellowship and communion.

Encyc.

2. The act of departing; departure.

Brown.

Secle

SE'CLE, noun [French siÃƒ-¨cle; Latin seculum.] A century. [Not in use.]

Hammond.

Seclude

SECLU'DE, verb transitive [Latin secludo; se and claudo, cludo, to shut.]

1. To separate, as from company or society, and usually to keep apart for some length of time, or to confine in a separate state; as, persons in low spirits seclude themselves from society.

Let eastern tyrants from the light of heav'n

Seclude their bosom slaves.

Thomson.

2. To shut out; to prevent from entering; to preclude.

Inclose your tender plants in your conservatory, secluding all entrance of cold.

Evelyn.

Secluded

SECLU'DED, participle passive Separated from others; living in retirement; shut out.

Secluding

SECLU'DING, participle of the present tense Separating from others; confining in solitude or in a separate state; preventing entrance.

Seclusion

SECLU'SION, n. s as z. The act of separating from society or connection; the state of being separate or apart; separation; a shutting out; as, to live in seclusion.

Seclusive

SECLU'SIVE, adjective That secludes or sequesters; that keeps separate or in retirement.

Second

SEC'OND, adjective [French from Latin secundus; Italian secondo; Spanish Portugese segundo; from Latin sequor, to follow. See Seek.]

1. That immediately follows the first; the next following the first in order of place or time; the ordinal of two. Take the second book from the shelf. Enter the second house.

And he slept and dreamed the second time. Genesis 41.

2. Next in value, power, excellence, dignity or rank; inferior. The silks of China are second to none in quality. Lord Chatham was second to none in eloquence. Dr. Johnson was second to none in intellectual powers, but second to many in research and erudition.

Second terms, in algebra, those where the unknown quantity has a degree of power less than it has in the term where it is raised to the highest.

Encyc.

At second-hand, in the second place of order; not in the first place, or by or from the first; by transmission; not primarily; not originally; as a report received at second-hand.

In imitation of preachers at second-hand, I shall transcribe from Bruyere a piece of raillery.

Tatler.

Second

SEC'OND, noun One who attends another in a duel, to aid him, mark out the ground or distance, and see that all proceedings between the parties are fair.

Watts. Addison.

2. One that supports or maintains another; that which supports.

Being sure enough of seconds after the first onset.

Wotton.

3. The sixtieth part of a minute of time or of a degree, that is, the second minÃƒ-ºte or small division next to the hour. Sound moves above 1140 English feet in a second.

4. In music, an interval of a conjoint degree, being the difference between any sound and the next nearest sound above or below it.

Busby. Encyc.

Second

SEC'OND, verb transitive [Latin secundo; French seconder; Italian secondare.]

1. To follow in the next place.

Sin is seconded with sin. [Little used.]

South.

2. To support; to lend aid to the attempt of another; to assist; to forward; to promote; to encourage; to act as the maintainer.

We have supplies to second our attempt.

Shak.

The attempts of Austria to circumscribe the conquests of Buonaparte, were seconded by Russia.

Anon.

In God's, one single can its ends produce,

Yet serves to second too some other use.

Pope.

3. In legislation, to support, as a motion or the mover. We say, to second a motion or proposition, or to second the mover.

Secondarily

SEC'ONDARILY, adverb [from secondary.] In the second degree or second order; not primarily or originally; not in the first intention. Duties on imports serve primarily to raise a revenue, and secondarily to encourage domestic manufactures and industry.

Secondariness

SEC'ONDARINESS, noun The state of being secondary.

Norris.

Secondary

SEC'ONDARY, adjective [Latin secundarius, from secundus.]

1. Succeeding next in order to the first; subordinate.

Where there is moral right on the one hand, not secondary right can discharge it.

L'Estrange.

2. Not primary; not of the first intention.

Two are the radical differences; the secondary differences are as four.

Bacon.

3. Not of the first order or rate; revolving about a primary planet. Primary planets revolve about the sun; secondary planets revolve about the primary.

4. Acting by deputation or delegated authority; as the work of secondary hands.

Milton.

5. Acting in subordination, or as second to another; as a secondary officer.

Encyc.

Secondary rocks, in geology, are those which were formed after the primary. They are always situated over or above the primitive and transition rocks; they abound with organic remains or petrifactions, and are supposed to be mechanical deposits from water.

Cleaveland.

A secondary fever, is that which arises after a crisis, or the discharge of some morbid matter, as after the declension of the small pox or measles.

Quincy.

Secondary circles, or secondaries, in astronomy, circles passing through the poles of any of the great circles of the sphere, perpendicular to the planes of those circles.

Secondary qualities, are the qualities of bodies which are not inseparable from them, but which proceed from casual circumstances, such as color, taste, odor, &c.

Secondary formations, in geology, formations of substances, subsequent to the primitive.

Secondary

SEC'ONDARY, noun A delegate or deputy; one who acts in subordination to another; as the secondaries of the court of king's bench and of common pleas.

Encyc.

2. A fether growing on the second bone of a fowl's wing.

Seconded

SEC'ONDED, participle passive Supported; aided.

Seconder

SEC'ONDER, noun One that supports what another attempts, or what he affirms, or what he moves or proposes; as the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion.

Second-Hand

SEC'OND-HAND, noun Possession received from the first possessor.

Johnson.

Second-Hand

SEC'OND-HAND, adjective Not original or primary; received from another.

They have but a second-hand or implicit knowledge.

Locke.

2. Not new; that has been used by another; as a second-hand book.

Secondly

SEC'ONDLY, adverb In the second place.

Bacon.

Second-Rate

SEC'OND-RATE, noun [second and rate.] The second order in size, dignity or value.

They call it thunder of the second-rate.

Addison.

So we say, a ship of the second-rate.

Second-Rate

SEC'OND-RATE, adjective Of the second size, rank, quality or value; as a second-rate ship; a second-rate cloth; a second-rate champion.

Dryden.

Second-Sight

SECOND-SIGHT, noun The power of seeing things future or distant; a power claimed by some of the highlanders in Scotland.

Addison.

Nor less avail'd his optic sleight,

And Scottish gift of second-sight.

Trumbull's M'Fingal.

Second-Sighted

SEC'OND-SIGHTED, adjective Having the power of second-sight.

Addison.

Secrecy

SE'CRECY, noun [from secret.] Properly, a state of separation; hence, concealment from the observation of others, or from the notice of any persons not concerned; privacy; a state of being hid from view. When used of an individual, secrecy implies concealment from all others; when used of two or more, it implies concealment from all persons except those concerned. Thus a company of counterfeiters carry on their villainy in secrecy.

The lady Anne,

Whom the king hath in secrecy long married.

Shak.

2. Solitude; retirement; seclusion from the view of others.

Milton.

3. Forbearance of disclosure or discovery.

It is not with public as with private prayer; in this, rather secrecy is commanded than outward show.

Hooker.

4. Fidelity to a secret; the act or habit of keeping secrets.

For secrecy no lady closer.

Shak.

Secret

SE'CRET, adjective [French secret; Italian Spanish Portugese secreto; Latin secretus. This is given as the participle of secerno, but it is radically a different word; Welsh segyr, that is apart, inclosed or sacred; segru, to secrete or put apart; sÃƒ-ªg, that is without access. The radical sense of sÃƒ-ªg is to separate, as in Latin seco, to cut off; and not improbably this word is contracted into the Latin se, a prefix in segrego, separo, &c.]

1. Properly, separate; hence, hid; concealed from the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individual or individuals concerned.

I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judges 3.

2. Unseen; private; secluded; being in retirement.

There secret in her sapphire cell,

He with the NaÃƒ-¯s wont to dwell.

Fenton.

3. Removed from sight; private; unknown.

Abide in a secret place, and hide thyself. 1 Samuel 19.

4. Keeping secrets; faithful to secrets entrusted; as secret Romans.

Shak.

[Unusual.]

5. Private; affording privacy.

Milton.

6. Occult; not seen; not apparent; as the secret operations of physical causes.

7. Known to God only.

Secret things belong to the Lord our God. Deuteronomy 29.

8. Not proper to be seen; kept or such as ought to be kept from observation.

Secret

SE'CRET, noun [French from Latin secretum.] Something studiously concealed. A man who cannot keep his own secrets, will hardly keep the secrets of others.

To tell our own secrets is often folly; to communicate those of others is treachery.

Rambler.

A talebearer revealeth secrets. Proverbs 11.

2. A thing not discovered and therefore unknown.

All secrets of the deep, all nature's works.

Milton.

Hast thou heard the secret of God? Job 15.

3. Secrets, plu., the parts which modesty and propriety require to be concealed.

In secret, in a private place; in privacy or secrecy; in a state or place not seen; privately.

Bread eaten in secret is pleasant. Proverbs 9.

Secret

SE'CRET, verb transitive To keep private. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Secretariship

SEC'RETARISHIP, noun The office of a secretary.

Swift.

Secretary

SEC'RETARY, noun [French secrÃƒ-©taire; Spanish Italian secretario; from Latin secretus, secret; originally a confident, one entrusted with secrets.]

1. A person employed by a public body, by a company or by an individual, to write orders, letters, dispatches, public or private papers, records and the like. Thus legislative bodies have secretaries, whose business is to record all their laws and resolves. Embassadors have secretaries.

2. An officer whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of government; as the secretary of state, who conducts the correspondence of a state with foreign courts; the secretary of the treasury, who manages the department of finance; the secretary of war, of the navy, &c.

Secrete

SECRE'TE, verb transitive To hide; to conceal; to remove from observation or the knowledge of others; as, to secrete stolen goods.

2. To secrete one's self; to retire from notice into a private place; to abscond.

3. In the animal economy, to secern; to produce from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents; as the glands. The liver secretes bile; the salivary glands secrete saliva.

Ed. Encyc.

Secreted

SECRE'TED, participle passive Concealed; secerned.

Secreting

SECRE'TING, participle of the present tense Hiding; secerning.

Secretion

SECRE'TION, noun The act of secerning; the act of producing from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mucus, urine, &c. This was considered by the older physiologists as merely a separation from the blood of certain substances previously contained in it; the literal meaning of secretion. But this opinion is now generally exploded. The organs of secretion are of very various form and structure, but the most general are those called glands.

Ed. Encyc.

2. The matter secreted, as mucus, perspirable matter, &c.

Secretist

SE'CRETIST, noun A dealer in secrets. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Secretitious

SECRETI'TIOUS, adjective Parted by animal secretion.

Floyer.

Secretly

SE'CRETLY, adverb Privately; privily; not openly; without the knowledge of others; as, to dispatch a messenger secretly.

2. Inwardly; not apparently or visibly; latently.

Now secretly with inward grief she pin'd.

Addison.

Secretness

SE'CRETNESS, noun The state of being hid or concealed.

2. The quality of keeping a secret.

Donne.

Secretory

SE'CRETORY, adjective Performing the office of secretion; as secretory vessels.

Ray.

Sect

SECT, noun [French secte; Italian setta; Latin Spanish secta; from Latin seco, to cut off, to separate.]

1. A body or number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philosophy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by holding sentiments different from those of other men. Most sects have originated in a particular person, who taught and propagated some peculiar notions in philosophy or religion, and who is considered to have been its founder. Among the Jews, the principal sects were the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. In Greece were the Cynic sect, founded by Antisthenes; and the Academic sect, by Plato. The Academic sect gave birth to the Peripatetic, and the Cynic to the Stoic.

Enfield.

2. A cutting or cion. [Not used.]

Shak.

Sectarian

SECTA'RIAN, adjective [Latin sectarius.] Pertaining to a sect or to sects; as sectarian principles or prejudices.

Sectarian

SECTA'RIAN, noun One of a sect; one of a party in religion which has separated itself from the established church, or which holds tenets different from those of the prevailing denomination in a kingdom or state.

Sectarianism

SECTA'RIANISM, noun The disposition to dissent from the established church or predominant religion, and to form new sects.

Sectarism

SECT'ARISM, noun Sectarianism. [Little used.]

Sectarist

SECT'ARIST, noun A sectary. [Not much used.]

Warton.

Sectary

SECT'ARY, noun [French sectaire.] A person who separates from an established church, or from the prevailing denomination of christians; one that belongs to a sect; a dissenter.

2. A follower; a pupil. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sectator

SECTA'TOR, noun [French sectateur.] A follower; a disciple; an adherent to a sect. [Not now used.]

Raleigh.

Sectile

SECT'ILE, adjective [Latin sectilis, from seco, to cut.] A sectile mineral is one that is midway between the brittle and the malleable, as soapstone and plumbago.

Phillips.

Section

SEC'TION, noun [French from Latin sectio; seco, to cut off.]

1. The act of cutting or of separating by cutting; as the section of bodies.

Wotton.

2. A part separated from the rest; a division.

3. In books and writings, a distinct part or portion; the subdivision of a chapter; the division of a law or other writing or instrument. In laws, a section is sometimes called a paragraph or article.

Boyle. Locke.

4. A distinct part of a city, town, country or people; a part of territory separated by geographical lines, or of a people considered as distinct. Thus we say, the northern or eastern section of the United States, the middle section, the southern or western section.

5. In geometry, a side or surface of a body or figure cut off by another; or the place where lines, planes, &c. cut each other.

Encyc.

Sectional

SEC'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a section or distinct part of a larger body or territory.

Sector

SECT'OR, noun [French secteur, from Latin seco, to cut.]

1. In geometry, a part of a circle comprehended between two radii and the arch; or a mixed triangle, formed by two radii and the arch of a circle.

Encyc.

2. A mathematical instrument so marked with lines of sines, tangents, secants, chords, &c. as to fit all radii and scales, and useful in finding the proportion between quantities of the same kind. The sector is founded on the fourth proposition of the sixth book of Euclid, where it is proved that similar triangles have their homologous sides proportional.

Encyc.

Secular

SEC'ULAR, adjective [French seculaire; Italian secolare; Spanish secular; Latin secularis, from seculum, the world or an age.]

1. Pertaining to this present world, or to things not spiritual or holy; relating to things not immediately or primarily respecting the soul, but the body; worldly. The secular concerns of life respect making provision for the support of life, the preservation of health, the temporal prosperity of men, of states, &c. Secular power is that which superintends and governs the temporal affairs of men, the civil or political power; and is contradistinguished from spiritual or ecclesiastical power.

2. Among catholics, not regular; not bound by monastic vows or rules; not confined to a monastery or subject to the rules of a religious community. Thus we say, the secular clergy, and the regular clergy.

Temple.

3. Coming once in a century; as a secular year.

Secular games, in Rome, were games celebrated once in an age or century, which lasted three days and nights, with sacrifices, theatrical shows, combats, sports, &c.

Valerius Maximus.

Secular music, any music or songs not adapted to sacred uses.

Secular song or poem, a song or poem composed for the secular games, or sung or rehearsed at those games.

Secular

SEC'ULAR, noun A church officer or officiate whose functions are confined to the vocal department of the choir.

Busby.

Secularity

SECULAR'ITY, noun Worldliness; supreme attention to the things of the present life.

Buchanan.

Secularization

SECULARIZA'TION, noun [from secularize.]

The act of converting a regular person, place or benefice into a secular one. Most cathedral churches were formerly regular, that is, the canons were of religious or monastic orders; but they have since been secularized. For the secularization of a regular church, there is wanted the authority of the pope, that of the prince, the bishop of the place, the patron, and even the consent of the people.

Encyc.

Secularize

SEC'ULARIZE, verb transitive [French seculariser; from secular.]

1. To make secular; to convert from spiritual appropriation to secular or common use; or to convert that which is regular or monastic into secular; as, the ancient regular cathedral churches were secularized.

At the reformation, the abbey was secularized.

Coxe, Switz.

2. To make worldly.

Secularized

SEC'ULARIZED, participle passive Converted from regular to secular.

Secularizing

SEC'ULARIZING, participle of the present tense Converting from regular or monastic to secular.

Secularly

SEC'ULARLY, adverb In a worldly manner.

Secularness

SEC'ULARNESS, noun A secular disposition; worldliness; worldly mindedness.

Secundine

SEC'UNDINE, noun [French secondines; from second, Latin secundus, from sequor, to follow.]

Secundines, in the plural, as generally used, are the several coats or membranes in which the fetus is wrapped in the womb; the after-birth.

Coxe. Encyc.

Secure

SECU'RE, adjective [Latin securus; Italian sicuro; Spanish seguro. It coincides in elements with the oriental and to shut or inclose, to make fast.]

1. Free from danger of being taken by an enemy; that may resist assault or attack. The place is well fortified and very secure. Gibraltar is a secure fortress. In this sense, secure is followed by against or from; as secure against attack, or from an enemy.

2. Free from danger; safe; applied to persons; with from.

3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger; not alarmed; not disturbed by fear; confident of safety; hence, careless of the means of defense. Men are often most in danger when they feel most secure.

Confidence then bore thee on, secure

To meet no danger.

Milton.

4. Confident; not distrustful; with of.

But thou, secure of soul, unbent with woes.

Dryden.

It concerns the most secure of his strength, to pray to God not to expose him to an enemy.

Rogers.

5. Careless; wanting caution. [See No. 3.]

6. Certain; very confident. He is secure of a welcome reception.

Secure

SECU'RE, verb transitive To guard effectually from danger; to make safe. Fortifications may secure a city; ships of war may secure a harbor.

I spread a cloud before the victor's sight,

Sustain'd the vanquish'd, and secur'd his flight.

Dryden.

2. To make certain; to put beyond hazard. Liberty and fixed laws secure to every citizen due protection of person and property. The first duty and the highest interest of men is to secure the favor of God by repentance and faith, and thus to secure to themselves future felicity.

3. To inclose or confine effectually; to guard effectually from escape; sometimes, to seize and confine; as, to secure a prisoner. The sherif pursued the thief with a warrant, and secured him.

4. To make certain of payment; as, to secure a debt by mortgage.

5. To make certain of receiving a precarious debt by giving bond, bail, surety or otherwise; as, to secure a creditor.

6. To insure, as property.

7. To make fast; as, to secure a door; to secure a rafter to a plate; to secure the hatches of a ship.

Secured

SECU'RED, participle passive Effectually guarded or protected; made certain; put beyond hazard; effectually confined; made fast.

Securely

SECU'RELY, adverb Without danger; safely; as, to pass a river on ice securely. But safely is generally used.

2. Without fear or apprehension; carelessly; in an unguared state; in confidence of safety.

His daring foe securely him defy'd.

Milton.

Devise not evil against thy neighbor, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee. Proverbs 3.

Securement

SECU'REMENT, noun Security; protection. [Not used.]

Brown.

Secureness

SECU'RENESS, noun Confidence of safety; exemption from fear; hence, want of vigilance or caution.

Bacon.

Securer

SECU'RER, noun He or that which secures or protects.

Securiform

SECU'RIFORM, adjective [Latin securis, an ax or hatchet, and form.]

In botany, having the form of an ax or hatchet.

Lee.

Security

SECU'RITY, noun [French sccuritÃƒ-©; Latin securitas.]

1. Protection; effectual defense or safety from danger of any kind; as a chain of forts erected for the security of the frontiers.

2. That which protects or guards from danger. A navy constitutes the security of Great Britian from invasion.

3. Freedom from fear or apprehension; confidence of safety; whence, negligence in providing means of defense. Security is dangerous, for it exposes men to attack when unprepared. Security in sin is the worst condition of the sinner.

4. Safety; certainty. We have no security for peace with Algiers, but the dread of our navy.

5. Any thing given or deposited to secure the payment of a debt, or the performance of a contract; as a bond with surety, a mortgage, the indorsement of a responsible man, a pledge, &c.

Blackstone.

6. Something given or done to secure peace or good behavior. Violent and dangerous men are obliged to give security for their good behavior, or for keeping the peace. This security consists in being bound with one or more sureties in a recognizance to the king or state.

Blackstone.

Sedan

SEDAN', noun [French from the Latin sedeo; like Latin esseda.]

A portable chair or covered vehicle for carrying a single person. It is borne on poles by two men.

Dryden. Encyc.

Sedate

SEDA'TE, adjective [Latin sedatus, from sedo, to calm or appease, that is, to set, to cause to subside.]

Settled; composed; calm; quiet; tranquil; still; serene; unruffled by passion; undisturbed; as a sedate soul, mind or temper. So we say, a sedate look or countenance.

Dryden. Watts.

Sedately

SEDA'TELY, adverb Calmly; without agitation of mind.

Locke.

Sedateness

SEDA'TENESS, noun Calmness of mind, manner or countenance; freedom from agitation; a settled state; composure; serenity; tranquillity; as sedateness of temper or soul; sedateness of countenance; sedateness of conversation.

Addison.

Sedation

SEDA'TION, noun The act of calming. [Not in use.]

Coles.

Sedative

SED'ATIVE, adjective [French sedatif, from Latin sedo, to calm.]

In medicine, moderating muscular action or animal energy.

Quincy. Coxe.

Sedative

SED'ATIVE, noun A medicine that moderates muscular action or animal energy.

Quincy. Coxe.

Se defendendo, in defending himself; the plea of a person charged with murder, who alledges that he committed the act in his own defense.

Sedentarily

SED'ENTARILY, adverb [from sedentary.] The state of being sedentary, or living without much action.

Sedentariness

SED'ENTARINESS, noun The state of being sedentary.

Sedentary

SED'ENTARY, adjective [French sedentaire; Italian Spanish sedentario; Latin sedentarius, from sedens, sedeo, to sit.]

1. Accustomed to sit much, or to pass most of the time in a sitting posture; as a sedentary man. Students, taylors and women are sedentary persons.

2. Requiring much sitting; as a sedentary occupation or employment.

3. Passed for the most part in sitting; as a sedentary life.

Arbuthnot.

4. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; as the sedentary earth.

Milton.

The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a remiss sedentary nature.

Spectator.

Sedge

SEDGE, noun [Saxon secg; perhaps from the root of Latin seco, to cut; that is, sword grass, like Latin gladiolus.]

1. A narrow flag, or growth of such flags; called in the north of England, seg or sag.

Johnson. Barret.

2. In New England, a species of very coarse grass growing in swamps, and forming bogs or clumps.

Sedged

SEDG'ED, adjective Composed of flags or sedge.

Shak.

Sedgy

SEDG'Y, adjective Overgrown with sedge.

On the gentle Severn's sedgy bank.

Shak.

Sediment

SED'IMENT, noun [French from Latin sedimentum, from sedeo, to settle.]

The matter which subsides to the bottom of liquors; settlings; lees; dregs.

Bacon.

Sedition

SEDI'TION, noun [French from Latin seditio. The sense of this word is the contrary of that which is naturally deducible from sedo, or sedeo, denoting a rising or raging, rather than an appeasing. But to set is really to throw down, to drive, and sedition may be a setting or rushing together.]

A factious commotion of the people, or a tumultuous assembly of men rising in opposition to law or the administration of justice, and in disturbance of the public peace. Sedition is a rising or commotion of less extent than an insurrection, and both are less than rebellion; but some kinds of sedition, in Great Britain, amount to high treason. In general, sedition is a local or limited insurrection in opposition to civil authority, as mutiny is to military. Ez. 4. Luke 23. Acts 24.

Encyc.

Seditionary

SEDI'TIONARY, noun An inciter or promoter of sedition.

Bp. Hall.

Seditious

SEDI'TIOUS, adjective [French seditieux; Latin seditiosus.]

1. Pertaining to sedition; partaking of the nature of sedition; as seditious behavior; seditious strife.

2. Tending to excite sedition; as seditious words.

3. Disposed to excite violent or irregular opposition to law or lawful authority; turbulent; factious, or guilty of sedition; as seditious citizens.

Seditiously

SEDI'TIOUSLY, adverb With tumultuous opposition to law; in a manner to violate the public peace.

Seditiousness

SEDI'TIOUSNESS, noun The disposition to excite popular commotion in opposition to law; or the act of exciting such commotion.

Seduce

SEDU'CE, verb transitive [Latin seduco; se, from, and duco, to lead; French seduire; Italian sedurre; Spanish seducir.]

1. To draw aside or entice from the path of rectitude and duty in any manner, by flattery, promises, bribes or otherwise; to tempt and lead to iniquity; to corrupt; to deprave.

Me the gold of France did not seduce.

Shak.

In the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits. 1 Timothy 4.

2. To entice to a surrender of chastity. He that can seduce a female is base enough to betray her.

Seduced

SEDU'CED, participle passive Drawn or enticed from virtue; corrupted; depraved.

Seducement

SEDU'CEMENT, noun The act of seducing; seduction.

2. The means employed to seduce; the arts of flattery, falsehood and deception.

Pope.

Seducer

SEDU'CER, noun One that seduces; one that by temptation or arts, entices another to depart from the path of rectitude and duty; pre-eminently, one that by flattery, promises or falsehood, persuades a female to surrender her chastity. The seducer of a female is little less criminal than the murderer.

2. That which leads astray; that which entices to evil.

He whose firm faith no reason could remove,

Will melt before that soft seducer, love.

Dryden.

Seducible

SEDU'CIBLE, adjective Capable of being drawn aside from the path of rectitude; corruptible.

Brown.

Seducing

SEDU'CING, participle of the present tense Enticing from the path of virtue or chastity.

Seduction

SEDUC'TION, noun [French from Latin seductio.]

1. The act of seducing, or of enticing from the path of duty; in a general sense.

Hammond.

2. Appropriately, the act or crime of persuading a female, by flattery or deception, to surrender her chastity. A woman who is above flattery, is least liable to seduction; but the best safeguard is principle, the love of purity and holiness, the fear of God and reverence for his commands.

Seductive

SEDUC'TIVE, adjective Tending to lead astray; apt to mislead by flattering appearances.

Stephens.

Sedulity

SEDU'LITY, noun [Latin sedulitas; Italian sedulitÃƒ- . See Sedulous.]

Diligent and assiduous application to business; constant attention; unremitting industry in any pursuit. It denotes constancy and perseverance rather than intenseness of application.

Let there be but the same propensity and bent of will to religion, and there will be the same sedulity and indefatigable industry in men's inquiries into it.

South.

Sedulous

SED'ULOUS, adjective [Latin sedulus, from the root of sedeo, to sit; as assiduous, from assideo.]

Literally, sitting close to an employment; hence, assiduous; diligent in application or pursuit; constant, steady and persevering in business or in endeavors to effect an object; steadily industrious; as the sedulous bee.

Prior.

What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the affection of the heart, and a sedulous application of the proper means that may lead to such an end?

L'Estrange.

Sedulously

SED'ULOUSLY, adverb Assiduously; industriously; diligently; with constant or continued application.

Sedulousness

SED'ULOUSNESS, noun Assiduity; assiduousness; steady diligence; continued industry or effort.

See

SEE, noun [French siÃƒ-©ge; Scot. sege; Armoric sich.]

1. The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop.

Swift.

2. The seat of an archbishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archbishop; as an archiepiscopal see.

Shak.

3. The seat, place or office of the pope or Roman pontif; as the papal see.

4. The authority of the pope or court of Rome; as, to appeal to the see of Rome.

Addison.

See

SEE, verb transitive pret. saw; pp. seen. [Saxon seon, seogan, geseon; German sehen; Dutch zien, pret. zag, saw; Danish seer; Swedish se. This verb is contracted, as we know by the sight, Danish sigt, German gesicht, Dutch zigt, gezigt. Chaldee, or, to see. Class Sg. No. 34. In German besuchen is to visit, to see, and this is from suchen, which is the to seek, and to seek is to look for. In German gesuch is a suit, a seeking, demand, petition; and versuchen is to try, essay. We have then decisive evidence that see, seek, Latin sequor, and essay, are all from the same radix. The primary sense of the root is to strain, stretch, extend; and as applied to see, the sense is to extend to, to reach, to strike with the eye or sight.]

1. To perceive by the eye; to have knowledge of the existence and apparent qualities of objects by the organs of sight; to behold.

I will now turn aside and see this great sight. Exodus 3.

We have seen the land, and behold, it is very good. Judges 18.

2. To observe; to note or notice; to know; to regard or look to; to take care; to attend, as to the execution of some order, or to the performance of something.

Give them first one simple idea, and see that they fully comprehend before you go any farther.

Locke.

See that ye fall not out by the way. Genesis 45.

3. To discover; to descry; to understand. Who so dull as not to see the device or stratagem? Very noble actions often lose much of their excellence when the motives are seen.

4. To converse or have intercourse with. We improve by seeing men of different habits and tempers.

5. To visit; as, to call and see a friend. The physician sees his patient twice a day. 1 Samuel 15:1 Corinthians 16.

6. To attend; to remark or notice.

I had a mind to see him out, and therefore did not care to contradict him.

Addison.

7. To behold with patience or sufferance; to endure.

It was not meet for us to see the king's dishonor. Ez. 4.

8. In Scripture, to hear or attend to.

I turned to see the voice that spoke with me. Revelation 1.

9. To feel; to suffer; to experience.

Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years in which we have seen evil. Psalm 90.

If a man shall keep my saying, he shall never see death. John 8. Luke 2.

10. To know; to learn.

Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren. Genesis 37.

11. To perceive; to understand; to comprehend. I see the train of argument; I see his motives.

12. To perceive; to understand experimentally.

I see another law in my members. Romans 7.

13. To beware.

See thou do it not. Revelation 19.

14. To know by revelation.

The word that Isaiah, the son of Amoz, saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. Isaiah 2, 13.

15. To have faith in and reliance on.

Seeing him who is invisible. Hebrews 11.

16. To enjoy; to have fruition of.

Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. Matthew 5.

See

SEE, verb intransitive To have the power of perceiving by the proper organs, or the power of sight. Some animals, it is said, are able to see best in the night.

2. To discern; to have intellectual sight; to penetrate; to understand; with through or into; as, to see through the plans or policy of another; to see into artful schemes and pretensions.

Tillotson.

3. To examine or inquire. See whether the estimate is correct.

4. To be attentive.

Shak.

5. To have full understanding.

But now ye say, we see, therefore your sin remaineth. John 19.

See to it, look well to it; attend; consider; take care.

Let me see, let us see, are used to express consideration, or to introduce the particular consideration of a subject, or some scheme or calculation.

See is used imperatively, to call the attention of others to an object or a subject. See, see, how the balloon ascends.

See what it is to have a poet in your house.

Pope.

Seed

SEED, noun [Saxon soed; German saat; Dutch zaad; Danish soed; Swedish s?d; from the verb sow. Qu. Welsh hÃƒ-¢d, Armoric had.]

1. The substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for the reproduction and conservation of the species. The seeds of plants are a deciduous part, containing the rudiments of a new vegetable. In some cases, the seeds constitute the fruit or valuable part of plants, as in the case of wheat and other esculent grain; sometimes the seeds are inclosed in the fruit, as in apples and melons. When applied to animal matter, it has no plural.

2. That from which any thing springs; first principle; original; as the seeds of virtue or vice.

Hooker.

3. Principle of production.

Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed.

Waller.

4. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as the seed of Abraham; the seed of David. In this sense, the word is applied to one person, or to any number collectively, and admits of the plural form; but rarely used in the plural.

5. Race; generation; birth.

Of mortal seed they were not held.

Waller.

Seed

SEED, verb intransitive To grow to maturity, so as to produce seed. Maiz will not seed in a cool climate.

Swift.

2. To shed the seed.

Mortimer.

Seed

SEED, verb transitive To sow; to sprinkle with seed, which germinates and takes root.

Belknap.

Seed-Bud

SEE'D-BUD, noun [seed and bud.] The germ, germen or rudiment of the fruit in embryo.

Seed-Cake

SEE'D-CAKE, noun [seed and cake.] A sweet cake containing aromatic seeds.

Tusser.

Seed-Coat

SEE'D-COAT, noun In botany, the aril or outer coat of a seed.

Martyn.

Seed-Leaf

SEE'D-LEAF, noun In botany, the primary leaf. The seed-leaves are the cotyledons or lobes of a seed expanded and in vegetation.

Martyn.

Seedling

SEE'DLING, noun A young plant or root just sprung from the seed.

Evelyn.

Seed-Lip

SEE'D-LIP, or SEE'D-LOP, noun A vessel in which a sower carries the seed to be dispersed.

England.

Seed-Lobe

SEE'D-LOBE, noun The lobe of a seed; a cotyledon, which see.

Seedness

SEE'DNESS, noun Seed-time. [Not in use.]

Seed-Pearl

SEE'D-PEARL, noun [seed and pearl.] Small grains of pearl.

Boyle.

Seed-Plat

SEE'D-PLAT, or SEE'D-PLOT, noun [seed and plat.] The ground on which seeds are sown to produce plants for transplanting; hence,

2. A nursery; a place where any thing is sown or planted for cultivation.

Hammond.

Seedsman

SEE'DSMAN, noun [seed and man.] A person who deals in seeds; also, a sower.

Dict.

Seed-Time

SEE'D-TIME, noun [seed and time.] The season proper for sowing.

While the earth remaineth, seed-time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night, shall not cease. Genesis 8.

Seed-Vessel

SEE'D-VESSEL, noun In botany, the pericarp which contains the seeds.

Seedy

SEE'DY, adjective [from seed.] Abounding with seeds.

Dict.

2. Having a peculiar flavor, supposed to be derived from the weeds growing among the vines; applied to French brandy.

Encyc.

Seeing

SEE'ING, participle of the present tense [from see.] Perceiving by the eye; knowing; understanding; observing; beholding.

[Note. This participle appears to be used indefinitely, or without direct reference to a person or persons. ``Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me?' Genesis 26. That is, since, or the fact being that or thus; because that. In this form of phraseology, that is understood or implied after seeing; why come ye to me, seeing that, ye hate me? The resolution of the phrase or sentence is, ye hate me; that fact being seen or known by you, why come ye to me? or, why come ye to me, ye seeing [knowing] that fact which follows, viz. ye hate me. In this case, seeing retains its participial character, although its relation to the pronoun is somewhat obscured. Originally, seeing, in this use, had direct relation to the speaker or to some other person. ``Now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son.' Genesis 22. Here seeing refers to I, or according to the language of syntax, agrees or accords with I. I know thou fearest God, for I see thou hast not withheld thine only son; I know thou fearest God by seeing, in consequence of seeing this fact, thou hast not withheld thine only son. But the use of seeing is extended to cases in which it cannot be referred to a specific person or persons, in which cases it expresses the notoriety or admission of a fact in general, and is left, like the French on, in the phrases on dit, on voit, without application to any particular person.]

Seek

SEEK, verb transitive pret. and pp. sought, pronounced sawt. [Saxon secan, soecan, to seek, to come to; asecan, to require; gesecan, to seek, to come to; forsacan, forsoecan, to forsake; German suchen, to seek; absuchen, to pick off; besuchen, to visit, to see; gesuch, suit, petition; gesuche, a continued seeking; versuchen, to try, prove, tempt, essay, strive; versuch, trial, essay; Dutch zoeken, to seek, to look for, to try or endeavor; bezoeken, to visit, to try; gezoek, a seeking; opzoeken, to seek; verzoeken, to request, desire, invite, try, tempt, to visit; Danish sÃƒ-¶ger, to seek, to endeavor; besÃƒ-¶ger, to visit; forsÃƒ-¶ger, to try, to essay, to experiment, to tempt; opsÃƒ-¶ger, to seek or search after; Swedish s?ka, to seek, to sue, to court; s?ka en lagligen, to sue one at law; bes?ka, to visit; fors?ka, to try, to essay, to tempt. These words all accord with Latin sequor, Irish seichim, to follow; for to seek is to go after, and the primary sense is to advance, to press, to drive forward, as in the Latin peto. See Essay, from the same root, through the Italian and French. Now in Saxon forsacan, forsoecan, is to forsake; sacan is to strive, contend, whence English sake, and soecan, secan, is to seek. But in Swedish, f?rsaka, to forsake, to renounce, is from sak, thing, cause, suit, Saxon saca, English sake; in Danish, forsager, to renounce, is from siger, to say; sag, a thing, cause, matter, suit; sagd, a saying; German versagen, to deny, to renounce, from sagen, to say, to tell; Dutch ?erzaaken, to deny, to forsake, to revoke, from zaak, thing, cause, and zeggen is to say or tell, which is the Saxon secgan, to say. These close affinities prove that seek, essay, say, and Latin sequor, are all from one radix, coinciding with Cr. to seek, to strive. Class Sg. No. 46. and see No. 30. Arabic The English verb see seems to be from the same root.]

1. To go in search or quest of; to look for; to search for by going from place to place.

The man asked him, saying, what seekest thou? And he said, I seek my brethren. Genesis 37.

2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to endeavor to find or gain by any means.

The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God. Psalm 104.

He found no place for repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears. Hebrews 12.

Others tempting him, sought of him a sign. Luke 11.

3. Seek is followed sometimes by out or after. To seek out, properly implies to look for a specific thing among a number. But in general, the use of out and after with seek, is unnecessary and inelegant.

To seek God, his name, or his face, in Scripture, to ask for his favor, direction and assistance. Psalm 63, 83.

God seeks men, when he fixes his love on them, and by his word and Spirit, and the righteousness of Christ, reclaims and recovers them from their miserable condition as sinners. Ezekiel 34. Psalm 119. Luke 15.

To seek after the life, or soul, to attempt by arts or machinations; or to attempt to destroy or ruin. Psalm 35.

To seek peace, or judgment, to endeavor to promote it; or to practice it. Psalm 34. Isaiah 1.

To seek an altar, temple, or habitation, to frequent it; to resort to it often. 2 Chronicles 1. Amos 5.

To seek out God's works, to endeavor to understand them. Psalm 111.

Seek

SEEK, verb intransitive To make search or inquiry; to endeavor to make discovery.

Seek ye out of the book of the Lord, and read. Isaiah 34.

2. To endeavor.

Ask not what pains, nor further seek to know

Their process, or the forms of law below.

Dryden.

To seek after, to make pursuit; to attempt to find or take. [See No. 3, supra.]

To seek for, to endeavor to find.

Knolles.

To seek to, to apply to; to resort to. 1 Kings 10.

To seek, at a loss; without knowledge, measures or experience.

Unpractic'd, unprepar'd and still to seek.

Milton.

[This phrase, I believe, is wholly obsolete.]

Seeker

SEE'KER, noun One that seeks; an inquirer; as a seeker of truth.

2. One of a sect that profess no determinate religion.

Johnson.

Seek-Sorrow

SEE'K-SORROW, noun [seek and sorrow.] One that contrives to give himself vexation. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Seel

SEEL, verb transitive [French sceller, to seal.] To close the eyes; a term of falconry, from the practice of closing the eyes of a wild hawk.

Bacon.

Seel

SEEL, verb intransitive [Saxon sylan, to give. See Sell.] To lean; to incline to one side. Obs.

Bacon.

Seel

SEEL, or SEE'LING, noun The rolling or agitation of a ship in a storm. Obs.

Ainsworth.

Seel

SEEL, noun [Saxon soel.] Time; opportunity; season. Obs.

Ray.

Seelily

SEE'LILY, adverb In a silly manner. Obs.

Seely

SEE'LY, adjective [from seel.] Lucky; fortunate. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Silly; foolish; simple. Obs. [See Silly.]

Tusser.

Seem

SEEM, verb intransitive [German ziemen, to become, to be fit or suitable; geziemen, to become, to beseem, to be meet, decent, seemly. In Dutch zweemen is to be like, to resemble, and taamen is to fit or suit, to become. In Danish sÃƒ-¶m is a seam, and sÃƒ-¶mmer, signifies to hem, and also to become, to beseem, to be suitable, decent or seemly. This is certainly the German ziemen; hence we see that seam and seem are radically the same word; Italian sembrare, to seem; sembiante, like, similar, resembling; rassembrare, to resemble; Spanish semejar, to be like; French sembler, to seem, to appear. These words seem to be of one family, having for their radical sense, to extend to, to meet, to unite, to come together, or to press together. If so, the Dutch taamen leads us to the oriental roots, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac damah, to be like; Ethiopic adam, to please, to suit; Arabic adama, to add, to unite, to agree, to suit, to conciliate, to confirm concord. Class Dm. No. 5 and 7. These verbs are radically one, and in these we find the primary sense of Adam; likeness, or form.]

1. To appear; to make or have a show or semblance.

Thou art not what thou seem'st.

Shak.

All seem'd well pleas'd; all seem'd, but were not all.

Milton.

2. To have the appearance of truth or fact; to be understood as true. It seems that the Turkish power is on the decline.

A prince of Italy, it seems, entertained his mistress on a great lake.

Addison.

Seem

SEEM, verb transitive To become; to befit. Obs.

Spenser.

Seemer

SEE'MER, noun One that carries an appearance or semblance. hence we shall see,

If pow'r change purpose, what our seemers be.

Shak.

Seeming

SEE'MING, participle of the present tense Appearing; having the appearance or semblance, whether real or not.

2. adjective Specious.

Seeming

SEE'MING, noun Appearance; show; semblance.

2. Fair appearance.

These keep

Seeming and savor all the winter long.

Shak.

3. Opinion or liking; favorable opinion.

Nothing more clear to their seeming.

Hooker.

His persuasive words impregn'd

With reason to her seeming. Obs.

Milton.

Seemingly

SEE'MINGLY, adverb In appearance; in show; in semblance.

This the father seemingly complied with.

Addison.

They depend often on remote and seemingly disproportioned causes.

Atterbury.

Seemingness

SEE'MINGNESS, noun Fair appearance; plausibility.

Digby.

Seemless

SEE'MLESS, adjective Unseemly; unfit; indecorous. Obs.

Spenser.

Seemliness

SEE'MLINESS, noun [from seemly.] Comeliness; grace; fitness; propriety; decency; decorum.

When seemliness combines with portliness.

Camden.

Seemly

SEE'MLY, adjective [German ziemlich; Dutch taamelyk; Danish sÃƒ-¶mmelig.]

Becoming; fit; suited to the object, occasion, purpose or character; suitable.

Suspense of judgment and exercise of charity were safer and seemlier for christian men, than the hot pursuit of these controversies.

Hooker.

Honor is not seemly for a fool. Proverbs 26.

Seemly

SEE'MLY, adverb In a decent or suitable manner.

Pope.

Seemlyhed

SEE'MLYHED, noun [See Head and Hood.] Comely or decent appearance. Obs.

Chaucer.

Seen

SEEN, participle passive of see. Beheld; observed; understood.

2. adjective Versed; skilled.

Noble Boyle, not less in nature seenÃ‚-- Obs.

Dryden.

Seer

SEER, noun [from see.] One who sees; as a seer of visions.

Spectator.

2. A prophet; a person who foresees future events. 1 Samuel 9.

Seer-Wood

SEER-WOOD. [See Sear, and Sear-wood, dry wood.]

See-Saw

SEE'-SAW, noun [Qu. saw and saw, or sea and saw.]

A vibratory or reciprocating motion.

Pope.

See-Saw

SEE'-SAW, verb intransitive To move with a reciprocating motion; to move backward and forward, or upward and downward.

Arbuthnot.

Seethe

SEETHE, verb transitive pret. seethed, sod; pp. seethed, sodden. [Saxon seathan, seothan, sythan; Dutch zieden; German sieden; Swedish siuda; Danish syder; Greek, contracted from; Hebrew to seethe, to boil, to swell, to be inflated. Class Sd. No. 4.]

To boil; to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor; as, to seethe flesh.

Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk. Exodus 23.

Seethe

SEETHE, verb intransitive To be in a state of ebullition; to be hot.

Spenser.

[This word is rarely used in the common concerns of life.]

Seethed

SEE'THED, participle passive Boiled; decocted.

Seether

SEE'THER, noun A boiler; a pot for boiling things.

Dryden.

Seething

SEE'THING, participle of the present tense Boiling; decocting.

Seg

SEG, noun Sedge. [Not in use.]

Seghol

SEG'HOL, noun A Hebrews 5owel-point, or short vowel, thus ?, indicating the sound of the English e, in men.

M. Stuart.

Segholate

SEG'HOLATE, adjective Marked with a seghol.

Segment

SEG'MENT, noun [French from Latin segmentum, from seco, to cut off. We observe here the Latin has seg, for sec, like the Italian segare, Spanish segar, and like the Teutonic sagen, zaagen, to saw; properly, a piece cut off.]

1. In geometry, that part of the circle contained between a chord and an arch of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the chord.

Newton.

2. In general, a part cut off or divided; as the segments of a calyx.

Segnity

SEG'NITY, noun [from Latin segnis.] Sluggishness; dullness; inactivity. [Not used.]

Dict.

Segregate

SEG'REGATE, verb transitive [Latin segrego; se, from, and grex, flock.]

To separate from others; to set apart.

Sherwood.

Segregate

SEG'REGATE, adjective Select. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Segregate polygamy, (Polygamia segregata, Linne,) a mode of inflorescence, when several florets comprehended within a common calyx, are furnished also with their proper perianths.

Martyn.

Segregated

SEG'REGATED, participle passive Separated; parted from others.

Segregating

SEG'REGATING, participle of the present tense Separating.

Segregation

SEGREGA'TION, noun [French] Separation from others; a parting.

Shak.

Seigneurial

SEIGNEURIAL, a. senu'rial. [French See Seignior.]

1. Pertaining to the lord of a manor; manorial.

2. Vested with large powers; independent.

Temple.

Seignior

SEIGNIOR, n. see'nyor. [French seigneur; Italian signore; Spanish senor; Portugese senhor; from Latin senior, elder; senex, old, Irish sean.]

A lord; the lord of a manor; but used also in the south of Europe as a title of honor. The sultan of Turkey is called the Grand Seignior.

Seigniorage

SEIGNIORAGE, n. see'nyorage. A royal right or prerogative of the king of England, by which he claims an allowance of gold and silver brought in the mass to be exchanged for coin.

Encyc.

Seigniorial

SEIGNIO'RIAL, the same as seigneurial.

Seigniorize

SEIGNIORIZE, v. t. see'nyorize. To lord it over. [Little used.]

Halifax.

Seigniory

SEIGNIORY, n. see'nyory. [French seigneurie.]

1. A lordship; a manor.

Davies. Encyc.

2. The power or authority of a lord; dominion.

O'Neal never had any seignory over that country, but what he got by encroachment upon the English.

Spenser.

Sein

SEIN, noun [Saxon segne; French seine; Armoric seigne; Latin sagena; Greek.]

A large net for catching fish. The seins used for taking shad in the Connecticut, sometimes sweep nearly the whole breadth of the river.

Seiner

SE'INER, noun A fisher with a sein or net. [Not much used.]

Carew.

Seity

SE'ITY, noun [Latin se, one's self.] Something peculiar to a man's self. [Not well authorized.]

Tatler.

Seizable

SE'IZABLE, adjective That may be seized; liable to be taken.

Seize

SEIZE, verb transitive [French saisir; Armoric sesiza or sesya; probably allied to assess, and to sit, set. The sense is to fall on, to throw one's self on, which is nearly the primary sense of set. It must be noticed that this word, in writers on law, is usually written seise; as also in composition, disseise, disseisin, redisseise. But except in law, it is usually or always written seize. It is desirable that the orthography should be uniform.]

1. To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on; or to gripe or grasp suddenly. The tiger rushes from the thicket and seizes his prey. A dog seizes an animal by the throat. The bawk seizes a chicken with his claws. The officer seizes a thief.

2. To take possession by force, with or without right.

At last they seize

The scepter, and regard not David's son.

Milton.

3. To invade suddenly; to take hold of; to come upon suddenly; as, a fever seizes the patient.

And hope and doubt alternate seize her soul.

Pope.

4. To take possession by virtue of a warrant or legal authority. The sherif seized the debtor's goods; the whole estate was seized and confiscated. We say, to arrest a person, to seize goods.

5. To fasten; to fix. In seaman's language, to fasten two ropes or different parts of one rope together with a cord.

Mar. Dict.

To be seized of, to have possession; as a griffin seized of his prey. A B was seized and possessed of the manor of Dale.

Spenser.

To seize on or upon, is to fall on and grasp; to take hold on; to take possession. Matthew 21.

Seized

SE'IZED, participle passive Suddenly caught or grasped; taken by force; invaded suddenly; taken possession of; fastened with a cord; having possession.

Seizer

SE'IZER, noun One that seizes.

Seizin

SE'IZIN, noun [French saisine.] In law, possession. Seizin is of two sorts, seizin in deed or fact, and seizin in law. Seizin in fact or deed, is actual or corporal possession; seizin in law, is when something is done which the law accounts possession or seizin, as enrollment, or when lands descend to an heir, but he has not yet entered on them. In this case, the law considers the heir as seized of the estate, and the person who wrongfully enters on the land is accounted a disseizor.

Cowel. Encyc.

2. The act of taking possession. [Not used except in law.]

3. The thing possessed; possession.

Hale.

Livery of seizin. [See Livery.]

Primer seizin. [See Primer.]

Seizing

SE'IZING, participle of the present tense Falling on and grasping suddenly; laying hold on suddenly; taking possession by force, or taking by warrant; fastening.

Seizing

SE'IZING, noun The act of taking or grasping suddenly.

2. In seamen's language, the operation of fastening together ropes with a cord; also, the cord or cords used for such fastening.

Mar. Dict.

Seizor

SE'IZOR, noun One who seizes.

Wheaton.

Seizure

SE'IZURE, noun The act of seizing; the act of laying hold on suddenly; as the seizure of a thief.

2. The act of taking possession by force; as the seizure of lands or goods; the seizure of a town by an enemy; the seizure of a throne by an usurper.

3. The act of taking by warrant; as the seizure of contraband goods.

4. The thing taken or seized.

Milton.

5. Gripe; grasp; possession.

And give me seizure of the mighty wealth.

Dryden.

6. Catch; a catching.

Let there be no sudden seizure of a lapsed syllable, to play upon it.

Watts.

Sejant

SE'JANT, adjective In heraldry, sitting, like a cat with the fore feet straight; applied to a lion or other beast.

Encyc.

Sejugous

SEJU'GOUS, adjective [Latin sejugis; sex, six, and jugum, yoke.]

In botany, a sejugous leaf is a pinnate leaf having six pairs of leaflets.

Martyn.

Sejunction

SEJUNC'TION, noun [Latin sejunctio; se, from, and jungo, to join.]

The act of disjoining; a disuniting; separation. [Little used.]

Pearson.

Sejungible

SEJUNG'IBLE, adjective [supra.] That may be disjoined. [Little used.]

Pearson.

Seke

SEKE, for sick, obsolete. [See Sick.]

Chaucer.

Selcouth

SEL'COUTH, adjective [Saxon sel, seld, rare, and couth, known.]

Rarely known; unusual; uncommon. Obs.

Spenser.

Seldom

SEL'DOM, adverb [Saxon selden, seldon; Dutch zelden; German selten; Danish selsom, seldsom; Swedish s?llan, s?llsam. In Danish, selskab, [sel and shape,] is a company, fellowship, or club. Sel probably signifies separate, distinct, coinciding with Latin solus.] Rarely; not often; not frequently.

Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one.

Hooker.

Seldom

SEL'DOM, adjective Rare; unfrequent. [Little used.]

Milton.

Seldomness

SEL'DOMNESS, noun Rareness; uncommonness; infrequency.

Hooker.

Seldshown

SELD'SHOWN, adjective [Saxon seld and shown.] Rarely shown or exhibited. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Select

SELECT', verb transitive [Latin selectus, from seligo; se, from, and lego, to pick, cull or gather.]

To choose and take from a number; to take by preference from among others; to pick out; to cull; as, to select the best authors for perusal; to select the most interesting and virtuous men for associates.

Select

SELECT', adjective Nicely chosen; taken from a number by preference; choice; whence, preferable; more valuable or excellent than others; as a body of select troops; a select company or society; a library consisting of select authors.

Selected

SELECT'ED, participle passive Chosen and taken by preference from among a number; picked; culled.

Selectedly

SELECT'EDLY, adverb With care in selection.

Haywood.

Selecting

SELECT'ING, participle of the present tense Choosing and taking from a number; picking out; culling.

Selection

SELEC'TION, noun [Latin selectio.] The act of choosing and taking from among a number; a taking from a number by preference.

2. A number of things selected or taken from others by preference. I have a small but valuable selection of books.

Selective

SELECT'IVE, adjective Selecting; tending to select. [Unusual.]

Fleming.

Selectman

SELECT'MAN, noun [select and man.] In New England, a town officer chosen annually to manage the concerns of the town, provide for the poor, &c. Their number is usually from three to seven in each town, and these constitute a kind of executive authority.

Selectness

SELECT'NESS, noun The state of being select or well chosen.

Selector

SELECT'OR, noun [Latin] One that selects or chooses from among a number.

Seleniate

SELE'NIATE, noun A compound of selenic acid with a base.

Selenic

SELEN'IC, adjective Pertaining to selenium, or extracted from it; as selenic acid.

Selenite

SEL'ENITE, noun [Greek, from, the moon; so called on account of its reflecting the moon's light with brilliancy.]

Foliated or crystalized sulphate of lime. Selenite is a subspecies of sulphate of lime, of two varieties, massive and acicular.

Cleaveland. Kirwan. Nicholson.

Selenitic

SELENIT'IC, or SELENIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to selenite; resembling it, or partaking of its nature and properties.

Selenium

SELE'NIUM, noun [supra.] A new elementary body or substance, extracted from the pyrite of Fahlun in Sweden. It is of a gray dark brown color, with a brilliant metallic luster, and slightly translucent. It is doubted whether it ought to be classed with the metals.

Phillips. Ure.

Seleniuret

SELENIU'RET, or SELENU'RET, noun A newly discovered mineral, of a shining lead gray color, with a granular texture. It is composed chiefly of selenium, silver and copper.

Cleaveland. Phillips.

Selenographic

SELENOGRAPH'IC, or SELENOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [infra.] Belonging to selenography.

Selenography

SELENOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, the moon, and, to describe.]

A description of the moon and its phenomena; a branch of cosmography.

Encyc.

Self

SELF, adjective or pron. plu. selves; used chiefly in composition. [Saxon self, sylf; Gothic silba; Swedish sielf; Danish selv; German selbst; Dutch zelf. I know not the primary sense of this word; most probably it is to set or unite, or to separate from others. See Selvedge.]

1. In old authors, this word sometimes signifies particular, very, or same. ``And on tham sylfan geare;' in that same year, that very year. Sax. Chron. A. Dutch 1052, 1061.

Shoot another arrow that self way.

Shak.

On these self hills.

Raleigh.

At that self moment enters Palamon.

Dryden.

In this sense, self is an adjective, and is now obsolete, except when followed by same; as on the self-same day; the self-same hour; the self-same thing; which is tautology. Matthew 8.

2. In present usage, self is united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives, to express emphasis or distinction; also when the pronoun is used reciprocally. Thus for emphasis, I myself will write; I will examine for myself. Thou thyself shalt; go; thou shalt see for thyself. You yourself shall write; you shall see for yourself. He himself shall write; he shall examine for himself. She herself shall write; she shall examine for herself. The child itself shall be carried; it shall be present itself.

Reciprocally, I abhor myself; thou enrichest thyself; he loves himself; she admires herself; it pleases itself; we value ourselves; ye hurry yourselves; they see themselves. I did not hurt him, he hurt himself; he did not hurt me, I hurt myself.

Except when added to pronouns used reciprocally, self serves to give emphasis to the pronoun, or to render the distinction expressed by it more emphatical. ``I myself will decide,' not only expresses my determination to decide, but the determination that no other shall decide.

Himself, herself, themselves, are used in the nominative case, as well as in the objective.

Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples. John 4. See Matthew 23:4.

3. Self is sometimes used as a noun, noting the individual subject to his own contemplation or action, or noting identity of person. Consciousness makes every one to be what he calls self.

A man's self may be the worst fellow to converse with in the world.

Pope.

4. It also signifies personal interest, or love of private interest; selfishness.

The fondness we have for selfÃ‚--furnishes another long rank of prejudices.

Watts.

Self is much used in composition.

Self-Abased

SELF-ABA'SED, adjective [self and abase.] Humbled by conscious guilt or shame.

Self-Abasement

SELF-ABA'SEMENT, noun Humiliation or abasement proceeding from consciousness of inferiority, guilt or shame.

Milner.

Self-Abasing

SELF-ABA'SING, adjective Humbling by the consciousness of guilt or by shame.

Self-Abuse

SELF-ABU'SE, noun [self and abuse.] The abuse of one's own person or powers.

Shak.

Self-Accusing

SELF-ACCU'SING, adjective [self and accuse.] Accusing one's self; as a self-accusing look.

Sidney.

Self-Activity

SELF-ACTIV'ITY, noun [self and activity.] Self-motion, or the power of moving one's self without foreign aid.

Bentley.

Self-Admiration

SELF-ADMIRA'TION, noun Admiration of one's self.

Scott.

Self-Admiring

SELF-ADMI'RING, adjective Admiring one's self.

Scott.

Self-Affairs

SELF-AFFA'IRS, n. plu. [self and affair.] One's own private business.

Shak.

Self-Affrighted

SELF-AFFRIGHTED, adjective [self and affright.] Frightened at one's self.

Shak.

Self-Applause

SELF-APPLAUSE, n. self-applauz', Applause of one's self.

Self-Approving

SELF-APPROVING, adjective That approves of one's own conduct.

Pope.

Self-Assumed

SELF-ASSU'MED, adjective Assumed by one's own act or without authority.

Mitford.

Self-Banished

SELF-BAN'ISHED, adjective [self and banish.] Exiled voluntarily.

Self-Begotten

SELF-BEGOT'TEN, adjective [self and beget.] Begotten by one's own powers.

Self-Born

SELF'-BORN, adjective [self and born.] Born or produced by one's self.

Self-Centered

SELF-CEN'TERED, adjective [self and center.] Centered in itself.

The earth self-center'd and unmov'd.

Dryden.

Self-Charity

SELF-CHAR'ITY, noun [self and charity.] Love of one's self.

Shak.

Self-Communicative

SELF-COMMU'NICATIVE, adjective [self and communicative.]

Imparted or communicated by its own powers.

Norris.

Self-Conceit

SELF-CONCE'IT, noun [self and conceit.] A high opinion of one's self; vanity.

Self-Conceited

SELF-CONCE'ITED, adjective Vain; having a high or overweening opinion of one's own person or merits.

L'Estrange.

Self-Conceitedness

SELF-CONCE'ITEDNESS, noun Vanity; an overweening opinion of one's own person or accomplishments.

Locke.

Self-Confidence

SELF-CON'FIDENCE, noun [self and confidence.]

Confidence in one's own judgment or ability; reliance on one's own opinion or powers, without other aid.

Self-Confident

SELF-CON'FIDENT, adjective Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on the correctness of one's own judgment, or the competence of one's own powers, without other aid.

Self-Confiding

SELF-CONFI'DING, adjective Confiding in one's own judgment or powers, without the aid of others.

Pope.

Self-Conscious

SELF-CON'SCIOUS, adjective [self and conscious.] Conscious in one's self.

Dryden.

Self-Consciousness

SELF-CON'SCIOUSNESS, noun Consciousness within one's self.

Locke.

Self-Considering

SELF-CONSID'ERING, adjective [self and consider.]

Considering in one's own mind; deliberating.

Pope.

Self-Consuming

SELF-CONSU'MING, adjective [self and consume.] That consumes itself.

Pope.

Self-Contradiction

SELF-CONTRADIC'TION, noun [self and contradiction.]

The act of contradicting itself; repugnancy in terms. To be and not to be at the same time, is a self-contradiction; a proposition consisting of two members, one of which contradicts the other.

Self-Contradictory

SELF-CONTRADICT'ORY, adjective Contradicting itself.

Spectator.

Self-Convicted

SELF-CONVICT'ED, adjective [self and convict.] Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge or avowal.

Self-Conviction

SELF-CONVIC'TION, noun Conviction proceeding from one's own consciousness, knowledge or confession.

Swift.

Self-Created

SELF-CREA'TED, adjective Created by one's self; not formed or constituted by another.

Milner.

Self-Deceit

SELF-DECE'IT, noun [self and deceit.] Deception respecting one's self, or that originates from one's own mistake; self-deception.

Spectator.

Self-Deceived

SELF-DECE'IVED, adjective [self and deceive.] Deceived or misled respecting one's self by one's own mistake or error.

Self-Deceiving

SELF-DECE'IVING, adjective Deceiving one's self.

Self-Deception

SELF-DECEP'TION, noun [supra.] Deception concerning one's self, proceeding from one's own mistake.

Self-Defense

SELF-DEFENSE, n. self-defens'. [self and defense.]

The act of defending one's own person, property or reputation. A man may be justifiable in killing another in self-defense.

Self-Delusion

SELF-DELU'SION, noun [self and delusion.] The delusion of one's self, or respecting one's self.

South.

Self-Denial

SELF-DENI'AL, noun [self and denial.] The denial of one's self; the forbearing to gratify one's own appetities or desires.

South.

Self-Denying

SELF-DENY'ING, adjective Denying one's self; a forbearing to indulge one's own appetites or desires.

Self-Dependent

SELF-DEPEND'ENT, or SELF-DEPEND'ING, adjective Depending on one's self.

Scott.

Self-Destruction

SELF-DESTRUC'TION, noun [self and destruction.]

The destruction of one's self; voluntary destruction.

Self-Destructive

SELF-DESTRUC'TIVE, adjective Tending to the destruction of one's self.

Self-Determination

SELF-DETERMINA'TION, noun [self and determination.]

Determination by one's own mind; or determination by its own powers, without extraneous impulse or influence.

Self-Determining

SELF-DETERM'INING, adjective Determining by or of itself; determining or deciding without extraneous power or influence; as the self-determining power of the will.

Self-Devoted

SELF-DEVO'TED, adjective [self and devote.] Devoted in person, or voluntarily devoted in person.

Self-Devotement

SELF-DEVO'TEMENT, noun The devoting of one's person and services voluntarily to any difficult or hazardous employment.

Memoirs of Buchanan.

Self-Devouring

SELF-DEVOUR'ING, adjective [self and devour.] Devouring one's self or itself.

Denham.

Self-Diffusive

SELF-DIFFU'SIVE, adjective [self and diffusive.] Having power to diffuse itself; that diffuses itself.

Norris.

Self-Enjoyment

SELF-ENJOY'MENT, noun [self and enjoyment.] Internal satisfaction or pleasure.

Self-Esteem

SELF-ESTEE'M, noun [self and esteem.] The esteem or good opinion of one's self.

Milton.

Self-Estimation

SELF-ESTIMA'TION, noun The esteem or good opinion of one's self.

Milner.

Self-Evidence

SELF-EV'IDENCE, noun [self and evidence.]

Evidence or certainty resulting from a proposition without proof; evidence that ideas offer to the mind upon bare statement.

Locke.

Self-Evident

SELF-EV'IDENT, adjective Evident without proof or reasoning; that produces certainty or clear conviction upon a bare presentation to the mind; as a self-evident proposition or truth. That two and three make five, is self-evident.

Self-Evidently

SELF-EV'IDENTLY, adverb By means of self-evidence.

Self-Exaltation

SELF-EXALTA'TION, noun The exaltation of one's self.

Scott.

Self-Exalting

SELF-EXALT'ING, adjective Exalting one's self.

Self-Examination

SELF-EXAMINA'TION, noun [self and examination.]

An examination or scrutiny into one's own state, conduct and motives, particularly in regard to religious affections and duties.

South.

Self-Excusing

SELF-EXCU'SING, adjective Excusing one's self.

Scott.

Self-Existence

SELF-EXIST'ENCE, noun [self and existence.]

Inherent existence; the existence possessed by virtue of a being's own nature, and independent of any other being or cause; an attribute peculiar to God.

Blackmore.

Self-Existent

SELF-EXIST'ENT, adjective Existing by its own nature or essence, independent of any other cause. God is the only self-existent being.

Self-Flattering

SELF-FLAT'TERING, adjective [self and flatter.] Flattering one's self.

Self-Flattery

SELF-FLAT'TERY, noun Flattery of one's self.

Self-Glorious

SELF-GLO'RIOUS, adjective [self and glorious.] Springing from vain glory or vanity; vain; boastful.

Dryden.

Self-Harming

SELF-H`ARMING, adjective [self and harm.] Injuring or hurting one's self or itself.

Sharp.

Self-Heal

SELF'-HEAL, noun [self and heal.] A plant of the genus Sanicula, and another of the genus Prunella.

Fam. of Plants.

Self-Healing

SELF-HE'ALING, adjective Having the power or property of healing itself. The self-healing power of living animals and vegetables is a property as wonderful as it is indicative of divine goodness.

Self-Homicide

SELF-HOM'ICIDE, noun [self and homicide.] The killing of one's self.

Hakewill.

Self-Idolized

SELF-I'DOLIZED, adjective Idolized by one's self.

Cowper.

Self-Imparting

SELF-IMP`ARTING, adjective [self and impart.] Imparting by its own powers and will.

Norris.

Self-Imposture

SELF-IMPOS'TURE, noun [self and imposture.]

Imposture practiced on one's self.

South.

Self-Interest

SELF-IN'TEREST, noun [self and interest.] Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's self.

Self-Interested

SELF-IN'TERESTED, adjective Having self-interest; particularly concerned for one's self.

Self-Justifier

SELF-JUS'TIFIER, noun One who excuses or justifies himself.

J. M. Mason.

Self-Kindled

SELF-KIN'DLED, adjective [self and kindle.] Kindled of itself, or without extraneous aid or power.

Dryden.

Self-Knowing

SELF-KNOWING, adjective [self and know.] Knowing of itself, or without communication from another.

Self-Knowledge

SELF-KNOWL'EDGE, noun The knowledge of one's own real character, abilities, worth or demerit.

Self-Love

SELF-LOVE, noun [self and love.] The love of one's own person or happiness.

Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.

Pope.

Self-Loving

SELF-LOV'ING, adjective Loving one's self.

Walton.

Self-Metal

SELF'-METAL, noun [self and metal.] The same metal.

Self-Motion

SELF-MO'TION, noun [self and motion.] Motion given by inherent powers, without external impulse; spontaneous motion.

Matter is not endued with self-motion.

Cheyne.

Self-Moved

SELF-MOVED, adjective [self and move.] Moved by inherent power without the aid of external impulse.

Pope.

Self-Moving

SELF-MOVING, adjective Moving or exciting to action by inherent power, without the impulse of another body or extraneous influence.

Pope.

Self-Murder

SELF-MUR'DER, noun [self and murder.] The murder of one's self; suicide.

Self-Murderer

SELF-MUR'DERER, noun One who voluntarily destroys his own life.

Self-Neglecting

SELF-NEGLECT'ING, noun [self and neglect.] A neglecting of one's self.

Self-love is not so great a sin as self-neglecting.

Shak.

Self-Opinion

SELF-OPIN'ION, noun [self and opinion.]

One's own opinion.

Collier. Prior.

Self-Opinioned

SELF-OPIN'IONED, adjective Valuing one's own opinion highly.

Self-Partiality

SELF-PARTIAL'ITY; noun [self and partiality.]

That partiality by which a man overrates his own worth when compared with others.

Kames.

Self-Pleasing

SELF-PLE'ASING, adjective [self and please.] Pleasing one's self; gratifying one's own wishes.

Bacon.

Self-Praise

SELF-PRAISE, noun [self and praise.] The praise of one's self; self-applause.

Broome.

Self-Preference

SELF-PREF'ERENCE, noun [self and preference.] The preference of one's self to others.

Self-Preservation

SELF-PRESERVA'TION, noun [self and preservation.]

The preservation of one's self from destruction or injury.

Milton.

Self-Repellency

SELF-REPEL'LENCY, noun [self and repellency.]

The inherent power of repulsion in a body.

Black.

Self-Repelling

SELF-REPEL'LING, adjective [self and repel.] Repelling by its own inherent power.

Self-Reproved

SELF-REPROVED, adjective [self and reprove.] Reproved by consciousness or one's own sense of guilt.

Self-Reproving

SELF-REPROVING, adjective Reproving by consciousness.

Self-Reproving

SELF-REPROVING, noun The act of reproving by a conscious sense of guilt.

Shak.

Self-Restrained

SELF-RESTRA'INED, adjective [self and restrain.]

Restrained by itself, or by one's own power or will; not controlled by external force or authority.

Dryden.

Self-Restraining

SELF-RESTRA'INING, adjective Restraining or controlling itself.

Self-Same

SELF'-SAME, adjective [self and same.] Numerically the same; the very same; identical.

Scripture.

Self-Seeking

SELF'-SEEKING, adjective [self and seek.] Seeking one's own interest or happiness; selfish.

Arbuthnot.

Self-Slaughter

SELF-SLAUGHTER, n. self-slau'ter. [self and slaughter.]

The slaughter of one's self.

Shak.

Self-Subdued

SELF-SUBDU'ED, adjective [self and subdue.] Subdued by one's own power or means.

Shak.

Self-Subversive

SELF-SUBVERS'IVE, adjective Overturning or subverting itself.

J. P. Smith.

Self-Sufficiency

SELF-SUFFI'CIENCY, noun [self and sufficiency.]

An overweening opinion of one's own strength or worth; excessive confidence in one's own competence or sufficiency.

Dryden.

Self-Sufficient

SELF-SUFFI'CIENT, adjective Having full confidence in one's own strength, abilities or endowments; whence, haughty; overbearing.

Watts.

Self-Tormenter

SELF-TORMENT'ER, noun One who torments himself.

Self-Tormenting

SELF-TORMENT'ING, adjective [self and torment.]

Tormenting one's self; as self-tormenting sin.

Crashaw.

Self-Valuing

SELF-VAL'UING, adjective Esteeming one's self.

Parnell.

Self-Will

SELF-WILL', noun [self and will.] One's own will; obstinacy.

Self-Willed

SELF-WILL'ED, adjective Governed by one's own will; not yielding to the will or wishes of others; not accommodating or compliant; obstinate.

Self-Wrong

SELF-WRONG', noun [self and wrong.] Wrong done by a person to himself.

Shak.

Selfish

SELF'ISH, adjective Regarding one's own interest chiefly or solely; influenced in actions by a view to private advantage.

Spectator.

Selfishly

SELF'ISHLY, adverb In a selfish manner; with regard to private interest only or chiefly.

Pope.

Selfishness

SELF'ISHNESS, noun The exclusive regard of a person to his own interest or happiness; or that supreme self-love or self-preference, which leads a person in his actions to direct his purposes to the advancement of his own interest, power or happiness, without regarding the interest of others. Selfishness, in its worst or unqualified sense, is the very essence of human depravity, and stands in direct opposition to benevolence, which is the essence of the divine character. As God is love, so man, in his natural state, is selfishness.

Selfness

SELF'NESS, noun Self-love; selfishness. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

Sell

SELL, for self; and sells for selves. [Scot.]

B. Jonson.

Sell

SELL, noun [French selle; Latin sella.] A saddle, and a throne. Obs.

Spenser.

Sell

SELL, verb transitive pret. and pp. sold. [Saxon selan, sellan, sylan or syllan, to give, grant, yield, assign or sell; syllan to bote, to give in compensation, to give to boot; Swedish s?lia; Icelandic selia; Danish soelger; Basque, saldu. The primary sense is to deliver, send or transfer, or to put off. The sense of sell, as we now understand the word, is wholly derivative; as we see by the Saxon phrases, syllan to agenne, to give for one's own; syllan to gyfe, to bestow for a gift, to bestow or confer gratis.]

1. To transfer property or the exclusive right of possession to another for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to buy, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distinguished from exchange or barter, in which one commodity is given for another; whereas in selling the consideration is money, or its representative in current notes. To this distinction there may be exceptions. ``Esau sold his birthright to Jacob for a mess of pottage.' But this is unusual. ``Let us sell Joseph to the IshmaelitesÃ‚--And they sold him for twenty pieces of silver.' Genesis 37.

Among the Hebrews, parents had power to sell their children.

2. To betray; to deliver or surrender for money or a reward; as, to sell one's country.

3. To yield or give for a consideration. The troops fought like lions, and sold their lives dearly; that is, they yielded their lives, but first destroyed many, which made it a dear purchase for their enemies.

4. In Scripture, to give up to be harassed and made slaves.

He sold them into the hands of their enemies. Judges 2.

5. To part with; to renounce or forsake.

Buy the truth and sell it not. Proverbs 23.

To sell one's self to do evil, to give up one's self to be the slave of sin, and to work wickedness without restraint. 1 Kings 21:2 Kings 7.

Sell

SELL, verb intransitive To have commerce; to practice selling.

Shak.

2. To be sold. Corn sells at a good price.

Sellander

SEL'LANDER, noun A dry scab in a horse's hough or pastern.

Ainsworth.

Seller

SELL'ER, noun The person that sells; a vender.

Selling

SELL'ING, participle of the present tense Transferring the property of a thing for a price or equivalent in money.

2. Betraying for money.

Selvedge

SELV'EDGE, noun [Dutch zelf-kant, self-border; German sahl-leiste, hall-list. The first syllable appears to be self, and the last is edge.]

The edge of cloth, where it is closed by complicating the threads; a woven border, or border of close work. Exodus 27.

Selvedged

SELV'EDGED, adjective Having a selvedge.

Selves

SELVES, plu. of self.

Semblable

SEM'BLABLE, adjective [French] Like; similar; resembling. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Semblably

SEM'BLABLY, adverb In like manner. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Semblance

SEM'BLANCE, noun [French id.; Italian sembianza; Spanish semeja and semejanza; from the root of similar.]

1. Likeness; resemblance; actual similitude; as the semblance of worth; semblance of virtue.

The semblances and imitations of shells.

Woodward.

2. Appearance; show; figure; form.

Their semblance kind, and mild their gestures were.

Fairfax.

Semblant

SEM'BLANT, noun Show; figure; resemblance. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Semblant

SEM'BLANT, adjective Like; resembling. [Not in use.]

Prior.

Semblative

SEM'BLATIVE, adjective Resembling; fit; suitable; according to.

And all is semblative a woman's part.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

Semble

SEM'BLE, verb transitive [French sembler.] To imitate; to represent or to make similar.

Where sembling art may carve the fair effect. [Not in use.]

Prior.

Semi

SEM'I, Latin semi, Greek, in composition, signifies half.

Semi-Acidified

SEMI-ACID'IFIED, adjective or participle passive Half acidified. [See Acidify.]

Semi-Amplexicaul

SEMI-AMPLEX'ICAUL, adjective [Latin semi, amplexus, or amplector, to embrace, and caulis, stem.]

In botany, embracing the stem half way, as a leaf.

Martyn.

Semi-Annual

SEMI-AN'NUAL, adjective [semi and annual.] Half yearly.

Semi-Annually

SEMI-AN'NUALLY, adverb Every half year.

Semi-Annular

SEMI-AN'NULAR, adjective [Latin semi and annulus, a ring.]

Having the figure of a half circle; that is, half round.

Grew.

Semi-Aperture

SEMI-AP'ERTURE, noun [semi and aperture.] The half of an aperture.

Semi-Arian

SEMI-A'RIAN, noun [See Arian.] In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-arians were a branch of the Arians, who in appearance condemned the errors of Arius, but acquiesced in some of his principles, disguising them under more moderate terms. They did not acknowledge the Son to be consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the same substance, but admitted him to be of a like substance with the Father, not by nature, but by a peculiar privilege.

Encyc.

Semi-Arian

SEMI-A'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to semi-arianism.

Semi-Arianism

SEMI-A'RIANISM, noun The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-arians. The semi-arianism of modern times consists in maintaining the Son to have been from all eternity begotten by the will of the Father.

Encyc.

Semi-Barbarian

SEMI-BARBA'RIAN, adjective [semi and barbarian.] Half savage; partially civilized.

Mitford.

Semibreve

SEM'IBREVE, noun [semi and breve; formerly written semibref.]

In music, a note of half the duration or time of the breve. It is now the measure note by which all others are regulated. It contains the time of two minims, four crotchets, eight quavers, sixteen semiquavers and thirty two demisemiquavers.

Semi-Calcined

SEMI-CAL'CINED, adjective [semi and calcine.] Half calcined; as semi-calcined iron.

Kirwan.

Semi-Castrate

SEMI-CAS'TRATE, verb transitive To deprive of one testicle.

Semi-Castration

SEMI-CASTRA'TION, noun Half castration; deprivation of one testicle.

Brown.

Semicircle

SEM'ICIRCLE, noun [semi and circle.] The half of a circle; the part of a circle comprehended between its diameter and half of its circumference.

Encyc.

2. Any body in the form of a half circle.

Semicircled

SEM'ICIRCLED, or SEMICIR'CULAR, adjective Having the form of a half circle. [Semicircular is generally used.]

Addison.

Semicolon

SEM'ICOLON, noun [semi and colon.] In grammar and punctuation, the point [;] the mark of a pause to be observed-in reading or speaking, of less duration than the colon, double the duration of the comma, or half the duration of the period. It is used to distinguish the conjunct members of a sentence.

Encyc.

Semi-Columnar

SEMI-COLUM'NAR, adjective [semi and columnar.]

Like a half column; flat on one side and round on the other; a term of botany, applied to a stem, leaf or petiole.

Martyn.

Semi-Compact

SEMI-COM'PACT, adjective [semi and compact.] Half compact; imperfectly indurated.

Kirwan.

Semi-Crustaceous

SEMI-CRUSTA'CEOUS, adjective [semi and crustaceous.] Half crustaceous.

Nat. Hist.

Semi-Cylindric

SEMI-CYLIN'DRIC, or SEMI-CYLIN'DRICAL, adjective [semi and cylindric.] Half cylindrical.

Lee.

Semi-Deistical

SEMI-DEIS'TICAL, adjective Half deistical; bordering on deism.

S. Miller.

Semi-Diameter

SEMI-DIAM'ETER, noun [semi and diameter.]

Half the diameter; a right line or the length of a right line drawn from the center of a circle or sphere to its circumference or periphery; a radius.

Encyc.

Semi-Diapason

SEMI-DIAPA'SON, noun [semi and diapason.] In music, an imperfect octave, or an octave diminished by a lesser semitone.

Encyc.

Semi-Diapente

SEMI-DIAPEN'TE, noun An imperfect fifth; a hemi-diapente.

Busby.

Semi-Diaphaneity

SEMI-DIAPHANE'ITY, noun [See Semidiaphanous.]

Half or imperfect transparency. [Little used.]

Boyle.

[Instead of this, translucency is now used.]

Semi-Diaphanous

SEMI-DIAPH'ANOUS, adjective [semi and diaphanous.] Half or imperfectly transparent.

Woodward.

[Instead of this, translucent is now used.]

Semi-Diatessaron

SEMI-DIATES'SARON, noun [semi and diatessaron.]

In music, an imperfect or defective fourth.

Semi-Ditone

SEM'I-DITONE, noun [semi and Italian ditono.] In music, a lesser third, having its terms as 6 to 5; a hemi-ditone.

Encyc.

Semi-Double

SEM'I-DOUBLE, noun [semi and double.] In the Romish breviary, an office or feast celebrated with less solemnity than the double ones, but with more than the single ones.

Bailey.

Semifloret

SEM'IFLORET, noun [semi and floret.] A half floret, which is tubulous at the beginning, like a floret, and afterwards expanded in the form of a tongue.

Bailey.

Semiflosculous

SEMIFLOS'CULOUS, adjective [semi and Latin flosculus, a little flower. Semifloscular is also used, but is less analogical.]

Composed of semiflorets; ligulate; as a semiflosculous flower.

Martyn.

Semi-Fluid

SEMI-FLU'ID, adjective [semi and fluid.] Imperfectly fluid.

Arbuthnot.

Semi-Formed

SEM'I-FORMED, adjective [semi and formed.] Half formed; imperfectly formed; as semi-formed crystals.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Semi-Indurated

SEMI-IN'DURATED, adjective [semi and indurated.] Imperfectly indurated or hardened.

Semi-Lapidified

SEMI-LAPID'IFIED, adjective [semi and lapidified.] Imperfectly changed into stone.

Kirwan.

Semi-Lenticular

SEMI-LENTIC'ULAR, adjective [semi and lenticular.]

Half lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a lens.

Kirwan.

Semilunar

SEMILU'NAR, or SEMILU'NARY, adjective [French semilunaire; Latin semi and luna, moon.] Resembling in form a half moon.

Grew.

Semi-Metal

SEM'I-METAL, noun [semi and metal.] An imperfect metal, or rather a metal that is not malleable, as bismuth, arsenic, nickel, cobalt, zink, antimony, manganese, tungsten, molybden, and uranite. The name however is usually given to the regulus of these substances.

Nicholson.

Semi-Metallic

SEMI-METAL'LIC, adjective Pertaining to a semi-metal, or partaking of its nature and qualities.

Kirwan.

Seminal

SEM'INAL, adjective [French from Latin seminalis, from semen, seed; from the root of sow.]

1. Pertaining to seed, or to the elements of production.

2. Contained in seed; radical; rudimental; original; as seminal principles of generation; seminal virtue.

Glanville. Swift.

Seminal leaf, the same as seed-leaf.

Seminal

SEM'INAL, noun Seminal state.

Brown.

Seminality

SEMINAL'ITY, noun The nature of seed; or the power of being produced.

Brown.

Seminarist

SEM'INARIST, noun [from seminary.] A Romish priest educated in a seminary.

Sheldon.

Seminary

SEM'INARY, noun [French seminaire; Latin seminarium, from semen, seed; semino, to sow.]

1. A seed-plat; ground where seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation; a nursery; as, to transplant trees from a seminary.

Mortimer.

[In this sense, the word is not used in America; being superseded by nursery.]

2. The place or original stock whence any thing is brought.

This stratum, being the seminary or promptuary, furnishing matter for the formation of animal and vegetable bodiesÃ‚--

Woodward.

[Not in use.]

3. Seminal state. [Not in use.]

Brown.

4. Source of propagation.

Harvey.

5. A place of education; any school, academy, college or university, in which young persons are instructed in the several branches of learning which may qualify them for their future employments. [This is the only signification of the word in the United States, at least as far as my knowledge extends.]

6. A Romish priest educated in a seminary; a seminarist.

B. Jonson.

Seminary

SEM'INARY, adjective Seminal; belonging to seed.

Smith.

Seminate

SEM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin semino.] To sow; to spread; to propagate.

Waterhouse.

Semination

SEMINA'TION, noun [Latin seminatio.] The act of sowing.

Wotton.

2. In botany, the natural dispersion of seeds.

Martyn.

Semined

SEM'INED, adjective Thick covered, as with seeds. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Seminiferous

SEMINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin semen, seed, and fero, to produce.]

Seed-bearing; producing seed.

Darwin.

Seminific

SEMINIF'IC, or SEMINIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin semen, seed, and facio, to make.] Forming or producing seed.

Brown.

Seminification

SEMINIFICA'TION, noun Propagation from the seed or seminal parts.

Hale.

Semi-Opake

SEMI-OPA'KE, or SEMI-OPA'COUS, adjective [Latin semi and opacus.] Half transparent only.

Boyle.

Semi-Opal

SEM'I-OPAL, noun A variety of opal.

Jameson.

Semi-Orbicular

SEMI-ORBIC'ULAR, adjective [semi and orbicular.]

Having the shape of a half orb or sphere.

Martyn.

Semi-Ordinate

SEMI-OR'DINATE, noun [semi and ordinate.]

In conic sections, a line drawn at right angles to and bisected by the axis, and reaching from one side of the section to the other; the half of which is properly the semi-ordinate, but is now called the ordinate.

Semi-Osseous

SEMI-OS'SEOUS, adjective [semi and osseous.]

Half as hard as bone.

Med. and Phys. Journal.

Semi-Ovate

SEMI-O'VATE, adjective [semi and ovate.] Half egg-shaped.

Lee.

Semi-Oxygenated

SEMI-OX'YGENATED, adjective Half saturated with oxygen.

Kirwan.

Semi-Palmate

SEMI-PAL'MATE, or SEMI-PAL'MATED, adjective [semi and palmate.] Half palmated or webbed.

Nat. Hist.

Semiped

SEM'IPED, noun [semi and Latin pes, a foot.]

A half foot in poetry.

Semipedal

SEMIPE'DAL, adjective Containing a half foot.

Semi-Pelagian

SEMI-PELA'GIAN, noun In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-pelagians are persons who retain some tincture of the doctrines of Pelagius. See Pelagianism. They hold that God has not by predestination dispensed his grace to one more than to another; that Christ died for all men; that the grace purchased by Christ and necessary to salvation, is offered to all men; that man, before he receives grace, is capable of faith and holy desires; and that man being born free, is capable of accepting grace, or of resisting its influences.

Encyc.

Semi-Pelagian

SEMI-PELA'GIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Semi-pelagians, or their tenets.

Semi-Pelagianism

SEMI-PELA'GIANISM, noun The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-pelagians, supra.

Semi-Pellucid

SEMI-PELLU'CID, adjective [semi and pellucid.]

Half clear, or imperfectly transparent; as a semi-pellucid gem.

Woodward.

Semi-Pellucidity

SEMI-PELLUCID'ITY, noun The quality or state of being imperfectly transparent.

Semi-Perspicuous

SEMI-PERSPIC'UOUS, adjective [semi and perspicuous.]

Half transparent; imperfectly clear.

Grew.

Semi-Phlogisticated

SEMI-PHLOGIS'TICATED, adjective [semi and phlogisticated.] Partially impregnated with phlogiston.

Semi-Primigenous

SEMI-PRIMIG'ENOUS, adjective [semi and primigenous.]

In geology, of a middle nature between substances of primary and secondary formation.

Kirwan.

Semi-Proof

SEM'I-PROOF, noun [semi and proof.] Half proof; evidence from the testimony of a single witness. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Semi-Protolite

SEMI-PRO'TOLITE, noun [semi and Greek, first, and, stone.]

A species of fossil of a middle nature between substances of primary and those of secondary formation.

Kirwan.

Semi-Quadrate

SEMI-QUAD'RATE, or SEMI-QUAR'TILE, noun [Latin semi and quadratus, or quartus, fourth.]

An aspect of the planets, when distant from each other the half of a quadrant, or forty five degrees, one sign and a half.

Bailey.

Semiquaver

SEM'IQUAVER, noun [semi and quaver.] In music, a note of half the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the semibreve.

Semiquaver

SEM'IQUAVER, verb transitive To sound or sing in semiquavers.

Cowper.

Semi-Quintile

SEMI-QUIN'TILE, noun [Latin semi and quintilis.]

An aspect of the planets, when distant from each other half of the quintile, or thirty six degrees.

Bailey.

Semi-Savage

SEMI-SAV'AGE, adjective [semi and savage.]

Half savage; half barbarian.

Semi-Savage

SEMI-SAV'AGE, noun One who is half savage or imperfectly civilized.

J. Barlow.

Semi-Sextile

SEMI-SEX'TILE, noun [semi and sextile.] An aspect of the planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty degrees.

Bailey.

Semi-Spheric

SEMI-SPHER'IC, or SEMI-SPHER'ICAL, adjective [semi and spherical.] Having the figure of a half sphere.

Kirwan.

Semi-Spheroidal

SEMI-SPHEROID'AL, adjective [semi and spheroidal.] Formed like a half spheroid.

Semitertian

SEMITER'TIAN, adjective [semi and tertian.]

Compounded of a tertian and quotidian ague.

Semitertian

SEMITER'TIAN, noun An intermittent compounded of a tertian and a quotidian.

Bailey.

Semitone

SEM'ITONE, noun [semi and tone.] In music, half a tone; an interval of sound, as between mi and fa in the diatonic scale, which is only half the distance of the interval between ut and re, or sol and la. It is the smallest interval admitted in modern music.

Encyc. Busby.

Semitonic

SEMITON'IC, adjective Pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone.

Semi-Transept

SEMI-TRAN'SEPT, noun [semi and transept; Latin trans and septum.] The half of a transept or cross aisle.

Semi-Transparent

SEMI-TRANSPA'RENT, adjective [semi and transparent.] Half or imperfectly transparent.

Semi-Transparency

SEMI-TRANSPA'RENCY, noun Imperfect transparency; partial opakeness.

Semi-Vitreous

SEMI-VIT'REOUS, adjective Partially vitreous.

Bigelow.

Semi-Vitrification

SEMI-VITRIFICA'TION, noun [semi and vitrification.] The state of being imperfectly vitrified.

2. A substance imperfectly vitrified.

Semi-Vitrified

SEMI-VIT'RIFIED, adjective [See Vitrify.] Half or imperfectly vitrified; partially converted into glass.

Semi-Vocal

SEM'I-VOCAL, adjective [semi and vocal.] Pertaining to a semi-vowel; half vocal; imperfectly sounding.

Semi-Vowel

SEM'I-VOWEL, noun [semi and vowel.] In grammar, a half vowel, or an articulation which is accompanied with an imperfect sound. Thus el, em, en, though uttered with close organs, do not wholly interrupt the sound; and they are called semi-vowels.

Sempervirent

SEMPERVI'RENT, adjective [Latin semper, always, and virens, flourishing.]

Always fresh; evergreen.

Lee.

Sempervive

SEM'PERVIVE, noun [Latin semper, always, and vivus, alive.] A plant.

Bacon.

Sempiternal

SEMPITERN'AL, adjective [French sempiternel; Latin sempiternus; semper, always, and eternus, eternal.]

1. Eternal in futurity; everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no end.

2. Eternal; everlasting.

Blackmore.

Sempiternity

SEMPITERN'ITY, noun [Latin sempiternitas.] Future duration without end.

Hale.

Semster

SEM'STER, noun A seamster; a man who uses a needle. [Not in use.]

Sen

SEN, adverb This word is used by some of our common people for since. It seems to be a contraction of since, or it is the Swedish sen, Danish seen, slow, late.

Senary

SEN'ARY, adjective [Latin seni, senarius.] Of six; belonging to six; containing six.

Senate

SEN'ATE, noun [French senat; Italian senato; Spanish senado; Latin senatus, from senex, old, Irish sean, Welsh hen; Arabic sanna, or sanah, to be advanced in years. Under the former verb is the Arabic word signifying a tooth, showing that this is only a dialectical variation of the Hebrew. The primary sense is to extend, to advance or to wear. A senate was originally a council of elders.]

1. An assembly or council of senators; a body of the principal inhabitants of a city or state, invested with a share in the government. The senate of ancient Rome was one of the most illustrious bodies of men that ever bore this name. Some of the Swiss cantons have a senate, either legislative or executive.

2. In the United States, senate denotes the higher branch or house of a legislature. Such is the senate of the United States, or upper house of the congress; and in most of the states, the higher and least numberous branch of the legislature, is called the senate. In the U. States, the senate is an elective body.

3. In a looser sense, any legislative or deliberative body of men; as the eloquence of the senate.

Senate-House

SEN'ATE-HOUSE, noun A house in which a senate meets, or a place of public council.

Shak.

Senator

SEN'ATOR, noun A member of a senate. In Rome one of the qualifications of a senator was the possession of property to the amount of 80,000 sesterces, about ?7000 sterling, or thirty thousand dollars. In

Scotland, the lords of session are called senators of the college of justice.

2. A counselor; a judge or magistrate. Psalm 105.

Senatorial

SENATO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to a senate; becoming a senator; as senatorial robes; senatorial eloquence.

2. Entitled to elect a senator; as a senatorial district.

U. States.

Senatorially

SENATO'RIALLY, adverb In the manner of a senate; with dignity or solemnity.

Senatorship

SEN'ATORSHIP, noun The office or dignity of a senator.

Carew.

Send

SEND, verb transitive pret. and pp. sent. [Saxon sendan; Gothic sandyan; Dutch zenden; German senden; Swedish s?nda; Danish sender.]

1. In a general sense, to throw, cast or thrust; to impel or drive by force to a distance, either with the hand or with an instrument or by other means. We send a ball with the hand or with a bat; a bow sends an arrow; a cannon sends a shot; a trumpet sends the voice much farther than the unassisted organs of speech.

2. To cause to be conveyed or transmitted; as, to send letters or dispatches from one country to another.

3. To cause to go or pass from place to place; as, to send a messenger from London to Madrid.

4. To commission, authorize or direct to go and act.

I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jeremiah 23.

5. To cause to come or fall; to bestow.

He sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Matthew 5.

6. To cause to come or fall; to inflict.

The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation and rebuke. Deuteronomy 28.

If I send pestilence among my people. 2 Chronicles 7.

7. To propagate; to diffuse.

Cherubic songs by night from neighb'ring hills

Aerial music send.

Milton.

To send away, to dismiss; to cause to depart.

To send forth or out, to produce; to put or bring forth; as, a tree sends forth branches.

2. To emit; as, flowers send forth their fragrance. James 3.

Send

SEND, verb intransitive To dispatch an agent or messenger for some purpose.

See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away my head? 2 Kings 6.

So we say, we sent to invite guests; we sent to inquire into the facts.

To send for, to request or require by message to come or be brought; as, to send for a physician; to send for a coach. But these expressions are elliptical.

Sendal

SEN'DAL, noun [Spanish cendal.] A light thin stuff of silk or thread. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Sender

SEND'ER, noun One that sends.

Shak.

Senega

SEN'EGA, or SEN'EKA, noun A plant called rattlesnake root, of the genus Polygala.

Senescence

SENES'CENCE, noun [Latin senesco, from senex, old. See Senate.]

The state of growing old; decay by time.

Woodward.

Seneschal

SEN'ESCHAL, noun [French sÃƒ-©nÃƒ-©chal; Italian siniscalco; Spanish senescal; German seneschall. The origin and signification of the first part of the word are not ascertained. The latter part is the Teutonic schalk or scealc, a servant, as in marshal.]

A steward; an officer in the houses of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintendance of feasts and domestic ceremonies. In some instances, the seneschal is an officer who has the dispensing of justice, as the high seneschal of England, &c.

Encyc.

Sengreen

SEN'GREEN, noun A plant, the houseleek, of the genus Sempervivum.

Fam. of Plants.

Senile

SE'NILE, adjective [Latin senilis.] Pertaining to old age; proceeding from age.

Boyle.

Senility

SENIL'ITY, noun Old age. [Not much used.]

Boswell.

Senior

SENIOR, a. see'nyor. [Latin senior, comp. of senex, old. See Senate.]

Elder or older; but as an adjective, it usually signifies older in office; as the senior pastor of a church, where there are colleagues; a senior counselor. In such use, senior has no reference to age, for a senior counselor may be, and often is the younger man.

Senior

SENIOR, n. see'nyor. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in life.

2. One that is older in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was anterior to that of another. Thus a senator or counselor of sixty years of age, often has a senior who is not fifty years of age.

3. An aged person; one of the oldest inhabitants.

A senior of the place replies.

Dryden.

Seniority

SENIOR'ITY, noun Eldership; superior age; priority of birth. He is the elder brother, and entitled to the place by seniority.

2. Priority in office; as the seniority of a pastor or counselor.

Senna

SEN'NA, noun [Pers. Arabic sana. Qu. from Chaldee Syriac, to strain, purge, purify. The common pronunciation, seena, is incorrect.]

The leaf of the cassia senna, a native of the east, used as a cathartic.

Sennight

SENNIGHT, n. sen'nit. [contracted from sevennight, as fortnight from fourteen-night.]

The space of seven nights and days; a week. The court will be held this day sennight, that is, a week from this day; or the court will be held next Tuesday sennight, a week from next Tuesday.

Senocular

SENOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin seni, six, and oculus, the eye.] Having six eyes.

Most animals are binocular, spiders octonocular, and some senocular.

Derham.

Sensated

SENS'ATED, adjective [See Sense.] Perceived by the senses. [Not used.]

Hooke.

Sensation

SENSA'TION, noun [French; Italian sensazione; Spanish sensacion; from Latin sensus, sentio, to perceive. See Sense.]

The perception of external objects by means of the senses.

Encyc.

Sensation is an exertion or change of the central parts of the sensorium, or of the whole of it, beginning at some of those extreme parts of it which reside in the muscles or organs of sense. The secretion of tears in grief is caused by the sensation of pain. Efforts of the will are frequently accompanied by painful or pleasurable sensations.

Darwin.

Sense

SENSE, n. sens. [French sens; Italian senso; Spanish sentido; from Latin sensus, from sentio, to feel or perceive; Welsh syniaw, id.; syn, sense, feeling, perception; German sinn, sense, mind, intention; Dutch zin; Swedish sinne; Danish sind, sands.]

1. The faculty of the soul by which it perceives external objects by means of impressions made on certain organs of the body.

Encyc.

Sense is a branch of perception. The five senses of animals are sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste.

2. Sensation; perception by the senses.

Bacon.

3. Perception by the intellect; apprehension; discernment.

This Basilius, having the quick sense of a loverÃ‚--

Sidney.

4. Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception.

Shak.

5. Understanding; soundness of faculties; strength of natural reason.

Opprest nature sleeps;

This rest might yet have balm'd thy broken senses.

Shak.

6. Reason; reasonable or rational meaning.

He raves; his words are loose

As heaps of sand, and scattering wide from sense.

Dryden.

7. Opinion; notion; judgment.

I speak my private but impartial sense

With freedom.

Roscommon.

8. Consciousness; conviction; as a due sense of our weakness or sinfulness.

9. Moral perception.

Some are so hardened in wickedness, as to have no sense of the most friendly offices.

L'Estrange.

10. Meaning; import; signification; as the true sense of words or phrases. In interpretation, we are to examine whether words are to be understood in a literal or figurative sense. So we speak of a legal sense, a grammatical sense, an historical sense, &c.

Common sense, that power of the mind which, by a kind of instinct, or a short process of reasoning, perceives truth, the relation of things, cause and effect, &c. and hence enables the possessor to discern what is right, useful, expedient or proper, and adopt the best means to accomplish his purpose. This power seems to be the gift of nature, improved by experience and observation.

Moral sense, a determination of the mind to be pleased with the contemplation of those affections, actions or characters of rational agents, which are called good or virtuous.

Encyc.

Sensed

SENS'ED, participle passive Perceived by the senses. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Senseful

SENSEFUL, a. sens'ful. Reasonable; judicious. [Not in use.]

Norris.

Senseless

SENSELESS, a. sens'less. Wanting the faculty of perception. The body when dead is senseless; but a limb or other part of the body may be senseless, when the rest of the body enjoys its usual sensibility.

2. Unfeeling; wanting sympathy.

The senseless grave feels not your pious sorrows.

Rowe.

3. Unreasonable; foolish; stupid.

They would repent this their senseless perverseness, when it would be too late.

Clarendon.

4. Unreasonable; stupid; acting without sense or judgment.

They were a senseless stupid race.

Swift.

5. Contrary to reason or sound judgment; as, to destroy by a senseless fondness the happiness of children.

6. Wanting knowledge; unconscious; with of; as libertines, senseless of any charm in love.

Southern.

7. Wanting sensibility or quick perception.

Peacham.

Senselessly

SENSELESSLY, adv. sens'lessly. In a senseless manner; stupidly; unreasonably; as a man senselessly arrogant.

Locke.

Senselessness

SENSELESSNESS, n. sens'lessness. Unreasonableness; folly; stupidity; absurdity.

Grew.

Sensibility

SENSIBIL'ITY, noun [French sensibilitÃƒ-©; from sensible.]

1. Susceptibility of impressions; the capacity of feeling or perceiving the impressions of external objects; applied to animal bodies; as when we say, a frozen limb has lost its sensibility.

2. Acuteness of sensation; applied to the body.

3. Capacity or acuteness of perception; that quality of the soul which renders it susceptible of impressions; delicacy of feeling; as sensibility to pleasure or pain; sensibility to shame or praise; exquisite sensibility.

4. Actual feeling.

This adds greatly to my sensibility.

Burke.

[This word is often used in this manner for sensation.]

5. It is sometimes used in the plural.

His sensibilities seem rather to have been those of patriotism, than of wounded pride.

Marshall.

Sensibilities unfriendly to happiness, may be acquired.

Encyc.

6. Nice perception, so to speak, of a balance; that quality of a balance which renders it movable with the smallest weight, or the quality or state of any instrument that renders it easily affected; as the sensibility of a balance or of a thermometer.

Lavoisier.

Sensible

SENS'IBLE, adjective [French Spanish id.; Italian sensibile.]

1. Having the capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; capable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper organs. We say, the body or the flesh is sensible, when it feels the impulse of an external body. It may be more or less sensible.

Darwin.

2. Perceptible by the senses. The light of the moon furnishes no sensible heat.

Air is sensible to the touch by its motion.

Arbuthnot.

3. Perceptible or perceived by the mind.

The disgrace was more sensible than the pain.

Temple.

4. Perceiving or having perception, either by the mind or the senses.

A man cannot think at any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it.

Locke.

5. Having moral perception; capable of being affected by moral good or evil.

If thou wert sensible of courtesy,

I should not make so great a show of zeal.

Shak.

6. Having acute intellectual feeling; being easily or strongly affected; as, to be sensible of wrong.

Dryden.

7. Perceiving so clearly as to be convinced; satisfied; persuaded.

Boswell.

They are now sensible it would have been better to comply, than to refuse.

Addison.

8. Intelligent; discerning; as a sensible man.

9. Moved by a very small weight or impulse; as, a sensible balance is necessary to ascertain exact weight.

Lavoisier.

10. Affected by a slight degree of heat or cold; as a sensible thermometer.

Thomson.

11. Containing good sense or sound reason.

He addressed Claudius in the following sensible and noble speech.

Henry.

Sensible note, in music, that which constitutes a third major above the dominant, and a semitone beneath the tonic.

Encyc.

Sensible

SENS'IBLE, noun Sensation; also, whatever may be perceived. [Little used.]

Sensibleness

SENS'IBLENESS, noun Possibility of being perceived by the senses; as the sensibleness of odor or sound.

2. Actual perception by the mind or body; as the sensibleness of an impression on the organs. [But qu.]

3. Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception; as the sensibleness of the eye.

Sharp.

4. Susceptibility; capacity of being strongly affected, or actual feeling; consciousness; as the sensibleness of the soul and sorrow for sin.

Hammond.

5. Intelligence; reasonableness; good sense.

6. Susceptibility of slight impressions. [See Sensible, No. 9, 10.]

Sensibly

SENS'IBLY, adverb In a manner to be perceived by the senses; perceptibly to the senses; as pain sensibly increased; motion sensibly accelerated.

2. With perception, either of mind or body. He feels his loss very sensibly.

3. Externally; by affecting the senses.

Hooker.

4. With quick intellectual perception.

5. With intelligence or good sense; judiciously. The man converses very sensibly on all common topics.

Sensitive

SENS'ITIVE, adjective [Italian Spanish sensitivo; French sensitif; Latin sensitivus, from sensus, sentio.]

1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity of perceiving impressions from external objects; as sensitive soul; sensitive appetite; sensitive faculty.

Ray. Dryden.

2. That affects the senses; as sensitive objects.

Hammond.

3. Pertaining to the senses, or to sensation; depending on sensation; as sensitive motions; sensitive muscular motions excited by irritation.

Darwin.

Sensitively

SENS'ITIVELY, adverb In a sensitive manner.

Hammond.

Sensitive-Plant

SENS'ITIVE-PLANT, noun A plant of the genus Mimosa [mimic,] so called from the sensibility of its leaves and footstalks, which shrink, contract and fall on being slightly touched.

Encyc.

Sensorial

SENSO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium; as sensorial faculties; sensorial motions or powers.

Darwin.

Sensorium

SENSO'RIUM, or SENS'ORY, noun [from Latin sensus, sentio,] The seat of sense; the brain and nerves. Darwin uses sensorium to express not only the medullary part of the brain, spinal marrow, nerves, organs of sense and of the muscles, but also that living principle or spirit of animation which resides throughout the body, without being cognizable to our senses, except by its effects. The changes which occasionally take place in the sensorium, as during exertions of volition, or the sensations of pleasure and pain, he terms sensorial motions.

2. Organ of sense; as double sensories, two eyes, two ears, &c.

Bentley.

Sensu

SENS:U, adjective [Italian sensuale; Spanish sensual; French sensuel; from Latin sensus.]

1. Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul.

Far as creation's ample range extends,

The scale of sensual, mental pow'rs ascends.

Pope.

2. Consisting in sense, or depending on it; as sensual appetites, hunger, lust, &c.

3. Affecting the senses, or derived from them; as sensual pleasure or gratification. Hence,

4. In theology, carnal; pertaining to the flesh or body, in opposition to the spirit; not spiritual or holy; evil. James 3. Jude 19.

5. Devoted to the gratification of sense; given to the indulgence of the appetites; lewd; luxurious.

No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that in which sensual men place their felicity.

Atterbury.

Sensualist

SENS:U'ALIST, noun A person given to the indulgence of the appetites or senses; one who places his chief happiness in carnal pleasures.

South.

Sensuality

SENS:UAL'ITY, noun [Italian sensualitÃƒ- ; Spanish sensualidad; French sensualitÃƒ-©.]

Devotedness to the gratification of the bodily appetites; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures.

Those pamper'd animals

That rage in savage sensuality.

Shak.

They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by any sensuality.

Addison.

Sensualize

SENS':UALIZE, verb transitive To make sensual; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure; to debase by carnal gratifications; as sensualized by pleasure.

Pope.

By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are sensualized.

T. H. Skinner.

Sensually

SENS':UALLY, adverb In a sensual manner.

Sensuous

SENS':UOUS, adjective [from sense.] Tender; pathetic. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Sent

SENT, pret. and participle passive of send.

Sentence

SEN'TENCE, noun [French; Italian sentenza; Spanish sentencia; from Latin sententia, from sentio, to think.]

1. In law, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a criminal; a judicial decision publicly and officially declared in a criminal prosecution. In technical language, sentence is used only for the declaration of judgment against one convicted of a crime. In civil cases, the decision of a court is called a judgment. In criminal cases, sentence is a judgment pronounced; doom.

2. In language not technical, a determination or decision given, particularly a decision that condemns, or an unfavorable determination.

Let him set out some of Luther's works, that by them we may pass sentence upon his doctrines.

Atterbury.

3. An opinion; judgment concerning a controverted point. Acts 15.

4. A maxim; an axiom; a short saying containing moral instruction.

Broome.

5. Vindication of one's innocence. Psalm 17.

6. In grammar, a period; a number of words containing complete sense or a sentiment, and followed by a full pause. Sentences are simple or compound. A simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb; as, ``the Lord reigns.' A compound sentence contains two or more subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse,

He fills, he bounds, connects and equals all.

Pope.

A dark sentence, a saying not easily explained. Danish viii.

Sentence

SEN'TENCE, verb transitive To pass or pronounce the judgment of a court on; to doom; as, to sentence a convict to death, to transportation, or to imprisonment.

2. To condemn; to doom to punishment.

Nature herself is sentenc'd in your doom.

Dryden.

Sentential

SENTEN'TIAL, adjective Comprising sentences.

Newcome.

2. Pertaining to a sentence or full period; as a sentential pause.

Sheridan.

Sententious

SENTEN'TIOUS, adjective [French sententieux; Italian sentenzioso.]

1. Abounding with sentences, axioms and maxims; short and energetic; as a sententious style or discourse; sententious truth.

Waller.

How he apes his sire,

Ambitiously sententious.

Addison.

2. Comprising sentences; as sententious marks.

Grew.

[This should be sentential.]

Sententiously

SENTEN'TIOUSLY, adverb In short expressive periods; with striking brevity.

Nausicaa delivers her judgment sententiously, to give it more weight.

Broome.

Sententiousness

SENTEN'TIOUSNESS, noun Pithiness of sentences; brevity with strength.

The Medea I esteem for its gravity and sententiousness.

Dryden.

Sentery, and sentry, are corrupted from sentinel.

Sentient

SENTIENT, a. sen'shent. [Latin sentiens, sentio.]

That perceives; having the faculty of perception. Man is a sentient being; he possesses a sentient principle.

Sentient

SEN'TIENT, noun A being or person that has the faculty of perception.

2. He that perceives.

Glanville.

Sentiment

SEN'TIMENT, noun [French id.; Italian sentimento; Spanish sentimiento; from Latin sentio, to feel, perceive or think.]

1. Properly, a thought prompted by passion or feeling.

Kames.

2. In a popular sense, thought; opinion; notion; judgment; the decision of the mind formed by deliberation or reasoning. Thus in deliberative bodies, every man has the privilege of delivering his sentiments upon questions, motions and bills.

3. The sense, thought or opinion contained in words, but considered as distinct from them. We may like the sentiment, when we dislike the language.

4. Sensibility; feeling.

Sheridan.

Sentimental

SENTIMENT'AL, adjective Abounding with sentiment, or just opinions or reflections; as a sentimental discourse.

2. Expressing quick intellectual feeling.

3. Affecting sensibility; in a contemptuous sense.

Sheridan.

Sentimentalist

SENTIMENT'ALIST, noun One that affects sentiment, fine feeling or exquisite sensibility.

Sentimentality

SENTIMENTAL'ITY, noun Affectation of fine feeling or exquisite sensibility.

Warton.

Sentinel

SENT'INEL, noun [French sentinelle; Italian Portugese sentinella; Spanish centinela; from Latin sentio, to perceive.]

In military affairs, a soldier set to watch or guard an army, camp or other place from surprise, to observe the approach of danger and give notice of it. In popular use, the word is contracted into sentry.

Sentry

SEN'TRY, noun [See Sentinel.]

2. Guard; watch; the duty of a sentinel.

O'er my slumbers sentry keep.

Brown.

Sentry-Box

SEN'TRY-BOX, noun A box to cover a sentinel at his post, and shelter him from the weather.

Sepal

SE'PAL, noun [from Latin sepio.] In botany, the small leaf or part of a calyx.

Necker.

Decandolle.

Separability

SEPARABIL'ITY, noun [from separable.] The quality of being separable, or of admitting separation or disunion.

Separability is the greatest argument of real distinction.

Glanville.

Separable

SEP'ARABLE, adjective [French from Latin separabilis. See Separate.]

That may be separated, disjoined, disunited or rent; as the separable parts of plants; qualities not separable from the substance in which they exist.

Separableness

SEP'ARABLENESS, noun The quality of being capable of separation or disunion.

Trials permit me not to doubt of the separableness of a yellow tincture from gold.

Boyle.

Separate

SEP'ARATE, verb transitive [Latin separo; French separer; Italian separare; Spanish separar; Russian razberayu. The Latin word is compounded of se, a prefix, and paro, evidently coinciding with the oriental or, the sense of which is to throw or drive off. Class Br. No. 7. 8. 9. 10. See Pare and Parry.]

1. To disunite; to divide; to sever; to part, in almost any manner, either things naturally or casually joined. The parts of a solid substance may be separated by breaking, cutting or splitting, or by fusion, decomposition or natural dissolution. A compound body may be separated into its constituent parts. Friends may be separated by necessity, and must be separated by death. The prism separates the several kinds of colored rays. A riddle separates the chaff from the grain.

2. To set apart from a number for a particular service.

Separate me Barnabas and Saul. Acts 13.

3. To disconnect; as, to separate man and wife by divorce.

4. To make a space between. The Atlantic separates Europe from America. A narrow strait separates Europe from Africa.

To separate one's self, to withdraw; to depart.

Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. Genesis 13.

Separate

SEP'ARATE, verb intransitive To part; to be disunited; to be disconnected; to withdraw from each other. The parties separated, and each retired.

2. To cleave; to open; as, the parts of a substance separate by drying or freezing.

Separate

SEP'ARATE, adjective [Latin separatus.] Divided from the rest; being parted from another; disjoined; disconnected; used of things that have been united or connected. Genesis 49:2 Corinthians 6.

2. Unconnected; not united; distinct; used of things that have not been connected.

Christ was holy, harmless, undefiled, and separate from sinners. Hebrews 7.

3. Disunited from the body; as a separate spirit; the separate state of souls.

Locke.

Separated

SEP'ARATED, participle passive Divided; parted; disunited; disconnected.

Separately

SEP'ARATELY, adverb In a separate or unconnected state; apart; distinctly; singly. The opinions of the council were separately taken.

Separateness

SEP'ARATENESS, noun The state of being separate.

Separating

SEP'ARATING, participle of the present tense Dividing; disjoining; putting or driving asunder; disconnecting; decomposing.

Separation

SEPARA'TION, noun [French from Latin separatio; Italian separazione; Spanish separacion.]

1. The act of separating, severing or disconnecting; disjunction; as the separation of the soul from the body.

2. The state of being separate; disunion; disconnection.

All the days of his separation he is holy to the Lord. Numbers 6.

3. The operation of disuniting or decomposing substances; chimical analysis.

Bacon.

4. Divorce; disunion of married persons.

Shak.

Separatist

SEP'ARATIST, noun [French sÃƒ-©paratiste.] One that withdraws from a church, or rather from an established church, to which he has belonged; a dissenter; a seceder; a schismatic; a sectary.

Bacon.

Separator

SEP'ARATOR, noun One that divides or disjoins; a divider.

Separatory

SEP'ARATORY, adjective That separates; as separatory ducts. [Little used.]

Cheyne.

Separatory

SEP'ARATORY, noun A chimical vessel for separating liquors; and a surgical instrument for separating the pericranium from the cranium.

Parr.

Sepawn

SEPAWN', or SEPON', noun A species of food consisting of meal of maiz boiled in water. It is in New York and Pennsylvania what hasty-pudding is in New England.

Sepiment

SEP'IMENT, noun [Latin sepimentum, from sepio, to inclose.]

A hedge; a fence; something that separates or defends.

Sepose

SEPO'SE, v. t. sepo'ze. [Latin sepono, sepositus.] To set apart. [Not in use.]

Donne.

Seposition

SEPOSI'TION, noun The act of setting apart; segregation. [Not in use.]

Taylor.

Sepoy

SE'POY, noun A native of India, employed as a soldier in the service of European powers.

Seps

SEPS, noun [Latin from Greek. Cuvier.] A species of venomous eft or lizard.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

A genus of lizards, the efts, closely resembling the serpents, from which they scarcely differ, except in their short and often indistinct feet, and the marks of an external auditory orifice.

Ed. Encyc.

Sept

SEPT, noun [Qu. sapia, in the Latin prosapia; or Hebrew. See Class Sb. No. 23.]

A clan, race or family, proceeding from a common progenitor; used of the races or families in Ireland.

Spenser. Davies.

Septangular

SEPTAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin septem, seven, and angulus, angle.] Having seven angles or sides.

Septaria

SEPTA'RIA, noun [Latin septa, partitions.] A name given to nodules or spheroidal masses of calcarious marl, whose interior presents numerous fissures or seams of some crystalized substance, which divide the mass.

Cleaveland.

September

SEPTEM'BER, noun [Latin from septem, seven; French septembre; Italian settembre; Spanish septiembre.]

The seventh month from March, which was formerly the first month of the year. September is now the ninth month of the year.

Septempartite

SEPTEM'PARTITE, adjective Divided into seven parts.

Journ. of Science.

Septenary

SEP'TENARY, adjective [French septÃƒ-©naire; Italian settenario; Spanish septenario; Latin septenarius, from septem, seven.]

Consisting of seven; as a septenary number.

Watts.

Septenary

SEP'TENARY, noun The number seven.

Burnet.

Septennial

SEPTEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin septennis; septem, seven, and annus, year.]

1. Lasting or continuing seven years; as septennial parliaments.

2. Happening or returning once in every seven years; as septennial elections in England.

Septentrion

SEPTEN'TRION, noun [French from Latin septentrio.] The north or northern regions.

Shak.

Septentrion

SEPTEN'TRION, or SEPTEN'TRIONAL, adjective [Latin septentrionalis.] Northern; pertaining to the north.

Ã‚--From cold septentrion blasts.

Milton.

Septentrionality

SEPTENTRIONAL'ITY, noun Northerliness. [A bad word.]

Septentrionally

SEPTEN'TRIONALLY, adverb Northerly; towards the north. [A bad word.]

Brown.

Septentrionate

SEPTEN'TRIONATE, verb intransitive To tend northerly.

Brown.

[This word septentrion and its derivatives are hardly anglicized; they are harsh, unnecessary and little used, and may well be suffered to pass into disuse.]

Septfoil

SEPT'FOIL, noun [Latin septem and folium; seven leafed.] A plant of the genus Tormentilla.

Septic

SEP'TIC, or SEP'TICAL, adjective [Greek, from, to putrefy.] Having power to promote putrefaction. Many experiments were made by Sir John Pringle to ascertain the septic and antiseptic virtues of natural bodies

Encyc.

2. Proceeding from or generated by putrefaction; as septic acid.

S. Latin Mitchill.

Septic

SEP'TIC, noun A substance that promotes the putrefaction of bodies.

Encyc.

Septicity

SEPTIC'ITY, noun Tendency to putrefaction.

Fourcroy.

Septilateral

SEPTILAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin septem, seven, and latus, side.]

Having seven sides; as a septilateral figure.

Brown.

Septinsular

SEPTIN'SULAR, adjective [Latin septem, seven, and insula, isle.]

Consisting of seven isles; as the septinsular republic of the Ionian isles.

Quart. Rev.

Septuagenary

SEPTUAG'ENARY, adjective [French septuagÃƒ-©naire; Latin septuagenarius, from septuaginta, seventy.] Consisting of seventy.

Brown.

Septuagenary

SEPTUAG'ENARY, noun A person seventy years of age.

Septuagesima

SEPTUAGES'IMA, noun [Latin septuagesimus, seventieth.]

The third Sunday before Lent, or before Quadragesima Sunday, supposed to be so called because it is about seventy days before Easter.

Encyc.

Septuagesimal

SEPTUAGES'IMAL, adjective [supra.] Consisting of seventy.

Our abridged and septuagesimal age.

Brown.

Septuagint

SEP'TUAGINT, noun [Latin septuaginta, seventy; septem, seven, and some word signifying ten.]

A Greek version of the Old Testament, so called because it was the work of seventy, or rather of seventy two interpreters. This translation from the Hebrews is supposed to have been made in the reign and by the order of Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, about two hundred and seventy or eighty years before the birth of Christ.

Encyc.

Septuagint

SEP'TUAGINT, adjective Pertaining to the Septuagint; contained in the Greek copy of the Old Testament.

The Septuagint chronology makes fifteen hundred years more from the creation to Abraham, than the present Hebrews 100opies of the Bible.

Encyc.

Septuary

SEP'TUARY, noun [Latin septem, seven.] Something composed of seven; a week. [Little used.]

Ash. Cole.

Septuple

SEP'TUPLE, adjective [Low Latin septuplex; septem, seven. and plico, to fold.] Seven fold; seven times as much.

Sepulcher

SEP'ULCHER, noun [French sepulchre; Spanish Portugese sepulcro; Italian sepolcro; from Latin sepulchrum, from sepelio, to bury, which seems to be formed with a prefix on the Gothic filhan, to bury.]

A grave; a tomb; the place in which the dead body of a human being is interred, or a place destined for that purpose. Among the Jews, sepulchers were often excavations in rocks. Isaiah 22. Matthew 27.

Sepulcher

SEP'ULCHER, verb transitive To bury; to inter; to entomb; as obscurely sepulchered.

Prior.

Sepulchral

SEPUL'CHRAL, adjective [Latin sepulchralis, from sepulchrum.]

Pertaining to burial, to the grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of the dead; as a sepulchral stone; a sepulchral statue; a sepulchral inscription.

Milton.

Sepulture

SEP'ULTURE, noun [French from Latin sepultura, from sepelio.]

Burial; interment; the act of depositing the dead body of a human being in the grave.

Where we may royal sepulture prepare.

Dryden.

Sequacious

SEQUA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin sequax, from sequor, to follow. See Seek.] Following; attendant.

Trees uprooted left their place,

Sequacious of the lyre.

Dryden.

The fond sequacious herd.

Thomson.

2. Ductile; pliant.

The forge was easy, and the matter ductile and sequacious. [Little used.]

Ray.

Sequaciousness

SEQUA'CIOUSNESS, noun State of being sequacious; disposition to follow.

Taylor.

Sequacity

SEQUAC'ITY, noun [supra.] A following, or disposition to follow.

2. Ductility; pliableness. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Sequel

SE'QUEL, noun [French sÃƒ-©quelle; Latin Italian Spanish sequela; from Latin sequor, to follow.]

1. That which follows; a succeeding part; as the sequel of a man's adventures or history.

2. Consequence; event. Let the sun or moon cease, fail or swerve, and the sequel would be ruin.

Hooker.

3. Consequence inferred; consequentialness. [Little used.]

Whitgifte.

Sequence

SE'QUENCE, noun [French from Latin sequens, sequor; Italian seguenza.]

1. A following, or that which follows; a consequent.

Brown.

2. Order of succession.

How art thou a king

But by fair sequence and succession?

Shak.

3. Series; arrangement; method.

Bacon.

4. In music, a regular alternate succession of similar chords.

Busby.

Sequent

SE'QUENT, adjective [supra.] Following; succeeding.

Shak.

2. Consequential. [Little used.]

Sequent

SE'QUENT, noun A follower. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sequester

SEQUES'TER, verb transitive [French sÃƒ-©questrer; Italian sequestrare; Spanish sequestrar; Low Latin sequestro, to sever or separate, to put into the hands of an indifferent person, as a deposit; sequester, belonging to mediation or umpirage, and as a noun, an umpire, referee, mediator. This word is probably a compound of se and the root of quoestus, quoesitus, sought. See Question.]

1. To separate from the owner for a time; to seize or take possession of some property which belongs to another, and hold it till the profits have paid the demand for which it is taken.

Formerly the goods of a defendant in chancery, were, in the last resort, sequestered and detained to enforce the decrees of the court. And now the profits of a benefice are sequestered to pay the debts of ecclesiastics.

Blackstone.

2. To take from parties in controversy and put into the possession of an indifferent person.

Encyc.

3. To put aside; to remove; to separate from other things.

I had wholly sequestered my civil affairs.

Bacon.

4. To sequester one's self, to separate one's self from society; to withdraw or retire; to seclude one's self for the sake of privacy or solitude; as, to sequester one's self from action.

Hooker.

5. To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity.

It was his taylor and his cook, his fine fashions and his French ragouts which sequestered him.

South.

Sequester

SEQUES'TER, verb intransitive To decline, as a widow, any concern with the estate of a husband.

Sequestered

SEQUES'TERED, participle passive Seized and detained for a time, to satisfy a demand; separated; also, being in retirement; secluded; private; as a sequestered situation.

Sequestrable

SEQUES'TRABLE, adjective That may be sequestered or separated; subject or liable to sequestration.

Sequestrate

SEQUES'TRATE, verb transitive To sequester. [It is less used than sequester, but exactly synonymous.]

Sequestration

SEQUESTRA'TION, noun The act of taking a thing from parties contending for it, and entrusting it to an indifferent person.

Encyc.

2. In the civil law, the act of the ordinary, disposing of the goods and chattels of one deceased, whose estate no one will meddle with.

Encyc.

3. The act of taking property from the owner for a time, till the rents, issues and profits satisfy a demand.

4. The act of seizing the estate of a delinquent for the use of the state.

5. Separation; retirement; seclusion from society.

South.

6. State of being separated or set aside.

Shak.

7. Disunion; disjunction. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Sequestrator

SEQUESTRA'TOR, noun One that sequesters property, or takes the possession of it for a time, to satisfy a demand out of its rents or profits.

Taylor.

2. One to whom the keeping of sequestered property is committed.

Bailey.

Sequin

SE'QUIN, noun A gold coin of Venice and Turkey, of different value in different places. At Venice, its value is about 9s. 2d. sterling, or $2,04. In other parts of Italy, it is stated to be of 9s. value, or $2. It is sometimes written chequin and zechin. [See Zechin.]

Seraglio

SERAGLIO, n. seral'yo. [French sÃƒ-©rail; Spanish serrallo; Italian serraglio, from serrare, to shut or make fast, French serrer; perhaps from or. Castle deduces the word from the Persian sarai, serai, a great house, a palace. The Portuguese write the word cerralho, and French serrer, to lock, they write cerrar, as do the Spaniards.]

The palace of the Grand Seignior or Turkish sultan, or the palace of a prince. The seraglio of the sultan is a long range of buildings inhabited by the Grand Seignior and all the officers and dependents of his court; and in it is transacted all the business of government. In this also are confined the females of the harem.

Eton.

Seraph

SER'APH, noun plu. seraphs; but sometimes the Hebrew plural, seraphim, is used. [from Hebrew, to burn.] An angel of the highest order.

As full, as perfect in vile man that mourns,

As the rapt seraph that adores and burns.

Pope.

Seraphic

SERAPH'IC, or SERAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a seraph; angelic; sublime; as seraphic purity; seraphic fervor.

2. Pure; refined from sensuality.

Swift.

3. Burning or inflamed with love or zeal.

Thus St. Bonaventure was called the seraphic doctor.

Encyc.

Seraphim

SER'APHIM, noun [the Hebrew plural of seraph.]

Angels of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy.

Com. Prayer.

[It is sometimes improperly written seraphims.]

Seraskier

SERAS'KIER, noun A Turkish general or commander of land forces.

Serass

SERASS', noun A fowl of the East Indies, of the crane kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sere

SERE, adjective Dry; withered; usually written sear, which see.

Sere

SERE, noun [Qu. French serrer, to lock or make fast.] A claw or talon. [Not in use.]

Chapman.

Serenade

SERENA'DE, noun [French from Italian Spanish serenata, from Latin serenus, clear, serene.]

1. Properly, music performed in a clear night; hence, an entertainment of music given in the night by a lover to his mistress under her window. It consists generally of instrumental music, but that of the voice is sometimes added. The songs composed for these occasions are also called serenades.

Encyc.

2. Music performed in the streets during the stillness of the night; as a midnight serenade.

Addison.

Serenade

SERENA'DE, verb transitive To entertain with nocturnal music.

Spectator.

Serenade

SERENA'DE, verb intransitive To perform nocturnal music.

Tatler.

Serena Gutta

SERENA GUTTA. [See Gutta Screna.]

Serenata

SERENA'TA, noun A vocal piece of music on an amorous subject.

Busby.

Serene

SERE'NE, adjective [French serein; Italian Spanish sereno; Latin serenus; Russian ozariayu. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Arabic to shine. Class Sr. No. 2. 23. 47.]

1. Clear or fair, and calm; as a serene sky; serene air. Serene imports great purity.

2. Bright.

The moon, serene in glory, mounts the sky.

Pope.

3. Calm; unruffled; undisturbed; as a serene aspect; a serene soul.

Milton.

4. A title given to several princes and magistrates in Europe; as serene highness; most serene.

Serene

SERE'NE, noun A cold damp evening. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Serene

SERE'NE, verb transitive To make clear and calm; to quiet.

2. To clear; to brighten.

Philips.

Serenely

SERE'NELY, adverb Calmly; quietly.

The setting sun now shone serenely bright.

Pope.

2. With unruffled temper; coolly.

Prior.

Sereneness

SERE'NENESS, noun The state of being serene; serenity.

Serenitude

SEREN'ITUDE, noun Calmness. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Serenity

SEREN'ITY, noun [French serenitÃƒ-©; Latin serenitas.]

1. Clearness and calmness; as the serenity of the air or sky.

2. Calmness; quietness; stillness; peace.

A general peace and serenity newly succeeded general trouble.

Temple.

3. Calmness of mind; evenness of temper; undisturbed state; coolness.

I cannot see how any men should transgress those moral rules with confidence and serenity.

Locke.

4. A title of respect.

Milton.

Serf

SERF, noun [French serf; Latin servus. See Serve.] A servant or slave employed in husbandry, and in some countries, attached to the soil and transferred with it. The serfs in Poland are slaves.

Coxe.

Serge

SERGE, noun [French serge; Spanish xerga, coarse freeze, and jargon; Italian sargia, a coverlet; Dutch sergie.]

A woolen quilted stuff manufactured in a loom with four treddles, after the manner of ratteens.

Encyc.

Sergeant

SERGEANT, n. s`arjent. [French sergent; Italian sergente; Spanish Portugese sargento; from Latin serviens, serving, for so was this word written in Latin. But Castle deduces the word from the Persian sarchank or sarjank, a prefect, a subaltern military officer. See Cast. Col. 336. If this is correct, two different words are blended.]

1. Formerly, an officer in England, nearly answering to the more modern bailif of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest traitors and other offenders. This officer is now called serjeant at arms, or mace. There are at present other officers of an inferior kind, who attend mayors and magistrates to execute their orders.

2. In military affairs, a non-commissioned officer in a company of infantry or troop of dragoons, armed with a halbert, whose duty is to see discipline observed, to order and form the ranks, &c.

3. In England, a lawyer of the highest rank, and answering to the doctor of the civil law.

Blackstone.

4. A title sometimes given to the king's servants; as sergeant surgeon, servant surgeon.

Johnson.

Sergeantry

SERGEANTRY, n. s`arjentry. In England, sergeantry is of two kinds; grand sergeantry, and petit sergeantry. Grand sergeantry, is a particular kind of knight service, a tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some special honorary service to the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword or the like, or to be his butler, his champion or other officer at his coronation, to lead his host, to be his marshal, to blow a horn when an enemy approaches, &c.

Cowel. Blackstone.

Petit sergeantry, was a tenure by which the tenant was bound to render to the king annually some small implement of war, as a bow, a pair of spurs, a sword, a lance, or the like.

Littleton.

Sergeantship

SERGEANTSHIP, n. s`argentship. The office of a sergeant.

Serge-Maker

SERGE-MAKER, noun A manufacturer of serges.

Sericeous

SERI'CEOUS, adjective [Latin sericus, from sericum, silk.]

Pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky. In botany, covered with very soft hairs pressed close to the surface; as a sericeous leaf.

Martyn.

Series

SE'RIES, noun [Latin This word belongs probably to the Shemitic,, the primary sense of which is to stretch or strain.]

1. A continued succession of things in the same order, and bearing the same relation to each other; as a series of kings; a series of successors.

2. Sequence; order; course; succession of things; as a series of calamitous events.

3. In natural history, an order or subdivision of some class of natural bodies.

Encyc.

4. In arithmetic and algebra, a number of terms in succession, increasing or diminishing in a certain ratio; as arithmetical series and geometrical series. [See Progression.]

Serin

SER'IN, noun A song bird of Italy and Germany.

Serious

SE'RIOUS, adjective [French serieux; Spanish serio; Italian serio, serioso; Latin serius.]

1. Grave in manner or disposition; solemn; not light, gay or volatile; as a serious man; a serious habit or disposition.

2. Really intending what is said; being in earnest; not jesting or making a false pretense. Are you serious, or in jest?

3. Important; weighty; not trifling.

The holy Scriptures bring to our ears the most serious things in the world.

Young.

4. Particularly attentive to religious concerns or one's own religious state.

Seriously

SE'RIOUSLY, adverb Gravely; solemnly; in earnest; without levity. One of the first duties of a rational being is to inquire seriously why he was created, and what he is to do to answer the purpose of his creation.

Seriousness

SE'RIOUSNESS, noun Gravity of manner or of mind; solemnity. He spoke with great seriousness, or with an air of seriousness.

2. Earnest attention, particularly to religious concerns.

That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once.

Atterbury.

Sermocination

SERMOCINA'TION, noun Speech-making. [Not used.]

Peacham.

Sermocinator

SERMOCINA'TOR, noun One that makes sermons or speeches. [Not in use.]

Sermon

SER'MON, noun [French from Latin sermo, from the root of sero, the primary sense of which is to throw or thrust. See Assert, Insert.]

1. A discourse delivered in public by a licensed clergyman for the purpose of religious instruction, and usually grounded on some text or passage of Scripture. Sermons are extemporary addresses, or written discourses.

His preaching much, but more his practice wrought,

A living sermon of the truths he taught.

Dryden.

2. A printed discourse.

Sermon

SER'MON, verb transitive To discourse as in a sermon. [Little used.]

2. To tutor; to lesson; to teach. [Little used.]

Shak.

Sermon

SER'MON, verb intransitive To compose or deliver a sermon. [Little used.]

Milton.

Sermoning

SER'MONING, noun Discourse; instruction; advice. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Sermonize

SER'MONIZE, verb intransitive To preach.

Bp. Nicholson.

2. To inculcate rigid rules.

Chesterfield.

3. To make sermons; to compose or write a sermon or sermons. [This is the sense in which this verb is generally used in the U. States.]

Sermonizer

SER'MONIZER, noun One that composes sermons.

Sermonizing

SER'MONIZING, participle of the present tense Preaching; inculcating rigid precepts; composing sermons.

Sermountain

SER'MOUNTAIN, noun A plant of the genus Laserpitium; laserwort; seseli.

Lee. Johnson.

Seroon

SEROON', noun [Spanish seron, a frail or basket.]

1. A seroon of almonds is the quantity of two hundred pounds; of anise seed, from three to four hundred weight; of Castile soap, from two hundred and a half to three hundred and three quarters.

Encyc.

2. A bale or package.

Serosity

SEROS'ITY, noun [French serositÃƒ-©. See Serum.] In medicine, the watery part of the blood.

Encyc.

Serotine

SER'OTINE, noun A species of bat.

Serous

SE'ROUS, adjective [French sÃƒ-©reux. See Serum.]

1. Thin; watery; like whey; used of that part of the blood which separates in coagulation from the grumous or red part.

2. Pertaining to serum.

Arbuthnot.

Serpent

SER'PENT, noun [Latin serpens, creeping; serpo, to creep. Qu. Greek; or from a root in Sr. In Welsh, sarf, a serpent, seems to be from sÃƒ-¢r. The Sanscrit has the word sarpa, serpent.]

1. An animal of the order Serpentes, [creepers, crawlers,] of the class Amphibia. Serpents are amphibious animals, breathing through the mouth by means of lungs only; having tapering bodies, without a distinct neck; the jaws not articulated, but dilatable, and without feet, fins or ears. Serpents move along the earth by a winding motion, and with the head elevated. Some species of them are viviparous, or rather ovi-viviparous; others are oviparous; and several species are venomous.

Encyc.

2. In astronomy, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, containing, according to the British catalogue, sixty four stars.

3. An instrument of music, serving as a base to the cornet or small shawm, to sustain a chorus of singers in a large edifice. It is so called from its folds or wreaths.

Encyc.

4. Figuratively, a subtil or malicious person.

5. In mythology, a symbol of the sun.

Serpent stones or snake stones, are fossil shells of different sizes, found in strata of stones and clays.

Encyc.

Serpent-Cucumber

SERPENT-CUCUMBER, noun A plant of the genus Trichosanthes.

Serpent-Eater

SER'PENT-EATER, noun A fowl of Africa that devours serpents.

Serpent-Fish

SER'PENT-FISH, noun A fish of the genus Taenia, resembling a snake, but of a red color.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

[Qu. Cepola toenia or rubescens, Linne, the band-fish, French ruban.]

Serpents-Tongue

SER'PENT'S-TONGUE, noun A plant of the genus Ophioglossum.

Serpentaria

SERPENTA'RIA, noun A plant, called also snake root; a species of Aristolochia.

Encyc.

Serpentarius

SERPENTA'RIUS, noun A constellation in the northern hemisphere, containing seventy four stars.

Serpentine

SER'PENTINE, adjective [Latin serpentinus, from serpens.]

1. Resembling a serpent; usually, winding or turning one way and the other, like a moving serpent; anfractuous; as a serpentine road or course.

2. Spiral; twisted; as a serpentine worm of a still.

3. Like a serpent; having the color or properties of a serpent.

Serpentine tongue, in the manege. A horse is said to have a serpentine tongue, when he is constantly moving it, and sometimes passing it over the bit.

Encyc.

Serpentine verse, a verse which begins and ends with the same word.

Serpentine

SER'PENTINE, or SER'PENTINE-STONE, noun A species of talck or magnesian stone, usually of an obscure green color, with shades and spots resembling a serpent's skin.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Serpentine is often nearly allied to the harder varieties of steatite and potstone. It presents two varieties, precious serpentine, and common serpentine.

Cleaveland.

Serpentize

SER'PENTIZE, verb transitive To wind; to turn or bend, first in one direction and then in the opposite; to meander.

The road serpentized through a tall shrubbery.

Barrow, Trav. in Africa.

Serpet

SER'PET, noun A basket. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Serpiginous

SERPIG'INOUS, adjective [from Latin serpigo, from serpo, to creep.] Affected with serpigo.

Serpigo

SERPI'GO, noun [Latin from serpo, to creep.] A kind of herpes or tetter; called in popular language, a ringworm.

Encyc.

Serpulite

SER'PULITE, noun Petrified shells or fossil remains of the genus Serpula.

Jameson.

Serr

SERR, verb transitive [French serrer; Spanish Portugese cerrar.] To crowd, press or drive together. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Serrate

SER'RATE, or SER'RATED, adjective [Latin serratus, from serro, to saw; serra, a saw.] Jagged; notched; indented on the edge, like a saw. In botany, having sharp notches about the edge, pointing towards the extremity; as a serrate leaf.

When a serrate leaf has small serratures upon the large ones, it is said to be doubly serrate, as in the elm. We say also, a serrate calyx, corol or stipule.

A serrate-ciliate leaf, is one having fine hairs, like the eye lashes, on the serratures.

A serrature-toothed leaf, has the serratures toothed.

A serrulate leaf, is one finely serrate, with very small notches or teeth.

Martyn.

Serration

SERRA'TION, noun Formation in the shape of a saw.

Serrature

SER'RATURE, noun An indenting or indenture in the edge of any thing, like those of a saw.

Martyn.

Serrous

SER'ROUS, adjective Like the teeth of a saw; irregular. [Little used.]

Brown.

Serrulate

SER'RULATE, adjective Finely serrate; having very minute teeth or notches.

Martyn.

Serry

SER'RY, verb transitive [French serrer.] To crowd; to press together. [Not used.]

Milton.

Serum

SE'RUM, noun [Latin] The thin transparent part of the blood.

2. The thin part of milk; whey.

Serval

SER'VAL, noun An animal of the feline genus, resembling the lynx in form and size, and the panther in spots; a native of Malabar.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Servant

SERV'ANT, noun [French from Latin servans, from servo, to keep or hold; properly one that waits, that is, stops, holds, attends, or one that is bound.]

1. A person, male or female, that attends another for the purpose of performing menial offices for him, or who is employed by another for such offices or for other labor, and is subject to his command. The word is correlative to master. Servant differs from slave, as the servant's subjection to a master is voluntary, the slave's is not. Every slave is a servant, but every servant is not a slave.

Servants are of various kinds; as house-hold or domestic servants, menial servants; laborers, who are hired by the day, week or other term, and do not reside with their employers, or if they board in the same house, are employed abroad and not in domestic services; apprentices, who are bound for a term of years to serve a master, for the purpose of learning his trade or occupation.

In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bailifs and other agents, are servants for the time they are employed in such character, as they act in subordination to others.

2. One in a state of subjection.

3. In Scripture, a slave; a bondman; one purchased for money, and who was compelled to serve till the year of jubilee; also, one purchased for a term of years. Exodus 21.

4. The subject of a king; as the servants of David or of Saul.

The Syrians became servants to David. 2 Samuel 8.

5. A person who voluntarily serves another or acts as his minister; as Joshua was the servant of Moses, and the apostles the servants of Christ. So Christ himself is called a servant, Isaiah 42. Moses is called the servant of the Lord. Deuteronomy 34.

6. A person employed or used as an instrument in accomplishing God's purposes of mercy or wrath. So Nebuchadnezzar is called the servant of God. Jeremiah 25.

7. One who yields obedience to another. The saints are called the servants of God, or of righteousness; and the wicked are called the servants of sin. Romans 6.

8. That which yields obedience, or acts in subordination as an instrument. Psalm 119.

9. One that makes painful sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of others. 1 Corinthians 9.

10. A person of base condition or ignoble spirit. Ecclesiastes 10.

11. A word of civility. I am, sir, your humble or obedient servant.

Our betters tell us they are our humble servants, but understand us to be their slaves.

Swift.

Servant of servants, one debased to the lowest condition of servitude. Genesis 9.

Servant

SERV'ANT, verb transitive To subject. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Serve

SERVE, v. t. serv. [French servir; Italian servire; Spanish servir; from Latin servio. This verb is supposed to be from the noun servus, a servant or slave, and this from servo, to keep. If servus originally was a slave, he was probably so named from being preserved and taken prisoner in war, or more probably from being bound, and perhaps from the Shemitic, to bind. But the sense of servant is generally a waiter, one who attends or waits, and from the sense of stopping, holding, remaining.]

1. To work for; to bestow the labor of body and mind in the employment of another.

Jacob loved Rachel and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter. Genesis 29.

No man can serve two masters. Matthew 6.

2. To act as the minister of; to perform official duties to; as, a minister serves his prince.

Had I served God as diligently as I have served the king, he would not have given me over in my gray hairs.

Cardinal Woolsey.

3. To attend at command; to wait on.

A goddess among gods, ador'd and serv'd

By angels numberless, thy daily train.

Milton.

4. To obey servilely or meanly. Be not to wealth a servant.

Denham.

5. To supply with food; as, to be served in plate.

Dryden.

6. To be subservient or subordinate to.

Bodies bright and greater should not serve

The less not bright.

Milton.

7. To perform the duties required in; as, the curate served two churches.

8. To obey; to perform duties in the employment of; as, to serve the king or the country in the army or navy.

9. To be sufficient to, or to promote; as, to serve one's turn, end or purpose.

Locke.

10. To help by good offices; as, to serve one's country.

Tate.

11. To comply with; to submit to.

They think herein we serve the time, because thereby we either hold or seek preferment.

Hooker.

12. To be sufficient for; to satisfy; to content.

One half pint bottle serves them both to dine,

And is at once their vinegar and wine.

Pope.

13. To be in the place of any thing to one. A sofa serves the Turks for a seat and a couch.

14. To treat; to requite; as, he served me ungratefully; he served me very ill. We say also, he served me a trick, that is, he deceived me, or practiced an artifice upon me.

15. In Scripture and theology, to obey and worship; to act in conformity to the law of a superior, and treat him with due reverence.

Fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and truth. As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. Joshua 24.

16. In a bad sense, to obey; to yield compliance or act according to.

Serving divers lusts and pleasures. Titus ~~.

17. To worship; to render homage to; as, to serve idols or false gods. Ezekiel 20.

18. To be a slave to; to be in bondage to. Genesis 15.

19. To serve one's self of, to use; to make use of; a Gallicism, [se servir de.]

I will serve myself of this concession.

Chillingworth.

20. To use; to manage; to apply. The guns were well served.

21. In seamen's language, to wind something round a rope to prevent friction.

To serve up, to prepare and present in a dish; as, to serve up a sirloin of beef in plate; figuratively, to prepare.

To serve in, as used by Shakspeare, for to bring in, as meat by an attendant, I have never known to be used in America.

To serve out, to distribute in portions; as, to serve out provisions to soldiers.

To serve a writ, to read it to the defendant; or to leave an attested copy at his usual place of abode.

To serve an attachment, or writ of attachment, to levy it on the person or goods by seizure; or to seize.

To serve an execution, to levy it on lands, goods or person by seizure or taking possession.

To serve a warrant, to read it, and to seize the person against whom it is issued.

In general, to serve a process, is to read it so as to give due notice to the party concerned, or to leave an attested copy with him or his attorney, or at his usual place of abode.

To serve an office, to discharge a public duty. [This phrase, I believe, is not used in America. We say, a man serves in an office, that is, serves the public in an office.]

Serve

SERVE, v. i. serv. To be a servant or slave.

The Lord shall give thee rest from thy sorrow, and from thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve. Isaiah 14.

2. To be employed in labor or other business for another. Genesis 29.

3. To be in subjection. Isaiah 43.

4. To wait; to attend; to perform domestic offices to another. Luke 10.

5. To perform duties, as in the army, navy or in any office. An officer serves five years in India, or under a particular commander. The late secretary of the colony, and afterwards state, of Connecticut, was annually appointed, and served in the office sixty years.

6. To answer; to accomplish the end.

She feared that all would not serve.

Sidney.

7. To be sufficient for a purpose.

This little brand will serve to light your fire.

Dryden.

8. To suit; to be convenient. Take this, and use it as occasion serves.

9. To conduce; to be of use.

Our victory only served to lead us on to further visionary prospects.

Swift.

10. To officiate or minister; to do the honors of; as, to serve at a public dinner.

Served

SERV'ED, participle passive Attended; waited on; worshiped; levied.

Service

SERV'ICE, noun [French; Italian servizio; Spanish servicio; from Latin servitium.]

1. In a general sense, labor of body or of body and mind, performed at the command of a superior, or in pursuance of duty, or for the benefit of another. Service is voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary service is that of hired servants, or of contract, or of persons who spontaneously perform something for another's benefit. Involuntary service is that of slaves, who work by compulsion.

2. The business of a servant; menial office.

Shak.

3. Attendance of a servant.

Shak.

4. Place of a servant; actual employment of a servant; as, to be out of service.

Shak.

5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior.

This poem was the last piece of service I did for my master king Charles.

Dryden.

6. Attendance on a superior.

Madam, I entreat true peace of you,

Which I will purchase with my duteous service.

Shak.

7. Profession of respect uttered or sent.

Pray do my service to his majesty.

Shak.

8. Actual duty; that which is required to be done in an office; as, to perform the services of a clerk, a sherif or judge.

9. That which God requires of man; worship; obedience.

God requires no man's service upon hard and unreasonable terms.

Tillotson.

10. Employment; business; office; as, to qualify a man for public service.

11. Use; purpose. The guns are not fit for public service.

12. Military duty by land or sea; as military or naval service.

13. A military achievment.

Shak.

14. Useful office; advantage conferred; that which promotes interest or happiness. Medicine often does no service to the sick; calumny is sometimes of service to an author.

15. Favor.

To thee a woman's services are due.

Shak.

16. The duty which a tenant owes to his lord for his fee. Personal service consists in homage and fealty, &c.

17. Public worship, or office of devotion. Divine service was interrupted.

18. A musical church composition consisting of choruses, trios, duets, solos, &c.

19. The official duties of a minister of the gospel, as in church, at a funeral, marriage, &c.

20. Course; order of dishes at table.

There was no extraordinary service seen on the board.

Hakewill.

21. In seaman's language, the materials used for serving a rope, as spun yarn, small lines, &c.

22. A tree and its fruit, of the genus Sorbus. The wild service is of the genus Crataegus.

Service of a writ, process, &c. the reading of it to the person to whom notice is intended to be given, or the leaving of an attested copy with the person or his attorney, or at his usual place of abode.

Service of an attachment, the seizing of the person or goods according to the direction.

To service of an execution, the levying of it upon the goods, estate or person of the defendant.

Serviceable

SERV'ICEABLE, adjective That does service; that promotes happiness, interest, advantage or any good; useful; beneficial; advantageous. Rulers may be very serviceable to religion by their example. The attentions of my friends were very serviceable to me when abroad. Rain and manure are serviceable to land.

2. Active; diligent; officious.

I know thee well, a serviceable villain. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Serviceableness

SERV'ICEABLENESS, noun Usefulness in promoting good of any kind; beneficialness.

All action being for some end, its aptness to be commanded or forbidden must be founded upon its serviceablenes or disserviceableness to some end.

Norris.

2. Officiousness; readiness to do service.

Sidney.

Servient

SERV'IENT, adjective [Latin serviens.] Subordinate. [Not in use.]

Dyer.

Servile

SERV'ILE, adjective [French from Latin servilis, from servio, to serve.]

1. Such as pertains to a servant or slave; slavish; mean; such as proceeds from dependence; as servile fear; servile obedience.

2. Held in subjection; dependent.

Ev'n fortune rules no more a servile land.

Pope.

3. Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive; as servile flattery.

She must bend the servile knee.

Thomson.

Servilely

SERV'ILELY, adverb Meanly; slavishly; with base submission or obsequiousness.

2. With base deference to another; as, to copy servilely; to adopt opinions servilely.

Servileness

SERV'ILENESS, or SERVIL'ITY, noun Slavery; the condition of a slave or bondman.

To be a queen in bondage, is more vile

Than is a slave in base servility.

Shak.

2. Mean submission; baseness; slavishness.

3. Mean obsequiousness; slavish deference; as the common servility to custom; to copy manners or opinions with servility.

Serving

SERV'ING, participle of the present tense Working for; acting in subordination to; yielding obedience to; worshiping; also, performing duties; as serving in the army.

Serving-Maid

SERV'ING-MAID, noun A female servant; a menial.

Serving-Man

SERV'ING-MAN, noun A male servant; a menial.

Servitor

SERV'ITOR, noun [Italian servitore; Spanish servidor; French serviteur; from Latin servio, to serve.]

1. A servant; an attendant.

Hooker.

2. One that acts under another; a follower or adherent.

Davies.

3. One that professes duty and obedience.

Shak.

4. In the university of Oxford, a student who attends on another for his maintenance and learning; such as is called in Cambridge, a sizer.

Encyc.

Servitorship

SERV'ITORSHIP, noun The office of a servitor.

Boswell.

Servitude

SERV'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin servitudo or servitus; Italian servitÃƒ-¹. See Serve.]

1. The condition of a slave; the state of involuntary subjection to a master; slavery; bondage. Such is the state of the slaves in America. A large portion of the human race are in servitude.

2. The state of a servant. [Less common and less proper.]

3. The condition of a conquered country.

4. A state of slavish dependence. Some persons may be in love with splendid servitude.

South.

5. Servants, collectively. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sesame

SES'AME, or SES'AMUM, noun [French sesame; Italian sesamo; Latin sesama; Greek,.]

Oily grain; a genus of annual herbaceous plants, from the seeds of which an oil is expressed. One species of it is cultivated in Carolina, and the blacks use the seeds for food. It is called there bene.

Encyc. Beloe.

Sesban

SES'BAN, noun A plant; a species of AEschynomene or Bastard sensitive plant.

Encyc.

Seseli

SES'ELI, noun [Latin Greek seselis.] A genus of plants; meadow saxifrage; hartwort.

Encyc.

Sesquialter

SESQUIAL'TER, or SESQUIAL'TERAL, adjective [Latin from sesqui, the whole and half as much more, and alter, other.]

1. In geometry, designating a ratio where one quantity or number contains another once, and half as much more; as 9 contains 6 and its half.

Bentley.

2. A sesquialteral floret, is when a large fertile floret is accompanied with a small abortive one.

Martyn.

Sesquiduplicate

SESQUIDU'PLICATE, adjective [Latin sesqui, supra, and duplicatus, double.]

Designating the ratio of two and a half to one, or where the greater term contains the lesser twice and a half, as that of 50 to 20.

Sesquipedal

SESQUIP'EDAL, or SESQUIPEDA'LIAN, adjective [Latin sesqui, one and a half, and pedalis, from pes, a foot.]

Containing a foot and a half; as a sesquipedalian, pigmy.

Arbuthnot.

Addison uses sesquipedal as a noun.

Sesquiplicate

SESQUIP'LICATE, adjective [Latin sesqui, one and a half, and plicatus, plico, to fold.]

Designating the ratio of one and a half to one; as the sesquiplicate proportion of the periodical times of the planets.

Cheyne.

Sesquitertian

SESQUITER'TIAN, or SESQUITER'TIONAL, adjective [Latin sesqui, one and a half, and tertius, third.]

Designating the ratio of one and one third.

Johnson.

Sesquitone

SES'QUITONE, noun In music, a minor third, or interval of three semitones.

Busby.

Sess

SESS, noun [Latin sessio.] A tax. [Little used or not at all. See Assessment.]

Sessile

SES'SILE, adjective [Latin sessilis. See Set.] In botany, sitting on the stem. A sessile leaf issues directly from the stem or branch, without a petiole or footstalk. A sessile flower has no peduncle. Sessile pappus or down has no stipe, but is placed immediately on the seed.

Martyn.

Session

SES'SION, noun [French from Latin sessio, from sedeo. See Set.]

1. A sitting or being placed; as the ascension of Christ, and his session at the right hand of God.

Hooker.

2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, &c.; or the actual assembly of the members of these or any similar body for the transaction of business. Thus we say, the court is now in session, meaning that the members are assembled for business.

3. The time, space or term during which a court, council, legislature and the like, meet daily for business; or the space of time between the first meeting and the prorogation or adjournment. Thus a session of parliament is opened with a speech from the throne, and closed by prorogation. The session of a judicial court is called a term. Thus a court may have two sessions or four sessions annually. The supreme court of the United States has one annual session. The legislatures of most of the states have one annual session only; some have more. The congress of the United States has one only.

4. Sessions, in some of the states, is particularly used for a court of justices, held for granting licenses to innkeepers or taverners, for laying out new highways or altering old ones and the like.

Quarter sessions, in England, is a court held once in every quarter, by two justices of the peace, one of whom is of the quorum, for the trial of small felonies and misdemeanors.

Sessions of the peace, a court consisting of justices of the peace, held in each county for inquiring into trespasses, larcenies, forestalling, &c. and in general, for the conservation of the peace.

Laws of New York.

Sess-Pool

SESS'-POOL, noun [sess and pool.] A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains. Sess-pools should be placed at proper distances in all drains, and particularly should one be placed at the entrance.

Encyc.

Sesterce

SES'TERCE, noun [French from Latin sestertius.] A Roman coin or denomination of money, in value the fourth part of a denarius, and originally containing two asses and a half, about two pence sterling or four cents. The sestertium, that is, sestertium pondus, was two pounds and a half, or two hundred and fifty denarii; about seven pounds sterling, or thirty one dollars. One qualification of a Roman knight was the possession of estate of the value of four hundred thousand sesterces; that of a senator was double this sum.

Authors mention also a copper sesterce, of the value of one third of a penny sterling.

Sesterce was also used by the ancients for a thing containing two wholes and a half; the as being taken for the integer.

Encyc.

Set

SET, verb transitive pret. pp. set. [Saxon soetan, setan, settan, to set or place, to seat or fix, to appease, to calm, Latin sedo; to compose, as a book, to dispose or put in order, to establish, found or institute, to possess, to cease; German setzen, to set, to risk or lay, as a wager, to plant, to appoint, to leap or make an onset; Dutch zetten; Swedish s?tta; Danish setter; Welsh sodi, to fix, to constitute; gosodi, to set, to lay, to put, to establish, to ordain; gosod, a setting or placing, a site, a statute, an onset or assault; Latin sedo, sedeo and sido, coinciding with sit, but all of one family. From the Norman orthography of this word, we have assess, assise. See Assess. Hebrew Chaldee and to set, to place; Syriac to found, to establish. Class Sd. No. 31. 56. The primary sense is to throw, to drive, or intransitively, to rush.]

1. To put or place; to fix or cause to rest in a standing posture. We set a house on a wall of stone; we set a book on a shelf. In this use, set differs from lay; we set a thing on its end or basis; we lay it on its side.

2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. We set a chest or trunk on its bottom, not on its end; we set a bedstead or a table on its feet or legs.

3. To put, place or fix in any situation. God set the sun, moon and stars in the firmament.

I do set my bow in the cloud. Genesis 9.

4. To put into any condition or state.

The Lord thy God will set thee on high. Deuteronomy 28.

I am come to set a man at variance against his father. Matthew 10.

So we say, to set in order, to set at ease, to set to work, or at work.

5. To put; to fix; to attach to.

The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Genesis 4.

So we say, to set a label on a vial or a bale.

6. To fix; to render motionless; as, the eyes are set; the jaws are set.

7. To put or fix, as a price. We set a price on a house, farm or horse.

8. To fix; to state by some rule.

The gentleman spoke with a set gesture and countenance.

Carew.

The town of Berne has handsome fountains planted at set distances from one end of the street to the other.

Addison.

9. To regulate or adjust; as, to set a timepiece by the sun.

He sets his judgment by his passion.

Prior.

10. To fit to music; to adapt with notes; as, to set the words of a psalm to music.

Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute.

Dryden.

11. To pitch; to begin to sing in public.

He set the hundredth psalm.

Spectator.

12. To plant, as a shrub, tree or vegetable.

Prior.

13. To variegate, intersperse or adorn with something fixed; to stud; as, to set any thing with diamonds or pearls.

High on their heads, with jewels richly set,

Each lady wore a radiant coronet.

Dryden.

14. To return to its proper place or state; to replace; to reduce from a dislocated or fractured state; as, to set a bone or a leg.

15. To fix; to place; as the heart or affections.

Set your affections on things above. Colossians 3.

Ã‚--Minds altogether set on trade and profit.

Addison.

16. To fix firmly; to predetermine.

The heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil. Eccles viii.

Hence we say, a thing is done of set purpose; a man is set, that is, firm or obstinate in his opinion or way.

17. To fix by appointment; to appoint; to assign; as, to set a time for meeting; to set an hour or a day.

Bacon. South.

18. To place or station; to appoint to a particular duty.

Am I a sea or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me? Job 7.

19. To stake at play. [Little used.]

Prior.

20. To offer a wager at dice to another. [Little used.]

Shak.

21. To fix in metal.

And him too rich a jewel to be set

In vulgar metal for a vulgar use.

Dryden.

22. To fix; to cause to stop; to obstruct; as, to set a coach in the mire. The wagon or the team was set at the hill. In some of the states, stall is used in a like sense.

23. To embarrass; to perplex.

They are hard set to represent the bill as a grievance.

Addison.

24. To put in good order; to fix for use; to bring to a fine edge; as, to set a razor.

25. To loose and extend; to spread; as, to set the sails of a ship.

26. To point out without noise or disturbance; as, a dog sets birds.

Johnson.

27. To oppose.

Will you set your wit to a fool's?

Shak.

28. To prepare with runnet for cheese; as, to set milk.

29. To dim; to darken or extinguish.

Ahijah could not see; for his eyes were set by reason of his age. 1 Kings 14.

To set by the compass, among seamen, to observe the bearing or situation of a distant object by the compass.

To set about, to begin, as an action or enterprise; to apply to. He has planned his enterprise, and will soon set about it.

To set one's self against, to place in a state of enmity or opposition.

The king of Babylon set himself against Jerusalem this same day. Ezekiel 24.

To set against, to oppose; to set in comparison, or to oppose as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one thing against another; or to set off one thing against another.

To set apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate from the rest.

2. To neglect for a time. [Not in use.]

Knolles.

To set aside, to omit for the present; to lay out of the question.

Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the truth and yield to that.

Tillotson.

2. To reject.

I embrace that of the deluge, and set aside all the rest.

Woodward.

3. To annul; to vacate. The court set aside the verdict, or the judgment.

To set abroach, to spread.

Shak.

To set a-going, to cause to begin to move.

To set by, to set apart or on one side; to reject. [In this sense, by is emphatical.]

Bacon.

2. To esteem; to regard; to value. [In this sense, set is pronounced with more emphasis than by.]

To set down, to place upon the ground or floor.

2. To enter in writing; to register.

Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army.

Clarendon.

3. To explain or relate in writing.

4. To fix on a resolve. [Little used.]

Knolles.

5. To fix; to establish; to ordain.

This law we may name eternal, being that order which God hath set down with himself, for himself to do all things by.

Hooker.

To set forth, to manifest; to offer or present to view. Romans 3.

2. To publish; to promulgate; to make appear.

Waller.

3. To send out; to prepare and send.

The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set forth by the Venetians. Obs.

Knolles.

4. To display; to exhibit; to present to view; to show.

Dryden. Milton.

To set forward, to advance; to move on; also, to promote.

Hooker.

To set in, to put in the way to begin.

If you please to assist and set me in, I will recollect myself.

Collier.

To set off, to adorn; to decorate; to embellish.

They set off the worst faces with the best airs.

Addison.

2. To give a pompous or flattering description of; to eulogize; to recommend; as, to set off a character.

3. To place against as an equivalent; as, to set off one man's services againist another's.

4. To separate or assign for a particular purpose; as, to set off a portion of an estate.

To set on or upon, to incite; to instigate; to animate to action.

Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this.

Shak.

2. To assault or attack; seldom used transitively, but the passive form is often used.

AlphonsusÃ‚--was set upon by a Turkish pirate and taken.

Knolles.

3. To employ, as in a task.

Set on thy wife to observe.

Shak.

4. To fix the attention; to determine to any thing with settled purpose.

It becomes a true lover to have your heart more set upon her good than your own.

Sidney.

To set out, to assign; to allot; as, to set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an estate; to set out the widow's thirds.

2. To publish. [Not elegant nor common.]

Swift.

3. To mark by boundaries or distinctions of space.

Ã‚--Determinate portions of those infinite abysses of space and duration, set out, or supposed to be distinguished from all the rest by known boundaries.

Locke.

4. To adorn; to embellish.

An ugly woman in a rich habit, set out with jewels, nothing can become.

Dryden.

5. To raise, equip and send forth; to furnish.

The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case of great necessity, thirty men of war.

[Not elegant and little used.]

Addison.

6. To show; to display; to recommend; to set off.

I could set out that best side of Luther.

Atterbury.

7. To show; to prove.

Those very reasons set out how hainous his sin was. [Little used and not elegant.]

Atterbury.

8. In law, to recite; to state at large.

Judge Sedgwick.

To set up, to erect; as, to set up a building; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar.

2. To begin a new institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to set up a manufactory; to set up a school.

3. To enable to commence a new business; as, to set up a son in trade.

4. To raise; to exalt; to put in power; as, to set up the throne of David over Israel. 2 Samuel 3.

5. To place in view; as, to set up a mark.

6. To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the voice.

I'll set up such a note as shall hear.

Dryden.

7. To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as, to set up a new opinion or doctrine.

Burnet.

8. To raise from depression or to a sufficient fortune. This good fortune quite set him up.

9. In seaman's language, to extend, as the shrouds, stays, &c.

To set at naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise.

Ye have set at naught all my counsel Proverbs 1.

To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method.

The rest will I set in order when I come. 1 Corinthians 11.

To set eyes on, to see; to behold; or to fix the eyes in looking on; to fasten the eyes on.

To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a painful sensation.

To set over, to appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector, ruler or commander.

2. To assign; to transfer; to convey.

To set right, to correct; to put in order.

To set at ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the heart at ease.

To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment or bondage; to liberate; to emancipate.

To set at work, to cause to enter on work or action; or to direct how to enter on work.

Locke.

To set on fire, to communicate fire to; to inflame; and figuratively, to enkindle the passions; to make to rage; to irritate; to fill with disorder. James 3.

To set before, to offer; to propose; to present to view. Deuteronomy 11, 30.

To set a trap, snare or gin, to place in a situation to catch prey; to spread; figuratively, to lay a plan to deceive and draw into the power of another.

Set

SET, verb intransitive To decline; to go down; to pass below the horizon; as, the sun sets; the stars set.

2. To be fixed hard; to be close or firm.

Bacon.

3. To fit music to words.

Shak.

4. To congeal or concrete.

That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set.

Boyle.

5. To begin a journey. The king is set from London. [This is obsolete. We now say, to set out.]

6. To plant; as, ``to sow dry, and to set wet.'

Old Proverb.

7. To flow; to have a certain direction in motion; as, the tide sets to the east or north; the current sets westward.

8. To catch birds with a dog that sets them, that is, one that lies down and points them out, and with a large net.

Boyle.

To set one's self about, to begin; to enter upon; to take the first steps.

To set one's self, to apply one's self.

To set about, to fall on; to begin; to take the first steps in a business or enterprise.

Atterbury.

To set in, to begin. Winter in New England, usually sets in in December.

2. To become settled in a particular state.

When the weather was set in to be very bad.

Addison.

To set forward, to move or march; to begin to march; to advance.

The sons of Aaron and the sons of Merari set forward. Numbers 10.

To set on, or upon, to begin a journey or an enterprise.

He that would seriously set upon the search of truthÃ‚--

Locke.

2. To assault; to make an attack.

Shak.

To set out, to begin a journey or course; as, to set out for London or from London; to set out in business; to set out in life or the world.

2. To have a beginning.

Brown.

To set to, to apply one's self to.

Gov. of the Tongue.

To set up, to begin business or a scheme of life; as, to set up in trade; to set up for one's self.

2. To profess openly; to make pretensions. He sets up for a man of wit; he sets up to teach morality.

Dryden.

Set

SET, participle passive Placed; put; located; fixed; adjusted; composed; studded or adorned; reduced, as a dislocated or broken bone.

2. adjective Regular; uniform; formal; as a set speech or phrase; a set discourse; a set battle.

3. Fixed in opinion; determined; firm; obstinate; as a man set in his opinions or way.

4. Established; prescribed; as set forms of prayer.

Set

SET, noun A number or collection of things of the same kind and of similar form, which are ordinarily used together; as a set of chairs; a set of tea cups; a set of China or other ware.

2. A number of things fitted to be used together, though different in form; as a set of dining tables.

A set implies more than two, which are called a pair.

3. A number of persons customarily or officially associated, as a set of men, a set of officers; or a number of persons having a similitude of character, or of things which have some resemblance or relation to each other. Hence our common phrase, a set of opinions.

This falls into different divisions or sets of nations connected under particular religions, &c.

Ward's Law of Nations.

4. A number of particular things that are united in the formation of a whole; as a set of features.

Addison.

5. A young plant for growth; as sets of white thorn or other shrub.

Encyc.

6. The descent of the sun or other luminary below the horizon; as the set of the sun.

Atterbury.

7. A wager at dice.

That was but civil war, an equal set.

Dryden.

8. A game.

We will, in France, play a set

Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard.

Shak.

Setaceous

SETA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin seta, a bristle.] Bristly; set with strong hairs; consisting of strong hairs; as a stiff setaceous tail.

Derham.

2. In botany, bristle-shaped; having the thickness and length of a bristle; as a setaceous leaf or leaflet.

Martyn.

Setaceous worm, a name given to a water worm that resembles a horse hair, vulgarly supposed to be an animated hair. But this is a mistake.

Encyc.

Set-Foil

SET-FOIL, [See Sept-foil.]

Setiform

SE'TIFORM, adjective [Latin seta, a bristle, and form.]

Having the form of a bristle.

Journ. of Science.

Set-Off

SET'-OFF, noun [set and off.] The act of admitting one claim to counterbalance another. In a set-off, the defendant acknowledges the justice of the plaintif's demand, but sets up a demand of his own to counterbalance it in whole or in part.

The right of pleading a set-off depends on statute.

Blackstone.

NOTE.Ã‚--In New England, offset is sometimes used for set-off. But offset has a different sense, and it is desirable that the practice should be uniform, wherever the English language is spoken.

Seton

SE'TON, noun [French from Latin seta, a bristle.] In surgery, a few horse hairs or small threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin by a large needle, by which a small opening is made and continued for the discharge of humors.

Encyc. Quincy.

Setous

SE'TOUS, adjective [Italian setoso; Latin setosus, from seta, a bristle.]

In botany, bristly; having the surface set with bristles; as a setous leaf or receptacle.

Martyn.

Settee

SETTEE', noun [from set.] A long seat with a back to it.

2. A vessel with one deck and a very long sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen sails; used in the Mediterranean.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Setter

SET'TER, noun One that sets; as a setter on, or inciter; a setter up; a setter forth, &c.

2. A dog that beats the field and starts birds for sportsmen.

3. A man that performs the office of a setting dog, or finds persons to be plundered.

South.

4. One that adapts words to music in composition.

5. Whatever sets off, adorns or recommends. [Not used.]

Whitlock.

Setter-Wort

SET'TER-WORT, noun A plant, a species of Helleborus.

Fam. of Plants.

Setting

SET'TING, participle of the present tense Placing; putting; fixing; studding; appointing; sinking below the horizon, &c.

Setting

SET'TING, noun The act of putting, placing, fixing or establishing.

2. The act of sinking below the horizon. The setting of stars is of three kinds, cosmical, acronical, and heliacal. [See these words.]

3. The act or manner of taking birds by a setting dog.

4. Inclosure; as settings of stones. Exodus 28.

5. The direction of a current at sea.

Setting-Dog

SET'TING-DOG, noun A setter; a dog trained to find and start birds for sportsmen.

Settle

SET'TLE, noun [Saxon setl, settl; German sessel; Dutch zetel; Latin sedile. See Set.]

A seat or bench; something to sit on.

Dryden.

Settle

SET'TLE, verb transitive [from set.] To place in a permanent condition after wandering or fluctuation.

I will settle you after your old estates. Ezekiel 36.

2. To fix; to establish; to make permanent in any place.

I will settle him in my house and in my kingdom forever. 1 Chronicles 17.

3. To establish in business or way of life; as, to settle a son in trade.

4. To marry; as, to settle a daughter.

5. To establish; to confirm.

Her will alone could settle or revoke.

Prior.

6. To determine what is uncertain; to establish; to free from doubt; as, to settle questions or points of law. The supreme court have settled the question.

7. To fix; to establish; to make certain or permanent; as, to settle the succession to a throne in a particular family. So we speak of settled habits and settled opinions.

8. To fix or establish; not to suffer to doubt or waver.

It will settle the wavering and confirm the doubtful.

Swift.

9. To make close or compact.

Cover ant-hills up that the rain may settle the turf before the spring.

Mortimer.

10. To cause to subside after being heaved and loosened by frost; or to dry and harden after rain. Thus clear weather settles the roads.

11. To fix or establish by gift, grant or any legal act; as, to settle a pension on an officer, or an annuity on a child.

12. To fix firmly. Settle your mind on valuable objects.

13. To cause to sink or subside, as extraneous matter in liquors. In fining wine, we add something to settle the lees.

14. To compose; to tranquilize what is disturbed; as, to settle the thoughts or mind when agitated.

15. To establish in the pastoral office; to ordain over a church and society, or parish; as, to settle a minister.

U. States. Boswell.

16. To plant with inhabitants; to colonize. The French first settled Canada; the Puritans settled New England. Plymouth was settled in 1620. Hartford was settled in 1636. Wethersfield was the first settled town in Connecticut.

17. To adjust; to close by amicable agreement or otherwise; as, to settle a controversy or dispute by agreement, treaty or by force.

18. To adjust; to liquidate; to balance, or to pay; as, to settle accounts.

To settle the land, among seamen, to cause it to sink or appear lower by receding from it.

Settle

SET'TLE, verb intransitive To fall to the bottom of liquor; to subside; to sink and rest on the bottom; as, lees or dregs settle. Slimy particles in water settle and form mud at the bottom of rivers.

This word is used of the extraneous matter of liquors, when it subsides spontaneously. But in chimical operations, when substances mixed or in solution are decomposed, and one component part subsides, it is said to be precipitated. But it may also be said to settle.

2. To lose motion or fermentation; to deposit, as feces.

A government on such occasions, is always thick before it settles.

Addison.

3. To fix one's habitation or residence. Belgians had settled on the southern coast of Britain, before the Romans invaded the isle.

4. To marry and establish a domestic state. Where subsistence is easily obtained, children settle at an early period of life.

5. To become fixed after change or fluctuation; as, the wind came about and settled in the west.

Bacon.

6. To become stationary; to quit a rambling or irregular course for a permanent or methodical one.

7. To become fixed or permanent; to take a lasting form or state; as a settled conviction.

ChyleÃ‚--runs through the intermediate colors till it settles in an intense red.

Arbuthnot.

8. To rest; to repose.

When time hath worn out their natural vanity, and taught them discretion, their fondness settles on its proper object.

Spectator.

9. To become calm; to cease from agitation.

Till the fury of his highness settle,

Come not before him.

Shak.

10. To make a jointure for a wife.

He sighs with most success that settles well.

Garth.

11. To sink by its weight; and in loose bodies, to become more compact. We say, a wall settles; a house settles upon its foundation; a mass of sand settles and becomes more firm.

12. To sink after being heaved, and to dry; as, roads settle in spring after frost and rain.

13. To be ordained or installed over a parish, church or congregation. A B was invited to settle in the first society in New Haven. N D settled in the ministry when very young.

14. To adjust differences or accounts; to come to an agreement. He has settled with his creditors.

15. To make a jointure for a wife.

Garth.

Settled

SET'TLED, participle passive Placed; established; fixed; determined; composed; adjusted.

Settledness

SET'TLEDNESS, noun The state of being settled; confirmed state. [Little used.]

K. Charles.

Settlement

SET'TLEMENT, noun The act of settling, or state of being settled.

2. The falling of the foul or foreign matter of liquors to the bottom; subsidence.

3. The matter that subsides; lees; dregs. [Not used. For this we use settlings.]

Mortimer.

4. The act of giving possession by legal sanction.

My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take,

With settlement as good as law can make.

Dryden.

5. A jointure granted to a wife, or the act of granting it. We say, the wife has a competent settlement for her maintenance; or she has provision made for her by the settlement of a jointure.

6. The act of taking a domestic state; the act of marrying and going to housekeeping.

7. A becoming stationary, or taking a permanent residence after a roving course of life.

L'Estrange.

8. The act of planting or establishing, as a colony; also, the place, or the colony established; as the British settlements in America or India.

9. Adjustment; liquidation; the ascertainment of just claims, or payment of the balance of an account.

10. Adjustment of differences; pacification; reconciliation; as the settlement of disputes or controversies.

11. The ordaining or installment of a clergyman over a parish or congregation.

12. A sum of money or other property granted to a minister on his ordination, exclusive of his salary.

13. Legal residence or establishment of a person in a particular parish or town, which entitles him to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish or town to his support. In England, the poor are supported by the parish where they have a settlement. In New England, they are supported by the town. In England, the statutes 12 Richard II. and 19 Henry VII. seem to be the first rudiments of parish settlements. By statute 13 and 14 Chaldee II. a legal settlement is declared to be gained by birth, by inhabitancy, by apprenticeship, or by service for forty days. But the gaining of a settlement by so short a residence produced great evils, which were remedied by statute 1 James II.

Blackstone.

14. Act of settlement, in British history, the statute of 12 and 13 William III. by which the crown was limited to his present majesty's house, or the house of Orange.

Blackstone.

Settling

SET'TLING, participle of the present tense Placing; fixing; establishing; regulating; adjusting; planting or colonizing; subsiding; composing; ordaining or installing; becoming the pastor of a parish or church.

Settling

SET'TLING, noun The act of making a settlement; a planting or colonizing.

2. The act of subsiding, as lees.

3. The adjustment of differences.

4. Settlings, plu. lees; dregs; sediment.

Setwall

SET'WALL, noun [set and wall.] A plant. The garden setwall is a species of Valeriana.

Seven

SEVEN, a. sev'n. [Saxon seofa, seofan; Gothic sibun; Dutch zeeven; German sieben; Swedish siu; Danish syv; Latin septem, whence French sept, Italian sette, Spanish siete, [or the two latter are the Welsh saith, Armoric saith or seiz;] Sanscrit sapta; Pers. hafat; Zend, hapte; Pehlavi, haft; Greek; Arabic; Hebrew Chaldee Syriac Ethiopic. In Chaldee and Syriac signifies to fill, to satisfy; in Arabic seven, and to make the number seven. In Hebrew and Chaldee is seven; Arabic to fill. With this orthography coincides the spelling of the Teutonic and Gothic words, whose elements are Sb, or their cognates. But the Latin and Sanscrit have a third radical letter, as has the Persic, viz. t, and these coincide with the Arabic sabata, to observe the sabbath, to rest, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac.

It is obvious then that seven had its origin in these verbs, and if the Persic and Greek words are from the same source, which is very probable, we have satisfactory evidence that the sibilant letter s has been changed into an aspirate. And this confirms my opinion that a similar change has taken place in the Greek, salt, Welsh halen, and in many other words.]

Four and three; one more than six or less than eight. Seven days constitute a week. We read in Scripture of seven years of plenty, and seven years of famine, seven trumpets, seven seals, seven vials, &c.

Sevenfold

SEV'ENFOLD, adjective [seven and fold.] Repeated seven times; doubled seven times; increased to seven times the size or amount; as the sevenfold shield of Ajax; sevenfold rage.

Milton.

Sevenfold

SEV'ENFOLD, adverb Seven times as much or often.

Whoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. Genesis 4.

Sevennight

SEV'ENNIGHT, noun [seven and night.] A week; the period of seven days and nights; or the time from one day of the week to the next day of the same denomination preceding or following. Our ancestors numbered the diurnal revolutions of the earth by nights, as they reckoned the annual revolutions by winters. Sevennight is now contracted into sennight, which see.

Sevenscore

SEV'ENSCORE, noun [seven and score, twenty notches or marks.]

Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.

The old countess of Desmond, who lived sevenscore years, dentized twice or thrice.

Bacon.

Seventeen

SEV'ENTEEN, adjective [Saxon seofontyne; sevenÃ‚--ten.] Seven and ten.

Seventeenth

SEV'ENTEENTH, adjective [from seventeen. The Saxon seofon-teotha or seofon-teogetha is differently formed.]

The ordinal of seventeen; the seventh after the tenth.

On the seventeenth day of the second monthÃ‚--all the fountains of the great deep were broken up. Genesis 7.

Seventh

SEV'ENTH, adjective [Saxon seofetha.] The ordinal of seven; the first after the sixth.

On the seventh day God ended his work which he had made, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Genesis 2.

2. Containing or being one part in seven; as the seventh part.

Seventh

SEV'ENTH, noun The seventh part; one part in seven.

2. In music, a dissonant interval or heptachord. An interval consisting of four tones and two major semitones, is called a seventh minor. An interval composed of five tones and a major semitone, is called a seventh major.

Encyc. Busby.

Seventhly

SEV'ENTHLY, adverb In the seventh place.

Bacon.

Seventieth

SEV'ENTIETH, adjective [from seventy.] The ordinal of seventy; as a man in the seventieth year of his age. The seventieth year begins immediately after the close of the sixty ninth.

Seventy

SEV'ENTY, adjective [Dutch zeventig; Saxon seofa, seven, and tig, ten; Gothic tig, Greek, ten; but the Saxon writers prefixed hund, as hund-seofontig. See Lye ad voc. and Saxon Chron. A. Dutch 1083.] Seven times ten.

That he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. Danish ix.

Seventy

SEV'ENTY, noun The Septuagint or seventy translators of the Old Testament into the Greek language.

Sever

SEV'ER, verb transitive [French sevrer; Italian sevrare. There may be a doubt whether sever is derived from the Latin separo. The French has both sevrer, as well as separer; and the Italian, sevrare, scevrare and sceverare, as well as separare. The Italian scevrare coincides well in orthography with shiver, and this with Hebrew, Chaldee Syriac Arabic

to break. The latter are the same word with different prefixes. See Class Br. No. 26. 27.]

1. To part or divide by violence; to separate by cutting or rending; as, to sever the body or the arm at a single stroke.

2. To part from the rest by violence; as, to sever the head from the body.

3. To separate; to disjoin, as distinct things, but united; as the dearest friends severed by cruel necessity.

4. To separate and put in different orders or places.

The angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just. Matthew 13.

5. To disjoin; to disunite; in a general sense, but usually implying violence.

6. To keep distinct or apart. Exodus 8.

7. In law, to disunite; to disconnect; to part possession; as, to sever an estate in joint-tenancy.

Blackstone.

Sever

SEV'ER, verb intransitive To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.

The Lord will sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt. Exodus 9.

2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or rent asunder.

Shak.

Several

SEV'ERAL, adjective [from sever.] Separate; distinct; not common to two or more; as a several fishery; a several estate. A several fishery is one held by the owner of the soil, or by title derived from the owner. A several estate is one held by a tenant in his own right, or a distinct estate unconnected with any other person.

Blackstone.

2. Separate; different; distinct.

Divers sorts of beasts came from several parts to drink.

Bacon.

Four several armies to the field are led.

Dryden.

3. Divers; consisting of a number; more than two, but not very many. Several persons were present when the event took place.

4. Separate; single; particular.

Each several ship a victory did gain.

Dryden.

5. Distinct; appropriate.

Each might his several province well command,

Would all but stoop to what they understand.

Pope.

A joint and several note or bond, is one executed by two or more persons, each of whom is bound to pay the whole, in case the others prove to be insolvent.

Several

SEV'ERAL, noun Each particular, or a small number, singly taken.

Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous family, nor left any behind them.

Addison.

There was not time enough to hear

The severalsÃ‚--

Shak.

[This latter use, in the plural, is now infrequent or obsolete.]

2. An inclosed or separate place; inclosed ground; as, they had their several for the heathen, their several for their own people; put a beast into a several. [These applications are nearly or wholly obsolete.]

Hooker. Bacon.

In several, in a state of separation.

Where pastures in several be. [Little used.]

Tusser.

Severality

SEVERAL'ITY, noun Each particular singly taken; distinction. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Severalize

SEV'ERALIZE, verb transitive To distinguish. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Severally

SEV'ERALLY, adverb Separately; distinctly; apart from others. Call the men severally by name.

I could not keep my eye steady on them severally so as to number them.

Newton.

To be jointly and severally bound in a contract, is for each obligor to be liable to pay the whole demand, in case the other or others are not able.

Severalty

SEV'ERALTY, noun A state of separation from the rest, or from all others. An estate in severalty, is that which the tenant holds in his own right, without being joined in interest with any other person. It is distinguished from joint-tenancy, coparcenary and common.

Blackstone.

Severance

SEV'ERANCE, noun Separation; the act of dividing or disuniting. The severance of a jointure is made by destroying the unity of interest. Thus when there are two joint-tenants for life, and the inheritance is purchased by or descends upon either, it is a severance.

So also when two persons are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuited; in this case severance is permitted, and the other plaintif may proceed in the suit. So also in assize, when two or more disseizees appear upon the writ, and not the other, severance is permitted.

Blackstone. Encyc.

Severe

SEVE'RE, adjective [French from Latin severus; Italian Spanish severo.]

1. Rigid; harsh; not mild or indulgent; as severe words; severe treatment; severe wrath.

Milton. Pope.

2. Sharp; hard; rigorous.

Let your zealÃ‚--be more severe against thyself than against others.

Taylor.

3. Very strict; or sometimes perhaps, unreasonably strict or exact; giving no indulgence to faults or errors; as severe government; severe criticism.

4. Rigorous, perhaps cruel; as severe punishment; severe justice.

5. Grave; sober; sedate to an extreme; opposed to cheerful, gay, light, lively.

Your looks must alter, as your subject does,

From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe.

Waller.

6. Rigidly exact; strictly methodical; not lax or airy. I will not venture on so nice a subject with my severe style.

7. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; as severe pain, anguish, torture, &c.

8. Sharp; biting; extreme; as severe cold.

9. Close; concise; not luxuriant.

The Latin, a most severe and compendious languageÃ‚--

Dryden.

10. Exact; critical; nice; as a severe test.

Severely

SEVE'RELY, adverb Harshly; sharply; as, to chide one severely.

2. Strictly; rigorously; as, to judge one severely.

To be or fondly or severely kind.

Savage.

3. With extreme rigor; as, to punish severely.

4. Painfully; afflictively; greatly; as, to be severely afflicted with the gout.

5. Fiercely; ferociously.

More formidable Hydra stands within,

Whose jaws with iron teeth severely grin.

Dryden.

Severite

SEV'ERITE, noun A mineral found near St. Sever, in France, occurring in small masses, white without luster, a little harder than lithomarge.

Phillips.

Severity

SEVER'ITY, noun [Latin severitas.] Harshness; rigor; austerity; want of mildness or indulgence; as the severity of a reprimand or reproof.

2. Rigor; extreme strictness; as severity of discipline or government.

3. Excessive rigor; extreme degree or amount. Severity of penalties or punishments often defeats the object by exciting pity.

4. Extremity; quality or power of distressing; as the severity of pain or anguish.

5. Extreme degree; as the severity of cold or heat.

6. Extreme coldness or inclemency; as the severity of the winter.

7. Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as severity practiced on prisoners of war.

8. Exactness; rigor; niceness; as the severity of a test.

9. Strictness; rigid accuracy.

Confining myself to the severity of truth.

Dryden.

Sevruga

SEVRU'GA, noun A fish, the accipenser stellatus.

Tooke. Pallas.

Sew

SEW, to follow. [Not used. See Sue.]

Spenser.

Sew

SEW, verb transitive pronounced so, and better written soe. [Saxon siwian, suwian; Gothic siuyan; Swedish sy; Danish syer; Latin suo. This is probably a contracted word, and if its elements are Sb or Sf, it coincides with the Ethiopic shafai, to sew; and the Arabic has an awl. See Class Sb. No. 85. 100. The Hindoo has siwawa, and the Gipsey siwena. But the elements are not obvious.]

To unite or fasten together with a needle and thread.

They sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. Genesis 3.

To sew up, to inclose by sewing; to inclose in any thing sewed.

Thou sewest up mine iniquity. Job 14.

Sew me up the skirts of the gown.

Shak.

Sew

SEW, verb intransitive To practice sewing; to join things with stitches.

Sew

SEW, verb transitive [Latin sicco, to dry.] To drain a pond for taking the fish. Obs.

Sewed

SEW'ED, participle passive United by stitches.

Sewel

SEW'EL, noun Among huntsmen, something hung up to prevent deer from entering a place.

Sewer

SEW'ER, noun [German anzucht; perhaps from the root of suck, or Latin sicco.]

A drain or passage to convey off water under ground; a subterraneous canal, particularly in cities; corruptly pronounced shore or soer.

Sewer

SEW'ER, noun [Dutch schaffer, from schaffen, to provide, to dish up; German schaffner; Danish skaffer; Swedish skaffare. See Shape.]

An officer who serves up a feast and arranges the dishes. Obs.

Milton.

Sewer

SEW'ER, noun One who sews, or uses the needle.

Sewing

SEW'ING, participle of the present tense Joining with the needle or with stitches.

Sewster

SEW'STER, noun A woman that sews or spins. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Sex

SEX, noun [French sexe; Spanish sexo; Italian sesso; Latin sexus; qu. German sieke, she, female; from Latin seco, to divide.]

1. The distinction between male and female; or that property or character by which an animal is male or female. The male sex is usually characterized by muscular strength, boldness and firmness. The female sex is characterized by softness, sensibility and modesty.

In botany, the property of plants which corresponds to sex in animals. The Linnean system of botany is formed on the doctrine of sexes in plants.

Milne.

2. By way of emphasis, womankind; females.

Unhappy sex! whose beauty is your snare.

Dryden.

The sex, whose presence civilizes ours.

Cowper.

Sexagenarian

SEXAGENA'RIAN, noun [infra.] A person who has arrived at the age of sixty years.

Cowper.

Sexagenary

SEX'AGENARY, adjective [French sexagÃƒ-©naire; Latin sexagenarius, from sex, six, and a word signifying ten, seen in viginti; bis-genti.]

Designating the number sixty; as a noun, a person sixty years of age; also, something composed of sixty.

Sexagesima

SEXAGES'IMA, noun [Latin sexagesimus, sixtieth.]

The second Sunday before Lent, the next to Shrove-Sunday, so called as being about the 60th day before Easter.

Sexagesimal

SEXAGES'IMAL, adjective Sixtieth; pertaining to the number sixty. Sexagenary or sexagesimal arithmetic, is a method of computation by sixties, as that which is used in dividing minutes into seconds.

Sexagesimals, or sexagesimal fractions, are those whose denominators proceed in the ratio of sixty; as 1/60, 1/3600, 1/21600. The denominator is sixty, or its multiple. These fractions are called also astronomical fractions, because formerly there were no others used in astronomical calculations.

Encyc.

Sexangled

SEXAN'GLED, or SEXAN'GULAR, adjective [Latin sex, six, and angulus, angle.] Having six angles; hexagonal.

Dryden.

Sexangularly

SEXAN'GULARLY, adverb With six angles; hexagonally.

Sexdecimal

SEXDEC'IMAL, adjective [Latin sex, six, and decem, ten.]

In crystalography, when a prism or the middle part of a crystal has six face and two summits, and taken together, ten faces, or the reverse.

Sexduodecimal

SEXDUODEC'IMAL, adjective [Latin sex, six, and duodecim, twelve.]

In crystalography, designating a crystal when the prism or middle part has six faces and two summits, having together twelve faces.

Sexennial

SEXEN'NIAL, adjective [Latin sex, six, and annus, year.]

Lasting six years, or happening once in six years.

Sexennially

SEXEN'NIALLY, adverb Once in six years.

Sexfid

SEX'FID, adjective [Latin sex, six, and findo, to divide.]

In botany, six-cleft; as a sexfid calyx or nectary.

Martyn.

Sexlocular

SEXLOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin sex, six, and loculus, a cell.]

In botany, six-celled; having six cells for seeds; as a sexlocular pericarp.

Sextain

SEX'TAIN, noun [Latin sextans, a sixth, from sex, six.] A stanza of six lines.

Sextant

SEX'TANT, noun [Latin sextans, a sixth. The Romans divided the as into 12 ounces; a sixth, or two ounces, was the sextans.]

1. In mathematics, the sixth part of a circle. Hence,

2. An instrument formed like a quadrant, excepting that its limb comprehends only 60 degrees, or the sixth part of a circle.

Encyc.

3. In astronomy, a constellation of the southern hemisphere which, according to the British catalogue, contains 41 stars.

Encyc.

Sextary

SEX'TARY, noun [Latin sextarius.] A measure of a pint and a half.

Sextary

SEX'TARY, or SEX'TRY, noun The same as sacristan. [Not used.]

Dict.

Sextile

SEX'TILE, noun [Latin sextilis, from sex, six.] Denoting the aspect or position of two planets, when distant from each other 60 degrees or two signs. This position is marked thus*.

Encyc.

Sexton

SEX'TON, noun [contracted from sacristan, which see.]

An under officer of the church, whose business is to take care of the vessels, vestments, &c. belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman and perform other duties pertaining to the church, to dig graves, &c.

Encyc.

Sextonship

SEX'TONSHIP, noun The office of a sexton.

Swift.

Sextuple

SEX'TUPLE, adjective [Low Latin sextuplus; sex, six, and duplus, double.]

1. Sixfold; six times as much.

Brown.

2. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple, beaten in double time, or a measure of two times composed of six equal notes, three for each time.

Busby. Encyc.

Sexual

SEX':UAL, adjective [from sex.] Pertaining to sex or the sexes; distinguishing the sex; denoting what is peculiar to the distinction and office of male and female; as sexual characteristics; sexual intercourse, connection or commerce.

2. Sexual system, in botany, the system which ascribes to vegetables the distinction of sexes, supposes that plants are male and female, each sex furnished with appropriate organs or parts; the male producing a pollen or dust which fecundates the stigma of the pistil or female organ, and is necessary to render it prolific. It is found however that most plants are hermaphrodite, the male and female organs being contained in the same flower. This doctrine was taught to a certain extent, by Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Pliny among the ancients, but has been more fully illustrated by Caesalpinus, Grew, Camerarius, Linne and many others among the moderns.

Milne. Encyc.

Sexualist

SEX':UALIST, noun One who believes and maintains the doctrine of sexes in plants; or one who classifies plants by the differences of the sexes and parts of fructification.

Milne. Encyc.

Sexuality

SEX:UAL'ITY, noun The state of being distinguished by sex.

Shab

SHAB, verb intransitive To play mean tricks. In some parts of New England, it signifies to reject or dismiss; as, a woman shabs her suitor. It is however very vulgar and nearly obsolete.

Shabbily

SHAB'BILY, adverb [from shabby.] Raggedly; with rent or ragged clothes; as, to be clothed shabbily.

2. Meanly; in a despicable manner.

Shabbiness

SHAB'BINESS, noun Raggedness; as the shabbiness of a garment.

2. Meanness; paltriness.

Shabby

SHAB'BY, adjective [Dutch schabbig; German schÃƒ-¤big, from schaben, to rub, to shave, to scratch; schabe, a moth, a shaving tool, a scab. This is a different orthography of scabby.]

1. Ragged; torn, or worn to rags; as a shabby coat; shabby clothes.

2. Clothed with ragged garments.

The dean was so shabbyÃ‚--

Swift.

3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as a shabby fellow; shabby treatment.

Clarendon.

[For the idea expressed by shabby, there is not a better word in the language.]

Shack

SHACK, noun In ancient customs of England, a liberty of winter pasturage. In Norfolk and Suffolk, the lord of a manor has shack, that is, liberty of feeding his sheep at pleasure on his tenants' lands during the six winter months. In Norfolk, shack extends to the common for hogs, in all men's grounds, from harvest to seed-time; whence to go a-shack, is to feed at large.

Cowel. Encyc.

In New England, shack is used in a somewhat similar sense for mast or the food of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest, [for we have no manors,] and I have heard a shiftless fellow, a vagabond, called a shack.

Shack

SHACK, verb intransitive To shed, as corn at harvest. [Local.]

Grose.

2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of the field. [Local.]

Pegge.

Shackle

SHACK'LE, noun Stubble.

[In Scotish, shag is the refuse of barley, or that which is not well filled, and is given to horses. The word shack then is probably from a root which signifies to break, to reject, or to waste, or it may be allied to shag and shake.]

Shackle

SHACK'LE, verb transitive [Saxon sceacul; Dutch schakel, a link or mesh; Saxon sceac-line, a rope to fasten the foot of a sail. Qu. the root. Class Sg. No. 74. But we find the word perhaps in the Arabic, from shakala, to tie the feet of a beast or bird.]

1. To chain; to fetter; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free motion.

So the stretch'd cord the shackled dancer tries,

As prone to fall as impotent to rise.

Smith.

2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embarrass action.

You must not shackle him with rules about indifferent matters.

Locke.

Shackle

SHACK'LE, or SHACK'LES, noun [generally used in the plural.] Fetters, gyves, handcuffs, cords or something else that confines the limbs so as to restrain the use of them, or prevent free motion.

Dryden.

2. That which obstructs or embarrasses free action.

His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles.

South.

Shackled

SHACK'LED, participle passive Tied; confined; embarrassed.

Shackling

SHACK'LING, participle of the present tense Fettering; binding; confining.

Shad

SHAD, noun It has no plural termination. Shad is singular or plural. [German schade. In Welsh ysgadan, Irish sgadan, is a herring.]

A fish, a species of Clupea. Shad enter the rivers in England and America in the spring in immense numbers.

Shaddock

SHAD'DOCK, noun A variety of the orange (Citrus aurantium;) pampelmoe. [French pamplemousse.]

Lee.

A large species of orange, (Citrus decumana.)

Ed. Encyc.

Shade

SHADE, noun [Saxon scad, scead, sced, shade; sceadan, to separate, divide or shade; German schatten, shadow, and to shade; Dutch schaduw, schaduwen; Danish skatterer, to shade a picture; Welsh ysgawd, a shade; ysgodi, to shade or shelter; cysgodi, id.; Cornish skod or skez; Irish sgath, and sgatham, to cut off, to shade. The Greek is probably the same word contracted, and perhaps, darkness. In the sense of cutting off or separating, this word coincides exactly, as it does in elements, with the German scheiden, Latin scindo, for scido, which is formed on coedo, to strike off. Hence Saxon gescead, distinction, Latin scutum, a shield, Spanish escudo; that which cuts off or intercepts. Owen deduces the Welsh word from cawd, something that incloses; but probably the sense is that which cuts off or defends.]

1. Literally, the interception, cutting off or interruption of the rays of light; hence, the obscurity which is caused by such interception. Shade differs from shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. Hence when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its extent.

2. Darkness; obscurity; as the shades of night. The shade of the earth constitutes the darkness of night.

3. An obscure place, properly in a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays; and hence, a secluded retreat.

Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there

Weep our sad bosoms empty.

Shak.

4. A screen; something that intercepts light or heat.

5. Protection; shelter. [See Shadow.]

6. In painting, the dark part of a picture.

Dryden.

7. Degree or gradation of light.

White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green, come only in by the eyes.

Locke.

8. A shadow. [See Shadow.]

Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue.

Pope.

[This is allowable in poetry.]

9. The soul, after its separation from the body; so called because the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as the shades of departed heroes.

Swift as thought, the flitting shadeÃ‚--

Dryden.

Shade

SHADE, verb transitive [Saxon sceadan, gesceadan, to separate, to divide, to shade.]

1. To shelter or screen from light by intercepting its rays; and when applied to the rays of the sun, it signifies to shelter from light and heat; as, a large tree shades the plants under its branches; shaded vegetables rarely come to perfection.

I went to crop the sylvan scenes,

And shade our altars with their leafy greens.

Dryden.

2. To overspread with darkness or obscurity; to obscure.

Thou shad'st

The full blaze of thy beams.

Milton.

3. To shelter; to hide.

Ere in our own house I do shade my head.

Shak.

4. To cover from injury; to protect; to screen.

Milton.

5. To paint in obscure colors; to darken.

6. To mark with gradations of color; as the shading pencil.

Milton.

7. To darken; to obscure.

Shaded

SHA'DED, participle passive Defended from the rays of the sun; darkened.

Shader

SHA'DER, noun He or that which shades.

Shadiness

SHA'DINESS, noun [from shady.] The state of being shady; umbrageousness; as the shadiness of the forest.

Shading

SHA'DING, participle of the present tense Sheltering from the sun's rays.

Shadow

SHAD'OW, noun [Saxon scadu, sceadu. See Shade.]

1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a plane and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as the shadow of a man, of a tree or a tower. The shadow of the earth in an eclipse of the moon is proof of its sphericity.

2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.

Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise.

Denham.

3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat or influence of the air.

In secret shadow from the sunny ray,

On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid.

Spenser.

4. Obscure place; secluded retreat.

To secret shadows I retire. [Obs.]

Dryden.

5. Dark part of a picture. Obs.

Peacham.

[In the two last senses, shade is now used.]

6. A spirit; a ghost. Obs.

[In this sense, shade is now used.]

7. In painting, the representation of a real shadow.

8. An imperfect and faint representation; opposed to substance.

The law having a shadow of good things to come. Hebrews 10.

9. Inseparable companion.

Sin and her shadow, death.

Milton.

10. Type; mystical representation.

Types and shadows of that destin'd seed.

Milton.

11. Protection; shelter; favor. Lamentations 4. Psalm 91.

12. Slight or faint appearance. James 1.

Shadow of death, terrible darkness, trouble or death. Job 3.

Shadow

SHAD'OW, verb transitive To overspread with obscurity.

The warlike elf much wonder'd at this tree

So fair and great, that shadow'd all the ground.

Spenser.

[Shade is more generally used.]

2. To cloud; to darken.

The shadow'd livery of the burning sun.

Shak.

3. To make cool; to refresh by shade; or to shade.

Flowery fields and shadowed waters.

Sidney.

4. To conceal; to hide; to screen.

Let every soldier hew him down a bough,

And bear't before him; thereby shall we shadow

The number of our host. [Unusual.]

Shak.

5. To protect; to screen from danger; to shroud.

Shadowing their right under your wings of war.

Shak.

6. To mark with slight gradations of color or light. [In this sense, shade is chiefly used.]

Locke.

7. To paint in obscure colors; as void spaces deeply shadowed.

Dryden.

8. To represent faintly or imperfectly.

Augustus is shadowed in the person of AEneas.

Dryden.

9. To represent typically. The healing power of the brazen serpent shadoweth the efficacy of Christ's righteousness.

[The two last senses are in use. In place of the others, shade is now more generally used.]

Shadowed

SHAD'OWED, participle passive Represented imperfectly or typically.

Shadow-Grass

SHAD'OW-GRASS, noun A kind of grass so called. [Gramen sylvaticum.]

Johnson.

Shadowing

SHAD'OWING, participle of the present tense Representing by faint or imperfect resemblance.

Shadowing

SHAD'OWING, noun Shade or gradation of light and color. [This should be shading.]

Shadowy

SHAD'OWY, adjective [Saxon sceadwig.] Full of shade; dark; gloomy.

This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods.

Shak.

2. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.

More pleasant light

Shadowy sets off the face of things.

Milton.

3. Faintly representative; typical; as shadowy expiations.

Milton.

4. Unsubstantial; unreal.

Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death.

Addison.

5. Dark; obscure; opake.

By command ere yet dim night

Her shadowy cloud withdraws.

Milton.

Shady

SHA'DY, adjective [from shade.] Abounding with shade or shades; overspread with shade.

And Amaryllis fills the shady groves.

Dryden.

2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.

Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for summer and warm for winter.

Bacon.

Shaffle

SHAF'FLE, verb intransitive [See Shuffle.] To hobble or limp. [Not in use.]

Shaffler

SHAF'FLER, noun A hobbler; one that limps. [Not in use.]

Shaft

SH`AFT, noun [Saxon sceaft; Dutch German schaft; Swedish Danish skaft; Latin scapus; from the root of shape, from setting, or shooting, extending.]

1. An arrow; a missile weapon; as the archer and the shaft.

More.

So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow

With vigor drawn must send the shaft below.

Dryden.

2. In mining, a pit or long narrow opening or entrance into a mine. [This may possibly be a different word, as in German it is written schacht, Danish skoegte.]

3. In architecture, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between the base and the capital.

4. Any thing straight; as the shaft of a steeple, and many other things.

Peacham.

5. The stem or stock of a fether or quill.

6. The pole of a carriage, sometimes called tongue or neap. The thills of a chaise or gig are also called shafts.

7. The handle of a weapon.

Shaft, or white-shaft, a species of Trochilus or humming bird, having a bill twenty lines in length, and two long white fethers in the middle of its tail.

Encyc.

Shafted

SH`AFTED, adjective Having a handle; a term in heraldry, applied to a spear-head.

Shaftment

SH`AFTMENT, noun [Saxon scoeftmund.] A span, a measure of about six inches. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Shag

SHAG, noun [Saxon sceacga, hair, shag; Danish skioeg; Swedish sk?gg, the beard, a brush, &c.

In Ethiopic shaky, a hair cloth.]

1. Coarse hair or nap, or rough woolly hair.

True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn.

Gay.

2. A kind of cloth having a long coarse nap.

3. In ornithology, an aquatic fowl, the Pelecanus graculus; in the north of England called the crave.

Encyc. Ed. Encyc.

Shag

SHAG, adjective Hairy; shaggy.

Shak.

Shag

SHAG, verb transitive To make rough or hairy.

Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies.

J. Barlow.

2. To make rough or shaggy; to deform.

Thomson.

Shagged

SHAG'GED, or SHAG'GY, adjective Rough with long hair or wool.

About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin.

Dryden.

2. Rough; rugged; as the shaggy tops of hills.

Milton.

And throw the shaggy spoils about your shoulders.

Addison.

Shaggedness

SHAG'GEDNESS, or SHAG'GINESS, noun The state of being shaggy; roughness with long loose hair or wool.

Shagreen

SHAGREE'N, noun [Pers. sagri, the skin of a horse or an ass, &c. dressed.]

A kind of grained lether prepared of the skin of a fish, a species of Squalus. To prepare it, the skin is stretched and covered with mustard seed, which is bruised upon it. The skin is then exposed to the weather for some days, and afterwards tanned.

Encyc.

Shagreen

SHAGREE'N, adjective Made of the lether called shagreen.

Shagreen

SHAGREEN, for chagrin. [See Chagrin.]

Shah

SHAH, noun A Persian word signifying king.

Eton.

Shaik

SHAIK, or SCHEICH, noun Among the Arabians and Moors, an old man, and hence a chief, a lord, a man of eminence.

Encyc.

Shail

SHAIL, verb transitive To walk sidewise. [Low and not in use.]

L'Estrange.

[This word is probably the German schielen, Danish skieler, to squint.]

Shake

SHAKE, verb transitive pret. shook; pp. shaken. [Saxon sceacan, to shake, also to flee, to depart, to withdraw; Swedish skaka; Dutch schokken, to shake, to jolt, to heap; schok, a shock, jolt or bounce; Welsh ysgegiaw, to shake by seizing one by the throat; cegiaw, to choke, from cÃƒ-ªg, a choking, the mouth, an entrance. If the Welsh gives the true origin of this word, it is remarkably expressive, and characteristic of rough manners. I am not confident that the Welsh and Saxon are from a common stock.]

1. To cause to move with quick vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to agitate; as, the wind shakes a tree; an earthquake shakes the hills or the earth.

I shook my lap, and said, so God shake out every man from his houseÃ‚-- Nehemiah 5.

He shook the sacred honors of his head.

Dryden.

Ã‚--As a fig tree casteth her untimely fruit, when it is shaken of a mighty wind. Revelation 6.

2. To make to totter or tremble.

The rapid wheels shake heav'n's basis.

Milton.

3. To cause to shiver; as, an ague shakes the whole frame.

4. To throw down by a violent motion.

Macbeth is ripe for shaking.

Shak.

[But see shake off, which is generally used.]

5. To throw away; to drive off.

'Tis our first intent

To shake all cares and business from our age.

[See Shake off.]

Shak.

6. To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to endanger; to threaten to overthrow. Nothing should shake our belief in the being and perfections of God, and in our own accountableness.

7. To cause to waver or doubt; to impair the resolution of; to depress the courage of.

That ye be not soon shaken in mind. 2 Thessalonians 2.

8. To trill; as, to shake a note in music.

To shake hands, sometimes, to unite with; to agree or contract with; more generally, to take leave of, from the practice of shaking hands at meeting and parting.

Shak. K. Charles.

To shake off, to drive off; to throw off or down by violence; as, to shake off the dust of the feet; also, to rid one's self; to free from; to divest of; as, to shake off disease or grief; to shake off troublesome dependents.

Addison.

Shake

SHAKE, verb intransitive To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; as, a tree shakes with the wind; the house shakes in a tempest.

The foundations of the earth do shake. Isaiah 24.

2. To tremble; to shiver; to quake; as, a man shakes in an ague; or he shakes with cold, or with terror.

3. To totter.

Under his burning wheels

The steadfast empyrean shook throughout,

All but the throne itself of God.

Milton.

Shake

SHAKE, noun Concussion; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and the other; agitation.

The great soldier's honor was composed of thicker stuff which could endure a shake.

Herbert.

2. A trembling or shivering; agitation.

3. A motion of hands clasped.

Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand.

Addison.

4. In music, a trill; a rapid reiteration of two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one whole tone, nor less than a semitone.

Busby.

Shaken

SHAKEN, pp. sha'kn. Impelled with a vacillating motion; agitated.

2. adjective Cracked or split; as shaken timber.

Nor is the wood shaken nor twisted, as those about Capetown.

Barrow.

[Our mechanics usually pronounce this shaky, forming the word from shake, like pithy, from pith.]

Shaker

SHA'KER, noun A person or thing that shakes or agitates; as the shaker of the earth.

Pope.

2. In the United States, Shakers is the name given to a very singular sect of Christians, so called from the agitations or movements which characterize their worship.

Shaking

SHA'KING, participle of the present tense Impelling to a wavering motion; causing to vacillate or waver; agitating.

2. Trembling; shivering; quaking.

Shaking

SHA'KING, noun The act of shaking or agitating; brandishing. Job 41.

2. Concussion.

Harmar.

3. A trembling or shivering.

Waller.

Shaky

SHA'KY, adjective Cracked, as timber.

Chambers.

Shal

SHAL, or SHALL, verb intransitive verb auxiliary. pret. should. [Saxon scealan, scylan, to be obliged. It coincides in signification nearly with ought, it is a duty, it is necessary; Dutch zal, zul; German soll; Swedish skola, pret. skulle; Danish skal, skulle, skulde. The German and Dutch have lost the palatal letter of the verb; but it appears in the derivative German schuld, guilt, fault, culpability, debt; Dutch schuld, id.; Swedish skuld, Danish skyld, debt, fault, guilt; skylder, to owe; Saxon scyld, debt, offense, Latin scelus. The literal sense is to hold or be held, hence to owe, and hence the sense of guilt, a being held, bound or liable to justice and punishment. In the Teutonic dialects, schulden, skyld, are used in the Lord's prayer, as "forgive us our debts," but neither debt nor trespass expresses the exact idea, which includes sin or crime, and liability to punishment. The word seems to be allied in origin to skill, Latin calleo, to be able, to know. See Skill. Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative or participle. It ought to be written shal, as the original has one l only, and it has one only in shalt and should.]

1. Shall is primarily in the present tense, and in our mother tongue was followed by a verb in the infinitive, like other verbs. ``Ic sceal fram the beon gefullod.' I have need to be baptized of thee. Matthew 3. ``Ic nu sceal singan sar-cwidas.' I must now sing mournful songs.

Boethius.

We still use shall and should before another verb in the infinitive, without the sign to; but the signification of shall is considerably deflected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the tenses. In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the infinitive, forms the future tense; but its force and effect are different with the different persons or personal pronouns. Thus in the first person, shall simply foretells or declares what will take place: as, I or we shall ride to town on Monday. This declaration simply informs another of a fact that is to take place. The sense of shall here is changed from an expression of need or duty, to that of previous statement or information, grounded on intention or resolution. When uttered with emphasis, ``I shall go,' it expresses firm determination, but not a promise.

2. In the second and third persons, shall implies a promise, command or determination. ``You shall receive your wages,' ``he shall receive his wages,' imply that you or he ought to receive them; but usage gives to these phrases the force of a promise in the person uttering them.

When shall is uttered with emphasis in such phrases, it expresses determination in the speaker, and implies an authority to enforce the act. ``Do you refuse to go? Does he refuse to go? But you or he shall go.'

3. Shall I go, shall he go, interrogatively, asks for permission or direction. But shall you go, asks for information of another's intention.

4. But after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply foretells. He says that he shall leave town to-morrow. So also in the second person; you say that you shall ride to-morrow.

5. After if, and some verbs which express condition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply foretells; as,

If I shall say, or we shall say, Thou shalt say, ye or you shall say, He shall say, they shall say.

6. Should, in the first person, implies a conditional event. ``I should have written a letter yesterday, had I not been interrupted.' Or it expresses obligation, and that in all the persons.

I should, Thou shouldst, He should, You should, have paid the bill on demand; it was my duty, your duty, his duty to pay the bill on demand, but it was not paid.

7. Should, though properly the past tense of shall, is often used to express a contingent future event; as, if it should rain to-morrow; if you should go to London next week; if he should arrive within a month. In like manner after though, grant, admit, allow.

Shale

SHALE, verb transitive To peel. [Not in use. See Shell.]

Shale

SHALE, noun [German schale; a different orthography of shell, but not in use. See Shell.]

1. A shell or husk.

Shak.

2. In natural history, a species of shist or shistous clay; slate clay; generally of a bluish or yellowish gray color, more rarely of a dark blackish or reddish gray, or grayish black, or greenish color. Its fracture is slaty, and in water it molders into powder. It is often found in strata in coal mines, and commonly bears vegetable impressions. It is generally the forerunner of coal.

Kirwan.

Bituminous shale is a subvariety of argillaceous slate, is impregnated with bitumen, and burns with flame.

Cleaveland.

Shalloon

SHALLOON', noun [said to be from Chalons, in France; Spanish chaleon; French ras de Chalons.] A slight woolen stuff.

Swift.

Shallop

SHAL'LOP, noun [French chaloupe; Spanish Portugese chalupa; German schaluppe. This word is changed into sloop; but the two words have now different significations.]

1. A sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a schooner.

Mar. Dict.

2. A small light vessel with a small main-mast and fore-mast, with lug-sails.

Encyc.

Shallow

SHAL'LOW, adjective [from shoal, Saxon sceol, a crowd, or rather scylf, a shelf.]

1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal; as shallow water; a shallow stream; a shallow brook.

Dryden.

2. Not deep; not entering far into the earth; as a shallow furrow; a shallow trench.

Dryden.

3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects; superficial; as a shallow mind or understanding; shallow skill.

Deep vers'd in books, and shallow in himself.

Milton.

4. Slight; not deep; as a shallow sound.

Bacon.

Shallow

SHAL'LOW, noun A shoal; a shelf; a flat; a sand-bank; any place where the water is not deep.

A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of gravel.

Bacon.

Dash'd on the shallows of the moving sand.

Dryden.

Shallow

SHAL'LOW, verb transitive To make shallow. [Little used.]

Herbert.

Shallow-Brained

SHAL'LOW-BRAINED, adjective Weak in intellect; foolish; empty headed.

South.

Shallowly

SHAL'LOWLY, adverb With little depth.

Carew.

2. Superficially; simply; without depth of thought or judgment; not wisely.

Shak.

Shallowness

SHAL'LOWNESS, noun Want of depth; small depth; as the shallowness of water, of a river, of a stream.

2. Superficialness of intellect; want of power to enter deeply into subjects; emptiness; silliness.

Shalm

SHALM, or SHAWM, noun [German schalmeie, from schallen, to sound. A kind of musical pipe. [Not used.]

Knolles.

Shalote

SHALO'TE, noun The French echalote anglicized. [See Eschalot.]

Shalstone

SHAL'STONE, noun A mineral found only in the Bannet of Temeswar, of a grayish, yellowish or reddish white; tafelspath.

Shalt

SHALT, the second person singular of shall; as, thou shalt not steal.

Sham

SHAM, noun [Welsh siom, vacuity, void, balk, disappointment.]

That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints; delusion; imposture. [Not an elegant word.]

Believe who will the solemn sham, not I.

Addison.

Sham

SHAM, adjective False; counterfeit; pretended; as a sham fight.

Sham

SHAM, verb transitive [Welsh siomi, to balk or disappoint.]

To deceive expectation; to trick; to cheat; to delude with false pretenses.

They find themselves fooled and shammed into conviction. [Not elegant.]

L'Estrange.

2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition.

L'Estrange.

Sham

SHAM, verb intransitive To make mocks.

Prior.

Shaman

SHAM'AN, noun In Russia, a wizard or conjurer, who by enchantment pretends to cure diseases, ward off misfortunes and foretell events.

Encyc.

Shambles

SHAM'BLES, noun [Saxon scamel, Latin scamnum, a bench, Italian scanno, Spanish escaÃƒ-±o; from Latin scando.]

1. The place where butcher's meat is sold; a flesh-market. 1 Corinthians 10.

2. In mining, a nich or shelf left at suitable distances to receive the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus raised to the top.

Shambling

SHAM'BLING, adjective [from scamble, scambling.]

Moving with an awkward, irregular, clumsy pace; as a shambling trot; shambling legs.

Smith.

Shambling

SHAM'BLING, noun An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or gait.

Shame

SHAME, noun [Saxon scama, sceam, sceom; German scham; Dutch schaamen; Swedish Danish skam. Qu. Arabic chashama, with a prefix, to cause shame, to blush, to reverence. Class Sm. No. 48.]

1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of having done something which injures reputation; or by the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame is particularly excited by the disclosure of actions which, in the view of men, are mean and degrading. Hence it is often or always manifested by a downcast look or by blushes, called confusion of face.

Hide, for shame,

Romans, your grandsires' images,

That blush at their degenerate progeny.

Dryden.

Shame prevails when reason is defeated.

Rambler.

2. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others. Thus an idol is called a shame. Hosea 9.

Guides, who are the shame of religion.

South.

3. Reproach; ignominy; derision; contempt.

Ye have borne the shame of the heathen. Ezekiel 36.

4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered.

5. Dishonor; disgrace. Proverbs 9.

Shame

SHAME, verb transitive To make ashamed; to excite a consciousness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputation; to cause to blush.

Who shames a scribbler, breaks a cobweb through.

Pope.

I write not these things to shame you. 1 Corinthians 4.

2. To disgrace.

And with foul cowardice his carcass shame.

Spenser.

3. To mock at.

Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor. Psalm 14.

Shame

SHAME, verb intransitive To be ashamed.

To its trunk authors give such a magnitude, as I shame to repeat.

Raleigh.

[This verb, I believe, is no longer used intransitively.]

Shamed

SHA'MED, participle passive Made ashamed.

Shamefaced

SHA'MEFACED, adjective [Lye supposes this to be a corruption of Saxon scam-foest, shame-fast, held or restrained by shame.]

Bashful; easily confused or put out of countenance. A man may be shamefaced to excess.

Conscience is a blushing shamefaced spirit.

Shak.

Your shamefac'd virtue shunn'd the people's praise.

Dryden.

Shamefacedly

SHA'MEFACEDLY, adverb Bashfully; with excessive modesty.

Woolton.

Shamefacedness

SHA'MEFACEDNESS, noun Bashfulness; excess of modesty.

Dryden.

Shameful

SHA'MEFUL, adjective [shame and full.] That brings shame or disgrace; scandalous; disgraceful; injurious to reputation. It expresses less than infamous and ignominious.

His naval preparations were not more surprising than his quick and shameful retreat.

Arbuthnot.

2. Indecent; raising shame in others.

Phoebus flying so most shameful sight.

Spenser.

Shamefully

SHA'MEFULLY, adverb Disgracefully; in a manner to bring reproach. He shamefully deserted his friend.

2. With indignity or indecency; in a manner that may cause shame.

How shamefully that maid he did torment.

Spenser.

Shamefulness

SHA'MEFULNESS, noun Disgracefulness.

Johnson.

Shameless

SHA'MELESS, adjective [shame and less.] Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; impudent; brazen-faced; immodest; audacious; insensible to disgrace.

Such shameless bards we have.

Pope.

2. Done without shame; indicating want of shame; as a shameless denial of truth.

Shamelessly

SHA'MELESSLY, adverb Without shame; impudently; as a man shamelessly wicked.

Hale.

Shamelessness

SHA'MELESSNESS, noun Destitution of shame; want of sensibility to disgrace or dishonor; impudence.

He that blushes not at his crime, but adds shamelessness to shame, has nothing left to restore him to virtue.

Taylor.

Shamer

SHA'MER, noun One who makes ashamed; that which confounds.

Shaming

SHA'MING, participle of the present tense Making ashamed; causing to blush; confounding.

Shammer

SHAM'MER, noun [from sham.] One that shams; an impostor. [Low.]

Shamois

SHAMOIS, or SHAM'MY, noun [French chamois; Italian camozza; Spanish gamuza; Portugese gamo; from Spanish gama, a doe, or its root; Welsh gavyr, a goat; Cornish Irish gavar.]

1. A species of wild goat, (Capra rupicapra, goat of the rocks,) inhabiting the mountains of Savoy, Piedmont, and the Pyrenees.

Encyc.

The shamois is now considered as a species of antelope, (Antelope rupicapra.)

Ed. Encyc.

2. A kind of lether prepared from the skin of the wild goat. It is dressed in oil or tanned, and much esteemed for its softness, pliancy and the quality of bearing soap without damage. A great part of the lether which bears this name is counterfeit, being made of the skin of the common goat, the kid. or even of sheep.

Encyc.

Shamrock

SHAM'ROCK, noun The Irish name for three-leafed grass.

Spenser.

Shank

SHANK, noun [Saxon scanc, sceanc; German, Dutch schenkel; Swedish skank.]

1. The whole joint from the knee to the ankle. In a horse, the part of the fore leg between the knee and the footlock.

2. The tibia or large bone of the leg; as crooked shanks.

3. The long part of an instrument; as the shank of a key.

Moxon.

The beam or shaft of an anchor.

Mar. Dict.

4. A plant. [bryonia.]

Johnson.

Shanked

SHANK'ED, adjective Having a shank.

Shanker

SHANK'ER, noun [from French chancre.] A malignant ulcer, usually occasioned by some venereal complaint.

Encyc.

Shank-Painter

SHANK-PAINTER, noun With seamen, a short rope and chain which sustains the shank and flukes of an anchor against the ship's side, as the stopper fastens the ring and stock to the cat-head.

Mar. Dict.

Shanscrit

SHAN'SCRIT, noun The Sanscrit, or ancient language of Hindoostan. [See Sanscrit.]

Shanty

SHANTY, for janty, gay; showy. [Not in use or local.]

Shape

SHAPE, verb transitive pret. shaped; pp. shaped or shapen. [Saxon sceapian, sceppan, scipan or scyppan, to form, to create; Swedish skapa; Danish skaber; German schaffen, to create, to make or get, to procure. furnish or supply; Dutch scheppen, schaffen; Sanscrit shafana. The Swedish has skaffa, to provide, and the Danish skaffer.]

1. To form or create.

I was shapen in iniquity. Psalm 51.

2. To mold or make into a particular form; to give form or figure to; as, to shape a garment.

Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd her face.

Prior.

3. To mold; to cast; to regulate; to adjust; to adapt to a purpose. He shapes his plans or designs to the temper of the times.

4. To direct; as, to shape a course.

Denham.

5. To image; to conceive.

Oft my jealousy

Shapes faults that are not.

Shak.

Shape

SHAPE, verb intransitive To square; to suit; to be adjusted.

Shak.

Shape

SHAPE, noun Form or figure as constituted by lines and angles; as the shape of a horse or a tree; the shape of the head, hand or foot.

2. External appearance.

He beat me grievously in the shape of a woman.

Shak.

3. The form of the trunk of the human body; as a clumsy shape; an elegant shape.

4. A being as endowed with form.

Before the gates there sat,

On either side, a formidable shape.

Milton.

5. Idea; pattern.

Milton.

6. Form. This application comes before the legislature in the shape of a memorial.

7. Manner.

Shaped

SHA'PED, or SHA'PEN, participle passive Formed; molded; cast; conceived.

Shapeless

SHA'PELESS, adjective Destitute of regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; as deformed and shapeless.

Shak.

The shapeless rock or hanging precipice.

Pope.

Shapelessness

SHA'PELESSNESS, noun Destitution of regular form.

Shapeliness

SHA'PELINESS, noun [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion of form. [Little used.]

Shapely

SHA'PELY, adjective [from shape.] Well formed; having a regular shape; symmetrical.

Warton.

Shapesmith

SHA'PESMITH, noun [shape and smith.] One that undertakes to improve the form of the body. [In burlesque.]

Garth.

Shaping

SHA'PING, participle of the present tense Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; giving form.

Shard

SH`ARD, noun [Saxon sceard, from scearan, to shear, to separate.]

1. A piece or fragment of an earthern vessel or of any brittle substance. Obs.

Shak.

2. The shell of an egg or of a snail.

Gower.

3. A plant. [chard.]

Dryden.

4. A frith or strait; as a perilous shard.

Spenser.

5. A gap.

6. A fish.

Shardborn

SH`ARDBORN, adjective [shard and born.] Born or produced among fragments, or in crevices; as the shardborn beetle.

Shak.

Johnson suggests that shard may perhaps signify the sheath of the wings of insects. In this case, the word should be written shardborne, and defined, borne in the air by sheathed wings. Such is Todd's explanation of the word in Shakespeare. The word shard may perhaps be used for the crustaceous wing of an insect, but I know not that such a sense is legitimate. [See Sharded.]

Sharded

SH`ARDED, adjective Having wings sheathed with a hard case; as the sharded beetle.

Todd, from Gower.

Inhabiting shards.

Johnson, from Shak.

Share

SHARE, noun [Saxon scear, sceara, from scearan, to shear; Welsh ysgar, which is a compound.]

1. A part; a portion; a quantity; as a small share of prudence or good sense.

2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a number in common; that part of an undivided interest which belongs to each proprietor; as a ship owned in ten shares; a Tontine building owned in a hundred shares.

3. The part of a thing allotted or distributed to each individual of a number; dividend; separate portion. Each heir has received his share of the estate.

4. A part belonging to one; portion possessed.

Nor I without my share of fame.

Dryden.

5. A part contributed. He bears his share of the burden.

6. The broad iron or blade of a plow which cuts the ground; or furrow-slice.

Mortimer.

To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned.

L'Estrange.

Share

SHARE, verb transitive [Saxon scearan, scyran; but we have shear directly from this verb, and share seems to be from the noun; Welsh ysgariaw.]

1. To divide; to part among two or more.

Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger.

Swift.

And share his burden where he shares his heart.

Dryden.

2. To partake or enjoy with others; to seize and possess jointly or in common.

Great Jove with Cesar shares his sov'reign sway.

Milton.

While avarice and rapine share the land.

Milton.

3. To cut; to shear. [Not now in use.]

And the shar'd visage hangs on equal sides.

Dryden.

Share

SHARE, verb intransitive To have part.

A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share in the goods of his father.

Locke.

Share-Bone

SHA'RE-BONE, noun The ossa pubis.

Derham.

Shared

SHA'RED, participle passive Held or enjoyed with another or others; divided; distributed in shares.

Shareholder

SHA'REHOLDER, noun [share and holder.]

One that holds or owns a share in a joint fund or property.

One of the proprietors of the mine, who was a principal shareholder in the company, died.

Med. Repos.

Sharer

SHA'RER, noun A partaker; one that participates any thing with another; one who enjoys or suffers in common with another or others; as a sharer in another's good fortune; a sharer in the toils of war; a sharer in a lady's affections.

Sharing

SHA'RING, participle of the present tense Partaking; having a part with another; enjoying or suffering with others.

Sharing

SHA'RING, noun Participation.

Shark

SH'ARK, noun [Latin carcharias; Greek, from, sharp; Cornish skarkias.]

1. A voracious fish of the genus Squalus, of several species. The body is oblong, tapering and rough, and some species have several rows of serrated teeth. The largest grow to the length of thirty feet.

2. A greedy artful fellow; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks. [Low.]

South.

3. Trick; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Little used.]

South.

4. In New England, one that lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem.

Shark

SH`ARK, verb transitive To pick up hastily, slily or in small quantities. [Low.]

Shak.

Shark

SH`ARK, verb intransitive To play the petty thief; or rather to live by shifts and petty stratagems. [In New England, the common pronunciation is shurk, but the word rarely implies fraud.]

2. To cheat; to trick. [Low.]

Ainsworth.

3. To fawn upon for a dinner; to beg.

Johnson.

To shark out, to slip out or escape by low artifices. [Vulgar.]

Sharker

SH`ARKER, noun One that lives by sharking; an artful fellow.

Wotton.

Sharking

SH`ARKING, participle of the present tense Picking up in haste; living by petty rapine, or by shifts and devices.

Sharking

SH`ARKING, noun Petty rapine; trick.

Westfield.

2. The seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices.

Sharp

SH`ARP, adjective [Saxon scearp; Dutch scherp; German scharf; Danish Swedish skarp; Turk. scerp: probably from the root of shear, shire, short; the radical letters being Cr or Gr.]

1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; keen; acute; not blunt. Thus we say, a sharp knife, or a sharp needle. A sharp edge easily severs a substance; a sharp point is easily made to penetrate it.

2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse; as, a hill terminates in a sharp peak, or a sharp ridge.

3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the ridge; as a sharp roof.

4. Acute of mind; quick to discern or distinguish; penetrating; ready at invention; witty; ingenious.

Nothing makes men sharper than want.

Addison.

Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have not yet obtained clear ideas.

Watts.

5. Being of quick or nice perception; applied to the senses or organs of perception; as a sharp eye; sharp sight.

To sharp ey'd reason this would seem untrue.

Dryden.

6. Affecting the organs of taste like fine points; sour; acid; as sharp vinegar; sharp tasted citrons.

Dryden.

7. Affecting the organs of hearing like sharp points; piercing; penetrating; shrill; as a sharp sound or voice; a sharp note or tone; opposed to a flat note or sound.

8. Severe; harsh; biting; sarcastic; as sharp words; sharp rebuke.

Ã‚--Be thy words severe,

Sharp as he merits; but the sword forbear.

Dryden.

9. Severely rigid; quick or severe in punishing; cruel.

To that place the sharp Athenian law

Cannot pursue us.

Shak.

10. Eager for food; keen; as a sharp appetite.

11. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest.

My faulchion now is sharp and passing empty.

Shak.

12. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; as a sharp contest.

A sharp assault already is begun.

Dryden.

13. Keen; severe; pungent; as sharp pain.

14. Very painful or distressing; as sharp tribulation; a sharp fit of the gout.

15. Very attentive or vigilant.

Sharp at her utmost ken she cast her eyes.

Dryden.

16. Making nice calculations of profit; or close and exact in making bargains or demanding dues.

Swift.

17. Biting; pinching; piercing; as sharp air; sharp wind or weather.

Ray.

18. Subtil; nice; witty; acute; used of things; as a sharp discourse.

19. Among workmen, hard; as sharp sand.

Moxon.

20. Emaciated; lean; thin; as a sharp visage.

Milton.

To brace sharp, in seamanship, to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lay well up to the wind.

Mar. Dict.

Sharp

SH`ARP, noun In music, an acute sound.

Shak.

2. A note artificially raised a semitone; or,

3. The character which directs the note to be thus elevated; opposed to a flat, which depresses a note a semitone.

Encyc.

4. A pointed weapon. [Not in use.]

Collier.

Sharp

SH`ARP, verb transitive To make keen or acute.

B. Jonson.

2. To render quick.

Spenser.

3. To mark with a sharp, in musical composition; or to raise a note a semitone.

Sharp

SH`ARP, verb intransitive To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper.

L'Estrange.

Sharp-Edged

SH`ARP-EDG'ED, adjective Having a fine keen edge.

Sharpen

SHARPEN, v. t. shÃƒ- rpn. [German schÃƒ-¤rfen; Dutch scherpen; Swedish sk?rpa.]

1. To make sharp; to give a keen edge or fine point to a thing; to edge; to point; as, to sharpen a knife, an ax or the teeth of a saw; to sharpen a sword.

All the Israelites went down to the Philistines to sharpen every man his share and his coulter, and his ax and his mattock. 1 Samuel 13.

2. To make more eager or active; as, to sharpen the edge of industry.

Hooker.

3. To make more pungent and painful. The abuse of wealth and greatness may hereafter sharpen the sting of conscience.

4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. The wit or the intellect is sharpened by study.

5. To render perception more quick or acute.

Th' air sharpen'd his visual ray

To objects distant far.

Milton.

6. To render more keen; to make more eager for food or for any gratification; as, to sharpen the appetite; to sharpen a desire.

Shak. Tillotson.

7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe.

Sharpen each word.

Smith.

8. To render less flat, or more shrill or piercing.

Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it.

Bacon.

9. To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar.

10. To make more distressing; as, to sharpen grief or other evil.

11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp.

Prof. Fisher.

Sharpen

SH`ARPEN, verb intransitive To grow or become sharp.

Shak.

Sharper

SH`ARPER, noun A shrewd man in making bargains; a tricking fellow; a cheat in bargaining or gaming.

Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind.

L'Estrange.

Sharply

SH`ARPLY, adverb With a keen edge or a fine point.

2. Severely; rigorously; roughly. Titus ~~.

They are to be more sharply chastised and reformed than the rude Irish.

Spenser.

3. Keenly; acutely; vigorously; as the mind and memory sharply exercised.

B. Jonson.

4. Violently; vehemently.

At the arrival of the English embassadors, the soldiers were sharply assailed with wants.

Hayward.

5. With keen perception; exactly; minutely.

You contract your eye, when you would see sharply.

Bacon.

6. Acutely; wittily; with nice discernment.

Sharpness

SH`ARPNESS, noun Keenness of an edge or point; as the sharpness of a razor or a dart.

2. Not obtuseness.

Wotton.

3. Pungency; acidity; as the sharpness of vinegar.

Watts.

4. Pungency of pain; keenness; severity of pain or affliction; as the sharpness of pain, grief or anguish.

5. Painfulness; afflictiveness; as the sharpness of death or calamity.

And the best quarrels in the heat are curst

By those that feel their sharpness.

Shak.

6. Severity of language; pungency; satirical sarcasm; as the sharpness of satire or rebuke.

Some did all folly with just sharpness blame.

Dryden.

7. Acuteness of intellect; the power of nice discernment; quickness of understanding; ingenuity; as sharpness of wit or understanding.

Dryden. Addison.

8. Quickness of sense or perception; as the sharpness of sight.

9. Keenness; severity; as the sharpness of the air or weather.

Sharp-Set

SH`ARP-SET, adjective [sharp and set.] Eager in appetite; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as an eagle or a lion sharp-set.

Brown.

2. Eager in desire of gratification.

The town is sharp-set on new plays.

Pope.

Sharp-Shooter

SH`ARP-SHOOTER, noun [sharp and shoot.] One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; one skilled in the use of the rifle.

Sharp-Sighted

SH`ARP-SIGHTED, adjective [sharp and sight.]

1. Having quick or acute sight; as a sharp-sighted eagle or hawk.

2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding; as a sharp-sighted opponent; sharp-sighted judgment.

Sharp-Visaged

SH`ARP-VISAGED, adjective [sharp and visage.] Having a sharp or thin face.

Hale.

Sharp-Witted

SH`ARP-WITTED, adjective Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.

Wotton.

Shaster

SHAS'TER, noun Among the Hindoos, a sacred book containing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramins and the ceremonies of their worship, and serving as a commentary on the Vedam. It consists of three parts; the first containing the moral law of the Hindoos; the second the rites and ceremonies of their religion; the third the distribution of the people into tribes or classes, with the duties pertaining to each.

Encyc.

Shatter

SHAT'TER, verb transitive [Dutch schateren, to crack, to make a great noise. This word seems to be allied to scatter and to scath, waste. The sense is to force or drive apart.]

1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into fragments; as, explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; lightning shatters the sturdy oak; steam shatters a boiler; a monarchy is shattered by revolt.

Locke.

2. To rend; to crack; to split; to rive into splinters.

3. To dissipate; to make incapable of close and continued application; as a man of shattered humor.

Norris.

4. To disorder; to derange; to render delirious; as, to shatter the brain. The man seems to be shattered in his intellect.

Shatter

SHAT'TER, verb intransitive To be broken into fragments; to fall or crumble to pieces by any force applied.

Some shatter and fly in many places.

Bacon.

Shatter-Brained

SHAT'TER-BRAINED, or SHAT'TER-PATED, adjective [shatter and brain or pate.]

1. Disordered or wandering in intellect.

2. Heedless; wild; not consistent.

Goodman.

Shattered

SHAT'TERED, participle passive Broken or dashed to pieces; rent; disordered.

Shattering

SHAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Dashing or breaking to pieces; rending; disordering.

Shatters

SHAT'TERS, noun [I believe used only in the plural.]

The fragments of any thing forcibly rent or broken; used chiefly or solely in the phrases, to break or rend into shatters.

Swift.

Shattery

SHAT'TERY, adjective Brittle; easily falling into many pieces; not compact; loose of texture; as shattery spar.

Woodward.

Shave

SHAVE, verb transitive pret. shaved; pp. shaved or shaven. [Saxon sceafan, scafan; Dutch schaaven; German schaben; Danish skaver; Swedish skafva.]

1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of a body by a razor or other edged instrument, by rubbing, scraping or drawing the instrument along the surface; as, to shave the chin and cheeks; to shave the head of its hair.

He shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing. Numbers 6.

2. To shave off, to cut off.

Neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard. Leviticus 21.

3. To pare close.

The bending sythe

Shaves all the surface of the waving green.

Gay.

4. To cut off thin slices; or to cut in thin slices.

Bacon.

5. To skim along the surface or near it; to sweep along.

He shaves with level wing the deep.

Milton.

6. To strip; to oppress by extortion; to fleece.

7. To make smooth by paring or cutting off slices; as, to shave hoops or staves.

To shave a note, to purchase it at a great discount, a discount much beyond the legal rate of interest. [A low phrase.]

Shave

SHAVE, noun [Swedish skaf; German schabe; Saxon scafa, sceafa; Dutch schaaf, a plane.]

An instrument with a long blade and a handle at each end for shaving hoops, &c.; called also a drawing knife.

Shaved

SHA'VED, participle passive Pared; made smooth with a razor or other cutting instrument; fleeced.

Shave-Grass

SHA'VE-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Equisetum.

Shaveling

SHA'VELING, noun A man shaved; a friar or religious; in contempt.

Spenser.

Shaver

SHA'VER, noun One that shaves or whose occupation is to shave.

2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer.

This Lewis is a cunning shaver.

Swift.

3. One that fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.

By these shavers the Turks were stripped of all they had.

Knolles.

Shaver

SHA'VER, noun [Gipsey, tschabe or tschawo, a boy; schawo or tschawo, a son; Arabic a youth, from shabba, to grow up, to excite.]

A boy or young man. This word is still in common use in New England. It must be numbered among our original words.

Shaving

SHA'VING, participle of the present tense Paring the surface with a razor or other sharp instrument; making smooth by paring; fleecing.

Shaving

SHA'VING, noun The act of paring the surface.

2. A thin slice pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane or other cutting instrument.

Mortimer.

Shaw

SHAW, noun [Saxon scua, scuwa; Swedish skugga; Danish skove, a thicket, and skygge, a shade.]

A thicket; a small wood. [Local in England. In America not used.]

Shaw-Fowl

SHAW'-FOWL, noun [shaw and fowl.] The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at.

Johnson.

Shawl

SHAWL, noun A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. Shawls are of various sizes from that of a handkerchief to that of a counterpane. Shawls were originally manufactured in the heart of India from the fine silky wool of the Thibet sheep, and the best shawls now come from Cashmere; but they are also manufactured in Europe. The largest kinds are used in train-dresses and for long scarfs.

Encyc.

Shawm

SHAWM, noun [German schalmeie, from schallen, to sound.]

A hautboy or cornet; written also shalm, but not in use.

Com. Prayer.

She

SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. [Saxon seo; Gothic si; Dutch zy; German sie. The Danes and Swedes use for he and she, the word from which the English has hen; Danish han, he, the male; hun, she, the female; hane, a cock; Swedish han, he; hanne, a cock; hon, hennes, henne, she. This is the root of Henry. She is perhaps the Hebrew a woman or wife. In the Saxon, seo is used as an adjective, and may be rendered the or a. It is also used as a relative, answering to who, Latin quoe. It is also used for he and that. In English, she has no variation, and is used only in the nominative case. In the oblique cases, we use hers and her, a distinct word.]

1. A pronoun which is the substitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gender; the word which refers to a female mentioned in the preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse.

Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. Genesis 18.

2. She is sometimes used as a noun for woman or female, and in the plural; but in contempt or in ludicrous language.

Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive.

Shak.

The shes of Italy shall not betray

My interest.

Shak.

3. She is used also in composition for female, representing sex; as a she-bear; a she-cat.

Sheading

SHE'ADING, noun [German scheiden, Saxon sceadan, to divide.]

In the isle of Man, a riding, tithing or division, in which there is a coroner or chief constable. The isle is divided into six sheadings.

Encyc.

Sheaf

SHEAF, noun plu. sheaves. [Saxon sceaf; Dutch schoof. It appears to be connected with the Dutch schuiven, schoof, to shove, Saxon scufan. The sense then is a mass or collection driven or pressed together. But the Welsh has ysgub, a sheuf and a besom, whence ysgubaw, to sweep, Latin scopa, scopo, and said to be from cub, what is put together, a cube. If these are of one family, as I suspect, the root is in Class Gb, and the sense to collect or press together.]

1. A quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound together; a bundle of stalks or straw.

Ã‚--The reaper fills his greedy hands,

And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands.

Dryden.

2. Any bundle or collection; as a sheaf of arrows.

Dryden.

Sheaf

SHEAF, verb transitive To collect and bind; to make sheaves.

Shak.

Sheal

SHEAL, to shell, not used.

Shak.

Shear

SHEAR, verb transitive pret. sheared; pp. sheared or shorn. The old pret. shore is entirely obsolete. [Saxon scearan, scyran, sciran, to shear, to divide, whence share and shire; German scheren, to shear or shave, and to vex, to rail, to jeer; schier dich weg, get you gone; schier dich aus dem wege, move out of the way; Dutch scheeren, to shave, shear, banter, stretch, warp; de gek scheeren, to play the fool; zig weg scheeren, to sheer off; Danish skierer, to cut, carve, saw, hew; skierts, a jest, jeer, banter; skiertser, to sport, mock, jeer; Swedish ski?ra, to reap, to mow, to cut off, to cleanse, to rinse; Sanscrit schaura or chaura, to shave; Welsh ysgar, a part, a share; ysgariaw, to separate. The Greek has, to shave, and, to shave, shear, cut off or lay waste. The primary sense is to separate or force off in general; but a prominent signification is to separate by rubbing, as in scouring, or as in shaving, cutting close to the surface. Hence the sense of jeering, as we say, to give one the rub. See Scour and Class Greek No. 5. and 8.]

1. To cut or clip something from the surface with an instrument of two blades; to separate any thing from the surface by shears, scissors or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth. It is appropriately used for the cutting of wool from sheep or their skins, and for clipping the nap from cloth, but may be applied to other things; as, a horse shears the ground in feeding much closer than an ox.

2. To separate by shears; as, to shear a fleece.

3. To reap. [Not in use.] Scotish.

Gower.

Shear

SHEAR, verb intransitive To deviate. [See Sheer.]

Shearbill

SHE'ARBILL, noun [shear and bill.] A fowl, the black skimmer or cut-water. (Rhyncops nigra.)

Encyc.

Sheard

SHEARD, noun A shard. [See Shard.]

Sheared

SHE'ARED, participle passive Clipped; deprived of wool, hair or nap.

Shearer

SHE'ARER, noun One that shears; as a shearer of sheep.

Milton.

Shearman

SHEARMAN, n. sher'man. One whose occupation is to shear cloth.

Shears

SHEARS, n. plu. [from the verb.] An instrument consisting of two blades with a bevel edge, movable on a pin, used for cutting cloth and other substances by interception between the two blades. Shears differ from scissors chiefly in being larger.

Fate urg'd the shears and cut the sylph in twain.

Pope.

2. Something in the form of the blades of shears.

3. Wings. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

4. An engine for raising heavy weights. [See Sheers.]

5. The denomination of the age of sheep from the cutting of the teeth; as sheep of one shear, two shear, &c. [Local.]

Mortimer.

Shear-Water

SHE'AR-WATER, noun A fowl. [Larus niger.]

Ainsworth.

A species of petrel, (Procellaria puffinus, Linn.) found on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland.

Encyc.

The cut-water, (Rhyncops nigra.)

Bartram.

Sheat

SHEAT. [See Sheet.]

Sheat-Fish

SHE'AT-FISH, noun [German scheide, Cuvier.] A fish, a species of Silurus, having a long slimy body destitute of scales, and the back dusky, like that of the eel.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sheath

SHEATH, noun [Saxon sceath, scoethe; German scheide; Dutch scheede; from separating, German scheiden, Dutch scheien, Saxon sceadan. See Shade.]

1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and slender instrument; a scabbard. A sheath is that which separates, and hence a defense.

2. In botany, a membrane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses.

Martyn.

3. Any thin covering for defense; the wingcase of an insect.

Sheath

SHEATH, or SHEATHE, verb transitive To put into a case or scabbard; as, to sheathe a sword or dagger.

2. To inclose or cover with a sheath or case.

The leopardÃ‚--keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes.

Grew.

'Tis in my breast she sheathes her dagger now.

Dryden.

3. To cover or line; as, to sheathe the bowels with demulcent or mucilaginous substances.

4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious or sharp particles.

Arbuthnot.

5. To fit with a sheath.

Shak.

6. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper; as, to sheathe a ship to preserve it from the worms.

To sheathe the sword, a figurative phrase, to put an end to war or enmity; to make peace. It corresponds to the Indian phrase, to bury the hatchet.

Sheathed

SHE'ATHED, participle passive Put in a sheath; inclosed or covered with a case; covered; lined; invested with a membrane.

2. a. In botany, vaginate; invested by a sheath or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses.

Martyn.

Sheathing

SHE'ATHING, participle of the present tense Putting in a sheath; inclosing in a case; covering; lining; investing with a membrane.

Sheathing

SHE'ATHING, noun The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; or the materials for such covering.

Sheathless

SHE'ATHLESS, adjective Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.

Percy's Masque.

Sheath-Winged

SHE'ATH-WINGED, adjective [sheath and wing.] Having cases for covering the wings; as a sheath-winged insect.

Brown.

Sheathy

SHE'ATHY, adjective Forming a sheath or case.

Brown.

Sheave

SHEAVE, noun [In Dutch schyf is a slice, a truckle, a quoit, a fillet, a draughtsman, a pane. In German scheibe is a mark, a pane, a wheel, the knee-pan, a slice.]

In seamen's language, a wheel on which the rope works in a block. It is made of hard wood or of metal. When made of wood, it is sometimes bushed, that is, has a piece of perforated brass let into its center, the better to sustain the friction of the pin.

Mar. Dict.

Sheave

SHEAVE, verb transitive To bring together; to collect. [Not in use.]

Ashmole.

Sheaved

SHE'AVED, adjective Made of straw. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sheave-Hole

SHE'AVE-HOLE, noun A channel cut in a mast, yard or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.

Mar. Dict.

Shecklaton

SHECK'LATON, noun [French ciclaton. Chalmers.]

A kind of gilt lether. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Shed

SHED, verb transitive pret. and pp. shed, [Saxon scedan, to pour out. If s is a prefix, this word coincides in elements with Dutch gieten, to pour, to cast, German giessen, gush. It coincides also in elements with shoot. See the Noun.]

1. To pour out; to effuse; to spill; to suffer to flow out; as, to shed tears; to shed blood. The sun sheds light on the earth; the stars shed a more feeble light.

This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. Matthew 26.

2. To let fall; to cast; as, the trees shed their leaves in autumn; fowls shed their fethers; and serpents shed their skin.

3. To scatter; to emit; to throw off; to diffuse; as, flowers shed their sweets or fragrance.

Shed

SHED, verb intransitive To let fall its parts.

White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.

Mortimer.

Shed

SHED, noun [Saxon sced, a shade; Swedish skydd, a defense; skydda, to protect, to defend or shelter; Danish skytter, id.; skytter, a shooter; skyts, a defense; skyt, a gun; skyder, to shoot; German schÃƒ-¼tzen, to defend; schÃƒ-¼tze, a shooter; Dutch schutten, to defend, to parry or stop; schutter, a shooter. It appears that shed, the noun and verb, and shoot, are from one source, and shade, scud, scath, and several other words, when traced, all terminate in the same radical sense, to thrust, rush or drive.]

1. A slight building; a covering of timber and boards, &c. for shelter against rain and the inclemencies of weather; a poor house or hovel; as a horse-shed.

The first Aletes born in lowly shed.

Fairfax.

Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel.

Sandys.

2. In composition, effusion; as in blood-shed. [See the Verb.]

Shed

SHED, verb transitive To keep off; to prevent from entering; as a hut, umbrella or garment that sheds rain.

Shedder

SHED'DER, noun One that sheds or causes to flow cut; as a shedder of blood.

Shedding

SHED'DING, participle of the present tense Effusing; causing to flow out; letting fall; casting; throwing off; sending out; diffusing; keeping off.

Sheen

SHEEN, or SHEE'NY, adjective [Saxon scene, scen, bright. This is the old orthography of shine, which see.] Bright; glittering; showy.

Up rose each warrior bold and brave,

Glist'ring in filed steel and armor sheen.

Fairfax.

[This word is used only in poetry.]

Sheen

SHEEN, noun Brightness; splendor.

Milton.

Sheep

SHEEP, n. sing. and plu. [Saxon sceap, scep; German schaf; Dutch schaap; Bohemian, skope, a wether.]

1. An animal of the genus Ovis, which is among the most useful species that the Creator has bestowed on man, as its wool constitutes a principal material of warm clothing, and its flesh is a great article of food. The sheep is remarkable for its harmless temper and its timidity. The varieties are numerous.

2. In contempt, a silly fellow.

Ainsworth.

3. Figuratively, God's people are called sheep, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd. John 10.

Sheep-Bite

SHEE'P-BITE, verb transitive [sheep and bite.] To practice petty thefts. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sheep-Biter

SHEE'P-BITER, noun One who practices petty thefts. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sheepcot

SHEE'PCOT, noun [sheep and cot.] A small inclosure for sheep; a pen.

Milton.

Sheepfold

SHEE'PFOLD, noun [sheep and fold.] A place where sheep are collected or confined.

Prior.

Sheephook

SHEE'PHOOK, noun [sheep and hook.] A hook fastened to a pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the legs of their sheep.

Bacon. Dryden.

Sheepish

SHEE'PISH, adjective Like a sheep; bashful; timorous to excess; over-modest; meanly diffident.

Locke.

2. Pertaining to sheep.

Sheepishly

SHEE'PISHLY, adverb Bashfully; with mean timidity or diffidence.

Sheepishness

SHEE'PISHNESS, noun Bashfulness; excessive modesty or diffidence; mean timorousness.

Herbert.

Sheep-Market

SHEE'P-M`ARKET, noun A place where sheep are sold.

Sheep-Master

SHEE'P-M`ASTER, noun [sheep and master.] A feeder of sheep; one that has the care of sheep.

Sheeps-Eye

SHEE'P'S-EYE, noun [sheep and eye.] A modest diffident look, such as lovers cast at their mistresses.

Dryden.

Sheep-Shank

SHEE'P-SHANK, noun [sheep and shank.] Among seamen, a knot in a rope made to shorten it, as on a runner or tie.

Mar. Dict.

Sheeps-Head

SHEE'P'S-HEAD, noun [sheep and head.] A fish caught on the shores of Connecticut and of Long Island, so called from the resemblance of its head to that of a sheep. It is esteemed delicious food.

Sheep-Shearer

SHEE'P-SHEARER, noun [sheep and shear.] One that shears or cuts off the wool from sheep. Genesis 38.

Sheep-Shearing

SHEE'P-SHEARING, noun The act of shearing sheep.

2. The time of shearing sheep; also, a feast made on that occasion.

South.

Sheep-Skin

SHEE'P-SKIN, noun The skin of a sheep; or lether prepared from it.

Sheep-Stealer

SHEE'P-STEALER, noun [sheep and steal.] One that steals sheep.

Sheep-Stealing

SHEE'P-STEALING, noun The act of stealing sheep.

Sheep-Walk

SHEE'P-WALK, noun [sheep and walk.] Pasture for sheep; a place where sheep feed.

Milton.

Sheer

SHEER, adjective [Saxon scir, scyr; German schier; Danish skier; Sanscrit charu, tscharu; from the root of shear, to separate; whence sheer is clear, pure. It might be deduced from the Shemitic to be clear; Ethiopic to be clean or pure. But the Danish and Saxon orthography coincides with that of shear.]

1. Pure; clear; separate from any thing foreign; unmingled; as sheer ale. But this application is unusual.

Shak.

We say, sheer argument, sheer wit, sheer falsehood, &c.

2. Clear; thin; as sheer muslin.

Sheer

SHEER, adverb Clean; quite; at once. Obs.

Milton.

Sheer

SHEER, verb transitive To shear. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Sheer

SHEER, verb intransitive [See Shear, the sense of which is to separate.]

1. In seamen's language, to decline or deviate from the line of the proper course, as a ship when not steered with steadiness.

Mar. Dict.

2. To slip or move aside.

To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance.

To sheer up, to turn and approach to a place or ship.

Sheer

SHEER, noun The longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's deck or sides.

2. The position in which a ship is sometimes kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of it.

To break sheer, to deviate from that position and risk fouling the anchor.

Mar. Dict.

Sheer-Hulk

SHEER-HULK, noun An old ship of war, fitted with sheers or apparatus to fix or take out the masts of other ships.

Mar. Dict.

Sheerly

SHEE'RLY, adverb At once; quite; absolutely. Obs.

Beaum.

Sheers

SHEERS, n. plu. An engine consisting of two or more pieces of timber or poles, fastened together near the top; used for raising heavy weights, particularly for hoisting the lower masts of ships.

Mar. Dict.

Sheet

SHEET, noun [Saxon sceat, sceta, scyta; Latin scheda; Greek. The Saxon sceat signifies a garment, a cloth, towel or napkin; sceta is rendered a sheet, and the Greek and Latin words signify a table or plate for writing on; from the root of Saxon sceadan, to separate, Latin scindo, Greek.]

1. A broad piece of cloth used as a part of bed-furniture.

2. A broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer. Sheets of paper are of different sizes, as royal, demi, foolscap, pot and post-paper.

3. A piece of paper printed, folded and bound, or formed into a book in blank, and making four, eight, sixteen or twenty four pages, &c.

4. Any thing expanded; as a sheet of water or of fire; a sheet of copper, lead or iron.

5. Sheets, plu. a book or pamphlet. The following sheets contain a full answer to my opponent.

6. A sail.

Sheet

SHEET, noun [French ecoute; Spanish Portugese escota; Italian scotte. This word seems to be connected with scot or shot; Spanish escotar, to cut out clothes, to pay one's scot or share of taxes, and in nautical language, to free a ship of water by pumping. The word is probably from that root, or from shoot.]

In nautical language, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation. When a ship sails with a side-wind, the lower corners of the main and fore-sails are fastened with a tack and a sheet.

Mar. Dict.

Sheet

SHEET, verb transitive To furnish with sheets. [Little used.]

2. To fold in a sheet. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To cover as with a sheet; to cover with something broad and thin.

When snow the pasture sheets.

Shak.

To sheet home, is to haul home a sheet, or extend the sail till the clew is close to the sheet-block.

Sheet-Anchor

SHEET-ANCHOR, noun The largest anchor of a ship, which in stress of weather is sometimes the seaman's last refuge to prevent the ship from going ashore. Hence,

2. The chief support; the last refuge for safety.

Sheet-Copper

SHEET-COPPER, noun Copper in broad thin plates.

Sheeting

SHEE'TING, noun Cloth for sheets.

Sheet-Iron

SHEET-IRON, noun Iron in sheets or broad thin plates.

Sheet-Lead

SHEET-LEAD, noun Lead in sheets.

Sheik

SHEIK, noun In Egypt, a person who has the care of a mosk; a kind of priest.

Encyc.

Shekel

SHEK'EL, noun [Hebrew to weigh; Chaldee Syriac Arabic Ethiopic id.; Ethiopic to append or suspend; Low Latin siclus; French sicle. From this root we have shilling. Payments were originally made by weight, as they still are in some countries. See Pound.]

An ancient weight and coin among the Jews and other nations of the same stock. Dr. Arbuthnot makes the weight to have been equal to 9 pennyweights, 2 4/7 grains, Troy weight, and the value 2s. 3 3/8d. sterling, or about half a dollar. Others make its value 2s. 6d. sterling. The golden shekel was worth Ãƒ--1. 16. 6. sterling, about $8, 12.

Encyc.

Sheldafle

SHELD'AFLE, or SHELD'APLE, noun A chaffinch.

Johnson. Todd.

This word is also written shell-apple.

Ed. Encyc.

Sheldrake

SHEL'DRAKE, noun An aquatic fowl of the duck kind, the Anas tadorna. It has a greenish black head, and its body is variegated with white.

Encyc.

Shelduck

SHEL'DUCK, noun A species of wild duck.

Mortimer.

Shelf

SHELF, noun plu. shelves. [Saxon scylf, whence scylfan, to shelve; French ecueil, a sand bank.]

1. A platform of boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and fixed or set on a frame or contiguous to a wall, for holding vessels, utensils, books and the like.

2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow and dangerous to ships.

3. In mining, fast ground; that part of the internal structure of the earth which lies in an even regular form.

Encyc.

Shelfy

SHELF'Y, adjective Full of shelves; abounding with sand banks or rocks lying near the surface of the water and rendering navigation dangerous; as a shelfy coast.

Dryden.

2. Hard; firm. [See Shelf, No. 3.] [Not in use.]

Carew.

Shell

SHELL, noun [Saxon scyl, scyll, scell, a shell, and sceale, a scale; Dutch schil, schaal; German

schale; Danish Swedish skal; French ecaille. The word primarily signifies that which is peeled or separated, as rind or the outer coat of plants, or their fruit; and as shells were used for dishes, the word came to signify a dish. See Scale.]

1. The hard or stony covering of certain fruits and of certain animals; as the shell of a nut; the shell of an oyster or lobster. The shells of animals are crustaceous or testaceous; crustaceous, as that of the lobster, and testaceous, as that of the oyster and clam.

2. The outer coat of an egg.

3. The outer part of a house unfinished. We say of a building that wants the interior timbers or finishing, that it is a mere shell.

4. An instrument of music, like testudo in Latin; the first lyre being made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell.

Dryden.

5. Outer or superficial part; as the shell of religion.

Ayliffe.

6. A bomb.

Fossil shells, shells dug from the earth.

Shell

SHELL, verb transitive To strip or break off the shell; or to take out of the shell; as, to shell nuts or almonds.

2. To separate from the ear; as, to shell maiz.

Shell

SHELL, verb intransitive To fall off, as a shell, crust or exterior coat.

2. To cast the shell or exterior covering. Nuts shell in falling.

3. To be disengaged from the husk; as, wheat or rye shells in reaping.

Shelled

SHELL'ED, participle passive Deprived of the shell; also, separated from the ear; as shelled corn or maiz.

Shell-Fish

SHELL'-FISH, noun An aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a shell, crustaceous or testaceous; as lobsters, crabs, oysters, clams, &c.

Shelling

SHELL'ING, participle of the present tense Taking off the shell; casting the external hard covering; separating from the husk and falling.

2. Separating from the ear, as maiz.

Shell-Meat

SHELL'-MEAT, noun Food consisting of shell fish.

Fuller.

Shell-Work

SHELL'-WORK, noun Work composed of shells, or adorned with them.

Cotgrave.

Shelly

SHELL'Y, adjective Abounding with shells; as the shelly shore.

Prior.

2. Consisting of shells. Lobsters disengage themselves from their shelly prisons.

Shelter

SHEL'TER, noun [Swedish skyla, to cover; Danish skiul, a shed or cover, a shelter; skiuler, to hide, conceal, cloke; Latin celo.]

1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance. A house is a shelter from rain and other inclemencies of the weather; the foliage of a tree is a shelter from the rays of the sun.

The healing plant shall aid,

From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade.

Pope.

2. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.

Who into shelter takes their tender bloom.

Young.

3. He that defends or guards from danger; a protector. Psalm 61.

Shelter

SHEL'TER, verb transitive To cover from violence, injury, annoyance or attack; as a valley

sheltered from the north wind by a mountain.

Those ruins shelter'd once his sacred head.

Dryden.

We besought the deep to shelter us.

Milton.

2. To defend; to protect from danger; to secure or render safe; to harbor.

What endless honor shall you gain,

To save and shelter Troy's unhappy train?

Dryden.

3. To betake to cover or a safe place.

They sheltered themselves under a rock.

Abbot.

4. To cover from notice; to disguise for protection.

In vain I strove to check my growing flame,

Or shelter passion under friendship's name.

Prior.

Shelter

SHEL'TER, verb intransitive To take shelter.

There the Indian herdsman shunning heat,

Shelters in cool.

Milton.

Sheltered

SHEL'TERED, participle passive Covered from injury or annoyance; defended; protected.

Sheltering

SHEL'TERING, participle of the present tense Covering from injury or annoyance; protecting.

Shelterless

SHEL'TERLESS, adjective Destitute of shelter or protection; without home or refuge.

Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies.

Rowe.

Sheltery

SHEL'TERY, adjective Affording shelter. [Little used.]

White.

Sheltie

SHEL'TIE, noun A small but strong horse in Scotland; so called from Shetland, where it is produced.

Encyc.

Shelve

SHELVE, v. t. shelv. To place on a shelf or on shelves. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Shelve

SHELVE, v. i. shelv. [Saxon scylfan, to reel.]

To incline; to be sloping.

Shelving

SHELV'ING, participle of the present tense or adjective Inclining; sloping; having declivity.

With rocks and shelving arches vaulted round.

Addison.

Shelvy

SHELV'Y, adjective Full of rocks or sand banks; shallow; as a shelvy shore. [See Shelfy.]

Shak.

Shemitic

SHEMIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah. The Shemitic languages are the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, Hebrew, Samaritan, Ethiopic and Old Phenician.

Shend

SHEND, verb transitive pret. and pp. shent. [Saxon scendan; Dutch schenden, to violate, spoil, slander, revile; German schÃƒ-¤nden, to mar, spoil, disfigure, violate, abuse, debauch. This is from the root of scandal.]

1. To injure, mar or spoil. Obs.

That much I fear my body will be shent.

Dryden.

2. To blame, reproach, revile, degrade, disgrace.

The famous name of knighthood foully shend. Obs.

Spenser.

3. To overpower or surpass. Obs.

She pass'd the rest as Cynthia doth shend

The lesser stars.

Spenser.

Shent

SHENT, participle passive Injured. Obsolete unless in poetry.

Shepherd

SHEP'HERD, noun [Saxon sceap-heard or hyrd; sheep and herd.]

1. A man employed in tending, feeding and guarding sheep in the pasture.

Milton.

2. A swain; a rural lover.

Raleigh.

3. The pastor of a parish, church or congregation; a minister of the gospel who superintends a church or parish, and gives instruction in spiritual things. God and Christ are in Scripture denominated Shepherds, as they lead, protect and govern their people, and provide for their welfare. Psalm 23, 80. John 10.

Shepherdess

SHEP'HERDESS, noun A woman that tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.

She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess.

Sidney.

Shepherdish

SHEP'HERDISH, adjective Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.

Sidney.

Shepherdly

SHEP'HERDLY, adjective Pastoral; rustic.

Taylor.

Shepherds Needle

SHEPHERD'S NEEDLE, noun A plant of the genus Scandix; Venus's comb.

Shepherds Pouch

SHEPHERD'S POUCH, or SHEPHERD'S PURSE, noun A plant of the genus Thlaspi.

Shepherds Rod

SHEPHERD'S ROD, noun A plant of the genus Dipsacus; teasel.

Shepherds Staff

SHEPHERD'S STAFF, noun A plant of the genus Dipsacus.

Sherbet

SHER'BET, noun [Pers.. This word, as well as sirup and shrub, and Latin sorbeo, is from the Arabic sharaba, to drink, to imbibe.]

A drink composed of water, lemon juice and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes dissolved in it, with an infusion of some drops of rose water. Another kind is made with violets, honey, juice of raisins, &c.

Encyc.

Sherd

SHERD, noun A fragment; usually written shard, which see.

Sherif

SHER'IF, noun [Saxon scir-gerefa; scyre, scire, a shire or division, and gerefa, a reeve, a count, prefect, bailif, provost or steward; German graf, Dutch graaf. Sherif is the true orthography.]

An officer in each county, to whom is entrusted the execution of the laws. In England, sherifs are appointed by the king. In the United States, sherifs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the state. The office of sherif in England is judicial and ministerial. In the United States it is mostly or wholly ministerial. The sherif, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts and keeps the peace.

Sherifalty

SHER'IFALTY, or SHER'IFDOM, or SHER'IFSHIP, or SHER'IFWICK, noun The office or jurisdiction of sherif. [I believe none of these words is now in use. See Shrievalty.]

Sherriffe

SHER'RIFFE, noun The title of a descendant of Mohammed by Hassan Ibn Ali.

Encyc.

Sherry

SHER'RY, noun [sometimes written sherris.]

A species of wine; so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made.

Shew, Shewed, Shewn. [See Show, Showed, Shown.]

Shew-Bread

SHEW-BREAD. [See Show-bread.]

Shewer

SHEW'ER, noun One that shows. [See Shower.]

Shewing

SHEWING, [See Showing.]

Shibboleth

SHIB'BOLETH, noun [Hebrew an ear of corn, or a stream of water.]

1. A word which was made the criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites from the Gileadites. The Ephraimites not being able to pronounce the letter sh, pronounced the word sibboleth. See Judges 12. Hence,

2. The criterion of a party; or that which distinguishes one party from another; and usually, some peculiarity in things of little importance.

South.

Shide

SHIDE, noun [Saxon sceadan, to divide.] A piece split off; a cleft; a piece; a billet of wood; a splinter.

[Not used in New England, and local in England.]

Shield

SHIELD, noun [Saxon scyld; Swedish sk?ld; Danish skiold; `skildt; Dutch German schild. This word is from covering, defending, Swedish skyla, to cover; or from separating, Saxon scylan, Danish skiller, to separate. Protection is deduced from either, and indeed both may be radically one. See Shelter. The Latin scutum coincides in elements with the Saxon sceadan, to separate, and clypeus with the Greek, to cover.]

1. A broad piece of defensive armor; a buckler; used in war for the protection of the body. The shields of the ancients were of different shapes and sizes, triangular, square, oval, &c. made of lether or wood covered with lether, and borne on the left arm. This species of armor was a good defense against arrows, darts, spears, &c. but would be no protection against bullets.

2. Defense; shelter; protection; or the person that defends or protects; as a chief, the ornament and shield of the nation.

Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Genesis 15.

3. In heraldry, the escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms.

Shield

SHIELD, verb transitive To cover, as with a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to protect; to secure from assault or injury.

To see the son the vanquish'd father shield.

Dryden.

Hear one that comes to shield his injur'd honor.

Smith.

2. To ward off; to defend against; as clothes to shield one from cold.

Shielded

SHIE'LDED, participle passive Covered, as with a shield; defended; protected.

Shielding

SHIE'LDING, participle of the present tense Covering, as with a shield; defending from attack or injury; protected.

Shift

SHIFT, verb intransitive [Saxon scyftan, to order or appoint, to divide or distribute, also to verge or decline, also to drive; Dutch schiften, to divide, distinguish, part, turn, discuss; Danish skifte, a parting, sharing, division, lot, share; skifter, to part, share, divide; Swedish skifta, to shift, to distribute. This verb is apparently from the same root as shiver; Danish skifer sig, to shiver; Swedish skifta om, to change. The primary sense is to move, to depart; hence to separate. We observe by the Swedish, that skifta om, [om, about or round,] was originally the true phrase, to move about or round; and we still say, to shift about.]

1. To move; to change place or position. Vegetables are not able to shift and seek nutriment.

Woodward.

2. To change its direction; to vary; as, the wind shifted from south to west.

3. To change; to give place to other things.

Locke.

4. To change clothes, particularly the under garment or chemise.

Young.

5. To resort to expedients for a livelihood, or for accomplishing a purpose; to move from one thing to another, and seize one expedient when another fails.

Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions to shift as well as they can.

L'Estrange.

6. To practice indirect methods.

Raleigh.

7. To seek methods of safety.

Nature teaches every creature how to shift for itself in cases of danger.

L'Estrange.

8. To change place; as, a cargo shifts from one side to the other.

Shift

SHIFT, verb transitive To change; to alter; as, to shift the scenes.

2. To transfer from one place or position to another; as, shift the helm; shift the sails.

3. To put out of the way by some expedient.

I shifted him away.

Shak.

4. To change, as clothes; as, to shift a coat.

5. To dress in fresh clothes. Let him have time to shift himself.

To shift about, to turn quite round, to a contrary side or opposite point.

To shift off, to delay; to defer; as, to shift off the duties of religion.

Rogers.

2. To put away; to disengage or disencumber one's self, as of a burden or inconvenience.

Shift

SHIFT, noun A change; a turning from one thing to another; hence, an expedient tried in difficulty; one thing tried when another fails.

I'll find a thousand shifts to get away.

Shak.

2. In a bad sense, mean refuge; last resource.

For little souls on little shifts rely.

Dryden.

3. Fraud; artifice; expedient to effect a bad purpose; or an evasion; a trick to escape detection or evil.

Hooker. South.

4. A woman's under garment; a chemise.

Shifted

SHIFT'ED, participle passive Changed from one place or position to another.

Shifter

SHIFT'ER, noun One that shifts; the person that plays tricks or practices artifice.

2. In ships, a person employed to assist the ship's cook in washing, steeping and shifting the salt provisions.

Shifting

SHIFT'ING, participle of the present tense Changing place or position; resorting from one expedient to another.

Shiftingly

SHIFT'INGLY, adverb By shifts and changes; deceitfully.

Shiftless

SHIFT'LESS, adjective Destitute of expedients, or not resorting to successful expedients; wanting means to act or live; as a shiftless fellow.

Shilf

SHILF, noun [German schilf, sedge.] Straw.

Tooke.

Shill

SHILL, to shell, not in use.

Shill

SHILL, verb transitive To put under cover; to sheal. [Not in use or local.]

Shilling

SHIL'LING, noun [Saxon scill, scilling; German schilling; Dutch schelling; Swedish Danish skilling; French escalin; Italian scellino; Spanish chelin; Portugese xelim; from the oriental shakal, to weigh. See Shekel.]

An English silver coin equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound. The English shilling, or shilling sterling, is equivalent nearly to 22 cents, 22 hundredths, money of the United States. Our ancestors introduced the name with the coin into this country, but by depreciation the value of the shilling sunk in New England and Virginia one fourth, or to a fraction less than 17 cents, in New York to 12 1/2 cents, in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland to about 11 cents.

This denomination of money still subsists in the United States, although there is no coin of that value current, except the Spanish coin of 12 1/2 cents, which is a shilling in the money of the state of New York. Since the adoption of the present coins of the United States, eagles, dollars, cents, &c. the use of shilling is continued only by habit.

Shilly-Shally

SHILLY-SHALLY, noun [Russian shalyu, to be foolish, to play the fool, to play wanton tricks.] Foolish trifling; irresolution. [Vulgar.]

[This word has probably been written shill-I-shall-I, from an ignorance of its origin.]

Shily

SHI'LY. [See Shyly.]

Shimmer

SHIM'MER, verb intransitive [Saxon scymrian; German schimmern; Dutch schemeren; Danish skimter.] To gleam; to glisten. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Shin

SHIN, noun [Saxon scina, scyne, shin, and scinban, shin-bone; German schiene, schiene-bien; Dutch scheen, scheen-been; Swedish sken-ben.]

The fore part of the leg, particularly of the human leg; the fore part of the crural bone, called tibia. This bone being covered only with skin, may be named from that circumstance; skin-bone; or it may be formed from the root of chine, edge.

Shine

SHINE, verb intransitive pret. shined or shone; pp. shined or shone. [Saxon scinan; Dutch schuynen; German scheinen; Swedish skina. If s is a prefix, this word accords with the root of of Latin canus, caneo; Welsh cÃƒ- n, white, bright. See Cant.]

1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit brightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Shining differs from sparkling, glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always observed, and we may say, the fixed stars shine, as well as that they sparkle. But we never say, the sun or the moon sparkles.

2. To be bright; to be lively and animated; to be brilliant.

Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster.

Denham.

3. To be unclouded; as, the moon shines.

Bacon.

4. To be glossy or bright, as silk.

Fish with their fins and shining scales.

Milton.

5. To be gay or splendid.

So proud she shined in her princely state.

Spenser.

6. To be beautiful.

Once brightest shin'd this child of heat and air.

Pope.

7. To be eminent, conspicuous or distinguished; as, to shine in courts. Philippians 2.

Few are qualified to shine in company.

Swift.

8. To give light, real or figurative.

The light of righteousness hath not shined to us.

Wisdom.

9. To manifest glorious excellencies. Psalm 80.

10. To be clearly published. Isaiah 9.

11. To be conspicuously displayed; to be manifest.

Let your light so shine before menÃ‚-- Matthew 5.

To cause the face to shine, to be propitious. Numbers 6. Psalm 67.

Shine

SHINE, noun Fair weather.

Be it fair or foul, rain or shine.

Dryden.

2. Brightness; splendor; luster; gloss.

The glittering shine of gold.

Decay of Piety.

Fair op'ning to some court's propitious shine. [Not elegant.]

Pope.

Shiness

SHI'NESS. [See Shyness.]

Shingle

SHIN'GLE, noun [German schindel; Greek; Latin scindula, from scindo, to divide, German scheiden.]

1. A thin board sawed or rived for covering buildings. Shingles are of different lengths, with one end made much thinner than the other for lapping. They are used for covering roofs and sometimes the body of the building.

2. Round gravel, or a collection of roundish stones.

The plain of La Crau in France, is composed of shingle.

Pinkerton.

3. Shingles, plu. [Latin cingulum,] a kind of tetter or herpes which spreads around the body like a girdle; an eruptive disease.

Arbuthnot.

Shingle

SHIN'GLE, verb transitive To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof.

Shingled

SHIN'GLED, participle passive Covered with shingles.

Shingling

SHIN'GLING, participle of the present tense Covering with shingles.

Shining

SHI'NING, participle of the present tense Emitting light; beaming; gleaming.

2. adjective Bright; splendid; radiant.

3. Illustrious; distinguished; conspicuous; as a shining example of charity.

Shining

SHI'NING, noun Effusion or clearness of light; brightness. 2 Samuel 23.

Shiny

SHI'NY, adjective Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.

Like distant thunder on a shiny day.

Dryden.

Ship

SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office; as in lordship.

Steward.

Ship

SHIP. [See Shape.]

Ship

SHIP, noun [Saxon scip, scyp; Dutch schip; German schiff; Swedish skepp; Danish skib; Latin scapha; from the root of shape; Saxon sceapian, scippan, scyppan, to create, form or build.]

In a general sense, a vessel or building of a peculiar structure, adapted to navigation, or floating on water by means of sails. In an appropriate sense, a building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, furnished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed of a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and square rigged. Ships are of various sizes and fitted for various uses; most of them however fall under the denomination of ships of war and merchants' ships.

Ship

SHIP, verb transitive [Saxon scipian.] To put on board of a ship or vessel of any kind; as, to ship goods at Liverpool for New York.

2. To transport in a ship; to convey by water.

The sun no sooner shall the mountains touch,

But we will ship him hence.

Shak.

3. To receive into a ship or vessel; as, to ship a sea.

Mar. Dict.

To ship the oars, to place them in the rowlocks.

Mar. Dict.

To ship off, to send away by water; as, to ship off convicts.

Ship-Builder

SHIP'-BUILDER, or SHIP'-BILDER, noun [ship and builder.] A man whose occupation is to construct ships and other vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.

Ship-Building

SHIP'-BUILDING, or SHIP'-BILDING, noun [ship and build.] Naval architecture; the art of constructing vessels for navigation, particularly ships and other vessels of a large kind, bearing masts; in distinction from boat-building.

Shipboard

SHIP'BOARD, adverb [ship and board.] To go on shipboard or a shipboard is to go aboard; to enter a ship; to embark; literally, to go over the side. It is a peculiar phrase, and not much used. Seamen say, to go aboard or on board.

To be on ship board, to be in a ship; but seamen generally say, aboard or on board.

2. noun The plank of a ship. Ezekiel 27. [Not now used.]

Ship-Boy

SHIP'-BOY, noun [ship and boy.] A boy that serves on board of a ship.

Ship-Carpenter

SHIP-C`ARPENTER, noun A shipwright; a carpenter that works at ship-building.

Ship-Chandler

SHIP-CH`ANDLER, noun [ship and chandler, German handler, a trader or dealer.]

One who deals in cordage, canvas and other furniture of ships.

Ship-Holder

SHIP'-HOLDER, noun [ship and hold.] The owner of a ship or of shipping.

Shipless

SHIP'LESS, adjective Destitute of ships.

Gray.

Shipman

SHIP'MAN, noun [ship and man.] A seaman or sailor. Obs. 1 Kings 9. Acts 28.

Shipmaster

SHIP'M`ASTER, noun [ship and master.] The captain, master or commander of a ship. Jonah 1.

Shipment

SHIP'MENT, noun The act of putting any thing on board of a ship or other vessel; embarkation; as, he was engaged in the shipment of coal for London.

2. The goods or things shipped, or put on board of a ship or other vessel. We say, the merchants have made large shipments to the United States.

The question is whether the share of M in the shipment, is exempted from condemnation by reason of his neutral domicil.

J. Story.

Ship-Money

SHIP'-MONEY, noun [ship and money.] In English history, an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs and counties of England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. This imposition being laid by the king's writ under the great seal, without the consent of parliament, was held to be contrary to the laws and statutes of the realm, and abolished by Stat. 17 Car. 11.

Encyc.

Shipped

SHIP'PED, participle passive Put on board of a ship or vessel; received on board.

Shippen

SHIP'PEN, noun [Saxon scipen.] A stable; a cow house. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Shipping

SHIP'PING, participle of the present tense Putting on board of a ship or vessel; receiving on board.

2. adjective Relating to ships; as shipping concerns.

Kent.

Shipping

SHIP'PING, noun Ships in general; ships or vessels of any kind for navigation. The shipping of the English nation exceeds that of any other. The tunnage of the shipping belonging to the United States is second only to that of Great Britain.

To take shipping, to embark; to enter on board a ship or vessel for conveyance or passage. John 6.

Ship-Shape

SHIP'-SHAPE, adverb In a seamanlike manner.

Mar. Dict.

Shipwreck

SHIP'WRECK, noun [ship and wreck.] The destruction of a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or broken to pieces by beating against rocks and the like.

Mar. Dict.

2. The parts of a shattered ship. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

3. Destruction.

To make shipwreck concerning faith, is to apostatize from the love, profession and practice of divine truth which had been embraced. 1 Timothy 1.

Shipwreck

SHIP'WRECK, verb transitive To destroy by running ashore or on rocks or sand banks. How many vessels are annually shipwrecked on the Bahama rocks!

2. To suffer the perils of being cast away; to be cast ashore with the loss of the ship. The shipwrecked mariners were saved.

Addison. Shak.

Shipwrecked

SHIP'WRECKED, participle passive Cast ashore; dashed upon the rocks or banks; destroyed.

Shipwright

SHIP'WRIGHT, noun [ship and wright. See Work.]

One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.

Swift.

Shire

SHIRE, noun [Saxon scir, scire, scyre, a division, from sciran, to divide. See Share and Shear. It is pronounced in compound words, shir, as in Hampshire, Berkshire.]

In England, a division of territory, otherwise called a county. The shire was originally a division of the kingdom under the jurisdiction of an earl or count, whose authority was entrusted to the sherif, [shirereeve.] On this officer the government ultimately devolved. In the United States, the corresponding division of a state is called a county, but we retain shire in the compound half-shire; as when the county court is held in two towns in the same county alternately, we call one of the divisions a half-shire.

In some states, shire is used as the constituent part of the name of a county, as Berkshire, Hampshire, in Massachusetts. These being the names established by law, we say, the county of Berkshire, and we cannot with propriety say, the county of Berks, for there is no county in Massachusetts thus named.

Shire-Mote

SHI'RE-MOTE, noun [Saxon scyr-gemote, shiremeeting.]

Anciently in England, the county court; sherif's turn or court.

Cowel. Blackstone.

Shirk

SHIRK, a different spelling of shark, which see.

Shirl

SHIRL, a different spelling of shorl. [See Shorl.]

Shirley

SHIR'LEY, noun A bird, by some called the greater bullfinch; having the upper part of the body of a dark brown, and the throat and breast red.

Dict.

Shirt

SHIRT, n. shurt. [Danish skiorte, Swedish skiorta, a shirt; Danish skiort, a petticoat; Icelandic scyrta. This word seems to be named from its shortness or cutting off, and might have signified originally a somewhat different garment shortened; Saxon scyrt, short, Latin curtus.]

A loose garment of linen, cotton or other material, worn by men and boys next the body.

It is folly for a nation to export beef and linen, while a great part of the people are obliged to subsist on potatoes, and have no shirts to wear.

A. M.

Shirt

SHIRT, v. t. shurt. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt.

Dryden.

2. To change the shirt and put on a clean one.

Shirtless

SHIRTLESS, a. shurt'less. Wanting a shirt.

Pope.

Shist

SHIST, or SHIST'US, noun A species of argillaceous earth or slate; clay slate.

Shistic

SHIST'IC, or SHIST'OUS, adjective Pertaining to shist, or partaking of its properties.

Shittah

SHIT'TAH, or SHIT'TIM, noun In Scripture, a sort of precious wood of which the tables, altars and boards of the tabernacle were made among the Jews. The wood is said to be hard, tough and smooth, and very beautiful.

Calmet.

Shittle

SHIT'TLE, adjective [See Shoot.] Wavering; unsettled. [Not used or local.]

Shittle-Cock

SHITTLE-COCK. [See Shuttle-cock.]

Shittleness

SHIT'TLENESS, noun Unsettledness; inconstancy. [Not in use or local.]

Shive

SHIVE, n. shiv. [Dutch schyf; German scheibe. If s is a prefix, this word agrees radically with chip.]

1. A slice; a thin cut; as a shive of bread. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. A thin flexible piece cut off. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

3. A little piece or fragment; as the shives of flax made by breaking.

Shiver

SHIV'ER, noun [German schiefer, a splinter, slate; schiefern, to shiver, to scale; Danish skive, Swedish skifva, a slice; Danish skifer, skiver, a slate; skifer sig, to shiver, peel or split, Swedish skifva sig.]

1. In mineralogy, a species of blue slate; shist; shale.

2. In seamen's language, a little wheel; a sheave.

Shiver

SHIV'ER, verb transitive [supra. Qu. Hebrew to break in pieces. Class Br. No. 26.]

To break into many small pieces or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow.

The ground with shiver'd armor strown.

Milton.

Shiver

SHIV'ER, verb intransitive To fall at once into many small pieces or parts.

The natural world, should gravity once cease, would instantly shiver into millions of atoms.

Woodward.

2. To quake; to tremble; to shudder; to shake, as with cold, ague, fear or horror.

The man that shiver'd on the brink of sin.

Dryden.

Prometheus is laid

On icy Caucasus to shiver.

Swift.

3. To be affected with a thrilling sensation, like that of chilliness.

Any very harsh noise will set the teeth on edge, and make all the body shiver.

Bacon.

Shiver

SHIV'ER, noun A small piece or fragment into which a thing breaks by any sudden violence.

He would pound thee into shivers with his fist, as a sailor breaks a biscuit.

Shak.

2. A slice; a sliver.

Chaucer.

Shivered

SHIV'ERED, participle passive Broken or dashed into small pieces.

Shivering

SHIV'ERING, participle of the present tense Breaking or dashing into small pieces.

2. Quaking; trembling; shaking, as with cold or fear.

Shivering

SHIV'ERING, noun The act of breaking or dashing to pieces; division; severance.

2. A trembling; a shaking with cold or fear.

Shiver-Spar

SHIV'ER-SP`AR, noun [German schiefer-spath.] A carbonate of lime, so called from its slaty structure; called also slate-spar.

Phillips.

Shivery

SHIV'ERY, adjective Easily falling into many pieces; not firmly cohering; incompact; as shivery stone.

Shoad

SHOAD, noun Among miners, a train of metallic stones which serves to direct them in the discovery of mines.

Encyc.

Shoad-Stone

SHOAD-STONE, noun A small stone, smooth, of a dark liver color with a shade of purple. Shoad-stones are loose masses found at the entrance of mines, sometimes running in a straight line from the surface to a vein of ore. They appear to be broken from the strata or larger masses; they usually contain mundic, or marcasitic matter, and a portion of the ore of the mine.

Encyc.

Shoal

SHOAL, noun [Saxon sceol, a crowd. It should rather be written shole.]

1. A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; as shoals of people. Immense shoals of herring appear on the coast in the spring.

The vices of a prince draw shoals of followers.

Decay of Piety.

2. A place where the water of a river, lake or sea is shallow or of little depth; a sand bank or bar; a shallow. The entrance of rivers is often rendered difficult or dangerous by shoals.

Shoal

SHOAL, verb intransitive To crowd; to throng; to assemble in a multitude. The fishes shoaled about the place.

Chapman.

2. To become more shallow. The water shoals as we approach the town.

Shoal

SHOAL, adjective Shallow; of little depth; as shoal water.

Shoaliness

SHOALINESS, noun [from shoaly.] Shallowness; little depth of water.

2. The state of abounding with shoals.

Shoaly

SHOALY, adjective Full of shoals or shallow places.

The tossing vessel sail'd on shoaly ground.

Dryden.

Shock

SHOCK, noun [Dutch schok, a bounce, jolt or leap; French choc, a striking or dashing against. See Shake.]

1. A violent collision of bodies, or the concussion which it occasions; a violent striking or dashing against.

The strong unshaken mounds resist the shocks

Of tides and seas.

Blackmore.

2. Violent onset; conflict of contending armies or foes.

He stood the shock of a whole host of foes.

Addison.

3. External violence; as the shocks of fortune.

Addison.

4. Offense; impression of disgust.

Fewer shocks a statesman gives his friend.

Young.

5. In electricity, the effect on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a charged body.

6. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rye, &c.

And cause it on shocks to be by and by set.

Tusser.

Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.

Thomson.

7. In New England, the number of sixteen sheaves of wheat, rye, &c. [This is the sense in which this word is generally used with us.]

8. A dog with long rough hair or shag. [from shag.]

Shock

SHOCK, verb transitive [Dutch schokken; French choquer.]

1. To shake by the sudden collision of a body.

2. To meet force with force; to encounter.

Shak.

3. To strike, as with horror or disgust; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or horrible; to offend extremely; to disgust. I was shocked at the sight of so much misery. Avoid every thing that can shock the feelings of delicacy.

Advise him not to shock a father's will.

Dryden.

Shock

SHOCK, verb intransitive To collect sheaves into a pile; to pile sheaves.

Tusser.

Shocked

SHOCK'ED, participle passive Struck, as with horror; offended; disgusted.

2. Piled, as sheaves.

Shocking

SHOCK'ING, participle of the present tense Shaking with sudden violence.

2. Meeting in onset or violent encounter.

And now with shouts the shocking armies clos'd.

Pope.

3. adjective Striking, as with horror; causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.

The French humorÃ‚--is very shocking to the Italians.

Addison.

Shockingly

SHOCK'INGLY, adverb In a manner to strike with horror or disgust.

Chesterfield.

Shod

SHOD, for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe.

Shoe

SHOE, noun plu. shÃƒ-¶es. [Saxon sceo, sceog; German schuh; Dutch schoen; Swedish sko; Danish skoe, a shoe; skoer, to bind with iron, to shoe. It is uncertain to what this word was originally applied, whether to a band of iron, or to something worn on the human foot. It is a contracted word. In German handschuh, hand-shoe, is a glove. The sense is probably a cover, or that which is put on.]

1. A covering for the foot, usually of lether, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a thinner kind for the vamp and quarters. Shoes for ladies often have some species of cloth for the vamp and quarters.

2. A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse to defend it from injury; also, a plate of iron for an ox's hoof, one for each division of the hoof. Oxen are shod in New England, sometimes to defend the hoof from injury in stony places, more generally to enable them to walk on ice, in in which case the shoes are armed with sharp points. This is called calking.

3. The plate of iron which is nailed to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle that slides on the snow in winter.

4. A piece of timber fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, to prevent them from wearing.

5. Something in form of a shoe.

6. A cover for defense.

Shoe of an anchor, a small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke; used to prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of the ship's bow, when raised or lowered.

Mar. Dict.

Shoe

SHOE, verb transitive pret. and pp. shod. To furnish with shoes; to put shoes on; as, to shoe a horse or an ox; to shoe a sled or sleigh.

2. To cover at the bottom.

Drayton.

To shoe an anchor, to cover the flukes with a broad triangular piece of plank whose area is larger than that of the fluke. This is intended to give the anchor a stronger hold in soft grounds.

Mar. Dict.

Shoeblack

SHOEBLACK, noun [shoe and black.] A person that cleans shoes.

Shoeboy

SHOEBOY, noun [shoe and boy.] A boy that cleans shoes.

Shoebuckle

SHOEBUCKLE, noun [shoe and buckle.] A buckle for fastening a shoe to the foot.

Shoeing

SHOEING, participle of the present tense Putting on shoes.

Shoeing-Horn

SHOEING-HORN, noun [shoe and horn.] A horn used to facilitate the entrance of the foot into a narrow shoe.

2. Any thing by which a transaction is facilitated; any thing used as a medium; in contempt.

Spectator.

[I have never heard this word in America.]

Shoe-Leather

SHOE-LEATHER, or SHOE-LETHER, noun [shoe and lether.] Lether for shoes.

Shoeless

SHOELESS, adjective Destitute of shoes.

Caltrops very much incommoded the shoeless Moors.

Dr. Addison.

Shoemaker

SHOEMAKER, noun [shoe and maker.] One whose occupation or trade is to make shoes and boots.

Shoer

SHOER, noun One that fits shoes to the feet; one that furnishes or puts on shoes; as a farrier.

Shoestring

SHOESTRING, noun [shoe and string.] A string used to fasten a shoe to the foot.

Shoetye

SHOETYE, noun [shoe and tye.] A ribin used for fastening a shoe to the foot.

Hudibras.

Shog

SHOG, for shock, a violent concussion. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Shog

SHOG, verb transitive To shake; to agitate. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Shog

SHOG, verb intransitive To move off; to be gone; to jog. [Not in use. See Jog.]

Hall.

Shogging

SHOG'GING, noun Concussion. [Not in use.]

Harmar.

Shoggle

SHOG'GLE, verb transitive To shake; to joggle. [Not in use. See Joggle.]

Pegge.

Shole

SHOLE, noun [Saxon sceol, a crowd.] A throng; a crowd; a great multitude assembled. [This is the better orthography. See Shoal.]

Shone

SHONE, participle passive of shine.

Shook

SHOOK, participle passive of shake.

Shoon

SHOON, old plu. of shoe. Obs.

Shoot

SHOOT, verb transitive pret. and pp. shot. The old participle shotten, is obsolete. [Saxon sceotan, scytan, to shoot, to dart, to rush, to lay out or bestow, to transfer, to point with the finger, whence to lead or direct; German schossen, to shoot, and to pay scot, also schiessen, to shoot, to dart; Dutch schieten; Swedish skiuta; Danish skyder; Irish sceithim, to vomit; sciot, an arrow or dart; Italian scattare, to shoot an arrow; Latin scateo, to shoot out water; Welsh ysguthaw, ysgudaw, to scud; ysgwdu, to thrust; ysgythu, to spout. It is formed with a prefix on Gd.]

1. To let fly and drive with force; as, to shoot an arrow.

2. To discharge and cause to be driven with violence; as, to shoot a ball.

3. To send off with force; to dart.

And from about her shot darts of desire.

Milton.

4. To let off; used of the instrument.

The two ends of a bow shot off, fly from one another.

Boyle.

5. To strike with any thing shot; as, to shoot one with an arrow or a bullet.

6. To send out; to push forth; as, a plant shoots a branch.

7. To push out; to emit; to dart; to thrust forth.

Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting.

Dryden.

8. To push forward; to drive; to propel; as, to shoot a bolt.

9. To push out; to thrust forward.

They shoot out the lip. Psalm 22.

The phrase, to shoot out the lip, signifies to treat with derision or contempt.

10. To pass through with swiftness; as, to shoot the Stygian flood.

Dryden.

11. To fit to each other by planing; a workman's term.

Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or pared with a chisel.

Moxon.

12. To kill by a ball, arrow or other thing shot; as, to shoot a duck.

Shoot

SHOOT, verb intransitive To perform the act of discharging, sending with force, or driving any thing by means of an engine or instrument; as, to shoot at a target or mark.

When you shoot, and shut one eye.

Prior.

The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him. Genesis 49.

2. To germinate; to bud; to sprout; to send forth branches.

Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth.

Bacon.

But the wild olive shoots and shades the ungrateful plain.

Dryden.

Delightful task,

To teach the young idea how to shoot.

Thomson.

3. To form by shooting, or by an arrangement of particles into spiculae. Metals shoot into crystals. Every salt shoots into crystals of a determinate form.

4. To be emitted, sent forth or driven along.

There shot a streaming lamp along the sky.

Dryden.

5. To protuberate; to be pushed out; to jut; to project. The land shoots into a promontory.

6. To pass, as an arrow or pointed instrument; to penetrate.

Thy words shoot through my heart.

Addison.

7. To grow rapidly; to become by rapid growth. The boy soon shoots up to a man.

He'll soon shoot up a hero.

Dryden.

8. To move with velocity; as a shooting star.

9. To feel a quick darting pain. My temples shoot.

To shoot ahead, to outstrip in running, flying or sailing.

Shoot

SHOOT, noun The act of propelling or driving any thing with violence; the discharge of a fire-arm or bow; as a good shoot.

The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot.

Bacon.

2. The act of striking or endeavoring to strike with a missive weapon.

Shak.

3. A young branch.

Prune off superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring.

Evelyn.

4. A young swine. [In New England pronounced shote.]

Shooter

SHOOT'ER, noun One that shoots; an archer; a gunner.

Herbert.

Shooting

SHOOT'ING, participle of the present tense Discharging, as firearms; driving or sending with violence; pushing out; protuberating; germinating; branching; glancing, as pain.

Shooting

SHOOT'ING, noun The act of discharging fire-arms, or of sending an arrow with force; a firing.

2. Sensation of a quick glancing pain.

3. In sportsmanship, the act or practice of killing game with guns or fire-arms.

Shop

SHOP, noun [Norm. schope; Saxon sceoppa, a depository, from sceapian, to form or shape; Swedish skÃƒ-¥p, a repository; Danish skab, a cupboard or chest of drawers. Qu. French echoppe.]

1. A building in which goods, wares, drugs, &c. are sold by retail.

2. A building in which mechanics work, and where they keep their manufactures for sale.

Keep your shop, and your shop will keep you.

Franklin.

Shop

SHOP, verb intransitive To visit shops for purchasing goods; used chiefly in the participle; as, the lady is shopping.

Shopboard

SHOP'BOARD, noun [shop and board.] A bench on which work is performed; as a doctor or divine taken from the shopboard.

South.

Shopbook

SHOP'BOOK, noun [shop and book.] A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts.

Locke.

Shopkeeper

SHOP'KEEPER, noun [shop and keep.] A trader who sells goods in a shop or by retail; in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells by wholesale.

Addison.

Shoplifter

SHOP'LIFTER, noun [shop and lift. See Lift.]

One who steals any thing in a shop, or takes goods privately from a shop; one who under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion to steal.

Encyc.

Shoplifting

SHOP'LIFTING, noun Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of any thing from a shop.

Shoplike

SHOP'LIKE, adjective Low; vulgar.

B. Jonson.

Shopman

SHOP'MAN, noun [shop and man.] A petty trader.

Dryden.

2. One who serves in a shop.

Johnson.

Shopping

SHOP'PING, participle of the present tense Visiting shops for the purchase of goods.

Shore

SHORE, the old pret. of shear. Obs.

Shore

SHORE, noun [Saxon score.] The coast or land adjacent to the ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river. This word is applied primarily to the land contiguous to water; but it extends also to the ground near the border of the sea or of a lake, which is covered with water. We also use the word to express the land near the border of the sea or of a great lake, to an indefinite extent; as when we say, a town stands on the shore. We do not apply the word to the land contiguous to a small stream. This we call a bank.

Shore

SHORE, noun [The popular but corrupt pronunciation of sewer; a pronunciation that should be carefully avoided.]

Shore

SHORE, noun [Spanish Portugese escora; Dutch schoor.] A prop; a buttress; something that supports a building or other thing.

Watts.

Shore

SHORE, verb transitive To prop; to support by a post or buttress; usually with up; as, to shore up a building.

2. To set on shore. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Shored

SHO'RED, participle passive Propped; supported by a prop.

Shoreless

SHO'RELESS, adjective Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent; as a shoreless ocean.

Boyle.

Shoreling

SHO'RELING, or SHOR'LING, noun In England, the skin of a living sheep shorn, as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from a dead sheep. Hence in some parts of England, a shorling is a sheep shorn, and morling is one that dies.

Encyc.

Shorl

SHORL, noun [Swedish sk?rl, from sk?r, brittle; Danish skiÃƒ-¶r.]

A mineral, usually of a black color, found in masses of an indeterminate form, or crystalized in three or nine sided prisms, which when entire are terminated by three sided summits. The surface of the crystals is longitudinally streaked. The amorphous sort presents thin straight distinct columnar concretions, sometimes parallel, sometimes diverging or stelliform. This is called also tourmalin.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Werner.

Kirwan.

The shorl of the mineralogists of the last century cemprehended a variety of substances which later observations have separated into several species. The green shorl is the epidote, or the vesuvian, or the actinolite. The violet shorl and the lenticular shorl are the axinite. The black volcanic shorl is the augite. The white Vesuvian shorl is the sommite. The white grenatiform is the leucite. The white prismatic is the pycnite, a species of the topaz, and another is a variety of feldspar. Of the blue shorl, one variety is the oxyd of titanium, another the sappare, and another the phosphate of iron. The shorl cruciform is the granatite. The octahedral shorl is the octahedrite or anatase. The red shorl of Hungary and the purple of Madagascar, are varieties of the oxyd of titanium. The spathic shorl is the spodumene. The black shorl and the electric shorl only remain, and to this species the name tourmalin was given by that celebrated mineralogist, the Abbe HaÃƒ-¼y.

Gibbs, Journ. of Science.

Blue shorl is a variety of Hauyne. Red and titanitic shorl is rutile.

Ure.

Shorlaceous

SHORLA'CEOUS, adjective Like shorl; partaking of the nature and characters of shorl.

Kirwan.

Shorlite

SHORL'ITE, noun A mineral of a greenish white color, sometimes yellowish; mostly found in irregular oblong masses or columns, inserted in a mixture of quartz and mica or granite.

Klaproth. Kirwan.

Shorlite or shorlous topaz, the pycnite of Werner, is of a straw yellow color.

Ure.

Shorn

SHORN, participle passive of shear. Cut off; as a lock of wool shorn.

2. Having the hair or wool cut off or sheared; as a shorn lamb.

3. Deprived; as a prince shorn of his honors.

Short

SHORT, adjective [Saxon sceort, scyrt; German kurz; Dutch Swedish Danish kort; French court; Italian corto; Latin curtus; Irish gear; Russian kortayu, to shorten. It is from cutting off or separating. Qu. Danish skiÃƒ-¶r, Swedish sk?r, brittle.]

1. Not long; not having great length or extension; as a short distance; a short ferry; a short flight; a short piece of timber.

The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it. Isaiah 28.

2. Not extended in time; not of long duration.

The triumphing of the wicked is short. Job 20:1 Thessalonians 2.

3. Not of usual or sufficient length, reach or extent.

Weak though I am of limb, and short of sight.

Pope.

4. Not of long duration; repeated at small intervals of time; as short breath.

Dryden. Sidney.

5. Not of adequate extent or quantity; not reaching the point demanded, desired or expected; as a quantity short of our expectations.

Not therefore am I short

Of knowing what I ought.

Milton.

6. Deficient; defective; imperfect. This account is short of the truth.

7. Not adequate; insufficient; scanty; as, provisions are short; a short allowance of water for the voyage.

8. Not sufficiently supplied; scantily furnished.

The English were inferior in number, and grew short in their provisions.

Hayward.

9. Not far distant in time; future.

He commanded those who were appointed to attend him, to be ready by a short day.

Clarendon.

We now say, at short notice. In mercantile language, a note or bill is made payable at short sight, that is, in a little time after being presented to the payor.

10. Not fetching a compass; as in the phrase, to turn short.

11. Not going to the point intended; as, to stop short.

12. Defective in quantity; as sheep short of their wool.

Dryden.

13. Narrow; limited; not extended; not large or comprehensive.

Their own short understandings reach

No farther than the present.

Rowe.

14. Brittle; friable; breaking all at once without splinters or shatters; as marl so short that it cannot be wrought into a ball.

Mortimer.

15. Not bending.

The lance broke short.

Dryden.

16. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; severe. I asked him a question, to which he gave a short answer.

To be short, to be scantily supplied; as, to be short of bread or water.

To come short, to fail; not to do what is demanded or expected, or what is necessary for the purpose; applied to persons. We all come short of perfect obedience to God's will.

2. Not to reach or obtain. Romans 3.

3. To fail; to be insufficient. Provisions come short.

To cut short, to abridge; to contract; to make too small or defective; also, to destroy or consume. 2 Kings 10.

To fall short, to fail; to be inadequate or scanty; as, provisions fall short; money falls short.

2. To fail; not to do or accomplish; as, to fall short in duty.

3. To be less. The measure falls short of the estimate.

To stop short, to stop at once; also, to stop without reaching the point intended.

To turn short, to turn on the spot occupied; to turn without making a compass.

For turning short he struck with all his might.

Dryden.

To be taken short, to be seized with urgent necessity.

Swift.

In short, in few words; briefly; to sum up or close in a few words.

Short

SHORT, noun A summary account; as the short of the matter.

The short and long in our play is preferred.

Shak.

Short

SHORT, adverb Not long; as short-enduring joy; a short-breathed man.

Dryden. Arbuthnot.

In connection with verbs, short is a modifying word, or used adverbially; as, to come short, &c.

Short

SHORT, verb transitive To shorten.

2. verb intransitive To fail; to decrease. [Not in use.]

Short-Breathed

SHORT'-BREATHED, adjective Having short breath or quick respiration.

Short-Dated

SHORT'-DATED, adjective [short and date.] Having little time to run.

Sandys.

Shorten

SHORTEN, v. t. short'n. [Saxon scyrtan.] To make short in measure, extent or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity. Matthew 24.

2. To abridge; to lessen; as, to shorten labor or work.

3. To curtail; as, to shorten the hair by clipping.

4. To contract; to lessen; to diminish in extent or amount; as, to shorten sail; to shorten an allowance of provisions.

5. To confine; to restrain.

Here where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.

Dryden.

6. To lop; to deprive.

The youthÃ‚--shortened of his ears.

Dryden.

Shorten

SHORTEN, v. i. short'n. To become short or shorter. The day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December.

2. To contract; as, a cord shortens by being wet; a metallic rod shortens by cold.

Shortened

SHORT'ENED, participle passive Made shorter; abridged; contracted.

Shortening

SHORT'ENING, participle of the present tense Making shorter; contracting.

Shortening

SHORT'ENING, noun Something used in cookery to make paste short or friable, as butter or lard.

Short-Hand

SHORT'-HAND, noun [short and hand.] Short writing; a compendious method of writing by substituting characters, abbreviations or symbols for words; otherwise called stenography.

Locke.

Short-Jointed

SHORT'-JOINTED, adjective [short and joint.] A horse is said to be short-jointed, when the pastern is too short.

Encyc.

Short-Lived

SHORT'-LIVED, adjective [short and live.] Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as a short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived passion.

Dryden. Addison.

Shortly

SHORT'LY, adverb Quickly; soon; in a little time.

The armies came shortly in view of each other.

Clarendon.

2. In few words; briefly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.

Pope.

Shortner

SHORT'NER, noun He or that which shortens.

Swift.

Shortness

SHORT'NESS, noun The quality of being short in space or time; little length or little duration; as the shortness of a journey or of distance; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of life.

2. Fewness of words; brevity; conciseness; as the shortness of an essay. The prayers of the church, by reason of their shortness, are easy for the memory.

3. Want of reach or the power of retention; as the shortness of the memory.

Bacon.

4. Deficiency; imperfection; limited extent; as the shortness of our reason.

Glanville.

Short-Rib

SHORT'-RIB, noun [short and rib.] One of the lower ribs; a rib shorter than the others, below the sternum; a false rib.

Wiseman.

Shorts

SHORTS, n. plu. The bran and coarse part of meal. [Local.]

Short-Sight

SHORT-SIGHT, noun Short-sightedness; myopy; vision accurate only when the object is near.

Good.

Short-Sighted

SHORT-SIGHTED, adjective [short and sight.]

1. Not able to see far; having limited vision; in a literal sense.

2. Not able to look far into futurity; not able to understand things deep or remote; of limited intellect.

Short-Sightedness

SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS, noun A defect in vision, consisting in the inability to see things at a distance, or at the distance to which the sight ordinarily extends. Short-sightedness is owing to the too great convexity of the crystaline humor of the eye, by which the rays of light are brought to a focus too soon, that is, before they reach the retina.

2. Defective or limited intellectual sight; inability to see far into futurity or into things deep or abstruse.

Addison.

Short-Waisted

SHORT-WAISTED, adjective [short and waist.] Having a short waist or body.

Dryden.

Short-Winded

SHORT-WIND'ED, adjective [short and wind.] Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick respiration; as asthmatic persons.

May.

Short-Winged

SHORT'-WINGED, adjective [short and wing.] Having short wings; as a short-winged hawk.

Dryden.

Short-Witted

SHORT-WIT'TED, adjective Having little wit; not wise; of scanty intellect or judgment.

Hales.

Shory

SHO'RY, adjective [from shore.] Lying near the shore or coast. [Little used.]

Burnet.

Shot

SHOT, pret. and participle passive of shoot.

Shot

SHOT, noun [Saxon scyt; Dutch schoot, schot. See Shoot and Scot.]

1. The act of shooting; discharge of a missile weapon.

He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army.

Clarendon.

[Note. The plural shots, may be used, but shot is generally used in both numbers.]

2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet. Shot is properly whatever is discharged from fire-arms or cannon by the force of gunpowder. Shot used in war is of various kinds; as round shot or balls; those for cannon made of iron, those for muskets and pistols, of lead. Secondly, double headed shot or bar shot, consisting of a bar with a round head at each end. Thirdly, chain-shot, consisting of two balls chained together. Fourthly, grape-shot, consisting of a number of balls bound together with a cord in canvas on an iron bottom. Fifthly, case shot or canister shot, consisting of a great number of small bullets in a cylindrical tin box. Sixthly, langrel or langrage, which consists of pieces of iron of any kind or shape. Small shot, denotes musket balls.

Mar. Dict.

3. Small globular masses of lead, used for killing fowls and other small animals. These are not called balls or bullets.

4. The flight of a missile weapon, or the distance which it passes from the engine; as a cannon shot; a musket shot; a pistol shot; a bow shot.

5. A reckoning; charge or proportional share of expense. [See Scot.]

Shot of a cable, in seaman's language, the splicing of two cables together; or the whole length of two cables thus united. A ship will ride easier in deep water with one shot of cable thus lengthened, than with three short cables.

Encyc.

Shote

SHOTE, noun [Saxon sceota; from shooting, darting.]

1. A fish resembling the trout.

Carew.

2. A young hog. [See Shoot.]

Shot-Free

SHOT'-FREE, adjective [shot and free.] Free from charge; exempted from any share of expense; scot-free.

2. Not to be injured by shot. [Not used.]

Feltham.

3. Unpunished. [Not used.]

Shotten

SHOTTEN, a. shot'n. [from shoot.] Having ejected the spawn; as a shotten herring.

Shak.

2. Shooting into angles.

3. Shot out of its socket; dislocated; as a bone.

Shough

SHOUGH, n. shok. A kind of shaggy dog. [Not in use. See Shock.]

Should

SHOULD. shood. The preterit of shall, but now used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present. ``He should have paid the debt at the time the note became due.' Should here denotes past time. ``I should ride to town this day if the weather would permit.' Here should expresses present or future time conditionally. In the second and third persons, it denotes obligation or duty, as in the first example above.

1. I should go. When should in this person is uttered without emphasis, it declares simply that an event would take place, on some condition or under other circumstances.

But when expressed with emphasis, should in this person denotes obligation, duty or determination.

2. Thou shouldst You should go. Without emphasis, should, in the second person, is nearly equivalent to ought; you ought to go, it is your duty, you are bound to go. [See Shall.]

With emphasis, should expresses determination in the speaker conditionally to compel the person to act. ``If I had the care of you, you should go, whether willing or not.'

3. He should go. Should, in the third person, has the same force as in the second.

4. If I should, if you should, if he should, &c. denote a future contingent event.

5. After should, the principal verb is sometimes omitted, without obscuring the sense.

So subjects love just kings, or so they should.

Dryden.

That is, so they should love them.

6. Should be, ought to be; a proverbial phrase, conveying some censure, contempt or irony. Things are not as they should be.

The boys think their mother no better than she should be.

Addison.

7. ``We think it strange that stones should fall from the aerial regions.' In this use, should implies that stones do fall. In all similar phrases, should implies the actual existence of the fact, without a condition or supp?sition.

Shoulder

SHOULDER, noun [Saxon sculdre, sculdor, sculder; German schulter; Dutch schouder; Swedish skuldra; Danish skulder.]

1. The joint by which the arm of a human being or the fore leg of a quadruped is connected with the body; or in man, the projection formed by the bones called scapuloe or shoulder blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a horizontal direction.

2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut for the market; as a shoulder of mutton.

3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part of the back.

Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair.

Dryden.

4. Figuratively, support; sustaining power; or that which elevates and sustains.

For on thy shoulders do I build my seat.

Shak.

5. Among artificers, something like the human shoulder; a horizontal or rectangular projection from the body of a thing.

Moxon.

Shoulder

SHOULDER, verb transitive To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence.

Around her numberless the rabble flow'd,

Should'ring each other, crowding for a view.

Rowe.

As they the earth would shoulder from her seat.

Spenser.

2. To take upon the shoulder; as, to shoulder a basket.

Shoulder-Belt

SHOULDER-BELT, noun [shoulder and belt.] A belt that passes across the shoulder.

Dryden.

Shoulder-Blade

SHOULDER-BLADE, noun [shoulder and blade.]

The bone of the shoulder, or blade bone, broad and triangular, covering the hind part of the ribs; called by anatomists scapula and omoplata.

Encyc.

Shoulder-Clapper

SHOULDER-CLAPPER, noun [shoulder and clap.]

One that claps another on the shoulder, or that uses great familiarity. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Shoulder-Knot

SHOULDER-KNOT, noun [shoulder and knot.] An ornamental knot of ribin or lace worn on the shoulder; an epaulet.

Shoulder-Shotten

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN, adjective [shoulder and shot.]

Stra?ed in the shoulder, as a horse.

Shak.

Shoulder-Slip

SHOULDER-SLIP, noun [shoulder and slip.] Dislocation of the shoulder or of the humerus.

Swift.

Shout

SHOUT, verb intransitive [This word coincides with shoot, Welsh ysgythu, to jet, to spout.]

To utter a sudden and loud outcry, usually in joy, triumph or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset.

It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery. Exodus 32.

When ye hear the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout. Joshua 6.

Shout

SHOUT, noun A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated courage. It is sometimes intended in derision. Joshua 6. Ez. 3.

The Rhodians seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision.

Knolles.

Shout

SHOUT, verb transitive To treat with shouts or clamor.

Hall.

Shouter

SHOUT'ER, noun One that shouts.

Dryden.

Shouting

SHOUT'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy or exultation.

Shouting

SHOUT'ING, noun The act of shouting; a loud outcry expressive of joy or animation. 2 Samuel 6.

Shove

SHOVE, verb transitive [Saxon scufan, to push or thrust; scyfan, to suggest, to hint; Dutch schuiven; German schieben, schuppen; Swedish skuffa; Danish skuffer. The more correct orthography would be shuv.]

1. To push; to propel; to drive along by the direct application of strength without a sudden impulse; particularly, to push a body by sliding or causing it to move along the surface of another body, either by the hand or by an instrument; as, to shove a bottle along a table; to shove a table along the floor; to shove a boat on the water.

And shove away the worthy bidden guest.

Milton.

Shoving back this earth on which I sit.

Dryden.

2. To push; to press against.

He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants to get near his mistress.

Arbuthnot.

To shove away, to push to a distance; to thrust off.

To shove by, to push away; to delay, or to reject; as, to shove by the hearing of a cause; or to shove by justice. [Not elegant.]

Shak.

To shove off, to thrust or push away.

To shove down, to overthrow by pushing.

Arbuthnot.

Shove

SHOVE, verb intransitive To push or drive forward; to urge a course.

Swift.

2. To push off; to move in a boat or with a pole; as, he shoved from shore.

Garth.

To shove off, to move from shore by pushing with poles or oars.

Shove

SHOVE, noun The act of pushing or pressing against by strength, without a sudden impulse.

Swift.

Shoved

SHOVED, participle passive Pushed; propelled.

Shovel

SHOVEL, n. shuv'l. [Saxon scofl; German schaufel; Dutch schoffel, schop; Danish skuffe, a scoop or shovel; from shoving.]

An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow blade with a handle; used for throwing earth or other loose substances.

Shovel

SHOVEL, verb transitive To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap or into a cart, or out of a pit.

2. To gather in great quantities.

Derham.

Shovel-Board

SHOVEL-BOARD, noun A board on which they play by sliding metal pieces at a mark.

Dryden.

Shoveled

SHOVELED, participle passive Thrown with a shovel.

Shoveler

SHOVELER, noun [from shovel.] A fowl of the genus Anas or duck kind.

Bacon.

Shoveling

SHOVELING, participle of the present tense Throwing with a shovel.

Show

SHOW, verb transitive pret. showed; pp. shown or showed. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [Saxon sceawian; Dutch schouwen; German schauen; Danish skuer. This word in most of the Teutonic dialects, signifies merely to look, see, view, behold. In Saxon it signifies to show, look, view, explore, regard. This is doubtless a contracted word. If the radical letter lost was a labial, show coincides with the Greek,. If a dental has been lost, this word accords with the Swedish skÃƒ-¥da, to view or behold.]

1. To exhibit or present to the view of others.

Go thy way, show thyself to the priest. Matthew 8.

2. To afford to the eye or to notice; to contain in a visible form.

Nor want we skill or art, from whence to raise

Magnificence; and what can heaven show more?

Milton.

3. To make or enable to see.

Milton.

4. To make or enable to perceive.

Milton.

5. To make to know; to cause to understand; to make known to; to teach or inform. Job 10.

Know, I am sent

To show thee what shall come in future days.

Milton.

6. To prove; to manifest.

I'll show my duty by my timely care.

Dryden.

7. To inform; to teach; with of.

The time cometh when I shall no more speak to you in proverbs, but I shall show you plainly of the Father. John 16.

8. To point out, as a guide.

Thou shalt show them the way in which they must walk. Exodus 18.

9. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor or mercy on any person. Psalm 112, 4.

10. To prove by evidence, testimony or authentic registers or documents.

They could not show their father's house. Ez. 2.

11. To disclose; to make known.

I dnrst not show you mine opinion. Job 32.

12. To discover; to explain; as, to show a dream or interpretation. Danish ii.

To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim. 1 Peter 2.

Show

SHOW, verb intransitive To appear; to look; to be in appearance.

Just such she shows before a rising storm.

Dryden.

2. To have appearance; to become or suit well or ill.

My lord of York, it better show'd with you. Obs.

Shak.

Show

SHOW, noun Superficial appearance; not reality.

Mild heav'n

Disapproves that care, though wise in show.

Milton.

2. A spectacle; something offered to view for money.

Addison.

3. Ostentatious display or parade.

I envy none their pageantry and show.

Young.

4. Appearance as an object of notice.

The city itself makes the noblest show of any in the world.

Addison.

5. Public appearance, in distinction from concealment; as an open show.

6. Semblance; likeness.

In show plebeian angel militant.

Milton.

7. Speciousness; plausibility.

But a short exile must for show precede.

Dryden.

8. External appearance.

And forc'd, at least in show, to prize it more.

Dryden.

9. Exhibition to view; as a show of cattle, or cattle-show.

Agricult. Societies.

10. Pomp; magnificent spectacle.

As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such showsÃ‚--

Bacon.

11. A phantom; as a fairy show.

Dryden.

12. Representative action; as a dumb show.

Addison.

13. External appearance; hypocritical pretense.

Who devour widows' houses, and for a show make long prayers. Luke 20.

Show-Bread

SHOW-BREAD, or SHEW'-BREAD, noun [show and bread.] Among the Jews, bread of exhibition; the loaves of bread which the priest of the week placed before the Lord, on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were shaped like a brick, were ten palms long and five broad, weighing about eight pounds each. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and changed every sabbath. The loaves were twelve in number, and represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priest only.

Encyc.

Shower

SHOWER, noun One who shows or exhibits.

Shower

SHOW'ER, noun [Saxon scur; German schauer, a shower, horror; schauern, to shower, to shiver, shudder, quake. Qu. Hebrew Chaldee Arabic to be rough, to shudder.]

1. A fall of rain or hail, of short duration. It may be applied to a like fall of snow, but this seldom occurs. It is applied to a fall of rain or hail of short continuance, of more or less violence, but never to a storm of long continuance.

2. A fall of things from the air in thick succession; as a shower of darts or arrows; a shower of stones.

Pope.

3. A copious supply bestowed; liberal distribution; as a great shower of gifts.

Shak.

Shower

SHOW'ER, verb transitive To water with a shower; to wet copiously with rain; as, to shower the earth.

Milton.

2. To bestow liberally; to distribute or scatter in abundance.

Cesar's favor,

That show'rs down greatness on his friends.

Addison.

3. To wet with falling water, as in the shower-bath.

Shower

SHOW'ER, verb intransitive To rain in showers.

Showered

SHOW'ERED, participle passive Wet with a shower; watered abundantly; bestowed or distributed liberally.

Showerless

SHOW'ERLESS, adjective Without showers.

Armstrong.

Showery

SHOW'ERY, adjective Raining in showers; abounding with frequent falls of rain.

Showily

SHOWILY, adverb In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.

Showiness

SHOWINESS, noun State of being showy; pompousness; great parade.

Showish

SHOWISH, adjective Splendid; gaudy. [Little used.]

Swift.

2. Ostentatious.

Shown

SHOWN, participle passive of show. Exhibited; manifested; proved.

Showy

SHOWY, adjective Splendid; gay; gaudy; making a great show; fine.

Addison.

2. Ostentatious.

Shrag

SHRAG, verb transitive To lop. [Not in use.]

Shrag

SHRAG, noun A twig of a tree cut off. [Not in use.]

Shragger

SHRAG'GER, noun One that lops; one that trims trees. [Not in use.]

Shrank

SHRANK, pret. of shrink, nearly obsolete.

Shrap

SHRAP, or SHRAPE, noun A place baited with chaff to invite birds. [Not in use.]

Shred

SHRED, verb transitive pret. and pp. shred. [Saxon screadan, to cut off; Swedish skr?ddare, a tailor.]

To cut into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or lether. It differs from mince, which signifies to chop into pieces fine and short.

Shred

SHRED, noun A long narrow piece cut off; as shreds of cloth.

Bacon.

2. A fragment; a piece; as shreds of wit.

Swift.

Shredding

SHRED'DING, participle of the present tense Cutting into shreds.

Shredding

SHRED'DING, noun That which is cut off; a piece.

Hooker.

Shrew

SHREW, noun [I know not the original sense of this word. If it signifies a brawler, it may be from Dutch schreeuwen, to brawl, German schreien, Danish skriger. But beshrew, in Chaucer, is interpreted to curse.]

1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vexatious woman. It appears originally to have been applied to males as well as females; but is now restricted to the latter.

The man had got a shrew for his wife, and there could be no quiet in the house with her.

L'Estrange.

2. A shrew-mouse.

Shrew

SHREW, verb transitive To beshrew; to curse. Obs.

Chaucer.

Shrewd

SHREWD, adjective Having the qualities of a shrew; vexatious; troublesome; mischievous. Obs.

Shak.

2. Sly; cunning; arch; subtil; artful; astute; as a shrewd man.

3. Sagacious; of nice discernment; as a shrewd observer of men.

4. Proceeding from cunning or sagacity, or containing it; as a shrewd saying; a shrewd conjecture.

5. Painful; vexatious; troublesome.

Every of this number

That have endur'd shrewd nights and days with us. Obs.

Shak.

No enemy is so despicable but he may do one a shrewd turn. Obs.

L'Estrange.

Shrewdly

SHREWD'LY, adverb Mischievously; destructively.

This practice hath most shrewdly past upon thee. Obs.

Shak.

2. Vexatiously; used of slight mischief.

The obstinate and schismatical are like to think themselves shrewdly hurt by being cut from that body they chose not to be of. Obs.

South.

Yet seem'd she not to winch, though shrewdly pain'd. Obs.

Dryden.

3. Archly; sagaciously; with good guess; as, I shrewdly suspect; he shrewdly observed.

Locke.

Shrewdness

SHREWD'NESS, noun Sly cunning; archness.

The neighbors round admire his shrewdness.

Swift.

2. Sagaciousness; sagacity; the quality of nice discernment.

3. Mischievousness; vexatiousness. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Shrewish

SHREW'ISH, adjective Having the qualities of a shrew; froward; peevish; petulantly clamorous.

My wife is shrewish when I keep not hours.

Shak.

Shrewishly

SHREW'ISHLY, adverb Peevishly; clamorously; turbulently.

He speaks very shrewishly.

Shak.

Shrewishness

SHREW'ISHNESS, noun The qualities of a shrew; frowardness; petulance; turbulent clamorousness.

I have no gift in shrewishness.

Shak.

Shrew-Mouse

SHREW'-MOUSE, noun [Saxon screawa.] A small animal resembling a mouse, but belonging to the genus Sorex; an animal that burrows in the ground, feeding on corn, insects, &c. It is a harmless animal.

Shriek

SHRIEK, verb intransitive [Danish skriger; Swedish skrika; German schreien; Dutch schreijen; the two latter contracted; Welsh ysgreÃƒ-§ian, from creÃƒ-§, a scream or shriek, also rough, rugged, to creak, whence screech, and vulgarly screak; hence Welsh ysgreÃƒ-§, a jay, from its scream; creg, hoarse, crygi, hoarseness, roughness, from the root of rugged, and Latin ruga, wrinkled, rugo, to bray; all from straining, and hence breaking, bursting, cracking; allied to crack and crackle, Italian scricchiolare.]

To utter a sharp shrill cry; to scream; as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.

At this she shriek'd aloud.

Dryden.

It was the owl that shriek'd.

Shak.

Shriek

SHRIEK, noun A sharp shrill outcry or scream, such as is produced by sudden terror or extreme anguish.

Shrieks, clamors, murmurs fill the frighted town.

Dryden.

Shrieking

SHRIE'KING, participle of the present tense Crying out with a shrill voice.

Shrieval

SHRIE'VAL, adjective Pertaining to a sherif. [Not in use.]

Shrievalty

SHRIE'VALTY, noun [from sherif.] Sherifalty; the office of a sherif.

It was ordained by 28 Ed. 1. that the people shall have election of sherif in every shire, where the shrievalty is not of inheritance.

Blackstone.

Shrieve

SHRIEVE, noun Sherif. [Not in use.]

Shrift

SHRIFT, noun [Saxon scrift.] Confession made to a priest. Obs.

Shak.

Shright

SHRIGHT, for shrieked.

Chaucer.

Shright

SHRIGHT, noun A shriek. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Shrike

SHRIKE, noun [See Shriek.] The butcher-bird; a genus of birds called Lanius, of several species.

Shrill

SHRILL, adjective [Welsh grill, a sharp noise; Armoric scrilh, a cricket, Latin gryllus, French grillon, Spanish Italian grillo; Italian strillare, to scream.]

1. Sharp; acute; piercing; as sound; as a shrill voice; shrill echoes.

Shak.

2. Uttering an acute sound; as the cock's shrill sounding throat; a shrill trumpet.

[NOTE. A shrill sound may be tremulous or trilling; but this circumstance is not essential to it, although it seems to be from the root of trill.]

Shrill

SHRILL, verb intransitive To utter an acute piercing sound.

Break we our pipes that shrill'd as loud as lark.

Spenser.

Shrill

SHRILL, verb transitive To cause to make a shrill sound.

Spenser.

Shrillness

SHRILL'NESS, noun Acuteness of sound; sharpness or fineness of voice.

Smith.

Shrilly

SHRIL'LY, adverb Acutely, as sound; with a sharp sound or voice.

More.

Shrimp

SHRIMP, verb transitive [Dutch krimpen; Danish skrumper, to crumple, to shrink; German schrumpfen; Welsh crom, crwm, bending or shrinking in.]

To contract. [Not in use.]

Echard.

Shrimp

SHRIMP, noun [supra.] A crustaceous animal of the genus Cancer. It has long slender feelers, claws with a single, hooked fang, and three pair of legs. It is esteemed delicious food.

2. A little wrinkled man; a dwarf; in contempt.

Shak.

Shrine

SHRINE, noun [Saxon scrin; German schrein; Swedish skrin; Latin scrinium; Italian scrigno; French ecrin. See Skreen.]

A case or box; particularly applied to a case in which sacred things are deposited. Hence we hear much of shrines for relics.

Come, offer at my shrine, and I will help thee.

Shak.

Shrink

SHRINK, verb intransitive pret. and pp. shrunk. The old pret. shrank and pp. shrunken are nearly obsolete. [Saxon scrincan. If n is not radical, the root is rig or ryg.]

1. To contract spontaneously; to draw or be drawn into less length, breadth or compass by an inherent power; as, woolen cloth shrinks in hot water; a flaxen or hempen line shrinks in a humid atmosphere. Many substances shrink by drying.

2. To shrivel; to become wrinkled by contraction; as the skin.

3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to decline action from fear. A brave man never shrinks from danger; a good man does not shrink from duty.

4. To recoil, as in fear, horror or distress. My mind shrinks from the recital of our woes.

What happier natures shrink at with affright,

The hard inhabitant contends is right.

Pope.

5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrugging or contracting the body.

Shak.

Shrink

SHRINK, verb transitive To cause to contract; as, to shrink flannel by immersing it in boiling water.

O mighty Cesar, dost thou lie so low!

Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,

Shrunk to this little measure!

Shak.

Shrink

SHRINK, noun Contraction; a spontaneous drawing into less compass; corrugation.

Woodward.

2. Contraction; a withdrawing from fear or horror.

Daniel.

Shrinkage

SHRINK'AGE, noun A shrinking or contraction into a less compass. Make an allowance for the shrinkage of grain in drying.

Shrinker

SHRINK'ER, noun One that shrinks; one that withdraws from danger.

Shrinking

SHRINK'ING, participle of the present tense Contracting; drawing together; withdrawing from danger; declining to act from fear; causing to contract.

Shrivalty

SHRIV'ALTY. [See Shrievalty.]

Shrive

SHRIVE, verb transitive [Saxon scrifan, to take a confession. But the sense seems to be to enjoin or impose penance, or simply to enjoin.]

To hear or receive the confession of; to administer confession; as a priest.

He shrives this woman. Obs.

Shak.

Shrivel

SHRIVEL, v. i. shriv'l. [from the root of rivel, Saxon gerifled.]

To contract; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles; to shrink and form corrugations; as, a leaf shrivels in the hot sun; the skin shrivels with age.

Shrivel

SHRIV'EL, verb transitive To contract into wrinkles; to cause to shrink into corrugations. A scorching sun shrivels the blades of corn.

And shrivel'd herbs on withering stems decay.

Dryden.

Shriveled

SHRIV'ELED, participle passive Contracted into wrinkles.

Shriveling

SHRIV'ELING, participle of the present tense Contracting into wrinkles.

Shriver

SHRI'VER, noun [from shrive.] A confessor. Obs.

Shak.

Shriving

SHRI'VING, noun Shrift; confession taken. Obs.

Spenser.

Shroud

SHROUD, noun [Saxon scrud, clothing.]

1. A shelter; a cover; that which covers, conceals or protects.

Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds.

Sandys.

2. The dress of the dead; a winding sheet.

Young.

3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to the right and left sides of the ship, to support the mast; as the main shrouds; fore shrouds; mizen shrouds. There are also futtock shrouds, bowsprit shrouds, &c.

Mar. Dict.

4. A branch of a tree. [Not proper.]

Warton.

Shroud

SHROUD, verb transitive To cover; to shelter from danger or annoyance.

Under your beams I will me safely shroud.

Spenser.

One of these trees with all its young ones, may shroud four hundred horsemen.

Raleigh.

2. To dress for the grave; to cover; as a dead body.

The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in several folds of linen besmeared with gums.

Bacon.

3. To cover; to conceal; to hide; as, to be shrouded in darkness.

Ã‚--Some tempest rise,

And blow out all the stars that light the skies,

To shroud my shame.

Dryden.

4. To defend; to protect by hiding.

So Venus from prevailing Greeks did shroud

The hope of Rome, and sav'd him in a cloud.

Waller.

5. To overwhelm; as, to be shrouded in despair.

6. To lop the branches of a tree. [Unusual or improper.]

Chambers.

Shroud

SHROUD, verb intransitive To take shelter or harbor.

If your stray attendants be yet lodg'd

Or shroud within these limitsÃ‚--

Milton.

Shrouded

SHROUD'ED, participle passive Dressed; covered; concealed; sheltered; overwhelmed.

Shrouding

SHROUD'ING, participle of the present tense Dressing; covering; concealing; sheltering; overwhelming.

Shroudy

SHROUD'Y, adjective Affording shelter.

Milton.

Shrove

SHROVE, verb intransitive To join in the festivities of Shrove-tide. [Obs.]

Beaum.

Shrove-Tide

SHRO'VE-TIDE, or SHROVE-TUESDAY, noun [from shrove, pret. of shrive, to take a confession. See Tide and Tuesday.]

Confession-time; confession-Tuesday; the Tuesday after Quinquagesima Sunday, or the day immediately preceding the first of Lent, or Ash Wednesday; on which day, all the people of England when of the Catholic religion, were obliged to confess their sins one by one to their parish priests; after which they dined on pancakes or fritters. The latter practice still continues. The bell rung on this day is called pancake-bell.

Encyc.

Shroving

SHRO'VING, noun The festivity of Shrovetide.

Shrub

SHRUB, noun [Saxon scrob, German schroff, rugged; Irish sgrabach, rough. See Scrub.]

A low dwarf tree; a woody plant of a size less than a tree; or more strictly, a plant with several permanent woody stems, dividing from the bottom, more slender and lower than in trees.

Encyc. Martyn.

Gooseberries and currants are shrubs; oaks and cherries are trees.

Locke.

Shrub

SHRUB, noun [Arabic drink, and from the same source, sirup. The Arabic verb signifies to drink, to imbibe, whence Latin sorbeo. See Sherbet and Absorb.]

A liquor composed of acid and sugar, with spirit to preserve it; usually the acid of lemons.

Shrub

SHRUB, verb transitive To clear of shrubs.

Anderson.

Shrubbery

SHRUB'BERY, noun Shrubs in general.

2. A plantation of shrubs.

Shrubby

SHRUB'BY, adjective Full of shrubs; as a shrubby plain.

2. Resembling a shrub; as plants shrubby and curled.

Mortimer.

3. Consisting of shrubs or brush; as shrubby browze.

Philips.

4. A shrubby plant is perennial, with several woody stems.

Martyn.

Shruff

SHRUFF, noun [German schroff, rugged.] Dross; recrement of metals. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Shrug

SHRUG, verb transitive [This word is probably formed from the root of German rÃƒ-¼cken, the back, Dutch rug, Saxon hric or hryg, the back, a ridge, Welsh crug, a heap, crwg, a crook, Latin ruga, a wrinkle, rough.]

To draw up; to contract; as, to shrug the shoulders. The word seems to be limited in its use to the shoulders, and to denote a particular motion which raises the shoulders and rounds the back.

Shrug

SHRUG, verb intransitive To raise or draw up the shoulders, as in expressing horror or dissatisfaction.

They grin, they shrug,

They bow, they snarl, they scratch, they hug.

Swift.

Shrug

SHRUG, noun A drawing up of the shoulders; a motion usually expressing dislike.

The Spaniards talk in dialogues

Of heads and shoulders, nods and shrugs.

Hudibras.

Shrugging

SHRUG'GING, participle of the present tense Drawing up, as the shoulders.

Shrunk

SHRUNK, pret. and participle passive of shrink.

Shrunken

SHRUNK'EN, participle passive of shrink. [Nearly obsolete.]

Shudder

SHUD'DER, verb intransitive [German schaudern, schÃƒ-¼tteln; Dutch schudden. This word contains the same elements as the Latin quatio.]

To quake; to tremble or shake with fear, horror or aversion; to shiver.

I loveÃ‚--alas! I shudder at the name.

Smith.

Shudder

SHUD'DER, noun A tremor; a shaking with fear or horror.

Shak.

Shuddering

SHUD'DERING, participle of the present tense Trembling or shaking with fear or horror; quaking.

Shuffle

SHUF'FLE, verb transitive [Dutch schoffelen, to shove, to shovel, to shuffle; dim. of shove. See Shove and Scuffle.]

1. Properly, to shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as, to shuffle money from hand to hand.

Locke.

2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into disorder; especially, to change the relative positions of cards in the pack.

A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to midnight, without tracing a new idea in his mind.

Rambler.

3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion.

It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that were seized.

Dryden.

To shuffle off, to push off; to rid one's self of. When you lay blame to a child, he will attempt to shuffle it off.

To shuffle up, to throw together in haste; to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he shuffled up a peace.

Howell.

Shuffle

SHUF'FLE, verb intransitive To change the relative position of cards in a pack by little shoves; as, to shuffle and cut.

2. To change the position; to shift ground; to prevaricate; to evade fair questions; to practice shifts to elude detection.

Hiding my honor in my necessity, I am fain to shuffle.

Shak.

3. To struggle; to shift.

Your life, good master,

Must shuffle for itself.

Shak.

4. To move with an irregular gait; as a shuffling nag.

5. To shove the feet; to scrape the floor in dancing. [Vulgar.]

Shak.

Shuffle

SHUF'FLE, noun A shoving, pushing or jostling; the act of mixing and throwing into confusion by change of places.

The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of matter.

Bentley.

2. An evasion; a trick; an artifice.

L'Estrange.

Shuffle-Board

SHUF'FLE-BOARD, the old spelling of shovel-board.

Shuffle-Cap

SHUF'FLE-CAP, noun A play performed by shaking money in a hat or cap.

Arbuthnot.

Shuffled

SHUF'FLED, participle passive Moved by little shoves; mixed.

Shuffler

SHUF'FLER, noun One that shuffles or prevaricates; one that plays tricks; one that shuffles cards.

Shuffling

SHUF'FLING, participle of the present tense Moving by little shoves one way and the other; changing the places of cards; prevaricating; evading; playing tricks.

2. adjective Evasive; as a shuffling excuse.

Shuffling

SHUF'FLING, noun The act of throwing into confusion, or of changing the relative position of things by shoving or motion.

2. Trick; artifice; evasion.

3. An irregular gait.

Shufflingly

SHUF'FLINGLY, adverb With shuffling; with an irregular gait or pace.

Dryden.

Shun

SHUN, verb transitive [Saxon scunian, ascunian; allied perhaps to Dutch schuinen, to slope.]

1. To avoid; to keep clear of; not to fall on or come in contact with; as, to shun rocks and shoals in navigation. In shunning Scylla, take care to avoid Charybdis.

2. To avoid; not to mix or associate with; as, to shun evil company.

3. To avoid; not to practice; as, to shun vice.

4. To avoid; to escape; as, to shun a blow.

5. To avoid; to decline; to neglect.

I have not shunned to declare the whole counsel of God. Acts 20.

Shunless

SHUN'LESS, adjective Not to be avoided; inevitable; unavoidable; as shunless destiny. [Little used.]

Shak.

Shunned

SHUN'NED, participle passive Avoided.

Shunning

SHUN'NING, participle of the present tense Avoiding; keeping clear from; declining.

Shurk

SHURK. [See Shark.]

Shut

SHUT, verb transitive pret. and pp. shut. [Saxon scittan, scyttan, to bolt or make fast, to shut in. This seems to be derived from or connected with scyttel, a bolt or bar, a scuttle, scytta, a shooter, an archer, scytan, sceotan, scotian, to shoot, Dutch schutten, to stop, defend, parry, pound, confine, which seems to be allied to schutter, a shooter. So in German schÃƒ-¼tzen, to defend, and schÃƒ-¼tze, a shooter; Danish skytter, to defend; skytte, a shooter; Swedish skydda, to defend; skytt, a marksman. The sense of these words is expressed by shoot, and this is the primary sense of a bolt that fastens, from thrusting, driving.]

1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or gate; to shut the eyes or the mouth.

2. To prohibit; to bar; to forbid entrance into; as, to shut the ports of a kingdom by a blockade.

Shall that be shut to man, which to the beast Is open?

Milton.

3. To preclude; to exclude.

But shut from every shore.

Dryden.

4. To close, as the fingers; to contract; as, to shut the hand.

To shut in, to inclose; to confine.

And the Lord shut him in. Genesis 7.

2. Spoken of points of land, when by the progress of a ship, one point is brought to cover or intercept the view of another. It is then said, we shut in such a point, we shut in the land; or one point shuts in another.

To shut out, to preclude from entering; to deny admission to; to exclude; as, to shut out rain by a tight roof. An interesting subject occupying the mind, shuts out all other thoughts.

To shut up, to close; to make fast the entrances into; as, to shut up a house.

2. To obstruct.

Dangerous rocks shut up the passage.

Raleigh.

3. To confine; to imprison; to lock or fasten in; as, to shut up a prisoner.

4. To confine by legal or moral restraint.

Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up to the faith, which should afterwards be revealed. Galatians 3.

5. To end; to terminate; to conclude.

When the scene of life is shut up, the slave will be above his master, if he has acted better.

Collier.

Shut

SHUT, verb intransitive To close itself; to be closed. The door shuts of itself; it shuts hard. Certain flowers shut at night and open in the day.

Shut

SHUT, participle passive Closed; having the entrance barred.

2. adjective Rid; clear; free.

L'Estrange.

Shut

SHUT, noun Close; the act of closing; as the shut of a door; the shut of evening. [Little used.]

Dryden.

2. A small door or cover. But shutter is more generally used.

Shutter

SHUT'TER, noun A person that shuts or closes.

2. A door; a cover; something that closes a passage; as the shutters of a window.

Shutting

SHUT'TING, participle of the present tense Closing; prohibiting entrance; confining.

Shuttle

SHUT'TLE, noun [from the root of shoot; Icelandic skutul.]

An instrument used by weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads of the warp.

Shuttle-Cock

SHUT'TLE-COCK, noun [shuttle and cock or cork.]

A cork stuck with fethers, used to be struck by a battledore in play; also, the play.

Shy

SHY, adjective [German scheu, shy; scheuchen, to scare, and scheuen, to shun; Dutch schuw, shy; schuwen, to shun; Swedish skygg, shy, and sky, to shun; Danish sky, shy, and skyer, to shun, to eschew. In Spanish esquivo is shy, and esquivar, to shun; Italian schifo, shy, and schifare, to shun. The two last mentioned languages have a labial for the last radical, but possibly the words may be of the same family. The German scheuchen, to scare, is our shoo, a word used for scaring away fowls.]

1. Fearful of near approach; keeping at a distance through caution or timidity; shunning approach; as a shy bird.

She is represented in a shy retiring posture.

Addison.

2. Reserved; not familiar; coy; avoiding freedom of intercourse.

What makes you so shy, my good friend?

Arbuthnot.

3. Cautious; wary; careful to avoid committing one's self or adopting measures.

I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the preparation of medicines.

Boyle.

4. Suspicious; jealous.

Princes are by wisdom of state somewhat shy of their successors.

Wotton.

Shyly

SHY'LY, adverb In a shy or timid manner; not familiarly; with reserve.

Shyness

SHY'NESS, noun Fear of near approach or of familiarity; reserve; coyness.

Sialogogue

SIALOGOGUE, n. sial'ogog. [Greek, saliva, and, leading.]

A medicine that promotes the salivary discharge.

Encyc.

Sib

SIB, a relation, in Saxon, but not in use in English.

Siberian

SIBE'RIAN, adjective [Russian siver, north. Siberia is formed by annexing the Greek ia, country, from the Celtic, to siver, north.]

Pertaining to Siberia, a name given to a great and indefinite extent of territory in the north of Asia; as a Siberian winter.

Siberite

SIB'ERITE, noun Red tourmalin.

Ure.

Sibilant

SIB'ILANT, adjective [Latin sibilo, to hiss, French siffler; Russian soplyu, sopyu, id.]

Hissing; making a hissing sound. S and z are called sibilant letters.

Sibilant

SIB'ILANT, noun A letter that is uttered with a hissing of the voice; as s and z.

Sibilation

SIBILA'TION, noun A hissing sound.

Bacon.

Sibyl

SIB'YL, noun [from the Latin] In pagan antiquity, the Sibyls were certain women said to be endowed with a prophetic spirit. Their number is variously stated; but the opinion of Varro, who states them to have been ten, is generally adopted. They resided in various parts of Persia, Greece and Italy. It is presented that they wrote certain prophecies on leaves in verse, which are called Sibylline verses, or Sibylline oracles.

Lempriere.

Sibylline

SIB'YLLINE, adjective Pertaining to the Sibyls; uttered, written or composed by Sibyls.

Sicamore

SIC'AMORE, noun More usually written sycamore, which see.

Siccate

SIC'CATE, verb transitive To dry. [Not in use.]

Siccation

SICCA'TION, noun The act or process of drying. [Not in use.]

Siccative

SIC'CATIVE, adjective [from Latin sicco, to dry, French secher, Italian seccare, Spanish secar, Welsh syÃƒ-§u.] Drying; causing to dry.

Encyc.

Siccative

SIC'CATIVE, noun That which promotes the process of drying.

Siccity

SIC'CITY, noun [Latin siccitas.] Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture; as the siccity of the flesh or of the air.

Brown.

Sice

SICE, n. size. [French six.] The number six at dice.

Sich

SICH, for such. [See Such.]

Chaucer.

Sick

SICK, adjective [Saxon seoc; Dutch ziek; Swedish siuk; Icelandic syke. Qu. Greek, squeamish, lothing.]

1. Affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; as sick at the stomach. [This is probably the primary sense of the word.] Hence,

2. Disgusted; having a strong dislike to; with of; as, to be sick of flattery; to be sick of a country life.

He was not so sick of his master as of his work.

L'Estrange.

3. Affected with disease of any kind; not in health; followed by of; as to be sick of a fever.

4. Corrupted. [Not in use nor proper.]

Shak.

5. The sick, the person or persons affected with disease. The sick are healed.

Sick

SICK, verb transitive To make sick. [Not in use. See Sicken.]

Sick-Birth

SICK'-BIRTH, noun In a ship of war, an apartment for the sick.

Sicken

SICKEN, v. t. sik'n. To make sick; to disease.

Raise this to strength, and sicken that to death.

Prior.

2. To make squeamish. It sickens the stomach.

3. To disgust. It sickens one to hear the fawning sycophant.

4. To impair. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sicken

SICK'EN, verb intransitive To become sick; to fall into disease.

The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that attended, sickened upon it and died.

Bacon.

2. To be satiated; to be filled to disgust.

Shak.

3. To become disgusting or tedious.

The toiling pleasure sickens into pain.

Goldsmith.

4. To be disgusted; to be filled with aversion or abhorrence. He sickened at the sight of so much human misery.

5. To become weak; to decay; to languish. Plants often sicken and die.

All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink.

Pope.

Sicker

SICK'ER, adjective [Latin securus; Danish sikker; German sicher; Dutch zeker.] Sure; certain; firm. Obs.

Spenser.

Sicker

SICK'ER, adverb Surely; certainly. Obs.

Spenser.

Sickerly

SICK'ERLY, adverb Surely. Obs.

Sickerness

SICK'ERNESS, noun Security. Obs.

Spenser.

Sickish

SICK'ISH, adjective [from sick.] Somewhat sick or diseased.

Hakewill.

2. Exciting disgust; nauseating; as a sickish taste.

Sickishness

SICK'ISHNESS, noun The quality of exciting disgust.

Sickle

SICKLE, n. sik'l. [Saxon sicel, sicol; German sichel; Dutch zikkel; Greek,; Latin sicula, from the root of seco, to cut.]

A reaping hook; a hooked instrument with teeth; used for cutting grain.

Thou shalt not move a sickle to thy neighbor's standing corn. Deuteronomy 23.

Sickled

SICK'LED, adjective Furnished with a sickle.

Thomson.

Sickleman

SICK'LEMAN, or SICK'LER, noun One that uses a sickle; a reaper. [Not used in N. England.]

Shak.

Sickle-Wort

SICK'LE-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Coronilla.

Sickliness

SICK'LINESS, noun [from sickly.] The state of being sickly; the state of being habitually diseased; applied to persons.

2. The state of producing sickness extensively; as the sickliness of a season.

3. The disposition to generate disease extensively; as the sickliness of a climate.

Sick-List

SICK'-LIST, noun A list containing the names of the sick.

Sickly

SICK'LY, adjective Not healthy; somewhat affected with disease; or habitually indisposed; as a sickly person, or a sickly constitution; a sickly plant.

2. Producing disease extensively; marked with sickness; as a sickly time; a sickly autumn.

3. Tending to produce disease; as a sickly climate.

4. Faint; weak; languid.

The moon grows sickly at the sight of day.

Dryden.

Sickly

SICK'LY, verb transitive To make diseased. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sickness

SICK'NESS, noun [German sucht.] Nausea; squeamishness; as sickness of the stomach.

2. State of being diseased.

I do lament the sickness of the king.

Shak.

3. Disease; malady; a morbid state of the body of an animal or plant, in which the organs do not perfectly perform their natural functions.

Trust not too much your now resistless charms;

Those age or sickness soon or late disarms.

Pope.

Himself took our infirmities, and bore our sicknesses. Matthew 8.

Side

SIDE, noun [Saxon sid, side, sida, a side, also wide, like Latin latus; Dutch zyde, side, flank, page; zid, far; German seite; Swedish sida; Danish side, a side; sid or siid, long, trailing; sidst, last; Scot. side, long. These words indicate the radical sense to be to extend, dilate or draw out.]

1. The broad and long part or surface of a thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less extent and may be a point; as the side of a plank; the side of a chest; the side of a house or of a ship. One side of a lens may be concave, the other convex.

Side is distinguished from edge; as the side of a knife or sword.

2. Margin; edge; verge; border; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length; as the side of a tract of land or a field, as distinct from the end. Hence we say, the side of a river; the side of a road; the east and west side of the American continent.

3. The part of an animal between the back and the face and belly; the part on which the ribs are situated; as the right side; the left side. This in quadrupeds is usually the broadest part.

4. The part between the top and bottom; the slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill or mountain; as the side of mount Etna.

5. One part of a thing, or its superficies; as the side of a ball or sphere.

6. Any part considered in respect to its direction or point of compass; as to whichever side we direct our view. We see difficulties on every side.

7. Party; faction; sect; any man or body of men considered as in opposition to another. One man enlists on the side of the tories; another on the side of the whigs. Some persons change sides for the sake of popularity and office, and sink themselves in public estimation.

And sets the passions on the side of truth.

Pope.

8. Interest; favor.

The Lord is on my side. Psalm 118.

9. Any part being in opposition or contradistinction to another; used of persons or propositions. In that battle, the slaughter was great on both sides. Passion invites on one side; reason restrains on the other.

Open justice bends on neither side.

Dryden.

10. Branch of a family; separate line of descent; as, by the father's side he is descended from a noble family; by the mother's side his birth is respectable.

11. Quarter; region; part; as from one side of heaven to the other.

To take sides, to embrace the opinions or attach one's self to the interest of a party when in opposition to another.

To choose sides, to select parties for competition in exercises of any kind.

Side

SIDE, adjective Lateral; as a side post; but perhaps it would be better to consider the word as compound.

2. Being on the side, or toward the side; oblique; indirect.

The law hath no side respect to their persons.

Hooker.

One mighty squadron with a side wind sped.

Dryden.

So we say, a side view, a side blow.

Bentley. Pope.

3. Long; large; extensive. Obs.

Shak.

Side

SIDE, verb intransitive To lean on one side. [Little used.]

Bacon.

2. To embrace the opinions of one party or engage in its interest, when opposed to another party; as, to side with the ministerial party.

All side in parties and begin th' attack.

Pope.

Side

SIDE, verb transitive To stand at the side of. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. To suit; to pair. [Not in use.]

Clarendon.

Sideboard

SI'DEBOARD, noun [side and board.] A piece of furniture or cabinet work consisting of a table or box with drawers or cells, placed at the side of a room or in a recess, and used to hold dining utensils, &c.

Side-Box

SI'DE-BOX, noun [side and box.] A box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater, distinct from the seats in the pit.

Side-Fly

SI'DE-FLY, noun An insect.

Derham.

Sideling

SI'DELING, adverb [from sidle; Dutch zydelings.]

1. Sidewise; with the side foremost; as, to go sideling through a crowd. It may be used as a participle; as, I saw him sideling through the crowd.

2. Sloping.

Sidelong

SI'DELONG, adjective [side and long.] Lateral; oblique; not directly in front; as a sidelong glance.

Dryden.

Sidelong

SI'DELONG, adverb Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.

Milton.

2. On the side; as, to lay a thing sidelong.

Evelyn.

Sider

SI'DER, noun One that takes a side or joins a party.

2. Cider. [Not in use.]

Sideral

SID'ERAL, or SIDE'REAL, adjective [Latin sideralis, from sidus, a star.] Pertaining to a star or stars; astral; as sideral light.

2. Containing stars; starry; as sidereal regions.

Sidereal year, in astronomy, the period in which the fixed stars apparently complete a revolution and come to the same point in the heavens.

Siderated

SID'ERATED, adjective [Latin sideratus.] Blasted; planet-struck.

Brown.

Sideration

SIDERA'TION, noun [Latin sideratio; sidero, to blast, from sidus, a star.]

A blasting or blast in plants; a sudden deprivation of sense; an apoplexy; a slight erysipelas. [Not much used.]

Ray. Coxe.

A sphacelus, or a species of erysipelas, vulgarly called a blast.

Parr.

Siderite

SID'ERITE, noun [Latin sideritis; Greek id. from, iron.]

1. The loadstone; also, iron-wort, a genus of plants; also, the common ground pine (Teucrium chamoepitys, Linne.)

Coxe. Encyc. Parr.

2. In mineralogy, a phosphate of iron.

Lavoisier. Fourcroy.

Siderocalcite

SIDEROCAL'CITE, noun Brown spar.

Ure.

Sideroclepte

SIDEROCLEP'TE, noun A mineral of a yellowish green color, soft and translucid, occurring in reniform or botryoidal masses.

Saussure.

Siderographic

SIDEROGRAPH'IC, or SIDEROGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [See Siderography.] Pertaining to siderography, or performed by engraved plates of steel; as siderographic art; siderographic impressions.

Siderographist

SIDEROG'RAPHIST, noun One who engraves steel plates, or performs work by means of such plates.

Siderography

SIDEROG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, steel or iron, and, to engrave.]

The art or practice of engraving on steel, by means of which, impressions may be transferred from a steel plate to a steel cylinder in a rolling press of a particular construction.

Perkins.

Side-Saddle

SI'DE-SADDLE, noun [side and saddle.] A saddle for a woman's seat on horseback.

Side-Saddle Flower

SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER, noun A species of Sarracenia.

Sidesman

SI'DESMAN, noun [side and man.] An assistant to the church warden.

2. A party man.

Milton.

Sidetaking

SI'DETAKING, noun A taking sides, or engaging in a party.

Hall.

Sideways

SI'DEWAYS, or SI'DEWISE, adverb [side and way; but sidewise is the proper combination.]

1. Towards one side; inclining; as, to hold the head sidewise.

2. Laterally; on one side; as the refraction of light sidewise.

Newton.

Siding

SI'DING, participle of the present tense Joining one side or party.

Siding

SI'DING, noun The attaching of one's self to a party.

Sidle

SI'DLE, verb intransitive To go or move side foremost; as, to sidle through a crowd.

2. To lie on the side.

Swift.

Siege

SIEGE, noun [French siÃƒ-©ge, a seat, a siege, the see of a bishop; Norm. sage, a seat; Italian seggia, seggio; Armoric sich, sicha, sichenn. The radical sense is to set, to fall or to throw down; Saxon sigan, to fall, set or rush down. These words seem to be connected with sink, and with the root of seal, Latin sigillum.]

1. The setting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; or the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. A siege differs from a blockade, as in a siege the investing army approaches the fortified place to attack and reduce it by force; but in a blockade, the army secures all the avenues to the place to intercept all supplies, and waits till famine compels the garrison to surrender.

2. Any continued endeavor to gain possession.

Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast.

Dryden.

3. Seat; throne. Obs.

Spenser.

4. Rank; place; class. Obs.

Shak.

5. Stool. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Siege

SIEGE, verb transitive To besiege. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sienite

SI'ENITE, noun A compound granular rock composed of quartz, hornblend and feldspar, of a grayish color; so called, because there are many ancient monuments consisting of this rock, brought from Syene, in Upper Egypt.

Lunier.

Sieur

SIEUR, noun [French] A title of respect used by the French.

Sieve

SIEVE, n. siv. [Saxon sife, syfe; German sieb; Dutch zeef, zift; the sifter. See Sift.]

An utensil for separating flour from bran, or the fine part of any pulverized or fine substance from the coarse, by the hand; as a fine sieve; a coarse sieve. It consists of a hoop with a hair bottom, and performs in the family the service of a bolter in a mill.

Sift

SIFT, verb transitive [Saxon siftan; German sieben; Dutch ziften.]

1. To separate by a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.

2. To separate; to part.

Dryden.

3. To examine minutely or critically; to scrutinize. Let the principles of the party be thoroughly sifted.

We have sifted your objections.

Hooker.

Sifted

SIFT'ED, participle passive Separated by a sieve; purified from the coarser parts; critically examined.

Sifter

SIFT'ER, noun One that sifts; that which sifts; a sieve.

Sifting

SIFT'ING, participle of the present tense Separating the finer from the coarser part by a sieve; critically examining.

Sig

SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory, is used in names, as in Sigbert, bright victory. It answers to the Greek in Nicander, and the Latin vic, in Victorinus.

Sigh

SIGH, verb intransitive [Saxon sican, to sigh; Dutch zugt, a sigh; zugten, to sigh; Danish sukker; Swedish sucka; allied perhaps to suck, a drawing in of the breath.]

To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual and immediately expel it; to suffer a single deep respiration.

He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark 8.

Sigh

SIGH, verb transitive To lament; to mourn.

Ages to come and men unborn

Shall bless her name and sigh her fate.

Prior.

2. To express by sighs.

The gentle swainÃ‚--sighs back her grief.

Hoole.

Sigh

SIGH, noun A single deep respiration; a long breath; the inhaling of a larger quantity of air than usual, and the sudden emission of it. This is an effort of nature to dilate the lungs and give vigor to the circulation of the blood, when the action of the heart and arteries is languid from grief, depression of spirits, weakness or want of exercise. Hence sighs are indications of grief or debility.

Sigher

SIGHER, noun One that sighs.

Sighing

SIGHING, participle of the present tense Suffering a deep respiration; taking a long breath.

Sighing

SIGHING, noun The act of suffering a deep respiration, or taking a long breath.

Sight

SIGHT, noun [Saxon gesiht, with a prefix; Dutch gezigt; German sicht; Danish sigt; Swedish sickt; from the root of see.]

1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view; as, to gain sight of land; to have a sight of a landscape; to lose sight of a ship at sea.

A cloud received him out of their sight. Acts 1.

2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes. It has been doubted whether moles have

sight. Milton lost his sight. The sight usually fails at or before fifty years of age.

O loss of sight, of thee I most complain.

Milton.

3. Open view; the state of admitting unobstructed vision; a being within the limits of vision. The harbor is in sight of the town. The shore of Long Island is in sight of New Haven. The White mountain is in plain sight at Portland, in Maine; a mountain is or is not within sight; an engagement at sea is within sight of land.

4. Notice from seeing; knowledge; as a letter intended for the sight of one person only.

5. Eye; the instrument of seeing.

From the depth of hell they lift their sight.

Dryden.

6. An aperture through which objects are to be seen; or something to direct the vision; as the sight of a quadrant; the sight of a fowling piece or a rifle.

7. That which is beheld; a spectacle; a show; particularly, something novel and remarkable; something wonderful.

They never saw a sight so fair.

Spenser.

Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great sight, why the bush is not burned. Exodus 3.

Fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven. Luke 21.

To take sight, to take aim; to look for the purpose of directing a piece of artillery, &c.

Sighted

SIGHTED, adjective In composition only, having sight, or seeing in a particular manner; as long-sighted, seeing at a great distance; short-sighted, able to see only at a small distance; quick-sighted, readily seeing, discerning or understanding; sharp-sighted, having a keen eye or acute discernment.

Sightfulness

SIGHTFULNESS, noun Clearness of sight. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

Sightless

SIGHTLESS, adjective Wanting sight; blind.

Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar.

Pope.

2. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; as sightless stains. [Not well authorized.]

Shak.

Sightliness

SIGHTLINESS, noun Comely; having an appearance pleasing to the sight.

Sightly

SIGHTLY, adjective Pleasing to the eye; striking to the view.

Many brave sightly horsesÃ‚--

L'Estrange.

We have thirty members, the most sightly of all her majesty's subjects.

Addison.

2. Open to the view; that may be seen from a distance. We say, a house stands in a sightly place.

Sightsman

SIGHTSMAN, noun Among musicians, one who reads music readily at first sight.

Busby.

Sigil

SIG'IL, noun [Latin sigillum.] A seal; signature.

Dryden.

Sigmoidal

SIGMOID'AL, adjective [Greek and.] Curved like the Greek sigma.

Smith. Bigelow.

The sigmoid flexure, in anatomy, is the last curve of the colon, before it terminates in the rectum.

Parr.

Sign

SIGN, n. sine. [French signe; Italian segno; Spanish seÃƒ-±a; Latin signum; Saxon segen; Armoric sygn, syn; Irish sighin; German zeichen; Sanscrit zaga. From the last three words it appears that n is not radical; the elements being Sg. If so, and the German zeichen is of this family, then we learn that sign is only a dialectical orthography of token, for zeichen is the Dutch teeken, Danish tegn, Swedish tecken, coinciding perhaps with Greek.]

1. A token; something by which another thing is shown or represented; any visible thing, any motion, appearance or event which indicates the existence or approach of something else. Thus we speak of signs of fair weather or of a storm, and of external marks which are signs of a good constitution.

2. A motion, action, nod or gesture indicating a wish or command.

They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. Luke 1.

3. A wonder; a miracle; a prodigy; a remarkable transaction, event or phenomenon.

Through mighty signs and wonders. Romans 15. Luke 21.

4. Some visible transaction, event or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something else; hence, proof; evidence by sight.

Show me a sign that thou talkest with me. Judges 6.

5. Something hung or set near a house or over a door, to give notice of the tenant's occupation, or what is made or sold within; as a trader's sign; a tailor's sign; the sign of the eagle.

6. A memorial or monument; something to preserve the memory of a thing.

What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. Numbers 26.

7. Visible mark or representation; as an outward sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

8. A mark of distinction.

9. Typical representation.

The holy symbols or signs are not barely significative.

Brerewood.

10. In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic. The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named respectively, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces. These names are borrowed from the constellations of the zodiac of the same denomination, which were respectively comprehended within the foregoing equal divisions of the ecliptic, at the time when those divisions were first made; but on account of the precession of the equinoxes, the positions of these constellations in the heavens no longer correspond with the divisions of the ecliptic of the same name, but are considerably in advance of them. Thus the constellation Aries, is now in that part of the ecliptic called Taurus.

11. In algebra, a character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed by them; as the sign + plus prefixed to a quantity, indicates that the quantity is to be added; the sign Ã‚-- minus, denotes that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted. The former is prefixed to quantities called affirmative or positive; the latter to quantities called negative.

12. The subscription of one's name; signature; as a sign manual.

13. Among physicians, an appearance or symptom in the human body, which indicates its condition as to health or disease.

14. In music, any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, &c.

Sign

SIGN, v. t. sine. To mark with characters or one's name. To sign a paper, note, deed, &c. is to write one's name at the foot, or underneath the declaration, promise, covenant, grant, &c., by which the person makes it his own act. To sign one's name, is to write or subscribe it on the paper. Signing does not now include sealing.

2. To signify; to represent typically. [Not in use.]

Taylor.

3. To mark.

Sign

SIGN, verb intransitive To be a sign or omen. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Signal

SIG'NAL, noun [French signal; Spanish seÃƒ-±al; from Latin signum.]

A sign that gives or is intended to give notice; or the notice given. Signals are used to communicate notice, information, orders and the like, to persons at a distance, and by any persons and for any purpose. A signal may be a motion of the hand, the raising of a flag, the firing of a gun, or any thing which, being understood by persons at a distance, may communicate notice.

Signals are particularly useful in the navigation of fleets and in naval engagements. There are day-signals, which are usually made by the sails, by flags and pendants, or guns; night-signals, which are lanterns disposed in certain figures, or false fires, rockets, or the firing of guns; fog-signals, which are made by sounds, as firing of guns, beating of drums, ringing of bells, &c. There are signals of evolution, addressed to a whole fleet, to a division or to a squadron; signals of movements to particular ships; and signals of service, general or particular. Signals used in an army are mostly made by a particular beat of the drum, or by the bugle.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

Signal

SIG'NAL, adjective Eminent; remarkable; memorable; distinguished from what is ordinary; as a signal exploit; a signal service; a signal act of benevolence. It is generally but not always used in a good sense.

Signality

SIGNAL'ITY, noun Quality of being signal or remarkable. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Signalize

SIG'NALIZE, verb transitive [from signal.] To make remarkable or eminent; to render distinguished from what is common. The soldier who signalizes himself in battle, merits his country's gratitude. Men may signalize themselves, their valor or their talents.

Signalized

SIG'NALIZED, participle passive Made eminent.

Signalizing

SIG'NALIZING, participle of the present tense Making remarkable.

Signally

SIG'NALLY, adverb Eminently; remarkably; memorably; in a distinguished manner.

Signation

SIGNA'TION, noun Sign given; act of betokening. [Not in use.]

Signatory

SIG'NATORY, adjective Relating to a seal; used in sealing.

Dict.

Signature

SIG'NATURE, noun [French from Latin signo, to sign.]

1. A sign, stamp or mark impressed.

The brain being well furnished with various traces, signatures and imagesÃ‚--

Watts.

The natural and indelible signature of God, stamped on the human soul.

Bentley.

2. In old medical writers, an external mark or character on a plant, which was supposed to indicate its suitableness to cure particular diseases, or diseases of particular parts. Thus plants with yellow flowers were supposed to be adapted to the cure of the jaundice, &c.

Some plants bear a very evident signature of their nature and use.

More.

3. A mark for proof, or proof from marks.

4. Sign manual; the name of a person written or subscribed by himself.

5. Among printers, a letter or figure at the bottom of the first page of a sheet or half sheet, by which the sheets are distinguished and their order designated, as a direction to the binder. Every successive sheet has a different letter or figure, and if the sheets are more numerous than the letters of the alphabet, then a small letter is added to the capital one; thus A a, B b. In large volumes, the signatures are sometimes composed of letters and figures; thus 5 A, 5 B. But some printers now use figures only for signatures.

6. In physiognomy, an external mark or feature by which some persons pretend to discover the nature and qualities of a thing, particularly the temper and genius of persons.

Signature

SIG'NATURE, verb transitive To mark; to distinguish. [Not in use.]

Cheyne.

Signaturist

SIG'NATURIST, noun One who holds to the doctrine of signatures impressed upon objects, indicative of character or qualities. [Little used.]

Brown.

Signer

SIGNER, noun One that signs or subscribes his name; as a memorial with a hundred signers.

Signet

SIG'NET, noun A seal; particularly in Great Britain, the seal used by the king in sealing his private letters, and grants that pass by bill under his majesty's hand.

Significance

SIGNIF'ICANCE, or SIGNIF'ICANCY, noun [from Latin significans. See Signify.]

1. Meaning; import; that which is intended to be expressed; as the significance of a nod, or of a motion of the hand, or of a word or expression.

Stillingfleet.

2. Force; energy; power of impressing the mind; as a duty enjoined with particular significance.

Atterbury.

3. Importance; moment; weight; consequence.

Many a circumstance of less significancy has been construed into an overt act of high treason.

Addison.

Significant

SIGNIF'ICANT, adjective [Latin significans.] Expressive of something beyond the external mark.

2. Bearing a meaning; expressing or containing signification or sense; as a significant word or sound; a significant look.

3. Betokening something; standing as a sign of something.

It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were significant, but not efficient.

Raleigh.

4. Expressive or representative of some fact or event. The passover among the Jews was significant of the escape of the Israelites from the destruction which fell on the Egyptians. The bread and wine in the sacrament are significant of the body and blood of Christ.

5. Important; momentous. [Not in use.]

Significantly

SIGNIF'ICANTLY, adverb With meaning.

2. With force of expression.

South.

Signification

SIGNIFICA'TION, noun [French from Latin significatio. See Signify.]

1. The act of making known, or of communicating ideas to another by signs or by words, by any thing that is understood, particularly by words.

All speaking, or signification of one's mind, implies an act or address of one man to another.

South.

2. Meaning; that which is understood to be intended by a sign, character, mark or word; that idea or sense of a sign, mark, word or expression which the person using it intends to convey, or that which men in general who use it, understand it to convey. The signification of words was originally arbitrary, and is dependent on usage. But when custom has annexed a certain sense to a letter or sound, or to a combination of letters or sounds, this sense is always to be considered the signification which the person using the word intends to communicate.

So by custom, certain signs or gestures have a determinate signification. Such is the fact also with figures, algebraic characters, &c.

Significative

SIGNIF'ICATIVE, adjective [French significatif.]

1. Betokening or representing by an external sign; as the significative symbols of the eucharist.

Brerewood.

2. Having signification or meaning; expressive of a certain idea or thing.

Neither in the degrees of kindred were they destitute of significative words.

Camden.

Significatively

SIGNIF'ICATIVELY, adverb So as to represent or express by an external sign.

Usher.

Significator

SIGNIFICA'TOR, noun That which signifies.

Burton.

Significatory

SIGNIF'ICATORY, noun That which betokens, signifies or represents.

Taylor.

Signify

SIG'NIFY, verb transitive [French signifier; Latin significo; signum, a sign, and facio, to make.]

1. To make known something, either by signs or words; to express or communicate to another any idea, thought, wish, purpose or command, either by words, by a nod, wink, gesture, signal or other sign. A man signifies his mind by his voice or by written characters; he may signify his mind by a nod or other motion, provided the person to whom he directs it, understands what is intended by it. A general or an admiral signifies his commands by signals to officers at a distance.

2. To mean; to have or contain a certain sense. The word sabbath signifies rest. Less, in composition, as in faithless, signifies destitution or want. The prefix re, in recommend, seldom signifies any thing.

3. To import; to weigh; to have consequence; used in particular phrases; as, it signifies much or little; it signifies nothing. What does it signify? What signify the splendors of a court? Confession of sin without reformation of life, can signify nothing in the view of God.

4. To make known; to declare.

The government should signify to the protestants of Ireland, that want of silver is not to be remedied.

Swift.

Signify

SIG'NIFY, verb intransitive To express meaning with force. [Little used.]

Swift.

Signior

SIGNIOR, n. see'nyur. A title of respect among the Italians. [See Seignor.]

Signiorize

SIGNIORIZE, v. i. see'nyurize. To exercise dominion; or to have dominion. [Little used.]

Signiory

SIGNIORY, n. see'nyury. A different, but less common spelling of seigniory, which see. It signifies lordship, dominion, and in Shakspeare, seniority.

Sign-Post

SIGN-POST, noun [sign and post.] A post on which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice of any thing. By the laws of some of the New England states, a sign-post is to be erected near the center of each town.

Sik

SIK, or SIKE, adjective Such. Obs.

Spenser.

Siker

SIK'ER, adjective or adverb Sure; surely. Obs. [See Sicker.]

Sikerness

SIK'ERNESS, noun Sureness; safety. Obs.

Chaucer.

Silence

SI'LENCE, noun [French from Latin silentium, from sileo, to be still; Italian silenzio; Spanish silencio. The sense is to stop or hold; but this may proceed from setting, throwing down. See Sill.]

1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound or noise; as the silence of midnight.

2. In animals, the state of holding the peace; forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals.

I was dumb with silence; I held my peace, even from good. Psalm 39.

3. Habitual taciturnity; opposed to loquacity.

Shak.

4. Secrecy. These things were transacted in silence.

5. Stillness; calmness; quiet; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult; as the elements reduced to silence.

6. Absence of mention; oblivion.

Eternal silence be their doom.

Milton.

And what most merits fame, in silence hid.

Milton.

7. Silence, is used elliptically for let there be silence, an injunction to keep silence.

Silence

SI'LENCE, verb transitive To oblige to hold the peace; to restrain from noise or speaking.

2. To still; to quiet; to restrain; to appease.

This would silence all further opposition.

Clarendon.

These would have silenced their scruples.

Rogers.

3. To stop; as, to silence complaints or clamor.

4. To still; to cause to cease firing; as, to silence guns or a battery.

5. To restrain from preaching by revoking a license to preach; as, to silence a minister of the gospel.

U. States.

The Rev. Thomas Hooker, of Chelmsford in Essex, was silenced for non-conformity.

B. Trumbull.

6. To put an end to; to cause to cease.

The question between agriculture and commerce has received a decision which has silenced the rivalships between them.

Hamilton.

Silent

SI'LENT, adjective Not speaking; mute. Psalm 22.

2. Habitually taciturn; speaking little; not inclined to much talking; not loquacious.

Ulysses, he adds, was the most eloquent and the most silent of men.

Broome.

3. Still; having no noise; as the silent watches of the night; the silent groves; all was silent.

4. Not operative; wanting efficacy.

Raleigh.

5. Not mentioning; not proclaiming.

This new created world, of which in hell

Fame is not silent.

Milton.

6. Calm; as, the winds were silent.

Parnell.

7. Not acting; not transacting business in person; as a silent partner in a commercial house.

8. Not pronounced; having no sound; as, e is silent in fable.

Silentiary

SILEN'TIARY, noun One appointed to keep silence and order in court; one sworn not to divulge secrets of state.

Barrow.

Silently

SI'LENTLY, adverb Without speech or words.

Each silently

Demands thy grace, and seems to watch thy eye.

Dryden.

2. Without noise; as, to march silently.

3. Without mention. He mentioned other difficulties, but this he silently passed over.

Locke.

Silentness

SI'LENTNESS, noun State of being silent; stillness; silence.

Ash.

Silesia

SILESIA, n. sile'zha. A duchy or country now chiefly belonging to Prussia; hence, a species of linen cloth so called; thin coarse linen.

Silesian

SILESIAN, a. sile'zhan. Pertaining to Silesia; made in Silesia; as Silesian linen.

Silex

SI'LEX, or SIL'ICA, noun One of the supposed primitive earths, usually found in the state of stone. When pure, it is perfectly white or colorless. The purer sorts are mountain crystal and quartz. Recent experiments prove this to be a compound substance, the base of which is a metal called silicium. Silica then is an oxyd of silicium.

Ure.

Silice

SIL'ICE, or SIL'ICULE, or SIL'ICLE, noun [Latin silicula, a little husk.] In botany, a little pod or bivalvular pericarp, with seeds attached to both sutures.

Martyn.

Silicicalcarious

SILICICALCA'RIOUS, adjective [silex and calcarious.] Consisting of silex and calcarious matter.

Silicicalce

SILICICAL'CE, noun [Latin silex or silica and calx.]

A mineral of the silicious kind, occurring in amorphous masses; its color is gray or brown.

Cleaveland.

Siliciferous

SILICIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin silex and fero, to produce.] Producing silex; or united with a portion of silex.

Silicify

SIL'ICIFY, verb transitive [Latin silex, flint, and facio, to make.] To convert into silex.

The specimensÃ‚--found near Philadelphia, are completely silicified.

Say.

Silicify

SIL'ICIFY, verb intransitive To become silex.

Silicimurite

SILICIMU'RITE, noun [silex and muria, brine.] An earth composed of silex and magnesia.

Silicious

SILI'CIOUS, adjective Pertaining to silex, or partaking of its nature and qualities.

Silicited

SILIC'ITED, adjective Impregnated with silex.

Kirwan, Geol.

Silicium

SILIC'IUM, noun The undecomposed and perhaps undecomposable base of silex or silica.

Siliculous

SILIC'ULOUS, adjective Having silicles or little pods, or pertaining to them.

Siling-Dish

SIL'ING-DISH, noun [Danish siler, to strain.] A colander. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Siliqua

SIL'IQUA, noun [Latin] With gold finers, a carat, six of which make a scruple.

Johnson.

Siliqua

SIL'IQUA, or SIL'IQUE, noun [Latin siliqua.] A pod; an oblong, membranaceous, bivalvular pericarp, having the seeds fixed to both sutures.

Martyn.

Siliquose

SIL'IQUOSE, or SIL'IQUOUS, noun [Latin siliquosus.] Having that species of pericarp called silique; as siliquous plants.

Martyn.

Silk

SILK, noun [Saxon seolc; Swedish silke; Danish id.; Russian schilk; Arabic Pers. silk; properly any thread, from Arabic salaka, to send or thrust in, to insert, to pass or go.]

1. The fine soft thread produced by the insect called silk-worm or bombyx. That which we ordinarily call silk, is a thread composed of several finer threads which the worm draws from its bowels, like the web of a spider, and with which the silk-worm envelopes itself, forming what is called a cocoon.

Encyc.

2. Cloth made of silk. In this sense, the word has a plural, silks, denoting different sorts and varieties, as black silk, white silk, colored silks.

3. The filiform style of the female flower of maiz, which resembles real silk in fineness and softness.

Virginia silk, a plant of the genus Periploca, which climbs and winds about other plants, trees, &c.

Silk

SILK, adjective Pertaining to silk; consisting of silk.

Silk Cotton-Tree

SILK COTTON-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Bombax, growing to an immense size; a native of both the Indies.

Encyc.

Silken

SILKEN, a. silk'n. [Saxon seolcen.] Made of silk; as silken cloth; a silken vail.

2. Like silk; soft to the touch.

Dryden.

3. Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as mild and silken language.

4. Dressed in silk; as a silken wanton.

Shak.

Silken

SILKEN, v. t. silk'n. To render soft or smooth.

Dyer.

Silkiness

SILK'INESS, noun [from silky.] The qualities of silk; softness and smoothness to the feel.

2. Softness; effeminacy; pusillanimity. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Silkman

SILK'MAN, noun [silk and man.] A dealer in silks.

Shak.

Silk-Mercer

SILK'-MERCER, noun [silk and mercer.] A dealer in silks.

Silk-Weaver

SILK'-WEAVER, noun [silk and weaver.] One whose occupation is to weave silk stuffs.

Watts.

Silk-Worm

SILK'-WORM, noun [silk and worm.] The worm which produces silk, of the genus Phalaena. Silk-worms are said to have been first introduced into the Roman empire from China, in the reign of Justinian.

Silky

SILK'Y, adjective Made of silk; consisting of silk.

2. Like silk; soft and smooth to the touch.

3. Pliant; yielding.

Shak.

Sill

SILL, noun [Saxon syl, syle, syll; French seuil; German schwelle; Welsh sail, syl or seiler, foundation; seiliaw, to found; Latin solum; allied to solid. The primary sense is probably to lay, set or throw down.]

1. Properly, the basis or foundation of a thing; appropriately, a piece of timber on which a building rests; the lowest timber of any structure; as the sills of a house, of a bridge, of a loom and the like.

2. The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshhold.

3. The timber or stone on which a window frame stands; or the lowest piece in a window frame.

4. The shaft or thill of a carriage. [Local.]

Grose.

Sillabub

SIL'LABUB, noun A liquor made by mixing wine or cider with milk, and thus forming a soft curd.

King.

Sillily

SIL'LILY, adverb [from silly.] In a silly manner; foolishly; without the exercise of good sense or judgment.

Dryden.

Sillimanite

SIL'LIMANITE, noun A mineral found at Saybrook in Connecticut, so named in honor of Prof. Silliman of Yale College. It occurs in long, slender, rhombic prisms, engaged in gneiss. Its color is dark gray and hair brown; luster shining upon the external planes, but brilliant and pseudometallic upon those produced by cleavage in a direction parallel with the longer diagonal of the prism. Hardness about the same with quartz. Specific gravity, 3.410.

Silliness

SIL'LINESS, noun Weakness of understanding; want of sound sense or judgment; simplicity; harmless folly.

L'Estrange.

Silly

SIL'LY, adjective [I have not found this word in any other language; but the Saxon asealcan signifies to be dull, inert, lazy. This corresponds with the Arabic kasela, to be stupid, Hebrew. This may be radically the same word, with a prefix. Class Sl. No. 26.]

1. Weak in intellect; foolish; witless; destitute of ordinary strength of mind; simple; as a silly man; a silly child

2. Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment; characterized by weakness or folly; unwise; as silly thoughts; silly actions; a silly scheme; writings stupid or silly.

Watts.

3. Weak; helpless.

After long stormsÃ‚--

With which my silly bark was toss'd. Obs.

Spenser.

Sillyhow

SIL'LYHOW, noun The membrane that covers the head of the fetus. [I believe not used.]

Brown.

Silt

SILT, noun [Swedish sylta, to pickle.] Saltness, or salt marsh or mud. [Not in use in America.]

Hale.

Silure

SILU'RE, or SILU'RUS, noun The sheat-fish; also, a name of the sturgeon.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Silvan

SIL'VAN, adjective [Latin silva, a wood or grove. It is also written sylvan.]

1. Pertaining to a wood or grove; inhabiting woods.

2. Woody; abounding with woods.

Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene.

Dryden.

Silvan

SIL'VAN, noun Another name of tellurium.

Werner.

Silver

SIL'VER, noun [Saxon seolfer, siluer; Gothic silubr; German silber; Dutch zilver; Swedish silfver; Danish sÃƒ-¶lv; Lapponic, sellowpe. Qu. Russian serebro; r for l.]

1. A metal of a white color and lively brilliancy. It has neither taste nor smell; its specific gravity is 10.552, according to Bergman, but according to Kirwan it is less. A cubic foot weighs about 660 lbs. Its ductility is little inferior to that of gold. It is harder and more elastic than tin or gold, but less so than copper, platina or iron. It is found native in thin plates or leaves, or in fine threads, or it is found mineralized by various substances. Great quantities of this metal are furnished by the mines of South America, and it is found in small quantities in Norway, Germany, Spain, the United States, &c.

Kirwan. Encyc.

2. Money; coin made of silver.

3. Any thing of soft splendor.

PallasÃ‚--piteous of her plaintive cries,

In slumber clos'd her silver-streaming eyes.

Pope.

Silver

SIL'VER, adjective Made of silver; as a silver cup.

2. White like silver; as silver hair.

Shak.

Others on silver lakes and rivers bath'd

Their downy breast.

Milton.

3. White, or pale; of a pale luster; as the silver moon.

4. Soft; as a silver voice or sound. [Italian, suono argentino.]

Spenser. Shak.

Silver

SIL'VER, verb transitive To cover superficially with a coat of silver; as, to silver a pin or a dialplate.

2. To foliate; to cover with tinfoil amalgamated with quicksilver; as, to silver glass.

3. To adorn with mild luster; to make smooth and bright.

And smiling calmness silver'd o'er the deep.

Pope.

4. To make hoary.

His head was silver'd o'er with age.

Gay.

Silver-Beater

SIL'VER-BEATER, noun [silver and beater.] One that foliates silver, or forms it into a leaf.

Silver-Bush

SIL'VER-BUSH, noun A plant, a species of Anthyllis.

Silvered

SIL'VERED, participle passive Covered with a thin coat of silver; rendered smooth and lustrous; made white or hoary.

Silver-Fir

SIL'VER-FIR, noun A species of fir.

Berkeley.

Silver-Fish

SIL'VER-FISH, noun A fish of the size of a small carp, having a white color, striped with silvery lines.

Silvering

SIL'VERING, participle of the present tense Covering the surface with a thin coat of silver; foliating; rendering mildly lustrous; rendering white.

Silvering

SIL'VERING, noun The art, operation or practice of covering the surface of any thing with silver; as the silvering of copper or brass.

Encyc.

Silverling

SIL'VERLING, noun A silver coin. Isaiah 7.

Silverly

SIL'VERLY, adverb With the appearance of silver.

Shak.

Silversmith

SIL'VERSMITH, noun [silver and smith.] One whose occupation is to work in silver, or in manufactures of which the precious metals form a part.

Silver-Thistle

SIL'VER-THISTLE, noun [silver and thistle.] A plant.

Silver-Tree

SIL'VER-TREE, noun A plant of the genus Protea.

Silver-Weed

SIL'VER-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Potentilla.

Silvery

SIL'VERY, adjective [from silver.] Like silver; having the appearance of silver; white; of a mild luster.

Of all the enamel'd race whose silvery wing

Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring.

Pope.

2. Besprinkled or covered with silver.

Simagre

SIM'AGRE, noun [French simagrÃƒ-©e.] Grimace. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Simar

SIM'AR, or SIMA'RE, noun [French simarre.] A woman's robe. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Similar

SIM'ILAR, adjective [French similaire; Italian simile; Spanish similar; Latin similis; Welsh heval, hevalyz; from mal, like, Greek. The Welsh mal signifies small, light, ground, bruised, smooth, allied to mill, Welsh malu, to grind. But I am not confident that these words are of one family.]

Like; resembling; having a like form or appearance. Similar may signify exactly alike, or having a general likeness, a likeness in the principal points. Things perfectly similar in their nature, must be of the same essence, or homogeneous; but we generally understand similar to denote a likeness that is not perfect. Many of the statutes of Connecticut are similar to the statutes of Massachusetts on the same subjects. The manners of the several states of New England are similar, the people being derived from common ancestors.

Similarity

SIMILAR'ITY, noun Likeness; resemblance; as a similarity of features. There is a great similarity in the features of the Laplanders and Samoiedes, but little similarity between the features of Europeans and the woolly haired Africans.

Similarly

SIM'ILARLY, adverb In like manner; with resemblance.

Reid.

Simile

SIMILE, n. sim'ily. [Latin] In rhetoric, similitude; a comparison of two things which, however different in other respects, have some strong point or points of resemblance; by which comparison, the character or qualities of a thing are illustrated or presented in an impressive light. Thus, the eloquence of Demosthenes was like a rapid torrent; that of Cicero, like a large stream that glides smoothly along with majestic tranquility.

Similitude

SIMIL'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin similitudo.]

1. Likeness; resemblance; likeness in nature, qualities or appearance; as similitude of substance.

Bacon.

Let us make man in our image, man

In our similitudeÃ‚--

Milton.

Fate some future bard shall join

In sad similitude of griefs to mine.

Pope.

2. Comparison; simile. [See Simile.]

Tasso, in his similitudes, never departed from the woods.

Dryden.

Similitudinary

SIMILITU'DINARY, adjective Denoting resemblance or comparison.

Coke.

Similor

SIM'ILOR, noun A name given to an alloy of red copper and zink, made in the best proportions to imitate silver and gold.

Encyc.

Simitar

SIMITAR. [See Cimeter.]

Simmer

SIM'MER, verb intransitive [Qu. Greek, to ferment.]

To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing. Simmering is incipient ebullition, when little bubbles are formed on the edge of the liquor, next to the vessel. These are occasioned by the escape of heat and vapor.

Simmering

SIM'MERING, participle of the present tense Boiling gently.

Simnel

SIM'NEL, noun [Danish simle; Swedish simla; German semmel.] A kind of sweet cake; a bun.

Simoniac

SIMO'NIAC, noun [French simoniaque. See Simony.]

One who buys or sells preferment in the church.

Ayliffe.

Simoniacal

SIMONI'ACAL, adjective Guilty of simony.

Spectator.

2. Consisting in simony, or the crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; as a simoniacal presentation.

Simoniacally

SIMONI'ACALLY, adverb With the guilt or offense of simony.

Simonious

SIMO'NIOUS, adjective Partaking of simony; given to simony.

Milton.

Simony

SIM'ONY, noun [from Simon Magus, who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy Spirit. Acts 8.]

The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; or the corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice for money or reward. By Stat. 31 Elizabeth, c. vi. severe penalties are enacted against this crime.

Simoom

SIMOOM', noun A hot suffocating wind, that blows occasionally in Africa and Arabia, generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains. Its approach is indicated by a redness in the air, and its fatal effects are to be avoided by falling on the face and holding the breath.

Encyc.

Simous

SI'MOUS, adjective [Latin simo, one with a flat nose, Greek.]

1. Having a very flat or snub nose, with the end turned up.

2. Concave; as the simous part of the liver.

Brown.

Simper

SIM'PER, verb intransitive To smile in a silly manner.

Shak.

Simper

SIM'PER, noun A smile with an air of silliness.

Addison.

Simpering

SIM'PERING, participle of the present tense Smiling foolishly.

Simpering

SIM'PERING, noun The act of smiling with an air of silliness.

Simperingly

SIM'PERINGLY, adverb With a silly smile.

Simple

SIM'PLE, adjective [French from Latin simplex; sine, without, and plex, plica, doubling, fold; Italian semplice.]

1. Single; consisting of one thing; uncompounded; unmingled; uncombined with any thing else; as a simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound.

Watts.

2. Plain; artless; not given to design, stratagem or duplicity; undesigning; sincere; harmless.

A simple husbandman in garments gray.

Hubberd.

3. Artless; unaffected; unconstrained; inartificial; plain.

In simple manners all the secret lies.

Young.

4. Unadorned; plain; as a simple style or narration; a simple dress.

5. Not complex or complicated; as a machine of simple construction.

6. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; silly.

The simple believeth every word; but the prudent looketh well to his going. Proverbs 14.

7. In botany, undivided, as a root, stem or spike; only one on a petiole, as a simple leaf; only one on a peduncle, as a simple flower; having only one set of rays, as an umbel; having only one row of leaflets, as a simple calyx; not plumose or fethered, as a pappus.

Martyn.

A simple body, in chimistry, is one that has not been decomposed, or separated into two or more bodies.

Simple

SIM'PLE, noun Something not mixed or compounded. In the materia medica, the general denomination of an herb or plant, as each vegetable is supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple remedy.

Encyc. Dryden.

Simple

SIM'PLE, verb intransitive To gather simples or plants. As simpling on the flowery hills he stray'd.

Garth.

Simple-Minded

SIMPLE-MINDED, adjective Artless; undesigning; unsuspecting.

Blackstone.

Simpleness

SIM'PLENESS, noun The state or quality of being simple, single or uncompounded; as the simpleness of the elements.

Digby.

2. Artlessness; simplicity.

3. Weakness of intellect.

Simpler

SIM'PLER, noun One that collects simples; an herbalist; a simplist.

Simpless

SIMPLESS, for simplicity or silliness, is not in use.

Spenser.

Simpleton

SIM'PLETON, noun A silly person; a person of weak intellect; a trifler; a foolish person.

Pope.

Simplician

SIMPLI'CIAN, noun An artless, unskilled or undesigning person. [Not in use.]

Arnway.

Simplicity

SIMPLIC'ITY, noun [Latin simplicitas; French simplicitÃƒ-©; Italian simplicitÃƒ- ; Spanish simplicidad.]

1. Singleness; the state of being unmixed or uncompounded; as the simplicity of metals or of earths.

2. The state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as the simplicity of a machine.

3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from a propensity to cunning or stratagem; freedom from duplicity; sincerity.

Marquis Dorset, a man for his harmless simplicity neither misliked nor much regarded.

Hayward.

4. Plainness; freedom from artificial ornament; as the simplicity of a dress, of style, of language, &c. Simplicity in writing is the first of excellences.

5. Plainness; freedom from subtilty or abstruseness; as the simplicity of scriptural doctrines or truth.

6. Weakness of intellect; silliness.

Hooker.

Godly simplicity, in Scripture, is a fair open profession and practice of evangelical truth, with a single view to obedience and to the glory of God.

Simplification

SIMPLIFICA'TION, noun [See Simplify.] The act of making simple; the act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex.

Chaldee Obs.

Simplified

SIM'PLIFIED, participle passive Made simple or not complex.

Simplify

SIM'PLIFY, verb transitive [Latin simplex, simple, and facio, to make; French simplifier.]

To make simple; to reduce what is complex to greater simplicity; to make plain or easy.

The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified.

Hamilton.

It is important in scientific pursuits, to be cautious in simplifying our deductions.

Nicholson.

This is the true way to simplify the study of science.

Lavoisier, Trans.

Simplifying

SIM'PLIFYING, participle of the present tense Making simple; rendering less complex.

Simplist

SIM'PLIST, noun One skilled in simples or medical plants.

Brown.

Simploce

SIMPLOCE. [See Symploce.]

Simply

SIM'PLY, adverb Without art; without subtilty; artlessly; plainly.

Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise

By simply meek.

Milton.

2. Of itself; without addition; alone.

They make that good or evil, which otherwise of itself were not simply the one nor the other.

Hooker.

3. Merely; solely.

Simply the thing I am

Shall make me live.

Shak.

4. Weakly; foolishly.

Simulacher

SIM'ULACHER, noun [Latin simulacrum.] An image. [Not in use.]

Elyot.

Simular

SIM'ULAR, noun [See Simulate.] One who simulates or counterfeits something. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Simulate

SIM'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin simulo, from similis, like.]

To feign; to counterfeit; to assume the mere appearance of something, without the reality. The wicked often simulate the virtuous and good.

Simulate

SIM'ULATE, adjective [Latin simulatus.] Feigned; pretended.

Bale.

Simulated

SIM'ULATED, participle passive or adjective Feigned; pretended; assumed artificially.

Chesterfield.

Simulating

SIM'ULATING, participle of the present tense Feigning; pretending; assuming the appearance of what is not real.

Simulation

SIMULA'TION, noun [French from Latin simulatio.] The act of feigning to be that which is not; the assumption of a deceitful appearance or character. Simulation differs from dissimulation. The former denotes the assuming of a false character; the latter denotes the concealment of the true character. Both are comprehended in the word hypocrisy.

Simultaneous

SIMULTA'NEOUS, adjective [French simultanÃƒ-©e; Spanish simultaneo; from Latin simul, at the same time.]

Existing or happening at the same time; as simultaneous events. The exchange of ratifications may be simultaneous.

Simultaneously

SIMULTA'NEOUSLY, adverb At the same time.

Simultaneousness

SIMULTA'NEOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being or happening at the same time; as the simultaneousness of transactions in two different places.

Simulty

SIM'ULTY, noun [Latin simultas.] Private grudge or quarrel. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Sin

SIN, noun [Saxon sin or syn; German sÃƒ-¼nde; Dutch zonde; Swedish Danish synd; Lapponic, Finnish, sindia; allied perhaps to Irish sainim, to alter, to vary, to sunder. The primary sense is probably to depart, to wander.]

1. The voluntary departure of a moral agent from a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God; any voluntary transgression of the divine law, or violation of a divine command; a wicked act; iniquity. Sin is either a positive act in which a known divine law is violated, or it is the voluntary neglect to obey a positive divine command, or a rule of duty clearly implied in such command. Sin comprehends not actions only, but neglect of known duty, all evil thoughts, purposes, words and desires, whatever is contrary to God's commands or law. 1 John 3. Matthew 15. James 4.

Sinners neither enjoy the pleasures of sin, nor the peace of piety.

Rob. Hall.

Among divines, sin is original or actual. Actual sin, above defined, is the act of a moral agent in violating a known rule of duty. Original sin, as generally understood, is native depravity of heart; that want of conformity of heart to the divine will, that corruption of nature or deterioration of the moral character of man, which is supposed to be the effect of Adam's apostasy; and which manifests itself in moral agents by positive acts of disobedience to the divine will, or by the voluntary neglect to comply with the express commands of God, which require that we should love God with all the heart and soul and strength and mind, and our neighbor as ourselves. This native depravity or alienation of affections from God and his law, is supposed to be what the apostle calls the carnal mind or mindedness, which is enmity against God, and is therefore denominated sin or sinfulness.

Unpardonable sin, or blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, is supposed to be a malicious and obstinate rejection of Christ and the gospel plan of salvation, or a contemptuous resistance made to the influences and convictions of the Holy Spirit. Matthew 12.

2. A sin-offering; an offering made to atone for sin.

He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Corinthians 5.

3. A man enormously wicked. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sin differs from crime, not in nature, but in application. That which is a crime against society, is sin against God.

Sin

SIN, verb intransitive [Saxon singian, syngian.] To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression or by the neglect or non-observance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty.

All have sinned and come short of the glory of God. Romans 3.

It is followed by against.

Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Psalm 51.

2. To offend against right, against men or society; to trespass.

I am a man

More sinn'd against than sinning.

Shak.

And who but wishes to invert the laws

Of order, sins against th' eternal cause.

Pope.

Sin

SIN, for since, [Scot. syne,]. obsolete or vulgar.

Sinapism

SIN'APISM, noun [Latin sinapis, sinape, mustard, German senf, Saxon senep.]

In pharmacy, a cataplasm composed of mustard seed pulverized, with some other ingredients, and used as an external application. It is a powerful stimulant.

Encyc.

Since

SINCE, prep. or adverb [Swedish sedan; Danish siden; Dutch sint; supposed to be contracted from Saxon siththan, which is from sithian, to pass, to go; and siththan may be the participle, and denote past, gone, and hence after, afterward. Sith in Saxon, has a like sense. Our early writers used sith, sithen, sithence; the latter is evidently a corruption of siththan. It may be doubted whether Swedish sen, Danish seen, slow, late, is a contraction of this word; more probably it is not.]

1. After; from the time that. The proper signification of since is after, and its appropriate sense includes the whole period between an event and the present time. I have not seen my brother since January.

The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Genesis 30.

Ã‚--Holy prophets, who have been since the world began. Luke 1. John 9.

Since then denotes, during the whole time after an event; or at any particular time during that period.

2. Ago; past; before this. ``About two years since, an event happened,' that is, two years having passed.

3. Because that; this being the fact that.

Since truth and constancy are vain,

Since neither love nor sense of pain

Nor force of reason can persuade,

Then let example be obey'd.

Granville.

Since, when it precedes a noun, is called a preposition, but when it precedes a sentence it is called an adverb. The truth is, the character of the word is the same in both cases. It is probably an obsolete participle, and according to the usual classification of words, may be properly ranked with the prepositions. In strictness, the last clause of the passage above cited is the case absolute. ``The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming,' that is, my arrival being past. So, since the world began, is strictly past the world began, the beginning of the world being past. In the first case, since, considered as a preposition, has coming, a noun, for its object, and in the latter case, the clause of a sentence. So we say, against your arrival, or against you come.

Sincere

SINCE'RE, adjective [French from Latin sincerus, which is said to be composed of sine, without, and cera, wax; as if applied originally to pure honey.]

1. Pure; unmixed.

As new-born babes, desire the sincere milk of the word. 1 Peter 2.

A joy which never was sincere till now.

Dryden.

There is no sincere acid in any animal juice.

Arbuthnot.

I would have all gallicisms avoided, that our tongue may be sincere.

Felton.

[This sense is for the most part obsolete. We use the phrases, sincere joy, sincere pleasure; but we mean by them, unfeigned, real joy or pleasure.]

2. Unhurt; uninjured.

Th' inviolable body stood sincere. Obs.

Dryden.

3. Being in reality what it appears to be; not feigned; not simulated; not assumed or said for the sake of appearance; real; not hypocritical or pretended. This is the present use of the word. Let your intentions be pure and your declarations sincere. Let love and friendship be sincere. No prayer can avail with a heart-searching God, unless it is sincere.

Sincerely

SINCE'RELY, adverb Honestly; with real purity of heart; without simulation or disguise; unfeignedly; as, to speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue incerely.

Sincereness

SINCE'RENESS, noun Sincerity.

Sincerity

SINCER'ITY, noun [French sinceritÃƒ-©; Latin sinceritas.]

1. Honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation or hypocrisy. We may question a man's prudence, when we cannot question his sincerity.

2. Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false pretense; as the sincerity of a declaration or of love.

Sinciput

SIN'CIPUT, noun [Latin] The fore part of the head from the forehead to the coronal suture.

Encyc.

Sindon

SIN'DON, noun [Latin fine linen.] A wrapper. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Sine

SINE, noun [Latin sinus.] In geometry, the right sine of an arch or arc, is a line drawn from one end of that arch, perpendicular to the radius drawn through the other end, and is always equal to half the chord of double the arch.

Harris.

Sinecure

SI'NECURE, noun [Latin sine, without, and cura, cure, care.]

An office which has revenue without employment; in church affairs, a benefice without cure of souls. [This is the original and proper sense of the word.]

Sine die, [Latin without day.] An adjournment sine die is an adjournment without fixing the time of resuming business. When a defendant is suffered to go sine die, he is dismissed the court.

Sinepite

SIN'EPITE, noun [Latin sinape, mustard.] Something resembling mustard seed.

De Costa.

Sinew

SIN'EW, noun [Saxon sinu, sinw, sinwe; German sehne; Dutch zenuw; Swedish sena; Danish sene or seene. The primary sense is stretched, strained, whence the sense of srong; German sehnen, to long; Irish sinnim, to strain.]

1. In anatomy, a tendon; that which unites a muscle to a bone.

2. In the plural, strength; or rather that which supplies strength. Money is the sinews of war.

Dryden.

3. Muscle; nerve.

Davies.

Sinew

SIN'EW, verb transitive To knit as by sinews.

Shak.

Sinewed

SIN'EWED, adjective Furnished with sinews; as a strong-sinewed youth.

2. Strong; firm; vigorous.

When he sees

Ourselves well sinewed to our defense.

Shak.

Sinewless

SIN'EWLESS, adjective Having no strength or vigor.

Sinew-Shrunk

SIN'EW-SHRUNK, adjective Gaunt-bellied; having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excess of fatigue, as a horse.

Far. Dict.

Sinewy

SIN'EWY, adjective Consisting of a sinew or nerve.

The sinewy thread my brain lets fall.

Donne.

2. Nervous; strong; well braced with sinews; vigorous; firm; as the sinewy Ajax.

Shak.

The northern people are large, fair complexioned, strong, sinewy and courageous.

Hale.

Sinful

SIN'FUL, adjective [from sin.] Tainted with sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as sinful men.

Ah, sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity! 1s. i.

2. Containing sin, or consisting in sin; contrary to the laws of God; as sinful actions; sinful thoughts; sinful words.

Sinfully

SIN'FULLY, adverb In a manner which the laws of God do not permit; wickedly; iniquitously; criminally.

Sinfulness

SIN'FULNESS, noun The quality of being sinful or contrary to the divine will; wickedness; iniquity; criminality; as the sinfulness of an action; the sinfulness of thoughts or purposes.

2. Wickedness; corruption; depravity; as the sinfulness of men or of the human race.

Sing

SING, verb intransitive pret. sung, sang; pp. sung. [Saxon singan, syngan; Gothic siggwan; German singen; Dutch zingen; Swedish siunga; Danish synger. It would seem from the Gothic that n is casual, and the elements Sg. If so, it coincides with say and seek, all signifying to strain, urge, press or drive.]

1. To utter sounds with various inflections or melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune.

The noise of them that sing do I hear. Exodus 32.

2. To utter sweet or melodious sounds, as birds. It is remarkable that the female of no species of birds ever sings.

And singing birds in silver cages hung.

Dryden.

3. To make a small shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice.

O'er his head the flying spear

Sung innocent, and spent its force in air.

Pope.

4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse.

Sing

Of human hope by cross event destroy'd.

Prior.

Sing

SING, verb transitive To utter with musical modulations of voice.

And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Revelation 15.

2. To celebrate in song; to give praises to in verse.

The last, the happiest British king,

Whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing.

Addison.

3. To relate or rehearse in numbers, verse or poetry.

Arms and the man I sing.

Dryden.

While stretch'd at ease you sing your happy loves.

Dryden.

Singe

SINGE, v. t. sinj. [Saxon soengan; German sengen; Dutch zengen.]

To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of a thing, as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the skin; as, to singe off the beard.

Shak.

Thus riding on his curls, he seem'd to pass

A rolling fire along, and singe the grass.

Dryden.

Singe

SINGE, noun A burning of the surface; a slight burn.

Singed

SING'ED, participle passive Burnt superficially.

Singeing

SING'EING, participle of the present tense Burning the surface.

Singer

SING'ER, noun [from sing.] One that sings.

2. One versed in music, or one whose occupation is to sing; as a chorus of singers.

Dryden.

3. A bird that sings.

Bacon.

Singing

SING'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering melodious or musical notes; making a shrill sound; celebrating in song; reciting in verse.

Singing

SING'ING, noun The act of uttering sounds with musical inflections; musical articulation; the utterance of melodious notes. Cant. ii.

Singing-Book

SING'ING-BOOK, noun A music book, as it ought to be called; a book containing tunes.

Singingly

SING'INGLY, adverb With sounds like singing; with a kind of tune.

North.

Singing-Man

SING'ING-MAN, noun [singing and man.] A man who sings, or is employed to sing; as in cathedrals.

Singing-Master

SING'ING-M`ASTER, noun A music master; one that teaches vocal music.

Addison.

Singing-Woman

SING'ING-WOMAN, noun A woman employed to sing.

Single

SIN'GLE, adjective [Latin singulus; probably from a root that signifies to separate.]

1. Separate; one; only; individual; consisting of one only; as a single star; a single city; a single act.

2. Particular; individual.

No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest.

Pope.

3. Uncompounded.

Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound.

Watts.

4. Alone; having no companion or assistant.

Who single hast maintain'd

Against revolted multitudes the cause of truth.

Milton.

5. Unmarried; as a single man; a single woman.

6. Not double; not complicated; as a single thread; a single strand of a rope.

7. Performed with one person or antagonist on a side, or with one person only opposed to another; as a single fight; a single combat.

8. Pure; simple; incorrupt; unbiased; having clear vision of divine truth. Matthew 6.

9. Small; weak; silly. Obs.

Beaum. Shak.

10. In botany, a single flower is when there is only one on a stem, and in common usage, one not double.

Martyn.

Single

SIN'GLE, verb transitive To select, as an individual person or thing from among a number; to choose one from others.

Ã‚--A dog who can single out his master in the dark.

Bacon.

2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire; as an agent singling itself from comforts. [Not used.]

Hooker.

3. To take alone; as men commendable when singled from society. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

4. To separate.

Sidney.

Singled

SIN'GLED, participle passive Selected from among a number.

Singleness

SIN'GLENESS, noun The state of being one only or separate from all others; the opposite of doubleness, complication or multiplicity.

2. Simplicity; sincerity; purity of mind or purpose; freedom from duplicity; as singleness of belief; singleness of heart.

Hooker. Law.

Singly

SIN'GLY, adverb Individually; particularly; as, to make men singly and personally good.

Tillotson.

2. Only; by himself.

Look thee, 'tis so, thou singly honest man.

Shak.

3. Without partners, companions or associates; as, to attack another singly.

At ombre singly to decide their doom.

Dryden.

4. Honestly; sincerely.

Singular

SIN'GULAR, adjective [French singulier; Latin singularis, from singulus, single.]

1. Single; not complex or compound.

That idea which represents one determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex or compound.

Watts.

2. In grammar, expressing one person or thing; as the singular number. The singular number stands opposed to dual and plural.

3. Particular; existing by itself; unexampled; as a singular phenomenon. Your case is hard, but not singular.

4. Remarkable; eminent; unusual; rare; as a man of singular gravity, or singular attainments.

5. Not common; odd; implying something censurable or not approved.

His zeal

None seconded, as singular and rash.

Milton.

6. Being alone; that of which there is but one.

These busts of the emperors and empresses are scarce, and some of them almost singular in their kind.

Addison.

Singular

SIN'GULAR, noun A particular instance. [Unusual.]

More.

Singularity

SINGULAR'ITY, noun [French singularitÃƒ-©.] Peculiarity; some character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most others.

Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling of the seeds yieldeth corn.

Raleigh.

2. An uncommon character or form; something curious or remarkable.

I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument.

Addison.

3. Particular privilege, prerogative or distinction.

No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity, (universal bishop.)

Hooker.

CatholicismÃ‚--must be understood in opposition to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation.

Pearson.

4. Character or trait of character different from that of others; peculiarity. The singularity of living according to the strict precepts of the gospel is highly to be commended.

5. Oddity.

6. Celibacy. [Not in use.]

J. Taylor.

Singularize

SIN'GULARIZE, verb transitive To make single. [Not in use.]

Singularly

SIN'GULARLY, adverb Peculiarly; in a manner or degree not common to others. It is no disgrace to be singularly good.

2. Oddly; strangely.

3. So as to express one or the singular number.

Morton.

Singult

SIN'GULT, noun [Latin singultus.] A sigh. [Not in use.]

Sinical

SIN'ICAL, adjective [from sine.] Pertaining to a sine.

Sinister

SIN'ISTER, adjective [Latin Probably the primary sense is weak, defective.]

1. Left; on the left hand, or the side of the left hand; opposed to dexter or right; as the sinister cheek; or the sinister side of an escutcheon.

2. Evil; bad; corrupt; perverse; dishonest; as sinister means; sinister purpose.

He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts.

South.

3. Unlucky; inauspicious.

B. Jonson.

Sinister aspect, in astrology, an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs; as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini.

Encyc.

Sinister-Handed

SIN'ISTER-HANDED, adjective Left-handed. [Not in use.]

Sinisterly

SIN'ISTERLY, adverb Absurdly; perversely; unfairly.

A. Wood.

Sinistrorsal

SINISTROR'SAL, adjective [sinister and Greek, to rise.]

Rising from left to right, as a spiral line or helix.

Henry.

Sinistrous

SIN'ISTROUS, adjective Being on the left side; inclined to the left.

Brown.

2. Wrong; absurd; perverse.

A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most sinistrous and absurd choice.

Bentley.

Sinistrously

SIN'ISTROUSLY, adverb Perversely; wrongly.

2. With a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand.

Sink

SINK, verb intransitive pret. sunk; pp. id. The old pret. sank is nearly obsolete. [Saxon sencan, sincan; Gothic sigcwan; German sinken; Dutch zinken; Swedish siunka; Danish synker; coinciding with siege. Class Sg.]

1. To fall by the force of greater gravity, in a medium or substance of less specific gravity; to subside; opposed to swim or float. Some species of wood or timber will sink in water. Oil will not sink in water and many other liquids, for it is specifically lighter.

I sink in deep mire. Psalm 69.

2. To fall gradually.

He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings 9.

3. To enter or penetrate into any body.

The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 Samuel 17.

4. To fall; to become lower; to subside or settle to a level.

The Alps and Pyrenees sink before him.

Addison.

5. To be overwhelmed or depressed.

Our country sinks beneath the yoke.

Shak.

6. To enter deeply; to be impressed.

Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke 9.

7. To become deep; to retire or fall within the surface of any thing; as, the eyes sink into the head.

8. To fall; to decline; to decay; to decrease. A free state gradually sinks into ruin. It is the duty of government to revive a sinking commerce.

Let not the fire sink or slacken.

Mortimer.

9. To fall into rest or indolence; as, to sink away in pleasing dreams.

Addison.

10. To be lower; to fall; as, the price of land will sink in time of peace.

Sink

SINK, verb transitive To put under water; to immerse in a fluid; as, to sink a ship.

2. To make by digging or delving; as, to sink a pit or a well.

3. To depress; to degrade. His vices sink him in infamy, or in public estimation.

4. To plunge into destruction.

If I have a conscience, let it sink me.

Shak.

5. To cause to fall or to be plunged.

Woodward.

6. To bring low; to reduce in quantity.

You sunk the river with repeated draughts.

Addison.

7. To depress; to overbear; to crush. This would sink the spirit of a hero.

8. To diminish; to lower or lessen; to degrade.

I mean not that we should sink our figure out of covetousness.

Rogers.

9. To cause to decline or fail.

Thy cruel and unnat'ral lust of power

Has sunk thy father more than all his years.

Rowe.

10. To suppress; to conceal; to intervert.

If sent with ready money to buy any thing, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. [Unusual.]

Swift.

11. To depress; to lower in value or amount. Great importations may sink the price of goods.

12. To reduce; to pay; to diminish or annihilate by payment; as, to sink the national debt.

13. To waste; to dissipate; as, to sink an estate.

Sink

SINK, noun [Saxon sinc.] A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.

Shak. Hayward.

2. A kind of bason of stone or wood to receive filthy water.

Sinking

SINK'ING, participle of the present tense Falling; subsiding; depressing; declining.

Sinking fund, in finance, a fund created for sinking or paying a public debt, or purchasing the stock for the government.

Sinless

SIN'LESS, adjective [from sin.] Free from sin; pure; perfect. Christ yielded a sinless obedience.

2. Free from sin; innocent; as a sinless soul.

Dryden.

Sinlessness

SIN'LESSNESS, noun Freedom from sin and guilt.

Boyle.

Sinner

SIN'NER, noun One that has voluntarily violated the divine law; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any divine precept, or neglected any known duty.

2. It is used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregenerate person; one who has not received the pardon of his sins.

3. An offender; a criminal.

Dryden.

Sinner

SIN'NER, verb intransitive To act as a sinner; in ludicrous language.

Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it.

Pope.

Sin-Offering

SIN'-OFFERING, noun [sin and offering.] A sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin. Exodus 29.

Sinoper

SIN'OPER, or SIN'OPLE, noun [Latin sinopis; Greek.] Red ferruginous quartz, of a blood or brownish red color, sometimes with a tinge of yellow. It occurs in small but very perfect crystals, and in masses that resemble some varieties of jasper.

Cleaveland.

Sinter

SIN'TER, noun In mineralogy, calcarious sinter is a variety of carbonate of lime, composed of a series of successive layers, concentric, plane or undulated, and nearly or quite parallel. It appears under various forms.

Cleaveland.

Silicious sinter is white or grayish, light, brittle, porous, and of a fibrous texture. Opaline silicious sinter somewhat resembles opal. It is whitish, with brownish, blackish or bluish spots, and its fragments present dendritic appearances.

Phillips.

Pearl sinter or fiorite occurs in stalactitic, cylindrical, botryoidal, and globular, masses, white or grayish.

Id.

Sinuate

SIN'UATE, verb transitive [Latin sinuo.] To wind; to turn; to bend in and out.

Woodward.

Sinuate

SIN'UATE, adjective In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has large curved breaks in the margin, resembling bays, as in the oak.

Martyn.

Sinuation

SINUA'TION, noun A winding or bending in and out.

Hale.

Sinuosity

SINUOS'ITY, noun [Latin sinuosus, sinus.] The quality of bending or curving in and out; or a series of bends and turns in arches or other irregular figures.

Sinuous

SIN'UOUS, adjective [French sinueux, from Latin sinus.] Winding; crooked; bending in and out; as a sinuous pipe.

Streaking the ground with sinuous trace.

Milton.

Sinus

SI'NUS, noun [Latin a bay.] A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore, or an opening into the land.

Burnet.

2. In anatomy, a cavity in a bone or other part, wider at the bottom than at the entrance.

Encyc.

3. In surgery, a little cavity or sack in which pus is collected; an abscess with only a small orifice.

Encyc. Parr.

4. An opening; a hollow.

Sip

SIP, verb transitive [Saxon sipan, to sip, to drink in, to macerate; Dutch sippen; Danish sÃƒ-¶ber; Swedish supa; Irish subham; Welsh sipiaw, to draw the lips; sipian, to sip; French soupe, souper; sop, sup, supper. See Class Sb. No. 79.]

1. To take a fluid into the mouth in small quantities by the lips; as, to sip wine; to sip tea or coffee.

Pope.

2. To drink or imbibe in small quantities.

Every herb that sips the dew.

Milton.

3. To draw into the mouth; to extract; as, a bee sips nectar from the flowers.

4. To drink out of.

They skim the floods, and sip the purple flow'rs.

Dryden.

Sip

SIP, verb intransitive To drink a small quantity; to take a fluid with the lips.

Dryden.

Sip

SIP, noun The taking of a liquor with the lips; or a small draught taken with the lips.

One sip of this

Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight,

Beyond the bliss of dreams.

Milton.

Sipe

SIPE, verb intransitive To ooze; to issue slowly; as a fluid. [Local.]

Grose.

Siphilis

SIPH'ILIS, noun [Greek, deformed.] The venereal disease.

Siphilitic

SIPHILIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the venereal disease, or partaking of its nature.

Siphon

SI'PHON, noun [Latin sipho, sipo; Greek; Italian sifone; French siphon; Spanish sifon. Qu. from the root of sip.]

1. A bent pipe or tube whose legs are of unequal length, used for drawing liquor out of a vessel by causing it to rise over the rim or top. For this purpose, the shorter leg is inserted in the liquor, and the air is exhausted by being drawn through the longer leg. The liquor then rises by the weight of the atmosphere to supply the vacuum, till it reaches the top of the vessel, and then descends in the longer leg of the siphon.

2. The pipe by which the chambers of a shell communicate.

Ed. Encyc.

Siphunculated

SIPHUN'CULATED, adjective [Latin siphunculus, a little siphon.]

Having a little siphon or spout, as a valve.

Say.

Sipped

SIP'PED, participle passive Drawn in with the lips; imbibed in small quantities.

Sipper

SIP'PER, noun One that sips.

Sippet

SIP'PET, noun A small sop. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Si Quis

SI QUIS. [Latin if any one.] These words give name to a notification by a candidate for orders of his intention to inquire whether any impediment may be alledged against him.

Sir

SIR, n. sur. [French sire, and sieur, in monsieur; Norm. sire, lord; Cornish sira, father; Hebrew shur, to sing, to look, observe, watch, also to rule. The primary sense is to stretch, strain, hold, &c. whence the sense of a ruler or chief.]

1. A word of respect used in addresses to men, as madam is in addresses to women. It signifies properly lord, corresponding to dominus in Latin, don in Spanish, and herr in German. It is used in the singular or plural.

Speak on, sir.

Shak.

But sirs, be sudden in the execution.

Shak.

2. The title of a knight or baronet; as Sir Horace Vere.

Bacon.

3. It is used by Shakspeare for man.

In the election of a sir so rare. [Not in use.]

4. In American colleges, the title of a master of arts.

5. It is prefixed to loin, in sirloin; as a sirloin of beef. This practice is said to have originated in the knighting of a loin of beef by one of the English kings in a fit of good humor.

Addison.

6. Formerly the title of a priest.

Spenser.

Sire

SIRE, noun [supra.] A father; used in poetry.

And raise his issue like a loving sire.

Shak.

2. The male parent of a beast; particularly used of horses; as, the horse had a good sire, but a bad dam.

Johnson.

3. It is used in composition; as in grandsire, for grandfather; great grandsire, great grandfather.

Sire

SIRE, verb transitive To beget; to procreate; used of beasts.

Shak.

Sired

SI'RED, participle passive Begotten.

Siren

SIR'EN, noun [Latin; French sirÃƒ-¨ne; Italian sirena; from Hebrew shur, to sing.]

1. A mermaid. In ancient mythology, a goddess who enticed men into her power by the charms of music, and devoured them. Hence in modern use, an enticing woman; a female rendered dangerous by her enticements.

Sing, siren, to thyself, and I will dote.

Shak.

2. A species of lizard in Carolina, constituting a peculiar genus, destitute of posterior extremities and pelvis.

Cuvier.

Siren

SIR'EN, adjective Pertaining to a siren, or to the dangerous enticements of music; bewitching; fascinating; as a siren song.

Siriasis

SIRI'ASIS, noun [Greek. See Sirius.] An inflammation of the brain, proceeding from the excessive heat of the sun; phrensy almost peculiar to children.

Johnson. Coxe.

Sirius

SIR'IUS, noun [Latin from the Greek, the sun.] The large and bright star called the dogstar, in the mouth of the constellation Canis major.

Sirloin

SIR'LOIN, noun A particular piece of beef so called. [See Sir.]

Sirname

SIRNAME, is more correctly written surname.

Siro

SIRO, noun A mite.

Encyc.

Sirocco

SIROC'CO, noun [Italian id.; Spanish siroco or xaloque.]

A pernicious wind that blows from the south east in Italy, called the Syrian wind. It is said to resemble the steam from the mouth of an oven.

Sirrah

SIR'RAH, noun A word of reproach and contempt; used in addressing vile characters.

Go, sirrah, to my cell.

Shak.

[I know not whence we have this word. The common derivation of it from sir, ha, is ridiculous.]

Sirt

SIRT, n. sert. [Latin syrtis.] A quicksand. [Not in use.]

Sirup

SIRUP, n. sur'up. [oriental. See Sherbet and Absorb.]

The sweet juice of vegetables or fruits, or other juice sweetened; or sugar boiled with vegetable infusions.

Coxe.

Siruped

SIR'UPED, adjective Moistened or tinged with sirup or sweet juice.

Drayton.

Sirupy

SIR'UPY, adjective Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities.

Mortimer.

Sise

SISE, for assize. [Not used.]

Siskin

SIS'KIN, noun A bird, the green finch; another name of the aberdavine.

Johnson. Dict. Nat. Hist.

The siskin or aberdavine is the Fringilla spinus; the green finch, the French chloris, a different species.

Ed. Encyc.

Siss

SISS, verb intransitive [Dutch sissen; Danish suuser; German sausen; Swedish susa, to buzz, rush, hiss, whistle.]

To hiss; a legitimate word in universal popular use in New England.]

Sister

SIS'TER, noun [Saxon sweoster; Dutch zuster; German schwester; Swedish syster; Danish sÃƒ-¶ster; Russian sestra; Pol. siostra; Dalmatian, szesztre.]

1. A female born of the same parents; correlative to brother.

2. A woman of the same faith; a female fellow christian.

If a brother or sister be naked and destitute of daily foodÃ‚-- James 2.

3. A female of the same kind.

Shak.

4. One of the same kind, or of the same condition; as sister-fruits.

Pope.

5. A female of the same society; as the nuns of a convent.

Sister

SIS'TER, verb transitive To resemble closely. [Little used.]

Shak.

Sister

SIS'TER, verb intransitive To be akin; to be near to. [Little used.]

Shak.

Sisterhood

SIS'TERHOOD, noun [sister and hood.] Sisters collectively, or a society of sisters; or a society of females united in one faith or order.

Addison.

2. The office or duty of a sister. [Little used.]

Sister-in-Law

SISTER-IN-LAW, noun A husband's or wife's sister.

Ruth.

Sisterly

SIS'TERLY, adjective Like a sister; becoming a sister; affectionate; as sisterly kindness.

Sit

SIT, verb intransitive pret. sat; old pp. sitten. [Gothic sitan; Saxon sitan or sittan; Dutch zitten; German sitzen; Swedish sitta; Danish sidder; Latin sedeo; Italian sedere; French seoir, whence asseoir, to set or place, to lay, to assess, from the participle of which we have assise, assize, a sitting, a session, whence size, by contraction; Welsh seza, to sit habitually; sezu, to seat; gorsez, a supreme seat; gorsezu, to preside; Armoric aseza, diaseza, sizhea, to sit; Irish suidhim, eisidhim, and seisim; Cornish seadha, to sit. It coincides with the Chaldee Hebrew and Hebrew to set, place or found, and perhaps with the Arabic sadda, to stop, close or make firm. See Class Sd. No. 31. 56. See Set. The Spanish sitiar, to besiege, is the same word differently applied.]

1. To rest upon the buttocks, as animals; as, to sit on a sofa or on the ground.

2. To perch; to rest on the feet; as fowls.

3. To occupy a seat or place in an official capacity.

The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat. Matthew 23.

4. To be in a state of rest or idleness.

Shall your brethren go to war, and shall ye sit here? Numbers 32.

5. To rest, lie or bear on, as a weight or burden; as, grief sits heavy on his heart.

6. To settle; to rest; to abide.

Pale horror sat on each Arcadian face.

Dryden.

7. To incubate; to cover and warm eggs for hatching; as a fowl.

As the partridge sitteth on eggs and hatcheth them notÃ‚-- Jeremiah 17.

8. To be adjusted; to be, with respect to fitness or unfitness; as, a coat sits well or ill.

This new and gorgeous garment, majesty,

Sits not so easy on me as you think.

Shak.

9. To be placed in order to be painted; as, to sit for one's picture.

10. To be in any situation or condition.

Suppose all the church lands to be thrown up to the laity; would the tenants sit easier in their rents than now?

Swift.

11. To hold a session; to be officially engaged in public business; as judges, legislators or officers of any kind. The house of commons sometimes sits till late at night. The judges or the courts sit in Westminster hall. The commissioners sit every day.

12. To exercise authority; as, to sit in judgment. One council sits upon life and death.

13. To be in any assembly or council as a member; to have a seat. 1 Macc.

14. To be in a local position. The wind sits fair. [Unusual.]

To sit at meat, to be at table for eating.

To sit down, to place one's self on a chair or other seat; as, to sit down at a meal.

2. To begin a siege. The enemy sat down before the town.

3. To settle; to fix a permanent abode.

Spenser.

4. To rest; to cease as satisfied.

Here we cannot sit down, but still proceed in our search.

Rogers.

To sit out, to be without engagement or employment. [Little used.]

Saunderson.

To sit up, to rise or be raised from a recumbent posture.

He that was dead sat up, and began to speak. Luke 7.

2. Not to go to bed; as, to sit up late at night; also, to watch; as, to sit up with a sick person.

Sit

SIT, verb transitive To keep the seat upon. He sits a horse well. [This phrase is elliptical.]

2. To sit me down, to sit him down, to sit them down, equivalent to I seated myself, &c. are familiar phrases used by good writers, though deviations from strict propriety.

They sat them down to weep.

Milton.

3. ``The court was sat,' an expression of Addison, is a gross impropriety.

Site

SITE, noun [Latin situs, seat; from the root of Latin sedeo, to sit. The Roman pronunciation was seetus.]

1. Situation; local position; as the site of a city or of a house.

2. A seat or ground-plot; as a mill-site. But we usually say, mill-seat, by which we understand the place where a mill stands, or a place convenient for a mill.

3. The posture of a thing with respect to itself.

The semblance of a lover fix'd

In melancholy site.

Thomson.

[This is improper.]

Sited

SI'TED, adjective Placed; situated. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sitfast

SIT'FAST, noun A hard knob growing on a horse's back under the saddle.

Far. Dict.

Sith

SITH, adverb [Saxon sith, siththan.] Since; in later times. Obs.

Spenser.

Sithe

SITHE, noun Time. Obs.

Spenser.

Sithe

SITHE, [See Sythe.]

Sithence

SITH'ENCE, or SITH'ES, adverb [Saxon siththan.] Since; in later times. Obs.

Spenser.

Sitter

SIT'TER, noun [from sit.] One that sits. The Turks are great sitters.

Bacon.

2. A bird that sits or incubates.

Mortimer.

Sitting

SIT'TING, participle of the present tense Resting on the buttocks, or on the feet, as fowls; incubating; brooding; being in the actual exercise of authority, or being assembled for that purpose.

2. adjective In botany, sessile.

Sitting

SIT'TING, noun The posture of being on a seat.

2. The act of placing one's self on a seat; as a sitting down.

3. The act or time of resting in a posture for a painter to take the likeness. For a portrait, six or seven sittings may be required.

4. A session; the actual presence or meeting of any body of men in their seats, clothed with authority to transact business; as a sitting of the judges of the king's bench; a sitting of the house of commons; during the sitting of the supreme court.

5. An uninterrupted application to business or study for a time; course of study unintermitted.

For the understanding of any one of Paul's epistles, I read it through at one sitting.

Locke.

6. A time for which one sits, as at play, at work or on a visit.

Dryden.

7. Incubation; a resting on eggs for hatching; as fowls.

The male bird amuses the female with his songs, during the whole time of her sitting.

Addison.

Situate

SIT'UATE, adjective [French situer; Italian situare, situato; Spanish situar; from Latin situs, sedeo.]

1. Placed, with respect to any other object; as a town situate on a hill or on the sea shore.

2. Placed; consisting.

Pleasure situate in hill and dale.

Milton.

[Note. In the United States, this word is less used than situated, but both are well authorized.]

Situated

SIT'UATED, adjective [See Situate.] Seated, placed or standing with respect to any other object; as a city situated on a declivity, or in front of a lake; a town well situated for trade or manufactures; an observatory well situated for observation of the stars. New York is situated in the forty first degree of N. latitude.

2. Placed or being in any state or condition with regard to men or things. Observe how the executor is situated with respect to the heirs.

Situation

SITUA'TION, noun [French; Italian situazione.] Position; seat; location in respect to something else. The situation of London is more favorable for foreign commerce than that of Paris. The situation of a stranger among people of habits differing from his own, cannot be pleasant.

2. State; condition. He enjoys a situation of ease and tranquility.

3. Circumstances; temporary state; used of persons in a dramatic scene.

Johnson.

4. Place; office. He has a situation in the war department, or under government.

Sivan

SIV'AN, noun The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to part of our May and part of June.

Six

SIX, adjective [French six; Latin sex; Italian sei; Spanish seis; Dutch zes; German sechs; Danish Swedish sex; Saxon six; Greek. Qu. Sanscrit shashta, Hebrew shish.] Twice three; one more than five.

Six

SIX, noun The number of six or twice three.

To be at six and seven, or as more generally used, at sixes and sevens, is to be in disorder.

Bacon. Swift. Shak.

Sixfold

SIX'FOLD, adjective [six and fold; Saxon six and feald.]

Six times repeated; six double; six times as much.

Sixpence

SIX'PENCE, noun [six and pence.] An English silver coin of the value of six pennies; half a shilling.

2. The value of six pennies or half a shilling.

Six-Penny

SIX'-PENNY, adjective Worth sixpence; as a six-penny loaf.

Six-Petaled

SIX'-PETALED, adjective In botany, having six distinct petals or flower leaves.

Martyn.

Sixscore

SIX'SCORE, adjective [six and score.] Six times twenty; one hundred and twenty.

Sandys.

Sixteen

SIX'TEEN, adjective [Saxon sixtene, sixtyne.] Six and ten; noting the sum of six and ten.

Sixteenth

SIX'TEENTH, adjective [Saxon sixteotha.] The sixth after the tenth; the ordinal of sixteen.

Sixth

SIXTH, adjective [Saxon sixta.] The first after the fifth; the ordinal of six.

Sixth

SIXTH, noun The sixth part.

2. In music, a hexachord, an interval of two kinds; the minor sixth, consisting of three tones and two semitones major, and the major sixth, composed of four tones and a major semitone.

Rousseau.

Sixthly

SIXTH'LY, adverb In the sixth place.

Bacon.

Sixtieth

SIX'TIETH, adjective [Saxon sixteogotha.] The ordinal of sixty.

Sixty

SIX'TY, adjective [Saxon sixtig.] Ten times six.

Sixty

SIX'TY, noun The number of six times ten,

Sizable

SI'ZABLE, adjective [from size.] Of considerable bulk.

Hurd.

2. Being of reasonable or suitable size; as sizable timber.

Size

SIZE, noun [either contracted from assize, or from the Latin scissus. I take it to be from the former, and from the sense of setting, as we apply the word to the assize of bread.]

1. Bulk; bigness; magnitude; extent of superficies. Size particularly expresses thickness; as the size of a tree or of a mast; the size of a ship or of a rock. A man may be tall, with little size of body.

2. A settled quantity or allowance. [contracted from assize.]

3. Figurative bulk; condition as to rank and character; as men of less size and quality. [Not much used.]

L'Estrange.

Size

SIZE, noun [Welsh syth, stiff, rigid, and size; Spanish sisa; from the root of assize, that which sets or fixes.]

1. A glutinous substance prepared from different materials; used in manufactures.

2. An instrument consisting of thin leaves fastened together at one end by a rivet; used for ascertaining the size of pearls.

Encyc.

Size

SIZE, verb transitive To adjust or arrange according to size or bulk.

Hudibras.

2. To settle; to fix the standard of; as, to size weights and measures. [Now little used.]

3. To cover with size; to prepare with size.

4. To swell; to increase the bulk of.

Beaum. and Fletcher.

5. Among Cornish miners, to separate the finer from the coarser parts of a metal by sifting them through a wire sieve.

Encyc.

Sized

SI'ZED, participle passive Adjusted according to size; prepared with size.

2. adjective Having a particular magnitude.

And as my love is siz'd my fear is so.

Shak.

[Note.Ã‚--This word is used in compounds; as large-sized, common-sized, middle-sized, &c.]

Sizel

SIZ'EL, noun In coining, the residue of bars of silver, after pieces are cut out for coins.

Sizer

SI'ZER, noun In the university of Cambridge, a student of the rank next below that of a pensioner.

Siziness

SI'ZINESS, noun [from sizy.] Glutinousness; viscousness; the quality of size; as the siziness of blood.

Sizy

SI'ZY, adjective [from size.] Glutinous; thick and viscous; ropy; having the adhesiveness of size; as sizy blood.

Arbuthnot.

Skaddle

SKAD'DLE, noun [Saxon scath, sceath.] Hurt; damage. [Not in use.]

Skaddle

SKAD'DLE, adjective Hurtful; mischievous. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Skaddons

SKAD'DONS, noun The embryos of bees. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Skain

SKAIN, noun [French escaigne.] A knot of thread, yarn or silk, or a number of knots collected.

Skainsmate

SKA'INSMATE, noun A messmate; a companion. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Skald

SKALD, noun [Qu. Swedish scalla, to sing.] An ancient Scandinavian poet or bard.

Skate

SKATE, noun [Dutch schaats; probably from the root of shoot; Italian scatto, a slip or slide.]

A sort of shoe furnished with a smooth iron for sliding on ice.

Skate

SKATE, verb intransitive To slide or move on skates.

Skate

SKATE, noun [Saxon sceadda; Latin squatus, squatina; Welsh cÃƒ-¢th vor, or morgath, that is, seacat. This shows that skate is formed on cat. The primary sense of cat, I do not know; but in Welsh cÃƒ-¢th eithen, is a hare; that is, furze or gorse cat.]

A fish of the ray kind, (Raia Batis;) called the variegated ray-fish. It is a flat fish, the largest and thinnest of the genus, some of them weighing nearly two hundred pounds.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Skater

SKA'TER, noun One who skates on ice.

Johnson.

Skean

SKEAN, noun [Saxon soegen.] A short sword, or a knife. [Not in use.]

Bacon. Spenser.

Skeed

SKEED. [See Skid.]

Skeel

SKEEL, noun [German schale, shell.] A shallow wooden vessel for holding milk or cream. [Local.]

Grose.

Skeet

SKEET, noun A long scoop used to wet the sides of ships or the sails.

Mar. Dict.

Skeg

SKEG, noun A sort of wild plum.

Johnson.

Skegger

SKEG'GER, noun A little salmon.

Walton.

Skeleton

SKEL'ETON, noun [French squelette; Italian scheletro; Spanish esqueleto; Greek, dry, from, to dry, that is, to contract; allied perhaps to Latin calleo, callus.]

1. The bones of an animal body, separated from the flesh and retained in their natural position or connections. When the bones are connected by the natural ligaments, it is called a natural skeleton; when by wires, or any foreign substance, an artificial skeleton.

Encyc. Wistar.

2. The compages, general structure or frame of any thing; the principal parts that support the rest, but without the appendages.

3. A very thin or lean person.

Skellum

SKEL'LUM, noun [German schelm.] A scoundrel. [Not in use.]

Skep

SKEP, noun A sort of basket, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. [Not used in America.]

Tusser.

2. In Scotland, the repository in which bees lay their honey.

Johnson.

Skeptic

SKEPTIC. [See Sceptic.]

Sketch

SKETCH, noun [Dutch schets; German skizze; French esquisse; Spanish esquicio; Italian schizzo, a sketch, a squirting, a spurt, a gushing, a leap, hop or frisking; schizzare, to squirt, to spin, stream or spout. We see the primary sense of the verb is to throw, the sense of shoot, Italian scattare, Latin scateo.]

An outline or general delineation of any thing; a first rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any design; as the sketch of a building; the sketch of an essay.

Sketch

SKETCH, verb transitive To draw the outline or general figure of a thing; to make a rough draught.

Watts.

2. To plan by giving the principal points or ideas.

Dryden.

Sketched

SKETCH'ED, participle passive Having the outline drawn.

Sketching

SKETCH'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing the outline.

Skew

SKEW, adverb [German schief; Danish skioev.] Awry; obliquely. [See Askew.]

Skew

SKEW, verb transitive [Danish skioever, to twist or distort.]

1. To look obliquely upon; to notice slightly. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

2. To shape or form in an oblique way. [Not in use.]

Skew

SKEW, verb intransitive To walk obliquely. [Local,]

Skewer

SKEW'ER, noun A pin of wood or iron for fastening meat to a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting.

Dryden.

Skewer

SKEW'ER, verb transitive To fasten with skewers.

Skid

SKID, noun A curving timber to preserve a ship's side from injury by heavy bodies hoisted or lowered against it; a slider.

Mar. Dict.

2. A chain used for fastening the wheel of a wagon, to prevent its turning when descending a steep hill.

Encyc.

Skiff

SKIFF, noun [French esquif; Italian schifo; Spanish esquifo; Latin scapha; German schiff; from the same root as ship.]

A small light boat resembling a yawl.

Mar. Dict.

Skiff

SKIFF, verb transitive To pass over in a light boat.

Skill

SKILL, noun [Saxon scylan, to separate, to distinguish; Icelandic Swedish skilia, Danish skiller, to divide, sever, part; whence shield, that which separates, and hence that which protects or defends; Dutch scheelen, to differ; schillen, to peel or pare. Scale is from the root of these words, as in shell, Saxon scyl, sceal. In Hebrews is foolish, perverse, and as a verb, to pervert, to be foolish or perverse; in Chaldee to understand or consider, to look, to regard, to cause to know, whence knowledge, knowing, wise, wisdom, understanding; Rab. to be ignorant or foolish; Syriac to be foolish, to wander in mind, also to cause to understand, to know, to perceive, to discern, also to err, to do wrong, to sin, to fail in duty; whence foolish, folly, ignorance, error, sin, and understanding: Samaritan to be wont or accustomed, to look or behold. The same verb with, Hebrew signifies to understand, to be wise, whence wisdom, understanding, also to waste, to scatter or destroy, to bereave, also to prosper; Chaldee to understand; to complete, to perfect; with a prefix. This signifies also to found, to lay a foundation; Syriac to found, also to finish, complete, adorn, from the same root; Arabic shakala, to bind or tie, whence shackles; also to be dark, obscure, intricate, difficult, to form, to make like, to be of a beautiful form, to know, to be ignorant, to agree, suit or become. These verbs appear to be formed on the root, to hold or restrain, which coincides in signification with the Chaldee Ethiopic to be able, Latin calleo, that is, to strain, stretch, reach, and with to perfect, that is, to make sound, or to reach the utmost limit. The sense of folly, error, sin, perverseness, is from wandering, deviation, Greek; the sense of skill and understanding is from separation, discernment, or from taking, holding or reaching to, for strength and knowledge are allied, and often from tension. The sense of ignorance and error is from wandering or deviation, or perhaps it proceeds from a negative sense given to the primary verb by the prefix, like ex in Latin, and s in Italian. The Arabic sense of binding and shackles is from straining. The shall and should belong to this family.]

1. The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with readiness and dexterity in execution or performance, or in the application of the art or science to practical purposes. Thus we speak of the skill of a mathematician, of a surveyor, of a physician or surgeon, of a mechanic or seaman. So we speak of skill in management or negotiation.

Dryden. Swift.

2. Any particular art. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Skill

SKILL, verb transitive To know; to understand. Obs.

Skill

SKILL, verb intransitive To be knowing in; to be dextrous in performance. Obs.

Spenser.

2. To differ; to make difference; to matter or be of interest. Obs.

Hooker. Bacon.

[This is the Teutonic and Gothic sense of the word.]

Skilled

SKILL'ED, adjective Having familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity in the application of it; familiarly acquainted with; followed by in; as a professor skilled in logic or geometry; one skilled in the art of engraving.

Skilless

SKIL'LESS, adjective Wanting skill; artless. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Skillet

SKIL'LET, noun [Qu. French ecuelle, ecuellette.] A small vessel of iron, copper or other metal, with a long handle; used for heating and boiling water and other culinary purposes.

Skillful

SKILL'FUL, adjective Knowing; well versed in any art; hence, dextrous; able in management; able to perform nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions; as a skillful mechanic; a skillful operator in surgery.

2. Well versed in practice; as a skillful physician.

It is followed by at or in; as skillful at the organ; skillful in drawing.

Skillfully

SKILL'FULLY, adverb With skill; with nice art; dextrously; as a machine skillfully made; a ship skillfully managed.

Skillfulness

SKILL'FULNESS, noun The quality of possessing skill; dextrousness; ability to perform well in any art or business, or to manage affairs with judgment and exactness, or according to good taste or just rules; knowledge and ability derived from experience.

Skilling

SKIL'LING, noun An isle or bay of a barn; also, a slight addition to a cottage. [Local.]

Skilt

SKILT, noun [See Skill.] Difference. Obs.

Cleaveland.

Skim

SKIM, noun [a different orthography of scum; French ecume; Italian schiuma; German schaum; Dutch schuim; Danish Swedish skum; Irish sgeimhim, to skim.]

Scum; the thick matter that forms on the surface of a liquor. [Little used.]

Skim

SKIM, verb transitive To take off the thick gross matter which separates from any liquid substance and collects on the surface; as, to skim milk by taking off the cream.

2. To take off by skimming; as, to skim cream.

Dryden.

3. To pass near the surface; to brush the surface slightly.

The swallow skims the river's wat'ry face.

Dryden.

Skim

SKIM, verb intransitive To pass lightly; to glide along in an even smooth course, or without flapping; as, an eagle or hawk skims along the etherial regions.

2. To glide along near the surface; to pass lightly.

Pope.

3. To hasten over superficially or with slight attention.

They skim over a science in a superficial survey.

Watts.

Skimble-Scamble

SKIMBLE-SCAMBLE, adjective [a duplication of scamble.] Wandering; disorderly. [A low unauthorized word.]

Shak.

Skim-Coulter

SKIM'-COULTER, noun A coulter for paring off the surface of land.

Skimmed

SKIM'MED, participle passive Taken from the surface; having the thick matter taken from the surface; brushed along.

Skimmer

SKIM'MER, noun An utensil in the form of a scoop; used for skimming liquors.

2. One that skims over a subject. [Little used.]

3. A sea fowl, the cut-water, (Rhyncops nigra.)

Skim-Milk

SKIM'-MILK, noun Milk from which the cream has been taken.

Skimmings

SKIM'MINGS, n. plu. Matter skimmed from the surface of liquors.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Skin

SKIN, noun [Saxon scin; Swedish skinn; Danish skind, a skin; German schinden, to flay; Irish scann, a membrane; Welsh ysgin, a robe made of skin, a pelisse, said to be from cin, a spread or covering. But in Welsh, cÃƒ-¨n is a skin, peel or rind. This may signify a covering, or a peel, from stripping.]

1. The natural covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. The cuticle is very thin and insensible; the cutis is thicker and very sensible.

Harvey.

2. A hide; a pelt; the skin of an animal separated from the body, whether green, dry or tanned.

3. The body; the person; in ludicrous language.

L'Estrange.

4. The bark or husk of a plant; the exterior coat of fruits and plants.

Skin

SKIN, verb transitive To strip off the skin or hide; to flay; to peel.

Ellis.

2. To cover with skin.

Dryden.

3. To cover superficially.

Addison.

Skin

SKIN, verb intransitive To be covered with skin; as, a wound skins over.

Skindeep

SKIN'DEEP, adjective Superficial; not deep; slight.

Feltham.

Skinflint

SKIN'FLINT, noun [skin and flint.] A very niggardly person.

Skink

SKINK, noun [Saxon scenc.] Drink; pottage. Obs.

Bacon.

2. [Latin scincus.] A small lizard of Egypt; also, the common name of a genus of lizards, with a long body entirely covered with rounded imbricate scales, all natives of warm climates.

Ed. Encyc.

Skink

SKINK, verb intransitive [Saxon scencan; German, Dutch schenken; Danish skienker; Swedish sk?nka; Icelandic skenkia, to bestow, to make a present.] To serve drink. Obs.

Skinker

SKINK'ER, noun One that serves liquors. Obs.

Shak.

Skinless

SKIN'LESS, adjective [from skin.] Having a thin skin; as skinless fruit.

Skinned

SKIN'NED, participle passive Stripped of the skin; flayed.

2. Covered with skin.

Skinner

SKIN'NER, noun One that skins.

2. One that deals in skins, pelts or hides.

Skinniness

SKIN'NINESS, noun The quality of being skinny.

Skinny

SKIN'NY, adjective Consisting of skin, or of skin only; wanting flesh.

Ray. Addison.

Skip

SKIP, verb intransitive [Danish kipper, to leap; Icelandic skopa.]

To leap; to bound; to spring; as a goat or lamb.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,

Had he thy reason, would he skip and play?

Pope.

To skip over, to pass without notice; to omit.

Bacon.

Skip

SKIP, verb transitive To pass over or by; to omit; to miss.

They who have a mind to see the issue, may skip these two chapters.

Burnet.

Skip

SKIP, noun A leap; a bound; a spring.

Sidney.

Skip-Jack

SKIP'-JACK, noun An upstart.

L'Estrange.

Skip-Kennel

SKIP'-KENNEL, noun A lackey; a footboy.

Skipper

SKIP'PER, noun [Danish skipper; Dutch schipper. See Ship.] The master of a small trading vessel.

2. [from skip.] A dancer.

3. A youngling; a young thoughtless person.

Shak.

4. The hornfish, so called.

5. The cheese maggot.

Skippet

SKIP'PET, noun [See Ship and Skiff.] A small boat. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Skipping

SKIP'PING, participle of the present tense Leaping; bounding. Skipping notes, in music, are notes that are not in regular course, but separate.

Skippingly

SKIP'PINGLY, adverb By leaps.

Skirmish

SKIRMISH, n. skur'mish. [French escarmouche; Italian scaramuccia; Spanish escaramuza; Portugese escaramuÃƒ-§a; German scharmÃƒ-¼tzel; Dutch schermutseling; Swedish sk?rmytsel; Danish skiermydsel; Welsh ysgarm, outcry; ysgarmu, to shout; ysgarmes, a shouting, a skirmish; from garm, a shout. The primary sense is to throw or drive. In some of the languages, skirmish appears to be connected with a word signifying defense; but defense is from driving, repelling.]

1. A slight fight in war; a light combat by armies at a great distance from each other, or between detachments and small parties.

2. A contest; a contention.

They never meet but there's a skirmish of wit.

Shak.

Skirmish

SKIRM'ISH, verb intransitive To fight slightly or in small parties.

Skirmisher

SKIRM'ISHER, noun One that skirmishes.

Skirmishing

SKIRM'ISHING, participle of the present tense Fighting slightly or in detached parties.

Skirmishing

SKIRM'ISHING, noun The act of fighting in a loose or slight encounter.

Skirr

SKIRR, verb transitive To scour; to ramble over in order to clear. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Skirr

SKIRR, verb intransitive To scour; to scud; to run hastily. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Skirret

SKIR'RET, noun A plant of the genus Sium.

Lee. Mortimer.

Skirrus

SKIR'RUS. [See Scirrhus.]

Skirt

SKIRT, n. skurt. [Swedish skiorta, a shift or close garment; Danish skiort, a petticoat; skiorte, a shirt, a shift. These words seem to be from the root of short, from cutting off.]

1. The lower and loose part of a coat or other garment; the part below the waist; as the skirt of a coat or mantle. 1 Samuel 15.

2. The edge of any part of dress.

Addison.

3. Border; edge; margin; extreme part; as the skirt of a forest; the skirt of a town.

Dryden.

4. A woman's garment like a petticoat.

5. The diaphragm or midriff in animals.

To spread the skirt over, in Scripture, to take under one's care and protection. Ruth 3.

Skirt

SKIRT, verb transitive To border; to form the border or edge; or to run along the edge; as a plain skirted by rows of trees; a circuit skirted round with wood.

Addison.

Skirt

SKIRT, verb intransitive To be on the border; to live near the extremity.

SavagesÃ‚--who skirt along our western frontiers.

S. S. Smith.

Skirted

SKIRT'ED, participle passive Bordered.

Skirting

SKIRT'ING, participle of the present tense Bordering; forming a border.

Skit

SKIT, noun A wanton girl; a reflection; a jeer or jibe; a whim. Obs.

Skit

SKIT, verb transitive [Saxon scitan; primarily to throw, to shoot.] To cast reflections. [Local.]

Grose.

Skittish

SKIT'TISH, adjective [Qu. French ecouteux. See Scud.]

1. Shy; easily frightened; shunning familiarity; timorous; as a restif skittish jade.

L'Estrange.

2. Wanton; volatile; hasty.

Shak.

3. Changeable; fickle; as skittish fortune.

Shak.

Skittishly

SKIT'TISHLY, adverb Shyly; wantonly; changeably.

Skittishness

SKIT'TISHNESS, noun Shyness; aptness to fear approach; timidity.

2. Fickleness; wantonness.

Skittles

SKIT'TLES, noun Nine pins.

Warton.

Skolezite

SKOL'EZITE, noun A mineral allied to Thomsonite, occurring crystalized and massive, colorless and nearly transparent. When a small portion of it is placed in the exterior flame of the blowpipe, it twists like a worm, [,] becomes opake, and is converted into a blebby colorless glass.

Phillips.

Skonce

SKONCE. [See Sconce.]

Skoradite

SKOR'ADITE, noun [Greek, garlic; from its smell under the blowpipe.]

A mineral of a greenish color of different shades, or brown and nearly black, resembling the martial arseniate of copper. It occurs massive, but generally crystalized in rectangular prisms.

Ure. Phillips.

Skreen

SKREEN, [See Screen.]

Skringe

SKRINGE, properly scringe; a vulgar corruption of cringe.

Skue

SKUE. [See Skew.]

Skug

SKUG, verb transitive To hide. [Local.]

Skulk

SKULK, verb intransitive To lurk; to withdraw into a corner or into a close place for concealment. [See Sculk.]

Skull

SKULL, noun [Swedish skalle, skull; skal, a shell; Danish skal, a shell, the skull, and skoll, the skull; Dutch scheel; German hirn-schale, brain-shell; Spanish cholla. See Shell.]

1. The bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses the brain; the brainpan. It is composed of several parts united at the sutures.

2. A person.

Skulls that cannot teach and will not learn.

Cowper.

3. Skull, for shoal or school, of fish. [Not used.]

Skull-Cap

SKULL'-CAP, noun A head piece.

2. A plant of the genus Scutellaria.

Encyc.

Skunk

SKUNK, noun In America, the popular name of a fetid animal of the weasel kind; the Viverra Mephitis of Linne.

Skunkcabbage

SKUNK'CABBAGE, or SKUNK'WEED, noun A plant vulgarly so called, the Tetodes foetidus, so named from its smell.

Bigelow.

Skute

SKUTE, noun A boat. [See Scow.]

Sky

SKY, noun [Swedish sky, Danish skye, a cloud; Danish sky-himmel, the vault of heaven.]

1. The aerial region which surrounds the earth; the apparent arch or vault of heaven, which in a clear day is of a blue color.

Milton.

2. The heavens.

Dryden.

3. The weather; the climate.

Johnson.

4. A cloud; a shadow. Obs.

Gower.

Sky-Color

SKY'-COLOR, noun The color of the sky; a particular species of blue color; azure.

Boyle.

Sky-Colored

SKY'-COLORED, adjective Like the sky in color; blue; azure.

Addison.

Sky-Dyed

SKY'-DYED, adjective Colored like the sky.

Pope.

Skyey

SKY'EY, adjective Like the sky; etherial.

Shak.

Skyish

SKY'ISH, adjective Like the sky, or approaching the sky.

The skyish head

Of blue Olympus. [A bad word.]

Shak.

Sky-Lark

SKY'-L`ARK, noun A lark that mounts and sings as it flies. (Alauda arvensis.)

Spectator.

Sky-Light

SKY'-LIGHT, noun A window placed in the top of a house or ceiling of a room for the admission of light.

Pope.

Sky-Rocket

SKY'-ROCKET, noun A rocket that ascends high and burns as it flies; a species of fire works.

Addison.

Slab

SLAB, adjective Thick; viscous. [Not used.]

Shak.

Slab

SLAB, noun [Welsh llab, yslab, a thin strip.] A plane or table of stone; as a marble slab.

2. An outside piece taken from timber in sawing it into boards, planks, &c.

3. A puddle. [See Slop.]

Evelyn.

Slabs of tin, the lesser masses which the workers cast the metal into. These are run into molds of stone.

Slabber

SLAB'BER, verb intransitive [Dutch slabben; German schlabben, schlabern.]

To let the saliva or other liquid fall from the mouth carelessly; to drivel. It is also written slaver.

Slabber

SLAB'BER, verb transitive To sup up hastily, as liquid food.

Barret.

2. To wet and foul by liquids suffered to fall carelessly from the mouth.

3. To shed; to spill.

Slabberer

SLAB'BERER, noun One that slabbers; an idiot.

Slabbering

SLAB'BERING, participle of the present tense Driveling.

Slabby

SLAB'BY, adjective Thick; viscous. [Not much used.]

Wiseman.

2. Wet. [See Sloppy.]

Slab-Line

SLAB'-LINE, noun A line or small rope by which seamen truss up the main-sail or fore-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Slack

SLACK, adjective [Saxon sloec; Swedish slak; Welsh llac, yslac. See the Verb.]

1. Not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as a slack rope; slack rigging; slack shrouds.

2. Weak; remiss; not holding fast; as a slack hand.

3. Remiss; backward; not using due diligence; not earnest or eager; as slack in duty or service; slack in business.

4. Not violent; not rapid; slow; as a slack pace.

Dryden.

Slack in stays, in seamen's language, slow in going about; as a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Slack water, in seamen's language, the time when the tide runs slowly, or the water is at rest; or the interval between the flux and reflux of the tide.

Mar. Dict.

Slack

SLACK, adverb Partially; insufficiently; not intensely; as slack dried hops; bread slack baked.

Mortimer.

Slack

SLACK, noun The part of a rope that hangs loose, having no stress upon it.

Mar. Dict.

Slack

SLACK, or SLACK'EN, verb intransitive [Saxon slacian; Dutch slaaken; Swedish slakna; Welsh yslacÃƒ-¢u and yslaciaw, to slacken, to loosen, from llac, llag, slack, loose, lax, sluggish.]

1. To become less tense, firm or rigid; to decrease in tension; as, a wet cord slackens in dry weather.

2. To be remiss or backward; to neglect. Deuteronomy 23.

3. To lose cohesion or the quality of adhesion; as, lime slacks and crumbles into powder.

Moxon.

4. To abate; to become less violent.

Whence these raging fires

Will slacken, if his breath stir not their flames.

Milton.

5. To lose rapidity; to become more slow; as, a current of water slackens; the tide slackens.

Mar. Dict.

6. To languish; to fail; to flag.

Ainsworth.

Slack

SLACK, or SLACK'EN, verb transitive To lessen tension; to make less tense or tight; as, to slacken a rope or a bandage.

2. To relax; to remit; as, to slacken exertion or labor.

3. To mitigate; to diminish in severity; as, to slacken pain.

4. To become more slow; to lessen rapidity; as, to slacken one's pace.

5. To abate; to lower; as, to slacken the heat of a fire.

6. To relieve; to unbend; to remit; as, to slacken cares.

Denham.

7. To withhold; to use less liberally.

Shak.

8. To deprive of cohesion; as, to slack lime.

Mortimer.

9. To repress; to check.

I should be griev'd, young prince, to think my presence

Unbent your thoughts and slacken'd 'em to arms.

Addison.

10. To neglect.

Slack not the good presage.

Dryden.

11. To repress, or make less quick or active.

Addison.

Slack

SLACK, noun Small coal; coal broken into small parts.

Eng.

Slack

SLACK, noun A valley or small shallow dell. [Local.]

Grose.

Slacken

SLACK'EN, noun Among miners, a spungy semi-vitrified substance which they mix with the ores of metals to prevent their fusion.

Encyc.

Slackly

SLACK'LY, adverb Not tightly; loosely.

2. Negligently; remissly.

Slackness

SLACK'NESS, noun Looseness; the state opposite to tension; not tightness or rigidness; as the slackness of a cord or rope.

2. Remissness; negligence; inattention; as the slackness of men in business or duty; slackness in the performance of engagements.

Hooker.

3. Slowness; tardiness; want of tendency; as the slackness of flesh to heal.

Sharp.

4. Weakness; not intenseness.

Brerewood.

Slade

SLADE, noun [Saxon sloed.] A little dell or valley; also, a flat piece of low moist ground. [Local.]

Drayton.

Slag

SLAG, noun [Danish slagg.] The dross or recrement of a metal; or vitrified cinders.

Boyle. Kirwan.

Slaie

SLAIE, n. sla. [Saxon sloe.] A weaver's reed.

Slain

SLAIN, participle passive of slay; so written for slayen. Killed.

Slake

SLAKE, verb transitive [Swedish sl?cka, Icelandic sloecka, to quench. It seems to be allied to lay.] To quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst.

And slake the heav'nly fire.

Spenser.

Slake

SLAKE, verb intransitive To go out; to become extinct.

Brown.

2. To grow less tense. [a mistake for slack.]

Slam

SLAM, verb transitive [Icelandic lema, to strike, Old lam; Saxon hlemman, to sound.]

1. To strike with force and noise; to shut with violence; as, to slam a door.

2. To beat; to cuff. [Local.]

Grose.

3. To strike down; to slaughter. [Local.]

4. To win all the tricks in a hand; as we say, to take all at a stroke or dash.

Slam

SLAM, noun A violent driving and dashing against; a violent shutting of a door.

2. Defeat at cards, or the winning of all the tricks.

3. The refuse of alum-works; used in York-shire as a manure, with sea weed and lime. [Local.]

Slamkin

SLAM'KIN, or SLAM'MERKIN, noun [German schlampe.] A slut; a slatternly woman. [Not used or local.]

Slander

SLA`NDER, noun [Norm. esclaunder; French esclandre; Russian klenu, klianu, to slander; Swedish klandra, to accuse or blame.]

1. A false tale or report maliciously uttered, and tending to injure the reputation of another by lessening him in the esteem of his fellow citizens, by exposing him to impeachment and punishment, or by impairing his means of living; defamation.

Blackstone.

Slander, that worst of poisons, ever finds

An easy entrance to ignoble minds.

Hervey.

2. Disgrace; reproach; disreputation; ill name.

Shak.

Slander

SLA`NDER, verb transitive To defame; to injure by maliciously uttering a false report respecting one; to tarnish or impair the reputation of one by false tales, maliciously told or propagated.

Slandered

SLA`NDERED, participle passive Defamed; injured in good name by false and malicious reports.

Slanderer

SLA`NDERER, noun A defamer; one who injures another by maliciously reporting something to his prejudice.

Slandering

SLA`NDERING, participle of the present tense Defaming.

Slanderous

SLA`NDEROUS, adjective That utters defamatory words or tales; as a slanderous tongue.

Pope.

2. Containing slander or defamation; calumnious; as slanderous words, speeches or reports, false and maliciously uttered.

3. Scandalous; reproachful.

Slanderously

SL`ANDEROUSLY, adverb With slander; calumniously; with false and malicious reproach.

Slanderousness

SL`ANDEROUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being slanderous or defamatory.

Slang

SLANG, old pret. of sling. We now use slung.

Slang

SLANG, noun Low vulgar unmeaning language. [Low.]

Slank

SLANK, noun A plant. [alga marina.]

Ainsworth.

Slant

SL`ANT, or SL`ANTING, adjective [Swedish slinta, slant, to slip; perhaps allied to Welsh ysglent, a slide; and if Ln are the radical letters, this coincides with lean, incline.]

Sloping; oblique; inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal or perpendicular; as a slanting ray of light; a slanting floor.

Slant

SL`ANT, verb transitive To turn from a direct line; to give an oblique or sloping direction to.

Fuller.

Slant

SL`ANT, noun An oblique reflection or gibe; a sarcastic remark. [In vulgar use.]

2. A copper coin of Sweden, of which 196 pass for one rix-dollar.

Slantingly

SL`ANTINGLY, adverb With a slope or inclination; also, with an oblique hint or remark.

Slantly

SL`ANTLY, or SL`ANTWISE, adverb Obliquely; in an inclined direction.

Tusser.

Slap

SLAP, noun [German schlappe, a slap; schlappen, to lap; Welsh yslapiaw, to slap, from yslab, that is lengthened, from llab, a stroke or slap; llabiaw, to slap, to strap. The Dutch has flap and klap; Italian schiaffo, for schlaffo; Latin alapa and schloppus; Chaldee Syriac. Class Lb. No. 36.]

A blow given with the open hand, or with something broad.

Slap

SLAP, verb transitive To strike with the open hand, or with something broad.

Slap

SLAP, adverb With a sudden and violent blow.

Arbuthnot.

Slapdash

SLAP'DASH, adverb [slap and dash.] All at once. [Low.]

Slape

SLAPE, adjective Slippery; smooth. [Local.]

Grose.

Slapper

SLAP'PER, or SLAP'PING, adjective Very large. [Vulgar.]

Slash

SLASH, verb transitive [Icelandic slasa, to strike, to lash; Welsh llÃƒ-¡th. Qu.]

1. To cut by striking violently and at random; to cut in long cuts.

2. To lash.

Slash

SLASH, verb intransitive To strike violently and at random with a sword, hanger or other edged instrument; to lay about one with blows.

Hewing and slashing at their idle shades.

Spenser.

Slash

SLASH, noun A long cut; a cut made at random.

Clarendon.

Slashed

SLASH'ED, participle passive Cut at random.

Slashing

SLASH'ING, participle of the present tense Striking violently and cutting at random.

Slat

SLAT, noun [This is doubtless the sloat of the English dictionaries. See Sloat.]

A narrow piece of board or timber used to fasten together larger pieces; as the slats of a cart or a chair.

Slatch

SLATCH, noun In seamen's language, the period of a transitory breeze.

Mar. Dict.

2. An interval of fair weather.

Bailey.

3. Slack. [See Slack.]

Slate

SLATE, noun [French eclater, to split, Swedish slita; Irish sglata, a tile. Class Ld.]

1. An argillaceous stone which readily splits into plates; argillite; argillaceous shist.

2. A piece of smooth argillaceous stone, used for covering buildings.

3. A piece of smooth stone of the above species, used for writing on.

Slate

SLATE, verb transitive To cover with slate or plates of stone; as, to slate a roof. [It does not signify to tile.]

Slate

SLATE, or SLETE, verb transitive To set a dog loose at any thing. [Local.]

Ray.

Slate-Ax

SLA'TE-AX, noun A mattock with an ax-end; used in slating.

Encyc.

Slated

SLA'TED, participle passive Covered with slate.

Slater

SLA'TER, noun One that lays slates, or whose occupation is to slate buildings.

Slating

SLA'TING, participle of the present tense Covering with slates.

Slatter

SLAT'TER, verb intransitive [German schlottern, to hang loosely; schlotterig, negligent. See Slut.]

1. To be careless of dress and dirty.

Ray.

2. To be careless, negligent or awkward; to spill carelessly.

Slattern

SLAT'TERN, noun A woman who is negligent of her dress, or who suffers her clothes and furniture to be in disorder; one who is not neat and nice.

Slattern

SLAT'TERN, verb transitive To slattern away, to consume carelessly or wastefully; to waste. [Unusual.]

Chesterfield.

Slatternly

SLAT'TERNLY, adverb Negligently; awkwardly.

Chesterfield.

Slaty

SLA'TY, adjective [from slate.] Resembling slate; having the nature or properties of slate; as a slaty color or texture; a slaty feel.

Slaughter

SLAUGHTER, n. slaw'ter. [Saxon sloege; Dutch slagting; German schlachten, to kill; Irish slaighe; slaighim, to slay. See Slay.]

1. In a general sense, a killing. Applied to men, slaughter usually denotes great destruction of life by violent means; as the slaughter of men in battle.

2. Applied to beasts, butchery; a killing of oxen or other beasts for market.

Slaughter

SLAUGHTER, v. t. slaw'ter. To kill; to slay; to make great destruction of life; as, to slaughter men in battle.

2. To butcher; to kill for the market; as beasts.

Slaughtered

SLAUGHTERED, pp. slaw'tered. Slain; butchered.

Slaughter-House

SLAUGHTER-HOUSE, n. slaw'ter-house. A house where beasts are butchered for the market.

Slaughtering

SLAUGHTERING, ppr. slaw'tering. Killing; destroying human life; butchering.

Slaughter-Man

SLAUGHTER-MAN, n. slaw'ter-man. One employed in killing.

Shak.

Slaughterous

SLAUGHTEROUS, a. slaw'terous. Destructive; murderous.

Shak.

Slave

SLAVE, noun [Dutch slaaf; German sclave; Danish slave, sclave; Swedish slaf; French esclave; Armoric sclaff; Italian schiavo; Spanish esclavo; Portugese escravo; Irish sclabhadh. This word is commonly deduced from Sclavi, Sclavonians, the name of a people who were made slaves by the Venetians. But this is not certain.]

1. A person who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who has no will of his own, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another. In the early state of the world, and to this day among some barbarous nations, prisoners of war are considered and treated as slaves. The slaves of modern times are more generally purchased, like horses and oxen.

2. One who has lost the power of resistance; or one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as a slave to passion, to lust, to ambition.

Waller.

3. A mean person; one in the lowest state of life.

4. A drudge; one who labors like a slave.

Slave

SLAVE, verb intransitive To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.

Slaveborn

SLA'VEBORN, adjective Born in slavery.

Slavelike

SLA'VELIKE, adjective Like or becoming a slave.

Slaver

SLAV'ER, noun [the same as slabber.] Saliva driveling from the mouth.

Pope.

Slaver

SLAV'ER, verb intransitive To suffer the spittle to issue from the mouth.

2. To be besmeared with saliva.

Shak.

Slaver

SLAV'ER, verb transitive To smear with saliva issuing from the mouth; to defile with drivel.

Slavered

SLAV'ERED, participle passive Defiled with drivel.

Slaverer

SLAV'ERER, noun A driveler; an idiot.

Slavering

SLAV'ERING, participle of the present tense Letting fall saliva.

Slavery

SLA'VERY, noun [See Slave.] Bondage; the state of entire subjection of one person to the will of another.

Slavery is the obligation to labor for the benefit of the master, without the contract or consent of the servant.

Paley.

Slavery may proceed from crimes, from captivity or from debt. Slavery is also voluntary or involuntary; voluntary, when a person sells or yields his own person to the absolute command of another; involuntary, when he is placed under the absolute power of another without his own consent. Slavery no longer exists in Great Britain, nor in the northern states of America.

2. The offices of a slave; drudgery.

Slave-Trade

SLA'VE-TRADE, noun [slave and trade.] The barbarous and wicked business of purchasing men and women, transporting them to a distant country and selling them for slaves.

Slavish

SLA'VISH, adjective Pertaining to slaves; servile; mean; base; such as becomes a slave; as a slavish dependence on the great.

2. Servile; laborious; consisting in drudgery; as a slavish life.

Slavishly

SLA'VISHLY, adverb Servilely; meanly; basely.

2. In the manner of a slave or drudge.

Slavishness

SLA'VISHNESS, noun The state or quality of being slavish; servility; meanness.

Slavonic

SLAVON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Slavons or ancient inhabitants of Russia.

Slavonic

SLAVON'IC, noun The Slavonic language.

Slay

SLAY, verb transitive pret. slew; pp. slain. [Saxon sloegan, slagan; Gothic slahan; German schlagen; Dutch slaaen; Swedish slÃƒ-¥; Danish slaaer, to strike, to kill. The proper sense is to strike, and as beating was an early mode of killing, this word, like smite, came to signify to kill. It seems to be formed on the root of lay; as we say, to lay on.]

1. To kill; to put to death by a weapon or by violence. We say, he slew a man with a sword, with a stone, or with a club, or with other arms; but we never say, the sherif slays a malefactor with a halter, or a man is slain on the gallows or by poison.

So that slay retains something of its primitive sense of striking or beating. It is particularly applied to killing in battle, but is properly applied also to the killing of an individual man or beast.

2. To destroy.

Slayer

SLA'YER, noun One that slays; a killer; a murderer; an assassin; a destroyer of life.

Slaying

SLA'YING, participle of the present tense Killing; destroying life.

Sleave

SLEAVE, noun [Icelandic slefa.] The knotted or entangled part of silk or thread; silk or thread untwisted.

Drayton.

Sleave

SLEAVE, verb transitive To separate threads; or to divide a collection of threads; to sley; a word used by weavers.

Sleaved

SLE'AVED, adjective Raw; not spun or wrought.

Holinshed.

Sleazy

SLE'AZY, or SLEE'ZY, adjective [probably from the root of loose; Saxon lysan, alysan, to loose.]

Thin; flimsy; wanting firmness of texture or substance; as sleezy silk or muslin.

Sled

SLED, noun [Dutch sleede; German schlitten; Swedish sl?de; Danish sloede; Welsh ysled; probably from sliding or drawing.]

A carriage or vehicle moved on runners, much used in America for conveying heavy weights in winter, as timber, wood, stone and the like.

Sled

SLED, verb transitive To convey or transport on a sled; as, to sled wood or timber.

Sledded

SLED'DED, participle passive Conveyed on a sled.

2. Mounted on a sled.

Shak.

Sledding

SLED'DING, participle of the present tense Conveying on a sled.

Sledding

SLED'DING, noun The act of transporting on a sled.

2. The means of conveying on sleds; snow sufficient for the running of sleds. Thus we say in America, when there is snow sufficient to run a sled, it is good sledding; the sledding is good. Sometimes in New England, there is little or no good sledding during the winter.

Sledge

SLEDGE, noun [Saxon slecge, slege; Dutch sley; Danish slegge; Swedish sl?gga; from the root of slay, to strike.]

1. A large heavy hammer; used chiefly by ironsmiths.

2. In England, a sled; a vehicle moved on runners or on low wheels. In this sense, the word is not used in America; but the same word is used in a somewhat different sense, and written sleigh.

Sleek

SLEEK, adjective [Dutch lekken, to leak, to smooth or sleek; gelekt, made smooth; German schlicht; allied to lick, or German gleich, even, equal, like. See Like.]

1. Smooth; having an even smooth surface; whence, glossy; as sleek hair.

So sleek her skin, so faultless was her makeÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. Not rough or harsh.

Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleekÃ‚--

Milton.

Sleek

SLEEK, noun That which makes smooth; varnish. [Little used.]

Sleek

SLEEK, verb transitive To make even and smooth; as, to sleek the hair.

B. Jonson.

2. To render smooth, soft and glossy.

Gentle, my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks.

Shak.

Sleek

SLEEK, adverb With ease and dexterity; with exactness. [Vulgar.]

Sleekly

SLEE'KLY, adverb Smoothly; nicely.

Sleekness

SLEE'KNESS, noun Smoothness of surface.

Feltham.

Sleekstone

SLEE'KSTONE, noun A smoothing stone.

Peacham.

Sleeky

SLEE'KY, adjective Of a sleek or smooth appearance. [Not in use.]

Thomson.

Sleep

SLEEP, verb intransitive pret. and pp. slept. [Saxon slepan, sloepan; Gothic slepan; German schlafen; Dutch slaapen. This word seems to be allied to words which signify to rest or to relax; German schlaff.]

1. To take rest by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of the powers of the body and mind. The proper time to sleep is during the darkness of night.

2. To rest; to be unemployed; to be inactive or motionless; as, the sword sleeps in its sheath.

3. To rest; to lie or be still; not to be noticed or agitated. The question sleeps for the present.

4. To live thoughtlessly.

We sleep over our happinessÃ‚--

Atterbury.

5. To be dead; to rest in the grave for a time. 1 Thessalonians 4.

6. To be careless, inattentive or unconcerned; not to be vigilant.

Shak.

Sleep

SLEEP, noun That state of an animal in which the voluntary exertion of his mental and corporeal powers is suspended, and he rests unconscious of what passes around him, and not affected by the ordinary impressions of external objects. Sleep is generally attended with a relaxation of the muscles, but the involuntary motions, as respiration and the circulation of the blood, are continued. The mind is often very active in sleep; but its powers not being under the control of reason, its exercises are very irregular. Sleep is the natural rest or repose intended by the Creator to restore the powers of the body and mind, when exhausted or fatigued.

Sleep of plants, a state of plants at night, when their leaves droop or are folded.

Linne.

Sleeper

SLEE'PER, noun A person that sleeps; also, a drone or lazy person.

Grew.

2. That which lies dormant, as a law not executed. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

3. An animal that lies dormant in winter, as the bear, the marmot, &c.

Encyc.

4. In building, the oblique rafter that lies in a gutter.

Encyc.

5. In New England, a floor timber.

6. In ship-building, a thick piece of timber placed longitudinally in a ship's hold, opposite the several scarfs of the timbers, for strengthening the bows and sternframe, particularly in the Greenland ships; or a piece of long compass-timber fayed and bolted diagonally upon the transoms.

Mar. Dict. Encyc.

7. In the glass trade, a large iron bar crossing the smaller ones, hindering the passage of coals, but leaving room for the ashes.

Encyc.

8. A platform.

9. A fish. [exocoetus.]

Ainsworth.

Sleepful

SLEE'PFUL, adjective Strongly inclined to sleep. [Little used.]

Sleepfulness

SLEE'PFULNESS, noun Strong inclination to sleep. [Little used.]

Sleepily

SLEE'PILY, adverb Drowsily; with desire to sleep.

2. Dully; in a lazy manner; heavily.

Raleigh.

3. Stupidly.

Atterbury.

Sleepiness

SLEE'PINESS, noun Drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

Arbuthnot.

Sleeping

SLEE'PING, participle of the present tense Resting; reposing in sleep.

Sleeping

SLEE'PING, noun The state of resting in sleep.

2. The state of being at rest, or not stirred or agitated.

Shak.

Sleepless

SLEE'PLESS, adjective Having no sleep; without sleep; wakeful.

2. Having no rest; perpetually agitated; as Biscay's sleepless bay.

Byron.

Sleeplessness

SLEE'PLESSNESS, noun Want or destitution of sleep.

Sleepy

SLEE'PY, adjective Drowsy; inclined to sleep.

2. Not awake.

She wak'd her sleepy crew.

Dryden.

3. Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as a sleepy drink or potion.

Milton. Shak.

4. Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish.

Shak.

Sleet

SLEET, noun [Danish slud, loose weather, rain and snow together; Icelandic sletta.]

1. A fall of hail or snow and rain together, usually in fine particles.

Dryden.

2. In gunnery, the part of a mortar passing from the chamber to the turnnions for strengthening that part.

Encyc.

Sleet

SLEET, verb intransitive To snow or hail with a mixture of rain.

Sleety

SLEE'TY, adjective Bringing sleet.

Warton.

2. Consisting of sleet.

Sleeve

SLEEVE, noun [Saxon slef, slyf; Welsh llawes; said to be from llaw, the hand.]

1. The part of a garment that is fitted to cover the arm; as the sleeve of a coat or gown.

2. The raveled sleeve of care, in Shakspeare. [See Sleave.]

To laugh in the sleeve, to laugh privately or unperceived; that is perhaps, originally, by hiding the face under the sleeve or arm.

Arbuthnot.

To hang on the sleeve, to be or make dependent on others.

Ainsworth.

Sleeve

SLEEVE, verb transitive To furnish with sleeves; to put in sleeves.

Sleeve-Button

SLEE'VE-BUTTON, noun A button to fasten the sleeve or wristband.

Sleeved

SLEE'VED, adjective Having sleeves.

Sleeveless

SLEE'VELESS, adjective Having no sleeves; as a sleeveless coat.

Sandys.

2. Wanting a cover, pretext or palliation; unreasonable; as a sleeveless tale of tran substantiation; a sleeveless errand. [Little used.]

Hall. Spectator.

Sleid

SLEID, verb transitive To sley or prepare for use in the weaver's sley or slaie.

Sleigh

SLEIGH, n. sla. [probably allied to sleek.] A vehicle moved on runners, and greatly used in America for transporting persons or goods on snow or ice. [This word the English write and pronounce sledge, and apply it to what we call a sled.]

Sleight

SLEIGHT, n. slite. [German schlich, trick, cunning; schlicht, plain, sleek; Swedish sl?g, dextrous; Dutch sluik, underhand; sluiken, to smuggle; Irish slightheach, sly.]

1. An artful trick; sly artifice; a trick or feat so dextrously performed that the manner of performance escapes observation; as sleight of hand, French legerdemain. Not improbably sleight and French leger, light, may have a common origin.

2. Dextrous practice; dexterity.

Sleightful

SLEIGHTFUL, or SLEIGHTY, adjective Artful; cunningly dextrous.

Slender

SLEN'DER, adjective [Old Dutch slinder. This word is probably formed on the root of lean, Teutonic klein.]

1. Thin; small in circumference compared with the length; not thick; as a slender stem or stalk of a plant.

2. Small in the waist; not thick or gross. A slender waist is considered as a beauty.

3. Not strong; small; slight.

Mighty hearts are held in slender chains.

Pope.

4. Weak; feeble; as slender hope; slender probabilities; a slender constitution.

5. Small; inconsiderable; as a man of slender parts.

6. Small; inadequate; as slender means of support; a slender pittance.

Shak.

7. Not amply supplied.

The good Ostorius often deign'd

To grace my slender table

Philips.

8. Spare; abstemious; as a slender diet.

Arbuthnot.

Slenderly

SLEN'DERLY, adverb Without bulk.

2. Slightly; meanly; as a debt to be slenderly regarded.

Hayward.

3. Insufficiently; as a table slenderly supplied.

Slenderness

SLEN'DERNESS, noun Thinness; smallness of diameter in proportion to the length; as the slenderness of a hair.

Newton.

2. Want of bulk or strength; as the slenderness of a cord or chain.

3. Weakness; slightness; as the slenderness of a reason.

Whitgifte.

4. Weakness; feebleness; as the slenderness of a constitution.

5. Want of plenty; as the slenderness of a supply.

6. Spareness; as slenderness of diet.

Slent

SLENT, verb intransitive To make an oblique remark. [Not used. See Slant.]

Slept

SLEPT, pret. and participle passive of sleep.

Slew

SLEW, pret. of slay.

Sley

SLEY, noun [Saxon sloe.] A weaver's reed. [See Sleave and Sleid.]

Sley

SLEY, verb transitive To separate; to part threads and arrange them in a reed; as weavers.

Slice

SLICE, verb transitive [German schleissen, to slit; Saxon slitan.]

1. To cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin broad piece.

Sandys.

2. To cut into parts.

Cleaveland.

3. To cut; to divide.

Burnet.

Slice

SLICE, noun A thin broad piece cut off; as a slice of bacon; a slice of cheese; a slice of bread.

2. A broad piece; as a slice of plaster.

Pope.

3. A peel; a spatula; an instrument consisting of a broad plate with a handle, used by apothecaries for spreading plasters, &c.

4. In ship-building, a tapering piece of plank to be driven between the timbers before planking.

Encyc.

Sliced

SLI'CED, participle passive Cut into broad thin pieces.

Slich

SLICH, noun The ore of a metal when pounded and prepared for working.

Encyc.

Slicing

SLI'CING, participle of the present tense Cutting into broad thin pieces.

Slick

SLICK, the popular pronunciation of sleek, and so written by some authors.

Slickensides

SLICK'ENSIDES, noun A name which workmen give to a variety of galena in Derbyshire.

Ure.

Slid

SLID, pret. of slide.

Slid

SLID, or SLID'DEN, participle passive of slide.

Slidder

SLID'DER, verb intransitive [Saxon sliderian, slidrian. See Slide.]

To slide with interruption. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Slidder

SLID'DER, or SLID'DERLY, adjective [See Slide.] Slippery. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Slide

SLIDE, verb intransitive pret. slid; pp. slid, slidden. [Saxon slidan; probably glide, with a different prefix; German gleiten.]

1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without bounding or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, a sled slides on snow or ice; a snow-slip slides down the mountain's side.

2. To move along the surface without stepping; as, a man slides on ice.

3. To pass inadvertently.

Make a door and a bar for thy mouth; beware thou slide not by it.

Ecclus.

4. To pass smoothly along without jerks or agitation; as, a ship or boat slides through the water.

5. To pass in silent unobserved progression.

Ages shall slide away without perceiving.

Dryden.

6. To pass silently and gradually from one state to another; as, to slide insensibly into vicious practices, or into the customs of others.

7. To pass without difficulty or obstruction.

Parts answ'ring parts shall slide into a whole.

Pope.

8. To practice sliding or moving on ice.

They bathe in summer, and in winter slide.

Waller.

9. To slip; to fall.

10. To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course or flow.

Slide

SLIDE, verb transitive To slip; to pass or put in imperceptibly; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.

Watts.

2. To thrust along; or to thrust by slipping; as, to slide along a piece of timber.

Slide

SLIDE, noun A smooth and easy passage; also, a slider.

Bacon.

2. Flow; even course.

Bacon.

Slider

SLI'DER, noun One that slides.

2. The part of an instrument or machine that slides.

Sliding

SLI'DING, participle of the present tense Moving along the surface by slipping; gliding; passing smoothly, easily or imperceptibly.

Sliding

SLI'DING, noun Lapse; falling; used in backsliding.

Sliding-Rule

SLIDING-RULE, noun A mathematical instrument used to determine measure or quantity without compasses, by sliding the parts one by another.

Slight

SLIGHT, adjective [Dutch slegt; German schlecht, plain, simple, mean; Dutch slegten, to level; German schlecken, to lick. It seems that slight belongs to the family of sleek, smooth. Qu. Danish slet, by contraction.]

1. Weak; inconsiderable; not forcible; as a slight impulse; a slight effort.

2. Not deep; as a slight impression.

3. Not violent; as a slight disease, illness or indisposition.

4. Trifling; of no great importance.

Slight is the subject, but not so the praise.

Pope.

5. Not strong; not cogent.

Some firmly embrace doctrines upon slight grounds.

Locke.

6. Negligent; not vehement; not done with effort.

The shaking of the head is a gesture of slight refusal.

Bacon.

7. Not firm or strong; thin; of loose texture; as slight silk.

8. Foolish; silly; weak in intellect.

Hudibras.

Slight

SLIGHT, noun Neglect; disregard; a moderate degree of contempt manifested negatively by neglect. It expresses less than contempt, disdain and scorn.

2. Artifice; dexterity. [See Sleight.]

Slight

SLIGHT, verb transitive To neglect; to disregard from the consideration that a thing is of little value and unworthy of notice; as, to slight the divine commands, or the offers of mercy.

Milton. Locke.

2. To overthrow; to demolish. [Not used.]

Clarendon.

``The rogues slighted me into the river,' in Shakspeare, is not used. [Dutch slegten.]

To slight over, to run over in haste; to perform superficially; to treat carelessly; as, to slight over a theme.

Dryden.

Slighted

SLIGHTED, participle passive Neglected.

Slighten

SLIGHTEN, verb transitive To slight or disregard. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Slighter

SLIGHTER, noun One who neglects.

Slighting

SLIGHTING, participle of the present tense Neglecting; disregarding.

Slightingly

SLIGHTINGLY, adverb With neglect; without respect.

Boyle.

Slightly

SLIGHTLY, adverb Weakly; superficially; with inconsiderable force or effect; in a small degree; as a man slightly wounded; an audience slightly affected with preaching.

2. Negligently; without regard; with moderate contempt.

Hooker. Shak.

Slightness

SLIGHTNESS, noun Weakness; want of force or strength; superficialness; as the slightness of a wound or an impression.

2. Negligence; want of attention; want of vehemence.

How does it reproach the slightness of our sleepy heartless addresses!

Decay of Piety.

Slighty

SLIGHTY, adjective Superficial; slight.

2. Trifling; inconsiderable.

Echard.

Slily

SLI'LY, adverb [from sly.] With artful or dextrous secrecy.

Satan slily robs us of our grand treasure.

Decay of Piety.

Slim

SLIM, adjective [Icelandic] Slender; of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the highth; as a slim person; a slim tree.

2. Weak; slight; unsubstantial.

3. Worthless.

Slime

SLIME, noun [Saxon slim; Swedish slem; Dutch slym; Danish sliim; Latin limus.]

Soft moist earth having an adhesive quality; viscous mud.

They had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. Genesis 11.

Slime-Pit

SLI'ME-PIT, noun A pit of slime or adhesive mire.

Sliminess

SLI'MINESS, noun The quality of slime; viscosity.

Floyer.

Slimy

SLI'MY, adjective Abounding with slime; consisting of slime.

2. Overspread with slime; as a slimy eel.

3. Viscous; glutinous; as a slimy soil.

Sliness

SLI'NESS, noun [from sly.] Dextrous artifice to conceal any thing; artful secrecy.

Addison.

Sling

SLING, noun [Dutch slinger.] An instrument for throwing stones, consisting of a strap and two strings; the stone being lodged in the strap, is thrown by loosing one of the strings. With a sling and a stone David killed Goliath.

2. A throw; a stroke.

Milton.

3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained.

4. A rope by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out of a ship.

5. A drink composed of equal parts of rum or spirit and water sweetened.

Rush.

Sling

SLING, verb transitive pret. and pp. slung. [Saxon slingan; Dutch slingeren; Swedish slinka, to dangle; Danish slingrer, to reel. The primary sense seems to be to swing.] To throw with a sling.

2. To throw; to hurl.

Addison.

3. To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a pack.

4. To move or swing by a rope which suspends the thing.

Slinger

SLING'ER, noun One who slings or uses the sling.

Slinging

SLING'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing with a sling; hanging so as to swing; moving by a sling.

Slink

SLINK, verb intransitive pret. and pp. slunk. [Saxon slincan; German schleichen.]

1. To sneak; to creep away meanly; to steal away.

He would pinch the children in the dark, and then slink into a corner.

Arbuthnot.

2. To miscarry, as a beast.

Slink

SLINK, verb transitive To cast prematurely; to miscarry of; as the female of a beast.

Slink

SLINK, noun Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast.

Slip

SLIP, verb intransitive [Saxon slepan; Dutch sleppen; Swedish slippa; Danish sliipper; German schlÃƒ-¼pfen; Welsh yslib, smooth, glib, from llib; Latin labor, to slide.]

1. To slide; to glide; to move along the surface of a thing without bounding, rolling or stepping.

2. To slide; not to tread firmly. Walk carefully, lest your foot should slip.

3. To move or fly out of place; usually with out; as, a bone may slip out of its place.

Wiseman.

4. To sneak; to slink; to depart or withdraw secretly; with away.

Thus one tradesman slips away

To give his partner fairer play.

Prior.

5. To err; to fall into error or fault.

One slippeth in his speech, but not from his heart.

Ecclus.

6. To glide; to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly.

And thrice the flitting shadow slipp'd away.

Dryden.

7. To enter by oversight. An error may slip into a copy, notwithstanding all possible care.

8. To escape insensibly; to be lost.

Use the most proper methods to retain the ideas you have acquired for the mind is ready to let many of them slip.

Watts.

Slip

SLIP, verb transitive To convey secretly.

He tried to slip a powder into her drink.

Arbuthnot.

2. To omit; to lose by negligence. Let us not slip the occasion.

And slip no advantage

That may secure you.

B. Jonson.

3. To part twigs from the branches or stem of a tree.

The branches also may be slipped and planted.

Mortimer.

4. To escape from; to leave slily.

Lucentio slipp'd me like his greyhound.

Shak.

From is here understood.

5. To let loose; as, to slip the hounds.

Dryden.

6. To throw off; to disengage one's self from; as, a horse slips his bridle.

7. To pass over or omit negligently; as, to slip over the main points of a subject.

8. To tear off; as, to slip off a twig.

9. To suffer abortion; to miscarry; as a beast.

To slip a cable, to veer out and let go the end.

Mar. Dict.

To slip on, to put on in haste or loosely; as, to slip on a gown or coat.

Slip

SLIP, noun A sliding; act of slipping.

2. An unintentional error or fault.

Dryden.

3. A twig separated from the main stock; as the slip of a vine.

4. A leash or string by which a dog is held; so called from its being so made as to slip or become loose by relaxation of the hand.

Shak.

5. An escape; a secret or unexpected desertion.

6. A long narrow piece; as a slip of paper.

Addison.

7. A counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with silver. [Not in use.]

Shak.

8. Matter found in troughs of grindstones after the grinding of edge-tools. [Local.]

Petty.

9. A particular quantity of yarn. [Local.]

Barret.

10. An opening between wharves or in a dock. [N. York.]

11. A place having a gradual descent on the bank of a river or harbor, convenient for ship-building.

Mar. Dict.

12. A long seat or narrow pew in churches. [U. States.]

Slip-Board

SLIP'-BOARD, noun A board sliding in grooves.

Swift.

Slip-Knot

SLIP'-KNOT, noun A bow-knot; a knot which will not bear a strain, or which is easily untied.

Johnson. Mar. Dict.

Slipper

SLIP'PER, noun [Saxon] A kind of shoe consisting of a sole and vamp without quarters, which may be slipped on with ease and worn in undress; a slip-shoe.

Pope.

2. A kind of apron for children, to be slipped over their other clothes to keep them clean.

3. A plant. [Latin crepis.]

4. A kind of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy wagon.

Slipper

SLIP'PER, adjective [Saxon slipur.] Slippery. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Slippered

SLIP'PERED, adjective Wearing slippers.

Warton.

Slipperily

SLIP'PERILY, adverb [from slippery.] In a slippery manner.

Slipperiness

SLIP'PERINESS, noun The state or quality of being slippery; lubricity; smoothness; glibness; as the slipperiness of ice or snow; the slipperiness of the tongue.

2. Uncertainty; want of firm footing.

Johnson.

3. Lubricity of character.

Slippery

SLIP'PERY, adjective Smooth; glib; having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; as, oily substances render things slippery.

2. Not affording firm footing or confidence; as a slippery promise.

Tusser.

The slipp'ry tops of human state.

Cowley.

3. Not easily held; liable or apt to slip away.

The slipp'ry god will try to loose his hold.

Dryden.

4. Not standing firm; as slippery standers.

Shak.

5. Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain; as the slippery state of kings.

Denham.

6. Not certain in its effect; as a slippery trick.

7. Lubricous; wanton; unchaste.

Shak.

Slippy

SLIP'PY, adjective Slippery. [Not in use, though regular Saxon slipeg.]

Slipshod

SLIP'SHOD, adjective [slip and shod.] Wearing shoes like slippers, without pulling up the quarters.

Swift.

Slipstring

SLIP'STRING, noun [slip and string.] One that has shaken off restraint; a prodigal; called also slipthrift, but I believe seldom or never used.

Cotgrave.

Slit

SLIT, verb transitive pret. slit; pp. slit or slitted. [Saxon slitan; Swedish slita; German schleissen; Dutch slyten; Danish slider. The two latter signify to wear out or waste. The German has the signification of splitting and of wearing out.]

1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips; as, to slit iron bars into nail rods.

2. To cut or make a long fissure; as, to slit the ear or tongue, or the nose.

Temple. Newton.

3. To cut in general.

Milton.

4. To rend; to split.

Slit

SLIT, noun A long cut; or a narrow opening; as a slit in the ear.

2. A cleft or crack in the breast of cattle.

Encyc.

Slitter

SLIT'TER, noun One that slits.

Slitting

SLIT'TING, participle of the present tense Cutting lengthwise.

Slitting-Mill

SLIT'TING-MILL, noun A mill where iron bars are slit into nail rods, &c.

Slive

SLIVE, verb intransitive To sneak. [Local.]

Grose.

Sliver

SLIV'ER, verb transitive [Saxon slifan; Welsh ysleiviaw, from yslaiv, a slash or slice, from glaiv, a sword or cimeter; llaiv, shears or a shave; but all probably from the sense of cutting or separating. Class Lb.]

To cut or divide into long thin pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; as, to sliver wood.

Sliver

SLIV'ER, noun A long piece cut or rent off, or a piece cut or rent lengthwise. In Scotland, it is said to signify a slice; as a sliver of beef.

Sloat

SLOAT, noun [from the root of Danish slutter, to fasten, Dutch sluiten, Swedish sluta, German schliessen; from the root of Latin claudo.]

A narrow piece of timber which holds together larger pieces; as the sloats of a cart. [In New England, this is called a slat, as the slats of a chair, cart, &c.]

Slobber

SLOB'BER, and its derivatives, are a different orthography of slabber, the original pronunciation of which was probably slobber. [See Slabber and Slaver.]

Slock

SLOCK, to quench, is a different orthography of slake, but not used.

Sloe

SLOE, noun [Saxon slag, sla; German schlehe; Dutch slee, in sleepruim, and slee signifies sour; slee-boom, the sloe-tree; Danish slaae, slaaen, or slaaen-torne.]

A small wild plum, the fruit of the black thorn. [Prunus spinosa.]

Mortimer.

Sloom

SLOOM, noun Slumber. [Not in use or local.]

Sloomy

SLOOM'Y, adjective Sluggish; slow. [Not in use or local.]

Skinner.

Sloop

SLOOP, noun [Dutch sloep, sloepschip; German schaluppe; Danish sluppe; French chaloupe. It is written also shallop.]

A vessel with one mast, the main-sail of which is attached to a gaff above, to a boom below, and to the mast on its foremost edge. It differs from a cutter by having a fixed steeving bowsprit, and a jib-stay. Sloops are of various sizes, from the size of a boat to that of more than 100 tons burthen.

Mar. Dict.

Sloop of war, a vessel of war rigged either as a ship, brig or schooner, and usually carrying from 10 to 18 guns.

Mar. Dict.

Slop

SLOP, verb transitive [probably allied to lap.] To drink greedily and grossly. [Little used.]

Slop

SLOP, noun [probably allied to slabber.] Water carelessly thrown about on a table or floor; a puddle; a soiled spot.

2. Mean liquor; mean liquid food.

Slop

SLOP, noun [Qu. Dutch sluif, a case or cover, or slof, an old slipper, or Saxon slopen, lax, loose; toslupan, to loosen.]

Trowsers; a loose lower garment; drawers; hence, ready made clothes.

Shak.

Slopseller

SLOP'SELLER, noun One who sells ready made clothes.

Slopshop

SLOP'SHOP, noun A shop where ready made clothes are sold.

Slope

SLOPE, adjective [This word contains the elements of Latin labor, lapsus, and slip; also of Latin levo, lift. I know not whether it originally signified ascending or descending, probably the latter.]

Inclined or inclining from a horizontal direction; forming an angle with the plane of the horizon; as slope hills. [Little used.]

Milton.

Slope

SLOPE, noun An oblique direction; a line or direction inclining from a horizontal line; properly, a direction downwards.

2. An oblique direction in general; a direction forming an angle with a perpendicular or other right line.

3. A declivity; any ground whose surface forms an angle with the plane of the horizon; also, an acclivity, as every declivity must be also an acclivity.

Slope

SLOPE, verb transitive To form with a slope; to form to declivity or obliquity; to direct obliquely; to incline; as, to slope the ground in a garden; to slope a piece of cloth in cutting a garment.

Slope

SLOPE, verb intransitive To take an oblique direction; to be declivous or inclined.

Slopeness

SLO'PENESS, noun Declivity; obliquity. [Not much used.]

Wotton.

Slopewise

SLO'PEWISE, adverb Obliquely.

Carew.

Sloping

SLO'PING, participle of the present tense Taking an inclined direction.

2. adjective Oblique; declivous; inclining or inclined from a horizontal or other right line.

Slopingly

SLO'PINGLY, adverb Obliquely; with a slope.

Sloppiness

SLOP'PINESS, noun [from sloppy.] Wetness of the earth; muddiness.

Sloppy

SLOP'PY, adjective [from slop.] Wet, as the ground; muddy; plashy.

Slot

SLOT, verb transitive [Dutch sluiten, to shut; German schliessen; Danish slutter; Swedish sluta; from the root of Latin claudo.]

To shut with violence; to slam, that is, to drive. [Not in use or local.]

Ray.

Slot

SLOT, noun A broad flat wooden bar.

Slot

SLOT, noun [The Saxon has sloetinge, tracks.]

The track of a deer.

Drayton.

Sloth

SLOTH, noun [Saxon sloewth, from slaw, slow. See Slow.]

1. Slowness; tardiness.

I abhor

This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome.

Shak.

2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness; idleness.

They change their course to pleasure, ease and sloth.

Milton.

Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears.

Franklin.

3. An animal, so called from the remarkable slowness of his motions. There are two species of this animal; the ai or three toed sloth, and the unau or two toed sloth; both found in South America. It is said that its greatest speed seldom exceeds three yards an hour. It feeds on vegetables and ruminates.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sloth

SLOTH, verb intransitive To be idle. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Slothful

SLOTH'FUL, adjective Inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.

He that is slothful in his work, is brother to him that is a great waster. Proverbs 18.

Slothfully

SLOTH'FULLY, adverb Lazily; sluggishly; idly.

Slothfulness

SLOTH'FULNESS, noun The indulgence of sloth; inactivity; the habit of idleness; laziness.

Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep. Proverbs 19.

Slottery

SLOT'TERY, adjective [German schlotterig, negligent; schlottern, to hang loosely, to wabble. See Slut.]

1. Squalid; dirty; sluttish; untrimmed. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

2. Foul; wet. [Not in use.]

Pryce.

Slouch

SLOUCH, noun [This word probably belongs to the root of lag, slug.]

1. A hanging down; a depression of the head or of some other part of the body; an ungainly, clownish gait.

Swift.

2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow.

Gay.

Slouch

SLOUCH, verb intransitive To hang down; to have a downcast clownish look, gait or manner.

Chesterfield.

Slouch

SLOUCH, verb transitive To depress; to cause to hang down; as, to slouch the hat.

Slouching

SLOUCH'ING, participle of the present tense Causing to hang down.

2. adjective Hanging down; walking heavily and awkwardly.

Slough

SLOUGH, n. slou. [Saxon slog; Welsh yslwÃƒ-§, a gutter or slough, from llwÃƒ-§, a lake.]

1. A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire.

Milton.

2. [pron. sluff.] The skin or cast skin of a serpent. [Its use for the skin in general, in Shakspeare, is not authorized.]

3. [pron. sluff.] The part that separates from a foul sore.

Wiseman.

The dead part which separates from the living in mortification.

Cooper.

Slough

SLOUGH, v. i. sluff. To separate from the sound flesh; to come off; as the matter formed over a sore; a term in surgery.

To slough off, to separate from the living parts, as the dead part in mortification.

Sloughy

SLOUGHY, a. slou'y. Full of sloughs; miry.

Swift.

Sloven

SLOVEN, noun [Dutch slof, careless; sloffen, to neglect; Welsh yslabi, from yslab, extended; Irish slapaire.]

A man careless of his dress, or negligent of cleanliness; a man habitually negligent of neatness and order.

Pope.

Slovenliness

SLOVENLINESS, noun [from sloven.] Negligence of dress; habitual want of cleanliness.

Wotton.

2. Neglect of order and neatness.

Hall.

Slovenly

SLOVENLY, adjective Negligent of dress or neatness; as a slovenly man.

2. Loose; disorderly; not neat; as a slovenly dress.

Slovenly

SLOVENLY, adverb In a careless, inelegant manner.

Slovenry

SLOVENRY, noun Negligence of order or neatness; dirtiness. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Slow

SLOW, adjective [Saxon slaw, for slag; Danish slÃƒ-¶v, dull, blunt; contracted from the root of slack, sluggard, lag.]

1. Moving a small distance in a long time; not swift; not quick in motion; not rapid; as a slow stream; a slow motion.

2. Late; not happening in a short time.

These changes in the heavens though slow, produc'd

Like change on sea and land, sidereal blast.

Milton.

3. Not ready; not prompt or quick; as slow of speech, and slow of tongue. Exodus 4.

4. Dull; inactive; tardy.

The Trojans are not slow

To guard their shore from an expected foe.

Dryden.

5. Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with deliberation.

The Lord is merciful, slow to anger.

Com. Prayer.

He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding. Proverbs 14.

6. Dull; heavy in wit.

Pope.

7. Behind in time; indicating a time later than the true time; as, the clock or watch is slow.

8. Not advancing, growing or improving rapidly; as the slow growth of arts and sciences.

Slow

SLOW, is used in composition to modify other words; as a slow-paced horse.

Slow

SLOW, as a verb, to delay, is not in use.

Shak.

Slow

SLOW, noun [Saxon sliw.] A moth. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Slowback

SLOW'BACK, noun A lubber; an idle fellow; a loiterer.

Slowly

SLOWLY, adverb With moderate motion; not rapidly; not with velocity or celerity; as, to walk slowly.

2. Not soon; not early; not in a little time; not with hasty advance; as a country that rises slowly into importance.

3. Not hastily; not rashly; not with precipitation; as, he determines slowly.

4. Not promptly; not readily; as, he learns slowly.

5. Tardily; with slow progress. The building proceeds slowly.

Slowness

SLOWNESS, noun Moderate motion; want of speed or velocity.

Swiftness and slowness are relative ideas.

Watts.

2. Tardy advance; moderate progression; as the slowness of an operation; slowness of growth or improvement.

3. Dullness to admit conviction or affection; as slowness of heart.

Bentley.

4. Want of readiness or promptness; dullness of intellect.

5. Deliberation; coolness; caution in deciding.

6. Dilatoriness; tardiness.

Slow-Worm

SLOW-WORM, or SLOE-WORM, noun An insect found on the leaves of the sloe-tree, which often changes its skin and assumes different colors. It changes into a four winged fly.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Slow-Worm

SLOW-WORM, noun [Saxon slaw-wyrm.] A kind of viper, the blind worm, scarcely venomous.

Johnson.

Slubber

SLUB'BER, verb transitive To do lazily, imperfectly or coarsely; to daub; to stain; to cover carelessly. [Little used and vulgar.]

Slubberingly

SLUB'BERINGLY, adverb In a slovenly manner. [Not used and vulgar.]

Drayton.

Sludge

SLUDGE, noun [Dutch slyk, Saxon slog, a slough.] Mud; mire; soft mud.

Mortimer.

Sluds

SLUDS, noun Among miners, half roasted ore.

Slue

SLUE, verb transitive In seamen's language, to turn any thing conical or cylindrical, &c. about its axis without removing it; to turn.

Mar. Dict.

Slug

SLUG, noun [allied to slack, sluggard; Welsh llag; Dutch slak, slek, a snail.]

1. A drone; a slow, heavy, lazy fellow.

Shak.

2. A hinderance; obstruction.

Bacon.

3. A kind of snail, very destructive to plants, of the genus Limax. It is without a shell.

4. [Qu. Saxon sloca, a mouthful; Dutch slok, a swallow; or Saxon slecg, a sledge.] A cylindrical or oval piece of metal, used for the charge of a gun.

Pope.

Slug

SLUG, verb intransitive To move slowly; to lie idle. Obs.

Spenser.

Slug

SLUG, verb transitive To make sluggish. Obs.

Milton.

Slugabed

SLUG'ABED, noun One who indulges in lying abed. [Not used.]

Shak.

Sluggard

SLUG'GARD, noun [from slug and ard, slow kind.]

A person habitually lazy, idle and inactive; a drone.

Dryden.

Sluggard

SLUG'GARD, adjective Sluggish; lazy.

Dryden.

Sluggardize

SLUG'GARDIZE, verb transitive To make lazy. [Little used.]

Shak.

Sluggish

SLUG'GISH, adjective Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive; as a sluggish man.

2. Slow; having little motion; as a sluggish river or stream.

3. Inert; inactive; having no power to move itself.

Matter is sluggish and inactive.

Woodward.

Sluggishly

SLUG'GISHLY, adverb Lazily; slothfully; drowsily; idly; slowly.

Milton.

Sluggishness

SLUG'GISHNESS, noun Natural or habitual indolence or laziness; sloth; dullness; applied to persons.

2. Inertness; want of power to move; applied to inanimate matter.

3. Slowness; as the sluggishness of a stream.

Sluggy

SLUG'GY, adjective Sluggish. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Sluice

SLUICE, or SLUSE, noun [Dutch sluis, a sluice, a lock; German schleuse, a flood-gate, and schloss, a lock, from schliessen, to shut; Swedish sluss; Danish sluse; French ecluse; Italian chiusa, an inclosure. The Dutch sluiten, Danish slutter, to shut, are the German schliessen; all formed on the elements Ld, Ls, the root of lid, Latin claudo, clausi, clausus; Low Latin exclusa. The most correct orthography is sluse.]

1. The stream of water issuing through a flood-gate; or the gate itself. If the word had its origin in shutting, it denoted the frame of boards or planks which closes the opening of a mill dam; but I believe it is applied to the stream, the gate and channel. It is a common saying, that a rapid stream runs like a sluse.

2. An opening; a source of supply; that through which any thing flows.

Each sluice of affluent fortune open'd soon.

Harte.

Sluice

SLUICE, or SLUSE, verb transitive To emit by flood-gates. [Little used.]

Milton.

Sluicy

SLUICY, or SLU'SY, adjective Falling in streams as from a sluice.

And oft whole sheets descend of sluicy rain.

Dryden.

Slumber

SLUM'BER, verb intransitive [Saxon slumerian; Dutch sluimeren; German schlummern; Danish slummer, slumrer; Swedish slumra.]

1. To sleep lightly; to doze.

He that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. Psalm 121.

2. To sleep. Slumber is used as synonymous with sleep, particularly in the poetic and eloquent style.

Milton.

3. To be in a state of negligence, sloth, supineness or inactivity.

Why slumbers Pope?

Young.

Slumber

SLUM'BER, verb transitive To lay to sleep.

2. To stun; to stupefy. [Little used and hardly legitimate.]

Spenser. Wotton.

Slumber

SLUM'BER, noun Light sleep; sleep not deep or sound.

From carelessness it shall settle into slumber, and from slumber it shall settle into a deep and long sleep.

South.

2. Sleep; repose.

Rest to my soul, and slumber to my eyes.

Dryden.

Slumberer

SLUM'BERER, noun One that slumbers.

Slumbering

SLUM'BERING, participle of the present tense Dozing; sleeping.

Slumberous

SLUM'BEROUS, or SLUM'BERY, adjective Inviting or causing sleep; soporiferous.

While pensive in the slumberous shadeÃ‚--

Pope.

2. Sleepy; not waking.

Shak.

Slump

SLUMP, verb intransitive [German schlump, Danish Swedish slump, a hap or chance, accident, that is, a fall.]

To fall or sink suddenly into water or mud, when walking on a hard surface, as on ice or frozen ground, not strong enough to bear the person. [This legitimate word is in common and respectable use in New England, and its signification is so appropriate that no other word will supply its place.]

Slung

SLUNG, pret. and participle passive of sling.

Slunk

SLUNK, pret. and participle passive of slink.

Slur

SLUR, verb transitive [Dutch slordig, sluttish.] To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace.

2. To pass lightly; to conceal.

With periods, points and tropes he slurs his crimes.

Dryden.

3. To cheat; to trick. [Unusual.]

Prior.

4. In music, to sing or perform in a smooth gliding style.

Busby.

Slur

SLUR, noun Properly, a black mark; hence, slight reproach or disgrace. Every violation of moral duty should be a slur to the reputation.

2. In music, a mark connecting notes that are to be sung to the same syllable, or made in one continued breath of a wind instrument, or with one stroke of a stringed instrument.

Sluse

SLUSE, a more correct orthography of sluice.

Slush

SLUSH, noun Soft mud, or a soft mixture of filthy substances. [This may be the slutch.]

Slut

SLUT, noun [Dutch slet, a slut, a rag; German schlotterig, negligent, slovenly; schlottern, to hang loosely, to wabble or waddle.]

1. A woman who is negligent of cleanliness, and who suffers her person, clothes, furniture, &c., to be dirty or in disorder.

Shak. King.

2. A name of slight contempt for a woman.

L'Estrange.

Sluttery

SLUT'TERY, noun The qualities of a slut; more generally, the practice of a slut; neglect of cleanliness and order; dirtiness of clothes, rooms, furniture or provisions.

Drayton.

Sluttish

SLUT'TISH, adjective Not neat or cleanly; dirty; careless of dress and neatness; disorderly; as a sluttish woman.

2. Disorderly; dirty; as a sluttish dress.

3. Meretricious. [Little used.]

Holiday.

Sluttishly

SLUT'TISHLY, adverb In a sluttish manner; negligently; dirtily.

Sluttishness

SLUT'TISHNESS, noun The qualities or practice of a slut; negligence of dress; dirtiness of dress, furniture and in domestic affairs generally.

Sidney. Ray.

Sly

SLY, adjective [German schlau; Danish slue. Qu. Dutch sluik, underhand, privately; sluiken, to smuggle; which seem to be allied to sleek and sleight.]

1. Artfully dextrous in performing things secretly, and escaping observation or detection; usually implying some degree of meanness; artfully cunning; applied to persons; as a sly man or boy.

2. Done with artful and dextrous secrecy; as a sly trick.

3. Marked with artful secrecy; as sly circumspection.

Milton.

4. Secret; concealed.

Envy works in a sly imperceptible manner.

Watts.

Sly-Boots

SLY'-BOOTS, noun A sly, cunning or waggish person. [Low.]

Slyly

SLYLY, SLYNESS. [See Slily, Sliness.]

Smack

SMACK, verb intransitive [Welsh ysmac, a stroke; Saxon smoeccan, to taste; Dutch smaaken; German schmecken; Swedish smaka; Danish smager; Dutch smak, a cast or throw. The primary sense is to throw, to strike, whence to touch or taste; Greek, a battle; as battle from beat.]

1. To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a sound when they separate; to kiss with violence.

Pope.

2. To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting any thing.

Gay.

3. To have a taste; to be tinctured with any particular taste.

4. To have a tincture or quality infused.

All sects, all ages smack of this vice.

Shak.

Smack

SMACK, verb transitive To kiss with a sharp noise.

Donne.

2. To make a sharp noise with the lips.

3. To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack; as, to smack a whip.

Smack

SMACK, noun A loud kiss.

Shak.

2. A quick sharp noise, as of the lips or of a whip.

3. Taste; savor; tincture.

Spenser. Carew.

4. Pleasing taste.

Tusser.

5. A quick smart blow.

6. A small quantity; a taste.

Dryden.

7. [Dutch smakschip. Lye supposes it to be the Saxon snacca, from snaca, snake, and so named from its form. Qu.] A small vessel, commonly rigged as a cutter, used in the coasting and fishing trade.

Mar. Dict.

Small

SMALL, adjective [Saxon smoel, smal, thin, slender, little; German schmal, Dutch smal, narrow; Danish smal, narrow, strait; smaler, to narrow, to diminish; Swedish smal; Russian malo, small, little, few; malyu and umaliayu, to diminish; Slav. to abase; Welsh mal, small, trivial, light, vain, like, similar; malu, to grind, and malau, to make similar; Greek. See Mill, Mold, Meal.]

1. Slender; thin; fine; of little diameter; hence in general, little in size or quantity; not great; as a small house; a small horse; a small farm; a small body; small particles.

2. Minute; slender; fine; as a small voice.

3. Little in degree; as small improvement; small acquirements; the trouble is small.

There arose no small stir about that way. Acts 9.

4. Being of little moment, weight or importance; as, it is a small matter or thing; a small subject.

5. Of little genius or ability; petty; as a small poet or musician.

6. Short; containing little; as a small essay.

7. Little in amount; as a small sum; a small price.

8. Containing little of the principal quality, or little strength; weak; as small beer.

9. Gentle; soft; not loud. 1 Kings 19.

10. Mean; base; unworthy. [Colloquial.]

Small

SMALL, noun The small or slender part of a thing; as the small of the leg or of the back.

Sidney.

Small

SMALL, verb transitive To make little or less. [Not in use.]

Smallage

SMALL'AGE, noun A plant of the genus Apium, water parsley.

Lee.

Small-Beer

SMALL-BEER, noun [small and beer.] A species of weak beer.

Small-Coal

SMALL-COAL, noun [small and coal.] Little wood coals used to light fires.

Gay.

Small-Craft

SMALL-CR`AFT, noun [small and craft.] A vessel, or vessels in general, of a small size, or below the size of ships and brigs intended for foreign trade.

Smallish

SMALL'ISH, adjective Somewhat small.

Chaucer.

Smallness

SMALL'NESS, noun Littleness of size or extent; littleness of quantity; as the smallness of a fly or of a horse; the smallness of a hill.

2. Littleness in degree; as the smallness of trouble or pain.

3. Littleness in force or strength; weakness; as smallness of mind or intellectual powers.

4. Fineness; softness; melodiousness; as the smallness of a female voice.

5. Littleness in amount or value; as the smallness of the sum.

6. Littleness of importance; inconsiderableness; as the smallness of an affair.

Small-Pox

SMALL-POX', noun [small and pox, and pocks.]

A very contagious disease, characterized by an eruption of pustules on the skin; the variolous disease.

Smally

SMALLY, adv. small'-ly, In a little quantity or degree; with minuteness. [Little used.]

Ascham.

Smalt

SMALT, noun [Dutch smelten, Danish smelter, to melt; German schmelz, from schmelzen, to melt, to smelt; Swedish sm?lt, id.; a word formed on melt.]

A beautiful blue glass of cobalt; flint and potash fused together.

Smaragd

SMAR'AGD, noun [Greek.] The emerald.

Smaragdine

SMARAG'DINE, adjective [Latin smaragdinus, from the Greek.]

Pertaining to emerald; consisting of emerald, or resembling it; of an emerald green.

Smaragdite

SMARAG'DITE, noun A mineral; called also green diallage.

Ure.

Smaris

SMAR'IS, noun A fish of a dark green color.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Smart

SM`ART, noun [Dutch smert; German schmerz; Danish smerte. This word is probably formed on the root of Latin amarus, bitter, that is, sharp, like French piquant. See the root, Arabic Class Mr. No. 7.]

1. Quick, pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the pain from puncture by nettles; as the smart of bodily punishment.

2. Severe pungent pain of mind; pungent grief; as the smart of affliction.

Smart

SM`ART, verb intransitive [Saxon smeortan; Dutch smerten; German schmerzen; Danish smerter.]

1. To feel a lively pungent pain, particularly a pungent local pain from some piercing or irritating application. Thus Cayenne pepper applied to the tongue makes it smart.

2. To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp pain; as, to smart under sufferings.

3. To be punished; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any thing.

He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Proverbs 11.

Smart

SM`ART, adjective Pungent; pricking; causing a keen local pain; as a smart lash or stroke; a smart quality or taste.

Shak. Granville.

2. Keen; severe; poignant; as smart pain or sufferings.

3. Quick; vigorous; sharp; severe; as a smart skirmish.

4. Brisk; fresh; as a smart breeze.

5. Acute and pertinent; witty; as a smart reply; a smart saying.

6. Brisk; vivacious; as a smart rhetorician.

Who, for the poor renown of being smart,

Would leave a sting within a brother's heart?

Young.

Smart

SM`ART, noun A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness and vivacity.

Smarten

SM'ARTEN, verb transitive To make smart. [Not in use.]

Smartle

SM'ARTLE, verb intransitive To waste away. [Not in use.]

Ray.

Smartly

SM'ARTLY, adverb With keen pain; as, to ake smartly.

2. Briskly; sharply; wittily.

3. Vigorously; actively.

Clarendon.

Smartness

SM'ARTNESS, noun The quality of being smart or pungent; poignancy; as the smartness of pain.

2. Quickness; vigor; as the smartness of a blow.

Boyle.

3. Liveliness; briskness; vivacity; wittiness; as the smartness of a reply or of a phrase.

Swift.

Smart-Weed

SM'ART-WEED, noun A name given to the arsmart or persicaria.

Smash

SMASH, verb transitive [probably mash, with a prefix.] To break in pieces by violence; to dash to pieces; to crush.

Here every thing is broken and smashed to pieces. [Vulgar.]

Burke.

Smatch

SMATCH, noun [corrupted from smack.]

1. Taste; tincture. [Not in use or vulgar.]

2. A bird.

Smatter

SMAT'TER, verb intransitive [Qu. Danish smatter, to smack, to make a noise in chewing; Swedish smattra, to crackle; Icelandic smoedr. It contains the elements of mutter.]

1. To talk superficially or ignorantly.

Of state affairs you cannot smatter.

Swift.

2. To have a slight taste, or a slight superficial knowledge.

Smatter

SMAT'TER, noun Slight superficial knowledge.

Temple.

Smatterer

SMAT'TERER, noun One who has only a slight superficial knowledge.

Swift.

Smattering

SMAT'TERING, noun A slight superficial knowledge. [This is the word commonly used.]

Smear

SMEAR, verb transitive [Saxon smerian, smirian; Dutch smeeren; German schmieren; Danish smÃƒ-¶rer; Swedish sm?rja; Irish smearam; Russian marayu; Dutch smeer, German schmier, grease, tallow; Irish smear, id.; Swedish Danish smÃƒ-¶r, butter. Qu. its alliance with marrow, marl, mire, from its softness. See Class Mr. No. 10. 21.]

1. To overspread with any thing unctuous, viscous or adhesive; to besmear; to daub; as, to smear any thing with oil, butter, pitch, &c.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To soil; to contaminate; to pollute; as smeared with infamy.

Shak.

Smear

SMEAR, noun A fat oily substance; ointment. [Little used.]

Smeared

SME'ARED, participle passive Overspread with soft or oily matter; soiled.

Smearing

SME'ARING, participle of the present tense Overspreading with any thing soft and oleaginous; soiling.

Smeary

SME'ARY, adjective That smears or soils; adhesive. [Little used.]

Rowe.

Smeath

SMEATH, noun A sea fowl.

Smectite

SMEC'TITE, noun [Greek, deterging.] An argillaceous earth; so called from its property of taking grease out of cloth, &c.

Pinkerton.

Smeeth

SMEETH, verb transitive To smoke. [Not in use.]

Smegmatic

SMEGMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, soap.] Being of the nature of soap; soapy; cleansing; detersive.

Smell

SMELL, verb transitive pret. and pp. smelled, smelt. [I have not found this word in any other language.]

To perceive by the nose, or by the olfactory nerves; to have a sensation excited in certain organs of the nose by particular qualities of a body, which are transmitted in fine particles, often from a distance; as, to smell a rose; to smell perfumes.

To smell out, is a low phrase signifying to find out by sagacity.

L'Estrange.

To smell a rat, is a low phrase signifying to suspect strongly.

Smell

SMELL, verb intransitive To affect the olfactory nerves; to have an odor or particular scent; followed by of; as, to smell of smoke; to smell of musk.

2. To have a particular tincture or smack of any quality; as, a report smells of calumny. [Not elegant.]

Shak.

3. To practice smelling. Exodus 30.

4. To exercise sagacity.

Shak.

Smell

SMELL, noun The sense or faculty by which certain qualities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentality of the olfactory nerves; or the faculty of perceiving by the organs of the nose; one of the five senses. In some species of beasts, the smell is remarkably acute, particularly in the canine species.

2. Scent; odor; the quality of bodies which affects the olfactory organs; as the smell of mint; the smell of geranium.

The sweetest smell in the air is that of the white double violet.

Bacon.

Smelled

SMELL'ED, or SMELT, pret. and participle passive of smell.

Smeller

SMELL'ER, noun One that smells.

Smellfeast

SMELL'FEAST, noun [smell and feast.] One that is apt to find and frequent good tables; an epicure; a parasite.

L'Estrange.

Smelt

SMELT. [See Smelled.]

Smelt

SMELT, noun [Saxon] A small fish that is very delicate food. But in Europe, a fish of the truttaceous kind, so named from its peculiar smell.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Smelt

SMELT, verb transitive [Dutch smelten; German schmelzen; Danish smelter; Swedish sm?lta, to melt. This is melt, with s prefixed.]

To melt, as ore, for the purpose of separating the metal from extraneous substances.

Smelted

SMELT'ED, participle passive Melted for the extraction of the metal.

Smelter

SMELT'ER, noun One that melts ore.

Smeltery

SMELT'ERY, noun A house or place for smelting ores.

Smelting

SMELT'ING, participle of the present tense Melting, as ore.

Smelting

SMELT'ING, noun The operation of melting ores for the purpose of extracting the metal.

Smerk

SMERK, verb intransitive [Saxon smercian.] To smile affectedly or wantonly.

Swift.

2. To look affectedly soft or kind; as a smerking countenance; a smerking grace.

Young.

Smerk

SMERK, noun An affected smile.

Smerk

SMERK, adjective Nice; smart; janty.

So smerk, so smooth he prick'd his ears.

Spenser.

Smerlin

SMER'LIN, noun A fish.

Ainsworth.

Smew

SMEW, noun An aquatic fowl, the Mergus albellus.

Ed. Encyc.

Smicker

SMICK'ER, verb intransitive [Swedish smickra, to flatter, Danish smigrer.] To smerk; to look amorously or wantonly.

Kersey.

Smickering

SMICK'ERING, participle of the present tense Smerking; smiling affectedly.

Smickering

SMICK'ERING, noun An affected smile or amorous look.

Smicket

SMICK'ET, noun Dim. of smock. [Not used.]

Smiddy

SMID'DY, noun [Saxon smiththa.] A smithery or smith's workshop. [Not in use.]

Smight

SMIGHT, for smite, in Spenser, is a mistake.

Smile

SMILE, verb intransitive [Swedish smila; Danish smiler.]

1. To contract the features of the face in such a manner as to express pleasure, moderate joy, or love and kindness; the contrary to frown.

The smiling infant in his hand shall take

The crested basilisk and speckled snake.

Pope.

She smil'd to see the doughty hero slain.

Pope.

2. To express slight contempt by a smiling look, implying sarcasm or pity; to sneer.

'Twas what I said to Craggs and Child,

Who prais'd my modesty, and smil'd.

Pope.

3. To look gay and joyous; or to have an appearance to excite joy; as smiling spring; smiling plenty.

The desert smil'd,

And paradise was open'd in the wild.

Pope.

4. To be propitious or favorable; to favor; to countenance. May heaven smile on our labors.

Smile

SMILE, verb transitive To awe with a contemptuous smile.

Young.

Smile

SMILE, noun A peculiar contraction of the features of the face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy, approbation or kindness; opposed to frown.

Sweet intercourse of looks and smiles.

Milton.

2. Gay or joyous appearance; as the smiles of spring.

3. Favor; countenance; propitiousness; as the smiles of providence.

A smile of contempt, a look resembling that of pleasure, but usually or often it can be distinguished by an accompanying archness, or some glance intended to be understood.

Smiler

SMI'LER, noun One who smiles.

Smiling

SMI'LING, participle of the present tense Having a smile on the countenance; looking joyous or gay; looking propitious.

Smilingly

SMI'LINGLY, adverb With a look of pleasure.

Smilt

SMILT, for smelt. [Not in use.]

Smirch

SMIRCH, verb transitive smerch. [from murk, murky.]

To cloud; to dusk; to soil; as, to smirch the face. [Low.]

Shak.

Smirk

SMIRK, verb intransitive smerk. To look affectedly soft or kind. [See Smerk.]

Young.

Smit

SMIT, sometimes used for smitten. [See Smite.]

Smite

SMITE, verb transitive pret. smote; pp. smitten, smit. [Saxon smitan, to strike; smitan ofer or on, to put or place, that is, to throw; Dutch smyten, to smite, to cast or throw; German schmeissen, to smite, to fling, to kick, to cast or throw, to fall down, that is, to throw one's self down; Swedish smida, to hammer or forge; Danish smider, to forge, to strike, to coin, to invent, devise, counterfeit; Dutch smeeden, to forge; German schmieden, to coin, forge, invent, fabricate. The latter verb seems to be formed on the noun schmied, a smith, or schmiede, a forge, which is from the root of smite. This verb is the Latin mitto, French mettre, with s prefixed. Class Md, or Ms. It is no longer in common use, though not entirely obsolete.]

1. To strike; to throw, drive or force against, as the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon; to reach with a blow or a weapon; as, to smite one with the fist; to smite with a rod or with a stone.

Whoever shall smite thee on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matthew 5.

2. To kill; to destroy the life of by beating or by weapons of any kind; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow or other engine. David smote Goliath with a sling and a stone. The Philistines were often smitten with great slaughter. [This word, like slay, usually or always carries with it something of its original signification, that of beating, striking, the primitive mode of killing. We never apply it to the destruction of life by poison, by accident or by legal execution.]

3. To blast; to destroy life; as by a stroke or by something sent.

The flax and the barley were smitten. Exodus 9.

4. To afflict; to chasten; to punish.

Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him.

Wake.

5. To strike or affect with passion.

See what the charms that smite the simple heart.

Pope.

Smit with the love of sister arts we came.

Pope.

To smite with the tongue, to reproach or upbraid. Jeremiah 18.

Smite

SMITE, verb intransitive To strike; to collide.

The heart melteth and the knees smite together. Nahum 2.

Smite

SMITE, noun A blow. [Local.]

Smiter

SMI'TER, noun One who smites or strikes.

I gave my back to the smiters. Isaiah 50.

Smith

SMITH, noun [Saxon smith; Danish Swedish smed; Dutch smit; German schmied; from smiting.]

1. Literally, the striker, the beater; hence, one who forges with the hammer; one who works in metals; as an iron-smith; gold-smith; silver-smith, &c.

Nor yet the smith hath learn'd to form a sword.

Tate.

2. He that makes or effects any thing.

Dryden.

Hence the name Smith, which, from the number of workmen employed in working metals in early ages, is supposed to be more common than any other.

Smith

SMITH, verb transitive [Saxon smithian, to fabricate by hammering.]

To beat into shape; to forge. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Smithcraft

SMITH'CR'AFT, noun [smith and craft.] The art or occupation of a smith. [Little used.]

Raleigh.

Smithery

SMITH'ERY, noun The workshop of a smith.

2. Work done by a smith.

Burke.

Smithing

SMITH'ING, noun The act or art of working a mass of iron into the intended shape.

Moxon.

Smithy

SMITH'Y, noun [Saxon smiththa.] The shop of a smith. [I believe never used.]

Smitt

SMITT, noun The finest of the clayey ore made up into balls, used for marking sheep.

Woodward.

Smitten

SMITTEN, participle passive of smite. smit'n. Struck; killed.

2. Affected with some passion; excited by beauty or something impressive.

Smittle

SMIT'TLE, verb transitive [from smite.] To infect. [Local.]

Grose.

Smock

SMOCK, noun [Saxon smoc.] A shift; a chemise; a woman's under garment.

2. In composition, it is used for female, or what relates to women; as smock-treason.

B. Jonson.

Smock-Faced

SMOCK'-FACED, adjective [smock and face.] Pale faced; maidenly; having a feminine countenance or complexion.

Fenton.

Smock-Frock

SMOCK'-FROCK, noun [smock and frock.] A gaberdine.

Todd.

Smockless

SMOCK'LESS, adjective Wanting a smock.

Chaucer.

Smoke

SMOKE, noun [Saxon smoca, smec, smic; German schmauch; Dutch smook; Welsh ysmwg, from mwg, smoke; Irish much; allied to muggy, and I think it allied to the Greek, to consume slowly, to waste.]

1. The exhalation, visible vapor or substance that escapes or is expelled in combustion from the substance burning. It is particularly applied to the volatile matter expelled from vegetable matter, or wood coal, peat, &c. The matter expelled from metallic substances is more generally called fume, fumes.

2. Vapor; watery exhalations.

Smoke

SMOKE, verb intransitive [Saxon smocian, smecan, smican; Danish smÃƒ-¶ger; Dutch smooken; German schmauchen.]

1. To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. Wood and other fuel smokes when burning; and smokes most when there is the least flame.

2. To burn; to be kindled; to rage; in Scripture.

The anger of the Lord and his jealousy shall smoke against that manÃ‚-- Deuteronomy 29.

3. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.

Proud of his steeds, he smokes along the field.

Dryden.

4. To smell or hunt out; to suspect.

I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers. [Little used.]

Addison.

5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar, by kindling the tobacco, drawing the smoke into the mouth and puffing it out.

6. To suffer; to be punished.

Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome.

Shak.

Smoke

SMOKE, verb transitive To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke; to scent, medicate or dry by smoke; as, to smoke infected clothing; to smoke beef or hams for preservation.

2. To smell out; to find out.

He was first smoked by the old lord Lafeer. [Now little used.]

Shak.

3. To sneer at; to ridicule to the face.

Congreve.

Smoked

SMO'KED, participle passive Cured, cleansed or dried in smoke.

Smokedry

SMO'KEDRY, verb transitive To dry by smoke.

Mortimer.

Smoke-Jack

SMO'KE-JACK, noun An engine for turning a spit by means of a fly or wheel turned by the current of ascending air in a chimney.

Smokeless

SMO'KELESS, adjective Having no smoke; as smokeless towers.

Pope.

Smoker

SMO'KER, noun One that dries by smoke.

2. One that uses tobacco by burning it in a pipe or in the form of a cigar.

Smoking

SMO'KING, participle of the present tense Emitting smoke, as fuel, &c.

2. Applying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c.

3. Using tobacco in a pipe or cigar.

Smoking

SMO'KING, noun The act of emitting smoke.

2. The act of applying smoke to.

3. The act or practice of using tobacco by burning it in a pipe or cigar.

Smoky

SMO'KY, adjective Emitting smoke; fumid; as smoky fires.

Dryden.

2. Having the appearance or nature of smoke; as a smoky fog.

Harvey.

3. Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling it; thick. New England in autumn frequently has a smoky atmosphere.

4. Subject to be filled with smoke from the chimneys or fire-places; as a smoky house.

5. Tarnished with smoke; noisome with smoke; as smoky rafters; smoky cells.

Milton. Denham.

Smoldering

SMOLDERING, the more correct orthography of smouldering, which see.

Smoor

SMOOR, or SMORE, verb transitive [Saxon smoran.] To suffocate or smother. [Not in use.]

More.

Smooth

SMOOTH, adjective [Saxon smethe, smoeth; Welsh esmwyth, from mwyth; allied to Latin mitis, Irish myth, maoth, soft, tender.]

1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or points are perceptible to the touch; not rough; as smooth glass; smooth porcelain.

The outlines must be smooth, imperceptible to the touch.

Dryden.

2. Evenly spread; glossy; as a smooth haired horse.

Pope.

3. Gently flowing; moving equably; not ruffled or undulating; as a smooth stream; smooth Adonis.

Milton.

4. That is uttered without stops, obstruction or hesitation; voluble; even; not harsh; as smooth verse; smooth eloquence.

When sage Minerva rose,

From her sweet lips smooth elocution flows.

Gay.

5. Bland; mild; soothing; flattering.

This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft Conceal a traitorÃ‚--

Addison.

6. In botany, glabrous; having a slippery surface void of roughness.

Smooth

SMOOTH, noun That which is smooth; the smooth part of any thing; as the smooth of the neck. Genesis 27.

Smooth

SMOOTH, verb transitive [Saxon smethian.] To make smooth; to make even on the surface by any means; as, to smooth a board with a plane; to smooth cloth with an iron.

Ã‚--And smooth'd the ruffled sea.

Dryden.

2. To free from obstruction; to make easy.

Thou, Abelard, the last sad office pay,

And smooth my passage to the realms of day.

Pope.

3. To free from harshness; to make flowing.

In their motions harmony divine

So smooths her charming tones.

Milton.

5. To palliate; to soften; as, to smooth a fault.

Shak.

6. To calm; to mollify; to allay.

Each perturbation smooth'd with outward calm.

Milton.

7. To ease.

The difficulty smoothed.

Dryden.

8. To flatter; to soften with blandishments.

Because I cannot flatter and look fair,

Smile in men's faces, smooth, deceive and coy.

Shak.

Smoothed

SMOOTH'ED, participle passive Made smooth.

Smoothhen

SMOOTHHEN, for smooth, is used by mechanics; though not, I believe, in the U. States.

Smooth-Faced

SMOOTH'-FACED, adjective Having a mild, soft look; as smooth-faced wooers.

Shak.

Smoothly

SMOOTH'LY, adverb Evenly; not roughly or harshly.

2. With even flow or motion; as, to flow or glide smoothly.

3. Without obstruction or difficulty; readily; easily.

Hooker.

4. With soft, bland, insinuating language.

Smoothness

SMOOTH'NESS, noun Evenness of surface; freedom from roughness or asperity; as the smoothness of a floor or wall; smoothness of the skin; smoothness of the water.

2. Softness or mildness to the palate; as the smoothness of wine.

3. Softness and sweetness of numbers; easy flow of words.

Virgil, though smooth where smoothness is required, is far from affecting it.

Dryden.

4. Mildness or gentleness of speech; blandness of address.

Shak.

Smote

SMOTE, pret. of smite.

Smother

SMOTHER, verb transitive [allied perhaps to Irish smuid, smoke; Saxon methgian, to smoke.]

1. To suffocate or extinguish life by causing smoke or dust to enter the lungs; to stifle.

2. To suffocate or extinguish by closely covering, and by the exclusion of air; as, to smother a child in bed.

3. To suppress; to stifle; as, to smother the light of the understanding.

Hooker.

Smother

SMOTHER, verb intransitive To be suffocated.

2. To be suppressed or concealed.

3. To smoke without vent.

Bacon.

Smother

SMOTHER, noun Smoke; thick dust.

Shak. Dryden.

2. A state of suppression. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Smouch

SMOUCH, verb transitive To salute. [Not in use.]

Stubbes.

Smouldering

SMOULDERING, or SMOULDRY, adjective [a word formed from mold, molder, and therefore it ought to be written smoldering. Perhaps we have the word directly from the Danish smuler, smuller, Swedish smola, smula, to crumble or fall to dust; Danish smull, dust; which is from the same root as mold, meal, &c.]

Burning and smoking without vent.

Dryden.

Smug

SMUG, adjective [Danish smuk, neat, fine; German smuck; Saxon smicere.]

Nice; neat; affectedly nice in dress. [Not in use or local.]

Preston.

Smug

SMUG, verb transitive To make spruce; to dress with affected neatness. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Smuggle

SMUG'GLE, verb transitive [Swedish smyga; Dutch smokkelen, which seems to be allied to smuig, under hand; smuigen, to eat in secret; German schmuggeln; Danish smug, clandestinely. We probably have the root mug, in hugger mugger.]

1. To import or export secretly goods which are forbidden by the government to be imported or exported; or secretly to import or export dutiable goods without paying the duties imposed by law; to run.

2. To convey clandestinely.

Smuggled

SMUG'GLED, participle passive Imported or exported clandestinely and contrary to law.

Smuggler

SMUG'GLER, noun One that imports or exports goods privately and contrary to law, either contraband goods or dutiable goods, without paying the customs.

2. A vessel employed in running goods.

Smuggling

SMUG'GLING, participle of the present tense Importing or exporting goods contrary to law.

Smuggling

SMUG'GLING, noun The offense of importing or exporting prohibited goods, or other goods without paying the customs.

Blackstone.

Smugly

SMUG'LY, adverb Neatly; sprucely. [Not in use.]

Gay.

Smugness

SMUG'NESS, noun Neatness; spruceness without elegance. [Not in use.]

Sherwood.

Smut

SMUT, noun [Danish smuds; Saxon smitta; Dutch smet, a spot or stain; Swedish smitta, to taint; Dutch smodding, dirty; smodderen, to smut; German schmutz.]

1. A spot made with soot or coal; or the foul matter itself.

2. A foul black substance which forms on corn. Sometimes the whole ear is blasted and converted into smut. This is often the fact with maiz. Smut lessens the value of wheat.

3. Obscene language.

Smut

SMUT, verb transitive To stain or mark with smut; to blacken with coal, soot or other dirty substance.

Addison.

2. To taint with mildew.

Bacon.

3. To blacken; to tarnish.

Smut

SMUT, verb intransitive To gather smut; to be converted into smut.

Smutch

SMUTCH, verb transitive [from smoke; Danish smÃƒ-¶ger. Qu.]

To blacken with smoke, soot or coal.

B. Jonson.

[Note. We have a common word in New England, pronounced smooch, which I take to be smutch. It signifies to foul or blacken with something produced by combustion or other like substance.]

Smuttily

SMUT'TILY, adverb Blackly; smokily; foully.

2. With obscene language.

Smuttiness

SMUT'TINESS, noun Soil from smoke, soot, coal or smut.

2. Obsceneness of language.

Smutty

SMUT'TY, adjective Soiled with smut, coal, soot or the like.

2. Tainted with mildew; as smutty corn.

3. Obscene; not modest or pure; as smutty language.

Snack

SNACK, noun [Qu. from the root of snatch.]

1. A share. It is now chiefly or wholly used in the phrase, to go snacks with one, that is, to have a share.

Pope.

2. A slight hasty repast.

Snacket

SNACK'ET, or SNECK'ET, noun The hasp of a casement. [Local.]

Sherwood.

Snacot

SNAC'OT, noun A fish. [Latin acus.]

Ainsworth.

Snaffle

SNAF'FLE, noun [Dutch sneb, snavel, bill, beak, snout; German Danish Swedish snabel; from the root of nib, neb.]

A bridle consisting of a slender bit-mouth, without branches.

Encyc.

Snaffle

SNAF'FLE, verb transitive To bridle; to hold or manage with a bridle.

Snag

SNAG, noun A short branch, or a sharp or rough branch; a shoot; a knot.

The coat of arms

Now on a naked snag in triumph borne.

Dryden.

2. A tooth, in contempt; or a tooth projecting beyond the rest.

Prior.

Snagged

SNAG'GED, or SNAG'GY, adjective Full of snags; full of short rough branches or sharp points; abounding with knots; as a

snaggy tree; a snaggy stick; a snaggy oak.

Spenser. More.

Snail

SNAIL, noun [Saxon snoegel, snegel; Swedish snigel; Danish snegel; German schnecke; dim. from the root of snake, sneak.]

1. A slimy slow creeping animal, of the genus Helix, and order of Mollusca. The eyes of this insect are in the horns, one at the end of each, which it can retract at pleasure.

Encyc.

2. A drone; a slow moving person.

Shak.

Snail-Claver

SNAIL-CLAVER, or SNAIL-TREFOIL, noun A plant of the genus Medicago.

Snail-Flower

SNA'IL-FLOWER, noun A plant of the genus Phaseolus.

Snail-Like

SNA'IL-LIKE, adjective Resembling a snail; moving very slowly.

Snail-Like

SNA'IL-LIKE, adverb In the manner of a snail; slowly.

Snake

SNAKE, noun [Saxon snaca; Danish snog; German schnake; [Sans naga. Qu.] In German schnecke, Danish snekke, is a snail, from the root of Danish sniger, Irish snaighim, Saxon snican, to creep, to sneak.]

A serpent of the oviparous kind, distinguished from a viper, says Johnson. But in America, the common and general name of serpents, and so the word is used by the poets.

Dryden. Shak.

Snake

SNAKE, verb transitive In seamen's language, to wind a small rope round a large one spirally, the small ropes lying in the spaces between the strands of the large one. This is called also worming.

Snakeroot

SNA'KEROOT, noun [snake and root.] A plant, a species of birth-wort, growing in North America; the Aristolochia serpentaria.

Johnson. Lee.

Snakes-Head

SNA'KE'S-HEAD Iris, noun A plant with a lily shaped flower, of one leaf, shaped like an iris; the hermodactyl, or Iris tuberosa.

Miller. Lee.

Snakeweed

SNA'KEWEED, noun [snake and weed.] A plant, bistort, of the genus Polygonum.

Snakewood

SNA'KEWOOD, noun [snake and wood.] The smaller branches of a tree, growing in the isle of Timor and other parts of the east, having a bitter taste, and supposed to be a certain remedy for the bite of the hooded serpent.

Hill.

It is the wood of the Strychnos colubrina.

Parr.

Snaking

SNA'KING, participle of the present tense Winding small ropes spirally round a large one.

Snaky

SNA'KY, adjective Pertaining to a snake or to snakes; resembling a snake; serpentine; winding.

2. Sly; cunning; insinuating; deceitful.

So to the coast of Jordan he directs

His easy steps, girded with snaky wiles.

Milton.

3. Having serpents; as a snaky rod or wand.

Dryden.

That snaky headed gorgon shield.

Milton.

Snap

SNAP, verb transitive [Dutch snappen, snaawen; German schnappen, to snap, to snatch, to gasp or catch for breath; Danish snapper; Swedish snappa; from the root of knap and Dutch knippen.]

1. To break at once; to break short; as substances that are brittle.

Breaks the doors open, snaps the locks.

Prior.

2. To strike with a sharp sound.

Pope.

3. To bite or seize suddenly with the teeth.

Addison. Gay.

4. To break upon suddenly with sharp angry words.

5. To crack; as, to snap a whip.

To snap off, to break suddenly.

2. To bite off suddenly.

Wiseman.

To snap one up, to snap one up short, to treat with sharp words.

Snap

SNAP, verb intransitive To break short; to part asunder suddenly; as, a mast or spar snaps; a needle snaps.

If steel is too hard, that is, too brittle, with the least bending it will snap.

Moxon.

2. To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with the teeth; as, a dog snaps at a passenger; a fish snaps at the bait.

3. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words.

Snap

SNAP, noun A sudden breaking or rupture of any substance.

2. A sudden eager bite; a sudden seizing or effort to seize with the teeth.

3. A crack of a whip.

4. A greedy fellow.

L'Estrange.

5. A catch; a theft.

Johnson.

Snap-Dragon

SNAP'-DRAGON, noun A plant, calf's snout, of the genus Antirrhinum, and another of the genus Ruellia, and one of the genus Barleria.

2. A play in which raisins are snatched from burning brandy and put into the mouth.

Tatler.

3. The thing eaten at snap-dragon.

Swift.

Snapped

SNAP'PED, participle passive Broken abruptly; seized or bitten suddenly; cracked, as a whip.

Snapper

SNAP'PER, noun One that snaps.

Shak.

Snappish

SNAP'PISH, adjective Eager to bite; apt to snap; as a snappish cur.

2. Peevish; sharp in reply; apt to speak angrily or tartly.

Snappishly

SNAP'PISHLY, adverb Peevishly; angrily; tartly.

Snappishness

SNAP'PISHNESS, noun The quality of being snappish; peevishness; tartness.

Snapsack

SNAP'SACK, noun A knapsack. [Vulgar.]

Snar

SN'AR, verb intransitive To snarl. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Snare

SNARE, noun [Danish snare; Swedish snara; Danish snore, a string or cord, Dutch snor; Swedish sn?re, a line; sn?ra, to lace.]

1. An instrument for catching animals, particularly fowls, by the leg. It consists of a cord or string with slip-knots, in which the leg is entangled. A snare is not a net.

2. Any thing by which one is entangled and brought into trouble. 1 Corinthians 7.

A fool's lips are the snare of his soul. Proverbs 18.

Snare

SNARE, verb transitive [Danish snarer.] To catch with a snare; to ensnare; to entangle; to bring into unexpected evil, perplexity or danger.

The wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. Psalm 9.

Snared

SNA'RED, participle passive Entangled; unexpectedly involved in difficulty.

Snarer

SNA'RER, noun One who lays snares or entangles.

Snaring

SNA'RING, participle of the present tense Entangling; ensnaring.

Snarl

SN'ARL, verb intransitive [German schnarren, to snarl, to speak in the throat; Dutch snar, snappish. This word seems to be allied to gnarl, and to proceed from some root signifying to twist, bind or fasten, or to involve, entangle, and thus to be allied to snare.]

1. To growl, as an angry or surly dog; to gnarl; to utter grumbling sounds; but it expresses more violence than grumble.

That I should snarl and bite and play the dog.

Shak.

2. To speak roughly; to talk in rude murmuring terms.

It is malicious and unmanly to snarl at the little lapses of a pen, from which Virgil himself stands not exempted.

Dryden.

Snarl

SN'ARL, verb transitive To entangle; to complicate; to involve in knots; as, to snarl the hair; to snarl a skain of thread. [This word is in universal popular use in New England.]

2. To embarrass.

Snarl

SN'ARL, noun Entanglement; a knot or complication of hair, thread, &c., which it is difficult to disentangle.

Snarler

SN'ARLER, noun One who snarls; a surly growling animal; a grumbling quarrel-some fellow.

Swift.

Snarling

SN'ARLING, ppr Growling; grumbling angrily.

2. Entangling.

Snary

SNA'RY, adjective [from snare.] Entangling; insidious.

Spiders in the vault their snary webs have spread.

Dryden.

Snast

SNAST, noun [German schnautze, a snout.] The snuff of a candle. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Snatch

SNATCH, verb transitive pret. and pp. snatched or snacht. [Dutch snakken, to gasp, to catch for breath.]

1. To seize hastily or abruptly.

When half our knowledge we must snatch, not take.

Pope.

2. To seize without permission or ceremony; as, to snatch a kiss.

3. To seize and transport away; as, snatch me to heaven.

Thomson.

Snatch

SNATCH, verb intransitive To catch at; to attempt to seize suddenly.

Nay, the ladies too will be snatching.

Shak.

He shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry. Isaiah 9.

Snatch

SNATCH, noun A hasty catch or seizing.

2. A catching at or attempt to seize suddenly.

3. A short fit of vigorous action; as a snatch at weeding after a shower.

Tusser.

4. A broken or interrupted action; a short fit or turn.

They move by fits and snatches.

Wilkins.

We have often little snatches of sunshine.

Spectator.

5. A shuffling answer. [Little used.]

Shak.

Snatch-Block

SNATCH'-BLOCK, noun A particular kind of block used in ships, having an opening in one side to receive the bight of a rope.

Mar. Dict.

Snatched

SNATCH'ED, participle passive Seized suddenly and violently.

Snatcher

SNATCH'ER, noun One that snatches or takes abruptly.

Shak.

Snatching

SNATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Seizing hastily or abruptly; catching at.

Snatchingly

SNATCH'INGLY, adverb By snatching; hastily; abruptly.

Snath

SN`ATH, noun [Saxon snoed; snathe, sneath.]

The handle of a sythe.

New England.

Snathe

SNATHE, verb transitive [Saxon snidan, snithan.] To lop; to prune. [Not in use.]

Snattock

SNAT'TOCK, noun [supra.] A chip; a slice. [Not in use or local.]

Gayton.

Sneak

SNEAK, verb intransitive [Saxon snican; Danish sniger, to creep, to move softly. See Snake.]

1. To creep or steal away privately; to withdraw meanly, as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen; as, to sneak away from company; to sneak into a corner or behind a screen.

You skulk'd behind the fence, and sneak'd away.

Dryden.

2. To behave with meanness and servility; to crouch; to truckle.

Will sneaks a scriv'ner, an exceeding knave.

Pope.

Sneak

SNEAK, verb transitive To hide. [Not in use.]

Wake.

Sneak

SNEAK, noun A mean fellow.

Sneaker

SNE'AKER, noun A small vessel of drink. [Local.]

Spectator.

Sneaking

SNE'AKING, participle of the present tense Creeping away slily; stealing away.

2. adjective Mean; servile; crouching.

Rowe.

3. Meanly parsimonious; covetous; niggardly.

Sneakingly

SNE'AKINGLY, adverb In a sneaking manner; meanly.

Herbert.

Sneakingness

SNE'AKINGNESS, noun Meanness; niggardliness.

Boyle.

Sneakup

SNE'AKUP, noun A sneaking, cowardly, insidious fellow. [Not used.]

Shak.

Sneap

SNEAP, verb transitive [Danish snibbe, reproach, reprimand; snip, the end or point of a thing; Dutch snip, a snipe, from its bill; snippen, to snip, or nip; German schneppe, a peak; from the root of neb, nib, nip, with the sense of shooting out, thrusting like a sharp point.]

1. To check; to reprove abruptly; to reprimand. Obs.

Chaucer.

2. To nip. Obs.

Shak.

Sneb

SNEB, verb transitive To check; to reprimand. [The same as sneap.]

Spenser.

Sneek

SNEEK, noun The latch of a door. [Not in use or local.]

Sneed

SNEED, or SNEAD, noun A snath. [See Snath.]

Sneer

SNEER, verb intransitive [from the root of Latin naris, nose; to turn up the nose.]

1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, or by a particular cast of countenance; ``naso suspendere adunco.'

2. To insinuate contempt by covert expression.

I could be content to be a little sneered at.

Pope.

3. To utter with grimace.

Congreve.

4. To show mirth awkwardly.

Tatler.

Sneer

SNEER, noun A look of contempt, or a turning up of the nose to manifest contempt; a look of disdain, derision or ridicule.

Pope.

2. An expression of ludicrous scorn.

Watts.

Sneerer

SNEE'RER, noun One that sneers.

Sneerful

SNEE'RFUL, adjective Given to sneering. [Not in use.]

Shenstone.

Sneering

SNEE'RING, participle of the present tense Manifesting contempt or scorn by turning up the nose, or by some grimace or significant look.

Sneeringly

SNEE'RINGLY, adverb With a look of contempt or scorn.

Sneeze

SNEEZE, verb intransitive [Saxon niesan; Dutch niezen; German niesen; Swedish nysa; from the root of nose, German nase, Danish noese, Dutch neus, Latin nasus; the primary sense of which is to project.]

To emit air through the nose audibly and violently, by a kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation of the inner membrane of the nose. Thus snuff or any thing that tickles the nose, makes one sneeze.

Swift.

Sneeze

SNEEZE, noun A sudden and violent ejection of air through the nose with an audible sound.

Milton.

Sneeze-Wort

SNEE'ZE-WORT, noun A plant, a species of Achillea, and another of Xeranthemum.

Sneezing

SNEE'ZING, participle of the present tense Emitting air from the nose audibly.

Sneezing

SNEE'ZING, noun The act of ejecting air violently and audibly through the nose; sternutation.

Snell

SNELL, adjective [Saxon snel.] Active; brisk; nimble. [Not in use.]

Snet

SNET, noun The fat of a deer. [Local among sportsmen.]

Snew

SNEW, old pret. of snow. Obs.

Chaucer.

Snib

SNIB, to nip or reprimand, is only a different spelling of sneb, sneap. Hubberd's Tale.

Snick

SNICK, noun A small cut or mark; a latch. [Not in use.]

Snick and snee, a combat with knives. [Not in use.]

[Snee is a Dutch contraction of snyden, to cut.]

Snicker

SNICK'ER, or SNIG'GER, verb intransitive [Swedish niugg, close. This can have no connection with sneer. The elements and the sense are different.]

To laugh slily; or to laugh in one's sleeve. [It is a word in common use in New England, not easily defined. It signifies to laugh with small audible catches of voice, as when persons attempt to suppress loud laughter.]

Sniff

SNIFF, verb intransitive To draw air audibly up the nose. [See Snuff.]

Swift.

Sniff

SNIFF, verb transitive To draw in with the breath. [Not in use.]

Todd.

Sniff

SNIFF, noun Perception by the nose. [Not in use.]

Warton.

Snift

SNIFT, verb intransitive To snort. [Not in use.]

Snig

SNIG, noun [See Snake.] A kind of eel. [Local.]

Grose.

Sniggle

SNIG'GLE, verb intransitive [supra.] To fish for eels, by thrusting the bait into their holes. [Local.]

Walton.

Sniggle

SNIG'GLE, verb transitive To snare; to catch.

Beaum.

Snip

SNIP, verb transitive [Dutch snippen, to nip; knippen, to clip. See Sneap.]

To clip; to cut off the nip or neb, or to cut off at once with shears or scissors.

Snip

SNIP, noun A clip; a single cut with shears or scissors.

Shak. Wiseman.

2. A small shred.

Wiseman.

3. Share; a snack. [A low word.]

L'Estrange.

Snipe

SNIPE, noun [Dutch snip; German schnepfe; from neb, nib; so named from its bill.]

1. A bird that frequents the banks of rivers and the borders of fens, distinguished by the length of its bill; the scolopax gallinago.

2. A fool; a blockhead.

Shak.

Snipper

SNIP'PER, noun One that snips or clips.

Snippet

SNIP'PET, noun A small part or share. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Snipsnap, a cant word, formed by repeating snap, and signifying a tart dialogue with quick replies.

Pope.

Snite

SNITE, noun [Saxon] A snipe. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Snite

SNITE, verb transitive [Saxon snytan.] To blow the nose. [Not in use.] In Scotland, snite the candle, snuff it.

Grew.

Snivel

SNIVEL, noun sniv'l. [Saxon snofel, snyfling. Qu. neb, nib, snuff.]

Snot; mucus running from the nose.

Snivel

SNIV'EL, verb intransitive To run at the nose.

2. To cry as children, with snuffing or sniveling.

Sniveler

SNIV'ELER, noun One that cries with sniveling.

2. One that weeps for slight causes, or manifests weakness by weeping.

Snively

SNIV'ELY, adjective Running at the nose; pitiful; whining.

Snod

SNOD, noun [Saxon] A fillet. [Not in use or local.]

Snod

SNOD, adjective Trimmed; smooth. [Local.]

Snook

SNOOK, verb intransitive [Swedish snoka. Qu. nook.] To lurk; to lie in ambush. [Not in use.]

Scott.

Snore

SNORE, verb intransitive [Saxon snora, a snoring; Dutch snorken; German schnarchen; Swedish snarka; from the root of Latin naris, the nose or nostrils.]

To breathe with a rough hoarse noise in sleep.

Roscommon.

Snore

SNORE, noun A breathing with a harsh noise in sleep.

Snorer

SNO'RER, noun One that snores.

Snoring

SNO'RING, participle of the present tense Respiring with a harsh noise.

Snort

SNORT, verb intransitive [German schnarchen. See Snore.]

1. To force the air with violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as high spirited horses in prancing and play.

2. To snore. [Not common.]

Snort

SNORT, verb transitive To turn up in anger, scorn or derision, as the nose. [Unusual.]

Chaucer.

Snorter

SNORT'ER, noun One that snorts; a snorer.

Snorting

SNORT'ING, participle of the present tense Forcing the air violently through the nose.

Snorting

SNORT'ING, noun The act of forcing the air through the nose with violence and noise. Jeremiah 8.

2. Act of snoring. [Unusual.]

Snot

SNOT, noun [Saxon snote; Dutch snot; Danish id.] Mucus discharged from the nose.

Swift.

Snot

SNOT, verb transitive [Saxon snytan.] To blow the nose.

Sherwood.

Snotter

SNOT'TER, verb intransitive To snivel; to sob. [Local.]

Grose.

Snotty

SNOT'TY, adjective Foul with snot.

2. Mean; dirty.

Snout

SNOUT, noun [Welsh ysnid; Dutch snuit; German schnautze, snout; schn:autzen, to snuff, to blow the nose, Saxon snytan; Swedish snyte, Danish snude, snout; snyder, to snuff.]

1. The long projecting nose of a beast, as that of swine.

2. The nose of a man; in contempt.

Hudibras.

3. The nozzle or end of a hellow pipe.

Snout

SNOUT, verb transitive To furnish with a nozzle or point.

Camden.

Snouted

SNOUT'ED, adjective Having a snout.

Heylin.

Snouty

SNOUT'Y, adjective Resembling a beast's snout.

Otway.

Snow

SNOW, noun [a contracted word; Saxon snaw; Gothic snaiws; Dutch sneeuw; German schnee; Danish snee; Swedish sne; Sclav. sneg; Bohem. snik; Irish sneacht; French neige; Latin nix, nivis; Italian Portugese neve; Spanish nieve. The Latin nivis, is contracted from nigis, like bow, from Saxon bugan. The prefix s is common in the other languages.]

1. Frozen vapor; watery particles congealed into white crystals in the air, and falling to the earth. When there is no wind, these crystals fall in flakes or unbroken collections, sometimes extremely beautiful.

2. A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling the main and fore-masts of a ship, and a third small mast just abaft the mainmast, carrying a try-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Snow

SNOW, verb intransitive [Saxon snawan.] To fall in snow; as, it snows; it snowed yesterday.

Snow

SNOW, verb transitive To scatter like snow.

Donne.

Snowball

SNOWBALL, noun [snow and ball.] A round mass of snow, pressed or rolled together.

Locke. Dryden.

Snowball Tree

SNOWBALL TREE, noun A flowering shrub of the genus Viburnum; gelder rose.

Snow-Bird

SNOW-BIRD, noun A small bird which appears in the time of snow, of the genus Emberiza; called also snow-bunting.

In the U. States, the snow-bird is the Fringilla nivalis.

Wilson.

Snowbroth

SNOWBROTH, noun [snow and broth.]

Snow and water mixed; very cold liquor.

Shak.

Snow-Crowned

SNOW-CROWNED, adjective [snow and crown.]

Crowned or having the top covered with snow.

Drayton.

Snowdeep

SNOWDEEP, noun [snow and deep.] A plant.

Snow-Drift

SNOW-DRIFT, noun [snow and drift.] A bank of snow driven together by the wind.

Snow-Drop

SNOW-DROP, noun [snow and drop.] A plant bearing a white flower, cultivated in gardens for its beauty; the Galanthus nivalis.

Snowless

SNOWLESS, adjective Destitute of snow.

Tooke.

Snowlike

SNOWLIKE, adjective Resembling snow.

Snow-Shoe

SNOW-SHOE, noun [snow and shoe.] A shoe or racket worn by men traveling on snow, to prevent their feet from sinking into the snow.

Snow-Slip

SNOW-SLIP, noun [snow and slip.] A large mass of snow which slips down the side of a mountain, and sometimes buries houses.

Goldsmith.

Snow-White

SNOW-WHITE, adjective [snow and white.] White as snow; very white.

Snowy

SNOWY, adjective White like snow.

Shak.

2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow.

The snowy top of cold Olympus.

Milton.

3. White; pure; unblemished.

Hall.

Snub

SNUB, noun [Dutch sneb; a different orthography of snip, sneap, neb, nib, nip.]

A knot or protuberance in wood; a snag. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Snub

SNUB, verb transitive [supra.] To nip; to clip or break off the end. Hence,

2. To check; to reprimand; to check, stop or rebuke with a tart sarcastic reply or remark. [This is the same word radically as sneap, sneb, and is the word chiefly used.]

Snub

SNUB, verb intransitive [German schnauben, to snub, to snort, to pant for, to puff.] To sob with convulsions. [Not used.]

Snub-Nose

SNUB'-NOSE, noun A short or flat nose.

Snub-Nosed

SNUB'-NOSED, adjective Having a short flat nose.

Snudge

SNUDGE, verb intransitive [Danish sniger. See Snug.] To lie close; to snug. [Not in use or vulgar.]

Herbert.

Snudge

SNUDGE, noun A miser, or a sneaking fellow. [Not in use.]

Snuff

SNUFF, noun [Dutch snuf, whence snuffen, to snuff, to scent; German schnuppe; allied to snub, neb, nib.]

1. The burning part of a candle wick, or that which has been charred by the flame, whether burning or not.

Addison.

2. A candle almost burnt out.

Shak.

3. Pulverized tobacco, taken or prepared to be taken into the nose.

4. Resentment; huff, expressed by a snuffing of the nose.

Bacon.

Snuff

SNUFF, verb transitive [Dutch snuffen; German schnupfen, to take snuff; schnuppen, to snuff a candle.]

1. To draw in with the breath; to inhale; as, to snuff the wind.

Dryden.

2. To scent; to smell; to perceive by the nose.

Dryden.

3. To crop the snuff, as of a candle; to take off the end of the snuff.

Swift.

Snuff

SNUFF, verb intransitive To snort; to inhale air with violence or with noise; as dogs and horses.

Dryden.

2. To turn up the nose and inhale air in contempt. Malachi 2.

3. To take offense.

Snuffbox

SNUFF'BOX, noun A box for carrying snuff about the person.

Snuffer

SNUFF'ER, noun One that snuffs.

Snuffers

SNUFF'ERS, noun plu. An instrument for cropping the snuff of a candle.

Snuffle

SNUF'FLE, verb intransitive [Dutch snuffelen; German nÃƒ-¼ffeln and schnuffeln; Danish snÃƒ-¶vler, to snuffle, to give a crabbed answer, to snub.]

To speak through the nose; to breathe hard through the nose, or through the nose when obstructed.

Some senseless Phillis, in a broken note,

Snuffling at noseÃ‚--

Dryden.

Snuffler

SNUF'FLER, noun One that snuffles or speaks through the nose when obstructed.

Snuffles

SNUF'FLES, noun Obstruction of the nose by mucus.

Snuffling

SNUF'FLING, noun A speaking through the nose.

Swift.

Snufftaker

SNUFF'TAKER, noun One that takes snuff, or inhales it into the nose.

Snuffy

SNUFF'Y, adjective Soiled with snuff.

Snug

SNUG, verb intransitive [Danish sniger, to sneak; Saxon snican, to creep; probably allied to nigh, close, Swedish niugg. See Snake.]

To lie close; as, a child snugs to its mother or nurse.

Sidney.

Snug

SNUG, adjective [Swedish snygg, neat.] Lying close; closely pressed; as, an infant lies snug.

2. Close; concealed; not exposed to notice.

At Will's

Lie snug and hear what critics say.

Swift.

3. Being in good order; all convenient; neat; as a snug little farm.

4. Close; neat; convenient; as a snug house.

5. Slily or insidiously close.

When you lay snug, to snap young Damon's goat.

Dryden.

Snuggle

SNUG'GLE, verb intransitive [from snug.] To move one way and the other to get a close place; to lie close for convenience or warmth.

Snugly

SNUG'LY, adverb Closely; safely.

Snugness

SNUG'NESS, noun Closeness; the state of being neat or convenient.

Hayley's Cowper.

So

SO, adverb [Gothic Saxon swa; German so; Dutch zo; Danish saa; Swedish s?; perhaps Latin sic, contracted, or Hebrew to compose, to set. In Irish so is this or that. It is the same in Scots. It is from some root signifying to set, to still, and this sense is retained in the use of the word by milkmaids, who say to cows, so, so, that is, stand still, remain as you are; and in this use, the word may be the original verb.]

1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting comparison or resemblance; as with the people, so with the priest.

2. In such a degree; to that degree.

Why is his chariot so long in coming? Judges 5.

3. In such a manner; sometimes repeated, so and so; as certain colors, mingled so and so.

Suckling.

4. It is followed by as.

There is something equivalent in France and Scotland; so as it is a hard calumny upon our soil to affirm that so excellent a fruit will not grow here.

Temple.

But in like phrases, we now use that; ``so that it is a hard calumny;' and this may be considered as the established usage.

5. In the same manner.

Use your tutor with great respect, and cause all your family to do so too.

Locke.

6. Thus; in this manner; as New York so called from the duke of York. I know not why it is, but so it is.

It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire whether these things are so or not.

Tillotson.

7. Therefore; thus; for this reason; in consequence of this or that.

It leaves instruction, and so instructors, to the sobriety of the settled articles of the church.

Holyday.

God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and so capable of dominion.

Locke.

This statute made the clipping of coin high treason, which it was not at common law; so that this was an enlarging statute.

Blackstone.

8. On these terms, noting a conditional petition.

Here then exchange we mutually forgiveness;

So may the guilt of all my broken vows,

My perjuries to thee be all forgotten.

Rowe.

So here might be expressed by thus, that is, in this manner, by this mutual forgiveness.

9. Provided that; on condition that, [Latin modo.]

So the doctrine be but wholesome and edifyingÃ‚--though there should be a want of exactness in the manner of speaking and reasoning, it may be overlooked.

Atterbury.

I care not who furnishes the means, so they are furnished.

Anon.

10. In like manner, noting the concession of one proposition or fact and the assumption of another; answering to as.

As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in when he enters on it.

Swift.

11. So often expresses the sense of a word or sentence going before. In this case it prevents a repetition, and may be considered as a substitute for the word or phrase. ``France is highly cultivated, but England is more so,' that is, more highly cultivated.

Arthur Young.

To make men happy, and to keep them so.

Creech.

12. Thus; thus it is; this is the state.

How sorrow shakes him!

So now the tempest tears him up by th' roots.

Dryden.

13. Well; the fact being such. And so the work is done, is it?

14. It is sometimes used to express a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet without the corresponding word as, to render the degree definite.

An astringent is not quite so proper, where relaxing the urinary passages is necessary.

Arbuthnot.

That is, not perfectly proper, or not so proper as something else not specified.

15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be so, let it be as it is, or in that manner.

There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself.

Shak.

16. It expresses a wish, desire or petition.

Ready are the appellant and defendantÃ‚--

So please your highness to behold the fight.

Shak.

17. So much as, however much. Instead of so, we now generally use as; as much as, that much; whatever the quantity may be.

18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation; equivalent to well, well; or it is so, the thing is done.

So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast.

Dryden.

19. So, so, much as it was; indifferently; not well nor much amiss.

His leg is but so so.

Shak.

20. So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.

So then the Volscians stand; but as at first

Ready, when time shall prompt them, to make road

Upon's again.

Shak.

Soak

SOAK, verb transitive [Saxon socian; Welsh swgiaw, to soak, and sugaw, to suck. To soak is to suck in; Dutch zuigen, German saugen, Arabic sakai, to imbibe, that is, to draw; Irish sughthach, soaking; perhaps hence Swedish sackta, Dutch zagt, soft. Class Sg. No. 36. Hebrew Chaldee Syriac. No. 82.]

1. To steep; to cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other fluid; as, to soak cloth; to soak bread.

2. To drench; to wet thoroughly. The earth is soaked with heavy rains.

Their land shall be soaked with blood. Isaiah 34.

3. To draw in by the pores; as the skin.

Dryden.

4. To drain. [Not authorized.]

Soak

SOAK, verb intransitive To lie steeped in water or other fluid. Let the cloth lie and soak.

2. To enter into pores or interstices. Water soaks into the earth or other porous matter.

3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously; to drench; as a soaking club. [Low.]

Locke.

Soaked

SOAKED, participle passive Steeped or macerated in a fluid; drenched.

Soaker

SOAKER, noun One that soaks or macerates in a liquid.

2. A hard drinker. [Low.]

Soaking

SOAKING, participle of the present tense Steeping; macerating; drenching; imbibing.

2. adjective That wets thoroughly; as a soaking rain.

Soal

SOAL, of a shoe. [See Sole.]

Soap

SOAP, noun [Saxon sape; Dutch zeep; German seife; Swedish sÃƒ-¥pa; Danish soebe; French savon; Italian sapone; Spanish xabon; Latin sapo; Greek; Armoric savann; Welsh sebon; Hindoo, saboon, savin; Gipsey, sapuna; Pers. sabun; Arabic sabunon. Class Sb. No. 29.]

A compound of oil and alkali, or oil and earth, and metallic oxyds; usually, a compound of oil and vegetable alkali or lye; used in washing and cleansing, in medicine, &c.

Soap

SOAP, verb transitive [Saxon sapan; Dutch zeepen; German seifen.] To rub or wash over with soap.

Soapberry Tree

SOAPBERRY TREE, noun A tree of the genus Sapindus.

Soap-Boiler

SOAP-BOILER, noun [soap and boiler.] One whose occupation is to make soap.

Soapstone

SOAPSTONE, noun Steatite; a mineral or species of magnesian earth, usually white or yellow; the lapis ollaris.

Soap-Suds

SOAP-SUDS, noun Suds; water well impregnated with soap.

Soapwort

SOAPWORT, noun A plant of the genus Saponaria.

Soapy

SOAPY, adjective Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soft and smooth.

2. Smeared with soap.

Soar

SOAR, verb intransitive [French essorer, to soar; essor, flight; Italian sorare; Ethiopic sarar, to fly, to be lofty. Lud. Col. 109. Class Sr. No. 20.]

1. To fly aloft; to mount upon the wing; as an eagle. Hence,

2. To rise high; to mount; to tower in thought or imagination; to be sublime; as the poet or orator.

3. To rise high in ambition or heroism.

Valor soars above

What the world calls misfortune.

Addison.

4. In general, to rise aloft; to be lofty.

Soar

SOAR, noun A towering flight.

Milton.

Soaring

SOARING, participle of the present tense Mounting on the wing; rising aloft; towering in thought or mind.

Soaring

SOARING, noun The act of mounting on the wing, or of towering in thought or mind; intellectual flight.

Sob

SOB, verb intransitive [Saxon seobgend, complaining. Qu.]

To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or a kind of convulsive motion; to sigh with deep sorrow or with tears.

She sigh'd, she sobb'd, and furious with despair,

She rent her garments, and she tore her hair.

Dryden.

Sob

SOB, noun A convulsive sigh or catching of the breath in sorrow; a convulsive act of respiration obstructed by sorrow.

Johnson.

Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath.

Dryden.

Sob

SOB, verb transitive To soak. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

Sobbing

SOB'BING, participle of the present tense Sighing with a heaving of the breast.

Sober

SO'BER, adjective [French sobre; Italian sobrio; Latin sobrius; Dutch sober, poor, mean, spare, sober; Saxon sifer, sober, pure, chaste. See Soft.]

1. Temperate in the use of spiritous liquors; habitually temperate; as a sober man.

Live a sober, righteous and godly life.

Com. Prayer.

2. Not intoxicated or overpowered by spiritous liquors; not drunken. The sot may at times be sober.

3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary or heated with passion; having the regular exercise of cool dispassionate reason.

There was not a sober person to be had; all was tempestuous and blustering.

Dryden.

No sober man would put himself in danger, for the applause of escaping without breaking his neck.

Dryden.

4. Regular; calm; not under the influence of passion; as sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.

5. Serious; solemn; grave; as the sober livery of autumn.

What parts gay France from sober Spain?

Prior.

See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby.

Pope.

Sober

SO'BER, verb transitive To make sober; to cure of intoxication.

There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain,

And drinking largely sobers us again.

Pope.

Sobered

SO'BERED, participle passive Made sober.

Soberly

SO'BERLY, adverb Without intemperance.

2. Without enthusiasm.

3. Without intemperate passion; coolly; calmly; moderately.

Bacon. Locke.

4. Gravely; seriously.

Soberminded

SO'BERMINDED, adjective Having a disposition or temper habitually sober, calm and temperate.

Sobermindedness

SOBERMINDEDNESS, noun Calmness; freedom from inordinate passions; habitual sobriety.

Porteus.

Soberness

SO'BERNESS, noun Freedom from intoxication; temperance.

2. Gravity; seriousness.

3. Freedom from heat and passion; calmness; coolness.

The soberness of Virgil might have shown him the difference.

Dryden.

Sobriety

SOBRI'ETY, noun [French sobrietÃƒ-©; Latin sobrietas, from sobrius.]

1. Habitual soberness or temperance in the use of spirituous liquors; as when we say, a man of sobriety.

Hooker. Taylor.

2. Freedom from intoxication.

Public sobriety is a relative duty.

Blackstone.

3. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; as the sobriety of riper years; the sobriety of age.

Dryden.

4. Seriousness; gravity without sadness or melancholy.

Mirth makes them not mad,

Nor sobriety sad.

Denham.

Soc

SOC, noun [Saxon soc, from socan, secan, to seek, to follow, Latin sequor.]

1. Properly, the sequela, secta or suit, or the body of suitors; hence, the power or privilege of holding a court in a district, as in a manor; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction.

English Law. Wilkins. Lye.

2. Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens.

Cowel.

3. An exclusive privilege claimed by millers of grinding all the corn used within the manor or township in which the mill stands.

Grose.

Socage

SOC'AGE, noun [from soc, supra, a privilege.] In English law, a tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate service; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's service, in which the render was uncertain. The service must be certain, in order to be denominated socage; as to hold by fealty and twenty shillings rent.

Blackstone.

Socage is of two kinds; free socage, where the services are not only certain, but honorable, and villein socage, where the services, though certain, are of a baser nature.

Ib.

Socager

SOC'AGER, noun A tenant by socage; a socman.

Sociability

SOCIABIL'ITY, noun [French sociabilitÃƒ-©.] Sociableness; disposition to associate and converse with others; or the practice of familiar converse.

Sociable

SO'CIABLE, adjective [French sociable; Latin sociabilis, from socius, a companion, probably from sequor, to follow. See Seek.]

1. That may be conjoined; fit to be united in one body or company; as sociable parts united in one body.

Hooker.

2. Ready or disposed to unite in a general interest.

To make man mild, and sociable to man.

Addison.

3. Ready and inclined to join in company or society; or frequently meeting for conversation; as sociable neighbors.

4. Inclined to converse when in company; disposed to freedom in conversation; opposed to reserved and taciturn.

5. Free in conversation; conversing much or familiarly. The guests were very sociable.

Sociableness

SO'CIABLENESS, noun Disposition to associate; inclination to company and converse; or actual frequent union in society or free converse. This word may signify either the disposition to associate, or the disposition to enter into familiar conversation, or the actual practice of associating and conversing.

Sociably

SO'CIABLY, adverb In a sociable manner; with free intercourse; conversibly; familiarly; as a companion.

Social

SO'CIAL, adjective [Latin socialis, from socius, companion.

1. Pertaining to society; relating to men living in society, or to the public as an aggregate body; as social interests or concerns; social pleasures; social benefits; social happiness; social duties.

True self-love and social are the same.

Pope.

2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse; companionable.

Withers, adieu! yet not with thee remove

Thy martial spirit or thy social love.

Pope.

3. Consisting in union or mutual converse.

Milton.

4. Disposed to unite in society. Man is a social being.

Sociality

SOCIAL'ITY, noun Socialness; the quality of being social.

Sterne.

Socially

SO'CIALLY, adverb In a social manner or way.

Socialness

SO'CIALNESS, noun The quality of being social.

Society

SOCI'ETY, noun [French societÃƒ-©; Spanish sociedad; Italian societÃƒ- ; Latin societas, from socius, a companion. See Sociable.]

1. The union of a number of rational beings; or a number of persons united, either for a temporary or permanent purpose. Thus the inhabitants of a state or of a city constitute a society, having common interests; and hence it is called a community. In a more enlarged sense, the whole race or family of man is a society, and called human society.

The true and natural foundations of society, are the wants and fears of individuals.

Blackstone.

2. Any number of persons associated for a particular purpose, whether incorporated by law, or only united by articles of agreement; a fraternity. Thus we have bible societies, missionary societies, and charitable societies for various objects; societies of mechanics, and learned societies; societies for encouraging arts, &c.

3. Company; a temporary association of persons for profit or pleasure. In this sense, company is more generally used.

4. Company; fellowship. We frequent the society of those we love and esteem.

5. Partnership; fellowship; union on equal terms.

Among unequals what society can sort?

Milton.

Heav'n's greatness no society can bear.

Dryden.

6. Persons living in the same neighborhood, who frequently meet in company and have fellowship. Literary society renders a place interesting and agreeable.

7. In Connecticut, a number of families united and incorporated for the purpose of supporting public worship, is called an ecclesiastical society. This is a parish, except that it has not territorial limits. In Massachusetts, such an incorporated society is usually called a parish, though consisting of persons only, without regard to territory.

Socinian

SOCIN'IAN, adjective [from Socinus, a native of Sienna, in Tuscany, the founder of the sect of Socinians in the 16th century.]

Pertaining to Socinus, or his religious creed.

Socinian

SOCIN'IAN, noun One of the followers of Socinus.

Encyc.

Socinianism

SOCIN'IANISM, noun The tenets or doctrines of Socinus, who held Christ to be a mere man inspired, denied his divinity and atonement, and the doctrine of original depravity.

Encyc.

Sock

SOCK, noun [Saxon socc; Latin soccus; Swedish socka; German socke; Dutch zok; Danish sok; French socque; Italian socco; Spanish zoco, zueco, a wooden shoe, a plinth, whence zocalo, French socle.]

1. The shoe of the ancient actors of comedy. Hence the word is used for comedy, and opposed to buskin or tragedy.

Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here,

Nor greater Jonson dares in socks appear.

Dryden.

2. A garment for the foot, like the foot of a stocking.

3. A plowshare.

Ed. Encyc.

Socket

SOCK'ET, noun [Irish soicead.] The little hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick.

And in the sockets oily bubbles dance.

Dryden.

2. Any hollow thing or place which receives and holds something else; as the sockets of the teeth or of the eyes.

His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink.

Dryden.

Gomphosis is the connection of a tooth to its socket.

Wiseman.

Socket-Chisel

SOCK'ET-CHISEL, noun A chisel made with a socket; a stronger sort of chisel.

Moxon.

Sockless

SOCK'LESS, adjective Destitute of socks or shoes.

Beaum.

Socle

SO'CLE, noun [See Sock.] In architecture, a flat square member under the basis of pedestals of vases and statues, serving as a foot or stand.

Socman

SOC'MAN, noun [See Socage.] One who holds lands or tenements by socage.

Cowel.

Socmanry

SOC'MANRY, noun Tenure by socage. [Not in use.]

Cowel.

Socome

SOC'OME, noun A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord's mill. [Not used.]

Cowel.

Socotorine

SOC'OTORINE, or SOC'OTRINE, adjective Socotorine or socotrine aloes, a fine kind of aloes from Socotra, an isle in the Indian ocean.

Encyc.

Socratic

SOCRAT'IC, or SOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage, or to his language or manner of teaching and philosophizing. The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by interrogatories.

Socratically

SOCRAT'ICALLY, adverb In the Socratic method.

Goodman.

Socratism

SOC'RATISM, noun The doctrines or philosophy of Socrates.

Socratist

SOC'RATIST, noun A disciple of Socrates.

Martin.

Sod

SOD, noun [Dutch zoode; German sode. I suspect the radical sense is set, fixed; Welsh sodi, to set.]

Turf; sward; that stratum of earth on the surface which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface. It differs from clod, which may be a compact mass of earth without roots; but sod is formed by earth held together by roots.

Sod

SOD, adjective Made or consisting of sod.

Sod

SOD, verb transitive To cover with sod; to turf.

Sod

SOD, pret. of seethe; also the passive participle. [See Sodden.]

Soda

SO'DA, noun [German soda; Dutch souda; Italian soda; Spanish soda or sosa, glasswort, barilla.]

Mineral fixed alkali; natron; so called because it forms the basis of marine salt. It is found native in Egypt; but it is generally obtained from the salsola kali. Soda is an oxyd, or the protoxyd of sodium, a metal.

Davy.

Sodalite

SO'DALITE, noun A mineral; so called from the large portion of mineral alkali which enters into its composition. It is of a bluish green color, and found crystalized or in masses.

Dict.

Sodality

SODAL'ITY, noun [Latin sodalitas, from sodalis, a companion.] A fellowship or fraternity.

Stilling fleet.

Soda-Water

SO'DA-WATER, noun A very weak solution of soda in water supersaturated with carbonic acid, and constituting a favorite beverage.

Sodden

SOD'DEN, participle passive of seethe. Boiled; seethed.

Soddy

SOD'DY, adjective [from sod.] Turfy; consisting of sod; covered with sod.

Soder

SOD'ER, verb transitive [Welsh sawd, juncture; sawdriaw, to join, to soder; French souder; Armoric souda or soudta; Italian sodare, to make firm. It has been taken for granted that this is a contracted word, from Latin solido, and hence written solder. The fact may be doubted; but if true, the settled pronunciation seems to render it expedient to let the contracted orthography remain undisturbed.]

To unite and make solid, as metallic substances; to join separate things or parts of the same thing by a metallic substance in a state of fusion, which hardens in cooling, and renders the joint solid.

Soder

SOD'ER, noun Metallic cement; a metal or metallic composition used in uniting other metallic substances.

Sodium

SO'DIUM, noun The metallic base of soda. It is soft, sectile, white and opake, and very malleable. It is lighter than water.

Davy.

Sodomite

SOD'OMITE, noun An inhabitant of Sodom.

2. One guilty of sodomy.

Sodomy

SOD'OMY, noun A crime against nature.

Soe

SOE, noun [Scot. sae; perhaps sea.] A large wooden vessel for holding water; a cowl. [Local.]

More.

Soever, so and ever, found in compounds, as in whosoever, whatsoever, wheresoever. See these words. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun; as, in what things soever you undertake, use diligence and fidelity.

Sofa

SO'FA, noun [probably an oriental word. Qu. Swedish s?fva, to lull to sleep.]

An elegant long seat, usually with a stuffed bottom. Sofas are variously made. In the United States, the frame is of mahogany, and the bottom formed of stuffed cloth, with a covering of silk, chintz, calico or hair-cloth The sofa of the orientals is a kind of alcove raised half a foot above the floor, where visitors of distinction are received. It is also a seat by the side of the room covered with a carpet.

Soffit

SOF'FIT, noun [Italian soffitta.] In architecture, any timber ceiling formed of cross beams, the compartments of which are enriched with sculpture, painting or gilding.

2. The under side or face of an architrave, enriched with compartments of roses.

Encyc.

Soft

SOFT, adjective [Saxon softe, softa. The Dutch has zagt, Swedish sackta, Dutch sagte, and the German sanft, in a like sense, but whether allied to soft, may be questioned.]

1. Easily yielding to pressure; the contrary of hard; as a soft bed; a soft peach; soft earth.

2. Not hard; easily separated by an edged instrument; as soft wood. The chestnut is a soft wood, but more durable than hickory, which is a very hard wood. So we say, a soft stone, when it breaks or is hewed with ease.

3. Easily worked; malleable; as soft iron.

4. Not rough, rugged or harsh; smooth to the touch; delicate; as soft silk; soft raiment; a soft skin.

5. Delicate; feminine; as the softer sex.

6. Easily yielding to persuasion or motives flexible; susceptible of influence or passion. In both these senses, soft is applied to females, and sometimes to males; as a divine of a soft and servile temper.

K. Charles.

One king is too soft and easy.

L'Estrange.

7. Tender; timorous.

However soft within themselves they are,

To you they will be valiant by despair.

Dryden.

8. Mild; gentle; kind; not severe or unfeeling; as a person of a soft nature.

9. Civil; complaisant; courteous; as a person son of soft manners. He has a soft way of asking favors.

10. Placid; still; easy.

On her soft axle while she paces even,

She bears thee soft with the smooth air along.

Milton.

11. Effeminate; viciously nice.

An idle soft course of life is the source of criminal pleasures.

Broome.

12. Delicate; elegantly tender.

Her form more soft and feminine.

Milton.

13. Weak; impressible.

The deceiver soon found this soft place of Adam's. [Not elegant.]

Glanville.

14. Gentle; smooth or melodious to the ear not loud, rough or harsh; as a soft voice or note; a soft sound; soft accents; soft whispers.

Dryden. Pope.

15. Smooth; flowing; not rough or vehement.

The solemn nightingale tun'd her soft lays.

Milton.

Soft were my numbers, who could take offense?

Pope.

16. Easy; quiet; undisturbed; as soft slumbers.

17. Mild to the eye; not strong or glaring; as soft colors; the soft coloring of a picture.

The sun shining on the upper part of the clouds, made the softest lights imaginable.

Brown.

18. Mild; warm; pleasant to the feelings; as soft air.

19. Not tinged with an acid; not hard; not astringent; as, soft water is the best for washing.

20. Mild; gentle; not rough, rude or irritating.

A soft answer turneth away wrath. Proverbs 15.

Soft

SOFT, adverb Softly; gently; quietly.

Soft

SOFT, exclam. for be soft, hold; stop; not so fast.

But, soft, my muse, the world is wide.

Suckling.

Soften

SOFTEN, verb transitive sof'n. To make soft or more soft; to make less hard.

Their arrow's point they soften in the flame.

Gay.

2. To mollify; to make less fierce or intractable; to make more susceptible of humane or fine feelings; as, to soften a hard heart; to soften savage natures. The heart is softened by pity.

Diffidence conciliates the proud, and softens the severe.

Rambler.

3. To make less harsh or severe; as, to soften an expression.

4. To palliate; to represent as less enormous; as, to soften a fault.

5. To make easy; to compose; to mitigate; to alleviate.

Music can soften pain to ease.

Pope.

6. To make calm and placid.

Bid her be all that cheers or softens life.

Pope.

7. To make less harsh, less rude, less offensive or violent.

But sweetly temper'd awe, and soften'd all he spoke.

Dryden.

8. To make less glaring; as, to soften the coloring of a picture.

9. To make tender; to make effeminate; to enervate; as troops softened by luxury.

10. To make less harsh or grating; as, to soften the voice.

Soften

SOFTEN, v. i. sof'n. To become less hard; to become more pliable and yielding to pressure; as, iron or wax softens in heat; fruits soften as they ripen.

2. To become less rude, harsh or cruel; as, savage natures soften by civilization.

3. To become less obstinate or obdurate; to become more susceptible of humane feelings and tenderness; to relent. The heart softens at the sight of woe.

4. To become more mild; as, the air softens.

5. To become less harsh, severe or rigorous.

Softened

SOFT'ENED, participle passive Made less hard or less harsh; made less obdurate or cruel, or less glaring.

Softening

SOFT'ENING, participle of the present tense Making more soft; making less rough or cruel, &c.

Softening

SOFT'ENING, noun The act of making less hard, less cruel or obdurate, less violent, less glaring, &c.

Soft-Hearted

SOFT'-HE`ARTED, adjective Having tenderness of heart; susceptible of pity or other kindly affection; gentle; meek.

Softling

SOFT'LING, noun An effeminate person; one vitiously nice. [Little used.]

Woolton.

Softly

SOFT'LY, adverb Without hardness.

2. Not with force or violence; gently; as, he softly pressed my hand.

3. Not loudly; without noise; as, speak softly; walk softly.

In this dark silence softly leave the town.

Dryden.

4. Gently; placidly.

She softly lays him on a flowery bed.

Dryden.

5. Mildly; tenderly.

The king must die;

Though pity softly pleads within my soulÃ‚--

Dryden.

Softner

SOFT'NER, noun He or that which softens.

2. One that palliates.

Swift.

Softness

SOFT'NESS, noun The quality of bodies which renders them capable of yielding to pressure, or of easily receiving impressions from other bodies; opposed to hardness.

2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion; as the softness of the heart or of our natures.

3. Mildness; kindness; as softness of words or expressions.

Watts.

4. Mildness; civility; gentleness; as softness of manners.

Dryden.

5. Effeminacy; vicious delicacy.

He was not delighted with the softness of the court.

Clarendon.

6. Timorousness; pusillanimity; excessive susceptibility of fear or alarm.

This virtue could not proceed out of fear or softness.

Bacon.

7. Smoothness to the ear; as the softness of sounds, which is distinct from exility or fineness.

Bacon.

8. Facility; gentleness; candor; easiness to be affected; as softness of spirit.

Hooker.

9. Gentleness, as contrary to vehemence.

With strength and softness, energy and easeÃ‚--

Harte.

10. Mildness of temper; meekness.

For contemplation he and valor form'd,

For softness she, and sweet attractive grace.

Milton.

11. Weakness; simplicity.

12. Mild temperature; as the softness of a climate.

Mitford.

Soggy

SOG'GY, adjective [allied probably to soak, which see; Welsh soeg, and soegi, to steep.]

1. Wet; filled with water; soft with moisture; as soggy land. Timber that has imbibed water is said to be soggy.

2. Steaming with damp.

B. Jonson.

Soho

SOHO, exelam. A word used in calling from a distant place; a sportman's halloo.

Shak.

Soil

SOIL, verb transitive [Saxon selan, sylian; Danish sÃƒ-¶ler; Swedish s?la; French salir, souiller; Armoric salicza; Irish salaighim. Class Sl. No. 35. Syriac]

1. To make dirty on the surface; to foul; to dirt; to stain; to defile; to tarnish; to sully; as, to soil a garment with dust.

Our wonted ornaments now soil'd and stain'd.

Milton.

2. To cover or tinge with any thing extraneous; as, to soil the earth with blood.

Tate.

3. To dung; to manure.

South.

To soil a horse, is to purge him by giving him fresh grass.

Johnson.

To soil cattle, in husbandry, is to feed them with grass daily mowed for them, instead of pasturing them.

Soil

SOIL, noun [German sÃƒ-¼le. See the Verb.] Dirt; any foul matter upon another substance; foulness; spot.

2. Stain; tarnish.

A lady's honorÃ‚--will not bear a soil.

Dryden.

3. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound substance which furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is particularly adapted to support and nourish them. [Latin solum, Welsh swl.]

4. Land; country. We love our native soil.

5. Dung; compost.

Improve land by dung and other sort of soils.

Mortimer.

To take soil, to run into the water, as a deer when pursued.

B. Jonson.

Soiled

SOIL'ED, participle passive Fouled; stained; tarnished; manured; fed with grass.

Soiliness

SOIL'INESS, noun Stain; foulness. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Soiling

SOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding with fresh grass; manuring.

Soiling

SOIL'ING, noun The act or practice of feeding cattle or horses with fresh grass, instead of pasturing them.

Soilless

SOIL'LESS, adjective Destitute of soil.

Bigsby.

Soilure

SOIL'URE, noun [French souillure.] Stain; pollution. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sojourn

SOJOURN, verb intransitive so'jurn. [French sejourner; Italian soggiornare, which seems to be formed from the noun soggiorno; sub and giorno, a day.]

To dwell for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not considering the place as his permanent habitation. So Abram sojourned in Egypt. Genesis 12.

The soldiers assembled at New Castle, and there sojourned three days.

Hayward.

Sojourn

SO'JOURN, noun A temporary residence, as that of a traveler in a foreign land.

Milton.

Sojourner

SO'JOURNER, noun A temporary resident; a stranger or traveler who dwells in a place for a time.

We are strangers before thee and sojourners, as all our fathers were. 1 Chronicles 29.

Sojourning

SO'JOURNING, participle of the present tense Dwelling for a time.

Sojourning

SO'JOURNING, noun The act of dwelling in a place for a time; also, the time of abode. Exodus 12.

Sojournment

SO'JOURNMENT, noun Temporary residence, as that of a stranger or traveler.

Walsh.

Sol

SOL, noun [Norm. soulze, soulds, souz, from Latin solidus.]

1. In France, a small copper coin; a penny; usually sou or sous.

Encyc.

2. A copper coin and money of account in Switzerland.

Sol

SOL, noun [Italian] The name of a note in music.

Solace

SOL'ACE, verb transitive [Italian sollazzare, from Latin solatium; solor, to comfort, assuage, relieve. See Console.]

1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in affliction; to console; applied to persons; as, to solace one's self with the hope of future reward.

2. To allay; to assuage; as, to solace grief.

Solace

SOL'ACE, verb intransitive To take comfort; to be cheered or relieved in grief. Obs.

Shak.

Solace

SOL'ACE, noun [Italian sollazzo; Latin solatium.] Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; recreation.

The proper solaces of age are not music and compliments, but wisdom and devotion.

Rambler.

Solaced

SOL'ACED, participle passive Comforted; cheered in affliction.

Solacing

SOL'ACING, participle of the present tense Relieving grief; cheering in affliction.

Solacious

SOLA'CIOUS, adjective Affording comfort or amusement. [Not in use.]

Solander

SOLAND'ER, noun [French soulandres.] A disease in horses.

Dict.

Solan-Goose

SOLAN-GOOSE, noun The gannet, (Pelecanus bassanus,) an aquatic fowl found on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. It is nearly of the size of the domestic goose.

Encyc.

Solano

SOLA'NO, noun A hot S. E. wind in Spain which produces inflammatory effects on men.

Solar

SO'LAR, adjective [French solaire; Latin solaris, from sol, the sun, Welsh sÃƒ-»l, French soleil, Italian sole, Spanish sol.]

1. Pertaining to the sun, as the solar system; or proceeding from it, as solar light; solar rays; solar influence.

2. Belonging to the sun; as solar herbs. [Not used.]

3. In astrology, born under the predominant influence of the sun; as a solar people. Obs.

Dryden.

4. Measured by the progress of the sun, or by its revolution; as the solar year.

Solar flowers, are those which open and shut daily, at certain determinate hours.

Linne.

Solar spots, dark spots that appear on the sun's disk, usually visible only by the telescope, but sometimes so large as to be seen by the naked eye. They adhere to the body of the sun; indicate its revolutions on its axis; are very changeable in their figure and dimensions; and vary in size from mere points to spaces 50.000 miles in diameter.

Sold

SOLD, pret. and participle passive of sell.

Sold

SOLD, noun [from the root of soldier; Norm. soude.]

Salary; military pay. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Soldan

SOL'DAN, for sultan, not in use.

Milton.

Soldanel

SOL'DANEL, noun [Latin soldanella.] A plant.

Solder

SOL'DER, verb transitive [from Latin solido, solidus.] To unite by a metallic cement. [See Soder.]

Solder

SOL'DER, noun A metallic cement. [See Soder.]

Soldier

SOLDIER, noun soljur. [French soldat; Norm. soudeyer, soudiers; Italian soldato; Spanish soldado; from Latin solidus, a piece of money, the pay of a soldier; Norm. soud, contracted from sould, pay, wages; soudoyer, to keep in pay; Swedish besolda, to count out money to, to pay; Danish besolder, to give a salary or wages.]

1. A man engaged in military service; one whose occupation is military; a man enlisted for service in an army; a private, or one in the ranks.

There ought to be some time for sober reflection between the life of a soldier and his death.

Rambler.

2. A man enrolled for service, when on duty or embodied for military discipline; a private; as a militia soldier.

3. Emphatically, a brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill, or a man of distinguished valor. In this sense, an officer of any grade may be denominated a soldier.

Shak.

Soldieress

SOLDIERESS, noun A female soldier. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Soldierlike

SOLDIERLIKE, or SOLDIERLY, adjective Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic; honorable.

Soldiership

SOLDIERSHIP, noun Military qualities; military character or state; martial skill; behavior becoming a soldier.

Shak.

Soldiery

SOLDIERY, noun Soldiers collectively; the body of military men.

I charge not the soldiery with ignorance and contempt of learning, without exception.

Swift.

2. Soldiership; military service. Obs.

Sidney.

Sole

SOLE, noun [Saxon sol; Dutch zool; German sohle; Danish sole; French id.; Italian suolo, soil and sole; Spanish suela, the sole of the foot, and suolo, soil; Latin solea, solum; that which sets or is set or laid. The radical sense coincides with that of sill.]

1. The bottom of the foot; and by a figure, the foot itself.

Shak. Spenser.

2. The bottom of a shoe; or the piece of lether which constitutes the bottom.

The caliga was a military shoe with a very thick sole, tied above the instep.

Arbuthnot.

3. The part of any thing that forms the bottom, and on which it stands upon the ground.

Elm is proper for mills, soles of wheels, and pipes.

Mortimer.

4. A marine fish of the genus Pleuronectes, so called probably because it keeps on or near the bottom of the sea. These fish abound on the British coast, and hence the name of sole bank, to the southward of Ireland. This fish sometimes grows to the weight of six or seven pounds.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

5. In ship-building, a sort of lining, used to prevent the wearing of any thing.

6. A sort of horn under a horse's hoof.

Encyc.

Sole

SOLE, verb transitive To furnish with a sole; as, to sole a shoe.

Sole

SOLE, adjective [Latin solus; French seul; Italian Spanish solo; probably from separating; Arabic. Class Sl. No. 3.]

1. Single; being or acting without another; individual; only. God is the sole creator and sovereign of the world.

2. In law, single; unmarried; as a femme sole.

Solecism

SOL'ECISM, noun [Greek, said to be derived from Soli, a people of Attica, who being transplanted to Cilicia, lost the purity of their language.]

1. Impropriety in language, or a gross deviation from the rules of syntax; incongruity of words; want of correspondence or consistency.

A barbarism may be in one word; a solecism must be of more.

Johnson, from Cicero.

2. Any unfitness, absurdity or impropriety.

B. Jonson.

Cesar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his power, committed a dangerous solecism in politics.

Middleton.

Solecist

SOL'ECIST, noun [Greek.] One who is guilty of impropriety in language.

Blackwall.

Solecistic

SOLECIST'IC, or SOLECIST'ICAL, adjective Incorrect; incongruous.

Johnson.

Solecistically

SOLECIST'ICALLY, adverb In a solecistic manner.

Blackwall.

Solecize

SOL'ECIZE, verb intransitive [Greek.] To commit solecism.

More.

Solely

SO'LELY, adverb Singly; alone; only; without another; as, to rest a cause solely on one argument; to rely solely on one's own strength.

Solemn

SOLEMN, adjective sol'em. [French solennel; Italian solenne; Spanish solemne; Latin solennis, from soleo, to be accustomed, to use, that is, to hold on or continue, as we have wont, from German wohnen, to dwell.]

1. Anniversary; observed once a year with religious ceremonies.

The worship of this image was advanced, and a solemn supplication observed every year.

Stillingfleet.

[I doubt the correctness of this definition of Johnson; or whether solemn, in our language, ever includes the sense of anniversary. In the passage cited, the sense of anniversary is expressed by every year, and if it is included in solemn also, the sentence is tautological. I should say then, that solemn in this passage of Stillingfleet, has the sense given in the second definition below.]

2. Religiously grave; marked with pomp and sanctity; attended with religious rites.

His holy rites and solemn feasts profan'd.

Milton.

3. Religiously serious; piously grave; devout; marked by reverence to God; as solemn prayer; the solemn dutles of the sanctuary.

4. Affecting with seriousness; impressing or adapted to impress seriousness, gravity or reverence; sober; serious.

There reign'd a solemn silence over all.

Spenser.

To 'swage with solemn touches troubled thoughts.

Milton.

5. Grave; serious; or affectedly grave; as a solemn face.

6. Sacred; enjoined by religion; or attended with a serious appeal to God; as a solemn oath.

7. Marked with solemnities; as a solemn day.

Solemness

SOL'EMNESS, noun The state or quality of being solemn; reverential manner; gravity; as the solemness of public worship.

2. Solemnity; gravity of manner.

Wotton.

Solemnity

SOLEM'NITY, noun [French solemnitÃƒ-©.] A rite or ceremony annually performed with religious reverence.

Great was the cause: our old solemnities

From no blind zeal or fond tradition rise,

But sav'd from death, our Argives yearly pay

These grateful honors to the god of day.

Pope.

[Solemnities seems here to include the sense of anniversary. See the fourth line. But in modern usage, that sense is rarely or never attached to the word.]

2. A religious ceremony; a ritual performance attended with religious reverence; as the solemnity of a funeral or of a sacrament.

3. A ceremony adapted to impress awe; as the solemnities of the last day.

4. Manner of acting awfully serious.

With horrible solemnity he caused every thing to be prepared for his triumph of victory.

Sidney.

5. Gravity; steady seriousness; as the solemnity of the Spanish language.

Spectator.

6. Affected gravity.

Solemnity's a cover for a sot.

Young.

Solemnization

SOLEMNIZA'TION, noun The act of solemnizing; celebration; as the solemnization of a marriage.

Bacon.

Solemnize

SOL'EMNIZE, verb transitive [French solenniser; Italian solennizzare.]

1. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate; as, to solemnize the birth of Christ.

Boyle.

Their choice nobility and flow'r

Met from all parts to solemnize this feast.

Milton.

2. To perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according to legal forms; as, to solemnize a marriage.

Z. Swift.

3. To perform religiously once a year. Qu.

Hooker.

4. To make grave, serious and reverential; as, to solemnize the mind for the duties of the sanctuary. [This use of the word is well authorized in the United States.]

Solemnly

SOL'EMNLY, adverb With gravity and religious reverence. Let us solemnly address the throne of grace.

2. With official formalities and by due authority. This question of law has been solemnly decided in the highest court.

3. With formal state.

Shak.

4. With formal gravity and stateliness, or with affected gravity.

Ã‚--There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise.

Dryden.

5. With religious seriousness; as, 1 solemnly declare myself innocent.

I do solemnly assure the readerÃ‚--

Swift.

Soleness

SO'LENESS, noun [from sole.] Singleness; a state of being unconnected with others.

Dering.

Solenite

SO'LENITE, noun Petrified solen, a genus of shells.

Sol-Fa

SOL-FA, verb intransitive To pronounce the notes of the gammut, ascending or descending, ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and e converso.

Solicit

SOLIC'IT, verb transitive [Latin solicito; French solliciter; Italian sollecitare. I know not whether this word is simple or compound; probably the latter. Qu. Latin lacio.]

1. To ask with some degree of earnestness; to make petition to; to apply to for obtaining something. This word implies earnestness in seeking, but I think less earnestness than beg, implore, entreat, and importune, and more than ask or request; as when we say, a man solicits the minister for an office; he solicits his father for a favor.

Did I solicit thee

From darkness to promote me?

Milton.

2. To ask for with some degree of earnestness; to seek by petition; as, to solicit an office; to solicit a favor.

3. To awake or excite to action; to summon; to invite.

That fruit solicited her longing eye.

Milton.

Sounds and some tangible qualities solicit their proper senses, and force an entrance to the mind.

Locke.

4. To attempt; to try to obtain.

I view my crime, but kindle at the view,

Repeat old pleasures and solicit new.

Pope.

5. To disturb; to disquiet; a Latinism rarely used.

But anxious fears solicit my weak breast.

Dryden.

Solicitation

SOLICITA'TION, noun Earnest request; a seeking to obtain something from another with some degree of zeal and earnestness; sometimes perhaps, importunity. He obtained a grant by repeated solicitations.

2. Excitement; invitation; as the solicitation of the senses.

Locke.

Solicited

SOLIC'ITED, participle passive Earnestly requested.

Soliciting

SOLIC'ITING, participle of the present tense Requesting with earnestness; asking for; attempting to obtain.

Solicitor

SOLIC'ITOR, noun [French solliciteur.] One who asks with earnestness; one that asks for another.

Shak.

2. An attorney, advocate or counselor at law who is authorized to practice in the English court of chancery. In America, an advocate or counselor at law, who, like the attorney general or state's attorney, prosecutes actions for the state.

Solicitor-General

SOLIC'ITOR-GENERAL, noun A lawyer in Great Britain, who is employed as counsel for the queen.

Solicitous

SOLIC'ITOUS, adjective [Latin solicitus.] Careful; anxious; very desirous, as to obtain something. Men are often more solicitous to obtain the favor of their king or of the people, than of their Maker.

2. Careful; anxious; concerned; as respecting an unknown but interesting event; followed usually by about or for. We say, a man is solicitous about the fate of his petition, or about the result of the negotiation. He is solicitous for the safety of his ship.

3. Anxious; concerned; followed by for, as when something is to be obtained. Be not solicitous for the future.

Solicitously

SOLIC'ITOUSLY, adverb Anxiously; with care and concern. Errors in religion or in science are to be solicitously avoided. A wise prince solicitously promotes the prosperity of his subjects.

Solicitress

SOLIC'ITRESS, noun A female who solicits or petitions.

Solicitude

SOLIC'ITUDE, noun [Latin solicitudo.] Carefulness; concern; anxiety; uneasiness of mind occasioned by the fear of evil or the desire of good. A man feels solicitude when his friend is sick. We feel solicitude for the success of an enterprise. With what solicitude should men seek to secure future happiness.

Solid

SOL'ID, adjective [Latin solidus; French solide; Italian Spanish solido; from the sense of setting or pressure, and hence allied to Latin solum, sill.]

1. Hard; firm; compact; having its constituent particles so close or dense as to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies. Hence solid bodies are not penetrable, nor are the parts movable and easily displaced like those of fluids. Solid is opposed to fluid and liquid.

2. Not hollow; full of matter; as a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one.

3. Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1728 solid inches.

Arbuthnot.

[In this sense, cubic is now generally used.]

4. Firm; compact; strong; as a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.

Addison.

5. Sound; not weakly; as a solid constitution of body. [Sound is more generally used.]

Watts.

6. Real; sound; valid; true; just; not empty or fallacious. Wise men seek solid reasons for their opinions.

7. Grave; profound; not light, trifling or superficial.

These wanting wit, affect gravity, and go by the name of solid men.

Dryden.

8. In botany, of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spungy or hollow within, as a stem.

Martyn.

A solid foot, contains 1728 solid inches, weighing 1000 ounces of rain water.

Solid angle, an angle formed by three or more plain angles meeting in a point.

Solid square, in military language, is a square body of troops; a body in which the ranks and files are equal.

Solid

SOL'ID, noun A firm compact body. In anatomy and medical science, the bones, flesh and vessels of animal bodies are called solids, in distinction from the blood, chyle and other fluids.

Solidate

SOL'IDATE, verb transitive [Latin solido.] To make solid or firm. [Little used.]

Cowley.

Solidification

SOLIDIFICA'TION, noun The act of making solid.

Solidified

SOLID'IFIED, participle passive Made solid.

Solidify

SOLID'IFY, verb transitive [Latin solidus, solid, and facio, to make.]

To make solid or compact.

Kirwan.

Solidifying

SOLID'IFYING, participle of the present tense Making solid.

Solidity

SOLID'ITY, noun [French soliditÃƒ-©; Latin soliditas.]

1. Firmness; hardness; density; compactness; that quality of bodies which resists impression and penetration; opposed to fluidity.

That which hinders the approach of two bodies moving one towards another, I call solidity.

Locke.

2. Fullness of matter; opposed to hollowness.

3. Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity; truth; certainty; as opposed to weakness or fallaciousnes; as the solidity of arguments or reasoning; the solidity of principles, truths or opinions.

Addison. Prior.

4. In geometry, the solid contents of a body.

Solidly

SOL'IDLY, adverb Firmly; densely; compactly; as the parts of a pier solidly united.

2. Firmly; truly; on firm grounds.

A complete brave man ought to know solidly the main end of his being in the world.

Digby.

Solidness

SOL'IDNESS, noun The quality of being firm, dense or compact; firmness; compactness; solidity; as of material bodies.

2. Soundness; strength; truth; validity; as of arguments, reasons, principles, &c.

Solidungulous

SOLIDUN'GULOUS, adjective [Latin solidus, solid, and ungula, hoof.]

Having hoofs that are whole or not cloven.

A horse is a solidungulous animal.

Brown. Barrow.

Solifidian

SOLIFID'IAN, noun [Latin solus, alone, and fides, faith.]

One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is necessary to justification.

Hammond.

Solifidian

SOLIFID'IAN, adjective Holding the tenets of Solifidians.

Feltham.

Solifidianism

SOLIFID'IANISM, noun The tenets of Solifidians.

Soliloquize

SOLIL'OQUIZE, verb intransitive To utter a soliloquy.

Soliloquy

SOLIL'OQUY, noun [French soliloque; Italian Spanish soliloquio; Latin solus, alone, and loquor, to speak.]

1. A talking to one's self; a talking or discourse of a person alone, or not addressed to another person, even when others are present.

Lovers are always allowed the comfort of soliloquy.

Spectator.

2. A written composition, reciting what it is supposed a person speaks to himself.

The whole poem is a soliloquy.

Prior.

Soliped

SOL'IPED, noun [Latin solus, alone, or solidus, and pes, foot. But the word is ill formed.]

An animal whose foot is not cloven.

Brown.

The solipeds constitute an order of quadrupeds with undivided hoofs, corresponding to the Linnean genus Equus.

Ed. Encyc.

Solitair

SOLITA'IR, noun [French solitaire, from Latin solitarius. See Solitary.]

1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit.

Pope.

2. An ornament for the neck.

Shenstone.

Solitarian

SOLITA'RIAN, noun A hermit.

Twisden.

Solitarily

SOL'ITARILY, adverb [from solitary.] In solitude; alone; without company.

Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thy heritage, that dwell solitarily in the wood. Micah 16.

Solitariness

SOL'ITARINESS, noun The state of being alone; forbearance of company; retirement, or habitual retirement.

At home, in wholesome solitariness.

Donne.

2. Solitude; loneliness; destitution of company or of animated beings; applied to place; as the solitariness of the country or of a wood.

Solitary

SOL'ITARY, adjective [French solitaire; Latin solitarius, from solus, alone.]

1. Living alone; not having company. Some of the more ferocious animals are solitary, seldom or never being found in flocks or herds. Thus the lion is called a solitary animal.

Those rare and solitary, these in flocks.

Milton.

2. Retired; remote from society; not having company, or not much frequented; as a solitary residence or place.

3. Lonely; destitute of company; as a solitary life.

4. Gloomy; still; dismal.

Let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein. Job 3.

5. Single; as a solitary instance of vengeance; a solitary example.

6. In botany, separate; one only in a place; as a solitary stipule.

A solitary flower is when there is only one to each peduncle; a solitary seed, when there is only one in a pericarp.

Martyn.

Solitary

SOL'ITARY, noun One that lives alone or in solitude; a hermit; a recluse.

Pope.

Solitude

SOL'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin solitudo; from solus, alone.]

1. Loneliness; a state of being alone; a lonely life.

Whoever is delighted with solitude, is either a wild beast or a god.

Bacon.

2. Loneliness; remoteness from society; destitution of company; applied to place; as the solitude of a wood or a valley; the solitude of the country.

The solitude of his little parish is become matter of great comfort to him.

Law.

3. A lonely place; a desert.

In these deep solitudes and awful cells,

Where heavenly-pensive contemplation dwells.

Pope.

Solivagant

SOLIV'AGANT, adjective [Latin solivagus; solus, alone, and vagor, to wander.] Wandering alone.

Granger.

Sollar

SOL'LAR, noun [Low Latin solarium.] A garret or upper room. [Not in use.]

Tusser.

Solmization

SOLMIZA'TION, noun [from sol, mi, musical notes.]

A solfaing; a repetition or recital of the notes of the gammut.

Burney.

Solo

SO'LO, noun [Italian from Latin solus, alone.] A tune, air or strain to be played by a single instrument, or sung by a single voice.

Solomons Leaf

SOLOMON'S LEAF, noun A plant.

Solomons Seal

SOLOMON'S SEAL, noun A plant of the genus Convallaria, and another of the genus Uvularia.

Fam. of Plants.

Solstice

SOL'STICE, noun [French from Latin solstitium; sol, the sun, and sto, to stand; Italian solstizio; Spanish solsticio.]

In astronomy, the point in the ecliptic at which the sun stops or ceases to recede from the equator, either north in summer, or south in winter; a tropic or tropical point. There are two solstices; the summer solstice, the first degree of Cancer, which the sun enters on the 21st of June, and the winter solstice, the first degree of Capricorn, which the sun enters on the 21st of December.

Solstitial

SOLSTI'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to a solstice; as a solstitial point.

Brown.

2. Happening at a solstice; usually with us, at the summer solstice or midsummer; as solstitial heat.

Milton.

Solubility

SOLUBIL'ITY, noun [from soluble.] The quality of a body which renders it susceptible of solution; susceptibility of being dissolved in a fluid. The solubility of resins is chiefly confined to spirits or alcohol.

Soluble

SOL'UBLE, adjective [Latin solubilis, from solvo, to melt.]

Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution. Sugar is soluble in water; salt is soluble only to a certain extent, that is, till the water is saturated.

Solute

SOLU'TE, adjective [Latin solutus, solvo.] In a general sense, loose; free; as a solute interpretation. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

2. In botany, loose; not adhering; opposed to adnate; as a solute stipule.

Martyn.

Solute

SOLU'TE, verb transitive To dissolve. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Solution

SOLU'TION, noun [French; Italian soluzione; Spanish solucion; from Latin solutio, from solvo, to loosen, melt, dissolve. See Solve.]

1. The act of separating the parts of any body; disruption; breach.

In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of solution of continuity.

Bacon.

2. The operation or process of dissolving or melting in a fluid; as the solution of sugar or salt.

[Note.Ã‚--This word is not used in chimistry or mineralogy for the dissolution or melting of bodies by the heat of fire.]

The term solution is applied to a very extensive class of phenomena. When a solid disappears in a liquid, if the compound exhibits perfect transparency, we have an example of solution. The word is applied both to the act of combination and to the result of the process. Thus common salt disappears in water, that is, its solution takes place, and the liquid obtained is called a solution of salt in water. Solution is the result of attraction or affinity between the fluid and the solid. This affinity continues to operate to a certain point, where it is overbalanced by the cohesion of the solid; it then ceases, the fluid is said to be saturated, the point where the operation ceases is called saturation, and the fluid is called a saturated solution.

Webster's Manual.

Solution is a true chimical union. Mixture is a mere mechanical union of bodies.

3. Resolution; explanation; the act of explaining or removing difficulty or doubt; as the solution of a difficult question in morality; the solution of a doubt in casuistry.

4. Release; deliverance; discharge.

Barrow.

5. In algebra and geometry, the answering of a question, or the resolving of a problem proposed.

Solution of continuity, the separation of connection or connected substances or parts; applied, in surgery, to a fracture, laceration, &c

Solutive

SOL'UTIVE, adjective Tending to dissolve; loosening; laxative.

Encyc.

Solvability

SOLVABIL'ITY, noun Ability to pay all just debts.

Encyc.

Solvable

SOLV'ABLE, adjective That may be solved, resolved or explained.

2. That can be paid.

Tooke.

Solve

SOLVE, v. t. solv. [Latin solvo; French soudre; Italian solvere. Class Sl. Several roots give the sense.]

1. Properly, to loosen or separate the parts of any thing; hence, to explain; to resolve; to eclaircise; to unfold; to clear up; as what is obscure or difficult to be understood; as, to solve questions; to solve difficulties or a problem.

When God shall solve the dark decrees of fate.

Tickel.

2. To remove; to dissipate; as, to solve doubts.

Solved

SOLV'ED, participle passive Explained; removed.

Solvency

SOLV'ENCY, noun [Latin solvens.] Ability to pay all debts or just claims; as, the solvency of a merchant is undoubted. The credit of a nation's notes depends on a favorable opinion of its solvency.

Solvend

SOLVEND', noun A substance to be dissolved.

Kirwan.

Solvent

SOLV'ENT, adjective Having the power of dissolving; as a solvent body.

Boyle.

2. Able to pay all just debts. The merchant is solvent.

3. Sufficient to pay all just debts. The estate is solvent.

Solvent

SOLV'ENT, noun A fluid that dissolves any substance, is called the solvent.

Solvible

SOLV'IBLE, adjective Solvable, which see.

Somatic

SOMAT'IC, or SOMAT'ICAL, adjective [Greek, from, body.] Corporeal; pertaining to a body. [Not in use.]

Scott.

Somatist

SO'MATIST, noun [supra.] One who admits the existence of corporeal or material beings only; one who denies the existence of spiritual substances.

Glanville.

Somatology

SOMATOL'OGY, noun [Greek, body, and, discourse.]

The doctrine of bodies or material substances.

Somber

SOMBER, or SOMBRE, adjective [French sombre, from Spanish sombra, a shade.] Dull; dusky; cloudy; gloomy.

Sombrous

SOMBROUS, adjective Gloomy.

Stephens.

Some

SOME, a. sum. [Saxon sum, sume; Dutch sommige; Swedish somlige; Swedish Danish som, who.]

1. Noting a certain quantity of a thing, but indeterminate; a portion greater or less. Give me some bread; drink some wine; bring some water.

2. Noting a number of persons or things, greater or less, but indeterminate.

Some theoretical writers alledge that there was a time when there was no such thing as society.

Blackstone.

3. Noting a person or thing, but not known, or not specific and definite. Some person, I know not who, gave me the information. Enter the city, and some man will direct you to the house.

Most gentlemen of property, at some period or other of their lives, are ambitious of representing their county in parliament.

Blackstone.

4. It sometimes precedes a word of number or quantity, with the sense of about or near, noting want of certainty as to the specific number or amount, but something near it; as a village of some eighty houses; some two or three persons; some seventy miles distant; an object at some good distance.

Bacon.

5. Some is often opposed to others. Some men believe one thing, and others another.

6. Some is often used without a noun, and then like other adjectives, is a substitute for a noun. We consumed some of our provisions, and the rest was given to the poor.

Some to the shores do fly,

Some to the woods.

Daniel.

Your edicts some reclaim from sins,

But most your life and blest example wins.

Dryden.

7. Some is used as a termination of certain adjectives, as in handsome, mettlesome, blithesome, fullsome, lonesome, gladsome, gamesome. In these words, some has primarily the sense of little, or a certain degree; a little blithe or glad. But in usage, it rather indicates a considerable degree of the thing or quantity; as mettlesome, full of mettle or spirit; gladsome, very glad or joyous.

Somebody

SOMEBODY, noun [some and body.] A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate.

Jesus said, somebody hath touched me. Luke 8.

We must draw in somebody that may stand

'Twixt us and danger.

Denham.

2. A person of consideration.

Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody. Acts 5.

Somedeal

SOMEDEAL, adverb [some and deal.] In some degree. Obs.

Spenser.

Somersault

SOM'ERSAULT, or SOM'ERSET, noun [Spanish sobresalir, to exceed in highth, to leap over; sobresaltar, to surprise; Italian soprassalire, to attack unexpectedly; soprassalto, an overleap; Latin super and salio, to leap.]

A leap by which a person jumps from a highth, turns over his head and falls upon his feet.

Donne.

Somehow

SOMEHOW, adverb [some and how.] One way or other; in some way not yet known. The thing must have happened somehow or other.

Something

SOMETHING, noun [some and thing.] An indeterminate or unknown event. Something must have happened to prevent the arrival of our friends at the time fixed. I shall call at two o'clock, unless something should prevent. [See Thing.]

2. A substance or material thing, unknown, indeterminate or not specified. A machine stops because something obstructs its motion. There must be something to support a wall or an arch.

3. A part; a portion more or less.

Something yet of doubt remains.

Milton.

Still from his little he could something spare,

To feed the hungry and to clothe the bare.

Harte.

Something of it arises from our infant state.

Watts.

4. A little; an indefinite quantity or degree. The man asked me a dollar, but I gave him something more.

5. Distance not great.

It must be done to-night, and something from the palace.

Shak.

6. Something is used adverbially for in some degree; as, he was something discouraged; but the use is not elegant.

Temple.

Sometime

SOMETIME, adverb [some and time.] Once; formerly.

Ã‚--That fair and warlike form,

In which the majesty of buried Denmark

Did sometime march.

Shak.

2. At one time or other hereafter.

[Sometime is really a compound noun, and at is understood before it; at some time.]

Sometimes

SOMETIMES, adverb [some and times.] At times; at intervals; not always; now and then. We are sometimes indisposed, sometimes occupied, sometimes at leisure; that is, at some times.

It is good that we be sometimes contradicted.

Taylor.

2. At one time; opposed to another time.

Somewhat

SOMEWHAT, noun [some and what.] Something, though uncertain what.

Atterbury.

2. More or less; a certain quantity or degree, indeterminate.

These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste.

Grew.

3. A part, greater or less.

Somewhat of his good sense will suffer in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost.

Dryden.

Somewhat

SOMEWHAT, adverb In some degree or quantity. This is somewhat more or less than was expected; he is somewhat aged; he is somewhat disappointed; somewhat disturbed.

Somewhere

SOMEWHERE, adverb [some and where.] In some place, unknown or not specified; in one place or another. He lives somewhere in obscurity. Dryden somewhere says, peace to the manes of the dead.

Somewhile

SOMEWHILE, adverb [some and while.] Once; for a time. Obs.

Spenser.

Somewhither

SOMEWHITHER, adverb To some indeterminate place.

Johnson.

Sommite

SOM'MITE, noun Nepheline; a mineral which occurs in small crystals and crystaline grains in the lava of mount Somma on Vesuvius.

HaÃƒ-¼y.

Somnambulation

SOMNAMBULA'TION, noun [Latin somnus, sleep, and ambulo, to walk.]

The act of walking in sleep.

Beddoes.

Somnambulism

SOMNAM'BULISM, noun [supra.] The act or practice of walking in sleep.

Beddoes. Darwin.

Somnambulist

SOMNAM'BULIST, noun A person who walks in his sleep.

Beddoes. Porteus.

Somner

SOMNER, for summoner. [Not in use.]

Somniferous

SOMNIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin somnifer; somnus, sleep, and fero, to bring; French somnifere; Italian Spanish somnifero.]

Causing or inducing sleep; soporiferous; narcotic; as a somniferous potion.

Walton.

Somnific

SOMNIF'IC, adjective [Latin somnus, sleep, and facio, to make.] Causing sleep; tending to induce sleep.

Somnolence

SOM'NOLENCE, or SOM'NOLENCY, noun [Low Latin somnolentia; from somnus, sleep.]

Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

Gower.

Somnolent

SOM'NOLENT, adjective Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep.

Bullokar.

Son

SON, noun [Saxon sunu; Gothic sunus; German sohn; Dutch zoon; Swedish son; Danish sÃƒ-¶n; Sanscrit sunu; Russian syn or sin.]

1. A male child; the male issue of a parent, father or mother. Jacob had twelve sons. Ishmael was the son of Hagar by Abraham.

2. A male descendant, however distant; hence in the plural, sons signifies descendants in general, a sense much used in the Scriptures. The whole human race are styled sons of Adam.

3. The compellation of an old man to a young one, or of a confessor to his penitent; a term of affection. Eli called Samuel his son.

Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift.

Shak.

4. A native or inhabitant of a country; as the sons of Britain. Let our country never be ashamed of her sons.

5. The produce of any thing.

Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak and pine.

Blackmore.

[Note. The primary sense of child is produce, issue; a shoot.]

6. One adopted into a family.

Moses was the son of Pharaoh's daughter. Exodus 2.

7. One who is converted by another's instrumentality, is called his son; also, one educated by another; as the sons of the prophets.

8. Christ is called the Son of God, as being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, or in consequence of his relation to the Father.

9. Son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial. These are Hebraisms, which denote that persons possess the qualities of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors.

Sonata

SON'ATA, noun [Italian See Sound.] A tune intended for an instrument only, as cantata is for the voice.

Song

SONG, noun [Saxon song; Dutch zang; German sang, gesang; Swedish si?ng; Danish sang. See Sing.]

1. In general, that which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of the human voice or that of a bird.

2. A little poem to be sung, or uttered with musical modulations; a ballad. The songs of a country are characteristic of its manners. Every country has its love songs, its war songs, and its patriotic songs.

3. A hymn; a sacred poem or hymn to be sung either in joy or thanksgiving, as that sung by Moses and the Israelites after escaping the dangers of the Arabian gulf and of Pharaoh; or of lamentation, as that of David over the death of Saul and Jonathan. Songs of joy are represented as constituting a part of heavenly felicity.

4. A lay; a strain; a poem.

The bard that first adorn'd our native tongue,

Tun'd to his British lyre this ancient song.

Dryden.

5. Poetry; poesy; verse.

This subject for heroic song

Pleas'd me.

Milton.

6. Notes of birds. [See Def. 1.]

7. A mere trifle.

The soldier's pay is a song.

Silliman.

Old song, a trifle.

I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song.

More.

Songish

SONG'ISH, adjective Consisting of songs. [Low and not in use.]

Dryden.

Songster

SONG'STER, noun [song and Saxon steora, one that steers.]

1. One that sings; one skilled in singing; not often applied to human beings, or only in slight contempt.

Howell.

2. A bird that sings; as the little songster in his cage. [In this use, the word is elegant.]

Songstress

SONG'STRESS, noun A female singer.

Thomson.

Son-in-Law

SON-IN-LAW, noun A man married to one's daughter.

Sonnet

SON'NET, noun [French from Italian sonetta; Spanish soneta. See Sound.]

1. A short poem of fourteen lines, two stanzas of four verses each and two of three each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule.

Milton. Johnson. Busby.

2. A short poem.

I have a sonnet that will serve the turn.

Shak.

Sonnet

SON'NET, verb intransitive To compose sonnets.

Bp. Hall.

Sonneteer

SONNETEE'R, noun [French sonnetier.] A composer of sonnets or small poems; a small poet; usually in contempt.

Pope.

Sonometer

SONOM'ETER, noun [Latin sonus, sound, and Greek, to measure.]

An instrument for measuring sounds or the intervals of sounds.

Ed. Encyc.

Sonoriferous

SONORIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin sonus, sound, and fero, to bring.]

That gives sound; sounding; as the sonoriferous particles of bodies.

Derham.

Sonorific

SONORIF'IC, adjective [Latin sonus, sound, and facio, to make.]

Producing sound; as the sonorific quality of a body.

Watts.

Sonorous

SONO'ROUS, adjective [Latin sonorus, from sonus, sound.]

1. Giving sound when struck. Metals are sonorous bodies.

2. Loud sounding; giving a clear or loud sound; as a sonorous voice.

3. Yielding sound; as, the vowels are sonorous.

Dryden.

4. High sounding; magnificent of sound.

The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and familiarity of the thoughts, has something beautiful and sonorous in the expression.

Addison.

Sonorously

SONO'ROUSLY, adverb With sound; with a high sound.

Sonorousness

SONO'ROUSNESS, noun The quality of yielding sound when struck, or coming in collision with another body; as the sonorousness of metals.

2. Having or giving a loud or clear sound; as the sonorousness of a voice or an instrument.

3. Magnificence of sound.

Johnson.

Sonship

SONSHIP, noun [from son.] The state of being a son, or of having the relation of a son.

2. Filiation; the character of a son.

Johnson.

Soon

SOON, adverb [Saxon sona; Gothic suns.] In a short time; shortly after any time specified or supposed; as soon after sunrise; soon after dinner; I shall soon return; we shall soon have clear weather.

2. Early; without the usual delay; before any time supposed.

How is it that ye have come so soon to-day? Exodus 2.

3. Readily; willingly. But in this sense it accompanies would, or some other word expressing will.

I would as soon see a river winding among woods or in meadows, as when it is tossed up in so many whimsical figures at Versailles.

Addison.

As soon as, so soon as, immediately at or after another event. As soon as the mail arrives, I will inform you.

As soon as Moses came nigh to the camp, he saw the calf and the dancing. Exodus 32.

Soon

SOON, adjective Speedy; quick. [Not in use.]

Soonly

SOONLY, adverb Quickly; speedily. [Not in use.]

Sooshong

SOOSHONG', or SÃƒ-–UCHONG', noun A kind of black tea.

Soosoo

SOO'SOO, noun Among the Bengalese, the name of a cetaceous fish, the Delphinus Gangeticus.

Asiat. Res.

Soot

SOOT, noun [Saxon Swedish sot; Danish sod, sood; Irish suth; Welsh swta, soot, that which is volatile or sudden. But qu. for the word is from the Arabic to be black.]

A black substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel in the process of combustion, rising in fine particles and adhering to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke. Soot consists of oil, carbon and other substances. The soot of burnt pine forms lampblack.

Soot

SOOT, verb transitive To cover or foul with soot.

Sooted

SOOT'ED, participle passive Covered or soiled with soot.

Mortimer.

Sooterkin

SOOT'ERKIN, noun A kind of false birth fabled to be produced by the Dutch women from sitting over their stoves.

Swift.

Sooth

SOOTH, noun [Saxon soth; Irish seadh.] Truth; reality. Obs.

Shak.

2. Prognostication. Obs.

Spenser.

3. Sweetness; kindness. Obs.

Shak.

Sooth

SOOTH, adjective Pleasing; delightful. Obs.

Milton.

2. True; faithful. Obs.

Shak.

Soothe

SOOTHE, verb transitive [Saxon gesothian, to flatter. There seems to be a connection between this verb and the preceding sooth. The sense of setting, allaying or softening, would give that of truth, and of sweet, that is, smooth.]

1. To flatter; to please with blandishments or soft words.

Can I soothe tyranny?

Dryden.

I've tried the force of every reason on him,

Sooth'd and caress'd, been angry, sooth'd againÃ‚--

Addison.

2. To soften; to assuage; to mollify; to calm; as, to soothe one in pain or passion; or to soothe pain. It is applied both to persons and things.

3. To gratify; to please.

Sooth'd with his future fame.

Dryden.

Soothed

SOOTH'ED, participle passive Flattered; softened; calmed; pleased.

Soother

SOOTH'ER, noun A flatterer; he or that which softens or assuages.

Soothing

SOOTHING, participle of the present tense Flattering; softening; assuaging.

Soothingly

SOOTH'INGLY, adverb With flattery or soft words.

Soothly

SOOTH'LY, adverb In truth; really. Obs.

Hales.

Soothsay

SOOTH'SAY, verb intransitive [sooth and say.] To foretell; to predict. Acts 16. [Little used.]

Soothsayer

SOOTH'SAYER, noun A foreteller; a prognosticator; one who undertakes to foretell future events without inspiration.

Soothsaying

SOOTH'SAYING, noun The foretelling of future events by persons without divine aid or authority, and thus distinguished from prophecy.

2. A true saying; truth. Obs.

Chaucer.

Sootiness

SOOT'INESS, noun [from sooty.] The quality of being sooty or foul with soot; fuliginousness.

Sootish

SOOT'ISH, adjective Partaking of soot; like soot.

Brown.

Sooty

SOOT'Y, adjective [Saxon sotig.] Producing soot; as sooty coal.

Milton.

2. Consisting of soot; fuliginons; as sooty matter.

Wilkins.

3. Foul with soot.

4. Black like soot; dusky; dark; as the sooty flag of Acheron.

Milton.

Sooty

SOOT'Y, verb transitive To black or foul with soot. [Not authorized.]

Chapman.

Sop

SOP, noun [Dutch Saxon sop; German suppe, soup; Danish suppe; Swedish soppa; Spanish sopa; Italian zuppa; French soupe. See Class Sb. No. 2. 30. &c. Qu. soap.]

1. Any thing steeped or dipped and softened in liquor, but chiefly something thus dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten.

Sops in wine, quantity for quantity, inebriate more than wine itself.

Bacon.

2. Any thing given to pacify; so called from the sop given to Cerberus, in mythology. Hence the phrase, to give a sop to Cerberus.

Sop-in-wine, a kind of pink.

Spenser.

Sop

SOP, verb transitive To steep or dip in liquor.

Sope

SOPE. [See Soap.]

Soph

SOPH, noun [Latin sophista.] In colleges and universities, a student in his second year; a sophomore.

Sophi

SO'PHI, noun A title of the king of Persia.

Shak.

Sophical

SOPH'ICAL, adjective [Greek, wise; wisdom.]

Teaching wisdom. [Not in use.]

Harris.

Sophism

SOPH'ISM, noun [French sophisme; Latin sophisma; Greek.]

A specious but fallacious argument; a subtilty in reasoning; an argument that is not supported by sound reasoning, or in which the inference is not justly deduced from the premises.

When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one, then it is properly called a sophism or fallacy.

Watts.

Sophist

SOPH'IST, noun [Latin sophista; French sophiste; Italian sofista.]

1. A professor of philosophy; as the sophists of Greece.

Temple.

2. A captious or fallacious reasoner.

Sophister

SOPH'ISTER, noun [supra.] A disputant fallaciously subtil; an artful but insidious logician; as an atheistical sophister.

Not all the subtil objections of sophisters and rabbies against the gospel, so much prejudiced the reception of it, as the reproach of those crimes with which they aspersed the assemblies of Christians.

Rogers.

2. A professor of philosophy; a sophist. Obs.

Hooker.

Sophister

SOPH'ISTER, verb transitive To maintain by a fallacious argument. [Not in use.]

Cobham.

Sophistic

SOPHIST'IC, or SOPHIST'ICAL, adjective [French sophistique; Italian sofistico.] Fallaciously subtil; not sound; as sophistical reasoning or argument.

Sophistically

SOPHIST'ICALLY, adverb With fallacious subtilty.

Swift.

Sophisticate

SOPHIST'ICATE, verb transitive [French sophistiquer; Spanish sofisticar.]

1. To adulterate; to corrupt by something spurious or foreign; to pervert; as, to sophisticate nature, philosophy or the understanding.

Hooker. South.

2. To adulterate; to render spurious; as merchandise; as, to sophisticate wares or liquors.

They purchase but sophisticated ware.

Dryden.

Sophisticate

SOPHIST'ICATE, adjective Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.

So truth, when only one supplied the state,

Grew scarce and dear, and yet sophisticate.

Dryden.

Sophistication

SOPHISTICA'TION, noun The act of adulterating; a counterfeiting or debasing the purity of something by a foreign admixture; adulteration.

Boyle. Quincy.

Sophisticator

SOPHIST'ICATOR, noun One that adulterates; one who injures the purity and genuineness of any thing by foreign admixture.

Whitaker.

Sophistry

SOPH'ISTRY, noun Fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound in appearance only.

These men have obscured and confounded the nature of things by their false principles and wretched sophistry.

South.

2. Exercise in logic.

Felton.

Sophomore

SOPH'OMORE, noun [See Soph.] A student in a college or university, in his second year.

Sopite

SO'PITE, verb transitive To lay asleep. [Not in use.]

Cheyne.

Sopition

SOPI'TION, noun [Latin sopio, to lay asleep.] Sleep. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Soporate

SOP'ORATE, verb transitive [Latin soporo.] To lay asleep. [Not in use.]

Soporiferous

SOPORIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin soporifer; sopor, sleep, and fero, to bring; from sopio, to lull to sleep; Sanscrit swapa, sleep. Sopio agrees in elements with sober.]

Causing sleep, or tending to produce it; narcotic; opiate; anodyne; somniferous. The poppy possesses soporiferous qualities.

Soporiferousness

SOPORIF'EROUSNESS, noun The quality of causing sleep.

Soporific

SOPORIF'IC, adjective [Latin sopor, sleep, and facio, to make.]

Causing sleep; tending to cause sleep; narcotic; as the soporific virtues of opium.

Locke.

Soporific

SOPORIF'IC, noun A medicine, drug, plant or other thing that has the quality of inducing sleep.

Soporous

SO'POROUS, adjective [Latin soporus, from sopor, sleep.]

Causing sleep; sleepy.

Greenhill.

Sopped

SOP'PED, participle passive [from sop.] Dipped in liquid food.

Sopper

SOP'PER, noun [from sop.] One that sops or dips in liquor something to be eaten.

Johnson.

Sorb

SORB, noun [French sorbe; Italian sorba, sorbo; Latin sorbum, sorbus.] The service tree or its fruit.

Sorbate

SOR'BATE, noun A compound of sorbic acid with a base.

Ure.

Sorbent

SORB'ENT. [See Absorbent.]

Sorbic

SORB'IC, adjective Pertaining to the sorbus or service tree; as sorbic acid.

Sorbile

SORB'ILE, adjective [Latin sorbeo.] That may be drank or sipped. [Not in use.]

Sorbition

SORBI'TION, noun [Latin sorbitio.] The act of drinking or sipping. [Not in use.]

Sorbonical

SORBON'ICAL, adjective Belonging to a sorbonist.

Bale.

Sorbonist

SOR'BONIST, noun A doctor of the Sorbonne in the university of Paris. Sorbonne is the place of meeting, and hence is used for the whole faculty of theology.

Sorcerer

SOR'CERER, noun [French sorcier; Armoric sorca; supposed to be from Latin sors, lot. But see Class Sr. No. 24. Ethiopic] A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician.

The Egyptian sorcerers contended with Moses.

Watts.

Sorceress

SOR'CERESS, noun A female magician or enchantress.

Milton. Shak.

Sorcerous

SOR'CEROUS, adjective Containing enchantments.

Chapman.

Sorcery

SOR'CERY, noun Magic; enchantment; witchcraft; divination by the assistance or supposed assistance of evil spirits, or the power of commanding evil spirits.

Encyc.

Adder's wisdom I have learn'd,

To fence my ears against thy sorceries.

Milton.

Sord

SORD, for sward, is now vulgar. [See Sward.]

Sordawalite

SORD'AWALITE, noun A mineral so named from Sordawald, in Wibourg. It is nearly black, rarely gray or green.

Phillips.

Sordes

SOR'DES, noun [Latin] Foul matter; excretions; dregs; filthy, useless or rejected matter of any kind.

Coxe. Woodward.

Sordet

SOR'DET, or SOR'DINE, noun [French sourdine; Italian sourdina; from French sourd, Latin surdus, deaf.]

A little pipe in the mouth of a trumpet to make it sound lower or shriller.

Bailey.

Sordid

SOR'DID, adjective [French sordide; Italian sordido; Latin sordidus, from sordes, filth.] Filthy; foul; dirty; gross.

There Charon stands

A sordid god.

Dryden.

[This literal sense is nearly obsolete.]

2. Vile; base; mean; as vulgar, sordid mortals.

Cowley.

3. Meanly avaricious; covetous; niggardly.

He may be old

And yet not sordid, who refuses gold.

Denham.

Sordidly

SOR'DIDLY, adverb Meanly; basely; covetously.

Sordidness

SOR'DIDNESS, noun Filthiness; dirtiness.

Ray.

2. Meanness; baseness; as the execrable sordidness of the delights of Tiberius.

Cowley.

3. Niggardliness.

Sore

SORE, noun [Danish saar, a sore, a wound or an ulcer; Dutch zweer; German geschwÃƒ-¼r; Swedish sÃƒ-¥r. See the next word.]

1. A place in an animal body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so as to be pained with the slightest pressure.

2. An ulcer; a boil.

3. In Scripture, grief; affliction. 2 Chronicles 6.

Sore

SORE, adjective [Saxon sar, pain, also grievous, painful: Dutch zeer; German sehr; also Saxon swoer, swar or swer, heavy, grievous; Danish svoer; German schwer; Dutch zwaar. This seems to be radically the same word as the former. See Sorrow.]

1. Tender and susceptible of pain from pressure; as, a boil, ulcer or abscess is very sore; a wounded place is sore; inflammation renders a part sore.

2. Tender, as the mind; easily pained, grieved or vexed; very susceptible of irritation from any thing that crosses the inclination.

Malice and hatred are very fretting, and apt to make our minds sore and uneasy.

Tillotson.

3. Affected with inflammation; as sore eyes.

4. Violent with pain; severe; afflictive; distressing; as a sore disease; sore evil or calamity; a sore night.

Com. Prayer. Shak.

5. Severe; violent; as a sore conflict.

6. Criminal; evil. Obs.

Shak.

Sore

SORE, adverb With painful violence; intensely; severely; grievously.

Thy hand presseth me sore.

Com. Prayer.

2. Greatly; violently; deeply. He was sorely afflicted at the loss of his son.

Sore sigh'd the knight, who this long sermon heard.

Dryden.

Sore

SORE, verb transitive To wound; to make sore. Obs.

Spenser.

Sore

SORE, noun [French sor-falcon. Todd.] A hawk of the first year.

Spenser.

2. [French saur.] A buck of the fourth year.

Shak.

Sorehon

SOREHON, or SORN, noun [Irish and Scottish.] A kind of servile tenure which subjected the tenant to maintain his chieftain gratuitously, whenever he wished to indulge himself in a debauch. So that when a person obtrudes himself on another for bed and board, he is said to sorn, or be a sorner.

Spenser. Macbean.

Sorel

SOR'EL, noun [dim. of sore.] A buck of the third year.

Shak.

Sorely

SO'RELY, adverb [from sore.] With violent pain and distress; grievously; greatly; as, to be sorely pained or afflicted.

2. Greatly; violently; severely; as, to be sorely pressed with want; to be sorely wounded.

Soreness

SO'RENESS, noun [from sore.] The tenderness of any part of an animal body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from pressure; as the soreness of a boil, an abscess or wound.

2. Figuratively, tenderness of mind, or susceptibility of mental pain.

Sorgo

SOR'GO, noun A plant of the genus Holcus.

Sorites

SORI'TES, noun [Latin from Greek, a heap.]

In logic, an argument where one proposition is accumulated on another. Thus,

All men of revenge have their souls often uneasy.

Uneasy souls are a plague to themselves.

Now to be one's own plague is folly in the extreme.

Watts.

Sororicide

SOROR'ICIDE, noun [Latin soror, sister, and coedo, to strike, to kill.]

The murder or murderer of a sister. [Little used, and obviously because the crime is very infrequent.]

Sorrage

SOR'RAGE, noun The blades of green wheat or barley. [Not used.]

Dict.

Sorrance

SOR'RANCE, noun In farriery, any disease or sore in horses.

Sorrel

SOR'REL, adjective [French saure, yellowish brown; saurer, to dry in the smoke; Italian sauro.]

Of a reddish color; as a sorrel horse.

Sorrel

SOR'REL, noun A reddish color; a faint red.

Sorrel

SOR'REL, noun [Saxon sur, sour; Danish syre, sorrel; Welsh suran.]

A plant of the genus Rumex, so named from its acid taste. The wood sorrel is of the genus Oxalis. The Indian red and Indian white sorrels are of the genus Hibiscus.

Sorrel-Tree

SOR'REL-TREE, noun A species of Andromeda.

Sorrily

SOR'RILY, adverb [from sorry.] Meanly; despicably; pitiably; in a wretched manner.

Thy pipe, O Pan, shall help, though I sing sorrily.

Sidney.

Sorriness

SOR'RINESS, noun Meanness; poorness; despicableness.

Sorrow

SOR'ROW, noun [Saxon sorg; Gothic saurga; Swedish Danish sorg, care, solicitude, sorrow; Dutch zorg; German sorge, care, concern, uneasiness; from the same root as sore, heavy.]

The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss of any good, real or supposed, or by disappointment in the expectation of good; grief; regret. The loss of a friend we love occasions sorrow; the loss of property, of health or any source of happiness, causes sorrow. We feel sorrow for ourselves in misfortunes; we feel sorrow for the calamities of our friends and our country.

A world of woe and sorrow.

Milton.

The safe and general antidote against sorrow is employment.

Rambler.

Sorrow

SOR'ROW, verb intransitive [Saxon sarian, sargian, sorgian, Gothic saurgan, to be anxious, to sorrow.]

To feel pain of mind in consequence of the actual loss of good, or of frustrated hopes of good, or of expected loss of happiness; to grieve; to be sad.

I rejoice not that ye were made sorry, but that ye sorrowed to repentance. 1 Corinthians 7.

I desire no man to sorrow for me.

Hayward.

Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spoke, that they should see his face no more. Acts 20.

Sorrowed

SOR'ROWED, participle passive Accompanied with sorrow. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sorrowful

SOR'ROWFUL, adjective Sad; grieving for the loss of some good, or on account of some expected evil.

2. Deeply serious; depressed; dejected. 1 Samuel 1.

3. Producing sorrow; exciting grief; mournful; as a sorrowful accident.

4. Expressing grief; accompanied with grief; as sorrowful meat. Job 6.

Sorrowfully

SOR'ROWFULLY, adverb In a sorrowful manner; in a manner to produce grief.

Sorrowfulness

SOR'ROWFULNESS, noun State of being sorrowful; grief.

Sorrowing

SOR'ROWING, participle of the present tense Feeling sorrow, grief or regret.

Sorrowing

SOR'ROWING, noun Expression of sorrow.

Browne.

Sorrowless

SOR'ROWLESS, adjective Free from sorrow.

Sorry

SOR'RY, adjective [Saxon sarig, sari, from sar, sore.]

1. Grieved for the loss of some good; pained for some evil that has happened to one's self or friends or country. It does not ordinarily imply severe grief, but rather slight or transient regret. It may be however, and often is used to express deep grief. We are sorry to lose the company of those we love; we are sorry to lose friends or property; we are sorry for the misfortunes of our friends or of our country.

And the king was sorry. Matthew 14.

2. Melancholy; dismal.

Spenser.

3. Poor; mean; vile; worthless; as a sorry slave; a sorry excuse.

L'Estrange. Dryden.

Coarse complexions,

And cheeks of sorry grainÃ‚--

Milton.

Sort

SORT, noun [French sorte; Italian sorta; Spanish suerte; Portugese sorte; German id.; Dutch soort; Swedish Danish sort; Latin sors, lot, chance, state, way, sort. This word is from the root of French sortir,

Italian sortire, Latin sortior; the radical sense of which is to start or shoot, to throw or to fall, to come suddenly. Hence sors is lot, chance, that which comes or falls. The sense of sort is probably derivative, signifying that which is thrown out, separated or selected.]

1. A kind or species; any number or collection of individual persons or things characterized by the same or like qualities; as a sort of men; a sort of horses; a sort of trees; a sort of poems or writings. Sort is not a technical word, and therefore is used with less precision or more latitude than genus or species in the sciences.

2. Manner; form of being or acting.

Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt nor seen well by those that wear them.

Hooker.

To Adam in what sort shall I appear?

Milton.

3. Class or order; as men of the wiser sort, or the better sort; all sorts of people. [See Def. 1.]

4. Rank; condition above the vulgar. [Not in use.]

Shak.

5. A company or knot of people. [Not in use.]

Shak. Waller.

6. Degree of any quality.

I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some sort I have copied his style.

Dryden.

7. Lot. Obs.

Shak.

8. A pair; a set; a suit.

Sort

SORT, verb transitive To separate, as things having like qualities from other things, and place them in distinct classes or divisions; as, to sort cloths according to their colors; to sort wool or thread according to its fineness.

Shell fish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and sorted with insects.

Bacon.

Rays which differ in refrangibility, may be parted and sorted from one another.

Newton.

2. To reduce to order from a state of confusion. [See supra.]

3. To conjoin; to put together in distribution.

The swain perceiving by her words ill sorted,

That she was wholly from herself transportedÃ‚--

Brown.

4. To cull; to choose from a number; to select.

That he may sort her out a worthy spouse.

Chapman.

Sort

SORT, verb intransitive To be joined with others of the same species.

Nor do metals only sort with metals in the earth, and minerals with minerals.

Woodward.

2. To consort; to associate.

The illiberality of parents towards children, makes them base and sort with any company.

Bacon.

3. To suit; to fit.

They are happy whose natures sort with their vocations.

Bacon.

4. To terminate; to issue; to have success. [French sortir.] [Not in use.]

Bacon.

5. To fall out. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sortable

SORT'ABLE, adjective That may be sorted.

2. Suitable; befitting.

Bacon.

Sortably

SORT'ABLY, adverb Suitably; fitly.

Sortal

SORT'AL, adjective Pertaining to or designating a sort. [Not in use.]

Locke.

Sortance

SORT'ANCE, noun Suitableness; agreement. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sortilege

SORT'ILEGE, noun [French from Latin sortilegium; sors, lot, and lego, to select.]

The act or practice of drawing lots. [Sortilegy is not used.]

J. M. Mason.

Sortilegious

SORTILE'GIOUS, adjective Pertaining to sortilege.

Daubuz.

Sortition

SORTI'TION, noun [Latin sortitio.] Selection or appointment by lot.

Bp. Hall.

Sortment

SORT'MENT, noun The act of sorting; distribution into classes or kinds.

2. A parcel sorted. [This word is superseded by assortment, which see.]

Sory

SO'RY, noun A fossil substance, firm, but of a spungy, cavernous structure, rugged on the surface, and containing blue vitriol; a sulphate of iron.

Dict.

Soss

SOSS, verb intransitive [This word is probably connected with the Armoric souez, surprise, the primary sense of which is to fall. See Souse.]

To fall at once into a chair or seat; to sit lazily. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Soss

SOSS, noun A lazy fellow. [Not in use; but some of the common people in New England call a lazy sluttish woman, a sozzle.]

Sot

SOT, noun [French sot; Armoric sodt; Spanish zote, zota; Portugese zote; Dutch zot. The sense is stupid; Chaldee. Class Sd. No. 61.]

1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt.

Shak. South.

2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual drunkard.

What can ennoble sots?

Pope.

Sot

SOT, verb transitive To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot.

I hate to see a brave bold fellow sotted.

Dryden.

[Not much used.] [See Besot.]

Sot

SOT, verb intransitive To tipple to stupidity. [Little used.]

Sottish

SOT'TISH, adjective Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; very foolish.

How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology!

Swift.

2. Dull with intemperance.

Sottishly

SOT'TISHLY, adverb Stupidly; senselessly; without reason.

Bentley.

Sottishness

SOT'TISHNESS, noun Dullness in the exercise of reason; stupidity.

Few consider into what a degree of sottishness and confirmed ignorance men may sin themselves.

South.

2. Stupidity from intoxication.

South.

Sou

SOU, noun plu. sous. [French sou, sol.] A French money of account, and a copper coin, in value the 20th part of a livre or of a franc.

Sough

SOUGH, n. suf. [Qu. the root of suck, to draw.]

A subterraneous drain; a sewer. [Not in use or local.]

Ray.

Sought

SOUGHT, pret. and participle passive of seek. pron. sawt.

I am found of them who sought me not. Isaiah 65.

Soul

SOUL, noun [Saxon sawel, sawl or saul; German seele; Dutch ziel; Danish siel; Swedish si?l.]

1. The spiritual, rational and immortal substance in man, which distinguishes him from brutes; that part of man which enables him to think and reason, and which renders him a subject of moral government. The immortality of the soul is a fundamental article of the christian system.

Such is the nature of the human soul that it must have a God, an object of supreme affection.

Edwards.

2. The understanding; the intellectual principle.

The eyes of our souls then only begin to see, when our bodily eyes are closing.

Law.

3. Vital principle.

Thou sun, of this great world both eye and soul.

Milton.

4. Spirit; essence; chief part; as charity, the soul of all the virtues.

Emotion is the soul of eloquence.

E. Porter.

6. Life; animating principle or part; as, an able commander is the soul of an army.

7. Internal power.

There is some soul of goodness in things evil.

Shak.

8. A human being; a person. There was not a soul present. In Paris there are more than seven hundred thousand souls. London, Westminster, Southwark and the suburbs, are said to contain twelve hundred thousand souls.

9. Animal life.

To deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in famine. Psalm 33, 7.

10. Active power.

And heaven would fly before the driving soul.

Dryden.

11. Spirit; courage; fire; grandeur of mind.

That he wants caution he must needs confess,

But not a soul to give our arms success.

Young.

12. Generosity; nobleness of mind; a colloquial use.

13. An intelligent being.

Every soul in heav'n shall bend the knee.

Milton.

14. Heart; affection.

The soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David. 1 Samuel 18.

15. In Scripture, appetite; as the full soul; the hungry soul. Proverbs 27. Job 33.

16. A familiar compellation of a person, but often expressing some qualities of the mind; as alas, poor soul; he was a good soul.

Soul

SOUL, verb transitive To endue with a soul. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Soul

SOUL, or SOWL, verb intransitive [Saxon sufl, sufel, broth, pottage.] To afford suitable sustenance. [Not in use.]

Warner.

Soul-Bell

SOUL-BELL, noun The passing bell.

Hall.

Soul-Destroying

SOUL-DESTROY'ING, adjective Pernicious to the soul. Procrastination of repentance and faith is a soul-destroying evil.

Soul-Diseased

SOUL-DISE'ASED, adjective Diseased in soul or mind. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Souled

SOULED, adjective Furnished with a soul or mind; as Grecian chiefs largely souled. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Soulless

SOUL'LESS, adjective Without a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of mind; mean; spiritless.

Slave, soulless villain.

Shak.

Soul-Scot

SOUL-SCOT, or SOUL-SHOT, noun [soul and scot.] A funeral duty, or money paid by the Romanists in former times for a requiem for the soul.

Ayliffe.

Soul-Selling

SOUL-SELLING, adjective [soul and sell.] Selling persons; dealing in the purchase and sale of human beings.

J. Barlow.

Soul-Sick

SOUL-SICK, adjective [soul and sick.] Diseased in mind or soul; morally diseased.

Hall.

Sound

SOUND, adjective [Saxon sund; Dutch gezond; German gesund; Danish Swedish sund; Basque, sendoa; Latin sanus; French sain; Spanish Italian sano; Chaldee Syriac

. Class Sn. No. 18. 24. 35. It is from driving, or straining, stretching.]

1. Entire; unbroken; not shaky, split or defective; as sound timber.

2. Undecayed; whole; perfect, or not defective; as sound fruit; a sound apple or melon.

3. Unbroken; not bruised or defective; not lacerated or decayed; as a sound limb.

4. Not carious; not decaying; as a sound tooth.

5. Not broken or decayed; not defective; as a sound ship.

6. Whole; entire; unhurt; unmutilated; as a sound body.

7. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; having all the organs complete and in perfect action; as a sound body; sound health; a sound constitution; a sound man; a sound horse.

8. Founded in truth; firm; strong; valid; solid; that cannot be overthrown or refuted; as sound reasoning; a sound argument; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound principles.

9. Right; correct; well founded; free from error; orthodox. 2 Timothy 1.

Let my heart be sound in thy statutes. Psalm 119.

10. Heavy; laid on with force; as sound strokes; a sound beating.

11. Founded in right and law; legal; valid; not defective; that cannot be overthrown; as a sound title to land; sound justice.

12. Fast; profound; unbroken; undisturbed; as sound sleep.

13. Perfect, as intellect; not broken or defective; not enfeebled by age or accident; not wild or wandering; not deranged; as a sound mind; a sound understanding or reason.

Sound

SOUND, adverb Soundly; heartily.

So sound he slept that nought might him awake.

Spenser.

Sound

SOUND, noun The air bladder of a fish.

Sound

SOUND, noun [Saxon sund, a narrow sea or strait, a swimming; Swedish Danish sund; Pers. shana, a swimming, Latin natatio. Qu. can this name be given to a narrow sea because wild beasts were accustomed to pass it by swimming, like Bosporus; or is the word from the root of sound, whole, denoting a stretch, or narrowness, from stretching, like straight?]

A narrow passage of water, or a strait between the main land and an isle; or a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean; as the sound which connects the Baltic with the ocean, between Denmark and Sweden; the sound that separates Long Island from the main land of New York and Connecticut.

Sound

SOUND, noun [French sonde; Spanish sonda. See the following verb.]

An instrument which surgeons introduce into the bladder, in order to discover whether there is a stone in that viscus or not.

Cooper. Sharp.

Sound

SOUND, verb transitive [Spanish sondar or sondear; French sonder. This word is probably connected with the Latin sonus, sound, the primary sense of which is to stretch or reach.]

1. To try, as the depth of water and the quality of the ground, by sinking a plummet or lead, attached to a line on which are marked the number of fathoms. The lower end of the lead is covered with tallow, by means of which some portion of the earth, sand, gravel, shells, &c. of the bottom, adhere to it and are drawn up. By these means, and the depth of water and the nature of the bottom, which are carefully marked on good charts, seamen may know how far a ship is from land in the night or in thick weather, and in many cases when the land is too remote to be visible.

2. To introduce a sound into the bladder of a patient, in order to ascertain whether a stone is there or not.

When a patient is to be soundedÃ‚--

Cooper.

3. To try; to examine; to discover or endeavor to discover that which lies concealed in another's breast; to search out the intention, opinion, will or desires.

I was in jest,

And by that offer meant to sound your breast.

Dryden.

I've sounded my Numidians man by man.

Addison.

Sound

SOUND, verb intransitive To use the line and lead in searching the depth of water.

The shipmen sounded, and found it twenty fathoms. Acts 27.

Sound

SOUND, noun The cuttle fish.

Ainsworth.

Sound

SOUND, noun [Saxon son; Welsh swn; Irish soin; French son; Italian suono; Spanish son; Latin sonus, from sono, to sound, sing, rattle, beat, &c. This may be a dialectical variation of Latin tonus, tono, which seems to be allied to Greek, to stretch or strain, Latin teneo.]

1. Noise; report; the object of hearing; that which strikes the ear; or more philosophically, an impression or the effect of an impression made on the organs of hearing by an impulse or vibration of the air, caused by a collision of bodies or by other means; as the sound of a trumpet or drum; the sound of the human voice; a horrid sound; a charming sound; a sharp sound; a high sound.

2. A vibration of air caused by a collision of bodies or other means, sufficient to affect the auditory nerves when perfect. Some persons are so entirely deaf that they cannot hear the loudest sounds. Audible sounds are such as are perceptible by the organs of hearing. Sounds not audible to men, may be audible to animals of more sensible organs.

3. Noise without signification; empty noise; noise and nothing else.

It is the sense and not the sound, that must be the principle.

Locke.

Sound

SOUND, verb intransitive To make a noise; to utter a voice; to make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of hearing with a particular effect. We say, an instrument sounds well or ill; it sounds shrill; the voice sounds harsh.

And first taught speaking trumpets how to sound.

Dryden.

2. To exhibit by sound or likeness of sound. This relation sounds rather like a fiction than a truth.

3. To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published.

From you sounded out the word of the Lord. 1 Thessalonians 1.

To sound in damages, in law, is when there is no specific value of property in demand to serve as a rule of damages, as in actions of tort or trespass, as distinguished from actions of debt, &c.

Ellsworth.

Sound

SOUND, verb transitive To cause to make a noise; as, to sound a trumpet or a horn.

2. To utter audibly; as, to sound a note with the voice.

3. To play on; as, to sound an instrument.

4. To order or direct by a sound; to give a signal for, by a certain sound; as, to sound a retreat.

5. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported; as, to sound one's praise.

6. To spread by sound or report; to publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises or fame of a great man or a great exploit. We sometimes say, to sound abroad.

Sound-Board

SOUND'-BOARD, or SOUND'ING-BOARD, noun A board which propagates the sound in an organ.

To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes.

Milton.

Sounded

SOUND'ED, participle passive Caused to make a noise; uttered audibly.

2. Explored; examined.

Sounding

SOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Causing to sound; uttering audibly.

2. Trying the depth of water by the plummet; examining the intention or will.

3. adjective Sonorous; making a noise.

4. Having a magnificent sound; as words more sounding or significant.

Dryden.

Sounding

SOUND'ING, noun The act of uttering noise; the act of endeavoring to discover the opinion or desires; the act of throwing the lead.

2. In surgery, the operation of introducing the sound into the bladder; called searching for the stone.

Cooper.

Sounding-Board

SOUND'ING-BOARD, noun A board or structure with a flat surface, suspended over a pulpit to prevent the sound of the preacher's voice from ascending, and thus propagating it farther in a horizontal direction. [Used in American churches.]

Sounding-Rod

SOUND'ING-ROD, noun A rod or piece of iron used to ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold. It is let down in a groove by a pump.

Mar. Dict.

Soundings

SOUND'INGS, noun Any place or part of the ocean, where a deep sounding line will reach the bottom; also, the kind of ground or bottom where the lead reaches.

Soundless

SOUND'LESS, adjective That cannot be fathomed; having no sound.

Soundly

SOUND'LY, adverb [from sound, entire.]

1. Healthily; heartily.

2. Severely; lustily; with heavy blows; smartly; as, to beat one soundly.

3. Truly; without fallacy or error; as, to judge or reason soundly.

4. Firmly; as a doctrine soundly settled.

Bacon.

5. Fast; closely; so as not to be easily awakened; as, to sleep soundly.

Locke.

Soundness

SOUND'NESS, noun Wholeness; entireness; an unbroken, unimpaired or undecayed state; as the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, of a limb, &c. [See Sound.]

2. An unimpaired state of an animal or vegetable body; a state in which the organs are entire and regularly perform their functions. We say, the soundness of the body, the soundness of the constitution, the soundness of health.

3. Firmness; strength; solidity; truth; as soundness of reasoning or argument, of doctrine or principles.

4. Truth; rectitude; firmness; freedom from error or fallacy; orthodoxy; as soundness of faith.

Soup

SOUP, noun [French soupe; Italian zuppa, sop; Spanish sopa, sop or soup; German suppe; Dutch soep; Icelandic saup. See Sup and Sop.] Broth; a decoction of flesh for food.

Soup

SOUP, verb transitive To sup; to breathe out. [Not in use.

Wickliffe.

Soup

SOUP, verb transitive To sweep. [Not in use.] [See Sweep and Swoop.]

Hall.

Sour

SOUR, adjective [Saxon sur, surig; German sauer; Dutch zuur; Swedish sur; Danish suur; Welsh sÃƒ-»r; Armoric sur; French sur, sure; Hebrew to depart, to decline, to turn, as liquors, to become sour. See Class Sr. No. 16. and No. 11.]

1. Acid; having a pungent taste; sharp to the taste; tart; as, vinegar is sour; sour cider; sour beer.

2. Acid and austere or astringent; as, sunripe fruits are often sour.

3. Harsh of temper; crabbed; peevish; austere; morose; as a man of a sour temper.

4. Afflictive; as sour adversities. [Not in use.]

Shak.

5. Expressing discontent or peevishness. He never uttered a sour word.

The lord treasurer often looked on me with a sour contenance.

Swift.

6. Harsh to the feelings; cold and damp; as sour weather.

7. Rancid; musty.

8. Turned, as milk; coagulated.

Sour

SOUR, noun An acid substance.

Spenser.

Sour

SOUR, verb transitive To make acid; to cause to have a sharp taste.

So the sun's heat, with different pow'rs,

Ripens the grape, the liquor sours.

Swift.

2. To make harsh, cold or unkindly.

Tufts of grass sour land.

Mortimer.

3. To make harsh in temper; to make cross, crabbed, peevish or discontented. Misfortunes often sour the temper.

Pride had not sour'd, nor wrath debas'd my heart.

Harte.

4. To make uneasy or less agreeable.

Hail, great king!

To sour your happiness I must report

The queen is dead.

Shak.

5. In rural economy, to macerate, as lime, and render fit for plaster or mortar.

Encyc.

Sour

SOUR, verb intransitive To become acid; to acquire the quality of tartness or pungency to the taste. Cider sours rapidly in the rays of the sun. When food sours in the stomach, it is evidence of imperfect digestion.

2. To become peevish or crabbed.

They hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity.

Addison.

Source

SOURCE, noun [French source; Armoric sourcenn; either from sourdre or sortir, or the Latin surgo. The Italian sorgente is from surgo.]

1. Properly, the spring or fountain from which a stream of water proceeds, or any collection of water within the earth or upon its surface, in which a stream originates. This is called also the head of the stream. We call the water of a spring, where it issues from the earth, the source of the stream or rivulet proceeding from it. We say also that springs have their

sources in subterranean ponds, lakes or collections of water. We say also that a large river has its source in a lake. For example, the St. Lawrence has its source in the great lakes of America.

2. First cause; original; that which gives rise to any thing. Thus ambition, the love of power and of fame, have been the sources of half the calamities of nations. Intemperance is the source of innumerable evils to individuals.

3. The first producer; he or that which originates; as Greece the source of arts.

Waller.

Sourdet

SOURDET, noun [French sourdine, from sourd, deaf.] The little pipe of a trumpet.

Sour-Dock

SOUR'-DOCK, noun Sorrel, so called.

Soured

SOUR'ED, participle passive Made sour; made peevish.

Sour-Gourd

SOUR'-GOURD, noun A plant of the genus Adansonia.

Souring

SOUR'ING, participle of the present tense Making acid; becoming sour; making peevish.

Souring

SOUR'ING, noun That which makes acid.

Sourish

SOUR'ISH, adjective Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as sourish fruit; a sourish taste.

Sourly

SOUR'LY, adverb With acidity.

2. With peevishness; with acrimony.

The stern Athenian prince

Then sourly smil'd.

Dryden.

3. Discontentedly.

Brown.

Sourness

SOUR'NESS, noun Acidity; sharpness to the taste; tartness; as the sourness of vinegar or of fruit.

Sourness being one of those simple ideas which one cannot describe.

Arbuthnot.

2. Asperity; harshness of temper.

Take care that no sourness and moroseness mingle with our seriousness of mind.

Nelson.

Sour-Sop

SOUR'-SOP, noun A plant, the annona muricata.

Lee.

The custard apple.

Miller.

Sous

SOUS, n. plu. of sou or sol. [See Sou.]

Souse

SOUSE, noun [Irish sousgeach, watery.] Pickle made with salt.

2. Something kept or steeped in pickle.

3. The ears, feet, &c. of swine. [America.]

Souse

SOUSE, verb transitive To steep in pickle.

But souse the cabbage with a bounteous heart.

Pope.

2. To plunge into water.

They soused me into the Thames, with as little remorse as they drown blind puppies.

Shak.

Souse

SOUSE, verb intransitive [See Soss. This word is probably the same as the preceding, to plunge, to dip; I believe from the Armoric.]

To fall suddenly on; to rush with speed; as a hawk on its prey.

Jove's bird will souse upon the tim'rous hare.

Dryden.

Souse

SOUSE, verb transitive To strike with sudden violence.

Shak.

Souse

SOUSE, adverb With sudden violence. [This word is low and vulgar.]

Souter

SOUTER, noun [Saxon sutere; Latin sutor.] A shoemaker; a cobler. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Souterly

SOUTERLY, adverb Like a cobler. [Not in use.]

Souterrain

SOUTERRAIN, noun [French; that is, sub-terrain, under ground.] A grotto or cavern under ground. [Not English.]

Arbuthnot.

South

SOUTH, noun [Saxon suth; German sud; Dutch zuid; Danish sud; Swedish s?der; French sud; Armoric su.]

1. The north and south are opposite points in the horizon; each ninety degrees or the quarter of a great circle distant from the east and west. A man standing with his face towards the east or rising sun, has the south on his right hand. The meridian of every place is a great circle passing through the north and south points. Strictly, south is the horizontal point in the meridian of a place, on the right hand of a person standing with his face towards the east. But the word is applied to any point in the meridian, between the horizon and the zenith.

2. In a less exact sense, any point or place on the earth or in the heavens, which is near the meridian towards the right hand as one faces the east.

3. A southern region, country or place; as the queen of the south, in Scripture. So in Europe, the people of Spain and Italy are spoken of as living in the south. In the United States, we speak of the states of the south, and of the north.

4. The wind that blows from the south. [Not used.]

Shak.

South

SOUTH, adjective In any place north of the tropic of Cancer, pertaining to or lying in the meridian towards the sun; as a south wind.

2. Being in a southern direction; as the south sea.

South

SOUTH, adverb Towards the south. A ship sails south; the wind blows south.

Southeast

SOUTHE'AST, noun The point of the compass equally distant from the south and east.

Bacon.

Southeast

SOUTHE'AST, adjective In the direction of southeast, or coming from the southeast; as a southeast wind.

Southeastern

SOUTHE'ASTERN, adjective Towards the southeast.

Southerly

SOUTHERLY, a. suth'erly. Lying at the south, or in a direction nearly south; as a southerly point.

2. Coming from the south or a point nearly south; as a southerly wind.

Southern

SOUTHERN, a. suth'ern. [Saxon suth and ern, place.]

1. Belonging to the south; meridional; as the southern hemisphere.

2. Lying towards the south; as a southern country or climate.

3. Coming from the south; as a southern breeze.

Southernly

SOUTHERNLY, adv. suth'ernly. Towards the south.

Hakewill.

Southernmost

SOUTHERNMOST, a. suth'ernmost. Furthest towards the south.

Southernwood

SOUTHERNWOOD, n. suth'ernwood. A plant agreeing in most parts with the wormwood.

Miller.

The southernwood is the Artemisia abrotanum, a different species from the wormwood.

Southing

SOUTH'ING, adjective Going towards the south; as the southing sun.

Dryden.

Southing

SOUTH'ING, noun Tendency or motion to the south.

Dryden.

2. The southing of the moon, the time at which the moon passes the meridian.

Mar. Dict.

3. Course or distance south; as a ship's southing.

Southmost

SOUTH'MOST, adjective Furthest towards the south.

Milton.

Southsay

SOUTHSAY, or SOUTHSAYER. [See Soothsay.]

Southward

SOUTHWARD, adv. suth'ard. Towards the south; as, to go southward.

Locke.

Southward

SOUTHWARD, n. suth'ard. The southern regions or countries.

Raleigh.

Southwest

SOUTHWEST', noun [south and west.] The point of the compass equally distant from the south and west.

Bacon.

Southwest

SOUTHWEST', adjective Lying in the direction of the southwest; as a southwest country.

2. Coming from the southwest; as a southwest wind.

Southwesterly

SOUTHWEST'ERLY, adjective In the direction of southwest, or nearly so.

2. Coming from the southwest, or a point near it; as a southwesterly wind.

Southwestern

SOUTHWEST'ERN, adjective In the direction of southwest, or nearly so; as, to sail a southwestern course.

Souvenance

SOUVENANCE, noun [French] Remembrance. [Not English, nor is it used.]

Spenser.

Souvenir

SOUVENIR, noun [French] A remembrancer.

Sovereign

SOVEREIGN, a. suv'eran. [We retain this barbarous orthography from the Norman souvereign. The true spelling would be suveran, from the Latin supernus, superus; French souverain; Italian sovrano; Spanish Portugese soberano.]

1. Supreme in power; possessing supreme dominion; as a sovereign prince. God is the sovereign ruler of the universe.

2. Supreme; superior to all others; chief. God is the sovereign good of all who love and obey him.

3. Supremely efficacious; superior to all others; predominant; effectual; as a sovereign remedy.

4. Supreme; pertaining to the first magistrate of a nation; as sovereign authority.

Sovereign

SOVEREIGN, n. suv'eran. A supreme lord or ruler; one who possesses the highest authority without control. Some earthly princes, kings and emperors are sovereigns in their dominions.

2. A supreme magistrate; a king.

3. A gold coin of England, value 20s. or $4.44.

Sovereignize

SOVEREIGNIZE, v. i. suv'eranize. To exercise supreme authority. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Sovereignly

SOVEREIGNLY, adv. suv'eranly. Supremely; in the highest degree.

He was sovereignly lovely in himself. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Sovereignty

SOVEREIGNTY, n. suv'eranty. Supreme power; supremacy; the possession of the highest power, or of uncontrollable power. Absolute sovereignty belongs to God only.

Sow

SOW, noun [Saxon suga; Swedish sugga; Dutch zeug; German sau.]

1. The female of the hog kind or of swine.

2. An oblong piece of lead.

Ainsworth.

3. An insect; a milleped.

Ainsworth.

Sow-Bread

SOW'-BREAD, noun A plant of the genus Cyclamen.

Sow-Bug

SOW'-BUG, noun An insect; a milleped.

Sow-Thistle

SOW'-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Sonchus. The downy sow-thistle is of the genus Andryala.

Sow

SOW, verb transitive pret. sowed; pp. sowed or sown. [Saxon sawan; German sÃƒ-¤en; Dutch zaajen; Swedish sÃƒ-¥; Danish saaer; Russian siyu; perhaps Latin sevi. This word is probably contracted.]

1. To scatter on ground, for the purpose of growth and the production of a crop; as, to sow good seed; to sow a bushel of wheat or rye to the acre; to sow oats, clover or barley; to sow seed in drills, or to sow it broad cast. Oats and flax should be sown early in the spring.

2. To scatter seed over for growth; as, to sow ground or land; to sow ten or a hundred acres in a year.

3. To spread or to originate; to propagate; as, to sow discord.

Born to afflict my Marcia's family,

And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers.

Addison.

4. To supply or stock with seed.

The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, and it is the worst husbandry in the world to sow it with trifles.

Hale.

5. To scatter over; to besprinkle.

He sow'd with stars the heaven.

Milton.

Morn now sow'd the earth with orient pearl.

Milton.

Sow

SOW, verb intransitive To scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop. In New England, farmers begin to sow in April.

They that sow in tears, shall reap in joy. Psalm 126.

Sow

SOW, for sew, is not in use. [See Sew.]

Sowce

SOWCE, for souse. [See Souse.]

Sowed

SOWED, participle passive Scattered on ground. We say, seed is sowed; or land is sowed.

Sower

SOWER, noun He that scatters seed for propagation.

Behold, a sower went forth to sow. Matthew 13.

2. One who scatters or spreads; as a sower of words.

Hakewill.

3. A breeder; a promoter; as a sower of suits.

Bacon.

Sowing

SOWING, participle of the present tense Scattering, as seed; sprinkling with seed, as ground; stocking with seed.

Sowing

SOWING, noun The act of scattering seed for propagation.

Sowins

SOW'INS, noun Flummery made of oatmeal somewhat soured.

Mortimer. Swift.

[Not used, I believe, in America.]

Sowl

SOWL, verb transitive To pull by the ears.

Shak.

[Not used in America.]

Sown

SOWN, participle passive Scattered, as seed; sprinkled with seed, as ground.

Soy

SOY, noun A kind of sauce, used in Japan.

Sozzle

SOZ'ZLE, noun [See Soss.] A sluttish woman, or one that spills water and other liquids carelessly. [New England.]

Spaad

SPAAD, noun A kind of mineral; spar. [Spanish espato.]

Woodward.

Space

SPACE, noun [French espace; Spanish espacio; Italian spazio, Latin spatium, space; spatior, to wander. This word is probably formed on the root of pateo. Class Bd.]

1. Room; extension. Space in the abstract, is mere extension.

Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion.

Locke.

2. Any quantity of extension. In relation to bodies, space is the interval between any two or more objects; as the space between two stars or two hills. The quantity of space or extent between bodies, constitutes their distance from each other.

3. The distance or interval between lines; as in books. The spaces in music are named as well as the lines.

4. Quantity of time; also, the interval between two points of time.

Nine times the space that measures day and nightÃ‚--

Milton.

God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a longer space for repentance.

Tillotson.

5. A short time; a while.

To stay your deadly strife a space.

Spenser.

[This sense is nearly obsolete.]

Space

SPACE, verb transitive To rove. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Space

SPACE, verb transitive Among printers, to make spaces or wider intervals between lines.

Spaceful

SPA'CEFUL, adjective Wide; extensive. [Not used.]

Sandys.

Spacious

SPA'CIOUS, adjective [French spacieux; Spanish spatioso; Italian spazioso; Latin spatiosus.]

1. Wide; roomy; having large or ample room; not narrow; as a spacious church; a spacious hall or drawing room.

2. Extensive; vast in extent; as the spacious earth; the spacious ocean.

Spaciously

SPA'CIOUSLY, adverb Widely; extensively.

Spaciousness

SPA'CIOUSNESS, noun Wideness; largeness of extent; roominess; as the spaciousness of the rooms in a building.

2. Extensiveness; vastness of extent; as the spaciousness of the ocean.

Spaddle

SPAD'DLE, noun [dim. of spade.] A little spade.

Mortimer.

Spade

SPADE, noun [Saxon spad, spada; German spaten; Dutch spaade; Danish Swedish spade; probably from breadth, extension, coinciding with Latin spatula, from the root of pateo.]

1. An instrument for digging, consisting of a broad palm with a handle.

2. A suit of cards.

3. A deer three years old; written also spaid.

4. A gelded beast. [Latin spado.]

Spade

SPADE, verb transitive To dig with a spade; or to pare off the sward of land with a spade.

Spade-Bone

SPA'DE-BONE, noun [spade and bone.] The shoulder blade. [I believe little used.]

SPA'DEFUL. noun [spade and full.] As much as a spade will hold.

Spadiceous

SPADI'CEOUS, adjective [Latin spadiceus, from spadix, a light red color.]

1. Of a light red color, usually denominated bay.

Brown.

2. In botany, a spadiceous flower, is a sort of aggregate flower, having a receptacle common to many florests, within a spathe, as in palms, dracontium, arum, &c.

Martyn.

Spadille

SPADILLE, n. spadil'. [French] The ace of spades at omber.

Spadix

SPA'DIX, noun [Latin] In botany, the receptacle in palms and some other plants, proceeding from a spathe.

Martyn.

Spado

SPA'DO, noun [Latin] A gelding.

Brown.

Spagyric

SPAGYR'IC, adjective [Latin spagyricus.] Chimical. [Not in use.]

Spagyric

SPAGYR'IC, noun A chimist. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Spagyrist

SPAG'YRIST, noun A chimist. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Spahee

SPA'HEE, or SPA'HI, noun [Turk. sipahi; Pers. sipahee. See Seapoy.] One of the Turkish cavalry.

Spake

SPAKE, pret. of speak; nearly obsolete. We now use spoke.

Spall

SPALL, noun [French epaule; Italian spalla.] The shoulder. [Not English.]

Fairfax.

2. A chip. [Not in use.]

Spalt

SPALT, or SPELT, noun A whitish scaly mineral, used to promote the fusion of metals.

Bailey. Ash.

Spalt

SPALT, adjective [Danish spalt, a split; German spalten, to split.] Cracked, as timber. [N. Eng.]

Span

SPAN, noun [Saxon Dutch span; German spanne; Danish spand, a span in measure; Swedish span, a span in measure, and a set of coach horses, German gespan; verbs, Saxon spannan, to span, to unite; gespanian, to join; Dutch German spannen; Danish spander, to strain, stretch, bend, yoke. This word is formed on the root of bend, Latin pando. The primary sense is to strain, stretch, extend, hence to join a team, Danish forspand, Dutch gespan.]

1. The space from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when extended; nine inches; the eighth of a fathom.

Holder.

2. A short space of time.

Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy.

Farquhar.

3. A span of horses, consists of two of nearly the same color, and otherwise nearly alike, which are usually harnessed side by side. The word signifies properly the same as yoke, when applied to horned cattle, from buckling or fastening together. But in America, span always implies resemblance in color at least; it being an object of ambition with gentlemen and with teamsters to unite two horses abreast that are alike.

4. In seamen's language, a small line or cord, the middle of which is attached to a stay.

Span

SPAN, verb transitive To measure by the hand with the fingers extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; as, to span a space or distance; to span a cylinder.

2. To measure.

This soul doth span the world.

Herbert.

Span

SPAN, verb intransitive To agree in color, or in color and size; as, the horses span well. [New England.]

Span

SPAN, pret. of spin. Obs. We now use spun.

Spancel

SPAN'CEL, noun A rope to tie a cow's hind legs. [Local.]

Grose.

Spancel

SPAN'CEL, verb transitive To tie the legs of a horse or cow with a rope. [Local.]

Malone.

Spancounter

SPAN'COUNTER, or SPAN'F`ARTHING, noun A play at which money is thrown within a span or circuit marked.

Swift.

Spandrel

SPAN'DREL, noun The space between the curve of an arch and the right lines inclosing it.

Spane

SPANE, verb transitive [Dutch speenen.] To wean. [Not in use.]

Spang

SPANG, noun [Dutch spange, a spangle; Greek.]

A spangle or shining ornament; a thin piece of metal or other shining material. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Spangle

SPAN'GLE, noun [supra.] A small plate or boss of shining metal; something brilliant used as an ornament.

2. Any little thing sparkling and brilliant, like pieces of metal; as crystals of ice.

For the rich spangles that adorn the sky.

Waller.

Spangle

SPAN'GLE, verb transitive To set or sprinkle with spangles; to adorn with small distinct brilliant bodies; as a spangled breastplate.

Donne.

What stars do spangle heaven with such beautyÃ‚--

Shak.

Spangled

SPAN'GLED, participle passive Set with spangles.

Spangling

SPAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Adorning with spangles.

Spaniel

SPAN'IEL, noun [French epagneul; said to be from Hispaniola, now Hayti.]

1. A dog used in sports of the field, remarkable for his sagacity and obedience.

Dryden.

2. A mean, cringing, fawning person.

Shak.

Spaniel

SPAN'IEL, adjective Like a spaniel; mean; fawning.

Shak.

Spaniel

SPAN'IEL, verb intransitive To fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious.

Spaniel

SPAN'IEL, verb transitive To follow like a spaniel.

Spanish

SPAN'ISH, adjective Pertaining to Spain.

Spanish

SPAN'ISH, noun The language of Spain.

Spanish-Broom

SPANISH-BROOM, noun A plant of the genus Spartium.

Spanish-Brown

SPANISH-BROWN, noun A species of earth used in paints.

Spanish-Fly

SPANISH-FLY, noun A fly or insect, the cantharis, used in vesicatories, or compositions for raising blisters.

Spanish-Nut

SPANISH-NUT, noun A plant.

Miller.

Spanish-White

SPANISH-WHITE, noun A white earth from Spain, used in paints.

Spank

SPANK, verb transitive [Welsh pange, a blow; allied perhaps to the vulgar bang, and found in the Persic.]

To strike with the open hand; to slap. [A word common in New England.]

Spanker

SPANK'ER, noun A small coin.

Derham.

2. In seamen's language, a ship's driver; a large sail occasionally set upon the mizenyard or gaff, the foot being extended by a boom.

Mar. Dict.

3. One that takes long strides in walking; also, a stout person.

Spanking

SPANK'ING, participle of the present tense Striking with the open hand.

2. adjective Large; stout. [Vulgar.]

Span-Long

SPAN'-LONG, adjective Of the length of a span.

B. Jonson.

Spanned

SPAN'NED, participle passive Measured with the hand.

Spanner

SPAN'NER, noun One that spans.

2. The lock of a fusee or carbine; or the fusee itself.

Bailey. Bowering.

3. A wrench or nut screw-driver.

Span-New

SPAN'-NEW, adjective [German spannen; allied perhaps to spangle.] Quite new; probably bright-new.

Spanning

SPAN'NING, participle of the present tense Measuring with the hand; encompassing with the fingers.

Spar

SP`AR, noun [Dutch spar, a rafter, a shingle; German sparren, a spar, a rafter; Danish spar, a spar, a small beam, the bar of a gate; Swedish sparre, a rafter; French barre; Italian sbarra, a bar; Spanish esparr, a fossil; espar, a drug. If this word is connected with spare, the primary sense is probably thin. The sense of bar and spar, is however more generally derived from thrusting, shooting in length; so spear likewise. See Bar.]

1. A stone that breaks into a regular shape; marcasite. This name is popularly given to any crystalized mineral of a shining luster. It is the German spath.

2. A round piece of timber. This name is usually given to the round pieces of timber used for the yards and top-masts of ships.

3. The bar of a gate. Obs.

Chaucer.

Spar

SP`AR, verb transitive [Saxon sparran; German sperren; from spar.]

To bar; to shut close or fasten with a bar. Obs.

Chaucer.

Spar

SP`AR, verb intransitive [Saxon spirian, to argue or dispute, to aspire; Russian sporyu, to dispute, to contend; Irish sparnam. The Saxon word signifies to dispute, also to investigate, to inquire or explore, to follow after. This is another form of the Latin spiro, Greek,. The primary sense is to urge, drive, throw, propel.]

1. To dispute; to quarrel in words; to wrangle. [This is the sense of the word in America.]

2. To fight with prelusive strokes.

Johnson.

Sparable

SP`ARABLE, noun [Irish sparra.] Small nails. [Not in use.]

Sparadrap

SP`ARADRAP, noun In pharmacy, a cerecloth.

Wiseman.

Sparage

SPARAGE, or SPARAGUS. [Vulgar.] [See Asparagus.]

Spare

SPARE, verb transitive [Saxon sparian; Dutch spaaren; German sparen; Danish sparer; Swedish spara; French epargner. It seems to be from the same root as Latin parco; Italian sparagnare.]

1. To use frugally; not to be profuse; not to waste.

Thou thy Father's thunder did'st not spare.

Milton.

2. To save or withhold from any particular use or occupation. He has no bread to spare, that is, to withhold from his necessary uses.

All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge, he bestowed on prayer and serving of God.

Knolles.

3. To part with without much inconvenience; to do without.

I could have better spar'd a better man.

Shak.

Nor can we spare you longÃ‚--

Dryden.

4. To omit; to forbear. We might have spared this toil and expense.

Be pleas'd your politics to spare.

Dryden.

5. To use tenderly; to treat with pity and forbearance; to forbear to afflict, punish or destroy.

Spare us, good Lord.

Com. Prayer.

Dim sadness did not spare

Celestial visages.

Milton.

But man alone can whom he conquers spare.

Waller.

6. Not to take when in one's power; to forbear to destroy; as, to spare the life of a prisoner.

7. To grant; to allow; to indulge.

Where angry Jove did never spare

One breath of kind and temp'rate air.

Roscommon.

8. To forbear to inflict or impose.

Spare my sight the pain

Of seeing what a world of tears it cost you.

Dryden.

Spare

SPARE, verb intransitive To live frugally; to be parsimonious.

Who at some times spend, at others spare,

Divided between carelessness and care.

Pope.

2. To forbear; to be scrupulous.

To pluck and eat my fill I spar'd not.

Milton.

3. To be frugal; not to be profuse.

4. To use mercy or forbearance; to forgive; to be tender.

The kingÃ‚--was sparing and compassionate towards his subjects.

Bacon.

Spare

SPARE, adjective [Saxon spoer.] Scanty; parsimonious; not abundant; as a spare diet.

He was spare but discreet of speech.

Carew.

[We more generally use, in the latter application, sparing; as, he was sparing of words.]

2. That can be dispensed with; not wanted; superfluous. I have no spare time on my hands.

If that no spare clothes he had to give.

Spenser.

3. Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin.

O give me your spare men, and spare me the great ones.

Shak.

4. Slow. [Not in use or local.]

Grose.

Spare

SPARE, noun Parsimony; frugal use. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Spared

SPA'RED, participle passive Dispensed with; saved; forborne.

Sparely

SPA'RELY, adverb Sparingly.

Milton.

Spareness

SPA'RENESS, noun State of being lean or thin; leanness.

Hammond.

Sparer

SPA'RER, noun One that avoids unnecessary expense.

Wotton.

Sparerib

SPA'RERIB, noun [spare and rib.] The piece of a hog taken from the side, consisting of the ribs with little flesh on them.

Spargefaction

SPARGEFAC'TION, noun [Latin spargo, to sprinkle.]

The act of sprinkling. [Not used.]

Dict.

Sparing

SPA'RING, participle of the present tense Using frugally; forbearing; omitting to punish or destroy.

2. adjective Scarce; little.

Of this there is with you sparing memory, or none.

Bacon.

3. Scanty; not plentiful; not abundant; as a sparing diet.

4. Saving; parsimonious.

Virgil being so very sparing of his words, and leaving so much to be imagined by the reader, can never be translated as he ought in any modern tongue.

Dryden.

Sparingly

SPA'RINGLY, adverb Not abundantly.

Shak.

2. Frugally; parsimoniously; not lavishly.

High titles of honor were in the king's minority sparingly granted, because dignity then waited on desert.

Hayward.

Commend but sparingly whom thou dost love.

Denham.

3. Abstinently; moderately.

Christians are obliged to taste even the innocent pleasures of life but sparingly.

Atterbury.

4. Seldom; not frequently.

The morality of a grave sentence, affected by Lucan, is more sparingly used by Virgil.

Dryden.

5. Cautiously; tenderly.

Bacon.

Sparingness

SPA'RINGNESS, noun Parsimony; want of liberality.

2. Caution.

Barrow.

Spark

SP`ARK, noun [Saxon spearc; Dutch spartelen, to flutter, to sparkle; Danish sparker, to wince or kick. The sense is that which shoots, darts off or scatters; probably allied to Latin spargo and Russian sverkayu.]

1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance, which is emitted from bodies in combustion, and which either ascends with the smoke, or is darted in another direction.

Pope.

2. A small shining body or transient light.

We have here and there a little clear light, and some sparks of bright knowledge.

Locke.

3. A small portion of any thing active. If any spark of life is yet remaining.

4. A very small portion. If you have a spark of generosity.

5. A brisk, showy, gay man.

The finest sparks and cleanest beaux.

Prior.

6. A lover.

Spark

SP`ARK, verb intransitive To emit particles of fire; to sparkle. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sparkful

SP`ARKFUL, adjective Lively; brisk; gay.

Camden.

Sparkish

SP`ARKISH, adjective Airy; gay.

Walsh.

2. Showy; well dressed; fine.

L'Estrange.

Sparkle

SP`ARKLE, noun A spark.

Dryden.

2. A luminous particle.

Sparkle

SP`ARKLE, verb intransitive [Dutch spartelen.] To emit sparks; to send off small ignited particles; as burning fuel, &c.

2. To glitter; to glisten; as, a brilliant sparkles; sparkling colors.

Locke.

3. To twinkle; to glitter; as sparkling stars.

4. To glisten; to exhibit an appearance of animation; as, the eyes sparkle with joy.

Milton.

5. To emit little bubbles, as spiritous liquors; as sparkling wine.

Sparkle

SP`ARKLE, verb transitive To throw about; to scatter. [Not in use.]

Sackville.

Sparkler

SP`ARKLER, noun He or that which sparkles; one whose eyes sparkle.

Addison.

Sparklet

SP`ARKLET, noun A small spark.

Cotton.

Sparkliness

SP`ARKLINESS, noun Vivacity. [Not in use.]

Aubrey.

Sparkling

SP`ARKLING, participle of the present tense or adjective Emitting sparks; glittering; lively; as sparkling wine; sparkling eyes.

Sparklingly

SP`ARKLINGLY, adverb With twinkling or vivid brilliancy.

Sparklingness

SP`ARKLINGNESS, noun Vivid and twinkling luster.

Sparling

SP`ARLING, noun A smelt.

Cotgrave.

Sparrow

SPAR'ROW, noun [Saxon speara; Gothic sparwa; German Danish sperling; Swedish sparf; probably allied to spear or spare, and so named from its smallness.]

A small bird of the genus Fringilla and order of Passers. These birds are frequently seen about houses.

Sparrow-Grass

SPAR'ROW-GRASS, a corruption of asparagus.

Sparrow-Hawk

SPAR'ROW-HAWK, or SPAR'HAWK, noun [Saxon spearhafoc; spear-hawk.] A small species of short winged hawk.

Sparry

SP`ARRY, adjective [from spar.] Resembling spar, or consisting of spar; having a confused crystaline structure; spathose.

Sparse

SPARSE, a. spÃƒ- rs. [Latin sparsus, scattered, from spargo.]

1. Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there; as a sparse population.

2. In botany, not opposite, nor alternate, nor in any apparent regular order; applied to branches, leaves, peduncles, &c.

Martyn.

Sparse

SPARSE, v. t. spÃƒ- rs. To disperse. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Sparsed

SP`ARSED, adjective Scattered.

Lee.

Sparsedly

SP`ARSEDLY, adverb In a scattered manner.

Evelyn.

Spartan

SP`ARTAN, adjective Pertaining to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as Spartan souls; Spartan bravery.

Spasm

SPASM, noun [Latin spasmus; Greek, from, to draw.]

An involuntary contraction of muscles or muscular fibers in animal bodies; irregular motion of the muscles or muscular fibers; convulsion; cramp.

Coxe.

Spasmodic

SPASMOD'IC, adjective [French spasmodique; Italian spasmodico.]

Consisting in spasm; as a spasmodic affection.

Spasmodic

SPASMOD'IC, noun A medicine good for removing spasm; but I believe the word generally employed is anti-spasmodic.

Spat

SPAT, pret. of spit, but nearly obsolete.

Spat

SPAT, noun [from the root of spit; that which is ejected.]

1. The young of shell fish.

Woodward.

2. A petty combat; a little quarrel or dissension. [A vulgar use of the word in New England.]

Spathaceous

SPATHA'CEOUS, adjective Having a calyx like a sheath.

Spathe

SPATHE, noun [Latin spatha.] In botany, the calyx of a spadix opening or bursting longitudinally, in form of a sheath. It is also applied to the calyx of some flowers which have no spadix, as of narcissus, crocus, iris, &c.

Martyn.

Spathic

SPATH'IC, adjective [German spath.] Foliated or lamellar. Spathic iron is a mineral of a foliated structure, and a yellowish or brownish color.

Silliman.

Spathiform

SPATH'IFORM, adjective [spath and form.] Resembling spar in form.

The ocherous, spathiform and mineralized forms of uraniteÃ‚--

Lavoisier.

Spathous

SPATH'OUS, adjective Having a calyx like a sheath.

Spathulate

SPATH'ULATE. [See Spatulate.]

Spatiate

SPA'TIATE, verb intransitive [Latin spatior.] To rove; to ramble. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Spatter

SPAT'TER, verb transitive [This root is a derivative of the family of spit, or Latin pateo. See Sputter.]

1. To scatter a liquid substance on; to sprinkle with water or any fluid, or with any moist and dirty matter; as, to spatter a coat; to spatter the floor; to spatter the boots with mud. [This word, I believe, is applied always to fluid or moist substances. We say, to spatter with water, mud, blood or gravy; but never to spatter with dust or meal.]

2. Figuratively, to asperse; to defame. [In this sense, asperse is generally used.]

3. To throw out any thing offensive; as, to spatter foul speeches. [Not in use.]

Shak.

4. To scatter about; as, to spatter water here and there.

Spatter

SPAT'TER, verb intransitive To throw out of the mouth in a scattered manner; to sputter. [See Sputter.]

Milton.

Spatterdashes

SPAT'TERDASHES, n. plu. [spatter and dash.]

Coverings for the legs to keep them clean from water and mud. [Since boots are generally worn, these things and their name are little used.]

Spattered

SPAT'TERED, participle passive Sprinkled or fouled by some liquid or dirty substance.

2. Aspersed.

Spattering

SPAT'TERING, participle of the present tense Sprinkling with moist or foul matter.

2. Aspersing.

Spattle

SPAT'TLE, noun Spittle. [Not in use.]

Bale.

Spattling-Poppy

SPATTLING-POPPY, noun [Latin papaver spumeum.]

A plant; white behen; a species of Campion.

Spatula

SPAT'ULA, or SPAT'TLE, noun [Latin spathula, spatha, a slice; Welsh yspodol; from the root of Latin pateo; so named from its breadth, or from its use in spreading things.

A slice; an apothecaries' instrument for spreading plasters, &c.

Quincy.

Spatulate

SPAT'ULATE, adjective [from Latin spathula.] In botany, a spatulate leaf is one shaped like a spatula or battledore, being roundish with a long, narrow, linear base; as in cistus incanus.

Martyn.

Spavin

SPAV'IN, noun [Italian spavenio, spavano, spavin, a cramp; French eparvin; Spanish esparavan; Portugese esparavam.]

A tumor or excrescence that forms on the inside of a horse's hough, not far from the elbow; at first like gristle, but afterwards hard and bony.

Far. Dict.

Spavined

SPAV'INED, adjective Affected with spavin.

Goldsmith.

Spaw

SPAW, or SPA, noun A mineral water from a place of this name in Germany. The name may perhaps be applied to other similar waters.

2. A spring of mineral water.

Spawl

SPAWL, verb intransitive [German speichel, spawl; spcien, to spawl, to spew. Spew is a contracted word.]

To throw saliva from the mouth in a scattering form; to disperse spittle in a careless dirty manner.

Why must he sputter, spawl and slaver it?

Swift.

Spawl

SPAWL, noun Saliva or spittle thrown out carelessly.

Dryden.

Spawling

SPAWL'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing spittle carelessly from the mouth.

Spawling

SPAWL'ING, noun Saliva thrown out carelessly.

Spawn

SPAWN, noun It has no plural. [If this word is not contracted, it belongs to the root of Latin pano, Spanish poner, French pondre, to lay eggs. If contracted, it probably belongs to the root of spew or spawl. The radical sense is that which is ejected or thrown out.]

1. The eggs of fish or frogs, when ejected.

Ray.

2. Any product or offspring; an expression of contempt.

Roscommon.

3. Offsets; shoots; suckers of plants. [Not used in America.]

Spawn

SPAWN, verb transitive To produce or deposit, as fishes do their eggs.

2. To bring forth; to generate; in contempt.

Swift.

Spawn

SPAWN, verb intransitive To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs.

2. To issue, as offspring; in contempt.

Locke.

Spawned

SPAWN'ED, participle passive Produced or deposited, as the eggs of fish or frogs.

Spawner

SPAWN'ER, noun The female fish.

The spawner and the melter of the barbel cover their spawn with sand.

Walton.

Spay

SPAY, verb transitive [Welsh yspazu, to exhaust; dyspazu, to geld; Armoric spaza or spahein, to geld; Latin spado, a gelding; Greek, to draw out.]

To castrate the female of a beast by cutting and by taking out the uterus; as, to spay a sow.

Mortimer.

Spayed

SPA'YED, participle passive Castrated, as a female beast.

Spaying

SPA'YING, participle of the present tense Castrating, as a female beast.

Speak

SPEAK, verb intransitive pret. spoke, [spake, nearly obs.;] pp. spoke, spoken. [Saxon spoecan, specan; Italian spiccar le parole, to speak distinctly; spiccare, to shine, that is, to shoot or thrust forth; Ethiopic sabak, to preach, to teach, to proclaim. The Swedish has spÃƒ-¥, Danish spaer, to foretell. It is easy to see that the root of this word is allied to that of beak, peak, pick.]

1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to express thoughts by words. Children learn to speak at an early age. The organs may be so obstructed that a man may not be able to speak.

Speak, Lord, for thy servant heareth. 1 Samuel 3.

2. To utter a speech, discourse or harangue; to utter thoughts in a public assembly. A man may be well informed on a subject, and yet too diffident to speak in public.

Many of the nobility made themselves popular by speaking in parliament against those things which were most grateful to his majesty.

Clarendon.

3. To talk; to express opinions; to dispute.

An honest man, sir, is able to speak for himself, when the knave is not.

Shak.

4. To discourse; to make mention of.

Lucan speaks of a part of Cesar's army that came to him from the Leman lake.

Addison.

The Scripture speaks only of those to whom it speaks.

Hammond.

5. To give sound.

Make all your trumpets speak.

Shak.

To speak with, to converse with. Let me speak with my son.

Speak

SPEAK, verb transitive To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately; as human beings.

They sat down with him on the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spoke a word to him. Job 2.

Speak the word, and my son shall be healed. Matthew 8.

2. To declare; to proclaim; to celebrate.

It is my father's music

To speak your deeds.

Shak.

3. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in conversation. A man may know how to read and to understand a language which he cannot speak.

4. To address; to accost.

He will smile upon thee, put thee in hope, and speak thee fair.

Ecclus.

5. To exhibit; to make known.

Let heav'n's wide circuit speak

The Maker's high magnificence.

Milton.

6. To express silently or by signs. The lady's looks or eyes speak the meaning or wishes of her heart.

7. To communicate; as, to speak peace to the soul.

To speak a ship, to hail and speak to her captain or commander.

[Note. We say, to speak a word or syllable, to speak a sentence, an oration, piece, composition, or a dialogue, to speak a man's praise, &c.; but we never say, to speak an argument, a sermon or a story.]

Speakable

SPE'AKABLE, adjective That can be spoken.

2. Having the power of speech.

Milton.

Speaker

SPE'AKER, noun One that speaks, in whatever manner.

2. One that proclaims or celebrates.

Ã‚--No other speaker of my living actions.

Shak.

3. One that utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one that utters a speech in public. We say, a man is a good speaker, or a bad speaker.

4. The person who presides in a deliberative assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates; as the speaker of the house of commons; the speaker of a house of representatives.

Speaking

SPE'AKING, participle of the present tense Uttering words; discoursing; talking.

Speaking

SPE'AKING, noun The act of uttering words; discourse.

2. In colleges, public declamation.

Speaking-Trumpet

SPE'AKING-TRUMPET, noun A trumpet by which the sound of the human voice may be propagated to a great distance.

Spear

SPEAR, noun [Saxon speare, spere; Dutch German speer; Danish spoer; Welsh yspar, from pÃƒ-¢r, a spear. So Welsh ber is a spear, and a spit, that which shoots to a point. Class Br.]

1. A long pointed weapon, used in war and hunting by thrusting or throwing; a lance.

Milton. Pope.

2. A sharp pointed instrument with barbs; used for stabbing fish and other animals.

Carew.

3. A shoot, as of grass; usually spire.

Spear

SPEAR, verb transitive To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a fish.

Spear

SPEAR, verb intransitive To shoot into a long stem. [See Spire.]

Mortimer.

Speared

SPE'ARED, participle passive Pierced or killed with a spear.

Spear-Foot

SPE'AR-FOOT, noun [spear and foot.] The far foot behind; used of a horse.

Encyc.

Spear-Grass

SPE'AR-GRASS, noun [spear and grass.] A long stiff grass.

Shak.

2. In New England, this name is given to a species of Poa.

Spearing

SPE'ARING, participle of the present tense Piercing or killing with a spear.

2. Shooting into a long stem.

Spearman

SPE'ARMAN, noun [spear and man.] One who is armed with a spear. Psalm 68.

Spearmint

SPE'ARMINT, noun [spear and mint.] A plant of the genus Mentha; a species of mint.

Spear-Thistle

SPE'AR-THISTLE, noun A plant, a troublesome weed.

Spear-Wort

SPE'AR-WORT, noun A plant; the popular name of the Ranunculus flammula.

Specht

SPECHT, or SPEIGHT, noun A woodpecker. [Not in use or local.]

Sherwood.

Special

SPE'CIAL, adjective [French; Italian speziale; Spanish especial; from Latin specialis, from species, form, figure, sort, from specio, to see. Hence species primarily is appearance, that which is presented to the eye. This word and especial are the same.]

1. Designating a species or sort.

A special idea is called by the schools a species.

Watts.

2. Particular; peculiar; noting something more than ordinary. She smiles with a special grace.

Our Savior is represented every where in Scripture as the special patron of the poor and afflicted.

Atterbury.

3. Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose. A private grant is made by a special act of parliament or of congress.

4. Extraordinary; uncommon. Our charities should be universal, but chiefly exercised on special opportunities.

Sprat.

5. Chief in excellence.

The king hath drawn

The special head of all the land together.

Shak.

Special administration, in law, is one in which the power of an administrator is limited to the administration of certain specific effects, and not the effects in general of the deceased.

Blackstone.

Special bail, consists of actual sureties recognized to answer for the appearance of a person in court; as distinguished from common bail, which is nominal.

Blackstone.

Special bailif, is a bailif appointed by the sherif for making arrests and serving processes.

Special contract. [See Specialty.]

Special demurrer, is one in which the cause of demurrer is particularly stated.

Special imparlance, is one in which there is a saving of all exceptions to the writ or count, or of all exceptions whatsoever.

Blackstone.

Special jury, is one which is called upon motion of either party, when the cause is supposed to require it.

Blackstone.

Special matter in evidence, the particular facts in the case on which the defendant relies.

Special plea, in bar, is a plea which sets forth the particular facts or reasons why the plaintif's demand should be barred as a release, accord, &c.

Blackstone.

Special property, a qualified or limited property, as the property which a man acquires in wild animals by reclaiming them.

Special session of a court, an extraordinary session; a session beyond the regular stated sessions; or in corporations and counties in England, a petty session held by a few justices for dispatching small business.

Blackstone.

Special statute, is a private act of the legislature, such as respects a private person or individual.

Special tail, is where a gift is restrained to certain heirs of the donee's body, and does not descend to the heirs in general.

Blackstone.

Special verdict, is a verdict in which the jury find the facts and state them as proved, but leave the law arising from the facts to be determined by the court. Another method of finding a special verdict, is when the jury find a verdict generally for the plaintif, but subject to the opinion of the court on a special case stated by the counsel on both sides, with regard to a matter of law.

Blackstone.

Special warrant, a warrant to take a person and bring him before a particular justice who granted the warrant.

Special

SPE'CIAL, noun A particular. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Specialize

SPE'CIALIZE, verb transitive To mention specially. [Not in use.]

Sheldon.

Specially

SPE'CIALLY, adverb Particularly; in a manner beyond what is common, or out of the ordinary course. Every signal deliverance from danger ought to be specially noticed as a divine interposition.

2. For a particular purpose. A meeting of the legislature is specially summoned.

3. Chiefly; specially.

Specialty

SPE'CIALTY, noun Particularity.

Specialty of rule hath been neglected.

Shak.

2. A particular or peculiar case.

NOTE. This word is now little used in the senses above. Its common acceptation is,

3. A special contract; an obligation or bond; the evidence of a debt by deed or instrument under seal. Such a debt is called a debt by specialty, in distinction from simple contract.

Blackstone.

Specie

SPECIE, n. spe'shy. Coin; copper, silver or gold coined and used as a circulating medium of commerce. [See Special.]

Species

SPECIES, n. spe'shiz. [Latin from specio, to see. See Special.]

1. In zoology, a collection of organized beings derived from one common parentage by natural generation, characterized by one peculiar form, liable to vary from the influence of circumstances only within certain narrow limits. These accidental and limited variations are varieties. Different races from the same parents are called varieties.

2. In botany, all the plants which spring from the same seed, or which resemble each other in certain characters or invariable forms.

There are as many species as there are different invariable forms or structures of vegetables.

Martyn.

3. In logic, a special idea, corresponding to the specific distinctions of things in nature.

Watts.

4. Sort; kind; in a loose sense; as a species of low cunning in the world; a species of generosity; a species of cloth.

5. Appearance to the senses; visible or sensible representation.

An apparent diversity between the species visible and audible, is that the visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible doth.

Bacon.

The species of letters illuminated with indigo and violet. [Little used.]

Newton.

6. Representation to the mind.

WitÃ‚--the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent. [Little used.]

Dryden.

7. Show; visible exhibition.

Shows and species serve best with the common people. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

8. Coin, or coined silver and gold, used as a circulating medium; as the current species of Europe.

Arbuthnot.

In modern practice, this word is contracted into specie. What quantity of specie has the bank in its vault? What is the amount of all the current specie in the country? What is the value in specie, of a bill of exchange? We receive payment for goods in specie, not in bank notes.

9. In pharmacy, a simple; a component part of a compound medicine.

Johnson. Quincy.

10. The old pharmaceutical term for powders.

Parr.

Specific

SPECIF'IC, or SPECIF'ICAL, adjective [French specifique; It specifico.] That makes a thing of the species of which it is; designating the peculiar property or properties of a thing, which constitute its species, and distinguish it from other things. Thus we say, the specific form of an animal or a plant; the specific form of a cube or square; the specific qualities of a plant or a drug; the specific difference between an acid and an alkali; the specific distinction between virtue and vice.

Specific difference is that primary attribute which distinguishes each species from one another.

Watts.

2. In medicine, appropriate for the cure of a particular disease; that certainly cures or is less fallible than others; as a specific remedy for the gout. The Saratoga waters are found to be a specific remedy, or nearly so, for the cure of bilious complaints, so called.

Specific character, in botany, a circumstance or circumstances distinguishing one species from every other species of the same genus.

Martyn.

Specific gravity, in philosophy, the weight that belongs to an equal bulk of each body. [See Gravity.]

Specific name, in botany, is the trivial name, as distinguished from the generic name.

Martyn.

Specific name is now used for the name which, appended to the name of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of the species; but it was originally applied by Linne to the essential character of the species, or the essential difference. The present specific names he at first called the trivial names.

Smith.

Specific

SPECIF'IC, noun In medicine, a remedy that certainly cures a particular disease.

Coxe.

Specifically

SPECIF'ICALLY, adverb In such a manner as to constitute a species; according to the nature of the species. A body is specifically lighter than another, when it has less weight in the same bulk than the other.

Human reasonÃ‚--differs specifically from the fantastick reason of brutes.

Grew.

Ã‚--Those several virtues that are specifically requisite to a due performance of duty.

South.

Specificate

SPECIF'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin species, form, and facio, to make.]

To show, mark or designate the species, or the distinguishing particulars of a thing; to specify.

Specification

SPECIFICA'TION, noun The act of determining by a mark or limit; notation of limits.

This specification or limitation of the question hinders the disputers from wandering away from the precise point of inquiry.

Watts.

2. The act of specifying; designation of particulars; particular mention; as the specification of a charge against a military or naval officer.

3. Article or thing specified.

Specified

SPEC'IFIED, participle passive Particularized; specially named.

Specify

SPEC'IFY, verb transitive [French specifier; Italian specificare.]

To mention or name, as a particular thing; to designate in words, so as to distinguish a thing from every other; as, to specify the uses of a plant; to specify the articles one wants to purchase.

He has there given us an exact geography of Greece, where the countries and the uses of their soils are specified.

Pope.

Specifying

SPEC'IFYING, participle of the present tense Naming or designating particularly.

Specimen

SPEC'IMEN, noun [Latin from species, with the termination men, which corresponds in sense to the English hood or ness.]

A sample; a part or small portion of any thing, intended to exhibit the kind and quality of the whole, or of something not exhibited; as a specimen of a man's handwriting; a specimen of painting or composition; a specimen of one's art or skill.

Specious

SPE'CIOUS, adjective [French specieux, Italian specioso; Spanish especioso; Latin speciosus.]

1. Showy; pleasing to the view.

The rest, far greater part,

Will deem in outward rites and specious forms

Religion satisfied.

Milton.

2. Apparently right; superficially fair, just or correct; plausible; appearing well at first view; as specious reasoning; a specious argument; a specious objection; specious deeds. Temptation is of greater danger, because it is covered with the specious names of good nature, good manners, nobleness of mind, &c.

Speciously

SPE'CIOUSLY, adverb With a fair appearance; with show of right; as, to reason speciously.

Speck

SPECK, noun [Saxon specca; Dutch spikkel. In Spanish peca is a freckle or spot raised in the skin by the sun. This word may be formed from peck, for peckled has been used for speckled, spotted as though pecked. Qu. Arabic bakaa, to be spotted. Class Bg. No. 31.]

1. A spot; a stain; a small place in any thing that is discolored by foreign matter, or is of a color different from that of the main substance; as a speck on paper or cloth.

2. A very small thing.

Speck

SPECK, verb transitive To spot; to stain in spots or drops.

Speckle

SPECK'LE, noun A little spot in any thing, of a different substance or color from that of the thing itself.

Speckle

SPECK'LE, verb transitive To mark with small spots of a different color; used chiefly in the participle passive, which see.

Speckled

SPECK'LED, participle passive or adjective Marked with specks; variegated with spots of a different color from the ground or surface of the object; as the speckled breast of a bird; a speckled serpent.

Speckled bird, a denomination given to a person of doubtful character or principles.

Speckledness

SPECK'LEDNESS, noun The state of being speckled.

Ash.

Speckling

SPECK'LING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with small spots.

Spectacle

SPEC'TACLE, noun [French from Latin spectaculum, from specto, to behold; specio, to see; Italian spettacolo.]

1. A show; something exhibited to view; usually, something presented to view as extraordinary, or something that is beheld as unusual and worthy of special notice. Thus we call things exhibited for amusement, public spectacles, as the combats of gladiators in ancient Rome.

We are made a spectacle to the world, and to angels, and to men. 1 Corinthians 4.

2. Any thing seen; a sight. A drunkard is a shocking spectacle.

3. Spectacles, in the plural, glasses to assist the sight.

4. Figuratively, something that aids the intellectual sight.

ShakspeareÃ‚--needed not the spectacles of books to read nature.

Dryden.

Spectacled

SPEC'TACLED, adjective Furnished with spectacles.

Shak.

Spectacular

SPECTAC'ULAR, adjective Pertaining to shows.

Hickes.

Spectation

SPECTA'TION, noun [Latin spectatio.] Regard; respect. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Spectator

SPECTA'TOR, noun [Latin whence French spectateur; Italian spettatore.]

1. One that looks on; one that sees or beholds; a beholder; as the spectators of a show.

2. One personally present. The spectators were numerous.

Spectatorial

SPECTATO'RIAL, adjective Pertaining to the Spectator.

Addison.

Spectatorship

SPECTA'TORSHIP, noun The act of beholding.

Shak.

2. The office or quality of a spectator.

Addison.

Spectatress

SPECTA'TRESS, or SPECTA'TRIX, noun [Latin spectatrix.] A female beholder or looker on.

Rowe.

Specter

SPEC'TER, noun [French spectre; from Latin spectrum, from specto, to behold.]

1. An apparition; the appearance of a person who is dead; a ghost.

The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend,

With bold fanatic specters to rejoice.

Dryden.

2. Something made preternaturally visible.

3. In conchology, a species of voluta, marked with reddish broad bands.

Cyc.

Spectrum

SPEC'TRUM, noun [Latin] A visible form; an image of something seen, continuing after the eyes are closed, covered or turned away. This is called an ocular spectrum.

Darwin.

Specular

SPEC'ULAR, adjective [Latin specularis, from speculum, a mirror, from specio, to see.]

1. Having the qualities of a mirror or looking glass; having a smooth reflecting surface; as a specular metal; a specular surface.

Newton.

2. Assisting sight. [Improper and not used.]

Philips.

3. Affording view.

Milton.

Speculate

SPEC'ULATE, verb intransitive [Latin speculor, to view, to contemplate, from specio, to see; French speculer; Italian speculare.]

1. To meditate; to contemplate; to consider a subject by turning it in the mind and viewing it in its different aspects and relations; as, to speculate on political events; to speculate on the probable results of a discovery.

Addison.

2. In commerce, to purchase land, goods, stock or other things, with the expectation of an advance in price, and of selling the articles with a profit by means of such advance; as, to speculate in coffee, or in sugar, or in six per cent stock, or in bank stock.

Speculate

SPEC'ULATE, verb transitive To consider attentively; as, to speculate the nature of a thing. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Speculation

SPECULA'TION, noun Examination by the eye; view. [Little used.]

2. Mental view of any thing in its various aspects and relations; contemplation; intellectual examination. The events of the day afford matter of serious speculation to the friends of christianity.

Thenceforth to speculations high or deep

I turn'd my thoughtsÃ‚--

Milton.

3. Train of thoughts formed by meditation.

From him Socrates derived the principles of morality and most part of his natural speculations.

Temple.

4. Mental scheme; theory; views of a subject not verified by fact or practice. This globe, which was formerly round only in speculation, has been circumnavigated. The application of steam to navigation is no longer a matter of mere speculation.

Speculations which originate in guilt, must end in ruin.

R. Hall.

5. Power of sight.

Thou hast no speculation in those eyes. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. In commerce, the act or practice of buying land or goods, &c. in expectation of a rise of price and of selling them at an advance, as distinguished from a regular trade, in which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in the place where the goods are purchased, and the place to which they are to be carried for market. In England, France and America, public stock is the subject of continual speculation. In the United States, a few men have been enriched, but many have been ruined by speculation.

Speculatist

SPEC'ULATIST, noun One who speculates or forms theories; a speculator.

Milner.

Speculative

SPEC'ULATIVE, adjective [French speculatif; Italian speculativo.]

1. Given to speculation; contemplative; applied to persons.

The mind of man being by nature speculativeÃ‚--

Hooker.

2. Formed by speculation; theoretical; ideal; not verified by fact, experiment or practice; as a scheme merely speculative.

3. Pertaining to view; also, prying.

Bacon.

Speculatively

SPEC'ULATIVELY, adverb In contemplation; with meditation.

2. Ideally; theoretically; in theory only, not in practice. Propositions seem often to be speculatively true, which experience does not verify.

Speculativeness

SPEC'ULATIVENESS, noun The state of being speculative, or of consisting in speculation only.

Speculator

SPEC'ULATOR, noun One who speculates or forms theories.

More.

2. An observer; a contemplator.

Brown.

3. A spy; a watcher.

Broome.

4. In commerce, one who buys goods, land or other thing, with the expectation of a rise of price, and of deriving profit from such advance.

Speculatory

SPEC'ULATORY, adjective Exercising speculation.

Johnson.

2. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying.

Warton.

Speculum

SPEC'ULUM, noun [Latin; German, Dutch spiegel; Swedish spegel, Danish spejl.] A mirror or looking glass.

2. A glass that reflects the images of objects.

3. A metallic reflector used in catadioptric telescopes.

4. In surgery, an instrument for dilating and keeping open certain parts of the body.

Coxe.

Sped

SPED, pret. and participle passive of speed.

Speech

SPEECH, noun [Saxon spoec. See Speak.] The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words, as in human beings; the faculty of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds. Speech was given to man by his Creator for the noblest purposes.

2. Language; words as expressing ideas.

The acts of God to human ears

Cannot without process of speech be told.

Milton.

3. A particular language, as distinct from others. Psalm 19.

4. That which is spoken; words uttered in connection and expressing thoughts. You smile at my speech.

5. Talk; mention; common saying.

The duke did of me demand,

What was the speech among the Londoners Concerning the French journey.

Shak.

6. Formal discourse in public; oration; harangue. The member has made his first speech in the legislature.

7. Any declaration of thoughts.

I, with leave of speech implor'd, repli'd.

Milton.

Speech

SPEECH, verb intransitive To make a speech; to harangue. [Little used.]

Speechless

SPEE'CHLESS, adjective Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech. More generally,

2. Mute; silent; not speaking for a time.

Speechless with wonder, and half dead with fear.

Addison.

Speechlessness

SPEE'CHLESSNESS, noun The state of being speechless; muteness.

Bacon.

Speech-Maker

SPEE'CH-MAKER, noun One who makes speeches; one who speaks much in a public assembly.

Speed

SPEED, verb intransitive pret. and pp. sped, speeded. [Saxon spedian, spoedan; Dutch spoeden; German spediren, to send; Greek. The Latin expedio may be from the same root, which signifies to drive, to hurry, of the family of Latin peto. Class Bd.]

1. To make haste; to move with celerity.

Shak.

2. To have success; to prosper; to succeed; that is, to advance in one's enterprise.

He that's once deni'd will hardly speed.

Shak.

Those that profaned and abused the second temple, sped no better.

South.

3. To have any condition good or ill; to fare.

Ships heretofore in seas like fishes sped,

The mightiest still upon the smallest fed.

Waller.

Speed

SPEED, verb transitive To dispatch; to send away in haste.

He sped him thence home to his habitation.

Fairfax.

2. To hasten; to hurry; to put in quick motion.

Ã‚--But sped his steps along the hoarse resounding shore.

Dryden.

3. To hasten to a conclusion; to execute; to dispatch; as, to speed judicial acts.

Ayliffe.

4. To assist; to help forward; to hasten.

Ã‚--With rising gales that sped their happy flight.

Dryden.

5. To prosper; to cause to succeed. May heaven speed this undertaking.

6. To furnish in haste.

7. To dispatch; to kill; to ruin; to destroy.

With a speeding thrust his heart he found.

Dryden.

A dire dilemma! either way I'm sped;

If foes, they write, if friends they read me dead.

Pope.

NOTE.Ã‚--In the phrase, ``God speed,' there is probably a gross mistake in considering it as equivalent to ``may God give you success.' The true phrase is probably ``good speed; good, in Saxon, being written god. I bid you or wish you good speed, that is, good success.

Speed

SPEED, noun Swiftness; quickness; celerity; applied to animals. We say, a man or a horse runs or travels with speed; a fowl flies with speed. We speak of the speed of a fish in the water, but we do not speak of the speed of a river, or of wind, or of a falling body. I think however I have seen the word applied to the lapse of time and the motion of lightning, but in poetry only.

2. Haste; dispatch; as, to perform a journey with speed; to execute an order with speed.

3. Rapid pace; as a horse of speed. We say also, high speed, full speed.

4. Success; prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue; that is, advance to the desired end.

O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this day. Genesis 24.

This use is retained in the proverb, ``to make more haste than good speed,' and in the Scriptural phrase, ``to bid one good speed,' [not God speed, as erroneously written.]

Speedily

SPEE'DILY, adverb Quickly; with haste; in a short time.

Send speedily to Bertram.

Dryden.

Speediness

SPEE'DINESS, noun The quality of being speedy; quickness; celerity; haste; dispatch.

Speedwell

SPEE'DWELL, noun A plant of the genus Veronica.

Speedy

SPEE'DY, adjective Quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in motion; as a speedy flight; on speedy foot.

Shak.

2. Quick in performance; not dilatory or slow; as a speedy dispatch of business.

Speet

SPEET, verb transitive [Dutch speeten; from the root of spit.] To stab. [Not in use.]

Speight

SPEIGHT, noun A woodpecker. [Not in use or local.]

Spelk

SPELK, noun [Saxon spelc.] A splinter; a small stick or rod used in thatching. [Local.]

Grose.

Spell

SPELL, noun [Saxon spel or spell, a story, narration, fable, speech, saying, fame, report, sudden rumor, a magic charm or song. Hence gospel, Saxon god-spell. In German spiel is play, sport; spielen, to play Dutch speelen, Swedish spela, Danish spiller. But this is a different application of the same action. The verb primarily signifies to throw or drive, and is probably formed on the root of Latin pello, Greek. See Peal and Appeal, and Class Bl. No. 1. Ethiopic In some of the applications of spell, we observe the sense of turn. We observe the same in throw, warp, cant, &c.]

1. A story; a tale. Obs.

Chaucer.

2. A charm consisting of some words of occult power.

Start not; her actions shall be holy;

You hear my spell is lawful.

Shak.

Begin, begin; the mystic spell prepare.

Milton.

3. A turn of work; relief; turn of duty. Take a spell at the pump.

Seamen.

Their toil is so extreme, that they cannot endure it above four hours in a day, but are succeeded by spells.

Carew.

4. In New England, a short time; a little time. [Not elegant.]

5. A turn of gratuitous labor, sometimes accompanied with presents. People give their neighbors a spell.

N. England.

Spell

SPELL, verb transitive pret. and pp. spelled or spelt.

[Saxon spellian, spelligan, to tell, to narrate, to discourse, which gives our sense of spell in reading letters; spelian, speligan, to take another's turn in labor; Dutch spellen, to spell, as words; French epeler.]

1. To tell or name the letters of a word, with a proper division of syllables, for the purpose of learning the pronunciation. In this manner children learn to read by first spelling the words.

2. To write or print with the proper letters; to form words by correct orthography.

The word satire ought to be spelled with i, and not with y.

Dryden.

3. To take another's place or turn temporarily in any labor or service. [This is a popular use of the word in New England.]

4. To charm; as spelled with words of power.

Dryden.

5. To read; to discover by characters or marks; with out; as, to spell out the sense of an author.

Milton.

We are not left to spell out a God in the works of creation.

South.

6. To tell; to relate; to teach. [Not in use.]

Warton.

Spell

SPELL, verb intransitive To form words with the proper letters, either in reading or writing. He knows not how to spell. Our orthography is so irregular that most persons never learn to spell.

2. To read.

Milton.

Spelled

SPELL'ED, or SPELT, pret. and participle passive of spell.

Speller

SPELL'ER, noun One that spells; one skilled in spelling.

Spelling

SPELL'ING, participle of the present tense Naming the letters of a word, or writing them; forming words with their proper letters.

2. Taking another's turn.

Spelling

SPELL'ING, noun The act of naming the letters of a word, or the act of writing or printing words with their proper letters.

2. Orthography; the manner of forming words with letters. Bad spelling is disreputable to a gentleman.

Spelling-Book

SPELL'ING-BOOK, noun A book for teaching children to spell and read.

Spelt

SPELT, noun [Saxon Dutch spelte; German spelz; Italian spelda, spelta.]

A species of grain of the genus Triticum; called also German wheat.

Encyc.

Spelt

SPELT, verb transitive [German spalten; Danish spilder.] To split. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

Spelter

SPEL'TER, noun [German, Dutch spiauter.] Common zink, which contains a portion of lead, copper, iron, a little arsenic, manganese and plumbago.

Webster's Manual.

Spence

SPENCE, n. spens. [Old French dispense.] A buttery; a larder; a place where provisions are kept. Obs.

Chaucer.

Spencer

SPEN'CER, noun One who has the care of the spence or buttery. Obs.

2. A kind of short coat.

Spend

SPEND, verb transitive pret. and pp. spent. [Saxon spendan; Swedish spendera; Danish spanderer; Italian spendere; Latin expendo, from the participle of which is French depenser; from the root of Latin pando, pendeo, the primary sense of which is to strain, to open or spread; allied to span, pane, &c. and probably to Greek, to pour out.]

1. To lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to spend money for clothing.

Why do ye spend money for that which is not bread? Isaiah 55.

2. To consume; to waste; to squander; as to spend an estate in gaming or other vices.

3. To consume; to exhaust. The provisions were spent, and the troops were in want.

4. To bestow for any purpose; often with on or upon. It is folly to spend words in debate on trifles.

5. To effuse. [Little used.]

Shak.

6. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away.

They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Job 13.

7. To lay out; to exert or to waste; as, to spend one's strength.

8. To exhaust of force; to waste; to wear away; as, a ball had spent its force. The violence of the waves was spent.

Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the ground.

Dryden.

9. To exhaust of strength; to harass; to fatigue.

Their bodies spent with long labor and thirstÃ‚--

Knolles.

Spend

SPEND, verb intransitive To make expense; to make disposition of money. He spends like a prudent man.

2. To be lost or wasted; to vanish; to be dissipated.

The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open air.

Bacon.

3. To prove in the use.

Ã‚--Butter spent as if it came from the richer soil.

Temple.

4. To be consumed. Candles spend fast in a current of air. Our provisions spend rapidly.

5. To be employed to any use.

The vines they use for wine are so often cut, that their sap spendeth into the grapes. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

Spender

SPEND'ER, noun One that spends; also, a prodigal; a lavisher.

Taylor. Bacon.

Spending

SPEND'ING, participle of the present tense Laying out; consuming; wasting; exhausting.

Spending

SPEND'ING, noun The act of laying out, expending, consuming or wasting.

Whitlock.

Spendthrift

SPEND'THRIFT, noun [spend and thrift.] One who spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal; one who lavishes his estate.

Dryden. Swift.

Sperable

SPE'RABLE, adjective [Latin sperabilis, from spero, to hope.] That may be hoped. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Sperm

SPERM, noun [French sperme; Latin sperma; Greek.]

1. Animal seed; that by which the species is propagated.

Bacon. Ray.

2. The head matter of a certain species of whale, called cachalot. It is called by the French blanc de baleine, the white of whales. It is found also in other parts of the body; but it is improperly named, not being a spermatic substance. Of this matter are made candles of a beautiful white color.

3. Spawn of fishes or frogs.

Spermaceti

SPERMACE'TI, noun [Latin sperma, sperm, and cetus, a whale. It is pronounced as it is written.] The same as sperm.

Spermatic

SPERMAT'IC, adjective Consisting of seed; seminal.

More.

2. Pertaining to the semen, or conveying it; as spermatic vessels.

Ray. Coxe.

Spermatize

SPERM'ATIZE, verb intransitive To yield seed. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Spermatocele

SPERMAT'OCELE, noun [Greek, seed, and, tumor.]

A swelling of the spermatic vessels, or vessels of the testicles.

Coxe.

Sperse

SPERSE, verb transitive To disperse. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Spet

SPET, verb transitive To spit; to throw out. [Not used.]

Spet

SPET, noun Spittle, or a flow. [Not in use.]

Spew

SPEW, verb transitive [Saxon spiwan; Dutch spuwen, spuigen; German speien, contracted from speichen; Swedish spy; Danish spyer; Latin spuo.]

1. To vomit; to puke; to eject from the stomach.

2. To eject; to cast forth.

3. To cast out with abhorrence. Leviticus 18.

Spew

SPEW, verb intransitive To vomit; to discharge the contents of the stomach.

B. Jonson.

Spewed

SPEW'ED, participle passive Vomited; ejected.

Spewer

SPEW'ER, noun One who spews.

Spewing

SPEW'ING, participle of the present tense Vomiting; ejecting from the stomach.

Spewing

SPEW'ING, noun The act of vomiting.

Spewy

SPEW'Y, adjective Wet; foggy. [Local.]

Mortimer.

Sphacelate

SPHAC'ELATE, verb intransitive [See Sphacelus.]

1. To mortify; to become gangrenous; as flesh.

2. To decay or become carious, as a bone.

Sphacelate

SPHAC'ELATE, verb transitive To affect with gangrene.

Sharp.

Sphacelation

SPHACELA'TION, noun The process of becoming or making gangrenous; mortification.

Med. Repos.

Sphacelus

SPHAC'ELUS, noun [Greek, from, to kill.]

1. In medicine and surgery, gangrene; mortification of the flesh of a living animal.

2. Caries or decay of a bone.

Coxe.

Sphagnous

SPHAG'NOUS, adjective [sphagnum, bog-moss. Linne.] Pertaining to bog-moss; mossy.

Bigelow.

Sphene

SPHENE, noun [Greek, a wedge.] A mineral composed of nearly equal parts of oxyd of titanium, silex and lime. Its colors are commonly grayish, yellowish, reddish and blackish brown, and various shades of green. It is found amorphous and in crystals.

Phillips. Encyc.

Sphenoid

SPHENOID, or SPHENOID'AL, adjective [Greek, a wedge, and, form.] Resembling a wedge.

The sphenoid bone, is the pterygoid bone of the basis of the skull.

Coxe.

Sphere

SPHERE, noun [French from Latin sphoera, Greek, whence Italian sfera, Spanish esfera, German sphÃƒ-¤re.]

1. In geometry, a solid body contained under a single surface, which in every part is equally distant from a point called its center. The earth is not an exact sphere. The sun appears to be a sphere.

2. An orb or globe of the mundane system.

First the sun, a mighty sphere, he fram'd.

Milton.

Then mortal ears

Had heard the music of the spheres.

Dryden.

3. An orbicular body, or a circular figure representing the earth or apparent heavens.

Dryden.

4. Circuit of motion; revolution; orbit; as the diurnal sphere.

Milton.

5. The concave or vast orbicular expanse in which the heavenly orbs appear.

6. Circuit of action, knowledge or influence; compass; province; employment. Every man has his particular sphere of action, in which it should be his ambition to excel. Events of this kind have repeatedly fallen within the sphere of my knowledge. This man treats of matters not within his sphere.

6. Rank; order of society. Persons moving in a higher sphere claim more deference.

Sphere of activity of a body, the whole space or extent reached by the effluvia emitted from it.

Encyc.

A right sphere, that aspect of the heavens in which the circles of daily motion of the heavenly bodies, are perpendicular to the horizon. A spectator at the equator views a right sphere.

A parallel sphere, that in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon. A spectator at either of the poles, would view a parallel sphere.

An oblique sphere, that in which the circles of daily motion are oblique to the horizon, as is the case to a spectator at any point between the equator and either pole.

Armillary sphere, an artificial representation of the circles of the sphere, by means of brass rings.

Sphere

SPHERE, verb transitive To place in a sphere.

The glorious planet Sol

In noble eminence enthron'd, and spher'd

Amidst the rest. [Unusual.]

Shak.

2. To form into roundness; as light sphered in a radiant cloud.

Milton.

Spheric

SPHER'IC, or SPHER'ICAL, adjective [Italian sferico; French spherique; Latin sphoericus.]

1. Globular; orbicular; having a surface in every part equally distant from the center; as a spherical body. Drops of water take a spherical form.

2. Planetary; relating to the orbs of the planets.

We make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon and the stars, as if we were villains by spherical predominance.

Shak.

Spherical geometry, that branch of geometry which treats of spherical magnitudes.

Spherical triangle, a triangle formed by the mutual intersection of three great circles of the sphere.

Spherical trigonometry, that branch of trigonometry which teaches to compute the sides and angles of spherical triangles.

Spherically

SPHER'ICALLY, adverb In the form of a sphere.

Sphericalness

SPHER'ICALNESS, or SPHERIC'ITY, noun The state or quality of being orbicular or spherical; roundness; as the sphericity of a drop of water.

Spherics

SPHER'ICS, noun The doctrine of the sphere.

Spheroid

SPHEROID', noun [sphere and Greek, form.]

A body or figure approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical. A spheroid is oblate or prolate. The earth is found to be an oblate spheroid, that is, flatted at the poles, whereas some astronomers formerly supposed it to be prolate or oblong.

Spheroidal

SPHEROID'AL, or SPHEROID'IC, or SPHEROID'ICAL, adjective Having the form of a spheroid.

Cheyne.

2. In crystalography, bounded by several convex faces.

Spheroidity

SPHEROID'ITY, noun The state or quality of being spheroidal.

Spherosiderite

SPHEROSID'ERITE, noun A substance found in the basaltic compact lava of Steinheim; called also glass lava or hyatite.

Spherule

SPHER'ULE, noun [Latin sphoerula.] A little sphere or spherical body. Mercury or quicksilver when poured upon a plane, divides itself into a great number of minute spherules.

Spherulite

SPHER'ULITE, noun A variety of obsidian or pearl-stone, found in rounded grains.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Sphery

SPHE'RY, adjective Belonging to the sphere.

Milton.

2. Round; spherical.

Shak.

Sphincter

SPHINC'TER, noun [from Greek, to constrain, to draw close.]

In anatomy, a muscle that contracts or shuts; as the sphincter labiorum; sphincter vesicae.

Coxe.

Sphinx

SPHINX, noun [Greek; Latin sphinx.] A famous monster in Egypt, having the body of a lion and the face of a young woman.

Peacham.

2. In entomology, the hawk-moth, a genus of insects.

Sphragid

SPHRAG'ID, noun A species of ocherous clay which falls to pieces in water with the emission of many bubbles; called also earth of Lemnos.

Spial

SPIAL, noun A spy; a scout. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Spicate

SPI'CATE, adjective [Latin spicatus, from spica, a spike.] Having a spike or ear.

Lee.

Spice

SPICE, noun [French epice; Italian spezie; Spanish especia.]

1. A vegetable production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell and pungent to the taste; used in sauces and in cookery.

2. A small quantity; something that enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of a thing.

3. A sample. [French espece.]

Spice

SPICE, verb transitive To season with spice; to mix aromatic substances with; as, to spice wine.

2. To tincture; as the spiced Indian air.

Shak.

3. To render nice; to season with scruples.

Chaucer.

Spiced

SPI'CED, participle passive Seasoned with spice.

Spicer

SPI'CER, noun One that seasons with spice.

2. One that deals in spice.

Camden.

Spicery

SPI'CERY, noun [French epiceries.] Spices in general; fragrant and aromatic vegetable substances used in seasoning.

2. A repository of spices.

Addison.

Spick and span, bright; shining; as a garment spick and span new, or span-new. Spick is from the root of the Italian spicco, brightness; spiccare, to shine; spiccar le parole, to speak distinctly; spicciare, to rush out, the radical sense of which is to shoot or dart. Span is probably from the root of spangle, Greek, German spiegel, a mirror.

Spicknel

SPICK'NEL, or SPIG'NEL, noun The herb maldmony or bear wort, (Dict.) the Athamanta Meum (Parr.) AEthusa Meum (Lee.)

Spicosity

SPICOS'ITY, noun [Latin spica.] The state of having or being full of ears, like corn. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Spicular

SPIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin spiculum, a dart.] Resembling a dart; having sharp points.

Spiculate

SPIC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin spiculo, to sharpen, from spiculum, a dart, from spica, or its root. See Spike.] To sharpen to a point.

Mason.

Spicy

SPI'CY, adjective [from spice.] Producing spice; abounding with spices; as the spicy shore of Arabia.

Milton.

2. Having the qualities of spice; fragrant; aromatic; as spicy plants.

Led by new stars and borne by spicy gales.

Pope.

Spider

SPI'DER, noun [I know not from what source this word is derived.]

The common name of the insects of the genus Aranea, remarkable for spinning webs for taking their prey and forming a convenient habitation, and for the deposit of their food.

The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine!

Pope.

Spider-Catcher

SPI'DER-CATCHER, noun A bird so called.

Spiderlike

SPI'DERLIKE, adjective Resembling a spider.

Shak.

Spiderwort

SPI'DERWORT, noun A plant of the genus Anthericum.

Spignel

SPIG'NEL. [See Spicknel.]

Spigot

SPIG'OT, noun [Welsh yspigawd, from yspig, spike; from pig, pike; Danish spiger, a nail. See Spike and Pike.]

A pin or peg used to stop a faucet, or to stop a small hole in a cask of liquor.

Swift.

Spike

SPIKE, noun [Welsh yspig, supra; Dutch spyk, spyker; German speiche; Danish spiger, Swedish spik, a nail; Latin spica, an ear of corn. It signifies a shoot or point. Class Bg. See Pike.]

1. A large nail; always in America applied to a nail or pin of metal. A similar thing made of wood is called a peg or pin. In England, it is sometimes used for a sharp point of wood.

2. An ear of corn or grain. It is applied to the heads of wheat, rye and barley; and is particularly applicable to the ears of maiz.

3. A shoot.

Addison.

4. [Latin spica.] In botany, a species of inflorescence, in which sessile flowers are alternate on a common simple peduncle, as in wheat and rye, lavender, &c.

Martyn.

Spike

SPIKE, noun A smaller species of lavender.

Hill.

Spike

SPIKE, verb transitive To fasten with spikes or long and large nails; as, to spike down the planks of a floor or bridge.

2. To set with spikes.

A youth leaping over the spiked palesÃ‚--was caught by the spikes. [Unusual.]

Wiseman.

3. To stop the vent with spikes; as, to spike cannon.

Spiked

SPI'KED, participle passive Furnished with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes; stopped with spikes.

Spike-Lavender

SPIKE-LAVENDER, noun The Lavandula spica.

Ed. Encyc.

Spikelet

SPI'KELET, noun In botany, a small spike of a large one; or a subdivision of a spike.

Barton.

Spikenard

SPIKENARD, n. spik'nard, [Latin spica nardi.]

1. A plant of the genus Nardus.

2. The oil or balsam procured from the spikenard.

Spiking

SPI'KING, participle of the present tense Fastening with spikes; stopping with large nails.

Spiky

SPI'KY, adjective Having a sharp point.

Dyer.

Spile

SPILE, noun [Dutch spil, a pivot, a spindle; German spille; Irish spile; Welsh ebill; from the root of Latin pilus, pilum, &c.]

1. A small peg or wooden pin, used to stop a hole.

2. A stake driven into the ground to protect a bank, &c.

Spill

SPILL, noun [a different orthography of spile, supra.]

1. A small peg or pin for stopping a cask; as a vent hole stopped with a spill.

Mortimer.

2. A little bar or pin of iron.

Carew.

3. A little sum of money. [Not in use.]

Ayliffe.

Spill

SPILL, verb transitive pret. spilled or spilt; pp. id. [Saxon spillan; Dutch German spillen; Swedish spilla; Danish spilder.]

1. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose or suffer to be scattered; applied only to fluids and to substances whose particles are small and loose. Thus we spill water from a pail; we spill spirit or oil from a bottle; we spill quicksilver or powders from a vessel or a paper; we spill sand or flour.

2. To suffer to be shed; as, a man spills his own blood.

3. To cause to flow out or lose; to shed; as, a man spills another's blood. [This is applied to cases of murder or other homicide, but not to venesection. In the latter case we say, to let or take blood.]

And to revenge his blood so justly spiltÃ‚--

Dryden.

4. To mischief; to destroy; as, to spill the mind or soul; to spill glory; to spill forms, &c. [This application is obsolete and now improper.]

5. To throw away.

Tickel.

6. In seamen's language, to discharge the wind out of the cavity or belly of a sail.

Mar. Dict.

Spill

SPILL, verb intransitive To waste; to be prodigal. [Not in use.]

2. To be shed; to be suffered to fall, be lost or wasted.

He was so topfull of himself, that he let it spill on all the company.

Watts.

Spilled

SPILL'ED, participle passive Suffered to fall, as liquids; shed.

Spiller

SPILL'ER, noun One that spills or sheds.

2. A kind of fishing line.

Carew.

Spilling

SPILL'ING, participle of the present tense Suffering to fall or run out, as liquids; shedding.

Spilling-lines, in a ship, are ropes for furling more conveniently the square sails.

Mar. Dict.

Spilt

SPILT, pret. and participle passive of spill.

Spilth

SPILTH, noun [from spill.] Any thing spilt. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Spin

SPIN, verb transitive pret. and pp. spun. Span is not used. [Saxon Gothic spinnan; Dutch German spinnen; Danish spinder; Swedish spinna. If the sense is to draw out or extend, this coincides in origin with span.]

1. To draw out and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton or flax; to spin goats' hair.

All the yarn which Penelope spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill Ithaca with moths.

Shak.

2. To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process or by degrees; with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject.

3. To extend to a great length; as, to spin out a subject.

4. To draw out; to protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness.

By one delay after another, they spin out their whole lives.

L'Estrange.

5. To whirl with a thread; to turn or cause to whirl; as, to spin a top.

6. To draw out from the stomach in a filament; as, a spider spins a web.

To spin hay, in military language, is to twist it into ropes for convenient carriage on an expedition.

Spin

SPIN, verb intransitive To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; as, the woman knows how to spin.

They neither know to spin, nor care to toil.

Prior.

2. To perform the act of drawing and twisting threads; as, a machine or jenny spins with great exactness.

3. To move round rapidly; to whirl; as a top or a spindle.

4. To stream or issue in a thread or small current; as, blood spins from a vein.

Drayton.

Spinach

SPIN'ACH, or SPIN'AGE, noun [Latin spinacia; Italian spinace; Spanish espinaca; French epinards; Dutch spinagie; German spinat; Pers. spanach.] A plant of the genus Spinacia.

Spinal

SPI'NAL, adjective [See Spine.] Pertaining to the spine or back bone of an animal; as the spinal marrow; spinal muscles; spinal arteries.

Arbuthnot. Encyc.

Spindle

SPIN'DLE, noun [from spin; Saxon Danish spindel.]

1. The pin used in spinning wheels for twisting the thread, and on which the thread when twisted, is wound.

Bacon.

2. A slender pointed rod or pin on which any thing turns; as the spindle of a vane.

3. The fusee of a watch.

4. A long slender stalk.

Mortimer.

5. The lower end of a capstan, shod with iron; the pivot.

Mar. Dict.

Spindle

SPIN'DLE, verb intransitive To shoot or grow in a long slender stalk or body.

Bacon. Mortimer.

Spindle-Legs

SPIN'DLE-LEGS, or SPIN'DLE-SHANKS, noun A tall slender person; in contempt.

Spindle-Shanked

SPIN'DLE-SHANKED, adjective Having long slender legs.

Spindle-Shaped

SPIN'DLE-SHAPED, adjective Having the shape of a spindle; fusiform.

Martyn.

Spindle-Tree

SPIN'DLE-TREE, noun A plant, prick-wood, of the genus Euonymus.

Spine

SPINE, noun [Latin Italian spina; French epine; Spanish espinazo; Welsh yspin, from pin.]

1. The back bone of an animal.

Coxe.

2. The shin of the leg.

Coxe.

3. A thorn; a sharp process from the woody part of a plant. It differs from a prickle, which proceeds from the bark. A spine sometimes terminates a branch or a leaf, and sometimes is axillary, growing at the angle formed by the branch or leaf with the stem. The wild apple and pear are armed with thorns; the rose, bramble, gooseberry, &c. are armed with prickles.

Martyn.

Spinel

SPI'NEL, or SPINELLE, noun [Italian spinella.] The spinelle ruby, says HaÃƒ-¼y, is the true ruby, a gem of a red color, blended with tints of blue or yellow. It is in grains more or less crystalized.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Phillips.

A subspecies of octahedral corundum.

Jameson.

Spinellane

SPINELLANE, noun A mineral occuring in small crystaline masses and in minute crystals. It has been found only near the lake of Laach.

Phillips.

Spinescent

SPINES'CENT, adjective [from spine.] Becoming hard and thorny.

Martyn.

Spinet

SPIN'ET, noun [Italian spinetta; French epinette; Spanish espineta.]

An instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but smaller; a virginal; a clavichord.

Spinet

SPIN'ET, noun [Latin spinetum.] A small wood or place where briars and thorns grow. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Spiniferous

SPINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin spina, spine, and fero, to bear.] Producing spines; bearing thorns.

Spink

SPINK, noun A bird; a finch.

Harte.

Spinner

SPIN'NER, noun One that spins; one skilled in spinning.

2. A spider.

Shak.

Spinning

SPIN'NING, participle of the present tense Drawing out and twisting into threads; drawing out; delaying.

Spinning

SPIN'NING, noun The act, practice or art of drawing out and twisting into threads, as wool, flax and cotton.

2. The act or practice of forming webs, as spiders.

Spinning-Jenny

SPIN'NING-JENNY, noun An engine or complicated machine for spinning wool or cotton, in the manufacture of cloth.

Spinning-Wheel

SPIN'NING-WHEEL, noun A wheel for spinning wool, cotton or flax into threads.

Gay.

Spinolet

SPIN'OLET, noun A small bird of the lark kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Spinosity

SPINOS'ITY, noun The state of being spiny or thorny; crabbedness.

Glanville.

Spinous

SPI'NOUS, adjective [Latin spinosus, from spina.] Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny.

Martyn.

Spinozism

SPI'NOZISM, noun The doctrines or principles of Spinoza, a native of Amsterdam, consisting in atheism and pantheism, or naturalism and hulotheism, which allows of no God but nature or the universe.

Spinster

SPIN'STER, noun [spin and ster.] A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin. Hence,

2. In law, the common title by which a woman without rank or distinction is designated.

If a gentlewoman is termed a spinster, she may abate the writ.

Coke.

Spinstry

SPIN'STRY, noun The business of spinning.

Milton.

Spinthere

SPIN'THERE, noun A mineral of a greenish gray color.

Ure.

Spiny

SPI'NY, adjective [from spine.] Full of spines; thorny; as a spiny tree.

2. Perplexed; difficult; troublesome.

Digby.

Spiracle

SPIR'ACLE, noun [Latin spiraculum, from spiro, to breathe.]

1. A small aperture in animal and vegetable bodies, by which air or other fluid is exhaled or inhaled; a small hole, orifice or vent; a pore; a minute passage; as the spiracles of the human skin.

2. Any small aperture, hole or vent.

Woodward.

Spiral

SPI'RAL, adjective [Italian spirale; French spiral; from Latin spira, a spire.]

Winding round a cylinder or other round body, or in a circular form, and at the same time rising or advancing forward; winding like a serew. The magnificent column in the Place Vendome, at Paris, is divided by a spiral line into compartments. It is formed with spiral compartments, on which are engraved figures emblematical of the victories of the French armies. A whirlwind is so named from the spiral motion of the air. Water in a tunnel descends in a spiral form.

Spirally

SPI'RALLY, adverb In a spiral form or direction; in the manner of a screw.

Ray.

Spiration

SPIRA'TION, noun [Latin spiratio.] A breathing. [Not used.]

Barrow.

Spire

SPIRE, noun [Latin spira; Greek; Spanish espira; from the root of Latin spiro, to breathe. The primary sense of the root is to throw, to drive, to send, but it implies a winding motion, like throw, warp, and many others.]

1. A winding line like the threads of a screw; any thing wreathed or contorted; a curl; a twist; a wreath.

His neck erect amidst his circling spires.

Milton.

A dragon's fiery form belied the god;

Sublime on radiant spires he rode.

Dryden.

2. A body that shoots up to a point; a tapering body; a round pyramid or pyramidical body; a steeple.

With glist'ring spires and pinnacles adorn'd.

Milton.

3. A stalk or blade of grass or other plant. How humble ought man to be, who cannot make a single spire of grass.

4. The top or uppermost point of a thing.

Shak.

Spire

SPIRE, verb intransitive To shoot; to shoot up pyramidically.

Mortimer.

2. To breathe. [Not in use.]

3. To sprout, as grain in malting.

Spired

SPI'RED, adjective Having a spire.

Mason.

Spirit

SPIR'IT, noun [French esprit; Italian spirito; Spanish espiritu; Latin spiritus, from spiro, to breathe, to blow. The primary sense is to rush or drive.]

1. Primarily, wind; air in motion; hence, breath.

All bodies have spirits and pneumatical parts within them.

Bacon.

[This sense is now unusual.]

2. Animal excitement, or the effect of it; life; ardor; fire; courage; elevation or vehemence of mind. The troops attacked the enemy with great spirit. The young man has the spirit of youth. He speaks or acts with spirit. Spirits, in the plural, is used in nearly a like sense. The troops began to recover their spirits.

Swift.

3. Vigor of intellect; genius.

His wit, his beauty and his spirit.

Butler.

The noblest spirit or genius cannot deserve enough of mankind to pretend to the esteem of heroic virtue.

Temple.

4. Temper; disposition of mind, habitual or temporary; as a man of a generous spirit, or of a revengeful spirit, the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit.

Let us go to the house of God in the spirit of prayer.

Bickersteth.

5. The soul of man; the intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of human beings. [See Soul.]

The spirit shall return to God that gave it. Ecclesiastes 12.

6. An immaterial intelligent substance.

Spirit is a substance in which thinking, knowing, doubting, and a power of moving do subsist.

Locke.

Hence,

7. An immaterial intelligent being.

By which he went and preached to the spirits in prison. 1 Peter 3.

God is a spirit. John 4.

8. Turn of mind; temper; occasional state of the mind.

A perfect judge will read each work of wit,

With the same spirit that its author writ.

Pope.

9. Powers of mind distinct from the body.

In spirit perhaps he also saw

Rich Mexico, the seat of Montezume.

Milton.

10. Sentiment; perception.

Your spirit is too true, your fears too certain.

Shak.

11. Eager desire; disposition of mind excited and directed to a particular object.

God has made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling down.

South.

12. A person of activity; a man of life, vigor or enterprise.

The watery kingdom is no bar

To stop the foreign spirits, but they come.

Shak.

13. Persons distinguished by qualities of the mind.

Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my judges.

Dryden.

14. Excitement of mind; animation; cheerfulness; usually in the plural. We found our friend in very good spirits. He has a great flow of spirits.

Ã‚--To sing thy praise, would heaven my breath prolong,

Infusing spirits worthy such a song.

Dryden.

15. Life or strength of resemblance; essential qualities; as, to set off the face in its true spirit. The copy has not the spirit of the original.

Wotton.

16. Something eminently pure and refined.

Nor doth the eye itself,

That most pure spirit of sense, behold itself.

Shak.

17. That which hath power or energy; the quality of any substance which manifests life, activity, or the power of strongly affecting other bodies; as the spirit of wine or of any liquor.

18. A strong, pungent or stimulating liquor, usually obtained by distillation, as rum, brandy, gin, whiskey. In America, spirit, used without other words explanatory of its meaning, signifies the liquor distilled from cane-juice, or rum. We say, new spirit, or old spirit, Jamaica spirit, &c.

19. An apparition; a ghost.

20. The renewed nature of man. Matthew 26. Galatians 5.

21. The influences of the Holy Spirit. Matthew 22.

Holy Spirit, the third person in the Trinity.

Spirit

SPIR'IT, verb transitive To animate; to actuate; as a spirit.

So talk'd the spirited sly snake.

Milton.

[Little used.]

2. To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; as, civil dissensions spirit the ambition of private men.

Swift.

It is sometimes followed by up; as, to spirit up.

Middleton.

3. To kidnap.

Blackstone.

To spirit away, to entice or seduce.

Spiritally

SPIR'ITALLY, adverb By means of the breath. [Not in use.]

Holder.

Spirited

SPIR'ITED, participle passive Animated; encouraged; incited.

2. adjective Animated; full of life; lively; full of spirit or fire; as a spirited address or oration; a spirited answer. It is used in composition, noting the state of the mind; as in high-spirited, low-spirited, mean-spirited.

Spiritedly

SPIR'ITEDLY, adverb In a lively manner; with spirit; with strength; with animation.

Spiritedness

SPIR'ITEDNESS, noun Life; animation.

2. Disposition or make of mind; used in compounds; as high-spiritedness, low-spiritedness, mean-spiritedness, narrow-spiritedness.

Spiritful

SPIR'ITFUL, adjective Lively; full of spirit. [Not used.]

Ash.

Spiritfully

SPIR'ITFULLY, adverb In a lively manner. [Not used.]

Spiritfulness

SPIR'ITFULNESS, noun Liveliness; sprightliness. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Spiritless

SPIR'ITLESS, adjective Destitute of spirits; wanting animation; wanting cheerfulness; dejected; depressed.

2. Destitute of vigor; wanting life, courage or fire; as a spiritless slave.

A man so faint, so spiritless,

So dull, so dead in lookÃ‚--

Shak.

3. Having no breath; extinct; dead.

Greenhill.

Spiritlessly

SPIR'ITLESSLY, adverb Without spirit; without exertion.

More.

Spiritlessness

SPIR'ITLESSNESS, noun Dullness; want of life or vigor.

Spiritous

SPIR'ITOUS, adjective Like spirit; refined; defecated; pure.

More refin'd, more spiritous and pure.

Milton.

2. Fine; ardent; active.

Smith.

Spiritousness

SPIR'ITOUSNESS, noun A refined state; fineness and activity of parts; as the thinness and spiritousness of liquor.

Boyle.

Spiritual

SPIR'ITUAL, adjective [French spirituel; Italian spirituale; Latin spiritualis.]

1. Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as a spiritual substance or being. The soul of man is spiritual.

2. Mental; intellectual; as spiritual armor.

Milton.

3. Not gross; refined from external things; not sensual; relative to mind only; as a spiritual and refined religion.

Calamy.

4. Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things; ecclesiastical; as the spiritual functions of the clergy; the lords spiritual and temporal; a spiritual corporation.

5. Pertaining to spirit or to the affections; pure; holy.

God's law is spiritual; it is a transcript of the divine nature, and extends its authority to the acts of the soul of man.

Brown.

6. Pertaining to the renewed nature of man; as spiritual life.

7. Not fleshly; not material; as spiritual sacrifices. 1 Peter 2.

8. Pertaining to divine things; as spiritual songs. Ephesians 5.

Spiritual court, an ecclesiastical court; a court held by a bishop or other ecclesiastic.

Spirituality

SPIRITUAL'ITY, noun Essence distinct from matter; immateriality.

If this light be not spiritual, it approacheth nearest to spirituality.

Raleigh.

2. Intellectual nature; as the spirituality of the soul.

South.

3. Spiritual nature; the quality which respects the spirit or affections of the heart only, and the essence of true religion; as the spirituality of God's law.

4. Spiritual exercises and holy affections.

Much of our spirituality and comfort in public worship depend on the state of mind in which we come.

Bickersteth.

5. That which belongs to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religion; as distinct from temporalities.

During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop is guardian of the spiritualities thereof.

Blackstone.

6. An ecclesiastical body. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Spiritualization

SPIRITUALIZA'TION, noun The act of spiritualizing. In chimistry, the operation of extracting spirit from natural bodies.

Encyc.

Spiritualize

SPIR'ITUALIZE, verb intransitive [French spiritualiser, to extract spirit from mixed bodies.]

1. To refine the intellect; to purify from the feculences of the world; as, to spiritualize the soul.

Hammond.

2. In chimistry, to extract spirit from natural bodies.

3. To convert to a spiritual meaning.

Spiritually

SPIR'ITUALLY, adverb Without corporeal grossness or sensuality; in a manner conformed to the spirit of true religion; with purity of spirit or heart.

Spiritually minded, under the influence of the Holy Spirit or of holy principles; having the affections refined and elevated above sensual objects, and placed on God and his law. Romans 8.

Spiritually discerned, known, not by carnal reason, but by the peculiar illumination of the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthians 2.

Spirituous

SPIR'ITUOUS, adjective [French spiritueux.] Containing spirit; consisting of refined spirit; ardent; as spirituous liquors. [This might well be written spiritous.]

2. Having the quality of spirit; fine; pure; active; as the spirituous part of a plant.

Arbuthnot.

3. Lively; gay; vivid; airy. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Spirituousness

SPIR'ITUOUSNESS, noun The quality of being spirituous; ardor; heat; stimulating quality; as the spirituousness of liquors.

2. Life; tenuity; activity.

Spirt

SPIRT. [See Spurt, the more correct orthography.]

Spiry

SPI'RY, adjective [from spire.] Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; as the spiry volumes of a serpent.

Dryden.

2. Having the form of a pyramid; pyramidical; as spiry turrets.

Pope.

Spiss

SPISS, adjective [Latin spissus.] Thick; close; dense. [Not in use.]

Spissitude

SPISS'ITUDE, noun [supra.] Thickness of soft substances; the denseness or compactness which belongs to substances not perfectly liquid nor perfectly solid; as the spissitude of coagulated blood or of any coagulum.

Spit

SPIT, noun [Saxon spitu; Dutch spit; German spiess; Swedish spett; Danish spid; Italian spiedo; Icelandic spiet, a spear. It belongs to Class Bd, and is from thrusting, shooting.]

1. An iron prong or bar pointed, on which meat is roasted.

2. Such a depth of earth as is pierced by the spade at once. [Dutch spit, a spade.]

Mortimer.

3. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as a spit of sand.

Spit

SPIT, verb transitive [from the noun.] To thrust a spit through; to put upon a spit; as, to spit a loin of veal.

2. To thrust through; to pierce.

Dryden.

Spit

SPIT, verb transitive pret. and pp. spit. Spat is obsolete. [Saxon spittan; Swedish spotta; Danish spytter; German spÃƒ-¼tzen. The sense is to throw or drive. Class Bd.]

1. To eject from the mouth; to thrust out, as saliva or other matter from the mouth.

2. To eject or throw out with violence.

Spit

SPIT, verb intransitive To throw out saliva from the mouth. It is a dirty trick to spit on the floor or carpet.

Spit

SPIT, noun [Danish spyt.] What is ejected from the mouth; saliva.

Spital

SPIT'AL, or SPIT'TEL, noun corrupted from hospital. "Rob not the spital," or charitable foundation.

Johnson.

[Vulgar and not in use.]

Spitchcock

SPITCH'COCK, verb transitive To split an eel lengthwise and broil it.

King.

Spitchcock

SPITCH'COCK, noun An eel split and broiled.

Decker.

Spite

SPITE, noun [Dutch spyt, spite, vexation; Irish spid. The French has depit, Norm. despite. The Italian dispetto, and Spanish despecho, seem to be from the Latin despectus; but spite seems to be from a different root.]

Hatred; rancor; malice; malignity; malevolence.

Johnson.

Spite, however, is not always synonymous with these words. It often denotes a less deliberate and fixed hatred than malice and malignity, and is often a sudden fit of ill will excited by temporary vexation. It is the effect of extreme irritation, and is accompanied with a desire of revenge, or at least a desire to vex the object of ill will.

Be gone, ye critics, and restrain your spite;

Codrus writes on, and will for ever write.

Pope.

In spite of, in opposition to all efforts; in defiance or contempt of. Sometimes spite of is used without in, but not elegantly. It is often used without expressing any malignity of meaning.

Ã‚--Whom God made use of to speak a word in season, and saved me in spite of the world, the devil and myself.

South.

In spite of all applications, the patient grew worse every day.

Arbuthnot.

To owe one a spite, to entertain a temporary hatred for something.

Spite

SPITE, verb transitive To be angry or vexed at.

2. To mischief; to vex; to treat maliciously; to thwart.

Shak.

3. To fill with spite or vexation; to offend; to vex.

Darius, spited at the Magi, endeavored to abolish not only their learning but their language. [Not used.]

Temple.

Spited

SPI'TED, participle passive Hated; vexed.

Spiteful

SPI'TEFUL, adjective Filled with spite; having a desire to vex, annoy or injure; malignant; malicious.

Ã‚--A wayward son,

Spiteful and wrathful.

Shak.

Spitefully

SPI'TEFULLY, adverb With a desire to vex, annoy or injure; malignantly; maliciously.

Swift.

Spitefulness

SPI'TEFULNESS, noun The desire to vex, annoy or mischief, proceeding from irritation; malice; malignity.

It looks more like spitefulness and ill nature, than a diligent search after truth.

Keil.

Spitted

SPIT'TED, participle passive [from spit.] Put upon a spit.

2. Shot out into length.

Bacon.

Spitter

SPIT'TER, noun One that puts meat on a spit.

2. One who ejects saliva from his mouth.

3. A young deer whose horns begin to shoot or become sharp; a brocket or pricket.

Encyc.

Spitting

SPIT'TING, participle of the present tense Putting on a spit.

2. Ejecting saliva from the mouth.

Spittle

SPIT'TLE, noun [from spit.] Saliva; the thick moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands and ejected from the mouth.

2. A small sort of spade. [spaddle.]

Spittle

SPIT'TLE, [See Spital.]

Spittle

SPIT'TLE, verb transitive To dig or stir with a small spade. [Local.]

Spitvenom

SPIT'VENOM, noun [spit and venom.] Poison ejected from the mouth.

Hooker.

Splanchnology

SPLANCHNOL'OGY, noun [Greek, bowels, and, discourse.]

1. The doctrine of the viscera; or a treatise or description of the viscera.

Hooper.

2. The doctrine of diseases of the internal parts of the body.

Coxe.

Splash

SPLASH, verb transitive [formed on plash.] To spatter with water, or with water and mud.

Splash

SPLASH, verb intransitive To strike and dash about water.

Splash

SPLASH, noun Water or water and dirt thrown upon any thing, or thrown from a puddle and the like.

Splashy

SPLASH'Y, adjective Full of dirty water; wet; wet and muddy.

Splay

SPLAY, verb transitive [See Display.] To dislocate or break a horse's shoulder bone.

Johnson.

2. To spread. [Little used.]

Mease.

Splay

SPLAY, for display. [Not in use.]

Splay

SPLAY, adjective Displayed; spread; turned outward.

Sidney.

Splayfoot

SPLA'YFOOT, or SPLA'YFOOTED, adjective Having the foot turned outward; having a wide foot.

Pope.

Splay Mouth

SPLA'Y MOUTH, noun A wide mouth; a mouth stretched by design.

Spleen

SPLEEN, noun [Latin splen; Greek.] The milt; a soft part of the viscera of animals, whose use is not well understood. The ancients supposed this to be the seat of melancholy, anger or vexation. Hence,

2. Anger; latent spite; ill humor. Thus we say, to vent one's spleen.

In noble minds some dregs remain,

Not yet purged off, of spleen and sour disdain.

Pope.

3. A fit of anger.

Shak.

4. A fit; a sudden motion. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.

Ã‚--Bodies chang'd to recent forms by spleen.

Pope.

6. Immoderate merriment. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Spleened

SPLEE'NED, adjective Deprived of the spleen.

Arbuthnot.

Spleenful

SPLEE'NFUL, adjective Angry; peevish; fretful.

Myself have calm'd their spleenful mutiny.

Shak.

2. Melancholy; hypochondriacal.

Pope.

Spleenless

SPLEE'NLESS, adjective Kind; gentle; mild. Obs.

Chapman.

Spleenwort

SPLEE'NWORT, noun [Latin splenium.] A plant of the genus Asplenium; miltwaste.

Spleeny

SPLEE'NY, adjective Angry; peevish; fretful.

A spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to

Our cause.

Shak.

2. Melancholy; affected with nervous complaints.

Splendent

SPLEN'DENT, adjective [Latin splendens, splendeo, to shine.]

1. Shining; glossy; beaming with light; as splendent planets; splendent metals.

Newton.

2. Very conspicuous; illustrious.

Wotton.

Splendid

SPLEN'DID, adjective [Latin splendidus, from splendeo, to shine; French splendide; Italian splendido; Welsh ysplan, from plan, clear. See Plain.]

1. Properly, shining; very bright; as a splendid sun. Hence,

2. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous; as a splendid palace; a splendid procession; a splendid equipage; a splendid feast or entertainment.

3. Illustrious; heroic; brilliant; as a splendid victory.

4. Illustrious; famous; celebrated; as a splendid reputation.

Splendidly

SPLEN'DIDLY, adverb With great brightness or brilliant light.

2. Magnificently; sumptuously; richly; as a house splendidly furnished.

3. With great pomp or show. The king was splendidly attended.

Splendor

SPLEN'DOR, noun [Latin from the Celtic; Welsh ysplander, from pleiniaw, dyspleiniaw, to cast rays, from plan, a ray, a cion or shoot, a plane; whence plant. See Plant and Planet.]

1. Great brightness; brilliant luster; as the splendor of the sun.

2. Great show of richness and elegance; magnificence; as the splendor of equipage or of royal robes.

3. Pomp; parade; as the splendor of a procession or of ceremonies.

4. Brilliance; eminence; as the splendor of a victory.

Splendrous

SPLEN'DROUS, adjective Having splendor. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Splenetic

SPLEN'ETIC, adjective [Latin spleneticus.] Affected with spleen; peevish; fretful.

You humor me when I am sick;

Why not when I am splenetic?

Pope.

Splenetic

SPLEN'ETIC, noun A person affected with spleen.

Tatler.

Splenic

SPLEN'IC, adjective [French splenique.] Belonging to the spleen; as the splenic vein.

Ray.

Splenish

SPLEN'ISH, adjective Affected with spleen; peevish; fretful.

Drayton.

Splenitive

SPLEN'ITIVE, adjective Hot; fiery; passionate; irritable. [Not in use.]

I am not splenitive and rash.

Shak.

Splent

SPLENT, noun A callous substance or insensible swelling on the shank-bone of a horse.

Far. Dict.

2. A splint. [See Splint.]

Splice

SPLICE, or SPLISE, verb transitive [Swedish splissa; Dutch splissen; German spleissen; Danish splidser, from splider, splitter, to split, to divide. It should be written splise.]

To separate the strands of the two ends of a rope, and unite them by a particular manner of interweaving them; or to unite the end of a rope to any part of another by a like interweaving of the strands. There are different modes of splicing, as the short splice, long splice, eye splice, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Splice

SPLICE, noun The union of ropes by interweaving the strands.

Mar. Dict.

Splint

SPLINT, or SPLINT'ER, noun [Dutch splinter; German splint or splitter; Danish splindt. Qu. is n radical?]

1. A piece of wood split off; a thin piece (in proportion to its thickness,) of wood or other solid substance, rent from the main body; as splinters of a ship's side or mast, rent off by a shot.

2. In surgery, a thin piece of wood or other substance, used to hold or confine a broken bone when set.

3. A piece of bone rent off in a fracture.

Splint

SPLINT, or SPLINT'ER, verb transitive To split or rend into long thin pieces; to shiver; as, the lightning splinters a tree.

2. To confine with splinters, as a broken limb.

Splinter

SPLINT'ER, verb intransitive To be split or rent into long pieces.

Splintered

SPLINT'ERED, participle passive Split into splinters; secured by splints.

Splintery

SPLINT'ERY, adjective Consisting of splinters, or resembling splinters; as the splintery fracture of a mineral, which discovers scales arising from splits or fissures, parallel to the line of fracture.

Kirwan. Fourcroy.

Split

SPLIT, verb transitive pret. and pp. split. [Dutch splitten; Danish splitter; German splittern or spleissen; Ethiopic falt, to separate, to divide, the same verb which, in other Shemitic languages, Hebrew Chaldee Syriac, signifies to escape. See Spalt.]

1. To divide longitudinally or lengthwise; to separate a thing from end to end by force; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber; to split a board. It differs from crack. To crack is to open or partially separate; to split is to separate entirely.

2. To rend; to tear asunder by violence; to burst; as, to split a rock or a sail.

Cold winter splits the rocks in twain.

Dryden.

3. To divide; to part; as, to split a hair. The phrases to split the heart, to split a ray of light, are now inelegant and obsolete, especially the former. The phrase, to split the earth, is not strictly correct.

4. To dash and break on a rock; as, a ship stranded and split.

Mar. Dict.

5. To divide; to break into discord; as a people split into parties.

6. To strain and pain with laughter; as, to split the sides.

Split

SPLIT, verb intransitive To burst; to part asunder; to suffer disruption; as, vessels split by the freezing of water in them. Glass vessels often split when heated too suddenly.

2. To burst with laughter.

Each had a gravity would make you split.

Pope.

3. To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.

We were driven upon a rock, and the ship immediately split.

Swift.

To split on a rock, to fail; to err fatally; to have the hopes and designs frustrated.

Spectator.

Splitter

SPLIT'TER, noun One who splits.

Swift.

Splitting

SPLIT'TING, participle of the present tense Bursting; riving; rending.

Splutter

SPLUT'TER, noun A bustle; a stir. [A low word and little used.]

Splutter

SPLUT'TER, verb intransitive To speak hastily and confusedly. [Low.]

Carlton.

Spodumene

SPOD'UMENE, noun [Greek, to reduce to ashes.]

A mineral, called by HaÃƒ-¼y triphane. It occurs in laminated masses, easily divisible into prisms with rhomboidal bases; the lateral faces smooth, shining and pearly; the cross fracture uneven and splintery. Before the blowpipe it exfoliates into little yellowish or grayish scales; whence its name.

Cleaveland.

Spoil

SPOIL, verb transitive [French spolier; Italian spogliare; Latin spolio; Welsh yspeiliaw. The sense is probably to pull asunder, to tear, to strip; coinciding with Latin vello, or with peel, or with both. See Class Bl. No. 7. 8. 15. 32.]

1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to rob; with of; as, to spoil one of his goods or possessions.

My sons their old unhappy sire despise,

Spoil'd of his kingdom, and depriv'd of eyes.

Pope.

2. To seize by violence; to take by force; as, to spoil one's goods.

This mount

With all his verdure spoil'dÃ‚--

Milton.

3. [Saxon spillan.] To corrupt; to cause to decay and perish. Heat and moisture will soon spoil vegetable and animal substances.

4. To corrupt; to vitiate; to mar.

Spiritual pride spoils many graces.

Taylor.

5. To ruin; to destroy. Our crops are sometimes spoiled by insects.

6. To render useless by injury; as, to spoil paper by wetting it.

7. To injure fatally; as, to spoil the eyes by reading.

Spoil

SPOIL, verb intransitive To practice plunder or robbery.

Ã‚--Outlaws which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil.

Spenser.

2. To decay; to lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather. Grain will spoil, if gathered when wet or moist.

Spoil

SPOIL, noun [Latin spolium.] That which is taken from others by violence; particularly in war, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty.

2. That which is gained by strength or effort.

Each science and each art his spoil.

Bentley.

3. That which is taken from another without license.

Gentle gales

Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense

Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole

Their balmy spoils.

Milton.

4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; waste.

The man that hath not music in himself,

Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet sounds,

Is fit for treason, stratagems and spoils.

Shak.

5. Corruption; cause of corruption.

Villainous company bath been the spoil of me.

Shak.

6. The slough or cast skin of a serpent or other animal.

Bacon.

Spoiled

SPOIL'ED, participle passive Plundered; pillaged; corrupted; rendered useless.

Spoiler

SPOIL'ER, noun A plunderer; a pillager; a robber.

2. One that corrupts, mars or renders useless.

Spoilful

SPOIL'FUL, adjective Wasteful; rapacious. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Spoiling

SPOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Plundering; pillaging; corrupting; rendering useless.

2. Wasting; decaying.

Spoiling

SPOIL'ING, noun Plunder; waste.

Spoke

SPOKE, pret. of speak.

Spoke

SPOKE, noun [Saxon spaca; Dutch spaak; German speiche. This word, whose radical sense is to shoot or thrust, coincides with spike, spigot, pike, and German speien, contracted from speichen, to spew.]

1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly.

Swift.

2. The spar or round of a ladder. [Not in use in the U. States.]

Spoken

SPOKEN, participle passive of speak. pron. spo'kn.

Spoke-Shave

SPO'KE-SHAVE, noun A kind of plane to smooth the shells of blocks.

Spokesman

SPO'KESMAN, noun [speak, spoke, and man.]

One who speaks for another.

He shall be thy spokesman to the people. Exodus 4.

Spoliate

SPO'LIATE, verb transitive [Latin spolio.] To plunder; to pillage.

Dict.

Spoliate

SPO'LIATE, verb intransitive To practice plunder; to commit robbery. In time of war, rapacious men are let loose to spoliate on commerce.

Spoliation

SPOLIA'TION, noun The act of plundering, particularly of plundering an enemy in time of war.

2. The act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea under authority.

3. In ecclesiastical affairs, the act of an incumbent in taking the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pretended title.

Blackstone.

Spondaic

SPONDA'IC, or SPONDA'ICAL, adjective [See Spondee.] Pertaining to a spondee; denoting two long feet in poetry.

Spondee

SPON'DEE, noun [French spondÃƒ-©e; Italian spondeo; Latin spondoeus.]

A poetic foot of two long syllables.

Broome.

Spondyl

SPON'DYL, or SPON'DYLE, noun [Latin spondylus; Greek; Italian spondulo.] A joint of the back bone; a verteber or vertebra.

Coxe.

Sponge

SPONGE. [See Spunge.]

Sponk

SPONK, noun [a word probably formed on punk.]

Touchwood. In Scotland, a match; something dipped in sulphur for readily taking fire. [See Spunk.]

Sponsal

SPONS'AL, adjective [Latin sponsalis, from spondeo, to betroth.] Relating to marriage or to a spouse.

Sponsion

SPON'SION, noun [Latin sponsio, from spondeo, to engage.] The act of becoming surety for another.

Sponsor

SPONS'OR, noun [Latin supra.] A surety; one who binds himself to answer for another, and is responsible for his default. In the church, the sponsors in baptism are sureties for the education of the child baptized.

Ayliffe.

Spontaneity

SPONTANE'ITY, noun [French spontaneitÃƒ-©; Italian spontaneitÃƒ- ; Latin sponte, of free will.]

Voluntariness; the quality of being of free will or accord.

Dryden.

Spontaneous

SPONTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin spontaneus, from sponte, of free will.]

1. Voluntary; acting by its own impulse or will without the incitement of any thing external; acting of its own accord; as spontaneous motion.

Milton.

2. Produced without being planted, or without human labor; as a spontaneous growth of wood.

Spontaneous combustion, a taking fire of itself. Thus oiled canvas, oiled wool, and many other combustible substances, when suffered to remain for some time in a confined state, suddenly take fire, or undergo spontaneous combustion.

Spontaneously

SPONTA'NEOUSLY, adverb Voluntarily; of his own will or accord; used of animals; as, he acts spontaneously.

2. By its own force or energy; without the impulse of a foreign cause; used of things.

Whey turns spontaneously acid.

Arbuthnot.

Spontaneousness

SPONTA'NEOUSNESS, noun Voluntariness; freedom of will; accord unconstrained; applied to animals.

2. Freedom of acting without a foreign cause; applied to things.

Spontoon

SPONTOON', noun [French Spanish esponton; Italian spontaneo.]

A kind of half pike; a military weapon borne by officers of infantry.

Spool

SPOOL, noun [German spule; Dutch spoel; Danish Swedish spole.]

A piece of cane or reed, or a hollow cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end; used by weavers to wind their yarn upon in order to slaie it and wind it on the beam. The spool is larger than the quill, on which yarn is wound for the shuttle. But in manufactories, the word may be differently applied.

Spool

SPOOL, verb transitive To wind on spools.

Spoom

SPOOM, verb intransitive To be driven swiftly; probably a mistake for spoon. [See Spoon, the verb.]

Spoon

SPOON, noun [Irish sponog.] A small domestic utensil, with a bowl or concave part and a handle, for dipping liquids; as a tea spoon; a table spoon.

2. An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and a long handle, used for taking earth out of holes dug for setting posts.

Spoon

SPOON, verb intransitive To put before the wind in a gale. [I believe not now used.]

Spoon-Bill

SPOON'-BILL, noun [spoon and bill.] A fowl of the grallic order, and genus Platatea, so named from the shape of its bill, which is somewhat like a spoon or spatula. Its plumage is white and beautiful.

Spoon-Drift

SPOON'-DRIFT, noun In seamen's language, a showery sprinkling of sea water, swept from the surface in a tempest.

Mar. Dict.

Spoonful

SPOON'FUL, noun [spoon and full.] As much as a spoon contains or is able to contain; as a tea spoonful; a table spoonful.

2. A small quantity of a liquid.

Arbuthnot.

Spoon-Meat

SPOON'-MEAT, noun [spoon and meat.] Food that is or must be taken with a spoon; liquid food.

Diet most upon spoon-meats.

Harvey.

Spoon-Wort

SPOON'-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Cochlearia; scurvy grass.

Sporadic

SPORAD'IC, or SPORAD'ICAL, adjective [French sporadique; Greek, separate, scattered; whence certain isles of Greece were called Sporades.]

Separate; single; scattered; used only in reference to diseases. A sporadic disease, is one which occurs in particular persons and places, in distinction from an epidemic, which affects persons generally or in great numbers.

Sporadic diseases are opposed to epidemics, as accidental, scattered complaints, neither general nor contagious.

Parr.

Sport

SPORT, noun [Dutch boert, jest; boerten, to jest; boertig, merry, facetious, jocular.]

1. That which diverts and makes merry; play; game; diversion; also, mirth. The word signifies both the cause and the effect; that which produces mirth, and the mirth or merriment produced.

Her sports were such as carried riches of knowledge upon the stream of delight.

Sidney.

Here the word denotes the cause of amusement.

They called for Samson out of the prison-house; and he made them sport. Judges 16.

Here sport is the effect.

2. Mock; mockery; contemptuous mirth.

Then make sport at me, then let me be your jest.

Shak.

They made a sport of his prophets.

Esdras.

3. That with which one plays, or which is driven about.

To flitting leaves, the sport of every wind.

Dryden.

Never does man appear to greater disadvantage than when he is the sport of his own ungoverned passions.

J. Clarke.

4. Play; idle jingle.

An author who should introduce such a sport of words upon our stage, would meet with small applause.

Broome.

5. Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing.

Clarendon.

In sport. To do a thing in sport, is to do it in jest, for play or diversion.

So is the man that deceiveth his neighbor, and saith, am not I in sport? Proverbs 26.

Sport

SPORT, verb transitive To divert; to make merry; used with the reciprocal pronoun.

Against whom do ye sport yourselves? Isaiah 57.

2. To represent by any kind of play.

Now sporting on thy lyre the love of youth.

Dryden.

Sport

SPORT, verb intransitive To play; to frolick; to wanton.

See the brisk lambs that sport along the mead.

Anon.

2. To trifle. The man that laughs at religion sports with his own salvation.

Sporter

SPORTER, noun One who sports.

Sportful

SPORTFUL, adjective Merry; frolicksome; full of jesting; indulging in mirth or play; as a sportful companion.

Down he alights among the sportful herd.

Milton.

2. Ludicrous; done in jest or for mere play.

These are no sportful productions of the soil.

Bentley.

Sportfully

SPORTFULLY, adverb In mirth; in jest; for the sake of diversion; playfully.

Sportfulness

SPORTFULNESS, noun Play; merriment; frolick; a playful disposition; playfulness; as the sportfulness of kids and lambs.

Sportive

SPORTIVE, adjective Gay; merry; wanton; frolicksome.

Is it I

That drive thee from the sportive court?

Shak.

2. Inclined to mirth; playful; as a sportive humor.

Sportiveness

SPORTIVENESS, noun Playfulness; mirth; merriment.

Walton.

2. Disposition to mirth.

Sportless

SPORTLESS, adjective Without sport or mirth; joyless.

Sportsman

SPORTSMAN, noun [sport and man.] One who pursues the sports of the field; one who hunts, fishes and fowls.

2. One skilled in the sports of the field.

Addison.

Sportulary

SPORT'ULARY, adjective [from Latin sporta, a basket, an alms-basket.]

Subsisting on alms or charitable contributions. [Little used.]

Hall.

Sportule

SPORT'ULE, noun [Latin sportula, a little basket.]

An alms; a dole; a charitable gift or contribution. [Not in use.]

Ayliffe.

Spot

SPOT, noun [Dutch spat, a spot, spavin, a pop-gun; spatten, to spot, to spatter; Danish spette, a spot, and spet, a pecker; svart spet, a woodpecker. We see this word is of the family of spatter, and that the radical sense is to throw or thrust. A spot is made by spattering or sprinkling.]

1. A mark on a substance made by foreign matter; a speck; a blot; a place discolored. The least spot is visible on white paper.

2. A stain on character reputation; something that soils purity; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish.

Yet Chloe sure was form'd without a spot.

Pope.

See 1 Peter 1:17. Ephesians 5:27.

3. A small extent of space; a place; any particular place.

The spot to which I point is paradise.

Milton.

Fix'd to one spot.

Otway.

So we say, a spot of ground, a spot of grass or flowers; meaning a place of small extent.

4. A place of a different color from the ground; as the spots of a leopard.

5. A variety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a spot on its head just above its beak.

6. A dark place on the disk or face of the sun or of a planet.

7. A lucid place in the heavens.

Upon the spot, immediately; before moving; without changing place. [So the French say, sur le champ.]

It was determined upon the spot.

Swift.

Spot

SPOT, verb transitive To make a visible mark with some foreign matter; to discolor; to stain; as, to spot a garment; to spot paper.

2. To patch by way of ornament.

Addison.

3. To stain; to blemish; to taint; to disgrace; to tarnish; as reputation.

My virgin life no spotted thoughts shall stain.

Sidney.

To spot timber, is to cut or chip it, in preparation for hewing.

Spotless

SPOT'LESS, adjective Free from spots, foul matter or discoloration.

2. Free from reproach or impurity; pure; untainted; innocent; as a spotless mind; spotless behavior.

A spotless virgin and a faultless wife.

Waller.

Spotlessness

SPOT'LESSNESS, noun Freedom from spot or stain; freedom from reproach.

Donne.

Spotted

SPOT'TED, participle passive Marked with spots or places of a different color from the ground; as a spotted beast or garment.

Spottedness

SPOT'TEDNESS, noun The state or quality of being spotted.

Spotter

SPOT'TER, noun One that makes spots.

Spottiness

SPOT'TINESS, noun The state or quality of being spotty.

Spotting

SPOT'TING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with spots; staining.

Spotty

SPOT'TY, adjective Full of spots; marked with discolored places.

Spousage

SPOUS'AGE, noun [See Spouse.] The act of espousing. [Not used.]

Spousal

SPOUS'AL, adjective [from spouse.] Pertaining to marriage; nuptial; matrimonial; conjugal; connubial; bridal; as spousal rites; spousal ornaments.

Pope.

Spousal

SPOUS'AL, noun [French epousailles; Spanish esponsales; Latin sponsalia. See Spouse.]

Marriage; nuptials. It is now generally used in the plural; as the spousals of Hippolita.

Dryden.

Spouse

SPOUSE, n. spouz. [French epouse; Spanish esposo, esposa; Italian sposo, sposa; Latin sponsus, sponsa, from spondeo, to engage; Irish posam, id. It appears that n in spondeo, is not radical, or that it has been lost in other languages. The sense of the root is to put together, to bind. In Spanish esposas signifies manacles.]

One engaged or joined in wedlock; a married person, husband or wife. We say of a man, that he is the spouse of such a woman; or of a woman, she is the spouse of such a man.

Dryden.

Spouse

SPOUSE, v. t. spouz. To wed; to espouse. [Little used. See Espouse.]

Chaucer.

Spoused

SPOUS'ED, participle passive Wedded; joined in marriage; married; but seldom used. The word used in lieu of it is espoused.

Milton.

Spouseless

SPOUSELESS, a. spouz'less. Destitute of a husband or of a wife; as a spouseless king or queen.

Pope.

Spout

SPOUT, noun [Dutch spuit, a spout; spuiten, to spout. In German spÃƒ-¼tzen is to spit, and spotten is to mock, banter, sport. These are of one family; spout retaining nearly the primary and literal meaning. Class Bd. See Bud and Pout.]

1. A pipe, or a projecting mouth of a vessel, useful in directing the stream of a liquid poured out; as the spout of a pitcher, of a tea pot or water pot.

2. A pipe conducting water from another pipe, or from a trough on a house.

3. A violent discharge of water raised in a column at sea, like a whirlwind, or by a whirlwind. [See Water-spout.]

Spout

SPOUT, verb transitive To throw out, as liquids through a narrow orifice or pipe; as, an elephant spouts water from his trunk.

Next on his belly floats the mighty whaleÃ‚--

He spouts the tide.

Creech.

2. To throw out words with affected gravity; to mouth.

Beaum.

Spout

SPOUT, verb intransitive To issue with violence, as a liquid through a narrow orifice or from a spout; as, water spouts from a cask or a spring; blood spouts from a vein.

All the glittering hill

Is bright with spouting rills.

Thomson.

Spouted

SPOUT'ED, participle passive Thrown in a stream from a pipe or narrow orifice.

Spouting

SPOUT'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing in a stream from a pipe or narrow opening; pouring out words violently or affectedly.

Spouting

SPOUT'ING, noun The act of throwing out, as a liquid from a narrow opening; a violent or affected speech; a harangue.

Sprag

SPRAG, adjective Vigorous; sprightly. [Local.]

[Note. In America, this word is, in popular language, pronounced spry, which is a contraction of sprigh, in sprightly.]

Sprag

SPRAG, noun A young salmon. [Local.]

Grose.

Sprain

SPRAIN, verb transitive [probably Swedish spr?nga, to break or loosen; Danish sprenger, to spring, to burst or crack; or from the same root.]

To overstrain the ligaments of a joint; to stretch the ligaments so as to injure them, but without luxation or dislocation.

Gay. Encyc.

Sprain

SPRAIN, noun An excessive strain of the ligaments of a joint without dislocation.

Temple.

Sprained

SPRA'INED, participle passive Injured by excessive straining.

Spraining

SPRA'INING, participle of the present tense Injuring by excessive extension.

Spraints

SPRAINTS, noun The dung of an otter.

Dict.

Sprang

SPRANG, pret. of spring; but sprung is more generally used.

Sprat

SPRAT, noun [Dutch sprot; German sprotte; Irish sproth.]

A small fish of the species Clupea.

Sprawl

SPRAWL, verb intransitive [The origin and affinities of this word are uncertain. It may be a contracted word.]

1. To spread and stretch the body carelessly in a horizontal position; to lie with the limbs stretched out or struggling. We say, a person lies sprawling; or he sprawls on the bed or on the ground.

Hudibras.

2. To move, when lying down, with awkward extension and motions of the limbs; to scrabble or scramble in creeping.

The birds were not fledged; but in sprawling and struggling to get clear of the flame, down they tumbled.

L'Estrange.

3. To widen or open irregularly, as a body of horse.

Sprawling

SPRAWL'ING, participle of the present tense Lying with the limbs awkwardly stretched; creeping with awkward motions; struggling with contorsion of the limbs.

2. Widening or opening irregularly, as cavalry.

Spray

SPRAY, noun [probably allied to sprig. The radical sense is a shoot. Class Rg.]

1. A small shoot or branch; or the extremity of a branch. Hence in England, sprayfaggots are bundles of small branches, used as fuel.

Encyc.

2. Among seamen, the water that is driven from the top of a wave in a storm, which spreads and flies in small particles. It differs from spoon-drift; as spray is only occasional, whereas spoon-drift flies continually along the surface of the sea.

Spread

SPREAD, or SPRED, verb transitive pret. and pp. spread or spred. [Saxon sproedan, spredan; Danish spreder; Swedish sprida; Dutch spreiden; German spreiten. This is probably formed on the root of broad, German breit; breiten, to spread. The more correct orthography is spred.]

1. To extend in length and breadth, or in breadth only; to stretch or expand to a broader surface; as, to spread a carpet or a table cloth; to spread a sheet on the ground.

2. To extend; to form into a plate; as, to spread silver. Jeremiah 10.

3. To set; to place; to pitch; as, to spread a tent. Genesis 33.

4. To cover by extending something; to reach every part.

And an unusual paleness spreads her face.

Granville.

5. To extend; to shoot to a greater length in every direction, so as to fill or cover a wider space.

The stately trees fast spread their branches.

Milton.

6. To divulge; to propagate; to publish; as news or fame; to cause to be more extensively known; as, to spread a report.

In this use, the word is often accompanied with abroad.

They, when they had departed, spread abroad his fame in all that country. Matthew 9.

7. To propagate; to cause to affect greater numbers; as, to spread a disease.

8. To emit; to diffuse; as emanations or effluvia; as, odoriferous plants spread their fragrance.

9. To disperse; to scatter over a larger surface; as, to spread manure; to spread plaster or lime on the ground.

10. To prepare; to set and furnish with provisions; as, to spread a table. God spread a table for the Israelites in the wilderness.

11. To open; to unfold; to unfurl; to stretch; as, to spread the sails of a ship.

Spread

SPREAD, or SPRED, verb intransitive To extend itself in length and breadth, in all directions, or in breadth only; to be extended or stretched. The larger elms spread over a space of forty or fifty yards in diameter; or the shade of the larger elms spreads over that space. The larger lakes in America spread over more than fifteen hundred square miles.

Plants, if they spread much, are seldom tall.

Bacon.

2. To be extended by drawing or beating; as, a metal spreads with difficulty.

3. To be propagated or made known more extensively. Ill reports sometimes spread with wonderful rapidity.

4. To be propagated from one to another; as, a disease spreads into all parts of a city. The yellow fever of American cities has not been found to spread in the country.

Spread

SPREAD, or SPRED, noun Extent; compass.

I have a fine spread of improvable land.

Addison.

2. Expansion of parts.

No flower has that spread of the woodbind.

Bacon.

Spreader

SPREADER, or SPRED'DER, noun One that spreads, extends, expands or propagates; as a spreader of disease.

Hooker.

2. One that divulges; one that causes to be more generally known; a publisher; as a spreader of news or reports.

Swift.

Spreading

SPREADING, or SPRED'DING, participle of the present tense Extending; expanding; propagating; divulging; dispersing; diffusing.

2. adjective Extending or extended over a large space; wide; as the spreading oak.

Gov. Winthrop and his associates at Charlestown had for a church a large spreading tree.

B. Trumbull.

Spreading

SPREADING, or SPRED'DING, noun The act of extending, dispersing or propagating.

Sprent

SPRENT, participle passive Sprinkled. Obs. [See Sprinkle.]

Spenser.

Sprig

SPRIG, noun [Welsh ysbrig; ys, a prefix, and brig, top, summit; that is, a shoot, or shooting to a point. Class Brg.]

1. A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray; as a sprig of laurel or of parsley.

2. A brad, or nail without a head. [Local.]

3. The representation of a small branch in embroidery.

4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point.

Encyc.

Sprig

SPRIG, verb transitive To mark or adorn with the representation of small branches; to work with sprigs; as, to sprig muslin.

Sprig-Crystal

SPRIG-CRYSTAL, noun Crystal found in the form of a hexangular column, adhering to the stone, and terminating at the other end in a point.

Woodward.

Sprigged

SPRIG'GED, participle passive Wrought with representations of small twigs.

Sprigging

SPRIG'GING, participle of the present tense Working with sprigs.

Spriggy

SPRIG'GY, adjective Full of sprigs or small branches.

Spright

SPRIGHT, or SPRITE, noun [German spriet, spirit. It should be written sprite.]

1. A spirit; a shade; a soul; an incorporeal agent.

Forth he call'd, out of deep darkness dread,

Legions of sprights.

Spenser.

And gaping graves receiv'd the guilty spright.

Dryden.

2. A walking spirit; an apparition.

Locke.

3. Power which gives cheerfulness or courage.

Hold thou my heart, establish thou my sprights. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

4. An arrow. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Spright

SPRIGHT, verb transitive To haunt, as a spright. [Not used.]

Shak.

Sprightful

SPRIGHTFUL, adjective [This word seems to be formed on the root of sprag, a local word, pronounced in America, spry. It belongs to the family of spring and sprig.]

Lively; brisk; nimble; vagorous; gay.

Spoke like a sprightful noble gentleman.

Shak.

Steeds sprightful as the light.

Cowley.

[This word is little used in America. We use sprightly in the same sense.]

Sprightfully

SPRIGHTFULLY, adverb Briskly; vigorously.

Shak.

Sprightfulness

SPRIGHTFULNESS, noun Briskness; liveliness; vivacity.

Hammond.

Sprightless

SPRIGHTLESS, adjective Destitute of life; dull; sluggish; as virtue's sprightless cold.

Cowley.

Sprightliness

SPRIGHTLINESS, noun [from sprightly.] Liveliness; life; briskness; vigor; activity; gayety; vivacity.

In dreams, with what sprightliness and alacrity does the soul exert herself.

Addison.

Sprightly

SPRIGHTLY, adjective Lively; brisk; animated; vigorous; airy; gay; as a sprightly youth; a sprightly air; a sprightly dance.

The sprightly Sylvia trips along the green.

Pope.

And sprightly wit and love inspires.

Dryden.

Spring

SPRING, verb intransitive pret. sprung, [sprang, not wholly obsolete;] pp. sprung. [Saxon springan; Dutch German springen; Danish springer; Swedish springa; from the root Brg, or Rg; n probably being casual. The primary sense is to leap, to shoot.]

1. To vegetate and rise out of the ground; to begin to appear; as vegetables.

To satisfy the desolate ground, and cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth. Job 38.

In this sense, spring is often or usually followed by up, forth or out.

2. To begin to grow.

The teeth of the young not sprungÃ‚--

Ray.

3. To proceed, as from the seed or cause.

Much more good of sin shall spring.

Milton.

4. To arise; to appear; to begin to appear or exist.

When the day began to spring, they let her go. Judges 21.

Do not blast my springing hopes.

Rowe.

5. To break forth; to issue into sight or notice.

O spring to light; auspicious babe, be born.

Pope.

6. To issue or proceed, as from ancestors or from a country. Aaron and Moses sprung from Levi.

7. To proceed, as from a cause, reason, principle or other original. The noblest title springs from virtue.

They found new hope to spring

Out of despair.

Milton.

8. To grow; to thrive.

What makes all this but Jupiter the king,

At whose command we perish and we spring.

Dryden.

9. To proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. Water springs from reservoirs in the earth. Rivers spring from lakes or ponds.

10. To leap; to bound; to jump.

The mountain stag that springs

From highth to highth, and bounds along the plainsÃ‚--

Philips.

11. To fly back; to start; as, a bow when bent, springs back by its elastic power.

12. To start or rise suddenly from a covert.

Watchful as fowlers when their game will spring.

Otway.

13. To shoot; to issue with speed and violence.

And sudden light

Sprung through the vaulted roofÃ‚--

Dryden.

14. To bend or wind from a straight direction or plane surface. Our mechanics say, a piece of timber or a plank springs in seasoning.

To spring at, to leap towards; to attempt to reach by a leap.

To spring in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste.

To spring forth, to leap out; to rush out.

To spring on or upon, to leap on; to rush on with haste or violence; to assault.

Spring

SPRING, verb transitive To start or rouse, as game; to cause to rise from the earth or from a covert; as, to spring a pheasant.

2. To produce quickly or unexpectedly.

The nurse, surpris'd with fright,

Starts up and leaves her bed, and springs a light.

Dryden.

[I have never heard such an expression.]

3. To start; to contrive or to produce or propose on a sudden; to produce unexpectedly.

The friends to the cause sprang a new project.

Swift.

[In lieu of spring, the people in the U. States generally use start; to start a new project.]

4. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine.

Addison.

5. To burst; to cause to open; as, to spring a leak. When it is said, a vessel has sprung a leak, the meaning is, the leak has then commenced.

6. To crack; as, to spring a mast or a yard.

7. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap; as, to spring a trap.

To spring a butt, in seamen's language, to loosen the end of a plank in a ship's bottom.

To spring the luff, when a vessel yields to the helm, and sails nearer to the wind than before.

Mar. Dict.

To spring a fence, for to leap a fence, is not a phrase used in this country.

Thomson.

To spring an arch, to set off, begin or commence an arch from an abutment or pier.

Spring

SPRING, noun A leap; a bound; a jump; as of an animal.

The pris'ner with a spring from prison broke.

Dryden.

2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its former state by its elasticity; as the spring of a bow.

3. Elastic power or force. The soul or the mind requires relaxation, that it may recover its natural spring.

Heav'ns! what a spring was in his arm.

Dryden.

4. An elastic body; a body which, when bent or forced from its natural state, has the power of recovering it; as the spring of a watch or clock.

5. Any active power; that by which action or motion is produced or propagated.

Ã‚--Like nature letting down the springs of life.

Dryden.

Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move

The hero's gloryÃ‚--

Pope.

6. A fountain of water; an issue of water from the earth, or the bason of water at the place of its issue. Springs are temporary or perennial. From springs proceed rivulets, and rivulets united form rivers. Lakes and ponds are usually fed by springs.

7. The place where water usually issues from the earth, though no water is there. Thus we say, a spring is dry.

8. A source; that from which supplies are drawn. The real christian has in his own breast a perpetual and inexhaustible spring of joy.

The sacred spring whence right and honor stream.

Davies.

9. Rise; original; as the spring of the day. 1 Samuel 9.

10. Cause; original. The springs of great events are often concealed from common observation.

11. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and rise; the vernal season. This season comprehends the months of March, April and May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator.

12. In seamen's language, a crack in a mast or yard, running obliquely or transversely. [In the sense of leak, I believe it is not used.]

13. A rope passed out of a ship's stern and attached to a cable proceeding from her bow, when she is at anchor. It is intended to bring her broadside to bear upon some object. A spring is also a rope extending diagonally from the stern of one ship to the head of another, to make one ship sheer off to a greater distance.

Mar. Dict.

14. A plant; a shoot; a young tree. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

15. A youth. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

16. A hand; a shoulder of pork. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Springal

SPRING'AL, noun A youth. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Spring-Bok

SPRING'-BOK, noun [Dutch spring and bok, a buck or he-goat.] An African animal of the antelope kind.

Barrow.

Springe

SPRINGE, n. sprinj. [from spring.] A gin; a noose; which being fastened to an elastic body, is drawn close with a sudden spring, by which means it catches a bird.

Springe

SPRINGE, verb transitive To catch in a springe; to ensnare.

Beaum.

Springer

SPRING'ER, noun One who springs; one that rouses game.

2. A name given to the grampus.

3. In architecture, the rib of a groin or concentrated vault.

Spring-Halt

SPRING'-HALT, noun [spring and halt.] A kind of lameness in which a horse twitches up his legs.

Shak.

Spring-Head

SPRING'-HEAD, noun A fountain or source. [Useless.]

Herbert.

Springiness

SPRING'INESS, noun [from springy.] Elasticity; also, the power of springing.

2. The state of abounding with springs; wetness; spunginess; as of land.

Springing

SPRING'ING, participle of the present tense Arising; shooting up; leaping; proceeding; rousing.

Springing use, in law, a contingent use; a use which may arise upon a contingency.

Blackstone.

Springing

SPRING'ING, noun The act or process of leaping, arising, issuing or proceeding.

2. Growth; increase. Psalm 65.

3. In building, the side of an arch contiguous to the part on which it rests.

Springle

SPRIN'GLE, noun A springe; a noose. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Spring-Tide

SPRING'-TIDE, noun [spring and tide.] The tide which happens at or soon after the new and full moon, which rises higher than common tides.

Mar. Dict. Dryden.

Spring-Wheat

SPRING'-WHEAT, noun [spring and wheat.]

A species of wheat to be sown in the spring; so called in distinction from winter wheat.

Springy

SPRING'Y, adjective [from spring.] Elastic; possessing the power of recovering itself when bent or twisted.

2. Having great elastic power.

Arbuthnot.

3. Having the power to leap; able to leap far.

4. Abounding with springs or fountains; wet; spungy; as springy land.

Sprinkle

SPRINK'LE, verb transitive [Saxon sprengan; Dutch sprenkelen, sprengen; German sprengen; Danish sprinkler; Irish spreighim. The Latin spargo may be the same word with the letters transposed, n being casual. Class Brg.]

1. To scatter; to disperse; as a liquid or a dry substance composed of fine separable particles; as, Moses sprinkled handfuls of ashes towards heaven. Exodus 9.

2. To scatter on; to disperse on in small drops or particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to sprinkle a floor with sand; to sprinkle paper with iron filings.

3. To wash; to cleanse; to purify.

Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Hebrews 10.

Sprinkle

SPRINK'LE, verb intransitive To perform the act of scattering a liquid or any fine substance, so that it may fall in small particles.

The priest shall sprinkle of the oil with his fingers. Leviticus 14.

Baptism may well enough be performed by sprinkling or effusion of water.

Ayliffe.

2. To rain moderately; as, it sprinkles.

Sprinkle

SPRINK'LE, noun A small quantity scattered; also, an utensil for sprinkling.

Spenser.

Sprinkled

SPRINK'LED, participle passive Dispersed in small particles, as a liquid or as dust.

2. Having a liquid or a find substance scattered over.

Sprinkler

SPRINK'LER, noun One that sprinkles.

Sprinkling

SPRINK'LING, participle of the present tense Dispersing, as a liquid or as dust.

2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles.

Sprinkling

SPRINK'LING, noun The act of scattering in small drops or parcels.

Hall.

2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops or parts, or coming moderately; as a sprinkling of rain or snow.

Sprit

SPRIT, verb transitive [Saxon spryttan, to sprout; Dutch spruilen; German spriessen; Danish spruder, sproyter, to spurt; Swedish spritta, to start. It is of the same family as sprout. Class Brd.]

To throw out with force from a narrow orifice; to eject; to spirt. [Not in use. See Spurt.]

Sprit

SPRIT, verb intransitive To sprout; to bud; to germinate; as barley steeped for malt.

Sprit

SPRIT, noun A shoot; a sprout.

Mortimer.

2. [Dutch spriet.] A small boom, pole or spar which crosses the sail of a boat diagonally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which it is used to extend and elevate.

Mar. Dict.

Sprite

SPRITE, noun [If from German spriet, this is the most correct orthography. The Welsh has ysbrid, a spirit.] A spirit.

Spriteful

SPRI'TEFUL. [See Sprightful.]

Spritefully

SPRI'TEFULLY. [See Sprightfully.]

Spriteliness

SPRI'TELINESS. [See Sprightliness.]

Spritely

SPRI'TELY. [See Sprightly.]

Sprit-Sail

SPRIT'-SAIL, noun [sprit and sail.] The sail extended by a sprit.

2. A sail attached to a yard which hangs under the bowsprit.

Mar. Dict.

Sprod

SPROD, noun A salmon in its second year.

Chambers.

Sprong

SPRONG, old pret. of spring. [Dutch.] [Not in use.]

Sprout

SPROUT, verb intransitive [Dutch spruiten; German sprossen; Saxon spryttan; Spanish brotar, the same word without s. See Sprit.]

1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new shoots. A grain that sprouts in ordinary temperature in ten days, may by an augmentation of heat be made to sprout in forty eight hours. The stumps of trees often sprout, and produce a new forest. Potatoes will sprout and produce a crop, although pared and deprived of all their buds or eyes.

2. To shoot into ramifications.

Vitriol is apt to sprout with moisture.

Bacon.

3. To grow, like shoots of plants.

And on the ashes sprouting plumes appear.

Tickel.

Sprout

SPROUT, noun The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed, or from the stump or from the root of a plant or tree. The sprouts of the cane, in Jamaica are called ratoons.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

2. A shoot from the end of a branch. The young shoots of shrubs are called sprouts, and in the forest often furnish browse for cattle.

Sprouts

SPROUTS, n. plu. Young coleworts.

Johnson.

Spruce

SPRUCE, adjective Nice; trim; neat without elegance or dignity; formerly applied to things with a serious meaning; now applied to persons only.

He is so spruce, that he never can be genteel.

Tatler.

Spruce

SPRUCE, verb transitive To trim; to dress with great neatness.

Spruce

SPRUCE, verb intransitive To dress one's self with affected neatness.

Spruce

SPRUCE, noun The fir-tree; a name given to a species of evergreen, the Pinus nigra, which is used in families to give flavor to beer. It is used by way of decoction, or in the essence.

Spruce-Beer

SPRUCE-BEER, noun A kind of beer which is tinctured with spruce, either by means of the essence or by decoction.

Sprucely

SPRU'CELY, adverb With extreme or affected neatness.

Spruceness

SPRU'CENESS, noun Neatness without taste or elegance; trimness; fineness; quaintness.

Sprue

SPRUE, noun A matter formed in the mouth in certain diseases.

2. In Scotland, that which is thrown off in casting metals; scoria.

Sprug

SPRUG, verb transitive To make smart. [Not in use.]

Sprung

SPRUNG, pret. and participle passive of spring. The man sprung over the ditch; the mast is sprung; a hero sprung from a race of kings.

Sprunt

SPRUNT, verb intransitive To spring up; to germinate; to spring forward. [Not in use.]

Sprunt

SPRUNT, noun Any thing short and not easily bent. [Not in use.]

2. A leap; a spring. [Not in use.]

3. A steep ascent in a road. [Local.]

Sprunt

SPRUNT, adjective Active; vigorous; strong; becoming strong. [Not in use.]

Spruntly

SPRUNT'LY, adverb Vigorously; youthfully; like a young man. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Spry

SPRY, adjective Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active; vigorous. [This word is in common use in New England, and is doubtless a contraction of sprig. See Sprightly.]

Spud

SPUD, noun [Danish spyd, a spear; Icelandic spioot. It coincides with spit.] A short knife. [Little used.]

2. Any short thing; in contempt.

Swift.

3. A tool of the fork kind, used by farmers.

Spud

SPUD, verb transitive To dig or loosen the earth with a spud. [Local.]

Spume

SPUME, noun [Latin Italian spuma; Spanish espuma.]

Froth; foam; scum; frothy matter raised on liquors or fluid substances by boiling, effervescence or agitation.

Spume

SPUME, verb intransitive To froth; to foam.

Spumescence

SPUMES'CENCE, noun Frothiness; the state of foaming.

Kirwan.

Spumous

SPU'MOUS, or SPU'MY, adjective [Latin spumeus.] Consisting of froth or scum; foamy.

The spumy waves proclaim the wat'ry war.

Dryden.

The spumous and florid state of the blood.

Arbuthnot.

Spun

SPUN, pret. and participle passive of spin.

Spunge

SPUNGE, noun [Latin spongia; Greek; French eponge; Italian spugna; Spanish esponja; Saxon spongea; Dutch spons.]

1. A porous marine substance, found adhering to rocks, shells, &c. under water, and on rocks about the shore at low water. It is generally supposed to be of animal origin, and it consists of a fibrous reticulated substance, covered by a soft gelatinous matter, but in which no polypes have hitherto been observed. It is so porous as to imbibe a great quantity of water, and is used for various purposes in the arts and in surgery.

Encyc. Cuvier.

2. In gunnery, an instrument for cleaning cannon after a discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with lamb skin. For small guns, it is commonly fixed to one end of the handle of the rammer.

3. In the manege, the extremity or point of a horse-shoe, answering to the heel.

Pyrotechnical spunge, is made of mushrooms or fungi, growing on old oaks, ash, fir, &c. which are boiled in water, dried and beaten, then put in a strong lye prepared with saltpeter, and again dried in an oven. This makes the black match or tinder brought from Germany.

Encyc.

Spunge

SPUNGE, verb transitive To wipe with a wet spunge; as, to spunge a slate.

2. To wipe out with a spunge, as letters or writing.

3. To cleanse with a spunge; as, to spunge a cannon.

4. To wipe out completely; to extinguish or destroy.

Spunge

SPUNGE, verb intransitive To suck in or imbibe, as a spunge.

2. To gain by mean arts, by intrusion or hanging on; as an idler who spunges on his neighbor.

Spunged

SPUNG'ED, participle passive Wiped with a spunge; wiped out; extinguished.

Spunger

SPUNG'ER, noun One who uses a spunge; a hanger on.

Spungiform

SPUNG'IFORM, adjective [spunge and form.] Resembling a spunge; soft and porous; porous.

Spunginess

SPUNG'INESS, noun The quality or state of being spungy, or porous like spunge.

Harvey.

Spunging-House

SPUNG'ING-HOUSE, noun A bailif's house to put debtors in.

Spungious

SPUNG'IOUS, adjective Full of small cavities, like a spunge; as spungious bones.

Cheyne.

Spungy

SPUNG'Y, adjective Soft and full of cavities; of an open, loose, pliable texture; as a spungy excrescence; spungy earth; spungy cake; the spungy substance of the lungs.

2. Full of small cavities; as spungy bones.

3. Wet; drenched; soaked and soft, like spunge.

4. Having the quality of imbibing fluids.

Spun-Hay

SPUN'-HAY, noun Hay twisted into ropes for convenient carriage on a military expedition.

Spunk

SPUNK, noun [probably from punk.] Touchwood; wood that readily takes fire. Hence,

2. Vulgarly, an inflammable temper; spirit; as a man of spunk. Ill natured observations touched his spunk. [Low.]

Spunyarn

SPUN'Y`ARN, noun Among seamen, a line or cord formed of two or three rope yarns twisted.

Spur

SPUR, noun [Saxon spur; Dutch spoor; German sporn; Danish spore; Irish spor; Welsh yspardun; French eperon; Italian sprone; coinciding in elements with spear. Class Br.]

1. An instrument having a rowel or little wheel with sharp points, worn on horsemen's heels, to prick the horses for hastening their pace.

Girt with rusty sword and spur.

Hudibras.

Hence, to set spurs to a horse, is to prick him and put him upon a run.

2. Incitement; instigation. The love of glory is the spur to heroic deeds.

3. The largest or principal root of a tree; hence perhaps, the short wooden buttress of a post; [that is, in both cases, a shoot.]

4. The hard pointed projection on a cock's leg, which serves as an instrument of defense and annoyance.

Ray.

5. Something that projects; a snag.

Shak.

6. In America, a mountain that shoots from any other mountain or range of mountains, and extends to some distance in a lateral direction, or at right angles.

7. That which excites. We say, upon the spur of the occasion; that is, the circumstances or emergency which calls for immediate action.

8. A sea swallow.

Ray.

9. The hinder part of the nectary in certain flowers, shaped like a cock's spur.

Martyn.

10. A morbid shoot or excrescence in grain, particularly in rye. [French ergot.]

11. In old fortifications, a wall that crosses a part of the rampart and joins to the town wall.

Spur

SPUR, verb transitive [Irish sporam.] To prick with spurs; to incite to a more hasty pace; as, to spur a horse.

2. To incite; to instigate; to urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object. Some men are spurred to action by the love of glory, others by the love of power. Let affection spur us to social and domestic duties.

Locke.

3. To impel; to drive.

Love will not be spurr'd to what it lothes.

Shak.

4. To put spurs on.

Spurs of the beams, in a ship, are curving timbers, serving as half beams to support the deck, where whole beams cannot be used.

Spur

SPUR, verb intransitive To travel with great expedition.

The Parthians shall be there,

And spurring from the fight, confess their fear. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

2. To press forward.

Some bold menÃ‚--by spurring on, refine themselves.

Grew.

Spurgall

SPUR'GALL, verb transitive [spur and gall.] To gall or wound with a spur.

Shak.

Spurgall

SPUR'GALL, noun A place galled or excoriated by much using of the spur.

Spurgalled

SPUR'GALLED, participle passive Galled or hurt by a spur; as a spurgalled hackney.

Pope.

Spurge

SPURGE, noun [French epurge; Italian spurgo, a purge; from Latin purgo, expurgo.] A plant of the genus Euphorbia.

Spurge-Flax

SPURGE-FLAX, noun A plant. [Latin thymeloea.]

Spurge-Laurel

SPURGE-LAUREL, noun The Daphne laureola, a shrub, a native of Europe.

Spurge-Olive

SPURGE-OLIVE, noun Mezereon, a shrub of the genus Daphne.

Spurge-Wort

SPURGE-WORT, noun A plant. [Latin xiphion.]

Spurging

SPURG'ING, for purging, not in use.

B. Jonson.

Spurious

SPU'RIOUS, adjective [Latin spurius.] Not genuine; not proceeding from the true source, or from the source pretended; counterfeit; false; adulterate. Spurious writings are such as are not composed by the authors to whom they are ascribed. Spurious drugs are common. The reformed churches reject spurious ceremonies and traditions.

2. Not legitimate; bastard; as spurious issue. By the laws of England, one begotten and born out of lawful matrimony, is a spurious child.

Spurious disease, a disease not of the genuine type, but bearing a resemblance in its symptoms.

Spuriously

SPU'RIOUSLY, adverb Counterfeitly; falsely.

Spuriousness

SPU'RIOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being counterfeit, false or not genuine; as the spuriousness of drugs, of coin or of writings.

2. Illegitimacy; the state of being bastard, or not of legitimate birth; as the spuriousness of issue.

Spurling

SPUR'LING, noun A small sea fish.

Spurling-Line

SPUR'LING-LINE, noun Among seamen, the line which forms the communication between the wheel and the tell-tale.

Spurn

SPURN, verb transitive [Saxon spurnan; Irish sporam; Latin sperno, aspernor; from the root of spur, or from kicking.]

1. To kick; to drive back or away, as with the foot.

Shak.

2. To reject with disdain; to scorn to receive or accept. What multitudes of rational beings spurn the offers of eternal happiness!

3. To treat with contempt.

Locke.

Spurn

SPURN, verb intransitive To manifest disdain in rejecting any thing; as, to spurn at the gracious offers of pardon.

2. To make contemptuous opposition; to manifest disdain in resistance.

Nay more, to spurn at your most royal image.

Shak.

3. To kick or toss up the heels.

The drunken chairman in the kennel spurns.

Gay.

Spurn

SPURN, noun Disdainful rejection; contemtpuous treatment.

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of the unworthy takes.

Shak.

Spurned

SPURN'ED, participle passive Rejected with disdain; treated with contempt.

Spurner

SPURN'ER, noun One who spurns.

Spurney

SPURN'EY, noun A plant.

Dict.

Spurning

SPURN'ING, participle of the present tense Rejecting with contempt.

Spurn-Water

SPURN'-WATER, noun In ships, a channel at the end of a deck to restrain the water.

Spurre

SPURRE, noun A name of the sea swallow.

Spurred

SPUR'RED, participle passive Furnished with spurs.

2. adjective Wearing spurs, or having shoots like spurs.

Spurrer

SPUR'RER, noun One who uses spurs.

Spurrier

SPUR'RIER, noun One whose occupation is to make spurs.

Spur-Royal

SPUR-ROY'AL, noun A gold coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV. In the reign of James I. its value was fifteen shillings. Sometimes written spur-rial or ryal.

Beaum.

Spurry

SPUR'RY, noun A plant of the genus Spergula.

Spurt

SPURT, verb transitive [Swedish spruta; Danish spruder and sproyter, to spout, to squirt, to syringe. The English word has suffered a transposition of letters. It is from the root of sprout, which see.]

To throw out, as a liquid in a stream; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid from a pipe or small orifice; as, to spurt water from the mouth, or other liquid from a tube.

Spurt

SPURT, verb intransitive To gush or issue out in a stream, as liquor from a cask; to rush from a confined place in a small stream.

Then the small jet, which hasty hands unlock,

Spurts in the gard'ner's eyes who turns the cock.

Pope.

Spurt

SPURT, noun A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a liquid substance from a tube, orifice or other confined place; a jet.

2. A sudden or short occasion or exigency; sudden effort. [Vulgar.]

Spurtle

SPURT'LE, verb transitive [from spurt.] To shoot in a scattering manner. [Little used.]

Drayton.

Spurway

SPUR'WAY, noun [spur and way.] A horse path; a narrow way; a bridle road; a way for a single beast. [Not used in the U. States.]

Sputation

SPUTA'TION, noun [Latin sputo, to spit.] The act of spitting. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Sputative

SPU'TATIVE, adjective [supra.] Spitting much; inclined to spit. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Sputter

SPUT'TER, verb intransitive [Dutch spuiten, to spout; Swedish spotta; Latin sputo, to spit. It belongs to the root of spout and spit; of the latter it seems to be a diminutive.]

1. To spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small or scattered portions, as in rapid speaking.

2. To throw out moisture in small detached parts; as green wood sputtering in the flame.

Dryden.

3. To fly off in small particles with some crackling or noise.

When sparkling lamps their sputtering lights advance.

Dryden.

4. To utter words hastily and indistinctly; literally, to spout small; to speak so rapidly as to emit saliva.

They could neither of them speak their rage, and so they fell a sputtering at one another, like two roasting apples.

Congreve.

Sputter

SPUT'TER, verb transitive To throw out with haste and noise; to utter with indistinctness.

In the midst of caressesÃ‚--to sputter out the basest accusations.

Swift.

Sputter

SPUT'TER, noun Moist matter thrown out in small particles.

Sputtered

SPUT'TERED, participle passive Thrown out in small portions, as liquids; uttered with haste and indistinctness, as words.

Sputterer

SPUT'TERER, noun One that sputters.

Sputtering

SPUT'TERING, participle of the present tense Emitting in small particles; uttering rapidly and indistinctly; speaking hastily; spouting.

Spy

SPY, noun [Italian spia; French espion; Spanish espia; Dutch spiede; German spÃƒ-¤her; Danish spejder; Welsh yspeiaw, to espy, to explore; yspeithiaw, to look about; yspaith, that is open, visible; paith, an opening, a prospect, a glance. Class Bd; unless the word is a contraction, and of Class Sg.]

1. A person sent into an enemy's camp to inspect their works, ascertain their strength and their intentions, to watch their movements, and secretly communicate intelligence to the proper officer. By the laws of war among all civilized nations, a spy is subjected to capital punishment.

2. A person deputed to watch the conduct of others.

Dryden.

3. One who watches the conduct of others.

These wretched spies of wit.

Dryden.

Spy

SPY, verb transitive To see; to gain sight of; to discover at a distance, or in a state of concealment. It is the same as espy; as, to spy land from the mast head of a ship.

As tiger spied two gentle fawns.

Milton.

One in reading skipped over all sentences where he spied a note of admiration.

Swift.

2. To discover by close search or examination; as, a lawyer in examining the pleadings in a case, spies a defect.

3. To explore; to view, inspect and examine secretly; as a country; usually with out.

Moses sent to spy out Jaazer, and they took the villages thereof. Numbers 21.

Spy

SPY, verb intransitive To search narrowly; to scrutinize.

It is my nature's plague

To spy into abuse.

Shak.

Spy-Boat

SPY'-BOAT, noun [spy and boat.] A boat sent to make discoveries and bring intelligence.

Arbuthnot.

Spy-Glass

SPY'-GLASS, noun The popular name of a small telescope, useful in viewing distant objects.

Squab

SQUAB, adjective [In German quappe is a quab, an eelpout; quabbelig, plump, sleek; quabbeln, to be plump or sleek, and to vibrate, to wabble; Danish quabbe, an eelpout; quopped. fat, plump, jolly, our vulgar whopping; quopper, to shake.]

1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky.

Nor the squab daughter, nor the wife were nice.

Betterton.

2. Unfledged; unfethered; as a squab pigeon.

King.

Squab

SQUAB, noun A young pigeon or dove. [This word is in common or general use in America, and almost the only sense in which it is used is the one here given. It is sometimes used in the sense of fat, plump.]

2. A kind of sofa or couch; a stuffed cushion. [Not used in America.]

Squab

SQUAB, adverb Striking at once; with a heavy fall; plump.

The eagle dropped the tortoise squab upon a rock. [Low and not used.]

L'Estrange.

[The vulgar word awhap or whop, is used in a like sense in America. It is found in Chaucer.]

Squab

SQUAB, verb intransitive To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or with a heavy stroke. [Not used.]

Squabbish

SQUAB'BISH, or SQUAB'BY, adjective Thick; fat; heavy.

Harvey.

Squabble

SQUAB'BLE, verb intransitive [I know not the origin of this word, but it seems to be from the root of wabble; German quabbeln, to vibrate, to quake, to be sleek. See Squab.]

1. To contend for superiority; to scuffle; to struggle; as, two persons squabble in sport.

Shak.

2. To contend; to wrangle; to quarrel.

Glanville.

3. To debate peevishly; to dispute. If there must be disputes, it is less criminal to squabble than to murder.

[Squabble is not an elegant word in any of its uses. In some of them it is low.]

Squabble

SQUAB'BLE, noun A scuffle; a wrangle; a brawl; a petty quarrel.

Arbuthnot.

Squabbler

SQUAB'BLER, noun A contentious person; a brawler.

Squabbling

SQUAB'BLING, participle of the present tense Scuffling; contending; wrangling.

Squab-Pie

SQUAB'-PIE, noun [squab and pie.] A pie made of squabs or young pigeons.

Squad

SQUAD, noun [French escouade.] A company of armed men; a party learning military exercise; any small party.

Squadron

SQUAD'RON, noun [French escadron; Italian squadra, a squadron, a square; Spanish esquadron; from Latin quadratus, square; quadro, to square; allied to quatuor, four.]

1. In its primary sense, a square or square form; and hence, a square body of troops; a body drawn up in a square. So Milton has used the word.

Those half rounding guards

Just met, and closing stood in squadron join'd.

[This sense is probably obsolete, unless in poetry.]

2. A body of troops, infantry or cavalry, indefinite in number.

3. A division of a fleet; a detachment of ships of war, employed on a particular expedition; or one third part of a naval armament.

Mar. Dict.

Squadroned

SQUAD'RONED, adjective Formed into squadrons or squares.

Milton.

Squalid

SQUAL'ID, adjective [Latin squalidus, from squaleo, to be foul. Qu. Welsh qual, vile.] Foul; filthy; extremely dirty.

Uncomb'd his locks, and squalid his attire.

Dryden.

Squalidness

SQUAL'IDNESS, noun Foulness; filthiness.

Squall

SQUALL, verb intransitive [Swedish sqv?la; Danish squaldrer, to prate. These words are probably of one family; but squall, like squeal, is probably from the root of Saxon gyllan, to creak, or Hebrew, Dutch gillen, to yell; or is formed from wail.]

To cry out; to scream or cry violently; as a woman frightened, or a child in anger or distress; as, the infant squalled.

Arbuthnot and Pope.

Squall

SQUALL, noun A loud scream; a harsh cry.

Pope.

2. [Swedish sqval.] A sudden gust of violent wind.

Mar. Dict.

Squaller

SQUALL'ER, noun A screamer; one that cries loud.

Squalling

SQUALL'ING, participle of the present tense Crying out harshly; screaming.

Squally

SQUALL'Y, adjective Abounding with squalls; disturbed often with sudden and violent gusts of wind; as squally weather.

2. In agriculture, broken into detached pieces; interrupted by unproductive spots. [Local.]

Squalor

SQUA'LOR, noun [Latin] Foulness; filthiness; coarseness.

Burton.

Squamiform

SQUAM'IFORM, adjective [Latin squama, a scale, and form.] Having the form or shape of scales.

Squamigerous

SQUAMIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin squamiger; squdma, a scale, and gero, to bear.] Bearing or having scales.

Squamous

SQUA'MOUS, adjective [Latin squamosus.] Scaly; covered with scales; as the squamous cones of the pine.

Woodward.

Squander

SQUAN'DER, verb transitive [German verschwenden, probably from wenden, to turn.]

1. To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend prodigally; to dissipate; to waste without economy or judgment; as, to squander an estate.

They often squander'd, but they never gave.

Savage.

The crime of squandering health is equal to the folly.

Rambler.

2. To scatter; to disperse.

Our squander'd troops he rallies.

Dryden.

[In this application not now used.]

Squandered

SQUAN'DERED, participle passive Spent lavishly and without necessity or use; wasted; dissipated, as property.

Squanderer

SQUAN'DERER, noun One who spends his money prodigally, without necessity or use; a spendthrift; a prodigal; a waster; a lavisher.

Locke.

Squandering

SQUAN'DERING, participle of the present tense Spending lavishly; wasting.

Square

SQUARE, adjective [Welsh cwÃƒ-¢r; French carrÃƒ-©, quarrÃƒ-©; perhaps Greek, contracted from. This is probably not a contraction of Latin quadratus.]

1. Having four equal sides and four right angles; as a square room; a square figure.

2. Forming a right angle; as an instrument for striking lines square.

Moxon.

3. Parallel; exactly suitable; true.

She's a most triumphant lady, if report be square to her. [Unusual.]

Shak.

4. Having a straight front, or a frame formed with straight lines; not curving; as a man of a square frame; a square built man.

5. That does equal justice; exact; fair; honest; as square dealing.

6. Even; leaving no balance. Let us make or leave the accounts square.

Three square, five square, having three or five equal sides, &c.; an abusive use of square.

Square root, in geometry and arithmetic. The square root of a quantity or number is that which, multiplied by itself, produces the square. Thus 7 is the square root of 49, for 7Ã‚-£7=49.

In seamen's language, the yards are square, when they are arranged at right angles with the mast or the keel. The yards and sails are said also to be square, when they are of greater extent than usual.

Mar. Dict.

Square

SQUARE, noun A figure having four equal sides and four right angles.

2. An area of four sides, with houses on each side.

The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large square of the town.

Addison.

3. The content of the side of a figure squared.

4. An instrument among mechanics by which they form right angles, or otherwise measure angles.

5. In geometry and arithmetic, a square or square number is the product of a number multiplied by itself. Thus 64 is the square of 8, for 8Ã‚-£8=64.

6. Rule; regularity; exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct.

They of Galatia much more out of square.

Hooker.

I have not kept my square.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

7. A square body of troops; a squadron; as the brave squares of war. [Not in use.]

Shak.

8. A quaternion; four. [Not in use.]

Shak.

9. Level; equality.

We live not on the square with such as these.

Dryden.

10. In astrology, quartile; the position of planets distant ninety degrees from each other. Obs.

Milton.

11. Rule; conformity; accord. I shall break no squares with another for a trifle.

Squares go. Let us see how the squares go, that is, how the game proceeds; a phrase taken from the game of chess, the chess board being formed with squares.

L'Estrange.

Square

SQUARE, verb transitive [French equarrir and carrer.]

1. To form with four equal sides and four right angles.

2. To reduce to a square; to form to right angles; as, to square mason's work.

3. To reduce to any given measure or standard.

Shak.

4. To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; as, to square our actions by the opinions of others; to square our lives by the precepts of the gospel.

5. To accommodate; to fit; as, square my trial to my strength.

Milton.

6. To respect in quartile.

Creech.

7. To make even, so as to leave no difference or balance; as, to square accounts; a popular phrase.

8. In arithmetic, to multiply a number by itself; as, to square the number.

9. In seamen's language, to square the yards, is to place them at right angles with the mast or keel.

Square

SQUARE, verb intransitive To suit; to fit; to quadrate; to accord or agree. His opinions do not square with the doctrines of philosophers.

2. To quarrel; to go to opposite sides.

Are you such fools

To square for this?

Shak.

[Not in use.]

Squareness

SQUA'RENESS, noun The state of being square; as an instrument to try the squareness of work.

Moxon.

Square-Rigged

SQUA'RE-RIGGED, adjective In seamen's language, a vessel is square-rigged when her principal sails are extended by yards suspended by the middle, and not by stays, gaffs, booms and lateen yards. Thus a ship and a brig are square-rigged vessels.

Mar. Dict.

Square-Sail

SQUA'RE-SAIL, noun In seamen's language, a sail extended to a yard suspended by the middle.

Mar. Dict.

Squarish

SQUA'RISH, adjective Nearly square.

Pennant.

Squarrous

SQUAR'ROUS, adjective [Qu. Greek, scurf.]

In botany, scurfy or ragged, or full of scales; rough; jagged. A squarrous calyx consists of scales very widely divaricating; a squarrous leaf is divided into shreds or jags, raised above the plane of the leaf, and not parallel to it.

Martyn.

Squash

SQUASH, verb transitive [from the root of quash, Latin quasso, French casser.]

To crush; to beat or press into pulp or a flat mass.

Squash

SQUASH, noun Something soft and easily crushed.

Shak.

2. [Qu. Greek.] A plant of the genus Cucurbita, and its fruit; a culinary vegetable.

3. Something unripe or soft; in contempt.

This squash, this gentleman.

Shak.

4. A sudden fall of a heavy soft body.

Arbuthnot.

5. A shock of soft bodies.

My fall was stopp'd by a terrible squash. [Vulgar.]

Swift.

Squat

SQUAT, verb intransitive [Welsh yswatiaw, from yswad, a falling or throw; Italian quatto, squat, close; quattare, to squat, to cower, to lurk. It may perhaps be allied to Italian guatare, to watch, French guetter, to wait, to watch.]

1. To sit down upon the hams or heels; as a human being.

2. To sit close to the ground; to cower; as an animal.

3. In Massachusetts and some other states of America, to settle on another's land without pretense of title; a practice very common in the wilderness.

Squat

SQUAT, verb transitive To bruise or make flat by a fall. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Squat

SQUAT, adjective Sitting on the hams or heels; sitting close to the ground; cowering.

Him there they found,

Squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve.

Milton.

2. Short and thick, like the figure of an animal squatting.

The head of the squill insect is broad and squat.

Grew.

Squat

SQUAT, noun The posture of one that sits on his hams, or close to the ground.

Dryden.

2. A sudden or crushing fall. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

3. A sort of mineral.

Woodward.

Squatt

SQUATT, noun Among miners, a bed of ore extending but a little distance.

Squatter

SQUAT'TER, noun One that squats or sits close.

2. In the U. States, one that settles on new land without a title.

Squeak

SQUEAK, verb intransitive [Swedish sqv?ka, to cry like a frog; German quieken; Welsh gwiÃƒ-§ian, to squeak. This word probably belongs to the family of quack. Class Gk.]

1. To utter a sharp shrill cry, usually of short duration; to cry with an acute tone, as an animal; or to make a sharp noise, as a pipe or quill, a wheel, a door and the like. Wheels squeak only when the axle tree is dry.

Who can endure to hear one of the rough old Romans, squeaking through the mouth of an eunuch?

Addison.

Zoilus calls the companions of Ulysses, the squeaking pigs of Homer.

Pope.

2. To break silence or secrecy for fear or pain; to speak.

Dryden.

Squeak

SQUEAK, noun A sharp shrill sound suddenly uttered, either of the human voice or of any animal or instrument, such as a child utters in acute pain, or as pigs utter, or as is made by carriage wheels when dry, or by a pipe or reed.

Squeaker

SQUE'AKER, noun One that utters a sharp shrill sound.

Squeaking

SQUE'AKING, participle of the present tense Crying with a sharp voice; making a sharp sound; as a squeaking wheel.

Squeal

SQUEAL, verb intransitive [This is only a different orthography of squall; Irish sgal, a squealing. See Squall.]

To cry with a sharp shrill voice. It is used of animals only, and chiefly of swine. It agrees in sense with squeak, except that squeal denotes a more continued cry than squeak, and the latter is not limited to animals. We say, a squealing hog or pig, a squealing child; but more generally a squalling child.

Squealing

SQUE'ALING, participle of the present tense Uttering a sharp shrill sound or voice; as a squealing pig.

Squeamish

SQUE'AMISH, adjective [probably from the root of wamble.]

Literally, having a stomach that is easily turned, or that readily nauseates any thing; hence, nice to excess in taste; fastidious; easily disgusted; apt to be offended at trifling improprieties; scrupulous.

Quoth he, that honor's very squeamish

That takes a basting for a blemish.

Hudibras.

His muse is rustic, and perhaps too plain

The men of squeamish taste to entertain.

Southern.

Squeamishly

SQUE'AMISHLY, adverb In a fastidious manner; with too much niceness.

Squeamishness

SQUE'AMISHNESS, noun Excessive niceness; vicious delicacy of taste; fastidiousness; excessive scrupulousness.

The thorough-paced politician must presently laugh at the squeamishness of his conscience.

South.

Squeasiness

SQUE'ASINESS, noun Nausea. [Not used.] [See Queasiness.]

Squeasy

SQUE'ASY, adjective Queasy; nice; squeamish; scrupulous. [Not used.] [See Queasy.]

Squeeze

SQUEEZE, verb transitive [Armoric quasqu, goasca; Welsh gwasgu.]

1. To press between two bodies; to press closely; as, to squeeze an orange with the fingers or with an instrument; to squeeze the hand in friendship.

2. To oppress with hardships, burdens and taxes; to harass; to crush.

In a civil war, people must expect to be squeezed with the burden.

L'Estrange.

3. To hug; to embrace closely.

4. To force between close bodies; to compel or cause to pass; as, to squeeze water through felt.

To squeeze out, to force out by pressure, as a liquid.

Squeeze

SQUEEZE, verb intransitive To press; to urge one's way; to pass by pressing; as, to squeeze hard to get through a crowd.

2. To crowd.

To squeeze through, to pass through by pressing and urging forward.

Squeeze

SQUEEZE, noun Pressure; compression between bodies.

Phillips.

2. A close hug or embrace.

Squeezed

SQUEE'ZED, participle passive Pressed between bodies; compressed; oppressed.

Squeezing

SQUEE'ZING, participle of the present tense Pressing; compressing; crowding; oppressing.

Squeezing

SQUEE'ZING, noun The act of pressing; compression; oppression.

2. That which is forced out by pressure; dregs.

The dregs and squeezings of the brain.

Pope.

Squelch

SQUELCH, or SQUELSH, verb transitive To crush. [A low word and not used.]

Squelch

SQUELCH, noun A heavy fall. [Low and not used.]

Hudibras.

Squib

SQUIB, noun [This word probably belongs to the family of whip; denoting that which is thrown.]

1. A little pipe or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with powder or combustible matter and sent into the air, burning and bursting with a crack; a cracker.

Lampoons, like squibs, may make a present blaze.

Waller.

The making and selling of squibs is punishable.

Blackstone.

2. A sarcastic speech or little censorious writing published; a petty lampoon.

3. A pretty fellow. [Not in use.]

The squibs, in the common phrase, are called libellers.

Tatler.

Squib

SQUIB, verb intransitive To throw squibs; to utter sarcastic or severe reflections; to contend in petty dispute; as, two members of a society squib a little in debate. [Colloquial.]

Squibbing

SQUIB'BING, participle of the present tense Throwing squibs or severe reflections.

Squibbing

SQUIB'BING, noun The act of throwing squibs or severe reflections.

Squill

SQUILL, noun [French squille, Latin squilla, a squill, a lobster or prawn; Italian squilla, a squill, a sea-onion, a little bell; squillare, to ring; Spanish esquila, a small bell, a shrimp.]

1. A plant of the genus Scilla. It has a large acrid bulbous root like an onion, which is used in medicine.

2. A fish, or rather a crustaceous animal, of the genus Cancer.

Encyc.

3. An insect, called squill insect from its resemblance to the fish, having a long body covered with a crust, the head broad and squat.

Grew.

Squinancy

SQUIN'ANCY, noun [Italian squinanzia; French squinancie.] The quinsy, which see. [Squinancy is not used.]

Squint

SQUINT, adjective [Dutch schuin, sloping, oblique; schuinte, a slope; Welsh ysgeiniaw, to spread, to sprinkle. We see the sense is to deviate from a direct line, to wander or shoot off.]

1. Looking obliquely; having the optic axes directed to different objects.

2. Looking with suspicion.

Spenser.

Squint

SQUINT, verb intransitive To see obliquely.

Some can squint when they will.

Bacon.

2. To have the axes of the eyes directed to different objects.

3. To slope; to deviate from a true line; to run obliquely.

Kirwan.

Squint

SQUINT, verb transitive To turn the eye to an oblique position; to look indirectly; as, to squint an eye.

Bacon.

2. To form the eye to oblique vision.

He gives the web and the pin, squints the eye, and makes the hare-lip.

Shak.

Squint-Eyed

SQUINT'-EYED, adjective Having eyes that squint; having oblique vision.

Knolles.

2. Oblique; indirect; malignant; as squint-eyed praise.

Denham.

3. Looking obliquely or by side glances; as squint-eyed jealousy or envy.

Squintifego

SQUINTIFE'GO, noun Squinting. [A cant word and not to be used.]

Dryden.

Squinting

SQUINT'ING, participle of the present tense Seeing or looking obliquely; looking by side glances.

Squinting

SQUINT'ING, noun The act or habit of looking obliquely.

Squintingly

SQUINT'INGLY, adverb With an oblique look; by side glances.

Squiny

SQUIN'Y, verb intransitive To look squint. [A cant word not to be used.]

Shak.

Squir

SQUIR, v. t. squur. To throw; to thrust; to drive. Obs.

Tatler.

Squire

SQUIRE, noun [a popular contraction of esquire. See Esquire.]

1. In Great Britain, the title of a gentleman next in rank to a knight.

Shak.

2. In Great Britain, an attendant on a noble warrior.

Dryden. Pope.

3. An attendant at court.

Shak.

4. In the United States, the title of magistrates and lawyers. In New-England, it is particularly given to justices of the peace and judges.

5. The title customarily given to gentlemen.

Squire

SQUIRE, verb transitive To attend as a squire.

Chaucer.

2. In colloquial language, to attend as a beau or gallant for aid and protection; as, to squire a lady to the gardens.

Squirehood

SQUI'REHOOD, or SQUI'RESHIP, noun The rank and state of a squire.

Shelton.

Squirely

SQUI'RELY, adjective Becoming a squire.

Shelton.

Squirrel

SQUIR'REL, n. squur'rel. [French ecureuil; Latin sciurus; Greek, said to be a compound of, shade, and, tail.]

A small quadruped of the genus Sciurus, order of Glires, and class Mammalia. The squirrel has two cutting teeth in each jaw, four toes on the fore feet, and five on the hind feet. Several species are enumerated. Among these are the gray, the red, and the black squirrel. These animals are remarkably nimble, running up trees and leaping from branch to branch with surprising agility. They subsist on nuts, of which they lay up a store for winter, some of them in hollow trees, others in the earth. Their flesh is delicate food.

Squirrel Hunt

SQUIRREL HUNT, noun In America, the hunting and shooting of squirrels by a company of men.

Squirt

SQUIRT, v. t. squurt. [from some root in Class Gr or Wr, signifying to throw or drive.]

To eject or drive out of a narrow pipe or orifice, in a stream; as, to squirt water.

Squirt

SQUIRT, verb intransitive To throw out words; to let fly. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

Squirt

SQUIRT, noun An instrument with which a liquid is ejected in a stream with force.

2. A small quick stream.

Squirter

SQUIRT'ER, noun One that squirts.

[This word in all its forms, is vulgar.]

Squirting cucumber, a sort of wild cucumber, so called from the sudden bursting of its capsules when ripe; the Momordica elaterium.

Stab

STAB, verb transitive [This word contains the elements, and is probably from the primary sense, of the Latin stabilis, stabilio, stipo, Dutch stippen, to point or prick, stiff, and a multitude of others in many languages. The radical sense is to thrust; but I know not to what oriental roots they are allied, unless to the Hebrew, Arabic, watsaba. Class Sb. No. 35. 37. or Class Db. No. 46. 53. 44.]

1. To pierce with a pointed weapon; as, to be stabbed by a dagger or a spear; to stab fish or eels.

2. To wound mischievously or mortally; to kill by the thrust of a pointed instrument.

Philips.

3. To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as, to stab reputation.

Stab

STAB, verb intransitive To give a wound with a pointed weapon.

None shall dare

With shorten'd sword to stab in closer war.

Dryden.

2. To give a mortal wound.

He speaks poniards, and every word stabs.

Shak.

To stab at, to offer a stab; to thrust a pointed weapon at.

Stab

STAB, noun The thrust of a pointed weapon.

2. A wound with a sharp pointed weapon; as, to fall by the stab of an assassin.

3. An injury given in the dark; a sly mischief; as a stab given to character.

Stabbed

STAB'BED, participle passive Pierced with a pointed weapon; killed with a spear or other pointed instrument.

Stabber

STAB'BER, noun One that stabs; a privy murderer.

Stabbing

STAB'BING, participle of the present tense Piercing with a pointed weapon; killing with a pointed instrument by piercing the body.

Stabbing

STAB'BING, noun The act of piercing with a pointed weapon; the act of wounding or killing with a pointed instrument.

This statute was made on account of the frequent quarrels and stabbings with short daggers.

Blackstone.

Stabiliment

STABIL'IMENT, noun [Latin stabilimentum, from stabilio, to make firm. See Stab.]

Act of making firm; firm support.

They serve for stabiliment, propagation and shade.

Derham.

Stabilitate

STABIL'ITATE, verb transitive To make stable; to establish. [Not used.]

More.

Stability

STABIL'ITY, noun [Latin stabilitas, from stabilis. See Stab.]

1. Steadiness; stableness; firmness; strength to stand without being moved or over-thrown; as the stability of a throne; the stability of a constitution of government.

2. Steadiness or firmness of character; firmness of resolution or purpose; the qualities opposite to fickleness, irresolution or inconstancy. We say, a man of little stability, or of unusual stability.

3. Fixedness; as opposed to fluidity. [I believe not now used.]

Since fluidness and stability are contrary qualitiesÃ‚--

Boyle.

Stable

STA'BLE, adjective [Latin stabilis; French stable; Italian stabile. The primary sense is set, fixed. See Stab.]

1. Fixed; firmly established; not to be easily moved, shaken or overthrown; as a stable government.

2. Steady in purpose; constant; firm in resolution; not easily diverted from a purpose; not fickle or wavering; as a stable man; a stable character.

3. Fixed; steady; firm; not easily surrendered or abandoned; as a man of stable principles.

4. Durable; not subject to be overthrown or changed.

In this region of chance and vanity, where nothing is stableÃ‚--

Rogers.

Stable

STA'BLE, verb transitive To fix; to establish. [Not used.]

Stable

STA'BLE, noun [Latin stabulum, that is, a stand, a fixed place, like stall. See the latter. These words do not primarily imply a covering for horses or cattle.]

A house or shed for beasts to lodge and feed in. In large towns, a stable is usually a building for horses only, or horses and cows, and often connected with a coach house. In the country towns in the northern states of America, a stable is usually an apartment in a barn in which hay and grain are deposited.

Stable

STA'BLE, verb transitive To put or keep in a stable. Our farmers generally stable not only horses, but oxen and cows in winter, and sometimes young cattle.

Stable

STA'BLE, verb intransitive To dwell or lodge in a stable; to dwell in an inclosed place; to kennel.

Milton.

Stable-Boy

STA'BLE-BOY, or STA'BLE-MAN, noun A boy or a man who attends at a stable.

Swift.

Stabled

STA'BLED, participle passive Put or kept in a stable.

Stableness

STA'BLENESS, noun Fixedness; firmness of position or establishment; strength to stand; stability; as the stableness of a throne or of a system of laws.

2. Steadiness; constancy; firmness of purpose; stability; as stableness of character, of mind, of principles or opinions.

Stablestand

STA'BLESTAND, noun [stable and stand.] In law, when man is found at his standing in the forest with a cross bow bent, ready to shoot at a deer, or with a long bow; or standing close by a tree with grayhounds in a leash ready to slip. This is one of the four presumptions that a man intends stealing the king's deer.

English Law.

Stabling

STA'BLING, participle of the present tense Putting or keeping in a stable.

Stabling

STA'BLING, noun The act or practice of keeping cattle in a stable.

2. A house, shed or room for keeping horses and cattle.

Stablish

STAB'LISH, verb transitive [Latin stabilio; French etablir; Italian stabilire; Spanish establecer. See Stab.]

To fix; to settle in a state for permanence; to make firm. [In lieu of this, establish is now always used.]

Stably

STA'BLY, adverb Firmly; fixedly; steadily; as a government stably settled.

Stack

STACK, noun [Welsh ystac, a stack; ystaca, a standard, from tÃƒ-¢g, a state of being stuffed; Danish stak, a pile of hay; Swedish stack; Irish stacadh. It signifies that which is set, and coincides with Saxon stac, Dutch staak, a stake. Stock, stag, stage, are of the same family, or at least have the same radical sense.]

1. A large conical pile of hay, grain or straw, sometimes covered with thatch. In America, the stack differs from the cock only in size, both being conical. A long pile of hay or grain is called a rick. In England, this distinction is not always observed. This word in Great Britain is sometimes applied to a pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet, and also to a pile of poles; but I believe never in America.

Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a man's highth.

Bacon.

2. A number of funnels or chimneys standing together. We say, a stack of chimneys; which is correct, as a chimney is a passage. But we also call the whole stack a chimney. Thus we say, the chimney rises ten feet above the roof.

Stack

STACK, verb transitive To lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile; as, to stack hay or grain.

2. In England, to pile wood, poles, &c.

Stacked

STACK'ED, participle passive Piled in a large conical heap.

Stacking

STACK'ING, participle of the present tense Laying in a large conical heap.

Stacking-Band

STACK'ING-BAND, or STACK'ING-BELT, noun A band or rope used in binding thatch or straw upon a stack.

Stacking-Stage

STACK'ING-STAGE, noun A stage used in building stacks.

Stack-Yard

STACK'-Y`ARD, noun A yard or inclosure for stacks of hay or grain.

Stacte

STAC'TE, noun [Latin stacte; Greek.] A fatty resinous liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odoriferous and highly valued. But it is said we have none but what is adulterated, and what is so called is liquid storax.

Cyc.

Staddle

STAD'DLE, noun [Dutch stutzel, from stut, a prop; stutten, to prop; stud; German stÃƒ-¼tze. It belongs to the root of stead, steady.]

1. Any thing which serves for support; a staff; a crutch; the frame or support of a stack of hay or grain.

England.

[In this sense not used in New England.]

2. In New England, a small tree of any kind, particularly a forest tree. In America, trees are called staddles from three or four years old till they are six or eight inches in diameter or more, but in this respect the word is indefinite. This is also the sense in which it is used by Bacon and Tusser.

Staddle

STAD'DLE, verb transitive To leave staddles when a wood is cut.

Tusser.

Staddle-Roof

STAD'DLE-ROOF, noun The roof or covering of a stack.

Stadium

STA'DIUM, noun [Latin; Greek.] A Greek measure of 125 geometrical paces; a furlong.

2. The course or career of a race.

Stadtholder

STADT'HOLDER, noun [Dutch stadt, a city, and houder, holder.]

Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of Holland; or the governor or lieutenant governor of a province.

Stadtholderate

STADT'HOLDERATE, noun The office of a stadtholder.

Staff

ST`AFF, noun plu. staves. [Saxon stoef, a stick or club, a pole, a crook, a prop or support, a letter, an epistle; stoefn, stefn, the voice;

Dutch staf, a staff, scepter or crook; staaf, a bar; German stab, a staff, a bar, a rod; Danish stab, stav, id.; stavn, stoevn, the prow of a ship, that is, a projection, that which shoots out; French douve. The primary sense is to thrust, to shoot. See Stab.]

1. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person walking; hence, a support; that which props or upholds. Bread is proverbially called the staff of life.

The boy was the very staff of my age.

Shak.

Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. Psalm 23.

2. A stick or club used as a weapon.

With forks and staves the felon they pursue.

Dryden.

3. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an instrument; a pole or stick, used for many purposes.

4. The five lines and the spaces on which music is written.

5. An ensign of authority; a badge of office; as a constable's staff.

Shak. Hayward.

6. The round of a ladder.

Brown.

7. A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag; called a flag-staff. There is also a jack-staff, and an ensign-staff.

8. [French estafette, a courier or express; Danish staffette; Italian staffetta, an express; staffiere, a groom or servant; staffa, a stirrup; Spanish estafeta, a courier, a general post-office; estafero, a foot-boy, a stable-boy, an errand-boy; Portugese estafeta, an express. This word seems to be formed from Italian staffa, a stirrup, whence staffiere, a stirrup-holder or groom, whence a servant or, horseman sent express.] In military affairs, an establishment of officers in various departments, attached to an army, or to the commander of an army. The staff includes officers not of the line, as adjutants, quarter-masters, chaplain, surgeon, &c. The staff is the medium of communication from the commander in chief to every department of an army.

9. [Icelandic stef.] A stanza; a series of verses so disposed that when it is concluded, the same order begins again.

Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for a heroic poem, as being all too lyrical.

Dryden.

10. Stave and staves, plu. of staff. [See Stave.]

Staffish

ST`AFFISH, adjective Stiff; harsh. [Not in use.]

Ascham.

Staff-Tree

ST`AFF-TREE, noun A sort of evergreen privet.

Johnson.

It is of the genus Celastrus.

Cyc.

Stag

STAG, noun [This word belongs to the root of stick, stage, stock. The primary sense is to thrust, hence to fix, to stay, &c.]

1. The male red deer; the male of the bind.

Shak.

2. A colt or filly; also, a romping girl. [Local.]

Grose.

3. In New England, the male of the common ox castrated.

Stag-Beetle

STAG'-BEETLE, noun The Lucanus cervus. a species of insect.

Encyc.

Stage

STAGE, noun [French etage, a story, a degree; Armoric estaich; Saxon stigan, to go, to ascend; Danish stiger, to step up, to ascend; Swedish stiga, to step; steg, a step; stege, a ladder; Dutch stygen, to mount, German steigen.] Properly, one step or degree of elevation, and what the French call etage, we call a story. Hence,

1. A floor or platform of any kind elevated above the ground or common surface, as for an exhibition of something to public view; as a stage for a mountebank; a stage for speakers in public; a stage for mechanics. Seamen use floating stages, and stages suspended by the side of a ship, for calking and repairing.

2. The floor on which theatrical performances are exhibited, as distinct from the pit, &c. Hence,

3. The theater; the place of scenic entertainments.

Knights, squires and steeds must enter on the stage.

Pope.

4. Theatrical representations. It is contended that the stage is a school or morality. Let it be inquired, where is the person whom the stage has reformed?

5. A place where any thing is publicly exhibited.

When we are born, we cry that we are come

To this great stage of fools.

Shak.

6. Place of action or performance; as the stage of life.

7. A place of rest on a journey, or where a relay of horses is taken. When we arrive at the next stage, we will take some refreshment. Hence,

8. The distance between two places of rest on a road; as a stage of fifteen miles.

9. A single step; degree of advance; degree of progression, either in increase or decrease, in rising or falling, or in any change of state; as the several stages of a war; the stages of civilization or improvement; stages of growth in an animal or plant; stages of a disease, of decline or recovery; the several stages of human life.

10. [instead of stage-coach, or stage-wagon.]

A coach or other carriage running regularly from one place to another for the conveyance of passengers.

I went in the six-penny stage.

Swift.

A parcel sent by the stage.

Cowper.

American usage.

Stage

STAGE, verb transitive To exhibit publicly. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Stage-Coach

STA'GE-COACH, noun [stage and coach.] A coach that runs by stages; or a coach that runs regularly every day or on stated days, for the conveyance of passengers.

Addison.

Stagely

STA'GELY, adjective Pertaining to a stage; becoming the theater. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Stage-Play

STA'GE-PLAY, noun [stage and play.] The atrical entertainment.

Dryden.

Stage-Player

STA'GE-PLAYER, noun An actor on the stage; one whose occupation is to represent characters on the stage. Garrick was a celebrated stage-player.

Stager

STA'GER, noun A player. [Little used.]

2. One that has long acted on the stage of life; a practitioner; a person of cunning; as an old cunning stager; an experienced stager; a stager of the wiser sort.

Dryden.

[I do not recollect to have ever heard this word used in America.]

Stagery

STA'GERY, noun Exhibition on the stage. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Stag-Evil

STAG-EVIL, noun A disease in horses.

Dict.

Staggard

STAG'GARD, noun [from stag.] A stag of four years of age.

Ainsworth.

Stagger

STAG'GER, verb intransitive [Dutch staggeren. Kiliaan.]

1. To reel; to vacillate; to move to one side and the other in standing or walking; not to stand or walk with steadiness.

Boyle.

Deep was the wound; he stagger'd with the blow.

Dryden.

2. To fail; to cease to stand firm; to begin to give way.

The enemy staggers.

Addison.

3. To hesitate; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose; to become less confident or determined.

Shak.

Abraham staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief. Romans 4.

Stagger

STAG'GER, verb transitive To cause to reel.

Shak.

2. To cause to doubt and waver; to make to hesitate; to make less steady or confident; to shock.

Whoever will read the story of this war, will find himself much staggered.

Howell.

When a prince fails in honor and justice, it is enough to stagger his people in their allegiance.

L'Estrange.

Staggered

STAG'GERED, participle passive Made to reel; made to doubt and waver.

Staggering

STAG'GERING, participle of the present tense Causing to reel, to waver or to doubt.

Staggering

STAG'GERING, noun The act of reeling.

Arbuthnot.

2. The cause of staggering.

Staggeringly

STAG'GERINGLY, adverb In a reeling manner.

2. With hesitation or doubt.

Staggers

STAG'GERS, n. plu. A disease of horses and cattle, attended with reeling or giddiness; also, a disease of sheep, which inclines them to turn about suddenly.

Cyc.

2. Madness; wild irregular conduct. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Stagger-Wort

STAG'GER-WORT, noun A plant, ragwort.

Stagnancy

STAG'NANCY, noun [See Stagnant.] The state of being without motion, flow or circulation, as in a fluid.

Stagnant

STAG'NANT, adjective [Latin stagnans, from stagno, to be without a flowing motion, Italian stagnare. Qu. Welsh tagu, to stop.]

1. Not flowing; not running in a current or stream; as a stagnant lake or pond; stagnant blood in the veins.

2. Motionless; still; not agitated; as water quiet and stagnant.

Woodward.

The gloomy slumber of the stagnant soul.

Johnson.

3. Not active; dull; not brisk; as, business is stagnant.

Stagnate

STAG'NATE, verb intransitive [Latin stagno, stagnum; Italian stagnare.]

1. To cease to flow; to be motionless; as, blood stagnates in the veins of an animal; air stagnates in a close room.

2. To cease to move; not to be agitated. Water that stagnates in a pond or reservoir, soon becomes foul.

3. To cease to be brisk or active; to become dull; as, commerce stagnates; business stagnates.

Stagnation

STAGNA'TION, noun The cessation of flowing or circulation of a fluid; or the state of being without flow or circulation; the state of being motionless; as the stagnation of the blood; the stagnation of water or air; the stagnation of vapors.

Addison.

2. The cessation of action or of brisk action; the state of being dull; as the stagnation of business.

Stag-Worm

STAG'-WORM, noun An insect that is troublesome to deer.

Stagyrite

STAG'YRITE, noun An appellation given to Aristotle from the place of his birth.

Staid

STAID, preterit tense and participle passive of stay; so written for stayed.

2. adjective [from stay, to stop.] Sober; grave; steady; composed; regular; not wild, volatile, flighty or fanciful; as slaid wisdom.

To ride out with staid guides.

Milton.

Staidness

STA'IDNESS, noun Sobriety; gravity; steadiness; regularity; the opposite of wildness.

If he sometimes appears too gay, yet a secret gracefulness of youth accompanies his writings, though the staidness and sobriety of age be wanting.

Dryden.

Stain

STAIN, verb transitive [Welsh ystaeniaw, to spread over, to stain; ystaenu, to cover with tin; ystaen, that is spread out, or that is sprinkled, a stain, tin, Latin stannum; taen, a spread, a sprinkle, a layer; taenu, to spread, expand, sprinkle, or be scattered. This coincides in elements with Greek. The French teindre, Spanish teÃƒ-±ir, Italian tingere, Portugese tingir, to stain, are from the Latin tingo, Greek, Saxon deagan, dye; a word formed by different elements. Stain seems to be from the Welsh, and if taen is not a contracted word, it has no connection with the French teindre.]

1. To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make foul; to spot; as, to stain the hand with dye; to stain clothes with vegetable juice; to stain paper; armor stained with blood.

2. To dye; to tinge with a different color; as, to stain cloth.

3. To impress with figures, in colors different from the ground; as, to stain paper for hangings.

4. To blot; to soil; to spot with guilt or infamy; to tarnish; to bring reproach on; as, to stain the character.

Of honor void, of innocence, of faith, of purity,

Our wonted ornaments now soil'd and stain'dÃ‚--

Milton.

Stain

STAIN, noun A spot; discoloration from foreign matter; as a stain on a garment or cloth.

2. A natural spot of a color different from the ground.

Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains.

Pope.

3. Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace; reproach; as the stain of sin.

Nor death itself can wholly wash their stains.

Dryden.

Our opinion is, I hope, without any blemish or stain of heresy.

Hooker.

4. Cause of reproach; shame.

Hereby I will lead her that is the praise and yet the stain of all womankind.

Sidney.

Stained

STA'INED, participle passive Discolored; spotted; dyed; blotted; tarnished.

Stainer

STA'INER, noun One who stains, blots or tarnishes.

2. A dyer.

Staining

STA'INING, participle of the present tense Discoloring; spotting; tarnishing; dyeing.

Stainless

STA'INLESS, adjective Free from stains or spots.

Sidney.

2. Free from the reproach of guilt; free from sin.

Shak.

Stair

STAIR, noun [Dutch steiger; Saxon stoeger; from Saxon stigan, Dutch German steigen, Gothic steigan, to step, to go; Danish stiger, to rise, to step up; Swedish steg, a step; Irish staighre. See Stage.]

1. A step; a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a person rises one step. A stair, to make the ascent easy, should not exceed six or seven inches in elevation. When the riser is eight, nine or ten inches in breadth, the ascent by stairs is laborious.

2. Stairs, in the plural, a series of steps by which persons ascend to a higher room in a building. [Stair, in this sense, is not in use.]

Flight of stairs, may signify the stairs which make the whole ascent of a story; or in winding stairs, the phrase may signify the stairs from the floor to a turn, or from one turn to another.

Staircase

STA'IRCASE, noun [stair and case.] The part of a building which contains the stairs. Staircases are straight or winding. The straight are called fliers, or direct fliers. Winding stairs, called spiral or cockle, are square, circular or elliptical.

To make a complete staircase, is a curious piece of architecture.

Wotton.

Stake

STAKE, noun [Saxon stac; Dutch staak; Swedish stake; Irish stac; Italian steccone, a stake; stecca, a stick; steccare, to fence with stakes; Spanish estaca, a stake, a stick. This coincides with stick, noun and verb, with stock, stage, &c. The primary sense is to shoot, to thrust, hence to set or fix.]

1. A small piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to something. Thus stakes are used to support vines, to support fences, hedges and the like. A stake is not to be confounded with a post, which is a larger piece of timber.

2. A piece of long rough wood.

A sharpen'd stake strong Dryas found.

Dryden.

3. A palisade, or something resembling it.

Milton.

4. The piece of timber to which a martyr is fastened when he is to be burnt. Hence, to perish at the stake, is to die a martyr, or to die in torment. Hence,

5. Figuratively, martyrdom. The stake was prepared for those who were convicted of heresy.

6. That which is pledged or wagered; that which is set, thrown down or laid, to abide the issue of a contest, to be gained by victory or lost by defeat.

7. The state of being laid or pledged as a wager. His honor is at stake.

8. A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to cut and punch upon.

Moxon.

Stake

STAKE, verb transitive To fasten, support or defend with stakes; as, to stake vines or plants.

2. To mark the limits by stakes; with out; as, to stake out land; to stake out a new road, or the ground for a canal.

3. To wager; to pledge; to put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a future contingency.

I'll stake yon lamb that near the fountain plays.

Pope.

4. To point or sharpen stakes. [Not used in America.]

5. To pierce with a stake.

Spectator.

Staked

STA'KED, participle passive Fastened or supported by stakes; set or marked with stakes; wagered; put at hazard.

Stake-Head

STAKE-HEAD, noun In rope-making, a stake with wooden pins in the upper side to keep the strands apart.

Staking

STA'KING, participle of the present tense Supporting with stakes; marking with stakes; wagering; putting at hazard.

2. Sharpening; pointing.

Stalactic

STALAC'TIC, or STALAC'TICAL, adjective [from stalactite.] Pertaining to stalactite; resembling an icicle.

Kirwan.

Stalactiform

STALAC'TIFORM, or STALACTIT'IFORM, adjective Like stalactite; resembling an icicle.

Phillips.

Stalactite

STALAC'TITE, noun [Greek, from, to drop, from, Latin stillo.]

A subvariety of carbonate of lime, usually in a conical or cylindrical form, pendent from the roofs and sides of caverns like an icicle; produced by the filtration of water containing calcarious particles, through fissures and pores of rocks.

Encyc. Cleaveland.

Stalactitic

STALACTIT'IC, adjective In the form of stalactite, or pendent substances like icicles.

Kirwan.

Stalagmite

STALAG'MITE, noun [Latin stalagmium, a drop; Greek, supra.]

A deposit of earthy or calcarious matter, formed by drops on the floors of caverns.

Encyc. Woodward.

Stalagmitic

STALAGMIT'IC, adjective Having the form of stalagmite.

Stalagmitically

STALAGMIT'ICALLY, adverb In the form or manner of stalagmite.

Buckland.

Stalder

STAL'DER, noun A wooden frame to set casks on. [Not used in the U. States.]

Stale

STALE, adjective [I do not find this word in the other Teutonic dialects. It is probably from the root of still, German stellen, to set, and equivalent to stagnant.]

1. Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit and flavor from being long kept; as stale beer.

2. Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn out; decayed; as a stale virgin.

Spectator.

3. Worn out by use; trite; common; having lost its novelty and power of pleasing; as a stale remark.

Stale

STALE, noun [probably that which is set; German stellen. See Stall.]

1. Something set or offered to view as an allurement to draw others to any place or purpose; a decoy; a stool-fowl.

Still as he went, he crafty stales did lay.

Spenser.

A pretense of kindness is the universal stale to all base projects.

Gov. of the Tongue.

[In this sense obsolete.]

2. A prostitute. Obs.

Shak.

3. Old vapid beer. Obs.

4. A long handle; as the stale of a rake. [Saxon stel, stele; Dutch steel; German stiel.]

Mortimer.

5. A word applied to the king in chess when stalled or set; that is, when so situated that he cannot be moved without going into check, by which the game is ended.

Bacon.

Stale

STALE, verb transitive To make vapid or useless; to destroy the life, beauty or use of; to wear out.

Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale

Her infinite variety.

Shak.

Stale

STALE, verb intransitive [German stallen; Danish staller; Swedish stalla.]

To make water; to discharge urine; as horses and cattle.

Stale

STALE, noun Urine; used of horses and cattle.

Stalely

STA'LELY, adverb Of old; of a long time. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Staleness

STA'LENESS, noun The state of being stale; vapidness; the state of having lost the life or flavor; oldness; as the staleness of beer or other liquors; the staleness of provisions.

Bacon. Addison.

2. The state of being worn out; triteness; commonness; as the staleness of an observation.

Stalk

STALK, n. stauk. [Swedish stielk; Dutch steel; German stiel, a handle, and a stalk or stem; Saxon stoelg, a column; Greek; from the root of stall and German stellen, to set.]

1. The stem, culm or main body of an herbaceous plant. Thus we speak of a stalk of wheat, rye or oats, the stalks of maiz or hemp. The stalk of herbaceous plants, answers to the stem of shrubs and trees, and denotes that which is set, the fixed part of a plant, its support; or it is a shoot.

2. The pedicle of a flower, or the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant.

3. The stem of a quill.

Grew.

Stalk

STALK, verb intransitive [Saxon stoelcan.] To walk with high and proud steps; usually implying the affectation of dignity, and hence the word usually expresses dislike. The poets however use the word to express dignity of step.

With manly mein he stalk'd along the ground.

Dryden.

Then stalking through the deep He fords the ocean.

Addison.

2. It is used with some insinuation of contempt or abhorrence.

Johnson.

Bertran

Stalks close behind her, like a witch's fiend,

Pressing to be employ'd.

Dryden.

'Tis not to stalk about and draw fresh air

From time to time.

Addison.

3. To walk behind a stalking horse or behind a cover.

The king crept under the shoulder of his led horse, and said, I must stalk.

Bacon.

Stalk

STALK, noun A high, proud, stately step or walk.

Spenser.

Stalked

STALK'ED, adjective Having a stalk.

Stalker

STALK'ER, noun One who walks with a proud step; also, a kind of fishing net.

Stalking

STALK'ING, participle of the present tense Walking with proud or lofty steps.

Stalking-Horse

STALK'ING-HORSE, noun A horse, real or factitious, behind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of the game which he is aiming to kill; hence, a mask; a pretense.

Hypocrisy is the devil's stalking-horse, under an affectation of simplicity and religion.

L'Estrange.

Stalky

STALK'Y, adjective Hard as a stalk; resembling a stalk.

Mortimer.

Stall

STALL, noun [Saxon stoel, stal, stall, a place, a seat or station, a stable, state, condition;

Dutch stal; German stall, a stable, a stye; Danish stald; Swedish stall; French stalle; Italian stalla; Welsh ystal; from the root of German stellen, to set, that is, to throw down, to thrust down; Sanscrit stala, a place. See Still.]

1. Primarily, a stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or place where a horse or an ox is kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the apartment for one horse or ox. The stable contains eight or ten stalls.

2. A stable; a place for cattle.

At last he found a stall where oxen stood.

Dryden.

3. In 1 Kings 4:26. stall is used for horse. "Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots." In 2 Chronicles 9:25stall means stable. "Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots." These passages are reconciled by the definition given above; Solomon had four thousand stables, each containing ten stalls; forty thousand stalls.

4. A bench, form or frame of shelves in the open air, where any thing is exposed to sale. It is curious to observe the stalls of books in the boulevards and other public places in Paris.

5. A small house or shed in which an occupation is carried on; as a butcher's stall.

Spenser.

6. The seat of a dignified clergyman in the choir.

The dignified clergy, out of humility, have called their thrones by the name of stalls. [probably a mistake of the reason.]

Warburton.

Stall

STALL, verb transitive To put into a stable; or to keep in a stable; as, to stall an ox.

Where king Latinus then his oxen stall'd.

Dryden.

2. To install; to place in an office with the customary formalities. [For this, install is now used.]

3. To set; to fix; to plunge into mire so as not to be able to proceed; as, to stall horses or a carriage.

[This phrase I have heard in Virginia. In New England, set is used in a like sense.]

Stall

STALL, verb intransitive To dwell; to inhabit.

We could not stall together in the world. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. To kennel.

3. To be set, as in mire.

4. To be tired of eating, as cattle.

Stallage

STALL'AGE, noun The right of erecting stalls in fairs; or rent paid for a stall.

2. In old books, laystall; dung; compost.

Stallation

STALLA'TION, noun Installation. [Not used.]

Cavendish.

Stall-Fed

STALL'-FED, participle passive Fed on dry fodder, or fattened in a stall or stable. [See Stall-feed.]

Stall-Feed

STALL'-FEED, verb transitive [stall and feed.] To feed and fatten in a stable or on dry fodder; as, to stall-feed an ox. [This word is used in America to distinguish this mode of feeding from grass-feeding.]

Stall-Feeding

STALL'-FEEDING, participle of the present tense Feeding and fattening in the stable.

Stallion

STALLION, n. stal'yun. [German hengst; Danish staldhingst; French etalon; Italian stallone; from stall, or its root, as we now use stud horse, from the root of stud, stead; Welsh ystal, a stall, stock, produce; ystalu, to form a stock; ystalwyn, a stallion.]

A stone horse; a seed horse; or any male horse not castrated, whether kept for mares or not. According to the Welsh, the word signifies a stock horse, a horse intended for raising stock.

Stall-Worn

STALL-WORN, in Shakspeare, Johnson thinks a mistake for stall-worth, stout.

His stall-worn steed the champion stout bestrode. [The word is not in use.]

Shak.

Stamen

STAM'EN, noun plu. stamens or stamina. [Latin This word belongs to the root of sto, stabilis, or of stage.]

1. In a general sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it or gives it its strength and solidity. Thus we say, the bones are the stamina of animal bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina which constitute their strength. Hence,

2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of any thing; as the stamina of a constitution or of life; the stamina of a state.

3. In botany, an organ of flowers for the preparation of the pollen or fecundating dust. It consists of the filament and the anther. It is considered as the male organ of fructification.

Martyn.

Stamened

STAM'ENED, adjective Furnished with stamens.

Stamin

STAM'IN, noun A slight woolen stuff.

Chaucer.

Staminal

STAM'INAL, adjective Pertaining to stamens or stamina; consisting in stamens or stamina.

Med. Repos.

Staminate

STAM'INATE, adjective Consisting of stamens.

Staminate

STAM'INATE, verb transitive To endue with stamina.

Stamineous

STAMIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin stamineus.] Consisting of stamens or filaments. Stamineous flowers have no corol; they want the colored leaves called petals, and consist only of the style and stamina. Linne calls them apetalous; others imperfect or incomplete.

Martyn.

2. Pertaining to the stamen, or attached to it; as a stamineous nectary.

Lee.

Staminiferous

STAMINIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin stamen and fero, to bear.]

A staminiferous flower is one which has stamens without a pistil. A staminiferous nectary is one that has stamens growing on it.

Martyn.

Stammel

STAM'MEL, noun A species of red color.

B. Jonson.

2. A kind of woolen cloth. [See Stamin.]

Com. on Chaucer.

Stammer

STAM'MER, verb intransitive [Saxon stamer, one who stammers; Gothic stamms, stammering; Swedish stamma; German stammeln; Dutch stameren; Danish stammer; from the root stam or stem. The primary sense is to stop, to set, to fix. So slutter is from the root of stead, stud.]

Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or words; to stutter; to hesitate or falter in speaking; and hence, to speak with stops and difficulty. Demosthenes is said to have stammered in speaking, and to have overcome the difficulty by persevering efforts.

Stammer

STAM'MER, verb transitive To utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly.

Beaum.

Stammerer

STAM'MERER, noun One that stutters or hesitates in speaking.

Stammering

STAM'MERING, participle of the present tense Stopping or hesitating in the uttering of syllables and words; stuttering.

2. adjective Apt to stammer.

Stammering

STAM'MERING, noun The act of stopping or hesitating in speaking; impediment in speech.

Stammeringly

STAM'MERINGLY, adverb With stops or hesitation in speaking.

Stamp

STAMP, verb transitive [Dutch stampen; German stampfen; Danish stamper; Swedish stampa; French estamper; Italian stampare; Spanish estampar. I know not which is the radical letter, m or p.]

In a general sense, to strike; to beat; to press. Hence,

1. To strike or beat forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot down-wards; as, to stamp the ground.

He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

Dryden.

[In this sense, the popular pronunciation is stomp, with a broad.]

2. To impress with some mark or figure; as, to stamp a plate with arms or initials.

3. To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp virtuous principles on the heart. [See Enstamp.]

4. To fix a mark by impressing it; as a notion of the Deity stamped on the mind.

God has stamped no original characters on our minds, wherein we may read his being.

Locke.

5. To make by impressing a mark; as, to stamp pieces of silver.

6. To coin; to mint; to form.

Shak.

Stamp

STAMP, verb intransitive To strike the foot forcibly downwards.

But starts, exclaims, and stamps, and raves, and dies.

Dennis.

Stamp

STAMP, noun Any instrument for making impressions on other bodies.

'I is gold so pure,

It cannot bear the stamp without alloy.

Dryden.

2. A mark imprinted; an impression.

That sacred name gives ornament and grace,

And, like his stamp, makes basest metals pass.

Dryden.

3. That which is marked; a thing stamped.

Hanging a golden stamp about their necks.

Shak.

4. A picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; a cut; a plate.

At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several edifices which are most famous for their beauty and magnificence.

Addison.

5. A mark set upon things chargeable with duty to government, as evidence that the duty is paid. We see such stamps on English newspapers.

6. A character of reputation, good or bad, fixed on any thing. These persons have the stamp of impiety. The Scriptures bear the stamp of a divine origin.

7. Authority; current value derived from suffrage or attestation.

Of the same stamp is that which is obtruded on us, that an adamant suspends the attraction of the loadstone.

Brown.

8. Make; cast; form; character; as a man of the same stamp, or of a different stamp.

Addison.

9. In metallurgy, a kind of pestle raised by a water wheel, for beating ores to pow- der; any thing like a pestle used for pounding or beating.

Stamp-Duty

STAMP'-DUTY, noun [stamp and duty.] A duty or tax imposed on paper and parchment, the evidence of the payment of which is a stamp.

Stamped

STAMP'ED, participle passive Impressed with a mark or figure; coined; imprinted; deeply fixed.

Stamper

STAMP'ER, noun An instrument for pounding or stamping.

Stamping

STAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Impressing with a mark or figure; coining; imprinting.

Stamping-Mill

STAMP'ING-MILL, noun An engine used in tin works for breaking or bruising ore.

Stan

STAN, as a termination, is said to have expressed the superlative degree; as in Athelstan, most noble; Dunstan, the highest. But qu. Stan, in Saxon, is stone.

Stanch

STANCH, v.t. [French etancher; Armoric stanÃƒ-§oa; Spanish Portugese estancar, to stop, to stanch, to be over tired; Italian stancare, to weary; Spanish Portugese estancia, a stay or dwelling for a time, an abode, and a stanza; Spanish estanco, a stop; hence French etang, a pond, and tank.]

In a general sense, to stop; to set or fix; but applied only to the blood; to stop the flowing of blood. Cold applications to the neck will often stanch the bleeding of the nose.

Bacon.

Stanch

STANCH, v.i. To stop, as blood; to cease to flow.

Immediately the issue of her blood stanched. Luke 8.

Stanch

STANCH, adjective [This is the same word as the foregoing, the primary sense of which is to set; hence the sense of firmness.]

1. Sound; firm; strong and tight; as a stanch ship.

2. Firm in principle; steady; constant and zealous; hearty; as a stanch churchman; a stanch republican; a stanch friend or adherent.

In politics I hear you're stanch.

Prior.

3. Strong; not to be broken.

Shak.

4. Firm; close.

This is to be kept stanch.

Locke.

A stanch hound, is one that follows the scent closely without error or remissness.

Stanched

STANCH'ED, participle passive Stopped or restrained from flowing.

Stancher

STANCH'ER, noun He or that which stops the flowing of blood.

Stanching

STANCH'ING, participle of the present tense Stopping the flowing of blood.

Stanchion

STANCH'ION, noun [French etanÃƒ-§on; Armoric stanÃƒ-§onnu and stanconni, to prop. See Stanch.]

A prop or support; a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post, used for a support. In ship-building, stanchions of wood or iron are of different forms, and are used to support the deck, the quarter rails, the nettings, awnings and the like.

Mar. Dict.

Stanchless

STANCH'LESS, adjective That cannot be stanched or stopped.

Shak.

Stanchness

STANCH'NESS, noun Soundness; firmness in principle; closeness of adherence.

Stand

STAND, v.i. pret. and pp. stood. [Saxon Gothic standan. This verb, if from the root of German stehen, Dutch staaen, Danish staaer, Swedish stÃƒ-¥, Sanscrit sta, Latin sto, is a derivative from the noun, which is formed from the participle of the original verb. In this case, the noun should properly precede the verb. It may be here remarked that if stan is the radical word, stand and Latin sto cannot be from the same stock. But stand in the pret. is stood, and sto forms steti. This induces a suspicion that stan is not the root of stand, but that n is casual. I am inclined however to believe these words to be from different roots. The Russian stoyu, to stand, is the Latin sto, but it signifies also to be, to exist, being the substantive verb. So in Italian stare, Spanish Portugese estar.]

1. To be upon the feet, as an animal; not to sit, kneel or lie.

The absolution to be pronounced by the priest alone, standing.

Com. Prayer.

And the king turned his face about and blessed all the congregation of Israel, and all the congregation of Israel stood. I Kings 8.

2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a tree or other plant. Notwithstanding the violence of the wind, the tree yet stands.

3. To be on its foundation; not to be overthrown or demolished; as, an old castle is yet standing.

4. To be placed or situated; to have a certain position or location. Paris stands on the Seine. London stands on the Thames.

5. To remain upright, in a moral sense; not to fall.

To stand or fall,

Free in thy own arbitrement it lies.

Milton.

6. To become erect.

Mute and amaz'd, my hair with horror stood.

Dryden.

7. To stop; to halt; not to proceed.

I charge thee, stand,

And tell thy name.

Dryden.

8. To stop; to be at a stationary point.

Say, at what part of nature will they stand?

Pope.

9. To be in a state of fixedness; hence, to continue; to endure. Our constitution has stood nearly forty years. It is hoped it will stand for ages.

Commonwealths by virtue ever stood.

Dryden.

10. To be fixed or steady; not to vacillate. His mind stands unmoved.

11. To be in or to maintain a posture of resistance or defense. Approach with charged bayonets; the enemy will not stand.

The king granted the Jews to stand for their life. Esther 8.

12. To be placed with regard to order or rank. Note the letter that stands first in order. Gen. Washington stood highest in public estimation. Christian charity stands first in the rank of gracious affections.

13. To be in any particular state; to be, emphatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or set; the primary sense of the substantive verb. How does the value of wheat stand? God stands in no need of our services, but we always stand in need of his aid and hismercy.

Accomplish what your signs foreshow;

I stand resign'd.

Dryden.

14. To continue unchanged or valid; not to fail or become void.

No conditions of our peace can stand.

Shak.

My mercy will I keep for him, and my covenant shall stand fast with him. Psalm 89.

15. To consist; to have its being and essence.

SacrificesÃ‚--which stood only in meats and drinks. Hebrews 9.

16. To have a place.

This excellent man, who stood not on the advantage-ground before, provoked men of all qualities.

Clarendon.

17. To be in any state. Let us see how our matters stand.

As things now stand with usÃ‚--

Calamy.

18. To be in a particular respect or relation; as, to stand godfather to one. We ought to act according to the relation we stand in towards each other.

19. To be, with regard to state of mind.

stand in awe, and sin not. Psalm 4.

20. To succeed; to maintain one's ground; not to fail; to be acquitted; to be safe.

Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fallÃ‚--

Spectator.

21. To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the shore; to stand for the harbor.

From the same parts of heav'n his navy stands.

Dryden.

22. To have a direction.

The wand did not really stand to the metal, when placed under it.

Boyle.

23. To offer one's self as a candidate.

He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university.

Saunderson.

24. To place one's self; to be placed.

I stood between the Lord and you at that timeÃ‚-- Deuteronomy 5.

25. To stagnate; not to flow.

Ã‚--Or the black water of Pomptina stands.

Dryden.

26. To be satisfied or convinced.

Though Page be a secure fool, and stand so firmly on his wife's frailtyÃ‚--

Shak.

27. To make delay. I cannot stand to examine every particular.

28. To persist; to persevere.

Never stand in a lie when thou art accused.

Taylor.

29. To adhere; to abide.

Despair would stand to the sword.

Daniel.

30. To be permanent; to endure; not to vanish or fade; as, the color will stand.

To stand by, to be near; to be a spectator; to be present. I stood by when the operation was performed. This phrase generally implies that the person is inactive, or takes no part in what is done. In seamen's language, to stand by is to attend and be ready. Stand by the haliards.

2. To be aside; to be placed aside with disregard.

In the mean time, we let the commands stand by neglected.

Decay of Piety.

3. To maintain; to defend; to support; not to desert. I will stand by my friend to the last. Let us stand by our country. ``To stand by the Arundelian marbles.' in Pope, is to defend or support their genuineness.

4. To rest on for support; to be supported.

This reply standeth by conjecture.

Whitgifte.

To stand for, to offer one's self as a candidate.

How many stand for consulships?Ã‚--Three.

Shak.

2. To side with; to support; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain. We all stand for freedom, for our rights or claims.

3. To be in the place of; to be the substitute or representative of. A cipher at the left hand of a figure stands for nothing.

I will not trouble myself, whether these names stand for the same thing, or really include one another.

Locke.

4. In seamen's language, to direct the course towards.

To stand from, to direct the course from.

To stand one in, to cost. The coat stands him in twenty dollars.

To stand in, or stand in for, in seamen's language, is to direct a course towards land or a harbor.

To stand off, to keep at a distance.

Dryden.

2. Not to comply.

Shak.

3. To keep at a distance in friendship or social intercourse; to forbear intimacy.

We stand off from an acquaintance with God.

Atterbury.

4. To appear prominent; to have relief.

Picture is best when it standeth off, as if it were carved.

Wotton.

To stand off, or off from, in seamen's language, is to direct the course from land. To stand off and on, is to sail towards land and then from it.

To stand out, to project; to be prominent.

Their eyes stand out with fatness. Psalm 73.

2. To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede.

His spirit is come in,

That so stood out against the holy church.

Shak.

3. With seamen, to direct the course from land or a harbor.

To stand to, to ply; to urge efforts; to persevere.

Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars.

Dryden.

2. To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion.

I still stand to it, that this is his sense.

Stillingfleet.

3. To abide by; to adhere; as to a contract, assertion, promise, &c.; as, to stand to an award; to stand to one's word.

4. Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain the ground.

Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away.

Bacon.

To stand to sea, to direct the course from land.

To stand under, to undergo; to sustain.

Shak.

To stand up, to rise from sitting; to be on the feet.

2. To arise in order to gain notice.

Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought no accusation of such things as I supposed. Acts 25.

3. To make a party.

When we stood up about the cornÃ‚--

Shak.

To stand up for, to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to support; as, to stand up for the administration.

To stand upon, to concern; to interest. Does it not stand upon them to examine the grounds of their opinion? This phrase is, I believe, obsolete; but we say, it stands us in hand, that is, it is our concern, it is for our interest.

2. To value; to pride.

We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth.

Ray.

3. To insist; as, to stand upon security.

Shak.

To stand with, to be consistent. The faithful servants of God will receive what they pray for, so far as stands with his purposes and glory.

It stands with reason that they should be rewarded liberally.

Davies.

To stand together, is used, but the last two phrases are not in very general use, and are perhaps growing obsolete.

To stand against, to oppose; to resist.

To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable.

To stand in hand, to be important to one's interest; to be necessary or advantageous. It stands us in hand to be on good terms with our neighbors.

Stand

STAND, verb transitive To endure; to sustain; to bear. I cannot stand the cold or the heat.

2. To endure; to resist without yielding or receding.

So had I stood the shock of angry fate.

Smith.

He stood the furious foe.

Pope.

3. To await; to suffer; to abide by.

Bid him disband the legionsÃ‚--

And stand the judgment of a Roman senate.

Addison.

To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain one's position; in a literal or figurative sense; as, an army stands its ground, when it is not compelled to retreat. A man stands his ground in an argument, when he is able to maintain it, or is not refuted.

To stand it, to bear; to be able to endure; or to maintain one's ground or state; a popular phrase.

To stand trial, is to sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.

Stand

STAND, noun [Sanscrit stana, a place, a mansion, state, &c.]

1. A stop; a halt; as, to make a stand; to come to a stand, either in walking or in any progressive business.

The horse made a stand, when he charged them and routed them.

Clarendon.

2. A station; a place or post where one stands; or a place convenient for persons to remain for any purpose. The sellers of fruit have their several stands in the market.

I took my stand upon an eminence.

Spectator.

3. Rank; post; station.

Father, since your fortune did attain

So high a stand, I mean not to descend.

Daniel.

[In lien of this, standing is now used. He is a man of high standing in his own country.]

4. The act of opposing.

We have come off

Like Romans; neither foolish in our stands,

Nor cowardly in retire.

Shak.

5. The highest point; or the ultimate point of progression, where a stop is made, and regressive motion commences. The population of the world will not come to a stand, while the means of subsistence can be obtained. The prosperity of the Roman empire came to a stand in the reign of Augustus; after which it declined.

Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow.

Dryden.

6. A young tree, usually reserved when the other trees are cut. [English.]

7. A small table; as a candle-stand; or any frame on which vessels and utensils may be laid.

8. In commerce, a weight of from two hundred and a half to three hundred of pitch.

Encyc.

9. Something on which a thing rests or is laid; as a hay-stand.

Stand of arms, in military affairs, a musket with its usual appendages, as a bayonet, cartridge box, &c.

Marshall.

To be at a stand, to stop on account of some doubt or difficulty; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed; to hesitate what to determine, or what to do.

Standard

STAND'ARD, noun [Italian stendardo; French etendard; Spanish estandarte; Dutch standaard; German standarte; stand and ard, sort, kind.]

1. An ensign of war; a staff with a flag or colors. The troops repair to their standard. The royal standard of Great Britain is a flag, in which the imperial ensigns of England, Scotland and Ireland are quartered with the armorial bearings of Hanover.

His armies, in the following day,

On those fair plains their standards proud display.

Fairfax.

2. That which is established by sovereign power as a rule or measure by which others are to be adjusted. Thus the Winchester bushel is the standard of measures in Great Britain, and is adopted in the U. States as their standard. So of weights and of long measure.

3. That which is established as a rule or model, by the authority of public opinion, or by respectable opinions, or by custom or general consent; as writings which are admitted to be the standard of style and taste. Homer's Iliad is the standard of heroic poetry. Demosthenes and Cicero are the standards of oratory. Of modern eloquence, we have an excellent standard in the speeches of lord Chatham. Addison's writings furnish a good standard of pure, chaste and elegant English style. It is not an easy thing to erect a standard of taste.

4. In coinage, the proportion of weight of fine metal and alloy established by authority. The coins of England and of the United States are of nearly the same standard.

By the present standard of the coinage, sixty two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.

Arbuthnot.

5. A standing tree or stem; a tree not supported or attached to a wall.

Plant fruit of all sorts and standard, mural, or shrubs which lose their leaf.

Evelyn.

6. In ship-building, an inverted knee placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.

Mar. Dict.

7. In botany, the upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corol.

Martyn.

Standard-Bearer

STAND'ARD-BEARER, noun [standard and bear.]

An officer of an army, company or troop, that bears a standard; an ensign of infantry or a cornet of horse.

Stand-Crop

STAND-CROP, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Standel

STAND'EL, noun A tree of long standing. [Not used.]

Howell.

Stander

STAND'ER, noun One who stands.

2. A tree that has stood long. [Not used.]

Ascham.

Stander-By

STAND'ER-BY, noun One that stands near; one that is present; a mere spectator. [We now more generally use by-stander.]

Hooker. Addison.

Stander-Grass

STAND'ER-GRASS, noun A plant. [Latin statyrion.]

Ainsworth.

Standing

STAND'ING, participle of the present tense Being on the feet; being erect. [See Stand.]

2. Moving in a certain direction to or from an object.

3. adjective Settled; established, either by law or by custom, &c.; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as a standing army. Money is the standing measure of the value of all other commodities. Legislative bodies have certain standing rules of proceeding. Courts of law are or ought to be governed by standing rules. There are standing rules of pleading. The gospel furnishes us with standing rules of morality. The Jews by their dispersion and their present condition, are a standing evidence of the truth of revelation and of the prediction of Moses. Many fashionable vices and follies ought to be the standing objects of ridicule.

4. Lasting; not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; as a standing color.

5. Stagnant; not flowing; as standing water.

6. Fixed; not movable; as a standing bed; distinguished from a truckle bed.

Shak.

7. Remaining erect; not cut down; as standing corn.

Standing rigging, of a ship. This consists of the cordage or ropes which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their position. Such are the shrouds and stays.

Standing

STAND'ING, noun Continuance; duration or existence; as a custom of long standing.

2. Possession of an office, character or place; as a patron or officer of long standing.

3. Station; place to stand in.

I will provide you with a good standing to see his entry.

Bacon.

4. Power to stand.

I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing. Psalm 69.

5. Rank; condition in society; as a man of good standing or of high standing among his friends.

Standish

STAND'ISH, noun [stand and dish.] A case for pen and ink.

I bequeath to Dean Swift my large silver standish.

Swift.

Stane

STANE, noun [Saxon stan.] A stone. [Local.] [See Stone.]

Stang

STANG, noun [Saxon stoeng, steng, a pole or stick; Danish stang; German stange; Swedish stÃƒ-¥ng; Italian stanga, a bar; Welsh ystang, a pole or perch; allied to sting and stanchion; from shooting.]

1. A pole, rod or perch; a measure of land. [Not in use.]

Swift.

2. A long bar; a pole; a shaft.

To ride the stang, is to be carried on a pole on men's shoulders, in derision. [Local.]

Todd.

Stang

STANG, verb intransitive To shoot with pain. [Local.]

Grose.

Stank

STANK, adjective Weak; worn out. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Stank

STANK, verb intransitive To sigh. [Not used.]

Stank

STANK, old pret. of stink. Stunk is now used.

Stank

STANK, noun [Welsh ystanc. See Stanch.] A dam or mound to stop water. [Local.]

Stannary

STAN'NARY, adjective [from Latin stannum, tin, Irish stan; Welsh ystaen. See Tin.]

Relating to the tin works; as stannary courts.

Blackstone.

Stannary

STAN'NARY, noun A tin mine.

Hall.

Stannel

STAN'NEL, or STAN'YEL, noun The kestrel, a species of hawk; called also stonegall and wind-hover.

Ed. Encyc.

Stannic

STAN'NIC, adjective Pertaining to tin; procured from tin; as the stannic acid.

Lavoisier.

Stanza

STAN'ZA, noun [Italian stanza, an abode or lodging, a stanza, that is, a stop; Spanish Portugese estancia, from estancar, to stop; French stance. See Stanch.]

In poetry, a number of lines or verses connected with each other, and ending in a full point or pause; a part of a poem containing every variation of measure in that poem. A stauza may contain verses of a different length or number of syllables, and a different number of verses; or it may consist of verses of equal length. Stanzas are said to have been first introduced from the Italian into French poetry about the year 1580, and thence they were introduced into England. The versions of the Psalms present examples of various kinds of stanzas.

Horace confines himself to one sort of verse or stanza in every ode.

Dryden.

Stapazin

STAP'AZIN, noun A bird, a species of warbler.

Staple

STA'PLE, noun [Saxon stapel, stapul, a stake; Dutch stapel, a pile, stocks, staple; stapelen, to pile; German stapel, a stake, a pile or heap, a staple, stocks, a mart; Swedish stapel; Danish stabel, a staple; stabler, to pile; stabbe, a block or log; stab, a staff. We see this word is from the root of staff. The primary sense of the root is to set, to fix. Staple is that which is fixed, or a fixed place, or it is a pile or store.]

1. A settled mart or market; an emporium. In England, formerly, the king's staple was established in certain ports or towns, and certain goods could not be exported, without being first brought to these ports to be rated and charged with the duty payable to the king or public. The principal commodities on which customs were levied, were wool, skins and lether, and these were originally the staple commodities, came in time to signify the principal commodities produced by a country for exportation or use. Thus cotton is the staple commodity of South Carolina, Georgia and other southern states of America. Wheat is the staple of Pennsylvania and New York.

2. A city or town where merchants agree to carry certain commodities.

3. The thread or pile of wool, cotton or flax. Thus we say, this is wool of a coarse staple, or fine staple. In America, cotton is of a short staple, long staple, fine staple, &c. The cotton of short staple is raised on the upland; the sea-island cotton is of a fine long staple.

4. [Welsh ystwfwl.] A loop of iron, or a bar or wire bent and formed with two points to be driven into wood, to hold a hook, pin, &c.

Pope.

Staple of land, the particular nature and quality of land.

Staple

STA'PLE, adjective Settled; established in commerce; as a staple trade.

2. According to the laws of commerce; marketable; fit to be sold. [Not much used.]

Swift.

3. Chief; principal; regularly produced or made for market; as staple commodities. [This is now the most general acceptation of the word.]

Stapler

STA'PLER, noun A dealer; as a wool stapler.

Star

ST`AR, noun [Saxon steorra; Danish Swedish stierna; German stern; Dutch star; Armoric Cornish steren; Basque, zarra; Greek; Sanscrit tara; Bengal. stara; Pehlavi, setaram; Pers. setareh or stara.]

1. An apparently small luminous body in the heavens, that appears in the night, or when its light is not obscured by clouds or lost in the brighter effulgence of the sun. Stars are fixed or planetary. The fixed stars are known by their perpetual twinkling, and by their being always in the same position in relation to each other. The planets do not twinkle, and they revolve about the sun. The stars are worlds, and their immense numbers exhibit the astonishing extent of creation and of divine power.

2. The pole-star. [A particular application, not in use.]

Shak.

3. In astrology, a configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune. Hence the expression, "You may thank your stars for such and such an event."

A pair of star-cross'd lovers.

Shak.

4. The figure of a star; a radiated mark in writing or printing; an asterisk; thus *; used as a reference to a note in the margin, or to fill a blank in writing or printing where letters are omitted.

5. In Scripture, Christ is called the bright and morning star, the star that ushers in the light of an eternal day to his people. Revelation 22.

Ministers are also called stars in Christ's right hand, as, being supported and directed by Christ, they convey light and knowledge to the followers of Christ. Revelation 1.

The twelve stars which form the crown of the church, are the twelve apostles. Revelation 12.

6. The figure of a star; a badge of rank; as stars and garters.

The pole-star, a bright star in the tail of Ursa minor, so called from its being very near the north pole.

Star of Bethlehem, a flower and plant of the genus Ornithogalum. There is also the star of Alexandria, and of Naples, and of Constantinople, of the same genus.

Cyc. Lee.

Star

ST`AR, verb transitive To set or adorn with stars or bright radiating bodies; to bespangle; as a robe starred with gems.

Star-Apple

ST`AR-APPLE, noun A globular or oliveshaped fleshy fruit, inclosing a stone of the same shape. It grows in the warm climates of America, and is eaten by way of dessert. It is of the genus Chrysophyllum.

Miller. Cyc.

Star-Fish

ST`AR-FISH, noun [star and fish.] The sea star or asterias, a genus of marine animals or zoophytes, so named because their body is divided into rays, generally five in number, in the center of which and below is the mouth, which is the only orifice of the alimentary canal. They are covered with a coriaceous skin. armed with points or spines and pierced with numerous small holes, arranged in regular series, through which pass membranaceous tentacula or feelers, terminated each by a little disk or cup, by means of which they execute their progressive motions.

Cuvier.

Star-Flower

ST`AR-FLOWER, noun A plant, a species of Ornithogalum.

Cyc.

A plant of the genus Stellaria.

Lee.

Stargazer

ST`ARGAZER, noun [star and gazer.] One who gazes at the stars; a term of contempt for an astrologer, sometimes used ludicrously for an astronomer.

Stargazing

ST`ARGAZING, noun The act or practice of observing the stars with attention; astrology.

Swift.

Star-Grass

ST`AR-GRASS, noun [star and grass.] Starry duck meat, a plant of the genus Callitriche.

Lee.

Star-Hawk

STAR-HAWK, noun A species of hawk so called.

Ainsworth.

Star-Hyacinth

ST`AR-HYACINTH, noun A plant of the genus Scilla.

Star-Jelly

ST`AR-JELLY, noun A plant, the Tremella, one of the Fungi; also, star-shoot, a gelatinous substance.

Starless

ST`ARLESS, adjective Having no stars visible or no starlight; as a starless night.

Milton. Dryden.

Starlight

ST`ARLIGHT, noun [star and light.] The light proceeding from the stars.

Nor walk by moon

Or glittering starlight, without thee is sweet.

Milton.

Starlight

ST`ARLIGHT, adjective Lighted by the stars, or by the stars only; as a starlight evening.

Dryden.

Starlike

ST`ARLIKE, adjective [star and like.] Resembling a star; stellated; radiated like a star; as starlike flowers.

Mortimer.

2. Bright; illustrious.

The having turned many to righteousness shall confer a starlike and immortal brightness.

Boyle.

Starling

ST`ARLING, noun [Saxon stoer; Swedish stare.]

1. A bird, the stare, of the genus Sturnus.

2. A defense to the piers of bridges.

Starost

STA'ROST, noun In Poland, a feudatory; one who holds as fief.

Starosty

STA'ROSTY, noun A fief; an estate held by feudal service.

Star-Paved

ST`AR-PAVED, adjective [star and paved.] Studded with stars.

The road of heaven star-paved.

Milton.

Star-Proof

ST`AR-PROOF, adjective [star and proof. Impervious to the light of the stars; as a starproof elm.

Milton.

Star-Read

ST`AR-READ, noun [star and read.] Doctrine of the stars; astronomy. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Starred

ST`ARRED, participle passive or adjective [from star.] Adoruned or studded with stars; as the starred queen of Ethiopia.

Milton.

2. Influenced in fortune by the stars.

My third comfort,

Starr'd most unluckilyÃ‚--

Shak.

Starring

ST`ARRING, participle of the present tense or adjective Adorning with stars.

2. Shining; bright; sparkling; as starring comets. [Not in use.]

Starry

ST`ARRY, adjective [from star.] Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.

Above the clouds, above the starry sky.

Pope.

2. Consisting of stars; stellar; stellary; proceeding from the stars; as starry light; starry flame.

Spenser. Dryden.

3. Shining like stars; resembling stars; as starry eyes.

Shak.

Star-Shoot

ST`AR-SHOOT, noun [star and shoot.] That which is emitted from a star.

I have seen a good quantity of that jelly, by the vulgar called a star-shoot, as if it remained upon the extinction of a falling star.

Bacon.

[The writer once saw the same kind of substance from a brilliant meteor, at Amherst in Massachusetts. See Journ. of Science for a description of it by Rufus Graves, Esq.]

Star-Stone

ST`AR-STONE, noun Asteria, a kind of extraneous fossil, consisting of regular joints, each of which is of a radiated figure.

Encyc.

Star-Thistle

ST`AR-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Centaurea.

Star-Wort

ST`AR-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Aster, and another of the genus Iridax. The yellou star-wort is of the genus Inula or elecampane.

Starboard

ST`ARBOARD, noun [Saxon steor-board; German steuerbort, as if from steuer, the rudder or helm; Dutch stuur-bord, as if from stuur, helm; Swedish Danish styr-bord. But in French stribord, Spanish estribor, Armoric strybourz or stribourh, are said to be contracted from dexter-bord, rightside. I know not from what particular construction of a vessel the helm should give name to the right hand side, unless from the tiller's being held by the right hand, or at the right side of the steers-man.]

The right hand side of a ship or boat, when a spectator stands with his face towards the head, stem or prow.

Starboard

ST`ARBOARD, adjective Pertaining to the right hand side of a ship; being or lying on the right side; as the starboard shrouds; starboard quarter; starboard tack. In seamanship, starboard, uttered by the master of a ship, is an order to the helmsman to put the helm to the starboard side.

Mar. Dict.

Starch

ST`ARCH, noun [Saxon stearc, rigid, stiff; German stÃƒ-¤rke, strength, starch; stark, strong; Dutch sterk, Danish stoerk, Swedish stark, strong. See Stare and Steer.]

A substance used to stiffen linen and other cloth. It is the fecula of flour, or a substance that subsides from water mixed with wheat flour. It is sometimes made from potatoes. Starch forms the greatest portion of farinaceous substances, particularly of wheat flour, and it is the chief aliment of bread.

Starch

ST`ARCH, adjective Stiff; precise; rigid.

Killingbeck.

Starch

ST`ARCH, verb transitive To stiffen with starch.

Gay.

Star-Chamber

ST`AR-CHAMBER, noun Formerly, a court of criminal jurisdiction in England. This court was abolished by Stat. 16 Charles I. See Blackstone, B. iv. ch. xix.

Starched

ST`ARCHED, participle passive Stiffened with starch.

2. adjective Stiff; precise; formal.

Swift.

Starchedness

ST`ARCHEDNESS, noun Stiffness in manners; formality.

Addison.

Starcher

ST`ARCHER, noun One who starches, or whose occupation is to starch.

Johnson.

Starching

ST`ARCHING, participle of the present tense Stiffening with starch.

Starchly

ST`ARCHLY, adverb With stiffness of manner; formally.

Starchness

ST`ARCHNESS, noun Stiffness of manner; preciseness.

Starchy

ST`ARCHY, adjective Stiff; precise.

Stare

STARE, noun [Saxon stoer; German stahr; Swedish stare.] A bird, the starling.

Stare

STARE, verb intransitive [Saxon starian; Danish stirrer; Swedish stirra; German starren; Dutch staaren. In Swedish stirra ut fingren, is to open one's fingers. The sense then is to open or extend, and it seems to be closely allied to German starr, stiff, and to starch, stern, which imply straining, tension.]

1. To gaze; to look with fixed eyes wide open; to fasten an earnest look on some object. Staring is produced by wonder, surprise, stupidity, horror, fright and sometimes by eagerness to hear or learn somethings, sometimes by impudence. We say, he stared with astonishment.

Look not big, nor stare, nor fret.

Shak.

2. To stand out; to be prominent.

Take off all the staring straws and jagges in the hive. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or undeniably evident.

The law stares them in the face, while they are breaking it.

Locke.

Stare

STARE, noun A fixed look with eyes wide open.

Dryden.

Starer

STA'RER, noun One who stares or gazes.

Staring

STA'RING, participle of the present tense Gazing; looking with fixed eyes.

Stark

ST`ARK, adjective [Saxon sterc, stearc; Dutch sterk; German stark, stiff, strong; formed on the root of the German starr, stiff, rigid, steer; from straining, stretching. See Starch and Steer.]

1. Stiff; strong; rugged.

Many a nobleman lies stark and stiff,

Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies.

Shak.

The north is not so stark and cold. Obs.

B. Jonson.

2. Deep; full; profound; absolute.

Consider the stark security

The commonwealth is in now. Obs.

B. Jonson.

3. Mere; gross; absolute.

He pronounces the citation stark nonsense.

Collier.

Stark

ST`ARK, adverb Wholly; entirely; absolutely; as stark mad; stark blind; stark naked. These are the principal applications of this word now in use. The word is in popular use, but not an elegant word in any of its applications.

Starkly

ST`ARKLY, adverb Stiffly; strongly. Obs.

Shak.

Start

ST`ART, verb intransitive [Dutch storten, to pour, to spill, to fall, to rush, to tumble; Swedish st?rta, to roll upon the head, to pitch headlong. In Saxon steort is a tail, that is, a shoot or projection; hence the promontory so called in Devonshire. The word seems to be a derivative from the root of star, steer. The primary sense is to shoot, to dart suddenly, or to spring.]

1. To move suddenly, as if by a twitch; as, to start in sleep or by a sudden spasm.

2. To move suddenly, as by an involuntary shrinking from sudden fear or alarm.

I start as from some dreadful dream.

Dryden.

3. To move with sudden quickness, as with a spring or leap.

A spirit fit to start into an empire,

And look the world to law.

Dryden.

4. To shrink; to wince.

But if he start,

It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.

Shak.

5. To move suddenly aside; to deviate; generally with from, out of, or aside.

Th' old drudging sun from his long beaten way

Shall at thy voice start and misguide the day.

Cowley.

Keep your soul to the work when ready to start aside.

Watts.

6. To set out; to commence a race, as from a barrier or goal. The horses started at the word, go.

At once they start, advancing in a line.

Dryden.

7. To set out; to commence a journey or enterprise. The public coaches start at six o'clock.

When two start into the world togetherÃ‚--

Collier.

To start up, to rise suddenly, as from a seat or couch; or to come suddenly into notice or importance.

Start

ST`ART, verb transitive To alarm; to disturb suddenly; to startle; to rouse.

Upon malicious bravery dost thou come,

To start my quiet?

Shak.

2. To rouse suddenly from concealment; to cause to flee or fly; as, to start a hare or a woodcock; to start game.

Pope.

3. To bring into motion; to produce suddenly to view or notice.

Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Cesar.

Shak.

The present occasion has started the dispute among us.

Lesley.

So we say, to start a question, to start an objection; that is, to suggest or propose anew.

4. To invent or discover; to bring within pursuit.

Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.

Temple.

5. To move suddenly from its place; to dislocate; as, to start a bone.

One started the end of the clavicle from the sternum.

Wiseman.

6. To empty, as liquor from a cask; to pour out; as, to start wine into another cask.

Mar. Dict.

Start

ST`ART, noun A sudden motion of the body, produced by spasm; a sudden twitch or spasmodic affection; as a start in sleep.

2. A sudden motion from alarm.

The fright awaken'd Arcite with a start.

Dryden.

3. A sudden rousing to action; a spring; excitement.

Now fear I this will give it start again.

Shak.

4. Sally; sudden motion or effusion; a bursting forth; as starts of fancy.

To check the starts and sallies of the soul.

Addison.

5. Sudden fit; sudden motion followed by intermission.

For she did speak in starts distractedly.

Shak.

Nature does nothing by starts and leaps, or in a hurry.

L'Estrange.

6. A quick spring; a darting; a shoot; a push; as, to give a start.

Both cause the string to give a quicker start.

Bacon.

7. First motion from a place; act of setting out.

The start of first performance is all.

Bacon.

You stand like grayhounds in the slips,

Straining upon the start.

Shak.

To get the start, to begin before another; to gain the advantage in a similar undertaking.

Get the start of the majestic world.

Shak.

She might have forsaken him, if he had not got the start of her.

Dryden.

Start

ST`ART, noun A projection; a push; a horn; a tail. In the latter sense it occurs in the name of the bird red-start. Hence the Start, in Devonshire.

Started

ST`ARTED, participle passive Suddenly roused or alarmed; poured out, as a liquid; discovered; proposed; produced to view.

Starter

ST`ARTER, noun One that starts; one that shrinks from his purpose.

Hudibras.

2. One that suddenly moves or suggests a question or an objection.

3. A dog that rouses game.

Delany.

Startful

ST`ARTFUL, adjective Apt to start; skittish.

Startfulness

ST`ARTFULNESS, noun Aptness to start.

Starting

ST`ARTING, participle of the present tense Moving suddenly; shrinking; rousing; commencing, as a jonrney, &c.

Starting

ST`ARTING, noun The act of moving suddenly.

Starting-Hole

ST`ARTING-HOLE, noun A loophole; evasion.

Martin.

Startingly

ST`ARTINGLY, adverb By sudden fits or starts.

Shak.

Starting-Post

ST`ARTING-POST, noun [start and post.] A post, stake, barrier or place from which competitors in a race start or begin the race.

Startish

ST`ARTISH, adjective Apt to start; skittish; shy.

Startle

ST`ARTLE, verb intransitive [dim. of start.] To shrink; to move suddenly or be excited on feeling a sudden alarm.

Why shrinks the soul

Back on herself, and startles at destruction?

Addison.

Startle

ST`ARTLE, verb transitive To impress with fear; to excite by sudden alarm, surprise or apprehension; to shock; to alarm; to fright. We were startled at the cry of distress. Any great and unexpected event is apt to startle us.

The supposition that angels assume bodies, need not startle us.

Locke.

2. To deter; to cause to deviate. [Little used.]

Clarendon.

Startle

ST`ARTLE, noun A sudden motion or shock occasioned by an unexpected alarm, surprise or apprehension of danger; sudden impression of terror.

After having recovered from my first startle, I was well pleased with the accident.

Spectator.

Startled

ST`ARTLED, participle passive Suddenly moved or shocked by an impression of fear or surprise.

Startling

ST`ARTLING, participle of the present tense Suddenly impressing with fear or surprise.

Startup

ST`ARTUP, noun [start and up.] One that comes suddenly into notice. [Not used. We use upstart.]

Shak.

2. A kind of high shoe.

Hall.

Startup

ST`ARTUP, adjective Suddenly coming into notice. [Not used.]

Warburton.

Starve

ST`ARVE, verb intransitive [Saxon stearfian, to perish with hunger or cold; German sterben, to die, either by disease or hunger, or by a wound; Dutch sterven, to die. Qu. is this from the root of Danish tarv, Swedish tarf, necessity, want?]

1. To perish; to be destroyed. [In this general sense, obsolete.]

Fairfax.

2. To perish or die with cold; as, to starve with cold. [This sense is retained in England, but not in the U. States.]

3. To perish with hunger. [This sense is retained in England and the U. States.]

4. To suffer extreme hunger or want; to be very indigent.

Sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed.

Pope.

Starve

ST`ARVE, verb transitive To kill with hunger. Maliciously to starve a man is, in law, murder.

2. To distress or subdue by famine; as, to starve a garrison into a surrender.

3. To destroy by want; as, to starve plants by the want of nutriment.

4. To kill with cold. [Not in use in the U. States.]

From beds of raging fire to starve in ice

Their soft etherial warmthÃ‚--

Milton.

5. To deprive of force or vigor.

The powers of their minds are starved by disuse. [Unusual.]

Locke.

Starved

ST`ARVED, participle passive Killed with hunger; subdued by hunger; rendered poor by want.

2. Killed by cold. [Not in use in the United States.]

Starveling

STARVELING, adjective st'arvling. Hungry; lean; pining with want.

Phillips.

Starveling

STARVELING, noun St'arvling, An animal or plant that is made thin, lean and weak through want of nutriment.

And thy poor starveling bountifuly fed.

Donne.

Starving

ST`ARVING, participle of the present tense Perishing with hunger; killing with hunger; rendering lean and poor by want of nourishment.

2. Perishing with cold; killing with cold. [English]

Statary

STA'TARY, adjective [from state.] Fixed; settled. [Not in use.]

Brown.

State

STATE, noun [Latin status, from sto, to stand, to be fixed; Italian stato; Spanish estado; French etÃƒ-¢t. Hence G stÃƒ-¤t, fixed; statt, place, abode, stead, staat, state; stadt, a town or city; Dutch staat, condition, state; stad, a city, Danish Swedish stad; Sanscrit stidaha, to stand; Pers. istaden, id. State is fixedness or standing.]

1. Condition; the circumstances of a being or thing at any given time. These circumstances may be internal, constitutional or peculiar to the being, or they may have relation to other beings. We say, the body is in a sound state, or it is in a weak state; or it has just recovered from a feeble state. The state of his health is good. The state of his mind is favorable for study. So we say, the state of public affairs calls for the exercise of talents and wisdom. In regard to foreign nations, our affairs are in a good state. So we say, single state, and married state.

Declare the past and present state of things.

Dryden.

2. Modification of any thing.

Keep the state of the question in your eye.

Boyle.

3. Crisis; stationary point; highth; point from which the next movement is regression.

Tumors have their several degrees and times, as beginning, augment, state and declination. [Not in use.]

Wiseman.

4. Estate; possession. Obs. [See Estate.]

Daniel.

5. A political body, or body politic; the whole body of people united under one government, whatever may be the form of the government.

Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state.

Blackstone.

More usually the word signifies a political body governed by representatives; a commonwealth; as the States of Greece; the States of America.

In this sense, state has sometimes more immediate reference to the government, sometimes to the people or community. Thus when we say, the state has made provision for the paupers, the word has reference to the government or legislature; but when we say, the state is taxed to support paupers, the word refers to the whole people or community.

6. A body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as the civil and ecclesiastical states in Great Britain. But these are sometimes distinguished by the terms church and state. In this case, state signifies the civil community or government only.

7. Rank; condition; quality; as the state of honor.

Shak.

8. Pomp; appearance of greatness.

In state the monarchs march'd.

Dryden.

Where least of state, there most of love is shown.

Dryden.

9. Dignity; grandeur.

She instructed him how he should keep state, yet with a modest sense of his misfortunes.

Bacon.

10. A seat of dignity.

This chair shall be my state.

Shak.

11. A canopy; a covering of dignity.

His high throne, under state

Of richest texture spreadÃ‚--

Milton.

[Unusual.]

12. A person of high rank. [Not in use.]

Latimer.

13. The principal persons in a government.

The bold design

Pleas'd highly those infernal states.

Milton.

14. The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as the states general.

15. Joined with another word, it denotes public, or what belongs to the community or body politic; as state affairs; state policy.

State

STATE, verb transitive To set; to settle. [See Stated.]

2. To express the particulars of any thing in writing; to set down in detail or in gross; as, to state an account; to state debt and credit; to state the amount due.

3. To express the particulars of any thing verbally; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite. The witnesses stated all the circumstances of the transaction. They are enjoined to state all the particulars. It is the business of the advocate to state the whole case. Let the question be fairly stated.

Stated

STA'TED, participle passive Expressed or represented; told; recited.

2. adjective Settled; established; regular; occurring at regular times; not occasinal; as stated hours of business.

3. Fixed; established; as a stated salary.

Statedly

STA'TEDLY, adverb Regularly; at certain times; not occasionally. It is one of the distinguishing marks of a good man, that he statedly attends public worship.

Stateless

STA'TELESS, adjective Without pomp.

J. Barlow.

Stateliness

STA'TELINESS, noun [from stately.] Grandeur; loftiness of mien or manner; majestic appearance; dignity.

For stateliness and majesty, what is comparable to a horse?

More.

2. Appearance of pride; affected dignity.

Beaum.

Stately

STA'TELY, adjective Lofty; dignified; majestic; as stately manners; a stately gait.

2. Magnificent; grand; as a stately edifice; a stately dome; a stately pyramid.

3. Elevated in sentiment.

Dryden.

Stately

STA'TELY, adverb Majestically; loftily.

Milton.

Statement

STA'TEMENT, noun The act of stating, reciting or presenting verbally or on paper.

2. A series of facts or particulars expressed on paper; as a written statement.

3. A series of facts verbally recited; recital of the circumstances of a transaction; as a verbal statement.

State-Monger

STA'TE-MONGER, noun [state and monger.]

One versed in politics, or one that dabbles in state affairs.

Stater

STA'TER, noun Another name of the daric, an ancient silver coin weighing about four Attic drachmas, about three shillings sterling, or 61 cents.

State-Room

STA'TE-ROOM, noun [state and room.] A magnificent room in a palace or great house.

Johnson.

2. An apartment for lodging in a ship's cabin.

States

STATES, n. plu. Nobility.

Shak.

Statesman

STA'TESMAN, noun [state and man.] A man versed in the arts of government; usually, one eminent for political abilities; a politician.

2. A small landholder.

English.

3. One employed in public affairs.

Pope. Swift.

Statesmanship

STA'TESMANSHIP, noun The qualifications or employments of a statesman.

Churchill.

Stateswoman

STA'TESWOMAN, noun A woman who meddles in public affairs; in contempt.

Addison.

Static

STAT'IC, or STAT'ICAL, adjective [See Statics.] Relating to the science of weighing bodies; as a static balance or engine.

Arbuthnot.

Statics

STAT'ICS, noun [French statique; Italian statica; Latin statice; Greek.]

1. That branch of mechanics which treats of bodies at rest. Dynamics treats of bodies in motion.

2. In medicine, a kind of epileptics, or persons seized with epilepsies.

Cyc.

Station

STA'TION, noun [French from Latin statio, from sto, status; Italian stazione; Spanish estacion.]

1. The act of standing.

Their manner was to stand at prayerÃ‚--on which their meetings for that purpose received the name of stations. Obs.

Hooker.

2. A state of rest.

All progression is performed by drawing on or impelling forward what was before in station or at quiet. [Rare.]

Brown.

3. The spot or place where one stands, particularly where a person habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a time; as the station of a sentinel. Each detachment of troops has its station.

4. Post assigned; office; the part or department of public duty which a person is appointed to perform. The chief magistrate occupies the first political station in a nation. Other officers fill subordinate stations. The office of bishop is an ecclesiastical station of great importauce. It is the duty of the executive to fill all civil and military stations with men of worth.

5. Situation; position.

The fig and date, why love they to remain

In middle station?

Prior.

6. Employment; occupation; business.

By spending the sabbath in retirement and religious exercises, we gain new strength and resolution to perform God's will in our several stations the week following.

Nelson.

7. Character; state.

The greater part have kept their station.

Milton.

8. Rank; condition of life. He can be contented with a humble station.

9. In church history, the fast of the fourth and sixth days of the week. Wednesday and Friday, in memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion.

10. In the church of Rome, a church where indulgences are to be had on certain days.

Encyc.

Station

STA'TION, verb transitive To place; to set; or to appoint to the occupation of a post, place or office; as, to station troops on the right or left of an army; to station a sentinel on a rampart; to station ships on the coast of Africa or in the West Indies; to station a man at the head of the department of finance.

Stational

STA'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a station.

Encyc.

Stationary

STA'TIONARY, adjective Fixed; not moving, progressive or regressive; not appearing to move. The sun becomes stationary in Cancer, in its advance into the northern signs. The court in England which was formerly itinerary, is now stationary.

2. Not advancing, in a moral sense; not improving; not growing wiser, greater or better; not becoming greater or more excellent.

S. S. Smith.

3. Respecting place.

The same harmony and stationary constitutionÃ‚--

Brown.

Stationary fever, a fever depending on peculiar seasons.

Coxe.

Station-Bill

STA'TION-BILL, noun In seamen's language, a list containing the appointed posts of the ship's company, when navigating the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Stationer

STA'TIONER, noun [from station, a state.]

A bookseller; one who sells books, paper, quills, inkstands, pencils and other furniture for writing. The business of the bookseller and stationer is usually carried on by the same person.

Stationery

STA'TIONERY, noun The articles usually sold by stationers, as paper, ink, quills, &c.

Stationery

STA'TIONERY, adjective Belonging to a stationer.

Statist

STA'TIST, noun [from state.] A statesman; a politician; one skilled in government.

Statists indeed,

And lovers of their country. [Not now used.]

Milton.

Statistic

STATIST'IC, or STATIST'ICAL, adjective [from state or statist.] Pertaining to the state of society, the condition of the people, their economy, their property and resources.

Statistics

STATIST'ICS, noun A collection of facts respecting the state of society, the condition of the people in a nation or country, their health, longevity, domestic economy, arts, property and political strength, the state of the country, &c.

Sinclair. Tooke.

Statuary

STAT'UARY, noun [Italian statuaria; Spanish estatuaria; from Latin statuarius, from statua, a statue; statuo, to set.]

1. The art of carving images as representatives of real persons or things; a branch of sculpture.

Temple.

[In this sense the word has no plural.]

2. [Italian statuario; Spanish estatuario.] One that professes or practices the art of carving images or making statues.

On other occasions the statuaries took their subjects from the poets.

Addison.

Statue

STAT'UE, noun [Latin statua; statuo, to set; that which is set or fixed.]

An image; a solid substance formed by carving into the likeness of a whole living being; as a statue of Hercules or of a lion.

Statue

STAT'UE, v.t. To place, as a statue; to form a statue of.

Shak.

Statuminate

STATU'MINATE, v.t. [Latin statumino.] To prop or support. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Stature

STAT'URE, noun [Latin Italian statura; Spanish estatura; French stature; from Latin statuo, to set.]

The natural highth of an animal body. It is more generally used of the human body.

Foreign men of mighty stature came.

Dryden.

Statured

STAT'URED, adjective Arrived at full stature. [Little used.]

Hall.

Statutable

STAT'UTABLE, adjective [from statute.] Made or introduced by statute; proceeding from an act of the legislature; as a statutable provision or remedy.

2. Made or being in conformity to statute; as statutable measures.

Addison.

Statutably

STAT'UTABLY, adverb In a manner agreeable to statute.

Statute

STAT'UTE, noun [French statut; Italian statuto; Spanish estatuto; Latin statutum; from statuo, to set.]

1. An act of the legislature of a state that extends its binding force to all the citizens or subjects of that state, as distinguished from an act which extends only to an individual or company; an act of the legislature commanding or prohibiting something; a positive law. Statutes are distinguished from common law. The latter owes its binding force to the principles of justice, to long use and the consent of a nation. The former owe their binding force to a positive command or declaration of the supreme power.

Statute is commonly applied to the acts of a legislative body consisting of representatives. In monarchies, the laws of the sovereign are called edicts, decrees, ordinances, rescripts, &c.

2. A special act of the supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to operate only on an individual or company.

3. The act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule or law; as the statutes of a university.

Statute-Merchant

STAT'UTE-MERCHANT, noun In English law, a bond of record pursuant to the Stat. 13 Edw. 1. acknowledged before one of the clerks of the statutes-merchant and the mayor or chief warden of London, or before certain persons appointed for the purpose; on which, if not paid at the day, an execution may be awarded against the body, lands and goods of the obligor.

Blackstone.

Statute-Staple

STAT'UTE-STAPLE, noun A bond of record acknowledged before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the creditor may forthwith have execution against the body, lands and goods of the debtor, on non-payment.

Blackstone.

Statutory

STAT'UTORY, adjective Enacted by statute; depending on statute for its authority; as a statutory provision or remedy.

Staurolite

STAU'ROLITE, or STAU'ROTIDE, noun [Greek, a cross, and, stone.] The granatit of Werner or grenatite of Jameson; a mineral crystalized in prisms, either single or intersecting each other at right angles. Its color is white or gray, reddish or brown. It is often opake, sometimes translucent. Its form and infusibility distinguish it from the garnet. It is called by the French, harmotome.

Dict. Cleaveland.

Stave

STAVE, noun [from staff; French douve, douvain. It has the first sound of a, as in save.]

1. A thin narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. Staves make a considerable article of export from New England to the West Indies.

2. A staff; a metrical portion; a part of a psalm appointed to be sung in churches.

3. In music, the five horizontal and parallel lines on which the notes of tunes are written or printed; the staff, as it is now more generally written.

To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a staff and by pulling the tail.

Stave

STAVE, v.t. pret. stove or staved; pp. id.

1. To break a hole in; to break; to burst; primarily, to thrust through with a staff; as, to stave a cask.

Mar. Dict.

2. To push as with a staff; with off.

The condition of a servant staves him off to a distance.

South.

3. To delay; as, to stave off the execution of a project.

4. To pour out; to suffer to be lost by breaking the cask.

All the wine in the city has been staved.

Sandys.

5. To furnish with staves or rundles. [Not in use.]

Knolles.

Stave

STAVE, v.i. To fight with staves. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Staves

ST`AVES, plu. of staff, when applied to a stick, is pronounced with a as in ask, the Italian sound.

Staw

STAW, v.i. To be fixed or set. [Not in use or local.]

Stay

STAY, v.i. pret. staid, for stayed. [Irish stadam; Spanish estay, a stay of a ship; estada, stay, a remaining; estiar, to stop; Portugese estada, abode; estaes, stays of a ship; estear, to stay, to prop; Welsh ystad, state; ystadu, to stay or remain; French etai, etayer; Dutch stut, stutten. This word seems to be connected with state, and if so, is a derivative from the root of Latin sto, to stand. But from the orthography of this word in the Irish, Spanish and Portuguese, and of steti, the preterit of sto, in Latin, I am led to believe the elementary word was stad or stat. The sense is to set, stop or hold. It is to be observed further that stay may be easily deduced from the German, Dutch stag, a stay; stag-segel, stay-sail; Welsh tagu, to stop.]

1. To remain; to continue in a place; to abide for any indefinite time. Do you stay here, while I go to the next house. Stay here a week. We staid at the Hotel Montmorenci.

Stay, I command you; stay and hear me first.

Dryden.

2. To continue in a state.

The flames augment, and stay

At their full highth, then languish to decay.

Dryden.

3. To wait; to attend; to forbear to act.

I stay for Turnus.

Dryden.

Would ye stay for them from having husbands? Ruth 1.

4. To stop; to stand still.

She would command the hasty sun to stay.

Spenser.

5. To dwell.

I must stay a little on one action.

Dryden.

6. To rest; to rely; to confide in; to trust.

Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression, and stay thereonÃ‚-- Isaiah 30.

Stay

STAY, v.t. pret. and pp. staid, for stayed.

1. To stop; to hold from proceeding; to withhold; to restrain.

All that may stay the mind from thinking that true which they heartily wish were false.

Hooker.

To stay these sudden gusts of passion.

Rowe.

2. To delay; to obstruct; to hinder from proceeding.

Your ships are staid at Venice.

Shak.

I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that appeared to me to be new.

Locke.

3. To keep from departure; as, you might have staid me here.

Dryden.

4. To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to hold up; to support.

Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands. Exodus 17.

Sallows and reeds for vineyards useful found

To stay thy vines.

Dryden.

5. To support from sinking; to sustain with strength; as, to take a luncheon to stay the stomach.

Stay

STAY, noun Continuance in a place; abode for a time indefinite; as, you make a short stay in this city.

Embrace the hero, and his stay implore.

Waller.

2. Stand; stop; cessation of motion or progression.

Affairs of state seem'd rather to stand at a stay.

Hayward.

[But in this sense, we now use stand; to be at a stand.]

3. Stop; obstruction; hinderance from progress.

Griev'd with each step, tormented with each stay.

Fairfax.

4. Restraint of passion; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety.

With prudent stay, he long deferr'd

The rough contention. Obs.

Philips.

5. A fixed state.

Alas, what stay is there in human state!

Dryden.

6. Prop; support.

Trees serve as so many stays for their vines.

Addison.

My only strength and stay!

Milton.

The Lord is my stay. Psalm 18.

The stay and the staff, the means of supporting and preserving life. Isaiah 3.

7. Steadiness of conduct.

Todd.

8. In the rigging of a ship, a large strong rope employed to support the mast, by being extended from its upper end to the stem of the ship. The fore-stay reaches from the foremast head towards the bowsprit end; the main-stay is stretched to a collar on the main-mast, above the quarter deck, &c.

Mar. Dict.

Stays, in seamanship, implies the operation of going about or changing the course of a ship, with a shifting of the sails. To be in stays, is to lie with the head to the wind, and the sails so arranged as to check her progress.

To miss stays, to fail in the attempt to go about.

Mar. Dict.

Stayed

STA'YED, participle passive Staid; fixed; settled; sober. It is now written staid, which see.

Stayedly

STA'YEDLY, adverb Composedly; gravely; moderately; prudently; soberly. [Little used.]

Stayedness

STA'YEDNESS, noun Moderation; gravity; sobriety; prudence. [See Staidness.]

2. Solidity; weight. [Little used.]

Camden.

Stayer

STA'YER, noun One that stops or restrains; one who upholds or supports; that which props.

Staylace

STA'YLACE, noun A lace for fastening the boddice in female dress.

Swift.

Stayless

STA'YLESS, adjective Without stop or delay. [Little used.]

Staymaker

STA'YMAKER, noun One whose occupation is to make stays.

Spenser.

Stays

STAYS, n. plu. A boddice; a kind of waistcoat stiffened with whalebone or other thing, worn by females.

Gay.

2. Stays, of a ship. [See Stay.]

3. Station; fixed anchorage.

Sidney.

4. Any support; that which keeps another extended.

Weavers, stretch your stays upon the weft.

Dryden.

Stay-Sail

STA'Y-SAIL, noun [stay and sail.] Any sail extended on a stay.

Mar. Dict.

Stay-Tackle

STA'Y-TACKLE, noun [stay and tackle.] A large tackle attached to the main-stay by means of a pendant, and used to hoist heavy bodies, as boats, butts of water and the like.

Mar. Dict.

Stead

STEAD, or STED. noun [Gothic stads; Saxon Danish sted; German statt; Dutch stede. See Stay.]

1. Place; in general.

Fly this fearful stead.

Spenser.

[In this sense not used.]

2. Place or room which another had or might have, noting substitution, replacing or filling the place of another; as,

David died and Solomon reigned in his sted.

God hath appointed me another seed in stead of Abel, whom Cain slew. Genesis 4.

3. The frame on which a bed is laid.

Sallow the feet, the borders and the sted.

Dryden.

[But we never use this word by itself in this sense. We always use bedstead.]

To stand in sted, to be of use or great advantage.

The smallest act of charity shall stand us in great stead.

Atterbury.

Stead

STEAD, or STED, in names of places distant from a river or the sea, signifies place, as above; but in names of places situated on a river or harbor, it is from Saxon stathe, border, bank, shore. Both words perhaps are from one root.

Stead

STEAD, v.t. sted. To help; to support; to assist; as, it nothing steads us. Obs.

Shak.

2. To fill the place of another. Obs.

Shak.

Steadfast

STEAD'FAST, or STED'FAST, adjective [stead and fast.] Fast fixed; firm; firmly fixed or established; as the stedfast globe of earth.

Spenser.

2. Constant; firm; resolute; not fickle or wavering.

Abide stedfast to thy neighbor in the time of his trouble.

Ecclus.

Him resist, stedfast in the faith. 1 Peter 5.

3. Steady; as stedfast sight.

Dryden.

Steadfastly

STEAD'FASTLY, or STED'FASTLY, adverb Firmly; with constancy or steadiness of mind.

Steadfastly believe that whatever God has revealed is infallibly true.

Wake.

Steadfastness

STEAD'FASTNESS, or STED'FASTNESS, noun Firmness of standing; fixedness in place.

2. Firmness of mind or purpose; fixedness in principle; constancy; resolution; as the stedfastness of faith. He adhered to his opinions with stedfastness.

Steadily

STEAD'ILY, or STED'DILY, adverb With firmness of standing or position; without tottering, shaking or learning. He kept his arm steddily directed to the object.

2. Without wavering, inconstancy or irregularity; without deviating. He steddily pursues his studies.

Steadiness

STEAD'INESS, or STED'DINESS, noun Firmness of standing or position; a state of being not tottering or easily moved or shaken. A man stands with steddiness; he walks with steddiness.

2. Firmness of mind or purpose; constancy; resolution. We say, a man has steddiness of mind, steddiness in opinion, steddiness in the pursuit of objects.

3. Consistent uniform conduct.

Steddiness is a point of prudence as well as of courage.

L'Estrange.

Steady

STEAD'Y, or STED'DY, adjective [Saxon stedig.] Firm in standing or position; fixed; not tottering or shaking; applicable to any object.

2. Constant in mind, purpose or pursuit; not fickle, changeable or wavering; not easily moved or persuaded to alter a purpose; as a man steddy in his principles, steddy in his purpose, steddy in the pursuit of an object, steddy in his application to business.

3. Regular; constant; undeviating; uniform; as the steddy course of the sun.

Steer the ship a steddy course. A large river runs with a steddy stream.

4. Regular; not fluctuating; as a steddy breeze of wind.

Steady

STEAD'Y, or STED'DY, v.t. To hold or keep from shaking, reeling or falling; to support; to make or keep firm. Steddy my hand.

Steak

STEAK, noun [Danish steeg, steg, a piece of roast meat; steger, to roast or dress by the fire, to broil, to fry; Swedish stek, a steak; steka, to roast or broil; German stÃƒ-¼ck, a piece.]

A slice of beef or pork broiled, or cut for broiling. [As far as my observation extends, this word is never applied to any species of meat, except to beef and pork, nor to these dressed in any way except by broiling. Possibly it may be used of a piece fried.]

Steal

STEAL, v.t. pret. stole; pp. stolen, stole. [Saxon stoelan, stelan; German stehlen; Dutch steelen; Danish stieler; Swedish sti?la; Irish tiallam; probably from the root of Latin tollo, to take, to lift.]

1. To take and carry away feloniously, as the personal goods of another. To constitute stealing or theft, the taking must be felonious, that is, with an intent to take what belongs to another, and without his consent.

Blackstone.

Let him that stole, steal no more. Ephesians 4.

2. To withdraw or convey without notice or clandestinely.

They could instinuate and steal themselves under the same by submission.

Spenser.

3. To gain or win by address or gradual and imperceptible means.

Variety of objects has a tendency to steal away the mind from its steady pursuit of any subject.

Watts.

So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. 2 Samuel 15.

Steal

STEAL, v.i. To withdraw or pass privily; to slip along or away unperceived.

Fixed of mind to fly all company, one night she stole away.

Sidney.

From whom you now must steal and take no leave.

Shak.

A soft and solemn breathing sound

Rose like a steam of rich distill'd perfumes,

And stole upon the air.

Milton.

2. To practice theft; to take feloniously. He steals for a livelihood.

Thou shalt not steal. Exodus 20.

Stealer

STE'ALER, noun One that steals; a thief.

Stealing

STE'ALING, participle of the present tense Taking the goods of another feloniously; withdrawing imperceptibly; gaining gradually.

Stealingly

STE'ALINGLY, adverb Slily; privately, or by an invisible motion. [Little used.]

Sidney.

Stealth

STEALTH, n. stelth. The act of stealing; theft.

The owner proveth the stealth to have been committed on him by such an outlaw.

Spenser.

2. The thing stolen; as cabins that are dens to cover stealth. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

3. Secret act; clandestine practice; means unperceived employed to gain an object; way or manner not perceived; used in a good or bad sense.

Do good by stealth, aud blush to find it fame.

Pope.

The monarch blinded with desire of wealth,

With steel invades the brother's life by stealth.

Dryden.

Stealthy

STEALTHY, a. stelth'y. Done by stealth; clandestine; unperceived.

Now wither'd murder with his stealthy pace

Moves like a ghost.

Shak.

Steam

STEAM, noun [Saxon steam, stem; Dutch stoom.]

The vapor of water; or the elastic, aeriform fluid generated by heating water to the boiling point. When produced under the common atmospheric pressure, its elasticity is equivalent to the pressure of the atmosphere, and it is called low steam; but when heated in a confined state, its elastic force is rapidly augmented, and it is then called high steam. On the application of cold, steam instantly returns to the state of water, and thus forms a sudden vacuum. From this property, and from the facility with which an elastic force is generated by means of steam, this constitues a mechanical agent at once the most powerful and the most manageable, as is seen in the vast and multiplied uses of the steam engine.

Steam is invisible, and is to be distinguished from the cloud or mist which it forms in the air, that being water in a minute state of division, resulting from the condensation of steam.

Dutch Olmsted.

2. In popular use, the mist formed by condensed vapor.

Steam

STEAM, verb intransitive To rise or pass off in vapor by means of heat; to fume.

Let the crude humors dance

In heated brass, steaming with fire intense.

Philips.

2. To send off visible vapor.

Ye mists that rise from steaming lake.

Milton.

3. To pass off in visible vapor.

The dissolved amberÃ‚--steamed away into the air.

Boyle.

Steam

STEAM, v.t. To exhale; to evaporate. [Not much used.]

Spenser.

2. To expose to steam; to apply steam to for softening, dressing or preparing; as, to steam cloth; to steam potatoes instead of boiling them; to steam food for cattle.

Steam-Boat

STE'AM-BOAT, or STE'AM-VESSEL, noun A vessel propelled through the water by steam.

Steam-Boiler

STE'AM-BOILER, noun A boiler for steaming food for cattle.

Encyc.

Steamed

STE'AMED, participle passive Exposed to steam; cooked or dressed by steam.

Steam-Engine

STE'AM-ENGINE, noun An engine worked by steam.

Steaming

STE'AMING, participle of the present tense Exposing to steam; cooking or dressing by steam; preparing for cattle by steam, as roots.

Stean

STEAN, for stone. [Not in use.]

Stearin

STE'ARIN, noun One of the proximate elements of animal fat, as lard, tallow, &c. The various kinds of animal fat consist of two substances, stearin and elain; of which the former is solid, and the latter liquid.

Dutch Olmsted.

Steatite

STE'ATITE, noun [Greek, fat.]

Soapstone; so called from its smooth or unctuous feel; a subspecies of rhomboidal mica. It is of two kinds, the common, and the pagodite or lard-stone. It is sometimes confounded with talck, to which it is allied. It is a compact stone, white, green of all shades, gray, brown or marbled, and sometimes herborized by black dendrites. It is found in metalliferous veins, with the ores of copper, lead, zink, silver and tin.

New Dict. of Nat. Hist. Ure.

Steatitic

STEATIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to soapstone; of the nature of steatite, or resembling it.

Steatocele

STE'ATOCELE, noun [Greek], fat, and, a tumor.]

A swelling of the scrotum, containing fat.

Cyc.

Steatoma

STEATO'MA, noun [Greek] A species of tumor containing matter like suet.

Coxe.

Sted

STED, or STEDFAST. [See Stead.]

Steed

STEED, noun [Saxon stede. Qu. stud, a stonehorse.]

A horse, or a horse for state or war. [This word is not much used in common discourse. It is used in poetry and descriptive prose, and is elegant.]

Stout are our men, and warlike are our steeds.

Waller.

Steel

STEEL, noun [Saxon style; Dutch staal; German stahl; Danish staal; Swedish stÃƒ-¥l; probably from setting, fixing, hardness; German stellen.]

1. Iron combined with a small portion of carbon; iron refined and hardened, used in making instruments, and particularly useful as the material of edged tools. It is called in chimistry, carburet of iron; but this is more usually the denomination of plumbago.

2. Figuratively, weapons; particularly, offensive weapons, swords, spears and the like.

Brave Macbeth with his brandish'd steel.

Shak.

Ã‚--While doubting thus he stood,

Receiv'd the steel bath'd in his brother's blood.

Dryden.

3. Medicines composed of steel, as steel filings.

After relaxing, steel strengthens the solids.

Arbuthnot.

4. Extreme hardness; as heads or hearts of steel.

Steel

STEEL, adjective Made of steel; as a steel plate or buckle.

Steel

STEEL, v.t. To overlay, point or edge with steel; as, to steel the point of a sword; to steel a razor; to steel an ax.

2. To make hard or extremely hard.

O God of battles, steel my soldiers' hearts.

Shak.

Lies well steel'd with weighty arguments.

Shak.

3. To make hard; to make insensible or obdurate; as, to steel the heart against pity; to steel the mind or heart against reproof or admonition.

Steeled

STEE'LED, participle passive Pointed or edged with steel; hardened; made insensible.

Steeliness

STEE'LINESS, noun [from steely.] Great hardness.

Steeling

STEE'LING, participle of the present tense Pointing or edging with steel; hardening; making insensible or unfeeling.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Steely

STEE'LY, adjective Made of steel; consisting of steel.

Broach'd with the steely point of Clifford's lance.

Shak.

Around his shop the steely sparkles flew.

Gay.

2. Hard; firm.

That she would unarm her noble heart of that steely resistance against the sweet blows of love.

Sidney.

Steelyard

STEE'LYARD, noun [steel and yard.] The Roman balance; an instrument for weighing bodies, consisting of a rod or bar marked with notches, designating the number of pounds and ounces, and a weight which is movable along this bar, and which is made to balance the weight of the body by being removed at a proper distance from the fulcrum. The principle of the steelyard is that of the lever; where an equilibrium is produced, when the products of the weights on opposite sides into their respective distances from the fulcrum, are equal to one another. Hence a less weight is made to indicate a greater, by being removed to a greater distance from the fulcrum.

Steen

STEEN, or STEAN, noun A vessel of clay or stone. [Not in use.]

Steenkirk

STEE'NKIRK, noun A cant term for a neckcloth. [Not in use.]

Steep

STEEP, adjective [Saxon steap; allied to stoop and dip.]

Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; ascending or descending with great inclination; precipitous; as a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep declivity.

Steep

STEEP, noun A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock or ascent; any elevated object which slopes with a large angle to the plane of the horizon; a precipice.

We had on each side rocks and mountains broken into a thousand irregular steeps and precipices.

Addison.

Steep

STEEP, v.t. [probably formed on the root of dip.]

To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to imbue; to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thoroughly imbibed it, or till the liquor has extracted the essential qualities of the substance. Thus cloths is steeped in lye or other liquid in bleaching or dyeing. But plants and drugs are steeped in water, wine and the like, for the purpose of tincturing the liquid with their qualities.

Steep

STEEP, noun A liquid for steeping grain or seeds; also, a runnet bag. [Local.]

Steeped

STEE'PED, participle passive Soaked; macerated; imbued.

Steeper

STEE'PER, noun A vessel, vat or cistern in which things are steeped.

Edwards' Welsh Indies.

Steeping

STEE'PING, participle of the present tense Soaking; macerating.

Steeple

STEE'PLE, noun [Saxon stepel, stypel.] A turret of a church, ending in a point; a spire. It differs from a tower, which usually ends in a square form, though the name is sometimes given to a tower. The bell of a church is usually hung in the steeple.

They, far from steeples and their sacred soundÃ‚--

Dryden.

Steepled

STEE'PLED, adjective Furnished with a steeple; adorned with steeples or towers.

Fairfax.

Steeple-House

STEE'PLE-HOUSE, noun A church. [Not in use.]

Steeply

STEE'PLY, adverb With steepness; with precipitous declivity.

Steepness

STEE'PNESS, noun The state of being steep; precipitous declivity; as the steepness of a hill, a bank or a roof.

Bacon.

Steepy

STEE'PY, adjective Having a steep or precipitou declivity; as steepy crags; a poetical word.

No more, my goats, shall I behold you climb

The steepy cliffs.

Dryden.

Steer

STEER, noun [Saxon steor, styre; Dutch stier.] A young male of the ox kind or common ox. It is rendered in Dutch, a bull; but in the United States, this name is generally given to a castrated male of the ox kind, from two to four years old.

With solemn pomp then sacrific'd a steer.

Dryden.

Steer

STEER, verb transitive [Saxon steoran, to steer, to correct or chide, to discipline; German steuern, to hinder, restrain, repress, to curb, to steer, to pilot, to aid, help, support. The verb is connected with or derived from steuer, a rudder, a helm, aid, help, subsidy, impost, tax, contribution. Dutch stieren, to steer, to send, and stuur, a helm; stuuren, to steer, to send; Danish styrer, to govern, direct, manage, steer, restrain, moderate, curb, stem, hinder; styre, a helm, rudder or tiller; styr, moderation, a tax or assessment; Swedish styra, to steer, to restrain; styre, a rudder or helm; Armoric stur, id.; Irish stiuram. We see the radical sense is to strain, variously applied, and this coincides with the root of starch and stark; stiffness being from stretching.]

1. To direct; to govern; particularly, to direct and govern the course of a ship by the movements of the helm. Hence,

2. To direct; to guide; to show the way or course to.

That with a staff his feeble steps did steer.

Spenser.

Steer

STEER, verb intransitive To direct and govern a ship or other vessel in its course. Formerly seamen steered by the stars; they now steer by the compass.

A shipÃ‚--where the wind

Veers oft, as oft so steers and shifts her sail.

Milton.

2. To be directed and governed; as, a ship steers with ease.

3. To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course or way.

Steer

STEER, noun A rudder or helm. [Not in use.]

Steerage

STEE'RAGE, noun The act or practice of directing and governing in a course; as the steerage of a ship.

Addison.

[In this sense, I believe the word is now little used.]

2. In seamen's language, the effort of a helm, or its effect on the ship.

Mar. Dict.

3. In a ship, an apartment forward of the great cabin, from which it is separated by a bulk-head or partition, or an apartment in the fore part of a ship for passengers. In ships of war it serves as a hall or antichamber to the great cabin.

Mar. Dict.

4. The part of a ship where the tiller traverses.

Encyc.

5. Direction; regulation.

He that hath the steerage of my course. [Little used.]

Shak.

6. Regulation or management.

You raise the honor of the peerage,

Proud to attend you at the steerage.

Swift.

7. That by which a course is directed.

Here he hung on high

The steerage of his wingsÃ‚--

Dryden.

[Steerage, in the general sense of direction or management, is in popular use, but by no means an elegant word. It is said, a young man when he sets out in life, makes bad steerage; but no good writer would introduce the word into elegant writing.]

Steerage-Way

STEE'RAGE-WAY, noun In seamen's language, that degree of progressive movement of a ship, which renders her governable by the helm.

Steered

STEE'RED, participle passive Directed and governed in a course; guided; conducted.

Steerer

STEE'RER, noun One that steers; a pilot. [Little used.]

Steering

STEE'RING, participle of the present tense Directing and governing in a course, as a ship; guiding; conducting.

Steering

STEE'RING, noun The act or art of directing and governing a ship or other vessel in her course; the act of guiding or managing.

Steering-Wheel

STEE'RING-WHEEL, noun The wheel by which the rudder of a ship is turned and the ship steered.

Steerless

STEE'RLESS, adjective Having no steer or rudder. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Steersman

STEE'RSMAN, noun [steer and man.] One that steers; the helmsman of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Steersmate

STEE'RSMATE, noun [steer and mate.] One who steers; a pilot. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Steeving

STEE'VING, noun In seamen's language, the angle of elevation which a ship's bowsprit makes with the horizon.

Mar. Dict.

Steg

STEG, noun [Icelandic stegge.] A gander. [Local.]

Steganographist

STEGANOG'RAPHIST, noun [Greek, secret, and, to write.]

One who practices the art of writing in cipher.

Bailey.

Steganography

STEGANOG'RAPHY, noun [supra.] The art of writing in ciphers or characters which are not intelligible, except to the persons who correspond with each other.

Bailey.

Stegnotic

STEGNOT'IC, adjective [Greek.] Tending to bind or render costive.

Bailey.

Stegnotic

STEGNOT'IC, noun A medicine proper to stop the orifices of the vessels or emunctories of the body, when relaxed or lacerated.

Cyc.

Steinheilite

STE'INHEILITE, noun A mineral, a variety of iolite.

Cleaveland.

Stele

STELE, noun A stale or handle; a stalk.

Obs.

Stelechite

STEL'ECHITE, noun A fine kind of storax, in larger pieces than the calamite.

Cyc.

Stellar

STEL'LAR, or STEL'LARY, adjective [Italian stellare; Latin stellaris, from stella, a star.]

1. Pertaining to stars; astral; as stellar virtue; stellar figure.

Milton. Glanville.

2. Starry; full of stars; set with stars; as stellary regions.

Stellate

STEL'LATE, or STEL'LATED, adjective [Latin stellatus.] Resembling a star; radiated.

2. In botany, stellate or verticillate leaves are when more leaves than two surround the stem in a whorl, or when they radiate like the spokes of a wheel, or like a star. A stellate bristle is when a little star of smaller hairs is affixed to the end; applied also to the stigma. A stellate flower is a radiate flower.

Martyn.

Stellation

STELLA'TION, noun [Latin stella, a star.] Radiation of light. [Not in use.]

Stelled

STEL'LED, adjective Starry. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Stelliferous

STELLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin stella, a star, and fero, to produce.]

Having or abounding with stars.

Stelliform

STEL'LIFORM, adjective [Latin stella, star, and form.] Like a star; radiated.

Stellify

STEL'LIFY, verb transitive To turn into a star. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Stellion

STEL'LION, noun [Latin stellio.] A newt.

Ainsworth.

Stellionate

STEL'LIONATE, noun [French stellionat, a cheating; Low Latin stellionatus.]

In law, the crime of selling a thing deceitfully for what it is not, as to sell that for for one's own which belongs to another. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Stellite

STEL'LITE, noun [Latin stella, a star.] A name given by some writers to a white stone found on Mount Libanus, containing the lineaments of the star-fish.

Cyc.

Stelochite

STEL'OCHITE, noun A name given to the osteocolla.

Stelography

STELOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek; a pillar, and, to write.]

The art of writing or inscribing characters on pillars.

Stackhouse.

Stem

STEM, noun [Saxon stemn; German stamm, stock, stem, race; Dutch Swedish stam; Danish stamme; Sanscrit stamma. The Latin has stemma, in the sense of the stock of a family or race. The primary sense is to set, to fix.]

1. The principal body of a tree, shrub or plant of any kind; the main stock; the firm part which supports the branches.

After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough or twig on the stem.

Raleigh.

The low'ring spring with lavish rain,

Beats down the slender stem and bearded grain.

Dryden.

2. The peduncle of the fructification, or the pedicle of a flower; that which supports the flower or the fruit of a plant.

3. The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors; as a noble stem.

Milton.

Learn well their lineage and their ancient stem.

Tickel.

4. Progeny; branch of a family.

This is a stem

Of that victorious stock.

Shak.

5. In a ship, a circular piece of timber, to which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore end. The lower end of it is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests upon its upper end. [Dutch steven.]

Mar. Dict.

From stem to stern, is from one end of the ship to the other, or through the whole length.

Stem

STEM, verb transitive To oppose or resist, as a current; or to make progress against a current. We say, the ship was not able with all her sails to stem the tide.

They stem the flood with their erected breasts.

Denham.

2. To stop; to check; as a stream or moving force.

At length Erasmus, that great injur'd name,

Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barb'rous age,

And drove those holy Vandals off the stage.

Pope.

Stem-Clasping

STEM'-CL`ASPING, adjective Embracing the stem with its base; amplexicaul; as a leaf or petiole.

Martyn.

Stem-Leaf

STEM'-LEAF, noun A leaf inserted into the stem.

Martyn.

Stemless

STEM'LESS, adjective Having no stem.

Stemmed

STEM'MED, participle passive Opposed, as a current; stopped.

Stemming

STEM'MING, participle of the present tense Opposing, as a stream; stopping.

Stemple

STEM'PLE, noun In mining, a cross bar of wood in a shaft.

Encyc.

Stench

STENCH, noun [Saxon stenc, stencg. See Stink.]

An ill smell; offensive odor.

Bacon.

Stench

STENCH, verb transitive To cause to emit a hateful smell. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

2. To stanch; to stop. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Stenchy

STENCH'Y, adjective Having an offensive smell. [Not in use.]

Dyer.

Stencil

STEN'CIL, noun A piece of thin lether or oil cloth, used in painting paper hangings.

Stencil

STEN'CIL, verb transitive To paint or color in figures with stencils.

Encyc.

Stenographer

STENOG'RAPHER, noun [Greek, close, narrow, and, to write.]

One who is skilled in the art of short hand writing.

Stenographic

STENOGRAPH'IC, or STENOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to the art of writing in short hand; expressing in characters or short hand.

Stenography

STENOG'RAPHY, noun [supra.] The art of writing in short hand by using abbreviations or characters for whole words.

Encyc.

Stent

STENT, for stint. [See Stint.]

Stentorian

STENTO'RIAN, adjective [from Stentor.] Extremely loud; as a stentorian voice.

2. Able to utter a very loud sound; as stentorian lungs.

Stentorophonic

STENTOROPHON'IC, adjective [from Stentor, a herald in Homer, whose voice was as loud as that of fifty other men, and Greek, voice.] Speaking or sounding very loud.

Of this stentorophonic horn of Alexander there is a figure preserved in the Vatican.

Derham.

Step

STEP, v.i. [Saxon stoeppan, steppan; Dutch stappen; Greek. Qu. Russian stopa, the foot. The sense is to set, as the foot, or more probably to open or part, to stretch or extend.]

1. To move the foot; to advance or recede by a movement of the foot or feet; as, to step forward, or to step backward.

2. To go; to walk a little distance; as, to step to one of the neighbors.

3. To walk gravely, slowly or resolutely.

Home the swain retreats,

His flock before him stepping to the fold.

Thomson.

To step forth, to move or come forth.

Cowley.

To step aside, to walk to a little distance; to retire from company.

To step in or into, to walk or advance into a place or state; or to advance suddenly in. John 5.

2. To enter for a short time. I just stepped into the house for a moment.

3. To obtain possession without trouble; to enter upon suddenly; as, to step into an estate.

To step back, to move mentally; to carry the mind back.

They are stepping almost three thousand years back into the remotest antiquity.

Pope.

Step

STEP, verb transitive To set, as the foot.

2. To fix the foot of an mast in the keel; to erect.

Mar. Dict.

Step

STEP, noun [Saxon stoep; Dutch stap; German stufe; Welsh tap, a ledge; tapiaw, to form a step or ledge.]

1. A pace; an advance or movement made by one removal of the foot.

2. One remove in ascending or descending; a stair.

The breadth of every single step or stair should be never less than one foot.

Wotton.

3. The space passed by the foot in walking or running. The step of one foot is generally five feet; it may be more or less.

4. A small space or distance. Let us go to the gardens; it is but a step.

5. The distance between the feet in walking or running.

6. Gradation; degree. We advance in improvement step by step, or by steps.

7. Progression; act of advancing.

To derive two or three general principles of motion from phenomena, and afterwards tell us how the properties and actions of all corporeal things follow from those manifest principles, would be a great step in philosophy.

Newton.

8. Footstep; print or impression of the foot; track.

Dryden.

9. Gait; manner of walking. The approach of a man is often known by his step.

10. Proceeding; measure; action.

The reputation of a man depends on the first steps he makes in the world.

Pope.

11. The round of a ladder.

12. Steps in the plural, walk; passage.

Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree

In this deep forest.

Dryden.

13. Pieces of timber in which the foot of a mast is fixed.

Step

STEP, or STEPP, noun In Russian an uncultivated desert of large extent.

Tooke.

[This sense of the Russian word is naturally deducible from Saxon stepan, to deprive, infra.]

Step

STEP, Saxon steop, from stepan, to deprive, is prefixed to certain words to express a relation by marriage.

Step-Brother

STEP'-BROTHER, noun A brother-in-law, or by marriage.

Step-Child

STEP-CHILD, noun [step and child.] A son-in-law or daughter-in-law, [a child deprived of its parent.]

Stepdame

STEP'DAME, noun A mother by marriage, [the mother of an orphan or one deprived.]

Stepdaughter

STEP'DAUGHTER, noun A daughter by marriage, [an orphan daughter.]

Step-Father

STEP'-F`ATHER, noun A father-in-law; a father by marriage only; [the father of an orphan.]

Step-Mother

STEP'-MOTHER, noun A mother by marriage only; a mother-in-law; [the mother of an orphan.]

Step-Sister

STEP'-SISTER, noun A sister-in-law, or by marriage, [an orphan sister.]

Stepson

STEP'SON, noun A son-in-law, [an orphan son.]

[In the foregoing explication of step, I have followed Lye. The Dutch and German write stief, and the Swedes styf, before the name; a word which does not appear to be connected with any verb signifying to bereave, and the word is not without some difficulties. I have given the explanation which appears to be most probably correct. If the radical sense of step, a pace, is to part or open, the word coincides with Saxon stepan, to deprive, and in the compounds above, step, may imply removal or distance.]

Stepped

STEP'PED, participle passive Set; placed; erected; fixed in the keel, as a mast.

Stepping

STEP'PING, participle of the present tense Moving, or advancing by a movement of the foot or feet; placing; fixing or erecting, as a mast.

Stepping

STEP'PING, noun The act of walking or running by steps.

Stepping-Stone

STEP'PING-STONE, noun A stone to raise the feet above the dirt and mud in walking.

Swift.

Step-Stone

STEP'-STONE, noun A stone laid before a door as a stair to rise on in entering the house.

Ster

STER, in composition, is from the Saxon steora, a director. See steer. It seems primarily to have signified chief, principal or director, as in the Latin minister, chief servant; but in other words, as in spinster, we do not recognize the sense of chief, but merely that of a person who carries on the business of spinning.

Stercoraceous

STERCORA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin stercoreus, stercorosus, from stercus, dung.]

Pertaining to dung, or partaking of its nature.

Arbuthnot.

Stercorarian

STERCORA'RIAN, or STER'CORANIST, noun [Latin stercus, dung.] One in the Romish church who held that the host is liable to digestion.

Encyc.

Stercorary

STER'CORARY, noun A place properly secured from the weather for containing dung.

Stercoration

STERCORA'TION, noun [Latin stercoratio.] The act of manuring with dung.

Bacon. Ray.

Stere

STERE, noun In the new French system of measures, the unit for solid measure, equal to a cubic meter.

Lunier.

Stereographic

STEREOGRAPH'IC, or STEREOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective [from stereography.] Made or done according to the rules of stereography; delineated on a plane; as a stereographic chart of the earth.

Stereographically

STEREOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb By delineation on a plane.

Stereography

STEREOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, firm, and, to write.]

The act or art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a plane; a branch of solid geometry which shows the construction of all solids which are regularly defined.

Encyc.

Stereometrical

STEREOMET'RICAL, adjective [See Stereometry.]

Pertaining to or performed by stereometry.

Stereometry

STEREOM'ETRY, noun [Greek, firm, fixed, and, to measure.]

The art of measuring solid bodies, and finding their solid content.

Harris.

Stereotomical

STEREOTOM'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to or performed by stereotomy.

Stereotomy

STEREOT'OMY, noun [Greek, fixed, and, to cut.]

The science or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, as arches, &c.

Encyc.

Stereotype

STER'EOTYPE, noun [Greek, fixed, and, type, form.]

1. Literally, a fixed metal type; hence, a plate of fixed or solid metallic types for printing books. Thus we say, a book is printed on stereotype, or in stereotype. In the latter use, the word seems rather to signify the workmanship or manner of printing, than the plate.

2. The art of making plates of fixed metallic types, or executing work on such plates.

Stereotype

STER'EOTYPE, adjective Pertaining to fixed metallic types.

2. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of fixed types; as stereotype work; stereotype printing; a stereotype copy of the Bible.

Stereotype

STER'EOTYPE, v.t. To make fixed metallic types or plates of type metal,corresponding with the words and letters of a book; to compose a book in fixed types; as, to stereotype the New Testament; certain societies have stereotyped the Bible.

Stereotyper

STER'EOTYPER, noun One who makes stereotype.

Stereotyping

STER'EOTYPING, participle of the present tense Making stereotype plates for any work; or impressing copies on stereotype plates.

Stereotypographer

STEREOTYPOG'RAPHER, noun A stereotype printer.

Stereotypography

STEREOTYPOG'RAPHY, noun The art or practice of printing on stereotype.

Entick.

Steril

STER'IL, or STER'ILE, adjective [Latin sterilis; Italian French sterile; Spanish esteril.] Barren; unfrutful; not fertile; producing little or no crop; as sterile land; a sterile desert; a sterile year.

Bacon.

2. Barren; producing no young.

More.

3. Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment, as a sterile production or author.

Sterile flower, in botany, is a term given by Tournefort to the male flower, or that which bears only stamens.

Martyn.

Sterility

STERIL'ITY, noun [Latin sterilitas; French sterilitÃƒ-©; Italian sterilitÃƒ- .]

1. Barrenness; unproductiveness; unfruitfulness; the quality or state of producing little or nothing; as the sterility of land or soil.

Bacon.

2. Barrenness; unfruitfulness; the state of not producing young; as of animals.

3. Barrenness of ideas or sentiments, as in writings.

4. Want of fertility or the power of producing sentiment; as the sterility of an author or of his mind.

Sterilize

STER'ILIZE, verb transitive To make barren; to impoverish, as land; to exhaust of fertility; as, to sterilize soil or land. [Little used.]

Woodward.

2. To deprive of fecundity, or the power of producing young. [Little used.]

Sterlet

STER'LET, noun A fish of the Caspian and of the rivers in Russia, the Acipenser ruthenus of Linne, highly esteemed for its flavor, and from whose roe is made the finest caviare.

Tooke. Coxe.

Sterling

STER'LING, adjective [probably from Easterling.]

1. An epithet by which English money of account is distinguished; as a pound sterling; a shilling sterling; a penny sterling. It is not now applied to the coins of England; but sterling cost, sterling value are used.

2. Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; as a work of sterling merit; a man of sterling wit or good sense.

Sterling

STER'LING, noun English money.

And Roman wealth in English sterling view.

Arbuthnot.

In this use, sterling may signify English coins.

2. Standard; rate. [Little used in either sense.]

Stern

STERN, adjective [Saxon styrn, stern; German starr, staring; stÃƒ-¶rrig, stubborn. See Stare, Starch, Stark, with which this word is probably connected.]

1. Severe; austere; fixed with an aspect of severity and authority; as a stern look; a stern countenance; a slern frown.

I would outstare the sternest eyes that look.

Shak.

2. Severe of manner; rigid; harsh; cruel.

Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard.

Dryden.

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff.

Shak.

3. Hard; afflictive.

If wolves had at thy gate howl'd that stern time.

Shak.

4. Rigidly stedfast; immovable.

Stern virtue is the growth of few soils.

Hamilton.

Stern

STERN, noun [Saxon steor and ern, place; the steer-place, that is, helm-place.]

1. The hind part of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem or prow. This part of a ship is terminated by the tafferel above, and by the counters below.

Mar. Dict.

2. Post of management; direction.

And sit at chiefest stern of public weal.

Shak.

[Not in use. We now say, to sit at the helm.]

2. The hinder part of any thing. [Not elegant.]

Spenser.

By the stern, is a phrase which denotes that a ship is more deeply laden abaft than forward.

Sternage

STERN'AGE, noun Steerage or stern. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Stern-Board

STERN'-BOARD, noun [stern and board.] In seaman's language, a loss of way in making a tack. To make a stern-board, is when by a current or other cause, a vessel has fallen back from the point she had gained in the last tack.

Mar. Dict.

Stern-Chase

STERN'-CHASE, noun [stern and chase.] A cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing backward and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit of her.

Mar. Dict.

Sterned

STERN'ED, adjective In compounds, having a stern of a particular shape; as square- sterned; pink-sterned, &c.

Sterner

STERN'ER, noun [Saxon steoran, to steer.] A director. [Not in use.]

Clarke.

Stern-Fast

STERN'-FAST, noun [stern and fast.] A rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel.

Stern-Frame

STERN'-FRAME, noun [stern and frame.] The several pieces of timber which form the stern of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Sternly

STERN'LY, adverb [See Stern.] In a stern manner; with an austere or stern countenance; with an air of authority.

Sternly he pronounc'd

The rigid interdiction.

Milton.

Sternness

STERN'NESS, noun Severity of look; a look of austerity, rigor or severe authority; as the sternness of one's presence.

Shak.

2. Severity or harshness of manner; rigor.

I have sternness in my soul enough

To hear of soldier's work.

Dryden.

Sternmost

STERN'MOST, adjective [stern and most.] Farthest in the rear; fathest astern; as the sternmost ship in a convoy.

Mar. Dict.

Sternon

STERN'ON, noun [Greek] The breast bone.

But sternum is chiefly or wholly used.

Stern-Port

STERN'-PORT, noun [stern and port.] A port or opening in the stern of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Stern-Post

STERN'-POST, noun [stern and post.] A straight piece of timber, erected on the extremity of the keel to support the rudder and terminate the ship behind.

Mar. Dict.

Stern-Sheets

STERN'-SHEETS, noun [stern and sheet.] That part of a boat which is between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers; usually furnished with seats for passengers.

Mar. Dict.

Sternum

STERN'UM, noun [Greek; from fixing, setting. See Starch, Stark.]

The breast bone; the bone which forms the front of the human chest from the neck to the stomach.

Sternutation

STERNUTA'TION, noun [Latin sternutatio.]

The act of sneezing.

Quincy.

Sternutative

STERNU'TATIVE, adjective [Latin sternuo, to sneeze.] Having the quality of provoking to sneeze.

Sternutatory

STERNU'TATORY, adjective [French sternutatoire, from Latin sternuo, to sneeze.] Having the quality of exciting to sneeze.

Sternutatory

STERNU'TATORY, noun A substance that provokes sneezing.

Stern-Way

STERN'-WAY, noun [stern and way.] The movement of a ship backwards, or with her stern foremost.

Mar. Dict.

Sterquilinous

STERQUIL'INOUS, adjective [Latin sterquilinium, a dunghill.]

Pertaining to a dunghill; mean; dirty; paltry.

Howell.

Sterven

STERVEN, to starve, not in use. Spenser.

Stethescope

STETH'ESCOPE, noun [Greek, the breast, and, to view.]

A tubular instrument for distinguishing diseases of the stomach by sounds.

Scudamore.

Steve

STEVE, verb transitive [from the root of stow.] To stow, as cotton or wool in a ship's hold. [Local.]

Stevedore

STE'VEDORE, noun One whose occupation is to stow goods, packages, &c. in a ship's hold.

N. York.

Steven

STEV'EN, noun [Saxon stefnian, to call.] An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Stew

STEW, verb transitive [French etuver, to stew; etuve, a stove; Italian stufare, to stew; stufa, a stove; stufo, weary, surfeited; Spanish estufa, a stove; estofa, stuff quilted; estofar, to quilt and to stew; Dutch stoof, a stove; stooven, to stew; Danish stue, a room, [See Stow,] and stueovn, a stove; Swedish stufva, to stew and to stow.]

1. To seethe or gently boil; to boil slowly in a moderate manner, or with a simmering heat; as, to stew meat; to stew apples; to stew prunes.

Shak.

2. To boil in heat.

Stew

STEW, verb transitive To be seethed in a slow gentle manner, or in heat and moisture.

Stew

STEW, noun A hot house; a bagnio.

The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give themselves to baths and stews.

Abbot.

2. A brothel; a house of prostitution; but generally or always used in the plural, stews.

Bacon. South.

3. A prostitute. [Not in use.]

4. [See Stow.] A store pond; a small pond where fish are kept for the table. [Not used.]

5. Meat stewed; as a stew of pigeons.

6. Confusion, as when the air is full of dust. [Dutch stuiven, to raise a dust; allied to stew, and proving that the primary sense of stew is to drive or agitate, to stir or excite.] [Not in use or local.]

Grose.

Steward

STEW'ARD, noun [Saxon stiward. Ward is a keeper; but the meaning of the first syllable is not evident. It is probably a contraction of German stube, a room, stow,

Saxon stow, place, or sted, place, or of Danish stÃƒ-¶b, a cup. The steward was then originally a chamberlain or a butler.]

1. A man employed in great families to manage the domestic concerns, superintend the other servants, collect the rents or income, keep the accounts, &c. See Genesis 15:2.Ã‚--xliii. 19.

2. An officer of state; as lord high steward; steward of the household, &c.

England.

3. In colleges, an officer who provides food for the students and superintends the concerns of the kitchen.

4. In a ship of war, an officer who is appointed by the purser to distribute provisions to the officers and crew. In other ships, a man who superintends the provisions and liquors, and supplies the table.

5. In Scripture and theology, a minister of Christ, whose duty is to dispense the provisions of the gospel, to preach its doctrines and administer its ordinances.

It is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful. 1 Corinthians 4.

Steward

STEW'ARD, verb transitive To manage as a steward. [Not in use.]

Fuller.

Stewardly

STEW'ARDLY, adverb With the care of a steward. [Little used.]

Tooker.

Stewardship

STEW'ARDSHIP, noun The office of a steward.

Calamy.

Stewartry

STEW'ARTRY, noun An overseer or superintendant.

The stewartry of provisions.

Tooke.

Stewed

STEW'ED, participle passive Gently boiled; boiled in heat.

Stewing

STEW'ING, participle of the present tense Boiling in a moderate heat.

Stewing

STEW'ING, noun The act of seething slowly.

Stewish

STEW'ISH, adjective Suiting a brothel.

Hall.

Stew-Pan

STEW'-PAN, noun A pan in which things are stewed.

Stibial

STIB'IAL, adjective [Latin stibium, antimony.] Like or having the qualities of antimony; antimonial.

Stibiarian

STIBIA'RIAN, noun [from Latin stibium.] A violent man. [An improper word and not in use.]

White.

Stibiated

STIB'IATED, adjective Impregnated with antimony.

Stibium

STIB'IUM, noun [Latin] Antimony.

Sticados

STIC'ADOS, noun A plant.

Ainsworth.

Stich

STICH, noun [Greek.] In poetry, a verse, of whatever measure or number of feet.

Stich is used in numbering the books of Scripture.

2. In rural affairs, an order or rank of trees.

[In New England, as much land as lies between double furrows, is called a stitch, or a land.]

Stichometry

STICHOM'ETRY, noun [Greek, a verse, and, measure.]

A catalogue of the books of Scripture, with the number of verses which each book contains.

Stich-Wort

STICH'-WORT, or STITCH-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Stellaria.

Stick

STICK, noun [Saxon sticca; German stecken; Dutch stok; Danish stikke; Swedish stake, sticka; Italian stecca. This word is connected with the verb to stick, with stock, stack, and other words having the like elements. The primary sense of the root is to thrust, to shoot, and to set; French tige. a stalk.]

1. The small shoot or branch of a tree or shrub, cut off; a rod; also, a staff; as, to strike one with a stick.

2. Any stem of a tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. It is applied in America to any long and slender piece of timber, round or square, from the smallest size to the largest, used in the frames of buildings; as a stick of timber for a post, a beam or a rafter.

3. Many instruments, long and slender, are called sticks; as the composing stick of printers.

4. A thrust with a pointed instrument that penetrates a body; a stab.

Stick of eels, the number of twenty five eels.

A bind contains ten sticks.

Encyc.

Stick

STICK, verb transitive pret. and pp. stuck. [Saxon stican, stician; German stechen, to sting or prick, and stecken, to stick, to adhere; Dutch stecken, to prick or stab; stikken, to stitch; Danish stikker, to sting, to prick; Swedish sticka; Greek,; Welsh ystigaw; Irish steacham. If formed on the elements Dg, Tg, this family of words coincides in elements with tack, attack, attach.]

1. To pierce; to stab; to cause to enter, as a pointed instrument; hence, to kill by piercing; as, to stick a beast in slaughter. [A common use of the word.]

2. To thrust in; to fasten or cause to remain by piercing; as, to stick a pin on the sleeve.

The points of spears are stuck within the shield.

Dryden.

3. To fasten; to attach by causing to adhere to the surface; as, to stick on a patch or plaster; to stick on a thing with paste or glue.

4. To set; to fix in; as, to stick card teeth.

5. To set with something pointed; as, to stick cards.

6. To fix on a pointed instrument; as, to stick an apple on a fork.

Stick

STICK, verb intransitive To adhere; to hold to by cleaving to the surface, as by tenacity or attraction; as, glue sticks to the fingers; paste sticks to the wall, and causes paper to stick.

I will cause the fish of they rivers to stick to thy scales. Ezekiel 29.

2. To be united; to be inseparable; to cling fast to, as something reproachful.

If on your fame our sex a blot has thrown,

'Twill ever stick, through malice of your own.

Young.

3. To rest with the memory; to abide.

Bacon.

4. To stop; to be impeded by adhesion or obstruction; as, the carriage sticks in the mire.

5. To stop; to be arrested in a course.

My faltering tongue

Sticks at the sound.

Smith.

6. To stop; to hesitate. He sticks at no difficulty; he sticks at the commission of no crime; he sticks at nothing.

7. To adhere; to remain; to resist efforts to remove.

I had most need of blessing, and amen

Stuck in my throat.

Shak.

8. To cause difficulties or scruples; to cause to hesitate.

This is the difficulty that sticks with the most reasonableÃ‚--

Swift.

9. To be stopped or hindered from proceeding; as, a bill passed the senate, but stuck in the house of representatives.

They never doubted the commons; but heard all stuck in the lord's house.

Clarendon.

10. To be embarrassed or puzzled.

They will stick long at part of a demonstration, for want of perceiving the connection between two ideas.

Locke.

11. To adhere closely in friendship and affection.

There is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Proverbs 18.

To stick to, to adhere closely; to be constant; to be firm; to be persevering; as, to stick to a party or cause.

The advantage will be on our side, if we stick to its essentials.

Addison.

To stick by, to adhere closely; to be constant; to be firm in supporting.

We are your only friends; stick by us, and we will stick by you.

Davenant.

2. To be troublesome by adhering.

I am satisfied to trifle away my time, rather than let it stick by me.

Pope.

To stick upon, to dwell upon; not to forsake.

If the matter be knotty, the mind must stop and buckle to it, and stick upon it with labor and thought. [Not elegant.]

Locke.

To stick out, to project; to be prominent.

His bones that were not seen, stick out. Job 33.

Stickiness

STICK'INESS, noun [from stick.] The quality of a thing which makes it adhere to a plane surface; adhesiveness; viscousness; glutinousness; tenacity; as the stickiness of glue or paste.

Stickle

STICK'LE, verb intransitive [from the practice of prize-fighters, who placed seconds with staves or sticks to interpose occasionally. Johnson.]

1. To take part with one side or other.

Fortune, as she wont, turn'd fickle,

And for the foe began to stickle.

Hudibras.

2. To contend; to contest; to altercate.

Let the parties stickle each for his favorite doctrine.

3. To trim; to play fast and loose; to pass from one side to the other.

Dryden.

Stickle

STICK'LE, verb transitive To arbitrate. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Stickle-Back

STICK'LE-BACK, noun A small fish of the genus Gasterosteus, of several species. The common species seldom grows to the length of two inches.

Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.

Stickler

STICK'LER, noun A sidesman to fencers; a second to a duelist; one who stands to judge a combat.

Basilius the judge, appointed sticklers and trumpets whom the others should obey.

Sidney.

2. An obstinate contender about any thing; as a stickler for the church or for liberty.

The tory or high church clergy were the greatest sticklers against the exorbitant proceedings of king James.

Swift.

3. Formerly, an officer who cut wood for the priory of Ederose, within the king's parks of Clarendon.

Cowel.

Stickling

STICK'LING, participle of the present tense Trimming; contending obstinately or eagerly.

Sticky

STICK'Y, adjective Having the quality of adhering to a surface; adhesive; gluey; viscous; viscid; glutinous; tenacious. Gums and resins are sticky substances.

Stiddy

STID'DY, noun [Icelandic stedia.] An anvil; also, a smith's shop. [Not in use or local.]

Stiff

STIFF, adjective [Saxon stif; German steif; Dutch Swedish styf; Danish stiv; allied to Latin stipo, stabilis, Eug. staple, Greek,.]

1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not flaccid; rigid; applicable to any substance; as stiff wood; stiff paper; cloth stiff with starch; a limb stiff with frost.

They, rising on stiff pinions, tower

The mid aerial sky.

Milton.

2. Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious; inspissated; not soft nor hard. Thus melted metals grow stiff as they cool; they are stiff before they are hard. The paste is too stiff, or not stiff enough.

3. Strong; violent; impetuous in motion; as in seamen's language, a stiff gale or breeze.

4. Hardy; stubborn; not easily subdued.

How stiff is my vile sense!

Shak.

5. Obstinate; pertinacious; firm in perseverance or resistance.

It is a shame to stand stiff in a foolish argument.

Taylor.

A war ensues; the Cretans own their cause,

Stiff to defend their hospitable laws.

Dryden.

6. Harsh; formal; constrained; not natural and easy; as a stiff formal style.

7. Formal in manner; constrained; affected; starched; not easy or natural; as stiff behavior.

The French are open, familiar and talkative; the Italians stiff, ceremonious and reserved.

Addison.

8. Strongly maintained, or asserted with good evidence.

This is stiff news.

Shak.

9. In seamen's language, a stiff vessel is one that will bear sufficient sail without danger of oversetting.

Stiffen

STIFFEN, verb transitive stif'n. [Saxon stifian; Swedish styfna; Dutch styven; German steifen; Danish stivner, to stiffen, to starch.]

1. To make stiff; to make less pliant or flexible; as, to stiffen cloth with starch.

He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart from turning to the Lord God of Israel. 2 Chronicles 36.

Stiffen the sinews; summon up the blood.

Shak.

2. To make torpid; as stiffening grief.

Dryden.

3. To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous; as, to stiffen paste.

Stiffen

STIFFEN, verb intransitive stif'n. To become stiff; to become more rigid or less flexible.

Ã‚--Like bristles rose my stiff'ning hair.

Dryden.

2. To become more thick, or less soft; to be inspissated; to approach to hardness; as, melted substances stiffen as they cool.

The tender soil then stiff'ning by degreesÃ‚--

Dryden.

3. To become less susceptible of impression; to become less tender or yielding; to grow more obstinate.

Some souls, we see,

Grow hard and stiffen with adversity.

Dryden.

Stiffening

STIFF'ENING, participle of the present tense Making or becoming less pliable, or more thick, or more obstinate.

Stiffening

STIFF'ENING, noun Something that is used to make a substance more stiff or less soft.

Stiff-Hearted

STIFF'-HE`ARTED, adjective [stiff and heart.]

Obstinate; stubborn; contumacious.

They are impudent children and stiff-hearted. Ezekiel 2.

Stiffly

STIFF'LY, adverb Firmly; strongly; as the boughs of a tree stiffly upheld.

Bacon.

2. Rigidly; obstinately; with stubbornness. The doctrine of the infallibility of the church of Rome is stiffly maintained by its adherents.

Stiff-Necked

STIFF'-NECKED, adjective [stiff and neck.] Stubborn; inflexibly obstinate; contumacious; as a stiff-necked people; stiff-necked pride.

Denham.

Stiffness

STIFF'NESS, noun Rigidness; want of pliableness or flexibility; the firm texture or state of a substance which renders it difficult to bend it; as the stiffness of iron or wood; the stiffness of a frozen limb.

Bacon.

2. Thickness; spissitude; a state between softness and hardness; as the stiffness of sirup, paste, size or starch.

3. Torpidness; inaptitude to motion.

An icy stiffness

Benumbs my blood.

Denham.

4. Tension; as the stiffness of a cord.

Dryden.

5. Obstinacy; stubbornness; contumaciousness.

The vices of old age have the stiffness of it too.

South.

Stiffness of mind is not from adherence to truth, but submission to prejudice.

Locke.

6. Formality of manner; constraint; affected precision.

All this religion sat easily upon him, without stiffness and constraint.

Atterbury.

7. Rigorousness; harshness.

But speak no word to her of these sad plights,

Which her too constant stiffness doth constrain.

Spenser.

8. Affected or constrained manner of expression or writing; want of natural simplicity and case; as stiffness of style.

Stifle

STI'FLE, verb transitive [The French elouffer, to stifle, is nearly allied to etoffe, siuff, Latin stupa. But stifle seems to be more nearly allied to Latin stipo and stiff and stop; all however of one family. Qu. Greek.]

1. To suffocate; to stop the breath or action of the lungs by crowding something into the windpipe, or by infusing a substance into the lungs, or by other means; to choke; as, to stifle one with smoke or dust.

2. To stop; as, to stifle the breath; to stifle respiration.

3. To oppress; to stop the breath temporarily; as, to stifle one with kisses; to be stifled in a close room or with bad air.

4. To extinguish; to deaden; to quench; as, to stifle flame; to stifle a fire by smoke or by ashes.

5. To suppress; to hinder from transpiring or spreading; as, to stifle a report.

6. To extinguish; to check or restrain and destroy; to suppress; as, to stifle a civil war in its birth.

Addison.

7. To suppress or repress; to conceal; to withhold from escaping or manifestation; as, to stifle passion; to stifle grief; to stifle resentment.

8. To suppress; to destroy; as, to stifle convictions.

Stifle

STI'FLE, noun The joint of a horse next to the buttock, and corresponding to the knee in man; called also the stifle joint.

2. A disease in the knee-pan of a horse or other animal.

Cyc.

Stigma

STIG'MA, noun [Latin from Greek, from, to prick or stick.]

1. A brand; a mark made with a burning iron.

2. Any mark of infamy; any reproachful conduct which stains the purity or darkens the luster of reputation.

3. In botany, the top of the pistil, which is moist and pubescent to detain and burst the pollen or prolific powder.

Martyn.

Stigmata

STIG'MATA, n. plu. The apertures in the bodies of insects, communicating with the tracheae or air-vessels.

Encyc.

Stigmatic

STIGMAT'IC, or STIGMAT'ICAL, adjective Marked with a stigma, or with something reproachful to character.

Shak.

2. Impressing with infamy or reproach.

Stigmatic

STIGMAT'IC, noun A notorious profligate, or criminal who has been branded. [Little used.]

2. One who bears about him the marks of infamy or punishment. [Little used.]

Bullokar.

3. One on whom nature has set a mark of deformity. [Little used.]

Steevens.

Stigmatically

STIGMAT'ICALLY, adverb With a mark of infamy or deformity.

Stigmatize

STIG'MATIZE, verb transitive [French stigmatiser.] To mark with a brand; in a literal sense; as, the ancients stigmatized their slaves and soldiers.

2. To set a mark of disgrace on; to disgrace with some note of reproach or infamy.

To find virtue extolled and vice stigmatizedÃ‚--

Addison.

Sour enthusiasts affect to stigmatize the finest and most elegant authors, ancient and modern, as dangerous to religion.

Addison.

Stigmatized

STIG'MATIZED, participle passive Marked with disgrace.

Stigmatizing

STIG'MATIZING, participle of the present tense Branding with infamy.

Stilar

STI'LAR, adjective [from stile.] Pertaining to the stile of a dial.

Draw a line for the stilar line.

Moxon.

Stilbite

STIL'BITE, noun [Greek, to shine.] A mineral of a shining pearly luster, of a white color, or white shaded with gray, yellow or red. It has been associated with zeolite, and called foliated zeolite, and radiated zeolite. Werner and the French mineralogists divide zeolite into two kinds, mesotype and stilbite; the latter is distinguished by its lamellar structure.

Werner. Jameson. Cleaveland.

Stile

STILE, noun [This is another spelling of style. See Style and Still.]

A pin set on the face of a dial to form a shadow.

Erect the stile perpendicularly over the substilar line, so as to make an angle with the dialplane equal to the elevation of the pole of your place.

Moxon.

Stile

STILE, noun [Saxon stigel, a step, ladder, from stigan, to step, to walk, to ascend; German stegel. See Stair.]

A step or set of steps for ascending and descending, in passing a fence or wall.

Swift.

Stiletto

STILET'TO, noun [Italian dim. from stilo; French stylet. See Style.] A small dagger with a round pointed blade.

Still

STILL, verb transitive [Saxon stillan; German, Dutch stillen; Danish stiller; Swedish stilla, to still, to quiet or appease, that is, to set, to repress; coinciding with German stellen, to put, set, place, Greek, to send, and with style, stool, stall.]

1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to check or restrain; to make quiet; as, to still the raging sea.

2. To stop, as noise; to silence.

With his name the mothers still their babes.

Shak.

3. To appease; to calm; to quiet; as tumult, agitation or excitement; as, to still the passions.

Still

STILL, adjective Silent; uttering no sound; applicable to animals or to things. The company or the man is still; the air is still; the sea is still.

2. Quiet; calm; not disturbed by noise; as a still evening.

3. Motionless; as, to stand still; to lie or sit still.

4. Quiet; calm; not agitated; as a still atmosphere.

Still

STILL, noun Calm; silence; freedom from noise; as the still of midnight. [A poetic word.]

Shak.

Still

STILL, adverb To this time; till now.

It hath been anciently reported, and is still received.

Bacon.

[Still here denotes this time; set or fixed.]

2. Nevertheless; notwithstanding.

The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away in private.

Addison.

[Still here signifies set, given, and refers to the whole of the first clause of the sentence. The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; that fact being given or set, or notwithstanding, he is afraid, &c.]

3. It precedes or accompanies words denoting increase of degree.

The moral perfections of the Deity, the more attentively we consider them, the more perfectly still shall we know them.

Atterbury.

[This is not correct.]

4. Always; ever; continually.

Trade begets trade, and people go much where many people have already gone; so men run still to a crowd in the streets, though only to see.

Temple.

The fewer still you name, you wound the more.

Pope.

5. After that; after what is stated.

In the primitive church, such as by fear were compelled to sacrifice to strange gods, after repented, and kept still the office of preaching the gospel.

Whitgrifte.

6. In continuation.

And, like the watchful minutes to the hour,

Still and anon cheer'd up the heavy time.

Shak.

Still

STILL, noun [Latin stillo, to drop. See Distill.] A vessel, boiler or copper used in the distillation of liquors; as vapor ascending out of the still.

Newton.

The word is used in a more general sense for the vessel and apparatus. A still house is also called a still.

Still

STILL, verb transitive [Latin stillo.] To expel spirit from liquor by heat and condense it in a refrigeratory; to distill. [See Distill.]

Still

STILL, verb intransitive To drop. [Not in use. See Distill.]

Stillatitious

STILLATI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin stillatitius.]

Falling in drops; drawn by a still.

Stillatory

STILL'ATORY, noun An alembic; a vessel for distillation. [Little used or not at all.]

Bacon.

2. A laboratory; a place or room in which distillation is performed. [Little used.]

Wotton. More.

Still-Born

STILL'-BORN, adjective [still and born.] Dead at the birth; as a still-born child.

2. Abortive; as a still-born poem.

Swift.

Still-Burn

STILL'-BURN, verb transitive [still and burn.] To burn in the process of distillation; as, to still-burn brandy.

Smollett.

Stilled

STILL'ED, participle passive [See Still, the verb.] Calmed; appeased; quieted; silenced.

Stiller

STILL'ER, noun One who stills or quiets.

Stillicide

STIL'LICIDE, noun [Latin stillicidium; stilla, a drop, and cado, to fall.]

A continual falling or succession of drops. [Not much used.]

Bacon.

Stillicidious

STILLICID'IOUS, adjective Falling in drops.

Brown.

Stilling

STILL'ING, participle of the present tense Calming; silencing; quieting.

Stilling

STILL'ING, noun The act of calming, silencing or quieting.

2. A stand for casks. [Not used in America.]

Still-Life

STILL'-LIFE, noun [still and life.] Things that have only vegetable life.

Mason.

2. Dead animals, or paintings representing the dead.

Gray.

Stillness

STILL'NESS, noun Freedom from noise or motion; calmness; quiet; silence; as the stillness of the night, the air or the sea.

2. Freedom from agitation or excitement; as the stillness of the passions.

3. Habitual silence; taciturnity.

The gravity and stillness of your youth,

The world hath noted.

Shak.

Still-Stand

STILL'-STAND, noun Absence of motion. [Little used.]

Stilly

STIL'LY, adverb Silently; without noise.

2. Calmly; quietly; without tumult.

Stilpnosiderite

STILPNOSID'ERITE, noun [Greek, shining, and siderite.]

A mineral of a brownish black color, massive, in curving concretions, splendent and resinous.

Stilt

STILT, noun [German stelze; Dutch stelt, stelten;

Danish stulter.]

A stilt is a piece of wood with a shoulder, to support the foot in walking. Boys sometimes use stilts for raising their feet above the mud in walking, but they are rarely seen.

Men must not walk upon stilts.

L'Estrange.

Stilt

STILT, verb transitive To raise on stilts; to elevate.

Young.

2. To raise by unnatural means.

Stimulant

STIM'ULANT, adjective [Latin stimulans.] Increasing or exciting action, particularly the action of the organs of an animal body; stimulating.

Stimulant

STIM'ULANT, adjective A medicine that excites and increases the action of the moving fibers or organs of an animal body.

Stimulate

STIM'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin stimuto, to prick, to goad, to excite; stimulus, a goad.] Literally, to prick or goad. Hence,

1. To excite, rouse or animate to action or more vigorous exertion by some pungent motive or by persuasion; as, to stimulate one by the hope of reward, or by the prospect of glory.

2. In medicine, to excite or increase the action of the moving fibers or organs of an animal body; as, to stimulate a torpid limb; or to stimulate the stomach and bowels.

Stimulated

STIM'ULATED, participle passive Goaded; roused or excited to action or more vigorous exertion.

Stimulating

STIM'ULATING, participle of the present tense Goading; exciting to action or more vigorous exertion.

Stimulation

STIMULA'TION, noun The act of goading or exciting.

2. Excitement; the increased action of the moving fibers or organs in animal bodies.

Stimulative

STIM'ULATIVE, adjective Having the quality of exciting action in the animal system.

Stimulative

STIM'ULATIVE, noun That which stimulates; that which rouses into more vigorous action; that which excites.

Stimulator

STIM'ULATOR, noun One that stimulates.

Stimulus

STIM'ULUS, noun [Latin This word may be formed on the root of stem, a shoot.]

Literally, a goad; hence, something that rouses from languor; that which excites or increases action in the animal system, as a stimulus in medicine; or that which rouses the mind or spirits; as; the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labor and action.

Sting

STING, verb transitive pret. and pp. stung. Stang is obsolete. [Gothic stigcwan; Saxon stingan, styngan, to rush or thrust, hence to sting; German stechen, to stick, to sting; stachel, a prick, goad, sting; Dutch stecken, steckel; Danish stikker, to stick, to sting; sting, a thrust, a stitch, a sting; Swedish sticka. The Dutch has steng, a pole or perch; Swedish stÃƒ-¥ng, id.; and stÃƒ-¥nga, to push with the horns. to gore. We see that sting, is stick altered in orthography and pronunciation.]

1. To pierce with the sharp pointed instrument with which certain animals are furnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and the like. Bees will seldom sting persons, unless they are first provoked.

2. To pain acutely; as, the conscience is stung with remorse.

Slander stings the brave.

Pope.

Sting

STING, noun [Saxon sting, stincg; Icelandic staung, a spear; Welsh ystang; Dutch steng, a pole or perch, Swedish stÃƒ-¥ng; Italian stanga, a bar. These words are all of one family.]

1. A sharp pointed weapon or instrument which certain animals are armed by nature for their defense, and which they thrust from the hinder part of the body to pierce any animal that annoys or provokes them. In most instances, this instrument is a tube, through which a poisonous matter is discharged, which inflames the flesh, and in some instances proves fatal to life.

2. The thrust of a sting into the flesh. The sting of most insects produces acute pain.

3. Any thing that gives acute pain. Thus we speak of the stings of remorse; the stings of reproach.

4. The point in the last verse; as the sting of an epigram.

Dryden.

5. That which gives the principal pain, or constitutes the principal terror.

The sting of death is sin. 1 Corinthians 15.

Stinger

STING'ER, noun That which stings, vexes or gives acute pain.

Stingily

STIN'GILY, adverb [from stingy.] With mean covetousness; in a niggardly manner.

Stinginess

STIN'GINESS, noun [from stingy.] Extreme avarice; mean covetousness; niggardliness.

Stingless

STING'LESS, adjective [from sting.] Having no sting.

Stingo

STIN'GO, noun [from the sharpness of the taste.] Old beer. [A cant word.]

Addison.

Stingy

STIN'GY, adjective [from straitness; Welsh ystang, something strait; ystangu, to straiten, to limit.]

1. Extremely close and covetous; meanly avaricious; niggardly; narrow hearted; as a stingy churl. [A word in popular use, but low and not admissible into elegant writing.]

Stink

STINK, verb intransitive pret. stank or stunk. [Saxon stincan; German, Dutch stinken; Danish stinker; Swedish stinka.]

To emit a strong offensive smell.

Locke.

Stink

STINK, noun A strong offensive smell.

Dryden.

Stinkard

STINK'ARD, noun A mean paltry fellow.

Stinker

STINK'ER, noun Something intended to offend by the smell.

Harvey.

Stinking

STINK'ING, participle of the present tense Emitting a strong offensive smell.

Stinkingly

STINK'INGLY, adverb With an offensive smell.

Shak.

Stinkpot

STINK'POT, noun An artificial composition offensive to the smell.

Hurvey.

Stinkstone

STINK'STONE, noun Swinestone, a variety of compact lucullite; a subspecies of limestone.

Ure.

Stint

STINT, verb transitive [Saxon stintan, to stint or stunt; Icelandic stunta; Greek, narrow.]

1. To restrain within certain limits; to bound; to confine; to limit; as, to stint the body in growth; to stint the mind in knowledge; to stint a person in his meals.

Nature wisely stints our appetite.

Dryden.

2. To assign a certain task in labor, which being performed, the person is excused from further labor for the day, or for a certain time; a common popular use of the word in America.

Stint

STINT, noun A small bird, the Tringa cinctus.

Stint

STINT, noun Limit; bound; restraint.

Dryden.

2. Quantity assigned; proportion allotted.

The workmen have their stint.

Our stint of woe

Is common.

Shak.

Stintance

STINT'ANCE, noun Restraint; stoppage. [Not used or local.]

Stinted

STINT'ED, participle passive Restrained to a certain limit or quantity; limited.

Stinter

STINT'ER, noun He or that which stints.

Stinting

STINT'ING, participle of the present tense Restraining within certain limits; assigning a certain quantity to; limiting.

Stipe

STIPE, noun [Latin stipes; Greek, a stake.] In botany, the base of a frond; or a species of stem passing into leaves, or not distinct from the leaf. The stem of a fungus is also called stipe. The word is also used for the filament or slender stalk which supports the pappus or down, and connects it with the seed.

Martyn.

Stipel

STIP'EL, noun [See Stipula.] In botany, a little appendix situated at the base of the folioles.

Decandolle.

Stipend

STI'PEND, noun [Latin stipendium; stips, a piece of money, and pendo, to pay.]

Settled pay or compensation for services, whether daily or monthly wages; or an annual salary.

Stipend

STI'PEND, verb transitive To pay by settled wages.

Shelton.

Stipendiary

STIPEND'IARY, adjective [Latin stipendiarius.] Receiving wages or salary; performing services for a stated price or compensation.

His great stipendiary prelates came with troops of evil appointed horsemen not half full.

Knolles.

Stipendiary

STIPEND'IARY, noun [supra.] One who performs services for a settled compensation, either by the day, month or year.

If thou art become

A tyrant's vile stipendiaryÃ‚--

Glover.

Stipitate

STIP'ITATE, adjective [See Stipe.] In botany, supported by a stipe; elevated on a stipe; as pappus or down.

Martyn.

Stipple

STIP'PLE, verb transitive To engrave by means of dots, in distinction from engraving in lines.

Todd.

Stippled

STIP'PLED, participle passive Engraved with dots.

Stippling

STIP'PLING, participle of the present tense Engraving with dots.

Stippling

STIP'PLING, noun A mode of engraving on copper by means of dots.

Cyc.

Stiptic

STIP'TIC. [See Styptic.]

Stipula

STIP'ULA, or STIP'ULE, noun [Latin stipula, a straw or stubble.]

In botany, a scale at the base of nascent petioles or peduncles. Stipules are in pairs or solitary; they are lateral, extrafoliaceous, intrafoliaceous, &c.

Martyn.

A leafy appendage to the proper leaves or to their footstalks; commonly situated at the base of the latter, in pairs.

Smith.

Stipulaceous

STIPULA'CEOUS, or STIP'ULAR, adjective [from Latin stipula, stipularis. See Stipula.]

1. Formed of stipules or scales; as a stipular bud.

2. Growing on stipules, or close to them; as stipular glands.

Martyn. Lee.

Stipulate

STIP'ULATE, verb intransitive [Latin stipulor, from stipes, or from the primary sense of the root, as in stipo, to crowd; whence the sense of agreement, binding, making fast.]

1. To make an agreement or covenant with any person or company to do or forbear any thing; to contract; to settle terms; as, certain princes stipulated to assist each other in resisting the armies of France. Great Britain and the United States stipulate to oppose and restrain the African slave trade. A has stipulated to build a bridge within a given time. B has stipulated not to annoy or interdict our trade.

2. To bargain. A has stipulated to deliver me his horse for fifty guineas.

Stipulate

STIP'ULATE, adjective [from stipula.] Having stipules on it; as a stipulate stalk.

Stipulated

STIP'ULATED, participle passive Agreed; contracted; covenanted. It was stipulated that Great Britain should retain Gibraltar.

Stipulating

STIP'ULATING, participle of the present tense Agreeing; contracting; bargaining.

Stipulation

STIPULA'TION, noun [French from Latin stipulatio.]

1. The act of agreeing and covenanting; a contracting or bargaining.

2. An agreement or covenant made by one person with another for the performance or forbearance of some act; a contract or bargain; as the stipulations of the allied powers to furnish each his contingent of troops.

3. In botany, the situation and structure of the stipules.

Martyn.

Stipulator

STIP'ULATOR, noun One who stipulates, contracts or covenants.

Stipule

STIP'ULE. [See Stipula.]

Stir

STIR, v. t. stur. [Saxon stirian, styrian; Dutch stooren; German stÃƒ-¶ren, to stir, to disturb; Welsh ystwriaw. This word gives storm; Icelandic stir, war.]

1. To move; to change place in any manner.

My foot I had never yet in five days been able to stir.

Temple.

2. To agitate; to bring into debate.

Stir not questions of jurisdiction.

Bacon.

3. To incite to action; to instigate; to prompt.

An AtÃƒ-© stirring him to blood and strife.

Shak.

4. To excite; to raise; to put into motion.

And for her sake some mutiny will stir.

Dryden.

To stir up, to incite; to animate; to instigate by inflaming passions; as, to stir up a nation to rebellion.

The words of Judas were good and able to stir them up to valor. 2 Macc.

2. To excite; to put into action; to begin; as, to stir up a mutiny or insurrection; to stir up strife.

3. To quicken; to enliven; to make more lively or vigorous; as, to stir up the mind.

4. To disturb; as, to stir up the sediment of liquor.

Stir

STIR, v. i. stur. To move one's self. He is not able to stir.

2. To go or be carried in any manner. He is not able to stir from home, or to stir abroad.

3. To be in motion; not to be still. He is continually stirring.

4. To become the object of notice or conversation.

They fancy they have a right to talk freely upon every thing that stirs or appears.

Watts.

5. To rise in the morning. [Colloquial.]

Shak.

Stir

STIR, noun [Welsh ystwr.] Agitation; tumult; bustle; noise or various movements.

Why all these words, this clamor and this stir?

Denham.

Consider, after so much stir about the genus and species, how few words have yet settled definitions.

Locke.

2. Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous disorder; seditious uproar.

Being advertised of some stir raised by his unnatural sons in England, he departed from Ireland without a blow.

Davies.

3. Agitation of thoughts; conflicting passions.

Shak.

Stiriated

STIR'IATED, adjective [Latin stiria, an icicle] Adorned with pendants like icicles.

Stirious

STIR'IOUS, adjective [supra.] Resembling icicles. [Not much used.]

Brown.

Stirk

STIRK, n. sturk. A young ox or heiter. [Local.]

Stirp

STIRP, n. sturp. [Latin stirps.] Stock; race; family. [Not English.]

Bacon.

Stirred

STIR'RED, participle passive Moved; agitated; put in action.

Stirrer

STIR'RER, noun One who is in motion.

2. One who puts in motion.

3. A riser in the morning.

Shak.

4. An inciter or exciter; an instigator.

5. A stirrer up, an exciter; an instigator.

Stirring

STIR'RING, participle of the present tense Moving; agitating; putting in motion.

Stirring

STIR'RING, noun [supra.] The act of moving or putting in motion.

Stirrup

STIRRUP, noun stur'up. [Saxon stige-rapa, step-rope; stigan, to step or ascend, and rap, rope; German steig-bÃƒ-¼gel, step-bow or mounting-bow; Dutch styg-beugel; Swedish steg-b?gel; Danish stigbÃƒ-¶jle. The first stirrups appear to have been ropes.]

A kind of ring or bending piece of metal, horizontal on one side for receiving the foot of the rider, and attached to a strap which is fastened to the saddle; used to assist persons in mounting a horse, and to enable them to sit steadily in riding, as well as to relieve them by supporting a part of the weight of the body.

Stirrup-Lether

STIR'RUP-LETHER, noun A strap that supports a stirrup.

Stitch

STITCH, verb transitive [German sticken; Dutch stikken; Danish stikker; Swedish sticka. This is another form of stick.]

1. To sew in a particular manner; to sew slightly or loosely; as, to stitch a collar or a wristband; to stitch the leaves of a book and form a pamphlet.

2. To form land into ridges. [N. England.]

To stitch up, to mend or unite with a needle and thread; as, to stitch up a rent; to stitch up an artery.

Wiseman.

Stitch

STITCH, verb intransitive To practice stitching.

Stitch

STITCH, noun A single pass of a needle in sewing.

2. A single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting; a link of yarn; as, to let down a stitch; to take up a stitch.

3. A land; the space between two double furrows in plowed ground.

4. A local spasmodic pain; an acute lancing pain, like the piercing of a needle; as a stitch in the side.

Stitched

STITCH'ED, participle passive Sewed slightly.

Stitchel

STITCH'EL, noun A kind of hairy wool. [Local.]

Stitcher

STITCH'ER, noun One that stitches.

Stitchery

STITCH'ERY, noun Needlework; in contempt.

Shak.

Stitchfallen

STITCH'FALLEN, adjective Fallen, as a stitch in knitting. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Stitching

STITCH'ING, participle of the present tense Sewing in a particular manner; uniting with a needle and thread.

Stitching

STITCH'ING, noun The act of stitching.

2. Work done by sewing in a particular manner.

3. The forming of land into ridges or divisions.

Stitch-Wort

STITCH'-WORT, noun A plant, camomile. [Latin anthemis.]

Ainsworth.

A plant of the genus Stellaria.

Lee.

Stitch

STITCH, adjective [Saxon] Strong; rigid. [Not in use.]

Stithy

STITH'Y, noun [supra. Icelandic stedia.] An anvil. [Local.]

Shak.

2. A disease in oxen.

Stive

STIVE, verb transitive [See Stuff and Stew.] To stuff up close. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

2. To make hot, sultry and close. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Stiver

STI'VER, noun [Swedish stifver; Dutch stuiver.] A Dutch coin of about the value of a half-penny sterling, or the cent of the United States. It is also a money of account in Holland and Flanders.

Encyc.

Stoak

STOAK, verb transitive To stop; to choke; in seamen's language.

Stoat

STOAT, noun An animal of the weasel kind; the ermine. This animal is called stoat when of a reddish color, and ermine when white, as in winter.

Ed. Encyc.

Stocah

STO'CAH, noun [Irish and Erse.] An attendant; a wallet boy. [Not English nor used.]

Spenser.

Stoccade

STOCCA'DE, or STOCCA'DO, noun [Italian stoccato, a thrust, from stocco, a stock or race, a rapier or long sword; Spanish estocada; French estocade. This gives the sense of thrust. But we give the word another signification, from stock, a post or fixed piece of timber. The Italian stocco and stock are the same word.]

1. A stab; a thrust with a rapier.

Shak.

2. A fence or barrier made with stakes or posts planted in the earth; a slight fortification. [See Stockade.]

Stochastic

STOCHAS'TIC, adjective [Greek.] Conjectural; able to conjecture. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Stock

STOCK, noun [Saxon stoc, a place, the stem of a tree; German stock, a stem, a staff, a stick, a block; Dutch Danish stok, id.; Swedish stock; French estoc; Italian stocco. This word coincides with stake, stick, stack; that which is set or fixed.]

1. The stem or main body of a tree or other plant; the fixed, strong, firm part; the origin and support of the branches. Job 14.

2. The stem in which a graft is inserted, and which is its support.

The coin overruleth the stock quite.

Bacon.

3. A post; something fixed, solid and senseless.

When all our fathers worship'd stocks and stones.

Milton.

4. A person very stupid, dull and senseless.

Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks.

Shak.

5. The handle of any thing.

6. The wood in which the barrel of a musket or other fire-arm is fixed.

7. A thrust with a rapier. [Not in use.]

8. A cravat or band for the neck.

9. A cover for the leg. Obs. [Now stocking.]

10. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a family; the progenitors of a family and their direct descendants; lineage; family. From what stock did he spring?

Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock

From DardanusÃ‚--

Denham.

Men and brethren, children of the stock of AbrahamÃ‚-- Acts 13.

11. A fund; capital; the money or goods employed in trade, manufactures, insurance, banking, &c.; as the stock of a banking company; the stock employed in the manufacture of cotton, in making insurance and the like. Stock may be individual or joint.

12. Money lent to government, or property in a public debt; a share or shares of a national or other public debt, or in a company debt. The United States borrow of the bank or of individuals, and sell stock bearing an interest of five, six or seven percent. British stocks are the objects of perpetual speculation.

13. Supply provided; store. Every one may be charitable out of his own stock. So we say, a stock of honor, a stock of fame.

Add to that stock which justly we bestow.

Dryden.

14. In agriculture, the domestic animals or beasts belonging to the owner of a farm; as a stock of cattle or of sheep. It is also used for the crop or other property belonging to the farm.

Encyc.

15. Living beasts shipped to a foreign country; as, a brig sailed yesterday with stock on deck. The cattle are called also live stock.

America.

16. In the West Indies, the slaves of a plantation.

17. Stocks, plu. a machine consisting of two pieces of timber, in which the legs of criminals are confined by way of punishment.

18. The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building.

19. The stock of an anchor is the piece of timber into which the shank is inserted.

Mar. Dict.

20. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of the books.

Encyc.

Stock

STOCK, verb transitive To store; to supply; to fill; as, to stock the mind with ideas. Asia and Europe are well stocked with inhabitants.

2. To lay up in store; as, he stocks what he cannot use.

Johnson.

3. To put in the stocks. [Little used.]

Shak.

4. To pack; to put into a pack; as, to stock cards.

5. To supply with domestic animals; as, to stock a farm.

6. To supply with seed; as, to stock land with clover or herdsgrass.

American farmers.

7. To suffer cows to retain their milk for 24 hours or more, previous to sale.

To stock up, to extirpate; to dig up.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Stockade

STOCKA'DE, noun [See Stoccade.] In fortification, a sharpened post or stake set in the earth.

2. A line of posts or stakes set in the earth as a fence or barrier.

Stockade

STOCKA'DE, verb transitive To surround or fortify with sharpened posts fixed in the ground.

Stockaded

STOCKA'DED, participle passive Fortified with stockades.

Stockading

STOCKA'DING, participle of the present tense Fortifying with sharpened posts or stakes.

Stock-Broker

STOCK'-BROKER, noun [stock and broker.]

A broker who deals in the purchase and sale of stocks or shares in the public funds.

Stock-Dove

STOCK'-DOVE, noun [stock and dove.] The ring-dove.

Dryden.

The stock dove is the wild pigeon of Europe, (Columbu oenas,) long considered as the stock of the domestic pigeon, but now regarded as a distinct species. The ringdove is the Columba palumbus.

Ed. Encyc.

Stock-Fish

STOCK'-FISH, noun [stock and fish.] Cod dried hard and without salt.

Stock-Gillyflower

STOCK-GIL'LYFLOWER, noun A plant, a species of Cheiranthus; sometimes written stock July flower. Encyc. Fam. of Plants.

Stocking

STOCK'ING, noun [from stock; Irish stoca; supposed by Johnson to be a corruption of stoken, plural of stock. But qu.]

A garment made to cover the leg.

Stocking

STOCK'ING, v.t. To dress in stockings.

Dryden.

Stockish

STOCK'ISH, adjective Hard; stupid; blockish. [Little used.]

Shak.

Stock-Jobber

STOCK'-JOBBER, noun [stock and job.] One who speculates in the public funds for gain; one whose occupation is to buy and sell stocks.

Stock-Jobbing

STOCK'-JOBBING, noun The act or art of dealing in the public funds.

Encyc.

Stock-Lock

STOCK'-LOCK, noun [stock and lock.] A lock fixed in wood.

Moxon.

Stocks

STOCKS. [See under Stock.]

Stock-Still

STOCK'-STILL, adjective [stock and still.] Still as a fixed post; perfectly still.

Our preachers stand stock-still in the pulpit.

Anon.

Stocky

STOCK'Y, adjective [from stock.] Thick and firm; stout. A stocky person is one rather thick than tall or corpulent; one whose bones are covered well with flesh, but without a prominent belly.

Stoic

STO'IC, noun [Greek, from, a porch in Athens where the philosopher Zeno taught.]

A disciple of the philosopher Zeno, who founded a sect. He taught that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and submit without complaint to the unavoidable necessity by which all things are governed.

Enfield.

Stoic

STO'IC, or STO'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Stoics or to their doctrines.

2. Not affected by passion; unfeeling; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain.

Stoically

STO'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of the Stoics; without apparent feeling or sensibility; with indifference to pleasure or pain.

Chesterfield.

Stoicalness

STO'ICALNESS, noun The state of being stoical; indifference to pleasure or pain.

Stoicism

STO'ICISM, noun The opinions and maxims of the Stoics.

2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain; insensibility.

Stoke

STOKE, Saxon stocce, stoc, place, is the same word as stock, differently applied. It is found in many English names of towns.

Stoke

STOKE, or STO'KER, noun One who looks after the fire in a brew-house. [Local or technical.]

Green.

Stole

STOLE, pret. of steal.

Stole

STOLE, noun [Latin Italian stola; Spanish estola.] A long vest or robe; a garment worn by the priests of some denominations when they officiate. It is a broad strip of cloth reaching from the neck to the feet.

Encyc.

2. [Latin stolo.] A sucker; a shoot from the root of a plant, by which some plants may be propagated; written also stool.

Stolen

STOLEN, pp. sto'ln. The passive participle of steal.

Stolen waters are sweet. Proverbs 9.

Stolid

STOL'ID, adjective [Latin stolidus; from the root of still, stall, to set.]

Dull; foolish; stupid. [Not used.]

Stolidity

STOLID'ITY, noun [supra.] Dullness of intellect; stupidity. [Little used.]

Bentley.

Stoloniferous

STOLONIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin stolo, a sucker, and fero, to produce.]

Producing suckers; putting forth suckers; as a stoloniferous stem.

Martyn.

Stomach

STOM'ACH, noun [Latin stomachus; Spanish estomago; Italian stomacho; French estomac.]

1. In animal bodies, a membranous receptacle, the organ of digestion, in which food is prepared for entering into the several parts of the body for its nourishment.

2. Appetite; the desire of food caused by hunger; as a good stomach for roast beef. [A popular use of the word.]

3. Inclination; liking.

Bacon.

He which hath no stomach to this fight,

Let him departÃ‚--

Shak.

4. Anger; violence of temper.

Stern was his look, and full of stomach vain.

Spenser.

5. Sullenness; resentment; willful obstinacy; stubbornness.

This sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy and stomach, the will, where the fault lies, must be bent.

Locke.

6. Pride; haughtiness.

He was a man

Of an unbounded stomach, ever ranking

Himself with princes.

Shak.

[Note. This word in all the foregoing senses, except the first, is nearly obsolete or inelegant.]

Stomach

STOM'ACH, verb transitive [Latin stomachor.] To resent; to remember with anger.

The lion began to show his teeth, and to stomach the affront.

L'Estrange.

This sense is not used in America, as far as my observation extends. In America, at least in New England, the sense is,

2. To brook; to bear without open resentment or without opposition. [Not elegant.]

Stomach

STOM'ACH, verb intransitive To be angry. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Stomached

STOM'ACHED, adjective Filled with resentment.

Shak.

Stomacher

STOM'ACHER, noun An ornament or support to the breast, worn by females. Isaiah 3.

Shak.

Stomachful

STOM'ACHFUL, adjective Willfully obstinate; stubborn; perverse; as a stomachful boy.

L'Estrange.

Stomachfulness

STOM'ACHFULNESS, noun Stubbornness; sullenness; perverse obstinacy.

Stomachic

STOMACH'IC, or STOMACH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the stomach; as stomachic vessels.

Harvey.

2. Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the action of the stomach.

Coxe.

Stomachic

STOMACH'IC, noun A medicine that excites the action and strengthens the tone of the stomach.

Stomaching

STOM'ACHING, noun Resentment. [Not in use.]

Stomachless

STOM'ACHLESS, adjective Being without appetite.

Hall.

Stomachous

STOM'ACHOUS, adjective Stout; sullen; obstinate. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Stomp

STOMP, for stamp, which see.

Stond

STOND, noun [for stand.] A stop; a post; a station. Obs. [See Stand.]

Stone

STONE, noun [Saxon stan; Gothic staina; German stein; Dutch Danish steen; Swedish sten; Dalmatian, sztina; Croatian, stine. This word may be a derivative from the root of stand, or it may belong to some root in Class Dn. The primary sense is to set, to fix; Greek.]

1. A concretion of some species of earth, as lime, silex, clay and the like, usually in combination with some species of air or gas, with sulphur or with a metallic substance; a hard compact body, of any form and size. In popular language, very large masses of concretions are called rocks; and very small concretions are universally called gravel or sand, or grains of sand. Stones are of various degrees of hardness and weight; they are brittle and fusible, but not malleable, ductile, or soluble in water. Stones are of great and extensive use in the construction of buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers, abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture and the like.

When we speak of the substance generally, we use stone in the singular; as a house or wall of stone. But when we speak of particular separate masses, we say, a stone, or the stones.

2. A gem; a precious stone.

Inestimable stones, unvalu'd jewels.

Shak.

3. Any thing made of stone; a mirror.

Shak.

4. A calculous concretion in the kidneys or bladder; the disease arising from a calculus.

5. A testicle.

6. The nut of a drupe or stone fruit; or the hard covering inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy pericarp.

Martyn.

7. In Great Britain, the weight of fourteen pounds. [8, 12, 14 or 16.]

[Not used in the United States, except in reference to the riders of horses in races.]

8. A monument erected to preserve the memory of the dead.

Should some relentless eye

Glance on the stone where our cold relics lieÃ‚--

Pope.

9. It is used to express torpidness and insensibility; as a heart of stone.

I have not yet forgot myself to stone.

Pope.

10. Stone is prefixed to some words to qualify their signification. Thus stone-dead, is perfectly dead, as lifeless as a stone; stone-still, still as a stone, perfectly still; stone-blind, blind as a stone, perfectly blind.

To leave no stone unturned, a proverbial expression which signifies to do every thing that can be done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.

Meteoric stones, stones which fall from the atmosphere, as after the displosion of a meteor.

Philosopher's stone, a pretended substance that was formerly supposed to have the property of turning any other substance into gold.

Stone

STONE, adjective Made of stone, or like stone; as a stone jug.

Stone

STONE, verb transitive [Saxon stoenan.] To pelt, beat or kill with stones.

And they stoned Stephen calling on God and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. Acts 7.

2. To harden.

O perjur'd woman, thou dost stone my heart. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To free from stones; as, to stone raisins.

4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with stones; as, to stone a well; to stone a cellar.

Stone-Blind

STO'NE-BLIND, adjective [stone and blind.] Blind as a stone; perfectly blind.

Stone-Bow

STO'NE-BOW, noun [stone and bow.] A cross bow for shooting stones.

Stone-Break

STO'NE-BREAK, noun [stone and break; Latin saxifraga.] A plant.

Ainsworth.

Stone-Chat

STO'NE-CHAT, or STO'NE-CHATTER, noun [stone and chatter.] A bird, the Motacilla rubicola. Linn.

Ainsworth. Ed. Encyc.

Stone-Cray

STO'NE-CRAY, noun A distemper in hawks.

Stone-Crop

STO'NE-CROP, noun [Saxon stan-crop.] A sort of tree.

Mortimer.

A plant of the genus Sedum; wall-pepper. The stone-crop tree or shrubby glass-wort is of the genus Chenopodium.

Lee.

Stonecutter

STO'NECUTTER, noun [stone and cut.] One whose occupation is to hew stones.

Swift.

Stonecutting

STO'NECUTTING, noun The business of hewing stones for walls, steps, cornices, monuments, &c.

Stoned

STO'NED, participle passive Pelted or killed with stones; freed from stones; walled with stones.

Stone-Dead

STO'NE-DEAD, adjective [stone and dead.] As lifeless as a stone.

Stone-Fern

STO'NE-FERN, noun [stone and fern.] A plant.

Ainsworth.

Stone-Fly

STO'NE-FLY, noun [stone and fly.] An insect.

Ainsworth.

Stone-Fruit

STO'NE-FRUIT, noun [stone and fruit.] Fruit whose seeds are covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp, as peaches, cherries, plums, &c.; a drupe.

Boyle.

Stone-Hawk

STO'NE-HAWK, noun [stone and hawk.] A kind of hawk.

Ainsworth.

Stone-Hearted

STO'NE-HE`ARTED, or STO'NY-HE`ARTED, adjective [stone and heart.] Hard hearted; cruel; pitiless; unfeeling.

Shak.

Stone-Horse

STO'NE-HORSE, noun [stone and horse.] A horse not castrated.

Mortimer.

Stone-House

STO'NE-HOUSE, noun [stone and house.] A house built of stone.

Stone-Parsley

STO'NE-P`ARSLEY, noun A plant of the genus Bubon.

Fam. of Plants.

Stone-Pit

STO'NE-PIT, noun [stone and pit.] A pit or quarry where stones are dug.

Woodward.

Stone-Pitch

STO'NE-PITCH, noun [stone and pitch.] Hard inspissated pitch.

Bacon.

Stone-Plover

STO'NE-PLOVER, noun [stone and plover.] A bird.

Ainsworth.

Stoner

STO'NER, noun One who beats or kills with stones; one who walls with stones.

Stones-Cast

STO'NE'S-CAST, or STO'NE'S-THROW, noun [stone and cast or throw.] The distance which a stone may be thrown by the hand.

Stones-Mickle

STO'NE'S-MICKLE, noun A bird.

Ainsworth.

Stone-Squarer

STO'NE-SQUARER, noun [stone and square.]

One who forms stones into squares. 1 Kings 5.

Stone-Still

STO'NE-STILL, adjective [stone and still.] Still as a stone; perfectly still or motionless.

Stone-Wall

STO'NE-WALL, noun [stone and wall.] A wall built of stones.

Stone-Ware

STO'NE-WARE, noun [stone and ware.] A species of potter's ware of a coarse kind, glazed and baked.

Stone-Work

STO'NE-WORK, noun [stone and work.] Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone.

Mortimer.

Stoniness

STO'NINESS, noun [from stony.] The quality of abounding with stones; as, the stoniness of ground renders it difficult to till.

2. Hardness of heart.

Hammond.

Stony

STO'NY, adjective [Dutch steenig; German steinig; Swedish steneg.]

1. Made of stone; as a stony tower.

Shak.

2. Consisting of stone; as a stony cave.

Milton.

3. Full of stones; abounding with stones; as stony ground.

4. Petrifying; as the stony dart of senseless cold.

Spenser.

5. Hard; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; as a stony heart.

Milton.

6. Insensible; obdurate; perverse; morally hard.

Stood

STOOD, pret. of stand.

Stook

STOOK, noun [Welsh ystwc, a shock of grain.]

A small collection of sheaves set up in the field. [Local.]

Stook

STOOK, verb transitive To set up sheaves of grain in stooks. [Local.]

Stool

STOOL, noun [Saxon stol, Gothic stols, a seat, a throne; German stuhl, a stool, a stock, a pew, a chair, the see of bishop; Dutch Danish stoel, id.; Swedish stol; Welsh ystal. This coincides with stall and still. A stool is that which is set, or a seat; Russian prestol, a throne.]

1. a seat without a back; a little form consisting of a board with three or four legs, intended as a seat for one person.

Watts.

2. The seat used in evacuating the contents of the bowels; hence, an evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.

3. [Latin stolo.] A sucker; a shoot from the bottom of the stem or the root of a plant.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Stool of repentance, in Scotland, an elevated seat in the church, on which persons sit as a punishment for fornication and adultery.

Johnson.

Stool

STOOL, v.i. In agriculture, to ramify; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers.

Stool-Ball

STOOL'-BALL, noun [stool and ball.] A play in which balls are driven from stool to stool.

Prior.

Stoom

STOOM, verb transitive To put bags of herbs or other ingredients into wine, to prevent fermentation. [Local.]

Chambers.

Stoop

STOOP, verb intransitive [Saxon stupian; Dutch stuipen.]

1. To bend the body downward and forward; as, to stoop to pick up a book.

2. To bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking. We often see men stoop in standing or walking, either from habit or from age.

3. To yield; to submit; to bend by compulsion; as, Carthage at length stooped to Rome.

Dryden.

4. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. In modern days, attention to agriculture is not called stooping in men of property.

Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly.

Bacon.

5. To yield; to be inferior.

These are arts, my prince,

In which our Zama does not stoop to Rome.

Addison.

6. To come down on prey, as a hawk.

The bird of Jove stoop'd from his airy tour,

Two birds of gayest plume before him drove.

Milton.

7. To alight from the wing.

And stoop with closing pinions from above.

Dryden.

8. To sink to a lower place.

Cowering low

With blandishments, each bird stoop'd on his wing.

Milton.

Stoop

STOOP, verb transitive To cause to incline downward; to sink; as, to stoop a cask of liquor.

2. To cause to submit. [Little used.]

Stoop

STOOP, noun The act of bending the body forward; inclination forward.

2. Descent from dignity or superiority; condescension.

Can any loyal subject see

With patience such a stoop from sovereignty?

Dryden.

3. Fall of a bird on his prey.

4. In America, a kind of shed, generally open, but attached to a house; also, an open place for seats at a door.

Stoop

STOOP, noun [Saxon stoppa; Dutch stoop, a measure of about two quarts; Swedish stop, a measure of about three pints.]

1. A vessel of liquor; as a stoop of wine or ale.

Denham. King.

2. A post fixed in the earth. [Local.]

Stooped

STOOP'ED, participle passive Caused to lean.

Stooper

STOOP'ER, noun One that bends the body forward.

Sherwood.

Stooping

STOOP'ING, participle of the present tense Bending the body forward; yielding; submitting; condescending; inclining.

Stoopingly

STOOP'INGLY, adverb With a bending of the body forward.

Stoor

STOOR, verb intransitive To rise in clouds, as dust or smoke; from the Welsh ystwr, a stir. [Local.]

Stooter

STOOT'ER, noun A small silver coin in Holland, value 2 1/2 stivers.

Encyc.

Stop

STOP, verb transitive [Dutch stoppen; German stopfen, to stop, to check, to pose, to fill, to cram, to stuff, to quilt, to darn, to mend; Danish stopper, to stop, to puzzle, to darn, to cram, to stuff; Swedish stoppa, to stop, to stuff; Italian stoppare, to stop with tow; stoppa, tow, Latin stupa; Spanish estopa, tow; estofa, quilted stuff; estofar, to quilt, to stew meat with wine, spice or vinegar; Portugese estofa, stuff; estofar, to quilt, to stuff; French etoupe, tow; etouper, to stop with tow; etouffer, to choke, to stifle, [See Stifle;] Latin stupa, tow; stipo, to stuff, to crowd, and stupeo, to be stupefied, whence stupid, stupor, [that is, to stop, or a stop;] Irish stopam, to stop, to shut. The primary sense is either to cease to move, or to stuff, to press, to thrust in, to cram; probably the latter.]

1. To close, as an aperture, by filling or by obstructing; as, to stop a vent; to stop the ears; to stop wells of water. 2 Kings 3.

2. To obstruct; to render impassable; as, to stop a way, road or passage.

3. To hinder; to impede; to arrest progress; as, to stop a passenger in the road; to stop the course of a stream.

4. To restrain; to hinder; to suspend; as, to stop the execution of a decree.

5. To repress; to suppress; to restrain; as, to stop the progress of vice.

6. To hinder; to check; as, to stop the approaches of old age or infirmity.

7. To hinder from action or practice.

Whose disposition, all the world well knows,

Will not be rubb'd nor stopp'd.

Shak.

8. To put an end to any motion or action; to intercept; as, to stop the breath; to stop proceedings.

9. To regulate the sounds of musical strings; as, to stop a string.

Bacon.

10. In seamanship, to make fast.

11. To point; as a written composition. [Not in use.]

Stop

STOP, verb intransitive To cease to go forward.

Some strange commotion

Is in his brain; he bites his lip, and starts;

Stops on a sudden, looks upon the groundÃ‚--

Shak.

2. To cease from any motion or course of action. When you are accustomed to a course of vice, it is very difficult to stop.

The best time to stop is at the beginning.

Lesley.

Stop

STOP, noun Cessation of progressive motion; as, to make a stop.

L'Estrange.

2. Hinderance of progress; obstruction; act of stopping.

Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophyÃ‚--

Newton.

3. Repression; hinderance of operation or action.

It is a great step towards the mastery of our desires, to give this stop to them.

Locke.

4. Interruption.

These stops of thine fright me the more.

Shak.

5. Prohibition of sale; as the stop of wine and salt.

Temple.

6. That which obstructs; obstacle; impediment.

A fatal stop travers'd their headlong course.

Daniel.

So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.

Rogers.

7. The instrument by which the sounds of wind music are regulated; as the stops of a flute or an organ.

8. Regulation of musical chords by the fingers.

In the stops of lutes, the higher they go, the less distance is between the frets.

Bacon.

9. The act of applying the stops in music.

Th' organ-sound a time survives the stop.

Daniel.

10. A point or mark in writing, intended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence or clauses, and to show the proper pauses in reading. The stops generally used, are the comma, semi-colon, colon and period. To these may be added the marks of interrogation and exclamation.

Stop-Cock

STOP'-COCK, noun [stop and cock.] A pipe for letting out a fluid, stopped by a turning cock.

Grew.

Stop-Gap

STOP'-GAP, noun [stop and gap.] A temporary expedient. [Not used.]

Stopless

STOP'LESS, adjective Not to be stopped. [Not in use.]

Davenant.

Stoppage

STOP'PAGE, noun The act of stopping or arresting progress or motion; or the state of being stopped; as the stoppage of the circulation of the blood; the stoppage of commerce.

Stopped

STOP'PED, participle passive Closed; obstructed; hindered from proceeding; impeded; intercepted.

Stopper

STOP'PER, noun One who stops, closes, shuts or hinders; that which stops or obstructs; that which closes or fills a vent or hole in a vessel.

2. In seamen's language, a short piece of rope used for making something fast, as the anchor or cables. Stoppers are also used to prevent the running rigging from coming up, whilst the men are belaying it.

Stopper

STOP'PER, verb transitive To close with a stopper.

Stoppered

STOP'PERED, participle passive Closed with a stopper; as a stoppered retort.

Henry.

Stopping

STOP'PING, participle of the present tense Closing; shutting; obstructing; hindering from proceeding; ceasing to go or move; putting an end to; regulating the sounds of.

Stopple

STOP'PLE, noun [Swedish stopp.] That which stops or closes the mouth of a vessel; as a glass stopple; a cork stopple.

Storage

STO'RAGE, noun [from store.] The act of depositing in a store or warehouse for safe keeping; or the safe keeping of goods in a warehouse.

2. The price charged or paid for keeping goods in a store.

Storax

STO'RAX, noun [Latin styrax.] A plant or tree; also, a resinous and odoriferous drug brought from Turkey, but generally adulterated. It imparts to water a yellow color, and has been deemed a resolvent.

Cyc.

Storax is a solid balsam, either in red tears, or in large cakes, brittle, but soft to the touch, and of a reddish brown color. It is obtained from the Styrax officinalis, a tree which grows in the Levant. Liquid storax, or styrax, is a liquid or semifluid balsam, said to be obtained from the Liquidamber styraciflua, a tree which grows in Virginia. It is greenish, of an aromatic taste, and agreeable smell.

Thomson.

Store

STORE, noun [Welsh ystor, that forms a bulk, a store; Saxon Danish stor; Swedish id. great, ample, spacious, main; Irish stor, storas; Hebrew Chaldee Ethiopic Arabic atsar. Class Sr. No. 39.]

1. A large number; as a store of years. Obs.

Dryden.

2. A large quantity; great plenty; abundance; as a store of wheat or provisions.

Bacon.

3. A stock provided; a large quantity for supply; ample abundance. The troops have great stores of provisions and ammunition. The ships have stores for a long voyage. [This the present usual acceptation of the word, and in this sense the plural, stores, is commonly used. When applied to a single article of supply, it is still sometimes used in the singular; as a good store of wine or of bread.]

4. Quantity accumulated; fund; abundance; as stores of knowledge.

5. A storehouse; a magazine; a warehouse. Nothing can be more convenient than the stores on Central wharf in Boston.

Milton.

6. In the United States, shops for the sale of goods of any kind, by wholesale or retail, are often called stores.

In store, in a state of accumulation, in a literal sense; hence, in a state of preparation for supply; in a state of readiness. Happiness is laid up in store for the righteous; misery is in store for the wicked.

Store

STORE, adjective Hoarded; laid up; as store treasure. [Not in use.]

Store

STORE, verb transitive To furnish; to supply; to replenish.

Wise Plato said the world with men was stor'd.

Denham.

Her mind with thousand virtues stor'd.

Prior.

2. To stock against a future time; as a garrison well stored with provisions.

One having stored a pond of four acres with carp, tench and other fishÃ‚--

Hale.

3. To reposit in a store or warehouse for preservation; to warehouse; as, to store goods.

Bacon.

Stored

STO'RED, participle passive Furnished; supplied.

2. Laid up in store; warehoused.

Store-House

STO'RE-HOUSE, noun [store and house.] A building for keeping grain or goods of any kind; a magazine; a repository; a warehouse.

Joseph opened all the store-houses and sold to the Egyptians. Genesis 41.

2. A repository.

The Scripture of God is a store-house abounding with inestimable treasures of wisdom and knowledge.

Hooker.

3. A great mass reposited. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Store-Keeper

STO'RE-KEEPER, noun [store and keeper.]

A man who has the care of a store.

Storer

STO'RER, noun One who lays up or forms a store.

Storial

STO'RIAL, adjective [from story.] Historical. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Storied

STO'RIED, adjective [from story.] Furnished with stories; adorned with historical paintings.

Some greedy minion or imperious wife,

The trophied arches, storied halls, invade.

Pope.

2. Related in story; told or recited in history.

Storier

STO'RIER, noun A relater of stories; a historian. [Not in use.]

Storify

STO'RIFY, verb transitive To form or tell stories. [Not in use.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Stork

STORK, noun [Saxon storc; Danish Swedish stork.]

A large fowl of the genus Ardea or Heron kind.

Storks-Bill

STORK'S-BILL, noun A plant of the genus Geranium.

Storm

STORM, noun [Saxon Dutch Danish Swedish storm; German sturm; Welsh ystorm; Dutch stooren, to disturb; Welsh ystwriaw, to stir. In Italian, stormo is a fight, combat, a band or troop; stormire, to make a noise; stormeggiare, to throng together, to ring the alarm bell. The Italian seems to be from Latin turma. The primary sense of storm is a rushing, raging or violent agitation.]

1. A violent wind; a tempest. Thus a storm of wind, is correct language, as the proper sense of the word is rushing, violence. It has primarily no reference to a fall of rain or snow. But as a violent wind is often attended with rain or snow, the word storm has come to be used, most improperly, for a fall of rain or snow without wind.

O beat those storms, and roll the seas in vain.

Pope.

2. A violent assault on a fortified place; a furious attempt of troops to enter and take a fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates and the like.

Dryden.

3. Violent civil or political commotion; sedition; insurrection; also, clamor; tumult; disturbance of the public peace.

I will stir up in England some black storms.

Shak.

Her sister

Began to scold and raise up such a stormÃ‚--

Shak.

4. Affliction; calamity; distress; adversity.

A brave man struggling in the storms of fate.

Pope.

5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force.

Hooker.

Storm

STORM, verb transitive To assault; to attack and attempt to take by scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches and the like; as, to storm a fortified town.

Storm

STORM, verb intransitive To raise a tempest.

Spenser.

2. To blow with violence; impersonally; as, it storms.

3. To rage; to be in a violent agitation of passion; to fume. The master storms.

Storm-Beat

STORM-BEAT, adjective [storm and beat.] Beaten or impaired by storms.

Spenser.

Stormed

STORM'ED, participle passive Assaulted by violence.

Storminess

STORM'INESS, noun Tempestuousness; the state of being agitated by violent winds.

Storming

STORM'ING, participle of the present tense Attacking with violent force; raging.

Stormy

STORM'Y, adjective Tempestuous; agitated with furious winds; boisterous; as a stormy season; a stormy day or week.

2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fury; as a stormy sound; stormy shocks.

Addison.

3. Violent; passionate. [Unusual.]

Story

STO'RY, noun [Saxon stoer, ster; Italian storia; Latin historia; Greek.]

1. A verbal narration or recital of a series of facts or incidents. We observe in children a strong passion for hearing stories.

2. A written narrative of a series of facts or events. There is probably on record no story more interesting than that of Joseph in Genesis.

3. History; a written narrative or account of past transactions, whether relating to nations or individuals.

The four great monarchies make the subject of ancient story.

Temple.

4. Petty tale; relation of a single incident or of trifling incidents.

Addison.

5. A trifling tale; a fiction; a fable; as the story of a fairy. In popular usage, story is sometimes a softer term for a lie.

6. A loft; a floor; or a set of rooms on the same floor or level. A story comprehends the distance from one floor to another; as a story of nine or ten feet elevation. Hence each floor terminating the space is called a story; as a house of one story, of two stories, of five stories. The farm houses in New England have usually two stories; the houses in Paris have usually five stories; a few have more; those in London four. But in the United States the floor next the ground is the first story; in France and England, the first floor or story, is the second from the ground.

Story

STO'RY, verb transitive To tell in historical relation; to narrate.

How worthy he is, I will leave to appear hereafter, rather than story him in his own hearing.

Shak.

It is storied of the brazen colossus in Rhodes, that it was seventy cubits high.

Wilkins.

[This verb is chiefly used in the passive participle.]

2. To range one under another. [Little used.]

Bentley.

Story-Teller

STO'RY-TELLER, noun [story and tell.] One who tells stories; a narrator of a series of incidents; as an amusing story-teller.

2. A historian; in contempt.

Swift.

3. One who tells fictitious stories.

Stot

STOT, noun [Saxon stotte, a poor horse.] A horse. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

2. A young bullock or steer. [Not in use or local.]

Stote

STOTE. [See Stoat.]

Stound

STOUND, verb intransitive [Icelandic stunde.] To be in pain or sorrow. [Not in use.]

2. Stunned. [Not in use. See Astound.]

Stound

STOUND, noun Sorrow; grief. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. A shooting pain. [Not in use.]

Ib.

3. Noise. [Not in use.]

Ib.

4. Astonishment; amazement. [Not in use.]

Gay.

5. Hour; time; season. [Danish stund.] [Not in use.]

Ib.

6. A vessel to put small beer in. [Local.]

Stour

STOUR, noun [Saxon styrian, to stir.] A battle or tumult. Obs.

Spenser.

Stour, signifies a river, as in Sturbridge.

Stout

STOUT, adjective [Dutch stout, bold, stout; stooten, to push; Danish stÃƒ-¶der, to push; studser, to strut. The primary sense is to shoot forward or to swell.]

1. Strong; lusty.

A stouter champion never handled sword.

Shak.

2. Bold; intrepid; valiant; brave.

He lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous man.

Clarendon.

3. Large; bulky. [A popular use of the word.]

4. Proud; resolute; obstinate.

The lords all stand to clear their cause, Most resolutely stout.

Daniel.

5. Strong; firm; as a stout vessel.

Dryden.

Stout

STOUT, noun A cant name for strong beer.

Swift.

Stoutly

STOUT'LY, adverb Lustily; boldly; obstinately. He stoutly defended himself.

Stoutness

STOUT'NESS, noun Strength; bulk.

2. Boldness; fortitude.

Ascham.

3. Obstinacy; stubbornness.

Shak.

Stove

STOVE, noun [Saxon stofa; Swedish stufva; Dutch stoof; Italian stufa; Spanish estufa, a warm close room, a bath, a room where pitch and tar are heated; estofar, to stew meat, and to quilt; French etuve; German badstube, a bagnio or hot house; stube, a room; stuben-ofen, a stove; Danish stover, to stew; stue, a room; stue-ovn, a stove. This primarily is merely a room, a place. See Stow.]

1. A hot house; a house or room artificially warmed.

Bacon. Woodward.

2. A small box with an iron pan, used for holding coals to warm the feet. It is a bad practice for young persons to accustom themselves to sit with a warm stove under the feet.

3. An iron box, cylinder or fire-place, in which fire is made to warm an apartment. Stoves for this purpose are of various forms.

4. An iron box, with various apartments in it for cooking; a culinary utensil of various forms.

Stove

STOVE, verb transitive To keep warm in a house or room by artificial heat; as, to stove orange trees and myrtles.

Bacon.

Stove

STOVE, pret. of stave.

Stover

STOV'ER, noun [a contraction of estover.] Fodder for cattle; primarily, fodder from threshed grain; but in New England, any kind of fodder from the barn or stack.

Stuow

STUOW, verb transitive [Saxon stow, a place, a fixed place or mansion; German stauen, Dutch stuwen, Danish stuver, to stow, to place; Spanish Portugese estivar, id., coinciding with Latin stiva, to crowd, to stuff; Spanish estiva, a rammer; Latin stiva, the handle of a plow. The sense is to set or throw down, from the more general sense of throwing, driving.]

1. To place; to put in a suitable place or position; as, to stow bags, bales or casks in a ship's hold; to stow hay in a mow; to stow sheaves. The word has reference to the placing of many things, or of one thing among many, or of a mass of things.

2. To lay up; to reposit.

Stow in names, signifies place, as in Barstow.

Stowage

STOWAGE, noun The act or operation of placing in a suitable position; or the suitable disposition of several things together. The stowage of a ship's cargo to advantage requires no little skill. It is of great consequence to make good stowage. [This is the principal use of the word.]

2. Room for the reception of things to be reposited.

In every vessel there is stowage for immense treasures.

Addison.

3. The state of being laid up. I am curious to have the plate and jewels in safe stowage.

4. Money paid for stowing goods. [Little used.]

Stowed

STOWED, participle passive Placed in due position or order; reposited.

Stowing

STOWING, participle of the present tense Placing in due position; disposing in good order.

Strabism

STRA'BISM, noun [Latin strabismus, from straba, strabo, a squint-eyed person.]

A squinting; the act or habit of looking asquint.

Straddle

STRAD'DLE, verb intransitive [from the root of stride; Saxon stredan, to scatter.]

To part the legs wide; to stand or walk with the legs far apart.

Straddle

STRAD'DLE, verb transitive To place one leg on one side and the other on the other of any thing; as, to straddle a fence or a horse.

Straddling

STRAD'DLING, participle of the present tense Standing or walking with the legs far apart; placing one leg on one side and the other on the other.

Straggle

STRAGGLE, v. i. strag'l. [This word seems to be formed on the root of stray. In Saxon stroegan is to strew, to spread; Dutch strekken, to stretch; German streichen, to pass, to migrate; Welsh treiglaw, to turn, revolve, wander.]

1. To wander from the direct course or way; to rove. When troops are on the march, let not the men straggle.

2. To wander at large without any certain direction or object; to ramble.

The wolf spied a straggling kid.

L'Estrange.

3. To exuberate; to shoot too far in growth. Prune the straggling branches of the hedge.

Mortimer.

4. To be dispersed; to be apart from any main body.

They came between Scylla and Charybdis and the straggling rocks.

Raleigh.

Straggler

STRAG'GLER, noun A wanderer; a rover; one that departs from the direct or proper course; one that rambles without any settled direction.

Swift.

2. A vagabond; a wandering shiftless fellow.

3. Something that shoots beyond the rest or too far.

4. Something that stands by itself.

Straggling

STRAG'GLING, participle of the present tense Wandering; roving; rambling; being in a separate position.

Strahlstein

STR`AHLSTEIN, noun [German strahl, a beam of gleam, and stein, stone.] Another name of actinolite.

Ure.

Straight

STRAIGHT, a. strait. [Latin strictus, from stringo; Saxon strac; formed from the root of reach, stretch, right, Latin rectus, German

recht, French etroit, Italian stretto, in which the palatal letter is lost; but the Spanish retains it in estrecho, estrechar. It is lost in the Portugese estreito. It is customary to write straight, for direct or right, and strait, for narrow, but this is a practice wholly arbitrary, both being the same word. Strait we use in the sense in which it is used in the south of Europe. Both senses proceed from stretching, straining.]

1. Right, in a mathematical sense; direct; passing from one point to another by the nearest course; not deviating or crooked; as a straight line; a straight course; a straight piece of timber.

2. Narrow; close; tight; as a straight garment. [See Strait, as it is generally written.]

3. Upright; according with justice and rectitude; not deviating from truth or fairness.

Straight

STRAIGHT, adverb Immediately; directly; in the shortest time.

I know thy generous temper well;

Fling but th' appearance of dishonor on it,

It straight takes fire, and mounts into a blaze.

Addison.

Straighten

STRA'IGHTEN, v. t. stra'itn. To make straight; to reduce from a crooked to a straight form.

Hooker.

2. To make narrow, tense or close; to tighten.

3. To reduce to difficulties or distress.

Straightened

STRA'IGHTENED, participle passive Made straight; made narrow.

Straightener

STRA'IGHTENER, noun He or that which straightens.

Straightening

STRA'IGHTENING, participle of the present tense Making straight or narrow.

Straightly

STRA'IGHTLY, adverb In a right line; not crookedly.

2. Tightly; closely.

Straightness

STRA'IGHTNESS, noun The quality or state of being straight; rectitude.

Bacon.

2. Narrowness; tension; tightness.

Straightway

STRA'IGHTWAY, adverb [straight and way.] Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.

He took the damsel by the hand, and said to her, Talitha cumiÃ‚-- And straightway the damsel arose. Mark 5.

[Straightways is obsolete.]

Straiks

STRAIKS, noun Strong plates of iron on the circumference of a cannon wheel over the joints of the fellies.

Strain

STRAIN, verb transitive [French etreindre; Italian strignere; Spanish estreÃƒ-±; Latin stringo. This word retains its original signification, to stretch. Strain is the Latin stringo, as straight is strictus, in different dialects.]

1. To stretch; to draw with force; to extend with great effort; as, to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship; to strain the chords of an instrument.

2. To cause to draw with force, or with excess of exertion; to injure by pressing with too much effort. He strained his horses or his oxen by overloading them.

3. To stretch violently or by violent exertion; as, to strain the arm or the muscles.

4. To put to the utmost strength. Men in desperate cases will strain themselves for relief.

5. To press or cause to pass through some porous substance; to purify or separate from extraneous matter by filtration; to filter; as, to strain milk. Water may be strained through sand.

Bacon. Arbuthnot.

6. To sprain; to injure by drawing or stretching.

Prudes decay'd about may tack,

Strain their necks with looking back.

Swift.

7. To make tighter; to cause to bind closer.

To strain his fetters with a stricter care.

Dryden.

8. To force; to constrain; to make uneasy or unnatural.

His mirth is forced and strained.

Denham.

Strain

STRAIN, verb intransitive To make violent efforts.

To build his fortune I will strain a little.

Shak.

Straining with too weak a wing.

Pope.

2. To be filtered. Water straining through sand becomes pure.

Strain

STRAIN, noun A violent effort; a stretching or exertion of the limbs or muscles, or of any thing else.

2. An injury by excessive exertion, drawing or stretching.

Grew.

3. Style; continued manner of speaking or writing; as the genius and strain of the book of Proverbs.

Tillotson.

So we say, poetic strains, lofty strains.

4. Song; note; sound; or a particular part of a tune.

Their heavenly harps a lower strain began.

Dryden.

5. Turn; tendency; inborn disposition.

Because heretics have a strain of madness, he applied her with some corporal chastisements.

Hayward.

6. Manner of speech or action.

Such take too high a strain at first.

Bacon.

7. Race; generation; descent.

He is of a noble strain. [Not in use.]

Shak.

8. Hereditary disposition.

Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which propagated, spoil the strain of a nation. [Not in use.]

Tillotson.

9. Rank; character. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Strainable

STRA'INABLE, adjective Capable of being strained. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Strained

STRA'INED, participle passive Stretched; violently exerted; filtered.

Strainer

STRA'INER, noun That through which any liquid passes for purification; an instrument for filtration.

The lacteals of animal bodies are the strainers to separate the pure emulsion from its feces.

Arbuthnot.

[This doctrine is now questioned.]

Straining

STRA'INING, participle of the present tense Stretching; exerting with violence; making great efforts; filtering.

Straining

STRA'INING, noun The act of stretching; the act of filtering; filtration.

Straint

STRAINT, noun A violent stretching or tension. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Strait

STRAIT, adjective [See Straight.] Narrow; close; not broad.

Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way that leadeth to life, and few there be that find it. Matthew 7.

2. Close; intimate; as a strait degree of favor.

Sidney.

3. Strict; rigorous.

He now, forsooth, takes on him to reform

Some certain edicts, and some strait decrees.

Shak.

4. Difficult; distressful.

5. Straight; not crooked.

Strait

STRAIT, noun [See Straight.] A narrow pass or passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, between continents or other portions of land; as the straits of Gibraltar; the straits of Magellan; the straits of Dover. [In this sense, the plural is more generally used than the singular, and often without any apparent reason or propriety.]

2. Distress; difficulty; distressing necessity; formerly written streight. [Used either in the singular or plural.]

Let no man who owns a providence, become desperate under any calamity or strait whatsoever.

South.

Ulysses made use of the pretense of natural infirmity to conceal the straits he was in at that time in his thoughts.

Broome.

Strait

STRAIT, verb transitive To put to difficulties. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Straiten

STRA'ITEN, v. t. stra'itn. To make narrow.

In narrow circuit, straiten'd by a foe.

Milton.

2. To contract; to confine; as, to straiten the British commerce.

Addison.

3. To make tense or tight; as, to straiten a cord.

Dunciad.

4. To distress; to perplex; to press with poverty or other necessity; as, a man straitened in his circumstances.

5. To press by want of sufficient room.

Waters when straitened, as at the falls of bridges, give a roaring noise.

Bacon.

Strait-Handed

STRA'IT-HANDED, adjective [strait and hand.] Parsimonious; sparing; niggardly. [Not much used.]

Strait-Handedness

STRAIT-HAND'EDNESS, noun Niggardliness; parsimony.

Hall.

Strait-Laced

STRA'IT-LACED, adjective [strait and lace.]

1. Griped with stays.

We have few well-shaped that are strait-laced.

Locke.

2. Stiff; constrained. Hence,

3. Rigid in opinion; strict.

Straitly

STRA'ITLY, adverb Narrowly; closely.

2. Strictly; rigorously. [For this, strictly is now used.]

3. Closely; intimately.

Straitness

STRA'ITNESS, noun Narrowness; as the straitness of a place; straitness of mind; straitness of circumstances.

Bacon.

2. Strictness; rigor; as the straitness of a man's proceedings.

Shak.

3. Distress; difficulty; pressure from necessity of any kind, particularly from poverty.

4. Want; scarcity; or rather narrowness; as the straitness of the conveniences of life.

Locke.

Strait-Waistcoat

STRA'IT-WAISTCOAT, or STRA'IT-JACKET, noun An apparatus to confine the limbs of a distracted person.

Strake

STRAKE, pret. of strike. Obs. [See Strike.]

Strake

STRAKE, noun [Spanish traca.] A streak. [Not used unless in reference to the range of planks in a ship's side. See Streak.]

2. A narrow board. [Not used.]

3. The iron band of a wheel. [In the United States, this is called a band, or the tire of a wheel.]

Stram

STRAM, verb intransitive [Danish strammer, to stretch, to spread.] To spread out the limbs; to sprawl. [Local and vulgar.]

Stramash

STRAM'ASH, verb transitive [Italian stramazzare.] To strike, beat or bang; to break; to destroy. [Local and vulgar.]

Grose.

Stramineous

STRAMIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin stramineus, from stramen, straw.]

1. Strawy; consisting of straw.

Robinson.

2. Chaffy; like straw; light.

Burton.

Strand

STRAND, noun [Saxon German, Dutch Danish Swedish strand.]

1. The shore or beach of the sea or ocean, or of a large lake, and perhaps of a navigable river. It is never used of the bank of a small river or pond. The Dutch on the Hudson apply it to a landing place; as the strand at Kingston.

2. One of the twists or parts of which a rope is composed. [Russian struna, a cord or string.]

Mar. Dict.

Strand

STRAND, verb transitive To drive or run aground on the sea shore, as a ship.

2. To break one of the strands of a rope.

Mar. Dict.

Strand

STRAND, verb intransitive To drift or be driven on shore; to run aground; as, a ship strands at high water.

Stranded

STRAND'ED, participle passive Run ashore.

2. Having a strand broken.

Stranding

STRAND'ING, participle of the present tense Running ashore; breaking a strand.

Strange

STRANGE, adjective [French etrange; Italian strano, strange, foreign, pale, wan, rude, unpolite; stranare, to alienate, to remove, to abuse; straniare, to separate; Spanish extraÃƒ-±o, foreign, extraneous, rare, wild; Latin extraneus; Welsh estronaiz, strange; estrawn, a stranger. The primary sense of the root tran, is to depart, to proceed; Welsh trawn, over; traw, an advance or distance.]

1. Foreign; belonging to another country.

I do not contemn the knowledge of strange and divers tongues. [This sense is nearly obsolete.]

Ascham.

2. Not domestic; belonging to others.

So she impatient her own faults to see, Turns from herself, and in strange things delights. [Nearly obsolete.]

Davies.

3. New; not before known, heard or seen. The former custom was familiar; the latter was new and strange to them. Hence,

4. Wonderful; causing surprise; exciting curiosity. It is strange that men will not receive improvement, when it is shown to be improvement.

Sated at length, ere long I might perceive

Strange alteration in me.

Milton.

5. Odd; unusual; irregular; not according to the common way.

He's strange and peevish.

Shak.

6. Remote. [Little used.]

Shak.

7. Uncommon; unusual.

This made David to admire the law of God at that strange rate.

Tillotson.

8. Unacquainted.

They were now at a gage, looking strange at one another.

Bacon.

9. Strange is sometimes uttered by way of exclamation.

Strange! what extremes should thus preserve the snow,

High on the Alps, or in deep caves below.

Waller.

This is an elliptical expression for it is strange.

Strange

STRANGE, verb transitive To alienate; to estrange. [Not in use.]

Strang

STRANG, verb intransitive To wonder; to be astonished. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

2. To be estranged or alienated. [Not in use.]

Strangely

STRANGELY, adverb With some relation to foreigners. Obs.

Shak.

2. Wonderfully; in a manner or degree to excite surprise or wonder.

How strangely active are the arts of peace.

Dryden.

It would strangely delight you to see with what spirit he converses.

Law.

Strangeness

STRANGENESS, noun Foreignness; the state of belonging to another country.

If I will obey the gospel, no distance of place, no strangeness of country can make any man a stranger to me.

Sprat.

2. Distance in behavior; reserve; coldness; forbidding manner.

Will you not observe The strangeness of his alter'd countenance?

Shak.

3. Remoteness from common manners or notions; uncouthness.

Men worthier than himself Here tend the savage strangeness he puts on.

Shak.

4. Alienation of mind; estrangement; mutual dislike.

This might seem a means to continue a strangeness between the two nations.

Bacon.

[This sense is obsolete or little used.]

5. Wonderfulness; the power of exciting surprise and wonder; uncommonness that raises wonder by novelty.

This raised greater tumults in the hearts of men than the strangeness and seeming unreasonableness of all the former articles.

South.

Stranger

STRANGER, noun [French etranger.] A foreigner; one who belongs to another country. Paris and London are visited by strangers from all the countries of Europe.

2. One of another town, city, state or province in the same country. The commencements in American colleges are frequented by multitudes of strangers from the neighboring towns and states.

3. One unknown. The gentleman is a stranger to me.

4. One unacquainted.

My child is yet a stranger to the world.

Shak.

I was no stranger to the original.

Dryden.

5. A guest; a visitor.

Milton.

6. One not admitted to any communication or fellowship.

Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear,

And strangers to the sun yet ripen here.

Granville.

7. In law, one not privy or party to an act.

Stranger

STRANGER, verb transitive To estrange; to alienate. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Strangle

STRAN'GLE, verb transitive [French etrangler; Italian strangolare; Latin strangulo.]

1. To choke; to suffocate; to destroy life by stopping respiration.

Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress to strangle herself.

Ayliffe.

2. To suppress; to hinder from birth or appearance.

Strangled

STRAN'GLED, participle passive Choked; suffocated; suppressed.

Strangler

STRAN'GLER, noun One who strangles.

Strangles

STRAN'GLES, noun Swellings in a horse's throat.

Strangling

STRAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Choking; suffocating; suppressing.

Strangling

STRAN'GLING, noun The act of destroying life by stopping respiration.

Strangulated

STRAN'GULATED, adjective Compressed. A hernia or rupture is said to be strangulated, when it is so compressed as to cause dangerous symptoms.

Cyc.

Strangulation

STRANGULA'TION, noun [French from Latin strangulatio.]

1. The act of strangling; the act of destroying life by stopping respiration; suffocation.

Wiseman.

2. That kind of suffocation which is common to women in hysterics; also, the straitening or compression of the intestines in hernia.

Cyc.

Strangury

STRAN'GURY, noun [Latin stranguria; Greek, a drop, and, urine.]

Literally, a discharge of urine by drops; a difficulty of discharging urine, attended with pain.

Strap

STRAP, noun [Dutch strop, a rope or halter; Danish Swedish strop; Saxon stropp; Latin strupus. Strap and strop appear to be from stripping, and perhaps stripe also; all having resemblance to a strip of bark peeled from a tree.]

1. A long narrow slip of cloth or lether, of various forms and for various uses; as the strap of a shoe or boot; straps for fastening trunks or other baggage, for stretching limbs in surgery, &c.

2. In botany, the flat part of the corollet in ligulate florets; also, an appendage to the leaf in some grasses.

Martyn.

Strap

STRAP, verb transitive To beat or chastise with a strap.

2. To fasten or bind with a strap.

3. To rub on a strap for sharpening, as a razor.

Strappado

STRAPPA'DO, noun [Italian strappata, a pull, strappado; strappare, to pull.]

A military punishment formerly practiced. It consisted in drawing an offender to the top of a beam and letting him fall, by which means a limb was sometimes dislocated.

Shak.

Strappado

STRAPPA'DO, verb transitive To torture.

Milton.

Strapping

STRAP'PING, participle of the present tense Drawing on a strap, as a razor.

2. Binding with a strap.

3. adjective Tall; lusty; as a strapping fellow.

Strap-Shaped

STRAP'-SHAPED, adjective In botany, ligulate.

Strata

STRA'TA, noun plu. [See Stratum.] Beds; layers; as strata of sand, clay or coal.

Stratagem

STRAT'AGEM, noun [Latin stratagema; French stratageme; Italian stratagemma; Greek, from, to lead an army.]

1. An artifice, particularly in war; a plan or scheme for deceiving an enemy.

Shak.

2. Any artifice; a trick by which some advantage is intended to be obtained.

Those oft are stratagems which errors seem.

Pope.

Stratege

STRA'TEGE, or STRAT'EGUS, noun [Greek.] An Athenian general officer.

Mitford.

Strath

STRATH, noun [Welsh ystrad.] A vale, bottom or low ground between hills. [Not in use.]

Stratification

STRATIFICA'TION, noun [from stratify.] The process by which substances in the earth have been formed into strata or layers.

2. The state of being formed into layers in the earth.

3. The act of laying in strata.

Stratified

STRA'TIFIED, participle passive Formed into a layer, as a terrene substance.

Stratify

STRA'TIFY, verb transitive [French stratifier, from Latin stratum.]

1. To form into a layer, as substances in the earth. Thus clay, sand and other species of earth are often found stratified.

2. To lay in strata.

Stratifying

STRA'TIFYING, participle of the present tense Arranging in a layer, as terrene substances.

Stratocracy

STRATOC'RACY, noun [Greek, an army, and, to hold.]

A military government; government by military chiefs and an army.

Guthrie.

Stratography

STRATOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, an army, and, and, to describe.]

Description of armies, or what belongs to an army. [Not in use.]

Stratum

STRA'TUM, noun plu. stratums or strata. The latter is most common. [Latinfrom sterno, to spread or lay; Saxon streone.]

1. In geology and mineralogy, a layer; any species of earth, sand, coal and the like, arranged in a flat form, distinct from the adjacent matter. The thicker strata are called beds; and these beds are sometimes stratified.

2. A bed or layer artificially made.

Straught

STRAUGHT, participle passive for stretched. Obs.

Chaucer.

Straw

STRAW, noun [Saxon streow, straw, and a stratum or bed; German stroh; Dutch stroo; Danish straae; Swedish strÃƒ-¥; Latin stramentum, from sterno, stravi, stratum. See Strew.]

1. The stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, &c. chiefly of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat and peas. When used of single stalks, it admits of a plural, straws. Straws may show which way the wind blows. We say of grain while growing, the straw is large, or it is rusty.

2. A mass of the stalks of certain species of grain when cut, and after being thrashed; as a bundle or a load of straw. In this sense, the word admits not the plural number.

3. Any thing proverbially worthless. I care not a straw for the play. I will not abate a straw.

Hudibras.

Straw

STRAW, verb transitive To spread or scatter. [See Strew and Strow.]

Strawberry

STRAW'BERRY, noun [straw and berry; Saxon straw-berie.]

A plant and its fruit, of the genus Fragaria. Strawberries are of various kinds, all delicious fruit.

Strawberry-Tree

STRAW'BERRY-TREE, noun An evergreen tree of the genus Arbutus; the fruit is of a fleshy substance, like a strawberry.

Lee. Miller.

Straw-Built

STRAW'-BUILT, adjective [straw and built.]

Constructed of straw; as the suburbs of a straw-built citadel.

Milton.

Straw-Color

STRAW'-COLOR, noun The color of dry straw; a beautiful yellowish color.

Straw-Colored

STRAW'-COLORED, adjective Of a light yellow, the color of dry straw.

Straw-Cutter

STRAW'-CUTTER, noun An instrument to cut straw for fodder.

Straw-Drain

STRAW'-DRAIN, noun A drain filled with straw.

Straw-Stuffed

STRAW'-STUFFED, adjective Stuffed with straw.

Hall.

Straw-Worm

STRAW'-WORM, noun [straw and worm.] A worm bred in straw.

Strawy

STRAW'Y, adjective Made of straw; consisting of straw.

Boyle.

2. Like straw; light.

Stray

STRAY, verb intransitive [The elements of this word are not certainly known. If they are Strg, the word coincides with Saxon stroegan, stregan, to scatter, to spread, the Latin stravi, to strow, strew or straw, also with German streichen, to wander, to strike; both probably from the root of reach, stretch. Possibly stray is from the Italian straviare, from Latin extra and via. I am inclined however to refer it to a Teutonic origin. See Straggle.]

1. To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate or go out of the way. We say, to stray from the path or road into the forest or wood.

2. To wander from company, or from the proper limits; as, a sheep strays from the flock; a horse strays from an inclosure.

3. To rove; to wander from the path of duty or rectitude; to err; to deviate.

We have erred and strayedÃ‚--

Com. Prayer.

4. To wander; to rove at large; to play free and unconfined.

Lo, the glad gales o'er all her beauties stray,

Breathe on her lips and in her bosom play.

Pope.

5. To wander; to run a serpentine course.

Where Thames among the wanton valley strays.

Denham.

Stray

STRAY, verb transitive To mislead. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Stray

STRAY, noun Any domestic animal that has left an inclosure or its proper place and company, and wanders at large or is lost. The laws provide that strays shall be taken up, impounded and advertised.

Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a stray.

Dryden.

2. The act of wandering. [Little used.]

Shak.

Strayer

STRA'YER, noun A wanderer. [Little used.]

Straying

STRA'YING, participle of the present tense Wandering; roving; departing from the direct course, from the proper inclosure, or from the path of duty.

Streak

STREAK, noun [Saxon strica, a line, direction, course; strican, to go; stric, a stroke, a plague, and strec, a stretch; German streich, a stroke or stripe, and strich, id.; Dutch streek, a course; Danish streg, a stroke or line; strikke, a cord; strÃƒ-¶g, a stroke, a tract, a row; Swedish strÃƒ-¥k; Irish strioc. These have all the same elements, and the Latin stria, is probably a contraction of the same word; Spanish traca, without a prefix.]

1. A line or long mark, of a different color from the ground; a stripe.

What mean those color'd streaks in heaven?

Milton.

2. In a ship, a uniform range of planks on the side or bottom; sometimes pronounced strake.

Mar. Dict.

Streak

STREAK, verb transitive To form streaks or stripes in; to stripe; to variegate with lines of a different color or of different colors.

A mule admirably streaked and dappled with white and blackÃ‚--

Sandys.

Now streak'd and glowing with the morning red.

Prior.

2. To stretch. [Not elegant.]

Chapman.

Streak

STREAK, verb intransitive To run swiftly. [Vulgar in New England.]

Streaked

STRE'AKED, participle passive Marked or variegated with stripes of a different color.

Streaking

STRE'AKING, participle of the present tense Making streaks in.

Streaky

STRE'AKY, adjective Having stripes; striped; variegated with lines of a different color.

Stream

STREAM, noun [Saxon stream; German strom; Dutch stroom; Danish strÃƒ-¶m; Swedish strom; Welsh ystrym; Irish sreamh or sreav. If m is radical, this word belongs to Class Rm.]

1. A current of water or other fluid; a liquid substance flowing in a line or course, either on the earth, as a river or brook, or from a vessel or other reservoir or fountain. Hence,

2. A river, brook or rivulet.

3. A current of water in the ocean; as the gulf stream.

4. A current of melted metal or other substance; as a stream of lead or iron flowing from a furnace; a stream of lava from a volcano.

5. Any thing issuing from a source and moving with a continued succession of parts; as a stream of words; a stream of sand.

A stream of beneficence.

Atterbury.

6. A continued current or course; as a stream of weather. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

The stream of his life.

Shak.

7. A current of air or gas, or of light.

8. Current; drift; as of opinions or manners. It is difficult to oppose the stream of public opinion.

9. Water.

Stream

STREAM, verb intransitive To flow; to move or run in a continuous current. Blood streams from a vein.

Beneath the banks where rivers stream.

Milton.

2. To emit; to pour out in abundance. His eyes streamed with tears.

3. To issue with continuance, not by fits.

From op'ning skies my streaming glories shine.

Pope.

4. To issue or shoot in streaks; as light streaming from the east.

5. To extend; to stretch in a long line; as a flag streaming in the wind.

Stream

STREAM, verb transitive To mark with colors or embroidery in long tracts.

The herald's mantle is streamed with gold.

Bacon.

Streamer

STRE'AMER, noun An ensign or flag; a pennon extended or flowing in the wind; a poetic use of the word.

Brave Rupert from afar appears,

Whose waving streamers the glad general knows.

Dryden.

Streaming

STRE'AMING, participle of the present tense Flowing; running in a current.

2. Emitting; pouring out in abundance; as streaming eyes.

3. Flowing; floating loosely; as a flag.

Streamlet

STRE'AMLET, noun A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.

Thomson.

Stream-Tin

STRE'AM-TIN, noun Particles or masses of tin found beneath the surface of alluvial ground.

Encyc.

Streamy

STRE'AMY, adjective Abounding with running water.

Arcadia,

However streamy now, adust and dry,

Denied the goddess water.

Prior.

2. Flowing with a current or streak.

His nodding helm emits a streamy ray.

Pope.

Streek

STREEK, verb transitive [Saxon streccan, to stretch.]

To lay out, as a dead body. [Not in use.]

Brand.

Street

STREET, noun [Saxon stroete, strete; German strasse; Dutch straat; Swedish str?t; Danish stroede; Irish sraid; Welsh ystryd; Italian strada; Spanish estrada; Latin stratum, from stratus, strewed or spread. See Strew.]

1. Properly, a paved way or road; but in usage, any way or road in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a lane or alley.

2. Among the people of New England, any public highway.

3. Streets, plural, any public way, road or place.

That there be no complaining in our streets. Psalm 144.

Street-Walker

STREE'T-WALKER, noun [street and walk.] A common prostitute that offers herself to sale in the streets.

Street-Ward

STREE'T-WARD, noun [street and ward.] Formerly, an officer who had the care of the streets.

Cowel.

Streight

STREIGHT, noun A narrow. Obs. [See Strait.]

Streight

STREIGHT, adverb Strictly. Obs. [See Strait.]

Strene

STRENE, noun Race; offspring. Obs.

Chaucer.

Strength

STRENGTH, noun [Saxon strength, from streng, strong. See Strong.]

1. That property or quality of an animal body by which it is enabled to move itself or other bodies. We say, a sick man has not strength to walk, or to raise his head or his arm. We say, a man has strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This quality is called also power and force. But force is also used to denote the effect of strength exerted, or the quantity of motion. Strength in this sense, is positive, or the power of producing positive motion or action, and is opposed to weakness.

2. Firmness; solidity or toughness; the quality of bodies by which they sustain the application of force without breaking or yielding. Thus we speak of the strength of a bone, the strength of a beam, the strength of a wall, the strength of rope. In this sense, strength is a passive quality, and is opposed to weakness or frangibility.

3. Power or vigor of any kind.

This act

Shall crush the strength of Satan.

Milton.

Strength there must be either of love or war.

Holyday.

4. Power of resisting attacks; fastness; as the strength of a castle or fort.

5. Support; that which supports; that which supplies strength; security.

God is our refuge and strength. Psalm 46.

6. Power of mind; intellectual force; the power of any faculty; as strength of memory; strength of reason; strength of judgment.

7. Spirit; animation.

Methinks I feel new strength within me rise.

Milton.

8. Force of writing; vigour; nervous diction. The strength of words, of style, of expression and the like, consists in the full and forcible exhibition of ideas, by which a sensible or deep impression is made on the mind of a hearer or reader. It is distinguished from softness or sweetness. Strength of language enforces an argument, produces conviction, or excites wonder or other strong emotion; softness and sweetness give pleasure.

And praise the easy vigor of a line,

Where Denham's strength and Waller's sweetness join.

Pope.

9. Vividness; as strength of colors or coloring.

10. Spirit; the quality of any liquor which has the power of affecting the taste, or of producing sensible effects on other bodies; as the strength of wine or spirit; the strength of an acid.

11. The virtue or spirit of any vegetable, or of its juices or qualities.

12. Legal or moral force; validity; the quality of binding, uniting or securing; as the strength of social or legal obligations; the strength of law; the strength of public opinion or custom.

13. Vigor; natural force; as the strength of natural affection.

14. That which supports; confidence.

The allies, after a successful summer, are too apt upon the strength of it to neglect preparation for the ensuing campaign.

Addison.

15. Amount of force, military or naval; an army or navy; number of troops or ships well appointed. What is the strength of the enemy by land, or by sea?

16. Soundness; force; the quality that convinces, persuades or commands assent; as the strength of an argument or of reasoning; the strength of evidence.

17. Vehemence; force proceeding from motion and proportioned to it; as the strength of wind or a current of water.

18. Degree of brightness or vividness; as the strength of light.

19. Fortification; fortress; as an inaccessible strength. [Not in use.]

Milton.

20. Support; maintenance of power.

What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are providing shall be one of our principal strengths. [Not used.]

Sprat.

Strength

STRENGTH, verb transitive To strengthen. [Not in use.]

Strengthen

STRENGTHEN, v. t. strength'n. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to, either physical, legal or moral; as, to strengthen a limb; to strengthen an obligation.

2. To confirm; to establish; as, to strengthen authority.

3. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution.

Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deuteronomy 3.

4. To cause to increase in power or security.

Let noble Warwick, Cobham and the rest,

With powerful policy strengthen themselves.

Shak.

Strengthen

STRENGTH'EN, verb intransitive To grow strong or stronger.

The disease that shall destroy at length,

Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength.

Pope.

Strengthened

STRENGTH'ENED, participle passive Made strong or stronger; confirmed.

Strengthener

STRENGTH'ENER, noun That which increases strength, physical or moral.

2. In medicine, something which, taken into the system, increases the action and energy of the vital powers.

Strengthening

STRENGTH'ENING, participle of the present tense Increasing strength, physical or moral; confirming; animating.

Strengthless

STRENGTH'LESS, adjective Wanting strength; destitute of power.

2. Wanting spirit. [Little used.]

Boyle.

Strenuous

STREN'UOUS, adjective [Latin strenuus; Italian strenuo; Welsh tren, force, also impetuous. The sense is pressing, straining or rushing forward.]

1. Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; as a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous opposer of African slavery.

2. Bold and active; valiant, intrepid and ardent; as a strenuous defender of his country.

Strenuously

STREN'UOUSLY, adverb With eager and pressing zeal; ardently.

2. Boldly; vigorously; actively.

Strenuousness

STREN'UOUSNESS, noun Eagerness; earnestness; active zeal; ardor in pursuit of an object, or in opposition to a measure.

Strepent

STREP'ENT, adjective [Latin strepens, strepo.] Noisy; loud. [Little used.]

Shenstone.

Streperous

STREP'EROUS, adjective [Latin strepo.] Loud; boisterous. [Little used.]

Stress

STRESS, noun [Welsh trais, force, violence, oppression; treissaw, to force or drive; Irish treise, force; Armoric treÃƒ-§zen, a twist; trozeza, trouezal, to truss, French trousser. Hence distress, trestle, &c.]

1. Force; urgency; pressure; importance; that which bears with most weight; as the stress of a legal question. Consider how much stress is laid on the exercise of charity in the New Testament.

This, on which the great stress of the business dependsÃ‚--

Locke.

2. Force or violence; as stress of weather.

3. Force; violence; strain.

Though the faculties of the mind are improved by exercise, yet they must not be put to a stress beyond their strength.

Locke.

Stress

STRESS, verb transitive To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Stretch

STRETCH, verb transitive [Saxon streccan; Dutch strekken; German strecken; Danish strekker; Swedish str?cka; probably formed on the root of reach, right, Latin rego, &c.]

1. To draw out to greater length; to extend in a line; as, to stretch a cord or a rope.

2. To extend in breadth; as, to stretch cloth.

3. To spread; to expand; as, to stretch the wings.

4. To reach; to extend.

Stretch thine hand to the poor.

Ecclus.

5. To spread; to display; as, to stretch forth the heavens.

Tillotson.

6. To draw or pull out in length; to strain; as, to stretch a tendon or muscle.

7. To make tense; to strain.

So the stretch'd cord the shackled dancer tries.

Smith.

8. To extend mentally; as, to stretch the mind or thoughts.

9. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to stretch one's credit.

Stretch

STRETCH, verb intransitive To be extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both. A wet hempen cord or cloth contracts; in drying, it stretches.

2. To be extended; to spread; as, a lake stretches over a hundred miles of earth. Lake Erie stretches from Niagara nearly to Huron. Hence,

3. To stretch to, is to reach.

4. To be extended or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic substances.

The inner membraneÃ‚--because it would stretch and yield, remained unbroken.

Boyle.

5. To sally beyond the truth; to exaggerate. A man who is apt to stretch, has less credit than others.

6. In navigation, to sail; to direct a course. It is often understood to signify to sail under a great spread of canvas close hauled. In this it differs from stand, which implies no press of sail. We were standing to the east, when we saw a ship stretching to the southward.

7. To make violent efforts in running.

Stretch

STRETCH, noun Extension in length or in breadth; reach; as a great stretch of wings.

Ray.

2. Effort; struggle; strain.

Those put lawful authority upon the stretch to the abuse of power, under color of prerogative.

L'Estrange.

3. Force of body; straining.

By stretch of arms the distant shore to gain.

Dryden.

4. Utmost extent of meaning.

Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can signify no more than that Luther lay under severe agonies of mind.

Atterbury.

5. Utmost reach of power.

This is the utmost stretch that nature can.

Granville.

6. In sailing, a tack; the reach or extent of progress on one tack.

Mar. Dict.

7. Course; direction; as the stretch of seams of coal.

Kirwan.

Stretched

STRETCH'ED, participle passive Drawn out in length; extended; exerted to the utmost.

Stretcher

STRETCH'ER, noun He or that which stretches.

2. A term in bricklaying.

Moxon.

3. A piece of timber in building.

4. A narrow piece of plank placed across a boat for the rowers to set their feet against.

Mar. Dict.

Stretching

STRETCH'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing out in length; extending; spreading; exerting force.

Strew

STREW, verb transitive [Gothic strawan; Saxon streawian, streowian; German streuen; Dutch strooijen; Danish strÃƒ-¶er; Swedish str?;; contracted from stroegan, which is retained in the Saxon. The Latin has sterno, stravi; the latter is our strew, straw. This verb is written straw, strew, or strow; straw is nearly obsolete, and strow is obsolescent. Strew is generally used.]

1. To scatter; to spread by scattering; always applied to dry substances separable into parts or particles; as, to strew seed in beds; to strew sand on or over a floor; to strew flowers over a grave.

2. To spread by being scattered over.

The snow which does the top of Pindus strew.

Spenser.

Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain?

Pope.

3. To scatter loosely.

And strew'd his mangled limbs about the field.

Dryden.

Strewed

STREW'ED, participle passive Scattered; spread by scattering; as sand strewed on paper.

2. Covered or sprinkled with something scattered; as a floor strewed with sand.

Strewing

STREW'ING, participle of the present tense Scattering; spreading over.

Strewing

STREW'ING, noun The act of scattering or spreading over.

2. Any thing fit to be strewed.

Shak.

Strewment

STREW'MENT, noun Any thing scattered in decoration. [Not used.]

Shak.

Striae

STRI'AE, n. plu. [Latin See Streak.] In natural history, small channels in the shells of cockles and in other substances.

Striate

STRI'ATE, or STRI'ATED, adjective Formed with small channels; channeled.

2. In botany, streaked; marked or scored with superficial or very slender lines; marked with fine parallel lines.

Martyn. Smith.

Striated fracture, in mineralogy, consists of long narrow separable parts laid on or beside each other.

Kirwan.

Striature

STRI'ATURE, noun Disposition of striae.

Woodward.

Strick

STRICK, noun [Greek, Latin strix, a screech-owl.]

A bird of ill omen. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Stricken

STRICK'EN, participle passive of strike. Struck; smitten; as the stricken deer. [See Strike.]

Spenser.

2. Advanced; worn; far gone.

Abraham was old and well stricken in age. Gen xxiv. Obs.

Strickle

STRICK'LE, noun [from strike.] A strike; an instrument to strike grain to a level with the measure. [In the United States the word strike is used.]

2. An instrument for whetting sythes.

Strict

STRICT, adjective [Latin strictus, from stringo; Saxon stroec. See Strain.]

1. Strained; drawn close; tight; as a strict embrace; a strict ligature.

Arbuthnot. Dryden.

2. Tense; not relaxed; as a strict or lax fiber.

Arbuthnot.

3. Exact; accurate; rigorously nice; as, to keep strict watch. Observe the strictest rules of virtue and decorum.

4. Severe; rigorous; governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; as, the father is very strict in observing the sabbath. The master is very strict with his apprentices.

5. Rigorous; not mild or indulgent; as strict laws.

6. Confined; limited; not with latitude; as, to understand words in a strict sense.

Strictly

STRICT'LY, adverb Closely; tightly.

2. Exactly; with nice accuracy; as, patriotism strictly so called, is a noble virtue.

3. Positively. He commanded his son strictly to proceed no further.

4. Rigorously; severely; without remission or indulgence.

Examine thyself strictly whether thou didst not best at first.

Bacon.

Strictness

STRICT'NESS, noun Closeness; tightness; opposed to laxity.

2. Exactness in the observance of rules, laws, rites and the like; rigorous accuracy; nice regularity or precision.

I could not grant too much or distrust too little to men that pretended singular piety and religious strictness.

K. Charles.

3. Rigor; severity.

These commissioners proceeded with such strictness and severity as did much obscure the king's mercy.

Bacon.

Stricture

STRIC'TURE, noun [Latin strictura. See Strike and Stroke, which unite with Latin stringo.]

1. A stroke; a glance; a touch.

Hale.

2. A touch of criticism; critical remark; censure.

I have given myself the liberty of these strictures by way of reflection on every passage.

Hammond.

3. A drawing; a spasmodic or other morbid contraction of any passage of the body.

Arbuthnot.

Stride

STRIDE, noun [Saxon stroede, a step; gestridan, to stride; bestridan, to bestride; probably formed on the root of Latin gradior, Shemitic

, in Syriac to go, Chaldee to spread, Saxon stredan, id.]

A long step.

Her voice theatrically loud,

And masculine her stride.

Swift.

Stride

STRIDE, verb intransitive pret. strid, strode; pp. strid, stridden.

1. To walk with long steps.

Mars in the middle of the shining shield

Is grav'd, and strides along the field.

Dryden.

2. To straddle.

Stride

STRIDE, verb transitive To pass over at a step.

See him stride

Valleys wide.

Arbuthnot.

Striding

STRI'DING, participle of the present tense Walking with long steps; passing over at a step.

Stridor

STRI'DOR, noun [Latin] A harsh creaking noise, or a crack.

Dryden.

Stridulous

STRID'ULOUS, adjective [Latin stridulus.] Making a small harsh sound or a creaking.

Brown.

Strife

STRIFE, noun [Norm. estrif. See Strive.] Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts. Strife may be carried on between students or between mechanics.

Thus Gods contended, noble strife,

Who most should ease the wants of life.

Congreve.

2. Contention in anger or enmity; contest; struggle for victory; quarrel or war.

I and my people were at great strife with the children of Ammon. Judges 12.

These vows thus granted, rais'd a strife above

Betwixt the god of war and queen of love.

Dryden.

3. Opposition; contrariety; contrast.

Artificial strife

Lives in these touches livelier than life.

Shak.

4. The agitation produced by different qualities; as the strife of acid and alkali. [Little used.]

Johnson.

Strifeful

STRI'FEFUL, adjective Contentious; discordant.

The ape was strifeful and ambitious,

And the fox guileful and most covetous.

Spenser.

Strigment

STRIG'MENT, noun [Latin strigmentum, from stringo.]

Scraping; that which is scraped off. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Strigous

STRI'GOUS, adjective [Latin strigosus, from strigo.] In botany, a strigous leaf is one set with stiff lanceolate bristles.

Martyn.

Strike

STRIKE, verb transitive pret. struck; pp. struck and stricken; but struck is in the most common use. Strook is wholly obsolete. [Saxon astrican, to strike; Dutch stryken, to strike, and to stroke, to smooth, to anoint or rub over, to slide; German streichen, to pass, move or ramble, to depart, to touch, to stroke, to glide or glance over, to lower or strike, as sails, to curry, [Latin stringo, strigil,] to sweep together, to spread, as a plaster, to play on a violin, to card, as wool, to strike or whip, as with a rod; streich, strich, a stroke, stripe or lash, streak; Danish streg, a stroke; stryger, to rub, to stroke, to strike, to trim, to iron or smooth, to strike, as sails, to whip, to play on a violin, to glide along, to plane; Swedish stryka, id. We see that strike, stroke and streak, and the Latin stringo, whence strain, strict, stricture, &c., are all radically one word. Strong is of the same family. Hence we see the sense is to rub, to scrape; but it includes often the sense of thrusting. It is to touch or graze with a sweeping or stroke. Hence our sense of striking a measure of grain, and strike, strickle, and a stroke of the pencil in painting. Hence the use of stricken, applied to age, worn with age, as in the Latin strigo, the same word differently applied. Hence also we see the propriety of the use of stricture, applied to criticism. It seems to be formed on the root of rake and stretch.]

1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an instrument; to give a blow to, either with the open hand, the fist, a stick, club or whip, or with a pointed instrument, or with a ball or an arrow discharged. An arrow struck the shield; a ball strikes a ship between wind and water.

He at Philippi kept

His sword e'en like a dancer, while I struck

The lean and wrinkled Cassius.

Shak.

2. To dash; to throw with a quick motion.

They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side-posts. Exodus 12.

3. To stamp; to impress; to coin; as, to strike coin at the mint; to strike dollars or sovereigns; also, to print; as, to strike five hundred copies of a book.

4. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; as, a tree strikes its root deep.

5. To punish; to afflict; as smite is also used.

To punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for equity. Proverbs 17.

6. To cause to sound; to notify by sound; as, the clock strikes twelve; the drums strike up a march.

Shak. Knolles.

7. In seamanship, to lower; to let down; as, to strike sail; to strike a flag or ensign; to strike a yard or a top-mast in a gale; [that is, to run or slip down.]

Mar. Dict.

8. To impress strongly; to affect sensibly with strong emotion; as, to strike the mind with surprise; to strike with wonder, alarm, dread or horror.

Nice works of art strike and surprise us most upon the first view.

Atterbury.

They please as beauties, here as wonders strike.

Pope.

9. To make and ratify; as, to strike a bargain, Latin foedus ferire. This expression probably arose from the practice of the parties striking a victim when they concluded a bargain.

10. To produce by a sudden action.

Waving wide her myrtle wand,

She strikes an universal peace through sea and land.

Milton.

11. To affect in some particular manner by a sudden impression or impulse; as, the plan proposed strikes me favorably; to strike one dead; to strike one blind; to strike one dumb.

Shak. Dryden.

12. To level a measure of grain, salt or the like, by scraping off with a straight instrument what is above the level of the top.

13. To lade into a cooler.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

14. To be advanced or worn with age; used in the participle; as, he was stricken in years or age; well struck in years.

Shak.

15. To run on; to ground; as a ship.

To strike up, to cause to sound; to begin to beat.

Strike up the drums.

Shak.

2. To begin to sing or play; as, to strike up a tune.

To strike off, to erase from an account; to deduct; as, to strike off the interest of a debt.

2. To impress; to print; as, to strike off of a thousand copies of a book.

3. To separate by a blow or any sudden action; as, to strike off a man's head with a cimiter; to strike off what is superfluous or corrupt.

To strike out, to produce by collision; to force out; as, to strike out sparks with steel.

2. To blot out; to efface; to erase.

To methodize is as necessary as to strike out.

Pope.

3. To form something new by a quick effort; to devise; to invent; to contrive; as, to strike out a new plan of finance.

Strike

STRIKE, verb intransitive To make a quick blow or thrust.

It pleas'd the king

To strike at me upon his misconstruction.

Shak.

2. To hit; to collide; to dash against; to clash; as, a hammer strikes against the bell of a clock.

3. To sound by percussion; to be struck. The clock strikes.

4. To make an attack.

A puny subject strikes

At thy great glory.

Shak.

5. To hit; to touch; to act on by appulse.

Hinder light from striking on it, and its colors vanish.

Locke.

6. To sound with blows.

Whilst any trump did sound, or drum struck up.

Shak.

7. To run upon; to be stranded. The ship struck at twelve, and remained fast.

8. To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to penetrate.

Now and then a beam of wit or passion strikes through the obscurity of the poem.

Dryden.

9. To lower a flag or colors in token of respect, or to signify a surrender of the ship to an enemy.

10. To break forth; as, to strike into reputation. [Not in use.]

To strike in, to enter suddenly; also, to recede from the surface, as an eruption; to disappear.

To strike in with, to conform to; to suit itself to; to join with at once.

South.

To strike out, to wander; to make a sudden excursion; as, to strike out into an irregular course of life.

Collier.

To strike, among workmen in manufactories, in England, is to quit work in a body or by combination, in order to compel their employers to raise their wages.

Strike

STRIKE, noun An instrument with a straight edge for leveling a measure of grain, salt and the like, for scraping off what is above the level of the top.

America.

2. A bushel; four pecks. [Local.]

Tusser.

3. A measure of four bushels or half a quarter. [Local.]

Encyc.

Strike of flax, a handful that may be hackled at once. [Local.]

Strike-Block

STRI'KE-BLOCK, noun [strike and block.] A plane shorter than a jointer, used for shooting a short joint.

Moxon.

Striker

STRI'KER, noun One that strikes, or that which strikes.

2. In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. Titus ~~.

Striking

STRI'KING, participle of the present tense Hitting with a blow; impressing; imprinting; punishing; lowering, as sails or a mast, &c.

2. adjective Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; surprising; forcible; impressive; as a striking representation or image.

3. Strong; exact; adapted to make impression; as a striking resemblance of features.

Strikingly

STRI'KINGLY, adverb In such a manner as to affect or surprise; forcibly; strongly; impressively.

Strikingness

STRI'KINGNESS, noun The quality of affecting or surprising.

String

STRING, noun [Saxon string; Dutch Danish streng; German strang; also Danish strikke; German strick; connected with strong, Latin stringo, from drawing, stretching; Irish srang, a string; sreangaim, to draw.]

1. A small rope, line or cord, or a slender strip of lether or other like substance, used for fastening or tying things.

2. A ribin.

Round Ormond's knee thou ty'st the mystic string.

Prior.

3. A thread on which any thing is filed; and hence, a line of things; as a string of shells or beads.

Addison.

4. The chord of a musical instrument, as of a harpsichord, harp or violin; as an instrument of ten strings.

Scripture.

5. A fiber, as of a plant.

Duck weed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the bottom.

Bacon.

6. A nerve or tendon of an animal body.

The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark 7.

[This is not a technical word.]

7. The line or cord of a bow.

He twangs the quiv'ring string.

Pope.

8. A series of things connected or following in succession; any concatenation of things; as a string of arguments; a string of propositions.

9. In ship-building, the highest range of planks in a ship's ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the upper edge of the upper deck ports.

Mar. Dict.

10. The tough substance that unites the two parts of the pericarp of leguminous plants; as the strings of beans.

To have two strings to the bow, to have two expedients for executing a project or gaining a purpose; to have a double advantage, or to have two views. [In the latter sense, unusual.]

String

STRING, verb transitive pret. and pp. strung. To furnish with strings.

Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet?

Gay.

2. To put in tune a stringed instrument.

For here the muse so oft her harp has strungÃ‚--

Addison.

3. To file; to put on a line; as, to string beads or pearls.

Spectator.

4. To make tense; to strengthen.

Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood.

Dryden.

5. To deprive of strings; as, to string beans.

Stringed

STRING'ED, adjective Having strings; as a stringed instrument.

2. Produced by strings; as stringed noise.

Milton.

Stringent

STRIN'GENT, for astringent, binding, is not in use.

Thomson.

Stringhalt

STRING'HALT, noun [string and halt.] A sudden twitching of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convulsive motion of the muscles that extend or bend the hough.

Far. Dict.

[This word in some of the United States, is corrupted into springhalt.]

Stringing

STRING'ING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with strings; putting in tune; filing; making tense; depriving of strings.

Stringless

STRING'LESS, adjective Having no strings.

His tongue is now a stringless instrument.

Shak.

Stringy

STRING'Y, adjective Consisting of strings or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as a stringy root.

Grew.

2. Ropy; viscid; gluey; that may be drawn into a thread.

Strip

STRIP, verb transitive [German streifen, to strip, to flay, to stripe or streak, to graze upon, to swerve, ramble or stroll; Dutch streepen, to stripe, to reprimand; Danish striber, to stripe or streak, and stripper, to strip, to skin or flay, to ramble; Saxon bestrypan. Some of the senses of these verbs seems to be derived from the noun stripe, which is probably from stripping. Regularly, this verb should be referred to the root of rip, Latin rapio.]

1. To pull or tear off, as a covering; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back.

2. To deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel; as, to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark; to strip a man of his clothes.

3. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; as, to strip a man of his possessions.

4. To divest; as, to strip one of his rights and privileges. Let us strip this subject of all its adventitious glare.

5. To rob; to plunder; as, robbers strip a house.

6. To bereave; to deprive; to impoverish; as a man stripped of his fortune.

7. To deprive; to make bare by cutting, grazing or other means; as, cattle strip the ground of its herbage.

8. To pull off husks; to husk; as, to strip maiz, or the ears of maiz.

America.

9. To press out the last milk at a milking.

10. To unrig; as, to strip a ship.

Locke.

11. To pare off the surface of land in strips, and turn over the strips upon the adjoining surface.

To strip off, to pull or take off; as, to strip off a covering; to strip off a mask or disguise.

2. To cast off. [Not in use.]

Shak.

3. To separate from something connected. [Not in use.]

[We may observe the primary sense of this word is to peel or skin, hence to pull off in a long narrow piece; hence stripe.]

Strip

STRIP, noun [German streif, a stripe, a streak; Dutch streep, a stroke, a line, a stripe; Danish stribe.]

1. A narrow piece, comparatively long; as a strip of cloth.

2. Waste, in a legal sense; destruction of fences, buildings, timber, &c. [Norm. estrippe.]

Massachusetts.

Stripe

STRIPE, noun [See Strip. It is probable that this word is taken from stripping.]

1. A line or long narrow division of any thing, of a different color from the ground; as a stripe of red on a green ground; hence, any linear variation of color.

Bacon.

2. A strip or long narrow piece attached to something of a different color; as a long stripe sewed upon a garment.

3. The weal or long narrow mark discolored by a lash or rod.

4. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap or scourge.

Forty stripes may he give him, and not exceed. Deuteronomy 25.

[A blow with a club is not a stripe.]

5. Affliction; punishment; sufferings.

By his stripes are we healed. Isaiah 53.

Stripe

STRIPE, verb transitive To make stripes; to form with lines of different colors; to variegate with stripes.

2. To strike; to lash. [Little used.]

Striped

STRI'PED, participle passive Formed with lines of different colors.

2. adjective Having stripes of different colors.

Striping

STRI'PING, participle of the present tense Forming with stripes.

Stripling

STRIP'LING, noun [from strip, stripe; primarily a tall slender youth, one that shoots up suddenly.]

A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad.

And the king said, inquire thou whose son the stripling is. 1 Samuel 18.

Stripped

STRIP'PED, participle passive Pulled or torn off; peeled; skinned; deprived; divested; made naked; impoverished; husked, as maiz.

Stripper

STRIP'PER, noun One that strips.

Stripping

STRIP'PING, participle of the present tense Pulling off; peeling; skinning; flaying; depriving; divesting; husking.

Strippings

STRIP'PINGS, noun The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.

Grose. New England.

Strive

STRIVE, verb intransitive pret. strove; pp. striven. [German streben; Dutch streeven; Swedish str?fva; Danish stroeber; formed perhaps on the Hebrew. This word coincides in elements with drive, and the primary sense is nearly the same. See Rival.]

1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness; to labor hard; applicable to exertions of body or mind. A workman strives to perform his task before another; a student strives to excel his fellows in improvement.

Was it for this that his ambition strove

To equal Cesar first, and after Jove?

Cowley.

Strive with me in your prayers to God for me. Romans 15.

Strive to enter in at the strait gate. Luke 13.

2. To contend; to contest; to struggle in opposition to another; to be in contention or dispute; followed by against or with before the person or thing opposed; as, strive against temptation; strive for the truth.

My spirit shall not always strive with man. Genesis 6.

3. To oppose by contrariety of qualities.

Now private pity strove with public hate,

Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate.

Derham.

4. To vie; to be comparable to; to emulate; to contend in excellence.

Not that sweet grove

Of Daphne by Orontes, and the inspir'd

Castalian spring, might with this paradise

Of Eden strive.

Milton.

Striver

STRI'VER, noun One that strives or contends; one who makes efforts of body or mind.

Striving

STRI'VING, participle of the present tense Making efforts; exerting the powers of body or mind with earnestness; contending.

Striving

STRI'VING, noun The act of making efforts; contest; contention.

Avoid foolish questions and genealogies and contentions, and strivings about the law. Titus ~~.

Strivingly

STRI'VINGLY, adverb With earnest efforts; with struggles.

Strobil

STROB'IL, noun [Latin strobilus.] In botany, a pericarp formed from an ament by the hardening of the scales. It is made up of scales that are imbricate, from an ament contracted or squeezed together in this state of maturity, as the cone of the pine.

Martyn.

Strobiliform

STROB'ILIFORM, adjective [Latin strobilus and form, supra.] Shaped like a strobil, as a spike.

Strocal

STRO'CAL, or STRO'KAL, noun An instrument used by glass-makers to empty the metal from one pot to another.

Encyc.

Stroke

STROKE, or STROOK, for struck. Obs.

Stroke

STROKE, noun [from strike.] A blow; the striking of one body against another; applicable to a club or to any heavy body, or to a rod, whip or lash. A piece of timber falling may kill a man by its stroke; a man when whipped, can hardly fail to flinch or wince at every stroke.

Th' oars were silver,

Which to the time of flutes kept strokeÃ‚--

Shak.

2. A hostile blow or attack.

He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without striking a stroke.

Bacon.

3. A sudden attack of disease or affliction; calamity.

At this one stroke the man look'd dead in law.

Harte.

4. Fatal attack; as the stroke of death.

5. The sound of the clock.

What is 't o'clock?

Upon the stroke of four.

Shak.

6. The touch of a pencil.

Oh, lasting as those colors may they shine,

Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line.

Pope.

Some parts of my work have been brightened by the strokes of your lordship's pencil.

Middleton.

7. A touch; a masterly effort; as the boldest strokes of poetry.

Dryden.

He will give one of the finishing strokes to it.

Addison.

8. An effort suddenly or unexpectedly produced.

9. Power; efficacy.

He has a great stroke with the reader, when he condemns any of my poems, to make the world have a better opinion of them.

Dryden.

[I believe this sense is obsolete.]

9. Series of operations; as, to carry on a great stroke in business. [A common use of the word.]

10. A dash in writing or printing; a line; a touch of the pen; as a hair stroke.

11. In seamen's language, the sweep of an oar; as, to row with a long stroke.

Stroke

STROKE, verb transitive [Saxon stracan; Swedish stryka; Russian strogayu, strugayu, to plane. See Strike and Strict.]

1. To rub gently with the hand by way of expressing kindness or tenderness; to soothe.

He dried the falling drops, and yet more kind,

He strok'd her cheeksÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. To rub gently in one direction.

Gay.

3. To make smooth.

Stroked

STRO'KED, participle passive Rubbed gently with the hand.

Stroker

STRO'KER, noun One who strokes; one who pretends to cure by stroking.

Strokesman

STRO'KESMAN, noun In rowing, the man who rows the aftmost oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest.

Mar. Dict.

Stroking

STRO'KING, participle of the present tense Rubbing gently with the hand.

Stroll

STROLL, verb intransitive [formed probably on troll, roll.]

To rove; to wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely.

These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their helpless infants.

Swift.

Stroll

STROLL, noun A wandering on foot; a walking idly and leisurely.

Stroller

STROLLER, noun One who strolls; a vagabond; a vagrant.

Swift.

Strolling

STROLLING, participle of the present tense Roving idly; rambling on foot.

Strombite

STROM'BITE, noun A petrified shell of the genus Strombus.

Jameson.

Strond

STROND, noun The beach. [Not much used. See Strand.]

Strong

STRONG, adjective [Saxon strong, strang or streng; from the latter is formed strength; German strenge; Dutch Danish streng; Swedish str?ng, strict, severe, rigid. As n is casual in this word, the original orthography was strag, streg, or strog, coinciding with Latin strictus, stringo. The sense of the radical word is to stretch, strain, draw, and probably from the root of stretch and reach. We observe in all the kindred dialects on the continent, the sense of the word is somewhat different from that of the English. The Russian strogei, strict, rigid, severe, retains the original orthography without n.]

1. Having physical active power, or great physical power; having the power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous. A patient is recovering from sickness, but is not yet strong enough to walk. A strong man will lift twice his own weight.

That our oxen may be strong to labor. Psalm 144.

Orses the strong to greater strength must yield.

Dryden.

2. Having physical passive power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; solid; as a constitution strong enough to bear the fatigues of a campaign.

3. Well fortified; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as a strong fortress or town.

4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as a strong army or fleet; a strong nation; a nation strong at sea.

5. Having great wealth, means or resources; as a strong house or company of merchants.

6. Moving with rapidity; violent; forcible; impetuous; as a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; we had a strong tide against us.

7. Hale; sound; robust; as a strong constitution.

8. Powerful; forcible; cogent; adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; as a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example or instance. He used strong language.

9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as a strong partisan; a strong whig or tory.

Her mother, ever strong against that matchÃ‚--

Shak.

10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or having a particular quality in a great degree; as a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea; strong coffee.

11. Full of spirit; intoxicating; as strong liquors.

12. Affecting the sight forcibly; as strong colors.

13. Affecting the taste forcibly; as the strong flavor of onions.

14. Affecting the smell powerfully; as a strong scent.

15. Not of easy digestion; solid; as strong meat. Hebrews 5.

16. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as a custom grown strong by time.

17. Violent; vehement; earnest.

Who in the days of his flesh, when he offered up prayers with strong crying and tearsÃ‚-- Hebrews 5.

18. Able; furnished with abilities.

I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism.

Dryden.

19. Having great force of mind, of intellect or of any faculty; as a man of strong powers of mind; a man of a strong mind or intellect; a man of strong memory, judgment or imagination.

20. Having great force; comprising much in few words.

Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song,

As high, as sweet, as easy and as strong.

Smith.

21. Bright; glaring; vivid; as a strong light.

22. Powerful to the extent of force named; as an army ten thousand strong.

Stronger

STRON'GER, a. comp. of strong. Having more strength.

Strongest

STRON'GEST, a. superl. of strong. Having most strength.

Strong-Fisted

STRONG'-FISTED, adjective [strong and fist.] Having a strong hand; muscular.

Arbuthnot.

Strong-Hand

STRONG-HAND, noun [strong and hand.] Violence; force; power.

It was their meaning to take what they needed by strong-hand.

Raleigh.

[Not properly a compound word.]

Strong-Hold

STRONG-HOLD, noun [strong and hold.] A fastness; a fort; a fortified place; a place of security.

Strongly

STRONG'LY, adverb With strength; with great force or power; forcibly; a word of extensive application.

2. Firmly; in a manner to resist attack; as a town strongly fortified.

3. Vehemently; forcibly; eagerly. The evils of this measure were strongly represented to the government.

Strong-Set

STRONG'-SET, adjective [strong and set.] Firmly set or compacted.

Swift.

Strong-Water

STRONG-WATER, noun [strong and water.]

Distilled or ardent spirit. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Strontian

STRON'TIAN, noun [from Strontian, in Argyleshire, where it was first found.]

An earth which, when pure and dry, is perfectly white, and resembles baryte in many of its properties. It is a compound of oxygen and a base to which is given the name strontium, in the proportion of 16 per cent. of the former, to 84 per cent. of the latter.

Davy.

Strontian

STRON'TIAN, or STRONTIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to strontian.

Strontianite

STRON'TIANITE, noun Carbonate of strontian, a mineral that occurs massive, fibrous, stellated, and crystalized in the form of a hexahedral prism, modified on the edges, or terminated by a pyramid.

Phillips.

Prismatic baryte, a species of heavy spar.

Ure.

Strontium

STRON'TIUM, noun The base of strontian.

Davy.

Strook

STROOK, for struck. [Not in use.]

Strop

STROP, noun A strap. [See Strap.] This orthography is particularly used for a strip of lether used for sharpening razors and giving them a fine smooth edge; a razorstrop. But strap is preferable.

2. [Spanish estrovo.] A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.

Mar. Dict.

Strophe

STRO'PHE, or STRO'PHY, noun [French strophe; Italian strofa, strofe; Greek, a turn, from, to turn.]

In Greek poetry, a stanza; the first member of a peom. This is succeeded by a similar stanza called antistrophy.

Strout

STROUT, verb intransitive [for strut.] To swell; to puff out. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Strove

STROVE, pret. of strive.

Strow

STROW, is only a different orthography of strew. [See Strew.]

Strowl

STROWL, for stroll, is not in use. [See Stroll.]

Stroy

STROY, for destroy, is not in use. [See Destroy.]

Struck

STRUCK, pret. and participle passive of strike. [See Strike.]

Strucken

STRUCK'EN, the old pp. of strike, is obsolete.

Structure

STRUC'TURE, noun [French from Latin structura, from struo, [for strugo,] to set or lay; Italian struttura.]

1. Act of building; practice of erecting buildings.

His son builds on and never is content,

Till the last farthing is in structure spent.

[Rarely used.]

Dryden.

2. Manner of building; form; make; construction; as the want of insight into the structure and constitution of the terraqueous globe.

Woodward.

3. Manner of organization of animals and vegetables, &c.

4. A building of any kind, but chiefly a building of some size or of magnificence; an edifice. The iron bridge over the Seine in Paris, is a beautiful structure.

There stands a structure of majestic frame.

Pope.

5. In mineralogy, the particular arrangement of the integrant particles or molecules of a mineral.

Brongniarl.

Strude

STRUDE, or STRODE, noun A stock of breeding mares.

Bailey.

Struggle

STRUG'GLE, verb intransitive [This word may be formed on the root of stretch, right, &c. which signifies to strain; or more directly on the same elements in Latin rugo, to wrinkle, and wriggle. In Welsh ystreiglaw is to turn.]

1. Properly, to strive, or to make efforts with a twisting or with contortions of the body. Hence,

2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend; as, to struggle to save life; to struggle with the waves; to struggle against the stream; to struggle with adversity.

3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind of difficulty or distress.

'Tis wisdom to beware,

And better shun the bait than struggle in the snare.

Dryden.

Struggle

STRUG'GLE, noun Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avoid an evil; properly, a violent effort with contortions of the body.

2. Contest; contention; strife.

An honest man might look upon the struggle with indifference.

Addison.

3. Agony; contortions of extreme distress.

Struggler

STRUG'GLER, noun One who struggles, strives or contends.

Struggling

STRUG'GLING, participle of the present tense Making great efforts; using violent exertions; affected with contortions.

Struggling

STRUG'GLING, noun The act of striving; vehement or earnest effort.

Struma

STRU'MA, noun [Latin] A glandular swelling; scrofula; the king's evil; a wen.

'Wiseman. Coxe.

Strumous

STRU'MOUS, adjective Having swellings in the glands; scrofulous.

Wiseman.

Strumpet

STRUM'PET, noun [Irish stribrid, striopach.] A prostitute.

Strumpet

STRUM'PET, adjective Like a strumpet; false; inconstant.

Shak.

Strumpet

STRUM'PET, verb transitive To debauch.

Shak.

Strung

STRUNG, pret. of string.

Strut

STRUT, verb intransitive [German strotzen; Danish strutter.]

1. To walk with a lofty proud gait and erect head; to walk with affected dignity.

Does he not hold up his head and strut in his gait?

Shak.

2. To swell; to protuberate.

The bellying canvas strutted with the gale. [Not used.]

Dryden.

Strut

STRUT, noun A lofty proud step or walk with the head erect; affectation of dignity in walking.

Struthious

STRU'THIOUS, adjective [Latin struthio.] Pertaining to or like the ostrich.

Strutter

STRUT'TER, noun One who struts.

Swift.

Strutting

STRUT'TING, participle of the present tense Walking with a lofty gait and erect head.

Strutting

STRUT'TING, participle of the present tense Walking with a lofty gaint and erect head.

Struttingly

STRUT'TINGLY, adverb With a proud lofty step: boastingly.

Strychnia

STRYCH'NIA, noun An alkaline substance obtained from the fruit of the Strychnos nux vomica, and Strychnos ignatia. It is a white substance, crystalized in very small four sided prisms, and intolerably bitter. It acts upon the stomach with violent energy, inducing locked jaw and destroying life.

Ure.

Stub

STUB, noun [Saxon steb; Danish stub; Swedish stubbe, a stock or stem; Latin stipes; from setting, fixing. See Stop.]

1. The stump of a tree; that part of the stem of a tree which remains fixed in the earth when the tree is cut down. [Stub, in the United States, I believe is never used for the stump of an herbaceous plant.]

2. A log; a block. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Stub

STUB, verb transitive To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible roots.

Grew.

2. To strike the toes against a stump, stone or other fixed object.

New England.

Stubbed

STUB'BED, adjective Short and thick like something truncated; blunt; obtuse. [Swedish stubbig.]

2. Hardy; not nice or delicate.

Berkeley.

Stubbedness

STUB'BEDNESS, noun Bluntness; obtuseness.

Stubble

STUB'BLE, noun [Dutch German stoppel; Swedish stubb; Latin stipula. It is a diminutive of stub.]

The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats or buckwheat, left in the ground; the part of the stalk left by the sythe or sickle.

After the first crop is off, they plow in the stubble.

Mortimer.

Stubble-Goose

STUB'BLE-GOOSE, noun [stubble and goose.] A goose fed among stubble.

Chaucer.

Stubble-Rake

STUB'BLE-RAKE, noun A rake with long teeth for raking together stubble.

Stubborn

STUB'BORN, adjective [This word is doubtless formed on the root of stub or stiff, and denotes fixed, firm. But the origin of the latter syllable is not obvious.]

1. Unreasonably obstinate; inflexibly fixed in opinion; not to be moved or persuaded by reasons; inflexible; as a stubborn son; a stubborn mind or soul.

The queen is obstinateÃ‚--

Stubborn to justice.

Shak.

2. Persevering; persisting; steady; constant; as stubborn attention.

Locke.

3. Stiff; not flexible; as a stubborn bow.

Chapman.

Take a plant of stubborn oak.

Dryden.

4. Hardy; firm; enduring without complaint; as stubborn Stoics.

Swift.

5. Harsh; rough; rugged. [Little used.]

6. Refractory; not easily melted or worked; as a stubborn ore or metal.

7. Refractory; obstinately resisting command, the goad or the whip; as a stubborn ass or horse.

Stubbornly

STUB'BORNLY, adverb Obstinately; inflexibly; contumaciously.

Stubbornness

STUB'BORNNESS, noun Perverse and unreasonable obstinacy; inflexibility; contumacy.

Stubbornness and obstinate disobedience must be mastered with blows.

Locke.

2. Stiffness; want of pliancy.

3. Refractoriness, as of ores.

Stubby

STUB'BY, adjective [from stub.] Abounding with stubs.

2. Short and thick; short and strong; as stubby bristles.

Grew.

Stub-Nail

STUB'-NAIL, noun [stub and nail.] A nail broken off; a short thick nail.

Stucco

STUC'CO, noun [Italian id.; French stuc; Spanish estuco; allied probably to stick, stuck.]

1. A fine plaster composed of lime, sand, whiting and pounded marble; used for covering walls, &c.

2. Work made of stucco.

Stucco

STUC'CO, verb transitive To plaster; to overlay with fine plaster.

Stuccoed

STUC'COED, participle passive Overlaid with stucco.

Stuccoing

STUC'COING, participle of the present tense Plastering with stucco.

Stuck

STUCK, pret. and participle passive of stick.

Stuck o'er with titles, and hung round with strings.

Pope.

Stuck

STUCK, noun A thrust. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Stuckle

STUCK'LE, noun [from stook.] A number of sheaves set together in the field. [Scotish. Not in use in the U. States.]

Stud

STUD, noun [Saxon stod, studu; Icelandic stod; Dutch stut; Swedish st?d; German stÃƒ-¼tze, a stay or prop; stÃƒ-¼tzen, to butt at, to gore; Danish stÃƒ-¶der, to push, to thrust, German stossen. The sense of the root is to set, to thrust. It coincides with stead, place, Irish stadam, to stay or stand, stid, a prop.]

1. In building, a small piece of timber or joist inserted in the sills and beams, between the posts, to support the beams or other main timbers. The boards on the outside and the laths on the inside of a building, are also nailed to the studs.

2. A nail with a large head, inserted in work chiefly for ornament; an ornamental knob.

A belt of straw, and ivy buds,

With coral clasps and amber studs.

Raleigh.

Crystal and myrrhine cups, emboss'd with gems.

And studs of pearl.

Milton.

3. A collection of breeding horses and mares; or the place where they are kept.

In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor and fire.

Temple.

4. A button for a shirt sleeve.

Stud

STUD, verb transitive To adorn with shining studs or knobs.

Their horses shall be trapp'd,

Their harness studded all with gold and pearl.

Shak.

2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects.

Studded

STUD'DED, participle passive Adorned with studs.

2. Set with detached ornaments.

The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat and commodious dwellings of freemen.

Bp. Hobart.

Studding

STUD'DING, participle of the present tense Setting or adorning with studs or shining knobs.

Studding-Sail

STUD'DING-SAIL, noun In navigation, a sail that is set beyond the skirts of the principal sails. The studding-sails are set only when the wind is light. They appear like wings upon the yard-arms.

Mar. Dict.

Student

STU'DENT, noun [Latin studens, studeo. See Study.]

1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning, either in a seminary or in private; a scholar; as the students of an academy, of a college or university; a medical student; a law student.

2. A man devoted to books; a bookish man; as a hard student; a close student.

Keep a gamester from dice, and a good student from his books.

Shak.

3. One who studies or examines; as a student of nature's works.

Stud-Horse

STUD'-HORSE, noun [Saxon stod-hors; Low Latin stotarius; Chaucer, stot.]

A breeding horse; a horse kept for propagating his kind.

Studied

STUD'IED, participle passive [from study.] Read; closely examined; read with diligence and attention; well considered. The book has been studied. The subject has been well studied.

2. adjective Learned; well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study; as a man well studied in geometry, or in law or medical science.

Bacon.

3. Having a particular inclination. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Studier

STUD'IER, noun [from study.] One who studies; a student.

Lipsius was a great studier in the stoical philosophy.

Tillotson.

Studious

STU'DIOUS, adjective [French studieux; Latin studiosus.]

1. Given to books or to learning; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books; as a studious scholar.

2. Contemplative; given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contemplation.

3. Diligent; eager to discover something, or to effect some object; as, be studious to please; studious to find new friends and allies.

Tickel.

4. Attentive to; careful; with of.

Divines must become studious of pious and venerable antiquity.

White.

5. Planned with study; deliberate.

For the frigid villany of studious lewdness, for the clam malignity of labored impiety, what apology can be invented?

Rambler.

6. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and contemplation; as the studious shade.

Thomson.

Let my due feet never fail,

To walk the studious cloister pale.

Milton.

[The latter signification is forced and not much used.]

Studiously

STU'DIOUSLY, adverb With study; with close attention to books.

2. With diligent contemplation.

Dryden.

3. Diligently; with zeal and earnestness.

Atterbury.

4. Carefully; attentively.

Studiousness

STU'DIOUSNESS, noun The habit or practice of study; addictedness to books. Men of sprightly imagination are not generally the most remarkable for studiousness.

Study

STUD'Y, noun [French etude; Latin studium, from studeo, to study, that is, to set the thoughts or mind. See Assiduous. Studeo is connected with the English stud, stead.]

1. Literally, a setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind to books, to arts or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of learning what is not before known.

Hammond generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study.

Fell.

Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace.

Temple.

2. Attention; meditation; contrivance.

Just men they seem'd, and all their study bent

To worship God aright and know his works.

Milton.

3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied. Let your studies be directed by some learned and judicious friend.

4. Subject of attention.

The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study.

Law.

5. A building or an apartment devoted to study or to literary employment.

Clarendon. Dryden.

6. Deep cogitation; perplexity. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Study

STUD'Y, verb intransitive [Latin studeo.] To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to muse; to dwell upon in thought.

I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable.

Swift.

2. To apply the mind to books. He studies eight hours in the day.

3. To endeavor diligently.

That ye study to be quiet and do your own business. 1 Thessalonians 4.

Study

STUD'Y, verb transitive To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study languages.

2. To consider attentively; to examine closely. Study the works of nature.

Study, thyself; what rank or what degree

Thy wise Creator has ordain'd for thee.

Dryden.

3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over; or to commit to memory; as, to study a speech.

Stuff

STUFF, noun [Dutch stof, stoffe; German stoff; Danish stÃƒ-¶v; Swedish stoft; Gothic stubyus; Italian stoffa; Spanish estofa, quilted stuff; estofar, to quilt, to stew. See Stove and Stew.]

1. A mass of matter, indefinitely; or a collection of substances; as a heap of dust, of chips or of dross.

2. The matter of which any thing is formed; materials. The carpenter and joiner speak of the stuff with which they build; mechanics pride themselves on having their wares made of good stuff.

Time is the stuff which life is made of.

Franklin.

Degrading prose explains his meaning ill,

And shows the stuff, and not the workman's skill.

Roscommon.

Cesar hath wept;

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff.

Shak.

3. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels in general.

He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff. [Nearly obsolete]

Hayward.

4. That which fills any thing.

Cleanse the stuff'd bosom of that perilous stuff

That weighs upon the heart.

Shak.

5. Essence; elemental part; as the stuff of the conscience.

6. A medicine. [Vulgar.]

Shak.

7. Cloth; fabrics of the loom; as silk stuffs; woolen stuffs. In this sense the word has a plural. Stuff comprehends all cloths, but it signifies particularly woolen cloth of slight texture for linings.

Encyc.

8. Matter or thing; particularly, that which is trifling or worthless; a very extensive use of the word. Flattery is fulsome stuff; poor poetry is miserable stuff.

Anger would indite

Such woful stuff as I or Shadwell write.

Dryden.

9. Among seamen, a melted mass of turpentine, tallow, &c. with which the masts, sides and bottom of a ship are smeared.

Mar. Dict.

Stuff

STUFF, verb transitive To fill; as, to stuff a bed-tick.

2. To fill very full; to crowd.

This crook drew hazel boughs adown,

And stuff'd her apron wide with nuts so brown.

Gay.

3. To thrust in; to crowd; to press.

Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close together.

Bacon.

4. To fill by being put into any thing.

With inward arms the dire machine they load,

And iron bowels stuff the dark abode.

Dryden.

5. To swell or cause to bulge out by putting something in.

Stuff me out with straw.

Shak.

6. To fill with something improper.

For thee I dim these eyes, and stuff this head

With all such reading as was never read.

Pope.

7. To obstruct, as any of the organs.

I'm stuff'd, cousin; I cannot smell.

Shak.

8. To fill meat with seasoning; as, to stuff a leg of veal.

9. To fill the skin of a dead animal for presenting and preserving his form; as, to stuff a bird or a lion's skin.

10. To form by filling.

An eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal.

Swift.

Stuff

STUFF, verb intransitive To feed gluttonously.

Taught harmless man to cram and stuff.

Swift.

Stuffed

STUFF'ED, participle passive Filled; crowded; crammed.

Stuffing

STUFF'ING, participle of the present tense Filling; crowding.

Stuffing

STUFF'ING, noun That which is used for filling any thing; as the stuffing of a saddle or cushion.

2. Seasoning for meat; that which is put into meat to give it a higher relish.

Stuke

STUKE, for stucco, not in use.

Stulm

STULM, noun A shaft to draw water out of a mine.

Bailey.

Stulp

STULP, noun A post. [Local.]

Stultify

STUL'TIFY, verb transitive [Latin stultus, foolish, and facio, to make.]

1. To make foolish; to make one a fool.

Burke.

2. In law, to alledge or prove to be insane, for avoiding some act.

Blackstone.

Stultiloquence

STULTIL'OQUENCE, noun [Latin stultus, foolish, and loquentia, a talking.] Foolish talk; a babbling.

Dict.

Stultiloquy

STULTIL'OQUY, noun [Latin stultiloquium, supra.] Foolish talk; silly discourse; babbling.

Taylor.

Stum

STUM, noun [Dutch stom, stum, dumb; German stumm, Danish Swedish stum, dumb, mute.]

1. Must; wine unfermented.

Addison.

2. New wine used to raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines.

B. Jonson.

3. Wine revived by a new fermentation.

Hudibras.

Stum

STUM, verb transitive To renew wine by mixing must with it, and raising a new fermentation.

We stum our wines to renew their spirits.

Floyer.

2. To fume a cask of liquor with burning brimstone. [Local.]

Stumble

STUM'BLE, verb intransitive [Icelandic stumra. This word is probably from a root that signifies to stop or to strike, and may be allied to stammer.]

1. To trip in walking or moving in any way upon the legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; applied to any animal. A man may stumble, as well as a horse.

The way of the wicked is as darkness; they know not at what they stumble. Proverbs 4.

2. To err; to slide into a crime or an error.

He that loveth his brother, abideth in the light, and there is none occasion of stumbling in him. 1 John 2.

3. To strike upon without design; to fall on; to light on by chance. Men often stumble upon valuable discoveries.

Ovid stumbled by some inadvertence upon Livia in a bath.

Dryden.

Stumble

STUM'BLE, verb transitive To obstruct in progress; to cause to trip or stop.

2. To confound; to puzzle; to put to a nonplus; to perplex.

One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis.

Locke.

Stumble

STUM'BLE, noun A trip in walking or running.

2. A blunder; a failure.

One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life.

L'Estrange.

Stumbled

STUM'BLED, participle passive Obstructed; puzzled.

Stumbler

STUM'BLER, noun One that stumbles or makes a blunder.

Herbert.

Stumbling

STUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Tripping; erring; puzzling.

Stumbling-Block

STUM'BLING-BLOCK, or STUM'BLING-STONE, noun [stumble and block or stone.]

Any cause of stumbling; that which causes to err.

We preach Christ crucified, to the Jews a stumbling-block, and to the Greeks foolishness. 1 Corinthians 1.

This stumbling-stone we hope to take away.

Burnet.

Stump

STUMP, noun [Swedish Danish stump; Danish stumper, Swedish stympa, to mutilate; Dutch stomp, a stump, and blunt; German stumpf.]

1. The stub of a tree; the part of a tree remaining in the earth after the tree is cut down, or the part of any plant left in the earth by the sythe or sickle.

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is amputated or destroyed; as the stump of a leg, of a finger or a tooth.

Dryden. Swift.

Stump

STUMP, verb transitive To strike any thing fixed and hard with the toe. [Vulgar.]

2. To challenge. [Vulgar.]

Stumpy

STUMP'Y, adjective Full of stumps.

2. Hard; strong. [Little used.]

Mortimer.

3. Short; stubby. [Little used.]

Stun

STUN, verb transitive [Saxon stunian; French etonner. The primary sense is to strike or to stop, to blunt, to stupefy.]

1. To make senseless or dizzy with a blow on the head; as, to be stunned by a fall, or by a falling timber.

One hung a pole-ax at his saddle bow,

And one a heavy mace to stun the foe.

Dryden.

2. To overpower the sense of hearing; to blunt or stupefy the organs of hearing. To prevent being stunned, cannoneers sometimes fill their ears with wool.

3. To confound or make dizzy by loud and mingled sound.

Ã‚--An universal hubbub wild

Of stunning sounds and voices all confus'd.

Milton.

Stung

STUNG, pret. and participle passive of sting.

Stunk

STUNK, pret. of stink.

Stunned

STUN'NED, participle passive Having the sense of hearing overpowered; confounded with noise.

Stunning

STUN'NING, participle of the present tense Overpowering the organs of hearing; confounding with noise.

Stunt

STUNT, verb transitive [Icelandic stunta; Saxon stintan, to stint; stunt, foolish, stupid. See Stint.]

To hinder from growth; applied to animals and plants; as, to stunt a child; to stunt a plant.

Arbuthnot. Pope. Swift.

Stunted

STUNT'ED, participle passive Hindered from growth or increase.

Stuntedness

STUNT'EDNESS, noun The state of being stunted.

Cheyne.

Stunting

STUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Hindering from growth or increase.

Stupe

STUPE, noun [Latin stupa, tow; probably allied to stuff.]

Cloth or flax dipped in warm medicaments and applied to a hurt or sore; fomentation; sweating bath.

Wiseman. Coxe.

Stupe

STUPE, verb transitive To foment.

Wiseman.

Stupe

STUPE, noun A stupid person. [Not in use.]

Stupefaction

STUPEFAC'TION, noun [Latin stupefacio; stupeo, whence stupidus, and facio. See Stop.]

1. The act of rendering stupid.

2. A stupid or senseless state; insensibility; dullness; torpor; stupidity.

Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and stupefaction upon it.

South.

Stupefactive

STUPEFAC'TIVE, adjective Causing insensibility; deadening or blunting the sense of feeling or understanding; narcotic.

Opium hath a stupefactive part.

Bacon.

Stupefier

STU'PEFIER, noun [from stupefy.] That which causes dullness or stupidity.

Stupefy

STU'PEFY, verb transitive [French stupefier; Latin stupefacio.]

1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of perception or understanding; to deprive of sensibility. It is a great sin to attempt to stupefy the conscience.

The fumes of passion intoxicate his discerning faculties, as the fumes of drink stupefy the brain.

South.

2. To deprive of material motion.

It is not malleable nor fluent, but stupefied. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Stupefying

STU'PEFYING, participle of the present tense Rendering extremely dull or insensible; as the stupefying virtues of opium.

[It would be convenient to write stupifaction, stupifactive, and place these words after stupidly.]

Stupendous

STUPEN'DOUS, adjective [Low Latin stupendus, from stupeo, to astonish.]

Literally, striking dumb by its magnitude; hence, astonishing; wonderful; amazing; particularly, of astonishing magnitude or elevation; as a stupendous pile; a stupendous edifice; a stupendous mountain; a stupendous bridge.

Milton. Dryden.

Stupendously

STUPEN'DOUSLY, adverb In a manner to excite astonishment.

Stupendousness

STUPEN'DOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being stupendous or astonishing.

Stupid

STU'PID, adjective [French stupide; Latin stupidus, from stupeo, to be stupefied, properly to stop. See Stop.]

1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy; sluggish.

O that men should be so stupid grown,

As to forsake the living God.

Milton.

With wild surprise,

A moment stupid, motionless he stood.

Thomson.

2. Dull; heavy; formed without skill or genius.

Observe what loads of stupid rhymes

Oppress us in corrupted times.

Swift.

Stupidity

STUPID'ITY, noun [French stupiditÃƒ-©; Latin stupiditas.]

Extreme dullness of perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.

Dryden.

Stupidly

STU'PIDLY, adverb With extreme dullness; with suspension or inactivity of understanding; sottishly; absurdly; without the exercise of reason or judgment.

Milton. Dryden.

Stupidness

STU'PIDNESS, noun Stupidity.

Stupor

STU'POR, noun [Latin] Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression of sense; numbness; as the stupor of a limb.

Arbuthnot.

2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness or inattention to one's interests.

Stuprate

STU'PRATE, verb transitive [Latin stupro.] To ravish; to debauch.

Stupration

STUPRA'TION, noun Rape; violation of chastity by force.

Sturdily

STUR'DILY, adverb [from sturdy.] Hardily; stoutly; lustily.

Sturdiness

STUR'DINESS, noun [from sturdy.] Stoutness; hardiness; as the sturdiness of a school boy.

Locke.

2. Brutal strength.

Sturdy

STUR'DY, adjective [German stÃƒ-¶rrig, connected with storren, a stub.]

1. Hardy; stout; foolishly obstinate; implying coarseness or rudeness.

This must be done, and I would fain see

Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay.

Hudibras.

A sturdy hardened sinner advances to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first step.

Atterbury.

2. Strong; forcible; lusty; as a sturdy lout.

Sidney.

3. Violent; laid on with strength; as sturdy strokes.

Spenser.

4. Stiff; stout; strong; as a sturdy oak.

He was not of a delicate contexture, his limbs rather sturdy than dainty.

Wotton.

Sturdy

STUR'DY, noun A disease in sheep, marked by dullness and stupor.

Cyc.

Sturgeon

STUR'GEON, noun [French esturgeon; Spanish esturion; Italian storione; Low Latin sturio; Dutch steur; German stÃƒ-¶r; Swedish st?r; the stirrer, one that turns up the mud; German stÃƒ-¶ren.]

A large fish of the genus Acipenser, caught in large rivers. Its flesh is valued for food.

Goldsmith.

Sturk

STURK, noun [Saxon styrc.] A young ox or heifer. [Scot.]

Stutter

STUT'TER, verb intransitive [Dutch stotteren; German stottern; that is, to stop. Stut is not used.]

To stammer; to hesitate in uttering words.

Bacon.

Stutterer

STUT'TERER, noun A stammerer.

Stuttering

STUT'TERING, participle of the present tense Stammering; speaking with hesitation.

Stutteringly

STUT'TERINGLY, adverb With stammering.

Sty

STY, noun [Saxon stige.] A pen or inclosure for swine.

2. A place of bestial debauchery.

To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty.

Milton.

3. An inflamed tumor on the edge of the eyelid.

Sty

STY, verb transitive To shut up in a sty.

Shak.

Sty

STY, verb intransitive [Saxon stigan; Gothic steigan.] To soar; to ascend. [Not in use.] [See Stirrup.]

Spenser.

Styca

STYC'A, noun A Saxon copper coin of the lowest value.

Leake.

Stygian

STYG'IAN, adjective [Latin Stygius, Styx.] Pertaining to Styx, fabled by the ancients to be a river of hell over which the shades of the dead passed, or the region of the dead; hence, hellish; infernal.

At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect.

Milton.

Style

STYLE, noun [Latin stylus; Dutch German styl; Italian stile; Spanish estilo; French style or stile; Greek, a column, a pen or bodkin; from the root of the Teutonic stellen, to set or place.]

1. Manner of writing with regard to language, or the choice and arrangement of words; as a harsh style; a dry style; a tumid or bombastic style; a loose style; a terse style; a laconic or verbose style; a flowing style; a lofty style; an elegant style; an epistolary style. The character of style depends chiefly on a happy selection and arrangement of words.

Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of style.

Swift.

Let some lord but own the happy lines,

How the wit brightens and the style refines!

Pope.

2. Manner of speaking appropriate to particular characters; or in general, the character of the language used.

No style is held for base, where love well named is.

Sidney.

According to the usual style of dedications.

Middleton.

So we say, a person addresses another in a style of haughtiness, in a style of rebuke.

3. Mode of painting; any manner of painting which is characteristic or peculiar.

The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit.

Reynolds.

4. A particular character of music; as a grave style.

5. Title; appellation; as the style of majesty.

Propitious hear our pray'r,

Whether the style of Titan please thee moreÃ‚--

Pope.

6. Course of writing. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

7. Style of court, is properly the practice observed by any court in its way of proceeding.

Ayliffe.

8. In popular use, manner; form; as, the entertainment was prepared in excellent style.

9. A pointed instrument formerly used in writing on tables of wax; an instrument of surgery.

10. Something with a sharp point; a graver; the pin of a dial; written also stile.

11. In botany, the middle portion of the pistil, connecting the stigma with the germ; sometimes called the shaft. The styles of plants are capillary, filiform, cylindric, subulate, or clavate.

Martyn.

12. In chronology, a mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendar. Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius Cesar, in which the year consists of 365 days and 6 hours. This is something more than 11 minutes too much, and in the course of time, between Cesar and pope Gregory XIII. this surplus amounted to 11 days. Gregory reformed the calendar by retrenching 11 days; this reformation was adopted by act of parliament in Great

Britain in 1751, by which act eleven days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the 3d day was reckoned the 14th. This mode of reckoning is called New Style.

Style

STYLE, verb transitive To call; to name; to denominate; to give a title to in addressing. The emperor of Russia is styled autocrat; the king of Great Britain is styled defender of the faith.

Styled

STY'LED, participle passive Named; denominated; called.

Stylet

STY'LET, noun [from style.] A small poniard or dagger.

Encyc.

Styliform

STY'LIFORM, adjective [style and form.] Like a style, pin or pen.

Styling

STY'LING, participle of the present tense Calling; denominating.

Stylite

STY'LITE, noun [Greek, a column.] In ecclesiastical history, the Stylites were a sect of solitaries, who stood motionless on columns or pillars for the exercise of their patience.

Stylobation

STYLOBA'TION, noun The pedestal of a column.

Styloid

STY'LOID, adjective [Latin stylus and Greek.] Having some resemblance to a style or pen; as the styloid process of the temporal bone.

Encyc.

Styptic

STYP'TIC, or STYP'TICAL, adjective [French styptique; Latin stypticus; Greek; from the root of Latin stipo, stop.]

That stops bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage.

Styptic

STYP'TIC, noun A medicine which has the quality of stopping hemorrhage or discharges of blood. Styptics have the quality of astringents, but the word styptic is used in a sense different from that of astringent, and much more limited. Styptics are usually external applications for restraining discharges of blood; astringents are usually internal applications for stopping bleeding, or for strengthening the solids. Astringent is the general term; styptic a subdivision of it.

Stypticity

STYPTIC'ITY, noun The quality of stanching blood, or stopping hemorrhage.

Stythy

STYTH'Y, verb transitive To forge on an anvil. [See Stithy.]

Suability

SUABIL'ITY, noun Liability to be sued; the state of being subject by law to civil process. [Not much used.]

Suable

SU'ABLE, adjective [from sue.] That may be sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court.

Suade

SUADE, for persuade, is not in use.

Suage

SUAGE, for assuage, is not in use.

Suant

SU'ANT, adjective [French suivant, from suivre, to follow.]

Even; uniform; spread equally over the surface. [New England, but local.]

Suasible

SUA'SIBLE, adjective [Latin suadeo.] That may be persuaded or easily persuaded.

Suasion

SUA'SION, n. sua'zhun. The act of persuading. [See Persuade.]

Suasive

SUA'SIVE, adjective [Latin suadeo.] Having power to persuade.

South.

Suasory

SUA'SORY, adjective [Latin suasorius.] Tending to persuade; having the quality of convincing and drawing by argument or reason.

Hopkins.

Suavity

SUAV'ITY, noun [Latin suavitas; French suavitÃƒ-©; Italian soavitÃƒ- ; Spanish suavidad; from Latin suavis, sweet.]

1. Sweetness, in a literal sense. [Not in use.]

Brown.

2. Sweetness, in a figurative sense; that which is to the mind what sweetness is to the tongue; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; as suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation or address.

Sub

SUB, a Latin preposition, denoting under or below, used in English as a prefix, to express a subordinate degree. Before f and p it is changed into those letters, as in suffer and suppose; and before m, into that letter, as in summon.

Subacid

SUBAC'ID, adjective [sub and acid.] Moderately acid or sour; as a subacid juice.

Arbuthnot.

Subacid

SUBAC'ID, noun A substance moderately acid.

Subacrid

SUBAC'RID, adjective [sub and acrid.] Moderately sharp, pungent or acrid.

Floyer.

Subact

SUBACT', verb transitive [Latin subactus, subago; sub and ago.]

To reduce; to subdue. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Subaction

SUBAC'TION, noun The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies completely, or of beating them to a powder.

Bacon.

Subagitation

SUBAGITA'TION, noun [Latin subagitatio.] Carnal knowledge.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Subah

SU'BAH, noun In India, a province or viceroyship.

Subahdar

SU'BAHDAR, noun In India, a viceroy, or the governor of a province; also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in the European companies.

Subahship

SU'BAHSHIP, noun The jurisdiction of a subahdar.

Subaltern

SUBAL'TERN, adjective [French subalterne; Latin sub and alternus.]

Inferior; subordinate; that in different respects is both superior and inferior; as a subaltern officer. It is used chiefly of military officers.

Subaltern

SUBAL'TERN, noun A subordinate officer in an army or military body. It is applied to officers below the rank of captain.

Subalternate

SUBALTERN'ATE, adjective [supra.] Successive; succeeding by turns.

Hooker.

Subalternation

SUBALTERNA'TION, noun State of inferiority or subjection.

2. Act of succeeding by course.

Subaquatic

SUBAQUAT'IC, or SUBA'QUEOUS, adjective [Latin sub and aqua, water.] Being under water, or beneath the surface of water.

Darwin.

Subastral

SUBAS'TRAL, adjective [sub and astral.] Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial.

Warburlon.

Subastringent

SUBASTRIN'GENT, adjective Astringent in a small degree.

Subaxillary

SUBAX'ILLARY, adjective [Latin sub and axilla, the arm-pit.]

Placed under the axil or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or by a leaf with the branch.

Darwin.

Sub-Beadle

SUB-BE'ADLE, noun [sub and beadl?.] An inferior or under beadle.

Sub-Brigadier

SUB-BRIGADIE'R, noun An off ? horse guards, who ranks as ?

Subcarbureted

SUBC`ARBURETED, adjective Carbur? an inferior degree; or consisting of ? prime of carbon and two of hydrogen.

Ure.

Sub-Celestial

SUB-CELES'TIAL, adjective [sub and celestial.] Being beneath the heavens; as sub-celestial glories.

Glanville.

Sub-Central

SUB-CEN'TRAL, adjective Being under the center.

Say.

Sub-Chanter

SUB-CH`ANTER, noun [sub and chanter.] An under chanter; a deputy of the precentor of a cathedral.

Johnson.

Subclavian

SUBCLA'VIAN, adjective [Latin sub and clavis, a key.]

Situated under the clavicle or collar bone; as the subclavian arteries.

Sub-Committee

SUB-COMMIT'TEE, noun [sub and committee.]

An under committee; a part or division of a committee.

Sub-Constellation

SUB-CONSTELLA'TION, noun A subordinate constellation.

Brown.

Sub-Contracted

SUB-CONTRACT'ED, adjective [sub and contracted.]

Contracted after a former contract.

Shak.

Sub-Contrary

SUB-CON'TRARY, adjective [sub and contrary.] Contrary in an inferior degree. In geometry, when two similar triangles are so placed as to have a common angle at their vertex, and yet their bases not parallel.

Cyc.

Subcordate

SUBCORD'ATE, adjective [Latin sub and cor, the heart.] In shape somewhat like a heart.

Martyn.

Subcostal

SUBCOS'TAL, adjective [Latin sub and costa, a rib.]

The subcostal muscles are the internal intercostal muscles.

Winslow. Cyc.

Subcutaneous

SUBCUTA'NEOUS, adjective [sub and cutaneous; Latin cutis, skin.] Situated under the skin.

Subcuticular

SUBCUTI'C'ULAR, adjective [Latin sub and cuticula, cuticle.]

Being under the cuticle or scarf-skin.

Darwin.

Subdeacon

SUBDE'ACON, noun [sub and deacon.] An under deacon; a deacon's servant, in the Romish church.

Ayliffe.

Subdeaconry

SUBDE'ACONRY, or SUBDE'ACONSHIP, noun The order and office of subdeacon in the catholic church.

Subdean

SUBDE'AN, noun [sub and dean.] An under dean; a dean's substitute or vicegerent.

Ayliffe.

Subdeanery

SUBDE'ANERY, noun The office and rank of subdean.

Subdecuple

SUBDEC'UPLE, adjective [Latin sub and decuplus.] Containing one part of ten.

Johnson.

Subdented

SUBDENT'ED, adjective [sub and dent.] Indented beneath.

Encyc.

Subdeposit

SUBDEPOS'IT, noun That which is deposited beneath something else.

Schoolcraft.

Subderisorious

SUBDERISO'RIOUS, adjective [Latin sub and derisor.] Ridiculing with moderation or delicacy. [Not in use.]

More.

Subdititious

SUBDITI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin subdititius, from subdo, to substitute.]

Put secretly in the place of something else. [Little used.]

Subdiversify

SUBDIVERS'IFY, verb transitive [sub and diversify.] To diversify again what is already diversified. [Little used.]

Hale.

Subdivide

SUBDIVI'DE, verb transitive [sub and divide.] To divide a part of a thing into more parts; to part into smaller divisions.

In the rise of eight in tones, are two half tones; so as if you divide the tones equally, the eight is but seven whole and equal notes; and if you subdivide that into half notes, as in the stops of a lute, it makes the number thirteen.

Bacon.

The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many othersÃ‚--

Dryden.

Subdivide

SUBDIVI'DE, verb intransitive To be subdivided.

Subdivided

SUBDIVI'DED, participle passive Divided again or into smaller parts.

Subdividing

SUBDIVI'DING, participle of the present tense Dividing into smaller parts that which is already divided.

Subdivision

SUBDIVI'SION, noun The act of subdividing or separating a part into smaller parts.

Watts.

2. The part of a thing made by subdividing; the part of a larger part.

In the decimal table, the subdivisions of the cubit, as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit.

Arbuthnot.

Subdolous

SUB'DOLOUS, adjective [Latin subdolus; sub and dolus, deceit.]

Sly; crafty; cunning; artful; deceitful. [Little used.]

Subdominant

SUBDOM'INANT, noun In music, the fourth note above the tonic, being under the dominant.

Subduable

SUBDU'ABLE, adjective That may be subdued.

Ward.

Subdual

SUBDU'AL, noun [from subdue.] The act of subduing.

Warburton.

Subduce

SUBDU'CE, or SUBDUCT', verb transitive [Latin subduco; sub and duco, to draw.] To withdraw; to take away.

Or from my side subducting, took perhaps

More than enough.

Milton.

2. To subtract by arithmetical operation.

If out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations we should subduct tenÃ‚--

Hale.

Subduction

SUBDUC'TION, noun The act of taking away or withdrawing.

Hale.

2. Arithmetical subtraction.

Hale.

Subdue

SUBDUE, v. t. subdu'. [This is a compound word, and the latter component part is contracted from some word in Class Db or Dg.]

1. To conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion. Thus Cesar subdued the Gauls; Augustus subdued Egypt; the English subdued Canada. Subduing implies conquest or vanquishing, but it implies also more permanence of subjection to the conquering power, than either of these words.

I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chronicles 17.

2. To oppress; to crush; to sink; to overpower so as to disable from further resistance.

Nothing could have subdu'd nature

To such a lowness, but his unkind daughters.

Shak.

If aught were worthy to subdue

The soul of man.

Milton.

3. To tame; to break by conquering a refractory temper or evil passions; to render submissive; as, to subdue a stubborn child.

4. To conquer; to reduce to mildness; as, to subdue the temper or passions.

5. To overcome by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or intreaties.

6. To overcome; to conquer; to captivate; as by charms.

7. To soften; to melt; to reduce to tenderness; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.

8. To overcome; to overpower and destroy the force of; as, medicines subdue a fever.

9. To make mellow; to break; as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.

Subdued

SUBDU'ED, participle passive Conquered and reduced to subjection; oppressed; crushed; tamped; softened.

Subduement

SUBDUEMENT, noun Conquest. [Not used.]

Shak.

Subduer

SUBDU'ER, noun One who conquers and brings into subjection; a tamer.

Spenser.

2. That which subdues or destroys the force of.

Arbuthnot.

Subduing

SUBDU'ING, participle of the present tense Vanquishing and reducing to subjection; crushing; destroying the power of resistance; softening.

Subduple

SUB'DUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and duplus, double.]

Containing one part of two.

Wilkins.

Subduplicate

SUBDU'PLICATE, adjective [sub and duplicate.] Having the ratio of the square roots.

Cyc.

Subequal

SUBE'QUAL, adjective [sub and equal.] Nearly equal.

Martyn.

Suberate

SU'BERATE, noun [Latin suber, cork.] A salt formed by the suberic acid in combination with a base.

Chimistry.

Suberic

SU'BERIC, adjective Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it; as suberic acid.

Chimistry.

Suberose

SUB'EROSE, adjective [Latin sub and erosus, gnawed.]

In botany, having the appearance of being gnawed; appearing as if a little eaten or gnawed.

Martyn.

Suberous

SU'BEROUS, adjective [from Latin suber, cork.] Corky; soft and elastic.

Subfusc

SUBFUSC', adjective [Latin subfuscus; sub and fuscus.]

Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.

Tatler.

Subglobular

SUBGLOB'ULAR, adjective Having a form approaching to globular.

Say.

Subhastation

SUBHASTA'TION, noun [Latin sub hasta, under the spear.]

A public sale or auction, so called from the Roman practice.

Burnet.

Subhydrosulphuret

SUBHYDROSULPH'URET, noun A compound of sulphureted hydrogen with a base, in a less proportion than in hydrosulphuret.

Subindication

SUBINDICA'TION, noun [Latin sub and indico.] The act of indicating by signs.

Barrow.

Subinfeudation

SUBINFEUDA'TION, noun [sub and infeudation. See Feud.]

1. In law, the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds lands of the crown; the act of a greater baron, who grants land or a smaller manor to an inferior person. By 34 Edward III. all subinfeudations previous to the reign of king Edward I., were confirmed.

Blackstone.

2. Under tenancy.

The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation or under tenancy.

Blackstone.

Subingression

SUBINGRES'SION, noun [Latin sub and ingressus.]

Secret entrance. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Subitaneous

SUBITA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin subitaneus.] Sudden; hasty.

Subitany

SUB'ITANY, adjective Sudden. [Not in use.]

Subjacent

SUBJA'CENT, adjective [Latin subjacens; sub and jaceo, to lie.] Lying under or below.

2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath. A man placed on a hill, surveys the subjacent plain.

Subject

SUB'JECT, adjective [Latin subjectus, from subjicio; sub and jacio, to throw, that is, to drive or force; Italian suggetto; Spanish sujeto.]

1. Placed or situate under.

Ã‚--The eastern tower

Whose height commands, as subject, all the vale,

To see the fight.

Shak.

2. Being under the power and dominion of another; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.

Esau was never subject to Jacob.

Locke.

3. Exposed; liable from extraneous causes; as a country subject to extreme heat or cold.

4. Liable from inherent causes; prone; disposed.

All human things are subject to decay.

Dryden.

5. Being that on which any thing operates, whether intellectual or material; as the subject-matter of a discourse.

Dryden.

6. Obedient. Titus ~~. Colossians 2.

Subject

SUB'JECT, noun [Latin subjectus; French sujet; Italian suggetto.]

1. One that owes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed by his laws. The natives of Great Britain are subjects of the British government. The natives of the United States, and naturalized foreigners, are subjects of the federal government. Men in free governments, are subjects as well as citizens; as citizens, they enjoy rights and franchises; as subjects, they are bound to obey the laws.

The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, and human laws require it.

Swift.

2. That on which any mental operation is performed; that which is treated or handled; as a subject of discussion before the legislature; a subject of negotiation.

This subject for heroic song pleas'd me.

Milton.

The subject of a proposition is that concerning which any thing is affirmed or denied.

Watts.

3. That on which any physical operation is performed; as a subject for dissection or amputation.

4. That in which any thing inheres or exists.

Anger is certainly a kind of baseness, as it appears well in the weakness of those subjects in whom it reigns.

Bacon.

5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece.

Authors of biography are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject.

Middleton.

6. In grammar, the nominative cause to a verb passive.

Subject

SUBJECT', verb transitive To bring under the power or dominion of. Alexander subjected a great part of the civilized world to his dominion.

Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reasonÃ‚--

Middleton.

2. To put under or within the power of,

In one short view subjected to our eye,

Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties lie.

Pope.

3. To enslave; to make obnoxious.

He is the most subjected, the most enslaved, who is so in his understanding.

Locke.

4. To expose; to make liable. Credulity subjects a person to impositions.

5. To submit; to make accountable.

God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughtsÃ‚--

Locke.

6. To make subservient.

Ã‚--Subjected to his service angel wings.

Milton.

7. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject it to a rigid test.

Subjected

SUBJECT'ED, participle passive Reduced to the dominion of another; enslaved; exposed; submitted; made to undergo.

Subjecting

SUBJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Reducing to submission; enslaving; exposing; submitting; causing to undergo.

Subjection

SUBJEC'TION, noun The act of subduing; the act of vanquishing and bringing under the dominion of another.

The conquest of the kingdom and the subjection of the rebelsÃ‚--

Hale.

2. The state of being under the power, control and government of another. The safety of life, liberty and property depends in our subjection to the laws. The isles of the West Indies are held in subjection to the powers of Europe. Our appetites and passions should be in subjection to our reason, and our will should be in entire subjection to the laws of God.

Subjective

SUBJECT'IVE, adjective Relating to the subject, as opposed to the object.

CertaintyÃ‚--is distinguished into objective and subjective; objective, is when the proposition is certainly true of itself; and subjective, is when we are certain of the truth of it.

Watts.

Subjectively

SUBJECT'IVELY, adverb In relation to the subject.

Pearson.

Subjoin

SUBJOIN', verb transitive [sub and join; Latin subjungo.] To add at the end; to add after something else has been said or written; as, to subjoin an argument or reason. [It is never used in a literal physical sense, to express the joining of material things.]

Subjoined

SUBJOIN'ED, participle passive Added after something else said or written.

Subjoining

SUBJOIN'ING, participle of the present tense Adding after something else said or written.

Subjugate

SUB'JUGATE, verb transitive [French subjuguer; Latin subjugo; sub and jugo, to yoke. See Yoke.]

To subdue and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another.

He subjugated a king, and called him his vassal.

Baker.

[Subjugate differs from subject only in implying a reduction to a more tyrannical or arbitrary sway; but they are often used as synonymous.]

Subjugated

SUB'JUGATED, participle passive Reduced to the absolute control of another.

Subjugating

SUB'JUGATING, participle of the present tense Conquering and bringing under the absolute power of another.

Subjugation

SUBJUGA'TION, noun The act of subduing and bringing under the power or absolute control of another.

Subjunction

SUBJUNC'TION, noun The act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.

Clarke.

Subjunctive

SUBJUNC'TIVE, adjective [Latin subjunctivus; French subjonctif; Italian soggiunto. See Subjoin.]

1. Subjoined or added to something before said or written.

2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow other verbs or words expressing condition, hypothesis or contingency; as, ``veni ut me videas,' I came that you may see me; ``Si fecerint aequum,' if they should do what is just.

3. Subjunctive is often used as a noun, denoting the subjunctive mode.

Sublanate

SUB'LANATE, adjective [Latin sub and lana, wool.]

In botany, somewhat woolly.

Sublapsarian

SUBLAPSA'RIAN, or SUBLAPS'ARY, adjective [Latin sub and lapsus, fall.] Done after the apostasy of Adam. [See the Noun.]

Sublapsarian

SUBLAPSA'RIAN, noun One who maintains the sublapsarian doctrine, that the sin of Adam's apostasy being imputed to all his posterity, God in compassion decreed to send his Son to rescue a great number from their lost state, and to accept of his obedience and death on their account. The decree of reprobation, according to the sublapsarians, is nothing but a preterition or non-election of persons, whom God left as he found, involved in the guilt of Adam's transgression without any personal sin, when he withdrew some others as guilty as they.

Hammond.

Sublapsarian is opposed to supralapsarian.

Sublation

SUBLA'TION, noun [Latin sublatio.] The act of taking or carrying away.

Bp. Hall.

Sublet

SUBLET', verb transitive [sub and let.] To underlet; to lease, as a lessee to another person. [Unusual.]

Smollett.

Sublevation

SUBLEVA'TION, noun [Latin sublevo.] The act of raising on high.

Sublieutenant

SUBLIEUTEN'ANT, noun An officer in the royal regiment of artillery and fusileers, in which are no ensigns, and who is the same as second lieutenant.

Eng.

Subligation

SUBLIGA'TION, noun [Latin subligo; sub and ligo, to bind.]

The act of binding underneath.

Sublimable

SUBLI'MABLE, adjective [from sublime.] That may be sublimated; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and again condensed by cold.

Sublimableness

SUBLI'MABLENESS, noun The quality of being sublimable.

Sublimate

SUB'LIMATE, verb transitive [from sublime.] To bring a solid substance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor by heat, which on cooling, returns again to the solid state. [See Sublimation.]

2. To refine and exalt; to highthen; to elevate.

And as his actions rose, so raise they still their vein,

In words whose weight best suits a sublimated strain.

Dryden.

Sublimate

SUB'LIMATE, noun The product of a sublimation. Corrosive sublimate is the muriate of mercury when it has undergone sublimation. It is one of the most virulent of the mineral poisons.

Blue sublimate, is a preparation of mercury with flower of brimstone and sal ammoniac; used in painting.

Sublimate

SUB'LIMATE, adjective Brought into a state of vapor by heat and again condensed, as solid substances.

Sublimated

SUB'LIMATED, participle passive Brought into a state of vapor by heat, as a solid substance; refined.

Sublimating

SUB'LIMATING, participle of the present tense Converting into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing; as solid substances.

Sublimation

SUBLIMA'TION, noun The operation of bringing a solid substance into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing it again into a solid by cold. Sublimation bears the same relation to a solid, that distillation does to a liquid. Both processes purify the substances to which they are severally applied, by separating them from the fixed and grosser matters with which they are connected.

2. Exaltation; elevation; act of highthening or improving.

Religion, the perfection, refinement and sub-limitation of morality.

South.

Sublime

SUBLI'ME, adjective [Latin sublimis; French Italian Spanish sublime.]

1. High in place; exalted aloft.

Sublime on these a tow'r of steel is rear'd.

Dryden.

2. High in excellence; exalted by nature; elevated.

Can it be that souls sublime

Return to visit our terrestrial clime?

Dryden.

3. High in style or sentiment; lofty; grand.

Easy in style thy work, in sense sublime.

Prior.

4. Elevated by joy; as sublime with expectation.

Milton.

5. Lofty of mein; elevated in manner.

His fair large front and eye sublime declar'd

Absolute rule.

Milton.

Sublime

SUBLI'ME, noun A grand or lofty style; a style that expresses lofty conceptions.

The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phraseÃ‚--

Addison.

Sublime

SUBLI'ME, verb transitive To sublimate, which see.

2. To raise on high.

Denham.

3. To exalt; to highten; to improve.

The sunÃ‚--

Which not alone the southern wit sublimes,

But ripens spirits in cold northern climes.

Pope.

Sublime

SUBLI'ME, verb intransitive To be brought or changed into a state of vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold, as a solid substance.

Particles of antimony which will not sublime alone.

Newton.

Sublimed

SUBLI'MED, participle passive Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and when cooled, changed to a solid state.

Sublimely

SUBLI'MELY, adverb With elevated conceptions; loftily; as, to express one's self sublimely.

In English lays, and all sublimely great,

Thy Homer charms with all his ancient heat.

Parnell.

Sublimeness

SUBLI'MENESS, noun Loftiness of style or sentiment; sublimity.

Subliming

SUBLI'MING, participle of the present tense Sublimating; exalting.

Sublimity

SUBLIM'ITY, noun [French sublimitÃƒ-©; Latin sublimitas.]

1. Elevation of place; lofty highth.

2. Highth in excellence; loftiness of nature or character; moral grandeur; as God's incomprehensible sublimity.

Raleigh.

The sublimity of the character of Christ owes nothing to his historians.

Buckminster.

3. In oratory and composition, lofty conceptions, or such conceptions expressed in corresponding language; loftiness of sentiment or style.

Milton's distinguishing excellence lies in the sublimity of his thoughts.

Addison.

Sublingual

SUBLIN'GUAL, adjective [Latin sub and lingua, the tongue.]

Situated under the tongue; as the sublingual glands.

Coxe.

Sublunar

SUBLU'NAR, or SUB'LUNARY, adjective [French sublunaire; Latin sub and luna, the moon.]

Literally, beneath the moon; but sublunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world.

All things sublunary are subject to change.

Dryden.

Subluxation

SUBLUXA'TION, noun [sub and luxation.]

In surgery, a violent sprain; also, an incomplete dislocation.

Submarine

SUBMARINE, adjective [Latin sub and marinus, from mare, the sea.]

Being, acting or growing under water in the sea; as submarine navigators; submarine plants.

Submaxillary

SUBMAX'ILLARY, adjective [Latin sub and maxilla, the jaw-bone.]

Situated under the jaw.

Med. Repos.

The submaxillary glands are two salivary glands, situated, one on either side, immediately within the angle of the lower jaw.

Wistar.

Submediant

SUBME'DIANT, noun In music, the sixth note, or middle note between the octave and subdominant.

Busby.

Submerge

SUBMERGE, v. t. submerj'. [Latin submergo; sub and mergo, to plunge.]

1. To put under water; to plunge.

2. To cover or overflow with water; to drown.

So half my Egypt was submerg'd.

Shak.

Submerge

SUBMERGE, v. i. submerj'. To plunge under water, as swallows.

Submerged

SUBMERG'ED, participle passive Put under water; overflowed.

Submerging

SUBMERG'ING, participle of the present tense Putting under water; overflowing.

Submerse

SUBMERSE, or SUBMERS'ED, adjective submers'. [Latin submersus.] Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

Submersion

SUBMER'SION, noun [French from Latin submersus.]

1. The act of putting under water or causing to be overflowed; as the submersion of an isle or tract of land.

Hale.

2. The act of plunging under water; the act of drowning.

Subminister

SUBMIN'ISTER, or SUBMIN'ISTRATE, verb transitive [Latin subministro; sub and ministro.]

To supply; to afford. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Subminister

SUBMIN'ISTER, verb intransitive To subserve; to be useful to.

Our passionsÃ‚--subminister to the best and worst of purposes.

L'Estrange.

[Not in use.] [See Minister and Administer.]

Subministrant

SUBMIN'ISTRANT, adjective Subservient; serving in subordination. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Subministration

SUBMINISTRA'TION, noun The act of furnishing or supplying. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Submiss

SUBMISS', adjective [Latin submissus, submitto.] Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.]

Milton.

Submission

SUBMIS'SION, noun [Latin submissio, from submitto; French soumission; Italian sommessione.]

1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another.

Submission. dauphin! 'tis a mere French word;

We English warriors wot not what it means.

Shak.

2. Acknowledgement of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior.

In all submission and humility,

York doth present himself unto your highness.

Shak.

3. Acknowledgment of a fault; confession of error.

Be not as extreme in submission, as in offense.

Shak.

4. Obedience; compliance with the commands or laws of a superior. Submission of children to their parents is an indispensable duty.

5. Resignation; a yielding of one's will to the will or appointment of a superior without murmuring. Entire and cheerful submission to the will of God is a christian duty of prime excellence.

Submissive

SUBMISS'IVE, adjective Yielding to the will or power of another; obedient.

2. Humble; acknowledging one's inferiority; testifying one's submission.

Her at his feet submissive in distress,

He thus with peaceful words uprais'd.

Milton.

Submissively

SUBMISS'IVELY, adverb With submission; with acknowledgment of inferiority; humbly.

The goddess,

Soft in her tone, submissively replies.

Dryden.

Submissiveness

SUBMISS'IVENESS, noun A submissive temper or disposition.

2. Humbleness; acknowledgment of inferiority.

3. Confession of fault.

Frailty gets pardon by submissiveness.

Herbert.

Submissly

SUBMISS'LY, adverb Humbly; with submission. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Submissness

SUBMISS'NESS, noun Humbleness; obedience. [Little used.]

Burton.

Submit

SUBMIT', verb transitive [Latin submitto; sub, under, and mitto, to send; French soumettre; Italian sommettere; Spanish someter.]

1. To let down; to cause to sink or lower.

Sometimes the hill submits itself a while.

Dryden.

[This use of the word is nearly or wholly obsolete.]

2. To yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority of another; with the reciprocal pronoun.

Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hand. Genesis 16.

Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands. Ephesians 5.

Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man. 1 Peter 2.

3. To refer; to leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of another; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court.

Submit

SUBMIT', verb intransitive To surrender; to yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance. The enemy submitted.

The revolted provinces presently submitted.

Middleton.

2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion or authority of another. On hearing the opinion of the court, the counsel submitted without further argument.

3. To be subject; to acquiesce in the authority of another.

To thy husband's will

Thine shall submitÃ‚--

Milton.

4. To be submissive; to yield without murmuring.

Our religion requires usÃ‚--to submit to pain, disgrace and even death.

Rogers.

Submitted

SUBMIT'TED, participle passive Surrendered; resigned; yielded; referred.

Submitter

SUBMIT'TER, noun One who submits.

Submitting

SUBMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Surrendering; resigning; yielding; referring to another for decision.

Submultiple

SUBMUL'TIPLE, noun [See Multiply.] A number or quantity which is contained in another a certain number of times, or is an aliquot part of it. Thus 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times. The word is used as an adjective also; as a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.

Cyc.

Subnascent

SUBNAS'CENT, adjective [Latin sub and nascor.] Growing underneath.

Subnect

SUBNECT', verb transitive [Latin subnecto.] To tie, buckle or fasten beneath. [Not in use.]

Pope.

Subnormal

SUBNOR'MAL, noun [Latin sub and norma, a rule.]

A subperpendicular, or a line under the perpendicular to a curve.

Subnude

SUBNU'DE, adjective [Latin sub and nudus, naked.]

In botany, almost naked or bare of leaves.

Lee.

Subobscurely

SUBOBSCU'RELY, adverb Somewhat obscurely or darkly.

Donne.

Suboccipital

SUBOCCIP'ITAL, adjective Being under the occiput; as the suboccipital nerves.

Parr.

Suboctave

SUBOC'TAVE, or SUBOC'TUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and octavus or octuple.] Containing one part of eight.

Wilkins. Arbuthnot.

Subocular

SUBOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin sub and oculus.] Being under the eye.

Barrow.

Suborbicular

SUBORBIC'ULAR, or SUBORBIC'ULATE, adjective [Latin sub and orbiculatus.] Almost orbiculate or orbicular; nearly circular.

Martyn. Say.

Subordinacy

SUBOR'DINACY, noun [See Subordinate.]

1. The state of being subordinate or subject to control; as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason.

Spectator.

2. Series of subordination. [Little used.]

Temple.

Subordinancy

SUBOR'DINANCY, noun [Not in use. See Subordinacy.]

Subordinate

SUBOR'DINATE, adjective [Latin sub and ordinatus, from ordo, order.]

1. Inferior in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance, &c.; as subordinate officers.

It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding.

South.

2. Descending in a regular series.

The several kinds and subordinate species of each, are easily distinguished.

Woodward.

Subordinate

SUBOR'DINATE, verb transitive To place in an order or rank below something else; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another; to subordinate temporal to spiritual things.

2. To make subject; as, to subordinate the passions to reason.

Scott.

Subordinated

SUBOR'DINATED, participle passive Placed in an inferior rank; considered as of inferior importance; subjected.

Subordinately

SUBOR'DINATELY, adverb In a lower rank or of inferior importance.

2. In a series regularly descending.

Decay of Piety.

Subordination

SUBORDINA'TION, noun [French See Subordinate.]

1. The state of being inferior to another; inferiority of rank or dignity.

2. A series regularly descending.

Natural creatures having a local subordinationÃ‚--

Holiday.

3. Place of rank among inferiors.

Ã‚--Persons, who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors.

Swift.

4. Subjection; state of being under control or government.

The most glorious military achievments would be a calamity and a curse, if purchased at the expense of habits of subordination and love of order.

J. Evarts.

Suborn

SUBORN', verb transitive [French suborner; Italian subornare; Spanish subornar; Latin suborno; sub and orno. The sense of orno, in this word, and the primary sense, is to put on, to furnish. Hence suborno, to furnish privately, that is, to bribe.]

1. In law, to procure a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.

Blackstone.

2. To procure privately or by collusion.

Or else thou art suborn'd against his honor.

Shak.

3. To procure by indirect means.

Those who by despair suborn their death.

Dryden.

Subornation

SUBORNA'TION, noun [French] In law, the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.

Blackstone.

2. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action.

Shak. Swift.

Suborned

SUBORN'ED, participle passive Procured to take a false oath, or to do a bad action.

Suborner

SUBORN'ER, noun One who procures another to take a false oath, or to do a bad action.

Suborning

SUBORN'ING, participle of the present tense Procuring one to take a false oath, or to do a criminal action.

Subovate

SUBO'VATE, adjective [Latin sub and ovatus, from ovum, an egg.]

Almost ovate; nearly in the form of an egg.

Martyn.

Subpena

SUBPE'NA, noun [Latin sub and poena, pain, penalty.]

A writ commanding the attendance in court of the person on whom it is served; as witnesses, &c.

Subpena

SUBPE'NA, verb transitive To serve with a writ of subpena; to command attendance in court by a legal writ.

Subperpendicular

SUBPERPENDIC'ULAR, noun [sub and perpendicular.]

A subnormal, which see.

Subpetiolate

SUBPET'IOLATE, adjective [sub and petiole.] In botany, having a very short petiole.

Martyn.

Subprior

SUBPRI'OR, noun [sub and prior.] The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the prior.

South. Cyc.

Subpurchaser

SUBPUR'CHASER, noun A purchaser who buys of a purchaser.

Subquadrate

SUBQUAD'RATE, adjective Nearly square.

Say.

Subquadruple

SUBQUAD'RUPLE, adjective [sub and quadruple.]

Containing one part of four; as subquadruple proportion.

Wilkins.

Subquinquefid

SUBQUIN'QUEFID, adjective [sub and quinquefid.] Almost quinquefid.

Lee.

Subquintuple

SUBQUIN'TUPLE, adjective [sub and quintuple.] Containing one part of five; as subquintuple proportion.

Wilkins.

Subramous

SUBRA'MOUS, adjective [Latin sub and ramosus, full of branches.]

In botany, having few branches.

Lee.

Subrector

SUBREC'TOR, noun [sub and rector.] A rector's deputy or substitute.

Walton.

Subreption

SUBREP'TION, noun [Latin subreptio, from subrepo, to creep under.]

The act of obtaining a favor by surprise or unfair representation, that is, by suppression or fraudulent concealment of facts.

Dict.

Subreptitious

SUBREPTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin surreptitius, supra.]

Falsely crept in; fraudulently obtained. [See Surreptitious.]

Subrogate

SUB'ROGATE, verb transitive [Latin subrogo.] To put in the place of another. [Not in use. See Surrogate.]

Subrogation

SUBROGA'TION, noun In the civil law, the substituting of one person in the place of another and giving him his rights.

Encyc.

Subrotund

SUBROTUND', adjective [Latin sub and rotundus, round.] Almost round.

Lee.

Subsaline

SUBSALI'NE, adjective Moderately saline or salt.

Encyc.

Subsalt

SUB'SALT, noun A salt with less acid than is sufficient to neutralize its radicals; or a salt having an excess of the base.

Dict.

Subscapular

SUBSCAP'ULAR, adjective [Latin sub and scapula.]

The subscapular artery is the large branch of the axillary artery, which rises near the lowest margin of the scapula.

Cyc.

Subscribe

SUBSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin subscribo; sub and scribo, to write; French souscrire; Italian soscrivere; Spanish subscribir.] Literally, to write underneath. Hence,

1. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to something written, or to bind one's self by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond or articles of agreement.

2. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts; and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies of records.

3. To promise to give by writing one's name; as, each man subscribed ten dollars or ten shillings.

4. To submit. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Subscribe

SUBSCRI'BE, verb intransitive To promise to give a certain sum by setting one's name to a paper. The paper was offered and many subscribed.

2. To assent; as, I could not subscribe to his opinion.

Subscribed

SUBSCRI'BED, participle passive Having a name or names written underneath. The petition is subscribed by two thousand persons.

2. Promised by writing the name and sum. A large sum is subscribed.

Subscriber

SUBSCRI'BER, noun One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.

2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map and the like.

Subscribing

SUBSCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Writing one's name underneath; assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath; entering one's name as a purchaser.

Subscription

SUBSCRIP'TION, noun [Latin subscriptio.] Any thing, particularly a paper, with names subscribed.

2. The act of subscribing or writing one's name underneath; name subscribed; signature.

3. Consent or attestation given by underwriting the name.

4. The act of contributing to any undertaking.

5. Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed. We speak of an individual subscription, or of the whole subscription to a fund.

6. Submission; obedience. [Not in use.]

Subsection

SUBSEC'TION, noun [Latin sub and sectio.] The part or division of a section; a subdivision; the section of a section.

Dict.

Subsecutive

SUBSEC'UTIVE, adjective [Latin subsequor, subsecutus.]

Following in a train or succession. [Little used.]

Subsemitone

SUBSEM'ITONE, noun In music, the sharp seventh or sensible of any key.

Subseptuple

SUBSEP'TUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and septuplus.]

Containing one of seven parts.

Wilkins.

Subsequence

SUB'SEQUENCE, noun [Latin subsequor, subsequens: sub and sequor, to follow.]

A following; a state of coming after something.

Grew.

Subsequent

SUB'SEQUENT, adjective [French from Latin subsequens, supra.]

1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely; as subsequent events; subsequent ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.

2. Following in the order of place or succession; succeeding; as a subsequent clause in a treaty. What is obscure in a passage may be illustrated by subsequent words.

Subsequently

SUB'SEQUENTLY, adverb At a later time; in time after something else. Nothing was done at the first meeting; what was subsequently transacted, I do not know.

2. After something else in order. These difficulties will be subsequently explained.

Subserve

SUBSERVE, v. t. subserv.' [Latin subservio; sub and servio, to serve.]

To serve in subordination; to serve instrumentally. In most engines, we make the laws of matter subserve the purposes of art.

Not made to rule,

But to subserve where wisdom bears command.

Milton.

Subservience

SUBSERV'IENCE, or SUBSERV'IENCY, noun Instrumental use; use or operation that promotes some purpose.

Ã‚--The body, wherein appears much fitness, use and subserviency to infinite functions.

Bentley.

There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts to beneficial ends.

Cheyne.

Subservient

SUBSERV'IENT, adjective [Latin subserviens.] Useful as an instrument to promote a purpose; serving to promote some end.

Hammond had an incredible dexterity, scarcely ever reading any thing which he did not make subservient in one kind or other.

Fell.

2. Subordinate; acting as a subordinate instrument. These are the creatures of God, subordinate to him, and subservient to his will.

These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another.

Ray.

Subserviently

SUBSERV'IENTLY, adverb In a subservient manner.

Subsessile

SUBSES'SILE, adjective [Latin sub and sessilis.] In botany, almost sessile; having very short footstalks.

Martyn. Lee.

Subsextuple

SUBSEX'TUPLE, adjective [Latin sub and sextuplus.] Containing one part in six.

Wilkins.

Subside

SUBSI'DE, verb intransitive [Latin subsido; sub and sido, to settle. See Set.]

1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle; as lees.

2. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to become tranquil. Let the passions subside. The tumults of war will subside. Christ commanded, and the storm subsided.

3. To tend downwards; to sink; as a subsiding hill. The land subsides into a plain.

4. To abate; to be reduced.

In cases of danger, pride and envy naturally subside.

Middleton.

Subsidence

SUBSI'DENCE, or SUBSI'DENCY, noun The act or process of sinking or falling, as the less of liquors.

2. The act of sinking or gradually descending, as ground.

Burnet.

Subsidiary

SUBSID'IARY, adjective [French subsidiaire; Latin subsidiarius. See Subsidy.]

1. Aiding; assistant; furnishing help. Subsidiary troops are troops of one nation hired by another for military service.

2. Furnishing additional supplies; as a subsidiary stream.

Subsidiary

SUBSID'IARY, noun An assistant; an auxiliary; he or that which contributes aid or additional supplies.

Stephens.

Subsidize

SUB'SIDIZE, verb transitive [from subsidy.] To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of another by the payment of a subsidy to him. Great Britain subsidized some of the German powers in the late war with France.

Subsidized

SUB'SIDIZED, participle passive Engaged as an auxiliary by means of a subsidy.

Subsidizing

SUB'SIDIZING, participle of the present tense Purchasing the assistance of by subsidies.

Subsidy

SUB'SIDY, noun [French subside; Latin subsidium, from subsido, literally to be or sit under or by.]

1. Aid in money; supply given; a tax; something furnished for aid, as by the people to their prince; as the subsidies granted formerly to the kings of England.

Subsidies were a tax, not immediately on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d. for goods.

Blackstone.

2. A sum of money paid by one prince or nation to another, to purchase the service of auxiliary troops, or the aid of such foreign prince in a war against an enemy. Thus Great Britain paid subsidies to Austria and Prussia, to engage them to resist the progress of the French.

Subsign

SUBSIGN, v. t. subsi'ne. [Latin subsigno; sub and signo, to sign.]

To sign under; to write beneath. [Little used.]

Camden.

Subsignation

SUBSIGNA'TION, noun The act of writing the name under something for attestation. [Little used.]

Subsist

SUBSIST', verb intransitive [French subsister; Italian sussistere; Spanish subsistir; Latin subsisto; sub and sisto, to stand, to be fixed.]

1. To be; to have existence; applicable to matter or spirit.

2. To continue; to retain the present state.

Firm we subsist, but possible to swerve.

Milton.

3. To live; to be maintained with food and clothing. How many of the human race subsist on the labors of others! How many armies have subsisted on plunder!

4. To inhere; to have existence by means of something else; as qualities that subsist in substances.

Subsist

SUBSIST', verb transitive To feed; to maintain; to support with provisions. The king subsisted his troops on provisions plundered from the enemy.

Subsistence

SUBSIST'ENCE, or SUBSIST'ENCY, noun [French subsistence: Italian sussistenza.] Real being; as a chain of differing subsistencies.

Glanville.

Not only the things had subsistence, but the very images were of some creatures existing.

Stillingfleet.

2. Competent provisions; means of supporting life.

His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province.

Addison.

3. That which supplies the means of living; as money, pay or wages.

4. Inherence in something else; as the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

Subsistent

SUBSIST'ENT, adjective [Latin subsistens.] Having real being; as a subsistent spirit.

Brown.

2. Inherent; as qualities subsistent in matter.

Bentley.

Subsoil

SUB'SOIL, noun [sub and soil.] The bed or stratum of earth which lies between the surface soil and the base on which they rest.

Cyc.

Subspecies

SUBSPE'CIES, noun [sub and species.] A subordinate species; a division of a species.

Thomson.

Substance

SUB'STANCE, noun [French; Italian sustanza; Spanish substancia; Latin substantia, substo; sub and sto, to stand.]

1. In a general sense, being; something existing by itself; that which really is or exists; equally applicable to matter or spirit. Thus the soul of man is called an immaterial substance, a cogitative substance, a substance endued with thought. We say, a stone is a hard substance; tallow is a soft substance.

2. That which supports accidents.

That which subsists by itself is called substance; that which subsists in and by another, is called a mode or manner of being.

Watts.

3. The essential part; the main or material part. In this epitome, we have the substance of the whole book.

This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.

Burnet.

4. Something real, not imaginary; something solid, not empty.

Heroic virtue did his actions guide,

And he the substance, not th' appearance chose.

Dryden.

5. Body; corporeal nature or matter.

The qualities of plants are more various than those of animal substances.

Arbuthnot.

6. Goods; estate; means of living. Job's substance was seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, &c. Job 1.

We areÃ‚--exhausting our substance, but not for our own interest.

Swift.

Substantial

SUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective Belonging to substance; real; actually existing.

If this atheist would have his chance to be a real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar.

Bentley.

2. Real; solid; true; not seeming or imaginary.

If happiness be a substantial good.

Denham.

The substantial ornaments of virtue.

L'Estrange.

3. Corporeal; material.

The rainbow appears like a substantial arch in the sky.

Watts.

4. Having substance; strong; stout; solid; as substantial cloth; a substantial fence or gate.

5. Possessed of goods or estate; responsible; moderately wealthy; as a substantial freeholder or farmer; a substantial citizen.

Addison.

Substantiality

SUBSTANTIAL'ITY, noun The state of real existence.

2. Corporeity; materiality.

The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality.

Glanville.

Substantially

SUBSTAN'TIALLY, adverb In the manner of a substance; with reality of existence.

In him his Father shone, substantially express'd.

Milton.

2. Strongly; solidly.

Clarendon.

3. Truly; solidly; really.

The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe them, substantially religious towards God, chaste and temperate.

Tillotson.

4. In substance; in the main; essentially. This answer is substantially the same as that before given.

5. With competent goods or estate.

Substantialness

SUBSTAN'TIALNESS, noun The state of being substantial.

2. Firmness; strength; power of holding or lasting; as the substantialness of a wall or column.

Wotton.

Substantials

SUBSTAN'TIALS, n. plu. Essential parts.

Ayliffe.

Substantiate

SUBSTAN'TIATE, verb transitive To make to exist.

Ayliffe.

2. To establish by proof or competent evidence; to verify; to make good; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration.

Canning. Adams. Dexter. Chaldee Obs.

Substantive

SUB'STANTIVE, adjective Betokening existence; as the substantive verb.

Arbuthnot.

2. Solid; depending on itself. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Substantive

SUB'STANTIVE, noun In grammar, a noun or name; the part of speech which expresses something that exists, either material or immaterial. Thus man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are substantives. [Better called name, Latin nomen, or even noun, a corruption of nomen.]

Substantively

SUB'STANTIVELY, adverb In substance; essentially.

2. In grammar, as a name or noun. An adjective or pronoun may be used substantively.

Substile

SUB'STILE, noun [sub and stile.] The line of a dial on which the stile is erected.

Encyc.

Substitute

SUB'STITUTE, verb transitive [French substituer; Italian sustituire; Spanish substituir; Latin substituo; sub and statuo, to set.] To put in the place of another.

Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others.

Congreve.

Substitute

SUB'STITUTE, noun One person put in the place of another to answer the same purpose. A person may be a substitute with full powers to act for another in an office.

Representatives in legislation are the substitutes of their constituents. The orthodox creed of christians is that Christ died as the substitute of sinners.

2. One thing put in the place of another. If you have not one medicine, use another as its substitute.

Substitution

SUBSTITU'TION, noun The act of putting one person or thing in the place of another to supply its place; as the substitution of an agent, attorney or representative to act for one in his absence; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver, as a circulating medium.

2. In grammar, syllepsis, or the use of one word for another.

Substract

SUBSTRACT', verb transitive [Latin subtraho, subtractum.] To subtract.

NOTE.Ã‚--Substract was formerly used in analogy with abstract. But in modern usage, it is written according to the Latin, subtract. See this word and its derivatives.

Substraction

SUBSTRAC'TION, noun In law, the withdrawing or withholding of some right. Thus the substraction of conjugal rights, is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate. The substraction of a legacy, is the withholding or detaining of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty or custom, is a substraction, for which the law gives a remedy.

Blackstone.

Substratum

SUBSTRA'TUM, noun [Latin substratus, spread under; sub and sterno.]

1. That which is laid or spread under; a layer of earth lying under another. In agriculture, the subsoil.

Cyc.

2. In metaphysics, the matter or substance supposed to furnish the basis in which the perceptible qualities inhere.

Substruction

SUBSTRUC'TION, noun [Latin substructio.] Under building.

Wotton.

Substructure

SUBSTRUC'TURE, noun [Latin sub and structure.] An under structure; a foundation.

Substylar

SUBSTY'LAR, adjective In dialing, the substylar line, is a right line on which the gnomon or style is erected at right angles with the plane.

Dict.

Substyle

SUB'STYLE, noun [sub and style.] In dialing, the line on which the gnomon stands.

Subsulphate

SUBSULPH'ATE, noun A sulphate with an excess of the base.

Thomson.

Subsultive

SUBSULT'IVE, or SUBSULT'ORY, adjective [from Latin subsultus, a leap, from subsulto; sub and salio.]

Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts, or by twitches.

Subsultorily

SUBSULT'ORILY, adverb In a bounding manner; by leaps, starts or twitches.

Bacon.

Subsultus

SUBSULT'US, noun [Latin] In medicine, a twitching or convulsive motion; as subsultus tendinum.

Coxe.

Subsume

SUBSU'ME, verb transitive [Latin sub and sumo.] To assume as a position by consequence. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Subtangent

SUBTAN'GENT, noun In geometry, the part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.

Subtend

SUBTEND', verb transitive [Latin sub and tendo, to stretch.]

To extend under; as the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; to subtend the chord of an arch. A line from the eye to a planet, subtends an angle of 40 degrees with the horizon.

Subtended

SUBTEND'ED, participle passive Extended under.

Subtending

SUBTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Extending under.

Subtense

SUBTENSE, n. subtens'. [Latin sub and tensus.] The chord of an arch or arc.

Subtepid

SUBTEP'ID, adjective [Latin sub and tepidus, warm.] Moderately warm.

Subter

SUB'TER, a Latin preposition, signifies under.

Subterfluent

SUBTER'FLUENT, or SUBTER'FLUOUS, adjective [Latin subterfluens, subterfluo.] Running under or beneath.

Subterfuge

SUB'TERFUGE, noun [French from Latin subter and fugio, to flee.]

Literally, that to which a person resorts for escape or concealment; hence, a shift; an evasion; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct.

Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument.

Watts.

Subterrane

SUBTERRA'NE, noun [infra.] A cave or room under ground.

Bryant.

Subterranean

SUBTERRA'NEAN, or SUBTERRA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin subter, under, and terra, earth; French souterrain; Italian sotterraneo.]

Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth or under ground; as subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage.

[Subterraneal and Subterrany, are not in use.]

Subterranity

SUBTERRA'NITY, noun A place under ground. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Subterrany

SUB'TERRANY, noun What lies under ground. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Subtil

SUB'TIL, adjective [French subtil; Latin subtilis; Italian sottile. This word is often written subtle, but less properly.]

1. Thin; not dense or gross; as subtil air; subtil vapor; a subtil medium.

2. Nice; fine; delicate.

I do distinguish plain

Each subtil line of her immortal face.

Davies.

3. Acute; piercing; as subtil pain.

Prior.

4. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; insinuating; as a subtil person; a subtil adversary.

5. Planned by art; deceitful; as a subtil scheme.

6. Deceitful; treacherous.

Shak.

7. Refined; fine; acute; as a subtil argument.

Subtiliate

SUBTIL'IATE, verb transitive To make thin. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Subtiliation

SUBTILIA'TION, noun The act of making thin or rare. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Subtility

SUBTIL'ITY, noun Fineness.

Smellie.

Subtilization

SUBTILIZA'TION, noun [from subtilize.]

1. The act of making subtil, fine or thin. In the laboratory, the operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.

Cheyne.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness.

Subtilize

SUB'TILIZE, verb transitive [French subtiliser, from Latin subtilis.]

1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

Cheyne.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments.

Subtilize

SUB'TILIZE, verb intransitive To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions.

In whatever manner the papist might subtilizeÃ‚--

Milner.

Subtilly

SUB'TILLY, adverb Thinly; not densely.

2. Finely; not grossly or thickly.

The opakest bodies, if subtilly dividedÃ‚--become perfectly transparent.

Newton.

3. Artfully; cunningly; craftily; as a scheme subtilly contrived.

Subtilness

SUB'TILNESS, noun Thinness; rareness; as the subtilness of air.

2. Fineness; acuteness; as the subtilness of an argument.

3. Cunning; artfulness; as the subtilness of a foe.

Subtilty

SUB'TILTY, noun [French subtilitÃƒ-©; Latin subtilitas.]

1. Thinness; fineness; exility; in a physical sense; as the subtilty of air or light; the subtilty of sounds.

Bacon. Grew.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness.

Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtilty in nice divisions.

Locke.

3. Slyness in design; cunning; artifice; usually but less properly written subtlety.

Subtle

SUB'TLE, adjective [See Subtil.] Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; applied to persons; as a subtle foe.

2. Cunningly devised; as a subtle stratagem.

Subtly

SUB'TLY, adverb Slyly; artfully; cunningly.

Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise.

Milton.

2. Nicely; delicately.

In the nice bee, what sense so subtly true.

Pope.

Subtract

SUBTRACT', verb transitive [Latin subtraho, subtractus: sub and traho, to draw.]

To withdraw or take a part from the rest; to deduct. Subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.

Subtracted

SUBTRACT'ED, participle passive Withdrawn from the rest; deducted.

Subtracter

SUBTRACT'ER, noun He that subtracts.

2. The number to be taken from a larger number. [Not used.] [See Subtrahend.]

Subtracting

SUBTRACT'ING, participle of the present tense Withdrawing from the rest; deducting.

Subtraction

SUBTRAC'TION, noun [Latin subtractio.] The act or operation of taking a part from the rest.

2. In arithmetic, the taking of a lesser number from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation by which is found the difference between two sums.

Subtractive

SUBTRACT'IVE, adjective Tending or having power to subtract.

Subtrahend

SUBTRAHEND', noun In arithmetic, the sum or number to be subtracted or taken from another.

Subtrifid

SUBTRI'FID, adjective Slightly trifid.

Martyn.

Subtriple

SUBTRIP'LE, adjective [sub and triple.] Containing a third or one part of three.

Wilkins.

Subtriplicate

SUBTRIP'LICATE, adjective In the ratio of the cubes.

Subtutor

SUBTU'TOR, noun [sub and tutor.] An under tutor.

Burnet.

Subulate

SUB'ULATE, adjective [Latin subula, an awl.] In botany, shaped like an awl; awl-shaped.

A subulate leaf, is linear at the bottom, but gradually tapering towards the end.

Martyn.

Suburb

SUB'URB, or SUB'URBS, noun [Latin suburbium; sub and urbs, a city.]

1. A building without the walls of a city, but near them; or more generally, the parts that lie without the walls, but in the vicinity of a city. The word may signify buildings, streets or territory. We say, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden is situated in the suburbs of London or Paris.

2. The confines; the out part.

The suburb of their straw-built citadel.

Milton.

Suburban

SUBURB'AN, adjective [Latin suburbanus. See Suburbs.] Inhabiting or being in the suburbs of a city.

Suburbed

SUB'URBED, adjective Bordering on a suburb; having a suburb on its out part.

Carew.

Suburbicarian

SUBURBICA'RIAN, or SUBURB'ICARY, adjective [Low Latin suburbicarius.] Being in the suburbs; an epithet applied to the provinces of Italy which composed the ancient diocese of Rome.

Barrow.

Subvariety

SUBVARI'ETY, noun [sub and variety.] A subordinate variety, or division of a variety.

Mineralogy.

Subventaneous

SUBVENTA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin subventaneus; sub and ventus.] Addle; windy. [A bad word and not in use.]

Brown.

Subvention

SUBVEN'TION, noun [Latin subvenio.] The act of coming under.

2. The act of coming to relief; support; aid. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Subverse

SUBVERSE, v. t. subvers'. To subvert. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Subversion

SUBVER'SION, noun [French from Latin subversio. See Subvert.]

Entire overthrow; an overthrow of the foundation; utter ruin; as the subversion of a government or state; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution or laws; the subversion of an empire.

Subversive

SUBVERS'IVE, adjective Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin. Every immorality is subversive of private happiness. Public corruption of morals is subversive of public happiness.

Subvert

SUBVERT', verb transitive [Latin subverto; sub and verto, to turn; French Spanish subvertir; Italian sovvertere.]

1. To overthrow from the foundation; to overturn; to ruin utterly. The northern nations of Europe subverted the Roman empire. He is the worst enemy of man, who endeavors to subvert the christian religion. The elevation of corrupt men to office will slowly, but surely, subvert a republican government.

This would subvert the principles of all knowledge.

Locke.

2. To corrupt; to confound; to pervert the mind, and turn it from the truth. 2 Timothy 2.

Subverted

SUBVERT'ED, participle passive Overthrown; overturned; entirely destroyed.

Subverter

SUBVERT'ER, noun One who subverts; an overthrower.

Subverting

SUBVERT'ING, participle of the present tense Overthrowing; entirely destroying.

Subworker

SUBWORK'ER, noun [sub and worker.] A subordinate worker or helper.

South.

Succedaneous

SUCCEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin succedaneus; sub and cedo.]

Supplying the place of something else: being or employed as a substitute.

Boyle.

Succedaneum

SUCCEDA'NEUM, noun [supra.] That which is used for something else; a substitute.

Warburton.

Succede

SUCCE'DE, or SUCCEE'D, verb transitive The first is the more analogical spelling, as in concede, recede. [French succeder; Italian succedere; Spanish suceder; Latin succedo; sub and cedo, to give way, to pass.]

1. To follow in order; to take the place which another has left; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne.

John Adams succeeded Gen. Washington in the presidency of the United States. Lewis XVIII. of France has lately deceased, and is succeeded by his brother Charles X.

2. To follow; to come after; to be subsequent or consequent.

Those destructive effects succeeded the curse.

Brown.

3. To prosper; to make successful.

Succeed my wish, and second my design.

Dryden.

Succeed

SUCCEE'D, verb intransitive To follow in order.

Not another comfort like to this,

Succeeds in unknown fate.

Shak.

2. To come in the place of one that has died or quitted the place, or of that which has preceded. Day succeeds to night, and night to day.

Enjoy till I return

Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed.

Milton.

Revenge succeeds to love, and rage to grief.

Dryden.

3. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous termination. The enemy attempted to take the fort by storm, but did not succeed. The assault was violent, but the attempt did not succeed.

It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition.

Dryden.

4. To terminate with advantage; to have a good effect.

Spenser endeavored imitation in the Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English.

Dryden.

5. To go under cover.

Or will you to the cooler cave succeed? [Not much used.]

Dryden.

Succeeded

SUCCEE'DED, participle passive Followed in order; prospered; attended with success.

Succeeder

SUCCEE'DER, noun One that follows or comes in the place of another; a successor. [But the latter word is generally used.]

Succeeding

SUCCEE'DING, participle of the present tense Following in order; subsequent; coming after; as in all succeeding ages. He attended to the business in every succeeding stage of its progress.

2. Taking the place of another who has quitted the place, or is dead; as a son succeeding his father; an officer succeeding his predecessor.

3. Giving success; prospering.

Succeeding

SUCCEE'DING, noun The act or state of prospering or having success. There is a good prospect of his succeeding.

Success

SUCCESS', noun [French succÃƒ-¨s; Latin successus, from succedo.]

1. The favorable or prosperous termination of any thing attempted; a termination which answers the purpose intended; properly in a good sense, but often in a bad sense.

Or teach with more success her son,

The vices of the time to shun.

Waller.

Every reasonable man cannot but wish me success in this attempt.

Tillotson.

Be not discouraged in a laudable undertaking at the ill success of the first attempt.

Anon.

Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people.

Atterbury.

2. Succession. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

[Note. Success without an epithet, generally means a prosperous issue.]

Successful

SUCCESS'FUL, adjective Terminating in accomplishing what is wished or intended; having the desired effect; hence, in a good

sense, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as a successful application of medicine; a successful experiment in chimistry or in agriculture; a successful enterprise.

2. In a bad sense; as a successful attempt to subvert the constitution.

Successfully

SUCCESS'FULLY, adverb With a favorable termination of what is attempted; prosperously; favorably.

A reformation successfully carried onÃ‚--

Swift.

Successfulness

SUCCESS'FULNESS, noun Prosperous conclusion; favorable event; success.

Hammond.

Succession

SUCCES'SION, noun [French from Latin successio.]

1. A following of things in order; consecution; series of things following one another, either in time or place. Thus we speak of a succession of events in chronology, a succession of kings or bishops, and a succession of words or sentences.

2. The act of succeeding or coming in the place of another; as, this happened after the succession of that prince to the throne. So we speak of the succession of heirs to the estates of their ancestors, or collateral succession.

3. Lineage; an order or series of descendants.

A long succession must ensue.

Milton.

4. The power or right of coming to the inheritance of ancestors. He holds the property by the title of succession.

What people is so void of common sense, To vote succession from a native prince?

Dryden.

Succession of crops, in agriculture, is more generally called rotation.

Successive

SUCCESS'IVE, adjective [French successif; Italian successivo.]

1. Following in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of persons or things, and either in time or place; as the successive revolutions of years or ages; the successive kings of Egypt. The author holds this strain of declamation through seven successive pages or chapters.

Send the successive ills through ages down.

Prior.

2. Inherited by succession; as a successive title; a successive empire. [Little used.]

Shak. Raleigh.

Successively

SUCCESS'IVELY, adverb In a series or order, one following another. He left three sons, who all reigned successively.

The whiteness at length changed successively into blue, indigo and violet.

Newton.

Successiveness

SUCCESS'IVENESS, noun The state of being successive.

Hale.

Successless

SUCCESS'LESS, adjective Having no success; unprosperous; unfortunate; failing to accomplish what was intended.

Successless all her soft caresses prove.

Pope.

Best temper'd steel successless prov'd in field.

Phillips.

Successlessness

SUCCESS'LESSNESS, noun Unprosperous conclusion.

Boyle.

Successor

SUCCESS'OR, noun [Latin] One that succeeds or follows; one that takes the place which another has left, and sustains the like part or character; correlative to predecessor; as the successor of a deceased king; the successor of a president or governor; a man's son and successor.

A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels, without naming their successors, vests an absolute property in them so long as the corporation subsists.

Blackstone.

Succiduous

SUCCID'UOUS, adjective [Latin succiduus; sub and cado.] Ready to fall; falling. [Little used.]

Succiferous

SUCCIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin succus, juice, and fero, to bear.] Producing or conveying sap.

Succinate

SUC'CINATE, noun [from Latin succinum, amber.] A salt formed by the succinic acid and a base.

Succinated

SUC'CINATED, adjective Impregnated with the acid of amber.

Succinct

SUCCINCT', adjective [Latin succinctus; sub and cingo, to surround.]

1. Tucked up; girded up; drawn up to permit the legs to be free.

His habit fit for speed succinct.

Milton.

[Little used.]

2. Compressed into a narrow compass; short; brief; concise; as a succinct account of the proceedings of the council.

Let all your precepts be succinct and clear.

Roscommon.

Succinctly

SUCCINCT'LY, adverb Briefly; concisely. The facts were succinctly stated.

Succinctness

SUCCINCT'NESS, noun Brevity; conciseness; as the succinctness of a narration.

Succinic

SUCCIN'IC, adjective Pertaining to amber; drawn from amber; as the succinic acid.

Succinite

SUC'CINITE, noun [Latin succinum, amber.] A mineral of an amber color, considered as a variety of garnet. It frequently occurs in globular or granular masses, about the size of a pea.

Cleaveland.

Succinous

SUC'CINOUS, adjective Pertaining to amber.

Succor

SUC'COR, verb transitive [French secourir; Italian soccorrere; Spanish socorrer; Latin succurro; sub and curro, to run.]

Literally, to run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; as, to succor a besieged city; to succor prisoners.

He is able to succor them that are tempted. Hebrews 2.

Succor

SUC'COR, noun Aid; help; assistance; particularly, assistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want or distress.

My father

Flying for succor to his servant BanisterÃ‚--

Shak.

2. The person or thing that brings relief. The city when pressed received succors from an unexpected quarter.

The mighty succor which made glad the foe.

Dryden.

Succored

SUC'CORED, participle passive Assisted; relieved.

Succorer

SUC'CORER, noun He that affords relief; a helper; a deliverer.

Succorless

SUC'CORLESS, adjective Destitute of help or relief.

Thomson.

Succory

SUC'CORY, noun Wild endive, a plant of the genus Cichorium.

Succotash

SUC'COTASH, noun In America, a mixture of green maiz and beans boiled. The dish, as well as the name, is borrowed from the native Indians.

Succuba

SUC'CUBA, or SUC'CUBUS, noun [Latin sub and cubo.] A pretended kind of demon.

Mir. for Mag.

Succulence

SUC'CULENCE, or SUC'CULENCY, noun [See Succulent.] Juiciness; as the succulence of a peach.

Succulent

SUC'CULENT, adjective [French; Latin succulentus, from succus, juice.]

Full of juice; juicy. Succulent plants are such as have a juicy and soft stem, as distinguished from such as are ligneous, hard and dry. Thus the grasses are succulent herbs, as are peas, beans and the like.

Succumb

SUCCUMB', verb intransitive [Latin succumbo; sub and cumbo, cubo, to lie down.]

1. To yield; to submit; as, to succumb to a foreign power.

2. To yield; to sink unresistingly; as, to snccumb under calamities.

Succumbing

SUCCUMB'ING, participle of the present tense Yielding; submitting; sinking.

Succussation

SUCCUSSA'TION, noun [Latin succusso, to shake.] A trot or trotting.

Brown.

2. A shaking; succussion.

Succussion

SUCCUS'SION, noun [Latin succussio, from succusso, to shake; sub and quasso.]

1. The act of shaking; a shake.

2. In medicine, a shaking of the nervous parts by powerful stimulants.

Coxe.

Such

SUCH, adjective [It is possible that this word may be a contraction of Saxon swelc, swylc, German solch, Dutch zolk. More probably it is the Russian sitze, sitzev, our vulgar sichy.]

1. Of that kind; of the like kind. We never saw such a day; we have never had such a time as the present.

It has as before the thing to which it relates. Give your children such precepts as tend to make them wiser and better.

It is to be noted that the definitive adjective a, never precedes such, but is placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as such a man; such an honor.

2. The same that. This was the state of the kingdom at such time as the enemy landed.

3. The same as what has been mentioned.

That thou art happy, owe to God;

That thou continu'st such, owe to thyself.

Milton.

4. Referring to what has been specified. I have commanded my servant to be at such a place.

5. Such and such, is used in reference to a person or place of a certain kind.

The sovereign authority may enact a law, commanding such and such an action.

South.

Suck

SUCK, verb transitive [Saxon sucan, succan; German saugen; Dutch zuigen; Swedish suga; Danish suer, contracted; Irish sagham; Welsh sugaw; Latin sugo; French sucer; Italian succiare, succhiare; Spanish Portugese sacar, to draw out.]

1. To draw with the mouth; to draw out, as a liquid from a cask, or milk from the breast; to draw into the mouth. To suck is to exhaust the air of the mouth or of a tube; the fluid then rushes into the mouth or tube by means of the pressure of the surrounding air.

2. To draw milk from with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother or dam, or the breast.

3. To draw into the mouth; to imbibe; as, to suck in air; to suck the juice of plants.

4. To draw or drain.

Old ocean suck'd through the porous globe.

Thomson.

5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to absorb.

Dryden.

6. To inhale.

To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb.

To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction.

To suck up, to draw into the mouth.

Suck

SUCK, verb intransitive To draw by exhausting the air, as with the mouth, or with a tube.

2. To draw the breast; as, a child, or the young of any animal, is first nourished by sucking.

3. To draw in; to imbibe.

Bacon.

Suck

SUCK, noun The act of drawing with the mouth.

Boyle.

2. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth.

Shak.

Sucked

SUCK'ED, participle passive Drawn with the mouth, or with an instrument that exhausts the air; imbibed; absorbed.

Sucker

SUCK'ER, noun He or that which draws with the mouth.

2. The embolus or piston of a pump.

Boyle.

3. A pipe through which any thing is drawn.

Philips.

4. The shoot of a plant from the roots or lower part of the stem; so called perhaps from its drawing its nourishment from the root or stem.

5. A fish, called also remora; also, a name of the Cyclopterus or lump-fish.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

6. The name of a common river fish in New England.

Sucker

SUCK'ER, verb transitive To strip off shoots; to deprive of suckers; as, to sucker maiz.

Sucket

SUCK'ET, noun A sweetmeat for the mouth.

Cleaveland.

Sucking

SUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing with the mouth or with an instrument; imbibing; absorbing.

Sucking-Bottle

SUCK'ING-BOTTLE, noun A bottle to be filled with milk for infants to suck instead of the pap.

Locke.

Suckle

SUCK'LE, noun A teat. [Not in use.]

Suckle

SUCK'LE, verb transitive To give suck to : to nurse at the breast. Romulus and Remus are fabled to have been suckled by a wolf.

Suckled

SUCK'LED, participle passive Nursed at the breast.

Suckling

SUCK'LING, participle of the present tense Nursing at the breast.

Suckling

SUCK'LING, noun A young child or animal nursed at the breast. Psalm 8.

2. A sort of white clover.

Cyc.

Suction

SUC'TION, noun [French] The act of sucking or drawing into the mouth, as fluids.

Boyle. Arbuthnot.

2. The act of drawing, as fluids into a pipe or other thing.

Sudak

SU'DAK, noun A fish, a species of Peroa.

Tooke.

Sudary

SU'DARY, noun [Latin sudarium, from sudo, to sweat.]

A napkin or handkerchief. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Sudation

SUDA'TION, noun [Latin sudatio.] A sweating.

Sudatory

SU'DATORY, noun [Latin sudatorium, from sudo, to sweat.]

A hot house : a sweating bath.

Herbert.

Sudatory

SU'DATORY, adjective Sweating.

Sudden

SUD'DEN, adjective [Saxon soden; French soudain; Norm. soubdain; Latin subitaneus.]

1. Happening without previous notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparatives.

And sudden fear troubleth thee. Job 22.

For when they shall say, peace and safety, then sudden destruction cometh upon them. 1 Thessalonians 5.

2. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate; passionate. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sudden

SUD'DEN, noun An unexpected occurrence; surprise. [Not in use.]

On a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual preparatives.

How art thou lost, how on a sudden lost!

Milton.

[Of a sudden, is not usual, and is less elegant.]

Suddenly

SUD'DENLY, adverb In an unexpected manner; unexpectedly; hastily; without preparation.

Therefore his calamity shall come suddenly. Proverbs 6.

2. Without premeditation.

Suddenness

SUD'DENNESS, noun State of being sudden; a coming or happening without previous notice. The suddenness of the event precluded preparation.

Sudorific

SUDORIF'IC, adjective [French sudorifique; Latin sudor, sweat, and facio, to make.]

Causing sweat; exciting perspiration; as sudorific herbs.

Bacon.

Sudorific

SUDORIF'IC, noun A medicine that produces sweat or sensible perspiration.

Coxe.

Sudorous

SU'DOROUS, adjective [Latin sudor, sweat.] Consisting of sweat.

Brown.

Suds

SUDS, noun sing. [Qu. Welsh suz, moisture, or its connection with seethe, sodden.] Water impregnated with soap.

To be in the suds, to be in turmoil or difficulty; a familiar phrase.

Sue

SUE, v. t. su. [French suivre, to follow, Latin sequor. See Seek and Essay.]

1. To seek justice or right from one by legal process; to institute process in law against one; to prosecute in a civil action for the recovery of a real or supposed right; as, to sue one for debt; to sue one for damages in trespass. Matthew 5.

2. To gain by legal process.

3. To clean the beak, as a hawk; a term of falconry.

To sue out, to petition for and take out; or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.

Sue

SUE, verb intransitive To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek for in law; as, to sue for damages.

2. To seek by request; to apply for; to petition; to entreat.

By adverse destiny constrain'd to sue For counsel and redress, he sues to you.

Pope.

3. To make interest for; to demand.

Cesar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship.

Middleton.

Sued

SU'ED, participle passive Prosecuted; sought in law.

Suet

SU'ET, noun [Welsh swyv and swyved, a surface, coating, suet, yest, &c.]

The fat of an animal, particularly that about the kidneys; lard.

Wiseman.

Suety

SU'ETY, adjective Consisting of suet, or resembling it; as a suely substance.

Sharp.

Suffer

SUF'FER, verb transitive [Latin suffero; sub, under, and fero, to bear; as we say, to undergo; French souffrir; Italian sofferire; Spanish sufrir. See Bear.]

1. To feel or bear what is painful, disagreeable or distressing, either to the body or mind; to undergo. We suffer pain of body; we suffer grief of mind. The criminal suffers punishment; the sinner suffers the pangs of conscience in this life, and is condemned to suffer the wrath of an offended God. We often suffer wrong; we suffer abuse; we suffer injustice.

2. To endure; to support; to sustain; not to sink under.

Our spirit and strength entire,

Strongly to suffer and support our pains.

Milton.

3. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder. Will you suffer yourself to be insulted?

I suffer them to enter and possess.

Milton.

Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor, and not suffer sin upon him. Leviticus 19.

4. To undergo; to be affected by. Substances suffer an entire change by the action of fire, or by entering into new combinations.

5. To sustain; to be affected by; as, to suffer loss or damage.

Suffer

SUF'FER, verb intransitive To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient. We suffer with pain, sickness or sorrow. We suffer with anxiety. We suffer by evils past and by anticipating others to come. We suffer from fear and from disappointed hopes.

2. To undergo, as punishment.

The father was first condemned to suffer on a day appointed, and the son afterwards, the day following.

Clarendon.

3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. A building suffers for want of seasonable repairs. It is just that we should suffer for neglect of duty.

Public business suffers by private infirmities.

Temple.

Sufferable

SUF'FERABLE, adjective That may be tolerated or permitted; allowable.

2.That may be endured or borne.

Wotton.

Sufferably

SUF'FERABLY, adverb Tolerably; so as to be endured.

Addison.

Sufferance

SUF'FERANCE, noun The bearing of pain; endurance; pain endured; misery.

He must not only die,

But thy unkindness shall the death draw out To ling'ring sufferance.

Shak.

2. Patience; moderation; a bearing with patience.

But hasty heat temp'ring with sufferance wise.

Spenser.

3. Toleration; permission; allowance; negative consent by not forbidding or hindering.

In process of time, sometimes by sufferance, sometimes by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories.

Hooker.

In their beginning, they are weak and wan, But soon through sufferance grow to fearful end.

Spenser.

An estate at sufferance, in law, is where a person comes into possession of land by lawful title, but keeps it after the title ceases, without positive leave of the owner.

Blackstone.

Suffered

SUF'FERED, participle passive Borne; undergone; permitted; allowed.

Sufferer

SUF'FERER, noun One who endures or undergoes pain, either of body or mind; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as sufferers by poverty or sickness. Men are sufferers by fire or losses at sea; they are sufferers by the ravages of an enemy; still more are they sufferers by their own vices and follies.

2. One that permits or allows.

Suffering

SUF'FERING, participle of the present tense Bearing; undergoing pain, inconvenience or damage; permitting; allowing.

Suffering

SUF'FERING, noun The bearing of pain, inconvenience or loss; pain endured; distress, loss or injury incurred; as sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs.

Suffice

SUFFICE, v. i. suffi'ze. [French suffire; Latin sufficio; sub and facio.]

To be enough or sufficient; to be equal to the end proposed.

To recount Almighty works

What words or tongue of seraph can suffice?

Milton.

Suffice

SUFFICE, v. t. suffi'ze. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.

Let it suffice thee; speak no more to me of this matter. Deuteronomy 3.

Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us. John 14. Ruth 2.

2. To afford; to supply.

The pow'r appeas'd, with wind suffic'd the sail. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Sufficed

SUFFICED, participle passive suffi'zed. Satisfied; adequately supplied.

Sufficiency

SUFFI'CIENCY, noun The state of being adequate to the end proposed.

His sufficiency is such, that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted.

Boyle.

2. Qualification for any purpose.

I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others.

K. Charles.

3. Competence; adequate substance or means.

An elegant sufficiency, content.

Thomson.

4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.

Watts.

5. Ability; adequate power.

Our sufficiency is of God. 2 Corinthians 3.

6. Conceit; self-confidence. [See Self-sufficiency.]

Sufficient

SUFFI'CIENT, adjective [Latin sufficiens.] Enough : equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; competent; as provision sufficient for the family; water sufficient for the voyage; an army sufficient to defend the country.

My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Corinthians 12.

2. Qualified; competent; possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; as a man sufficient for an office.

Shak.

3. Fit; able; of competent power or ability.

Who is sufficient for these things? 2 Corinthians 2.

Sufficiently

SUFFI'CIENTLY, adverb To a sufficient degree; enough; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food and clothing; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties.

Sufficing

SUFFICING, participle of the present tense suffi'zing. Supplying what is needed; satisfying.

Suffisance

SUFFI'SANCE, noun [French] Sufficiency; plenty. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Suffix

SUF'FIX, noun [Latin suffixus, suffigo; sub and figo, to fix.]

A letter or syllable added or annexed to the end of a word.

Parkhurst. M. Stuart.

Suffix

SUFFIX', verb transitive To add or annex a letter or syllable to a word.

Suffixed

SUFFIX'ED, participle passive Added to the end of a word.

Suffixing

SUFFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Adding to the end of a word.

Sufflaminate

SUFFLAM'INATE, verb transitive [Latin sufflamen, a stop.]

To stop; to impede. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Sufflate

SUFFLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin sufflo; sub and flo, to blow.]

To blow up; to inflate. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Sufflation

SUFFLA'TION, noun [Latin sufflatio.] The act of blowing up or inflating.

Coles.

Suffocate

SUF'FOCATE, verb transitive [French suffoquer; Italian suffogare; Spanish sufocar; Latin suffoco; sub and focus, or its root.]

1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration. Respiration may be stopped by the interception of air, as in hanging and strangling, or by the introduction of smoke, dust or mephitic air into the lungs. Men may be suffocated by the halter; or men may be suffocated in smoke or in carbonic acid gas, as in mines and wells.

And let not hemp his windpipe suffocate.

Shak.

2. To stifle; to destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire or live coals.

A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage.

Collier.

Suffocate

SUF'FOCATE, adjective Suffocated.

Shak.

Suffocated

SUF'FOCATED, participle passive Choked; stifled.

Suffocating

SUF'FOCATING, participle of the present tense Choking; stifling.

Suffocatingly

SUF'FOCATINGLY, adverb So as to suffocate; as suffocatingly hot.

Suffocation

SUFFOCA'TION, noun The act of choking or stifling; a stopping of respiration, either by intercepting the passage of air to and from the lungs, or by inhaling smoke, dust or air that is not respirable.

2. The act of stifling, destroying or extinguishing.

Suffocative

SUF'FOCATIVE, adjective Tending or able to choke or stifle; as suffocative catarrhs.

Arbuthnot.

Suffossion

SUFFOS'SION, noun [Latin suffossio; sub and fodio, to dig.]

A digging under; an undermining.

Bp. Hall.

Suffragan

SUF'FRAGAN, adjective [French suffragant; Italian suffraganeo; Latin suffragans, assisting; suffragor, to vote for, to favor.] Assisting; as a suffragan bishop.

Suffragan

SUF'FRAGAN, noun A bishop, considered as an assistant to his metropolitan; or rather, an assistant bishop. By 26 Hen. VIII. suffragans are to be denominated from some principal place in the diocese of the prelate whom they are to assist.

Bp. Barlow.

Suffragant

SUF'FRAGANT, noun An assistant; a favorer; one who concurs with. Obs.

Taylor.

Suffragate

SUF'FRAGATE, verb transitive [Latin suffragor.] To vote with. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Suffragator

SUF'FRAGATOR, noun [Latin] One who assists or favors by his vote.

Bp. of chester.

Suffrage

SUF'FRAGE, noun [Latin suffragium; French suffrage; Saxon froegnan, to ask, German fragen.]

1. A vote; a voice given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust. Nothing can be more grateful to a good man than to be elevated to office by the unbiased suffrages of free enlightened citizens.

Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrages the observation made by heathen writers.

Atterbury.

2. United voice of persons in public prayer.

3. Aid; assistance; a Latinism. [Not in use.]

Suffraginous

SUFFRAG'INOUS, adjective [Latin suffrago, the pattern or hough.]

Pertaining to the knee joint of a beast.

Brown.

Suffruticous

SUFFRU'TICOUS, adjective [Latin sub and fruticosus; frutex, a shrub.]

In botany, under-shrubby, or part shrubby; permanent or woody at the base, but the yearly branches decaying; as sage, thyme, hyssop &c.

Martyn. Cyc.

Suffumigate

SUFFU'MIGATE, verb transitive [Latin suffumigo.] To apply fumes or smoke to the internal parts of the body, as in medicine.

Suffumigation

SUFFUMIGA'TION, noun Fumigation; the operation of smoking any thing, or rather of applying fumes to the internal parts of the body.

2. A term applied to all medicines that are received into the body in the form of fumes.

Cyc.

Suffumige

SUFFU'MIGE, noun A medical fume.

Harvey.

Suffuse

SUFFU'SE, v. t. suffi'ze. [Latin suffusus, suffundo; sub and fundo, to pour.]

To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; as eyes suffused with tears; cheeks suffused with blushes.

When purple light shall next suffuse the skies.

Pope.

Suffused

SUFFU'SED, participle passive Overspread, as with a fluid or with color.

Suffusion

SUFFU'SION, noun [French from Latin suffusio.]

1. The act or operation of overspreading, as with a fluid or with a color.

2. The state of being suffused or spread over.

To those that have the jaundice or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color.

Ray.

3. That which is suffused or spread over.

Sug

SUG, noun [Latin sugo, to suck.] A kind of worm.

Walton.

Sugar

SUGAR, noun SHUG'AR. [French sucre; Armoric sucr; Spanish azucar; Italian zucchero; German zucker; Dutch suiker; Danish sokker, sukker; Swedish socker; Welsh sugyr; Irish siacra; Latin saccharum; Greek; Pers. Arabicsukkar; Sanscrit scharkara; Slavonic, zakar. It is also in the Syriac and Ethiopic]

1. A well known substance manufactured chiefly from the sugar cane, arundo saccharifera; but in the United States, great quantities of this article are made from the sugar maple; and in France, a few years since, it was extensively manufactured from the beet. The saccharine liquor is concentrated by boiling, which expels the water; lime is added to neutralize the acid that is usually present; the grosser impurities rise to the surface, and are separated in the form of scum; and finally as the liquor cools, the sugar separates from the melasses in grains. Ths sirup or melasses is drained off, leaving the sugar in the state known in commerce by the name of raw or muscovado sugar. This is farther purified by means of clay, or more extensively by bullocks' blood, which forming a coagulum, envelops the impurities. Thus clarified, it takes the names of lump, loaf, refined, &c. according to the different degrees of purification. Sugar is a proximate element of the vegetable kingdom, and is found inmost ripe fruits, and many farinaceous roots. By fermentation, sugar is converted into alcohol, and hence forms the basis of those substances which are used for making intoxicating liquors, as melasses, grapes, apples, malt, &c.

The ultimate elements of sugar are oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Of all vegetable principles, it is considered by Dr. Rush as the most wholesome and nutritious.

2. A chimical term : as the sugar of lead.

Sugar

SUGAR, verb transitive SHUG'AR. To impregnate, season, cover, sprinkle or mix with sugar.

Crashaw.

2. To sweeten.

But flattery still in sugar'd words betrays.

Denham.

Sugar of lead, acetate of lead.

Sugar-Candy

SUGAR-CANDY, noun [sugar and candy.]

Sugar clarified and concreted or crystalized, in which state it becomes transparent.

Sugar-Cane

SUG'AR-CANE, noun [Sugar and cane.] The cane or plant from whose juice sugar is obtained.

Sugar-House

SUG'AR-HOUSE, noun A building in which sugar is refined.

Sugar-Loaf

SUG'AR-LOAF, noun A conical mass of refined sugar.

Sugar-Mill

SUG'AR-MILL, noun A machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane.

Sugar-Mite

SUG'AR-MITE, noun [sugar and mite.] A winged insect; lepisma.

The lepisma saccharina, is an apterous or wingless insect, covered with silvery scales.

Ed. Encyc.

Sugar-Plum

SUG'AR-PLUM, noun [sugar and plum.] A species of sweetmeat in small balls.

Sugary

SUG'ARY, adjective Tinctured or sweetened with sugar; sweet; tasting like sugar.

2. Fond of sugar, or of sweet things.

Todd.

3. Containing sugar.

Ash.

4. Like sugar.

Ash.

Sugescent

SUGES'CENT, adjective [Latin sugens, sucking.] Relating to sucking.

Paley.

Suggest

SUG'GEST, verb transitive [Latin suggero, suggestus; sub and gero; Italian suggerire; French suggerer.]

1. To hint; to intimate or mention in the first instance; as, to suggest a new mode of cultivation; to suggest a different scheme or measure; to suggest a new idea.

2. To offer to the mind or thoughts.

Some ideas are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection.

Locke.

3. To seduce; to draw to ill by insinuation.

Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested.

[Not in use.]

Shak.

4. To inform secretly.

We must suggest the people.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

Suggested

SUGGEST'ED, participle passive Hinted; intimated.

Suggester

SUGGEST'ER, noun One that suggests.

Suggestion

SUGGES'TION, noun [French; from suggest.] A hint; a first intimation, proposal or mention. The measure was adopted at the suggestion of an eminent philosopher.

2. Presentation of an idea to the mind; as the suggestions of fancy or imagination; the suggestions of conscience.

3. Insinuation; secret notification or incitement.

Shak.

4. In law, information without oath.

Suggestive

SUGGEST'IVE, adjective Containing a hint or intimation.

Suggil

SUG'GIL, verb transitive [Latin suggillo.] To defame.

[Not in use.]

Parker.

Suggilate

SUG'GILATE, verb transitive [Latin suggillo.] To beat black and blue. [Not in use.]

Wiseman.

Suggilation

SUG'GILA'TION, noun A black and blue mark; a blow; a bruise. [Not in use.]

Suicidal

SUICI'DAL, adjective Partaking of the crime of suicide.

Suicide

SU'ICIDE, noun [French from Latin suicidium; se and coedo, to slay.]

1. Self-murder; the act of designedly destroying one's own life. To constitute suicide, the person must be of years of discretion and of sound mind.

Blackstone.

2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo de se.

Suicism

SUICISM, for suicide, is not in use.

Suillage

SUIL'LAGE, noun [French souillage.] Drain of filth. Obs.

Wotton.

Suing

SU'ING, participle of the present tense of sue. Prosecuting.

Suing

SU'ING, noun [French suer, to sweat, Latin sudo.]

The process of soaking through any thing. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Suit

SUIT, noun [Norm. suit or suyt; French suite, from suivre, to follow, from Latin sequor. See Seek. In Law Latin, secta is from the same source.]

Literally, a following; and so used in the old English statutes.

1. Consecution; succession; series; regular order; as the same kind and suit of weather. [Not now so applied.]

Bacon.

2. A set; a number of things used together, and in a degree necessary to be united, in order to answer the purpose; as a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; sometimes with less dependence of the particular parts on each other, but still united in use; as a suit of clothes; a suit of apartments.

3. A set of the same kind or stamp; as a suit of cards.

4. Retinue; a company or number of attendants or followers; attendance; train; as a nobleman and his suit. [This is sometimes pronounced as a French word, sweet; but in all its senses, this is the same word, and the affectation of making it French in one use and English in another, is improper, not to say ridiculous.]

5. A petition; a seeking for something by petition or application.

Many shall make suit to thee. Job 11.

6. Solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship.

Shak.

7. In law, an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as a civil suit; a criminal suit in chancery.

In England, the several suits or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds, actions personal, real, and mixed.

Blackstone.

8. Pursuit; prosecution; chase.

Spenser. Cyc.

Suit and service, in feudal law, the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war, to follow them and perform military service.

Blackstone.

To bring suit, a phrase in law, denoting literally to bring secta, followers or witnesses to prove the plaintif's demand. The phrase is antiquated, or rather it has changed its signification; for to bring a suit, now is to institute an action.

Out of suits, having no correspondence.

Shak.

Suit-covenant, in law, is a covenant to sue at a certain court.

Bailey.

Suit-court, in law, the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord.

Bailey.

Suit

SUIT, verb transitive To fit; to adapt; to make proper. Suit the action to the word. Suit the gestures to the passion to be expressed. Suit the style to the subject.

2. To become; to be fitted to.

Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well.

Dryden.

Raise her notes to that sublime degree, Which suits a song of piety and thee.

Prior.

2. To dress; to clothe.

Such a Sebastian was my brother too, So went he suited to his watery tomb.

Shak.

4. To please; to make content. He is well suited with his place.

Suit

SUIT, verb intransitive To agree; to accord; as, to suit with; to suit to. Pity suits with a noble nature.

Dryden.

Give me not an office

That suits with me so illÃ‚--

Addison.

The place itself was suiting to his care.

Dryden.

[The use of with, after suit, is now most frequent.]

Suitable

SUITABLE, adjective Fitting; according with; agreeable to; proper; becoming; as ornaments suitable to one's character and station; language suitable to the subject.

2. Adequate. We cannot make suitable returns for divine mercies.

Suitableness

SUITABLENESS, noun Fitness; propriety; agreeableness; a state of being adapted or accommodated. Consider the laws, and their suitableness to our moral state.

Suitably

SUITABLY, adverb Fitly; agreeably; with propriety. Let words be suitably applied.

Suited

SUITED, participle passive Fitted; adapted; pleased.

Suiting

SUITING, participle of the present tense Fitting; according with; becoming; pleasing.

Suitor

SUITOR, noun One that sues or prosecutes a demand of right in law, as a plaintif, petitioner or appellant.

2. One who attends a court, whether plaintif, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror and the like. These, in legal phraseology, are all included in the word suitors.

3. A petitioner; an applicant.

She hath been a suitor to me for her brother.

Shak.

4. One who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover.

Suitress

SUITRESS, noun A female supplicant.

Rowe.

Sulcate

SUL'CATE, or SUL'CATED, adjective [Latin sulcus, a furrow.] In botany, furrowed; grooved; scored with deep broad channels longitudinally; as a sulcated stem.

Martyn.

Sulkiness

SUL'KINESS, noun [from sulky.] Sullenness; sourness; moroseness.

Sulky

SUL'KY, adjective [Saxon solcen, sluggish.] Sullen; sour; heavy; obstinate; morose.

While these animals remain in their inclosures, they are sulky.

As. Res.

Sulky

SUL'KY, noun A carriage for a single person.

Sullage

SUL'LAGE, noun [See Sulliage.] A drain of filth, or filth collected from the street or highway.

Cyc.

Sullen

SUL'LEN, adjective [perhaps set, fixed, and allied to silent, sill, &c.]

1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor.

And sullen 1 forsook th' imperfect feast.

Prior.

2. Mischievous; malignant.

Such sullen planets at my birth did shine.

Dryden.

3. Obstinate; intractable.

Things are as sullen as we are.

Tillotson.

4. Gloomy; dark; dismal.

Why are thine eyes fix'd to the sullen earth?

Shak.

Night with her sullen wings.

Milton.

No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows.

Pope.

5. Heavy; dull; sorrowful.

Be thou the trumpet of our wrath,

And sullen presage of your own decay.

Shak.

Sullenly

SUL'LENLY, adverb Gloomily; malignantly; intractably; with moroseness.

Dryden.

Sullenness

SUL'LENNESS, noun Ill nature with silence; silent moroseness; gloominess; malignity; intractableness.

Milton. Temple.

Sullens

SUL'LENS, n. plu. A morose temper; gloominess. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sulliage

SUL'LIAGE, noun [French souillage.] Foulness; filth. [Not in use.]

Sullied

SUL'LIED, participle passive Soiled; tarnished; stained.

Sully

SUL'LY, verb transitive [French souiller; from the root of soil, German sÃƒ-¼le.]

1. To soil; to dirt; to spot; to tarnish.

And statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke.

Roscommon.

2. To tarnish; to darken.

Let there be no spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity.

Atterbury.

3. To stain; to tarnish; as the purity of reputation; as virtues sullied by slanders; character sullied by infamous vices.

Sully

SUL'LY, verb intransitive To be soiled or tarnished.

Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding.

Bacon.

Sully

SUL'LY, noun Soil; tarnish; spot.

A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies on his reputation.

Spectator.

Sullying

SUL'LYING, participle of the present tense Soiling; tarnishing; staining.

Sulphate

SUL'PHATE, noun [from sulphur.] A neutral salt formed by sulphuric acid in combination with any base; as sulphate of lime.

Lavoisier.

Sulphatic

SULPHAT'IC, adjective Pertaining to sulphate.

Sulphite

SUL'PHITE, noun [from sulphur.] A salt or definite compound formed by a combination of sulphurous acid with a base.

Lavoisier.

Sulphur

SUL'PHUR, noun [Latin whence French soufre; Italian zolfo; Spanish azufre; Portugese enxofre; Dutch solfer.]

A simple combustible mineral substance, of a yellow color, brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat. It is called also brimstone, that is, burn-stone, from its great combustibility. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. Sulphur native or prismatic is of two kinds, common and volcanic.

Nicholson. Ure.

Sulphurate

SUL'PHURATE, adjective [Latin sulphuratus.] Belonging to sulphur; of the color of sulphur. [Little used.]

More.

Sulphurate

SUL'PHURATE, verb transitive To combine with sulphur.

Sulphurated

SUL'PHURATED, participle passive Combined or impregnated with sulphur; as sulphurated hydrogen gas.

Lavoisier.

Sulphuration

SULPHURA'TION, noun Act of addressing or anointing with sulphur.

Bentley.

Sulphure

SUL'PHURE, or SUL'PHURET, noun A combination of sulphur with a metallic, earthy or alkaline base; as a sulphuret of potash.

Lavoisier. Hooper.

Sulphureous

SULPHU'REOUS, adjective Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur or brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.

Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink.

Pope.

Sulphureously

SULPHU'REOUSLY, adverb In a sulphureous manner.

Sulphureousness

SULPHU'REOUSNESS, noun The state of being sulphureous.

Sulphureted

SUL'PHURETED, adjective Applied to gaseous bodies holding sulphur in solution; as sulphureted hydrogen.

Sulphuric

SUL'PHURIC, adjective Pertaining to sulphur; more strictly, designating an acid formed by sulphur saturated with oxygen; as sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid, or oil of vitrol.

Chimistry.

Sulphurous

SUL'PHUROUS, adjective Like sulphur; containing sulphur; also, designating an acid formed by sulphur subsaturated with oxygen. This is called sulphurous acid.

Sulphur-Wort

SUL'PHUR-WORT, noun A plant, hog's fennel, of the genus Peucedanum.

Sulphury

SUL'PHURY, adjective Partaking of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur.

Sultan

SUL'TAN, noun [Qu. Chaldee Syriac Hebrew to rule.]

An appellation given to the emperor of the Turks, denoting ruler or commander.

Sultana

SULTA'NA, or SUL'TANESS, noun The queen of a sultan; the empress of the Turks.

Cleaveland.

Sultan-Flower

SUL'TAN-FLOWER, noun A plant, a species of Centaurea.

Sultanry

SUL'TANRY, noun An eastern empire; the dominions of a sultan.

Bacon.

Sultriness

SUL'TRINESS, noun [from sultry.] The state of being sultry; heat with a moist or close air.

Sultry

SUL'TRY, adjective [German schwÃƒ-¼le. sultry; Saxon swolath, swole, heat, German schwÃƒ-¼le. See Swelter.]

1. Very hot, burning and oppressive; as Libya's sultry deserts.

Addison.

2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant and unelastic; as air or the atmosphere. A sultry air is usually enfeebling and oppressive to the human body.

Such as born beneath the burning sky

And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie.

Dryden.

Sum

SUM, noun [French somme; German summe; Dutch som; Danish sum; Swedish Latin summa, a sum; Saxon somed, Latin simul, together; Saxon somnian, to assemble. These words may be from the root of Chaldee, Syriac, Hebrew to set or place.]

1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added. The sum of 5 and 7 is 12.

How precious are thy thoughts to me, O God! how great is the sum of them! Psalm 139.

Take the sum of all the congregation. Numbers 1.

[Sum is now applied more generally to numbers, and number to persons.]

2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount indefinitely. I sent him a sum of money, a small sum, or a large sum. I received a large sum in bank notes.

3. Compendium; abridgment; the amount; the substance. This is the sum of all the evidence in the case. This is the sum and substance of all his objections. The sum of all I have said is this.

The phrase, in sum, is obsolete or nearly so.

In sum, the gospel considered as a law, prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin.

Rogers.

4. Highth; completion.

Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought

My story to the sum of earthly bliss.

Milton.

Sum

SUM, verb transitive To add particulars into one whole; to collect two or more particular numbers into one number; to cast up; usually followed by up, but it is superfluous. Custom enables a man to sum up a long column of figures with surprising facility and correctness.

The hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day.

Bacon.

2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense. He summed up his arguments at the close of his speech, with great force and effect.

"Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words, sums up the moral of this fable.

L'Estrange.

3. In falconry, to have fethers full grown.

With prosperous wing full summ'd.

Milton. [Unusual.]

Sumac

SUMAC, or SUMACH, noun shu'mak. [French sumach; German id.; Dutch sumak; Arabic Pers..]

A plant or shrub of the genus Rhus, of many species, some of which are used in tanning and dyeing, and in medicine.

Sumless

SUM'LESS, adjective Not to be computed; of which the amount cannot be ascertained.

The sumless treasure of exhausted mines.

Pope.

Summarily

SUM'MARILY, adverb [from summary.] In a summary manner; briefly; concisely; in a narrow compass or in few words. The Lord's prayer teaches us summarily the things we are to ask for.

2. In a short way or method.

When the parties proceed summarily, and they choose the ordinary way of proceeding, the cause is made plenary.

Ayliffe.

Summary

SUM'MARY, adjective [French sommaire; from sum, or Latin summa.]

Reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as a summary statement of arguments or objections; a summary proceeding or process.

Summary

SUM'MARY, noun An abridged account; an abstract, abridgment or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account; as the comprehensive summary of our duty to God in the first table of the law.

Summed

SUM'MED, participle passive [from sum.] Collected into a total amount; fully grown, as fethers.

Summer

SUM'MER, noun One who casts up an account.

Sherwood.

Summer

SUM'MER, noun [Saxon sumer, sumor; German Danish sommer; Dutch zomer; Swedish sommar; Irish sumh, the sun, and summer, and samhradh, summer.]

With us, the season of the year comprehended in the months June, July and August; during which time, the sun being north of the equator, shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which, together with the increased length of the days, renders this the hottest period of the year. In latitudes south of the equator, just the opposite takes place, or it is summer there when it is winter here.

The entire year is also sometimes divided into summer and winter, the former signifying the warmer and the latter the colder part of the year.

Summer

SUM'MER, verb intransitive To pass the summer or warm season.

The fowls shall summer upon them. Isaiah 18.

Summer

SUM'MER, verb transitive To keep warm. [Little used.]

Shak.

Summer

SUM'MER, noun [French sommier., a hair quilt, the sound-board of an organ, the winter and head of a printer's press, a large beam and a sumpter horse; Welsh sumer, that which supports or keeps together, a summer. From the latter explanation, we may infer that summer is from the root of sum.]

1. A large stone, the first that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make a cross vault; or a stone laid over a column, and hollowed to receive the first haunce of a platband.

Cyc.

2. A large timber supported on two stone piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, &c.

Cyc.

3. A large timber or beam laid as a central floor timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends of the joists and supporting them. This timber is seen in old buildings in America and in France. In America, it is wholly laid aside. It is called in England summer-tree.

Summer-Colt

SUM'MER-COLT, noun The undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Not used in America.]

Summer-Cypress

SUMMER-CYPRESS, noun A plant, a species of Chenopodium.

Summer-Fallow

SUMMER-FAL'LOW, noun [See Fallow.] Naked fallow; land lying bare of crops in summer.

Summer-Fallow

SUMMER-FAL'LOW, verb transitive To plow and work repeatedly in summer, to prepare for wheat or other crop.

Summer-House

SUM'MER-HOUSE, noun A house or apartment in a garden to be used in summer.

Pope. Watts.

2. A house for summer's residence.

Summerset

SUM'MERSET, noun [corruption of French soubresaut.]

A high leap in which the heels are thrown over the head.

Hudibras. Walton.

Summer-Wheat

SUM'MER-WHEAT, noun Spring wheat.

Summing

SUM'MING, participle of the present tense of sum. Adding together.

Summist

SUM'MIST, noun One that forms an abridgment. [Little used.]

Dering.

Summit

SUM'MIT, noun [Latin summitas, from summus, highest.]

1. The top; the highest point; as the summit, of a mountain.

2. The highest point or degree; utmost elevation. The general arrived to the summit of human fame.

Summon

SUM'MON, verb transitive [Latin submoneo; sub and moneo; French sommer. See Admonish.]

1. To call, cite or notify by authority to appear at a place specified, or to attend in person to some public duty, or both; as, to summon a jury; to summon witnesses.

The parliament is summoned by the king's writ or letter.

Blackstone.

Nor trumpets summon him to war.

Dryden.

2. To give notice to a person to appear in court and defend.

3. To call or command.

Love, duty, safety summon us away.

Pope.

4. To call up; to excite into action or exertion; with up. Summon up all your strength or courage.

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood.

Shak.

Summoned

SUM'MONED, participle passive Admonished or warned by authority to appear or attend to something; called or cited by authority.

Summoner

SUM'MONER, noun One who summons or cites by authority. In England, the sherif's messenger, employed to warn persons to appear in court.

Summoning

SUM'MONING, participle of the present tense Citing by authority to appear or attend to something.

Summons

SUM'MONS, noun with a plural termination, but used in the singular number; as a summons is prepared. [Latin submoneas.] A call by authority or the command of a superior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some public duty.

This summons he resolved not to disobey.

Fell.

He sent to summon the seditious and to offer pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded.

Hayward.

2. In law, a warning or citation to appear in court; or a written notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the demand of the plaintif.

Sumoom

SUMOOM', noun A pestilential wind of Persia. [See Simoom.]

Sump

SUMP, noun In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion.

2. A pond of water reserved for salt-works.

3. In mining, a pit sunk below the bottom of the mine.

Sumpter

SUMP'TER, noun [French sommier; Italian somaro.]

A horse that carries clothes or furniture; a baggage-horse; usually called a packhorse.

Shak.

Sumption

SUMP'TION, noun [Latin sumo, sumptus.] A taking. [Not in use.]

Taylor.

Sumptuary

SUMP'TUARY, adjective [Latin sumptuarius, from sumptus, expense; French somptuaire.]

Relating to expense. Sumptuary laws or regulations are such as restrain or limit the expenses of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, &c. Sumptuary laws are abridgments of liberty, and of very difficult execution. They can be justified only on the ground of extreme necessity.

Sumptuosity

SUMPTUOS'ITY, noun [from sumptuous.]

Expensiveness; costliness. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

Sumptuous

SUMP'TUOUS, adjective [Latin sumptuosus; Italian suntuoso; from sumptus, cost, expense.]

Costly; expensive; hence, splendid; magnificent; as a sumptuous house or table; sumptuous apparel.

We are too magnificent and sumptuous in our tables and attendance.

Atterbury.

Sumptuously

SUMP'TUOUSLY, adverb Expensively; splendidly; with great magnificence.

Bacon. Swift.

Sumptuousness

SUMP'TUOUSNESS, noun Costliness; expensiveness.

I will not fall out with those who can reconcile sumptuousness and charity.

Boyle.

2. Splendor; magnificence.

Sun

SUN, noun [Saxon sunna; Gothic sunno; German sonne; Dutch zon. The Danish has SÃƒ-¶ndag, Sunday, Slav. Sonze. Qu. Welsh tan, Irish teine, fire, and shan, in Bethshan.]

1. The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the center of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all the planets. The light of the sun constitutes the day, and the darkness which proceeds from its absence, or the shade of the earth, constitutes the night. Psalm 136.

2. In popular usage, a sunny place; a place where the beams of the sun fall; as, to stand in the sun, that is, to stand where the direct rays of the sun fall.

3. Any thing eminently splendid or luminous; that which is the chief source of light or honor. The natives of America complain that the sun of their glory is set.

I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignty to posterity.

K. Charles.

4. In Scripture, Christ is called the sun of righteousness, as the source of light, animation and comfort to his disciples.

5. The luminary or orb which constitutes the center of any system of worlds. The fixed stars are supposed to be suns in their respective systems.

Under the sun, in the world; on earth; a proverbial expression.

There is no new thing under the sun. Ecclesiastes 1.

Sun

SUN, verb transitive To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the light of the sun; to insolate; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain.

Ã‚--Then to sun thyself in open air.

Dryden.

Sunbeam

SUN'BEAM, noun [sun and beam.] A ray of the sun. Truth written with a sunbeam, is truth made obviously plain.

Gliding through the even on a sunbeam.

Milton.

Sun-Beat

SUN'-BEAT, adjective [sun and beat.] Struck by the sun's rays; shone brightly on.

Dryden.

Sun-Bright

SUN'-BRIGHT, adjective [sun and bright.] Bright as the sun; like the sun in brightness; as a sun-bright shield; a sun-bright chariot.

Spenser. Milton.

How and which way I may bestow myself

To be regarded in her sun-bright eye.

Shak.

Sun-Burning

SUN'-BURNING, noun [sun and burning.]

The burning or tan occasioned by the rays of the sun on the skin.

Boyle.

Sunburnt

SUN'BURNT, adjective [sun and burnt.] Discolored by the heat or rays of the sun; tanned; darkened in hue; as a sunburnt skin.

Sunburnt and swarthy though she be.

Dryden.

2. Scorched by the sun's rays; as a sunburnt soil.

Blackmore.

Sunclad

SUN'CLAD, adjective [sun and clad.] Clad in radiance or brightness.

Sunday

SUN'DAY, noun [Saxon sunna-doeg; German sonntag; Dutch zondag; Danish sÃƒ-¶dag; Swedish s?ndag; so called because this day was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship.]

The christian sabbath; the first day of the week, a day consecrated to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship. It is called also the Lord's day. Many pious persons however discard the use of Sunday, and call the day the sabbath.

Sunder

SUN'DER, verb transitive [Saxon sundrian, syndrian; German sondern; Danish sÃƒ-¶nder, torn in pieces; Swedish s?dra, to divide.]

1. To part; to separate; to divide; to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting or breaking; as, to sunder a rope or cord; to sunder a limb or joint; to sunder friends, or the ties of friendship. The executioner sunders the head from the body at a stroke. A mountain may be sundered by an earthquake.

Bring me lightning, give me thunder;

Ã‚--Jove may kill, but ne'er shall sunder.

Granville.

2. To expose to the sun. [Provincial in England.]

Sunder

SUN'DER, noun In sunder, in two.

He cutteth the spear in sunder. Psalm 46.

Sundered

SUN'DERED, participle passive Separated; divided; parted.

Sundering

SUN'DERING, participle of the present tense Parting; separating.

Sun-Dew

SUN'-DEW, noun [sun and dew.] A plant of the genus Drosera.

Lee.

Sun-Dial

SUN'-DIAL, noun [sun and dial.] An instrument to show the time of day, by means of the shadow of a gnomon or style on a plate.

Locke.

Sun-Dried

SUN'-DRIED, adjective [sun and dry.] Dried in the rays of the sun.

Sundry

SUN'DRY, adjective [Saxon sunder, separate.] Several; divers; more than one or two. [This word, like several, is indefinite; but it usually signifies a small number, sometimes many.]

I have composed sundry collects.

Saunderson.

Sundry foes the rural realm surround.

Dryden.

Sunfish

SUN'FISH, noun [sun and fish.] A name of the diodon, a genus of fishes of a very singular form, appearing like the fore part of the body of a very deep fish amputated in the middle.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

The sunfish is the Tetraodon mola of Linne.

Cyc.

2. The basking shark.

Cyc.

Sunflower

SUN'FLOWER, noun [sun and flower.] A plant of the genus Helianthus; so called from the form and color of its flower, or from its habit of turning to the sun. The bastard sunflower is of the genus Helenium; the dwarf sunflower is of the genus Rudbeckia, and another of the genus Tetragonotheca; the little sunflower is of the genus Cistus.

Fam. of Plants.

Sung

SUNG, pret. and participle passive of sing.

While to his harp divine Amphion sung.

Pope.

Sunk

SUNK, pret. and participle passive of sink.

Or toss'd by hope, or sunk by care.

Prior.

Sunless

SUN'LESS, adjective [sun and less.] Destitute of the sun or its rays; shaded.

Thomson.

Sunlike

SUN'LIKE, adjective [sun and like.] Resembling the sun.

Cheyne.

Sunny

SUN'NY, adjective [from sun.] Like the sun; bright.

Spenser.

2. Proceeding from the sun; as sunny beams.

Spenser.

3. Exposed to the rays of the sun; warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as the sunny side of a hill or building.

Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores.

Addison.

4. Colored by the sun.

Her sunny locks Hang on her temples like a golden fleece.

Shak.

Sunproof

SUN'PROOF, adjective [sun and proof.] Impervious to the rays of the sun.

Peele.

Sunrise

SUN'RISE, or SUN'RISING, noun [sun and rise.] The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; or more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather.

2. The east.

Raleigh.

Sunset

SUN'SET, or SUN'SETTING, noun [sun and set.] The descent of the sun below the horizon; or the time when the sun sets; evening.

Raleigh. Dryden.

Sunshine

SUN'SHINE, noun [sun and shine.] The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, or the place where they fall.

But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon Culminate from th' equator.

Milton.

2. A place warmed and illuminated; warmth; illumination.

The man that sits within a monarch's heart, And ripens in the sunshine of his favor.

Shak.

Sunshine

SUN'SHINE, or SUN'SHINY, adjective Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm or pleasant; as a sunshiny day; sunshiny weather.

Boyle.

2. Bright like the sun.

Ã‚--Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield.

Spenser.

Sup

SUP, verb transitive [Saxon supan; Dutch zuipen; French scuper. See Soup and Sip.]

To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip.

There I'll sup

Balm and nectar in my cup.

Crashaw.

Sup

SUP, verb intransitive To eat the evening meal.

When they had supped, they brought Tobiasin.

Tobit.

Sup

SUP, verb transitive To treat with supper.

Sup them well. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sup

SUP, noun A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip.

Tom Thumb got a little sup.

Drayton.

Super

SUPER, a Latin preposition, Greek, signifies above, over, excess. It is much used in composition.

Superable

SU'PERABLE, adjective [Latin superabilis, from supero, to overcome.]

That may be overcome or conquered. These are superable difficulties.

Superableness

SU'PERABLENESS, noun The quality of being conquerable or surmountable.

Superably

SU'PERABLY, adverb So as may be overcome.

Superabound

SUPERABOUND', verb intransitive [super and abound.]

To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient. The country superabounds with corn.

Superabounding

SUPERABOUND'ING, participle of the present tense Abounding beyond want or necessity; abundant to excess or a great degree.

Superabundance

SUPERABUND'ANCE, noun More than enough; excessive abundance: as a superabundance of the productions of the earth.

Woodward.

Superabundant

SUPERABUND'ANT, adjective Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; as superabundant zeal.

Swift.

Superabundantly

SUPERABUND'ANTLY, adverb More than sufficiently.

Cheyne.

Superacidulated

SUPERACID'ULATED, adjective [super and acidulated.] Acidulated to excess.

Superadd

SUPERADD', verb transitive [super and add.] To add over and above; to add to what has been added.

2. To add or annex something extrinsic.

The strength of a living creature, in those external motions, is something distinct from and superadded to its natural gravity.

Wilkins.

Superadded

SUPERADD'ED, participle passive Added over and above.

Superadding

SUPERADD'ING, participle of the present tense Adding over and above; adding something extrinsic.

Superaddition

SUPERADDI'TION, noun [super and addition.]

1. The act of adding to something, or of adding something extraneous.

More.

2. That which is added.

This superaddition is nothing but fat.

Arbuthnot.

Superadvenient

SUPERADVE'NIENT, adjective [Latin superadveniens.]

1. Coming upon; coming to the increase or assistance of something.

When a man has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his GodÃ‚--

More.

2. Coming unexpectedly. [This word is little used.]

Superangelic

SUPERANGEL'IC, adjective [super and angelic.] Superior in nature or rank to the angels.

One class of Unitarians believe Christ to be a superangelic being.

Superannuate

SUPERAN'NUATE, verb transitive [Latin super and annus, a year.]

To impair or disqualify by old age and infirmity; as a superannuated magistrate.

Swift.

Superannuate

SUPERAN'NUATE, verb intransitive To last beyond the year. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Superannuated

SUPERAN'NUATED, participle passive Impaired or disqualified by old age.

Superannuation

SUPERANNUA'TION, noun The state of being too old for office or business, or of being disqualified by old age.

Superb

SUPERB', adjective [French superbe; Latin superbus, proud, from super.]

1. Grand; magnificent; as a superb edifice; a superb colonnade.

2. Rich; elegant; as superb furniture or decorations.

3. Showy; pompous; as a superb exhibition.

4. Rich; splendid; as a superb entertainment.

5. August; stately.

Superbly

SUPERB'LY, adverb In a magnificent or splendid manner; richly; elegantly.

Supercargo

SUPERC'ARGO, noun [super and cargo.] An officer or person in a merchant's ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superintend all the commercial concerns of the voyage.

Supercelestial

SUPERCELES'TIAL, adjective [super and celestial.]

Situated above the firmament or great vault of heaven.

Trans. Pausanias. Raleigh. Woodward.

Superciliary

SUPERCIL'IARY, adjective [Latin super and cilium, the eyebrow.] Situated or being above the eyebrow.

As. Res.

The superciliary arch, is the bony superior arch of the orbit.

Cyc.

Supercilious

SUPERCIL'IOUS, adjective [Latin superciliosus. See above.]

1. Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; as a supercilious officer.

2. Manifesting haughtiness, or proceeding from it; overbearing; as a supercilious air; supercilious behavior.

Superciliously

SUPERCIL'IOUSLY, adverb Haughtily; dogmatically; with an air of contempt.

Clarendon.

Superciliousness

SUPERCIL'IOUSNESS, noun Haughtiness; an overbearing temper or manner.

Superconception

SUPERCONCEP'TION, noun [super and conception.] A conception after a former conception.

Brown.

Superconsequence

SUPERCON'SEQUENCE, noun [super and consequence.] Remote consequence. [Not used.]

Brown.

Supercrescence

SUPERCRES'CENCE, noun [Latin super and crescens.]

That which grows upon another growing thing.

Brown.

Supercrescent

SUPERCRES'CENT, adjective [supra.] Growing on some other growing thing.

Johnson.

Supereminence

SUPEREM'INENCE, or SUPEREM'INENCY, noun [Latin super and emineo.] Eminence superior to what is common; distinguished eminence; as the supereminence of Cicero as an orator; the supereminence of Dr. Johnson as a writer, or of lord Chatham as a statesman.

Supereminent

SUPEREM'INENT, adjective Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ.

Supereminently

SUPEREM'INENTLY, adverb In a superior degree of excellence; with unusual distinction.

Supererogant

SUPERER'OGANT, adjective Supererogatory, which see.

Stackhouse.

Supererogate

SUPERER'OGATE, verb intransitive [Latin super and erogalio, erogo.]

To do more than duty requires. Aristotle's followers have supererogated in observance. [Little used.]

Glanville.

Supererogation

SUPEREROGA'TION, noun [supra.] Performance of more than duty requires.

There is no such thing as works of supererogation.

Tillotson.

Supererogative

SUPEREROG'ATIVE, adjective Supererogatory. [Not much used.]

Stafford.

Supererogatory

SUPEREROG'ATORY, adjective Performed to an extent not enjoined or not required by duty; as supererogatory services.

Howell.

Superessential

SUPERESSEN'TIAL, adjective [super and essential.]

Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing.

Pausanias, Trans.

Superexalt

SUPEREXALT', verb transitive [super and exalt.] To exalt to a superior degree.

Barrow.

Superexaltation

SUPEREXALTA'TION, noun [super and exaltation.] Elevation above the common degree.

Holiday.

Superexcellence

SUPEREX'CELLENCE, noun [super and excellence.] Superior excellence.

Superexcellent

SUPEREX'CELLENT, adjective Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent.

Decay of Piety.

Superexcrescence

SUPEREXCRES'CENCE, noun [super and excrescence.] Something superfluously growing.

Wiseman.

Superfecundity

SUPERFECUND'ITY, noun [super and fecundity.] Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.

Paley.

Superfetate

SUPERFE'TATE, verb intransitive [Latin super and foetus.] To conceive after a prior conception.

The female is said to superfetate.

Grew.

Superfetation

SUPERFETA'TION, noun A second conception after a prior one, and before the birth of the first, by which two fetuses are growing at once in the same matrix.

Howell.

Superfete

SU'PERFETE, verb intransitive To superfetate. [Little used.]

Howell.

Superfete

SU'PERFETE, verb transitive To conceive after a former conception. [Little used.]

Howell.

Superfice

SU'PERFICE, noun Superficies; surface. [Little used.] [See Superficies.]

Superficial

SUPERFI'CIAL, adjective [Italian superficiale; Spanish superficial; French superficiel; from superficies.]

1. Being on the surface; not penetrating the substance of a thing; as a superficial color; a superficial covering.

2. Composing the surface or exterior part; as, soil constitutes the superficial part of the earth.

3. Shallow; contrived to cover something.

This superficial tale

Is but a preface to her worthy praise.

Shak.

4. Shallow; not deep or profound; reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; as a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge.

Dryden.

Superficiality

SUPERFICIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being superficial. [Not much used.]

Brown.

Superficially

SUPERFI'CIALLY, adverb On the surface only; as a substance superficially tinged with a color.

2. On the surface or exterior part only; without penetrating the substance or essence; as, to survey things superficially.

Milton.

3. Without going deep or searching things to the bottom; slightly. He reasons superficially.

I have laid down superficially my present thoughts.

Dryden.

Superficialness

SUPERFI'CIALNESS, noun Shallowness; position on the surface.

2. Slight knowledge; shallowness of observation or learning; show without substance.

Superficies

SUPERFI'CIES, noun [Latin from super, upon, and facies, face.]

The surface; the exterior part of a thing. A superficies consists of length and breadth; as the superficies of a plate or of a sphere. Superficies is rectilinear, curvilinear, plane, convex or concave.

Superfine

SU'PERFINE, adjective [super and fine.] Very fine or most fine; surpassing others in fineness; as superfine cloth. The word is chiefly used of cloth, but sometimes of liquors: as superfine wine or cider; and of other things, as superfine wire; superfine flour.

Superfluence

SUPER'FLUENCE, noun [Latin super and fluo, to flow.] Superfluity; more than is necessary. [Little used.]

Hammond.

Superfluitance

SUPERFLU'ITANCE, noun [Latin super and fluito, to float.]

The act of floating above or on the surface. [Little used.]

Brown.

Superfluitant

SUPERFLU'ITANT, adjective Floating above or on the surface. [Little used.]

Brown.

Superfluity

SUPERFLU'ITY, noun [French superfluitÃƒ-©; Italian superfluitÃƒ- ; Latin superfluitas; super and fluo, to flow.]

1. Superabundance; a greater quantity than is wanted; as a superfluity of water or provisions.

2. Something that is beyond what is wanted; something rendered unnecessary by its abundance. Among the superfluities of life we seldom number the abundance of money.

Superfluous

SUPER'FLUOUS, adjective [Latin superfluus, overflowing; super and fluo, to flow.]

1. More than is wanted; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; as a superfluous supply of corn.

2. More than sufficient; unnecessary; useless; as a composition abounding with superfluous words. Superfluous epithets rather enfeeble than strengthen description. If what has been said will not convince, it would be superfluous to say more.

Superfluous interval, in music, is one that exceeds a true diatonic interval by a semitone minor.

Cyc.

Superfluous polygamy, (Polygamia superflua,) a kind of inflorescence or compound flower, in which the florets of the disk are hermaphrodite and fertile, and those of the ray, though female or pistiliferous only, are also fertile; designating the second order of the class Syngenesia of Linne.

Martyn.

Superfluous sound or tone, is one which contains a semitone minor more than a tone.

Cyc.

Superfluously

SUPER'FLUOUSLY, adverb With excess; in a degree beyond what is necessary.

Superfluousness

SUPER'FLUOUSNESS, noun The state of being superfluous or beyond what is wanted.

Superflux

SU'PERFLUX, noun [Latin super and fluxus.]

That which is more than is wanted. [Little used.]

Shak.

Superfoliation

SUPERFOLIA'TION, noun [super and foliation.] Excess of foliation. [Not used.]

Brown.

Superhuman

SUPERHU'MAN, adjective [super and human.]

Above or beyond what is human; divine.

Superimpose

SUPERIMPOSE, verb transitive superimpo'ze. [super and impose.]

To lay or impose on something else; as a stratum of earth superimposed on a different stratum.

Kirwan.

Superimposed

SUPERIMPO'SED, participle passive Laid or imposed on something.

Humboldt.

Superimposing

SUPERIMPO'SING, participle of the present tense Laying on something else.

Superimposition

SUPERIMPOSI'TION, noun The act of laying or the state of being placed on something else.

Kirwan.

Superimpregnation

SUPERIMPREGNA'TION, noun [super and impregnation.]

The act of impregnating upon a prior impregnation; impregnation when previously impregnated.

Coxe.

Superincumbent

SUPERINCUM'BENT, adjective [super and incumbent.] Lying or resting on something else.

Superinduce

SUPERINDU'CE, verb transitive [super and induce.]

To bring in or upon as an addition to something; as, to superinduce a virtue or quality upon a person not before possessing it.

Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new and absurd desires.

South.

Superinduced

SUPERINDU'CED, participle passive Induced or brought upon something.

Superinducing

SUPERINDU'CING, participle of the present tense Inducing on something else.

Superinduction

SUPERINDUC'TION, noun The act of superinducing.

The superinduction of ill habits quickly defaces the first rude draught of virtue.

South.

Superinjection

SUPERINJEC'TION, noun [super and injection.]

An injection succeeding another.

Dict.

Superinspect

SUPERINSPECT', verb transitive [super and inspect.]

To oversee; to superintend by inspection. [Little used.]

Superinstitution

SUPERINSTITU'TION, noun [super and institution.]

One institution upon another; as when A is instituted and admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B is instituted and admitted upon the presentation of another.

Bailey.

Superintellectual

SUPERINTELLEC'TUAL, adjective [super and intellectual.]

Being above intellect.

Pausanias, Trans.

Superintend

SUPERINTEND', verb transitive [super and intend.]

To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction; to take care of with authority; as, an officer superintends the building of a ship or the construction of a fort. God exercises a superintending care over all his creatures.

Superintended

SUPERINTEND'ED, participle passive Overseen; taken care of.

Superintended

SUPERINTEND'ED, or SUPERINTEND'ENCY, noun The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction, and with authority to direct.

Superintendent

SUPERINTEND'ENT, noun One who has the oversight and charge of something, with the power of direction, as the superintendent of an alms-house or work-house; the superintendent of public works; the superintendent of customs or finance.

2. All ecclesiastical superior in some reformed churches.

Superintending

SUPERINTEND'ING, participle of the present tense Overseeing with the authority to direct what shall be done and how it shall be done.

Superior

SUPE'RIOR, adjective [Spanish Latin from super, above; French superieur; Italian superiore.]

1. Higher; upper; more elevated in place; as the superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.

Newton.

2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as a superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.

3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the greatness, goodness or value of any quality; as a man of superior merit, of superior bravery, of superior talents or understanding, of superior accomplishments.

4. Being beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or affected by; as a man superior to revenge.

There is not on earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man superior to his sufferings.

Spectator.

5. In botany, a superior flower has the receptacle of the flower above the germ; a superior germ is included within the corol.

Martyn.

Superior

SUPE'RIOR, noun One who is more advanced in age. Old persons or elders are the superiors of the young.

2. One who is more elevated in rank or office.

3. One who surpasses others in dignity, excellence or qualities of any kind. As a writer of pure English, Addison has no superior.

4. The chief of a monastery, convent or abbey.

Superiority

SUPERIOR'ITY, noun Pre-eminence; the quality of being more advanced or higher, greater or more excellent than another in any respect; as superiority of age, of rank or dignity, of attainments or excellence. The superiority of others in fortune and rank, is more readily acknowledged than superiority of understanding.

Superlation

SUPERLA'TION, noun [Latin superlatio.] Exaltation of any thing beyond truth or propriety. [I believe not used.]

B. Johnson.

Superlative

SUPER'LATIVE, adjective [French superlatif; Latin superlativus; super and latio, latus, fero.]

1. Highest in degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; as a man of superlative wisdom or prudence, of superlative worth; a woman of superlative beauty.

2. Supreme; as the superlative glory of the divine character.

3. In grammar, expressing the highest or utmost degree; as the superlative degree of comparison.

Superlative

SUPER'LATIVE, noun In grammar, the superlative degree of adjectives, which is formed by the termination est, as meanest highest, bravest; or by the use of most, as most high, most brave; or by least, as least amiable.

Superlatively

SUPER'LATIVELY, adverb In a manner expressing the utmost degree.

I shall not speak superlatively of them.

Bacon.

2. In the highest or utmost degree. Tiberius was superlatively wicked; Clodius was superlatively profligate.

Superlativeness

SUPER'LATIVENESS, noun The state of being in the highest degree.

Superlunar

SUPERLU'NAR, or SUPERLU'NARY, adjective [Latin super and luna, the moon.]

Being above the moon; not sublunary or of this world.

The head that turns at superlunar things.

Pope.

Supermundane

SUPERMUN'DANE, adjective [super and mundane.] Being above the world.

Paus. Trans.

Supernal

SUPERN'AL, adjective [Latin supernus, super.] Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as the supernal orbs; supernal regions.

Raleigh.

2. Relating to things above; celestial; heavenly; as supernal grace.

Not by the sufferings of supernal pow'r.

Milton.

Supernatant

SUPERNA'TANT, adjective [Latin supernatans, supernato; super and nato, to swim.]

Swimming above; floating on the surface; as oil supernatant on water.

Boyle.

Supernatation

SUPERNATA'TION, noun The act of floating on the surface of a fluid.

Bacon.

Supernatural

SUPERNAT'URAL, adjective [super and natural.]

Being beyond or exceeding the powers or laws of nature; miraculous. A supernatural event is one which is not produced according to the ordinary or established laws of natural things. Thus if iron has more specific gravity than water, it will sink in that fluid; and the floating of iron on water must be a supernatural event. Now no human being can alter a law of nature; the floating of iron on water therefore must be caused by divine power specially exerted to suspend, in this instance, a law of nature. Hence supernatural events or miracles can be produced only by the immediate agency of divine power.

Supernaturally

SUPERNAT'URALLY, adverb In a manner exceeding the established course or laws of nature. The prophets must have been supernaturally taught or enlightened, for their predictions were beyond human foreknowledge.

Supernaturalness

SUPERNAT'URALNESS, noun The state or quality of being beyond the power or ordinary laws of nature.

Supernumerary

SUPERNU'MERARY, adjective [French supernumeraire; Latin super and numerus, number.]

1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as a supernumerary officer in a regiment; a supernumerary canon in the church.

2. Exceeding a necessary, a usual or a round number; as supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense.

Addison. Fell.

Supernumerary

SUPERNU'MERARY, noun A person or thing beyond the number stated, or beyond what is necessary or usual. On the reduction of the regiments, several supernumeraries were to be provided for.

Superparticular

SUPERPARTIC'ULAR, adjective [super and particular.]

Noting a ratio when the excess of the greater term is a unit; as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4.

Encyc.

Superpartient

SUPERP`ARTIENT, adjective [Latin super and partio.]

Noting a ratio when the excess of the greater term is more than a unit; as that of 3 to 5, or of 7 to 10.

Encyc.

Superplant

SU'PERPLANT, noun [super and plant.] A plant growing on another plant; as the misletoe. [Not used.] [We now use parasite.]

Bacon.

Superplusage

SUPERPLUS'AGE, noun [Latin super and plus.]

That which is more than enough; excess. [We now use surplusage, which see.]

Fell.

Superponderate

SUPERPON'DERATE, verb transitive [Latin super and pondero.]

To weigh over and above. [Not used.]

Dict.

Superpose

SUPERPOSE, v. t. superpo'ze. [super and French poser, to lay.]

To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.

Superposed

SUPERPO'SED, participle passive Laid or being upon something.

Humboldt.

Superposing

SUPERPO'SING, participle of the present tense Placing upon something.

Superposition

SUPERPOSI'TION, noun [super and position.]

1. A placing above; a lying or being situated above or upon something; as the superposition of rocks.

Humboldt.

2. That which is situated above or upon something else.

Superpraise

SU'PERPRAISE, v. t. su'perpraze. To praise to excess.

Shak.

Superproportion

SUPERPROPORTION, noun [super and proportion.] Overplus of proportion.

Digby.

Superpurgation

SUPERPURGA'TION, noun [super and purgation.] More purgation than is sufficient.

Wiseman.

Superreflection

SUPERREFLEC'TION, noun [super and reflection.]

The reflection of an image reflected.

Bacon.

Superreward

SUPERREWARD', verb transitive To reward to excess.

Bacon.

Superroyal

SUPERROY'AL, adjective [super and royal.]

Larger than royal; denoting the largest species of printing paper.

Supersaliency

SUPERSA'LIENCY, noun [Latin super and salio, to leap.]

The act of leaping on any thing. [Little used.]

Brown.

Supersalient

SUPERSA'LIENT, adjective Leaping upon.

Supersalt

SU'PERSALT, noun In chimistry, a salt with an excess of acid, as supertartrate of potash.

Cyc.

Supersaturate

SUPERSAT'URATE, verb transitive [Latin super and saturo.] To saturate to excess. Chimistry.

Supersaturated

SUPERSAT'URATED, participle passive Saturated to excess.

Supersaturating

SUPERSAT'URATING, participle of the present tense Saturating or filling to excess.

Supersaturation

SUPERSATURA'TION, noun The operation of saturating to excess; or the state of being thus saturated.

Fourcroy.

Superscribe

SUPERSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin super and scribo, to write.]

To write or engrave on the top, outside or surface; or to write the name or address of one on the outside or cover; as, to superscribe a letter.

Superscribed

SUPERSCRI'BED, participle passive Inscribed on the outside.

Superscribing

SUPERSCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Inscribing, writing or engraving on the outside, or on the top.

Superscription

SUPERSCRIP'TION, noun The act of superscribing.

2. That which is written or engraved on the outside, or above something else.

Waller.

The superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS. Mark 15. Luke 23.

3. An impression of letters on coins. Matthew 22.

Supersecular

SUPERSEC'ULAR, adjective [super and secular.] Being above the world or secular things.

Supersede

SUPERSE'DE, verb transitive [Latin supersedeo; super and sedeo, to sit.]

1. Literally, to set above; hence, to make void, inefficacious or useless by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend. The use of artillery in making breaches in walls, has superseded the use of the battering ram. The effect of passion is to supersede the workings of reason.

South.

Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural motion.

Bentley.

2. To come or be placed in the room of; hence, to displace or render unnecessary; as, an officer is superseded by the appointment of another person.

Supersedeas

SUPERSE'DEAS, noun In law, a writ of supersedeas, is a writ or command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or to stay proceedings. This writ does not destroy the power of an officer, for it may be revived by another writ called a procedendo.

Blackstone.

Superseded

SUPERSE'DED, participle passive Made void; rendered unnecessary or inefficacious; displaced; suspended.

Superseding

SUPERSE'DING, participle of the present tense Coming in the place of; setting aside; rendering useless; displacing; suspending.

Supersedure

SUPERSE'DURE, noun The act of superseding; as the supersedure of trial by jury. [New.]

Hamilton, Fed.

Superserviceable

SUPERSERV'ICEABLE, adjective [super and serviceable.]

Over officious; doing more than is required or desired. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Superstition

SUPERSTI'TION, noun [French from Latin superstitio, supersto; super and sto, to stand.]

1. Excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; excess or extravagance in religion; the doing of things not required by God, or abstaining from things not forbidden; or the belief of what is absurd, or belief without evidence.

Brown.

Superstition has reference to God, to religion, or to beings superior to man.

Encyc.

2. False religion; false worship.

3. Rite or practice proceeding from excess of scruples in religion. In this sense, it admits of a plural.

They the truth

With superstitions and traditions taint.

Milton.

4. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.

5. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in omens and prognostics.

Superstitionist

SUPERSTI'TIONIST, noun One addicted to superstition.

More.

Superstitious

SUPERSTI'TIOUS, adjective [French superstitieux; Latin superstitiosus.]

1. Over scrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion; as superstitious people.

2. Proceeding from superstition; manifesting superstition; as superstitious rites; superstitious observances.

3. Over exact; scrupulous beyond need.

Superstitious use, in law, the use of land for a religious purpose, or by a religious corporation.

Superstitiously

SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY, adverb In a superstitious manner; with excessive regard to uncommanded rites or unessential opinions and forms in religion.

Bacon.

2. With too much care; with excessive exactness or scruple.

3. With extreme credulity in regard to the agency of superior beings in extraordinary events.

Superstitiousness

SUPERSTI'TIOUSNESS, noun Superstition.

Superstrain

SUPERSTRA'IN, verb transitive [super and strain.]

To overstrain or stretch. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Superstratum

SUPERSTRA'TUM, noun [super and stratum.]

A stratum or layer above another, or resting on something else.

Asiat. Res.

Superstruct

SUPERSTRUCT', verb transitive [Latin superstruo; super and struo, to lay.] To build upon; to erect.

This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocence and then virtue. [Little used.]

Decay of Piety.

Superstruction

SUPERSTRUC'TION, noun An edifice erected on something.

My own profession hath taught me not to erect new super structions on an old ruin.

Denham.

Superstructive

SUPERSTRUCT'IVE, adjective Built or erected on something else.

Hammond.

Superstructure

SUPERSTRUCT'URE, noun Any structure or edifice built on something else; particularly, the building raised on a foundation. This word is used to distinguish what is erected on a wall or foundation from the foundation itself.

2. Any thing erected on a foundation or basis. In education, we begin with teaching languages as the foundation, and proceed to erect on that foundation the superstructure of science.

Supersubstantial

SUPERSUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective [super and substantial.]

More than substantial; being more than substance.

Cyc.

Supersulphate

SUPERSUL'PHATE, noun Sulphate with an excess of acid.

Supersulphureted

SUPERSUL'PHURETED, adjective Combined with an excess of sulphur.

Aikin.

Superterrene

SUPERTERRE'NE, adjective [super and terrene.]

Being above ground, or above the earth.

Hill.

Superterrestrial

SUPERTERRES'TRIAL, adjective Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth.

Buckminster.

Supertonic

SUPERTON'IC, noun In music, the note next above the key-note.

Busby.

Supertragical

SUPERTRAG'ICAL, adjective Tragical to excess.

Warton.

Supervacaneous

SUPERVACA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin supervacaneus; super and vaco, to make void.]

Superfluous; unnecessary; needless; serving no purpose.

Howell.

Supervacaneously

SUPERVACA'NEOUSLY, adverb Needlessly.

Supervacaneousness

SUPERVACA'NEOUSNESS, noun Needlessness.

Bailey.

Supervene

SUPERVE'NE, verb intransitive [Latin supervenio; super and venio.]

1. To come upon as something extraneous.

Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter, unless impressed by divine power.

Bentley.

2. To come upon; to happen to.

Supervenient

SUPERVE'NIENT, adjective Coming upon as something additional or extraneous.

That branch of belief was in him supervenient to christian practice.

Hammond.

Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for supervenient causes.

Z. Swift.

Supervention

SUPERVEN'TION, noun The act of supervening.

Supervisal

SUPERVI'SAL, or SUPERVI'SION, noun [supervi'zal, supervizh'on.] [from supervise.] The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence.

Tooke. Walsh.

Supervise

SUPERVI'SE, n. supervi'ze. Inspection. [Not used.]

Shak.

Supervise

SUPERVI'SE, verb transitive [Latin super and visus, video, to see.]

To oversee; to superintend; to inspect; as, to supervise the press for correction.

Supervised

SUPERVI'SED, participle passive Inspected.

Supervising

SUPERVI'SING, participle of the present tense Overseeing; inspecting; superintending.

Supervisor

SUPERVI'SOR, noun An overseer; an inspector; a superintendent; as the supervisor of a pamphlet.

Dryden.

Supervive

SUPERVI'VE, verb transitive [Latin super and vivo, to live.]

To live beyond; to outlive. The soul will supervive all the revolutions of nature. [Little used.] [See Survive.]

Supination

SUPINA'TION, noun [Latin supino.] The act of lying or state of being laid with the face upward.

2. The act of turning the palm of the hand upwards.

Lawrence's Lect.

Supinator

SUPINA'TOR, noun In anatomy, a muscle that turns the palm of the hand upward.

Supine

SUPI'NE, adjective [Latin supinus.] Lying on the back, or with the face upward; opposed to prone.

2. Leaning backward; or inclining with exposure to the sun.

If the vine

On rising ground be plac'd on hills supineÃ‚--

Dryden.

3. Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive.

He became pusillanimous and supine, and openly exposed to any temptation.

Woodward.

These men suffer by their supine credulity.

K. Charles.

Supine

SU'PINE, noun [Latin supinum.] In grammar, a word formed from a verb, or a modification of a verb.

Supinely

SUPI'NELY, adverb With the face upward.

2. Carelessly; indolently; drowsily; in a heedless, thoughtless state.

Who on beds of sin supinely lie.

Sandys.

Supineness

SUPI'NENESS, noun A lying with the face upward.

2. Indolence; drowsiness; heedlessness.

Many of the evils of life are owing to our own supineness.

Supinity

SUPINITY, for supineness, is not used.

Suppage

SUP'PAGE, noun [from sup.] What may be supped; pottage. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Suppalpation

SUPPALPA'TION, noun [Latin suppalpor; sub and palpor, to stroke.]

The act of enticing by soft words. [Not used.]

Hall.

Supparasitation

SUPPARASITA'TION, noun [Latin supparasitor; sub and parasite.]

The act of flattering merely to gain favor. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Suppedaneous

SUPPEDA'NEOUS, adjective [Latin sub and pes, the foot.]

Being under the feet.

Brown.

Suppeditate

SUPPED'ITATE, verb transitive [Latin suppedito.] To supply. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Suppeditation

SUPPEDITA'TION, noun [Latin suppeditatio.]

Supply; aid afforded. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Supper

SUP'PER, noun [French souper. See Sup.] The evening meal. People who dine late, eat no supper. The dinner of fashionable people would be the supper of rustics.

Supperless

SUP'PERLESS, adjective Wanting supper; being without supper; as, to go supperless to bed.

Spectator.

Supplant

SUPPLANT', verb transitive [French supplanter; Latin supplanto; sub and planta, the bottom of the foot.] To trip up the heels.

Supplanted down he fell.

Milton.

2. To remove or displace by stratagem; or to displace and take the place of; as, a rival supplants another in the affections of his mistress, or in the favor of his prince.

Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend.

Fell.

3. To overthrow; to undermine.

Supplantation

SUPPLANTA'TION, noun The act of supplanting.

Supplanted

SUPPLANT'ED, participle passive Tripped up; displaced.

Supplanter

SUPPLANT'ER, noun One that supplants.

Supplanting

SUPPLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Tripping up the heels; displacing by artifice.

Supple

SUP'PLE, adjective [French souple; Armoric soublat, soublein, to bend.]

1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as supple joints; supple fingers.

Bacon. Temple.

2. Yielding; compliant; not obstinate.

If punishmentÃ‚--makes not the will supple, it hardens the offender.

Locke.

3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning.

Addison.

4. That makes pliant; as supple government.

Shak.

Supple

SUP'PLE, verb transitive To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple lether.

2. To make compliant.

A mother persisting till she had suppled the will of her daughter.

Locke.

Supple

SUP'PLE, verb intransitive To become soft and pliant; as stones suppled into softness.

Dryden.

Suppled

SUP'PLED, participle passive Made soft and pliant; made compliant.

Supplement

SUP'PLEMENT, noun [French from Latin supplementum, suppleo; sub and pleo, to fill.]

1. Literally, a supply; hence, an addition to any thing by which its defects are supplied, and it is made more full and complete. The word is particularly used of an addition to a book or paper.

2. Store; supply. [Not in use.]

Chapman.

3. In trigonometry, the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees or a semicircle.

Supplemental

SUPPLEMENT'AL, or SUPPLEMENT'ARY, adjective Additional; added to supply what is wanted; as a supplemental law or bill.

Suppleness

SUP'PLENESS, noun [from supple.] Pliancy; pliableness; flexibility; the quality of being easily bent; as the suppleness of the joints.

2. Readiness of compliance; the quality of easily yielding; facility; as the suppleness of the will.

Locke.

Suppletory

SUP'PLETORY, adjective [from Latin suppleo, to supply.]

Supplying deficiencies; as a suppletory oath.

Blackstone.

Suppletory

SUP'PLETORY, noun That which is to supply what is wanted.

Hammond.

Supplial

SUPPLI'AL, noun The act of supplying. [Not used.]

Warburton.

Suppliance

SUPPLI'ANCE, noun Continuance. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Suppliant

SUP'PLIANT, adjective [French from supplier, to entreat, contracted from Latin supplico, to supplicate; sub and plico, to fold. See Comply and Apply.]

1. Entreating; beseeching; supplicating; asking earnestly and submissively.

The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud.

Dryden.

2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of humble supplication.

To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee.

Milton.

Suppliant

SUP'PLIANT, noun A humble petitioner; one who entreats submissively.

Spare this life, and hear thy suppliant's pray'r.

Dryden.

Suppliantly

SUP'PLIANTLY, adverb In a suppliant or submissive manner.

Supplicant

SUP'PLICANT, adjective [Latin supplicans.] Entreating; asking submissively.

Bp. Bull.

Supplicant

SUP'PLICANT, noun One that entreats; a petitioner who asks earnestly and submissively.

The wise supplicantÃ‚--left the event to God.

Rogers.

Supplicate

SUP'PLICATE, verb transitive [Latin supplico; sub and plico. See Suppliant.]

1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; as, to supplicate blessings on christian efforts to spread the gospel.

2. To address in prayer; as, to supplicate the throne of grace.

Supplicate

SUP'PLICATE, verb intransitive To entreat; to beseech; to implore; to petition with earnestness and submission.

A man cannot brook to supplicate or beg.

Bacon.

Supplication

SUPPLICA'TION, noun [French from Latin supplicatio.]

1. Entreaty; humble and earnest prayer in worship. In all our supplications to the Father of mercies, let us remember a world lying in ignorance and wickedness.

2. Petition; earnest request.

3. In Roman antiquity, a religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military success. It consisted in sacrifices, feasting, offering thanks, and praying for a continuance of success.

Encyc.

Supplicatory

SUP'PLICATORY, adjective Containing supplication; humble; submissive.

Johnson.

Supplied

SUPPLI'ED, participle passive [from supply.] Fully furnished; having a sufficiency.

Supplier

SUPPLI'ER, noun He that supplies.

Supply

SUPPLY', verb transitive [Latin suppleo; sub and pleo, disused, to fill; French suppleer; Spanish suplir; Italian supplire.]

1. To fill up, as any deficiency happens; to furnish what is wanted; to afford or furnish a sufficiency; as, to supply the poor with bread and clothing; to supply the daily wants of nature; to supply the navy with masts and spars; to supply the treasury with money. The city is well supplied with water.

I wanted nothing fortune could supply.

Dryden.

2. To serve instead of.

Burning ships the banish'd sun supply.

Waller.

3. To give; to bring or furnish.

Nearer care supplies

Sighs to my breast, and sorrow to my eyes.

Prior.

4. To fill vacant room.

The sun was set, and Vesper to supply

His absent beams, had lighted up the sky.

Dryden.

5. To fill; as, to supply a vacancy.

6. In general, to furnish; to give or afford what is wanted.

Modern infidelity supplies no such motives.

Rob. Hall.

Supply

SUPPLY', noun Sufficiency for wants given or furnished. The poor have a daily supply of food; the army has ample supplies of provisions and munitions of war. Customs, taxes and excise constitute the supplies of revenue.

Supplying

SUPPLY'ING, participle of the present tense Yielding or furnishing what is wanted; affording a sufficiency.

Supplyment

SUPPLY'MENT, noun A furnishing. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Support

SUPPORT, verb transitive [French supporter; Italian sopportare; Latin supporto; sub and porto, to carry.]

1. To bear; to sustain; to uphold; as, a prop or pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the stem of a tree supports the branches. Every edifice must have a foundation to support it; a rope or cord supports a weight.

2. To endure without being overcome; as, to support pain, distress or misfortunes.

This fierce demeanor and his insolence,

The patience of a God could not support.

Dryden.

3. To bear; to endure; as, to support fatigues or hardships; to support violent exertions. The eye will not support the light of the sun's disk.

4. To sustain; to keep from fainting or sinking; as, to support the courage or spirits.

5. To sustain; to act or represent well; as, to support the character of king Lear; to support the part assigned.

6. To bear; to supply funds for or the means of continuing; as, to support the annual expenses of government.

7. To sustain; to carry on; as, to support a war or a contest; to support an argument or debate.

8. To maintain with provisions and the necessary means of living; as, to support a family; to support a son in college; to support the ministers of the gospel.

9. To maintain; to sustain; to keep from failing; as, to support life; to support the strength by nourishment.

10. To sustain without change or dissolution; as, clay supports an intense heat.

11. To bear; to keep from sinking; as, water supports ships and other bodies; air supports a balloon.

12. To bear without being exhausted; to be able to pay; as, to support taxes or contributions.

13. To sustain; to maintain; as, to support a good character.

14. To maintain; to verify; to make good; to substantiate. The testimony is not sufficient to support the charges; the evidence will not support the statements or allegations; the impeachment is well supported by evidence.

15. To uphold by aid or countenance; as, to support a friend or a party.

16. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able to support one's own cause.

Support

SUPPORT, noun The act or operation of upholding or sustaining.

2. That which upholds, sustains or keeps from falling, as a prop, a pillar, a foundation of any kind.

3. That which maintains life; as, food is the support of life, of the body, of strength. Oxygen or vital air has been supposed to be the support of respiration and of heat in the blood.

4. Maintenance; subsistence; as an income sufficient for the support of a family; or revenue for the support of the army and navy.

5. Maintenance; an upholding; continuance in any state, or preservation from falling, sinking or failing; as taxes necessary for the support of public credit; a revenue for the support of government.

6. In general, the maintenance or sustaining of any thing without suffering it to fail, decline or languish; as the support of health, spirits, strength or courage; the support of reputation, credit, &c.

7. That which upholds or relieves; aid; help; succor; assistance.

Supportable

SUPPORTABLE, adjective [French] That may be upheld or sustained.

2. That may be borne or endured; as, the pain is supportable, or not supportable. Patience renders evils supportable.

3. Tolerable; that may be borne without resistance or punishment; as, such insults are not supportable.

4. That can be maintained; as, the cause or opinion is supportable.

Supportableness

SUPPORTABLENESS, noun The state of being tolerable.

Hammond.

Supportance

SUPPORTANCE, noun Maintenance; support. [Not in use.]

Supportation

SUPPORTA'TION, noun Maintenance; support. [Not in use.]

Supported

SUPPOR'TED, participle passive Borne; endured; upheld; maintained; subsisted; sustained; carried on.

Supporter

SUPPORTER, noun One that supports or maintains.

2. That which supports or upholds; a prop, a pillar, &c.

The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured.

Bacon.

3. A sustainer; a comforter.

The saints have a companion and supporter in all their miseries.

South.

4. A maintainer; a defender.

Worthy supporters of such a reigning impiety.

South.

5. One who maintains or helps to carry on; as the supporters of a war.

6. An advocate; a defender; a vindicator; as the supporters of religion, morality, justice, &c.

7. An adherent; one who takes part; as the supporter of a party or faction.

8. In ship-building, a knee placed under the cat-head.

9. Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of beasts that appear to support the arms.

Johnson.

Supportful

SUPPORTFUL, adjective Abounding with support. [Not used.]

Supporting

SUPPORTING, participle of the present tense Bearing; enduring; upholding; sustaining; maintaining; subsisting; vindicating.

Supportless

SUPPORTLESS, adjective Having no support.

Battle of Frogs and Mice.

Supportment

SUPPORTMENT, noun Support. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Supposable

SUPPO'SABLE, adjective [from suppose.] That may be supposed; that may be imagined to exist. That is not a supposable case.

Supposal

SUPPO'SAL, noun [from suppose.] Position without proof; the imagining of something to exist; supposition.

Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal at least, of a firm and sufficient bottom. Obs.

South.

Suppose

SUPPOSE, v. t. suppo'ze. [French supposer; Latin suppositus, suppono; Italian supporre; Spanish suponer; sub and pono, to put.]

1. To lay down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be true, though not known or believed to be true or to exist; or to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration. Let us suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what would be the consequence?

When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could possibly, supposing it were, we ought not to doubt of its existence.

Tillotson.

2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true.

Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead. 2 Samuel 13.

3. To imagine; to think.

I suppose,

If our proposals once again were heardÃ‚--

Milton.

4. To require to exist or be true. The existence of things supposes the existence of a cause of the things.

One falsehood supposes another, and renders all you say suspected.

Female Quixote.

5. To put one thing by fraud in the place of another. [Not in use.]

Suppose

SUPPO'SE, noun Supposition; position without proof.

Ã‚--Fit to be trusted on a bare suppose

That he is honest. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Supposed

SUPPO'SED, participle passive Laid down or imagined as true; imagined; believed; received as true.

Supposer

SUPPO'SER, noun One who supposes.

Shak.

Supposing

SUPPO'SING, participle of the present tense Laying down or imagining to exist or be true; stating as a case that may be; imagining; receiving as true.

Supposition

SUPPOSI'TION, noun The act of laying down, imagining or admitting as true or existing, what is known not to be true, or what is not proved.

2. The position of something known not to be true or not proved; hypothesis.

This is only an infallibility upon supposition that if a thing be true, it is impossible to be false.

Tillotson.

3. Imagination; belief without full evidence.

Supposititious

SUPPOSITI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin supposititius, from suppositus, suppono.]

Put by trick in the place or character belonging to another; not genuine; as a supposititious child; a supposititious writing.

Addison.

Supposititiousness

SUPPOSITI'TIOUSNESS, noun The state of being supposititious.

Suppositive

SUPPOS'ITIVE, adjective Supposed; including or implying supposition.

Chillingworth.

Suppositive

SUPPOS'ITIVE, noun [supra.] A word denoting or implying supposition.

Harris.

Suppositively

SUPPOS'ITIVELY, adverb With, by or upon supposition.

Hammond.

Suppository

SUPPOS'ITORY, noun [French suppositoire.] In medicine, a long cylindrical body introduced into the rectum to procure stools when clysters cannot be administered.

Parr.

Suppress

SUPPRESS', verb transitive [Latin suppressus, supprimo; sub and premo, to press.]

1. To overpower and crush; to subdue; to destroy; as, to suppress a rebellion; to suppress a mutiny or riot; to suppress opposition.

Every rebellion when it is suppressed, makes the subject weaker, and the government stronger.

Davies.

2. To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent; as, to suppress the voice; to suppress sighs.

3. To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to tell or reveal; as, to suppress evidence.

She suppresses the name, and this keeps him in a pleasing suspense.

Broome.

4. To retain without communication or making public; as, to suppress a letter; to suppress a manuscript.

5. To stifle; to stop; to hinder from circulation; as, to suppress a report.

6. To stop; to restrain; to obstruct from discharges; as, to suppress a diarrhea, a hemorrhage and the like.

Suppressed

SUPPRESS'ED, participle passive Crushed; destroyed; retained; concealed; stopped; obstructed.

Suppressing

SUPPRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Subduing; destroying; retaining closely; concealing; hindering from disclosure or publication; obstructing.

Suppression

SUPPRES'SION, noun [French from Latin suppressio.]

1. The act of suppressing, crushing or destroying; as the suppression of a riot, insurrection or tumult.

2. The act of retaining from utterance, vent or disclosure; concealment; as the suppression of truth, of reports, of evidence and the like.

3. The retaining of any thing from public notice; as the suppression of a letter or any writing.

4. The stoppage, obstruction or morbid retention of discharges; as the suppression of urine, of diarrhea or other discharge.

5. In grammar or composition, omission; as the suppression of a word.

Suppressive

SUPPRESS'IVE, adjective Tending to suppress; subduing; concealing.

Seward.

Suppressor

SUPPRESS'OR, noun One that suppresses; one that subdues; one that prevents utterance, disclosure or communication.

Suppurate

SUP'PURATE, verb intransitive [Latin suppuro; sub and pus, puris; French suppurer; Italian suppurare.]

To generate pus; as, a boil or abscess suppurates.

Suppurate

SUP'PURATE, verb transitive To cause to suppurate. [In this sense, unusual.]

Arbuthnot.

Suppurating

SUP'PURATING, participle of the present tense Generating pus.

Suppuration

SUPPURA'TION, noun [French from Latin suppuratio.]

1. The process of generating purulent matter, or of forming pus, as in a wound or abscess; one of the natural terminations of healthy inflammation.

Cyc. Cooper. Wiseman.

2. The matter generated by suppuration.

Suppurative

SUP'PURATIVE, adjective [French suppuratif.] Tending to suppurate; promoting suppuration.

Suppurative

SUP'PURATIVE, noun A medicine that promotes suppuration.

Supputation

SUPPUTA'TION, noun [Latin supputatio, supputo; sub and puto, to think.]

Reckoning; account; computation.

Holder.

Suppute

SUPPU'TE, verb transitive [Latin supputo, supra.] To reckon; to compute. [Not in use.]

Supra

SUPRA, a Latin preposition, signifying above, over or beyond.

Supra-Axillary

SUPRA-AX'ILLARY, adjective [supra and axil.] In botany, growing above the axil; inserted above the axil; as a peduncle. [See Suprafoliaceous.]

Lee.

Supraciliary

SUPRACIL'IARY, adjective [Latin supra and cilium, eyebrow.]

Situated above the eyebrow.

Ure.

Supra-Decompound

SUPRA-DECOM'POUND, adjective [supra and decompound.]

More than decompound; thrice compound. A supra-decompound leaf, is when a petiole divided several times, connects many leaflets; each part forming a decompound leaf.

Martyn.

Suprafoliaceous

SUPRAFOLIA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin supra and folium, a leaf.]

In botany, inserted into the stem above the leaf or petiole, or axil, as a peduncle or flower.

Martyn.

Supralapsarian

SUPRALAPSA'RIAN, or SUPRALAP'SARY, adjective [Latin supra and lapsus, fall.] Antecedent to the apostasy of Adam.

Supralapsarian

SUPRALAPSA'RIAN, noun One who maintains that God, antecedent to the fall of man or any knowledge of it, decreed the apostasy and all its consequences, determining to save some and condemn others, and that in all he does he considers his own glory only.

Encyc.

Supramundane

SUPRAMUN'DANE, adjective [Latin supra and mundus, the world.]

Being or situated above the world or above our system.

Supra-Orbital

SUPRA-ORB'ITAL, adjective [supra and orbit.] Being above the orbit of the eye.

Suprarenal

SUPRARE'NAL, adjective [Latin supra and ren, renes, the kidneys.]

Situated above the kidneys.

Suprascapulary

SUPRASCAP'ULARY, adjective [Latin supra and scapula.]

Being above the scapula.

Supravulgar

SUPRAVUL'GAR, adjective [supra and vulgar.] Being above the vulgar or common people.

Collier.

Supremacy

SUPREM'ACY, noun [See Supreme.] State of being supreme or in the highest station of power; highest authority or power; as the supremacy of the king of Great Britain; or the supremacy of parliament.

The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was restored to its supremacy over spiritual men and causes.

Blackstone.

Oath of supremacy, in Great Britain, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of the king in spiritual affairs, and renounces or abjures the pretended supremacy of the pope.

Supreme

SUPRE'ME, adjective [Latin supremus, from supra; French suprÃƒ-ªme.]

1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in government or power. In the United States, the congress is supreme in regulating commerce and in making war and peace. The parliament of Great Britain is supreme in legislation; but the king is supreme in the administration of the government. In the universe, God only is the supreme ruler and judge. His commands are supreme, and binding on all his creatures.

2. Highest, greatest or most excellent; as supreme love; supreme glory; supreme degree.

3. It is sometimes used in a bad sense; as supreme folly or baseness, folly or baseness carried to the utmost extent. [A bad use of the word.]

Supremely

SUPRE'MELY, adverb With the highest authority. He rules supremely.

2. In the highest degree; to the utmost extent; as supremely blest.

Pope.

Sur

SUR, a prefix, from the French, contracted from Latin super, supra, signifies over, above, beyond, upon.

Suraddition

SURADDI'TION, noun [French sur, on or upon, and addition.]

Something added to the name. [Not used.]

Shak.

Sural

SU'RAL, adjective [Latin sura.] Being in or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as the sural artery.

Wiseman.

Surance

SU'RANCE, for assurance, not used.

Shak.

Surbase

SUR'BASE, noun [sur and base.] A border or molding above the base.

Pennant.

Surbased

SUR'BASED, adjective Having a surbase, or molding above the base.

Surbate

SURBA'TE, verb transitive [Italian sobattere; either Latin sub and battere, or solea, sole, and battere, to beat the sole or hoof.]

1. To bruise or batter the feet by travel.

Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet.

Mortimer.

2. To harass; to fatigue.

Clarendon.

Surbated

SURBA'TED, participle passive Bruised in the feet; harassed; fatigued.

Surbating

SURBA'TING, participle of the present tense Bruising the feet of; fatiguing.

Surbeat or surbet, for surbate, not in use.

Surbed

SURBED', verb transitive [sur and bed.] To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, in a position different from that which it had in the quarry.

Plot.

Surcease

SURCE'ASE, verb intransitive [French sur and cesser, to cease.]

1. To cease; to stop; to be at an end.

Donne.

2. To leave off; to practice no longer; to refrain finally.

So pray'd he, whilst an angel's voice from high,

Bade him surcease to importune the sky.

Harte.

[This word is entirely useless, being precisely synonymous with cease, and it is nearly obsolete.]

Surcease

SURCE'ASE, verb transitive To stop; to cause to cease. Obs.

Surcease

SURCE'ASE, noun Cessation; stop.

Obs.

Surcharge

SURCH`ARGE, verb transitive [French surcharger; sur and charge.]

1. To overload; to overburden; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon.

Your head reclin'd, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharg'd with morning dew.

Dryden.

2. In law, to overstock; to put more cattle into a common than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain.

Blackstone.

Surcharge

SURCH`ARGE, noun An excessive load or burden; a load greater than can be well borne.

Bacon.

Surcharged

SURCH`ARGED, participle passive Overloaded; overstocked.

Surcharger

SURCH`ARGER, noun One that overloads or overstocks.

Surcharging

SURCH`ARGING, participle of the present tense Overloading; burdening to excess; overstocking with cattle or beasts.

Surcingle

SUR'CINGLE, noun [French sur, upon, and Latin cingulum, a belt.]

1. A belt, band or girth which passes over a saddle, or over any thing laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.

2. The girdle of a cassoc.

Marvel.

Surcingled

SUR'CINGLED, adjective Girt; bound with a surcingle.

Hall.

Surcle

SUR'CLE, noun [Latin surculus.] A little shoot; a twig; a sucker.

Surcoat

SUR'COAT, noun [French sur and coat.] A short coat worn over the other clothes.

Camden.

Surcrew

SUR'CREW, noun [sur and crew.] Additional crew or collection. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Surculate

SUR'CULATE, verb transitive [Latin surculo.] To prune. [Not in use.]

Surculation

SURCULA'TION, noun The act of pruning. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Surd

SURD, adjective [Latin surdus, deaf.] Deaf; not having the sense of hearing. [Not used.]

2. Unheard. [Not used.]

3. Designating a quantity whose root cannot be exactly expressed in numbers.

Surd

SURD, noun In algebra, a quantity whose root cannot be exactly expressed in numbers. Thus 2 is a surd number, because there is no number which multiplied into itself, will exactly produce 2.

Surdity

SURD'ITY, noun Deafness. [Not used.]

Sure

SURE, a. share. [French sÃƒ-»r, seur; Armoric sur; Norm. seor, seur. In German zwar signifies indeed, to be sure, it is true; which leads me to suspect sure to be contracted from the root of sever, in Latin assevero, and to be connected with swear, and perhaps with Latin verus; s being the remains of a prefix.]

1. Certain; unfailing; infallible.

The testimony of the Lord is sure. Psalm 19.

We have also a more sure word of prophecy. 2 Peter 1.

2. Certainly knowing, or having full confidence.

We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truthÃ‚-- Romans 2.

Now we are sure that thou knowest all things. John 16.

3. Certain; safe; firm; permanent.

Thy kingdom shall be sure to thee. Danish iv.

4. Firm; stable; steady; not liable to failure, loss or change; as a sure covenant. 2 Samuel 23. Nehemiah 9. Isaiah 28.

The Lord will make my lord a sure house. 1 Samuel 25.

So we say, to stand sure, to be sure of foot.

5. Certain of obtaining or of retaining; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.

6. Strong; secure; not liable to be broken or disturbed.

Go your way, make it as sure as ye can. Matthew 27.

7. Certain; not liable to failure. The income is sure.

To be sure, or be sure, certainly. Shall you go? be sure I shall.

To make sure, to make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object.

Make sure of Cato.

Addison.

A peace cannot fail, provided we make sure of Spain.

Temple.

Give all diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Peter 1.

Sure

SURE, adverb Certainly; without doubt; doubtless.

Sure the queen would wish him still unknown.

Smith.

[But in this sense, surely is more generally used.]

Surefooted

SUREFOOT'ED, adjective [sure and foot.] Not liable to stumble or fall; as a surefooted horse.

Surely

SU'RELY, adverb Certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly.

In the day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Genesis 2.

He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small.

South.

2. Firmly; without danger of falling.

He that walketh uprightly, walketh surely. Proverbs 10.

Sureness

SU'RENESS, noun Certainty.

For more sureness he repeats it. [Little used.]

Woodward.

Suretiship

SU'RETISHIP, noun [from surety.] The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for another, and make good any debt or loss which may occur from another's delinquency.

He that hateth suretiship is sure. Proverbs 11.

Surety

SU'RETY, noun [French suretÃƒ-©.] Certainty; indubitableness.

Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirsÃ‚-- Genesis 15.

2. Security; safety.

Yet for the more surety they looked round about.

Sidney.

3. Foundation of stability; support.

We our state

Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds;

On other surety none.

Milton.

4. Evidence; ratification; confirmation.

She call'd the saints to surety,

That she would never put it from her finger,

Unless she gave it to yourself.

Shak.

5. Security against loss or damage; security for payment.

There remains unpaid

A hundred thousand more, in surety of the which

One part of Aquitain is bound to us.

Shak.

6. In law, one that is bound with and for another; one who enters into a bond or recognizance to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt or for the performance of some act, and who, in case of the principal debtor's failure, is compellable to pay the debt or damages; a bondsman; a bail.

He that is surety for a stranger, shall smart for it. Proverbs 11.

Thy servant became surety for the lad to my father. Genesis 44.

7. In Scripture, Christ is called ``the surety of a better testament.' Hebrews 7:22. He undertook to make atonement for the sins of men, and thus prepare the way to deliver them from the punishment to which they had rendered themselves liable.

8. A hostage.

Surf

SURF, noun The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, or upon sand banks or rocks.

Mar. Dict.

2. In agriculture, the bottom or conduit of a drain. [Local.]

Surface

SUR'FACE, noun [F. sur, upon, and face.]

The exterior part of any thing that has length and breadth; one of the limits that terminates a solid; the superficies; outside; as the surface of the earth; the surface of the sea; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body; the surface of a cylinder; an even or an uneven surface; a smooth or rough surface; a spherical surface.

Newton. Pope.

Surfeit

SURFEIT, verb transitive sur'fit. [French sur, over, and faire, fait, to do, Latin facio.]

1. To feed with meat or drink, so as to oppress the stomach and derange the functions of the system; to overfeed and produce sickness or uneasiness.

2. To cloy; to fill to satiety and disgust. He surfeits us with his eulogies.

Surfeit

SUR'FEIT, verb intransitive To be fed till the system is oppressed and sickness or uneasiness ensues.

They are as sick that surfeit with too much, as they that starve with nothing.

Shak.

Surfeit

SUR'FEIT, noun Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned by excessive eating and drinking. He has not recovered from a surfeit.

2. Excess in eating and drinking.

Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made.

Shak.

Surfeited

SUR'FEITED, participle passive Surcharged and oppressed with eating and drinking to excess; cloyed.

Surfeiter

SUR'FEITER, noun One who riots; a glutton.

Shak.

Surfeiting

SUR'FEITING, participle of the present tense Oppressing the system by excessive eating and drinking; cloying; loading or filling to disgust.

Surfeiting

SUR'FEITING, noun The act of feeding to excess; gluttony. Luke 21.

Surfeit-Water

SUR'FEIT-WATER, noun [surfeit and water.] Water for the cure of surfeits.

Locke.

Surge

SURGE, noun [Latin surgo, to rise; Sanscrit surgo, highth.]

1. A large wave or billow; a great rolling swell of water. [it is not applied to small waves, and is chiefly used in poetry and eloquence.]

He flies aloft, and with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges to the shore.

Dryden.

2. In ship-building, the tapered part in front of the whelps, between the chocks of a capstan, on which the messenger may surge.

Cyc.

Surge

SURGE, verb transitive To let go a portion of a rope suddenly. Surge the messenger.

Mar. Dict.

Surge

SURGE, verb intransitive To swell; to rise high and roll; as waves.

The surging waters like a mountain rise.

Spenser.

2. To slip back; as, the cable surges.

Surgeless

SURGELESS, adjective surj'less. Free from surges; smooth; calm.

Surgeon

SUR'GEON, n. sur'jen. [contracted from chirurgeon.]

One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation. In a more general sense, one whose occupation is to cure external diseases, whether by manual operation, or by medicines externally or internally.

Surgery

SUR'GERY, noun Properly, the act of healing by manual operation; or that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body. In a more general sense, the act of healing external diseases by manual operation or by medicines; or that branch of medical science which has for its principal object the cure of external injuries.

Cooper.

Surgical

SUR'GICAL, adjective Pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery.

Surging

SUR'GING, participle of the present tense Swelling and rolling, as billows.

Surging waves against a solid rock.

Milton.

Surgy

SUR'GY, adjective Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; as the surgy main.

Pope.

Suricate

SU'RICATE, noun An animal like the ichneumon; the four toed weasel.

Dict.

Surlily

SUR'LILY, adverb [from surly.] In a surly, morose manner.

Surliness

SUR'LINESS, noun Gloomy moroseness; crabbed ill nature; as the surliness of a dog.

Surling

SUR'LING, noun A sour morose fellow. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Surly

SUR'LY, adjective [Welsh swr, surly, snarling; swri, surliness, sullenness. Qu. its alliance with sour.]

1. Gloomily morose; crabbed; snarling; sternly sour; rough; cross and rude; as a surly groom a surly dog.

That surly spirit, melancholy.

Shak.

2. Rough; dark; tempestuous.

Now soften'd into joy the surly storm.

Thomson.

Surmisal

SURMI'SAL, noun Surmise. [Not is use.]

Surmise

SURMISE, v. t surmi'ze. [Norm. surmys, alledged; surmitter, to surmise, to accuse, to suggest; French sur and mettre, to put.]

To suspect; to imagine without certain knowledge; to entertain thoughts that something does or will exist, but upon slight evidence.

It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew

That what before she but surmis'd, was true.

Dryden.

This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it.

Woodward.

Surmise

SURMI'SE, noun Suspicion; the thought or imagination that something may be, of which however there is no certain or strong evidence; as the surmises of jealousy or of envy.

We double honor gain

From his surmise prov'd false.

Milton.

No man ought to be charged with principles he disowns, unless his practices contradict his professions; not upon small surmises.

Swift.

Surmised

SURMI'SED, participle passive Suspected; imagined upon slight evidence.

Surmiser

SURMI'SER, noun One who surmises.

Surmising

SURMI'SING, participle of the present tense Suspecting; imagining upon slight evidence.

Surmising

SURMI'SING, noun The act of suspecting; surmise; as evil surmisings. 1 Timothy 6.

Surmount

SURMOUNT', verb transitive [French surmonter; sur and monter, to ascend.]

1. To rise above.

The mountains of Olympus, Atho and Atlas, surmount all winds and clouds.

Raleigh.

2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles.

3. To surpass; to exceed.

What surmounts the reach

Of human senseÃ‚--

Milton.

Surmountable

SURMOUNT'ABLE, adjective That may be overcome; superable.

Surmounted

SURMOUNT'ED, participle passive Overcome; conquered; surpassed.

Surmounter

SURMOUNT'ER, noun One that surmounts.

Surmounting

SURMOUNT'ING, participle of the present tense Rising above; overcoming; surpassing.

Surmullet

SURMUL'LET, noun A fish of the genus Mullus, (M. barbatus) remarkable for the brilliancy of its colors, and for the changes which they undergo as the fish expires. The name is also applied to other species of the genus.

Ed. Encyc.

Surmulot

SUR'MULOT, noun A name given by Buffon to the brown or Norway rat.

Ed. Encyc.

Surname

SUR'NAME, noun [French surnom; Italian soprannome; Spanish sobrenombre; Latin super and nomen.]

1. An additional name; a name or appellation added to the baptismal or christian name, and which becomes a family name. Surnames, with us originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person. Thus William Rufus or red; Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner.

2. An appellation added to the original name.

My surname Coriolanus.

Shak.

Surname

SURNA'ME, verb transitive [French surnommer.] To name or call by an appellation added to the original name.

Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Isaiah 44.

And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark 3.

Surnamed

SURNA'MED, participle passive Called by a name added to the christian or original name.

Surnaming

SURNA'MING, participle of the present tense Naming by an appellation added to the original name.

Suroxyd

SUROX'YD, noun [sur and oxyd.] That which contains an addition of oxyd. [Little used.]

Suroxydate

SUROX'YDATE, verb transitive To form a suroxyd. [Little used.]

Surpass

SURP`ASS, verb transitive [French surpasser; sur and passer, to pass beyond.]

To exceed; to excel; to go beyond in any thing good or bad. Homer surpasses modern poets in sublimity. Pope surpasses most other poets in smoothness of versification. Achilles surpassed the other Greeks in strength and courage. Clodius surpassed all men in the profligacy of his life. Perhaps no man ever surpassed Washington in genuine patriotism and integrity of life.

Surpassable

SURP`ASSABLE, adjective That may be exceeded.

Dict.

Surpassed

SURP`ASSED, participle passive Exceeded; excelled.

Surpassing

SURP`ASSING, participle of the present tense Exceeding; going beyond.

2. adjective Excellent in an eminent degree; exceeding others.

O thou, that with surpassing glory crown'dÃ‚--

Milton.

Surpassingly

SURP`ASSINGLY, adverb In a very excellent manner; or in a degree surpassing others.

Surplice

SURPLICE, noun sur'plis. [French surplis; Spanish sobrepelliz; Latin super pellicium, above the robe of fur.]

A white garment worn by clergymen of some denominations over their other dress, in their ministrations. It is particularly the habit of the clergy of the church of England.

Surpliced

SUR'PLICED, adjective Wearing a surplice.

Mallet.

Surplice-Fees

SUR'PLICE-FEES, noun [surplice and fees.]

Fees paid to the clergy for occasional duties.

Warton.

Surplus

SUR'PLUS, noun [French sur and plus, Latin id., more.]

1. Overplus; that which remains when use is satisfied; excess beyond what is prescribed or wanted. In the United States, the surplus of wheat and rye not required for consumption or exportation, is distilled.

2. In law, the residuum of an estate, after the debts and legacies are paid.

Surplusage

SURPLUS'AGE, noun Surplus; as surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted.

2. In law, something in the pleadings or proceedings not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.

3. In accounts, a greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant amounteth to.

Rees.

Surprisal

SURPRISAL, noun surpri'zal. [See Surprise.]

The act of surprising or coming upon suddenly and unexpectedly; or the state of being taken unawares.

Surprise

SURPRISE, verb transitive surpri'ze. [French from surprendre; sur and prendre, to take; Italian sorpresa, sorprendere; Spanish sorpresa, sorprehender; Latin super, supra, and prendo, to take.]

1. To come or fall upon suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares.

The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak.

Who can speak

The mingled passions that surpris'd his heart.

Thomson.

2. To strike with wonder or astonishment by something sudden, unexpected or remarkable, either in conduct, words or story, or by the appearance of something unusual. Thus we are surprised at desperate acts of heroism, or at the narration of wonderful events, or at the sight of things of uncommon magnitude or curious structure.

3. To confuse; to throw the mind into disorder by something suddenly presented to the view or to the mind.

Up he starts, discover'd and surpris'd.

Milton.

Surprise

SURPRI'SE, noun The act of coming upon unawares, or of taking suddenly and without preparation. The fort was taken by surprise.

2. The state of being taken unexpectedly.

3. An emotion excited by something happening suddenly and unexpectedly, as something novel told or presented to view. Nothing could exceed his surprise at the narration of these adventures. It expresses less than wonder and astonishment.

4. A dish with nothing in it. [Not in use.]

King.

Surprised

SURPRI'SED, participle passive Come upon or taken unawares; struck with something novel or unexpected.

Surprising

SURPRI'SING, participle of the present tense Falling on or taking suddenly or unawares; striking with something novel; taking by a sudden or unexpected attack.

2. adjective Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment; as surprising bravery; surprising patience; a surprising escape from danger.

Surprisingly

SURPRI'SINGLY, adverb In a manner or degree that excites surprise. He exerted himself surprisingly to save the life of his companion.

Surquedry

SUR'QUEDRY, noun [sur and Norm. French cuider, to think. Qu.Spanish cuidar, to ?. See Heed.] Overweening pride; arrogance. [Not is use.]

Spenser.

Surrebut

SURREBUT', verb intransitive [sur and rebut.] In legal pleadings, to reply, as a plaintif, to a defendant's rebutter.

Surrebutter

SURREBUT'TER, noun The plaintif's reply in pleading to a defendant's rebutter.

Blackstone.

Surrejoin

SURREJOIN', verb intransitive [sur and rejoin.] In legal pleadings, to reply, as a plaintif to a detendant's rejoinder.

Surrejoinder

SURREJOIN'DER, noun The answer of a plaintif to a defendant's rejoinder.

Surrender

SURREN'DER, verb transitive [French sur, Latin sursum, and rendre, to render.]

1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's person to an enemy, or to commissioners of bankrupt; to surrender a fort or a ship.

[To surrender up is not elegant.]

2. To yield; to give up; to resign in favor of another; as, to surrender a right or privilege; to surrender a place or an office.

3. To give up; to resign; as, to surrender the breath.

4. In law, to yield an estate, as a tenant, into the hands of the lord for such purposes as are expressed in the act.

Blackstone.

5. To yield to any influence, passion or power; as, to surrender one'self to grief, to despair, to indolence or to sleep.

Surrender

SURREN'DER, verb intransitive To yield; to give up one's self into the power of another. The enemy seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.

Surrender

SURREN'DER, noun The act of yielding or resigning one's person or the possession of something, into the power of another; as the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right or of a claims.

2. A yielding or giving up.

3. In law, the yielding of an estate by a tenant to the lord, for such purposes as are expressed by the tenant in the act.

Blackstone.

Surrendered

SURREN'DERED, participle passive Yielded or delivered to the power of another; given up; resigned.

Surrenderee

SURRENDEREE', noun In law, a person to whom the lord grants surrendered land; the cesluy que use.

Surrendering

SURREN'DERING, participle of the present tense Yielding or giving up to the power of another; resigning.

Surrenderor

SURREN'DEROR, noun The tenant who surrenders an estate into the hands of his lord.

Till the admittance of cestuy que use, the lord takes notice of the surrenderor as his tenant.

Blackstone.

Surrendry

SURREN'DRY, noun A surrender. [Surrender is the most elegant and best authorized.]

Surreption

SURREP'TION, noun [Latin surreptus, surrepo; sub and repo, to creep.]

A coming unperceived; a stealing upon insensibly. [Little used.]

Surreptitious

SURREPTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin surreptitius, supra.]

Done by stealth or without proper authority; made or introduced fraudulently; as a surreptitious passage in a manuscript.

A correct copy of the Dunciad, the many surreptitious ones have rendered necessary.

Letter to Publisher of Dunciad.

Surreptitiously

SURREPTI'TIOUSLY, adverb By stealth; without authority; fraudulently.

Surrogate

SUR'ROGATE, noun [Latin surrogatus, surrogo, subrogo; sub and rogo, to propose. Rogo, to ask or propose, signifies primarily to reach, put or thrust forward; and subrogo is to put or set in the place of another.]

In a general sense, a deputy; a delegate; a substitute; particularly, the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor. In some of the United States, the judge of probate, of wills and testaments.

Surrogate

SUR'ROGATE, verb transitive To put in the place of another. [Little used.]

Surrogation

SURROGA'TION, noun The act of substituting one person in the place of another. [Little used.]

Surround

SURROUND', verb transitive [sur and round, French rond.]

1. To encompass; to environ; to inclose on all sides; as, to surround a city. They surrounded a body of the enemy.

2. To lie or be on all sides of; as, a wall or ditch surrounds the city.

Surrounded

SURROUND'ED, participle passive Encompassed; inclosed; beset.

Surrounding

SURROUND'ING, participle of the present tense Encompassing; inclosing; lying on all sides of.

Sursolid

SURSOL'ID, noun [sur and solid, or surdesolid.]

In mathematics, the fifth power of a number; or the product of the fourth multiplication of a number considered as the root. Thus 3Ãƒ--3=9, the square of 3, and 9Ãƒ--3=27, the third power or cube, and 27Ãƒ--3=81, the fourth power, and 81Ãƒ--3=243, which is the sursolid of 3.

Sursolid

SURSOL'ID, adjective Denoting the fifth power. Sursolid problem, is that which cannot be resolved but by curves of a higher kind than the conic sections.

Rees.

Surtout

SURTOUT, noun [French sur-tout, over all.] A man's coat to be worn over his other garments.

Surturbrand

SUR'TURBRAND, noun Fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood; so called in Iceland.

Ure.

Survene

SURVE'NE, verb transitive [French survenir; sur and venir, to come.]

To supervene; to come as an addition; as a suppuration that survenes lethargies. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Survey

SURVEY, verb transitive [Norm. surveer, surveoir; sur and French voir, to see or look, contracted from Latin video, videre.]

1. To inspect or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the surrounding country. It denotes more particular and deliberate attention than look or see.

2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine.

With such alter'd looks,

All pale and speechless, he survey'd me round.

Dryden.

3. To examine with reference to condition, situation and value; as, to survey a building to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.

4. To measure, as land; or to ascertain the contents of land by lines and angles.

5. To examine or ascertain the position and distances of objects on the shore of the sea, the depth of water, nature of the bottom, and whatever may be necessary to facilitate the navigation of the waters and render the entrance into harbors, sounds and rivers easy and safe. Thus officers are employed to survey the coast and make charts of the same.

6. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same.

7. To examine and ascertain, as the state of agriculture.

Survey

SUR'VEY, noun [formerly accented on the last syllable.]

1. An attentive view; a look or looking with care. He took a survey of the whole landscape.

Under his proud survey the city lies.

Denham.

2. A particular view; an examination of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity or quality; as a survey of the stores, provisions or munitions of a ship. So also a survey of roads and bridges is made by proper officers; a survey of buildings is intended to ascertain their condition, value and exposure to fire. A survey of land includes mensuration and the ascertainment of quantity. A survey of a harbor, sound or coast comprehends an examination of the distance and bearing of points of land, isles, shoals, depth of water, course of channels, &c. A survey of agriculture includes a view of the state of property, buildings, fences, modes of cultivation, crops, gardens, orchards, woods, livestock, &c. And in general, survey denotes a particular view and examination of any thing.

3. In the United States, a district for the collection of the customs, under the inspection and authority of a particular officer.

Trigonometrical survey, the measurement of an arc of the meridian by means of a series of triangles.

Surveyed

SURVEYED, participle passive Viewed with attention; examined; measured.

Surveying

SURVEYING, participle of the present tense Viewing with attention; examining particularly; measuring.

Surveying

SURVEYING, noun That branch of mathematics which teaches the art of measuring land.

Surveyor

SURVEYOR, noun An overseer; one placed to superintend others.

Shak.

2. One that views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity or quality of any thing; as a surveyor of land; a surveyor of highways; surveyors of ordnance. In the customs, a gauger; an officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors subject to duty; also in the United States, an officer who ascertains the weight and quantity of goods subject to duty.

Surveyor-General

SURVEYOR-GENERAL, noun A principal surveyor; as the surveyor-general of the king's manors, or of woods and parks in England. In the United States, the chief surveyor of lands; as the surveyor-general of the United States, or of a particular state.

Surveyorship

SURVEYORSHIP, noun The office of a surveyor.

Surview

SURVIEW', verb transitive To survey. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Surview

SUR'VIEW, noun Survey. [Not in use.]

Survise

SURVI'SE, verb transitive [French sur and viser.] To look over. [Not in use.]

B.Jonson.

Survival

SURVI'VAL, noun [See Survive.] A living beyond the life of another person, thing or event; an outliving.

Survivance

SURVI'VANCE, noun Survivorship. [Little used.]

Hume.

Survive

SURVI'VE, verb transitive [French survivre; sur and vivre, to live; Italian sopravvivere; Spanish sobrevivir; Latin supervivo.]

1. To outlive; to live beyond the life of another; as, the wife survives her husband; or a husband survives his wife.

2. To outlive any thing else; to live beyond any event. Who would wish to survive the ruin of his country? Many men survive their usefulness or the regular exercise of their reason.

Survive

SURVI'VE, verb intransitive To remain alive.

Try pleasure,

Which when no other enemy survives,

Still conquers all the conquerors.

Denham.

Survivency

SURVI'VENCY, noun A surviving; survivorship.

Surviver

SURVI'VER, noun One that outlives another. [See Survivor.]

Surviving

SURVI'VING, participle of the present tense Outliving; living beyond the life of another, or beyond the time of some event.

2. adjective Remaining alive; yet living; as surviving friends or relatives.

Survivor

SURVI'VOR, noun One who outlives another.

2. In law, the longer liver of two joint tenants, or of any two persons who have a joint interest in any thing.

Blackstone.

Survivorship

SURVI'VORSHIP, noun The state of outliving another.

2. In law, the right of a joint tenant or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of the other. When there are more than two joint tenants, the whole estate remains to the last survivor by right of survivorship.

Blackstone.

Susceptibility

SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, noun [from susceptible.] The quality of admitting or receiving either something additional, or some change, affection or passion; as the susceptibility of color in a body; susceptibility of culture or refinement; susceptibility of love or desire, or of impressions.

Susceptible

SUSCEP'TIBLE, adjective [French from Latin suscipio, to take; sub and capio.]

1. Capable of admitting any thing additional, or any change, affection or influence; as a body susceptible of color or of alteration; a body susceptible of pain; a heart susceptible of love or of impression.

2. Tender; capable of impression; impressible. The minds of children are more susceptible than those of persons more advanced in life.

3. Having nice sensibility; as a man of a susceptible heart.

Susceptibleness

SUSCEP'TIBLENESS, noun Susceptibility, which see.

Susception

SUSCEP'TION, noun The act of taking. [But little used.]

Ayliffe.

Susceptive

SUSCEP'TIVE, adjective Capable of admitting; readily admitting. Our natures are susceptive of errors.

Watts.

Susceptivity

SUSCEPTIV'ITY, noun Capacity of admitting. [Little used.]

Wollaston.

Susceptor

SUSCEP'TOR, noun [Latin] One who undertakes; a godfather.

Suscipiency

SUSCIP'IENCY, noun Reception; admission.

Suscipient

SUSCIP'IENT, adjective Receiving; admitting.

Suscipient

SUSCIP'IENT, noun One who takes or admits; one that receives.

Bp. Taylor.

Suscitate

SUS'CITATE, verb transitive [French susciter; Latin suscito; sub and cito.]

To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action.

Brown.

Suscitation

SUSCITA'TION, noun The act of raising or exciting.

Pearson.

Suslik

SUS'LIK, noun A spotted animal of the rat kind. A quadruped of the genus Arctomys, of a yellowish brown color, with small white spots; the earless marmot.

Ed. Encyc.

Suspect

SUSPECT', verb transitive [Latin suspectus, suspicio; sub and specio, to see or view.]

1. To mistrust; to imagine or have a slight opinion that something exists, but without proof and often upon weak evidence or no evidence at all. We suspect not only from fear, jealousy or apprehension of evil, but in modern usage, we suspect things which give us no apprehension.

Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little.

Bacon.

From her hand I could suspect no ill.

Milton.

2. To imagine to be guilty, but upon slight evidence or without proof. When a theft is committed, we are apt to suspect a person who is known to have been guilty of stealing; but we often suspect a person who is innocent of the crime.

3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; as, to suspect the truth of a story.

4. To hold to be doubtful. The veracity of a historian, and the impartiality of a judge, should not be suspected.

5. To conjecture.

Philosophy of Rhetoric.

Suspect

SUSPECT', verb intransitive To imagine guilt.

If I suspect without cause, why then let me be your jest.

Shak.

Suspect

SUSPECT', adjective Doubtful. [Not much used.]

Glanville.

Suspect

SUSPECT', noun Suspicion. [Obs.]

Bacon. Shak.

Suspectable

SUSPECT'ABLE, adjective That may be suspected. [Little used.]

Suspected

SUSPECT'ED, participle passive Imagined without proof; mistrusted.

Suspectedly

SUSPECT'EDLY, adverb So as to excite suspicion; so as to be suspected.

Suspectedness

SUSPECT'EDNESS, noun State of being suspected or doubted.

Robinson.

Suspecter

SUSPECT'ER, noun One who suspects.

Suspectful

SUSPECT'FUL, adjective Apt to suspect or mistrust.

Bailey.

Suspecting

SUSPECT'ING, participle of the present tense Imagining without evidence; mistrusting upon slight grounds.

Suspectless

SUSPECT'LESS, adjective Not suspecting; having no suspicion.

Herbert.

2. Not suspected; not mistrusted.

Beaum.

Suspend

SUSPEND', verb transitive [French suspendre; Italian sospendere; Spanish suspender; Latin suspendo; sub and pendo, to hang.]

1. To hang; to attach to something above; as, to suspend a ball by a thread; to suspend the body by a cord or by hooks; a needle suspended by a loadstone.

2. To make to depend on. God hath suspended the promise of eternal life on the condition of faith and obedience.

3. To interrupt; to intermit; to cause to cease for a time.

The guard nor fights nor flies; their fate so near

At once suspends their courage and their fear.

Denham.

4. To stay; to delay; to hinder from proceeding for a time.

Suspend your indignation against my brother.

Shak.

I suspend their doom.

Milton.

5. To hold in a state undetermined; as, to suspend one's choice or opinion.

Locke.

6. To debar from any privilege, from the execution of an office, or from the execution of an office, or from the enjoyment of income.

Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood, for ceremonies which are acknowledged indifferent.

Sanderson.

7. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to suspend the habeas corpus act.

Suspended

SUSPEND'ED, participle passive Hung up; made to depend on; caused to cease for a time; delayed; held undetermined; prevented from executing an office or enjoying a right.

Suspender

SUSPEND'ER, noun One that suspends.

2. Suspenders, plu. straps worn for holding up pantaloons, &c.; braces.

Suspending

SUSPEND'ING, participle of the present tense Hanging up; making to depend on; intermitting; causing to cease for a time; holding undetermined; debarring from action or right.

Suspense

SUSPENSE, n. suspens'. [Latin suspensus.] A state of uncertainty; indetermination; indecision. A man's mind is in suspense, when it is balancing the weight of different arguments or considerations, or when it is uncertain respecting facts unknown, or events not in his own power.

Ten days the prophet in suspense remain'd.

Denham.

2. Stop; cessation for a time.

A cool suspense from pleasure or from pain.

Pope.

3. In law, suspension; a temporary cessation of a man's right; as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent.

Suspense

SUSPENSE, a. suspens'. Held from proceeding. [Little used.]

Milton.

Suspensibility

SUSPENSIBIL'ITY, noun The capacity of being suspended or sustained from sinking; as the suspensibility of indurated clay in water.

Kirwan.

Suspensible

SUSPENS'IBLE, adjective Capable of being suspended or held from sinking.

Suspension

SUSPEN'SION, noun [French from Latin suspensio. See Suspend.]

1. The act of hanging up, or of causing to hang by being attached to something above.

2. The act of making to depend on any thing for existence or taking place; as the suspension of payment on the performance of a condition.

3. The act of delaying; delay; as the suspension of a criminal's execution; called a respite or reprieve.

4. Act of withholding or balancing the judgment; forbearance of determination; as the suspension of opinion, of judgment, of decision or determination. Suspension of judgment often proceeds from doubt or ignorance of facts.

5. Temporary cessation; interruption; intermission; as the suspension of labor or of study; the suspension of pain.

6. Temporary privation of powers, authority or rights; usually intended as a censure or punishment; as the suspension of an ecclesiastic or minister for some fault. This may be merely a suspension of his office, or it may be both of his office and his income. A military or naval officer's suspension takes place when he is arrested.

7. Prevention or interruption of operation; as the suspension of the habeas corpus act.

8. In rhetoric, a keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations.

9. In Scot's law, a stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory, by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.

Cyc.

10. In mechanics, points of suspension, in a balance, are the points in the axis or beam where the weights are applied, or from which they are suspended.

Cyc.

11. In music, every sound of a chord to a given base, which is continued to another base, is a suspension.

Cyc.

Suspension of arms, in war, a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of the contending parties, as for burying the dead, making proposals for surrender or for peace, &c.

Cyc.

Suspensive

SUSPENS'IVE, adjective Doubtful.

Beaum.

Suspensor

SUSPENS'OR, noun In anatomy, a bandage to suspend the scrotum.

Suspensory

SUSPENS'ORY, adjective That suspends; suspending; as a suspensory muscle.

Suspensory

SUSPENS'ORY, noun That which suspends or holds up; a truss.

Suspicable

SUS'PICABLE, adjective [Latin suspicor.] That may be suspected; liable to suspicion. [Not in use.]

More.

Suspicion

SUSPI'CION, noun [French from Latin suspicio. See Suspect.]

The act of suspecting; the imagination of the existence of something without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence at all. Suspicion often proceeds from the apprehension of evil; it is the offspring or companion of jealousy.

Suspicions among thoughts, are like bats among birds; they ever fly by twilight.

Bacon.

Suspicious

SUSPI'CIOUS, adjective [Latin suspiciosus.] Inclined to suspect; apt to imagine without proof.

Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious, and no man can love the person he suspects.

South.

2. Indicating suspicion or fear.

We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance.

Swift.

3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; as an author of suspicious innovations.

Hooker.

I spy a black suspicious threat'ning cloud.

Shak.

4. Entertaining suspicion; given to suspicion.

Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other.

Pope.

Suspiciously

SUSPI'CIOUSLY, adverb With suspicion.

2. So as to excite suspicion.

Sidney.

Suspiciousness

SUSPI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of being liable to suspicion, or liable to be suspected; as the suspiciousness of a man's appearance, of his weapons or of his actions.

2. The quality or state of being apt to suspect; as the suspiciousness of a man's temper or mind.

Suspiral

SUSPI'RAL, noun [Latin suspiro, to breathe; sub and spiro.]

1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.

Rees.

2. A spring of water passing under ground towards a cistern or conduit. [Local.]

Rees.

Suspiration

SUSPIRA'TION, noun [Latin suspiratio, suspiro, to sigh; sub and spiro, to breathe.]

The act of sighing or fetching a long and deep breath; a sigh.

More.

Suspire

SUSPI'RE, verb intransitive [supra.] To sigh; to fetch a long deep breath; to breathe. [Little used.]

Shak.

Suspired

SUSPI'RED, participle passive or adjective Wished for; desired. [Not in use.]

Sustain

SUSTA'IN, verb transitive [Latin sustineo; sub and teneo, to hold under; French soutenir; Italian sostenere; Spanish sostener, sustentar.]

1. To bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; pillars sustain an edifice; a beast sustains a load.

2. To hold; to keep from falling; as, a rope sustains a weight.

3. To support; to keep from sinking in despondence. The hope of a better life sustains the afflicted amidst all their sorrows.

4. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; as provisions to sustain a family or an army.

5. To support in any condition by aid; to assist or relieve.

His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain.

Dryden.

6. To bear; to endure without failing or yielding. The mind stands collected and sustains the shock.

Shall Turnus then such endless toil sustain?

Dryden.

7. To suffer; to bear; to undergo.

You shall sustain more new disgraces.

Shak.

8. To maintain; to support; not to dismiss or abate. Notwithstanding the plea in bar or in abatement, the court sustained the action or suit.

9. To maintain as a sufficient ground. The testimony or the evidence is not sufficient to sustain the action, the accusation, the charges, or the impeachment.

10. In music, to continue, as the sound of notes through their whole length.

Busby.

Sustain

SUSTA'IN, noun That which upholds. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Sustainable

SUSTA'INABLE, adjective That may be sustained or maintained. The action is not sustainable.

Sustained

SUSTA'INED, participle passive Borne; upheld; maintained; supported; subsisted; suffered.

Sustainer

SUSTA'INER, noun He or that which sustains, upholds or suffers.

Sustaining

SUSTA'INING, participle of the present tense Bearing; upholding; maintaing; suffering; subsisting.

Sustaltic

SUSTAL'TIC, adjective [Greek.] Mournful; affecting; an epithet given to a species of music by the Greeks.

Busby.

Sustenance

SUS'TENANCE, noun [Norm. French; from sustain.]

1. Support; maintenance; subsistence; as the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.

2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions. This city has ample sustenance.

Sustentacle

SUSTEN'TACLE, noun [Latin sustentaculum.] Support. [Not in use.]

More.

Sustentation

SUSTENTA'TION, noun [French from Latin sustentatio, sustento.]

1. Support; preservation from falling.

Boyle.

2. Use of food.

Brown.

3. Maintenance; support of life.

Bacon.

Susurration

SUSURRA'TION, noun [Latin susurratio; susurro, to whisper.] A whispering; a soft murmur.

Sutile

SU'TILE, adjective [Latin sutilis, from suo, to sew.] Done by stitching. [Not in use.]

Boswell.

Sutler

SUT'LER, noun [Dutch zoetelaar, as if from zoet, sweet. But in German, sudelkoch is a paltry victualer, as if from sudeln, to soil; sudler, a dirty fellow. In Danish, sudelkock is a pastry cook, from the same root; sudler, to soil. The Danish may be the original signification.]

A person who follows an army and sells to the troops provisions and liquors.

Sutling

SUT'LING, adjective Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler.

Tatler.

Suttee

SUTTEE', noun In the Sanscrit, or sacred language of the Hindoos, a female deity.

2. A widow who immolates herself on the funeral pile of her husband.

3. The sacrifice of burning a widow on the the funeral pile of her husband.

Suttle

SUT'TLE, a. Suttle weight, in commerce, is when tret is allowed; neat weight.

Dict.

Suture

SU'TURE, noun [Latin sutura, from suo, to sew.]

1. Literally, a sewing; hence, the uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching.

Coxe.

2. The seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull; or the peculiar articulation or connection of those bones; as the coronal suture; the sagittal suture.

Suveran

SUV'ERAN, adjective [French souverain; Spanish Portugese soberano; Italian sovrano; from Latin supernus, superus, super. The barbarous Norman word souvereign, seems to be formed of Latin super and regnum; a strange blunder.]

1. Supreme in power; possessing supreme dominion; as a suveran prince. The Creator is the suveran ruler of the universe.

2. Supreme; chief; superior to all others.

3. Supremely efficacious; superior to all others; as a suveran remedy.

4. Supreme; pertaining to the first magistrate of a nation; as suveran authority.

Suveran

SUV'ERAN, noun A supreme lord or ruler; one who possesses the highest authority without control. Some kings are suverans in their dominions; the authority of others is limited. The Creator is the suveran of all that he has made.

2. A supreme magistrate, lord or king.

O let my suv'ran turn away his face.

Shak.

Suveranly

SUV'ERANLY, adverb Supremely; in the highest degree. Obs.

Boyle.

Suveranty

SUV'ERANTY, noun Supreme power; supremacy; the possession of uncontrollable power. Absolute suveranty belongs only to God.

Swab

SWAB, noun [Saxon swebban, to sweep; formed perhaps on the root of wipe, as German schweben, to wave or soar, is on that of wave, and Dutch zweepen, on that of whip.]

A mop for cleaning floors; on board of ships, a large mop or bunch of old rope yarn, used to clean the deck and cabin.

Swab

SWAB, verb transitive [supra.] To clean with a mop; to wipe when wet or after washing; as, to swab the deck of a ship.

Swabber

SWAB'BER, noun [Dutch zwabber.] One that uses a swab to clean a floor or deck; on board of ships of war, an inferior officer, whose business is to see that the ship is kept clean.

Swad

SWAD, noun A pod, as of beans or peas. [Local.]

2. A short fat person. Obs.

B. Jonson.

3. In New England, a lump, mass or bunch; also, a crowd. [Vulgar.]

Swaddle

SWAD'DLE, verb transitive [Saxon swathe, swethel, a border, fringe or band; beswethan, to swathe; Dutch zwaad, German schwaden, a swath.]

1. To swathe; to bind, as with a bandage; to bind tight with clothes; used generally of infants; as, to swaddle a child.

They swaddled me in my night-gown.

Addison.

2. To beat; to cudgel. [Low and not in use.]

Hudibras.

Swaddle

SWAD'DLE, noun Clothes bound tight around the body.

They put me in bed in all my swaddles.

Addison.

Swaddled

SWAD'DLED, participle passive Swathed; bound in tight clothes.

Swaddling

SWAD'DLING, participle of the present tense Swathing; binding in tight clothes.

Swaddling-Band

SWAD'DLING-BAND, or SWAD'DLING-CLOTH, noun A band or cloth wrapped round an infant. Luke 2.

Swag

SWAG, verb intransitive [Qu. Saxon sigan, to fall; Icelandic sweigia; Swedish svag, Danish id. feeble; Danish svoekker, to weaken. See Weak.] To sink down by its weight; to lean.

Grew.

Swag-Bellied

SWAG'-BELLIED, adjective Having a prominent overhanging belly.

Shak.

Swage

SWAGE, verb transitive [probably allied to swag and weak; from falling or throwing down.] To ease; to soften; to mitigate.

Apt words have power to swage

The tumors of a troubled mind.

Milton.

[See Assuage, which is the word now used.]

Swagger

SWAG'GER, verb intransitive [Saxon swegan, to sound or rattle.]

To bluster; to bully; to boast or brag noisily; to be tumultuously proud.

What a pleasure it is to swagger at the bar.

Arbuthnot.

To be great is not to swagger at our footmen.

Collier.

Swaggerer

SWAG'GERER, noun A blusterer; a bully; a boastful noisy fellow.

Shak.

Swaggering

SWAG'GERING, participle of the present tense Blustering; boasting noisily.

Swagging

SWAG'GING, participle of the present tense Sinking or inclining.

Swaggy

SWAG'GY, adjective [from swag.] Sinking, hanging or leaning by its weight.

Brown.

Swain

SWAIN, noun [Saxon swein, swan, a boy, a youth, a servant, a herdsman; Swedish sven, a boy; Danish svend; Icelandic svein.]

1. A young man.

Spenser.

2. A country servant employed in husbandry.

Shak.

3. A pastoral youth. [It is used chiefly in this sense, and in poetry.]

Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel.

Pope.

Swainish

SWA'INISH, adjective Rustic.

Milton.

Swainmote

SWA'INMOTE, or SWE'INMOTE, or SWAN'IMOTE, noun [swain and mote, meeting.] In England, a court held before the verderors of the forest as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every year; the swains or freeholders within the forest composing the jury. Its principal jurisdiction is to inquire into the oppressions and grievances committed by the officers of the forest. It receives and tries also presentments certified from the court of attachments against offenses in vert and venison. This court is incident to a forest, as a court of piepoudre is to a fair.

Blackstone.

Swale

SWALE, noun [probably from vale.] A local word in New England, signifying an interval or vale; a tract of low land.

2. In England, a shade.

Cyc.

Swale

SWALE, verb intransitive To waste. [See Sweal.]

Swale

SWALE, verb transitive To dress a hog for bacon, by singeing or burning off his hair. [Local.]

Cyc.

Swallet

SWAL'LET, noun [See Well.] Among the tin miners, water breaking in upon the miners at their work.

Bailey.

Swallow

SWAL'LOW, noun [Saxon swalewe; Dutch zwaluw; German schwalbe; Danish svale; Swedish svala.]

A bird of the genus Hirundo, of many species, among which are the chimney swallow and the martin.

Swallow-Fish

SWAL'LOW-FISH, noun A sea fish of the genus Trigla, called in Cornwall, tub-fish; remarkable for the size of its gill-fins. It is called also the sapphirine gurnard.

Cyc.

Swallow-Fly

SWAL'LOW-FLY, noun The name of the chelidonius, a fly remarkable for its swift and long flight.

Cyc.

Swallows-Tail

SWAL'LOW'S-TAIL, noun In joinery and carpentry, the same as dove-tail.

Swallow-Stone

SWAL'LOW-STONE, n. Chelidonius lapis, a stone which Pliny and other authors affirm to be found in the stomachs of young swallows.

Cyc.

Swallow-Tail

SWAL'LOW-TAIL, noun A plant, a species of willow.

Bacon.

Swallow-Wort

SWAL'LOW-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Asclepias; hirundinaria. It grows in the southern part of Europe, and is said to have been successfully used as a medicine, chiefly in dropsical cases.

Cyc.

The African swallow-wort is of the genus Stapelia.

Lee.

Swallow

SWAL'LOW, verb transitive [Saxon swelgan, swilgan, to swallow, to swill; Dutch zwelgen; Swedish sv?lja, to swallow; svalg, the throat; Danish svoelger. Qu. the French avaler, with a prefix, and the root of fall.]

1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet or oesophagus into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink. Food should be well chewed before it is swallowed.

2. To absorb; to draw and sink into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; usually followed by up. The Malstrom off the coast of Norway, it is said, will swallow up a ship.

In bogs swallow'd up and lost.

Milton.

The earth opened and swallowed them up. Numbers 16.

3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly.

Locke.

4. To engross; to appropriate.

HomerÃ‚--has swallowed up the honor of those who succeeded him.

Pope.

5. To occupy; to employ.

The necessary provision of life swallows the greatest part of their time.

Locke.

6. To seize and waste.

Corruption swallow'd what the liberal hand Of bounty scatter'd.

Thomson.

7. To engross; to engage completely.

The priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink; they are swallowed up of wine. Isaiah 28.

8. To exhaust; to consume. His expenses swallow up all his income.

Swallow

SWAL'LOW, noun The gallet or oesophagus; the throat.

2. Voracity.

South.

3. As much as is swallowed at once.

Swallowed

SWAL'LOWED, participle passive Taken into the stomach; absorbed; received without scruple; engrossed; wasted; exhausted.

Swallower

SWAL'LOWER, noun One who swallows; also, a glutton.

Tatler.

Swallowing

SWAL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Taking into the stomach; absorbing; ingulfing; receiving implicitly; engrossing; wasting; exhausting.

Swallowing

SWAL'LOWING, noun The act of taking into the stomach or of absorbing; the act of receiving implicitly; the act of engrossing.

Swam

SWAM, pret. of swim.

Swamp

SWAMP, noun [Saxon swam, a fungus or mushroom; Gothic swamms, a spunge, German schwamm, Dutch zwam, Danish svamp; Swedish id. a spunge, a fungus.]

Spungy land; low ground filled with water; soft wet ground. In New England, I believe this word is never applied to marsh, or the boggy land made by the overflowing of salt water, but always to low soft ground in the interior country; wet and spungy land, but not usually covered with water. This is the true meaning of the word. Swamps are often mowed. In England, the word is explained in books by boggy land, morassy or marshy ground.

Swamp

SWAMP, verb transitive To plunge, whelm or sink in a swamp; to plunge into difficulties inextricable.

Swampy

SWAMP'Y, adjective Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet and spungy; as swampy land.

Swamp-Ore

SWAMP-ORE, noun In mineralogy, an ore of iron found in swamps and morasses; called also bog-ore, or indurated bog iron ore. Its color is a dark yellowish brown or gray; its fracture is earthy, and it contains so much phosphoric acid as to injure its tenacity.

Cyc.

Swan

SWAN, noun [Saxon swan; Dutch zwaan; German schwan; Danish svane; Swedish svan. Qu. wan, white, with a prefix.]

A large aquatic fowl of the genus Anas, of two varieties, the wild and the tame. The plumage is of a pure white color, and its long arching neck gives it a noble appearance.

Cyc.

Swang

SWANG, noun A piece of low land or green sward, liable to be covered with water. [Local in England.]

Swansdown

SWANSDOWN, noun A fine soft thick woolen cloth.

Swanskin

SWAN'SKIN, noun [swan and skin.] A species of flannel of a soft texture, thick and warm.

Swap

SWAP, adverb [Qu. sweep.] Hastily; at a snatch. [A low word and local.]

Swap

SWAP, verb transitive To exchange; to barter; to swop. [See Swop.] [This word is not elegant, but common in colloquial language in America.]

Swape

SWAPE, noun [Qu. sweep.] A pole supported by a fulcrum on which it turns, used for raising water from a well, for churning, &c. [This Bailey spells swipe, and in N. England it is pronounced sweep, as in well-sweep.]

Sward

SWARD, noun [Saxon sweard; Danish svoer; Dutch zwoord; German schwarte, rind, skin; Welsh gweryd, an excretion, sward, moss.]

1. The skin of bacon. [Local.]

2. The grassy surface of land; turf; that part of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, forming a kind of mat. When covered with green grass, it is called green sward.

Sward

SWARD, verb transitive To produce sward; to cover with sward.

Mortimer.

Sward-Cutter

SWARD'-CUTTER, noun An instrument for cutting sward across the ridges.

Swardy

SWARD'Y, adjective Covered with sward or grass; as swardy land.

Sware

SWARE, old pret. of swear. We now use swore.

Sware

SWARE, or SCHWARE, noun A copper coin and money of account in Bremen, value one fifth of a groat, and 72 groats make a thaler, [dollar.]

Swarm

SWARM, n. sworm. [Saxon swearm; German schwarm; Dutch zwerm; Danish sverm; Swedish sv?rm. This seems to be formed on the root of warm. The Spanish hervir, to boil, to swarm, is the Latin ferveo, and boiling is very expressive of the motions of a swarm of bees. See the Verb.]

1. In a general sense, a large number or body of small animals or insects, particularly when in motion; but appropriately, a great number of honey bees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; or a like body of bees united and settled permanently in a hive. The bees that leave a hive in spring, are the young bees produced in the year preceding. Exodus 8. Judges 14.

2. A swarm or multitude; particularly, a multitude of people in motion. Swarms of northern nations overran the south of Europe in the fifth century.

NOTE.Ã‚--The application of this word to inanimate things, as swarms of advantages, by Shakspeare, and swarms of themes, by Young, is not legitimate, for the essense of the word is motion.

Swarm

SWARM, v. i. sworm. [Saxon swearmian; Dutch zwermen; German schwÃƒ-¤rmen; Danish svermer; Swedish sv?rma, to swarm, to rove, to wander, to swerve.]

1. To collect and depart from a hive by flight in a body, as bees. Bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.

2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to run; to throng together; to congregate in a multitude.

In crowds around the swarming people join.

Dryden.

3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of animals in motion. The forests in America often swarm with wild pigeons. The northern seas in spring swarm with herrings.

Every place swarms with soldiers.

Spenser.

[Such phrases as "life swarms with ills," "those days swarmed with fables," are not legitimate, or wholly obsolete. Brown. Young.]

4. To breed multitudes.

Milton.

5. To climb, as a tree, by embracing it with the arms and legs, and scrambling.

At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it.

Coxe's Russ.

NOTE.Ã‚--This, by the common people in New England, is pronounced squirm or squurm, and it is evidently formed on worm, indicating that worm and warm, on which swarm and squirm are formed, are radically the same word. The primary sense is to bend, wind, twist, as a worm, or a swarm of bees. It may be formed on the root of veer, vary.

Swarm

SWARM, verb transitive To crowd or throng. [Not in use.]

Swart

SWART, or SWARTH, a. swort. [Saxon swart, sweart; sworth. Swedish svart; Danish svoerte; German schwarz; Dutch zwart.]

1. Being of a dark hue; moderately black; tawny.

A nation strange with visage swart.

Spenser.

[I believe swart and swarth are never used in the United States, certainly not in New England. Swarthy is a common word.]

2. Gloomy; malignant. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Swart

SWART, verb transitive To make tawny.

Brown.

Swarth

SWARTH, or SWAIRTH, noun An apparition. [Not used in New England.]

Swarthily

SWARTH'ILY, adverb [from swarthy.] Duskily; with a tawny hue.

Swarthiness

SWARTH'INESS, noun Tawniness; a dusky or dark complexion.

Swarthy

SWARTH'Y, adjective [See Swart.] Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny. In warm climates, the complexion of men is unversally swarthy or black. The Moors, Spaniards and Italians are more swarthy than the French, Germans and English.

Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains.

Addison.

2. Black; as the swarthy African.

Swartiness

SWART'INESS, noun A tawny color.

Sherwood.

Swartish

SWART'ISH, adjective Somewhat dark or tawny.

Swarty

SWART'Y, adjective Swarthy; tawny.

Burton.

Swarve

SWARVE, verb intransitive To swerve. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Swash

SWASH, noun An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to the axis of the work.

Moxon.

[A cant word. Johnson.]

Swash

SWASH, noun A blustering noise; a vaporing. [Not in use or vulgar.]

2. Impulse of water flowing with violence. In the southern states of America, swash or swosh is a name given to a narrow sound or channel of water lying within a sand bank, or between that and the shore. Many such are found on the shores of the Carolinas.

Swash

SWASH, verb intransitive [Dutch zwetsen, to boast.] To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or brag. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Swash

SWASH, or SWASH'Y, adjective Soft, like fruit too ripe. [Local.]

Pegge.

Swash-Buckler

SWASH'-BUCKLER, noun A sword-player; a bully or braggadocio. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Swasher

SWASH'ER, noun One who makes a blustering show of valor or force of arms. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Swat

SWAT, or SWATE, verb intransitive To sweat. Obs.

Chaucer.

Swatch

SWATCH, noun A swath. [Not in use.]

Tusser.

Swath

SWATH, n. swoth. [Saxon swathe, a track, a border or fringe, a band; Dutch zwaad; German schwaden.]

1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the sythe in mowing or cradling.

2. The whole breadth or sweep of a sythe in mowing or cradling; as a wide swath.

Farmers.

2. A band or fillet. They wrapped me in a hundred yards of swath.

Guardian.

Swathe

SWATHE, verb transitive To bind with a band, bandage or rollers; as, to swathe a child.

2. To blind or wrap.

Their children are never swathed or bound about with any thing when first born.

Abbot.

Sway

SWAY, verb transitive [Dutch zwaaijen, to turn, to wield, to swing, to sway. This word is probably formed on the root of weigh, wave, Saxon woeg, weg, and swag, and probably swing is written for swig, and is of the same family; Icelandic sweigia; Swedish sviga.]

1. To move or wave; to wield with the hand; as, to sway the scepter.

2. To bias; to cause to lean or incline to one side. Let not temporal advantages sway you from the line of duty. The king was swayed by his council from the course he intended to pursue.

As bowls run true by being made

On purpose false, and to be sway'd.

Hudibras.

3. To rule; to govern; to influence or direct by power and authority, or by moral force.

This was the race

To sway the world, and land and sea subdue.

Dryden.

She could not sway her house.

Shak.

Take heed lest passion sway

Thy judgment to do aught which else free will

Would not admit.

Milton.

Sway

SWAY, verb intransitive To be drawn to one side by weight; to lean. A wall sways to the west.

The balance sways on our part.

Bacon.

[This sense seems to indicate that this word and swag, are radically one.]

2. To have weight or influence.

The example of sundry churchesÃ‚--doth sway much.

Hooker.

3. To bear rule; to govern.

Had'st thou sway'd as kings should doÃ‚--

Shak.

4. In seamen's language, to hoist; particularly applied to the lower yards and to the topmast yards, &c.

Sway

SWAY, noun The swing or sweep of a weapon.

To strike with huge two-handed sway.

Milton.

2. Any thing moving with bulk and power.

Are not you mov'd when all the sway of earth

Shakes like a thing unfirm?

Shak.

3. Preponderation; turn or cast of balance.

Ã‚--Expert

When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway of battle.

Milton.

4. Power exerted in governing; rule; dominion; control.

When vice prevails and impious men bear sway,

The post of honor is a private station.

Addison.

5. Influence; weight or authority that inclines to one side; as the sway of desires. All the world is subject to the sway of fashion.

Swayed

SWA'YED, participle passive Wielded; inclined to one side; ruled; governed; influenced; biased.

Swaying

SWA'YING, participle of the present tense Wielding; causing to lean; biasing; ruling.

Swaying

SWA'YING, noun Swaying of the back, among beasts, is a kind of lumbago, caused by a fall or by being overloaded.

Cyc.

Sweal

SWEAL, verb intransitive [Saxon swelan; sometimes written swale. In America, it is pronounced as written, sweal or sweel.]

1. To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle; to waste away without feeding the flame.

2. To blaze away.

Swealing

SWE'ALING, participle of the present tense Melting and wasting away.

Swear

SWEAR, verb intransitive pret. swore, [formerly sware;] pp. sworn. [Saxon swerian, swerigan; Gothic swaran; Dutch zweeren; German schwÃƒ-¶ren; Swedish sv?ria, to swear, and svara, to answer; Danish svoerger, or swear, and svarer; to answer. The latter seems to be from svarrer, to turn, veer. Swear seems to be allied to aver and the Latin assevero, and to belong to the root Wr.]

1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed.

Ye shall not swear by my name falsely. Leviticus 19.

But I say unto you, swear not at all. Matthew 5.

2. To promise upon oath.

Jacob said, swear to me thid day; and he swore to him. Genesis 25.

3. To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth of a statement. He swore that the prisoner was not present at the riot.

4. To be profane; to practice profaneness. Certain classes of men are accustomed to swear. For men to swear is sinful, disreputable and odious; but for females or ladies to swear, appears more abominable and scandalous.

Swear

SWEAR, verb transitive To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the declaration; as, to swear on oath. [This seems to have been the primitive use of swear; that is, to affirm.]

2. To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; as, to swear witnesses in court; to swear a jury; the witness has been sworn; the judges are sworn into office.

3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, to swear treason against a man.

4. To obtest by an oath.

Now by Apollo, king, thou swear'st thy gods in vain.

Shak.

To swear the peace against one, to make oath that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person; in which case the person must find sureties of the peace.

Swearer

SWEARER, noun One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration.

2. A profane person.

Then the liars and swearers are fools.

Shak.

Swearing

SWEARING, participle of the present tense Affirming upon oath; uttering a declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of it.

2. Putting upon oath; causing to swear.

Swearing

SWEARING, noun The act or practice of affirming on oath. Swearing in court is lawful.

2. Profaneness. All swearing not required by some law, or in conformity with law, is criminal. False swearing or perjury is a crime of a deep dye.

Sweat

SWEAT, noun swet. [Saxon swat; Dutch zweet; German schweiss; Danish sveed; Swedish svett; Latin sudor.]

1. The fluid or sensible moisture which issues out of the pores of the skin of an animal.

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Genesis 3.

2. Labor; toil; drudgery.

Milton.

3. Moisture evacuated from any substance; as the sweat of hay or grain in a mow or stack.

Sweat

SWEAT, verb intransitive swet. pret. and pp. sweat or sweated. Swot is obsolete. [Saxon swoetan; Swedish svetta; Danish sveeder; Dutch zweeten; German schwitzen; Latin sudo; French suer.]

1. To emit sensible moisture through the pores of the skin; to perspire. Horses sweat; oxen sweat little or not at all.]

2. To toil; to labor; to drudge.

He'd have the poets sweat.

Waller.

3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.

Sweat

SWEAT, verb transitive swet. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exsude.

For him the rich Arabia sweats her gums.

Dryden.

2. To cause to emit moisture from the pores of the skin. His physicians attempted to sweat him by the most powerful sudorifics. They sweat him profusely.

Sweater

SWEAT'ER, noun One that causes to sweat.

Sweatiness

SWEAT'INESS, noun The state of being sweaty or moist with sweat.

Sweating

SWEAT'ING, participle of the present tense Emitting moisture from the pores of the skin; throwing out moisture; exsuding.

2. Causing to emit moisture upon the skin.

Sweating-Bath

SWEAT'ING-BATH, noun A sudatory; a bath for exciting sensible perspiration or sweat; a hypocaust or stove.

Cyc.

Sweating-House

SWEAT'ING-HOUSE, noun A house for sweating persons in sickness.

Cyc.

Sweating-Iron

SWEAT'ING-IRON, noun A kind of knife or a piece of a sythe, used to scrape off sweat from horses.

Cyc.

Sweating-Room

SWEAT'ING-ROOM, noun A room for sweating persons.

2. In rural economy, a room for sweating cheese and carrying off the superfluous juices.

Cyc.

Sweating-Sickness

SWEAT'ING-SICKNESS, noun A febril epidemic disease which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particularly in

England, in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its first appearance was in the army of the earl of Richmond, afterward Henry VII. on his landing at Milford haven, in 1485. The invasion of the disease was sudden, and usually marked by a local affection producing the sensation of intense heat, afterwards diffusing itself over the whole body, and immediately followed by profuse sweating, which continued through the whole course of the disease or till death, which often happened in a few hours.

Cyc.

Sweaty

SWEAT'Y, adjective Moist with sweat; as a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.

2. Consisting of sweat.

No noisy whiffs or sweaty streams.

Swift.

3. Laborious; toilsome; as the sweaty forge.

Prior.

Swede

SWEDE, noun A native of Sweden.

2. A Swedish turnep.

Swedish

SWE'DISH, adjective Pertaining to Sweden.

Swedish-Turnep

SWE'DISH-TURNEP, noun The ruta baga, a hard sort of turnep, of two kinds, the white and the yellow. The latter is most valued.

Cyc.

Sweep

SWEEP, verb transitive pret. and pp. swept. [Saxon swapan, sweopan. It seems to be allied to swab, and may be formed on the root of wipe.]

1. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom or besom, for removing loose dirt; to clean by brushing; as, to sweep a chimney or a floor. When we say, to sweep a room, we mean, to sweep the floor of the room; and to sweep the house, is to sweep the floors of the house.

2. To carry with a long swinging or dragging motion; to carry with pomp.

And like a peacock, sweep along his tail.

Shak.

3. To drive or carry along or off by a long brushing stroke or force, or by flowing on the earth. Thus the wind sweeps the snow from the tops of the hills; a river sweeps away a dam, timber or rubbish; a flood sweeps away a bridge or a house. Hence,

4. To drive, destroy or carry off many at a stroke, or with celerity and violence; as, a pestilence sweeps off multitudes in a few days. The conflagration swept away whole streets of houses.

I have already swept the stakes.

Dryden.

5. To rub over.

Their long descending train,

With rubies edg'd and sapphires, swept the plain.

Dryden.

6. To strike with a long stroke.

Wake into voice each silent string,

And sweep the sounding lyre.

Pope.

7. To draw or drag over; as, to sweep the bottom of a river with net, or with the bight of a rope, to hook an anchor.

Mar. Dict.

Sweep

SWEEP, verb intransitive To pass with swiftness and violence, as something broad or brushing the surface of any thing; as a sweeping rain; a sweeping flood. A fowl that flies near the surface of land or water, is said to sweep along near the surface.

2. To pass over or brush along with celerity and force; as, the wind sweeps along the plain.

3. To pass with pomp; as, a person sweeps along with a trail.

She sweeps it through the court with troops of ladies.

Shak.

3. To move with a long reach; as a sweeping stroke.

Dryden.

Sweep

SWEEP, noun The act of sweeping.

2. The compass of a stroke; as a long sweep.

3. The compass of any turning body or motion; as the sweep of a door.

4. The compass of any thing flowing or brushing; as, the flood carried away every thing within its sweep.

5. Violent and general destruction; as the sweep of an epidemic disease.

Graunt.

6. Direction of any motion not rectilinear; as the sweep of a compass.

7. The mold of a ship when she begins to compass in, at the rung heads; also, any part of a ship shaped by the segment of a circle; as a floor-sweep; a back-sweep, &c.

8. Among refiners of metals, the almond-furnace.

9. Among seamen, a large oar, used to assist the rudder in turning a ship in a calm, or to increase her velocity in a chase, &c.

Sweep of the tiller, a circular frame on which the tiller traverses in large ships.

Sweeper

SWEE'PER, noun One that sweeps.

Sweeping

SWEE'PING, participle of the present tense Brushing over; rubbing with a broom or besom; cleaning with a broom or besom; brushing along; passing over; dragging over.

Sweepings

SWEE'PINGS, noun plu. Things collected by sweeping; rubbish. The sweepings of streets are often used as manure.

Sweep-Net

SWEE'P-NET, noun [sweep and net.] A large net for drawing over a large compass.

Sweepstake

SWEE'PSTAKE, noun [sweep and stake.] A man taht wins all; usually sweepstakes.

Shak.

Sweepy

SWEE'PY, adjective Passing with speed and violence over a great compass at once.

The branches bend before their sweepy sway.

Dryden.

2. Strutting.

3. Wavy.

Sweet

SWEET, adjective [Saxon swete; Dutch zoet; German sÃƒ-¼ss; Swedish s?t; Danish s?d; Sanscrit swad. Qu. Latin suavis.]

1. Agreeable or grateful to the taste; as, sugar or honey is sweet.

2. Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; as a sweet rose; sweet odor; sweet incense. Exodus 26.

3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious; harmonious; as the sweet notes of a flute or an organ; sweet music; a sweet voice.

4. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; as a sweet face; a sweet color or complexion; a sweet form.

Shak.

5. Fresh; not salt; as sweet water.

Bacon.

6. Not sour; as sweet fruits; sweet oranges.

7. Mild; soft; gentle.

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades? Job 38.

8. Mild; soft; kind; obliging; as sweet manners.

9. Grateful; pleasing.

Sweet interchange of hill and valley.

Milton.

10. Making soft or excellent music; as a sweet singer.

11. Not stale; as sweet butter. The bread is sweet.

12. Not turned; not sour; as sweet milk.

13. Not putrescent or putrid; as, the meat is sweet.

Sweet

SWEET, noun Something pleasing or grateful to the mind; as the sweets of domestic life.

A little bitter mingled in our cup, leaves no relish of the sweet.

Locke.

2. A sweet substance; particularly, any vegetable juice which is added to wines to improve them.

Encyc.

3. A perfume.

Prior. Dryden.

4. A word of endearment.

5. Cane juice, melasses, or other sweet vegetable substance.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Sweet-Apple

SWEE'T-APPLE, noun [sweet and apple.] The Annona squamosa.

Lee.

Sweet-Bread

SWEE'T-BREAD, noun [sweet and bread.] The pancreas of a calf.

Sweet-Briar

SWEE'T-BRIAR, noun [sweet and briar.] A shrubby plant of the genus Rosa, cultivated for its fragrant smell.

Sweet-Broom

SWEE'T-BROOM, noun [sweet and broom.] A plant.

Ainsworth.

Sweet-Cicely

SWEET-CIC'ELY, noun A plant of the genus Scandix.

Sweet-Cistus

SWEET-CIS'TUS, noun A shrub, the gumcistus.

Mason.

Sweet-Corn

SWEET-CORN, noun A variety of the maiz, of a sweet taste.

Sweet-Flag

SWEET-FLAG, noun A plant of the genus Acorus.

Sweet-Gum

SWEET-GUM, noun A tree of the genus Liquidambar.

Sweet-Johns

SWEET-JOHN'S, noun A plant, a species of Dianthus.

Sweet-Maudlin

SWEET-MAUD'LIN, noun A species of Achillea.

Sweet-Marjoram

SWEET-M'ARJORAM, noun A very fragrant plant, of the genus Origanum.

Sweet-Pea

SWEET-PEA, noun A pea cultivated for ornament, of the genus Lathyrus.

Cyc.

Sweet-Root

SWEET-ROOT, noun The liquorice, or Glycyrrhiza.

Sweet-Rush

SWEET-RUSH, noun Another name of the sweet-flag, a species of Acorus.

Sweet-Sop

SWEE'T-SOP, noun A name of the Annona squamosa.

Lee.

Sweet-Sultan

SWEET-SUL'TAN, noun A plant, a species of Centaurea.

Sweet-Weed

SWEET-WEED, noun A plant of the genus Capraria, and another of the genus Scoparia.

Sweet-William

SWEET-WIL'LIAM, noun The name of several species of pink, of the genus Dianthus.

Cyc.

The Dianthus barbatus, a species of pink of many varieties.

Encyc. Lee.

Sweet-Willow

SWEET-WIL'LOW, noun A plant, the Myrica gale, or Dutch myrtle.

Lee.

Sweet-Wood

SWEET-WOOD, noun A plant, a species of Laurus.

Lee.

Sweeten

SWEETEN, verb transitive swee'tn. To make sweet; as, to sweeten tea or coffee.

2. To make pleasing or grateful to the mind; as, to sweeten life; to sweeten friendship.

3. To make mild or kind; as, to sweeten the temper.

4. To make less painful; as, to sweeten the cares of life.

5. To increase agreeable qualities; as, to sweeten the joys or pleasures of life.

6. To soften; to make delicate.

Corregio has made his name immortal by the strength he has given to his figures, and by sweetening his lights and shades.

Dryden.

7. To make pure and salubrious by destroying noxious matter; as, to sweeten rooms or apartments that have been infected; to sweeten the air.

8. To make warm and fertile; as, to dry and sweeten soils.

9. To restore to purity; as, to sweeten water, butter or meat.

Sweeten

SWEETEN, v. i. swee'tn. To become sweet.

Bacon.

Sweetened

SWEE'TENED, participle passive Made sweet, mild or grateful.

Sweetener

SWEE'TENER, noun He or that which sweetens; he that palliates; that which moderates acrimony.

Sweetening

SWEE'TENING, participle of the present tense Making sweet or grateful.

Sweet-Heart

SWEE'T-HE`ART, noun A lover or mistress.

Shak.

Sweeting

SWEE'TING, noun A sweet apple.

Ascham.

2. A word of endearment.

Shak.

Sweetish

SWEE'TISH, adjective Somewhat sweet or grateful to the taste.

Encyc.

Sweetishness

SWEE'TISHNESS, noun The quality of being sweetish.

Berkley.

Sweetly

SWEE'TLY, adverb In a sweet manner; gratefully; agreeably.

He sweetly temper'd awe.

Dryden.

No poet ever sweetly sung,

Unless he was, like Phoebus, young.

Swift.

Sweetmeat

SWEE'TMEAT, noun [sweet and meat.] Fruit preserved with sugar; as peaches, pears, melons, nuts, orange peel, and the like.

Sweetness

SWEE'TNESS, noun The quality of being sweet, in any of its senses; as gratefulness to the taste; or to the smell, fragrance; agreeableness to the ear, melody; as sweetness of the voice; sweetness of elocution.

Middleton.

2. Agreeableness of manners; softness; mildness; obliging civility; as sweetness of behavior.

3. Softness; mildness; amiableness; as sweetness of temper.

Sweet-Scented

SWEE'T-SCENTED, adjective [sweet and scent.] Having a sweet smell; fragrant.

Sweet-Smelling

SWEE'T-SMELLING, adjective [sweet and smell.] Having a sweet smell; fragrant.

Swell

SWELL, verb intransitive pret. swelled; pp. swelled. Swollen is nearly obsolete. [Saxon swellan; Dutch zwellen; German schwellen; Danish svoeller; Swedish sv?lla. Qu. is it not from the verb to well, or its root?]

1. To grow larger; to dilate or extend the exterior surface or dimensions by matter added to the interior part, or by expansion of the inclosed substance. Thus the legs swell in dropsy; a bruised part swells; a tumor swells; a bladder swells by inflation.

2. To increase in size or extent by any addition; as, a river swells and overflows its banks.

3. To rise or be driven into waves or billows. In a tempest, the ocean swells into waves mountain high.

4. To be puffed up or bloated; as, to swell with pride.

5. To be bloated with anger; to be exasperated. He swells with rage.

6. To be inflated; to belly; as swelling sails.

7. To be turgid or bombastic; as swelling words; a swelling style.

Roscommon.

8. To protuberate; to bulge out; as, a cask swells in the middle.

9. To be elated; to rise into arrogance

Your equal mind yet swells not into state.

Dryden.

10. To grow more violent; as, a moderate passion may swell to fury.

11. To grow upon the view; to become larger.

Ã‚--And monarchs to behold the swelling scene.

Shak.

12. To become larger in amount. Many little debts added, swell to a great amount.

13. To become louder; as, a sound gradually swells as it approaches.

14. To strut; to look big.

Ã‚--Swelling like a turkey cock.

Shak.

15. To rise in altitude; as, land swells into hills.

Swell

SWELL, verb transitive To increase the size, bulk or dimensions of; to cause to rise, dilate or increase. Rains and dissolving snow swell the rivers in spring, and cause floods. Jordan is swelled by the snows of mount Libanus.

2. To aggravate; to highten.

It is low ebb with the accuser, when such peccadillos are put to swell the charge.

Atterbury.

3. To raise to arrogance; as, to be swelled with pride or haughtiness.

4. To enlarge. These sums swell the amount of taxes to a fearful size. These victories served to swell the fame of the commander.

5. In music, to augment, as the sound of a note.

Swell

SWELL, noun Extension of bulk.

Shak.

2. Increase, as of sound; as the swell of a note.

3. A gradual ascent or elevation of land; as an extensive plain abounding with little swells.

4. A wave or billow; more generally, a succession of large waves; as, a heavy swell sets into the harbor. Swell is also used to denote the waves or fluctuation of the sea after a storm, and the waves that roll in and break upon the shore.

5. In an organ, a certain number of pipes inclosed in a box, which being uncovered, produce a swell of sound.

Busby.

Swelled

SWELL'ED, participle passive Enlarged in bulk; inflated; tumefied.

Swelling

SWELL'ING, participle of the present tense Growing or enlarging in its dimensions; growing tumid; inflating; growing or making louder.

Swelling

SWELL'ING, noun A tumor, or any morbid enlargement of the natural size; as a swelling on the hand or leg.

2. Protuberance; prominence.

The superficies of such plates are not even, but have many cavities and swellings.

Newton.

3. A rising or enlargement by passion; as the swellings of anger, grief or pride.

Tatler.

Swelt

SWELT, for swelled, is not in use.

Spenser.

Swelt

SWELT, verb intransitive [Saxon sweltan; Gothic swiltan; ga-swiltan, to perish, to die; properly to fail, to swoon. Qu.is not this formed on the root of wilt?]

To faint; to swoon. Obs.

Chaucer.

Swelt

SWELT, verb transitive To overpower, as with heat; to cause to faint. Obs. [We now use swelter.]

Hall.

Swelter

SWELT'ER, verb intransitive [from swelt.] To be overcome and faint with heat; to be ready to perish with heat.

Swelter

SWELT'ER, verb transitive To oppress with heat.

Bentley.

Sweltered

SWELT'ERED, participle passive Oppressed with heat.

Sweltering

SWELT'ERING, participle of the present tense Fainting or languishing with heat; oppressing with heat.

Sweltry

SWELT'RY, adjective Suffocating with heat; oppressive with heat; sultry. [See Sultry, which is probably a contraction of sweltry.]

Swept

SWEPT, pret. and participle passive of sweep.

Swerd

SWERD, for sward, is not in use.

Swerve

SWERVE, verb intransitive swerv. [Dutch zwerven, to swerve, to rove. In sense it coincides with the verb to swarm, and in German it is rendered schwÃƒ-¤rmen. It seems to be formed on warp, and all may spring from the root of veer. See Vary.]

1. To wander; to rove.

Sidney.

The swerving vines on the tall elms prevail.

Dryden.

2. To wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule of duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty or custom; to deviate.

I swerve not from thy commandments.

Com. Prayer.

They swerve from the strict letter of the law.

Clarendon.

Many who, through the contagion of evil example, swerve exceedingly from the rules of their holy religionÃ‚--

Atterbury.

3. To bend; to incline.

Milton.

4. To climb or move forward by winding or turning.

The tree was high,

Yet nimbly up from bough to bough I swerv'd.

Dryden.

[This use of the word coincides with that of swarm, which see.]

Swerving

SWERV'ING, participle of the present tense Roving; wandering; deviating from any rule or standard; inclining; climbing or moving by winding and turning.

Swerving

SWERV'ING, noun The act of wandering; deviation from any rule, law, duty or standard.

Swift

SWIFT, adjective [Saxon swift, from swifan, to turn, to rove, to wander, to whirl round; Dutch zweeven, to rove, to hover, to fluctuate; Danish svoever; Swedish sv?fva; German schweben, to wave, soar or hover. The latter appear to be formed on the root of wave. See Swivel and Waft.]

1. Moving a great distance or over a large space in a short time; moving with celerity or velocity; fleet; rapid; quick; speedy. We say, swift winds, a swift stream, swift lightnings, swift motion, swift as thought, a fowl swift of wing, a mean swift of foot. Swift is applicable to any kind of motion.

2. Ready; prompt.

Let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath. James 1.

3. Speedy; that comes without delay.

There shall be false teachers among you, who shall privily bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. 2 Peter 2.

Swift

SWIFT, noun The current of a stream. [Little used.]

Walton.

2. In domestic affairs, a reel or turning instrument for winding yarn. [This is a sense directly from the Saxon verb.]

3. A bird, a species of swallow, so called from the rapidity of its flight.

Derham.

4. The common newt or eft, a species of lizard.

Cyc.

Swifter

SWIFT'ER, noun In a ship, a rope used to confine the bars of the capstan in their sockets, while men are turning it; also, a rope used to encircle a boat longitudinally, to strengthen and defend her sides from the impulse of other boats. Swifters also are two shrouds fixed on the starboard and larboard sides of the lower masts, above all the other shrouds, to give the masts additional security.

Swifter

SWIFT'ER, verb transitive To stretch, as shrouds by tackles.

Swiftly

SWIFT'LY, adverb Fleetly; rapidly; with celerity; with quick motion or velocity.

Pleas'd with the passage, we slide swiftly on.

Dryden.

Swiftness

SWIFT'NESS, noun Speed; rapid motion; quickness; celerity; velocity; rapidity. Swiftness is a word of general import, and to every kind of motion, and to every thing that moves; as the swiftness of a bird; the swiftness of a stream; swiftness of descent in a falling body; swiftness of thought, &c.

Swig

SWIG, verb transitive or i. [Icelandic swiga. Qu. suck.] To drink by large draughts; to suck greedily.

Swig

SWIG, noun A large draught. [Vulgar.]

2. In seamen's language, a pulley with ropes which are not parallel.

Swig

SWIG, verb transitive [Saxon swigan, to stupefy.] To castrate, as a ram, by binding the testicles tight with a string. [Local.]

Cyc.

Swill

SWILL, verb transitive [Saxon swelgan, swylgan, to swallow.]

1. To drink grossly or greedily; as, to swill down great quantities of liquors.

Arbuthnot.

2. To wash; to drench.

Shak.

3. To inebriate; to swell with fullness.

I should be loth

To meet the rudeness and swill'd insolence

Of such late wassailers.

Milton.

Swill

SWILL, noun Large draughts of liquor; or drink taken in excessive quantities.

2. The wash or mixture of liquid substances, given to swine; called in some places swillings.

Swilled

SWILL'ED, participle passive Swallowed grossly in large quantities.

Swiller

SWILL'ER, noun One who drinks voraciously.

Swilling

SWILL'ING, participle of the present tense Swallowing excessive quantities of liquors.

Swillings

SWILL'INGS, noun Swill.

Swim

SWIM, verb intransitive pret. swam; pp. swum. [Saxon swimman; Dutch zwemmen, to swim; zwymen, to swoon; German schwemmen, schwimmen; Danish svimler, svÃƒ-¶mmer; Swedish svima, to swoon.]

1. To float; to be supported on water or other fluid; not to sink. Most species of wood will swim in water. Any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.

2. To move progressively in water by means of the motion of the hands and feet, or of fins. In Paris, boys are taught to swim by instructors appointed for that purpose. Isaiah 25.

Leap in with me into this angry flood,

And swim to yonder point.

Shak.

3. To float; to be borne along by a current. In all states there are men who will swim with the tide of popular opinion.

4. To glide along with a smooth motion, or with a waving motion.

She with pretty and with swimming gait.

Shak.

A hov'ring mist came swimming o'er his sight.

Dryden.

5. To be dizzy or vertiginous; to have a waving motion of the head or sensation of that kind, or a reeling of the body. The head swims when we walk on high.

6. To be floated; to be overflowed or drenched; as, the earth swims in rain.

Spectator.

Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim.

Thomson.

All the night I make my bed to swim; I water my couch with my tears. Psalm 6.

7. To overflow; to abound; to have abundance.

They now swim in joy.

Milton.

Swim

SWIM, verb transitive To pass or move on; as, to swim a stream. Deer are known to swim rivers and sounds.

Sometimes he thought to swim the stormy main.

Dryden.

2. To immerse in water that the lighter parts may swim; as, to swim wheat for seed.

Encyc.

Swimm

SWIMM, noun The bladder of fishes, by which they are said to be supported in water.

Grew.

Swimmer

SWIM'MER, noun One that swims.

2. A protuberance on the leg of a horse.

Far. Dict.

Swimming

SWIM'MING, participle of the present tense Floating on a fluid; moving on a fluid; having a waving or reeling motion; overflowing; abounding.

Swimming

SWIM'MING, noun The act or art of moving on the water by means of the limbs; a floating.

2. Dizziness.

Swimmingly

SWIM'MINGLY, adverb Smoothly; without obstruction; with great success. [Not elegant.]

Swindle

SWIN'DLE, verb transitive [Dutch zwendelen.] To cheat and defraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice; as, to swindle a man out of his property.

Swindled

SWIN'DLED, participle passive Grossly cheated and defrauded.

Swindler

SWIN'DLER, noun [German schwindler.] A cheat; a rogue; one who defrauds grossly, or one who makes a practice of defrauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice.

Swine

SWINE, n. sing. and plu. [Saxon swin; Swedish Danish svin; Dutch zwyn; German schwein. It is found in the French marsouin, a porpess; Latin mare, the sea, and swine; the sea hog; Portugese suino, pertaining to swine; Polish, svinia; Bohemian, swine; Cornish swynia.]

A hog; a quadruped of the genus Sus, which furnishes man with a large portion of his most nourishing food. The fat or lard of this animal enters into various dishes in cookery. The swine is a heavy, stupid animal, and delights to wallow in the mire.

Swine-Bread

SWI'NE-BREAD, noun A kind of plant, truffle.

Bailey.

Swine-Case

SWI'NE-CASE, or SWI'NE-COAT, or SWI'NE-CRUE, noun A hog sty; a pen for swine. [Local.]

Swine-Grass

SWI'NE-GRASS, noun A plant. [Latin centinodia, knot grass. Ainsworth.]

Swineherd

SWI'NEHERD, noun [swine and herd.] A keeper of swine.

Tusser.

Swine-Oat

SWI'NE-OAT, noun [swine and oat.] A kind of oats, cultivated for the use of pigs, as in Cornwall; the Avena nuda of botanists.

Cyc.

Swine-Pipe

SWI'NE-PIPE, noun [swine and pipe.] A bird, the red-wing. [Local.]

Cyc.

Swine-Pocks

SWI'NE-POCKS, or SWI'NE-POX, noun The chicken-pocks. [Local.]

A variety of the chicken-pocks, with acuminated vesicles containing a watery fluid; the water pox.

Good.

Swines-Cress

SWI'NE'S-CRESS, noun A species of cress, of the genus Cochlearia.

Swine-Stone

SWI'NE-STONE, noun [swine and stone.] A name given to those kinds of limestone which, when rubbed, emit a fetid odor, resembling that of naphtha combined with sulphureted hydrogen.

Cyc.

Swine-Sty

SWI'NE-STY, noun A sty or pen for swine.

Swine-Thistle

SWI'NE-THISTLE, noun A plant, the sow thistle.

Cyc.

Swing

SWING, verb intransitive pret. and pp. swung. [German schwingen, to swing, to brandish, to beat with a swingle staff; Dutch zwingelen, to beat; Swedish svinga; Danish svinger, to swing, to brandish, to soar. It seems that this is the Saxon swingan, to beat, strike, flagellate, whence to swingle flax. Swing seems to be formed on the root of wag.]

1. To move to and fro, as a body suspended in the air; to wave; to vibrate.

I tried if a pendulum would swing faster, or continue swinging longer in our receiver, if exhausted.

Boyle.

2. To practice swinging; as, a man swings for health or pleasure.

3. To move or float; also, to turn round an anchor; as, a ship swings with the tide.

Mar. Dict.

Swing

SWING, verb transitive To make to play loosely; to cause to wave or vibrate; as a body suspended in the air.

2. To whirl round in the air.

Ã‚--Swing thee in air, then dash thee down.

Milton.

3. To wave; to move to and fro; as, a man swings his arms when he walks.

He swings his tail, and swiftly turns him round.

Dryden.

4. To brandish; to flourish.

Swing

SWING, noun A waving or vibratory motion; oscillation; as the swing of a pendulum.

2. Motion from one side to the other. A haughty man struts or walks with a swing.

3. A line, cord or other thing suspended and hanging loose; also, an apparatus suspended for persons to swing in.

4. Influence or power of a body put in motion.

The ram that batters down the wall,

For the great swing and rudeness of his poiseÃ‚--

Shak.

5. Free course; unrestrained liberty or license.

Take thy swing.

Dryden.

To prevent any thing which may prove an obstacle to the full swing of his genius.

Burke.

6. The sweep or compass of a moving body.

7. Unrestrained tendency; as the prevailing swing of corrupt nature; the swing of propensities.

South. Glanville.

Swing-Bridge

SWING'-BRIDGE, noun [swing and bridge.] A bridge that may be moved by swinging; used on canals.

Swinge

SWINGE, verb transitive swinj. [Saxon swingan, supra.]

1. To beat soundly; to whip; to bastinade; to chastise; to punish.

You swing'd me for my love.

Shak.

Ã‚--And swinges his own vices in his son.

Dryden.

2. To move as a lash. [Not in use.]

Milton.

[This verb is obsolescent and vulgar.]

Swinge

SWINGE, noun swinj. A sway; a swing; the sweep of any thing in motion. [Not in use.]

Waller.

Swinge-Buckler

SWINGE-BUCKLER, noun swinj'-buckler. A bully; one who pretends to feats of arms. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Swinger

SWING'ER, noun One who swings; one who hurls.

Swinging

SWING'ING, participle of the present tense of swing. Waving; vibrating; brandishing.

Swinging

SWING'ING, noun The act of swinging; an exercise for health or pleasure.

Swinging

SWING'ING, participle of the present tense of swinge. Beating soundly.

2. adjective Huge; very large. [Vulgar.]

Swingingly

SWING'INGLY, adverb Vastly; hugely. [Vulgar.]

Swingle

SWIN'GLE, verb intransitive [from swing.] To dangle; to wave hanging.

2. To swing for pleasure. [Not in use.]

Swingle

SWIN'GLE, verb transitive [Saxon swingan, to beat. See Swing.]

To beat; to clean flax by beating it with a wooden instrument resembling a large knife, and called in New England a swingling knife. Flax is first broke and then swingled.

Swingle

SWIN'GLE, noun In wire-works, a wooden spoke fixed to the barrel that draws the wire; also, a crank.

Cyc.

Swingled

SWIN'GLED, participle passive Beat and cleaned by a swingling knife.

Swingle-Tree

SWIN'GLE-TREE, noun A whiffle-tree or whipple-tree.

Swingling

SWIN'GLING, participle of the present tense Beating and cleaning, as flax.

Swingling-Knife

SWIN'GLING-KNIFE, or SWIN'GLE, noun A wooden instrument like a large knife, about two feet long, with one thin edge, used for cleaning flax of the shives.

Swingling-Tow

SWIN'GLING-TOW, noun The coarse part of flax, separated from the finer by swingling and hatcheling.

Swing-Tree

SWING'-TREE, noun [swing and tree.] The bar of a carriage to which the traces are fastened. In America, it is often or generally called the whiffle-tree, or whipple-tree.

Swing-Wheel

SWING'-WHEEL, noun [swing and wheel.] In a time piece, the wheel which drives the pendulum. In a watch, or balance-clock, it is called the crown-wheel.

Cyc.

Swinish

SWI'NISH, adjective [from swine.] Befitting swine; like swine; gross; hoggish; brutal; as a swinish drunkard or sot; swinish gluttony.

Swink

SWINK, verb intransitive [Saxon swincan.] To labor; to toil; to drudge. Obs.

Spenser.

Swink

SWINK, verb transitive To overlabor. Obs.

Milton.

Swink

SWINK, noun Labor; toil; drudgery. Obs.

Spenser.

Swinker

SWINK'ER, noun A laborer; a plowman. Obs.

Chaucer.

Swipe

SWIPE, noun A swape or sweep, which see.

Swipper

SWIP'PER, adjective [Saxon swipan, to move quick.] Nimble; quick. [Not in use.]

Swiss

SWISS, noun A native of Switzerland or Swisserland.

2. The language of Swisserland.

Switch

SWITCH, noun [Swedish svege.] A small flexible twig or rod.

On the medal, Mauritania leads a horse by a thread with one hand, and in the other holds a switch.

Addison.

Switch

SWITCH, verb transitive To strike with a small twig or rod; to beat; to lash.

Chapman.

Switch

SWITCH, verb intransitive To walk with a jerk. [Obsolete or local.]

Swivel

SWIVEL, noun swiv'l. [from Saxon swifan, to turn or whirl round; or from the root of whiffle, which see. In Dutch weifelen is to palter, to waver, to whiffle.]

1. A ring which turns upon a staple; or a strong link of iron used in mooring ships, and which permits the bridles to be turned round; any ring or staple that turns.

Mar. Dict.

2. A small cannon or piece of artillery, carrying a shot of half a pound, fixed on a socket on the top of a ship's side, stern or bow, or in her tops, in such a manner as to be turned in any direction.

Mar. Dict.

Swivel

SWIVEL, verb intransitive swiv'l. To turn on a staple, pin or pivot.

Swivel-Hook

SWIV'EL-HOOK, noun A hook that turns in the end of an iron block strap, for the ready taking the turns out of a tackle.

Cyc.

Swob

SWOB, noun A mop. [See Swab.]

Swob

SWOB, verb transitive To clean or wipe with a swob. [See Swab.]

Swobber

SWOB'BER, noun One who swabs or cleans with a mop. [See Swabber.]

2. Swobbers, four privileged cards, only used incidentally in betting at the game of whist.

Swift.

Swollen

SWOLLEN, or SWOLN, participle passive of swell; irregular and obsolescent. The regular participle, swelled, is to be preferred.

Swom

SWOM, old pret. of swim, is obsolete. We now use swum and swam.

Swoon

SWOON, verb intransitive [Saxon aswunan. Qu. wane, vain, vanish.]

To faint; to sink into a fainting fit, in which there is a suspension of the apparent vital functions and mental powers.

The most in years swoon'd first away for pain.

Dryden.

He seemed ready to swoon away in the surprise of joy.

Tatler.

Swoon

SWOON, noun A fainting fit; lipothymy; syncope.

Coxe.

Swooning

SWOON'ING, participle of the present tense Fainting away.

Swooning

SWOON'ING, noun The act of fainting; syncope.

Hall.

Swoop

SWOOP, v.t. [This is probably from sweep, or the same root.]

1. To fall on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing; as, a hawk swoops a chicken; a kite swoops up a mouse.

2. To seize; to catch up; to take with a sweep.

Glanville.

3. To pass with violence. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Swoop

SWOOP, verb intransitive To pass with pomp.

Drayton.

Swoop

SWOOP, noun A falling on and seizing, as of a rapacious fowl on his prey.

The eagle fellÃ‚--and carried away a whole litter of cubs at a swoop.

L'Estrange.

Swop

SWOP, verb transitive To exchange; to barter; to give one commodity for another. [See Swap. This is a common word, but not in elegant use.]

Sword

SWORD, noun [Saxon sword, sweord; German schwert; Dutch zwaard; Danish svoerd, Swedish s?rd.]

1. An offensive weapon worn at the side, and used by hand either for thrusting or cutting.

2. Figuratively, destruction by war.

I will bring a sword upon you. Leviticus 26. Isaiah 51.

3. Vengeance or justice.

She quits the balance, and resigns the sword.

Dryden.

4. Emblem of authority and power.

The rulerÃ‚--beareth not the sword in vain. Romans 13.

5. War; dissension.

I came not to send peace, but a sword. Matthew 10.

6. Emblem of triumph and protection.

The Lord-the sword of thy excellence.

Deuteronomy 33.

Sword-Bearer

SWORD-BEARER, noun [sword and bear.] An officer in the city of London, who carries a sword as an emblem of justice before the lord mayor when he goes abroad.

Sword-Belt

SWORD-BELT, noun [sword and belt.] A belt by which a sword is suspended and borne by the side.

Sword-Blade

SWORD-BLADE, noun [sword and blade.]

The blade or cutting part of a sword.

Sworded

SWORDED, adjective Girded with a sword.

Milton.

Sworder

SWORDER, noun A soldier; a cut-throat.

[Not in use.]

Shak.

Sword-Fight

SWORD-FIGHT, noun [sword and fight.]

Fencing; a combat or trial of skill with swords.

Sword-Fish

SWORD-FISH, noun [sword and fish.] A genus of fishes called in ichthyology, xiphias; so named from the nose, snout or upper jaw, which is shaped like a sword.

Cyc.

Sword-Grass

SWORD-GRASS, noun [sword and grass.] A kind of sedge, glader; the sweet rush, a species of Acorus.

Ainsworth. Cyc.

Sword-Knot

SWORD-KNOT, noun [sword and knot.] A ribin tied to the hilt of a sword.

Pope.

Sword-Law

SWORD-LAW, noun [sword and law.] Violence; government by force.

Milton.

Sword-Man

SWORD-MAN, noun [sword and man.] A soldier; a fighting man.

Shak.

Sword-Player

SWORD-PLAYER, noun [sword and player.]

A fencer; a gladiator; one who exhibits his skill in the use of the sword.

Hakewill.

Sword-Shaped

SWORD-SHAPED, adjective [sword and shape.]

Ensiform; shaped like a sword; as a sword-shaped leaf.

Martyn.

Swore

SWORE, pret. of swear.

Sworn

SWORN, participle passive of swear. The officers of government are sworn to a faithful discharge of their duty.

Sworn friends, is a phrase equivalent to determined, close or firm friends.

I am sworn brother, sweet,

To grim necessity.

Shak.

Sworn enemies, are determined or irreconcilable enemies.

Swound

SWOUND, verb intransitive To swoon. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Swum

SWUM, pret. and participle passive of swim.

Swung

SWUNG, pret. and participle passive of swing.

Syb

SYB, or SIB, adjective [Saxon] Related by blood. Obs.

Sybaritic

SYBARIT'IC, or SYBARIT'ICAL, adjective [from Sybaritoe, inhabitants of Sybaris, in Italy, who were proverbially voluptuous.]

Luxurious; wanton.

Bp. Hall.

Sycamine

SYCAMINE, [See Sycamore.]

Sycamore

SYCAMORE, noun [Greek, from, a fig, and.]

A species of fig-tree. The name is also given to the Acer majus, [A. pseudo-platanus,] a species of maple.

Cyc. Lee.

This name is also given to the plane tree or button-wood, of the genus Platanus.

Pursh.

Sycamore-Moth

SYCAMORE-MOTH, noun A large and beautiful moth or night butterfly; so called because its caterpillar feeds on the leaves of the sycamore.

Cyc.

Sycite

SYC'ITE, noun [Greek, fig.] Fig-stone; a name which some authors give to nodules of flint or pebbles which resemble a fig.

Cyc.

Sycophancy

SYC'OPHANCY, noun [infra.] Originally, information of the clandestine exportation of figs; hence, mean talebearing; obsequious flattery; servility.

Sycophant

SYC'OPHANT, noun [Greek; a fig, and, to discover.]

Originally, an informer against those who stole figs, or exported them contrary to law, &c. Hence in time it came to signify a talebearer or informer, in general; hence, a parasite; a mean flatterer; especially a flatterer of princes and great men; hence, a deceiver, an impostor. Its most general use is in the sense of an obsequious flatterer or parasite.

Encyc. Potter's Antiq.

Sycophant

SYC'OPHANT, or SYC'OPHANTIZE, v.t. To play the sycophant; to flatter meanly and officiously; to inform or tell tales for gaining favor.

Sycophantic

SYCOPHANT'IC, adjective Talebearing; more generally, obsequiously flattering; parasitic; courting favor by mean adulation.

2. Sycophantic plants, or parasiles, are such as adhere to other plants, and depend on them for support.

Sycophantry

SYC'OPHANTRY, noun Mean and officious talebearing or adulation.

Barrow.

Sydnean

SYDNE'AN, or SYDNE'IAN, adjective Denoting a species of white earth brought from Sidney cove in South Wales.

Kirwan.

Syenite

SYENITE. [See Sienite.]

Syke

SYKE, noun A small brook or rill in low ground. [Local.]

Syllabic

SYLLAB'IC, or SYLLAB'ICAL, adjective [from syllable.] Pertaining to a syllable or syllables; as syllabic accent.

2. Consisting of a syllable or syllables; as a syllabic augment.

Syllabically

SYLLAB'ICALLY, adverb In a syllabic manner.

Syllabication

SYLLABICA'TION, noun The act of forming syllables; the act or method of dividing words into syllables.

Ash.

Syllable

SYL'LABLE, noun [Latin syllaba; Greek, from, to comprehend; and, to take.]

1. A letter, or a combination of letters, uttered together, or at a single effort or impulse of the voice. A vowel may form a syllable by itself, as a, the definitive, or in amen; e in even; o in over, and the like. A syllable may also be formed of a vowel and one consonant, as in go, do, in, at; or a syllable may be formed by a vowel with two articulations, one preceding, the other following it, as in can, but, tun; or a syllable may consist of a combination of consonants, with one vowel or diphthong, as strong, short, camp, voice.

A syllable sometimes forms a word, and is then significant, as in go, run, write, sun, moon. In other cases, a syllable is merely part of a word, and by itself is not significant. Thus ac, in active, has no signification.

At least one vowel or open sound is essential to the formation of a syllable; hence in every word there must be as many syllables as there are single vowels, or single vowels and diphthongs. A word is called according to the number of syllables it contains, viz.

Monosyllable, a word of one syllable.

Dissyllable, a word of two syllables.

Trisyllable, a word of three syllables.

Polysyllable, a word of many syllables.

2. A small part of a sentence or discourse; something very concise. This account contains not a syllable of truth.

Before a syllable of the law of God was written.

Hooker.

Syllable

SYL'LABLE, verb transitive To utter; to articulate. [Not used.]

Milton.

Syllabub

SYL'LABUB, noun A compound drink made of wine and milk; a different orthography of sillabub.

Syllabus

SYL'LABUS, noun [Latin from the same source as syllable.]

An abstract; a compendium containing the heads of a discourse.

Syllepsis

SYLLEP'SIS, noun [Greek. See Syllable.]

1. In grammar, a figure by which we conceive the sense of words otherwise than the words import, and construe them according to the intention of the author; otherwise called substitution.

2. The agreement of a verb or adjective, not with the word next to it, but with the most worthy in the sentence; as, rex et regina beati.

Syllogism

SYL'LOGISM, noun [Latin syllogismus; Greek; with, and, to speak; to think.]

A form of reasoning or argument, consisting of three propositions, of which the two first are called the premises, and the last the conclusion. In this argument, the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises; so that if the two first propositions are true, the conclusion must be true, and the argument amounts to demonstration. Thus,

A plant has not the power of locomotion;

An oak is a plant;

Therefore an oak has not the power of locomotion.

These propositions are denominated the major, the minor, and the conclusion.

Syllogistic

SYLLOGIS'TIC, or SYLLOGIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to a syllogism; consisting of a syllogism, or of the form of reasoning by syllogisms; as syllogistic arguments or reasoning.

Syllogistically

SYLLOGIS'TICALLY, adverb In the form of a syllogism; by means of syllogisms; as, to reason or prove syllogistically.

Syllogization

SYLLOGIZA'TION, noun A reasoning by syllogisms.

Harris.

Syllogize

SYL'LOGIZE, verb intransitive To reason by syllogisms.

Men have endeavored to teach boys to syllogize, or to frame arguments and refute them, without real knowledge.

Watts.

Syllogizer

SYL'LOGIZER, noun One who reasons by syllogisms.

Syllogizing

SYL'LOGIZING, participle of the present tense Reasoning by syllogisms.

Sylph

SYLPH, noun [French sylphide; Greek, a moth, a beetle.]

An imaginary being inhabiting the air.

Temple. Pope.

Sylva

SYL'VA, noun [Latin a wood or forest.] In poetry, a poetical piece composed in a start or kind of transport.

2. A collection of poetical pieces of various kinds.

Cyc.

Sylvan

SYLVAN, [See Silvan.]

Sylvan

SYL'VAN, noun A fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a faun; sometimes perhaps, a rustic.

Her private orchards, wall'd on ev'ry side,

To lawless sylvans all access deni'd.

Pope.

Sylvanite

SYL'VANITE, noun Native tellurium, a metallic substance recently discovered.

Dict. Ure.

Symbal

SYMBAL. [See Cymbal.]

Symbol

SYM'BOL, noun [Latin symbolum; Greek; with, and, to throw; to compare.]

1. The sign or representation of any moral thing by the images or properties of natural things. Thus the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. Symbols are of various kinds, as types, enigmas, parables, fables, allegories, emblems, hieroglyphics, &c.

Encyc.

2. An emblem or representation of something else. Thus in the eucharist, the bread and wine are called symbols of the body and blood of Christ.

3. A letter or character which is significant. The Chinese letters are most of them symbols. The symbols in algebra are arbitrary.

4. In medals, a certain mark or figure representing a being or thing, as a trident is the symbol of Neptune, the peacock of Juno, &c.

5. Among christians, an abstract or compendium; the creed, or a summary of the articles of religion.

Baker.

6. Lot; sentence of adjudication. [Not in use.]

Taylor.

Symbolic

SYMBOL'IC, or SYMBOL'ICAL, adjective Representative; exhibiting or expressing by resemblance or signs; as, the figure of an eye is symbolical of sight and knowledge. The ancients had their symbolical mysteries.

The sacrament is a representation of Christ's death, by such symbolical actions as he appointed.

Taylor.

Symbolical philosophy, is the philosophy expressed by hieroglyphics.

Symbolically

SYMBOL'ICALLY, adverb By representation or resemblance of properties; by signs; typically. Courage is symbolically represented by a lion.

Symbolism

SYM'BOLISM, noun Among chimists, consent of parts.

Encyc.

Symbolization

SYMBOLIZA'TION, noun [See Symbolize.]

The act of symbolizing; resemblance in properties.

Brown.

Symbolize

SYM'BOLIZE, verb intransitive [French symboliser.] To have a resemblance of qualities or properties.

The pleasing of color symbolizeth with the pleasing of a single tone to the ear, but the pleasing of order doth symbolize with harmony.

Bacon.

They both symbolize in this, that they love to look upon themselves through multiplying glasses.

Howell.

Symbolize

SYM'BOLIZE, verb transitive To make to agree in properties.

2. To make representative of something.

Some symbolize the same from the mystery of its colors.

Brown.

Symbolizing

SYM'BOLIZING, participle of the present tense Representing by some properties in common; making to agree or resemble in properties.

Symmetral

SYM'METRAL, adjective [from symmetry.] Commensurable.

More.

Symmetrian

SYMME'TRIAN, or SYM'METRIST, noun [from symmetry.] One eminently studious of proportion or symmetry of parts.

Sidney. Wotton.

Symmetrical

SYMMET'RICAL, adjective [from symmetry.]

Proportional in its parts; having its parts in due proportion, as to dimensions; as a symmetrical body or building.

Symmetrically

SYMMET'RICALLY, adverb With due proportion of parts.

Symmetrize

SYM'METRIZE, verb transitive To make proportional in its parts; to reduce to symmetry.

Burke.

Symmetry

SYM'METRY, noun [Greek; with, together, and, measure; to measure; French symetrie; Italian Spanish simetria.]

A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each other; adaptation of the dimensions of the several parts of a thing to each other; or the union and conformity of the members of a work to the whole. Symmetry arises from the proportion which the Greeks call analogy, which is the relation of conformity of all the parts to a certain measure; as the symmetry of a building or an animal body.

Cyc.

Uniform symmetry, in architecture, is where the same ordonnance reigns throughout the whole.

Respective symmetry, is where only the opposite sides are equal to each other.

Cyc.

Sympathetic

SYMPATHET'IC, or SYMPATHET'ICAL, adjective [French sympathique. See Sympathy.]

1. Pertaining to sympathy.

2. Having common feeling with another; susceptible of being affected by feelings like those of another, or of feelings in consequence of what another feels; as a sympathetic heart.

3. Among physicians, produced by sympathy. A sympathetic disease is one which is produced by sympathy, or by a remote cause, as when a fever follows a local injury. In this case, the word is opposed to idiopathetic, which denotes a disease produced by a proximate cause, or an original disease. Thus an epilepsy is sympathetic, when it is produced by some other disease.

Cyc..

4. Among chimists and alchimists, an epithet applied to a kind of powder, possessed of the wonderful property that if spread on a cloth dipped in the blood of a wound, the wound will be healed, though the patient is at a distance. This opinion is discarded as charlatanry.

This eipthet is given also to a species of ink or liquor, with which a person may write letters which are not visible till something else is applied.

5. In anatomy, sympathetic is applied to two nerves, from the opinion that their communications are the cause of sympathies. One of these is the great intercostal nerve; the other is the facial nerve.

Cyc.

Sympathetically

SYMPATHET'ICALLY, adverb With sympathy or common feeling; in consequence of sympathy; by communication from something else.

Sympathize

SYM'PATHIZE, verb intransitive [French sympathiser. See Sympathy.]

1. To have a common feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain.

The mind will sympathize so much with the anguish and debility of the body, that it will be too distracted to fix itself in meditation.

Buckminster.

2. To feel in consequence of what another feels; to be affected by feelings similar to those of another, in consequence of knowing the person to be thus affected. We sympathize with our friends in distress; we feel some pain when we see them pained, or when we are informed of their distresses, even at a distance.

[It is generally and properly used of suffering or pain, and not of pleasure or joy. It may be sometimes used with greater latitude.]

3. To agree; to fit. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Sympathy

SYM'PATHY, noun [Greek,; with, and, passion.]

1. Fellow feeling; the quality of being affected by the affection of another, with feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree. We feel sympathy for another when we see him in distress, or when we are informed of his distresses. This sympathy is a correspondent feeling of pain or regret.

Sympathy is produced through the medium of organic impression.

Chipman.

I value myself upon sympathy; I hate and despise myself for envy.

Kames.

2. An agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of natural temperament, which makes two persons pleased with each other.

Encyc.

To such associations may be attributed most of the sympathies and antipathies of our nature.

Anon.

3. In medicine, a correspondence of various parts of the body in similar sensations or affections; or an affection of the whole body or some part of it, in consequence of an injury or disease of another part, or of a local affection. Thus a contusion on the head will produce nausea and vomiting. This is said to be by sympathy, or consent of parts.

Cyc.

4. In natural history, a propension of inanimate things to unite, or to act on each other. Thus we say, there is a sympathy between the lodestone and iron.

Cyc.

Symphonious

SYMPHO'NIOUS, adjective [from symphony.] Agreeing in sound; accordant; harmonious.

Ã‚--Sounds

Symphonious of ten thousand harps.

Milton.

Symphony

SYM'PHONY, noun [Latin symphonia; French symphonie; Greek; with, and. voice.]

1. A consonance or harmony of sounds, agreeable to the ear, whether the sounds are vocal or instrumental, or both.

The trumpets sound,

And warlike symphony is heard around.

Dryden.

2. A musical instrument, mentioned by French writers.

3. A full concert.

4. An overture or other composition for instruments.

Symphysis

SYM'PHYSIS, noun [Greek; together, and, to grow.]

1. In anatomy, the union of bones by cartilage; a connection of bones without a movable joint.

Coxe. Cyc.

2. In surgery, a coalescence of a natural passage; also, the first intention of cure in a wound.

Coxe.

Symposiac

SYMPOSIAC, a. sympo'ziac. [Greek, a drinking together; together, and, to drink.]

Pertaining to compotations and merry-making; happening where company is drinking together; as symposiac meetings.

Brown.

Symposiac disputations.

Arbuthnot.

[Not much used.]

Symposiac

SYMPO'SIAC, noun A conference or conversation of philosophers at a banquet.

Plutarch.

Symposium

SYMPOSIUM, n. sympo'zium. [supra.] A drinking together; a merry feast.

Warton.

Symptom

SYMP'TOM, noun [French symptome; Greek, a falling or accident, from, with, and, to fall.]

1. Properly, something that happens in concurrence with another thing, as an attendant. Hence in medicine, any affection which accompanies disease; a perceptible change in the body or its functions, which indicates disease. The causes of disease often lie beyond our sight, but we learn the nature of them by the symptoms. Particular symptoms which more uniformly accompany a morbid state of the body, and are characteristic of it, are called pathognomonic or diagnostic symptoms.

2. A sign or token; that which indicates the existence of something else; as, open murmurs of the people are a symptom of disaffection to law or government.

Symptomatic

SYMPTOMAT'IC, or SYMPTOMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to symptoms; happening in concurrence with something; indicating the existence of something else.

2. In medicine, a symptomatic disease is one which proceeds from some prior disorder in some part of the body. Thus a symptomatic fever may proceed from local pain or local inflammation. It is opposed to idiopathic.

Encyc. Coxe.

3. According to symptoms; as a symptomatical classification of diseases.

Symptomatically

SYMPTOMAT'ICALLY, adverb By means of symptoms; in the nature of symptoms.

Wiseman.

Symptomatology

SYMPTOMATOL'OGY, noun [Greek and, discourse.]

The doctrine of symptoms; that part of the science of medicine which treats of the symptoms of diseases.

Coxe.

Synagogical

SYNAGOG'ICAL, adjective [from synagogue.] Pertaining to a synagogue.

Dict.

Synagogue

SYNAGOGUE, n. syn'agog. [French from Greek; together, and, to drive; properly an assembly.]

1. A congregation or assembly of Jews, met for the purpose of worship or the performance of religious rites.

2. The house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews.

3. The court of the seventy elders among the Jews, called the great synagogue.

Cyc.

Synagris

SYN'AGRIS, noun A fish caught in the Archipelago, resembling the dentex. It has a sharp back, and is reckoned a species of Sparus.

Cyc.

Synalepha

SYNALE'PHA, noun [Greek.] In grammar, a contraction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diphthong at the end of a word, before another vowel or diphthong; as ill' ego for ille ego.

Synarchy

SYN'ARCHY, noun [Greek.] Joint rule or sovereignty.

Stackhouse.

Synaresis

SYNAR'ESIS, or SYNAR'ESY, noun [Greek.] Contraction; the shortening of a word by the omission of a letter, as ne'er for never.

Addison.

Synarthrosis

SYNARTHRO'SIS, noun [Greek, with, and, to articulate.]

Union of bones without motion; close union; as in sutures, symphysis and the like.

Coxe.

Synaxis

SYNAX'IS, noun [Greek from, to congregate; and.]

A congregation; also, a term formerly used for the Lord's supper.

Saxon Laws.

Synchondrosis

SYNCHONDRO'SIS, noun [Greek and, cartilage.]

The connection of bones by means of cartilage or gristle.

Wiseman.

Synchronal

SYN'CHRONAL, adjective [Greek, with, and, time.]

Happening at the same time; simultaneous.

Synchronal

SYN'CHRONAL, noun [supra.] That which happens at the same time with something else, or pertains to the same time.

More.

Synchronical

SYNCHRON'ICAL, adjective [See Synchronism.] Happening at the same time; simultaneous.

Boyle.

Synchronism

SYN'CHRONISM, noun [Greek, with, and, time.]

Concurrence of two or more events in time; simultaneousness.

Hale.

Synchronize

SYN'CHRONIZE, verb intransitive [supra.] To agree in time; to be simultaneous.

Robinson.

Synchronous

SYN'CHRONOUS, adjective Happening at the same time; simultaneous.

Arbuthnot.

Synchronously

SYN'CHRONOUSLY, adverb [supra.] At the same time.

Syncopate

SYN'COPATE, verb transitive [See Syncope.] To contract, as a word, by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle.

2. In music, to prolong a note begun on the unaccented part of a bar, to the accented part of the next bar; or to connect the last note of a bar with the first of the following; or to end a note in one part, in the middle of a note of another part.

Syncopated

SYN'COPATED, participle passive Contracted by the loss of a letter from the middle of the word.

2. Inverted, as the measure in music.

Syncopation

SYNCOPA'TION, noun The contraction of a word by taking a letter, letters or a syllable from the middle.

2. In music, an interruption of the regular measure; an inversion of the order of notes; a prolonging of a note begun on the unaccented part of a bar, to the accented part of the next bar; also, a driving note, when a shorter note at the beginning of a measure is followed by two or more longer notes before another short note occurs, equal to that which occasioned the driving, to make the number even.

Encyc.

Syncope

SYN'COPE, or SYN'COPY, noun [Greek, from; and, to cut off.]

1. In music, the same as syncopation; the division of a note introduced when two or more notes of one part answer to a single note of another.

2. In grammar, an elision or retrenchment of one or more letters or a syllable from the middle of a word.

3. In medicine, a fainting or swooning; a diminution or interruption of the motion of the heart, and of respiration, accompanied with a suspension of the action of the brain and a temporary loss of sensation, volition and other faculties.

Cyc.

Syncopist

SYN'COPIST, noun One who contracts words.

Syncopize

SYN'COPIZE, verb transitive To contract by the omission of a letter or syllable.

Syndic

SYN'DIC, noun [Latin syndicus; Greek; with, and, justice.]

An officer of government, invested with different powers in different countries; a kind of magistrate entrusted with the affairs of a city or community. In Geneva, the syndic is the chief magistrate. Almost all the companies in Paris, the university, &c., have their syndics. The university of Cambridge has its syndics.

Syndicate

SYN'DICATE, noun In some countries on the European continent, a council; a branch of government.

Burnet.

Syndicate

SYN'DICATE, verb transitive To judge, or to censure.

Syndrome

SYN'DROME, or SYN'DROMY, noun [Greek, a running together.]

1. Concurrence.

Glanville.

2. In medicine, the concourse or combination of symptoms in a disease.

Cyc.

Synecdoche

SYNEC'DOCHE, or SYNEC'DOCHY, noun [Greek; and, to take.]

In rhetoric, a figure or trope by which the whole of a thing is put for a part, or a part for the whole; as the genus for the species, or the species for the genus, &c.

Cyc.

Synecdochical

SYNECDOCH'ICAL, adjective Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.

Boyle.

Syngenese

SYN'GENESE, noun [Greek, with, and, generation, origin.]

In botany, a plant whose stamens are united in a cylindrical form by the anothers.

Syngenesian

SYNGENE'SIAN, adjective Pertaining to the class syngenesia.

Synneurosis

SYNNEURO'SIS, noun [Greek and, a nerve.]

In anatomy, the connection of parts by means of ligaments, as in the movable joints.

Coxe. Parr.

Synod

SYN'OD, noun [Greek, a convention; and, way.]

1. In church history, a council or meeting of ecclesiastics to consult on matters of religion. Synods are of four kinds, 1. General or ecumenical, which are composed of bishops from different nations. 2. National, in which the bishops of one nation only meet, to determine points of doctrine or discipline. 3. Provincial, in which the bishops of one province only meet. This is called a convocation. 4. Diocesan.

In Scotland, a synod is composed of several adjoining preshyteries. The members are the ministers, and a ruling elder from each parish. A synod in the United States is constituted in like manner as in Scotland.

2. A meeting, convention or council; as a synod of gods.

Let us call to synod all the blest.

Milton.

3. In astronomy, a conjunction of two or more planets or stars in the same optical place of the heavens.

Encyc.

Synodal

SYN'ODAL, noun Anciently, a pecuniary rent, paid to the bishop or archdeacon at the time of his Easter visitation, by every parish priest; a procuration.

Encyc.

Synodals are due of common right to the bishop only.

Gibson.

2. Constitutions made in provincial or diocesan synods, are sometimes called synodals.

Encyc.

Synodal

SYN'ODAL, or SYNOD'IC, or SYNOD'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a synod; transacted in a synod; as synodical proceedings or forms; a synodical epistle.

Stillingfleet.

Synodical month, in astronomy, is the period from one conjunction of the moon with the sun to another. This is called also a lunation, because in the course of it the moon exhibits all its phases. This month consists of 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 3 seconds and 11 thirds.

Kepler. Encyc.

Synodically

SYNOD'ICALLY, adverb By the authority of a synod.

Sanderson.

Synomosy

SYNOM'OSY, noun [Greek; with, and, to swear.]

Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern political club.

Mitford.

Synonym

SYN'ONYM, noun [Greek; with, and, name.]

A name, noun or other word having the same signification as another, is its synonym. Two words containing the same idea are synonyms.

He has extricated the synonyms of former authors.

Coxe's Russ.

Synonyma

SYNON'YMA, n. plu. Words having the same signification. But synonyms is a regular English word.

Synonymal

SYNON'YMAL, adjective Synonymous. [Not in use.]

Synonymist

SYNON'YMIST, noun Among botanists, a person who collects the different names or synonyms of plants, and reduces them to one another.

Cyc.

Synonymize

SYNON'YMIZE, verb transitive To express the same meaning in different words.

Camden.

Synonymous

SYNON'YMOUS, adjective Expressing the same thing; conveying the same idea. We rarely find two words precisely synonymous. Wave and billow are sometimes synonymous, but not always. When we speak of the large rolling swell of the sea, we may call it a wave or a billow; but when we speak of the small swell of a pond, we may call it a wave, but we may not call it a billow.

Synonymously

SYNON'YMOUSLY, adverb In a synonymous manner; in the same sense; with the same meaning. Two words may be used synonymously in some cases and not in others.

Synonymy

SYNON'YMY, noun The quality of expressing the same meaning by different words.

2. In rhetoric, a figure by which synonymous words are used to amplify a discourse.

Synopsis

SYNOP'SIS, noun [Greek; with, and, view.]

A general view, or a collection of things or parts so arranged as to exhibit the whole or the principal parts in a general view.

Synoptic

SYNOP'TIC, or SYNOP'TICAL, adjective Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal parts of a thing; as a synoptic table.

Buckland.

Synoptically

SYNOP'TICALLY, adverb In such a manner as to present a general view in a short compass.

Synovia

SYNO'VIA, or SYN'OVY, noun In anatomy, the fluid secreted into the cavities of joints, for the purpose of lubricating them.

Cyc.

Synovial

SYNO'VIAL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to synovia; secreting a lubricating fluid; as the synovial membrane; synovial gland.

Cyc.

Syntactic

SYNTAC'TIC, or SYNTAC'TICAL, adjective [See Syntax.] Pertaining to syntax, or the construction of sentences.

2. According to the rules of syntax or construction.

Encyc.

Syntactically

SYNTAC'TICALLY, adverb In conformity to syntax.

Syntax

SYN'TAX, noun [Latin syntaxis; Greek; together, and, to put.]

1. In grammar, the construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences, according to established usage. Syntax includes concord and regimen, or the agreement and government of words. Words, in every language, have certain connections and relations, as verbs and adjectives with nouns, which relations must be observed in the formation of sentences. A gross violation of the rules of syntax is a solecism.

2. Connected system or order; union of things. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Synthesis

SYN'THESIS, noun [Greek; and, to put or set.]

1. Composition, or the putting of two or more things together, as in compound medicines.

Cyc.

2. In logic, composition, or that process of reasoning in which we advance by a regular chain from principles before established or assumed, and propositions already proved, till we arrive at the conclusion. Synthesis is the opposite of analysis or resolution.

Encyc.

3. In surgery, the operation by which divided parts are reunited.

Cyc.

4. In chimistry, the uniting of elements into a compound; the opposite of analysis, which is the separation of a compound into its constituent parts. That water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen, is proved both by analysis and synthesis.

Synthetic

SYNTHET'IC, or SYNTHET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or composition; as the synthetic method of reasoning, as opposed to the analytical.

Synthetically

SYNTHET'ICALLY, adverb By synthesis; by composition.

Synthetize

SYN'THETIZE, verb transitive To unite in regular structure. [Not much used.]

Syntonic

SYNTON'IC, adjective [Greek, with, and, tone.] In music, sharp; intense.

Rousseau.

Syphilis

SYPH'ILIS. [See Siphilis.]

Syphon

SY'PHON, noun [Greek.] A tube or pipe. More correctly siphon, which see.

Syriac

SYR'IAC, noun The language of Syria, especially the ancient language of that country.

Syriac

SYR'IAC, adjective [from Syria.] Pertaining to Syria, or its language; as the Syriac version of the Pentateuch; Syriac Bible.

Syriacism

SYR'IACISM, noun A Syrian idiom.

Milton.

Syrian

SYR'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Syria.

Syrianism

SYR'IANISM, noun A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity in the Syrian language.

Paley.

Syriasm

SYR'IASM, noun The same as syrianism.

Warburton. Stuart.

Syringa

SYRIN'GA, noun [Greek, a pipe.] A genus of plants, the lilac.

Syringe

SYRINGE, n. syr'inj. [supra.] An instrument for injecting liquids into animal bodies, into wounds, &c.; or an instrument in the form of a pump, serving to imbibe any fluid, and then to expel it with force.

Syringe

SYR'INGE, verb transitive To inject by means of a pipe or syringe; to wash and cleanse by injections from a syringe.

Syringotomy

SYRINGOT'OMY, noun [Greek, a pipe, and, to cut.]

The operation of cutting for the fistula.

Cyc.

Syrtis

SYR'TIS, noun [Latin] A quicksand. [Not English.]

Milton.

Syrup

SYRUP. [See Sirup.]

Systasis

SYS'TASIS, noun [Greek.] The consistence of a thing; constitution. [Little used.]

Burke.

System

SYS'TEM, noun [French systÃƒ-©me; Latin systema; Greek; and, to set.]

1. An assemblage of things adjusted into a regular whole; or a whole plan or scheme consisting of many parts connected in such a manner as to create a chain of mutual dependencies; or a regular union of principles or parts forming one entire thing. Thus we say, a system of logic, a system of philosophy, a system of government, a system of principles, the solar system, the Copernican system, a system of divinity, a system of law, a system of morality, a system of husbandry, a system of botany or of chimistry.

2. Regular method or order.

3. In music, an interval compounded or supposed to be compounded of several lesser intervals, as the fifth octave, &c. the elements of which are called diastems.

Busby.

Systematic

SYSTEMAT'IC, or SYSTEMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to system; consisting in system; methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design of the whole; as a systematic arrangement of plants or animals; a systematic course of study.

2. Proceeding according to system or regular method; as a systematic writer.

Systematically

SYSTEMAT'ICALLY, adverb In the form of a system; methodically.

Boyle.

Systematist

SYS'TEMATIST, noun One who forms a system, or reduces to system.

Systemization

SYSTEMIZA'TION, noun [from systemize.] The act or operation of systemizing; the reduction of things to system or regular method.

Systemize

SYS'TEMIZE, verb transitive To reduce to system or regular method; as, to systemize the principles of moral philosophy; to systemize plants or fossils.

Systemized

SYS'TEMIZED, participle passive Reduced to system or method.

Systemizer

SYS'TEMIZER, noun One who reduces things to system.

Systemizing

SYS'TEMIZING, participle of the present tense Reducing to system or due method.

System-Maker

SYS'TEM-MAKER, noun One who forms a system.

System-Monger

SYS'TEM-MONGER, noun One given to the forming of systems.

Chesterfield.

Systole

SYS'TOLE, or SYS'TOLY, noun [Greek, from, to contract; and, to send.]

1. In grammar, the shortening of a long syllable.

2. In anatomy, the contraction of the heart for expelling the blood and carrying on the circulation. [See Diastole.]

Systyle

SYS'TYLE, noun [Greek, with or together, and, a column.]

In architecture, the manner of placing columns, where the place between the two shafts consists of two diameters or four modules.

Encyc.

Sythe

SYTHE, noun [Saxon sithe; Dutch seissen; Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic hatzada, to reap; deriv. Arabic a sickle; Samaritan to reap; Ethiopic atzad, to reap, and deriv. a sickle; Hebrew Chaldee from the same root, an ax. These verbs seem to be the same, with different prefixes, and from this evidently is derived sythe, which is written incorrectly scythe.]

1. An instrument for mowing grass, or cutting other grain or vegetables. It consists of a long curving blade with a sharp edge, made fast to a handle, which in New England is called a snath, and which is bent into a convenient form for swinging the blade to advantage. The balde is hung to the snath at an acute angle.

In mythology, Saturn or Time is represented with a sythe, the emblem of destruction.

2. The curved sharp blade used anciently in war chariots.

Sythe

SYTHE, verb transitive To mow. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Sythed

SY'THED, adjective Armed with sythes, as a chariot.

Sytheman

SY'THEMAN, noun One who uses a sythe; a mower.

Syzygy

SYZ'YGY, noun [Greek; and, to join.]

The conjunction or opposition of a planet with the sun, or of any two of the heavenly bodies. On the phenomena and circumstances of the syzygies, depends a great part of the lunar theory.

Encyc.

T

T

T is the twentieth letter of the English Alphabet, and a close consonant. It represents a close joining of the end of the tongue to the root of the upper teeth, as may be perceived by the syllables at, et, ot, ut, in attempting to pronounce which, the voice is completely intercepted. It is therefore numbered among the mutes, or close articulations, and it differs from d chiefly in its closeness; for in pronouncing ad, ed, we perceive the voice is not so suddenly and entirely intercepted, as in pronouncing at and et. T by itself has one sound only, as in take, turn, bat, bolt, smite, bitter. So we are accustomed to speak; but in reality, t can be hardly said to have any sound at all. Its use, like that of all mute articulations, is to modify the manner of uttering the vocal sound which precedes or follows it.

When t is followed by h, as in think and that, the combination really forms a distinct sound for which we have no single character. This combination has two sounds in English; aspirated, as in think, and vocal, as in that.

The letters ti, before a vowel, and unaccented, usually pass into the sound of sh, as in nation, motion, partial, substantiate; which are pronounced nashon, moshon, parshal, substanshate. In this case, t loses entirely its proper sound or use, and being blended with the subsequent letter, a new sound results from the combination, which is in fact a simple sound. In a few words, the combination ti has the sound of the English ch, as in Christian, mixtion, question.

T

T is convertible with d. Thus the Germans write tag, where we write day, and gut, for good. It is also convertible with s and z, for the Germans write wasser, for water, and zahm, for tame.

T

T as an abbreviation, stands for theologia; as, S. T. Dutch sanctoe theologioe doctor, doctor of divinity. In ancient monuments and writings, T. is an abbreviature, which stands for Titus, Titius or Tullius.

As a numeral, T, among the Latins, stood for 160, and with a dash over the top, T, for 160,000.

Encyc.

In music, T. is the initial of tenor, vocal and instrumental; of tacet, for silence, as adagio tacet, when a person is to rest during the whole movement. In concertos and symphonies, it is the initial of tutti, the whole band, after a solo. It sometimes stands for tr. or trillo, a shake.

Tabard

TAB'ARD, noun [Welsh tabar, from tÃƒ-¢b, a spread or surface; Italian tabarra.]

A short gown; a herald's coat. [Not used in the U. States.]

Tabarder

TAB'ARDER, noun One who wears a tabard.

Tabasheer

TABASHEER, noun A Persian word signifying a concretion found in the joints of the bamboo, said by Dr. Russel to be the juice of the plant thickened and hardened; by others, to be pure silex. It is highly valued in the E. Indies as a medicine, for the cure of bilious vomitings, bloody flux, piles, &c.

Encyc. Thomson.

Tabbied

TAB'BIED, participle passive Watered; made wavy.

Tabby

TAB'BY, adjective [See the Noun.] Brinded; brindled; diversified in color; as a tabby cat.

Addison.

Tabby

TAB'BY, noun [French tabis; Italian Spanish Portugese tabi; Danish tabin; Dutch tabbyn; German tobin; Armoric taftas, taffeta. Qu. French taveler, to spot.]

1. A kind of waved silk, usually watered. It is manufactured like taffeta, but is thicker and stronger. The watering is given to it by the calender.

Cyc.

2. A mixture of stone or shells and mortar, which becomes hard as a rock; used in Morocco.

Tabby

TAB'BY, verb transitive To water or cause to look wavy; as, to tabby silk, mohair, ribin, &c. This is done by a calender without water.

Cyc.

Tabbying

TAB'BYING, noun The passing of stuffs under a calender to give them a wavy appearance.

Tabefaction

TABEFAC'TION, noun [Latin tabeo, to waste, and facio, to make. See Tabefy.]

A wasting away; a gradual losing of flesh by disease.

Tabefy

TAB'EFY, verb intransitive [Hebrew Chaldee to pine; or Arabic tabba, to be weakened, to perish. Class Db.] To consume; to waste gradually; to lose flesh. [Little used.]

Harvey.

Taberd

TABERD. [See Tabard.]

Tabernacle

TAB'ERNACLE, noun [Latin tabernaculum, a tent, from taberna, a shop or shed, from tabula, a board; or rather from its root. See Table.]

1. A tent. Numbers 24. Matthew 17.

2. A temporary habitation.

Milton.

3. Among the Jews, a movable building, so contrived as to be taken to pieces with ease and reconstructed, for the convenience of being carried during the wanderings of the Israelites in the wilderness. It was of a rectangular figure, thirty cubits long, ten broad, and ten high. The interior was divided into two rooms by a vail or curtain, and it was covered with four different spreads or carpets.

Cruden.

It is also applied to the temple. Psalm 15.

4. A place of worship; a sacred place.

Addison.

5. Our natural body. 2 Corinthians 5:2 Peter 1.

6. God's gracious presence, or the tokens of it. Revelation 21.

7. An ornamented chest placed on Roman catholic altars as a receptacle of the ciborium and pyxis.

Tabernacle

TAB'ERNACLE, verb intransitive To dwell; to reside for a time; to be housed; as we say, Christ tabernacled in the flesh.

Tabernacular

TABERNAC'ULAR, adjective Latticed.

Warton.

Tabid

TAB'ID, adjective [French tabide; Latin tabidus, from tabeo, to waste.] Wasted by disease; consumptive.

In tabid persons, milk is the best restorative.

Arbuthnot.

Tabidness

TAB'IDNESS, noun State of being wasted by disease; consumptiveness.

Tablature

TAB'LATURE, noun [from table.] Painting on walls and ceilings; a single piece comprehended in one view, and formed according to one design.

Johnson. Lord Shaftsbury.

2. In music, the expression of sounds or notes of composition by letters of the alphabet or ciphers, or other characters not used in modern music. In a stricter sense, the manner of writing a piece for the lute, theorbo, guitar, base viol, or the like; which is done by writing on several parallel lines, (each of which represents a string of the instrument,) certain letters of the alphabet, referring to the frets on the neck of the instrument, each letter directing how some note is to be sounded.

Cyc.

3. In anatomy, a division or parting of the skull into two tables.

Cyc.

Table

TA'BLE, noun [French from Latin tabula; Italian tavola; Spanish tabla; Welsh tavell, a flat mass, a tablet, a slice, a spread; tÃƒ-¢b, tÃƒ-¢v, a spread, an extended surface; tavlu, to throw, to project; tavu, to spread or overspread; Saxon toefl, a die, a table-man; Dutch tafel, a board, a table, whence in ships, tafferel; German Swedish tafel, a board or table; Russian id.; French tableau, a picture.]

1. A flat surface of some extent, or a thing that has a flat surface; as a table of marble.

2. An article of furniture, consisting usually of a frame with a surface of boards or of marble, supported by legs, and used for a great variety of purposes, as for holding dishes of meat, for writing on, &c.

The nymph the table spread.

Pope.

3. Fare or entertainment of provisions; as, he keeps a good table.

4. The persons sitting at table or partaking of entertainment.

I drink to th' general joy of the whole table.

Shak.

5. A tablet; a surface on which any thing is written or engraved. The ten commandments were written on two tables of stone. Exodus 32.

WrittenÃ‚--not on tables of stone, but on fleshly tables of the heart. 2 Corinthians 3.

6. A picture, or something that exhibits a view of any thing on a flat surface.

Saint Anthony has a table that hangs up to him from a poor peasant.

Addison.

7. Among Christians, the table, or Lord's table, is the sacrament, or holy communion of the Lord's supper.

8. The altar of burnt-offering. Malachi 1.

9. In architecture, a smooth, simple member or ornament of various forms, most usually in that of a long square.

10. In perspective, a plain surface, supposed to be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon. It is called also perspective plane.

Cyc.

11. In anatomy, a division of the cranium or skull. The cranium is composed of two tables or lamins, with a cellular structure between them, called the meditallium or diplÃƒ-¶e.

Cyc. Wistar.

12. In the glass manufacture, a circular sheet of finished glass, usually about four feet in diameter, each weighing from ten to eleven pounds. Twelve of these are called a side or crate of glass.

13. In literature, an index; a collection of heads or principal matters contained in a book, with references to the pages where each may be found; as a table of contents.

Watts.

14. A synopsis; many particulars brought into one view.

B. Jonson.

15. The palm of the hand.

Mistress of a fairer table

Hath not history nor fable.

B. Jonson.

16. Draughts; small pieces of wood shifted on squares.

We are in the world like men playing at tables.

Taylor.

17. In mathematics, tables are systems of numbers calculated to be ready for expediting operations; as a table of logarithms; a multiplication table.

18. Astronomical tables, are computations of the motions, places and other phenomena of the planets, both primary and secondary.

Cyc.

19. In chimistry, a list or catalogue of substances or their properties; as a table of known acids; a table of acidifiable bases; a table of binary combinations; a table of specific gravities.

Lavoisier.

20. In general, any series of numbers formed on mathematical or other correct principles.

21. A division of the ten commandments; as the first and second tables. The first table comprehends our more immediate duties to God; the second table our more immediate duties to each other.

22. Among jewelers, a table diamond or other precious stone, is one whose upper surface is quite flat, and the sides only cut in angles.

Cyc.

23. A list or catalogue; as a table of stars.

Raised table, in sculpture, an embossment in a frontispiece for an inscription or other ornament, supposed to be the abacus of Vitruvius.

Cyc.

Round table. Knights of the round table, are a military order instituted by Arthur, the first king of the Britons, A. Dutch 516.

Twelve tables, the laws of the Romans, so called probably, because engraved on so many tables.

To turn the tables, to change the condition or fortune of contending parties; a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of fortune in gaming.

Dryden.

To serve tables, to provide for the poor; or to distribute provisions for their wants. Acts 6.

Table

TA'BLE, verb intransitive To board; to diet or live at the table of another. Nebuchadnezzar tabled with the beasts.

South.

Table

TA'BLE, verb transitive To form into a table or catalogue; as, to table fines. In England, the chirographer tables the fines of every county, and fixes a copy in some open place of the court.

Cyc.

2. To board; to supply with food.

3. To let one piece of timber into another by alternate scores or projections from the middle.

Cyc.

Table-Bed

TA'BLE-BED, noun [table and bed.] A bed in the form of a table.

Table-Beer

TA'BLE-BEER, noun [table and beer.] Beer for the table, or for common use; small beer.

Table-Book

TA'BLE-BOOK, noun [table and book.] A book on which any thing is engraved or written without ink.

Put into your table-book whatever you judge worthy.

Dryden.

Table-Cloth

TA'BLE-CLOTH, noun [table and cloth.] A cloth for covering a table, particularly for spreading on a table before the dishes are set for meals.

Tabled

TA'BLED, participle passive Formed into a table.

Table-Land

TA'BLE-LAND, noun [table and land.] Elevated flat land.

Table-Man

TA'BLE-MAN, noun [table and man.] A man at draughts; a piece of wood.

Bacon.

Tabler

TA'BLER, noun One who boards.

Ainsworth.

Tables

TA'BLES, n. plu. A board used for backgammon.

Tablet

TAB'LET, noun A small table or flat surface.

2. Something flat on which to write, paint, draw or engrave.

Through all Greece the young gentlemen learned to design on tablets of boxen wood.

Dryden.

The pillar'd marble, and the tablet brass.

Prior.

3. A medicine in a square form. Tablets of arsenic were formerly worn as a preservative against the plague.

Bacon.

A solid kind of electuary or confection, made of dry ingredients, usually with sugar, and formed into little flat squares; called also lozenge and troche.

Cyc.

Table-Talk

TA'BLE-TALK, noun [table and talk.] Conversation at table or at meals.

He improves by the table-talk.

Guardian.

Tabling

TA'BLING, participle of the present tense Boarding; forming into a table; letting one timber into another by scores.

Tabling

TA'BLING, noun A forming into tables; a setting down in order.

2. The letting of one timber into another by alternate scores or projections, as in ship-building.

Cyc.

3. In sail-making, a broad hem made on the skirts of sails by turning over the edge of the canvas, and sewing it down.

Cyc.

Taboo

TABOO', noun In the isles of the Pacific, a word denoting prohibition or religious interdict, which is of great force among the inhabitants.

Taboo

TABOO', verb transitive To forbid, or to forbid the use of; to interdict approach or use; as, to taboo the ground set apart as a sanctuary for criminals. Tabooed ground is held sacred and inviolable.

Tabor

TA'BOR, noun [Welsh tabwrz; Irish tabar; Old French tabour. This in some languages, is written tambour, and timbrel. The atabal of the Spaniards is probably of the same family. It is probably named from striking, beating; tap, Greek, Syriac Arabic. Class Db. No. 28.]

A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife.

Cyc.

Tabor

TA'BOR, verb intransitive To strike lightly and frequently.

Her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, taboring upon their breasts. Nahum 2.

2. To play on a tabor or little drum.

Taborer

TA'BORER, noun One who beats the tabor.

Shak.

Taboret

TAB'ORET, noun [from tabor.] A small tabor.

Spectator.

Taborin

TAB'ORIN, or TABORINE, noun [French tabourin; from tabor.] A tabor; a small drum.

Shak.

Tabrere

TAB'RERE, noun A taborer. Obs.

Spenser.

Tabret

TAB'RET, noun [See Tabor.] A tabor. 1 Samuel 18.

Tabular

TAB'ULAR, adjective [Latin tabularis, from tabula, table.]

1. In the form of a table; having a flat or square surface.

2. Having the form of lamina or plates.

3. Set down in tables; as a tabular list of substances.

4. Set in squares.

Johnson.

Tabular crystal, one in which the prism is very short.

Phillips.

Tabular spar, in mineralogy, a species of limestone, generally of a grayish white color. It occurs either massive or crystalized, in rectangular four sided tables.

HaÃƒ-¼y.

Tabular spar is the schaalstein of Werner, and the prismatic augite of Jameson.

Tabulate

TAB'ULATE, verb transitive To reduce to tables or synopses.

2. To shape with a flat surface.

Johnson.

Tabulated

TAB'ULATED, participle passive Having a flat or square flat surface; as a tabulated diamond.

Grew.

Tacamahaca

TACAMAHAC'A, or TACAMAHAC', noun A tree of a sweet fragrance, planted in gardens as an ornament. It is of the genus Populus, [P. balsamifera.]

2. A resin brought from America in large oblong masses wrapped in flag leaves, of a light brown color, and an aromatic smell between that of lavender and musk. It is obtained from the Fagara octandra, and it is said also, from the Populus balsamifera.

Thomson.

Tace

TA'CE, from Latin taceo, a term used in Italian music, directing to be silent.

Tacet

TA'CET, in music, is used when a vocal or instrumental part is to be silent during a whole movement.

Cyc.

Tach

TACH, or TACHE, noun [See Tack.] Something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a loop; a button. It is found in Scripture, but I believe is not now used in discourse or writing. Exodus 26.

Tachygraphy

TACHYG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, quick, and, to write.]

The art or practice of quick writing. [We now use stenography, and short hand writing.]

Tacit

TAC'IT, adjective [French tacite; Latin tacitus, from taceo, to be silent, that is, to stop, or to close. See Tack.]

Silent; implied, but not expressed. Tacit consent is consent by silence, or not interposing an objection. So we say, a tacit agreement or covenant of men to live under a particular government, when no objection or opposition is made; a tacit surrender of a part of our natural rights; a tacit reproach, &c.

Tacitly

TAC'ITLY, adverb Silently; by implication; without words; as, he tacitly assented.

Taciturn

TAC'ITURN, adjective [Latin taciturnus.] Habitually silent; not free to converse; not apt to talk or speak.

Smollett.

Taciturnity

TACITURN'ITY, noun [French taciturnitÃƒ-©, from Latin taciturnitas, from taceo, to be silent.] Habitual silence or reserve in speaking.

Too great loquacity, and too great taciturnity by fits.

Arbuthnot.

Tack

TACK, verb transitive [Greek, to set, place, ordain, the root of which was, as appears from its derivatives,. Hence French attacher, Italian attaccare, Spanish atacar, Welsh tagu, to stop, Spanish taco, a stopper. See Attach. The primary sense is probably to thrust or send.]

1. To fasten; to attach. In the solemn or grave style, this word now appears ludicrous; as, to get a commendam tacked to their sees.

Swift.

Ã‚--And tack the center to the sphere.

Herbert.

2. To unite by stitching together; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to tack one piece of cloth to another. [In the familiar style, this word is in good use.]

3. To fasten slightly by nails; as, to tack on a board or shingle.

Tack

TACK, or TACHE, noun [French tache.] A spot. [Not used.]

Tack

TACK, noun [Irish taca; Armoric tach.] A small nail.

2. A rope used to confine the foremost lower corners of the courses and stay-sails, when the wind crosses the ship's course obliquely; also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom. Hence,

3. The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the foremost lower corner of the courses. Hence,

4. The course of a ship in regard to the position of her sails; as the starboard tack, or larboard tack; the former when she is close-hauled with the wind on her star-board, the latter when close hauled with the wind on her larboard.

Mar. Dict.

To hold tack, to last or hold out.

Tusser.

Tack of a flag, a line spliced into the eye at the bottom of the tabling, for securing the flag to the halliards.

Tack

TACK, verb intransitive To change the course of a ship by shifting the tacks and position of the sails from one side to the other.

Mar. Dict.

Tack

TACK, noun In rural economy, a shelf on which cheese is dried. [Local.]

Tack of land, the term of a lease. [Local.]

Tacker

TACK'ER, noun One who tacks or makes an addition.

Tacket

TACK'ET, noun A small nail.

Barret.

Tacking

TACK'ING, participle of the present tense Changing a ship's course.

Tackle

TACK'LE, noun [Dutch takel, a pulley and tackle; takelen, to rig; German takel, takeln; Swedish tackel, tackla; Danish takkel, takler; Welsh taclu, to put in order, to dress, deck, set right; taclau, tackling, accouterments; tacyl, a tool. This seems to belong to the family of tack, Greek. The primary sense is to put on, or to set or to put in order.]

1. A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and blocks, called a pulley.

Mar. Dict.

2. Instruments of action; weapons.

She to her tackle fell.

Hudibras.

3. An arrow.

Chaucer.

4. The rigging and apparatus of a ship.

Tackle-fall, the rope, or rather the end of the rope of a pulley, which falls and by which it is pulled.

Ground-tackle, anchors, cables, &c.

Gun-tackle, the instruments for hauling cannon in or out.

Tack-tackle, a small tackle to pull down the tacks of the principal sails.

Mar. Dict.

Tackle

TACK'LE, verb transitive To harness; as, to tackle a horse into a gig, sleigh, coach or wagon. [A legitimate and common use of the word in America.]

2. To seize; to lay hold of; as, a wrestler tackles his antagonist; a dog tackles the game. This is a common popular use of the word in New England, though not elegant. But it retains the primitive idea, to put on, to fall or throw on. [See Attack.]

3. To supply with tackle.

Beaum.

Tackled

TACK'LED, participle passive Harnessed; seized.

2. Made of ropes tacked together.

My man shall

Bring thee cords, made like a tackled stair.

Shak.

Tackling

TACK'LING, participle of the present tense Harnessing; putting on harness; seizing; falling on.

Tackling

TACK'LING, noun Furniture of the masts and yards of a ship, as cordage, sails, &c.

2. Instruments of action; as fishing tackling.

Walton.

3. Harness; the instruments of drawing a carriage.

Tacksman

TACKS'MAN, noun One who holds a tack or lease of land from another; a tenant or lessee. [Local.]

Tact

TACT, noun [Latin tactus, from tango, [for tago,] to touch; French tact; Italian tatto; Spanish tacto.]

1. Touch; feeling: formerly, the stroke in beating time in music. [Danish tagt.]

2. Peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception or discernment.

Am. Review.

Tactic

TAC'TIC, or TAC'TICAL, adjective [See Tactics.] Pertaining to the art of military and naval dispositions for battle, evolutions, &c.

Tactician

TACTI'CIAN, noun [See Tactics.] One versed in tactics.

Tactics

TAC'TICS, noun [Greek. from, to set, to appoint; order; French tactique. See Tack.]

1. The science and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for battle and performing military and naval evolutions. In the most extensive sense, tactics, lagrande tactique of the French, comprehends every thing that relates to the order, formation and disposition of armies, their encampments, &c.

2. The art of inventing and making machines for throwing darts, arrows, stones and other missile weapons.

Cyc.

Tactile

TAC'TILE, or TAC'TIL, adjective [French tactile, from Latin tactilis, from tango, to touch.] Tangible; susceptible of touch; that may be felt; as tactile sweets; tactile qualities.

Hale.

Tactility

TACTIL'ITY, noun Tangibleness; perceptibility of touch.

Taction

TAC'TION, noun [French from Latin tactio, tango, to touch.] The act of touching; touch.

Tadorna

TADOR'NA, noun [Spanish tadorno.] A name of the shel-drake, vulpanser, or borough-duck.

Cyc.

Tadpole

TAD'POLE, noun [Saxon tade, toad, with pola, coinciding with Latin pullus, young.]

A frog in its first state from the spawn; a porwiggle.

Tafelspath

TAF'ELSPATH, noun A lamellar mineral of a yellowish grey or rose white, forming masses of prisms interlaced in the gang, chiefly lime and silex.

Cyc.

Tafferel

TAF'FEREL, noun [Dutch taffereel, from tafel, table.]

The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work.

Mar. Dict. Cyc.

Taffeta

TAF'FETA, noun [French tafetas, taffetas; Spanish tafetan; Italian taffetta; Dutch taf; German taffet.]

A fine smooth stuff of silk, having usually a remarkable gloss. Taffetas are of all colors.

Cyc.

Tag

TAG, noun [Swedish tagg, a point or prickle; Icelandic tag; Danish tagger, takker. The primary sense is probably a shoot, coinciding with the first syllable of Latin digitus, [See Toe;] or the sense is from putting on, as in tackle. In Gothic taga is hair, the hair of the head, that which is shot out, or that which is thick. The latter sense would show its alliance to the Welsh tagu, to choke.]

1. A metallic point put to the end of a string.

2. Something mean and paltry; as tag-rag people. [Vulgar.]

Shak.

3. A young sheep. [Local.]

Tag

TAG, verb transitive To fit with a point; as, to tag lace.

2. To fit one thing to another; to append to.

His courteous host

Tags every sentence with some fawning word.

Dryden.

3. To join or fasten.

Swift.

Tag

TAG, noun A play in which the person gains who tags, that is, touches another. This was a common sport among boys in Connecticut formerly, and it may be still. The word is inserted here for the sake of the evidence it affords of the affinity of languages, and of the original orthography of the Latin tango, to touch, which was tago. This vulgar tag is the same word; the primitive word retained by the common people. It is used also as a verb, to tag. [See Touch.]

Tag-Sore

TAG-SORE, noun A disease in sheep.

Cyc.

Tag-Tail

TAG-TAIL, noun [tag and tail.] A worm which has its tail of another color.

Walton.

Tail

TAIL, noun [Saxon toegl; Icelandic tagl; dim. of tag, a shoot, or from Gothic taga, hair.]

1. The part of an animal which terminates its body behind. In many quadrupeds, the tail is a shoot or projection covered with hair. In fowls, the tail consists of fethers, or is covered with them, which serve to assist in the direction of their flight. In fishes the tail is formed usually by a gradual sloping of the body, ending in a fin. The tail of a fish may assist the animal in steering, but its principal use is to propel the fish forward. It is the instrument of swimming.

2. The lower part, noting inferiority.

The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail. Deuteronomy 28.

3. Any thing hanging long; a catkin.

Harvey.

4. The hinder part of any thing.

Butler.

5. In anatomy, that tendon of a muscle which is fixed to the movable part.

Cyc.

6. In botany, the tail of a seed, is a downy or fethery appendage to certain seeds, formed of the permanent elongated style.

Cyc.

7. Horse's tail, among the Tartars and Chinese, is an ensign or flag; among the Turks, a standard borne before the grand visier, bashaws and the sangiacs. For this purpose, it is fitted to a half-pike with a gold button, and is called toug. There are bashaws of one, two and three tails.

Cyc.

8. In heraldry, the tail of a hart.

9. In music, the part of a note running upwards or downwards.

10. The extremity or last end; as the tail of a storm.

Tail of a comet, a luminous train which extends from the nucleus in a direction opposite to the sun.

To turn tail, is to run away; to flee.

Tail of a lock, on a canal, the lower end, or entrance into the lower pond.

Tail-piece, of a violin, is a piece of ebony attached to the end of the instrument, to which the strings are fastened.

Cyc.

Tail

TAIL, noun [French tailler, Spanish tallar, Italian tagliare, Portugese talhar, Irish tallam, to cut off; Welsh toli, to curtail, to separate, to deal out, from tawl, a sending or throwing, a cast or throw, a separation, diminution, interruption. This is from the same root as deal. Class Dl. No. 15. See Deal.]

In law, an estate in tail is a limited fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded. Estates tail are general or special; general, where lands and tenements are given to one, and to the heirs of his body begotten; special, where the gift is restrained to certain heirs of the donee's body, as to his heirs by a particular woman named. [See Entail.]

Blackstone.

Tail

TAIL, verb transitive To pull by the tail.

Hudibras.

Tailage

TA'ILAGE, or TAL'LIAGE, noun [French tailler, to cut off.] Literally, a share; hence, a tax or toll. Obs.

Blackstone.

Tailed

TA'ILED adjective Having a tail.

Grew.

Tailings

TA'ILINGS, n. plu. [from tail.] The lighter parts of grain blown to one end of the heap in winnowing. [Local.]

Cyc.

Tailor

TA'ILOR, noun [French tailleur, from tailler, to cut, Italian tagliare, Irish tallam.]

One whose occupation is to cut out and make men's garments.

Tailor

TA'ILOR, verb intransitive To practice making men's clothes.

Green.

Tailoress

TA'ILORESS, noun A female who makes garments for men.

Tailoring

TA'ILORING, noun The business of a tailor.

Taint

TAINT, verb transitive [French teindre, to dye or stain; Latin tingo; Greek, to dye, literally to dip, primarily to thrust, the sense of Latin tango; and n not being radical, the real word is tego or tago, coinciding with duck; hence its sense in extinguo. See Dye, Attaint and Tinge.]

1. To imbue or impregnate, as with some extraneous matter which alters the sensible qualities of the substance.

The spaniel struck

Stiff by the tainted galeÃ‚--

Thomson.

2. More generally, to impregnate with something odious, noxious or poisonous; as, putrid substances taint the air.

3. To infect; to poison. The breath of consumptive lungs is said to taint sound lungs.

Harvey.

4. To corrupt, as by incipient putrefaction; as tainted meat.

5. To stain; to sully; to tarnish.

We come not by the way of accusation

To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.

Shak.

6. To corrupt, as blood; to attaint. [Not in use.] [See Attaint.]

Taint

TAINT, verb intransitive To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something corrupting.

I cannot taint with fear.

Shak.

2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction.

Meat soon taints in warm weather.

Taint

TAINT, noun Tincture; stain.

2. Infection; corruption; depravation. Keep children from the taint of low and vicious company.

3. A stain; a spot; a blemish on reputation.

Shak.

4. An insect; a kind of spider.

Brown.

Tainted

TA'INTED, participle passive Impregnated with something noxious, disagreeable to the senses or poisonous; infected; corrupted; stained.

Taintfree

TA'INTFREE, adjective [taint and free.] Free from taint or guilt.

Heath.

Tainting

TA'INTING, participle of the present tense Impregnating with something foul or poisonous; infecting; corrupting; staining.

Taintless

TA'INTLESS, adjective Free from taint or infection; pure.

Swift.

Tainture

TA'INTURE, noun [Latin tinctura.] Taint; tinge; defilement; stain; spot. [Not much used.]

Shak.

Tajacu

TAJACU, or TAJASSU, noun The peccary or Mexican hog.

Take

TAKE, verb transitive pret. took; pp. taken. [Saxon toecan, to take, and to teach; also thicgan, to take, as food; Swedish taga; Danish tager; Icelandic taka; Greek; Latin doceo. This word seems to be allied to think, for we say, I think a thing to be so, or I take it to be so. It seems also to be allied to Saxon teogan, to draw, to tug, Latin duco; for we say, to take a likeness, and to draw a likeness. We use taking also for engaging, attracting. We say, a child takes to his mother or nurse, and a man takes to drink; which seem to include attaching and holding. We observe that take and teach are radically the same word.]

1. In a general sense, to get hold or gain possession of a thing in almost any manner, either by receiving it when offered, or by using exertion to obtain it. Take differs from seize, as it does not always imply haste, force or violence. It more generally denotes to gain or receive into possession in a peaceable manner, either passively or by active exertions. Thus,

2. To receive what is offered.

Then I took the cup at the Lord's hand. Jeremiah 25.

3. To lay hold of; to get into one's power for keeping.

No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge. Deuteronomy 24.

4. To receive with a certain affection of mind. He takes it in good part; or he takes it very ill.

5. To catch by surprise or artifice; to circumvent.

Men in their loose unguarded hours they take,

Not that themselves are wise, but others weak.

Pope.

6. To seize; to make prisoner. The troops entered, slew and took three hundred janizaries.

Knolles.

This man was taken of the Jews. Acts 23.

7. To captivate with pleasure; to engage the affections; to delight.

Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Proverbs 6.

Cleombrotus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no patience.

Wake.

8. To get into one's power by engines or nets; to entrap; to ensnare; as, to take foxes with traps; to take fishes with nets, or with hook and line.

9. To understand in a particular sense; to receive as meaning. I take your meaning.

You take me right.

Bacon.

Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the sincere love to God and our neighbor.

Wake.

10. To exact and receive.

Take no usury of him or increase. Leviticus 25.

11. To employ; to occupy. The prudent man always takes time for deliberation, before he passes judgment.

12. To agree to; to close in with; to comply with.

I take thee at thy word.

Rowe.

13. To form and adopt; as, to take a resolution.

Clarendon.

14. To catch; to embrace; to seize; as, to take one by the hand; to take in the arms.

15. To admit; to receive as an impression; to suffer; as, to take a form or shape.

Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command;

Now take the moldÃ‚--

Dryden.

16. To obtain by active exertion; as, to take revenge or satisfaction for an injury.

17. To receive; to receive into the mind.

They took knowledge of them that they had been with Jesus. Acts 4.

It appeared in his face that he took great contentment in this our question.

Bacon.

18. To swallow, as meat or drink; as, to take food; to take a glass of wine.

19. To swallow, as medicine; as, to take pills; to take stimulants.

20. To choose; to elect. Take which you please. But the sense of choosing, in this phrase, is derived from the connection of take with please. So we say, take your choice.

21. To copy.

Beauty alone could beauty take so right.

Dryden.

22. To fasten on; to seize. The frost has taken the corn; the worms have taken the vines.

Wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him, and he foamethÃ‚-- Mark 9.

23. To accept; not to refuse. He offered me a fee, but I would not take it.

Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Numbers 35.

24. To adopt.

I will take you to me for a people. Exodus 6.

25. To admit.

Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Timothy 5.

26. To receive, as any temper or disposition of mind; as, to take shame to one's self; to take delight; to take pride or pleasure.

27. To endure; to bear without resentment; or to submit to without attempting to obtain satisfaction. He will take an affront from no man. Cannot you take a jest?

28. To draw; to deduce.

The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery.

Tillotson.

29. To assume; as, I take the liberty to say.

Locke.

30. To allow; to admit; to receive as true, or not disputed; as, to take a thing for granted.

31. To suppose; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand. This I take to be the man's motive.

He took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in disguise.

South.

You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl.

Tate.

32. To seize; to invade; as, to be taken with a fever.

33. To have recourse to; as, the sparrow takes a bush; the cat takes a tree. [In this sense, we usually say, the bird takes to a bush, the squirrel takes to a tree.]

34. To receive into the mind.

Those do best, who take material hints to be judged by history.

Locke.

35. To hire; to rent; to obtain possession on lease; as, to take a house or farm for a year.

36. To admit in copulation.

37. To draw; to copy; to paint a likeness; as a likeness taken by Reynolds.

38. To conquer and cause to surrender; to gain possession of by force or capitulation; as, to take an army, a city or a ship.

39. To be discovered or detected. He was taken in the very act.

40. To require or be necessary. It takes so much cloth to make a coat.

To take away, to deprive of; to bereave; as a bill for taking away the votes of bishops.

By your own law I take your life away.

Dryden.

2. To remove; as, to take away the consciousness of pleasure.

Locke.

To take care, to be careful; to be solicitous for.

Doth God take care for oxen? 1 Corinthians 9.

2. To be cautious or vigilant. Take care not to expose your health.

To take care of, to superintend or oversee; to have the charge of keeping or securing.

To take a course, to resort to; to have recourse to measures.

The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying of sinners.

Hammond.

To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice.

To take down, to reduce; to bring lower; to depress; as, to take down pride, or the proud.

2. To swallow; as, to take down a potion.

3. To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold.

4. To write; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them.

To take from, to deprive of.

I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee. 1 Samuel 17.

2. To deduct; to subtract; as, to take one number from another.

3. To detract; to derogate.

Dryden.

To take heed, to be careful or cautious.

Take heed what doom against yourself you give.

Dryden.

To take heed to, to attend to with care. Take heed to thy ways.

To take hold, to seize; to fix on.

To take in, to inclose; to fence.

Mortimer.

2. To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend.

3. To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail.

4. To cheat; to circumvent; to gull. [Not elegant.]

5. To admit; to receive; as, a vessel will take in more water. The landlord said he could take in no more lodgers.

6. To win by conquest. [Not in use.]

Felton.

7. To receive into the mind or understanding.

Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions.

Watts.

To take in hand, to undertake; to attempt to execute any thing. Luke 1.

To take notice, to observe; or to observe with particular attention.

2. To show by some act that observation is made; to make remark upon. He heard what was said, but took no notice of it.

To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner.

To take off, to remove, in various ways; to remove from the top of any thing; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat, &c.

2. To cut off; as, to take off the head or a limb.

3. To destroy; as, to take off life.

4. To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument.

5. To withdraw; to call or draw away.

Keep foreign ideas from taking off the mind from its present pursuit.

Locke.

6. To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine.

7. To purchase; to take from in trade.

The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take offÃ‚--

Locke.

8. To copy.

Take off all their models in wood.

Addison.

9. To imitate; to mimic.

10. To find place for; as more scholars than preferments can take off.

To take off from, to lessen; to remove in part. This takes off from the deformity of vice.

To take order with, to check. [Not much used.]

Bacon.

To take out, to remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct.

2. To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth; to take out an unpleasant taste from wine.

To take part, to share. Take part in our rejoicing.

To take part with, to unite with; to join with.

To take place, to happen; to come, or come to pass.

2. To have effect; to prevail.

Where arms take place, all other pleas are vain.

Dryden.

To take effect, to have the intended effect; to be efficacious.

To take root, to live and grow; as a plant.

2. To be established; as principles.

To take up, to lift; to raise.

2. To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank.

3. To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezekiel 19.

4. In surgery, to fasten with a ligature.

5. To engross; to employ; to engage the attention; as, to take up the time.

6. To have final recourse to.

Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts took up their rest in the christian religion.

Addison.

7. To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds.

8. To admit.

The ancients took up experiments upon credit.

Bacon.

9. To answer by reproof; to reprimand.

One of his relations took him up roundly.

L'Estrange.

10. To begin where another left off.

Soon as the evening shades prevail,

The moon takes up the wondrous tale.

Addison.

11. To occupy; to fill; as, to take up a great deal of room.

12. To assume; to carry on or manage for another; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors.

13. To comprise; to include.

The noble poem of Palemon and ArciteÃ‚--takes up seven years.

Dryden.

14. To adopt; to assume; as, to take up current opinions.

They take up our old trade of conquering.

Dryden.

15. To collect; to exact a tax.

Knolles.

16. To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank.

Johnson's Reports.

To take up arms, or To take arms, to begin war; to begin resistance by force.

To take upon, to assume; to undertake. He takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof.

2. To appropriate to; to admit to be imputed to; as, to take upon one's self a punishment.

To take side, to join one of two differing parties; to take an interest in one party.

To take to heart, to be sensibly affected by; to feel any thing sensibly.

To take advantage of, to catch by surprise; or to make use of a favorable state of things to the prejudice of another.

To take the advantage of, to use any advantage offered.

To take air, to be divulged or made public; to be disclosed; as a secret.

To take the air, to expose one's self to the open air.

To take a course, to begin a certain direction or way of proceeding.

To take leave, to bid adieu or farewell.

To take breath, to rest; to be recruited or refreshed.

To take aim, to direct the eye or a weapon to a particular object.

To take along, to carry, lead or convey.

To take a way, to begin a particular course or direction.

Take

TAKE, verb intransitive To move or direct the course; to resort to, or to attach one's self; to betake one's self. The fox being hard pressed

took to the hedge. My friend has left his music and taken to books.

The defluxion taking to his breast, wasted his lungs.

Bacon.

2. To please; to gain reception. The play will not take, unless it is set off with proper scenes.

Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake,

And hint he writ it, if the thing should take.

Addison.

3. To have the intended or natural effect.

In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh.

Bacon.

4. To catch; to fix, or be fixed. He was inoculated, but the infection did not take.

When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise.

Bacon.

To take after, to learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern.

2. To resemble; as, the son takes after his father.

To take in with, to resort to.

Bacon.

To take for, to mistake; to suppose or think one thing to be another.

The lord of the land took us for spies. Genesis 42.

To take on, to be violently affected; as, the child takes on at a great rate.

2. To claim, as a character.

I take not on me here as a physician.

Shak.

To take to, to apply to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to books; to take to evil practices.

2. To resort to; to betake to.

Men of learning who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world.

Addison.

To take up, to stop.

Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of all religion. [Not in use.]

Tillotson.

2. To reform. [Not in use.]

Locke.

To take up with, to be contented to receive; to receive without opposition; as, to take up with plain fare.

In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities.

Watts.

2. To lodge; to dwell. [Not in use.]

South.

To take with, to please. The proposal takes well with him.

Taken

TAKEN, ta'kn. pp. of take. Received; caught; apprehended; captivated, &c.

Taker

TA'KER, noun One that takes or receives; one who catches or apprehends.

2. One that subdues and causes to surrender; as the taker of captives or of a city.

Taking

TA'KING, participle of the present tense Receiving; catching; getting possession; apprehending.

2. adjective Alluring; attracting.

Taking

TA'KING, noun The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension.

2. Agitation; distress of mind.

What a taking was he in, when your husband asked what was in the basket?

Shak.

Takingness

TA'KINGNESS, noun The quality of pleasing.

Taylor.

Talapoin

TALAPOIN', noun In Siam, a priest, or one devoted to religion; also, a species of monkey.

Talbot

TAL'BOT, noun A sort of dog, noted for his quick scent and eager pursuit of game. [The figure of a dog is said to be borne in the arms of the Talbot family.]

Cyc. Johnson.

Talck

TALCK, or TALC, noun [German talk, isinglass; talg, tallow; Swedish talk, talg, id.; Danish toelg, talg, tallow, and talk, talgsteen, tallow-stone; Dutch talk, tallow; Portugese Spanish talco. This word, if written talck, would admit of a regular adjective, talcky.]

A species of magnesian earth, consisting of broad flat smooth lamins or plates, unctuous to the touch, of a shining luster, translucent, and often transparent. By the action of fire, the lamins open a little, the fragment swells, and the extremities are with difficulty fused into a white enamel. When rubbed with resin, talck acquires positive electricity. Its prevailing colors are white, apple-green and yellow.

Cyc. Kirwan.

Of this mineral, Jameson's sixth subspecies of rhomboidal mica, there are two kinds, common and indurated.

Ure.

Talckite

TALCK'ITE, noun A species of talck of a loose form.

Talckous

TALCK'OUS, adjective Talcky. [But talcous or talckous is ill formed.]

Talcky

TALCK'Y, adjective Like talck; consisting of talck; as a talcky feel; a talcky substance.

2. Containing talck.

Tale

TALE, noun [See Tell.] A story; a narrative; the rehearsal of a series of events or adventures, commonly some trifling incidents; or a fictitious narrative; as the tale of a tub; Marmontel's tales; idle tales. Luke 24.

We spend our years as a tale that is told. Psalm 90.

2. Oral relation.

Shak.

3. Reckoning; account set down. Exodus 5.

In packing, they keep a just tale of the number.

Carew.

4. Number reckoned.

Ã‚--The ignorant who measure by tale, not by weight.

Hooker.

5. A telling; information; disclosure of any thing secret.

BirdsÃ‚--are aptest by their voice to tell tales what they find.

Bacon.

In thee are men that carry tales to shed blood. Ezekiel 22.

6. In law, a count or declaration. [Tale, in this sense, is obsolete.]

7. In commerce, a weight for gold and silver in China and other parts of the E. Indies; also, a money of account. In China, each tale is 10 maces=100 candareens=1000 cash.

Cyc.

Tale

TALE, verb intransitive To tell stories. Obs.

Gower.

Talebearer

TA'LEBEARER, noun [tale and bear.] A person who officiously tells tales; one who impertinently communicates intelligence or anecdotes, and makes mischief in society by his officiousness.

Where there is no talebearer, the strife ceaseth. Proverbs 26.

Talebearing

TA'LEBEARING, adjective Officiously communicating information.

Talebearing

TA'LEBEARING, noun The act of informing officiously; communication of secrets maliciously.

Taleful

TA'LEFUL, adjective Abounding with stories.

Thomson.

Talent

TAL'ENT, noun [Latin talentum; Greek, from, to bear, allied to Latin tollo. The word is said to have originally signified a balance or scales.]

1. Among the ancients, a weight, and a coin. The true value of the talent cannot well be ascertained, but it is known that it was different among different nations. The Attic talent, the weight, contained 60 Attic minae, or 6000 Attic drachmae, equal to 56 pounds, eleven ounces, English troy weight. The mina being reckoned equal to ?3 4s. 7d. sterling, or fourteen dollars and a third nearly, the talent was of the value of ?193 15s. sterling, about $861 dollars. Other computations make it ?225 sterling.

The Romans had the great talent and the little talent; the great talent is computed to be equal to ?99 6s. 8d. sterling, and the little talent to ?75 sterling.

2. Talent, among the Hebrews, was also a gold coin, the same with a shekel of gold; called also stater, and weighing only four drachmas.

But the Hebrew talent of silver, called cicar, was equivalent to three thousand shekels, or one hundred and thirteen pounds, ten ounces and a fraction, troy weight.

Arbuthnot.

3. Faculty; natural gift or endowment; a metaphorical application of the word, said to be borrowed from the Scriptural parable of the talents. Matthew 25.

He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes.

Dryden.

'Tis not my talent to conceal my thoughts.

Addison.

4. Eminent abilities; superior genius; as, he is a man of talents.

[Talent, in the singular, is sometimes used in a like sense.]

5. Particular faculty; skill. He has a talent at drawing.

6. [Spanish talante, manner of performing any thing, will, disposition.] Quality; disposition.

Swift.

Talented

TAL'ENTED, adjective Furnished with talents; possessing skill or talents.

Chaldee Spectator.

Tales

TA'LES, noun [Latin talis, plu. tales.] In law, tales de circumstantibus, spectators in court, from whom the sherif is to select men to supply any defect of jurors who are impanneled, but who may not appear, or may be challenged.

Taleteller

TA'LETELLER, noun One who tells tales or stories.

Guardian.

Talionis, lex talionis, [Latin] in law, the law of retaliation. [See Retaliate.]

Talisman

TAL'ISMAN, noun [said to be Arabic or Persian.]

1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful effects are ascribed; or it is the seal, figure, character or image of a heavenly sign, constellation or planet, engraven on a sympathetic stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive its influence. The talismans of the Samothracians were pieces of iron, formed into images and set in rings, &c. They were held to be preservatives against all kinds of evils.

Cyc.

Talismans are of three kinds, astronomical, magical and mixed. Hence,

2. Something that produces extraordinary effects; as a talisman to destroy diseases.

Swift.

Talismanic

TALISMAN'IC, adjective Magical; having the properties of a talisman or preservative against evils by secret influence.

Addison.

Talk

TALK, v. i. tauk. [Danish tolker, Swedish tolka, to interpret, translate, explain; Dutch tolken, id.; Russian tolkuyu, id. This is probably the same word differently applied. The word is formed from tell. See Tell, for the Danish and Swedish.]

1. To converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts.

I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you; but I will not eat with you.

Shak.

In AEsop's time

When all things talk'd, and talk'd in rhyme.

B. Trumbull.

I will come down and talk with thee. Numbers 11.

Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way? Luke 24.

2. To prate; to speak impertinently.

Milton.

3. To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give account. Authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra.

The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done.

Addison.

So shall I talk of thy wondrous works. Psalm 119.

4. To speak; to reason; to confer.

Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jeremiah 12.

To talk to, in familiar language, to advise or exhort; or to reprove gently. I will talk to my son respecting his conduct.

Talk

TALK, n. tauk. Familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered by one person in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more.

Should a man full of talk be justified? Job 11.

In various talk th' instructive hours they past.

Pope.

2. Report; rumor.

I hear a talk up and down of raising money.

Locke.

3. Subject of discourse. This noble achievment is the talk of the whole town.

4. Among the Indians of North America, a public conference, as respecting peace or war, negotiation and the like; or an official verbal communication made from them to another nation or its agents, or made to them by the same.

Talk

TALK, a mineral. [See Talck.]

Talkative

TALKATIVE, a. tauk'ativ. Given to much talking; full of prate; loquacious; garrulous. One of the faults of old age is to be talkative.

Talkativeness

TALKATIVENESS, n. tauk'ativness. Loquacity; garrulity; the practice or habit of speaking much in conversation.

Swift.

Talker

TALKER, n. tauk'er. One who talks; also, a loquacious person, male or female; a prattler.

Shak.

2. A boaster.

Taylor.

Talking

TALKING, ppr. tauk'ing. Conversing; speaking in familiar conversation. Matthew 17.

2. adjective Given to talking; loquacious; as talking age.

Goldsmith.

Talking

TALKING, n. tauk'ing. The act of conversing familiarly; as foolish talking. Ephesians 5.

Tall

TALL, adjective [Welsh tal; talÃƒ-¢u, to grow tall. The primary sense is to stretch or extend; Welsh tellu, to stretch; Spanish talla, raised work, also stature; talle, shape, size; tallo, a shoot or sprout; talludo, tall, slender; talon, the heel, that is, a shoot; Portugese talo, a stalk; taludo, stalky; Arabic taula, to be long, to spread, to be extended, to defer or delay, that is, to draw out in time, dally, Class Dl. No. 20.; allied probably to Latin tollo, Greek. In Swedish tall is a pine-tree.]

1. High in stature; long and comparatively slender; applied to a person, or to a standing tree, mast or pole. Tall always refers to something erect, and of which the diameter is small in proportion to the highth. We say, a tall man or woman, a tall boy for his age; a tall tree, a tall pole, a tall mast; but we never say, a tall house or a tall mountain. The application of the word to a palace or its shadow, in Waller, is now improper.

Dark shadows cast, and as his palace tall.

Waller.

2. Sturdy; lusty; bold. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Tallage

TAL'LAGE, or TAL'LIAGE, noun [French tailler, to cut of. See Tail.]

Anciently, a certain rate or tax paid by barons, knights and inferior tenants, towards the public expenses. When it was paid out of knight's fees, it was called scutage; when by cities and burghs, talliage; when upon lands not held by military tenure, hidage.

Blackstone.

Tallage

TAL'LAGE, verb transitive To lay an impost.

Bp. Ellis.

Tallness

TALL'NESS, noun Highth of stature. [See Tall.]

Tallow

TAL'LOW, noun [Danish toelg; Dutch talk; German Swedish talg; Ethiopic to be fat; Arabic talla, to be moist. Class Dl. No. 21.]

A sort of animal fat, particularly that which is obtained from animals of the sheep and ox kinds. We speak of the tallow of an ox or cow, or of sheep. This substance grows chiefly about the kidneys and on the intestines. The fat of swine we never call tallow, but lard or suet. I see in English books, mention is made of the tallow of hogs, [See Cyclopedia, article Tallow;] but in America I never heard the word thus applied. It may be applied to the fat of goats and deer. The fat of bears we call bear's grease. Tallow is applied to various uses, but chiefly to the manufacture of candles.

Tallow

TAL'LOW, verb transitive To grease or smear with tallow.

2. To fatten; to cause to have a large quantity of tallow; as, to tallow sheep.

Farmers.

Tallow-Candle

TAL'LOW-CANDLE, noun A candle made of tallow.

Tallow-Chandler

TAL'LOW-CH`ANDLER, noun [chandler is generally supposed to be from the French chandelier, and the word to signify tallow-candler, a maker of candles; for in French chandelier is a tallow-chandler. See Corn-chandler.]

One whose occupation is to make, or to make and sell tallow candles.

Tallowed

TAL'LOWED, participle passive Greased or smeared with tallow.

2. Made fat; filled with tallow.

Tallower

TAL'LOWER, noun An animal disposed to form tallow internally.

Cyc.

Tallow-Faced

TAL'LOW-FACED, adjective Having a sickly complexion; pale.

Burton.

Tallowing

TAL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Greasing with tallow.

2. Causing to gather tallow; a term in agriculture.

Tallowing

TAL'LOWING, noun The act, practice or art of causing animals to gather tallow; or the property in animals of forming tallow internally; a term in agriculture.

Cyc.

Tallowish

TAL'LOWISH, adjective Having the properties or nature of tallow.

Tallowy

TAL'LOWY, adjective Greasy; having the qualities of tallow.

Tally

TAL'LY, noun [French tailler, Portugese talhar, Spanish tallar, to cut. See Tail.]

1. A piece of wood on which notches or scores are cut, as the marks of number. In purchasing and selling, it is customary for traders to have two sticks, or one stick cleft into two parts, and to mark with a score or notch on each, the number or quantity of goods delivered; the seller keeping one stick, and the purchaser the other. Before the use of writing, this or something like it was the only method of keeping accounts, and tallies are received as evidence in courts of justice. In the English exchequer are tallies of loans, one part being kept in the exchequer, the other being given to the creditor in lieu of an obligation for money lent to government.

Cyc.

2. One thing made to suit another.

They were framed the tallies for each other.

Dryden.

Tally

TAL'LY, verb transitive To score with correspondent notches; to fit; to suit; to make to correspond.

They are not so well tallied to the present juncture.

Pope.

2. In seamanship, to pull aft the sheets or lower corners of the main and fore-sail.

Tally

TAL'LY, verb intransitive To be fitted; to suit; to correspond.

I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the channel.

Addison.

Tally

TALL'Y, adverb Stoutly; with spirit. Obs.

Beaum.

Tallying

TAL'LYING, participle of the present tense Fitting to each other; making to correspond.

2. Agreeing; corresponding.

3. Hauling aft the corners of the main and fore-sail.

Mar. Dict.

Tallyman

TAL'LYMAN, noun [tally and man.] One who sells for weekly payment.

Dict.

2. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks.

Talmud

TAL'MUD, noun [Chaldee from lamad, to teach.]

The body of the Hebrews laws, traditions and explanations; or the book that contains them. The Talmud contains the laws, and a compilation of expositions of duties imposed on the people, either in Scripture, by tradition, or by authority of their doctors, or by custom. It consists of two parts, the Mischna, and the Gemara; the former being the written law, the latter a collection of traditions and comments of Jewish doctors.

Encyc.

Talmudic

TAL'MUDIC, or TALMU'DICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Talmud; contained in the Talmud; as Talmudic fables.

Enfield.

Talmudist

TAL'MUDIST, noun One versed in the Talmud.

Talmudistic

TALMUDIST'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Talmud; resembling the Talmud.

Talon

TAL'ON, noun [French Spanish talon, the heel, that is, a shoot or protuberance. See Tall.]

1. The claw of a fowl.

Bacon.

2. In architecture, a kind of molding, concave at the bottom, and convex at the top. When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon. It is usually called by workmen an ogee, or O G, and by authors an upright or inverted cymatium.

Cyc.

Talus

TA'LUS, noun [Latin talus, the ankle.] In anatomy, the astragalus, or that bone of the foot which is articulated to the leg.

2. In architecture, a slope; the inclination of any work.

3. In fortification, the slope of a work, as a bastion, rampart or parapet.

Cyc.

Tamable

TA'MABLE, adjective [from tame.] That may be tamed; capable of being reclaimed from wildness or savage ferociousness; that may be subdued.

Tamableness

TA'MABLENESS, noun The quality of being tamable.

Tamarin

TAM'ARIN, noun A small monkey of South America, with large ears; the great eared monkey, (Simia midas.)

Cyc.

Tamarind

TAM'ARIND, noun [Spanish tamarindo; Portugese plu. tamarindos; Italian tamarino, tamarindi; French tamarin; said to be a compound of the palm tree, and indus or ind, the root of India.]

A tree, a native of the East Indies, and of Arabia and Egypt. It is cultivated in both the Indies for the sake of its shade and for its cooling, grateful acid fruit, the pulp of which, mixed with boiled sugar, is imported into northern countries. The stem of the tree is lofty, large, and crowned with wide spreading branches; the flowers are in simple clusters, terminating the short lateral branches.

Cyc.

Tamarinds

TAM'ARINDS, n. plu. The preserved seed-pods of the tamarind, which abound with an acid pulp.

Cyc.

Tamarisk

TAM'ARISK, noun A tree or shrub of the genus Tamarix, of several species.

Cyc.

Tambac

TAM'BAC, noun A mixture of gold and copper, which the people value more highly than gold itself.

Cyc.

Tambor

TAM'BOR, noun [Spanish Portugese tambor, a drum; Italian tamburo. The m is probably casual. See Tabor.]

1. A small drum, used by the Biscayans as an accompaniment to the flageolet.

Cyc.

2. In architecture, a term applied to the Corinthian and Composite capitals, which bear some resemblance to a drum. It is also called the vase, and campana, or the bell.

3. A little box of timber work covered with a ceiling, within the porches of certain churches.

4. A round course of stones, several of which form the shaft of a pillar, not so high as a diameter.

5. In the arts, a species of embroidery, wrought on a kind of cushion or spherical body, which is properly the tambor, and so named from its resemblance to a drum.

Tambor

TAM'BOR, verb transitive To embroider with a tambor.

Tamborin

TAM'BORIN, noun [French tambourin, from tambour, tabor; Spanish tamboril. See Tabor.]

1. A small drum.

2. A lively French dance, formerly in vogue in operas.

Cyc.

Tame

TAME, adjective [Saxon Danish Dutch tam; Swedish tam, tamd; German zahm. See the Verb.]

1. That has lost its native wildness and shyness; mild; accustomed to man; domestic; as a tame deer; a tame bird.

2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.

And you, tame slaves of the laborious plow.

Roscommon.

3. Spiritless; unanimated; as a tame poem. [Not elegant nor in use.]

Tame

TAME, verb transitive [Saxon tamian, getemian; Gothic ga-tamyan; Danish toemmer; Swedish t?mia; Dutch tammen; German zahmen; Latin domo; Greek; French dompter; Spanish Portugese domar; Italian domare; Chaldee Hebrew to be silent, dumb; or Arabic to restrain, to stop, shut, silence, subdue, tame. See Class Dm. No. 3. 25. and No. 23. 24.]

1. To reclaim; to reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; as, to tame a wild beast.

2. To civilize; as, to tame the ferocious in habitants of the forest.

3. To subdue; to conquer; to depress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.

4. To subdue; to repress; as wildness or licentiousness.

The tongue can no man tame. James 3.

Tamed

TA'MED, participle passive Reclaimed from wildness; domesticated; made gentle; subdued.

Tameless

TA'MELESS, adjective Wild; untamed; antamable. [Not much used.]

Hall.

Tamely

TA'MELY, adverb With unresisting submission; meanly; servilely; without manifesting spirit; as, to submit tamely to oppression; to bear reproach tamely.

Tameness

TA'MENESS, noun The quality of being tame or gentle; a state of domestication.

2. Unresisting submission; meanness in bearing insults or injuries; want of spirit.

Rogers.

Tamer

TA'MER, noun One that tames or subdues; one that reclaims from wildness.

Pope.

Taming

TA'MING, participle of the present tense Reclaiming from a wild state; civilizing; subduing.

Taminy

TAM'INY, or TAM'MY, noun A woolen stuff.

Johnson.

Tamkin

TAM'KIN, noun A stopper. [See Tampion.]

Tamper

TAM'PER, verb intransitive To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper with a disease.

2. To meddle; to have to do with without fitness or necessity.

'Tis dangerous tamp'ring with a muse.

Roscommon.

3. To deal; to practice secretly.

Others tamper'd

For Fleetwood, Desborough and Lambert.

Hudibras.

Tampering

TAM'PERING, participle of the present tense Meddling; dealing; practicing secretly.

Tampering

TAM'PERING, noun The act of meddling or practicing secretly.

Tamping

TAMP'ING, noun [allied probably to tame, dam, stem, stamp, &c.]

The matter that is driven into the hole bored into any thing for blasting. The powder being first put into the hole, and a tube for a conductor of the fire, the hole is rammed to fullness with brick-dust or other matter. This is called tamping.

Tampion

TAM'PION, or TOM'PION, noun [French tampon; Armoric tapon.] The stopper of a cannon or other piece of ordnance, consisting of a cylinder of wood.

Mar. Dict.

Tampoe

TAM'POE, noun A fruit of the East Indies, somewhat resembling an apple. It is eaten by the natives, and called sometimes mangoustan, though a different fruit and less agreeable to the taste.

Cyc.

Tamtam

TAM'TAM, noun A large flat drum used by the Hindoos.

Tan

TAN, verb transitive [French tanner, to tan; tanne, a little black spot on the face; Italian tane, tawny color. Gregoire, in his Armoric dictionary, suggests that this may be from tan or dan, which in Leon signifies an oak. But this is very doubtful. In Irish tionus signifies a tan-house, and tionsonaim is to drop or distill. Spotting is often from sprinkling, and dyeing from dipping. In Gaelic, dean is color. It seems to be allied to tawny, and perhaps to dun.]

1. In the arts, to convert animal skins into lether by steeping them in an infusion of oak or some other bark, by which they are impregnated with tannin, an astringent substance which exists in several species of bark, and thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree, impervious to water.

2. To make brown; to imbrown by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin.

His face all tann'd with scorching sunny rays.

Spenser.

Tan

TAN, noun The bark of the oak, &c. bruised and broken by a mill for tanning hides. It bears this name before and after it has been used. Tan, after being used in tanning, is used in gardening for making hotbeds; and it is also made into cakes and used as fuel.

Tan-Bed

TAN'-BED, noun [tan and bed.] In gardening, a bed made of tan; a bark bed.

Tan-Pit

TAN'-PIT, noun [tan and pit.] A bark pit; a vat in which hides are laid in tan.

Tan-Spud

TAN'-SPUD, noun [tan and spud.] An instrument for peeling the bark from oak and other trees. [Local.]

Tan-Stove

TAN'-STOVE, noun [tan and stove.] A hot house with a bark bed.

Tan-Vat

TAN'-VAT, noun [tan and vat.] A vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.

Tang

TANG, noun [Greek, rancor; rancid; It tanfo.]

1. A strong taste; particularly, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask.

Locke.

2. Relish; taste. [Not elegant.]

3. Something that leaves a sting or pain behind.

She had a tongue with a tang.

Shak.

4. Sound; tone. [Not in use.]

Holder.

Tang

TANG, verb intransitive To ring with. [Not in use.]

Shak.

[This may be allied to ding, dong.]

Tangent

TAN'GENT, noun [French tangente; Latin tangens, touching. See Touch.]

In geometry, a right line which touches a curve, but which when produced, does not cut it. In trigonometry, the tangent of an arc, is a right line touching the arc at one extremity, and terminated by a secant passing through the other extremity.

Tangibility

TANGIBIL'ITY, noun [from tangible.] The quality of being perceptible to the touch or sense of feeling.

Tangible

TAN'GIBLE, adjective [from Latin tango, to touch.]

1. Perceptible by the touch; tactile.

2. That may be possessed or realized.

Tangle

TAN'GLE, verb transitive [This word, if n is casual, seems to be allied to the Welsh tagu, to choke, Gothic taga, hair; from crowding together. In Arabic signifies to involve.]

1. To implicate; to unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to ravel the knot.

2. To ensnare; to entrap; as, to be tangled in the folds of dire necessity.

Milton.

Tangled in amorous nets.

Milton.

3. To embroil; to embarrass.

When my simple weakness strays,

Tangled in forbidden ways.

Crashaw.

[Entangle, the compound, is the more elegant word.]

Tangle

TAN'GLE, verb intransitive To be entangled or united confusedly.

Tangle

TAN'GLE, noun A knot of threads or other things united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged; as hair or yarn in tangles.

Milton.

2. A kind of sea weed.

Tanist

TAN'IST, noun [Gaelic, tanaiste, a lord, the governor of a country; in Ireland, the heir apparent of a prince; probably from tan, a region or territory, or from the Greek, a lord, which is from, to be powerful or able, the root of the Gaelic duine, a man. But both may be of one family, the root tan, ten, Greek, Latin teneo, Welsh tannu, to stretch, strain or hold.]

Among the descendants of the Celts in Ireland, a lord, or the proprietor of a tract of land; a governor or captain. This office or rank was elective, and often obtained by purchase or bribery.

Davies.

Tanistry

TAN'ISTRY, noun [Gaelic, tanaisteachd.] In Ireland, a tenure of lands by which the proprietor had only a life estate, and to this he was admitted by election. The primitive intention seems to have been that the inheritance should descend to the oldest or most worthy of the blood and name of the deceased. This was in reality giving it to the strongest, and the practice often occasioned bloody wars in families.

Davies. Cyc.

Tank

TANK, noun [French etang, a pond; Spanish estanque; Portugese tanque; Sanscrit tanghi; Japan, tange. This seems to be from the root of stanch, to stop, to hold.]

A large bason or cistern; a reservoir of water.

Dryden.

Tankard

TANK'ARD, noun [Irish tancaird; Gaelic, tancard; tank and ard.] A large vessel for liquors, or a drinking vessel, with a cover.

Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the manner of Bacchus.

Arbuthnot.

Tankard-Turnep

TANK'ARD-TURNEP, noun A sort of turnep that stands high above the ground.

Cyc.

Tanling

TAN'LING, noun One tanned or scorched by the heat of the sun.

Tanned

TAN'NED, participle passive [from tan.] Converted into lether. [See Tan.]

2. Darkened by the rays of the sun.

Tanner

TAN'NER, noun One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into lether by the use of tan.

Tannery

TAN'NERY, noun The house and apparatus for tanning.

Tanniers

TAN'NIERS, noun A variety of the arum esculentum, an esculent root.

Mease.

Tannin

TAN'NIN, noun The chimical name of that astringent substance contained in vegetables, particularly in the bark of the oak and chesnut, and in gall-nuts; the substance used to change raw hides into lether.

Tanning

TAN'NING, participle of the present tense Converting raw hides into lether.

Tanning

TAN'NING, noun The practice, operation and art of converting the raw hides of animals into lether by the use of tan.

Tanrec

TAN'REC, noun A quadruped of the Indies, larger than a rat. Qu.

Tansy

TAN'SY, noun s as z. [French tanaisie; Italian Spanish tanaceto; Latin tanacetum. Qu. Greek, immortality. This is doubtful and rather improbable.]

A plant of the genus Tanacetum, of many species. It is extremely bitter to the taste, and used for medicinal and culinary purposes.

Cyc.

Tant

TANT, noun A small spider with two eyes and eight long legs, and of an elegant scarlet color.

Cyc.

Tantalism

TAN'TALISM, noun [See Tantalize.] The punishment of Tantalus; a teasing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good which is not attainable.

Is not such a provision like tantalism to this people?

J. Quincy.

Tantalite

TAN'TALITE, noun The ore of tantalum or columbium, a newly discovered metal. It is of an iron black color, sometimes with a tinge of blue. It is imbedded in angular pieces, from the size of a pea to that of a hazel-nut.

Cyc.

Tantalization

TANTALIZA'TION, noun The act of tantalizing.

Tantalize

TAN'TALIZE, verb transitive [from Tantalus, in fable, who was condemned for his crimes to perpetual hunger and thirst, with food and water near him which he could not reach.]

To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the expectations by keeping that good out of reach; to tease; to torment.

Thy vain desires, at strife

Within themselves, have tantaliz'd thy life.

Dryden.

Tantalized

TAN'TALIZED, participle passive Teased or tormented by the disappointment of the hope of good.

Tantalizer

TAN'TALIZER, noun One that tantalizes.

Tantalizing

TAN'TALIZING, participle of the present tense Teasing or tormenting by presenting to the view some unattainable good.

Tantalum

TAN'TALUM, noun Columbium, the metal obtained from tantalite, newly discovered.

Thomson. Cyc.

Tantamount

TANT'AMOUNT, adjective [Latin tantus, so much, and amount.]

Equal; equivalent in value or signification; as a sum tantamount to all our expenses. Silence is sometimes tantamount to consent.

Tantivy

TAN'TIVY, adverb [said to be from the note of a hunting horn; Latin tanta vi.] To ride tantivy, is to ride with great speed.

Johnson.

Tantling

TANT'LING, noun [See Tantalize.] One seized with the hope of pleasure unattainable.

Shak.

Tap

TAP, verb transitive [French taper; Armoric tapa, tapein; Danish tapper, to throb; Greek,. See Class Db. No. 28.]

To strike with something small, or to strike a very gentle blow; to touch gently; as, to tap one with the hand; to tap one on the shoulder with a cane.

Tap

TAP, verb intransitive To strike a gentle blow. He tapped at the door.

Tap

TAP, verb transitive [Saxon toeppan; Swedish tappa; Danish tapper; Dutch tappen; German zapfen.]

1. To pierce or broach a cask, and insert a tap.

2. To open a cask and draw liquor.

Addison.

3. To pierce for letting out a fluid; as, to tap a tumor; to tap a dropsical person.

Sharp.

4. To box, or bore into; as, to tap a maple tree to obtain the sap for making sugar.

Mease.

Tap

TAP, noun A gentle blow; a slight blow with a small thing.

She gives her right hand woman a tap on the shoulder.

Addison.

2. A spile or pipe for drawing liquor from a cask. [But in Spanish tapar is to stop, and a tap may be a stopper. In this case, the verb to tap, should follow the noun.]

Tape

TAPE, noun [Saxon toeppe.] A narrow fillet or band; a narrow piece of woven work, used for strings and the like; as curtains tied with tape.

Pope.

Taper

TA'PER, noun [Saxon taper, tapur. Qu. Italian doppiere, a torch, Welsh tampyr.]

A small wax candle; a small lighted wax candle, or a small light.

Get me a taper in my study, Lucius.

Shak.

Taper

TA'PER, adjective [supposed to be from the form of a taper.]

Regularly narrowed towards the point; becoming small towards one end; conical; pyramidical; as taper fingers.

Dryden.

Taper

TA'PER, verb intransitive To diminish or become gradually smaller towards one end; as, a sugar loaf tapers towards a point.

Taper

TA'PER, verb transitive To make gradually smaller in diameter.

Tapering

TA'PERING, participle of the present tense Making gradually smaller.

2. adjective Becoming regularly smaller in diameter towards one end; gradually diminishing towards a point.

Taperness

TA'PERNESS, noun The state of being taper.

Tapestry

TAP'ESTRY, noun [French tapis, a carpet; tapisserie, hangings, tapestry; Latin tapes, tapestry; French se tapir, to crouch, to lie flat; Spanish tapiz, tapestry, and a grass-plot; Italian tappeto, a carpet; tappezzeria, tapestry; Armoric tapiÃƒ-§z, a carpet; tapiÃƒ-§ziry, tapestry. Qu. from weaving or spreading.]

A kind of woven hangings of wool and silk, often enriched with gold and silver, representing figures of men, animals, landscapes, &c.

Cyc.

Tapet

TA'PET, noun [supra.] Worked or figured stuff.

Spenser.

Tapeti

TAPETI, noun An American animal of the hare kind.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Tape-Worm

TA'PE-WORM, noun [tape and worm.] A worm bred in the human intestines or bowels. The body is jointed, and each joint has its mouth.

Tap-House

TAP'-HOUSE, noun [tap and house.] A house where liquors are retailed.

Tapir

TA'PIR, noun A quadruped of S. America, about 6 feet long and 3 1/2 high, resembling a hog in shape, with a short movable proboscis. It frequents the water, like the hippopotamus.

Ed. Encyc.

Tapis

TA'PIS, noun [French] Tapestry. Upon the tapis, under consideration, or on the table.

Tapped

TAP'PED, participle passive Broached; opened.

Tapping

TAP'PING, participle of the present tense Broaching; opening for the discharge of a fluid.

Tap-Root

TAP'-ROOT, noun [tap and root.] The main root of a plant, which penetrates the earth directly downwards to a considerable depth.

Cyc. Mortimer.

Tapster

TAP'STER, noun One whose business is to draw ale or other liquor.

Swift.

Tar

T`AR, noun [Saxon tare, tyr, tyrwa; Dutch teer; German theer; Swedish tiara; Danish tiere; Gaelic, tearr. In Dutch teeren signifies to smear with tar or pitch, and to pine, waste, consume, digest, prey, subsist, feast, and teer is tender, as well as tar. The Dutch teeren, is the German zehren, Danish toerer, Swedish t?ra, to fret, gnaw, consume; tare, in commerce. Tar then is from flowing, or from wasting, perhaps in combustion.]

1. A thick resinous substance of a dark brown or black color, obtained from pine and fir trees, by burning the wood with a close smothering heat.

Encyc. Cyc.

Tar inspissated is called pitch, and is much used in ships and cordage.

Cyc.

2. A sailor; so called from his tarred clothes.

Tar

T`AR, verb transitive To smear with tar; as, to tar ropes.

2. [Saxon tiran, tyrian.] To tease; to provoke. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tarabe

TARA'BE, noun A large parrot with a red head.

Cyc.

Tarantula

TARAN'TULA, noun [Italian tarantella.] A species of spider, the Aranea tarantula, so called, it is said, from Tarentum in Apulia, where this animal is mostly found; a venomous insect, whose bite gives name to a new disease, called tarantismus. This is said to be cured by music.

Tarantulate

TARAN'TULATE, verb transitive To excite or govern emotions by music.

Taraquira

TAR'AQUIRA, noun A species of American lizard.

Cyc.

Tardation

TARDA'TION, noun [Latin tardo. See Tardy.] The act of retarding or delaving. [Not used. We use for this, retardation.]

Tardigrade

T`ARDIGRADE, or T`ARDIGRADOUS, adjective [Latin tardigradus; tardus, slow, and gradus, step.]

Slow-paced; moving or stepping slowly.

Brown.

Tardigrade

T`ARDIGRADE, noun The tardigrades are a genus of edentate quadrupeds, including the genus Bradypus or sloth.

Tardily

T`ARDILY, adverb [from tardy.] Slowly; with slow pace or motion.

Shak.

Tardiness

T`ARDINESS, noun [from tardy.] Slowness, or the slowness of motion or pace.

2. Unwillingness; reluctance manifested by slowness.

3. Lateness; as the tardiness of witnesses or jurors in attendance; the tardiness of students in attending prayers or recitation.

Tardity

T`ARDITY, noun [Latin tarditas.] Slowness; tardiness. [Not used.]

Tardy

T`ARDY, adjective [French tardif; Spanish Italian tardo, from Latin tardus; from Welsh tariaw, to strike against, to stop, to stay, to tarry, whence target; tar, a shock; taran, that gives a shock, a clap of thunder; taranu, to thunder. We see the word is a derivative from a root signifying to strike, to clash, to dash against, hence to retard or stop.]

1. Slow; with as slow pace or motion.

And check the tardy flight of time.

Sandys.

2. Late; dilatory; not being in season.

The tardy plants in our cold orchards plac'd.

Waller.

You may freely censure him for being tardy in his payments.

Arbuthnot.

3. Slow; implying reluctance.

Tardy to vengeance, and with mercy brave.

Prior.

4. Unwary. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

5. Criminal. [Not in use.]

Collier.

Tardy

T`ARDY, v.t. [French tarder.] To delay. [Not in use.]

Tardy-Gaited

T`ARDY-GAITED, adjective [tardy and gait.]

Slow-paced; having a slow step or pace.

The mellow horn

Chides the tardy-gaited morn.

Clifton.

Tare

TARE, noun [I know not the origin of this word. See the next word.]

1. A weed that grows among corn.

Locke.

Declare to us the parable of the tares of the field. Matthew 13.

2. In agiculture, plant of the vetch kind, of which there are two sorts, the purple flowered spring or summer tare, and the purple-flowered wild or winter or winter tare. It is much cultivated in England for fodder.

Cyc.

Tare

TARE, noun [French id.; Italian Spanish tara; Dutch tarra; Italian tarare, to abate; Danish toerer, to waste, Swedish t?ra, Dutch teeren, German zehren.]

In commerce, deficiency in the weight or quantity of goods by reason of the weight of the cask, bag or other thing containing the commodity, and which is weighed with it; hence, the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quantity from the weight or quantity of a commodity sold in a cask, chest, bag or the like, which the seller makes to the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, chest or bag; or the abatement may be on the price of the commodity sold. When the tare is deducted, the remainder is called the net or neat weight.

Tare

TARE, verb transitive To ascertain or mark the amount of tare.

Laws of Penn.

Tare

TARE, old pret. of tear. We now use tore.

Tared

TA'RED, participle passive Having the tare ascertained and marked.

Targe

T`ARGE, for target, is obsolete.

Spenser.

Target

T`ARGET, noun [Saxon targ, targa; French targe; Italian targa; Welsh targed, from taraw, to strike, whence tariad, a striking against or collision, a stopping, a staying, a tarrying; tariaw, to strike against, to stop, to tarry. We see that target is that which stops; hence a defense; and from the root of tarry and tardy.]

1. A shield or buckler of a small kind, used as a defensive weapon in war.

2. A mark for the artillery to fire at in their practice.

Targeted

T`ARGETED, adjective Furnished or armed with a target.

Gauden.

Targeteer

T`ARGETEE'R, noun One armed with a target.

Chapman.

Targum

T`ARGUM, noun [Chaldee targum, interpretation.]

A translation or paraphrase of the sacred Scriptures in the Chaldee language or dialect. Of these the Targum of Jonathan, and that of Onkelos, are held in most esteem by the Jews.

Targumist

T`ARGUMIST, noun The writer of a Targum.

Parkhurst.

Tarif

TAR'IF, noun [French tarif; Italian tariffa; Spanish tarifa, a book of prices or rates.]

1. Properly, a list or table of goods with the duties or customs to be paid for the same, either on importation or exportation, whether such duties are imposed by the government of a country, or agreed on by the princes or governments of two countries holding commerce with each other.

2. A list or table of duties or customs to be paid on goods imported or exported.

Tarif

TAR'IF, verb transitive To make a list of duties on goods.

Tarin

TAR'IN, noun A bird of the genus Fringilla, kept in cages for its beauty and fine notes; the citrinella.

Cyc.

Taring

TA'RING, participle of the present tense Ascertaining or marking the amount of tare.

Tarn

T`ARN, noun [Icelandic tiorn.] A bog; a marsh; a fen.

Tarnish

T`ARNISH, verb transitive [French ternir, ternissant.]

1. To sully; to soil by an alteration induced by the air, or by dust and the like; to diminish or destroy luster; as, to tarnish a metal; to tarnish gilding; to tarnish the brightness or beauty of color.

2. To diminish or destroy the purity of; as, to tarnish reputation or honor.

Tarnish

T`ARNISH, verb intransitive To lose luster; to become dull; as, polished substances or gilding will tarnish in the course of time. Metals tarnish by oxydation.

Tarnished

T`ARNISHED, participle passive Sullied; having lost its brightness by oxydation, or by some alteration induced by exposure to air, dust and the like.

Gold and silver, when tarnished, resume their brightness by setting them over certain lyes. Copper and pewter, &c. tarnished, recover their luster with tripoli and potashes.

Cyc.

Tarnishing

T`ARNISHING, participle of the present tense Sullying; losing brightness.

Tarpaulin

TARPAU'LIN, noun [from tar.] A piece of canvas well daubed with tar, and used to cover the hatchways of a ship to prevent rain or water from entering the hold.

2. A sailor; in contempt.

Dennis.

Tarrace

TAR'RACE, or TAR'RASS, or TER'RASS, or TRASS, noun A volcanic earth, resembling puzzolana, used as a cement; or a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. The Dutch tarrass is made of a soft rock stone found near Collen, on the lower part of the Rhine. It is burnt like lime, and reduced to powder in mills. It is of a grayish color.

Cyc.

Tarragon

TAR'RAGON, noun A plant of the genus Artemisia, (A. dracunculus,) celebrated for perfuming vinegar in France.

Ed. Encyc. Mease.

Tarred

T`ARRED, participle passive Smeared with tar.

Tarriance

TAR'RIANCE, noun [from tarry.] A tarrying; delay; lateness. [Not in use.]

Tarrier

TAR'RIER, noun A dog. [See Terrier.]

2. [from tarry.] One who tarries or delays.

Tarring

T`ARRING, participle of the present tense Smearing with tar.

Shak.

Tarrock

TAR'ROCK, noun A sea fowl of the genus Larus or gull kind, the Latin tridactylus. It is of the size of the common pigeon, and is remarkable for having no hind toe, but in lieu of it a small protuberance.

Cyc.

Tarry

TAR'RY, verb intransitive [Welsh tariaw, to strike against any thing, to stop, to stay, to tarry; Irish Gaelic, tairisim. It is of the same family as tardy and target. The primary sense is to thrust or drive, hence to strike against, to stop; Welsh tarw, Latin taurus, a bull, is from the same root.]

1. To stay; to abide; to continue; to lodge.

Tarry all night and wash your feet. Genesis 19.

2. To stay behind. Exodus 12.

3. To stay in expectation; to wait.

Tarry ye here for us, till we come again to you. Exodus 24.

4. To delay; to put off going or coming; to defer.

Come down to me, tarry not. Genesis 45.

5. To remain; to stay.

He that telleth lies, shall not tarry in my sight. Psalm 101.

Tarry

TAR'RY, verb transitive To wait for.

I cannot tarry dinner. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tarry

T`ARRY, adjective [from tar.] Consisting of tar, or like tar.

More.

Tarrying

TAR'RYING, participle of the present tense Staying; delaying.

Tarrying

TAR'RYING, noun Delay. Psalm 40.

[This word is in respectable use.]

Tarsel

T`ARSEL, noun A kind of hawk.

Shak.

Tarsus

T`ARSUS, noun [Greek; French tarse.] That part of the foot to which the leg is articulated, the front of which is called the instep.

Cyc.

Tart

T`ART, adjective [Saxon teart; Dutch taartig. See the next word.]

1. Acid; sharp to the taste; acidulous; as a tart apple.

2. Sharp; keen; severe; as a tart reply; tart language; a tart rebuke.

Tart

T`ART, noun [Dutch taart; Swedish tart; French tarte; Italian torta; German torte; Spanish tarta. The Italian and German orthography seem to connect this word with torto, Latin tortus, twisted; and this may be the primary sense of tart, acid, sharp, and hence this noun, something acid or made of acid fruit. But qu.]

A species of pie or pastry, consisting of fruit baked on paste.

Tartan

T`ARTAN, noun [Spanish Italian tartana.] A small coasting vessel with one mast and a bowsprit, and the principal sail, which is very large, extended by a lateen-yard.

Mar. Dict.

Tartar

T`ARTAR, noun [French tartre; Spanish tartaro; from tart, acid.]

1. An acid concrete salt, formed from wines completely fermented, and adhering to the sides of the casks in the form of a hard crust. It is white or red, the white being most esteemed. In its crude state, it is much used as a flux in the assaying of ores.

Nicholson. Cyc.

Tartar is a supertartrate of potash; that is, a compound of tartaric acid and potash, having the acid in excess.

Dutch Olmsted.

2. A person of a keen irritable temper.

3. A native of Tartary; a corruption of Tatar.

Tartar

T`ARTAR, noun [Latin Tartarus.] Hell. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tartarean

TARTA'REAN, or TARTA'REOUS, adjective Hellish; pertaining to Tartarus.

Milton.

Tartareous

TARTA'REOUS, adjective Consisting of tartar; resembling tartar, or partaking of its properties.

Grew.

Tartaric

TARTAR'IC, or TARTA'REAN, adjective Pertaining to Tartary, in Asia.

Tartaric acid, the acid of tartar.

Tartarin

T`ARTARIN, noun [from tartar.] Fixed vegetable alkali or potash.

Tartarinated

T`ARTARINATED, adjective Combined with tartarin.

Tartarize

T`ARTARIZE, verb transitive To impregnate with tartar; to refine by means of the salt of tartar.

Cyc.

Tartarized

T`ARTARIZED, participle passive Impregnated with tartar; refined by tartar.

Tartarizing

T`ARTARIZING, participle of the present tense Impregnating with tartar; refining by means of the salt of tartar.

Tartarous

T`ARTAROUS, adjective Containing tartar; consisting of tartar, or partaking of its qualities.

Tartarum

T`ARTARUM, noun A preparation of tartar, called petrified tartar.

Cyc.

Tartish

T`ARTISH, adjective [from tart.] Somewhat tart.

Tartly

T`ARTLY, adverb Sharply; with acidity.

2. Sharply; with poignancy; severely; as, to reply or rebuke tartly.

3. With sourness of aspect.

Shak.

Tartness

T`ARTNESS, noun Acidity; sharpness to the taste; as the tartness of wine or fruit.

2. Sharpness of language or manner; poignancy; keenness; severity; as the tartness of rebuke.

Tartrate

T`ARTRATE, or T`ARTRITE, noun [from tartar.] A salt formed by the combination of tartarous or tartaric acid with a base; as tartrite of potash; tartrite of soda.

Cyc.

Tartuffish

T`ARTUFFISH, adjective [French tartuffe, a hypocrite.]

Precise; formal. [Not in use.]

Sterne.

Tar-Water

T`AR-WATER, noun [tar and water.] A cold infusion of tar, used as a medicine.

Cyc.

Task

T`ASK, noun [French tache; Welsh tasg, a bond, a pledge, that which is settled or agreed to be done, a job, a task; Gaelic, Irish tasg, task, and tasgaire, a slave; Italian tassa. The sense is that which is set or fixed, from throwing or putting on.]

1. Business imposed by another, often a definite quantity or amount of labor. Each man has his task. When he has performed his task, his time is his own. Exodus 5.

2. Business; employment.

His mental powers were equal to greater tasks.

Atterbury.

3. Burdensome employment.

To take to task, to reprove; to reprimand; as, to take one to task for idleness.

Addison.

Task

T`ASK, verb transitive [Welsh tasgu, to bind, to rate, to task, to spring, start, leap back, to urge.]

1. To impose a task; to assign to one a definite amount of business or labor.

2. To burden with some employment; to require to perform.

There task thy maids, and exercise the loom.

Dryden.

Tasked

T`ASKED, participle passive Required to perform something.

Tasker

T`ASKER, noun One that imposes a task.

Tasking

T`ASKING, participle of the present tense Imposing a task on; requiring to perform.

Taskmaster

T`ASKMASTER, noun [task and master.] One who imposes a task, or burdens with labor. Sinful propensities and appetites are men's most unrelenting taskmasters. They condemn us to unceasing drudgery, and reward us with pain, remorse and poverty. Next to our sinful propensities, fashion is the most oppressive taskmaster.

2. One whose office is to assign tasks to others. Exodus 1, 3.

Tassel

TAS'SEL, noun [Welsh tasel, a sash, a bandage, a fringe, a tassel; tasiaw, to tie; tas, that binds or hems in; Italian tassello, the collar of a cloke.]

1. A sort of pendant ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to curtains and the like, ending in loose threads.

2. A small ribin of silk sewed to a book, to be put between the leaves.

Cyc.

3. In building, tassels are the pieces of boards that lie under the mantle-tree.

4. A burr. [See Teasel.]

5. A male hawk; properly terzol, Italian terzuolo.

Tasseled

TAS'SELED, adjective Furnished or adorned with tassels; as the tasseled horn.

Milton.

Tasses

TAS'SES, n. plu. Armor for the thighs; appendages to the ancient corslet, consisting of skirts of iron that covered the thighs. They were fastened to the cuirass with hooks.

Tastable

TASTABLE, adjective [from taste.] That may be tasted; savory; relishing.

Taste

TASTE, verb transitive [French tÃƒ-¢ter, to feel; Italian tastare; Norm. taster, to touch, to try; German, Dutch tasten; Danish tasser. The Dutch has toetsen, to touch, to try, to test; Danish taster and, to attack or assault. This shows that the primary sense is to thrust or drive; allied perhaps to dash; hence to strike, to touch, to bring one thing in contact with another.]

1. To perceive by means of the tongue; to have a certain sensation in consequence of something applied to the tongue, the organ of taste; as, to taste bread; to taste wine; to taste a sweet or an acid.

2. To try the relish of by the perception of the organs of taste.

3. To try by eating a little; or to eat a little.

Because I tasted a little of this honey. 1 Samuel 14.

4. To essay first.

Dryden.

5. To have pleasure from.

Carew.

6. To experience; to feel; to undergo.

That he by the grace of God should taste death for every man. Hebrews 2.

7. To relish intellectually; to enjoy.

Thou, Adam, wilt taste no pleasure.

Milton.

8. To experience by shedding, as blood.

When Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse.

Gibbon.

Taste

TASTE, verb intransitive To try by the mouth; to eat or drink; or to eat or drink a little only; as, to taste of each kind of wine.

2. To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the quality or flavor is distinguished; as, butter tastes of garlic; apples boiled in a brass-kettle, sometimes taste of brass.

3. To distinguish intellectually.

Scholars, when good sense describing,

Call it tasting and imbibing.

Swift.

4. To try the relish of any thing. Taste of the fruits; taste for yourself.

5. To be tinctured; to have a particular quality or character.

Ev'ry idle, nice and wanton reason

Shall, to the king, taste of this action.

Shak.

6. To experience; to have perception of.

The valiant never taste of death but once.

Shak.

7. To take to be enjoyed.

Of nature's bounty men forbore to taste.

Waller.

8. To enjoy sparingly.

For age but tastes, of pleasures, youth devours.

Dryden.

9. To have the experience or enjoyment of.

They who have tasted of the heavenly gift, and the good word of God. Hebrews 6.

Taste

TASTE, noun The act of tasting; gustation.

Milton.

2. A particular sensation excited in an animal by the application of a substance to the tongue, the proper organ; as the taste of an orange or an apple; a bitter taste; an acid taste; a sweet taste.

3. The sense by which we perceive the relish of a thing. This sense appears to reside in the tongue or its papillae. Men have a great variety of tastes. In the influenza of 1790, the taste, for some days, was entirely extinguished.

4. Intellectual relish; as, he had no taste of true glory.

Addison.

I have no taste

Of popular applause.

Dryden.

[Note. In this use, the word is now followed by for. "He had no taste for glory." When followed by of, the sense is ambiguous, or rather it denotes experience, trial.]

5. Judgment; discernment; nice perception, or the power of perceiving and relishing excellence in human performances; the faculty of discerning beauty, order, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever constitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles lettres. Taste is not wholly the gift of nature, nor wholly the effect of art. It depends much on culture. We say, a good taste, or a fine taste.

Gerard.

6. Style; manner, with respect to what is pleasing; as a poem or music composed in good taste.

Cyc.

7. Essay; trial; experiment. [Not in use.]

Shak.

8. A small portion given as a specimen.

9. A bit; a little piece tasted or eaten.

Tasted

TASTED, participle passive Perceived by the organs of taste; experienced.

Tasteful

TASTEFUL, adjective Having a high relish; savory; as tasteful herbs.

Pope.

2. Having good taste.

Tastefully

TASTEFULLY, adverb With good taste.

Tasteless

TASTELESS, adjective Having no taste; insipid; as tasteless fruit.

2. Having no power of giving pleasure; as tasteless amusements.

3. Having no power to perceive taste. [Not used.]

4. Having no intellectual gust. [Little used.]

Tastelessness

TASTELESSNESS, noun Want of taste or relish; insipidness; as the tastelessness of fruit.

2. Want of perception of taste. [Not in use.]

3. Want of intellectual relish. [Not in use.]

Taster

TASTER, noun One who tastes.

2. One who first tastes food or liquor.

Thy tutor be thy taster, e'er thou eat.

Dryden.

3. A dram cup.

Ainsworth.

Tastily

TASTILY, adverb With good taste.

Tasting

TASTING, participle of the present tense Perceiving by the tongue.

2. Trying; experiencing; enjoying or suffering.

Tasting

TASTING, noun The act of perceiving by the tongue.

2. The sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors; or the perception of external objects through the instrumentality of the tongue or organs of taste.

Tasty

TASTY, adjective Having a good taste, or nice perception of excellence; applied to persons; as a tasty lady.

2. Being in conformity to the principles of good taste; elegant; as tasty furniture; a tasty dress.

Tatter

TAT'TER, verb transitive [Qu. Saxon totoeran; compounded of toeran, to tear, and the prefix to.]

To rend or tear into rags. [Not used except in the participle.]

Tatter

TAT'TER, noun A rag, or a part torn and hanging to the thing; chiefly used in the plural, tatters.

Tatterdemalion

TATTERDEMA'LION, noun A ragged fellow.

L'Estrange.

Tattered

TAT'TERED, participle passive or adjective Rent; torn; hanging in rags; as a tattered garment.

Where wav'd the tatter'd ensigns of Rag-fair.

Pope.

Tattle

TAT'TLE, verb intransitive [Dutch tateren; Italian tattamellare.]

1. To prate; to talk idly; to use many words with little meaning.

Excuse it by the tattling quality of age, which is always narrative.

Dryden.

2. To tell tales; to communicate secrets; as a tattling girl.

Tattle

TAT'TLE, v. Prate; idle talk or chat; trifling talk.

They told the tattle of the day.

Swift.

Tattler

TAT'TLER, noun One who tattles; an idle talker; one that tells tales.

Tattling

TAT'TLING, participle of the present tense Talking idly; telling tales.

2. adjective Given to idle talk; apt to tell tales.

Tattoo

TATTOO', noun [If this word was originally taptoo or tapto, it is from the French tapoter, to beat; tapotez tous, beat, all of you; from taper, Greek, tap.]

A beat of drum at night, giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters in garrison, or to their tents in camp.

Cyc.

Tattoo

TATTOO', verb transitive [In the South Sea isles.] To prick the skin, and stain the punctured spots with a black substance, forming lines and figures upon the body. In some isles, the inhabitants tattoo the face, in others only the body. The same practice exists among other rude nations.

Barrow. Makenzie.

Tattoo

TATTOO', noun Figures on the body made by punctures and stains in lines and figures.

Tattooed

TATTOO'ED, participle passive Marked by stained lines and figures on the body.

Tattooing

TATTOO'ING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with various figures by stained lines.

Tau

TAU, noun The toad fish of Carolina, a species of Gadus, (German tau.)

Cyc.

2. A species of beetle; also, a species of moth, (Phalena;) also, a kind of fly, [Musca.)

Cyc.

Taught

TAUGHT, a. taut. [from the root of tight.] Stretched; not slack.

Mar. Dict.

Taught

TAUGHT, pret. and participle passive of teach. pron. taut. [Latin doctus.]

Experience taught him wisdom. He has been taught in the school of experience.

Taunt

T'AUNT, verb transitive [Qu. French tancer, to rebuke or chide; Welsh tantiaw, to stretch; or Pers. to pierce with words.]

1. To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid.

When I had at my pleasure taunted herÃ‚--

Shak.

2. To exprobrate; to censure.

Rail thou in Fulvia's phrase, and taunt my faults.

Shak.

Taunt

T'AUNT, noun Upbraiding words; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective.

With scoffs and scorns, and contumelious taunts.

Shak.

With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest.

Prior.

Taunted

T'AUNTED, participle passive Upbraided with sarcastic or severe words.

Taunter

T'AUNTER, noun One who taunts, reproaches or upbraids with sarcastic or censorious reflections.

Taunting

T'AUNTING, participle of the present tense Treating with severe reflections; upbraiding.

Tauntingly

T'AUNTINGLY, adverb With bitter and sarcastic words; insultingly; scoffingly.

Tauricornous

TAUR'ICORNOUS, adjective [Latin taurus, a bull, and cornu, horn.]

Having horns like a bull.

Brown.

Tauriform

TAUR'IFORM, adjective [Latin taurus, a bull, and form.]

Having the form of a bull.

Faber.

Taurus

TAUR'US, noun [Latin; Welsh tarw.] The bull; one of the twelve signs of the zodiac, and the second in order, or that next to Aries. This constellation, according to the British catalogue, contains 141 stars.

Cyc.

Tautologic

TAUTOLOG'IC, or TAUTOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Tautology.] Repeating the same thing; having the same signification; as a tautological expression or phrase.

Tautological echo, an echo that repeats the same sound or syllable many times.

Tautologist

TAUTOL'OGIST, noun One who uses different words or phrases in succession to express the same sense.

Tautologize

TAUTOL'OGIZE, verb intransitive To repeat the same thing in different words.

Tautology

TAUTOL'OGY, noun [Greek; the same, and, word or expression.]

A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition of a thing in different words or phrases; or a representation of any thing as the cause, condition or consequence of itself, as in the following lines.

Cyc.

The dawn is overcast, the morning low'rs,

And heavily in clouds brings on the day.

Addison.

Tavern

TAV'ERN, noun [French taverne; Welsh tavarn; Latin taberna; tab, the root of table, a board, and Saxon oern, place.]

A house licensed to sell liquors in small quantities, to be drank on the spot. In some of the United States, tavern is synonymous with inn or hotel, and denotes a house for the entertainment of travelers, as well as for the sale of liquors, licensed for that purpose.

Taverner

TAV'ERNER, or TAV'ERN-KEEPER, noun One who keeps a tavern. In the United States, one who is licensed to sell liquors to be drank in his house, and to entertain travelers and lodgers, together with the horses or oxen composing their teams. Taverners are by law to be provided with suitable beds for their guests, and with suitable beds for their guests, and with fodder for horses and cattle.

Laws of Conn.

Tavern-Haunter

TAV'ERN-H`AUNTER, noun [tavern and haunt.]

One who frequents taverns; one who spends his time and substance in tippling in taverns.

Taverning

TAV'ERNING, noun A feasting at taverns.

Hall.

Tavern-Man

TAV'ERN-MAN, noun [tavern and man.] The keeper of a tavern. [Not in use.]

2. A tippler.

Taw

TAW, verb transitive [Saxon tawian; Dutch touwen. In Saxon teagan has the like signification. In Persic, is to scrape and curry hides.]

To dress white lether or alum lether; to dress and prepare skins in white, as the skins of sheep, lambs, goats and kids, for gloves and the like.

Cyc.

Taw

TAW, noun A marble to be played with.

Swift.

Tawdrily

TAW'DRILY, adverb In a tawdry manner.

Tawdriness

TAW'DRINESS, noun [from tawdry.] Tinsel in dress; excessive finery; ostentatious finery without elegance.

A clumsy person makes his ungracefulness more ungraceful by tawdriness of dress.

Richardson.

Tawdry

TAW'DRY, adjective Very fine and showy in colors without taste or elegance; having an excess of showy ornaments without grace; as a tawdry dress; tawdry fethers; tawdry colors.

He rails from morning to night at essenced fops and tawdry courtiers.

Spectator.

Tawdry

TAW'DRY, noun A slight ornament.

Drayton.

Tawed

TAW'ED, participle passive Dressed and made white, as lether.

Tawer

TAW'ER, noun A dresser of white lether.

Tawing

TAW'ING, participle of the present tense Dressing, as white lether.

Tawing

TAW'ING, noun The art and operation of preparing skins and forming them into white lether.

Tawny

TAW'NY, adjective [French tannÃƒ-©, from tanner, to tan.]

Of a yellowish dark color, like things tanned, or persons who are sun-burnt; as a tawny

Moor or Spaniard; the tawny sons of Numidia; the tawny lion.

Addison. Milton.

Tax

TAX, noun [French taxe; Spanish tasa; Italian tassa; from Latin taxo, to tax. If from the Greek, the root was tago, the sense of which was to set, to thrust on. But this is doubtful. It may be allied to task.]

1. A rate or sum of money assessed on the person or property of a citizen by government, for the use of the nation or state. Taxes, in free governments, are usually laid upon the property of citizens according to their income, or the value of their estates. Tax is a term of general import, including almost every species of imposition on persons or property for supplying the public treasury, as tolls, tribute, subsidy, excise, impost, or customs. But more generally, tax is limited to the sum laid upon polls, lands, houses, horses, cattle, professions and occupations. So we speak of a land tax, a window tax, a tax on carriages, &c. Taxes are annual or perpetual.

2. A sum imposed on the persons and property of citizens to defray the expenses of a corporation, society, parish or company; as a city tax, a county tax, a parish tax, and the like. So a private association may lay a tax on its members for the use of the association.

3. That which is imposed; a burden. The attention that he gives to public business is a heavy tax on his time.

4. Charge; censure.

Clarendon.

5. Task.

Tax

TAX, verb transitive [Latin taxo; French taxer; Italian tassare.]

1. To lay, impose or assess upon citizens a certain sum of money or amount of property, to be paid to the public treasury, or to the treasury of a corporation or company, to defray the expenses of the government or corporation, &c.

We are more heavily taxed by our idleness, pride and folly, than we are taxed by government.

Franklin.

2. To load with a burden or burdens.

The narratorÃ‚--never taxes our faith beyond the obvious bounds of probability.

J. Sparks.

3. To assess, fix or determine judicially, as the amount of cost on actions in court; as, the court taxes bills of cost.

4. To charge; to censure; to accuse; usually followed by with; as, to tax a man with pride. He was taxed with presumption.

Men's virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed their crimes.

Dryden.

[To tax of a crime, is not in use, nor to tax for. Both are now improper.]

Taxable

TAX'ABLE, adjective That may be taxed; liable by law to the assessment of taxes; as taxable estate. By the laws of some states, polls are not taxable after the age of seventy.

2. That may be legally charged by a court against the plaintiff or defendant in a suit; as taxable costs.

Taxation

TAXA'TION, noun [French from Latin taxatio.] A taxing; the act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes on the subjects of a state by government, or on the members of a corporation or company by the proper authority. Taxation is probably the most difficult subject of legislation.

2. Tax; sum imposed. [Little used.]

He daily such taxations did exactÃ‚--

Daniel.

3. Charge; accusation. [Little used.]

Shak.

4. The act of taxing or assessing a bill of cost.

Taxed

TAX'ED, participle passive Rated; assessed; accused.

Taxer

TAX'ER, noun One who taxes.

2. In Cambridge, two officers chosen yearly to see the true guage of weights and measures observed.

Cyc.

Taxiarch

TAX'IARCH, noun [Greek; order, and, chief.]

An Athenian military officer commanding a taxis or battalion.

Mitford.

Taxidermy

TAX'IDERMY, noun [Greek, order, and, skin.]

The art of preparing and preserving specimens of animals.

Taxing

TAX'ING, participle of the present tense Imposing a tax; assessing, as a bill of cost; accusing.

Taxing

TAX'ING, noun The act of laying a tax; taxation. Luke 2.

Taxonomy

TAXON'OMY, noun [Greek, order, and, law.]

Classification; a term used by a French author to denote the classification of plants.

Decandolle, Theor. Elem. de la Botanique.

Tea

TEA, noun [Chinese, tcha or tha. Grosier. Russian tshai; Spanish te; Italian tÃƒ-¨; French thÃƒ-©.]

1. The leaves of the tea-tree as dried and imported. There are several kinds of tea, as imperial tea, hyson and young hyson, called green teas; souchong and bohea, called black teas, &c.

2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water. Tea is a refreshing beverage.

3. Any infusion or decoction of vegetables; as sage tea; camomile tea, &c.

Tea-Board

TE'A-BOARD, noun [tea and board.] A board to put tea furniture on.

Tea-Canister

TE'A-CANISTER, noun [tea and canister.] A canister or box in which tea is kept.

Tea-Cup

TE'A-CUP, noun [tea and cup.] A small cup in which tea is drank.

Tea-Drinker

TE'A-DRINKER, noun [tea and drinker.] One who drinks much tea.

Tea-Plant

TE'A-PLANT, noun The tea-tree.

Tea-Pot

TE'A-POT, noun [tea and pot.] A vessel with a spout, in which tea is made, and from which it is poured into tea-cups.

Tea-Saucer

TE'A-SAUCER, noun [tea and saucer.] A small saucer in which a tea-cup is set.

Tea-Spoon

TE'A-SPOON, noun [tea and spoon.] A small spoon used in drinking tea and coffee.

Tea-Table

TE'A-TABLE, noun [tea and table.] A table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drank.

Tea-Tree

TE'A-TREE, noun [tea and tree.] The tree or plant that produces the leaves which are imported and called tea. The generic name given to it by Linne, is thea. It is a native of China, Japan and Tonquin, but has recently been introduced into S. America.

Encyc.

Teach

TEACH, verb transitive pret. and pp. taught. [Saxon toecan, to teach, and to take; Latin doceo; Irish deachtaim, to teach, to dictate; Gaelic, deachdam, which seems to be the Latin dico, dicto, and both these and the Greek, to show, may be of one family; all implying sending, passing, communicating, or rather leading, drawing.]

1. To instruct; to inform; to communicate to another the knowledge of that of which he was before ignorant.

He will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths. Isaiah 2.

Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples. Luke 11.

2. To deliver any doctrine, art, principles or words for instruction. One sect of ancient philosophers taught the doctrines of stoicism, another those of epicureanism.

In vain they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. Matthew 15.

3. To tell; to give intelligence.

Tusser.

4. To instruct, or to practice the business of an instructor; to use or follow the employment of a preceptor; as, a man teaches school for a livelihood.

5. To show; to exhibit so as to impress on the mind.

If some men teach wicked things, it must be that others may practice them.

South.

6. To accustom; to make familiar.

They have taught their tongue to speak lies. Jeremiah 9.

7. To inform or admonish; to give previous notice to.

For he taught his disciples, and saidÃ‚-- Mark 9.

8. To suggest to the mind.

For the Holy Spirit shall teach you in that same hour what ye ought to say. Luke 12.

9. To signify or give notice.

He teacheth with his fingers. Proverbs 6.

10. To counsel and direct. Habakkuk 2.

Teach

TEACH, verb intransitive To practice giving instruction; to perform the business of a preceptor.

The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire. Micah 3.

Teach

TEACH, noun [Irish Gaelic, teagham, to heat.]

In sugar works, the last boiler.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Teachable

TE'ACHABLE, adjective That may be taught; apt to learn; also, readily receiving instruction; docile.

We ought to bring our minds free, unbiased and teachable, to learn our religion from the word of God.

Watts.

Teachableness

TE'ACHABLENESS, noun The quality of being capable of receiving instruction; more generally, a willingness or readiness to be informed and instructed; docility; aptness to learn.

Teacher

TE'ACHER, noun One who teaches or instructs.

2. An instructor; a preceptor; a tutor; one whose business or occupation is to instruct others.

3. One who instructs others in religion; a preacher; a minister of the gospel.

The teachers in all the churches assembled themselves.

Raleigh.

4. One who preaches without regular ordination.

Swift.

Teaching

TE'ACHING, participle of the present tense Instructing; informing.

Teaching

TE'ACHING, noun The act or business of instructing.

2. Instruction.

Tead

TEAD, or TEDE, noun [Latin toeda.] A torch; a flambeau. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Teague

TEAGUE, n. teeg. An Irishman; in contempt.

Johnson.

Teak

TEAK, or TEEK, noun A tree of the East Indies, which furnishes an abundance of ship timber. The generic name given to it by Linne, is Tectona.

Cyc.

Teal

TEAL, noun [Dutch taling.] An aquatic fowl of the genus Anas, the smallest of the duck kind.

Cyc.

Team

TEAM, noun [Saxon team, offspring, progeny, race of descendants, hence a suit or long series; tyman, to teem, to bear, to bring forth, also to call, to summon. The primary sense is to shoot out or extend.]

1. Two or more horses, oxen or other beasts harnessed together to the same vehicle for drawing, as to a coach, chariot, wagon, cart, sled, sleigh and the like. It has been a great question whether teams of horses or oxen are most advantageously employed in agriculture. In land free from stones and stumps and of easy tillage, it is generally agreed that horses are preferable for teams.

2. Any number passing in a line; a long line.

Like a long team of snowy swans on high.

Dryden.

[This is the primary sense, but is rarely used.]

Teamster

TE'AMSTER, noun [team and ster.] One who drives a team.

Team-Work

TE'AM-WORK, noun [team and work.] Work done by a team, as distinguished from personal labor.

New England.

Tear

TEAR, noun [Gaelic, dear, deur; Gothic tagr, contracted in Saxon tear; German zÃƒ-¤hre; Swedish tÃƒ-¥r; Danish taare; Welsh daigyr; Greek; from flowing or pouring forth; Arabic tauka, to burst forth, as tears, or wadaka, to drop or distil. See Class Dg. No. 16. 24. and 48. 63.]

1. Tears are the limpid fluid secreted by the lacrymal gland, and appearing in the eyes, or flowing from them. A tear, in the singular, is a drop or a small quantity of that fluid. Tears are excited by passions, particularly by grief. This fluid is also called forth by any injury done to the eye. It serves to moisten the cornea and preserve its transparency, and to remove any dust or fine substance that enters the eye and gives pain.

2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter.

Tear

TEAR, verb transitive pret. tore; pp. torn; old pret. tare, obs. [Saxon toeran, to tear; tiran, tyran, tyrian, tyrigan, to fret, gnaw, provoke; Russian deru, to tear. In Swedish t?ra is to fret, consume, waste; Danish toerer, id.; Dutch teeren, German zehren, id. These are probably the same word varied in signification, and they coincide with Latin tero, Greek. In Welsh tori, Armoric torri, Cornish terhi, is to break; Chaldee Syriac, to tear, to rend. Class Dr. No. 42. 51.]

1. To separate by violence or pulling; to rend; to lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment; to tear the skin or flesh. We use tear and rip in different senses. To tear is to rend or separate the texture of cloth; to rip is to open a seam, to separate parts sewed together.

2. To wound; to lacerate.

The women beat their breasts, their cheeks they tear.

Shak.

3. To rend; to break; to form fissures by any violence; as, torrents tear the ground.

Dryden.

4. To divide by violent measures; to shatter; to rend; as a state or government torn by factions.

Locke.

5. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair.

Dryden.

6. To remove by violence; to break up.

Or on rough seas from their foundation torn.

Dryden.

7. To make a violent rent.

In the midst, a tearing groan did break

The name of Antony.

Shak.

To tear from, to separate and take away by force; as an isle torn from its possessor.

The hand of fate

Has torn thee from me.

Addison.

To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip.

To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes.

To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundations of government or order.

Tear

TEAR, verb intransitive To rave; to rage; to rant; to move and act with turbulent violence; as a mad bull.

L'Estrange.

Tear

TEAR, noun A rent; a fissure. [Little used.]

Tearer

TEARER, noun One who tears or rends any thing.

2. One that rages or raves with violence.

Tear-Falling

TE'AR-FALLING, adjective [tear and fall.] Shedding tears; tender; as tear-falling pity.

Shak.

Tearful

TE'ARFUL, adjective [tear and full.] Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as tearful eyes.

Shak.

Tearing

TEARING, participle of the present tense [from tear, to rend.] Rending; pulling apart; lacerating; violent; raging.

Tearless

TE'ARLESS, adjective Shedding no tears; without tears; unfeeling.

Sandys.

Tease

TEASE, v. t. s as z. [Saxon toesan, to pull or tear.]

1. To comb or card, as wool or flax.

2. To scratch, as cloth in dressing, for the purpose of raising a nap.

3. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy, disturb or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery. Parents are often teased by their children into unreasonable compliances.

My friends tease me about him, because he has no estate.

Spectator.

Teased

TE'ASED, participle passive Carded.

2. Vexed; irritated or annoyed.

Teasel

TE'ASEL, n. tee'zl. [Saxon toesl.] A plant of the genus Dipsacus, one kind of which bears a large burr which is used for raising a nap on woolen cloth. Hence,

2. The burr of the plant.

Teaseler

TE'ASELER, noun One who uses the teasel for raising a nap on cloth.

Kelham.

Teaser

TE'ASER, noun One that teases or vexes.

Teasing

TE'ASING, participle of the present tense Combing; carding; scratching for the purpose of raising a nap; vexing with importunity.

Teat

TEAT, or TIT, noun [Saxon tit, titt, as it is usually pronounced to this day; German zitze; Dutch tet; Welsh tÃƒ-ªth; Cornish titi; Irish did; Basque, titia; Gaelic, did; French teton, breast, Italian tetta; Portugese Spanish teta; Greek. It coincides with tooth, teeth in elements, and radical sense, which is a shoot.]

The projecting part of the female breast; the dug of a beast; the pap of a woman; the nipple. It consists of an elastic erectile substance, embracing the lactiferous ducts, which terminate on its surface, and thus serves to convey milk to the young of animals.

Teathe

TEATHE, noun The soil or fertility left on lands by feeding them. [Local.]

Teathe

TEATHE, verb transitive To feed and enrich by live stock. [Local.]

Techily

TECH'ILY, adverb [from techy, so written for touchy.] Peevishly; fretfully; frowardly.

Techiness

TECH'INESS, noun Peevishness; fretfulness.

Bp. Hall.

Technic

TECH'NIC, or TECH'NICAL, adjective [Latin technicus; Greek, from, art, artifice, from, to fabricate, make or prepare. This word and have the same elements.]

1. Pertaining to art or the arts. A technical word is a word that belongs properly or exclusively to an art; as the verb to smelt, belongs to metallurgy. So we say, technical phrases, technical language. Every artificer has his technical terms.

2. Belonging to a particular profession; as, the words of an indictment must be technical.

Blackstone, Index.

It is of the utmost importance clearly to understand the technical terms used by the eastern theologians.

Prof. Lee.

Technically

TECH'NICALLY, adverb In a technical manner; according to the signification of terms of art or the professions.

Technicalness

TECH'NICALNESS, or TECHNICAL'ITY, noun The quality or state of being technical or peculiar to the arts.

Forster.

Technics

TECH'NICS, noun The doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as respect the arts.

Technological

TECHNOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Technology.]

1. Pertaining to technology.

Beddoes. Tooke.

2. Pertaining to the arts; as teehnological institutes.

Journ. of Science.

Technologist

TECHNOL'OGIST, noun One who discourses or treats of arts, or of the terms of art.

Technology

TECHNOL'OGY, noun [Greek, art, and, word or discourse.]

1. A description of arts; or a treatise on the arts.

2. An explanation of the terms of the arts.

Crabbe.

Techy

TECH'Y, adjective [so written for touchy.] Peevish; fretful; irritable. [More correctly touchy.]

Shak.

Tectonic

TECTON'IC, adjective [Greek, from, to fabricate.]

Pertaining to building.

Bailey.

Ted

TED, verb transitive [Welsh tÃƒ-ªd and tÃƒ-ªz, [teth,] a spread; tedu, to distend.]

Among farmers, to spread; to turn new mowed grass from the swath, and scatter it for drying. [Local.]

Mortimer. Milton.

Tedded

TED'DED, participle passive Spread from the swath; as tedded grass.

Milton.

Tedder

TED'DER, noun [Welsh tid, a chain; Irish tead, teidin; Gaelic, tead, teidin, teud, a chain, cord or rope; Swedish tiuder; probably from extending. See Ted.]

1. A rope or chain by which an animal is tied that he may feed on the ground to the extent of the rope and no further. Hence the popular saying, a person has gone to the length of his tedder.

2. That by which one is restrained.

Child.

Tedder

TED'DER, verb transitive To tie with a tedder; to permit to feed to the length of a rope or chain.

2. To restrain to certain limits.

To deum, a hymn to be sung in churches or on occasions of joy; so called from the first words.

Te deum was sung at St. Paul's after the victory.

Bacon.

Tedious

TE'DIOUS, adjective [Spanish Italian tedioso, from tedio, Latin toedium; probably connected with Welsh ted, tedder, from the sense of drawing out.]

1. Wearisome; tiresome from continuance, prolixity, or slowness which causes prolixity. We say, a man is tedious in relating a story; a minister is tedious in his sermon. We say also, a discourse is tedious, when it wearies by its length or dullness.

2. Slow; as a tedious course.

Harte.

Tediously

TE'DIOUSLY, adverb In such a manner as to weary.

Tediousness

TE'DIOUSNESS, noun Wearisomeness by length of continuance or by prolixity; as the tediousness of an oration or argument.

2. Prolixity; length.

Shak.

3. Tiresomeness; quality of wearying; as the tediousness of delay.

4. Slowness that wearies.

Tedium

TE'DIUM, noun [Latin toedium.] Irksomeness; wearisomeness.

Cowper.

Teem

TEEM, verb intransitive [Saxon tyman, to bring forth, to bear; team, offspring; also tyman, teaman, to call, to summon; Dutch teemen, to whine, to cant, that is, to throw.]

1. To bring forth, as young.

If she must teem,

Create her child of spleenÃ‚--

Shak.

2. To be pregnant; to conceive; to engender young.

Teeming buds and cheerful greens appear.

Dryden.

2. To be full; to be charged; as a breeding animal; to be prolific. Every head teems with politics.

Addison.

4. To bring forth; to produce, particularly in abundance. The earth teems with fruits; the sea teems with fishes.

Teem

TEEM, verb transitive To produce; to bring forth.

What's the newest grief?

Each minute teems a new one.

Shak.

[This transitive sense is not common.]

2. To pour. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Teemer

TEE'MER, noun One that brings forth young.

Teemful

TEE'MFUL, adjective Pregnant; prolific.

2. Brimful.

Ainsworth.

Teeming

TEE'MING, participle of the present tense Producing young.

Teemless

TEE'MLESS, adjective Not fruitful or prolific; barren; as the teemless earth.

Dryden.

Teen

TEEN, noun [infra.] Grief; sorrow. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Teen

TEEN, verb transitive [Saxon teonan, tynan, to irritate.] To excite; to provoke. [Not in use.]

Teens

TEENS, noun [from teen, ten.] The years of one's age reckoned by the termination teen. These years begin with thirteen, and end with nineteen. Miss is in her teens.

Teeth

TEETH, plu. of tooth, which see.

In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front.

Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth.

Pope.

Teeth

TEETH, verb intransitive [from the noun.] To breed teeth.

Teething

TEE'THING, participle of the present tense Breeding teeth; undergoing dentition.

Teething

TEE'THING, noun The operation or process of the first growth of teeth, or the process by which they make their way through the gums, called dentition.

Tegular

TEG'ULAR, adjective [Latin tegula, a tile, from tego, to cover or make close.]

Pertaining to a tile; resembling a tile; consisting of tiles.

Tegularly

TEG'ULARLY, adverb In the manner of tiles on a roof.

Kirwan.

Tegument

TEG'UMENT, noun [Latin tegumentum, from tego, to cover.]

A cover or covering; seldom used except in reference to the covering of a living body. [See Integument.]

Teh-Hee

TEH-HEE, a sound made in laughing.

Teh-Hee

TEH-HEE, verb intransitive To laugh. [A cant word.]

Teil

TEIL, or TEIL-TREE, noun [Latin tilia; Irish teile.] The lime tree, otherwise called the linden.

Teint

TEINT, noun [French teint, from teindre, Latin tingo, to dye.] Color; tinge. [See Tint.]

Telary

TEL'ARY, adjective [Latin tela, a web.] Pertaining to a web.

2. Spinning webs; as a telary spider. [Little used.]

Brown.

Telegraph

TEL'EGRAPH, noun [Greek, at a distance, and, to write.]

A machine for communicating intelligence from a distance by various signals or movements previously agreed on; which signals represent letters, words or ideas which can be transmitted from one station to another, as far as the signals can be seen. This machine was invented by the French about the year 1793 or 1794, and is now adopted by other nations.

Cyc.

Telegraphic

TELEGRAPH'IC, adjective Pertaining to the telegraph; made by a telegraph; as telegraphic movements or signals; telegraphic art.

2. Communicated by a telegraph; as telegraphic intelligence.

Teleology

TELEOL'OGY, noun [Greek, end, and, discourse.]

The science of the final causes of things.

Telescope

TEL'ESCOPE, noun [French from Greek, end, or, at a distance, probably the latter, and, to see; Italian Spanish telescopio.]

An optical instrument employed in viewing distant objects, as the heavenly bodies. It assists the eye chiefly in two ways; first, by enlarging the visual angle under which a distant object is seen, and thus magnifying that object; and secondly, by collecting and conveying to the eye a larger beam of light than would enter the naked organ, and thus rendering objects distinct and visible which would otherwise be indistinct or invisible. Its essential parts are the object glass, which collects the beam of light and forms an image of the object, and the eye glass, which is a microscope by which the image is magnified.

Dutch Olmsted.

Telescope-Shell

TEL'ESCOPE-SHELL, noun In conchology, a species of turbo with plane, striated and numerous spires.

Cyc.

Telescopic

TELESCOP'IC, or TELESCOP'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a telescope; performed by a telescope; as a telescopic view.

2. Seen or discoverable only by a telescope; as telescopic stars.

Telesia

TELE'SIA, noun Sapphire.

Ure.

Telesm

TEL'ESM, noun [Arabic] A kind of amulet or magical charm.

Gregory.

Telesmatic

TELESMAT'IC, or TELESMAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to telesms; magical.

Gregory.

Telestic

TELES'TIC, noun [Greek, end, and, a verse.]

A poem in which the final letters of the lines make a name.

Paus. Trans. B. Jonson.

Tell

TELL, verb transitive pret. and pp. told. [Saxon tellan; German zahlen; Dutch tellen, to count, number or tell; Danish toeler, to count; taler, to talk, speak, reason; Swedish tala, to speak, to talk; tal, talk, discourse, speech, number; Danish tale, Icelandic tala, id. The primary sense is to throw or drive, Latin telum, Arabic dalla. Class Dl. No. 6. So Latin appello and peal, Latin pello, Greek.]

1. To utter; to express in words; to communicate to others.

I will not eat till I have told my errand. Genesis 24.

2. To relate; to narrate; to rehearse particulars; as, to tell a story. Genesis 37.

And not a man appears to tell their fate.

Pope.

3. To teach; to inform; to make known; to show by words. Tell us the way.

Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? Genesis 12.

4. To discover; to disclose; to betray.

They will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. Numbers 14.

5. To count; to number.

Look now towards heaven, and tell the stars. Genesis 15.

6. To relate in confession; to confess or acknowledge.

Tell me now what thou hast done. Joshua 7.

7. To publish.

Tell it not in Gath. 2 Samuel 1.

8. To unfold; to interpret; to explain. Ezekiel 24.

9. To make excuses.

Tush, never tell me. [Not elegant.]

Shak.

10. To make known.

Our feelings tell us how long they ought to have submitted.

Junius.

11. To discover; to find; to discern. The colors are so blended that I cannot tell where one ends and the other begins.

Tell, though equivalent in some respects to speak and say, has not always the same application. We say, to tell this, that or what, to tell a story, to tell a word, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing; but we never say, to tell a speech, discourse or oration, or to tell an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands. Tell me the whole story; tell me all you know, or all that was said. Tell has frequently the sense of narrate; which speak and say have not.

Tell

TELL, verb intransitive To give an account; to make report.

Ã‚--That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. Psalm 26.

To tell of, or To tell on, to inform. You must not disobey; I will tell of you if you do.

This is a common popular use of the word. To tell on, is quite vulgar as well as improper.

Teller

TELL'ER, noun One that tells, relates or communicates the knowledge of something.

2. One who numbers.

3. In the exchequer of England, there are four officers called tellers, whose business is to receive all moneys due to the crown, and throw down a bill through a pipe into the tally-court, where it is received by the auditor's clerks, who write the words of the bill on a tally, and deliver it to be entered by the clerk of the pell. The tally is then split by the two deputy chamberlains, who have their seals, and while the senior deputy reads the one part, the junior examines the other with the other two clerks. [This word is supposed to be from tally, being in ancient records written tallier.]

Cyc.

4. An officer of a bank, who receives and pays money on checks.

Tellinite

TEL'LINITE, noun [from tellina, a genus of testaceous animals.]

Petrified or fossil shells of the genus Tellina.

Kirwan.

Tell-Tale

TELL'-TALE, adjective Telling tales; babbling.

Shak.

Tell-Tale

TELL'-TALE, noun [tell and tale.] One who officiously communicates information of the private concerns of individuals; one who tells that which prudence should suppress, and which if told, often does mischief among neighbors.

Milton. Shak.

2. A movable piece of ivory or lead on a chamber organ, that gives notice when the wind is exhausted.

Busby.

3. In seamanship, a small piece of wood, traversing in a groove across the front of the poop deck, and which, by communicating with a small barrel on the axis of the steering wheel, indicates the situation of the helm.

Mar. Dict.

Tellurate

TEL'LURATE, noun A compound of tellurium and a base.

Tellureted

TEL'LURETED, adjective Tellureted hydrogen is hydrogen combined with tellurium in a gaseous form.

Ure.

Tellurium

TELLU'RIUM, noun A metal recently discovered by Klaproth, combined with gold and silver in the ores, and received from the bannat of Temeswar. The ores are denominated native, graphic, yellow, and black. The native tellurium is of a color between tin and silver, and sometimes inclines to a steel gray. The graphic tellurium is steel gray; but sometimes white, yellow or lead gray. These ores are found massive or crystalized.

Cyc.

Temachis

TEM'ACHIS, noun [Greek, a piece.] A genus of fossils of the class of gypsums, softer than others, and of a bright glittering hue.

Cyc.

Temerarious

TEMERA'RIOUS, adjective [French temeraire; Latin temerarius; from the root of time, tempest, which see. The sense is rushing or advancing forward.]

1. Rash; headstrong; unreasonably adventurous; despising danger; as temerarious folly.

L'Estrange.

2. Careless; heedless; done at random; as the temerarious dash of an unguided pen.

[This word is not much used.]

Ray.

Temerariously

TEMERA'RIOUSLY, adverb Rashly; with excess of boldness.

Swift.

Temerity

TEMER'ITY, noun [Latin temeritas; properly a rushing forward.]

1. Rashness; unreasonable contempt of danger; as the temerity of a commander in war.

2. Extreme boldness.

The figures are bold even to temerity.

Cowley.

Temin

TEM'IN, noun A money of account in Algiers, equivalent to 2 carubes, or 29 aspers, about 34 cents, or 17d. sterling.

Cyc.

Temper

TEM'PER, verb transitive [Latin tempero, to mix or moderate; Italian temperare; Spanish templar, to temper, to soften or moderate, to anneal, as glass, to tune an instrument, to trim sails to the wind; French temperer, to temper, allay or abate; Welsh tymperu, to temper, to mollify; tym, space; tymp, enlargement, birth, season. The latter unites this word with time, the primary sense of which is to fall, to rush, and to temper may be primarily to restrain, to lay or allay, to cause to subside.]

1. To mix so that one part qualifies the other; to bring to a moderate state; as, to temper justice with mercy.

Milton.

2. To compound; to form by mixture; to qualify, as by an ingredient; or in general, to mix, unite or combine two or more things so as to reduce the excess of the qualities of either, and bring the whole to the desired consistence or state.

Thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy. Exodus 30.

3. To unite in due proportion; to render symmetrical; to adjust, as parts to each other.

God hath tempered the body together. 1 Corinthians 12.

4. To accommodate; to modify.

Thy sustenance serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking.

Wisdom.

5. To soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm; to reduce any violence or excess.

SolonÃ‚--labored to temper the warlike courages of the Athenians with sweet delights of learning.

Spenser.

Woman! nature made thee

To temper man; we had been brutes without you.

Otway.

6. To form to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel.

The temper'd metals clash, and yield a silver sound.

Dryden.

7. To govern; a Latinism. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

8. In music, to modify or amend a false or imperfect concord by transferring to it a part of the beauty of a perfect one, that is, by dividing the tones.

Cyc.

Temper

TEM'PER, noun Due mixture of different qualities; or the state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; as the temper of mortar.

2. Constitution of body. [In this sense we more generally use temperament.]

3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper. This is applicable to beasts as well as to man.

Remember with what mild

And gracious temper he both heard and judg'd.

Milton.

4. Calmness of mind; moderation.

Restore yourselves unto your tempers, fathers.

B. Jonson.

To fall with dignity, with temper rise.

Pope.

5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation. The boy showed a great deal of temper when I reproved him.

So we say, a man of violent temper, when we speak of his irritability. [This use of the word is common, though a deviation from its original and genuine meaning.]

6. The state of a metal, particularly as to its hardness; as the temper of iron or steel.

Sharp.

7. Middle course; mean or medium.

Swift.

8. In sugar works, white lime or other substance stirred into a clarifier filled with cane-juice, to neutralize the superabundant acid.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

Temperament

TEM'PERAMENT, noun [French from Latin temperamentum.]

1. Constitution; state with respect to the predominance of any quality; as the temperament of the body.

Bodies are denominated hot and cold, in proportion to the present temperament of that part of our body to which they are applied.

Locke.

2. Medium; due mixture of different qualities.

The common lawÃ‚--has reduced the kingdom to its just state and temperament.

Hale.

3. In music, temperament is an operation which, by means of a slight alteration in the intervals, causes the difference between two contiguous sounds to disappear, and makes each of them appear identical with the other.

Rousseau.

Temperament is the accommodation or adjustment of the imperfect sounds, by transferring a part of their defects to the more perfect ones, to remedy in part the false intervals of instruments of fixed sounds, as the organ, harpsichord, forte piano, &c.

Busby.

The harshness of a given concord increases with the temperament.

Prof. Fisher.

Temperamental

TEMPERAMENT'AL, adjective Constitutional. [Not much used.]

Brown.

Temperance

TEM'PERANCE, noun [French from Latin temperantia, from tempero.]

1. Moderation; particularly, habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; as temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the indulgence of joy or mirth. Temperance in eating and drinking is opposed to gluttony and drunkenness, and in other indulgences, to excess.

2. Patience; calmness; sedateness; moderation of passion.

He calm'd his wrath with goodly temperance. [Unusual.]

Spenser.

Temperate

TEM'PERATE, adjective [Latin temperatus.] Moderate; not excessive; as temperate heat; a temperate climate; temperate air.

Bacon.

2. Moderate in the indulgence of the appetites and passions; as temperate in eating and drinking; temperate in pleasures; temperate in speech.

Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy.

Franklin.

3. Cool; calm; not marked with passion; not violent; as a temperate discourse or address; temperate language.

4. Proceeding from temperance; as temperate sleep.

Pope.

5. Free from ardent passion.

She is not hot, but temperate as the morn.

Shak.

Temperate zone, the space on the earth between the tropics and the polar circles, where the heat is less than in the tropics, and the cold less than in the polar circles.

Temperately

TEM'PERATELY, adverb Moderately; without excess or extravagance.

2. Calmly; without violence of passion; as, to reprove one temperately.

3. With moderate force.

Winds that temperately blow.

Addison.

Temperateness

TEM'PERATENESS, noun Moderation; freedom from excess; as the temperateness of the weather or of a climate.

2. Calmness; coolness of mind.

Daniel.

Temperative

TEM'PERATIVE, adjective Having the power or quality of tempering.

Temperature

TEM'PERATURE, noun [French from Latin temperatura.]

1. In physics, the state of a body with regard to heat or cold, as indicated by the thermometer; or the degree of free caloric which a body possesses, when compared with other bodies. When a body applied to another, either excites the sensation of heat, or expands that body, we say it is of a higher temperature; that is, it possesses more free caloric. When it excites the sensation of cold, or contracts another body, it is said to be of a lower temperature. Thus we speak of the temperature of air, of water, of a climate, &c.; two countries of the same temperature.

2. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.

Memory depends upon the consistence and temperature of the brain.

Watts.

3. Moderation; freedom from immoderate passions.

In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth,

Most goodly temperature you may descry. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Tempered

TEM'PERED, participle passive Duly mixed or modified; reduced to a proper state; softened; allayed; hardened.

2. Adjusted by musical temperament.

3. adjective Disposed; as a well tempered, good tempered, or bad tempered man.

Tempering

TEM'PERING, participle of the present tense Mixing and qualifying; qualifying by mixture; softening; mollifying; reducing to a state of moderation; hardening.

Tempest

TEM'PEST, noun [French tempÃƒ-ªte; Latin tempestas; Spanish tempestad; Italian tempesta; from Latin tempus, time, season. The primary sense of tempus, time, is a falling, or that which falls, comes or happens, from some verb which signifies to fall or come suddenly, or rather to drive, to rush. Time is properly a coming, a season, that which presents itself, or is present. The sense of tempest, is from the sense of rushing or driving. See Temerity and Temerarious.]

1. An extensive current of wind, rushing with great velocity and violence; a storm of extreme violence. We usually apply the word to a steady wind of long continuance; but we say also of a tornado, it blew a tempest. The currents of wind are named, according to their respective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a gale, a storm, a tempest; but gale is also used as synonymous with storm, and storm with tempest. Gust is usually applied to a sudden blast of short duration. A tempest may or may not be attended with rain, snow or hail.

We, caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurl'd

Each on his rock transfix'dÃ‚--

Milton.

2. A violent tumult or commotion; as a popular or political tempest; the tempest of war.

3. Perturbation; violent agitation; as a tempest of the passions.

Tempest

TEM'PEST, verb transitive To disturb as by a tempest. [Little used.]

Milton.

Tempest-Beaten

TEM'PEST-BEATEN, adjective [tempest and beat.] Beaten or shattered with storms.

Dryden.

Tempestivity

TEMPESTIV'ITY, noun [Latin tempestivus.] Seasonableness. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Tempest-Tost

TEM'PEST-TOST, adjective [tempest and tost.] Tossed or driven about by tempests.

Shak.

Tempestuous

TEMPEST'UOUS, adjective [Spanish tempestuoso; Italian tempestoso; French tempÃƒ-ªtueux.]

1. Very stormy; turbulent; rough with wind; as tempestuous weather; a tempestuous night.

2. Blowing with violence; as a tempestuous wind.

Tempestuously

TEMPEST'UOUSLY, adverb With great violence of wind or great commotion; turbulently.

Milton.

Tempestuousness

TEMPEST'UOUSNESS, noun Storminess; the state of being tempestuous or disturbed by violent winds; as the tempestuousness of the winter or of weather.

Templar

TEM'PLAR, noun [from the Temple, a house near the Thames, which originally belonged to the knights Templars. The latter took their denomination from an apartment of the palace of Baldwin II. in Jerusalem, near the temple.]

1. A student of the law.

Pope.

2. Templars, knights of the Temple, a religious military order, first established at Jerusalem in favor of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. The order originated with some persons who, in 1118, devoted themselves to the service of God, promising to live in perpetual chastity, obedience and poverty, after the manner of canons. In 1228, this order was confirmed in the council of Troyes, and subjected to a rule of discipline. It flourished, became immensely rich, and its members became so insolent and vicious, that the order was suppressed by the council of Vienne, in 1312.

Cyc.

Temple

TEM'PLE, noun [French; Latin templum; Italian tempio; Spanish templo; Welsh temyl, temple, that is extended, a seat; temlu, to form a seat, expanse or temple; Gaelic, teampul.]

1. A public edifice erected in honor of some deity. Among pagans, a building erected to some pretended deity, and in which the people assembled to worship. Originally, temples were open places, as the Stone-henge in England. In Rome, some of the temples were open, and called sacella; others were roofed, and called oedes. The most celebrated of the ancient pagan temples were that of Belus in Babylon, that of Vulcan at Memphis, that of Jupiter at Thebes, that of Diana at Ephesus, that of Apollo in Miletus, that of Jupiter Olympius in Athens, and that of Apollo at Delphi. The most celebrated and magnificent temple erected to the true God, was that built by Solomon in Jerusalem.

In Scripture, the tabernacle is sometimes called by this name. 1 Samuel 1.Ã‚--iii.

2. A church; an edifice erected among christians as a place of public worship.

Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God, enter with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by prayer?

Buckminster.

3. A place in which the divine presence specially resides; the church as a collective body. Ephesians 2.

4. In England, the Temples are two inns of court, thus called because anciently the dwellings of the knights Templars. They are called the Inner and the Middle Temple.

Temple

TEM'PLE, noun [Latin tempus, tempora. The primary sense of the root of this word is to fall. See Time.]

1. Literally, the fall of the head; the part where the head slopes from the top.

2. In anatomy, the anterior and lateral part of the head, where the skull is covered by the temporal muscles.

Cyc.

Temple

TEM'PLE, verb transitive To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to. [Little used.]

Feltham.

Templet

TEM'PLET, noun A piece of timber in a building; as a templet under a girder.

Moxon.

Temporal

TEM'PORAL, adjective [French temporel; from Latin temporalis, from tempus, time.]

1. Pertaining to this life or this world or the body only; secular; as temporal concerns; temporal affairs. In this sense, it is opposed to spiritual. Let not temporal affairs or employments divert the mind from spiritual concerns, which are far more important.

In this sense also it is opposed to ecclesiastical; as temporal power, that is, secular, civil or political power; temporal courts, those which take cognizance of civil suits. Temporal jurisdiction is that which regards civil and political affairs.

2. Measured or limited by time, or by this life or this state of things; having limited existence; opposed to eternal.

The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal. 2 Corinthians 4.

3. In grammar, relating to a tense; as a temporal augment.

4. [French temporal.] Pertaining to the temple or temples of the head; as the temporal bone; a temporal artery or vein; temporal muscle.

Temporalities

TEMPORAL'ITIES, or TEM'PORALS, noun Secular possessions; revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tenements, or lay-fees, tithes and the like. It is opposed to spiritualities.

Bacon.

Temporally

TEM'PORALLY, adverb With respect to time or this life only.

South.

Temporalness

TEM'PORALNESS, noun Worldliness. [Not used.]

Temporalty

TEM'PORALTY, noun The laity; secular people. [Little used.]

2. Secular possessions. [See Temporalities.]

Temporaneous

TEMPORA'NEOUS, adjective Temporary. [Little used.]

Temporarily

TEM'PORARILY, adverb For a time only; not perpetually.

Temporariness

TEM'PORARINESS, noun [from temporary.] The state of being temporary; opposed to perpetuity.

Temporary

TEM'PORARY, adjective [Latin temporarius.] Lasting for a time only; existing or continuing for a limited time; as, the patient has obtained temporary relief. There is a temporary cessation of hostilities. There is a temporary supply of provisions. In times of great danger, Rome appointed a temporary dictator.

Temporization

TEMPORIZA'TION, noun The act of temporizing.

Temporize

TEM'PORIZE, verb intransitive [French temporiser; from Latin tempus, time.]

1. To comply with the time or occasion; to humor or yield to the current of opinion or to circumstances; a conduct that often indicates obsequiousness.

They might their grievance inwardly complain,

But outwardly they needs must temporize.

Daniel.

2. To delay; to procrastinate.

Well, you will temporize with the hours. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. To comply. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Temporizer

TEM'PORIZER, noun One who yields to the time, or complies with the prevailing opinions, fashions or occasions; a trimmer.

Shak.

Temporizing

TEM'PORIZING, participle of the present tense Complying with the time, or with the prevailing humors and opinions of men; time-serving.

Tempt

TEMPT, verb transitive [Armoric tempti; Latin tento; French tenter; Italian tentare; Spanish tentar. It is from the root of Latin teneo, Greek, and the primary sense is to strain, urge, press.]

1. To incite or solicit to an evil act; to entice to something wrong by presenting arguments that are plausible or convincing, or by the offer of some pleasure or apparent advantage as the inducement.

My lady Gray tempts him to this harsh extremity.

Shak.

Every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust and enticed. James 1.

2. To provoke; to incite.

Tempt not the brave and needy to despair.

Dryden.

3. To solicit; to draw; without the notion of evil.

Still his strength conceal'd,

Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall.

Milton.

4. To try; to venture on; to attempt.

E'er leave be giv'n to tempt the nether skies.

Dryden.

5. In Scripture, to try; to prove; to put to trial for proof.

God did tempt Abraham. Genesis 22.

Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God. Deuteronomy 6.

Temptable

TEMPT'ABLE, adjective Liable to be tempted.

Swift.

Temptation

TEMPTA'TION, noun The act of tempting; enticement to evil by arguments, by flattery, or by the offer of some real or apparent good.

When the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season. Luke 4.

2. Solicitation of the passions; enticements to evil proceeding from the prospect of pleasure or advantage.

3. The state of being tempted or enticed to evil. When by human weakness you are led into temptation, resort to prayer for relief.

4. Trial.

Lead us not into temptation.

Lord's Prayer.

5. That which is presented to the mind as an inducement to evil.

Dare to be great without a guilty crown,

View it, and lay the bright temptation down.

Dryden.

6. In colloquial language, an allurement to any thing indifferent, or even good.

Tempted

TEMPT'ED, participle passive Enticed to evil; provoked; tried.

Tempter

TEMPT'ER, noun One that solicits or entices to evil.

Those who are bent to do wickedly, will never want tempters to urge them on.

Tillotson.

2. The great adversary of man; the devil. Matthew 4.

Tempting

TEMPT'ING, participle of the present tense Enticing to evil; trying.

2. adjective Adapted to entice or allure; attractive; as tempting pleasures.

Temptingly

TEMPT'INGLY, adverb In a manner to entice to evil; so as to allure.

Temptress

TEMPT'RESS, noun A female who entices.

Temsebread

TEMSEBREAD, or TEM'SED-BREAD, noun [French tamiser, Italian tamisare, tamigiare, to sift; French tamis, Italian tamiso, tamigio, a sieve.]

Bread made of flour better sifted than common flour. [I know not where this word is used.]

Johnson.

Temulence

TEM'ULENCE, or TEM'ULENCY, noun [Latin temulentia.] Intoxication; inebriation; drunkenness. [Not used.]

Temulent

TEM'ULENT, adjective [Latin temulentus.] Intoxicated. [Not in use.]

Temulentive

TEM'ULENTIVE, adjective Drunken; in a state of inebriation. [Not in use.]

Ten

TEN, adjective [Saxon tyn; Dutch tien; German zehn; Danish tie; Swedish tio. I suppose this word to be contracted from the Gothic tiguns, ten, from tig, ten. If so, this is the Greek, Latin decem, Welsh deg, Gaelic, deich, French dix, Italian dieci, Spanish diez.]

1. Twice five; nine and one.

With twice ten sail I cross'd the Phrygian sea.

Dryden.

2. It is a kind of proverbial number.

There's a proud modesty in merit,

Averse to begging, and resolv'd to pay

Ten times the gift it asks.

Dryden.

The meaning in this use is, a great deal more, indefinitely.

Tenable

TEN'ABLE, adjective [French from Latin teneo, to hold. See Tenant.]

That may be held, maintained or defended against an assailant, or against attempts to take it; as a tenable fortress. The works were not deemed tenable. The ground taken in the argument is not tenable.

Tenacious

TENA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin tenax, from teneo, to hold; French tenace.]

1. Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain what is in possession; as men tenacious of their just rights. Men are usually tenacious of their opinions, as well as of their property.

Locke. Arbuthnot.

2. Retentive; apt to retain long what is committed to it; as a tenacious memory.

Locke.

3. Adhesive; apt to adhere to another substance; as oily, glutinous or viscous matter. Few substances are so tenacious as tar.

4. Niggardly; close fisted.

Ainsworth.

Tenaciously

TENA'CIOUSLY, adverb With a disposition to hold fast what is possessed.

2. Adhesively.

3. Obstinately; with firm adherence.

Tenaciousness

TENA'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of holding fast; unwillingness to quit, resign or let go; as a man's tenaciousness of his rights or opinions.

2. Adhesiveness; stickiness; as the tenaciousness of clay or glue.

3. Retentiveness; as the tenaciousness of memory.

Tenacity

TENAC'ITY, noun [French tenacitÃƒ-©; Latin tenacitas, from teneo, to hold.]

1. Adhesiveness; that quality of bodies which makes them stick or adhere to others; glutinousness; stickiness; as the tenacity of oils, of glue, of tar, of starch and the like.

2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting, without considerable force; cohesiveness; the effect of attraction; opposed to brittleness or fragility.

Cyc.

Tenacy

TEN'ACY, noun Tenaciousness. [Not in use.]

Barrow.

Tenail

TENA'IL, noun [French tenaille, from tenir, Latin teneo, to hold.]

In fortification, an outwork consisting of two parallel sides with a front, in which is a re-entering angle. It is simple or double.

Cyc.

Tenaillon

TEN'AILLON, noun In fortification, tenaillons are works constructed on each side of the ravelins, like the lunets, but differing in this, that one of the faces of the tenaillon is in the direction of the ravelin, whereas that of the lunet is perpendicular to it.

Cyc.

Tenancy

TEN'ANCY, noun [Spanish tenencia; French tenant, Latin tenens.]

In law, a holding or possession of lands or tenements; tenure; as tenancy in fee simple; tenancy in tail; tenancy by the curtesy; tenancy at will. Tenancy in common happens where there is a unity of possession merely.

Blackstone.

Tenant

TEN'ANT, noun [French tenant, from tenir, to hold, Latin teneo; Greek, to strain, stretch, extend; Welsh tannu, to stretch; tynu, to pull; tyn, a stretch; ten, drawn; Italian tenere, Spanish tener, to hold.]

1. A person holding land or other real estate under another, either by grant, lease or at will; one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or tenements whose title is in another; as a tenant in tail; tenant in common; tenant by the curtesy; tenant in parcenary; tenant for life; tenant at will; tenant in dower.

2. One who has possession of any place; a dweller.

The happy tenant of your shade.

Cowley.

Tenant in capite, or tenant in chief, by the laws of England, is one who holds immediately of the king. According to the feudal system, all lands in England are considered as held immediately or mediately of the king, who is stiled lord paramount. Such tenants however are considered as having the fee of the lands and permanent possession.

Blackstone.

Tenant

TEN'ANT, verb transitive To hold or possess as a tenant.

Sir Roger's estate is tenanted by persons who have served him or his ancestors.

Addison.

Tenantable

TEN'ANTABLE, adjective Fit to be rented; in a state of repair suitable for a tenant.

Tenanted

TEN'ANTED, participle passive Held by a tenant.

Tenanting

TEN'ANTING, participle of the present tense Holding as a tenant.

Tenantless

TEN'ANTLESS, adjective Having no tenant; unoccupied; as a tenantless mansion.

Thodey.

Tenantry

TEN'ANTRY, noun The body of tenants; as the tenantry of a manor or a kingdom.

Paley.

2. Tenancy. [Not in use.]

Ridley.

Tench

TENCH, noun [French tenche; Spanish tenca; Latin tinca.] A fish of the genus Cyprinus, found in ponds and rivers.

Tend

TEND, verb transitive [contracted from attend, Latin attendo; ad and tendo, to stretch, Welsh tannu. Attention denotes a straining of the mind.]

1. To watch; to guard; to accompany as an assistant or protector.

And flaming ministers to watch and tend

Their earthly chargeÃ‚--

Milton.

There is a pleasure in that simplicity, in beholding princes tending their flocks.

Pope.

2. To hold and take care of; as, to tend a child.

3. To be attentive to.

Unsuck'd of lamb or kid that tend their play.

Milton.

Tend

TEND, verb intransitive [Latin tendo; French tendre; Italian tendere; formed on Latin teneo, Greek.]

1. To move in a certain direction.

Having overheard two gentlemen tending towards that sightÃ‚--

Wotton.

Here Dardanus was born, and hither tends.

Dryden.

2. To be directed to any end or purpose; to aim at; to have or give a leaning.

The laws of our religion tend to the universal happiness of mankind.

Tillotson.

3. To contribute. Our petitions, if granted, might tend to our destruction.

Hammond.

4. [for attend.] To attend; to wait as attendants or servants.

He tends upon my father.

Shak.

[Colloquial.]

5. To attend as something inseparable. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. To wait; to expect. [Not in use.]

Shak.

7. To swing round an anchor, as a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Tendance

TEND'ANCE, noun Attendance; state of expectation.

2. Persons attending.

Shak.

3. Act of waiting; attendance.

Shak.

4. Care; act of tending.

Milton.

[This word is entirely obsolete in all its senses. We now use attendance.]

Tended

TEND'ED, participle passive Attended; taken care of; nursed; as an infant, or a sick person.

Tendency

TEND'ENCY, noun [from tend; Latin tendens, tending.]

Drift; direction or course towards any place, object, effect or result. Read such books only as have a good moral tendency. Mild language has a tendency to allay irritation.

Writings of this kind, if conducted with candor, have a more particular tendency to the good of their country.

Addison.

Tender

TEND'ER, noun [from tend.] One that attends or takes care of; a nurse.

2. A small vessel employed to attend a larger one for supplying her with provisions and other stores, or to convey intelligence and the like.

Mar. Dict.

3. [French tendre, to reach.] In law, an offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture which would be incurred by non-payment or non-performance; as the tender of rent due, or of the amount of a note or bond with interest. To constitute a legal tender, such money must be offered as the law prescribes; the offer of bank notes is not a legal tender. So also the tender must be at the time and place where the rent or debt ought to be paid, and it must be to the full amount due.

There is also a tender of issue in pleadings, a tender of an oath, &c.

4. Any offer for acceptance. The gentleman made me a tender of his services.

5. The thing offered. This money is not a legal tender.

6. Regard; kind concern. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tender

TEND'ER, verb transitive [French tendre, to reach or stretch out; Latin tendo.]

1. To offer in words; or to exhibit or present for acceptance.

All conditions, all minds tender down

Their service to lord Timon.

Shak.

2. To hold; to esteem.

Tender yourself more dearly.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

3. To offer in payment or satisfaction of a demand, for saving a penalty or forfeiture; as, to tender the amount of rent or debt.

Tender

TEN'DER, adjective [French tendre; Italian tenero; Portugese tÃƒ-ªnro; Irish Gaelic, tin; Welsh tyner; Latin tener; allied probably to thin, Latin tenuis, Welsh tenau; Arabic wadana, to be soft or thin. Class Dn. No 12. and see No. 25.]

1. Soft; easily impressed, broken, bruised or injured; not firm or hard; as tender plants; tender flesh; tender grapes. Deuteronomy 32. Cant. ii.

2. Very sensible to impression and pain; easily pained.

Our bodies are not naturally more tender than our faces.

L'Estrange.

3. Delicate; effeminate; not hardy or able to endure hardship.

The tender and delicate woman among you. Deuteronomy 28.

4. Weak; feeble; as tender age. Genesis 33.

5. Young and carefully educated. Proverbs 4.

6. Susceptible of the softer passions, as love, compassion, kindness; compassionate; pitiful; easily affected by the distresses of another, or anxious for another's good; as the tender kindness of the church; a tender heart.

7. Compassionate; easily excited to pity, forgiveness or favor.

The Lord is pitiful, and of tender mercy. James 5. Luke 1.

8. Exciting kind concern.

I love Valentine;

His life's as tender to me as his soul.

Shak.

9. Expressive of the softer passions; as a tender strain.

10. Careful to save inviolate, or not to injure; with of. Be tender of your neighbor's reputation.

The civil authority should be tender of the honor of God and religion.

Tillotson.

11. Gentle; mild; unwilling to pain.

You that are so tender o'er his follies,

Will never do him good.

Shak.

12. Apt to give pain; as, that is a tender subject; things that are tender and unpleasing.

Bacon.

13. Adapted to excite feeling or sympathy; pathetic; as tender expressions; tender expostulations.

Tendered

TEND'ERED, participle passive Offered for acceptance.

Tender-Hearted

TEN'DER-HE`ARTED, adjective [tender and heart.]

1. Having great sensibility; susceptible of impressions or influence.

Ã‚--When Rehoboam was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them. 2 Chronicles 13.

2. Very susceptible of the softer passions of love, pity or kindness.

Be ye kind one to another, and tender-hearted. Ephesians 4.

Tender-Heartedness

TENDER-HE`ARTEDNESS, noun Susceptibility of the softer passions.

Tendering

TEND'ERING, participle of the present tense Offering for acceptance.

Tenderling

TEN'DERLING, noun A fondling; one made tender by too much kindness.

2. The first horns of a deer.

Tenderloin

TEN'DERLOIN, noun A tender part of flesh in the hind quarter of beef.

Tenderly

TEN'DERLY, adverb With tenderness; mildly; gently; softly; in a manner not to injure or give pain.

Brutus tenderly reproves.

Pope.

2. Kindly; with pity or affection.

Tenderness

TEN'DERNESS, noun The state of being tender or easily broken, bruised or injured; softness; brittleness; as the tenderness of a thread; the tenderness of flesh.

2. The state of being easily hurt; soreness; as the tenderness of flesh when bruised or inflamed.

3. Susceptibility of the softer passions; sensibility.

Well we know your tenderness of heart.

Shak.

4. Kind attention; anxiety for the good of another, or to save him from pain.

Bacon.

5. Scrupulousness; caution; extreme care or concern not to give or to commit offense; as tenderness of conscience.

South.

6. Cautions care to preserve or not to injure; as a tenderness of reputation.

Gov. of the Tongue.

7. Softness of expression; pathos.

Tending

TEND'ING, participle of the present tense Having a certain direction; taking care of.

Tending

TEND'ING, noun In seaman's language, a swinging round or movement of a ship upon her anchor.

Tendinous

TEN'DINOUS, adjective [French tendineux; Italian tendinoso; from Latin tendines, tendons, from tendo, to stretch.]

1. Pertaining to a tendon; partaking of the nature of tendons.

2. Full of tendons; sinewy; as nervous and tendinous parts.

Wiseman.

Tendment

TEND'MENT, noun Attendance; care. Obs.

Hall.

Tendon

TEN'DON, noun [Latin tendo; Greek; from, Latin teneo, tendo.]

In anatomy, a hard insensible cord or bundle of fibers, by which a muscle is attached to a bone.

Tendrac

TEN'DRAC, noun An animal of the hedgehog kind, found in the E. Indies.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Tendril

TEN'DRIL, noun [French tendron, from tenir, to hold.]

A clasp or clasper of a vine or other climbing or creeping plant; a filiform spiral shoot, that winds round another body. Tendrils or claspers are given to plants that have weak stalks.

Ray.

They are also given to creeping vines which require support on the earth.

Tendril

TEN'DRIL, adjective Clasping; climbing; as a tendril.

Dyer.

Tenebrous

TEN'EBROUS, or TENE'BRIOUS, adjective [Latin tenebrosus, from tenebroe, darkness.] Dark; gloomy.

Young.

Tenebrousness

TENE'BROUSNESS, or TENEBROS'ITY, noun Darkness; gloom.

Tenement

TEN'EMENT, noun [French; Low Latin tenementum, from teneo, to hold.]

1. In common acceptation, a house; a building for a habitation; or an apartment in a building, used by one family.

2. A house or lands depending on a manor; or a fee farm depending on a superior.

Cyc.

3. In law, any species of permanent property that may be held, as land, houses, rents, commons, an office, an advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, &c. These are called free or frank tenements.

The thing held is a tenement, and the possessor of it a tenant, and the manner of possession is called tenure.

Blackstone.

Tenemental

TENEMENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to tenanted lands; that is or may be held by tenants.

Tenemental lands they distributed among their tenants.

Blackstone.

Tenementary

TENEMENT'ARY, adjective That is or may be leased; held by tenants.

Spelman.

Tenerity

TENER'ITY, noun Tenderness. [Not in use.]

Tenesmus

TENES'MUS, noun [Latin literally a straining or stretching.]

A painful, ineffectual and repeated effort, or a continual and urgent desire to go to stool.

Coxe. Cyc.

Tenet

TEN'ET, noun [Latin tenet, he holds.] Any opinion, principle, dogma or doctrine which a person believes or maintains as true; as the tenets of Plato or of Cicero. The tenets of christians are adopted from the Scriptures; but different interpretations give rise to a great diversity of tenets.

Tenfold

TEN'FOLD, adjective [ten and fold.] Ten times more.

Fire kindled into tenfold rage.

Milton.

Tennantite

TEN'NANTITE, noun [from Tennant.] A subspecies of gray copper; a mineral of a lead color, or iron black, massive or crystalized, found in Cornwall, England.

Ure.

Tennis

TEN'NIS, noun [If this word is from Latin teneo, French tenir, it must be from the sense of holding on, continuing to keep in motion.]

A play in which a ball is driven continually or kept in motion by rackets.

Tennis

TEN'NIS, verb transitive To drive a ball.

Spenser.

Tenon

TEN'ON, noun [French from tenir, Latin teneo, to hold.]

In building and cabinet work, the end of a piece of timber, which is fitted to a mortise for insertion, or inserted, for fastening two pieces of timber together. The form of a tenon is various, as square, dovetailed, &c.

Tenor

TEN'OR, noun [Latin tenor, from teneo, to hold; that is, a holding on in a continued course; French teneur; Italian tenore; Spanish tenor.]

1. Continued run or currency; whole course or strain. We understand a speaker's intention or views from the tenor of his conversation, that is, from the general course of his ideas, or general purport of his speech.

Does not the whole tenor of the divine law positively require humility and meekness to all men?

Sprat.

2. Stamp; character. The conversation was of the same tenor as that of the preceding day.

This success would look like chance, if it were not perpetual and always of the same tenor.

Dryden.

3. Sense contained; purport; substance; general course or drift; as close attention to the tenor of the discourse. Warrants are to be executed according to their form and tenor.

Locke.

Bid me tear the bond.

Ã‚--When it is paid according to the tenor.

Shak.

4. [French tenor.] In music, the natural pitch of a man's voice in singing; hence, the part of a tune adapted to a man's voice, the second of the four parts, reckoning from the base; and originally the air, to which the other parts were auxiliary.

5. The persons who sing the tenor, or the instrument that plays it.

Tense

TENSE, a. tens. [Latin tensus, from tendo, to stretch.]

Stretched; strained to stiffness; rigid; not lax; as a tense fiber.

For the free passage of the sound into the ear, it is requisite that the tympanum be tense.

Holder.

Tense

TENSE, n. tens. [corrupted from French temps, Latin tempus.]

In grammar, time, or a particular form of a verb, or a combination of words, used to express the time of action, or of that which is affirmed; or tense is an inflection of verbs by which they are made to signify or distinguish the time of actions or events.

The primary simple tenses are three; those which express time past, present, and future; but these admit of modifications, which differ in different languages. The English language is rich in tenses, beyond any other language in Europe.

Tenseness

TENSENESS, n. tens'ness. The state of being tense or stretched to stiffness; stiffness; opposed to laxness; as the tenseness of a string or fiber; tenseness of the skin.

Sharp.

Tensible

TENS'IBLE, adjective Capable of being extended.

Bacon.

Tensile

TENS'ILE, adjective Capable of extension.

Bacon.

Tension

TEN'SION, noun [French from Latin tensio, tendo.]

1. The act of stretching or straining; as the tension of the muscles.

2. The state of being stretched or strained to stiffness; or the state of being bent or strained; as, different degrees of tension in chords give different sounds; the greater the tension, the more acute the sound.

3. Distension.

Tensive

TENS'IVE, adjective Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness or contraction; as a tensive pain.

Floyer.

Tensor

TENS'OR, noun In anatomy, a muscle that extends or stretches a part.

Tensure

TENSURE, the same as tension, and not used.

Bacon.

Tent

TENT, noun [Welsh tent, from ten, tyn, stretched; French tente; Spanish tienda; Latin tentorium, from tendo, to stretch.]

1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of canvas or other coarse cloth, stretched and sustained by poles; used for sheltering persons from the weather, particularly soldiers in camp. The wandering Arabs and Tartars lodge in tents. The Israelites lodged in tents forty years, while they were in the desert.

2. In surgery, a roll of lint or linen, used to dilate an opening in the flesh, or to prevent the healing of an opening from which matter or other fluid is discharged.

Cyc.

Tent

TENT, noun [Spanish tinto, deep colored, from Latin tinctus.]

A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga in Spain.

Tent

TENT, verb intransitive To lodge as in a tent; to tabernacle.

Shak.

Tent

TENT, verb transitive To probe; to search as with a tent; as, to tent a wound.

I'll tent him to the quick.

Shak.

2. To keep open with a tent.

Wiseman.

Tentacle

TEN'TACLE, noun [Tech. Latin tentacula.] A filiform process or organ, simple or branched, on the bodies of various animals of the Linnean class Vermes, and of Cuvier's Mollusca, Annelides, Echinodermata, Actinia, Medusae, Polypi, &c. either an organ of feeling, prehension or motion, sometimes round the mouth, sometimes on other parts of the body.

Tentage

TENT'AGE, noun An encampment. [Unusual.]

Drayton.

Tentation

TENTA'TION, noun [French from Latin tentatio; tento, to try.] Trial; temptation. [Little used.]

Brown.

Tentative

TENT'ATIVE, adjective [French] Trying; essaying.

Tentative

TENT'ATIVE, noun An essay; trial.

Berkeley.

Tented

TENT'ED, adjective Covered or furnished with tents; as soldiers.

2. Covered with tents; as a tented field.

Tenter

TENT'ER, noun [Latin tendo, tentus, to stretch.]

A hook for stretching cloth on a frame.

To be on the tenters, to be on the stretch; to be in distress, uneasiness or suspense.

Hudibras.

Tenter

TENT'ER, verb transitive To hang or stretch on tenters.

Bacon.

Tenter

TENT'ER, verb intransitive To admit extension.

Woolen cloths will tenter.

Bacon.

Tentered

TENT'ERED, participle passive Stretched or hanging on tenters.

Tenter-Ground

TENT'ER-GROUND, noun Ground on which tenters are erected.

Tentering

TEN'TERING, participle of the present tense Stretching or hanging on tenters.

Tenth

TENTH, adjective [from ten.] The ordinal of ten; the first after the ninth.

Tenth

TENTH, noun The tenth part.

2. Tithe; the tenth part of annual produce or increase. The tenth of income is payable to the clergy in England, as it was to the priests among the Israelites.

3. In music, the octave of the third; an interval comprehending nine conjoint degrees, or ten sounds, diatonically divided.

Busby.

Tenthly

TENTH'LY, adverb In the tenth place.

Tentiginous

TENTIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin tentigo, a stretching.] Stiff; stretched. [Not in use.]

Dict.

Tentory

TENT'ORY, noun [Latin tentorium.] The awning of a tent.

Evelyn.

Tentwort

TENT'WORT, noun [tent and wort.] A plant of the genus Asplenium.

Tenuifolious

TENUIFO'LIOUS, adjective [Latin tenuis and folium.] Having thin or narrow leaves.

Tenuity

TENU'ITY, noun [French tenuitÃƒ-©; Latin tenuitas, from tenuis, thin. See Thin.]

1. Thinness, smallness in diameter; exility; thinness, applied to a broad substance, and slenderness, applied to one that is long; as the tenuity of paper or of a leaf; the tenuity of a hair or filament.

2. Rarity; rareness; thinness; as of a fluid; as the tenuity of the air in the higher regions of the atmosphere; the tenuity of the blood.

Bacon.

3. Poverty. [Not in use.]

K. Charles.

Tenuous

TEN'UOUS, adjective [Latin tenuis.] Thin; small; minute.

Brown.

2. Rare.

Tenure

TEN'URE, noun [French from tenir, Latin teneo, to hold.]

1. A holding. In English law, the manner of holding lands and tenements of a superior. All the species of ancient tenures may be reduced to four, three of which subsist to this day. 1. Tenure by knight service, which was the most honorable. This is now abolished. 2. Tenure in free socage, or by a certain and determinate service, which is either free and honorable, or villein and base. 3. Tenure by copy of court roll, or copyhold tenure. 4. Tenure in ancient demain. There was also tenure in frankalmoign, or free alms. The tenure in free and common socage has absorbed most of the others.

Blackstone.

In the United States, almost all lands are held in fee simple; not of a superior, but the whole right and title to the property being vested in the owner.

Tenure in general, then, is the particular manner of holding real estate, as by exclusive title or ownership, by fee simple, by fee tail, by curtesy, in dower, by copyhold, by lease, at will, &c.

2. The consideration, condition or service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or superior for the use of his land.

3. Manner of holding in general. In absolute governments, men hold their rights by a precarious tenure.

Tepefaction

TEPEFAC'TION, noun [Latin tepefacio; tepidus, warm, and facio, to make.]

The act or operation of warming, making tepid or moderately warm.

Tepefy

TEP'EFY, verb transitive [Latin tepefacio.] To make moderately warm.

Goldsmith.

Tepefy

TEP'EFY, verb intransitive To become moderately warm.

Tepid

TEP'ID, adjective [Latin tepidus, from tepeo, to be warm; Russian toplyu.]

Moderately warm; lukewarm; as a tepid bath; tepid rays; tepid vapors.

Tepid mineral waters, are such as have less sensible cold than common water.

Cyc.

Tepidness

TEP'IDNESS, noun Moderate warmth; lukewarmness.

Rambler.

Tepor

TE'POR, noun [Latin] Gentle heat; moderate warmth.

Arbuthnot.

Teraphim

TER'APHIM, noun [Hebrew] Household deities or images.

Teratology

TERATOL'OGY, noun [Greek, a prodigy, and, discourse.]

Bombast in language; affectation of sublimity. [Not used.]

Bailey.

Terce

TERCE, n. ters. [Spanish tercia; French tiers, tierce, a third.]

A cask whose contents are 42 gallons, the third of a pipe or butt.

Tercel

TER'CEL, noun The male of the common falcon (Falco peregrinus.)

Ed. Encyc.

Terce-Major

TERCE-MAJOR, noun A sequence of the three best cards.

Terebinth

TER'EBINTH, noun [French terebinthe; Greek.] The turpentine tree.

Spenser.

Terebinthinate

TEREBIN'THINATE, adjective Terebinthine; impregnated with the qualities of turpentine.

Ramsay.

Terebinthine

TEREBIN'THINE, adjective [Latin terebinthinus, from terebinthina, turpentine.]

Pertaining to turpentine; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its qualities.

Terebrate

TER'EBRATE, verb transitive [Latin terebro, tero.] To bore; to perforate with a gimlet. [Little used.]

Derham.

Terebration

TEREBRA'TION, noun The act of boring. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Terebratulite

TEREBRAT'ULITE, noun Fossil terebratula, a kind of shell.

Teredo

TERE'DO, noun [Latin from tero, to wear.] A worm that bores and penetrates the bottom of ships; or rather a genus of worms, so called.

Terek

TER'EK, noun A water fowl with long legs.

Teret

TER'ET, or TERE'TE, adjective [Latin teres.] Round and tapering; columnar; as the stem of a plant.

Martyn.

Tergeminal

TERGEM'INAL, or TERGEM'INATE, adjective [Latin tergeminus.] Thrice double; as a tergeminate leaf.

Martyn.

Tergeminous

TERGEM'INOUS, adjective [supra.] Threefold.

Tergifetous

TERGIF'ETOUS, a. Tergifetous plants, are such as bear their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns.

Cyc.

Tergiversate

TER'GIVERSATE, verb intransitive [Latin tergum, the back, and verto, to turn.] To shift; to practice evasion. [Little used.]

Bailey.

Tergiversation

TERGIVERSA'TION, noun A shifting; shift; subterfuge; evasion.

Writing is to be preferred before verbal conferences, as being more free from passion and tergiversation.

Bramhall.

2. Change; fickleness of conduct.

The colonel, after all his tergiversation, lost his life in the king's service.

Clarendon.

Term

TERM, noun [Greek; French terme; Italian termine; Spanish termino; Latin terminus, a limit or boundary; Welsh terv, tervyn, from terv, extreme.]

1. A limit; a bound or boundary; the extremity of any thing; that which limits its extent.

Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms or boundaries.

Bacon.

2. The time for which any thing lasts; any limited time; as the term of five years; the term of life.

3. In geometry, a point or line that limits. A line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.

4. In law, the limitation of an estate; or rather the whole time or duration of an estate; as a lease for the term of life, for the term of three lives, for the term of twenty one years.

5. In law, the time in which a court is held or open for the trial of causes. In England, there are four terms in the year; Hilary term, from January 23d to February 12th; Easter term, from Wednesday, fortnight after Easter, to the Monday next after Ascension day; Trinity Sunday to the Wednesday, fortnight after; and Michaelmas term, from November 6th to the 28th. These terms are observed by the courts of king's bench, the common pleas and exchequer, but not by the parliament, the chancery or by inferior courts. The rest of the year is called vacation. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the tribunals of justice, are prescribed by the statutes of congress and of the several states.

6. In universities and colleges, the time during which instruction is regularly given to students, who are obliged by the statutes and laws of the institution to attend to the recitations, lectures and other exercises.

7. In grammar, a word or expression; that which fixes or determines ideas.

In painting, the greatest beauties cannot be always expressed for want of terms.

Dryden.

8. In the arts, a word or expression that denotes something peculiar to an art; as a technical term.

9. In logic, a syllogism consists of three terms, the major, the minor, and the middle. The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term, because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called the extremes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the following syllogism.

Every vegetable is combustible;

Every tree is a vegetable;

Therefore every tree is combustible.

Combustible is the predicate of the conclusion, or the major term; every tree is the minor term; vegetable is the middle term.

Hedge's Logic.

10. In architecture, a kind of statues or columns adorned on the top with the figure of a head, either of a man, woman or satyr. Terms are sometimes used as consoles, and sustain entablatures; and sometimes as statues to adorn gardens.

Cyc.

11. Among the ancients, terms, termini miliares, were the heads of certain divinities placed on square land-marks of stone, to mark the several stadia on roads. These were dedicated to Mercury, who was supposed to preside over highways.

Cyc.

12. In algebra, a member of a compound quantity; as a, in a+b; or ab, in ab+cd.

Day.

13. Among physicians, the monthly courses of females are called terms.

Bailey.

14. In contracts, terms, in the plural, are conditions; propositions stated or promises made, which when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties. A engages to build a house for B for a specific sum of money, in a given time; these are his terms. When B promises to give to A that sum for building the house, he has agreed to the terms; the contract is completed and binding upon both parties.

Terms of proportion, in mathematics, are such numbers, letters or quantities as are compared one with another.

To make terms, to come to an agreement.

To come to terms, to agree; to come to an agreement.

To bring to terms, to reduce to submission or to conditions.

Term

TERM, verb transitive To name; to call; to denominate.

Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe, imaginary space.

Locke.

Termagancy

TER'MAGANCY, noun [from termagant.]

Turbulence; tumultuousness; as a violent termagancy of temper.

Baker.

Termagant

TER'MAGANT, adjective [In Saxon tir or tyr is a deity, Mars or Mercury, and a prince or lord. As a prefix, it augments the sense of words, and is equivalent to chief or very great. The Saxon magan, may, is a verb denoting to be able, to prevail; from the sense of straining, striving or driving. Qu. the root of stir.]

Tumultuous; turbulent; boisterous or furious; quarrelsome; scolding.

The eldest was a termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench.

Arbuthnot.

Termagant

TER'MAGANT, noun A boisterous, brawling, turbulent woman. It seems in Shakspeare to have been used of men. In ancient farces and puppet-shows, termagant was a vociferous, tumultuous deity.

She threw his periwig into the fire. Well, said he, thou art a brave termagant.

Tatler.

The sprites of fiery termagants in flameÃ‚--

Pope.

Termed

TERM'ED, participle passive Called; denominated.

Termer

TERM'ER, noun One who travels to attend a court term.

Spenser.

Termer

TERM'ER, or TERM'OR, noun One who has an estate for a term of years or life.

Blackstone.

Term-Fee

TERM'-FEE, noun Among lawyers, a fee or certain sum charged to a suitor for each term his cause is in court.

Terminable

TERM'INABLE, adjective [from term.] That may be bounded; limitable.

Dict.

Terminal

TERM'INAL, adjective [from Latin terminus.] In botany, growing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating; as a terminal scape, flower or spike.

Martyn.

2. Forming the extremity; as a terminal edge.

Terminate

TERM'INATE, verb transitive [French terminer; Latin termino; Spanish terminar; Italian terminare; from Latin terminus, Welsh tervyn.]

1. To bound; to limit; to set the extreme point or side of a thing; as, to terminate a surface by a line.

2. To end; to put an end to; as, to terminate a controversy.

Terminate

TERM'INATE, verb intransitive To be limited; to end; to come to the furthest point in space; as, a line terminates at the equator; the torrid zone terminates at the tropics.

2. To end; to close; to come to a limit in time. The session of congress, every second year, must terminate on the third of March.

The wisdom of this world, its designs and efficacy, terminate on this side heaven.

South.

Terminated

TERM'INATED, participle passive Limited; bounded; ended.

Terminating

TERM'INATING, participle of the present tense Limiting; ending; concluding.

Termination

TERMINA'TION, noun The act of limiting or setting bounds; the act of ending or concluding.

2. Bound; limit in space or extent; as the termination of a line.

3. End in time or existence; as the termination of the year or of life; the termination of happiness.

4. In grammar, the end or ending of a word; the syllable or letter that ends a word. Words have different terminations to express number, time and sex.

5. End; conclusion; result.

6. Last purpose.

White.

7. Word; term. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Terminational

TERMINA'TIONAL, adjective Forming the end or concluding syllable.

Walker.

Terminative

TERM'INATIVE, adjective Directing termination.

Bp. Rust.

Terminatively

TERM'INATIVELY, adverb Absolutely; so as not to respect any thing else.

Taylor.

Terminator

TERM'INATOR, noun In astronomy, a name sometimes given to the circle of illumination, from its property of terminating the boundaries of light and darkness.

Cyc.

Terminer

TERM'INER, noun A determining; as in oyer and terminer.

Terming

TERM'ING, participle of the present tense Calling; denominating.

Terminist

TERM'INIST, noun In ecclesiastical history, a sect of christians who maintain that God has fixed a certain term for the probation of particular persons, during which time they have the offer of grace, but after which God no longer wills their salvation.

Cyc.

Terminology

TERMINOL'OGY, noun [Latin terminus, or Greek, and.] The doctrine of terms; a treatise on terms.

2. In natural history, that branch of the science which explains all the terms used in the description of natural objects.

Ed. Encyc.

Terminthus

TERMIN'THUS, noun [Greek, a pine nut.]

In surgery, a large painful tumor on the skin, thought to resemble a pine nut.

Cyc.

Termless

TERM'LESS, adjective Unlimited; boundless; as termless joys.

Raleigh.

Termly

TERM'LY, adjective Occurring every term; as a termly fee.

Bacon.

Termly

TERM'LY, adverb Term by term; every term; as a fee termly given.

Bacon.

Tern

TERN, noun [Latin sterna.] A common name of certain aquatic fowls of the genus Sterna; as the great tern or sea swallow, (S. hirundo,) the black tern, the lesser tern, or hooded tern, and the foolish tern, or noddy, (S. stolida.) The brown tern, or brown gull, (S. obscura,) is considered as the young of the pewit gull or sea-crow, before molting.

Ed. Encyc.

Tern

TERN, adjective [Latin ternus.] Threefold; consisting of three.

Tern leaves, in threes, or three by three; expressing the number of leaves in each whorl or set.

Tern peduncles, three growing together from the same axil.

Tern flowers, growing three and three together.

Martyn.

Ternary

TERN'ARY, adjective [Latin ternarius, of three.]

Proceeding by threes; consisting of three. The ternary number, in antiquity, was esteemed a symbol of perfection and held in great veneration.

Cyc.

Ternary

TERN'ARY, or TERN'ION, noun [Latin ternarius, ternio.] The number three.

Holder.

Ternate

TERN'ATE, adjective [Latin ternus, terni.] In botany, a ternate leaf, is one that has three leaflets on a petiole, as in trefoil, strawberry, bramble, &c. There are leaves also biternate and triternate, having three ternate or three biternate leaflets.

Martyn.

These leaves must not be confounded with folia terna, which are leaves that grow three together in a whorl, on a stem or branch.

Cyc.

Ternate bat, a species of bat of a large kind, found in the isle Ternate, and other East India isles. [See Vampyre.]

Terra Japonica, catechu, so called.

Terra Lemnia, a species of red bolar earth.

Terra ponderosa, baryte; heavy spar.

Terra Sienna, a brown bole or ocher from Sienna in Italy.

Terrace

TER'RACE, noun [French terrasse; Italian terrazzo; Spanish terrado; from Latin terra, the earth.]

1. In gardening, a raised bank of earth with sloping sides, laid with turf, and graveled on the top for a walk.

Cyc.

2. A balcony or open gallery.

Johnson.

3. The flat roof of a house. All the buildings of the oriental nations are covered with terraces, where people walk or sleep.

Terrace

TER'RACE, verb transitive To form into a terrace.

2. To open to the air and light.

Wotton.

Terraced

TER'RACED, participle passive Formed into a terrace; having a terrace.

Thomson.

Terracing

TER'RACING, participle of the present tense Forming into a terrace; opening to the air.

Terrapin

TER'RAPIN, noun A name given to a species of tide-water tortoise.

Terraqueous

TERRA'QUEOUS, adjective [Latin terra, earth, and aqua, water; Welsh tir, Sanscrit dara, earth.]

Consisting of land and water, as the globe or earth. This epithet is given to the earth in regard to the surface, of which more than three fifths consist of water, and the remainder of earth or solid materials.

Terrar

TER'RAR, noun A register of lands. [Not in use.]

Cowel.

Terre-Blue

TERRE-BLUE, noun [French terre, earth, and blue.]

A kind of earth.

Woodward.

Terre-Mote

TERRE-MOTE, noun [Latin terra, earth, and motus, motion.]

An earthquake. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Terre-Plein

TERRE-PLEIN, or TERRE-PLAIN, noun [French terre, earth, and plein, full.] In fortification, the top, platform or horizontal surface of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed.

Terre-Tenant

TERRE-TEN'ANT, or TER-TEN'ANT, noun [French terre-tenant.] One who has the actual possession of land; the occupant.

Terre-Verte

TERRE-VERTE, noun [French terre, earth, and verd, verte, green.]

A species of green earth, used by painters. It is an indurated clay, found in the earth in large flat masses, imbedded in strata of other species of earth. It is of a fine regular structure, and of a smooth glossy surface. It is found in Cyprus, France and Italy.

Cyc.

Terrel

TER'REL, noun [from terra.] Little earth, a magnet of a just spherical figure, and so placed that its poles, equator, &c. correspond exactly to those of the world.

Terrene

TERRE'NE, adjective [Latin terrenus, from terra, Welsh tir, earth.]

1. Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as terrene substance.

2. Earthly; terrestrial.

God set before him mortal and immortal life, a nature celestial and terrene.

Raleigh.

Terreous

TER'REOUS, adjective [Latin terreus, from terra, earth.]

Earthy; consisting of earth; as terreous substances; terreous particles.

Brown.

Terrestrial

TERRES'TRIAL, adjective [Latin terrestris, from terra, the earth.]

1. Pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; as terrestrial animals; bodies terrestrial. 1 Corinthians 15.

2. Consisting of earth; as the terrestrial globe.

3. Pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary. Death puts an end to all terrestrial scenes.

Terrestrially

TERRES'TRIALLY, adverb After an earthly manner.

More.

Terrestrious

TERRES'TRIOUS, adjective Earthy. [Little used.]

2. Pertaining to the earth; being or living on the earth; terrestrial.

Brown.

Terrible

TER'RIBLE, adjective [French from Latin terribilis, from terreo, to frighten.]

1. Frightful; adapted to excite terror; dreadful; formidable.

Prudent in peace, and terrible in war.

Prior.

The form of the image was terrible. Danish ii.

2. Adapted to impress dread, terror or solemn awe and reverence.

The Lord thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. Deuteronomy 7.

Let them praise thy great and terrible name, for it is holy. Psalm 99.

He hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen. Deuteronomy 10.

3. adverb Severely; very; so as to give pain; as terrible cold; a colloquial phrase.

Terribleness

TER'RIBLENESS, noun Dreadfulness; formidableness; the quality or state of being terrible; as the terribleness of a sight.

Terribly

TER'RIBLY, adverb Dreadfully; in a manner to excite terror or fright.

When he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. Isaiah 2.

2. Violently; very greatly.

The poor man squalled terribly.

Swift.

Terrier

TER'RIER, noun [French from terra, earth.] A dog or little hound, that creeps into the ground after animals that burrow.

Dryden.

2. A lodge or hole where certain animals, as foxes, rabbits, badgers and the like, secure themselves.

Cyc.

3. Originally, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, &c.; at present, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, &c.

Cyc.

4. A wimble, auger or borer. [Latin tero.]

Ainsworth.

Terrific

TERRIF'IC, adjective [Latin terrificus, from terreo, terror, and facio.]

Dreadful; causing terror; adapted to excite great fear or dread; as a terrific form; terrific sight.

Terrified

TER'RIFIED, participle passive Frightened; affrighted.

Terrify

TER'RIFY, verb transitive [Latin terror and facio, to make.]

To frighten; to alarm or shock with fear.

They were terrified and affrighted. Luke 24.

When ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified. Luke 21. Job 7.

Terrifying

TER'RIFYING, participle of the present tense Frightening; affrighting.

Terrigenous

TERRIG'ENOUS, adjective [Latin terrigena, one born of the earth; terra and gigno.] Earthborn; produced by the earth.

Territorial

TERRITO'RIAL, adjective [from territory.] Pertaining to territory or land; as territorial limits; territorial jurisdiction.

Tooke.

2. Limited to a certain district. Rights may be personal or territorial.

Territorially

TERRITO'RIALLY, adverb In regard to territory; by means of territory.

E. Everett.

Territory

TER'RITORY, noun [French territoire; Italian Spanish territorio; Latin territorium, from terra, earth.]

1. The extent or compass of land within the bounds or belonging to the jurisdiction of any state, city or other body.

Linger not in my territories.

Shak.

They erected a house within their own territory.

Hayward.

Arts and sciences took their rise and flourished only in those small territories where the people were free.

Swift.

2. A tract of land belonging to and under the dominion of a prince or state, lying at a distance from the parent country or from the seat of government; as the territories of the East India Company; the territories of the United States; the territory of Mishigan; Northwest territory. These districts of country, when received into the union and acknowledged to be states, lose the appellation of territory.

Constitution of the U. States.

Terror

TER'ROR, noun [Latin terror, from terreo, to frighten; French terreur; Italian terrore.]

1. Extreme fear; violent dread; fright; fear that agitates the body and mind.

The sword without, and terror within. Deuteronomy 32.

The terrors of God do set themselves in array against me. Job 6.

Amaze and terror seiz'd the rebel host.

Milton.

2. That which may excite dread; the cause of extreme fear.

Rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Romans 13.

Those enormous terrors of the Nile.

Prior.

3. In Scripture, the sudden judgments of God are called terrors. Psalm 73.

4. The threatenings of wicked men, or evil apprehended from them. 1 Peter 3.

5. Awful majesty, calculated to impress fear. 2 Corinthians 5.

6. Death is emphatically styled the king of terrors.

Terse

TERSE, a. ters. [Latin tersus, from tergo, to wipe.]

Cleanly written; neat; elegant without pompousness; as terse language; a terse style.

Diffus'd, yet terse, poetical, though plain.

Harte.

Tersely

TERSELY, adv. ters'ly. Neatly.

Terseness

TERSENESS, n. ters'ness. Neatness of style; smoothness of language.

Warton.

Ter-Tenant

TER-TEN'ANT, noun [French terre and tenant.] The occupant of land.

Tertials

TER'TIALS, noun In ornithology, fethers near the junction of the wing with the body.

Tertian

TER'TIAN, adjective [Latin tertianus, from tertius, third.]

Occuring every other day; as a tertian fever.

Tertian

TER'TIAN, noun A disease or fever whose paroxysms return every other day; an intermittent occurring after intervals of about forty eight hours.

Cyc. Coxe.

2. A measure of 84 gallons, the third part of a tun. Obs.

Tertiary

TER'TIARY, adjective Third; of the third formation. Tertiary mountains are such as result from the ruins of other mountains promiscuously heaped together.

Kirwan.

Tertiary formation, in geology, a series of horizontal strata, more recent than chalk beds, consisting chiefly of sand and clay, and frequently embracing vast quantities of organic remains of the larger animals. It comprehends the alluvial formation, which embraces those deposits only which have resulted from causes still in operation; and the diluvial formation, which is constituted of such deposits as are supposed to have been produced by the deluge.

Dutch Olmsted.

Tertiate

TER'TIATE, verb transitive [Latin tertius, third; tertio, to do every third day.]

1. To do any thing the third time.

Johnson.

2. To examine the thickness of the metal at the muzzle of a gun; or in general, to examine the thickness to ascertain the strength of ordnance.

Tesselate

TES'SELATE, verb transitive [Latin tessela, a little square stone.]

To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work.

Tesselated

TES'SELATED, participle passive Checkered; formed in little squares or mosaic work; as a tesselated pavement.

2. In botany, spotted or checkered like a chess board; as a tesselated leaf.

Martyn.

Tesselation

TESSELA'TION, noun Mosaic work, or the operation of making it.

Forsyth, Italy.

Tesseraic

TESSERA'IC, adjective [Latin tessera, a square thing.]

Diversified by squares; tesselated.

Atkyns.

Test

TEST, noun [Latin testa, an earthen pot; Italian testa or testo; French tÃƒ-ªt.]

1. In metallurgy, a large cupel, or a vessel in the nature of a cupel, formed of wood ashes and finely powdered brick dust, in which metals are melted for trial and refinement.

Cyc.

2. Trial; examination by the cupel; hence, any critical trial and examination.

Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune

Like purest goldÃ‚--

Addison.

3. Means of trial.

Each test and every light her muse will bear.

Dryden.

4. That with which any thing is compared for proof of its genuineness; a standard.

Ã‚--Life, force and beauty must to all impart,

At once the source, the end and test of art.

Pope.

5. Discriminative characteristic; standard.

Our test excludes your tribe from benefit.

Dryden.

6. Judgment; distinction.

Who would excel, when few can make a test

Betwixt indifferent writing and the best?

Dryden.

7. In chimistry, a substance employed to detect any unknown constituent of a compound, by causing it to exhibit some known property. Thus ammonia is a test of copper, because it strikes a blue color with that metal, by which a minute quantity of it can be discovered when in combination with other substances.

Dutch Olmsted.

Test

TEST, noun [Latin testis, a witness, properly one that affirms.]

In England, an oath and declaration against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, are obliged to take within six months after their admission. They were formerly obliged also to receive the sacrament, according to the usage of the church of England. These requisitions are made by Stat. 25 Charles II. which is called the test act. The test of 7 Jac. 1. was removed in 1753.

Blackstone.

Test

TEST, verb transitive To compare with a standard; to try; to prove the truth or genuineness of any thing by experiment or by some fixed principle or standard; as, to test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an argument.

The true way of testing its character, is to suppose it [the system] will be persevered in.

Edin. Review.

Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution.

Washington's Address.

To test this positionÃ‚--

Hamilton, Rep.

In order to test the correctness of this systemÃ‚--

Adams' Lect.

This expedient has been already tested.

Walsh, Rev.

2. To attest and date; as a writing tested on such a day.

3. In metallurgy, to refine gold or silver by means of lead, in a test, by the destruction, vitrification or scorification of all extraneous matter.

Testable

TEST'ABLE, adjective [Latin testor. See Testament.]

That may be devised or given by will.

Blackstone.

Testaceography

TESTACEOG'RAPHY, noun [See Testaceology.]

Testaceology

TESTACEOL'OGY, or TESTAL'OGY, noun [Latin testacea, or testa, and Greek.]

The science of testaceous vermes, or of those soft and simple animals which have a testaceous covering; a branch of vermeology. [Words thus formed of two languages are rather anomalous, and the first for its length is very objectionable.]

Testaceous

TESTA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin testaceus, from testa, a shell. The primary sense of testa, testis, testor, &c. is to thrust or drive; hence the sense of hardness, compactness, in testa and testis; and hence the sense of attest, contest, detest, testator, testament, all implying a sending, driving, &c.]

Pertaining to shells; consisting of a hard shell, or having a hard continuous shell. Testaceous animals are such as have a strong thick entire shell, as oysters and clams; and are thus distinguished from crustaceous animals, whose shells are more thin and soft, and consist of several pieces jointed, as lobsters.

Cyc.

Testaceous medicines, are all preparations of shells and like substances, as the powders of crabs' claws, pearl, &c.

Encyc.

Testament

TEST'AMENT, noun [French from Latin testamentum, from testor, to make a will.]

1. A solemn authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to the disposal of his estate and effects after his death. This is otherwise called a will. A testament, to be valid, must be made when the testator is of sound mind, and it must be subscribed, witnessed and published in such manner as the law prescribes.

A man in certain cases may make a valid will by words only, and such will is called nuncupative.

Blackstone.

2. The name of each general division of the canonical books of the sacred Scriptures; as the Old Testament; the New Testament. The name is equivalent to covenant, and in our use of it, we apply it to the books which contain the old and new dispensations; that of Moses, and that of Jesus Christ.

Testamentary

TESTAMENT'ARY, adjective Pertaining to a will or to wills; as testamentary causes in law.

2. Bequeathed by will; given by testament; as testamentary charities.

Atterbury.

3. Done by testament or will.

Testamentary guardian of a minor, is one appointed by the deed or will of a father, until the child becomes of age.

Testamentation

TESTAMENTA'TION, noun The act or power of giving by will. [Little used.]

Burke.

Testate

TEST'ATE, adjective [Latin testatus.] Having made and left a will; as, a person is said to die testate.

Testation

TESTA'TION, noun [Latin testatio. A witnessing or witness.

Bp. Hall.

Testator

TESTA'TOR, noun [Latin] A man who makes and leaves a will or testament at death.

Testatrix

TESTA'TRIX, noun A woman who makes and leaves a will at death.

Tested

TEST'ED, participle passive Tried or approved by a test.

Shak. Parkhurst.

Tester

TEST'ER, noun [French tÃƒ-ªte, head.] The top covering of a bed, consisting of some species of cloth, supported by the bedstead.

Tester

TEST'ER, or TEST'ON, noun A French coin, of the value of about six pence sterling.

Testicle

TEST'ICLE, noun [Latin testiculus; literally a hard mass, like testa, a shell.]

The testicles are male organs of generation, consisting of glandular substances, whose office is to secrete the fecundating fluid.

Cyc.

Testiculate

TESTIC'ULATE, adjective In botany, shaped like a testicle.

Lee.

Testification

TESTIFICA'TION, noun [Latin testificatio. See Testify.]

The act of testifying or giving testimony or evidence; as a direct testification of our homage to God.

South.

Testificator

TESTIFICA'TOR, noun One who gives witness or evidence.

Testified

TEST'IFIED, participle passive [from testify.] Given in evidence; witnessed; published; made known.

Testifier

TEST'IFIER, noun [from testify.] One who testifies; one who gives testimony or bears witness to prove any thing.

Testify

TEST'IFY, verb intransitive [Latin testificor; testis and facio; Italian testificare; Spanish testificar.]

1. To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them.

Jesus needed not that any should testify of man, for he knew what was in man. John 2.

2. In judicial proceedings, to make a solemn declaration under oath, for the purpose of establishing or making proof of some fact to a court; to give testimony in a cause depending before a tribunal.

One witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. Numbers 35.

3. To declare a charge against one.

O Israel, I will testify against thee. Ps. I.

4. To protest; to declare against.

I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. Nehemiah 13.

Testify

TEST'IFY, verb transitive To affirm or declare solemnly for the purpose of establishing a fact.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John 3.

2. In law, to affirm or declare under oath before a tribunal, for the purpose of proving some fact.

3. To bear witness to; to support the truth of by testimony.

To testify the gospel of the grace of God. Acts 20.

4. To publish and declare freely.

Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance towards God and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ. Acts 20.

Testifying

TEST'IFYING, participle of the present tense Affirming solemnly or under oath, for the purpose of establishing a fact; giving testimony; bearing witness; declaring.

Testily

TEST'ILY, adverb [from testy.] Fretfully; peevishly; with petulance.

Testimonial

TESTIMO'NIAL, noun [French from Latin testimonium.]

A writing or certificate in favor of one's character or good conduct. Testimonials are required on many occasions. A person must have testimonials of his learning and good conduct, before he can obtain license to preach. Testimonials are to be signed by persons of known respectability of character.

Testimony

TEST'IMONY, noun [Latin testimonium.] A solemn declaration or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or proving some fact. Such affirmation in judicial proceedings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath. Testimony differs from evidence; testimony is the declaration of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that declaration on the mind, or the degree of light which it affords.

2. Affirmation; declaration. These doctrines are supported by the uniform testimony of the fathers. The belief of past facts must depend on the evidence of human testimony, or the testimony of historians.

3. Open attestation; profession.

Thou for the testimony of truth hast borne

Universal reproach.

Milton.

4. Witness; evidence; proof of some fact.

Shake off the dust under your feet, for a testimony against them. Mark 6.

5. In Scripture, the two tables of the law.

Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. Exodus 25.

6. The book of the law.

He brought forth the king's sonÃ‚--and gave him the testimony. 2 Kings 11.

7. The gospel, which testifies of Christ and declares the will of God. 1 Corinthians 2:2 Timothy 1.

8. The ark. Exodus 16.

9. The word of God; the Scriptures.

The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple. Psalm 19.

10. The laws or precepts of God. "I love thy testimonies." "I have kept thy testimonies."

Psalms.

11. That which is equivalent to a declaration; manifestation.

Sacrifices were appointed by God for a testimony of his hatred of sin.

Clarke.

12. Evidence suggested to the mind; as the testimony of conscience. 2 Corinthians 1.

13. Attestation; confirmation.

Testimony

TEST'IMONY, verb transitive To witness. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Testiness

TEST'INESS, noun [from testy.] Fretfulness; peevishness; petulance.

Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry.

Locke.

Testing

TEST'ING, participle of the present tense [from test.] Trying for proof; proving by a standard or by experiment.

A plan for testing alkaliesÃ‚--

Ure.

Testing

TEST'ING, noun The act of trying for proof.

2. In metallurgy, the operation of refining large quantities of gold or silver by means of lead, in the vessel called a test. In this process, the extraneous matter is vitrified, scorified or destroyed, and the metal left pure. This operation is performed in the manner of cupellation.

Cyc.

Testoon

TESTOON', noun A silver coin in Italy and Portugal. In Florence, the testoon is worth two lire or three paoli, about seventeen pence sterling, or thirty two cents. At Lisbon, the testoon, as a money of account, is valued at 100 rees, about seven pence sterling, or twelve and a half cents.

Test-Paper

TEST'-PAPER, noun A paper impregnated with a chimical re-agent, as litmus, &c.

Parke.

Testudinal

TESTU'DINAL, adjective Pertaining to the tortoise, or resembling it.

Fleming.

Testudinated

TESTU'DINATED, adjective [Latin testudo, a tortoise.] Roofed; arched.

Testudineous

TESTUDIN'EOUS, adjective Resembling the shell of a tortoise.

Testudo

TESTU'DO, noun [Latin] A tortoise. Among the Romans, a cover or skreen which a body of troops formed with their shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when standing close to each other. This cover resembled the back of a tortoise, and served to shelter the men from darts, stones and other missiles. A similar defense was sometimes formed of boards and moved on wheels.

2. In medicine, a broad soft tumor between the skull and the skin, called also talpa or mole, as resembling the subterraneous windings of the tortoise or mole.

Cyc.

Testy

TEST'Y, adjective [from French teste, tÃƒ-ªte, the head, or from the same root.]

Fretful; peevish; petulant; easily irritated. Pyrrhus cured his testy courtiers with a kick.

Must I stand and crouch under your testy humor?

Shak.

Tetanus

TET'ANUS, noun [Greek, stretched.] A spasmodic contraction of the muscles of voluntary motion, particularly of those which shut the lower jaw; the locked jaw.

Cyc.

Tetaug

TETAUG', noun The name of a fish on the coast of New England; called also black fish.

Tetchiness

TETCH'INESS, or TETCH'Y. See Techiness, Techy. [corrupted from touchy, touchiness.] [Not in use.]

Tete

TETE, noun [French head.] False hair; a kind of wig or cap of false hair.

Tete-a-tete, [French] head to head; cheek by jowl; in private.

Tether

TETH'ER, noun [See Tedder.] A rope or chain by which a beast is confined for feeding within certain limits.

Tether

TETH'ER, verb transitive To confine, as a beast, with a rope or chain for feeding within certain limits. [It would be well to write this word uniformly tedder.]

Tetrachord

TET'RACHORD, noun [Greek, four, and, a chord.]

In ancient music, a diatessaron; a series of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first and last, constituted a fourth. These extremes were immutable; the two middle sounds were changeable.

Cyc.

Tetrad

TET'RAD, noun [Greek, the number four.] The number four; a collection of four things.

Tetradactylous

TETRADAC'TYLOUS, adjective [Greek and.] Having four toes.

Tetradiapason

TETRADIAP'ASON, noun [Greek, four, and diapason.]

Quadruple diapason or octave; a musical chord, otherwise called a quadruple eighth or twenty ninth.

Cyc.

Tetradrachma

TETRADRACH'MA, noun [Greek and.]

In ancient coinage, a silver coin worth four drachmas, 3s. sterling, or 66 2/3 cents; the drachma being estimated at 9d. sterling, or 16 2/3 cents.

Tetradynamian

TETRADYNAM'IAN, noun [Greek and, power, strength.]

In botany, a plant having six stamens, four of which are longer than the others.

Tetradynamian

TETRADYNAM'IAN, adjective Having six stamens, four of which are uniformly longer than the others.

Tetragon

TET'RAGON, noun [Greek; for, four, and, an angle.]

1. In geometry, a figure having four angles; a quadrangle; as a square, a rhombus, &c.

2. In astrology, an aspect of two planets with regard to the earth, when they are distant from each other ninety degrees, or the fourth of a circle.

Tetragonal

TETRAG'ONAL, adjective Pertaining to a tetragon; having four angles or sides. Thus a square, a parallelogram, a rhombus, and a trapezium, are tetragonal figures.

2. In botany, having four prominent longitudinal angles, as a stem.

Martyn.

Tetragonism

TET'RAGONISM, noun The quadrature of the circle.

Cyc.

Tetragyn

TET'RAGYN, noun [Greek, four, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having four pistils.

Tetragynian

TETRAGYN'IAN, adjective Having four pistils.

Tetrahedral

TETRAHE'DRAL, adjective [See Tetrahedron.]

1. Having four equal triangles.

Bailey.

2. In botany, having four sides, as a pod or silique.

Martyn.

Tetrahedron

TETRAHE'DRON, noun [Greek, four, and, side.]

In geometry, a figure comprehended under four equilateral and equal triangles; or one of the five regular Platonic bodies of that figure.

Cyc.

Tetrahexahedral

TETRAHEXAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, four, and hexahedral.]

In crystalography, exhibiting four ranges of faces, one above another, each range containing six faces.

Tetrameter

TETRAM'ETER, noun [Greek, four, and, measure.]

In ancient poetry, an iambic verse consisting of four feet, found in the comic poets.

Cyc.

A verse consisting of four measures or eight feet.

Ash.

Tetrander

TETRAN'DER, noun [Greek, four, and, a male.] In botany, a plant having four stamens.

Tetrandrian

TETRAN'DRIAN, adjective Having four stamens.

Tetrapetalous

TETRAPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, four, and, leaf.]

In botany, containing four distinct petals or flower leaves; as a tetrapetalous corol.

Martyn.

Tetraphyllous

TETRAPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, four, and, leaf.]

In botany, having four leaves; consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets; as a tetraphyllous calyx.

Martyn.

Tetraptote

TET'RAPTOTE, noun [Greek, four, and, case.]

In grammar, a noun that has four cases only; as Latin astus, &c.

Tetrarch

TE'TRARCH, noun [Greek; four, and, rule.]

A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; a subordinate prince. In time, this word came to denote any petty king or sovereign.

Tetrarchate

TETR`ARCHATE, noun The fourth part of a province under a Roman tetrarch; or the office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch.

Tetrarchical

TETR`ARCHICAL, adjective Pertaining to a tetrarchy.

Herbert.

Tetrarchy

TET'RARCHY, noun The same as tetrarchate.

Tetraspermous

TETRASPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, four, and, seed.] In botany, containing four seeds.

Martyn.

A tetraspermous plant, is one which produces four seeds in each flower, as the rough-leaved or verticillate plants.

Martyn.

Tetrastich

TETRAS'TICH, noun [Greek; four, and, verse.]

A stanza, epigram or poem consisting of four verses.

Pope.

Tetrastyle

TET'RASTYLE, noun [Greek, four, and, column.]

In ancient architecture, a building with four columns in front.

Cyc.

Tetrasyllabic

TETRASYLLAB'IC, or TETRASYLLAB'ICAL, adjective Consisting of four syllables.

Cyc.

Tetrasyllable

TETRASYL'LABLE, noun [Greek, four, and, syllable.] A word consisting of four syllables.

Tetric

TET'RIC, or TET'RICAL, or TET'RICOUS, adjective [Latin tetricus.] Froward; perverse; harsh; sour; rugged. [Not in use.]

Knolles.

Tetricity

TETRIC'ITY, noun Crabbedness; perverseness. [Not in use.]

Tetter

TET'TER, noun [Saxon teter, tetr; allied perhaps to Latin titillo.]

1. In medicine, a common name of several cutaneous diseases, consisting of an eruption of vesicles or pustules, in distinct or confluent clusters, spreading over the body in various directions and hardening into scabs or crusts. It includes the shingles, ring-worm, milky scale (crusta lactea,) scald head, &c.

Good.

2. In farriery, a cutaneous disease of animals, of the ring-worm kind, which spreads on the body in different directions, and occasions a troublesome itching.

Cyc.

Tetter

TET'TER, verb transitive To affect with the disease called tetters.

Tettish

TET'TISH, adjective [Qu. French tÃƒ-ªte, head.] Captious; testy. [Not in use.]

Teutonic

TEUTON'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Teutons, a people of Germany, or to their language; as a noun, the language of the Teutons, the parent of the German, Dutch, and Anglo Saxon or native English.

Teutonic order, a military religious order of knights, established toward the close of the twelfth century, in imitation of the Templars and Hospitallers. It was composed chiefly of Teutons or Germans, who marched to the Holy Land in the crusades, and was established in that country for charitable purposes. It increased in numbers and strength till it became master of all Prussia, Livonia and Pomerania.

Cyc.

Tew

TEW, verb transitive To work; to soften. [Not in use.] [See Taw.]

2. To work; to pull or tease; among seamen.

Tew

TEW, noun [probably tow.] Materials for any thing. [Not in use.]

Skinner.

2. An iron chain. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Tewel

TEW'EL, noun [French tuyau.] An iron pipe in a forge to receive the pipe of a bellows.

Moxon.

Tewtaw

TEW'TAW, verb transitive To beat; to break. [Not in use.] [See Tew.]

Mortimer.

Text

TEXT, noun [French texte; Latin textus, woven; Italian testo. See Texture.]

1. A discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written. Thus we speak of the text or original of the Scripture, in relation to the comments upon it. Infinite pains have been taken to ascertain and establish the genuine original text.

2. A verse or passage of Scripture which a preacher selects as the subject of a discourse.

How oft, when Paul has serv'd us with a text,

Has Epictetus, Plato, Tully preach'd.

Cowper.

3. Any particular passage of Scripture, used as authority in argument for proof of a doctrine. In modern sermons, texts of Scripture are not as frequently cited as they were formerly.

4. In ancient law authors, the four Gospels, by way of eminence.

Cyc.

Text

TEXT, verb transitive To write, as a text. [Not much used.]

Beaum.

Text-Book

TEXT'-BOOK, noun In universities and colleges, a classic author written with wide spaces between the lines, to give room for the observations or interpretation dictated by the master or regent.

Cyc.

2. A book containing the leading principles or most important points of a science or branch of learning, arranged in order for the use of students.

Text-Hand

TEXT-HAND, noun A large hand in writing; so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in a large hand, and the notes in a smaller hand.

Textile

TEXT'ILE, adjective [Latin textilis.] Woven, or capable of being woven.

Textile

TEXT'ILE, noun That which is or may be woven.

Bacon. Wilkins.

Text-Man

TEXT'-MAN, noun A man ready in the quotation of texts.

Saunderson.

Textorial

TEXTO'RIAL, adjective [Latin textor.] Pertaining to weaving.

Textrine

TEXT'RINE, adjective Pertaining to weaving; as the textrine art.

Derham.

Textual

TEXT'UAL, adjective Contained in the text.

Milton.

2. Serving for texts.

Bp. Hall.

Textualist

TEXT'UALIST, or TEXT'UARY, noun [French textuaire, from texte.] One who is well versed in the Scriptures, and can readily quote texts.

2. One who adheres to the text.

Textuary

TEXT'UARY, adjective Textual; contained in the text.

Brown.

2. Serving as a text; authoritative.

Glanville.

Textuist

TEXT'UIST, noun One ready in the quotation of texts.

Texture

TEX'TURE, noun [Latin textura, textus, from texo, to weave.]

1. The act of weaving.

2. A web; that which is woven.

Others, far in the grassy dale,

Their humble texture weave.

Thomson.

3. The disposition or connection of threads, filaments or other slender bodies interwoven; as the texture of cloth or of a spider's web.

4. The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each other; or the manner in which the constituent parts are united; as the texture of earthy substances or fossils; the texture of a plant; the texture of paper, of a hat or skin; a loose texture; or a close compact texture.

5. In anatomy. [See Tissue.]

Thack

THACK, for thatch, is local. [See Thatch.]

Thallite

THAL'LITE, noun [Greek, a green twig.] In mineralogy, a substance variously denominated by different authors. It is the epidote of HaÃƒ-¼y, the delphinite of Saussure, and the pistacite of Werner. It occurs both crystalized and in masses.

Cyc.

Thammuz

THAM'MUZ, noun The tenth month of the Jewish civil year, containing 29 days, and answering to a part of June and a part of July.

2. The name of a deity among the Phenicians.

Than

THAN, adverb [Saxon thanne; Gothic than; Dutch dan. This word signifies also then, both in English and Dutch. The Germans express the sense by als, as.]

This word is placed after some comparative adjective or adverb, to express comparison between what precedes and what follows. Thus Elijah said, I am not better than my fathers. Wisdom is better than strength. Israel loved Joseph more than all his children. All nations are counted less than nothing. I who am less than the least of all saints. The last error shall be worse than the first. He that denies the faith is worse than an infidel.

After more, or an equivalent termination, the following word implies less, or worse; after less, or an equivalent termination, it implies more or better.

Thane

THANE, noun [Saxon thegn, thoegn, a minister or servant; thegnian, thenian, to serve; Dutch German dienen, to serve; Swedish tiena, to serve; tienare, a servant; Danish tiener, to serve; tiener, a servant. If g is radical, this word belongs to Class Dg; if not, to Class Dn. No. 10.]

The thanes in England were formerly persons of some dignity; of these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the Saxon and Danish kings in their courts, and held lands immediately of them; and the ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors, and who had a particular jurisdiction within their limits. After the conquest, this title was disused, and baron took its place.

Thane-Lands

THA'NE-LANDS, noun Lands granted to thanes.

Thaneship

THA'NESHIP, noun The state or dignity of a thane; or his seignory.

Thank

THANK, verb transitive [Saxon thancian; German, Dutch danken; Icelandic thacka; Swedish tacka; Danish takker. We see by the Gothic dialects that n is not radical. To ascertain the primary sense, let us attend to its compounds; German abdanken, [which in English would be off thank,] to dismiss, discharge, discard, send away, put off, to disband or break, as an officer; verdanken, to owe or be indebted; Dutch afdanken, to cashier or discharge. These senses imply a sending. Hence thank is probably from the sense of giving, that is, a render or return.]

1. To express gratitude for a favor; to make acknowledgments to one for kindness bestowed.

We are bound to thank God always for you. 2 Thessalonians 1.

Joab bowed himself and thanked the king. 2 Samuel 14.

2. It is used ironically.

Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss,

And thank yourself, if aught should fall amiss.

Dryden.

Thank

THANK. or THANKS, n. generally in the plural. [Saxon thanc; Gaelic, tainc.] Expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment made to express a sense of favor or kindness received. Gratitude is the feeling or sentiment excited by kindness; thanks are the expression of that sentiment. Luke 6.

Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory. 1 Corinthians 15.

Thanks be to God for his unspeakable gift. 2 Corinthians 9.

He took bread and gave thanks to God. Acts 27.

Thanked

THANK'ED, participle passive Having received expressions of gratitude.

Thankful

THANK'FUL, adjective [Saxon thancfull; Gaelic, taincal.]

Grateful; impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it. The Lord's supper is to be celebrated with a thankful remembrance of his sufferings and death.

Be thankful to him, and bless his name. Psalm 100.

Thankfully

THANK'FULLY, adverb With a grateful sense of favor or kindness received.

If you have liv'd, take thankfully the past.

Dryden.

Thankfulness

THANK'FULNESS, noun Expression of gratitude; acknowledgment of a favor.

2. Gratitude; a lively sense of good received.

The celebration of these holy mysteries being ended, retire with all thankfulness of heart for having been admitted to that heavenly feast.

Taylor.

Thanking

THANK'ING, participle of the present tense Expressing gratitude for good received.

Thankless

THANK'LESS, adjective Unthankful; ungrateful; not acknowledging favors.

That she may feel

How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is

To have a thankless child.

Shak.

2. Not deserving thanks, or not likely to gain thanks; as a thankless office.

Wotton.

Thanklessness

THANK'LESSNESS, noun Ingratitude; failure to acknowledge a kindness.

Donne.

Thank-Offering

THANK'-OFFERING, noun [thank and offering.]

An offering made in acknowledgment of mercy.

Watts.

Thanksgive

THANKSGIVE, v. t. thanksgiv'. [thanks and give.]

To celebrate or distinguish by solemn rites. [Not in use.]

Mede.

Thanksgiver

THANKSGIV'ER, noun One who gives thanks or acknowledges a kindness.

Barrow.

Thanksgiving

THANKSGIV'ING, participle of the present tense Rendering thanks for good received.

Thanksgiving

THANKSGIV'ING, noun The act of rendering thanks or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies.

Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if received with thanksgiving. 1 Timothy 4.

2. A public celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties. The practice of appointing an annual thanksgiving originated in New England.

Thank-Worthy

THANK'-WORTHY, adjective [thank and worthy.]

Deserving thanks; meritorious. 1 Peter 2.

Tharm

TH`ARM, noun [Saxon thearm; German, Dutch darm.] Intestines twisted into a cord. [Local.]

That

THAT, an adjective, pronoun or substitute. [Saxon thoet, that; Gothic thata; Dutch dat; German das; Danish det; Swedish det. Qu. Greek. This word is called in Saxon and German, an article, for it sometimes signifies the. It is called also in Saxon a pronoun, equivalent to id, istud, in Latin. In Swedish and Danish it is called a pronoun of the neuter gender. But these distinctions are groundless and of no use. It is probably from the sense of setting.]

1. That is a word used as a definitive adjective, pointing to a certain person or thing before mentioned, or supposed to be understood. "Here is that book we have been seeking this hour." "Here goes that man we were talking of."

It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matthew 10.

2. That is used definitively, to designate a specific thing or person emphatically.

The woman was made whole from that hour. Matthew 9.

In these cases, that is an adjective. In the two first examples, the may be substituted for it. "Here is the book we have been seeking." "Here goes the man we were talking of." But in other cases, the cannot supply its place, and that may be considered as more emphatically definitive than the.

3. That is used as the representative of a noun, either a person or a thing. In this use, it is often a pronoun and a relative. When it refers to persons, it is equivalent to who, and when it refers to a thing, it is equivalent to which. In this use, it represents either the singular number or the plural.

He that reproveth a scorner, getteth to himself shame. Proverbs 9.

They that hate me without a cause, are more than the hairs of my head. Psalm 63.

A judgment that is equal and impartial, must incline to the greater probabilities.

Wilkins.

They shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend. Matthew 13.

4. That is also the representative of a sentence or part of a sentence, and often of a series of sentences. In this case, that is not strictly a pronoun, a word standing for a noun; but is, so to speak, a pro-sentence, the substitute for a sentence, to save the repetition of it.

And when Moses heard that, he was content. Leviticus 10.

That here stands for the whole of what Aaron had said, or the whole of the preceding verse.

I will know your business, that I will.

Shak.

Ye defraud, and that your brethren. 1 Corinthians 6.

That sometimes in this use, precedes the sentence or clause to which it refers.

That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked. Genesis 18.

That here represents the clause in italics.

5. That sometimes is the substitute for an adjective. You alledge that the man is innocent; that he is not.

6. That, in the following use, has been called a conjunction. "I heard that the Greeks had defeated the Turks." But in this case, that has the same character as in No. 4. It is the representative of the part of the sentence which follows, as may be seen by inverting the order of the clauses. "The Greeks had defeated the Turks; I heard that." "It is not that I love you less." That here refers to the latter clause of the sentence, as a kind of demonstrative.

7. That was formerly used for that which, like what.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John 3.

[This use is no longer held legitimate.]

8. That is used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction.

If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that. James 4.

9. When this and that refer to foregoing words, this, like the Latin hic, and French ceci, refers to the latter, and that to the former. It is the same with these and those.

Self-love and reason to one end aspire,

Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire,

But greedy that, its object would devour,

This taste the honey, and not wound the flow'r.

Pope.

10. That sometimes introduces an explanation of something going before. "Religion consists in living up to those principles; that is, in acting in conformity to them." Here that refers to the whole first clause of the sentence.

11. "Things are preached, not in that they are taught, but in that they are published." Here that refers to the words which follow it.

So when that begins a sentence. "That we may fully understand the subject, let us consider the following propositions." That denotes purpose, or rather introduces the clause expressing purpose, as will appear by restoring the sentence to its natural order. "Let us consider the following propositions, that, [for the purpose expressed in the following clause,] we may fully understand the subject." "Attend that you may receive instruction." Here also that expresses purpose elliptically; "attend for the purpose that, you may receive instruction;" that referring to the last member.

In that, a phrase denoting consequence, cause or reason; that referring to the following sentence.

Thatch

THATCH, noun [Saxon thac, connected with theccan, thecan, to cover, Latin tego, deck; German dach, a roof; Dutch dak; Swedish tak; Danish tag, toekke; Gaelic, tughe, tuighe. The primary sense is to put on, to spread over or make close.]

Straw or other substance used to cover the roofs of buildings, or stacks of hay or grain, for securing them from rain, &c.

Thatch

THATCH, verb transitive To cover with straw, reeds or some similar substance; as, to thatch a house or a stable, or a stack of grain.

Thatched

THATCH'ED, participle passive Covered with straw or thatch.

Thatcher

THATCH'ER, noun One whose occupation is to thatch houses.

Thatching

THATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Covering with straw or thatch.

Thatching

THATCH'ING, noun The act or art of covering buildings with thatch, so as to keep out water.

Thaumaturgic

THAUMATUR'GIC, or THAUMATUR'GICAL, adjective [See Thaumaturgy.] Exciting wonder.

Burton.

Thaumaturgy

THAU'MATURGY, noun [Greek, a wonder, and, work.]

The act of performing something wonderful.

Warton.

Thaw

THAW, verb intransitive [Saxon thawan; German thauen; Dutch dooyen; Danish tÃƒ-¶er; Swedish t?a; Greek. Class Dg.]

1. To melt, dissolve or become fluid, as ice or snow. [It is remarkable that this word is used only of things that congeal by frost. We never say, to thaw metal of any kind.]

2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; used of weather.

Thaw

THAW, verb transitive To melt; to dissolve; as ice, snow, hail or frozen earth.

Thaw

THAW, noun The melting of ice or snow; the resolution of ice into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat, of any thing congealed by frost.

Thawed

THAW'ED, participle passive Melted, as ice or snow.

Thawing

THAW'ING, participle of the present tense Dissolving; resolving into a fluid; liquefying; as any thing frozen.

The

THE, an adjective, or definitive adjective. [Saxon the; Dutch de. Qu. Chaldee.]

1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before nouns which are specific or understood; or it is used to limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to describe them; as the laws of the twelve tables. The independent tribunals of justice in our country, are the security of private rights, and the best bulwark against arbitrary power. The sun is the source of light and heat.

This he calls the preaching of the cross.

Simeon.

2. The is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular number, to denote a species by way of distinction; a single thing representing the whole. The fig tree putteth forth her green figs; the almond tree shall flourish; the grasshopper shall be a burden.

3. In poetry, the sometimes loses the final vowel before another vowel.

Th' adorning thee with so much art,

Is but a barb'rous skill.

Cowley.

4. The is used before adjectives in the comparative and superlative degree. The longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. The most strenuous exertions will be used to emancipate Greece. The most we can do is to submit; the best we can do; the worst that can happen.

Thearchy

THE'ARCHY, noun [Greek, God, and, rule.]

Government by God; more commonly called theocracy.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Theater

THE'ATER, or THE'ATRE, noun [French theatre; Latin theatrum; Greek, from, to see.]

1. Among the ancients, an edifice in which spectacles or shows were exhibited for the amusement of spectators.

2. In modern times, a house for the exhibition of dramatic performances, as tragedies, comedies and farces; a play-house; comprehending the stage, the pit, the boxes, galleries and orchester.

3. Among the Italians, an assemblage of buildings, which by a happy disposition and elevation, represents an agreeable scene to the eye.

Cyc.

4. A place rising by steps or gradations like the seats of a theater.

Shade above shade, a woody theater

Of stateliest viewÃ‚--

Milton.

5. A place of action or exhibition; as the theater of the world.

6. A building for the exhibition of scholastic exercises, as at Oxford, or for other exhibitions.

Anatomical theater, a hall with several rows of seats, disposed in the manner of an amphitheater, and a table turning on a pivot in the middle, for anatomical demonstrations.

Cyc.

Theatins

THE'ATINS, noun An order of regular priests in Naples, who have no property, nor do they beg, but wait for what providence sends them. They have their name from the chief of the order.

Theatral

THE'ATRAL, adjective Belonging to a theater. [Not in use.]

Theatric

THEAT'RIC, or THEAT'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to a theater or to scenic representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers; as theatrical dress; theatrical performances; theatrical gestures.

Theatrically

THEAT'RICALLY, adverb In the manner of actors on the stage; in a manner suiting the stage.

Theave

THEAVE, or THAVE, noun An ewe of the first year. [Local.]

Thee

THEE, pron. obj. case of thou. [contracted from Saxon thee; Cimb. thig; Francic, thec; Gothic thuk. [See Thou.]

Thee

THEE, verb intransitive [Gothic thihan; Saxon thean.] To thrive; to prosper. Obs.

Chaucer.

Theft

THEFT, noun [Saxon thyfthe. See Thief.] The act of stealing. In law, the private, unlawful, felonious taking of another person's goods or movables, with an intent to steal them. To constitute theft, the taking must be in private or without the owner's knowledge, and it must be unlawful or felonious, that is, it must be with a design to deprive the owner of his property privately and against his will. Theft differs from robbery, as the latter is a violent taking from the person, and of course not private.

2. The thing stolen. Exodus 22.

Theft-Bote

THEFT'-BOTE, noun [theft and Saxon bote, compensation.]

In law, the receiving of a man's goods again from a thief; or a compensation for them, by way of composition, and to prevent the prosecution of the thief. This in England subjects a person to a heavy fine, as by this means the punishment of the criminal is prevented.

Their

THEIR, a. pronom. [Saxon hiora; Icelandic theirra.]

1. Their has the sense of a pronominal adjective, denoting of them, or the possession of two or more; as their voices; their garments; their houses; their land; their country.

2. Theirs is used as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it refers, and in this case, it may be the nominative to a verb. "Our land is the most extensive, but theirs is the best cultivated." Here theirs stands as the representative of their land, and is the nominative to is.

Nothing but the name of zeal appears

'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs.

Denham.

In this use, theirs is not in the possessive case, for then there would be a double possessive.

Theism

THE'ISM, noun [from Greek, God.] The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism. Theism differs from deism, for although deism implies a belief in the existence of a God, yet it signifies in modern usage a denial of revelation, which theism does not.

Theist

THE'IST, noun One who believes in the existence of a God.

Theistic

THEIS'TIC, or THEIS'TICAL, adjective Pertaining to theism, or to a theist; according to the doctrine of theists.

Them

THEM, pron. the objective case of they, and of both genders. [In our mother tongue, them is an adjective, answering to the, in the dative and ablative cases of both numbers. The common people continue to use it in the plural number as an adjective, for they say, bring them horses, or them horses are to be led to water.]

Go ye to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. Matthew 25.

Then shall the king say to them on his right hand, come, ye blessed of my FatherÃ‚-- Matthew 25.

Theme

THEME, noun [Latin thema; Greek, from, to set or place.]

1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks. The preacher takes a text for the theme of his discourse.

When a soldier was the theme, my name

Was not far off.

Shak.

2. A short dissertation composed by a student.

Milton.

3. In grammar, a radical verb, or the verb in its primary absolute sense, not modified by inflections; as the infinitive mode in English. But a large portion of the words called themes in Greek, are not the radical words, but are themselves derivative forms of the verb. The fact is the same in other languages.

4. In music, a series of notes selected as the text or subject of a new composition.

Themselves

THEMSELVES, a compound of them and selves, and added to they by way of emphasis or pointed distinction. Thus we say, they themselves have done the mischief; they cannot blame others. In this case, themselves is in the nominative case, and may be considered as an emphatical pronoun.

In some cases, themselves is used without they, and stands as the only nominative to the following verb. Themselves have done the mischief.

This word is used also in the objective case after a verb or preposition. Things in themselves innocent, may under certain circumstances cease to be so.

They open to themselves at length the way.

Milton.

Then

THEN, adverb [Gothic Saxon thanne; German dann; Dutch dan. See Thence.]

1. At that time, referring to a time specified, either past or future.

And the Canaanite was then in the land. Genesis 12.

That is, when Abram migrated and came into Canaan.

Now I know in part, but then shall I know even as I am known. 1 Corinthians 12.

2. Afterward; soon afterward or immediately.

First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Matthew 5.

3. In that case; in consequence. Galatians 3. Job 3.

If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom.

Locke.

4. Therefore; for this reason.

Now then be all thy weighty cares away.

Dryden.

5. At another time; as now and then, at one time and another.

Milton.

6. That time.

Till then who knew

The force of those dire arms?

Milton.

Thence

THENCE, adv. thens. [Saxon thanan, thanon; German dannen; from than, dann, then, supra. Then signifies properly place, or set time, from setting, and thence is derived from it. So the Germans say, von dannen, from thence.]

1. From that place.

When you depart thence, shake off the dust of your feet. Mark 6.

It is more usual, though not necessary, to use from before thence.

Then will I send and fetch thee from thence. Genesis 27.

2. From that time.

There shall be no more thence an infant of days. Isaiah 65.

3. For that reason.

Not to sit idle with so great a gift

Useless, and thence ridiculous, about him.

Milton.

Thenceforth

THENCEFORTH, adv. thens'forth. [thence and forth.] From that time.

If the salt hath lost its savor, it is thenceforth good for nothing. Matthew 5.

This is also preceded by from, though not from any necessity.

And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him. John 19.

Thenceforward

THENCEFOR'WARD, adverb [thence and forward.] From that time onward.

Kettlewell.

Thencefrom

THENCEFROM', adverb [thence and from.] From that place. [Not in use.]

Smith.

Theocracy

THEOC'RACY, noun [French theocracie; Italian teocrazia; Spanish teocracia; Greek, God, and, power; to hold.]

Government of a state by the immediate direction of God; or the state thus governed. Of this species the Israelites furnish an illustrious example. The theocracy lasted till the time of Saul.

Theocratic

THEOCRAT'IC, or THEOCRAT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a theocracy; administered by the immediate direction of God; as the theocratical state of the Israelites. The government of the Israelites was theocratic.

Theodicy

THE'ODICY, noun [Greek, and Latin dico, to speak.]

The science of God; metaphysical theology.

Leibnitz. Encyc.

Theodolite

THEOD'OLITE, noun [Qu. Greek, to run, and, long.]

An instrument for taking the hights and distances of objects, or for measuring horizontal and vertical angles in land-surveying.

Johnson. Cyc.

Theogony

THEOG'ONY, noun [French theogonie; Greek; God, and, or, to be born.]

In mythology, the generation of the gods; or that branch of heathen theology which taught the genealogy of their deities. Hesiod composed a poem concerning that theogony, or the creation of the world and the descent of the gods.

Theologaster

THEOL'OGASTER, noun A kind of quack in divinity; as a quack in medicine is called medicaster.

Burton.

Theologian

THEOLO'GIAN, noun [See Theology.] A divine; a person well versed in theology, or a professor of divinity.

Milton.

Theologic

THEOLOG'IC, or THEOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Theology.] Pertaining to divinity, or the science of God and of divine things; as a theological treatise; theological criticism.

Swift. Cyc.

Theologically

THEOLOG'ICALLY, adverb According to the principles of theology.

Theologist

THEOL'OGIST, noun A divine; one studious in the science of divinity, or one well versed in that science.

Theologize

THEOL'OGIZE, verb transitive To render theological.

Glanville.

2. verb intransitive To frame a system of theology. [Little used.]

Theologizer

THEOL'OGIZER, noun A divine, or a professor of theology. [Unusual.]

Boyle.

Theologue

THE'OLOGUE, for theologist, is not in use.

Theology

THEOL'OGY, noun [French theologie; Italian Spanish teologia; Greek; God, and, discourse.]

Divinity; the science of God and divine things; or the science which teaches the existence, character and attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to practice. Theology consists of two branches, natural and revealed. Natural theology is the knowledge we have of God from his works, by the light of nature and reason. Revealed theology is that which is to be learned only from revelation.

Moral theology, teaches us the divine laws relating to our manners and actions, that is, our moral duties.

Speculative theology, teaches or explains the doctrines of religion, as objects of faith.

Scholastic theology, is that which proceeds by reasoning, or which derives the knowledge of several divine things from certain established principles of faith.

Tillotson. Cyc.

Theomachist

THEOM'ACHIST, noun [Greek, God, and, combat.] One who fights against the gods.

Bailey.

Theomachy

THEOM'ACHY, noun [supra.] A fighting against the gods, as the battle of the giants with the gods.

2. Opposition to the divine will.

Theopathy

THEOP'ATHY, noun [Greek, God, and, passion.]

Religious suffering; suffering for the purpose of subduing sinful propensities.

Quart. Review.

Theorbo

THEOR'BO, noun [Italian tiorba; French tuorbe or leorbe.]

A musical instrument made like a large lute, except that it has two necks or juga, the second and longer of which sustains the four last rows of chords, which are to give the deepest sounds. The theorbo has eight base or thick strings twice as long as those of the lute, which excess of length renders the sound exceedingly soft, and continues it a great length of time.

Cyc.

Theorem

THE'OREM, noun [French theoreme; Spanish Italian teorema; Greek, from, to see.]

1. In mathematics, a proposition which terminates in theory, and which considers the properties of things already made or done; or it is a speculative proposition deduced from several definitions compared together.

A theorem is a proposition to be proved by a chain of reasoning. A theorem is something to be proved; a problem is something to be done.

Day.

2. In algebra or analysis, it is sometimes used to denote a rule, particularly when that rule is expressed by symbols.

Cyc.

A universal theorem, extends to any quantity without restriction.

A particular theorem, extends only to a particular quantity.

A negative theorem, expresses the impossibility of any assertion.

A local theorem, is that which relates to a surface.

A solid theorem, is that which considers a space terminated by a solid, that is, by any of the three conic sections.

Theorematic

THEOREMAT'IC, or THEOREMAT'ICAL, or THEOREM'IC, adjective Pertaining to a theorem; comprised in a theorem; consisting of theorems; as theoremic truth.

Grew.

Theoretic

THEORET'IC, or THEORET'ICAL, adjective [Greek. See Theory.]

Pertaining to theory; depending on theory or speculation; speculative; terminating in theory or speculation; not practical; as theoretical learning; theoretic sciences. The sciences are divided into theoretical, as theology, philosophy and the like, and practical, as medicine and law.

Theoretically

THEORET'ICALLY, adverb In or by theory; in speculation; speculatively; not practically. Some things appear to be theoretically true, which are found to be practically false.

Theoric

THE'ORIC, noun Speculation.

Shak.

Theoric

THEOR'IC, for theoretic, is not now used. [See Theoretic.]

Theoric revenue, in ancient Athens, was the revenue of the state appropriated to the support of theatrical exhibitions.

Mitford.

Theorist

THE'ORIST, noun One who forms theories; one given to theory and speculation.

The greatest theorists have given the preference to such a government as that of this kingdom.

Addison.

Theorzize

THE'ORZIZE, verb intransitive To form a theory or theories; to speculate; as, to theorize on the existence of phlogiston.

Theory

THE'ORY, noun [French theorie; Italian teoria; Latin theoria; Greek, from, to see or contemplate.]

1. Speculation; a doctrine or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice. It is here taken in an unfavorable sense, as implying something visionary.

2. An exposition of the general principles of any science; as the theory of music.

3. The science distinguished from the art; as the theory and practice of medicine.

4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral; as Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Smith's theory of moral sentiments.

Theory is distinguished from hypothesis thus; a theory is founded on inferences drawn from principles which have been established on independent evidence; a hypothesis is a proposition assumed to account for certain phenomena, and has no other evidence of its truth, than that it affords a satisfactory explanation of those phenomena.

Dutch Olmsted.

Theosophic

THEOSOPH'IC, or THEOSOPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to theosophism or to theosophists; divinely wise.

Theosophism

THEOS'OPHISM, noun [Greek, God, and, comment; wise.]

Pretension to divine illumination; enthusiasm.

Theosophist

THEOS'OPHIST, noun One who pretends to divine illumination; one who pretends to derive his knowledge from divine revelation.

Enfield.

Theosophy

THEOS'OPHY, noun Divine wisdom; godliness.

Ed. Encyc.

2. Knowledge of God.

Good.

Therapeutic

THERAPEU'TIC, adjective [Greek, from, to nurse, serve or cure.]

Curative; that pertains to the healing art; that is concerned in discovering and applying remedies for diseases.

Medicine is justly distributed into prophylactic, or the art of preserving health, and therapeutic, or the art of restoring it.

Watts.

Therapeutics

THERAPEU'TICS, noun That part of medicine which respects the discovery and application of remedies for diseases. Therapeutics teaches the use of diet and of medicines.

Cyc.

2. A religious sect described by Philo. They were devotees to religion.

There

THERE, adverb [Saxon thoer; Gothic thar; Dutch daar; Swedish d?r; Danish der. This word was formerly used as a pronoun, as well as an adverb of place. Thus in Saxon, thoerto was to him, to her, or to it.]

1. In that place.

The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed. Genesis 2.

2. It is sometimes opposed to here; there denoting the place most distant.

Darkness there might well seem twilight here.

Milton.

3. Here and there, in one place and another; as here a little and there a little.

4. It is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to something distant; as there, there; see there; look there.

5. There is used to begin sentences, or before a verb; sometimes pertinently, and sometimes without signification; but its use is so firmly established that it cannot be dispensed with.

Wherever there is sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced.

Locke.

There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by their good fortune or virtue.

Suckling.

And there came a voice from heaven, saying, thou art my beloved Son. Mark 1.

6. In composition, there has the sense of a pronoun, as in Saxon; as thereby, which signifies by that.

Thereabout

THEREABOUT', or THEREABOUTS', adverb [there and about. The latter is less proper, but most commonly used.]

1. Near that place.

Shak.

2. Nearly; near that number, degree or quantity; as ten men or thereabouts.

3. Concerning that. [Not much used.] Luke 24.

Thereafter

THERE'AFTER, adverb [there and after. Saxon thoer-oefter, after that.]

1. According to that; accordingly.

When you can draw the head indifferently well, proportion the body thereafter.

Peacham.

2. After that.

Spenser.

Thereat

THEREAT', adverb [there and at.] At that place.

Wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there are who go in thereat. Matthew 7.

2. At that; at that thing or event; on that account.

Every error is a stain to the beauty of nature; for which cause it blusheth thereat.

Hooker.

Thereby

THEREBY', adverb [there and by.] By that; by that means; in consequence of that.

Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace; thereby good shall come to thee. Job 22.

Therefor

THEREFOR', adverb [there and for.] For that or this, or it.

Therefore

THEREFORE, adv. ther'fore. [there and for.]

1. For that; for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated.

I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come. Luke 14.

2. Consequently.

He blushes; therefore he is guilty.

Spectator.

3. In return or recompense for this or that.

What shall we have therefore? Matthew 19.

Therefrom

THEREFROM', adverb [there and from.] From this or that.

Ã‚--Turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left. Joshua 23.

Therein

THEREIN', adverb [there and in.] In that or this place, time or thing.

Bring forth abundantly in the earth and multiply therein. Genesis 9.

Ye shall keep the sabbathÃ‚--whosoever doeth any work thereinÃ‚--that soul shall be cut off. Exodus 31.

Therein our letters do not well agree.

Shak.

Thereinto

THEREINTO', adverb [there and into.] Into that.

Bacon.

Thereof

THEREOF', adverb [there and of.] Of that or this.

In the day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Genesis 2.

Thereon

THEREON', adverb [there and on.] On that or this.

Then the king said, hang him thereon. Esther 7.

Thereout

THEREOUT', adverb [there and out.] Out of that or this. Leviticus 2.

Thereto

THERETO', or THEREUNTO', adverb [there and to or unto.] To that or this.

Add the fifth part thereto. Leviticus 5.

Thereunder

THEREUN'DER, adverb [there and under.] Under that or this.

Raleigh.

Thereupon

THEREUPON', adverb [there and upon.] Upon that or this.

The remnant of the house of Judah, they shall feed thereupon. Zephaniah 2.

2. In consequence of that.

He hopes to find you forward,

And thereupon he sends you this good news.

Shak.

3. Immediately.

Therewhile

THEREWHI'LE, adverb [there and while.] At the same time. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Therewith

THEREWITH', adverb [there and with.] With that or this.

I have learned in whatever state I am, therewith to be content. Philippians 4.

Therewithal

THEREWITHAL', adverb [there and withal.]

1. Over and above.

2. At the same time.

3. With that. [This word is obsolete.]

[The foregoing compounds of there with the prepositions, are for the most part deemed inelegant and obsolete. Some of them however are in good use, and particularly in the law style.]

Therf-Bread

THERF-BREAD, n. therf'bred. [Saxon thoerf, theorf, unfermented.] Unleavened bread. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Theriac

THE'RIAC, noun [Latin theriaca, Greek, treacle.]

A name given by the ancients to various compositions esteemed efficacious against the effects of poison, but afterwards restrained chiefly to what has been called Theriaca Andromachi, or Venice-treacle, which is a compound of sixty four drugs, prepared, pulverized, and reduced by means of honey to an electuary.

Cyc.

Theriac

THE'RIAC, or THERI'ACAL, adjective Pertaining to theriac; medicinal.

Bacon.

Thermal

THER'MAL, adjective [Latin thermoe, warm baths; Greek, from, to warm.] Pertaining to heat; warm.

Thermal waters, are warm or tepid mineral waters, whose heat varies from 92Ã‚-° to 112Ã‚-°.

Parr.

Thermolamp

THER'MOLAMP, noun [Greek, warm, from, heat, and lamp.]

An instrument for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas.

Med. Repos.

Thermometer

THERMOM'ETER, noun [Greek, warm, from, heat, and, measure.]

An instrument for measuring heat; founded on the property which heat possesses of expanding all bodies, the rate or quantity of expansion being supposed proportional to the degree of heat applied, and hence indicating that degree. The thermometer indicates only the sensible heat of bodies, and gives us no information respecting the quantity of latent heat, or of combined heat, which those bodies may contain.

Dutch Olmsted.

Thermometrical

THERMOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to a thermometer; as the thermometrical scale or tube.

2. Made by a thermometer; as thermometrical observations.

Thermometrically

THERMOMET'RICALLY, adverb By means of a thermometer.

Thermoscope

THER'MOSCOPE, noun [Greek, heat, and, to see.]

An instrument showing the temperature of the air, or the degree of heat and cold.

Arbuthnot.

These

THESE, pron. plu. of this. pronounced theez, and used as an adjective or substitute. These is opposed to those, as this is to that, and when two persons or things or collections of things are named, these refers to the things or persons which are nearest in place or order, or which are last mentioned.

Some place the bliss in action, some in ease;

Those call it pleasure, and contentment these.

Pope.

Here these is a substitute for these persons, and for the persons last mentioned, who place their bliss in ease.

Thesis

THE'SIS, noun [Latin thesis; Greek, a position, from, to set.]

1. A position or proposition which a person advances and offers to maintain, or which is actually maintained by argument; a theme; a subject.

2. In logic, every proposition may be divided into thesis and hypothesis. Thesis contains the thing affirmed or denied, and hypothesis the conditions of the affirmation or negation.

Cyc.

Thetical

THET'ICAL, adjective [from Greek. See Thesis.] Laid down.

More.

Theurgic

THEUR'GIC, or THEUR'GICAL, adjective [from theurgy.] Pertaining to the power of performing supernatural things.

Theurgic hymns, songs of incantation.

Theurgist

THE'URGIST, noun One who pretends to or is addicted to theurgy.

Hallywell.

Theurgy

THE'URGY, noun [Greek; God, and, work.]

The art of doing things which it is the peculiar province of God to do; or the power or act of performing supernatural things by invoking the names of God or of subordinate agents; magic. This has been divided by some writers into three parts; theurgy, or the operation by divine or celestial means; natural magic, performed by the powers of nature; and necromancy, which proceeds by invoking demons.

Cyc.

Thew

THEW, noun [Saxon theaw; Greek.] Manner; custom; habit; form of behavior. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. Brawn. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Thewed

THEW'ED, adjective Accustomed; educated. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

They

THEY, pron. plu.; objective case, them. [Saxon thoege; Gothic thai, thaim.]

1. The men, the women, the animals, the things. It is never used adjectively, but always as a pronoun referring to persons, or as a substitute referring to things.

They and their fathers have transgressed against me. Ezekiel 2.

They of Italy salute you. Hebrews 13.

Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness. Matthew 5.

2. It is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used man, and as the French use on. They say, [on dit,] that is, it is said by persons, indefinitely.

Thible

THI'BLE, noun A slice; a skimmer; a spatula. [Not in use or local.]

Ainsworth.

Thick

THICK, adjective [Saxon thic, thicca; German dick, dicht; Dutch dik, digt; Swedish tiock; Danish tyk and digt, thick, tight; Gael. Irish tiugh; Welsh tew, contracted. See Class Dg. No. 3. 8. 10. 22. 36. 57. The sense is probably taken from driving, forcing together or pressing.]

1. Dense; not thin; as thick vapors; a thick fog.

2. Inspissated; as, the paint is too thick.

3. Turbid; muddy; feculent; not clear; as, the water of a river is thick after a rain.

4. Noting the diameter of a body; as a piece of timber seven inches thick.

My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 1 Kings 12.

5. Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than usual; as a thick plank; thick cloth; thick paper.

6. Close; crowded with trees or other objects; as a thick forest or wood; thick grass; thick corn.

The people were gathered thick together.

Locke.

7. Frequent; following each other in quick succession. The shot flew thick as hail.

Favors came thick upon him.

Wotton.

Not thicker billows beat the Libyan main.

Dryden.

8. Set with things close to each other; not easily pervious.

Black was the forest, thick with beech it stood.

Dryden.

9. Not having due distinction of syllables or good articulation; as a thick utterance. He speaks too thick.

10. Dull; somewhat deaf; as thick of hearing.

Thick

THICK, noun The thickest part, or the time when any thing is thickest.

In the thick of the dust and smoke he presently entered his men.

Knolles.

2. A thicket. [Not in use.]

Drayton.

Thick and thin, whatever is in the way.

Through thick and thin she follow'd him.

Hudibras.

Thick

THICK, adverb Frequently; fast.

I hear the trampling of thick beating feet.

Dryden.

2. Closely; as a plat of ground thick sown.

Norris.

3. To a great depth, or to a thicker depth than usual; as a bed covered thick with tan; land covered thick with manure.

Thick and threefold, in quick succession, or in great numbers. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

Thick

THICK, verb intransitive To become thick or dense. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Thicken

THICKEN, v. t. thik'n. [Saxon thiccian.] To make thick or dense.

2. To make close; to fill up interstices; as, to thicken cloth.

3. To make concrete; to inspissate; as, to thicken paint, mortar or a liquid.

4. To strengthen; to confirm.

And this may help to thicken other proofs. [Not used.]

Shak.

5. To make frequent, or more frequent; as, to thicken blows.

6. To make close, or more close; to make more numerous; as, to thicken the ranks.

Thicken

THICKEN, v. i. thik'n. To become thick or more thick; to become dense; as, the fog thickens.

2. To become dark or obscure.

Thy luster thickens

When he shines by.

Shak.

3. To concrete; to be consolidated; as, the juices of plants thicken into wood.

4. To be inspissated; as, vegetable juices thicken, as the more volatile parts are evaporated.

5. To become close, or more close or numerous.

The press of people thickens to the court.

Dryden.

6. To become quick and animated.

The combat thickens.

Addison.

7. To become more numerous; to press; to be crowded. Proofs of the fact thicken upon us at every step.

Thickened

THICK'ENED, participle passive Made dense, or more dense; made more close or compact; made more frequent; inspissated.

Thickening

THICK'ENING, participle of the present tense Making dense or more dense, more close, or more frequent; inspissating.

Thickening

THICK'ENING, noun Something put into a liquid or mass to make it more thick.

Thicket

THICK'ET, noun A wood or collection of trees or shrubs closely set; as a ram caught in a thicket. Genesis 22.

Thickheaded

THICK'HEADED, adjective Having a thick skull; dull; stupid.

Thickish

THICK'ISH, adjective Somewhat thick.

Thickly

THICK'LY, adverb Deeply; to a great depth.

Boyle.

2. Closely; compactly.

3. In quick succession.

Thickness

THICK'NESS, noun The state of being thick; denseness; density; as the thickness of fog, vapor or clouds.

2. The state of being concrete or inspissated; consistence; spissitude; as the thickness of paint or mortar; the thickness of honey; the thickness of the blood.

3. The extent of a body from side to side, or from surface to surface; as the thickness of a tree; the thickness of a board; the thickness of the hand; the thickness of a layer of earth.

4. Closeness of the parts; the state of being crowded or near; as the thickness of trees in a forest; the thickness of a wood.

5. The state of being close, dense or impervious; as the thickness of shades.

Addison.

6. Dullness of the sense of hearing; want of quickness or acuteness; as thickness of hearing.

Swift.

Thickset

THICK'SET, adjective [thick and set.] Close planted; as a thickset wood.

Dryden.

2. Having a short thick body.

Thickskull

THICK'SKULL, noun [thick and skull.] Dullness; or a dull person; a blockhead.

Entick.

Thickskulled

THICK'SKULLED, adjective Dull; heavy; stupid; slow to learn.

Thickskin

THICK'SKIN, noun [thick and skin.] A coarse gross person; a blockhead.

Entick.

Thicksprung

THICK'SPRUNG, adjective [thick and sprung.] Sprung up close together.

Entick. Shak.

Thief

THIEF, noun plu. thieves. [Saxon theof; Swedish tiuf; Dutch dief; German dieb; Gothic thiubs; Danish tyv.] A person guilty of theft.

1. One who secretly, unlawfully and feloniously takes the goods or personal property of another. The thief takes the property of another privately; the robber by open force.

Blackstone.

2. One who takes the property of another wrongfully, either secretly or by violence. Job 30.

A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, who stripped him of his raiment. Luke 10.

3. One who seduces by false doctrine. John 10.

4. One who makes it his business to cheat and defraud; as a den of thieves. Matthew 21.

5. An excrescence in the snuff of a candle.

May.

Thief-Catcher

THIE'F-CATCHER, noun [thief and catch.] One who catches thieves, or whose business is to detect thieves and bring them to justice.

Thief-Leader

THIE'F-LEADER, noun [thief and lead.] One who leads or takes a thief. [Not much used.]

Thief-Taker

THIE'F-TAKER, noun [thief and taker.] One whose business is to find and take thieves and bring them to justice.

Thieve

THIEVE, verb intransitive [from thief.] To steal; to practice theft.

Thievery

THIE'VERY, noun The practice of stealing; theft. [See Theft.]

Among the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good and honest.

South.

2. That which is stolen.

Shak.

Thievish

THIE'VISH, adjective Given to stealing; addicted to the practice of theft; as a thievish boy.

Or with a base and boist'rous sword enforce

A thievish living on the common road.

Shak.

2. Secret; sly; acting by stealth; as thievish minutes.

Shak.

3. Partaking of the nature of theft; as a thievish practice.

Thievishly

THIE'VISHLY, adverb In a thievish manner; by theft.

Thievishness

THIE'VISHNESS, noun The disposition to steal.

2. The practice or habit of stealing.

Thigh

THIGH, noun [Saxon thegh, theo or theoh; Dutch dye; German dick-bein, thick-bone. The German explains the word; thigh is thick.]

That part of men, quadrupeds and fowls, which is between the leg and the trunk.

As the word signifies, it is the thick part of the lower limbs.

Thilk

THILK, pron. [Saxon thilc.] The same. Obs.

Spenser.

Thill

THILL, noun [Saxon thil or thill.] The shaft of a cart, gig or other carriage. The thills are the two pieces of timber extending from the body of the carriage on each side of the last horse, by which the carriage is supported in a horizontal position.

Thiller

THILL'ER, or THILL'-HORSE, noun The horse which goes between the thills or shafts, and supports them. In a team, the last horse.

Cyc. Shak.

Thimble

THIM'BLE, noun [I know not the origin or primary sense of this word. Possibly it may be from thumb. In Gaelic, temeheal is a cover.]

1. A kind of cap or cover for the finger, usually made of metal, used by tailors and seamstresses for driving the needle through cloth.

2. In sea language, an iron ring with a hollow or groove round its whole circumference, to receive the rope which is spliced about it.

Mar. Dict.

Thime

THIME. [See Thyme.]

Thin

THIN, adjective [Saxon thinn, thynn; German dÃƒ-¼nn; Dutch dun; Swedish tunn; Danish tynd; Welsh tenau, teneu; Latin tenuis; Gaelic, tanadh; Russian tonkei. Qu. Greek, narrow. It appears to be connected with Welsh ten, tan, stretched, extended, Greek. Qu. Arabic. In sense it is allied to Syriac Hebrew Chaldee Ethiopic, but I know not whether the first consonant of this word is a prefix. See Class Dn. No. 12. 25.]

1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to the opposite; as a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering.

2. Rare; not dense; applied to fluids or to soft mixtures; as thin blood; thin milk; thin air.

In the day, when the air is more thin.

Bacon.

3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals that compose the thing in a close or compact state; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin. A thin audience in church is not uncommon. Important legislative business should not be transacted in a thin house.

4. Not full or well grown.

Seven thin ears. Genesis 41.

5. Slim; small; slender; lean. A person becomes thin by disease. Some animals are naturally thin.

6. Exile; small; fine; not full.

Thin hollow sounds, and lamentable screams.

Dryden.

7. Not thick or close; of a loose texture; not impervious to the sight; as a thin vail.

8. Not crowded or well stocked; not abounding.

Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people.

Addison.

9. Slight; not sufficient for a covering; as a thin disguise.

Thin

THIN, adverb Not thickly or closely; in a scattered state; as seed sown thin.

Spain is thin sown of people.

Bacon.

Thin

THIN, verb transitive [Saxon thinnian; Russian tonyu; Latin tenuo. See Attenuate.]

1. To make thin; to make rare or less thick; to attenuate; as, to thin the blood.

2. To make less close, crowded or numerous; as, to thin the ranks of an enemy; to thin the trees or shrubs of a thicket.

3. To attenuate; to rarefy; to make less dense; as, to thin the air; to thin the vapors.

Thine

THINE, pronominal adj. [Gothic theins, theina; Saxon thin; German dein; French tien; probably contracted from thigen. See Thou.]

Thy; belonging to thee; relating to thee; being the property of thee. It was formerly used for thy, before a vowel.

Then thou mightest eat grapes thy fill, at thine own pleasure. Deuteronomy 32.

But in common usage, thy is now used before a vowel in all cases.

The principal use of thine now is when a verb is interposed between this word and the noun to which it refers. I will not take any thing that is thine. Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory.

In the following passage, thine is used as a substitute for thy righteousness.

I will make mention of thy righteousness, even of thine only. Psalm 71.

In some cases, it is preceded by the sign of the possessive case, like nouns, and is then also to be considered as a substitute.

If any of thine be driven out to the utmost parts of heavenÃ‚-- Deuteronomy 30.

It is to be observed that thine, like thou, is used only in the solemn style. In familiar and common language, your and yours are always used in the singular number as well as the plural.

Thing

THING, noun [Saxon thing, a thing, a cause; for his thingon, for his cause or sake; also, thing and gething, a meeting, council or convention; thingan, thingian, to hold a meeting, to plead, to supplicate; thingere, an intercessor; thingung, intercession; German ding, a thing, a court; dingen, to go to law, to hire or haggle; Dingstag, Tuesday, [thing's day;] beding, condition, clause; bedingen, to agree, to bargain or contract, to cheapen; Dutch ding, thing, business; dingen, to plead, to attempt, to cheapen; dingbank, the bar; dingdagen, session-days; dinger, dingster, a pleader; dingtaal, plea; Dingsdag, Tuesday; beding, condition, agreement; bedingen, to condition; Swedish ting, thing, cause, also a court, assizes; tinga, to hire, bargain or agree; Danish ting, a thing, affair, business, case, a court of justice; tinger, to strike up a bargain, to haggle; tingbog, records of a court, [thing-book;] tingdag, the court day, the assizes; tinghold, jurisdiction; tingmoend, jurors, jury, [thing-men;] tingsag, a cause or suit at law, [thing-sake.] The primary sense of thing is that which comes, falls or happens, like event, from Latin evenio. The primary sense of the root, which is tig or thig, is to press, urge, drive or strain, and hence its application to courts, or suits at law; a seeking of right. We observe that Dingsdag, Dingdag, in some of the dialects signifies Tuesday, and this from the circumstance that that day of the week was, as it still is in some states, the day of opening courts; that is, litigation day, or suitors' day, a day of striving for justice; or perhaps combat-day, the day of trial by battle. This leads to the unfolding of another fact. Among our ancestors, Tig or Tiig, was the name of the deity of combat and war, the Teutonic Mars; that is, strife, combat deified. This word was contracted into tiw or tu, and hence Tiwes-doeg or Tues-doeg, Tuesday, the day consecrated to Tiig, the god of war. But it seems this is merely the day of commencing court and trial; litigation day. This Tiig, the god of war, is strife, and this leads us to the root of thing, which is to drive, urge, strive. So res, in Latin, is connected with reus, accused. For words of like signification, see Sake and Cause.]

1. An event or action; that which happens or falls out, or that which is done, told or proposed. This is the general signification of the word in the Scriptures; as after these things, that is, events.

And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight, because of his son. Genesis 21.

Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, the thing proceedeth from the Lord. Genesis 24.

And Jacob said, all these things are against me. Genesis 42.

I will tell you by what authority I do these things. Matthew 21.

These things said Esaias when he saw his glory. John 12.

In learning French, choose such books as will teach you things as well as language.

Jay to Littlepage.

2. Any substance; that which is created; any particular article or commodity.

He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of EgyptÃ‚-- Genesis 42.

They took the things which Micah had made. Judges 18.

3. An animal; as every living thing; every creeping thing. Genesis 1.

[This application of the word is improper, but common in popular and vulgar language.]

4. A portion or part; something.

Wicked men who understand any thing of wisdomÃ‚--

Tillotson.

5. In contempt.

I have a thing in prose.

Swift.

6. Used of persons in contempt.

See, sons, what things you are.

Shak.

The poor thing sigh'd.

Addison.

I'll be this abject thing no more.

Granville.

7. Used in a sense of honor.

I see thee here,

Thou noble thing!

Shak.

Think

THINK, verb intransitive pret. and pp. thought, pron. thaut. [Saxon thincan, thencan; Gothic thagkyan; Swedish tycka and toenka; Danish tykker and toenker; Dutch denken, to think, and gedagt, thought; German denken, to think, and gedÃƒ-¤chtniss, remembrance; gedanke, thought; nachdenken, to ponder or meditate; Greek; Syriac Chaldee; allied to Latin duco. We observe n is casual, and omitted in the participle thought. The sense seems to be to set in the mind, or to draw out, as in meditation. Class Dg. No. 9.]

1. To have the mind occupied on some subject; to have ideas, or to revolve ideas in the mind.

Ã‚--For that I am

I know, because I think.

Dryden.

These are not matters to be slightly thought on.

Tillotson.

2. To judge; to conclude; to hold as a settled opinion. I think it will rain to-morrow. I think it not best to proceed on our journey.

Let them marry to whom they think best. Numbers 36.

3. To intend.

Thou thought'st to help me.

Shak.

I thought to promote thee to great honor. Numbers 24.

4. To imagine; to suppose; to fancy.

Edmund, I think, is gone

In pity of his misery, to dispatch

His 'nighted life.

Shak.

Let him that thinketh he standeth, take heed lest he fall. 1 Corinthians 10.

5. To muse; to meditate.

While Peter thought on the visionÃ‚--Acts 10.

Think much, speak little.

Dryden.

6. To reflect; to recollect or call to mind.

And when Peter thought thereon, he wept. Mark 14.

7. To consider; to deliberate. Think how this thing could happen.

He thought within himself, saying, what shall I do? Luke 12.

8. To presume.

Think not to say within yourselves, we have Abraham to our fatherÃ‚-- Matthew 3.

9. To believe; to esteem.

To think on or upon, to muse on; to meditate on.

If there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. Philippians 4.

2. To light on by meditation. He has just thought on an expedient that will answer the purpose.

3. To remember with favor.

Think upon me, my God, for good. Nehemiah 5.

To think of, to have ideas come into the mind. He thought of what you told him. I would have sent the books, but I did not think of it.

To think well of, to hold in esteem; to esteem.

Think

THINK, verb transitive To conceive; to imagine.

CharityÃ‚--thinketh no evil. 1 Corinthians 13.

2. To believe; to consider; to esteem.

Nor think superfluous others' aid.

Milton.

3. To seem or appear, as in the phrases, me thinketh or methinks, and methought. These are genuine Saxon phrases, equivalent to it seems to me, it seemed to me. In these expressions, me is actually in the dative case; almost the only instance remaining in the language. Saxon "genoh thuht," satis visum est, it appeared enough or sufficient; "me thincth," mihi videtur, it seems to me; I perceive.

To think much, to grudge.

He thought not much to clothe his enemies.

Milton.

To think much of, to hold in high esteem.

To think scorn, to disdain. Esther 3.

Thinker

THINK'ER, noun One who thinks; but chiefly, one who thinks in a particular manner; as a close thinker; a deep thinker; a coherent thinker.

Locke. Swift.

Thinking

THINK'ING, participle of the present tense Having ideas; supposing; judging; imagining; intending; meditating.

2. adjective Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas. Man is a thinking being.

Thinking

THINK'ING, noun Imagination; cogitation; judgment.

I heard a bird so sing,

Whose music, to my thinking, pleas'd the king.

Shak.

Thinly

THIN'LY, adverb [from thin.] In a loose scattered manner; not thickly; as ground thinly planted with trees; a country thinly inhabited.

Thinness

THIN'NESS, noun The state of being thin; smallness of extent from one side or surface to the opposite; as the thinness of ice; the thinness of a plate; the thinness of the skin.

2. Tenuity; rareness; as the thinness of air or other fluid.

3. A state approaching to fluidity, or even fluidity; opposed to spissitude; as the thinness of honey, of white wash or of point.

4. Exility; as the thinness of a point.

5. Rareness; a scattered state; paucity; as the thinness of trees in a forest; the thinness of inhabitants.

Third

THIRD, a. thurd. [Saxon thridda; Gothic thridya; German dritte; Dutch derde; Swedish Danish tredie; French tiers; Latin tertius; Greek; Welsh trydy.]

The first after the second; the ordinal of three. The third hour in the day among the ancients, was nine o'clock in the morning.

Third estate, in the British nation, is the commons; or in the legislature, the house of commons.

Third order, among the Catholics, is a sort of religious order that observes the same rule and the same manner of life in proportion as some other two orders previously instituted; as the third order of Franciscans, instituted by St. Francis in 1221.

Cyc.

Third point or tierce point, in architecture, the point of section in the vertex of an equilateral triangle.

Cyc.

Third rate, in navies. A third rate ship carries from 64 to 80 guns.

Third sound, in music. See the noun Third.

Third

THIRD, n. thurd. The third part of any thing. A man takes land and tills it for one third of the produce; the owner taking two thirds.

2. The sixtieth part of a second of time.

3. In music, an interval containing three diatonic sounds; the major composed of two tones, called by the Greeks ditone, and the minor called hemiditone, consisting of a tone and a half.

Rousseau. Busby.

Thirdborough

THIRDBOROUGH, n. thurd'burro. [third and borough.] An under constable.

Johnson.

Thirdings

THIRD'INGS, noun The third year of the corn or grain growing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord for a heriot, within the manor of Turfat in Herefordshire.

Cyc.

Thirdly

THIRD'LY, adverb In the third place.

Bacon.

Thirds

THIRDS, n. plu. The third part of the estate of a deceased husband, which by law the widow is entitled to enjoy during her life.

N. England.

Thirl

THIRL, v. t. thurl. [Saxon thirlian.] To bore; to perforate. It is now written drill and thrill. [See these words, and see Nos tril.]

Thirlage

THIRLAGE, n. thurl'age. In English customs, the right which the owner of a mill possesses by contract or law, to compel the tenants of a certain district to bring all their grain to his mill for grinding.

Cyc.

Thirst

THIRST, n. thurst. [Saxon thurst, thyrst; German durst; Dutch dorst; Swedish t?rst; Danish tÃƒ-¶rst, from tÃƒ-¶r, dry; tÃƒ-¶rrer, to dry, Dutch dorren, Latin torreo, Swedish torka.]

1. A painful sensation of the throat or fauces, occasioned by the want of drink.

Wherefore is it that thou hast brought us out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? Exodus 17.

2. A vehement desire of drink. Psalm 104.

3. A want and eager desire after any thing.

Thirst of worldly good.

Fairfax.

Thirst of knowledge.

Milton.

Thirst of praise.

Granville.

Thirst after happiness.

Cheyne.

But for is now more generally used after thirst; as a thirst for worldly honors; a thirst for praise.

4. Dryness; drouth.

The rapid current, through veins

Of porous earth with kindly thirst updrawn,

Rose a fresh fountainÃ‚--

Milton.

Thirst

THIRST, v. i. thurst. [Saxon thyrstan; Dutch dorsten; German dursten; Swedish t?rsta; Danish tÃƒ-¶rster.]

1. To experience a painful sensation of the throat or fauces for want of drink.

The people thirsted there for water. Exodus 17.

2. To have a vehement desire for any thing.

My soul thirsteth for the living God. Psalm 42.

Thirst

THIRST, verb transitive To want to drink; as, to thirst blood. [Not English.]

Prior.

Thirstiness

THIRST'INESS, noun [from thirsty.] The state of being thirsty; thirst.

Wotton.

Thirsting

THIRST'ING, participle of the present tense Feeling pain for want of drink; having eager desire.

Thirsty

THIRST'Y, adjective [from thirst.] Feeling a painful sensation of the throat or fauces for want of drink.

Give me a little water, for I am thirsty. Judges 4.

I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink. Matthew 25.

2. Very dry; having no moisture; parched.

The thirsty land shall become springs of water. Isaiah 35.

3. Having a vehement desire of any thing; as in blood-thirsty. Isaiah 44, 65.

Thirteen

THIRTEEN, a. thur'teen. [Saxon threottyne; three and ten; Swedish tretton; German dreyzehn; Dutch dertien.] Ten and three; as thirteen times.

Thirteenth

THIRTEENTH, a. thur'teenth. [supra.] The third after the tenth; the ordinal of thirteen; as the thirteenth day of the month.

Thirteenth

THIRTEENTH, n. thur'teenth. In music, an interval forming the octave of the sixth, or sixth of the octave.

Busby.

Thirtieth

THIRTIETH, a. thur'tieth. [from thirty; Saxon thrittigotha.]

The tenth threefold; the ordinal of thirty; as the thirtieth day of the month.

Thirty

THIRTY, a. thur'ty. [Saxon thrittig; German dreissig; Dutch dertig.]

Thrice ten; ten three times repeated; or twenty and ten. The month of June consists of thirty days. Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh.

This

THIS, definitive adjective or substitute. plu. these. [Saxon this; Danish plu. disse; Swedish dessa, desse; German das, dessen; Dutch deeze, dit.]

1. This is a definitive, or definitive adjective, denoting something that is present or near in place or time, or something just mentioned. Is this your younger brother? What trespass is this which ye have committed?

Who did sin, this man or his parents, that he was born blind? John 9.

When they heard this, they were pricked to the heart. Acts 2.

In the latter passage, this is a substitute for what had preceded, viz. the discourse of Peter just delivered. In like manner, this often represents a word, a sentence or clause, or a series of sentences or events.

In some cases, it refers to what is future, or to be immediately related.

But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken up. Matthew 24.

Here this refers to the whole subsequent member of the sentence.

2. By this, is used elliptically for by this time; as, by this the mail has arrived.

3. This is used with words denoting time past; as, I have taken no snuff for this month; and often with plural words. I have not wept this forty years.

In this case, this, in the singular, refers to the whole term of time, or period; this period of forty years.

Dryden.

4. This is opposed to that.

This way and that the wav'ring sails they bend.

Pope.

A body of this or that denomination is produced.

Boyle.

This and that, in this use, denote difference indefinitely.

5. When this and that refer to different things before expressed, this refers to the thing last mentioned, and that to the thing first mentioned. [See These.]

Their judgment in this we may not, and in in that we need not, follow.

Hooker.

6. It is sometimes opposed to other.

Consider the arguments which the author had to write this, or to design the other, before you arraign him.

Dryden.

Thistle

THISTLE, n. this'l. [Saxon thistel; German, Dutch distel; Swedish tistel.]

The common name of numerous prickly plants of the class Syngenesia, and several genera; as the common corn thistle, or Canada thistle, of the genus Serratula or Cnicus; the spear thistle of the genus Cnicus; the milk thistle of the genus Carduus; the blessed thistle of the genus Centaurea; the globe thistle of the genus Echinops; the cotton thistle of the genus Onopordon; and the sow thistle of the genus Sonchus. The name is also given to other prickly plants not of the class Syngenesia; as the fuller's thistle or teasel of the genus Dipsacus, and the melon thistle and torch thistle of the genus Cactus.

Lee. Bigelow.

One species of thistle, (Cnicus arvensis,) grows in fields among grain, and is extremely troublesome to farmers. It is called in America the Canada thistle, as it first appeared in Canada, where it was probably introduced from France, as it abounds in Normandy, and also in England. A larger species in America (Cnicus

lanceolatus,) is indigenous, but it spreads slowly and gives no trouble.

Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee. Genesis 3.

Thistly

THISTLY, a. this'ly. Overgrown with thistles; as thistly ground.

Thither

THITH'ER, adverb [Saxon thider, thyder.] To that place; opposed to hither.

This city is near, O let me escape thither. Genesis 19.

Where I am, thither ye cannot come. John 7.

2. To that end or point.

Hither and thither, to this place and to that; one way and another.

Thitherward

THITH'ERWARD, adverb [thither and ward.]

Toward that place.

They shall ask the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward. Jer. 1.

Tho

THO, a contraction of though. [See Though.]

2. Tho, for Saxon thonne, then. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Thole

THOLE, noun [Saxon thol; Irish Gaelic, dula, a pin or peg.]

1. A pin inserted into the gunwale of a boat, to keep the oar in the row-lock, when used in rowing.

Mar. Dict.

2. The pin or handle of a sythe-snath.

Thole

THOLE, verb transitive [Saxon tholian; Gothic thulan; German, Dutch dulden; Swedish t?la; Latin tollo, tolero.]

To bear; to endure; to undergo. Obs.

Gower.

Thole

THOLE, verb intransitive [supra.] To wait. [Local.]

Thole

THOLE, noun [Latin tholus.] The roof of a temple. [Not used or local.]

Thomaism

THO'MAISM, or THO'MISM, noun The doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas with respect to predestination and grace.

Thomist

THO'MIST, noun A follower of Thomas Aquinas, in opposition to the Scotists.

Thomsonite

THOM'SONITE, noun [from Thomson.] A mineral of the zeolite family, occurring generally in masses of a radiated structure.

Thong

THONG, noun [Saxon thwang.] A strap of lether, used for fastening any thing.

And nails for loosen'd spears, and thongs for shields provide.

Dryden.

Thoracic

THORAC'IC, adjective [Latin thorax, the breast.] Pertaining to the breast; as the thoracic arteries.

Coxe.

The thoracic duct, is the trunk of the absorbent vessels. It runs up along the spine from the receptacle of the chyle to the left subclavian vein, in which it terminates.

Cyc. Parr.

Thoracics

THORAC'ICS, n. plu. In ichthyology, an order of bony fishes, respiring by means of gills only, the character of which is that the bronchia are ossiculated, and the ventral fins are placed underneath the thorax, or beneath the pectoral fins.

Linne. Cyc.

Thoral

THO'RAL, adjective [Latin thorus, or rather torus.] Pertaining to a bed.

Ayliffe.

Thorax

THO'RAX, noun [Latin] In anatomy, that part of the human skeleton which consists of the bones of the chest; also, the cavity of the chest.

Cyc.

Thorina

THORI'NA, noun A newly discovered earth, resembling zirconia, found in gadolinite by Berzelius.

Ure.

Thorn

THORN, noun [Saxon thorn; German dorn; Dutch doorn; Danish torne; Slav. tern; Gothic thaurnus; Welsh draen. Qu. is not the latter contracted from the Gaelic dreaghum?]

1. A tree or shrub armed with spines or sharp ligneous shoots; as the black thorn; white thorn, &c. The word is sometimes applied to a bush with prickles; as a rose on a thorn.

2. A sharp ligneous or woody shoot from the stem of a tree or shrub; a sharp process from the woody part of a plant; a spine. Thorn differs from prickle; the latter being applied to the sharp points issuing from the bark of a plant and not attached to the wood, as in the rose and bramble. But in common usage, thorn is applied to the prickle of the rose, and in fact the two words are used promiscuously.

3. Any thing troublesome. St. Paul had a thorn in the flesh. 2 Corinthians 12. Numbers 33.

4. In Scripture, great difficulties and impediments.

I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hosea 2.

5. Worldly cares; things which prevent the growth of good principles. Matthew 13.

Thorn-Apple

THORN'-APPLE, noun [thorn and apple.] A plant of the genus Datura; a popular name of the Datura Stramonium, or apple of Peru.

Bigelow.

Thorn-Back

THORN'-BACK, noun [thorn and back.] A fish of the ray kind, which has prickles on its back.

Cyc.

Thorn-Bush

THORN'-BUSH, noun A shrub that produces thorns.

Thorn-But

THORN'-BUT, noun A fish, a but or turbot.

Ainsworth.

Thorn-Hedge

THORN'-HEDGE, noun [thorn and hedge.] A hedge or fence consisting of thorn.

Thornless

THORN'LESS, adjective Destitute of thorns; as a thornless shrub or tree.

Muhlenberg.

Thorny

THORN'Y, adjective Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; as a thorny wood; a thorny tree; a thorny diadem or crown.

Dryden. Raleigh.

2. Troublesome; vexatious; harassing; perplexing; as thorny care; the thorny path of vice.

3. Sharp; pricking; vexatious; as thorny points.

Shak.

Thorny Rest-Harrow

THORN'Y REST-HARROW, noun A plant.

Cyc.

Thorny-Trefoil

THORN'Y-TREFOIL, noun A plant of the genus Fagonia.

Lee.

Thorough

THOROUGH, a. thur'ro. [Saxon thurh; German durch; Dutch door. In these languages, the word is a preposition; but as a preposition we write it through. See this word. It is evidently from the root of door, which signifies a passage, and the radix of the word signifies to pass.]

1. Literally, passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet.

Dryden.

2. Passing through; as thorough lights in a house.

Bacon.

Thorough

THOROUGH, prep. thur'ro. From side to side, or from end to end.

2. By means of. [Not now used.] [See Through.]

Thorough

THOROUGH, n. thur'ro. An inter-furrow between two ridges.

Cyc.

Thorough-Base

THOROUGH-BASE, n. thur'ro-base. [thorough and base.]

In music, an accompaniment to a continued base by figures.

Cyc.

Thorough-Bred

THOROUGH-BRED, a. thur'ro-bred. [thorough and bred.] Completely taught or accomplished.

Thorough-Fare

THOROUGH-FARE, n. thur'ro-fare. [thorough and fare.]

1. A passage through; a passage from one street or opening to another; an unobstructed way.

2. Power of passing.

Milton.

Thoroughly

THOROUGHLY, adv. thur'roly. Fully; entirely; completely; as a room thoroughly swept; a business thoroughly performed. Let the matter be thoroughly sifted. Let every part of the work be thoroughly finished.

Thorough-Paced

THOROUGH-PACED, a. thur'ro-paced. [thorough and paced.]

Perfect in what is undertaken; complete; going all lengths; as a thorough-paced tory or whig.

Swift.

Thorough-Sped

THOROUGH-SPED, a. thur'ro-sped. [thorough and sped.]

Fully accomplished; thorough-paced.

Swift.

Thorough-Stitch

THOROUGH-STITCH, adv. thur'ro-stitch. [thorough and stitch.]

Fully; completely; going the whole length of any business. [Not elegant.]

L'Estrange.

Thorough-Wax

THOROUGH-WAX, n. thur'ro-wax. [thorough and wax.] A plant of the genus Bupleurum.

Lee.

Thorough-Wort

THOROUGH-WORT, n. thur'ro-wort. The popular name of a plant, the Eupatorium perfoliatum, a native of N. America. It is valued in medicine.

Thorp

THORP, Saxon thorpe; Dutch dorp; German dorf; Swedish Danish torp; Welsh trev; Gaelic, Irish treabh; Latin tribus. The word in Welsh signifies a dwelling place, a homestead, a hamlet, a town. When applied to a single house, it answers to the Saxon ham, a house, whence hamlet and home. In the Teutonic dialects, it denotes a village. The primary sense is probably a house, a habitation, from fixedness; hence a hamlet, a village, a tribe; as in rude ages the dwelling of the head of a family was soon surrounded by the houses of his children and descendants. In our language, it occurs now only in names of places and persons.

Thos

THOS, noun An animal of the wolf kind, but larger than the common wolf. It is common in Surinam. It preys on poultry and water fowls.

Cyc.

Those

THOSE, pron. s as z. plu. of that; as those men; those temples. When those and these are used in reference to two things or collections of things, those refers to the first mentioned, as these does to the last mentioned. [See These, and the example there given.]

Thou

THOU, pron. in the obj. thee. [Saxon thu; German Swedish Danish du; Latin French Italian Spanish Portugese tu; Sanscrit tuam. The nominative case is probably contracted, for in the oblique cases it is in Swedish and Danish dig, in Gothic thuk, Saxon thec. So in Hindoo, tu in the nominative, makes in the dative, tuko; Gipsey, tu, tuke. In Russian the verb is tukayu, to thou.]

The second personal pronoun, in the singular number; the pronoun which is used in addressing persons in the solemn style.

Art thou he that should come? Matthew 11.

I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Psalm 23.

Thou is used only in the solemn style, unless in very familiar language, and by the Quakers.

Thou

THOU, verb transitive To treat with familiarity.

If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss.

Shak.

Thou

THOU, verb intransitive To use thou and thee in discourse.

Though

THOUGH, v. i. tho. [Saxon theah; Gothic thauh; German doch; Swedish dock; Dutch Danish dog. This is the imperative of a verb; Irish daighim, to give, Dutch dokken.]

1. Grant; admit; allow. "If thy brother be waxen poorÃ‚--thou shalt relieve him; yea, though he be a stranger." Grant or admit the fact that he is a stranger, yet thou shalt relieve him. Leviticus 25.

Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job 13.

That is, grant or admit that he shall slay me, yet will I trust in him.

Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished. Proverbs 11.

That is, admit the fact that the wicked unite their strength, yet this will not save them from punishment.

Not that I so affirm, though so it seem.

Milton.

That is, grant that it seems so, yet I do not so affirm.

2. Used with as.

In the vine were three branches, and it was as though it budded. Genesis 40.

So we use as if; it was as if it budded; and if is gif, give. The appearance was like the real fact, if admitted or true.

3. It is used in familiar language, at the end of a sentence.

A good cause would do well though.

Dryden.

This is generally or always elliptical, referring to some expression preceding or understood.

4. It is compounded with all, in although, which see.

Thought

THOUGHT, pret. and participle passive of think; pronounced thaut.

Thought

THOUGHT, n. thaut. [primarily the passive participle of think, supra; Saxon theaht.]

1. Properly, that which the mind thinks. Thought is either the act or operation of the mind, when attending to a particular subject or thing, or it is the idea consequent on that operation. We say, a man's thoughts are employed on government, on religion, on trade or arts, or his thoughts are employed on his dress or his means of living. By this we mean that the mind is directed to that particular subject or object; that is, according to the literal import of the verb think, the mind, the intellectual part of man, is set upon such an object, it holds it in view or contemplation, or it extends to it, it stretches to it.

Thought cannot be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render it true that matter can become cogitative.

Dwight.

2. Idea; conception. I wish to convey my thoughts to another person. I employ words that express my thoughts, so that he may have the same ideas; in this case, our thoughts will be alike.

3. Fancy; conceit; something framed by the imagination.

Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to choose or reject.

Dryden.

4. Reflection; particular consideration.

Why do you keep alone?

Using those thoughts which should have died

With them they think on.

Shak.

5. Opinion; judgment.

Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thoughts.

Pope.

6. Meditation; serious consideration.

Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault,

Proceeds from want of sense or want of thought.

Roscommon.

7. Design; purpose.

All their thoughts are against me for evil. Psalm 56, 33. Jeremiah 29.

8. Silent contemplation.

Shak.

9. Solicitude; care; concern.

Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before his business came to an end.

Bacon.

10. Inward reasoning; the workings of conscience.

Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing one another. Romans 2.

11. A small degree or quantity; as a thought longer; a thought better. [Not in use.]

Hooker. Sidney.

To take thought, to be solicitous or anxious. Matthew 6.

Thoughtful

THOUGHT'FUL, adjective Full of thought; contemplative; employed in meditation; as a man of thoughtful mind.

2. Attentive; careful; having the mind directed to an object; as thoughtful of gain.

Philips.

3. Promoting serious thought; favorable to musing or meditation.

War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades.

Pope.

4. Anxious; solicitous.

Around her crowd distrust and doubt and fear.

And thoughtful foresight, and tormenting care.

Prior.

Thoughtfully

THOUGHT'FULLY, adverb With thought or consideration; with solicitude.

Thoughtfulness

THOUGHT'FULNESS, noun Deep meditation.

Blackmore.

2. Serious attention to spiritual concerns.

3. Anxiety; solicitude.

Thoughtless

THOUGHT'LESS, adjective Heedless; careless; negligent.

Thoughtless of the future.

Rogers.

2. Gay; dissipated.

3. Stupid; dull.

Thoughtless as monarch oaks that shade the plain.

Dryden.

Thoughtlessly

THOUGHT'LESSLY, adverb Without thought; carelessly; stupidly.

Garth.

Thoughtlessness

THOUGHT'LESSNESS, noun Want of thought; heedlessness; carelessness; inattention.

Thoughtsick

THOUGHT'SICK, adjective [thought and sick.] Uneasy with reflection.

Shak.

Thousand

THOU'SAND, a. s as z. [Saxon thusend; Gothic thusund; German tausend; Dutch duizend; Swedish tusend; Danish tusind.]

1. Denoting the number of ten hundred.

2. Proverbially, denoting a great number indefinitely. It is a thousand chances to one that you succeed.

Thousand

THOU'SAND, noun The number of ten hundred.

A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand. Psalm 91.

Thousand is sometimes used plurally without the plural termination, as in the passage above, ten thousand; but it often takes the plural termination. In former times, how many thousands perished by famine!

Thousandth

THOU'SANDTH, adjective The ordinal of thousand; as the thousandth part of a thing; also proverbially, very numerous.

Thousandth

THOU'SANDTH, noun The thousandth part of any thing; as two thousandths of a tax.

Thowl

THOWL [See Thole.]

Thrack

THRACK, verb transitive To load or burden. [Not in use.]

South.

Thrall

THRALL, noun [Saxon thrall, a slave or servant; Danish troel; Swedish tr?l; Icelandic troel; Irish trail; Gaelic, traill.]

1. A slave.

2. Slavery. Obs.

Thrall

THRALL, verb transitive To enslave. Obs. [Enthrall is in use.]

Thralldom

THRALL'DOM, noun [Danish troeldom.] Slavery; bondage; a state of servitude. The Greeks lived in thralldom under the Turks, nearly four hundred years.

He shall rule, and she in thralldom live.

[This word is in good use.]

Dryden.

Thrapple

THRAP'PLE, noun The windpipe of an animal. [Not an English word.]

Scott.

Thrash

THRASH, verb transitive [Saxon tharscan or therscan; German dreschen; Dutch dorschen; Swedish tr?ska; Icelandic therskia. It is written thrash or thresh. The common pronunciation is thrash.]

1. To beat out grain from the husk or pericarp with a flail; as, to thrash wheat, rye or oats.

2. To beat corn off from the cob or spike; as, to thrash maiz.

3. To beat soundly with a stick or whip; to drub.

Shak.

Thrash

THRASH, verb intransitive To practice thrashing; to perform the business of thrashing; as a man who thrashes well.

2. To labor; to drudge.

I rather would be Mevius, thrash for rhymes,

Like his, the scorn and scandal of the timesÃ‚--

Dryden.

Thrashed

THRASH'ED, participle passive Beaten out of the husk or off the ear.

2. Freed from the grain by beating.

Thrasher

THRASH'ER, noun One who thrashes grain.

Thrashing

THRASH'ING, participle of the present tense Beating out of the husk or off the ear; beating soundly with a stick or whip.

Thrashing

THRASH'ING, noun The act of beating out grain with a flail; a sound drubbing.

Thrashing-Floor

THRASH'ING-FLOOR, noun [thrash and floor.]

A floor or area on which grain is beaten out.

Dryden.

Thrasonical

THRASON'ICAL, adjective [from Thraso, a boaster in old comedy.]

1. Boasting; given to bragging.

2. Boastful; implying ostentatious display.

Shak.

Thrave

THRAVE, noun [Saxon draf, a drove.] A drove; a herd. [Not in use.]

Thrave

THRAVE, noun [Welsh dreva, twenty four; drev, a bundle or tie.]

The number of two dozen. [Not in use.]

Thread

THREAD, or THRED, noun [Saxon thred, throed; Dutch draad; Swedish tr?d; Danish traad; probably from drawing.]

1. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk or other fibrous substance, drawn out to considerable length.

2. The filament of a flower.

Botany.

3. The filament of any fibrous substance, as of bark.

4. A fine filament or line of gold or silver.

5. Air-threads, the fine white filaments which are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of spiders.

6. Something continued in a long course or tenor; as the thread of a discourse.

Burnet.

7. The prominent spiral part of a screw.

Thread

THREAD, or THRED, verb transitive To pass a thread through the eye; as, to thread a needle.

2. To pass or pierce through, as a narrow way or channel.

They would not thread the gates.

Shak.

Heavy trading shipsÃ‚--threading the Bosporus.

Mitford.

Threadbare

THREAD'BARE, or THRED'BARE, adjective [thread and bare.] Worn to the naked thread; having the nap worn off; as a threadbare coat; threadbare clothes.

Spenser. Dryden.

2. Worn out; trite; hackneyed; used till it has lost its novelty or interest; as a threadbare subject; state topics and threadbare quotations.

Swift.

Threadbareness

THREAD'BARENESS, or THRED'BARENESS, noun The state of being threadbare or trite.

Threaden

THREAD'EN, or THRED'EN, adjective Made of thread; as threaden sails. [Little used.]

Shak.

Thread-Shaped

THREAD'-SHAPED, or THRED'-SHAPED, adjective In botany, filiform.

Thready

THREAD'Y, or THRED'Y, adjective Like thread or filaments; slender.

Granger.

2. Containing thread.

Dyer.

Threap

THREAP, verb transitive [Saxon threapian, or rather threagan.]

To chide, contend or argue. [Local.]

Ainsworth.

Threat

THREAT, n. thret. [Saxon threat. See the Verb.]

A menace; denunciation of ill; declaration of an intention or determination to inflict punishment, loss or pain on another.

There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats.

Shak.

Threat

THREAT, v. t. thret. To threaten, which see. Threat is used only in poetry.

Dryden.

Threaten

THREATEN, v. t. thret'n. [Saxon threatian, from threat. But threat appears to be contracted from threagan, which is written also threawian; Dutch dreigen; German drohen; Danish tretter, to chide, to scold, dispute, wrangle.]

1. To declare the purpose of inflicting punishment, pain or other evil on another, for some sin or offense; to menace. God threatens the finally impenitent with everlasting banishment from his presence.

2. To menace; to terrify or attempt to terrify by menaces; as for extorting money. To send threatening letters is a punishable offense.

3. To charge or enjoin with menace, or with implied rebuke; or to charge strictly.

Let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in his name. Acts 4.

4. To menace by action; to present the appearance of coming evil; as, rolling billows threaten to overwhelm us.

5. To exhibit the appearance of something evil or unpleasant approaching; as, the clouds threaten us with rain or a storm.

Threatened

THREATENED, pp. thret'nd. Menaced with evil.

Threatener

THREATENER, n. thret'ner. One that threatens.

Milton.

Threatening

THREATENING, ppr. thret'ning. Menacing; denouncing evil.

2. adjective Indicating a threat or menace; as a threatening look.

3. Indicating something impending; as, the weather is threatening; the clouds have a threatening aspect.

Threatening

THREATENING, n. thret'ning. The act of menacing; a menace; a denunciation of evil, or declaration of a purpose to inflict evil on a person or country, usually for sins and offenses. The prophets are filled with God's threatenings against the rebellious Jews. Acts 4.

Threateningly

THREATENINGLY, adverb thret'ningly. With a threat or menace; in a threatening manner.

Shak.

Threatful

THREATFUL, a. thret'ful. Full of threats; having a menacing appearance; minacious.

Spenser.

Three

THREE, adjective [Saxon threo, thri, thry and thrig; Swedish Danish tre; German drei; Dutch drie; French trois; Italian tre; Spanish Latin tres; Gael. Welsh tri; Gipsey, tre; Greek; Sanscrit treja, tri. I know not the last radical, nor the primary sense of three. Owen in his Welsh Dictionary, suggests that it signifies fixed, firm. But see Extricate and Trick. It is probably contracted from thrig.]

1. Two and one.

I offer thee three things. 2 Samuel 24.

2. It is often used like other adjectives, without the noun to which it refers.

AbishaiÃ‚--attained not to the first three. 2 Samuel 23.

3. Proverbially, a small number.

Away, thou three-inched fool.

Shak.

[I believe obsolete.]

Three-Capsuled

THREE-CAP'SULED, adjective Tricapsular.

Three-Celled

THREE-CEL'LED, adjective Trilocular.

Three-Cleft

THREE-CLEFT', adjective Trifid.

Three-Cornered

THREE'-CORNERED, adjective [three and corner.]

1. Having three corners or angles; as a three-cornered hat.

2. In botany, having three sides, or three prominent longitudinal angles, as a stem.

Martyn.

Three-Flowered

THREE'-FLOWERED, adjective [three and flower.]

Bearing three flowers together.

Martyn.

Threefold

THREE'FOLD, adjective [three and fold.] Three-double; consisting of three; or thrice repeated, as threefold justice.

Raleigh.

A threefold cord is not quickly broken. Ecclesiastes 4.

Three-Grained

THREE'-GRAINED, adjective Tricoccous.

Three-Leaved

THREE'-LEAVED, adjective [three and leaf.]

Consisting of three distinct leaflets; as a three-leaved calyx.

Martyn.

Three-Lobed

THREE'-LOBED, adjective [three and lobe.] A three-lobed leaf, is one that is divided to the middle into three parts, standing wide from each other and having convex margins.

Martyn.

Three-Nerved

THREE'-NERVED, adjective [three and nerve.]

A three-nerved leaf, has three distinct vessels or nerves running longitudinally without branching.

Martyn.

Three-Parted

THREE'-P`ARTED, adjective [three and parted.] Tripartite. A three-parted leaf, is divided into three parts down to the base, but not entirely separate.

Martyn.

Three-Pence

THREE'-PENCE, n. thrip'ence. [three and pence.]

A small silver coin of three times the value of a penny.

Shak.

Three-Penny

THREE'-PENNY, a. thrip'enny. Worth three pence only; mean.

Three-Petaled

THREE'-PETALED, adjective [three and petal.] Tripetalous; consisting of three distinct petals; as a corol.

Botany.

Three-Pile

THREE'-PILE, noun [three and pile.] An old name for good velvet.

Shak.

Three-Piled

THREE'-PILED, adjective Set with a thick pile. Obs.

Shak.

Three-Pointed

THREE'-POINTED, adjective Tricuspidate.

Threescore

THREE'SCORE, adjective [three and score.] Thrice twenty; sixty; as threescore years.

Three-Seeded

THREE'-SEEDED, adjective [three and seed.] Containing three seeds; as a three-seeded capsule.

Botany.

Three-Sided

THREE'-SIDED, adjective [three and side.] Having three plane sides; as a three-sided stem, leaf, petiole, peduncle, scape, or pericarp.

Martyn.

Three-Valved

THREE'-VALVED, adjective [three and valve.] Trivalvular; consisting of three valves; opening with three valves; as a three-valved pericarp.

Lee. Martyn.

Threne

THRENE, noun [Greek.] Lamentation. [Not used.]

Shak.

Threnody

THREN'ODY, noun [Greek, lamentation, and, ode.]

A song of lamentation.

Herbert.

Thresh

THRESH, verb transitive To thrash. [See Thrash.] The latter is the popular pronunciation, but the word is written thrash or thresh, indifferently. [See the derivation and definitions under Thrash.]

Thresher

THRESH'ER, noun The sea fox.

Cyc.

Threshhold

THRESH'HOLD, noun [Saxon thoerscwald; German thÃƒ-¼rschwelle; Swedish tr?skel; Icelandic throsulldur. The Saxon and Swedish words seem by their orthography to be connected with thrash, thresh, and the last syllable to be wald, wood; but the German word is obviously compounded of thÃƒ-¼r, door, and schwelle, sill; door-sill.]

1. The door-sill; the plank, stone or piece of timber which lies at the bottom or under a door, particularly of a dwelling house, church, temple or the like; hence, entrance; gate; door.

2. Entrance; the place or point of entering or beginning. He is now at the thresh-hold of his argument.

Many men that stumble at the threshhold.

Shak.

Threw

THREW, pret. of throw.

Thrice

THRICE, adverb [from three; perhaps three, and Latin vice; or a change of French tiers.]

1. Three times.

Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Matthew 26.

2. Sometimes used by way of amplification; very.

Thrice noble Lord, let me entreat of you

To pardon me.

Shak.

Thrid

THRID, verb transitive [Welsh treiziaw, to penetrate; treidiaw, to course, to range.]

To slide through a narrow passage; to slip, shoot or run through, as a needle, bodkin, or the like.

Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair.

Pope.

Thridded

THRID'DED, participle passive Slid through.

Thridding

THRID'DING, participle of the present tense Sliding through; causing to pass through.

Thrift

THRIFT, noun [from thrive.] Frugality; good husbandry; economical management in regard to property.

The restÃ‚--willing to fall to thrift, prove very good husbands.

Spenser.

2. Prosperity; success and advance in the acquisition of property; increase of worldly goods; gain.

I have a mind presages me such thrift.

Shak.

3. Vigorous growth, as of a plant.

4. In botany, a plant of the genus Statice.

Thriftily

THRIFT'ILY, adverb Frugally; with parsimony.

2. With increase of worldly goods.

Thriftiness

THRIFT'INESS, noun Frugality; good husbandry; as thriftiness to save; thriftiness in preserving one's own.

Wotton. Spenser.

2. Prosperity in business; increase of property.

Thriftless

THRIFT'LESS, adjective Having no frugality or good management; profuse; extravagant; not thriving.

Shak.

Thrifty

THRIFT'Y, adjective Frugal; sparing; using economy and good management of property.

I am glad he has so much youth and vigor left, of which he has not been thrifty.

Swift.

2. More generally, thriving by industry and frugality; prosperous in the acquisition of worldly goods; increasing in wealth; as a thrifty farmer or mechanic.

3. Thriving; growing rapidly or vigorously; as a plant.

4. Well husbanded.

I have five hundred crowns,

The thrifty hire I sav'd under your father.

Shak.

Thrill

THRILL, noun [See the Verb.] A drill.

2. A warbling. [See Trill.]

3. A breathing place or hole.

Herbert.

Thrill

THRILL, verb transitive [Saxon thyrlian, thirlian; Dutch drillen, to drill, to bore; trillen, to shiver, pant, quaver; German drillen, to drill; triller, a shake; trillern, to trill; Danish driller, to bore, to drill; trilder, Swedish trilla, to roll; Danish trille, a trill; Welsh troliaw, to troll or roll; all probably of one family, from the root of roll. See Drill.]

1. To bore; to drill; to perforate by turning a gimblet or other similar instrument. [But in the literal sense, drill is now chiefly or wholly used. Spenser used it literally in the clause, "with thrilling point of iron brand."]

2. To pierce; to penetrate; as something sharp.

The cruel word her tender heart so thrill'd,

That sudden cold did run through every vein.

Spenser.

A servant that he bred, thrill'd with remorse.

Shak.

Thrill

THRILL, verb intransitive To pierce; to penetrate; as something sharp; particularly, to cause a tingling sensation that runs through the system with a slight shivering; as, a sharp sound thrills through the whole frame.

Addison.

A faint cold fear thrills through my veins.

Shak.

2. To feel a sharp shivering sensation running through the body.

To seek sweet safety out

In vaults and prisons; and to thrill and shakeÃ‚--

Shak.

Thrilled

THRILL'ED, participle passive Penetrated; pierced.

Thrilling

THRILL'ING, participle of the present tense Perforating; drilling.

2. Piercing; penetrating; having the quality of penetrating; passing with a tingling, shivering sensation.

3. Feeling a tingling, shivering sensation running through the system.

Thring

THRING, verb transitive To press, crowd or throng. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Thrissa

THRIS'SA, noun A fish of the herring kind.

Thrive

THRIVE, v. i. pret. thrived; pp. thrived, thriven. [Danish trives, to thrive, to increase; Swedish trifvas. It may belong to the family of trip, to hasten, or to that of drive.]

1. To prosper by industry, economy and good management of property; to increase in goods and estate. A farmer thrives by good husbandry. When the body of laboring men thrive, we pronounce the state prosperous.

Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the understanding, as well as in gold.

Watts.

2. To prosper in any business; to have increase or success.

O son, why sit we here, each other viewing

Idly, while Satan our great author thrives?

Milton.

They by vices thrive.

Sandys.

3. To grow; to increase in bulk or stature; to flourish. Young cattle thrive in rich pastures; and trees thrive in a good soil.

4. To grow; to advance; to increase or advance in any thing valuable.

Thriver

THRI'VER, noun One that prospers in the acquisition of property.

Thriving

THRI'VING, participle of the present tense Prospering in worldly goods.

2. adjective Being prosperous or successful; advancing in wealth; increasing; growing; as a thriving mechanic; a thriving trader.

Thrivingly

THRI'VINGLY, adverb In a prosperous way.

Thrivingness

THRI'VINGNESS, or THRI'VING, noun Prosperity; growth; increase.

Decay of Piety.

Thro

THRO, a contraction of through, not now used.

Throat

THROAT, noun [Saxon throta, throte; Dutch strote; Russian grud.]

1. The anterior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the gullet and wind-pipe, or the passages for the food and breath.

In medicine, the fauces; all that hollow or cavity which may be seen when the mouth is wide open.

Cyc.

2. In seamen's language, that end of a gaff which is next the mast.

Mar. Dict.

3. In ship-building, the inside of the knee-timber at the middle or turns of the arms; also, the inner part of the arms of an anchor where they join the shank; and the middle part of a floor-timber.

Cyc.

Throat-brails, brails attached to the gaff, close to the mast.

Throat-halliards, are those that raise the throat of the gaff.

Mar. Dict.

Throat

THROAT, verb transitive To mow beans in a direction against their bending. [Local.]

Cyc.

Throat-Pipe

THROAT-PIPE, noun [throat and pipe.] The windpipe or weasand.

Throat-Wort

THROAT-WORT, noun [throat and wort.] A plant of the genus Campanula, a perennial weed common in pasture-ground; also, a plant of the genus Trachelium.

Cyc. Lee.

Throaty

THROATY, adjective Guttural.

Howell.

Throb

THROB, verb intransitive [perhaps allied to drive and to drub; at least its elements and signification coincide; Greek.]

To beat, as the heart or pulse, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate. The heart throbs with joy, desire or fear; the violent action of the heart is perceived by a throbbing pulse.

My heart throbs to know one thing.

Shak.

We apply the word also to the breast.

Here may his head live on my throbbing breast.

Shak.

Throb

THROB, noun A beat or strong pulsation; a violent beating of the heart and arteries; a palpitation.

Thou talk'st like one who never felt

Th' impatient throbs and longings of a soul

That pants and reaches after distant good.

Addison.

Throbbing

THROB'BING, participle of the present tense Beating with unusual force, as the heart and pulse; palpitating.

Throbbing

THROB'BING, noun The act of beating with unusual force, as the heart and pulse; palpitation.

Throdden

THROD'DEN, verb intransitive To grow; to thrive. [Not in use or local.]

Grose.

Throe

THROE, noun [Saxon throwian, to suffer, to agonize; but this is the same word as throw, and the sense is to strain, as in twisting, to struggle.]

Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony. It is particularly applied to the anguish of travail in child-birth.

My throes came thicker, and my cries increas'd.

Dryden.

Throe

THROE, verb intransitive To agonize; to struggle in extreme pain.

Throe

THROE, verb transitive To put in agony.

Shak.

Throne

THRONE, noun [Latin thronus; Greek; French trone.]

1. A royal seat; a chair of state. The throne is sometimes an elegant chair richly ornamented with sculpture and gilding, raised a step above the floor, and covered with a canopy.

2. The seat of a bishop.

Ayliffe.

3. In Scripture, sovereign power and dignity.

Only in the throne will I be greater than thou. Genesis 41.

Thy throne, O God, is forever. Psalm 45.

4. Angels. Colossians 1.

5. The place where God peculiarly manifests his power and glory.

The heaven is my throne, and the earth my footstool. Isaiah 66.

Throne

THRONE, verb transitive To place on a royal seat; to enthrone.

2. To place in an elevated position; to give an elevated place to; to exalt.

True image of the Father, whether thron'd

In the bosom of bliss and light of light.

Milton.

Throned

THRO'NED, participle passive Placed on a royal seat, or on an elevated seat; exalted.

Throng

THRONG, noun [Saxon thrang; Irish drong; German, Dutch drang. See the Verb.]

1. A crowd; a multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed into a close body or assemblage; as a throng of people at a play-house.

2. A great multitude; as the heavenly throng.

Throng

THRONG, verb intransitive [Saxon thringan; Dutch dringen; German drÃƒ-¤ngen; Danish troenger; Swedish tr?nga. If n is not radical, this word coincides with Swedish tryka, Danish trykker, to press, to print. Class Rg.]

To crowd together; to press into a close body, as a multitude of persons; to come in multitudes.

I have seen

The dumb men throng to see him.

Shak.

Throng

THRONG, verb transitive To crowd or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd of living beings.

Much people followed him, and thronged him. Mark 5.

Thronged

THRONG'ED, participle passive Crowded or pressed by a multitude of persons.

Thronging

THRONG'ING, participle of the present tense Crowding together; pressing with a multitude of persons.

Thronging

THRONG'ING, noun The act of crowding together.

Throngly

THRONG'LY, adverb In crowds. [Not in use.]

More.

Thropple

THROP'PLE, noun The windpipe of a horse. [Local.]

Cyc.

Throstle

THROSTLE, n. thros'l. [Saxon throstle; German drossel.]

A bird of the genus Turdus, the song-thrush.

Throstling

THROS'TLING, noun A disease of cattle of the ox kind, occasioned by a swelling under their throats, which unless checked, will choke them.

Cyc.

Throttle

THROT'TLE, noun [from throat.] The windpipe or larynx.

Brown.

Throttle

THROT'TLE, verb intransitive To choke; to suffocate; or to obstruct so as to endanger suffocation.

Milton. Dryden.

2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated.

Throttle

THROT'TLE, verb transitive To utter with breaks and interruptions, as a person half suffocated.

Throttle their practic'd accents in their fears.

Shak.

Through

THROUGH, prep. thru. [Saxon thurh; Dutch door; German durch; Welsh trwy or trw, whence trwyaw, to pervade; Irish treoghdham, Gaelic, treaghaim, to pierce or bore.]

1. From end to end, or from side to side; from one surface or limit to the opposite; as, to bore through a piece of timber, or through a board; a ball passes through the side of a ship.

2. Noting passage; as, to pass through a gate or avenue.

Through the gates of iv'ry he dismiss'd

His valiant offspring.

Dryden.

3. By transmission, noting the means of conveyance.

Through these hands this science has passed with great applause.

Temple.

Material things are presented only through their senses.

Cheyne.

4. By means of; by the agency of; nothing instrumentality. This signification is a derivative of the last.

Through the scent of water it will bud. Job 14.

Some through ambition, or through thirst of gold,

Have slain their brothers, and their country sold.

Dryden.

Sanctify them through thy truth. John 17.

The gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Romans 6.

5. Over the whole surface or extent; as, to ride through the country.

Their tongue walketh through the earth. Psalm 73.

6. Noting passage among or in the midst of; as, to move through water, as a fish; to run through a thicket, as a deer.

Through

THROUGH, adv. thru. From one end or side to the other; as, to pierce a thing through.

2. From beginning to end; as, to read a letter through.

3. To the end; to the ultimate purpose; as, to carry a project through.

To carry through, to complete; to accomplish.

To go through, to prosecute a scheme to the end.

2. To undergo; to sustain; as, to go through hardships.

Through-Bred

THROUGH-BRED, should be thorough-bred.

Through-Lighted

THROUGH-LIGHTED, should be thorough-lighted. [Not used.]

Throughly

THROUGHLY, adv. thru'ly. Completely; fully; wholly.

Bacon.

2. Without reserve; sincerely.

Tillotson.

[For this, thoroughly is now used.]

Throughout

THROUGHOUT, prep. thruout'. [through and out.]

Quite through; in every part; from one extremity to the other. This is the practice throughout Ireland. A general opinion prevails throughout England. Throughout the whole course of his life, he avoided every species of vice.

Throughout

THROUGHOUT, adv. thruout'. In every part. The cloth was of a piece throughout.

Through-Paced

THROUGH-PACED [Not used.] [See Thorough-paced.]

More.

Throve

THROVE, old pret. of thrive.

Throw

THROW, verb transitive pret. threw; pp. thrown. [Saxon thrawan; perhaps Dutch draaijen, to turn, wind, twist, whirl; German drehen; Welsh troi. The Saxon word signifies to twist, to turn, to curl, to throw, and to revolve. It is contracted, and probably coincides in elements with Greek, to run, for this was applied primarily to wheels, as we see by its derivatives, a wheel, a top, Latin trochilus.]

1. Properly, to hurl; to whirl; to fling or cast in a winding direction.

2. To fling or cast in any manner; to propel; to send; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an engine. Thus we throw stones or dust with the hand; a cannon throws a ball; a bomb throws a shell. The Roman balista threw various weapons. A fire engine throws water to extinguish flames.

3. To wind; as, to throw silk.

4. To turn; as, to throw balls in a lathe. [Not in general use.]

5. To venture at dice.

Set less than thou throwest.

Shak.

6. To cast; to divest or strip one's self of; to put off; as, a serpent throws his skin.

Shak.

7. To cast; to send.

I have thrown

A brave defiance in king Henry's teeth.

Shak.

8. To put on; to spread carelessly.

O'er his fair limbs a flow'ry vest he threw.

Pope.

9. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws his antagonist.

10. To cast; to drive by violence; as a vessel or sailors thrown upon a rock.

To throw away, to lose by neglect or folly; to spend in vain; as, to throw away time; to throw away money.

2. To bestow without a compensation.

3. To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a good offer.

Taylor.

To throw by, to lay aside or neglect as useless; as, to throw by a garment.

To throw down, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to throw down a fence or wall.

2. To bring down from a high station; to depress.

Spectator.

To throw in, to inject.

2. To put in; to deposit with others; also, to give up or relinquish.

To throw off, to expel; to clear from; as, to throw off a disease.

2. To reject; to discard; as, to throw off all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent.

To throw on, to cast on; to load.

To throw out, to cast out; to reject or discard; to expel.

Swift.

2. To utter carelessly; to speak; as, to throw out insinuations or observations.

3. To exert; to bring forth into act.

She throws out thrilling shrieks.

Spenser.

4. To distance; to leave behind.

Addison.

5. To exclude; to reject. The bill was thrown out on the second reading.

To throw up, to resign; as, to throw up a commission.

2. To resign angrily.

Bad games are thrown up too soon.

Hudibras.

3. To discharge from the stomach.

Arbuthnot.

To throw one's self down, to lie down.

To throw one's self on, to resign one's self to the favor, clemency or sustaining power of another; to repose.

Taylor.

Throw

THROW, verb intransitive To perform the act of throwing.

2. To cast dice.

To throw about, to cast about; to try expedients. [Not much used.]

Spenser.

Throw

THROW, noun The act of hurling or flinging; a cast; a driving or propelling from the hand or from an engine.

He heav'd a stone, and rising to the throw,

He sent it in a whirlwind at the foe.

Addison.

2. A cast of dice; and the manner in which dice fall when cast; as a good throw. None but a fool hazards all upon one throw.

3. The distance which a missile is or may be thrown; as a stone's throw.

4. A stroke; a blow.

Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws.

Spenser.

5. Effort; violent sally.

Your youth admires

The throws and swelling of a Roman soul.

Addison.

6. The agony of travail. [See Throe.]

7. A turner's lathe. [Local.]

Thrower

THROWER, noun One that throws; one that twists or winds silk; a throwster.

Thrown

THROWN, participle passive of throw. Cast; hurled; wound or twisted.

Throwster

THROWSTER, noun One that twists or winds silk.

Thrum

THRUM, noun [Icelandic thraum; German trumm; Dutch drom, the end of a thing; Greek, a fragment; to break.] The ends of weaver's threads.

2. Any coarse yarn.

Bacon.

3. Thrums, among gardeners, the thread-like internal bushy parts of flowers; the stamens.

Thrum

THRUM, verb intransitive [Dutch trom, a drum.] To play coarsely on an instrument with the fingers.

Dryden.

Thrum

THRUM, verb transitive To weave; to knot; to twist; to fringe.

Cavendish.

2. Among seamen, to insert short pieces of rope-yarn or spun yarn in a sail or mat.

Dict.

Thrush

THRUSH, noun [Saxon drisc; German drossel; Welsh tresglen; Swedish trast.]

1. A bird, a species of Turdus, the largest of the genus; the Turdus viscivorus or missel-bird.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

2. [Qu. thrust.] An affection of the inflammatory and suppurating kind, in the feet of the horse and some other animals. In the horse it is in the frog.

Cyc.

3. In medicine, (Latin apthoe,) ulcers in the mouth and fauces.

Coxe. Arbuthnot.

Thrust

THRUST, verb transitive pret. and pp. thrust. [Latin trudo, trusum, trusito; Chaldee; Arabic tarada. Class Rd. No. 63.]

1. To push or drive with force; as, to thrust any thing with the hand or foot, or with an instrument.

Neither shall one thrust another. Joel 2. John 20.

2. To drive; to force; to impel.

To thrust away or from, to push away; to reject. Acts 7.

To thrust in, to push or drive in.

Thrust in thy sickle and reap. Revelation 14.

To thrust on, to impel; to urge.

Shak.

To thrust off, to push away.

To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. Numbers 25:2 Samuel 18.

To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel. Exodus 12.

To thrust one's self, to obtrude; to intrude; to enter where one is not invited or not welcome.

Locke.

To thrust together, to compress.

Thrust

THRUST, verb intransitive To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist.

2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in.

And thrust between my father and the god.

Dryden.

3. To intrude.

Rowe.

4. To push forward; to come with force; to press on.

Young, old, thrust there

In mighty concourse.

Chapman.

Thrust

THRUST, noun A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a word much used in fencing.

Polites Pyrrhus with his lance pursues,

And often reaches, and his thrusts renews.

Dryden.

2. Attack; assault.

There is one thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism.

More.

[Note. Push and shove do not exactly express the sense of thrust. The two former imply the application of force by one body already in contact with the body to be impelled. Thrust on the contrary, often implies the impulse or application of force by a moving body, a body in motion before it reaches the body to be impelled.

This distinction does not extend to every case.]

Thruster

THRUST'ER, noun One who thrusts or stabs.

Thrusting

THRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Pushing with force; driving; impelling; pressing.

Thrusting

THRUST'ING, noun The act of pushing with force.

2. In dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel the whey. [Local.]

Cyc.

Thrustings

THRUST'INGS, noun In cheese-making, the white whey, or that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made.

Cyc.

[The application of this word to cheese-making, is, I believe, entirely unknown in New England.]

Thrusting-Screw

THRUST'ING-SCREW, noun A screw for pressing curd in cheese-making. [Local.]

Thrustle

THRUS'TLE, noun The thrush. [See Throstle.]

Thry-Fallow

THRY-FAL'LOW, verb transitive [thrice and fallow.] To give the third plowing in summer.

Tusser.

Thulite

THU'LITE, noun A rare mineral of a peach blossom color, found in Norway.

Ure.

Thumb

THUMB, or THUM, noun [Saxon thuma; German daumen; Dutch duim; Danish tomme; Swedish tumme.]

The short thick finger of the human hand, or the corresponding member of other animals. [The common orthography is corrupt. The real word is thum.]

Thumb

THUMB, or THUM, verb transitive To handle awkwardly; to play with the fingers; as, to thum over a tune.

2. To soil with the fingers.

Thumb

THUMB, or THUM, verb intransitive To play on with the fingers.

Thumb-Band

THUMB'-BAND, or THUM'-BAND, noun [thum and band.] A twist of any thing as thick as the thum.

Mortimer.

Thumbed

THUMB'ED, or THUM'MED, adjective Having thumbs.

Thumerstone

THUM'ERSTONE, noun A mineral so called from Thum, in Saxony, where it was found. It is called also axinite, from the resemblance of its flat sharp edges to that of an ax. It is either massive or crystalized; its crystals are in the form of a compressed oblique rhomboidal prism. It is of the silicious kind, and of a brown gray or violet color.

Cyc.

Thummim

THUM'MIM, n. plu. A Hebrew word denoting perfections. The Urim and Thummim were worn in the breastplate of the high priest, but what they were, has never been satisfactorily ascertained.

Thump

THUMP, noun [Italian thombo.] A heavy blow given with any thing that is thick, as with a club or the fist, or with a heavy hammer, or with the britch of a gun.

The watchman gave so great a thump at my door, that I awaked at the knock.

Tatler.

Thump

THUMP, verb transitive To strike or beat with something thick or heavy.

Shak.

Thump

THUMP, verb intransitive To strike or fall on with a heavy blow.

A watchman at night thumps with his pole.

Swift.

Thumper

THUMP'ER, noun The person or thing that thumps.

Thumping

THUMP'ING, participle of the present tense Striking or beating with something thick or blunt.

2. adjective Heavy.

3. Vulgarly, stout; fat; large.

Thum-Ring

THUM'-RING, noun A ring worn on the thum.

Shak.

Thum-Stall

THUM'-STALL, noun [thum and stall.] A kind of thimble or ferule of iron, horn or lether, with the edges turned up to receive the thread in making sails. It is worn on the thum to tighten the stitches.

Cyc.

Thunder

THUN'DER, noun [Saxon thunder, thunor; German donner; Dutch donder; Swedish dunder; Danish dundren; Latin tonitru, from tono, to sound; French tonnerre; Italian tuono; Pers. thondor.]

1. The sound which follows an explosion of electricity or lightning; the report of a discharge of electrical fluid, that is, of its passage from one cloud to another, or from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a cloud. When this explosion is near to a person, the thunder is a rattling or clattering sound, and when distant, the sound is heavy and rumbling. The fact is in some degree the same with the report of a cannon. This sharpness or acuteness of the sound when near, and the rumbling murmur when distant, are the principal distinctions in thunder. [Thunder is not lightning, but the effect of it. See Johnson's Dictionary, under thunder.]

There were thunders and lightnings. Exodus 19.

2. Thunder is used for lightning, or for a thunderbolt, either originally through ignorance, or by way of metaphor, or because the lightning and thunder are closely united.

The revenging gods

'Gainst parricides all the thunder bend.

Shak.

3. Any loud noise; as the thunder of cannon. Sons of thunder. Mark 3.

4. Denunciation published; as the thunders of the Vatican.

Thunder

THUN'DER, verb intransitive To sound, rattle or roar, as an explosion of electricity.

Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? Job 40.

2. To make a loud noise, particularly a heavy sound of some continuance.

His dreadful voice no more

Would thunder in my ears.

Milton.

3. To rattle, or give a heavy rattling sound.

And roll the thund'ring chariot o'er the ground.

J. Trumbull.

Thunder

THUN'DER, verb transitive To emit with noise and terror.

Oracles severe

Were daily thunder'd in our gen'ral's ear.

Dryden.

2. To publish any denunciation or threat.

An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical censure.

Ayliffe.

Thunderbolt

THUN'DERBOLT, noun [thunder and bolt.]

1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of the electrical fluid, passing from one part of the heavens to another, and particularly from the clouds to the earth. Psalm 78.

2. Figuratively, a daring or irresistible hero; as the Scipios, those thunderbolts of war.

Dryden.

3. Fulmination; ecclesiastical denunciation.

He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication.

Hakewill.

4. In mineralogy, thunder-stone.

Spectator.

Thunder-Clap

THUN'DER-CLAP, noun [thunder and clap.] A burst of thunder; sudden report of an explosion of electricity.

When suddenly the thunder-clap was heard.

Dryden.

Thunder-Cloud

THUN'DER-CLOUD, noun [thunder and cloud.] A cloud that produces lightning and thunder.

Thunderer

THUN'DERER, noun He that thunders.

Waller. Dryden.

Thunder-House

THUN'DER-HOUSE, noun An instrument for illustrating the manner in which buildings receive damage by lightning.

Cyc.

Thundering

THUN'DERING, participle of the present tense Making the noise of an electrical explosion; uttering a loud sound; fulminating denunciations.

Thundering

THUN'DERING, noun The report of an electrical explosion; thunder.

Entreat the Lord that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail. Exodus 9.

Thunderous

THUN'DEROUS, adjective Producing thunder.

How he before the thunderous throne doth lie. [Little used.]

Milton.

Thunder-Shower

THUN'DER-SHOWER, noun [thunder and shower.] A shower accompanied with thunder.

Thunder-Stone

THUN'DER-STONE, noun A stone, otherwise called brontia.

Cyc.

Thunder-Storm

THUN'DER-STORM, noun [thunder and storm.]

A storm accompanied with lightning and thunder. Thunder clouds are often driven by violent winds. In America, the violence of the wind at the commencement, is sometimes equal to that of a hurricane, and at this time the explosions of electricity are the most terrible. This violence of the wind seldom continues longer than a few minutes, and after this subsides, the rain continues, but the peals of thunder are less frequent. These violent showers sometimes continue for hours; more generally, they are of shorter duration.

Thunder-Strike

THUN'DER-STRIKE, verb transitive [thunder and strike.]

1. To strike, blast or injure by lightning. [Little used in its literal sense.]

Sidney.

2. To astonish or strike dumb, as with something terrible. [Little used except in the participle.]

Thunder-Struck

THUN'DER-STRUCK, participle passive or adjective Astonished; amazed; struck dumb by something surprising or terrible suddenly presented to the mind or view. [This is a word in common use.]

Thurible

THU'RIBLE, noun [Latin thuribulum, from thus, thuris, frankincense.]

A censer; a pan for incense. [Not in use.]

Cowel.

Thuriferous

THURIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin thurifer; thus and fero, to bear.] Producing or bearing frankincense.

Thurification

THURIFICA'TION, noun [Latin thus, thuris, and facio, to make.]

The act of fuming with incense; or the act of burning incense.

Stilling fleet.

Thursday

THURS'DAY, noun [Danish Torsdag, that is, Thor's day, the day consecrated to Thor, the god of thunder, answering to the Jove of the Greeks and Romans, Latin dies Jovis; Italian Giovedi; Spanish Jueves; French Jeudi. So in German donnerstag, Dutch donderdag, thunder-day. This Thor is from the root of Welsh taran, thunder; taraw, to strike, hit or produce a shock; Gaelic, Irish toirn, a great noise; toirneas, thunder. The root of the word signifies to drive, to rush, to strike. In Swedish th?rdon is thunder.] The fifth day of the week.

Thus

THUS, adverb [Saxon thus; Dutch dus.] In this or that manner; on this wise; as, thus saith the Lord; the Pharisee prayed thus.

Thus did Noah, according to all that God commanded him. Genesis 6.

2. To this degree or extent; as thus wise; thus peaceable.

Holyday.

Thus far extend, thus far thy boundsÃ‚--

Milton.

3. In the phrase, thus much, it seems to be an adjective, equivalent to this much.

Thwack

THWACK, verb transitive [Qu. Saxon thaccian, to feel or stroke lightly. It does not well accord with this verb. The word twit is the Saxon oethwitan, or othwitan, a compound of oeth or oth, to or at, and witan. In like manner, thwack may be formed from our vulgar whack, which is precisely the Ethiopic wakea, Arabic wakaa, to strike.]

To strike with something flat or heavy; to bang; to beat or thrash.

Arbuthnot.

Thwack

THWACK, noun A heavy blow with something flat or heavy.

Addison.

Thwacking

THWACK'ING, participle of the present tense Striking with a heavy blow.

Thwaite

THWAITE, noun A fish, a variety of the shad.

Cyc.

2. A plain parcel of ground, cleared of wood and stumps, inclosed and converted to tillage. [Local.]

Thwart

THWART, a. thwort. [Dutch dwars; Danish tver, tvert, tvers; Swedish tv?rs, tvart; probably a compound of Saxon oeth, oth, to, and the root of veer, Latin verto, versus.]

Transverse; being across something else.

Mov'd contrary with thwart obliquities.

Milton.

Thwart

THWART, v. t. thwort. To cross; to be, lie or come across the direction of something.

Swift as a shooting star

In autumn thwarts the night.

Milton.

2. To cross, as a purpose; to oppose; to contravene; hence, to frustrate or defeat. We say, to thwart a purpose, design or inclination; or to thwart a person.

If crooked fortune had not thwarted me.

Shak.

The proposals of the one never thwarted the inclinations of the other.

South.

Thwart

THWART, verb intransitive To be in opposition.

Ã‚--A proposition that shall thwart at all with these internal oracles. [Unusual and improper.]

Locke.

Thwart

THWART, noun The seat or bench of a boat on which the rowers sit.

Mar. Dict.

Thwarted

THWART'ED, participle passive Crossed; opposed; frustrated.

Thwarter

THWART'ER, noun A disease in sheep, indicated by shaking, trembling or convulsive motions.

Cyc.

Thwarting

THWART'ING, participle of the present tense Crossing; contravening; defeating.

Thwarting

THWART'ING, noun The act of crossing or frustrating.

Thwartingly

THWART'INGLY, adverb In a cross direction; in opposition.

Thwartness

THWART'NESS, noun Untowardness; perverseness.

Halt.

Thwartships

THWART'SHIPS, adverb Across the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Thwite

THWITE, verb transitive [Saxon thwitan.] To cut or clip with a knife. [Local.]

Chaucer.

Thwittle

THWIT'TLE, verb transitive To whittle. [See Whittle.]

Chaucer.

Thy

THY, adjective [contracted from thine, or from some other derivative of thou. It is probable that the pronoun was originally thig, thug or thuk, and the adjective thigen. See Thou.]

Thy is the adjective of thou, or a pronominal adjective, signifying of thee, or belonging to thee, like tuus in Latin. It is used in the solemn and grave style.

These are thy works, parent of good.

Milton.

Thyine wood, a precious wood, mentioned Revelation 18.

Thyite

THY'ITE, noun The name of a species of indurated clay, of the morochthus kind, of a smooth regular texture, very heavy, of a shining surface, and of a pale green color.

Cyc.

Thyme

THYME, noun usually pronounced improperly, time. [French thym; Latin thymus; Greek.]

A plant of the genus Thymus. The garden thyme is a warm pungent aromatic, much used to give a relish to seasonings and soups.

Thymus. [Greek.] In anatomy, a glandular body, divided into lobes, situated behind the sternum in the duplicature of the mediastinum. It is largest in the fetus, diminishes after birth, and in adults often entirely disappears. It has no excretory duct, and its use is unknown. In calves it is called sweatbread.

Hooper. Wistar. Parr.

Thymy

THY'MY, adjective Abounding with thyme; fragrant.

Thyroid

THY'ROID, adjective [Greek, a shield, and, form.]

Resembling a shield; applied to one of the cartilages of the larynx, so called from its figure, to a gland situated near that cartilage, and to the arteries and veins of the gland.

Cyc.

The thyroid cartilage constitutes the anterior, superior, and largest part of the larynx.

Hooper.

The thyroid gland is situated on the sides and front of the lower part of the larynx, and the upper part of the trachea. It is copiously supplied with blood, but is not known to furnish any secretion. It is the seat of the bronchocele or goiter.

Hooper. Parr.

Thyrse

THYRSE, noun [Latin thyrsus; Greek.] In botany, a species of inflorescence; a panicle contracted into an ovate form, or a dense or close panicle, more or less of an ovate figure, as in the lilac.

Martyn. Smith.

Thyself

THYSELF', pron. [thy and self.] A pronoun used after thou, to express distinction with emphasis. "Thou thyself shalt go;" that is, thou shalt go and no other. It is sometimes used without thou, and in the nominative as well as objective case.

These goods thyself can on thyself bestow.

Dryden.

Tiar

TI'AR, or TIA'RA, noun [French tiare; Latin Spanish Italian tiara; Greek; Saxon tyr. See Syriac chadar, Class Dr. No. 15, and Hebrew atar, No. 34. From the former probably the Latins had their cidaris, and tiara from the latter; the same word with different prefixes.]

1. An ornament or article of dress with which the ancient Persians covered their heads; a kind of turban. As different authors describe it, it must have been of different forms. The kings of Persia alone had a right to wear it straight or erect; the lords and priests wore it depressed, or turned down on the fore side. Xenophon says the tiara was encompassed with the diadem, at least in ceremonials.

Cyc.

2. An ornament worn by the Jewish high priest. Exodus 28.

3. The pope's triple crown. The tiara and keys are the badges of the papal dignity; the tiara of his civil rank, and the keys of his jurisdiction. It was formerly a round high cap. It was afterward encompassed with a crown, then with a second and a third.

Cyc.

Tibial

TIB'IAL, adjective [Latin tibia, a flute, and the large bone of the leg.]

1. Pertaining to the large bone of the leg; as the tibial artery; tibial nerve.

Med. Repos.

2. Pertaining to a pipe or flute.

Tiburo

TIB'URO, noun A fish of the shark kind.

Tice

TICE, for entice. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Tick

TICK, noun [In Gaelic, doigh is trust. But I suspect tick to signify a cut, a notch, Welsh twc, from the manner of keeping accounts among unlettered men. See Dock and Ticket.]

Credit; trust; as, to buy upon tick.

Locke.

Tick

TICK, noun [French tique; German zecke; Italian zecca.] A little animal of a livid color and globoseovate form, that infests sheep, dogs, goats, cows, &c., a species of Acarus.

Cyc.

Tick

TICK, noun [Dutch teek, tyk; probably from covering, Latin tego, to deck; Russian tik, tent-cloth.]

The cover or case of a bed, which contains the fethers, wool or other material.

Tick

TICK, verb intransitive [from tick, credit.] To run upon score.

2. To trust.

Arbuthnot.

Tick

TICK, verb intransitive [Dutch tikken. It coincides in elements with Latin tango, tago.]

To beat; to pat; or to make a small noise by beating or otherwise; as a watch.

Tick-Bean

TICK-BEAN, noun A small bean employed in feeding horses and other animals.

Cyc.

Ticken

TICK'EN, noun Cloth for bed-ticks or cases for beds.

Ticket

TICK'ET, noun [French etiquette; Welsh tocyn, a short piece or slip, a ticket, from tociaw, to curtail, to clip, to dock. We have dock and docket from the same root. It denotes a piece or slip of paper.]

1. A piece of paper or a card, which gives the holder a right of admission to some place; as a ticket for the play-house or for other exhibition.

2. A piece of paper or writing, acknowledging some debt, or a certificate that something is due to the holder.

Spenser.

3. A piece of paper bearing some number in a lottery, which entitles the owner to receive such prize as may be drawn against that number. When it draws no prize, it is said to draw a blank, and the holder has nothing to receive.

Ticket

TICK'ET, verb transitive To distinguish by a ticket.

Bentley.

Tickle

TICK'LE, verb transitive [dim. of touch; perhaps directly from tick, to pat, or it is the Latin titillo, corrupted.]

1. To touch lightly and cause a peculiar thrilling sensation, which cannot be described. A slight sensation of this kind may give pleasure, but when violent it is insufferable.

2. To please by slight gratification. A glass of wine may tickle the palate.

Such a nature

Tickled with good success.

Shak.

Tickle

TICK'LE, verb intransitive To feel titillation.

He with secret joy therefore

Did tickle inwardly in every vein.

Spenser.

Tickle

TICK'LE, adjective Tottering; wavering, or liable to waver and fall at the slightest touch; unstable; easily overthrown.

Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders, that a milkmaid, if in love, may sigh it off.

Shak.

The state of Normandy

Stands on a tickle point.

Shak.

[This word is wholly obsolete, at least in N. England. Ticklish is the word used.]

Tickleness

TICK'LENESS, noun Unsteadiness. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Tickler

TICK'LER, noun One that tickles or pleases.

Tickling

TICK'LING, participle of the present tense Affecting with titillation.

Tickling

TICK'LING, noun The act of affecting with titillation.

Ticklish

TICK'LISH, adjective Sensible to slight touches; easily tickled. The bottom of the foot is very ticklish, as are the sides. The palm of the hand, hardened by use, is not ticklish.

2. Tottering; standing so as to be liable to totter and fall at the slightest touch; unfixed; easily moved or affected.

Ireland was a ticklish and unsettled state.

Bacon.

3. Difficult; nice; critical; as, these are ticklish times.

Swift.

Ticklishness

TICK'LISHNESS, noun The state or quality of being ticklish or very sensible.

2. The state of being tottering or liable to fall.

3. Criticalness of condition or state.

Tick-Seed

TICK-SEED, noun A plant of the genus Co-reopsis, and another of the genus Corispernum.

Lee.

Ticktack

TICK'TACK, noun A game at tables.

Bailey.

Tid

TID, adjective [Saxon tydder.] Tender; soft; nice.

Tidbit

TID'BIT, noun [tid and bit.] A delicate or tender piece.

Tiddle

TID'DLE, or TID'DER, verb transitive To use with tenderness; to fondle.

Tide

TIDE, noun [Saxon tidan, to happen; tid, time, season, opportunity, an hour; German zeit; Dutch tyd; Swedish Danish tid. This word is from a root that signifies to come, to happen, or to fall or rush, as in betide; corresponding in sense with time, season, hour, opportunity. Tid, time, is the fall, the occasion, the event. Its original meaning is entirely obsolete, except in composition as in Shrovetide, Whitsuntide.]

1. Time; season.

Which, at the appointed tide,

Each one did make his bride.

Spenser

[This sense is obsolete.]

2. The flow of the water in the ocean and seas, twice in a little more than twenty four hours; the flux and reflux, or ebb and flow. We commonly distinguish the flow or rising of the water by the name of flood-tide, and the reflux by that of ebb-tide. There is much less tide or rise of water in the main ocean, at a distance from land, than there is at the shore, and in sounds and bays.

2. Stream; course; current; as the tide of the times.

Time's ungentle tide.

Byron.

3. Favorable course.

There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.

Shak.

4. Violent confluence. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

5. Among miners, the period of twelve hours.

Cyc.

6. Current; flow of blood.

And life's red tide runs ebbing from the wound.

Battle of Frogs and Mice.

Tide

TIDE, verb transitive To drive with the stream.

Dryden.

Tide

TIDE, verb intransitive To work in or out of a river or harbor by favor of the tide, and anchor when it becomes adverse.

Mar. Dict.

Tide-Gate

TI'DE-GATE, noun A gate through which water passes into a basin when the tide flows, and which is shut to retain the water from flowing back at the ebb.

2. Among seamen, a place where the tide runs with great velocity.

Mar. Dict.

Tide-Mill

TI'DE-MILL, noun [tide and mill.] A mill that is moved by tide water; also, a mill for clearing lands from tide water.

Tides-Man

TI'DES-MAN, noun An officer who remains on board of a merchant's ship till the goods are landed, to prevent the evasion of the duties.

Tide-Waiter

TI'DE-WAITER, noun [tide and waiter.] An officer who watches the landing of goods, to secure the payment of duties.

Tide-Way

TI'DE-WAY, noun [tide and way.] The channel in which the tide sets.

Mar. Dict.

Tidily

TI'DILY, adverb [from tidy.] Neatly; with neat simplicity; as a female tidily dressed.

Tidiness

TI'DINESS, noun Neatness without richness or elegance; neat simplicity; as the tidiness of dress.

2. Neatness; as the tidiness of rooms.

Tidings

TI'DINGS, n. plu. [Swedish tidning; Danish tidende, news. It is the participle of Saxon tidan, to happen, or some other verb connected with tide, and denotes coming, or that which arrives.]

News; advice; information; intelligence; account of what has taken place, and was not before known.

I shall make my master glad with these tidings.

Shak.

Behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. Luke 2.

Tidy

TI'DY, adjective [from tide, time, season; Danish Swedish tidig, seasonable.]

1. In its primary sense, seasonable; favorable; being in proper time; as weather fair and tidy.

Tusser.

2. Neat; dressed with neat simplicity; as a tidy lass; the children are tidy; their dress is tidy; that is primarily, proper for the time or occasion.

3. Neat; being in good order. The apartments are well furnished and tidy.

Tie

TIE, or TYE, verb transitive [Saxon tian, for tigan, to bind; tig, tige, a tie, a purse. The primary sense is to strain, and hence its alliance to tug, to draw, Swedish tiga, Latin taceo, to be silent. The Greek may be the same word. On account of the participle tying, it might be well to write the verb tye.]

1. To bind; to fasten with a band or cord and knot.

My son, keep thy father's commandmentsÃ‚--bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. Proverbs 6.

2. To fold and make fast; as, to tie a knot.

3. To knit; to complicate.

We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle the argument.

Burnet.

4. To fasten; to hold; to unite so as not to be easily parted.

In bond of virtuous love together tied.

Fairfax.

5. To oblige; to constrain; to restrain; to confine. People in their jealousy, may tie the hands of their ministers and public agents, so as to prevent them from doing good.

Not tied to rules of policy, you find

Revenge less sweet than a forgiving mind.

Dryden.

6. In music, to unite notes by a cross line, or by a curve line drawn over them.

To tie up, to confine; to restrain; to hinder from motion or action; as, to tie up the tongue; to tie up the hands.

Addison.

To tie down, to fasten so as to prevent from rising.

2. To restrain; to confine; to hinder from action.

Tie

TIE, noun A knot; fastening.

2. Bond; obligation, moral or legal; as the sacred ties of friendship or of duty; the ties of allegiance.

3. A knot of hair.

Young.

Tied

TIED, or TYED, participle passive Bound; fastened with a knot; confined; restrained; united, as notes.

Tier

TIER, noun [Hebrew tur. Class Dr. No. 24. See Tire.]

A row; a rank; particularly when two or more rows are placed one above another; as a tier of seats in a church or theater. Thus in ships of war, the range of guns on one deck and one side of a ship, is called a tier. Those on the lower deck are called the lower tier, and those above, the middle or upper tiers. Ships with three tiers of guns are three deckers.

The tiers of a cable are the ranges of fakes or windings of a cable, laid one within another when coiled.

Tier, in organs, is a rank or range of pipes in the front of the instrument, or in the interior, when the compound stops have several ranks of pipes.

Cyc.

Tierce

TIERCE, n. ters. [French from tiers, third.] A cask whose content is one third of a pipe, that is, forty gallons; or it may be the measure.

2. In Ireland, a weight by which provisions are sold. The tierce of beef for the navy, is 304lb. and for India, 336lb.

3. In music, a third.

4. In gaming, a sequence of three cards of the same color.

5. A thrust in fencing.

Tiercel

TIERCEL, or TIERCELET, noun In falconry, a name given to the male hawk, as being a third part less than the female.

Cyc.

Tiercet

TIERCET, n. ter'cet. [from tierce.] In poetry, a triplet; three lines, or three lines rhyming.

Tiff

TIFF, noun [Qu. tipple, tope.] Liquor; or rather a small draught of liquor. [Vulgar.]

Philips.

2. A pet or fit of peevishness.

Johnson.

[I know not where this word is used in the latter sense.]

Tiff

TIFF, verb intransitive To be in a pet. [Low.]

Johnson.

Tiff

TIFF, verb transitive To dress. [Not in use.]

Tiffany

TIF'FANY, noun [According to the Italian and Spanish Dictionaries, this word is to be referred to taffeta.] A species of gauze or very thin silk.

Tiffe-de-mer, a species of sea plant, so called by Count Marsigli, from its resemblance to the heads of the Typha palustris, or cat's tail. It has a smooth surface and a velvety look. It grows to two feet in highth, and is elegantly branched. It grows on rocks and stones, and when first taken out of the sea, is full of a yellow viscous water, but when this is pressed out and the substance is dried, it becomes of a dusky brown color.

Cyc.

Tig

TIG, noun A play. [See Tag.]

Tige

TIGE, noun [French a stalk.] The shaft of a column from the astragal to the capital.

Bailey.

Tiger

TI'GER, noun [French tigre; Italian tigro; Latin tigris; said to be from, gir, a dart; whence tiger.]

A fierce and rapacious animal of the genus Felis, (F. tigris;) one of the largest and most terrible of the genus, inhabiting Africa and Asia. The American tiger is the Felis onÃƒ-§a. There is also the tiger cat or Felis capensis.

Tiger-Footed

TI'GER-FOOTED, adjective Hastening to devour; furious.

Entick.

Tigerish

TI'GERISH, adjective Like a tiger.

Tigers-Foot

TI'GER'S-FOOT, noun A plant of the genus Ipomoea.

Lee.

Tiger-Shell

TI'GER-SHELL, noun [tiger and shell.] A name given to the red voluta, with large white spots. In the Linnean system, the tiger-shell is a species of Cypraea.

Cyc.

Tigh

TIGH, noun In Kent, a close or inclosure.

Tight

TIGHT, adjective [German dicht; Dutch Swedish Danish digt; allied to thick and tie, and to Swedish tiga, to be silent, Latin taceo; that is, close, closely compressed; Russian tugei, stiff. See Tack.]

1. Close; compact; not loose or open; having the joints so close that no fluid can enter or escape; not leaky; as a tight ship, or a tight cask.

2. Close; not admitting much air; as a tight room.

3. Sitting close to the body; as a tight coat or other garment.

4. Close; not having holes or crevices; not loose; applied to many vessels, &c.

5. Close; hard; as a tight bargain. [In common use in America.]

6. Close; parsimonious; saving; as a man tight in his dealings. [In common use in America.]

7. Closely dressed; not ragged.

I'll spin and card, and keep our children tight.

Gay.

8. Hardy; adroit.

Shak.

[Note. This is the taught or taught of seamen, applied to a rope stretched. The primary sense is strained.]

Tighten

TIGHTEN, v. t. ti'tn. To draw tighter; to straiten; to make more close in any manner.

Tighter

TIGHTER, noun A ribin or string used to draw clothes closer. [Not used.]

2. More tight.

Tightly

TIGHTLY, adverb Closely; compactly.

2. Neatly; adroitly.

Tightness

TIGHTNESS, noun Closeness of joints; compactness; straitness.

2. Neatness, as in dress.

3. Parsimoniousness; closeness in dealing.

Tigress

TI'GRESS, noun [from tiger.] The female of the tiger.

Tike

TIKE, noun A tick. [See Tick.]

Tike

TIKE, noun [Celtic, tiak, tiac, a plowman; Armoric tiec, a housekeeper.]

1. A countryman or clown.

2. A dog.

Shak.

Tile

TILE, noun [Saxon tigel; Dutch tegel or tichgel; German ziegel; Danish Swedish tegel; Latin tegula; Italian tegola; Spanish teja, contracted. This word is undoubtedly from the root of Latin tego, to cover, to deck.]

1. A plate or piece of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of buildings.

The pins for fastening tiles are made of oak or fir.

Moxon.

2. In metallurgy, a small flat piece of dried earth, used to cover vessels in which metals are fused.

3. A piece of baked clay used in drains.

Tile

TILE, verb transitive To cover with tiles; as, to tile a house.

2. To cover, as tiles.

The muscle, sinew and vein,

Which tile this house, will come again.

Donne.

Tile-Earth

TILE-EARTH, noun A species of strong clayey earth; stiff and stubborn land. [Local.]

Cyc.

Tiled

TI'LED, participle passive Covered with tiles.

Tile-Ore

TILE-ORE, noun A subspecies of octahedral red copper ore.

Ure.

Tiler

TI'LER, noun A man whose occupation is to cover buildings with tiles.

Bacon.

Tiling

TI'LING, participle of the present tense Covering with tiles.

Tiling

TI'LING, noun A roof covered with tiles. Luke 5.

2. Tiles in general.

Till

TILL, noun A vetch; a tare. [Local.]

Till

TILL, or TILL'ER, noun A money box in a shop; a drawer.

Till

TILL, prep. or adverb [Saxon til, tille; Swedish Danish til; Saxon atillan, to reach or come to. This word in Swedish and Danish as in Scottish, signifies to or at, and is the principal word used where we use to. The primary sense of the verb is expressed in the Saxon.]

1. To the time or time of. I did not see the man till the last time he came; I waited for him till four o'clock; I will wait till next week.

Till now, to the present time. I never heard of the fact till now.

Till then, to that time. I never heard of the fact till then.

2. It is used before verbs and sentences in a like sense, denoting to the time specified in the sentence or clause following. I will wait till you arrive.

He said to them, occupy till I come. Luke 19.

Certain JewsÃ‚--bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul. Acts 23.

Meditate so long till you make some act of prayer to God.

Taylor.

[Note.Ã‚--In this use, till is not a conjunction; it does not connect sentences like and, or like or. It neither denotes union nor separation, nor an alternative. It has always the same office, except that it precedes a single word or a single sentence; the time to which it refers being in one case expressed by a single word, as now, or then, or time, with this, or that, &c. and in the other by a verb with its adjuncts; as, occupy till I come. In the latter use, till is a preposition preceding a sentence, like against, in the phrase, against I come.]

Till

TILL, verb transitive [Saxon tilian, tiligan, to work, to toil, to cultivate, to prepare; Welsh telu, to strain. In German bestellen, from stellen, to set, to put in order, has the sense of tilling, cultivating. These words are doubtless of one family.]

1. To labor; to cultivate; to plow and prepare for seed, and to dress crops. This word includes not only plowing but harrowing, and whatever is done to prepare ground for a crop, and to keep it free from weeds.

The Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden to till the ground from whence he was taken. Genesis 3.

2. In the most general sense, to till may include every species of husbandry, and this may be its sense in Scripture.

Tillable

TILL'ABLE, adjective Capable of being tilled; arable; fit for the plow.

Carew.

Tillage

TILL'AGE, noun The operation, practice or art of preparing land for seed, and keeping the ground free from weeds which might impede the growth of crops. Tillage includes manuring, plowing, harrowing and rolling land, or whatever is done to bring it to a proper state to receive the seed, and the operations of plowing, harrowing and hoeing the ground, to destroy weeds and loosen the soil after it is planted; culture; a principal branch of agriculture. Tillage of the earth is the principal as it was the first occupation of man, and no employment is more honorable.

Tilled

TILL'ED, participle passive Cultivated; prepared for seed and kept clean.

Tiller

TILL'ER, noun One who tills; a husband-man; a cultivator; a plowman.

2. The bar or lever employed to turn the rudder of a ship.

3. A small drawer; a till.

4. Among farmers, the shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk; also, the sprout or young tree that springs from the root or stump.

5. A young timber tree. [Local.]

Tiller

TILL'ER, verb intransitive To put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of the original stalk; as we say, wheat or rye tillers; it spreads by tillering. The common orthography is tiller. Sir Joseph Banks writes it tillow.

Tillering

TILL'ERING, participle of the present tense Sending out new shoots round the bottom of the original stem.

Tillering

TILLERING, noun The act of sending forth young shoots from the root or around the bottom of the original stalk.

Tiller-Rope

TILL'ER-ROPE, noun The rope which forms a communication between the fore end of the tiller and the wheel.

Mar. Dict.

Tilling

TILL'ING, participle of the present tense Cultivating.

Tilling

TILL'ING, noun The operation of cultivating land; culture.

Tillman

TILL'MAN, noun A man who tills the earth; a husbandman. Obs.

Tusser.

Tilly-Fally

TILL'Y-FALLY, or TILL'Y-VALLY, adverb or adjective A word formerly used when any thing said was rejected as trifling or impertinent. Obs.

Tilt

TILT, noun [Saxon teld; Danish telt; Icelandic tiald; Welsh telu, to stretch over.]

1. A tent; a covering over head.

Denham.

2. The cloth covering of a cart or wagon.

3. The cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning of canvas or other cloth, extended over the stern sheets of a boat.

Mar. Dict.

Tilt

TILT, verb transitive To cover with a cloth or awning.

Philips.

Tilt

TILT, noun [See the Verb.] A thrust; as a tilt with a lance.

Addison.

2. Formerly, a military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other with lances; as tilts and tournaments.

3. A large hammer; a tilt-hammer; used in iron manufactures.

4. Inclination forward; as the tilt of a cask; or a cask is a-tilt.

Tilt

TILT, verb transitive [Saxon tealtian, to lean, to incline, to nod; Danish tylder, to pour out, to decant. In Dutch tillen signifies to lift, Latin tollo. This is probably a derivative verb.]

1. To incline; to raise one end, as of a cask, for discharging liquor; as, to tilt a barrel.

2. To point or thrust, as a lance.

Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance.

Philips.

3. To hammer or forge with a tilt-hammer or tilt; as, to tilt steel to render it more ductile.

Cyc.

4. To cover with a tilt.

Tilt

TILT, verb intransitive To run or ride and thrust with a lance; to practice the military game or exercise of thrusting at each other on horseback.

Milton.

2. To fight with rapiers.

Swords out and tilting one at other's breast.

Shak.

3. To rush, as in combat.

Collier.

4. To play unsteadily; to ride, float and toss.

The fleet swift tilting o'er the surges flew.

Pope.

5. To lean; to fall, as on one side.

The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of the back.

Grew.

Tilt-Boat

TILT'-BOAT, noun A boat covered with canvas or other cloth.

Tilted

TILT'ED, participle passive Inclined; made to stoop; covered with cloth or awning.

2. Hammered; prepared by beating; as steel.

Tilter

TILT'ER, noun One who tilts; one who uses the exercise of pushing a lance on horseback; one who fights.

Let me alone to match your tilter.

Granville.

2. One who hammers with a tilt.

Tilth

TILTH, noun [Saxon tilth; from tilt.] That which is tilled; tillage ground. [Not in use.]

2. The state of being tilled or prepared for a crop. We say, land is in good tilth, when it is manured, plowed, broken and mellowed for receiving the seed. We say also, ground is in bad tilth. When we say, land is in tilth, we mean in good condition for the seed; not in tilth, in a bad condition.

Tilt-Hammer

TILT'-HAMMER, noun [tilt and hammer.] A heavy hammer used in iron works, which is lifted by a wheel.

Tilting

TILT'ING, participle of the present tense Inclining; causing to stoop or lean; using the game of thrusting with the lance on horseback; also, hammering with a tilt-hammer.

Timbal

TIM'BAL, noun A kettle drum.

Timber

TIM'BER, noun [Saxon timber, wood, a tree, structure; timbrian, to build, to edify, in a moral sense; Gothic timbryan, to construct; Swedish timmer, wood fit for building; timra, to build, to frame; Danish tÃƒ-¶mmer, timber; tÃƒ-¶mrer, to build; Dutch timmer, an apartment; timber, a crest; timmeren, to build; timmerhout, timber; German zimmer, an apartment; zimmern, to square, fit, fabricate; zimmerholz, timber. If m is radical, which is probable, this word coincides with Greek, Latin domus, a house, and Greek, the body. The primary sense is probably to set, lay or found.]

1. That sort of wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships and the like. We apply the word to standing trees which are suitable for the uses above mentioned, as a forest contains excellent timber; or to the beams, rafters, scantling, boards, planks, &c. hewed or sawed from such trees. Of all the species of trees useful as timber, in our climate, the white oak and the white pine hold the first place in importance.

2. The body or stem of a tree.

Shak.

3. The materials; in irony.

Such dispositionsÃ‚--are the fittest timber to make politics of.

Bacon.

4. A single piece or squared stick of wood for building, or already framed.

Many of the timbers were decayed.

Coxe's Switzerland.

5. In ships, a timber is a rib or curving piece of wood, branching outward from the keel in a vertical direction. One timber is composed of several pieces united in one frame.

Mar. Dict.

Timber

TIM'BER, verb transitive To furnish with timber. [See Timbered.]

Timber

TIM'BER, verb intransitive To light on a tree. [Not in use.]

L'Estrange.

2. In falconry, to make a nest.

Cyc.

Timber or timmer of furs, as of martens, ermines, sables and the like, denotes forty skins; of other skins, one hundred and twenty.

Laws of Ed. Confessor.

Timbers of ermine, in heraldry, denote the ranks or rows of ermine in noblemen's coats.

Timbered

TIM'BERED, participle passive or adjective Furnished with timber; as a well timbered house. In the United States, we say, land is well timbered, when it is covered with good timber trees.

2. Built; formed; contrived. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Timber-Head

TIM'BER-HEAD, noun [timber and head.] In ships, the top end of a timber, rising above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, &c.; otherwise called kevelhead.

Mar. Dict.

Timbering

TIM'BERING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with timber.

Timber-Sow

TIM'BER-SOW, noun A worm in wood.

Bacon.

Timber-Tree

TIM'BER-TREE, noun [timber and tree.] A tree suitable for timber.

Timber-Work

TIM'BER-WORK, noun [timber and work.] Work formed of wood.

Timber-Yard

TIM'BER-Y`ARD, noun [timber and yard.] A yard or place where timber is deposited.

Timbre

TIM'BRE, noun [Dutch timber.] A crest on a coat of arms. It ought to be written timber.

Timbrel

TIM'BREL, noun [Spanish tamboril, a tabor or drum; Italian tamburo; French tambourin, tambour; Irish tiompan; Latin tympanum; Greek. This is probably the same as tabor, or from the same root; m being casual. It is from beating; Greek.]

An instrument of music; a kind of drum, tabor or tabret, which has been in use from the highest antiquity.

And Miriam took a timbrel in her handÃ‚--and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. Exodus 15.

Timbreled

TIM'BRELED, adjective Sung to the sound of the timbrel.

Milton.

Time

TIME, noun [Saxon tim, tima, time in general; Danish time, Swedish timme, an hour; Latin tempus; Italian Portugese tempo; Spanish tiempo; French temps, time in general; all from the root of the Swedish tima, to happen, to come, to befall; but the root in some of its applications, must have signified to rush with violence. Hence the sense of temples, Latin tempora, the falls of the head, also tempest, &c. See Tempest. Time is primarily equivalent to season; to the Greek in its original sense, opportunity, occasion, a fall, an event, that which comes.]

1. A particular portion or part of duration, whether past, present or future. The time was; the time has been; the time is; the time will be.

Lost time is never found again.

Franklin.

God, who at sundry times, and in divers manners, spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets. Hebrews i.

2. A proper time; a season.

There is a time to every purpose. Ecclesiastes 3.

The time of figs was not yet. Mark 11.

3. Duration.

The equal and uniform flux of time does not affect our senses.

Cyc.

Time is absolute or relative; absolute time is considered without any relation to bodies or their motions. Relative time is the sensible measure of any portion of duration, by means of motion. Thus the diurnal revolution of the sun measures a space of time or duration. Hence,

4. A space or measured portion of duration. We were in Paris two months, and all that time enjoyed good health.

5. Life or duration, in reference to occupation. One man spends his time in idleness; another devotes all his time to useful purposes.

Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to religion, to mankind.

Buckminster.

6. Age; a part of duration distinct from other parts; as ancient times; modern times. The Spanish armada was defeated in the time of Queen Elizabeth.

7. Hour of travail.

She was within one month of her time.

Clarendon.

8. Repetition; repeated performance, or mention with reference to repetition. The physician visits his patient three times in a day.

9. Repetition; doubling; addition of a number to itself; as, to double cloth four times; four times four amount to sixteen.

10. Measure of sounds in music; as common time, and treble time. In concerts, it is all important that the performers keep time, or exact time.

11. The state of things at a particular period; as when we say, good times, or bad

times, hard times, dull times for trade, &c. In this sense, the plural is generally used.

12. In grammar, tense.

In time, in good season; sufficiently early. He arrived in time to see the exhibition.

2. A considerable space of duration; process or continuation of duration. You must wait patiently; you will in time recover your health and strength.

At times, at distinct intervals of duration. At times he reads; at other times, he rides.

The spirit began to move him at times. Judges 13.

Time enough, in season; early enough.

Stanley at Bosworth-field, came time enough to save his life.

Bacon.

To lose time, to delay.

2. To go too slow; as, a watch or clock loses time.

Apparent time, in astronomy, true solar time, regulated by the apparent motions of the sun.

Mean time, equated time, a mean or average of apparent time.

Siderial time, is that which is shown by the diurnal revolutions of the stars.

Time

TIME, verb transitive To adapt to the time or occasion; to bring, begin or perform at the proper season or time; as, the measure is well timed, or ill timed. No small part of political wisdom consists in knowing how to time propositions and measures.

Mercy is good, but kings mistake its timing.

Dryden.

2. To regulate as to time; as, he timed the stroke.

Addison.

3. To measure; as in music or harmony.

Shak.

Timed

TI'MED, participle passive Adapted to the season or occasion.

Timeful

TI'MEFUL, adjective Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. [Not much used.]

Raleigh.

Timeist

TI'MEIST, noun In music, a performer who keeps good time.

Busby.

Time-Keeper

TI'ME-KEEPER, noun [time and keeper.] A clock, watch or other chronometer.

Timeless

TI'MELESS, adjective Unseasonable; done at an improper time.

Nor fits it to prolong the heav'nly feast

TimelessÃ‚-- [Not used.]

Pope.

2. Untimely; immature; done or suffered before the proper time; as a timeless grave. [Not used.]

Shak.

Timelessly

TI'MELESSLY, adverb Unseasonably.

Milton.

Timeliness

TI'MELINESS, noun [from timely.] Seasonableness; a being in good time.

Timely

TI'MELY, adjective Seasonable; being in good time; sufficiently early. The defendant had timely notice of this motion. Timely care will often prevent great evils.

2. Keeping time or measure. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Timely

TI'MELY, adverb Early; soon; in good season.

Timely advis'd, the coming evil shun.

Prior.

Time-Piece

TI'ME-PIECE, noun [time and piece.] A clock, watch or other instrument to measure or show the progress of time; a chronometer.

Time-Pleaser

TI'ME-PLEASER, n. s as z. [time and please.]

One who complies with the prevailing opinions, whatever they may be.

Shak.

Time-Server

TI'ME-SERVER, noun [time and serve.] One who adapts his opinions and manners to the times; one who obsequiously complies with the ruling power.

Hall.

Time-Serving

TI'ME-SERVING, adjective Obsequiously complying with the humors of men in power.

Time-Serving

TI'ME-SERVING, noun An obsequious compliance with the humors of men in power, which implies a surrender of one's independence, and sometimes of one's integrity.

Time-Worn

TI'ME-WORN, adjective Impaired by time.

Irving.

Timid

TIM'ID, adjective [French timide; Latin timidus, from timeo, to fear; Gaelic, tim, time, fear; Spanish temblar, to shake with fear; temer, to fear. The sense is probably to shake, or to fail, fall, recede or shrink.]

Fearful; wanting courage to meet danger; timorous; not bold.

Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare.

Thomson.

Timidity

TIMID'ITY, noun [French timiditÃƒ-©; Latin timiditas.]

Fearfulness; want of courage or boldness to face danger; timorousness; habitual cowardice. Timidity in one person may be a good trait of character, while in another it is a deep reproach.

Timidly

TIM'IDLY, adverb In a timid manner; weakly; without courage.

Timidness

TIM'IDNESS, noun Timidity.

Timocracy

TIMOC'RACY, noun [Greek, honor, worth, and, to hold.]

Government by men of property, who are possessed of a certain income.

Gillies' Aristotle.

Timoneer

TIMONEE'R, noun [French timon; Latin temo.] A helmsman.

Mar. Dict.

Timorous

TIM'OROUS, adjective [Italian timoroso; from Latin timor. See Timid.]

1. Fearful of danger; timid; destitute of courage; as a timorous female.

2. Indicating fear; full of scruples; as timorous doubts; timorous beliefs.

Brown. Prior.

Timorously

TIM'OROUSLY, adverb Fearfully; timidly; without boldness; with much fear.

Let dastard souls be timorously wise.

Philips.

Timorousness

TIM'OROUSNESS, noun Fearfulness; timidity; want of courage.

Swift.

Timous

TIMOUS, adjective [from time.] Early; timely. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Timously

TIMOUSLY, adverb In good season. [Not in use.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Tin

TIN, noun [Saxon Dutch tin; German zinn; Swedish tenn; Danish tin, pewter, and tinblik, tin, that is, tin-plate; Irish stan; Welsh ystaen, that is spread or is sprinkled over, a stain, and tin; Cornish staen; Armoric stean; French etain; Latin stannum; Spanish estaÃƒ-±o; Portugese estanho; Italian stagno. The latter signifies tin, pewter, and a pond, Latin stagnum.]

1. A white metal, with a slight tinge of yellow. It is soft, non-elastic, very malleable, and when a bar of it is bent near the ear, distinguished by a crackling sound called the cry of tin. It is used for culinary vessels, being for this purpose usually combined with lead, forming pewter; and alloyed with small proportions of antimony, copper and bismuth, is formed into various wares resembling silver, under the names of block-tin, brittania, &c. Equal parts of tin and lead compose soder. Tin united with copper in different proportions, forms bronze, bell-metal, and speculum-metal.

Dutch Olmsted.

2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin.

Tin

TIN, verb transitive To cover with tin, or overlay with tinfoil.

Tinct

TINCT, verb transitive [Latin tingo, tinctus.] To stain or color; to imbue. Obs.

Tinct

TINCT, noun Stain; color. [Obsolete. We now use tinge and tincture.]

Tincture

TINC'TURE, noun [Latin tinctura; French teinture. See Tinge.]

1. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a menstruum; or an extract of a part of the substance of a body, communicated to the menstruum. Hence,

2. In medicine, a spiritous solution of such of the proximate principles of vegetables and animals as are soluble in pure alcohol or proof-spirit; wine or spirits containing medicinal substances in solution.

Cyc. Coxe.

3. A tinge or shade of color; as a tincture of red.

4. Slight taste superadded to any substance; as a tincture of orange-peel.

5. Slight quality added to any thing; as a tincture of French manners.

All manners take a tincture from our own.

Pope.

Tincture

TINC'TURE, verb transitive To tinge; to communicate a slight foreign color to; to impregnate with some extraneous matter.

A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors.

Watts.

2. To imbue the mind; to communicate a portion of any thing foreign; as a mind tinctured with scepticism.

Tinctured

TINC'TURED, participle passive Tinged; slightly impregnated with something foreign.

Tincturing

TINC'TURING, participle of the present tense Tinging; imbuing; impregnating with a foreign substance.

Tind

TIND, verb transitive [Saxon tendan, tynan, to kindle; Gothic tandyan; Swedish t?nda; Danish toender; tine; tinder, German zunder; probably allied to Irish Gaelic, teine, fire, Welsh Cornish Armoric tan; and perhaps our word sun is of the same family.] To kindle. Obs. But hence,

Tinder

TIND'ER, noun [Saxon tyndre.] Something very inflammable used for kindling fire from a spark; as scorched linen.

Swift.

Tinder-Box

TIND'ER-BOX, noun [tinder and box.] A box in which tinder is kept.

Atterbury.

Tinderlike

TIND'ERLIKE, adjective [tinder and like.] Like tinder; very inflammable.

Shak.

Tine

TINE, verb transitive [Saxon tynan.] To kindle; to set on fire. Obs. [See Tind.]

Spenser.

Tine

TINE, verb transitive [Saxon tynan; Latin teneo.] To shut or inclose; to fill. [Not in use or local.]

Tine

TINE, noun [Saxon tindes; Icelandic tindr; probably the Latin dens, German zahn, Welsh dant, a tooth; at any rate, it is a shoot.]

1. The tooth or spike of a fork; a prong; also, the tooth of a harrow or drag.

2. Trouble; distress. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Tine

TINE, verb intransitive [Saxon tynan; from teine, tan, fire, supra.]

To rage; to smart; to fight. Obs.

Spenser.

Tineman

TI'NEMAN, noun Anciently an officer of the forest in England, who had the nocturnal care of vert and venison.

Cyc.

Tinet

TI'NET, noun [tine, to shut, supra.] In old writers, brushwood and thorns for making and repairing hedges.

Cyc.

Tinfoil

TINFOIL, noun [tin and Latin folium, a leaf.] Tin reduced to a thin leaf.

Ting

TING, noun A sharp sound. [Not in use. Children use ding, dong. See Tingle.]

Ting

TING, verb intransitive To sound or ring. [Not in use.]

Tinge

TINGE, verb transitive [Latin tingo; Greek; Saxon deagan; to dye; German tunken, to dip; French teindre, to stain. See Dye. Arabic to perish, to die, to tinge. Class Dg. No. 40. See also No. 8. and 19. Tinging is from dipping. The primary sense of the verb is to plunge, or to throw down, to thrust, and intransitively to fall; hence we see the words to die, that is, to fall or perish, and to dye, or color, may be from one root.]

To imbue or impregnate with something foreign; to communicate the qualities of one substance, in some degree, to another, either by mixture, or by adding them to the surface; as, to tinge a blue color with red; an infusion tinged with a yellow color by saffron; to tinge a decoction with a bitter taste. The jaundice tinges the eyes with yellow.

The virtues of sir Roger, as well as his imperfections, are tinged with extravagance.

Addison.

Tinge

TINGE, noun Color; dye; taste; or rather a slight degree of some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into another substance or mixture, or added to it; tincture; as a red color that has a tinge of blue; a dish of food that has a tinge of orange peel in its taste.

Tinged

TING'ED, participle passive Imbued or impregnated with a small portion of something foreign.

Tingent

TING'ENT, adjective Having the power to tinge.

As for the white part, it appeared much less enriched with the tingent property.

Boyle.

[Little used.]

Tinging

TING'ING, participle of the present tense Imbuing or impregnating with something foreign.

Tin-Glass

TIN'-GLASS, noun Bismuth, which see.

Tingle

TIN'GLE, verb intransitive [Welsh tincial, tincian or tinciaw, to tink, to tinkle or tingle, to ring, to draw or drain the last drop. Qu. Dutch tintelen, French tinter, Latin tinnio.]

1. To feel a kind of thrilling sound.

At which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. 1 Samuel 3.

2. To feel a sharp thrilling pain.

The pale boy senator yet tingling stands.

Pope.

3. To have a thrilling sensation, or a sharp slight penetrating sensation.

They suck pollution through their tingling veins.

Tickel.

Tingling

TING'LING, participle of the present tense Having a thrilling sensation.

Tingling

TING'LING, noun A thrilling sensation.

Tink

TINK, verb intransitive [Welsh tinciaw, supra.] To make a sharp shrill noise; to tinkle. [The latter is generally used.]

Tinkal

TINK'AL, noun Borax in its crude state or unrefined. It consists of small crystals of a yellowish color, and is unctuous to the feel.

Dict.

Tinker

TINK'ER, noun [Welsh tincerz, the ringer, from tinciaw, to ring.] A mender of brass kettles, pans and the like.

Tinkerly

TINK'ERLY, adverb In the manner of a tinker.

Hackengill.

Tinkle

TINK'LE, verb intransitive [Welsh tincial, supra, under tingle.]

1. To make small quick sharp sounds, as by striking on metal; to clink.

Ã‚--And have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Corinthians 13. Isaiah 3.

The sprightly horse

Moves to the music of his tinkling bells.

Dodsley.

The moment the money tinkles in the chest, the soul mounts out of purgatory.

Tetzel in Milner.

2. To hear a small sharp sound.

And his ears tinkled, and his color fled.

Dryden.

Tinkle

TINK'LE, verb transitive To cause to clink or make sharp quick sounds.

Tinkling

TINK'LING, participle of the present tense Making a small quick sharp noise.

Tinkling

TINK'LING, noun A small quick sharp sound. Making a tinkling with their feet. Isaiah 3.

Tinman

TIN'MAN, noun [tin and man.] A manufacturer of tin vessels; a dealer in tin ware.

Prior.

Tin-Mine

TIN'-MINE, noun [tin and mine.] A mine where tin is obtained.

Tinned

TIN'NED, participle passive Covered with tin.

Tinner

TIN'NER, noun [from tin.] One who works in the tin mines.

Bacon.

Tinning

TIN'NING, participle of the present tense [from tin.] Covering with tin or tinfoil.

Tinning

TIN'NING, noun The act, art or practice of covering or lining any thing with melted tin or with tinfoil, as kitchen utensils, locks, bits, &c.

Tinny

TIN'NY, adjective Abounding with tin.

Drayton.

Tinpenny

TIN'PENNY, noun [tin and penny.] A customary duty in England, formerly paid to tithingmen.

Bailey.

Tinsel

TIN'SEL, noun [French etincelle, a spark.] Something very shining and gaudy; something superficially shining and showy, or having a false luster, and more gay than valuable.

Who can discern the tinsel from the gold?

Dryden.

If the man will too curiously examine the superficial tinsel good, he undeceives himself to his cost.

Norris.

2. A kind of shining cloth.

Fairfax.

3. A kind of lace.

Tinsel

TIN'SEL, adjective Gaudy; showy to excess; specious; superficial.

Tinsel

TIN'SEL, verb transitive To adorn with something glittering and showy without much value; to make gaudy.

She, tinsel'd o'er in robes of varying huesÃ‚--

Pope.

Tinseled

TIN'SELED, participle passive Decorated with gaudy ornaments.

Tinseling

TIN'SELING, participle of the present tense Adorning with tinsel or superficial luster.

Tint

TINT, noun [Italian tinta; French teint; from Latin tinctus, tingo. See Tinge.]

A dye; a color, or rather a slight coloring or tincture distinct from the ground or principal color; as red with a blue tint, or tint of blue. In painting, tints are the colors considered as more or less bright, deep or thin, by the due use and intermixture of which a picture receives its shades, softness and variety.

Or blend in beauteous tint the color'd mass.

Pope.

Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline.

Harte.

Tint

TINT, verb transitive To tinge; to give a slight coloring to.

Seward.

Tin-Worm

TIN'-WORM, noun [tin and worm.] An insect.

Bailey.

Tiny

TIN'Y, adjective [from the root of thin, which see.] Very small; little; puny. [A word used by children, and in burlesque.]

When that I was a little tiny boy.

Shak.

Tip

TIP, noun [Dutch tip, a different orthography of top; German zipfel; that is, a shoot or extension to a point. Qu. Ethiopic thybe, the nipple.]

1. The end; the point or extremity of any thing small; as the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear; the tip of the tongue; the tip of the ear.

Addison. Pope.

2. One part of the play at nine-pins.

Dryden.

3. In botany, an anther.

Withering.

Tip

TIP, verb transitive To form a point with something; to cover the tip, top or end; as, to tip any thing with gold or silver.

With truncheon tipp'd with iron head.

Hudibras.

Tipp'd with jet,

Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press.

Thomson.

2. [for tap.] To strike slightly, or with the end of any thing small; to tap.

A third rogue tips me by the elbow.

Swift.

3. To lower one end, or throw upon the end; as, to tip a cart for discharging a load. [N. England.]

To tip the wink, to direct a wink, or to wink to another for notice.

Pope.

Tip

TIP, verb intransitive In the phrase, to tip off, that is, to fall headlong; hence, to die.

Tipped

TIP'PED, or TIPT, participle passive Having the end covered.

Tippet

TIP'PET, noun [Saxon toeppei. It seems to be formed from toeppe. tape.]

A narrow garment or covering for the neck, worn by females. It is now made of fur, though formerly of some kind of cloth.

Bacon.

Tipping

TIP'PING, participle of the present tense Covering the end or tip.

Tipple

TIP'PLE, verb intransitive [Qu. Dutch zuipen; French toper. This word and tope are probably of one family, and I suspect them to be from the root of dip. See Drink.]

To drink spiritous or strong liquors habitually; to indulge in the frequent and improper use of spiritous liquors. When a man begins to tipple, let his creditors secure their debts.

Tipple

TIP'PLE, verb transitive To drink, as strong liquors, in luxury or excess.

Ã‚--Himself for saving charges

A peel'd, slic'd onion eats, and tipples verjuice.

Dryden.

Tipple

TIP'PLE, noun Drink; liquor taken in tippling.

L'Estrange.

Tippled

TIP'PLED, participle passive Drank in excess.

2. adjective Intoxicated; inebriated.

Dryden.

Tippler

TIP'PLER, noun One who habitually indulges in the excessive use of spiritous liquors; a drunkard; a sot. It however signifies often a person who habitually drinks strong liquors, without absolute drunkenness.

Tippling

TIP'PLING, participle of the present tense Indulging in the habitual use of strong or spiritous liquors.

Tippling

TIP'PLING, noun The habitual practice of drinking strong or spiritous liquors; a drinking to excess.

Tippling-House

TIP'PLING-HOUSE, noun [tipple and house.] A house in which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities, and where men are accustomed to spend their time and money in excessive drinking.

Tip-Staff

TIP'-STAFF, noun [tip and staff.] An officer who bears a staff tipped with metal; a constable.

2. A staff tipped with metal.

Bacon.

Tipsy

TIP'SY, adjective [from tipple.] Fuddled; overpowered with strong drink; intoxicated.

Tiptoe

TIP'TOE, noun [tip and toe.] The end of the toe.

Upon his tiptoes stalketh stately by.

Spenser.

To be or to stand a tiptoe, to be awake or alive to any thing; to be roused; as, to be a tiptoe with expectation.

Tiptop

TIP'TOP, noun The highest or utmost degree.

Tirade

TIRA'DE, noun [Italian tirata; French tirade, a train or series, from tirer, to draw.]

1. Formerly in French music, the filling of an interval by the intermediate diatonic notes.

Cyc.

2. In modern usage, a strain or flight; a series of violent declamation.

Here he delivers a violent tirade against all persons who profess to know any thing about angels.

Quart. Review.

Tire

TIRE, noun [Hebrew tur, a row or series. See Class Dr. No. 24.34.35.38. and No. 15.]

1. A tier; a row or rank. This is the same word as tier, differently written. [See Tier and Tour.]

2. A head dress; something that encompasses the head. [See Tiara.] Ezekiel 24. Isaiah 3.

On her head she wore a tire of gold.

Spenser.

3. Furniture; apparatus; as the tire of war.

Philips.

4. Attire. [See Attire.]

5. A band or hoop of iron, used to bind the fellies of wheels, to secure them from wearing and breaking; as cart-tire; wagon-tire. This tire however is generally formed of different pieces, and is not one entire hoop.

Tire

TIRE, verb transitive to adorn; to attire; to dress; as the head. Obs. [See Attire.] 2 Kings 9.

Tire

TIRE, verb transitive [Saxon teorian, ateorian, geteorian, to fail. In Dutch teeren signifies to tar, to pine, to waste or consume, to digest; Greek; Latin tero. In Irish and Gaelic, tor, toras, tuirse, is weariness; tuirsighim, to weary, to tire.]

1. To weary; to fatigue; to exhaust the strength by toil or labor; as, to tire a horse or an ox. A long day's work in summer will tire the laborer.

Tir'd with toil, all hopes of safety past.

Dryden.

2. To weary; to fatigue; to exhaust the power of attending, or to exhaust patience with dullness or tediousness. A dull advocate may tire the court and jury, and injure his cause.

To tire out, to weary or fatigue to excess; to harass.

Tickel.

Tire

TIRE, verb intransitive To become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted. A feeble body soon tires with hard labor.

Tired

TI'RED, participle passive Wearied; fatigued.

Tiredness

TI'REDNESS, noun The state of being wearied; weariness.

Hakewill.

Tiresome

TI'RESOME, adjective Wearisome; fatiguing; exhausting the strength; as a tiresome day's work; a tiresome journey.

2. Tedious; exhausting the patience; as a tiresome discourse. The debates in congress are said to be sometimes very tiresome.

Tiresomeness

TI'RESOMENESS, noun The act or quality of tiring or exhausting strength or patience; wearisomeness; tediousness; as the tiresomeness of work or of a dull speaker.

Tirewoman

TI'REWOMAN, noun [tire and woman.] A woman whose occupation is to make head dresses.

Locke.

Tiring

TI'RING, participle of the present tense Wearying; fatiguing; exhausting strength or patience.

Tiring-House

TI'RING-HOUSE, or TI'RING-ROOM, noun The room or place where players dress for the stage.

Shak.

Tirwit

TIR'WIT, noun A bird. [Latin vanellus.]

Ainsworth.

N. B. The lapwing is called teewit in Scotland, (Ed. Encyc.) and the lapwing is the vanellus.

Tis

'TIS, a contraction of it is.

Tisic

TIS'IC, or TIS'ICAL, a. s as z. [for phthisic, phthisical.] Consumptive.

Tisic

TIS'IC, n. s as z. [supra.] Consumption; morbid waste.

Tisri

TIS'RI, noun The first Hebrew month of the civil year, and the seventh of the ecclesiastical; answering to a part of our September and a part of October.

Tissue

TISSUE, n. tish'u. [French tissu, woven; tisser, to lay the ground-work of lace, to weave.]

1. Cloth interwoven with gold or silver, or with figured colors.

A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire.

Dryden.

2. In anatomy, texture or organization of parts. The peculiar intimate structure of a part is called its tissue. A part of a fibrous structure is called a fibrous tissue. The organs of the body are made up of simpler elements, some generally diffused through the body, and others peculiar to particular organs. These simpler structures are called the tissues of the body; as the cellular tissue is the cellular membrane.

Bichat. Cyc.

3. A connected series; as, the whole story is a tissue of forgeries or of falsehood.

Tissue

TIS'SUE, verb transitive To form tissue; to interweave; to variegate.

The chariot was covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue.

Bacon.

Tissued

TIS'SUED, participle passive Interwoven; formed with variegated work.

Tissuing

TIS'SUING, participle of the present tense Interweaving; forming with variegated work.

Tit

TIT, noun A small horse, in contempt; a woman, in contempt; a small bird; a titmouse or tomtit.

Titan

TI'TAN, or TITA'NIUM, noun In mineralogy, a metal of modern discovery, and of a dark copper color, first found in Cornwall in England. It occurs in different states of oxydation or intermixture, in various parts of the world. It exists in three different states of oxydation; the first is blue or purple, the second red, and the third white. The ores of this metal are called menachanite, from Menachan in Cornwall, where it was originally found; iserine, from the river Iser, in Silesia; nigrine, from its black color; sphene, rutile, and octahedrite.

Titanian

TITA'NIAN, or TITANIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to titanium.

Titaniferous

TITANIF'EROUS, adjective [titan or titanium, and Latin fero.] Producing titanium; as titaniferous pyrites.

Cleaveland.

Titanite

TI'TANITE, noun An ore or oxyd of titanium, commonly of a reddish brown color, when it is opake; it occurs also in prismatic crystals terminated by pyramids of a blood red color, and is then translucent or transparent.

Phillips.

Titbit

TIT'BIT, noun A tender piece. [See Tidbit.]

Tithable

TI'THABLE, adjective Subject to the payment of tithes.

Swift.

Tithe

TITHE, noun [Saxon teotha, probably contracted from teogetha, as the verb is teighthian, to decimate. See Ten.]

The tenth part of any thing; but appropriately, the tenth part of the increase annually arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support. Tithes are personal, predial, or mixed; personal, when accruing from labor, art, trade and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay, wood and fruit; and mixed, when accruing from beasts, which are fed from the ground.

Blackstone.

Tithe

TITHE, verb transitive To levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth.

When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithes of thine increase. Deuteronomy 26.

Ye tithe mint and rue. Luke 11.

Tithe

TITHE, verb intransitive To pay tithes.

Tusser.

Tithed

TI'THED, participle passive Taxed a tenth.

Tithe-Free

TI'THE-FREE, adjective Exempt from the payment of tithes.

Tithe-Paying

TI'THE-PAYING, adjective Paying tithes; subjected to pay tithes.

Franklin.

Tither

TI'THER, noun One who collects tithes.

Tithing

TI'THING, participle of the present tense Levying a tax on, to the amount of a tenth.

Tithing

TI'THING, noun A decennary; a number or company of ten householders, who dwelling near each other, were sureties or free-pledges to the king for the good behavior of each other. The institution of tithings in England is ascribed to Alfred.

Blackstone.

Tithingman

TI'THINGMAN, noun [tithing and man.]

1. The chief man of a tithing; a headborough; one elected to preside over the tithing.

Blackstone.

2. A peace officer; an under constable.

3. In New England, a parish officer annually elected to preserve good order in the church during divine service, and to make complaint of any disorderly conduct.

Tithymal

TITH'YMAL, noun [French tithymale; Greek, from, the breast.]

A plant, milk thistle, of the genus Euphorbia.

Titillate

TIT'ILLATE, verb intransitive [Latin titillo.] To tickle.

The pungent grains of titillating dust.

Pope.

Titillating

TIT'ILLATING, participle of the present tense Tickling.

Titillation

TITILLA'TION, noun [French from Latin titillatio.]

1. The act of tickling; or the state of being tickled.

Bacon. Arbuthnot.

2. Any slight pleasure.

The products of those titillations that reach no higher than the senses.

Glanville.

Titlark

TIT'L`ARK, noun [tit and lark.] A small bird, a species of Alauda or lark.

Title

TI'TLE, noun [Latin titulus; Italian titolo. This may belong to the family of Greek, to set or put; Saxon tithian, to give.]

1. An inscription put over any thing as a name by which it is known.

2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, containing the subject of the work, and sometimes the author's name.

3. In the civil and canon laws, a chapter or division of a book.

4. An appellation of dignity, distinction or pre-eminence given to persons; as duke, marquis and the like.

Cyc.

5. A name; an appellation.

Ill worthy I such title should belong

To me transgressor.

Milton.

6. Right; or that which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that which is the foundation of ownership; as a good title to an estate; or an imperfect title. The lowest degree of title is naked possession, then comes the right of possession, and lastly the right of property, all which united complete the title.

Blackstone.

But possession is not essential to a complete title. A title to personal property may be acquired by occupancy. A claim is not a title.

7. The instrument which is evidence of a right.

8. In the canon law, that by which a beneficiary holds a benefice. This is true and valid, or colorable. A valid title gives a right to the benefice. A colorable title appears to be valid, but is not.

Cyc.

9. In ancient church records, a church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside.

Cowel.

Title

TI'TLE, verb transitive To name; to call; to entitle.

Milton.

Titled

TI'TLED, participle passive Called; named.

2. adjective Having a title.

Titleless

TI'TLELESS, adjective Not having a title or name. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Title-Page

TI'TLE-PAGE, noun [title and page.] The page of a book which contains its title.

Titling

TI'TLING, participle of the present tense Calling; denominating; entitling.

Titmouse

TIT'MOUSE, noun [tit, small, and mouse.] A small bird of the genus Parus.

Dryden.

Titter

TIT'TER, verb intransitive To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint.

Pope.

Titter

TIT'TER, noun A restrained laugh.

2. A weed.

Tittle

TIT'TLE, noun [from tit, small.] A small particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota.

Tittle-Tattle

TIT'TLE-TATTLE, noun [tattle, doubled.]

1. Idle trifling talk; empty prattle.

Prior.

2. An idle trifling talker. [Less proper.]

Tittle-Tattle

TIT'TLE-TATTLE, verb intransitive To talk idly; to prate.

Sidney.

Titubation

TITUBA'TION, noun [Latin titubo, to stumble.] The act of stumbling.

Titular

TIT'ULAR, adjective [French titulaire; from Latin titulus.]

1. Existing in title or name only; nominal; having or conferring the title only; as a titular king or prince.

2. Having the title to an office or dignity without discharging the duties of it.

Both Valerius and Austin were titular bishops.

Ayliffe.

Titular

TIT'ULAR, or TIT'ULARY, noun A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.

Cyc.

Titularity

TITULAR'ITY, noun The state of being titular.

Brown.

Titularly

TIT'ULARLY, adverb Nominally; by title only.

Titulary

TIT'ULARY, adjective Consisting in a title.

Bacon.

2. Pertaining to a title.

Bacon.

Tiver

TIV'ER, noun A kind of ocher which is used in marking sheep in some parts of England. [Local.]

Cyc.

Tiver

TIV'ER, verb transitive To mark sheep with tiver, in different ways and for different purposes. [Local.]

Tivering

TIV'ERING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with tiver. [Local.]

Tivering

TIV'ERING, noun The act or practice of marking with tiver. [Local.]

Cyc.

Tivy

TIV'Y, adverb [See Tantivy.] With great speed; a huntsman's word or sound.

Dryden.

To

TO, prep. [Saxon to; Dutch te or toe; German zu; Irish Gaelic, do; Cornish tho. This is probably a contracted word, but from what verb it is not easy to ascertain. The sense is obvious; it denotes passing, moving towards. The pronunciation is to or too, and this depends much on its application or its emphasis.]

1. Noting motion towards a place; opposed to from, or placed after another word expressing motion towards. He is going to church.

2. Noting motion towards a state or condition. He is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.

3. Noting accord or adaptation; as an occupation suited to his taste; she has a husband to her mind.

4. Noting address or compellation, or the direction of a discourse. These remarks were addressed to a large audience.

To you, my noble lord of Westmoreland;

I pledge your grace.

Shak.

5. Noting attention or application.

Go, buckle to the law.

Dryden.

Meditate upon these things; give yourself wholly to them. 1 Timothy 4.

6. Noting addition.

Add to your faith, virtue. 2 Peter 1.

Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage.

Denham.

7. Noting opposition. They engaged hand to hand.

8. Noting amount, rising to. They met us, to the number of three hundred.

9. Noting proportion; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty seven. It is ten to one that you will offend by your officiousness.

10. Noting possession or appropriation. We have a good seat; let us keep it to ourselves.

11. Noting perception; as a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind.

12. Noting the subject of an affirmation.

I have a king's oath to the contrary.

Shak.

13. In comparison of.

All that they did was piety to this.

B. Jonson.

14. As far as.

Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten.

Quart. Rev.

15. Noting intention.

Ã‚--Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter.

B. Jonson.

[In this sense, for is now used.]

16. After an adjective, noting the object; as deaf to the cries of distress; alive to the sufferings of the poor. He was attentive to the company, or to the discourse.

17. Noting obligation; as duty to God and to our parents.

18. Noting enmity; as a dislike to spiritous liquors.

19. Towards; as, she stretched her arms to heaven.

Dryden.

20. Noting effect or end. The prince was flattered to his ruin. He engaged in a war to his cost. Violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state.

Numbers were crowded to death.

Clarendon.

21. To, as a sign of the infinitive, precedes the radical verb. Sometimes it is used instead of the ancient form, for to, noting purpose. David in his life time intended to build a temple. The legislature assembles annually to make and amend laws. The court will sit in February to try some important causes.

22. It precedes the radical verb after adjectives, noting the object; as ready to go; prompt to obey; quick to hear, but slow to censure.

23. It precedes the radical verb, noting the object.

The delay of our hopes teaches us to mortify our desires.

Smallridge.

24. It precedes the radical verb, noting consequence.

I have done my utmost to lead my life so pleasantly as to forget my misfortunes.

Pope.

25. It notes extent, degree or end. He languishes to death, even to death. The water rises to the highth of twenty feet. The line extends from one end to the other.

26. After the substantive verb, and with the radical verb, it denotes futurity. The construction, we are to meet at ten o'clock, every man at death is to receive the reward of his deeds, is a particular form of expressing future time.

27. After have, it denotes duty or necessity. I have a debt to pay on Saturday.

28. To-day, to-night, to-morrow, are peculiar phrases derived from our ancestors. To in the two first, has the sense or force of this; this day, this night. In the last, it is equivalent to in or on; in or on the morrow. The words may be considered as compounds, to-day, to-night, to-morrow, and usually as adverbs. But sometimes they are used as nouns; as, to-day is ours.

Cowley.

To and fro, backward and forward. In this phrase, to is adverbial.

To the face, in presence of; not in the absence of.

I withstood him face to face. Galatians 2.

To-morrow, to-morrow, and to-morrow,

Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.

Shak.

[NOTE.Ã‚--In the foregoing explanation of to, it is to be considered that the definition given is not always the sense of to by itself, but the sense rather of the word preceding it, or connected with it, or of to in connection with other words. In general, to is used in the sense of moving towards a place, or towards an object, or it expresses direction towards a place, end, object or purpose.]

To is often used adverbially to modify the sense of verbs; as, to come to; to heave to. The sense of such phrases is explained under the verbs respectively.

In popular phrases like the following, "I will not come; you shall to, or too, a genuine Saxon phrase, to denotes moreover, besides, Latin insuper.

Toad

TOAD, noun [Saxon tade, tadige.] A paddoc, an animal of the genus Rana, the Rana Bufo of Linne; a small clumsy animal, the body warty, thick and disgusting to the sight, but perfectly harmless, and indeed it is said to be useful in gardens by feeding on noxious worms.

Toad-Eater

TOAD-EATER, noun A vulgar name given to a fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant.

Toad-Fish

TOAD-FISH, noun [toad and fish.] A fish of the genus Lophius, the fishing frog.

Cyc.

Toad-Flax

TOAD-FLAX, noun [toad and flax.] A plant of the genus Antirrhinum; snap-dragon; calves' snout.

Toadish

TOADISH, adjective Like a toad. [Not used.]

Stafford.

Toad-Stone

TOAD-STONE, noun [toad and stone.] In mineralogy, a sort of trap rock, of a brownish gray color. The toad-stone of Derbyshire is generally a dark brown basaltic amygdaloid, composed of basalt and green earth, and containing oblong cavities filled with calcarious spar.

Cyc.

Toad-Stool

TOAD-STOOL, noun [toad and stool.] A sort of fungous plant that grows in moist and rich grounds like a mushroom.

Toast

TOAST, verb transitive [Spanish Portugese tostar, to toast or roast. Qu. are these from the Latin tostus?]

1. To dry and scorch by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread or cheese. [It is chiefly limited in its application to these two articles.]

2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet. [Not much used.]

3. To name when a health is drank; to drink to the health in honor of; as, to toast a lady. Addison writes "to toast the health;" a form of expression I believe not now used.

Toast

TOAST, noun Bread dried and scorched by the fire; or such bread dipped in melted butter, or in some liquor. Dry toast is bread scorched, or it is scorched bread with butter spread upon it. Soft toast is made by immersing toasted bread in melted butter, and called dipped toast.

2. A female whose health is drank in honor or respect.

The wise man's passion, and the vain man's toast.

Pope.

3. He or that which is named in honor in drinking.

Toasted

TOASTED, participle passive Scorched by heat; named in drinking the health.

Toaster

TOASTER, noun One who toasts.

2. An instrument for toasting bread or cheese.

Toasting

TO'ASTING, participle of the present tense Scorching by fire; drinking to the honor of.

Tobacco

TOBAC'CO, noun [so named from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by the Spaniards.]

A plant, a native of America, of the genus Nicotiana, much used for smoking and chewing and in snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic. Tobacco has a strong disagreeable smell, and an acrid taste. When first used it sometimes occasions vomiting; but the practice of using it in any form, soon conquers distaste, and forms a relish for it that is strong and almost unconquerable.

Tobacconist

TOBAC'CONIST, noun A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.

Tobacco-Pipe

TOBAC'CO-PIPE, noun [tobacco and pipe.] A pipe used for smoking tobacco, often made of clay and baked, sometimes of other material.

Tobacco-Pipe Clay

TOBAC'CO-PIPE CLAY, noun A species of clay; called also cimolite.

Tobacco-Pipe Fish

TOBACCO-PIPE FISH, noun A name of the Syngnathus Acus of Linne; called also needle-fish.

Cyc.

Tockay

TOCK'AY, noun A species of spotted lizard in India.

Cyc.

Tocsin

TOC'SIN, noun [French; Armoric, tocq, a stroke, from the root of touch, and sonn or seing, sound.]

An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm.

Tod

TOD, noun [In Gaelic, tod is a clod, a mass.]

1. A bush; a thick shrub. Obs.

Spenser.

2. A quantity of wool of twenty eight pounds, or two stone.

3. A fox.

B. Jonson.

Tod

TOD, verb transitive To weigh; to produce a tod. [Not in use.]

Shak.

To-Day

TO-DAY, noun [to and day.] The present day.

Toddy

TOD'DY, noun A juice drawn from various kinds of the palm in the E. Indies; or a liquor prepared from it.

2. A mixture of spirit and water sweetened. Toddy differs from grog in having a greater proportion of spirit, and in being sweetened.

Tody

TO'DY, noun A genus of insectivorous birds, of the order of Picae; natives of warm climates.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

Toe

TOE, noun [Saxon ta; German zehe; Swedish tÃƒ-¥, Danish taae; French doigt du pied; Latin digitus. Toe is contracted from tog, the primary word on which Latin digitus is formed, coinciding with dug, and signifying a shoot. Class Dg.]

1. One of the small members which form the extremity of the foot, corresponding to a finger on the hand. The toes in their form and structure resemble the fingers, but are shorter.

2. The fore part of the hoof of a horse. and of other hoofed animals.

3. The member of a beast's foot corresponding to the toe in man.

Tofore

TOFO'RE, prep. or adverb [Saxon toforan; to and fore.]

Before; formerly. Obs.

Shak.

Toft

TOFT, noun [probably from the root of tuft.]

1. A grove of trees.

Cyc.

2. [Danish tofte or tomt.] In law books, a place where a messuage has stood, but is decayed.

Cowel. Cyc.

Togated

TO'GATED, or TO'GED, adjective [Latin toga, a gown; togatus, gowned.] Gowned; dressed in a gown; wearing a gown; as toged consuls.

Shak.

Together

TOGETH'ER, adverb [Saxon togoethre; to and gather.]

1. In company. We walked together to the wood.

2. In or into union.

The king joined humanity and policy together.

Bacon.

3. In the same place; as, to live together in one house.

4. In the same time; as, to live together in the same age.

5. In concert; as, the allies made war upon France together.

6. Into junction or a state of union; as, to sew, knit, pin or fasten two things together; to mix things together.

Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with.

Take the bad together with the good.

Dryden.

Toggel

TOG'GEL, noun A small wooden pin tapering towards both ends.

Mar. Dict.

Toil

TOIL, verb intransitive [Saxon teolan, tiolan, to strive, strain, urge, to prepare, to heal, to toil, and tilian, tiligan, to prepare or provide, to till, to toil, to study or be solicitous; Russian dialayu. The primary sense is expressed in the Saxon, to strain, to urge. Class Dl.]

To labor; to work; to exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, particularly of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration.

Master, we have toiled all night and caught nothing. Luke 5.

Toil

TOIL, verb transitive To toil out, to labor; to work out. Toil'd out my uncouth passageÃ‚--

Milton.

2. To weary; to overlabor; as toil'd with works of war. [Not in use nor proper.]

Shak.

Toil

TOIL, noun Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind. Toil may be the labor of the field or the workshop, or of the camp. What toils men endure for the acquisition of wealth, power and honor! Genesis 5.

Toil

TOIL, noun [French toiles, snare, trap; Irish dul, a snare or gin; Latin tela, a web; from spreading, extending or laying.]

A net or snare; any thread, web or string spread for taking prey.

A fly falls into the toils of a spider.

L'Estrange.

Toiler

TOIL'ER, noun One who toils, or labors with pain.

Toilet

TOIL'ET, noun [French toilette, from toile, cloth.]

1. A covering or cloth of linen, silk or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or dressing room. Hence,

2. A dressing table.

Pope.

Toiling

TOIL'ING, participle of the present tense Laboring with pain.

Toilsome

TOIL'SOME, adjective Laborious; wearisome; attended with fatigue and pain; as toilsome work; a toilsome task.

What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks?

Milton.

2. Producing toil; as a toilsome day or journey.

Toilsomeness

TOIL'SOMENESS, noun Laboriousness; wearisomeness.

Toise

TOISE, n. tois. [French] A fathom or long measure in France, containing six feet; but the French foot is longer than the English, 76 being equal to 81 English feet.

Tokay

TOKA'Y, noun A kind of wine produced at Tokay in Hungary, made of white grapes. It is distinguished from other wines by its aromatic taste. It is not good till it is about three years old, and it continues to improve as long as it is kept.

Token

TOKEN, n. to'kn. [Saxon tacn, tacen; Gothic taikns; Dutch teeken; Danish tegn; Swedish teckn; German zeichen. This may be the same word as the Latin signum, dialectically varied, or from the same radix; Greek.]

1. A sign; something intended to represent or indicate another thing or an event. Thus the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah. The blood of the paschal lamb, sprinkled on the doors of the Hebrews, was a token to the destroying angel of God's will that he should pass by those houses. Genesis 9. Exodus 12.

Show me a token for good. Psalm 86.

2. A mark. In pestilential diseases, tokens are livid spots upon the body, which indicate the approach of death.

Cyc.

3. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind.

Shak.

4. In coinage, tokens were coins struck in the reign of Elizabeth in the cities of Bristol, Oxford and Worcester, and also by private persons, which were put into circulation, and upon being returned, the issuer gave the value of them in current money.

Cyc.

5. In printing, ten quires of paper; an extra quire is usually added to every other token, when counted out for the press.

Token

TO'KEN, verb transitive To make known. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tokened

TO'KENED, adjective Being marked with spots.

Shak.

Tol

TOL, verb transitive [Latin tollo.] To take away; a law term.

Cyc.

Tola

TO'LA, noun In India, a weight for gold and silver, but different in different places.

Told

TOLD, pret. and participle passive of tell.

Who told thee that thou wast naked? Genesis 3.

Thou hast mocked me, and told me lies. Judges 16.

Ã‚--Sheep and oxen that could not be told. 1 Kings 8.

Tol-Booth.

TOL-BOOTH. [See Toll-booth.]

Tole

TOLE, verb transitive [I know not from what source we have this word; but it coincides with the Arabic dalla, to draw. The Ethiopic has talwa, to follow, and to cause to follow. It is a legitimate word and in good use.]

To draw or cause to follow by presenting something pleasing or desirable to view; to allure by some bait. Thus our farmers tole sheep and make them follow, by holding to them a measure of corn or some portion of fodder. In New England, it is applied only to the alluring of beasts. Locke has applied it to men.

Toled

TO'LED, participle passive Drawn; allured; induced to follow.

Tolerable

TOL'ERABLE, adjective [French from Latin tolerabilis. See Tolerate.]

1. That may be borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. The cold in Canada is severe, but tolerable. The insults and indignities of our enemies are not tolerable.

It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matthew 10.

2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment or opposition; as a tolerable translation; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable administration.

Swift.

Tolerableness

TOL'ERABLENESS, noun The state of being tolerable.

Tolerably

TOL'ERABLY, adverb Supportably; in a manner to be endured.

2. Moderately well; passably; not perfectly; as a constitution tolerably firm. The advocate speaks tolerably well.

Tolerance

TOL'ERANCE, noun [Latin tolerantia, from tolero, to bear.]

The power or capacity of enduring; or the act of enduring.

Diogenes one frosty morning came to the market place shaking, to show his tolerance.

Bacon.

[Little used. But intolerance is in common use.]

Tolerant

TOL'ERANT, adjective Enduring; indulgent; favoring toleration.

Tolerate

TOL'ERATE, verb transitive [French tolerer; Latin tolero, from tollo, to lift; Chaldee to lift or raise. Class Dl. No. 3, and see No. 6. 7. 18. 20. 28. 32.]

To suffer to be or to be done without prohibition or hinderance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; as, to tolerate opinions or practices. The protestant religion is tolerated in France, and the Roman Catholic in Great Britain.

Crying should not be tolerated in children.

Locke.

The law of love tolerates no vice, and patronizes every virtue.

German Spring.

Tolerated

TOL'ERATED, participle passive Suffered; allowed; not prohibited or restrained.

Tolerating

TOL'ERATING, participle of the present tense Enduring; suffering to be or to be done; allowing; not restraining.

Toleration

TOLERA'TION, noun [Latin toleratio.] The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved; appropriately, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state, when contrary to or different from those of the established church or belief. Toleration implies a right in the sovereign to control men in their opinions and worship, or it implies the actual exercise of power in such control. Where no power exists or none is assumed to establish a creed and a mode of worship, there can be no toleration, in the strict sense of the word, for one religious denomination has as good a right as another to the free enjoyment of its creed and worship.

Toll

TOLL, noun [Saxon toll; Dutch tol; Swedish tull; Danish told; German zoll; Welsh toll, a fraction, a toll; toli and toliaw, to curtail, to diminish, to take away, to spare or save, to deal out, from tawl, a throw, a casting off, a separation, a cutting off; tolli, from toll, to subtract, to take toll; Greek, toll, custom, and end, exit, from cutting off; French tailler, to cut off, [See Tail;] Irish deilim, to separate; dail, a share, dole; diolam, to sell, to exchange, to pay toll. This is from the root of deal. See Deal, Saxon bedoelan. Class Dl. No. 12.]

1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market or the like.

2. A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

Cyc.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

Toll

TOLL, verb intransitive To pay toll or tallage.

Shak.

2. To take toll, as by a miller.

Tusser.

Toll

TOLL, verb intransitive [Welsh tol, tolo, a loud sound, a din; Pers. talidan, to sound, to ring. We see that Welsh tawl, supra, is a throw or cast, a driving, and this is the radical sense of sound.]

To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.

Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell.

Pope.

Toll

TOLL, verb transitive [supra.] To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated, as for summoning public bodies or religious congregations to their meetings, or for announcing the death of a person. or to give solemnity to a funeral. Tolling is a different thing from ringing.

Toll

TOLL, verb transitive [Latin tollo.] To take away; to vacate; to annul; a law term.

2. To draw. [See Tole.]

Bacon.

Toll

TOLL, noun A particular sounding of a bell.

Toll-Bar

TOLL-B`AR, noun [toll and bar.] A bar or beam used for stopping boats on a canal at the toll-house.

Toll-Booth

TOLL-BOOTH, noun [toll and booth.] A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll.

2. A prison.

Ainsworth.

Toll-Booth

TOLL-BOOTH, verb transitive To imprison in a toll-booth.

Corbet.

Toll-Bridge

TOLL-BRIDGE, noun A bridge where toll is paid for passing it.

Toll-Gate

TOLL-GATE, noun A gate where toll is taken.

Toll-Gatherer

TOLL-GATHERER, noun The man who takes toll.

Toll-House

TOLL-HOUSE, noun A house or shed placed by a road near a toll-gate, or at the end of a toll-bridge, or by a canal, where the man who takes the toll remains.

Tolling

TOLLING, participle of the present tense Causing to sound in a slow grave manner.

2. Taking away; removing.

3. Sounding, as a bell.

Tolu Balsam

TOLU BALSAM, noun Balsam of Tolu, a balsam produced from a tree growing in Tolu, in S. America.

Cyc.

Tolutation

TOLUTA'TION, noun [Latin toluto.] A pacing or ambling. [Not used.]

Brown. Hudibras.

Tomahawk

TOM'AHAWK, noun An Indian hatchet.

Tomahawk

TOM'AHAWK, verb transitive To cut or kill with a hatchet called a tomahawk.

Tomato

TOMA'TO, noun A plant, and its fruit, a species of Solanum. It is called sometimes the love-apple.

Tomb

TOMB, n. toom. [French tombe, tombeau; Welsh tom, tomen, twm, twmp, a mound, a heap; Irish tuoma; Spanish tumba; Latin tumulus, a heap or hillock; tumeo, to swell; Greek. Class Dm. This name was given to a place for the dead by men who raised a heap of earth over the dead.]

1. A grave; a pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited.

As one dead in the bottom of a tomb.

Shak.

2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof for the reception of the dead.

3. A monument erected to preserve the memory of the dead.

Tomb

TOMB, verb transitive To bury; to inter. [See Entomb.]

Tombac

TOM'BAC, noun A white alloy of copper; a metallic composition made by mixing and fusing together a large quantity of zink with a smaller quantity of copper, with arsenic.

Tombless

TOMBLESS, adjective Destitute of a tomb or sepulchral monument.

Tomboy

TOM'BOY, noun [Tom, Thomas, and boy.] A rude boisterous boy; also in sarcasm, a romping girl. [Vulgar.]

Tombstone

TOMBSTONE, noun [tomb and stone.] A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased; a monument.

Tome

TOME, noun [French from Greek, a piece or section, from, to cut off.]

A book; as many writings as are bound in a volume, forming the part of a larger work. It may be applied to a single volume.

Tomentous

TOMENT'OUS, adjective [Latin tomentum, down.] In botany, downy; nappy; cottony; or flocky; covered with hairs so close as scarcely to be discernible, or with a whitish down, like wool; as a tomentous stem or leaf.

Martyn. Lee.

To-Morrow

TO-MOR'ROW, noun [to and morrow.] The day after the present.

One to-day is worth two to-morrows.

Franklin.

Tompion

TOM'PION, noun [French tampon, a stopple.] The stopper of a cannon. [See Tampion.]

Tomtit

TOM'TIT, noun A little bird, the titmouse.

Ton

TON, the termination of names of places, is town.

Ton

TON, noun [French] The prevailing fashion.

Ton

TON, noun [Saxon tunna; French tonne; Spanish tonel, a cask, a tun or butt.]

The weight of twenty hundred gross. [See Tun.] This is false orthography. The word is from the Saxon tunna, a cask, and the sense of weight is taken from that of a cask or butt.

Tone

TONE, noun [French ton; Spanish tono; Italian tuono; Swedish German ton; Dutch toon; Danish tone; Latin tonus; Greek. sound; Latin tono, Greek, to sound, from the root of, to strain or stretch. The Latin sonus is probably the same word in a different dialect.]

1. Sound, or a modification of sound; any impulse or vibration of the air which is perceptible by the ear; as a low tone, high tone, or loud tone; a grave tone; an acute tone; a sweet tone; a harsh tone.

2. Accent; or rather, a particular inflection of the voice, adapted to express emotion or passion; a rhetorical sense of the word.

E. Porter.

Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes.

Dryden.

3. A whining sound; a whine; a kind of mourful strain of voice; as, children often read with a tone.

4. An affected sound in speaking.

5. In music, an interval of sound; as, the difference between the diapente and diatessaron, is a tone. Of tones there are two kinds, major and minor. The tone major is in the ratio of 8 to 9, which results from the difference between the fourth and fifth. The tone minor is as 9 to 10, resulting from the difference between the minor third and the fourth.

Cyc.

6. The tone of an instrument, is its peculiar sound with regard to softness, evenness and the like.

Cyc.

7. In medicine, that state of organization in a body, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor. Tone, in its primary signification, is tension, and tension is the primary signification of strength. Hence its application to the natural healthy state of animal organs. Tone therefore in medicine, is the strength and activity of the organs, from which proceed healthy functions. So we say, the body is in a sound state, the health is sound or firm.

Tone

TONE, verb transitive To utter with an affected tone.

2. To tune. [See Tune.]

Toned

TO'NED, adjective Having no tone; used in composition; as high-toned; sweet-toned.

Toneless

TO'NELESS, adjective Having no tone; unmusical.

Enlick.

Tone-Syllable

TO'NE-SYLLABLE, adjective An accented syllable.

M. Stuart.

Tong

TONG, noun [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. [Not used.] [See Tongue.]

Spenser.

Tongs

TONGS, n. plu. [Saxon Danish Dutch tang; German zange; Swedish tÃƒ-¥ng; Icelandic taung; Gaelic, teangas. This seems by its orthography to be the same word as tongue, tongues, and to signify projections, shoots.]

An instrument of metal, consisting of two parts or long shafts joined at one end; used for handling things, particularly fire or heated metals. We say, a pair of tongs, a smith's tongs.

Tongue

TONGUE, or TUNG, noun [Saxon tung, tunga; Gothic tuggo; Swedish tunga; Danish tunge; Dutch tong; German zunge; Irish and Gaelic, teanga; Ant. Latin tingua. We see by the Gothic, that n is not radical; the word belongs to Class Dg. It signifies a shoot or extension, like Latin digitus and dug. Our common orthography is incorrect; the true spelling is tung.]

1. In man, the instrument of taste, and the chief instrument of speech; and in other animals, the instrument of taste. It is also an instrument of deglutition. In some animals, the tongue is used for drawing the food into the mouth, as in animals of the bovine genus, &c. Other animals lap their drink, as dogs.

The tongue is covered with membranes, and the outer one is full of papillae of a pyramidical figure, under which lies a thin, soft, reticular coat perforated with innumerable holes, and always lined with a thick and white or yellowish mucus.

Cyc.

2. Speech; discourse; sometimes, fluency of speech.

Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together.

L'Estrange.

3. The power of articulate utterance; speech.

Parrots imitating human tongue.

Dryden.

4. Speech, as well or ill used; mode of speaking.

Keep a good tongue in thy head.

Shak.

The tongue of the wise is health. Proverbs 12.

5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation. The English tongue, within two hundred years, will probably be spoken by two or three hundred millions of people in North America.

6. Speech; words or declarations only; opposed to thoughts or actions.

Let us not love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John 3.

7. A nation, as distinguished by their language.

I will gather all nations and tongues. Isaiah 66.

8. A point; a projection; as the tongue of a buckle or of a balance.

9. A point or long narrow strip of land, projecting from the main into a sea or a lake.

10. The taper part of any thing; in the rigging of a ship, a short piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, &c. to the size of the mast-head.

To hold the tongue, to be silent.

Addison.

Tongue

TONGUE, or TUNG, verb transitive To chide; to scold.

How might she tongue me.

Shak.

Tongue

TONGUE, or TUNG, verb intransitive To talk; to prate.

Shak.

Tongued

TONGUED, or TUNG'ED, adjective Having a tongue.

Tongued like the night-crow.

Donne.

Tongue-Grafting

TONGUE-GR`AFTING, or TUNG'-GR`AFTING, noun A mode of grafting by inserting the end of a cion in a particular manner.

Tongueless

TONGUELESS, or TUNG'LESS, adjective Having no tongue.

2. Speechless; as a tongueless block.

Shak.

3. Unnamed; not spoken of.

One good deed dying tongueless.

Shak.

[Not used.]

Tongue-Pad

TONGUE-PAD, or TUNG'-PAD, noun A great talker. [Not in use.]

Tatler.

Tongue-Shaped

TONGUE-SHAPED, or TUNG'-SHAPED, adjective In botany, a tongue-shaped leaf, is linear and fleshy, blunt at the end, convex underneath, and having usually a cartilaginous border.

Martyn.

Tongue-Tie

TONGUE-TIE, or TUNG'-TIE, verb transitive [tongue and tie.] To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation.

Goodman.

Tongue-Tied

TONGUE-TIED, or TUNG'-TIED, adjective Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech.

Holder.

2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause.

Love and tongue-tied simplicity.

Shak.

Tonic

TON'IC, adjective [from Greek, Latin tonus. See Tone.]

1. Literally, increasing tension; hence, increasing strength, as tonic power.

2. In medicine, increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions.

3. Relating to tones or sounds.

4. Extended. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Tonic spasm, in medicine, a rigid contraction of the muscles without relaxation, as in tetanus, &c.

Hooper.

Tonic

TON'IC, noun A medicine that increases the tone of the museular fiber, and gives vigor and action to the system.

A medicine which increases the tone or strength of the body.

Parr.

2. In music, the key-note or principal sound which generates all the rest. [French tonique.]

Cyc.

3. In music, a certain degree of tension, or the sound produced by a vocal string in a given degree of tension.

To-Night

TO-NIGHT, noun [to and night.] The present night, or the night after the present day.

Tonnage

TON'NAGE, noun [from ton, a corrupt orthography. See Tun.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or ship.

2. The cubical content or burthen of a ship in tuns; or the amount of weight which she may carry.

3. A duty or impost on ships, estimated per tun; or a duty, toll or rate payable on goods per tun, transported on canals.

Tonsil

TON'SIL, noun [Latin tonsilloe. This word seems to be formed from tonsus, tondeo, to clip.]

In anatomy, a glandular body at the passage from the mouth to the pharynx. The tonsils are called also from their shape, amygdaloe, and in popular language, almonds. The tonsils have several excretory ducts opening into the mouth.

Cyc. Hooper.

Tonsil

TON'SIL, adjective That may be clipped.

Mason.

Tonsure

TON'SURE, noun [French from Latin tonsura, from tonsus, shaved; tondeo, to clip or shave.]

1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head; or the state of being shorn.

Addison.

2. In the Romish church, tonsure is the first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, who cuts off a part of his hair with prayers and benedictions. Hence tonsure is used to denote entrance or admission into holy orders.

Cyc.

3. In the Romish church, the corona or crown which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank in the church.

Cyc.

Tontine

TONTINE, noun [French tontine; said to be from its inventor, Tonti, an Italian.]

An annuity on survivorship; or a loan raised on life-annuities, with the benefit of survivorship. Thus an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced.

Tony

TO'NY, noun A simpleton. [Ludicrous.]

Dryden.

Too

TOO, adverb [Saxon to.]

1. Over; more than enough; noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much.

His will too strong to bend, too proud to learn.

Cowley.

2. Likewise; also; in addition.

A courtier and a patriot too.

Pope.

Let those eyes that view

The daring crime, behold the vengeance too.

Pope.

3. Too, too, repeated, denotes excess emphatically; but this repetition is not in respectable use.

Took

TOOK, pret. of take.

Enoch was not, for God took him. Genesis 5.

Tool

TOOL, noun [Saxon tol. Qu. French outil. In old Law Latin, we find attile, attilia, stores, tools, implements. Qu. artillery, by corruption.]

1. An instrument of manual operation, particularly such as are used by farmers and mechanics; as the tools of a joiner, cabinet-maker, smith or shoemaker.

2. A person used as an instrument by another person; a word of reproach. Men of intrigue always have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes.

Tool

TOOL, verb transitive To shape with a tool.

Entick.

Toom

TOOM, adjective Empty. [Not in use.]

Wickliffe.

Toot

TOOT, verb intransitive [Saxon totian, to shoot, to project; Dutch toeten, to blow the horn; toet-horn, a bugle horn; German dÃƒ-¼ten; Swedish tiuta. This word corresponds in elements with Greek and Welsh dodi, to put, set, lay, give; Latin do, dedi. The Saxon expresses the primary sense.]

1. To stand out or be prominent. [Not in use.]

Howell.

2. To make a particular noise with the tongue articulating with the root of the upper teeth, at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to sound a horn in a particular manner.

This writer should wear a tooting horn.

Howell.

3. To peep; to look narrowly. [Not in use, and probably a mistaken interpretation.]

Spenser.

Toot

TOOT, verb transitive To sound; as, to toot the horn.

Tooter

TOOT'ER, noun One who plays upon a pipe or horn.

B. Jonson.

Tooth

TOOTH, noun plu. teeth. [Saxon toth, plu. teth. It corresponds with Welsh did and tÃƒ-ªth, a teat, Gaelic, did, dead, and with toot, supra; signifying a shoot. If n is not radical in the Latin dens, Greek, this is the same word.]

1. A bony substance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serving as the instrument of mastication. The teeth are also very useful in assisting persons in the utterance of words, and when well formed and sound, they are ornamental. The teeth of animals differ in shape, being destined for different offices. The front teeth in men and quadrupeds are called incisors, or incisive or cutting teeth; next to these are the pointed teeth, called canine or dog teeth; and on the sides of the jaws are the molar teeth or grinders.

2. Taste; palate.

These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth.

Dryden.

3. A tine; a prong; something pointed and resembling an animal tooth; as the tooth of a rake, a comb, a card, a harrow, a saw, or of a wheel. The teeth of a wheel are sometimes called cogs, and are destined to catch corresponding parts of other wheels.

Tooth and nail, [by biting and scratching,] with one's utmost power; by all possible means.

L'Estrange.

To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face.

That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth.

Shak.

To cast in the teeth, to retort reproachfully; to insult to the face.

Hooker.

In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort.

Shak.

To show the teeth, to threaten.

When the law shows her teeth, but dares not bite.

Young.

Tooth

TOOTH, verb transitive To furnish with teeth; as, to tooth a rake.

2. To indent; to cut into teeth; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.

3. To lock into each other.

Moxon.

Toothache

TOOTH'ACHE, noun [tooth and ache.] Pain in the teeth.

Toothache-Tree

TOOTHACHE-TREE, noun A shrub of the genus Zanthoxylum.

Lee.

Tooth-Drawer

TOOTH'-DRAWER, noun [tooth and draw.] One whose business is to extract teeth with instruments.

Wiseman.

Tooth-Drawing

TOOTH'-DRAWING, noun The act of extracting a tooth; the practice of extracting teeth.

Toothed

TOOTH'ED, participle passive or adjective Having teeth or jags. In botany, dentate; having projecting points, remote from each other, about the edge.

Martyn. Smith.

Tooth-Edge

TOOTH'-EDGE, noun [tooth and edge.] The sensation excited by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances.

Darwin.

Toothful

TOOTH'FUL, adjective Palatable. [Not in use.]

Toothless

TOOTH'LESS, adjective Having no teeth.

Dryden.

Toothletted

TOOTH'LETTED, adjective In botany, denticulate; having very small teeth or notches; as a leaf.

Martyn.

Tookpick

TOOK'PICK, or TOOTH'PICKER, noun [tooth and pick.] An instrument for cleaning the teeth of substances lodged between them.

Shak.

Toothsome

TOOTH'SOME, adjective Palatable; grateful to the taste.

Carew.

Toothsomeness

TOOTH'SOMENESS, noun Pleasantness to the taste.

Toothwort

TOOTH'WORT, noun A plant whose roots resemble human teeth, such as the Lathroea squamaria, various species of Dentaria, the Ophrys corallorrhiza, &c. This name is also given to the lead-wort, of the genus Plumbago, from its toothed corol.

Cyc.

Toothy

TOOTH'Y, adjective Toothed; having teeth.

Croxall.

Tooting

TOOT'ING, participle of the present tense Sounding in a particular manner.

Top

TOP, noun [Saxon Dutch Danish top; Swedish topp; Welsh tob or top; topiaw, to top, to form a crest.]

1. The highest part of any thing; the upper end, edge or extremity; as the top of a tree; the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain.

2. Surface; upper side; as the top of the ground.

3. The highest place; as the top of preferment.

Locke. Swift.

4. The highest person; the chief.

Shak.

5. The utmost degree.

The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work.

Pope.

If you attain the top of your desires in fameÃ‚--

Pope.

6. The highest rank. Each boy strives to be at the top of his class, or at the top of the school.

7. The crown or upper surface of the head.

Shak.

8. The hair on the crown of the head; the forelock.

Shak.

9. The head of a plant.

Watts.

10. [German topf.] An inverted conoid which children play with by whirling it on its point, continuing the motion with a whip.

Shak.

11. In ship-building, a sort of platform, surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sides. It serves to extend the shrouds, by which means they more effectually support the mast; and in ships of war, the top furnishes a convenient stand for swivels and small arms to annoy the enemy.

Cyc.

Top-Armor

TOP'-ARMOR, noun In ships, a railing on the top, supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.

Top-Block

TOP'-BLOCK, noun In ships, a block hung to an eye-bolt in the cap, used in swaying and lowering the top-mast.

Top-Chain

TOP'-CHAIN, noun In ships, a chain to sling the lower yards in time of action, to prevent their falling when the ropes by which they are hung, are shot away.

Top-Cloth

TOP'-CLOTH, noun In ships, a piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action.

Top-Draining

TOP'-DRAINING, noun The act or practice of draining the surface of land.

Top-Dressing

TOP'-DRESSING, noun A dressing of manure laid on the surface of land.

Cyc.

Topfull

TOP'FULL, adjective [top and full.] Full to the brim.

Watts.

Top-Gallant

TOP-GAL'LANT, adjective [See Top-sail.]

2. Highest; elevated; splendid; as a top-gallant spark.

L'Estrange.

Top-Heavy

TOP-HEAVY, a. top'-hevy. [top and heavy.]

Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower.

Wotton.

Top-Knot

TOP'-KNOT, noun [top and knot.] A knot worn by females on the top of the head.

Topless

TOP'LESS, adjective Having no top; as a topless highth.

Chapman.

Topman

TOP'MAN, noun [top and man.] The man who stands above in sawing.

2. In ships, a man standing in the top.

Top-Mast

TOP'-MAST, noun In ships, the second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast. Above that is the top-gallant-mast.

Top-Most

TOP'-MOST, adjective [top and most.] Highest; uppermost; as the topmost cliff; the topmost branch of a tree.

Dryden. Addison.

Top-Proud

TOP'-PROUD, adjective [top and proud.] Proud to the highest degree.

Shak.

Top-Rope

TOP'-ROPE, noun A rope to sway up a topmast, &c.

Top-Sail

TOP'-SAIL, noun A sail extended across the top-mast, above which is the top-gallant-sail.

Top-Shaped

TOP'-SHAPED, adjective In botany, turbinate.

Top-Soiling

TOP'-SOILING, noun The act or art of taking off the top-soil of land, before a canal is begun.

Top-Stone

TOP'-STONE, noun A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.

Top-Tackle

TOP'-TACKLE, noun A large tackle hooked to the lower end of the top-mast top-rope and to the deck.

Mar. Dict.

Top

TOP, verb intransitive To rise aloft; to be eminent; as lofty ridges and topping mountains.

Derham.

2. To predominate; as topping passions; topping uneasiness.

3. To excel; to rise above others.

But write thy best and topÃ‚--

Dryden.

Top

TOP, verb transitive To cover on the top; to tip; to cap.

Ã‚--A mount

Of alabaster, topp'd with golden spires.

Milton.

Mountains topp'd with snow.

Waller.

2. To rise above.

A gourdÃ‚--climbing by the boughs twined about them, till it topped and covered the tree.

L'Estrange.

Topping all others in boasting.

Shak.

3. To outgo; to surpass.

4. To crop; to take off the top or upper part.

Top your rose trees a little with your knife near a leaf-bud.

Evelyn.

So in America we say, to top corn, that is maiz, by cutting off the stalk just above the ear.

5. To rise to the top of; as, he topped the hill.

Denham.

6. To perform eminently. [Not in use.]

Topan

TO'PAN, noun A name of the horned Indian raven, or rhinoceros bird.

Cyc.

Toparch

TO'PARCH, noun [Greek, place, and, a chief.] The principal man in a place or country.

Toparchy

TO'PARCHY, noun A little state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch. Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies.

Topaz

TO'PAZ, noun [Greek.] A mineral, said to be so called from Topazos, a small isle in the Arabic gulf, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns. The topaz is of a yellowish color. It sometimes occurs in masses, but more generally crystalized in rectangular octahedrons. Topaz is valued as a gem or precious stone, and is used in jewelry. It consists of silex, fluoric acid and alumin, in the following proportions; alumin 57 parts, silex 34, and fluoric acid 7 or 8.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Of topaz there are three subspecies, common topaz, shorlite and physalite.

Jameson.

Topazolite

TOPAZ'OLITE, noun A variety of precious garnet, of a topaz yellow color, or an olive green.

Ure. Cleaveland.

Tope

TOPE, noun A fish of the shark kind, the squalus galeus of Linne.

Cyc.

Tope

TOPE, verb intransitive [French toper. Qu. dip.] To drink hard; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess.

If you tope in form, and treatÃ‚--

Dryden.

Toper

TO'PER, noun One who drinks to excess; a drunkard; a sot.

Topet

TOP'ET, noun A small bird, the crested titmouse.

N. B. The crested titmouse of Latham, Parus bicolor, is the toupet titmouse of Pennant.

Ed. Encyc.

Toph

TOPH, or TOPH'IN, noun [from the Latin.] A kind of sandstone.

Tophaceous

TOPHA'CEOUS, adjective Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.

Arbuthnot.

Tophet

TO'PHET, noun [Heb tophet, a drum.]

Hell; so called from a place east of Jerusalem where children were burnt to Moloch, and where drums were used to drown their cries.

Tophi

TO'PHI, noun Ducksten; a stone formed by earthy depositions; called also tufa or trass.

Topiary

TOP'IARY, adjective [Latin topiarius, ornamented.] Shaped by clipping or cutting.

Butler.

Topic

TOP'IC, noun [Greek, place; Latin topicus, topica; Sanscrit topu.]

1. Any subject of discourse or argument. The Scriptures furnish an unlimited number of topics for the preacher, and topics infinitely interesting.

2. In rhetoric, a probable argument drawn from the several circumstances and places of a fact. Aristotle wrote a book of topics. Cicero defines topics to be the art of finding arguments.

Cyc.

3. Principle of persuasion.

Contumacious persons whom no topics can work upon.

Wilkins.

4. In medicine, an external remedy; a remedy to be applied outwardly to a particular part of the body, as a plaster, a poultice, a blister and the like.

Cyc.

Topic

TOP'IC, or TOP'ICAL, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to a place; limited; local; as a topical remedy.

2. Pertaining to a topic or subject of discourse, or to a general head.

Topically

TOP'ICALLY, adverb Locally; with limitation to a part.

2. With application to a particular part; as a remedy topically applied.

Topographer

TOPOG'RAPHER, noun [See Topography.] One who describes a particular place, town, city or tract of land.

Topographic

TOPOGRAPH'IC, or TOPOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place.

Topographically

TOPOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb In the manner of topography.

Topography

TOPOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, place, and, description.]

The description of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish or tract of land. It is of more limited application than chorography.

Topped

TOP'PED, or TOPT, participle passive or adjective Covered on the top; capped; surpassed; cropped; having the top cut off.

Topping

TOP'PING, participle of the present tense Covering the top; capping; surpassing; cropping; lopping.

2. adjective Fine; gallant.

Johnson.

[But Johnson's definition is probably incorrect.]

3. Proud; assuming superiority. [This is the sense in which the common people of N. England use the word, and I believe the true sense, but it is not elegant.]

Topping

TOP'PING, noun In seamen's language, the act of pulling one extremity of a yard higher than the other.

Mar. Dict.

Topping-Lift

TOP'PING-LIFT, noun A large strong tackle employed to suspend or top the outer end of a gaff, or of the boom of a main-sail, in a brig or schooner.

Mar. Dict.

Toppingly

TOP'PINGLY, adverb Proudly; with airs of disdain. [Not an elegant word, nor much used.]

Topple

TOP'PLE, verb intransitive [from top.] To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down.

Though castles topple on their warders' heads.

Shak.

[This word is used chiefly of children when beginning to walk.]

Toppling

TOP'PLING, participle of the present tense Falling forward.

Topsy-Turvy

TOPSY-TUR'VY, adverb In an inverted posture; with the top or head downwards; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.

South.

Toquet

TOQUET, n. toka'. [French a cap.] A kind of bonnet or head dress for women.

Tor

TOR, noun [Saxon tor; Latin turris.] A tower; a turret; also, a high pointed hill; used in names.

Torch

TORCH, noun [Italian torcia; Spanish antorcha; French torche; Dutch toorts; probably a twist; Italian torciare, to twist, Spanish torcÃƒ-ªr, Welsh torÃƒ-§i, Latin torqueo, tortus.]

A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood or of candles.

They light the nuptial torch.

Milton.

Torch-Bearer

TORCH'-BEARER, noun [torch and bear.] One whose office is to carry a torch.

Sidney.

Torcher

TORCH'ER, noun One that gives light. [Not used.]

Shak.

Torch-Light

TORCH'-LIGHT, noun [torch and light.] The light of a torch or of torches.

2. A light kindled to supply the want of the sun.

Bacon.

Torch-Thistle

TORCH'-THISTLE, noun A plant of the genus Cactus.

Lee.

The common name of a subdivision of the genus Cactus, called also cereus, from cera, wax, from the resemblance of the stems to a wax candle. Torch-thistle is from the prickly stems, used by the Indians for torches.

Cyc.

Torch-Wort

TORCH'-WORT, noun A plant.

More.

Tore

TORE, pret. of tear. He tore his robe.

Tore

TORE, noun [perhaps from tear; Welsh tori, to break.]

The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Used in New England.]

Mortimer.

Tore

TORE, noun [Latin torus.] In architecture, a large round molding on the base of a column. It is distinguished from the astragal by its size. The bases of the Tuscan and Doric columns have only one tore, which is between the plinth and listel. In the Attic base there are two.

Cyc.

Toreumatography

TOREUMATOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, sculpture, and, description.]

A description of ancient sculptures and basso-relievos.

Cyc.

Torment

TOR'MENT, noun [French tourment; Latin tormentum; Italian Spanish tormento; probably from the root of Latin torqueo, torno, tour; that is, from twisting, straining.]

1. Extreme pain; anguish; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind.

The more I see

Pleasure about me, so much I feel

Torment within me.

Milton.

Lest they also come into this place of torment. Luke 16. Revelation 9, 14.

2. That which gives pain, vexation or misery.

They brought to him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matthew 4.

3. An engine for casting stones.

Elyot.

Torment

TORMENT', verb transitive To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating pain and misery, either of body or mind.

Art thou come hither to torment us before the time? Matthew 8.

He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone. Revelation 14.

2. To pain; to distress.

Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matthew 8.

3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances.

4. To put into great agitation.

They soaring on main wing

Tormented all the air. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Tormented

TORMENT'ED, participle passive Pained to extremity; teased; harassed.

Tormentil

TORMENT'IL, noun [French tormentille; Italian tormentilla.]

A genus of plants, the septfoil. The root is used in medicines as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes or tormina, whence its name.

Cyc.

Tormenting

TORMENT'ING, participle of the present tense Paining to an extreme degree; inflicting severe distress and anguish; teasing; vexing.

Tormenting

TORMENT'ING, noun In agriculture, an imperfect sort of horse-hoeing.

Cyc.

Tormentor

TORMENT'OR, noun He or that which torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures.

Milton. Dryden.

2. In agriculture, an instrument for reducing a stiff soil.

Cyc.

Torn

TORN, participle passive of tear.

Neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn by the beasts in the field. Exodus 22.

Tornado

TORNA'DO, noun [from the root of turn; that is, a whirling wind. The Spanish Portugese tornada is a return.]

A violent gust of wind, or a tempest, distinguished by a whirling motion. Torna-does of this kind happen after extreme heat, and sometimes in the United States, rend up fences and trees, and in a few instances have overthrown houses and torn them to pieces. Tornadoes are usually accompanied with severe thunder, lightning and torrents of rain; but they are of short duration, and narrow in breadth.

Torous

TO'ROUS, adjective [Latin torosus.] In botany, protuberant; swelling in knobs, like the veins and muscles; as a torous pericarp.

Martyn.

Torpedo

TORPE'DO, noun [Latin from torpeo, to be numb.]

The cramp fish or electric ray, Raia torpedo. This fish is usually taken in forty fathoms water, on the coast of France and England, and in the Mediterranean. A touch of this fish occasions a numbness in the limb, accompanied with an indescribable and painful sensation, and is really an electric shock. When dead, the fish loses its power of producing this sensation.

Cyc.

Torpent

TOR'PENT, adjective [Latin torpens, torpeo.] Benumbed; torpid; having no motion or activity; incapable of motion.

A frail and torpent memory.

Evelyn.

Torpent

TOR'PENT, noun In medicine, that which diminishes the exertion of the irritative motions.

Darwin.

Torpescence

TORPES'CENCE, noun A state of insensibility; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.

Torpescent

TORPES'CENT, adjective [Latin torpescens.] Becoming torpid or numb.

Shenstone.

Torpid

TOR'PID, adjective [Latin torpidus, torpeo; perhaps Welsh torp, a lump.]

1. Having lost motion or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; as a torpid limb.

Without heat all things would be torpid.

Ray.

2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. The mind as well as the body becomes torpid by indolence. Impenitent sinners remain in a state of torpid security.

Barrington.

Torpidity

TORPID'ITY, noun Torpidness.

Torpidness

TOR'PIDNESS, or TOR'PITUDE, noun The state of being torpid; numbness. Torpidness may amount to total insensibility or loss of sensation.

2. Dullness; inactivity; sluggishness; stupidity.

Torpor

TOR'POR, noun [Latin] Numbness; inactivity; loss of motion, or of the power of motion. Torpor may amount to a total loss of sensation, or complete insensibility. It may however be applied to the state of a living body which has not lost all power of feeling and motion.

2. Dullness; laziness; sluggishness; stupidity.

Torporific

TORPORIF'IC, adjective [Latin torpor and facio.] Tending to produce torpor.

Torrefaction

TORREFAC'TION, noun [French from Latin torrefacio; torridus and facio.]

1. The operation of drying by a fire.

2. In metallurgy, the operation of roasting ores.

3. In pharmacy, the drying or roasting of drugs on a metalline plate, placed over or before coals of fire, till they become friable to the fingers, or till some other desired effect is produced.

Cyc.

Torrefied

TOR'REFIED, participle passive Dried; roasted; scorched. Torrefied earth, in agriculture, is that which has undergone the action of fire.

Cyc.

Torrefy

TOR'REFY, verb transitive [Latin torrefacio; Latin torridus, torreo, and facio; French torrefier.]

1. To dry by a fire.

Brown.

2. In metallurgy, to roast or scorch, as metallic ores.

3. In pharmacy, to dry or parch, as drugs, on a metalline plate till they are friable, or are reduced to any state desired.

Torrefying

TOR'REFYING, participle of the present tense Drying by a fire; roasting; parching.

Torrent

TOR'RENT, noun [Latin torrens. This is the participle of torreo, to parch. But the sense of the word torrent, allies it to the Welsh tori, to break, and the tear. They are all of one family, denoting violent action.]

1. A violent rushing stream of water or other fluid; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice; as a torrent of lava.

2. A violent or rapid stream; a strong current; as a torrent of vices and follies; a torrent of corruption.

Erasmus, that great injur'd name,

Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barb'rous age.

Pope.

Torrent

TOR'RENT, adjective Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream; as waves of torrent fire.

Torricellian

TORRICEL'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who discovered the true principle on which the barometer is constructed.

Torricellian tube, is a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at one end, and hermetically sealed at the other.

Torricellian vacuum, a vacuum produced by filling a tube with mercury, and allowing it to descend till it is counterbalanced by the weight of an equal column of the atmosphere, as in the barometer.

Torrid

TOR'RID, adjective [Latin torridus, from torreo, to roast.]

1. Parched; dried with h at; as a torrid plain or desert.

2. Violently hot; burning or parching; as a torrid heat.

Milton.

Torrid zone, in geography, that space or broad belt of the earth included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period every year, and where the heat is always great.

Torridness

TOR'RIDNESS, noun The state of being very hot or parched.

Torse

TORSE, noun [French torse; Latin tortus.] In heraldry, a wreath.

Torsel

TOR'SEL, noun [supra.] Any thing in a twisted form; as torsels for mantle-trees.

Moxon.

Torsion

TOR'SION, noun [Latin torsio, from torqueo, to twist.] The act of turning or twisting.

Torsion balance, an instrument for estimating very minute forces by the motion of an index attached to the ends of two fine wires, which twist around each other.

Dutch Olmsted.

Torso

TOR'SO, noun [Italian] The trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as the torso of Hercules.

Torsten

TOR'STEN, noun An iron ore of a bright bluish black, &c.

Tort

TORT, noun [French from Latin tortus, twisted, from torqueo. The primary sense is to turn or strain, hence to twist.]

1. In law, any wrong or injury. Torts are injuries done to the person or property of another, as trespass, assault and battery, defamation and the like.

Blackstone.

2. Mischief; calamity. [Except in the legal sense above explained, it is obsolete.]

Spenser.

Tortile

TORT'ILE, or TORT'IL, adjective [Latin tortilis.] Twisted; wreathed; coiled. In botany, coiled like a rope; as a tortile awn.

Martyn.

Tortion

TOR'TION, noun [Latin tortus.] Torment; pain. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Tortious

TOR'TIOUS, adjective [from tort.] Injurious; done by wrong.

2. In law, implying tort, or injury for which the law gives damages.

Tortive

TORT'IVE, adjective [Latin tortus.] Twisted; wreathed.

Shak.

Tortoise

TORTOISE, n. tor'tis. [from Latin tortus, twisted.]

1. An animal of the genus Testudo, covered with a shell or crust.

2. In the military art, a defense used by the ancients, formed by the troops arranging themselves in close order and placing their bucklers over their heads, making a cover resembling a tortoise-shell.

Tortoise-Shell

TOR'TOISE-SHELL, noun [tortoise and shell.] The shell or rather scales of the tortoise, used in inlaying and in various manufactures.

Cyc.

Tortuosity

TORTUOS'ITY, noun [from tortuous.] The state of being twisted or wreathed; wreath; flexure.

Brown.

Tortuous

TORT'UOUS, adjective [Latin tortuosus; French tortueux.]

1. Twisted; wreathed; winding; as a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corol, in botany.

Milton. Martyn.

2. Tortious. [Not used.] [See Tortious.]

Spenser.

Tortuousness

TORT'UOUSNESS, noun The state of being twisted.

Torture

TORT'URE, noun [French torture; Italian Spanish tortura; from Latin tortus, torqueo, to twist, Welsh torÃƒ-§i; probably from the root of turn. See Tour.]

1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment.

Ghastly spasm or racking torture.

Milton.

2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person. Torture may be and is inflicted in a variety of ways, as by water or fire, or by the boot or thumbkin. But the most usual mode is by the rack or wheel.

Paley. Cyc.

Torture

TORT'URE, verb transitive To pain to extremity; to torment.

2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person.

3. To vex; to harass.

Addison.

4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Tortured

TORT'URED, participle passive Tormented; stretched on the wheel; harassed.

Torturer

TORT'URER, noun One who tortures; a tormenter.

Bacon.

Torturing

TORT'URING, participle of the present tense Tormenting; stretching on the rack; vexing.

Torturingly

TORT'URINGLY, adverb So as to torture or torment.

Beaum.

Torturous

TORT'UROUS, adjective Tormenting. [Not in use.]

More.

Torulose

TOR'ULOSE, adjective In botany, swelling a little.

Martyn.

Torus

TO'RUS, noun A molding. [See Tore.]

Torvity

TORV'ITY, noun [Latin torvitas; from twisting, supra.] Sourness or severity of countenance.

Torvous

TORV'OUS, adjective [Latin torvus, from the root of torqueo, to twist.]

Sour of aspect; stern; of a severe countenance.

Derham.

Tory

TO'RY, noun [said to be an Irish word, denoting a robber; perhaps from tor, a bush, as the Irish banditti lived in the mountains or among trees.]

The name given to an adherent to the ancient constitution of England and to the apostolical hierarchy. The tories form a party which are charged with supporting more arbitrary principles in government than the whigs, their opponents.

In America, during the revolution, those who opposed the war, and favored the claims of Great Britain, were called tories.

Toryism

TO'RYISM, noun The principles of the tories.

Tose

TOSE, v. t. s as z. To tease wool. [Not in use or local.]

Toss

TOSS, verb transitive pret. and pp. tossed or tost. [Welsh tosiaw, to toss, to jerk.]

1. To throw with the hand; particularly, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.

2. To throw with violence.

Shak.

3. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head; or to toss up the head.

He toss'd his arm aloft.

Addison.

4. To cause to rise and fall; as, to be tossed on the waves.

We, being exceedingly tossed with a tempestÃ‚-- Acts 27.

5. To move one way and the other. Proverbs 21.

6. To agitate; to make restless.

Calm region once,

And full of peace, now tost and turbulent.

Milton.

7. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar.

Ascham.

Toss

TOSS, verb intransitive To fling; to roll and tumble; to writhe; to be in violent commotion.

To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enrages our pain.

Tillotson.

2. To be tossed.

Shak.

To toss up, is to throw a coin into the air and wager on what side it will fall.

Brampston.

Toss

TOSS, noun A throwing upward or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as the toss of a ball.

2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. It is much applied to horses, and may be applied to an affected manner of raising the head in men.

Tossed

TOSS'ED, participle passive Thrown upward suddenly or with a jerk; made to rise and fall suddenly.

Tossel

TOSS'EL [See Tassel.]

Tosser

TOSS'ER, noun One who tosses.

Tossing

TOSS'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing upward with a jerk: raising suddenly; as the head.

Tossing

TOSS'ING, noun The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.

Dire was the tossing, deep the groans.

Milton.

Toss-Pot

TOSS'-POT, noun [toss and pot.] A toper; one habitually given to strong drink.

Tost

TOST, pret. and participle passive of toss.

In a troubled sea of passion tost.

Milton.

Total

TO'TAL, adjective [French; Latin totalis, totus; Welsh twt.]

1. Whole; full; complete; as total darkness; a total departure from the evidence; a total loss; the total sum or amount.

2. Whole; not divided.

Ã‚--Myself the total crime.

Milton.

Total

TO'TAL, noun The whole; the whole sum or amount. These sums added, make the grand total of five millions.

Totality

TOTAL'ITY, noun [French totalitÃƒ-©.] The whole sum; whole quantity or amount.

Totally

TO'TALLY, adverb Wholly; entirely; fully; completely; as, to be totally exhausted; all hope totally failed; he was totally absorbed in thought.

Totalness

TO'TALNESS, noun Entireness.

Tote

TOTE, verb transitive To carry or convey. [A word used in slaveholding countries; said to have been introduced by the blacks.]

Totter

TOT'TER, verb intransitive [This may be allied to titter.]

1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; as, an old man totters with age; a child totters when he begins to walk.

2. To shake; to reel; to lean.

As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence. Psalm 62.

Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall.

Dryden.

Tottering

TOT'TERING, participle of the present tense Shaking, as threatening a fall; vacillating; reeling; inclining.

Tottery

TOT'TERY, adjective Shaking; trembling or vacillating as if about to fall; unsteady. [Not in use.] [Spenser wrote tottle, as the common people of New England still pronounce it.]

Toucan

TOU'CAN, noun A fowl of the genus Ramphastos; also, a constellation of nine small stars.

Cyc.

Touch

TOUCH, v. t. tuch. [French toucher; Armoric touicha, touchan or touchein; Gothic tekan, attekan; German ticken; Dutch tekken; Spanish Portugese tocar; Italian toccare; Greek; Latin tango, originally tago, [our vulgar tag;] pret. tetigi, pp. tactus. The sense is to thrust or strike. Class Dg. It appears by the laws of Numa Pompilius, that in his days this word was written without noun "Pellex aram Junonis ne tagito."]

1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike against.

He touched the hollow of his thigh. Genesis 32. Matthew 9.

Esther drew near, and touched the top of the scepter. Esther 5.

2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.

Nothing but body can be touch'd or touch.

Creech.

3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.

The god vindictive doom'd them never more,

Ah men unbless'd! to touch that natal shore.

Pope.

4. To try, as gold with a stone.

Wherein I mean to touch your love indeedÃ‚--

Shak.

5. To relate to; to concern.

The quarrel toucheth none but thee alone.

Shak.

[This sense is now nearly obsolete.]

6. To handle slightly.

Brown.

7. To meddle with. I have not touched the books.

8. To affect.

What of sweet

Hath touch'd my sense, flat seems to this.

Milton.

9. To move; to soften; to melt.

The tender sire was touch'd with what he said.

Addison.

10. To mark or delineate slightly.

The lines, though touch'd but faintlyÃ‚--

Pope.

11. To infect; as men touched with pestilent diseases. [Little used.]

Bacon.

12. To make an impression on.

Its face must beÃ‚--so hard that the file will not touch it.

Moxon.

13. To strike, as an instrument of music; to play on.

They touch'd their golden harps.

Milton.

14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly.

No decree of mine,

To touch with lightest moment of impulse

His free will.

Milton.

15. To treat slightly. In his discourse, he barely touched upon the subject deemed the most interesting.

16. To afflict or distress. Genesis 26.

To touch up, to repair; or to improve by slight touches or emendations.

Addison.

To touch the wind, in seamen's language, is to keep the ship as near the wind as possible.

Touch

TOUCH, v. i. tuch. To be in contact with; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between. Two spheres touch only at points.

Johnson.

2. To fasten on; to take effect on.

Strong waters will touch upon gold, that will not touch silver.

Bacon.

3. To treat of slightly in discourse.

Addison.

To touch at, to come or go to, without stay.

The ship touched at Lisbon.

The next day we touched at Sidon. Acts 27.

To touch on or upon, to mention slightly.

If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they have immediately quitted it.

Addison.

2. In the sense of touch at. [Little used.]

Touch

TOUCH, n. tuch. Contact; the hitting of two bodies; the junction of two bodies at the surface, so that there is no space between them. The mimosa shrinks at the slightest touch.

2. The sense of feeling; one of the five senses. We say, a thing is cold or warm to the touch; silk is soft to the touch.

The spider's touch how exquisitely fine!

Pope.

3. The act of touching. The touch of cold water made him shrink.

4. The state of being touched.

Ã‚--That never touch was welcome to thy hand Unless I touch'd.

Shak.

5. Examination by a stone.

Shak.

6. Test; that by which any thing is examined.

Equity, the true touch of all laws.

Carew.

7. Proof; tried qualities.

My friends of noble touch.

Shak.

8. Single act of a pencil on a picture.

Never give the least touch with your pencil, till you have well examined your design.

Dryden.

9. Feature; lineament.

Of many faces, eyes and hearts,

To have the touches dearest priz'd.

Shak.

10. Act of the hand on a musical instrument.

Soft stillness and the night

Become the touches of sweet harmony.

Shak.

11. Power of exciting the affections.

Not alone

The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches,

Do strongly speak t' us.

Shak.

12. Something of passion or affection.

He both makes intercession to God for sinners, and exercises dominion over all men, with a true, natural and sensible touch of mercy.

Hooker.

13. Particular application of any thing to a person.

Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used. Obs.

Bacon.

14. A stroke; as a touch of raillery; a satiric touch.

Addison.

15. Animadversion; censure; reproof.

I never bore any touch of conscience with greater regret.

K. Charles.

16. Exact performance of agreement.

I keep touch with my promise. Obs.

More.

17. A small quantity intermixed.

Madam, I have a touch of your condition.

Shak.

18. A hint; suggestion; slight notice.

A small touch will put him in mind of them.

Bacon.

19. A cant word for a slight essay.

Print my preface in such form as, in the bookseller's phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. [Not in use.]

Swift.

20. In music, the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as a heavy touch, or light touch.

21. In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop, when the keys close well.

22. In ship-building, touch is the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt; or the middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion; also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters.

Cyc.

Touchable

TOUCHABLE, a. tuch'able. That may be touched; tangible.

Touch-Hole

TOUCH-HOLE, n. tuch'-hole. [touch and hole.]

The vent of a cannon or other species of fire-arms, by which fire is communicated to the powder of the charge. It is now called the vent.

Touchiness

TOUCHINESS, n. tuch'iness. [from touchy.] Peevishness; irritability; irascibility.

King Charles.

Touching

TOUCHING, ppr. tuch'ing. Coming in contact with; hitting; striking; affecting.

2. Concerning; relating to; with respect to.

Now as touching things offered to idolsÃ‚-- 1 Corinthians 8.

3. adjective Affecting; moving; pathetic.

Touching

TOUCHING, n. tuch'ing. Touch; the sense of feeling.

Touchingly

TOUCHINGLY, adv. tuch'ingly. In a manner to move the passions; feelingly.

Garth.

Touch-Me-Not

TOUCH-ME-NOT, noun A plant of the genus Impatiens, and another of the genus Momordica.

Touch-Needle

TOUCH-NEEDLE, n. tuch'-needle. [touch and needle.]

Touch-needles are small bars of gold, silver and copper, each pure and in all proportions, prepared for trying gold and silver by the touchstone, by comparison with the mark they leave upon it.

Cyc.

Touchstone

TOUCHSTONE, n. tuch'stone. [touch and stone.]

1. A stone by which metals are examined; a black, smooth, glossy stone. The touchstone of the ancients was called lapis Lydius, from Lydia in Asia Minor, where it was found.

2. Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried; as money, the touchstone of common honesty.

L'Estrange.

Irish touchstone, is the basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's causey. This is said also to be an excellent touchstone.

Touch-Wood

TOUCH-WOOD, n. tuch'-wood. [touch and wood.]

Decayed wood, used like a match for taking fire from a spark.

Howell.

Touchy

TOUCHY, a. tuch'y. [vulgarly techy.] Peevish; irritable; irascible; apt to take fire. [Not elegant.]

Arbuthnoi.

Tough

TOUGH, a. tuf. [Saxon toh; Dutch taai; German zÃƒ-¤he. Qu. tight, thick.]

1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking. The ligaments of animals and of India rubber are remarkably tough. Tough timber, like young ash, is the most proper for the shafts and springs of a carriage.

2. Firm; strong; not easily broken; able to endure hardship; as an animal of a tough frame.

Dryden.

3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; ropy; as tough phlegm.

4. Stiff; not flexible.

Toughen

TOUGHEN, v. i. tuf'n. To grow tough.

Mortimer.

Toughen

TOUGHEN, v. t. tuf'n. To grow tough.

Toughly

TOUGHLY, adv. tuf'ly. In a tough manner.

Toughness

TOUGHNESS, n. tuf'ness. The quality of a substance which renders it in some degree flexible, without brittleness or liability to fracture; flexibility with a firm adhesion of parts; as the toughness of steel.

Dryden.

2. Viscosity; tenacity; clamminess; glutinousness; as the toughness of mucus.

3. Firmness; strength of constitution or texture.

Shak.

Toupee

TOUPE'E, or TOUPET, noun [French toupet, from touffe, a tuft, or its root.] A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

Tour

TOUR, noun [French tour, a turn; Dutch toer; Hebrew, Arabic taura, to go round. Class Dr. No. 38.]

1. Literally, a going round; hence, a journey in a circuit; as the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England.

2. A turn; a revolution; as the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Not now in use.]

3. A turn; as a tour of duty; a military use of the word.

4. A tress or circular border of hair on the head, worn sometimes by both sexes.

Cyc.

5. A tower. [Not in use.]

Tourist

TOURIST, noun One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.

Toourmalin

TOOURMALIN, or TUR'MALIN, noun [probably a corruption of tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.]

In mineralogy, a silicious stone, sometimes used as a gem by jewelers, remarkable for exhibiting electricity by heat or friction. It occurs in long prisms deeply striated. Its fracture is conchoidal, and its internal luster vitreous.

Cyc.

Turmalin is considered as a variety of shorl.

Cleaveland.

Tourn

TOURN, noun The sherif's turn or court; also, a spinning wheel. [Not American.]

Tournament

TOURNAMENT, n. turn'ament. [from French tourner, to turn.]

A martial sport or exercise formerly performed by cavaliers to show their address and bravery. These exercises were performed on horseback, and were accompanied with tilting, or attacks with blunted lances and swords.

Bacon.

Tournequet

TOURNEQUET, n. turn'eket. [French] A surgical instrument or bandage which is straitened or relaxed with a screw, and used to check hemorrhages.

Cyc.

Tourney

TOURNEY, n. turn'ey. A tournament, supra.

Tourney

TOURNEY, v. i. turn'ey. To tilt; to perform tournaments.

Spenser.

Touse

TOUSE, v. t. touz. [German zausen, to pull.] To pull; to haul; to tear. [Hence Towser.]

As a bear whom angry curs have tous'd.

Spenser.

Tousel

TOUS'EL, v. t. s as z. The same as touse; to put into disorder; to tumble; to tangle. [Used by the common people of New England.]

Tow

TOW, verb transitive [Saxon teogan, teon; French touer; German ziehen, to pull; zug, a pulling, a tug; Latin duco. See Class Dg. No. 62. 64.]

To drag, as a boat or ship, through the water by means of a rope. Towing is performed by another boat or ship, or by men on shore, or by horses. Boats on canals are usually towed by horses.

Tow

TOW, noun [Saxon tow; French etoupe; Latin stupa; Italian stoppa; Spanish estopa. It coincides with stuff.]

The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.

Towage

TOWAGE, noun [from tow, the verb.] The act of towing.

2. The price paid for towing.

Walsh.

Toward

TO'WARD, or TO'WARDS, prep. [Saxon toward; to and ward, weard; Latin versus, verto.]

1. In the direction to.

He set his face toward the wilderness. Numbers 24.

2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect to; regarding.

His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deuteronomy 28.

Herein do I exercise myself to have always a conscience void of offense toward God and toward men. Acts 24.

Hearing of thy love and faith which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus Christ, and toward all saints. Philemon 5.

3. With ideal tendency to.

This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble.

Clarendon.

4. Nearly.

I am towards nine years older since I left you.

Swift.

Toward

TO'WARD, or TO'WARDS, adverb Near; at hand; in a state of preparation.

Toward

TO'WARD, adjective Ready to do or learn; not froward; apt; as a toward youth.

Towardliness

TO'WARDLINESS, noun [from towardly.] Readiness to do or learn; aptness; docility

The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy.

Raleigh.

Towardly

TO'WARDLY, adjective Ready to do or learn; apt; docile; tractable; compliant with duty.

Bacon.

Towardness

TO'WARDNESS, noun Docility; towardliness.

South.

Towel

TOW'EL, noun [French touaille; Gaelic, tubailt; Italian tovaglia; Portugese toalha; Armoric touailhon; Spanish toballa, tobaja, toaja, or toalla. In Italian the word signifies a table cloth.]

A cloth used for wiping the hands and for other things.

Tower

TOW'ER, noun [Saxon tor, tirre; Irish tor; French Armoric tour; Spanish Italian Portugese torre; Welsh twr, a heap or pile; Cornish id.; German thurm; Dutch torm; Latin turris; Greek; Hebrew. Class Dr. No. 24.]

1. A building, either round or square, raised to a considerable elevation and consisting of several stories. When towers are erected with other buildings, as they usually are, they rise above the main edifice. They are generally flat on the top, and thus differ from steeples or spires. Before the invention of guns, places were fortified with towers, and attacked with movable towers mounted on wheels, which placed the besiegers on a level with the walls.

Cyc.

2. A citadel; a fortress. Psalm 61.

3. A high head dress.

Hudibras.

4. High flight; elevation.

Johnson.

Tower bastion, in fortification, a small tower in the form of a bastion, with rooms or cells underneath for men and guns.

Cyc.

Tower of London, a citadel containing an arsenal. It is also a palace where the kings of England have sometimes lodged.

Cyc.

Tower

TOW'ER, verb intransitive To rise and fly high; to soar; to be lofty.

Sublime thoughts, which tower above the clouds.

Locke.

Towered

TOW'ERED, adjective Adorned or defended by towers.

Milton.

Towering

TOW'ERING, participle of the present tense Rising aloft; mounting high; soaring.

2. adjective Very high; elevated; as a towering highth.

Tower-Mustard

TOW'ER-MUSTARD, noun [tower and mustard.] A plant of the genus Turritis.

Lee.

Towery

TOW'ERY, adjective Having towers; adorned or defended by towers; as towery cities.

Pope.

Towing

TOWING, participle of the present tense Drawing on water, as a boat.

Towing-Path

TOWING-PATH, noun A path used by men or horses that tow boats.

To wit, to know; namely.

Tow-Line

TOW-LINE, noun [tow and line.] A small hawser, used to tow a ship, &c.

Town

TOWN, noun [Saxon tun; Welsh din, dinas, a fortified hill, a fort; Gaelic, dun; Saxon dun, dune, a hill, whence downs. The Saxon tun signifies an inclosure, a garden, a village, a town, and tynan is to shut, to make fast; German zaun, a hedge; Dutch tun, a garden. If the original word signified a hill, the sense is a mass or collection. But probably the original word signified fortified, and the rude fortifications of uncivilized men were formed with hedges and stakes; hence also a garden. See Garden and Tun.]

1. Originally, a walled or fortified place; a collection of houses inclosed with walls, hedges or pickets for safety. Rahab's house was on the town wall. Joshua 2.

A town that hath gates and bars. 1 Samuel 23.

2. Any collection of houses, larger than a village. In this use the word is very indefinite, and a town may consist of twenty houses, or of twenty thousand.

3. In England, any number of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop.

Johnson.

A town, in modern times, is generally without walls, which is the circumstance that usually distinguishes it from a city.

Cyc.

In the United States, the circumstance that distinguishes a town from a city, is generally that a city is incorporated with special privileges, and a town is not. But a city is often called a town.

4. The inhabitants of a town. The town voted to send two representatives to the legislature, or they voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.

New England. Chapman.

5. In popular usage, in America, a township; the whole territory within certain limits.

6. In England, the court end of London.

Pope.

7. The inhabitants of the metropolis.

Pope.

8. The metropolis. The gentleman lives in town in winter; in summer he lives in the country. The same form of expression is used in regard to other populous towns.

Town-Clerk

TOWN'-CLERK, noun [town and clerk.] An officer who keeps the records of a town, and enters all its official proceedings.

Town-Crier

TOWN-CRI'ER, noun [town and cry.] A public crier; one who makes proclamation.

Shak.

Town-House

TOWN'-HOUSE, noun [town and house.] The house where the public business of the town is transacted by the inhabitants in legal meeting.

New England.

2. A house in town; in opposition to a house in the country.

Townish

TOWN'ISH, adjective Pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town.

Townless

TOWN'LESS, adjective Having no town.

Howell.

Township

TOWN'SHIP, noun The district or territory of a town. In New England, the states are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads, providing for the poor, &c.

Townsman

TOWNS'MAN, noun [town and man.] An inhabitant of a place; or one of the same town with another.

2. A selectman; an officer of the town in New England, who assists in managing the affairs of the town. [See Selectmen.]

Town-Talk

TOWN'-TALK, noun [town and talk.] The common talk of a place, or the subject of common conversation.

Tow-Rope

TOW-ROPE, noun [tow and rope.] Any rope used in towing ships or boats.

Mar. Dict.

Towser

TOWS'ER, noun [from touse.] The name of a dog.

Toxical

TOX'ICAL, adjective [Latin toxicum.] Poisonous. [Little used.]

Toxicology

TOXICOL'OGY, noun [Greek, poison, and, discourse.]

A discourse on poisons; or the doctrine of poisons.

Orfila. Coxe.

Toy

TOY, noun [Qu. Dutch tooi, tire, ornament.]

1. A plaything for children; a bawble.

2. A trifle; a thing for amusement, but of no real value.

3. An article of trade of little value.

They exchange gold and pearl for toys.

Abbot.

4. Matter of no importance.

Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell.

Drayton.

5. Folly; trifling practice; silly opinion.

6. Amorous dalliance; play; sport.

Milton.

7. An old story; a silly tale.

Shak.

8. Slight representation; as the toy of novelty.

Hooker.

9. Wild fancy; odd conceit.

Shak.

Toy

TOY, verb intransitive [Danish tÃƒ-¶ver, Swedish t?fva, to stay, to tarry, to dally. This seems to be the true origin of toy, supra.] To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.

Toy

TOY, verb transitive To treat foolishly. [Not used.]

Dering.

Toyer

TOY'ER, noun One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks.

Toyful

TOY'FUL, adjective Full of trifling play.

Donne.

Toying

TOY'ING, participle of the present tense Dallying; trifling.

Toyish

TOY'ISH, adjective Trifling; wanton.

Crowley.

Toyishness

TOY'ISHNESS, noun Disposition to dalliance or trifling.

Toyman

TOY'MAN, noun [toy and man.] One that deals in toys.

Toyshop

TOY'SHOP, noun [toy and shop.] A shop where toys are sold.

Toze

TOZE, verb transitive To pull by violence. [See Touse.]

Trace

TRACE, noun [French id.; Italian traccia; Spanish traza; Latin tractus, tracto. See Track, and the verb Trace.]

1. A mark left by any thing passing; a footstep; a track; a vestige; as the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a man or of a deer.

2. Remains; a mark, impression or visible appearance of any thing left when the thing itself no longer exists. We are told that there are no traces of ancient Babylon now to be seen.

The shady empire shall retain no trace

Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase.

Pope.

Trace

TRACE, noun [French tirasse; or Welsh tres. See Trestle.]

Traces, in a harness, are the straps, chains or ropes by which a carriage or sleigh is drawn by horses. [Locally these are called tugs; Saxon teogan, to draw.]

Trace

TRACE, verb transitive [French tracer; Italian tracciare; Spanish trazare; Latin tracto, from traho, to draw, to drag.]

1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; as, to trace a figure with a pencil; to trace the outline of any thing.

2. To follow by some mark that has been left by something which has preceded; to follow by footsteps or tracks.

You may trace the deluge quite round the globe.

Burnet.

I feel thy power to trace the ways

Of highest agents.

Milton.

3. To follow with exactness.

That servile path thou nobly do'st decline,

Of tracing word by word, and line by line.

Denham.

4. To walk over.

We do trace this alley up and down.

Shak.

Traceable

TRA'CEABLE, adjective That may be traced.

Drummond.

Traced

TRA'CED, participle passive Marked out; delineated; followed.

Tracer

TRA'CER, noun One that traces or follows by marks.

Tracery

TRA'CERY, noun Ornamental stone work.

Warton.

Trachea

TRA'CHEA, noun [Low Latin from Greek, rough.] In anatomy, the windpipe.

Tracheal

TRA'CHEAL, adjective Pertaining to the trachea or windpipe; as the tracheal artery.

Coxe.

Tracheocele

TRA'CHEOCELE, noun [trachea and, a tumor.]

An enlargement of the thyroid gland; bronchocele or goiter.

Cyc.

Tracheotomy

TRACHEOT'OMY, noun [trachea and, to cut.]

In surgery, the operation of making an opening into the windpipe.

Cyc.

Trachyte

TRA'CHYTE, noun [Greek, rough.] A species of volcanic rock, composed of crystals of glassy feldspar, sometimes with crystals of hornblend, mica, iron pyrite, &c.

Daubeny. Journ. of Science.

Trachytic

TRACHYT'IC, adjective Pertaining to trachyte, or consisting of it.

Tracing

TRA'CING, participle of the present tense [from trace.] Mark 1ng out; drawing in lines; following by marks or footsteps.

Tracing lines, in a ship, are lines passing through a block or thimble, and used to hoist a thing higher.

Tracing

TRA'CING, noun Course; regular track or path.

Davies.

Track

TRACK, noun [Italian traccia; Spanish traza; French trace. See Trace. Track is properly a mark made by drawing, not by stepping; the latter is a derivative sense.]

1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as the track of a ship, a wake; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or sleigh.

2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast. Savages are said to be wonderfully sagacious in finding the tracks of men in the forest.

3. A road; a beaten path.

Behold Torquatus the same track pursue.

Dryden.

4. Course; way; as the track of a comet.

Track

TRACK, verb transitive To follow when guided by a trace, or by the footsteps, or marks of the feet; as, to track a deer in the snow.

2. To tow; to draw a boat on the water in a canal.

Tracked

TRACK'ED, participle passive Followed by the footsteps.

Tracking

TRACK'ING, participle of the present tense Following by the impression of the feet; drawing a boat; towing.

Trackless

TRACK'LESS, adjective Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as a trackless desert.

Track-Road

TRACK'-ROAD, noun [track and road.] A towing-path.

Cyc.

Track-Scout

TRACK'-SCOUT, noun [track and Dutch schuit, boat.]

A boat or vessel employed on the canals in Holland, usually drawn by a horse.

Cyc.

Tract

TRACT, noun [Latin tractus; Italian tratto; French trait; from Latin traho, French traire, to draw.]

1. Something drawn out or extended.

2. A region, or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent. We may apply tract to the sandy and barren desert of Syria and Arabia, or to the narrow vales of Italy and Sardinia. We say, a rich tract of land in Connecticut or Ohio, a stony tract, or a mountainous tract. We apply tract to a single farm, or to a township or state.

3. A treatise; a written discourse or dissertation of indefinite length, but generally not of great extent.

4. In hunting, the trace or footing of a wild beast.

Cyc.

5. Treatment; exposition. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. Track. [Not in use.]

7. Continuity or extension of any thing; as a tract of speech. [Not much used.]

8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent; as a long tract of time.

Milton.

Tract

TRACT, verb transitive To trace out; to draw out. [Not in use.]

Tractability

TRACTABIL'ITY, noun [from tractable.] The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness.

Beddoes.

Tractable

TRACT'ABLE, adjective [Latin tractabilis, from tracto, to handle or lead; French traitable; Italian trattabile.]

1. That may be easily led, taught or managed; docile; manageable; governable; as tractable children; a tractable learner.

Locke.

2. Palpable; such as may be handled; as tractable measures.

Holder.

Tractableness

TRACT'ABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being tractable or manageable; docility; as the tractableness of children.

Locke.

Tractably

TRACT'ABLY, adverb In a tractable manner; with ready compliance.

Tractate

TRACT'ATE, noun [Latin tractatus.] A treatise; a tract. [Not now in use.]

Brown. Hale.

Tractation

TRACTA'TION, noun [Latin tractatio.] Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion.

Bp. Hall.

Tractatrix

TRACTA'TRIX, noun In geometry, a curve line.

Tractile

TRACT'ILE, adjective [Latin tractus.] Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile.

Bodies are tractile or intractile.

Bacon.

Tractility

TRACTIL'ITY, noun The quality of being tractile; ductility.

Derham.

Traction

TRAC'TION, noun [Latin tractus, traho.] The act of drawing, or state of being drawn; as the traction of a muscle.

Holder.

2. Attraction; a drawing towards.

Cyc.

Tractor

TRACT'OR, noun That which draws, or is used for drawing.

Journ. of Science.

Trade

TRADE, noun [Spanish Portugese trato; tratar, to handle, to trade; Italian tratta, trattare; from Latin tracto, to handle, use, treat. The French traite, traiter, are the same words.]

1. The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter; or the business of buying and selling for money; commerce; traffick; barter. Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills or money. It is however chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign, or domestic or inland. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic or home trade is the exchange or buying and selling of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is that of transporting commodities from one country to another by water.

2. The business which a person has learned and which he carries on for procuring subsistence or for profit; occupation; particularly, mechanical employment; distinguished from the liberal arts and learned professions, and from agriculture. Thus we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter or mason. But we never say, the trade of a farmer or of a lawyer or physician.

3. Business pursued; occupation; in contempt; as, piracy is their trade.

Hunting their sport, and plund'ring was their trade.

Dryden.

4. Instruments of any occupation.

The shepherd bears

His house and household goods, his trade of war.

Dryden.

5. Employment not manual; habitual exercise.

Bacon.

6. Custom; habit; standing practice.

Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade.

Shak.

7. Men engaged in the same occupation. Thus booksellers speak of the customs of the trade.

Trade

TRADE, verb intransitive To barter, or to buy and sell; to deal in the exchange, purchase or sale of goods, wares and merchandise, or any thing else; to traffick; to carry on commerce as a business. Thus American merchants trade with the English at London and at Liverpool; they trade with the French at Havre and Bordeaux, and they trade with Canada. The country shopkeepers trade with London merchants. Our banks are permitted to trade in bills of exchange.

2. To buy and sell or exchange property, in a single instance. Thus we say, a man treats with another for his farm, but cannot trade with him. A traded with B for a horse or a number of sheep.

3. To act merely for money.

How did you dare

To trade and traffick with Macbeth?

Shak.

4. To have a trade wind.

They on the trading flood ply tow'rd the pole. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Trade

TRADE, verb transitive To sell or exchange in commerce.

They traded the persons of men. Ezekiel 27.

[This, I apprehend, must be a mistake; at least it is not to be vindicated as a legitimate use of the verb.]

Traded

TRA'DED, adjective Versed; practiced. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tradeful

TRA'DEFUL, adjective Commercial; busy in traffick.

Spenser.

Trader

TRA'DER, noun One engaged in trade or commerce; a dealer in buying and selling or barter; as a trader to the East Indies; a trader to Canada; a country trader.

Tradesfolk

TRA'DESFOLK, noun People employed in trade. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Tradesman

TRA'DESMAN, noun [trade and man.] A shopkeeper. A merchant is called a trader, but not a tradesman.

Johnson.

[In America, a shopkeeper is usually called a retailer.]

Trade-Wind

TRA'DE-WIND, noun [trade and wind.] A wind that favors trade. A trade wind is a wind that blows constantly in the same direction, or a wind that blows for a number of months in one direction, and then changing, blows as long in the opposite direction. These winds in the East Indies are called monsoons, which are periodical. On the Atlantic, within the tropics, the trade winds blow constantly from the eastward to the westward.

Trading

TRA'DING, participle of the present tense Trafficking; exchanging commodities by barter, or buying and selling them.

2. adjective Carrying on commerce; as a trading company.

Trading

TRA'DING, noun The act or business of carrying on commerce.

Tradition

TRADI'TION, noun [French from Latin traditio, from trado, to deliver.]

1. Delivery; the act of delivering into the hands of another.

A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery.

Blackstone.

The sale of a movable is completed by simple tradition.

Cyc.

2. The delivery of opinions, doctrines, practices, rites and customs from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any opinions or practice from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials. Thus children derive their vernacular language chiefly from tradition. Most of our early notions are received by tradition from our parents.

3. That which is handed down from age to age by oral communication. The Jews pay great regard to tradition in matters of religion, as do the Romanists. Protestants reject the authority of tradition in sacred things, and rely only on the written word. Traditions may be good or bad, true or false.

Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle. 2 Thessalonians 2.

Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by your traditions? Matthew 15.

Traditional

TRADI'TIONAL, or TRADI'TIONARY, adjective Delivered orally from father to son; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as traditional opinions; traditional evidence; the traditional expositions of the Scriptures.

The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary interpolations, are unrivaled in the regions of absurdity.

Buckminster.

2. Observant of tradition. [Not used.]

Traditionally

TRADI'TIONALLY, adverb By transmission from father to son, or from age to age; as an opinion or doctrine traditionally derived from the apostles, is of no authority.

Traditionary

TRADI'TIONARY, noun Among the Jews, one who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them. The word is used in opposition to Cairite, one who denies the authority of traditions.

Traditioner

TRADI'TIONER, or TRADI'TIONIST, noun One who adheres to tradition.

Gregory.

Traditive

TRAD'ITIVE, adjective [French from Latin trado.] Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age to age, by oral communication.

Suppose we on things traditive divide.

Dryden.

Traditor

TRAD'ITOR, noun [Latin] A deliverer; a name of infamy given to christians who delivered the Scriptures or the goods of the church to their persecutors, to save their lives.

Milner.

Traduce

TRADU'CE, verb transitive [Latin traduco; trans, over, and duco, to lead; French traduire; Italian tradurre.]

1. To represent as blamable; to condemn.

The best stratagem that Satan hath, is by traducing the form and manner of the devout prayers of God's church.

Hooker.

2. To calumniate; to vilify; to defame; willfully to misrepresent.

As long as men are malicious and designing, they will be traducing. Gov. of the Tongue.

He had the baseness to traduce me in libel.

Dryden.

3. To propagate; to continue by deriving one from another.

From these only the race of perfect animals was propagated and traduced over the earth. [Not in use.]

Hale.

Traduced

TRADU'CED, participle passive Misrepresented; calumniated.

Traducement

TRADU'CEMENT, noun Misrepresentation; ill founded censure; defamation; calumny. [Little used.]

Shak.

Traducent

TRADU'CENT, adjective Slandering; slanderous.

Entick.

Traducer

TRADU'CER, noun One that traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator.

Traducible

TRADU'CIBLE, adjective That may be orally derived or propagated. [Little used.]

Hale.

Traducing

TRADU'CING, participle of the present tense Slandering; defaming; calumniating.

Traducingly

TRADU'CINGLY, adverb Slanderously; by way of defamation.

Traduction

TRADUC'TION, noun [Latin traductio.] Derivation from one of the same kind; propagation.

If by traduction came thy mind,

Our wonder is the less to find

A soul so charming from a stock so good.

Dryden.

2. Tradition; transmission from one to another; as traditional communication and traduction of truth. [Little used.]

Hale.

3. Conveyance; transportation; act of transferring; as the traduction of animals from Europe to America by shipping.

Hale.

4. Transition.

Bacon.

Traductive

TRADUC'TIVE, adjective Derivable; that may be deduced.

Warburton.

Traffick

TRAF'FICK, noun [French trafic; Italian traffico; Spanish trafago; a compound of Latin trans, Celtic tra, and facio, or some other verb of the like elements.]

1. Trade; commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling. This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of retailing may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.

My father,

A merchant of great traffick through the world.

Shak.

2. Commodities for market.

Gay.

Traffick

TRAF'FICK, verb intransitive [French trafiquer; Italian trafficare; Spanish traficar or trafagar.]

1. To trade; to pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to barter; to buy and sell wares; to carry on commerce. The English and Americans traffick with all the world. Genesis 42.

2. To trade meanly or mercenarily.

Shak.

Traffick

TRAF'FICK, verb transitive To exchange in traffick.

Traffickable

TRAF'FICKABLE, adjective Marketable. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Trafficker

TRAF'FICKER, noun One who carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant. Isaiah 8.

Shak.

Trafficking

TRAF'FICKING, participle of the present tense Trading; bartering; buying and selling goods, wares and commodities.

Tragacanth

TRAG'ACANTH, noun [Latin tragacanthum; Greek; a goat, and, thorn.]

1. Goat's thorn; a plant of the genus Astragalus, of several species, growing in Syria, Candia, &c. almost all of which were included by Linne in the tragacanthas, and all of which produce the gum tragacanth.

2. A gum obtained from the goat's thorn. It comes in small contorted pieces resembling worms. It is of different colors; that which is white, clear, smooth and vermicular, is the best. It is somewhat soft to the touch, but only imperfectly soluble. It is softening, and used in coughs and catarrhs.

Nicholson. Cyc.

Tragedian

TRAGE'DIAN, noun [Latin tragoedus. See Tragedy.] A writer of tragedy.

Stillingfleet.

2. More generally, an actor of tragedy.

Dryden.

Tragedy

TRAG'EDY, noun [French tragedie; Italian Spanish tragedia; Greek; said to be composed of, a goat, and, a song, because originally it consisted in a hymn sung in honor of Bacchus by a chorus of music, with dances and the sacrifice of a goat.]

1. A dramatic poem representing some signal action performed by illustrious persons, and generally having a fatal issue. AEschylus is called the father of tragedy.

All our tragedies are of kings and princes.

Taylor.

2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more particularly by unauthorized violence.

Tragic

TRAG'IC, or TRAG'ICAL, adjective [Latin tragicus; French tragique; Italian tragico.]

1. Pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of tragedy; as a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation.

Shak.

2. Fatal to life; mournful; sorrowful; calamitous; as the tragic scenes of Hayti the tragic horrors of Scio and Missilonghi; the tragical fate of the Greeks.

3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow.

I now must change those notes to tragic.

Milton.

Tragically

TRAGICALLY, adverb In a tragical manner with fatal issue; mournfully; sorrowfully. The play ends tragically.

Tragicalness

TRAGICALNESS, noun Fatality; mournfulness; sadness.

We moralize the fable in the tragicalness of the event.

Decay of Piety.

Tragi-Comedy

TRAGI-COM'EDY, noun [French tragi-comedie; tragedy and comedy.]

A kind of dramatic piece representing some action passed among eminent persons, the event of which is not unhappy, in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a species of composition not now used, or held in little estimation.

Cyc.

Tragi-Comic

TRAGI-COM'IC, or TRAGI-COM'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of a mixture of grave and comic scenes.

Tragi-Comically

TRAGI-COM'ICALLY, adverb In a tragicomical manner.

Trail

TRAIL, verb transitive [Welsh rhel, a flagging, a trailing; rhelyw, a trail; Spanish traillar, to level the ground; trailla, a leash, packthread, an instrument for leveling the ground; Welsh trail, a drawing over, a trail, a turn, as if from traigyl, a turn or revolution; treilliaw, to turn, to roll, to traverse, to dredge; Gaelic, triallam, to go, to walk, [qu. travel;] Portugese tralho, a fishing net, as if from drawing, Latin traho; Dutch treillen, to draw, to tow; Norm. trailler, to search for. The Welsh seems to accord with troll; the others appear to be formed on drag, Latin traho. Qu.]

1. To hunt by the track. [See the Norman, supra.]

2. To draw along the ground. Trail your pikes.

And hung his head, and trail'd his legs along.

Dryden.

They shall not trail me through the streets

Like a wild beast.

Milton.

That long behind he trails his pompous robe.

Pope.

3. To lower; as, to trail arms.

4. In America, to tread down grass by walking through; to lay flat; as, to trail grass.

Trail

TRAIL, verb intransitive To be drawn out in length.

When his brother saw the red blood trail.

Spenser.

Trail

TRAIL, noun Track followed by the hunter; scent left on the ground by the animal pursued.

How cheerfully on the false trail they cry.

Shak.

2. Any thing drawn to length; as the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke.

Dryden.

When lightning shoots in glitt'ring trails along.

Rowe.

3. Any thing drawn behind in long undulations; a train.

And drew behind a radiant trail of hair.

Pope.

4. The entrails of a fowl; applied sometimes to those of sheep.

Smollet.

Trail-boards, in ship-building, a term for the carved work between the cheeks of the head, at the heel of the figure.

Cyc.

Trailed

TRAILED, participle passive Hunted by the tracks; laid flat; drawn along on the ground; brought to a lower position; as trailed arms.

Trailing

TRA'ILING, participle of the present tense Hunting by the track; drawing on the ground; treading down; laying flat; bringing to a lower position; drawing out in length.

Since the flames pursu'd the trailing smokeÃ‚--

Dryden.

Swift men of foot whose broad-set backs their trailing hair did hide.

Chapman.

Train

TRAIN, verb transitive [French trainer; Italian trainare, tranare, to draw or drag; Spanish traina, a train of gunpowder. Qu. drain, or is it a contracted word, from Latin traho, to draw?]

1. To draw along.

In hollow cube he train'd

His devilish enginery.

Milton.

2. To draw; to entice; to allure.

If but twelve French

Were there in arms, they would be as a call

To train ten thousand English to their side.

Shak.

3. To draw by artifice or stratagem.

O train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note.

Shak.

4. To draw from act to act by persuasion or promise.

We did train him on.

Shak.

5. To exercise; to discipline; to teach and form by practice; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms and to tactics. Abram armed his trained servants. Genesis 14.

The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train.

Dryden.

6. To break, tame and accustom to draw; as oxen.

7. In gardening, to lead or direct and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape by growth, lopping or pruning; as, to train young trees.

8. In mining, to trace a lode or any mineral appearance to its head.

To train or train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up.

Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it. Proverbs 22.

The first christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory.

Tillotson.

Train

TRAIN, noun Artifice; stratagem of enticement.

Now to my charms,

And to my wily trains.

Milton.

2. Something drawn along behind, the end of a gown, &c.; as the train of a gown or robe.

3. The tail of a fowl.

The train steers their flight, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of a ship.

Ray.

4. A retinue; a number of followers or attendants.

My train are men of choice and rarest parts.

Shak.

The king's daughter with a lovely train.

Addison.

5. A series; a consecution or succession of connected things.

Rivers now stream and draw their humid train.

Milton.

Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order.

Locke.

Ã‚--The train of ills our love would draw behind it.

Addison.

6. Process; regular method; course. Things are now in a train for settlement.

If things were once in this trainÃ‚--our duty would take root in our nature.

Swift.

7. A company in order; a procession.

Fairest of stars, last in the train of night.

Milton.

8. The number of beats which a watch makes in any certain time.

Cyc.

9. A line of gunpowder, laid to lead fire to a charge, or to a quantity intended for execution.

Train of artillery, any number of cannon and mortars accompanying an army.

Trainable

TRA'INABLE, adjective That may be trained. [Little used.]

Train-Band

TRA'IN-BAND, noun [train and band.] A band or company of militia. Train-bands, in the plural, militia; so called because trained to military exercises.

Train-Bearer

TRA'IN-BEARER, noun [train and bearer.] One who holds up a train.

Trained

TRA'INED, participle passive Drawn; allured; educated; formed by instruction.

Training

TRA'INING, participle of the present tense Drawing; alluring; educating; teaching and forming by practice.

Training

TRA'INING, noun The act or process of drawing or educating; education. In gardening, the operation or art of forming young trees to a wall or espalier, or of causing them to grow in a shape suitable for that end.

Cyc.

Train-Oil

TRA'IN-OIL, noun [train and oil.] The oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales by boiling.

Cyc.

Train-Road

TRA'IN-ROAD, noun [train and road.] In mines, a slight rail-way for small wagons.

Cyc.

Trainy

TRA'INY, adjective Belonging to train-oil. [Not in use.]

Gay.

Traipse

TRAIPSE, verb intransitive To walk sluttishly or carelessly. [A low word.]

Trait

TRAIT, noun [French trait, from traire, to draw; Latin tractus. See Tract and Treat.]

1. A stroke; a touch.

By this single trait, Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey.

Broome.

2. A line; a feature; as a trait of character.

Traitor

TRA'ITOR, noun [French traÃƒ-®tre; Armoric treitre, treylor; Spanish traidor; from Latin traditor; trado, to deliver.]

1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy, or any fort or place entrusted to his defense, or who surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; or one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. [See Treason.]

2. One who betrays his trust.

Traitorly

TRA'ITORLY, adjective Treacherous. [Not in use.]

Traitorous

TRA'ITOROUS, adjective Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as a traitorous officer or subject.

2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as a traitorous scheme or conspiracy.

Traitorously

TRA'ITOROUSLY, adverb In violation of allegiance and trust; treacherously; perfidiously.

They had traitorously endeavored to subvert the fundamental laws.

Clarendon.

Traitorousness

TRA'ITOROUSNESS, noun Treachery; the quality of being treasonable.

Scott.

Traitress

TRA'ITRESS, noun A female who betrays her country or her trust.

Dryden.

Traject

TRAJECT', verb transitive [Latin trajectus, trajicio; trans and jacio, to throw.]

To throw or cast through; as, to traject the sun's light through three or more cross prisms.

Newton.

Traject

TRAJ'ECT, noun A ferry; a passage, or place for passing water with boats.

Shak.

Trajecting

TRAJECT'ING, participle of the present tense Casting through.

Trajection

TRAJEC'TION, noun The act of casting or darting through.

Boyle.

2. Transportation.

3. Emission.

Brown.

Trajectory

TRAJECT'ORY, noun The orbit of a comet; the path described by a comet in its motion, which Dr. Halley supposes to be elliptical.

Cyc.

Tralation

TRALA'TION, noun [from Latin translatio.] A change in the use of a word, or the use of a word in a less proper, but more significant sense.

Bp. Hall.

Tralatitious

TRALATI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin translatus, transfero.] Metaphorical; not literal.

Tralatitiously

TRALATI'TIOUSLY, adverb Metaphorically; not in a literal sense.

Holder.

Tralineate

TRALIN'EATE, verb transitive [Latin trans and linea, line.] To deviate from any direction. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Tralucent

TRALU'CENT, adjective [Latin tralucens; trans and luceo.] Transparent; clear.

Davies.

Trammel

TRAM'MEL, noun [French tramail, a drag-net; tra and mail. In Spanish traba is a fetter, French entraves. This seems to be a different word.]

1. A kind of long net for catching birds or fishes.

The trammel differs not much from the shape of the bunt.

Carew.

2. A kind of shackles used for regulating the motions of a horse, and making him amble.

3. An iron hook, of various forms and sizes, used for hanging kettles and other vessels over the fire.

4. Trammels, in mechanics, a joiner's instrument for drawing ovals upon boards. One part consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles; the other is a beam carrying two pins which slide in those grooves, and also the describing pencil.

Cyc.

Trammel

TRAM'MEL, verb transitive [Spanish trabar, to join, to seize, to shackle. Qu.]

1. To catch; to intercept.

Shak.

2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle.

Trammeled

TRAM'MELED, participle passive Caught; confined; shackled.

2. In the manege, a horse is said to be trammeled, when he has blazes or white marks on the fore and hind foot of one side.

Cyc.

Trammeling

TRAM'MELING, participle of the present tense Catching; confining; shackling.

Tramontane

TRAMON'TANE, noun One living beyond the mountain; a stranger.

Tramontane

TRAMON'TANE, adjective [Italian tramontana; tra, Latin trans, beyond, and mons, mountain.]

Lying or being beyond the mountain; foreign; barbarous. The Italian painters apply this epithet to all such as live north of the Alps, as in Germany and France; and a north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call certain Italian canonists tramontane or ultramontane doctors; considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome.

Cyc.

Tramp

TRAMP, verb transitive [Swedish trampa.] To tread.

Tramp

TRAMP, verb intransitive To travel; to wander or stroll.

Tramper

TRAMP'ER, noun A stroller; a vagrant or vagabond.

Trample

TRAM'PLE, verb transitive [Greek trampeln, trampen; Danish tramper; Swedish trampa. If m is casual, as I suppose, these words are the Dutch trappen, to tread; trap, a step.]

1. To tread under foot; especially, to tread upon with pride, contempt, triumph or scorn.

Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet. Matthew 7.

2. To tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass.

3. To treat with pride, contempt and insult.

Trample

TRAM'PLE, verb intransitive To tread in contempt.

Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own.

Gov. of the Tongue.

2. To tread with force and rapidity.

Dryden.

Trample

TRAM'PLE, noun The act of treading under foot with contempt.

Milton.

Trampled

TRAM'PLED, participle passive Trod on; trodden under foot.

Trampler

TRAM'PLER, noun One that tramples; one that treads down.

Trampling

TRAM'PLING, participle of the present tense Treading under foot; prostrating by treading; treading with contempt and insult.

Tranation

TRANA'TION, noun [Latin trano.] The act of passing over by swimming. [Not in use.]

Trance

TR`ANCE, n. tr'ans. [French transe; supposed to be from the Latin transitus, a passing over; transeo, to pass over; trans and eo. The Latin trans seems to be the Welsh tra, Italian tra and tras, Spanish tras, and French tres, very; so that it may be inferred that n is not radical.]

An ecstasy; a state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into celestial regions, or to be rapt into visions.

My soul was ravish'd quite as in a trance.

Spenser.

While they made ready, he fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened. Acts 10.

Tranced

TR`ANCED, adjective Lying in a trance or ecstasy.

And there I left him tranc'd.

Shak.

Trangram

TRAN'GRAM, noun An odd thing intricately contrived. [It is said to be a cant word, and is not used.]

Arbuthnot.

Trannel, used by Moxon, is a mistake for tree-nail, pronounced by ship-builders, trunnel.

Tranquil

TRAN'QUIL, adjective [French tranquille; Latin tranquillus.]

Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated. The atmosphere is tranquil. The state is tranquil. A tranquil retirement is desirable; but a tranquil mind is essential to happiness.

Tranquilize

TRAN'QUILIZE, verb transitive To quiet; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind.

Religion haunts the imagination of the sinner, instead of tranquilizing his heart.

Rob. Hall.

Tranquilized

TRAN'QUILIZED, participle passive Quieted; calmed; composed.

Tranquilizing

TRAN'QUILIZING, participle of the present tense Quieting; composing.

Tranquillity

TRANQUIL'LITY, noun [Latin tranquillitas.] Quietness; a calm state; freedom from disturbance or agitation. We speak of the tranquillity of public affairs, of the state, of the world, the tranquillity of a retired life, the tranquillity of mind proceeding from conscious rectitude.

Tranquilly

TRAN'QUILLY, adverb Quietly; peacefully.

Tranquilness

TRAN'QUILNESS, noun Quietness; peacefulness.

Transact

TRANSACT', verb transitive [Latin transactus, transigo; trans and ago; to act or drive through.]

To do; to perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business. We transact business in person or by an agent.

Transacted

TRANSACT'ED, participle passive Done; performed; managed.

Transacting

TRANSACT'ING, participle of the present tense Managing; performing.

Transaction

TRANSAC'TION, noun The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair.

2. That which is done; an affair. We are not to expect in history a minute detail of every transaction.

3. In the civil law, an adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement.

Transactor

TRANSACT'OR, noun One who performs or conducts any business.

Derham.

Transalpine

TRANSAL'PINE, adjective [Latin trans, beyond, and Alpine, of the Alps.]

Lying or being beyond the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the north or west of the Alps; as Transalpine Gaul; opposed to Cisalpine.

Transanimate

TRANSAN'IMATE, verb transitive [trans and animate.]

To animate by the conveyance of a soul to another body.

King.

Transanimation

TRANSANIMA'TION, noun [Latin trans and anima.]

Conveyance of the soul from one body to another; transmigration. [The latter is the word generally used.]

Brown.

Transatlantic

TRANSATLAN'TIC, adjective [Latin trans, beyond, and Atlantic.]

Lying or being beyond the Atlantic. When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa. We apply it chiefly to something in Europe.

Transcend

TRANSCEND', verb transitive [Latin transcendo; trans and scando, to climb.]

1. To rise above; to surmount; as lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds.

2. To pass over; to go beyond.

It is a dangerous opinion to such hopes as shall transcend their limits.

Bacon.

3. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed.

How much her worth transcended all her kind.

Dryden.

Transcend

TRANSCEND', verb intransitive To climb. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Transcended

TRANSCEND'ED, participle passive Overpassed; surpassed; exceeded.

Transcendence

TRANSCEND'ENCE, or TRANSCEND'ENCY, noun Superior excellence; supereminence.

2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration.

Bacon.

Transcendent

TRANSCEND'ENT, adjective [Latin transcendens.] Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing others; as transcendent worth; transcendent valor.

Cloth'd with transcendent brightness.

Milton.

Transcendental

TRANSCENDENT'AL, adjective Supereminent; surpassing; others; as transcendental being or qualities.

Grew.

Transcendental quantities, among geometricians, are indeterminate ones, or such as cannot be expressed or fixed to any constant equation.

Transcendental curve, is such as cannot be defined by any algebraic equation, or of which, when it is expressed by an equation, one of the terms is a variable quantity.

Cyc.

Transcendently

TRANSCEND'ENTLY, adverb Very excellently; supereminently; by way of eminence.

The law of christianity is eminently and transcendently called the word of truth.

South.

Transcolate

TRANS'COLATE, verb transitive [Latin trans and colo, to strain.]

To strain; to cause to pass through a sieve or colander.

Harvey.

Transcribe

TRANSCRI'BE, verb transitive [Latin transcribo; trans, over, and scribo, to write.]

To copy; to write over again or in the same words; to write a copy of any thing; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.

Transcribed

TRANSCRI'BED, participle passive Copied.

Transcriber

TRANSCRI'BER, noun A copier; one who writes from a copy.

Addison.

Transcribing

TRANSCRI'BING, participle of the present tense Writing from a copy; writing a copy.

Transcript

TRAN'SCRIPT, noun [Latin transcriptum.] A copy; a writing made from and according to an original; a writing or composition consisting of the same words with the original.

The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript, not an original.

South.

2. A copy of any kind.

The Roman learning was a transcript of the Grecian.

Glanville.

Transcription

TRANSCRIP'TION, noun [French] The act of copying. Corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.

Transcriptively

TRANSCRIPT'IVELY, adverb In manner of a copy.

Brown.

Transcur

TRANSCUR', verb intransitive [Latin transcurro; trans and curro, to run.]

To run or rove to and fro. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Transcursion

TRANSCUR'SION, noun [supra.] A rambling or ramble; a passage beyond certain limits; extraordinary deviation; as the transcursion of a comet.

More.

I am to make often transcursions into the neighboring forests as I pass along.

Howell.

[NOTE. Excursion has in a great measure superseded this word.]

Transduction

TRANSDUC'TION, noun [Latin trans and duco.] The act of conveying over.

Entick.

Transe

TRANSE, noun Ecstasy. [See Trance.]

Transelementation

TRANSELEMENTA'TION, noun [trans and element.]

The change of the elements of one body into those of another, as of the bread and wine into the actual body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation.

Burnet.

Transept

TRAN'SEPT, noun [Latin trans and septum.] In ancient churches, the aisle extending across the nave and main aisles.

Cyc.

Transfer

TRANSFER', verb transitive [Latin transfero; trans and fero, to carry.]

1. To convey from one place or person to another; to transport or remove to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another. The seat of government was transferred from New York to Albany. We say, a war is transferred from France to Germany. Pain or the seat of disease in the body, is often transferred from one part to another.

2. To make over; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to sell; to give. The title to land is transferred by deed. The property of a bill of exchange may be transferred by indorsement. Stocks are transferred by assignment, or entering the same under the name of the purchaser in the proper books.

Transfer

TRANS'FER, noun The removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.

2. The conveyance of right, title or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, either by sale, by gift or otherwise.

Transferable

TRANSFER'ABLE, adjective That may be transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.

2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing. The stocks of the public and of companies are transferable.

Transferred

TRANSFER'RED, participle passive Conveyed from one to another.

Transferree

TRANSFERREE', noun The person to whom a transfer is made.

Hamilton.

Transferrer

TRANSFER'RER, noun One who makes a transfer or conveyance.

Transferring

TRANSFER'RING, participle of the present tense Removing from one place or person to another; conveying to another, as a right.

Transfiguration

TRANSFIGURA'TION, noun [French See Transfigure.]

1. A change of form; particularly, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount. See Matthew 17.

2. A feast held by the Romish church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned.

Cyc.

Transfigure

TRANSFIG'URE, verb transitive [Latin trans and figura; French transfigurer.]

To transform; to change the outward form or appearance.

Ã‚--And was transfigured before them. Matthew 17.

Transfigured

TRANSFIG'URED, participle passive Changed in form.

Transfiguring

TRANSFIG'URING, participle of the present tense Transforming; changing the external form.

Transfix

TRANSFIX', verb transitive [Latin transfixus, transfigo; trans and figo.]

To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; as, to transfix one with a dart or spear.

Dryden.

Transfixed

TRANSFIX'ED, participle passive Pierced through.

Transfixing

TRANSFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Piercing through with a pointed weapon.

Transform

TRANSFORM', verb transitive [French transformer; Latin trans and forma.]

1. To change the form of; to change the shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as a caterpillar transformed into a butterfly.

2. To change one substance into another; to transmute. The alchimists sought to transform lead into gold.

3. In theology, to change the natural disposition and temper of man from a state of enmity to God and his law, into the image of God, or into a disposition and temper conformed to the will of God.

Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Romans 12.

4. To change the elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ.

Romish Church.

5. Among the mystics, to change the contemplative soul into a divine substance, by which it is lost or swallowed up in the divine nature.

6. In algebra, to change an equation into another of a different form, but of equal value.

Transform

TRANSFORM', verb intransitive To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed.

His hair transforms to down.

Addison.

Transformation

TRANSFORMA'TION, noun The act or operation of changing the form or external appearance.

2. Metamorphosis; change of form in insects; as from a caterpillar to a butterfly.

3. Transmutation; the change of one metal into another, as of copper or tin into gold.

4. The change of the soul into a divine substance, as among the mystics.

5. Transubstantiation.

6. In theology, a change of heart in man, by which his disposition and temper are conformed to the divine image; a change from enmity to holiness and love.

7. In algebra, the change of an equation into one of a different form, but of equal value.

Cyc.

Transformed

TRANSFORM'ED, participle passive Changed in form or external appearance; metamorphosed; transmuted; renewed.

Transforming

TRANSFORM'ING, participle of the present tense Changing the form or external appearance; metamorphosing; transmuting; renewing.

2. adjective Effecting or able to effect a change of form or state; as the transforming power of true religion.

Transfreight

TRANSFREIGHT, v. i. transfra'te. To pass over the sea. [Not in use.]

Waterland.

Transfretation

TRANSFRETA'TION, noun [Latin trans and fretum, a strait.]

The passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Little used.]

Davies.

Transfuse

TRANSFUSE, v. t. transfu'ze. [Latin transfusus, transfundo; trans and fundo.]

1. To pour, as liquor, out of one vessel into another.

2. To transfer, as blood, from one animal to another.

3. To cause to pass from one to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism from one to another; to transfuse a love of letters.

Transfused

TRANSFU'SED, participle passive Poured from one vessel into another.

Transfusible

TRANSFU'SIBLE, adjective That may be transfused, &c.

Boyle.

Transfusing

TRANSFU'SING, participle of the present tense Pouring out of one vessel into another; transferring.

Transfusion

TRANSFUSION, n. transfu'zhon. The act of pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. In chimistry and pharmacy, transfusions of liquors are frequent.

Cyc.

2. The act or operation of transferring the blood of one animal into the vascular system of another by means of a tube.

Cyc.

Transgress

TRANSGRESS', verb transitive [French transgresser; Latin transgressus, transgredior; trans and gradior, to pass.]

1. To pass over or beyond any limit; to surpass.

Dryden.

2. In a moral sense, to overpass any rule prescribed as the limit of duty; to break or violate a law, civil or moral. To transgress a divine law, is sin. Legislators should not transgress laws of their own making.

Transgress

TRANSGRESS', verb intransitive To offend by violating a law; to sin. 1 Chronicles 2.

Transgressed

TRANSGRESS'ED, participle passive Overpassed; violated.

Transgressing

TRANSGRESS'ING, participle of the present tense Passing beyond; surpassing; violating; sinning.

Transgression

TRANSGRES'SION, noun [French] The act of passing over or beyond any law or rule of moral duty; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command.

He mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away. Ez. 10.

Forgive thy people all their transgressions. 1 Kings 8.

2. Fault; offense; crime.

Shak.

Transgressional

TRANSGRES'SIONAL, adjective That violates a law or rule of duty.

Transgressive

TRANSGRESS'IVE, adjective Faulty; culpable; apt to transgress.

Brown.

Transgressor

TRANSGRESS'OR, noun One who breaks a law or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner.

The way of transgressors is hard. Proverbs 13.

Transhape

TRANSHA'PE, verb transitive [trans and shape.] To transform. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Tranship

TRANSHIP', verb transitive [trans and ship.] To convey from one ship to another; a commercial word.

Transhipment

TRANSHIP'MENT, noun The act of transferring, as goods, from one ship to another.

Transhipped

TRANSHIP'PED, participle passive Carried from one ship to another.

Transhipping

TRANSHIP'PING, participle of the present tense Carrying from one ship to another.

Transient

TRANSIENT, a. tran'shent. [Latin transiens, transeo; trans and eo.]

1. Passing; not stationary; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable. How transient are the pleasures of this life!

Ã‚--Measur'd this transient world.

Milton.

2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; as a transient view of a landscape.

Transient person, a person that is passing or traveling through a place; one without a settled habitation.

Transiently

TRAN'SIENTLY, adverb [supra.] In passage; for a short time; not with continuance.

I touch here but transientlyÃ‚--on some few of those many rules of imitating nature, which Aristotle drew from Homer.

Dryden.

Transientness

TRAN'SIENTNESS, noun [supra.] Shortness of continuance; speedy passage.

Transilience

TRANSIL'IENCE, or TRANSIL'IENCY, noun [Latin transiliens, transilio; trans and salio.]

A leap from thing to thing. [Not much used.]

Glanville.

Transit

TRANS'IT, noun [Latin transitus, from transeo.]

1. A passing; a passing over or through; conveyance; as the transit of goods through a country.

2. In astronomy, the passing of one heavenly body over the disk of another and larger. I witnessed the transit of Venus over the sun's disk, June 3, 1769. When a smaller body passes behind a larger, it is said to suffer an occultation.

3. The passage of one heavenly body over the meridian of another.

Transit

TRANS'IT, verb transitive To pass over the disk of a heavenly body.

Cyc.

Transit-Duty

TRANS'IT-DUTY, noun A duty paid on goods that pass through a country.

Transition

TRANSI'TION, n. transizh'on. [Latin transitio.] Passage from one place or state to another; change; as the transition of the weather from hot to cold. Sudden transitions are sometimes attended with evil effects.

The spots are of the same color throughout, there being an immediate transition from white to black.

Woodward.

2. In rhetoric, a passing from one subject to another. This should be done by means of some connection in the parts of the discourse, so as to appear natural and easy.

He with transition sweet new speech resumes.

Milton.

3. In music, a change of key from major to minor, or the contrary; or in short, a change from any one genus or key to another; also, the softening of a disjunct interval by the introduction of intermediate sounds.

Cyc. Busby.

Transition rocks, in geology, rocks supposed to have been formed when the world was passing from an uninhabitable to a habitable state. These rocks contain few organic remains, and when they occur with others, lie immediately over those which contain none, and which are considered as primitive.

Werner. Cyc.

Transitive

TRANS'ITIVE, adjective Having the power of passing.

Bacon.

2. In grammar, a transitive verb is one which is or may be followed by an object; a verb expressing an action which passes from the agent to an object, from the subject which does, to the object on which it is done. Thus, "Cicero wrote letters to Atticus." In this sentence, the act of writing, performed by Cicero, the agent, terminates on letters, the object. All verbs not passive, may be arranged in two classes, transitive and intransitive. In English, this division is correct and complete.

Transitorily

TRANS'ITORILY, adverb [See Transitory.] With short continuance.

Transitoriness

TRANS'ITORINESS, noun A passing with short continuance; speedy departure or evanescence. Who is not convinced of the transitoriness of all sublunary happiness?

Transitory

TRANS'ITORY, adjective [Latin transitorius.] Passing without continuance; continuing a short time; fleeting; speedily vanishing.

O Lord, comfort and succor all them who, in this transitory life, are in trouble.

Com. Prayer.

2. In law, a transitory action, is one which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, detinue, slander and the like. It is opposed to local.

Blackstone.

Translatable

TRANSLA'TABLE, adjective [from translate.] Capable of being translated or rendered into another language.

Translate

TRANSLA'TE, verb transitive [Latin translatus, from transfero; trans, over, and fero, to bear; Spanish trasladar; Italian traslatare.]

1. To bear, carry or remove from one place to another. It is applied to the removal of a bishop from one see to another.

The bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him to a better bishop-rick, refused.

Camden.

2. To remove or convey to heaven, as a human being, without death.

By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death. Hebrews 16.

3. To transfer; to convey from one to another. 2 Samuel 3.

4. To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease.

5. To change.

Happy is your grace,

That can translate the stubbornness of fortune

Into so quiet and so sweet a style.

Shak.

6. To interpret; to render into another language; to express the sense of one language in the words of another. The Old Testament was translated into the Greek language more than two hundred years before Christ. The Scriptures are now translated into most of the languages of Europe and Asia.

7. To explain.

Translated

TRANSLA'TED, participle passive Conveyed from one place to another; removed to heaven without dying; rendered into another language.

Translating

TRANSLA'TING, participle of the present tense Conveying or removing from one place to another; conveying to heaven without dying; interpreting in another language.

Translation

TRANSLA'TION, noun [French from Latin translatio.]

1. The act of removing or conveying from one place to another; removal; as the translation of a disease from the foot to the breast.

2. The removal of a bishop from one see to another.

3. The removal of a person to heaven without subjecting him to death.

4. The act of turning into another language; interpretation; as the translation of Virgil or Homer.

5. That which is produced by turning into another language; a version. We have a good translation of the Scriptures.

Translative

TRANSLA'TIVE, adjective Taken from others.

Translator

TRANSLA'TOR, noun One who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another.

Translatory

TRANS'LATORY, adjective Transferring; serving to translate.

Arbuthnot.

Translatress

TRANSLA'TRESS, noun A female translator.

Translocation

TRANSLOCA'TION, noun [Latin trans and locatio, loco.]

Removal of things reciprocally to each others' places; or rather substitution of one thing for another.

There happened certain translocations of animal and vegetable substances at the deluge.

Woodward.

Translucency

TRANSLU'CENCY, noun [Latin translucens; trans, through, and luceo, to shine.]

1. The property of admitting rays of light to pass through, but not so as to render objects distinguishable.

Mineralogy.

2. Transparency.

Translucent

TRANSLU'CENT, adjective In mineralogy, transmitting rays of light, but not so as to render objects distinctly visible.

Cleaveland.

2. Transparent; clear.

Replenish'd from the cool translucent springs.

Pope.

Translucid

TRANSLU'CID, adjective [Latin translucidus, supra.]

Transparent; clear. [See Translucent.]

Bacon.

Transmarine

TRANSMARINE, adjective [Latin transmarinus; trans and marinus; mare, sea.] Lying or being beyond the sea.

Howell.

Transmew

TRANSMEW', verb transitive [French transmuer; Latin transmuto.]

To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Transmigrant

TRANS'MIGRANT, adjective [See Transmigrate.] Migrating; passing into another country or state for residence, or into another form or body.

Transmigrant

TRANS'MIGRANT, noun One who migrates or leaves his own country and passes into another for settlement.

Bacon.

2. One who passes into another state or body.

Transmigrate

TRANS'MIGRATE, verb intransitive [Latin transmigro; trans and migro, to migrate.]

1. To migrate; to pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residing in it; as men or families.

Brown.

2. To pass from one body into another.

Their souls may transmigrate into each other.

Howell.

Transmigrating

TRANS'MIGRATING, participle of the present tense Passing from one country, state or body into another.

Transmigration

TRANSMIGRA'TION, noun The passing of men from one country to another for the purpose of residence, particularly of a whole people.

2. The passing of a thing into another state, as of one substance into another.

Hooker.

3. The passing of the soul into another body, according to the opinion of Pythagoras.

Transmigrator

TRANS'MIGRATOR, noun One who transmigrates.

Ellis.

Transmigratory

TRANSMI'GRATORY, adjective Passing from one place, body or state to another.

Faber.

Transmissibility

TRANSMISSIBIL'ITY, noun [from transmissible.] The quality of being transmissible.

Transmissible

TRANSMIS'SIBLE, adjective [See Transmit.]

1. That may be transmitted or passed from one to another.

Blackstone. Burke.

2. That may be transmitted through a transparent body.

Transmission

TRANSMIS'SION, noun [French from Latin transmissio.]

1. The act of sending from one place or person to another; as the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news and the like, from one country to another; or the transmission of rights, titles or privileges from father to son, and from one generation to another.

Newton. Bacon.

2. The passing of a substance through any body, as of light through glass.

Transmissive

TRANSMIS'SIVE, adjective Transmitted; derived from one to another.

Itself a sun, it with transmissive light

Enlivens worlds denied to human sight.

Prior.

Transmit

TRANSMIT', verb transitive [Latin transmitto; trans and mitto, to send.]

1. To send from one person or place to another; as, to transmit a letter or a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money or bills of exchange from one city or country to another. Light is transmitted from the sun to the earth; sound is transmitted by means of vibrations of the air. Our civil and religious privileges have been transmitted to us from our ancestors; and it is our duty to transmit them to our children.

2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals transmit electricity.

Transmittal

TRANSMIT'TAL, noun Transmission.

Swift.

Transmitted

TRANSMIT'TED, participle passive Sent from one person or place to another; caused or suffered to pass through.

Transmitter

TRANSMIT'TER, noun One who transmits.

Transmittible

TRANSMIT'TIBLE, adjective That may be transmitted.

Transmitting

TRANSMIT'TING, participle of the present tense Sending from one person or place to another; suffering to pass through.

Transmutability

TRANSMUTABIL'ITY, noun [See Transmute.]

Susceptibility of change into another nature or substance.

Transmutable

TRANSMU'TABLE, adjective [from transmute.]

Capable of being changed into a different substance, or into something of a different form or nature.

The fluids and solids of an animal body are transmutable into one another.

Arbuthnot.

Transmutably

TRANSMU'TABLY, adverb With capacity of being changed into another substance or nature.

Transmutation

TRANSMUTA'TION, noun [Latin transmutatio.]

1. The change of any thing into another substance, or into something of a different nature. For a long time, the transmutation of base metals into gold was deemed practicable, but nature proved refractory, and the alchimists were frustrated.

2. In chimistry, the transmutation of one substance into another is very easy and common, as of water into gas or vapor, and of gases into water.

3. In geometry, the change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a different form; as of a triangle into a square.

Cyc.

4. The change of colors, as in the case of a decoction of the nephritic wood.

Cyc.

5. In the vegetable economy, the change of a plant into another form; as of wheat into chess, according to the popular opinion. [See Chess.]

Transmute

TRANSMU'TE, verb transitive [Latin transmuto; trans and muto, to change.]

To change from one nature or substance into another. Water may be transmuted into ice, and ice into water; the juices of plants are transmuted into solid substances; but human skill has not been able to transmute lead or copper into gold.

A holy conscience sublimates every thing; it transmutes the common affairs of life into acts of solemn worship to God.

J. M. Mason.

The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends, transmute us into idols.

Buckminster.

Transmuted

TRANSMU'TED, participle passive Changed into another substance or nature.

Transmuter

TRANSMU'TER, noun One that transmutes.

Transmuting

TRANSMU'TING, participle of the present tense Changing or transforming into another nature or substance.

Transom

TRAN'SOM, noun [Latin transenna, from trans, over, across.]

1. A beam or timber extended across the stern-post of a ship, to strengthen the aftpart and give it due form.

Mar. Dict.

2. In architecture, the piece that is framed across a double light window; or a lintel over a door; the vane of a cross-staff.

Cyc. Johnson.

Transpadane

TRANS'PADANE, adjective [Latin trans and Padus, the river Po.] Being beyond the river Po.

Stephens.

Transparency

TRANSPA'RENCY, noun [See Transparent.]

That state or property of a body by which it suffers rays of light to pass through it, so that objects can be distinctly seen through it; diaphaneity. This is a property of glass, water and air, which when clear, admit the free passage of light. Transparency is opposed to opakeness.

Transparent

TRANSPA'RENT, adjective [French id.; Latin trans and pareo, to appear.]

1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as transparent glass; a transparent diamond; opposed to opake.

2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as a transparent vail.

Dryden.

Transparently

TRANSPA'RENTLY, adverb Clearly; so as to be seen through.

Transparentness

TRANSPA'RENTNESS, noun The quality of being transparent; transparency.

Transpass

TRANSP'ASS, verb transitive [trans and pass.] To pass over. [Not in use.]

Gregory.

Transpass

TRANSP'ASS, verb intransitive To pass by or away. [Not in use.]

Daniel.

Transpicuous

TRANSPIC'UOUS, adjective [Latin trans and specio, to see.] Transparent; pervious to the sight.

The wide transpicuous air.

Milton.

Transpierce

TRANSPIERCE, v. t. transpers. [French transpercer.]

To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through.

His forceful spear the sides transpierc'd.

Dryden.

Transpierced

TRANSPIERCED, pp. transpers'ed. Pierced through; penetrated.

Transpiercing

TRANSPIERCING, ppr. transpers'ing. Penetrating; passing through.

Transpirable

TRANSPI'RABLE, adjective [French; from transpire.] Capable of being emitted through pores.

Transpiration

TRANSPIRA'TION, noun [French; from transpire.]

The act or process of passing off through the pores of the skin; cutaneous exhalation; as the transpiration of obstructed fluids.

Sharp.

Transpire

TRANSPI'RE, verb transitive [French transpirer; Latin transpiro; trans and spiro.]

To emit through the pores of the skin; to to send off in vapor.

Transpire

TRANSPI'RE, verb intransitive To be emitted through the pores of the skin; to exhale; to pass off in insensible perspiration; as, fluids transpire from the human body.

2. To escape from secrecy; to become public. The proceedings of the council have not yet transpired.

3. To happen or come to pass.

Transpiring

TRANSPI'RING, participle of the present tense Exhaling; passing off in insensible perspiration; becoming public.

Transplace

TRANSPLA'CE, verb transitive [trans and place.] To remove; to put in a new place.

It was transplaced from the left side of the Vatican to a more eminent place. [Little used.]

Wilkins.

Transplant

TRANSPLANT', verb transitive [French transplanter; trans and plant, Latin planto.]

1. To remove and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees.

2. To remove and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants. Salmaneser transplanted the Cuthites to Samaria.

3. To remove.

Clarendon. Milton.

Transplantation

TRANSPLANTA'TION, noun The act of transplanting; the removal of a plant or of a settled inhabitant to a different place for growth or residence.

2. Removal; conveyance from one to another. Formerly men believed in the transplantation of diseases.

Baker. Cyc.

Transplanted

TRANSPLANT'ED, participle passive Removed and planted or settled in another place.

Transplanter

TRANSPLANT'ER, noun One who transplants.

2. A machine for transplanting trees.

Transplanting

TRANSPLANT'ING, participle of the present tense Removing and planting or settling in another place.

Transplendency

TRANSPLEND'ENCY, noun [Latin trans and splendens. See Splendor.] Supereminent splendor.

More.

Transplendent

TRANSPLEND'ENT, adjective Resplendent in the highest degree.

Transplendently

TRANSPLEND'ENTLY, adverb With eminent splendor.

More.

Transport

TRANSPORT, verb transitive [Latin transporto; trans and porto, to carry.]

1. To carry or convey from one place to another, either by means of beasts or vehicles on land, or by ships in water, or by balloons in air; as, to transport the baggage of an army; to transport goods from one country to another; to transport troops over a river.

2. To carry into banishment, as a criminal. Criminals are transported as a punishment for their crimes, which often amounts to banishment.

3. To hurry or carry away by violence of passion.

They laugh as if transported with some fit Of passion.

Milton.

4. To ravish with pleasure; to bear away the soul in ecstasy; as, to be transported with joy.

Milton.

5. To remove from one place to another, as a ship by means of hawsers and anchors.

Mar. Dict.

Transport

TRANS'PORT, noun Transportation; carriage; conveyance.

The Romans stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships for transport and war.

Arbuthnot.

2. A ship or vessel employed for carrying soldiers, warlike stores or provisions from one place to another, or to convey convicts to the place of their destination.

3. Rapture; ecstasy. The news of victory was received with transports of joy.

4. A convict transported or sentenced to exile.

Transportable

TRANSPORTABLE, adjective That may be transported.

Beddoes.

Transportance

TRANSPORTANCE, noun Conveyance. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Transportation

TRANSPORTA'TION, noun The act of carrying or conveying from one place to another, either on beasts or in vehicles, by land or water, or in air. Goods in Asia are transported on camels; in Europe and America, either on beasts or on carriages or sleds. But transportation by water is the great means of commercial intercourse.

2. Banishment for felony.

3. Transmission; conveyance.

Dryden.

4. Transport; ecstasy. [Little used.]

South.

5. Removal from one country to another; as the transportation of plants.

Transported

TRANSPORTED, participle passive Carried; conveyed; removed; ravished with delight.

Transportedly

TRANSPORTEDLY, adverb In a state of rapture.

Transportedness

TRANSPORTEDNESS, noun A state of rapture.

Bp. Hall.

Transporter

TRANSPORTER, noun One who transports or removes.

Transporting

TRANSPORTING, participle of the present tense Conveying or carrying from one place to another; removing; banishing for a crime.

2. adjective Ravishing with delight; bearing away the soul in pleasure; extatic; as transporting joy.

Transportment

TRANSPORTMENT, noun Transportation. [Little used.]

Hall.

Transposal

TRANSPOSAL, n. transpo'zal. [from transpose.]

The act of changing the places of things, and putting each in the place which was before occupied by the other.

Transpose

TRANSPOSE, v. t. transpo'ze. [French transposer; trans and poser, to put.]

1. To change the place or order of things by putting each in the place of the other; as, to transpose letters, words or propositions.

Locke.

2. To put out of place.

Shak.

3. In algebra, to bring any term of an equation over to the other side. Thus if a+b=c, and we make a=cÃ‚--b, then b is said to be transposed.

4. In grammar, to change the natural order of words.

5. In music, to change the key.

Transposed

TRANSPO'SED, participle passive Being changed in place and one put in the place of the other.

Transposing

TRANSPO'SING, participle of the present tense Changing the place of things and putting each in the place of the other.

2. Bringing any term of an equation over to the other side.

3. Changing the natural order of words.

Transposition

TRANSPOSI'TION, noun [French from Latin transpositio.]

1. A changing of the places of things and putting each in the place before occupied by the other; as the transposition of words in a sentence.

2. The state of being reciprocally changed in place.

Woodward.

3. In algebra, the bringing of any term of an equation to the other side.

4. In grammar, a change of the natural order of words in a sentence. The Latin and Greek languages admit transposition without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.

5. In music, a change in the composition, either in the transcript or the performance, by which the whole is removed into another key.

Busby.

Transpositional

TRANSPOSI'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to transposition.

Pegge.

Transpositive

TRANSPOS'ITIVE, adjective Made by transposing; consisting in transposition.

Transubstantiate

TRANSUBSTAN'TIATE, verb transitive [French transubstantier; trans and substance.]

To change to another substance; as, to transubstantiate the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ, according to the popish doctrine.

Transubstantiation

TRANSUBSTANTIA'TION, noun Change of substance. In the Romish theology, the supposed conversion of the bread and wine in the cucharist, into the body and blood of Christ.

Cyc.

Transubstantiator

TRANSUBSTAN'TIATOR, noun One who maintains the popish doctrine of transubstantiation.

Barrow.

Transudation

TRANSUDA'TION, noun [from transude.]

The act or process of passing off through the pores of a substance; as sweat or other fluid.

Boyle.

Transudatory

TRANSU'DATORY, adjective Passing by transudation.

Transude

TRANSU'DE, verb intransitive [Latin trans and sudo, to sweat.]

To pass through the pores or interstices of texture, as perspirable matter or other fluid; as, liquor may transude through lether, or through wood.

Transuding

TRANSU'DING, participle of the present tense Passing through the pores of a substance, as sweat or other fluid.

Transume

TRANSU'ME, verb transitive [Latin transumo; trans and sumo, to take.] To take from one to another. [Little used.]

Transumpt

TRANSUMPT', noun A copy or exemplification of a record. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Transumption

TRANSUMP'TION, noun The act of taking from one place to another. [Little used.]

South.

Transvection

TRANSVEC'TION, noun [Latin transvectio.] The act of conveying or carrying over.

Transversal

TRANSVERS'AL, adjective [French from Latin trans and versus.]

Running or lying across; as a transversal line.

Hale.

Transversally

TRANSVERS'ALLY, adverb In a direction crosswise.

Wilkins.

Transverse

TRANSVERSE, a. transvers'. [Latin transversus; trans and versus, verto.]

1. Lying or being across or in a cross direction; as a transverse diameter or axis. Transverse lines are the diagonals of a square or parallelogram. Lines which intersect perpendiculars, are also called transverse.

2. In botany, a transverse partition, in a pericarp, is at right angles with the valves, as in a silique.

Martyn.

Transverse

TR'ANSVERSE, noun The longer axis of an ellipse.

Transverse

TRANSVERSE, v. t. transvers'. To overturn. [Little used.]

Transversely

TRANSVERSELY, adv. transvers'ly. In a cross direction; as, to cut a thing transversely.

At Stonehenge, the stones lie transversely upon each other.

Stillingfleet.

Tranters

TRAN'TERS, n. plu. Men who carry fish from the sea coast to sell in the inland countries. [Not American.]

Bailey.

Trap

TRAP, noun [Saxon trapp, trepp; French trape; Italian trapola; Spanish trampa.]

1. An engine that shuts suddenly or with a spring, used for taking game; as a trap for foxes. A trap is a very different thing from a snare; though the latter word may be used in a figurative sense for a trap.

2. An engine for catching men. [Not used in the U. States.]

3. An ambush; a stratagem; any device by which men or other animals may be caught unawares.

Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Romans 11.

4. A play in which a ball is driven with a stick.

Trap

TRAP, noun [Swedish trappa, Danish trappe, a stair or stairs.]

In mineralogy, a name given to rocks characterized by a columnar form, or whose strata or beds have the form of steps or a series of stairs. Kirwan gives this name to two families of basalt. It is now employed to designate a rock or aggregate in which hornblend predominates, but it conveys no definite idea of any one species; and under this term are comprehended hornblend, hornblend slate, greenstone, greenstone slate, amygdaloid, basalt, wacky, clinkstone porphyry, and perhaps hypersthene rock, augite rock, and some varieties of sienite.

Cleaveland.

Trap

TRAP, verb transitive To catch in a trap; as, to trap foxes or beaver.

2. To ensnare; to take by stratagem.

I trapp'd the foe.

Dryden.

3. To adorn; to dress with ornaments. [See Trappings.] [The verb is little used.]

Spenser.

Trap

TRAP, verb intransitive To set traps for game; as, to trap for beaver.

Trapan

TRAPAN', verb transitive [Saxon treppan; from trap.] To ensnare; to catch by stratagem.

South.

Trapan

TRAPAN', noun A snare; a stratagem.

Trapanner

TRAPAN'NER, noun One who ensnares.

Trapanning

TRAPAN'NING, participle of the present tense Ensnaring.

Trap-Door

TRAP'-DOOR, noun [trap and door.] A door in a floor, which shuts close like a valve.

Ray.

Trape

TRAPE, verb intransitive To traipse;. to walk carelessly and sluttishly. [Not much used.]

Trapes

TRAPES, noun A slattern; an idle sluttish woman.

Trapezian

TRAPE'ZIAN, adjective [See Trapezium.] In crystalography, having the lateral planes composed of trapeziums situated in two ranges, between two bases.

Trapeziform

TRAPE'ZIFORM, adjective Having the form of a trapezium.

Trapezihedron

TRAPEZIHE'DRON, noun [Latin trapezium and Greek, side.]

A solid bounded by twenty four equal and similar trapeziums.

Cleaveland.

Trapezium

TRAPE'ZIUM, noun plu. trapezia or trapeziums. [Latin from Greek, a little table.]

1. In geometry, a plane figure contained under four unequal right lines, none of them parallel.

Cyc.

2. In anatomy, a bone of the carpus.

Trapezoid

TRAPEZOID', noun [Latin trapezium and Greek.]

An irregular solid figure having four sides, no two of which are parallel to each other; also, a plane four sided figure having two of the opposite sides parallel to each other.

Cyc. Olmsted.

Trapezoidal

TRAPEZOID'AL, adjective Having the form of a trapezoid.

2. Having the surface composed of twenty four trapeziums, all equal and similar.

Cleaveland.

Trappings

TRAP'PINGS, n. plu. [from trap. The primary sense is that which is set, spread or put on.]

1. Ornaments of horse furniture.

Caparisons and steeds,

Bases and tinsel trappingsÃ‚--

Milton.

2. Ornaments; dress; external and superficial decorations.

These but the trappings and the suits of woe.

Shak.

Trappings of life, for ornament, not use.

Dryden.

Affectation is part of the trappings of folly.

Rambler.

Trappous

TRAP'POUS, adjective [from trap, in geology. It ought to be trappy.]

Pertaining to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its form or qualities.

Kirwan.

Trap-Stick

TRAP'-STICK, noun A stick with which boys drive a wooden ball; hence, a slender leg.

Addison.

Trap-Tuff

TRAP'-TUFF, noun Masses of basalt, amygdaloid, hornblend, sandstones, &c., cemented.

Ure.

Trash

TRASH, noun [In German drÃƒ-¼se is a gland; drusen, dregs. In Swedish trasa is a rag. The word may be allied to thrash.]

1. Any waste or worthless matter.

Who steals my money, steals trash.

Shak.

2. Loppings of trees; bruised canes, &c. In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field-trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane-trash; and both are called trash.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

3. Fruit or other matter improper for food, but eaten by children, &c. It is used particularly of unripe fruits.

4. A worthless person. [Not proper.]

Shak.

5. A piece of lether or other thing fastened to a dog's neck to retard his speed.

Trash

TRASH, verb transitive To lop; to crop.

Warburton.

2. To strip of leaves; as, to trash ratoons.

Edwards, Welsh Indies.

3. To crush; to humble; as, to trash the Jews.

Hammond.

4. To clog; to encumber; to hinder.

Shak.

Trash

TRASH, verb intransitive To follow with violence and trampling.

Todd.

Trashy

TRASH'Y, adjective Waste; rejected; worthless; useless.

Dryden.

Trass

TRASS, noun Pumiceous conglomerate, a volcanic production; a gray or yellowish porous substance:

Traulism

TRAU'LISM, noun A stammering. [Not in use.]

Traumatic

TRAUMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, a wound.]

1. Pertaining to or applied to wounds.

Coxe.

2. Vulnerary; adapted to the cure of wounds.

Wiseman.

Traumatic

TRAUMAT'IC, noun A medicine useful in the cure of wounds.

Travail

TRAV'AIL, verb intransitive [French travailler; Welsh travaelu, to toil; a compound of Welsh tra, that is, tras, Latin trans, over, beyond, and mael, work, moil; Italian travagliare; Spanish trabajar.]

1. To labor with pain; to toil.

2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor. Genesis 35.

Travail

TRAV'AIL, verb transitive To harass; to tire; as troubles sufficient to travail the realm. [Not in use.]

Hayward.

Travail

TRAV'AIL, noun Labor with pain; severe toil.

As every thing of price, so doth this require travail. Obs.

Hooker.

2. Labor in childbirth; as a severe travail; an easy travail.

Travailing

TRAV'AILING, participle of the present tense Laboring with toil; laboring in childbirth. Isaiah 42.

Trave

TRAVE, or TRAV'IS, noun [Spanish traba; French entraves. See Trammel.]

1. A wooden frame to confine a horse while the smith is setting his shoes. This is not used for horses in America, but a similar frame is used for confining oxen for shoeing.

2. Beam; a lay of joists; a traverse.

Wood.

Travel

TRAV'EL, verb intransitive [a different orthography and application of travail.]

1. To walk; to go or march on foot; as, to travel from London to Dover, or from New York to Philadelphia. So we say, a man ordinarily travels three miles an hour. [This is the proper sense of the word, which implies toil.]

2. To journey; to ride to a distant place in the same country; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling to Virginia. A man traveled from London to Edinburgh in five days.

3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or kingdoms, either by sea or land. It is customary for men of rank and property to travel for improvement. Englishmen travel to France and Italy. Some men travel for pleasure or curiosity; others travel to extend their knowledge of natural history.

4. To pass; to go; to move. News travels with rapidity.

Time travels in divers paces with divers persons.

Shak.

5. To labor. [See Travail.]

6. To move, walk or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or camel. A horse travels fifty miles in a day; a camel, twenty.

Travel

TRAVEL, verb transitive To pass; to journey over; as, to travel the whole kingdom of England.

I travel this profound.

Milton.

2. To force to journey.

The corporationsÃ‚--shall not be traveled forth from their franchises. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Travel

TRAV'EL, noun A passing on foot; a walking.

2. Journey; a passing or riding from place to place.

His travels ended at his country seat.

Dryden.

3. Travel or travels, a journeying to a distant country or countries. The gentleman has just returned from his travels.

4. The distance which a man rides in the performance of his official duties; or the fee paid for passing that distance; as the travel of the sherif is twenty miles; or that of a representative is seventy miles. His travel is a dollar for every twenty miles.

U. States.

5. Travels, in the plural, an account of occurrences and observations made during a journey; as a book of travels; the title of a book that relates occurrences in traveling; as travels in Italy.

6. Labor; toil; labor in childbirth. [See Travail.]

Traveled

TRAV'ELED, participle passive Gained or made by travel; as traveled observations. [Unusual.]

Quart. Rev.

2. adjective Having made journeys.

Wotton.

Traveler

TRAV'ELER, noun One who travels in any way. Job 31.

2. One who visits foreign countries.

3. In ships, an iron thimble or thimbles with a rope spliced round them, forming a kind of tail or a species of grommet.

Mar. Dict.

Traveling

TRAV'ELING, participle of the present tense Walking; going; making a journey. Matthew 25.

2. adjective Incurred by travel; as traveling expenses.

3. Paid for travel; as traveling fees.

Travel-Tainted

TRAV'EL-TAINTED, adjective [travel and tainted.]

Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Travers

TRAV'ERS, adverb [French See Traverse.] Across; athwart. [Not used.]

Shak.

Traversable

TRAV'ERSABLE, adjective [See Traverse, in law.] That may be traversed or denied; as a traversable allegation.

Traverse

TRAV'ERSE, adverb [French a travers.] Athwart; crosswise.

The ridges of the field lay traverse.

Hayward.

Traverse

TRAV'ERSE, prep. [supra.] Through crosswise.

He traverse

The whole battalion views their order due. [Little used.]

Milton.

Traverse

TRAV'ERSE, adjective [French traverse; tra, tras, and Latin versus; transversus.]

Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as paths cut with traverse trenches.

Hayward.

OakÃ‚--may be trusted in traverse work for summers.

Wotton.

Traverse

TRAV'ERSE, noun [supra.] Any thing laid or built across.

There is a traverse placed in the loft where she sitteth.

Bacon.

2. Something that thwarts, crosses or obstructs; a cross accident. He is satisfied he should have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not in his power.

3. In fortification, a trench with a little parapet for protecting men on the flank; also, a wall raised across a work.

Cyc.

4. In navigation, traverse-sailing is the mode of computing the place of a ship by reducing several short courses made by sudden shifts or turns, to one longer course.

Dutch Olmsted.

5. In law, a denial of what the opposite party has advanced in any stage of the pleadings. When the traverse or denial comes from the defendant, the issue is tendered in this manner, "and of this he puts himself on the country." When the traverse lies on the plaintif, he prays "this may be inquired of by the country."

Blackstone.

The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows.

6. A turning; a trick.

Traverse

TRAV'ERSE, verb transitive To cross; to lay in a cross direction.

The parts should be often traversed or crossed by the flowing of the folds.

Dryden.

2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart; to obstruct.

Frog thought to traverse this new project.

Arbuthnot.

3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe.

What seas you travers'd, and what fields you fought.

Pope.

4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully.

My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles and properties of this detestable vice, ingratitude.

South.

5. To turn and point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon.

Cyc.

6. To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board.

Cyc.

7. In law pleadings, to deny what the opposite party has alledged. When the plaintif or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. So to traverse an indictment or an office, is to deny it.

To traverse a yard, in sailing, is to brace it aft.

Traverse

TRAV'ERSE, verb intransitive In fencing, to use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction.

To see thee fight, to see thee traverseÃ‚--

Shak.

2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel. The needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide.

3. In the manege, to cut the tread crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other.

Cyc.

Traverse-Board

TRAV'ERSE-BOARD, noun [traverse and board.]

In a ship, a small board to be hung in the steerage, and bored full of holes upon lines, showing the points of compass upon it. By moving a peg on this, the steers-man keeps an account of the number of glasses a ship is steered on any point.

Cyc. Mar. Dict.

Traverse-Table

TRAV'ERSE-TABLE, noun [traverse and table.]

In navigation, a table of difference of latitude and departure.

Traversing

TRAV'ERSING, participle of the present tense Crossing; passing over; thwarting; turning; denying.

Travestied

TRAV'ESTIED, participle passive Disguised by dress; turned into ridicule.

Travestin

TRAV'ESTIN, noun [Italian travestino.] A kind of white spongy stone found in Italy.

Ed. Encyc.

Travesty

TRAV'ESTY, adjective [infra.] Having an unusual dress; disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous. It is applied to a book or composition translated in a manner to make it burlesk.

Travesty

TRAV'ESTY, noun A parody; a burlesk translation of a work. Travesty may be intended to ridicule absurdity, or to convert a grave performance into a humorous one.

Travesty

TRAV'ESTY, verb transitive [French travestir; Italian travestire; tra, tras, over, and French vestir, vÃƒ-ªtir, to clothe.]

To translate into such language as to render ridiculous or ludicrous.

German Battista Lalli travestied Virgil, or turned him into Italian burlesk verse.

Cyc. Good's Sacred Idyls.

Tray

TRAY, noun [Swedish trÃƒ-¥g, Saxon trog, Danish trug, a trough. It is the same word as trough, differently written; Latin trua.]

A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a piece of timber and made hollow, used for making bread in, chopping meat and other domestic purposes.

Tray-Trip

TRA'Y-TRIP, noun A kind of play.

Shak.

Treacher

TRE'ACHER, or TRE'ACHETOUR, or TRE'ACHOUR, noun [French tricheur.] A traitor. Obs.

Spenser.

Treacherous

TREACHEROUS, a. trech'erous. [See Treachery.]

Violating allegiance or faith pledged; faithless; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust. A man may be treacherous to his country, or treacherous to his friend, by violating his engagements or his faith pledged.

Treacherously

TREACHEROUSLY, adv. trech'erously. By violating allegiance or faith pledged; by betraying a trust; faithlessly; perfidiously; as, to surrender a fort to an enemy treacherously; to disclose a secret treacherously.

You treacherously practic'd to undo me.

Otway.

Treacherousness

TREACHEROUSNESS, n. trech'erousness. Breach of allegiance or of faith; faithlessness; perfidiousness.

Treachery

TREACHERY, n. trech'ery. [French tricherie, a cheating; tricher, to cheat. This word is of the family of trick, intrigue, intricate.]

Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence. The man who betrays his country in any manner, violates his allegiance, and is guilty of treachery. This is treason. The man who violates his faith pledged to his friend, or betrays a trust in which a promise of fidelity is implied, is guilty of treachery. The disclosure of a secret committed to one in confidence, is treachery. This is perfidy.

Treacle

TRE'ACLE, noun [French theriaque; Italian teriaca; Spanish triaca; Latin theriaca; Greek, from, a wild beast;.]

1. The spume of sugar in sugar refineries. Treacle is obtained in refining sugar; melasses is the drainings of crude sugar. Treacle however is often used for melasses.

2. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore, &c.

Cyc.

3. A medicinal compound of various ingredients. [See Theriaca.]

Treacle-Mustard

TRE'ACLE-MUSTARD, noun A plant of the genus Thlaspi, whose seeds are used in the theriaca; Mithridate mustard.

Cyc.

Treacle-Water

TRE'ACLE-WATER, noun A compound cordial, distilled with a spiritous menstruum from any cordial and sudorific drugs and herbs, with a mixture of Venice treacle.

Cyc.

Tread

TREAD, v. i. tred. pret. trod; pp. trod, trodden. [Saxon troedan, tredan; Gothic trudan; Dutch tred, a step; treeden, to tread; German treten; Danish troeder; Swedish trÃƒ-¥da; Gaelic, troidh, the foot; Welsh troed, the foot; troediaw, to use the foot, to tread. It coincides in elements with Latin trudo.]

1. To set the foot.

Where'er you tread, the blushing flow'rs shall rise.

Pope.

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.

Burke.

2. To walk or go.

Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread, shall be yours. Deuteronomy 11.

3. To walk with form or state.

Ye that stately tread, or lowly creep.

Milton.

4. To copulate, as fowls.

Shak.

To tread or tread on, to trample; to set the foot on in contempt.

Thou shalt tread upon their high places. Deuteronomy 33.

Tread

TREAD, v. t. tred. To step or walk on.

Forbid to treat the promis'd land he saw.

Prior.

2. To press under the feet.

3. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well trodden path.

4. To walk in a formal or stately manner.

He thought she trod the ground with greater grace.

Dryden.

5. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred, or to subdue. Psalm 44, 60.

6. To compress, as a fowl.

To tread the stage, to act as a stage-player; to perform a part in a drama.

To tread or tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses.

They tread their wine presses and suffer thirst. Job 24.

Tread

TREAD, n. tred. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; as a nimble tread; cautious tread; doubtful tread.

Milton. Dryden.

2. Way; track; path. [Little used.]

Shak.

3. Compression of the male fowl.

4. Manner of stepping; as, a horse has a good tread.

Treader

TREADER, n. tred'er. One who treads. Isaiah 16.

Treading

TREADING, ppr. tred'ing. Stepping; pressing with the foot; walking on.

Treadle

TREADLE, or TRED'DLE, noun The part of a loom or other machine which is moved by the tread or foot.

2. The albuminous cords which unite the yelk of the egg to the white.

Treague

TREAGUE, n. treeg. [Gothic triggwa; Italian tregua; Icelandic trigd, a truce, a league.] A truce. Obs.

Spenser.

Treason

TREASON, n. tree'zn. [French trahison; Norm. trahir, to draw in, to betray, to commit treason, French trahir, Latin traho. See Draw and Drag.]

Treason is the highest crime of a civil nature of which a man can be guilty. Its signification is different in different countries. In general, it is the offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power. In monarchies, the killing of the king, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the prince, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent of the crown, is high treason; as are many other offenses created by statute.

In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

Constitution of U. States.

Treason in Great Britain, is of two kinds, high treason and petit treason. High treason is a crime that immediately affects the king or state; such as the offenses just enumerated. Petit treason involves a breach of fidelity, but affects individuals. Thus for a wife to kill her husband, a servant his master or lord, or an ecclesiastic his lord or ordinary, is petit treason. But in the United States this crime is unknown; the killing in the latter cases being murder only.

Treasonable

TREASONABLE, a. tree'znable. Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt.

Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices.

Clarendon.

Treasonous

TREASONOUS, for treasonable, is not in use.

Treasure

TREASURE, n. trezh'ur. [French tresor; Spanish Italian tesauro; Latin thesaurus; Greek.]

1. Wealth accumulated; particularly, a stock or store of money in reserve. Henry VII. was frugal and penurious, and collected a great treasure of gold and silver.

2. A great quantity of any thing collected for future use.

We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey. Jeremiah 41.

3. Something very much valued. Psalm 135.

Ye shall be a peculiar treasure to me. Exodus 19.

4. Great abundance.

In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. Colossians 2.

Treasure

TREASURE, v. t. trezh'ur. To hoard; to collect and reposit, either money or other things, for future use; to lay up; as, to treasure gold and silver; usually with up. Sinners are said to treasure up wrath against the day of wrath. Romans 2.

Treasure-City

TREASURE-CITY, n. trezh'ur-city. A city for stores and magazines. Exodus 1.

Treasured

TREASURED, pp. trezh'ured. Hoarded; laid up for future use.

Treasure-House

TREASURE-HOUSE, n. trezh'ur-house. A house or building where treasures and stores are kept.

Taylor.

Treasurer

TREASURER, n. trezh'urer. One who has the care of a treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders drawn by the proper authority. Incorporated companies and private societies have also their treasurers.

In England, the lord high treasurer is the principal officer of the crown, under whose charge is all the national revenue.

The treasurer of the household, in the absence of the lord-steward, has power with the controller and other officers of the Green-cloth, and the steward of the Marshalsea, to hear and determine treasons, felonies and other crimes committed within the king's palace. There is also the treasurer of the navy, and the treasurers of the county.

Cyc.

Treasurership

TREASURERSHIP, n. trezh'urership. The office of treasurer.

Treasuress

TREASURESS, n. trezh'uress. A female who has charge of a treasure.

Dering.

Treasure-Trove

TREASURE-TROVE, n. trezh'ur-trove. [treasure and French trouvÃƒ-©, found.]

Any money, bullion and the like, found in the earth, the owner of which is not known.

Law.

Treasury

TREASURY, n. trezh'ury. A place or building in which stores of wealth are reposited; particularly, a place where the public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government.

2. A building appropriated for keeping public money. John 8.

3. The officer or officers of the treasury department.

4. A repository of abundance. Psalm 135.

Treat

TREAT, verb transitive [French traiter; Italian trattare; Spanish tratar; Latin tracto; Saxon trahtian.]

1. To handle; to manage; to use. Subjects are usually faithful or treacherous, according as they are well or ill treated. To treat prisoners ill, is the characteristic of barbarians. Let the wife of your bosom be kindly treated.

2. To discourse on. This author treats various subjects of morality.

3. To handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.

4. To entertain without expense to the guest.

5. To negotiate; to settle; as, to treat a peace. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

6. To manage in the application of remedies; as, to treat a disease or a patient.

Treat

TREAT, verb intransitive To discourse; to handle in writing or speaking; to make discussions. Cicero treats of the nature of the gods; he treats of old age and of duties.

2. To come to terms of accommodation.

Inform us, will the emp'ror treat?

Swift.

3. To make gratuitous entertainment. It is sometimes the custom of military officers to treat when first elected.

To treat with, to negotiate; to make and receive proposals for adjusting differences. Envoys were appointed to treat with France, but without success.

Treat

TREAT, noun An entertainment given; as a parting treat.

Dryden.

2. Something given for entertainment; as a rich treat.

3. Emphatically, a rich entertainment.

Treatable

TRE'ATABLE, adjective Moderate; not violent.

The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us. [Not in use.]

Temple.

Treatably

TRE'ATABLY, adverb Moderately. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Treated

TRE'ATED, participle passive Handled; managed; used; discoursed on; entertained.

Treater

TRE'ATER, noun One that treats; one that handles or discourses on; one that entertains.

Treating

TRE'ATING, participle of the present tense Handling; managing; using; discoursing on; entertaining.

Treatise

TRE'ATISE, noun [Latin tractatus.] A tract; a written composition on a particular subject, in which the principles of it are discussed or explained. A treatise is of an indefinite length; but it implies more form and method than an essay, and less fullness or copiousness than a system.

Cyc.

Treatiser

TRE'ATISER, noun One who writes a treatise. [Not used.]

Featley.

Treatment

TRE'ATMENT, noun [French traitement.] Management; manipulation; manner of mixing or combining, of decomposing and the like; as the treatment of substances in chimical experiments.

2. Usage; manner of using; good or bad behavior towards.

Accept such treatment as a swain affords.

Pope.

3. Manner of applying remedies to cure; mode or course pursued to check and destroy; as the treatment of a disease.

4. Manner of applying remedies to; as the treatment of a patient.

Treaty

TRE'ATY, noun [French traitÃƒ-©; Italian trattato.] Negotiation; act of treating for the adjustment of differences, or for forming an agreement; as, a treaty is on the carpet.

He cast by treaty and by trains

Her to persuade.

Spenser.

2. An agreement, league or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns or the supreme power of each state. Treaties are of various kinds, as treaties for regulating commercial intercourse, treaties of alliance, offensive and defensive, treaties for hiring troops, treaties of peace, &c.

3. Intreaty. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Treaty-Making

TRE'ATY-MAKING, adjective The treaty-making power is lodged in the executive government. In monarchies, it is vested in the king or emperor; in the United States of America, it is vested in the president, by and with the consent of the senate.

Treble

TREBLE, a. trib'l. [French triple; Latin triplex, triplus; tres, three, and plexus, fold. This should be written trible.]

1. Threefold; triple; as a lofty tower with treble walls.

Dryden.

2. In music, acute; sharp; as a treble sound.

Bacon.

3. That plays the highest part or most acute sounds; that plays the treble; as a treble violin.

Cyc.

Treble

TREBLE, n. trib'l. In music, the part of a symphony whose sounds are highest or most acute. This is divided into first or highest treble, and second or base treble.

Cyc.

Treble

TREBLE, v. t. trib'l. [Latin triplico; French tripler.]

To make thrice as much; to make threefold. Compound interest soon trebles a debt.

Treble

TREBLE, v. i. trib'l. To become threefold. A debt at compound interest soon trebles in amount.

Trebleness

TREBLENESS, n. trib'lness. The state of being treble; as the trebleness of tones.

Bacon.

Trebly

TREBLY, adv. trib'ly. In a threefold number or quantity; as a good deed trebly recompensed.

Tree

TREE, noun [Saxon treo, treow; Danish troe; Swedish tr?, wood, and tr?d, a tree; Greek; Slav. drevo. Qu. Welsh dar, an oak; Sanscrit taru, a tree. It is not easy to ascertain the real original orthography; most probably it was as in the Swedish or Greek.]

1. The general name of the largest of the vegetable kind, consisting of a firm woody stem springing from woody roots, and spreading above into branches which terminate in leaves. A tree differs from a shrub principally in size, many species of trees growing to the highth of fifty or sixty feet, and some species to seventy or eighty, and a few, particularly the pine, to a much greater highth.

Trees are of various kinds; as nuciferous, or nut-bearing trees; bacciferous, or berry-bearing; coniferous, or cone-bearing, &c. Some are forest-trees, and useful for timber or fuel; others are fruittrees, and cultivated in gardens and orchards; others are used chiefly for shade and ornament.

2. Something resembling a tree, consisting of a stem or stalk and branches; as a genealogical tree.

3. In ship-building, pieces of timber are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees, tressel-trees, &c.

4. In Scripture, a cross.

Ã‚--Jesus, whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts 10.

5. Wood. Obs.

Wickliffe.

Tree-Frog

TREE'-FROG, noun [tree and frog.] A species of frog, the Rana arborea, found on trees and shrubs; called by the older writers, Ranunculus viridis.

Cyc.

Tree-Germander

TREE-GERMANDER, noun A plant of the genus Teucrium.

Cyc.

Tree-Louse

TREE'-LOUSE, noun [tree and louse.] An insect of the genus Aphis.

Tree-Moss

TREE'-MOSS, noun A species of lichen.

Cyc.

Treen

TREEN, adjective Wooden; made of wood. Obs.

Camden.

Treen

TREEN, noun The old plural of tree. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Tree-Nail

TREE'-NAIL, noun [tree and nail; commonly pronounced trunnel.]

A long wooden pin, used in fastening the planks of a ship to the timbers.

Mar. Dict.

Tree-of-Life

TREE-OF-LIFE, noun An evergreen tree of the genus Thuja.

Tree-Toad

TREE'-TOAD, noun [tree and toad.] A small species of toad in N. America, found on trees. This animal croaks chiefly in the evening and after a rain.

Trefoil

TRE'FOIL, noun [French trÃƒ-©fle; Latin trifolium; tres, three, and folium, leaf.]

The common name for many plants of the genus Trifolium; also, in agriculture, a name of the medicago tupulina, a plant resembling clover, with yellow flowers, much cultivated for hay and fodder.

Cyc.

Treillage

TREILLAGE, n. trel'lage. [French from treillis, trellis.]

In gardening, a sort of rail-work, consisting of light posts and rails for supporting espaliers, and sometimes for wall trees.

Cyc.

Trellis

TREL'LIS, noun [French treillis, grated work.] In gardening, a structure or frame of cross-barred work, or lattice work, used like the treillage for supporting plants.

Trellised

TREL'LISED, adjective Having a trellis or trellises.

Herbert.

Tremble

TREM'BLE, verb intransitive [French trembler; Latin tremo; Greek; Italian tremare; Spanish tremer.]

1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder.

Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke.

Dryden.

2. To shake; to quiver; to totter.

Sinai's gray top shall tremble.

Milton.

3. To quaver; to shake, as sound; as when we say, the voice trembles.

Tremblement

TREM'BLEMENT, noun In French music, a trill or shake.

Trembler

TREM'BLER, noun One that trembles.

Trembling

TREM'BLING, participle of the present tense Shaking, as with fear, cold or weakness; quaking; shivering.

Tremblingly

TREM'BLINGLY, adverb So as to shake; with shivering or quaking.

Tremblingly she stood.

Shak.

Trembling-Poplar

TREM'BLING-POPLAR, noun The aspentree, so called.

Tremendous

TREMEN'DOUS, adjective [Latin tremendus, from tremo, to tremble.]

1. Such as may excite fear or terror; terrible; dreadful. Hence,

2. Violent; such as may astonish by its force and violence; as a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall; a tremendous noise.

Tremendously

TREMEN'DOUSLY, adverb In a manner to terrify or astonish; with great violence.

Tremendousness

TREMEN'DOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being tremendous, terrible or violent.

Tremolite

TREM'OLITE, noun A mineral, so called from Tremola, a valley in the Alps, where it was discovered. It is classed by HaÃƒ-¼y with hornblend or amphibole, and called amphibole grammatite. It is of three kinds, asbestous, common, and glassy tremolite; all of a fibrous or radiated structure, and of a pearly color.

Kirwan. Cyc.

Tremolite is a subspecies of straight edged augite.

Ure.

Tremor

TRE'MOR, noun [Latin from tremo.] An involuntary trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory motion; as the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm or old.

He fell into a universal tremor.

Harvey.

Tremulous

TREM'ULOUS, adjective [Latin tremulus, from tremo, to tremble.]

1. Trembling; affected with fear or timidity; as a trembling christian.

Decay of Piety.

2. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as a tremulous limb; a tremulous motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar.

Holder. Thomson.

Tremulously

TREM'ULOUSLY, adverb With quivering or trepidation.

Tremulousness

TREM'ULOUSNESS, noun The state of trembling or quivering; as the tremulousness of an aspen leaf.

Tren

TREN, noun A fish spear.

Ainsworth.

Trench

TRENCH, verb transitive [French trancher, to cut; Italian trincea, a trench; trinciare, to cut; Spanish trincar, trinchear; Armoric troucha; Welsh tryÃƒ-§u.]

1. To cut or dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long hollow in the earth. We trench land for draining. [This is the appropriate sense of the word.]

2. To fortify by cutting a ditch and raising a rampart or breast-work of earth thrown out of the ditch. [In this sense, entrench is more generally used.]

3. To furrow; to form with deep furrows by plowing.

4. To cut a long gash. [Not in use]

Shak.

Trench

TRENCH, verb intransitive To encroach. [See Entrench.]

Trench

TRENCH, noun A long narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as a trench for draining land.

2. In fortification, a deep ditch cut for defense, or to interrupt the approach of an enemy. The wall or breast-work formed by the earth thrown out of the ditch, is also called a trench, as also any raised work formed with bavins, gabions, woolpacks or other solid materials. Hence the phrases, to mount the trenches, to guard the trenches, to clear the trenches, &c.

To open the trenches, to begin to dig, or to form the lines of approach.

Trenchant

TRENCH'ANT, adjective [French tranchant.] Cutting; sharp. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Trenched

TRENCH'ED, participle passive Cut into long hollows or ditches; furrowed deep.

Trencher

TRENCH'ER, noun [French tranchoir.] A wooden plate. Trenchers were in use among the common people of New England till the revolution.

2. The table.

Shak.

3. Food; pleasures of the table.

It would be no ordinary declension that would bring some men to place their summum bonum upon their trenchers.

South.

Trencher-Fly

TRENCH'ER-FLY, noun [trencher and fly.] One that haunts the tables of others; a parasite.

L'Estrange.

Trencher-Friend

TRENCH'ER-FRIEND, noun [trencher and friend.]

One who frequents the tables of others; a spunger.

Trencher-Man

TRENCH'ER-MAN, noun [trencher and man.]

1. A feeder; a great eater.

Shak.

2. A cook. Obs.

Trencher-Mate

TRENCH'ER-MATE, noun [trencher and mate.]

A table companion; a parasite.

Hooker.

Trenching

TRENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Cutting into trenches; digging; ditching.

Trench-Plow

TRENCH'-PLOW, noun [trench and plow.] A kind of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows.

Cyc.

Trench-Plow

TRENCH'-PLOW, verb transitive [trench and plow.] To plow with deep furrows.

Trench-Plowing

TRENCH'-PLOWING, noun The practice or operation of plowing with deep furrows, for the purpose of loosening the land to a greater depth than usual.

Cyc.

Trend

TREND, verb intransitive [This word seems to be allied to trundle, or to run.]

To run; to stretch; to tend; to have a particular direction; as, the shore of the sea trends to the southwest.

Trend

TREND, noun That part of the stock of an anchor from which the size is taken.

Cyc.

Trend

TREND, verb transitive In rural economy, to free wool from its filth. [Local.]

Cyc.

Trender

TREND'ER, noun One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Local.]

Cyc.

Trending

TREND'ING, participle of the present tense Running; tending.

2. Cleaning wool. [Local.]

Trending

TREND'ING, noun The operation of freeing wool from filth of various kinds.

Cyc.

Trendle

TREN'DLE, noun [Saxon; probably connected with trundle; Swedish trind, round; that is, round, with a prefix.]

Any thing round used in turning or rolling; a little wheel.

Trental

TREN'TAL, or TREN'TALS, noun [French trente, thirty; contracted from Latin triginta, Italian trenta.]

An office for the dead in the Romish service, consisting of thirty masses rehearsed for thirty days successively after the party's death.

Cyc.

Trepan

TREPAN', noun [French trepan; Italian trapano; Greek, from, to bore; a hole;. Qu. Latin tero, terebra, on the root Rp.]

In surgery, a circular saw for perforating the skull. It resembles a wimble.

Cyc.

Trepan

TREPAN', verb transitive To perforate the skull and take out a piece; a surgical operation for relieving the brain from pressure or irritation.

Cyc.

Trepan, a snare, and trepan, to ensnare, are from trap, and written trapan, which see.

Trepanned

TREPAN'NED, participle passive Having the skull perforated.

Trepanner

TREPAN'NER, noun One who trepans.

Trepanning

TREPAN'NING, participle of the present tense Perforating the skull with a trepan.

Trepanning

TREPAN'NING, noun The operation of making an opening in the skull, for relieving the brain from compression or irritation.

Cyc.

Trephine

TREPH'INE, noun [See Trepan.] An instrument for trepanning, more modern than the trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that of a gimblet, and a little sharp perforator, called the center-pin.

Cyc.

Trephine

TREPH'INE, verb transitive To perforate with a trephine; to trepan.

Cyc.

Trepid

TREP'ID, adjective [Latin trepidus.] Trembling; quaking. [Not used.]

Trepidation

TREPIDA'TION, noun [Latin trepidatio, from trepido, to tremble; Russian trepeg, a trembling; trepeschu, to tremble.]

1. An involuntary trembling; a quaking or quivering, particularly from fear or terror; hence, a state of terror. The men were in great trepidation.

2. A trembling of the limbs, as in paralytic affections.

3. In the old astronomy, a libration of the eighth sphere, or a motion which the Ptolemaic system ascribes to the firmament, to account for the changes and motion of the axis of the world.

Cyc.

4. Hurry; confused haste.

Trespass

TRES'PASS, verb intransitive [Norm. trespasser; tres, Latin trans, beyond, and passer, to pass.]

1. Literally, to pass beyond; hence primarily, to pass over the boundary line of another's land; to enter unlawfully upon the land of another. A man may trespass by walking over the ground of another, and the law gives a remedy for damages sustained.

2. To commit any offense or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude to the injury of another.

If any man shall trespass against his neighbor, and an oath be laid upon himÃ‚-- 1 Kings 8. See Luke 17:3. and 4.

3. In a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty.

In the time of his disease did he trespass yet more. 2 Chronicles 28.

We have trespassed against our God. Ez. 10.

4. To intrude; to go too far; to put to inconvenience by demand or importunity; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another.

Trespass

TRES'PASS, noun In law, violation of another's rights, not amounting to treason, felony, or misprision of either. Thus to enter another's close, is a trespass; to attack his person is a trespass. When violence accompanies the act, it is called a trespass vi et armis.

2. Any injury or offense done to another.

If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. Matthew 6.

3. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin. Colossians 2.

You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Ephesians 2.

Trespasser

TRES'PASSER, noun One who commits a trespass; one who enters upon another's land or violates his rights.

2. A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner.

Trespassing

TRES'PASSING, participle of the present tense Entering another man's inclosure; injuring or annoying another; violating the divine law or moral duty.

Tress

TRESS, noun [French Danish tresse; Swedish tress, a lock or weft of hair; Danish tresser, Swedish tressa, Russian tresuyu, to weave, braid or twist. The Spanish has trenza, and the Portugese tranÃƒ-§a, a tress. The French may possibly be from the Italian treccia, but probably it is from the north of Europe.] A knot or curl of hair; a ringlet.

Fair tresses man's imperial race ensnare.

Pope.

Tressed

TRESS'ED, adjective Having tresses.

2. Curled; formed into ringlets.

Spenser.

Tressure

TRESS'URE, noun In heraldry, a kind of border.

Warton.

Trestle

TRES'TLE, n. tres'l. [French trÃƒ-ªteau, for tresteau; Welsh trÃƒ-ªs, a trace, a chain, a stretch, labor; tresiaw, to labor, that is, to strain; trestyl, a strainer, a trestle. This root occurs in stress and distress.]

1. The frame of a table. [Qu. Dutch driestal, a three-legged stool.]

2. A movable form for supporting any thing.

3. In bridges, a frame consisting of two posts with a head or cross beam and braces, on which rest the string-pieces. [This is the use of the word in New England. It is vulgarly pronounced trussel or trussl.]

Trestle-trees, in a ship, are two strong bars of timber, fixed horizontally on the opposite sides of the lower mast-head, to support the frame of the top and the top-mast.

Mar. Dict.

Tret

TRET, noun [probably from Latin tritus, tero, to wear.]

In commerce, an allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four percent. on the weight of commodities. It is said this allowance is nearly discontinued.

Cyc.

Trethings

TRETH'INGS, noun [Welsh trÃƒ-ªth, a tax; trethu, to tax.]

Taxes; imposts. [I know not where used. It is unknown, I believe, in the United States.]

Trevet

TREV'ET, noun [three-feet, tripod; French trepied.]

A stool or other thing that is supported by three legs.

Trey

TREY, noun [Latin tres, three, French trois.] A three at cards; a card of three spots.

Shak.

Tri

TRI, a prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifies three, from Greek.

Triable

TRI'ABLE, adjective [from try.] That may be tried; that may be subjected to trial or test.

Boyle.

2. That may undergo a judicial examination; that may properly come under the cognizance of a court. A cause may be triable before one court, which is not triable in another. In England, testamentary causes are triable in the ecclesiastical courts.

Triacontahedral

TRIACONTAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, thirty, and, side.]

Having thirty sides. In mineralogy, bounded by thirty rhombs.

Cleaveland.

Triaconter

TRI'ACONTER, noun [Greek.] In ancient Greece, a vessel of thirty oars.

Mitford.

Triad

TRI'AD, noun [Latin trias, from tres, three.] The union of three; three united. In music, the common chord or harmony, consisting of the third, fifth and eighth.

Busby.

Trial

TRI'AL, noun [from try.] Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining its effect, or what can be done. A man tries to lift a stone, and on trial finds he is not able. A team attempts to draw a load, and after unsuccessful trial, the attempt is relinquished.

2. Examination by a test; experiment; as in chimistry and metallurgy.

3. Experiment; act of examining by experience. In gardening and agriculture, we learn by trial what land will produce; and often, repeated trials are necessary.

4. Experience; suffering that puts strength, patience or faith to the test; afflictions or temptations that exercise and prove the graces or virtues of men.

Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Hebrews 11.

5. In law, the examination of a cause in controversy between parties, before a proper tribunal. Trials are civil or criminal. Trial in civil causes, may be by record or inspection; it may be by witnesses and jury, or by the court. By the laws of England and of the United States, trial by jury, in criminal cases, is held sacred. No criminal can be legally deprived of that privilege.

6. Temptation; test of virtue.

Every station is exposed to some trials.

Rogers.

7. State of being tried.

Shak.

Triality

TRIAL'ITY, noun [from three.] Three united; state of being three. [Little used.]

Wharton.

Triander

TRIAN'DER, noun [Greek, three, and, a male.] A plant having three stamens.

Triandrian

TRIAN'DRIAN, adjective Having three stamens.

Triangle

TRI'ANGLE, noun [French from Latin triangulum; tres, tria, three, and angulus, a corner.]

In geometry, a figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles. The three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles, or the number of degrees in a semicircle.

If the three lines or sides of a triangle are all right, it is a plane or rectilinear triangle.

If all the three sides are equal, it is an equilateral triangle.

If two of the sides only are equal, it is an isosceles or equicrural triangle.

If all the three sides are unequal, it is a scalene or scalenous triangle.

If one of the angles is a right angle, the triangle is rectangular.

If one of the angles is obtuse, the triangle is called obtusangular or amblygonous.

If all the angles are acute, the triangle is acutangular or oxygonous.

If the three lines of a triangle are all curves, the triangle is said to be curvilinear.

If some of the sides are right and others curve, the triangle is said to be mixtilinear.

If the sides are all arcs of great circles of the sphere, the triangle is said to be spherical.

Cyc.

Triangled

TRIAN'GLED, adjective Having three angles.

Triangular

TRIAN'GULAR, adjective Having three angles.

In botany, a triangular stem has three prominent longitudinal angles; a triangular leaf has three prominent angles, without any reference to their measurement or direction.

Martyn. Smith.

Triangularly

TRIAN'GULARLY, adverb After the form of a triangle.

Harris.

Triarian

TRIA'RIAN, adjective [Latin triarii.] Occupying the third post or place.

Cowley.

Tribe

TRIBE, noun [Welsh trev; Gael. treabh; Saxon thorpe, Dutch dorp, German dorf, Swedish Danish torp, a hamlet or village; Latin tribus. We have tribe from the last. In Welsh, the word signifies a dwelling place, homestead, hamlet or town, as does the Saxon thorpe. The Saxon troef is a tent; Russian derevni, an estate, a hamlet. From the sense of house, the word came to signify a family, a race of descendants from one progenitor, who originally settled round him and formed a village.]

1. A family, race or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob.

2. A division, class or distinct portion of people, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated. The city of Athens was divided into ten tribes. Rome was originally divided into three tribes; afterward the people were distributed into thirty tribes, and afterwards into thirty five.

Rom. Hist.

3. A number of things having certain characters or resemblances in common; as a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals.

Linneus distributed the vegetable kingdom into three tribes, viz. monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and acotyledonous plants, and these he subdivided into gentes or nations.

Martyn.

By recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a division of animals or vegetables, intermediate between order and genus. Cuvier divides his orders into families, and his families into tribes, including under the latter one or more genera. Leach, in his arrangement of insects, makes his tribes, on the contrary, the primary subdivisions of his orders, and his families subordinate to them, and immediately including the genera.

Cuvier. Ed. Encyc.

Tribes of plants, in gardening, are such as are related to each other by some natural affinity or resemblance; as by their duration, the annnal, biennial, and perennial tribes; by their roots, as the bulbous, tuberous, and fibrous-rooted tribes; by the loss or retention of their leaves, as the deciduous and ever-green tribes; by their fruits and seeds, as the leguminous, bacciferous, coniferous, nuciferous and pomiferous tribes, &c.

Cyc.

4. A division; a number considered collectively.

5. A nation of savages; a body of rude people united under one leader or government; as the tribes of the six nations; the Seneca tribe in America.

6. A number of persons of any character or profession; in contempt; as the scribbling tribe.

Roscommon.

Tribe

TRIBE, verb transitive To distribute into tribes or classes. [Not much used.]

Bp. Nicholson.

Triblet

TRIB'LET, or TRIB'OULET, noun A goldsmith's tool for making rings.

Ainsworlh.

Tribometer

TRIBOM'ETER, noun [Greek, to rub or wear, and, measure.]

An instrument to ascertain the degree of friction.

Cyc. Entick.

Tribrach

TRI'BRACH, noun [Greek, three, and, short.]

In ancient prosody, a poetic foot of three short syllables, as melius.

Tribracteate

TRIBRAC'TEATE, adjective Having three bracts about the flower.

Decandolle.

Tribulation

TRIBULA'TION, noun [French from Latin tribulo, to thrash, to beat.]

Severe affliction; distresses of life; vexations. In Scripture, it often denotes the troubles and distresses which proceed from persecution.

When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, he is offended. Matthew 13.

In the world ye shall have tribulation. John 16.

Tribunal

TRIBU'NAL, noun [Latin tribunal, from tribunus, a tribune, who administered justice.]

1. Properly, the seat of a judge; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit for administering justice.

2. More generally, a court of justice; as, the house of lords in England is the highest tribunal in the kingdom.

3. [French tribunel.] In France, a gallery or eminence in a church or other place, in which the musical performers are placed for a concert.

Tribunary

TRIB'UNARY, adjective [from tribune.] Pertaining to tribunes.

Tribune

TRIB'UNE, noun [French tribun; Latin tribunus, from tribus, tribe; Spanish Italian tribuno.]

1. In ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate chosen by the people to protect them from the oppression of the patricians or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and consuls. These magistrates were at first two, but their number was increased ultimately to ten. There were also military tribunes, officers of the army, each of whom commanded a division or legion. In the year of Rome 731, the senate transferred the authority of the tribunes to Augustus and his successors. There were also other officers called tribunes; as tribunes of the treasury, of the horse, of the making of arms, &c.

Cyc.

2. In France, a pulpit or elevated place in the chamber of deputies, where a speaker stands to address the assembly.

Tribuneship

TRIB'UNESHIP, noun The office of a tribune.

Addison.

Tribunician

TRIBUNI'CIAN, or TRIBUNI'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to tribunes; as tribunician power or authority.

Middleton.

2. Suiting a tribune.

Tributary

TRIB'UTARY, adjective [from tribute.] Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the purpose of purchasing peace. The republic of Ragusa is tributary to the grand seignor. Many of the powers of Europe are tributary to the Barbary states.

2. Subject; subordinate.

He, to grace his tributary godsÃ‚--

Milton.

3. Paid in tribute.

No flatt'ry tunes these tributary lays.

Concanen.

4. Yielding supplies of any thing. The Ohio has many large tributary streams; and is itself tributary to the Mississippi.

Tributary

TRIB'UTARY, noun One that pays tribute or a stated sum to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security. What a reproach to nations that they should be the tributaries of Algiers!

Tribute

TRIB'UTE, noun [French tribut; Latin tributum, from tribuo, to give, bestow or divide.]

1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one prince or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of some treaty. The Romans made all their conquered countries pay tribute, as do the Turks at this day; and in some countries the tribute is paid in children.

Cyc.

2. A personal contribution; as a tribute of respect.

3. Something given or contributed.

Tricapsular

TRICAP'SULAR, adjective [Latin tres, three, and capsula, a little chest.]

In botany, three-capsuled; having three capsules to each flower.

Martyn.

Trice

TRICE, verb transitive [Welsh treisiaw, to seize.] In seamen's language, to haul and tie up by means of a small rope or line.

Mar. Dict.

Trice

TRICE, noun A very short time; an instant; a moment.

If they get never so great spoil at any time, they waste the same in a trice.

Spenser.

A man shall make his fortune in a trice.

Young.

Trichotomous

TRICHOT'OMOUS, adjective [See Trichotomy.]

Divided into three parts, or divided by threes; as a trichotomous stem.

Martyn.

Trichotomy

TRICHOT'OMY, noun [Greek, three, and, to cut or divide.] Division into three parts.

Watts.

Trick

TRICK, noun [Dutch trek, a pull or drawing, a trick; trekken, to draw, to drag; bedriegen, to cheat; driegen, to tack or baste; German triegen, to deceive; trug, betrug, fraud, trick; Danish trekke, a trick; trekker, to draw, to entice; French tricher, to cheat; Italian treccare, to cheat; trecca, a huckster; treccia, a lock of hair, from folding, involving, Greek; Spanish trica, a quibble; Latin tricor, to play tricks, to trifle, to baffle. We see the same root in the Low Latin intrico, to fold, and in intrigue. Trick is from drawing, that is, a drawing aside, or a folding, interweaving, implication.]

1. An artifice or stratagem for the purpose of deception; a fraudful contrivance for an evil purpose, or an underhand scheme to impose upon the world; a cheat or cheating. We hear of tricks in bargains, and tricks of state.

He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick.

South.

2. A dextrous artifice.

On one nice trick depends the gen'ral fate.

Pope.

3. Vicious practice; as the tricks of youth.

4. The sly artifice or legerdemain of a juggler; as the tricks of a merry Andrew.

5. A collection of cards laid together.

6. An unexpected event.

Some trick not worth an egg. [Unusual.]

Shak.

7. A particular habit or manner; as, he has a trick of drumming with his fingers, or a trick of frowning. [This word is in common use in America, and by no means vulgar.]

Trick

TRICK, verb transitive To deceive; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse.

Trick

TRICK, verb transitive [Welsh treciaw, to furnish or harness, to trick out; trec, an implement, harness, gear, from rhÃƒ-ªÃƒ-§, a breaking forth, properly a throwing or extending. This may be a varied application of the foregoing word.]

To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically.

Trick her off in air.

Pope.

It is often followed by up, off, or out.

People are lavish in tricking up their children in fine clothes, yet starve their minds.

Locke.

Trick

TRICK, verb intransitive To live by deception and fraud.

Dryden.

Tricked

TRICK'ED, participle passive Cheated; deceived; dressed.

Tricker

TRICK'ER, or TRICK'STER, noun One who tricks; a deceiver; a cheat.

Tricker

TRICK'ER, noun A trigger. [See Trigger.]

Trickery

TRICK'ERY, noun The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem.

Parr. Burke.

Tricking

TRICK'ING, participle of the present tense Deceiving; cheating; defrauding.

2. Dressing; decorating.

Tricking

TRICK'ING, noun Dress; ornament.

Shak.

Trickish

TRICK'ISH, adjective Artful in making bargains; given to deception and cheating; knavish.

Pope.

Trickle

TRICK'LE, verb intransitive [allied perhaps to Greek, to run, and a diminutive.]

To flow in a small gentle stream; to run down; as, tears trickle down the cheek; water trickles from the eaves.

Fast beside there trickled softly down

A gentle stream.

Spenser.

Trickling

TRICK'LING, participle of the present tense Flowing down in a small gentle stream.

Trickling

TRICK'LING, noun The act of flowing in a small gentle stream.

He wakened by the trickling of his blood.

Wiseman.

Trickment

TRICK'MENT, noun Decoration. [Not used.]

Tricksy

TRICK'SY, adjective [from trick.] Pretty; brisk. [Not much used.]

Shak.

Trick-Track

TRICK'-TRACK, noun A game at tables.

Tricliniary

TRICLIN'IARY, adjective [Latin tricliniaris, from triclinium, a couch to recline on at dinner.]

Pertaining to a couch for dining, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table.

Tricoccous

TRICOC'COUS, adjective [Latin tres, three, and coccus, a berry.]

A tricoccous or three-grained capsule is one which is swelling out in three protuberances, internally divided into three cells, with one seed in each; as in Euphorbia.

Martyn.

Tricorporal

TRICOR'PORAL, adjective [Latin tricorpor; tres and corpus.] Having three bodies.

Todd.

Tricuspidate

TRICUS'PIDATE, adjective [Latin tres, three, and cuspis, a point.]

In botany, three-pointed; ending in three points; as a tricuspidate stamen.

Tridactylous

TRIDAC'TYLOUS, adjective [Greek, three, and, a toe.] Having three toes.

Tride

TRIDE, adjective Among hunters, short and ready; fleet; as a tride pace.

Bailey. Cyc.

Trident

TRI'DENT, noun [French from Latin tridens; tres, three, and dens, tooth.]

In mythology, a kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, which the fables of antiquity put into the hands of Neptune, the deity of the ocean.

Trident

TRI'DENT, or TRI'DENTED, adjective Having three teeth or prongs.

Tridentate

TRIDENT'ATE, adjective [Latin tres and dens, tooth.] Having three teeth.

Lee.

Tridiapason

TRIDIAPA'SON, noun [tri and diapason.] In music, a triple octave or twenty second.

Busby.

Triding

TRI'DING. [See Trithing.]

Tridodecahedral

TRIDODECAHE'DRAL, adjective [Greek, three, and dodecahedral.]

In crystalography, presenting three ranges of faces, one above another, each containing twelve faces.

Triduan

TRID'UAN, adjective [Latin triduum; tres and dies, day.]

Lasting three days, or happening every third day. [Little used.]

Triennial

TRIEN'NIAL, adjective [French triennal; Latin triennis, triennium; tres, three, and annus, year.]

1. Continuing three years; as triennial parliaments.

2. Happening every three years; as triennial elections. Triennial elections and parliaments were established in England in 1695; but these were discontinued in 1717, and septennial elections and parliaments were adopted, which still continue.

Triennially

TRIEN'NIALLY, adverb Once in three years.

Trier

TRI'ER, noun [from try.] One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines any thing by a test or standard.

2. One who tries judicially; a judge who tries a person or cause; a juryman. [See Trior.]

3. A test; that which tries or approves.

Shak.

Trierarch

TRI'ERARCH, noun [Greek, a trireme, and, a chief.]

In ancient Greece, the commander of a trireme; also, a commissioner who was obliged to build ships and furnish them at his own expense.

Mitford.

Trieterical

TRIETER'ICAL, adjective [Latin trietericus; tres, three, and Greek, year.]

Triennial; kept or occurring once in three years. [Little used.]

Gregory.

Trifallow

TRI'FALLOW, verb transitive [Latin tres, three, and fallow.]

To plow land the third time before sowing.

Mortimer.

Trifid

TRIF'ID, adjective [Latin trifidus; tres, three, and findo, to divide.]

In botany, divided into three parts by linear sinuses with strait margins; three-cleft.

Martyn.

Trifistulary

TRIFIS'TULARY, adjective [Latin tres and fistula, a pipe.] Having three pipes.

Brown.

Trifle

TRI'FLE, noun [It coincides with trivial, which see.]

A thing of very little value or importance; a word applicable to any thing and every thing of this character.

With such poor trifles playing.

Drayton.

Moments make the year, and trifles, life.

Young.

Trifles

Are to the jealous confirmations strong.

Shak.

Trifle

TRI'FLE, verb intransitive To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight or dignity; to act or talk with levity.

They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us.

Hooker.

2. To indulge in light amusements.

Law.

To trifle with, to mock; to play the fool with; to treat without respect or seriousness.

To trifle with, or To trifle away, to spend in vanity; to waste to no good purpose; as, to trifle with time, or to trifle away time; to trifle with advantages.

Trifle

TRI'FLE, verb transitive To make of no importance. [Not in use.]

Trifler

TRI'FLER, noun One who trifles or acts with levity.

Bacon.

Trifling

TRI'FLING, participle of the present tense Acting or talking with levity, or without seriousness or being in earnest.

2. adjective Being of small value or importance; trivial; as a trifling debt; a trifling affair.

Trifling

TRI'FLING, noun Employment about things of no importance.

Triflingly

TRI'FLINGLY, adverb In a trifling manner; with levity; without seriousness or dignity.

Locke.

Triflingness

TRI'FLINGNESS, noun Levity of manners; lightness.

Entick.

2. Smallness of value; emptiness; vanity.

Triflorous

TRIF'LOROUS, adjective [Latin tres, three, and flos, floris, flower.]

Three-flowered; bearing three flowers; as a triflorous peduncle.

Martyn.

Trifoliate

TRIFO'LIATE, adjective [Latin tres, three, and folium, leaf.] Having three leaves.

Harte.

Trifoliolate

TRIFO'LIOLATE, adjective Having three folioles.

Decandolle.

Trifoly

TRI'FOLY, noun Sweet trefoil. [See Trefoil.]

Mason.

Triform

TRI'FORM, adjective [Latin triformis; tres and forma.]

Having a triple form or shape; as the triform countenance of the moon.

Milton.

Trig

TRIG, verb transitive [Welsh trigaw. See Trigger.] To fill; to stuff. [Not in use.]

2. To stop; as a wheel.

Bailey.

Trig

TRIG, adjective Full; trim; neat. [Not in use.]

Trigamy

TRIG'AMY, noun [Greek, three, and, marriage.]

State of being married three times; or the state of having three husbands or three wives at the same time.

Herbert.

Trigger

TRIG'GER, noun [Welsh trigaw, to stop; Danish trekker, to draw; trykker, to press or pinch; or trygger, to make sure; trug, Swedish trygg, safe, secure; trycka, to press. This is the true, or from the same root.]

1. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity.

2. The catch of a musket or pistol; the part which being pulled, looses the lock for striking fire.

Trigintals

TRIGIN'TALS, noun [Latin triginta.] Trentals; the number of thirty masses to be said for the dead.

Triglyph

TRIG'LYPH, noun [Greek, three, and, sculpture.]

An ornament in the frieze of the Doric column, repeated at equal intervals. Each triglyph consists of two entire gutters or channels, cut to a right angle, called glyphs, and separated by three interstices, called femora.

Cyc.

Trigon

TRIG'ON, noun [Greek, three, and, angle.]

1. A triangle; a term used in astrology; also, trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees from each other.

Cyc.

2. A kind of triangular lyre or harp.

Trigonal

TRIG'ONAL, or TRIG'ONOUS, adjective Triangular; having three angles or corners.

2. In botany, having three prominent longitudinal angles.

Martyn.

Trigonometrical

TRIGONOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to trigonometry; performed by or according to the rules of trigonometry.

Trigonometrically

TRIGONOMET'RICALLY, adverb According to the rules or principles of trigonometry.

Asiat. Res.

Trigonometry

TRIGONOM'ETRY, noun [Greek, a triangle, and, to measure.]

The measuring of triangles; the science of determining the sides and angles of triangles, by means of certain parts which are given. When this science is applied to the solution of plane triangles, it is called plane trigonometry; when its application is to spherical triangles, it is called spherical trigonometry.

Trigyn

TRI'GYN, noun [Greek, three, and, a female.] In botany, a plant having three pistils.

Trigynian

TRIGYN'IAN, adjective Having three pistils.

Trihedral

TRIHE'DRAL, adjective [See Trihedron.] Having three equal sides.

Trihedron

TRIHE'DRON, noun [Greek, three, and, side.] A figure having three equal sides.

Trijugous

TRIJU'GOUS, adjective [Latin tres, three, and jugum, yoke.]

In botany, having three pairs. A trijugous leaf is a pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets.

Martyn.

Triilateral

TRIILAT'ERAL, adjective [French from Latin tres, three, and latus, side.] Having three sides.

Triliteral

TRILIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin tres, three, and litera, letter.]

Consisting of three letters; as a triliteral root or word.

Triliteral

TRILIT'ERAL, noun A word consisting of three letters.

Trill

TRILL, noun [Italian trillo; Danish trille; German triller; Welsh treilliaw, to turn, to roll. But the latter may be contracted from treiglaw, to turn; traill, traigyl, a turn or roll, from the root of draw, drag. Trill coincides with thirl and drill; Dutch drillen. Qu. reel.]

A quaver; a shake of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an instrument. [See Shake.]

Trill

TRILL, verb transitive [Italian trillare.] To utter with a quavering or tremulousness of voice; to shake.

The sober-suited songstress trills her lay.

Thomson.

Trill

TRILL, verb intransitive To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each other; to trickle.

And now and then an ample tear trill'd down

Her delicate cheek.

Shak.

2. To shake or quaver; to play in tremulous vibrations of sound.

To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet.

Dryden.

Trilled

TRILL'ED, participle passive Shaken; uttered with rapid vibrations.

Trilling

TRILL'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering with a quavering or shake.

Trillion

TRILLION, n. tril'yun. [a word formed arbitrarily of three, or Greek, and million.]

The product of a million multiplied by a million, and that product multiplied by a million; or the product of the square of a million multiplied by a million. Thus 1.000,000 X 1.000,000 = 1.000,000,000,000 and this product multiplied by a million = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000.

Trilobate

TRILO'BATE, adjective [Latin tres and lobus.] Having three lobes.

Journ. of Science.

Trilocular

TRILOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin tres and locus, a cell.]

In botany, three-celled; having three cells for seeds; as a trilocular capsule.

Triluminar

TRILU'MINAR, or TRILU'MINOUS, adjective [Latin tres and lumen, light.] Having three lights.

Trim

TRIM, adjective [Saxon trum, firm, stable, strong, secure; tryman, getrymian, to make firm, to strengthen, to prepare, to order or dispose, to exhort, persuade or animate. The primary sense is to set, to strain, or to make straight.]

Firm; compact; tight; snug; being in good order. We say of a ship, she is trim, or trim-built; every thing about the man is trim. We say of a person, he is trim, when his body is well shaped and firm; and we say, his dress is trim, when it sits closely to his body and appears tight and snug; and of posture we say, a man or a soldier is trim, when he stands erect. It is particularly applicable to soldiers, and in Saxon, truma is a troop or body of soldiers.

Trim

TRIM, verb transitive [Saxon trumian, trymian, to make firm or strong, to strengthen, to prepare, to put in order.]

1. In a general sense, to make right, that is, to put in due order for any purpose.

The hermit trimm'd his little fire.

Goldsmith.

2. To dress; to put the body in a proper state.

I was trimm'd in Julia's gown.

Shak.

3. To decorate; to invest or embellish with extra ornaments; as, to trim a gown with lace.

Dryden.

4. To clip, as the hair of the head; also, to shave; that is, to put in due order.

5. To lop, as superfluous branches; to prune; as, to trim trees.

Mortimer.

6. To supply with oil; as, to trim a lamp.

7. To make neat; to adjust.

I found her trimming up the diadem

On her dead mistressÃ‚--

Shak.

8. In carpentry, to dress, as timber; to make smooth.

9. To adjust the cargo of a ship, or the weight of persons or goods in a boat, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well. Thus we say, to trim a ship or a boat.

10. To rebuke; to reprove sharply; a popular use of the word.

11. To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails.

To trim in, in carpentry, to fit, as a piece of timber into other work.

Moxon.

To trim up, to dress; to put in order.

Trim

TRIM, verb intransitive To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each.

South.

Trim

TRIM, noun Dress; gear; ornaments.

Dryden.

2. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, &c., by which she is well prepared for sailing.

Trim of the masts, is their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect or raking.

Mar. Dict.

Trim of sails, is that position and arrangement which is best adapted to impel the ship forward.

Mar. Dict.

Trimeter

TRIM'ETER, noun A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures.

Lowth.

Trimeter

TRIM'ETER, or TRIMET'RICAL, adjective [Greek, three measures.] Consisting of three poetical measures, forming an iambic of six feet.

Roscommon.

Trimly

TRIM'LY, adverb Nicely; neatly; in good order.

Spenser.

Trimmed

TRIM'MED, participle passive Put in good order; dressed; ornamented; clipped; shaved; balanced; rebuked.

Trimmer

TRIM'MER, noun One that trims; a time-server.

2. A piece of timber fitted in.

All the joists and the trimmers for the stair caseÃ‚--

Moxon.

Trimming

TRIM'MING, participle of the present tense Putting in due order; dressing; decorating; pruning; balancing; fluctuating between parties.

Trimming

TRIM'MING, noun Ornamental appendages to a garment, as lace, ribins and the like.

Trimness

TRIM'NESS, noun Neatness; snugness; the state of being close and in good order.

Trinal

TRI'NAL, adjective [Latin trinus, three.] Threefold.

Milton.

Trine

TRINE, adjective Threefold; as trine dimension, that is, length, breadth and thickness.

Trine

TRINE, noun [supra.] In astrology, the aspect of planets distant from each other 120 degrees, forming the figure of a trigon or triangle.

Cyc. Johnson.

Trine

TRINE, verb transitive To put in the aspect of a trine.

Dryden.

Trinervate

TRINERV'ATE, adjective [Latin tres and nervus.] In botany, having three nerves or unbranched vessels meeting behind or beyond the base.

Martyn.

Trinerve

TRI'NERVE, or TRI'NERVED, adjective In botany, a trinerved or three-nerved leaf, has three nerves or unbranched vessels meeting in the base of the leaf.

Martyn.

Tringle

TRIN'GLE, noun [French] In architecture, a little square member or ornament, as a listel, reglet, platband and the like, but particularly a little member fixed exactly over every triglyph.

Cyc.

Trinitarian

TRINITA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Trinity, or to the doctrine of the Trinity.

Trinitarian

TRINITA'RIAN, noun One who believes the doctrine of the Trinity.

2. One of an order of religious, who made it their business to redeem christians from infidels.

Trinity

TRIN'ITY, noun [Latin trinitas; tres and unus, unitas, one, unity.]

In theology, the union of three persons in one Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

In my whole essay, there is not any thing like an objection against the Trinity.

Locke.

Trinket

TRINK'ET, noun [If n is casual, this is from Welsh treciaw, to furnish. See Trick.]

1. A small ornament, as a jewel, a ring and the like.

Dryden. Swift.

2. A thing of little value; tackle; tools.

Tusser. L'Estrange.

Trinomial

TRINO'MIAL, adjective [Latin tres and nomen.] In mathematics, a trinomial root, is a root consisting of three parts, connected by the signs + or -. Thus x+y+z, or a+b-c.

Trinomial

TRINO'MIAL, noun A root of three terms or parts.

Trio

TRI'O, noun A concert of three parts; three united.

Triobolar

TRIOB'OLAR, adjective [Latin triobolaris; tres and obolus.]

Of the value of three oboli; mean; worthless. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Trioctahedral

TRIOCTAHE'DRAL, adjective [tri and octahedral.]

In crystalography, presenting three ranges of faces, one above another, each range containing eight faces.

Trioctile

TRIOC'TILE, noun [Latin tres, three, and octo, eight.]

In astrology, an aspect of two planets with regard to the earth, when they are three octants or eight parts of a circle, that is, 135 degrees, distant from each other.

Cyc.

Trior

TRI'OR, or TRI'ER, noun [from try.] In law, a person appointed by the court to examine whether a challenge to a panel of jurors, or to any juror, is just. The triors are two indifferent persons.

Cyc.

Trip

TRIP, verb transitive [German trippeln; Dutch trippen; Swedish trippa; Danish tripper; Welsh tripiaw, to trip, to stumble; from rhip, a skipping. See and in Castle.]

1. To supplant; to cause to fall by striking the feet suddenly from under the person; usually followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling; to trip up the heels.

Shak.

2. To supplant; to overthrow by depriving of support.

Bramhall.

3. To catch; to detect.

Shak.

4. To loose an anchor from the bottom by its cable or buoy-rope.

Mar. Dict.

Trip

TRIP, verb intransitive To stumble; to strike the foot against something, so as to lose the step and come near to fall; or to stumble and fall.

2. To err; to fail; to mistake; to be deficient.

Virgil pretends sometimes to trip.

Dryden.

Trip

TRIP, verb intransitive [Arabic tariba, to move lightly; allied perhaps to Swedish trappa, Danish trappe, German treppe, stairs.]

1. To run or step lightly; to walk with a light step.

She bounded by and tripp'd so light

They had not time to take a steady sight.

Dryden.

Thus from the lion trips the trembling doe.

Dryden.

2. To take a voyage or journey.

Trip

TRIP, noun A stroke or catch by which a wrestler supplants his antagonist.

And watches with a trip his foe to foil.

Dryden.

2. A stumble by the loss of foot-hold, or a striking of the foot against an object.

3. A failure; a mistake.

Each seeming trip, and each digressive start.

Harte.

4. A journey; or a voyage.

I took a trip to London on the death of the queen.

Pope.

5. In navigation, a single board in plying to windward.

Cyc.

6. Among farmers, a small flock of sheep, or a small stock of them. [Local.]

Cyc.

Tripartite

TRIP'ARTITE, adjective [French from Latin tripartitus; tres, three, and partitus, divided; partior.]

1. Divided into three parts. In botany, a tripartite leaf is one which is divided into three parts down to the base, but not wholly separate.

Martyn.

2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as indentures tripartite.

Tripartition

TRIPARTI'TION, noun A division by three, or the taking of a third part of any number or quantity.

Cyc.

Tripe

TRIPE, noun [French id.; Spanish tripa; Italian trippa; German tripp; Russian trebucha; Welsh tripa, from rhip, from rhib, a streak or dribblet. In Spanish tripe, Danish trip, is shag, plush. This word is probably from tearing, ripping, like strip.]

1. Properly, the entrails; but in common usage, the large stomach of ruminating animals, prepared for food.

2. In ludicrous language, the belly.

Johnson.

Tripedal

TRIP'EDAL, adjective [Latin tres and pes.] Having three feet.

Tripe-Man

TRI'PE-MAN, noun A man who sells tripe.

Swift.

Tripennate

TRIPEN'NATE, or TRIPIN'NATE, adjective [Latin tres and penna or pinna.] In botany, a tripinnate leaf is a species of superdecompound leaf, when a petiole has bipinnate leaves ranged on each side of it, as in common fern.

Martyn.

Tripersonal

TRIPER'SONAL, adjective [Latin tres and persona.] Consisting of three persons.

Milton.

Tripetalous

TRIPET'ALOUS, adjective [Greek, three, and, leaf.]

In botany, three-petaled; having three petals or flower leaves.

Triphane

TRI'PHANE, noun A mineral, spodumene.

Ure.

Triphthong

TRIPH'THONG, noun [Greek, three, and, sound.]

A coalition of three vowels in one compound sound, or in one syllable, as in adieu, eye.

Triphthongal

TRIPHTHON'GAL, adjective Pertaining to a triphthong; consisting of a triphthong.

Triphyllous

TRIPH'YLLOUS, adjective [Greek, three, and, leaf.]

In botany, three-leaved; having three leaves.

Triple

TRIP'LE, adjective [French from Latin triplex, triplus; tres and plico, to fold.]

1. Threefold; consisting of three united; as a triple knot; a triple tie.

By thy triple shape as thou art seenÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. Treble; three times repeated. [See Treble.]

Triple time, in music, is that in which each bar is divided into three measures or equal parts, as three minims, three crotchets, three quavers, &c.

Triple

TRIP'LE, verb transitive To treble; to make threefold or thrice as much or as many. [Usually written treble.]

Lee.

Triplet

TRIP'LET, noun [from triple.] Three of a kind, or three united.

2. In poetry, three verses rhyming together.

3. In music, three notes sung or played in the time of two.

Triplicate

TRIP'LICATE, adjective [Latin triplicatus, triplico; tres and plico, to fold.]

Made thrice as much; threefold.

Triplicate ratio, is the ratio which cubes bear to each other.

Cyc.

Triplication

TRIPLICA'TION, noun The act of trebling or making threefold, or adding three together.

Glanville.

2. In the civil law, the same as sur-rejoinder in common law.

Triplicity

TRIPLIC'ITY, noun [French triplicitÃƒ-©; from Latin triplex.]

Trebleness; the state of being threefold.

Watts.

Triply-Ribbed

TRIP'LY-RIBBED, adjective [triple and rib.] In botany, having a pair of large ribs branching off from the main one above the base, as in the leaves of many species of sunflower.

Smith.

Trip-Madam

TRIP'-MADAM, noun A plant.

Mortimer.

Tripod

TRI'POD, noun [Latin tripus, tripodis; Greek; three, and, foot.]

A bench, stool or seat supported by three legs, on which the priest and sibyls in ancient times were placed to render oracles.

Dryden. Cyc.

Tripoli

TRIP'OLI, noun In mineralogy, a mineral originally brought from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. It has a dull argillaceous appearance, but is not compact. It has a fine hard grain, but does not soften by water, or mix with it. It is principally composed of silex.

Cyc.

Tripoline

TRIP'OLINE, adjective Pertaining to tripoli.

Tripos

TRI'POS, noun A tripod, which see.

Tripped

TRIP'PED, participle passive [from trip.] Supplanted.

Tripper

TRIP'PER, noun One who trips or supplants; one that walks nimbly.

Tripping

TRIP'PING, participle of the present tense Supplanting; stumbling; falling; stepping nimbly.

2. adjective Quick; nimble.

Milton.

Tripping

TRIP'PING, noun The act of tripping.

2. A light dance.

Milton.

3. The loosing of an anchor from the ground by its cable or buoy-rope.

Trippingly

TRIP'PINGLY, adverb Nimbly; with a light nimble quick step; with agility.

Sing and dance it trippingly.

Shak.

Speak the speech trippingly on the tongue.

Shak.

Triptote

TRIP'TOTE, noun [Greek, three, and, case.]

In grammar, a name having three cases only.

Clarke.

Tripudiary

TRIPU'DIARY, adjective [Latin tripudium.] Pertaining to dancing; performed by dancing.

Brown.

Tripudiation

TRIPUDIA'TION, noun [Latin tripudio, to dance.]

Act of dancing.

Johnson.

Tripyramid

TRIPYR'AMID, noun [Latin tres and pyramis.] In mineralogy, a genus of spars, the body of which is composed of single pyramids, each of three sides, affixed by their base to some solid body.

Cyc.

Triquetrous

TRIQUE'TROUS, adjective [Latin triquetrus, from triquetra, a triangle.]

Three-sided; having three plane sides.

Encyc.

Triradiated

TRIRA'DIATED, adjective [Latin tres and radius.] Having three rays.

Trireme

TRI'REME, noun [Latin triremis; tres and remus.]

A galley or vessel with three benches or ranks of oars on a side.

Mitford.

Trirhomboidal

TRIRHOMBOID'AL, adjective [tri and rhomboidal.] Having the form of three rhombs.

Trisacramentarian

TRISACRAMENTA'RIAN, noun [Latin tres, three, and sacrament.]

One of a religious sect who admit of three sacraments and no more.

Cyc.

Trisagion

TRISAG'ION, noun [Greek, three, and, holy.]

A hymn in which the word holy is repeated three times.

Bull. Cyc.

Trisect

TRISECT', verb transitive [Latin tres, three, and seco, to cut.]

To cut or divide into three equal parts.

Allen.

Trisected

TRISECT'ED, participle passive Divided into three equal parts.

Trisecting

TRISECT'ING, participle of the present tense Dividing into three equal parts.

Trisection

TRISEC'TION, noun [Latin tres and sectio, a cutting.]

The division of a thing into three parts; particularly in geometry, the division of an angle into three equal parts.

Cyc.

Trisepalous

TRISEP'ALOUS, adjective In botany, having three sepals to a calyx.

Decandolle.

Trispast

TRIS'PAST, or TRISPAS'TON, noun [Greek and, to draw.] In mechanics, a machine with three pulleys for raising great weights.

Cyc.

Trispermous

TRISPERM'OUS, adjective [Greek, three, and, seed.]

Three-seeded; containing three seeds; as a trispermous capsule.

Trist

TRIST, or TRIST'FUL, adjective [Latin tristis, sad.] Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. [Not used.]

Shak.

Tripersonality

TRIPERSONAL'ITY, noun The state of existing in three persons in one Godhead.

Milton.

Trisulc

TRISULC', noun [Latin trisulcus.] Something having three points. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Trisyllabic

TRISYLLAB'IC, or TRISYLLAB'ICAL, adjective [from trisyllable.] Pertaining to a trisyllable; consisting of three syllables; as a trisyllabic word or root.

Trisyllable

TRISYL'LABLE, noun [Latin tres, three, and syllaba, syllable.] A word consisting of three syllables.

Trite

TRITE, adjective [Latin tritus, from tero, to wear.] Worn out; common; used till so common as to have lost its novelty and interest; as a trite remark; a trite subject.

Swift.

Tritely

TRI'TELY, adverb In a common manner.

Triteness

TRI'TENESS, noun Commonness; staleness; a state of being worn out; as the triteness of an observation or a subject.

Triternate

TRITERN'ATE, adjective [Latin tres, three, and ternate.]

Having three biternate leaves, or the divisions of a triple petiole subdivided into threes; a species of superdecompound leaf.

Martyn. Lee.

Tritheism

TRITHE'ISM, noun [French tritheisme; Greek, three, and, God.]

The opinion or doctrine that there are three Gods in the Godhead.

Tritheist

TRITHE'IST, noun One who believes that there are three distinct Gods in the Godhead, that is, three distinct substances, essences or hypostases.

Encyc.

Tritheistic

TRITHEIS'TIC, adjective Pertaining to tritheism.

Tritheite

TRITHE'ITE, noun A tritheist.

Trithing

TRI'THING, noun [from three.] One of the divisions of the country of York in England, which is divided into three parts. It is now called Riding.

Blackstone.

Tritical

TRIT'ICAL, adjective [from trite.] Trite; common. [Not in use.]

Triticalness

TRIT'ICALNESS, noun Triteness. [Not used.]

Warton.

Triton

TRI'TON, noun In mythology, a fabled sea demi-god, supposed to be the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as half man and half fish.

Cyc.

2. A genus of the molluscal order of worms.

Linne. Cyc.

3. A bird of the West Indies, famous for its notes.

Ray. Cyc.

Tritone

TRI'TONE, noun [Latin tres and tonus.] In music, a false concord, consisting of three tones, two major and one minor tone, or of two tones and two semitones; a dissonant interval.

Cyc.

Tritoxyd

TRITOX'YD, noun [Greek, third, and oxyd.]

In chimistry, a substance oxydized in the third degree.

Thomson.

Triturable

TRIT'URABLE, adjective [See Triturate.] Capable of being reduced to a fine powder by pounding, rubbing or grinding.

Brown.

Triturate

TRIT'URATE, verb transitive [Latin trituro, from tritus, tero, to wear.]

To rub or grind to a very fine powder, and properly to a finer powder than that made by pulverization.

Triturated

TRIT'URATED, participle passive Reduced to a very fine powder.

Triturating

TRIT'URATING, participle of the present tense Grinding or reducing to a very fine powder.

Trituration

TRITURA'TION, noun The act of reducing to a fine powder by grinding.

Triture

TRI'TURE, noun A rubbing or grinding. [Not used.]

Cheyne.

Triturium

TRITU'RIUM, noun A vessel for separating liquors of different densities.

Triumph

TRI'UMPH, noun [French triomphe; Italian trionfo; Spanish triunfo; Latin triumphus; Greek.]

1. Among the ancient Romans, a pompous ceremony performed in honor of a victorious general, who was allowed to enter the city crowned, originally with laurel, but in later times with gold, bearing a truncheon in one hand and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a chariot drawn by two white horses, and followed by the kings, princes and generals whom he had vanquished, loaded with chains and insulted by mimics and buffoons. The triumph was of two kinds, the greater and the less. The lesser triumph was granted for a victory over enemies of less considerable power, and was called an ovation.

2. State of being victorious.

Hercules from Spain

Arriv'd in triumph, from Geryon slain.

Dryden.

3. Victory; conquest.

The vain coquets the trifling triumphs boast.

Logie.

4. Joy or exultation for success.

Great triumph and rejoicing was in heav'n.

Milton.

5. A card that takes all others; now written trump, which see.

Triumph

TRI'UMPH, verb intransitive To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice for victory.

How long shall the wicked triumph? Psalm 94.

2. To obtain victory.

There fix thy faith, and triumph o'er the world.

Rowe.

Attir'd with stars, we shall forever sit

Triumphing over death.

Milton.

3. To insult upon an advantage gained.

Let not my enemies triumph over me. Psalm 25.

Sorrow on all the pack of you

That triumph thus upon my misery.

Shak.

4. To be prosperous; to flourish.

Where commerce triumph'd on the favoring gales.

Trumbull.

To triumph over, to succeed in overcoming; to surmount; as, to triumph over all obstacles.

Triumphal

TRIUMPH'AL, adjective [French from Latin triumphalis.]

Pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; as a triumphal crown or car; a triumphal arch.

Pope. Swift.

Triumphal

TRIUMPH'AL, noun A token of victory.

Milton.

Triumphant

TRIUMPH'ANT, adjective [Latin triumphans.] Celebrating victory; as a triumphant chariot.

South.

2. Rejoicing as for victory.

Successful beyond hope to lead you forth

Triumphant out of this infernal pit.

Milton.

3. Victorious; graced with conquest.

So shall it be in the church triumphant.

Perkins.

Athena, war's triumphant maidÃ‚--

Pope.

4. Celebrating victory; expressing joy for cuccess; as a triumphant song.

Triumphantly

TRIUMPH'ANTLY, adverb In a triumphant manner; with the joy and exultation that proceeds from victory or success.

Through armed ranks triumphantly she drives.

Granville.

2. Victoriously; with success.

Triumphantly tread on thy country's ruin.

Shak.

3. With insolent exultation.

South.

Triumpher

TRI'UMPHER, noun One who triumphs or rejoices for victory; one who vanquishes.

2. One who was honored with a triumph in Rome.

Peacham.

Triumphing

TRI'UMPHING, participle of the present tense Celebrating victory with pomp; vanquishing; rejoicing for victory; insulting on an advantage.

Triumvir

TRI'UMVIR, noun [Latin tres, three, and vir, man.] One of three men united in office. The triumvirs, Latin triumviri, of Rome, were three men who jointly obtained the sovereign power in Rome. The first of these were Cesar, Crassus and Pompey.

Triumvirate

TRIUM'VIRATE, noun A coalition of three men; particularly, the union of three men who obtained the government of the Roman empire.

2. Government by three men in coalition.

Triune

TRI'UNE, adjective [Latin tres and unus.] Three in one; an epithet applied to God, to express the unity of the Godhead in a trinity of persons.

Cyc.

Triunity

TRIU'NITY, noun Trinity. [Not used.]

Trivant

TRIV'ANT, noun A truant.

Burton.

Trivalvular

TRIVALV'ULAR, adjective Three-valved; having three valves.

Trivrbial

TRIVRB'IAL, adjective [Latin triverbium.] Triverbial days, in the Roman calendar, were juridical or court days, days allowed to the pretor for hearing causes; called also dies fasti. There were only twenty eight in the year.

Cyc.

Trivet

TRIV'ET, noun A three legged stool. [See Trevet.]

Trivial

TRIV'IAL, adjective [French from Latin trivialis; probably from Greek, Latin tero, trivi, to wear, or from trivium, a highway.]

1. Trifling; of little worth or importance; inconsiderable; as a trivial subject; a trivial affair.

Dryden. Pope.

2. Worthless; vulgar.

Roscommon.

Trivial name, in natural history, the common name for the species, which added to the generic name forms the complete denomination of the species; the specific name. Thus in Lathyrus aphaca, Lathyrus is the generic name, and aphaca the trivial or specific name, and the two combined form the complete denomination of the species. Linne at first applied the term specific name to the essential character of the species, now called the specific definition or difference; but it is now applied solely to the trivial name.

Martyn. Cyc.

Triviality

TRIVIAL'ITY, noun Trivialness. [Not much used.]

Trivially

TRIV'IALLY, adverb Commonly; vulgarly.

2. Lightly; inconsiderably; in a trifling degree.

Trivialness

TRIV'IALNESS, noun Commonness.

2. Lightness; unimportance.

Troat

TROAT, verb intransitive To cry, as a buck in rutting time.

Dict.

Troat

TROAT, noun The cry of a buck in rutting time.

Trocar

TRO'CAR, noun [French un trois quart, expressive of its triangular point.]

A surgical instrument for tapping dropsical persons and the like.

Trochaic

TROCHA'IC, or TROCHA'ICAL, adjective [See Trochee.] In poetry, consisting of trochees; as trochaic measure or verse.

Trochanter

TROCHAN'TER, noun [Greek.] In anatomy, the trochanters are two processes of the thigh bone, called major and minor, the major on the outside, and the minor on the inside.

Coxe. Cyc.

Troche

TRO'CHE, noun [Greek, a wheel.] A form of medicine in a cake or tablet, or a stiff paste cut into proper portions and dried.

It is made by mixing the medicine with sugar and the mucilage of gum tragacanth, intended to be gradually dissolved in the mouth and slowly swallowed, as a demulcent to sheath the epiglottis, and as a remedy for the bronchocele.

Trochee

TRO'CHEE, noun [Latin trochoeus; Greek, from.]

In verse, a foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short.

Trochilic

TROCHIL'IC, adjective Having power to draw out or turn round.

Trochilics

TROCHIL'ICS, noun [Greek, from; Latin trochilus.] The science of rotary motion.

Trochilus

TRO'CHILUS, or TRO'CHIL, noun [Latin trochilus; Greek, from, to run.]

1. An aquatic bird, a swift runner, with long legs, which is said to get its meat out of the crocodile's mouth.

Ainsworth.

2. A name given to the golden crowned wren.

Cyc.

3. In zoology, the humming bird or honey-sucker, a kind of beautiful little birds, natives of America.

Cyc.

4. In architecture, a hollow ring round a column; called also scotia, and by workmen, the casement.

Cyc.

Trochings

TRO'CHINGS, noun The small branches on the top of a deer's head.

Cyc.

Trochisch

TRO'CHISCH, noun [Greek.] A kind of tablet or lozenge.

Bacon.

Trochite

TRO'CHITE, noun [Latin trochus; Greek, to run.]

1. In natural history, a kind of figured fossil stone, resembling parts of plants, called St. Cuthbert's beads. These stones are usually of a brownish color; they break like spar, and are easily dissolved in vinegar. Their figure is generally cylindrical, sometimes a little tapering. Two, three or more of these joined, constitute an entrochus.

Cyc.

2. Fossil remains of the shells called trochus.

Trochlea

TROCH'LEA, noun [Latin a pulley, from Greek, to run.]

A pulley-like cartilage, through which the tendon of the trochleary muscle passes.

Coxe. Parr.

Trochleary

TROCH'LEARY, adjective [from Latin trochlea.] Pertaining to the trochlea; as the trochleary muscle, the superior oblique muscle of the eye; the trochleary nerve, the pathetic nerve, which goes to that muscle.

Parr.

Trochoid

TRO'CHOID, noun [Greek, Latin trochus, from, to run, and.]

In geometry, a curve generated by the motion of a wheel; the cycloid.

Cyc.

Trod

TROD, pret. of tread.

Trod

TROD, or TRODDEN, participle passive of tread.

Jerusalem shall be trodden down by the Gentiles. Luke 21.

Trode

TRODE, old pret. of tread.

Trode

TRODE, noun Tread; footing. Obs.

Spenser.

Troglodyte

TROG'LODYTE, noun [Greek, a cavern, and, to enter.]

The Troglodytes were a people of Ethiopia, represented by the ancients as living in caves, about whom we have many fables.

Cyc.

Troll

TROLL, verb transitive [German trollen; Welsh troliaw, to troll, to roll; troelli, to turn, wheel or whirl; troell, a wheel, a reel; trol, a roller. It is probably formed on roll.]

To move in a circular direction; to roll; to move volubly; to turn; to drive about.

They learn to roll the eye, and troll the tongue.

Troll about the bridal bowl.

B. Jonson.

Troll

TROLL, verb intransitive To roll; to run about; as, to troll in a coach and six.

Swift.

2. Among anglers, to fish for pikes with a rod whose line runs on a wheel or pulley.

Gay. Cyc.

Trolled

TROLLED, participle passive Rolled; turned about.

Trolling

TROLLING, participle of the present tense Rolling; turning; driving about; fishing with a rod and reel.

Trollop

TROL'LOP, noun [German trolle; from troll, strolling.]

A stroller; a loiterer; a woman loosely dressed; a slattern.

Milton.

Trollopee

TROLLOPEE', noun Formerly, a loose dress for females. Obs.

Goldsmith.

Trolmydames

TROL'MYDAMES, noun [French trou-madame.] The game of nine-holes.

Shak.

Tromp

TROMP, noun [See Trumpet.] A blowing machine formed of a hollow tree, used in furnaces.

Trompil

TROMP'IL, noun An aperture in a tromp.

Tronage

TRON'AGE, noun Formerly, a toll or duty paid for weighing wool.

Cyc.

Tronator

TRONA'TOR, noun An officer in London, whose business was to weigh wool.

Tronco

TRON'CO, noun [Latin truncus.] A term in Italian music, directing a note or sound to be cut short, or just uttered and then discontinued.

Cyc.

Trone

TRONE, noun A provincial word in some parts of England for a small drain.

Cyc.

Troop

TROOP, noun [French troupe; Italian truppa; Spanish Portugese tropa; Danish Dutch trop; German trupp; Swedish tropp. The Gaelic trapan, a bunch or cluster, is probably the same word. The sense is a crowd, or a moving crowd.]

1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude. Genesis 49:2 Samuel 23. Hosea 7.

That which should accompany old age,

As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,

I must not look to have.

Shak.

2. A body of soldiers. But applied to infantry, it is now used in the plural, troops, and this word signifies soldiers in general, whether more or less numerous, including infantry, cavalry and artillery. We apply the word to a company, a regiment or an army. The captain ordered his troops to halt; the colonel commanded his troops to wheel and take a position on the flank; the general ordered his troops to attack; the troops of France amounted to 400,000 men.

3. Troop, in the singular, a small body or company of cavalry, light horse or dragoons, commanded by a captain.

4. A company of stage-players.

Coxe's Russ.

Troop

TROOP, verb intransitive To collect in numbers.

Armies at the call of trumpet,

Troop to their standard.

Milton.

2. To march in a body.

I do not, as an enemy to peace,

Troop in the throngs of military men.

Shak.

3. To march in haste or in company.

Shak. Chapman.

Trooper

TROOP'ER, noun A private or soldier in a body of cavalry; a horse soldier.

Trooping

TROOP'ING, participle of the present tense Moving together in a crowd; marching in a body.

Trope

TROPE, noun [Latin tropus; Greek, from, to turn; Welsh trova, a turn, a tropic; trovÃƒ-¢u, to turn.]

In rhetoric, a word or expression used in a different sense from that which it properly signifies; or a word changed from its original signification to another, for the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea, as when we call a stupid fellow an ass, or a shrewd man a fox.

Tropes are chiefly of four kinds, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Some authors make figure the genus, of which trope is a species; others make them different things, defining trope to be a change of sense, and figure to be any ornament, except what becomes so by such change.

Trophied

TRO'PHIED, adjective [from trophy.] Adorned with trophies.

Ã‚--The trophied arches, storied halls invade.

Pope.

Trophy

TRO'PHY, noun [Latin tropoeum; Greek; French trophÃƒ-©e; Spanish Italian trofeo.]

1. Among the ancients, a pile of arms taken from a vanquished enemy, raised on the field of battle by the conquerors; also, the representation of such a pile in marble, on medals and the like; or according to others, trophies were trees planted in conspicuous places of the conquered provinces, and hung with the spoils of the enemy, in memory of the victory. Hence,

2. Any thing taken and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, standards and the like, taken from an enemy.

Around the posts hung helmets, darts and spears,

And captive chariots, axes, shields and bars,

And broken beaks of ships, the trophies of their wars.

Dryden.

3. In architecture, an ornament representing the stem of a tree, charged or encompassed with arms and military weapons, offensive and defensive.

Cyc.

4. Something that is evidence of victory; memorial of conquest.

Present every hearer to Christ as a trophy of grace.

Trophy-Money

TRO'PHY-MONEY, noun A duty paid in England annually by house-keepers, towards providing harness, drums, colors, &c. for the militia.

Cyc.

Tropic

TROP'IC, noun [French tropique; Latin tropicus; from the Greek, a turning; to turn.]

1. In astronomy, a circle of the sphere drawn through a solstitial point, parallel to the equator; or the line which bounds the sun's declination from the equator, north or south. This declination is twenty-three degrees and a half nearly. There are two tropics; the tropic of Cancer, on the north of the equator, and the tropic of Capricorn on the south.

2. Tropics, in geography, are two lesser circles of the globe, drawn parallel to the equator through the beginning of Cancer and of Capricorn.

Tropical

TROP'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the tropics; being within the tropics; as tropical climates; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical winds.

2. Incident to the tropics; as tropical diseases.

3. [from trope.] Figurative; rhetorically changed from its proper or original sense.

The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between the tropical or allusive part of the parable, and the thing intended by it.

South.

Tropical writing or hieroglyphic, is such as represents a thing by qualities which resemble it.

Warburton.

Tropically

TROP'ICALLY, adverb In a tropical or figurative manner.

Enfield.

Tropic-Bird

TROP'IC-BIRD, noun An aquatic fowl of the genus Phaeton, with a long slender tail and remarkable powers of flight.

Ed. Encyc.

Tropist

TRO'PIST, noun [from trope.] One who explains the Scriptures by tropes and figures of speech; one who deals in tropes.

Tropological

TROPOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Tropology.] Varied by tropes; changed from the original import of the words.

Tropology

TROPOL'OGY, noun [Greek, trope, and, discourse.]

A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes, or change from the original import of the word.

Brown.

Trossers

TROSS'ERS, noun Trowsers. [Not used.] [See Trowsers.]

Shak.

Trot

TROT, verb intransitive [French trotter; German trotten, to trot, to tread; Italian trottare; Spanish Portugese trotar; allied probably to tread and to strut.]

1. To move faster than in walking, as a horse or other quadruped, by lifting one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side at the same time.

Cyc.

2. To walk or move fast; or to run.

He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night.

Franklin.

Trot

TROT, noun The pace of a horse or other quadruped, when he lifts one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side at the same time. This pace is the same as that of a walk, but more rapid. The trot is often a jolting hard motion, but in some horses, it is as easy as the amble or pace, and has a more stately appearance.

2. An old woman; in contempt.

Troth

TROTH, noun [Saxon treothe; the old orthography of truth. See Truth.]

1. Belief; faith; fidelity; as, to plight one's troth. Obs.

Shak.

2. Truth; verity; veracity; as in troth; by my troth. Obs.

Trothless

TROTH'LESS, adjective Faithless; treacherous. Obs.

Fairfax.

Troth-Plight

TROTH'-PLIGHT, verb transitive To betroth or affiance. Obs.

Troth-Plight

TROTH'-PLIGHT, adjective Betrothed; espoused; affianced. Obs.

Shak.

Troth-Plight

TROTH'-PLIGHT, noun The act of betrothing or plighting faith.

Trotter

TROT'TER, noun A beast that trots, or that usually trots.

2. A sheep's foot.

Trotting

TROT'TING, participle of the present tense Moving with a trot; walking fast, or running.

Trouble

TROUBLE, v. t. trub'l. [French troubler; Italian turbare; Spanish Portugese turbar; Latin turbo; Gaelic, treabhlaim, which seems to be connected with treabham, to plow, that is, to turn or to stir, Welsh torva, Latin turba, a crowd, and perhaps trova, a turn; Greek. The primary sense is to turn or to stir, to whirl about, as in Latin turbo, turbinis, a whirlwind. Hence the sense of agitation, disturbance.]

1. To agitate; to disturb; to put into confused motion.

God looking forth will trouble all his host.

Milton.

An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John 5.

2. To disturb; to perplex.

Never trouble youself about those faults which age will cure.

Locke.

3. To afflict; to grieve; to distress.

Those that trouble me, rejoice when I am moved. Psalm 13.

4. To busy; to cause to be much engaged or anxious.

Martha, thou art careful, and troubled about many things. Luke 10.

5. To tease; to vex; to molest.

The boy so troubles me,

'Tis past enduring.

Shak.

6. To give occasion for labor to. I will not trouble you to deliver the letter. I will not trouble myself in this affair.

7. To sue for a debt. He wishes not to trouble his debtors.

Trouble

TROUBLE, n. trub'l. Disturbance of mind; agitation; commotion of spirits; perplexity; a word of very extensive application.

2. Affliction; calamity.

He shall deliver thee in six troubles. Job 5.

Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. Psalm 25.

3. Molestation; inconvenience; annoyance.

Lest the fiend some new trouble raise.

Milton.

4. Uneasiness; vexation.

Milton.

5. That which gives disturbance, annoyance or vexation; that which afflicts.

Troubled

TROUBLED, pp. trub'ld. Disturbed; agitated; afflicted; annoyed; molested.

Troubler

TROUBLER, n. trub'ler. One who disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as a troubler of the peace.

The rich troublers of the world's repose.

Waller.

Troublesome

TROUBLESOME, a. trub'lsome. Giving trouble or disturbance; molesting; annoying; vexatious. In warm climates, insects are very troublesome.

2. Burdensome; tiresome; wearisome.

My mother will never be troublesome to me.

Pope.

3. Giving inconvenience to. I wish not to be troublesome as a guest.

4. Teasing; importunate; as a troublesome applicant.

Troublesomely

TROUBLESOMELY, adv. trub'lsomely. In a manner or degree to give trouble; vexatiously.

Troublesomeness

TROUBLESOMENESS, n. trub'lsomeness.

1. Vexatiousness; the quality of giving trouble or of molesting.

Bacon.

2. Unseasonable intrusion; importunity.

Trouble-State

TROUBLE-STATE, noun A disturber of the community. [Not used.]

Troubling

TROUBLING, ppr. trub'ling. Disturbing; agitating; molesting; annoying; afflicting.

Troubling

TROUBLING, n. trub'ling. The act of disturbing or putting in commotion. John 5.

2. The act of afflicting.

Troublous

TROUBLOUS, a. trub'lus. Agitated; tumultuous; full of commotion.

A tall ship toss'd in troublous seas.

Spenser.

2. Full of trouble or disorder; tumultuous; full of affliction.

The street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. Danish ix.

Trough

TROUGH, n. trauf. [Saxon Dutch German trog; Danish trug; Italian truogo.]

1. A vessel hollow longitudinally, or a large log or piece of timber excavated longitudinally on the upper side; used for various purposes.

2. A tray. [This is the same word dialectically altered.]

3. A canoe; the rude boat of uncivilized men.

Abbot.

4. The channel that conveys water, as in mills.

The trough of the sea, the hollow between waves.

Troul

TROUL, for troll. [See Troll.]

Trounce

TROUNCE, v. t. trouns. [Qu. French tronÃƒ-§on, tronÃƒ-§onner.]

To punish, or to beat severely. [A low word.]

Trouse

TROUSE, n. trooz. [See Trowsers.] A kind of trowsers worn by children.

Trout

TROUT, noun [Saxon truht; French truite; Italian trota; Dutch truit; Latin trutta; Spanish trucha. Trout is contracted from trocta.]

A river fish of the genus Salmo, variegated with spots, and esteemed as most delicate food.

Trout-Colored

TROUT'-COLORED, adjective White with spots of black, bay or sorrel; as a trout-colored horse.

Trout-Fishing

TROUT'-FISHING, noun The fishing for trouts.

Trout-Stream

TROUT'-STREAM, noun A stream in which trout breed.

Trover

TRO'VER, noun [French trouver, Italian trovare, to find; Swedish tr?ffa, to hit; Danish treffer, to meet with; troef, an accident; Dutch German treffen, to meet, to hit.] Trover is properly the finding of any thing. Hence,

1. In law, the gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by other means.

2. An action which a man has against another who has found or obtained possession of any of his goods, and who refuses to deliver them on demand. This is called an action of trover and conversion. In this case, the trover or finding is an immaterial fact, but the plaintif must prove his own property, and the possession and conversion of the goods by the defendant.

Blackstone.

Trow

TROW, verb intransitive [Saxon treowian, treowan, to believe, to trust; German trauen; Swedish tro; Danish troer; contracted from trogan, and coinciding with the root of truth. See True.]

To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. Obs.

Spenser. Hooker.

Trow

TROW, is used in the imperative, as a word of inquiry. What means the fool, trow?

Trowel

TROW'EL, noun [French truelle; Latin trulla; Dutch troffel. Qu. Dutch German treffen, to hit, to strike, hence to put on.]

1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.

2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a trowel, made of iron and scooped; used in taking up plants and for other purposes.

Cyc.

Trowsers

TROWS'ERS, n. plu. s as z. [Gaelic, triusan; French trousse, a truss, a bundle; Welsh trws, a garment that covers; trouse, dress; trwsa, a truss, a packet; trwsiaw, to dress; Gaelic, trusam, to gird or truss up.]

A loose garment worn by males, extending from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering the lower limbs.

Troy

TROY, or TROY-WEIGHT, noun [said to have been named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. Some persons however say that the original name was tron.]

The weight by which gold and silver, jewels, &c. are weighed. In this weight, 20 grains = a scruple, 3 scruples = a dram, 8 drams = an ounce, and 12 ounces = one pound.

Truant

TRU'ANT, adjective [French truand.] Idle; wandering from business; loitering; as a truant boy.

While truant Jove, in infant pride,

Play'd barefoot on Olympus' side.

Trumbull.

Truant

TRU'ANT, noun An idler; an idle boy.

Dryden.

Truant

TRU'ANT, verb intransitive To idle away time; to loiter or be absent from employment.

Shak.

Truantly

TRU'ANTLY, adverb Like a truant; in idleness.

Truantship

TRU'ANTSHIP, noun Idleness; neglect of employment.

Ascham.

Trubs

TRUBS, noun An herb.

Ainsworth.

Trubtail

TRUB'TAIL, noun A short squat woman. Obs.

Ainsworth.

Truce

TRUCE, noun [Gothic triggwa; Italian tregua; Norm. trewe; Icelandic trigd; Cimbric, trugth; properly a league or pact, from the root of trick, to make fast, to fold. See True.]

1. In war, a suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders; a temporary cessation of hostilities, either for negotiation or other purpose.

2. Intermission of action, pain or contest; temporary cessation; short quiet.

There he may find

Truce to his restless thoughts.

Milton.

Truce-Breaker

TRU'CE-BREAKER, noun [truce and breaker.] One who violates a truce, covenant or engagement. 2 Timothy 3.

Truchman

TRUCH'MAN, noun An interpreter. [See Dragoman.]

Trucidation

TRUCIDA'TION, noun [Latin trucido, to kill.] The act of killing.

Truck

TRUCK, verb intransitive [French troquer; Spanish Portugese trocar; allied probably to Welsh trwc, Latin trochus, a round thing, truck; Greek,.]

To exchange commodities; to barter. Our traders truck with the Indians, giving them whiskey and trinkets for skins. [Truck is now vulgar.]

Truck

TRUCK, verb transitive To exchange; to give in exchange; to barter; as, to truck knives for gold dust. [Vulgar.]

Swift.

Truck

TRUCK, noun Permutation; exchange of commodities; barter.

2. A small wooden wheel not bound with iron; a cylinder.

3. A small wheel; hence trucks, a low carriage for carrying goods, stone, &c. Indeed this kind of carriage is often called a truck, in the singular.

Truckage

TRUCK'AGE, noun The practice of bartering goods.

Milton.

Trucker

TRUCK'ER, noun One who trafficks by exchange of goods.

Trucking

TRUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Exchanging goods; bartering.

Truckle

TRUCK'LE, noun A small wheel or caster.

Hudibras.

Truckle

TRUCK'LE, verb intransitive [dim. of truck.] To yield or bend obsequiously to the will of another; to submit; to creep. Small states must truckle to large ones.

Religion itself is forced to truckle with worldly policy.

Norris.

Truckle-Bed

TRUCK'LE-BED, noun [truckle and bed.] A bed that runs on wheels and may be pushed under another; a trundle-bed.

Truckling

TRUCK'LING, participle of the present tense Yielding obsequiously to the will of another.

Truculence

TRU'CULENCE, noun [Latin truculentia, from trux, fierce, savage.]

1. Savageness of manners; ferociousness.

2. Terribleness of countenance.

Truculent

TRU'CULENT, adjective Fierce; savage; barbarous; as the truculent inhabitants of Scythia.

Ray.

2. Of a ferocious aspect.

3. Cruel; destructive; as a truculent plague.

Harvey.

Trudge

TRUDGE, verb intransitive To travel on foot. The father rode; the son trudged on behind.

2. To travel or march with labor.

Ã‚--And trudg'd to Rome upon my naked feet.

Dryden.

True

TRUE, adjective [Saxon treow, treowe, faithful, and as a noun, faith, trust; Swedish tro; Danish troe; German treu; Dutch trouw, trust, loyalty, fidelity, faith; trouwen, to marry; Gothic triggus, faithful; triggwa. a pact or league, a truce. This is the real orthography, coinciding with Swedish trygg, Danish tryg, safe, secure, and Welsh trigiaw, to stay, to tarry, to dwell, that is, to stop, to set. The primary sense of the root is to make close and fast, to set, or to stretch, strain, and thus make straight and close.]

1. Conformable to fact; being in accordance with the actual state of things; as a true relation or narration; a true history. A declaration is true, when it states the facts. In this sense, true is opposed to false.

2. Genuine; pure; real; not counterfeit, adulterated or false; as true balsam; the true bark; true love of country; a true christian.

Ã‚--The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John 1.

3. Faithful; steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince or to the state; loyal; not false, fickle or perfidious; as a true friend; a true lover; a man true to his king, true to his country, true to his word; a husband true to his wife; a wife true to her husband; a servant true to his master; an officer true to his charge.

4. Free from falsehood; as a true witness.

5. Honest; not fraudulent; as good men and true.

If king Edward be as true and justÃ‚--

Shak.

6. Exact; right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; as a true copy; a true likeness of the original.

7. Straight; right; as a true line; the true course of a ship.

8. Not false or pretended; real; as, Christ was the true Messiah.

9. Rightful; as, George IV. is the true king of England.

Trueborn

TRUEBORN, adjective [true and born.] Of genuine birth; having a right by birth to any title; as a trueborn Englishman.

Shak.

Truebred

TRUEBRED, adjective [true and bred.] Of a genuine or right breed; as a truebred beast.

Dryden.

2. Being of genuine breeding or education; as a truebred gentleman.

Truehearted

TRUEHE`ARTED, adjective [true and heart.] Being of a faithful heart; honest; sincere; not faithless or deceitful; as a truehearted friend.

Trueheartedness

TRUEHE`ARTEDNESS, noun Fidelity; loyalty; sincerity.

Truelove

TRUELOVE, noun [true and love.] One really beloved.

2. A plant, the herb Paris.

Truelove-Knot

TRUELOVE-KNOT, noun [Qu. is not this from the Danish trolover, to betroth, to promise in marriage; troe, true, and lover, to promise; the knot of faithful promise or engagement.]

A knot composed of lines united with many involutions; the emblem of interwoven affection or engagements.

Trueness

TRUENESS, noun Faithfulness; sincerity.

2. Reality; genuineness.

3. Exactness; as the trueness of a line.

Truepenny

TRUEPENNY, noun [true and penny.] A familiar phrase for an honest fellow.

Bacon.

Truffle

TRUF'FLE, noun [French truffe; Spanish trufa, deceit, imposition, and truffles; and if this vegetable is named from its growth under ground, it accords with Italian truffare, to deceive.]

A subterraneous vegetable production, or a kind of mushroom, of a fleshy fungous structure and roundish figure; an esculent substance, much esteemed. It is of the genus Tuber.

Cyc.

Truffle-Worm

TRUF'FLE-WORM, noun A worm found in truffles, the larva of a fly.

Cyc.

Trug

TRUG, noun A hod. This is our trough and tray; the original pronunciation being retained in some parts of England. The word was also used formerly for a measure of wheat, as much, I suppose as was carried in a trough; three trugs making two bushels.

Truism

TRU'ISM, noun [from true.] An undoubted or self-evident truth.

Trifling truisms clothed in great swelling words of vanityÃ‚--

J. P. Smith.

Trull

TRULL, noun [Welsh troliaw, to troll or roll, whence stroll; or truliaw, to drill. Qu. Greek.] A low vagrant strumpet.

Trullization

TRULLIZA'TION, noun [Latin trullisso.] The laying of strata of plaster with a trowel.

Truly

TRU'LY, adverb [from true.] In fact; in deed; in reality.

2. According to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to see things truly; the facts are truly represented.

3. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached to a lover. The citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their country.

4. Exactly; justly; as, to estimate truly the weight of evidence.

Trump

TRUMP, noun [Italian tromba; Gaelic, trompa. See Trumpet.]

1. A trumpet; a wind instrument of music; a poetical word used for trumpet. It is seldom used in prose, in common discourse; but is used in Scripture, where it seems peculiarly appropriate to the grandeur of the subject.

At the last trump; for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised. 1 Corinthians 15:1 Thessalonians 4.

2. [contracted from triumph, Italian trionfo, French triomphe.] A winning card; one of the suit of cards which takes any of the other suits.

3. An old game with cards.

To put to the trumps, or To put on the trumps, to reduce to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion of power.

Trump

TRUMP, verb transitive To take with a trump card.

2. To obtrude; also, to deceive. [French tromper.] [Not in use.]

To trump up, to devise; to seek and collect from every quarter.

Trump

TRUMP, verb intransitive To blow a trumpet.

Wickliffe.

Trumpery

TRUMP'ERY, noun [French tromperie.] Falsehood; empty talk.

Raleigh.

2. Useless matter; things worn out and cast side.

[This is the sense of the word in New England.]

Trumpet

TRUMP'ET, noun [Italian tromba, trombetta; Spanish trompa, trompeta; French trompette; Gaelic, trompa, trompaid; German trompete; Dutch Swedish trompet; Danish trompette; Armoric trompett. The radical letters and the origin are not ascertained.]

1. A wind instrument of music, used chiefly in war and military exercises. It is very useful also at sea, in speaking with ships. There is a speaking trumpet, and a hearing trumpet. They both consist of long tubular bodies, nearly in the form of a parabolic conoid, with wide mouths.

The trumpet's loud clangor

Excites us to arms.

Dryden.

2. In the military style, a trumpeter.

He wisely desired that a trumpet might be first sent for a pass.

Clarendon.

3. One who praises or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it. A great politician was pleased to be the trumpet of his praises.

Trumpet

TRUMP'ET, verb transitive To publish by sound of trumpet; also, to proclaim; as, to trumpet good tidings.

They did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they could devise against the Irish.

Bacon.

Trumpeted

TRUMP'ETED, participle passive Sounded abroad; proclaimed.

Trumpeter

TRUMP'ETER, noun One who sounds a trumpet.

Dryden.

2. One who proclaims, publishes or denounces.

These men are good trumpeters.

Bacon.

3. A bird, a variety of the domestic pigeon. Also, a bird of South America, the agami, of the genus Psophia, about the size of the domestic fowl; so called from its uttering a hollow noise, like that of a trumpet.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

Trumpet-Fish

TRUMP'ET-FISH, noun A fish of the genus Centriscus, (C. scolopax;) called also the bellows fish.

Cyc.

Trumpet-Flower

TRUMP'ET-FLOWER, noun A flower of the genus Bignonia, and another of the genus Lonicera.

Cyc.

Trumpet Honeysuckle

TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE, noun A plant of the genus Lonicera.

Trumpeting

TRUMP'ETING, participle of the present tense Blowing the trumpet; proclaiming.

Trumpet-Shell

TRUMP'ET-SHELL, noun The name of a genus of univalvular shells, of the form of a trumpet, (Buccinum, Linne.)

Cyc.

Trumpet-Tongued

TRUMP'ET-TONGUED, adjective Having a tongue vociferous as a trumpet.

Shak.

Trumplike

TRUMP'LIKE, adjective Resembling a trumpet.

Chapman.

Truncate

TRUNC'ATE, verb transitive [Latin trunco, to cut off, Welsh tryÃƒ-§u, Armoric troucha; coinciding with French trancher.] To cut off; to lop; to maim.

Truncate

TRUNC'ATE, adjective In botany, appearing as if cut off at the tip; ending in a tranverse line; as a truncate leaf.

Martyn.

Truncated

TRUNC'ATED, participle passive Cut off; cut short; maimed. A truncated cone is one whose vertex is cut off by a plane parallel to its base.

2. Appearing as if cut off; plane; having no edge; as a mineral substance.

Phillips.

Truncating

TRUNC'ATING, participle of the present tense Cutting off.

Truncation

TRUNCA'TION, noun The act of lopping or cutting off.

Truncheon

TRUN'CHEON, noun [French tronÃƒ-§on, from tronc, trunk, Latin truncus.]

A short staff; a club; a cudgel; a battoon; used by kings and great officers as a mark of command.

The marshal's truncheon nor the judge's robe.

Shak.

Truncheon

TRUN'CHEON, verb transitive To beat with a truncheon; to cudgel.

Shak.

Truncheoneer

TRUNCHEONEE'R, noun A person armed with a truncheon.

Trundle

TRUN'DLE, verb intransitive [Saxon troendle, trendle, any round body; Danish Swedish trind, round; Welsh tron, a circle, a round, a throne; troni, to rim; from the root of rundle, round.]

1. To roll, as on little wheels; as, a bed trundles under another.

2. To roll; as a bowl.

Trundle

TRUN'DLE, verb transitive To roll, as a thing on little wheels; as, to trundle a bed or a guncarriage.

Trundle

TRUN'DLE, noun A round body; a little wheel, or a kind of low cart with small wooden wheels.

Trundle-Bed

TRUN'DLE-BED, noun A bed that is moved on trundles or little wheels; called also truckle-bed.

Trundle-Tail

TRUN'DLE-TAIL, noun A round tail; a dog so called from his tail.

Shak.

Trunk

TRUNK, noun [French tronc; Italian troncone; Spanish tronco; Latin truncus, from trunco, to cut off. The primitive Celtic word of this family is in French trancher, Italian trinciare, Spanish trincar, trinchar. The n is not radical, for in Armoric the word is troucha, Welsh tryÃƒ-§u.]

1. The stem or body of a tree, severed from its roots. This is the proper sense of the word. But surprising as it may seem, it is used most improperly to signify the stem of a standing tree or vegetable, in general.

Milton. Dryden.

2. The body of an animal without the limbs.

Shak.

3. The main body of any thing; as the trunk of a vein or of an artery, as distinct from the branches.

4. The snout or proboscis of an elephant; the limb or instrument with which he feeds himself.

5. A slender, oblong, hollow body, joined to the fore part of the head of many insects, by means of which they suck the blood of animals or the juices of vegetables.

6. In architecture, the fust or shaft of a column.

7. A long tube through which pellets of clay are blown.

Ray.

8. A box or chest covered with skin.

Fire-trunks, in fire ships, wooden funnels fixed under the shrouds to convey or lead the flames to the masts and rigging.

Trunk

TRUNK, verb transitive To lop off; to curtail; to truncate. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Trunked

TRUNK'ED, participle passive Cut off; curtailed. Obs.

2. Having a trunk.

Howell.

Trunk-Hose

TRUNK'-HOSE, noun [trunk and hose.] Large breeches formerly worn.

Prior.

Trunnion

TRUN'NION, noun [French trognon.] The trunnions of a piece of ordnance, are two knobs which project from the opposite sides of a piece, whether gun, mortar or howitzer, and serve to support it on the cheeks of the carriage.

Mar. Dict.

Trunnion-Plate

TRUN'NION-PLATE, noun The trunnion plates are two plates in traveling carriages, mortars and howitzers, which cover the upper parts of the side-pieces, and go under the trunnions.

Cyc.

Trunnion-Ring

TRUN'NION-RING, noun A ring on a cannon next before the trunnions.

Trusion

TRU'SION, n. tru'zhon. [Latin trudo.] The act of pushing or thrusting.

Bentley.

Truss

TRUSS, noun [French trousse; Danish trosse, a cord or rope; Swedish tross; Welsh trwsa, a truss, a packet. See Trowsers.]

1. In a general sense, a bundle; as a truss of hay or straw. A truss of hay in England is half a hundred. A truss of straw is of different weights in different places.

2. In surgery, a bandage or apparatus used in cases of ruptures, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further protrusion, and for other purposes.

Cyc.

3. Among botanists, a truss or bunch is a tuft of flowers formed at the top of the main stalk or stem of certain plants.

Cyc.

4. In navigation, a machine to pull a lower yard close to its mast and retain it firmly in that position.

Cyc.

5. [See Trous.]

Truss

TRUSS, verb transitive To bind or pack close.

Shak.

2. To skewer; to make fast.

To truss up, to strain; to make close or tight.

Trussed

TRUSS'ED, participle passive Packed or bound closely.

Trussing

TRUSS'ING, participle of the present tense Packing or binding closely.

Trust

TRUST, noun [Danish trÃƒ-¶st, consolation; trÃƒ-¶ster, to comfort, that is, to strengthen; mistrÃƒ-¶ster, to distrust, to discourage; Swedish tr?st, confidence, trust, consolation; tr?sta, to console; misstr?sta, to distrust, to despair. The Saxon has trywsian, to trust, to obligate. Qu. Greek.]

1. Confidence; a reliance or resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, justice, friendship or other sound principle of another person.

He that putteth his trust in the Lord shall be safe. Proverbs 29.

2. He or that which is the ground of confidence.

O Lord God, thou art my trust from my youth. Psalm 71.

3. Charge received in confidence.

Reward them well, if they observe their trust.

Denham.

4. That which is committed to one's care. Never violate a sacred trust.

5. Confident opinion of any event.

His trust was with th' Eternal to be deem'd Equal in strength.

Milton.

6. Credit given without examination; as, to take opinions on trust.

7. Credit on promise of payment, actual or implied; as, to take or purchase goods on trust.

8. Something committed to a person's care for use or management, and for which an account must be rendered. Every man's talents and advantages are a trust committed to him by his Maker, and for the use or employment of which he is accountable.

9. Confidence; special reliance on supposed honesty.

10. State of him to whom something is entrusted.

I serve him truly, that will put me in trust.

Shak.

11. Care; management. 1 Timothy 6.

12. In law, an estate, devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will of another; an estate held for the use of another.

Blackstone.

Trust

TRUST, verb transitive To place confidence in; to rely on. We cannot trust those who have deceived us.

He that trusts every one without reserve, will at last be deceived.

Rambler.

2. To believe; to credit.

Trust me, you look well.

Shak.

3. To commit to the care of, in confidence. Trust your Maker with yourself and all your concerns.

4. To venture confidently.

Fool'd by thee, to trust thee from my side.

Milton.

5. To give credit to; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment. The merchants and manufacturers trust their customers annually with goods to the value of millions.

It is happier to be sometimes cheated, than not to trust.

Rambler.

Trust

TRUST, verb intransitive To be confident of something present or future.

I trust to come to you, and speak face to face. 2 John 12.

We trust we have a good conscience. Hebrews 13.

2. To be credulous; to be won to confidence.

Well, you may fear too farÃ‚--

Safer than trust too far.

Shak.

To trust in, to confide in; to place confidence in; to rely on; a use frequent in the Scriptures.

Trust in the Lord, and do good. Psalm 37.

They shall be greatly ashamed that trust in graven images. Isaiah 42.

To trust to, to depend on; to have confidence in; to rely on.

The men of IsraelÃ‚--trusted to the liers in wait. Judges 20.

Trusted

TRUST'ED, participle passive Confided in; relied on; depended on; applied to persons.

2. Sold on credit; as goods or property.

3. Delivered in confidence to the care of another; as letters or goods trusted to a carrier or bailee.

Trustee

TRUSTEE', noun A person to whom any thing or business is committed, in confidence that he will discharge his duty. The trustee of an estate is one to whom it is devised or granted in trust, or for the use of another.

2. A person to whom is confided the management of an institution; as the trustees of a college or of an academy.

Truster

TRUST'ER, noun One who trusts or gives credit.

Trustily

TRUST'ILY, adverb [from trusty.] Faithfully; honestly; with fidelity.

Trustiness

TRUST'INESS, noun [from trusty.] That quality of a person by which he deserves the confidence of others; fidelity; faithfulness; honesty; as the trustiness of a servant.

Trusting

TRUST'ING, participle of the present tense Confiding in; giving credit; relying on.

Trustingly

TRUST'INGLY, adverb With trust or implicit confidence.

Trustless

TRUST'LESS, adjective Not worthy of trust; unfaithful.

Spenser.

Trusty

TRUST'Y, adjective That may be safely trusted; that justly deserves confidence; fit to be confided in; as a trusty servant.

Addison.

2. That will not fail; strong; firm; as a trusty sword.

Spenser.

Truth

TRUTH, noun [Saxon treowth, truth, and troth; German treue; Dutch getrouwheid, fidelity, from trouw. trust, faith, fidelity, whence trouwen, to marry.]

1. Conformity to fact or reality; exact accordance with that which is, or has been, or shall be. The truth of history constitutes its whole value. We rely on the truth of the scriptural prophecies.

My mouth shall speak truth. Proverbs 8.

Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth. John 17.

2. True state of facts or things. The duty of a court of justice is to discover the truth. Witnesses are sworn to declare the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

3. Conformity of words to thoughts, which is called moral truth.

Shall truth fail to keep her word?

Milton.

4. Veracity; purity from falsehood; practice of speaking truth; habitual disposition to speak truth; as when we say, a man is a man of truth.

5. Correct opinion.

Harte.

6. Fidelity; constancy.

The thoughts of past pleasure and truth,

The best of all blessings below.

Song.

7. Honesty; virtue.

It must appear

That malice bears down truth.

Shak.

8. Exactness; conformity to rule.

Plows, to go true, depend much on the truth of the iron work. [Not in use.]

Mortimer.

9. Real fact or just principle; real state of things. There are innumerable truths with which we are not acquainted.

10. Sincerity.

God is a spirit, and they that worship him must worship in spirit and in truth. John 4.

11. The truth of God, is his veracity and faithfulness. Psalm 71.

Or his revealed will.

I have walked in thy truth. Psalm 26.

12. Jesus Christ is called the truth. John 14.

13. It is sometimes used by way of concession.

She said, truth, Lord; yet the dogs eat of the crumsÃ‚-- Matthew 15.

That is, it is a truth; what you have said, I admit to be true.

In truth, in reality; in fact.

Of a truth, in reality; certainly.

To do truth, is to practice what God commands. John 3.

Truthful

TRUTHFUL, adjective Full of truth.

Barrington.

Truthless

TRUTHLESS, adjective Wanting truth; wanting reality.

2. Faithless.

Fuller.

Trutination

TRUTINA'TION, noun [Latin trutina, a balance; trutinor, to weigh.] The act of weighing. [Not used.]

Brown.

Truttaceous

TRUTTA'CEOUS, adjective [from Latin trutta, trout.] Pertaining to the trout; as fish of the truttaceous genus.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Try

TRY, verb intransitive [This word is from the root of Danish trekker, to draw, or trykker, Swedish trycka, to press, to urge; trachta, to seek or strive to obtain; Dutch tragten, to endeavor; Danish tragter, id. The primary sense of all these words is to strain, to use effort, to stretch forward.]

To exert strength; to endeavor; to make an effort; to attempt. Try to learn; try to lift a weight. The horses tried to draw the load. [These phrases give the true sense.]

Try

TRY, verb transitive To examine; to make experiment on; to prove by experiment.

Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me.

Shak.

2. To experience; to have knowledge by experience of.

Or try the Libyan heat, or Scythian cold.

Dryden.

3. To prove by a test; as, to try weights and measures by a standard; to try one's opinions by the divine oracles.

4. To act upon as a test.

The fire sev'n times tried this.

Shak.

5. To examine judicially by witnesses and the principles of law; as causes tried in court.

6. To essay; to attempt.

Let us try advent'rous work.

Milton.

7. To purify; to refine; as silver seven times tried.

8. To search carefully into. Psalm 11.

9. To use as means; as, to try remedies for a disease.

10. To strain; as, to try the eyes; the literal sense of the word.

To try tallow, &c. is to melt and separate it from the membranes.

To try out, to pursue efforts till a decision is obtained.

Trying

TRY'ING, participle of the present tense Exerting strength; attempting.

2. Examining by searching or comparison with a test; proving; using; straining, &c.

3. adjective Adapted to try, or put to severe trial.

Try-Sail

TRY'-SAIL, noun A sail used by a ship in a storm; literally the strain-sail.

Tub

TUB, noun [Dutch tobbe; German zuber; Gaelic, tubag.]

1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, heading and hoops; used for various domestic purposes, as for washing, for making cheese, &c.

2. A state of salivation; so called because the patient was formerly sweated in a tub. [Not in use.]

Shak.

3. A certain quantity; as a tub of tea, which is 60 pounds; a tub of camphor, from 56 to 80 pounds; a tub of vermilion, from 3 to 4 hundred pounds. [Local.]

Cyc.

4. A wooden vessel in which vegetables are planted, for the sake of being movable and set in a house in cold weather.

Tub

TUB, verb transitive To plant or set in a tub.

Tubber

TUB'BER, noun In Cornwall, a mining instrument, called in other places a beele. The man who uses this tool is called tubber-man or beel-man.

Cyc.

Tubbing

TUB'BING, participle of the present tense Setting in a tub.

Tube

TUBE, noun [French tube; Latin tubus.] A pipe; a siphon; a canal or conduit; a hollow cylinder, either of wood, metal or glass, used for the conveyance of fluids, and for various other purposes.

2. A vessel of animal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other substance.

3. In botany, the narrow hollow part of a monopetalous corol, by which it is fixed to the receptacle.

Martyn.

4. In artillery, an instrument of tin, used in quick firing.

Cyc.

Tube

TUBE, verb transitive To furnish with a tube; as, to tube a well.

Journ. of Science.

Tuber

TU'BER, noun In botany, a knob in roots, solid, with the component particles all similar.

Martyn.

Tubercle

TU'BERCLE, noun [French tubercule, from Latin tuberculum, from tuber, a bunch.]

1. A pimple; a small push, swelling or tumor on animal bodies.

2. A little knob, like a pimple, on plants; a little knob or rough point on the leaves of some lichens, supposed to be the fructification.

Martyn.

Tubercular

TUBER'CULAR, or TUBER'CULOUS, adjective Full of knobs or pimples.

Fourcroy.

2. Affected with tubercles.

Journ. of Science.

Tuberculate

TUBER'CULATE, adjective Having small knobs or pimples, as a plant.

Lee.

Tuberose

TU'BEROSE, noun [Latin tuberosa.] A plant with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower, the Polianthus tuberosa; formerly called the tuberous hyacinth.

Cyc.

Tuberous

TU'BEROUS, adjective [from Latin tuber, a bunch.] Knobbed. In botany, consisting of roundish fleshy bodies, or tubers, connected into a bunch by intervening threads; as the roots of artichokes and potatoes.

Martyn.

Tub-Fish

TUB'-FISH, noun [tub and fish.] A species of Trigla, sometimes called the flying-fish.

Cyc.

Tubipore

TU'BIPORE, noun [tube and pore.] A genus of zoophytes or corals.

Cyc.

Tubiporite

TU'BIPORITE, noun Fossil tubipores.

Tub-Man

TUB'-MAN, noun In the exchequer, a barrister so called.

Eng.

Tubular

TU'BULAR, adjective [from Latin tubus.] Having the form of a tube or pipe; consisting of a pipe; fistular; as a tubular snout; a tubular calyx.

Martyn.

Tubule

TU'BULE, noun [Latin tubulus.] A small pipe or fistular body.

Woodward.

Tubuliform

TU'BULIFORM, adjective Having the form of a tube.

Kirwan.

Tubulous

TU'BULOUS, adjective Longitudinally hollow.

2. Containing tubes; composed wholly of tubulous florets; as a tubulous compound flower.

3. In botany, having a bell-shaped border, with five reflex segments, rising from a tube; as a tubulous floret.

Martyn.

Tuch

TUCH, noun A kind of marble.

Herbert.

Tuck

TUCK, noun [Gaelic, tuca; Welsh twca; from the sense of cutting or thrusting, and the root of dock. The Italian has stocco, and the French estoc.]

1. A long narrow sword.

2. A kind of net.

Carew.

3. [from the verb following.] In a ship, the part where the ends of the bottom planks are collected under the stern.

Cyc.

4. A fold; a pull; a lugging. [See Tug.]

Tuck

TUCK, verb transitive [In German zucken signifies to stir, to stoop, to shrug. In some parts of England, this verb signifies to full, as cloth; Irish tucalam.]

1. To thrust or press in or together; to fold under; to press into a narrower compass; as, to tuck up a bed; to tuck up a garment; to tuck in the skirt of any thing.

Addison.

2. To inclose by tucking close around; as, to tuck a child into a bed.

Locke.

3. To full, as cloth. [Local.]

Tuck

TUCK, verb intransitive To contract; to draw together. [Not in use.]

Sharp.

Tucker

TUCK'ER, noun A small piece of linen for shading the breast of women.

Addison.

2. A fuller, whence the name. [Local.]

Tucket

TUCK'ET, noun [Italian tocato, a touch.] A flourish in music; a voluntary; a prelude.

2. [Italian tocchetto.] A steak; a collop.

Tucketsonance

TUCK'ETSONANCE, noun The sound of the tucket, an ancient instrument of music.

Shak.

Tucking

TUCK'ING, participle of the present tense Pressing under or together; folding.

Tuesday

TUESDAY, n. s as z. [Swedish Tisdag; Danish Tirsdag; Dutch Dingsdag; German Dingstag; Saxon Tiwoesdoeg or Tuesdoeg, from Tig, Tiig, or Tuisco, the Mars of our ancestors, the deity that presided over combats, strife and litigation. Hence Tuesday is court day, assize day; the day for combat or commencing litigation. See Thing.] The third day of the week.

Tufa

TU'FA, or TUF, noun [Italian tufo, porous ground; French tuf, soft gravel-stone or sandstone; German tof.]

A stone or porous substance formed by depositions from springs or rivulets, containing much earthy matter in solution. Tufa is also formed by the concretion of loose volcanic dust or cinders, cemented by water, or by the consolidation of mud thrown out of volcanoes. The disintegration and subsequent consolidation of basaltic rocks, forms a kind of tufa, called by the German geologists, trap-tuff.

Cyc.

Tufaceous

TUFA'CEOUS, adjective Pertaining to tufa; consisting of tufa, or resembling it.

Tuffoon

TUFFOON', noun [a corruption of typhon.] A violent tempest or tornado with thunder and lightning, frequent in the Chinese sea and the gulf of Tonquin.

Tuft

TUFT, noun [Welsh twf; French touffe, toupet; Swedish tofs; Spanish tupe, a tuft; tupir, to press together; tupa, satiety.]

1. A collection of small things in a knot or bunch; as a tuft of flowers; a tuft of fethers; a tuft of grass or hair. A tuft of fethers forms the crest of a bird.

Dryden. Addison.

2. A cluster; a clump; as a tuft of trees; a tuft of olives.

Shak.

3. In botany, a head of flowers, each elevated on a partial stalk, and all forming together a dense roundish mass. The word is sometimes applied to other collections, as little bundles of leaves, hairs and the like.

Cyc.

Tuft

TUFT, verb transitive To separate into tufts.

2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft.

Thomson.

Tuf-Taffeta

TUF-TAF'FETA, noun A villous kind of silk. [Not in use.]

Tufted

TUFT'ED, participle passive or adjective Adorned with a tuft, as the tufted duck; growing in a tuft or clusters, as a tufted grove.

Milton. Pope.

Tufty

TUFT'Y, adjective Abounding with tufts; growing in clusters; bushy.

Thomson.

Tug

TUG, verb transitive [Saxon teogan, teon; German ziehen, to draw; zug, a tug; French touer; Latin duco. See Tow, to drag.]

1. To pull or draw with great effort; to drag along with continued exertion; to haul along.

There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar.

Roscommon.

2. To pull; to pluck.

Ã‚--To ease the pain

His tugg'd ears suffer'd with a strain.

Hudibras.

Tug

TUG, verb intransitive To pull with great effort; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream.

2. To labor; to strive; to struggle.

They long wrestled and strenuously tugged for their liberty. [This is not elegant.]

Howe.

Tug

TUG, noun [German zug.] A pull with the utmost effort.

At the tug he fallsÃ‚--

Vast ruins come alongÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. A sort of carriage, used in some parts of England for conveying bavins or faggots and other things.

Cyc.

3. In some parts of New England, the traces of a harness are called tugs.

Tugger

TUG'GER, noun One who tugs, or pulls with great effort.

Tugging

TUG'GING, participle of the present tense Pulling or dragging with great exertion; hauling.

Tuggingly

TUG'GINGLY, adverb With laborious pulling.

Bailey.

Tuition

TUI'TION, noun [Latin tuitio, from tueor, to see, behold, protect, &c. This verb is probably contracted from tugo, Irish tuighim. If so, it coincides with the Danish tugt, education, tugter, to chastise, Dutch tugt, German zucht. In this case, it coincides nearly with Latin duco, to lead.]

1. Guardianship; superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward.

2. More especially, instruction; the act or business of teaching the various branches of learning. We place our children under the preceptors of academies for tuition. [This is now the common acceptation of the word.]

3. The money paid for instruction. In our colleges, the tuition is from thirty to forty dollars a year.

Tulip

TULIP, noun [French tulipe; Latin tulipa; Italian tulipano; Spanish tulipan; Dutch tulp; German tulpe; Swedish tulpan; Danish tulipan.]

A plant and a flower of the genus Tulipa, of a great variety of colors, and much cultivated for its beauty.

Tulip-Tree

TU'LIP-TREE, noun An American tree bearing flowers resembling the tulip, of the genus Liriodendron. Also, a tree of the genus Magnolia.

Lee.

Tumble

TUM'BLE, verb intransitive [Saxon tumbian, to tumble, to dance; Swedish tumla, to fall, to tumble; Danish tumler, to shake, toss, reel, tumble; French tomber; Spanish tumbar, to tumble, roll, keel, as a ship, to throw down; tumba, a tomb, a vault, a tumble or fall; Latin tumulus, tumultus, tumeo; Italian tomare, to fall; tombolare, to tumble; Welsh twmp, a hillock. The sense of tumble is derivative, probably from that of roundness, and this from swelling or turning.]

1. To roll; to roll about by turning one way and the other; as, a person in pain tumbles and tosses.

Shak.

2. To fall; to come down suddenly and violently; as, to tumble from a scaffold.

3. To roll down. The stone of Sisyphus is said to have tumbled to the bottom, as soon as it was carried up the hill.

Addison.

4. To play mountebank tricks.

Rowe.

Tumble

TUM'BLE, verb transitive To turn over; to turn or throw about for examination or searching; sometimes with over; as, to tumble over books or papers; to tumble over clothes. [To tumble over in thought, is not elegant.]

2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.

To tumble out, to throw or roll out; as, to tumble out casks from a store.

To tumble down, to throw down carelessly.

Locke.

Tumble

TUM'BLE, noun A fall.

L'Estrange.

Tumbled

TUM'BLED, participle passive Rolled; disturbed; rumpled; thrown down.

Tumbler

TUM'BLER, noun One who tumbles; one who plays the tricks of a mountebank.

Pope.

2. A large drinking glass.

3. A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from his practice of tumbling or turning over in flight. It is a short-bodied pigeon, of a plain color, black, blue or white.

Cyc.

4. A sort of dog, so called from his practice of tumbling before he attacks his prey.

Swan.

Tumbling

TUM'BLING, participle of the present tense Rolling about; falling; disturbing; rumpling.

Tumbling-home, in a ship, is the inclination of the top-sides from a perpendicular, towards the center of the ship; or the part of a ship which falls inward above the extreme breadth.

Cyc. Mar. Dict.

Tumbling-Bay

TUM'BLING-BAY, noun In a canal, an overfall or weir.

Cyc.

Tumbrel

TUM'BREL, noun [French tombereau, from tomber. See Tumble.]

1. A ducking stool for the punishment of scolds.

2. A dung-cart.

Tusser. Tatler.

3. A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or artillery, for conveying the tools of pioneers, cartridges and the like.

Tumbril

TUM'BRIL, noun A contrivance of the basket kind, or a kind of cage of osiers, willows, &c. for keeping hay and other food for sheep.

Cyc.

Tumefaction

TUMEFAC'TION, noun [Latin tumefacio, to make tumid. See Tumid.]

The act or process of swelling or rising into a tumor; a tumor; a swelling.

Tumefied

TU'MEFIED, participle passive [from tumefy.] Swelled; enlarged; as a tumefied joint.

Wiseman.

Tumefy

TU'MEFY, verb transitive [Latin tumefacio; tumidus, tumeo, and facio.] To swell, or cause to swell.

Tumefy

TU'MEFY, verb intransitive To swell; to rise in a tumor.

Tumefying

TU'MEFYING, participle of the present tense Swelling; rising in a tumor.

Tumid

TU'MID, adjective [Latin tumidus, from tumeo, to swell.]

1. Being swelled, enlarged or distended; as a tumid leg; tumid flesh.

2. Protuberant; rising above the level.

So high as heav'd the tumid hills.

Milton.

3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; bombastic; falsely sublime; as a tumid expression; a tumid style.

Boyle.

Tumidly

TU'MIDLY, adverb In a swelling form.

Tumidness

TU'MIDNESS, noun A swelling or swelled state.

Tumite

TU'MITE, noun A mineral. [See Thummerstone.]

Tumor

TU'MOR, noun [Latin from tumeo, to swell.] In surgery, a swelling; a morbid enlargement of any part of the body; a word of very comprehensive signification.

The morbid enlargement of a particular part, without being caused by inflammation.

Parr.

Any swelling which arises from the growth of distinct superfluous parts or substances, which did not make any part of the original structure of the body, or from a morbid increase in the bulk of other parts, which naturally and always existed in the human frame.

Cyc.

The term tumor is limited by Abernethy to such swellings as arise from new productions, and includes only the sarcomatous and encysted tumors.

Parr.

An encysted tumor is one which is formed in a membrane called a cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring cellular substance. There are also fatty tumors, called lipomatous or adipose, (adipose sarcoma,) formed by an accumulation of fat in a limited extent of the cellular substance.

Cyc.

2. Affected pomp; bombast in language; swelling words or expressions; false magnificence or sublimity. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Tumored

TU'MORED, noun Distended; swelled.

Junius.

Tumorous

TU'MOROUS, adjective Swelling; protuberant.

Wotton.

2. Vainly pompous; bombastic; as language or style. [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Tump

TUMP, noun [infra.] A little hillock.

Tump

TUMP, verb transitive [Welsh twmp, a round mass, a hillock; Latin tumulus. See Tomb.]

In gardening, to form a mass of earth or a hillock round a plant; as, to tump teasel. [This English phrase is not used in America, but it answers nearly to our hilling. See Hill.]

Tumped

TUMP'ED, participle passive Surrounded with a hillock of earth.

Tumping

TUMP'ING, participle of the present tense Raising a mass of earth round a plant.

Tumular

TU'MULAR, adjective [Latin tumulus, a heap.] Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock.

Pinkerton.

Tumulate

TU'MULATE, verb intransitive To swell. [Not in use.]

Tumulosity

TUMULOS'ITY, noun [infra.] Hilliness.

Bailey.

Tumulous

TU'MULOUS, adjective [Latin tumulosus.] Full of hills.

Bailey.

Tumult

TU'MULT, noun [Latin tumultus, a derivative from tumeo, to swell.]

1. The commotion, disturbance or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar and confusion of voices.

What meaneth the noise of this tumult? 1 Samuel 4.

Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose.

Pope.

2. Violent commotion or agitation with confusion of sounds; as the tumult of the elements.

Spectator.

3. Agitation; high excitement; irregular or confused motion; as the tumult of the spirits or passions.

4. Bustle; stir.

Tumult

TU'MULT, verb intransitive To make a tumult; to be in great commotion.

Milton.

Tumultuarily

TUMULT'UARILY, adverb [from tumultuary.] In a tumultuary or disorderly manner.

Tumultuariness

TUMULT'UARINESS, noun Disorderly or tumultuous conduct; turbulence; disposition to tumult.

K. Charles.

Tumultuary

TUMULT'UARY, adjective [French tumultuaire; from Latin tumultus.]

1. Disorderly; promiscuous; confused; as a tumultuary conflict.

K. Charles.

2. Restless; agitated; unquiet.

Men who live without religion, live always in a tumultuary and restless state.

Atterbury.

Tumultuate

TUMULT'UATE, verb intransitive [Latin tumultuo.] To make a tumult. [Not used.]

South.

Tumultuation

TUMULTUA'TION, noun Commotion; irregular or disorderly movement; as the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid.

Boyle.

Tumultuous

TUMULT'UOUS, adjective [French tumultueux.] Conducted with tumult; disorderly; as a tumultuous conflict; a tumultuous retreat.

2. Greatly agitated; irregular; noisy; confused; as a tumultuous assembly or meeting.

3. Agitated; disturbed; as a tumultuous breast.

4. Turbulent; violent; as a tumultuous speech.

5. Full of tumult and disorder; as a tumultuous state or city.

Sidney.

Tumultuously

TUMULT'UOUSLY, adverb In a disorderly manner; by a disorderly multitude.

Tumultuousness

TUMULT'UOUSNESS, noun The state of being tumultuous; disorder; commotion.

Tun

TUN, noun [Saxon Swedish tunna, a cask; French tonne, tonneau; Irish tonna; Armoric tonnell; Spanish Portugese tonel, tonelada; German tonne; Dutch ton; Welsh tynell, a barrel or tun. This word seems to be from the root of Latin teneo, to hold, Greek, to stretch, Welsh tyn, stretched, strained, tight, tynÃƒ-¢u, to strain, to tighten; and this seems also to be the Saxon tun, a town, for this word signifies also a garden, evidently from enclosing, and a class, from collecting or holding.]

1. In a general sense, a large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops.

2. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, oil, &c.

3. A quantity of wine, consisting of two pipes or four hogsheads, or 252 gallons.

In different countries, the tun differs in quantity.

4. In commerce, the weight of twenty hundreds gross, each hundred consisting of 112lb.=2240lb. But by a law of Connecticut, passed June 1827, gross weight is abolished, and a tun is the weight of 2000lb. It is also a practice in N. York to sell by 2000lb. to the tun.

5. A certain weight by which the burden of a ship is estimated; as a ship of three hundred tuns, that is, a ship that will carry three hundred times two thousand weight. Forty two cubic feet are allowed to a tun.

6. A certain quantity of timber, consisting of forty solid feet if round, or fifty four feet if square.

Cyc.

7. Proverbially, a large quantity.

Shak.

8. In burlesque, a drunkard.

Dryden.

9. At the end of names, tun, ton, or don, signifies town, village, or hill.

Tun

TUN, verb transitive To put into casks.

Bacon. Boyle.

Tunable

TU'NABLE, adjective [from tune.] Harmonious; musical.

And tunable as sylvan pipe or song.

Milton.

2. That may be put in tune.

Tunableness

TU'NABLENESS, noun Harmony; melodiousness.

Tunably

TU'NABLY, adverb Harmoniously; musically.

Tun-Bellied

TUN'-BELLIED, adjective [tun and belly.] Having a large protuberant belly.

Entick.

Tun-Dish

TUN'-DISH, noun [tun and dish.] A tunnel.

Tune

TUNE, noun [French ton; Italian tuono; Dutch toon; Welsh ton; Irish tona; Latin tonus. It is a different spelling of tone, which see.]

1. A series of musical notes in some particular measure, and consisting of a single series, for one voice or instrument, the effect of which is melody; or a union of two or more series or parts to be sung or played in concert, the effect of which is harmony. Thus we say, a merry tune, a lively tune, a grave tune, a psalm tune, a martial tune.

2. Sound; note.

Shak.

3. Harmony; order; concert of parts.

A continual parliament I thought would but keep the commonweal in tune.

K. Charles.

4. The state of giving the proper sounds; as when we say, a harpsichord is in tune; that is, when the several chords are of that tension, that each gives its proper sound, and the sounds of all are at due intervals, both of tones and semitones.

5. Proper state for use or application; right disposition; fit temper or humor. The mind is not in tune for mirth.

A child will learn three times as fast when he is in tune, as he will when he is dragged to his task.

Locke.

Tune

TUNE, verb transitive To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; as, to tune a forte-piano; to tune a violin.

Tune your harps.

Dryden.

2. To sing with melody or harmony.

Fountains, and ye that warble as ye flow

Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise.

Milton.

So we say of birds, they tune their notes or lays.

3. To put into a state proper for any purpose, or adapted to produce a particular effect. [Little used.]

Shak.

Tune

TUNE, verb intransitive To form one sound to another.

While tuning to the waters' fall

The small birds sang to her.

Drayton.

2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice.

Tuned

TU'NED, participle passive Uttered melodiously or harmoniously; put in order to produce the proper sounds.

Tuneful

TU'NEFUL, adjective Harmonious; melodious; musical; as tuneful notes; tuneful birds.

Millon. Dryden.

Tuneless

TU'NELESS, adjective Unmusical; unharmonious.

2. Not employed in making music; as a tuneless harp.

Tuner

TU'NER, noun One who tunes.

Shak.

2. One whose occupation is to tune musical instruments.

Tung

TUNG, noun A name given by the Indians to a small insect, called by the Spaniards pique, which inserts its eggs within the human skin; an insect very troublesome in the East and West Indies.

Cyc.

Tung

TUNG, noun [Saxon tung, tunga; Gothic tugga; Swedish tunga; Danish tunge; Dutch tong; German zunge. The common orthography, tongue, is incorrect.]

In man, the instrument of taste, and the chief instrument of speech. [See Tongue.]

Tungstate

TUNG'STATE, noun A salt formed of tungstenic acid and a base.

Tungsten

TUNG'STEN, noun [Swedish Danish tung, heavy, and sten, stone.]

In mineralogy, a mineral of a yellowish or grayish white color, of a lamellar structure, and infusible by the blowpipe. It occurs massive or crystalized, usually in octahedral crystals. This is an ore. The same name is given to the metal obtained from this ore. This metal is procured in small panes as fine as sand, of a strong metallic luster, an iron gray color, and slightly agglutinated. It is one of the hardest of the metals, and very brittle.

Fourcroy. Cyc.

Tungstenic

TUNGSTEN'IC, adjective Pertaining to or procured from tungsten.

Tunic

TU'NIC, noun [French tunique; Latin tunica. See Town and Tun.]

1. A kind of waistcoat or under garment worn by men in ancient Rome and the east. In the later ages of the republic, the tunic was a long garment with sleeves.

Cyc.

2. Among the religious, a woolen shirt or under garment.

Cyc.

3. In anatomy, a membrane that covers or composes some part or organ; as the tunics or coats of the eye; the tunics of the stomach, or the membranous and muscular layers which compose it.

Cyc.

4. A natural covering; an integument; as the tunic of a seed.

The tunic of the seed, is the arillus, a covering attached to the base only of the seed, near the hilum or scar, and enveloping the rest of the seed more or less completely and closely.

Cyc.

Tunicated

TU'NICATED, adjective In botany, covered with a tunic or membranes; coated; as a stem.

A tunicated bulb, is one composed of numerous concentric coats, as an onion.

Martyn.

Tunicle

TU'NICLE, noun [from tunic.] A natural covering; an integument.

Ray. Bentley.

Tuning

TU'NING, participle of the present tense Uttering harmoniously or melodiously; putting in due order for making the proper sounds.

Tuning-Fork

TU'NING-FORK, noun A steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle; used for tuning instruments.

Busby.

Tuning-Hammer

TU'NING-HAMMER, noun An instrument for tuning instruments of music.

Busby.

Tunker

TUNK'ER, noun [German tunken, to dip.] The tunkers are a religious sect in Pennsylvania, of German origin, resembling English baptists.

Tunnage

TUN'NAGE, noun [from tun.] The amount of tuns that a ship will carry; the content or burthen of a ship. A ship pays duty according to her tunnage.

2. The duty charged on ships according to their burthen, or the number of tuns at which they are rated.

U. States' Laws.

3. A duty laid on liquors according to their measure.

Cyc.

4. A duty paid to mariners by merchants for unloading their ships, after a rate by the tun.

Cyc.

5. The whole amount of shipping, estimated by the tuns.

Tunnel

TUN'NEL, noun [French tonnelle.] A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, and a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor into casks.

2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; called generally a funnel.

3. A large subterraneous arch through a hill for a canal and the passage of boats. Smaller drains or culverts are also called tunnels.

Cyc.

Tunnel

TUN'NEL, verb transitive To form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests.

Derham.

2. To catch in a net called a tunnel-net.

3. To form with net-work.

Derham.

Tunnel-Kiln

TUN'NEL-KILN, noun A lime-kiln in which coal is burnt, as distinguised from a flamekiln, in which wood or peat is used.

Cyc.

Tunnel-Net

TUN'NEL-NET, noun A net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other.

Cyc.

Tunnel-Pit

TUN'NEL-PIT, noun A shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of an intended tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones.

Tunning

TUN'NING, participle of the present tense Putting into casks.

Tunny

TUN'NY, noun [Italian tonno; French thon; German thunfisch; Latin thynnus.]

A fish of the genus Scomber, the Spanish mackerel. The largest weigh upwards of four hundred pounds.

Cyc.

Tup

TUP, noun A ram. [Local.]

Tup

TUP, verb transitive [Greek.] To butt, as a ram. [Local.]

2. To cover, as a ram. [Local.]

Tupelo

TU'PELO, noun A tree of the genus Nyssa.

Drayton. Mease.

Tup-Man

TUP'-MAN, noun A man who deals in tups. [Local.]

Turban

TUR'BAN, noun [Arabic] A head dress worn by the orientals, consisting of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or taffeta artfully wound round it in plaits. The cap is red or green, roundish on the top, and quilted with cotton. The sash of the Turks is white linen; that of the Persians is red woolen.

Cyc.

2. In conchology, the whole set of whirls of a shell.

Cyc.

Turbaned

TUR'BANED, adjective Wearing a turban; as a turbaned Turk.

Shak.

Turban-Shell

TUR'BAN-SHELL, noun In natural history, a genus of shells, or rather of sea urchins, (echinodermata,) of a hemispheric or spheroidal shape, the Cidaris of Klein.

Turban-Top

TUR'BAN-TOP, noun A plant of the genus Helvella; a kind of fungus or mushroom.

Cyc.

Turbary

TUR'BARY, noun [from turf; Latinized, turbaria.]

1. In law, a right of digging turf on another man's land. Common of turbary, is the liberty which a tenant enjoys of digging turf on the lord's waste.

2. The place where turf is dug.

Cowel.

Turbid

TUR'BID, adjective [Latin turbidus, from turbo, to disturb, that is, to stir, to turn.]

Properly, having the lees disturbed; but in a more general sense, muddy; foul with extraneous matter; thick, not clear; used of liquids of any kind; as turbid water; turbid wine. Streams running on clay generally appear to be turbid. This is often the case with the river Seine.

Turbidly

TUR'BIDLY, adverb Proudly; haughtily; a Latinism. [Not in use.]

Young.

Turbidness

TUR'BIDNESS, noun Muddiness; foulness.

Turbillion

TURBIL'LION, noun [French tourbillon.] A whirl; a vortex.

Spectator.

Turbinate

TUR'BINATE, or TUR'BINATED, adjective [Latin turbinatus, formed like a top, from turbo, turben, a top.]

1. In conchology, spiral, or wreathed conically from a larger base to a kind of apex; as turbinated shells.

Cyc.

2. In botany, shaped like a top or cone inverted; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as a turbinated germ, nectary or pericarp.

Lee.

3. Whirling. [Little used.]

Turbination

TURBINA'TION, noun The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

Turbinite

TUR'BINITE, or TUR'BITE, noun A petrified shell of the turbo kind.

Cyc. Kirwan.

Turbit

TUR'BIT, noun A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short beak; called by the Dutch kort-bek, short beak.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

2. The turbot.

Cyc.

Turbith

TUR'BITH, or TUR'PETH, noun A root brought from the East Indies, particularly from Cambaya, Surat and Goa, or from Ceylon. It is the cortical part of the root of a species of Convolvulus. That sold in the shops is a longish root, of the thickness of the finger, resinous, heavy, and of a brownish hue without, but whitish within. It is cathartic.

Cyc.

Turbith or turpeth mineral, is the yellow precipitate of mercury, called sometimes yellow subsulphate of mercury, or subdeutosulphate.

Ure.

Turbot

TUR'BOT, noun [French] A fish of the genus Pleuronectes, [fishes which swim on the side.] It grows to the weight of twenty or thirty pounds, and is much esteemed by epicures.

Turbulence

TUR'BULENCE, or TUR'BULENCY, noun [See Turbulent.] A disturbed state; tumult; confusion; as the turbulence of the times; turbulence in political affairs.

Milton.

2. Disorder or tumult of the passions; as turbulence of mind.

Dryden.

3. Agitation; tumultuousness; as turbulence of blood.

Swift.

4. Disposition to resist authority; insubordination; as the turbulence of subjects.

Turbulent

TUR'BULENT, adjective [Latin turbulentus, from turbo, to disturb.]

1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; being in violent commotion; as the turbulent ocean!

Calm region once,

And full of peace, now tost and turbulent.

Milton.

The turbulent mirth of wine.

Dryden.

2. Restless; unquiet; refractory; disposed to insubordination and disorder; as turbulent spirits.

3. Producing commotion.

Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes.

Milton.

Turbulently

TUR'BULENTLY, adverb Tumultuously; with violent agitation; with refractoriness.

Turcism

TUR'CISM, noun The religion of the Turks.

Turf

TURF, noun [Saxon tyrf; Dutch turf; German Swedish torf; French tourbe; Irish tarp, a clod. The word seems to signify a collection, a mass, or perhaps an excrescence.]

1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold, which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat. This is otherwise called sward and sod.

2. Peat; a peculiar kind of blackish, fibrous, vegetable, earthy substance, used as fuel.

[Dryden and Addison wrote turfs, in the plural. But when turf or peat is cut into small pieces, the practice now is to call them turves.]

3. Race-ground; or horse-racing.

The honors of the turf are all our own.

Cowper.

Turf

TURF, verb transitive To cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank or the border of a terrace.

Turf-Covered

TURF'-COVERED, adjective Covered with turf.

Tooke.

Turf-Drain

TURF'-DRAIN, noun A drain filled with turf or peat.

Cyc.

Turfed

TURF'ED, participle passive Covered with turf or green sod.

Turf-Hedge

TURF'-HEDGE, noun A hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds.

Cyc.

Turf-House

TURF'-HOUSE, noun A house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe.

Cyc. Tooke.

Turfiness

TURF'INESS, noun [from turfy.] The state of abounding with turf, or of having the consistence or qualities of turf.

Turfing

TURF'ING, participle of the present tense Covering with turf.

Turfing

TURF'ING, noun The operation of laying down turf, or covering with turf.

Turfing-Iron

TURF'ING-IRON, noun An implement for paring off turf.

Turfing-Spade

TURF'ING-SPADE, noun An instrument for under-cutting turf, when marked out by the plow.

Cyc.

Turf-Moss

TURF'-MOSS, noun A tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land.

Cyc.

Turf-Spade

TURF'-SPADE, noun A spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade.

Cyc.

Turfy

TURF'Y, adjective Abounding with turf.

2. Having the qualities of turf.

Turgent

TUR'GENT, adjective [Latin turgens, from turgeo, to swell.]

Swelling; tumid; rising into a tumor or puffy state; as when the humors are turgent.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Turgescence

TURGES'CENCE, or TURGES'CENCY, noun [Latin turgescens.] The act of swelling.

2. The state of being swelled.

Brown.

3. Empty pompousness; inflation; bombast.

Turgid

TUR'GID, adjective [Latin turgidus, from turgeo, to swell.]

1. Swelled; bloated; distended beyond its natural state by some internal agent or expansive force.

A bladder held by the fire grew turgid.

Boyle.

More generally, the word is applied to an enlarged part of the body; as a turgid limb.

2. Tumid; pompous; inflated; bombastic; as a turgid style; a turgid manner of talking.

Watts.

Turgidity

TURGID'ITY, noun State of being swelled; tumidness.

Turgidly

TUR'GIDLY, adverb With swelling or empty pomp.

Turgidness

TUR'GIDNESS, noun A swelling or swelled state of a thing; distention beyond its natural state by some internal force or agent, as in a limb.

2. Pompousness; inflated manner of writing or speaking; bombast; as the turgidness of language or style.

Turioniferous

TURIONIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin turio, a shoot, and fero, to bear.] Producing shoots.

Barton.

Turkey

TUR'KEY, or TUR'KY, noun [As this fowl was not brought from Turkey, it would be more correct to write the name turky.]

A large fowl, the Meleagris gallopavo, a distinct genus. It is a native of America, and its flesh furnishes most delicious food. Wild turkies abound in the forests of America, and domestic turkies are bred in other countries, as well as in America.

Turkey-Stone

TUR'KEY-STONE, noun Another name of the oil-stone, from Turkey.

Turkois

TURK'OIS, noun [French turquoise; from Turkey.]

A mineral, called also calaite, brought from the east; of a beautiful light green color, occurring in thin layers, or in rounded masses, or in reniform masses, with a botryoidal surface. It is susceptible of a high polish, and is used in jewelry. It is usually written in the French manner.

Turks-Cap

TURK'S-CAP, noun A plant of the genus Lilium.

Turks-Head

TURK'S-HEAD, noun A plant of the genus Cactus.

Turks-Turban

TURK'S-TURBAN, noun A plant of the genus Ranunculus.

Turm

TURM, noun [Latin turma.] A troop. [Not English.]

Milton.

Turmalin

TUR'MALIN, noun An electric stone. [See Tourmalin.]

Turmeric

TUR'MERIC, noun [Italian turtumaglio. Thomson says, Sanscrit Pers. zur, yellow, and mirich, pepper.]

Indian saffron; a medicinal root brought from the East Indies, the root of the Curcuma longa. It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep lively yellow or saffron color. It has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for dyeing, and in some cases, as a medicine. This name is sometimes given to the blood-root of America.

Cyc. Bigelow.

Turmoil

TURMOIL', noun [I know not the origin of this word; but it is probably from the root of the Latin turba, turbo, turma, or of turn.]

Disturbance; tumult; harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult.

There I'll rest, as after much turmoil

A blessed soul doth in Elysium.

Shak.

Turmoil

TURMOIL', verb transitive To harass with commotion.

It is her fatal misfortuneÃ‚--to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction.

Spenser.

2. To disquiet; to weary.

Milton.

Turmoil

TURMOIL', verb intransitive To be disquieted; to be in commotion.

Milton.

Turn

TURN, verb transitive [Saxon turnan, tyrnan; Latin torno; Greek; French tourner; Armoric turnein; Italian torno, a wheel, Latin turnus; torniare, to turn; tornare, to return; torneare, tornire, to turn, to fence round, to tilt; torniamento, tournament; Spanish torno, tornear; German turnier, a tilt; Swedish tornera, to run tilt, Danish turnerer; Welsh twrn, turn, from tur, a turning; Gaelic, turna, a spinning wheel; turnoir, a turner. This is probably a derivative verb from the root of Arabic daura, to turn. Class Dr. No. 3, and see No. 15. 13. 18. 38.]

1. To cause to move in a circular course; as, to turn a wheel; to turn a spindle; to turn the body.

2. To change or shift sides; to put the upper side downwards, or one side in the place of the other. It is said a hen turns her eggs often when sitting.

3. To alter, as a position.

Expert

When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway of battle.

Milton.

4. To cause to preponderate; to change the state of a balance; as, to turn the scale.

Dryden.

5. To bring the inside out; as, to turn a coat.

6. To alter, as the posture of the body, or direction of the look.

The monarch turns him to his royal guest.

Pope.

7. To form on a lathe; to make round.

8. To form; to shape; used in the participle; as a body finely turned.

His limbs how turn'd.

Pope.

9. To change; to transform; as, to turn evil to good; to turn goods into money.

Impatience turns an ague into a fever.

Taylor.

I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. 2 Samuel 15.

10. To metamorphose; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect.

11. To alter or change, as color; as, to turn green to blue.

12. To change or alter in any manner; to vary.

Shak.

13. To translate; as, to turn Greek into English.

Ã‚--Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown.

Pope.

14. To change, as the manner of writing; as, to turn prose into verse.

15. To change, as from one opinion or party to another; as, to turn one from a tory to a whig; to turn a Mohammedan or a pagan to a Christian.

16. To change in regard to inclination or temper.

Turn thee to me, and have mercy upon me. Psalm 25.

17. To change or alter from one purpose or effect to another.

God will make these evils the occasion of greater good, by turning them to our advantage.

Tillotson.

18. To transfer.

Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom to David. 1 Chronicles 10.

19. To cause to nauseate or lothe; as, to turn the stomach.

20. To make giddy.

Eastern priests in giddy circles run,

And turn their heads to imitate the sun.

Pope.

21. To infatuate; to make mad, wild or enthusiastic; as, to turn the brain.

Addison.

22. To change direction to or from any point; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn the eyes from a disgusting spectacle.

23. To direct by a change to a certain purpose or object; to direct, as the inclination, thoughts or mind. I have turned my mind to the subject.

My thoughts are turn'd on peace.

Addison.

24. To revolve; to agitate in the mind.

Turn those ideas about in your mind.

Watts.

25. To bend from a perpendicular direction; as, to turn the edge of an instrument.

26. To move from a direct course or strait line; to cause to deviate; as, to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course.

27. To apply by a change of use.

When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle.

Temple.

28. To reverse.

The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee. Deuteronomy 30.

29. To keep passing and changing in the course of trade; as, to turn money or stock two or three times in the year.

30. To adapt the mind; chiefly in the participle.

He was perfectly well turned for trade.

Addison.

31. To make acid; to sour; as, to turn cider or wine; to turn milk.

32. To persuade to renounce an opinion; to dissuade from a purpose, or cause to change sides. You cannot turn a firm man.

To turn aside, to avert.

To turn away, to dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant.

2. To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil.

To turn back, to return; as, to turn back goods to the seller. [Little used.]

Shak.

To turn down, to fold or double down.

To turn in, to fold or double; as, to turn in the edge of cloth.

To turn off, to dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or parasite.

2. To give over; to resign. We are not so wholly turned off from that reversion.

3. To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects.

To be turned of, to be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty six.

To turn out, to drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors, or out of the house.

2. To put to pasture; as cattle or horses.

To turn over, to change sides; to roll over.

2. To transfer; as, to turn over a business to another hand.

3. To open and examine one leaf after another; as, to turn over a concordance.

Swift.

4. To overset.

To turn to, to have recourse to.

Helvetius' tables may be turned to on all occasions.

Locke.

To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself.

Atterbury.

To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. Exodus 23.

To turn the back upon, to quit with contempt; to forsake.

To turn the die or dice, to change fortune.

Turn

TURN, verb intransitive To move round; to have a circular motion; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.

2. To be directed.

The understanding turns inwards on itself, and reflects on its own operations.

Locke.

3. To show regard by directing the look towards any thing.

Turn mighty monarch, turn this way;

Do not refuse to hear.

Dryden.

4. To move the body round. He turned to me with a smile.

5. To move; to change posture. Let your body be at rest; do not turn in the least.

6. To deviate; as, to turn from the road or course.

7. To alter; to be changed or transformed; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another.

8. To become by change; as, the fur of certain animals turns in winter.

Cygnets from gray turn white.

Bacon.

9. To change sides. A man in a fever turns often.

Swift.

10. To change opinions or parties; as, to turn Christian or Mohammedan.

11. To change the mind or conduct.

Turn from thy fierce wrath. Exodus 32.

12. To change to acid; as, milk turns suddenly during a thunder storm.

13. To be brought eventually; to result or terminate in. This trade has not turned to much account or advantage. The application of steam turns to good account, both on land and water.

14. To depend on for decision. The question turns on a single fact or point.

15. To become giddy.

I'll look no more,

Lest my brain turn.

Shak.

16. To change a course of life; to repent.

Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways, for why will ye die? Ezekiel 33.

17. To change the course or direction; as, the tide turns.

To turn about, to move the face to another quarter.

To turn away, to deviate.

2. To depart from; to forsake.

To turn in, to bend inwards.

2. To enter for lodgings or entertainment. Genesis 19.

3. To go to bed.

To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course. The road turns off to the left.

To turn on or upon, to reply or retort.

2. To depend on.

To turn out, to move from its place, as a bone.

2. To bend outwards; to project.

3. To rise from bed; also, to come abroad.

To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble.

2. To change sides or parties.

To turn to, to be directed; as, the needle turns to the magnetic pole.

To turn under, to bend or be folded downwards.

To turn up, to bend or be doubled upwards.

Turn

TURN, noun The act of turning; movement or motion in a circular direction, whether horizontally, vertically or otherwise; a revolution; as the turn of a wheel.

2. A winding; a meandering course; a bend or bending; as the turn of a river.

Addison.

3. A walk to and fro.

I will take a turn in your garden.

Dryden.

4. Change; alteration; vicissitude; as the turns and varieties of passions.

Hooker.

Too well the turns of mortal chance I know.

Pope.

5. Successive course.

Nobleness and bountyÃ‚--which virtues had their turns in the king's nature.

Bacon.

6. Manner of proceeding; change of direction. This affair may take a different turn from that which we expect.

7. Chance; hap; opportunity.

Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases.

Collier.

8. Occasion; incidental opportunity.

An old dog falling from his speed, was loaded at every turn with blows and reproaches.

L'Estrange.

9. Time at which, by successive vicissitudes, any thing is to be had or done. They take each other's turn.

His turn will come to laugh at you again.

Denham.

10. Action of kindness or malice.

Thanks are half lost when good turns are delay'd.

Fairfax.

Some malicious natures place their delight in doing ill turns.

L'Estrange.

11. Reigning inclination or course. Religion is not to be adapted to the turn and fashion of the age.

12. A step off the ladder at the gallows.

Butler.

13. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve his turn.

Clarendon. Temple.

14. Form; cast; shape; manner; in a literal or figurative sense; as the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation.

The turn of his thoughts and expression is unharmonious.

Dryden.

Female virtues are of a domestic turn.

Addison.

The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms.

Addison.

15. Manner of arranging words in a sentence.

16. Change; new position of things. Some evil happens at every turn of affairs.

17. Change of direction; as the turn of the tide from flood to ebb.

18. One round of a rope or cord.

19. In mining, a pit sunk in some part of a drift.

Cyc.

20. Turn or tourn, in law. The sherif's turn is a court of record, held by the sherif twice a year in every hundred within his county. [England.]

By turns, one after another; alternately.

They assist each other by turns.

2. At intervals.

They feel by turns the bitter change.

Milton.

To take turns, to take each other's places alternately.

Turn-Bench

TURN'-BENCH, noun [turn and bench.] A kind of iron lathe.

Moxon.

Turn-Coat

TURN'-COAT, noun [turn and coat.] One who forsakes his party or principles.

Shak.

Turned

TURN'ED, participle passive Moved in a circle; changed.

Turnep

TUR'NEP, noun [a compound of tur, round, and Saxon noepe, Latin napus, a turnep.]

A bulbous root or plant of the genus Brassica, of great value for food; an esculent root of several varieties.

Turner

TURN'ER, noun One whose occupation is to form things with a lathe; one who turns.

Turnerite

TURN'ERITE, noun A rare mineral occurring in small crystals of a yellowish brown color, externally brilliant and translucent.

Phillips.

Turnery

TURN'ERY, noun The art of forming into a cylindrical shape by the lathe.

2. Things made by a turner or in the lathe.

Turning

TURN'ING, participle of the present tense Moving in a circle; changing; winding.

Turning

TURN'ING, noun A winding; a bending course; flexure; meander.

2. Deviation from the way or proper course.

Turningness

TURN'INGNESS, noun Quality of turning; tergiversation. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

Turnpike

TURN'PIKE, noun [turn and pike.] Strictly, a frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles, and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms.

2. A gate set across a road to stop travelers and carriages till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair.

3. A turnpike road.

4. In military affairs, a beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage.

Cyc.

Turnpike

TURN'PIKE, verb transitive To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; to throw the path of a road into a rounded form.

Med. Repos.

Turnpike-Road

TURN'PIKE-ROAD, noun A road on which turnpikes or toll-gates are established by law, and which are made and kept in repair by the toll collected from travelers or passengers who use the road.

Cyc.

Turnserving

TURN'SERVING, noun [turn and serve.] The act or practice of serving one's turn or promoting private interest.

Bacon.

Turn-Sick

TURN'-SICK, adjective [turn and sick.] Giddy.

Bacon.

Turnsole

TURN'SOLE, noun [turn and Latin sol, the sun.] A plant of the genus Heliotropium, so named because its flower is supposed to turn towards the sun.

Turnspit

TURN'SPIT, noun [turn and spit.] A person who turns a spit.

His lordship is his majesty's turnspit.

Burke.

2. A variety of the dog, so called from turning the spit.

Turnstile

TURN'STILE, noun [turn and stile.] A turnpike in a foot-path.

Gay.

Turnstone

TURN'STONE, noun [turn and stone.] A bird, called the sea-dotterel, the Tringa morinella, a little larger than an English black-bird. This bird takes its name from its practice of turning up small stones in search of insects.

Cyc.

Turpentine

TUR'PENTINE, noun [Latin terebinthina; Spanish Italian trementina; German terpentin. I know not the origin of this word; the first syllable may coincide with the root of tar.]

A transparent resinous substance, flowing naturally or by incision from several species of trees, as from the pine, larch, fir, &c. Common turpentine is of about the consistence of honey; but there are several varieties.

Cyc.

Turpentine-Tree

TUR'PENTINE-TREE, noun A tree of the genus Pistacia, which produces not only its proper fruit, but a kind of horn which grows on the surface of its leaves. This is found to be an excrescence, the effect of the puncture of an insect, and is produced in the same manner as the galls of other plants.

Cyc.

Turpitude

TURP'ITUDE, noun [French from Latin turpitudo, from turpis, foul, base.]

1. Inherent baseness or vileness of principle in the human heart; extreme depravity.

2. Baseness or vileness of words or actions; shameful wickedness.

South.

Turrel

TUR'REL, noun A tool used by coopers.

Sherwood.

Turret

TUR'RET, noun [Latin turris.] A little tower; a small eminence or spire attached to a building and rising above it.

And lift her turrets nearer to the sky.

Pope.

2. In the art of war, movable turrets, used formerly by the Romans, were buildings of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories, and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, moved on wheels. They were employed in approaches to a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting-bridges and other necessaries.

Cyc.

Turreted

TUR'RETED, adjective Formed like a tower; as a turreted lamp.

Bacon.

2. Furnished with turrets.

Turrilite

TUR'RILITE, noun The fossil remains of a spiral multilocular shell.

Ed. Encyc.

Turtle

TUR'TLE, noun [Saxon id.; French tourterelle; Latin turtur; Gaelic, turtuir; Italian tortora, tortola, tortorella.]

1. A fowl of the genus Columba; called also the turtle dove, and turtle pigeon. It is a wild species, frequenting the thickest parts of the woods, and its note is plaintive and tender.

Ed. Encyc.

2. The name sometimes given to the common tortoise.

3. The name given to the large sea-tortoise.

Cyc.

Turtle-Dove

TUR'TLE-DOVE, noun A species of the genus Columba. [See Turtle.]

Turtle-Shell

TUR'TLE-SHELL, noun [turtle and shell.] A shell, a beautiful species of Murex; also, tortoise-shell.

Tuscan

TUS'CAN, adjective Pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; an epithet given to one of the orders of columns, the most ancient and simple.

Tuscan

TUS'CAN, noun An order of columns.

Tush

TUSH, an exclamation, indicating check, rebuke or contempt. Tush, tush, never tell me such a story as that.

Tush

TUSH, noun [Saxon tux.] A tooth.

Tusk

TUSK, noun [Saxon tux.] The long pointed tooth of certain rapacious, carnivorous or fighting animals; as the tusks of the boar.

Tusk

TUSK, verb intransitive To gnash the teeth, as a boar. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Tusked

TUSK'ED, or TUSK'Y, adjective Furnished with tusks; as the tusky boar.

Dryden.

Tussle

TUS'SLE, noun A struggle; a conflict. [Vulgar.] [See Touse.]

Tussuc

TUS'SUC, or TUS'SOC, noun A tuft of grass or twigs. Obs.

Grew.

Tut

TUT, an exclamation, used for checking or rebuking.

Tut

TUT, noun An imperial ensign of a golden globe with a cross on it.

Tut bargain, among miners, a bargain by the lump. [Qu. Latin totus.]

Cyc.

Tutelage

TU'TELAGE, noun [from Latin tutela, protection, from tueor, to defend.]

1. Guardianship; protection; applied to the person protecting; as, the king's right of seignory and tutelage.

Bacon.

2. State of being under a guardian.

Tutelar

TU'TELAR, or TU'TELARY, adjective [Latin tutelaris, supra.] Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as tutelary genii; tutelary goddesses.

Temple. Dryden.

Tutenag

TU'TENAG, noun The Chinese name of zink. Sometimes the word is used to denote a metallic compound brought from China, called Chinese copper or white copper, consisting of copper, zink and iron.

Cyc. Fourcroy.

Tutor

TU'TOR, noun [Latin from tueor, to defend; French tuteur.]

1. In the civil law, a guardian; one who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate.

2. One who has the care of instructing another in various branches or in any branch of human learning. Some gentlemen employ a tutor to teach in their families, others to attend a son in his travels.

3. In universities and colleges, an officer or member of some hall, who has the charge of instructing the students in the sciences and other branches of learning.

In the American colleges, tutors are graduates selected by the governors or trustees, for the instruction of undergraduates of the three first years. They are usually officers of the institution, who have a share, with the president and professors, in the government of the students.

Tutor

TU'TOR, verb transitive To teach; to instruct.

Shak.

2. To treat with authority or severity.

Addison.

3. To correct.

Tutorage

TU'TORAGE, noun In the civil law, guardianship; the charge of a pupil and his estate. In France, tutorage does not expire till the pupil is twenty five years of age.

2. The authority or solemnity of a tutor. [Little used.]

Tutored

TU'TORED, participle passive Instructed; corrected; disciplined.

Tutoress

TU'TORESS, noun A female tutor; an instructuress; a governess.

More.

Tutoring

TU'TORING, participle of the present tense Teaching; directing; correcting.

Tutoring

TU'TORING, noun The act of instructing; education.

Tutrix

TU'TRIX, noun A female guardian.

Smollett.

Tutsan

TUT'SAN, noun A plant, park-leaves, of the genus Hypericum.

Lee.

Tutti

TUT'TI, noun [Latin toti.] In Italian music, a direction for all to play in full concert.

Tutty

TUT'TY, noun [Italian tuzia; Low Latin tutia.] An argillaceous ore of zink, found in Persia, formed on cylindric molds into tubular pieces, like the bark of a tree. It is said to be made of a glutinous, argillaceous earth, like clay, which is put into pots, moistened and baked.

Cyc.

Tuz

TUZ, noun [Qu. touse.] A lock or tuft of hair. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Twain

TWAIN, adjective or noun [Saxon twegen; Swedish tvenne; Danish tvende, for tvegende. Whether two is contracted from tweg, is not apparent, but we see in the Danish tvende, the first syllable of twenty; twen-tig, two tens.] Two.

When old winter splits the rocks in twain.

Dryden.

[Nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque.]

Twait

TWAIT, noun A fish.

2. In old writers, wood grubbed up and converted into arable land. [Local.]

Cyc.

Twang

TWANG, verb intransitive [Dutch dwang, Danish tvang, Swedish tvÃƒ-¥ng, German zwang, force, compulsion; German zwÃƒ-¤ngen, zwingen, Dutch dwingen, Swedish tvinga, Danish tvinger, to constrain.]

To sound with a quick sharp noise; to make the sound of a string which is stretched and suddenly pulled; as the twanging bows.

Philips.

Twang

TWANG, verb transitive To make to sound, as by pulling a tense string and letting it go suddenly.

Shak.

Sound the tough horn, and twang the quivering string.

Pope.

Twang

TWANG, noun A sharp quick sound; as the twang of a bowstring; a twang of the nose.

Butler.

2. An affected modulation of the voice; a kind of nasal sound.

He has a twang in his discourse.

Arbuthnot.

Twangle

TWAN'GLE, verb intransitive To twang.

Shak.

Twanging

TWANG'ING, participle of the present tense Making a sharp sound.

2. adjective Contemptibly noisy.

Shak.

Twank

TWANK, a corruption of twang.

Addison.

Twas

'TWAS, a contraction of it was.

Twattle

TWAT'TLE, verb intransitive [German schwatzen, with a different prefix. See Twitter.]

To prate; to talk much and idly; to gabble; to chatter; as a twattling gossip.

L'Estrange.

Twattle

TWAT'TLE, verb transitive To pet; to make much of. [Local.]

Grose.

Twattling

TWAT'TLING, participle of the present tense or adjective Prating; gabbling; chattering.

Twattling

TWAT'TLING, noun The act of prating; idle talk.

Tway

TWAY, for twain, two. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Tway-Blade

TWA'Y-BLADE, or TWY-BLADE, noun [tway and blade.] A plant of the genus Ophris; a polypetalous flower, consisting of six dissimilar leaves, of which the five upper ones are so disposed as to represent, in some measure, a helmet, the under one being headed and shaped like a man.

Lee. Miller.

Tweag

TWEAG, or TWEAK, verb transitive [Saxon twiccian, to twitch; German zwicken; Dutch zwikken.

It is radically the same word as twitch, and of the same signification.]

To twitch; to pinch and pull with a sudden jerk; as, to tweag or tweak the nose.

Shak. Swift.

Tweag

TWEAG, noun Distress; a pinching condition. [Not in use.]

Arbuthnot.

Tweedle

TWEE'DLE, verb transitive To handle lightly; used of awkward fiddling. Qu.

Addison.

Tweel

TWEEL, verb transitive To weave with multiplied leases in the harness, by increasing the number of threads in each split of the reed, and the number of treddles, &c.

Cyc.

Tweezer-Case

TWEE'ZER-CASE, noun A case for carrying tweezers.

Tweezers

TWEE'ZERS, noun [This seems to be formed on the root of vise, an instrument for pinching.] Nippers; small pinchers used to pluck out hairs.

Twelfth

TWELFTH, adjective [Saxon twelfta; Swedish tolfte; Danish tolvte; Dutch twaalfde; German zwÃƒ-¶lfte.]

The second after the tenth; the ordinal of twelve.

Twelfth-Tide

TWELFTH-TIDE, noun [twelfth and tide.] The twelfth day after christmas.

Tusser.

Twelve

TWELVE, adjective twelv. [Saxon twelf; Dutch twaalf; German zwÃƒ-¶lf; Swedish tolf; Danish tolv. Qu. two left after ten.]

The sum of two and ten; twice six; a dozen. Twelve men compose a petty jury.

Twelvemonth

TWELVEMONTH, n. twelv'month. [twelve and month.]

A year, which consists of twelve calendar months.

I shall laugh at this a twelvemonth hence.

Shak.

Twelvepence

TWELVEPENCE, n. twelv'pence. [twelve and pence.] A shilling.

Twelvepenny

TWELVEPENNY, a. twelv'penny. Sold for a shilling; worth a shilling; as a twelve-penny gallery.

Dryden.

Twelvescore

TWELVESCORE, a. twelv'score. [twelve and score.] Twelve times twenty; two hundred and forty.

Dryden.

Twentieth

TWEN'TIETH, adjective [Saxon twentigtha, twentogotha. See Twenty.] The ordinal of twenty; as the twentieth year.

Dryden.

Twenty

TWEN'TY, adjective [Saxon twenti, twentig; composed of twend, twenne, twoen, two, and Gothic tig, ten, Greek, Latin decem, Welsh deg. See Twain.]

1. Twice ten; as twenty men; twenty years.

2. Proverbially, an indefinite number.

Maximilian, upon twenty respects, could not have been the man.

Bacon.

Twibil

TWI'BIL, noun [two and bil.] A kind of mattock, and a halbert.

Twice

TWICE, adverb [from two.] Two times.

He twice essay'd to cast his son in gold.

Dryden.

2. Doubly; as twice the sum. He is twice as fortunate as his neighbor.

3. Twice is used in composition; as in twice-told, twice-born, twice-planted, twice-conquered.

Twidle

TWIDLE, for tweedle. [See Tweedle.]

Twifallow

TWI'FALLOW, verb transitive [twi, two, and fallow.]

To plow a second time land that is fallowed.

Twifallowed

TWI'FALLOWED, participle passive Plowed twice, as summer fallow.

Twifallowing

TWI'FALLOWING, participle of the present tense Plowing a second time.

Twifallowing

TWI'FALLOWING, noun The operation of plowing a second time, as fallow land, in preparing it for seed.

Twifold

TWI'FOLD, adjective Twofold. Obs.

Spenser.

Twig

TWIG, noun [Saxon twig; Dutch twyg; German zweig. Qu. Latin vigeo, with a prefix.]

A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no definite length or size.

The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside with hides.

Raleigh.

Twiggen

TWIG'GEN, adjective Made of twigs; wicker.

Grew.

Twiggy

TWIG'GY, adjective Full of twigs; abounding with shoots.

Evelyn.

Twilight

TWI'LIGHT, noun [Saxon tweon-leoht, doubtful light, from tweon, tweogan, to doubt, from twegen, two.]

1. The faint light which is reflected upon the earth after sunset and before sunrise; crepuscular light. In latitudes remote from the equator, the twilight is of much longer duration than at and near the equator.

2. Dubious or uncertain view; as the twilight of probability.

Locke.

Twilight

TWI'LIGHT, adjective Obscure; imperfectly illuminated; shaded.

O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves.

Pope.

2. Seen or done by twilight.

Milton.

Twill

TWILL, verb transitive To weave in ribs or ridges; to quill. [See Quill.]

Twilt

TWILT, noun A quilt. [Local.]

Grose.

Twin

TWIN, noun [Saxon twinan, to twine; from two.]

1. One of two young produced at a birth by an animal that ordinarily brings but one; used mostly in the plural, twins; applied to the young of beasts, as well as to human beings.

2. A sign of the zodiac; Gemini.

Thomson.

3. One very much resembling another.

Twin

TWIN, adjective Noting one of two born at a birth; as a twin brother or sister.

2. Very much resembling.

3. In botany, swelling out into two protuberances, as an anther or germ.

Martyn.

Twin

TWIN, verb intransitive To be born at the same birth.

Shak.

2. To bring two at once.

Tusser.

3. To be paired; to be suited.

Sandys.

[This verb is little used.]

Twin

TWIN, verb transitive To separate into two parts.

Chaucer.

Twin-Born

TWIN'-BORN, adjective [twin and born.] Born at the same birth.

Twine

TWINE, verb transitive [Saxon twinan; Dutch twynen; Swedish tvinna; Danish tvinder; from two.]

1. To twist; to wind, as one thread or cord around another, or as any flexible substance around another body; as fine twined linen. Exodus 39.

2. To unite closely; to cling to; to embrace.

3. To gird; to wrap closely about.

Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine.

Pope.

Twine

TWINE, verb intransitive To unite closely, or by interposition of parts.

Friends now fast sworn, who twins in loveÃ‚--

Shak.

2. To wind; to bend; to make turns.

As rivers, though they bend and twineÃ‚--

Swift.

3. To turn round; as, her spindles twine.

Chapman.

Twine

TWINE, noun A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together; used for binding small parcels, and for sewing sails to their bolt-ropes, &c. Twine of a stronger kind is used for nets.

2. A twist; a convolution; as Typhon's snaky twine.

Milton.

3. Embrace; act of winding round.

Philips.

Twined

TWI'NED, participle passive Twisted; wound round.

Twinge

TWINGE, v. t. twinj. [Swedish tvinga, Dutch dwingen, Danish tvinger, German zwingen, to constrain; but the sense is primarily to twitch. See Twang, Tweak, Twitch.]

1. To affect with a sharp sudden pain; to torment with pinching or sharp pains.

The gnat twinged the lion till he made him tear himself, and so he mastered him.

L'Estrange.

2. To pinch; to tweak; to pull with a jerk; as, to twinge one by the ears and nose.

Hudibras.

Twinge

TWINGE, v. i. twinj. To have a sudden, sharp, local pain, like a twitch; to suffer a keen spasmodic or shooting pain; as, the side twinges. [This is the sense in which this word is generally used within the limits of my acquaintance.]

Twinge

TWINGE, n. twinj. A sudden sharp pain; a darting local pain of momentary continuance; as a twinge in the arm or side.

2. A sharp rebuke of conscience.

3. A pinch; a tweak; as a twinge of the ear.

L'Estrange.

Twinging

TWING'ING, participle of the present tense Suffering a sharp local pain of short continuance; pinching with a sudden pull.

Twinging

TWING'ING, noun The act of pinching with a sudden twitch; a sudden sharp, local pain.

Twining

TWI'NING, participle of the present tense Twisting; winding round; uniting closely to; embracing.

2. In botany, ascending spirally around a branch, stem or prop.

Martyn.

Twink

TWINK. [See Twinkle.]

Twinkle

TWIN'KLE, verb intransitive [Saxon twinclian; most probably formed from wink, with the prefix eth, ed, or oth, like twit.]

1. To sparkle; to flash at intervals; to shine with a tremulous intermitted light, or with a broken quivering light. The fixed stars twinkle; the planets do not.

These stars do not twinkle, when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures.

Newton.

2. To open and shut the eye by turns; as the twinkling owl.

L'Estrange.

3. To play irregularly; as, her eyes will twinkle.

Donne.

Twinkle

TWIN'KLE, or TWIN'KLING, noun A sparkling; a shining with intermitted light; as the twinkling of the stars.

2. A motion of the eye.

Dryden.

3. A moment; an instant; the time of a wink.

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpÃ‚--the dead shall be raised incorruptible. 1 Corinthians 15.

Twinkling

TWIN'KLING, participle of the present tense Sparkling.

Twinling

TWIN'LING, noun [from twin.] A twin lamb.

Tusser.

Twinned

TWIN'NED, adjective [from twin.] Produced at one birth, like twins; united.

Milton.

Twinner

TWIN'NER, noun [from twin.] A breeder of twins.

Tusser.

Twinter

TWIN'TER, noun [two and winter.] A beast two winters old. [Local.]

Grose.

Twire

TWIRE, verb intransitive To take short flights; to flutter; to quiver; to twitter. [Not in use.]

Chaucer. Beaum.

Twirl

TWIRL, v. t. twurl. [Dutch dwarlen; German querlen; formed on whirl. The German coincides with our vulgar quirl.]

To move or turn round with rapidity; to whirl ronnd.

See ruddy maids,

Some taught with dextrous hand to twirl the wheelÃ‚--

Dodsley.

Twirl

TWIRL, verb intransitive To revolve with velocity; to be whirled round.

Twirl

TWIRL, noun A rapid circular motion; quick rotation.

2. Twist; convolution.

Woodward.

Twirled

TWIRL'ED, participle passive Whirled round.

Twirling

TWIRL'ING, participle of the present tense Turning with velocity; whirling.

Twist

TWIST, verb transitive [Saxon getwistan; Dutch twisten, to dispute, Swedish tvista; Danish tvister, to dispute, to litigate; German zwist, a dispute. In all the dialects except ours, this word is used figuratively, but it is remarkably expressive and well applied.]

1. To unite by winding one thread, strand or other flexible substance round another; to form by convolution, or winding separate things round each other; as, to twist yarn or thread. So we say, to double and twist.

2. To form into a thread from many fine filaments; as, to twist wool or cotton.

3. To contort; to writhe; as, to twist a thing into a serpentine form.

Pope.

4. To wreathe; to wind; to encircle.

Ã‚--Pillars of smoke twisted about with wreaths of flame.

Burnet.

5. To form; to weave; as, to twist a story.

Shak.

6. To unite by intertexture of parts; as, to twist bays with ivy.

Waller.

7. To unite; to enter by winding; to insinuate; as, avarice twists itself into all human concerns.

8. To pervert; as, to twist a passage in an author.

9. To turn from a straight line.

Twist

TWIST, verb intransitive To be contorted or united by winding round each other. Some strands will twist more easily than others.

Twist

TWIST, noun A cord, thread or any thing flexible, formed by winding strands or separate things round each other.

2. A cord; a string; a single cord.

3. A contortion; a writhe.

Addison.

4. A little roll of tobacco.

5. Manner of twisting.

Arbuthnot.

6. A twig. [Not in use.]

Twisted

TWIST'ED, participle passive Formed by winding threads or strands round each other.

Twister

TWIST'ER, noun One that twists.

2. The instrument of twisting.

Wallis.

Twisting

TWIST'ING, participle of the present tense Winding different strands or threads round each other; forming into a thread by twisting.

Twit

TWIT, verb transitive [Saxon othwitan, edwitan, oetwitan, to reproach, to upbraid; a compound of ad, oeth, or oth, and witan. The latter verb signifies to know, to wit, and also to impute, to ascribe, to prescribe or appoint, also to reproach; and with ge, a different prefix, gewitan, to depart. The original verb then signifies to set, send or throw. We have in this word decisive evidence that the first letter t, is a prefix, the remains of oeth or oth, a word that probably coincides with the Latin ad, to; and hence we may fairly infer that the other words in which t precedes w, are also compound. That some of them are so, appears evident from other circumstances.]

To reproach; to upbraid; as for some previous act. He twitted his friend of falsehood.

With this these scoffers twitted the christians.

Tillotson.

AEsop minds men of their errors, without twitting them for what is amiss.

L'Estrange.

Twitch

TWITCH, verb transitive [Saxon twiccian. See Twang.] To pull with a sudden jerk; to pluck with a short, quick motion; to snatch; as, to twitch one by the sleeve; to twitch a thing out of another's hand; to twitch off clusters of grapes.

Twitch

TWITCH, noun A pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick pull; as a twitch by the sleeve.

2. A short spasmodic contraction of the fibers or muscles; as a twitch in the side; convulsive twitches.

Sharp.

Twitched

TWITCH'ED, participle passive Pulled with a jerk.

Twitcher

TWITCH'ER, noun One that twitches.

Twitch-Grass

TWITCH'-GRASS, noun Couch grass; a species of grass which it is difficult to exterminate. But qu. is not this word a corruption of quitch-grass, or quich-grass?

Twitching

TWITCH'ING, participle of the present tense Pulling with a jerk; suffering short spasmodic contractions.

Twitted

TWIT'TED, participle passive Upbraided.

Twitter

TWIT'TER, verb transitive [Dutch kwetteren; Danish quidrer; Swedish quittra.]

1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, intermitted noises; as, the swallow twitters.

Dryden.

2. To make the sound of a half suppressed laugh.

Twitter

TWIT'TER, noun [from twit.] One who twits or reproaches.

Twitter

TWIT'TER, noun A small intermitted noise, as in half suppressed laughter; or the sound of a swallow.

Twittering

TWIT'TERING, participle of the present tense Uttering a succession of small interrupted sounds, as in a half suppressed laugh, or as a swallow.

Twitting

TWIT'TING, participle of the present tense Upbraiding; reproaching.

Twittingly

TWIT'TINGLY, adverb With upbraiding.

Junius.

Twittle-Twattle

TWIT'TLE-TWATTLE, noun Tattle; gabble. [Vulgar.]

L'Estrange.

Twixt

'TWIXT, a contraction of betwixt, used in poetry.

TwÃ¶

TWÃƒ-–, adjective [Saxon twa; Gothic twa, twai, twos; Dutch twee; German zwei; Swedish tvÃƒ-¥; Italian Gaelic, da or do; Russian tva, tvoe; Slav. dwa; Sanscrit dui, dwaja; Gipsey, duj; Hindoo, Chaldee Pers. du; Latin duo; Greek; Italian due; Spanish dos; Portugese dous; French deux.]

1. One and one. Two similar horses used together, are called a span, or a pair.

2. Two is used in composition; as in two-legged. Man is a two-legged animal.

TwÃ¶-Capsuled

TWÃƒ-–-CAP'SULED, adjective Bicapsular.

TwÃ¶-Celled

TWÃƒ-–-CEL'LED, adjective Bilocular.

TwÃ¶-Cleft

TWÃƒ-–-CLEFT, adjective Bifid.

TwÃ¶Edged

TWÃƒ-–EDGED, adjective Having two edges, or edges on both sides; as a two-edged sword.

TwÃ¶-Flowered

TWÃƒ-–-FLOWERED, adjective Bearing two flowers at the end, as a peduncle.

TwÃ¶Fold

TWÃƒ-–FOLD, adjective [two and fold.] Two of the same kind, or two different things existing together; as twofold nature; a twofold sense; a twofold argument.

2. Double; as twofold strength or desire.

3. In botany, two and two together, growing from the same place; as twofold leaves.

Martyn.

TwÃ¶Fold

TWÃƒ-–FOLD, adverb Doubly; in a double degree. Matthew 23.

TwÃ¶-Forked

TWÃƒ-–-FORKED, adjective Dichotomous.

TwÃ¶-Handed

TWÃƒ-–-HANDED, adjective Having two hands; an epithet used as equivalent to large, stout and strong.

Milton.

TwÃ¶-Leaved

TWÃƒ-–-LEAVED, adjective Diphyllous.

TwÃ¶-Lobed

TWÃƒ-–-LOBED, adjective Bilobate.

TwÃ¶-Parted

TWÃƒ-–-P`ARTED, adjective Bipartite.

TwÃ¶-Pence

TWÃƒ-–-PENCE, noun A small coin.

Shak.

TwÃ¶-Petaled

TWÃƒ-–-PETALED, adjective Dipetalous.

TwÃ¶-Seeded

TWÃƒ-–-SEEDED, adjective In botany, dispermous; containing two seeds, as a fruit; having two seeds to a flower, as a plant.

Martyn.

TwÃ¶-Tipped

TWÃƒ-–-TIPPED, adjective Bilabiate.

TwÃ¶-Tongued

TWÃƒ-–-TONGUED, adjective Double-tongued; deceitful.

Sandys.

TwÃ¶-Valved

TWÃƒ-–-VALVED, adjective Bivalvular, as a shell, pod, or glume.

Tye

TYE, verb transitive [See Tie, the more usual orthography, and Tying.]

To bind or fasten.

Tye

TYE, noun A knot. [See Tie.]

2. A bond; an obligation.

By the soft tye and sacred name of friend.

Pope.

3. In ships, a runner or short thick rope.

Tyer

TY'ER, noun One who ties or unites.

Fletcher.

Tyger

TYGER. [See Tiger.]

Tying

TY'ING, participle of the present tense [See Tie and Tye.] Binding; fastening. [As this participle must be written with y, it might be well to write the verb tye.]

Tyke

TYKE, noun A dog; or one as contemptible as a dog.

Shak.

Tymbal

TYM'BAL, noun [French timbale; Italian taballo; Spanish timbal. M is probably not radical. It is from beating, Greek.]

A kind of kettle drum.

A tymbal's sound were better than my voice.

Prior.

Tympan

TYM'PAN, noun [Latin tympanum. See Tymbal.]

1. A drum; hence, the barrel or hollow part of the ear behind the membrane of the tympanum.

Hooper.

2. The area of a pediment; also, the part of a pedestal called the trunk or dye.

Cyc.

3. The pannel of a door.

4. A triangular space or table in the corners or sides of an arch, usually enriched with figures.

Cyc.

5. Among printers, a frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank sheets are put in order to be laid on the form to be impressed.

Tympanites

TYM'PANITES, noun In medicine, a flatulent distention of the belly; wind dropsy; tympany.

Cyc.

Tympanize

TYM'PANIZE, verb intransitive To act the part of a drummer.

Tympanize

TYM'PANIZE, verb transitive To stretch, as a sk n over the head of a drum.

Tympanum

TYM'PANUM, noun The drum of the ear. [See Tympan.]

2. In mechanics, a wheel placed round an axis.

Cyc.

Tympany

TYM'PANY, noun A flatulent distention of the belly. [See Tympanites.]

Tyny

TYN'Y, adjective Small. [See Tiny.]

Type

TYPE, noun [French type; Latin typus; Greek, from the root of tap, Greek, to beat, strike, impress.]

1. The mark of something; an emblem; that which represents something else.

Thy emblem, gracious queen, the British rose,

Type of sweet rule and gentle majesty.

Prior.

2. A sign; a symbol; a figure of something to come; as, Abraham's sacrifice and the paschal lamb, were types of Christ. To this word is opposed antitype. Christ, in this case, is the antitype.

3. A model or form of a letter in metal or other hard material; used in printing.

4. In medicine, the form or character of a disease, in regard to the intension and remission of fevers, pulses, &c.; the regular progress of a fever.

Cyc. Coxe.

5. In natural history, a general form, such as is common to the species of a genus, or the individuals of a species.

6. A stamp or mark.

Shak.

Type

TYPE, verb transitive To prefigure; to represent by a model or symbol beforehand. [Little used.]

White.

Type-Metal

TY'PE-METAL, noun A compound of lead and antimony, with a small quantity of copper or brass.

Typhoid

TY'PHOID, adjective [typhus and Greek, form.] Resembling typhus; weak; low.

Say.

Typhus

TY'PHUS, adjective [from Greek, to inflame or heat. Hippocrates gave this name to a fever which produced great heat in the eyes. Parr. But the Greek is smoke; so Spanish tufo, a warm exhalation.]

A typhus disease or fever is accompanied with great debility. The word is sometimes used as a noun.

Typic

TYP'IC, or TYP'ICAL, adjective Emblematic; figurative; representing something future by a form, model or resemblance. Abraham's offering of his only son Isaac, was typical of the sacrifice of Christ. The brazen serpent was typical of the cross.

Typic fever, is one that is regular in its attacks; opposed to erratic fever.

Cyc.

Typically

TYP'ICALLY, adverb In a typical manner; by way of image, symbol or resemblance.

Typicalness

TYP'ICALNESS, noun The state of being typical.

Typified

TYP'IFIED, participle passive Represented by symbol or emblem.

Typify

TYP'IFY, verb transitive To represent by an image, form, model or resemblance. The washing of baptism typifies the cleansing of the soul from sin by the blood of Christ. Our Savior was typified by the goat that was slain.

Brown.

Typifying

TYP'IFYING, participle of the present tense Representing by model or emblem.

Typocosmy

TYP'OCOSMY, noun [Greek and.]

A representation of the world. [Not much used.]

Camden.

Typographer

TYPOG'RAPHER, noun [See Typography.] A printer.

Warton.

Typographic

TYPOGRAPH'IC, or TYPOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to printing; as the typographic art.

2. Emblematic.

Typographically

TYPOGRAPH'ICALLY, adverb By means of types; after the manner of printers.

2. Emblematically; figuratively.

Typography

TYPOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, type, and, to write.]

1. The art of printing, or the operation of impressing letters and words on forms of types.

2. Emblematical or hieroglyphic representation.

Brown.

Typolite

TYP'OLITE, noun [Greek, form, and, stone.]

In natural history, a stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of plants and animals.

Cyc.

Tyran

TY'RAN, noun A tyrant. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Tyranness

TYR'ANNESS, noun [from tyrant.] A female tyrant.

Spenser. Akenside.

Tyrannic

TYRAN'NIC, or TYRAN'NICAL, adjective [French tyrannique; Greek.] Pertaining to a tyrant; suiting a tyrant; arbitrary; unjustly severe in government; imperious; despotic; cruel; as a tyrannical prince; a tyrannical master; tyrannical government or power.

Our sects a more tyrannic power assume.

Roscommon.

Th' oppressor rul'd tyrannic where he durst.

Pope.

Tyrannically

TYRAN'NICALLY, adverb With unjust exercise of power; arbitrarily; oppressively.

Tyrannicalness

TYRAN'NICALNESS, noun Tyrannical disposition or practice.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Tyrannicide

TYRAN'NICIDE, noun [Latin tyrannus, tyrant, and coedo, to kill.]

1. The act of killing a tyrant.

2. One who kills a tyrant.

Hume.

Tyranning

TYR'ANNING, participle of the present tense or adjective Acting as a tyrant. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Tyrannize

TYR'ANNIZE, verb intransitive [French tyranniser.] To act the tyrant; to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and oppressive severity; to exercise power over others not permitted by law or required by justice or with a severity not necessary to the ends of justice and government. A prince will often tyrannize over his subjects; republican legislatures sometimes tyrannize over their fellow citizens; masters sometimes tyrannize over their servants or apprentices. A husband may not tyrannize over his wife and children.

Tyrannous

TYR'ANNOUS, adjective Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic.

Sidney.

Tyranny

TYR'ANNY, noun [French tyrannie; from tyran.]

1. Arbitrary or despotic exercise of power; the exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of government. Hence tyranny is often synonymous with cruelty and oppression.

2. Cruel government or discipline; as the tyranny of a master.

3. Unresisted and cruel power.

4. Absolute monarchy cruelly administered.

5. Severity; rigor; inclemency.

The tyranny o' th' open night.

Shak.

Tyrant

TY'RANT, noun [Latin tyrannus; Greek. The Welsh has teyrn, a king or sovereign, which Owen says is compounded of te, [that spreads,] and gyrn, imperious, supreme, from gyr, a driving. The Gaelic has tiarna and tighearna, a lord, prince or ruler, from tigh, a house; indicating that the word originally signified the master of a family merely, or the head of a clan. There is some uncertainty as to the real origin of the word. It signified originally merely a chief, king or prince.]

1. A monarch or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require.

2. A despotic ruler; a cruel master; an oppressor.

Love, to a yielding heart is a king, to a resisting heart is a tyrant.

Sidney.

Tyro

TYRO, noun A beginner. [See Tiro.]

Tythe

TYTHE, [See Tithe.]

Tything

TYTHING, [See Tithing.]

Tzar

TZ`AR, noun The emperor of Russia.

Tzarina

TZARI'NA, noun The empress of Russia.

U

U

U is the twenty first letter and the fifth vowel in the English Alphabet. Its true primary sound in Anglo Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe; that of oo in cool, tool, answering to the French ou, in tour. This sound was changed, probably under the Norman kings, by the attempt made to introduce the Norman French language into common use. However this fact may be, the first, or long and proper sound of u, in English, is now not perfectly simple, and it cannot be strictly called a vowel. The sound seems to be nearly that of eu, shortened and blended. This sound however is not precisely that of eu or yu, except in a few words, as in unite, union, uniform; the sound does not begin with the distinct sound does not begin with the distinct sound of e, nor end in the distinct sound of oo, unless when prolonged. It cannot be well expressed in letters. This sound is heard in the unaffected pronunciation of annuity, numerate, brute, mute, dispute, duke, true, truth, rule, prudence, opportunity, infusion.

Some modern writers make a distinction between the sound of u, when it follows r, as in rude, truth, and its sound when it follows other letters, as in mute, duke; making the former sound equivalent to oo; rood, trooth; and the latter a diphthong equivalent to eu or yu. This is a mischievous innovation, and not authorized by any general usage either in England or the United States. The difference, very nice indeed, between the sound of u in mute, and in rude, is owing entirely to the articulation which precedes that letter. For example, when a labial precedes u, we enter on its sound with the lips closed, and in opening them to the position required for uttering u, there is almost necessarily a slight sound of e formed before we arrive at the proper sound of u. when r precedes u, the mouth is open before the sound of u is commenced. But in both cases, u is to be considered as having the same sound.

In some words, as in bull, full, pull, the sound of u is that of the Italian u, the French ou, but shortened. This is a vowel.

U has another short sound, as in tun, run, sun, turn, rub. This also is a vowel.

Uberous

U'BEROUS, adjective [Latin uber.] Fruitful; copious. [Little used.]

Uberty

U'BERTY, noun [Latin ubertas, from uber, fruitful or copious.] Abundance; fruitfulness. [Little used.]

Ubication

UBICA'TION, or UBI'ETY, noun [Latin ubi, where.] The state of being in a place; local relation. [Not much used.]

Glanville.

Ubiquitariness

UBIQ'UITARINESS, noun Existence every where. [Little used.]

Fuller.

Ubiquitary

UBIQ'UITARY, adjective [Latin ubique, from ubi. where.]

Existing every where, or in all places.

Howell.

Ubiquitary

UBIQ'UITARY, noun [supra.] One that exists every where.

Hall.

Ubiquity

UBIQ'UITY, noun [Latin ubique, every where.] Existence in all places or every where at the same time; omnipresence. The ubiquity of God is not disputed by those who admit his existence.

South.

Udder

UD'DER, noun [Saxon uder; German euter; Dutch uyer; Greek.]

The breast of a female; but the word is applied chiefly or wholly to the glandular organ of female breasts, in which the milk is secreted and retained for the nourishment of their young, commonly called the bag, in cows and other quadrupeds.

Uddered

UD'DERED, adjective Furnished with udders.

Gay.

Uglily

UG'LILY, adverb In an ugly manner; with deformity.

Ugliness

UG'LINESS, noun [from ugly.] Total want of beauty; deformity of person; as old age and ugliness.

Dryden.

2. Turpitude of mind; moral depravity; lothesomeness.

Their dull ribaldry must be offensive to any one who does not, for the sake of the sin, pardon the ugliness of its circumstances.

South.

Ugly

UG'LY, adjective [Welsh hag, a cut or gash; hagyr, ugly, rough. See Hack.]

Deformed; offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; hateful; as an ugly person; an ugly face.

O I have pass'd a miserable night,

So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams.

Shak.

Fellow, begone; I cannot bear thy sight;

This news hath made thee a most ugly man.

Ib.

Ukase

UKA'SE, noun In Russia, a proclamation or imperial order published.

Ulcer

UL'CER, noun [French ulcere; Italian ulcera; Latin ulcus; Greek.]

A sore; a solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, attended with a secretion of pus or some kind of discharge. Ulcers on the lungs are seldom healed.

Cooper.

Ulcerate

UL'CERATE, verb intransitive To be formed into an ulcer; to become ulcerous.

Ulcerate

UL'CERATE, verb transitive [French ulcerer; Latin ulcero.]

To affect with an ulcer or with ulcers.

Harvey.

Ulcerated

UL'CERATED, participle passive Affected with ulcers.

Ulcerating

UL'CERATING, participle of the present tense Turning to an ulcer; generating ulcers.

Ulceration

ULCERA'TION, noun [French from Latin ulceratio.]

1. The process of forming into an ulcer; or the process of becoming ulcerous.

2. An ulcer; a morbid sore that discharges pus or other fluid.

Arbuthnot.

Ulcered

UL'CERED, adjective Having become an ulcer.

Temple.

Ulcerous

UL'CEROUS, adjective Having the nature or character of an ulcer; discharging purulent or other matter.

Harvey.

2. Affected with an ulcer or with ulcers.

Ulcerousness

UL'CEROUSNESS, noun The state of being ulcerous.

Ulcusle

UL'CUSLE, noun [Latin ulcusculum, from ulcus.] A little ulcer.

Ule-Tree

U'LE-TREE, noun In botany, the Castilla, a genus of trees, whose milky juice yields that kind of elastic gum, called by the Mexicans ule.

Cyc.

Uliginous

ULIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin uliginosus, from uligo, ooziness.]

Muddy; oozy; slimy.

Woodward.

Ullage

UL'LAGE, noun In commerce, the wantage of casks of liquor, or what a cask wants of being full.

Cyc.

Ulmin

UL'MIN, noun [Latin ulmus, elm.] A substance obtained from the elm tree, of very singular properties. It resembles gum, but is hard, of a black color, and considerably bitter. In its original state, it is soluble in water, and insoluble in alcohol or ether; but when nitric or oxymuriatic acid is poured into its solution, it changes into a resinous substance no longer soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol.

Cyc.

A substance originally obtained in the state of an exsudation from the elm; but it is found to be a constituent of the bark of almost all trees.

Thomson.

Ulnage

ULNAGE. [See Alnage, Aunage.]

Ulnar

UL'NAR, adjective [Latin ulna.] Pertaining to the ulna or cubit; as the ulnar nerve.

Coxe.

Ulterior

ULTE'RIOR, adjective [Latin comparative.] Further; as ulterior demands; ulterior propo. sitions. What ulterior measures will be adopted is uncertain.

Smollett.

2. In geography, being or situated beyond or on the further side of any line or boundary; opposed to citerior, or hither.

Ultimate

UL'TIMATE, adjective [Latin ultimus, furthest.]

1. Furthest; most remote; extreme. We have not yet arrived at the ultimate point of progression.

2. Final; being that to which all the rest is directed, as to the main object. The ultimate end of our actions should be the glory of God, or the display of his exalted excellence. The ultimate end and aim of men is to be happy, and to attain to this end, we must yield that obedience which will honor the law and character of God.

3. Last in a train of consequences; intended in the last resort.

Many actions apt to procure fame, are not conducive to this our ultimate happiness.

Addison.

4. Last; terminating; being at the furthest point.

Darwin.

5. The last into which a substance can be resolved; constituent.

Darwin.

Ultimately

UL'TIMATELY, adverb Finally; at last; in the end or last consequence. Afflictions often tend to correct immoral habits, and ultimately prove blessings.

Ultimatum

ULTIMA'TUM, noun [Latin] In diplomacy, the final propositions, conditions or terms offered as the basis of a treaty; the most favorable terms that a negotiator can offer, and the rejection of which usually puts an end to negotiation. It is sometimes used in the plural, ultimata.

2. Any final proposition or condition.

Ultimity

ULTIM'ITY, noun The last stage or consequence. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Ultramarine

ULTRAMARINE, adjective [Latin ultra, beyond, and marinus, marine.]

Situated or being beyond the sea.

Ainsworth.

Ultramarine

ULTRAMARINE, noun [supra.] A beautiful and durable sky-blue; a color formed of the mineral called lapis lazuli, and consisting of little else than oxyd of iron.

Klaproth.

2. Azure-stone.

Ure.

Ultramarine ashes, a pigment which is the residuum of lapis lazuli, after the ultramarine has been extracted. Their appearance is that of the ultramarine, a little tinged with red, and diluted with white.

Cyc.

Ultramontane

ULTRAMON'TANE, adjective [French from Latin ultra and montanus, from mons, mountain.]

Being beyond the mountain. Thus France, with regard to Italy, is an ultramontane country.

Pouffin is the only ultramontane painter whom the Italians seem to envy.

Cyc.

Ultramundane

ULTRAMUN'DANE, adjective [Latin ultra and mundus, world.]

Being beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system.

Ultroneous

ULTRO'NEOUS, adjective [Latin ultro, of one's own accord.] Spontaneous; voluntary. [Not used.]

Ululate

:U'LULATE, verb intransitive [Latin ululo, to howl.] To howl, as a dog or wolf.

Herbert.

Ululation

:ULULA'TION, noun A howling, as of the wolf or dog.

Umbel

UM'BEL, noun [Latin umbella, a screen or fan.]

In botany, a particular mode of inflorescence or flowering, which consists of a number of flower-stalks or rays, nearly equal in length, spreading from a common center, their summits forming a level, convex, or even globose surface, more rarely a concave one, as in the carrot. It is simple or compound; in the latter, each peduncle bears another little umbel, umbellet or umbellicle.

Cyc. Martyn.

Umbel is sometimes called a rundle, from its roundness.

Umbellar

UM'BELLAR, adjective Pertaining to an umbel; having the form of an umbel.

Umbellate

UM'BELLATE, or UM'BELLATED, adjective Bearing umbels; consisting of an umbel; growing on an umbel; as umbellate plants or flowers.

Umbellet

UM'BELLET, or UMBEL'LICLE, noun A little or partial umbel.

Martyn.

Umbelliferous

UMBELLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin umbella and fero, to bear.]

Producing the inflorescence called an umbel; bearing umbels; as umbelliferous plants.

Umber

UM'BER, noun In natural history, an ore of iron, a fossil of a brown, yellowish, or blackish brown color, so called from Ombria in Italy, where it was first obtained. It is used in painting. A specimen from Cyprus afforded, of a hundred parts, 48 parts of oxyd of iron, 20 of oxyd of manganese, the remainder silex, alumin and water.

Cyc.

Umber

UM'BER, noun A fowl of Africa, called the African crow.

The Scopus umbretta, a fowl of the grallic order, inhabiting Africa.

Cyc.

Umber

UM'BER, noun A fish of the truttaceous kind, called the grayling, or thymallus; a fresh water fish of a fine taste.

Cyc.

Umber

UM'BER, verb transitive To color with umber; to shade or darken.

Shak.

Umbered

UM'BERED, adjective [Latin umbra, a shade.] Shaded; clouded.

Shak.

2. [from umber.] Painted with umber.

Umbilic

UMBIL'IC, noun [infra.] The navel; the center.

Herbert.

Umbilic

UMBIL'IC, or UMBIL'ICAL, adjective [Latin umbilicus, the navel.] Pertaining to the navel; as umbilical vessels; umbilical region.

Umbilical points, in mathematics, the same as foci.

Umbilical vessels, in vegetables, are the small vessels which pass from the heart of the seed into the side seed-lobes, and are supposed to imbibe the saccharine, farinaceous or oily matter which is to support the new vegetable in its germination and infant growth.

Cyc. Darwin.

Umbilicate

UMBIL'ICATE, or UMBIL'ICATED, adjective Navel-shaped; formed in the middle like a navel; as a flower, fruit, or leaf.

Martyn. Cyc.

Umbles

UM'BLES, noun [French] The entrails of a deer.

Dict.

Umbo

UM'BO, noun [Latin] The boss or protuberant part of a shield.

Cyc. Swift.

Umboldilite

UMBOLDILITE, noun [from Humboldt.] A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral, whose primitive form is a right rectangular prism, with a square base, its color brown, inclining to yellowish or greenish yellow.

Journ. of Science.

Umbra

UM'BRA, noun A fish caught in the Mediterranean, generally about 12 or 14 inches long, but sometimes growing to the weight of 60 pounds. It is called also chromis and corvo.

Cyc.

Umbrage

UM'BRAGE, noun [French ombrage, from ombre, Latin umbra, a shade.]

1. A shade; a skreen of trees; as the umbrage of woods.

Milton.

2. Shadow; shade; slight appearance.

The opinion carries no show of truth nor umbrage of reason on its side. Woodward. Obs. [See Shadow.]

3. Suspicion of injury; offense; resentment.

The court of France took umbrage at the conduct of Spain.

Umbrageous

UMBRA'GEOUS, adjective [French ombrageux.] Shading; forming a shade; as umbrageous trees or foliage.

Thomson.

2. Shady; shaded; as an umbrageous grotto or garden.

Umbrageous grots, and caves of cool recess.

Milton.

3. Obscure.

Wotton.

Umbrageousness

UMBRA'GEOUSNESS, noun Shadiness; as the umbrageousness of a tree.

Raleigh.

Umbrate

UM'BRATE, verb transitive [Latin umbro, to shade.] To shade; to shadow. [Little used.]

Umbrated

UM'BRATED, participle passive Shaded; shadowed.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Umbratic

UMBRAT'IC, or UMBRAT'ICAL, adjective [Latin umbraticus.] Shadowy; typical.

Barrow.

2. Keeping in the shade or at home.

B. Jonson.

Umbratile

UM'BRATILE, adjective [Latin umbratilis.] Being in the shade.

Johnson.

2. Unreal; unsubstantial.

B. Jonson.

3. Being in retirement; secluded; as an umbratile life. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Umbratious

UMBRA'TIOUS, adjective [See Umbrage.] Suspicious; apt to distrust; captions; disposed to take umbrage. [Little used.]

Wotton.

Umbrel

UM'BREL, or UMBREL'LA, noun [from Latin umbra, shade.]

A shade, skreen or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed of silk, cotton or other cloth extended on strips of elastic whalebone, inserted in or fastened to a rod or stick. [See Parasol.]

Umbriere

UMBRIE'RE, noun The visor of a helmet.

Spenser.

Umbrosity

UMBROS'ITY, noun [Latin umbrosus.] Shadiness. [Little used.]

Brown.

Umpirage

UM'PIRAGE, noun [from umpire.] The power, right or authority of an umpire to decide.

President's Message, Oct. 1803.

2. The decision of an umpire.

Umpire

UM'PIRE, noun [Norm. impere; Latin imperium, contracted, as in empire.]

1. A third person called in to decide a controversy or question submitted to arbitrators, when the arbitrators do not agree in opinion.

2. A person to whose sole decision a controversy or question between parties is referred. Thus the emperor of Russia was constituted umpire between Great Britain and the United States, to decide the controversy respecting the slaves carried from the states by the British troops.

Umpire

UM'PIRE, verb transitive To arbitrate; to decide as umpire; to settle, as a dispute. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Un

UN, a prefix or inseparable preposition, Saxon un or on, usually un, German un, Dutch on, Sanscrit

an, is the same word as the Latin in. It is a particle of negation, giving to words to which it is prefixed, a negative signification. We use un or in indifferently for this purpose; and the tendency of modern usage is to prefer the use of in, in some words, where un was formerly used. Un admits of no change of n into l, m or r, as in does, in illuminate, immense, irresolute. It is prefixed generally to adjectives and participles, and almost at pleasure. In a few instances, it is prefixed to verbs, as in unbend, unbind, unharness. As the compounds formed with un are so common and so well known, the composition is not noticed under the several words. For the etymologies, see the simple words.

Unabsed

UNAB'SED, adjective Not abased; not humbled.

Unabashed

UNABASH'ED, adjective Not abashed; not confused with shame, or by modesty.

Pope.

Unabated

UNABA'TED, adjective Not abated; not diminished in strength or violence. The fever remains unabated.

Unabbreviated

UNABBRE'VIATED, adjective Not abbreviated; not shortened.

Unabetted

UNABET'TED, adjective Not abetted; not aided.

Unability

UNABIL'ITY, or UNA'BLENESS, noun Want of ability. [Not used. We use inability.]

Unabjured

UNABJU'RED, adjective Not abjured; not renounced on oath.

Unable

UNA'BLE, adjective Not able; not having sufficient strength or means; impotent; weak in power, or poor in substance. A man is unable to rise when sick; he is unable to labor; he is unable to support his family or to purchase a farm; he is unable for a particular enterprise.

2. Not having adequate knowledge or skill.

A man is unable to paint a good likeness; he is unable to command a ship or an army.

Unabolishable

UNABOL'ISHABLE, adjective Not abolishable; that may not be abolished, annulled or destroyed.

Milton.

Unabolished

UNABOL'ISHED, adjective Not abolished; not repealed or annulled; remaining in force.

Hooker.

Unabridged

UNABRIDG'ED, adjective Not abridged; not shortened.

Unabrogated

UNAB'ROGATED, adjective Not abrogated; not annulled.

Unabsolved

UNABSOLV'ED, a. s as z. Not absolved; not acquitted or forgiven.

Unabsorbable

UNABSORB'ABLE, adjective Not absorbable; not capable of being absorbed.

Davy.

Unabsorbed

UNABSORB'ED, adjective Not absorbed; not imbibed.

Davy.

Unaccelerated

UNACCEL'ERATED, adjective Not accelerated; not hastened.

Unaccented

UNACCENT'ED, adjective Not accented; having no accent; as an unaccented syllable.

Holder.

Unacceptable

UNACCEPT'ABLE, adjective Not acceptable; not pleasing; not welcome; not such as will be received with pleasure.

Clarendon.

Unacceptableness

UNACCEPT'ABLENESS, noun The state of not pleasing.

Collier.

Unacceptably

UNACCEPT'ABLY, adverb In an unwelcome or unpleasing manner.

Unaccepted

UNACCEPT'ED, adjective Not accepted or received; rejected.

Prior.

Unaccessible

UNACCESS'IBLE, adjective Inaccessible. [This latter word is now used.]

Unaccessibleness

UNACCESS'IBLENESS, noun State of not being approachable; inaccessibleness. [The latter is the word now used.]

Unaccommodated

UNACCOM'MODATED, adjective Not accommodated; not furnished with external conveniences.

Shak.

2. Not fitted or adapted.

Mitford.

Unaccommodating

UNACCOM'MODATING, adjective Not accommodating; not ready to oblige; uncompliant.

Unaccompanied

UNACCOMPANIED, adjective Not attended; having no attendants, companions or followers.

Hayward.

2. Having no appendages.

Unaccomplished

UNACCOM'PLISHED, adjective Not accomplished; not finished; incomplete.

Dryden.

2. Not refined in manners; not furnished with elegant literature or with polish of manners.

Unaccomplishment

UNACCOM'PLISHMENT, noun Want of accomplishment or execution.

Milton.

Unaccording

UNACCORD'ING, adjective Not according; not agreeing.

Fearn.

Unaccountability

UNACCOUNTABIL'ITY, noun The state or quality of not being accountable; or the state of being unaccountable for.

Swift.

Unaccountable

UNACCOUNT'ABLE, adjective Not to be accounted for. Such folly is unaccountable.

2. Not explicable; not to be solved by reason or the light possessed; not reducible to rule. The union of soul and body is to us unaccountable.

Swift.

3. Not subject to account or control; not subject to answer; not responsible.

Unaccountableness

UNACCOUNT'ABLENESS, noun Strangeness.

2. Irresponsibility.

Unaccountably

UNACCOUNT'ABLY, adverb In a manner not to be explained; strangely.

Addison.

Unaccredited

UNACCRED'ITED, adjective Not accredited; not received; not authorized. The minister or the consul remained unaccredited.

Unaccurate

UNAC'CURATE, adjective Inaccurate; not correct or exact. [But inaccurate is now used.]

Boyle.

Unaccurateness

UNAC'CURATENESS, noun Want of correctness. [But we now use inaccurateness, or inaccuracy.]

Unaccused

UNACCU'SED, a. s as z. Not accused; not charged with a crime or fault.

Unaccustomed

UNACCUS'TOMED, adjective Not accustomed; not used; not made familiar; not habituated; as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke. Jeremiah 31.

2. New; not usual; not made familiar; as unaccustomed air; unaccustomed ideas.

Watts.

Unachievable

UNACHIE'VABLE, adjective That cannot be done or accomplished.

Farindon.

Unachieved

UNACHIE'VED, adjective Not achieved; not accomplished or performed.

Unacknowledged

UNACKNOWL'EDGED, adjective Not acknowledged; not recognized; as an unacknowledged agent or consul.

2. Not owned; not confessed; not avowed; as an unacknowledged crime or fault.

Unacquaintance

UNACQUA'INTANCE, noun Want of acquaintance or familiarity; want of knowledge; followed by with; as an utter unacquaintance with his design.

South.

Unacquainted

UNACQUA'INTED, adjective Not well known; unusual.

And th' unacquainted light began to fear. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

2. Not having familiar knowledge; followed by with.

My ears are unacquainted

With such bold truths.

Denham.

Unacquaintedness

UNACQUA'INTEDNESS, noun Want of acquaintance.

Whiston.

Unacquired

UNACQUI'RED, adjective Not acquired; not gained.

Unacquitted

UNACQUIT'TED, adjective Not acquitted; not declared innocent.

Unacted

UNACT'ED, adjective Not acted; not performed; not executed.

Shak.

Unactive

UNACT'IVE, adjective Not active; not brisk. [We now use inactive.]

2. Having no employment.

3. Not busy; not diligent; idle.

4. Having no action or efficacy. [See Inactive.]

Unactuated

UNACT'UATED, adjective Not actuated; not moved.

Glanville.

Unadapted

UNADAPT'ED, adjective Not adapted; not suited.

Mitford.

Unaddicted

UNADDICT'ED, adjective Not addicted; not given or devoted.

Unadjudged

UNADJUDG'ED, adjective Not adjudged; not judicially decided.

Unadjusted

UNADJUST'ED, adjective Not adjusted; not settled; not regulated; as differences unadjusted.

2. Not settled; not liquidated; as unadjusted accounts.

Unadministered

UNADMIN'ISTERED, adjective Not administered.

Unadmired

UNADMI'RED, adjective Not admired; not regarded with great affection or respect.

Pope.

Unadmiring

UNADMI'RING, adjective Not admiring.

Unadmonished

UNADMON'ISHED, adjective Not admonished; not cautioned, warned or advised.

Milton.

Unadopted

UNADOPT'ED, adjective Not adopted; not received as one's own.

Unadored

UNADO'RED, adjective Not adored; not worshiped.

Milton.

Unadorned

UNADORN'ED, adjective Not adorned; not decorated; not embellished.

Milton.

Unadulterated

UNADUL'TERATED, adjective Not adulterated; genuine; pure.

Addison.

Unadulterous

UNADUL'TEROUS, adjective Not guilty of adultery.

Unadulterously

UNADUL'TEROUSLY, adverb Without being guilty of adultery.

Unadventurous

UNADVENT'UROUS, adjective Not adventurous; not bold or resolute.

Milton.

Unadvisable

UNADVI'SABLE, a. s as z. Not advisable; not to be recommended; not expedient; not prudent.

Unadvised

UNADVI'SED, a. s as z. Not prudent; not discrete.

Shak.

2. Done without due consideration; rash; as an unadvised measure or proceeding.

Shak.

Unadvisedly

UNADVI'SEDLY, adverb s as z. Imprudently; indiscretely; rashly; without due consideration.

Hooker.

Unadvisedness

UNADVI'SEDNESS, noun s as z. Imprudence; rashness.

Unaerated

UNA'ERATED, adjective Not combined with carbonic acid.

Unaffable

UNAF'FABLE, adjective Not affable; not free to converse; reserved.

Unaffected

UNAFFECT'ED, adjective Not affected; plain; natural; not labored or artificial; simple; as unaffected ease and grace.

2. Real; not hypocritical; sincere; as unaffected sorrow.

Dryden.

3. Not moved; not having the heart or passions touched. Men often remain unaffected under all the solemn monitions of Providence.

Unaffectedly

UNAFFECT'EDLY, adverb Really; in sincerity; without disguise; without attempting to produce false appearances. He was unaffectedly cheerful.

Locke.

Unaffecting

UNAFFECT'ING, adjective Not pathetic; not adapted to move the passions.

Unaffectionate

UNAFFEC'TIONATE, adjective Not affectionate; wanting affection.

Unaffirmed

UNAFFIRM'ED, adjective Not affirmed; not confirmed.

Unafflicted

UNAFFLICT'ED, adjective Not afflicted; free from trouble.

Unaffrighted

UNAFFRIGHTED, adjective Not frightened.

Unaggravated

UNAG'GRAVATED, adjective Not aggravated.

Unagitated

UNAG'ITATED, adjective Not agitated; calm.

Unagreeable

UNAGREE'ABLE, adjective Not consistent; unsuitable.

Milton.

Unagreeableness

UNAGREE'ABLENESS, noun Unsuitableness; inconsistency with.

Decay of Piety.

Unaidable

UNA'IDABLE, adjective Not to be aided or assisted. [Not used.]

Unaided

UNA'IDED, adjective Not aided; not assisted.

Blackmore.

Unaiming

UNA'IMING, adjective Having no particular aim or direction.

Granville.

Unaking

UNA'KING, adjective Not aking; not giving or feeling pain.

Shak.

Unalarmed

UNAL`ARMED, adjective Not alarmed; not disturbed with fear.

Cowper.

Unalienable

UNA'LIENABLE, adjective Not alienable; that cannot be alienated; that may not be transferred; as unalienable rights.

Swift.

Unalienably

UNA'LIENABLY, adverb In a manner that admits of no alienation; as property unalienably vested.

Unalienated

UNA'LIENATED, adjective Not alienated; not transferred; not estranged.

Unallayed

UNALLA'YED, adjective Not allayed; not appeased or quieted.

2. For unalloyed. [See Unalloyed.]

Unalleviated

UNALLE'VIATED, adjective Not alleviated; not mitigated.

Unalliable

UNALLI'ABLE, adjective That cannot be allied or connected in amity.

Cheyne.

Unallied

UNALLI'ED, adjective Having no alliance or connection, either by nature, marriage or treaty; as unallied families or nations, or substances.

2. Having no powerful relation.

Unallowed

UNALLOW'ED, adjective Not allowed; not permitted.

Unalloyed

UNALLOY'ED, adjective Not alloyed; not reduced by foreign admixture; as metals unalloyed.

I enjoyed unalloyed satisfaction in his company.

Mitford.

Unallured

UNALLU'RED, adjective Not allured; not enticed.

Unalluring

UNALLU'RING, adjective Not alluring; not tempting.

Mitford.

Unalmsed

UN`ALMSED, adjective unÃƒ- mzed. Not having received alms.

Pollok.

Unalterable

UNAL'TERABLE, adjective Not alterable; unchangeable; immutable.

South.

Unalterableness

UNAL'TERABLENESS, noun Unchangeableness; immutability.

Woodward.

Unalterably

UNAL'TERABLY, adverb Unchangeably; immutably.

Unaltered

UNAL'TERED, adjective Not altered or changed.

Dryden.

Unamazed

UNAMA'ZED, adjective Not amazed; free from astonishment.

Milton.

Unambiguous

UNAMBIG'UOUS, adjective Not ambiguous; not of doubtful meaning; plain; clear; certain.

Chesterfield.

Unambiguously

UNAMBIG'UOUSLY, adverb In a clear, explicit manner.

Unambiguousness

UNAMBIG'UOUSNESS, noun Clearness; explicitness.

Unambitious

UNAMBI'TIOUS, adjective Not ambitious; free from ambition.

2. Not affecting show; not showy or prominent; as unambitious ornaments.

Unambitiousness

UNAMBI'TIOUSNESS, noun Freedom from ambition.

Unamendable

UNAMEND'ABLE, adjective Not capable of emendation.

Pope.

Unamended

UNAMEND'ED, adjective Not amended; not rectified.

Ash.

Unamiable

UNA'MIABLE, adjective Not amiable; not conciliating love; not adapted to gain affection.

Spectator.

Unamiableness

UNA'MIABLENESS, noun Want of amiableness.

Unamused

UNAMU'SED, a. s as z. Not amused; not entertained.

Unamusing

UNAMU'SING, a. s as z. Not amusing; not affording entertainment.

Roscoe. Mitford.

Unamusive

UNAMU'SIVE, adjective Not affording amusement.

Unanalogical

UNANALOG'ICAL, adjective Not analogical.

Unanalogous

UNANAL'OGOUS, adjective Not analogous; not agreeable to.

Darwin.

Unanalysed

UNAN'ALYSED, a. s as z. Not analysed; not resolved into simple parts.

Boyle.

Unanchored

UNAN'CHORED, adjective Not anchored; not moored.

Pope.

Unaneled

UNANE'LED, adjective Not having received extreme unction. [See Anneal.]

Shak.

Unangular

UNAN'GULAR, adjective Having no angles.

Good.

Unanimalized

UNAN'IMALIZED, adjective Not formed into animal matter.

Unanimated

UNAN'IMATED, adjective Not animated; not possessed of life.

2. Not enlivened; not having spirit; dull.

Unanimating

UNAN'IMATING, adjective Not animating; dull.

Unanimity

:UNANIM'ITY, noun [French unanimitÃƒ-©; Latin unus, one, and animus, mind.]

Agreement of a number of persons in opinion or determination; as, there was perfect unanimity among the members of the council.

Unanimous

:UNAN'IMOUS, adjective Being of one mind; agreeing in opinion or determination; as, the house of assembly was unanimous; the members of the council were unanimous.

2. Formed by unanimity; as a unanimous vote.

Unanimously

:UNAN'IMOUSLY, adverb With entire agreement of minds.

Addison.

Unanimousness

:UNAN'IMOUSNESS, noun The state of being of one mind.

2. Proceeding from unanimity; as the unanimousness of a vote.

Unannealed

UNANNE'ALED, adjective Not annealed; not tempered by heat; suddenly cooled.

Unannexed

UNANNEX'ED, adjective Not annexed; not joined.

Unannoyed

UNANNOY'ED, adjective Not annoyed or incommoded.

Unanointed

UNANOINT'ED, adjective Not anointed.

2. Not having received extreme unction.

Shak.

Unanswerable

UN`ANSWERABLE, adjective Not to be satisfactorily answered; not capable of refutation; as an unanswerable argument.

Unanswerableness

UN`ANSWERABLENESS, noun The state of being unanswerable.

Unanswerably

UN`ANSWERABLY, adverb In a manner not to be answered; beyond refutation.

South.

Unanswered

UN`ANSWERED, adjective Not answered; not opposed by a reply.

Milton.

2. Not refuted.

Hooker.

3. Not suitably returned.

Dryden.

Unapocryphal

UNAPOC'RYPHAL, adjective Not apocryphal; not of doubtful authority.

Milton.

Unappalled

UNAPPALL'ED, adjective Not appalled; not daunted; not impressed with fear.

With eyes erect and visage unappall'd.

Smith.

Unappareled

UNAPPAR'ELED, adjective Not appareled; not clothed.

Bacon.

Unapparent

UNAPPA'RENT, adjective Not apparent; obscure; not visible.

Milton.

Unappealable

UNAPPE'ALABLE, adjective Not appealable; admitting no appeal; that cannot be carried to a higher court by appeal; as an unappealable cause.

Unappeasable

UNAPPE'ASABLE, a. s as z. Not to be appeased or pacified; as an unappeasable clamor.

2. Not placable; as unappeasable wrath.

Unappeased

UNAPPE'ASED, a. s as z. Not appeased; not pacified.

Dryden.

Unappliable

UNAPPLI'ABLE, adjective Inapplicable. [Little used.]

Milton.

Unapplicable

UNAP'PLICABLE, adjective Inapplicable; that cannot be applied. [We now use inapplicable.]

Unapplied

UNAPPLI'ED, adjective Not applied; not used according to the destination; as unapplied funds.

Unapposite

UNAP'POSITE, a. s as z. Not apposite; not suitable.

Gerard.

Unappreciated

UNAPPRE'CIATED, adjective Not duly estimated or valued.

Unapprehended

UNAPPREHEND'ED, adjective Not apprehended; not taken.

2. Not understood.

Hooker.

Unapprehensible

UNAPPREHENS'IBLE, adjective Not capable of being understood.

South.

Unapprehensive

UNAPPREHENS'IVE, adjective Not apprehensive; not fearful or suspecting.

2. Not intelligent; not ready of conception.

South.

Unapprised

UNAPPRI'SED, a. s as z. Not apprised; not previously informed.

Unapproachable

UNAPPROACHABLE, adjective That cannot be approached; inaccessible.

Unapproachableness

UNAPPROACHABLENESS, noun Inaccessibleness.

Unapproached

UNAPPROACHED, adjective Not approached; not to be approached.

Milton.

Unappropriated

UNAPPRO'PRIATED, adjective Not appropriated; not applied or directed to be applied to any specific object; as money or funds.

Hamilton.

2. Not granted or given to any person, company or corporation; as unappropriated lands.

B. Trumbull.

Unapproved

UNAPPROVED, adjective Not approved; not having received approbation.

Milton.

Unapt

UNAPT', adjective Not apt; not ready or propense.

A soldier, unapt to weep.

Shak.

2. Dull; not ready to learn.

3. Unfit; not qualified; not disposed; with

to, before a verb, and for, before a noun; as unapt to admit a conference with reason.

Hooker.

Unapt for noble, wise, spiritual employments.

Taylor.

4. Improper; unsuitable.

Johnson.

Unaptly

UNAPT'LY, adverb Unfitly; improperly.

Grew.

Unaptness

UNAPT'NESS, noun Unfitness; unsuitableness.

Spenser.

2. Dullness; want of quick apprehension.

Shak.

3. Unreadiness; disqualification; want of propension. The mind, by excess of exertion, gets an unaptness to vigorous attempts.

Locke.

Unargued

UN`ARGUED, adjective Not argued; not debated.

2. Not disputed; not opposed by argument.

Milton.

3. Not censured; a Latinism. [Not used.]

B. Jonson.

Unarm

UN`ARM, verb transitive To disarm; to strip of armor or arms. [Not used.] [See Disarm.]

Shak.

Unarmed

UN`ARMED, adjective Not having on arms or armor; not equipped. Man is born unarmed. It is mean to attack even an enemy unarmed.

2. Not furnished with scales, prickles or other defense; as animals and plants.

Unarraigned

UNARRA'IGNED, adjective Not arraigned; not brought to trial.

Daniel.

Unarranged

UNARRANGED, adjective Not arranged; not disposed in order.

Unarrayed

UNARRA'YED, adjective Not arrayed; not dressed.

Dryden.

2. Not disposed in order.

Unarrived

UNARRI'VED, adjective Not arrived. [Ill formed.]

Young.

Unarted

UN'ARTED, adjective Ignorant of the arts. [Not in use.]

Waterhouse.

Unartful

UN`ARTFUL, adjective Not artful; artless; not having cunning.

Dryden.

2. Wanting skill. [Little used.]

Cheyne.

Unartfully

UN`ARTFULLY, adverb Without art; in an unartful manner.

Swift.

[In lieu of these words, artless and artlessly are generally used.]

Unarticulated

UNARTIC'ULATED, adjective Not articulated or distinctly pronounced.

Encyc.

Unartificial

UNARTIFI'CIAL, adjective Not artificial; not formed by art.

Unartificially

UNARTIFI'CIALLY, adverb Not with art; in a manner coutrary to art.

Derham.

Unascendible

UNASCEND'IBLE, adjective That cannot be ascended.

Marshall.

Unascertainable

UNASCERTA'INABLE, adjective That cannot be ascertained, or reduced to a certainty; that cannot be certainly known.

The trustees are unascertainable.

Wheaton's Rep.

Unascertained

UNASCERTA'INED, adjective Not reduced to a certainty; not certainly known.

Hamilton.

Unasked

UN`ASKED, adjective Not asked; unsolicited; as, to bestow favors unasked; that was an unasked favor.

2. Not sought by entreaty or care.

The bearded corn ensu'd

From earth unask'd.

Dryden.

Unaspective

UNASPECT'IVE, adjective Not having a view to.

Feltham.

Unaspirated

UNAS'PIRATED, adjective Having no aspirate.

Parr.

Unaspiring

UNASPI'RING, adjective Not aspiring; not ambitious.

Rogers.

Unassailable

UNASSA'ILABLE, adjective Not assailable; that cannot be assaulted.

Shak.

Unassailed

UNASSA'ILED, adjective Not assailed; not attacked by violence.

To keep my life and honor unassail'd.

Milton.

Unassaulted

UNASSAULT'ED, adjective Not assaulted; not attacked.

Unassayed

UNASSA'YED, adjective Not essayed; not attempted. [We now use unessayed.]

2. Not subjected to assay or trial.

Unassembled

UNASSEM'BLED, adjective Not assembled or congregated.

Unasserted

UNASSERT'ED, adjective Not asserted; not affirmed; not vindicated.

Unassessed

UNASSESS'ED, adjective Not assessed; not rated.

Unassignable

UNASSIGNABLE, adjective Not assignable; that cannot be transferred by assignment or indorsement.

Jones. Wheaton.

Unassigned

UNASSIGNED, adjective Not assigned; not declared; not transferred.

Unassimilated

UNASSIM'ILATED, adjective Not assimilated; not made to resemble.

2. In physiology, not formed or converted into a like substance; not animalized, as food.

Med. Repos.

Unassisted

UNASSIST'ED, adjective Not assisted; not aided or helped; as unassisted reason.

Rogers.

Unassisting

UNASSIST'ING, adjective Giving no help.

Dryden.

Unassociated

UNASSO'CIATED, adjective Not associated; not united with a society.

2. In Connecticut, not united with an association; as an unassociated church.

Unassorted

UNASSORT'ED, adjective Not assorted; not distributed into sorts.

Unassuming

UNASSU'MING, adjective Not assuming; not bold or forward; not making lofty pretensions; not arrogant; modest; as an unassuming youth; unassuming manners.

Unassured

UNASSU'RED, adjective [See Sure.] Not assured; not confident; as an unassured countenance.

Glanville.

2. Not to be trusted; as an unassured foe.

Spenser.

3. Not insured against loss; as goods unassured.

Unatonable

UNATO'NABLE, adjective Not to be appeased; not to be reconciled.

Milton.

Unatoned

UNATO'NED, adjective Not expiated.

A brother's blood yet unaton'd.

Rowe.

Unattached

UNATTACH'ED, adjective Not attached; not arrested.

Junius.

2. Not closely adhering; having no fixed interest; as unattached to any party.

3. Not united by affection.

Unattacked

UNATTACK'ED, adjective Not attacked; not assaulted.

Unattainable

UNATTA'INABLE, adjective Not to be gained or obtained; as unattainable good.

Unattainableness

UNATTA'INABLENESS, noun The state of being beyond the reach or power.

Locke.

Unattainted

UNATTA'INTED, adjective Not attained; not corrupted.

Unattempered

UNATTEM'PERED, adjective Not tempered by mixture.

Unattempted

UNATTEMPT'ED, adjective Not attempted; not tried; not essayed.

Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.

Milton.

Unattended

UNATTEND'ED, adjective Not attended; not accompanied; having no retinue or attendance.

Milton.

2. Forsaken.

Shak.

3. Not medically attended; not dressed; as unattended wounds.

Mitford.

Unattending

UNATTEND'ING, adjective Not attending or listening; not being attentive.

Ill is lost that praise

That is address'd to unattending ears.

Milton.

Unattentive

UNATTEN'TIVE, adjective Not regarding; inattentive. [The latter word is now used.]

Unattested

UNATTEST'ED, adjective Not attested; having no attestation.

Barrow.

Unattired

UNATTI'RED, adjective Not attired; not adorned.

Unattracted

UNATTRACT'ED, adjective Not attracted: not affected by attraction.

Unaugmented

UNAUGMENT'ED, adjective Not augmented or increased; in grammar, having no augment, or additional syllable.

Richardson.

Unauthentic

UNAUTHEN'TIC, adjective Not authentic; not genuine or true.

Unauthenticated

UNAUTHEN'TICATED, adjective Not authenticated; not made certain by authority.

Unauthorized

UNAU'THORIZED, adjective Not authorized; not warranted by proper authority; not duly commissioned.

Unavailable

UNAVA'ILABLE, adjective Not available; not having sufficient power to produce the intended effect; not effectual; vain; useless.

Hooker.

Unavailableness

UNAVA'ILABLENESS, noun Inefficacy; uselessness.

Sandys.

Unavailing

UNAVA'ILING, adjective Not having the effect desired; ineffectual; useless; vain; as unavailing efforts; unavailing prayers.

Unavenged

UNAVENG'ED, adjective Not avenged; not having obtained satisfaction; as, a person is unavenged.

2. Not punished; as, a crime is unavenged.

Unaverted

UNAVERT'ED, adjective Not averted; not turned away.

Unavoidable

UNAVOID'ABLE, adjective That cannot be made null or void.

Blackstone.

2. Not avoidable; not to be shunned; inevitable; as unavoidable evils.

3. Not to be missed in ratiocination.

Locke.

Unavoidableness

UNAVOID'ABLENESS, noun The state of being unavoidable; inevitableness.

Glanville.

Unavoidably

UNAVOID'ABLY, adverb Inevitably; in a manner that prevents failure or escape.

Unavoided

UNAVOID'ED, adjective Not avoided or shunned.

2. Inevitable. [Not legitimate.]

B. Jonson.

Unavowed

UNAVOW'ED, adjective Not avowed; not acknowledged; not owned; not confessed.

Unawaked

UNAWA'KED, or UNAWA'KENED, adjective Not awakened; not roused from sleep.

2. Not roused from spiritual slumber or stupidity.

Scott.

Unaware

UNAWA'RE, adjective Without thought, inattentive.

Swift.

Unaware

UNAWA'RE, or UNAWA'RES, adverb Suddenly; unexpectedly; without previous preparation. The evil came upon us unawares.

2. Without premeditated design. He killed the man unawares.

At unawares, unexpectedly.

He breaks at unawares upon our walks.

Dryden.

Unawed

UNAW'ED, adjective Not awed; not restrained by fear; undaunted.

Dryden.

Unbacked

UNBACK'ED, adjective Not having been backed; as an unbacked colt.

2. Not tamed; not taught to bear a rider.

Shak.

3. Unsupported; left without aid.

Daniel.

Unbaked

UNBA'KED, adjective Not baked.

Unbalanced

UNBAL'ANCED, adjective Not balanced; not poised; not in equipoise.

Let earth unbalanc'd from her orbit fly.

Pope.

2. Not adjusted; not settled; not brought to an equality of debt and credit; as an unbalanced account.

3. Not restrained by equal power; as unbalanced parties.

J. Adams.

Unballast

UNBAL'LAST, verb intransitive To free from ballast; to discharge the ballast from.

Mar. Dict.

Unballasted

UNBAL'LASTED, adjective Freed from ballast.

2. adjective Not furnished with ballast; not kept steady by ballast or by weight; unsteady; as unballasted wits.

"Unballast vessel," for unballasted, in Addison, is an unauthorized phrase.

Unbanded

UNBAND'ED, adjective Stripped of a band; having no band.

Shak.

Unbannered

UNBAN'NERED, adjective Having no banner.

Pollok.

Unbaptized

UNBAPTI'ZED, adjective Not baptized.

Hooker.

Unbar

UNB`AR, verb transitive To remove a bar or bars from; to unfasten; to open; as, to unbar a gate.

Unbarbed

UNB`ARBED, adjective Not shaven. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unbarked

UNB`ARKED, adjective Stripped of its bark.

Bacon.

[We now use barked in the same sense.]

Unbarred

UNB`ARRED, participle passive Having its bars removed; unfastened.

Unbarring

UNB`ARRING, participle of the present tense Removing the bars from; unfastening.

Unbashful

UNBASH'FUL, adjective Not bashful; bold; impudent.

Shak.

Unbated

UNBA'TED,adjective Not repressed; not blunted. [Not in use.]

Unbathed

UNBA'THED, adjective Not bathed; not wet.

Dryden.

Unbattered

UNBAT'TERED, adjective Not battered; not bruised or injured by blows.

Shak.

Unbay

UNBA'Y, verb transitive To open; to free from the restraint of mounds.

I ought to unbay the current of my passions. [Not in use.]

Norris.

Unbearded

UNBEARDED, a. unberd'ed. Having no beard; beardless.

Unbearing

UNBEARING, adjective Bearing or producing no fruit.

Dryden.

Unbeaten

UNBE'ATEN, adjective Not beaten; not treated with blows.

Corbet.

2. Untrod; not beaten by the feet; as unbeaten paths.

Roscommon.

Unbeauteous

UNBEAU'TEOUS, or UNBEAU'TIFUL, adjective [See Beauty.] Not beautiful; having no beauty.

Hammond.

Unbecome

UNBECOME, verb transitive Not to become; not to be suitable to; to misbecome. [Not used.]

Sherlock.

Unbecoming

UNBECOMING, adjective Unsuitable; improper for the person or character; indecent; indecorous.

My grief lets unbecoming speeches fall.

Dryden.

Unbecomingly

UNBECOMINGLY, adverb In an unsuitable manner; indecorously.

Barrow.

Unbecomingness

UNBECOMINGNESS, noun Unsuitableness to the person, character or circumstances; impropriety; indecorousness.

Locke.

Unbed

UNBED', verb transitive To raise or rouse from bed.

Eels unbed themselves and stir at the noise of thunder.

Walton.

Unbedded

UNBED'DED, participle passive Raised from bed; disturbed.

Unbedding

UNBED'DING, participle of the present tense Raising from bed.

Unbefitting

UNBEFIT'TING, adjective Not befitting; unsuitable; unbecoming.

Swift.

Unbefriended

UNBEFRIENDED, a. unbefrend'ed. Not befriended; not supported by friends; having no friendly aid.

Killingbeck.

Unbeget

UNBEGET', verb transitive To deprive of existence.

Dryden.

Unbegot

UNBEGOT', or UNBEGOT'TEN, adjective Not generated; eternal.

Stilling fleet.

2. Not yet generated.

Shak.

3. Not begotten; not generated.

South.

Unbeguile

UNBEGUI'LE, verb transitive To undeceive; to free from the influence of deceit.

Then unbeguile thyself.

Donne.

Unbeguiled

UNBEGUI'LED, participle passive Undeceived.

Unbegun

UNBEGUN', adjective Not begun.

Hooker.

Unbeheld

UNBEHELD', adjective Not beheld; not seen; not visible.

Milton.

Unbeing

UNBE'ING, adjective Not existing. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Unbelief

UNBELIE'F, noun [Saxon ungeleafa.] Incredulity; the withholding of belief; as, unbelief is blind.

Milton.

2. Infidelity; disbelief of divine revelation.

Hooker.

3. In the New Testament, disbelief of the truth of the gospel, rejection of Christ as the Savior of men, and of the doctrines he taught; distrust of God's promises and faithfulness, &c. Matthew 13. Mark 16. Hebrews 3. Romans 4.

4. Weak faith. Mark 9.

Unbelieve

UNBELIE'VE, verb transitive To discredit; not to believe or trust.

Wotton.

2. Not to think real or true.

Dryden.

Unbelieved

UNBELIE'VED, participle passive Not believed; discredited.

Unbeliever

UNBELIE'VER, noun An incredulous person; one who does not believe.

2. An infidel; one who discredits revelation, or the mission, character and doctrines of Christ. 2 Corinthians 6.

Unbelieving

UNBELIE'VING, adjective Not believing; incredulous.

2. Infidel; discrediting divine revelation, or the mission, character and doctrines of Christ; as the unbelieving Jews. Acts 14. Revelation 21.

Unbeloved

UNBELOVED, adjective Not loved.

Dryden.

Unbemoaned

UNBEMOANED, adjective Not lamented.

Pollok.

Unbend

UNBEND', verb transitive To free from flexure; to make straight; as, to unbend a bow.

Dryden.

2. To relax; to remit from a strain or from exertion; to set at ease for a time; as, to unbend the mind from study or care.

Denham.

3. To relax effeminately.

You unbend your noble strength.

Shak.

4. In seamanship, to take the sails from their yards and stays; also, to cast loose a cable from the anchors; also, to untie one rope from another.

Mar. Dict.

Unbending

UNBEND'ING, participle of the present tense Relaxing from any strain; remitting; taking from their yards, &c., as sails.

2. adjective Not suffering flexure.

3. Unyielding; resolute; inflexible; applied to persons.

4. Unyielding; inflexible; firm; applied to things; as unbending truth.

J.M. Mason.

5. Devoted to relaxation.

I hope it may entertain your lordship at an unbending hour.

Rowe.

Unbeneficed

UNBEN'EFICED, adjective Not enjoying or having a benefice.

Dryden.

Unbenevolent

UNBENEV'OLENT, adjective Not benevolent; not kind.

Rogers.

Unbenighted

UNBENIGHTED, adjective Never visited by darkness.

Milton.

Unbenign

UNBENIGN, adjective Not benign; not favorable or propitious; malignant.

Milton.

Unbent

UNBENT', participle passive of unbend. Relaxed; remitted; relieved from strain or exertion.

Denham.

2. In seamen's language, taken from the yards; loosed; as, the sails are unbent; the cable is unbent.

3. Not strained; unstrung; as a bow unbent.

4. Not crushed; not subdued; as, the soul is unbent by woes.

Unbequeathed

UNBEQUE'ATHED, adjective Not bequeathed; not given by legacy.

Unbeseeming

UNBESEE'MING, adjective Unbecoming; not befitting; unsuitable.

Unbesought

UNBESOUGHT, a. unbesaut'. Not besought; not sought by petition or entreaty.

Milton.

Unbespoken

UNBESPO'KEN, adjective Not bespoken, or ordered beforehand.

Unbestarred

UNBEST`ARRED, adjective Not adorned or distinguished by stars.

Pollok.

Unbestowed

UNBESTOWED, adjective Not bestowed; not given; not disposed of.

Unbetrayed

UNBETRA'YED, adjective Not betrayed.

Daniel.

Unbewailed

UNBEWA'ILED, adjective Not bewailed; not lamented.

Shak.

Unbewitch

UNBEWITCH', verb transitive To free from fascination.

South.

Unbias

UNBI'AS, verb transitive To free from bias or prejudice.

The truest service a private man can do his country, is to unbias his mind, as much as possible, between the rival powers.

Swift.

Unbiased

UNBI'ASED, participle passive Freed from prejudice or bias.

2. adjective Free from any undue partiality or prejudice; impartial; as an unbiased mind; unbiased opinion or decision.

Unbiasedly

UNBI'ASEDLY, adverb Without prejudice; impartially.

Unbiasedness

UNBI'ASEDNESS, noun Freedom from bias or prejudice.

Bp. Hall.

Unbid

UNBID', or UNBID'DEN, adjective Not bid; not commanded.

Milton.

2. Spontaneous; as, thorns shall the earth produce unbid.

Milton.

3. Uninvited; not requested to attend; as unbidden guests.

Shak.

Unbigoted

UNBIG'OTED, adjective Free from bigotry.

Addison.

Unbind

UNBIND, verb transitive To untie; to remove a band from; to unfasten; to loose; to set free from shackles. Unbind your fillets: unbind the prisoner's arms; unbind the load.

Unbishop

UNBISH'OP, verb transitive To deprive of episcopal orders.

South.

Unbit

UNBIT', adjective Not bitten.

Young.

Unbit

UNBIT', verb transitive In seamanship, to remove the turns of a cable from off the bitts.

Mar. Dict.

2. To unbridle.

Unbitted

UNBIT'TED, participle passive Removed from the bitts; unbridled.

Unbitting

UNBIT'TING, participle of the present tense Unbridling; removing from the bitts.

Unblamable

UNBLA'MABLE, adjective Not blamable; not culpable; innocent.

Bacon.

Unblamableness

UNBLA'MABLENESS, noun State of being chargeable with no blame or fault.

More.

Unblamably

UNBLA'MABLY, adverb In such a manner as to incur no blame. 1 Thessalonians 2.

Unblamed

UNBLA'MED, adjective Not blamed; free from censure.

Pope.

Unblasted

UNBL`ASTED, adjective Not blasted; not made to wither.

Peacham.

Unbleeding

UNBLEE'DING, adjective Not bleeding; not suffering loss of blood.

Byron.

Unblemishable

UNBLEM'ISHABLE, adjective Not capable of being blemished.

Milton.

Unblemished

UNBLEM'ISHED, adjective Not blemished; not stained; free from turpitude or reproach; in a moral sense; as an unblemished reputation or life.

2. Free from deformity.

Unblenched

UNBLENCH'ED, adjective Not disgraced; not injured by any stain or soil; as unblenched majesty.

Milton.

Unblenching

UNBLENCH'ING, adjective Not shrinking or flinching; firm.

Unblended

UNBLEND'ED, adjective Not blended; not mingled.

Glanville.

Unblest

UNBLEST', adjective Not blest; excluded from benediction.

Bacon.

2. Wretched; unhappy.

Prior.

Unblighted

UNBLIGHTED, adjective Not blighted; not blasted.

Cowper.

Unblinded

UNBLINDED, adjective Not blinded.

Unblooded

UNBLOODED, adjective Not stained with blood.

Shak.

Unbloody

UNBLOODY, adjective Not stained with blood.

2. Not shedding blood; not cruel.

Dryden.

Unblossoming

UNBLOS'SOMING, adjective Not producing blossoms.

Mason.

Unblown

UNBLOWN, adjective Not blown; not having the bud expanded.

Shak.

2. Not extinguished.

More.

3. Not inflated with wind.

Sandys.

Unblunted

UNBLUNT'ED, adjective Not made obtuse or dull; not blunted.

Cowley.

Unblushing

UNBLUSH'ING, adjective Not blushing; destitute of shame; impudent.

Thomson.

Unblushingly

UNBLUSH'INGLY, adverb In an impudent manner.

Unboastful

UNBOASTFUL, adjective Not boasting; unassuming; modest.

Thomson.

Unbodied

UNBOD'IED, adjective Having no material body; incorporeal; as unbodied spirits.

Watts.

2. Freed from the body.

Spenser.

Unboiled

UNBOIL'ED, adjective Not boiled; as unboiled rice.

Bacon.

Unbolt

UNBOLT, verb transitive To remove a bolt from; to unfasten; to open; as, to unbolt a gate.

Shak.

Unbolted

UNBOLTED, adjective Freed from fastening by bolts.

2. Unsifted; not bolted; not having the bran or coarse part separated by a bolter; as unbolted meal.

Unbonneted

UNBONNETED, adjective Having no bonnet on.

Shak.

Unbookish

UNBOOK'ISH, adjective Not addicted to books or reading.

2. Not cultivated by erudition.

Shak.

Unborn

UNBORN', or UN'BORN, adjective [It is accented either on the first or second syllable.]

Not born; not brought into life; future.

Some unborn sorrow, ripe in fortune's womb.

Shak.

The woes to come, the children yet unborn

Shall feel this day.

Shak.

Unborrowed

UNBOR'ROWED, adjective Not borrowed; genuine; original; native; one's own; as unborrowed beauties; unborrowed gold; unborrowed excellence.

Unbosom

UNBOSOM, v. t. s as z. To disclose freely one's secret opinions or feelings.

Milton.

2. To reveal in confidence.

Unbosomed

UNBOSOMED, participle passive Disclosed, as secrets; revealed in confidence.

Unbosoming

UNBOSOMING, participle of the present tense Disclosing, as secrets; revealing in confidence.

Unbottomed

UNBOT'TOMED, adjective Having no bottom; bottomless.

The dark, unbottom'd, infinite abyss.

Milton.

2. Having no solid foundation.

Hammond.

Unbought

UNBOUGHT, a. unbaut'. Not bought; obtained without money or purchase.

The unbought dainties of the poor.

Dryden.

2. Not having a purchaser.

Locke.

Unbound

UNBOUND', adjective Not bound; loose; wanting a cover; as unbound books.

2. Not bound by obligation or covenant.

3. pret. of unbind.

Unbounded

UNBOUND'ED, adjective Having no bound or limit; unlimited in extent; infinite; interminable; as unbounded space; unbounded power.

2. Having no check or control; unrestrained. The young man has unbounded license. His extravagance is unbounded.

Unboundedly

UNBOUND'EDLY, adverb Without bounds or limits.

Unboundedness

UNBOUND'EDNESS, noun Freedom from bounds or limits.

Cheyne.

Unbounteous

UNBOUN'TEOUS, adjective Not bounteous; not liberal.

Milton.

Unbow

UNBOW', verb transitive To unbend.

Fuller.

Unbowed

UNBOW'ED, adjective Not bent; not arched.

Shak.

Unbowel

UNBOW'EL, verb transitive To deprive of the entrails; to exenterate; to eviscerate.

Decay of Piety.

Unboweled

UNBOW'ELED, participle passive Eviscerated.

Unboweling

UNBOW'ELING, participle of the present tense Taking out the bowels.

Unbrace

UNBRA'CE, verb transitive To loose; to relax; as, to unbrace a drum; to unbrace the arms; to unbrace the nerves.

Unbraid

UNBRA'ID, verb transitive To separate the strands of a braid; to disentangle.

Unbraided

UNBRA'IDED, participle passive Disentangled, as the strands of a braid.

Unbraiding

UNBRA'IDING, participle of the present tense Separating the strands of a braid.

Unbranched

UNBR`ANCHED, adjective Not ramified; not shooting into branches.

Unbranching

UNBR`ANCHING, adjective Not dividing into branches.

Goldsmith.

Unbreast

UNBREAST, v. t. unbrest'. To disclose or lay open.

P. Fletcher.

Unbreathed

UNBRE'ATHED, adjective Not exercised.

Our unbreath'd memories.

Shak.

Unbreathing

UNBRE'ATHING, adjective Unanimated; as unbreathing stones.

Shak.

Unbred

UNBRED', adjective Not well bred; not polished in manners; ill educated; rude; as unbred minds; unbred servants.

Locke.

2. Not taught; as unbred to spinning.

Dryden.

Unbreeched

UNBREE'CHED, adjective Having no breeches.

Shak.

Unbrewed

UNBREW'ED, adjective Not mixed; pure; genuine.

Young.

Unbribable

UNBRI'BABLE, adjective That cannot be bribed. [Not used.]

Feltham.

Unbribed

UNBRI'BED, adjective Not bribed; not corrupted by money; not unduly influenced by money or gifts.

Dryden.

Unbridle

UNBRI'DLE, verb transitive To free from the bridle.

Unbridled

UNBRI'DLED, participle passive Loosed from the bridle.

2. adjective Unrestrained; licentious; as unbridled lust; unbridled boldness; unbridled passions.

Unbroke

UNBRO'KE, or UNBRO'KEN, adjective Not broken; not violated. Preserve your vows unbroken.

2. Not weakened; not crushed; not subdued.

How broad his shoulders spread, by age unbroke.

Pope.

3. Not tamed; not taught; not accustomed to the saddle, harness or yoke; as an unbroken horse or ox.

Unbrotherly

UNBROTHERLY, adjective Not becoming a brother; not suitable to the character and relation of a brother; unkind. [Unbrotherlike is not used.]

Unbruised

UNBRUISED, a. s as z. Not bruised; not crushed or hurt.

Shak.

Unbuckle

UNBUCK'LE, verb transitive To loose from buckles; to unfasten; as, to unbuckle a shoe; to unbuckle a girdle; to unbuckle a helm.

Shak.

Unbuckled

UNBUCK'LED, participle passive Loosed from buckles; unfastened.

Unbuckling

UNBUCK'LING, participle of the present tense Loosing from buckles; unfastening.

Unbuild

UNBUILD, or UNBILD', verb transitive To demolish what is built; to raze; to destroy.

Milton.

Unbuilt

UNBUILT, or UNBILT', adjective Not yet built; not erected.

Unburied

UNBURIED, a. unber'ried. Not buried; not interred.

Dryden.

Unburned

UNBURN'ED, or UNBURNT', adjective Not burnt; not consumed by fire.

2. Not injured by fire; not scorched.

3. Not baked, as brick.

Unburning

UNBURN'ING, adjective Not consuming away by fire.

Unburthen

UNBUR'THEN, or UNBUR'DEN, verb transitive To rid of a load; to free from a burden; to ease.

Shak.

2. To throw off.

Shak.

3. To relieve the mind or heart by disclosing what lies heavy on it.

Shak.

Unburthened

UNBUR'THENED, or UNBUR'DENED, participle passive Freed from a load; thrown off; eased; relieved.

Unburthening

UNBUR'THENING, or UNBUR'DENING, participle of the present tense Freeing from a load or burden; relieving from what is a burden.

Unbusied

UNBUSIED, a. unbiz'zied. Not busied; not employed; idle.

Bp. Rainbow.

Unbutton

UNBUT'TON, verb transitive To loose from being fastened by buttons; to loose buttons.

Shak.

Unbuttoned

UNBUT'TONED, participle passive Loosed from buttons.

Addison.

Uncage

UNCA'GE, verb transitive To loose from a cage.

Uncaged

UNCA'GED, participle passive Released from a cage or from confinement.

Uncalcined

UNCAL'CINED, adjective Not calcined.

Boyle.

Uncalculated

UNCAL'CULATED, adjective Not subjected to calculation.

J. Barlow.

Uncalculating

UNCAL'CULATING, adjective Not making calculations.

Uncalled

UNCALL'ED, adjective Not called; not summoned; not invited.

Milton.

Uncalled for, not required; not needed or demanded.

Uncalm

UNC`ALM, verb transitive To disturb. [Not in use, and an ill word.]

Dryden.

Uncanceled

UNCAN'CELED, adjective Not canceled; not erased; not abrogated or annulled.

Dryden.

Uncandid

UNCAN'DID, adjective Not candid; not frank or sincere; not fair or impartial.

Uncanonical

UNCANON'ICAL, adjective Not agreeable to the canons; not acknowledged as authentic.

Barrow.

Uncanonicalness

UNCANON'ICALNESS, noun The state of being uncanonical.

Lloyd.

Uncanopied

UNCAN'OPIED, adjective Not covered by a canopy.

Uncap

UNCAP', verb transitive To remove a cap or cover; to open; as, to uncap a vein.

Uncapable

UNCA'PABLE, adjective Incapable. [The latter word has superseded uncapable.]

Uncapped

UNCAP'PED, participle passive Opened.

Uncaptivated

UNCAP'TIVATED, adjective Not captivated.

Rambler.

Uncared for, not regarded; not heeded.

Hooker.

Uncarnate

UNC`ARNATE, adjective Not fleshly.

Brown.

Uncarpeted

UNC`ARPETED, adjective Not covered with a carpet.

Uncase

UNCA'SE, verb transitive To disengage from a covering; to take off or out.

2. To flay; to strip.

L'Estrange.

Uncased

UNCA'SED, participle passive Stripped of a covering or case.

Uncasing

UNCA'SING, participle of the present tense Disengaging from a cover.

Uncastrated

UNCAS'TRATED, adjective Not castrated.

Uncatechised

UNCAT'ECHISED, a. s as z. Not catechis untaught.

Milton.

Uncaught

UNCAUGHT, a. uncaut'. Not yet caught or taken.

Shak.

Uncaused

UNCAUS'ED, a. s as z. Having no precedent cause; existing without an author.

Uncautious

UNCAU'TIOUS, adjective Not cautious; not wary; heedless. [Incautious is now generally used.]

Dryden.

Unceasing

UNCE'ASING, adjective Not ceasing; not intermitting; continual.

Unceasingly

UNCE'ASINGLY, adverb Without intermission or cessation; continually.

Uncelebrated

UNCEL'EBRATED, adjective Not celebrated; not solemnized.

Milton.

Uncelestial

UNCELES'TIAL, adjective Not heavenly.

Feltham.

Uncensurable

UNCEN'SURABLE, adjective Not worthy of censure.

Dwight.

Uncensured

UNCEN'SURED, adjective Not censured; exempt from blame or reproach.

Whose right it is uncensur'd to be dull.

Pope.

Uncentrical

UNCEN'TRICAL, adjective Not central; distant from the center.

Unceremonial

UNCEREMO'NIAL, adjective Not ceremonial.

Unceremonious

UNCEREMO'NIOUS, adjective Not ceremonious; not formal.

Uncertain

UNCER'TAIN, adjective Not certain; doubtful; not certainly known. It is uncertain who will be the next president.

2. Doubtful; not having certain knowledge.

Man without the protection of a superior BeingÃ‚--is uncertain of every thing that he hopes for.

Tillotson.

3. Not sure in the consequence.

Or whistling slings dismiss'd the uncertain stone.

Gay.

4. Not sure; not exact.

Soon bent his bow, uncertain in his aim.

Dryden.

5. Unsettled; irregular.

Hooker.

Uncertainly

UNCER'TAINLY, adverb Not surely; not certainly.

Dryden.

2. Not confidently.

Ã‚--Standards that cannot be known at all, or but imperfectly and uncertainly.

Locke.

Uncertainty

UNCER'TAINTY, noun Doubtfulness; dubiousness. The truth is not ascertained; the latest accounts have not removed the uncertainty.

2. Want of certainty; want of precision; as the uncertainty of the signification of words.

3. Contingency.

Steadfastly grasping the greatest and most slippery uncertainties.

South.

4. Something unknown.

Our shepherd's case is every man's case that quits a certainty for an uncertainty.

L'Estrange.

Uncessant

UNCES'SANT, adjective Continual; incessant. [The latter is the word now used.]

Uncessantly

UNCES'SANTLY, adverb Incessantly.

Obs.

Unchain

UNCHA'IN, verb transitive To free from chains or slavery.

Prior.

Unchained

UNCHA'INED, participle passive Disengaged from chains, shackles or slavery.

Unchaining

UNCHA'INING, participle of the present tense Freeing from chains, bonds or restraint.

Unchangeable

UNCHANGEABLE, adjective Not capable of change; immutable; not subject to variation. God is an unchangeable being.

Unchangeableness

UNCHANGEABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being subject to no change; immutability.

Newton.

Unchangeably

UNCHANGEABLY, adverb Without change; immutably.

Unchanged

UNCHANGED, adjective Not changed or altered.

Dryden.

2. Not alterable.

Unchanging

UNCHANGING, adjective Not changing; suffering no alteration.

Uncharacteristic

UNCHARACTERIS'TIC, adjective Not characteristic; not exhibiting a character.

Gregory.

Uncharge

UNCH`ARGE, verb transitive To retract an accusation. [Not used.]

Uncharged

UNCH`ARGED, adjective Not charged; not loaded.

Shak.

Uncharitable

UNCHAR'ITABLE, adjective Not charitable; contrary to charity, or the universal love prescribed by christianity; as uncharitable opinions or zeal.

Uncharitableness

UNCHAR'ITABLENESS, noun Want of charity. If we hate our enemies we sin; we are guilty of uncharitableness.

Uncharitably

UNCHAR'ITABLY, adverb In a manner contrary to charity.

Uncharm

UNCH`ARM, verb transitive To release from some charm, fascination, or secret power.

Beaum.

Uncharmed

UNCH`ARMED, adjective Not charmed; not fascinated.

Uncharming

UNCH`ARMING, adjective Not charming; no longer able to charm.

Dryden.

Unchary

UNCHA'RY, adjective Not wary; not frugal. [Not used.]

Shak.

Unchaste

UNCHASTE, adjective Not chaste; not continent; not pure; libidinous; lewd.

Sidney. Milton.

Unchastely

UNCHASTELY, adverb Incontinently; lewdly.

Milton.

Unchastisable

UNCHASTI'SABLE, adjective [See Chastise.] That cannot be chastised.

Milton.

Unchastised

UNCHASTI'SED, adjective Not chastised; not punished.

2. Not corrected; not restrained.

Unchastity

UNCHAS'TITY, noun Incontinence; lewdness; unlawful indulgence of the sexual appetite.

Woodward.

Unchecked

UNCHECK'ED, adjective Not checked; not restrained; not hindered.

Milton.

2. Not contradicted.

Shak.

Uncheerful

UNCHEE'RFUL, adjective Not cheerful; sad.

Shak.

Uncheerfulness

UNCHEE'RFULNESS, noun Want of cheerfulness; sadness.

Spectator.

Uncheery

UNCHEE'RY, adjective Dull; not enlivening.

Sterne.

Unchewed

UNCHEW'ED, adjective Not chewed or masticated.

Dryden.

Unchild

UNCHILD, verb transitive To bereave of children. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unchristian

UNCHRIS'TIAN, adjective Contrary to the laws of christianity; as an unchristian reflection; unchristian temper or conduct.

2. Not evangelized; not converted to the christian faith; infidel.

Unchristian

UNCHRIS'TIAN, verb transitive To deprive of the constituent qualities of christianity.

South.

Unchristianize

UNCHRIS'TIANIZE, verb transitive To turn from the christian faith; to cause to degenerate from the belief and profession of christianity.

Buchanan.

Unchristianly

UNCHRIS'TIANLY, adjective Contrary to the laws of christianity; unbecoming christians.

Milton.

Unchristianly

UNCHRIS'TIANLY, adverb In a manner contrary to christian principles.

Bedell.

Unchristianness

UNCHRIS'TIANNESS, noun Contrariety to christianity.

K. Charles.

Unchurch

UNCHURCH', verb transitive To expel from a church; to deprive of the character and rights of a church.

Milner.

Unchurched

UNCHURCH'ED, participle passive Expelled from a church.

Unchurching

UNCHURCH'ING, participle of the present tense Expelling from a church.

Uncial

UN'CIAL, adjective [Latin uncialis.] Pertaining to letters of a large size, used in ancient manuscripts.

Uncial

UN'CIAL, noun An uncial letter.

Uncinate

UN'CINATE, adjective [Latin uncinatus, from uncus, a hook.] In botany, hooked at the end.

Martyn.

Uncircumcised

UNCIR'CUMCISED, a. s as z. Not circumcised.

Scripture.

Uncircumcision

UNCIRCUMCI'SION, noun Absence or want of circumcision.

Hammond.

Uncircumscribed

UNCIRCUMSCRI'BED, adjective Not circumscribed; not bounded; not limited.

Where the prince is uncircumscribed, obedience ought to be unlimited.

Addison.

Uncircumspect

UNCIR'CUMSPECT, adjective Not circumspect; not cautious.

Hayward.

Uncircumstantial

UNCIRCUMSTAN'TIAL, adjective Not important. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Uncivil

UNCIV'IL, adjective Not civil; not complaisant; not courteous in manners; applied to persons.

2. Not polite; rude; applied to manners; as uncivil behavior.

Uncivilization

UNCIVILIZA'TION, noun A state of savageness; rude state.

Dict.

Uncivilized

UNCIV'ILIZED, adjective Not reclaimed from savage life; as the uncivilized inhabitants of Canada or New Zealand.

2. Coarse; indecent; as the most uncivilized words in our language. [Not in use.]

Addison.

Uncivilly

UNCIV'ILLY, adverb Not complaisantly; not courteously; rudely.

Brown.

Unclad

UNCLAD', adjective Not clad; not clothed.

Unclaimed

UNCLA'IMED, adjective Not claimed; not demanded; not called for; as unclaimed dividends of a bank.

Unclarified

UNCLAR'IFIED, adjective Not purified; not fined; not depurated by a separation of feculent or foreign matter.

Unclasp

UNCL`ASP, verb transitive To loose a clasp; to open what is fastened with a clasp; as, to unclasp a book.

Shak.

Unclasping

UNCL`ASPING, participle of the present tense Loosing a clasp.

Unclassic

UNCLASS'IC, or UNCLASS'ICAL, adjective Not classic; not according to the best models of writing.

2. Not pertaining to the classic writers; as unclassic ground.

Uncle

UN'CLE, noun [French oncle; contracted from Latin avunculus.] The brother of one's father or mother.

Unclean

UNCLE'AN, adjective Not clean; foul; dirty; filthy.

2. In the Jewish law, ceremonially impure; not cleansed by ritual practices. Numbers 19. Leviticus 11. Romans 14.

3. Foul with sin. Matthew 10.

That holy place where no unclean thing shall enter.

Rogers.

4. Not in covenant with God. 1 Corinthians 7.

5. Lewd; unchaste.

Adultery of the heart, consisting of inordinate and unclean affections.

Perkins.

No unclean personÃ‚--hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God. Ephesians 5.

Uncleanable

UNCLE'ANABLE, adjective That cannot be cleansed.

Swift.

Uncleanliness

UNCLEANLINESS, n. unclen'liness. Want of cleanliness; filthiness.

Clarendon.

Uncleanly

UNCLEANLY, a. unclen'ly. Foul; filthy; dirty.

Shak.

2. Indecent; unchaste; obscene.

It is a pity that these harmonious writers have indulged any thing uncleanly or impure to defile their paper.

Watts.

Uncleanness

UNCLE'ANNESS, noun Foulness; dirtiness; filthiness.

Be not troublesome to thyself or to others by uncleanness.

Taylor.

2. Want of ritual or ceremonial purity. Leviticus 15.

3. Moral impurity; defilement by sin; sinfulness.

I will save you from all your uncleanness. Ezekiel 36.

4. Lewdness; incontinence. Colossians 3:2 Peter 2.

Uncleansed

UNCLEANSED, a. unclenz'ed. Not cleansed; not purified.

Bacon.

Unclench

UNCLENCH', verb transitive To open the closed hand; as, to unclench the fist.

Garth.

Unclenched

UNCLENCH'ED, participle passive Opened; unclosed.

Unclew

UNCLEW', verb transitive To undo; to unwind, unfold or untie.

Unclipped

UNCLIP'PED, adjective Not clipped; not cut; not diminished or shortened by clipping; as unclipped money; unclipped hair.

Unclog

UNCLOG', verb transitive To disencumber of difficulties and obstructions; to free from incumbrances, or any thing that retards motion.

Unclogged

UNCLOG'GED, participle passive or adjective Disencumbered; set free from obstructions.

Unclogging

UNCLOG'GING, participle of the present tense Disencumbering.

Uncloister

UNCLOIS'TER, verb transitive To release from a cloister or from confinement; to set at liberty.

Norris.

Uncloistered

UNCLOIS'TERED, participle passive Released from a cloister or from confinement.

Uncloistering

UNCLOIS'TERING, participle of the present tense Releasing from confinement.

Unclose

UNCLO'SE, v. t. s as z. To open; to break the seal of; as, to unclose a letter.

Pope.

2. To disclose; to lay open.

Unclosed

UNCLO'SED, participle passive Opened.

2. adjective Not separated by inclosures; open.

Clarendon.

3. Not finished; not concluded.

Madison.

4. Not closed; not sealed.

Unclosing

UNCLO'SING, participle of the present tense Opening; breaking the seal of.

Unclothe

UNCLO'THE, verb transitive To strip of clothes; to make naked; to divest.

To have a distinct knowledge of things, we must unclothe them.

Watts.

Unclothed

UNCLO'THED, participle passive Stripped of clothing or covering.

Not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon. 2 Corinthians 5.

Unclothedly

UNCLO'THEDLY, adverb Without clothing

Bacon.

Unclothing

UNCLO'THING, participle of the present tense Stripping of clothing.

Uncloud

UNCLOUD', verb transitive To unvail; to clear from obscurity or clouds.

Unclouded

UNCLOUD'ED, adjective Not cloudy; free from clouds; clear; as an unclouded sky.

2. Not darkened; not obscured.

Uncloudedness

UNCLOUD'EDNESS, noun Freedom from clouds; clearness.

2. Freedom from obscurity or gloom.

Boyle.

Unclouding

UNCLOUD'ING, participle of the present tense Clearing from clouds or obscurity.

Uncloudy

UNCLOUD'Y, adjective Not cloudy; clear; free from clouds, obscurity or gloom.

Gay.

Unclutch

UNCLUTCH', verb transitive To open something closely shut.

Unclutch his griping hand.

Decay of Piety.

Uncoagulable

UNCOAG'ULABLE, adjective That cannot be coagulated.

Good.

Uncoagulated

UNCOAG'ULATED, adjective Not coagulated or concreted.

Uncoated

UNCOATED, adjective Not coated; not covered with a coat.

Uncocked

UNCOCK'ED, adjective Not cocked, as a gun.

2. Not made into cocks, as hay.

3. Not set up, as the brim of a hat.

Uncoif

UNCOIF', verb transitive To pull the cap off.

Arbuthnot.

Uncoifed

UNCOIF'ED, adjective Not wearing a coif.

Young.

Uncoil

UNCOIL', verb transitive To unwind or open, as the turns of a rope or other line.

Uncoiled

UNCOIL'ED, participle passive Opened; unwound.

Uncoined

UNCOIN'ED, adjective Not coined; as uncoined silver.

Uncollected

UNCOLLECT'ED, adjective Not collected; not received; as uncollected taxes; debts uncollected.

2. Not collected; not recovered from confusion, distraction or wandering; as the mind yet uncollected.

Uncollectible

UNCOLLECT'IBLE, adjective Not collectible; that cannot be collected or levied, or paid by the debtor; as uncollectible taxes; uncollectible debts.

Wolcott.

Uncolored

UNCOLORED, adjective Not colored; not stained or dyed.

Bacon.

2. Not hightened in description.

Uncombed

UNCOMBED, adjective Not combed; not dressed with a comb.

Dryden.

Uncombinable

UNCOMBI'NABLE, adjective Not capable of being combined.

Davy.

Uncombined

UNCOMBI'NED, adjective Not combined; separate; simple.

Uncomeliness

UNCOMELINESS, noun Want of comeliness; want of beauty or grace; as uncomeliness of person, of dress or behavior.

Locke. Wotton.

Uncomely

UNCOMELY, adjective Not comely; wanting grace; as an uncomely person; uncomely dress; uncomely manners.

2. Unseemly; unbecoming; unsuitable.

Uncomfortable

UNCOMFORTABLE, adjective Affording no comfort; gloomy.

ChristmasÃ‚--the most uncomfortable time of the year.

Addison.

2. Giving uneasiness; as an uncomfortable seat or condition.

Uncomfortableness

UNCOMFORTABLENESS, noun Want of comfort or cheerfulness.

Taylor.

2. Uneasiness.

Uncomfortably

UNCOMFORTABLY, adverb In an uncomfortable manner; without comfort or cheerfulness; in an uneasy state.

Uncommanded

UNCOMM`ANDED, adjective Not commanded; not required by precept, order or law; as uncommanded austerities.

South.

Uncommendable

UNCOMMEND'ABLE, adjective Not commendable; not worthy of commendation; illaudable.

Feltham.

Uncommended

UNCOMMEND'ED, adjective Not praised; not commended.

South.

Uncommercial

UNCOMMER'CIAL, adjective Not commercial; not carrying on commerce.

Uncommiserated

UNCOMMIS'ERATED, adjective Not commiserated; not pitied.

Uncommissioned

UNCOMMIS'SIONED, adjective Not commissioned; not having a commission.

Tooke.

Uncommitted

UNCOMMIT'TED, adjective Not committed.

Hammond.

Uncommon

UNCOM'MON, adjective Not common; not usual; rare; as an uncommon season; an uncommon degree of cold or heat; uncommon courage.

2. Not frequent; not often seen or known; as an uncommon production.

Uncommonly

UNCOM'MONLY, adverb Rarely; not usually.

2. To an uncommon degree.

Uncommonness

UNCOM'MONNESS, noun Rareness of occurrence; infrequency. The uncommonness of a thing often renders it valuable.

Uncommunicated

UNCOMMU'NICATED, adjective Not communicated; not disclosed or delivered to others.

2. Not imparted to or from another; as the uncommunicated perfections of God.

Uncommunicative

UNCOMMU'NICATIVE, adjective Not communicative; not free to communicate to others; reserved.

Uncompact

UNCOMPACT', adjective Not compact; not firm; not of close texture; loose.

Addison.

Uncompacted

UNCOMPACT'ED, adjective Not compact; not firm.

Johnson.

Uncompanied

UNCOMPANIED, adjective Having no companion. [Unaccompanied is mostly used.]

Fairfax.

Uncompassionate

UNCOMPAS'SIONATE, adjective Not compassionate; having no pity.

Shak.

Uncompassioned

UNCOMPAS'SIONED, adjective Not pitied.

Uncompellable

UNCOMPEL'LABLE, adjective Not compellable; that cannot be forced or compelled.

Feltham.

Uncompelled

UNCOMPEL'LED, adjective Not forced; free from compulsion.

Pope.

Uncompensated

UNCOM'PENSATED, adjective Not compensated; unrewarded.

Uncomplaining

UNCOMPLA'INING, adjective Not complaining; not murmuring; not disposed to murmur.

Uncomplaisant

UNCOM'PLAISANT, a. s as z. Not complaisant; not civil; not courteous.

Locke.

Uncomplaisantly

UNCOM'PLAISANTLY, adverb Uncivilly; discourteously.

Uncomplete

UNCOMPLE'TE, adjective Not complete; not finished; not perfect. [But incomplete is chiefly used.]

Uncompleted

UNCOMPLE'TED, adjective Not finished; not completed.

Uncomplying

UNCOMPLY'ING, adjective Not complying; not yielding to request or command; unbending.

Uncompounded

UNCOMPOUND'ED, adjective Not compounded; not mixed.

Hardness may be reckoned the property of all uncompounded matter.

Newton.

2. Simple; not intricate.

Hammond.

Uncompoundedness

UNCOMPOUND'EDNESS, noun Freedom from mixture; simplicity of substance.

Hammond.

Uncomprehensive

UNCOMPREHENS'IVE, adjective Not comprehensive.

2. Unable to comprehend.

South.

Uncompressed

UNCOMPRESS'ED, adjective Not compressed; free from compression.

Boyle.

Uncompromising

UNCOM'PROMISING, a. s as z. Not compromising; not agreeing to terms; not complying.

Review.

Unconceivable

UNCONCE'IVABLE, adjective Not to be conceived or understood; that cannot be comprehended.

Locke.

[But inconceivable is chiefly used.]

Unconceivableness

UNCONCE'IVABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being inconceivable. [Little used.]

Locke.

Unconceived

UNCONCE'IVED, adjective Not thought; not imagined.

Creech.

Unconcern

UNCONCERN', noun Want of concern; absence of anxiety; freedom from solicitude.

Swift.

Unconcerned

UNCONCERN'ED, adjective Not concerned; not anxious; feeling no solicitude. He is unconcerned at what has happened. He is unconcerned about or for the future.

Happy mortals, unconcerned for more.

Dryden.

[It has at sometimes before a past event, but about or for is more generally used before a past or future event.]

2. Having no interest in. He is unconcerned in the events of the day.

Unconcernedly

UNCONCERN'EDLY, adverb Without interest or affection; without anxiety.

And unconcern'dly cast his eyes around.

Dryden.

Unconcernedness

UNCONCERN'EDNESS, noun Freedom from concern or anxiety.

South.

Unconcerning

UNCONCERN'ING, adjective Not interesting; not affecting; not belonging to one. [Not used.]

Addison.

Unconcernment

UNCONCERN'MENT, noun The state of having no share. [Not used.]

South.

Unconciliated

UNCONCIL'IATED, adjective Not reconciled.

Unconciliating

UNCONCIL'IATING, adjective Not conciliating; not adapted or disposed to gain favor, or to reconciliation.

Unconcludible

UNCONCLU'DIBLE, adjective Not determinable. [Not used.]

More.

Unconcluding

UNCONCLU'DING, or UNCONCLU'DENT, adjective Not decisive; not inferring a plain or certain conclusion or consequence. [Little used.]

Hale. Locke.

[In the place of these, inconclusive is generally used.]

Unconcludingness

UNCONCLU'DINGNESS, noun Quality of being inconclusive. [Not used.]

Boyle.

Unconclusive

UNCONCLU'SIVE, adjective Not decisive. [But inconclusive is now used.]

Hammond.

Unconcocted

UNCONCOCT'ED, adjective Not concocted; not digested.

Brown.

Uncondemned

UNCONDEM'NED, adjective Not condemned; not judged guilty.

Ã‚--A man that is a Roman, and uncondemned. Acts 22.

2. Not disapproved; not pronounced criminal; as a practice yet uncondemned.

Locke.

Uncondensable

UNCONDENS'ABLE, adjective That cannot be condensed.

Uncondensed

UNCONDENS'ED, adjective Not condensed.

Unconditional

UNCONDI'TIONAL, adjective Absolute; unreserved; not limited by any conditions. We are required to make an unconditional surrender of ourselves to our Maker. The king demanded unconditional submission.

O pass not, Lord, an absolute decree,

Or bind thy sentence unconditional.

Dryden.

Unconditionally

UNCONDI'TIONALLY, adverb Without conditions; without terms of limitation; without reservation. The troops did not surrender unconditionally, but by capitulation.

Unconfessed

UNCONFESS'ED, adjective Not confessed; not acknowledged.

Unconfinable

UNCONFI'NABLE, adjective Unbounded. [Not used.]

Shak.

2. That cannot be confined or restrained.

Thomson.

Unconfined

UNCONFI'NED, adjective Not confined; free from restraint; free from control.

Pope.

2. Having no limits; illimitable; unbounded.

Spectator.

Unconfinedly

UNCONFI'NEDLY, adverb Without confinement or limitation.

Barrow.

Unconfirmed

UNCONFIRM'ED, adjective Not fortified by resolution; weak; raw; as troops unconfirmed by experience.

2. Not confirmed; not strengthened by additional testimony.

His witness unconfirm'd.

Milton.

3. Not confirmed according to the church ritual.

Unconform

UNCONFORM', adjective Unlike; dissimilar; not analogous. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Unconformable

UNCONFORM'ABLE, adjective Not consistent; not agreeable; not conforming.

Moral evil is an action unconformable to the rule of our duty.

Watts.

Unconformity

UNCONFORM'ITY, noun Incongruity; inconsistency; want of conformity.

South.

Unconfused

UNCONFU'SED, a. s as z. Free from confusion or disorder.

Locke.

2. Not embarrassed.

Unconfusedly

UNCONFU'SEDLY, adv. s as z. Without confusion or disorder.

Locke.

Unconfutable

UNCONFU'TABLE, adjective Not confutable; not to be refuted or overthrown; that cannot be disproved or convicted of error; as an unconfutable argument.

Sprat.

Uncongealable

UNCONGE'ALABLE, adjective Not capable of being congealed.

Uncongealed

UNCONGE'ALED, adjective Not frozen; not congealed; not concreted.

Brown.

Uncongenial

UNCONGE'NIAL, adjective Not congenial.

Unconjugal

UNCON'JUGAL, adjective Not suitable to matrimonial faith; not befitting a wife or husband.

Milton.

Unconjunctive

UNCONJUNC'TIVE, adjective That cannot be joined. [Little used.]

Milton.

Unconnected

UNCONNECT'ED, adjective Not connected; not united; separate.

2. Not coherent; not joined by proper transitions or dependence of parts; loose; vague; desultory; as an unconnected discourse.

Unconniving

UNCONNI'VING, adjective Not conniving; not overlooking or winking at.

Milton.

Unconquerable

UNCON'QUERABLE, adjective Not conquerable; invincible; that cannot be vanquished or defeated; that cannot be overcome in contest; as an unconquerable foe.

2. That cannot be subdued and brought under control; as unconquerable passions or temper.

Unconquerably

UNCON'QUERABLY, adverb Invincibly; insuperably; as foes unconquerably strong.

Pope.

Unconquered

UNCON'QUERED, adjective Not vanquished or defeated.

2. Unsubdued; not brought under control.

3. Invincible; insuperable.

Sidney.

Unconsciencious

UNCONSCIEN'CIOUS, adjective Not consciencious; not regulated or limited by conscience.

Kent.

Unconscionable

UNCON'SCIONABLE, adjective Unreasonable; exceeding the limits of any reasonable claim or expectation; as an unconscionable request or demand.

L'Estrange.

2. Forming unreasonable expectations. You cannot be so unconscionable as to expect this sacrifice on my part.

3. Enormous; vast; as unconscionable size or strides. [Not elegant.]

4. Not guided or influenced by conscience.

South.

Unconscionableness

UNCON'SCIONABLENESS, noun Unreasonableness of hope or claim.

Unconscionably

UNCON'SCIONABLY, adverb Unreasonably; in a manner or degree that conscience and reason do not justify.

Hudibras.

Unconscious

UNCON'SCIOUS, adjective Not conscious; having no mental perception; as unconscious causes.

Blackmore.

2. Not conscious; not knowing; not perceiving; as unconscious of guilt or error.

Unconsciously

UNCON'SCIOUSLY, adverb Without perception; without knowledge.

Unconsciousness

UNCON'SCIOUSNESS, noun Want of perception; want of knowledge.

Unconsecrate

UNCON'SECRATE, verb transitive To render not sacred; to desecrate. [Not used.]

South.

Unconsecrated

UNCON'SECRATED, adjective Not consecrated; not set apart for a sacred use by religious ceremonies; not dedicated or devoted; as a temple unconsecrated; unconsecrated bread.

Unconsented to, not consented to; not yielded; not agreed to.

Wake.

Unconsenting

UNCONSENT'ING, adjective Not consenting; not yielding consent.

Unconsidered

UNCONSID'ERED, adjective Not considered; not attended to.

Shak.

Unconsoled

UNCONSO'LED, adjective Not consoled; not comforted.

Unconsolidated

UNCONSOL'IDATED, adjective Not consolidated or made solid.

Unconsoling

UNCONSO'LING, adjective Not consoling; affording no comfort.

Buckminster.

Unconsonant

UNCON'SONANT, adjective Not consonant; not consistent; incongruous; unfit. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Unconspiringness

UNCONSPI'RINGNESS, noun Absence of plot or conspiracy. [An ill formed word and not used.]

Boyle.

Unconstant

UNCON'STANT, adjective Not constant; not steady or faithful; fickle; changeable. [Inconstant is now used.]

Shak.

Unconstitutional

UNCONSTITU'TIONAL, adjective Not agreeable to the constitution; not authorized by the constitution; contrary to the principles of the constitution. It is not unconstitutional for the king of Great Britain to declare war without the consent of parliament; but for the president of the United States to declare war, without an act of congress authorizing it, would be unconstitutional.

Unconstitutionality

UNCONSTITUTIONAL'ITY, noun The quality of being unauthorized by the constitution, or contrary to its provisions or principles. The supreme court has power to decide upon the unconstitutionality of a law.

Unconstitutionally

UNCONSTITU'TIONALLY, adverb In a manner not warranted by or contrary to the constitution.

Unconstrained

UNCONSTRA'INED, adjective Free from constraint; acting voluntarily; voluntary.

Dryden.

2. Not proceeding from constraint; as actions.

Unconstrainedly

UNCONSTRA'INEDLY, adverb Without force or constraint; freely; spontaneously; voluntarily.

South.

Unconstraint

UNCONSTRA'INT, noun Freedom from constraint; ease.

Felion.

Unconsulting

UNCONSULT'ING, adjective Taking no advice; rash; imprudent.

Sidney.

Unconsumed

UNCONSU'MED, adjective Not consumed; not wasted, expended or dissipated; not destroyed.

Milton.

Unconsummate

UNCONSUM'MATE, adjective Not consummated.

Dryden.

Uncontemned

UNCONTEM'NED, adjective Not despised; not contemned.

Shak.

Uncontended for, not contended for; not urged for.

Uncontending

UNCONTEND'ING, adjective Not contending; not contesting; not disputing.

Uncontented

UNCONTENT'ED, adjective Not contended; not satisfied.

Dryden.

Uncontentingness

UNCONTENT'INGNESS, noun Want of power to satisfy. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Uncontestable

UNCONTEST'ABLE, adjective Indisputable; not to be controverted. [Incontestible is the word now used.]

Uncontested

UNCONTEST'ED, adjective Not contested; not disputed.

2. Evident; plain.

Blackmore.

Uncontradicted

UNCONTRADICT'ED, adjective Not contradicted; not denied.

Pearson.

Uncontrite

UNCON'TRITE, adjective Not contrite; not penitent.

Hammond.

Uncontrived

UNCONTRI'VED, adjective Not contrived; not formed by design.

Dwight.

Uncontriving

UNCONTRI'VING, adjective Not contriving; improvident.

Goldsmith.

Uncontrollable

UNCONTROLLABLE, adjective That cannot be controlled; ungovernable; that cannot be restrained; as an uncontrollable temper; uncontrollable subjects.

2. That cannot be resisted or diverted; as uncontrollable events.

3. Indisputable; irrefragable; as an uncontrollable maxim; the king's uncontrollable to the English throne.

Uncontrollably

UNCONTROLLABLY, adverb Without power of opposition.

2. In a manner or degree that admits of no restraint or resistance; as a stream uncontrollably violent.

Uncontrolled

UNCONTROLLED, adjective Not governed; not subjected to a superior power or authority; not restrained.

2. Not resisted; unopposed.

Dryden.

3. Not convinced; not refuted. [Unusual.]

Hayward.

Uncontrolledly

UNCONTROLLEDLY, adverb Without control or restraint; without effectual opposition.

Decay of Piety.

Uncontroverted

UNCON'TROVERTED, adjective Not disputed; not contested; not liable to be called in question.

Glanville.

Unconversable

UNCONVERS'ABLE, adjective Not free in conversation; not social; reserved.

2. Not suited to conversation.

Rogers.

Unconversant

UNCON'VERSANT, adjective Not conversant; not familiarly acquainted with.

Mitford.

Unconverted

UNCONVERT'ED, adjective Not converted; not changed in opinion; not turned from one faith to another.

2. Not persuaded of the truth of the christian religion; as unconverted pagans.

Addison. Hooker.

3. Not renewed; not regenerated; not having the natural enmity of the heart subdued, and a principle of grace implanted.

Baxter.

4. Not turned or changed from one form to another.

Unconvertible

UNCONVERT'IBLE, adjective That cannot be converted or changed in form. Lead is unconvertible into silver.

Unconvinced

UNCONVIN'CED, adjective Not convinced; not persuaded.

Locke.

Uncord

UNCORD', verb transitive To loose from cords; to unfasten or unbind; as, to uncord a bed; to uncord a package.

Uncork

UNCORK', verb transitive To draw the cork from; as, to uncork a bottle.

Uncorked

UNCORK'ED, participle passive Not having the cork drawn.

Uncorking

UNCORK'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing the cork from.

Uncoroneted

UNCOR'ONETED, adjective Not honored with a coronet or title.

Pollok.

Uncorpulent

UNCORP'ULENT, adjective Not corpulent; not fleshy.

Pollok.

Uncorrected

UNCORRECT'ED, adjective Not corrected; not revised; not rendered exact; as an uncorrected copy of a writing.

2. Not reformed; not amended; as life or manners uncorrected.

Uncorrigible

UNCOR'RIGIBLE, adjective That cannot be corrected; depraved beyond correction. [For this, incorrigible is now used.]

Uncorrupt

UNCORRUPT', adjective Not corrupt; not depraved; not perverted; not tainted with wickedness; not influenced by iniquitous interest; as an uncorrupt judgment; uncorrupt manners.

Hooker.

Uncorrupted

UNCORRUPT'ED, adjective Not corrupted; not vitiated; not depraved; as the dictates of uncorrupted reason; uncorrupted records.

Dryden. Locke.

Uncorruptedness

UNCORRUPT'EDNESS, noun State of being uncorrupted.

Milton.

Uncorruptible

UNCORRUPT'IBLE, adjective That cannot be corrupted. [But incorruptible is the word now used.]

Uncorruptly

UNCORRUPT'LY, adverb With integrity; honestly.

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Uncorruptness

UNCORRUPT'NESS, noun Integrity; uprightness. Titus ~~.

Uncounselable

UNCOUN'SELABLE, adjective Not to be advised; not consistent with good advice or prudence.

Clarendon.

Uncountable

UNCOUNT'ABLE, adjective That cannot be counted; innumerable.

Raleigh.

Uncounted

UNCOUNT'ED, adjective Not counted; not numbered.

Shak.

Uncounterfeit

UNCOUN'TERFEIT, adjective Not counterfeit; not spurious; genuine; as uncounterfeit zeal.

Sprat.

Uncountermanded

UNCOUNTERM`ANDED, adjective Not countermanded.

Uncouple

UNCOUPLE, v. t. uncup'pl. To loose dogs from their couples; to set loose; to disjoin.

Shak. Dryden.

Uncoupled

UNCOUPLED, pp. uncup'pled. Disjoined; set free.

Uncoupling

UNCOUPLING, ppr. uncup'pling. Disuniting; setting free.

Uncourteous

UNCOURTEOUS, a. uncurt'eous. Uncivil; unpolite; not kind and complaisant.

Sidney.

Uncourteously

UNCOURT'EOUSLY, adverb Uncivilly; unpolitely.

Uncourteousness

UNCOURT'EOUSNESS, noun Incivility; disobliging treatment.

Uncourtliness

UNCOURTLINESS, noun Unsuitableness of manners to a court; inelegance; as uncourtliness of manners or phrases.

Addison.

Uncourtly

UNCOURTLY, adjective Inelegant of manners; not becoming a court; not refined; unpolite; as uncourtly behavior or language.

Swift.

2. Not courteous or civil; as an uncourtly speech.

3. Not versed in the manners of a court.

Uncouth

UNCOUTH, adjective [Saxon uncuth, unknown.] Odd; strange; unusual; not rendered pleasing by familiarity; as an uncouth phrase or expression; uncouth manners; uncouth dress.

Uncouthly

UNCOUTHLY, adverb Oddly; strangely.

Dryden.

Uncouthness

UNCOUTHNESS, noun Oddness; strangeness; want of agreeableness derived from familiarity; as the uncouthness of a word or of dress.

Uncovenanted

UNCOVENANTED, adjective Not promised by covenant; not resting on a covenant or promise.

S. Miller.

Uncover

UNCOVER, verb transitive To divest of a cover: to remove any covering from; a word of general use.

2. To deprive of clothes; to strip; to make naked.

Shak.

3. To unroof, as a building.

4. To take off the hat or cap; to bare the head.

5. To strip of a vail, or of any thing that conceals; to lay open; to disclose to view.

Uncovered

UNCOVERED, participle passive Divested of a covering or clothing; laid open to view; made bare.

Uncovering

UNCOVERING, participle of the present tense Divesting of a cover or of clothes; stripping of a vail; laying open to view.

Uncreate

UNCREA'TE, verb transitive To annihilate; to deprive of existence.

Who can uncreate thee, thou shalt know.

Milton.

Uncreated

UNCREA'TED, participle passive Reduced to nothing; deprived of existence.

2. adjective Not yet created; as misery uncreated.

Milton.

3. Not produced by creation. God is an uncreated being.

Locke.

Uncredible

UNCRED'IBLE, adjective Not to be believed; not entitled to credit. [For this, incredible is used.]

Uncreditable

UNCRED'ITABLE, adjective Not in good credit or reputation; not reputable.

Hammond.

2. Not for the credit or reputation.

Mitford.

Uncreditableness

UNCRED'ITABLENESS, noun Want of reputation.

Decay of Piety.

2. The quality of being disreputable.

Uncredited

UNCRED'ITED, adjective Not believed.

Warner.

Uncritical

UNCRIT'ICAL, adjective Not critical.

2. Not according to the just rules of criticism.

M. Stuart.

Uncropped

UNCROP'PED, adjective Not cropped; not gathered.

Milton.

Uncrossed

UNCROSS'ED, adjective Not crossed; not canceled.

Shak.

2. Not thwarted; not opposed.

Uncrowded

UNCROWD'ED, adjective Not crowded; not compressed; not straitened for want of room.

Uncrown

UNCROWN', verb transitive To deprive of a crown; to dethrone.

2. To pull off the crown.

Dryden.

Uncrowned

UNCROWN'ED, participle passive Deprived of a crown.

2. adjective Not crowned; having no crown.

Uncrowning

UNCROWN'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving of a crown.

Uncrystalizable

UNCRYS'TALIZABLE, adjective Not susceptible of crystalization.

Ure.

Uncrystalized

UNCRYS'TALIZED, adjective Not crystalized.

Unction

UNC'TION, noun [French onction; Latin unctio, from ungo, to anoint.]

1. The act of anointing.

Hooker.

2. Unguent; ointment. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

3. The act of anointing medically; as mercurial unction.

Arbuthnot.

4. Any thing softening or lenitive.

Shak.

5. That which excites piety and devotion.

Johnson.

6. Richness of gracious affections.

7. Divine or sanctifying grace. 1 John 1.

Extreme unction, the rite of anointing in the last hours; or the application of sacred oil to the parts where the five senses reside.

Cyc.

Unctuosity

UNCTUOS'ITY, noun Oiliness; fatness; the quality of being greasy.

Brown.

Unctuous

UNCTUOUS, adjective Fat; oily; greasy.

Milton. Dryden.

2. Having a resemblance to oil; as the unctuous feel of a stone.

Unctuousness

UNC'TUOUSNESS, noun Fatness; oiliness.

2. The quality of resembling oil.

Unculled

UNCULL'ED, adjective Not gathered.

2. Not separated; not selected.

Unculpable

UNCUL'PABLE, adjective Not blamable; not faulty.

Hooker.

Uncult

UNCULT', adjective [un and Latin cultus.] Uncultivated; rude; illiterate. [Not in use.]

Chaldee Relig. Appeal.

Uncultivable

UNCUL'TIVABLE, adjective Not capable of being tilled or cultivated.

Uncultivated

UNCUL'TIVATED, adjective Not cultivated; not tilled; not used in tillage; as an uncultivated tract of land.

2. Not instructed; not civilized; rude; rough in manners; as an uncultivated nation or age.

Locke. Roscommon.

Uncumbered

UNCUM'BERED, adjective Not burdened; not embarrassed.

Dryden.

Uncurable

UNCU'RABLE, adjective Incurable. [The latter is mostly used.]

Uncurably

UNCU'RABLY, adverb Incurably.

Uncurbable

UNCURB'ABLE, adjective That cannot be curbed or checked. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Uncurbed

UNCURB'ED, adjective Not curbed; not restrained; licentious.

Shak.

Uncurl

UNCURL', verb transitive To loose from ringlets.

The lion uncurls his angry mane.

Dryden.

Uncurl

UNCURL', verb intransitive To fall from a curled state, as ringlets; to become straight.

Shak.

Uncurled

UNCURL'ED, participle passive Loosed from ringlets.

2. adjective Not curled; not formed into ringlets.

Uncurling

UNCURL'ING, participle of the present tense Loosing from ringlets.

Uncurrent

UNCUR'RENT, adjective Not current; not passing in common payment; as uncurrent coin or notes.

Shak.

Uncurse

UNCURSE, v. t. uncurs'. To free from any execration. [Not used.]

Shak.

Uncursed

UNCURS'ED, or UNCURST', adjective Not cursed; not execrated.

K. Charles.

Uncurtailed

UNCURTA'ILED, adjective Not curtailed; not shortened.

Uncustomary

UNCUS'TOMARY, adjective Not customary; not usual.

Dwight.

Uncustomed

UNCUS'TOMED, adjective Not subjected to customs or duty.

Ash.

2. That has not paid duty, or been charged with customs.

Smollett.

Uncut

UNCUT', adjective Not cut; as trees uncut.

Waller.

Undam

UNDAM', verb transitive To free from a dam, mound or obstruction.

Dryden.

Undamaged

UNDAM'AGED, adjective Not damaged; not made worse; as undamaged goods.

Undamped

UNDAMP'ED, adjective Not damped; not depressed.

Undangerous

UNDANGEROUS, adjective Not dangerous.

Thomson.

Undarkened

UND`ARKENED, adjective Not darkened or obscured.

Undated

UN'DATED, adjective [Latin undatus; unda, a wave.] Waved; rising and falling in waves towards the margin, as a leaf.

Lee.

Undated

UNDA'TED, adjective Not dated; having no date.

Undaunted

UND`AUNTED, adjective Not daunted; not subdued or depressed by fear; intrepid.

Dryden.

Undauntedly

UND`AUNTEDLY, adverb Boldly; intrepidly.

South.

Undauntedness

UND`AUNTEDNESS, noun Boldness; fearless bravery; intrepidity.

Pope.

Undawning

UNDAWN'ING, adjective Not yet dawning; not growing light; not opening with brightness.

Cowper.

Undazzled

UNDAZ'ZLED, adjective Not dazzled; not confused by splendor.

Milton. Boyle.

Undeaf

UNDE'AF, verb transitive To free from deafness. [Not in use.]

Undebased

UNDEBA'SED, adjective Not debased; not adulterated.

Shak.

Undebauched

UNDEBAUCH'ED, adjective Not debauched; not corrupted; pure.

Dryden.

Undecagon

UNDEC'AGON, noun [Latin undecim, eleven, and Greek, angle.] A figure of eleven angles or sides.

Undecayed

UNDECA'YED, adjective Not decayed; not impaired by age or accident; being in full strength.

Dryden.

Undecaying

UNDECA'YING, adjective Not decaying; not suffering diminution or decline.

2. Immortal; as the undecaying joys of heaven.

Undeceivable

UNDECE'IVABLE, adjective That cannot be deceived; not subject to deception.

Holder.

Undeceive

UNDECE'IVE, verb transitive To free from deception, cheat, fallacy or mistake, whether caused by others or by ourselves.If we rely on our own works for salvation, the Scriptures may undeceive us.

Undeceived

UNDECE'IVED, participle passive Disabused of cheat, deception or fallacy.

2. Not deceived; not misled or imposed on.

Undeceiving

UNDECE'IVING, participle of the present tense Freeing from deception or fallacy.

Undecency

UNDE'CENCY, noun Unbecomingness; indecency. [The latter word is now used.]

Undecent

UNDE'CENT, adjective Not decent; indecent. [The latter is the word used.]

Undecently

UNDE'CENTLY, adverb Indecently. [The latter is the word used.]

Undecidable

UNDECI'DABLE, adjective That cannot be decided.

South.

Undecided

UNDECI'DED, adjective Not decided; not determined; not settled.

Hooker.

Undecipherable

UNDECI'PHERABLE, adjective That cannot be deciphered.

Undeciphered

UNDECI'PHERED, adjective Not deciphered or explained.

Undecisive

UNDECI'SIVE, adjective Not decisive; not conclusive; not determining the controversy or contest.

Granville.

Undeck

UNDECK', verb transitive To divest of ornaments.

Shak.

Undecked

UNDECK'ED, participle passive Deprived of ornaments.

2. adjective Not decked; not adorned.

Milton.

Undeclared

UNDECLA'RED, adjective Not declared; not avowed.

Undeclinable

UNDECLI'NABLE, adjective That cannot be declined.

2. Not to be avoided.

Hacket.

Undeclined

UNDECLI'NED, adjective Not deviating; not turned from the right way.

Sandys.

2. Not varied in termination; as a noun undeclined.

Undecomposable

UNDECOMPO'SABLE, a. s as z. Not admitting decomposition; that cannot be decomposed.

Chimistry.

Undecomposed

UNDECOMPO'SED, a. s as z. Not decomposed; not separated; as constituent particles.

Ib.

Undecompounded

UNDECOMPOUND'ED, adjective Not decompounded.

Davy.

Undecorated

UNDEC'ORATED, adjective Not adorned; not embellished; plain.

To leave the character of Christ undecorated, to make its own impression.

Buckminster.

Undedicated

UNDED'ICATED, adjective Not dedicated; not consecrated.

2. Not inscribed to a patron.

Undeeded

UNDEE'DED, adjective Not signalized by any great action.

Shak.

2. Not transferred by deed; as undeeded land. [Local.]

Undefaceable

UNDEFA'CEABLE, adjective That cannot be defaced.

Undefaced

UNDEFA'CED, adjective Not deprived of its form; not disfigured; as an undefaced statue.

Undefeasible

UNDEFE'ASIBLE, a. s. as z. Not defeasible. [But indefeasible is chiefly used.]

Undefended

UNDEFEND'ED, adjective Not defended; not protected.

2. Not vindicated.

3. Open to assault; being without works of defense.

Undefied

UNDEFI'ED, adjective Not set at defiance; not challenged.

Spenser.

Undefiled

UNDEFI'LED, adjective Not defiled; not polluted; not vitiated.

Milton.

Undefinable

UNDEFI'NABLE, adjective Not definable; not capable of being described or limited; as the undefinable bounds of space.

Grew.

2. That cannot be described by interpretation or definition.

Simple ideas are undefinable.

Locke.

Undefinableness

UNDEFI'NABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being undefinable.

E. T. Fitch.

Undefined

UNDEFI'NED, adjective Not defined; not described by definition or explanation.

2. Not having its limits described.

Undefloured

UNDEFLOUR'ED, adjective Not debauched; not vitiated.

Milton.

Undeformed

UNDEFORM'ED, adjective Not deformed; not disfigured.

Pope.

Undefrauded

UNDEFRAUD'ED, adjective Not defrauded.

Undefrayed

UNDEFRA'YED, adjective Not defrayed; not paid.

Undegraded

UNDEGRA'DED, adjective Not degraded.

Undeify

UNDE'IFY, verb transitive To reduce from the state of Deity.

Addison.

Undelegated

UNDEL'EGATED, adjective Not delegated; not deputed; not granted; as undelegated authority; undelegated powers.

Undeliberated

UNDELIB'ERATED, adjective Not carefully considered; as an undeliberated measure. [Not correct.]

Clarendon.

Undeliberating

UNDELIB'ERATING, adjective Not deliberating; not hesitating; hasty; prompt.

Undelighted

UNDELIGHTED, adjective Not delighted; not well pleased.

Milton.

Undelightful

UNDELIGHTFUL, adjective Not giving delight or great pleasure.

Clarendon.

Undelivered

UNDELIV'ERED, adjective Not delivered; not communicated.

Undemanded

UNDEM`ANDED, adjective Not demanded; not required.

Undemolished

UNDEMOL'ISHED, adjective Not demolished; not pulled down.

Swift.

2. Not destroyed.

Undemonstrable

UNDEMON'STRABLE, adjective Not capable of fuller evidence.

Hooker.

2. Not capable of demonstration.

Undeniable

UNDENI'ABLE, adjective That cannot be denied; as undeniable evidence.

Undeniably

UNDENI'ABLY, adverb So plainly as to admit no contradiction or denial.

Dryden.

Undepending

UNDEPEND'ING, adjective Not dependent.

Milton.

Undeplored

UNDEPLO'RED, adjective Not lamented.

Dryden.

Undeposable

UNDEPO'SABLE, a. s as z. That cannot be deposed from office.

Milton.

Undepraved

UNDEPRA'VED, adjective Not corrupted; not vitiated.

Undeprecated

UNDEP'RECATED, adjective Not deprecated.

Undepreciated

UNDEPRE'CIATED, adjective Not depreciated; not lowered in value.

Walsh.

Undeprived

UNDEPRI'VED, adjective Not deprived; not divested of by authority; not stripped of any possession.

Under

UN'DER, preposition [Gothic undar; Saxon under; Dutch onder; German unter; probably compounded of on and nether; on the nether side.]

1. Beneath; below; so as to have something over or above. He stood under a tree; the carriage is under cover. We may see things under water; we have a cellar under the whole house.

2. In a state of pupilage or subjection to; as a youth under a tutor; a ward under a guardian; colonies under the British government.

I also am a man under authority, having soldiers under me. Matthew 8.

3. In a less degree than. The effect of medicine is sometimes under and sometimes above or over its natural strength.

Hooker.

4. For less than. He would not sell the horse under forty pounds.

5. Less than; below. There are parishes in England under forty pounds a year.

6. With the pretense of; with the cover or pretext of. He does this under the name of love. This argument is not to be evaded under some plausible distinction.

7. With less than.

Several young men could never leave the pulpit under half a dozen conceits.

Swift.

8. In a degree, state or rank inferior to.

It was too great an honor for any man under a duke.

Addison.

9. In a state of being loaded; in a state of bearing or being burdened; as, to travel under a heavy load; to live under extreme oppression.

10. In a state of oppression or subjection to, the state in which a person is considered as bearing or having any thing laid upon him; as, to have fortitude under the evils of life; to have patience under pain, or under misfortunes; to behave like a christian under reproaches and injuries.

11. In a state of liability or obligation. No man shall trespass but under the pains and penalties of the law. Attend to the conditions under which you enter upon your office. We are under the necessity of obeying the laws. Nuns are under vows of chastity. We all lie under the curse of the law, until redeemed by Christ.

12. In the state of bearing and being known by; as men trading under the firm of Wright & Co.

13. In the state of; in the enjoyment or possession of. We live under the gospel dispensation.

14. During the time of. The American revolution commenced under the administration of lord North.

15. Not having reached or arrived to; below. He left three sons under age.

16. Represented by; in the form of. Morpheus is represented under the figure of a boy asleep. [But morph, in Ethiopic, signifies cessation, rest.]

17. In the state of protection or defense. Under favor of the prince, our author was promoted. The enemy landed under cover of their batteries.

18. As bearing a particular character.

The duke may be mentioned under the double capacity of a poet and divine.

Felton.

19. Being contained or comprehended in.

Under this head may be mentioned the contests between the popes and the secular princes.

Lesley.

20. Attested by; signed by. Here is a deed under his hand and seal.

He has left us evidence under his own hand.

Locke.

21. In a state of being handled, treated or discussed, or of being the subject of. The bill is now under discussion. We shall have the subject under consideration next week.

22. In subordination to. Under God, this is our only safety.

23. In subjection or bondage to; ruled or influenced by; in a moral sense; within the dominion of.

They are all under sin. Romans 3.

Under a signature, bearing, as a name or title.

Under way, in seamen's language, moving; in a condition to make progress.

To keep under, to hold in subjection or control; to restrain.

I keep under my body. 1 Corinthians 9.

Under

UN'DER, adjective Lower in degree; subject; subordinate; as an under officer; under sherif.

Under is much used in composition. For the etymologies, see the principal words.

Underaction

UNDERAC'TION, noun Subordinate action; action not essential to the main story.

The least episodes or underactionsÃ‚--are parts necessary to the main design.

Dryden.

Underagent

UNDERA'GENT, noun A subordinate agent.

South.

Underbear

UNDERBEAR, verb transitive To support; to endure.

Shak.

2. To line; to guard; as cloth of gold underborne with blue tinsel. Obs.

Shak.

Underbearer

UNDERBEARER, noun In funerals, one who sustains the corpse.

Underbid

UNDERBID', verb transitive To bid or offer less than another; as in auctions, when a contract or service is set up to the lowest bidder.

Underbred

UN'DERBRED, adjective Of inferior breeding or manners.

Observer.

Underbrush

UN'DERBRUSH, noun Shrubs and small trees in a wood or forest, growing under large trees.

Underbuy

UNDERBUY, verb transitive To buy at less than a thing is worth. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Underchamberlain

UNDERCHAMBERLAIN, noun A deputy chamberlain of the exchequer.

Underclerk

UN'DERCLERK, noun A clerk subordinate to the principal clerk.

Undercroft

UN'DERCROFT, noun A vault under the choir or chancel of a church; also, a vault or secret walk under ground.

Bullokar.

Undercurrent

UNDERCUR'RENT, noun A current below the surface of the water.

Mar. Dict.

Underditch

UNDERDITCH', verb transitive To form a deep ditch or trench to drain the surface of land.

Underdo

UNDERDO, verb intransitive To act below one's abilities.

B. Jonson.

2. To do less than is requisite.

Grew.

Underdose

UN'DERDOSE, noun A quantity less than a dose.

Underdose

UNDERDO'SE, verb intransitive To take small doses.

Cheyne.

Underdrain

UN'DERDRAIN, noun A drain or trench below the surface of the ground.

Underdrain

UNDERDRA'IN, verb transitive To drain by cutting a deep channel below the surface.

Underfaction

UNDERFAC'TION, noun A subordinate faction.

Decay of Piety.

Underfarmer

UNDERF`ARMER, noun A subordinate farmer.

Underfellow

UNDERFEL'LOW, noun A mean sorry wretch.

Sidney.

Underfilling

UNDERFIL'LING, noun The lower part of a building.

Wotton.

Underfong

UNDERFONG', verb transitive [Saxon fangan, to seize.] To take in hand. Obs.

Spenser.

Underfoot

UN'DERFOOT, adverb Beneath.

Milton.

Underfoot

UN'DERFOOT, adjective Low; base; abject; trodden down.

Milton.

Underfurnish

UNDERFUR'NISH, verb transitive To supply with less than enough.

Collier.

Underfurnished

UNDERFUR'NISHED, participle passive Supplied with less than enough.

Underfurnishing

UNDERFUR'NISHING, participle of the present tense Furnishing with less than enough.

Underfurrow

UNDERFUR'ROW, adverb In agriculture, to sow underfurrow, is to plow in seed. This phrase is applied to other operations, in which something is covered by the furrow-slice.

Undergird

UNDERGIRD', verb transitive [See Gird.] To bind below; to gird round the bottom. Acts 27.

Undergo

UNDERGO', verb transitive To suffer; to endure something burdensome or painful to the body or the mind; as, to undergo toil and fatigue; to undergo pain; to undergo grief or anxiety; to undergo the operation of amputation.

2. To pass through. Bread in the stomach undergoes the process of digestion; it undergoes a material alteration.

3. To sustain without fainting, yielding or sinking. Can you undergo the operation, or the fatigue?

4. To be the bearer of; to possess.

VirtuesÃ‚--

As infinite as man may undergo.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

5. To support; to hazard.

I have mov'd certain Romans

To undergo with me an enterprise. Obs.

Shak.

6. To be subject to.

Claudio undergoes my challenge. Obs.

Shak.

Undergoing

UNDERGO'ING, participle of the present tense Suffering; enduring.

Undergone

UNDERGONE, pp. undergawn'. Borne; suffered; sustained; endured. Who can tell how many evils and pains he has undergone?

Undergraduate

UNDERGRAD'UATE, noun A student or member of a university or college, who has not taken his first degree.

Underground

UNDERGROUND', noun A place or space beneath the surface of the ground.

Shak.

Underground

UN'DERGROUND, adjective Being below the surface of the ground; as an underground story or apartment.

Underground

UNDERGROUND', adverb Beneath the surface of the earth.

Undergrowth

UN'DERGROWTH, noun That which grows under trees; shrubs or small trees growing among large ones.

Milton.

Underhand

UN'DERHAND, adverb By secret means; in a clandestine manner.

Hooker.

2. By fraud; by fraudulent means.

Dryden.

Underhand

UN'DERHAND, adjective Secret; clandestine; usually implying meanness or fraud, or both. He obtained the place by underhand practices.

Underhanded

UNDERHAND'ED, adjective Underhand; clandestine. [This is the word in more general use in the United States.]

Underived

UNDERI'VED, adjective Not derived; not borrowed; not received from a foreign source.

Underkeeper

UNDERKEE'PER, noun A subordinate keeper.

Gray.

Underlaborer

UNDERLA'BORER, noun A subordinate workman.

Wilkins.

Underlaid

UNDERLA'ID, participle passive or a'.[from underlay.] Having something lying or laid beneath; as sand underlaid with clay.

Underlay

UNDERLA'Y, verb transitive To lay beneath; to support by something laid under.

Underleaf

UNDERLE'AF, noun A sort of apple good for cider.

Cyc. Mortimer.

Underlet

UNDERLET', verb transitive To let below the value.

Smollett.

2. To let or lease, as a lessee or tenant; to let under a lease.

It is a matter of much importanceÃ‚--that the tenant should have power to underlet his farms.

Cyc.

Underletter

UNDERLET'TER, noun A tenant who leases.

Underletting

UNDERLET'TING, participle of the present tense Letting or leasing under a lease, or by a lessee.

Underletting

UNDERLET'TING, noun The act or practice of letting lands by lessees or tenants.

[This is called also subletting.]

Underline

UNDERLI'NE, verb transitive To mark with a line below the words; sometimes called scoring.

2. To influence secretly. [Not used.]

Wotton.

Underlined

UNDERLI'NED, participle passive Marked with a line underneath.

Underling

UN'DERLING, noun An inferior person or agent; a mean sorry fellow.

Milton.

Underlining

UNDERLI'NING, participle of the present tense Mark 1ng with a line below.

Underlock

UN'DERLOCK, noun A lock of wool hanging under the belly of a sheep.

Cyc.

Undermaster

UN'DERM`ASTER, noun A master subordinate to the principal master.

Lowth.

Undermeal

UN'DERMEAL, noun A repast before dinner.

B. Jonson.

Undermine

UNDERMI'NE, verb transitive To sap; to excavate the earth beneath, for the purpose of suffering to fall, or of blowing up; as, to undermine a wall.

2. To excavate the earth beneath. Rapid streams often undermine their banks and the trees growing upon them.

3. To remove the foundation or support of any thing by clandestine means; as, to undermine reputation; to undermine the constitution of the state.

He should be warned who are like to undermine him.

Locke.

Undermined

UNDERMI'NED, participle passive Sapped; having the foundation removed.

Underminer

UNDERMI'NER, noun One that saps, or excavates the earth beneath any thing.

2. One that clandestinely removes the foundation or support; one that secretly overthrows; as an underminer of the church.

Undermining

UNDERMI'NING, participle of the present tense Sapping; digging away the earth beneath; clandestinely removing the supports of.

Undermost

UN'DERMOST, adjective Lowest in place beneath others.

2. Lowest in state or condition.

The party that is undermost.

Addison.

Undern

UN'DERN, noun [Saxon] The third hour of the day, or nine o'clock. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Underneath

UNDERNE'ATH, adverb [under and neath. See Nether.]

Beneath; below; in a lower place.

Or sullen Mole that runneth underneath.

Milton.

The slate did not lie flat upon it, but left a free passage underneath.

Addison.

Underneath

UNDERNE'ATH, preposition Under; beneath.

Underneath this stone doth lie

As much beauty as could die.

B. Jonson.

Underofficer

UNDEROF'FICER, noun A subordinate officer.

Underogatory

UNDEROG'ATORY, adjective Not derogatory.

Boyle.

Underpart

UN'DERP`ART, noun A subordinate part.

Dryden.

Underpetticoat

UNDERPET'TICOAT, noun A petticoat worn under a shirt or another petticoat.

Spectator.

Underpin

UNDERPIN', verb transitive To lay stones under the sills of a building, on which it is to rest.

2. To support by some solid foundation; or to place something underneath for support

Underpinned

UNDERPIN'NED, participle passive Supported by stones or a foundation.

Underpinning

UNDERPIN'NING, participle of the present tense Placing stones under the sills for support.

Underpinning

UNDERPIN'NING, noun The act of laying stones under sills.

2. The stones on which a building immediately rests.

Underplot

UN'DERPLOT, noun A series of events in a play, proceeding collaterally with the main story, and subservient to it.

Dryden.

2. A clandestine scheme.

Underpraise

UNDERPRA'ISE, v. t. s as z. To praise below desert.

Dryden.

Underprize

UNDERPRI'ZE, verb transitive To value at less than the worth; to undervalue.

Shak.

Underprized

UNDERPRI'ZED, participle passive Undervalued.

Underprizing

UNDERPRI'ZING, participle of the present tense Undervaluing.

Underprop

UNDERPROP', verb transitive To support; to uphold.

And underprop the head that bears the crown.

Fenton.

Underproportioned

UNDERPROPORTIONED, adjective Having too little proportion.

Scanty and underproportioned returns of civility.

Collier.

Underpuller

UNDERPULL'ER, noun An inferior puller. [Not in use.]

Collier.

Underrate

UNDERRA'TE, verb transitive To rate too low; to rate below the value; to undervalue.

Buck.

Underrate

UN'DERRATE, noun A price less than the worth; as, to sell a thing at an underrate.

Underrun

UNDERRUN', verb transitive To pass under in a boat.

Mar. Dict.

To underrun a tackle, to separate its parts and put them in order.

Mar. Dict.

Undersaturated

UNDERSAT'URATED, adjective Not fully saturated; a chimical term.

Undersay

UNDERSA'Y, verb transitive To say by way of derogation or contradiction. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Undersecretary

UNDERSEC'RETARY, noun A secretary subordinate to the principal secretary.

Bacon.

Undersell

UNDERSELL', verb transitive To sell the same articles at a lower price than another.

Underselling

UNDERSELL'ING, participle of the present tense Selling at a lower price.

Underservant

UNDERSERV'ANT, noun An inferior servant.

Grew.

Underset

UNDERSET', verb transitive To prop; to support.

Bacon.

Underset

UN'DERSET, noun A current of water below the surface.

Mar. Dict.

Undersetter

UNDERSET'TER, noun A prop; a pedestal; a support. 1 Kings 7.

Undersetting

UNDERSET'TING, participle of the present tense Propping; supporting.

Undersetting

UNDERSET'TING, noun The lower part; the pedestal.

Wotton.

Under-Sherif

UNDER-SHER'IF, noun A sherif's deputy.

Undersherifry

UNDERSHER'IFRY, noun The office of an under-sherif. [Not in use.]

Undershot

UN'DERSHOT, adjective Moved by water passing under the wheel; opposed to overshot; as an undershot mill or mill-wheel.

Undershrub

UN'DERSHRUB, noun A low shrub, permanent and woody at the base, but the yearly branches decaying.

Barton. Martyn.

Undersoil

UN'DERSOIL, noun Soil beneath the surface; subsoil.

Asiat. Res.

Undersong

UN'DERSONG, noun Chorus; burden of a song.

Menalcas shall sustain his undersong.

Dryden.

Understand

UNDERSTAND', verb transitive pret. and pp. understood. [under and stand. The sense is to support or hold in the mind.]

1. To have just and adequate ideas of; to comprehend; to know; as, to understand a problem in Euclid; to understand a proposition or a declaration.

2. To have the same ideas as the person who speaks, or the ideas which a person intends to communicate. I understood the preacher; the court perfectly understand the advocate or his argument.

3. To receive or have the ideas expressed or intended to be conveyed in a writing or book; to know the meaning. It is important that we should understand the sacred oracles.

4. To know the meaning of signs, or of any thing intended to convey ideas; as, to understand a nod, a wink, or a motion.

5. To suppose to mean.

The most learned interpreters understood the words of sin, and not of Abel.

Locke.

6. To know by experience.

Milton.

7. To know by instinct.

Ã‚--Amorous intent, well understood.

Milton.

8. To interpret, at least mentally.

Stillingfleet.

9. To know another's meaning.

Milton.

10. To hold in opinion with conviction.

Milton.

11. To mean without expressing.

War then, war,

Open or understood, must be resolv'd.

Milton.

12. To know what is not expressed.

Milton.

I bring them to receive

From thee their names, and pay thee fealty

With low subjection; understand the same

Of fish.

Milton.

13. To learn; to be informed. I understand that congress have passed the bill.

Understand

UNDERSTAND', verb intransitive To have the use of the intellectual faculties; to be an intelligent and conscious being.

All my soul be

Imparadis'd in you, in whom alone

I understand, and grow, and see.

Donne.

2. To be informed by another; to learn.

I understood of the evil that Eliashib did. Nehemiah 13.

Understandable

UNDERSTAND'ABLE, adjective That can be understood. [Not much used.]

Chillingworth.

Understander

UNDERSTAND'ER, noun One who understands or knows by experience. [Little used.]

Beaum.

Understanding

UNDERSTAND'ING, participle of the present tense Comprehending; apprehending the ideas or sense of another, or of a writing; learning or being informed.

2. adjective Knowing; skillful. He is an understanding man.

Understanding

UNDERSTAND'ING, noun The faculty of the human mind by which it apprehends the real state of things presented to it, or by which it receives or comprehends the ideas which others express and intend to communicate. The understanding is called also the intellectual faculty. It is the faculty by means of which we obtain a great part of our knowledge. Luke 24. Ephesians 1.

By understanding I mean that faculty whereby we are enabled to apprehend the objects of knowledge, generals or particulars, absent or present, and to judge of their truth or falsehood, good or evil.

Watts.

There is a spirit in man, and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth him understanding. Job 32.

2. Knowledge; exact comprehension.

Right understanding consists in the perception of the visible or probable agreement or disagreement of ideas.

Locke.

3. Intelligence between two or more persons; agreement of minds; union of sentiments. There is a good understanding between the minister and his people.

Understandingly

UNDERSTAND'INGLY, adverb Intelligibly; with full knowledge or comprehension of a question or subject; as, to vote upon a question understandingly; to act or judge understandingly.

The gospel may be neglected, but it cannot be understandingly disbelieved.

J. Hawes.

Understood

UNDERSTOOD', preterit tense and participle passive of understand.

Understrapper

UN'DERSTRAPPER, noun A petty fellow; an inferior agent.

Swift.

Understratum

UNDERSTRA'TUM, noun Subsoil; the bed or layer of earth on which the mold or soil rests.

Cyc.

Understroke

UNDERSTRO'KE, verb transitive To underline.

Swift.

Undertakable

UNDERTA'KABLE, adjective That may be undertaken. [Not in use.]

Chillingworth.

Undertake

UNDERTA'KE, verb transitive pret. undertook; pp. undertaken. [under and take.]

1. To engage in; to enter upon; to take in hand; to begin to perform. When I undertook this work, I had a very inadequate knowledge of the extent of my labors.

2. To covenant or contract to perform or execute. A man undertakes to erect a house, or to make a mile of canal, when he enters into stipulations for that purpose.

3. To attempt; as when a man undertakes what he cannot perform.

4. To assume a character. [Not in use.]

Shak.

5. To engage with; to attack.

Your lordship should not undertake every companion you offend. [Not in use.]

Shak.

6. To have the charge of.

Ã‚--Who undertakes you to your end.

Shak.

[Not in use.]

Undertake

UNDERTA'KE, verb intransitive To take upon or assume any business or province.

O Lord, I am oppressed; undertake for me. Isaiah 38.

2. To venture; to hazard. They dare not undertake.

3. To promise; to be bound.

I dare undertake they will not lose their labor.

Woodward.

To undertake for, to be bound; to become surety for.

Undertaken

UNDERTA'KEN, participle passive of undertake. The work was undertaken at his own expense.

Undertaker

UNDERTA'KER, noun One who undertakes; one who engages in any project or business.

Clarendon.

2. One who stipulates or covenants to perform any work for another.

Swift.

3. One who manages funerals.

Young.

Undertaking

UNDERTA'KING, participle of the present tense Engaging in; taking in hand; beginning to perform; stipulating to execute.

Undertaking

UNDERTA'KING, noun Any business, work or project which a person engages in, or attempts to perform; an enterprise. The canal, or the making of the canal, from the Hudson to lake Erie, a distance of almost four hundred miles, was the greatest undertaking of the kind in modern times. The attempt to find a navigable passage to the Pacific round North America, is a hazardous undertaking, and probably useless to navigation.

Undertenant

UNDERTEN'ANT, noun The tenant of a tenant; one who holds lands or tenements of a tenant.

Undertime

UN'DERTIME, noun Undern-tide; the time after dinner, or in the evening. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Undertook

UNDERTOOK', preterit tense of undertake.

Undertreasurer

UNDERTREASURER, n. undertrezh'urer. A subordinate treasurer.

Undervaluation

UNDERVALUA'TION, noun The act of valuing below the real worth; rate not equal to the worth.

Undervalue

UNDERVAL'UE, verb transitive To value, rate or estimate below the real worth.

2. To esteem lightly; to treat as of little worth.

In comparison of the discharge of my duties, I undervalued all designs of authority.

Atterbury.

3. To despise; to hold in mean estimation.

I write not this with the least intention to undervalue the other parts of poetry.

Dryden.

Undervalue

UNDERVAL'UE, noun Low rate or price; a price less than the real worth.

Hamilton.

Undervalued

UNDERVAL'UED, participle passive Estimated at less than the real worth; slighted; despised.

Undervaluer

UNDERVAL'UER, noun One who esteems lightly.

Walton.

Undervaluing

UNDERVAL'UING, participle of the present tense Estimating at less than the real worth; slighting; despising.

Underwent

UNDERWENT', preterit tense of undergo. He underwent severe trials.

Underwood

UN'DERWOOD, noun Small trees that grow among large trees.

Mortimer.

Underwork

UN'DERWORK, noun Subordinate work; petty affairs.

Addison.

Underwork

UNDERWORK', verb transitive To destroy by clandestine measures.

Shak.

2. To work or labor upon less than is sufficient or proper.

Dryden.

3. To work at a less price than others in the like employment; as, one mason may underwork another; a shoemaker cannot underwork a joiner.

Underworker

UN'DERWORKER, noun One who underworks; or a subordinate workman.

Underworking

UNDERWORK'ING, participle of the present tense Destroying clandestinely; working at a less price than others in the like employment.

Underworkman

UNDERWORKMAN, noun A subordinate workman.

Underwrite

UNDERWRI'TE, verb transitive [See Write.] To write under something else.

The change I have made, I have here underwritten.

Saunderson.

2. To subscribe. We whose names are underwritten, agree to pay the sums expressed against our respective names.

3. To subscribe one's name for insurance; to set one's name to a policy of insurance, for the purpose of becoming answerable for loss or damage, for a certain premium per cent. Individuals underwrite policies of insurance, as well as companies.

The broker who procures insurance, ought not, by underwriting the policy, to deprive the parties of his unbiased testimony.

Marshall.

Underwrite

UNDERWRI'TE, verb intransitive To practice insuring.

Underwriter

UN'DERWRITER, noun One who insures; an insurer; so called because he underwrites his name to the conditions of the policy.

Underwriting

UNDERWRI'TING, participle of the present tense Writing under something.

2. Subscribing a policy; insuring.

Underwriting

UNDERWRI'TING, noun The act or practice of insuring ships, goods, houses, &c.

Underwritten

UNDERWRIT'TEN, participle passive Written under; subscribed.

Undescendible

UNDESCEND'IBLE, adjective Not descendible; not capable of descending to heirs.

Undescribed

UNDESCRI'BED, adjective Not described.

Hooker.

Undescried

UNDESCRI'ED, adjective Not descried; not discovered; not seen.

Wollaston.

Undeserved

UNDESERV'ED, a. s as z. Not deserved; not merited.

Sidney.

Undeservedly

UNDESERV'EDLY, adverb Without desert, either good or evil.

Milton. Dryden.

Undeservedness

UNDESERV'EDNESS, noun Want of being worthy.

Newton.

Undeserver

UNDESERV'ER, noun One of no merit.

Shak.

Undeserving

UNDESERV'ING, adjective Not deserving; not having merit. God continually supplies the wants of his undeserving creatures.

2. Not meriting; with of; as a man undeserving of happiness, or of punishment. [This is rather harsh and unusual.]

Sidney. Pope.

Undeservingly

UNDESERV'INGLY, adverb Without meriting any particular advantage or harm.

Milton.

Undesigned

UNDESIGNED, adjective Not designed; not intended; not proceeding from purpose; as, to do an undesigned injury.

Undesignedly

UNDESIGNEDLY, adverb Without design or intention.

Undesignedness

UNDESIGNEDNESS, noun Freedom from design or set purpose.

Paley.

Undesigning

UNDESIGNING, adjective Not acting with set purpose.

2. Sincere; upright; artless; having no artful or fraudulent purpose. It is base to practice on undesigning minds.

Undesirable

UNDESI'RABLE, a. s as z. Not to be desired; not to be wished; not pleasing.

Milton.

Undesired

UNDESI'RED, a. s as z. Not desired, or not solicited.

Undesiring

UNDESI'RING, adjective Not desiring; not wishing.

Dryden.

Undespairing

UNDESPA'IRING, adjective Not yielding to despair.

Dyer.

Undestroyable

UNDESTROY'ABLE, adjective Indestructible. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Undestroyed

UNDESTROY'ED, adjective Not destroyed; not wasted; not ruined.

Locke.

Undetected

UNDETECT'ED, adjective Not detected; not discovered; not laid open.

R. German Harper.

Undeterminable

UNDETERM'INABLE, adjective That cannot be determined or decided.

Locke.

Undeterminate

UNDETERM'INATE, adjective Not determinate; not settled or certain. [But indeterminate is now generally used.]

Undeterminateness

UNDETERM'INATENESS, noun Uncertainty; unsettled state.

Undetermination

UNDETERMINA'TION, noun Indecision; uncertainty of mind. [See Indetermination, which is chiefly used.]

Undetermined

UNDETERM'INED, adjective Not determined; not settled; not decided.

Locke.

2. Not limited; not defined; indeterminate.

Hale.

Undeterred

UNDETER'RED, adjective Not deterred; not restrained by fear or obstacles.

Mitford.

Undetesting

UNDETEST'ING, adjective Not detesting; not abhorring.

Thomson.

Undeveloped

UNDEVEL'OPED, adjective Not opened or unfolded.

Undeviating

UNDE'VIATING, adjective Not deviating; not departing from the way, or from a rule, principle or purpose; steady; regular; as an undeviating course of virtue.

Panoplist.

2. Not erring; not wandering; not crooked.

Cowper.

Undeviatingly

UNDE'VIATINGLY, adverb Without wandering; steadily; regularly.

Undevoted

UNDEVO'TED, adjective Not devoted.

Clarendon.

Undevout

UNDEVOUT', adjective Not devout; having no devotion.

Undextrous

UNDEX'TROUS, adjective Not dextrous; clumsy.

Undiaphanous

UNDIAPH'ANOUS, adjective Not transparent; not pellucid.

Boyle.

Undid

UNDID', preterit tense of undo.

Undigenous

UNDIG'ENOUS, adjective [Latin unda, wave, and Greek, kind.] Generated by water.

Kirwan.

Undigested

UNDIGEST'ED, adjective Not digested; not subdued by the stomach; crude.

Arbuthnot.

Undight

UNDIGHT, verb transitive To put off. Obs.

Spenser.

Undignified

UNDIG'NIFIED, adjective Not dignified; common; mean.

Swift.

Undiminishable

UNDIMIN'ISHABLE, adjective Not capable of diminution.

Scott.

Undiminished

UNDIMIN'ISHED, adjective Not diminished; not lessened; unimpaired.

Milton. Dryden.

Undiminishing

UNDIMIN'ISHING, adjective Not diminishing; not becoming less.

Undinted

UNDINT'ED, adjective Not impressed by a blow.

Shak.

Undiplomatic

UNDIPLOMAT'IC, adjective Not according to the rules of diplomatic bodies.

Undipped

UNDIP'PED, adjective Not dipped; not plunged.

Dryden.

Undirected

UNDIRECT'ED, adjective Not directed; not guided; left without direction.

2. Not addressed; not superscribed; as a letter.

Undisappointed

UNDISAPPOINT'ED, adjective Not disappointed.

Elphinstone.

Undiscerned

UNDISCERN'ED, adjective Not discerned; not seen; not observed; not descried; not discovered; as truths undiscerned.

Brown.

Undiscernedly

UNDISCERN'EDLY, adverb In such a manner as not to be discovered or seen.

Boyle.

Undiscernible

UNDISCERN'IBLE, adjective That cannot be discerned, seen or discovered; invisible; as undiscernible objects or distinctions.

Rogers.

Undiscernibleness

UNDISCERN'IBLENESS, noun The state or quality of being undiscernible.

Undiscernibly

UNDISCERN'IBLY, adverb In a way not to be discovered or seen; invisibly; imperceptibly.

South.

Undiscerning

UNDISCERN'ING, adjective Not discerning; not making just distinctions; wanting judgment or the power of discrimination.

Undiscerning

UNDISCERN'ING, noun Want of discernment.

Spectator.

Undisciplined

UNDIS'CIPLINED, adjective Not disciplined; not duly exercised and taught; not subdued to regularity and order; raw; as undisciplined troops; undisciplined valor.

Madison.

2. Not instructed; untaught; as undisciplined minds.

Undisclose

UNDISCLOSE, v. t. undisclo'ze. Not to discover. [A bad word.]

Daniel.

Undisclosed

UNDISCLO'SED, adjective Not disclosed; not revealed.

Undiscolored

UNDISCOLORED, adjective Not discolored; not stained.

Undiscording

UNDISCORD'ING, adjective Not disagreeing; not jarring in music; harmonious; as undiscording voices.

Milton.

Undiscoverable

UNDISCOVERABLE, adjective That cannot be discovered or found out; as undiscoverable principles.

Undiscoverably

UNDISCOVERABLY, adverb In a manner not to be discovered.

Undiscovered

UNDISCOVERED, adjective Not discovered; not seen; not descried.

Dryden.

Undiscrete

UNDISCRE'TE, adjective Not discrete; not prudent or wise. [Instead of this, indiscrete is used.]

Undiscretely

UNDISCRE'TELY, adverb Indiscretely. [See Indiscretely.]

Undiscussed

UNDISCUSS'ED, adjective Not discussed; not argued or debated.

Du Ponceau.

Undisgraced

UNDISGRA'CED, adjective Not disgraced or dishonored.

Undisguised

UNDISGUISED, adjective [See Guise.] Not disguised; not covered with a mask, or with a false appearance.

Dryden.

2. Open; frank; candid; plain; artless.

Rogers.

Undishonored

UNDISHON'ORED, adjective [See Honor.] Not dishonored; not disgraced.

Shak.

Undismayed

UNDISMA'YED, adjective Not dismayed; not disheartened by fear; not discouraged; as troops undismayed.

Undisobliging

UNDISOBLI'GING, adjective Inoffensive. [Little used.]

Brown.

Undisordered

UNDISOR'DERED, a. s as z. Not disordered; not disturbed.

Undispensed

UNDISPENS'ED, adjective Not dispensed.

2. Not freed from obligation.

Undispensing

UNDISPENS'ING, adjective Not allowing to be dispensed with.

Milton.

Undispersed

UNDISPERS'ED, adjective Not dispersed; not scattered.

Boyle.

Undisplayed

UNDISPLA'YED, adjective Not displayed; not unfolded.

Undisposed of, not disposed of; not bestowed; not parted with; as employments undisposed of.

Swift.

Undisputable

UNDIS'PUTABLE, adjective Not disputable. [But the word now used is indisputable.]

Undisputed

UNDISPU'TED, adjective Not disputed; not contested; not called in question; as an undisputed title; undisputed truth.

Dryden.

Undisquieted

UNDISQUI'ETED, adjective Not disquieted; not disturbed.

Tooke.

Undissembled

UNDISSEM'BLED, adjective Not dissembled; open; undisguised; unfeigned; as undissembled friendship or piety.

Warton. Atterbury.

Undissembling

UNDISSEM'BLING, adjective Not dissembling; not exhibiting a false appearance; not false.

Thomson.

Undissipated

UNDIS'SIPATED, adjective Not dissipated; not scattered.

Boyle.

Undissolvable

UNDISSOLV'ABLE, adjective [See Dissolve.] That cannot be dissolved or melted.

Greenhill.

2. That may not be loosened or broken; as the undissolvable ties of friendship.

Undissolved

UNDISSOLV'ED, adjective Not dissolved; not melted.

Cowper.

Undissolving

UNDISSOLV'ING, adjective Not dissolving; not melting; as the undissolving ice of the Alps.

Undistempered

UNDISTEM'PERED, adjective Not diseased; free from malady.

2. Free from perturbation.

Temple.

Undistended

UNDISTEND'ED, adjective Not distended; not enlarged.

Undistilled

UNDISTILL'ED, adjective Not distilled.

Undistinguishable

UNDISTIN'GUISHABLE, adjective That cannot be distinguished by the eye; not to be distinctly seen.

Shak.

2. Not to be known or distinguished by the intellect, by any peculiar property.

Locke.

Undistinguishably

UNDISTIN'GUISHABLY, adverb Without distinction; so as not to be known from each other, or to be separately seen.

Barrow.

Undistinguished

UNDISTIN'GUISHED, adjective Not distinguished; not so marked as to be distinctly known from each other.

Undistinguish'd seeds of good and ill.

Dryden.

2. Not separately seen or descried.

Dryden.

3. Not plainly discerned.

Swift.

4. Having no intervenient space.

Shak.

5. Not marked by any particular property.

Denham.

6. Not treated with any particular respect.

Pope.

7. Not distinguished by any particular eminence.

Undistinguishing

UNDISTIN'GUISHING, adjective Making no difference; not discriminating; as undistinguishing favor.

Undistinguishing distribution of good and evil.

Addison.

Undistorted

UNDISTORT'ED, adjective Not distorted; not perverted.

More.

Undistracted

UNDISTRACT'ED, adjective Not perplexed by contrariety or confusion of thoughts, desires or concerns.

Boyle.

Undistractedly

UNDISTRACT'EDLY, adverb Without disturbance from contrariety of thoughts or multiplicity of concerns.

Boyle.

Undistractedness

UNDISTRACT'EDNESS, noun Freedom from disturbance or interruption from contrariety or multiplicity of thoughts and concerns.

Boyle.

Undistributed

UNDISTRIB'UTED, adjective Not distributed or allotted.

Undisturbed

UNDISTURB'ED, adjective Free from interruption; not molested or hindered; as undisturbed with company or noise.

2. Free from perturbation of mind; calm; tranquil; placid; serene; not agitated. To be undisturbed by danger, by perplexities, by injuries received, is a most desirable object.

3. Not agitated; not stirred; not moved; as the surface of water undisturbed.

Dryden.

Undisturbedly

UNDISTURB'EDLY, adverb Calmly; peacefully.

Locke.

Undisturbedness

UNDISTURB'EDNESS, noun Calmness; tranquillity; freedom from molestation or agitation.

Undiversified

UNDIVERS'IFIED, adjective Not diversified; not varied; uniform.

Roscoe.

Undiverted

UNDIVERT'ED, adjective Not diverted; not turned aside.

2. Not amused; not entertained or pleased.

Undividable

UNDIVI'DABLE, adjective That cannot be divided; not separable; as an undividable scene.

Shak.

Undivided

UNDIVI'DED, adjective Not divided; not separated or disunited; unbroken; whole; as undivided attention or affections.

2. In botany, not lobed, cleft or branched.

Cyc.

Undividedly

UNDIVI'DEDLY, adverb So as not to be parted.

Feltham.

Undivorced

UNDIVORCED, adjective Not divorced; not separated.

Young.

Undivulged

UNDIVULG'ED, adjective Not divulged; not revealed or disclosed; secret.

Belknap. Robertson.

Undo

UNDO, verb transitive pret. undid; pp. undone. To reverse what has been done; to annul; to bring to naught any transaction. We can undo many kinds of work; but we cannot undo crimes, errors or faults.

To-morrow ere the setting sun,

She'd all undo what she had done.

Swift.

2. To loose; to open; to take to pieces; to unravel; to unfasten; to untie; as, to undo a knot.

Waller.

3. To ruin; to bring to poverty; to impoverish. Many are undone by unavoidable losses; but more undo themselves by vices and dissipation, or by indolence.

4. To ruin, in a moral sense; to bring to everlasting destruction and misery.

5. To ruin in reputation.

Undock

UNDOCK', verb transitive To take out of dock; as, to undock a ship.

Encyc.

Undoer

UNDOER, noun One who undoes or brings destruction; one who reverses what has been done; one who ruins the reputation of another.

Undoing

UNDOING, participle of the present tense Reversing what has been done; ruining.

Undoing

UNDOING, noun The reversal of what has been done.

2. Ruin; destruction.

Hooker.

Undone

UNDONE, participle passive Reversed; annulled.

2. Ruined; destroyed.

When the legislature is corrupted, the people are undone.

J. Adams.

3. adjective Not done; not performed; not executed. We are apt to leave undone what we ought to do.

Undoubted

UNDOUBTED, a. undout'ed. Not doubted; not called in question; indubitable; indisputable; as undoubted proof; undoubted truth.

Milton.

Undoubtedly

UNDOUBTEDLY, adv. undout'edly. Without doubt; without question; indubitably.

Tillotson.

Undoubtful

UNDOUBTFUL, a. undout'ful. Not doubtful; not ambiguous; plain; evident.

Shak.

Undoubting

UNDOUBTING, a. undout'ing. Not doubting; not hesitating respecting facts; not fluctuating in uncertainty; as an undoubting believer; an undoubting faith.

Hammond.

Undrained

UNDRA'INED, adjective Not drained; not freed from water.

Undramatic

UNDRAMAT'IC, or UNDRAMAT'ICAL, adjective Not dramatic; not according to the rules of the drama, or not suited to the drama.

Young.

Undrawn

UNDRAWN', adjective Not drawn; not pulled by an external force.

Milton.

2. Not allured by motives or persuasion.

3. Not taken from the box; as an undrawn ticket.

Undreaded

UNDREADED, a. undred'ed. Not dreaded; not feared.

Milton.

Undreamed

UNDRE'AMED, adjective Not dreamed; not thought of.

Shak.

Undress

UNDRESS', verb transitive To divest of clothes; to strip.

Addison.

2. To divest of ornaments, or the attire of ostentation; to disrobe.

Prior.

Undress

UN'DRESS, noun A loose negligent dress.

Dryden.

Undressed

UNDRESS'ED, participle passive Divested of dress; disrobed.

2. adjective Not dressed; not attired.

3. Not prepared; as meat undressed.

4. Not pruned; not trimmed; not put in order; as an undressed vineyard.

Undried

UNDRI'ED, adjective Not dried; wet; moist; as undried cloth.

2. Not dried; green; as undried hay; undried hops.

Mortimer.

Undriven

UNDRIV'EN, adjective Not driven; not impelled.

Dryden.

Undrooping

UNDROOP'ING, adjective Not drooping; not sinking; not despairing.

Thomson.

Undrossy

UNDROSS'Y, adjective Free from dross or recrement.

Pope.

Undrowned

UNDROWN'ED, adjective Not drowned.

Shak.

Undubitable

UNDU'BITABLE, adjective Not to be doubted; unquestionable. [But the word now used is indubitable.]

Undue

UNDUE, adjective Not due; not yet demandable of right; as a debt, note or bond undue.

2. Not right; not legal; improper; as an undue proceeding.

3. Not agreeable to a rule or standard, or to duty; not proportioned; excessive; as an undue regard to the externals of religion; an undue attachment to forms; an undue rigor in the execution of law.

Unduke

UNDU'KE, verb transitive To deprive of dukedom.

Swift.

Undulary

UN'DULARY, adjective [Latin undula, a little wave.] Playing like waves; waving.

Brown.

Undulate

UN'DULATE, or UN'DULATED, adjective Wavy; waved obtusely up and down, near the margin, as a leaf or corol.

Lee. Smith.

Undulate

UN'DULATE, verb transitive [Latin undula, a little wave; unda, a wave; Low Latin undulo.]

To move back and forth, or up and down, as waves; to cause to vibrate.

Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated and undulatedÃ‚--

Holder.

Undulate

UN'DULATE, verb intransitive To vibrate; to move back and forth; to wave; as undulating air.

Pope.

Undulating

UN'DULATING, participle of the present tense Waving; vibrating.

2. adjective Wary; rising and falling.

Undulatingly

UN'DULATINGLY, adverb In the form of waves.

Undulation

UNDULA'TION, noun [from undulate.] A waving motion or vibration; as the undulations of a fluid, of water or air; the undulations of sound. The undulations of a fluid are propagated in concentric circles.

2. In medicine, a particular uneasy sensation of an undulatory motion in the heart.

Cyc.

3. In music, a rattling or jarring of sounds, as when discordant notes are sounded together. It is called also beat.

Cyc.

4. In surgery, a certain motion of the matter of an abscess when pressed, which indicates its maturity or fitness for opening.

Cyc.

Undulatory

UN'DULATORY, adjective [from undulate.] Moving in the manner of waves; or resembling the motion of waves, which successively rise or swell and fall. We speak of the undulatory motion of water, of air of other fluid, and this undulatory motion of air is supposed to be the cause of sounds. This is sometimes called vibratory; but undulatory seems to be most correct.

Undull

UNDULL', verb transitive To remove dullness or obscurity; to clear; to purify. [Not used.]

Whitlock.

Unduly

UNDU'LY, adverb Not according to duty or propriety.

2. Not in properproportion; excessively. His strength was unduly exerted.

Undurable

UNDU'RABLE, adjective Not durable; not lasting. [Not in use.]

Arnway.

Undust

UNDUST', verb transitive To free from dust. [Not in use.]

Mountague.

Unduteous

UNDU'TEOUS, adjective Not performing duty to parents and superiors; not obedient; as an unduteous child, apprentice or servant.

Dryden.

Undutiful

UNDU'TIFUL, adjective Not obedient; not performing duty; as an undutiful son or subject.

Tillotson.

Undutifully

UNDU'TIFULLY, adverb Not according to duty; in a disobedient manner.

Dryden.

Undutifulness

UNDU'TIFULNESS, noun Want of respect; violation of duty; disobedience; as the undutifulness of children or subjects.

Undying

UNDY'ING, adjective Not dying; not perishing.

2. Not subject to death; immortal; as the undying souls of men.

Unearned

UNEARNED, a. unern'ed. Not merited by labor or services.

Hoping heaven will bless

Thy slighted fruits, and give thee breadunearn'd.

Philips.

Unearthed

UNEARTHED, a. unerth'ed. Driven from a den, cavern or burrow.

Thomson.

Unearthly

UNEARTHLY, a. unerth'ly. Not terrestrial.

Shak.

Uneasily

UNE'ASILY, adv. s as z. With uneasiness or pain.

He lives uneasily under the burden.

L'Estrange.

2. With difficulty; not readily.

Boyle.

Uneasiness

UNE'ASINESS, noun A moderate degree of pain; restlessness; want of ease; disquiet.

2. Unquietness of mind; moderate anxiety or perturbation; disquietude.

3. That which makes uneasy or gives trouble; ruggedness; as the uneasiness of the road. [Unusual.]

Burnet.

Uneasy

UNE'ASY, a. s as z. Feeling some degree of pain; restless; disturbed; unquiet.

The patient is uneasy.

2. Giving some pain; as an uneasy garment.

3. Disturbed in mind; somewhat anxious; unquiet. He is uneasy respecting the success of his project.

The soul, uneasy and confin'd from home,

Rests and expatiates in a life to come.

Pope.

4. Constraining; cramping; as uneasy rules.

Roscommon.

5. Constrained; stiff; not graceful; not easy; as an uneasy deportment.

Locke.

6. Giving some pain to others; disagreeable; unpleasing.

A sour, untractable nature makes him uneasy to those who approach him.

Spectator.

7. Difficult.

ThingsÃ‚--so uneasy to be satisfactorily understood. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Uneatable

UNE'ATABLE, adjective Not eatable; not fit to be eaten.

Miller.

Uneaten

UNE'ATEN, adjective Not eaten; not devoured.

Clarendon.

Uneath

UNE'ATH, adverb [un and Saxon eath, easy.]

1. Not easily. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. Beneath; below. [Not in use.] [See Neither and Beneath.]

Spenser.

Uneclipsed

UNECLIPS'ED, adjective Not eclipsed; not obscured.

Unedifying

UNED'IFYING, adjective Not edifying; not improving to the mind.

Atterbury.

Uneducated

UNED'UCATED, adjective Not educated; illiterate.

Uneffaced

UNEFFA'CED, adjective Not effaced; not obliterated.

Cheyne.

Uneffectual

UNEFFECT'UAL, adjective Ineffectual. [The latter is the word now used.]

Unelastic

UNELAS'TIC, adjective Not elastic; not having the property of recovering its original state, when bent or forced out of its form.

Unelated

UNELA'TED, adjective Not elated; not puffed up.

Unelbowed

UNEL'BOWED, adjective Not attended by any at the elbow.

Pope.

Unelected

UNELECT'ED,adjective Not elected; not chosen; not preferred.

Shak.

Unelegant

UNEL'EGANT, adjective Not elegant. [Not used.] [See Inelegant.]

Uneligible

UNEL'IGIBLE, adjective Not proper to be chosen; ineligible. [The latter is the word now used.]

Unemancipated

UNEMAN'CIPATED, noun Not emancipated or liberated from slavery.

Unembalmed

UNEMB`ALMED, adjective Not embalmed.

Unembarrassed

UNEMBAR'RASSED, adjective Not embarrassed; not perplexed in mind; not confused.The speaker appeared unembarrassed.

2. Free from pecuniary difficulties or incumbrances. He or his property is unembarrassed.

3. Free from perplexing connection; as, the question comes before the court unembarrassed with irrelevant matter.

Unembittered

UNEMBIT'TERED, adjective Not embittered; not aggravated.

Roscoe.

Unembodied

UNEMBOD'IED, adjective Free from a corporeal body; as unembodied spirits.

Elliott.

2. Not embodied; not collected into a body; as unembodied militia.

Smollett.

Unemphatic

UNEMPHAT'IC, adjective Having no emphasis.

Unemployed

UNEMPLOY'ED, adjective Not employed; not occupied; not busy; at leisure; not engaged.

Addison.

2. Not being in use; as unemployed capital or money.

Unempowered

UNEMPOW'ERED, adjective Not empowered or authorized.

Unemptiable

UNEMP'TIABLE, adjective Not to be emptied; inexhaustible. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Unemulating

UNEM'ULATING, adjective Not emulating; not striving to excel.

Ruffhead.

Unenchanted

UNENCH`ANTED, adjective Not enchanted; that cannot be enchanted.

Milton.

Unencumber

UNENCUM'BER, verb transitive To free from incumbrance.

Unencumbered

UNENCUM'BERED, participle passive Disengaged from incumbrance.

2. adjective Not encumbered; not burdened.

Unendowed

UNENDOW'ED, adjective Not endowed; not furnished; not invested; as a man unendowed with virtues.

2. Not furnished with funds; as an unendowed college or hospital.

Unenduring

UNENDU'RING, adjective Not lasting; of temporary duration.

Dwight.

Unenervated

UNEN'ERVATED, adjective Not enervated or weakened.

Beattie.

Unengaged

UNENGA'GED, adjective Not engaged; not bound by covenant or promise; free from obligation to a particular person; as, a lady is unengaged.

2. Free from attachment that binds; as, her affections are unengaged.

3. Unemployed; unoccupied; not busy.

4. Not appropriated; as unengaged revenues. [We generally say, unappropriated revenue or money.]

Unengaging

UNENGA'GING, adjective Not adapted to engage or win the attention or affections; not inviting.

Unenjoyed

UNENJOY'ED, adjective Not enjoyed; not obtained; not possessed.

Dryden.

Unenjoying

UNENJOY'ING, adjective Not using; having no fruition.

Creek.

Unenlarged

UNENL`ARGED, adjective Not enlarged; narrow.

Watts.

Unenlightened

UNENLIGHTENED, adjective Not enlightened; not illuminated.

Atterbury.

Unenslaved

UNENSLA'VED, adjective Not enslaved; free.

Addison.

Unentangle

UNENTAN'GLE, verb transitive To free from complication or perplexity; to disentangle.

Donne.

Unentangled

UNENTAN'GLED, participle passive Disentangled.

2. adjective Not entangled; not complicated; not perplexed.

Unenterprising

UNEN'TERPRISING, adjective Not enterprising; not adventurous.

Unentertaining

UNENTERTA'INING, adjective Not entertaining or amusing; giving no delight.

Pope.

Unentertainingness

UNENTERTA'ININGNESS, noun The quality of being unentertaining or dull.

Unenthralled

UNENTHRALL'ED, adjective Not enslaved; not reduced to thralldom.

Unentombed

UNENTOMBED, adjective Not buried; not interred.

Dryden.

Unenvied

UNEN'VIED, adjective Not envied; exempt from the envy of others.

Unenvious

UNEN'VIOUS, adjective Not envious; free from envy.

Unepitaphed

UNEP'ITAPHED, adjective Having no epitaph.

Pollok.

Unequable

UNE'QUABLE, adjective Different from itself; different at different times; not uniform; diverse; as unequable motions; unequable months or seasons.

Bentley.

Unequal

UNE'QUAL, adjective [Latin inoequalis.] Not equal; not even; not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c.; as men of unequal stature; houses of unequal dimensions.

2. Not equal in strength, talents, acquirements, &c.; inferior.

3. Not equal in age or station; inferior.

4. Insufficient; inadequate. His strength is unequal to the task.

5. Partial; unjust; not furnishing equivalents to the different parties; as an unequal peace; an unequal bargain.

6. Disproportioned; ill matched.

Against unequal arms to fight in pain.

Milton.

7. Not regular; not uniform; as unequal pulsations.

Dryden.

8. In botany, having the parts not corresponding in size, but in proportion only, as a corol; rugged, not even or smooth, as the surface of a leaf or stem.

Martyn. Cyc.

An unequal leaf, is when the two halves, separated by the mid-rib, are unequal in dimensions, and their bases not parallel; called also an oblique leaf.

Smith. Cyc.

Unequalable

UNE'QUALABLE, adjective Not to be equaled.

Boyle.

Unequaled

UNE'QUALED, adjectiveNot to be equaled; unparalleled; unrivaled; in a good or bad sense; as unequaled excellence; unequaled ingratitude or baseness.

Unequally

UNE'QUALLY, adverb Not equally; in different degrees; in disproportion to each other.

2. Not with like sentiments, temper or religious opinions or habits. 2 Corinthians 6.

Unequalness

UNE'QUALNESS, noun State of being unequal; inequality.

Temple.

Unequitable

UNEQ'UITABLE, adjective Not equitable; not just.

2. Not impartial. [Inequitable is generally used.]

Unequivocal

UNEQUIV'OCAL, adjective Not equivocal; not doubtful; clear; evident; as unequivocal evidence.

2. Not ambiguous; not of doubtful signification; not admitting different interpretations; as unequivocal words or expressions.

Unequivocally

UNEQUIV'OCALLY, adverb Without doubt; without room to doubt; plainly; with full evidence.

Unerrable

UNER'RABLE, adjective Incapable of erring; infallible.

Sheldon.

Unerrableness

UNER'RABLENESS, noun Incapacity of error.

Decay of Piety.

Unerring

UNER'RING, adjective Committing no mistake; incapable of error; as the unerring wisdom of God.

2. Incapable of failure; certain. He takes unerring aim.

Unerringly

UNER'RINGLY, adverb Without mistake.

Glanville.

Uneschewable

UNESCHEW'ABLE, adjective Unavoidable. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Unespied

UNESPI'ED, adjective Not espied; not discovered; not seen.

Dryden.

Unessayed

UNESSA'YED, adjective Not essayed; unattempted.

Milton.

Unessential

UNESSEN'TIAL, adjective Not essential; not absolutely necessary; not of prime importance.

2. Not constituting the essence.

3. Void of real being; as unessential night.

Milton.

Unessential

UNESSEN'TIAL, noun Something not constituting essence, or not of absolute necessity.

Forms are among the unessentials of religion.

Unestablish

UNESTAB'LISH, verb transitive To unfix; to deprive of establishment. [Little used.]

Milton.

Unestablished

UNESTAB'LISHED, adjective Not established; not permanently fixed.

Unevangelical

UNEVANGEL'ICAL, adjective Not orthodox; not according to the gospel.

Milner.

Uneven

UNEVEN, a. une'vn. Not even; not level; as an uneven road or way; uneven ground.

Addison.

2. Not equal; not of equal length.

Hebrews 5erse consists of uneven feet.

Peacham.

3. Not uniform; as an uneven temper.

Unevenly

UNE'VENLY, adverb In an uneven manner.

Unevenness

UNE'VENNESS, noun Surface not level; inequality of surface; as the unevenness of ground or of roads.

Ray.

2. Turbulence; change; want of uniformity; as the unevenness of king Edward's reign. [Unusual.]

Hale.

3. Want of uniformity; as unevenness of temper.

4. Want of smoothness.

Unevitable

UNEV'ITABLE, adjective Not to be escaped; unavoidable. [The word now used is inevitable.]

Unexact

UNEXACT', adjective Not exact. [See Inexact, which is generally used.]

Unexacted

UNEXACT'ED, adjective Not exacted; not taken by force.

Dryden.

Unexaggerated

UNEXAG'GERATED, adjective Not exaggerated.

Buckminster.

Unexaggerating

UNEXAG'GERATING, adjective Not enlarging in description.

Unexaminable

UNEXAM'INABLE, adjective Not to be examined or inquired into.

Milton.

Unexamined

UNEXAM'INED, adjective Not examined; not interrogated strictly; as a witness.

2. Not inquired into; not investigated; as a question.

3. Not discussed; not debated.

Unexampled

UNEXAM'PLED, adjective Having no example or similar case; having no precedent; unprecedented; unparalleled; as the unexampled love and sufferings of our Savior.

Unexceptionable

UNEXCEP'TIONABLE, adjective Not liable to any exception or objection; unobjectionable; an unexceptionable conduct; unexceptionable testimony.

Unexceptionableness

UNEXCEP'TIONABLENESS, noun State or quality of being unexceptionable.

More.

Unexceptionably

UNEXCEP'TIONABLY, adverb In a manner liable to no objection; as a point unexceptionably proved.

Unexcised

UNEXCI'SED, a. s as z. Not charged with the duty of excise.

Unexcited

UNEXCI'TED, adjective Not excited; not roused.

Brown.

Unexcogitable

UNEXCOG'ITABLE, adjective Not to be found out. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

Unexcommunicated

UNEXCOMMU'NICATED, adjective Not excommunicated.

Scott.

Unexcusable

UNEXCU'SABLE, a. s as z. Not excusable. [We now use inexcusable.]

Unexcusableness

UNEXCU'SABLENESS, noun Inexcusableness, which see.

Unexecuted

UNEX'ECUTED, adjective Not performed; not done; as a task, business or project unexecuted.

2. Not signed or sealed; not having the proper attestations or forms that give validity; as a contract or deed unexecuted.

Unexemplary

UNEX'EMPLARY, adjective Not exemplary; not according to example.

Swift.

Unexemplified

UNEXEM'PLIFIED, adjective Not exemplified; not illustrated by example.

Boyle.

Unexempt

UNEXEMPT', adjective Not exempt; not free by privilege.

Milton.

Unexercised

UNEX'ERCISED, a. s as z. Not exercised; not practiced; not disciplined; not experienced.

Dryden.

Unexerted

UNEXERT'ED, adjective Not called into action; not exerted.

Brown.

Unexhausted

UNEXHAUST'ED, adjective Not exhausted; not drained to the bottom, or to the last article.

Addison.

2. Not spent; as unexhausted patience or strength.

Unexistent

UNEXIST'ENT, adjective Not existing.

Brown.

Unexorcised

UNEX'ORCISED, a. s as z. Not exorcised; not cast out by exorcism.

Unexpanded

UNEXPAND'ED, adjective Not expanded; not spread out.

Blackmore.

Unexpectation

UNEXPECTA'TION, noun Want of foresight. [Not in use.]

Bp. Hall.

Unexpected

UNEXPECT'ED, adjective Not expected; not looked for; sudden; not provided against.

Hooker.

Unexpectedly

UNEXPECT'EDLY, adverb At a time or in a manner not expected or looked for; suddenly.

Unexpectedness

UNEXPECT'EDNESS, noun The quality of being unexpected, or of coming suddenly and by surprise.

Watts.

Unexpectorating

UNEXPEC'TORATING, adjective Not expectorating; not discharging from the throat or lungs.

Unexpedient

UNEXPE'DIENT, adjective Not expedient. [But inexpedient is the word now used.]

Unexpended

UNEXPEND'ED, adjective Not expended; not laid out. There is an unexpended balance of the appropriation.

Unexpensive

UNEXPENS'IVE, adjective Not expensive; not costly.

Milton.

Unexperienced

UNEXPE'RIENCED, adjective Not experienced; not versed; not acquainted by trial or practice.

Dryden.

2. Untried; applied to things. [Unusual.]

Cheyne.

Unexpert

UNEXPERT', adjective Wanting skill; not ready or dextrous in performance.

Prior.

Unexpired

UNEXPI'RED, adjective Not expired; not ended.

Unexplainable

UNEXPLA'INABLE, adjective That cannot be explained.

Med. Repos.

Unexplored

UNEXPLO'RED,adjective Not explored; not searched or examined by the eye; unknown.

2. Not examined intellectually.

Unexposed

UNEXPO'SED, a. s as z. Not laid open to view; concealed.

R. German Harper.

2. Not laid open to censure.

Unexpounded

UNEXPOUND'ED, adjective Not expounded; not explained.

Unexpressed

UNEXPRESS'ED, adjective Not expressed; not mentioned or named; not exhibited.

Unexpressible

UNEXPRESS'IBLE, adjective That cannot be expressed. [But inexpressible is the word now used.]

Unexpressive

UNEXPRESS'IVE, adjective Not having the power of expressing.

2. Inexpressible; unutterable.

Shak.

Unextended

UNEXTEND'ED, adjective Occupying no assignable space; having no dimensions; as a spiritual, an unextended substance.

Locke.

Unextinct

UNEXTINCT', adjective Not extinct; not being destroyed; not having perished.

Unextinguishable

UNEXTIN'GUISHABLE, adjective That cannot be extinguished; unquenchable; as unextinguishable fire.

2. That cannot be annihilated or repressed; as an unextinguishable thirst for knowledge. [But inextinguishable is more generally used.]

Unextinguishably

UNEXTIN'GUISHABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that precludes extinction.

Johnson.

Unextinguished

UNEXTIN'GUISHED, adjective Not extinguished; not quenched; not entirely repressed.

Dryden.

Unextirpated

UNEX'TIRPATED, adjective Not extirpated; not rooted out.

Unextorted

UNEXTORT'ED, adjective Not extorted; not wrested.

Unextracted

UNEXTRACT'ED, adjective Not extracted or drawn out.

Unfaded

UNFA'DED, adjective Not faded; not having lost its strength of color.

2. Unwithered; as a plant.

Dryden.

Unfading

UNFA'DING, adjective Not liable to lose strength or freshness of coloring.

2. Not liable to wither; as unfading laurels.

Pope.

Unfadingness

UNFA'DINGNESS, noun The state or quality of being unfading.

Hall.

Unfailable

UNFA'ILABLE, adjective That cannot fail. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Unfailableness

UNFA'ILABLENESS, noun The quality of being unfailable. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Unfailing

UNFA'ILING, adjective Not liable to fail; not capable of being exhausted; as an unfailing spring; unfailing sources of supply.

2. That does not fail; certain; as an unfailing promise.

Unfailingness

UNFA'ILINGNESS, noun The state of being unfailing.

Hall.

Unfainting

UNFA'INTING, adjective Not fainting; not sinking; not failing under toil.

Sandys.

Unfair

UNFA'IR, adjective Not honest; not impartial; disingenuous; using trick or artifice; as an unfair dealer.

2. Not honest; not just; not equal; as unfair practices.

3. Proceeding from trick or dishonesty; as unfair advantages.

Unfairly

UNFA'IRLY, adverb Not in a just or equitable manner.

Parnell.

Unfairness

UNFA'IRNESS, noun Dishonest or disingenuous conduct or practice; use of trick or artifice; applied to persons. He is noted for his unfairness in dealing.

2. Injustice; want of equitableness; as the unfairness of a proceeding.

Unfaithful

UNFA'ITHFUL, adjective Not observant of promises, vows, allegiance or duty; violating trust or confidence; treacherous; perfidious; as an unfaithful subject; an unfaithful husband or wife; and unfaithful servant; an unfaithful bailee or agent.

2. Not performing the proper duty.

My feet through wine unfaithful to their weightÃ‚--

Pope.

3. Impious; infidel.

Milton.

4. Negligent of duty; as an unfaithful workman.

Unfaithfully

UNFA'ITHFULLY, adverb In violation of promises, vows or duty; treacherously; perfidiously.

Bacon.

2. Negligently; imperfectly; as work unfaithfully done.

Unfaithfulness

UNFA'ITHFULNESS, noun Neglect or violation of vows, promises, allegiance or other duty; breach of confidence or trust reposed; perfidiousness; treachery; as the unfaithfulness of a subject to his prince or the state; the unfaithfulness of a husband to his wife, or of a wife to her husband; the unfaithfulness of an agent, servant or officer.

Unfalcated

UNFAL'CATED, adjectiveNot curtailed; having no deductions.

Swift.

Unfallen

UNFALL'EN, adjective Not fallen.

Young.

Unfallowed

UNFAL'LOWED, adjective Not fallowed.

Philips.

Unfamiliar

UNFAMIL'IAR, adjective Not accustomed; not common; not rendered agreeable by frequent use.

Warton.

Unfamiliarity

UNFAMILIAR'ITY, noun Want of familiarity.

Johnson.

Unfashionable

UNFASH'IONABLE, adjective Not fashionable; not according to the prevailing mode; as unfashionable dress or language.

2.Not regulating dress or manners according to the reinging custom; as an unfashionable man.

Unfashionableness

UNFASH'IONABLENESS, noun Neglect of the prevailing mode; deviation from reinging custom.

Locke.

Unfashionably

UNFASH'IONABLY, adverb Not according to the fashion; as, to be unfashionably dressed.

Unfashioned

UNFASH'IONED, adjective Not modified by art; amorphous; shapeless; not having a regular form; as a lifeless lump unfashioned.

Dryden. Good.

Unfast

UNF`AST, adjective Not safe; not secure.

Unfasten

UNF`ASTEN, verb transitive To loose; to unfix; to unbind; to untie.

Unfastened

UNF`ASTENED, participle passive Loosed; untied; unfixed.

Unfathered

UNF`ATHERED, adjective Fatherless.

Shak.

Unfatherly

UNF`ATHERLY, adjective Not becoming a father; unkind.

Cowper.

Unfathomable

UNFATH'OMABLE, adjective That cannot be sounded by a line; as an unfathomable lake.

Addison.

2. So deep or remote that the limit or extent cannot be found. The designsof Providence are often unfathomable.

Unfathomableness

UNFATH'OMABLENESS, noun The state of being unfathomable.

Norris.

Unfathomably

UNFATH'OMABLY, adverb So as not to be capable of being sounded.

Thomson.

Unfathomed

UNFATH'OMED, adjective Not sounded; not to be sounded.

Dryden.

Unfatigued

UNFATIGUED,a. unfatee'ged. Not wearied; not tired.

Philips.

Unfaulty

UNFAULT'Y, adjective Free from fault; innocent.

Milton.

Unfavorable

UNFA'VORABLE, adjective Not favorable; not propitious; not disposed or adapted to countenance or support. We found the minister's opinion unfavorable to our project. The committee made a report unfavorable to the petitioner.

2. Not propitious; not adapted to promote any object; as weather unfavorable for harvest.

3. Not kind; not obliging.

4. Discouraging; as unfavorableprospects.

Unfavorableness

UNFA'VORABLENESS, noun Unpropitiousness; unkindness; want of disposition to countenance or promote.

Unfavorably

UNFA'VORABLY, adverb Unpropitiously; unkindly; so as not to countenance, support or promote; in a manner to discourage.

Unfavored

UNFA'VORED, adjective Not favored; not assisted.

Goldsmith.

Unfeared

UNFE'ARED, adjective Not affrighted; not daunted. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

2. Not feared; not dreaded.

Milton.

Unfeasible

UNFE'ASIBLE, a. s as z. That cannot be done; impracticable.

Unfeathered

UNFEATH'ERED, or UNFETH'ERED, adjective Having no fethers; unfledged; implumous; naked of fethers.

Dryden.

Unfeatured

UNFE'ATURED, adjective Wanting regular features; deformed.

Visage rough,

Deform'd, unfeatur'd.

Dryden.

Unfed

UNFED', adjective Not fed; not supplied with food.

Spenser.

Unfeed

UNFEE'D, adjective Not feed; not retained by a fee.

2. Unpaid; as an unfeed lawyer.

Shak.

Unfeeling

UNFEE'LING, adjective Insensible; void of sensibility.

2. Cruel; hard.

Unfeelingly

UNFEE'LINGLY, adverb In an unfeeling or cruel manner.

Unfeelingness

UNFEE'LINGNESS, noun Insensibility; hardness of heart; cruelty.

Darwin.

Unfeigned

UNFEIGNED, adjective Not feigned; not counterfeit; not hypocritical; real; sincere; as unfeigned piety to God; unfeigned love to man.

Unfeignedly

UNFEIGNEDLY, adverb Without hypocrisy; really; sincerely.

He pardoneth all them that trulyrepent, and unfeignedly believe his holy gospel.

Com. Prayer.

Unfelicitating

UNFELIC'ITATING, adjective Not producing felicity. [Unusual.]

J. Lathrop.

Unfellowed

UNFEL'LOWED, adjective Not matched.

Unfelt

UNFELT', adjective Not felt; not perceived.

Dryden.

Unfence

UNFENCE, v. t. unfens'. To strip of fence; to remove a fence from.

South.

Unfenced

UNFEN'CED, participle passive Deprived of a fence.

2. adjective Not fenced; not inclosed; defenseless; as a tract of land unfenced.

Unfermented

UNFERMENT'ED, adjective Not fermented; not having undergone the process of fermentation; as liquor.

2. Not leavened; as bread.

Unfertile

UNFER'TILE, adjective Not fertile; not rich; not having the qualities necessary to the production of good crops.

2. Barren; unfruitful; bare; waste.

3. Not profilic.

[This word is not obsolete, but in infertile is much used instead of it.]

Unfetter

UNFET'TER, verb transitive To loose from fetters; to unchain; to unshackle.

2. To free from restraint; to set at liberty; as, tounfetter the mind.

Unfettered

UNFET'TERED, participle passive Unchained, unshackled; led; freed from restraint.

2. adjective Not restrained.

Unfettering

UNFET'TERING, participle of the present tense Unchaining; setting free from restraint.

Unfigured

UNFIG'URED, adjective Representing no animal form.

Wotton.

Unfilial

UNFIL'IAL, adjective Unsuitable to a son or child; undutiful; not becoming a child.

Shak.

Unfilled

UNFILL'ED, adjective Not filled; not fully supplied.

Taylor.

Unfinished

UNFIN'ISHED, adjective Not finished; not complete; not brought to an end; imperfect; wanting the last hand or touch; as an unfinishedhouse; an unfinished painting.

Dryden.

Unfired

UNFI'RED, adjective Not fired; not inflamed.

Unfirm

UNFIRM', adjective [See Firm.] Not firm; weak; feeble; infirm.

[Note. When we speak of the weakness of the human frame, we use infirm. When we speak of the weakness of other things, as a bridge, wall and the like, we say, it is unfirm.]

2. Not stable; not well fixed.

With feet unfirm.

Dryden.

Unfirmness

UNFIRM'NESS, noun A weak state; instability.

Unfit

UNFIT', adjective Not fit; improper; unsuitable.

Milton.

2. Unqualified; as a man unfit for an office.

Unfit

UNFIT', verb transitive To disable; to make unsuitable; to deprive of the strength, skill or proper qualities for any thing. Sickness unfits a man for labor.

2.To disqualify; to deprive of the moral or mental qualities necessary for any thing. Sin unfits us for the society of holy beings.

Unfitly

UNFIT'LY,adverb Not properly; unsuitably.

Unfitness

UNFIT'NESS, noun Want of suitable powers or qualifications, physical or moral; as the unfitness of a sick man for labor, or of an ignorant man for office; the unfitness of sinners for the enjoyments of heaven.

2. Want of propriety or adaptation to character or place; as unfitness of behavior or of dress.

Unfitted

UNFIT'TED, participle passive Rendered unsuitable; disqualified.

Unfitting

UNFIT'TING, participle of the present tense Rendering unsuitable; disqualifying.

2. adjective Improper; unbecoming.

Unfix

UNFIX', verb transitive To loosen from any fastening; to detach from any thing that holds; to unsettle; to unhinge; as, tounfix the mind or affections.

2. To make fluid; to dissolve.

Not can the rising sunUnfix their frosts.

Dryden.

Unfixed

UNFIX'ED, participle passive Unsettled; loosened.

2. adjective Wandering; erratic; inconstant; having no settled habitation.

3. Having no settled view or object of pursuit.

Unfixing

UNFIX'ING, participle of the present tense Unsettling; loosening.

Unflagging

UNFLAG'GING, adjective Not flagging; not drooping; maintaining strength or spirit.

South.

Unflattered

UNFLAT'TERED, adjective Not flattered.

Young.

Unflattering

UNFLAT'TERING, adjective Not flattering; not gratifying with obsequious behavior; not coloring the truth to please.

2. Not affording a favorable prospect; as, the weather is unflattering.

Unfledged

UNFLEDG'ED, adjective Not yet furnished with fethers; implumous; as an unfledged bird.

2. Young; not having attained to full growth.

Shak.

Unfleshed

UNFLESH'ED, adjective Not fleshed; not seasoned to blood; raw; as an unfleshed hound; unfleshed valor.

Shak.

Unfoiled

UNFOIL'ED, adjective Not vanquished; not defeated.

Temple.

Unfold

UNFOLD, verb transitive To open folds; to expand; to spread out.

2. To open any thing covered or close; to lay open to view or contemplation; to disclose; to reveal; as, to unfold one's designs; to unfold the principles of a science.

3. To declare; to tell; to disclose.

Unfold the passion of my love.

Shak.

4. To display; as, to unfold the works of creation.

5. To release from a fold or pen; as, to unfold sheep.

Shak.

Unfolded

UNFOLDED, participle passive Opened; expanded; revealed; displayed; released from a fold.

Unfolding

UNFOLDING, participle of the present tense Opening; expanding; disclosing; displaying; releasing from a fold.

Unfolding

UNFOLDING, noun The act of expanding, displaying or disclosing; disclosure.

Unfool

UNFOOL', verb transitive To restore from folly. [Not in use.]

Unforbearing

UNFORBEARING, adjective Not forbearing.

Unforbid

UNFORBID', or UNFORBID'DEN, adjective Not forbid; not prohibited; applied to persons.

Milton.

2. Allowed; permitted; legal; applied to things.

Unforbiddenness

UNFORBID'DENNESS, noun The state of being unforbidden. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Unforced

UNFORCED, adjective Not forced; not compelled; not constrained.

Dryden.

2. Not urged or impelled.

Donne.

3. Not feigned; not hightened; natural; as unforced passions; unforced expressions of joy.

4. Not violent; easy; gradual; as an easy and unforced ascent.

Denham.

5. Easy; natural; as an unforced posture.

Unforcible

UNFORCIBLE, adjective Wanting force or strength; as an unforcible expression.

Hooker.

Unfordable

UNFORDABLE, adjective Not fordable; that cannot be forded, or passed by wading; as an unfordable river.

Whitaker.

Unforeboding

UNFOREBO'DING, adjective Giving no omens.

Pope.

Unforeknown

UNFOREKNOWN, adjective Not previously known or foreseen.

Milton.

Unforeseeable

UNFORESEE'ABLE, adjective That cannot be foreseen. [A bad word and not in use.]

South.

Unforeseen

UNFORESEE'N, adjective Not foreseen; not foreknown.

Dryden.

Unforeskinned

UNFO'RESKINNED,adjective Circumcised. [Bad.]

Milton.

Unforetold

UNFORETOLD, adjective Not predicted.

Unforewarned

UNFOREWARN'ED, adjective [See Warn.] Not previously warned or admonished.

Unforfeited

UNFOR'FEITED, adjective Not forfeited.

Rogers.

Unforgiven

UNFORGIV'EN, adjective Not forgiven; not pardoned.

Unforgiving

UNFORGIV'ING, adjective Not forgiving; not disposed to overlook or pardon offenses; implacable.

Dryden.

Unforgot

UNFORGOT', or UNFORGOT'TEN, adjective Not forgot; not lost to memory.

Knolles.

2. Not overlooked; not neglected.

Unform

UNFORM', verb transitive To destroy; to unmake; to decompose or resolve into parts.

Good.

Unformed

UNFORM'ED, adjective Not molded into regular shape; as unformed matter.

Spectator.

Unforsaken

UNFORSA'KEN,adjective Not forsaken; not deserted;not entirely neglected.

Unfortified

UNFOR'TIFIED, adjective Not fortified; not secured from attack by walls or mounds.

Pope.

2. Not guarded; not strengthened against temptations or trials; weak; exposed; defenseless; as an unfortified mind.

3. Wanting securities or means of defense.

Collier.

Unfortunate

UNFOR'TUNATE, adjective Not successful; not prosperous; as an unfortunate adventure; an unfortunate voyage; unfortunate attempts; an unfortunate man; an unfortunate commander; unfortunate business.

Unfortunately

UNFOR'TUNATELY, adverb Without success; unsuccessfully; unhappily. The scheme unfortunately miscarried.

Unfortunateness

UNFOR'TUNATENESS, noun Ill luck; ill fortune; failure of success.

Sidney.

Unfostered

UNFOS'TERED, adjective Not fostered; not nourished.

2. Not countenanced by favor; not patronized.

Unfought

UNFOUGHT, a. unfaut'. Not fought.

Knolles.

Unfouled

UNFOUL'ED, adjective Not fouled; not polluted; not soiled; not corrupted; pure.

Young.

Unfound

UNFOUND', adjective Not found; not met with.

Dryden.

Unfounded

UNFOUND'ED, adjective Not founded; not built or established.

2. Having no foundation; vain; idle; as unfounded expectations.

Unframable

UNFRA'MABLE, adjective Not to be framed or molded. [Not in use.]

Hooker.

Unframableness

UNFRA'MABLENESS, noun The quality of not being framable. [Not in use.]

Sanderson.

Unframed

UNFRA'MED, adjective Not framed; not fitted for erection; as unframed timber.

2. Not formed; not constructed; not fashioned.

Dryden.

Unfraternal

UNFRATERN'AL, adjective Not brotherly.

Unfree

UNFREE', adjective Not free; as unfree peasants.

Tooke.

Unfrequency

UNFRE'QUENCY, noun The state of being unfrequent.

Cowper.

Unfrequent

UNFRE'QUENT, adjective Not frequent; not common; not happening often; infrequent.

Brown.

Unfrequent

UNFRE'QUENT, verb transitive To cease to frequent. [Not in use.]

Philips.

Unfrequented

UNFRE'QUENTED, adjective Rarely visited; seldom resorted to by human beings; as an unfrequented place or forest.

Addison.

Unfrequently

UNFRE'QUENTLY, adverb Not often; seldom.

Brown.

Unfriable

UNFRI'ABLE, adjective Not easily crumbled.

Paley.

Unfriended

UNFRIENDED, a. unfrend'ed. Wanting friends; not countenanced or supported.

Shak.

Unfriendliness

UNFRIEND'LINESS, noun Want of kindness; disfavor.

Boyle.

Unfriendly

UNFRIEND'LY, adjective Not friendly; not kind or benevolent; as an unfriendly neighbor.

2. Not favorable; not adapted to promote or support any object; as weather unfriendly to health.

Unfrock

UNFROCK', verb transitive To divest.

Hurd.

Unfrozen

UNFRO'ZEN, adjective Not frozen; not congealed.

Boyle.

Unfrugal

UNFRU'GAL, adjective Not frugal; not saving or economical.

UnfrÃ¼Itful

UNFRÃƒ-œITFUL, adjective Not producing fruit; barren; as an unfruitful tree.

2. Not producing offspring; not prolific; barren; as an unfruitful female.

3. Not producing good effects or works; as an unfruitful life.

4. Unproductive; not fertile; as an unfruitful soil.

UnfrÃ¼Itfulness

UNFRÃƒ-œITFULNESS, noun Barrenness; infecundity; unproductiveness; applied to persons or things.

Unfrustrable

UNFRUS'TRABLE, adjective That cannot be frustrated.

Edwards.

Unfulfilled

UNFULFILL'ED, adjective Not fulfilled; not accomplished; as a prophecy or prediction unfulfilled.

Unfumed

UNFU'MED, adjective Not fumigated.

2. Not exhaling smoke; not burnt.

Milton.

Unfunded

UNFUND'ED, adjective Not funded; having no permanent funds for the payment of its interest; as an unfunded debt.

Hamilton.

Unfurl

UNFURL', verb transitive To looseand unfold; to expand; to open or spread; as, to unfurl sails.

Unfurled

UNFURL'ED, participle passive Unfolded; expanded.

Unfurling

UNFURL'ING, participle of the present tense Unfolding; spreading.

Unfurnish

UNFUR'NISH, verb transitive To strip of furniture; to divest; to strip.

2. To leave naked.

Shak.

Unfurnished

UNFUR'NISHED, adjective Not furnished; not supplied with furniture; as an unfurnished room or house.

2. Unsupplied with necessaries or ornaments.

3. Empty; not supplied.

Unfused

UNFU'SED, a. s as z. Not fused; not melted.

Unfusible

UNFU'SIBLE, a. s as z. Infusible. [The latter word is generally used.]

Ungainable

UNGA'INABLE, adjective That cannot be gained. [Little used.]

Pierce.

Ungainful

UNGA'INFUL, adjective Unprofitable; not producing gain.

Hall.

Ungainly

UNGA'INLY, adjective [Saxon ungoegne.]Not expert or dextrous; clumsy; awkward; uncouth; as an ungainly strut in walking.

Swift.

[I believe ungain is not used.]

Ungalled

UNGALL'ED, adjective Unhurt; not galled.

Shak.

Ungarnished

UNG`ARNISHED, adjective Not garnished or furnished; unadorned.

Ungarrisoned

UNGAR'RISONED, adjective Not garrisoned; not furnished with troops for defense.

Ungartered

UNG`ARTERED, adjective Beingwithout garters.

Shak.

Ungasthered

UNGASTH'ERED, adjective Not gathered; not cropped; not picked.

Dryden.

Ungear

UNGE'AR, verb transitive To unharness; to strip of gear.

Ungeared

UNGE'ARED, participle passive Unharnessed.

Ungearing

UNGE'ARING, participle of the present tense Stripping of harness or gear.

Ungenerated

UNGEN'ERATED, adjective Having no beginning; unbegotten.

Raleigh.

Ungenerative

UNGEN'ERATIVE, adjective Begetting nothing.

Shak.

Ungenerous

UNGEN'EROUS, adjective Not of a noble mind; not liberal; applied to persons; as an ungenerous man or prince.

2. Not noble; not liberal; applied to things; as an ungenerous act.

Pope.

3. Dishonorable; ignominious.

The victor never will impose on Cato

Ungen'rous terms.

Addison.

Ungenerously

UNGEN'EROUSLY, adverb Unkindly; dishonorably.

Ungenial

UNGE'NIAL, adjective Not favorable to nature or to natural growth; as ungenial air; ungenial soils.

Sullen seas that wash th' ungenial pole.

Thomson.

Ungenteel

UNGENTEE'L, adjective Not genteel; used of persons; not consistent with polite manners or good breeding; used of manners.

Ungenteelly

UNGENTEE'LLY, adverb Uncivilly; not with good manners.

Ungentle

UNGEN'TLE, adjective Not gentle; harsh; rude.

Shak.

Ungentlemanlike

UNGEN'TLEMANLIKE, adjective Not like a gentleman.

Chesterfield.

Ungentlemanly

UNGEN'TLEMANLY, adjective Not becoming a gentleman.

Ungentleness

UNGEN'TLENESS, noun Want of gentleness; harshness; severity; rudeness.

Tusser.

2. Unkindness; incivility.

Shak.

Ungently

UNGEN'TLY, adverb Harshly; with severity; rudely.

Shak.

Ungeometrical

UNGEOMET'RICAL, adjective Not agreeable to the rules of geometry.

Cheyne.

Ungifted

UNGIFT'ED, adjective Not gifted; not endowed with peculiar faculties.

Arbuthnot.

Ungilded

UNGILD'ED, or UNGILT', adjective Not gilt; not overlaid with gold.

Ungird

UNGIRD', verb transitive [See Gird.] To loose from a girdle or band; to unbind. Genesis 24.

Ungirded

UNGIRD'ED, participle passive Loosed from a girth or band.

Ungirding

UNGIRD'ING, participle of the present tense Loosing from a girdle or band.

Ungirt

UNGIRT', participle passive Unbound.

2. adjective Loosely dressed.

Waller.

Ungiving

UNGIV'ING, adjective Not bringing gifts.

Dryden.

Unglazed

UNGLA'ZED, adjective Not furnished with glass; as, the windows are unglazed; the house is yet unglazed.

2. Wanting glass windows.

3. Not covered with vitreous matter; as unglazed potters' ware.

Unglorified

UNGLO'RIFIED, adjective Not glorified; not honored with praise or adoration.

Unglorious

UNGLO'RIOUS, adjective Not glorious; bringing no glory or honor.

J. Lathrop.

Unglove

UNGLOVE, verb transitive To take off the gloves. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Ungloved

UNGLOVED, adjective Having the hand naked. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Unglue

UNGLUE, verb transitive To separate any thing that is glued or cemented.

Swift.

Unglued

UNGLU'ED, participle passive Loosed from glue or cement.

Ungluing

UNGLU'ING, participle of the present tense Separating what is cemented.

Ungod

UNGOD', verb transitive To divest of divinity.

Dryden.

Ungodlily

UNGOD'LILY, adverb Impiously; wickedly.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Ungodliness

UNGOD'LINESS, noun Impiety; wickedness; disregard of God and his commands, and neglect of his worship; or any positive act of disobedience or irreverence.

The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness. Romans 1.

Ungodly

UNGOD'LY, adjective Wicked; impious; neglecting the fear and worship of God, or violating his commands. 1 Peter 4.

2. Sinful; contrary to the divine commands; as ungodly deeds. Jude 4.

3. Polluted by wickedness; as an ungodly day.

Shak.

Ungored

UNGO'RED, adjective Not gored; not wounded with a horn.

2. Not wounded.

Ungorged

UNGORG'ED, adjective Not gorged; not filled; not sated.

Dryden.

Ungot

UNGOT', or UNGOT'TEN, adjective Not gained.

2. Not begotten.

Shak.

Ungovernable

UNGOVERNABLE, adjective That cannot be governed; that cannot be ruled or restrained.

2.Licentious; wild; unbridled; as ungovernable passions.

Atterbury.

Ungovernably

UNGOVERNABLY, adverb So as not to be governed or restrained.

Goldsmith.

Ungoverned

UNGOVERNED, adjective Not being governed.

2. Not subjected to laws or principles; not restrained or regulated; unbridled; licentious; as ungoverned appetite; ungoverned passions.

Ungowned

UNGOWN'ED, adjective Not having or not wearing a gown.

Pollok.

Ungraceful

UNGRA'CEFUL, adjective Not graceful; not marked with ease and dignity; wanting beauty and elegance; as ungraceful manners. Without politeness, learning is ungraceful.

Locke. Addison.

Ungracefully

UNGRA'CEFULLY, adverb Awkwardly; inelegantly.

Ungracefulness

UNGRA'CEFULNESS, noun Want of gracefulness; want of ease and dignity; want of elegance; awkwardness; as ungracefulness of manners.

Ungracious

UNGRA'CIOUS, adjective Wicked; odious; hateful.

Shak. Dryden.

2. Offensive; unpleasing; as ungracious manners.

3. Unacceptable; not well received; not favored.

Any thing of grace towards the Irish rebels was as ungracious at Oxford as at London.

Clarendon.

Ungraciously

UNGRA'CIOUSLY, adverb With disfavor.The proposal was received ungraciously.

2. Not in a pleasing manner.

Ungrammatical

UNGRAMMAT'ICAL, adjective Not according to the established and correct rules of grammar.

Ungrammatically

UNGRAMMAT'ICALLY, adverb In a manner contrary to the rules of grammar.

Ungranted

UNGR`ANTED, adjective Not granted; not bestowed; not transferred by deed or gift; as ungranted lands.

U. States. Hamilton.

2. Not granted; not yielded; not conceded in argument.

Ungrate

UNGRA'TE, adjective Not agreeable; ungrateful. [Not in use.]

Taylor. Swift.

Ungrateful

UNGRA'TEFUL, adjective Not grateful; not feeling thankful for favors.

2. Not making returns, or making ill returns for kindness.

South.

3. Making no returns for culture; as an ungrateful soil.

4. Unpleasing; unacceptable.Harsh sounds are ungrateful to the ear.

Ungratefully

UNGRA'TEFULLY, adverb With ingratitude.

Wake.

2. Unpleasingly; unacceptably.

Ungratefulness

UNGRA'TEFULNESS,noun Ingratitude; want of due feelings of kindness for favors received; ill return for good.

2. Disagreeableness; unpleasing quality.

Ungratified

UNGRAT'IFIED, adjective Not gratified; not compensated.

2. Not pleased.

3. Not indulged; as ungratified appetite.

Ungravely

UNGRA'VELY, adverb Without gravity or seriousness.

Ungrounded

UNGROUND'ED, adjective Having no foundation or support; as ungrounded hopes or confidence.

Ungroundedly

UNGROUND'EDLY, adverb Without ground or support; without reason.

Ray.

Ungroundedness

UNGROUND'EDNESS, noun Want of foundation or support.

Steele.

Ungrudging

UNGRUDG'ING, adjective Not grudging; freely giving.

Ungrudgingly

UNGRUDG'INGLY, adverb Without ill will; heartily; cheerfully; as, to bestow charity ungrudgingly.

Unguarded

UNGU`ARDED, adjective Not guarded; not watched.

2. Not defended; having no guard.

3. Careless; negligent; not attentive to danger; not cautious; as, to be unguarded in conversation.

4. Negligently said or done; not done or spoken with caution; as an unguarded expression or action.

Unguardedly

UNGU`ARDEDLY, adverb Without watchful attention to danger; without caution: carelessly; as, to speak or promise unguardedly.

Unguent

UN'GUENT, noun [Latin unguentum,from ungo, to anoint.]

Ointment; a soft composition used as a topical remedy, as for sores, burns and the like.An unguent is stiffer than a liniment. but softer than a cerate.

Cyc.

Unguentous

UNGUENT'OUS, adjective Like unguent, or partaking of its qualities.

Unguessed

UNGUESS'ED, adjective [See Guess.]Not obtained by guess or conjecture.

Spenser.

Unguestlike

UNGUEST'LIKE, adjective [See Guest.] Not becoming a guest.

Milton.

Unguicular

UNGUIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin unguis, the nail.] Inbotany, of the length of the human nails, or half an inch.

Lee. Martyn.

Unguiculate

UNGUIC'ULATE, or UNGUICULATED, adjective [Latin unguis, a claw.] Clawed; having claws.

Encyc.

2. In botany, clawed; having a narrow base; as the petal in a polypetalous corol.

Martyn.

Unguided

UNGUI'DED, adjective Not guided; not led or conducted.

2. Not regulated.

Unguilty

UNGUILTY, a. ungilt'y. Not guilty; not stained with crime; innocent.

Spenser.

Unguinous

UN'GUINOUS, adjective [Latin unguinosus.] Oily; unctuous; consisting of fat or oil, or resembling it.

Forster, North. Voyages.

Ungula

UN'GULA, noun [Latin a hoof.] In geometry, a section or part of a cylinder, cut off by a plane oblique to the base.

Ungulate

UN'GULATE, adjective Shaped like a hoof.

Unhabitable

UNHAB'ITABLE, adjective [French inhabitable; Latin inhabitabilis, inhabito.]

That cannot be inhabited by human beings; uninhabitable. [The latter word is generally used.]

Unhabituated

UNHABIT'UATED, adjective Not habituated; not accustomed.

Tooke.

Unhacked

UNHACK'ED, adjective Not hacked; not cut, notched or mangled.

Shak.

Unhackneyed

UNHACK'NEYED, adjective Not hackneyed; not much used or practiced.

Unhale

UNHA'LE, adjective Unsound; not entire; not healthy.

Unhallow

UNHAL'LOW, verb transitive To profane; to desecrate.

The vanity unhallows the virtue.

L'Estrange.

Unhallowed

UNHAL'LOWED, participle passive Profaned; deprived of its sacred character.

2. adjective Profane; unholy; impure; wicked.

Milton. Dryden.

In the cause of truth, no unhallowed violenceÃ‚--is either necessary or admissible.

E. Dutch Griffin.

Unhand

UNHAND', verb transitive To loose from the hand; to let go.

Shak.

Unhandily

UNHAND'ILY, adverb Awkwardly; clumsily.

Unhandiness

UNHAND'INESS, noun Want of dexterity; clumsiness.

Unhandled

UNHAND'LED, adjective Not handled; not treated; not touched.

Shak.

Unhandsome

UNHAND'SOME, adjective Ungraceful; not beautiful.

I cannot admit that there is any thing unhandsome or irregular in the globe.

Woodward.

2. Unfair; illiberal; disingenuous.

3. Uncivil; unpolite.

Unhandsomely

UNHAND'SOMELY, adverb Inelegantly; ungracefully.

2. Illiberally; unfairly.

3. Uncivilly; unpolitely.

Unhandsomeness

UNHAND'SOMENESS, noun Want of beauty and elegance.

2. Unfairness; disingenuousness.

3. Incivility.

Unhandy

UNHAND'Y, adjective Not dextrous; not skillful; not ready in the use of the hands; awkward; as a person unhandy at his work.

2. Not convenient; as an unhandy posture for writing.

Unhang

UNHANG', verb transitive To divest or strip of hangings, as a room.

2. To take from the hinges; as, to unhang a gate.

Unhanged

UNHANG'ED, or UNHUNG', adjective Not hung upon a gallows; not punished by hanging.

Shak.

Unhap

UNHAP', noun Ill'luck; misfortune. [Not in use.]

Sidney.

Unhappied

UNHAP'PIED, adjective Made unhappy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unhappily

UNHAP'PILY, adverb Unfortunately; miserably; calamitously.

Milton.

Unhappiness

UNHAP'PINESS, noun Misfortune; ill luck.

Burnet.

2. Infelicity; misery.

It is our great unhappiness, when any calamities fall upon us, that we are uneasy and dissatisfied.

Wake.

[But it usually expresses less than misery or wretchedness.]

3. Mischievous prank. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unhappy

UNHAP'PY, adjective Unfortunate; unlucky. He has been unhappy in his choice of a partner.Affairs have taken an unhappy turn.

2. Not happy; in a degree miserable or wretched.She is unhappy in her marriage.Children sometimes render their parents unhappy.

3. Evil; calamitous; marked by infelicity; as anunhappy day.

This unhappy morn.

Milton.

4. Mischievous; irregular.

Shak.

Unharassed

UNHAR'ASSED, adjective Not harassed; not vexed or troubled.

Trumbull.

Unharbor

UNH`ARBOR, verb transitive To drive from harbor or shelter.

Unharbored

UNH`ARBORED, adjective Not sheltered, or affording no shelter.

Milton.

Unhardened

UNH`ARDENED, adjective Not hardened; not indurated; as metal.

2. Not hardened; not made obdurate; as the heart.

Shak.

Unhardy

UNH`ARDY, adjective Not hardy; feeble; not able to endure fatigue.

2. Not having fortitude; not bold; timorous.

Milton.

Unharmed

UNH`ARMED, adjective Unhurt; uninjured; unimpaired.

Locke.

Unharmful

UNH`ARMFUL, adjective Not doing harm; harmless; innoxious.

Themselves unharmful, let them live unharm'd.

Dryden.

Unharmonious

UNHARMO'NIOUS, adjective Not having symmetry or congruity; disproportionate.

Milton.

2. Discordant; unmusical; jarring; as sounds.

Swift.

Unharmoniously

UNHARMO'NIOUSLY, adverb With jarring; discordantly.

Unharness

UNH`ARNESS, verb transitive To strip of harness; to loose from harness or gear.

2. To disarm; to divest of armor.

Unhatched

UNHATCH'ED, adjective Not hatched; not having left the egg.

2. Not matured and brought to light; not disclosed.

Unhazarded

UNHAZ'ARDED, adjective Not hazarded; not put in danger; not exposed to loss; not adventured.

Milton.

Unhead

UNHEAD, v. t. unhed'. To take out the head of; as, to unhead a cask.

Unheaded

UNHEADED, pp. unhed'ed. Having the head taken out.

Unheading

UNHEADING, ppr. unhead'ing. Taking out the head of.

Unhealthful

UNHEALTHFUL, a. unhealth'ful. Not healthful; injurious to health; insalubrious; unwholesome; noxious; as an unhealthful climate or air.

2. Abounding with sickness or disease; sickly; as an unhealthful season.

Unhealthfulness

UNHEALTHFULNESS, n. unhelth'fulness.

1. Unwholesomeness; insalubriousness; noxiousness to health.

2. The state of being sickly; as the unhealthfulness of the autumn.

Unhealthily

UNHEALTHILY, adv. unhelth'ily. In an unwholesome or unsound manner.

Milton.

Unhealthiness

UNHEALTHINESS, n. unhelth'iness.Want of health; habitual weakness or indisposition; applied to persons.

2. Unsoundness; want of vigor; as the unhealthiness of trees or other plants.

3. Unfavorableness to health; as the unhealthiness of a climate.

Unhealthy

UNHEALTHY, a. unhelth'y.Wanting health; wanting a sound and vigorous state of body; habitually weak or indisposed; as an unhealthy person.

2. Unsound; wanting vigor of growth; as an unhealthy plant.

3. Sickly; abounding with disease; as an unhealthy season or city.

4. Insalubrious; unwholesome; adapted to generate diseases; as an unhealthy climate or country.

5. Morbid; not indicating health.

Unheard

UNHE'ARD, adjective Not heard; not perceived by the ear.

Milton.

2. Not admitted to audience.

What pangs I feel, unpitied and unheard!

Dryden.

3. Not known in fame; not celebrated.

Nor was his name unheard.

Milton.

4. Unheard of; obscure; not known by fame.

Granville.

Unheard of, new; unprecedented.

Swift.

Unheart

UNHE`ART, verb transitive To discourage; to depress; to dishearten. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unheated

UNHE'ATED, adjective Not heated; not made hot.

Boyle'.

Unhedged

UNHEDG'ED, adjective Not hedged; not surrounded by a hedge.

Unheeded

UNHEE'DED, adjective Not heeded; disregarded; neglected.

The world's great victor passed unheeded by.

Pope.

Unheedful

UNHEE'DFUL, adjective Not cautious; inattentive; careless.

Beaum.

Unheeding

UNHEE'DING, adjective Not heeding; careless; negligent.

Dryden.

Unheedy

UNHEE'DY, adjective Precipitate; sudden.

Spenser.

Unhele

UNHE'LE, verb transitive To uncover. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Unhelmed

UNHELM'ED, adjective Having no helm.

Pollok.

Unhelped

UNHELP'ED, adjective Unassisted; having no aid or auxiliary; unsupported.

Dryden.

Unhelpful

UNHELP'FUL, adjective Affording no aid.

Shak.

Unhesitating

UNHES'ITATING, adjective Not hesitating; not remaining in doubt; prompt; ready.

Eclec. Review.

Unhesitatingly

UNHES'ITATINGLY, adverb Without hesitation or doubt.

Unhewn

UNHEWN', adjective Not hewn; rough.

Dryden.

Unhidebound

UNHI'DEBOUND, adjective Lax of maw; capacious. [Not used.]

Milton.

Unhindered

UNHIN'DERED, adjective Not hindered; not opposed; exerting itself freely.

S. Clarke.

Unhinge

UNHINGE, verb transitive unhinj'. To take from the hinges; as, to unhinge a door.

2. To displace; to unfix by violence.

Blackmore.

3. To unfix; to loosen; to render unstable or wavering; as, to unhinge the mind; to unhinge opinions.

Unhoard

UNHOARD, verb transitive To steal from a hoard; to scatter.

Unholiness

UNHO'LINESS, noun Want of holiness; an unsanctified state of the heart.

2. Impiety; wickedness; profaneness.

Raleigh.

Unholy

UNHO'LY, adjective Not holy; not renewed and sanctified. 2 Timothy 3.

2. Profane; not hallowed; not consecrated; common. Hebrews 10.

3. Impious; wicked.

4. Not ceremonially purified. Leviticus 10.

Unhonest

UNHON'EST, adjective [See Honest.]Dishonest; dishonorable. Obs.

Ascham.

Unhonored

UNHON'ORED, adjective [See Honor.] Not honored; not regarded with veneration; not celebrated.

Dryden.

Unhook

UNHOOK', verb transitive To loose from a hook.

Unhoop

UNHOOP', verb transitive To strip of hoops.

Addison.

Unhoped

UNHO'PED, adjective Not hoped for; not so probable as to excite hope.

With unhop'd success.

Dryden.

Unhoped for, unhoped, as above.

Unhopeful

UNHO'PEFUL, adjective Such as leaves no room to hope.

Boyle.

Unhorned

UNHORN'ED, adjective Havingno horns.

Tooke.

Unhorse

UNHORSE, verb transitive unhors'.To throw from a horse; to cause to dismount.

Shak.

Unhorsed

UNHORS'ED, participle passive Thrown from a horse.

Dryden.

Unhorsing

UNHORS'ING, participle of the present tense Throwing from a horse; dismounting.

Unhospitable

UNHOS'PITABLE, adjective Not kind to strangers. [But inhospitable is the word now used.]

Unhostile

UNHOS'TILE, adjective Not belonging to a public enemy.

Philips.

Unhouse

UNHOUSE, verb transitive unhouz'.To drive from the house or habitation; to dislodge.

Milton.

2. To deprive of shelter.

Unhoused

UNHOUS'ED, participle passive Driven from a house or habitation.

Shak.

2. adjective Wanting a house; homeless.

Shak.

3. Having no settled habitation.

Shak.

4. Destitute of shelter or cover.Cattle in severe weather should not be left unhoused.

Unhouseled

UNHOUS'ELED, a. s as z. Not having received the sacrament.

Shak.

Unhuman

UNHU'MAN, adjective Inhuman. [But inhuman is the word used.]

Unhumanize

UNHU'MANIZE, verb transitive To render inhuman or barbarous.

J. Barlow.

Unhumbled

UNHUM'BLED, adjective Not humbled; not affected with shame or confusion; not contrite in spirit.

Milton.

2. In theology, not having the will and the natural enmity of the heart to God and his law, subdued.

Unhurt

UNHURT', adjective Not hurt; not harmed; free from wound or injury.

Dryden.

Unhurtful

UNHURT'FUL, adjective Not hurtful; harmless; innoxious.

Shak.

Unhurtfully

UNHURT'FULLY, adverb Without harm; harmlessly.

Pope.

Unhusbanded

UNHUS'BANDED, a. s as z. Deprived of support; neglected.

Browne.

2. Not managed with frugality.

Unhusked

UNHUSK'ED, adjective Not being stripped of husks.

Unicapsular

:UNICAP'SULAR, adjective [Latin unus, one,and capsula, chest.]

Having one capsule to each flower, as a pericarp.

Martyn.

Unicorn

:UNICORN, noun [Latin unicornis; unus, one, and cornu, horn.]

1. An animal with one horn; the monoceros.This name is often applied to the rhinoceros.

2. The sea unicorn is a fish of the whale kind, called narwal, remarkable for a horn growing out at his nose.

Cyc.

3. A fowl.

Grew.

Fossil unicorn, or fossil unicorn's horn, a substance used in medicine, a terrene crustaceous spar.

Cyc.

Unicornous

:UNICORN'OUS, adjective Having only one horn.

Brown.

Unideal

UNIDE'AL, adjective Not ideal; real.

Johnson.

Uniflorous

:UNIF'LOROUS,adjective [Latin unus, one, and flos, flower.]

Bearing one flower only; as a uniflorous peduncle.

Martyn.

Uniform

:U'NIFORM, adjective [Latin uniformis; unus, one, and forma, form.]

1. Having always the same form or manner; not variable.Thus we say, the dress of the Asiatics is uniform, or has been uniform from early ages.Sowe say, it is the duty of a christian to observe a uniform course of piety and religion.

2.Consistent with itself; not different; as, one's opinions on a particular subject have been uniform.

3. Of the same form with others; consonant; agreeing with each other; conforming to one rule or mode.

How far churches are bound to be uniform in their ceremonies, is doubted.

Hooker.

4. Having the same degree or state; as uniform temperature.

Uniform motion.The motion of a body is uniform, when it passes over equal spaces in equal times.

Dutch Olmsted.

Uniform matter, is that which is all of the same kind and texture.

Cyc.

Uniform

:UNIFORM, noun The particular dress of soldiers, by which one regiment or company is distinguished from another, or a soldier from another person.We say, the uniform of a company of militia, the uniform of the artillery or matross companies, the uniform of a regiment, &c. This dress is called a uniform, because it is alike among all the soldiers.

Uniformity

:UNIFORM'ITY, noun Resemblance to itself at all times; even tenor; as the uniformity of design in a poem.

2. Consistency; sameness; as the uniformity of aman's opinions.

3. Conformity to a pattern or rule; resemblance, consonance or agreement; as the uniformity of different churches in ceremonies or rites.

4. Similitude between the parts of a whole; as the uniformity of sides in a regular figure.Beauty is said to consist in uniformity with variety.

Cyc.

5. Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness.

Uniformity must tire at last, though it is a uniformity of excellence.

Johnson.

Act of uniformity, in England, the act of parliament by which the form of public prayers, administration of sacraments and other rites, is prescribed to be observed in all the churches. 1 Eliz. and 13 and 14 Car. 11.

Uniformly

:U'NIFORMLY, adverb With even tenor; without variation; as a temper uniformly mild.

2. Without diversity of one from another.

Unigeniture

:UNIGEN'ITURE, noun [Latin unigenitus; unus and genitus.]

The state of being the only begotten.

Unigenous

:UNIG'ENOUS, adjective [Latin unigena.] Of one kind; of the samegenus.

Kirwan.

Unilabiate

:UNILA'BIATE, adjective In botany, having one lip only, as a corol.

Martyn. Asiat. Res.

Unilateral

:UNILAT'ERAL, adjective [Latin unus, one, and latus, side.]

1. Being on one side or party only. [Unusual.]

2. Having one side.

A unilateral raceme, is when the flowers grow only on one side of the common peduncle.

Martyn.

Uniliteral

:UNILIT'ERAL, adjective [Latin unus, one, and litera, letter.] Consisting of one letter only.

Unilluminated

UNILLU'MINATED, adjective Not illuminated: not enlightened; dark.

2. Ignorant.

Unillustrated

UNILLUS'TRATED, adjective Not illustrated; not made plain.

Good.

Unilocular

:UNILOC'ULAR, adjective [Latin unus, one, and loculus, cell.]

Having one cell only; as a unilocular pericarp.

Unimaginable

UNIMAG'INABLE, adjective Not to be imagined; not to be conceived.

Tillotson.

Unimaginably

UNIMAG'INABLY, adverb To a degree not to be imagined.

Boyle.

Unimagined

UNIMAG'INED, adjective Not imagined; not conceived.

Unimbued

UNIMBU'ED, adjective Not imbued; not tinctured.

Drake.

Unimitable

UNIM'ITABLE, adjective That cannot be imitated. [But the word now used is inimitable.]

Unimitated

UNIM'ITATED, adjective Not imitated.

Johnson.

Unimmortal

UNIMMOR'TAL, adjective Not immortal; perishable.

Milton.

Unimpairable

UNIMPA'IRABLE, adjective Not liable to waste or diminution.

Hakewill.

Unimpaired

UNIMPA'IRED, adjective Not impaired; not diminished; not enfeebled by time or injury; as an unimpaired constitution.

Unimpassioned

UNIMPAS'SIONED, adjective Not endowed with passions.

Thomson.

2. Free from passion; calm; not violent; as an unimpassioned address.

Unimpeachable

UNIMPE'ACHABLE, adjective That cannot be impeached; that cannot be accused; free from stain, guilt or fault; as an unimpeachable reputation.

2. That cannot be called in question; as an unimpeachable claim or testimony.

Unimpeached

UNIMPE'ACHED, adjective Not impeached; not charged or accused; fair; as an unimpeached character.

2. Not called in question; as testimony unimpeached.

Unimpeded

UNIMPE'DED, adjective Not impeded; not hindered.

Rawle.

Unimplicated

UNIM'PLICATED, adjective Not implicated; not involved.

Mitford.

Unimplied

UNIMPLI'ED, adjective Not implied; not included by fair inference.

Madison.

Unimplored

UNIMPLO'RED, adjective Not implored; not solicited.

Milton.

Unimportant

UNIMPORT'ANT, adjective Not important; not of great moment.

2. Not assuming airs of dignity.

Pope.

Unimportuned

UNIMPORTU'NED, adjective Not importuned; not solicited.

Unimposing

UNIMPO'SING, a. s as z. Not imposing; not commanding respect.

2. Not enjoining as obligatory; voluntary.

Thomson.

Unimpregnated

UNIMPREG'NATED, adjective Not impregnated.

Unimpressive

UNIMPRESS'IVE, adjective Not impressive; not forcible; not adapted to affect or awaken the passions.

Beddoes.

Unimprovable

UNIMPROVABLE, adjective Not capable of improvement, melioration or advancement to a better condition.

Rambler.

2. Incapable of being cultivated or tilled.

Wolcott.

Unimprovableness

UNIMPROVABLENESS, noun The quality of being not improvable.

Hammond.

Unimproved

UNIMPROVED, adjective Not improved; not made better or wiser; not advanced in knowledge, manners or excellence.

Rawle. Pope. Glanville.

2. Not used for a valuable purpose. How many advantages unimproved have we to regret!

3. Not used; not employed.

Hamilton. Ramsay.

4. Not tilled; not cultivated; as unimproved land or soil; unimproved lots of ground.

Laws of Penn. Franklin. Ramsay.

5. Uncensured; not disapproved.[This sense, from the Latin improbo, is entirely obsolete.]

Unimproving

UNIMPROVING, adjective Not improving; not tending to advance or instruct.

Johnson.

Unimputable

UNIMPU'TABLE, adjective Not imputable or chargeable to.

Uninchanted

UNINCH`ANTED, adjective Not enchanted; not affected by magic or enchantment; not haunted. [Usually unenchanted.]

Unincreasable

UNINCRE'ASABLE, adjective Admitting no increase. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Unincumbered

UNINCUM'BERED, adjective Not incumbered; not burdened.

2. Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from mortgage, or other charge or debt; as an estate unincumbered with dower.

Unindebted

UNINDEBT'ED, adjective Not indebted.

2. Not borrowed. [Unusual.]

Young.

Unindifferent

UNINDIF'FERENT, adjective Not indifferent; not unbiased; partial; leaning to one party.

Hooker.

Unindorsed

UNINDORS'ED, adjective Not indorsed; not assigned; as an unindorsed note or bill.

Unindustrious

UNINDUS'TRIOUS, adjective Not industrious; not diligent in labor, study or other pursuit.

Decay of Piety.

Uninfected

UNINFECT'ED, adjective Not infected; not contaminated or affected by foul infectious air.

2. Not corrupted.

Uninfectious

UNINFEC'TIOUS, adjective Not infectious; not foul; not capable of communicating disease.

Uninflamed

UNINFLA'MED, adjective Not inflamed; not set on fire.

Bacon.

2. Not highly provoked.

Uninflammable

UNINFLAM'MABLE, adjective Not inflammable; not capable of being set on fire.

Boyle.

Uninfluenced

UNIN'FLUENCED, adjective Not influenced; not persuaded or moved by others, or by foreign considerations; not biased; acting freely.

2. Not proceeding from influence, bias or prejudice; as uninfluenced conduct or actions.

Uninformed

UNINFORM'ED, adjective Not informed; not instructed; untaught.

Milton.

2. Unanimated; not enlivened.

Spectator.

Uninforming

UNINFORM'ING, adjective Not furnishing information; uninstructive.

Mitford.

Uningenious

UNINGE'NIOUS, adjective Not ingenious; dull.

Burke.

Uningenuous

UNINGEN'UOUS, adjective Not ingenuous; not frank or candid; disingenuous.

Decay of Piety.

Uninhabitable

UNINHAB'ITABLE, adjective Not inhabitable; that in which men cannot live; unfit to be the residence of men.

Raleigh.

Uninhabitableness

UNINHAB'ITABLENESS, noun The state of being uninhabitable.

Uninhabited

UNINHAB'ITED, adjective Not inhabited by men; having no inhabitants.

Swift.

Uninitiated

UNINI'TIATED, adjective Not initiated.

Uninjured

UNIN'JURED, adjective Not injured; not hurt; suffering no harm.

Milton.

Uninquisitive

UNINQUIS'ITIVE, a. s as z. Not inquisitive; not curious to search and inquire.

Warton.

Uninscribed

UNINSCRI'BED, adjective Not inscribed; having no inscription.

Pope.

Uninspired

UNINSPI'RED, adjective Not having received any supernatural instruction or illumination.

Locke.

Uninstructed

UNINSTRUCT'ED, adjective Not instructed or taught; not educated.

2. Not directed by superior authority; not furnished with instructions.

Uninstructive

UNINSTRUCT'IVE, adjective Not instructive; not conferring improvement.

Addison.

Uninsulated

UNIN'SULATED, adjective Not insulated; not being separated or detached from every thing else.

Ure.

Uninsured

UNINSU'RED, adjective [See Sure.] Not insured; not assured against loss.

Unintelligent

UNINTEL'LIGENT, adjective Not having reason or consciousness; not possessing understanding.

Bentley.

2. Not knowing; not skillful; dull.

Locke.

Unintelligibility

UNINTELLIGIBIL'ITY, nounThe quality of being not intelligible.

Burnet.

Unintelligible

UNINTEL'LIGIBLE, adjective Not intelligible; that cannot be understood.

Swift.

Unintelligibly

UNINTEL'LIGIBLY, adverb In a manner not to be understood.

Unintended

UNINTEND'ED, adjective Not intended; not designed.

Locke.

Unintentional

UNINTEN'TIONAL, adjective Not intentional; not designed; done or happening without design.

Boyle.

Unintentionally

UNINTEN'TIONALLY, adverb Without design or purpose.

Uninterested

UNIN'TERESTED, adjective Not interested; not having any interest or property in; having nothing at stake; as, to be uninterested in any business or calamity.

2. Not having the mind or the passions engaged; as, to be uninterested in a discourse or narration.

Uninteresting

UNIN'TERESTING, adjective Not capable of exciting an interest, or of engaging the mind or passions; as an uninteresting story or poem.

Unintermission

UNINTERMIS'SION, noun Defect or failure of intermission.

Parker.

Unintermitted

UNINTERMIT'TED, adjective Not intermitted; not interrupted; not suspended for a time; continued.

Hale.

Unintermitting

UNINTERMIT'TING, adjective Not intermitting; not ceasing for a time; continuing.

Unintermittingly

UNINTERMIT'TINGLY, adverb Without cessation; continually.

Mitford.

Unintermixed

UNINTERMIX'ED, adjective Not intermixed; not mingled.

Uninterpolated

UNIN'TERPOLATED,adjective Not interpolated; not inserted at a time subsequent to the original writing.

Uninterrupted

UNINTERRUPT'ED, adjective Not interrupted; not broken.

Addison.

2. Not disturbed by intrusion or avocation.

Uninterruptedly

UNINTERRUPT'EDLY, adverb Without interruption; without disturbance.

Unintrenched

UNINTRENCH'ED, adjective Not intrenched; not defended by intrenchments.

Pope.

Unintricated

UNIN'TRICATED, adjective Not perplexed; not obscure or intricate. [Not in use.]

Hammond.

Unintroduced

UNINTRODU'CED, adjective Not introduced; not properly conducted; obtrusive.

Young.

Uninured

UNINU'RED, adjective Not inured; not hardened by use or practice.

Philips.

Uninvented

UNINVENT'ED, adjective Not invented; not found out.

Milton.

Uninvested

UNINVEST'ED, adjective Not invested; not clothed.

Dwight.

2. Not converted into some species of property less fleeting than money; as money uninvested.

Hamilton.

Uninvestigable

UNINVES'TIGABLE, adjective That cannot be investigated or searched out.

Ray.

Uninvidious

UNINVID'IOUS, adjective Not invidious.

Uninvited

UNINVI'TED, adjective Not invited; not requested; not solicited.

Philips.

Union

:U'NION, noun [French union; Italian unione; Latin unio, to unite, from unus, one.]

1. The act of joining two or more things into one, and thus forming a compound body or a mixture; or the junction or coalition of things thus united. Union differs from connection, as it implies the bodies to be in contact, without an intervening body; whereas things may be connected by the intervention of a third body, as by a cord or chain.

One kingdom, joy and union without end.

Milton.

2. Concord; agreement and conjunction of mind, will, affections or interest. Happy is the family where perfect union subsists between all its members.

3. The junction or united existence of spirit and matter; as the union of soul and body.

4. Among painters, a symmetry and agreement between the several parts of a painting.

Cyc.

5. In architecture, harmony between the colors in the materials of a building.

Cyc.

6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the combining or consolidating of two or more churches into one. This cannot be done without the consent of the bishop, the patron, and the incumbent.Union is by accession, when the united benefice becomes an accessory of the principal; by confusion, where the two titles are suppressed, and a new one created, including both; and by equality, where the two titles subsist, but are equal and independent.

Cyc.

7. States united. Thus the United States of America are sometimes called the Union.

Marshall. Hamilton.

8. A pearl. [Latin unio.] [Not in use.]

Union, or Act of union, the act by which Scotland was united to England, or by which the two kingdoms were incorporated into one, in 1707.

Legislative union, the union of Great Britain and Ireland, in 1800.

Union by the first intention, in surgery, the process by which the opposite surfaces of recent wounds grow together and unite withoutsuppuration, when they are kept in contact with each other; the result of a wonderful self-healing power in living bodies.

Cyc.

Uniparous

:UNIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin unus, one, and pario, to bear.]Producing one at a birth.

Brown.

Uniradiated

:UNIRA'DIATED, adjective Having one ray.

Encyc.

Unirritated

:UNIR'RITATED, adjective Not irritated; not fretted.

2. Not provoked or angered.

Unirritating

UNIR'RITATING, adjective Not irritating or fretting.

2. Not provoking.

3. Not exciting.

Beddoes.

Unison

:U'NISON, noun [Latin unus, one, and sonus, sound.]

1. In music, an accordance or coincidence of sounds, proceeding from an equality in the number of vibrations made in a given time by a sonorous body. If two chords of the same matter have equal length, thickness and tension, they are said to be in unison, and their sounds will be in unison.Sounds of very different qualities and force may be in unison; as the sound of a bell may be in unison with a sound of a flute.Unison then consists in sameness of degree, or similarity in respect to gravity or acuteness, and is applicable to any sound, whether of instruments or of the human organs, &c.

2. A single unvaried note.

Pope.

In unison, in agreement; in harmony.

Unison

:U'NISON, adjective Sounding alone.

Sounds intermix'd with voice, Choral or unison.

Unisonance

:UNIS'ONANCE, noun Accordance of sounds.

What constitutes unisonance is the equality of the number of vibrations of two sonorous bodies, in equal times.

Cyc.

Unisonant

:UNIS'ONANT, adjective Being in unison; having the same degree of gravity or acuteness.

Unisonous

:UNIS'ONOUS, adjective Being in unison.

Busby.

Unit

:U'NIT, noun [Latin unus, one; unitas, unity.]

1. One; a word which denotes a single thing or person; the least whole number.

Units are the integral parts of any large number.

Watts.

2. In mathematics, any known determinate quantity, by the constant repetition of which, any other quantity of the same kind is measured. [See Unity.]

Dutch Olmsted.

Unitarian

:UNITA'RIAN, noun [Latin unitus, unus.] One who denies the doctrine of the trinity, and ascribes divinity to God the Father only. The Arian and Socinian are both comprehended in the term Unitarian.

Unitarian

:UNITA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Unitarians, or to the doctrine of the unity of the Godhead.

Unitarianism

:UNITA'RIANISM, noun The doctrines of Unitarians, who contend for the unity of the Godhead, in opposition to the Trinitarians, and who of course deny the divinity of Christ.

Unite

:UNI'TE, verb transitive [Latin unio, unitus; French Spanish unir; Italian unire.]

1. To put together or join two or more things, which make one compound or mixture. Thus we unite the parts of a building to make one structure. The kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland united, form one empire. So we unite spirit and water and other liquors. We unite strands to make a rope.The states of North America united, form one nation.

2. To join; to connect in a near relation or alliance; as, to unite families by marriage; to unite nations by treaty.

3. To make to agree or be uniform; as, to unite a kingdom in one form of worship; to unite men in opinions.

Clarendon.

4. To cause to adhere; as, to unite bricks or stones by cement.

5. To join in interest or fellowship. Genesis 49.

6. To tie; to splice; as, to unite two cords or ropes.

7. To join in affection; to make near; as, to unite hearts in love.

To unite the heart, to cause all its powers and affections to join with order and delight in the same objects. Psalm 86.

Unite

:UNI'TE, verb intransitive To join in an act; to concur; to act in concert. All parties united in petitioning for a repeal of the law.

2. To coalesce; to be cemented or consolidated; to combine; as, bodies unite by attraction or affinity.

3. To grow together, as the parts of a wound.

The spur of a young cock grafted into the comb, will unite and grow.

Duhamel.

4. To coalesce, as sounds.

5. To be mixed. Oil and water will not unite.

United

:UNI'TED, participle passive Joined; made to agree; cemented; mixed; attached by growth.

United flowers, are such as have the stamens and pistils in the same flower.

Cyc.

Uniter

:UNI'TER, noun The person or thing that unites.

Uniting

:UNI'TING, participle of the present tense Joining; causing to agree; consolidating; coalescing; growing together.

Unition

:UNI'TION, noun Junction; act of uniting. [Not in use.]

Wiseman.

Unitive

:U'NITIVE, adjective Having the power of uniting. [Not used.]

Norris.

Unity

:U'NITY, noun [Latin unitas.]The state of being one; oneness. Unity may consist of a simple substance or existing being, as the soul; but usually it consists in a close junction of particles or parts, constituting a body detached from other bodies. Unity is a thing undivided itself, but separate from every other thing.

School Philosophy.

2. Concord; conjunction; as a unity of proofs.

Shak.

3. Agreement; uniformity; as unity of doctrine; unity of worship in a church.

Hooker.

4. In christian theology, oneness of sentiment, affection or behavior.

How good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! Psalm 133.

5. In mathematics, the abstract expression for any unit whatsoever. The number 1 is unity, when it is not applied to any particular object; but a unit, when it is so applied.

Dutch Olmsted.

6. In poetry, the principle by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of representation is preserved.In the drama, there are three unities; the unity of action, that of time, and that of place.In the epic poem, the great and almost only unity is that of action.

7. In music, such a combination of parts as to constitute a whole; or a kind of symmetry of style and character.

Rousseau.

8. In law, the properties of a joint estate are derived from its unity, which is fourfold; unity of interest, unity of litle, unity of time, and unity of possession; in other words, joint-tenants have one and the same interest, accruing by one and the same conveyance, commencing at the same time, and held by one and the same undivided possession.

Blackstone.

9. In law, unity of possession, is a joint possession of two rights by several titles, as when a man has a lease of land upon a certain rent, and afterwards buys the fee simple.This is a unity of possession, by which the lease is extinguished.

Unity of faith, is an equal belief of the same truths of God, and possession of the grace of faith in like form and degree.

Brown.

Unity of spirit, is the oneness which subsists between Christ and his saints, by which the same spirit dwells in both, and both have the same disposition and aims; and it is the oneness of christians among themselves, united under the same head, having the same spirit dwelling in them, and possessing the same graces, faith, love, hope, &c.

Brown.

Univalve

:U'NIVALVE, adjective [Latin unus, one, and valvoe.]Having one value only, as a shell or pericarp.

Univalve

:U'NIVALVE, noun A shell having one valve only. The univalves form one of the three divisions into which shells are usually divided.

Linne.

Univalvular

:UNIVALV'ULAR, adjective Having one valve only; as a univalvular pericarp or shell.

Martyn. Cyc.

Universal

:UNIVERS'AL, adjective [Latin universalis; unus and versor.]

1. All; extending to or comprehending the whole number, quantity or space; as universal rain; universal good; universal benevolence.

The universal cause

Acts not by partial, but by general laws.

Pope.

2. Total; whole.

From harmony, from heav'nly harmony,

This universal frame began.

Dryden.

3. Comprising all the particulars; as universal kinds.

Davies.

4. In botany, a universal umbel, is a primary or general umbel; the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel; opposed to partial.A universal involucre is placed at the foot of a universal umbel.

Martyn.

Universal instrument, is one which measures all kinds of distances, lengths, &c.; as the pantometer or holometer.

Cyc.

Universal dial, is a dial by which the hour may be found by the sun in any part of the world, or under any elevation of the pole.

Universal proposition.[See the Noun.]

Cyc.

Universal

:UNIVERS'AL, noun [See the Adjective.] In logic, a universal is complex or incomplex. A complex universal, is either a universal proposition, as ``every whole is greater than its parts,' or whatever raises a manifold conception in the mind, as the definition of a reasonable animal.

An incomplex universal, is what produces one conception only in the mind, and is a simple thing respecting many; as human nature, which relates to every individual in which it is found.

Cyc.

2. The whole; the general system of the universe. [Not in use.]

Universalism

:UNIVERS'ALISM, noun In theology, the doctrine or belief that all men will be saved or made happy in a future life.

Universalist

:UNIVERS'ALIST, noun One who holds the doctrine that all men will be saved.

Universality

:UNIVERSAL'ITY, noun The state of extending to the whole; as the universality of a proposition; the universality of sin; the universality of the deluge.

Woodward.

Universally

:UNIVERS'ALLY, adverb With extension to the whole; in a manner to comprehend all; without exception.Air is a fluid universally diffused. God's laws are universally binding on his creatures.

[NOTE.Ã‚--Universal and its derivatives are used in common discourse for general.This kind of universality is by the schoolmen called moral, as admitting of some exceptions, in distinction from metaphysical, which precludes all exceptions.]

Universalness

:UNIVERS'ALNESS, noun Universality.

Universe

:U'NIVERSE, noun [French univers; Latin universitas.]

The collective name of heaven and earth, and all that belongs to them; the whole system of created things; the of the Greeks, and the mundus of the Latins.

University

:UNIVERS'ITY, noun An assemblage of colleges established in any place, with professors for instructing students in the sciences and other branches of learning, and where degrees are conferred.A university is properly a universal school, in which are taught all branches of learning, or the four faculties of theology, medicine, law, and the sciences and arts.

Cyc.

Univocal

:UNIV'OCAL, adjective [Latin unus, one, and vox, word.]

1. Having one meaning only. A univocal word is opposed to an equivocal, which has two or more significations.

Watts.

2. Having unison of sounds; as the octave in music and its replicates.

Rousseau.

3. Certain; regular; pursuing always one tenor. [Little used.]

Brown.

Univocally

:UNIV'OCALLY, adverb In one term; in one sense.

How is sin univocally distinguished into venial and mortal, if the venial be not sin?

Hale.

2. In one tenor. [Little used.]

Ray.

Univocation

:UNIVOCA'TION, noun Agreement of name and meaning.

Cyc.

Univoque

:U'NIVOQUE, or :U'NIVOKE, adjective In music, univocal concords are the octave and its recurrences, above or below.

Cyc.

Unjoint

UNJOINT', verb transitive To disjoint.

Fuller.

Unjointed

UNJOINT'ED, adjective Disjointed; separated.

Milton.

2. Having no joint or articulation; as an unjointed stem.

Botany.

Unjoyous

UNJOY'OUS, adjective Not joyous; not gay or cheerful.

Thomson.

Unjudged

UNJUDG'ED, adjective Not judged; not judicially determined.

Prior.

Unjust

UNJUST', adjective Not just; acting contrary to the standard of right established by the divine law; not equitable; as an unjust man.

2. Contrary to justice and right; wrongful; as an unjust sentence; an unjust demand; an unjust accusation.

Unjustifiable

UNJUST'IFIABLE, adjective Not justifiable; that cannot be proved to be right; not to be vindicated or defended; as an unjustifiable motive or action.

Atterbury.

Unjustifiableness

UNJUST'IFIABLENESS, noun The quality of not being justifiable.

Clarendon.

Unjustifiably

UNJUST'IFIABLY, adverb In a manner that cannot be justified or vindicated.

Unjustified

UNJUST'IFIED, adjective Not justified or vindicated.

2. Not pardoned.

J. M. Mason.

Unjustly

UNJUST'LY, adverb In an unjust manner; wrongfully.

Unked

UNKED, or UNKID,for uncouth, odd; strange. [Not in use.]

Unkemmed

UNKEM'MED, or UNKEMPT', adjective Uncombed; unpolished.

Spenser.

[Obsolete, except in poetry.]

Unkennel

UNKEN'NEL, verb transitive To drive from his hole; as, to unkennel a fox.

Shak.

2. To rouse from secrecy or retreat.

Shak.

3. To release from a kennel.

Unkenneled

UNKEN'NELED, participle passive Driven or let loose from confinement, as a fox or dog.

Unkent

UNKENT', adjective [un and ken, to know.] Unknown. Obs.

Spenser.

Unkept

UNKEPT', adjective Not kept; not retained; not preserved.

2. Not observed; not obeyed; as a command.

Hooker.

Unkerneled

UNKERN'ELED, adjective Destitute of a kernel.

Pollok.

Unkind

UNKIND, adjective Not kind; not benevolent; not favorable; not obliging.

Shak.

2. Unnatural.

Spenser.

Unkindly

UNKINDLY, adjective Unnatural; contrary to nature; as an unkindly crime.

Spenser.

2. Unfavorable; malignant; as an unkindly fog.

Milton.

Unkindly

UNKINDLY, adverb Without kindness; without affection; as, to treat one unkindly.

2. In a manner contrary to nature; unnaturally.

All works of nature,

Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mix'd.

Milton.

Unkindness

UNKINDNESS, noun Want of kindness; want of natural affection; want of good will.

2. Disobliging treatment; disfavor.

Unking

UNKING', verb transitive To deprive of royalty.

Shak.

Unkinglike

UNKING'LIKE, or UNKING'LY, adjective Unbecoming a king; not noble.

Milner. Shak.

Unkissed

UNKISS'ED, adjective Not kissed.

Shak.

Unkle

UNKLE. [See Uncle.]

Unknightly

UNKNIGHTLY, adjective Unbecoming a knight.

Sidney.

Unknit

UNKNIT', verb transitive To separate threads that are knit; to open; to loose work that is knit or knotted.

Shak.

2. To open.

Shak.

Unknot

UNKNOT', verb transitive To free from knots; to untie.

Unknow

UNKNOW, verb transitive To cease to know. [Not in use.]

Unknowable

UNKNOWABLE, adjective That cannot be known.

Watts.

Unknowing

UNKNOWING, adjective Not knowing; ignorant; with of.

Unknowing of deceit.

Pope.

Unknowingly

UNKNOWINGLY, adverb Ignorantly; without knowledge or design.

Addison.

Unknown

UNKNOWN, adjective Not known. The author of the invention is unknown.

2. Greater than is imagined.

Bacon.

3. Not having had cohabitation.

Shak.

4. Not having communication.

Addison.

Unlabored

UNLA'BORED, adjective Not produced by labor; as unlabored harvests.

Dryden.

2. Not cultivated by labor; not tilled.

Blackmore.

3. Spontaneous; voluntary; that offers without effort; natural.

And from the theme unlabor'd beauties rise.

Tickel.

4. Easy; natural; not stiff; as an unlabored style.

Roscoe.

Unlaborious

UNLABO'RIOUS, adjective Not laborious; not difficult to be done.

Milton.

Unlace

UNLA'CE, verb transitive To loose from lacing or fastening by a cord or strings passed through loops and holes; as, to unlace a helmet or a garment.

2. To loose a woman's dress.

3. To divest of ornaments.

Shak.

4. In sea language, to loose and take off a bonnet from a sail.

Unlaced

UNLA'CED, participle passive Loosed from lacing; unfastened.

Unlacing

UNLA'CING, participle of the present tense Loosing from lacing or fastening.

Unlackeyed

UNLACK'EYED, adjective Unattended with a lackey.

Cowper.

Unlade

UNLA'DE, verb transitive To unload; to take out the cargo of; as, to unlade a ship.

2. To unload; to remove, as a load or burden. Acts 21.

Unladen

UNLA'DEN, participle passive of lade.Unloaded.

Unlaid

UNLA'ID, adjective Not placed; not fixed.

Hooker.

2. Not allayed; not pacified; not suppressed.

Milton.

3. Not laid out, as a corpse.

B. Jonson.

Unlamented

UNLAMENT'ED, adjective Not lamented; whose loss is not deplored.

Thus unlamented pass the proud away.

Pope.

Unlarded

UNL`ARDED, adjective Not intermixed or inserted for improvement.

Chesterfield.

Unlatch

UNLATCH', verb intransitive To open or loose by lifting the latch.

Unlaureled

UNLAU'RELED, adjective Not crowned with laurel; not honored.

Byron.

Unlavish

UNLAV'ISH, adjective Not lavish; not profuse; not wasteful.

Unlavished

UNLAV'ISHED, adjective Not lavished; not spent wastefully.

Unlaw

UNLAW', verb transitive To deprive of the authority of law.

Milton.

Unlawful

UNLAW'FUL, adjective Not lawful; contrary to law; illegal; not permitted by law.

Dryden.

Unlawful assembly, in law, the meeting of three or more persons to commit an unlawful act.

Unlawfully

UNLAW'FULLY, adverb In violation of law or right; illegally.

Taylor.

2. Illegitimately; not in wedlock; as a child unlawfully born.

Addison.

Unlawfulness

UNLAW'FULNESS, noun Illegality; contrariety to law.

South.

2. Illegitimacy.

Unlearn

UNLEARN', v. t. unlern'.To forget or lose what has been learned.Itis most important to us all to unlearn the errors of our early education.

I had learned nothing right; I had to unlearn every thing.

Luther in Milner.

Unlearned

UNLEARN'ED, participle passive Forgotten.

2. adjective Not learned; ignorant; illiterate; not instructed.

Dryden.

3. Not gained by study; not known.

Milton.

4. Not suitable to a learned man; as unlearned verses.

Shak.

Unlearnedly

UNLEARN'EDLY, adverb Ignorantly.

Brown.

Unlearnedness

UNLEARN'EDNESS, noun Want of learning; illiterateness.

Sylvester.

Unleavened

UNLEAVENED, a. unlev'ened.Not leavened; not raised by leaven, barm or yeast. Exodus 12.

Unlectured

UNLEC'TURED, adjective Not taught by lecture.

Young.

Unleisured

UNLEISURED, a. unlezh'ured. Not having leisure. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Unlent

UNLENT,' adjective Not lent.

Unless

UNLESS', conj. [Saxon onlesan, to loose or release.]

Except; that is, remove or dismiss the fact or thing stated in the sentence or clause which follows. ``We cannot thrive, unless we are industrious and frugal.' The sense will be more obvious with the clauses of the sentence inverted. Unless, [remove this fact, suppose it not to exist,] we are industrious and frugal, we cannot thrive. Unless then answers for a negation. If we are not industrious, we cannot thrive.

Unlessoned

UNLES'SONED, adjective Not taught; not instructed.

Shak.

Unlettered

UNLET'TERED, adjective Unlearned; untaught; ignorant.

Dryden.

Unletteredness

UNLET'TEREDNESS, noun Want of learning.

Waterhouse.

Unleveled

UNLEV'ELED, adjective Not leveled; not laid even.

Tickel.

Unlibidinous

UNLIBID'INOUS, adjective Not libidinous; not lustful.

Milton.

Unlicensed

UNLI'CENSED, adjective Not licensed; not having permission by authority; as an unlicensed innkeeper.

The vending of ardent spirits, in places licensed or unlicensed, is a tremendous evil.

Latin Beecher.

Unlicked

UNLICK'ED, adjective Shapeless; not formed to smoothness; as an unlicked bear whelp.

Shak.

Unlighted

UNLIGHTED, adjective Not lighted; not illuminated.

Prior.

2. Not kindled or set on fire.

Unlightsome

UNLIGHTSOME, adjective Dark; gloomy; wanting light.

Milton.

Unlike

UNLI'KE, adjective Dissimilar; having no resemblance. Never were two men more unlike. The cases are entirely unlike.

2. Improbable; unlikely.

Bacon.

Unlikelihood

UNLI'KELIHOOD, or UNLI'KELINESS, noun Improbability.

South. Locke.

Unlikely

UNLI'KELY,adjective Improbable; such as cannot be reasonably expected; as an unlikely event.The thing you mention is very unlikely.

2. Not promising success. He employs very unlikely means to effect his object.

Unlikely

UNLI'KELY, adverb Improbably.

Addison.

Unlikeness

UNLI'KENESS, noun Want of resemblance; dissimilitude.

Dryden.

Unlimber

UNLIM'BER, adjective Not limber; not flexible; not yielding.

Unlimitable

UNLIM'ITABLE, adjective Admitting no limits; boundless. [We now use illimitable.]

Unlimited

UNLIM'ITED, adjective Not limited; having no bounds; boundless.

Boyle.

2. Undefined; indefinite; not bounded by proper exceptions; as unlimited terms.

3. Unconfined; not restrained.

Ascribe not to God such an unlimited exercise of mercy as may destroy his justice.

Rogers.

Unlimited problem, is one which is capable of infinite solutions.

Cyc.

Unlimitedly

UNLIM'ITEDLY, adverb Without bounds.

Decay of Piety.

Unlimitedness

UNLIM'ITEDNESS, noun The state of being boundless, or of being undefined.

Johnson.

Unlineal

UNLIN'EAL, adjective Not in a line; not coming in the order of succession.

Shak.

Unlink

UNLINK', verb transitive To separate links; to loose; to unfasten; to untwist.

Shak.

Unliquidated

UNLIQ'UIDATED, adjective Not liquidated; not settled; not having the exact amount ascertained; as an unliquidated debt; unliquidated accounts.

Hamilton.

2. Unpaid; unadjusted.

Wheaton.

Unliquified

UNLIQ'UIFIED, adjective Unmelted; not dissolved.

Addison.

Unliquored

UNLIQ'UORED, adjective Not moistened; not smeared with liquor; not filled with liquor.

Bp. Hall. Milton.

Unlistening

UNLIS'TENING, adjectiveNot listening; not hearing; not regarding.

Thomson.

Unliveliness

UNLI'VELINESS, noun Want of life; dullness.

Milton.

Unlively

UNLI'VELY, adjective Not lively; dull.

Unload

UNLOAD, verb transitive To take the load from; to discharge of a load or cargo; as, to unload a ship; to unload a cart.

2. To disburden; as, to unload a beast.

3. To disburden; to relieve from any thing onerous or troublesome.

Shak.

Unloaded

UNLOADED, participle passive Freed from a load or cargo; disburdened.

Unloading

UNLOADING, participle of the present tense Freeing from a load or cargo; disburdening; relieving of a burden.

Unlocated

UNLO'CATED, adjective Not placed; not fixed in a place.

2. In America, unlocated lands are such new or wild lands as have not been surveyed, appropriated or designated by marks, limits or boundaries, to some individual, company or corporation.

Unlock

UNLOCK', verb transitive To unfasten what is locked; as, to unlock a door or a chest.

2. To open, in general; to lay open.

Unlock your springs, and open all your shades.

Pope.

Unlocked

UNLOCK'ED, participle passive Opened.

2. adjective Not locked; not made fast.

Unlooked for, not expected; not foreseen.

Bacon.

Unloose

UNLOOSE, v. t. unloos'. To loose. [An ill formed word, as it expresses the same idea as loose.]

Unloose

UNLOOSE, v. i. unloos'. To fall in pieces; to lose all connection or union.

Collier.

Unlosable

UNLOSABLE, a. s as z. That cannot be lost. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Unloved

UNLOVED, adjective Not loved.

Sidney.

Unloveliness

UNLOVELINESS, noun Want of loveliness; unamiableness; want of the qualities which attract love.

Sidney.

Unlovely

UNLOVELY, adjective Not lovely; not amiable; destitute of the qualities which attract love, or possessing qualities that excite dislike.

Unloving

UNLOVING, adjective Not loving; not fond.

Shak.

Unluckily

UNLUCK'ILY, adverb Unfortunately; by ill fortune.

Addison.

Unluckiness

UNLUCK'INESS, noun Unfortunateness; ill fortune.

2. Mischievousness.

Addison.

Unlucky

UNLUCK'Y, adjective Unfortunate; not successful; as an unlucky man.

2. Unfortunate; not resulting in success; as an unlucky adventure; an unlucky throw of dice; an unlucky game.

[This word is usually applied to incidents in which success depends on single events, to games of hazard, &c. rather than to things which depend on a long series of events, or on the ordinary course of providence.Hence we say, a man is unlucky in play or in a lottery; but not that a farmer is unlucky in his husbandry, or a commander unlucky in the result of a campaign.]

3. Unhappy; miserable; subject to frequent misfortunes.

Spenser.

4. Slightly mischievous; mischievously waggish; as an unlucky boy; an unlucky wag.

5. Ill omened; inauspicious.

Haunt me not with that unlucky face.

Dryden.

Unlustrous

UNLUS'TROUS, adjective Wanting luster; not shining.

Shak.

Unlusty

UNLUST'Y, adjective Not lusty; not stout; weak.

Unlute

UNLU'TE, verb transitive To separate things cemented or luted; to take the lute or clay from.

Unluted

UNLU'TED, participle passive Separated, as luted vessels.

Unluting

UNLU'TING, participle of the present tense Separating, as luted vessels.

Unmade

UNMA'DE, participle passive Deprived of its form or qualities.

Woodward.

2. adjective Not made; not yet formed.

Spenser.

3. Omitted to be made.

Blackmore.

Unmagnetic

UNMAGNET'IC, adjective Not having magnetic properties.

Cavallo.

Unmaidenly

UNMA'IDENLY, adjective Not becoming a maiden.

Hall.

Unmaimed

UNMA'IMED, adjective Not maimed; not disabled in any limb; sound; entire.

Pope.

Unmakable

UNMA'KABLE, adjective Not possible to be made. [Little used.]

Grew.

Unmake

UNMA'KE, verb transitive To destroy the form and qualities which constitute a thing what it is.

God does not make or unmake things to try experiments.

Burnet.

2. To deprive of qualities before possessed.

Unmaking

UNMA'KING, participle of the present tense Destroying the peculiar properties of a thing.

Unmalleability

UNMALLEABIL'ITY, noun The quality or state of being unmalleable.

Unmalleable

UNMAL'LEABLE, adjective Not malleable; not capable of being hammered into a plate, or of being extended by beating.

Unman

UNMAN', verb transitive To deprive of the constitutional qualities of a human being, as reason, &c.

South.

2. To deprive of men; as, to unman a ship.

3. To emasculate; to deprive of virility.

4. To deprive of the courage and fortitude of a man; to break or reduce into irresolution; to dishearten; to deject.

Dryden. Pope.

5. To dispeople; as towns unmanned.

Goldsmith.

Unmanageable

UNMAN'AGEABLE, adjective Not manageable; not easily restrained, governed or directed; not controllable.

2. Not easily wielded.

Locke.

Unmanaged

UNMAN'AGED, adjective Not broken by horsemanship.

Taylor.

2. Not tutored; not educated.

Felton.

Unmanlike

UNMAN'LIKE, or UNMAN'LY, adjective Not becoming a human being.

Collier.

2. Unsuitable to a man; effeminate.

Unmanly warmth and tenderness of love.

Addison.

3. Not worthy of a noble mind; ignoble; base; ungenerous; cowardly.

Unmanned

UNMAN'NED, participle passive Deprived of the qualities of a man.

Unmannered

UNMAN'NERED, adjective Uncivil; rude.

B. Jonson.

Unmannerliness

UNMAN'NERLINESS, noun Want of good manners; breach of civility; rudeness of behavior.

Locke.

Unmannerly

UNMAN'NERLY, adjective Ill bred; not having good manners; rude in behavior; as an unmannerly youth.

2. Not according to good manners; as anunmannerly jest.

Swift.

Unmannerly

UNMAN'NERLY, adverb Uncivilly.

Shak.

Unmanufactured

UNMANUFAC'TURED, adjective Not manufactured; not wrought into the proper form for use.

Unmanured

UNMANU'RED, adjective Not manured; not enriched by manure.

2. Uncultivated.

Spenser.

Unmarked

UNM`ARKED, adjective Not marked; having no mark.

2. Unobserved; not regarded; undistinguished.

Pope.

Unmarred

UNM`ARRED, adjective Not marred; not injured; not spoiled; not obstructed.

Unmarriable

UNMAR'RIABLE, adjective Not marriageable. [Little used.]

Milton.

Unmarried

UNMAR'RIED, adjective Not married; having no husband or no wife.

Bacon.

Unmarry

UNMAR'RY, verb transitive To divorce.

Milton.

Unmarshaled

UNM`ARSHALED, adjective Not disposed or arranged in due order.

Unmasculate

UNM`ASCULATE, verb transitive To emasculate.

Fuller.

Unmasculine

UNM`ASCULINE, adjective Not masculine or manly; feeble; effeminate.

Milton.

Unmask

UNM`ASK, verb transitive To strip of a mask or of any disguise; to lay open what is concealed.

Roscommon.

Unmask

UNM`ASK, verb intransitive To put off a mask.

Unmasked

UNM`ASKED, participle passive Stripped of a mask or disguise.

2. adjective Open; exposed to view.

Dryden.

Unmasterable

UNM`ASTERABLE, adjective That cannot be mastered or subdued. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Unmastered

UNM`ASTERED, adjective Not subdued; not conquered.

2. Not conquerable.

He cannot his unmaster'd grief sustain.

Dryden.

Unmatchable

UNMATCH'ABLE, adjective That cannot be matched; that cannot be equaled; unparalleled.

Hooker.

Unmatched

UNMATCH'ED, adjective Matchless; having no matchor equal.

Dryden.

Unmeaning

UNME'ANING, adjective Having no meaning or signification; as unmeaning words.

2. Not expressive; not indicating intelligence; as an unmeaning face.

There pride sits blazon'd on th' unmeaning brow.

Trumbull.

Unmeant

UNMEANT, a. unment'. Not meant; not intended.

Dryden.

Unmeasurable

UNMEASURABLE, a. unmezh'urable.That cannot be measured; unbounded; boundless.

Swift.

[For this, immeasurable is generally used.]

Unmeasurably

UNMEAS'URABLY, adverb Beyond all measure.

Howell.

Unmeasured

UNMEAS'URED, adjective Not measured; plentiful beyond measure.

Milton.

2. Immense; infinite; as unmeasured space.

Blackmore.

Unmechanical

UNMECHAN'ICAL, adjective Not mechanical; not according to the laws or principles of mechanics.

Unmeddled with, not meddled with; not touched; not altered.

Carew.

Unmeddling

UNMED'DLING, adjective Not meddling; not interfering with the concerns of others; not officious.

Chesterfield.

Unmeddlingness

UNMED'DLINGNESS, noun Forbearance of interposition. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Unmeditated

UNMED'ITATED, adjective Not meditated; not prepared by previous thought.

Milton.

Unmeet

UNMEE'T, adjective Not fit; not proper; not worthy or suitable.

Milton. Prior.

Unmeetly

UNMEE'TLY, adverb Not fitly; not properly; not suitably.

Spenser.

Unmeetness

UNMEE'TNESS, noun Unfitness; unsuitableness.

Milton.

Unmellowed

UNMEL'LOWED, adjective Not mellowed; not fully matured.

Shak.

Unmelodious

UNMELO'DIOUS, adjective Not melodious; wanting melody; harsh.

Herbert.

Unmelted

UNMELT'ED, adjective Undissolved; not melted.

Waller.

2. Not softened.

Unmentioned

UNMEN'TIONED, adjective Not mentioned; not named.

Clarendon.

Unmercantile

UNMER'CANTILE, adjective Not according to the customs and rules of commerce.

Unmerchantable

UNMER'CHANTABLE, adjective Not merchantable;not of a quality fit for the market.

Unmerciful

UNMER'CIFUL, adjective Not merciful; cruel; inhuman to such beings as are in one's power; not disposed to spare or forgive.

Rogers.

2. Unconscionable; exorbitant; as unmerciful demands.

Pope.

Unmercifully

UNMER'CIFULLY, adverb Without mercy or tenderness; cruelly.

Addison.

Unmercifulness

UNMER'CIFULNESS, noun Want of mercy; wantof tenderness and compassion towards those who are in one's power; cruelty in the exercise of power or punishment.

Taylor.

Unmeritable

UNMER'ITABLE, adjective Having no merit or desert. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unmerited

UNMER'ITED, adjective Not merited; not deserved; obtained without service or equivalent; as unmerited promotion.

2. Not deserved; cruel; unjust; as unmerited sufferings or injuries.

Unmeritedness

UNMER'ITEDNESS, noun State of being unmerited.

Boyle.

Unmet

UNMET', adjective Not met.

B. Jonson.

Unmetallic

UNMETAL'LIC, adjective Not metallic; not having the properties of metal; not belonging to metals.

Encyc.

Unmighty

UNMIGHTY, adjective Not mighty; not powerful.

Unmild

UNMILD, adjective Not mild; harsh; severe; fierce.

Unmildness

UNMILDNESS, noun Want of mildness; harshness.

Milton.

Unmilitary

UNMIL'ITARY, adjective Not according to military rules or customs.

Unmilked

UNMILK'ED, adjective Not milked.

Pope.

Unmilled

UNMILL'ED, adjective Not milled; not indented or grained; as unmilled coin.

Unminded

UNMINDED, adjective Not minded; not heeded.

Milton.

Unmindful

UNMINDFUL, adjective Not mindful; not heedful; not attentive; regardless; as unmindful of laws; unmindful of health or of duty.

Milton.

Unmindfully

UNMINDFULLY,adverbCarelessly; heedlessly.

Unmindfulness

UNMINDFULNESS, noun Heedlessness; inattention; carelessness.

Unmingle

UNMIN'GLE, verb transitive To separate things mixed.

Bacon.

Unmingleable

UNMIN'GLEABLE, adjective That cannot be mixed. [Not in use.]

Boyle.

Unmingled

UNMIN'GLED, adjective Not mingled; not mixed; pure.

Pope.

2. Pure; not vitiated or alloyed by foreign admixture; as unmingled joy.

Unministerial

UNMINISTE'RIAL, adjective Not ministerial.

Unmiry

UNMI'RY, adjective Not miry; not muddy; not foul with dirt.

Gay.

Unmissed

UNMISS'ED, adjective Not missed; not perceived to be gone or lost.

Gray.

Unmistakeable

UNMISTA'KEABLE, adjective That cannot be mistaken. [Little used.]

Cheyne.

Unmistaken

UNMISTA'KEN, adjective Not mistaken; sure.

Trumbull.

Unmistrusting

UNMISTRUST'ING, adjective Not mistrusting; not suspecting; unsuspicious.

Unmitigable

UNMIT'IGABLE, adjective Not capable of being mitigated, softened or lessened.

Shak.

Unmitigated

UNMIT'IGATED, adjective Not mitigated; not lessened; not softened in severity or harshness.

Shak.

Unmixed

UNMIX'ED, or UNMIXT', adjective Not mixed; not mingled; pure; unadulterated; unvitiated by foreign admixture.

Bacon.

2. Pure; unalloyed; as unmixed pleasure.

Unmoaned

UNMOANED, adjective Not lamented.

Shak.

Unmodifiable

UNMOD'IFIABLE, adjective That cannot be modified or altered in form; that cannot be reduced to a more acceptable or desired form.

Unmodified

UNMOD'IFIED, adjective Not modified; not altered in form; not qualified in meaning.

Unmodish

UNMO'DISH, adjective Not modish; not according to custom.

Pope.

Unmoist

UNMOIST', adjective Not moist; not humid; dry.

Philips.

Unmoistened

UNMOIST'ENED, adjective Not made moist or humid.

Boyle.

Unmold

UNMOLD, verb transitive To change the form; to reduce from any form.

Unmolded

UNMOLDED, participle passive Not changed in form.

2. adjective Not molded; not shaped or formed.

Unmolested

UNMOLEST'ED, adjective Not molested; not disturbed; free from disturbance.

Pope.

Unmoneyed

UNMONEYED, adjective Not having money.

Shenstone.

Unmonopolize

UNMONOP'OLIZE, verb transitive To recover from being monopolized. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Unmonopolized

UNMONOP'OLIZED, adjective Not monopolized.

Unmoor

UNMOOR', verb transitive In sea language, to bring to the state of riding with a single anchor, after having been moored by two or more cables.

Cyc.

2. To loose from anchorage.

Pope.

Unmoored

UNMOOR'ED, participle passive Loosed from anchorage, or brought to ride with a single anchor.

Unmooring

UNMOOR'ING, participle of the present tense Loosing from anchorage, or bringing to ride with a single anchor.

Unmoralized

UNMOR'ALIZED, adjective Untutored by morality; not conformed to good morals.

Norris.

Unmortgaged

UNMORT'GAGED, adjective [See Mortgage.] Not mortgaged; not pledged.

Addison. Dryden.

Unmortified

UNMOR'TIFIED, adjective Not mortified; not shamed.

2. Not subdued by sorrow; as unmortified sin.

Unmounted

UNMOUNT'ED, adjective Not mounted. Unmounted dragoons are such as have not horses.

Unmourned

UNMOURNED, adjective Not lamented.

Rogers.

Unmovable

UNMOVABLE, adjective That cannot be moved or shaken; firm; fixed.

Locke.

[Immovable is more generally used.]

Unmoved

UNMOVED, adjective Not moved; not transferred from one place to another.

Locke.

2. Not changed in purpose; unshaken; firm.

Milton.

3. Not affected; not having the passions excited; not touched or impressed.

Pope.

4. Not altered by passion or emotion.

Dryden.

Unmoving

UNMOVING, adjective Having no motion.

Cheyne.

2. Not exciting emotion; having no power to affect the passions.

Unmuffle

UNMUF'FLE, verb transitive To take a covering from the face.

Milton.

2. To remove the muffling of a drum.

Unmurmured

UNMUR'MURED, adjective Not murmured at.

Beaum.

Unmurmuring

UNMUR'MURING, adjective Not murmuring; not complaining; as unmurmuring patience.

Unmusical

UNMU'SICAL, adjective s as z. Not musical; not harmonious or melodious.

2. Harsh; not pleasing to the ear.

B. Jonson.

Unmutilated

UNMU'TILATED, adjective Not mutilated; not deprived of a member or part; entire.

Unmuzzle

UNMUZ'ZLE, verb transitive To loose from a muzzle.

Shak.

Unnamed

UNNA'MED, adjective Not named; not mentioned.

Milton.

Unnative

UNNA'TIVE, adjective Not native; not natural; forced.

Thomson.

Unnatural

UNNAT'URAL, adjective Contrary to the laws of nature; contrary to the natural feelings.

L'Estrange.

2. Acting without the affections of our common nature; as an unnatural father or son.

3. Not in conformity to nature; not agreeable to the real state of persons or things; not representing nature; as affected and unnatural thoughts; unnatural images or descriptions.

Unnaturalize

UNNAT'URALIZE, verb transitive To divest of natural feelings.

Hales.

Unnaturalized

UNNAT'URALIZED, participle passive Divested of natural feelings.

2. adjective Not naturalized; not made a citizen by authority.

Unnaturally

UNNAT'URALLY, adverb In opposition to natural feelings and sentiments.

Tillotson.

Unnaturalness

UNNAT'URALNESS, noun Contrariety to nature.

Sidney.

Unnavigable

UNNAV'IGABLE, adjective Not navigable. [But innavigable is more generally used.]

Unnavigated

UNNAV'IGATED, adjective Not navigated; not passed over in ships or other vessels.

Cook's Voyages.

Unnecessarily

UNNEC'ESSARILY, adverb Without necessity; needlessly.

Hooker.

Unnecessariness

UNNEC'ESSARINESS, noun The state of being unnecessary; needlessness.

Unnecessary

UNNEC'ESSARY, adjective Not necessary; needless; not required by the circumstances of the case; useless; as unnecessary labor or care; unnecessary rigor.

Dryden.

Unnecessitated

UNNECES'SITATED, adjective Not required by necessity.

Eton.

Unneedful

UNNEE'DFUL, adjective Not needful; not wanted; needless.

Milton.

Unneighborly

UNNEIGHBORLY, adjective Not suitable to the duties of a neighbor; not becoming persons living near each other; not kind and friendly.

Unneighborly

UNNEIGHBORLY, adverb In a manner not suitable to a neighbor; in a manner contrary to the kindness and friendship which should subsist among neighbors.

Shak.

Unnervate

UNNERV'ATE, adjective Not strong; feeble. [Not in use.]

Broome.

Unnerve

UNNERVE, v. t. unnerv'. To deprive of nerve, force or strength; to weaken; to enfeeble; as, to unnerve the arm.

Addison.

Unnerved

UNNERV'ED, participle passive Deprived of strength.

Shak.

2. adjective Weak; feeble.

Unneth

UNNETH, or UNNETHES, adverb Scarcely; hardly. Obs. [See Uneath.]

Spenser.

Unneutral

UNNEU'TRAL, adjective Not neutral; not uninterested.

Unnoble

UNNO'BLE, adjective Not noble; ignoble; mean.

Shak.

Unnoted

UNNO'TED, adjective Not noted; not observed; not heeded; not regarded.

Pope.

2. Not honored.

Unnoticed

UNNO'TICED, adjective Not observed; not regarded.

2. Not treated with the usual marks of respect; not kindly and hospitably entertained.

Unnumbered

UNNUM'BERED, adjective Not numbered; innumerable; indefinitely numerous.

Prior.

Unnurtured

UNNUR'TURED, adjective Not nurtured; not educated.

Unobeyed

UNOBEYED, adjective Not obeyed.

Milton.

Unobjected

UNOBJECT'ED, adjective Not objected; not charged as a fault or error.

Atterbury.

Unobjectionable

UNOBJEC'TIONABLE, adjective Not liable to objection; that need not be condemned as faulty, false or improper.

Stephens.

Unobjectionably

UNOBJEC'TIONABLY, adverb In a manner not liable to objection.

Unobnoxious

UNOBNOX'IOUS, adjective Not liable; not exposed to harm.

Milton.

Unobscured

UNOBSCU'RED, adjective Not obscured: not darkened.

Milton.

Unobsequious

UNOBSE'QUIOUS, adjective Not obsequious; not servilely submissive.

Unobsequiously

UNOBSE'QUIOUSLY, adverb Not with servile submissiveness.

Unobsequiousness

UNOBSE'QUIOUSNESS, noun Want of servile submissiveness or compliance; incompliance.

Unobservable

UNOBSERV'ABLE, adjective s as z. That is not observable; not discoverable.

Boyle.

Unobservance

UNOBSERV'ANCE, noun Want of observation; inattention; regardlessness.

Whitlock.

Unobservant

UNOBSERV'ANT, adjective Not observant; not attentive; heedless.

Glanville.

2. Not obsequious.

Unobserved

UNOBSERV'ED, adjective Not observed; not noticed; not seen; not regarded; not heeded.

Bacon.

Unobserving

UNOBSERV'ING, adjective Not observing; inattentive; heedless.

Dryden.

Unobstructed

UNOBSTRUCT'ED, adjective Not obstructed; not filled with impediments; as an unobstructed stream or channel.

2. Not hindered; not stopped.

Blackmore.

Unobstructive

UNOBSTRUCT'IVE, adjective Not presenting any obstacle.

Blackmore.

Unobtainable

UNOBTA'INABLE, adjective That cannot be obtained; not within reach or power.

Unobtained

UNOBTA'INED, adjective Not obtained; not gained; not acquired.

Hooker.

Unobtrusive

UNOBTRU'SIVE, adjective Not obtrusive; not forward; modest.

Young.

Unobvious

UNOB'VIOUS, adjective Not obvious; not readily occurring to the view or the understanding.

Boyle.

Unoccupied

UNOC'CUPIED, adjective Not occupied; not possessed; as unoccupied land.

2. Not engaged in business; being at leisure. The man is unoccupied.

3. Not employed or taken up; as time unoccupied.

Unoffended

UNOFFEND'ED, adjective Not offended; not having taken offense.

Unoffending

UNOFFEND'ING, adjective Not offending; not giving offense.

2. Not sinning; free from sin or fault.

3. Harmless; innocent.

Unoffensive

UNOFFENS'IVE, adjective Not offensive; giving no offense; harmless. [For this, inoffensive is more generally used.]

Unoffered

UNOF'FERED, adjective Not offered; not proposed to acceptance.

Clarendon.

Unofficial

UNOFFI'CIAL, adjective Not official; not pertaining to office.

2. Not proceeding from the proper officer or from due authority; as unofficial news or notice.

Unofficially

UNOFFI'CIALLY, adverb Not officially; not in the course of official duty. The man was unofficially informed by the sherif or commander.

Unoften

UNOF'TEN, adverb Rarely. [Not used.]

Unoil

UNOIL', verb transitive To free from oil.

Dryden.

Unoiled

UNOIL'ED, participle passive Freed from oil.

2. adjective Not oiled; free from oil.

Unopened

UNO'PENED, adjective Not opened; remaining fast, close, shut or sealed.

Chesterfield.

Unopening

UNO'PENING, adjective Not opening.

Pope.

Unoperative

UNOP'ERATIVE, adjective Not operative; producing no effect. [But inoperative is generally used.]

South.

Unopposed

UNOPPO'SED, adjective s as z. Not opposed; not resisted; not meeting with any obstruction; as an army or stream unopposed.

Dryden.

Unoppressed

UNOPPRESS'ED, adjective Not oppressed; not unduly burdened.

Unorderly

UNOR'DERLY, adjective Not orderly; disordered; irregular. [Disorderly is more generally used.]

Sanderson.

Unordinary

UNOR'DINARY, adjective Not ordinary; not common. [Not in use.]

Locke.

Unorganized

UNOR'GANIZED, adjective Not organized; not having organic structure or vessels for the preparation, secretion and distribution of nourishment, &c. Metals are unorganized bodies. [This word is in use, but inorganized is also used.]

Unoriginal

UNORIG'INAL, adjective Not original; derived.

2. Having no birth; ungenerated.

Milton.

Unoriginated

UNORIG'INATED, adjective Not originated; having no birth or creation.

God is underived, unoriginated and self-existent.

Stephens.

Unornamental

UNORNAMENT'AL, adjective Not ornamental.

West.

Unornamented

UNOR'NAMENTED, adjective Not ornamented; not adorned; plain.

Coventry.

Unorthodox

UNOR'THODOX, adjective Not orthodox; not holding the genuine doctrines of the Scriptures.

Decay of Piety.

Unostentatious

UNOSTENTA'TIOUS, adjective Not ostentatious; not boastful; not making show and parade; modest.

2. Not glaring; not showy; as unostentatious coloring.

Unowed

UNOWED, adjective Not owed; not due.

Unowned

UNOWNED, adjective Not owned; having no known owner; not claimed.

2. Not avowed: not acknowledged as one's own; not admitted as done by one's self.

Unoxygenated

UNOX'YGENATED, or UNOX'YGENIZED, adjective Not having oxygen in combination.

Unpacific

UNPACIF'IC, adjective Not pacific; not disposed to peace; not of a peaceable disposition.

Warton.

Unpacified

UNPAC'IFIED, adjective Not pacified; not appeased; not calmed.

Browne.

Unpack

UNPACK', verb transitive To open, as things packed; as, to unpack goods.

2. To disburden. [Little used.]

Shak.

Unpacked

UNPACK'ED, participle passive Opened, as goods.

2. adjective Not packed; not collected by unlawful artifices; as an unpacked jury.

Hudibras.

Unpacking

UNPACK'ING, participle of the present tense Opening, as a package.

Unpaid

UNPA'ID, adjective Not paid; not discharged; as a debt.

Milton.

2. Not having received his due; as unpaid workmen.

Pope.

Unpaid for, not paid for; taken on credit.

Unpained

UNPA'INED, adjective Not pained; suffering no pain.

Milton.

Unpainful

UNPA'INFUL, adjective Not painful; giving no pain.

Locke.

Unpalatable

UNPAL'ATABLE, adjective Not palatable; disgusting to the taste.

Collier.

2. Not such as to be relished; disagreeable; as an unpalatable law.

Dryden.

Unpalled

UNPALL'ED, adjective Not deadened.

Unpanoplied

UNPAN'OPLIED, adjective Destitute of panoply or complete armor.

Pollok.

Unparadise

UNPAR'ADISE, verb transitive To deprive of happiness like that of paradise; to render unhappy.

Young.

Unparagoned

UNPAR'AGONED, adjective Unequaled; unmatched.

Shak.

Unparalleled

UNPAR'ALLELED, adjective Having no parallel or equal; unequaled; unmatched.

Addison.

The unparalleled perseverance of the armies of the U. States, under every suffering and discouragement, was little short of a miracle.

Washington.

Unpardonable

UNP`ARDONABLE, adjective Not to be forgiven; that cannot be pardoned or remitted; as an unpardonable sin.

Rogers.

Unpardonably

UNP`ARDONABLY, adverb Beyond forgiveness.

Atterbury.

Unpardoned

UNP`ARDONED, adjective Not pardoned; not forgiven; as unpardoned offenses.

Rogers.

2. Not having received a legal pardon. The convict returned unpardoned.

Unpardoning

UNP`ARDONING, adjective Not forgiving; not disposed to pardon.

Dryden.

Unparliamentariness

UNP`ARLIAMENT'ARINESS, noun Contrariety to the rules, usages or constitution of parliament.

Clarendon.

Unparliamentary

UNP`ARLIAMENT'ARY, adjective Contrary to the usages or rules of proceeding in parliament.

2. Contrary to the rules or usages of legislative bodies.

Unparted

UNP`ARTED, adjective Not parted; not divided; not separated.

Prior.

Unpartial

UNP`ARTIAL, adjective Not partial. [Not in use.] [See Impartial.]

Unpartially

UNP`ARTIALLY, adverb Fairly; impartially. [Not used.]

Unpassable

UNP`ASSABLE, adjective Not admitting persons to pass; impassable; as unpassable roads, rivers or mountains. [Impassable is more generally used.]

2. Not current; not received in common payments; as unpassable notes or coins. [Instead of this, uncurrent and not current are now used.]

Unpassionate

UNPAS'SIONATE, or UNPAS'SIONATED, adjective Calm; free from passion; impartial. [Instead of these words, dispassionate is now used.]

Unpassionately

UNPAS'SIONATELY, adverb Without passion; calmly. [For this, dispassionately is now used.]

K. Charles.

Unpastoral

UNP`ASTORAL, adjective Not pastoral; not suitable to pastoral manners.

Warton.

Unpatented

UNPAT'ENTED, adjective Not granted by patent.

Cranch.

Unpathed

UNP`ATHED, adjective Unmarked by passage; not trodden.

Shak.

2. Not being beaten into a path; as unpathed snow.

Unpathetic

UNPATHET'IC, adjective Not pathetic; not adapted to move the passions or excite emotion.

Warton.

Unpatronized

UNPAT'RONIZED, adjective Not having a patron; not supported by friends.

Johnson.

Unpatterned

UNPAT'TERNED, adjective Having no equal.

Beaum.

Unpaved

UNPA'VED, adjective Not paved; not covered with stone.

Unpawned

UNPAWN'ED, adjective Not pawned; not pledged.

Pope.

Unpay

UNPA'Y, verb transitive To undo. [Not in use.]

Shak.

2. Not to pay or compensate. [Not used.]

Unpeaceable

UNPE'ACEABLE, adjective Not peaceable; quarrelsome.

Hammond.

Unpeaceableness

UNPE'ACEABLENESS, noun Unquietness; quarrelsomeness.

Parker.

Unpeaceful

UNPE'ACEFUL, adjective Not pacific or peaceful; unquiet.

Cowley.

Unpedigreed

UNPED'IGREED, adjective Not distinguished by a pedigree.

Pollok.

Unpeg

UNPEG', verb transitive To loose from pegs; to open.

2. To pull out the peg from.

Unpelted

UNPELT'ED, adjective Not pelted; not assailed with stones.

Unpen

UNPEN', verb transitive To let out or suffer to escape by breaking a dam or opening a pen.

If a man unpens another's waterÃ‚--

Blackstone.

Unpenal

UNPE'NAL, adjective Not penal; not subject to a penalty.

Clarendon.

Unpenetrable

UNPEN'ETRABLE, adjective Not to be penetrated. [But impenetrable is chiefly used.]

Unpenitent

UNPEN'ITENT, adjective Not penitent. [But impenitent is the word now used.]

Unpenned

UNPEN'NED, participle passive Unfastened; let out.

Unpenning

UNPEN'NING, participle of the present tense Suffering to escape; unlocking.

Unpensioned

UNPEN'SIONED, adjective Not pensioned; not rewarded by a pension; as an unpensioned soldier.

2. Not kept in pay; not held in dependence by a pension.

Pope.

Unpeople

UNPEOPLE, verb transitive To deprive of inhabitants; to depopulate; to dispeople.

Milton. Dryden.

Unpeopled

UNPEOPLED, participle passive Depopulated; dispeopled.

Unpeopling

UNPEOPLING, participle of the present tense Depopulating.

Unperceivable

UNPERCE'IVABLE, adjective Not to be perceived; not perceptible.

Unperceived

UNPERCE'IVED, adjective Not perceived; not heeded; not observed; not noticed.

Milton.

Unperceivedly

UNPERCE'IVEDLY, adverb So as not to be perceived.

Boyle.

Unperfect

UNPER'FECT, adjective Not perfect; not complete. [But the word now used is imperfect.]

Unperfected

UNPER'FECTED, adjective Not perfected; not completed.

Hammond.

Unperfectness

UNPER'FECTNESS, noun Want of perfectness; incompleteness. [Imperfectness and imperfection are now used.]

Unperforated

UNPER'FORATED, adjective Not perforated; not penetrated by openings.

Unperformed

UNPERFORM'ED, adjective Not performed; not done; not executed; as, the business remains

unperformed.

2. Not fulfilled; as an unperformed promise.

Taylor.

Unperforming

UNPERFORM'ING, adjective Not performing; not discharging its office.

Dryden.

Unperishable

UNPER'ISHABLE, adjective Not perishable; not subject to decay. [The word now used is imperishable.]

Unperishing

UNPER'ISHING, adjective Not perishing; durable.

Unpermanent

UNPER'MANENT, adjective Not permanent; not durable.

Unperjured

UNPER'JURED, adjective Free from the crime of perjury.

Dryden.

Unperplex

UNPERPLEX', verb transitive To free from perplexity.

Donne.

Unperplexed

UNPERPLEX'ED, adjective Not perplexed; not harassed; not embarrassed.

2. Free from perplexity or complication; simple.

Unperspirable

UNPER'SPIRABLE, adjective That cannot be perspired, or emitted through the pores of the skin.

Arbuthnot.

Unpersuadable

UNPERSUA'DABLE, adjective That cannot be persuaded, or influenced by motives urged.

Sidney.

Unperverted

UNPERVERT'ED, adjective Not perverted; not wrested or turned to a wrong sense or use.

Unpetrified

UNPET'RIFIED, adjective Not petrified; not converted into stone.

Unphilosophic

UNPHILOSOPH'IC, or UNPHILOSOPH'ICAL, adjective Not according to the rules or principles of sound philosophy; contrary to philosophy or right reason.

Newton.

Unphilosophically

UNPHILOSOPH'ICALLY, adverb In a manner contrary to the principles of sound philosophy or right reason.

South.

Unphilosophicalness

UNPHILOSOPH'ICALNESS, noun Incongruity with philosophy.

Norris.

Unphilosophize

UNPHILOS'OPHIZE, verb transitive To degrade from the character of a philosopher.

Pope.

Unphilosophized

UNPHILOS'OPHIZED, participle passive or adjective Degraded from the rank of a philosopher.

2. Not sophisticated or perverted by philosophy; as unphilosophized revelation.

Good.

Unphysicked

UNPHYS'ICKED, adjective s as z. Not influenced by medicine; not physicked. [Not used.]

Howell.

Unpierced

UNPIERCED, a. unpers'ed. Not pierced; not penetrated.

Gay.

Unpillared

UNPIL'LARED, adjective Deprived of pillars; as an unpillared temple.

Pope.

Unpillowed

UNPIL'LOWED, adjective Having no pillow; having the head not supported.

Milton.

Unpin

UNPIN', verb transitive To loose from pins; to unfasten what is held together by pins; as, to unpin a frock; to unpin the frame of a building.

Unpinked

UNPINK'ED, adjective Not pinked; not marked or set with eyelet holes.

Shak.

Unpitied

UNPIT'IED, adjective Not pitied; not compassionated; not regarded with sympathetic sorrow.

Dryden. Pope.

Unpitiful

UNPIT'IFUL, adjective Having no pity; not merciful.

Davies.

2. Not exciting pity.

Unpitifully

UNPIT'IFULLY, adverb Unmercifully; without mercy.

Shak.

Unpitying

UNPIT'YING, adjective Having no pity; showing no compassion.

Granville.

Unplacable

UNPLA'CABLE, adjective Not to be appeased. [Implacable is the word now used.]

Unplaced

UNPLA'CED, adjective Having no office or employment under the government.

Pope.

Unplagued

UNPLAGUED, adjective Not plagued; not harassed; not tormented.

Shak.

Unplanted

UNPLANT'ED, adjective Not planted; of spontaneous growth.

Waller.

Unplastered

UNPL`ASTERED, adjective Not plastered.

Unplausible

UNPLAUS'IBLE, adjective s as z. Not plausible; not having a fair appearance; as arguments not unplausible.

Milton.

Unplausibly

UNPLAUS'IBLY, adverb s as z. Not with a fair appearance.

Swift.

Unplausive

UNPLAUS'IVE, adjective Not approving; not applauding.

Unpleadable

UNPLE'ADABLE, adjective That cannot be pleaded.

South.

Unpleasant

UNPLEASANT, a. unplez'ant. Not pleasant; not affording pleasure; disagreeable.

Hooker.

Unpleasantly

UNPLEASANTLY, adv. unplez'antly. In a manner not pleasing; uneasily.

Pope.

Unpleasantness

UNPLEASANTNESS, n. unplez'antness. Disagreeableness; the state or quality of not giving pleasure.

Hooker.

Unpleased

UNPLE'ASED, adjective s as z. Not pleased; displeased.

Dryden.

Unpleasing

UNPLE'ASING, adjective Offensive; disgusting.

Milton. Dryden.

Unpleasingly

UNPLE'ASINGLY, adverb In a manner to displease.

Unpleasingness

UNPLE'ASINGNESS, noun Want of qualities to please.

Milton.

Unpledged

UNPLEDG'ED, adjective Not pledged; not mortgaged.

Unpliable

UNPLI'ABLE, adjective Not pliable; not easily bent.

Unpliant

UNPLI'ANT, adjective Not pliant; not easily bent; stiff.

Wotton.

2. Not readily yielding the will; not compliant.

Unplowed

UNPLOW'ED, adjective Not plowed.

Mortimer.

Unplume

UNPLU'ME, verb transitive To strip of plumes or fethers; to degrade.

Glanville.

Unplumed

UNPLU'MED, participle passive or adjective Deprived of plumes; destitute of plumes.

Unplundered

UNPLUN'DERED, adjective Not plundered or stripped.

Unpoetic

UNPOET'IC, or UNPOET'ICAL, adjective Not poetical; not having the beauties of verse.

2. Not becoming a poet.

Corbet.

Unpoetically

UNPOET'ICALLY, adverb In a manner not comporting with the nature of poetry.

2. In a manner unbecoming a poet.

Unpointed

UNPOINT'ED, adjective Having no point or sting.

B. Jonson.

2. Not having marks by which to distinguish sentences, members and clauses in writing.

3. Not having the vowel points or marks; as an unpointed manuscript in Hebrew or Arabic.

M. Stuart.

Unpoison

UNPOIS'ON, verb transitive s as z. To remove or expel poison.

South.

Unpoized

UNPOIZ'ED, adjective Not poized; not balanced.

Thomson.

Unpolarized

UNPO'LARIZED, adjective Not polarized; not having polarity.

Unpolicied

UNPOL'ICIED, adjective Not having civil polity, or a regular form of government.

Unpolished

UNPOL'ISHED, adjective Not polished; not made smooth or bright by attrition.

Stillingfleet.

2. Not refined in manners; uncivilized; rude; plain.

Dryden.

Unpolite

UNPOLI'TE, adjective Not refined in manners; not elegant.

2. Not civil; not courteous; rude. [See Impolite.]

Unpolitely

UNPOLI'TELY, adverb In an uncivil or rude manner.

Unpoliteness

UNPOLI'TENESS, noun Want of refinement in manners; rudeness.

2. Incivility; want of courtesy.

Unpolled

UNPOLLED, adjective Not registered as a voter.

2. Unplundered; not stripped.

Fanshaw.

Unpolluted

UNPOLLU'TED, adjective Not polluted; not defiled; not corrupted.

Unpopular

UNPOP'ULAR, adjective Not popular; not having the public favor; as an unpopular magistrate.

2. Not pleasing the people; as an unpopular law.

Unpopularity

UNPOPULAR'ITY, noun The state of not enjoying the public favor, or of not pleasing the people.

Unportable

UNPORTABLE, adjective Not to be carried.

Raleigh.

Unportioned

UNPORTIONED, adjective Not endowed or furnished with a portion or fortune; as an unportioned daughter.

Unportuous

UNPORTUOUS, adjective Having no ports.

Burke.

Unpossessed

UNPOSSESS'ED, adjective Not possessed; not held; not occupied.

Milton.

Unpossessing

UNPOSSESS'ING, adjective Having no possessions.

Shak.

Unpossible

UNPOS'SIBLE, adjective Not possible. Obs. [The word now used is impossible.]

Unpowdered

UNPOW'DERED, adjective Not sprinkled with powder.

Unpracticable

UNPRAC'TICABLE, adjective Not feasible; that cannot be performed. [The word now used is impracticable.]

Unpracticed

UNPRAC'TICED, adjective Not having been taught by practice; not skilled; not having experience; raw; unskillful.

Shak.

2. Not known; not familiar by use. [Not used.]

Prior.

Unpraised

UNPRA'ISED, adjective s as z. Not praised; not celebrated.

Milton. Dryden.

Unprecarious

UNPRECA'RIOUS, adjective Not dependent on another; not uncertain.

Blackmore.

Unprecedented

UNPREC'EDENTED, adjective Having no precedent or example; not preceded by a like case; not having the authority of prior example.

Swift.

Unprecise

UNPRECI'SE, adjective Not precise; not exact.

Warton.

Unpredestined

UNPREDES'TINED, adjective Not previously determined or destined.

Milton.

Unpredict

UNPREDICT', verb transitive To retract prediction.

Milton.

Unpreferred

UNPREFER'RED, adjective Not preferred; not advanced.

Collier.

Unpregnant

UNPREG'NANT, adjective Not pregnant.

2. Not prolific; not quick of wit.

Shak.

Unprejudicate

UNPREJU'DICATE, adjective Not prepossessed by settled opinions. [Little used.]

Taylor.

Unprejudiced

UNPREJ'UDICED, adjective Not prejudiced; free from undue bias or prepossession; not preoccupied by opinion; impartial; as an unprejudiced mind.

Addison.

2. Not warped by prejudice; as an unprejudiced judgment.

Unprelatical

UNPRELAT'ICAL, adjective Unsuitable to a prelate.

Clarendon.

Unpremeditated

UNPREMED'ITATED, adjective Not previously meditated or prepared in the mind.

2. Not previously purposed or intended; not done by design.

Unprepared

UNPREPA'RED, adjective Not prepared; not ready; not fitted or furnished by previous measures.

Milton.

2. Not prepared by holiness of life for the event of death and a happy immortality.

Roscommon.

Unpreparedness

UNPREPA'REDNESS, noun State of being unprepared.

Unprepossessed

UNPREPOSSESS'ED, adjective Not prepossessed; not biased by previous opinions; not partial.

South.

Unprepossessing

UNPREPOSSESS'ING, adjective Not having a winning appearance.

Unpressed

UNPRESS'ED, adjective Not pressed.

Shak. Tickel.

2. Not enforced.

Clarendon.

Unpresumptuous

UNPRESUMP'TUOUS, adjective [See Presume.] Not presumptuous; not rash; modest; submissive.

Cowper.

Unpretending

UNPRETEND'ING, adjective Not claiming distinction; modest.

Pope.

Unprevailing

UNPREVA'ILING, adjective Being of no force; vain.

Shak.

Unprevented

UNPREVENT'ED, adjective Not prevented; not hindered.

Shak.

2. Not preceded by any thing. Obs.

Milton.

Unpriest

UNPRIEST, verb transitive To deprive of the orders of a priest.

Milton.

Unpriestly

UNPRIESTLY, adjective Unsuitable to a priest.

Bale.

Unprince

UNPRINCE, v. t. unprins'. To deprive of principality or sovereignty.

Swift.

Unprincely

UNPRINCELY, a. unprins'ly. Unbecoming a prince; not resembling a prince.

K. Charles.

Unprincipled

UNPRIN'CIPLED, adjective Not having settled principles; as souls unprincipled in virtue.

Milton.

2. Having no good moral principles; destitute of virtue; not restrained by conscience; profligate.

Unprinted

UNPRINT'ED, adjective Not printed; as a literary work.

Pope.

2. Not stamped with figures; white; as unprinted cotton.

Unprisoned

UNPRIS'ONED, adjective s as z. Set free from confinement.

Donne.

Unprizable

UNPRI'ZABLE, adjective Not valued; not of estimation.

Unprized

UNPRI'ZED, adjective Not valued.

Shak.

Unproclaimed

UNPROCLA'IMED, adjective Not proclaimed; not notified by public declaration.

Milton.

Unproductive

UNPRODUC'TIVE, adjective Not productive; barren.

Burke.

2. More generally, not producing large crops; not making profitable returns for labor; as unproductive land.

3. Not profitable; not producing profit or interest; as capital; as unproductive funds or stock.

4. Not efficient; not producing any effect.

Unproductiveness

UNPRODUC'TIVENESS, noun The state of being unproductive; as land, stock, capital, labor, &c.

Unprofaned

UNPROFA'NED, adjective Not profaned; not violated.

Dryden.

Unprofessional

UNPROFES'SIONAL, adjective Not pertaining to one's profession.

Beddoes.

2. Not belonging to a profession.

Unproficiency

UNPROFI'CIENCY, noun Want of proficiency or improvement.

Hall.

Unprofitable

UNPROF'ITABLE, adjective Bringing no profit; producing no gain beyond the labor, expenses and interest of capital; as unprofitable land; unprofitable stock; unprofitable employment.

2. Producing no improvement or advantage; useless; serving no purpose; as an unprofitable life; unprofitable study. Job 15.

3. Not useful to others.

4. Misimproving talents; bringing no glory to God; as an unprofitable servant. Matthew 25.

Unprofitableness

UNPROF'ITABLENESS, noun The state of producing no profit or good; uselessness; inutility.

Addison.

Unprofitably

UNPROF'ITABLY, adverb Without profit; without clear gain; as capital unprofitably employed.

2. Without any good effect or advantage; to no good purpose.

Addison.

Unprofited

UNPROF'ITED, adjective Not having profit or gain.

Shak.

Unprohibited

UNPROHIB'ITED, adjective Not prohibited; not forbid; lawful.

Unprojected

UNPROJECT'ED, adjective Not planned; not projected.

South.

Unprolific

UNPROLIF'IC, adjective Not prolific; barren; not producing young or fruit.

Hale.

2. Not producing in abundance.

Unpromising

UNPROM'ISING, adjective Not promising; not affording a favorable prospect of success, of excellence, of profit, &c.; as an unpromising youth; an unpromising season.

Unprompted

UNPROMPT'ED, adjective Not prompted; not dictated.

2. Not excited or instigated.

Unpronounceable

UNPRONOUNCEABLE, a. unpronouns'able. That cannot be pronounced. [Unusual.]

Walker.

Unpronounced

UNPRONOUNC'ED, adjective Not pronounced; not uttered.

Milton.

Unprop

UNPROP', verb transitive To remove a prop from; to deprive of support.

Unproper

UNPROP'ER, adjective Not fit or proper. Obs. [Improper is the word now used.]

Unproperly

UNPROP'ERLY, adverb Unfitly. Obs. [See Improperly.]

Unprophetic

UNPROPHET'IC, or UNPROPHET'ICAL, adjective Not foreseeing or not predicting future events.

Unpropitious

UNPROPI'TIOUS, adjective Not propitious; not favorable; not disposed to promote; inauspicious.

Pope.

Unpropitiously

UNPROPI'TIOUSLY, adverb Unfavorably; unkindly.

Unproportionable

UNPROPORTIONABLE, adjective Wanting due proportion.

Unproportionate

UNPROPORTIONATE, adjective Wanting proportion; disproportionate; unfit.

Unproportioned

UNPROPORTIONED, adjective Not proportioned; not suitable.

Shak.

Unproposed

UNPROPO'SED, adjective s as z. Not proposed; not offered.

Dryden.

Unpropped

UNPROP'PED, adjective Not propped; not supported or upheld.

Milton.

Unprosperous

UNPROS'PEROUS, adjective Not prosperous; not attended with success; unfortunate.

Pope.

Unprosperously

UNPROS'PEROUSLY, adverb Unsuccessfully; unfortunately.

Taylor.

Unprosperousness

UNPROS'PEROUSNESS, noun Want of success; failure of the desired result.

Hammond.

Unprostituted

UNPROS'TITUTED, adjective Not prostituted; not debased.

Unprotected

UNPROTECT'ED, adjective Not protected; not defended.

Hooker.

2. Not countenanced; not supported.

Unprotracted

UNPROTRACT'ED, adjective Not protracted; not drawn out in length.

Unproved

UNPROVED, adjective Not proved; not known by trial.

Spenser.

2. Not established as true by argument, demonstration or evidence.

Unprovide

UNPROVI'DE, verb transitive To unfurnish; to divest or strip of qualifications.

Southern.

Unprovided

UNPROVI'DED, participle passive Divested of qualifications.

2. adjective Not provided; unfurnished; unsupplied.

Dryden.

Unprovident

UNPROV'IDENT, adjective Improvident. Obs.

Unprovisioned

UNPROVI'SIONED, adjective s as z. Not furnished with provisions.

Pollok.

Unprovoked

UNPROVO'KED, adjective Not provoked; not incited; appliedto persons.

2. Not proceeding from provocation or just cause; as an unprovoked attack.

Addison.

Unprovoking

UNPROVO'KING, adjective Giving no provocation or offense.

Fleetwood.

Unprudential

UNPRUDEN'TIAL, adjective Imprudent. [Not used.]

Milton.

Unpruned

UNPRU'NED, adjective Not pruned; not lopped.

Shak.

Unpublic

UNPUB'LIC, adjective Not public; private; not generally seen or known.

Taylor.

Unpublished

UNPUB'LISHED, adjective Not made public; secret; private.

Shak.

2. Not published; as a manuscript or book.

Pope.

Unpunctual

UNPUNC'TUAL, adjective Not punctual; not exact in time.

Pope.

Unpunctuality

UNPUNCTUAL'ITY, noun Want of punctuality.

Unpunctuated

UNPUNC'TUATED, adjective Not punctuated; not pointed.

Busby.

Unpunished

UNPUN'ISHED, adjective Not punished; suffered to pass without punishment or with impunity; as a thief unpunished; an unpunished crime.

Dryden.

Unpunishing

UNPUN'ISHING, adjective Not punishing.

Unpurchased

UNPUR'CHASED, adjective Not purchased; not bought.

Denham.

Unpure

UNPU'RE, adjective Not pure; impure. Obs. [See Impure.]

Unpurged

UNPURG'ED, adjective Not purged; unpurified.

Milton.

Unpurified

UNPU'RIFIED, adjective Not purified; not freed from recrement or foul matter.

2. Not cleansed from sin; unsanctified.

Decay of Piety.

Unpurposed

UNPUR'POSED, adjective Not intended; not designed.

Shak.

Unpursed

UNPURS'ED, adjective Robbed of a purse.

Pollok.

Unpursued

UNPURSU'ED, adjective Not pursued; not followed; not prosecuted.

Milton.

Unputrefied

UNPU'TREFIED, adjective Not putrefied; not corrupted.

Bacon.

Unquaffed

UNQU`AFFED, adjective Not quaffed; not drank.

Byron.

Unqualified

UNQUAL'IFIED, adjective Not qualified; not fit; not having the requisite talents, abilities or accomplishments.

Swift.

2. Not having taken the requisite oath or oaths.

3. Not modified or restricted by conditions or exceptions; as unqualified praise.

Unqualify

UNQUAL'IFY, verb transitive To divest of qualifications. [But instead of this, disqualify is now used.]

Unqualitied

UNQUAL'ITIED, adjective Deprived of the usual faculties. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unquarrelable

UNQUAR'RELABLE, adjective That cannot be impugned. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Unqueen

UNQUEE'N, verb transitive To divest of the dignity of queen.

Shak.

Unquelled

UNQUELL'ED, adjective Not quelled; not subdued.

Thomson.

Unquenchable

UNQUENCH'ABLE, adjective That cannot be quenched; that will never be extinguished; inextinguishable. Matthew 3. Luke 3.

Unquenchableness

UNQUENCH'ABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being inextinguishable.

Hakewill.

Unquenchably

UNQUENCH'ABLY, adverb In a manner or degree so as not to be quenched.

Unquenched

UNQUENCH'ED, adjective Not extinguished.

Bacon.

Unquestionable

UNQUES'TIONABLE, adjective Not to be questioned; not to be doubted; indubitable; certain; as unquestionable evidence or truth; unquestionable courage.

Addison.

Unquestionably

UNQUES'TIONABLY, adverb Without doubt; indubitably.

Sprat.

Unquestioned

UNQUES'TIONED, adjective Not called in question; not doubted.

2. Not interrogated; having no questions asked; not examined.

Dryden.

3. Indisputable; not to be opposed.

B. Jonson.

Unquestioning

UNQUES'TIONING, adjective Not calling in question; not doubting; unhesitating.

J. M. Mason.

Unquick

UNQUICK', adjective Not quick; slow.

2. Not alive; motionless. [Not in use.]

Daniel.

Unquickened

UNQUICK'ENED, adjective Not animated; not matured to vitality; as unquickened progeny.

Blackstone.

Unquiet

UNQUI'ET, adjective Not quiet; not calm or tranquil; restless; uneasy; as an unquiet person; an unquiet mind.

2. Agitated; disturbed by continual motion; as the unquiet ocean.

3. Unsatisfied; restless.

Pope.

Unquiet

UNQUI'ET, verb transitive To disquiet. [Not in use.]

Herbert.

Unquietly

UNQUI'ETLY, adverb In an unquiet state; without rest; in an agitated state.

Shak.

Unquietness

UNQUI'ETNESS, noun Want of quiet; want of tranquillity; restlessness; uneasiness.

Taylor. Denham.

2. Want of peace; as of a nation.

Spenser.

3. Turbulence; disposition to make trouble or excite disturbance.

Dryden.

Unquietude

UNQUI'ETUDE, noun Uneasiness; restlessness. Obs. [For this, disquietude and inquietude are used.]

Unracked

UNRACK'ED, adjective Not racked; not poured from the less.

Unraked

UNRA'KED, adjective Not raked; as land unraked.

2. Not raked together; not raked up; as fire.

Shak.

Unransacked

UNRAN'SACKED, adjective Not ransacked; not searched.

2. Not pillaged.

Knolles.

Unransomed

UNRAN'SOMED, adjective Not ransomed; not liberated from captivity or bondage by payment for liberty.

Pope.

Unrash

UNRASH', adjective Not rash; not presumptuous.

Clarendon.

Unravel

UNRAV'EL, verb transitive To disentangle; to disengage or separate threads that are knit.

2. To free; to clear from complication or difficulty.

Addison.

3. To separate connected or united parts; to throw into disorder.

Nature all unravel'd.

Dryden.

4. To unfold, as the plot or intrigue of a play.

Pope.

Unravel

UNRAV'EL, verb intransitive To be unfolded; to be disentangled.

Unravelment

UNRAV'ELMENT, noun The development of the plot in a play.

Mickel.

Unrazored

UNRA'ZORED, adjective Unshaven.

Milton.

Unreached

UNRE'ACHED, adjective Not reached; not attained to.

Dryden.

Unread

UNREAD, a. unred'. Not read; not recited; not perused.

Hooker. Dryden.

2. Untaught; not learned in books.

Dryden.

Unreadiness

UNREADINESS, n. unred'iness. Want of readiness; want of promptness or dexterity.

Hooker.

2. Want of preparation.

Taylor.

Unready

UNREADY, a. unred'y. Not ready; not prepared; not fit.

Shak.

2. Not prompt; not quick.

Brown.

3. Awkward; ungainly.

Bacon.

Unreal

UNRE'AL, adjective Not real; not substantial; having appearance only.

Milton. Shak.

Unreality

UNREAL'ITY, noun Want of reality or real existence.

Fearn.

Unreaped

UNRE'APED, adjective Not reaped; as unreaped wheat; an unreaped field.

Unreasonable

UNRE'ASONABLE, a. s as z. Not agreeable to reason.

Hooker.

2. Exceeding the bounds of reason; claiming or insisting on more than is fit; as an unreasonable demand.

3. Immoderate; exorbitant; as an unreasonable love of life or of money.

4. Irrational. [In this sense, see Irrational.]

Unreasonableness

UNRE'ASONABLENESS, noun Inconsistency with reason; as the unreasonableness of sinners.

2. Exorbitance; excess of demand, claim, passion and the like; as the unreasonableness of a proposal.

Unreasonably

UNRE'ASONABLY, adverb In a manner contrary to reason.

2. Excessively; immoderately; more than enough.

Unreasoned

UNRE'ASONED, adjective Not reasoned.

Burke.

Unreave

UNRE'AVE, verb transitive [See Reave, Unreeve and Ravel.] To unwind; to disentangle; to loose.

Spenser.

2. Not to rive; not to tear asunder; not to unroof. [Not in use.]

Hall.

Unrebated

UNREBA'TED, adjective Not blunted.

Hakewill.

Unrebukable

UNREBU'KABLE, adjective Not deserving rebuke; not obnoxious to censure. 1 Timothy 6.

Unreceived

UNRECE'IVED, adjective Not received; not taken; as sacraments unreceived.

2. Not come into possession; as a letter unreceived.

3. Not adopted; not embraced; as opinions unreceived.

Unreckoned

UNRECK'ONED, adjective Not reckoned or enumerated.

Bp. Gardiner.

Unreclaimable

UNRECLA'IMABLE, adjective That cannot be reclaimed, reformed or domesticated.

Unreclaimed

UNRECLA'IMED, adjective Not reclaimed; not brought to a domestic state; not tamed; as a wild beast unreclaimed.

2. Not reformed; not called back from vice to virtue.

Rogers.

Unrecompensed

UNREC'OMPENSED, adjective Not recompensed; not rewarded.

Unreconcilable

UNRECONCI'LABLE, adjective That cannot be reconciled; that cannot be made consistent with; as two unreconcilable propositions. [In this sense, irreconcilable is generally used.]

2. Not reconcilable; not capable of being appeased; implacable.

Shak.

3. That cannot be persuaded to lay aside enmity or opposition, and to become friendly or favorable; as unreconcilable neighbors.

[Irreconcilable is generally used.]

Unreconciled

UNRECONCI'LED, adjective Not reconciled; not made consistent.

2. Not appeased; not having become favorable.

3. In a theological sense, not having laid aside opposition and enmity to God; not having made peace with God through faith in Christ.

Unrecorded

UNRECORD'ED, adjective Not recorded; not registered; as an unrecorded deed or lease.

2. Not kept in remembrance by public monuments.

Not unrecorded in the rolls of fame.

Pope.

Unrecounted

UNRECOUNT'ED, adjective Not recounted; not told; not related or recited.

Shak.

Unrecoverable

UNRECOVERABLE, adjective That cannot be recovered; past recovery.

Feltham.

2. That cannot be regained.

Unrecovered

UNRECOVERED, adjective Not recovered; not recalled into possession; not regained.

Drayton.

2. Not restored to health.

Unrecruitable

UNRECRUITABLE, adjective That cannot be recruited.

2. Incapable of recruiting. [Bad and not used.]

Milton.

Unrectified

UNREC'TIFIED, adjective Not rectified; not corrected or set right.

Unrecuring

UNRECU'RING, adjective That cannot be cured. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unredeemable

UNREDEE'MABLE, adjective That cannot be redeemed.

Unredeemed

UNREDEE'MED, adjective Not redeemed; not ransomed.

2. Not paid; not recalled into the treasury or bank by payment of the value in money; as unredeemed bills, notes or stock.

Unredressed

UNREDRESS'ED, adjective Not redressed; not relieved from injustice; applied to persons.

2. Not removed; not reformed; as unredressed evils.

Unreduced

UNREDU'CED, adjective Not reduced; not lessened in size, quantity or amount.

Unreducible

UNREDU'CIBLE, adjective Not capable of reduction.

Ash.

Unreducibleness

UNREDU'CIBLENESS, noun The quality of not being capable of reduction.

South.

Unreeve

UNREEVE, v. t. unree'v. To withdraw or take out a rope from a block, thimble, &c. [See Unreave.]

Unrefined

UNREFI'NED, adjective Not refined; not purified; as unrefined sugar.

2. Not refined or polished in manners.

Unreformable

UNREFORM'ABLE, adjective Not capable of being put into a new form.

Hammond.

2. That cannot be reformed or amended.

Cowper.

Unreformed

UNREFORM'ED, adjective Not reformed; not reclaimed from vice; as an unreformed youth.

2. Not amended; not corrected; as unreformed manners; unreformed vices.

3. Not reduced to truth and regularity; not freed from error; as an unreformed calendar.

Holder.

Unrefracted

UNREFRACT'ED, adjective Not refracted, as rays of light.

Unrefreshed

UNREFRESH'ED, adjective Not refreshed; not relieved from fatigue; not cheered.

Unrefreshing

UNREFRESH'ING, adjective Not refreshing; not invigorating; not cooling; not relieving from depression or toil.

Beddoes.

Unregarded

UNREG`ARDED, adjective Not regarded; not heeded; not noticed; neglected; slighted.

Dryden. Swift.

Unregardful

UNREG`ARDFUL, adjective Not giving attention; heedless; negligent.

Unregeneracy

UNREGEN'ERACY, noun State of being unregenerate or unrenewed in heart.

Hammond.

Unregenerate

UNREGEN'ERATE, adjective Not regenerated; not renewed in heart; remaining at enmity with God.

Stephens.

Unregistered

UNREG'ISTERED, adjective Not registered; not recorded.

Shak.

Unregulated

UNREG'ULATED, adjective Not regulated; not reduced to order.

Milner.

Unreined

UNREINED, adjective Not restrained by the bridle.

Milton.

Unrejoicing

UNREJOIC'ING, adjective Unjoyous; gloomy; sad.

Thomson.

Unrelated

UNRELA'TED, adjective Not related by blood or affinity.

2. Having no connection with.

Unrelative

UNREL'ATIVE, adjective Not relative; not relating; having no realtion to.

Chesterfield.

[Irrelative is more generally used.]

Unrelatively

UNREL'ATIVELY, adverb Without relation to. [Little used.]

Bolingbroke.

Unrelenting

UNRELENT'ING, adjective Not relenting; having no pity; hard; cruel; as an unrelenting heart.

2. Not yielding to pity; as unrelenting cruelty.

3. Not yielding to circumstances; inflexibly rigid; as an unrelenting rule.

Paley.

Unrelievable

UNRELIE'VABLE, adjective Admitting no relief or succor.

Boyle.

Unrelieved

UNRELIE'VED, adjective Not relieved; not eased or delivered from pain.

2. Not succored; not delivered from confinement or distress; as a garrison unrelieved.

3. Not released from duty; as an unrelieved sentinel.

Unremarkable

UNREM`ARKABLE, adjective Not remarkable; not worthy of particular notice.

2. Not capable of being observed.

Digby.

Unremarked

UNREM`ARKED, adjective Not remarked; unobserved.

Melmoth.

Unremediable

UNREME'DIABLE, adjective That cannot be cured; admitting no remedy.

Sidney.

Unremedied

UNREM'EDIED, adjective Not cured; not remedied.

Milton.

Unremembered

UNREMEM'BERED, adjective Not remembered; not retained in the mind; not recollected.

Wotton.

Unremembering

UNREMEM'BERING, adjective Having no memory or recollection.

Dryden.

Unremembrance

UNREMEM'BRANCE, noun Forgetfulness; want of remembrance. [Not in use.]

Watts.

Unremitted

UNREMIT'TED, adjective Not remitted; not forgiven; as punishment unremitted.

2. Not having a temporary relaxation; as pain unremitted.

3. Not relaxed; not abated.

Unremitting

UNREMIT'TING, adjective Not abating; not relaxing for a time; incessant; continued; as unremitting exertions.

Unremittingly

UNREMIT'TINGLY, adverb Without abatement or cessation.

Fleming.

Unremovable

UNREMOVABLE, adjective That cannot be removed; fixed.

Shak.

Unremovableness

UNREMOVABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being fixed and not capable of being removed.

Hall.

Unremovably

UNREMOVABLY, adverb In a manner that admits of no removal.

Shak.

Unremoved

UNREMOVED, adjective Not removed; not taken away.

2. Not capable of being removed.

Like Atlas unremov'd.

Milton.

Unrenewed

UNRENEW'ED, adjective Not made anew; as, the lease is unrenewed.

2. Not regenerated; not born of the Spirit; as a heart unrenewed.

Unrepaid

UNREPA'ID, adjective Not repaid; not compensated; not recompensed; as a kindness unrepaid.

Johnson.

Unrepealed

UNREPE'ALED, adjective Not repealed; not revoked or abrogated; remaining in force.

Unrepentance

UNREPENT'ANCE, noun State of being impenitent. [Little used.]

Warton.

Unrepentant

UNREPENT'ANT, or UNREPENT'ING, adjective Not repenting; not penitent; not contrite for sin.

Dryden.

Unrepented

UNREPENT'ED, adjective Not repented of.

Hooker.

Unrepining

UNREPI'NING, adjective Not repining; not peevishly murmuring or complaining.

Rowe.

Unrepiningly

UNREPI'NINGLY, adverb Without peevish complaints.

Unreplenished

UNREPLEN'ISHED, adjective Not replenished; not filled; not adequately supplied.

Boyle.

Unreposed

UNREPO'SED, a. s as z. Not reposed.

Unrepresented

UNREPRESENT'ED, a. s as z. Not represented; having no one to act in one's stead.

Unreprievable

UNREPRIE'VABLE, adjective That cannot be reprieved or respited from death.

Unreprieved

UNREPRIE'VED, adjective Not reprieved; not respited.

Unreproached

UNREPROACHED, adjective Not upbraided; not reproached.

Unreprovable

UNREPROVABLE, adjective Not deserving reproof; that cannot be justly censured. Colossians 1.

Unreproved

UNREPROVED, adjective Not reproved; not censured.

Sandys.

2. Not liable to reproof or blame.

Milton.

Unrepugnant

UNREPUG'NANT, adjective Not repugnant; not opposite.

Hooker.

Unreputable

UNREP'UTABLE, adjective Not reputable. [For this, disreputable is generally used.]

Unrequested

UNREQUEST'ED, adjective Not requested; not asked.

Knolles.

Unrequitable

UNREQUI'TABLE, adjective Not to be retaliated.

Boyle.

Unrequited

UNREQUI'TED, adjective Not requited; not recompensed.

Unrescued

UNRES'CUED, adjective Not rescued; not delivered.

Pollok.

Unresented

UNRESENT'ED, a. s as z. Not resented; not regarded with anger.

Rogers.

Unreserve

UNRESERVE, n. unrezerv'. Absence of reserve; frankness; freedom of communication.

Warton.

Unreserved

UNRESERV'ED, adjective Not reserved; not retained when a part is granted.

2. Not limited; not withheld in part; full; entire; as unreserved obedience to God's commands.

Rogers.

3. Open; frank; concealing or withholding nothing; free; as an unreserved disclosure of facts.

Unreservedly

UNRESERV'EDLY, adverb Without limitation or reservation.

Boyle.

2. With open disclosure; frankly; without concealment.

Pope.

Unreservedness

UNRESERV'EDNESS, noun Frankness; openness; freedom of communication; unlimitedness.

Boyle. Pope.

Unresisted

UNRESIST'ED, adjective [See Resist.] Not resisted; not opposed.

Bentley.

2. Resistless; such as cannot be successfully opposed.

Pope.

Unresistible

UNRESIST'IBLE, adjective Irresistible.

Temple.

Unresisting

UNRESIST'ING, adjective Not making resistance; yielding to physical force or to persuasion.

Dryden.

2. Submissive; humble.

Buckminster.

Unresistingly

UNRESIST'INGLY, adverb Without resistance.

Randolph.

Unresolvable

UNRESOLV'ABLE, a. s as z. That cannot be solved or resolved.

South.

Unresolved

UNRESOLV'ED, a. s as z. Not resolved; not determined.

Shak.

2. Not solved; not cleared.

Locke.

Unresolving

UNRESOLV'ING, a. s as z. Not resolving; undetermined.

Dryden.

Unrespectable

UNRESPECT'ABLE, adjective Not respectable. [Not used.]

Malone.

Unrespected

UNRESPECT'ED, adjective Not respected; not regarded with respect.

Shak.

Unrespective

UNRESPECT'IVE, adjective Inattentive; taking little notice. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unrespited

UNRES'PITED, adjective Not respited.

2. Admitting no pause or intermission.

Milton.

Unresponsible

UNRESPONS'IBLE, adjective Not answerable; not liable.

2. Not able to answer; not having the property to respond. [Irresponsible is also used in the like sense.]

Unrest

UNREST', noun Unquietness; uneasiness. [Not in use.]

Spenser. Wotton.

Unresting

UNREST'ING, adjective Not resting; continually in motion.

Byron.

Unrestored

UNRESTO'RED, adjective Not restored; not having recovered health.

2. Not restored to a former place, to favor, or to a former condition.

Unrestrainable

UNRESTRA'INABLE, adjective That cannot be restrained.

Darwin.

Unrestrained

UNRESTRA'INED, adjective Not restrained; not controlled; not confined; not hindered.

Dryden.

2. Licentious; loose.

Shak.

3. Not limited; as an unrestrained power; unrestrained truth.

Unrestraint

UNRESTRA'INT, noun Freedom from restraint.

Unrestricted

UNRESTRICT'ED, adjective Not restricted; not limited or confined.

Smollett.

Unretracted

UNRETRACT'ED, adjective Not retracted; not recalled.

Collier.

Unrevealed

UNREVE'ALED, adjective Not revealed; not discovered; not disclosed.

Pope.

Unrevenged

UNREVENG'ED, adjective Not revenged; as an injury unrevenged.

2. Not vindicated by just punishment.

Scipio's ghost walks unreveng'd.

Addison.

Unrevengeful

UNREVENGEFUL, a. unrevenj'ful. Not disposed to revenge.

Hacket.

Unrevenued

UNREV'ENUED, adjective Not furnished with a revenue.

Pollok.

Unreverend

UNREV'EREND, adjective Not reverend.

2. Disrespectful; irreverent; as an unreverend tongue.

Shak.

Unreverent

UNREV'ERENT, adjective Irreverent. [The latter is chiefly used.]

Unreverently

UNREV'ERENTLY, adverb Irreverently, which see.

Unreversed

UNREVERS'ED, adjective Not reversed; not annulled by a counter decision; as a judgment or decree unreversed.

Unrevised

UNREVI'SED, a. s as z. Not revised; not reviewed; not corrected.

Unrevived

UNREVI'VED, adjective Not revived; not recalled into life or force.

Unrevoked

UNREVO'KED, adjective Not revoked; not recalled; not annulled.

Milton.

Unrewarded

UNREWARD'ED, adjective Not rewarded; not compensated.

Pope.

Unriddle

UNRID'DLE, verb transitive To solve or explain; as, to unriddle an enigma or mystery.

2. To explain.

And where you can't unriddle, learn to trust.

Parnell.

Unriddled

UNRID'DLED, participle passive Explained; interpreted.

Unriddler

UNRID'DLER, noun One who explains an enigma.

Unriddling

UNRID'DLING, participle of the present tense Solving; explaining.

Unridiculous

UNRIDIC'ULOUS, adjective Not ridiculous.

Unrifled

UNRI'FLED, adjective Not rifled; not robbed; not stripped.

Hume.

Unrig

UNRIG', verb transitive To strip of both standing and running rigging.

Mar. Dict.

Unrigged

UNRIG'GED, participle passive Stripped of rigging.

Unrigging

UNRIG'GING, participle of the present tense Stripping of rigging.

Unright

UNRIGHT, adjective Not right; wrong. Obs.

Unrighteous

UNRIGHTEOUS, a. unri'chus. [Saxon unrihtwis; that is, not right-wise.]

1. Not righteous; not just; not conformed in heart and life to the divine law; evil; wicked; used of persons.

2. Unjust; contrary to law and equity; as an unrighteous decree or sentence.

Unrighteously

UNRIGHTEOUSLY, adv. unri'chusly. Unjustly; wickedly; sinfully.

Dryden.

Unrighteousness

UNRIGHTEOUSNESS, n. unri'chusness. Injustice; a violation of the divine law, or of the plain principles of justice and equity; wickedness. Unrighteousness may consist of a single unjust act, but more generally, when applied to persons, it denotes an habitual course of wickedness. Romans 1, 6:2 Corinthians 6.

Every transgression of the law is unrighteousness.

Hall.

Unrightful

UNRIGHTFUL, adjective Not rightful; not just.

Shak.

Unring

UNRING', verb transitive To deprive of a ring or of rings.

Hudibras.

Unrioted

UNRI'OTED, adjective Free from rioting. [Not used.]

May.

Unrip

UNRIP', verb transitive To rip. [This word is not merely useless, but improper.]

Bacon.

Unripe

UNRI'PE, adjective Not ripe; not mature; not brought to a state of perfection; as unripe fruit.

Shak.

2. Not seasonable; not yet proper.

He fix'd his unripe vengeance to defer.

Dryden.

3. Not prepared; not completed; as an unripe scheme.

4. Too early; as the unripe death of Dorilaus. [Unusual.]

Sidney.

Unripened

UNRI'PENED, adjective Not ripened; not matured.

Addison.

Unripeness

UNRI'PENESS, noun Want of ripeness; immaturity; as the unripeness of fruit or of a project.

Unrivaled

UNRI'VALED, adjective Having no rival; having no competitor.

Pope.

2. Having no equal; peerless.

Unrivet

UNRIV'ET, verb transitive To loose from rivets; to unfasten.

Hale.

Unriveted

UNRIV'ETED, participle passive Loosed from rivets; unfastened.

Unriveting

UNRIV'ETING, participle of the present tense Unfastening; loosing from rivets.

Unrobe

UNRO'BE, verb transitive To strip of a robe; to undress; to disrobe.

Young.

Unroll

UNROLL, verb transitive To open what is rolled or convolved; as, to unroll cloth.

2. To display.

Dryden.

Unrolled

UNROLLED, participle passive Opened, as a roll; displayed.

Unrolling

UNROLLING, participle of the present tense Opening, as a roll; displaying.

Unromanized

UNRO'MANIZED, adjective Not subjected to Roman arms or customs.

Whitaker.

Unromantic

UNROMAN'TIC, adjective Not romantic; not fanciful.

Swift.

Unroof

UNROOF', verb transitive To strip off the roof or covering of a house.

Unroofed

UNROOF'ED, participle passive Stripped of the roof.

Unroofing

UNROOF'ING, participle of the present tense Stripping of the roof.

Unroosted

UNROOST'ED, adjective Driven from the roost.

Shak.

Unroot

UNROOT', verb transitive To tear up by the roots; to extirpate; to eradicate; as, to unroot an oak.

Dryden.

Unroot

UNROOT', verb intransitive To be torn up by the roots.

Unrough

UNROUGH, a. unruff'. Not rough; unbearded; smooth.

Shak.

Unrounded

UNROUND'ED, adjective Not made round.

Donne.

Unrouted

UNROUT'ED, adjective Not routed; not thrown into disorder.

Beaum.

Unroyal

UNROY'AL, adjective Not royal; unprincely.

Sidney.

Unruffle

UNRUF'FLE, verb intransitive To cease from being ruffled or agitated; to subside to smoothness.

Addison.

Unruffled

UNRUF'FLED, adjective Calm; tranquil; not agitated.

Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea.

Addison.

2. Not disturbed; not agitated; as an unruffled temper.

Unruled

UNRU'LED, adjective Not ruled; not governed; not directed by superior power or authority.

Spenser.

Unruliness

UNRU'LINESS, noun [from unruly.] Disregard of restraint; licentiousness; turbulence; as the unruliness of men, or of their passions.

2. The disposition of a beast to break over fences and wander from an inclosure; the practice of breaking or leaping over fences.

Unruly

UNRU'LY, adjective Disregarding restraint; licentious; disposed to violate laws; turbulent; ungovernable; as an unruly youth.

The tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil. James 4.

2. Accustomed to break over fences and escape from inclosures; apt to break or leap fences; as an unruly ox.

The owner of the unruly ox paid a sum of money, as a civil penalty for the ransom of his life.

S. E. Dwight.

Unruminated

UNRU'MINATED, adjective Not well chewed; not well digested.

Bolingbroke.

Unrumple

UNRUM'PLE, verb transitive To free from rumples; to spread or lay even.

Addison.

Unsadden

UNSADDEN, v. t. unsad'n. To relieve from sadness.

Whitlock.

Unsaddle

UNSAD'DLE, verb transitive To strip of a saddle; to take the saddle from; as, to unsaddle a horse.

Unsaddled

UNSAD'DLED, participle passive Divested of the saddle.

2. adjective Not saddled; not having a saddle on.

Unsafe

UNSA'FE, adjective Not safe; not free from danger; exposed to harm or destruction.

Milton. Dryden.

2. Hazardous; as an unsafe adventure.

Unsafely

UNSA'FELY, adverb Not safely; not without danger; in a state exposed to loss, harm or destruction.

Grew.

Unsafety

UNSA'FETY, noun State of being unsafe; exposure to danger.

Bacon.

Unsaid

UNSAID, a. unsed'. Not said; not spoken; not uttered.

Dryden.

Unsaint

UNSA'INT, verb transitive To deprive of saintship.

South.

Unsainted

UNSA'INTED, participle passive Not sainted.

Unsalable

UNSA'LABLE, adjective Not salable; not in demand; not meeting a ready sale; as unsalable goods.

Unsalted

UNSALT'ED, adjective Not salted; not pickled; fresh; as unsalted meat.

Unsaluted

UNSALU'TED, adjective Not saluted; not greeted.

Unsanctified

UNSANC'TIFIED, adjective Not sanctified; unholy.

Thodey.

2. Not consecrated.

Unsanctioned

UNSANC'TIONED, adjective Not sanctioned; not ratified; not approved; not authorized.

Walsh.

Unsandaled

UNSAN'DALED, adjective Not wearing sandals.

Unsated

UNSA'TED, adjective Not sated; not satisfied or satiated.

Shenstone.

Unsatiable

UNSA'TIABLE, adjective That cannot be satisfied. [But insatiable is generally used.]

Unsatiate

UNSA'TIATE, adjective Not satisfied. Obs.

More.

[Insatiate is the word now used.]

Unsatisfaction

UNSATISFAC'TION, noun Dissatisfaction.

Brown.

Unsatisfactorily

UNSATISFAC'TORILY, adverb So as not to give satisfaction.

Unsatisfactoriness

UNSATISFAC'TORINESS, noun The quality or state of not being satisfactory; failure to give satisfaction.

Boyle.

Unsatisfactory

UNSATISFAC'TORY, adjective Not giving satisfaction; not convincing the mind.

2. Not giving content; as an unsatisfactory compensation.

Unsatisfiable

UNSAT'ISFIABLE, adjective That cannot be satisfied.

Taylor.

Unsatisfied

UNSAT'ISFIED, adjective Not satisfied; not having enough; not filled; not gratified to the full; as unsatisfied appetites or desires.

2. Not content; not pleased; as, to be unsatisfied with the choice of an officer; to be unsatisfied with the wages or compensation allowed.

3. Not settled in opinion; not resting in confidence of the truth of any thing; as, to be unsatisfied as to the freedom of the will.

4. Not convinced or fully persuaded. The judges appeared to be unsatisfied with the evidence.

5. Not fully paid.

An execution returned unsatisfied.

Daggett, Wheaton's Rep.

Unsatisfiedness

UNSAT'ISFIEDNESS, noun The state of being not satisfied or content.

Unsatisfying

UNSAT'ISFYING, adjective Not affording full gratification of appetite or desire; not giving content; not convincing the mind.

Addison.

Unsaturated

UNSAT'URATED, adjective Not saturated; not supplied to the full.

Chimistry.

Unsaved

UNSA'VED, adjective Not saved; not having eternal life.

Pollok.

Unsavorily

UNSA'VORILY, adverb So as to displease or disgust.

Milton.

Unsavoriness

UNSA'VORINESS, noun A bad taste or smell.

Johnson.

Unsavory

UNSA'VORY, adjective Tasteless; having no taste. Job 6.

2. Having a bad taste or smell.

Milton. Brown.

3. Unpleasing; disgusting.

Hooker. Shak.

Unsay

UNSA'Y, verb transitive pret. and pp. unsaid. To recant or recall what has been said; to retract; to deny something declared.

Say and unsay, feign, flatter or abjure.

Milton.

Unscaly

UNSCA'LY, adjective Not scaly; having no scales.

Gay.

Unscanned

UNSCAN'NED, adjective Not measured; not computed.

Shak.

Unscared

UNSCA'RED, adjective Not scared; not frightened away.

Unscarred

UNSC`ARRED, adjective Not marked with scars or wounds.

Shak.

Unscattered

UNSCAT'TERED, adjective Not scattered; not dispersed; not thrown into confusion.

Unscholarly

UNSCHOL'ARLY, adjective Not suitable to a scholar. [A bad word.]

Asiat. Res.

Unscholastic

UNSCHOLAS'TIC, adjective Not bred to literature; as unscholastic statesmen.

Locke.

2. Not scholastic.

Unschooled

UNSCHOOL'ED, adjective Not taught; not educated; illiterate.

Hooker.

Unscientific

UNSCIENTIF'IC, adjective Not scientific; not according to the rules or principles of science.

Unscientifically

UNSCIENTIF'ICALLY, adverb In a manner contrary to the rules or principles of science.

Unscintillating

UNSCIN'TILLATING, adjective Not sparkling; not emitting sparks.

J. Barlow.

Unscorched

UNSCORCH'ED, adjective Not scorched; not affected by fire.

Shak.

Unscorified

UNSCO'RIFIED, adjective Not scorified; not converted into dross.

Unscoured

UNSCOUR'ED, adjective Not scoured; not cleaned by rubbing; as unscoured armor.

Shak.

Unscratched

UNSCRATCH'ED, adjective Not scratched; not torn.

Shak.

Unscreened

UNSCREE'NED, adjective Not screened; not covered; not sheltered; not protected.

Boyle.

Unscrew

UNSCREW', verb transitive To draw the screws from; to loose from screws; to unfasten.

Burnet.

Unscrewed

UNSCREW'ED, participle passive Loosed from screws.

Unscrewing

UNSCREW'ING, participle of the present tense Drawing the screws from.

Unscriptural

UNSCRIP'TURAL, adjective Not agreeable to the Scriptures; not warranted by the authority of the word of God; as an unscriptural doctrine.

Unscripturally

UNSCRIP'TURALLY, adverb In a manner not according with the Scriptures.

Unscrupulous

UNSCRU'PULOUS, adjective Not scrupulous; having no scruples.

Mitford.

Unscrupulousnesss

UNSCRU'PULOUSNESSS, noun Want of scrupulousness.

Ib.

Unscrutable

UNSCRU'TABLE. [See Inscrutable.]

Unscutcheoned

UNSCUTCH'EONED, adjective Not honored with a coat of arms.

Pollok.

Unseal

UNSE'AL, verb transitive To break or remove the seal of; to open what is sealed; as, to unseal a letter.

Unsealed

UNSE'ALED, participle passive Opened, as something sealed.

2. adjective Not sealed; having no seal, or the seal broken.

Shak.

Unsealing

UNSE'ALING, participle of the present tense Breaking the seal of; opening.

Unseam

UNSE'AM, verb transitive To rip; to cut open.

Shak.

Unsearchable

UNSEARCHABLE, a. unserch'able. That cannot be searched or explored; inscrutable; hidden; mysterious.

The counsels of God are to us unsearchable.

Rogers.

Unsearchableness

UNSEARCHABLENESS, n. unserch'ableness.The quality or state of being unsearchable, or beyond the power of man to explore.

Bramhall.

Unsearchably

UNSEARCHABLY, adv. unserch'ably. In a manner so as not to be explored.

Unsearched

UNSEARCHED, a. unserch'ed. Not searched; not explored; not critically examined.

Unseasonable

UNSEASONABLE, a. unsee'znable. Not seasonable; not being in the proper season or time. He called at an unseasonable hour.

2. Not suited to the time or occasion; unfit; untimely; ill timed; as unseasonable advice; an unseasonable digression.

3. Late; being beyond the usual time. He came home at an unseasonable time of night.

4. Not agreeable to the time of the year; as an unseasonable frost. The frosts of 1816, in June, July and August, in New England, were considered unseasonable, as they were unusual.

Unseasonableness

UNSE'ASONABLENESS, noun [supra.] The quality or state of being unseasonable, ill timed, or out of the usual time.

Unseasonably

UNSE'ASONABLY, adverb Not seasonably; not in due time, or not in the usual time; not in the time best adapted to success.

Dryden. Arbuthnot.

Unseasoned

UNSEASONED, a. unsee'znd. Not seasoned; not exhausted of the natural juices and hardened for use; as unseasoned wood, boards, timber, &c.

2. Not inured; not accustomed; not fitted to endure any thing by use or habit; as, men unseasoned to tropical climates are exposed to fevers.

3. Unformed; not qualified by use or experience; as an unseasoned courtier.

Shak.

4. Not salted; not sprinkled, filled or impregnated with any thing to give relish; as unseasoned meat.

5. Unseasonable. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unseat

UNSE'AT, verb transitive To throw from the seat.

Cowper.

Unseated

UNSE'ATED, participle passive Thrown from the seat.

2. adjective Not seated; having no seat or bottom.

3. Not settled with inhabitants; as unseated lands. [We usually say, unsettled.]

Wolcott.

Unseaworthy

UNSE'AWORTHY, adjective Not fit for a voyage; not able to sustain the violence of the sea; as, the ship is unseaworthy.

Unseconded

UNSEC'ONDED, adjective Not seconded; not supported. The motion was unseconded; the attempt was unseconded.

2. Not exemplified a second time. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Unsecret

UNSE'CRET, adjective Not secret; not close; not trusty.

Shak.

Unsecret

UNSE'CRET, verb transitive To disclose; to divulge. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Unsecularize

UNSEC'ULARIZE, verb transitive To detach from secular things; to alienate from the world.

Chaldee Obs.

Unsecure

UNSECU'RE, adjective Not secure; not safe. [But insecure is generally used.]

Unseduced

UNSEDU'CED, adjective Not seduced; not drawn or persuaded to deviate from the path of duty.

Milton.

Unseeded

UNSEE'DED, adjective Not seeded; not sown. [Local.]

N. England.

Unseeing

UNSEE'ING, adjective Wanting the power of vision; not seeing.

Shak.

Unseem

UNSEE'M, verb intransitive Not to seem. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unseemliness

UNSEE'MLINESS, noun Uncomeliness; indecency; indecorum; impropriety.

Hooker.

Unseemly

UNSEE'MLY, adjective Not fit or becoming; uncomely; unbecoming; indecent.

My sons, let your unseemly discord cease.

Dryden.

Unseemly

UNSEE'MLY, adverb Indecently; unbecomingly.

Philips.

Unseen

UNSEE'N, adjective Not seen; not discovered.

Milton.

2. Invisible; not discoverable; as the unseen God.

3. Unskilled; inexperienced. [Not in use.]

Clarendon.

Unseized

UNSE'IZED, adjective Not seized; not apprehended.

2. Not possessed; not taken into possession.

Dryden.

Unseldom

UNSEL'DOM, adverb Not seldom.

Unselected

UNSELECT'ED, adjective Not selected; not separated by choice.

Unselecting

UNSELECT'ING, adjective Not selecting.

Unselfish

UNSELF'ISH, adjective Not selfish; not unduly attached to one's own interest.

Spectator.

Unsensible

UNSENS'IBLE, adjective Not sensible. [But insensible is now used.]

Unsent

UNSENT', adjective Not sent; not dispatched; not transmitted.

Unsent for, not called or invited to attend.

Taylor.

Unseparable

UNSEP'ARABLE, adjective That cannot be parted. [But inseparable is now used.]

Unseparated

UNSEP'ARATED, adjective Not separated or parted.

Pope.

Unsepulchered

UNSEP'ULCHERED, adjective Having no grave; unburied.

Chapman.

Unserved

UNSERV'ED, adjective Not served.

Unserviceable

UNSERV'ICEABLE, adjective Not serviceable; not bringing advantage, use, profit or convenience; useless; as an unserviceable utensil or garment; an unserviceable tract of land; unserviceable muskets.

Unserviceableness

UNSERV'ICEABLENESS, noun The quality or state of being useless; unfitness for use.

Sanderson.

Unserviceably

UNSERV'ICEABLY, adverb Without use; without advantage.

Woodward.

Unset

UNSET', adjective Not set; not placed.

Hooker.

2. Not sunk below the horizon.

Unsettle

UNSET'TLE, verb transitive To unfix; to move or loosen from a fixed state; to unhinge; to make uncertain or fluctuating; as, to unsettle doctrines and opinions.

2. To move from a place.

L'Estrange.

3. To overthrow.

Fleetwood.

Unsettle

UNSET'TLE, verb intransitive To become unfixed.

Shak.

Unsettled

UNSET'TLED, participle passive Unfixed; unhinged; rendered fluctuating.

2. adjective Not settled; not fixed; not determined; as doctrines, questions, opinions and the like.

3. Not established.

Dryden.

4. Not regular; unequal; changeable; as an unsettled season; unsettled weather.

Bentley.

5. Not having a legal settlement in a town or parish.

6. Having no fixed place of abode.

Hooker.

7. Not having deposited its fecalmatter; turbid; as unsettled liquor.

8. Having no inhabitants; not occupied by permanent inhabitants; as unsettled lands in America.

Belknap. Hamilton.

Unsettledness

UNSET'TLEDNESS, noun The state of being unfixed, unsettled or undetermined.

2. Irresolution; fluctuation of mind or opinions.

3. Uncertainty.

4. Want of fixedness; fluctuation.

South.

Unsettlement

UNSET'TLEMENT, noun Unsettled state; irresolution.

Barrow.

Unsettling

UNSET'TLING, participle of the present tense Unfixing; removing from a settled state.

Unsevered

UNSEV'ERED, adjective Not severed; not parted; not divided.

Shak.

Unsex

UNSEX', verb transitive To deprive of the sex, or to make otherwise than the sex commonly is.

Shak.

Unshackle

UNSHACK'LE, verb transitive To unfetter; to loose from bonds; to set free from restraint; as, to unshackle the hands; to unshackle the mind.

Unshackled

UNSHACK'LED, participle passive Loosed from shackles or restraint.

Unshackling

UNSHACK'LING, participle of the present tense Liberating from bonds or restraint.

Unshaded

UNSHA'DED, adjective Not shaded; not overspread with shade or darkness.

Boyle.

2. Not clouded; not having shades in coloring.

Unshadowed

UNSHAD'OWED, adjective Not clouded; not darkened.

Unshakable

UNSHA'KABLE, adjective That cannot be shaken. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unshaked

UNSHA'KED, for unshaken, not in use.

Shak.

Unshaken

UNSHA'KEN, adjective Not shaken; not agitated; not moved; firm; fixed.

2. Not moved in resolution; firm; steady.

3. Not subject to concussion.

Unshamed

UNSHA'MED, adjective Not shamed; not ashamed; not abashed.

Dryden.

Unshamefaced

UNSHA'MEFACED, adjective Wanting modesty; impudent.

Unshamefacedness

UNSHA'MEFACEDNESS, noun Want of modesty; impudence.

Chalmers.

Unshape

UNSHA'PE, verb transitive To throw out of form or into disorder; to confound; to derange. [Little used.]

Shak.

Unshapen

UNSHA'PEN, adjective Misshapen; deformed; ugly.

Addison.

Unshared

UNSHA'RED, adjective Not shared; not partaken or enjoyed in common; as unshared bliss.

Milton.

Unsheath

UNSHE'ATH, or UNSHE'ATHE, verb transitive To draw from the sheath or scabbard.

Unsheath thy sword.

Shak.

To unsheath the sword, to make war.

Unsheathed

UNSHE'ATHED, participle passive Drawn from the sheath.

Unsheathing

UNSHE'ATHING, participle of the present tense Drawing from the scabbard.

Unshed

UNSHED', adjective Not shed; not spilt; as blood unshed.

Milton.

Unsheltered

UNSHEL'TERED, adjective Not sheltered; not screened; not defended from danger or annoyance.

Decay of Piety.

Unshielded

UNSHIE'LDED, adjective Not defended by a shield; not protected; exposed.

Dryden.

Unship

UNSHIP', verb transitive To take out of a ship or other water craft; as, to unship goods.

2. To remove from the place where it is fixed or fitted; as, to unship an oar; to unship capstan bars.

Mar. Dict.

Unshipped

UNSHIP'PED, participle passive Removed from a ship or from its place.

2. Destitute of a ship.

Unshocked

UNSHOCK'ED, adjective Not shocked; not disgusted; not astonished.

Tickel.

Unshod

UNSHOD', adjective Not shod; having no shoes.

Clarendon.

Unshook

UNSHOOK', adjective Not shaken; not agitated.

Pope.

Unshorn

UNSHORN, adjective Not shorn; not sheared; not clipped; as unshorn locks.

Milton.

Unshot

UNSHOT', adjective Not hit by shot.

Waller.

2. Not shot; not discharged.

Unshout

UNSHOUT', verb transitive To retract a shout. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unshowered

UNSHOW'ERED, adjective Not watered or sprinkled by showers; as unshowered grass.

Milton.

Unshrinking

UNSHRINK'ING, adjective Not shrinking; not withdrawing from danger or toil; not recoiling; as unshrinking firmness.

Unshrunk

UNSHRUNK', adjective Not shrunk; not contracted.

Unshunnable

UNSHUN'NABLE, adjective That cannot be shunned; inevitable. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unshunned

UNSHUN'NED, adjective Not shunned; not avoided.

Unshut

UNSHUT', adjective Not shut; open; unclosed.

Unsifted

UNSIFT'ED, adjective Not sifted; not separated by a sieve.

May.

2. Not critically examined; untried.

Unsight unseen, a vulgar phrase, denoting unseeing unseen, or unseen repeated; as, to buy a thing unsight unseen, that is, without seeing it.

Unsighted

UNSIGHTED, adjective Not seen; invisible. Obs.

Shak.

Unsightliness

UNSIGHTLINESS, noun Disagreeableness to the sight; deformity; ugliness.

Wiseman.

Unsightly

UNSIGHTLY, adjective Disagreeable to the eye; ugly; deformed.

Milton.

Unsignalized

UNSIG'NALIZED, adjective Not signalized or distinguished.

Unsignificant

UNSIGNIF'ICANT, adjective Having no meaning. Obs. [See Insignificant.]

Unsilvered

UNSIL'VERED, adjective Not covered with quick-silver; as an unsilvered mirror.

Ure.

Unsincere

UNSINCE'RE, adjective Not sincere; hypocritical. [See Insincere.]

2. Not genuine; adulterated.

Boyle.

3. Not sound; not solid.

[Obsolete in the two last significations, and for the first, insincere is generally used.]

Unsincerity

UNSINCER'ITY, noun Insincerity; cheat, [Not used.] [See Insincerity.]

Unsinew

UNSIN'EW, verb transitive To deprive of strength.

Dryden.

Unsinewed

UNSIN'EWED, participle passive or adjective Deprived of strength or force; weak; nerveless.

Shak.

Unsinewing

UNSIN'EWING, participle of the present tense Depriving of strength; enfeebling.

Unsinged

UNSING'ED, adjective Not singed; not scorched.

Brown.

Unsingled

UNSIN'GLED, adjective Not singled; not separated.

Dryden.

Unsinking

UNSINK'ING, adjective Not sinking; not failing.

Unsinning

UNSIN'NING, adjective Committing no sin; impeccable; untainted with sin; as unsinning obedience.

Rogers.

Unsizable

UNSI'ZABLE, adjective Not being of the proper size, magnitude or bulk.

Smollett.

Unsized

UNSI'ZED, adjective Not sized; as unsized paper.

Unskilled

UNSKILL'ED, adjective Wanting skill; destitute of readiness or dexterity in performance.

Pope.

2. Destitute of practical knowledge.

Dryden.

Unskillful

UNSKILL'FUL, adjective Not skillful; wanting the knowledge and dexterity which are acquired by observation, use and experience; as an unskillful surgeon; an unskillful mechanic; an unskillful logician.

Unskillfully

UNSKILL'FULLY, adverb Without skill, knowledge or dexterity; clumsily.

Shak.

Unskillfulness

UNSKILL'FULNESS, noun Want of art or knowledge; want of that readiness in action or execution, which is acquired by use, experience and observation.

Taylor.

Unslain

UNSLA'IN, adjective Not slain; not killed.

Dryden.

Unslaked

UNSLA'KED, adjective Not slaked; unquenched; as unslaked thirst.

Unslaked

UNSLAK'ED, adjective Not saturated with water; as unslaked lime.

Unsleeping

UNSLEE'PING, adjective Not sleeping; ever wakeful.

Milton.

Unsling

UNSLING', verb transitive In seamen's language, to take off the slings of a yard, a cask, &c.

Unslipping

UNSLIP'PING, adjective Not slipping; not liable to slip.

Shak.

Unslow

UNSLOW, adjective Not slow. [Not in use.]

Unslumbering

UNSLUM'BERING, adjective Never sleeping or slumbering; always watching or vigilant.

Thodey.

Unsmirched

UNSMIRCH'ED, adjective Not stained; not soiled or blacked.

Shak.

Unsmoked

UNSMO'KED, adjective Not smoked; not dried in smoke.

2. Not used in smoking, as a pipe.

Swift.

Unsmooth

UNSMOOTH', adjective Not smooth; not even; rough.

Milton.

Unsober

UNSO'BER, adjective Not sober. [Not used.]

Unsociable

UNSO'CIABLE, adjective Not suitable to society; not having the qualities which are proper for society, and which render it agreeable; as an unsociable temper.

2. Not apt to converse; not free in conversation; reserved.

Unsociably

UNSO'CIABLY, adverb Not kindly.

2. With reserve.

Unsocial

UNSO'CIAL, adjective Not adapted to society; not beneficial to society.

Shenstone.

Unsocket

UNSOCK'ET, verb transitive To loose or take from a socket.

Swift.

Unsoft

UNSOFT', adjective Not soft; hard. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Unsoft

UNSOFT', adverb Not with softness. Obs.

Spenser.

Unsoiled

UNSOIL'ED, adjective Not soiled; not stained; unpolluted.

Dryden.

2. Not disgraced; not tainted; as character.

Unsold

UNSOLD, adjective Not sold; not transferred for a consideration.

Unsoldiered

UNSOLDIERED, adjective Not having the qualities of a soldier. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Unsoldierlike

UNSOLDIERLIKE, or UNSOLDIERLY, adjective [See soldier.] Unbecoming a soldier.

Broome.

Unsolicited

UNSOLIC'ITED, adjective Not solicited; not requested; unasked.

Halifax.

2. Not asked for; as an unsolicited favor.

Unsolicitous

UNSOLIC'ITOUS, adjective Not solicitous; not anxious; not very desirous.

Unsolid

UNSOL'ID, adjective Not solid; not firm; not substantial; as unsolid arguments or reasoning; an unsolid foundation.

2. Fluid.

Locke.

Unsolvable

UNSOLV'ABLE, adjective That cannot be solved; inexplicable.

More.

Unsolved

UNSOLV'ED, adjective Not solved; not explained.

Watts.

Unsonable

UNSO'NABLE, adjective That cannot be sounded. Obs.

Unsoot

UNSOOT, for unsweet. Obs.

Spenser.

Unsophisticated

UNSOPHIS'TICATED, adjective Not adulterated by mixture; not counterfeit; pure; as unsophisticated drugs; unsophisticated arguments.

Locke.

Unsorrowed

UNSOR'ROWED, adjective Not lamented; not bewailed.

Hooker.

Unsorted

UNSORT'ED, adjective Not separated into sorts; not distributed according to kinds or classes; as unsorted types; unsorted ideas.

Watts.

Unsought

UNSOUGHT, a. unsaut'. Not sought; not searched for.

2. Had without searching; as unsought honor; unsought ideas.

Locke.

Unsoul

UNSOUL, verb transitive To deprive of mind or understanding.

Shelton.

Unsound

UNSOUND', adjective Not sound; defective; as unsound timber.

2. Infirm; sickly; as unsound in health; an unsound constitution.

3. Not orthodox; defective; as unsound in faith; unsound doctrine.

Milner.

4. Not sound in character; not honest; not faithful; not to be trusted; defective; deceitful.

Shak.

5. Not true; not solid; not real; not substantial; as unsound pleasures; unsound delights.

Spenser.

6. Not close; not compact; as unsound cheese.

Mortimer.

7. Not sincere; not faithful; as unsound love.

Gay.

8. Not solid; not material.

Spenser.

9. Erroneous; wrong; deceitful; sophistical; as unsound arguments.

10. Not strong; as unsound ice.

11. Not fast; not calm; as unsound sleep.

12. Not well established; defective; questionable; as unsound credit.

Hamilton.

Unsounded

UNSOUND'ED, adjective Not sounded; not tried with the lead.

Unsoundly

UNSOUND'LY, adverb Not with soundness; as, he reasons unsoundly; he sleeps unsoundly.

Unsoundness

UNSOUND'NESS, noun Defectiveness; as the unsoundness of timber.

2. Defectiveness of faith; want of orthodoxy.

Hooker.

3. Corruptness; want of solidity; as the unsoundness of principles.

Hooker.

4. Defectiveness; as the unsoundness of fruit.

5. Infirmity; weakness; as of body; as the unsoundness of the body or constitution.

Unsoured

UNSOUR'ED, adjective Not made sour.

Bacon.

2. Not made morose or crabbed.

Dryden.

Unsowed

UNSOWED, or UNSOWN, adjective Not sown; not sowed; as unsown or unsowed ground.

Bacon.

2. Not scattered on land for seed; as seed unsown.

3. Not propagated by seed scattered; as unsown flowers.

Dryden.

Unspared

UNSPA'RED, adjective Not spared.

Milton.

Unsparing

UNSPA'RING, adjective Not parsimonious; liberal; profuse.

Milton.

2. Not merciful or forgiving.

Milton.

Unsparingness

UNSPA'RINGNESS, noun The quality of being liberal or profuse.

Mitford.

Unspeak

UNSPE'AK, verb transitive To recant; to retract what has been spoken.

Shak.

Unspeakable

UNSPE'AKABLE, adjective That cannot be uttered; that cannot be expressed; unutterable; as unspeakable grief or rage. 2 Corinthians 12.

Joy unspeakable and full of glory. 1 Peter 1.

Unspeakably

UNSPE'AKABLY, adverb In a manner or degree that cannot be expressed; inexpressibly; unutterably.

Unspecified

UNSPEC'IFIED, adjective Not specified; not particularly mentioned.

Brown.

Unspecious

UNSPE'CIOUS, adjective Not specious; not plausible.

Asiat. Res.

Unspeculative

UNSPEC'ULATIVE, adjective Not speculative or theoretical.

Unsped

UNSPED', adjective Not performed; not dispatched. Obs.

Garth.

Unspent

UNSPENT', adjective Not spent; not used or wasted; as water in a cistern unspent.

2. Not exhausted; as strength or force unspent.

3. Not having lost its force or impulse; as an unspent ball.

Unsphere

UNSPHE'RE, verb transitive To remove from its orb.

Shak.

Unspied

UNSPI'ED, adjective Not searched; not explored.

Milton.

2. Not seen; not discovered.

Tickel.

Unspilt

UNSPILT', adjective Not spilt; not shed.

2. Not spoiled. [Not in use.]

Tusser.

Unspirit

UNSPIR'IT, verb transitive To depress in spirits; to dispirit; to dishearten. [Little used. The word used is dispirit.]

Unspirited

UNSPIR'ITED, participle passive Dispirited.

Unspiritual

UNSPIR'ITUAL, adjective Not spiritual; carnal; worldly.

Swift.

Unspiritualize

UNSPIR'ITUALIZE, verb transitive To deprive of spirituality.

South.

Unsplit

UNSPLIT', adjective Not split; as, unsplit wood will not season.

Unspoiled

UNSPOIL'ED, adjective Not spoiled; not corrupted; not ruined; not rendered useless.

Pope.

2. Not plundered; not pillaged.

Unspotted

UNSPOT'TED, adjective Not stained; free from spot.

2. Free from moral stain; untainted with guilt; unblemished; immaculate; as unspotted reputation.

Unspottedness

UNSPOT'TEDNESS, noun State of being free from stain or guilt.

Feltham.

Unsquared

UNSQUA'RED, adjective Not made square; as unsquared timber.

2. Not regular; not formed.

Shak.

Unsquire

UNSQUI'RE, verb transitive To divest of the title or privilege of an esquire.

Swift.

Unstable

UNSTA'BLE, adjective [Latin instabilis.] Not stable; not fixed.

2. Not steady; inconstant; irresolute; wavering. James 1.

Unstableness

UNSTA'BLENESS, noun Instability.

Unstaid

UNSTA'ID, adjective Not steady; mutable; not settled in judgment; volatile; fickle; as unstaid youth.

Shak.

Unstaidness

UNSTA'IDNESS, noun Unfixed or volatile state or disposition; mutability; fickleness; indiscretion.

2. Uncertain motion; unsteadiness.

Sidney.

Unstained

UNSTA'INED, adjective Not stained; not dyed.

2. Not polluted; not tarnished; not dishonored; as an unstained character.

Unstanched

UNST`ANCHED, adjective Not stanched; not stopped; as blood.

Unstate

UNSTA'TE, verb transitive To deprive of dignity.

Shak.

Unstatutable

UNSTAT'UTABLE, adjective Contrary to statute; not warranted by statute.

Swift.

Unsteadfast

UNSTEADFAST, a. unsted'fast. Not fixed; not standing or being firm.

2. Not firmly adhering to a purpose.

Unsteadfastness

UNSTEADFASTNESS, n. unsted'fastness. Want of steadfastness; instability; inconstancy.

K. James.

Unsteadily

UNSTEADILY, adv. unsted'ily. Without steadiness; in a wavering, vacillating manner.

2. Inconstantly; in a fickle manner.

3. Not in the same manner at different times; variously.

Locke.

Unsteadiness

UNSTEADINESS, n. unsted'iness. Unstableness; inconstancy; want of firmness; irresolution; mutableness of opinion or purpose.

Addison.

2. Frequent change of place; vacillation.

Unsteady

UNSTEADY, a. unsted'y. Not steady; not constant; irresolute.

Denham.

2. Mutable; variable; changeable; as unsteady winds.

3. Not adhering constantly to any fixed plan or business.

Unsteeped

UNSTEE'PED, adjective Not steeped; not soaked.

Bacon.

Unstimulated

UNSTIM'ULATED, adjective Not stimulated; not excited; as unstimulated nature.

Latin Beecher.

Unstimulating

UNSTIM'ULATING, adjective Not exciting motion or action.

Unsting

UNSTING', verb transitive To disarm of a sting.

South.

Elegant dissertations on virtue and viceÃ‚--will not unsting calamity.

J. M. Mason.

Unstinged

UNSTING'ED, participle passive Deprived of its sting.

Pollok.

Unstinted

UNSTINT'ED, adjective Not stinted; not limited.

Skelton.

Unstirred

UNSTIRRED, a. unstur'red. Not stirred; not agitated.

Boyle.

Unstitch

UNSTITCH', verb transitive To open by picking out stitches.

Collier.

Unstitched

UNSTITCH'ED, adjective Not stitched.

Unstooping

UNSTOOP'ING, adjective Not stooping; not bending; not yielding; as unstooping firmness.

Shak.

Unstop

UNSTOP', verb transitive To free from a stopple, as a bottle or cask.

2. To free from any obstruction; to open.

Boyle.

Unstopped

UNSTOP'PED, participle passive Opened.

2. adjective Not meeting any resistance.

Dryden.

Unstopping

UNSTOP'PING, participle of the present tense Taking out a stopper; opening; freeing from obstruction.

Unstored

UNSTO'RED, adjective Not stored; not laid up in store; not warehoused.

2. Not supplied with stores; as a fort unstored with provisions.

Unstormed

UNSTORM'ED, adjective Not assaulted; not taken by assault.

Addison.

Unstrained

UNSTRA'INED, adjective Not strained; as unstrained oil.

2. Easy; not forced; natural; as an unstrained derivation.

Hakewill.

Unstraitened

UNSTRA'ITENED, adjective Not straitened; not contracted.

Unstratified

UNSTRA'TIFIED, adjective Not stratified; not formed or being in strata or layers.

Cleaveland.

Unstrengthened

UNSTRENGTH'ENED, adjective Not strengthened; not supported; not assisted.

Hooker.

Unstring

UNSTRING', verb transitive To relax tension; to loosen; as, to unstring the nerves.

2. To deprive of strings; as, to unstring a harp.

3. To loose; to untie.

4. To take from a string; as, to unstring beads.

Unstruck

UNSTRUCK', adjective Not struck; not impressed; not affected; as unstruck with horror.

Philips.

Unstudied

UNSTUD'IED, adjective Not studied; not premeditated.

Dryden.

2. Not labored; easy; natural; as an unstudied style.

Unstudious

UNSTU'DIOUS, adjective Not studious; not diligent in study.

Dwight.

Unstuffed

UNSTUFF'ED, adjective Not stuffed; not filled; not crowded.

Shak.

Unsubdued

UNSUBDU'ED, adjective Not subdued; not brought into subjection; not conquered; as nations or passions unsubdued.

Unsubject

UNSUB'JECT, adjective Not subject; not liable; not obnoxious.

Unsubjected

UNSUBJECT'ED, adjective Not subjected; not subdued.

Unsubmissive

UNSUBMIS'SIVE, adjective Not submissive; disobedient.

Unsubmitting

UNSUBMIT'TING, adjective Not submitting; not obsequious; not readily yielding.

Thomson.

Unsubordinated

UNSUBOR'DINATED, adjective Not subordinated or reduced to subjection.

Unsuborned

UNSUBORN'ED, adjective Not suborned; not procured by secret collusion.

Ash. Hume.

Unsubsidized

UNSUB'SIDIZED, adjective Not engaged in another's service by receiving subsidies.

Unsubstantial

UNSUBSTAN'TIAL, adjective Not substantial; not solid.

Milton.

2. Not real; not having substance.

Addison.

Unsucceeded

UNSUCCEE'DED, adjective Not succeeded; not followed.

Milton.

Unsuccessful

UNSUCCESS'FUL, adjective Not successful; not producing the desired event; not fortunate.

Addison.

Unsuccessfully

UNSUCCESS'FULLY, adverb Without success; without a favorable issue; unfortunately.

South.

Unsuccessfulness

UNSUCCESS'FULNESS, noun Want of success or favorable issue.

Unsuccessive

UNSUCCESS'IVE, adjective Not proceeding by a flux of parts or by regular succession.

Hale.

Unsucked

UNSUCK'ED, adjective Not having the breasts drawn.

Milton.

Unsufferable

UNSUF'FERABLE, adjective Not sufferable; not to be endured; intolerable. [But the word now used is insufferable.]

Unsufferably

UNSUF'FERABLY, adverb So as not to be endured. [For this, insufferably is chiefly used.]

Unsuffering

UNSUF'FERING, adjective Not suffering; not tolerating.

Young.

Unsufficience

UNSUFFI'CIENCE, noun Inability to answer the end proposed. [For this, insufficiency is used.]

Unsufficient

UNSUFFI'CIENT, adjective Not sufficient; inadequate. [For this, insufficient is now used.]

Unsugared

UNSUGARED, adjective UNSHOOG'ARED. Not sweetened with sugar.

Bacon.

Unsuitable

UNSUITABLE, adjective Not suitable; unfit; not adapted; as timber unsuitable for a bridge.

2. Unbecoming; improper; as a dress unsuitable for a clergyman; unsuitable returns for favors.

Unsuitableness

UNSUITABLENESS, noun Unfitness; incongruity; impropriety.

South.

Unsuitably

UNSUITABLY, adverb In a manner unbecoming or improper.

2. Incongruously; as a man and wife unsuitably matched.

Unsuited

UNSUITED, adjective Not suited; not fitted; not adapted; not accommodated.

Unsuiting

UNSUITING, adjective Not fitting; not becoming.

Shak.

Unsullied

UNSUL'LIED, adjective Not sullied; not stained; not tarnished.

2. Not disgraced; free from imputation of evil.

Unsung

UNSUNG', adjective Not sung; not celebrated in verse; not recited in verse.

Addison.

Unsunned

UNSUN'NED, adjective Not having been exposed to the sun.

Milton.

Unsuperfluous

UNSUPER'FLUOUS, adjective Not more than enough.

Milton.

Unsupplanted

UNSUPPLANT'ED, adjective Not supplanted; not overthrown by secret means or stratagem.

Unsupplied

UNSUPPLI'ED, adjective Not supplied; not furnished with things necessary.

Dryden.

Unsupportable

UNSUPPORTABLE, adjective That cannot be supported; intolerable. [But insupportable is generally used.]

Unsupportableness

UNSUPPORTABLENESS, noun Insupportableness. [The latter is chiefly used.]

Unsupportably

UNSUPPORTABLY, adverb Insupportably. [The latter is generally used.]

Unsupported

UNSUPPORTED, adjective Not supported; not upheld; not sustained.

Milton.

2. Not countenanced; not assisted.

Brown.

Unsuppressed

UNSUPPRESS'ED, adjective Not suppressed; not subdued; not extinguished.

Unsure

UNSU'RE, adjective [See Sure.] Not fixed; not certain.

Pope.

Unsurmountable

UNSURMOUNT'ABLE, adjective That cannot be surmounted or overcome; insuperable.

Locke.

Unsurpassed

UNSURP`ASSED, adjective Not surpassed; not exceeded.

Unsusceptible

UNSUSCEP'TIBLE, adjective Not susceptible; not capable of admitting or receiving; as a heart unsusceptible of impressions; a substance unsusceptible of change or of permanent colors.

Unsuspect

UNSUSPECT', for unsuspected, is not in use.

Unsuspected

UNSUSPECT'ED, adjective Not suspected; not considered as likely to have done an evil act, or to have a disposition to evil.

Swift. Dryden.

Unsuspectedly

UNSUSPECT'EDLY, adverb In a manner to avoid suspicion.

Pope.

Unsuspecting

UNSUSPECT'ING, adjective Not imagining that any ill is designed; free from suspicion.

Pope.

Unsuspicious

UNSUSPI'CIOUS, adjective Having no suspicion; not indulging the imagination of evil in others; as an unsuspicious youth.

2. Not to be suspected; as unsuspicious testimony.

Mitford.

Unsuspiciously

UNSUSPI'CIOUSLY, adverb Without suspicion.

Unsustainable

UNSUSTA'INABLE, adjective Not sustainable; that cannot be maintained or supported; as unsustainable pain; a suit in law unsustainable.

Unsustained

UNSUSTA'INED, adjective Not sustained; not supported; not seconded.

Unswathe

UNSWA'THE, verb transitive To take a swathe from; to relieve from a bandage.

Addison.

Unswayable

UNSWA'YABLE, adjective That cannot be swayed, governed or influenced by another. [Little used.]

Shak.

Unswayed

UNSWA'YED, adjective Not swayed; not wielded; as a scepter.

2. Not biased; not controlled or influenced.

Unswear

UNSWEAR, verb transitive To recant or recall an oath.

Spenser.

Unsweat

UNSWEAT, v. t. unswet'. To ease or cool after exercise or toil. [A bad word and not used.]

Milton.

Unsweating

UNSWEATING, a. unswet'ing. Not sweating.

Dryden.

Unsweet

UNSWEE'T, adjective Not sweet. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Unswept

UNSWEPT', adjective Not cleaned with a broom; not swept; not brushed.

Shak.

Unsworn

UNSWORN, adjective Not sworn; not bound by an oath; not having taken an oath; as, the witness is unsworn.

Unsymmetrical

UNSYMMET'RICAL, adjective Wanting symmetry or due proportion of parts.

Unsystematic

UNSYSTEMAT'IC, or UNSYSTEMAT'ICAL, adjective Not systematic; not having regular order, distribution or arrangement of parts.

Ames.

Unsystemized

UNSYS'TEMIZED, adjective Not systemized; not arranged in due order; not formed into system.

Untack

UNTACK', verb transitive To separate what is tacked; to disjoin; to loosen what is fast.

Milton.

Untainted

UNTA'INTED, adjective Not rendered impure by admixture; not impregnated with foul matter; as untainted air.

2. Not sullied; not stained; unblemished; as untainted virtue or reputation.

3. Not rendered unsavory by putrescence; as untainted meat.

4. Not charged with a crime; not accused; as, he lived untainted.

Shak.

Untaintedly

UNTA'INTEDLY, adverb Without spot; without blemish; without imputation of crime.

Untaintedness

UNTA'INTEDNESS, noun State or quality of being untainted; purity.

Hall.

Untaken

UNTAKEN, a. unta'kn. Not taken; not seized; not apprehended; as a thief untaken.

2. Not reduced; not subdued; as untaken Troy.

Pope.

3. Not swallowed.

Untaken away, not removed. 2 Corinthians 3.

Untaken up, not occupied; not filled.

Boyle.

Untalked of, not talked of; not made the subject of conversation.

Untamable

UNTA'MABLE, adjective That cannot be tamed or domesticated; that cannot be reclaimed from a wild state.

Grew.

2. Not to be subdued or reduced to control.

Untamed

UNTA'MED, adjective Not reclaimed from wildness; not domesticated; not made familiar with man; as an untamed beast.

2. Not subdued; not brought under control; as a turbulent, untamed mind.

Dryden.

3. Not softened or rendered mild by culture; as an untamed people.

Spenser.

Untangle

UNTAN'GLE, verb transitive To disentangle; to loose from tangles or intricacy; as, to untangle thread.

Untangle this cruel chain.

Prior.

Untangled

UNTAN'GLED, participle passive Disentangled.

Untangling

UNTAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Disentangling.

Untarnished

UNT`ARNISHED, adjective Not soiled; not tarnished; not stained; unblemished; as untarnished silk; untarnished reputation.

Untasted

UNTASTED, adjective Not tasted; not tried by the taste or tongue.

2. Not enjoyed; as untasted pleasures.

Untasteful

UNTASTEFUL, adjective Having no taste; being without taste.

Untastefully

UNTASTEFULLY, adverb Without taste or gracefulness; in bad taste.

Br. Rev.

Untasting

UNTASTING, adjective Not tasting; not perceiving by the taste.

Smith.

Untaught

UNTAUGHT, a. untaut'. Not taught; not instructed; not educated; unlettered; illiterate.

Dryden.

2. Unskilled; new; not having use or practice.

A tongue untaught to plead for favor.

Shak.

Untaxed

UNTAX'ED, adjective Not taxed; not charged with taxes.

2. Not accused.

Unteach

UNTE'ACH, verb transitive pret. and pp. untaught. To cause to forget or lose what has been taught.

Experience will unteach us.

Brown.

Unteachable

UNTE'ACHABLE, adjective That cannot be taught or instructed; indocile.

Milton.

Unteachableness

UNTE'ACHABLENESS, noun The quality of not readily receiving instruction; indocility.

Scott.

Unteeming

UNTEE'MING, adjective Not producing young; barren.

Untemperate

UNTEM'PERATE, adjective Intemperate. [The latter is now used.]

Untempered

UNTEM'PERED, adjective Not tempered; not duly mixed for use; not durable or strong.

Untempted

UNTEMPT'ED, adjective Not tempted; not tried by enticements or persuasions; not invited by any thing alluring.

Untenable

UNTEN'ABLE, adjective Not tenable; that cannot be held in possession; as an untenable post or fort.

Dryden. Clarendon.

2. That cannot be maintained or supported; not defensible; as an untenable doctrine; untenable ground in argument.

Untenantable

UNTEN'ANTABLE, adjective Not fit for an occupant; not in suitable repair or condition for a tenant.

Untenanted

UNTEN'ANTED, adjective Not occupied by a tenant; not inhabited.

Temple.

Untended

UNTEND'ED, adjective Not tended; not having any attendant.

Thomson.

Untender

UNTEN'DER, adjective Not tender; not soft.

2. Wanting sensibility or affection.

Shak.

Untendered

UNTEND'ERED, adjective Not tendered; not offered; as untendered money or tribute.

Shak.

Untent

UNTENT', verb transitive To bring out of a tent. [Little used.]

Shak.

Untented

UNTENT'ED, adjective Not having a medical tent applied.

Shak.

Unterrified

UNTER'RIFIED, adjective Not terrified; not affrighted; not daunted.

Milton.

Untested

UNTEST'ED, adjective Not tested; not tried by a standard.

Adams' Lect.

Unthanked

UNTHANK'ED, adjective Not thanked; not repaid with acknowledgments.

Dryden.

2. Not received with thankfulness; as an unthanked reprieve. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Unthankful

UNTHANK'FUL, adjective Not thankful; ungrateful; not making acknowledgments for good received.

For he is kind to the unthankful and to the evil. Luke 6.

Unthankfully

UNTHANK'FULLY, adverb Without thanks; without a grateful acknowledgment of favors.

Boyle.

Unthankfulness

UNTHANK'FULNESS, noun Neglect or omission of acknowledgment for good received; want of a sense of kindness or benefits; ingratitude.

Immoderate favors breed first unthankfulness, and afterwards hate.

Hayward.

[See Tacitus' Ann. iv. 18.]

Unthawed

UNTHAW'ED, adjective Not thawed; not melted or dissolved; as ice or snow.

Pope.

Unthink

UNTHINK', verb transitive To dismiss a thought.

Shak.

Unthinking

UNTHINK'ING, adjective Not thinking; not heedful; thoughtless; inconsiderate; as unthinking youth.

2. Not indicating thought or reflection; as a round unthinking face.

Pope.

Unthinkingness

UNTHINK'INGNESS, noun Want of thought or reflection; habitual thoughtlessness.

Halifax.

Unthorny

UNTHORN'Y, adjective Not thorny; free from thorns.

Brown.

Unthoughtful

UNTHOUGHTFUL, a. unthaut'ful. Thoughtless; heedless.

Cowley.

Unthought of, not thought of; not regarded; not heeded.

Shak.

Unthread

UNTHREAD, v. t. unthred'. To draw or take out a thread from; as, to unthread a needle.

2. To loose.

Milton.

Unthreaded

UNTHREAD'ED, participle passive Deprived of a thread.

Unthreading

UNTHREAD'ING, participle of the present tense Depriving of a thread.

Unthreatened

UNTHREATENED, a. unthret'ened. Not threatened; not menaced.

K. Charles.

Unthrift

UN'THRIFT, noun A prodigal; one who wastes his estate by extravagance.

Dryden.

Unthriftily

UNTHRIFT'ILY, adverb Without frugality.

Collier.

Unthriftiness

UNTHRIFT'INESS, noun Waste of property without necessity or use; prodigality; profusion.

Hayward.

Unthrifty

UNTHRIFT'Y, adjective Prodigal; lavish; profuse; spending property without necessity or use.

Sidney.

2. Not thriving; not gaining property; as an unthrifty farmer.

3. Not gaining flesh; as an unthrifty ox.

4. Not vigorous in growth, as a plant.

Unthriving

UNTHRI'VING, adjective Not thriving; not prospering in temporal affairs; not gaining property.

Unthrone

UNTHRO'NE, verb transitive To remove from a throne, or from supreme authority; to dethrone.

Untidy

UNTI'DY, adjective Not tidy; not seasonable; not ready.

2. Not neatly dressed; not in good order.

Untie

UNTI'E, verb transitive To loosen, as a knot; to disengage the parts that form a knot. Untie the knot.

2. To unbind; to free from any fastening; as, to untie an iron chain.

Waller.

3. To loosen from coils or convolution; as snakes untied.

Pope.

4. To loose; to separate something attached; as, to untie the tongue.

5. To resolve; to unfold; to clear.

Watts.

Untied

UNTI'ED, participle passive Loosed, as a knot; unbound; separated; resolved.

2. adjective Not tied; not bound or gathered in a knot; loose.

3. Not fastened with a knot.

4. Not held by any tie or band.

Until

UNTIL', preposition [un and till. See Till.] To; used of time.

He and his sons were priests of the tribe of Dan, until the day of the captivity. Judges 18.

2. To; used of objects. Obs.

Spenser.

3. Preceding a sentence or clause, to; that is, to the event mentioned, or the time of it; as, until this hour; until this year.

The scepter shall not depart from JudahÃ‚--until Shiloh come. Genesis 49.

4. To the point or place of.

In open prospect nothing bounds our eye,

Until the earth seems join'd unto the sky.

Dryden.

5. To the degree that.

Thou shalt push Syria, until they be consumed. 2 Chronicles 18.

[Note. Until is always the same part of speech in fact, and has the same signification. The only difference is, that it is followed sometimes by a single word denoting time, and in other cases by a verb denoting an event, or a word denoting place or degree. The sense is in all cases to; and till may be used as its substitute, and in modern usage it is most common.]

Untile

UNTI'LE, verb transitive To take the tiles from; to uncover by removing tiles.

Swift.

Untilled

UNTILL'ED, adjective Not tilled; not cultivated.

Mortimer.

Untimbered

UNTIM'BERED, adjective Not furnished with timber.

Shak.

2. Not covered with timber trees; as untimbered land.

Untimely

UNTI'MELY, adjective Happening before the usual time; as untimely frost.

2. Happening before the natural time; premature; as untimely death; untimely fate.

Dryden.

Untimely

UNTI'MELY, adverb Before the natural time.

Ã‚--What is untimely done.

Shak.

Untinctured

UNTINC'TURED, adjective Not tinctured; not tinged.

Goldsmith.

Untinged

UNTING'ED, adjective Not tinged; not stained; not discolored; as water untinged; untinged beams of light.

Boyle.

2. Not infected.

Swift.

Untirable

UNTI'RABLE, adjective That cannot be wearied; indefatigable; unwearied.

Shak.

Untired

UNTI'RED, adjective Not tired; not exhausted by labor.

Dryden.

Untiring

UNTI'RING, adjective Not becoming tired or exhausted; as untiring patience.

Untitled

UNTI'TLED, adjective Having no title; as an untitled tyrant.

Shak.

Unto

UN'TO, preposition a compound of un, [on,] and to; of no use in the language, as it expresses no more than to. I do not find it in our mother tongue, nor is it ever used in popular discourse. It is found in writers of former times, but is entirely obsolete.

Untold

UNTOLD, adjective Not told; not related; not revealed.

Waller. Dryden.

2. Not numbered; as money untold.

Untomb

UNTOMB, v. t. untoom'. To disinter.

Fuller.

Untoothsome

UNTOOTH'SOME, adjective Not pleasant to the taste.

Untouched

UNTOUCHED, a. untuch'ed. Not touched; not reached; not hit.

Stephens.

2. Not moved; not affected; as the heart untouched.

3. Not meddled with; as books untouched for years.

Untoward

UNTO'WARD, adjective Froward; perverse; refractory; not easily guided or taught. Acts 2.

2. Awkward; ungraceful; as untoward words.

Creech.

3. Inconvenient; troublesome; unmanageable; as an untoward vow.

Hudibras.

Untowardly

UNTO'WARDLY, adverb In a froward or perverse manner; perversely; ungainly.

Tillotson.

Untowardly

UNTO'WARDLY, adjective Awkward; perverse; froward.

Locke.

Untowardness

UNTO'WARDNESS, noun Awkwardness; frowardness; perverseness.

Bp. Wilson.

Untraceable

UNTRA'CEABLE, adjective That cannot be traced or followed.

South.

Untraced

UNTRA'CED, adjective Not traced; not followed.

2. Not marked by footsteps.

Denham.

3. Not marked out.

Untracked

UNTRACK'ED, adjective Not tracked; not marked by footsteps.

2. Not followed by the tracks.

Untractable

UNTRACT'ABLE, adjective [Latin intractabilis.] Not tractable; not yielding to discipline; stubborn; indocile; ungovernable; as an untractable son.

Locke.

2. Rough; difficult.

Milton.

3. Not yielding to the heat or to the hammer; as an ore.

[Intractable is more generally used.]

Untractableness

UNTRACT'ABLENESS, noun Refractoriness; stubbornness; unwillingness to be governed, controlled or managed.

Locke.

Untrading

UNTRA'DING, adjective Not engaged in commerce; as an untrading country or city.

Untrained

UNTRA'INED, adjective Not trained; not disciplined; not skillful.

Milton.

2. Not educated; not instructed.

My wit untrained.

Shak.

3. Irregular; ungovernable; as untrained hope.

Herbert.

Untrammeled

UNTRAM'MELED, adjective Not trammeled; not shackled.

Herbert.

Untransferable

UNTRANSFER'ABLE, adjective That cannot be transferred or passed from one to another; as power or right untransferable.

Untransferred

UNTRANSFER'RED, adjective Not transferred; not conveyed or assigned to another; as titles or rights untransferred.

Untranslatable

UNTRANSLA'TABLE, adjective Not capable of being translated.

Gray.

Untranslated

UNTRANSLA'TED, adjective Not translated or rendered into another language.

Untransparent

UNTRANSPA'RENT, adjective Not transparent; not diaphanous; opake; not permeable by light.

Boyle.

Untransposed

UNTRANSPOSED, a. untranspo'zed. Not transposed; having the natural order.

Rambler.

Untraveled

UNTRAV'ELED, adjective Not traveled; not trodden by passengers; as an untraveled forest.

2. Having never seen foreign countries; as an untraveled Englishman.

Addison.

Untraversed

UNTRAV'ERSED, adjective Not traversed; not passed over.

Untread

UNTREAD, v. t. untred'. To tread back; to go back in the same steps.

Shak.

Untreasured

UNTREASURED, a. untrezh'ured. Not treasured; not laid up; not reposited.

Shak.

Untreatable

UNTRE'ATABLE, adjective Not treatable; not practicable. [Not used.]

Decay of Piety.

Untrembling

UNTREM'BLING, adjective Not trembling or shaking; firm; steady.

Montgomery.

Untried

UNTRI'ED, adjective Not tried; not attempted.

Milton.

2. Not yet experienced; as untried sufferings.

3. Not having passed trial; not heard and determined in law. The cause remains untried.

Untrimmed

UNTRIM'MED, adjective Not trimmed; not pruned; not dressed; not put in order.

Untriumphable

UNTRI'UMPHABLE, adjective That admits no triumph. [Barbarous and not used.]

Hudibras.

Untriumphed

UNTRI'UMPHED, adjective Not triumphed over.

Untrod

UNTROD', or UNTROD'DEN, adjective Not having been trod; not passed over; not marked by the feet.

Milton. Addison.

Untrolled

UNTROLLED, adjective Not bolled; not rolled along.

Dryden.

Untroubled

UNTROUBLED, a. untrub'led. Not troubled; not disturbed by care, sorrow or business; free from trouble.

Shak.

2. Not agitated; not ruffled; not confused; free from passion; as an untroubled mind.

Milton.

3. Not agitated; not moved; as an untroubled lake.

4. Not disturbed or interrupted in the natural course; as untroubled nature.

Spenser.

5. Not foul; not turbid; clear; as an untroubled stream.

Untroubledness

UNTROUB'LEDNESS, noun State of being free from trouble; unconcern. [Not used.]

Hammond.

Untrue

UNTRUE, adjective Not true; false; contrary to the fact. The story is untrue.

2. Not faithful to another; not fulfilling the duties of a husband, wife, vassal, &c.; false; disloyal.

Dryden.

3. Inconstant; as a lover.

Untruly

UNTRU'LY, adverb Not truly; falsely; not according to reality.

Untruss

UNTRUSS', verb transitive To untie or unfasten; to loose from a truss; to let out.

Dryden.

Untrussed

UNTRUSS'ED, adjective Not trussed; not tied up.

Untrustiness

UNTRUST'INESS, noun Unfaithfulness in the discharge of a trust.

Untrusty

UNTRUST'Y, adjective Not trusty; not worthy of confidence; unfaithful.

Untruth

UNTRUTH, noun Contrariety to truth; falsehood.

2. Want of veracity.

Sandys.

3. Treachery; want of fidelity. Obs.

Shak.

4. False assertion.

No untruth can possibly avail the patron and defender long.

Hooker.

Untuckered

UNTUCK'ERED, adjective Having no tucker; as an untuckered neck.

Addison.

Untunable

UNTU'NABLE, adjective Not harmonious; not musical.

Bacon.

2. Not capable of making music.

Tatler.

3. Not capable of being tuned or brought to the proper pitch.

Untune

UNTU'NE, verb transitive To make incapable of harmony.

Untune that string.

Shak.

2. To disorder.

Untun'd and jarring senses.

Shak.

Unturned

UNTURN'ED, adjective Not turned. He left no stone unturned.

Untutored

UNTU'TORED, adjective Uninstructed; untaught; as untutored infancy.

Prior.

Untwine

UNTWI'NE, verb transitive To untwist.

Waller.

2. To open; to disentangle.

Bacon.

3. To separate, as that which winds or clasps.

Ascham.

Untwist

UNTWIST', verb transitive To separate and open, as threads twisted; or to turn back that which is twisted.

2. To open; to disentangle; as intricacy.

Unty

UNTY. [See Untie.]

Ununiform

UNU'NIFORM, adjective Not uniform; wanting uniformity. [Little used.]

Unupheld

UNUPHELD', adjective Not upheld; not sustained.

Pollok.

Unurged

UNURG'ED, adjective Not urged; not pressed with solicitation.

Shak.

Unused

UNU'SED, adjective s as z. Not put to use; not employed.

2. That has never been used.

3. Not accustomed; as hands unused to labor; hearts unused to deceit.

Unuseful

UNU'SEFUL, adjective Useless; serving no good purpose.

Philips.

Unusual

UNU'SUAL, adjective s as z. Not usual; not common; rare; as an unusual season; a person of unusual graces or erudition.

Unusually

UNU'SUALLY, adverb s as z. Not commonly; not frequently; rarely. This summer, 1828, has been unusually rainy.

Unusualness

UNU'SUALNESS, noun s as z. Uncommonness; infrequency; rareness of occurrence.

Broome.

Unutterable

UNUT'TERABLE, adjective That cannot be uttered or expressed; ineffable; inexpressible; as unutterable anguish; unutterable joy.

Unvail

UNVA'IL, verb transitive To remove a vail from; to uncover; to disclose to view. She unvailed her face.

Unvaluable

UNVAL'UABLE, adjective Being above price; invaluable. [But invaluable is the word now used.]

Unvalued

UNVAL'UED, adjective Not valued; not prized; neglected.

Shak.

2. Inestimable; not to be valued.

Shak.

3. Not estimated; not having the value set.

Unvanquishable

UNVAN'QUISHABLE, adjective That cannot be conquered.

Bp. King.

Unvanquished

UNVAN'QUISHED, adjective Not conquered; not overcome.

Milton.

Unvariable

UNVA'RIABLE, adjective Not variable; not changeable or alterable. [But invariable is the word now used.]

Unvaried

UNVA'RIED, adjective Not varied; not altered; not diversified.

Unvariegated

UNVA'RIEGATED, adjective Not variegated; not diversified.

Unvarnished

UNV`ARNISHED, adjective Not overlaid with varnish.

2. Not artificially colored or adorned; not artfully embellished; plain.

I will a round unvarnish'd tale deliver.

Shak.

Unvarying

UNVA'RYING, adjective Not altering; not liable to change; uniform.

Locke.

Unveil

UNVEIL. [See Unvail.]

Unveiledly

UNVEILEDLY, adverb Plainly; without disguise. [Little used.]

Unvenerable

UNVEN'ERABLE, adjective Not venerable; not worthy of veneration.

Shak.

Unventilated

UNVEN'TILATED, adjective Not fanned by the wind; not purified by a free current of air.

Unverdant

UNVERD'ANT, adjective Not verdant; not green; having no verdure.

Congreve.

Unveritable

UNVER'ITABLE, adjective Not true. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Unversed

UNVERS'ED, adjective Not skilled; not versed; unacquainted; as unversed in spinning.

Blackmore.

Unvexed

UNVEX'ED, adjective Not vexed; not troubled; not disturbed or irritated.

Dryden.

Unviolated

UNVI'OLATED, adjective Not violated; not injured; as unviolated honor.

2. Not broken; not transgressed; as laws unviolated.

Unvirtuous

UNVIR'TUOUS, adjective Not virtuous; destitute of virtue.

Shak.

Unvisard

UNVIS'ARD, v. t. s as z. To unmask.

Milton.

Unvisited

UNVIS'ITED, a. s as z. Not visited; not resorted to; not frequented.

Unvital

UNVI'TAL, adjective Not vital;not affecting life.

Med. Repos.

Unvitiated

UNVI'TIATED, or UNVI'CIATED, adjective Not vitiated; not corrupted.

B. Jonson.

Unvitrified

UNVIT'RIFIED, adjective Not vitrified; not converted into glass.

Unvolatilized

UNVOL'ATILIZED, adjective Not volatilized.

Aikin.

Unvote

UNVO'TE, verb transitive To contravene by vote a former vote; to annul a former vote.

Burke.

Unvoweled

UNVOW'ELED, adjective Having no vowels.

Skinner.

Unvoyageable

UNVOY'AGEABLE, adjective Not to be navigated or passed over on a fluid. [Not used.]

Milton.

Unvulgar

UNVUL'GAR, adjective Not common.

B. Jonson.

Unvulnerable

UNVUL'NERABLE, adjective Not vulnerable; that cannot be wounded. [Invulnerable is mostly used.]

Unwaited on, not attended.

Unwakened

UNWA'KENED, adjective Not awakened; not roused from sleep or stupidity.

Unwalled

UNWALL'ED, adjective Not surrounded, fortified or supported by a wall.

Knolles.

Unwares

UNWA'RES, adverb Unexpectedly. [For this, unawares is used.]

Unwarily

UNWA'RILY, adverb Without vigilance and caution; heedlessly.

Digby.

Unwariness

UNWA'RINESS, noun Want of vigilance; want of caution; carelessness; heedlessness.

Spectator.

Unwarlike

UNWAR'LIKE, adjective [See War.] Not fit for war; not used to war; not military.

Waller.

Unwarmed

UNWARM'ED, adjective [See Warm.] Not warmed.

2. Not excited; not animated.

Addison.

Unwarned

UNWARN'ED, adjective [See Warn.] Not cautioned; not previously admonished of danger.

Locke.

Unwarp

UNWARP', verb transitive [See Warp.] To reduce back what is warped.

Evelyn.

Unwarped

UNWARP'ED, adjective Not warped; not biased; not turned from the true direction; impartial.

Thomson.

Unwarping

UNWARP'ING, adjective Not bending; unyielding; not deviating.

Dwight.

Unwarrantable

UNWAR'RANTABLE, adjective Not defensible; not vindicable; not justifiable; illegal; unjust; improper.

South.

Unwarrantably

UNWAR'RANTABLY, adverb In a manner that cannot be justified.

Wake.

Unwarranted

UNWAR'RANTED, adjective Not warranted; not authorized.

2. Not ascertained; not assured or certain.

3. Not covenanted to be good, sound, or of a certain quality; as an unwarranted horse.

Unwary

UNWA'RY, adjective Not vigilant against danger; not cautious; unguarded; precipitate.

Locke. Dryden.

2. Unexpected. Obs.

Unwashed

UNWASH'ED, or UNWASH'EN, adjective Not washed; not cleansed by water. Matthew 15.

Unwasted

UNWASTED, adjective Not lost by extravagance or negligence; not lavished away; not dissipated.

2. Not consumed by time or violence.

3. Not lost by exhaustion, evaporation or other means.

Unwasting

UNWASTING, adjective Not growing less; not decaying.

Pope.

Unwatered

UNWATERED, adjective [See Water.] Not watered; dry.

Pope.

Unwayed

UNWA'YED, adjective Not used to travel. [Bad and not used.]

Suckling.

Unweakened

UNWE'AKENED, adjective Not weakened; not enfeebled.

Boyle.

Unwealthy

UNWEALTHY, a. unwelth'y. Not wealthy.

Langhorne.

Unweaponed

UNWEAPONED, a. unwep'nd. Not furnished with weapons or offensive arms.

Raleigh.

Unweariable

UNWE'ARIABLE, adjective That cannot be wearied; indefatigable. [Little used.]

Hooker.

Unwearied

UNWE'ARIED, adjective Not tired; not fatigued.

Dryden.

2. Indefatigable; continual; that does not tire or sink under fatigue; as unwearied perseverance.

Rogers.

Unweariedly

UNWE'ARIEDLY, adverb Without tiring or sinking under fatigue.

Unweariedness

UNWE'ARIEDNESS, noun State of being unwearied.

Baxter.

Unweary

UNWE'ARY, adjective Not weary; not tired.

Unweary

UNWE'ARY, verb transitive To refresh after fatigue.

Temple.

Unwed

UNWED', adjective Unmarried.

Shak.

Unwedded

UNWED'DED, adjective Unmarried; remaining single.

Unwedgeable

UNWEDGEABLE, a. unwedj'able. Not to be split with wedges. [Barbarous and not used.]

Shak.

Unweeded

UNWEE'DED, adjective Not weeded; not cleared of weeds.

Shak.

Unweeped

UNWEE'PED. [See Unwept.]

Unweeting

UNWEE'TING, adjective [See Weet and Wit.] Ignorant; unknowing. Obs.

Spenser.

Unweetingly

UNWEE'TINGLY, adverb Ignorantly. Obs.

Spenser.

Unweighed

Unweighing

UNWEIGHING, adjective Inconsiderate; thoughtless.

Shak.

Unwelcome

UNWEL'COME, adjective Not welcome; not grateful; not pleasing; not well received; as unwelcome news; an unwelcome guest.

Unwell

UNWELL', adjective Not well; indisposed; not in good health. [It expresses less than sick.]

Unwellness

UNWELL'NESS, noun State of being indisposed. [Not in use.]

Chesterfield.

Unwept

UNWEPT', adjective Not lamented; not mourned. The profligate lives despised, and dies unwept.

Unwet

UNWET', adjective Not wet or moist.

Dryden.

Unwhipped

UNWHIP'PED, or UNWHIPT', adjective Not whipped; not corrected with the rod.

Pope.

Unwhole

UNWHO'LE, adjective [See Whole.] Not sound; infirm. [Not in use.]

Unwholesome

UNWHO'LESOME, adjective Not wholesome; unfavorable to health; insalubrious; as unwholesome air or food.

Bacon.

2. Pernicious; as unwholesome advice.

Unwholesomeness

UNWHO'LESOMENESS, noun Insalubrity; state or quality of being injurious or noxious to health; as the unwholesomeness of a climate.

Unwieldily

UNWIE'LDILY, adverb Heavily; with difficulty.

Dryden.

Unwieldiness

UNWIE'LDINESS, noun Heaviness; difficulty of being moved; as the unwieldiness of a corpulent body.

Donne.

Unwieldy

UNWIE'LDY, adjective That is moved with difficulty; unmanageable; bulky; ponderous; as an unwieldy bulk; an unwieldy rock.

Unwilled

UNWILL'ED, adjective Not willed; not produced by the will.

Unwilling

UNWILL'ING, adjective Not willing; loth; disinclined; reluctant; as an unwilling servant.

Unwillingly

UNWILL'INGLY, adverb Not with good will; not cheerfully; reluctantly.

Unwillingness

UNWILL'INGNESS, noun Lothness; disinclination; reluctance.

Unwind

UNWIND, verb transitive pret. and pp. unwound. To wind off; to loose or separate what is wound or convolved; as, to unwind thread or a ball.

2. To disentangle.

Hooker.

Unwind

UNWIND, verb intransitive To admit evolution.

Mortimer.

Unwiped

UNWI'PED, adjective Not cleaned by rubbing.

Shak.

Unwise

UNWI'SE, a. s as z. Not wise; not choosing the best means for the end; defective in wisdom; as an unwise man; unwise kings.

2. Not dictated by wisdom; not adapted to the end; as unwise measures.

Unwisely

UNWI'SELY, adverb Not wisely; not prudently; as unwisely rigid; unwisely studious.

Unwish

UNWISH', verb transitive To wish that which is, not to be. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unwished

UNWISH'ED, adjective Not wished; not sought; not desired.

Pope.

Unwist

UNWIST', adjective Not known. Obs.

Spenser.

Unwit

UNWIT', verb transitive To deprive of understanding. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Unwithdrawing

UNWITHDRAW'ING, adjective Not withdrawing; continually liberal.

Milton.

Unwithered

UNWITH'ERED, adjective Not withered or faded.

Unwithering

UNWITH'ERING, adjective Not liable to wither or fade.

Cowper.

Unwithstood

UNWITHSTOOD', adjective Not opposed.

Philips.

Unwitnessed

UNWIT'NESSED, adjective Not witnessed; not attested by witnesses; wanting testimony.

Unwittily

UNWIT'TILY, adverb Without wit.

Cowley.

Unwittingly

UNWIT'TINGLY, adverb Without knowledge or consciousness; ignorantly; as, he has unwittingly injured himself, or his neighbor.

Unwitty

UNWIT'TY, adjective Not witty; destitute of wit.

Shenstone.

Unwived

UNWI'VED, adjective Having no wife. [Not used.]

Selden.

Unwoman

UNWOMAN, verb transitive To deprive of the qualities of a woman.

Sandys.

Unwomanly

UNWOMANLY, adjective Unbecoming a woman.

Unwonted

UNWONTED, adjective Unaccustomed; unused; not made familiar by practice; as a child unwonted to strangers; sea calves unwonted to fresh water.

May.

2. Uncommon; unusual; infrequent; rare; as an unwonted meteor; unwonted changes.

Dryden.

Unwontedness

UNWONTEDNESS, noun Uncommonness; rareness.

Taylor.

Unwooed

UNWOO'ED, adjective Not wooed; not courted.

Shak.

Unworking

UNWORKING, adjective Living without labor.

Locke.

Unwormed

UNWORMED, adjective Not wormed. [Not used.]

Beaum.

Unworn

UNWORN, adjective Not worn; not impaired.

Young.

Unworshiped

UNWORSHIPED, adjective Not worshiped; not adored.

Milton.

Unworshiping

UNWORSHIPING, adjective Not worshiping; habitually neglecting the worship of God.

J. M. Matthews.

Unworthily

UNWORTHILY, adverb [See Worthy and Worth.]

Not according to desert; without due regard to merit; as, to treat a man unworthily.

Unworthiness

UNWORTHINESS, noun Want of worth or merit.

Unworthy

UNWORTHY, adjective Not deserving; followed by of. As sinners, we are utterly unworthy of the divine favor.

2. Not deserving; wanting merit. Receive your unworthy son into favor. One great evil of government is that unworthy men are elected or appointed to fill important offices.

3. Unbecoming; vile; base; as unworthy usage or treatment.

Dryden.

4. Not suitable; inadequate. This opinion is unworthy of its author.

Unwound

UNWOUND', participle passive of wind. Wound off; untwisted.

Mortimer.

Unwounded

UNWOUND'ED, adjective Not wounded; not hurt; not injured in body; as unwounded enemies.

Milton.

2. Not hurt; not offended; as unwounded ears.

Pope.

Unwrap

UNWRAP', verb transitive To open what is wrapped or folded.

Unwreath

UNWRE'ATH, verb transitive To untwist or untwine.

Boyle.

Unwrinkle

UNWRIN'KLE, verb transitive To reduce wrinkles; to smooth.

Anacharsis.

Unwriting

UNWRI'TING, adjective Not writing; not assuming the character of an author; as an unwriting citizen.

Unwritten

UNWRITTEN, a. unrit'n. Not written; not reduced to writing; verbal.

2. Blank; containing no writing.

South.

Unwritten doctrines, in religion, are such as have been handed down by word of mouth; oral or traditional doctrines.

Unwritten laws, are such as have been delivered down by tradition or in songs. Such were the laws of the early nations of Europe.

The unwritten laws of England and of the United States, called common law, are such as have not the authority of statutes, not having originated from any legislative act, or originating from some act not now extant. These laws are now contained in the reports of judicial decisions.

Unwrought

UNWROUGHT, a. unraut'. Not labored; not manufactured; not reduced to due form.

Dryden.

Unwrung

UNWRUNG, a. unrung'. Not pinched.

Shak.

Unyielded

UNYIE'LDED, adjective Not yielded; not conceded; not given up.

Dryden.

Unyielding

UNYIE'LDING, adjective Not yielding to force or persuasion; unbending; unpliant; stiff; firm; obstinate.

Med. Repos.

2. Not giving place.

Thomson.

Unyoke

UNYO'KE, verb transitive To loose from a yoke; to free from a yoke.

Unyoke the steers.

Shak.

2. To part; to disjoin.

Shak.

Unyoked

UNYO'KED, participle passive Freed from the yoke.

2. adjective Not having worn the yoke.

Dryden.

3. Licentious; unrestrained.

Shak.

Unyoking

UNYO'KING, participle of the present tense Freeing from the yoke.

Unzoned

UNZO'NED, adjective Not bound with a girdle; as an unzoned bosom.

Prior.

Up

UP, adverb [Saxon up, upp; German auf; Dutch Danish op; Swedish up.]

1. Aloft; on high.

But up or downÃ‚--

Milton.

2. Out of bed. He is not up.

Shak.

3. Having risen from a seat.

Sir Roger was up.

Addison.

4. From a state of concealment or discumbiture.

5. In a state of being built.

Up with my tent.

Shak.

6. Above the horizon. The sun is up.

7. To a state of excitement. He was wrought up to a rage.

8. To a state of advance or proficiency.

Ã‚--Till we have wrought ourselves up to this degree of christian indifference.

Atterbury.

9. In a state of elevation or exaltation.

Those that were up, kept others low.

Spenser.

10. In a state of climbing or ascending. We went up to the city or town.

11. In a state of insurrection.

The gentle archbishop of York is up.

Shak.

My soul is up in arms.

Dryden.

12. In a state of being increased or raised. The river is up; the flood is up.

Dryden.

13. In a state of approaching; as, up comes a fox.

L'Estrange.

14. In order. He drew up his regiment.

15. From younger to elder years; as from his youth up.

Up and down, from one place to another; here and there.

2. From one state or position to another; backwards and forwards.

Up to, to an equal highth with; as up to the chin in water.

2. To a degree or point adequate. Live up to the principles professed.

Up with, raise; lift; as, up with the fist; up with the timber.

Up is much used to modify the actions expressed by verbs. It is very often useful and necessary; very often useless.

To bear up, to sustain.

To go up, to ascend.

To lift up, to raise.

To get up, to rise from bed or a seat.

To bind up, to bind together.

To blow up, to inflate; to distend; to inflame.

To grow up, to grow to maturity.

Up stream, from the mouth towards the head of a stream; against the stream; hence up is in a direction towards the head of a stream or river; as up the country.

Up sound, in the direction from the sea; opposed to down sound, that is, in the direction of the ebb tide.

Up is used elliptically for get up, expressing a command or exhortation.

Up, let us be going. Judges 19.

Up

UP, preposition From a lower to a higher place. Go up the hill.

Bacon.

Upbear

UPBEAR, verb transitive pret. upbore; pp. upborne. [up and bear. See Bear.]

1. To raise aloft; to lift; to elevate.

Milton.

2. To sustain aloft; to support in an elevated situation.

Upborne they fly.

Pope.

3. To support; to sustain.

Spenser.

Upbind

UPBIND, verb transitive To bind up.

Collins.

Upblow

UPBLOW, verb transitive To blow up. [Not used.]

Spenser.

Upbraid

UPBRA'ID, verb transitive [Saxon upgebredan, to reproach; gebroedan, to roast, to dilate or extend, to draw, as a sword; bredan, to braid; Danish bebrejder, to upbraid.]

1. To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to cast in the teeth; followed by with or for, before the thing imputed; as, to upbraid a man for his folly or his intemperance.

Yet do not

Upbraid us with our distress.

Shak.

He upbraided them with their unbelief. Matthew 16.

[The use of to and of, after upbraid, as to upbraid a man of his gain by iniquity, to upbraid to a man his evil practices, has been long discontinued.]

2. To reproach; to chide.

God who giveth to all men liberally, and up braideth not. James 1.

3. To reprove with severity.

Then he began to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were doneÃ‚-- Matthew 11.

4. To bring reproach on.

Addison.

How much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedness!

Sidney.

5. To treat with contempt. Obs.

Spenser.

Upbraided

UPBRA'IDED, participle passive Charged with something wrong or disgraceful; reproached; reproved.

Upbraider

UPBRA'IDER, noun One who upbraids or reproves.

Upbraiding

UPBRA'IDING, participle of the present tense Accusing; casting in the teeth; reproaching; reproving.

Upbraiding

UPBRA'IDING, noun A charging with something wrong or disgraceful; the act of reproaching or reproving.

I have too long borne

Your blunt upbraidings.

Shak.

2. The reproaches or accusations of conscience.

Upbray

UPBRAY, for upbraid, to shame, is not in use.

Spenser.

Upbrought

UPBROUGHT, a. upbraut'. Brought up; educated. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Upcast

UP'CAST, adjective Cast up; a term in bowling.

2. Thrown upwards; as with upcast eyes.

Dryden.

Upcast

UP'CAST, noun In bowling, a cast; a throw.

Shak.

Updraw

UPDRAW', verb transitive To draw up. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Upgather

UPGATH'ER, verb transitive To contract. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Upgrow

UPGROW, verb intransitive To grow up. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Uphand

UP'HAND, adjective Lifted by the hand.

Moxon.

Upheave

UPHE'AVE, verb transitive To heave or lift up.

Upheld

UPHELD', preterit tense and participle passive of uphold. Sustained; supported.

Uphill

UP'HILL, adjective Difficult, like the act of ascending a hill; as uphill labor.

Clarissa.

Uphoard

UPHOARD, verb transitive To hoard up. [Not used.]

Spenser. Shak.

Uphold

UPHOLD, verb transitive pret. and pp. upheld. [Upholden is obsolete.]

1. To lift on high; to elevate.

Dryden.

2. To support; to sustain; to keep from falling or slipping.

Honor shall uphold the humble in spirit. Proverbs 29.

3. To keep from declension.

Atterbury.

4. To support in any state.

Raleigh.

5. To continue; to maintain.

Hooker.

6. To keep from being lost.

Faulconbridge,

In spite of spite, alone upholds the day.

Shak.

7. To continue without failing.

Holder.

8. To continue in being.

Hakewill.

Upholder

UPHOLDER, noun One that upholds; a supporter; a defender; a sustainer.

Swift. Hale.

2. An undertaker; one who provides for funerals.

Gay.

Upholsterer

UPHOLSTERER, noun [from up and hold.] One who furnishes houses with beds, curtains and the like.

Pope.

Upholstery

UPHOLSTERY, noun Furniture supplied by upholsterers.

Upland

UP'LAND, noun [up and land.] High land; ground elevated above the meadows and intervals which lie on the banks of rivers, near the sea, or between hills; land which is generally dry. It is opposed to meadow, marsh, swamp, interval, &c. Uplands are particularly valuable as affording pasture for sheep.

Upland

UP'LAND, adjective Higher in situation; being on upland; as upland inhabitants.

2. Pertaining to uplands; as upland pasturage.

Uplandish

UPLAND'ISH, adjective Pertaining to uplands; dwelling on high lands or mountains.

Chapman.

Uplay

UPLA'Y, verb transitive To lay up; to hoard. [Not in use.]

Donne.

Uplead

UPLE'AD, verb transitive To lead upwards.

Milton.

Upled

UPLED', participle passive Led upwards.

Uplift

UPLIFT', verb transitive To raise aloft; to raise; to elevate; as, to uplift the arm. It is chiefly used in the participle; as uplifted eyes; uplifted arms.

Milton. Swift.

Uplifted

UPLIFT'ED, participle passive Raised high; lifted; elevated.

Uplook

UPLOOK', verb transitive To look up. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Upmost

UP'MOST, adjective [up and most.] Highest; topmost. [Little used. We generally use uppermost.]

Dryden.

Upon

UPON', preposition [Saxon ufan, ufon or ufe. This is probably up and on; the Saxon ufe being the German auf, up.] On. Upon has the sense of on, and might perhaps be wholly dispensed with.

1. Resting or being on the top or surface; as being upon a hill, or upon a rock; upon a field; upon a table; upon a river; upon the altar; upon the roof. He has his coat upon his back; his hat is upon his head.

2. In a state of resting or dependence; as upon this condition; he will contract with you upon these terms. Upon our repentance we hope to be forgiven.

3. Denoting resting, as a burden. Impose upon yourself this task.

4. In the direction or part of; as upon the right hand.

5. Relating to. They are now engaged upon the affairs of the bank.

6. In consideration of; as upon the whole matter.

Dryden.

7. Near to; as a village upon the Thames.

8. With, or having received. He came upon an hour's warning.

9. On the occasion of; engaged in for the execution of. He sent the officer upon a bold enterprise.

10. In; during the time of; as upon the seventh day; upon the first of January.

11. Noting security; as, to borrow money upon lands, or upon mortgage.

12. Noting approach or attack.

The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. Judges 16.

13. Noting exposure or incurring some danger or loss. You do this upon pain of death, or upon the penalties of the law.

14. At the time of; on occasion of. What was their conduct upon this event?

15. By inference from, or pursuing a certain supposition. Upon his principles, we can have no stable government.

16. Engaged in. What is he upon?

Locke.

17. Having a particular manner. The horse is now upon a hard trot.

Dryden.

18. Resting or standing, as on a condition. He is put upon his good behavior.

19. Noting means of subsistence or support. Cattle live upon grass.

20. Noting dependence for subsistence; as; paupers come upon the parish or town.

To take upon to assume.

To assume upon, in law, to promise; to undertake.

Upper

UP'PER, adjective [comp. from up.] Higher in place; as the upper lip; the upper side of a thing. An upper story is a higher one; the upper story is the highest. So the upper deck of a ship.

2. Superior in rank or dignity; as the upper house of a legislature.

Upper hand, advantage; superiority.

Upper-works, in a ship, the parts above water when the ship is properly balanced for a voyage; or that part which is above the main wale.

Cyc.

Uppermost

UP'PERMOST, adjective [superl.; upper and most.]

1. Highest in place; as the uppermost seats.

2. Highest in power or authority.

Whatever faction happens to be uppermostÃ‚--

Swift.

3. Predominant; most powerful.

Dryden.

Upraise

UPRA'ISE, v. t. s as z. [up and raise.] To raise; to lift up.

Milton.

Uprear

UPRE'AR, verb transitive [up and rear.] To rear up; to raise.

Gay.

Upright

UPRIGHT, a. upri'te or up'rite. [up and right. This word is marked in books with the accent on the first syllable. But it is frequently pronounced with the accent on the second, and the accent on the first syllable of its derivatives is inadmissible.]

1. Erect; perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; as an upright tree; an upright post. Among mechanics, plumb.

2. Erected; pricked up; shooting directly from the body.

All have their ears uprightÃ‚--

Spenser.

With chatt'ring teeth and bristling hair upright.

Dryden.

3. Honest; just; adhering to rectitude in all social intercourse; not deviating from correct moral principles; as an upright man. Job 1.

4. Conformable to moral rectitude.

Conscience rewards upright conduct with pleasure.

J. M. Mason.

Upright

UP'RIGHT, noun In architecture, a representation or draught of the front of a building; called also an elevation, or orthography.

Cyc.

2. Something standing erect or perpendicular.

Uprightly

UPRIGHTLY, adverb In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; in an erect position.

2. Honestly; with strict observance of rectitude; as, to live uprightly.

Dryden.

He that walketh uprightly, walketh surely. Proverbs 10.

Uprightness

UPRIGHTNESS, noun Perpendicular erection.

Waller.

2. Honesty; integrity in principle or practice; conformity to rectitude and justice in social dealings.

The truly upright man is inflexible in his uprightness.

Atterbury.

Uprise

UPRI'SE, v. i. s as z. pret. uprose; pp. uprisen. To rise from bed or from a seat.

Uprose the virgin with the morning light.

Pope.

2. To ascend above the horizon.

Uprose the sun.

Cowley.

3. To ascend, as a hill. Obs.

Shak.

Uprise

UPRI'SE, noun A rising; appearance above the horizon. Obs.

Shak.

Uprising

UPRI'SING, participle of the present tense Rising; ascending.

Uprising

UPRI'SING, noun The act of rising.

Thou knowest my down-sitting and mine up-rising. Psalm 139.

Uproar

UP'ROAR, noun [Dutch oproer; German aufruhr; auf, up, and rÃƒ-¼hren, to stir, to beat, Dutch roeren, Swedish r?ra. In verse it is sometimes accented on the second syllable.]

Great tumult; violent disturbance and noise; bustle and clamor.

The Jews who believed notÃ‚--set all the city in an uproar. Acts 17.

Horror thus prevail'd,

And wild uproar.

Philips.

Uproar

UPROAR, verb transitive To throw into confusion. [Not in use.]

Uproll

UPROLL, verb transitive [up and roll.] To roll up.

Milton.

Uproot

UPROOT', verb transitive [up and root.] To root up; to tear up by the roots; as, to uproot the hills or trees.

Dryden.

Uprouse

UPROUSE, v. t. uprouz. [up and rouse.] To rouse from sleep; to awake.

Shak.

Upset

UPSET', verb transitive [up and set.] To overturn; to overthrow; to overset; as a carriage.

Upshot

UP'SHOT, noun [up and shot.] Final issue; conclusion; end; as the upshot of the matter.

Here is the upshot and result of all.

Burnet.

Upside down, the upper part undermost. As a phrase, this denotes in confusion; in complete disorder.

South.

Upspring

UP'SPRING, noun [up and spring.] An upstart. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Upspring

UPSPRING', verb intransitive To spring up. [Not in use.]

Sackville.

Upstand

UPSTAND', verb intransitive To be erected. [Not used.]

May.

Upstart

UPST'ART, verb intransitive [up and start.] To start or spring up suddenly.

Dryden.

Upstart

UP'START, noun One that suddenly rises from low life to wealth, power or honor.

Spenser.

2. Something that springs up suddenly.

Milton. Bacon.

Upstart

UP'START, adjective Suddenly raised.

Shak.

Upstay

UPSTA'Y, verb transitive [up and stay.] To sustain; to support.

Milton.

Upswarm

UPSWARM', verb transitive [See Swarm.] To raise in a swarm. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Uptake

UPTA'KE, verb transitive [See Swarm.] To raise in a swarm. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Uptear

UPTEAR, verb transitive [up and tear.] To tear up.

Milton.

Uptrain

UPTRA'IN, verb transitive [up and train.] To train up; to educate. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Upturn

UPTURN',verb transitive [up and turn.] To turn up; to throw up; as, to upturn the ground in plowing.

Milton. Pope.

Upward

UP'WARD, adjective [up and ward, Saxon weard, Latin versus.]

Directed to a higher place; as with upward eye; with upward speed.

Dryden. Prior.

Upward

UP'WARD, noun The top. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Upward

UP'WARD, or UP'WARDS, adverb Toward a higher place; opposed to downward.

Upward I lift my eye.

Watts.

2. Toward heaven and God.

Looking inward, we are struck dumb; looking upward, we speak and prevail.

Hooker.

3. With respect to the higher part.

Upward man,

Downward fish.

Milton.

4. More than, indefinitely. Upwards of ten years have elapsed; upwards of a hundred men were present.

5. Toward the source. Trace the stream upwards.

And trace the muses upwards to their spring.

Pope.

Upwhirl

UPWHIRL, v. i. upwhurl'. [up and whirl.] To rise upwards in a whirl; to whirl upwards.

Milton.

Upwhirl

UPWHIRL', verb transitive To raise upwards in a whirling direction.

Upind

UPIND, verb transitive [up and wind.] To wind up.

Spenser.

Uran-Glimmer

:URAN-GLIM'MER, noun An ore of uranium; uran-mica; chalcolite.

Uranite

:URANITE, noun Anore or phosphate of uranium, called also uran-glimmer, and uran-mica. It is ofa lemon yellow gold color, or yellowish brown, sometimes of an apple green or emerald color. It occurs crystalized in rectangular prisms, in imperfect octahedrons, &c. Its structure is lamellar, and it yields to the knife.

Cyc. Phillips.

Uranite is found in primitive earths, in three states, crystalized, compact, and pulverulent. Lavoisier.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Uranitic

:URANIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to uranite, or resembling it.

Uranium

:URA'NIUM, noun [Greek, heaven, or a planet so called.]

A metal discovered in 1789 by Klaproth, in the mineral called pechblend. It is occasionally found native in uran-ocher and uran-mica; but more generally it is obtained from pechblend, in which it exists with iron, copper, lead, and sometimes with arsenic, cobalt and zink.

Henry.

Uran-Ocher

:URAN-O'CHER, noun Pechblend, an ore of uranium, containing the metal in an oxydized state. It is brown, grayish, black, and brownish black; occurring massive, globular, reniform, disseminated, and pulverulent.

Cyc. Ure. Phillips.

Uranology

:URANOL'OGY, noun [Greek, heaven, and, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on the heavens.

Mitchill.

Urbane

UR'BANE, adjective [Latin urbanus, from urbs, a city.] Civil; courteous in manners; polite.

Urbanity

URBAN'ITY, noun [French urbanitÃƒ-©; Latin urbanitas, from urbs, a city.]

1. That civility or courtesy of manners which is acquired by associating with well bred people; politeness; polished manners.

Dryden. Brown.

2. Facetiousness.

L'Estrange.

Urbanize

UR'BANIZE, verb transitive To render civil and courteous; to polish.

Howell.

Urceolate

UR'CEOLATE, adjective [Latin urceolus, urceus, a pitcher.]

In botany, shaped like a pitcher; swelling out like a pitcher; as a calyx or corol.

Martyn. Lee.

Urchin

UR'CHIN, noun [Armoric heureuchin; Latin erinaceus.] A name given to the hedgehog.

2. A name of slight anger given to a child; as, the little urchin cried.

Ure

:URE, noun Use; prectice.[Obsolete, but retained in inure.]

Urea

:UREA, noun A substance obtained from urine.

Ure.

Ureter

:U'RETER, noun [Greek, from. See Urine.]

A tube conveying the urine from the kidney to the bladder. There are two ureters, one on each side.

Coxe. Quincy.

Urethra

:URE'THRA, noun [Greek, from. See Urine.]

The canal by which the urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged.

Coxe.

Urge

URGE, verb transitive [Latin urgeo. This belongs probably to the family of Greek and Latin arceo.]

1. To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to apply force to, in almost any manner.

And great Achilles urge the Trojan fate.

Dryden.

2. To press the mind or will; to press by motives, arguments, persuasion or importunity.

My brother

Did urge me in his act.

Shak.

3. To provoke; to exasperate.

Urge not my father's anger.

Shak.

4. To follow close; to impel.

Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave.

Pope.

5. To labor vehemently; to press with eagerness.

Through the thick deserts headlong urg'd his flight.

Pope.

6. To press; as, to urge an argument; to urge a petition; to urge the necessity of a case.

7. To importune; to solicit earnestly. He urged his son to withdraw.

8. To apply forcibly; as, to urge an ore with intense heat.

Urge

URGE,verb intransitive To press forward; as, he strives to urge upward.

Urged

URG'ED, participle passive Pressed; impelled; importuned.

Urgency

URG'ENCY, noun Pressure; importunity; earnest solicitation; as the urgency of a request.

2. Pressure of necessity; as the urgency of want or distress; the urgency of the occasion.

Urgent

URG'ENT, adjective Pressing with importunity. Exodus 12.

2. Pressing with necessity; violent; vehement; as an urgent case or occasion.

Urgently

URG'ENTLY, adverb With pressing importunity; violently; vehemently; forcibly.

Urger

URG'ER, noun One who urges; one who importunes.

Urge-Wonder

URGE-WONDER, noun A sort of grain.

Mortimer.

Urging

URG'ING, participle of the present tense Pressing; driving; impelling.

2. adjective Pressing with solicitations; importunate.

Uric

:URIC, adjective In chimistry, the uric acid, called also lithic acid, is obtained from urinary calculi.

Urim

:URIM, noun [Hebrew.] The Urim and Thummim, among the Israelites, signify lights and perfections. These were a kind of ornament belonging to the habit of the high priest, in virtue of which he gave oracular answers to the people; but what they were has not been satisfactorily ascertained.

Cyc.

Urinal

:URINAL, noun [French urinal; Latin urinalis, from urina, urine.]

1. A bottle in which urine is kept for inspection.

2. A vessel for containing urine.

3. In chimistry, an oblong glass vessel, used in making solutions.

Cyc.

Urinary

:U'RINARY, adjective [from urine.] Pertaining to urine; as the urinary bladder; urinary calculi; urinary abscesses.

Urinary

:U'RINARY, or :URINA'RIUM, noun In agriculture, a reservoir or place for the reception of urine, &c. for manure.

Cyc.

Urinative

:U'RINATIVE, adjective Provoking urine.

Bacon.

Urinator

:URINA'TOR, noun [Latin from urino, to dive.] A diver; one who plunges and sinks in water in search of something, as for pearls.

Ray.

Urine

:U'RINE, noun [Latin urina; Greek, from; German harn, harnen.]

An animal fluid or liquor secreted by the kidneys, whence it is conveyed into the bladder by the ureters, and through the urethra discharged. The urine of beasts is sometimes called stale.

Urine

:U'RINE, verb intransitive [supra.] To discharge urine.

Bacon.

Urinous

:U'RINOUS, adjective Pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qualities.

Arbuthnot.

Urn

URN, noun [Latin urna.] A kind of vase of a roundish form, largest in the middle; used as an ornament.

Cyc.

2. A vessel for water.

3. A vessel in which the ashes of the dead were formerly kept.

4. A Roman measure for liquids, containing about three gallons and a half, wine measure. It was half the amphora, and four times the congius.

Cyc.

Uroscopy

:UROS'COPY, noun [Greek and.] Inspection of urine.

Brown.

Urry

UR'RY,noun A sort of blue or black clay, lying near a vein of coal.

Mortimer.

Ursa

UR'SA, noun [Latin] The bear, a constellation, the greater and lesser bear, near the north pole.

Ursiform

UR'SIFORM, adjective [Latin ursa, bear, and form.] In the shape of a bear.

Ursine

UR'SINE, adjective [Latin ursinus.] Pertaining to or resembling a bear.

Ursuline

UR'SULINE, adjectiveDenoting an order of nuns who observe the rule of St. Austin; so called from their institutress, St. Ursula.

Cyc.

Urus

:U'RUS, or :URE, noun [Latin urus.] The wild bull.

Us

US, pronoun objective case ofwe.

Give us this day our daily bread.

Lord's Prayer.

Usage

:U'SAGE, n. s as z. [French from user, to use. See Use.]

1. Treatment; an action or series of actions performed by one person towards another, or which directly affect him; as good usage; ill usage; hard usage. Gentle usage will often effect what harsh usage will not. The elephant may by governed by mild usage.

2. Use, or long continued use; custom; practice. Uninterrupted usage for a long time, or immemorial usage constitutes prescription. Custom is a local usage; prescription is a personal usage. In language, usage is the foundation of all rules.

Of things once received and confirmed by use, long usage is a law sufficient.

Hooker.

3. Manners; behavior. Obs.

Spenser.

Usager

:U'SAGER, n. s as z. [French] One who has the use of any thing in trust for another. [Not in use.]

Daniel.

Usance

:U'SANCE, n. s as z. [French] Use; proper employment.

Spenser.

2. Usury; interest paid for money.

Shak.

3. In commerce, a determinate time fixed for the payment of bills of exchange, reckoned either from the day of their date, or the day of their acceptance. It is thus called because this time is settled by usage, or the custom of places on which the bills are drawn. In France, the usance for bills drawn from Spain and Portugal, is sixty days. At London, the usance for bills drawn from Holland, Germany or France, is one month. The usance is very different in different countries and cities.

Cyc.

Use

:USE, noun [Latin usus; Italian uso; French us, plu.]

1. The act of handling or employing in any manner, and for any purpose, but especially for a profitable purpose; as the use of a pen in writing; the use of books in study; the use of a spade in digging. Use is of two kinds; that which employs a thing, without destroying it or its form, as the use of a book or of a farm; or it is the employment of a thing which destroys or wastes it, as the use of bread for provision; the use of water for turning a mill.

2. Employment; application of any thing to a purpose, good or bad. It is our duty to make a faithful use of our opportunities and advantages for improvement.

Books can never teach the use of books.

Bacon.

3. Usefulness; utility; advantage; production of benefit. The value of a thing is to be estimated by its use. His friendship has been of use to me.

'Tis use alone that sanctifies expense.

Pope.

4. Need of employment, or occasion to employ. I have no further use for this book.

5. Power of receiving advantage. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

6. Continued practice or employment.

Sweetness, truth, and every grace,

Which time and use are wont to teach.

Walter.

7. Custom; common occurrence.

O Cesar, these things are beyond all use. [Unusual.]

Shak.

8. Interest; the premium paid for the possession and employment of borrowed money.

South.

9. In law, the benefit or profit of lands and tenements. Use imports a trust and confidence reposed in a man for the holding of lands. He to whose use or benefit the trust is intended, shall enjoy the profits. An estate is granted and limited to A for the use of B.

Statute of Uses, in England, the Stat. 27 Henry VIII. Cap. 10. which transfers uses into possession, or which unites the use and possession.

Cestuy que use, in law, the person who has the use of lands and tenements.

Contingent use, in law. A contingent or springing use, is where the use, is where the use is suspended on a future event.

Resulting use, is one which, being limited by the deed, expires or cannot vest, and results or returns to him who raised it, after such expiration.

Secondary or shifting use, is that which though executed, may change from one to another by circumstances.

Blackstone.

In use, in employment; as, the book is now in use.

2. In customary practice or observance. Such words, rites and ceremonies, have long been in use.

Use

:USE, v. t. s as z. [French user; Italian usare; Spanish usar; Latin utor, usus; Greek.]

1. To employ; to handle, hold, occupy or move for some purpose; as, to use a plow; to use a chair; to use a book; to use time. Most men use the right hand with more convenience than the left, and hence its name, right.

2. To waste, consume or exhaust by employment; as, to use flour for food; to use beer for drink; to use water for irrigation, or for turning the wheel of a mill.

3. To accustom; to habituate; to render familiar by practice; as men used to cold and hunger; soldiers used to hardships and danger.

Addison. Swift.

4. To treat; as, to use one well or ill; to use people with kindness and civility; to use a beast with cruelty.

Cato has us'd me ill.

Addison.

5. To practice customarily.

Use hospitality one to another. 1 Peter 4.

To use one's self, to behave. Obs.

Shak.

Use

:USE, v. i. s as z. To be accustomed; to practice customarily.

They use to place him that shall be their captain on a stone.

Spenser.

2. To be wont.

Fears use to be represented in an imaginary fashion.

Bacon.

3. To frequent; to inhabit.

Where never foot did use.

Spenser.

Used

:U'SED, pp. s as z. Employed; occupied; treated.

Useful

:U'SEFUL, adjective Producing or having power to produce good; beneficial; profitable; helpful towards advancing any purpose; as vessels and instruments useful in a family; books useful for improvement; useful knowledge; useful arts.

Usefully

:U'SEFULLY, adverb In such a manner as to produce or advance some end; as instruments or time usefully employed.

Usefulness

:U'SEFULNESS, noun Conduciveness to some end, properly to some valuable end; as the usefulness of canal navigation; the usefulness of machinery in manufactures.

Useless

:U'SELESS, adjective Having no use; unserviceable; producing no good end; answering no valuable purpose; not advancing the end proposed; as a useless garment; useless pity.

Gay.

Uselessly

:U'SELESSLY, adverb In a useless manner; without profit or advantage.

Locke.

Uselessness

:U'SELESSNESS, noun Unserviceableness; unfitness for any valuable purpose, or for the purpose intended; as the uselessness of pleasure.

User

:U'SER, n. s as z. One who uses, treats or occupies.

Usher

USH'ER, noun [French huissier, a door-keeper, from huis, Italian uscio, a door.]

1. Properly, an officer or servant who has the care of the door of a court, hall, chamber or the like; hence, an officer whose business is to introduce strangers, or to walk before a person of rank. In the king's household there are four gentlemen-ushers of the privy chamber. There is also an usher of the exchequer, who attends the barons, sherifs, juries, &c.

Cyc. England.

2. An unaer-teacher or assistant to the preceptor of a school.

Usher

USH'ER, verb transitive To introduce, as a forerunner or harbinger; to forerun.

The stars that usher evening, rose.

Milton.

The Examiner was ushered into the world by a letter, setting forth the great genius of the author.

Addison.

Ushered

USH'ERED, participle passive Introduced.

Ushering

USH'ERING, participle of the present tense Introducing, as a forerunner.

Usquebaugh

USQUEBAUGH, noun [Irish uisge, water, and bagh, life.]

A compound distilled spirit. From this word, by corruption, we have whiskey.

Ustion

US'TION, noun [French ustion; Latin ustio, from uro, ustus, to burn.]

The act of burning; the state of being burnt.

Ustorious

USTO'RIOUS, adjective [supra.] Having the quality of burning.

Watts.

Ustulation

USTULA'TION, noun [Latin ustulatus.] The act of burning or searing.

Petty.

2. In metallurgy, ustulation is the operation of expelling one substance from another by heat, as sulphur and arsenic from ores, in a muffle.

3. In pharmacy, the roasting or drying of moist substances so as to prepare them for pulverizing; also, the burning of wine.

Cyc.

Usual

:U'S:UAL, a. s as z. [French usuel; from use.] Customary; common; frequent; such as occurs in ordinary practice, or in the ordinary course of events. Rainy weather is not usual in this climate.

Consultation with oracles was formerly a thing very usual.

Hooker.

Usually

:U'S:UALLY, adv. s as z. Commonly; customarily; ordinarily. Men usually find some excuse for their vices. It is usually as cold in North America in the fortieth degree of latitude, as it is in the west of Europe in the fiftieth.

Usualness

:U'S:UALNESS, n. s as z. Commonness; frequency.

Usucaption

:USUCAP'TION, noun [Latin usus, use, and capio, to take.]

In the civil law, the same as prescription in the common law; the acquisition of the title or right to property by the uninterrupted and undisputed possession of it for a certain term prescribed by law.

Usufruct

:U'SUFRUCT, noun [Latin usus, use, and fructus, fruit.]

The temporary use and enjoyment of lands or tenements; or the right of receiving the fruits and profits of lands or other thing, without having the right to alienate or change the property.

Cyc.

Usufructuary

:USUFRUCT'UARY, noun A person who has the use and enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title or property.

Johnson.

Usure

:U'SURE, v. i. s as z. To practice usury. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Usurer

:U'SURER, n. s as z. [See Usury.] Formerly, a person who lent money and took interest for it.

2. In present usage, one who lends money at a rate of interest beyond the rate established by law.

Usurious

:USU'RIOUS, a. s as z. Practicing usury; taking exorbitant interest for the use of money; as a usurious person.

2. Partaking of usury; containing usury; as a usurious contract, which by statute is void.

Usuriously

:USU'RIOUSLY,adverb In a usurious manner.

Usuriousness

:USU'RIOUSNESS, noun The state or quality of being usurious.

Usurp

:USURP', v. t. s as z.[French usurper; Latin usurpo.]

To seize and hold in possession by force or without right; as, to usurp a throne; to usurp the prerogatives of the crown; to usurp power. To usurp the right of a patron, is to oust or dispossess him.

Vice sometimes usurps the place of virtue.

Denham.

[Usurp is not applied to common dispossession of private property.]

Usurpation

:USURPA'TION, noun [supra.] The act of seizing or occupying and enjoying the property of another, without right; as the usurpation of a throne; the usurpation of the supreme power. Usurpation, in a peculiar sense, denotes the absolute ouster and dispossession of the patron of a church, by presenting a clerk to a vacant benefice, who is thereupon admitted and instituted.

Cyc.

Usurped

:USURP'ED, participle passive Seized or occupied and enjoyed by violence, or without right.

Usurper

:USURP'ER, noun One who seizes or occupies the property of another without right; as the usurper of a throne, of power,or of the rights of a patron.

Shak. Dryden. Cyc.

Usurping

:USURP'ING, participle of the present tense Seizing or occupying the power or property of another without right.

The worst of tyrants, an usurping crowd.

Pope.

Usurpingly

:USURP'INGLY, adverb By usurpation; without just right or claim.

Shak.

Usury

:U'SURY, n. s as z.[French usure; Latin usura, from utor, to use.]

1. Formerly, interest; or a premium paid or stipulated to be paid for the use of money.

[Usury formerly denoted any legal interest, but in this sense, the word is no longer in use.]

2. In present usage, illegal interest; a premium or compensation paid or stipulated to be paid for the use of money borrowed or retained, beyond the rate of interest established by law.

3. The practice of taking interest. Obs.

Bacon.

Utensil

:UTEN'SIL, noun [French utensile. This seems to be formed on the participle of the Latin utor.]

An instrument; that which is used; particularly, an instrument or vessel used in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business.

Uterine

:U'TERINE, adjective[French uterin; Latin uterinus, from uterus.]

Pertaining to the womb. Uterine brother or sister, is one born of the same mother, but by a different father.

Cyc.

Utero-Gestation

:UTERO-GESTA'TION, noun Gestation in the womb from conception to birth.

Pritchard.

Uterus

:U'TERUS, noun [Latin] The womb.

Utility

:UTIL'ITY, noun [French utilitÃƒ-©; Latin utilitas, from utor, to use.]

Usefulness; production of good; profitableness to some valuable end; as the utility of manures upon land; the utility of the sciences; the utility of medicines.

Utilize

:U'TILIZE, verb transitive [Italian utilizzare; Spanish utilizar; from utile, util, useful.] To gain; to acquire. [Rare.]

Journ. of Science.

Utis

:U'TIS, noun Bustle; stir. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Utmost

UT'MOST, adjective [Saxon utmoest, utmest; ut, out, and mest, most; that is, to the outermost point.]

1. Extreme; being at the furthest point or extremity; as the utmost limit of North America; the utmost limits of the land; the utmost extent of human knowledge.

2. Being in the greatest or highest degree; as the utmost assiduity; the utmost harmony; the utmost misery or happiness; the utmost peril.

Shak.

Utmost

UT'MOST, noun The most that can be; the greatest power, degree or effort.He has done his utmost. Try your utmost.

I will be free

Even to the utmost as I please in words.

Shak.

Utopian

:UTO'PIAN, adjective [from More's Utopia.] Ideal; chimerical; fanciful; not well founded.

Utricle

:U'TRICLE, noun [Latin utriculus, a little bag or bottle.]

1. A little bag or bladder; a little cell; a reservoir in plants to receive the sap.

Fourcroy. Martyn.

2. A capsule of one cell, and containing a solitary seed, often very thin and semi-transparent, constantly destitute of valves, and falling with the seed.

Goertner. Cyc. Smith.

Utricular

:UTRIC'ULAR, adjective Containing utricles; furnished with glandular vessels like small bags; as plants.

Lee.

Utter

UT'TER, adjective [Saxon; that is, outer.] Situated on the outside or remote from the center.

Milton.

2. Placed or being beyond any compass; out of any place; as the utter deep.

Milton.

3. Extreme; excessive; utmost; as utter darkness.

4. Complete; total; final; as utter ruin.

5. Peremptory; absolute; as an utter refusal or denial.

6. Perfect; mere; quite; as utter strangers.

Utter

UT'TER, verb transitive To speak; to pronounce; to express; as, to utter words; to utter sounds.

Addison.

2. To disclose; to discover; to divulge; to publish. He never utters a syllable of what I suppose to be intended as a secret.

3. To sell; to vend; as, to utter wares. [This is obsolete, unless in the law style.]

4. To put or send into circulation; to put off, as currency, or cause to pass in commerce; as, to utter coin or notes. A man utters a false note, who gives it in payment, knowing it to be false.

Utterable

UT'TERABLE, adjective That may be uttered, pronounced or expressed.

Utterance

UT'TERANCE, noun The act of uttering words; pronunciation; manner of speaking; as a good or bad utterance.

They began to speak with other tongues, as the spirit gave them utterance. Acts 2.

2. Emission from the mouth; vocal expression; as the utterance of sounds.

3. [French outrance.] Extremity; furthest part. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Uttered

UT'TERED, participle passive Spoken; pronounced; disclosed; published; put into circulation.

Utterer

UT'TERER, noun One who utters; one who pronounces.

2. One who divulges or discloses.

3. One who puts into circulation.

4. A seller; a vender.

Uttering

UT'TERING, participle of the present tense Pronouncing; disclosing; putting into circulation; selling.

Utterly

UT'TERLY, adverb To the full extent; fully; perfectly; totally; as utterly tired; utterly debased; utterly lost to all sense of shame; it is utterly vain; utterly out of my power.

Uttermost

UT'TERMOST, adjective [utter and most.] Extreme; being in the furthest, greatest or highest degree; as the uttermost extent or end; the uttermost distress.

Uttermost

UT'TERMOST, noun The greatest. The uttermost we can do is to be patient.

To the uttermost, in the most extensive degree; fully. Hebrews 7.

Uveous

:U'VEOUS, adjective [Latin uva, a grape.] Resembling a grape.

Ray.

The uveous coat of the eye, or uvea, is the posterior lamin of the iris; so called by the ancients, because in the animals which they dissected, it resembles an unripe grape.

Parr.

Uvula

:U'VULA, noun [Latin] A soft round spungy body, suspended from the palate near the foramina of the nostrils, over the glottis.

Wiseman.

The small conical body projecting from the middle of the soft palate.

Cyc.

Uxorious

UXO'RIOUS, adjective[Latin uxorius, from uxor, wife.]

Submissively fond of a wife.

Bacon.

Uxoriously

UXO'RIOUSLY, adverb With fond or servile submission to a wife.

Dryden.

Uxoriousness

UXO'RIOUSNESS, noun Connubial dotage; foolish fondness for a wife.

More.

V

V

V is the twenty second letter of the English Alphabet, and a labial articulation, formed by the junction of the upper teeth with the lower lip, as in pronouncing av, ev, ov, vain. It is not a close articulation, but one that admits of some sound. It is nearly allied to f, being formed by the same organs; but v is vocal, and f is aspirate, and this constitutes the principal difference between them. V and u were formerly the same letter, derived no doubt from the oriental vau or waw, but they have now as distinct uses as any two letters in the alphabet, and are therefore to be considered as different letters. V has one sound only, as in very, vote, lavish.

As a numeral, V stands for 5. With a dash over it, in old books, V, it stands for 5000.

V. R. among the Romans, stood for uti rogas, as you desire; V. C. for vir consularis; V. German for verbi gratia; V. Latin for videlicet.

In music for instruments, V. stands for violin; V. V. for violins.

Vacancy

VA'CANCY, noun [Latin vacans, from vaco, to be empty; French vacance; Italian vacanza; Spanish vacancia; Welsh gwag; Hebrew to empty. Class Bg. No. 28.]

1. Empty space; vacuity. [In this sense, vacuity is now generally used.]

Shak.

2. Chasm; void space between bodies or objects; as a vacancy between two beams or boards in a building; a vacancy between two buildings; a vacancy between words in a writing.

Watts.

3. The state of being destitute of an incumbent; want of the regular officer to officiate in a place. Hence also it signifies the office, post or benefice which is destitute of an incumbent; as a vacancy in a parish; vacancies in the treasury or war office. There is no vacancy on the bench of the supreme court.

4. Time of leisure; freedom from employment; intermission of business.

Those little vacancies from toils are sweet.

Dryden.

5. Listlessness; emptiness of thought.

Wotton.

6. A place or office not occupied, or destitute of a person to fill it; as a vacancy in a school.

Vacant

VA'CANT, adjective [French; from Latin vacans.] Empty; not filled; void of every substance except air; as a vacant space between houses; vacant room.

Milton.

2. Empty; exhausted of air; as a vacant receiver.

Boyle.

3. Free; unincumbered; unengaged with business or care.

Philosophy is the interest of those only who are vacant from the affairs of the world.

More.

4. Not filled or occupied with an incumbent or possessor; as a vacant throne; a vacant parish.

5. Being unoccupied with business; as vacant hours; vacant moments.

Addison.

6. Empty of thought; thoughtless; not occupied with study or reflection; as a vacant mind.

7. Indicating want of thought.

The duke had a pleasant and vacant face.

Wotton.

8. In law, abandoned; having no heir; as vacant effects or goods.

Vacate

VA'CATE, verb transitive To annul; to make void; to make of no authority or validity; as, to vacate a commission; to vacate a charter.

The necessity of observing the Jewish sabbath was vacated by the apostolical institution of the Lord's day.

Nelson.

2. To make vacant; to quit possession and leave destitute. It was resolved by parliament that James had vacated the throne of England.

3. To defeat; to put an end to.

He vacates my revenge. [Unusual.]

Dryden.

Vacated

VA'CATED, participle passive Annulled; made void; made vacant.

Vacating

VA'CATING, participle of the present tense Making void; making vacant.

Vacation

VACA'TION, noun [French from Latin vacatio.] The act of making void, vacant, or of no validity; as the vacation of a charter.

2. Intermission of judicial proceedings; the space of time between the end of one term and the beginning of the next; non-term.

3. The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of a college or other seminary, when the students have a recess.

4. Intermission of a stated employment.

5. The time when a see or other spiritual dignity is vacant.

During the vacation of a bishopric, the dean and chapter are guardians of the spiritualities.

Cyc.

6. Leisure; freedom from trouble or perplexity. [Now little used.]

Hammond.

Vaccary

VAC'CARY, noun [Latin vacca, a cow.] An old word signifying a cow house, dairy house, or a cow pasture.

Bailey. Cyc.

Vacillancy

VAC'ILLANCY, noun [Latin vacillans, from vacillo, to waver, to waggle, from the root of wag, which see.]

A state of wavering; fluctuation; inconstancy.

More.

Vacillant

VAC'ILLANT, adjective [supra.] Wavering; fluctuating; unsteady.

Smellie.

Vacillate

VAC'ILLATE, verb intransitive [Latin vacillo; German wackeln; to waggle, a diminutive of wag. See Wag.]

1. To waver; to move one way and the other; to reel or stagger.

2. To fluctuate in mind or opinion; to waver; to be unsteady or inconstant.

Vacillating

VAC'ILLATING, participle of the present tense Wavering; reeling; fluctuating.

2. adjective Unsteady; inclined to fluctuate.

Vacillation

VACILLA'TION, noun [French from Latin vacillation.]

1. A wavering; a moving one way and the other; a reeling or staggering.

2. Fluctuation of mind; unsteadiness; change from one object to another.

S. Lee.

Vaccinate

VAC'CINATE, verb transitive [Latin vacca, a cow.] To inoculate with the cow-pox, or a virus originally taken from cows, called vaccine matter.

Vaccinated

VAC'CINATED, participle passive Inoculated with the cow-pox.

Vaccinating

VAC'CINATING, participle of the present tense Inoculating with the cow-pox.

Vaccination

VACCINA'TION, noun The act, art or practice of inoculating persons with the cow-pox.

Vaccine

VAC'CINE, adjective [Latin vaccinus, from vacca, a cow.]

Pertaining to cows; originating with or derived from cows; as the vaccine disease or cow-pox.

Vacuation

VACUA'TION, noun [Latin vacuo.] The act of emptying. [Little used.] [See Evacuation.]

Vacuist

VAC'UIST, noun [from vacuum.] One who holds to the doctrine of a vacuum in nature; opposed to a plenist.

Boyle.

Vacuity

VACU'ITY, noun [Latin vacuitas, from vacuus.]

1. Emptiness; a state of being unfilled.

Hunger is such a state of vacuity as to require a fresh supply.

Arbuthnot.

2. Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occupied with an invisible fluid only.

A vacuity is interspersed among the particles of matter.

Bentley.

3. Emptiness; void.

God only can fill every vacuity of the soul.

Rogers.

4. Inanity; emptiness; want of reality.

Granville.

5. Vacuum, which see.

Vacuous

VAC'UOUS, adjective Empty; unfilled; void.

Milton.

Vacousness

VAC'OUSNESS, noun The state of being empty.

Mountague.

Vacuum

VAC'UUM, noun [Latin] Space empty or devoid of all matter or body. Whether there is such a thing as an absolute vacuum in nature, is a question which has been much controverted. The Peripatetics assert that nature abhors a vacuum.

Torricellian vacuum, the vacuum produced by filling a tube with mercury, and allowing it to descend till it is counterbalanced by the weight of the atmosphere, as in the barometer invented by Torricelli.

Vade

VADE, verb intransitive [Latin vado.] To vanish; to pass away. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

Vade-Mecum

VADE-ME'CUM, noun [Latin go with me.] A book or other thing that a person carries with him as a constant companion; a manual.

Vagabond

VAG'ABOND, adjective [Latin vagabundus, from vagor, to wander; from the root of wag.]

1. Wandering; moving from place to place without any settled habitation; as a vagabond exile.

Shak.

2. Wandering; floating about without any certain direction; driven to and fro.

Like to a vagabond flag upon the stream.

Shak.

Vagabond

VAG'ABOND, noun [supra.] A vagrant; one who wanders from town to town or place to place, having no certain dwelling, or not abiding in it. By the laws of England and of the United States, vagabonds are liable to be taken up and punished.

Vagabondry

VAG'ABONDRY, noun A state of wandering in idleness.

Vagary

VAGA'RY, noun [Latin vagus, wandering.] A wandering of the thoughts; a wild freak; a whim; a whimsical purpose.

They chang'd their minds, Flew off, and into strange vagaries fell,

Milton.

Vagient

VA'GIENT, adjective [Latin vagiens.] Crying like a child. [Not in use.]

More.

Vaginal

VAG'INAL, adjective [Latin vagina, a sheath. See Wain.]

Pertaining to a sheath, or resembling a sheath; as a vaginal membrane.

Vaginant

VAG'INANT, adjective [Latin vagina.] In botany, sheathing; as a vaginant leaf, one investing the stem or branch by its base, which has the form of a tube.

Martyn.

Vaginated

VAG'INATED, adjective In botany, sheathed; invested by the tubular base of the leaf; as a stem.

Martyn.

Vaginopennous

VAGINOPEN'NOUS, adjective [Latin vagina and penna.]

Having the wings covered with a hard case or sheath, as insects.

Vagous

VA'GOUS, adjective [Latin vagus; French vague.] Wandering; unsettled. [Little used.]

Ayliffe.

Vagrancy

VA'GRANCY, noun [from vagrant.] A state of wandering without a settled home. Vagrancy in idle strollers or vagabonds, is punishable by law.

Vagrant

VA'GRANT, adjective [Latin vagor.] Wandering from place to place without any settled habitation; as a vagrant beggar.

2. Wandering; unsettled; moving without any certain direction.

That beauteous Emma vagrant courses took.

Prior.

Vagrant

VA'GRANT, noun [Norm. vagarant.] An idle wanderer; a vagabond; one who strolls from place to place; a sturdy beggar; one who has no settled habitation, or who does not abide in it.

Vagrants and outlaws shall offend thy view.

Prior.

Vague

VAGUE, a. vag. [French from Latin vagus, wandering.]

1. Wandering; vagrant; vagabond; as vague villains. [In this literal sense, not used.]

Hayward.

2. Unsettled; unfixed; undetermined; indefinite. He appears to have very vague ideas of this subject.

3. Proceeding from no known authority; flying; uncertain; as a vague-report.

Vail

VAIL, noun [French voile; Italian velo; Latin velum, from velo, to cover, to spread over; Gaelic, falach, a vail. It is correctly written vail, for e, in Latin, is our a.]

1. Any kind of cloth which is used for intercepting the view and hiding something; as the vail of the temple among the Israelites.

2. A piece of thin cloth or silk stuff, used by females to hide their faces. In some eastern countries, certain classes of females never appear abroad without vails.

3. A cover; that which conceals; as the vail of oblivion.

4. In botany, the membranous covering of the germen in the Musci and Hepaticoe; the calypter.

Cyc.

5. Vails, money given to servants. [Not used in America.]

Dryden.

Vail

VAIL, verb transitive [Latin velo.] To cover; to hide from the sight; as, to vail the face.

Vail

VAIL, verb transitive [French avaler.] To let fall.

They stiffly refused to vail their bonnets.

[I believe wholly obsolete.]

Carew.

2. To let fall; to lower; as, to vail the topsail. Obs.

3. To let fall; to sink. Obs.

Shak.

Vail

VAIL, verb intransitive To yield or recede; to give place; to show respect by yielding.

Thy convenience must vail to thy neighbor's necessity. Obs.

South.

Vailed

VA'ILED, participle passive Covered; concealed.

Vailer

VA'ILER, noun One who yields from respect. Obs.

Overbury.

Vailing

VA'ILING, participle of the present tense Covering; hiding from the sight.

Vain

VAIN, adjective [French vain; Italian vano; Latin vanus; Gaelic, fann, weak; faon; void; Welsh gwan;

Sanscrit vana; probably allied to wan, wane, want.]

1. Empty; worthless; having no substance, value or importance. 1 Peter 1.

To your vain, answer will you have recourse.

Blackmore.

Every man walketh in a vain show. Psalm 39.

Why do the people imagine vain thing? Psalm 2.

2. Fruitless; ineffectual. All attempts, all efforts were vain.

Vain is the force of man.

Dryden.

3. Proud of petty things, or of trifling attainments; elated with a high opinion of one's own accomplishments, or with things more showy than valuable; conceited.

The minstrels play'd on every side,

Vain of their artÃ‚--

Dryden.

4. Empty; unreal; as a vain chimera.

5. Showy; ostentatious.

Load some vain church with old theatric state.

Pope.

6. Light; inconstant; worthless. Proverbs 12.

7. Empty; unsatisfying. The pleasures of life are vain.

8. False; deceitful; not genuine; spurious. James 1.

9. Not effectual; having no efficacy.

Bring no more vain oblations. Isaiah 1.

In vain, to no purpose; without effect; ineffectual.

In vain they do worship me. Matthew 15.

To take the name of God in vain, to use the name of God with levity or profaneness.

Vainglorious

VAINGLO'RIOUS, adjective [vain and glorious.]

1. Vain to excess of one's own achievements; elated beyond due measure; boastful.

Vainglorious man.

Spenser.

2. Boastful; proceeding from vanity.

Arrogant and vainglorious expression.

Hale.

Vaingloriously

VAINGLO'RIOUSLY, adverb With empty pride.

Milton.

Vainglory

VAINGLO'RY, noun [vain and glory.] Exclusive vanity excited by one's own performances; empty pride; undue elation of mind.

He hath nothing of vainglory.

Bacon.

Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory. Philippians 2.

Vainly

VA'INLY, adverb Without effect; to no purpose; ineffectually; in vain.

In weak complaints you vainly waste your breath.

Dryden.

2. Boastingly; with vaunting; proudly; arrogantly.

Humility teaches us not to think vainly nor vauntingly of ourselves.

Delany.

3. Idly; foolishly.

Nor vainly hope to be invulnerable.

Milton.

Vainness

VA'INNESS, noun The state of being vain; inefficacy; ineffectualness; as the vainness of efforts.

2. Empty pride; vanity.

Vair

VAIR, noun In heraldry, a kind of fur or doubling, consisting of divers little picees, argent and azure, resembling a bell-glass.

Cyc. Chambers.

Vair

VAIR, or VA'IRY, adjective In heraldry, charged with vair; variegated with argent and azure colors, when the term is vairy proper; and with other colors, when it is vair or vairy composed.

Todd. Cyc.

Vaivode

VA'IVODE, noun [Sclav.] A prince of the Dacian provinces; sometimes written waiwode, for this is the pronunciation.

Valance

VAL'ANCE, noun [Qu. French avalant, falling; Norm. valaunt, descending.]

The fringes of drapery hanging round the tester and head of a bed.

Swift.

Valance

VAL'ANCE, verb transitive To decorate with hanging fringes.

Shak.

Vale

VALE, noun [French val; Italian valle; Latin vallis. Qu. Welsh gwael, low, and to fall, French avaler.]

1. A tract of low ground or of land between hills; a valley. [Vale is used in poetry, and valley in prose and common discourse.]

In those fair vales, by nature form'd to please.

Harte.

2. A little trough or canal; as a pump vale to carry off the water from a ship's pump.

3. Vales, money given to servants. [avails.] [Not used in America.]

Valediction

VALEDIC'TION, noun [Latin valedico; vale, farewell, and dico, to say.] A farewell; a bidding farewell.

Valedictory

VALEDIC'TORY, adjective Bidding farewell; as a valedictory oration.

Valedictory

VALEDIC'TORY, noun An oration or address spoken at commencement, in American colleges, by a member of the class which receive the degree of bachelor of arts, and take their leave of college and of each other.

Valentine

VAL'ENTINE, noun A sweetheart or choice made on Valentine's day.

Wotton.

2. A letter sent by one young person to another on Valentine's day.

Burton.

Valerian

VALE'RIAN, noun A plant of the genus Valeriana, of many species.

Valet

VAL'ET, noun [French; formerly written vadlet, valect, vallet, &c.]

1. A waiting servant; a servant who attends on a gentleman's person.

2. In the manege, a kind of goad or stick armed with a point of iron.

Cyc.

Valetudinarian

VALETUDINA'RIAN, or VALETU'DINARY, adjective [Latin valetudinarius, from valetudo, from valeo, to be well.]

Sickly; weak; infirm; seeking to recover health.

Valetudinarian

VALETUDINA'RIAN, or VALETU'DINARY, noun A person of a weak, infirm or sickly constitution; one who is seeking to recover health.

Valetudinarians must live where they can command and scold.

Swift.

Valiance

VAL'IANCE, n. val'yance. Bravery; valor. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Valiant

VALIANT, a. val'yant. [French vaillant, from valoir, Latin valeo, to be strong.]

1. Primarily, strong; vigorous in body; as a valiant fencer.

Walton.

2. Brave; courageous; intrepid in danger; heroic; as a valiant soldier.

Be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord's battles. 1 Samuel 18.

3. Performed with valor; bravely conducted; heroic; as a valiant action or achievment; a valiant combat.

Nelson.

Valiantly

VAL'IANTLY, adverb Stoutly; vigorously; with personal strength.

2. Courageously; bravely; heroically.

Valiantness

VAL'IANTNESS, noun Stoutness; strength.

2. Most generally, valor; bravery; intrepidity in danger.

Achimetes, having won the top of the walls, by the valiantness of the defendants was forced to retire.

Knolles.

Valid

VAL'ID, adjective [French valide; Latin validus, from valeo, to be strong. The primary sense of the root is to strain or stretch.]

1. Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; sound; just; good; that can be supported; not weak or defective; as a valid reason; a valid argument; a valid objection.

2. Having legal strength or force; efficacious; executed with the proper formalities; that cannot be rightfully overthrown or set aside; supportable by law or right; as a valid deed; a valid covenant; a valid instrument of any kind; a valid claim or title; a valid marriage.

3. Strong; powerful; in a literal sense; as valid arms. [Not in use.]

Validity

VALID'ITY, noun [French validitÃƒ-©; from valid.]

1. Strength or force to convince; justness; soundness; as the validity of an argument or proof; the validity of an objection.

2. Legal strength or force; that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in law or equity; as the validity of a will; the validity of a grant; the validity of a claim or of a title. Certain forms and solemnities are usually requisite to give validity to contracts and conveyances of rights.

3. Value. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Validly

VAL'IDLY, adverb In a valid manner; in such a manner or degree as to make firm or to convince.

Validness

VAL'IDNESS, noun Validity, which see.

Valise

VALISE, noun [French] A horseman's case or portmanteau.

Vallancy

VALLAN'CY, noun [from valance.] A large wig that shades the face.

Dryden.

Vallation

VALLA'TION, noun [Latin vallatus, from vallum, a wall.] A rampart or entrenchment.

Warton.

Valley

VAL'LEY, noun plu. valleys. [French vallÃƒ-©e; Latin vallis. See Vale.]

1. A hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains.

2. A low extended plain, usually alluvial, penetrated or washed by a river. The valley of the Connecticut is remarkable for its fertility and beauty.

Ye mountains, sink; ye valleys, rise;

Prepare the Lord his way.

Watts.

3. In building, a gutter over the sleepers in the roof of a building.

Cyc.

Vallum

VAL'LUM, noun [Latin] A trench or wall.

Warton.

Valor

VAL'OR, noun [Latin valor; French valeur; from Latin valeo, to be strong, to be worth.]

Strength of mind in regard to danger; that quality which enables a man to encounter danger with firmness; personal bravery; courage; intrepidity; prowess.

When valor preys on reason,

It eats the sword it fights with.

Shak.

For contemplation he and valor form'd.

Milton.

Ad valorem, in commerce, according to the value; as an ad valorem duty.

Valorous

VAL'OROUS, adjective Brave; courageous; stout; intrepid; as a valorous knight.

Valorously

VAL'OROUSLY, adverb In a brave manner; heroically.

Valuable

VAL'UABLE, adjective [French valable; from value.]

1. Having value or worth; having some good qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; as a valuable horse; valuable land; a valuable house.

2. Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as a valuable friend; a valuable companion.

Valuation

VALUA'TION, noun [from value.] The act of estimating the value or worth; the act of setting a price; as the just valuation of civil and religious privileges.

2. Apprizement; as a valuation of lands for the purpose of taxation.

3. Value set upon a thing; estimated worth.

So slight a valuation.

Shak.

Valuator

VALUA'TOR, noun One who sets a value; an apprizer.

Value

VALUE, n. val'u. [French valoir, valu; from Latin valor, from valeo, to be worth; Italian valore; Spanish valor.]

1. Worth; that property or those properties of a thing which render it useful or estimable; or the degree of that property or of such properties. The real value of a thing is its utility, its power or capacity of procuring or producing good. Hence the real or intrinsic value of iron, is far greater than that of gold. But there is, in many things, an estimated value, depending on opinion or fashion, such as the value of precious stones. The value of land depends on its fertility, or on its vicinity to a market, or on both.

2. Price; the rate of worth set upon a commodity, or the amount for which a thing is sold. We say, the value of a thing is what it will bring in market.

3. Worth; applied to persons.

Ye are all physicians of no value. Job 13.

Ye are of more value than many sparrows. Matthew 10.

4. High rate.

Cesar is well acquainted with your virtue,

And therefore sets this value on your life.

Addison.

5. Importance; efficacy in producing effects; as considerations of no value.

Ã‚--Before events shall have decided on the value of the measures.

Marshall.

6. Import; precise signification; as the value of a word or phrase.

Mitford.

Value

VALUE, v. t. val'u. To estimate the worth of; to rate at a certain price; to apprize; as, to value lands or goods.

2. To rate at a high price; to have in high esteem; as a valued poem or picture. A man is apt to value his own performances at too high a rate; he is even disposed to value himself for his humility.

3. To esteem; to hold in respect and estimation; as, to value one for his works or virtues.

4. To take account of.

The mind doth value every moment.

Bacon.

5. To reckon or estimate with respect to number or power.

The queen is valu'd thirty thousand strong.

Shak.

6. To consider with respect to importance.

The king must take it ill,

So slight valu'd in his messenger.

Shak.

Neither of them valued their promises according to the rules of honor or integrity.

Clarendon.

7. To raise to estimation.

Some value themselves to their country by jealousies to the crown. [Not in use.]

Temple.

8. To be worth. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Valued

VAL'UED, participle passive Estimated at a certain rate; apprized; esteemed.

Valueless

VAL'UELESS, adjective Being of no value; having no worth.

Valuer

VAL'UER, noun One who values; an apprizer; one who holds in esteem.

Valuing

VAL'UING, participle of the present tense Setting a price on; estimating the worth of; esteeming.

Valvate

VALV'ATE, adjective [See Valve.] Having or resembling a valve.

Valve

VALVE, n. valv. [Latin valvoe, folding doors; coinciding with volvo.]

1. A folding door.

Swift through the valves the visionary fair

Repass'd.

Pope.

2. A lid or cover so formed as to open a communication in one direction, and close it in the other. Thus the valve of a common pump opens upwards to admit the water, and closes downwards to prevent its return.

3. In anatomy, a membranous partition within the cavity of a vessel, which opens to allow the passage of a fluid in one direction, and shuts to prevent its regurgitation.

Parr.

4. In botany, the outer coat, shell or covering of a capsule or other pericarp, or rather one of the pieces which compose it; also, one of the leaflets composing the calyx and corol in grasses.

Martyn.

5. One of the pieces or divisions in bivalve and multivalve shells.

Ed. Encyc.

Valved

VALV'ED, adjective Having valves; composed of valves.

Valvlet

VALV'LET, or VALV'ULE, noun A little valve; one of the pieces which compose the outer covering of a pericarp.

Valvular

VALV'ULAR, adjective Containing valves.

Moor. Med. Dict.

Vamp

VAMP, noun [Welsh gwam, that incloses, or goes partly round.] The upper lether of a shoe.

Vamp

VAMP, verb transitive To piece an old thing with a new part; to repair.

I had never much hopes of your vamped play.

Swift.

Vamped

VAMP'ED, participle passive Pieced; repaired.

Vamper

VAMP'ER, noun One who pieces an old thing with something new.

Vamping

VAMP'ING, participle of the present tense Piecing with something new.

Vampire

VAMP'IRE, noun [German vampyr.] In mythology, an imaginary demon, which was fabled to suck the blood of persons during the night.

2. In zoology, a species of large bat, the Vespertilio vampyrus of Linne, called also the ternate bat. It inhabits Guinea, Madagascar, the E. India Isles, New Holland and New Caledonia. These animals fly in flocks, darkening the air by their numbers. It is said that this bat will insinuate his tongue into the vein of an animal imperceptibly, and suck his blood while asleep. This name is also given by Buffon to a species of large bat in South America, the V. spectrum of Linne.

Cyc.

Van

VAN, noun [The radical word from which is formed the French avant, avancer, advance, advantage. It is from the root of Latin venio, the primary sense of which is to pass.]

1. The front of an army; or the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sailing or in battle.

2. Among farmers, a fan for winnowing grain. [This in New England is always pronounced fan, which see. But the winnowing machine has nearly superseded the use of it.]

3. In mining, the cleansing of ore or tin stuff by means of a shovel.

Cyc.

4. A wing with which the air is beaten.

He wheel'd in air, and stretch'd his vans in vain.

Dryden.

Van

VAN, verb transitive [French vanner.] To fan. [Not in use.] [See Fan.]

Van-Coriers

VAN-CORIERS, noun [French avant-coureurs.] In armies, light armed soldiers sent before armies to beat the road upon the approach of an enemy; precursors.

Cyc.

Vandal

VAN'DAL, noun [It signifies a wanderer.] A ferocious, cruel person.

Vandalic

VANDAL'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Vandals; designating the south shore of the Baltic, where once lived the Vandals, a nation of ferocious barbarians; hence, ferocious; rude; barbarous.

Vandalism

VAN'DALISM, noun Ferocious cruelty; indiscriminate destruction of lives and property.

Ramsay.

Vandyke

VANDY'KE, noun A small round handker-chief with a collar for the neck, worn by females.

Vane

VANE, noun [Dutch vaan. The primary sense is extended.]

A plate placed on a spindle, at the top of a spire, for the purpose of showing by its turning and direction, which way the wind blows. In ships, a piece of bunting is used for the same purpose.

Van-Foss

VAN-FOSS, noun A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp.

Cyc.

Vang

VANG, noun The vangs of a ship are a sort of braces to steady the mizen-gaff.

Cyc.

2. The thin membranous part or web of a fether.

Derham.

Van-Guard

VAN'-GU`ARD, noun [van and guard.] The troops who march in front of an army; the first line.

Vanilla

VANIL'LA, noun A genus of plants which have an unctuous aromatic taste, and a fragrant smell; natives of South America and the Welsh Indies.

Cyc.

Vanish

VAN'ISH, verb intransitive [Latin vanesco; French evanouir; Italian svanire; from Latin vanus, vain, or its root; to wane. The primary sense is to withdraw or depart.]

1. To disappear; to pass from a visible to an invisible state; as, vapor vanishes from the sight by being dissipated. Light vanishes, when the rays of the illuminating body are intercepted; darkness vanishes before the rising sun.

2. To disappear; to pass beyond the limit of vision; as, a ship vanishes from the sight of spectators on land.

3. To disappear; to pass away; to be annihilated or lost. How cheering is the well founded hope of enjoying delights which can never vanish!

Vanished

VAN'ISHED, adjective Having no perceptible existence.

Pope.

Vanishing

VAN'ISHING, participle of the present tense Disappearing; passing from the sight or possession; departing forever.

Vanity

VAN'ITY, noun [French vanitÃƒ-©; Latin vanitas, from vanus, vain.]

1. Emptiness; want of substance to satisfy desire; uncertainty; inanity.

Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher; all is vanity. Ecclesiastes 1.

2. Fruitless desire or endeavor.

Vanity possesseth many who are desirous to know the certainty of things to come.

Sidney.

3. Trifling labor that produces no good.

Raleigh.

4. Emptiness; untruth.

Here I may well show the vanity of what is reported in the story of Walsingham.

Davies.

5. Empty pleasure; vain pursuit; idle show; unsubstantial enjoyment.

Sin with vanity had fill'd the works of men.

Milton.

Think not when woman's transient breath is fled,

That all her vanities at once are dead;

Succeeding vanities she still regards.

Pope.

6. Ostentation; arrogance.

Raleigh.

7. Inflation of mind upon slight grounds; empty pride, inspired by an overweening conceit of one's personal attainments or decorations. Fops cannot be cured of their vanity.

Vanity is the food of fools.

Swift.

No man sympathizes with the sorrows of vanity.

Johnson.

Vanquish

VAN'QUISH, verb transitive [French vaincre; Latin vinco; Italian vincere; Spanish vincer; probably allied to Latin vincio, to bind.]

1. To conquer; to overcome; to subdue in battle; as an enemy.

They vanquished the rebels in all encounters.

Clarendon.

2. To defeat in any contest; to refute in argument.

Atterbury.

Vanquish

VAN'QUISH, noun A disease in sheep, in which they pine away.

Vanquishable

VAN'QUISHABLE, adjective That may be conquered.

Gaylon.

Vanquished

VAN'QUISHED, participle passive Overcome in battle; subdued; defeated.

Vanquisher

VAN'QUISHER, noun A conqueror, a victor.

Milton.

Vanquishing

VAN'QUISHING, participle of the present tense Conquering; subduing; defeating; refuting.

Vansire

VAN'SIRE, noun In zoology, a species of weasel with short ears, found in Madagascar.

Cyc.

Vant

V`ANT, verb intransitive [French vanter.] To boast. [This is the more correct orthography. See Vaunt.]

Vantage

V`ANTAGE, noun [Spanish ventaja; from the root of Latin venio. See Advantage and Van.]

1. Gain; profit. Obs.

2. Superiority; state in which one has better means of action or defense than another. [This, I believe, is used only in the compound, vantage-ground.]

3. Opportunity; convenience. Obs.

Shak.

Vantage

V`ANTAGE, verb transitive To profit. [Not in use.]

Vantage-Ground

V`ANTAGE-GROUND, noun Superiority of state or place; the place or condition which gives one an advantage over another.

Vantbrass

VANT'BRASS, noun [French avant-bras.] Armor for the arm. Obs.

Milton.

Vapid

VAP'ID, adjective [Latin vapidus. The radical verb is not in the Latin, but the sense must be to pass or fly off, to escape; or to strike down, Latin vapulo. It is probably allied to vapor.]

1. Having lost its life and spirit; dead; spiritless; flat; as vapid beer; a vapid state of the blood.

2. Dull; unanimated.

Vapidness

VAP'IDNESS, noun The state of having lost its life or spirit; deadness; flatness; as the vapidness of ale or cider.

2. Dullness; want of life or spirit.

Vapor

VA'POR, noun [Latin Spanish vapor; French vapeur; Italian vapore. It is probably from a verb signifying to depart, to fly off.]

1. In a general sense, an invisible elastic fluid, rendered aeriform by heat, and capable of being condensed, or brought back to the liquid or solid state, by cold. The vapor of water is distinguished by the name of steam, which see.

2. A visible fluid floating in the atmosphere. All substances which impair the transparency of the atmosphere, as smoke, fog, &c. are in common language called vapors, though the term vapor is technically applied only to an invisible and condensible substance, as in No. 1.; fog, &c. being vapor condensed, or water in a minute state of division. Vapor rising into the higher regions of the atmosphere, and condensed in large volumes, forms clouds.

Dutch Olmsted.

3. Substances resembling smoke, which sometimes fill the atmosphere, particularly in America during the autumn.

4. Wind; flatulence.

Bacon.

5. Mental fume; vain imagination; unreal fancy.

Hammond.

6. Vapors, a disease of nervous debility, in which a variety of strange images float in the brain, or appear as if visible. Hence hypochondriacal affections and spleen are called vapors.

7. Something unsubstantial, fleeting or transitory.

For what is your life? It is even a vapor, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. James 4.

Vapor

VA'POR, verb intransitive [Latin vaporo.] To pass off in fumes or a moist floating substance; to steam; to be exhaled; to evaporate. [In this sense, evaporate is generally used.]

2. To emit fumes.

Running water vapors not so much as standing water. [Little used.]

Bacon.

3. To bully; to boast or vaunt with a vain ostentatious display of worth; to brag.

[This is the most usual signification of the word.]

And what in real value's wanting,

Supply with vaporing and ranting.

Hudibras.

Vapor

VA'POR, verb transitive To emit, cast off or scatter in fumes or stream; as, to vapor away a heated fluid.

Another sighing vapors forth his soul.

B. Jonson.

Vaporability

VAPORABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being capable of vaporization.

Dispensatory.

Vaporable

VAP'ORABLE, adjective Capable of being converted into vapor by the agency of caloric.

Vaporate

VAP'ORATE, verb intransitive To emit vapor. [See Evaporate.]

Vaporation

VAPORA'TION, noun [Latin vaporatio.] The act or process of converting into vapor, or of passing off in vapor.

Vapor-Bath

VA'POR-BATH, noun [vapor and bath.] The application of vapor to the body in a close place.

2. In chimistry, an apparatus for heating bodies by the fumes of hot water.

Cyc.

Vapored

VA'PORED, adjective Moist; wet with vapors.

2. Splenetic; peevish.

Green.

Vaporer

VA'PORER, noun A boaster; one who makes a vaunting display of his prowess or worth; a braggart.

Vaporific

VAPORIF'IC, adjective [Latin vapor and facio, to make.]

Forming into vapor; converting into steam, or expelling in a volatile form, as fluids.

Vaporing

VA'PORING, participle of the present tense Boasting; vaunting ostentatiously and vainly.

Vaporingly

VA'PORINGLY, adverb In a boasting manner.

Vaporish

VA'PORISH, adjective Full of vapors.

2. Hypochondriac; splenetic; affected by hysterics.

Vaporization

VAPORIZA'TION, noun The artificial formation of vapor.

Vaporize

VAP'ORIZE, verb transitive To convert into vapor by the application of heat or artificial means.

Vaporize

VAP'ORIZE, verb intransitive To pass off in vapor.

Vaporized

VAP'ORIZED, participle passive Expelled in vapor.

Vaporizing

VAP'ORIZING, participle of the present tense Converting into vapor.

Vaporous

VA'POROUS, adjective [French vaporeux.] Full of vapors or exhalations; as the vaporous air of valleys.

Derham.

2. Vain; unreal; proceeding from the vapors.

Bacon.

3. Windy; flatulent; as, vaporous food is the most easily digested.

Arbuthnot.

Vaporousness

VA'POROUSNESS, noun State of being full of vapors.

Vapory

VA'PORY, adjective Vaporous; full of vapors.

Thomson.

2. Hypochondriac; splenetic; peevish.

Thomson.

Vapulation

VAPULA'TION, noun [Latin vapulo.] The act of beating or whipping. [Not in use.]

Vare

VARE, noun [Spanish vara.] A wand or staff of justice. [Not in use.]

Howell.

Varec

VAR'EC, noun The French name for kelp or incinerated sea weed; wrack.

Ure.

Vari

VA'RI, noun In zoology, a species of quadruped, the maucauco or Lemur catta of Linne, having its tail marked with rings of black and white; a native of Madagascar. The vari of Buffon is the black maucauco, Latin macaco of Linne, with the neck bearded, like a ruff.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

Variable

VA'RIABLE, adjective [French See Vary.] That may vary or alter; capable of alteration in any manner; changeable; as variable winds or seasons; variable colors.

2. Susceptible of change; liable to change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable.

His heart I know, how variable and vain.

Milton.

3. In mathematics, subject to continual increase or decrease; in opposition to constant, retaining the same value.

Variable

VA'RIABLE, noun In mathematics, a quantity which is in a state of continual increase or decrease. The indefinitely small quantity by which a variable is continually increased or diminished, is called its differential, and the method of finding these quantities, the differential calculus.

Hutton.

Variableness

VA'RIABLENESS, noun Susceptibility of change; liableness or aptness to alter; changeableness; as the variableness of the weather.

2. Inconstancy; fickleness; unsteadiness; levity; as the variableness of human passions.

Variably

VA'RIABLY, adverb Changeably; with alteration; in an inconstant or fickle manner.

Variance

VA'RIANCE, noun [See Vary.] In law, an alteration of something formerly laid in a writ; or a difference between a declaration and a writ, or the deed on which it is grounded.

2. Any alteration or change of condition.

3. Difference that produces dispute or controversy; disagreement; dissension; discord. A mere variance may become a war. Without a spirit of condescension, there will be an everlasting variance.

At variance, in disagreement; in a state of difference or want of agreement.

2. In a state of dissension or controversy; in a state of enmity.

Variate

VA'RIATE, verb transitive To alter; to make different.

King.

2. To vary. [A bad word.]

Variation

VARIA'TION, noun [French from Latin variatio. See Vary.]

1. Alteration; a partial change in the form, position, state or qualities of the same thing; as a variation of color in different lights; a variation in the size of a plant from day to day; the unceasing, though slow variation of language; a variation in a soil from year to year. Our opinions are subject to continual variations.

The essences of things are conceived not capable of such variation.

Locke.

2. Difference; change from one to another.

In some other places are born more females than males; which, upon this variation of proportion, I recommend to the curious.

Graunt.

3. In grammar, change of termination of nouns and adjectives, constituting what is called case, number and gender; as the variation of words.

4. Deviation; as a variation of a transcript from the original.

Dryden.

5. In astronomy, the variation of the moon is the third inequality in her motion; by which, when out of the quadratures, her true place differs from her place twice equated.

Cyc.

6. In geography and navigation, the deviation of the magnetic needle from the true north point; called also declination.

Cyc.

The variation of the needle at New Haven, in 1820, as ascertained from the mean of numerous observations made by Professor Fisher, was 4Ã‚-°. 25' 42/100 west.

7. In music, the different manner of singing or playing the same air or tune, by subdividing the notes into several others of less value, or by adding graces, yet so that the tune itself may be discovered through all its embellishments.

Cyc.

Varicocele

VAR'ICOCELE, noun [Latin varix, a dilated vein, and Greek, a tumor.]

In surgery, a varicous enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord; or more generally, a like enlargement of the veins of the scrotum.

Cyc.

Varicose

VAR'ICOSE, or VAR'ICOUS, adjective [Latin varicosus, having enlarged veins.]

1. Preternaturally enlarged, or permanently dilated, as a vein.

2. Swelled; puffy; as an ulcer on the legs of beasts.

Cyc.

Varied

VA'RIED, participle passive of vary. Altered; partially changed; changed.

Variegate

VA'RIEGATE, verb transitive [Italian varieggiare; from Latin vario, varius. See Vary.]

To diversify in external appearance; to mark with different colors; as, to variegate a floor with marble of different colors.

The shells are filled with a white spar, which variegates and adds to the beauty of the stone.

Woodward.

Ladies like variegated tulips show.

Pope.

Variegated

VA'RIEGATED, participle passive Diversified in colors or external appearance. Variegated leaves, in botany, are such as are irregularly marked with white or yellow spots.

Cyc.

Variegating

VA'RIEGATING, participle of the present tense Diversifying with colors.

Variegation

VARIEGA'TION, noun The act of diversifying, or state of being diversified by different colors; diversity of colors.

Variety

VARI'ETY, noun [French varietÃƒ-©; Latin varietas, from vario, to vary.]

1. Intermixture of different things, or of things different in form; or a succession of different things.

Variety is nothing else but a continued novelty.

South.

The variety of colors depends on the composition of light.

Newton.

2. One thing of many which constitute variety. In this sense, it has a plural; as the varieties of a species.

3. Difference; dissimilitude.

There is a variety in the tempers of good men.

Atterbury.

4. Variation; deviation; change from a former state. [Little used.]

Hale.

5. Many and different kinds. The shop-keeper has a great variety of cottons and silks.

He wants to do a variety of good things.

Law.

6. In natural history, a difference not permanent or invariable, but occasioned by an accidental change; as a variety of any species of plant.

Naturalists formerly erred very much in supposing an accidental variety of plants, animals or minerals, to be a distinct species. Ray has established a good test for varieties in botany. A plant is distinct, which propagates itself in its own form by its seed; but when the difference disappears in the new plant, it is only a variety. Variety then is a difference between individuals, not permanent nor important enough to constitute a distinct species; such as in size, color, fullness, curling, &c.

7. Different sort; as varieties of soil or land.

Variolite

VA'RIOLITE, noun [Latin varius and Greek, stone.]

In mineralogy, a kind of porphyritic rock, in which the imbedded substances are imperfectly crystalized, or are rounded, giving the stone a spotted appearance.

Cyc.

Variolites are fragments of primitive glandular rocks.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Varioloid

VA'RIOLOID, noun [Latin varioloe and Greek, form.]

The name recently given to a disease resembling the small pox.

Variolous

VA'RIOLOUS, adjective [Latin varioloe, from vario, to diversify.] Pertaining to or designating the small pox.

Various

VA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin varius. See Vary.] Different; several; manifold; as men of various names and various occupations.

2. Changeable; uncertain; unfixed.

The names of mixed modesÃ‚--are very various and doubtful.

Locke.

3. Unlike each other; diverse.

Dryden.

So many and so various laws are giv'n.

Milton.

4. Variegated; diversified.

Milton.

Variously

VA'RIOUSLY, adverb In different ways; with change; with diversity; as objects variously represented; flowers variously colored. The human system is variously affected by different medicines.

Varix

VA'RIX, noun [Latin] An uneven swelling of a dilated vein.

Cyc.

2. In beasts, a sort of puffy dilatation or enlargement in some part of a vein, forming a kind of knot.

Cyc.

Varlet

V`ARLET, noun [Old French See Valet.] Anciently, a servant or footman.

Tusser.

2. A scoundrel; a rascal; as an impudent varlet.

Addison.

Varletry

V`ARLETRY, noun The rabble; the crowd. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Varnish

V`ARNISH, noun [French vernis; Spanish barniz; Portugese verniz; Italian vernice; Low Latin vernix; German firniss; Dutch vernis.]

1. A thick, viscid, glossy liquid, laid on work by painters and others, to give it a smooth hard surface and a beautiful gloss. Varnishes are made of different materials and for different purposes. Amber varnish is made of amber, lintseed oil, litharge and turpentine. Black varnish, for japanning wood and lether, is made by mixing lampblack with a proper quantity of a strong solution of gum-lac in spirit of wine.

Cyc.

2. An artificial covering to give a fair appearance to any act or conduct.

Varnish

V`ARNISH, verb transitive [French vernisser, vernir.] To lay varnish on; to cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy surface; as, to varnish a sideboard or table.

2. To cover with something that gives a fair external appearance.

Close ambition, varnish'd o'er with zeal.

Milton.

3. To give a fair external appearance in words; to give a fair coloring to; as, to varnish errors or deformity.

Cato's voice was ne'er employ'd

To clear the guilty, and to varnish crimes.

Addison.

And bow the knee to pomp that loves to varnish guilt.

Byron.

Varnished

V`ARNISHED, participle passive Covered with varnish; made glossy.

2. Rendered fair in external appearance.

Varnisher

V`ARNISHER, noun One who varnishes, or whose occupation is to varnish.

2. One who disguises or palliates; one who gives a fair external appearance.

Pope.

Varnishing

V`ARNISHING, participle of the present tense Laying on varnish; giving a fair external appearance.

Varnish-Tree

V`ARNISH-TREE, noun The Rhus vernix, poison ash, or poison oak.

Lee.

Varvels

V`ARVELS, or VER'VELS, noun [French vervel.] Silver rings about the legs of a hawk, on which the owner's name is engraved.

Dict.

Vary

VA'RY, verb transitive [Latin vario; French varier; Spanish variar; Italian variare; probably allied to veer, Spanish birar, Latin verto, Ethiopic bari, whence to alternate. See Class Br. No. 11. and No. 23.]

1. To alter in form, appearance, substance or position; to make different by a partial change; as, to vary a thing in dimensions; to vary its properties, proportions or nature; to vary the posture or attitude of a thing; to vary one's dress.

2. To change to something else.

Gods, that never change their state,

Vary oft their love and hate.

Waller.

We are to vary the customs according to the time and country where the scene of action lies.

Dryden.

3. To make of different kinds.

God hath varied the inclinations of men, according to the variety of actions to be performed.

Browne.

4. To diversify; to variegate.

God hath here

Varied his bounty so with new delights.

Milton.

Vary

VA'RY, verb intransitive To alter or be altered in any manner; to suffer a partial change. Colors often vary when held in different positions. Customs vary from one age to another, until they are entirely changed.

2. To be changeable; to alter; as the varying hues of the clouds; the varying plumage of a dove.

3. To differ or be different; to be unlike. The laws of different countries vary. The laws of France vary from those of England.

4. To be changed; to become different. The man varies in his opinions; his opinions vary with the times.

5. To become unlike one's self; to alter.

He varies from himself no less.

Pope.

6. To deviate; to depart; as, to vary from the law; to vary from the rules of justice or reason.

Locke.

7. To alter or change in succession.

While fear and anger, with alternate grace,

Pant in her breast, and vary in her face.

Addison.

8. To disagree; to be at variance; as, men vary in opinion.

Vary

VA'RY, noun Alteration; change. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Varying

VA'RYING, participle of the present tense Altering; changing; deviating.

Vascular

VAS'CULAR, adjective [Latin vasculum, a vessel, from vas, id.]

1. Pertaining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies; as the vascular functions.

2. Full of vessels; consisting of animal or vegetable vessels, as arteries, veins, lacteals and the like; as the vascular system. Animal flesh is all vascular, none of it parenchymous.

Cyc.

Vascularity

VASCULAR'ITY, noun The state of being vascular.

Med. Repos.

Vasculiferous

VASCULIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin vasculum and fero, to bear.]

Vasculiferous plants are such as have seed vessels divided into cells.

Cyc.

Vase

VASE, noun [French from Latin vas, vasa, a vessel; Italian vaso.]

1. A vessel for domestic use, or for use in temples; as a vase for sacrifice, an urn, &c.

2. An ancient vessel dug out of the ground or from rubbish, and kept as a curiosity.

3. In architecture, an ornament of sculpture, placed on socles or pedestals, representing the vessels of the ancients, as incensepots, flower-pots, &c. They usually crown or finish faÃƒ-§ades or frontispieces.

Cyc.

4. The body of the Corinthian and Composite capital; called also the tambor or drum.

5. Among florists, the calyx of a plant, as of a tulip.

Cyc.

6. Among goldsmiths, the middle of a church candlestick.

Cyc.

7. A solid piece of ornamental marble.

Johnson.

Vassal

VAS'SAL, noun [French vassal; Italian vassallo; Spanish vasallo; Welsh gwÃƒ-¢s, a boy or youth, a page, a servant; gwasÃƒ-¢u, to serve.]

1. A feudatory; a tenant; one who holds land of a superior, and who vows fidelity and homage to him. A rear vassal is one who holds of a lord who is himself a vassal.

2. A subject; a dependant.

Hooker.

3. A servant.

Shak.

4. In common language, a bondman; a political slave. We will never be the vassals of a foreign prince

Vassal

VAS'SAL, verb transitive To subject to control; to enslave.

Vassalage

VAS'SALAGE, noun [French vasselage; Spanish vasalage.]

1. The state of being a vassal or feudatory.

2. Political servitude; dependence; subjection; slavery. The Greeks were long held in vassalage by the Turks.

Vassaled

VAS'SALED, participle passive or adjective Enslaved; subjected to absolute power; as a vassaled land.

Trumbull.

Vast

V`AST, adjective [Latin vastus; French vaste; Italian vasto. The primary sense of the root must be to part or spread, as this is connected with the verb to waste.]

1. Being of great extent; very spacious or large; as the vast ocean; a vast abyss; the vast empire of Russia; the vast plains of Syria; the vast domains of the Almighty.

2. Huge in bulk and extent; as the vast mountains of Asia; the vast range of the Andes.

3. Very great in numbers or amount; as a vast army; vast numbers or multitudes were slain; vast sums of money have been expended to gratify pride and ambition.

4. Very great in force; mighty; as vast efforts; vast labor.

5. Very great in importance; as a subject of vast concern.

Vast

V`AST, noun An empty waste.

Through the vast of heav'n it sounded.

Milton.

The watery vast.

Pope.

Vastation

VASTA'TION, noun [Latin vastatio, from vasto, to waste.]

A laying waste; waste; depopulation. [Devastation is generally used.]

Vastidity

VASTID'ITY, noun Vastness; immensity. [Not English.]

Shak.

Vastly

V`ASTLY, adverb Very greatly; to a great extent or degree; as a space vastly extended. Men differ vastly in their opinions and manners.

Vastness

V`ASTNESS, noun Great extent; immensity; as the vastness of the ocean or of space.

2. Immense bulk and extent; as the vastness of a mountain.

3. Immense magnitude or amount; as the vastness of an army, or of the sums of money necessary to support it.

4. Immense importance.

Vasty

V`ASTY, adjective Being of great extent; very spacious.

I can call spirits from the vasty deep. [Little used.]

Shak.

Vat

VAT, noun [Dutch vat; Saxon fat; German fass.] A large vessel or cistern for holding liquors in an immature state; as vats for wine.

Let him produce his vats and tubs, in opposition to heaps of arms and standards.

Addison.

2. A square box or cistern in which hides are laid for steeping in tan.

3. An oil measure in Holland; also, a wine measure.

4. A square hollow place on the back of a calcining furnace, where tin ore is laid to dry.

Cyc.

Vatican

VAT'ICAN, noun In Rome, the celebrated church of St. Peter; and also, a magnificent palace of the pope; situated at the foot of one of the seven hills on which Rome was built. Hence the phrase, the thunders of the Vatican, meaning the anathemas or denunciations of the pope.

Vaticide

VAT'ICIDE, noun [Latin vates, a prophet, and coedo, to kill.]

The murderer of a prophet.

Pope.

Vaticinal

VATIC'INAL, adjective [Latin vaticinor, to prophesy.] Containing prophecy.

Warton.

Vaticinate

VATIC'INATE, verb intransitive [Latin vaticinor, from vates, a prophet.]

To prophesy; to foretell; to practice prediction. [Little used.]

Howell.

Vaticination

VATICINA'TION, noun Prediction; prophecy.

Bentley.

Vault

VAULT, noun [French voÃƒ-»te; Italian volta, a vault; volto, the face, visage, and a vault, Latin vultus; a derivative of Latin volvo, volutus; Spanish voltear, to turn, to tumble.]

1. A continued arch, or an arched roof. Vaults are of various kinds, circular, elliptical, single, double, cross, diagonal, Gothic, &c.

Cyc.

2. A cellar.

To banish rats that haunt our vault.

Swift.

3. A cave or cavern.

The silent vaults of death, unknown to light.

Sandys.

4. A repository for the dead.

Shak.

5. In the manege, the leap of a horse.

Vault

VAULT, verb transitive To arch; to form with a vault; or to cover with a vault; as, to vault a passage to a court.

Vault

VAULT, verb intransitive [Spanish voltear; Italian voltare; French vautrer.]

1. To leap; to bound; to jump; to spring.

Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itselfÃ‚--

Shak.

Leaning on his lance, he vaulted on a tree.

Dryden.

Lucan vaulted upon Pegasus with all the heat and intrepidity of youth.

Addison.

2. To tumble; to exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping.

Vaultage

VAULT'AGE, noun Vaulted work; an arched cellar. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Vaulted

VAULT'ED, participle passive Arched; concave; as a vaulted roof.

2. Covered with an arch or vault.

3. adjective In botany, arched like the roof of the mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers.

Martyn.

Vaulter

VAULT'ER, noun One that vaults; a leaper; a tumbler.

Vaulting

VAULT'ING, participle of the present tense Arching; covering with an arch.

2. Leaping; tumbling; exhibiting feats of leaping.

Vaulty

VAULT'Y, adjective Arched; concave. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Vaunt

V`AUNT, verb intransitive [French vanter; Italian vantarsi, from vanto, a boasting, from vano, vain, Latin vanus. This ought to be written vant.]

To boast; to make a vain display of one's own worth, attainments or decorations; to talk with vain ostentation; to brag.

PrideÃ‚--prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what he is.

Gov. of the Tongue.

Vaunt

V`AUNT, verb transitive To boast of; to make a vain display of.

My vanquisher, spoil'd of his vaunted spoil.

Milton.

Charity vaunteth not itself. 1 Corinthians 13.

Vaunt

V`AUNT, noun Boast; a vain display of what one is or has, or has done; ostentation from vanity.

Him I seduc'd

With other vaunts and other promises.

Milton.

Vaunt

V`AUNT, noun [French avant.] The first part. [Not used.]

Shak.

Vaunt-Courier

VAUNT-COURIER, noun [French avant-coureur.] A precursor.

Shak.

Vaunted

V`AUNTED, participle passive Vainly boasted of or displayed.

Vaunter

V`AUNTER, noun A vain conceited boaster; a braggart; a man given to vain ostentation.

Spenser.

Vauntful

V`AUNTFUL, adjective Boastful; vainly ostentatious.

Vaunting

V`AUNTING, participle of the present tense Vainly boasting; ostentatiously setting forth what one is or has.

Vauntingly

V`AUNTINGLY, adverb Boastfully; with vain ostentation.

Shak.

Vaunt-Mure

V`AUNT-MURE, noun [French avant-mur.] A false wall; a work raised in front of the main wall.

Camden.

Vavasor

VAV'ASOR, noun [This word in old books is variously written, valvasor, vavasour, valvasour. It is said to be from vassal. But qu.]

Camden holds that the vavasor was next below a baron. Du Cange maintains that there were two sorts of vavasors; the greater, who held of the king, such as barons and counts; and the lesser, called valvasini, who held of the former. The dignity or rank is no longer in use, and the name is known only in books.

Cyc.

Vavasory

VAV'ASORY, noun The quality or tenure of the fee held by a vavasor.

Cyc.

Vaward

VA'WARD, noun [van and ward.] The fore part. Obs.

Shak.

Veal

VEAL, noun [French veau, a calf; probably contracted from Latin vitellus.]

The flesh of a calf killed for the table.

Vection

VEC'TION, noun [Latin vectio, from veho, to carry.]

The act of carrying, or state of being carried. [Not in use.]

Vectitation

VECTITA'TION, noun [Latin vectito.] A carrying. [Not in use.]

Arbuthnot.

Vector

VEC'TOR, noun [Latin from veho, to carry.] In astronomy, a line supposed to be drawn from any planet moving round a center or the focus of an ellipsis, to that center or focus.

Vecture

VEC'TURE, noun [Latin vectura, from veho, supra.]

A carrying; carriage; conveyance by carrying. [Little used.]

Bacon.

Veda

VEDA, n. vedaw'. The name of the collective body of the Hindoo sacred writings. These are divided into four parts or vedas. The word is sometimes written vedam.

Sir Welsh Jones. Colebrooke.

Vedet

VEDET', or VEDETTE, noun [French vedette; Italian vedetta, from vedere, Latin video, to see.] A sentinel on horseback.

Veer

VEER, verb intransitive [French virer; Spanish birar; Dutch vieren; allied probably to Latin vario and verto. See Ware.]

To turn; to change direction; as, the wind veers to the west or north.

And as he leads, the following navy veers.

Dryden.

And turn your veering heart with ev'ry gale.

Roscommon.

To veer and haul, as wind, to alter its direction.

Veer

VEER, verb transitive To turn; to direct to a different course.

To veer out, to suffer to run or to let out to a greater length; as, to veer out a rope.

To veer away, to let out; to slacken and let run; as, to veer away the cable. This is called also paying out the cable.

To veer and haul, to pull tight and slacken alternately.

Mar. Dict.

Veerable

VEE'RABLE, adjective Changeable; shifting. [Not in use.]

Randolph.

Veered

VEE'RED, participle passive Turned; changed in direction; let out.

Veering

VEE'RING, participle of the present tense Turning; letting out to a greater length.

Vegetability

VEGETABIL'ITY, noun [from vegetable.] Vegetable nature; the quality of growth without sensation.

Brown.

Vegetable

VEG'ETABLE, noun [French from vegeter, Latin vigeo, to grow.]

1. A plant; an organized body destitute of sense and voluntary motion, deriving its nourishment through pores or vessels on its outer surface, in most instances adhering to some other body, as the earth, and in general, propagating itself by seeds. Some vegetables have spontaneous motion, as the sunflower. Vegetables alone have the power of deriving nourishment from inorganic matter, or organic matter entirely decomposed.

2. In a more limited sense, vegetables are such plants as are used for culinary purposes and cultivated in gardens, or are destined for feeding cattle and sheep. Vegetables for these uses are such as are of a more soft and fleshy substance than trees and shrubs; such as cabbage, cauliflower, turneps, potatoes, peas, beans, &c.

Vegetable

VEG'ETABLE, adjective Belonging to plants; as a vegetable nature; vegetable qualities; vegetable juices.

2. Consisting of plants; as the vegetable kingdom.

3. Having the nature of plants; as a vegetable body.

Vegetate

VEG'ETATE, verb intransitive [Latin vegeto, French vegeter; from Latin vigeo, to flourish.]

To sprout; to germinate; to grow; as plants; to grow and be enlarged by nutriment imbibed from the earth, air or water, by means of roots and leaves. Plants will not vegetate without a certain degree of heat; but some plants vegetate with less heat than others. Potatoes will vegetate after they are pared.

See dying vegetables life sustain,

See life dissolving vegetate again.

Pope.

Vegetating

VEG'ETATING, participle of the present tense Germinating; sprouting; growing; as plants.

Vegetation

VEGETA'TION, noun [French] The process of growing, as plants, by means of nourishment derived from the earth, or from water and air, and received through roots and leaves. We observe that vegetation depends on heat as the moving principle, and on certain substances which constitute the nutriment of plants. Rapid vegetation is caused by increased heat and a rich soil.

2. Vegetables or plants in general. In June, vegetation in our climate wears a beautiful aspect.

Vegetation of salts, so called, consists in certain concretions formed by salts, after solution in water, when set in the air for evaporation. These concretions appear round the surface of the liquor, affixed to the sides of the vessel.

Vegetative

VEG'ETATIVE, adjective [French vegetatif.] Growing, or having the power of growing, as plants.

Raleigh.

2. Having the power to produce growth in plants; as the vegetative properties of soil.

Broome.

Vegetativeness

VEG'ETATIVENESS, noun The quality of producing growth.

Vegete

VEGE'TE, adjective [Latin vegetus.] Vigorous; active. [Little used.]

Wallis.

Vegetive

VEG'ETIVE, adjective [Latin vegeto, vigeo.] Vegetable; having the nature of plants; as vegetive life. [Little used.]

Tusser.

Vegetive

VEG'ETIVE, noun A vegetable. [Not in use.]

Sandys.

Vegeto-Animal

VEG'ETO-ANIMAL, a. Vegeto-animal matter, is a term formerly applied to vegetable gluten, which is found in the seeds of certain plants, in a state of union with farina or starch. It is remarkably elastic, and when dry, semi-transparent. By distillation it affords, like animal substances, alkaline water, concrete volatile alkali, and an empyreumatic oil.

Cyc. Fourcroy.

Vegetous

VEGE'TOUS, adjective Vigorous; lively; vegete. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Vehemence

VE'HEMENCE, or VE'HEMENCY, noun [French vehemence; from Latin vehemens, from veho, to carry, that is, to rush or drive.]

1. Violence; great force; properly, force derived from velocity; as the vehemence of wind. But it is applied to any kind of forcible action; as, to speak with vehemence.

2. Violent ardor; great heat; animated fervor; as the vehemence of love or affection; the vehemence of anger or other passion.

I tremble at his vehemence of temper.

Addison.

Vehement

VE'HEMENT, adjective [French from Latin vehemens.]

1. Violent; acting with great force; furious; very forcible; as a vehement wind; a vehement torrent; a vehement fire or heat.

2. Very ardent; very eager or urgent; very fervent; as a vehement affection or passion; vehement desire; vehement eloquence.

Milton.

Vehemently

VE'HEMENTLY, adverb With great force and violence.

2. Urgently; forcibly; with great zeal or pathos.

Tillotson.

Vehicle

VE'HICLE, noun [French vehicule; Latin vehiculum, from veho, to carry.]

1. That in which any thing is or may be carried; any kind of carriage moving on land, either on wheels or runners. This word comprehends coaches, chariots, gigs, sulkies, wagons, carts of every kind, sleighs and sleds. These are all vehicles. But the word is more generally applied to wheel carriages, and rarely I believe to water craft.

2. That which is used as the instrument of conveyance. Language is the vehicle which conveys ideas to others. Letters are vehicles of communication.

A simple style forms the best vehicle of thought to a popular assembly.

Wirt.

Vehicled

VE'HICLED, adjective Conveyed in a vehicle.

Green.

Veil

VEIL, noun [Latin velum.] A cover; a curtain; something to intercept the view and hide an object.

2. A cover; a disguise. [See Vail. The latter orthography gives the Latin pronunciation as well as the English, and is to be preferred.]

Veil

VEIL, verb transitive To cover with a veil; to conceal.

2. To invest; to cover.

3. To hide. [See Vail.]

Vein

VEIN, noun [French veine; Latin vena, from the root of venio, to come, to pass. The sense is a passage, a conduit.]

1. A vessel in animal bodies, which receives the blood from the extreme arteries, and returns it to the heart. The veins may be arranged in three divisions. 1. Those that commence from the capillaries all over the body, and return the blood to the heart. 2. The pulmonary veins. 3. The veins connected with the vena portarum, in which the blood that has circulated through the organs of digestion, is conveyed to the liver.

Cyc.

2. In plants, a tube or an assemblage of tubes, through which the sap is transmitted along the leaves. The term is more properly applied to the finer and more complex ramifications, which interbranch with each other like net-work; the larger and more direct assemblages of vessels being called ribs and nerves. Veins are also found in the calyx and corol of flowers.

Cyc.

The vessels which branch or variously divide over the surface of leaves are called veins.

Martyn.

3. In geology, a fissure in rocks or strata, filled with a particular substance. Thus metallic veins intersect rocks or strata of other substances. Metalliferous veins have been traced in the earth for miles; some in South America are said to have been traced eighty miles. Many species of stones, as granite, porphyry, &c. are often found in veins.

Cyc.

4. A streak or wave of different color, appearing in wood, marble, and other stones; variegation.

5. A cavity or fissure in the earth or in other substance.

6. Tendency or turn of mind; a particular disposition or cast of genius; as a rich vein of wit or humor; a satirical vein.

Invoke the muses, and improve my vein.

Waller.

7. Current.

He can open a vein of true and noble thinking.

Swift.

8. Humor; particular temper.

Shak.

9. Strain; quality; as my usual vein.

Oldham.

Veined

VEINED, adjective [from vein.] Full of veins; streaked; variegated; as veined marble.

2. In botany, having vessels branching over the surface, as a leaf.

Veinless

VEINLESS, adjective In botany, having no veins; as a veinless leaf.

Barton.

Veiny

VEINY, adjective Full of veins; as veiny marble.

Thomson.

Veliferous

VELIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin velum, a sail, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or carrying sails.

Evelyn.

Velitation

VELITA'TION, noun [Latin velitatio.] A dispute or contest; a slight skirmish. [Not in use.]

Burton.

Vell

VELL, noun [Qu. fell, a skin.] A rennet bag. [Local.]

Vell

VELL, verb transitive [Qu. fell, a skin.] To cut off the turf or sward of land. [Local.]

Cyc.

Velleity

VELLE'ITY, noun [French velleitÃƒ-©; from Latin velle, to will.]

A term by which the schools express the lowest degree of desire.

Locke.

Vellicate

VEL'LICATE, verb transitive [Latin vellico, from vello, to pull. It may be from the root of pull.]

To twitch; to stimulate; applied to the muscles and fibers of animals; to cause to twitch convulsively.

Cyc.

Vellicated

VEL'LICATED, participle passive Twitched or caused to twitch.

Vellicating

VEL'LICATING, participle of the present tense Twitching; convulsing.

Vellication

VELLICA'TION, noun The act of twitching, or of causing to twitch.

2. A twitching or convulsive motion of a muscular fiber.

Vellum

VEL'LUM, noun [French velin. It coincides with fell, Dutch vel, skin; probably from the root of Latin vello.]

A finer kind of parchment or skin, rendered clear and white for writing.

Velocity

VELOC'ITY, noun [French velocitÃƒ-©; Latin velocitas, from velox, swift, allied to volo, to fly.]

1. Swiftness; celerity; rapidity; as the velocity of wind; the velocity of a planet or comet in its orbit or course; the velocity of a cannon ball; the velocity of light. In these phrases, velocity is more generally used than celerity. We apply celerity to animals; as, a horse or an ostrich runs with celerity, and a stream runs with rapidity or velocity: but bodies moving in the air or in etherial space, move with greater or less velocity, not celerity. This usage is arbitrary, and perhaps not universal.

2. In philosophy, velocity is that affection of motion by which a body moves over a certain space in a certain time. Velocity is in direct proportion to the space over which a body moves. Velocity is absolute or relative; absolute, when a body moves over a certain space in a certain time; relative, when it has respect to another moving body. Velocity is also uniform or equal; or it is unequal, that is, retarded or accelerated.

Velure

VEL'URE, noun [French velours.] Velvet. Obs.

Shak.

Velvet

VEL'VET, noun [Italian velluto; Spanish velludo; French velours; Latin vellus, hair, nap.]

A rich silk stuff, covered on the outside with a close, short, fine, soft shag or nap. The name is given also to cotton stuffs.

Velvet

VEL'VET, verb transitive To paint velvet.

Peacham.

Velvet

VEL'VET, or VEL'VETED, adjective Made of velvet; or soft and delicate, like velvet.

Velveteen

VELVETEE'N, noun A kind of cloth made in imitation of velvet.

Velveting

VEL'VETING, noun The fine shag of velvet.

Cyc.

Velvety

VEL'VETY, adjective Made of velvet, or like velvet; soft; smooth; delicate.

Med. Repos.

Venal

VE'NAL, adjective [Latin vena, a vein.] Pertaining to a vein or to veins; contained in the veins; as venal blood. [See Venous, which is generally used.]

Venal

VE'NAL, adjective [Latin venalis, from veneo, to be sold.]

1. Mercenary; prostitute; that may be bought or obtained for money or other valuable consideration; as a venal muse; venal services.

2. That may be sold; set to sale; as, all offices are venal in a corrupt government.

3. Purchased; as a venal vote.

Junius.

Venality

VENAL'ITY, noun Mercenariness; the state of being influenced by money; prostitution of talents, offices or services for money or reward; as the venality of a corrupt court.

Venary

VEN'ARY, adjective [Latin venor, to hunt.] Relating to hunting.

Venatic

VENAT'IC, or VENAT'ICAL, adjective [Latin venaticus, from venor, to hunt.] Used in hunting.

Venation

VENA'TION, noun [Latin venatio, from venor, to hunt.]

1. The act or practice of hunting.

Brown.

2. The state of being hunted.

Brown.

Vend

VEND, verb transitive [Latin vendo; French vendre; Italian vendere; Spanish vender.]

To sell; to transfer a thing and the exclusive right of possessing it, to another person for a pecuniary equivalent; as, to vend goods; to vend meat and vegetables in market. Vending differs from barter. We vend for money; we barter for commodities. Vend is applicable only to wares, merchandize, or other small articles, not to lands and tenements. We never say, to vend a farm, a lease, or a bond, a right or a horse.

Vended

VEND'ED, participle passive Sold; transferred for money; as goods.

Vendee

VENDEE', noun The person to whom a thing is sold.

Vender

VEND'ER, noun [French vendeur.] A seller; one who transfers the exclusive right of possessing a thing, either his own, or that of another as his agent. Auctioneers are the venders of goods for other men.

Vendibility

VENDIBIL'ITY, or VEND'IBLENESS, noun The state of being vendible or salable.

Vendible

VEND'IBLE, adjective [Latin vendibilis.] Salable; that may be sold; that can be sold; as vendible; goods. Vendible differs from marketable; the latter signifies proper or fit for market, according to the laws or customs of a place. Vendible has no reference to such legal fitness.

Vendible

VEND'IBLE, noun Something to be sold or offered for sale.

Mitford.

Vendibly

VEND'IBLY, adverb In a salable manner.

Venditation

VENDITA'TION, noun [Latin venditatio.] A boastful display. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Vendition

VENDI'TION, noun [French from Latin venditio.] The act of selling; sale.

Vendor

VEND'OR, noun A vender; a seller.

Vendue

VENDUE, noun [French vendu, sold.] Auction; a public sale of any thing by outcry, to the highest bidder.

Vendue-Master

VENDUE-M`ASTER, noun One who is authorized to make sale of any property to the highest bidder, by notification and public outcry; an auctioneer.

Veneer

VENEE'R, verb transitive [German furnieren. This word seems to be from the root of furnish, the primary sense of which is to put on.]

To inlay; to lay thin slices or leaves of fine wood of different kinds on a ground of common wood.

Veneer

VENEE'R, noun Thin slices of wood for inlaying.

Veneered

VENEE'RED, participle passive Inlaid; ornamented with marquetry.

Veneering

VENEE'RING, participle of the present tense Inlaying; adorning with inlaid work.

Veneering

VENEE'RING, noun The act or art of inlaying, of which there are two kinds; one, which is the most common, consists in making compartments of different woods; the other consists in making representations of flowers, birds and other figures. The first is more properly veneering; the last is marquetry.

Cyc.

Venefice

VEN'EFICE, noun [Latin veneficium.] The practice of poisoning. [Not in use.]

Veneficial

VENEFI'CIAL, or VENEFI'CIOUS, adjective [Latin veneficium.] Acting by poison; bewitching. [Little used.]

Brown.

Veneficiously

VENEFI'CIOUSLY, adverb By poison or witchcraft. [Little used.]

Brown.

Venemous

VEN'EMOUS. [See Venomous.]

Venenate

VEN'ENATE, verb transitive [Latin veneno; venenum, poison, Welsh gwenwyn; from raging.]

To poison; to infect with poison. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Venenation

VENENA'TION, noun The act of poisoning.

2. Poison; venom. [Not used.]

Brown.

Venene

VENE'NE, or VENE'NOSE, adjective [French veneneux.] Poisonous; venomous. [Not used.]

Harvey.

Venerability

VENERABIL'ITY, noun State or quality of being venerable. [Not used.]

More.

Venerable

VEN'ERABLE, adjective [French from Latin venerabilis, from veneror, to honor, to worship.]

1. Worthy of veneration or reverence; deserving of honor and respect; as a venerable magistrate; a venerable parent.

2. Rendered sacred by religious associations, or being consecrated to God and to his worship; to be regarded with awe and treated with reverence; as the venerable walls of a temple or church.

The places where saints have suffered for the testimony of ChristÃ‚--rendered venerable by their death.

Hooker.

Venerableness

VEN'ERABLENESS, noun The state or quality of being venerable.

South.

Venerably

VEN'ERABLY, adverb In a manner to excite reverence.

Ã‚--An awful pile! stands venerably great.

Addison.

Venerate

VEN'ERATE, verb transitive [French venerer; Latin veneror.] To regard with respect and reverence; to reverence; to revere. We venerate an old faithful magistrate; we venerate parents and elders; we venerate men consecrated to sacred offices. We venerate old age or gray hairs. We venerate, or ought to venerate, the gospel and its precepts.

And seem'd to venerate the sacred shade.

Dryden.

Venerated

VEN'ERATED, participle passive Reverenced; treated with honor and respect.

Venerating

VEN'ERATING, participle of the present tense Regarding with reverence.

Veneration

VENERA'TION, noun [French from Latin veneratio.]

The highest degree of respect and reverence; respect mingled with some degree of awe; a feeling or sentiment excited by the dignity and superiority of a person, or by the sacredness of his character, and with regard to place, by its consecration to sacred services.

We find a secret awe and veneration for one who moves above us in a regular and illustrious course of virtue.

Addison.

Venerator

VEN'ERATOR, noun One who venerates and reverences.

Venereal

VENE'REAL, adjective [Latin venereus, from Venus; Welsh Gwener, from gwen, white, fair. See Venus.]

1. Pertaining to the pleasures of sexual commerce. A venereal person is one addicted to sexual pleasures or venery.

Cyc.

2. Proceeding from sexual intercourse; as the venereal disease; venereal virus or poison.

3. Adapted to the cure of the lues venerea; as venereal medicines.

4. Adapted to excite venereal desire; aphrodisiac; provocative.

Cyc.

5. Consisting of copper, called by chimists formerly Venus. Obs.

Boyle.

Venerean

VENE'REAN, adjective Venereal. [Not used.]

Howell.

Venereous

VENE'REOUS, adjective [Latin venereus.] Lustful; libidinous.

Derham.

Venerous

VEN'EROUS, for venereous. [Not used.]

Venery

VEN'ERY, noun [from Venus.] The pleasures of the bed.

Contentment, without the pleasure of lawful venery, is continence; of unlawful, chastity.

Grew.

Venery

VEN'ERY, noun [French venerie; from Latin venor, to hunt, that is, to drive or rush.]

The act or exercise of hunting; the sports of the chase.

Beasts of venery and fishes.

Brown.

Venesection

VENESEC'TION, noun [Latin vena, vein, and sectio, a cutting.]

The act or operation of opening a vein for letting blood; blood-letting; phlebotomy.

Cyc. Wiseman.

Veney

VEN'EY, noun [French venez, from venir, to come.] A bout; a thrust; a hit; a turn at fencing.

Three veneys for a dish of stewed prunes. Obs.

Shak.

Venge

VENGE, v. t. venj. [French venger.] To avenge; to punish. [Not in use.] [See Avenge and Revenge.]

Shak.

Vengeable

VENGEABLE, a. venj'able. [from venge.] Revengeful; as vengeable despite. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Vengeance

VENGEANCE, n. venj'ance. [French from venger, to revenge, Latin vindico.]

The infliction of pain on another, in return for an injury or offense. Such infliction, when it proceeds from malice or mere resentment, and is not necessary for the purposes of justice, is revenge, and a most hainous crime. When such infliction proceeds from a mere love of justice, and the necessity of punishing offenders for the support of the laws, it is vengeance, and is warrantable and just. In this case, vengeance is a just retribution, recompense or punishment. In this latter sense the word is used in Scripture, and frequently applied to the punishments inflicted by God on sinners.

To me belongeth vengeance and recompense. Deuteronomy 32.

The Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries. Nahum 1.

With a vengeance, in familiar language, signifies with great violence or vehemence; as, to strike one with a vengeance.

Formerly, what a vengeance, was a phrase used for what emphatical.

But what a vengeance makes thee fly?

Hudibras.

Vengeful

VENGEFUL, a. venj'ful. Vindictive; retributive; as God's vengeful ire.

Milton.

2. Revengeful.

Vengement

VENGEMENT, n. venj'ment. Avengement; penal retribution. [Avengement is generally used.]

Venger

VENG'ER, noun An avenger. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Veniable

VE'NIABLE, adjective [See Venial.] Venial; pardonable. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Veniably

VE'NIABLY, adverb Pardonably; excusably. [Not used.]

Brown.

Venial

VE'NIAL, adjective [Italian veniale; Spanish venial; French veniel; from Latin venia, pardon, leave to depart, from the root of venio, and signifying literally a going or passing.]

1. That may be forgiven; pardonable; as a venial fault or transgression. The reformed churches hold all sins to be venial, through the merits of the Redeemer; but the most trifling sins not to be venial, except through the righteousness and atonement of Christ.

2. In familiar language, excusable; that may be allowed or permitted to pass without censure; as a venial slip or fault.

3. Allowed.

Permitting him the while

Venial discourse unblam'd.

Mitton.

Venialness

VE'NIALNESS, noun State of being excusable or pardonable.

Venire facias, or venire, in law, a writ or precept directed to the sherif, requiring him to summon twelve men, to try an issue between parties. It is also a writ in the nature of a summons to cause the party indicted on a penal statute, to appear.

Venison

VENISON, n. ven'izn, or ven'zn. [French venaison, from Latin venatio, a hunting, from venor, to hunt.]

The flesh of beasts of game, or of such wild animals as are taken in the chase. It is however, in the United States, applied exclusively to the flesh of the deer or cervine genus of animals.

Venom

VEN'OM, noun [French venin; Italian veneno; Latin venenum; Welsh gwenwyn. It appears by the Welsh word and its affinities, that the primary sense is raging, furious, and hence it is to be referred to the root of Latin venor, to hunt, to drive or chase; venio, to come. See Venus, &c.]

1. Poison; matter fatal or injurious to life. Venom is generally used to express noxious matter that is applied externally, or that is discharged from animals, as that of bites and stings of serpents, scorpions, &c.; and poison, to express substances taken into the stomach.

Cyc.

2. Spite; malice.

Venom

VEN'OM, verb transitive To poison; to infect with venom. [Little used, but envenom is in use and elegant. Venom may be elegantly used in poetry.]

Venomous

VEN'OMOUS, adjective Poisonous; noxious to animal life; as, the bite of a serpent may be venomous. The sack at the base of the rattlesnake's teeth, contains venomous matter.

2. Noxious; mischievous; malignant; as a venomous progeny.

Brown.

3. Spiteful; as a venomous writer.

Venomously

VEN'OMOUSLY, adverb Poisonously; malignantly; spitefully.

Dryden.

Venomousness

VEN'OMOUSNESS, noun Poisonousness; noxiousness to animal life.

2. Malignity; spitefulness.

Venous

VE'NOUS, adjective [Latin venosus, from vena, a vein.]

1. Pertaining to vein or to veins; contained in veins; as venous blood, which is distinguishable from arterial blood by its darker color.

2. In botany, veined. A venous leaf, has vessels branching, or variously divided, over its surface.

Martyn.

Vent

VENT, noun [French vente, Spanish venta; sale, from vendre, Spanish vender; from the root of Latin venio, wind, &c.; properly a passage.]

1. A small aperture; a hole or passage for air or other fluid to escape; as the vent of a cask.

2. The opening in a cannon or other piece of artillery, by which fire is communicated to the charge.

3. Passage from secrecy to notice; publication.

Wotton.

4. The act of opening.

Phillips.

5. Emission; passage; escape from confinement; as, his smothered passions urge for vent.

6. Discharge; utterance; means of discharge.

Had like grief been dew'd in tears,

Without the vent of wordsÃ‚--

Milton.

7. Sale; as the vent of a thousand copies of a treatise.

Pope.

8. Opportunity to sell; demand.

There is no vent for any commodity except wool.

Temple.

9. An inn; a baiting place. [Not in use.]

To give vent to, to suffer to escape; to let out; to pour forth.

Vent

VENT, verb transitive To let out at a small aperture.

2. To let out; to suffer to escape from confinement; to utter; to pour forth; as, to vent passion or complaint.

The queen of heav'n did thus her fury vent.

Dryden.

3. To utter; to report. [Not in use.]

Stephens.

4. To publish.

The sectators did greatly enrich their inventions by venting the stolen treasures of divine letters. [Not used.]

Raleigh.

5. To sell.

Therefore did those nations vent such spice. [Not in use.]

Raleigh.

[Instead of vent in the latter sense, we use vend.]

Vent

VENT, verb intransitive To snuff. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Ventage

VENT'AGE, noun A small hole. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Ventail

VENT'AIL, noun [French a folding door.] That part of a helmet made to be lifted up; the part intended for the admission of air, or for breathing.

Ventanna

VENTAN'NA, or VENTAN'A, noun [Spanish ventana.] A window. [Not English.]

Dryden.

Venter

VENT'ER, noun One who utters, reports or publishes.

Barrow.

Venter

VEN'TER, noun [Latin] In anatomy, the abdomen, or lower belly; formerly applied to any large cavity containing viscera, as the head, thorax and abdomen, called the three venters.

Parr.

2. The womb; and hence, mother. A has a son B by one venter, and a daughter C by another venter; children by different venters.

Law Language.

3. The belly of a muscle.

Ventiduct

VEN'TIDUCT, noun [Latin ventus, wind, and ductus, a canal; Italian ventidotti.]

In building, a passage for wind or air; a subterraneous passage or spiracle for ventilating apartments.

Cyc.

Ventilate

VEN'TILATE, verb transitive [Latin ventilo, from ventus, wind; French ventiler.]

1. To fan with wind; to open and expose to the free passage of air or wind; as, to ventilate a room; to ventilate a cellar.

2. To cause the air to pass through; as, to ventilate a mine.

3. To winnow; to fan; as, to ventilate wheat.

4. To examine; to discuss; that is, to agitate; as, to ventilate questions of policy. [Not now in use.]

Ventilated

VEN'TILATED, participle passive Exposed to the action of the air; fanned; winnowed; discussed.

Ventilating

VEN'TILATING, participle of the present tense Exposing to the action of wind; fanning; discussing.

Ventilation

VENTILA'TION, noun [French from Latin ventilatio.]

1. The act of ventilating; the act or operation of exposing to the free passage of air, or of causing the air to pass through any place, for the purpose of expelling impure air and dissipating any thing noxious.

2. The act of fanning or winnowing, for the purpose of separating chaff and dust.

3. Vent; utterance. [Not in use.]

Wotton.

4. Refrigeration. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Ventilator

VEN'TILATOR, noun An instrument or machine for expelling foul or stagnant air from any close place or apartment, and introducing that which is fresh and pure. Ventilators are of very different constructions and sizes.

Ventosity

VENTOS'ITY, noun [French ventositÃƒ-©; from Latin ventosus.] Windiness; flatulence.

Bacon.

Ventral

VEN'TRAL, adjective [from Latin venter, belly.] Belonging to the belly.

The ventral fins, in fishes, are placed between the anus and the throat.

Ed. Encyc.

Ventricle

VEN'TRICLE, noun [Latin ventriculus, from venter, belly.]

In a general sense, a small cavity in an animal body. It is applied to the stomach. It is also applied to two cavities of the heart, which propel the blood into the arteries. The word is also applied to cavities in different parts of the brain.

Cyc.

Ventricous

VEN'TRICOUS, adjective [Latin ventricosus, from venter, belly.]

In botany, bellied; distended; swelling out in the middle; as a ventricous perianth.

Martyn.

Ventriculous

VENTRIC'ULOUS, adjective [supra.] Somewhat distended in the middle.

Ventriloquism

VENTRIL'OQUISM, or VENTRIL'OQUY, noun [Latin venter, belly, and loquor, to speak.]

The act, art or practice of speaking in such a manner that the voice appears to come, not from the person, but from some distant place, as from the opposite side of the room, from the cellar, &c.

Ventriloquist

VENTRIL'OQUIST, noun One who speaks in such a manner that his voice appears to come from distant place.

The ancient ventriloquists, seemed to speak from their bellies.

Encyc.

Ventriloquous

VENTRIL'OQUOUS, adjective Speaking in such a manner as to make the sound appear to come from a place remote from the speaker.

Venture

VEN'TURE, noun [French aventure; Italian Spanish ventura; from Latin venio, ventus, venturus, to come.]

1. A hazard; an undertaking of chance or danger; the risking of something upon an event which cannot be foreseen with tolerable certainty.

I, in this venture, double gains pursue.

Dryden.

2. Chance; hap; contingency; luck; an event that is not or cannot be foreseen.

Bacon.

3. The thing put to hazard; particularly, something sent to sea in trade.

My ventures are not in one bottom trusted.

Shak.

At a venture, at hazard; without seeing the end or mark; or without foreseeing the issue.

A bargain at a venture made.

Hudibras.

A certain man drew a bow at a venture. 1 Kings 22.

Venture

VEN'TURE, verb intransitive To dare; to have courage or presumption to do, undertake or say. A man ventures to mount a ladder; he ventures into battle; he ventures to assert things which he does not know.

2. To run a hazard or risk.

Who freights a ship to venture on the seas.

Dryden.

To venture at, or To venture on or upon, to dare to engage in; to attempt without any certainty of success. It is rash to venture upon such a project.

And when I venture at the comic style.

Waller.

Venture

VEN'TURE, verb transitive To expose to hazard; to risk; as, to venture one's person in a balloon.

2. To put or send on a venture or chance; as, to venture a horse to the West Indies.

Ventured

VEN'TURED, participle passive Put to the hazard; risked.

Venturer

VEN'TURER, noun One who ventures or puts to hazards.

Venturesome

VEN'TURESOME, adjective Bold; daring; intrepid; as a venturesome boy.

Venturesomely

VEN'TURESOMELY, adverb In a bold, daring manner.

Venturing

VEN'TURING, participle of the present tense Putting to hazard; daring.

Venturing

VEN'TURING, noun The act of putting to risk; a hazarding.

Venturous

VEN'TUROUS, adjective Daring; bold; hardy; fearless; intrepid; adventurous; as a venturous soldier.

With vent'rous arm

He pluck'd, he tasted.

Milton.

Venturously

VEN'TUROUSLY, adverb Daringly; fearlessly; boldly.

Bacon.

Venturousness

VEN'TUROUSNESS, noun Boldness; hardiness; fearlessness; intrepidity. The event made them repent of their venturousness.

Venue

VEN'UE, or VISNE, noun [Latin vicinia; Norm. visne.] In law, a neighborhood or near place; the place where an action is laid. In certain cases, the court has power to change the venue.

Cyc.

The twelve men who are to try the cause, must be of the same venue where the demand is made.

Blackstone.

Venue

VEN'UE, noun A thrust. [See Veney.]

Venulite

VEN'ULITE, noun A petrified shell of the genus Venus.

Venus

VE'NUS, noun [Latin; Welsh Gwener, from gwen, white, fair, the feminine of gwyn, white, fair, that affords happiness; also gwyn, rage, violent impulse of the mind, lust, rage, violent impulse of the mind, lust, smart; gwynÃƒ-¢u, to whiten; gwynt, wind, Latin ventus; gwynawg, full of rage; gwent, an open country; gwenu, to smile; gwenwyn, poison, Latin venenum, venom; gwenwynaw, to poison, to fret or irritate. These affinities lead to the true origin of these words. The primary sense of the root is to shoot or rush, as light or wind. From light is derived the sense of white, fair, Venus, or it is from opening, parting; and from rushing, moving, comes wind, and the sense of raging, fury, whence Latin venenum, poison, that which frets or causes to rage. These words all coincide with Latin venio, which signifies to rush, to fall, to happen; venor, to hunt, &c. The Greeks had the same idea of the goddess of love, viz. that her name signified fairness, whiteness, and hence the fable that she sprung from froth, whence her Greek name, from, froth.]

1. In mythology, the goddess of beauty and love; that is, beauty or love deified; just as the Gaelic and Irish diana, swiftness, impetuosity, is denominated the goddess of hunting.

2. In astronomy, one of the inferior planets, whose orbit is between the earth and Mercury; a star of brilliant splendor.

3. In the old chimistry, a name given to copper.

Venusscomb

VENUS'SCOMB, noun A plant of the genus Scandix; shepherd's needle.

Lee.

Venusslooking-Glass

VENUS'SLOOKING-GLASS, noun A plant of the genus Campanula.

Venuss Navelwort

VENUS'S NAVELWORT, noun A plant of the genus Cynoglossum.

Venust

VENUST', adjective [Latin venustus.] Beautiful. [Not used.]

Veracious

VERA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin verax, from verus, true.]

1. Observant of truth; habitually disposed to speak truth.

2. True. [Little used.]

Pinkerton.

Veracity

VERAC'ITY, noun [Italian veracitÃƒ- ; from Latin verax, from verus, true.]

1. Habitual observance of truth, or habitual truth; as a man of veracity. His veracity is not called in question. The question of the court is, whether you know the witness to be a man of veracity. We rely on history, when we have confidence in the veracity and industry of the historian.

"The veracity of facts," is not correct language. Truth is applicable to men and to facts; veracity to men only, or to sentient beings.

2. Invariable expression of truth; as the veracity of our senses.

Kames.

Veranda

VERAN'DA, noun An oriental word denoting a kind of open portico, formed by extending a sloping roof beyond the main building.

Todd.

Veratria

VERA'TRIA, noun [Latin veratrum, hellebore.] A newly discovered vegetable alkali, extracted from the white hellebore.

Ure.

Verb

VERB, noun [Latin verbum; French verbe; Spanish Italian verbo; Irish fearb; probably from the root of Latin fero.]

1. In grammar, a part of speech that expresses action, motion, being, suffering, or a request or command to do or forbear any thing. The verb affirms, declares, asks or commands; as, I write; he runs; the river flows; they sleep; we see; they are deceived; depart; go; come; write; does he improve?

When the action expressed by a verb is exerted on an object, or terminates upon it, the act is considered as passing to that object, and the verb is called transitive; as, I read Livy. When the act expressed by the verb, terminates in the agent or subject, the verb is called intransitive; as, I run; I walk; I sleep.

When the agent and object change places, and the agent is considered as the instrument by which the object is affected, the verb is called passive; as, Goliath was slain by David.

2. A word.

South.

Verbal

VERB'AL, adjective [French; Latin verbalis.] Spoken; expressed to the ear in words; not written; as a verbal message; a verbal contract; verbal testimony.

2. Oral; uttered by the mouth.

Shak.

3. Consisting in mere words; as a verbal reward.

4. Respecting words only; as a verbal dispute.

5. Minutely exact in words, or attending to words only; as a verbal critic.

6. Literal; having word answering to word; as a verbal translation.

7. In grammar, derived from a verb; as a verbal noun.

8. Verbose; abounding with words. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Verbality

VERBAL'ITY, noun Mere words; bare literal expressions.

Brown.

Verbalize

VERB'ALIZE, verb transitive To convert into a verb.

Verbally

VERB'ALLY, adverb In words spoken; by words uttered; orally.

South.

2. Word for word; as, to translate verbally.

Dryden.

Verbatim

VERBA'TIM, adverb [Latin] Word for word; in the same words; as, to tell a story verbatim as another has related it.

Verberate

VERB'ERATE, verb transitive [Latin verbero.] To beat; to strike. [Not in use.]

Verberation

VERBERA'TION, noun A beating or striking; blows.

Arbuthnot.

2. The impulse of a body, which causes sound.

Cyc.

Verbiage

VERB'IAGE, noun [French] Verbosity; use of many words without necessity; superabundance of words.

Verbose

VERBO'SE, adjective [Latin verbosus.] Abounding in words; using or containing more words than are necessary; prolix; tedious by a multiplicity of words; as a verbose speaker; a verbose argument.

Verbosity

VERBOS'ITY, or VERBO'SENESS, noun Employment of a superabundance of words; the use of more words than are necessary; as the verbosity of a speaker.

2. Superabundance of words; prolixity; as the verbosity of a discourse or argument.

Verdancy

VER'DANCY, noun [See Verdant.] Greenness.

Norris.

Verdant

VER'DANT, adjective [French verdoyant; Latin viridans, from viridis, from vireo, to be green. The radical sense of the verb is to grow or advance with strength.]

1. Green; fresh; covered with growing plants or grass; as verdant fields; a verdant fields; a verdant lawn.

2. Flourishing.

Verderer

VER'DERER, or VER'DEROR, noun [French verdier, from verd, green; or Low Latin viridarius.]

An officer in England, who has the charge of the king's forest, to preserve the vert and vension, keep the assizes, view, receive and enroll attachments and presentments of all manner of trespasses.

Blackstone.

Verdict

VER'DICT, noun [Latin verum dictum, true declaration.]

1. The answer of a jury given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any cause, civil or criminal, committed to their trial and examination. In criminal causes, the jury decide the law as well as the fact. Verdicts are general or special; general, when they decide in general terms, or in the terms of the general issue, as no wrong, no disseisin; special, when the jury find and state the facts at large, and as to the law, pray the judgment of the court.

Blackstone.

2. Decision; judgment; opinion pronounced; as, to be condemned by the verdict of the public.

These enormites were condemned by the verdict of common humanity.

South.

Verdigris

VER'DIGRIS, noun [French verd and gris; greengray.]

Rust of copper, or an acetate of copper, formed by the combination of an acid with copper.

Ure.

Verditer

VER'DITER, noun [verde-terre, green earth; terre-verte.]

A preparation of copper sometimes used by painters, &c. for a blue, but more generally mixed with a yellow for a green color. It is a factitious substance or blue pigment, obtained by adding chalk or whiting to a solution of copper in nitric acid or aqua fortis.

Encyc. Ure.

Verdure

VER'DURE, noun [French; from Latin vireo.] Green; greenness; freshness of vegetation; as the verdure of the meadows in June; the verdure of spring.

Verdurous

VER'DUROUS, adjective Covered with green; clothed with the fresh color of vegetables; as verdurous pastures.

Philips.

Verecund

VER'ECUND, adjective [Latin verecundus.] Bashful; modest. [Not much used.]

Wotton.

Verecundity

VERECUND'ITY, noun Bashfulness; modesty; blushing. [Not in much use.]

Verge

VERGE, n. verj. [French; Italian verga, Latin virga, a rod, that is, a shoot.]

1. A rod, or something in the form of a rod or staff, carried as an emblem of authority; the mace of a dean.

Swift.

2. The stick or wand with which persons are admitted tenants, by holding it in the hand, and swearing fealty to the lord. On this account, such tenants are called tenants by the verge.

Cyc. England.

3. In law, the compass or extent of the king's court, within which is bounded the jurisdiction of the lord steward of the king's household; so called from the verge or staff which the marshal bears.

Cowel.

4. The extreme side or end of any thing which has some extent of length; the brink; edge; border; margin. [This seems to be immediately connected with the Latin vergo.]

5. Among gardeners, the edge or outside of a border; also, a slip of grass adjoining to gravel-walks, and dividing them from the borders in the parterre-garden.

Cyc.

6. A part of a time piece.

Verge

VERGE, verb intransitive [Latin vergo.] To tend downwards; to bend; to slope; as, a hill verges to the north.

2. To tend; to incline; to approach.

I find myself verging to that period of life which is to be labor and sorrow.

Swift.

Verger

VERG'ER, noun He that carries the mace before the bishop, dean, &c.

Farquhar. Cyc.

2. An officer who carries a white wand before the justices of either bench in England.

Cyc.

Verging

VERG'ING, participle of the present tense Bending or inclining; tending.

Vergouleuse

VER'GOULEUSE, noun A species of pear; contracted to vergaloo.

Veridical

VERID'ICAL, adjective [Latin veridicus; verus and dico.] Telling truth. [Not used.]

Verifiable

VER'IFIABLE, adjective [from verify.] That may be verified; that may be proved or confirmed by incontestable evidence.

South.

Verification

VERIFICA'TION, noun [French See Verify.] The act of verifying or proving to be true; the act of confirming or establishing the authenticity of any powers granted, or of any transaction, by legal or competent evidence.

Verified

VER'IFIED, participle passive Proved; confirmed by competent evidence.

Verifier

VER'IFIER, noun One that proves or makes appear to be true.

Verify

VER'IFY, verb transitive [French verifier; Latin verus, true, and facio, to make; Welsh gwir, pure, true, ether, purity; gwiraw, to verify.]

1. To prove to be true; to confirm.

This is verified by a number of examples.

Bacon.

2. To fulfill, as a promise; to confirm the truth of a prediction; to show to be true. The predictions of this venerable patriot have been verified. Genesis 42:1 Kings 8.

3. To confirm or establish the authenticity of any thing by examination or competent evidence. The first act of the house of representatives is to verify their powers, by exhibiting their credentials to a committee of the house, or other proper authority.

U. States.

Verifying

VER'IFYING, participle of the present tense Proving to be true; confirming; establishing as authentic.

Verily

VER'ILY, adverb [from very.] In truth; in fact; certainly.

2. Really; truly; with great confidence. It was verily thought the enterprise would succeed.

Verisimilar

VERISIM'ILAR, adjective [Latin verisimilis; verus, true, and similis, like.] Having the appearance of truth; probable; likely.

White.

Verisimilitude

VERISIMIL'ITUDE, noun [Latin verisimilitudo.] The appearance of truth; probability; likelihood.

Verisimilitude and opinion are an easy purchase; but true knowledge is dear and difficult.

Glanville.

Verisimility

VERISIMIL'ITY, for verisimilitude, is not in use.

Veritable

VER'ITABLE, adjective [French] True; agreeable to fact. [Little used.]

Shak.

Veritably

VER'ITABLY, adverb In a true manner. [Not in use.]

Verity

VER'ITY, noun [French veritÃƒ-©; Latin veritas, from verus, true; Welsh gwirez; Sanscrit wartha.]

1. Truth; consonance of a statement, proposition or other thing to fact. 1 Timothy 2.

It is a proposition of eternal verity, that none can govern while he is despised.

South.

2. A true assertion or tenet.

By this it seems to be a verity.

Davies.

3. Moral truth; agreement of the words with the thoughts.

Johnson.

Verjuice

VER'JUICE, noun [French verjus, that is, verd jus, the juice of green fruits.]

A liquor expressed from wild apples, sour grapes, &c. used in sauces, ragouts and the like. It is used also in the purification of wax for candles, in poultices, &c.

Cyc.

Vermeil

VERMEIL. [See Vermilion.]

Vermeologist

VERMEOL'OGIST, noun [infra.] One who treats of vermes.

Vermeology

VERMEOL'OGY, noun [Latin vermes, worms, and Greek, discourse.]

A discourse or treatise on vermes, or that part of natural history which treats of vermes. [Little used.]

Vermicelli

VERMICEL'LI, noun [Italian vermicello, a little worm. Latin vermiculus, from vermis, a worm.]

In cookery, little rolls or threads of paste, or a composition of flour, eggs, sugar and saffron; used in soups and pottages.

Vermicular

VERMIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin vermiculus, a little worm, from vermis, a worm.]

Pertaining to a worm; resembling a worm; particularly, resembling the motion of a worm; as the vermicular motion of the intestines, called also peristaltic.

Cyc.

Vermicular or vermiculated work, in sculpture, a sort of ornament consisting of frets or knots, in Mosaic pavements, winding and representing the tracks of worms.

Vermiculate

VERMIC'ULATE, verb transitive [Latin vermiculatus.] To inlay; to form work by inlaying, resembling the motion or the tracks of worms.

Vermiculated

VERMIC'ULATED, participle passive Formed in the likeness of the motion of a worm.

Vermiculating

VERMIC'ULATING, participle of the present tense Forming so as to resemble the motion of a worm.

Vermiculation

VERMICULA'TION, noun The act or operation of moving in the form of a worm; continuation of motion from one part to another, as in the peristaltic motion of the intestines.

Hale.

2. The act of forming so as to resemble the motion of a worm.

Vermicule

VERM'ICULE, noun [Latin vermiculus.] A little worm or grub.

Derham.

Vermiculous

VERMIC'ULOUS, adjective [Latin vermiculosus.] Full of worms or grubs.

2. Resembling worms.

Vermiform

VERM'IFORM, adjective [Latin vermis, a worm, and forma, form.]

Having the form or shape of a worm; as the vermiform process of the cerebellum.

Vermifuge

VERM'IFUGE, noun [Latin vermis, a worm, and fugo, to expel.]

A medicine or substance that destroys or expels worms from animal bodies; an anthelmintic.

Vermil

VER'MIL, or VERMILION, noun vermil'yon. [French vermeil, vermillon; Italian vermiglione; from Latin vermiculus, vermes; a name sometimes improperly given to the kermes. See Crimson.]

1. The cochineal, a small insect found on a particular plant. [Improper or obsolete.]

2. Red sulphuret of mercury; a bright, beautiful red color of two sorts, natural and artificial. The natural is found in silver mines, in the form of a ruddy sand, which is to be prepared by purification or washing, and then levigated with water on a stone. The factitious or common vermilion is made of artificial cinnabar, ground with white wine, and afterwards with the white of an egg.

3. Any beautiful red color. In blushing, the delicate cheek is covered with vermilion.

Vermilion

VERMILION, v. t. vermil'yon. To dye red; to cover with a delicate red.

Vermilioned

VERMIL'IONED, participle passive or adjective Dyed or tinged with a bright red.

Vermin

VERM'IN, n. sing. and plu.; used chiefly in the plural. [French Italian vermine; from Latin vermes, worms.]

1. All sorts of small animals which are destructive to grain or other produce; all noxious little animals or insects, as squirrels, rats, mice, worms, grubs, flies, &c.

These vermin do great injuries in the field.

Mortimer.

2. Used of noxious human beings in contempt; as base vermin.

Hudibras.

Verminate

VERM'INATE, verb intransitive [Latin vermino.] To breed vermin.

Vermination

VERMINA'TION, noun The breeding of vermin.

Derham.

2. A griping of the bowels.

Verminous

VERM'INOUS, adjective Tending to breed vermin.

The verminous disposition of the body.

Harvey.

Vermiparous

VERMIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin vermes, worms, and pario, to bear.] Producing worms.

Brown.

Vermivorous

VERMIV'OROUS, adjective [Latin vermes, worms, and voro, to devour.]

Devouring worms; feeding on worms. Vermivorous birds are very useful to the farmer.

Vernacular

VERNAC'ULAR, adjective [Latin vernaculus, born in one's house, from verna, a servant.]

1. Native; belonging to the country of one's birth. English is our vernacular language. The vernacular idiom is seldom perfectly acquired by foreigners.

2. Native; belonging to the person by birth or nature.

Milner.

A vernacular disease, is one which prevails in a particular country or district; more generally called endemic.

Vernaculous

VERNAC'ULOUS, adjective [supra.] Vernacular; also, scoffing. Obs.

Brown. Spenser.

Vernal

VER'NAL, adjective [Latin vernalis, from ver, spring.]

1. Belonging to the spring; appearing in spring; as vernal bloom.

Vernal flowers are preparatives to autumnal fruits.

Rambler.

2. Belonging to youth, the spring of life.

Vernal signs, the signs in which the sun appears in the spring.

Vernal equinox, the equinox in spring or March; opposed to the autumnal equinox, in September.

Vernant

VER'NANT, adjective [Latin vernans; verno, to flourish.] Flourishing, as in spring; as vernant flowers.

Milton.

Vernate

VER'NATE, verb intransitive To become young again. [Not in use.]

Vernation

VERNA'TION, noun [Latin verno.] In botany, the disposition of the nascent leaves within the bud. It is called also foliation or leafing.

Martyn.

Vernier

VER'NIER, noun [from the inventor.] A graduated index which subdivides the smallest divisions on a straight or circular scale.

Cyc.

Vernility

VERNIL'ITY, noun [Latin vernilis, from verna, a slave.] Servility; fawning behavior, like that of a slave. [Not in use.]

Bailey.

Veronica

VERON'ICA, noun [vera-icon, true image.]

1. A portrait or representation of the face of our Savior on handkerchiefs.

2. In botany, a genus of plants, Speedwell.

Verrucous

VER'RUCOUS, adjective [Latin verruca, a wart; verrucosus, full of warts.]

Warty; having little knobs or warts on the surface; as a verrucous capsule.

Martyn.

Versability

VERSABIL'ITY, or VERS'ABLENESS, noun [Latin versabilis, from versor, to turn.]

Aptness to be turned round. [Not used.]

Dict.

Versable

VERS'ABLE, adjective [supra.] That may be turned. [Not used.]

Versal

VERSAL, for universal. [Not used or very vulgar.]

Versatile

VERS'ATILE, adjective [Latin versatilis, from versor, to turn.]

1. That may be turned round; as a versatile boat or spindle.

Harte.

2. Liable to be turned in opinion; changeable; variable; unsteady; as a man of versatile disposition.

3. Turning with ease from one thing to another; readily applied to a new task, or to various subjects; as a man of versatile genius.

4. In botany, a versatile anther is one fixed by the middle on the point of the filament, and so poised as to turn like the needle of a compass; fixed by its side, but freely movable.

Lee. Martyn.

Versatility

VERSATIL'ITY, noun The quality of being versatile; aptness to change; readiness to be turned; variableness.

2. The faculty of easily turning one's mind to new tasks or subjects; as the versatility of genius.

Verse

VERSE, n. vers. [Latin versus; French vers; from Latin verto, to turn.]

1. In poetry, a line, consisting of a certain number of long and short syllables, disposed according to the rules of the species of poetry which the author intends to compose. Verses are of various kinds, as hexameter, pentameter, and tetrameter, &c. according to the number of feet in each. A verse of twelve syllables is called an

Alexandrian or Alexandrine. Two or more verses form a stanza or strophe.

2. Poetry; metrical language.

Virtue was taught in verse.

Prior.

Verse embalms virtue.

Donne.

3. A short division of any composition, particularly of the chapters in the Scriptures. The author of the division of the Old Testament into verses, is not ascertained. The New Testament was divided into verses by Robert Stephens.

4. A piece of poetry.

Pope.

5. A portion of an anthem to be performed by a single voice to each part.

6. In a song or ballad, a stanza is called a verse.

Blank verse, poetry in which the lines do not end in rhymes.

Heroic verse, usually consists of ten syllables, or in English, of five accented syllables, constituting five feet.

Verse

VERSE, verb transitive To tell in verse; to relate poetically.

Playing on pipes of corn, and versing love.

Shak.

To be versed, [Latin versor,] to be well skilled; to be acquainted with; as, to be versed in history or in geometry.

Verse-Man

VERSE-MAN, noun [verse and man.] A writer of verses; in ludicrous language.

Prior.

Verser

VERS'ER, noun A maker of verses; a versifier.

B. Jonson.

Versicle

VERS'ICLE, noun [Latin versiculus.] A little verse. [Not used.]

Versicolor

VERS'ICOLOR, or VERS'ICOLORED, adjective [Latin versicolor.] Having various colors; changeable in color.

Versicular

VERSIC'ULAR, adjective Pertaining to verses; designating distinct divisions of a writing.

Versification

VERSIFICA'TION, noun [French from versifier.] The act, art or practice of composing poetic verse. Versification is the result of art, labor and rule, rather than of invention or the fire of genius. It consists in adjusting the long and short syllables, and forming feet into harmonious measure.

Cyc.

Versificator

VERS'IFICATOR, noun A versifier. [Little used.] [See Versifier.]

Versified

VERS'IFIED, participle passive [from versify.] Formed into verse.

Versifier

VERS'IFIER, noun One who makes verses. Not every versifier is a poet.

2. One who converts into verse; or one who expresses the ideas of another, written in prose; as, Dr. Watts was a versifier of the Psalms.

Versify

VERS'IFY, verb intransitive To make verses.

I'll versify in spite, and do my best.

Dryden.

Versify

VERS'IFY, verb transitive To relate or describe in verse.

I'll versify the truth.

Daniel.

2. To turn into verse; as, to versify the Psalms.

Version

VER'SION, noun [French from Latin versio.] A turning; a change or transformation; as the version of air into water. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

2. Change of direction; as the version of the beams of light. [Unusual.]

Bacon.

3. The act of translating; the rendering of thoughts or ideas expressed in one language, into words of like signification in another language. How long was Pope engaged in the version of Homer?

4. Translation; that which is rendered from another language. We have a good version of the Scriptures. There is a good version of the Pentateuch in the Samaritan. The Septuagint version of the Old Testament was made for the benefit of the Jews in Alexandria.

Verst

VERST, noun A Russian measure of length, containing 1166 2/3 yards, or 3500 feet; about three quarters of an English mile.

Vert

VERT, noun [French verd, green, Latin viridis.] In the forest laws, every thing that grows and bears a green leaf within the forest. To preserve vert and vension, is the duty of the verderer.

England.

2. In heraldry, a green color.

Verteber

VERT'EBER, or VERT'EBRA, noun [Latin vertebra, from verto, to turn.] A joint of the spine or back-bone of an animal.

Vertebral

VERT'EBRAL, adjective Pertaining to the joints of the spine or back-bone.

2. Having a back-bone or spinal joints; as vertebral animals.

Vertebral

VERT'EBRAL, noun An animal of the class which have a back-bone.

Vertebrated

VERT'EBRATED, adjective [Latin vertebratus.] Having a back-bone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, as an animal; as man, quadrupeds, fowls, amphibia, and fishes.

Cuvier.

Vertex

VERT'EX, noun [Latin from verto, to turn; primarily a round point.]

1. The crown or top of the head.

Coxe.

2. The top of a hill or other thing; the point of a cone, pyramid, angle or figure; the pole of a glass, in optics. The vertex of a curve, is the point from which the diameter is drawn, or the intersection of the diameter and the curve.

3. In astronomy, the zenith; the point of the heavens perpendicularly over the head.

Cyc.

Vertical

VERT'ICAL, adjective [French from Latin vertex.]

1. Placed or being in the zenith, or perpendicularly over the head. The sun is vertical to the inhabitants within the tropics at certain times every year.

2. Being in a position perpendicular to the plane of the horizon.

Vertical leaves, in botany, are such as stand so erect, that neither of the surfaces can be called the upper or under.

Vertical anthers, are such as terminate the filaments, and being inserted by their base, stand no less upright than the filaments themselves.

Cyc.

Vertical circle, in astronomy, a great circle passing through the zenith and the nadir. The meridian of any place is a vertical circle. The vertical circles are called azimuths.

Cyc.

Vertical line, in conics, is a right line drawn on the vertical plane, and passing through the vertex of the cone.

Cyc.

Vertical plane, in conics, is a plane passing through the vertex of a cone, and through its axis.

Prime vertical, a great circle of the sphere, perpendicular to the horizon, and passing through the zenith and the east and west points.

Vertically

VERT'ICALLY, adverb In the zenith.

Verticalness

VERT'ICALNESS, noun The state of being in the zenith, or perpendicularly over the head. [Verticality is not used.]

Verticil

VERT'ICIL, noun [Latin verticillus, from vertex, supra.]

In botany, a little whirl; a mode of inflorescence, in which the flowers surround the stem in a kind of ring.

Cyc.

Verticillate

VERTIC'ILLATE, adjective [supra.] In botany, verticillate flowers are such as grow in a whirl, or round the stem in rings, one above another, at each joint. The term is also applied in this sense to leaves and branches. Verticillate plants are such as bear whirled flowers.

Martyn. Lee.

Verticity

VERTIC'ITY, noun [from vertex, supra.] The power of turning; revolution; rotation.

Locke.

2. That property of the lodestone by which it turns to some particular point.

The attraction of the magnet was known long before its verticity.

Cyc.

Vertiginous

VERTIG'INOUS, adjective [Latin vertiginosus.]

1. Turning round; whirling; rotary; as a vertiginous motion.

Bentley.

2. Giddy; affected with vertigo.

Woodward.

Vertiginousness

VERTIG'INOUSNESS, noun Giddiness; a whirling; or sense of whirling; unsteadiness.

Taylor.

Vertigo

VERT'IGO, noun [Latin from verto, to turn.] Giddiness; dizziness or swimming of the head; an affection of the head, in which objects appear to move in various directions, though stationary, and the person affected finds it difficult to maintain an erect posture.

Cyc.

Vervain

VER'VAIN, noun A plant of the genus Verbena, or rather the genus so called.

Vervain-Mallow

VERVAIN-MALLOW, noun A species of mallow, the Malva alcea.

Cyc.

Vervels

VER'VELS, noun [French vervelle.] Labels tied to a hawk.

Ainsworth.

Very

VER'Y, adjective [French vrai; Latin verus.] True; real.

Whether thou be my very son Esau or not. Genesis 27.

He that repeateth a matter, separateth very friends. Proverbs 17.

So we say, in very deed, in the very heavens, this is the very man we want. In these phrases, very is emphatical; but its signification is true, real.

Very

VER'Y, adverb As an adverb, or modifier of adjectives and adverbs, very denotes in a great degree, an eminent or high degree, but not generally the highest; as a very great mountain; a very bright sun; a very cold day; a very pernicious war; a very benevolent disposition; the river flows very rapidly.

Vesicant

VES'ICANT, noun [infra.] A blistering application; an epispastic.

Bigelow.

Vesicate

VES'ICATE, verb transitive [Latin vesica, a little bladder, Greek, from, to inflate.]

To blister; to raise little bladders, or separate the cuticle by inflaming the skin. Celsus recommends to vesicate the external parts of wounds.

Wiseman.

Vesicated

VES'ICATED, participle passive Blistered.

Vesicating

VES'ICATING, participle of the present tense Blistering.

Vesication

VESICATION, noun The process of raising blisters or little cuticular bladders on the skin.

Vesicatory

VES'ICATORY, noun [French vesicatoire.] A blistering application or plaster; an epispastic. Vesicatories made of cantharides, are more powerful than sinapisms, or preparations of mustard.

Vesicle

VES'ICLE, noun [Latin vesicula. See Vesicate.]

1. A little bladder, or a portion of the cuticle separated from the skin and filled with some humor.

2. Any small membranous cavity in animals or vegetables. The lungs consist of vesicles admitting air.

Ray. Cyc.

Vesicular

VESIC'ULAR, or VESIC'ULOUS, adjective Pertaining to vesicles; consisting of vesicles.

2. Hollow; full of interstices.

Cheyne.

3. Having little bladders or glands on the surface, as the leaf of a plant.

Vesiculate

VESIC'ULATE, adjective Bladdery; full of bladders.

Vesper

VES'PER, noun [Latin This word and Hesperus are probably of one origin, and both from the root of west.]

1. The evening star; Venus; also, the evening.

2. Vespers, in the plural, the evening song or evening service in the Romish church.

Sicilian vespers, the era of the general massacre of the French in Sicily, on Easter evening, 1282, at the toll of the bell for vespers.

Vespertine

VES'PERTINE, adjective [Latin vespertinus. See Vesper.]

Pertaining to the evening; happening or being in the evening.

Vessel

VES'SEL, noun [Italian vasello, from vaso, a vase or vessel; French vaisseau; Spanish vasija; from Latin vas, vasis. This word is probably the English vat, in a different dialect; German fass, a vat; gefÃƒ-¤ss, a vessel; fassen, to hold; allied probably to fast, fasten. The Spanish vasija is from the Latin; but the Spanish has also baxel, a general name of all floating buildings; probably of Celtic origin.]

1. A cask or utensil proper for holding liquors and other things, as a tun, a pipe, a puncheon, a hogshead, a barrel, a firkin, a bottle, a kettle, a cup, a dish, &c.

2. In anatomy, any tube or canal, in which the blood and other humors are contained, secreted or circulated, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, spermatics, &c.

Cyc.

3. In the physiology of plants, a canal or tube of very small bore, in which the sap is contained and conveyed; also, a bag or utricle, filled with pulp, and serving as a reservoir for sap; also, a spiral canal, usually of a larger bore, for receiving and distributing air.

Martyn. Grew.

4. Any building used in navigation, which carries masts and sails, from the largest ship of war down to a fishing sloop. In general however, vessel is used for the smaller ships, brigs, sloops, schooners, luggers, scows, &c.

Mar. Dict.

5. Something containing.

Milton.

Vessels of wrath, in Scripture, are such persons as are to receive the full effects of God's wrath and indignation, as a punishment for their sins.

Vessels of mercy, are persons who are to receive the effects of God's mercy, or future happiness and glory.

Chosen vessels, ministers of the gospel, as appointed to bear the glad news of salvation to others; called also earthern vessels, on account of their weakness and frailty.

Vessel

VES'SEL, verb transitive To put into a vessel. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Vessets

VES'SETS, noun A kind of cloth. Qu.

Vessicon

VES'SICON, or VES'SIGON, noun [Latin vesica.] A soft swelling on a horse's leg, called a windgall.

Cyc.

Vest

VEST, noun [French veste; Italian vesta; Latin vestis, a coat or garment; vestio, to cover or clothe, Gothic vestyan; Welsh gwisg.]

1. An outer garment.

Over his lucid arms

A military vest of purple flow'd.

Milton.

2. In common speech, a man's under garment; a short garment covering the body, but without sleeves, worn under the coat; called also waistcoat.

Vest

VEST, verb transitive To clothe; to cover, surround or encompass closely.

With ether vested and a purple sky.

Dryden.

2. To dress; to clothe with a long garment; as the vested priest.

Milton.

To vest with, to clothe; to furnish with; to invest with; as, to vest a man with authority; to vest a court with power to try cases of life and death; to vest one with the right of seizing slave-ships.

Had I been vested with the monarch's pow'r.

Prior.

To vest in, to put in possession of; to furnish with; to clothe with. The supreme executive power in England is vested in the king; in the United States, it is vested in the president.

2. To clothe with another form; to convert into another substance or species of property; as, to vest money in goods; to vest money in land or houses; to vest money in bank stock, or in six per cent. stock; to vest all one's property in the public funds.

Vest

VEST, verb intransitive To come or descend to; to be fixed; to take effect, as a title or right. Upon the death of the ancestor, the estate, or the right to the estate, vests in the heir at law.

Vestal

VEST'AL, adjective [Latin vestalis, from Vesta, the goddess of fire, Greek.]

1. Pertaining to Vesta, the goddess of fire among the Romans, and a virgin.

2. Pure; chaste.

Shak.

Vestal

VEST'AL, noun A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the service of watching the sacred fire, which was to be perpetually kept burning upon her altar. The Vestals were six in number, and they made a vow of perpetual virginity.

Vested

VEST'ED, participle passive Clothed; covered; closely encompassed.

2. adjective Fixed; not in a state of contingency or suspension; as vested rights.

Vested legacy, in law, a legacy the right to which commences in presenti, and does not depend on a contingency, as a legacy to one, to be paid when he attains to twenty one years of age. This is a vested legacy, and if the legatee dies before the testator, his representative shall receive it.

Blackstone.

Vested remainder, is where the estate is invariably fixed, to remain to a determinate person, after the particular estate is spent. This is called a remainder executed, by which a present interest passes to the party, though to be enjoyed in future.

Blackstone.

Vestibule

VES'TIBULE, noun [French; Latin vestibulum.]

1. The porch or entrance into a house, or a large open space before the door, but covered.

Vestibules for magnificence are usually between the court and garden.

2. A little antechamber before the entrance of an ordinary apartment.

3. An apartment in large buildings, which presents itself into a hall or suit of rooms or offices. An area in which a magnificent staircase is carried up is sometimes called a vestibule.

4. In anatomy, a cavity belonging to the labyrinth of the ear.

Cyc.

Vestige

VES'TIGE, noun [French; Latin vestigium. This word and vestibule, show that some verb signifying to tread, from which they are derived, is lost.]

A track or footstep; the mark of the foot left on the earth; but mostly used for the mark or remains of something else; as the vestiges of ancient magnificence in Palmyra; vestiges of former population.

Vesting

VEST'ING, participle of the present tense [from vest.] Clothing; covering; closely encompassing; descending to and becoming permanent, as a right or title; converting into other species of property, as money.

Vesting

VEST'ING, noun Cloth for vests; vest patterns.

U. States.

Vestment

VEST'MENT, noun [Latin vestimentum, from vestio, to clothe; French vÃƒ-ªtement.]

A garment; some part of clothing or dress; especially some part of outer clothing; but it is not restricted to any particular garment.

The sculptor could not give vestments suitable to the quality of the persons represented.

Dryden.

Vestry

VEST'RY, noun [Latin vestiarium; French vestiaire.]

1. A room appendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments and sacred utensils are kept, and where parochial meetings are held.

2. A parochial assembly, so called because held in the vestry.

The council are chosen by the vestry.

Clarendon.

Vestry-Clerk

VEST'RY-CLERK, noun [vestry and clerk.] An officer chosen by the vestry, who keeps the parish accounts and books.

Cyc.

Vestry-Man

VEST'RY-MAN, noun [vestry and man.] In London, vestry-men are a select number of principal persons of every parish, who choose parish officers and take care of its concerns.

Cyc.

Vesture

VEST'URE, noun [French vÃƒ-ªture. See Vest.] A garment; a robe.

There polish'd chests embroider'd vesture grac'd.

Pope.

2. Dress; garments in general; habit; clothing; vestment; as the vesture of priests.

3. Clothing; covering.

Rocks, precipices and gulfs appareled with a vesture of plants.

Bentley.

Ã‚--And gild the humble vestures of the plain.

Trumbull.

4. In old law books, the corn with which land was covered; as the vesture of an acre.

5. In old books, seisin; possession. Obs.

Vesuvian

VESU'VIAN, adjective Pertaining to Vesuvius, a volcano near Naples.

Vesuvian

VESU'VIAN, noun In mineralogy, a subspecies of pyramidical garnet, a mineral found in the vicinity of Vesuvius, classed with the family of garnets; called by HaÃƒ-¼y idocrase. It is generally crystalized in four sided prisms, the edges of which are truncated, forming prisms of eight, fourteen or sixteen sides. It sometimes occurs massive. It is composed chiefly of silex, lime and alumin, with a portion of oxyd of iron, and oxyd of manganese.

Dict. Ure.

Vetch

VETCH, noun [French vesce; Italian veccia; Latin vicia; Spanish veza; Dutch wik, wikke, vetch, and a weight; wikken, to weigh; German wicke, a vetch; wickel, a roller; wichtig, weighty; wickeln, to wind up. We see vetch is from the root of weigh, wag, wiggle, and signifies a little roller.]

A plant of the leguminous kind, with papilionaceous flowers, of the genus Vicia. It is a common name of most species of the genus. The name is also applied, with various epithets, to many other leguminous plants of different genera; as the chichling vetch, of the genus Lathyrus; the horseshoe vetch, of the genus Hippocrepis; the milk vetch, of the genus Astragalus, &c.

Lee.

Vetchling

VETCH'LING, noun [from vetch.] In botany, a name of the Lathyrus aphaca, expressive of its diminutive size. The meadow vetchling is a wild plant common in meadows, which makes good hay.

Vetchy

VETCH'Y, adjective Consisting of vetches or of pea straw; as a vetchy bed.

Spenser.

2. Abounding with vetches.

Veteran

VET'ERAN, adjective [Latin veteranus, from vetero, to grow old, from vetus, old.]

Having been long exercised in any thing; long practiced or experienced; as a veteran officer or soldier; veteran skill.

Thomson.

Veteran

VET'ERAN, noun One who has been long exercised in any service or art, particularly in war; one who has grown old in service and has had much experience.

Ensigns that pierc'd the foe's remotest lines,

The hardy veteran with tears resigns.

Addison.

Veterinarian

VETERINA'RIAN, noun [Latin veterinarius.] One skilled in the diseases of cattle or domestic animals.

Brown.

Veterinary

VET'ERINARY, adjective [supra.] Pertaining to the art of healing or treating the diseases of domestic animals, as oxen, horses, sheep, &c. A veterinary college was established in England in 1792, at St. Pancras, in the vicinity of London. The improvement of the veterinary art is of great importance to the agricultural interest.

Veto

VE'TO, noun [Latin veto, I forbid.] A forbidding; prohibition; or the right of forbidding; applied to the right of a king or other magistrate or officer to withhold his assent to the enactment of a law, or the passing of a decree. Thus the king of Great Britain has a veto upon every act of parliament; he sometimes prevents the passing of a law by his veto.

Vex

VEX, verb transitive [Latin vexo; French vexer; Italian vessare; Spanish vexar.]

1. To irritate; to make angry by little provocations; a popular use of the word.

2. To plague; to torment; to harass; to afflict.

Ten thousand torments vex my heart.

Prior.

3. To disturb; to disquiet; to agitate.

White curl the waves, and the vex'd ocean roars.

Pope.

4. To trouble; to distress.

I will also vex the hearts of many people. Ezekiel 32.

5. To persecute. Acts 12.

6. To stretch, as by hooks. [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Vex

VEX, verb intransitive To fret; to be teased or irritated.

Chapman.

Vexation

VEXA'TION, noun [French from Latin vexatio.] The act of irritating, or of troubling, disquieting and harassing.

2. State of being irritated or disturbed in mind.

3. Disquiet; agitation; great uneasiness.

Passions too violentÃ‚--afford us vexation and pain.

Temple.

4. The cause of trouble or disquiet.

Your children were vexation to your youth.

Shak.

5. Afflictions; great troubles; severe judgments.

The Lord shall send on thee cursing, vexation and rebuke. Deuteronomy 28.

6. A harassing by law.

Bacon.

7. A slight teasing trouble.

Vexatious

VEXA'TIOUS, adjective Irritating; disturbing or agitating to the mind; causing disquiet; afflictive; as a vexatious controversy; a vexatious neighbor.

2. Distressing; harassing; as vexatious wars.

South.

3. Full of trouble and disquiet.

He leads a vexatious life.

Digby.

4. Teasing; slightly troublesome; provoking.

A vexatious suit, in law, is one commenced for the purpose of giving trouble, or without cause.

Vexatiously

VEXA'TIOUSLY, adverb In a manner to give great trouble or disquiet.

Vexatiousness

VEXA'TIOUSNESS, noun The quality of giving great trouble and disquiet, or of teasing and provoking.

Vexed

VEX'ED, participle passive Teased; provoked; irritated; troubled; agitated; disquieted; afflicted.

Vexer

VEX'ER, noun One who vexes, irritates or troubles.

Vexil

VEX'IL, noun [Latin vexillum, a standard.] A flag or standard. In botany, the upper petal of a papilionaceous flower.

Martyn.

Vexillary

VEX'ILLARY, noun A standard bearer.

Vexillary

VEX'ILLARY, adjective Pertaining to an ensign or standard.

Vexillation

VEXILLA'TION, noun [Latin vexillatio.] A company of troops under one ensign.

Vexing

VEX'ING, participle of the present tense Provoking; irritating; afflicting.

Vexingly

VEX'INGLY, adverb So as to vex, tease or irritate.

Tatler.

Vial

VI'AL, noun [French viole; Greek; Latin phiala.] A phial; a small bottle of thin glass, used particularly by apothecaries and druggists.

Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it on his head. 1 Samuel 10.

Vials of God's wrath, in Scripture, are the execution of his wrath upon the wicked for their sins. Revelation 16.

Vial

VI'AL, verb transitive To put in a vial.

Milton.

Viand

VI'AND, noun [French viande; from Italian vivanda; Latin vivendus, vivo, to live.] Meat dressed; food.

Viands of various kinds allure the taste.

Pope.

[It is used chiefly in the plural.]

Viatic

VIAT'IC, adjective [Latin viaticum, from via, way.] Pertaining to a journey or to traveling.

Viaticum

VIAT'ICUM, noun [Latin supra.] Provisions for a journey.

2. Among the ancient Romans, an allowance to officers who were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or perform any service, also to the officers and soldiers of the army.

Cyc.

3. In the Romish church, the communion or eucharist given to persons in their last moments.

Vibrant

VI'BRANT, or VIB'RION, noun [Latin vibrans.] A name given to the ichneumon fly, from the continual vibration of its antennae.

Cyc.

Vibrate

VI'BRATE, verb intransitive [Latin vibro; Italian vibrare. This word belongs to the root of wabble; Welsh gwibiaw, to wander, to move in a circular or serpentine direction.]

1. To swing; to oscillate; to move one way and the other; to play to and fro; as, the pendulum of a clock vibrates more or less rapidly, as it is shorter or longer. The chords of an instrument vibrate when touched.

2. To quiver; as, a whisper vibrates on the ear.

Pope.

3. To pass from one state to another; as, a man vibrates from one opinion to another.

Vibrate

VI'BRATE, verb transitive To brandish; to move to and fro; to swing; as, to vibrate a sword or staff. The pendulum of a clock vibrates seconds.

2. To cause to quiver.

Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, may differently affect the lips, and impress a swift tremulous motion.

Holder.

Vibrated

VI'BRATED, participle passive Brandished; moved one way and the other.

Vibratility

VIBRATIL'ITY, noun Disposition to preternatural vibration or motion. [Not much used.]

Rush.

Vibrating

VI'BRATING, participle of the present tense Brandishing; moving to and fro, as a pendulum or musical chord.

Vibration

VIBRA'TION, noun [French from Latin vibro.] The act of brandishing; the act of moving or state of being moved one way and the other in quick succession.

2. In mechanics, a regular reciprocal motion of a body suspended; a motion consisting of continual reciprocations or returns; as of the pendulum of a chronometer. This is frequently called oscillation. The number of vibrations in a given time depends on the length of the vibrating body; a pendulum three feet long, makes only ten vibrations while one of nine inches makes twenty. The vibrations of a pendulum are somewhat slower at or near the equator than in remote latitudes. The vibrations of a pendulum are isochronal in the same climate.

Cyc.

3. In physics, alternate or reciprocal motion; as the vibrations of the nervous fluid, by which sensation has been supposed to be produced, by impressions of external objects propagated thus to the brain.

Cyc.

4. In music, the motion of a chord, or the undulation of any body, by which sound is produced. The acuteness, elevation and gravity of sound, depend on the length of the chord and its tension.

Vibratiuncle

VIBRAT'IUNCLE, noun A small vibration.

Chambers. Cyc.

Vibrative

VI'BRATIVE, adjective That vibrates.

Newton.

Vibratory

VI'BRATORY, adjective Vibrating; consisting in vibration or oscillation; as a vibratory motion.

2. Causing to vibrate.

Vicar

VIC'AR, noun [French vicaire; Italian vicario; Latin vicarius, from vicis, a turn, or its root.]

1. In a general sense, a person deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a substitute in office. The pope pretends to be vicar of Jesus Christ on earth. He has under him a grand vicar, who is a cardinal, and whose jurisdiction extends over all priests, regular and secular.

2. In the canon law, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of which are impropriated or appropriated, that is, belong to a chapter or religious house, or to a layman, who receives them, and only allows the vicar the smaller tithes or a salary.

Cyc.

Apostolical vicars, are those who perform the functions of the pope in churches or provinces committed to their direction.

Cyc.

Vicarage

VIC'ARAGE, noun The benefice of a vicar. A vicarage by endowment, becomes a benefice distinct from the parsonage.

Cyc.

Vicar-General

VICAR-GEN'ERAL, noun A title given by Henry VIII. to the earl of Essex, with power to oversee all the clergy, and regulate all church affairs. It is now the title of an office, which, as well as that of official principal, is united in the chancellor of the diocese. The business of the vicargeneral is to exercise jurisdiction over matters purely spiritual.

Cyc.

Vicarial

VICA'RIAL, adjective [from vicar.] Pertaining to a vicar; small; as vicarial tithes.

Vicariate

VICA'RIATE, adjective Having delegated power, as vicar.

Barrow.

Vicariate

VICA'RIATE, noun A delegated office or power.

Lord North.

Vicarious

VICA'RIOUS, adjective [Latin vicarius.] Deputed; delegated; as vicarious power or authority.

2. Acting for another; filling the place of another; as a vicarious agent or officer.

3. Substituted in the place of another; as a vicarious sacrifice. The doctrine of vicarious punishment has occasioned much controversy.

Vicariously

VICA'RIOUSLY, adverb In the place of another; by substitution.

Burke.

Vicarship

VIC'ARSHIP, noun The office of a vicar; the ministry of a vicar.

Vice

VICE, noun [French vice; Italian vizio; Spanish vicio; Latin vitium; Welsh gwyd.]

1. Properly, a spot or defect; a fault; a blemish; as the vices of a political constitution.

Madison.

2. In ethics, any voluntary action or course of conduct which deviates from the rules of moral rectitude, or from the plain rules of propriety; any moral unfitness of conduct, either from defect of duty, or from the transgression of known principles of rectitude. Vice differs from crime, in being less enormous. We never call murder or robbery a vice; but every act of intemperance, all falsehood, duplicity, deception, lewdness and the like, is a vice. The excessive indulgence of passions and appetites which in themselves are innocent, is a vice. The smoking of tobacco and the taking of snuff, may in certain cases be innocent and even useful, but these practices may be carried to such an excess as to become vices. This word is also used to denote a habit of transgressing; as a life of vice. Vice is rarely a solitary invader; it usually brings with it a frightful train of followers.

3. Depravity or corruption of manners; as an age of vice.

When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway,

The post of honor is a private station.

Addison.

4. A fault or bad trick in a horse.

5. The fool or punchinello of old shows.

His face made of brass, like a vice in a game.

Tusser.

6. An iron press. [This should be written vise.]

7. A gripe or grasp. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Vice

VICE, verb transitive To draw by a kind of violence. [Not in use.] [See Vise.]

Shak.

Vice

VICE, Latin vice, in the turn or place, is used in composition to denote one qui vicem gerit, who acts in the place of another, or is second in authority.

Vice-Admiral

VICE-AD'MIRAL, noun In the navy, the second officer in command. His flag is displayed at the fore top-gallant-mast head.

Mar. Dict.

2. A civil officer in Great Britain, appointed by the lords commissioners of the admiralty, for exercising admiralty jurisdiction within their respective districts.

Vice-Admiralty

VICE-AD'MIRALTY, noun The office of a vice-admiralty; a vice-admiralty court.

Vice-Agent

VICE-A'GENT, noun [vice and agent.] One who acts in the place of another.

Hooker.

Vice-Chamberlain

VICE-CH`AMBERLAIN, or VICE-CHAMBERLAIN, noun An officer in court, next in command to the lord chamberlain.

England.

Vice-Chancellor

VICE-CH`ANCELLOR, noun An officer in a university in England, a distinguished member, who is annually elected to manage the affairs in the absence of the chancellor.

Cyc.

Vice-Consul

VICE-CONSUL, noun One who acts in the place of a consul.

Viced

VI'CED, adjective Vitious; corrupt. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Vice-Doge

VICE-DO'GE, noun A counsellor at Venice, who represents the doge when sick or absent.

Cyc.

Vicegerency

VICEGE'RENCY, noun [See Vicegerent.] The office of a vicegerent; agency under another; deputed power; lieutenancy.

South.

Vicegerent

VICEGE'RENT, noun [Latin vicem gerens, acting in the place of another.]

A lieutenant; a vicar; an officer who is deputed by a superior or by proper authority to exercise the powers of another. Kings are sometimes called God's vicegerents. It is to be wished they would always deserve the appellation.

Vicegerent

VICEGE'RENT, adjective Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another.

Milton.

Vice-Legate

VICE-LEG'ATE, noun An officer employed by the pope to perform the office of spiritual and temporal governor in certain cities, when there is no legate or cardinal to command there.

Cyc.

Vicenary

VIC'ENARY, adjective [Latin vicenarius.] Belonging to twenty.

Vice-President

VICE-PRES'IDENT, n. s as z. An officer next in rank below a president.

U. States.

Viceroy

VI'CEROY, noun [French viceroi.] The governor of a kingdom or country, who rules in the name of the king with regal authority, as the king's substitute.

Swift.

Viceroyalty

VICEROY'ALTY, noun The dignity, office or jurisdiction of a viceroy.

Viceroyship

VI'CEROYSHIP, noun The dignity, office or jurisdiction of a viceroy.

Vicety

VI'CETY, noun Nicety; exactness. [Not in use; probably a mistake.]

B. Jonson.

Viciate

VI'CIATE, verb transitive [Latin vitio. This verb is usually written vitiate; but as vice, from Latin vitium, is established, it would be well to write the verb viciate, as we write appreciate and depreciate, from Latin pretium.]

1. To injure the substance or properties of a thing so as to impair its value, and lessen or destroy its use; to make less pure, or wholly impure; to deprave, in a physical or moral sense; as, to viciate the blood; to viciate taste or style; to viciate morals.

2. To render defective and thus destroy the validity of; to invalidate by defect; as, to viciate a deed or bond.

Viciated

VI'CIATED, participle passive Depraved; impaired in substance or quality; rendered defective and void.

Viciating

VI'CIATING, participle of the present tense Injuring in substance or properties; rendering defective; making void.

Viciation

VICIA'TION, noun Depravation; corruption.

Vicinage

VIC'INAGE, noun [from Latin vicinia, neighborhood; vicinus, near.]

Neighborhood; the place or places adjoining or near. A jury must be of the vicinage, or body of the county.

In law, common because of vicinage, is where the inhabitants of two townships contiguous to each other, have usually intercommoned with one another; the beasts of one straying into the other's fields without molestation from either.

Blackstone.

Vicinal

VIC'INAL, or VIC'INE, adjective Near; neighboring. [Little used.]

Glanville.

Vicinity

VICIN'ITY, noun [Latin vicinitas.] Nearness in place; as the vicinity of two country seats.

2. Neighborhood; as a seat in the vicinity of the metropolis.

3. Neighboring country. Vegetables produced in the vicinity of the city, are daily brought to market. The vicinity is full of gardens.

Viciosity

VICIOS'ITY, noun Depravity; corruption of manners. [But viciousness is generally used.]

Vicious

VI'CIOUS, adjective [French vicieux; Latin vitiosus.]

1. Defective; imperfect; as a system of government vicious and unsound.

Harte.

2. Addicted to vice; corrupt in principles or conduct; depraved; wicked; habitually transgressing the moral law; as a vicious race of men; vicious parents; vicious children.

3. Corrupt; contrary to moral principles or to rectitude; as vicious examples; vicious conduct.

4. Corrupt, in a physical sense; foul; impure; insalubrious; as vicious air.

5. Corrupt; not genuine or pure; as vicious language; vicious idioms.

6. Unruly; refractory; not well tamed or broken; as a vicious horse.

N. Eng.

Viciously

VI'CIOUSLY, adverb Corruptly; in a manner contrary to rectitude, moral principles, propriety or purity.

2. Faultily; not correctly.

Burnet.

Viciousness

VI'CIOUSNESS, noun Addictedness to vice; corruptness of moral principles or practice; habitual violation of the moral law, or of moral duties; depravity in principles or in manners.

What makes a governor justly despised, is viciousness and ill morals.

South.

2. Unruliness; refractoriness; as of a beast.

N. England.

Vicissitude

VICIS'SITUDE, noun [Latin vicissitudo; from vicis, a turn.]

1. Regular change or succession of one thing to another; as the vicissitudes of day and night, and of winter and summer; the vicissitudes of the seasons.

2. Change; revolution; as in human affairs. We are exposed to continual vicissitudes of fortune.

Vicissitudinary

VICISSITU'DINARY, adjective Changing in succession.

Donne.

Vicontiel

VICON'TIEL, adjective [vice-comitalia. See Viscount.]

In old law books, pertaining to the sherif.

Vicontiel rents, are certain rents for which the sherif pays a rent to the king.

Vicontiel writs, are such as are triable in the county or sherif court.

Cyc.

Vicontiels

VICON'TIELS, noun Things belonging to the sherif; particularly, farms for which the sherif pays rent to the king.

Cyc.

Vicount

VI'COUNT, noun [vice-comes.] In law books, the sherif.

2. A degree of nobility next below a count or earl. [See Viscount.]

Cyc.

Victim

VIC'TIM, noun [Latin victima; French victime.]

1. A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a religious rite; usually, some beast slain in sacrifice: but human beings have been slain by some nations, for the purpose of appeasing the wrath or conciliating the favor of some deity.

2. Something destroyed; something sacrificed in the pursuit of an object. How many persons have fallen victims to jealousy, to lust, to ambition!

Victimate

VIC'TIMATE, verb transitive To sacrifice. [Not in use.]

Bullokar.

Victor

VIC'TOR, noun [Latin from vinco, victus, to conquer, or the same root. N not being radical, the root is vico or vigo; Saxon wig, wigg, war; wiga, a warrior, a hero, a victor; wigan, to war, to fight. The primary sense is to urge, drive or strive, hence to subdue.]

1. One who conquers in war; a vanquisher; one who defeats an enemy in battle. Victor differs from conqueror. We apply conqueror to one who subdues countries, kingdoms or nations; as, Alexander was the conqueror of Asia or India, or of many nations, or of the world. In such phrases, we cannot substitute victor. But we use victor, when we speak of one who overcomes a particular enemy, or in a particular battle; as, Cesar was victor at Pharsalia. The duke of Wellington was victor at Waterloo. Victor then is not followed by the possessive case; for we do not say, Alexander was the victor of Darius, though we say, he was victor at Arbela.

Johnson.

2. One who vanquishes another in private combat or contest; as a victor in the Olympic games.

3. One who wins, or gains the advantage.

In love, the victors from the vanquish'd fly;

They fly that wound, and they pursue that die.

Waller.

4. Master; lord.

These, victor of his health, his fortune, friends. [Not usual nor legitimate.]

Pope.

Victoress

VIC'TORESS, noun A female who vanquishes.

Spenser.

Victorious

VICTO'RIOUS, adjective [French victorieux.] Having conquered in battle or contest; having overcome an enemy or antagonist; conquering; vanquishing; as a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious admiral or navy.

2. That produces conquest; as a victorious day.

Pope.

3. Emblematic of conquest; indicating victory; as brows bound with victorious wreaths.

Shak.

Victoriously

VICTO'RIOUSLY, adverb With conquest; with defeat of an enemy or antagonist; triumphantly; as, grace will carry us victoriously through all difficulties.

Hammond.

Victoriousness

VICTO'RIOUSNESS, noun The state of being victorious.

Victory

VIC'TORY, noun [Latin victoria, from vinco, victus, to conquer; French victoire.]

1. Conquest; the defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in contest; a gaining of the superiority in war or combat. Victory supposes the power of an enemy or an antagonist to prove inferior to that of the victor. Victory however depends not always on superior skill or valor; it is often gained by the fault or mistake of the vanquished.

Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels of a nation.

Bolingbroke.

2. The advantage or superiority gained over spiritual enemies, over passions and appetites, or over temptations, or in any struggle or competition.

Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory, through our Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Corinthians 15.

Victress

VIC'TRESS, noun A female that conquers.

Shak.

Victual

VICTUAL. [See Victuals.]

Victual

VICTUAL, v. t. vit'l. [from victual, the noun.]

1. To supply with provisions for subsistence; as, to victual an army; to victual a garrison.

2. To store with provisions; as, to victual a ship.

Victualed

VICTUALED, pp. vit'ld. Supplied with provisions.

Victualer

VICTUALER, n. vit'ler. One who furnishes provisions.

2. One who keeps a house of entertainment.

3. A provision-ship; a ship employed to carry provisions for other ships, or for supplying troops at a distance.

Victualing

VICTUALING, participle of the present tense vit'ling. Supplying with provisions.

Victualing-House

VICTUALING-HOUSE, noun A house where provision is made for strangers to eat.

Victuals

VICTUALS, n. vit'lz. [French victuailles; Italian vettovaglia; Spanish vitualla; from Latin victus, food, from the root of vivo, which was vigo or vico, coinciding with vigeo; Basque, vicia, life. This word is now never used in the singular.]

Food for human beings, prepared for eating; that which supports human life; provisions; meat; sustenance. We never apply this word to that on which beasts or birds feed, and we apply it chiefly to food for men when cooked or prepared for the table. We do not now give this name to flesh, corn or flour, in a crude state; but we say, the victuals are well cooked or dressed, and in great abundance. We say, a man eats his victuals with a good relish.

Such phrases as to buy victuals for the army or navy, to lay in victuals for the winter, &c. are now obsolete. We say, to buy provisions; yet we use the verb, to victual an army or ship.

Videlicet

VIDEL'ICET, adverb [Latin for videre licet.] To wit; namely. An abbreviation for this word is viz.

Vidual

VID'UAL, adjective [Latin viduus, deprived.] Belonging to the state of a widow. [Not used.]

Viduity

VIDU'ITY, noun [Latin viduitas.] Widowhood. [Not used.]

Vie

VIE, verb intransitive [Saxon wigan, to war, to contend, that is, to strain, to urge, to press. See Victor.]

To strive for superiority; to contend; to use effort in a race, contest, competition, rivalship or strife. How delightful it is to see children vie with each other in diligence and in duties of obedience.

In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in a way of life to vie with the best of their family.

Addison.

Vie

VIE, verb transitive To show or practice in competition; as, to vie power; to vie charities. [Not legitimate.]

2. To urge; to press.

She hung about my neck, and kiss and kiss

She vied so fast. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Vielleur

VIELLEUR, noun A species of fly in Surinam, less than the lantern fly.

Cyc.

View

VIEW, v. t. vu. [French vue, from voir, to see, contracted from Latin videre, Russian viju. The primary sense is to reach or extend to.]

1. To survey; to examine with the eye; to look on with attention, or for the purpose of examining; to inspect; to explore. View differs from look, see, and behold, in expressing more particular or continued attention to the thing which is the object of sight. We ascended mount Holyoke, and viewed the charming landscape below. We viewed with delight the rich valleys of the Connecticut about the town of Northampton.

Go up and view the country. Joshua 7.

I viewed the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah 7.

2. To see; to perceive by the eye.

Pope.

3. To survey intellectually; to examine with the mental eye; to consider. View the subject in all its aspects.

View

VIEW, n. vu. Prospect; sight; reach of the eye.

The walls of Pluto's palace are in view.

Dryden.

2. The whole extent seen. Vast or extensive views present themselves to the eye.

3. Sight; power of seeing, or limit of sight. The mountain was not within our view.

4. Intellectual or mental sight. These things give us a just view of the designs of providence.

5. Act of seeing. The facts mentioned were verified by actual view.

6. Sight; eye.

Objects near our view are thought greater than those of larger size, that are more remote.

Locke.

7. Survey; inspection; examination by the eye. The assessors took a view of the premises.

Surveying nature with too nice a view.

Dryden.

8. Intellectual survey; mental examination.

On a just view of all the arguments in the case, the law appears to be clear.

9. Appearance; show.

GracesÃ‚--

Which, by the splendor of her view

Dazzled, before we never knew.

Waller.

10. Display; exhibition to the sight or mind.

To give a right view of this mistaken part of libertyÃ‚--

Locke.

11. Prospect of interest.

No man sets himself about any thing, but upon some view or other, which serves him for a reason.

Locke.

12. Intention; purpose; design. With that view he began the expedition. With a view to commerce, he passed through Egypt.

13. Opinion; manner of seeing or understanding. These are my views of the policy which ought to be pursued.

View of frankpledge, in law, a court of record, held in a hundred, lordship or manor, before the steward of the leet.

Blackstone.

Point of view, the direction in which a thing is seen.

Viewed

VIEWED, pp. vu'ed. Surveyed; examined by the eye; inspected; considered.

Viewer

VIEWER, n. vu'er. One who views, surveys or examines.

2. In New England, a town officer whose duty is to inspect something; as a viewer offences, who inspects them to determine whether they are sufficient in law.

Viewing

VIEWING, ppr. vu'ing. Surveying; examining by the eye or by the mind; inspecting; exploring.

Viewing

VIEWING, n. vu'ing. The act of beholding or surveying.

Viewless

VIEWLESS, a. vu'less. That cannot be seen; not being perceivable by the eye; invisible; as viewless winds.

Shak.

Swift through the valves the visionary fair

Repass'd, and viewless mix'd with common air.

Pope.

Vigesimation

VIGESIMA'TION, noun [Latin vigesimus, twentieth.]

The act of putting to death every twentieth man.

Bailey.

Vigil

VIG'IL, noun [Latin vigilia; French vigile; Latin vigil, waking, watchful; vigilo, to watch. This is formed on the root of wake, Saxon woecan, wecan. The primary sense is to stir or excite, to rouse, to agitate.]

1. Watch; devotion performed in the customary hours of rest or sleep.

So they in heav'n their odes and vigils tun'd.

Milton.

2. In church affairs, the eye or evening before any feast, the ecclesiastical day beginning at six o'clock in the evening, and continuing till the same hour the following evening; hence, a religious service performed in the evening preceding a holiday.

Cyc.

3. A fast observed on the day preceding a holiday; a wake.

Cyc.

4. Watch; forbearance of sleep; as the vigils of the card table.

Addison.

Vigils or watchings of flowers, a term used by Linne to express a peculiar faculty belonging to the flowers of certain plants, of opening and closing their petals at certain hours of the day.

Cyc.

Vigilance

VIG'ILANCE, noun [French from Latin vigilans. See Vigil.]

1. Forbearance of sleep; a state of being awake.

Parr.

2. Watchfulness; circumspection; attention of the mind in discovering and guarding against danger, or providing for safety. Vigilance is a virtue of prime importance in a general. The vigilance of the dog is no less remarkable than his fidelity.

3. Guard; watch.

In at this gate none pass

The vigilance here plac'd. [Unusual.]

Milton.

Vigilancy

VIG'ILANCY, for vigilance, is not used.

Vigilant

VIG'ILANT, adjective [French from Latin vigilans.]

Watchful; circumspect; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to provide for safety.

Take your places and be vigilant.

Shak.

Be sober, be vigilant. 1 Peter 5.

Vigilantly

VIG'ILANTLY, adverb [supra.] Watchfully; with attention to danger and the means of safety; circumspectly.

Vignette

VIGNETTE, or VIGNET', noun [French vignette, from vigne, a vine.] An ornament place at the beginning of a book, preface or dedication; a head piece. These vignets are of various forms; often they are wreaths of flowers or sprigs.

Vigor

VIG'OR, noun [Latin from vigeo, to be brisk, to grow, to be strong; allied to vivo, vixi, to live, and to Saxon wigan, to carry on war, and to wake.]

1. Active strength or force of body in animals; physical force.

The vigor of this arm was never vain.

Dryden.

2. Strength of mind; intellectual force; energy. We say, a man possesses vigor of mind or intellect.

3. Strength or force in vegetable motion; as, a plant grows with vigor.

4. Strength; energy; efficacy.

In the fruitful earth

His beams, unactive else, their vigor find.

Milton.

Vigor

VIG'OR, verb transitive To invigorate. [Not in use.]

Feltham.

Vigorous

VIG'OROUS, adjective Full of physical strength or active force; strong; lusty; as a vigorous youth; a vigorous body.

2. Powerful; strong; made by strength, either of body or mind; as a vigorous attack; vigorous exertions. The enemy expects a vigorous campaign.

The beginnings of confederacies have been vigorous and successful.

Davenant.

Vigorously

VIG'OROUSLY, adverb With great physical force or strength; forcibly; with active exertions; as, to prosecute an enterprise vigorously.

Vigorousness

VIG'OROUSNESS, noun The quality of being vigorous or possessed of active strength.

[Vigor and all its derivatives imply active strength, or the power of action and exertion, in distinction from passive strength, or strength to endure.]

Vild

VILD, or VI'LED, adjective Vile. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Vile

VILE, adjective [Latin vilis; French Spanish vil; Italian vile; Greek.]

1. Base; mean; worthless; despicable.

The inhabitants account gold a vile thing.

Abbot.

A man in vile raiment. James 2.

Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed as vile in your sight? Job 18.

2. Morally base or impure; sinful; depraved by sin; wicked; hateful in the sight of God and of good men. The sons of Eli made themselves vile. 1 Samuel 3.

Behold I am vile; what shall I answer? Job 40.

Viled

VI'LED, adjective Abusive; scurrilous; defamatory. [Not in use.]

Hayward.

Vilely

VI'LELY, adverb Basely; meanly; shamefully; as Hector vilely dragged about the walls of Troy.

Philips.

2. In a cowardly manner. 2 Samuel 1.

The Volscians vilely yielded the town.

Shak.

Vileness

VI'LENESS, noun Baseness; meanness; despicableness.

His vileness us shall never awe.

Drayton.

2. Moral baseness or depravity; degradation by sin; extreme wickedness; as the vileness of mankind.

Prior.

Vilified

VIL'IFIED, participle passive [from vilify.] Defamed; traduced; debased.

Vilifier

VIL'IFIER, noun One who defames or traduces.

Vilify

VIL'IFY, verb transitive [from vile.] To make vile; to debase; to degrade.

Their Maker's image

Forsook them, when themselves they vilified

To serve ungovern'd appetite.

Milton.

2. To defame; to traduce; to attempt to degrade by slander.

Many passions dispose us to depress and vilify the merit of one rising in the esteem of mankind.

Addison.

[This is the most usual sense of the verb.]

Vilifying

VIL'IFYING, participle of the present tense Debasing; defaming.

Vilipend

VIL'IPEND, verb transitive [Latin vilipendo.] To despise. [Not in use.]

Vilipendency

VILIPEND'ENCY, noun Disesteem; slight. [Not in use.]

Vility

VIL'ITY, noun Vileness; baseness. [Not in use.]

Kennet.

Vill

VILL, noun [Latin villa; French ville.] A village; a small collection of houses.

Hale.

The statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I. mentions entire-vills, demi-vills, and hamlets.

Cyc.

Villa

VIL'LA, noun [Latin villa; French ville; Gaelic, bail.]

A country seat or a farm, furnished with a mansion and convenient out-houses.

Cyc.

Village

VIL'LAGE, noun [French; from villa.] A small assemblage of houses, less than a town or city, and inhabited chiefly by farmers and other laboring people. In England, it is said that a village is distinguished from a town by the want of a market.

Cyc.

In the United States, no such distinction exists, and any small assemblage of houses in the country is called a village.

Villager

VIL'LAGER, noun An inhabitant of a village.

Milton.

Villagery

VIL'LAGERY, noun A district of villages.

Shak.

Villain

VIL'LAIN, or VIL'LAN, noun [French vilain; Italian Spanish villano; Norm. vilaint. According to the French orthography, this word is formed from vile; but the orthography in other languages connects this word with vill, village, and this is probably the true origin. It would be well to write villan.]

1. In feudal law, a villain or villein is one who holds lands by a base or servile tenure, or in villenage. Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is, annexed to the manor, adscriptitii gleboe; or villains in gross, that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from one to another.

Blackstone.

2. A vile wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes. We call by the name of villain, the thief, the robber, the burglarian, the murderer, the incendiary, the ravisher, the seducer, the cheat, the swindler, &c.

Calm thinking villains, whom no faith could fix.

Pope.

Villakin

VIL'LAKIN, noun A little village; a word used by Gay.

Villanage

VIL'LANAGE, noun The state of a villain; base servitude.

2. A base tenure of lands; tenure on condition of doing the meanest services for the lord; usually written villenage.

3. Baseness; infamy. [See Villany.]

Villanize

VIL'LANIZE, verb transitive To debase; to degrade; to defame; to revile.

Were virtue by descent, a noble name

Could never villanize his father's fame. [Little used.]

Dryden.

Villanized

VIL'LANIZED, participle passive Defamed; debased. [Little used.]

Villanizing

VIL'LANIZING, participle of the present tense Defaming; debasing. [Little used.]

Villanous

VIL'LANOUS, or VIL'LAINOUS, adjective [from villain.] Base; very vile.

2. Wicked; extremely depraved; as a villanous person or wretch.

3. Proceeding from extreme depravity; as a villanous action.

4. Sorry; vile; mischievous; in a familiar sense; as a villanous trick of the eye.

Shak.

Villanous judgment, in old law, a judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person.

Villanously

VIL'LANOUSLY, adverb Basely; with extreme wickedness or depravity.

Villanousness

VIL'LANOUSNESS, noun Baseness; extreme depravity.

Villany

VIL'LANY, or VIL'LAINY, noun Extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; as the villany of the thief or the robber; the villany of the seducer.

The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villany.

Shak.

2. A crime; an action of deep depravity. In this sense, the word has a plural.

Such villanies roused Horace into wrath.

Dryden.

Villatic

VILLAT'IC, adjective [Latin villaticus.] Pertaining to a village.

Tame villatic fowl.

Milton.

Villenage

VIL'LENAGE, noun [from villain.] A tenure of lands and tenements by base services.

Blackstone.

Villous

VIL'LOUS, adjective [Latin villosus, from villus, hair, wool.]

1. Abounding with fine hairs or wooly substance; nappy; shaggy; rough; as a villous coat.

The villous coat of the stomach and intestines is the inner mucous membrane, so called from the innumerable villi or fine fibrils with which its internal surface is covered.

Cyc. Parr.

2. In botany, pubescent; covered with soft hairs.

Viminal

VIM'INAL, adjective [Latin viminalis.] Pertaining to twigs; consisting of twigs; producing twigs.

Vimineous

VIMIN'EOUS, adjective [Latin vimineus, from vimen, a twig.] Made of twigs or shoots.

In the hive's vimineous dome.

Prior.

Vinceous

VIN'CEOUS, adjective [Latin vinaceus.] Belonging to wine or grapes.

White.

Vincible

VIN'CIBLE, adjective [from Latin vinco, to conquer. See Victor.]

Conquerable; that may be overcome or subdued.

He not vincible in spiritÃ‚--

Hayward.

Vincibleness

VIN'CIBLENESS, noun The capacity of being conquered; conquerableness.

Dict.

Vincture

VINC'TURE, noun [Latin vinctura.] A binding. [Not in use.]

Vindemial

VINDE'MIAL, adjective [Latin vindemialis, from vindemia, vintage; vinea and demo.] Belonging to a vintage or grape harvest.

Vindemiate

VINDE'MIATE, verb intransitive [supra.] To gather the vintage.

Evelyn.

Vindemiation

VINDEMIA'TION, noun The operation of gathering grapes.

Bailey.

Vindicability

VINDICABIL'ITY, noun The quality of being vindicable, or capable of support or justification.

Journ. of Science.

Vindicable

VIN'DICABLE, adjective [infra.] That may be vindicated, justified or supported.

Dwight.

Vindicate

VIN'DICATE, verb transitive [Latin vindico.] To defend; to justify; to support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure or objections.

When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must vindicate it.

Watts.

Laugh where we must, be candid where we can;

But vindicate the ways of God to man.

Pope.

2. To assert; to defend with success; to maintain; to prove to be just or valid; as, to vindicate a claim or title.

3. To defend with arms, or otherwise; as, to vindicate our rights.

4. To avenge; to punish; as a war to vindicate or punish infidelity.

Bacon.

God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion.

Pearson.

[This latter use is entirely obsolete.]

Vindicated

VIN'DICATED, participle passive Defended; supported; maintained; proved to be just or true.

Vindicating

VIN'DICATING, participle of the present tense Defending; supporting against denial, censure, charge or impeachment; proving to be true or just; defending by force.

Vindication

VINDICA'TION, noun [French from Latin vindico.]

1. The defense of any thing, or a justification against denial or censure, or against objections or accusations; as the vindication of opinions or of a creed; the vindication of the Scriptures against the objections and cavils of infidels.

2. The act of supporting by proof or legal process; the proving of any thing to be just; as the vindication of a title, claim or right.

3. Defense by force or otherwise; as the vindication of the rights of man; the vindication of our liberties or the rights of conscience.

Vindicative

VIN'DICATIVE, adjective Tending to vindicate.

2. Revengeful. [This is now generally vindictive.]

Vindicator

VIN'DICATOR, noun One who vindicates; one who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains; one who defends.

Dryden.

Vindicatory

VIN'DICATORY, adjective Punitory; inflicting punishment; avenging.

The afflictions of Job were not vindicatory punishments.

Bramhall.

2. Tending to vindicate; justificatory.

Vindictive

VINDIC'TIVE, adjective [French vindicatif.] Revengeful; given to revenge.

I am vindictive enough to repel force by force.

Dryden.

Vindictively

VINDIC'TIVELY, adverb By way of revenge; revengefully.

Vindictiveness

VINDIC'TIVENESS, noun A revengeful temper.

2. Revengefulness.

Vine

VINE, noun [Latin vinea; French vigne; from the Italian vigna, Spanish viÃƒ-±a, a vineyard; Welsh gwinien, vine, and gwin, wine. See Wine.]

1. A plant that produces grapes, of the genus Vitis, and of a great number of varieties.

2. The long slender stem of any plant, that trails on the ground, or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its tendrils or claspers. Thus we speak of the hop vine, the bean vine, the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants.

Vined

VI'NED, adjective Having leaves like those of the vine.

Wotton.

Vine-Dresser

VI'NE-DRESSER, noun [vine and dresser.] One who dresses, trims, prunes and cultivates vines.

Vine-Fretter

VI'NE-FRETTER, noun [vine and fret.] A small insect that injures vines, the aphis or puceron.

Vinegar

VIN'EGAR, noun [French vin, wine, and aigre, sour.]

1. Vegetable acid; an acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, beer or other liquors, by the second or acetous fermentation. Vinegar may differ indefinitely in the degree of its acidity. When highly concentrated, it is called radical vinegar.

2. Any thing really or metaphorically sour. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Vinegar of lead, a liquor formed by digesting ceruse or litharge with a sufficient quantity of vinegar to dissolve it.

Vine-Grub

VI'NE-GRUB, noun [vine and grub.] A little insect that infests vines; the vine-fretter or puceron.

Cyc.

Vinery

VI'NERY, noun In gardening, an erection for supporting vines and exposing them to artificial heat, consisting of a wall with stoves and flues.

Vineyard

VINEYARD, or VIN'YARD, noun [Saxon vingeard; Irish fionghort. The correct orthography, from the Saxon, is vinyard.]

A plantation of vines producing grapes; properly, an inclosure or yard for grapevines.

Vinnewed

VIN'NEWED, adjective [Saxon fynig.] Moldy; musty. [Not in use.]

Newton.

Vinnewedness

VIN'NEWEDNESS, noun Mustiness; moldiness. [Not in use.]

Barret.

Vinny

VIN'NY, adjective [supra.] Moldy; musty. [Not in use.]

Vinolency

VIN'OLENCY, noun [Latin vinolentia, from vinum, wine.] Drunkenness. [Not used.]

Vinolent

VIN'OLENT, adjective Given to wine. [Not used.]

Vinosity

VINOS'ITY, noun State or quality of being vinous.

Scott.

Vinous

VI'NOUS, adjective [French vineux, from Latin vinum, wine.]

Having the qualities of wine; pertaining to wine; as a vinous taste; a vinous flavor; vinous fermentation.

Vintage

VINT'AGE, noun [French vendange, from Latin vindemia.]

1. The produce of the vine for the season. The vintage is abundant.

2. The time of gathering the crop of grapes.

3. The wine produced by the crop of grapes in one season.

Cyc.

Vintager

VINT'AGER, noun One that gathers the vintage.

Vintner

VINT'NER, noun One who deals in wine; a wine-seller.

Vintry

VINT'RY, noun A place where wine is sold.

Ainsworth.

Viny

VI'NY, adjective Belonging to vines; producing grapes.

2. Abounding in vines.

P. Fletcher.

Viol

VI'OL, noun [French viole; Italian Spanish viola; Irish biol.]

A stringed musical instrument, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck with a bow. Viols are of different kinds. The largest of all is the base viol, whose tones are deep, soft and agreeable. The violin now takes the place of the old viol.

Me softer airs befit, and softer strings

Of lute, or viol, still more apt for mournful things.

Milton.

Violable

VI'OLABLE, adjective [Latin violabilis. See Violate.]

That may be violated, broken or injured.

Violaceous

VIOLA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin viola, a violet.] Resembling violets.

Encyc.

Violate

VI'OLATE, verb transitive [French violer; Latin violo; Italian violare; Spanish violar.]

1. To injure; to hurt; to interrupt; to disturb; as, to violate sleep.

Milton.

Kindness for man, and pity for his fate,

May mix with bliss and yet not violate.

Dryden.

2. To break; to infringe; to transgress; as, to violate the laws of the state, or the rules of good breeding; to violate the divine commands; to violate one's vows or promises. Promises and commands may be violated negatively, by non-observance.

3. To injure; to do violence to.

Forbid to violate the sacred fruit.

Milton.

4. To treat with irreverence; to profane; as, to violate the sanctity of a holy place.

5. To ravish; to compress by force.

Violated

VI'OLATED, participle passive Injured; broken; transgressed; ravished.

Violating

VI'OLATING, participle of the present tense Injuring; infringing; ravishing.

Violation

VIOLA'TION, noun [French] The act of violating or injuring; interruption, as of sleep or peace.

2. Infringement; transgression; non-observance; as the violation of law or positive command; a violation of covenants, engagements and promises; a violation of vows.

3. Act of irreverence; profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things; as the violation of a church.

4. Ravishment; rape.

Violator

VI'OLATOR, noun One who violates, injures, interrupts or disturbs; as a violator of repose.

2. One who infringes or transgresses; as a violator of law.

3. One who profanes or treats with irreverence; as a violator of sacred things.

4. A ravisher.

Violence

VI'OLENCE, noun [Latin violentia.] Physical force; strength of action or motion; as the violence of a storm; the violence of a blow or of a conflict.

2. Moral force; vehemence. The critic attacked the work with violence.

3. Outrage; unjust force; crimes of all kinds.

The earth was filled with violence. Genesis 6.

4. Eagerness; vehemence.

You ask with violence.

Shak.

5. Injury; infringement. Offer no violence to the laws, or to the rules of civility.

6. Injury; hurt.

Do violence to no man. Luke 3.

7. Ravishment; rape.

To do violence to or on, to attack; to murder.

But, as it seems, did violence on herself.

Shak.

To do violence to, to outrage; to force; to injure. He does violence to his own opinions.

Violence

VI'OLENCE, verb transitive To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence. [Little used.]

B. Jonson. Feltham.

Violent

VI'OLENT, adjective [French; Latin violentus.] Forcible; moving or acting with physical strength; urged or driven with force; as a violent wind; a violent stream; a violent assault or blow; a violent conflict.

2. Vehement; outrageous; as a violent attack on the minister.

3. Produced or continued by force; not spontaneous or natural.

No violent state can be perpetual.

Burnet.

4. Produced by violence; not natural; as a violent death.

5. Acting by violence; assailant; not authorized.

Some violent hands were laid on Humphry's life.

Shak.

6. Fierce; vehement; as a violent philippic; a violent remonstrance.

We might be reckoned fierce and violent.

Hooker.

7. Severe; extreme; as violent pains.

8. Extorted; not voluntary.

Vows made in pain, are violent and void.

Milton.

Violent presumption, in law, is presumption that arises from circumstances which necessarily attend such facts. Such circumstances being proved, the mind infers with confidence that the fact has taken place, and this confidence is a violent presumption, which amounts to proof.

Violent

VI'OLENT, noun An assailant. [Not in use.]

Violent

VI'OLENT, verb transitive To urge with violence. [Not used.]

Fuller.

Violently

VI'OLENTLY, adverb With force; forcibly; vehemently; as, the wind blows violently.

Forfeitures must not be exacted violently.

Taylor.

Violet

VI'OLET, noun [French violette; Italian violetto; Latin viola.]

A plant and flower of the genus Viola, of many species.

Violin

VI'OLIN, noun [Italian violino; French violon; from viol.]

A musical instrument with four strings, played with a bow; a fiddle; one of the most perfect and most powerful instruments that has been invented.

Cyc.

Violinist

VI'OLINIST, noun A person skilled in playing on a violin.

Farey.

Violist

VI'OLIST, noun A player on the viol.

Todd.

Violoncello

VIOLONCEL'LO, noun [Italian] A stringed instrument of music; a base viol of four strings, or a little base violin with long large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the base violin.

Encyc.

Violono

VIOLO'NO, noun A double base, a deep toned instrument.

Busby.

Viper

VI'PER, noun [Latin vipera; French vipere; Welsh gwiber, from gwib, a quick course, a driving, flying or serpentine motion, a wandering.]

1. A serpent, a species of coluber, whose bite is remarkably venomous.

A viper came out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts 29.

2. A person or thing mischievous or malignant.

Shak.

Viperine

VI'PERINE, adjective [Latin viperinus.] Pertaining to a viper or to vipers.

Viperous

VI'PEROUS, adjective [Latin vipereus.] Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as a viperous tongue.

Shak.

Vipers Bugloss

VIPER'S BUGLOSS, noun A plant of the genus Echium.

Vipers Grass

VIPER'S GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Scorzonera.

Virago

VIRA'GO, noun [Latin from vir, a man.] A woman of extraordinary stature, strength and courage; a female who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man; a female warrior.

To arms! to arms! the fierce virago cries.

Pope.

2. In common language, a bold, impudent, turbulent woman; a termagant.

Vire

VIRE, noun [Spanish vira.] An arrow. Obs.

Gower.

Virelay

VI'RELAY, noun [French virelai, from virer, to turn.]

A song or little poem among the ProvenÃƒ-§al poets in France; a roundelay. It sometimes consisted of two rhymes only, and short verses, with stops.

Johnson. Cyc.

To which a lady sung a virelay.

Dryden.

Virent

VI'RENT, adjective [Latin virens, from vireo, to flourish or be green.]

Green; verdant; fresh.

Brown.

Virgate

VIR'GATE, adjective nearly vurgate. [Latin virga, a rod.]

In botany, having the shape of a rod or wand; as a virgate stem.

Virgate

VIR'GATE, noun A yardland.

Warton.

Virge

VIRGE. [See Verge.]

Virgilian

VIRGIL'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet.

2. Resembling the style of Virgil.

Young.

Virgin

VIR'GIN, noun nearly vur'gin. [Italian virgine; Spanish virgen; French vierge; Latin virgo.]

1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man.

2. A woman not a mother. [Unusual.]

Milton.

3. The sign Virgo. [See Virgo.]

Milton.

Virgin

VIR'GIN, adjective Pure; untouched; as virgin gold.

Woodward.

2. Fresh; new; unused; as virgin soil.

Belknap.

3. Becoming a virgin; maidenly; modest; indicating modesty; as a virgin blush; virgin shame.

Cowley.

4. Pure; chaste.

Virgin

VIR'GIN, verb intransitive To play the virgin; a cant word.

Shak.

Virginal

VIR'GINAL, adjective Pertaining to a virgin; maidenly; as virginal chastity.

Hammond.

Virginal

VIR'GINAL, noun A keyed instrument of one string, jack and quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resembling the forte piano; out of use.

Cyc. Bacon.

Virginal

VIR'GINAL, verb intransitive To pat; to strike as on a virginal. [A cant word.]

Shak.

Virginity

VIRGIN'ITY, noun [Latin virginitas.] Maidenhood; the state of having had no carnal knowledge of man.

Virgins Bower

VIR'GIN'S BOWER, noun A plant of the genus Clematis.

Virgo

VIR'GO, noun [Latin] A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters in August; a constellation, containing according to the British catalogue, one hundred and ten stars.

Cyc.

Viridity

VIRID'ITY, noun [Latin viriditas, from vireo, to be green.]

Greenness; verdure; the color of fresh vegetables.

Evelyn.

Virile

VI'RILE, adjective [Latin virilis, from vir, a man, Saxon wer; Sanscrit vira, strong; from the root of Latin vireo.]

1. Pertaining to a man, in the eminent sense of the word, [not to man, in the sense of the human race;] belonging to the male sex; as virile age.

2. Masculine; not puerile or feminine; as virile strength or vigor.

Virility

VIRIL'ITY, noun [French virilitÃƒ-©; Latin virilitas.]

1. Manhood; the state of the male sex, which has arrived to the maturity and strength of a man, and to the power of procreation.

2. The power of procreation.

3. Character of man. [Unusual.]

Virtu

VIR'TU, noun [Italian] A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities.

Chesterfield.

Virtual

VIR'TUAL, adjective [French virtuel; from virtue. See Virtue.]

1. Potential; having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the material or sensible part.

Every kind that lives,

Fomented by his virtual power, and warm'd.

Milton.

Neither an actual nor virtual intentionof the mind, but only that which may be gathered from the outward acts.

Stillingfleet.

2. Being in essence or effect, not in fact; as the virtual presence of a man in his agent or substitute.

Virtuality

VIRTUAL'ITY, noun Efficacy.

Brown.

Virtually

VIR'TUALLY, adverb In efficacy or effect only; by means of some virtue or influence, or the instrumentality of something else. Thus the sun is virtually on earth by its light and heat. The citizens of an elective government are virtually present in the legislature by their representatives. A man may virtually agree to a proposition by silence or withholding objections.

Addison. Cyc.

Virtuate

VIR'TUATE, verb transitive To make efficacious. [Not in use.]

Harvey.

Virtue

VIRTUE, n. vur'tu. [French vertu; Italian virtu; Spanish vertud; Latin virtus, from vireo, or its root. See Worth. The radical sense is strength, from straining, stretching, extending. This is the primary sense of Latin vir, a man. Class Br.]

1. Strength; that substance or quality of physical bodies, by which they act and produce effects on other bodies. In this literal and proper sense, we speak of the virtue or virtues of plants in medicine, and the virtues of drugs. In decoctions, the virtues of plants are extracted. By long standing in the open air, the virtues are lost.

2. Bravery; valor. This was the predominant signification of virtus among the Romans.

Trust to thy single virtue.

Shak.

[This sense is nearly or quite obsolete.]

3. Moral goodness; the practice of moral duties and the abstaining from vice, or a conformity of life and conversation to the moral law. In this sense, virtue may be, and in many instances must be, distinguished from religion. The practice of moral duties merely from motives of convenience, or from compulsion, or from regard to reputation, is virtue, as distinct from religion. The practice of moral duties from sincere love to God and his laws, is virtue and religion. In this sense it is true,

That virtue only makes our bliss below.

Pope.

Virtue is nothing but voluntary obedience to truth.

Dwight.

4. A particular moral excellence; as the virtue of temperance, of chastity, of charity.

Remember all his virtues.

Addison.

5. Acting power; something efficacious.

Jesus, knowing that virtue had gone out of him, turnedÃ‚-- Mark 3.

6. Secret agency; efficacy without visible or material action.

She moves the body which she doth possess,

Yet no part toucheth, but by virtue's touch.

Davies.

7. Excellence; or that which constitutes value and merit.

Ã‚--Terence, who thought the sole grace and virtue of their fable, the sticking in of sentences.

B. Jonson.

8. One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy.

Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers.

Milton.

9. Efficacy; power.

He used to travel through Greece by virtue of this fable, which procured him reception in all the towns.

Addison.

10. Legal efficacy or power; authority. A man administers the laws by virtue of a commission.

In virtue, in consequence; by the efficacy or authority.

This they shall attain, partly in virtue of the promise of God, and partly in virtue of piety.

Atterbury.

Virtueless

VIR'TUELESS, adjective Destitute of virtue.

2. Destitute of efficacy or operating qualities.

Virtueless she wish'd all herbs and charms.

Fairfax.

Virtuoso

VIRTUO'SO, noun [Italian] A man skilled in the fine arts, particularly in music; or a man skilled in antiquities, curiosities and the like.

Virtuoso the Italians call a man who loves the noble arts, and is a critic in them.

Dryden.

Virtuosoship

VIRTUO'SOSHIP, noun The pursuits of a virtuoso.

Hurd.

Virtuous

VIR'TUOUS, adjective Morally good; acting in conformity to the moral law; practicing the moral duties, and abstaining from vice; as a virtuous man.

2. Being in conformity to the moral or divine law; as a virtuous action; a virtuous life.

The mere performance of virtuous actions does not denominate an agent virtuous.

Price.

3. Chaste; applied to women.

4. Efficacious by inherent qualities; as virtuous herbs; virtuous drugs. [Not in use.]

Chapman.

5. Having great or powerful properties; as virtuous steel; a virtuous staff; a virtuous ring. [Not in use.]

Milton. Spenser.

6. Having medicinal qualities. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Virtuously

VIR'TUOUSLY, adverb In a virtuous manner; in conformity with the moral law or with duty; as a life virtuously spent.

Denham.

A child virtuously educated.

Addison.

Virtuousness

VIR'TUOUSNESS, noun The state or character of being virtuous.

Spenser.

Virulence

VIR'ULENCE, or VIR'ULENCY, noun [from virulent.] That quality of a thing which renders it extremely active in doing injury; acrimony; malignancy; as the virulence of poison.

2. Acrimony of temper; extreme bitterness or malignity; as the virulence of enmity or malice; the virulence of satire; to attack a man with virulence.

Addison.

Virulent

VIR'ULENT, adjective [Latin virulentus, from virus, poison, that is, strength, from the same root as vir, vireo. See Venom.]

1. Extremely active in doing injury; very poisonous or venomous. No poison is more virulent than that of some species of serpents.

2. Very bitter in enmity; malignant; as a virulent invective.

Virulently

VIR'ULENTLY, adverb With malignant activity; with bitter spite or severity.

Virus

VI'RUS, noun [Latin See Virulent.] Foul or contagious matter of an ulcer, pustule, &c.; poison.

Visage

VIS'AGE, n. s as z. [French; from Italian visaggio; from Latin visus, video.]

The face; the countenance or look of a person, or of other animal; chiefly applied to human beings; as a wolfish visage.

Shak.

Love and beauty still that visage grace.

Waller.

His visage was so marred, more than any man. Isaiah 52.

Visaged

VIS'AGED, adjective Having a visage or countenance.

Milton.

Vis-a-Vis

VIS-A-VIS, noun [French opposite, face to face.] A carriage in which two persons sit face to face.

Viscera

VIS'CERA, noun [Latin] The bowels or intestines; the contents of the abdomen and thorax.

In its most general sense, the organs contained in any cavity of the body, particularly in the three venters, the head, thorax and abdomen.

Cyc. Parr.

Visceral

VIS'CERAL, adjective [Latin viscera.] Pertaining to the viscera or intestines.

2. Feeling; having sensibility. [Unusual.]

Reynolds.

Viscerate

VIS'CERATE, verb transitive [supra.] To exenterate; to embowel; to deprive of the entrails or viscera. [Eviscerate is generally used.]

Viscid

VIS'CID, adjective [Latin viscidus; viscus, birdlime.] Glutinous; sticky; tenacious; not readily separating; as, turpentine, tar, gums, &c. are more or less viscid.

Viscidity

VISCID'ITY, noun Glutinousness; tenacity; stickiness.

2. Glutinous concretion.

Floyer.

Viscosity

VISCOS'ITY, or VIS'COUSNESS, noun Glutinousness; tenacity; viscidity; that quality of soft substances which makes them adhere so as not to be easily parted.

Viscount

VISCOUNT, n. vi'count. [Latin vice-comes; French vicomte.]

1. An officer who formerly supplied the place of the count or earl; the sherif of the county.

England.

2. A degree or title of nobility next in rank to an earl.

Cowel. England.

Viscountess

VISCOUNTESS, n. vi'countess. The lady of a viscount; a peeress of the fourth order.

Johnson.

Viscountship

VISCOUNTSHIP, or VISCOUNTY, noun vi'countship. or vi'county. The quality and office of a viscount.

Williams.

Viscous

VIS'COUS, adjective [French visqueux; from Latin viscus, birdlime.]

Glutinous; clammy; sticky; adhesive; tenacious; as a viscous juice.

Vise

VISE, noun [French vis, a screw.] An engine or instrument for griping and holding things, closed by a screw; used by artificers.

Vishnu

VISH'NU, noun In the Hindoo mythology, the name of one of the chief deities of the trimurti or triad. He is the second person of this unity, and a personification of the preserving powers.

Cyc. Encyc.

Visibility

VISIBIL'ITY, n. s as z. [from visible; French visibilitÃƒ-©.]

1. The state or quality of being perceivable to the eye; as the visibility of minute particles, or of distant objects.

2. The state of being discoverable or apparent; conspicuousness; as the perpetual visibility of the church.

Stillingfleet.

Visible

VIS'IBLE, a. s as z. [French from Latin visibilis.]

1. Perceivable by the eye; that can be seen; as a visible star; the least spot is visible on white paper; air agitated by heat becomes visible; as the air near a heated stove, or over a dry sandy plain, appears like pellucid waves.

Virtue made visible in outward grace.

Young.

2. Discovered to the eye; as visible spirits.

Shak.

3. Apparent; open; conspicuous. Factions at court became more visible.

Clarendon.

Visible church, in theology, the apparent church of Christ; the whole body of professed believers in Christ, as contradistinguished from the real or invisible church, consisting of sanctified persons.

Visible horizon, the line that bounds the sight.

Visibleness

VIS'IBLENESS, noun State or quality of being visible; visibility.

Visibly

VIS'IBLY, adverb In a manner perceptible to the eye. The day is visibly governed by the sun; the tides are visibly governed by the moon.

Vision

VI'SION, n. s as z. [French from Latin visio, from video, visus.]

1. The act of seeing external objects; actual sight.

Faith here is turned into vision there.

Hammond.

2. The faculty of seeing; sight. Vision is far more perfect and acute in some animals than in man.

3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real; a phantom; a specter.

No dreams, but visions strange.

Sidney.

4. In Scripture, a revelation from God; an appearance or exhibition of something supernaturally presented to the minds of the prophets, by which they were informed of future events. Such were the visions of Isaiah, of Amos, of Ezekiel, &c.

5. Something imaginary; the production of fancy.

Locke.

6. Any thing which is the object of sight.

Thomson.

Visional

VI'SIONAL, adjective Pertaining to a vision.

Waterland.

Visionary

VI'SIONARY, adjective [French visionnaire.] Affected by phantoms; disposed to receive impressions on the imagination.

Or lull to rest the visionary maid.

Pope.

2. Imaginary; existing in imagination only; not real; having no solid foundation; as a visionary prospect; a visionary scheme or project.

Visionary

VI'SIONARY, noun One whose imagination is disturbed.

2. One who forms impracticable schemes; one who is confident of success in a project which others perceive to be idle and fanciful. [Visionist, in a like sense, is not used.]

Visit

VIS'IT, v. t. s as z. [Latin visito; French visiter; Italian visitare; from Latin viso, to go to see; Welsh gwÃƒ-ªst, gwesta, to visit, to go about; gwÃƒ-ªst, a going, a visit; gwes, that is going or moving. We see the sense is to go, to move to.]

1. To go or come to see; to attend. The physician visits his patient and prescribes. One friend visits another from respect or affection. Paul and Barnabas visited the churches they had planted, to know their state and confirm their faith. Men visit England, France or Italy in their travels.

2. To go or come to see for inspection, examination, correction of abuses, &c.; as, a bishop visits his diocese; a superintendant visits those persons or works which are under his care.

3. To salute with a present.

Samson visited his wife with a kid. Judges 15.

4. To go to and to use; as, to visit the springs.

To visit in mercy, in Scriptural language, to be propitious; to grant requests; to deliver from trouble; to support and comfort. It is thus God visits his people. Genesis 21. Zechariah 10. Luke 12.

To visit with the rod, to punish. Psalm 89.

To visit in wrath, or visit iniquity or sins upon, to chastise; to bring judgments on; to afflict. Exodus 20.

To visit the fatherless and widow, or the sick and imprisoned, to show them regard and pity, and relieve their wants. Matthew 25. James 1.

Visit

VIS'IT, verb intransitive To keep up the interchange of civilities and salutations; to practice going to see others. We ought not to visit for pleasure or ceremony on the sabbath.

Visit

VIS'IT, noun The act of going to see another, or of calling at his house; a waiting on; as a visit of civility or respect; a visit of ceremony; a short visit; a long visit; a pleasant visit.

2. The act of going to see; as a visit to Saratoga or to Niagara.

3. A going to see or attending on; as the visit of a physician.

4. The act of going to view or inspect; as the visit of a trustee or inspector.

Visitable

VIS'ITABLE, adjective Liable or subject to be visited. All hospitals built since the reformation are visitable by the king or lord chancellor.

Visitant

VIS'ITANT, noun One that goes or comes to see another; one who is a guest in the house of a friend.

When the visitant comes again he is no more a stranger.

South.

Visitation

VISITA'TION, noun [French from Latin visito.] The act of visiting.

Nothing but peace and gentle visitation.

Shak.

2. Object of visit.

O flowers!

My early visitation and my last.

Milton.

[Unusual.]

3. In law, the act of a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corporation, college, church or other house, to examine into the manner in which it is conducted, and see that its laws and regulations are duly observed and executed. In England, the visitation of the diocese belongs to the bishop; parochial visitation belongs peculiarly to the archdeacons.

Cyc.

4. In Scripture, and in a religious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses on men to punish them for their sins, or to prove them. Hence afflictions, calamities and judgments are called visitations.

What will ye do in the day of visitation? Isaiah 10.

5. Communication of divine love; exhibition of divine goodness and mercy.

Hooker.

Visited

VIS'ITED, participle passive Waited on; attended; inspected; subjected to sufferings; favored with relief or mercy.

Visiting

VIS'ITING, participle of the present tense Going or coming to see; attending on, as a physician; inspecting officially; afflicting; showing mercy to.

2. adjective Authorized to visit and inspect; as a visiting committee.

Visiting

VIS'ITING, noun The act of going to see or of attending; visitation.

Visitor

VIS'ITOR, noun [French visiteur.] One who comes or goes to see another, as in civility or friendship.

2. A superior or person authorized to visit a corporation or any institution, for the purpose of seeing that the laws and regulations are observed, or that the duties and conditions prescribed by the founder or by law, are duly performed and executed.

The king is the visitor of all lay corporations.

Blackstone.

Visitorial

VISITO'RIAL, adjective [from visitor; written improperly visitatorial.]

Belonging to a judicial visitor or superintendant.

An archdeacon has visitorial power in parishes.

Ayliffe.

Visive

VI'SIVE, adjective [from Latin visus.] Pertaining to the power of seeing; formed in the act of seeing. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Visne

VISNE, n. veen. [Norm. from Latin vicinia.] Neighborhood. [See Venue.]

Visnomy

VIS'NOMY, noun [a barbarous contraction of physiognomy.] Face; countenance. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Visor

VI'SOR, n. s as z. [French visiere; Italian visiera; from Latin visus, video; written also visard, visar, vizard.]

1. A head piece or mask used to disfigure and disguise.

My weaker government since, makes you pull off the visor.

Sidney.

Swarms of knaves the visor quite disgrace.

young.

2. A perforated part of a helmet.

Sidney.

Visored

VI'SORED, adjective Wearing a visor; masked; disguised.

Milton.

Vista

VIS'TA, noun [Italian sight; from Latin visus, video.]

A view or prospect through an avenue, as between rows of trees; hence, the trees or other things that form the avenue.

The finish'd garden to the view

Its vistas opens and its alleys green.

Thomson.

Visual

VIS':UAL, a. s as z. [French visuel; Italian visuale; from Latin visus.]

Pertaining to sight; used in sight; serving as the instrument of seeing; as the visual nerve.

Bacon. Milton.

The air,

No where so clear, sharpen'd his visual ray.

Milton.

Visual point, in perspective, a point in the horizontal line, in which all the ocular rays unite.

Cyc.

Visual rays, lines of light, imagined to come from the object to the eye.

Cyc.

Vital

VI'TAL, adjective [Latin vitalis, from vita, life. This must be a contraction of victa, for vivo forms vixi, victus; Greek, from, contracted.]

1. Pertaining to life, either animal or vegetable; as vital energies; vital powers.

2. Contributing to life; necessary to life; as vital air; vital blood.

3. Containing life.

Spirits that live throughout,

Vital in every partÃ‚--

Milton.

And vital virtue infus'd, and vital warmth.

Milton.

4. Being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.

The dart flew on, and pierc'd a vital part.

Pope.

5. Very necessary; highly important; essential. Religion is a business of vital concern. Peace is of vital importance to our country.

6. So disposed as to live.

Pythagoras and Hippocrates affirm the birth of the seventh month to be vital.

Brown.

[Little used.]

Vital air, pure air or oxygen gas, which is essential to animal life.

Vitality

VITAL'ITY, noun [from vital.] Power of subsisting in life; the principle of animation, or of life; as the vitality of vegetable seeds or of eggs.

Ray.

2. The act of living; animation.

Vitalize

VI'TALIZE, verb transitive To give life.

Trans. Pausanias.

Vitally

VI'TALLY, adverb In such a manner as to give life.

The organic structure of human bodies, by which they are fitted to live and move, and to be vitally informed by the soul, is the workmanship of a most wise and beneficent maker.

Bentley.

2. Essentially; as vitally important.

Vitals

VI'TALS, n. plu. Parts of animal bodies essential to life, such as the viscera.

Prior.

2. The part essential to life, or to a sound state. Corruption of manners preys upon the vitals of a state.

Vitellary

VIT'ELLARY, noun [Latin vitellus, the yelk of an egg.]

The place where the yelk of an egg swims in the white. [Little used.]

Brown.

Vitiate

VI'TIATE, verb transitive [Latin vitio. See Vice and Viciate.]

1. To injure the substance or qualities of a thing, so as to impair or spoil its use and value. Thus we say, luxury vitiates the humors of the body; evil examples vitiate the morals of youth; language is vitiated by foreign idioms.

This undistinguishing complaisance will vitiate the taste of readers.

Garth.

2. To render defective; to destroy; as the validity or binding force of an instrument or transaction. Any undue influence exerted on a jury vitiates their verdict. Fraud vitiates a contract.

Vitiated

VI'TIATED, participle passive Depraved; rendered impure; rendered defective and void.

Vitiating

VI'TIATING, participle of the present tense Depraving; rendering of no validity.

Vitiation

VITIA'TION, noun The act of vitiating; depravation; corruption; as the vitiation of the blood.

Harvey.

2. A rendering invalid; as the vitiation of a contract.

Vitilitigate

VITILIT'IGATE, verb intransitive [Latin vitiosus and litigo.]

To content in law litigiously or cavilously. [Not in use.]

Vitilitigation

VITILITIGA'TION, noun Cavilous litigation. [Not in use.]

Hudibras.

Vitious, vitiously, vitiousness. [See Vicious and its derivatives.]

Vitreo-Electric

VITREO-ELEC'TRIC, adjective Containing or exhibiting positive electricity, or that which is excited by rubbing glass.

Ure.

Vitreous

VIT'REOUS, adjective [Latin vitreus, from vitrum, glass or woad; Welsh gwydyr, glass, a greenish blue color.] Pertaining to glass.

2. Consisting of glass; as a vitreous substance.

3. Resembling glass; as the vitreous humor of the eye, so called from its resembling melted glass. [See Humor.]

Vitreousness

VIT'REOUSNESS, noun The quality or state of being vitreous; resemblance of glass.

Vitrescence

VITRES'CENCE, noun [from Latin vitrum, glass.] Glassiness; or the quality of being capable of conversion into glass; susceptibility of being formed into glass.

Kirwan.

Vitrescent

VITRES'CENT, adjective Capable of being formed into glass; tending to become glass.

Vitrescible

VITRES'CIBLE, adjective That can be vitrified.

Encyc.

Vitrifaction

VITRIFAC'TION, noun [See Vitrify.] The act, process or operation of converting into glass by heat; as the vitrifaction of sand, flint and pebbles with alkaline salts.

Vitrifiable

VIT'RIFIABLE, adjective [from vitrify.] Capable of being converted into glass by heat and fusion. Flint and alkaline salts are vitrifiable.

Vitrificable

VIT'RIFICABLE, for vitrifiable. [Not used.]

Vitrificate

VIT'RIFICATE, for vitrify. [Not used.]

Bacon.

Vitrification

VITRIFICA'TION, for vitrifaction. [See Vitrifaction, which is generally used.]

Vitrified

VIT'RIFIED, participle passive Converted into glass.

Vitriform

VIT'RIFORM, adjective [Latin vitrum, glass, and form.]

Having the form or resemblance of glass.

Fourcroy.

Vitrify

VIT'RIFY, verb transitive [Latin vitrum, glass, and facio, to make.]

To convert into glass by fusion or the action of heat; as, to vitrify sand and alkaline salts.

Vitrify

VIT'RIFY, verb intransitive To become glass; to be converted into glass.

Chimists make vessels of animal substances calcined, which will not vitrify in the fire.

Arbuthnot.

Vitriol

VIT'RIOL, noun [French vitriol; Italian vitriuolo; Spanish vitriolo; from Latin vitrum, glass; perhaps from its color.]

1. In mineralogy, native vitriol is a substance of a grayish or yellowish white color, apple green, or sky blue, and when decomposed, covered with an ochery crust. It occurs in masses, disseminated, stalactical, or capillary. Externally, it is dull and rough; internally, it is more or less shining, with a vitreous silky structure. It is called by manufacturers copperas, a name derived from the flower or efflorescence of copper. This substance is seen only in cabinets.

2. In chimistry, a combination of the acid of sulphur with any metallic substance; but chiefly green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; blue vitriol, or sulphate of copper, and white vitriol, or sulphate of zink.

Cyc. Fourcroy.

All metals may be converted into vitriols, by dissolving them with acid spirits, and suffering them to stand and crystalize.

Vitriolate

VIT'RIOLATE, verb transitive To convert, as sulphur in any compound, into sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid. Thus the sulphuret of iron vitriolated, becomes sulphate of iron, or green vitriol.

Vitriolated

VIT'RIOLATED, participle passive Converted into sulphuric acid or vitriol.

Vitriolating

VIT'RIOLATING, participle of the present tense Turning into sulphuric acid or vitriol.

Vitriolation

VITRIOLA'TION, noun The act or process of converting into sulphuric acid or vitriol.

Vitriolic

VITRIOL'IC, adjective Pertaining to vitriol; having the qualities of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol.

Vitriolic acid, in modern chimistry is denominated sulphuric acid, the base of it being sulphur; sulphur completely saturated with oxygen.

Vitriolizable

VIT'RIOLIZABLE, adjective Capable of being converted into sulphuric acid.

Vitriolization

VITRIOLIZA'TION. [See Vitriolation.]

Vitriolized

VIT'RIOLIZED. [See Vitriolated.]

Vitriolizing

VIT'RIOLIZING. [See Vitriolating.]

Vituline

VIT'ULINE, adjective [Latin vitulinus.] Belonging to a calf, or to veal.

Vituperable

VITU'PERABLE, adjective [See Vituperate.]

Blameworthy; censurable. [Not used.]

Vituperate

VITU'PERATE, verb transitive [Latin vitupero.] To blame; to censure. [Little used.]

Vituperation

VITUPERA'TION, noun [Latin vituperatio.] Blame; censure. [Little used.]

Vituperative

VITU'PERATIVE, adjective Uttering or writing censure; containing censure.

Pope.

Vivacious

VIVA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin vivax, from vivo, to live.]

1. Lively; active; sprightly in temper or conduct.

Howell.

2. Long lived. [Not in use.]

Bentley.

3. Having vigorous powers of life; as vivacious plants.

Med. Repos.

Vivaciousness

VIVA'CIOUSNESS, noun Activity; liveliness; sprightliness of temper or behavior; vivacity.

Dryden.

2. Power of living; also, long life. [Not in use.]

Brown. Boyle.

Vivacity

VIVAC'ITY, noun [French vivacitÃƒ-©; Latin vivacitas.]

1. Liveliness; sprightliness of temper or behavior; as a lady of great vivacity.

2. Air of life and activity; as vivacity of countenance.

3. Life; animation; spirits; as the vivacity of a discourse.

4. Power of living. [Not used.]

Boyle.

5. Longevity. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Vivary

VI'VARY, noun [Latin vivarium, from vivo, to live.]

A warren; a place for keeping living animals, as a pond, a park, &c.

Cowel.

Viva voce, [Latin] by word of mouth; as, to vote viva voce.

Vive

VIVE, adjective [French vif; Latin vivus.] Lively; forcible. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Vively

VI'VELY, adverb In a lively manner. [Not used.]

Vivency

VI'VENCY, noun [Latin vivens, from vivo.] Manner of supporting life or vegetation. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Vives

VIVES, noun A disease of animals, particularly of horses, seated in the glands under the ear, where a tumor is formed which sometimes ends in suppuration.

Cyc.

Vivianite

VIV'IANITE, noun A phosphate of iron, of various shades of blue and green.

Phillips.

Vivid

VIV'ID, adjective [Latin vividus, from vivo, to live.]

1. Lively; sprightly; active.

Body is a fit workhouse for sprightly vivid faculties to exert themselves in.

South.

2. Lively; sprightly; forming brilliant images, or painting in lively colors; as a vivid imagination.

3. Bright; strong; exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; as the vivid colors of the rainbow; the vivid green of flourishing vegetables.

Arts which present, with all the vivid charms of painting, the human face and human form divine.

Bp. Hobart.

Vividly

VIV'IDLY, adverb With life; with strength.

Sensitive objects affect a man much more vividly than those which affect only his mind.

South.

2. With brightness; in bright colors.

Boyle.

3. In glowing colors; with animated exhibition to the mind. The orator vividly represented the miseries of his client.

Vividness

VIV'IDNESS, noun Life; strength; sprightliness.

2. Strength of coloring; brightness.

Vivific

VIVIF'IC, or VIVIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin vivificus. See Vivify.] Giving life; reviving; enlivening.

Bailey.

Vivificate

VIV'IFICATE, verb transitive [Latin vivifico; vivus, alive, and facio, to make.]

1. To give life to; to animate. [See Vivify.]

More.

2. In chimistry, to recover from such a change of form as seems to destroy the essential qualities; or to give to natural bodies new luster, force and vigor.

Cyc.

Vivification

VIVIFICA'TION, noun The act of giving life; revival.

Bacon.

2. Among chimists, the act of giving new luster, force and vigor; as the vivification of mercury.

Cyc.

Vivificative

VIV'IFICATIVE, adjective Able to animate or give life.

More.

Vivified

VIV'IFIED, participle passive Revived; endued with life.

Vivify

VIV'IFY, verb transitive [French vivifier; Latin vivifico; vivus, alive, and facio, to make.]

To endue with life; to animate; to make to be living.

Sitting on eggs doth vivify, not nourish.

Bacon.

Vivifying

VIV'IFYING, participle of the present tense Enduing with life; communicating life to.

Viviparous

VIVIP'AROUS, adjective [Latin vivus, alive, and pario, to bear.]

1. Producing young in a living state, as all mammifers; as distinguished from oviparous, producing eggs, as fowls. If fowls were viviparous, it is difficult to see how the female would fly during pregnancy.

2. In botany, producing its offspring alive, either by bulbs instead of seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on the plant, instead of falling, as they usually do; as a viviparous plant.

Martyn.

Vixen

VIX'EN, noun [vixen is a she fox, or a fox's cub.]

A forward, turbulent, quarrelsome woman.

Shak.

Vixenly

VIX'ENLY, adjective Having the qualities of a vixen.

Barrow.

Viz

VIZ. a contraction of videlicet; to wit, that is, namely.

Vizard

VIZ'ARD, noun A mask. [See Visor.]

Vizard

VIZ'ARD, verb transitive To mask.

Vizier

VIZ'IER, or VI'ZER, noun [Arabic from wazara, to bear, to sustain, to administer.] The chief minister of the Turkish empire.

Vocable

VO'CABLE, noun [Latin vocabulum; Italian vocabolo. See Voice.]

A word; a term; a name.

Asiat. Res.

Vocabulary

VOCAB'ULARY, noun [French vocabulaire, from Latin vocabulum, a word.]

A list or collection of the words of a language, arranged in alphabetical order and explained; a dictionary or lexicon. We often use vocabulary in a sense somewhat different from that of dictionary, restricting the signification to the list of words; as when we say, the vocabulary of Johnson is more full or extensive than that of Entick. We rarely use the word as synonymous with dictionary, but in the other countries the corresponding word is so used, and this may be so used in English.

Vocal

VO'CAL, adjective [French from Latin vocalis. See Voice.]

1. Having a voice.

To hill or valley, fountain or fresh shade,

Made vocal by my song.

Milton.

2. Uttered or modulated by the voice; as vocal melody; vocal prayer; vocal praise.

Vocal music, music made by the voice, indistinction from instrumental music; hence, music or tunes set to words, to be performed by the human voice.

Vocal

VO'CAL, noun Among the Romanists, a man who has a right to vote in certain elections.

Cyc.

Vocality

VOCAL'ITY, noun [Latin vocalitas.] Quality of being utterable by the voice; as the vocality of the letters.

Holder.

Vocalize

VO'CALIZE, verb transitive To form into voice; to make vocal.

It is one thing to give impulse to breath alone, and another to vocalize that breath.

Holder.

Vocalized

VO'CALIZED, participle passive Made vocal; formed into voice.

Vocalizing

VO'CALIZING, participle of the present tense Forming into voice or sound.

Vocally

VO'CALLY, adverb With voice; with an audible sound.

2. In words; as, to express desires vocally.

Hale.

Vocation

VOCA'TION, noun [French from Latin vocatio, from voco, to call. See Voice.]

1. Among divines, a calling by the will of God; or the bestowment of God's distinguishing grace upon a person or nation, by which that person or nation is put in the way of salvation; as the vocation of the Jews under the old dispensation, and of the Gentiles under the gospel.

2. Summons; call; inducement.

What can be urged for them who, not having the vocation of poverty to scribble, out of mere wantonness make themselves ridiculous!

Dryden.

3. Designation or destination to a particular state or profession.

None is to enter the ecclesiastic or monastic state, without a particular vocation.

Cyc.

4. Employment; calling; occupation; trade; a word that includes professions as well as mechanical occupations. Let every divine, every physician, every lawyer, and every mechanic, be faithful and diligent in his vocation.

Vocative

VOC'ATIVE, adjective [French vocatif; Latin vocativus.]

Relating to calling; as the vocative case in grammar.

Vocative

VOC'ATIVE, noun In grammar, the fifth case or state of nouns in the Latin language; or the case in any language, in which a word is placed when the person is addressed; as Domine, O Lord.

Vociferate

VOCIF'ERATE, verb intransitive [Latin vocifero; vox and fero.] To cry out with vehemence; to exclaim.

Vociferate

VOCIF'ERATE, verb transitive To utter with a loud voice.

Vociferating

VOCIF'ERATING, participle of the present tense Crying out with vehemence; uttering with a loud voice.

Vociferation

VOCIFERA'TION, noun A violent outcry; vehement utterance of the voice.

Arbuthnot.

Vociferous

VOCIF'EROUS, adjective Making a loud outcry; clamorous; noisy; as vociferous heralds.

Chapman.

Vogue

VOGUE, n. vog. [French vogue, a rowing; Italian voga, a rowing, mode, fashion; vogare, to row; Spanish voga; vogar, to row. This word belongs to the family of Bg, Wg. See Wag and Way. The sense of vogue is way, or the going of the world.]

The way or fashion of people at any particular time; temporary mode, custom or practice; popular reception for the time. We say, a particular form of dress is now in vogue; an amusing writer is now in vogue; such opinions are now in vogue.

The phrase, the vogue of the world, used by good writers formerly, is nearly or quite obsolete.

Use may revive the obsoletest word,

And banish those that now are most in vogue.

Roscommon.

Voice

VOICE, noun [French voix; Latin vox; Italian voce; Spanish voz; Gaelic, bagh, a word; baigham, to speak to; Irish focal, a word; Sanscrit vach, to speak, Latin voco. The sense of the verb is to throw, to drive out sound; and voice is that which is driven out.]

1. Sound or audible noise uttered by the mouth, either of human beings or of other animals. We say, the voice of a man is loud or clear; the voice of a woman is soft or musical; the voice of a dog is loud or harsh; the voice of a bird is sweet or melodious. The voice of human beings is articulate; that of beasts, inarticulate. The voices of men are different, and when uttered together, are often dissonant.

2. Any sound made by the breath; as the trumpet's voice.

3. A vote; suffrage; opinion or choice expressed. Originally voice was the oral utterance of choice, but it now signifies any vote however given.

Some laws ordain, and some attend the choice

Of holy senates, and elect by voice.

Dryden.

I have no words;

My voice is in my sword.

Shak.

4. Language; words; expression.

Let us call on God in the voice of his church.

Fell.

5. In Scripture, command; precept.

Ye would not be obedient to the voice of the Lord your God. Deuteronomy 8.

6. Sound.

After the fire, a still small voice. 1 Kings 19.

Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? Job 40.

The floods have lifted up their voice. Psalm 93.

7. Language; tone; mode of expression.

I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice. Galatians 4.

8. In grammar, a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs; as the active voice; the passive voice.

Voice

VOICE, verb transitive To rumor; to report.

It was voiced that the king purposed to put to death Edward Plantagenet. [Little used.]

Shak.

2. To fit for producing the proper sounds; to regulate the tone of; as, to voice the pipes of an organ.

Ed. Encyc.

3. To vote.

Voice

VOICE, verb intransitive To clamor; to exclaim. Obs.

Bacon.

Voiced

VOIC'ED, participle passive Fitted to produce the proper tones.

2. adjective Furnished with a voice.

Denham.

Voiceless

VOICELESS, a. vois'less. Having no voice or vote.

Coke.

Void

VOID, adjective [French vuide; Italian voto; Latin viduus; Swedish ?de; German Danish Ãƒ-¶de, waste, which seems to be the wide; so waste and vast are from one root. It coincides with Greek, and the root of Latin divido, Arabic badda, to separate. Class Bd. No. 1. See also No. 48.]

1. Empty; vacant; not occupied with any visible matter; as a void space or place. 1 Kings 22.

2. Empty; without inhabitants or furniture. Genesis 1.

3. Having no legal or binding force; null; not effectual to bind parties, or to convey or support a right; not sufficient to produce its effect. Thus a deed not duly signed and sealed, is void. A fraudulent contract is void, or may be rendered void.

My word shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please. Isaiah 55.

I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem in this place. Jeremiah 19.

4. Free; clear; as a conscience void of offense. Acts 24.

5. Destitute; as void of learning; void of reason or common sense.

He that is void of wisdom, despiseth his neighbor. Proverbs 11.

6. Unsupplied; vacant; unoccupied; having no incumbent.

Divers offices that had been long void.

Camden.

7. Unsubstantial; vain.

Lifeless idol, void and vain.

Pope.

Void space, in physics, a vacuum.

To make void, to violate; to transgress.

They have made void thy law. Psalm 119.

2. To render useless or of no effect. Romans 4.

Void

VOID, noun An empty space; a vacuum.

Pride, where wit fails, steps in to our defense,

And fills up all the mighty void of sense.

Pope.

Th' illimitable void.

Thomson.

Void

VOID, verb transitive To quit; to leave.

Bid them come down,

Or void the field.

Shak.

2. To emit; to send out; to evacuate; as, to void excrementitious matter; to void worms.

3. To vacate; to annul; to nullify; to render of no validity or effect.

It had become a practiceÃ‚--to void the security given for money borrowed.

Clarendon.

4. To make or leave vacant.

Void

VOID, verb intransitive To be emitted or evacuated.

Wiseman.

Voidable

VOID'ABLE, adjective That may be annulled or made void, or that may be adjudged void, invalid or of no force.

Ã‚--Such administration is not void, but voidable by sentence.

Ayliffe.

2. That may be evacuated.

Voidance

VOID'ANCE, noun The act of emptying.

2. The act of ejecting from a benefice; ejection.

3. Vacancy; want of an incumbent.

Cyc.

4. Evasion; subterfuge.

Bacon.

Voided

VOID'ED, participle passive Thrust out; evacuated.

2. adjective In heraldry, having the inner or middle part cut out, as an ordinary.

Cyc.

Voider

VOID'ER, noun A basket in which broken meat is carried from the table.

Cleaveland.

2. One who evacuates.

3. One who nullifies.

4. In heraldry, one of the ordinaries, whose figure is much like that of the flanch or flasque.

5. In agriculture, a provincial name of a kind of shallow basket of open work.

England.

Voiding

VOID'ING, participle of the present tense Ejecting; evacuating.

2. Making or declaring void, or of no force.

3. Quitting; leaving.

4. adjective Receiving what is ejected; as a voiding lobby.

Shak.

Voidness

VOID'NESS, noun Emptiness; vacuity; destitution.

2. Nullity; inefficacy; want of binding force.

3. Want of substantiality.

Hakewill.

Voiture

VOI'TURE, noun [French id.; Italian vettura, from Latin vectus, veho.] Carriage. [Not English.]

Arbuthnot.

Volalkali

VOLAL'KALI, noun Volatile alkali; by contraction.

Kirwan, Geol.

Volant

VO'LANT, adjective [French flying, from voler, Latin volo, to fly.]

1. Flying; passing through the air; as volant automata.

Wilkins.

2. Nimble; active; as volant touch.

Milton.

3. In heraldry, represented as flying or having the wings spread.

Volatile

VOL'ATILE, adjective [French from Latin volatilis, from volo, to fly.]

1. Flying; passing through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the atmosphere.

2. Having the power to fly; as, birds are volatile animals.

Ray. Bacon.

3. Capable of wasting away, or of easily passing into the aeriform state. Thus substances which affect the smell with pungent or fragrant odors, as musk, hartshorn and essential oils, are called volatile substances, because they waste away on exposure to the atmosphere. Alcohol and ether are called volatile liquids for a similar reason, and because they easily pass into the state of vapor on the application of heat. On the contrary, gold is a fixed substance, because it does not suffer waste even when exposed to the heat of a furnace; and oils are called fixed, when they do not evaporate on simple exposure to the atmosphere.

4. Lively; gay; full of spirit; airy; hence, fickle; apt to change; as a volatile temper.

Watts.

You are as giddy and volatile as ever.

Swift.

Volatile

VOL'ATILE, noun A winged animal. [Little used.]

Brown.

Volatileness

VOL'ATILENESS, or VOLATIL'ITY, noun [French volatilitÃƒ-©.] Disposition to exhale or evaporate; the quality of being capable of evaporation; that property of a substance which disposes it to rise and float in the air, and thus to be dissipated; as the volatility of fluids. Ether is remarkable for its volatility. Many or most solid bodies are susceptible of volatility by the action of intense heat.

By the spirit of a plant we understand that pure elaborated oil, which by reason of its extreme volatility, exhales spontaneously, and in which the odor or smell consists.

Arbuthnot.

2. Great sprightliness; levity; liveliness; whence, mutability of mind; fickleness; as the volatility of youth.

Volatilization

VOLATILIZA'TION, noun [from volatilize.] The act or process of rendering volatile, or rather of causing to rise and float in the air.

Boyle.

Volatilize

VOL'ATILIZE, verb transitive [French volatiliser.] To render volatile; to cause to exhale or evaporate; to cause to pass off in vapor or invisible effluvia, and to rise and float in the air.

The waterÃ‚--dissolving the oil, and volatilizing it by the action.

Newton.

Volatilized

VOL'ATILIZED, participle passive Rendered volatile; caused to rise and float in air.

Volatilizing

VOL'ATILIZING, participle of the present tense Rendering volatile; causing to rise and float in air.

Volcanic

VOLCAN'IC, adjective [from volcano.] Pertaining to volcanoes; as volcanic heat.

2. Produced by a volcano; as volcanic tufa.

3. Changed or affected by the heat of a volcano.

Volcanist

VOL'CANIST, noun [from volcano.] One versed in the history and phenomena of volcanoes.

2. One who believes in the effects of eruptions of fire in the formation of mountains.

Volcanite

VOL'CANITE, noun A mineral, otherwise called augite.

Volcanity

VOLCAN'ITY, noun The state of being volcanic or of volcanic origin.

Volcanization

VOLCANIZA'TION, noun [from volcanize.] The process of undergoing volcanic heat and being affected by it.

Volcanize

VOL'CANIZE, verb transitive To subject to or cause to undergo volcanic heat and to be affected by its action.

Spallanzani.

Volcanized

VOL'CANIZED, participle passive Affected by volcanic heat.

Volcano

VOLCA'NO, noun [Italian from Vulcan.] In geology, an opening in the surface of the earth or in a mountain, from which smoke, flames, stones, lava or other substances are ejected. Such are seen in Etna and Vesuvius in Sicily and Italy, and Hecla in Iceland. It is vulgarly called a burning mountain. Herschel has discovered a volcano in the moon.

2. The mountain that ejects fire, smoke, &c.

Vole

VOLE, noun [French from voler, to fly.] A deal at cards that draws all the tricks.

Swift.

Volery

VO'LERY, noun [French volerie, from voler, to fly.]

1. A flight of birds.

Locke.

2. A large bird-cage, in which the birds have room to fly.

Cyc.

Volitation

VOLITA'TION, noun [Latin volito, dim. of volo, to fly.] The act of flying; flight.

Brown.

Volition

VOLI'TION, noun [Latin volitio, from volo, to will. See Will.]

1. The act of willing; the act of determining choice, or forming a purpose. There is a great difference between actual volition, and the approbation of judgment.

South.

Volition is the actual exercise of the power which the mind has of considering or forbearing to consider an idea.

Locke.

2. The power of willing or determining.

Volitive

VOL'ITIVE, adjective Having the power to will.

They not only perfect the intellectual faculty, but the volitive.

Hale.

Volley

VOL'LEY, noun plu. volleys. [French volÃƒ-©e, a flight, from voler, to fly, Latin volo.]

1. A flight of shot; the discharge of many small arms at once.

Waller.

2. A burst or emission of many things at once; as a volley of words.

Shak.

But rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks.

Pope.

Volley

VOL'LEY, verb transitive To discharge with a volley.

Volley

VOL'LEY, verb intransitive To throw out or discharge at once.

Shak.

Volleyed

VOL'LEYED, adjective [from volley.] Disploded; discharged with a sudden burst; as volleyed thunder.

Milton. Philips.

Volt

VOLT, noun [French volte, a ring; Italian volta, a turn; from Latin volutus, volvo.]

1. A round or circular tread; a gait of two treads, made by a horse going sideways round a center.

Far. Dict.

2. In fencing, a sudden movement or leap to avoid a thrust.

Volta, in Italian music, signifies that the part is to be repeated one, two or more times.

Voltaic

VOLTA'IC, adjective Pertaining to Volta, the discoverer of voltaism; as the voltaic pile.

Voltaic apparatus, the apparatus used for accumulating galvanic electricity. The agent itself is denominated galvanism, after its discoverer Galvani, while the instruments used for exciting and accumulating it, are called voltaic, in honor of Volta, who first contrived this kind of apparatus.

Voltaic pile, a column formed by successive pairs of metallic disks, as silver and zink, with moistened cloth between every two contiguous pairs.

Voltaic battery, the larger forms of voltaic apparatus, used for accumulating galvanic electricity.

Voltaism

VOL'TAISM, noun [from Volta, an Italian.] That branch of electrical science which has its source in the chimical action between metals and different liquids. It is more properly called galvanism, from Galvani, who first proved or brought into notice its remarkable influence on animals.

Volubilate

VOLU'BILATE, or VOL'UBILE, adjective In gardening, a volubilate stem is one that climbs by winding or twining round another body.

Cyc.

Volubility

VOLUBIL'ITY, noun [French volubilitÃƒ-©; Latin volubilitas, from volvo, to roll.]

1. The capacity of being rolled; aptness to roll; as the volubility of a bowl.

Watts.

2. The act of rolling.

By irregular volubility.

Hooker.

3. Ready motion of the tongue in speaking; fluency of speech.

She ran over the catalogue of diversions with such a volubility of tongue, as drew a gentle reprimand from her father.

Female Quixote.

4. Mutability; liableness to revolution; as the volubility of human affairs. [Unusual.]

L'Estrange.

Voluble

VOL'UBLE, adjective [Latin volubilis.] Formed so as to roll with ease, or to be easily set in motion; apt to roll; as voluble particles of matter.

Boyle.

2. Rolling; having quick motion.

This less voluble earth.

Milton.

3. Nimble; active; moving with ease and smoothness in uttering words; fluent; as a flippant, voluble tongue.

4. Fluent; flowing with ease and smoothness; as a voluble speech.

Shak.

5. Having fluency of speech.

Cassio, a knave very voluble.

Shak.

Volubly

VOL'UBLY, adverb In a rolling or fluent manner.

Hudibras.

Volume

VOL'UME, noun [French from Latin volumen, a roll; volvo, to roll. To make u long, in this word, is palpably wrong.]

1. Primarily a roll, as the ancients wrote on long strips of bark, parchment or other material, which they formed into rolls or folds. Of such volumes, Ptolemy's library in Alexandria contained 3 or 700,000.

2. A roll or turn; as much as is included in a roll or coil; as the volume of a serpent.

Dryden.

3. Dimensions; compass; space occupied; as the volume of an elephant's body; a volume of gas.

Darwin. Parke.

4. A swelling or spherical body.

The undulating billows rolling their silver volumes.

Irving.

5. A book; a collection of sheets of paper, usually printed or written paper, folded and bound, or covered. A book consisting of sheets once folded, is called a folio, or a folio volume; of sheets twice folded, a quarto; and thus according to the number of leaves in a sheet, it is called an octavo, or a duodecimo. The Scriptures or sacred writings, bound in a single volume, are called the Bible. The number of volumes in the Royal Library, in Rue de Richlieu, at Paris, is variously estimated. It is probable it may amount to 400,000.

An odd volume of a set of books, bears not the value of its proportion to the set.

Franklin.

6. In music, the compass of a voice from grave to acute; the tone or power of voice.

Busby.

Volumed

VOL'UMED, adjective Having the form of a volume or roll; as volumed mist.

Percy's Masque.

Voluminous

VOLU'MINOUS, adjective Consisting of many coils or complications.

The serpent roll'd voluminous and vast.

Milton.

2. Consisting of many volumes or books. The collections of Muratori and of the Byzantine history, are very voluminous.

3. Having written much, or made many volumes; as a voluminons writer.

4. Copious; diffusive. He was too voluminous in discourse. [Not in use.]

Voluminously

VOLU'MINOUSLY, adverb In many volumes; very copiously.

Granville.

Voluminousness

VOLU'MINOUSNESS, noun State of being bulky or in many volumes.

Volumist

VOL'UMIST, noun One who writes a volume; an author. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Voluntarily

VOL'UNTARILY, adverb [from voluntary.] Spontaneously; of one's own will; without being moved, influenced or impelled by others.

To be agents voluntarily in our own destruction, is against God and nature.

Hooker.

Voluntariness

VOL'UNTARINESS, noun The state of being voluntary or optional.

Voluntary

VOL'UNTARY, adjective [French volontaire; Latin voluntarius, from voluntas, will, from volo.]

1. Acting by choice or spontaneously; acting without being influenced or impelled by another.

2. Free, or having power to act by choice; not being under restraint; as, man is a voluntary agent.

Hooker.

3. Proceeding from choice or free will.

That sin or guilt pertains exclusively to voluntary action, is the true principle of orthodoxy.

N. Welsh Taylor.

4. Willing; acting with willingness.

She fell to lust a voluntary prey.

Pope.

5. Done by design; purposed; intended. If a man kills another by lopping a tree, here is no voluntary murder.

6. Done freely, or of choice; proceeding from free will. He went into voluntary exile. He made a voluntary surrender.

7. Acting of his own accord; spontaneous; as the voluntary dictates of knowledge.

8. Subject to the will; as the voluntary motions of an animal. Thus the motion of a leg or an arm is voluntary, but the motion of the heart is involuntary.

A voluntary escape, in law, is the escape of a prisoner by the express consent of the sherif.

Voluntary jurisdiction, is that which is exercised in doing that which no one opposes; as in granting dispensations, &c.

Voluntary affidavit or oath, is one made in an extra-judicial matter.

Voluntary waste, is that which is committed by positive acts.

Voluntary

VOL'UNTARY, noun One who engages in any affair of his own free will; a volunteer. [In this sense, volunteer is now generally used.]

2. In music, a piece played by a musician extemporarily, according to his fancy. In the Philosophical Transactions, we have a method of writing voluntaries, as fast as the musician plays the notes. This is by a cylinder turning under the keys of the organ.

Cyc.

3. A composition for the organ.

Volunteer

VOLUNTEE'R, noun [French volontaire.] A person who enters into military or other service of his own free will. In military affairs, volunteers enter into service voluntarily, but when in service they are subject to discipline and regulations like other soldiers. They sometimes serve gratuitously, but often receive a compensation.

Volunteer

VOLUNTEE'R, adjective Entering into service of free will; as volunteer companies.

Volunteer

VOLUNTEE'R, verb transitive To offer or bestow voluntarily, or without solicitation or compulsion; as, to volunteer one's services.

Volunteer

VOLUNTEE'R, verb intransitive To enter into any service of one's free will, without solicitation or compulsion. He volunteered in that undertaking.

[These verbs are in respectable use.]

Voluptuary

VOLUP'TUARY, noun [Latin voluptuarius, from voluptas, pleasure.]

A man addicted to luxury or the gratification of the appetite, and to other sensual pleasures.

Atterbury.

Voluptuous

VOLUP'TUOUS, adjective [French voluptueux; Latin voluptuosus.]

Given to the enjoyments of luxury and pleasure; indulging to excess in sensual gratifications.

Soften'd with pleasure and voluptuous life.

Milton.

Voluptuously

VOLUP'TUOUSLY, adverb Luxuriously; with free indulgence of sensual pleasures; as, to live voluptuously.

Voluptuousness

VOLUP'TUOUSNESS, noun Luxuriousness; addictedness to pleasure or sensual gratification.

Where no voluptuousness, yet all delight.

Donne.

Volutation

VOLUTA'TION, noun [Latin volutatio, from voluto, from volvo, to wallow.]

A wallowing; a rolling of the body on the earth. [See Wallow.]

Volute

VOLU'TE, noun [French volute; Italian voluta; from Latin volutus, volvo.]

1. In architecture, a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and Composite capitals, of which it is a principal ornament. The number of volutes in the Ionic order, is four; in the Composite, eight. There are also eight angular volutes in the Corinthian capital, accompanied with eight smaller ones, called helices.

Cyc.

2. In natural history, a genus of shells.

Say.

Volution

VOLU'TION, noun A spiral turn.

Volutite

VOL'UTITE, noun A petrified shell of the genus Voluta.

Jameson.

Volvic

VOL'VIC, adjective Denoting a species of stone or lava.

Vomic

VOM'IC, adjective The vomic nut, nux vomica, is the seed of the Strychnos nux vomica, a native of the East Indies. It is a very active poison.

Cyc.

Vomica

VOM'ICA, noun [Latin] An encysted tumor on the lungs.

Arbuthnot.

Vomit

VOM'IT, verb intransitive [Latin vomo; French vomir; Italian vomire; Sanscrit vamathu. Probably the Greek is the same word, with the loss of its first letter.]

To eject the contents of the stomach by the mouth. Some persons vomit with ease, as do cats and dogs. But horses do not vomit.

Cyc.

Vomit

VOM'IT, verb transitive To throw up or eject from the stomach; to discharge from the stomach through the mouth. It is followed often by up or out, but without necessity and to the injury of the language. In the yellow fever, the patients often vomit dark colored matter, like coffee grounds.

The fish vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. Jonah 2.

2. To eject with violence from any hollow place. Volcanoes vomit flames, ashes, stones and liquid lava.

Vomit

VOM'IT, noun The matter ejected from the stomach.

Sandys.

2. That which excites the stomach to discharge its contents; an emetic.

Black vomit, the dark colored matter ejected from the stomach in the last stage of the yellow fever or other malignant disease; hence, the yellow fever, vulgarly so called.

Vomited

VOM'ITED, participle passive Ejected from the stomach through the mouth, or from any deep place through an opening.

Vomiting

VOM'ITING, participle of the present tense Discharging from the stomach through the mouth, or ejecting from any deep place.

Vomiting

VOM'ITING, noun The act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth. Vomiting is an inverted action of the stomach.

Cyc.

2. The act of throwing out substances with violence from a deep hollow, as a volcano, &c.

Vomition

VOMI'TION, noun The act or power of vomiting.

Grew.

Vomitive

VOM'ITIVE, adjective [French vomitif.] Causing the ejection of matter from the stomach; emetic.

Brown.

Vomitory

VOM'ITORY, adjective [Latin vomitorius.] Procuring vomits; causing to eject from the stomach; emetic.

Brown.

Vomitory

VOM'ITORY, noun An emetic.

Harvey.

2. A door.

Gibbon.

Voracious

VORA'CIOUS, adjective [French Italian vorace; Latin vorax, from voro, to devour; Hebrew Chaldee to clear away, to consume; Greek, food. Class Br. No. 6.]

1. Greedy for eating; ravenous; very hungry; as a voracious man or appetite.

2. Rapacious; eager to devour; as voracious animals.

3. Ready to swallow up; as a voracious gulf or whirlpool.

Voraciously

VORA'CIOUSLY, adverb With greedy appetite; ravenously.

Voraciousness

VORA'CIOUSNESS, noun Greediness of appetite; ravenousness; eagerness to devour; rapaciousness.

Voracity

VORAC'ITY, noun Greediness of appetite; voraciousness.

Creatures by their voracity pernicious, have commonly fewer young.

Derham.

Voraginous

VORAG'INOUS, adjective [Latin voraginosus, vorago.] Full of gulfs.

Scott.

Vortex

VOR'TEX, noun plu. vortices or vortexes. [Latin from verto, Ant. vorto, to turn.]

1. A whirlpool; a whirling or circular motion of water, forming a kind of cavity in the center of the circle, and in some instances, drawing in water or absorbing other things.

2. A whirling of the air; a whirlwind.

Cyc.

3. In the Cartesian system, the circular motion originally impressed on the particles of matter, carrying them around their own axes, and around a common center. By means of these vortices, Descartes attempted to account for the formation of the universe.

Vortical

VOR'TICAL, adjective Whirling; turning; as a vortical motion.

Newton. Bentley.

Votaress

VO'TARESS, noun A female devoted to any service, worship or state of life.

No rosary this votaress needs.

Cleaveland.

Votarist

VO'TARIST, noun [See Votary.] One devoted or given up to any person or thing, to any service, worship or pursuit.

I am no idle votarist.

Shak.

[Votary is now used.]

Votary

VO'TARY, adjective [from Latin votus, from voveo. See Vow.]

Devoted; promised; consecrated by a vow or promise; consequent on a vow.

Votary resolution is made equipollent to custom.

Bacon.

Votary

VO'TARY, noun One devoted, consecrated or engaged by a vow or promise; hence more generally, one devoted, given or addicted to some particular service, worship, study or state of life. Every goddess of antiquity had her votaries. Every pursuit or study has now its votaries. One is a votary to mathematics, another is a votary to music, and alas, a great portion of the world are votaries of sensual pleasures.

It was the coldness of the votary, not the prayer, which was in fault.

Fell.

Vote

VOTE, noun [Italian Spanish voto; Latin votum, from voveo, to vow. Votum is properly wish or will.]

1. Suffrage; the expression of a wish, desire, will, preference or choice, in regard to any measure proposed, in which the person voting has an interest in common with others, either in electing a man to office, or in passing laws, rules, regulations and the like. This vote or expression of will may be given by holding up the hand, by rising and standing up, by the voice, (viva voce,) by ballot, by a ticket or otherwise. All these modes and others are used. Hence

2. That by which will or preference is expressed in elections, or in deciding propositions; a ballot; a ticket, &c.; as a written vote.

3. Expression of will by a majority; legal decision by some expression of the minds of a number; as, the vote was unanimous.

4. United voice in public prayer.

Vote

VOTE, verb intransitive To express or signify the mind, will or preference, in electing men to office, or in passing laws, regulations and the like, or in deciding on any proposition in which one has an interest with others. In elections, men are bound to vote for the best men to fill offices, according to their best knowledge and belief.

To vote for a duelist, is to assist in the prostration of justice, and indirectly to encourage the crime.

Latin Beecher.

Vote

VOTE, verb transitive To choose by suffrage; to elect by some expression of will; as, the citizens voted their candidate into office with little opposition.

2. To enact or establish by vote or some expression of will. The legislature voted the resolution unanimously.

3. To grant by vote or expression of will.

Parliament voted them a hundred thousand pounds.

Swift.

Voted

VO'TED, participle passive Expressed by vote or suffrage; determined.

Voter

VO'TER, noun One who has a legal right to vote or give his suffrage.

Voting

VO'TING, participle of the present tense Expressing the mind, will or preference in election, or in determining questions proposed; giving a vote or suffrage; electing, deciding, giving or enacting by vote.

Votive

VO'TIVE, adjective [French votif; Latin votivus, from votus, vowed.]

Given by vow; devoted; as votive offerings. Votive medals, are those on which vows of the people for emperors or empresses are expressed.

Venus, take my votive glass.

Prior.

Vouch

VOUCH, verb transitive [Norm. voucher; Latin voco. See Voice.]

1. To call to witness; to obtest.

And vouch the silent stars and conscious moon.

Dryden.

2. To declare; to affirm; to attest; to warrant; to maintain by affirmations.

They made him ashamed to vouch the truth of the relation, and afterward to credit it.

Atterbury.

2. To warrant; to confirm; to establish proof.

The consistency of the discourseÃ‚--vouches it to be worthy of the great apostle.

Locke.

4. In law, to call into court to warrant and defend, or to make good a warranty of title.

He vouches the tenant in tail, who vouches over the common vouchee.

Blackstone.

Vouch

VOUCH, verb intransitive To bear witness; to give testimony or full attestation. I cannot vouch for the truth of the report.

He declares he will not believe her, till the elector of Hanover shall vouch for the truth of what she has so solemnly affirmed.

Swift.

Vouch

VOUCH, noun Warrant; attestation.

Shak.

Vouched

VOUCH'ED, participle passive Called to witness; affirmed or fully attested; called into court to make good a warranty.

Vouchee

VOUCHEE', noun In law, the person who is vouched or called into court to support or make good his warranty of title in the process of common recovery.

Blackstone.

Voucher

VOUCH'ER, noun One who gives witness or full attestation to any thing.

The great writers of that age stand up together as vouchers for each other's reputation.

Spectator.

2. In law, the act of calling in a person to make good his warranty of title.

3. A book, paper or document which serves to vouch the truth of accounts, or to confirm and establish facts of any kind. The merchant's books are his vouchers for the correctness of his accounts. Notes, bonds, receipts and other writings, are used as vouchers in proving facts.

Voucher

VOUCH'ER, or VOUCH'OR, noun In law, the tenant in a writ of right; one who calls in another to establish his warranty of title. In common recoveries, there may be a single voucher, or double vouchers.

Blackstone.

Vouching

VOUCH'ING, participle of the present tense Calling to witness; attesting by affirmation; calling in to maintain warranty of title.

Vouchsafe

VOUCHSA'FE, verb transitive [vouch and safe; to vouch or answer for safety.]

1. To permit to be done without danger.

2. To condescend to grant.

Shall I vouchsafe your worship a word or two?

Shak.

It is not said by the apostle that God vouchsafed to the heathen the means of salvation.

South.

Vouchsafe

VOUCHSA'FE, verb intransitive To condescend; to deign; to yield.

Vouchsafe, illustrious Ormond, to behold

What pow'r the charms of beauty had of old.

Dryden.

Vouchsafed

VOUCHSA'FED, participle passive Granted in condescension.

Vouchsafement

VOUCHSA'FEMENT, noun Grant in condescension; as, God's greatest communicated vouchsafements.

Boyle.

Vouchsafing

VOUCHSA'FING, participle of the present tense Condescending to grant; deigning.

Vow

VOW, noun [French voeu; Italian voto; Latin votum, from voveo, to vow; probably a contracted word.]

1. A solemn promise made to God, or by a pagan to his deity. The Roman generals when they went to war, sometimes made a vow that they would build a temple to some favorite deity, if he would give them victory. A vow is a promise of something to be given or done hereafter.

A person is constituted a religious by taking three vows, of chastity, of poverty, and of obedience. Among the Israelites, the vows of children were not binding, unless ratified by the express or tacit consent of their father. Numbers 30.

2. A solemn promise; as the vows of unchangeable love and fidelity. In a moral and religious sense, vows are promises to God, as they appeal to God to witness their sincerity, and the violation of them is a most hainous offense.

Vow

VOW, verb transitive [French vouer; Latin voveo.] To give, consecrate or dedicate to God by a solemn promise. When Jacob went to Mesopotamia, he vowed to God a tenth of his substance, and his own future devotion to his service. Genesis 28.

When thou vowest a vow, defer not to pay it. Ecclesiastes 5.

2. To devote.

Spenser.

Vow

VOW, verb intransitive To make vows or solemn promises. He that vows, must be careful to perform.

Vowed

VOW'ED, participle passive Solemnly promised to God; given or consecrated by solemn promise.

Vowel

VOW'EL, noun [Latin vocalis, from voco; French voyelle; Italian vocale.]

1. In grammar, a simple sound; a sound uttered by simply opening the mouth or organs; as the sound of a, e, o.

2. The letter or character which represents a simple sound.

Vowel

VOW'EL, adjective Pertaining to a vowel; vocal.

Voweled

VOW'ELED, adjective Furnished with vowels.

Vower

VOW'ER, noun One who makes a vow.

Vow-Fellow

VOW'-FELLOW, noun [vow and fellow.] One bound by the same vow. [Little used.]

Vowing

VOW'ING, participle of the present tense Making a vow.

Voyage

VOY'AGE, noun [French from voie, or the same root, way, Saxon woeg, weg. See Wag and Way.]

1. A passing by sea or water from one place, port or country to another, especially a passing or journey by water to a distant place or country. Captain Latin made more than a hundred voyages to the West Indies. A voyage over lake Superior is like a voyage to Bermuda.

2. The practice of traveling. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Voyage

VOY'AGE, verb intransitive To sail or pass by water.

Pope.

Voyage

VOY'AGE, verb transitive To travel; to pass over.

I with pain

Voyag'd th' unreal, vast, unbounded deep.

Milton.

Voyager

VOY'AGER, noun One who sails or passes by sea or water.

A private voyager I pass the main.

Pope.

Vulcanist

VULCANIST. [See Volcanist.]

Vulcano

VULCANO. [See Volcano.]

Vulgar

VUL'GAR, adjective [French vulgaire; Italian vulgare; Latin vulgaris, from vulgus, the common people, that is, the crowd, folk.]

1. Pertaining to the common unlettered people; as vulgar life.

2. Used or practiced by common people; as vulgar sports.

3. Vernacular; national.

It might be more useful to the English reader, to write in our vulgar language.

Fell.

4. Common; used by all classes of people; as the vulgar version of the Scriptures.

5. Public; as vulgar report.

6. Mean; rustic; rude; low; unrefined; as vulgar minds; vulgar manners.

7. Consisting of common persons.

In reading an account of a battle, we follow the hero with our whole attention, but seldom reflect on the vulgar heaps of slaughter.

Rambler.

Vulgar fractions, in arithmetic, fractions expressed by a numerator and denominator; thus 2/5.

Vulgar

VUL'GAR, noun The common people. [It has no plural termination, but has often a plural verb.]

The vulgar imagine the pretender to have been a child imposed on the nation.

Swift.

Vulgarism

VUL'GARISM, noun Grossness of manners; vulgarity. [Little used.]

2. A vulgar phrase or expression. [This is the usual sense of the word.]

Vulgarity

VULGAR'ITY, noun Mean condition in life; the state of the lower classes of society.

Brown.

2. Grossness or clownishness of manners or language; as vulgarity of behavior; vulgarity of expression or language.

Dryden.

Vulgarize

VUL'GARIZE, verb transitive To make vulgar.

Foster.

Vulgarly

VUL'GARLY, adverb Commonly; in the ordinary manner among the common people.

Such an one we vulgarly call a desperate person.

Hammond.

2. Meanly; rudely; clownishly.

Vulgate

VUL'GATE, noun A very ancient Latin version of the Scriptures, and the only one which the Romish church admits to be authentic. It is so called from its common use in the Latin church.

Cyc.

Vulgate

VUL'GATE, adjective Pertaining to the old Latin version of the Scriptures.

Vulnerable

VUL'NERABLE, adjective [French from Latin vulnero, to wound, from vulnus, a wound.]

1. That may be wounded; susceptible of wounds or external injuries; as a vulnerable body.

Achilles was vulnerable in his heel; and there will never be wanting a Paris to infix the the dart.

Dwight.

2. Liable to injury; subject to be affected injuriously; as a vulnerable reputation.

Vulnerary

VUL'NERARY, adjective [French vulneraire; Latin vulnerarius.]

Useful in healing wounds; adapted to the cure of external injuries; as vulnerary plants or potions.

Cyc.

Vulnerary

VUL'NERARY, noun Any plant, drug or composition, useful in the cure of wounds. Certain unguents, balsams and the like, are used as vulneraries.

Vulnerate

VUL'NERATE, verb transitive [Latin vulnero.] To wound; to hurt. [Not in use.]

Glanville.

Vulneration

VULNERA'TION, noun The act of wounding. [Not in use.]

Pearson.

Vulpine

VUL'PINE, adjective [Latin vulpinus, from vulpes, a fox. Vulpes is our English wolf, the same word applied to a different animal.]

Pertaining to the fox; cunning; crafty; artful.

Vulpinite

VUL'PINITE, noun [from Vulpino, in Italy.] A mineral of a grayish white color, splendent and massive; its fracture foliated. It consists of the sulphate of lime and silica.

Ure.

Vultur

VUL'TUR, or VUL'TURE, noun [Latin vultur.] A genus of fowls, belonging to the order of Accipiters. The bill is straight, but hooked at the end, and covered at the base by a cere or skin. The head is naked. There are thirteen species, all carnivorous and rapacious. The vultur is one of the largest kinds of fowls, and the condor of South America, one of this family, is the largest species of flying animals that has been discovered.

Cyc.

Vulturine

VUL'TURINE, adjective [Latin vulturinus.] Belonging to the vultur; having the qualities of the vultur; resembling the vultur; rapacious.

W

W

W is the twenty third letter of the English Alphabet. It takes its written form and its name from the union of two V's, this being the form of the Roman capital letter which we call U. The name, double u, being given to it from its form or composition, and not from its sound, ought not to be retained. Every letter should be named from its sound, especially the vowels. W is properly a vowel, a simple sound, formed by opening the mouth with a close circular configuration of the lips. It is precisely the ou of the French, and the u of the Spaniards, Italians and Germans. With the other vowels it forms diphthongs, which are of easy pronunciation; as in well, want, will, dwell; pronounced ooell, ooant, ooill, dooell. In English, it is always followed by another vowel, except when followed by h, as is when; but this case is an exception only in writing, and not in pronunciation, for h precedes w in utterance; when being pronounced hooen. In Welsh, w, which is sounded as in English, is used without another vowel, as in fwl, a fool; dwn, dun; dwb, mortar; gwn, a gun, and a gown.

It is not improbable that the Romans pronounced v as we do w, for their volvo is our wallow; and volo, velle, is the English will, German wollen. But this is uncertain. The German v has the sound of the English f, and w that of the English v.

W, at the end of words, is often silent after a and o, as in law, saw, low, sow. In many words of this kind, w represents the Saxon g; in other cases, it helps to form a diphthong, as in now, vow, new, strew.

Wabble

WAB'BLE, verb intransitive [Welsh gwibiaw, to wander, to move in a circular form.]

To move from one side to the other; to vacillate; as a turning or whirling body. So it is said a top wabbles, when it is in motion, and deviates from a perpendicular direction; a spindle wabbles, when it moves one way and the other. [This word is applied chiefly to bodies when turning with a circular motion, and its place cannot be supplied by any other word in the language. It is neither low nor barbarous.]

Wacke

WACK'E, or WACK'Y, noun A rock nearly allied to basalt, of which it may be regarded as a more soft and earthy variety. Its color is a greenish gray, brown or black. It is opake, yields easily to the knife, and has a greasy feel. Its principal ingredient is silex. Gray wacky is a different species of rock, being a kind of sandstone.

Cyc.

Wacky is a mineral substance intermediate between clay and basalt.

Ure.

Wad

WAD, noun [German watte; Danish vat, a wad; that is, a mass or collection.]

1. A little mass of some soft or flexible material, such as hay, straw, tow, paper, or old rope-yarn, used for stopping the charge of powder in a gun and pressing it close to the shot, or for keeping the powder and shot close.

2. A little mass, tuft or bundle, as of hay or peas.

Wad

WAD, or WADD, noun In mineralogy, black wadd is a species of the ore of manganese, of which there are four kinds; fibrous, ochery, pulverulent ochery, and dendritic. In some places, plumbago or black lead is called wad or wadd.

Cyc.

Wadded

WAD'DED, adjective Formed into a wad or mass.

Wadding

WAD'DING, noun [German watte.] A wad, or the materials for wads; any pliable substance of which wads may be made.

2. A kind of soft stuff of loose texture, used for stuffing garments.

Waddle

WAD'DLE, verb intransitive [This seems to be a diminutive formed on the root of wade, Latin vado, to go; German waten, to wade; watscheln, to waddle.]

1. To move one way and the other in walking; to deviate to one side and the other; to vacillate; as, a child waddles when he begins to walk; very fat people walk with a kind of waddling pace. So we say, a duck or a goose waddles.

2. To walk with a waddling motion.

And hardly waddles forth to coolÃ‚--

Swift.

Waddling

WAD'DLING, participle of the present tense Moving from side to side in walking.

Waddlingly

WAD'DLINGLY, adverb With a vacillating gait.

Entick.

Wade

WADE, verb intransitive [Swedish vada; Dutch waaden; German waten; Danish vader; French gueer, for gueder; Italian guadare; Spanish vadear, Latin vado, to go.]

1. To walk through any substance that yields to the feet; as, to wade through water; to wade through sand or snow. To wade over a river, is to walk through on the bottom. Fowls that wade have long legs.

2. To move or pass with difficulty or labor; as, judges wade through an intricate law case. It is not my purpose to wade through these controversies.

The king's admirable conduct has waded through all these difficulties.

Davenant.

Ã‚--And wades through fumes, and gropes his way.

Dryden.

Wade

WADE, verb transitive To pass by walking on the bottom; as, to wade a river. [This is a common expression, but elliptical for to wade through a river.]

Wading

WA'DING, participle of the present tense Walking through a substance that yields to the feet, as through water or sand.

Wadsett

WAD'SETT, noun An ancient tenure or lease of land in the Highlands of Scotland, which seems to have been upon a kind of mortgage. [Saxon woed, wed, a pledge.]

Cyc.

Wadsetter

WAD'SETTER, noun One who holds by wadsett.

Cyc.

Wafer

WA'FER, noun [Dutch wafel; German waffel; Danish vaffel; Swedish vÃƒ-¥ffla; Russian vaphel; French gauffre.]

1. A thin cake or leaf; as a wafer of bread given by the Romanists in the eucharist.

2. A thin leaf of paste, or a composition of flour, the white of eggs, isinglass and yeast, spread over with gum-water and dried; used in sealing letters.

Wafer

WA'FER, verb transitive To seal or close with a wafer.

Waft

W`AFT, verb transitive [perhaps from wave; if so, it belongs to the root of wag.]

1. To bear through a fluid or buoyant medium; to convey through water or air; as, a balloon was wafted over the channel.

Speed the soft intercourse from soul to soul,

And waft a sigh from Indus to the pole.

Pope.

2. To convey; as ships.

Cyc.

3. To buoy; to cause to float; to keep from sinking.

Brown.

4. To beckon; to give notice by something in motion. [Not in use.]

[This verb is regular. But waft was formerly used by some writers for wafted.]

Waft

W`AFT, verb intransitive To float; to be moved or to pass in a buoyant medium.

And now the shouts waft near the citadel.

Dryden.

Waft

W`AFT, noun A floating body; also, a signal displayed from a ship's stern, by hoisting an ensign furled in a roll, to the head of the staff.

Cyc.

Waftage

W`AFTAGE, noun Conveyance or transportation through a buoyant medium, as air or water. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wafted

W`AFTED, participle passive Borne or conveyed through air or water.

Wafter

W`AFTER, noun He or that which wafts; a passage boat.

2. The conductor of vessels at sea; an old word.

Wafting

W`AFTING, participle of the present tense Carrying through a buoyant medium.

Wafture

W`AFTURE, noun The act of waving. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wag

WAG, verb transitive [Saxon wagian and wecgan; German bewegen; Dutch beweegen, to move, to stir; weegen, to weigh; German wÃƒ-¤gen, to weigh; Swedish v?ga, Danish vajer, to wag, to weigh. This is the radix of the Latin vacillo, fickle, wagon, wain, way, wave, waggle, &c.]

To move one way and the other with quick turns; to move a little way, and then turn the other way; as, to wag the head.

Every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. Jeremiah 18. Matthew 27.

[Wag expresses particularly the motion of the head and body used in buffoonery, mirth, derision, sport and mockery. It is applied also to birds and beasts; as, to wag the tail.]

Wag

WAG, verb intransitive To be quick in ludicrous motion; to stir.

'Tis merry in hall, where beards wag all.

Shak.

Tremble and start at wagging of a straw.

Shak.

2. To go; to depart; to pack off.

I will provoke him to't, or let him wag.

Shak.

3. To be moved one way and the other.

The resty sieve wagg'd ne'er the more.

Dryden.

Wag

WAG, noun [from the verb.] A droll; a man full of low sport and humor; a ludicrous fellow.

We wink at wags, when they offend.

Dryden.

The counsellor never pleaded without a piece of packthread in his hand, which he used to twist about his finger all the while he was speaking; the wags used to call it the thread of his discourse.

Addison.

Wage

WAGE, verb transitive [German wagen; Dutch waagen; Swedish vÃƒ-¥ga, to venture, to dare, to wage; French gager, for guager, to lay or bet; from the root of wag. The sense is to throw, to lay or throw down, as a glove or gauntlet.]

1. To lay; to bet; to throw down, as a pledge; to stake; to put at hazard on the event of a contest. This is the common popular sense of the word in New England; as, to wage a dollar; to wage a horse.

2. To venture; to hazard.

To wake and wage a danger profitless.

Shak.

3. To make; to begin; to carry on; that is, to go forward or advance to attack, as in invasion or aggression; used in the phrase, to wage war. He waged war with all his enemies.

He ponder'd, which of all his sons was fit

To reign, and wage immortal war with wit.

Dryden.

4. To set to hire.

Thou must wage

Thy works for wealth.

Spenser.

[Not in use.]

5. To take to hire; to hire for pay; to employ for wages; as waged soldiers. He was well waged and rewarded. [French] Obs.

Raleigh.

To wage one's law, to give security to make one's law. The defendant is then to swear that he owes nothing to the plaintif, and eleven neighbors, called compurgators, are to avow upon their oaths, that they believe in their consciences that he has declared the truth. This is called wager of law.

Blackstone.

Waged

WA'GED, participle passive Laid; deposited; as a pledge; made or begun, as war.

Wager

WA'GER, noun Something deposited, laid or hazarded on the event of a contest or some unsettled question; a bet.

Besides these plates for horse-races, the wagers may be as the persons please.

Temple.

If any atheist can stake his soul for a wager against such an inexhaustible disproportionÃ‚--

Bentley.

2. Subject on which bets are laid.

Sidney.

3. In law, an offer to make oath of innocence or non-indebtedness; or the act of making oath, together with the oaths of eleven compurgators, to fortify the defendant's oath.

Wager of battle, is when the tenant in a writ of right, offers to prove his right by the body of his champion, and throwing down his glove as a gage or pledge, thus wages or stipulates battle with the champion of the demandant, who by taking up the glove, accepts the challenge. The champions, armed with batons, enter the list, and taking each other by the hand, each swears to the justice of the cause of the party for whom he appears; they then fight till the stars appear, and if the champion of the tenant can defend himself till that time, his cause prevails.

Blackstone.

Wager

WA'GER, verb transitive To lay; to bet; to hazard on the issue of a contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on some casualty.

Dryden.

Wagered

WA'GERED, participle passive Laid; pledged; as a bet.

Wagerer

WA'GERER, noun One who wagers or lays a bet.

Wagering

WA'GERING, participle of the present tense Laying; betting.

Wagering policy, in commerce, a policy of insurance, insuring a sum of money when no property is at hazard; as a policy to insure money on a ship when no property is on board; that is, insurance, interest or no interest: or a wagering policy may be a policy to insure property which is already insured. Such policies in England, are by Stature 19 Geo. III. made null and void.

Wages

WA'GES, noun plural in termination, but singular in signification. [French gage, gages.]

1. Hire; reward; that which is paid or stipulated for services, but chiefly for services by manual labor, or for military and naval services. We speak of servant's wages, a laborer's wages, or soldier's wages; but we never apply the word to the rewards given to men in office, which are called fees or salary. The word is however sometimes applied to the compensation given to representatives in the legislature. [U. States.]

Tell me, what shall thy wages be? Genesis 29.

Be content with your wages. Luke 3.

2. Reward; fruit; recompense; that which is given or received in return.

The wages of sin is death. Romans 6.

Waggel

WAG'GEL, or WAG'EL, noun A name given in Cornwall to the martinazzo, dung-hunter, or dung-bird, a species of Larus or sea-gull, (Latin parasiticus.)

Cyc. Dict. Nat. Hist. Ed. Encyc.

Waggery

WAG'GERY, noun [from wag.] Mischievous merriment; sportive trick or gayety; sarcasm in good humor; as the waggery of a school boy.

Locke.

Waggish

WAG'GISH, adjective Mischievous in sport; roguish in merriment or good humor; frolicksome; as a company of waggish boys.

L'Estrange.

2. Done, made or laid in waggery or for sport; as a waggish trick.

Waggishly

WAG'GISHLY, adverb In a waggish manner; in sport.

Waggishness

WAG'GISHNESS, noun Mischievous sport; wanton merriment.

Bacon.

Waggle

WAG'GLE, verb intransitive [Dutch waggelen; German wackeln; Latin vacillo; dim. of wag.]

To waddle; to reel or move from side to side.

Why do you go nodding and waggling so?

L'Estrange.

Waggle

WAG'GLE, verb transitive To move one way and the other; as, a bird waggles its tail.

Wagon

WAG'ON, noun [Dutch German wagen; Swedish vagn; Saxon woegn, woen; Welsh gwain, a wagon, wain or sheath, Latin vagina, the latter being from wag, and signifying a passage; Gaelic, baighin, a wagon; Malabar, uagaham; Sanscrit wahana. The old orthography, waggon, seems to be falling into disuse. See Wag.]

1. A vehicle moved on four wheels, and usually drawn by horses; used for the transportation of heavy commodities. In America, light wagons are used for the conveyance of families, and for carrying light commodities to market, particularly a very light kind drawn by one horse.

2. A chariot. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Wagon

WAG'ON, verb transitive To transport in a wagon. Goods are wagoned from London to the interior.

Wagon

WAG'ON, verb intransitive To practice the transportation of goods in a wagon. The man wagons between Philadelphia and Pittsburg.

Wagonage

WAG'ONAGE, noun Money paid for carriage in a wagon.

Wagoner

WAG'ONER, noun One who conducts a wagon.

2. A constellation, Charles' wain.

Wagoning

WAG'ONING, participle of the present tense Transporting in a wagon.

Wagoning

WAG'ONING, noun The business of transporting in a wagon.

Wagtail

WAG'TAIL, noun [wag and tail.] A small bird, a species of Motacilla.

Waid

WAID, adjective Crushed. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Waif

WAIF, noun [Norm. wef, weif; from waive.] Goods found, of which the owner is not known. These were originally such goods as a thief, when pursued, threw away to prevent being apprehended. They belong to the king, unless the owner makes fresh suit of the felon, takes him and brings him to justice.

Blackstone.

Wail

WAIL, verb transitive [Icelandic voela; Italian guaiolare; Gaelic, guilam or uaill; Welsh gwylaw and wylaw; Armoric goela, to howl; Hebrew Arabic.]

To lament; to moan; to bewail.

Or if no more her absent lord she wailsÃ‚--

Pope.

Wail

WAIL, verb intransitive To weep; to express sorrow audibly.

Therefore I will wail and howl. Micah 1.

Wail

WAIL, noun Loud weeping; violent lamentation.

Wailful

WA'ILFUL, adjective Sorrowful; mournful.

Shak.

Wailing

WA'ILING, participle of the present tense Lamenting with audible cries.

Wailing

WA'ILING, noun Loud cries of sorrow; deep lamentation.

There shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Matthew 13.

Wailment

WA'ILMENT, noun Lamentation.

Hacket.

Wain

WAIN, noun [Saxon woen, Welsh gwain; contracted. See Wagon.]

1. A wagon; a carriage for the transportation of goods on wheels.

2. A constellation, Charles' wain.

Wainage

WA'INAGE, noun A finding of carriages.

Ainsworth.

Wain-Bote

WA'IN-BOTE, noun Timber for wagons or carts.

Law.

Wain-House

WA'IN-HOUSE, noun A house or shed for wagons and carts. [Local.]

Cyc.

Wain-Rope

WA'IN-ROPE, noun A rope for binding a load on a wagon; a cart-rope.

Shak.

Wainscot

WA'INSCOT, noun [Dutch wagenschot.] In building, timber-work serving to line the walls of a room, being made in panels.

Wainscot

WA'INSCOT, verb transitive To line with boards; as, to wainscot a hall.

Music sounds better in chambers wainscoted than hanged.

Bacon.

2. To line with different materials.

The other is wainscoted with looking-glass.

Addison.

Wainscoted

WA'INSCOTED, participle passive Lined with boards or panels.

Wainscoting

WA'INSCOTING, participle of the present tense Lining with boards.

Wair

WAIR, noun A piece of timber two yards long, and a foot broad. [I know not where used.]

Bailey.

Waist

WAIST, noun [Welsh gwÃƒ-¢sg, pressure, squeeze, the waist, the part where the girdle is tied; allied to squeeze.]

1. That part of the human body which is immediately below the ribs or thorax; or the small part of the body between the thorax and hips.

2. That part of a ship which is between the quarter deck and forecastle. But in many ships now built, there is no quarter deck, and in such the waist is the middle part of the ship.

Waistband

WA'ISTBAND, noun The band or upper part of breeches, trowsers or pantaloons, which encompasses the waist.

Waistcloths

WAISTCLOTHS, noun Coverings of canvas or tarpauling for the hammocks, stowed on the gangways, between the quarter deck and forecastle.

Mar. Dict.

Waistcoat

WA'ISTCOAT, noun [waist and coat.] A short coat or garment for men, extending no lower than the hips, and covering the waist; a vest. This under garment is now generally called in America a vest.

Waister

WA'ISTER, noun In ships, waisters are men who are stationed in the waist in working the ship.

Mar. Dict.

Wait

WAIT, verb intransitive [French guetter; Italian guatare; Welsh gweitiaw, to wait; gwaid, attendance. The sense is to stop, or to continue.]

1. To stay or rest in expectation; to stop or remain stationary, till the arrival of some person or event. Thus we say, I went to the place of meeting, and there waited an hour for the moderator or chairman. I will go to the hotel, and there wait till you come. We will wait for the mail.

2. To stay proceedings, or suspend any business, in expectation of some person, event, or the arrival of some hour. The court was obliged to wait for a witness.

3. To rest in expectation and patience.

All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.

4. To stay; not to depart.

Haste, my dear father, 'tis no time to wait.

Dryden.

5. To stay; to continue by reason of hinderance.

6. To lie in ambush, as an enemy.

Such ambush waited to intercept thy way.

Milton.

To wait on or upon, to attend, as a servant; to perform menial services for; as, to wait on a gentleman; to wait on the table.

To wait on, to attend; to go to see; to visit on business or for ceremony. Tell the gentleman I will wait on him at ten o'clock.

2. To pay servile or submissive attendance.

3. To follow, as a consequence; as the ruin that waits on such a supine temper. [Instead of this, we use await.]

4. To look watchfully.

It is a point of cunning to wait on him with whom you speak, with your eye.

Bacon.

[Unusual.]

5. To attend to; to perform.

Aaron and his sons shall wait on their priest's office. Numbers 3, 8. Romans 12.

6. To be ready to serve; to obey. Psalm 25. Proverbs 20.

To wait at, to attend in service; to perform service at. 1 Corinthians 9.

To wait for, to watch, as an enemy. Job 15.

Wait

WAIT, verb transitive To stay for; to rest or remain stationary in expectation of the arrival of.

Aw'd with these words, in camps they still abide,

And wait with longing eyes their promis'd guide.

Dryden.

[Elliptical for wait for.]

2. To attend; to accompany with submission or respect.

He chose a thousand horse, the flow'r of all

His warlike troops, to wait the funeral.

Dryden.

[This use is not justifiable, but by poetical license.]

3. To attend as a consequence of something.

Such doom waits luxuryÃ‚--

Philips.

[Not in use. In this sense we use attend or attend on.]

Wait

WAIT, noun Ambush. As a noun, this word is used only in certain phrases. To lie in wait, is to lie in ambush; to be secreted in order to fall by surprise on an enemy; hence figuratively, to lay snares, or to make insidious attempts, or to watch for the purpose of ensnaring. Joshua 8.

In wait, is used in a like sense by Milton.

To lay wait, to set an ambush. Jeremiah 9.

Waiter

WA'ITER, noun One who waits; an attendant; a servant in attendance.

The waiters stand in ranks; the yeoman cry,

Make room, as if a duke were passing by.

Swift.

2. A server; a vessel on which tea furniture, &c. is carried.

Waiting

WA'ITING, participle of the present tense Staying in expectation.

Waiting on, attending; accompanying; serving.

Waiting for, staying for the arrival of.

Waiting at, staying or attending at in expectation or in service.

In waiting, in attendance.

Waiting-Maid

WA'ITING-MAID, or WA'ITING-WOMAN, noun An upper servant who attends a lady. Waiting-gentlewoman is sometimes, though less commonly used.

Waits

WAITS, noun [Gothic wahts, watch.] Itinerant nocturnal musicians. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

2. Nocturnal musicians who attended great men.

Cyc.

Waive

WAIVE, noun A woman put out of the protection of the law.

Cyc.

Waiwode

WA'IWODE, noun In the Turkish empire, the governor of a small province or town; a general.

Cyc.

Wake

WAKE, verb intransitive [Gothic wakan; Saxon woecan; German wachen; Dutch waaken, wekken; Swedish v?cka, up-v?cka; Danish voekker; Latin vigil, vigilo. The root wak is allied to wag. The primary sense is to stir, to rouse, to excite. The transitive verb in Saxon, is written woecan, wecan; but both are from one root.]

1. To be awake; to continue awake; to watch; not to sleep. Psalm 127.

The father waketh for the daughter.

Ecclus.

Though wisdom wakes, suspicion sleeps.

Milton.

I cannot think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it.

Locke.

2. To be excited or roused from sleep; to awake; to be awakened. He wakes at the slightest noise.

3. To cease to sleep; to awake.

4. To be quick; to be alive or active.

Dryden.

5. To be excited from a torpid state; to be put in motion. The dormant powers of nature wake from their frosty slumbers.

Gentle airs to fan the earth now wak'd.

Milton.

Wake

WAKE, verb transitive To rouse from sleep.

The angel that talked with me, came again and waked me. Zechariah 4.

2. To arouse; to excite; to put in motion or action.

Prepare war, wake up the mighty men. Joel 3.

[The use of up is common, but not necessary.]

To wake the soul by tender strokes of art.

Pope.

3. To bring to life again, as if from the sleep of death.

To second life

Wak'd in the renovation of the just.

Milton.

Wake

WAKE, noun The feast of the dedication of the church, formerly kept by watching all night.

Dryden. King.

2. Vigils; state of forbearing sleep.

Ã‚--Their merry wakes and pastimes keep.

Milton.

3. Act of waking. [Old song.]

Wake of a ship, the track it leaves in the water, formed by the meeting of the water, which rushes from each side to fill the space which the ship makes in passing through it.

To be in the wake of a ship, is to be in her track, or in a line with her keel.

Wakeful

WA'KEFUL, adjective Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep.

Dissembling sleep, but wakeful with the frightÃ‚--

Dryden.

2. Watchful; vigilant.

Wakefully

WA'KEFULLY, adverb With watching or sleeplessness.

Wakefulness

WA'KEFULNESS, noun Indisposition to sleep.

2. Forbearance of sleep; want of sleep.

Bacon.

Waken

WAKEN, v. i. wa'kn. [This seems to be the Saxon infinitive retained.] To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened.

Early Turnus wak'ning with the light.

Dryden.

Waken

WAKEN, v. t. wa'kn. To excite or rouse from sleep.

Go, waken Eve.

Milton.

2. To excite to action or motion.

Then Homer's and Tyrtaeus' martial muse

Waken'd the world.

Roscommon.

3. To excite; to produce; to rouse into action.

They introduce

Their sacred song, and waken raptures high.

Milton.

Wakened

WA'KENED, participle passive Roused from sleep; excited into action.

Wakener

WA'KENER, noun One who rouses from sleep.

Feltham.

Wakening

WA'KENING, participle of the present tense Rousing from sleep or stupidity; calling into action.

Waker

WA'KER, noun One who watches; one who rouses from sleep.

B. Jonson.

Wake-Robin

WA'KE-ROBIN, noun A plant of the genus Arum.

Waking

WA'KING, participle of the present tense Being awake; not sleeping.

2. Rousing from sleep; exciting into motion or action.

Waking

WA'KING, noun The period of being awake.

Butler.

2. Watch. Obs.

Wale

WALE, noun [This may be the Welsh gwialen, a rod or twig, or from the same root.]

1. In cloth, a ridge or streak rising above the rest. We say, cloth is wove with a wale.

2. A streak or stripe; the mark of a rod or whip on animal flesh.

Wales of a ship, an assemblage of strong planks, extending along a ship's sides throughout the whole length, at different hights, and serving to strengthen the decks and form the curves. They are distinguished into the main wale and the channel wale.

Mar. Dict.

Wale-Knot

WA'LE-KNOT, or WALL-KNOT, noun A single wale-knot is made by untwisting the ends of a rope, and making a bight with the first strand; then passing the second over the end of the first, and the third over the end of the second, and through the bight of the first. The double is made by passing the ends, singly, close underneath the first wale, and thrusting them upwards through the middle, only the last end comes up under two bights.

Cyc.

Walk

WALK, v. i. wauk. [Saxon wealcan, to roll or revolve; wealcere, a fuller, whence the name Walker; Dutch walken, to work a hat; German walken, to full, to felt hats; walker, a fuller, Swedish valkare; Danish valker, to full or mill cloth; valker, a fuller; valke, a pad or stuffed roll; German wallen, to stir, to be agitated, to rove, to travel, to wander. From the same root are Russian valyu, German wÃƒ-¤lzen, to roll, and wÃƒ-¤lsch, foreign, Celtic, Welsh, that is, wanderers. The primary sense is simply to move or press, but appropriately to roll, to press by rolling, as in hatting, and this is the origin of walker, for the practice of felting hats must have preceded that of fulling cloth in mills. Our ancestors appropriated the verb to moving on the feet, and the word is peculiarly expressive of that rolling or wagging motion which marks the walk of olownish people.]

1. To move slowly on the feet; to step slowly along; to advance by steps moderately repeated; as animals. Walking in men differs from running only in the rapidity and length of the steps; but in quadrupeds, the motion or order of the feet is sometimes changed.

At the end of twelve months, he walked in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon. Danish iv.

When Peter had come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. Matthew 14.

2. To move or go on the feet for exercise or amusement. Hundreds of students daily walk on Downing terrace in Cambridge.

3. To appear, as a specter.

The spirits of the dead

May walk again.

Shak.

4. To act on any occasion.

Do you think I'd walk in any plot?

Obs.

B. Jonson.

5. To be in motion, as a clamorous tongue.

Her tongue did walk

In foul reproach. Obs.

Spenser.

6. To act or move on the feet in sleep.

When was it she last walk'd?

Shak.

[But this is unusual. When we speak of noctambulation, we say to walk in sleep.]

7. To range; to be stirring.

Affairs that walk,

As they say spirits do at midnight.

Shak.

[Unusual.]

8. To move off; to depart.

When he comes forth he will make their cows and garrans walk. [Not elegant.]

Spenser.

9. In Scripture, to live and act or behave; to pursue a particular course of life.

To walk with God, to live in obedience to his commands, and have communion with him. Genesis 5.

To walk in darkness, to live in ignorance, error and sin, without comfort. 1 John 1.

To walk in the light, to live in the practice of religion, and to enjoy its consolations. 1 John 1.

To walk by faith, to live in the firm belief of the gospel and its promises, and to rely on Christ for salvation. 2 Corinthians 5.

To walk through the fire, to be exercised with severe afflictions. Isaiah 43.

To walk after the flesh, to indulge sensual appetites, and to live in sin. Romans 8.

To walk after the Spirit, to be guided by the counsels and influences of the Spirit and by the word of God, and to live a life of holy deportment.

Ib.

To walk in the flesh, to live this natural life, which is subject to infirmities and calamities. 2 Corinthians 10.

To walk in, to enter, as a house. Walk in, gentlemen.

Walk

WALK, v. t. wauk. To pass through or upon; as, to walk the streets. [This is elliptical for to walk in or through the street.]

2. To cause to walk or step slowly; to lead, drive or ride with a slow pace. He found the road so bad he was obliged to walk his horse. The coachman walked his horses from Woodbridge to Princeton.

Walk

WALK, n. wauk. The act of walking; the act of moving on the feet with a slow pace.

2. The act of walking for air or exercise; as a morning walk; an evening walk.

Pope.

3. Manner of walking; gait; step. We often know a person in a distant apartment by his walk.

4. Length of way or circuit through which one walks; or a place for walking; as a long walk; a short walk. The gardens of the Tuilerie and of the Luxemburgh are very pleasant walks.

5. An avenue set with trees.

Milton.

6. Way; road; range; place of wandering.

The mountains are his walks.

Sandys.

The starry walks above.

Dryden.

7. Region; space.

He opened a boundless walk for his imagination.

Pope.

8. Course of life or pursuit. This is not within the walk of the historian.

9. The slowest pace of a horse, ox or other quadruped.

10. A fish. [A mistake for whelk.]

Ainsworth.

11. In the West Indies, a plantation of canes, &c.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

A sheep walk, so called, is high and dry land where sheep pasture.

Walkable

WALKABLE, a. wauk'able. Fit to be walked on. [Not much used.]

Swift.

Walker

WALKER, n. wauk'er. One who walks.

2. In our mother tongue, a fuller.

3. In law, a forest officer appointed to walk over a certain space for inspection; a forester.

4. One who deports himself in a particular manner.

5. A fulling-mill. [Not in use or local.]

Walking

WALKING, ppr. wauk'ing. Moving on the the legs with a slow pace; moving; conducting one's self.

Walking

WALKING, n. wauk'ing. The act of moving on the feet with a slow pace.

Walking-Staff

WALK'ING-STAFF, or WALK'ING-STICK, noun A staff or stick carried in the hand for support or amusement in walking.

Walk-Mill

WALK-MILL, n. wauk'-mill. A fulling-mill. [Local.]

Cyc.

Wall

WALL, noun [Latin vallum; Saxon weal; Dutch wal; Irish Gaelic, balla and fal; Russian val; Welsh gwal. In Latin vallus is a stake or post, and probably vallum was originally a fence of stakes, a palisade or stockade; the first rude fortification of uncivilized men. The primary sense of vallus is a shoot, or that which is set, and the latter may be the sense of wall, whether it is from vallus, or from some other root.]

1. A work or structure of stone, brick or other materials, raised to some highth, and intended for a defense or security. Walls of stone, with or without cement, are much used in America for fences on farms; walls are laid as the foundations of houses and the security of cellars. Walls of stone or brick form the exterior of buildings, and they are often raised round cities and forts as a defense against enemies.

2. Walls, in the plural, is used for fortifications in general; works for defense.

I rush undaunted to defend the walls.

Dryden.

3. A defense; means of security or protection. 1 Samuel 25.

To take the wall, to take the upper or most honorable place.

I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague's.

Shak.

Wall-Creeper

WALL-CREEPER, noun A small bird of the genus Certhia; the spider-catcher.

Ed. Encyc.

Wall-Cress

WALL'-CRESS, noun [wall and cress.] A plant of the genus Arabis.

Cyc.

2. A plant of the genus Turritis.

Lee.

Wall-Eye

WALL'-EYE, noun [wall and eye.] A disease in the crystaline humor of the eye; the glaucoma.

2. In horses, an eye in which the iris is of a very light gray color.

Cyc.

Wall-Eyed

WALL'-EYED, adjective Having white eyes.

Johnson.

Wall-Flower

WALL'-FLOWER, noun [wall and flower.] A plant of the genus Cheiranthus; a species of stock gillyflower.

Wall-Fruit

WALL'-FRUIT, noun [wall and fruit.] Fruit which, to be ripened, must be planted against a wall.

Wall-Louse

WALL-LOUSE, noun [wall and louse.] An insect or small bug. [Latin cimex.]

Ainsworth.

Wall-Moss

WALL'-MOSS, noun A species of moss growing on walls.

Wall-Pennywort

WALL-PEN'NYWORT, noun A plant of the genus Cotyledon.

Wall-Pepper

WALL-PEPPER, noun A plant of the genus Sedum.

Wall-Pie

WALL-PIE, noun A plant, a species of Asplenium.

Lee.

Wall-Sided

WALL'-SIDED, adjective Having sides nearly perpendicular, as a ship.

Wall-Spring

WALL'-SPRING, noun A spring of water issuing from stratified rocks.

Wall-Wort

WALL-WORT, noun A plant, the dwarf elder or danewort; a species of Sambucus.

Wall

WALL, verb transitive To inclose with a wall; as, to wall a city.

2. To defend by walls.

And terror of his name that walls us in

From danger.

Denham.

3. To fill up with a wall.

Walled

WALL'ED, participle passive Inclosed or fortified with a wall.

Waller

WALL'ER, noun One who builds walls in the country.

Cyc.

Wallerite

WALL'ERITE, noun A mineral, or variety of clay, found in small compact masses of the size of a nut, ? and opake, or yellowish and translucent.

Cleaveland.

Wallet

WAL'LET, noun A bag for carrying the necessaries for a journey or march; a knapsack.

2. Any thing protuberant and swagging; as wallets of flesh.

Shak.

Walling

WALL'ING, participle of the present tense Inclosing or fortifying with a wall.

Walling

WALL'ING, noun Walls in general; materials for walls.

Wallop

WAL'LOP, verb intransitive [formed on German wallen, Saxon wealan, to boil or bubble; Dutch opwallen; to well. See Well.]

To boil with a continued bubbling or heaving and rolling of the liquor, with noise.

Walloping

WAL'LOPING, participle of the present tense Boiling with a heaving and noise.

Wallow

WAL'LOW, verb intransitive [Saxon wealwian; Swedish v?lfva; Gothic walugan; German walzen. The latter is the welter, but of the same family; Latin volvo; Spanish volver; Russian valyu, baliayu. This verb seems to be connected with well, walk, &c.]

1. To roll one's body on the earth, in mire, or on other substance; to tumble and roll in water. Swine wallow in the mire.

2. To move heavily and clumsily.

Part huge of bulk,

Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait,

Tempest the ocean. [Unusual.]

Milton.

3. To live in filth or gross vice; as man wallowing in his native impurity.

South.

Wallow

WAL'LOW, verb transitive To roll one's body.

Wallow thyself in ashes. Jeremiah 6.

Wallow

WAL'LOW, noun A kind of rolling walk.

Wallower

WAL'LOWER, noun One that rolls in mire.

Wallowing

WAL'LOWING, participle of the present tense Rolling the body on any thing.

Walnut

WAL'NUT, noun [Dutch walnoot; Saxon walh, foreign, and hnuta, nut. The Germans call it wÃƒ-¤lsche nuss, Welsh nut, that is, foreign or Celtic nut.]

A tree and its fruit, of the genus Juglans. The black walnut, so called, grows in America, and is indigenous in the southern and middle states, as far north as the river Hudson. That is said to be the limit of its indigenous growth, but when transplanted, it grows well in the eastern states.

In America there are several species of hickory nut, called by this name.

Walrus

WAL'RUS, noun [German wall, as in wallfisch, a whale, and ross, a horse.]

The morse or sea horse, an animal of the northern seas, of the genus Trichechus.

Waltron

WAL'TRON, noun Another name of the walrus.

Woodward.

Waltz

WALTZ, noun [German walzen, to roll.] A modern dance and tune, the measure of whose music is triple; three quavers in a bar.

Busby.

Wamble

WAM'BLE, verb intransitive [Dutch wemelen; Dan vamler; Swedish v?mjas.]

To be disturbed with nausea; as a wambling stomach. [Vulgar.]

L'Estrange.

Wamble-Cropped

WAM'BLE-CROPPED, adjective Sick at the stomach. [Vulgar.]

Wampee

WAMPEE', noun A plant, a species of Arum.

Wampum

WAM'PUM, noun Shells or strings of shells, used by the American Indians as money or a medium of commerce. These strings of shells when united, form a broad belt, which is worn as an ornament or girdle. It is sometimes called wampumpeague, and wompeague, or wampampeague, of which wampum seems to be a contraction.

Winthrop. Gookin.

Wan

WAN, adjective [Saxon wan, wann, deficient; wanian, to fail, to wane; wan, pale, that is, deficient in color; allied probably to vain. Qu. Welsh gwan, weak, and gwyn, white. The primary sense is to withdraw or depart.] Pale; having a sickly hue; languid of look.

Sad to view, his visage pale and wan.

Spenser.

Why so pale and wan, fond lover?

Suckling.

Wan

WAN, for won; pret. of win. Obs.

Wand

WAND, noun [Dutch vaand.] A small stick; a rod. If a child runs away, a few strokes of a wand will bring him back.

2. A staff of authority; as a silver wand.

Milton.

3. A rod used by conjurers or diviners.

Picus bore a buckler in his hand,

His other wav'd a long divining wand.

Dryden.

Wander

WAN'DER, verb intransitive [Saxon wandrian; Dutch wandelen, to walk; German wandeln, to wander, to walk, to change, exchange or transform; Swedish v?nda, to turn; vandra, to wander; Danish vandler, to walk, to wander, to trade; vandel, behavior, deportment, conversation; Italian andare, Spanish Portugese andar, to go; Sanscrit andara, a wanderer.]

1. To rove; to ramble here and there without any certain course or object in view; as, to wander over the fields; to wander about the town, or about the country. Men may sometimes wander for amusement or exercise. Persons sometimes wander because they have no home and are wretched, and sometimes because they have no occupation.

They wandered about in sheep-skins and goat-skins. Hebrews 11.

He wandereth abroad for bread. Job 15.

He was wandering in the field. Genesis 37.

2. To leave home; to depart; to migrate.

When God caused me to wander from my father's houseÃ‚-- Genesis 20.

3. To depart from the subject in discussion; as, to wander from the point.

4. In a moral sense, to stray; to deviate; to depart from duty or rectitude.

O let me not wander from thy commandments. Psalm ~cxlx~.

5. To be delirious; not to be under the guidance of reason; as, the mind wanders.

Wander

WAN'DER, verb transitive To travel over without a certain course.

Wand'ring many a famous realm. [Elliptical.]

Milton.

Wanderer

WAN'DERER, noun A rambler; one that roves; one that deviates from duty.

Wandering

WAN'DERING, participle of the present tense Roving; rambling; deviating from duty.

Wandering

WAN'DERING, noun Peregrination; a traveling without a settled course.

2. Aberration; mistaken way; deviation from rectitude; as a wandering from duty.

3. A roving of the mind or thoughts from the point or business in which one ought to be engaged.

Locke.

4. The roving of the mind in a dream.

5. The roving of the mind in delirium.

6. Uncertainty; want of being fixed.

Locke.

Wanderingly

WAN'DERINGLY, adverb In a wandering or unsteady manner.

Taylor.

Wanderoo

WANDEROO', noun A baboon of Ceylon and Malabar.

Wane

WANE, verb intransitive [Saxon wanian, to fail, fall off or decrease.]

1. To be diminished; to decrease; particularly applied to the illuminated part of the moon. We say, the moon wanes, that is, the visible or illuminated part decreases.

Waning moons their settled periods keep.

Addison.

2. To decline; to fail; to sink; as the waning age of life.

You saw but sorrow in its waning form.

Dryden.

Land and trade ever will wax and wane together.

Child.

Wane

WANE, verb transitive To cause to decrease. Obs.

B. Jonson.

Wane

WANE, noun Decrease of the illuminated part of the moon, to the eye of a spectator.

2. Decline; failure; diminution; decrease; declension.

You are cast upon an age in which the church is in its wane.

South.

Wang

WANG, noun [Saxon wang, weng, wong.] The jaw, jaw-bone or cheek bone. [Little used or vulgar.]

2. The latchet of a shoe. [Saxon sceo-thwang, shoe-thong.] [Not in use.]

Wang-Tooth

WANG-TOOTH, noun A jaw-tooth.

Cyc.

Wanhope

WAN'HOPE, noun Want of hope. [Not used.]

Wanhorn

WAN'HORN, noun A plant of the genus Kaempferia.

Lee.

Waning

WA'NING, participle of the present tense Decreasing; failing; declining.

Wanly

WAN'LY, adverb In a pale manner; palely.

Wanned

WAN'NED, adjective Made wan or pale.

Shak.

Wanness

WAN'NESS, noun Paleness; a sallow, dead, pale color; as the wanness of the cheeks after a fever.

Wannish

WAN'NISH, adjective Somewhat wan; of a pale hue.

Fairfax.

Want

WANT, n. waunt. [Saxon wan, supra; wanian, to fail; Gothic wan, deficiency, want. This seems to be primarily a participle of wane.]

1. Deficiency; defect; the absence of that which is necessary or useful; as a want of power or knowledge for any purpose; want of food and clothing. The want of money is a common want. 2 Corinthians 8, 9.

From having wishes in consequence of our wants, we often feel wants in consequence of our wishes.

Rambler.

2. Need; necessity; the effect of deficiency.

Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and more saucy.

Franklin.

3. Poverty; penurty; indigence.

Nothing is so hard for those who abound in riches as to conceive how others can be in want.

Swift.

4. The state of not having. I cannot write a letter at present for want of time.

5. That which is not possessed, but is desired or necessary for use or pleasure.

Habitual superfluities become actual wants.

Paley.

6. A mole.

Heylin.

Want

WANT, v. t. waunt. To be destitute; to be deficient in; not to have; a word of general application; as, to want knowledge; to want judgment; to want learning; to want food and clothing; to want money.

2. To be defective or deficient in. Timber may want strength or solidity to answer its purpose.

3. To fall short; not to contain or have. The sum wants a dollar of the amount of debt.

Nor think, though men were none,

That heaven would want spectators, God want praise.

Milton.

4. To be without.

The unhappy never want enemies.

Richardson.

5. To need; to have occasion for, as useful, proper or requisite. Our manners want correction. In winter we want a fire; in summer we want cooling breezes. We all want more public spirit and more virtue.

6. To wish for; to desire. Every man wants a little pre-eminence over his neighbor. Many want that which they cannot obtain, and which if they could obtain, would certainly ruin them.

What wants my son?

Addison.

Want

WANT, v. i. waunt. To be deficient; not to be sufficient.

As in bodies, thus in souls, we find

What wants in blood and spirits, swell'd with wind.

Pope.

2. To fail; to be deficient; to be lacking.

No time shall find me wanting to my truth.

Dryden.

3. To be missed; not to be present. The jury was full, wanting one.

4. To fall short; to be lacking.

Twelve, wanting one, he slew.

Dryden.

Wantage

WANT'AGE, noun Deficiency; that which is wanting.

Wanted

WANT'ED, participle passive Needed; desired.

Wanting

WANT'ING, participle of the present tense Needing; lacking; desiring.

2. adjective Absent; deficient. One of the twelve is wanting. We have the means, but the application is wanting.

3. Slack; deficient. I shall not be wanting in exertion.

Wantless

WANT'LESS, adjective Having no want; abundant; fruitful.

Warner.

Wanton

WAN'TON, adjective [Welsh gwantan, apt to run off, variable, fickle, wanton; gwantu, to thrust, to sever; allied probably to wander.]

1. Wandering or roving in gayety or sport; sportive; frolicksome; darting aside, or one way and the other. Wanton boys kill flies for sport.

Note a wild and wanton herd.

Shak.

2. Moving or flying loosely; playing in the wind.

She

Her unadorned golden tresses wore

Dishevel'd, but in wanton ringlets wav'd.

Milton.

3. Wandering from moral rectitude; licentious; dissolute; indulging in sensuality without restraint; as men grown wanton by prosperity.

Roscommon.

My plenteous joys,

Wanton in fullnessÃ‚--

Shak.

4. More appropriately, deviating from the rules of chastity; lewd; lustful; lascivious; libidinous.

Thou art froward by nature, enemy to peace,

Lascivious, wanton.

Shak.

Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton. James 5.

5. Disposed to unchastity; indicating wantonness. Isaiah 3.

6. Loose; unrestrained; running to excess.

How does your tongue grow wanton in her praise!

Addison.

7. Luxuriant; overgrown.

What we by day lop overgrown,

One night or two with wanton growth derides,

Tending to wild.

Milton.

8. Extravagant; as wanton dress.

Milton.

9. Not regular; not turned or formed with regularity.

The quaint mazes in the wanton green.

Milton.

Wanton

WAN'TON, noun A lewd person; a lascivious man or woman.

South. Shak.

2. A trifler; an insignificant flutterer.

Shak.

3. A word of slight endearment.

Peace, my wantonÃ‚-- [Little used.]

B. Jonson.

Wanton

WAN'TON, verb intransitive To rove and ramble without restraint, rule or limit; to revel; to play loosely.

Nature here

Wanton'd as in her prime.

Milton.

Her golden tresses wanton in the wind.

Anon.

2. To ramble in lewdness; to play lasciviously.

Prior.

3. To move briskly and irregularly.

Wantoning

WAN'TONING, participle of the present tense Roving; flying loosely; playing without restraint; indulging in licentiousness.

Wantonize

WAN'TONIZE, verb intransitive To behave wantonly. [Not in use.]

Wantonly

WAN'TONLY, adverb Loosely; without regularity or restraint; sportively; gayly; playfully; lasciviously.

Wantonness

WAN'TONNESS, noun Sportiveness; gayety; frolicksomeness; waggery.

Ã‚--As sad as night,

Only for wantonness.

Shak.

2. Licentiousness; negligence of restraint.

The tumults threatened to abuse all acts of grace, and turn them into wantonness.

K. Charles.

3. Lasciviousness; lewdness. Romans 13:2 Peter 2.

Want-Wit

WANT'-WIT, noun [want and wit.] One destitute of wit or sense; a fool. [Not in much use.]

Shak.

Wanty

WAN'TY, noun [Dutch want, cordage, tackling. Qu.]

A broad strap of lether, used for binding a load upon the back of a beast. [Local.]

Tusser.

Wapacut

WAP'ACUT, noun The spotted owl of Hudson's bay.

Waped

WA'PED, adjective [from the root of Latin vapulo, to strike, and awhap, whap, which the common people in N. England use, and pronounce whop.]

Dejected; cast down; crushed by misery. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wapentake

WAP'ENTAKE, or WAP'ENTAC, noun [Saxon woepen-tac; but it is rather Gothic, as this division of a county was peculiar to the northern counties; woepen, a weapon, and tac, tace, touch; Gothic tekan. See Touch. This name had its origin in a custom of touching lances or spears when the hundreder or chief entered on his office. ``Cum quis accipiebat praefecturam wapentachii, die statuto in loco ubi consueverant congregari, omnes majores natucontra eum conveniebant, et descendente eo de equo suo, omnes assurgebant ei. Ipse vero erecta lancea sua, ab omnibus secundum morem foedus accipiebat: omnes enim quotquot venissent cum lanceis suis ipsius hastam tangebant, et ita se confirmabant per contactum armorum, pace palam concessa. Woepnu enim arma sonat; tac, tactus estÃ‚--hac de causa totus ille conventus dicitur wapentac, eo quod per tactum armorum suorum ad invicem confoederati sunt.'

LL. Edward Confessor 33. Wilkins.

Lye seems to doubt this explanation of the word wapentac, because the word tac is not found in the Saxon. He seems not to have considered that the word is known only in the north of England, where the Gothic dialects prevailed; and surely the word must have been understood in the age of Edward the Confessor.]

In some northern counties of England, a division or district, answering to the hundred or cantred in other counties. The name was first given to the meeting, supra.

Selden. Blackstone. Wilkins.

Wapp

WAPP, noun In a ship, the rope with which the shrouds are set taught in wale-knots.

Cyc.

Wappe

WAP'PE, noun A species of cur, said to be so called from his voice. His only use is to alarm the family by barking when any person approaches the house.

Cyc.

Wapper

WAP'PER, noun A fish; a name given to the smaller species of the river gudgeon.

Cyc.

War

WAR, n. waur. [Saxon woer; French guerre; Italian Spanish Portugese guerra; Dutch warren, to quarrel, wrangle, entangle; Danish virrer; German verwirren, to perplex, embroil, disturb. The primary sense of the root is to strive, struggle, urge, drive, or to turn, to twist.]

1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, either for defense, or for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the extension of commerce or acquisition of territory, or for obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over the other. These objects are accomplished by the slaughter or capture of troops, and the capture and destruction of ships, towns and property. Among rude nations, war is often waged and carried on for plunder. As war is the contest of nations or states, it always implies that such contest is authorized by the monarch or the sovereign power of the nation. When war is commenced by attacking a nation in peace, it is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. When war is undertaken to repel invasion or the attacks of an enemy, it is called defensive, and a defensive war is considered as justifiable. Very few of the wars that have desolated nations and deluged the earth with blood, have been justifiable. Happy would it be for mankind, if the prevalence of christian principles might ultimately extinguish the spirit of war, and if the ambition to be great, might yield to the ambition of being good.

Preparation for war is sometimes the best security for peace.

Anon.

2. In poetical language, instruments of war.

His complement of stores, and total war.

Prior.

3. Poetically, forces; army.

O'er the embattled ranks the waves return,

And overwhelm their war.

Milton.

4. The profession of arms; art of war; as a fierce man of war. Isaiah 2.

Wisdom.

5. Hostility; state of opposition or contest; act of opposition.

Shak.

6. Enmity; disposition to contention.

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart. Psalm 55.

Man of war, in naval affairs, a ship of large size, armed and equipped for attack or defense.

Holy war, a crusade; a war undertaken to deliver the Holy Land, or Judea, from infidels. These holy wars were carried on by most unholy means.

War

WAR, verb intransitive To make war; to invade or attack a nation or state with force of arms; to carry on hostilities; or to be in a state of contest by violence.

He teacheth my hands to war. 2 Samuel 22.

And they warred against the Midianites. Numbers 31.

Why should I war without the walls of Troy?

Shak.

2. To contend; to strive violently; to be in a state of opposition.

Lusts which war against the soul. 1 Peter 2.

War

WAR, verb transitive To make war upon; as, to war the Scot. [Not used.]

2. To carry on a contest.

That thou mightest war a good warfare. 1 Timothy 1.

War-Beat

WAR'-BEAT, or WAR'-BEATEN, adjective [war and beat.] Worn down in war.

J. Barlow.

Warble

WAR'BLE, verb transitive [German wirbeln, to turn, whirl, warble; wirbel, a whirl, a vortex; wirbelbein, a turning bone or joint, Latin vertebra; Danish hvirvler, to whirl. These words are all of one family; Latin verto, veer, vary, &c.]

1. To quaver a sound or the voice; to modulate with turns or variations. Certain birds are remarkable for warbling their songs.

2. To cause to quaver.

And touch the warbled string.

Milton.

3. To utter musically; to be modulated.

If she be right invok'd with warbled song.

Milton.

Warbling sweet the nuptial lay.

Trumbull.

Warble

WAR'BLE, verb intransitive To be quavered or modulated.

Such strains ne'er warble in the linnet's throat.

Gay.

2. To be uttered melodiously; as warbling lays.

For warbling notes from inward cheering flow.

Sidney.

3. To sing.

Birds on the branches warbling.

Milton.

Warbled

WAR'BLED, participle passive Quavered; modulated; uttered musically.

Warbler

WAR'BLER, noun A singer; a songster; used of birds.

In lulling strains the fether'd warblers woo.

Tickel.

2. The common name of a genus of small birds (Sylvia,) comprising most of the small woodland songsters of Europe and N. America. They feed on insects and are very lively and active. The blue-bird is a species of the genus.

Ed. Encyc. Wilson.

Warbles

WAR'BLES, noun In farriery, small hard tumors on the backs of horses, occasioned by the heat of the saddle in traveling, or by the uneasiness of its situation; also, small tumors produced by the larvas of the gad fly, in the backs of horses, cattle, &c.

Cyc.

Warbling

WAR'BLING, participle of the present tense Quavering the voice; modulating notes; singing.

2. adjective Filled with musical notes; as the warbling glade.

Trumbull.

Warbling

WAR'BLING, noun The act of shaking or modulating notes; singing.

Ward

WARD, in composition, as in toward, homeward, is the Saxon weard, from the root of Latin verto, &c. It corresponds to the Latin versus.

Ward

WARD, v. t. waurd. [Saxon weardian; Swedish vÃƒ-¥rda; Danish voerger; probably from Saxon warian, werian; Gothic waryan; Dutch weeren, to defend, guard, prevent; Welsh gwaru, to fend; allied to wary, aware; French garder, for guarder, Italian guardare, Spanish guardar. The primary sense is to repel, to keep off; hence to stop; hence to defend by repelling or other means.]

1. To guard; to keep in safety; to watch.

Whose gates he found fast shut, ne living wight

To ward the sameÃ‚--

Spenser.

[In this sense, ward is obsolete, as we have adopted the French of the same word, to guard. We now never apply ward to the thing to be defended, but always to the thing against which it is to be defended. We ward off a blow or dagger, and we guard a person or place.]

2. To defend; to protect.

Tell him it was a hand that warded him

From thousand dangers.

Shak.

[Obs. See the remark, supra.]

3. To fend off; to repel; to turn aside any thing mischievous that approaches.

Now wards a falling blow, now strikes again.

Daniel.

The pointed jav'lin warded off his rage.

Addison.

It instructs the scholar in the various methods of warding off the force of objections.

Watts.

[This is the present use of ward. To ward off is now the more general expression, nor can I, with Johnson, think it less elegant.]

Ward

WARD, v. i. waurd. To be vigilant; to keep guard. Obs.

2. To act on the defensive with a weapon.

She drove the stranger to no other shift, than to ward and go back.

Sidney.

And on their warding arms light bucklers bear.

Dryden.

Ward

WARD, noun Watch; act of guarding.

Still when she slept, he kept both watch and ward.

Spenser.

2. Garrison; troops to defend a fort; as small wards left in forts. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

3. Guard made by a weapon in fencing.

For want of other ward,

He lifted up his hand his front to guard.

Dryden.

4. A fortress; a strong hold.

Shak.

5. One whose business is to guard, watch and defend; as a fire-ward.

6. A certain district, division or quarter of a town or city, committed to an alderman. There are twenty six wards in London.

7. Custody; confinement under guard. Pharaoh put his butler and baker in ward. Genesis 40.

8. A minor or person under the care of a guardian. See Blackstone's chapter on the rights and duties of guardian and ward.

9. The state of a child under a guardian.

I must attend his majesty's commands, to whom I am now in ward.

Shak.

10. Guardianship; right over orphans.

It is inconvenient in Ireland, that the wards and marriages of gentlemen's children should be in the disposal of any of those lords.

Spenser.

11. The division of a forest.

12. The division of a hospital.

13. A part of a lock which corresponds to its proper key.

Warded

WARD'ED, participle passive Guarded.

Warded off, prevented from attacking or injuring.

Warden

WARD'EN, noun A keeper; a guardian.

2. An officer who keeps or guards; a keeper; as the warden of the fleet or fleet prison.

3. A large pear.

Warden of the cinque ports, in England, an officer or magistrate who has the jurisdiction of a port or haven. There are five such ports.

Warden of a university, is the master or president.

Warder

WARD'ER, noun A keeper; a guard.

The warders of the gate.

Dryden.

2. A truncheon by which an officer of arms forbad fight.

Shak.

Warders of the tower, officers who attend state prisoners.

Wardmote

WARD'MOTE, noun [ward and Saxon mote, meeting.]

In law, a court held in each ward in London.

Wardrobe

WARD'ROBE, noun [ward and robe; French garde-robe.]

1. A room or apartment where clothes or wearing apparel is kept.

2. Wearing apparel in general.

Ward-Room

WARD'-ROOM, noun [ward and room.] In a ship, a room over the gun-room, where the lieutenants and other principal officers sleep and mess.

Mar. Dict.

Wardship

WARD'SHIP, noun Guardianship; care and protection of a ward.

2. Right of guardianship.

Wardship is incident to tenure in socage.

Blackstone.

3. Pupilage; state of being under a guardian.

K. Charles.

Ward-Staff

WARD'-STAFF, noun A constable's or watchman's staff.

Ware

WARE, pret. of wear, obs. It is now written wore.

Ware

WARE, adjective [Saxon war; Danish voer. It belongs to the root of ward. We never use ware by itself. But we use it in aware, beware, and in wary. It was formerly in use.]

1. Being in expectation of; provided against. 2 Timothy 4.

2. Wary; cautious.

Milton.

Ware

WARE, verb intransitive To take heed of. [We now use beware as a single word, though in fact it is not.]

Then ware a rising tempest on the main. Obs.

Dryden.

Ware

WARE, verb transitive pret. wore. [This is evidently from the root of veer. See Veer.]

To cause a ship to change her course from one board to the other, by turning her stern to the wind; opposed to tacking, in which the head is turned to the wind; as, to ware ship. We wore ship and stood to the southward.

Ware

WARE, noun plu. wares. [Saxon ware; Dutch waar; German waare; Swedish vara; Danish vare.]

Goods; commodities; merchandise; usually in the plural; but we say, China ware, earthern-ware, potters' ware. It was formerly used in the singular, and may be so used still.

Let the dark shop commend the ware.

Cleaveland.

Sea ware, a marine plant, a species of Fucus.

Lee.

Wareful

WA'REFUL, adjective [from ware, wary.] Wary; watchful; cautious. [Not used.]

Warefulness

WA'REFULNESS, noun Wariness; cautiousness. Obs.

Warehouse

WA'REHOUSE, noun [ware and house.] A storehouse for goods.

Addison.

Warehouse

WA'REHOUSE, v. t. s as z. To deposit or secure in a warehouse.

Warehoused

WA'REHOUSED, participle passive Placed in a store for safe keeping.

Warehousing

WA'REHOUSING, participle of the present tense Repositing in a store for safe keeping.

Wareless

WA'RELESS, adjective Unwary; incautious. Obs.

Spenser.

2. Suffered unawares. Obs.

Warely

WA'RELY, adverb Cautiously. Obs. [See Warily.]

Warfare

WAR'FARE, noun [war and fare, Saxon faran, to go.] Military service; military life; war.

The Philistines gathered their armies for warfare. 1 Samuel 28.

2. Contest; struggle with spiritual enemies.

The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Corinthians 10.

Warfare

WAR'FARE, verb intransitive To lead a military life; to carry on continual wars.

In that credulous warfaring age. [Little used.]

Camden.

Warhable

WAR'HABLE, adjective [war and Latin habilis.] Fit for war. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Warhoop

WAR'HOOP, noun [war and hoop.] The savage yell of war; a yell uttered on entering into battle.

Warily

WA'RILY, adverb [from wary.] Cautiously; with timorous prudence or wise foresight. Great enterprises are to be conducted warily. Change of laws should be warily proceeded in.

Hooker.

Warine

WAR'INE, noun A species of monkey of S. America.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Wariness

WA'RINESS, noun Caution; prudent care to foresee and guard against evil. The road was so slippery, and the danger so great, that we were obliged to proceed with wariness.

To determine what are little things in religion, great wariness is to be used.

Sprat.

Wark

WARK, noun Work; a building.

Spenser.

[It is obsolete, except in bulwark.]

Warlike

WAR'LIKE, adjective [war and like.] Fit for war; disposed for war; as a warlike state.

Old Siward with ten thousand warlike men.

Shak.

2. Military; pertaining to war; as warlike toil.

Milton.

3. Having a martial appearance.

4. Having the appearance of war.

Warlikeness

WAR'LIKENESS, noun A warlike disposition or character. [Little used.]

Sandys.

Warling

WAR'LING, noun One often quarreled with; a word coined perhaps to rhyme with darling. [Not in use.]

Camden.

Warlock

WAR'LOCK, or WAR'LUCK, noun [woer-loga, in Saxon, signifies perfidious, false to convenants. Qu. Icelandic vard-lookr.]

A male witch; a wizard.

Dryden.

[This word is not in use.]

Warm

WARM, a. waurm. [Gothic Dutch German warm; Saxon wearm; Swedish Danish varm; Ant. Latin formus. This word is probably a derivative from the root of Latin ferveo, whence fermentum, barm. See Swarm.]

1. Having heat in a moderate degree; not cold; as warm blood; warm milk. The flesh of living animals is warm, if their blood is warm. But some animals have not warm blood.

2. Subject to heat; having prevalence of heat, or little or no winter; as the warm climate of Egypt.

3. Zealous; ardent; as, to be warm in the cause of our country or of religion.

Each warm wish springs mutual from the heart.

Pope.

4. Habitually ardent or passionate; keen; irritable; as a warm temper.

5. Easily excited or provoked; irritable; as warm passions.

6. Violent; furious; as a warm contest. We shall have warm work to-day.

7. Busy in action; heated in action; ardent. Be warm in fight.

8. Fanciful; enthusiastic; as a warm head.

9. Vigorous; sprightly.

Now warm in youth, now withering in thy bloom,

Lost in a convent's solitary gloom.

Pope.

Warm

WARM, verb transitive [Saxon wearmian; Gothic warmyan.]

1. To communicate a moderate degree of heat to; as, a stove warms an apartment. The sun in summer warms the earth, and gives life to vegetation.

2. To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; as, to warm the heart with love or zeal.

I formerly warmed my head with reading controversial writings.

Pope.

Warm

WARM, verb intransitive To become moderately heated. The earth soon warms in a clear day in summer.

2. To become ardent or animated. The speaker should warm as he proceeds in the argument, for as he becomes animated, he excites more interest in his audience.

Warmed

WARM'ED, participle passive Moderately heated; made ardent; excited.

Warming

WARM'ING, participle of the present tense Making moderately hot; making ardent or zealous.

Warming-Pan

WARM'ING-PAN, noun [warm and pan.] A covered pan with a long handle, for warming a bed with ignited coals.

Warming-Stone

WARM'ING-STONE, noun [warm and stone.] A stone dug in Cornwall, which retains heat a great while, and has been found to give ease in internal hemorrhoids.

Ray.

Warmly

WARM'LY, adverb With gentle heat.

Milton.

2. Eagerly; earnestly; ardently; as, to espouse warmly the cause of Bible societies.

Warmness

WARM'NESS, or WARMTH, noun Gentle heat; as the warmth of the blood.

2. Zeal; ardor; fervor; as the warmth of love or of piety.

3. Earnestness; eagerness. The cause of the Greeks has been espoused with warmth by all parties in free countries.

4. Excitement; animation; as the warmth of passion. The preacher declaimed with great warmth against the vices of the age.

5. Fancifulness; enthusiasm; as warmth of head.

Temple.

6. In painting, the fiery effect given to a red color by a small addition of yellow.

Cyc.

Warn

WARN, v. t. waurn. [Saxon warnian; Swedish varna; German warnen; formed on the root of ware, wary, Saxon warian. This is our garnish, as used in law, Norm. garnisher; also garner, for guarner, to warn, to admonish or give notice.]

1. To give notice of approaching or probable danger or evil, that it may be avoided; to caution against any thing that may prove injurious.

Juturna warns the Daunian chief

Of Lausus' dangerÃ‚--

Dryden.

Being warned of God in a dream, that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way. Matthew 2.

2. To caution against evil practices. 1 Thessalonians 5.

3. To admonish of any duty.

CorneliusÃ‚--was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee. Acts 10.

4. To inform previously; to give notice to.

Shak.

Ã‚--Warn'd of th' ensuing fight.

Dryden.

5. To notify by authority; to summon; as, to warn the citizens to meet on a certain day; to warn soldiers to appear on parade.

6. To ward off. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Warned

WARN'ED, participle passive Cautioned against danger; admonished of approaching evil; notified.

Warner

WARN'ER, noun An admonisher.

Warning

WARN'ING, participle of the present tense Cautioning against danger; admonishing; giving notice to; summoning to meet or appear.

Warning

WARN'ING, noun Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which incur danger.

Could warning make the world more just or wise.

Dryden.

Hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me. Ezekiel 3.

2. Previous notice; as a short warning. He had a month's warning.

Dryden.

War-Office

WAR'-OFFICE, noun An office in which the military affairs of a country are superintended and managed.

U. States.

Warp

WARP, n. waurp. [Saxon wearp; Dutch werp, a cast or throw. See the Verb.]

1. In manufactures, the threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and crossed by the woof.

2. In a ship, a rope employed in drawing, towing or removing a ship or boat; a towing line.

Mar. Dict.

3. In agriculture, a slimy substance deposited on land by marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is formed. [Local.]

Cyc.

4. In cows, a miscarriage. [See the Verb.] [Local.]

Warp

WARP, verb intransitive [Saxon weorpan, wurpan, wyrpan, to throw, to return; German werfen, to cast or throw, to whelp; Dutch werpen, to throw or fling, to whelp, kitten or litter; Danish voerper, to lay eggs; varper, to tow; Swedish v?rpa, to lay eggs; Irish Gaelic, fiaram, to bend, twist, incline.]

1. To turn, twist or be twisted out of a straight direction; as, a board warps in seasoning, or in the heat of the sun, by shrinking.

They clamp one piece of wood to the end of another, to keep it from casting or warping.

Moxon.

2. To turn or incline from a straight, true or proper course; to deviate.

There's our commission,

From which we would not have you warp.

Shak.

Methinks

My favor here begins to warp.

Shak.

3. To fly with a bending or waving motion; to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or insects. The following use of warp is inimitably beautiful.

As when the potent rod

Of Amram's son, in Egypt's evil day,

Wav'd round the coast, up called a pitchy cloud

Of locusts, warping on the eastern windÃ‚--

Milton.

4. To slink; to cast the young prematurely; as cows.

In an enclosure near a dog-kennel, eight heifers out of twenty warped. [Local.]

Cyc.

Warp

WARP, verb transitive To turn or twist out of shape, or out of a straight direction, by contraction. The heat of the sun warps boards and timber.

2. To turn aside from the true direction; to cause to bend or incline; to pervert.

This first avow'd, nor folly warp'd my mind.

Dryden.

I have no private considerations to warp me in this controversy.

Addison.

Ã‚--Zeal, to a degree of warmth able to warp the sacred rule of God's word.

Locke.

3. In seamen's language, to tow or move with a line or warp, attached to buoys, to anchors or to other ships, &c. by which means a ship is drawn, usually in a bending course or with various turns.

4. In rural economy, to cast the young prematurely. [Local.]

Cyc.

5. In agriculture, to inundate, as land, with sea water; or to let in the tide, for the purpose of fertilizing the ground by a deposit of warp or slimy substance. Warp here is the throw, or that which is cast by the water. [Local in Lincolnshire and York-shire, Eng.]

Cyc.

6. In rope-making, to run the yarn off the winches into hauls to be tarred.

To warp water, in Shakspeare, is forced and unusual; indeed it is not English.

Warped

WARP'ED, participle passive Twisted by shrinking or seasoning; turned out of the true direction; perverted; moved with a warp; overflowed.

Warping

WARP'ING, participle of the present tense Turning or twisting; causing to incline; perverting; moving with a warp; enriching by overflowing with tide water.

Warping-Bank

WARP'ING-BANK, noun A bank or mound of earth raised round a field for retaining the water let in from the sea. [Local.]

Cyc.

Warping-Clough

WARP'ING-CLOUGH, or WARP'ING-HATCH, or WARP'ING-SLUICE, noun A flood gate to let in tide water upon land. [Local.]

Warping-Cut

WARP'ING-CUT, or WARP'ING-DRAIN, or WARP'ING-GUTTER, noun An open passage or channel for discharging the water from lands inundated. [Local.]

Cyc.

Warping-Hook

WARP'ING-HOOK, noun A hook used by rope-makers for hanging the yarn on, when warping into hauls for tarring.

Cyc.

Warping-Post

WARP'ING-POST, noun A strong post used in warping rope yarn.

Cyc.

Warproof

WAR'PROOF, noun [war and proof.] Valor tried by war.

Warrant

WAR'RANT, verb transitive [Gaelic, barantas, a warrant or pledge; baranta, a warrantee or surety; Welsh gwarantu, to warrant or guarantee; gwarant, warrant, attestation, authority, security; said to be from gwar, smooth, placid, secure; Norm. garranty, warranted, proved; garren, [guarren,] a warren; French garantir, [guarantir,] to warrant; garenne, a warren; Italian guarentire. This is from the root of guard, warren and wary. The primary sense of the root is to stop or hold, or to repel, and thus guard by resisting danger; as we say, to keep off. Hence the sense of security. The Welsh sense of smooth, placid, is derivative, either from security, or from repressing. See Guard and Garrison.]

1. To authorize; to give authority or power to do or forbear any thing, by which the person authorized is secured or saved harmless from any loss or damage by the act. A commission warrants an officer to seize an enemy. We are not warranted to resist legitimate government, except in extreme cases.

2. To maintain; to support by authority or proof.

Reason warrants it, and we may safely receive it as true.

3. To justify.

True fortitude is seen in great exploits,

That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides.

Addison.

4. To secure; to exempt; to privilege.

I'll warrant him from drowning.

Shak.

In a place

Less warranted than this, or less secure,

I cannot beÃ‚--

Milton.

5. To declare with assurance.

My neck is as smooth as silk, I warrant ye.

L'Estrange.

6. In law, to secure to a grantee an estate granted; to assure.

7. To secure to a purchaser of goods the title to the same; or to indemnify him against loss.

8. To secure to a purchaser the good quality of the goods sold. [See Warranty.]

9. To assure that a thing is what it appears to be, which implies a covenant to make good any defect or loss incurred by it.

Warrant

WAR'RANT, noun An act, instrument or obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or instrument investing one with a right or authority, and thus securing him from loss or damage; a word of general application.

2. A precept authorizing an officer to seize an offender and bring him to justice. A general warrant to seize suspected persons, is illegal.

3. Authority; power that authorizes or justifies any act. Those who preach the gospel have the warrant of Scripture. We have the warrant of natural right to do what the laws do not forbid; but civility and propriety may sometimes render things improper, which natural right warants.

4. A commission that gives authority, or that justifies.

5. A voucher; that which attests or proves.

6. Right; legality.

There's warrant in that theft

Which steals itself when there's no mercy left. Obs.

Shak.

7. A writing which authorizes a person to receive money or other thing.

Warrant of attorney, that by which a man appoints another to act in his name, and warrants his transaction.

Land warrant, is an instrument or writing issued by the proper officer, authorizing a person to locate or take up a tract of new or uncultivated land.

U. States.

Search warrant, a precept authorizing a person to enter houses, shops, &c. to search for a criminal, for stolen or smuggled goods.

Warrant officer, an officer holding a warrant from the navy board, such as the master, surgeon, purser, &c. of a ship.

Warrantable

WAR'RANTABLE, adjective Authorized by commission, precept or right; justifiable; defensible. The seizure of a thief is always warrantable by law and justice. Falsehood is never warrantable.

His meals are coarse and short, his employment warrantable.

South.

Warrantableness

WAR'RANTABLENESS, noun The quality of being justifiable.

Sidney.

Warrantably

WAR'RANTABLY, adverb In a manner that may be justified; justifiably.

Wake.

Warranted

WAR'RANTED, participle passive Authorized; justified; secured; assured by covenant or by implied obligation.

Warrantee

WARRANTEE', noun The person to whom land or other thing is warranted.

Chaldee Justice Parsons.

Warranter

WAR'RANTER, noun One who gives authority or legally empowers.

2. One who assures, or covenants to assure; one who contracts to secure another in a right, or to make good any defect of title or quality; as the warranter of a horse.

Warranting

WAR'RANTING, participle of the present tense Authorizing; empowering.

2. Assuring; securing to another a right, or covenanting to make good a defect of title in lands, or of quality in goods.

Warrantise

WAR'RANTISE, noun Authority; security. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Warrantor

WAR'RANTOR, noun One who warrants.

Warranty

WAR'RANTY, noun In law, a promise or covenant by deed, made by the bargainer for himself and his heirs, to warrant or secure the bargainee and his heirs against all men in the enjoyment of an estate or other thing granted. Such warranty passes from the seller to the buyer, from the feoffor to the feoffee, and from the releaser to the releasee. Warranty is real, when annexed to lands and tenements granted in fee or for life, &c. and is in deed or in law; and personal, when it respects goods sold or their quality.

In common recoveries, a fictitious person is called to warranty. In the sale of goods or personal property, the seller warrants the title; for warranty is express or implied. If a man sells goods which are not his own, or which he has no right to sell, the purchaser may have satisfaction for the injury. And if the seller expressly warrants the goods to be sound and not defective, and they prove to be otherwise, he must indemnify the purchaser; for the law implies a contract in the warranty, to make good any defect. But the warranty must be at the time of sale, and not afterwards.

Blackstone.

2. Authority; justificatory mandate or precept.

If they disobey any precept, that is no excuse to us, nor gives us any warranty to disobey likewise.

Kettlewell.

[In this sense, warrant is now used.]

3. Security.

The stamp was a warranty of the public.

Locke.

Warranty

WAR'RANTY, verb transitive To warrant; to guaranty. [A useless word.]

Warray

WARRA'Y, verb transitive [French guerroyer, from guerre.] To make war upon. Obs.

Spenser.

Warre

WARRE, adjective [Saxon woerra, for woersa.] Worse. Obs.

Spenser.

Warren

WAR'REN, noun [from the root of wear, an inclosed place; French garenne; Dutch waarande; Gothic waryan, Saxon warian, to defend. See Guard, Warrant and Wary.]

1. A piece of ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.

2. In law, a franchise or place privileged by prescription or grant from the king, for keeping beasts and fowls. The warren is the next franchise in degree to the park; and a forest, which is the highest in dignity, comprehends a chase, a park and a free warren.

Cyc.

3. A place for keeping fish in a river.

Cyc.

Warrener

WAR'RENER, noun The keeper of a warren.

Johnson.

Warriangle

WAR'RIANGLE, noun A hawk.

Ainsworth.

Warrior

WAR'RIOR, noun [from war; French guerrier; Italian guerriere; Spanish guerrero, guerreador.]

1. In a general sense, a soldier; a man engaged in military life.

2. Emphatically, a brave man; a good soldier.

Warrioress

WAR'RIORESS, noun A female warrior.

Spenser.

Wart

WART, n. waurt. [Saxon weart; Dutch wrat; German warze; Swedish v?rta; Latin verruca; French verrue.]

1. A hard excrescence on the skin of animals, which is covered with the production of the cuticle. In horses, warts are spungy excrescences on the hinder pasterns, which suppurate.

Cyc.

2. A protuberance on trees.

Warted

WART'ED, adjective In botany, having little knobs on the surface; verrucose; as a warted capsule.

Martyn.

Wartwort

WART'WORT, noun A plant of the genus Euphorbia or spurge, which is studded with hard warty knobs; also, a plant of the genus Heliotropium, and another of the genus Lapsana.

Cyc. Lee.

Warty

WART'Y, adjective Having warts; full of warts; overgrown with warts; as a warty leaf.

Lee.

2. Of the nature of warts.

War-Worn

WAR'-WORN, adjective [war and worn.] Worn with military service; as a war-worn coat; a war-worn soldier.

Wary

WA'RY, adjective [Saxon woer; Icelandic var. See Ware and Warn.]

Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, artifices and dangers; scrupulous; timorously prudent. Old men are usually more wary than the young. It is incumbent on a general in war to be always wary.

Was

WAS, s as z; the past tense of the substantive verb; Saxon Gothic wesan; Latin esse, for vesse, to be, to exist, whence is, in the present tense, and was in the past; as, I was; he was.

Wash

WASH, verb transitive [Saxon woescan; German waschen; Dutch wasschen.]

1. To cleanse by ablution, or by rubbing in water; as, to wash the hands or the body; to wash garments.

2. To wet; to fall on and moisten; as, the rain washes the flowers or plants.

3. To overflow. The tides wash the meadows.

4. To overflow or dash against; to cover with water; as, the waves wash the strand or shore; the sea washes the rocks on the shore or beach.

5. To scrub in water; as, to wash a deck or a floor.

6. To separate extraneous matter from; as, to wash ore; to wash grain.

7. In painting, to lay a color over any work with a pencil, to give it the proper tints, and make it appear more natural. Thus work is washed with a pale red to imitate brick, &c.

8. To rub over with some liquid substance; as, to wash trees for removing insects or diseases.

9. To squeeze and cleanse in water; as, to wash wool. So sheep are said to be washed, when they are immersed in water and their wool squeezed, by which means it is cleansed.

10. To cleanse by a current of water; as, showers wash the streets.

11. To overlay with a thin coat of metal; as steel washed with silver.

12. To purify from the pollution of sin.

But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Corinthians 6.

To wash a ship, to bring all her guns to one side to make her heel, and then to wash and scrape her side.

Wash

WASH, verb intransitive To perform the act of ablution.

Wash in Jordan seven times. 2 Kings 5.

[Elliptical.]

2. To perform the business of cleansing clothes in water.

She can wash and scour.

Shak.

To wash off, in calico-printing, to soak and rinse printed calicoes, to dissolve and remove the gum and paste.

Cyc.

Wash

WASH, noun Alluvial matter; substances collected and deposited by water; as the wash of a river.

2. A bog; a marsh; a fen.

Neptune's salt wash.

Shak.

3. A cosmetic; as a wash for the face, to help the complexion.

4. A lotion; a medical liquid preparation for external application.

5. A superficial stain or color.

Collier.

6. Waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs.

7. The act of washing the clothes of a family; or the whole quantity washed at once. There is a great wash, or a small wash.

8. With distillers, the fermentable liquor made by dissolving the proper subject for fermentation and distillation in common water. In the distillery of malt, the wash is made by mixing the water hot, with the malt ground into meal.

Cyc.

9. The shallow part of a river, or arm of the sea; as the washes in Lincolnshire.

Cyc.

10. The blade of an oar; the thin part, which enters the water and by whose impulse the boat is moved.

11. The color laid on a picture to vary its tints.

12. A substance laid on boards or other work for beauty or preservation.

13. A thin coat of metal.

14. In the Welsh Indies, a mixture of dunder, melasses, water and scummings, for distillation.

Edwards, Welsh Ind.

Wash-Ball

WASH'-BALL, noun [wash and ball.] A ball of soap, to be used in washing the hands or face.

Wash-Board

WASH'-BOARD, noun [wash and board.] A broad thin plank, fixed occasionally on the top of a boat or other small vessels' side, to prevent the sea from breaking over; also, a piece of plank on the sill of a lower deck port for the same purpose.

Mar. Dict.

2. A board in a room, next to the floor.

Washed

WASH'ED, participle passive Cleansed in water; purified.

2. Overflowed; dashed against with water.

3. Covered over with a thin coat, as of metal.

Washer

WASH'ER, noun One who washes.

2. An iron ring between the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin.

Washer-Woman

WASH'ER-WOMAN, noun A woman that washes clothes for others or for hire.

Washing

WASH'ING, participle of the present tense Cleansing with water; purifying; overflowing; overspreading.

Washing

WASH'ING, noun The act of cleansing with water; ablution. Hebrews 9.

2. A wash; or the clothes washed.

Wash-Pot

WASH'-POT, noun A vessel in which any thing is washed.

Cowley.

Wash-Tub

WASH'-TUB, noun A tub in which clothes are washed.

Washy

WASH'Y, adjective [from wash.] Watery; damp; soft; as the washy ooze.

Milton.

2. Weak; not solid.

Wotton.

3. Weak; not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labor; as a washy horse. [New England.]

Wasp

WASP, noun [Saxon woesp or woeps; Dutch wesp; German wespe; Latin vespa; French guÃƒ-¨pe; Spanish avispa; Portugese bespa.]

In entomology, a genus of insects, Vespa, of the order of Hymenopters. The mouth is horny, the jaw compressed, without a proboscis; the feelers four, unequal and filiform; the eyes lunated; the body smooth; the sting concealed, and the upper wings plicated. Wasps construct combs, and rear their young in the cells. The sting is painful.

Cyc.

Wasp-Fly

WASP'-FLY, noun A species of fly resembling a wasp, but having no sting, and but two wings.

Cyc.

Waspish

WASP'ISH, adjective Snappish; petulant; irritable; irascible; quick to resent any trifling affront.

Much do I suffer, much, to keep in peace

This jealous, waspish, wrong-head, rhyming race.

Pope.

Waspishly

WASP'ISHLY, adverb Petulantly; in a snappish manner.

Waspishness

WASP'ISHNESS, noun Petulance; irascibility; snappishness.

Wassail

WAS'SAIL, noun [Saxon woes-hoel, health-liquor.]

1. A liquor made of apples, sugar and ale, formerly much used by English goodfellows.

Johnson.

2. A drunken bout.

Shak.

3. A merry song.

Ainsworth.

[This word is unknown in America.]

Wassail

WAS'SAIL, verb intransitive To hold a merry drinking meeting.

Wassail-Bowl

WAS'SAIL-BOWL, noun A bowl for holding wassail.

Wassail-Cup

WAS'SAIL-CUP, noun A cup in which was-sail was carried to the company.

Cyc.

Wassailer

WAS'SAILER, noun A toper; a drunkard.

Milton.

Wast

WAST, past tense of the substantive verb, in the second person; as, thou wast.

Waste

WASTE, verb transitive [Saxon westan, awestan; German verwÃƒ-¼sten; Dutch verwoesten; Latin vasto; Italian guastare; Spanish Portugese gastar, for guastar; French gÃƒ-¢ter; Armoric goasta. The Welsh gwasgaru, to scatter, seems to be compound. The primary sense is probably to scatter, to spread. Class Bz. No. 2.]

1. To diminish by gradual dissipation or loss. Thus disease wastes the patient; sorrows waste the strength and spirits.

2. To cause to be lost; to destroy by scattering or by injury. Thus cattle waste their fodder when fed in the open field.

3. To expend without necessity or use; to destroy wantonly or luxuriously; to squander; to cause to be lost through wantonness or negligence. Careless people waste their fuel, their food or their property. Children waste their inheritance.

And wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke 15.

4. To destroy in enmity; to desolate; as, to waste an enemy's country.

5. To suffer to be lost unnecessarily; or to throw away; as, to waste the blood and treasure of a nation.

6. To destroy by violence.

The Tyber

Insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds.

Dryden.

7. To impair strength gradually.

Now wasting years my former strength confounds.

Broome.

8. To lose in idleness or misery; to wear out.

Here condemn'd

To waste eternal days in woe and pain.

Milton.

9. To spend; to consume.

O were I able

To waste it all myself, and leave you none.

Milton.

10. In law, to damage, impair or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, &c. to go to decay. See the Noun.

11. To exhaust; to be consumed by time or mortality.

Till your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness. Numbers 14.

12. To scatter and lose for want of use or of occupiers.

Full many a flow'r is born to blush unseen,

And waste its sweetness on the desert air.

Gray.

Waste

WASTE, verb intransitive To dwindle; to be diminished; to lose bulk or substance gradually; as, the body wastes in sickness.

The barrel of meal shall not waste. 1 Kings 17.

2. To be diminished or lost by slow dissipation, consumption or evaporation; as, water wastes by evaporation; fuel wastes in combustion.

3. To be consumed by time or mortality.

But man dieth, and wasteth away. Job 14.

Waste

WASTE, adjective Destroyed; ruined.

The Sophi leaves all waste in his retreat.

Milton.

2. Desolate; uncultivated; as a waste country; a waste howling wilderness. Deuteronomy 32.

3. Destitute; stripped; as lands laid waste.

4. Superfluous; lost for want of occupiers.

Ã‚--And strangled with her waste fertility.

Milton.

5. Worthless; that which is rejected, or used only for mean purposes; as waste wood.

6. That of which no account is taken, or of which no value is found; as waste paper.

7. Uncultivated; untilled; unproductive.

There is yet much waste land in England.

Cyc.

Laid waste, desolated; ruined.

Waste

WASTE, noun The act of squandering; the dissipation of property through wantonness, ambition, extravagance, luxury or negligence.

For all this waste of wealth, and loss of blood.

Milton.

2. Consumption; loss; useless expense; any loss or destruction which is neither necessary nor promotive of a good end; a loss for which there is no equivalent; as a waste of goods or money; a waste of time; a waste of labor; a waste of words.

Little wastes in great establishments, constantly occurring, may defeat the energies of a mighty capital.

Latin Beecher.

3. A desolate or uncultivated country. The plains of Arabia are mostly a wide waste.

4. Land untilled, though capable of tillage; as the wastes in England.

5. Ground, space or place unoccupied; as the etherial waste.

In the dead waste and middle of the night.

Shak.

6. Region ruined and deserted.

All the leafy nation sinks at last,

And Vulcan rides in triumph o'er the waste.

Dryden.

7. Mischief; destruction.

He will never, I think, in the way of waste, attempt us again.

Shak.

8. In law, spoil, destruction or injury done to houses, woods, fences, lands, &c., by a tenant for life or for years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. Waste is voluntary, as by pulling down buildings; or permissive, as by suffering them to fall for want of necessary repairs. Whatever does a lasting damage to the freehold, is a waste.

Blackstone.

Wasted

WASTED, participle passive Expended without necessity or use; lost through negligence; squandered.

2. Diminished; dissipated; evaporated; exhausted.

3. Desolated; ruined; destroyed.

Wasteful

WASTEF:UL, adjective Lavish; prodigal; expending property, or that which is valuable, without necessity or use; applied to persons.

2. Destructive to property; ruinous; as wasteful practices or negligence; wasteful expenses.

3. Desolate; unoccupied; untilled; uncultivated.

In wilderness and wasteful deserts stray'd.

Spenser.

Wastefully

WASTEF:ULLY, adverb In a lavish manner; with prodigality; in useless expenses or consumption.

Her lavish hand is wastefully profuse.

Dryden.

Wastefulness

WASTEF:ULNESS, noun Lavishness; prodigality; the act or practice of expending what is valuable without necessity or use.

Waste-Gate

WASTE-GATE, noun A gate to let the water of a pond pass off when it is not wanted.

Cyc.

Wastel

WAS'TEL, noun A particular sort of bread; fine bread or cake.

Lowth. Cyc.

Wasteness

WASTENESS, noun A desolate state; solitude.

That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness. Zephaniah 1.

Waster

WASTER, noun One who is prodigal; one who squanders property; one who consumes extravagantly or without use.

He also that is slothful in his work, is brother to him who is a great waster. Proverbs 18.

Sconces are great wasters of candles.

Swift.

2. A kind of cudgel.

Beaum.

Wastethrift

WASTETHRIFT, noun [waste and thrift.] A spendthrift.

Beaum.

Waste-Wier

WASTE-WIER, noun An overfall or wier for the superfluous water of a canal.

Cyc.

Wasting

WASTING, participle of the present tense Lavishing prodigally; expending or consuming without use; diminishing by slow dissipation; desolating; laying waste.

Wasting and relentless war has made ravages, with but few and short intermissions, from the days of the tyrant Nimrod down to the Nimrod of our own age.

J. Lyman.

2. adjective Diminishing by dissipation or by great destruction; as a wasting disease.

Wastrel

WASTREL, noun A state of waste or common. [Local.]

Wastrel

WASTREL, or WASTOREL, noun Waste substances; any thing cast away as bad. [Local.]

Cyc.

Watch

WATCH, noun [Saxon woecca, from woecan, woeccan, to wake; Swedish vacht or vakt, watch, guard; vachta, to watch; Danish vagt. It is from the same root as wake, which see.]

1. Forbearance of sleep.

2. Attendance without sleep.

All the long night their mournful watch they keep.

Addison.

3. Attention; close observation. Keep watch of the suspicious man.

4. Guard; vigilance for keeping or protecting against danger.

He kept both watch and ward.

Spenser.

5. A watchman, or watchmen; men set for a guard, either one person or more, set to espy the approach of an enemy or other danger, and to give an alarm or notice of such danger; a sentinel; a guard. He kept a watch at the gate.

Bacon.

Ye have a watch; go your way, make it as sure as ye can. Matthew 27.

6. The place where a guard is kept.

He upbraids lago, that he made him

Brave me upon the watch.

Shak.

7. Post or office of a watchman.

As I did stand my watch upon the hillÃ‚--

Shak.

8. A period of the night, in which one person or one set of persons stand as sentinels; or the time from one relief of sentinels to another. This period among the Israelites, seems to have been originally four hours, but was afterwards three hours, and there were four watches during the night. Hence we read in Scripture of the morning watch, and of the second, third and fourth watch; the evening watch commencing at six o'clock, the second at nine, the third at twelve, and the fourth at three in the morning. Exodus 14. Matthew 14. Luke 12.

9. A small time piece or chronometer, to be carried in the pocket or about the person, in which the machinery is moved by a spring.

10. At sea, the space of time during which one set or division of the crew remain on deck to perform the necessary duties. This is different in different nations.

Cyc.

To be on the watch, to be looking steadily for some event.

Watch

WATCH, verb intransitive [Saxon wacian, woecan; Swedish v?cka, upv?cka; Danish voekker; German wachen; Russian vetchayu.]

1. To be awake; to be or continue without sleep.

I have two nights watch'd with you.

Shak.

2. To be attentive; to look with attention or steadiness. Watch and see when the man passes.

3. To look with expectation.

My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning. Psalm 130.

4. To keep guard; to act as sentinel; to look for danger.

He gave signal to the minister that watch'd.

Milton.

5. To be attentive; to be vigilant in preparation for an event or trial, the time of whose arrival is uncertain.

Watch therefore; for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. Matthew 24.

6. To be insidiously attentive; as, to watch for an opportunity to injure another.

7. To attend on the sick during the night; as, to watch with a man in a fever.

To watch over, to be cautiously observant of; to inspect; superintend and guard from error and danger. It is our duty constantly to watch over our own conduct and that of our children.

Watch

WATCH, verb transitive To guard; to have in keeping.

Flaming ministers watch and tend their charge.

Milton.

2. To observe in ambush; to lie in wait for.

Saul also sent messengers to David's house to watch him, and to slay him. 1 Samuel 19.

3. To tend; to guard.

Paris watched the flocks in the groves of Ida.

Broome.

4. To observe in order to detect or prevent, or for some particular purpose; as, to watch a suspected person; to watch the progress of a bill in the legislature.

Watched

WATCH'ED, participle passive Guarded; observed with steady vigilance.

Watcher

WATCH'ER, noun One who sits up or continues awake; particularly, one who attends upon the sick during the night.

2. A diligent observer; as an attentive watcher of the works of nature. [Not in use.]

More.

Watchet

WATCH'ET, adjective [Saxon woeced, weak.] Pale or light blue.

Who stares in Germany at watchet eyes? [Not in use.]

Dryden.

Watchful

WATCH'F:UL, adjective Vigilant; attentive; careful to observe; observant; cautious. It has of before the thing to be regulated, as to be watchful of one's behavior; and against, before the thing to be avoided, as to be watchful against the growth of vicious habits.

Locke. Law.

Watchfully

WATCH'F:ULLY, adverb Vigilantly; heedfully; with careful observation of the approach of evil, or attention to duty.

Boyle.

Watchfulness

WATCH'F:ULNESS, noun Vigilance; heedfulness; heed; suspicious attention; careful and diligent observation for the purpose of preventing or escaping danger, or of avoiding mistakes and misconduct.

2. Wakefulness; indisposition or inability to sleep.

WatchfulnessÃ‚--often precedes too great sleepiness.

Arbuthnot.

Watch-Glass

WATCH-GLASS, noun [watch and glass.] In ships, a half hour glass, used to measure the time of a watch on deck.

2. A concavo-convex glass for covering the face or dial of a watch.

Watch-House

WATCH'-HOUSE, noun [watch and house.] A house in which a watch or guard is placed.

Gay.

Watching

WATCH'ING, participle of the present tense Being awake; guarding; attending the sick; carefully observing.

Watching

WATCH'ING, noun Wakefulness; inability to sleep.

Wiseman.

Watch-Light

WATCH'-LIGHT, noun [watch and light.] A candle with a rush wick.

Addison.

Watchmaker

WATCH'MAKER, noun [watch and maker.] One whose occupation is to make and repair watches.

Watchman

WATCH'MAN, noun [watch and man.] A sentinel; a guard.

Swift.

Watchtower

WATCH'TOWER, noun [watch and tower.] A tower on which a sentinel is placed to watch for enemies or the approach of danger.

Bacon.

Watchword

WATCH'WORD, noun [watch and word.] The word given to sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person who has a right to pass the watch, from one who has not.

Water

WATER, n. wau'ter. [Saxon woeter, woes; Dutch water; German wasser; Danish vater; Swedish vatten; Gothic wato; Russian voda. This may be from the root of wet, Greek. In Arabic wadi signifies a stream, or the channel where water flows in winter, but which is dry in summer; a thing common on the plains of Syria and Arabia.]

1. A fluid, the most abundant and most necessary for living beings of any in nature, except air. Water when pure, is colorless, destitute of taste and smell, ponderous, transparent, and in a very small degree compressible. It is reposited in the earth in inexhaustible quantities, where it is preserved fresh and cool, and from which it issues in springs, which form streams and rivers. But the great reservoirs of water on the globe are the ocean, seas and lakes, which cover more than three fifths of its surface, and from which it is raised by evaporation, and uniting with the air in the state of vapor, is wafted over the earth, ready to be precipitated in the form of rain, snow or hail.

Water by the abstraction or loss of heat, becomes solid, or in other words, is converted into ice or snow; and by heat it is converted into steam, an elastic vapor, one of the most powerful agents in nature. Modern chimical experiments prove that water is a compound substance, consisting of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or rather the bases or ponderable matter of those gases; or about two volumes or measures of hydrogen gas and one of oxygen gas. The proportion of the ingredients in weight, is nearly 85 parts of oxygen to 15 of hydrogen.

Lavoisier. Vauquelin. Fourcroy.

2. The ocean; a sea; a lake; a river; any great collection of water; as in the phrases, to go by water, to travel by water.

3. Urine; the animal liquor secreted by the kidneys and discharged from the bladder.

4. The color or luster of a diamond or pearl, sometimes perhaps of other precious stones; as a diamond of the first water, that is, perfectly pure and transparent. Hence the figurative phrase, a man or a genius of the first water, that is, of the first excellence.

5. Water is a name given to several liquid substances or humors in animal bodies; as the water of the pericardium, of dropsy, &c.

Cyc.

Mineral waters, are those waters which are so impregnated with foreign ingredients, such as gaseous, sulphureous and saline substances, as to give them medicinal, or at least sensible properties. Most natural waters contain more or less of these foreign substances, but the proportion is generally too minute to affect the senses.

Dutch Olmsted.

To hold water, to be sound or tight. [Obsolete or vulgar.]

L'Estrange.

Water-Bearer

WATER-BEARER, noun [water and bearer.] In astronomy, a sign of the zodiac, called also Aquarius, from Latin aqua, water.

Water-Bellows

WATER-BELLOWS, noun [water and bellows.]

A machine for blowing air into a furnace, by means of a column of water falling through a vertical tube.

Cyc.

Water-Borne

WATER-BORNE, noun Borne by the water; floated; having water sufficient to float; as ships water-borne by the flowing tide.

Smollett.

Water-Calamint

WATER-CAL'AMINT, noun [water and calamint.] A species of mint or Mentha.

Cyc.

Water-Carriage

WATER-CARRIAGE, noun [water and carriage.]

1. Transportation or conveyance by water; or the means of transporting by water.

2. A vessel or boat. [Not in use.]

Arbuthnot.

Water-Cart

WATER-C`ART, noun [water and cart.] A cart bearing a large cask of water which is conveyed into a cylinder full of holes, by means of which the water is sprinkled upon the ground.

Water-Clock

WATER-CLOCK, noun [water and clock.] The clepsydra; an instrument or machine serving to measure time by the fall of a certain quantity of water.

Encyc.

Water-Color

WATER-COLOR, noun [water and color.] Water-colors, in painting or limning, are colors diluted and mixed with gum-water. Water-colors are so called in distinction from oil-colors.

Encyc.

Water-Course

WATER-COURSE, noun [water and course.]

1. A stream of water; a river or brook. Isaiah 44.

2. A channel or canal for the conveyance of water, particularly in draining lands.

Water-Cress

WATER-CRESS, noun [water and cress.] A small creeping plant or weed growing in watery places.

Cyc.

A plant, a species of Sisymbrium.

Lee.

Water-Crowfoot

WATER-CROWFOOT, noun [water and crowfoot.]

A plant on which cows are said to be fond of feeding.

Cyc.

Water-Drop

WATER-DROP, noun [water and drop.] A drop of water.

Shak.

Water-Dropwort

WATER-DROPWORT, noun A plant of the genus OEnanthe.

Lee.

Water-Elephant

WATER-EL'EPHANT, noun A name given to the hippopotamus.

Water-Engine

WATER-ENGINE, noun [water and engine.] An engine to raise water; or an engine moved by water.

Waterfall

WATERFALL, noun [water and fall.] A fall or perpendicular descent of the water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendicular; a cascade; a cataract. But the word is generally used of the fall of a small river or rivulet. It is particularly used to express a cascade in a garden, or an artificial descent of water, designed as an ornament.

Cyc.

Water-Flag

WATER-FLAG, noun [water and flag.] Water flower de luce, a species of Tris.

Water-Flood

WATER-FLOOD, noun [water and flood.] A flood of water; an inundation.

Water-Fly

WATER-FLY, noun [water and fly.] An insect that is seen on the water.

Water-Fowl

WATER-FOWL, noun [water and fowl.] A fowl that frequents the water, or lives about rivers, lakes, or on or near the sea; an aquatic fowl. Of aquatic fowls, some are waders, or furnished with long legs; others are swimmers, and are furnished with webbed feet.

Water-Fox

WATER-FOX, noun [water and fox.] A name given to the carp, on account of its cunning.

Walton.

Water-Furrow

WATER-FURROW, noun [water and furrow.] In agriculture, a deep furrow made for conducting water from the ground and keeping it dry.

Water-Furrow

WATER-FURROW, verb transitive To plow or open water furrows.

Water-Gage

WATER-GAGE, or WATER-GUAGE, noun [water and gage.] An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the depth or qnantity of water.

Water-Gall

WATER-GALL, noun A cavity made in the earth by a torrent of water.

2. An appearance in the rainbow.

Steevens.

Water-Germander

WATER-GER'MANDER, noun A plant of the genus Teucrium.

Cyc.

Water-God

WATER-GOD, noun [water and god.] A deity that presides over the water.

Water-Gruel

WATER-GRUEL, noun [water and gruel.] A liquid food, composed of water and a small portion of meal or other farinaceous substance boiled.

Water-Hammer

WATER-HAMMER, noun A column of water in a vacuum, which not being supported as in the air, falls against the end of the vessel with a peculiar noise. It may be formed by corking a vessel of water while it is boiling. The vapor condensing as it cools, a vacuum is formed.

Water-Hair-Grass

WATER-HAIR-GRASS, noun A species of grass, the Aira aquatica.

Cyc.

Water-Hemp-Agrimony

WATER-HEMP-AGRIMONY, noun A plant of the genus Bidens.

Lee.

Water-Hen

WATER-HEN, noun [water and hen.] A water fowl of the genus Fulica, the gallinula or moorhen; also, a species of Rallus, the soree, inhabiting Virginia and Carolina.

Cyc.

Water-Hog

WATER-HOG, noun [water and hog.] A quadruped of S. America, the Cavia capybara.

Linne.

Water-Laurel

WATER-LAUREL, noun [water and laurel.] A plant.

Water-Leaf

WATER-LEAF, noun [water and leaf.] A plant of the genus Hydrophyllum.

Lee.

Waterless

WATERLESS, adjective Destitute of water.

Tooke.

Water-Level

WATER-LEVEL, noun [water and level.] The level formed by the surface of still water.

Water-Lily

WATER-LILY, noun [water and lily.] A plant of the genus Nymphaea.

Lee.

Water-Line

WATER-LINE, noun [water and line.] A horizontal line supposed to be drawn about a ship's bottom, at the surface of the water. This is higher or lower, according to the depth of water necessary to float her.

Mar. Dict. Cyc.

Water-Logged

WATER-LOGGED, adjective [water and log.] Lying like a log on the water. A ship is said to be water-logged, when by leaking and receiving a great quantity of water into her hold, she has become so heavy as not to be manageable by the helm, and to be at the mercy of the waves.

Cyc.

Waterman

WATERMAN, noun [water and man.] A boatman; a ferryman; a man who manages water-craft.

Gay.

Water-Mark

WATER-M`ARK, noun [water and mark.] The mark or limit of the rise of a flood.

Dryden.

Water-Melon

WATER-MEL'ON, noun [water and melon.] A plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucurbita, (C. citrullus.) This plant requires a warm climate to bring it to perfection. It also requires a dry, sandy, warm soil, and will not grow well in any other. The fruit abounds with a sweetish liquor resembling water in color, and the pulp is remarkably rich and delicious.

Water-Mill

WATER-MILL, noun [water and mill.] A mill whose machinery is moved by water, and thus distinguished from a wind-mill.

Water-Mint

WATER-MINT. [See Water-calamint.]

Water-Newt

WATER-NEWT, noun [water and newt.] An animal of the lizard tribe, [Lacerta aquatica.]

Water-Ordeal

WATER-OR'DEAL, noun [water and ordeal.] A judicial trial of persons accused of crimes, by means of water; formerly in use among illiterate and superstitious nations.

Water-Ouzel

WATER-OU'ZEL, noun [water and ouzel.] A fowl of the genus Sturnus.

Linne.

The water-ouzel is the Turdus cinctus of Latham.

Ed. Encyc.

Water-Parsnep

WATER-P`ARSNEP, noun [water and parsnep.] A plant of the genus Sium.

Lee.

Water-Poa

WATER-POA, noun A species of grass, the Poa aquatica.

Cyc.

Water-Poise

WATER-POISE, n. s as z. [water and poise.]

An instrument for examining the purity of water.

Water-Pot

WATER-POT, noun [water and pot.] A vessel for holding or conveying water, or for sprinkling water on cloth in bleaching, or on plants, &c.

Water-Proof

WATER-PROOF, adjective [water and proof.] Impervious to water; so firm and compact as not to admit water; as water-proof cloth, lether or felt.

Water-Radish

WATER-RAD'ISH, noun [water and radish.] A species of water-cresses.

Johnson.

Water-cress, a species of Sisymbrium.

Lee.

Water-Rail

WATER-RAIL, noun [water and rail.] A fowl of the genus Rallus.

Water-Rat

WATER-RAT, noun [water and rat.] An animal of the genus Mus, which lives in the banks of streams or lakes.

Water-Rocket

WATER-ROCKET, noun [water and rocket.]

1. A species of water-cresses.

Johnson.

2. A kind of fire-work to be discharged in the water.

Water-Rot

WATER-ROT, verb transitive [water and rot.] To rot by steeping in water; as, to water-rot hemp or flax.

Water-Rotted

WATER-ROTTED, participle passive Rotted by being steeped in water.

Water-Rotting

WATER-ROTTING, participle of the present tense Rotting in water.

Water-Sail

WATER-SAIL, noun [water and sail.] A small sail used under a studding sail or driver boom.

Mar. Dict.

Water-Sapphire

WATER-SAPPHIRE, noun [water and sapphire.] A kind of blue precious stone.

Water-Shoot

WATER-SHOOT, noun [water and shoot.] A sprig or shoot from the root or stock of a tree. [Local.]

Water-Snake

WATER-SNAKE, noun [water and snake.] A snake that frequents the water.

Water-Soak

WATER-SOAK, verb transitive [water and soak.] To soak or fill the interstices with water.

Water-Soaked

WATER-SOAKED, participle passive Soaked or having its interstices filled with water; as water-soaked wood; a water-soaked hat.

Water-Soldier

WATER-SOLDIER, noun A plant of the genus Stratiotes.

Cyc.

Water-Spaniel

WATER-SPANIEL, noun [water and spaniel.] A dog so called.

Sidney.

Water-Spout

WATER-SPOUT, noun [water and spout.] At sea, a vertical column of water, raised from the surface of the sea and driven furiously by the wind.

Mar. Dict.

Water-Table

WATER-TABLE, noun [water and table.] In architecture, a ledge in the wall of a building, about eighteen or twenty inches from the ground.

Water-Tath

WATER-TATH, noun In England, a species of coarse grass growing in wet grounds, and supposed to be injurious to sheep.

Cyc.

Water-Thermometer

WATER-THERMOM'ETER, noun An instrument for ascertaining the precise degree of cold at which water ceases to be condensed.

Cyc.

Water-Tight

WATER-TIGHT, adjective [water and tight.] So tight as not to admit water.

Water-Trefoil

WATER-TRE'FOIL, noun A plant.

Mortimer.

Water-Violet

WATER-VIOLET, noun [water and violet.] A plant of the genus Hottonia.

Miller. Lee.

Water-Way

WATER-WAY, noun [water and way.] In a ship's deck, a piece of timber, forming a channel for conducting water to the scuppers.

Water-Wheel

WATER-WHEEL, noun [water and wheel.]

1. A wheel moved by water.

2. An engine for raising water from a deep well.

Water-Willow

WATER-WILLOW, noun [water and willow.] A plant. [Latin lysimachia.]

Ainsworth.

Water-With

WATER-WITH, noun [water and with.] A plant.

Derham.

Water-Work

WATER-WORK, noun [water and work.] Water-works are hydraulic machines or engines, particularly such as form artificial fountains, spouts and the like.

Water-Wort

WATER-WORT, noun A plant of the genus Elatine.

Lee.

Water

WATER, v. t. wau'ter. To irrigate; to overflow with water, or to wet with water; as, to water land. Showers water the earth.

2. To supply with water. The hilly lands of New England are remarkably well watered with rivers and rivulets.

3. To supply with water for drink; as, to water cattle and horses.

4. To diversify; to wet and calender; to give a wavy appearance to; as, to water silk.

Water

WATER, v. i. wau'ter. To shed water or liquid matter. His eyes began to water.

2. To get or take in water. The ship put into port to water.

The mouth waters, a phrase denoting that a person has a longing desire.

Waterage

WATERAGE, noun Money paid for transportation by water.

Watered

WATERED, participle passive Overspread or sprinkled with water; made wet; supplied with water; made lustrous by being wet and calendered.

Waterer

WATERER, noun One who waters.

Carew.

Wateriness

WATERINESS, noun [from watery.] Moisture; humidity; a state of abounding with water.

Arbuthnot.

Watering

WATERING, participle of the present tense Overflowing; sprinkling or wetting with water; supplying with water; giving water for drink; giving a wavy appearance to.

Watering

WATERING, noun The act of overflowing or sprinkling with water; the act of supplying with water for drink or other purposes; the act of wetting and calendering for giving luster to, as cloth.

2. The place where water is supplied.

Watering-Place

WATERING-PLACE, noun A place to which people resort for mineral water, or for the use of water in some way or other.

Watering-Trough

WATERING-TROUGH, noun A trough in which cattle and horses drink.

Waterish

WATERISH, adjective Resembling water; thin, as a liquor.

Dryden.

2. Moist; somewhat watery; as waterish land.

Hale.

Waterishness

WATERISHNESS, noun Thinness, as of a liquor; resemblance to water.

Waterishness, which is like the serosity of our blood.

Floyer.

Waterless

WATERLESS, adjective Destitute of water.

Mitford.

Watery

WATERY, adjective Resembling water; thin or transparent, as a liquid; as watery humors.

The oily and watery parts of the aliment.

Arbuthnot.

2. Tasteless; insipid; vapid; spiritless; as watery turneps.

Philips.

3. Wet; abounding with water; as watery land; watery eyes.

Prior.

4. Pertaining to water; as the watery god.

Dryden.

5. Consisting of water; as a watery desert.

Milton.

Wattle

WAT'TLE, noun [Saxon watel, a twig; allied perhaps to withe, Latin vitis; that is, a shoot.]

1. Properly, a twig or flexible rod; and hence, a hurdle.

2. The fleshy excrescence that grows under the throat of a cock or turkey, or a like substance on a fish.

Cyc. Walton.

3. A rod laid on a roof to support the thatch.

Wattle

WAT'TLE, verb transitive To bind with twigs.

2. To twist or interweave twigs one with another; to plat; to form a kind of network with flexible branches; as, to wattle a hedge.

Mortimer.

Wattled

WAT'TLED, participle passive Bound or interwoven with twigs.

Wattling

WAT'TLING, participle of the present tense Interweaving with twigs.

Waul

WAUL, verb intransitive To cry, as a cat.

Wauling

WAUL'ING, participle of the present tense Crying, as a cat.

Wave

WAVE, noun [Saxon weg, woeg, a wave, a way; both the same word, and both coinciding with the root of wag, wagon, vacillate, weigh, &c. The sense is a going, a moving, appropriately a moving one way and the other; German woge; Swedish vÃƒ-¥g; Irish buaice.]

1. A moving swell or volume of water; usually, a swell raised and driven by wind. A pebble thrown into still water produces waves, which form concentric circles, receding from the point where the pebble fell. But waves are generally raised and driven by wind, and the word comprehends any moving swell on the surface of water, from the smallest ripple to the billows of a tempest.

The wave behind impels the wave before.

Pope.

2. Unevenness; inequality of surface.

Newton.

3. The line or streak of luster on cloth watered and calendered.

Wave

WAVE, verb intransitive [Saxon wafian; probably a corrupt orthography.]

1. To play loosely; to move like a wave, one way and the other; to float; to undulate.

His purple robes wav'd careless to the wind.

Trumbull.

2. To be moved, as a signal.

B. Jonson.

3. To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state. Obs.

Wave

WAVE, verb transitive [See Waver.] To raise into inequalities of surface.

Shak.

2. To move one way and the other; to brandish; as, to wave the hand; to wave a sword.

Milton. Dryden.

3. To waft; to remove any thing floating.

Brown.

4. To beckon; to direct by a waft or waving motion.

Shak.

Wave

WAVE, verb transitive [Norm. weyver, to wave or waive; waifnez, waived; wefs, weifs, waifs.]

1. To put off; to cast off; to cast away; to reject; as, to wave goods stolen; usually written waive.

2. To quit; to depart from.

He resolved not to wave his way.

Wotton.

3. To put off; to put aside for the present, or to omit to pursue; as, to wave a motion. He offered to wave the subject. [This is the usual sense.]

Waved

WA'VED, participle passive Moved one way and the other; brandished.

2. Put off; omitted.

3. adjective In heraldry, indented.

4. Variegated in luster; as waved silk.

5. In botany, undate; rising and falling in waves on the margin, as a leaf.

Lee.

Waveless

WA'VELESS, adjective Free from waves; undisturbed; unagitated; as the waveless sea.

Wavellite

WA'VELLITE, noun [from Wavel, the discoverer.]

A mineral, a phosphate or sub-phosphate of alumin; commonly found in crystals, which usually adhere and radiate, forming hemispherical or globular concretions, from a very small size to an inch in diameter. The form of the crystal is usually that of a rhombic prism with dihedral terminations.

Phillips.

Wave-Loaf

WAVE-LOAF, noun [wave and loaf.] A loaf for a wave-offering.

Wave-Offering

WA'VE-OFFERING, noun An offering made with waving towards the four cardinal points. Numbers 18.

Waver

WA'VER, verb intransitive [Saxon wafian; Danish svoever, from voever, to weave, that is, to move one way and the other.]

1. To play or move to and fro; to move one way and the other.

Boyle.

2. To fluctuate; to be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate; to be undetermined; as, to waver in opinion; to waver in faith.

Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering. Hebrews 10.

3. To totter; to reel; to be in danger of falling.

Holyday.

Waver

WA'VER, noun A name given to a sapling or young timber tree in England. [Local.]

Waverer

WA'VERER, noun One who wavers; one who is unsettled in doctrine, faith or opinion.

Wavering

WA'VERING, participle of the present tense or adjective Fluctuating; being in doubt; undetermined.

Waveringness

WA'VERINGNESS, noun State or quality of being wavering.

Mountague.

Wave-Subjected

WAVE-SUBJECT'ED, adjective Subject to be overflowed.

Goldsmith.

Wave-Worn

WA'VE-WORN, adjective [wave and worn.] Worn by the waves.

The shore that o'er his wave-worn basis bow'd.

Shak.

Waving

WA'VING, participle of the present tense Moving as a wave; playing to and fro; brandishing.

Wavy

WA'VY, adjective [from wave.] Rising or swelling in waves; full of waves; as the wavy sea.

Chapman.

2. Playing to and fro; undulating.

Let her glad valleys smile with wavy corn.

Prior.

3. Undulating on the border or on the surface; a botanical use.

Waves or waes, for waves. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Wax

WAX, noun [Saxon woex, wex; German wachs; Dutch wasch; Swedish vax; Russian vaksa; Latin viscus, viscum.]

1. A thick, viscid, tenacious substance, collected by bees, or excreted from their bodies, and employed in the construction of their cells; usually called bees' wax. Its native color is yellow, but it is bleached for candles, &c.

2. A thick tenacious substance excreted in the ear.

3. A substance secreted by certain plants, forming a silvery powder on the leaves and fruit, as in the wax-palm and wax-myrtle.

Cyc.

4. A substance found on the hinder legs of bees, which is supposed to be their food.

5. A substance used in sealing letters; called sealing-wax, or Spanish wax. This is a composition of gum-lacca and resin, colored with some pigment.

Cyc.

6. A thick substance used by shoemakers for rubbing their thread.

Wax

WAX, verb transitive To smear or rub with wax; as, to wax a thread or a table.

Wax

WAX, verb intransitive pret. waxed; pp. waxed or waxen. [Saxon weaxan; German wachsen; Swedish v?xa; allied probably to Latin augeo, auxi, Greek and.]

1. To increase in size; to grow; to become larger; as the waxing and the waning moon.

Hakewill.

2. To pass from one state to another; to become; as, to wax strong; to wax warm or cold; to wax feeble; to wax hot; to wax old; to wax worse and worse.

Scripture.

Wax-Bill

WAX'-BILL, noun A bird, a species of Loxia.

Wax-Candle

WAX'-CANDLE, noun [wax and candle.] A candle made of wax.

Wax-Chandler

WAX'-CHANDLER, noun [wax and chandler.] A maker of wax candles.

Waxed

WAX'ED, participle passive Smeared or rubbed with wax.

Waxen

WAX'EN, adjective Made of wax; as waxen cells.

Milton.

Waxing

WAX'ING, participle of the present tense Growing; increasing; becoming; smearing with wax.

Waxing

WAX'ING, noun In chimistry, the preparation of any matter to render it fit for melting; also, the process of stopping out colors in calico-printing.

Cyc.

Wax-Myrtle

WAX-MYRTLE, noun The bayberry, or myrica cerifera, a shrub of N. America, the berries of which are covered with a greenish wax, called myrtle wax, or bayberry tallow.

Bigelow.

Wax-Palm

WAX-P`ALM, noun A species of palm, the Ceroxylon andicola, a native of the Andes, the stem of which is covered with a secretion, consisting of two thirds resin and one third wax.

Cyc.

Wax-Work

WAX'-WORK, noun Figures formed of wax, in imitation of real beings.

Waxy

WAX'Y, adjective Soft like wax; resembling wax; viscid; adhesive.

Way

WAY, noun [Saxon woeg, weg; German, Dutch weg; Danish vej; Swedish vÃƒ-¥g; Latin Italian via; French voie; coinciding in origin with wag, weigh, wagon, vogue, &c.]

1. Literally, a passing; hence, a passage; the place of passing; hence, a road of any kind; a highway; a private road; a lane; a street; any place for the passing of men, cattle or other animals; a word of very comprehensive signification.

2. Length of space; as a great way; a little way.

3. Course; direction of motion or travel. What way did he take? Which way shall I go? Keep in the way of truth and knowledge.

Mark what way I make.

Shak.

4. Passage; room for passing. Make way for the jury.

5. Course, or regular course.

And let eternal justice take the way.

Dryden.

6. Tendency to any meaning or act.

There is nothing in the words that sounds that way.

Atterbury.

7. Sphere of observation.

The general officers and the public ministers that fell in my wayÃ‚--

Temple.

8. Manner of doing any thing; method; means of doing. Seek the best way of learning, and pursue it.

By noble ways we conquest will prepare.

Dryden.

9. Method; scheme of management.

What impious ways my wishes took.

Prior.

10. Manner of thinking or behavior; particular turn of opinion; determination or humor. Let him have his way, when that will not injure him, or any other person. But multitudes of children are ruined by being permitted to have their way.

11. Manner; mode. In no way does this matter belong to me. We admire a person's way of expressing his ideas.

12. Method; manner of practice. Find, if you can, the easiest way to live.

Having lost the way of nobleness.

Sidney.

13. Method or plan of life and conduct. Instruct your children in the right way.

Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Proverbs 3.

All flesh had corrupted his way. Genesis 6.

14. Course; process of things, good or bad. Things are in a prosperous way.

15. Right method to act or know.

We are quite out of the way.

Locke.

16. General scheme of acting.

Men who go out of the way to hint free things, must be guilty of absurdity or rudeness.

Clarissa.

17. Ways, plu. the timbers on which a ship is lanched.

To make way, to give room for passing; or to make a vacancy.

To give way, to recede; to make room; or to yield; to concede the place or opinion to another.

To make one's way, to advance in life by efforts; to advance successfully.

By the way, en passant, as we proceed; a phrase introducing something in discourse, not immediately connected with the subject.

To go one's way, or to come one's way, to go or come along.

Shak.

To go the way of all the earth, to die.

In the way, a phrase noting obstruction. What is there in the way of your success?

In Scripture, the ways of God, are his providential government, or his works. Romans 11. Job 40.

Way and ways are used in certain phrases, in the sense of wise. He is no ways a match for his antagonist.

'Tis no way the interest even of the priesthood.

Pope.

To be under way, in seamen's language, to be in motion, as when a ship begins to move. So a ship is said to have head-way, when she moves forward in her course, and stern-way, when she is driven astern. She is said also to gather way, or to lose way. Lee-way is a movement of a ship aside of her course, or to the leeward.

Milky way, in astronomy, the galaxy; a broad luminous belt or space in the heavens, supposed to be occasioned by the blended light of an immense number of stars. By means of a telescope of uncommon magnifying powers, Dr. Herschel has been able to ascertain this fact, by distinguishing the stars.

Covert way, in fortification, a passage covered from the enemy's fire.

Ways and means, in legislation, means for raising money; resources for revenue.

Way-going crop, among farmers, is the crop which is taken from the ground the year the tenant leaves the farm. [England.]

Cyc.

Way-Bread

WA'Y-BREAD, noun A name given to the herb plantain (plantago.) [Local.]

Cyc.

Wayfarer

WA'YFARER, noun [way and fare, Saxon faran, to go.] A traveler; a passenger.

Carew.

Wayfaring

WA'YFARING, adjective [supra.] Traveling; passing; being on a journey. Judges 19.

Wayfaring-Tree

WA'YFARING-TREE, noun A shrub, a species of Viburnum.

Cyc.

Waylaid

WAYLA'ID, participle passive Watched in the way. [See Waylay.]

Waylay

WAYLA'Y, verb transitive [way and lay.] To watch insidiously in the way, with a view to seize, rob or slay; to beset in ambush; as, to waylay a traveler.

Milton. Dryden.

[In this word there is little difference of accent.]

Waylayer

WAYLA'YER, noun One who waits for another in ambush, with a view to seize, rob or slay him.

Way-Leave

WA'Y-LEAVE, noun A provincial term for the ground purchased for a wagon-way between coal-pits and a river. [Local.]

Cyc.

Wayless

WA'YLESS, adjective Having no road or path; pathless; trackless.

Drayton.

Way-Maker

WA'Y-MAKER, noun One who makes a way; a precursor.

Bacon.

Way-Mark

WA'Y-M`ARK, noun [way and mark.] A mark to guide in traveling. Jeremiah 31.

Wayment

WA'YMENT, verb intransitive [Saxon wa, woe.] To lament. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Way-Pane

WA'Y-PANE, noun A slip left for cartage in watered land. [Local.]

Cyc.

Way-Thistle

WA'Y-THISTLE, noun A troublesome plant or perennial weed.

Cyc.

Wayward

WA'YWARD, adjective [way and ward.] Froward; peevish; perverse; liking his own way.

Wayward beauty doth not fancy move.

Fairfax.

Way-Warden

WA'Y-WARDEN, noun In local usage, the surveyor of a road.

Eng.

Waywardly

WA'YWARDLY, adverb Frowardly; pervesely.

Sidney.

Waywardness

WA'YWARDNESS, noun Frowardness; perverseness.

Wotton.

Way-Wiser

WA'Y-WISER, noun An instrument for measuring the distance which one has traveled on the road; called also perambulator, and podometer, or pedometer.

Cyc.

Waywode

WA'YWODE, or WA'IWODE, noun In the Ottoman empire, the governor of a small town or province, which not forming a pashawlic, is the appendage of some great officer; also, a mussulman charged with the collection of taxes, or with the police of a place.

2. In Poland, the governor of a province.

Cyc.

Waywodeship

WA'YWODESHIP, noun The province or jurisdiction of a waywode.

Eton.

We

WE, pron. plu. of I; or rather a different word, denoting the person speaking and another or others with him. I and John, the speaker calls we, or I and John and Thomas; or I and many others. In the objective case, us.

We is used to express men in general, including the speaker.

Vice seen too oft, familiar with her face,

We first endure, then pity, then embrace.

Pope.

Weak

WEAK, adjective [Saxon waac, wace; German weich, schwach; Dutch zwak; Danish veeg, voeg; Swedish vek. The primary sense of the root is to yield, fail, give way, recede, or to be soft.]

1. Having little physical strength; feeble. Children are born weak; men are rendered weak; by disease.

2. Infirm; not healthy; as a weak constitution.

3. Not able to bear a great weight; as a weak bridge; weak timber.

4. Not strong; not compact; easily broken; as a weak ship; a weak rope.

5. Not able to resist a violent attack; as a weak fortress.

6. Soft; pliant; not stiff.

7. Low; small; feeble; as a weak voice.

8. Feeble of mind; wanting spirit; wanting vigor of understanding; as a weak prince; a weak magistrate.

To think every thing disputable, is a proof of a weak mind and captious temper.

Beattie.

9. Not much impregnated with ingredients, or with things that excite action, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; as weak broth; weak tea; weak toddy; a weak solution; a weak decoction.

10. Not politically powerful; as a weak nation or state.

11. Not having force of authority or energy; as a weak government.

12. Not having moral force or power to convince; not well supported by truth or reason; as a weak argument.

13. Not well supported by argument; as weak reasoning.

14. Unfortified; accessible; impressible; as the weak side of a person.

15. Not having full conviction or confidence; as weak in faith.

16. Weak land is land of a light thin soil.

[I believe never used in New England.]

Cyc.

Weak

WEAK, verb transitive To make weak. [Not used.]

Weak

WEAK, verb intransitive To become weak. [Not used.]

Chaucer.

Weaken

WEAKEN, v. t. wee'kn. [Saxon wacan, to languish, to vacillate.]

1. To lessen the strength of, or to deprive of strength; to debilitate; to enfeeble; as, to weaken the body; to weaken the mind; to weaken the hands of the magistrate; to weaken the force of an objection or an argument.

2. To reduce in strength or spirit; as, to weaken tea; to weaken any solution or decoction.

Weakened

WE'AKENED, participle passive Debilitated; enfeebled; reduced in strength.

Weakener

WE'AKENER, noun He or that which weakens.

Weakening

WE'AKENING, participle of the present tense Debilitating; enfeebling; reducing the strength or vigor of any thing.

Weak-Hearted

WE'AK-HE`ARTED, adjective Having little courage; dispirited.

Weakling

WE'AKLING, noun A feeble creature.

Shak.

Weakly

WE'AKLY, adverb Feebly; with little physical strength; faintly; not forcibly; as a fortress weakly defended.

2. With want of efficacy.

Was plighted faith so weakly seal'd above?

Dryden.

3. With feebleness of mind or intellect; indiscretely; injuriously.

Beneath pretended justice weakly fall.

Dryden.

4. Timorously; with little courage or fortitude.

Weakly

WE'AKLY, adjective Not strong of constitution; infirm; as a weakly woman; a man of a weakly constitution.

Raleigh.

Weakness

WE'AKNESS, noun Want of physical strength; want of force or vigor; feebleness; as the weakness of a child; the weakness of an invalid; the weakness of a wall or bridge, or of thread or cordage.

2. Want of sprightliness.

Soft, without weakness; without glaring, gay.

Pope.

3. Want of steadiness.

By such a review, we shall discern and strengthen our weaknesses.

Rogers.

4. Infirmity; unhealthiness; as weakness of constitution.

Temple.

5. Want of moral force or effect upon the mind; as the weakness of evidence; the weakness of arguments.

6. Want of judgment; feebleness of mind; foolishness.

All wickedness is weakness.

Milton.

7. Defect; failing; fault; with a plural.

Many take pleasure in spreading abroad the weaknesses of an exalted character.

Spectator.

Weakside

WE'AKSIDE, noun [weak and side.] Foible; deficience; failing; infirmity.

Temple.

Weal

WEAL, noun [Saxon wela; German wohl; Danish vel; from the same root as well, Swedish v?l; Latin valeo, to be strong, to avail, to prevail. The primary sense of weal is strength, soundness, from the sense of straining, stretching or advancing.]

1. A sound state of a person or thing; a state which is prosperous, or at least not unfortunate, not declining; prosperity; happiness.

As we love the weal of our souls and bodies.

Bacon.

The weal or wo in thee is plac'd.

Milton.

So we say, the public weal, the general weal, the weal of the nation or state.

B. Trumbull.

2. Republic; state; public interest. [But we now use commonwealth, in the sense of state.]

Weal

WEAL, noun The mark of a stripe. [See Wale.]

Weald, wald, walt, wold, in Saxon and other Teutonic dialects, signifies a wood or forest. It is found in names, as in Walt-ham, wood-house; corruptly pronounced Wal-tham.

Wealsman

WE'ALSMAN, noun [weal and man.] A name given sneeringly to a politician.

Shak.

Wealth

WEALTH, n. wealth. [from weal; Saxon welega, welga, rich.] Prosperity; external happiness. Obs.

2. Riches; large possessions of money, goods or land; that abundance of worldly estate which exceeds the estate of the greater part of the community; affluence; opulence.

Each day new wealth without their care provides.

Dryden.

Wealthily

WEALTH'ILY, adverb Richly.

Shak.

Wealthiness

WEALTH'INESS, noun State of being wealthy; richness.

Wealthy

WEALTH'Y, adjective Rich; having large possessions in lands, goods, money or securities, or larger than the generality of men; opulent; affluent. As wealth is a comparative thing, a man may be wealthy in one place, and not so in another. A man may be deemed wealthy in a village, who would not be so considered in London.

Wean

WEAN, verb transitive [Saxon wenan, gewoenan, to accustom; from the root of wone, wont; gewunian, to delay; Dutch wenan, afwenan; German entwÃƒ-¶hnen; Swedish v?nja. See Wont.]

1. To accustom and reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or deprivation of the breast.

And the child grew, and was weaned. Genesis 21.

2. To detach or alienate, as the affections, from any object of desire; to reconcile to the want or loss of any thing; as, to wean the heart from temporal enjoyments.

Weaned

WE'ANED, participle passive Accustomed or reconciled to the want of the breast or other object of desire.

Weanel

WE'ANEL, or WE'ANLING, noun A child or other animal newly weaned.

Milton.

Weaning

WE'ANING, participle of the present tense Accustoming or reconciling, as a young child or other animal, to a want of the breast; reconciling to the want of any object of desire.

Weapon

WEAPON, n. wep'n. [Saxon woepn, wepn; Dutch German wapen; Danish vaaben; Swedish vapen. This word seems to be from some root signifying to strike, Latin vapulo, our vulgar whap, awhap.]

1. Any instrument of offense; any thing used or designed to be used in destroying or annoying an enemy. The weapons of rude nations are clubs, stones and bows and arrows. Modern weapons of war are swords, muskets, pistols, cannon and the like.

2. An instrument for contest, or for combating enemies.

The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Corinthians 10.

3. An instrument of defense.

4. Weapons, in botany, arms; thorns, prickles, and stings, with which plants are furnished for defense; enumerated among the fulcres by Linne.

Martyn.

Weaponed

WEAPONED, a. wep'nd. Armed; furnished with weapons or arms; equipped.

Hayward.

Weaponless

WEAP'ONLESS, adjective Unarmed; having no weapon.

Milton.

Weapon-Salve

WEAP'ON-SALVE, noun [weapon and salve.] A salve which was supposed to cure the wound, by being applied to the weapon that made it. Obs.

Boyle.

Wear

WEAR, verb transitive pret. wore; pp. worn. [Welsh gwariaw, to spend or consume; Saxon weran, werian, to carry, to wear, as arms or clothes.]

1. To waste or impair by rubbing or attrition; to lessen or diminish by time, use or instruments. A current of water often wears a channel in limestone.

2. To carry appendant to the body, as clothes or weapons; as, to wear a coat or a robe; to wear a sword; to wear a crown.

On her white breast a sparkling cross the wore.

Pope.

3. To have or exhibit an appearance; to bear; as, she wears a smile on her countenance.

4. To affect by degrees.

Trials wear us into a liking of what possibly, in the first essay, displeased us.

Locke.

To wear away, to consume; to impair, diminish or destroy by gradual attrition or decay.

Dryden.

To wear off, to diminish by attrition or slow decay.

South.

To wear out, to consume; to render useless by attrition or decay; as, to wear out a coat or a book.

2. To consume tediously; as, to wear out life in idle projects.

3. To harass; to tire.

He shall wear out the saints of the Most High. Danish vii.

4. To waste the strength of; as an old man worn out in the service of his country.

Wear

WEAR, verb intransitive To be wasted; to be diminished by attrition, by use, or by time.

Thou wilt surely wear away. Exodus 18.

2. To be tediously spent.

Thus wore out night.

Milton.

3. To be consumed by slow degrees. It is better to wear out, than to rust out.

To wear off, to pass away by degrees. The follies of youth wear off with age.

Wear

WEAR, noun The act of wearing; diminution by friction; as the wear and tear of a garment.

2. The thing worn.

Wear

WEAR, noun [Saxon woer, wer; from the root of werian, to hold, defend, protect; Dutch waaren or weeren; often written wier. See Warren and Guard.]

1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for conducting it to a mill, or for taking fish.

2. An instrument or kind of basket work for catching fish.

Wearable

WEARABLE, adjective That can be worn.

Swift.

Weard

WEARD, Saxon a warden, in names, denotes watchfulness or care, but it must not be confounded with ward, in toward.

Wearer

WEARER, noun [from wear.] One who wears or carries as appendant to the body; as the wearer of a cloke, a sword or a crown.

2. That which wastes or diminishes.

Weariness

WE'ARINESS, noun [from weary.] The state of being weary or tired; that lassitude or exhaustion of strength which is induced by labor; fatigue.

With weariness and wine oppress'd.

Dryden.

2. Lassitude; uneasiness proceeding from continued waiting, disappointed expectation or exhausted patience, or from other cause.

Wearing

WEARING, participle of the present tense Bearing on or appendant to the person; diminishing by friction; consuming.

2. adjective Denoting what is worn; as wearing apparel.

Wearing

WEARING, noun Clothes; garments. Obs.

Shak.

Wearish

WEARISH, adjective Boggy; watery. [Not in use.]

2. Weak; washy. [Not in use.]

Carew.

Wearisome

WE'ARISOME, adjective [from weary.] Causing weariness; tiresome; tedious; fatiguing; as a wearisome march; a wearisome day's work.

Wearisome nights are appointed unto me. Job 7.

Wearisomely

WE'ARISOMELY, adverb Tediously; so as to cause weariness.

Raleigh.

Wearisomeness

WE'ARISOMENESS, noun The quality of exhausting strength or patience; tiresomeness; tediousness; as the wearisomeness of toil, or of waiting long in anxious expectation.

Weary

WE'ARY, adjective [Saxon werig; allied perhaps to wear.]

1. Having the strength much exhausted by toil or violent exertion; tired; fatigued.

[It should be observed however that this word expresses less than tired, particularly when applied to a beast; as a tired horse. It is followed by of, before the cause of fatigue; as, to be weary of marching; to be weary of reaping; to be weary of study.]

2. Having the patience exhausted, or the mind yielding to discouragement. He was weary of asking for redress.

3. Causing weariness; tiresome; as a weary way; a weary life.

Spenser. Shak.

Weary

WE'ARY, verb transitive [from the adjective.] To reduce or exhaust the physical strength of the body; to tire; to fatigue; as, to weary one's self with labor or traveling.

The people shall weary themselves for very vanity. Habakkuk 2.

2. To make impatient of continuance.

I stay too long by thee; I weary thee.

Shak.

3. To harass by any thing irksome; as, to be wearied of waiting for the arrival of the post.

To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fatigue.

Weasand

WE'ASAND, or WE'SAND, n. s as z. [Saxon wasend, woesend; perhaps from the root of wheeze, and Gothic ond, Danish aande, breath.]

The windpipe or trachea; the canal through which air passes to and from the lungs.

Weasel

WE'ASEL, or WEE'SEL, n. s as z. [Saxon wesle; Danish vesel; German wiesel; Dutch weezel. I know not the meaning of this name. In German wiese is a meadow.]

A small animal of the genus Mustela, which lives under the roots of trees, or in other holes, and feeds on small birds, but particularly on mice. A weasel that frequents barns and corn-houses, frees them from rats and mice, and is sometimes deemed a very useful inmate.

Weasel-Coot

WE'ASEL-COOT, noun The red headed smew or Mergus minutus.

Cyc.

Weather

WEATHER, n. weth'er. [Saxon weder, woeder or wether; German wetter; Dutch weder or weer; Danish vejr; Swedish v?der; Sanscrit widara, a storm. The primary sense of this word is air, wind or atmosphere; probably the Greek, whence ether.] Properly, the air; hence,

1. The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, and the like; as warm weather; cold weather; wet weather; dry weather; calm weather; tempestuous weather; fair weather; cloudy weather; hazy weather, and the like.

2. Change of the state of the air.

Bacon.

3. Storm; tempest.

Dryden.

[These last significations are not now in use, unless by a poetic license.]

Stress of weather, violent winds; force of tempests.

Weather

WEATHER, v. t. weth'er. To air; to expose to the air. [Rarely used.]

Spenser. Tusser.

2. In seamen's language, to sail to the windward of something else; as, to weather a cape; to weather another ship. As this is often difficult, hence,

3. To pass with difficulty.

Hale.

To weather a point, to gain or accomplish it against opposition.

Addison.

To weather out, to endure; to hold out to the end; as, to weather out a storm.

Addison.

Weather is used with several words, either as an adjective, or as forming part of a compound word.

Weather-Beaten

WEATH'ER-BEATEN, adjective [weather and beaten.]

Beaten or harassed by the weather.

Milton. Dryden.

Weather-Bit

WEATH'ER-BIT, noun A turn of the cable about the end of the windlass, without the knight-heads.

Cyc.

Weather-Board

WEATH'ER-BOARD, noun That side of a ship which is towards the wind; the windward side. So in other words, weather signifies towards the wind or windward; as in weather-bow, weather-braces, weather-gage, weather-lifts, weather-quarter, weather-shrouds, weather-side, weather-shore, &c.

Weather-Boarding

WEATH'ER-BOARDING, noun The act of nailing up boards against a wall; or the boards themselves.

Cyc.

Weather-Boards

WEATH'ER-BOARDS, noun Pieces of plank placed in the ports of a ship, when laid up in ordinary.

Mar. Dict.

Weather-Cloths

WEATH'ER-CLOTHS, noun Long pieces of canvas or tarpauling used to preserve the hammocks from injury by the weather when stowed, or to defend persons from the wind and spray.

Mar. Dict.

Weather-Cock

WEATH'ER-COCK, noun [weather and cock.]

1. Something in the shape of a cock placed on the stop of a spire, which by turning, shows the direction of the wind; a vane, or weather-vane.

2. Any thing or person that turns easily and frequently; a fickle, inconstant person.

Dryden.

Weather-Driven

WEATH'ER-DRIVEN, adjective [weather and driven.]

Driven by winds or storms; forced by stress of weather.

Carew.

Weather-Fend

WEATH'ER-FEND, verb transitive [weather and fend.] To shelter.

Weather-Gage

WEATH'ER-GAGE, noun [weather and gage.] Something that shows the weather. Qu.

Hudibras.

A ship is said to have the weather-gage of another, when she is at the windward of her.

Weather-Glass

WEATH'ER-GLASS, noun [weather and glass.] An instrument to indicate the state of the atmosphere. This word includes the barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, manometer, and anemometer.

Cyc.

Weather-Helm

WEATH'ER-HELM, noun [weather and helm.] A ship is said to carry a weather-helm, when she is inclined to come too near the wind.

Mar. Dict.

Weathermost

WEATH'ERMOST, adjective [weather and most.] Being farthest to the windward.

Weather-Proof

WEATH'ER-PROOF, adjective [weather and proof.] Proof against rough weather.

Weather-Roll

WEATH'ER-ROLL, noun [weather and roll.] The roll of a ship to the windward; opposed to lee-lurch.

Weather-Spy

WEATH'ER-SPY, noun [weather and spy.] A star-gazer; one that foretells the weather. [Little used.]

Donne.

Weather-Tide

WEATH'ER-TIDE, noun [weather and tide.] The tide which sets against the lee side of a ship, impelling her to the windward.

Mar. Dict.

Weather-Wise

WEATH'ER-WISE, adjective [weather and wise.] Skillful in foreseeing the changes or state of the weather.

Weather-Wiser

WEATH'ER-WISER, noun Something that foreshows the weather. [Not used.]

Derham.

Weathered

WEATH'ERED, participle passive Passed to the windward; passed with difficulty.

Weathering

WEATH'ERING, participle of the present tense Passing or sailing to the windward; passing with difficulty.

Weave

WEAVE, verb transitive pret. wove; pp. woven, wove. The regular form, weaved, is rarely or never used. [Saxon wefan; German weben; Dutch weeven; Swedish v?fva; Danish voever; Pers. baftan; Greek.]

1. To unite threads of any kind in such a manner as to form cloth. This is done by crossing the threads by means of a shuttle. The modes of weaving, and the kinds of texture, are various. The threads first laid in length are called the warp; those which cross them in the direction of the breadth, are called the weft or woof.

2. To unite any thing flexible; as, to weave twigs.

3. To unite by intermixture or close connection; as a form of religion woven into the civil government.

Addison.

4. To interpose; to insert.

This weaves itself perforce into my business.

Shak.

Weave

WEAVE, verb intransitive To practice weaving; to work with a loom.

Weaver

WE'AVER, noun One who weaves; one whose occupation is to weave.

2. The common name of the genus Ploceus, of several species, natives of Africa and the E. Indies; so called because they construct curious and often pensile nests, by interweaving twigs and fibers.

Ed. Encyc.

Weaver-Fish

WE'AVER-FISH, noun A kind of fish, [Latin araneus piscis.] [See Weever.]

Ainsworth.

Weaving

WE'AVING, participle of the present tense Forming cloth by intertexture of threads.

Weaving

WE'AVING, noun The act or art of forming cloth in a loom, by the union or intertexture of threads.

2. The task or work to be done in making cloth.

Web

WEB, noun [Saxon web; Swedish v?f. See Weave.]

1. Texture of threads; plexus; any thing woven. Penelope devised a web to deceive her wooers.

Spenser.

2. Locally, a piece of linen cloth.

England. Ireland.

3. A dusky film that forms over the eye and hinders the sight; suffusion.

Shak.

4. Some part of a sword. Qu. net-work of the handle or hilt.

Shak. Fairfax.

5. In ship-building, the thin partition on the inside of the rim, and between the spokes of a sheave.

Cyc.

6. In ornithology, the membrane which unites the toes of many water-fowls.

Spider's web, a plexus of very delicate threads or filaments which a spider spins from its bowels, and which serves as a net to catch flies or other insects for its food.

Web of a coulter, is the thin sharp part.

Webbed

WEB'BED, adjective [from web.] Having the toes united by a membrane, or web; as the webbed feet of aquatic fowls.

Web-Footed

WEB'-FOOTED, adjective [web and foot.] Having webbed feet; palmiped. A goose, or duck, is a web-footed fowl.

Wed

WED, verb transitive [Saxon weddian, to covenant, to promise, to marry; Swedish v?dja; Danish veder, to wager; Welsh gwezu; Latin vador, to give bail, or foedus, a league; probably both are of one family.]

1. To marry; to take for husband or for wife.

Ã‚--Since the day

I saw thee first, and wedded thee.

Milton.

2. To join in marriage.

And Adam, wedded to another Eve,

Shall live with herÃ‚--

Milton.

3. To unite closely in affection; to attach firmly. We are apt to be wedded to our own customs and opinions.

Men are wedded to their lusts.

Tillotson.

4. To unite for ever.

Thou art wedded to calamity.

Shak.

5. To espouse; to take part with.

They wedded his cause. Obs.

Clarendon.

Wed

WED, verb intransitive To marry; to contract matrimony.

When shall I wed?

Shak.

Wed

WED, noun A pledge.

Wedded

WED'DED, participle passive Married; closely attached.

Wedding

WED'DING, participle of the present tense Marrying; uniting with in matrimony.

Wedding

WED'DING, noun Marriage; nuptials; nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities.

Let her beauty be her wedding dower.

Shak.

Wedding-Clothes

WED'DING-CLOTHES, noun [wedding and clothes.]

Garments for a bride or a bridegoom, to be worn at marriage.

Wedding-Day

WED'DING-DAY, noun [wedding and day.] The day of marriage.

Wedding-Feast

WED'DING-FEAST, noun [wedding and feast.]

A feast or entertainment prepared for the guests at a wedding.

Wedge

WEDGE, noun [Saxon wecg, woecg; Danish veg; Swedish vigg; Dutch wig. This word signifies a mass, a lump.]

1. A mass of metal; as a wedge of gold or silver. Joshua 7.

2. A piece of metal, particularly iron, thick at one end and sloping to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, &c. This is one of the five mechanical powers. A like piece of wood is by some persons called a wedge, or a glut.

3. Something in the form of a wedge. Sometimes bodies of troops are drawn up in the form of a wedge.

Wedge

WEDGE, verb transitive To cleave with a wedge; to rive. [Little used.]

2. To drive as a wedge is driven; to crowd or compress closely. We were wedged in by the crowd.

3. To force, as a wedge forces its way; as, to wedge one's way.

Milton.

4. To fasten with a wedge or with wedges; as, to wedge on a sythe; to wedge in a rail or a piece of timber.

5. To fix in the manner of a wedge.

Wedg'd in the rocky shoals, and sticking fast.

Dryden.

Wedged

WEDG'ED, participle passive Split with a wedge; fastened with a wedge; closely compressed.

Wedge-Shaped

WEDGE-SHAPED, adjective [wedge and shape.] Having the shape of a wedge; cuneiform.

A wedge-shaped leaf is broad and abrupt at the summit, and tapering down to the base.

Smith.

Wedging

WEDG'ING, participle of the present tense Cleaving with a wedge; fastening with wedges; compressing closely.

Wedlock

WED'LOCK, noun [Qu. wed and lock, or Saxon lac, a gift.] Marriage; matrimony.

Addison.

Wedlock

WED'LOCK, verb transitive To marry. [Little used.]

Milton.

Wedlocked

WED'LOCKED, participle passive United in marriage. [Little used.]

Milton.

Wednesday

WEDNESDAY, n. wenz'day. [Saxon Wodensdoeg, Woden's day; Swedish Odensdag or Onsdag; from Wodin or Odin, a deity or chief among the northern nations of Europe.]

The fourth day of the week; the next day after Tuesday.

Wee

WEE, adjective [contracted from German wenig.] Small; little. [Not in use.]

Weechelm

WEE'CHELM, or WITCH'-ELM, noun A species of elm.

Bacon.

Weed

WEED, noun [Saxon weod.] The general name of any plant that is useless or noxious. The word therefore has no definite application to any particular plant or species of plants; but whatever plants grow among corn, grass, or in hedges, and which are either of no use to man or injurious to crops, are denominated weeds.

2. Any kind of unprofitable substance among ores in mines, as mundic or marcasite. [Local.]

Weed

WEED, noun [Saxon woed, woeda, a vestment, any garment, that which is put on.]

1. Properly, a garment, as in Spenser, but now used only in the plural, weeds, for the mourning apparel of a female; as a widow's weeds.

Milton.

2. An upper garment. Obs.

Chapman.

Weed

WEED, verb transitive [Saxon weodian; Dutch weeden.]

1. To free from noxious plants; as, to weed corn or onions; to weed a garden.

2. To take away, as noxious plants; as, to weed a writing of invectives.

3. To free from any thing hurtful or offensive; as, to weed a kingdom of bad subjects.

4. To root out vice; as, to weed the hearts of the young.

Locke. Ascham.

Weeded

WEE'DED, participle passive Freed from weeds or whatever is noxious.

Weeder

WEE'DER, noun One that weeds or frees from any thing noxious.

Weed-Hook

WEE'D-HOOK, or WEE'DING-HOOK, noun [weed and hook.] A hook used for cutting away or extirpating weeds.

Tusser.

Weeding

WEE'DING, participle of the present tense Freeing from weeds or whatever is noxious to growth.

Weeding

WEE'DING, noun The operation of freeing from noxious weeds, as a crop.

Cyc.

Weeding-Chisel

WEE'DING-CHISEL, n. s as z. A tool with a divided chisel point, for cutting the roots of large weeds within the ground.

Cyc.

Weeding-Forceps

WEE'DING-FORCEPS, or WEE'DING-TONGS, noun An instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weeding.

Weeding-Fork

WEE'DING-FORK, noun A strong three-pronged fork, used in cleaning ground of weeds.

Weeding-Rhim

WEE'DING-RHIM, noun An implement somewhat like the frame of a wheel-barrow, used for tearing up weeds on summer fallows, &c.; used in Kent,

Cyc.

Weedless

WEE'DLESS, adjective Free from weeds or noxious matter.

Dryden.

Weedy

WEE'DY, adjective Consisting of weeds; as weedy trophies.

Shak.

2. Abounding with weeds; as weedy grounds; a weedy garden; weedy corn.

Week

WEEK, noun [Saxon weoc; Dutch week; German woche; Danish uge; Swedish vecka.]

1. The space of seven days.

I fast twice in the week. Luke 18.

2. In Scripture, a prophetic week, is a week of years, or seven years. Danish ix.

Week-Day

WEE'K-DAY, noun [week and day.] Any day of the week except the sabbath.

Pope.

Weekly

WEE'KLY, adjective Coming, happening or done once a week; hebdomadary; as a weekly payment of bills; a weekly gazette; a weekly allowance.

Dryden. Swift.

Weekly

WEE'KLY, adverb Once a week; by hebdomadal periods; as, each performs service weekly.

Ayliffe.

Weel

WEEL, noun [See Well. Saxon woel, from weallan, to boil.] A whirlpool. [Not in use.]

Weel

WEEL, or WEE'LY, noun A kind of twiggin trap or snare for fish.

Carew.

Ween

WEEN, verb intransitive [Saxon wenan, to think, suppose or hope, and to wean. The sense is to set, fix or hold in the mind; German wÃƒ-¼hnen, to imagine; Dutch waanen.]

To think; to imagine; to fancy.

Spenser. Milton.

[Obsolete, except in burlesque.]

Weening

WEE'NING, participle of the present tense Thinking; imagining. Obs.

Weep

WEEP, verb intransitive pret. and pp. wept. Weeped, I believe, is never used. [Saxon wepan; evidently the same word as whoop. See Whoop. The primary sense is to cry out.]

1. To express sorrow, grief or anguish by outcry. This is the original sense. But in present usage, to manifest and express grief by outcry or by shedding tears.

They all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him. Acts 20.

Phocion was rarely seen to weep or to laugh.

Mitford.

2. To shed tears from any passion. Persons sometimes weep for joy.

3. To lament; to complain. Numbers 11.

Weep

WEEP, verb transitive To lament; to bewail; to bemoan.

We wand'ring go

Through dreary wastes, and weep each other's woe.

Pope.

2. To shed moisture; as, to weep tears of joy.

Groves whose rich trees wept od'rous gum and balm.

Milton.

3. To drop; as the weeping amber.

Pope.

4. To abound with wet; as weeping grounds.

Mortimer.

Weeper

WEE'PER, noun One who weeps; one who sheds tears.

Dryden.

2. A white border on the sleeve of a mourning coat.

Johnson.

3. A species of monkey, the Simia Capucina.

Cyc.

Weeping

WEE'PING, participle of the present tense Lamenting; shedding tears.

Weeping

WEE'PING, noun Lamentation.

Weeping-Rock

WEE'PING-ROCK, noun [weep and rock.] A porous rock from which water gradually issues.

Weeping-Spring

WEE'PING-SPRING, noun A spring that slowly discharges water.

Weeping-Willow

WEEPING-WILLOW, noun A species of willow, whose branches grow very long and slender, and hang down nearly in a perpendicular direction.

Weerish

WEE'RISH, adjective Insipid; weak; washy; surly. [Not in use.]

Ascham.

Weesel

WEE'SEL, the more proper spelling of weasel.

Weet

WEET, verb intransitive pret. wot. [Saxon witan; Dutch weeten; Swedish veta; German wissen; Russian vidayu; allied probably to Latin video, Greek.] To know. Obs.

Weetless

WEE'TLESS, adjective Unknowing. Obs.

Weever

WEE'VER, noun A fish, called also sea-dragon. [Latin araneus.]

Cyc.

A fish of the genus Trachinus, the spines of whose dorsal fins are supposed to be poisonous.

Ed. Encyc.

Weevil

WEE'VIL, noun [Saxon wefl; German wibel.] A small insect that does great damage to wheat or other corn, by eating into the grains and devouring the farinaceous part. This insect is of the beetle kind, somewhat larger than a louse.

Cyc.

Weft

WEFT, old pret. of wave.

Spenser.

Weft

WEFT, noun [from weave.] The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp.

2. A web; a thing woven.

Cyc.

Weft

WEFT, noun A thing waved, waived, or cast away. [Not used.] [See Waif.]

Weftage

WEFT'AGE, noun Texture. [Not used.]

Grew.

Weigh

WEIGH, v. t. wa. [Saxon woeg, weg, a balance; woegan, to weigh, to bear, to carry, Latin veho; Dutch weegen, wikken; German wÃƒ-¤gen; Swedish v?ga; Danish vejer, to weigh; Russian

vaga, a balance; Amharic, awaki, weight. See Wag.]

1. To examine by the balance; to ascertain the weight, that is, the force with which a thing tends to the center of gravity; as, to weigh sugar; to weigh gold.

2. To be equivalent to in weight; that is, according to the Saxon sense of the verb, to lift to an equipoise a weight on the other side of the fulcrum. Thus when a body balances a weight of twenty eight pounds avoirdupois, it lifts or bears it, and is said to weigh so much. It weighs a quarter of a hundred.

3. To raise; to lift; as an anchor from the ground, or any other body; as, to weigh anchor; to weigh an old hulk.

4. To pay, allot or take by weight.

They weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. Zechariah 11.

5. To ponder in the mind; to consider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming to a conclusion; as, to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a scheme.

Regard not who it is which speaketh, but weigh only what is spoken.

Hooker.

6. To compare by the scales.

Here in nice balance truth with gold she weighs.

Pope.

7. To regard; to consider as worthy of notice.

I weigh not you.

Shak.

To weigh down, to overbalance.

2. To oppress with weight; to depress.

Weigh

WEIGH, verb intransitive To have weight; as, to weigh lighter or heavier.

Brown.

2. To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. This argument weighs with the considerate part of the community.

3. To bear heavily; to press hard.

Ã‚--Cleanse the stuff'd bosom of that perilous stuff,

Which weighs upon the heart.

Shak.

To weigh down, to sink by its own weight.

Weigh

WEIGH, noun A certain quantity. A weigh of wool, cheese, &c., is 256lb. avoirdupois; a weigh of corn is forty bushels; of barley or malt, six quarters.

Encyc. Cyc.

Weighable

WEIGHABLE, adjective That may be weighed.

Weghed

WEGHED, participle passive Examined by the scales; having the weight ascertained.

2. Considered.

3. adjective Experienced; as a young man not weighed in state affairs. [Not in use.]

Bacon.

Weigher

WEIGHER, noun One who weighs.

2. An officer whose duty is to weigh commodities.

Weighing

WEIGHING, participle of the present tense Examining by scales; considering.

Weighing

WEIGHING, noun The act of ascertaining weight.

2. As much as is weighed at once; as a weighing of beef.

Weighing-Cage

WEIGHING-CAGE, noun A cage in which small living animals may be conveniently weighed.

Cyc.

Weighing-House

WEIGHING-HOUSE, noun A building furnished with a dock and other conveniences for weighing commodities and ascertaining the tunnage of boats to be used on a canal.

Cyc.

Weighing-Machine

WEIGHING-MACHINE, noun A machine for weighing heavy bodies, and particularly wheel carriages, at turnpike gates.

Cyc. England.

2. A machine for weighing cattle.

Weight

WEIGHT, n. wate. [Saxon wiht; Swedish vigt. See Weigh.]

1. The quantity of a body, ascertained by the balance; in a philosophical sense, that quality of bodies by which they tend towards the center of the earth in a line perpendicular to its surface. In short, weight is gravity, and the weight of a particular body is the amount of its gravity, or of the force with which it tends to the center. The weight of a body is in direct proportion to its quantity of matter.

Newton.

2. A mass of iron, lead, brass or other metal, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; as a weight of an ounce, a pound, a quarter of a hundred, &c. The weights of nations are different, except those of England and the United States, which are the same.

3. A ponderous mass; something heavy.

A man leaps better with weights in his hands.

Bacon.

4. Pressure; burden; as the weight of grief; weight of care; weight of business; weight of government.

5. Importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness; as an argument of great weight; a consideration of vast weight. The dignity of a man's character adds weight to his words.

Weightily

WEIGHTILY, adverb Heavily; ponderously.

2. With force or impressiveness; with moral power.

Weightiness

WEIGHTINESS, noun Ponderousness; gravity; heaviness.

2. Solidity; force; impressiveness; power of convincing; as the weightiness of an argument.

Locke.

3. Importance.

Hayward.

Weightless

WEIGHTLESS, adjective Having no weight; light.

Dryden.

Weighty

WEIGHTY, adjective Having great weight; heavy; ponderous; as a weighty body.

2. Important; forcible; momentous; adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince; as weighty reasons; weighty matters; weighty considerations or arguments.

Shak.

3. Rigorous; severe; as our weightier judgment. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Weird

WEIRD, adjective Skilled in witchcraft. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Weive

WEIVE, for waive. [Not in use.]

Gower.

Welaway

WELAWAY, an exclamation expressive of grief or sorrow, equivalent to alas. It is a compound of Saxon wa, wo, and la, oh. The original is wa-la, which is doubtless the origin of our common exclamation, O la, and to this, wa, wo, is added. The true orthography would be wa la wa. But the word is. I believe, wholly obsolete.

Welcome

WEL'COME, adjective [Saxon wil-cuma; well and come; that is, your coming is pleasing to me.]

1. Received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment and company; as a welcome guest.

2. Grateful; pleasing; as a welcome present; welcome news.

3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously. You are welcome to the use of my library.

To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness.

Bacon.

Welcome

WEL'COME, is used elliptically for you are welcome.

Welcome, great monarch, to your own.

Dryden.

Welcome to our house, an herb.

Welcome

WEL'COME, noun Salutation of a new comer.

Welcome ever smilesÃ‚--

Shak.

2. Kind reception of a guest or new comer. We entered the house and found a ready welcome.

Truth finds an entrance and a welcome too.

South.

Welcome

WEL'COME, verb transitive [Saxon wilcumian.] To salute a new comer with kindness; or to receive and entertain hospitably, gratuitously and cheerfully.

Thus we salute thee with our early song,

And welcome thee, and wish thee long.

Milton.

Welcomed

WEL'COMED, participle passive Received with gladness and kindness.

Welcomely

WEL'COMELY, adverb In a welcome manner.

Brown.

Welcomeness

WEL'COMENESS, noun Gratefulness; agreeableness; kind reception.

Boyle.

Welcomer

WEL'COMER, noun One who salutes or receives kindly a new comer.

Shak.

Welcoming

WEL'COMING, participle of the present tense Saluting or receiving with kindness a new comer or guest.

Weld

WELD, or WOLD, noun A plant of the genns Reseda, used by dyers to give a yellow color, and sometimes called dyers' weed. It is much cultivated in Kent for the London dyers.

Cyc.

Weld

WELD, verb transitive To wield. Obs.

Spenser.

Weld

WELD, verb transitive [Swedish v?lla, to weld; German wellen, to join; Dutch wellen, to well, to spring, to soder.]

To unite or hammer into firm union, as two pieces of iron, when heated almost to fasion.

Welded

WELD'ED, participle passive Forged or beat into union in an intense heat.

Welder

WELD'ER, noun One who welds iron.

2. A manager; an actual occupant. [Not in use.]

Swift.

Welding

WELD'ING, participle of the present tense Uniting in an intense heat.

Welding-Heat

WELD'ING-HEAT, noun The heat necessary for welding iron bars, which is said to be 60Ã‚-° by Wedgwood's pyrometer, and 8877Ã‚-° by Fahrenheit.

Welfare

WEL'FARE, noun [well and fare, a good going; German wohlfahrt; Dutch welvaart; Swedish valfart; Danish velfoerd.]

1. Exemption from misfortune, sickness, calamity or evil; the enjoyment of health and the common blessings of life; prosperity; happiness; applied to persons.

2. Exemption from any unusual evil or calamity; the enjoyment of peace and prosperity, or the ordinary blessings of society and civil government; applied to states.

Welk

WELK, verb intransitive [German, Dutch welken, to wither, to fade, to decay; primarily to shrink or contract, as things in drying, whence the Saxon weolc, a whilk or whelk, a shell; from its wrinkles.]

To decline; to fade; to decay; to fall.

When ruddy Phoebus 'gins to welk in west. Obs.

Spenser.

Welk

WELK, verb transitive To contract; to shorten.

Now sad winter welked hath the dayÃ‚--

Spenser.

[This word is obsolete. But its signification has heretofore been misunderstood.]

Welked

WELK'ED, participle passive or a. Contracted into wrinkles or ridges.

Ã‚--Horns welk'd and wav'd like the enridged sea. Obs.

Shak.

Welkin

WELK'IN, noun [Saxon wolc, wolcen, a cloud, the air, ether, the vault of heaven; German wolke, a cloud. Qu. Saxon wealcan, to roll, to full.]

The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven.

Chaucer. Milton.

[This is obsolete, unless in poetry.]

Welkin eye, in Shakspeare, is interpreted by Johnson, a blue eye, from welkin, the sky; by Todd, a rolling eye, from Saxon wealcan, to roll; and by Entick, a languishing eye. See Welk. It is obsolete, at least in New England.

Welking

WELK'ING, participle of the present tense Fading; declining; contracting.

Well

WELL, noun [Saxon well, a spring or fountain; wellan, to well, to boil or bubble, to spring, to rise; Dutch wel, wellen, id.; German quelle, a spring; quellen, to spring, to issue forth, to gush, to well, to swell; wallen, to swell. In German welle is a wave. On this word I suppose swell to be formed.]

1. A spring; a fountain; the issuing of water from the earth.

Begin then, sisters of the sacred well.

Milton.

[In this sense, obsolete.]

2. A pit or cylindrical hole, sunk perpendicularly into the earth to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, and walled with stone to prevent the earth from caving in.

3. In ships, an apartment in the middle of a ship's hold, to inclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck.

Mar. Dict.

4. In a fishing vessel, an apartment in the middle of the hold, made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated in the bottom to let in fresh water for the preservation of fish, while they are transported to market.

Mar. Dict.

5. In the military art, a hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, from which run branches or galleries.

Cyc.

Well-Drain

WELL'-DRAIN, noun [well and drain.] A drain or vent for water, somewhat like a well or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land.

Cyc.

Well-Drain

WELL'-DRAIN, verb transitive To drain land by means of wells or pits, which receive the water, and from which it is discharged by machinery.

Cyc.

Well-Hole

WELL'-HOLE, or WELL, noun In architecture, the hole or space left in a floor for the stairs.

Moxon.

Well-Room

WELL'-ROOM, noun [well and room.] In a boat, a place in the bottom where the water is collected, and whence it is thrown out with a scoop.

Well-Spring

WELL'-SPRING, noun [well and spring.] A source of continual supply. Proverbs 16.

Well-Water

WELL'-WATER, noun [well and water.] The water that flows into a well from subterraneous springs; water drawn from a well.

Well

WELL, verb intransitive [Saxon wellan.] To spring; to issue forth, as water from the earth. [Little used.]

Spenser. Dryden.

Well

WELL, verb transitive To pour forth. Obs.

Spenser.

Well

WELL, adjective [Saxon wel or well; German wohl; Dutch wel; Swedish v?l; Danish vel; Welsh gwell, better; gwella, to make better, to mend, to improve; Armoric guellaat; Latin valeo, to be strong; Sanscrit bala, bali, strength. The primary sense of valeo is to strain, stretch, whence to advance, to prevail, to gain according to our vulgar phrase, to get ahead, which coincides with prosper, Greek. I do not find well used in other languages as an adjective, but it is so used in English. See Weal.]

1. Being in health; having a sound body, with a regular performance of the natural and proper functions of all the organs; applied to animals; as a well man; the patient has recovered, and is perfectly well.

While you are well, you may do much good.

Taylor.

Is your father well? Genesis 43.

2. Fortunate; convenient; advantageous; happy. It is well for us that we are sequestered so far from the rest of the world.

It was well with us in Egypt. Numbers 11.

3. Being in favor.

He was well with Henry the fourth.

Dryden.

Well

WELL, adverb In a proper manner; justly; rightly; not ill or wickedly. James 2.

If thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. Genesis 4.

2. Skillfully; with due art; as, the work is well done; he writes well; he rides well; the plot is well laid, and well executed.

3. Sufficiently; abundantly.

LotÃ‚--beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered every where. Genesis 13.

4. Very much; to a degree that gives pleasure. I liked the entertainment well.

5. Favorably; with praise.

All the world speaks well of you.

Pope.

6. Conveniently; suitably; advantageously. This is all the mind can well contain. I cannot well attend the meeting.

7. To a sufficient degree; perfectly. I know not well how to execute this task.

8. Thoroughly; fully. Let the cloth be well cleansed. Let the steel be well polished.

She looketh well to the ways of her house-hold. Proverbs 31.

9. Fully; adequately.

We are well able to overcome it. Numbers 13.

10. Far; as, to be well advanced in life.

As well as, together with; not less than; one as much as the other; as a sickness long as well as severe. London is the largest city in Europe, as well as the principal banking city.

Well enough, in a moderate degree; so as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration.

Well is him, seems to be elliptical for well is to him.

Well is prefixed to many words, expressing what is right, fit, laudable, or not defective; as well-affected; well-designed; well-directed; well-ordered; well-formed; well-meant; well-minded; well-seasoned; well-tasted.

Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, and as an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or done; and sometimes it is meroly expletive. Well, the work is done. Well, let us go. Well, well, be it so.

Welladay

WELL'ADAY, alas, Johnson supposes to be a corruption of welaway, which see.

Shak. Gay.

Wellbeing

WELLBE'ING, noun [well and being.] Welfare; happiness; prosperity; as, virtue is essential to the wellbeing of men or of society.

Well-Beloved

WELL-BELOVED, adjective Greatly beloved. Mark 12.

Well-Born

WELL'-BORN, adjective [well and born.] Born of a noble or respectable family; not of mean birth.

Waller. Dryden.

Well-Bred

WELL'-BRED, adjective [well and bred.] Educated to polished manners; polite.

Roscommon.

Well-Done

WELL-DONE, exclam. [well and done.] A word of praise; bravely; nobly; in a right manner.

Wellfare

WELLFARE, is now written welfare.

Well-Favored

WELL-FA'VORED, adjective Handsome; well formed; beautiful; pleasing to the eye. Genesis 29.

Well-Grounded

WELL-GROUND'ED, adjective [well and ground.] Well founded; having a solid foundation.

Well-Head

WELL'-HEAD, noun [well and head.] A source, spring or fountain. Obs.

Spenser.

Well-Intentioned

WELL-INTEN'TIONED, adjective Having upright intentions or purpose.

Milner.

Well-Mannered

WELL-MAN'NERED, adjective [well and manner.] Polite; well-bred; complaisant.

Dryden.

Well-Meaner

WELL'-MEANER, noun [well and mean.] One whose intention is good.

Dryden.

Well-Meaning

WELL'-MEANING, adjective Having a good intention.

Killingbeck.

Well-Met

WELL-MET', exclam. A term of salutation denoting joy at meeting.

Well-Minded

WELL-MINDED, adjective [well and mind.] Well disposed; having a good mind.

Well-Moralized

WELL-MOR'ALIZED, adjective Regulated by good morals.

Milner.

Well-Natured

WELL'-NATURED, adjective [well and natured.] Good natured; kind.

Dryden.

Well-Nigh

WELL'-NIGH, adverb [well and nigh.] Almost; nearly.

Well-Spent

WELL'-SPENT, adjective [well and spent.] Spent or passed in virtue; as a well-spent life; well-spent days.

Pope.

Well-Spoken

WELL'-SPOKEN, adjective [well and speak.]

1. Speaking well; speaking with fitness or grace; or speaking kindly.

2. Spoken with propriety; as well-spoken words.

Well-Willer

WELL-WILL'ER, noun [well and will.] One who means kindly.

Sidney. Hooker.

Well-Wish

WELL-WISH', noun [well and wish.] A wish of happiness.

Addison.

Well-Wisher

WELL-WISH'ER, noun [supra.] One who wishes the good of another.

Addison.

Welsh

WELSH, adjective [Saxon weallisc, from wealth, a foreigner; weallian, to wander; German wÃƒ-¤lsch, foreign, strange, Celtic, Welsh; Walsche sprache, the Italian language, that is, foreign, or Celtic.] Pertaining to the Welsh nation.

Welsh

WELSH, noun The language of Wales or of the Welsh.

2. The general name of the inhabitants of Wales. The word signifies foreigners or wanderers, and was given to this people by other nations, probably because they came from some distant country. The Welsh call themselves Cymry, in the plural, and a Welshman Cymro, and their country Cymru, of which the adjective is Cymreig, and the name of their language, Cymraeg. They are supposed to be the Cimbri of Jutland.

Owen.

Welt

WELT, noun [Welsh gwald, from gwal, a fence, a wall; gwaliaw, to inclose; gwaldu, to hem. See Wall.]

A border; a kind of hem or edging, as on a garment or piece of cloth, or on a shoe.

Bacon.

Welt

WELT, verb transitive To furnish with a welt; to sew on a border.

Welter

WEL'TER, verb intransitive [Saxon woeltan; Swedish v?ltra; German walzen; Danish voelter; allied probably to wallow, Latin voluto.]

To roll, as the body of an animal; but usually, to roll or wallow in some foul matter; as, to welter in blood or in filth.

Dryden.

Weltering

WEL'TERING, participle of the present tense Rolling; wallowing; as in mire, blood, or other filthy matter.

Wem

WEM, noun [Saxon] A spot; a scar. Obs.

Brerewood.

Wem

WEM, verb transitive [Saxon wemman.] To corrupt. Obs.

Wen

WEN, noun [Saxon wenn; Dutch wen; Armoric guennaen, a wart.]

An encysted swelling or tumor; also, a fleshy excrescence growing on animals, sometimes to a large size.

Cyc.

Wench

WENCH, noun [Saxon wencle. Qu. German wenig, little.]

1. A young woman. [Little used.]

Sidney. Donne.

2. A young woman of ill fame.

Prior.

3. In America, a black or colored female servant; a negress.

Wench

WENCH, verb intransitive To frequent the company of women of ill fame.

Addison.

Wencher

WENCH'ER, noun A lewd man.

Grew.

Wenching

WENCH'ING, participle of the present tense Frequenting women of ill fame.

Wend

WEND, verb intransitive [Saxon wendan.] To go; to pass to or from. [Obsolete, except in poetry; but its preterit, went, is in common use.]

2. To turn round. Obs. [Wend and wind are from the same root.]

Wennel

WEN'NEL, noun A weanel. [See Weanel.] Obs.

Wennish

WEN'NISH, or WEN'NY, adjective [from wen.] Having the nature of a wen.

Went

WENT, preterit tense of the obsolete verb wend.

We now arrange went in grammar as the preterit of go, but in origin it has no connection with it.

Wept

WEPT, pret. and participle passive of weep.

When he had come near, he beheld the city and wept over it. Luke 19.

Were

WERE, pron. wer, which when prolonged, becomes ware. This is used as the imperfect tense plural of be; we were, you were, they were; and in some other tenses. It is the Danish verb voerer, to be, to exist, Swedish vara, and in origin has no connection with be, nor with was. It is united with be, to supply its want of tenses, as went is with go.

Were

WERE, noun A dam. [See Wear.]

Weregild

WER'EGILD, noun [Saxon wer, man, and the estimated value of a man, and gild, geld, money.]

Formerly, the price of a man's head; a compensation paid for a man killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, and partly to the lord of the vassal, and partly to the next of kin. It was paid by the murderer.

Blackstone.

Wernerian

WERNE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Werner, the German mineralogist, who arranged minerals in classes, &c. according to their external characters.

Wernerite

WER'NERITE, noun A mineral, regarded by Werner as a subspecies of scapolite; called foliated scapolite. It is named from that distinguished mineralogist, Werner. It is found massive, and crystalized in octahedral prisms with four sided pyramidical terminations, disseminated in rocks of grayish or red feldspar. It is imperfectly lamellar, of a greenish, grayish, or olive green color, with a pearly or resinous luster. It is softer than feldspar, and melts into a white enamel.

Wert

WERT, the second person singular of the subjunctive imperfect tense of be. [See Were.]

Werth, worth, in names, signifies a farm, court or village, from Saxon weorthig.

Lye, Dict.

Wesil

WE'SIL, for weasand. [Not in use.]

West

WEST, noun [Saxon Dutch German west; Danish vest; Swedish vester; French ouest. This word probably signifies decline or fall, or departure; as in Latin occidens, and in other cases. In elements, it coincides with waste.]

1. In strictness, that point of the horizon where the sun sets at the equinox, or any point in a direct line between the spectator or other object, and that point of the horizon; or west is the intersection of the prime vertical with the horizon, on that side where the sun sets. West is directly opposite to east, and one of the cardinal points. In a less strict sense, west is the region of the hemisphere near the point where the sun sets when in the equator. Thus we say, a star sets in the west, a meteor appears in the west, a cloud rises in the west.

2. A country situated in the region towards the sun-setting, with respect to another. Thus in the United States, the inhabitants of the Atlantic states speak of the inhabitants of Ohio, Kentucky or Missouri, and call them people of the west; and formerly, the empire of Rome was called the empire of the West, in opposition to the empire of the East, the seat of which was Constantinople.

West

WEST, adjective Being in a line towards the point where the sun sets when in the equator; or in a looser sense, being in the region near the line of direction towards that point, either on the earth or in the heavens.

This shall be your west border. Numbers 34.

2. Coming or moving from the west or western region; as a west wind.

West

WEST, adverb To the western region; at the westward; more westward; as, Ireland lies west of England.

West

WEST, verb intransitive To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. [Not in use.]

Chaucer.

Westering

WEST'ERING, adjective Passing to the west. [I believe not now used.]

Milton.

Westerly

WEST'ERLY, adjective Being towards the west; situated in the western region; as the westerly parts of England.

Graunt.

2. Moving from the westward; as a westerly wind.

Westerly

WEST'ERLY, adverb Tending, going or moving towards the west; as a man traveling westerly.

Western

WEST'ERN, adjective [west and Saxon oern, place.]

1. Being in the west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where the sun sets; as the western shore of France; the western ocean.

2. Moving in a line to the part where the sun sets; as, the ship makes a western course.

Westing

WEST'ING, noun Space or distance westward; or departure; as the westing and southing of a ship.

Westward

WEST'WARD, adverb [Saxon westweard; west and weard, Latin versus.]

Towards the west; as, to ride or sail westward.

Westwardly

WEST'WARDLY, adverb In a direction towards the west; as, to pass westwardly.

Wet

WET, adjective [Saxon woet; Swedish v?ta, Danish voede, moisture, Greek; Latin udus.]

1. Containing water, as wet land, or a wet cloth; or having water or other liqnid upon the surface, as a wet table. Wet implies more water or liquid than moist or humid.

2. Rainy; as wet weather; a wet season.

Wet

WET, noun Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in considerable degree. Wear thick shoes or pattens to keep your feet from the wet.

2. Rainy weather; foggy or misty weather.

Swift.

Wet

WET, verb transitive pret. and pp. wet. But wetted is sometimes used. [Saxon woetan; Swedish v?ta; Danish voeder.]

1. To fill or moisten with water or other liquid; to sprinkle or humectate; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the surface; to dip or soak in liquor; as, to wet the hands; to wet cloth.

Wet the thirsty earth with falling show'rs.

Milton.

2. To moisten with drink.

Walton.

Wether

WETH'ER, noun [Saxon wether or wedder. In Danish voeder is a ram.] A ram castrated.

Wetness

WET'NESS, noun The state of being wet, either by being soaked or filled with liquor, or by having a liquid adherent to the surface; as the wetness of land; the wetness of a cloth. It implies more water or liquid than humidness or moisture.

2. A watery or moist state of the atmosphere; a state of being rainy, foggy or misty; as the wetness of weather or the season.

Wettish

WET'TISH, adjective Somewhat wet; moist; humid.

Wex

WEX, verb transitive or i. To grow; to wax. [Not to be used.] [See Wax.]

Wezand

WE'ZAND, for weasand. [See the latter.]

[NOTE.Ã‚--In words beginning with wh, the letter h, or aspirate, when both letters are pronounced, precedes the sound of w. Thus what, when, are pronounced hwat, hwen. So they were written by our ancestors, and so they ought to be written still, as they are by the Danes and Swedes.]

Whack

WHACK, verb transitive To strike. This is probably the primary word on which is formed thwack. [See Twit.] Whack is a vulgar word.

Whale

WHALE, noun [Saxon hwal, hwoel; German wallfisch, from wallen, to stir, agitate or rove; Dutch walvisch; Swedish Danish hval. This fish is named from roundness, or from rolling; for in Danish hvalt is arched or vaulted; hvoeller, to arch or vault, Dutch welven.]

The general name of an order of animals inhabiting the ocean, arranged in zoology under the name of Cete or Cetacea, and belonging to the class Mammalia in the Linnean system. The common whale is of the genus Balaena. It is the largest animal of which we have any account, and probably the largest in the world. It is sometimes ninety feet in length in the northern seas, and in the torrid zone much larger. The whale furnishes us with oil, whalebone, &c. [See Cachalot.]

Whalebone

WHA'LEBONE, noun [whale and bone.] A firm elastic substance taken from the upper jaw of the whale, used as a stiffening in stays, fans, screens, &c.

Whale-Fishery

WHA'LE-FISHERY, noun The fishery or occupation of taking whales.

Whaly

WHA'LY, adjective Marked with streaks; properly wealy.

Whame

WHAME, noun A species of fly, tabanus, the burrel fly, that annoys horses.

Whang

WHANG, noun [Saxon thwang.] A lether thong. [Not in use.]

Whang

WHANG, verb transitive To beat. [Not in use or local.]

Grose.

Whap

WHAP, noun A blow. [Vulgar.] [See Awhap.]

Whapper

WHAP'PER, noun Something uncommonly large of the kind. So thumper is connected with thump, to strike with a heavy blow. [Vulgar.]

Wharf

WHARF, n. hworf. [Saxon hwarf, hweorf; Dutch werf; Danish verf; Russian vorph. In Dutch werven signifies to raise or levy. In the plural, wharfs and wharves are both used.]

A perpendicular bank or mound of timber or stone and earth, raised on the shore of a harbor, or extending some distance into the water, for the convenience of lading and unlading ships and other vessels. This name is also given to the wider part of a canal, where boats lie while loading and unloading. The two longest wharfs in New England are at Boston and at New Haven. The latter is much the longest, extending into the harbor about three quarters of a mile.

Wharf

WHARF, verb transitive To guard or secure by a wharf or firm wall of timber or stone; as, the western bank of the Connecticut is wharfed at Hartford, to prevent the river from wearing away the land.

Wharfage

WHARF'AGE, noun The fee or duty paid for the privilege of using a wharf for loading or unloading goods, timber, wood, &c.

Wharfing

WHARF'ING, noun Wharfs in general.

Wharfinger

WHARF'INGER, noun A man who has the care of a wharf, or the proprietor of a wharf.

What

WHAT, pronoun relative or substitute. [Saxon hwoet; Gothic waiht; Dutch wat; German was; Danish Swedish hvad; Scot. quhat; Latin quod, quid. The Saxon hwoet, hwat, signifies brisk, lively, vigorous; which shows that this pronoun is the same word as wight, a living being, from the root of the Latin vivo, for vigo. See Wight. The Gothic h, represents the Latin c, in victus.]

1. That which. Say what you will, is the same as say that which you will.

2. Which part. Consider what is due to nature, and what to art or labor.

3. What is the substitute for a sentence or clause of a sentence. ``I tell thee what, corporal, I could tear her.' Here what relates to the last clause, ``I could tear her;' this is what I tell you.

4. What is used as an adjective, of both genders, often in specifying sorts or particulars. See what colors this silk exhibits. I know what qualities you desire in a friend; that is, I know the qualities which you desire.

5. What is much used in asking questions. What sort of character is this? What poem is this? What man is this we see coming?

6. What time, at the time or on the day when. What time the morn mysterious visions brings.

Pope.

7. To how great a degree.

What partial judges are our love and hate!

Dryden.

8. Whatever.

Whether it was the shortness of his foresight, the strength of his willÃ‚--or what it wasÃ‚--

Bacon.

9. Some part, or some. ``The year before, he had so used the matter, that what by force, what by policy, he had taken from the christians above thirty castles;' that is, he had taken above thirty castles, a part or some by force, a part or some by policy; or what may be interpreted partly.

Knolles.

Sometimes what has no verb to govern it, and it must be considered as adverbially used. ``What with carrying apples and fuel, he finds himself in a hurry;' that is, partly, in part.

10. What is sometimes used elliptically for what is this, or how is this?

What! could ye not watch with me one hour? Matthew 26.

11. What is used interrogatively and elliptically, as equivalent to what will be the consequence? What will follow? as in the phrase, what if I undertake this business myself?

What though, that is, grant this or that; allow it to be so.

What ho, an exclamation of calling.

What

WHAT, noun Fare; things; matter. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Whatever

WHATEV'ER, pronoun [what and ever.] Being this or that; being of one nature or another; being one thing or another; any thing that may be. Whatever is read, let it be read with attention. Whatever measure may be adopted, let it be with due caution. Whatever you do, let it be done with prudence.

2. All that; the whole that; all particulars that.

At once came forth whatever creeps.

Milton.

Whatsoever

WHATSOEV'ER, a compound of what, so, and ever, has the sense of whatever, and is less used than the latter. Indeed it is nearly obsolete. Whatso, in a like sense, is entirely obsolete.

Wheal

WHEAL, noun A pustule. [See Weal.]

Wheat

WHEAT, noun [Saxon hwoete; Gothic hwit; Icelandic hveitenu; German weitzen; Swedish hvete; Danish hvede; Dutch weit. Qu. Hebrew; Syriac id.]

A plant of the genus Triticum, and the seed of the plant, which furnishes a white flour for bread, and next to rice, is the grain most generally used by the human race. Of this grain the varieties are numerous, as red wheat, white wheat, bald wheat, bearded wheat, winter wheat, summer wheat, &c.

Wheat-Bird

WHE'AT-BIRD, noun A bird that feeds on wheat.

Virginia.

Wheat-Ear

WHE'AT-EAR, noun The English name of the Motacilla oenanthe; called also whitetail and fallow-finch.

Cyc.

Wheaten

WHEATEN, a. hwee'tn. Made of wheat; as wheaten bread.

Arbuthnot. Pope.

Wheat-Plum

WHE'AT-PLUM, noun A sort of plum.

Wheedle

WHEE'DLE, verb transitive [Qu. Greek, or.] To flatter; to entice by soft words. To learn th' unlucky art of wheedling fools.

Dryden.

Wheedle

WHEE'DLE, verb intransitive To flatter; to coax.

Wheedled

WHEE'DLED, participle passive Flattering; enticing coaxed.

Wheedling

WHEE'DLING, participle of the present tense Flattering; enticing by soft words.

Wheedling

WHEE'DLING, noun The act of flattering or enticing.

Wheel

WHEEL, noun [Saxon hweol, hweohl, hweogl, hweogul; Dutch wiel; Swedish hiul. This seems to have Wg or Hg for its elements. See Syriac and Arabic No. 16. 17. Class Cg.]

1. A circular frame of wood, iron or other metal, consisting of a nave or hub, into which are inserted spokes which sustain a rim or felly; the whole turning on an axis. The name is also given to a solid circular or round piece of wood or metal, which revolves on an axis. The wheel and axle constitute one of the mechanical powers.

2. A circular body.

Shak.

3. A carriage that moves on wheels.

Pope.

4. An instrument for torturing criminals; as an examination made by the rack and the wheel.

Addison.

5. A machine for spinning thread, of various kinds.

6. Rotation; revolution; turn; as the vicissitude and wheel of things.

South.

7. A turning about; a compass.

He throws his flight in many an airy wheel.

Milton.

8. In pottery, a round board turned by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which the clay is shaped by the hand.

Wheel-Animal

WHEEL-ANIMAL, noun A genus of animalcules, with arms for taking their prey, resembling wheels.

Cyc.

Wheel-Barrow

WHEE'L-BARROW, noun [wheel and barrow.] A barrow moved on a single wheel.

Wheel-Boat

WHEE'L-BOAT, noun [wheel and boat.] A boat with wheels, to be used either on water or upon inclined planes or rail-ways.

Wheel-Carriage

WHEE'L-CARRIAGE, noun [wheel and carriage.] A carriage moved on wheels.

Wheeler

WHEE'LER, noun A marker of wheels. Obs.

Wheel-Fire

WHEE'L-FIRE, noun [wheel and fire.] In chimistry, a fire which encompasses the crucible without touching it.

Cyc.

Wheel-Shaped

WHEE'L-SHAPED, adjective [wheel and shape.] In botany, rotate; monopetalous, expanding into flat border at top, with scarcely any tube; as a wheel-shaped corol.

Smith.

Wheel-Wright

WHEE'L-WRIGHT, noun [wheel and wright.] A man whose occupation is to make wheels and wheel-carriages, as carts and wagons.

Wheel

WHEEL, verb transitive To convey on wheels; as, to wheel a load of hay or wood.

2. To put into a rotary motion; to cause to turn round.

Milton.

Wheel

WHEEL, verb intransitive To turn on an axis.

Bentley.

2. To turn; to move round; as, a body of troops wheel to the right or left.

3. To fetch a compass.

Then wheeling down the steep of heav'n he flies.

Pope.

4. To roll forward.

Thunder

Must wheel on th' earth, devouring where it rolls.

Milton.

Wheeled

WHEE'LED, participle passive Conveyed on wheels; turned; rolled round.

Wheeling

WHEE'LING, participle of the present tense Conveying on wheels or in a wheel-carriage; turning.

Wheeling

WHEE'LING, noun The act of conveying on wheels.

2. The act of passing on wheels, or convenience for passing on wheels. We say, it is good wheeling, or bad wheeling, according to the state of the roads.

3. A turning or circular movement of troops embodied.

Wheely

WHEE'LY, adjective Circular; suitable to rotation.

Philips.

Wheeze

WHEEZE, verb intransitive [Saxon hweosan; Armoric chueza; Swedish hes, hoarse; Danish hvoeser; Swedish hv?sa, to hiss, to whiz; Danish hvaes, a whistling. Wheese, whiz, and probably whisper, are of one family, and accord with the root of the Latin fistula.]

To breathe hard and with an audible sound, as persons affected with asthma.

Dryden. Swift.

Wheezing

WHEE'ZING, participle of the present tense Breathing with difficulty and noise.

Whelk

WHELK, noun A wrinkle; inequality on the surface; protuberance; a pustule. [See Welk and Weal.]

2. A shell of the genus Buccinum, or trumpetshell, univalvular, spiral and gibbous, with an oval aperture ending in a short canal or gutter.

Linne. Cyc.

Whelky

WHELK'Y, adjective Protuberant; embossed; rounded.

Spenser.

Whelm

WHELM, verb transitive [Saxon ahwylfan; Gothic hulyan; Icelandic wilma or hwilma.]

1. To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in something that envelops on all sides; as, to whelm a person or a company in the seas; to whelm a caravan in sand or dust.

2. To cover completely; to immerse deeply; to overburden; as, to whelm one in sorrows.

3. To throw over so as to cover. [Not used.]

Mortimer.

Whelmed

WHELM'ED, participle passive Covered, as by being plunged or immersed.

Whelming

WHELM'ING, participle of the present tense Covering, as by immersion.

Whelp

WHELP, noun [Danish hvalp; Swedish valp; Dutch welp. This word coincides in elements with wolf, Latin vulpes.]

1. The young of the canine species, and of several other beasts of prey; a puppy; a cub; as a bear robbed of her whelps; lion's whelps.

2. A son; in contempt.

Shak.

3. A young man; in contempt.

Addison.

Whelp

WHELP, verb intransitive To bring forth young, as the female of the canine species and some other beasts of prey.

Boyle.

When

WHEN, adverb [Gothic hwan; Saxon hwoenne; German wann; Dutch wanneer; Latin quando; Gaelic, cuinne.]

1. At the time. We were present when Gen.

La Fayette embarked at Havre for New York.

2. At what time, interrogatively.

When shall these things be? Matthew 24.

3. Which time.

I was adopted heir by his consent;

Since when, his oath is broke.

Shak.

4. After the time that. When the act is passed, the public will be satisfied.

5. At what time.

Kings may

Take their advantage, when and how they list.

Daniel.

When as, at the time when; what time. Obs.

When as sacred light began to dawn.

Milton.

Whence

WHENCE, adverb [Saxon hwanon.] From what place.

Whence and what art thou?

Milton.

2. From what source. Whence shall we derive hope? Whence comes this honor?

Whence hath this man this wisdom? Matthew 13.

3. From which premises, principles or facts. These facts or principles are admitted, whence it follows, that judgment must be entered for the plaintif.

4. How; by what way or means. Mark 12.

5. In general, from which person, cause, place, principle or circumstance.

From whence may be considered as tautological, from being implied in whence; but the use is well authorized, and in some cases the use of it seems to give force or beauty to the phrase. We ascended the mountain, from whence we took a view of the beautiful plains below.

Of whence, is not now used.

Whencesoever

WHENCESOEV'ER, adverb [whence, so, and ever.]

From what place soever; from what cause or source soever.

Any idea, whencesoever we have itÃ‚--

Locke.

Whencever

WHENCEVER. [See Whensoever.]

Whenever

WHENEV'ER, adverb [when and ever.] At whatever time. Whenever you come, you will be kindly received.

Whensoever

WHENSOEV'ER, adverb [when, so, and ever.] At what time soever; at whatever time.

Locke.

Where

WHERE, adverb [Saxon hwoer; Gothic hwar; Swedish hvar; Dutch waar.]

1. At which place or places.

She visited the place where first she was so happyÃ‚--

Sidney.

In all places where I record my name, I will come to thee and I will bless thee. Exodus 20.

2. At or in what place.

Adam, where art thou? Genesis 3.

3. At the place in which.

Where I thought the remnant of my age

Should have been cherish'd by her child-like duty.

Shak.

4. Whither; to what place, or from what place. Where are you going? Where are you from? [These uses of where are common, and the first cannot be condemned as vulgar.]

Any where, in any place. I sought the man, but could not find him any where.

[Note. Where seems to have been originally a noun, and was so used by Spenser. ``He shall find no where safe to him.' In this sense, it is obsolete; yet it implies place, its original signification.]

Whereabout

WHEREABOUT', adverb [where and about.]

1. Near what place. Whereabout did you meet your friend?

2. Near which place.

Shak.

3. Concerning which.

The object whereabout they are conversant.

Hooker.

Whereas

WHEREAS, adv. s as z. [where and as.]

1. When in fact or truth, implying opposition to something that precedes.

Are not those found to be the greatest zealots, who are most notoriously ignorant? whereas true zeal should always begin with true knowledge.

Sprat.

2. The thing being so that; considering that things are so; implying an admission of facts, sometimes followed by a different statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent, as in the law style, where a preamble introduces a law.

Whereas wars are generally causes of povertyÃ‚--

Bacon.

3. Whereat; at which place. Obs.

Spenser.

4. But on the contrary. [See No. 1.]

Woodward.

Whereat

WHEREAT', adverb [where and at.] At which. Whereat he was no less angry and ashamed, than desirous to obey Zelmane.

Sidney.

2. At what, interrogatively. Whereat are you offended?

Whereby

WHEREBY', adverb [where and by.] By which.

You take my life,

When you do take the means whereby I live.

Shak.

2. By what, interrogatively.

Whereby shall I know this? Luke 1.

Wherefore

WHEREFORE, adverb [where and for.] For which reason.

Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. Matthew 7.

2. Why; for what reason.

Wherefore didst thou doubt? Matthew 14.

Wherein

WHEREIN', adverb [where and in.] In which; in which thing, time, respect, book, &c. This is the thing wherein you have erred.

2. In what.

Yet ye say, wherein have we wearied him? Malachi 2.

Whereinto

WHEREINTO', adverb [where and into.] Into which. Obs.

Bacon.

Whereness

WHERENESS, noun Ubiety; imperfect locality.

A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing.

Grew.

[This word is not used, nor has it any intelligible signification.]

Whereof

WHEREOF', adverb [where and of.] Of which. We are not guilty of the crime whereof we are accused.

2. Of what. Whereof was this house built? Obs.

How this world, when and whereof createdÃ‚--

Milton.

Whereon

WHEREON', adverb [where and on.] On which; as the ground whereon we tread.

2. On what. Whereon do we stand? Obs.

Whereso

WHERESO, adv. Obs. [See Wheresoever.]

Wheresoever

WHERESOEV'ER, adverb [where, so, and ever.]

In what place soever; in whatever place, or in any place indefinitely. Seize the thief, wheresoever he may be found. [Wherever is the preferable word.]

Wherethrough

WHERETHROUGH, through which, is not in use.

Whereto

WHERETO, adverb [where and to.] To which. Whereto we have already attainedÃ‚-- Philippians 3.

2. To what; to what end. [Little used.]

Whereunto

WHEREUNTO', adverb [where and unto.] The same as whereto. [Little used.]

Whereupon

WHEREUPON', adverb Upon which.

The townsmen mutinied and sent to Essex, whereupon he came thither.

Clarendon.

Wherever

WHEREV'ER, adverb [where and ever.] At whatever place.

He cannot but love virtue, wherever it is.

Atterbury.

Wherewith

WHEREWITH', adverb [where and with.] With which.

The love wherewith thou hast loved me. John 17.

2. With what, interrogatively.

Wherewith shall I save Israel? Judges 6.

Wherewithal

WHEREWITHAL', adverb [See Withal.] [where, with, and all.] The same as wherewith.

Wherret

WHER'RET, verb transitive [German wirren. Qu.] To hurry; to trouble; to tease; to give a box on the ear. [Low and not used in America.]

Wherret

WHER'RET, noun A box on the ear. [Not in use.]

Beaum.

Wherry

WHER'RY, noun [a different orthography of ferry, formed with a strong breathing; like whistle, from the root of Latin fistula.]

1. A boat used on rivers. The name is given to several kinds of light boats. It is also applied to some decked vessels used in fishing, in different parts of Great Britain and Ireland.

Mar. Dict.

2. A liquor made from the pulp of crabs after the verjuice is expressed; sometimes called crab-wherry. [Local.]

Whet

WHET, verb transitive pret. and pp. whetted or whet. [Saxon hwettan; Swedish hv?ssa; Danish hvas, sharp; hvedser, to whet; Dutch wetten; German wetzen.]

1. To rub for the purpose of sharpening, as an edge tool; to sharpen by attrition; as, to whet a sythe or an ax.

2. To provoke; to excite; to stimulate; as, to whet the appetite.

3. To provoke; to make angry or acrimonious.

Since Cassius first did whet me against Cesar,

I have not slept.

Shak.

To whet on or whet forward, to urge on; to instigate. [Not used nor proper.]

Shak.

Whet

WHET, noun The act of sharpening by friction.

2. Something that provokes or stimulates the appetite; as sips, drams and whets.

Spectator.

Whether

WHETH'ER, pronoun or substitute. [Saxon hwoether. This word seems to be connected with what and the Latin uter, the latter not being aspirated. The sense seems to be what, or which of two, referring either to persons or to sentences.]

1. Which of two.

Whether of them twain did the will of his father? Matthew 21.

Here whether is a substitute for one of two, and signifies which; which of the two; but in this sense it is obsolete.

2. Which of two alternatives, expressed by a sentence or the clause of a sentence, and followed by or. ``Resolve whether you will go or not;' that is, you will go or not go; resolve which.

[NOTE. In the latter use, which is now most common, whether is called an adverb. This is a mistake. It is the same part of speech as in the former example. The only difference is that in the former example it represents or refers to a noun, and in the latter to a sentence or clause.]

Whetstone

WHET'STONE, noun [whet and stone.] A stone used for sharpening edged instruments by friction.

Whetstone-Slate

WHET'STONE-SLATE, or WHET'-SLATE, noun Novaculite or coticular shist, a variety of slate used for sharpening instruments of iron. The light green colored variety from the Levant is the most valuable. It should be kept in a damp place, that it may not become too dry and hard.

Whetted

WHET'TED, participle passive Rubbed for sharpening; sharpened; provoked; stimulated.

Whetter

WHET'TER, noun He or that which whets or sharpens.

Whetting

WHET'TING, participle of the present tense Rubbing for the purpose of making sharp; sharpening; provoking; inciting; stimulating.

Whewer

WHEW'ER, noun Another name of the widgeon. [Local.]

Whey

WHEY, noun [Saxon hwoeg; Dutch wei or hui.] The serum or watery part of milk, separated from the more thick or coagulable part, particularly in the process of making cheese. In this process, the thick part is called curd, and the thin part whey.

Wheyey

WHEYEY, adjective Partaking of whey; resembling whey.

Bacon.

Wheyish

WHEYISH, adjective Having the qualities of whey.

Philips.

Whey-Tub

WHEY-TUB, noun A tub in which whey stands for yielding cream, &c.

Cyc.

Which

WHICH, pronoun relative or substitute. [I have not found this word in any other language, and I think it not probable that it is a contraction of Saxon hwilc, German welcher, Dutch welk, &c. If not, it may be from the root of quick. See What and Wight.]

1. A word called a relative or pronoun relative, because it relates to another word or thing, usually to some word that precedes it in the sentence. I call it also a substitute, as it supplies the place of a noun, or of an adjective, or of a sentence or clause. 1. ``The garden which I cultivate,' that is, the garden, which garden I cultivate. 2. ``We are bound to obey all the divine commands, which we cannot do without divine aid.' Here which represents the words, obey the divine commands. 3. ``You declared him to be innocent, which he is not.' Here which stands for innocent.

In the foregoing uses, which is not used in the masculine gender, that is, it does not in modern usage represent a person.

2. Which is much used in asking questions, for the purpose of obtaining the designation of a particular person or thing by the answer, and in this use, it is of the masculine as well as of the neuter gender. There are two or three things to be done; which shall I do first? Which man is it?

Which of you convinceth me of sin? John 8.

For which of those works do ye stone me? John 10.

3. That which. ``Take which you will,' that is, take any one of the whole.

The which, by the which. The use of the before which, is obsolete.

Whichever

WHICHEV'ER, or WHICHSOEV'ER, pronoun Whether one or the other. Whichever road you take, it will conduct you to town.

Whiff

WHIFF, noun [Welsh Ãƒ-§wif, a whiff or puff, a hiss; Ãƒ-§wifiaw, to whiff, and Ãƒ-§waf, a quick gust.]

1. A sudden expulsion of air from the mouth; a puff; as the whiff of a smoker.

And seasons his whiffs with impertinent jokes.

Pope.

2. In ichthyology, a species of Pleuronectes or flounder.

Ed. Encyc.

Whiff

WHIFF, verb transitive To puff; to throw out in whiffs; to consume in whiffs.

Whiffle

WHIF'FLE, verb intransitive [Dutch weifelen, to waver; zweeven, to hover. This accords in sense with German zweifeln, to doubt, which would seem to be from zwei, two, or its root. The German has also schweifen, to rove or wander, which seems to be allied to sweep. The Dutch has also twyffelen, to doubt, from twee, two, or its root; Swedish tvifla, Danish tvivler, from the root of two. Yet whiffle seems to be directly from whiff.]

To start, shift and turn; to change from one opinion or course to another; to use evasions; to prevaricate; to be fickle and unsteady.

A person of a whiffling and unsteady turn of mind, cannot keep close to a point of controversy.

Watts.

Whiffle

WHIF'FLE, verb transitive To disperse with a puff; to scatter.

More.

Whiffle

WHIF'FLE, noun Anciently, a fife or small flute.

Whiffler

WHIF'FLER, noun One who whiffles or frequently changes his opinion or course; one who uses shifts and evasions in argument.

2. A harbinger; perhaps one who blows the horn or trumpet.

Shak.

3. A young man who goes before a company in London on occasions of public solemnity.

Cyc.

Whiffling

WHIF'FLING, participle of the present tense Shifting and turning; prevaricating; shuffling.

Whiffling

WHIF'FLING, noun Prevarication.

Whig

WHIG, noun [Saxon hwoeg. See Whey.] Acidulated whey, sometimes mixed with butter milk and sweet herbs; used as a cooling beverage. [Local.]

Whig

WHIG, noun [origin uncertain.] One of a political party which had its origin in England in the seventeenth century, in the reign of Charles I. or II., when great contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims, were called tories, and the advocates of popular rights were called whigs. During the revolution in the United States, the friends and supporters of the war and the principles of the revolution, were called whigs, and those who opposed them, were called tories and royalists.

Where then, when tories scarce get clear,

Shall whigs and congresses appear?

M'Fingal.

Whiggarchy

WHIG'GARCHY, noun Government by whigs. [Cant.]

Swift.

Whiggish

WHIG'GISH, adjective Pertaining to whigs; partaking of the principles of whigs.

Swift.

Whiggism

WHIG'GISM, noun The principles of a whig.

Swift.

While

WHILE, noun [Saxon hwile; Gothic hweila; German weil; Dutch wyl, time, while; Danish hvile, Swedish hvila, repose; Welsh Ãƒ-§wyl, a turn, Irish foil. See the Verb.]

Time; space of time, or continued duration. He was some while in this country. One while we thought him innocent.

Pausing a while, thus to herself she mus'd.

Milton.

Worth while, worth the time which it requires; worth the time and pains; hence, worth the expense. It is not always worth while for a man to prosecute for small debts.

While

WHILE, adverb During the time that. While I write, you sleep.

2. As long as.

Use your memory, and you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement, while you take care not to overload it.

Watts.

3. At the same time that.

Pope.

While

WHILE, verb transitive [Welsh Ãƒ-§wylaw, to turn, to run a course, to bustle; Ethiopic waala, to pass the time, to spend the day or life, to remain; Amharic, id.; Danish hviler, Swedish hvila, to rest or repose; Irish foillim, to stay, to rest, to tarry; German weilen, verweilen, to abide, to stay; Dutch verwylen, id. Qu. the identity of these words.]

To while away, as time, in English, is to loiter; or more generally, to cause time to pass away pleasantly, without irksomeness; as, we while away time in amusements or diversions.

Let us while away this life.

Pope.

While

WHILE, verb intransitive To loiter.

Spectator.

Whilere

WHILE'RE, adverb [while and ere.] A little while ago. Obs.

Whiling

WHI'LING, participle of the present tense Loitering; passing time agreeably, without impatience or tediousness.

Whilk

WHILK, noun A shell. [See Whelk.]

Whilom

WHI'LOM, adverb [Saxon hwilon.] Formerly; once; of old. Obs.

Spenser.

Whilst

WHILST, adverb The same as while, which see. Whiles is not used.

Whim

WHIM, noun [Icelandic hwima; Welsh Ãƒ-§wim, a brisk motion, a turn; Ãƒ-§wimiaw, to move round briskly; Spanish quimera, a whim, a wild fancy, a scuffle.]

1. Properly, a sudden turn or start of the mind; a freak; a fancy; a capricious notion. We say, every man has his whims. [See Freak and Caprice.]

All the superfluous whims relate.

Swift.

2. A low wit; a cant word.

Addison.

Whimper

WHIM'PER, verb intransitive [German wimmern.] To cry with a low, whining, broken voice; as, a child whimpers.

Locke.

Whimpering

WHIM'PERING, participle of the present tense Crying with a low broken voice.

Whimpering

WHIM'PERING, noun [supra.] A low muttering cry.

Whimpled

WHIMPLED, a word used by Shakspeare, is perhaps a mistake for whimpered. There is no such word in the English.

Whimsey

WHIM'SEY, n. s as z. [from whim.] A whim; a freak; a capricious notion; as the whimseys of poets.

Men's follies, whimsies, and inconstancy.

Swift.

Whimsical

WHIM'SICAL, adjective Full of whims; freakish; having odd fancies; capricious.

My neighbors call me whimsical.

Addison.

Whimsically

WHIM'SICALLY, adverb [supra.] In a whimsical manner; freakishly.

Whimsicalness

WHIM'SICALNESS, noun [supra.] Freakishness; whimsical disposition; odd temper.

Whin

WHIN, noun [In Welsh Ãƒ-§wyn is a weed; Latin genista spinosa.] Gorse; furze; a plant of the genus Ulex.

Tusser. Lee.

Whin-Ax

WHIN'-AX, noun [whin and ax.] An instrument used for extirpating whin from land.

Cyc.

Whinbrel

WHIN'BREL, or WHIM'BREL, noun A bird resembling the curlew.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Whin-Chat

WHIN'-CHAT, noun A bird, a species of warbler, the Motacilla rubetra, Linn.

Ed. Encyc.

Whine

WHINE, verb transitive [Saxon wanian and cwanian; Gothic hwainon; Danish hviner, to whine, and to whinny, as a horse; Swedish hvina, to squeal or squeak; Welsh aÃƒ-§wyn, to complain; Latin hinnio, and qu. gannio.]

To express murmurs by a plaintive cry; to moan with a puerile noise; to murmur meanly.

They cameÃ‚--with a whining accent craving liberty.

Sidney.

Then, if we whine, look paleÃ‚--

Shak.

Whine

WHINE, noun A plaintive tone; the nasal puerile tone of mean complaint; mean or affected complaint.

Rowe.

Whiner

WHI'NER, noun One who whines.

Whining

WHI'NING, participle of the present tense Expressing murmurs by a mean plaintive tone or cant.

Whinny

WHIN'NY, verb intransitive [Latin hinnio; from the root of whine.] To utter the sound of a horse; to neigh.

Whinoc

WHIN'OC, noun [German wenig, small.] The small pig of a litter.

N. England.

Whin-Stone

WHIN'-STONE, noun [whin and stone; Scot. quhyn-stane.]

Whin-stone or whin is a provincial name given to basaltic rocks, and applied by miners to any kind of dark colored and hard unstratified rock which resists the point of the pick. Veins of dark basalt or green-stone, are frequently called whindykes.

Cyc.

Whin-Yard

WHIN'-Y`ARD, noun A sword; in contempt.

Hudibras.

Whip

WHIP, verb transitive [Saxon hweopan, to whip, and to weep, that is, to whoop or hoop; Dutch wippen, to shake, to move or wag, to give the strapado; zweepen, to whip; Danish vipper, to swing; Welsh Ãƒ-§wipiaw, to move briskly, to whip; Ãƒ-§wip, a quick flirt or turn. The sense is well expressed by the Welsh, and we say, a man whips round a corner, when running he suddenly turns. It seems to be allied to wipe and sweep, and Latin vapulo, and implies a sweeping throw or thrust.]

1. To strike with a lash or sweeping cord; as, to whip a horse.

2. To sew slightly.

Gay.

3. To drive with lashes; as, to whip a top.

4. To punish with the whip; as, to whip a vagrant; to whip one thirty nine lashes; to whip a perverse boy.

Who, for false quantities, was whipp'd at school.

Dryden.

5. To lash with sarcasm.

They would whip me with their fine wits.

Shak.

6. To strike; to thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking; as, to whip wheat. [Not in use in the U. States.]

Cyc.

To whip about or round, to wrap; to inwrap; as, to whip a line round a rod.

Moxon.

To whip out, to draw nimbly; to snatch; as, to whip out a sword or rapier from its sheath.

To whip from, to take away suddenly.

To whip into, to thrust in with a quick motion. He whipped his hand into his pocket.

To whip up, to seize or take up with a quick motion. She whipped up the child, and ran off. Among seamen, to hoist with a whip or small tackle.

Whip

WHIP, verb intransitive To move nimbly; to start suddenly and run; or to turn and run; as, the boy whipped away in an instant; he whipped round the corner; he whipped into the house, and was out of sight in a moment.

Whip

WHIP, noun [Saxon hweop.] An instrument for driving horses or other teams, or for correction, consisting of a lash tied to a handle or rod.

2. In ships, a small tackle, used to hoist light bodies.

Mar. Dict.

Whip and spur, with the utmost haste.

Whip-Cord

WHIP'-CORD, noun [whip and cord.] Cord of which lashes are made.

Dryden.

Whipgraft

WHIP'GR`AFT, verb transitive [whip and graft.] To graft by cutting the cion and stock in a sloping direction, so as to fit each other, and by inserting a tongue on the cion into a slit in the stock.

Whip-Grafting

WHIP'-GR`AFTING, noun The act or practice of grafting by cutting the cion and stock with a slope, to fit each other, &c.

Encyc.

Whip-Hand

WHIP'-HAND, noun [whip and hand.] Advantage over; as, he has the whip-hand of her.

Dryden.

Whip-Lash

WHIP'-LASH, noun [whip and lash.] The lash of a whip.

Tusser.

Whipped

WHIP'PED, participle passive Struck with a whip; punished; enwrapped; sewed slightly.

Whipper

WHIP'PER, noun One who whips; particularly, an officer who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping.

Whipping

WHIP'PING, participle of the present tense Striking with a whip; punishing with a whip; enwrapping.

Whipping

WHIP'PING, noun The act of striking with a whip, or of punishing; the state of being whipped.

Whipping-Post

WHIP'PING-POST, noun [whipping and post.] A post to which offenders are tied when whipped.

Whipple-Tree

WHIP'PLE-TREE, noun [whip and tree; but qu. is it not whiffle-tree?]

The bar to which the traces or tugs of a harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, a harrow or other implement is drawn.

Whippowil

WHIP'POWIL, noun The popular name of an American bird, so called from its note, or the sounds of its voice. [Not whip-poorwill.]

Whip-Saw

WHIP'-SAW, noun [whip and saw.] A saw to be used by two persons.

Whip-Staff

WHIP'-ST`AFF, noun [whip and staff.] In ships, a bar by which the rudder is turned. In small vessels this is called the tiller.

Whipster

WHIP'STER, noun A nimble fellow.

Prior.

Whip-Stitch

WHIP'-STITCH, verb transitive [whip and stitch.] In agriculture, to half-plow or to rafter land. This word, I believe, is not used in America. The practice of whip-stitching resembles what is called in America ridging.

Whip-Stock

WHIP'-STOCK, noun [whip and stock.] The rod or staff to which the lash of a whip is fastened.

Whipt

WHIPT, participle passive of whip; sometimes used for whipped.

Whir

WHIR, v. i. hwur. To whirl round with noise; to fly with noise.

Whir

WHIR, verb transitive To hurry.

Whirl

WHIRL, v. t. hwurl. [Saxon hwyrfan; Dutch wervelen; German wirbeln, to whirl, to warble; Danish hvirveler, Swedish hvirfla, to whirl; Danish hvirvelbeen, whirl-bone, vertebra; hvirvelsoe, whirl-sea, a whirlpool; Swedish hvirfvel, Icelandic whirla, a whirl. We see that whirl and warble are dialectical forms of the same word, and both probably from the root of Latin verto and veer.]

To turn round rapidly; to turn with velocity.

He whirls his sword around without delay.

Dryden.

Whirl

WHIRL, verb intransitive To be turned round rapidly; to move round with velocity; as the whirling spindles of a cotton machine or wheels of a coach.

The wooden engine flies and whirls about.

Dryden.

2. To move hastily.

Ã‚--But whirl'd away, to shun his hateful sight.

Dryden.

Whirl

WHIRL, noun [German wirbel; Danish hvirvel.] A turning with rapidity or velocity; rapid rotation or circumvolution; quick gyration; as the whirl of a top; the whirl of a wheel; the whirl of time; the whirls of fancy.

Creech. Pope.

2. Any thing that moves or is turned with velocity, particularly on an axis or pivot.

3. A hook used in twisting.

4. In botany, a species of inflorescence, consisting of many subsessile flowers surrounding the stem in a ring. It is also written whorl and wherl.

Martyn.

Whirl-Bat

WHIRL'-BAT, noun [whirl and bat.] Any thing moved with a whirl as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the force of it. Poets use it for the ancient cestus.

The whirl-bat and the rapid race shall be

Reserv'd for Cesar.

Dryden.

Whirl-Blast

WHIRL'-BL`AST, noun [whirl and blast.] A whirling blast of wind.

Entick.

Whirl-Bone

WHIRL'-BONE, noun [whirl and bone.] The patella; the cap of the knee; the kneepan.

Ainsworth.

Whirled

WHIRL'ED, participle passive Turned round with velocity.

2. In botany, growing in whirls; bearing whirls; verticillate.

Whirligig

WHIRL'IGIG, noun [whirl and gig.] A toy which children spin or whirl round.

Johnson.

2. In military antiquities, an instrument for punishing petty offenders, as sutlers, brawling women, &c.; a kind of wooden cage turning on a pivot, in which the offender was whirled round with great velocity.

Cyc.

Whirling

WHIRL'ING, participle of the present tense Turning or moving round with velocity.

Whirling-Table

WHIRL'ING-TABLE, noun A machine contrived to exhibit and demonstrate the principal laws of gravitation, and of the planetary motions in curvilinear orbits.

Cyc.

Whirl-Pit

WHIRL-PIT, noun A whirlpool. [Not used.]

Whirlpool

WHIRL'POOL, noun [whirl and pool.] An eddy of water; a vortex or gulf where the water moves round in a circle. In some cases, a whirlpool draws things to its center and absorbs them, as is the case with the Maelstrom off the coast of Norway.

Whirlwind

WHIRL'WIND, noun [whirl and wind.] A violent wind moving in a circle, or rather in a spiral form, as if moving round an axis; this axis or the perpendicular column moving horizontally, raising and whirling dust, leaves and the like.

Whirraw

WHIRRAW', [See Hoora.]

Whirring

WHIR'RING, noun The sound of a partridge's or pheasant's wings.

[NOTE.Ã‚-- Whir is used by the common people in New England in an adverbial manner, to express the rapid flight or the sound of any thing thrown. See Whir.]

Whisk

WHISK, noun [German, Dutch wisch, a wisp.] A small bunch of grass, straw, hair or the like, used for a brush; hence, a brush or small besom.

2. Part of a woman's dress; a kind of tippet.

Child.

Whisk

WHISK, verb transitive To sweep, brush or wipe with a whisk.

2. To sweep along; to move nimbly over the ground.

Hudibras.

Whisk

WHISK, verb intransitive To move nimbly and with velocity.

Purchas.

Whisker

WHISK'ER, noun [from whisk.] Long hair growing on the human cheek.

Pope.

Whiskered

WHISK'ERED, adjective Formed into whiskers; furnished with whiskers.

Whisket

WHISK'ET, noun A basket. [Local.]

Whisking

WHISK'ING, participle of the present tense Brushing; sweeping along; moving with velocity along the surface.

Whisky

WHIS'KY, noun [Irish uisge, water, whence usquebaugh; Welsh wysg, a stream.]

A spirit distilled from grain. In the north of England, the name is given to the spirit drawn from barley. In the United States, whisky is generally distilled from wheat, rye or maiz.

Whisper

WHIS'PER, verb intransitive [Saxon hwisprian; Danish hvisker; Swedish hviska, to buzz, to whisper; allied to whistle, wheeze, and Latin fistula. The word seems by its sound to be an onomatopy, as it expresses a sibilant sound or breathing.]

1. To speak with a low hissing or sibilant voice. It is ill manners to whisper in company.

The hollow whisp'ring breezeÃ‚--

Thomson.

2. To speak with suspicion or timorous caution.

3. To plot secretly; to devise mischief.

All that hate me whisper together against me. Psalm 41.

Whisper

WHIS'PER, verb transitive To address in a low voice. He whispers the man in the ear. [But this is elliptical for whispers to.]

2. To utter in a low sibilant voice. He whispered a word in my ear.

3. To prompt secretly; as, he came to whisper Woolsey.

Shak.

Whisper

WHIS'PER, noun A low soft sibilant voice; or words uttered with such a voice.

The whisper cannot give a tone.

Bacon.

Soft whispers through th' assembly went.

Dryden.

2. A cautious or timorous speech.

3. A hissing or buzzing sound.

Whispered

WHIS'PERED, participle passive Uttered in a low voice; uttered with suspicion or caution.

Whisperer

WHIS'PERER, noun One who whispers.

2. A tattler; one who tells secrets; a conveyer of intelligence secretly.

Bacon.

3. A backbiter; one who slanders secretly. Proverbs 16.

Whispering

WHIS'PERING, participle of the present tense Speaking in a low voice; telling secretly; backbiting.

Whispering

WHIS'PERING, noun The act of speaking with a low voice; the telling of tales, and exciting of suspicions; a backbiting.

Whisperingly

WHIS'PERINGLY, adverb In a low voice.

Whist

WHIST, adjective [Cornish huist, silence.] Silent; mute; still; not speaking; not making a noise.

The winds with wonder whist,

Smoothly the waters kiss'd.

Milton.

[This adjective, like some others, always follows its noun. We never say, whist wind; but the wind is whist.]

Whist is used for be silent. Whist, whist, that is, be silent or still.

Whist

WHIST, noun A game at cards, so called because it requires silence or close attention. It is not in America pronounced whisk.

Whistle

WHIS'TLE, v. i. hwis'l. [Saxon hwisllan; Swedish hvissla; Danish hvidsler; Latin fistula, a whistle; allied to whisper.]

1. To utter a kind of musical sound, by pressing the breath through a small orifice formed by contracting the lips.

While the plowman near at hand,

Whistles o'er the furrow'd land.

Milton.

2. To make a sound with a small wind instrument.

3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe.

The wild winds whistle, and the billows roar.

Pope.

Whistle

WHIS'TLE, verb transitive To form, utter or modulate by whistling; as, to whistle a tune or air.

2. To call by a whistle; as, he whistled back his dog.

Whistle

WHIS'TLE, noun [Saxon hwistle; Latin fistula.]

1. A small wind instrument.

Bacon.

2. The sound made by a small wind instrument.

3. Sound made by pressing the breath through a small orifice of the lips.

4. The mouth; the organ of whistling. [Vulgar.]

5. A small pipe, used by a boatswain to summon the sailors to their duty; the boatswain's call.

Mar. Dict.

6. The shrill sound of winds passing among trees or through crevices, &c.

7. A call, such as sportsmen use to their dogs.

Whistled

WHIS'TLED, participle passive Sounded with a pipe; uttered in a whistle.

Whistle-Fish

WHIS'TLE-FISH, noun A local name of a species of Gadus, with only two fins on the back; the Mustela fluviatilis.

Cyc.

Whistler

WHIS'TLER, noun One who whistles.

Whistling

WHIS'TLING, participle of the present tense Uttering a musical sound through a small orifice of the lips; sounding with a pipe; making a shrill sound, as wind.

Whistly

WHIS'TLY, adverb Silently.

Whit

WHIT, noun [Saxon wiht, a creature, also a thing, something, any thing. This is probably from the root of Latin vivo, victum.]

A point; a jot; the smallest part or particle imaginable. It is used without a preposition. He is not a whit the wiser for experience.

It does not me a whit displease.

Cowley.

The regular construction would be by a whit, or in a whit. In these phrases, a whit may be interpreted by in the least, in the smallest degree.

White

WHITE, adjective [Saxon hwit; Swedish hvit; Danish hvid; Dutch wit; German weiss.]

1. Being of the color of pure snow; snowy; not dark; as white paper; a white skin.

2. Pale; destitute of color in the cheeks, or of the tinge of blood color; as white with fear.

3. Having the color of purity; pure; clean; free from spot; as white robed innocence.

4. Gray; as white hair; a venerable man, white with age.

5. Pure; unblemished.

No whiter page than Addison's remains.

Pope.

6. In a scriptural sense, purified from sin; sanctified. Psalm 51.

White-Bait

WHI'TE-BAIT, noun [white and bait.] A very small delicate fish, of the genus Clupea.

White-Beam

WHI'TE-BEAM, noun The white-leaf tree, a species of Crataegus.

Lee.

White-Bear

WHI'TE-BEAR, noun [white and bear.] The bear that inhabits the polar regions.

White-Brant

WHITE-BRANT, noun [white and brant.] A species of the duck kind, the Anas hyperborea.

Cyc.

White-Bug

WHI'TE-BUG, noun [white and bug.] An insect of the bug kind, which injures vines and some other species of fruit.

Cyc.

White-Campion

WHITE-CAM'PION, noun [white and campion.]

A pernicious perennial weed, growing in corn land, pastures and hedges.

Cyc.

White-Caterpillar

WHITE-CAT'ERPILLAR, noun An insect of a small size, called sometimes the borer, that injures the gooseberry bush.

Cyc.

White-Centaury

WHITE-CEN'TAURY, noun An annual weed in woods and other places. It is said to form the basis of the famous Portland powder for the gout.

Cyc.

White-Clover

WHITE-CLOVER, noun A small species of perennial clover, bearing white flowers. It furnishes excellent food for cattle and horses, as well as for the honey bee.

White-Crop

WHI'TE-CROP, noun White crops, in agriculture, are such as lose their green color or become white in ripening, as wheat, rye, barley and oats.

White-Darnel

WHITE-D`ARNEL, noun A prolific and troublesome weed, growing among corn.

Cyc.

White-Ear

WHI'TE-EAR, or WHI'TE-TAIL, noun A bird, the fallow finch.

White-Face

WHITE-FACE, or WHITE-BLAZE, noun A white mark in the forehead of a horse, descending almost to the nose.

Cyc.

White-Film

WHI'TE-FILM, noun A white film growing over the eyes of sheep and causing blindness.

Cyc.

White-Foot

WHI'TE-FOOT, noun A white mark on the foot of a horse, between the fetlock and the coffin.

Cyc.

White-Honeysuckle

WHITE-HONEYSUCKLE, noun A name sometimes given to the white clover.

Cyc.

White-Horse-Fish

WHITE-HORSE-FISH, noun In ichthyology, the Raia aspera nostras of Willoughby, and the Raia fullonica of Linne. It has a rough spiny back, and on the tail are three rows of strong spines. It grows to the size of the skate.

Cyc.

White-Land

WHITE-LAND, noun A name which the English give to a tough clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry, but blackish after rain.

Cyc.

White-Lead

WHITE-LEAD, noun A carbonate of lead, much used in painting. It is prepared by exposing sheets of lead to the fumes of an acid, usually vinegar, and suspending them in the air until the surface becomes incrusted with a white coat, which is the substance in question.

Dutch Olmsted.

White-Limed

WHI'TE-LIMED, adjective Whitewashed, or plastered with lime.

White-Line

WHITE-LINE, noun Among printers, a void space, broader than usual, left between lines.

Cyc.

White-Livered

WHI'TE-LIVERED, adjective [white and liver.]

1. Having a pale look; feeble; cowardly.

2. Envious; malicious.

White-Manganese

WHITE-MAN'GANESE, noun An ore of manganese; carbonated oxydized manganese.

White-Meat

WHI'TE-MEAT, noun [white and meat.] Meats made of milk, butter, cheese, eggs and the like.

Spenser.

White-Poplar

WHITE-POP'LAR, noun A tree of the poplar kind, sometimes called the abele tree.

White-Poppy

WHITE-POP'PY, noun A species of poppy, sometimes cultivated for the opium which is obtained from its juice by evaporation.

White-Pot

WHI'TE-POT, noun [white and pot.] A kind of food made of milk, cream, eggs, sugar, &c. baked in a pot.

King.

White-Precipitate

WHITE-PRECIP'ITATE, noun Carbonate of mercury.

White-Pyrite

WHITE-PYR'ITE, or WHITE-PYRI'TES, noun [white and pyrite; French sulfure blanc.] An ore of a tin-white color, passing into a brass-yellow and steel-gray, occurring in octahedral crystals, sometimes stalactitical and botryoidal. It contains 46 parts of iron, and 54 of sulphur.

Cyc.

White-Rent

WHI'TE-RENT, noun [white and rent.] In Devon and Cornwall, a rent or duty of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner to the duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil.

Cyc.

White-Salt

WHI'TE-SALT, noun Salt dried and calcined; decrepitated salt.

Whitester

WHI'TESTER, noun A bleacher. [Local.]

Whitestone

WHI'TESTONE, noun In geology, the weiss stein of Werner, and the eurite of some geologists; a species of rocks, composed essentially of feldspar, but containing mica and other minerals.

Cyc.

White-Swelling

WHITE-SWELLING, noun [white and swelling.]

A swelling or chronic enlargement of the joints, circumscribed, without any alteration in the color of the skin, sometimes hard, sometimes yielding to pressure, sometimes indolent, but usually painful.

Cyc.

White-Tail

WHI'TE-TAIL, noun A bird, the wheat-ear, a species of Motacilla.

White-Thorn

WHITE-THORN, noun A species of thorn, called also haw-thorn, of the genus Crataegus.

White-Throat

WHITE-THROAT, noun A small bird that frequents gardens and hedges, the Motacilla sylvia.

Linne. Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

White-Vitriol

WHITE-VIT'RIOL, noun In mineralogy, sulphate of zink, a natural salt.

Cyc.

Whitewash

WHI'TEWASH, noun [white and wash.] A wash or liquid composition for whitening something; a wash for making the skin fair.

2. A composition of lime and water, used for whitening the plaster of walls, &c.

Whitewash

WHI'TEWASH, verb transitive To cover with a white liquid composition, as with lime and water, &c.

2. To make white; to give a fair external appearance.

Whitewashed

WHI'TEWASHED, participle passive Covered or overspread with a white liquid composition.

White-Washer

WHI'TE-WASHER, noun One who white-washes the walls or plastering of apartments.

Whitewashing

WHI'TEWASHING, participle of the present tense Overspreading or washing with a white liquid composition.

White-Water

WHI'TE-WATER, noun A disease of sheep, of the dangerous stomachic kind.

Cyc.

White-Wax

WHI'TE-WAX, noun Bleached wax.

White-Wine

WHI'TE-WINE, noun Any wine of a clear transparent color, bordering on white, as Madeira, Sherry, Lisbon, &c.; opposed to wine of a deep red color, as Port and Burgundy.

Whitewood

WHI'TEWOOD, noun A species of timber tree growing in N. America, the Liriodendron, or tulip tree.

Mease.

The name of certain species of Bignonia.

Lee.

White

WHITE, noun One of the natural colors of bodies, but not strictly a color, for it is said to be a composition of all the colors; destitution of all stain or obscurity on the surface; whiteness. We say, bleached cloth is of a good white; attired in a robe of white.

2. A white spot or thing; the mark at which an arrow is shot.

Dryden.

White of the eye, that part of the ball of the eye surrounding the iris or colored part. It owes its whiteness to the tunica albuginea or adnata, a partial covering of the forepart of the eye, formed by the expansion of the tendons of the muscles which move the eye-hall.

Parr.

White of an egg, the albumen, or pellucid viscous fluid, which surrounds the vitellus or yelk.

Parr.

An analogous part, in the seeds of plants, is called the albumen or white. It is a farinaceous fleshy or horny substance, which makes up the chief bulk of some seeds, as in grasses, corn, palms and lilies, never rising out of the ground nor performing the office of leaves, but destined solely to nourish the germinating embryo, till its roots can perform their office. It is the perispermum of Jussieu.

Goertner. Smith.

Spanish white, a substance used in painting, prepared from chalk, by separating from the latter its silicious impurities.

White

WHITE, verb transitive To make white; to whiten; to whitewash; as whited sepulchers. Mark 9. Matthew 23.

Whited

WHI'TED, participle passive Made white; whitened.

Whitely

WHI'TELY, adverb Coming near to white. [Not used.]

Shak.

Whiten

WHITEN, v. t. hwi'tn. To make white; to bleach; to blanch; as, to whiten cloth.

Whiten

WHI'TEN, verb intransitive To grow white; to turn or become white. The hair whitens with age; the sea whitens with foam; the trees in spring whiten with blossoms.

Whitened

WHI'TENED, participle passive Made white; bleached.

Whitener

WHI'TENER, noun One who bleaches or makes white.

Whiteness

WHI'TENESS, noun The state of being white; white color, or freedom from any darkness or obscurity on the surface.

2. Paleness; want of a sanguineous tinge in the face.

Shak.

3. Purity; cleanness; freedom from stain or blemish.

Dryden.

Whites

WHITES, noun The fluor albus, a disease of females.

Whither

WHITH'ER, adverb [Saxon hwyder.] To what place, interrogatively. Whither goest thou? Whither away so fast?

Shak.

2. To what place, absolutely.

I stray'd, I knew not whither.

Milton.

3. To which place, relatively.

Whither when as they came, they fell at words.

Spenser.

4. To what point or degree.

5. Whithersoever.

Whithersoever

WHITHERSOEV'ER, adverb [whither and soever.]

To whatever place. I will go whithersoever you lead.

Whiting

WHI'TING, noun [from white.] A small sea fish, the Asellus mollis or albus, a species of Gadus.

Cyc.

2. The same as Spanish white, which see.

Whitish

WHI'TISH, adjective [from white.] Somewhat white; white in a moderate degree.

Boyle.

Whitishness

WHI'TISHNESS, noun [supra.] The quality of being somewhat white.

Boyle.

Whitleather

WHIT'LEATHER, or WHIT'LETHER, noun [white and leather.] Lether dressed with alum, remarkable for its toughness.

Chapman.

In common use, the ligaments of animals, when in food.

Whitlow

WHIT'LOW, noun [Saxon hwit, white, and low, a flame. Qu.]

1. In surgery, paronychia, a swelling or inflammation about the nails or ends of the fingers, or affecting one or more of the phalanges of the fingers, generally terminating in an abscess. There are four or five varieties of this swelling. 1. The cutaneous paronychia, which raises the cuticle, forming a kind of vesicle filled with a limpid serum, or bloody fluid. 2. The subcutaneous paronychia, a tumor attended with acute pain. It is seated in the cellular membrane under the skin. 3. The subungual paronychia, which occurs under the nail. It commences with inflammatory symptoms, but is less painful than the former. 4. There is also the paronychia of the periosteum, and the paronychia of the tendons or theca.

Cyc.

2. In sheep, the whitlow is a disease of the feet, of an inflammatory kind. It occurs round the hoof, where an acrid matter is collected, which ought to be discharged.

Cyc.

Whitlow-Grass

WHIT'LOW-GRASS, noun Mountain knotgrass, a species of Illecebrium, (I. paronychia.)

Cyc.

2. A name given to certain species of Draba.

Cyc.

The rue-leaved whitlow-grass is a species of Saxifraga.

Lee.

Whitsour

WHIT'SOUR, noun A sort of apple.

Whitster

WHIT'STER, noun A whitener; a bleacher. Obs.

Shak.

Whitsul

WHIT'SUL, noun A provincial name of milk, sour milk, cheese curds and butter.

Carew.

Whitsuntide

WHIT'SUNTIDE, noun [white, Sunday, and tide.]

The feast or season of Pentecost; so called it is said, because, in the primitive church, those who had been newly baptized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost in white garments.

Johnson. Cyc.

Whitten-Tree

WHIT'TEN-TREE, noun A sort of tree.

Ainsworth.

Whittle

WHIT'TLE, noun [Saxon hwitel, hwitle.] A small pocket knife. [In this sense, I believe the word is not used in America.]

2. A white dress for a woman; a double blanket worn by west country women in England, over the shoulders, like a cloke. [Not used in the U. States.]

Dict.

Whittle

WHIT'TLE, verb transitive To pare or cut off the surface of a thing with a small knife. Some persons have a habit of whittling, and are rarely seen without a penknife in their hands for that purpose. [This is, I believe, the only use of this word in New England.]

2. To edge; to sharpen. [Not in use.]

Hakewill.

Whity-Brown

WHI'TY-BROWN, adjective Of a color between white and brown. [Local in England.]

Pegge.

Whiz

WHIZ, verb transitive [It seems to be allied to hiss.] To make a humming or hissing sound, like an arrow or ball flying through the air.

It flew, and whizzing cut the liquid way.

Dryden.

Whiz

WHIZ, noun A hissing sound.

Whizzing

WHIZ'ZING, participle of the present tense Making a humming or hissing sound.

Who

WHO, pron. relative. pron. hoo. [Saxon hwa; Dutch wie; Latin qui; French que; Italian chi; Spanish quien; Irish cia; Russian koi; Pers. ki. Who is undoubtedly a contracted word in English as in Latin. See What and Wight.]

1. Who is a pronoun relative, always referring to persons. It forms whose in the genitive or possessive case, answering to the Latin cujus, and whom in the objective or accusative case. Who, whose and whom, are in both numbers. Thus we say, the man or woman who was with us; the men or women who were with us; the men or women whom we saw.

2. Which of many. Are you satisfied who did the mischief?

3. It is much used in asking questions; as, who am I? Who art thou? Who is this? Who are these? In this case, the purpose is to obtain the name or designation of the person or character.

4. It has sometimes a disjunctive sense.

There thou tell'st of kings, and who aspire;

Who fall, who rise, who triumph, who do moan.

Daniel.

5. Whose is of all genders. Whose book is this?

The question whose solution I requireÃ‚--

Dryden.

As who should say, elliptically for as one who should say.

Collier.

Whoever

WHOEV'ER, pron. [who and ever.] Any one without exception; any person whatever. The person who trespasses shall be punished, whoever he may be.

Whole

WHOLE, a. hole. [In Saxon walg, onwalg, is whole, sound, entire. In Dutch heel, geheel, has a like sense, from the root of heal; German heil; Swedish hel; Danish heel; Welsh oll or holl; Greek; Irish uile. This seems to be connected with heal, hale. Of this, the derivative wholesome, is evidence. See Class Gl. No. 19, 31, 35.]

1. All; total; containing the total amount or number, or the entire thing; as the whole earth; the whole world; the whole solar system; the whole army; the whole nation.

2. Complete; entire; not defective or imperfect; as a whole orange; the egg is whole; the vessel is whole.

3. Unimpaired; unbroken; uninjured.

My life is yet whole in me. 2 Samuel 1.

4. Sound; not hurt or sick.

They that are whole need not a physician. Matthew 9.

5. Restored to health and soundness; sound; well.

Thy faith hath made thee whole. Mark 5.

His hand was restored whole. Mark 3.

Whole

WHOLE, noun The entire thing; the entire or total assemblage of parts. The whole of religion is contained in the short precept, ``Love God with all your heart, and your neighbor as yourself.'

Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. Ecclesiastes 12.

2. A system; a regular combination of parts.

Pope.

Wholesale

WHO'LESALE, noun [whole and sale.] Sale of goods by the piece or large quantity; as distinguished from retail. Some traders sell either by wholesale or retail.

2. The whole mass.

Some from vanity or envy, despise a valuable book, and throw contempt upon it by wholesale.

Watts.

Wholesale

WHO'LESALE, adjective [supra.] Buying and selling by the piece or quantity; as a wholesale merchant or dealer.

2. Pertaining to the trade by the piece or quantity; as the wholesale price.

Wholesome

WHO'LESOME, adjective [whole and some; German heilsam.]

1. Tending to promote health; favoring health; salubrious; as wholesome air or diet; a wholesome climate.

2. Sound; contributing to the health of the mind; favorable to morals, religion or prosperity; as wholesome advice; wholesome doctrines; wholesome truths.

3. Useful; salutary; conducive to public happiness, virtue or peace; as a wholesome law.

4. That utters sound words.

A wholesome tongue is a tree of life. Proverbs 15.

5. Kindly; pleasing; as a wholesome answer.

Shak.

Wholesome ship, a ship that will try, hull and ride well.

Dict.

Wholesomely

WHO'LESOMELY, adverb In a wholesome or salutary manner; salubriously.

Wholesomeness

WHO'LESOMENESS, noun The quality of contributing to health; salubrity; as the wholesomeness of air or diet.

2. Salutariness; conduciveness to the health of the mind or of the body politic; as the wholesomeness of doctrines or laws.

Wholly

WHOLLY, adverb Entirely; completely; perfectly.

Nor wholly overcome, nor wholly yield.

Dryden.

2. Totally; in all the parts or kinds.

They employed themselves wholly in domestic life.

Addison.

Whom

WHOM, pron. hoom. The objective of who, coinciding with the Latin quem and quam.

Whom have I in heaven but thee? Psalm 73.

Whomsoever

WHOMSOEV'ER, pron. [whom and soever.] Any person without exception.

With whomsoever thou findest thy goods, let him not live. Genesis 31.

Whoobub

WHOOBUB, for hubbub. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Whoop

WHOOP, n. hoop. [This is the same as hoop, but aspirated; Gothic wopyan, to whoop, to call: Saxon hweopan, to weep, and to whip. The sense is to drive out the voice.]

1. A shout of pursuit

Addison.

2. A shout of war; a particular cry of troops when they rush to the attack. The Indians of America are remarkable for their war whoop.

3. The bird called hoopoe or upupa.

Whoop

WHOOP, verb intransitive To shout with a particular voice.

Shak.

Whoop

WHOOP, verb transitive To insult with shouts.

Dryden.

Whoot

WHOOT, v. i. hoot. [See Hoot.]

Whop

WHOP, noun [the vulgar pronunciation of whap, or awhap.]

A sudden fall, or the suddenness of striking in a fall.

Whore

WHORE, n. hore. [Welsh huran, from huriaw, to hire; hur, that which is fixed or set, hire, wages; Saxon hor-cwen, hore-woman; Swedish hora, hor-kÃƒ-¥na; Danish hore, horekone; German hure; Dutch hoer. The correct orthography is hore.]

A harlot; a courtesan; a concubine; a prostitute.

Whore

WHORE, verb intransitive [supra.] To have unlawful sexual commerce; to practice lewdness.

Whore

WHORE, verb transitive To corrupt by lewd intercourse. [Little used.]

Congreve.

Whoredom

WHOREDOM, n. ho'redom. Lewdness; fornication; practice of unlawful commerce with the other sex. It is applied to either sex, and to any kind of illicit commerce.

2. In Scripture, idolatry; the desertion of the worship of the true God, for the worship of idols.

Prophets.

Whoremaster

WHO'REM`ASTER, noun [supra.] One who practices lewdness.

Whoremonger

WHO'REMONGER, noun The same as whoremaster.

Whoreson

WHO'RESON, noun A bastard; a word used generally in contempt.

Shak.

Whorish

WHO'RISH, adjective Lewd; unchaste; addicted to unlawful sexual pleasures; incontinent.

Whorishly

WHO'RISHLY, adverb In a lewd manner.

Whorishness

WHO'RISHNESS, noun The practice of lewdness; the character of a lewd woman.

Hale.

Whorl

WHORL, or WHORLE. [See Whirl.]

Whort

WHORT, noun The fruit of the whortleberry; or the shrub.

Whortleberry

WHORTLEBERRY, noun [Saxon heort-berg, hart-berry. The Germans call it heidelbeere, heath-berry.]

A plant or shrub and its fruit, of the genus Vaccinium.

Whose

WHOSE, hooz. The possessive or genitive case of who or which; applied to persons or things. We say, the person whose merits are known; the garment whose color is admired.

Whosesoever

WHOSESOEV'ER, pron. [whose and soever.] Of any person whatever. John 20.

Whoso

WHO'SO, pron. hooso. Any person whatever. Obs.

Whosoever

WHOSOEV'ER, pron. [who, so, and ever.] Any one; any person whatever.

Whosoever will, let him take of the water of life freely. Revelation 22.

Whur

WHUR, verb intransitive To pronounce the letter r with too much force.

Whur

WHUR, noun The sound of a body moving through the air with velocity. [See Whir.]

Whurt

WHURT, noun A whortleberry or bilberry. [See Whort.]

Why

WHY, adverb [Saxon hwi, and for hwi, or for hwig, for why. Hwi, hwig, coincides in elements with which. So pourquoi in French, is the same; pour and Latin quid, quod; for what. The original phrase is for what, for why.]

1. For what cause or reason, interrogatively.

Turn ye, turn ye, for why will ye die? Jeremiah 27.

2. For which reason or cause, relatively.

No ground of enmity,

Why he should mean me ill.

Milton.

3. For what reason or cause; for which; relatively.

Turn the discourse; I have a reason why

I would not have you speak so tenderly.

Dryden.

4. It is used sometimes emphatically, or rather as an expletive.

If her chill heart I cannot move,

Why, I'll enjoy the very love.

Cowley.

Wi

WI, from the Gothic weiha, signifies holy. It is found in some names, as in Wibert, holy-bright, or bright-holy, eminent for sanctity; Danish vier, to consecrate, Swedish viga.

Wic

WIC, or WICK, a termination, denotes jurisdiction, as in bailiwick. Its primary sense is a village or mansion, Latin vicus, Saxon wic or wyc; hence it occurs in Berwick, Harwich, Norwich, &c. It signifies also a bay or a castle.

Gibson.

Wick

WICK, noun [Saxon weoc; Swedish veke, a wick or match; Irish buaic.]

A number of threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twisted into a string, round which wax or tallow is applied by means of melting and running in a mold, and thus forming a candle or torch.

Wicked

WICK'ED, adjective [Swedish vika, to decline, to err, to deviate, also to fold; Saxon wican, to recede, to slide, to fall away; wicelian, to vacillate, to stumble. It seems to be connected in origin with wag, and Saxon wicca, witch. The primary sense is to wind and turn, or to depart, to fall away.]

1. Evil in principle or practice; deviating from the divine law; addicted to vice; sinful; immoral. This is a word of comprehensive signification, extending to every thing that is contrary to the moral law, and both to persons and actions. We say, a wicked man, a wicked deed, wicked ways, wicked lives, a wicked heart, wicked designs, wicked works.

No man was ever wicked without secret discontent.

Rambler.

2. A word of slight blame; as the wicked urchin.

3. Cursed; baneful; pernicious; as wicked words, words pernicious in their effects. Obs.

[This last signification may throw some light on the word witch.]

The wicked, in Scripture, persons who live in sin; transgressors of the divine law; all who are unreconciled to God, unsanctified or impenitent.

Wickedly

WICK'EDLY, adverb In a manner or with motives and designs contrary to the divine law; viciously; corruptly; immorally.

All that do wickedly shall be stubble. Malachi 4.

I have sinned, and I have done wickedly. 2 Samuel 24.

Wickedness

WICK'EDNESS, noun Departure from the rules of the divine law; evil disposition or practices; immorality; crime; sin; sinfulness; corrupt manners. Wickedness generally signifies evil practices.

What wickedness is this that is done among you? Judges 20.

But wickedness expresses also the corrupt dispositions of the heart.

Their inward part is very wickedness. Psalm 5.

In heart ye work wickedness. Psalm 58.

Wicken

WICK'EN, or WICK'EN-TREE, noun The Sorbus aucuparia, mountain ash, or roan-tree.

Lee.

Wicker

WICK'ER, adjective [Danish vien, probably contracted from vigen. The twig, German zweig, Dutch twyg, are probably formed on the simple word wig, from the root of Latin vigeo, to grow. The word signifies a shoot.]

Made of twigs or oziers; as a wicker basket; a wicker chair.

Spenser. Peacham.

Wicket

WICK'ET, noun [French guichet; Welsh gwiced, a little door, from gwig, a narrow place, a corner.]

A small gate.

The wicket, often open'd, knew the key.

Dryden.

Wickliffite

WICK'LIFFITE, noun A follower of Wickliffe, the English reformer.

Wide

WIDE, adjective [Saxon wid, wide; Dutch wyd; German weit; Swedish Danish vid; Sanscrit vidi, breadth; Arabic badda, to separate; allied to void, divide, widow, Irish feadh, &c. See Class Bd. No. 1.]

1. Broad; having a great or considerable distance or extent between the sides; opposed to narrow; as wide cloth; a wide table; a wide highway; a wide bed; a wide hall or entry. In this use, wide is distinguished from long, which refers to the extent or distance between the ends.

2. Broad; having a great extent each way; as a wide plain; the wide ocean.

3. Remote; distant. This position is very wide from the truth.

Hammond.

4. Broad to a certain degree; as three feet wide.

Wide

WIDE, adverb At a distance; far. His fame was spread wide.

2. With great extent; used chiefly in composition; as wide-skirted meads; wide-waving swords; wide-wasting pestilence; wide-spreading evil.

Widely

WI'DELY, adverb With great extent each way. The gospel was widely disseminated by the apostles.

2. Very much; to a great distance; far. We differ widely in opinion.

Widen

WI'DEN, verb transitive To make wide or wider; to extend in breadth; as, to widen a field; to widen a breach.

[NOTE.Ã‚--In America, females say, to widen a stocking.]

Widen

WI'DEN, verb intransitive To grow wide or wider; to enlarge; to extend itself.

And arches widen, and long aisles extend.

Pope.

Widened

WI'DENED, participle passive Made wide or wider; extended in breadth.

Wideness

WI'DENESS, noun Breadth; width; great extent between the sides; as the wideness of a room.

2. Large extent in all directions; as the wideness of the sea or ocean.

Widening

WI'DENING, participle of the present tense Extending the distance between the sides; enlarging in all directions.

Widgeon

WID'GEON, noun A fowl of the duck kind, or genus Anas, having a black bill, the head and upper part of the neck of a bright bay, the back and sides waved with black and white, and the belly white.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Widow

WID'OW, noun [Saxon widew; German wittwe; Dutch weduwe; Danish vidue; Latin vidua; French veuve; Italian vedova; Spanish viuda; Sanscrit widhava; Russian vdova; from the root of wide, void. See Wide.]

A woman who has lost her husband by death. Luke 2.

Widow's chamber, in London, the apparel and furniture of the bed-chamber of the widow of a freeman, to which she is entitled.

Cyc.

Widow

WID'OW, verb transitive To bereave of a husband; but rarely used except in the participle.

Dryden.

2. To endow with a widow's right. [Unusual.]

3. To strip of any thing good.

Shak.

The widow'd isle in mourningÃ‚--

Dryden.

Widow-Bench

WID'OW-BENCH, noun [widow and bench.] In Sussex, that share which a widow is allowed of her husband's estate, besides her jointure.

Cyc.

Widowed

WID'OWED, participle passive Bereaved of a husband by death.

2. Deprived of some good; stripped.

Trees of their shrivel'd fruits

Are widow'd.

Philips.

Widower

WID'OWER, noun A man who has lost his wife by death.

Widowhood

WID'OWHOOD, noun The state of being a widow.

2. Estate settled on a widow. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Widow-Hunter

WID'OW-HUNTER, noun [widow and hunter.] One who seeks or courts widows for a jointure or fortune.

Addison.

Widowing

WID'OWING, participle of the present tense Bereaving of a husband; depriving; stripping.

Widow-Maker

WID'OW-MAKER, noun [widow and maker.] One who makes widows by destroying lives.

Shak.

Widow-Wail

WID'OW-WAIL, noun In botany, a plant of the genus Cneorum.

Lee.

Width

WIDTH, noun [from wide; German weite; Dutch wydte.]

Breadth; wideness; the extent of a thing from side to side; as the width of cloth; the width of a door.

Dryden.

Wield

WIELD, verb transitive [Saxon wealdan, waldan; Gothic ga-waldan, to govern; wald, power, dominion; Danish voelde, power; gevalt, force, authority; Swedish v?lde, power; allied to Latin valeo, well. The primary sense of power and strength is to stretch or strain. This seems to be the Russian vladyu, to rule, and wald or vlad, in names, as Waldemir, Vlademir.]

1. To use with full command or power, as a thing not too heavy for the holder; to manage; as, to wield a sword; to wield the scepter.

Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed.

Milton.

2. To use or employ with the hand.

Nothing but the influence of a civilized power could induce a savage to wield a spade.

S. S. Smith.

3. To handle; in an ironical sense.

Base Hungarian wight, wilt thou the spigot wield?

Shak.

To wield the scepter, to govern with supreme command.

Wielded

WIE'LDED, participle passive Used with command; managed.

Wielding

WIE'LDING, participle of the present tense Using with power; managing.

Wieldless

WIE'LDLESS, adjective Unmanageable.

Spenser.

Wieldy

WIE'LDY, adjective That may be wielded; manageable.

Wiery

WI'ERY, adjective [from wire.] Made of wire; having the properties of wire. It would be better written wiry.

2. [Saxon woer, a pool.] Wet; marshy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wife

WIFE, noun plu. wives. [Saxon wif; Dutch wyf; German weib, a woman.]

1. The lawful consort of a man; a woman who is united to a man in the lawful bonds of wedlock; the correlative of husband.

The husband of one wife. 1 Timothy 3.

Let every one of you in particular, so love his wife even as himself, and let the wife see that she reverence her husband. Ephesians 5.

2. A woman of low employment; as strawberry wives. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wig

WIG, in Saxon, signifies war. It is found in some names.

Wig

WIG, noun [German weck, wig, and weck-butter, roll butter. It would seem that the sense is a roll or twist interwoven.]

1. A covering for the head, consisting of hair interwoven or united by a kind of network; formerly much worn by men.

2. A sort of cake. Obs.

Ainsworth.

Wigeon

WIGEON. [See Widgeon.]

Wight

WIGHT, noun [Saxon wiht, German wicht, a living being, Gothic waiht; Latin victum, from vivo, to live, originally vigo or vico, and probably allied to vigeo. This, in the Celtic form, would be quic or qwig, quick, alive; and hence Latin qui, quoe, quid, quod, contracted from quic, quiced, quoced; Scot. quhat. The letter h, in the Gothic and Scotish, representing the c of the Latin, proves the word to be thus contracted.]

A being; a person. It is obsolete, except in irony or burlesque. [See Aught.]

The wight of all the world who lov'd thee best.

Dryden.

Wight

WIGHT, adjective [Saxon hwoet.] Swift; nimble. Obs.

Spenser.

[This seems to be a dialectical form of quick.]

Wightly

WIGHTLY, adverb Swiftly; nimbly. Obs.

Spenser.

Wigwam

WIG'WAM, noun An Indian cabin or hut, so called in America. It is sometimes written weekwam.

Wild

WILD, adjective [Saxon Dutch German wild; Swedish Danish vild; Welsh gwyllt; connected with Saxon wealh, a traveler, foreigner or pilgrim; German wÃƒ-¤lsch, Celtic, Welsh; wallen, to rove, Swedish villa, f?rvilla, The sense is obvious.]

1. Roving; wandering; inhabiting the forest or open field; hence, not tamed or domesticated; as a wild boar; a wild ox; a wild cat; a wild bee.

2. Growing without culture; as wild parsnep; wild cherry; wild tansy. Wild rice, a palatable and nutritious food, grows spontaneously in the lakes and ponds of the North West territory.

J. Morse.

3. Desert; not inhabited; as a wild forest.

Milton.

4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture; as the wild natives of Africa or America.

5. Turbulent; tempestuous; irregular; as a wild tumult.

The wild winds howl.

Addison.

6. Licentious; ungoverned; as wild passions.

Valor grown wild by prideÃ‚--

Prior.

7. Inconstant; mutable; fickle.

In the ruling passion, there alone

The wild are constant, and the cunning known.

Pope.

8. Inordinate; loose.

A fop well dress'd, extravagant and wild.

Dryden.

9. Uncouth; loose.

Ã‚--What are these,

So wither'd, and so wild in their attire?

Shak.

10. Irregular; disorderly; done without plan or order; as, to make wild work.

Milton.

11. Not well digested; not framed according to the ordinary rules of reason; not being within the limits of probably practicability; imaginary; fanciful; as a wild project or scheme; wild speculations.

12. Exposed to the wind and sea; as a wild roadstead.

Mar. Dict.

13. Made or found in the forest; as wild honey.

Wild is prefixed to the names of many plants, to distinguish them from such of the name as are cultivated in gardens, as wild basil, wild parsnep, wild carrot, wild olive, &.

Wild

WILD, noun A desert; an uninhabited and uncultivated tract or region; a forest or sandy desert; as the wilds of America; the wilds of Africa; the sandy wilds of Arabia.

Then Libya first, of all her moisture drain'd,

Became a barren waste, a wild of sand.

Addison.

Wildfire

WILDFIRE, noun [wild and fire.] A composition of inflammable materials.

Brimstone, pitch, wildfire, burn easily, and are hard to quench.

Bacon.

2. A disease of sheep, attended with inflammation of the skin; a kind of erysipelas.

Cyc.

Wild-Fowl

WILD-FOWL, noun [wild and fowl.] Fowls of the forest, or untamed.

Wild-Goose

WILD-GOOSE, noun [wild and goose.] An aquatic fowl of the genus Anas, the Anas anser, a fowl of passage. These geese fly to the south in autumn, and return to the north in the spring. This species is the stock of the common domestic goose. The wild goose of N. America, also migratory, is a distinct species, the Anas Canadensis.

Wild-goose chase, the pursuit of something as unlikely to be caught as the wild goose.

Shak.

Wild-Honey

WILD-HONEY, noun [wild and honey.] Honey that is found in the forest, in hollow trees or among rocks.

Wild-Land

WILD-LAND, noun [wild and land.] Land not cultivated, or in a state that renders it unfit for cultivation.

2. In America, forest; land not settled and cultivated.

Wild-Service

WILD-SERVICE, noun A plant.

Miller.

The wilder myrtle-leaved service is a tree of the genus Crataegus, (C. torminalis.)

Lee.

Wilder

WIL'DER, verb transitive [Danish vilder, from vild, wild.]

To lose or cause to lose the way or track; to puzzle with mazes or difficulties; to bewilder.

Long lost and wilder'd in the maze of fate.

Pope.

Wildered

WIL'DERED, participle passive Lost in a pathless tract; puzzled.

Wildering

WIL'DERING, participle of the present tense Puzzling.

Wilderness

WIL'DERNESS, noun [from wild.] A desert; a tract of land or region uncultivated and uninhabited by human beings, whether a forest or a wide barren plain. In the United States, it is applied only to a forest. In Scripture, it is applied frequently to the deserts of Arabia. The Israelites wandered in the wilderness forty years.

2. The ocean.

The wat'ry wilderness yields no supply.

Waller.

3. A state of disorder. [Not in use.]

Milton.

4. A wood in a garden, resembling a forest.

Wilding

WILDING, noun A wild sour apple.

Mortimer.

Wildly

WILDLY, adverb Without cultivation.

More.

2. Without tameness.

3. With disorder; with perturbation or distraction; with a fierce or roving look; as, to start wildly from one's seat; to stare wildly.

4. Without attention; heedlessly.

Shak.

5. Capriciously; irrationally; extravagantly.

Who is there so wildly sceptical as to question whether the sun will rise in the east?

Wilkins.

6. Irregularly.

She, wildly wanton, wears by night away

The sign of all our labors done by day.

Dryden.

Wildness

WILDNESS, noun Rudeness; rough uncultivated state; as the wildness of a forest or heath.

Prior.

2. Inordinate disposition to rove; irregularity of manners; as the wildness of youth.

Shak.

3. Savageness; brutality.

Sidney.

4. Savage state; rudeness.

5. Uncultivated state; as the wildness of land.

6. A wandering; irregularity.

Delirium is but a short wildness of the imagination.

Watts.

7. Alienation of mind.

Shak.

8. State of being untamed.

9. The quality of being undisciplined, or not subjected to method or rules.

Is there any danger that this discipline will tame too much the fiery spirit, the enchanting wildness, and magnificent irregularity of the orator's genius?

Wirt.

Wilds

WILDS, noun Among farmers, the part of a plow by which it is drawn. [Local.]

Wile

WILE, noun [Saxon wile; Icelandic wul; Welsh fel, fine, subtil.]

A trick or stratagem practiced for ensnaring or deception; a sly, insidious artifice.

That ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. Ephesians 6.

Wile

WILE, verb transitive To deceive; to beguile. [Little used.]

Spenser.

Wilily

WI'LILY, adverb [from wily.] By stratagem; with insidious art. Joshua 9.

Wiliness

WI'LINESS, noun [from wily.] Cunning; guile.

Wilk

WILK, or WHILK, noun [German welken, to wither, or cause to wither.] A species of shell. [See Welk.]

Will

WILL, noun [Saxon willa; Gothic wilja; Dutch wil or wille; German wille; Swedish vilje; Danish villie; Welsh gwyll; Irish ail; Greek, counsel; Slav. volia. See the Verb.]

1. That faculty of the mind by which we determine either to do or forbear an action; the faculty which is exercised in deciding, among two or more objects, which we shall embrace or pursue. The will is directed or influenced by the judgment. The understanding or reason compares different objects, which operate as motives; the judgment determines which is preferable, and the will decides which to pursue. In other words, we reason with respect to the value or importance of things; we then judge which is to be preferred; and we will to take the most valuable. These are but different operations of the mind, soul, or intellectual part of man. Great disputes have existed respecting the freedom of the will.

Will is often quite a different thing from desire.

A power over a man's subsistence, amounts to a power over his will.

Federalist, Hamilton.

2. Choice; determination. It is my will to prosecute the trespasser.

3. Choice; discretion; pleasure.

Go, then, the guilty at thy will chastise.

Pope.

4. Command; direction.

Our prayers should be according to the will of God.

Law.

5. Disposition; inclination; desire. ``What is your will, Sir?' In this phrase, the word may also signify determination, especially when addressed to a superior.

6. Power; arbitrary disposal.

Deliver me not over to the will of my enemies. Psalm 27.

7. Divine determination; moral purpose or counsel.

Thy will be done.

Lord's Prayer.

8. Testament; the disposition of a man's estate, to take effect after his death. Wills are written, or nuncupative, that is, verbal.

Blackstone.

Good will, favor; kindness.

Shak.

2. Right intention. Philippians 1.

Ill will, enmity; unfriendliness. It expresses less than malice.

To have one's will, to obtain what is desired.

At will. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the possession at his pleasure, and be liable to be ousted at any time by the lessor or proprietor.

Will with a wisp, Jack with a lantern; ignis fatuus; a luminous appearance sometimes seen in the air over moist ground, supposed to proceed from hydrogen gas.

Will

WILL, verb transitive [Saxon willan; Gothic wilyan; Dutch willen; German wollen; Swedish vilja; Danish ville; Latin volo, velle; Greek; French vouloir; Italian volere. The sense is to set, or to set forward, to stretch forward. The sense is well expressed by the Latin propono.]

1. To determine; to decide in the mind that something shall be done or forborne; implying power to carry the purpose into effect. In this manner God wills whatever comes to pass. So in the style of princes; ``we will that execution be done.'

A man that sits still is said to be at liberty, because he can walk if he wills it.

Locke.

2. To command; to direct.

'Tis yours, O queen! to will

The work which duty bids me to fulfill.

Dryden.

3. To be inclined or resolved to have.

There, there, Hortensio, will you any wife?

Shak.

4. To wish; to desire. What will you?

5. To dispose of estate and effects by testament.

6. It is sometimes equivalent to may be. Let the circumstances be what they will; that is, any circumstances, of whatever nature.

7. Will is used as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of the future tense. It has different significations in different persons.

1. I will go, is a present promise to go; and with an emphasis on will, it expresses determination.

2. Thou wilt go, you will go, express foretelling; simply stating an event that is to come.

3. He will go, is also a foretelling. The use of will in the plural, is the same. We will, promises; ye will, they will, foretell.

Willed

WILL'ED, participle passive Determined; resolved; desired.

2. Disposed of by will or testament.

Willer

WILL'ER, noun One who wills.

Willful

WILL'FUL, adjective [will and full.] Governed by the will without yielding to reason; obstinate; stubborn; perverse; inflexible; as a willful man.

2. Stubborn; refractory; as a willful horse.

Willfully

WILL'FULLY, adverb Obstinately; stubbornly.

2. By design; with set purpose.

If we sin willfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins. Hebrews 10.

Willfulness

WILL'FULNESS, noun Obstinacy; stubbornness; perverseness.

Sins of presumption are such as proceed from pride, arrogance, willfulness, and haughtiness of men's heart.

Perkins.

Willing

WILL'ING, participle of the present tense Determining; resolving; desiring.

2. Disposing of by will.

Willing

WILL'ING, adjective [Swedish Danish villig.] Free to do or grant; having the mind inclined; disposed; not averse. Let every man give, who is able and willing.

2. Pleased; desirous.

Felix, willing to show the Jews a pleasure. Acts 24.

3. Ready; prompt.

He stoop'd with weary wings and willing feet.

Milton.

4. Chosen; received of choice or without reluctance; as, to be held in willing chains.

5. Spontaneous.

No spouts of blood run willing from a tree.

Dryden.

6. Consenting.

Milton.

Willing-Hearted

WILL'ING-HE`ARTED, adjective Well disposed; having a free heart. Exodus 35.

Willingly

WILL'INGLY, adverb With free will; without reluctance; cheerfully.

2. By one's own choice.

The condition of that people is not so much to be envied as some would willingly represent it.

Addison.

Willingness

WILL'INGNESS, noun Free choice or consent of the will; freedom from reluctance; readiness of the mind to do or forbear.

Sweet is the love that comes with willingness.

Dryden.

Willow

WIL'LOW, noun [Saxon welig; Dutch wilge; Welsh gwial, twigs; also helig, Latin salix.]

A tree of the genus Salix. There are several species of willow, the white, the black, the purple or red, the sallow, and the broad leaved willow, &c. A species called the weeping willow, has long and slender branches which droop and hang downward, the Salix Babylonica.

Willowed

WIL'LOWED, adjective Abounding with willows.

Collins.

Willow-Gall

WIL'LOW-GALL, noun A protuberance on the leaves of willows.

Cyc.

Willow-Herb

WIL'LOW-HERB, noun The purple loosestrife, a plant of the genus Lythrum; also, the yellow loosestrife, of the genus Lysimachia; also, the French willow, of the genus Epilobium.

Lee. Cyc.

Willowish

WIL'LOWISH, adjective Like the color of the willow.

Walton.

Willow-Tufted

WIL'LOW-TUFTED, adjective Tufted with willows.

Goldsmith.

Willow-Weed

WIL'LOW-WEED, noun A name sometimes given to the smartweed or persicaria.

Cyc.

Willow-Wort

WIL'LOW-WORT, noun A plant.

Miller.

Willowy

WIL'LOWY, adjective Abounding with willows.

Gray.

Wilt

WILT, verb intransitive [German, Dutch welken, to fade; that is, to shrink or withdraw.]

To begin to wither; to lose freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed to great heat in a dry day, or when first separated from its root.

This is a legitimate word, for which there is no substitute in the language. It is not synonymous with wither, as it expresses only the beginning of withering. A wilted plant often revives and becomes fresh; not so a withered plant.

Wilt

WILT, verb transitive To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid; as a green plant.

2. To cause to languish; to depress or destroy the vigor and energy of.

Despots have wilted the human race into sloth and imbecility.

Dwight.

Wilted

WILT'ED, participle passive Having become flaccid and lost its freshness, as a plant.

Wilting

WILT'ING, participle of the present tense Beginning to fade or wither.

Wily

WI'LY, adjective [from wile.] Cunning; sly; using craft or stratagem to accomplish a purpose; subtil; as a wily adversary.

Wimble

WIM'BLE, noun [Welsh guimbill, a gimlet; Ãƒ-§wimiaw, to move round briskly. See Whim.]

An instrument for boring holes, turned by a handle.

Wimble

WIM'BLE, adjective Active; nimble. Obs.

Spenser.

Wimbrel

WIM'BREL, noun A bird of the curlew kind, a species of Scolopax, [S. phoeopus.]

Cyc.

Wimple

WIM'PLE, noun [German wimpel, a pendant; Danish vimpel; Welsh gwempyl, a vail, a wimple; French guimpe, a neck handkerchief.] A hood or vail. Obs. Isaiah 3.

Wimple

WIM'PLE, verb transitive To draw down, as a vail. Obs.

Spenser.

Win

WIN, verb transitive pret. and pp. won. [Saxon winnan, to labor, to toil, to gain by labor, to win; Dutch winnen; German gewinnen; Swedish vinna.]

1. To gain by success in competition or contest; as, to win the prize in a game; to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country. Battles are won by superior strength or skill.

Ã‚--Who thus shall Canaan win.

Milton.

2. To gain by solicitation or courtship.

3. To obtain; to allure to kindness or compliance. Thy virtue won me. Win your enemy by kindness.

4. To gain by persuasion or influence; as, an orator wins his audience by argument. The advocate has won the jury.

And Mammon wins his way, where seraphs might despair.

Byron.

Win

WIN, verb transitive To gain the victory.

Nor is it aught but just

That he, who in debate of truth hath won,

Should win in arms.

Milton.

To win upon, to gain favor or influence; as, to win upon the heart or affections.

Dryden.

2. To gain ground.

The rabble will in time win upon power.

Shak.

To win of, to be conqueror.

Shak.

Wince

WINCE, verb intransitive [French guincher, to twist; guingois, crookedness, Welsh gwing; gwingaw, to wriggle, to wince.]

1. To shrink, as from a blow or from pain; to start back.

I will not stir nor wince.

Shak.

2. To kick or flounce when uneasy, or impatient of a rider; as, a horse winces.

Hudibras.

Wincer

WIN'CER, noun One that winces, shrinks or kicks.

Winch

WINCH, noun [Saxon wince; French guincher, to twist.]

A windlass; or an instrument with which to turn or strain something forcibly; as a winch to strain the cord of a bedstead, or to turn a wheel.

Winch

WINCH, verb intransitive To wince; to shrink; to kick with impatience or uneasiness. [This is a more correct orthography than wince.]

Winching

WINCH'ING, or WIN'CING, participle of the present tense Flinching; shrinking; kicking.

Wincopipe

WIN'COPIPE, noun The vulgar name of a little flower, that, when it opens in the morning, bodes a fair day.

Bacon.

Wind

WIND, noun [Saxon Dutch German wind; Swedish Danish vind; Welsh gwynt; Latin ventus; Italian vento; Spanish viento; French vent. This word accords with Latin venio, ventum, and the Teutonic wendan, went. The primary sense is to move, flow, rush or drive along.]

1. Air in motion with any degree of velocity, indefinitely; a current of air. When the air moves moderately, we call it a light wind, or a breeze; when with more velocity, we call it a fresh breeze, and when with violence, we call it a gale, storm or tempest. The word gale is used by the poets for a moderate breeze, but seamen use it as equivalent to storm.

Winds are denominated from the point of compass from which they blow; as a north wind; an east wind; a south wind; a west wind; a southwest wind, &c.

2. The four winds, the cardinal points of the heavens.

Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain. Ezekiel 37.

This sense of the word seems to have had its origin with the orientals, as it was the practice of the Hebrews to give to each of the four cardinal points the name of wind.

3. Direction of the wind from other points of the compass than the cardinal, or any point of compass; as a compass of eight winds. Obs.

Heylin.

4. Breath; power of respiration.

If my wind were but long enough to say my prayers, I would repent.

Shak.

5. Air in motion from any force or action; as the wind of a cannon ball; the wind of a bellows.

6. Breath modulated by the organs or by an instrument.

Their instruments were various in their kind,

Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind.

Dryden.

7. Air impregnated with scent.

A pack of dog-fish had him in the wind.

Swift.

8. Any thing insignificant or light as wind.

Think not with wind of airy threats to awe.

Milton.

9. Flatulence; air generated in the stomach and bowels; as, to be troubled with wind.

10. The name given to a disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing.

Cyc.

Down the wind, decaying; declining; in a state of decay; as, he went down the wind. [Not used.]

L'Estrange.

To take or have the wind, to gain or have the advantage.

Bacon.

To take wind, or to get wind, to be divulged; to become public. The story got wind, or took wind.

In the wind's eye, in seamen's language, towards the direct point from which the wind blows.

Between wind and water, denoting that part of a ship's side or bottom which is frequently brought above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of the water's surface.

To carry the wind, in the manege, is when a horse tosses his nose as high as his ears.

Constant or perennial wind, a wind that blows constantly from one point of the compass; as the trade wind of the tropics.

Shifting, variable or erratic winds, are such as are changeable, now blowing from one point and now from another, and then ceasing altogether.

Stated or periodical wind, a wind that constantly returns at a certain time, and blows steadily from one point for a certain time. Such are the monsoons in India, and land and sea breezes.

Trade wind, a wind that blows constantly from one point, such as the tropical wind in the Atlantic.

Windage

WIND'AGE, noun [Spanish viento, wind, windage.] The difference between the diameter of a piece and that of a ball or shell.

Cyc.

Windbound

WIND'BOUND, adjective [wind and bound.] Prevented from sailing by a contrary wind.

Mar. Dict.

Wind-Dropsy

WIND'-DROPSY, noun [wind and dropsy.] A swelling of the belly from wind in the intestines; tympanites.

Coxe.

Wind-Egg

WIND'-EGG, noun [wind and egg.] An addle egg.

Winder

WIND'ER, verb transitive To fan; to clean grain with a fan. [Local.]

Winder-Meb

WIND'ER-MEB, noun A bird of the genus Larus, or gull-kind.

Cyc.

Windfall

WIND'FALL, noun [wind and fall.] Fruit blown off the tree by wind.

2. An unexpected legacy.

Wind-Fallen

WIND'-FALLEN, adjective Blown down by the wind.

Drayton.

Wind-Flower

WIND'-FLOWER, noun [wind and flower.] A plant, the anemone.

Wind-Furnace

WIND'-FURNACE, noun [wind and furnace.] A furnace in which the air is supplied by an artificial current, as from a bellows.

Wind-Gage

WIND'-GAGE, noun [wind and gage.] An instrument for ascertaining the velocity and force of wind.

Cyc.

Wind-Gall

WIND'-GALL, noun [wind and gall.] A soft tumor on the fetlock joints of a horse.

Wind-Gun

WIND'-GUN, noun An air gun; a gun discharged by the force of compressed air.

Wind-Hatch

WIND'-HATCH, noun [wind and hatch.] In mining, the opening or place where the ore is taken out of the earth.

Cyc.

Wind-Hover

WIND'-HOVER, noun [wind and hover.] A species of hawk; called also the stannel, but more usually the kestrel.

Cyc.

Windiness

WIND'INESS, noun [from windy.] The state of being windy or tempestuous; as the windiness of the weather or season.

2. Fullness of wind; flatulence.

Harvey.

3. Tendency to generate wind; as the windiness of vegetables.

4. Tumor; puffiness.

The swelling windiness of much knowledge.

Brerewood.

Wind-Instrument

WIND'-INSTRUMENT, noun An instrument of music, played by wind, chiefly by the breath; as a flute, a clarinet, &c.

Cyc.

Windlas

WIND'LAS, or WIND'LASS, noun [wind and lace. Qu.] A machine for raising great weights, consisting of a cylinder or roller of timber, moving on its axis and turned by levers, with a rope or chain attached to the weight.

2. A handle by which any thing is turned. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Windle

WIND'LE, noun A spindle; a kind of reel.

Wind-Mill

WIND'-MILL, noun [wind and mill.] A mill turned by the wind.

Mortimer.

Windpipe

WIND'PIPE, noun [wind and pipe.] The passage for the breath to and from the lungs; the trachea.

Wind-Pump

WIND'-PUMP, noun [wind and pump.] A pump moved by wind, useful in draining lands.

Cyc.

Wind-Rode

WIND'-RODE, noun A term used by seamen to signify a ship when riding with wind and tide opposed to each other, driven to the leeward of her anchor.

Windrow

WIND'ROW, noun [wind and row.] A row or line of hay, raked together for the purpose of being rolled into cocks or heaps. [This is the only use of the word in New England.]

2. The green border of a field, dug up in order to carry the earth on other land to mend it.

Cyc.

3. A row of peats set up for drying; or a row of pieces of turf, sod or sward, cut in paring and burning.

Cyc.

Wind-Sail

WIND'-SAIL, noun [wind and sail.] A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to convey a stream of air into the lower apartments of a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Windseed

WIND'SEED, noun A plant of the genus Arctolis.

Lee.

Wind-Shock

WIND'-SHOCK, noun [wind and shock.] A sort of bruise or shiver in a tree.

Cyc.

Wind-Tight

WIND'-TIGHT, adjective [wind and tight.] So tight as to prevent the passing of wind.

Hall.

Windward

WIND'WARD, noun [wind and ward.] The point from which the wind blows; as, to ply to the windward.

Windward

WIND'WARD, adjective [wind and ward.] Being on the side towards the point from which the wind blows; as the windward shrouds.

Windward

WIND'WARD, adverb Towards the wind.

Windy

WIND'Y, adjective Consisting of wind; as a windy tempest.

Shak.

2. Next the wind; as the windy side.

Shak.

3. Tempestuous; boisterous; as windy weather.

4. Puffy; flatulent; abounding with wind.

Arbuthnot.

5. Empty; airy; as windy joy.

Milton.

Wind

WIND, verb transitive pret. and pp. wound. [Saxon windan; German, Dutch winden; from wind, or the same root.]

1. To blow; to sound by blowing or inflation.

Wind the shrill horn.

Pope.

2. To turn; to move, or cause to turn.

To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus.

Shak.

3. To turn round some fixed object; to bind, or to form into a ball or coil by turning; as, to wind thread on a spool; to wind thread into a ball; to wind a rope into a coil.

4. To introduce by insinuation. The child winds himself into my affections.

They have little arts and dexterities to wind in such things into discourse.

Gov. of the Tongue.

5. To change; to vary.

Were our legislature vested in the prince, he might wind and turn our constitution at his pleasure.

Addison.

6. To entwist; to enfold; to encircle.

Shak.

7. [With i short, as in win.] To nose; to perceive or to follow by the scent; as, hounds wind an animal.

8. To ventilate; to expose to the wind; to winnow.

To wind off, [with i long,] to unwind.

To wind out, to extricate.

Clarendon.

To wind up, to bring to a small compass, as a ball of thread.

Locke.

2. To bring to a conclusion or settlement; as, to wind up one's affairs.

3. To put in a state of renovated or continued motion.

Fate seem'd to wind him up for fourscore years.

Dryden.

To wind up a clock, is to wind the cord by which the weights are suspended, round an axis or pin.

To wind up a watch, is to wind the spring round its axis or pin.

4. To raise by degrees.

Thus they wound up his temper to a pitchÃ‚--

Atterbury.

5. To straiten, as a string; to put in tune.

Wind up the slacken'd strings of thy lute.

Waller.

6. To put in order for regular action.

Shak.

Wind

WIND, verb intransitive To turn; to change.

So swift your judgments turn and wind.

Dryden.

2. To turn around something; as, vines wind around a pole.

3. To have a circular direction; as winding stairs.

4. To crook; to bend. The road winds in various places.

5. To move round; as, a hare pursued turns and winds.

To wind out, to be extricated; to escape.

Long lab'ring underneath, ere they could wind

Out of such prison.

Milton.

Winder

WINDER, noun One who winds.

Winding

WINDING, participle of the present tense Turning; binding about; bending.

2. adjective Bending; twisting from a direct line or an even surface.

Winding

WINDING, noun A turn or turning; a bend; flexure; meander; as the windings of a road or stream.

2. A call by the boatswain's whistle.

Winding-Engine

WINDING-ENGINE, noun An engine employed in mining, to draw up buckets from a deep pit.

Cyc.

Winding-Sheet

WINDING-SHEET, noun [winding and sheet.] A sheet in which a corpse is wrapped.

Bacon.

Winding-Tackle

WINDING-TACKLE, noun [winding and tackle.]

A tackle consisting of one fixed triple block, and one double or triple movable block.

Dict.

Window

WIND'OW, noun [Danish vindue; Spanish ventana, from the same root as venta, sale, vent of goods. The word in Spanish signifies also a nostril, that is, a passage. Ventaja is advantage; ventalla, a valve, and ventalle, a fan; ventear, to blow. Hence we see that vent, Latin vendo, wind, fan, and van, French avant, are all of one family. So is also the Latin fenestra, French fenÃƒ-ªtre, Dutch venster, German fenster, Irish fineog. The vulgar pronunciation is windor, as if from the Welsh gwyntdor, wind-door.]

1. An opening in the wall of a building for the admission of light, and of air when necessary. This opening has a frame on the sides, in which are set movable sashes, containing panes of glass. In the U. States, the sashes are made to rise and fall, for the admission or exclusion of air. In France, windows are shut with frames or sashes that open and shut vertically, like the leaves of a folding door.

2. An aperture or opening.

A window shalt thou make to the ark. Genesis 6.

3. The frame or other thing that covers the aperture.

Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes.

Shak.

4. An aperture; or rather the clouds or water-spouts.

The windows of heaven were opened. Genesis 7.

5. Lattice or casement; or the network of wire used before the invention of glass. Judges 5.

6. Lines crossing each other.

Till he has windows on his bread and butter.

King.

Window

WIND'OW, verb transitive To furnish with windows.

Wotton. Pope.

2. To place at a window. [Unusual.]

Shak.

3. To break into openings. [Unusual.]

Shak.

Window-Blind

WIND'OW-BLIND, noun [window and blind.] A blind to intercept the light of a window. Venetian window-blinds are now much used in the United States.

Window-Frame

WIND'OW-FRAME, noun [window and frame.] The frame of a window which receives and holds the sashes.

Window-Glass

WIND'OW-GLASS, noun [window and glass.] Panes of glass for windows.

Window-Sash

WIND'OW-SASH, noun [window and sash.] The sash or light frame in which panes of glass are set for windows.

Windowy

WIND'OWY, adjective Having little crossings like the sashes of a window.

Donne.

Wine

WINE, noun [Saxon win; German wein; Dutch wyn; Swedish Danish vin; Welsh gwin; Russian vino; Latin vinum; Italian Spanish vino; French vin; Irish fion; Greek; Eolic, F; Ethiopic wine; Hebrew. This oriental word seems to be connected with a fountain, and anah, to thrust, to press, or press out.]

1. The fermented juice of grapes; as the wine of the Madeira grape; the wine of Burgundy or Oporto.

2. The juice of certain fruits, prepared with sugar, spirits, &c.; as currant wine; gooseberry wine.

3. Intoxication.

Noah awoke from his wine. Genesis 9.

4. Drinking.

They that tarry long at the wine. Proverbs 23.

Corn and wine, in Scripture, are put for all kinds of necessaries for subsistence. Ps.

Bread and wine, in the Lord's supper, are symbols of the body and blood of Christ.

Wine-Bibber

WI'NE-BIBBER, noun One who drinks much wine; a great drinker. Proverbs 23.

Wine-Cask

WI'NE-C`ASK, noun [wine and cask.] A cask in which wine is or has been kept.

Wine-Fly

WI'NE-FLY, noun A small fly found in empty wine casks.

Wine-Glass

WI'NE-GLASS, noun [wine and glass.] A small glass in which wine is drank.

Wineless

WI'NELESS, adjective Destitute of wine; as wineless life.

Swift.

Wine-Measure

WI'NE-MEASURE, noun [See Measure.] The measure by which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer measure.

Wine-Merchant

WI'NE-MERCHANT, noun A merchant who deals in wines.

Wine-Press

WI'NE-PRESS, noun [wine and press.] A place where grapes are pressed.

Wing

WING, noun [Saxon gehwing; Swedish Danish vinge. The word signifies the side, end or extremity.]

1. The limb of a fowl by which it flies. In a few species of fowls, the wings do not enable them to fly; as is the case with the dodo, ostrich, great auk, and penguin; but in the two former, the wings assist the fowls in running.

2. The limb of an insect by which it flies.

3. In botany, the side petal of a papilionaceous corol; also, an appendage of seeds, by means of which they are wafted in the air and scattered; also, any membranous or leafy dilatation of a footstalk, or of the angles of a stem, branch or flower stalk, or of a calyx.

Martyn. Cyc.

4. Flight; passage by the wing; as, to be on the wing; to take wing.

5. Means of flying; acceleration. Fear adds wings to flight.

6. Motive or incitement of flight.

Then fiery expedition be my wing.

Shak.

7. The flank or extreme body or part of an army.

Dryden.

8. Any side-piece.

Mortimer.

9. In gardening, a side-shoot.

Cyc.

10. In architecture, a side-building, less than the main edifice.

11. In fortification, the longer sides of horn-works, crown-works, &c.

Cyc.

12. In a fleet, the ships on the extremities, when ranged in a line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.

13. In a ship, the wings are those parts of the hold and orlop deck, which are nearest the sides.

14. In Scripture, protection; generally in the plural. Psalm 63. Exodus 19.

On the wings of the wind, with the utmost velocity. Psalm 18.

Wing

WING, verb transitive To furnish with wings; to enable to fly or to move with celerity.

Who heaves old ocean, and who wings the storms.

Pope.

2. To supply with side bodies; as on either side well winged.

Shak.

3. To transport by flight.

I, an old turtle,

Will wing me to some wither'd bough.

Shak.

Edge the keen sword, and wing th' unerring ball.

Trumbull.

To wing a flight, to exert the power of flying.

Winged

WING'ED, participle passive Furnished with wings; transported by flying.

2. adjective Having wings; as a winged fowl. Genesis 1.

3. Swift; rapid; as with winged haste.

Shak.

4. Wounded; hurt.

5. In botany, furnished with longitudinal membranous appendages, as a winged stalk or stem; or with downy or hairy appendages, as winged seeds.

Cyc.

Winged petiole, having a thin membrane or border on each side, or dilated on the sides.

Martyn.

Winged leaf, a pennate leaf; a species of compound leaf, wherein a simple leaf has several leaflets fastened to each side of it.

Martyn.

6. In heraldry, represented with wings, or having wings of a different color from the body.

7. Fanned with wings; swarming with birds.

Milton.

Winged-Pea

WINGED-PEA, noun A plant.

Miller.

Wing-Footed

WING'-FOOTED, adjective [wing and foot.] Swift; moving with rapidity; fleet.

Drayton.

Wingless

WING'LESS, adjective Having no wings; not able to ascend or fly.

Wing-Shell

WING-SHELL, noun [wing and shell.] The shell that covers the wing of insects.

Wingy

WING'Y, adjective Having wings; rapid; as wingy speed.

Addison.

Wink

WINK, verb intransitive [Saxon wincian; Dutch wenken; German winken; Swedish vinka; Danish vinker; Welsh gwing, a wink; gwingaw, to wriggle, to wink, to wince. Wink and wince are radically one word.]

1. To shut the eyes; to close the eyelids.

They are not blind, but they wink.

Tillotson.

2. To close and open the eyelids.

3. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids.

Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate.

Swift.

4. To close the eyelids and exclude the light.

Or wink as cowards and afraid.

Prior.

5. To be dim; as a winking light.

Dryden.

To wink at, to connive at; to seem not to see; to tolerate; to overlook, as something not perfectly agreeable; as, to wink at faults.

Roscommon.

Wink

WINK, noun The act of closing the eyelids.

I lay awake, and could not sleep a wink.

I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink.

Donne.

2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast.

Swift.

Winker

WINK'ER, noun One who winks.

Pope.

Winking

WINK'ING, participle of the present tense Shutting the eyes; shutting and opening the eyelids; hinting by closing the eye; conniving at; overlooking.

Winkingly

WINK'INGLY, adverb With the eye almost closed.

Peacham.

Winner

WIN'NER, noun [from win.] One who gains by success in competition or contest.

Winning

WIN'NING, participle of the present tense [from win.] Gaining by success in competition or contest.

2. adjective Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as a winning address.

Winning

WIN'NING, noun The sum won or gained by success in competition or contest.

Winnow

WIN'NOW, verb transitive [Latin evanno, from vannus, a fan; Dutch German wannen; from the root of fan and wind. The Saxon has windwian, to wind.]

1. To separate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind. Grain is winnowed by a fan, or by a machine, or by pouring it out of a vessel in a current of air.

2. To fan; to beat as with wings.

Milton.

3. To examine; to sift for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth.

Winnow well this thought.

Dryden.

4. To separate, as the bad from the good.

Shak.

Winnow

WIN'NOW, verb intransitive To separate chaff from corn.

Winnow not with every wind.

Ecclus.

Winnowed

WIN'NOWED, participle passive Separated from the chaff by wind; sifted; examined.

Winnower

WIN'NOWER, noun One who winnows.

Winnowing

WIN'NOWING, participle of the present tense Separating from the chaff by wind; examining.

Winter

WIN'TER, noun [Saxon German, Dutch Swedish Danish; from wind, or its root; Gothic wintrus.]

1. The cold season of the year. Astronomically considered, winter commences in northern latitudes when the sun enters Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of December, and ends at the equinox in March; but in ordinary discourse, the three winter months are December, January, and February. Our Saxon ancestors reckoned the years by winters; as ten winters; thirty winters. In tropical climates, there are two winters annually; but they cannot not be said to be cold. In the temperate and frigid climates, there is one winter only in the year.

2. The part of a printing press which sustains the carriage.

Winter

WIN'TER, verb intransitive To pass the winter. He wintered in Italy. Cattle winter well on good fodder.

Winter

WIN'TER, verb transitive To feed or manage during the winter. To winter young cattle on straw, is not profitable. Delicate plants must be wintered under cover.

Winter-Apple

WINTER-AP'PLE, noun [winter and apple.] An apple that keeps well in winter.

Winter-Barley

WINTER-B`ARLEY, noun [winter and barley.] A kind of barley which is sowed in autumn.

Winter-Beaten

WIN'TER-BEATEN, adjective [winter and beat.] Harassed by the severe weather of winter.

Spenser.

Winter-Berry

WIN'TER-BERRY, noun [winter and berry.] A plant of the genus Prinos.

Lee.

Winter-Bloom

WIN'TER-BLOOM, noun [winter and bloom.] A plant of the genus Azalea.

Lee.

Winter-Cherry

WINTER-CHER'RY, noun [winter and cherry.] A plant of the genus Physalis, and its fruit, which is of the size of a cherry.

Lee. Miller.

Winter-Citron

WINTER-CITRON, noun [winter and citron.] A sort of pear.

Winter-Cress

WIN'TER-CRESS, noun [winter and cress.] A plant of the genus Erysimum.

Winter-Crop

WINTER-CROP', noun [winter and crop.] A crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter.

Cyc.

Winter-Fallow

WINTER-FAL'LOW, noun [winter and fallow.] Ground that is fallowed in winter.

Winter-Garden

WINTER-G`ARDEN, noun [winter and garden.] An ornamental garden for winter.

Winter-Green

WIN'TER-GREEN, noun [winter and green.] A plant of the genus Pyrola, useful as a vulnerary.

Cyc.

Winter-Kill

WIN'TER-KILL, verb transitive [winter and kill.] To kill by means of the weather in winter; as, to winter-kill wheat or clover.

New-England.

Winter-Kill

WIN'TER-KILL, verb intransitive To be killed by the winter. Wheat is liable to winter-kill in moist land.

Winter-Killed

WIN'TER-KILLED, participle passive Killed by the winter, as grain.

Winter-Killing

WIN'TER-KILLING, participle of the present tense Killing by the weather in winter.

Winter-Lodge

WIN'TER-LODGE, or WIN'TER-LODGMENT, noun [winter and lodge.] In botany, the hybernacle of a plant, which protects the embryo or future shoot from injuries during the winter. It is either a bud or a bulb.

Encyc.

Winter-Pear

WIN'TER-PEAR, noun [winter and pear.] Any pear that keeps well in winter.

Winter-Quarters

WINTER-QUARTERS, noun [winter and quarters.]

The quarters of an army during the winter; a winter residence or station.

Winter-Rig

WIN'TER-RIG, verb transitive [winter and rig.] To fallow or till in winter. [Local.]

Winter-Solstice

WINTER-SOL'STICE, noun [winter and solstice.]

The solstice of the winter, which takes place when the sun enters Capricorn, December 21st.

Wintered

WIN'TERED, participle passive Kept through the winter.

Wintering

WIN'TERING, participle of the present tense Passing the winter; keeping in winter.

Winterly

WIN'TERLY, adjective Such as is suitable to winter. [Little used.]

Shak.

Wintery

WIN'TERY, adjective Suitable to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy.

Dryden.

Winy

WI'NY, adjective [from wine.] Having the taste or qualities of wine.

Bacon.

Wipe

WIPE, verb transitive [Saxon wipian.] To rub with something soft for cleaning; to clean by rubbing; as, to wipe the hands or face with a towel. Luke 7.

2. To strike off gently.

Some nat'ral tears they dropp'd, but wip'd them soon.

Milton.

3. To cleanse from evil practices or abuses; to overturn and destroy what is foul and hateful.

I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish. 2 Kings 21.

4. To cheat; to defraud.

Spenser.

To wipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion; as, to wipe away a stain or reproach.

To wipe off, to clear away. Wipe off this foul stain; wipe off the dust.

To wipe out, to efface; to obliterate. Wipe out the blot.

Wipe

WIPE, noun The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning.

2. A blow; a stroke.

3. A gibe; a jeer; a severe sarcasm.

Swift.

4. A bird. [Swedish vipa, the lapwing.]

Ainsworth.

Wiped

WI'PED, participle passive Rubbed for cleaning; cleaned by rubbing; cleared away; effaced.

Wiper

WI'PER, noun One who wipes.

2. The instrument used for wiping.

Wiping

WI'PING, participle of the present tense Rubbing with a cloth or other soft thing for cleaning; clearing away; effacing.

Wire

WIRE, noun [Swedish vir; Ice wijr.] A thread of metal; any metallic substance drawn to an even thread.

Wire

WIRE, verb transitive To bind with wire; to apply wire to, as in bottling liquors.

Wiredraw

WI'REDRAW, verb transitive [wire and draw.] To draw a metal into wire, which is done by drawing it through a hole in a plate of steel.

2. To draw into length.

Arbuthnot.

3. To draw by art of violence.

My sense has been wiredrawn into blasphemy.

Dryden.

4. To draw or spin out to great length and tenuity; as, to wiredraw an argument.

Wiredrawer

WI'REDRAWER, noun One who draws metal into wire.

Locke.

Wiredrawing

WI'REDRAWING, participle of the present tense Drawing a metal into wire.

2. Drawing to a great length or fineness.

Wiredrawn

WI'REDRAWN, participle passive Drawn into wire; drawn out to great length or fineness.

Wire-Grate

WI'RE-GRATE, noun [wire and grate.] A grate or contrivance of fine wire work to keep insects out of vineries, hot houses, &c.

Cyc.

Wire-Heel

WI'RE-HEEL, noun [wire and heel.] A defect and disease in the feet of a horse or other beast.

Cyc.

Wire-Worm

WI'RE-WORM, noun [wire and worm.] A mischievous worm that sometimes injures grain.

Wiry

WI'RY, adjective Made of wire; like wire.

Wis

WIS, verb transitive pret. wist. [German wissen; Dutch weeten; Danish vider; Swedish veta. This is the Saxon witan, to wit.]

To think; to suppose; to imagine. Obs.

Spenser.

Wisdom

WIS'DOM, n. s as z. [Saxon id.; wise and dom; German weisheit, [wisehood;] Dutch wysheid;

Swedish visdom and vishet; Danish visdom or viisdom. See Wise. Wisdom, it seems, is from the Gothic dialect.]

1. The right use or exercise of knowledge; the choice of laudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish them. This is wisdom in act, effect, or practice. If wisdom is to be considered as a faculty of the mind, it is the faculty of discerning or judging what is most just, proper and useful, and if it is to be considered as an acquirement, it is the knowledge and use of what is best, most just, most proper, most conducive to prosperity or happiness. Wisdom in the first sense, or practical wisdom, is nearly synonymous with discretion. It differs somewhat from prudence, in this respect; prudence is the exercise of sound judgment in avoiding evils; wisdom is the exercise of sound judgment either in avoiding evils or attempting good. Prudence then is a species, of which wisdom is the genus.

Wisdom gained by experience, is of inestimable value.

Scott.

It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom; that they will yield every thing to reason, and refuse every thing to force.

Ames.

2. In Scripture, human learning; erudition; knowledge of arts and sciences.

Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians. Acts. vii.

3. Quickness of intellect; readiness of apprehension; dexterity in execution; as the wisdom of Bezaleel and Aholiab. Exodus 31.

4. Natural instinct and sagacity. Job 39.

5. In Scripture theology, wisdom is true religion; godliness; piety; the knowledge and fear of God, and sincere and uniform obedience to his commands. This is the wisdom which is from above. Psalm 90. Job 28.

6. Profitable words or doctrine. Psalm 37.

The wisdom of this world, mere human erudition; or the carnal policy of men, their craft and artifices in promoting their temporal interests; called also fleshly wisdom. 1 Corinthians 2:2. Corinthians 1.

The wisdom of words, artificial or affected eloquence; or learning displayed in teaching. 1 Corinthians 1, 2.

Wise

WISE, a. s as z. [Saxon wis, wise; German weise; Dutch wys; Swedish vis; Danish viis; Saxon wissan, German wissen, to know; Sanscrit vid. This in Dutch, is weeten, to know, which is the Gothic Saxon witan, to wit. So that wise, wit, weet, wot, are all from one root, or dialectical forms of the same word; Irish fois, feas, knowledge; Welsh gwys, gwyz, Sanscrit widja, intelligence. In general, the radical sense of know is to reach or to hold, from extension, stretching. In this case, it may be to show, to disclose, from a like sense; for in Swedish visa, Danish viser, German weisen, Dutch wysen, is to show. In this case, Latin video, visum, which seems to be connected with this word, may coincide in origin with wide. Wistful, attentive, eager, is from reaching forward.]

1. Properly, having knowledge; hence, having the power of discerning and judging correctly, or of discriminating between what is true and what is false; between what is fit and proper, and what is improper; as a wise prince; a wise magistrate. Solomon was deemed the wisest man. But a man may be speculatively and not practically wise. Hence,

2. Discrete and judicious in the use or application of knowledge; choosing laudable ends, and the best means to accomplish them. This is to be practically wise. Genesis 41.

3. Skillful; dextrous.

They are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. Jeremiah 4.

4. Learned; knowing; as the wise and the unwise. Romans 1.

5. Skilled in arts, science, philosophy, or in magic and divination. 2 Samuel 14.

6. Godly; pious. Proverbs 13.

Ã‚--The holy Scriptures, which are able to make thee wise to salvation. 2 Timothy 3.

7. Skilled in hidden arts; a sense somewhat ironical; as the wise woman of Brainford.

Shak.

8. Dictated or guided by wisdom; containing wisdom; judicious; well adapted to produce good effects; applicable to things; as a wise saying; a wise scheme or plan; wise conduct or management; a wise determination.

9. Becoming a wise man; grave; discrete; as wise deportment.

Milton.

Wise

WISE, n. s as z. [Saxon wise; German weise; Dutch wys; Swedish vis; Danish viis; French guise; Italian guisa; Armoric guis.]

Manner; way of being or acting.

This song she sings in most commanding wise.

Sidney.

In fittest wise.

Spenser.

In the foregoing form, this word is obsolete,

The use of it is now very limited. It is common in the following phrases.

1. In any wise.

If he that sanctified the field will in any wise redeem itÃ‚-- Leviticus 27.

Fret not thyself in any wise. Psalm 37.

2. On this wise.

On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel. Numbers 6.

3. In no wise.

He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matthew 10.

It is used in composition, as in likewise, otherwise, lengthwise, &c. By mistake, ways is often used for it; as lengthways, for lengthwise.

Wiseacre

WI'SEACRE, noun more correctly wisesager. [German weissager; weise and sager, a sayer, a predicter or foreteller.]

One who makes pretensions to great wisdom; hence in contempt, a simpleton; a dunce.

Addison.

Wise-Hearted

WISE-HE`ARTED, adjective [wise and heart.]

Wise; knowing; skillful. Exodus 28.

Wiseling

WI'SELING, noun One who pretends to be wise.

Donne.

Wisely

WI'SELY, adverb Prudently; judiciously; discretely; with wisdom. Proverbs 16, 21.

2. Craftily; with art or stratagem.

Let us deal wisely with them. Exodus 1.

Wiseness

WI'SENESS, noun Wisdom. Obs.

Spenser.

Wish

WISH, verb intransitive [Saxon wiscan; Cimbric, oska. In all the other Teutonic and Gothic dialects, the corresponding word is written with n; Dutch wenschen; German wÃƒ-¼nschen; Danish Ãƒ-¶nsker; Swedish ?nska. This is probably the same word.]

1. To have a desire, or strong desire, either for what is or is not supposed to be obtainable.

It usually expresses less than long; but sometimes it denotes to long or wish earnestly. We often wish for what is not obtainable.

This is as good an argument as an antiquary could wish for.

Arbuthnot.

They have more than heart could wish. Psalm 73.

I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper. 3 John 2.

They cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. Acts 27.

2. To be disposed or inclined; as, to wish well to another's affairs.

Addison.

3. It sometimes partakes of hope or fear. I wish the event may prove fortunate, or less calamitous than we apprehend.

Wish

WISH, verb transitive To desire. I wish your prosperity.

Let them be driven backward and put to shame, that wish me evil. Psalm 40.

2. To long for; to desire eagerly or ardently. It has this sense when expressed with emphasis.

3. To recommend by wishing.

I would not wish them to a fairer death.

Shak.

4. To imprecate; as, to wish curses on an enemy.

Shak.

5. To ask; to express desire.

Clarendon.

Wish

WISH, noun Desire; sometimes, eager desire. Job 33.

2. Desire expressed.

Pope.

Blister'd be thy tongue

For such a wish.

Shak.

3. Thing desired. He has his wish.

The difference between wish and desire seems to be, that desire is directed to what is obtainable, and a wish may be directed to what is obtainable or not.

Kames.

Wished

WISH'ED, participle passive Desired; or ardently desired.

Wisher

WISH'ER, noun One who desires; one who expresses a wish.

Shak.

Wishful

WISH'FUL, adjective Having desire, or ardent desire.

2. Showing desire; as wishful eyes.

3. Desirable; exciting wishes. [Bad.]

Chapman.

Wishfully

WISH'FULLY, adverb With desire or ardent desire.

2. With the show of desiring.

Wishing

WISH'ING, participle of the present tense Desiring.

Wisket

WISK'ET, noun A basket.

Ainsworth.

Wisp

WISP, noun [Danish visk, a wisp, a whisk; visker, to whisk, to rub or wipe; German, Dutch wisch.]

A small bundle of straw or other like substance; as a wisp of straw; a wisp of hay; a wisp of herbs.

Shak. Bacon.

Wist

WIST, pret. of wis. Obs.

Wistful

WIST'FUL, adjective [from wist. The sense is stretching or reaching towards.] Full of thoughts; earnest; attentive.

WhyÃ‚--dost thou so wistful seem?

Gay.

Wistfully

WIST'FULLY, adverb Attentively; earnestly.

Hudibras.

Wistit

WIS'TIT, noun The striated monkey; a small species of monkey from S. America, with an annulated tail, the ouistiti of Buffon.

Cuvier. Ed. Encyc.

Wistly

WIST'LY, adverb Earnestly. Obs.

Shak.

Wit

WIT, verb intransitive [Saxon Gothic witan, Dutch weeten, German wissen, to know; Sanscrit vid. See Wise.]

To know. This verb is used only in the infinitive, to wit, namely, that is to say. [Latin videlicet, i. e. videre licet.]

Wit

WIT, noun [Saxon wit or ge-wit; German witz; Danish vid. See the Verb and Wise.]

1. Primarily, the intellect; the understanding or mental powers.

Will puts in practice what the wit deviseth.

Davies.

For wit and power their last endeavors bend

T' outshine each other.

Dryden.

2. The association of ideas in a manner natural, but unusual and striking, so as to produce surprise joined with pleasure. Wit is defined.

What oft was thought, but ne'er so well express'd.

Pope.

Wit consists in assembling and putting together with quickness, ideas in which can be found resemblance and congruity, by which to make up pleasant pictures and agreeable visions in the fancy.

Locke.

Wit consists chiefly in joining things by distant and fanciful relations, which surprise us because they are unexpected.

Kames.

Wit is a propriety of thoughts and words; or in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly adapted to the subject.

Dryden.

3. The faculty of associating ideas in a new and unexpected manner.

4. A man of genius; as, the age of Addison abounded with wits.

A wit herself, Amelia weds a wit.

Young.

5. A man of fancy or wit.

Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe.

L'Estrange.

6. Sense; judgment.

He wants not wit the danger to decline.

Dryden.

7. Faculty of the mind.

Shak.

8. Wits, in the plural, soundness of mind; intellect not disordered; sound mind. No man in his wits would venture on such an expedition. Have you lost your wits? Is he out of his wits?

9. Power of invention; contrivance; ingenuity. He was at his wits' end.

Hooker.

Witch

WITCH, noun [Saxon wicca. See Wicked.] A woman who by compact with the devil, practices sorcery or enchantment.

2. A woman who is given to unlawful arts.

3. [Saxon wic.] A winding sinuous bank. Obs.

Spenser.

Witch

WITCH, verb transitive To bewitch; to fascinate; to enchant.

I'll witch sweet ladies with my words and looks.

Shak.

Witchcraft

WITCH'CR`AFT, noun [witch and craft.] The practices of witches; sorcery; enchantments; intercourse with the devil.

Bacon.

2. Power more than natural.

He hath a witchcraft

Over the king in's tongue.

Shak.

Witch-Elm

WITCH'-ELM, noun A kind of elm.

Scott.

Witchery

WITCH'ERY, noun Sorcery; enchantment.

Milton.

2. Fascination.

Witch-Hazel

WITCH'-HAZEL, noun A species of elm, (Ulmus montana.)

Cyc.

2. The hop-hornbeam, (Carpinus ostrya.)

Lee.

The Virginian witch-hazel is the Hamemelis virginica, a shrub which flowers in autumn when its leaves are falling.

Lee. Bigelow.

Wit-Cracker

WIT'-CRACKER, noun [wit and cracker.] One who breaks jests; a joker. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wit-Craft

WIT'-CR`AFT, noun [wit and craft.] Contrivance; invention. Obs.

Camden.

Wite

WITE, verb transitive [Saxon witan; the root of twit.] To reproach; to blame. Obs.

Spenser.

Wite

WITE, noun Blame; reproach. Obs.

Witeless

WI'TELESS, adjective Blameless. Obs.

Spenser.

Wit-Fish

WIT'-FISH, noun [white fish; Dutch witvisch.] An East Indian fish of the size of a whiting; also, another East Indian fish, the Albula Indica of Ray.

Cyc.

With

WITH, prep. [Saxon with, near or against; Gothic ga-withan, to join. The primary sense is to press, or to meet, to unite; hence in composition, it denotes opposition, as in withstand and withdraw; hence against, Saxon wither, German wider.]

1. By, noting cause, instrument or means. We are distressed with pain; we are elevated with joy. With study men become learned and respectable. Fire is extinguished with water.

2. On the side of, noting friendship or favor.

Fear not, for I am with thee. Genesis 26.

3. In opposition to; in competition or contest; as, to struggle with adversity. The champions fought with each other an hour. He will lie with any man living.

4. Noting comparison. The fact you mention compares well with another I have witnessed.

5. In company. The gentlemen traveled with me from Boston to Philadelphia.

6. In the society of. There is no living with such neighbors.

7. In connection, or in appendage. He gave me the Bible, and with it the warmest expressions of affection.

8. In mutual dealing or intercourse.

I will buy with you, sell with youÃ‚--

Shak.

9. Noting confidence. I will trust you with the secret.

10. In partnership. He shares the profits with the other partners. I will share with you the pleasures and the pains.

11. Noting connection.

Nor twist our fortunes with your sinking fate.

Dryden.

12. Immediately after.

With this he pointed to his face.

Dryden.

13. Among. I left the assembly with the last.

Tragedy was originally with the ancients a piece of religious worship.

Rymer.

14. Upon.

Such arguments had invincible force with those pagan philosophers.

Addison.

15. In consent, noting parity of state.

See! where on earth the flow'ry glories lie,

With her they flourish'd, and with her they die.

Pope.

With and by are closely allied in many of their uses, and it is not easy to lay down a rule by which their uses may be distinguished. It is observed by Johnson that with seems rather to denote an instrument, and by a cause; as, he killed an enemy with a sword, but he died by an arrow. But this rule is not always observed.

With, in composition, signifies for the most part opposition, privation; or separation, departure.

With

WITH, or WITHE, noun [Saxon withig; Swedish vidja; Latin vitis, vitex; probably a shoot.]

1. A willow twig.

2. A band consisting of a twig, or twigs twisted.

K. Charles.

Withal

WITHAL, adv. withaul'. [with and all.] With the rest; together with; likewise; at the same time.

If you choose that, then I am yours withal.

Shak.

How modest in exception, and withal

How terrible in constant resolution!

Shak.

2. It is sometimes used for with. But the word is not elegant, nor much used.

Withdraw

WITHDRAW', verb transitive [with and draw.] To take back; to take from.

It is impossible that God should withdraw his presence from any thing.

Hooker.

We say, to withdraw capital from a bank or stock in trade, to withdraw aid or assistance.

2. To recall; to cause to retire or leave; to call back or away. France has withdrawn her troops from Spain.

Withdraw

WITHDRAW', verb intransitive To retire; to retreat; to quit a company or place. We withdrew from the company at ten o'clock.

She from her husband soft withdrew.

Milton.

Withdrawing

WITHDRAW'ING, participle of the present tense Taking back; recalling; retiring.

Withdrawing-Room

WITHDRAW'ING-ROOM, noun A room behind another room for retirement; a drawing room.

Mortimer.

Withdrawment

WITHDRAW'MENT, noun The act of withdrawing or taking back; a recalling.

Chaldee Obs.

Their withdrawment from the British and Foreign Bible Society, would tend to paralyze their exertions.

Simeon.

Withdrawn

WITHDRAWN', participle passive of withdraw. Recalled; taken back.

Wither

WITH'ER, verb intransitive [Welsh gwiz, dried, withered; gwizoni, to wither; Saxon gewitherod, withered; Irish fothadh.]

1. To fade; to lose its native freshness; to become sapless; to dry.

It shall wither in all the leaves of her spring. Ezekiel 17.

2. To waste; to pine away; as animal bodies; as a withered hand. Matthew 12.

3. To lose or want animal moisture.

Now warm in love, now with'ring in the grave.

Dryden.

Wither

WITH'ER, verb transitive To cause to fade and become dry; as, the sun withereth the grass. James 1.

2. To cause to shrink, wrinkle and decay, for want of animal moisture.

Age cannot wither her.

Shak.

Wither-Band

WITH'ER-BAND, noun [withers and band.] A piece of iron laid under a saddle near a horse's withers, to strengthen the bow.

Far. Dict.

Withered

WITH'ERED, participle passive Faded; dried; shrunk.

Witheredness

WITH'EREDNESS, noun The state of being withered.

Withering

WITH'ERING, participle of the present tense Fading; becoming dry.

Witherite

WITH'ERITE, noun In mineralogy, a carbonate of baryte, first discovered by Dr. Withering; rhomboidal baryte. It is white, gray, or yellow.

Ure. Cyc.

Withernam

WITH'ERNAM, noun [Saxon wither, against, and naman, to take.]

In withernam, in law, a second or reciprocal distress, in lieu of a first distress which has been eloigned; reprisal.

Blackstone.

Withers

WITH'ERS, noun [This seems to signify a joining, from the root of with.]

The juncture of the shoulder bones of a horse, at the bottom of the neck.

Far. Dict.

Wither-Wrung

WITH'ER-WRUNG, adjective Injured or hurt in the withers, as a horse.

Cyc.

Withheld

WITHHELD', pret. and participle passive of withhold.

Withhold

WITHHOLD, verb transitive pret. and pp. withheld. [with and hold.]

1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep from action.

WithholdÃ‚--your hasty hand.

Spenser.

If our passions may be withheld.

Kettlewell.

2. To retain; to keep back; not to grant; as, to withhold assent to a proposition. The sun does not withhold his light.

Withholden

WITHHOLDEN, participle passive The old participle of withhold; now obsolete. We use withheld.

Withholder

WITHHOLDER, noun One that withholds.

Withholding

WITHHOLDING, participle of the present tense Holding back; restraining; retaining; not granting.

Within

WITHIN', prep. [Saxon withinnan.] In the inner part; as the space within the walls of a house; a man contented and happy within himself.

Tillotson.

2. In the limits or compass of; not beyond; used of place and time. The object is within my sight; within the knowledge of the present generation; within a month or a year.

3. Not reaching to any thing external.

Were every action concluded within itselfÃ‚--

Locke.

4. In the compass of; not longer ago than.

Within these five hours Hastings liv'd

Untainted.

Shak.

5. Not later than; as, within five days from this time, it will be fair weather.

6. In the reach of.

Both he and she are still within my pow'r.

Dryden.

7. Not exceeding. Keep your expenses within your income.

8. In the heart or confidence of. [Inelegant.]

South.

9. In the house; in any inclosure.

Within

WITHIN', adverb In the inner part; inwardly; internally.

The wound festers within.

Carew.

2. In the mind.

Ills from within thy reason must prevent.

Dryden.

Withinside

WITHINSI'DE, adverb [within and side.] In the inner parts. [Bad.]

Sharp.

Without

WITHOUT', prep. [Saxon withutan; with and out.]

1. Not with; as without success.

2. In a state of destitution or absence from.

There is no living with thee nor without thee.

Tatler.

3. In a state of not having, or of destitution. How many live all their life without virtue, and without peace of conscience.

4. Beyond; not within.

Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach.

Burnet.

5. Supposing the negation or omission of.

Without the separation of the two monarchies, the most advantageous terms from the French must end in our destruction.

Addison.

6. Independent of; not by the use of. Men like to live without labor.

Wise men will do it without a law.

Bacon.

7. On the outside of; as without the gate; without doors.

8. With exemption from. That event cannot happen without great damage to our interests.

9. Unless; except.

Without, when it precedes a sentence or member of a sentence, has been called a conjunction. This is a mistake. ``You will not enjoy health, without you use much exercise.' In this sentence, without is a preposition still, but followed by a member of a sentence, instead of a single noun. It has no property of a connective or conjunction, and does not fall within the definition. You will not enjoy health, this fact following being removed, or not taking place; you use exercise. This use of without, is nearly superseded by unless and except, among good writers and speakers; but is common in popular discourse or parlance.

Without

WITHOUT', adverb Not on the inside; not within.

These were from without the growing miseries.

Milton.

2. Out of doors.

3. Externally; not in the mind.

Without were fightings, within were fears. 2 Corinthians 7.

Withouten

WITHOUT'EN, for withoutan, the Saxon word, is obsolete.

Spenser.

Withstand

WITHSTAND', verb transitive [with and stand. See Stand.]

To oppose; to resist, either with physical or moral force; as, to withstand the attack of troops; to withstand eloquence or arguments.

When Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to his face. Galatians 2.

Withstander

WITHSTAND'ER, noun One that opposes; an opponent; a resisting power.

Raleigh.

Withstanding

WITHSTAND'ING, participle of the present tense Opposing; making resistance.

With-Vine

WITH-VINE, or WITH-WINE, noun A local name for the couch-grass.

Cyc.

Withwind

WITH'WIND, noun A plant. [Latin convolvulus.]

Withy

WITH'Y, noun [Saxon withig.] A large species of willow.

Cyc.

Withy

WITH'Y, adjective Made of withs; like a with; flexible and tough.

Witless

WIT'LESS, adjective [wit and less.] Destitute of wit or understanding; inconsiderate; wanting thought; as a witless swain; witless youth.

Philips.

2. Indiscrete; not under the guidance of judgment; as witless bravery.

Shak.

Witlessly

WIT'LESSLY, adverb Without the exercise of judgment.

Witling

WIT'LING, noun [dim. from wit.] A person who has little wit or understanding; a pretender to wit or smartness.

A beau and witling perish'd in the throng.

Pope.

Witness

WIT'NESS, noun [Saxon witnesse, from witan, to know.]

1. Testimony; attestation of a fact or event.

If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. John 5.

2. That which furnishes evidence or proof.

Laban said, this heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Genesis 31.

3. A person who knows or sees any thing; one personally present; as, he was witness; he was an eye-witness. 1 Peter 5.

4. One who sees the execution of an instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirming its authenticity by his testimony.

5. One who gives testimony; as, the witnesses in court agreed in all essential facts.

With a witness, effectually; to a great degree; with great force, so as to leave some mark as a testimony behind. He struck with a witness. [Not elegant.]

Witness

WIT'NESS, verb transitive To see or know by personal presence. I witnessed the ceremonies in New York, with which the ratification of the constitution was celebrated, in 1788.

2. To attest; to give testimony to; to testify to something.

Behold, how many things they witness against thee. Mark 15.

3. To see the execution of an instrument, and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity; as, to witness a bond or a deed.

Witness

WIT'NESS, verb intransitive To bear testimony.

The men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth. 1 Kings 21.

2. To give evidence.

The shew of their countenance doth witness against them. Isaiah 3.

Witnessed

WIT'NESSED, participle passive Seen in person; testified; subscribed by persons present; as a deed witnessed by two persons.

Witnessing

WIT'NESSING, participle of the present tense Seeing in person; bearing testimony; giving evidence.

Wit-Snapper

WIT'-SNAPPER, noun [wit and snap.] One who affects repartee. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wit-Starved

WIT'-ST`ARVED, adjective Barren of wit; destitute of genius.

Examiner.

Witted

WIT'TED, adjective Having wit or understanding; as a quick witted boy.

Witticism

WIT'TICISM, noun [from wit.] A sentence or phrase which is affectedly witty; a low kind of wit.

Ã‚--He is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms; all which are below the dignity of heroic verse.

Addison.

Wittily

WIT'TILY, adverb [from wit.] With wit; with a delicate turn or phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas.

Sidney.

2. Ingeniously; cunningly; artfully.

Who his own harm so wittily contrives.

Dryden.

Wittiness

WIT'TINESS, noun [from witty.] The quality of being witty.

Spenser.

Wittingly

WIT'TINGLY, adverb [See Wit.] Knowingly; with knowledge; by design.

He knowingly and wittingly brought evil into the world.

More.

Wittol

WIT'TOL, noun [Saxon from witan, to know.] A man who knows his wife's infidelity and submits to it; a tame cuckold.

Shak.

Wittolly

WIT'TOLLY, adverb Like a tame cuckold.

Shak.

Witty

WIT'TY, adjective [from wit.] Possessed of wit; full of wit; as a witty poet.

2. Judicious; ingenious; inventive.

3. Sarcastic; full of taunts.

Honeycomb was unmercifully witty upon the women.

Spectator.

Witwall

WIT'WALL, noun A bird, the great spotted woodpecker.

Ainsworth. Cyc.

Wit-Worm

WIT'-WORM, noun [wit and worm.] One that feeds on wit. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Wive

WIVE, verb intransitive [from wife.] To marry. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wive

WIVE, verb transitive To match to a wife.

Shak.

2. To take for a wife. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wivehood

WI'VEHOOD, noun Behavior becoming a wife. [It should be wifehood.] Obs.

Spenser.

Wiveless

WI'VELESS, adjective Not having a wife. [It should be wifeless.]

Wively

WI'VELY, adjective Pertaining to a wife. [It should be wifely.]

Sidney.

Wiver

WI'VER, or WIV'ERIN, noun A kind of heraldric dragon.

Thynne.

Wives

WIVES, plu. of wife.

Wizard

WIZ'ARD, noun [from wise.] A conjurer; an enchanter; a sorcerer. Leviticus 20.

The wily wizard must be caught.

Dryden.

Wizard

WIZ'ARD, adjective Enchanting; charming.

Collins.

2. Haunted by wizards.

Milton.

Wizen

WIZ'EN, verb intransitive [Saxon wisnian, weosnian.] To wither; to dry. [Local.]

Wo

WO, noun [Saxon wa; Latin voe; Greek; Welsh gwae; German weh; Dutch wee; Swedish ve.]

1. Grief; sorrow; misery; a heavy calamity.

One wo is past; and behold, there come two woes more hereafter. Revelation 9.

They weep each other's wo.

Pope.

2. A curse.

Can there be a wo or curse in all the stores of vengeance, equal to the malignity of such a practice?

South.

3. Wo is used in denunciation, and in exclamations of sorrow.

Wo is me; for I am undone. Isaiah 6.

This is properly the Saxon dative, ``wo is to me.'

``Wo worth the day.' This is also the dative; wo be to the day; Saxon wurthan, weorthan or wyrthan, to be, to become.

Wo is a noun, and if used as an adjective, it is improperly used. ``Wo to you that are rich.' ``Wo to that man, by whom the offense cometh;' that is, misery, calamity, be or will be to him.

Woad

WOAD, noun [Saxon wad or waad; German waid, weid; Dutch weede; French guede; Italian guado. Qu. weed.]

A plant of the genus Isatis, cultivated for the use of dyers. The woad blue is a very deep blue, and is the base of many other colors or shades of color. Woad is first bruised in a mill, and then made into balls. It grows wild in France and along the coasts of the Baltic. The term woad is applied to the Reseda, weld or wold, and to the Genista tinctoria or dyer's broom.

Cyc.

Woad-Mill

WOAD-MILL, noun A mill for bruising and preparing woad.

Wobegone

WO'BEGONE, adjective [wo, be, and gone.] Overwhelmed with wo; immersed in grief and sorrow.

So wobegone was he with pains of love.

Fairfax.

Wodanium

WODA'NIUM, noun A metal recently discovered in a species of pyrite, found in Hungary, which had been supposed to be an ore of cobalt. It has a bronze yellow color.

Cyc.

Woesome

WOESOME, a. wo'sum. Woful. [Not in use.]

Langhorne.

Woft

WOFT, for waft. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Woful

WO'FUL, adjective Sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted.

How many woful widows left to bow

To sad disgrace!

Daniel.

2. Sorrowful; mournful; full of distress; as woful day. Jeremiah 17.

3. Bringing calamity, distress or affliction; as a woful event; woful want.

4. Wretched; paltry.

What woful stuff this madrigal would be.

Pope.

Wofully

WO'FULLY, adverb Sorrowfully; mournfully; in a distressing manner.

2. Wretchedly; extremely; as, he will be wofully deceived.

Wofulness

WO'FULNESS, noun Misery; calamity.

Wold

WOLD, in Saxon, is the same as wald and weald, a wood, sometimes perhaps a lawn or plain. Wald signifies also power, dominion, from waldan, to rule. These words occur in names.

Wolf

WOLF, noun WULF. [Saxon wulf; German, Dutch wolf; Swedish ulf; Danish ulv; Russian volk; Latin vulpes, a fox, the same word differently applied. The Greek is.]

1. An animal of the genus Canis, a beast of prey that kills sheep and other small domestic animals; called sometimes the wild dog. The wolf is crafty, greedy and ravenous.

2. A small white worm or maggot, which infests granaries.

Cyc.

3. An eating ulcer.

Brown.

Wolf-Dog

WOLF-DOG, noun A dog of a large breed, kept to guard sheep.

Tickel.

2. A dog supposed to be bred between a dog and a wolf.

Johnson.

Wolf-Fish

WOLF-FISH, noun A fish, the lupus marinus, (the Anarrhichas lupus of Linne;) a fierce voracious fish of the northern seas.

Cyc.

Wolfish

WOLF'ISH, adjective Like a wolf; having the qualities or form of a wolf; as a wolfish visage; wolfish designs.

Shak.

Wolf-Net

WOLF'-NET, noun A kind of net used in fishing, which takes great numbers.

Cyc.

Wolfram

WOL'FRAM, noun In mineralogy, an ore of tungsten. Its color is generally a brownish or grayish black; when cut with a knife, it gives a reddish brown streak. It occurs massive and crystalized, and in concentric lamellar concretions.

Cyc.

Wolfs-Bane

WOLF'S-BANE, noun A poisonous plant of the genus Aconitum; aconite.

2. The winter aconite, or Helleborus hyemalis.

Lee.

Wolfs-Claw

WOLF'S-CLAW, noun A plant of the genus Lycopodium.

Lee.

Wolfs-Milk

WOLF'S-MILK, noun An herb.

Ainsworth.

Wolfs-Peach

WOLF'S-PEACH, noun A plant of the genus Solanum, (S. lycopersicum.)

Lee.

Wolverin

WOL'VERIN, or WOLVERE'NE, noun The glutton, a carnivorous animal of voracious appetite.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

The name wolverene is applied to an animal of N. America, considered by Linne as a peculiar species, (Ursus luscus,) but which has been since regarded as a variety of the glutton, (U. gulo.)

Ed. Encyc.

Wolvish

WOLV'ISH, adjective More properly wolfish, which see.

Woman

WOMAN, noun plu. women. [a compound of womb and man. It is the same word as Latin foemina; the Latins writing f for w. The plural as written, seems to be womb-men. But we pronounce it wimen, and so it ought to be written, for it is from the Saxon wifman, wife-man.]

1. The female of the human race, grown to adult years.

And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from the man, made he a woman. Genesis 2.

Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible.

Shak.

We see every day women perish with infamy, by having been too willing to set their beauty to show.

Rambler.

I have observed among all nations that the women ornament themselves more than the men; that wherever found, they are the same kind, civil, obliging, humane, tender beings, inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest.

Ledyard.

2. A female attendant or servant.

Shak.

Woman

WOMAN, verb transitive To make pliant.

Shak.

Womaned

WOMANED, adjective Accompanied or united with a woman. [Not used.]

Shak.

Woman-Hater

WOMAN-HATER, noun [woman and hater.] One who has an aversion to the female sex.

Swift.

Womanhood

WOMANHOOD, noun [woman and hood.] The state, character or collective qualities of a woman.

Spenser.

Womanise

WOMANISE, verb transitive To make effeminate. [Not used.]

Womanish

WOMANISH, adjective Suitable to a woman; having the qualities of a woman; feminine; as womanish habits; womanish tears; a womanish voice.

Dryden. Shak.

Womankind

WOMANKIND, noun [woman and kind.] The female sex; the race of females of the human kind.

Addison.

Womanly

WOMANLY, adjective Becoming a woman; feminine; as womanly behavior.

Arbuthnot.

A blushing womanly discovering grace.

Donne.

Womanly

WOMANLY, adverb In the manner of a woman.

Womb

WOMB, n. woom. [Saxon wamb; Gothic wamba; Swedish v?mb; Danish vom; Scot. wame; German wampe, belly, a dewlap; Dutch wam.]

1. The uterus or matrix of a female; that part where the young of an animal is conceived and nourished till its birth.

Cyc.

2. The place where any thing is produced.

The womb of earth the genial seed receives.

Dryden.

3. Any large or deep cavity.

Addison.

Womb of the morning, in Scripture, the clouds, which distill dew; supposed to be emblematic of the church bringing forth multitudes to Christ. Psalm 110.

Womb

WOMB, verb transitive To inclose; to breed in secret. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wombat

WOM'BAT, noun An animal of New Holland, of the opossum family.

Cyc.

Womby

WOMBY, a. woom'y. Capacious. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Women

WOMEN, n. plu. of woman. pron. wim'en. But it is supposed the word we pronounce is from Saxon wifman, and therefore should be written wimen.

Won

WON, pret. and participle passive of win; as victories won.

Won

WON, or WONE, verb intransitive [Saxon wunian; German wohnen; Dutch woonen, to dwell, to continue; Irish fanaim.]

To dwell; to abide. Obs. Its participle is retained in wont, that is, woned.

Milton.

Won

WON, noun A dwelling. Obs.

Spenser.

Wonder

WONDER, noun [Saxon German wunder; Dutch wonder; Swedish Danish under; qu. Greek, to show; and hence a sight; or from the root of the Spanish espanto, a panic.]

1. That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation to the sight or mind, of something new, unusual, strange, great, extraordinary, or not well understood; something that arrests the attention by its novelty, grandeur or inexplicableness. Wonder expresses less than astonishment, and much less than amazement. It differs from admiration, in not being necessarily accompanied with love, esteem or approbation, nor directed to persons. But wonder sometimes is nearly allied to astonishment, and the exact extent of the meaning of such words can hardly be graduated.

They were filled with wonder and amazement. Acts 3.

Wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance.

Johnson.

2. Cause of wonder; that which excites surprise; a strange thing; a prodigy.

To try things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders.

Bacon.

I am as a wonder to many. Psalm 71.

3. Any thing mentioned with surprise.

Babylon, the wonder of all tongues.

Milton.

Wonders of the world. The seven wonders of the world were the Egyptian pyramids, the mausoleum erected by Artemisia, the temple of Diana at Ephesus, the walls and hanging gardens of Babylon, the colossus at Rhodes, the statue of Jupiter Olympius, and the Pharos or watch-tower of Alexandria.

4. A miracle. Exodus 3.

Wonder

WONDER, verb intransitive [Saxon wundrian.] To be affected by surprise or admiration.

I could not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these diminutive mortals.

Swift.

We cease to wonder at what we understand.

Johnson.

Wonderer

WONDERER, noun One who wonders.

Wonderful

WONDERFUL, adjective Adapted to excite wonder or admiration; exciting surprise; strange; astonishing. Job 42.

Wonderfully

WONDERFULLY, adverb In a manner to excite wonder or surprise.

I will praise thee, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Psalm 139.

Wonderfulness

WONDERFULNESS, noun The state or quality of being wonderful.

Sidney.

Wondering

WONDERING, participle of the present tense Indulging or feeling wonder. Genesis 24. Luke 24.

Wonderment

WONDERMENT, noun Surprise; astonishment; a wonderful appearance. [Vulgar.]

Wonderstruck

WONDERSTRUCK, adjective [wonder and struck.] Struck with wonder, admiration and surprise.

Dryden.

Wonder-Working

WONDER-WORKING, adjective Doing wonders or surprising things.

Wondrous

WONDROUS, adjective Admirable; marvelous; such as may excite surprise and astonishment; strange.

That I may publish with the voice of thanks-giving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. Psalm 26.

Wondrous

WONDROUS, adverb In a wonderful or surprising degree; as a place wondrous deep; you are wondrous fair; wondrous fond of peace. These phrases of Cowley, Dryden and Pope, are admissible only in the ludicrous and burlesque style.

Wondrously

WONDROUSLY, adverb In a strange or wonderful manner or degree.

Chloe complains, and wondrously's aggriev'd.

Glanville.

Wont

WONT, a contraction of woll not, that is, will not.

Wont

WONT, adjective [wont is strictly the participle passive of won, wone; Saxon wunian, to dwell, to remain, to endure, to exist, to consist; German wohnen, Dutch woonen. But the Dutch has wennen, Swedish v?nia, Danish voenner, to accustom; Irish fanaim, to remain. In English, the verb is obsolete; but we retain the participle in use, and form it into a verb. See the Verb.]

Accustomed; habituated; using or doing customarily.

If the ox were wont to push with his hornÃ‚-- Exodus 21.

They were wont to speak in old time, sayingÃ‚-- 2 Samuel 20. See Matthew 27:15. Luke 22:39.

Wont

WONT, noun Custom; habit; use. Obs.

Sidney. Hooker.

Wont

WONT, verb intransitive To be accustomed or habituated; to be used.

A yearly solemn feast she wont to make.

Spenser.

Wherewith he wont to soar so high. Obs.

Waller.

Wonted

WONTED, participle passive Accustomed; used.

Again his wonted weapon prov'd.

Spenser.

2. Accustomed; made familiar by use.

She was wonted to the place, and would not remove.

L'Estrange.

Wontdness

WONTDNESS, noun The state of being accustomed.

King Charles.

Wontless

WONTLESS, adjective Unaccustomed; unused. Obs.

Spenser.

Woo

WOO, verb transitive [Saxon wogan, whence awogod, wooed.]

1. To court; to solicit in love.

My proud rival wooes

Another partner to his throne and bedÃ‚--

Philips.

Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes

The image he himself has wrought.

Prior.

2. To court solicitously; to invite with importunity.

Thee, chantress, oft the woods among,

I woo to hear thy even song.

Milton.

Woo

WOO, verb intransitive To court; to make love.

Dryden.

Wood

WOOD, adjective [Saxon wod.] Mad; furious. Obs.

Spenser.

Wood

WOOD, noun [Saxon wuda, wudu; Dutch woud; Welsh gwyz.]

1. A large and thiok collection of trees; a forest.

Light thickens, and the crow

Makes wing to the rooky wood.

Shak.

2. The substance of trees; the hard substance which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is covered by the bark.

3. Trees cut or sawed for the fire. Wood is yet the principal fuel in the U. States.

4. An idol. Habakkuk 2.

Wood

WOOD, verb intransitive To supply or get supplies of wood.

Wood-Anemone

WOOD-ANEM'ONE, noun A plant. [See Anemone.]

Wood-Ashes

WOOD'-ASHES, noun [wood and ashes.] The remains of burnt wood or plants. [This word is used in England to distinguish these ashes from the remains of coal. In the U. States, where wood chiefly is burnt, the people usually say simply ashes. But as coal becomes more used, the English distinction will be necessary.]

Wood-Bind

WOOD'-BIND, or WOOD'-BINE, noun A name given to the honeysuckle, a species of Lonicera.

Lee.

Wood-Bound

WOOD'-BOUND, adjective [wood and bound.] Encumbered with tall woody hedgerows.

Wood-Chat

WOOD'-CHAT, noun A species of butcher bird.

Woodchuk

WOOD'CHUK, noun [wood and chuk, a hog.] [See Chuk.]

The popular name in New England of a species of the Marmot tribe of animals, the Arctomys monax. It burrows and is dormant in winter.

Wood-Coal

WOOD'-COAL, noun [wood and coal.] Charcoal.

Wood-Cock

WOOD'-COCK, noun [wood and cock.] A fowl of the genus Scolopax, inhabiting the northern parts of the European continent in summer, but frequenting England in winter. The woodcock of the U. States is a smaller species.

Cyc.

Wood-Cock Shell

WOOD'-COCK SHELL, noun A name given by English naturalists to a peculiar kind of the purpura, called by the French becasse; of two species, the prickly and the smooth.

Cyc.

Wood-Drink

WOOD'-DRINK, noun [wood and drink.] A decoction or infusion of medicinal woods.

Wooded

WOOD'ED, adjective Supplied or covered with wood; as land wooded and watered.

Arbuthnot.

Wooden

WOOD'EN, adjective [from wood.] Made of wood; consisting of wood; as a wooden box; a wooden leg; a wooden horse.

2. Clumsy; awkward.

When a bold man is put out of countenance, he makes a very wooden figure on it.

Collier.

Wood-Engraving

WOOD-ENGRA'VING, noun Xylography; the art of engraving on wood, or of cutting figures of natural objects on wood.

Cyc.

Wood-Fretter

WOOD'-FRETTER, noun [wood and fret.] An insect or worm that eats wood.

Ainsworth.

Wood-Hole

WOOD'-HOLE, noun [wood and hole.] A place where wood is laid up.

Philips.

Wood-House

WOOD-HOUSE, noun [wood and house.] A house or shed in which wood is deposited and sheltered from the weather.

U. States.

Wooding

WOOD'ING, participle of the present tense Getting or supplying with wood.

Washington.

Wood-Land

WOOD'-LAND, noun [wood and land.] Land covered with wood, or land on which trees are suffered to grow, either for fuel or timber.

America.

2. In England, a soil which, from its humidity and color, resembles the soil in woods.

Cyc.

Wood-Lark

WOOD'-L`ARK, noun [wood and lark.] A bird, a species of lark.

Wood-Layer

WOOD'-LAYER, noun [wood and layer.] A young oak or other timber plant, laid down in a hedge among the white thorn or other plants used in hedges.

Cyc.

Woodless

WOOD'LESS, adjective Destitute of wood.

Mitford.

Wood-Lock

WOOD'-LOCK, noun [wood and lock.] In shipbuilding, a piece of elm, close fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising.

Cyc.

Wood-Louse

WOOD'-LOUSE, noun [wood and louse.] An insect, the milleped.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Woodman

WOOD'MAN, noun [wood and man.] A forest officer, appointed to take care of the king's wood.

England.

2. A sportsman; a hunter.

Milton. Pope.

Wood-Meil

WOOD'-MEIL, noun A coarse hairy stuff made of Iceland wool, used to line the ports of ships of war.

Cyc.

Wood-Mite

WOOD'-MITE, noun [wood and mite.] A small insect found in old wood.

Wood-Monger

WOOD'-MONGER, noun [wood and monger.] A wood seller.

Wood-Mote

WOOD'-MOTE, noun [wood and mote.] In England, the ancient name of the forest court; now the court of attachment.

Cyc.

Woodness

WOOD'NESS, noun Anger; madness; rage. Obs.

Fisher.

Wood-Nightshade

WOOD'-NIGHTSHADE, noun A plant.

Wood-Note

WOOD'-NOTE, noun [wood and note.] Wild music.

Ã‚--Or sweetest Shakspeare, fancy's child,

Warble his native wood-notes wild.

Milton.

Wood-Nymph

WOOD'-NYMPH, noun [wood and nymph.] A fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad.

The wood-nymphs deck'd with daisies trim.

Milton.

Wood-Offering

WOOD-OF'FERING, noun Wood burnt on the altar. Nehemiah 10.

Woodpecker

WOOD'PECKER, noun [wood and peck.] A bird of the genus Picus, that pecks holes in trees, or that picks insects from the bark.

Wood-Pigeon

WOOD'-PIGEON, noun [wood and pigeon.] The ring-dove, (Columba palumbus.)

Ed. Encyc.

Wood-Puceron

WOOD-PU'CERON, noun [wood and puceron.] A small insect of the puceron kind, of a grayish color, having two hollow horns on the hinder part of its body. It resembles the puceron of the alder, but it penetrates into the wood.

Cyc.

Woodreve

WOOD'REVE, noun [wood and reve.] In England, the steward or overseer of a wood.

Wood-Roof

WOOD'-ROOF, or WOOD'-RUFF, noun [wood and roof or ruff.] A plant of the genus Asperula.

Cyc.

Wood-Sage

WOOD'-SAGE, noun [wood and sage.] A plant of the genus Teucrium.

Lee.

Wood-Sare

WOOD'-SARE, noun A kind of froth seen on herbs.

Bacon.

Wood-Seere

WOOD-SEERE, noun The time when there is no sap in a tree.

Tusser.

Wood-Shock

WOOD'-SHOCK, noun The fisher or wejack, a quadruped of the weasel kind in North America.

Wood-Soot

WOOD'-SOOT, noun [wood and soot.] Soot from burnt wood, which has been found useful as a manure.

Cyc.

Wood-Sorrel

WOOD'-SORREL, noun [wood and sorrel.] A plant of the genus Oxalis.

Lee.

Wood-Spite

WOOD'-SPITE, noun [wood and spite.] A name given in some parts of England to the green woodpecker.

Wood-Stone

WOOD'-STONE, noun [wood and stone.] A blackish gray silicious stone, a subspecies of horn-stone.

Ure.

Wood-Ward

WOOD'-WARD, noun [wood and ward.] An officer of the forest, whose duty is to guard the woods.

Cyc. England.

Wood-Wash

WOOD'-WASH, noun A name sometimes applied to dyer's broom.

Cyc.

Wood-Waxen

WOOD'-WAXEN, noun A plant of the genus Genista; dyer's broom.

Fam. of Plants. Lee.

Wood-Worm

WOOD'-WORM, noun [wood and worm.] A worm that is bred in wood.

Johnson.

Woody

WOOD'Y, adjective [from wood.] Abounding with wood; as woody land; a woody region.

Ã‚--Secret shades

Of woody Ida's inmost grove.

Milton.

2. Consisting of wood; ligneous; as the woody parts of plants.

3. Pertaining to woods; sylvan; as woody nymphs.

Spenser.

Wooer

WOO'ER, noun [from woo.] One who courts, or solicits in love.

Bacon.

Woof

WOOF, noun [Saxon weft, from wefan, to weave; Swedish v?f; Greek.]

1. The threads that cross the warp in weaving; the weft.

Bacon.

2. Texture; cloth; as a pall of softest woof.

Pope.

Wooing

WOO'ING, participle of the present tense [from woo.] Courting; soliciting in love.

Wooingly

WOO'INGLY, adverb Enticingly; with persuasiveness; so as to invite to stay.

Shak.

Wool

WOOL, noun [Saxon wul; German wolle; Dutch wol; Swedish ull; Danish uld; Russian volna; Basque, ulea. Qu. Greek, soft; down; or Latin vellus, from vello, to pull off.]

1. That soft species of hair which grows on sheep and some other animals, which in fineness sometimes approaches to fur. The word generally signifies the fleecy coat of the sheep, which constitutes a most essential material of clothing in all cold and temperate climates.

2. Short thick hair.

3. In botany, a sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense curling hairs on the surface of certain plants.

Martyn.

Wool-Ball

WOOL'-BALL, noun A ball or mass of wool found in the stomach of sheep.

Cyc.

Wool-Comber

WOOL'-COMBER, noun One whose occupation is to comb wool.

Woold

WOOLD, verb transitive [Dutch woelen, bewoelen; German wÃƒ-¼hlen.]

To wind, particularly to wind a rope round a mast or yard, when made of two or more pieces, at the place where they are fished, for confining and supporting them.

Mar. Dict.

Woolded

WOOLD'ED, participle passive Bound fast with ropes; wound round.

Woolder

WOOLD'ER, noun A stick used in woolding.

Mar. Dict.

Woolding

WOOLD'ING, participle of the present tense Binding fast with ropes; winding round.

Woolding

WOOLD'ING, noun The act of winding, as a rope round a mast.

2. The rope used for binding masts and spars.

Wool-Driver

WOOL'-DRIVER, noun [wool and driver.] One who buys wool and carries it to market.

Woolen

WOOL'EN, adjective Made of wool; consisting of wool; as woolen cloth.

2. Pertaining to wool; as woolen manufactures.

Woolen

WOOL'EN, noun Cloth made of wool.

Pope.

Woolen-Draper

WOOL'EN-DRAPER, noun One who deals in woolen goods.

Woolfel

WOOL'FEL, noun [wool and fel, Latin pellis.] A skin with the wool; a skin from which the wool has not been sheared or pulled.

Davies.

Wooliness

WOOL'INESS, noun [from woolly.] The state of being woolly.

Woolly

WOOL'LY, adjective Consisting of wool; as a woolly covering; a woolly fleece.

Dryden.

2. Resembling wool; as woolly hair.

Shak.

3. Clothed with wool; as woolly breeders.

Shak.

4. In botany, clothed with a pubescence resembling wool.

Martyn.

Woolly-Pastinum

WOOLLY-PASTINUM, noun A name given in the East Indies to a species of red orpiment or arsenic.

Cyc.

Woolpack

WOOL'PACK, noun [wool and pack.] A pack or bag of wool.

2. Any thing bulky without weight.

Cleaveland.

Woolsack

WOOL'SACK, noun [wool and sack.] A sack or bag of wool.

2. The seat of the lord chancellor and of the judges in the house of lords.

Eng.

Wool-Staple

WOOL'-STAPLE, noun [wool and staple.] A city or town where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale.

Wool-Stapler

WOOL-STA'PLER, noun One who deals in wool.

Wool-Trade

WOOL'-TRADE, noun [wool and trade.] The trade in wool.

Woolward

WOOL'WARD, adverb In wool. [Not in use.]

Wool-Winder

WOOL'-WINDER, noun [wool and wind.] A person employed to wind or make up wool into bundles to be packed for sale.

Cyc.

Woop

WOOP, noun A bird. [Latin rubicilla.]

Woos

WOOS, noun A plant; sea weed.

Woots

WOOTS, noun Indian steel, a metallic substance imported from the East Indies; valued as the material of edge-tools. It has in combination a minute portion of alumin and silica.

Webster's Manual.

Word

WORD, noun [Saxon word or wyrd; German wort; Dutch woord; Danish Swedish ord; Sanscrit wartha. This word is probably the participle of a root in Br, and radically the same as Latin verbum; Irish abairim, to speak. A word is that which is uttered or thrown out.]

1. An articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language. Thus a in English is a word; but few words consist of one letter only. Most words consist of two or more letters, as go, do, shall, called monosyllables, or of two or more syllables, as honor, goodness, amiable.

2. The letter or letters, written or printed, which represent a sound or combination of sounds.

3. A short discourse.

Shall I vouchsafe your worship a word or two?

Shak.

4. Talk; discourse.

Why should calamity be full of words?

Shak.

Be thy words severe.

Dryden.

5. Dispute; verbal contention; as, some words grew between us.

6. Language; living speech; oral expression. The message was delivered by word of mouth.

7. Promise. He gave me his word he would pay me.

Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly.

Shak.

8. Signal; order; command.

Give the word through.

Shak.

9. Account; tidings; message. Bring me word what is the issue of the contest.

10. Declaration; purpose expressed.

I know you brave, and take you at your word.

Dryden.

11. Declaration; affirmation.

I desire not the reader should take my word.

Dryden.

12. The Scripture; divine revelation, or any part of it. This is called the word of God.

13. Christ. John 1.

14. A motto; a short sentence; a proverb.

Spenser.

A good word, commendation; favorable account.

And gave the harmless fellow a good word.

Pope.

In word, in declaration only.

Let us not love in word only, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth. 1 John 3.

Word

WORD, verb intransitive To dispute. [Little used.]

L'Estrange.

Word

WORD, verb transitive To express in words. Take care to word ideas with propriety.

The apology for the king is the same, but worded with greater deference to that great prince.

Addison.

Word-Catcher

WORD-CATCHER, noun One who cavils at words.

Pope.

Worded

WORDED, participle passive Expressed in words.

Worder

WORDER, noun A speaker. [Not in use.]

Whitlock.

Wordiness

WORDINESS, noun [from wordy.] The state or quality of abounding with words.

Ash.

Wording

WORDING, participle of the present tense Expressing in words.

Wording

WORDING, noun The act of expressing in words.

2. The manner of expressing in words.

The wording of the ideas is very judicious.

Wordish

WORDISH, adjective Respecting words. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Wordishness

WORDISHNESS, noun Manner of wording. [Not used.]

Wordless

WORDLESS, adjective Not using words; not speaking; silent.

Shak.

Wordy

WORDY, adjective Using many words; verbose; as a wordy speaker; a wordy orator.

Spectator.

2. Containing many words; full of words.

We need not lavish hours in wordy periods.

Philips.

Wore

WORE, pret. of wear. He wore gloves.

Wore

WORE, pret. of ware. They wore ship.

Work

WORK, verb intransitive pret. and pp. worked or wrought. [Saxon weorcan, wircan, wyrcan; Gothic waurkyan; Dutch werken; German wirken; Swedish virka, verka; Danish virker; Greek.]

1. In a general sense, to move, or to move one way and the other; to perform; as in popular language it is said, a mill or machine works well.

2. To labor; to be occupied in performing manual labor, whether severe or moderate. One man works better than another; one man works hard; another works lazily.

3. To be in action or motion; as the working of the heart.

Shak.

4. To act; to carry on operations.

Our better part remains

To work in close design.

Milton.

5. To operate; to carry on business; to be customarily engaged or employed in. Some work in the mines, others in the loom, others at the anvil.

They that work in fine flax. Isaiah 19.

6. To ferment; as, unfermented liquors work violently in hot weather.

7. To operate; to produce effects by action or influence.

All things work together for good to them that love God. Romans 8.

This so wrought upon the child, that afterwards he desired to be taught.

Locke.

8. To obtain by diligence. [Little used.]

Shak.

9. To act or operate on the stomach and bowels; as a cathartic.

10. To labor; to strain; to move heavily; as, a ship works in a tempest.

11. To be tossed or agitated.

Confus'd with working sands and rolling waves.

Addison.

12. To enter by working; as, to work into the earth.

To work on, to act on; to influence.

To work up, to make way.

Body shall up to spirit work.

Milton.

To work to windward, among seamen, to sail or ply against the wind; to beat.

Mar. Dict.

Work

WORK, verb transitive To move; to stir and mix; as, to work mortar.

2. To form by labor; to mold, shape or manufacture; as, to work wood or iron into a form desired, or into an utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth.

3. To bring into any state by action. A foul stream, or new wine or cider, works itself clear.

4. To influence by acting upon; to manage; to lead.

And work your royal father to his ruin.

Philips.

5. To make by action, labor or violence. A stream works a passage or a new channel.

Sidelong he works his way.

Milton.

6. To produce by action, labor or exertion.

We might work any effectÃ‚--only by the unity of nature.

Bacon.

Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill.

Harte.

7. To embroider; as, to work muslin.

8. To direct the movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind; as, to work a ship.

9. To put to labor; to exert.

Work every nerve.

Addison.

10. To cause to ferment, as liquor.

To work out, to effect by labor and exertion.

Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. Philippians 2.

2. To erase; to efface. [Not used.]

3. To solve, as a problem.

To work up, to raise; to excite; as, to work up the passions to rage.

The sun that rolls his chariot o'er their heads,

Works up more fire and color in their cheeks.

Addison.

2. To expend in any work, as materials.

They have worked up all the stock.

To work double tides, in the language of seamen, to perform the labor of three days in two; a phrase taken from the practice of working by the night tide as well as by the day.

To work into, to make way, or to insinuate; as, to work one's self into favor or confidence.

To work a passage, among seamen, to pay for a passage by doing duty on board of the ship.

Work

WORK, noun [Saxon weorc; Dutch German werk; Danish Swedish verk; Greek.]

1. Labor; employment; exertion of strength; particularly in man, manual labor.

2. State of labor; as, to be at work.

3. Awkward performance. What work you make!

4. That which is made or done; as good work, or bad work.

Milton.

5. Embroidery; flowers or figures wrought with the needle.

6. Any fabric or manufacture.

7. The matter on which one is at work. In rising she dropped her work.

8. Action; deed; feat; achievment; as the works of bloody Mars.

Pope.

9. Operation.

As to the composition or dissolution of mixed bodies, which is the chief work of elementsÃ‚--

Digby.

10. Effect; that which proceeds from agency.

Fancy

Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams.

Milton.

11. Management; treatment.

Shak.

12. That which is produced by mental labor; a composition; a book; as the works of Addison.

13. Works, in the plural, walls, trenches and the like, made for fortifications.

14. In theology, moral duties or external performances, as distinct from grace.

To set to work, To set on work, to employ; to engage in any business.

Hooker.

Worked

WORKED, participle passive Moved; labored; performed; managed; fermented.

Worker

WORKER, noun One that works; one that performs.

Work-Fellow

WORK-FELLOW, noun One engaged in the same work with another. Romans 16.

Work-Folk

WORK-FOLK, noun Persons that labor. Obs.

Beaum.

Workhouse

WORKHOUSE, or WORKING-HOUSE, noun A house where any manufacture is carried on.

2. Generally, a house in which idle and vicious persons are confined to labor.

Working

WORKING, participle of the present tense Moving; operating; laboring; fermenting.

Working

WORKING, noun Motion; the act of laboring.

Shak.

2. Fermentation.

Bacon.

3. Movement; operation; as the workings of fancy.

Working-Day

WORKING-DAY, noun [work and day.] Any day of the week. except the sabbath.

Workman

WORKMAN, noun [work and man.] Any man employed in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures.

2. By way of eminence, a skillful artificer or laborer.

Workmanlike

WORKMANLIKE, adjective Skillful; well performed.

Workmanly

WORKMANLY, adjective Skillful; well performed.

Workmanly

WORKMANLY, adverb In a skillful manner; in a manner becoming a workman.

Tusser.

Workmanship

WORKMANSHIP, noun Manufacture; something made, particularly by manual labor. Exodus 31.

2. That which is effected, made or produced. Ephesians 2.

3. The skill of a workman; or the execution or manner of making any thing. The workmanship of this cloth is admirable.

4. The art of working.

Woodward.

Workmaster

WORK'M`ASTER, noun [work and master.] The performer of any work.

Spenser.

Workshop

WORKSHOP, noun [work and shop.] A shop where any manufacture is carried on.

Workwoman

WORK'WOMAN, noun A woman who performs any work; or one skilled in needle work.

Spenser.

World

WORLD, noun [Saxon weorold, woruld; Dutch waereld; Swedish verld. This seems to be a compound word, and probably is named from roundness, the vault; but this is not certain.]

1. The universe; the whole system of created globes or vast bodies of matter.

2. The earth; the terraqueous globe; sometimes called the lower world.

3. The heavens; as when we speak of the heavenly world, or upper world.

4. System of beings, or the orbs which occupy space, and all the beings which inhabit them. Hebrews 11.

GodÃ‚--hath in these last days spoken to us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things; by whom also he made the worlds. Hebrews i.

There may be other worlds, where the inhabitants have never violated their allegiance to their Almighty sovereign.

Welsh B. Sprague.

5. Present state of existence; as while we are in the world.

Behold, these are the ungodly who prosper in the world. Psalm 73.

6. A secular life. By the world we sometimes understand the things of this world, its pleasures and interests. A great part of mankind are more anxious to enjoy the world than to secure divine favor.

7. Public life, or society; as banished from the world.

Shak.

8. Business or trouble of life.

From this world-wearied flesh.

Shak.

9. A great multitude or quantity; as a world of business; a world of charms.

Milton.

10. Mankind; people in general; in an indefinite sense. Let the world see your fortitude.

Whose disposition, all the world well knowsÃ‚--

Shak.

11. Course of life. He begins the world with little property, but with many friends.

12. Universal empire.

This through the east just vengeance hurl'd,

And lost poor Antony the world.

Prior.

13. The customs and manners of men; the practice of life. A knowledge of the world is necessary for a man of business; it is essential to politeness.

14. All the world contains.

Had I a thousand worlds, I would give them all for one year more to devote to God.

Law.

15. The principal nations or countries of the earth. Alexander conquered the world.

16. The Roman empire.

Scripture.

17. A large tract of country; a wide compass of things.

I must descry new worlds.

Cowley.

18. The inhabitants of the earth; the whole human race. John 3.

19. The carnal state or corruption of the earth; as the present evil world; the course of this world. Galatians 1. Ephesians 2.

20. The ungodly part of the world.

I pray not for the world, but for them that thou hast given me. John 17.

21. Time; as in the phrase, world without end.

22. A collection of wonders. [Not in use.]

In the world, in possibility. All the precaution in the world would not save him.

For all the world, exactly. [Little used.]

Sidney.

2. For any consideration.

Worldliness

WORLDLINESS, noun [from world.] A predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyments.

Worldling

WORLDLING, noun A person whose soul is set upon gaining temporal possessions; one devoted to this world and its enjoyments.

If we consider the expectations of futurity, the worlding gives up the argument.

Rogers.

Worldly

WORLDLY, adjective Secular; temporal; pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come; as worldly pleasures; worldly affairs; worldly estate; worldly honor; worldly lusts. Titus ~~.

2. Devoted to this life and its enjoyments; bent on gain; as a worldly man; a worldly mind.

3. Human; common; belonging to the world; as worldly actions; worldly maxims.

Worldly

WORLDLY, adverb With relation to this life.

Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise

By simply meek.

Milton.

Worldly-Minded

WORLDLY-MINDED, adjective Devoted to the acquisition of property and to temporal enjoyments.

Worldly-Mindedness

WORLDLY-MINDEDNESS, noun A predominating love and pursuit of this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety and attention to spiritual concerns.

Worm

WORM, noun [Saxon wyrm; German wurm; Dutch worm; Danish orm; Swedish id. a serpent. This word is probably named from a winding motion, and the root of swarm.]

1. In common usage, any small creeping animal, or reptile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones, including a great variety of animals of different classes and orders, viz. certain small serpents, as the blind-worm or slow-worm; the larvas of insects, viz. grubs, caterpillars and maggots, as the wood-worm, canker-worm, silk-worm, (the larva of a moth (Phaloena,) which spins the filaments of which silk is made,) the grub that injures corn, grass, &c., the worms that breed in putrid flesh, the bots in the stomach of horses, and many others; certain wingless insects, as the glow-worm; the intestinal worms, or such as breed in the cavities and organs of living animals, as the tape-worm, the round-worm, the fluke, &c.; and numerous animals found in the earth, and in water, particularly in the sea, as the earth-worm or lumbricus, the hair-worm or gordius, the teredo, or worm that bores into the bottom of ships, &c. Worms, in the plural, in common usage, is used for intestinal worms, or those which breed in the stomach and bowels, particularly the round and thread worms, (lumbrici and ascarides,) which are often found there in great numbers; as we say, a child has worms.

2. In zoology, the term Vermes or worms has been applied to different divisions of invertebral animals, by different naturalists. Linne's class of Vermes, includes the following orders, viz. Intestina, including the proper intestinal worms, the earth-worm, the hair-worm, the teredo, and some other marine worms; Mollusca, including the slug, and numerous soft animals inhabiting the water, particularly the sea; Testacea, including all the proper shell-fish; Zoophyta, or compound animals, including corals, polypes, and spunges; and Infusoria, or simple microscopic animalcules. His character of the class is, Ã‚--spiracles obscure, jaws various, organs of sense usually tentacula, no brain ears nor nostrils, limbs wanting, frequently hermaphrodite. This class includes all the invertebral animals, except the insects and crustacea. The term Vermes has been since greatly limited, particularly by the French naturalists. Lamarck confined it to the intestinal worms, and some others, whose organization is equally imperfect. The character of his class is, suboviparous, body soft, highly reproductive, undergo no metamorphosis; no eyes, nor articulated limbs, nor radiated disposition of internal organs.

Linne. Cyc.

3. Remorse; that which incessantly gnaws the conscience; that which torments.

Where their worm dieth not. Mark 9.

4. A being debased and despised.

I am a worm, and no man. Psalm 22.

5. A spiral instrument or iron screw, used for drawing wads and cartridges from cannon or small arms.

6. Something spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm; as the threads of a screw.

Moxon.

7. In chimistry and distilleries, a spiral leaden pipe placed in a tub of water, through which the vapor passes in distillation, and in which it is cooled and condensed. It is called also a serpentine.

8. A small worm-like ligament situated beneath a dog's tongue.

Cyc.

Worm

WORM, verb intransitive To work slowly, gradually and secretly.

When debates and fretting jealousy

Did worm and work within you more and more,

Your color faded.

Herbert.

Worm

WORM, verb transitive To expel or undermine by slow and secret means.

They find themselves wormed out of all power.

Swift.

2. To cut something, called a worm, from under the tongue of a dog.

Cyc.

3. To draw the wad or cartridge from a gun; to clean by the worm.

4. To wind a rope spirally round a cable, between the strands; or to wind a smaller rope with spun yarn.

Mar. Dict.

To worm one's self into, to enter gradually by arts and insinuations; as to worm one's self into favor.

Worm-Eaten

WORM-EATEN, adjective [worm and eat.] Gnawed by worms; as worm-eaten boards, planks or timber.

2. Old; worthless.

Raleigh.

Wormed

WORMED, participle passive Cleared by a worm or screw.

Worm-Grass

WORM-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Spigalia.

Worming

WORMING, participle of the present tense Entering by insinuation; drawing, as a cartridge; clearing, as a gun.

Wormlike

WORMLIKE, adjective Resembling a worm; spiral; vermicular.

Worm-Powder

WORM-POWDER, noun A powder used for expelling worms from the stomach and intestines.

Worm-Seed

WORM-SEED, noun A seed which has the property of expelling worms from the stomach, bowels and intestines. It is said to be brought from Persia, and to be the produce of a species of Artemisia.

Cyc.

2. A plant of the genus Chenopodium.

Lee.

Worm-Tincture

WORM-TINCTURE, noun A tincture prepared from earth-worms dried, pulverized and mixed with oil of tartar, spirit of wine, saffron and castor.

Cyc.

Wormwood

WORMWOOD, noun [Saxon wermond; German wermuth.]

A plant, the artemisia. It has a bitter nauseous taste; but it is stomachic and corroborant.

Cyc.

Tree-wormwood, a species of Artemisia, with woody stalks.

Cyc.

Wormwood-Fly

WORMWOOD-FLY, noun A small black fly, found on the stalks of wormwood.

Cyc.

Wormy

WORMY, adjective Containing a worm; abounding with worms.

2. Earthy; groveling.

Worn

WORN, participle passive of wear; as a garment long worn.

Worn out, consumed or rendered useless by wearing.

Wornil

WOR'NIL, noun A maggot that infests the backs of cows.

Derham.

Worral

WOR'RAL, noun An animal of the lizard kind, about four feet long and eight inches broad, with a forked tongue. It feeds on flies, and is harmless. It is found in Egypt.

Pococke. Cyc.

Worried

WORRIED, participle passive [from worry.] Harassed; fatigued.

Worrier

WORRIER, noun [from worry.] One that worries or harasses.

Worry

WORRY, verb transitive [Saxon werig, malign, vexatious; werigan, werian, to disturb, to tease, to harass, to weary; or Danish uroe, trouble, Swedish oro. The sense of tearing does not properly belong to this word. It may have that sense as secondary.]

1. To tease; to trouble; to harass with importunity, or with care and anxiety. Persons are often worried with care and solicitude.

Let them rail

And then worry one another at their pleasure.

Rowe.

Worry him out till he gives his consent.

Swift.

A church worried with reformation.

South.

2. To fatigue; to harass with labor; a popular sense of the word.

3. To harass by pursuit and barking; as, dogs worry sheep.

4. To tear; to mangle with the teeth.

5. To vex; to persecute brutally.

Worrying

WORRYING, participle of the present tense Teasing; troubling; harassing; fatiguing; tearing.

Worse

WORSE, adjective [Saxon woerse, wyrse; Danish verre; Swedish v?rre. This adjective has the signification of the comparative degree, and as bad has no comparative and superlative, worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although radically they have no relation to bad.]

1. More evil; more bad or ill; more depraved and corrupt; in a moral sense.

Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse. 2 Timothy 3.

There are men who seem to believe they are not bad, while another can be found worse.

Rambler.

2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more sick.

She was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark 5.

3. More bad; less perfect or good. This carriage is worse for wear.

The worse, the loss; the disadvantage.

Judah was put to the worse before Israel. 2 Kings 14.

2. Something less good. Think not the worse of him for his enterprise.

Worse

WORSE, adverb In a manner more evil or bad.

We will deal worse with thee than with them. Genesis 19.

Worse

WORSE, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. [See Worst.]

Milton.

Worsen

WORSEN, verb transitive To worse. [Not in use.]

Milton.

Worser

WORSER, is a vulgar word, and not used in good writing or speaking.

Worship

WORSHIP, noun [Saxon weorthscype; worth and ship; the state of worth or worthiness. See Worth.]

1. Excellence of character; dignity; worth; worthiness.

Ã‚--Elfin born of noble state,

And muckle worship in his native land.

Spenser.

In this sense, the word is nearly or quite obsolete; but hence,

2. A title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates and others of respectable character.

My father desires your worship's company.

Shak.

3. A term of ironical respect.

Pope.

4. Chiefly and eminently, the act of paying divine honors to the Supreme Being; or the reverence and homage paid to him in religious exercises, consisting in adoration, confession, prayer, thanksgiving and the like.

The worship of God is an eminent part of religion.

Tillotson.

Prayer is a chief part of religious worship.

Ibm.

5. The homage paid to idols or false gods by pagans; as the worship of Isis.

6. Honor; respect; civil deference.

Then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee. Luke 14.

7. Idolatry of lovers; obsequious or submissive respect.

Shak.

Worship

WORSHIP, verb transitive To adore; to pay divine honors to; to reverence with supreme respect and veneration.

Thou shalt worship no other God. Exodus 34.

Adore and worship God supreme.

Milton.

2. To respect; to honor; to treat with civil reverence.

Nor worship'd with a waxen epitaph.

Shak.

3. To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission; as a lover.

With bended knees I daily worship her.

Carew.

Worship

WORSHIP, verb intransitive To perform acts of adoration.

2. To perform religious service.

Our fathers worshiped in this mountain. John 4.

Worshiped

WORSHIPED, participle passive Adored; treated with divine honors; treated with civil respect.

Worshiper

WORSHIPER, noun One who worships; one who pays divine honors to any being; one who adores.

South.

Worshipful

WORSHIPFUL, adjective Claiming respect; worthy of honor from its character or dignity.

This is worshipful society.

Shak.

2. A term of respect, sometimes ironically.

Worshipfully

WORSHIPFULLY, adverb Respectfully.

Shak.

Worshiping

WORSHIPING, participle of the present tense Adoring; paying divine honors to; treating with supreme reverence; treating with extreme submission.

Worst

WORST, adjective [superl. of worse, which see.]

1. Most bad; most evil; in a moral sense; as the worst man; the worst sinner.

2. Most severe or dangerous; most difficult to heal; as the worst disease.

3. Most afflictive, pernicious or calamitous; as the worst evil that can befall a state or an individual.

Worst

WORST, noun The most evil state; in a moral sense.

2. The most severe or aggravated state; the highth; as, the disease is at the worst.

3. The most calamitous state. Be armed against the worst.

Worst

WORST, verb transitive To get the advantage over in contest; to defeat; to overthrow. It is madness to contend, when we are sure to be worsted.

Worsted

WORSTED, participle passive Defeated; overthrown.

Worsted

WORSTED, noun WUST'ED. [The origin of this word is uncertain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a town in England or in Flanders: but in Norman, worstetz is mentioned; as lit de worstetz, a bed of worsted.]

Yarn spun from combed wool; a particular kind of woolen yarn.

Worsted

WORST'ED, adjective Consisting of worsted; made of worsted yarn; as worsted stockings.

Wort

WORT, noun [Saxon wyrt; German wurz; Swedish ort; Danish urt; French vert, verd; from the root of Latin vireo, to grow; viridis, green.]

1. A plant; an herb; now used chiefly or wholly in compounds; as in mugwort, liverwort, spleenwort.

2. A plant of the cabbage kind.

3. New beer unfermented, or in the act of fermentation; the sweet infusion of malt.

Bacon. Cyc.

Worth

WORTH, a termination, signifies a farm or court; as in Wordsworth.

Worth

WORTH, verb intransitive [Saxon weorthan, to be.] This verb is now used only in the phrases, wo worth the day, wo worth the man, &c., in which the verb is in the imperative mode, and the noun in the dative; wo be to the day.

Worth

WORTH, noun [Saxon weorth, wurth, wyrth; German werth; Dutch waarde; Swedish v?rd; Danish voerd; Welsh gwerth; Latin virtus, from the root of vireo. The primary sense is strength.]

1. Value; that quality of a thing which renders it useful, or which will produce an equivalent good in some other thing. The worth of a day's labor may be estimated in money, or in wheat. The worth of labor is settled between the hirer and the hired. The worth of commodities is usually the price they will bring in market; but price is not always worth.

2. Value of mental qualities; excellence; virtue; usefulness; as a man or magistrate of great worth.

As none but she, who in that court did dwell,

Could know such worth, or worth describe so well.

Waller.

All worth consists in doing good, and in the disposition by which it is done.

Dwight.

3. Importance; valuable qualities; applied to things; as, these things have since lost their worth.

Worth

WORTH, adjective Equal in value to. Silver is scarce worth the labor of digging and refining.

In one country, a day's labor is worth a dollar; in another, the same labor is not worth fifty cents. It is worth while to consider a subject well before we come to a decision.

If your arguments produce no conviction, they are worth nothing to me.

Beattie.

2. Deserving of; in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. The castle is worth defending.

To reign is worth ambition, though in hell.

Milton.

This is life indeed, life worth preserving.

Addison.

3. Equal in possessions to; having estate to the value of. Most men are estimated by their neighbors to be worth more than they are. A man worth a hundred thousand dollars in the United States, is called rich; but not so in London or Paris.

Worthiest of blood, an expression in law, denoting the preference of sons to daughters in the descent of estates.

Worthily

WORTHILY, adverb In a manner suited to; as, to walk worthily of our extraction. [Bad.]

Ray.

2. Deservedly; according to merit.

You worthily succeed not only to the honors of your ancestors, but also to their virtues.

Dryden.

3. Justly; not without cause.

I affirm that some may very worthily deserve to be hated.

South.

Worthiness

WORTHINESS, noun Desert; merit.

The prayers which our Savior made, were for his own worthiness accepted.

Hooker.

2. Excellence; dignity; virtue.

Who is sure he hath a soul, unless

It see and judge and follow worthiness?

Donne.

3. Worth; quality or state of deserving.

Sidney.

Worthless

WORTHLESS, adjective Having no value; as a worthless garment; a worthless ship.

2. Having no value of character or no virtue; as a worthless man or woman.

3. Having no dignity or excellence; as a worthless magistrate.

Worthlessness

WORTHLESSNESS, noun Want of value; want of useful qualities; as the worthlessness of an old garment or of barren land.

2. Want of excellence or dignity; as the worthlessness of a person.

Worthy

WORTHY, adjective [German wurdig; Dutch waardig; Swedish v?rdig.]

1. Deserving; such as merits; having worth or excellence; equivalent; with of, before the thing deserved. She has married a man worthy of her.

Thou art worthy of the sway.

Shak.

I am not worthy of the least of all the merciesÃ‚-- Genesis 32.

2. Possessing worth or excellence of qualities; virtuous; estimable; as a worthy citizen; a worthy magistrate.

Happier thou may'st be, worthier canst not be.

Milton.

This worthy mind should worthy things embrace.

Davies.

3. Suitable; having qualities suited to; either in a good or bad sense; equal in value; as flowers worthy of paradise.

4. Suitable to any thing bad.

The merciless Macdonald,

Worthy to be a rebel.

Shak.

5. Deserving of ill; as things worthy of stripes. Luke 12.

Worthy

WORTHY, noun A man of eminent worth; a man distinguished for useful and estimable qualities; a man of valor; a word much used in the plural; as the worthies of the church; political worthies; military worthies.

Holyday. Milton.

Worthy

WORTHY, verb transitive To render worthy; to exalt. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Wot

WOT, verb intransitive [originally wat; the preterite of Saxon witan, to know; formerly used also in the present tense.]

To know; to be aware. Obs.

Spenser.

Would

WOULD. WUD, preterit tense of will, German wollen, Latin volo.

Would is used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms of speech. ``I would go, if I could.' This form of expression denotes will or resolution, under a condition or supposition.

You would go, or He would go, denote simply an event, under a condition or supposition.

The condition implied in would is not always expressed. ``By pleasure and pain, I would be understood to mean what delights or molests usÃ‚--'; that is, if it should be asked what I mean by pleasure and pain, I would thus explain what I wish to have understood. In this form of expression, which is very common, there seems to be an implied allusion to an inquiry, or to the supposition of something not expressed.

Would has the sense of wish or pray, particularly in the phrases, ``would to God,' ``would God we had died in Egypt,' ``I would that ye knew what conflict I have;' that is, I could wish such a thing, if the wish could avail. Here also there is an implied condition.

Would is used also for wish to do, or to have.

What wouldst thou? What would he?

Woulding

WOULD'ING, noun Motion of desire. [Not in use.]

Hammond.

Wound

WOUND, noun [Saxon wund; Dutch wond; German wunde; Welsh gwanu, to thrust, to stab.]

1. A breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or of the bark and wood of a tree, or of the bark and substance of other plants, caused by violence or external force. The self-healing power of living beings, animal or vegetable, by which the parts separated in wounds, tend to unite and become sound, is a remarkable proof of divine benevolence and wisdom.

2. Injury; hurt; as a wound given to credit or reputation.

Wound

WOUND, verb transitive To hurt by violence; as, to wound the head or the arm; to wound a tree.

He was wounded for our transgressions. Isaiah 53.

Wound

WOUND, preterit tense and participle passive of wind.

Wounded

WOUND'ED, participle passive Hurt; injured.

Wounder

WOUND'ER, noun One that wounds.

Wounding

WOUND'ING, ppr Hurting; injuring.

Wounding

WOUND'ING, noun Hurt; injury. Genesis 4.

Woundless

WOUND'LESS, adjective Free from hurt or injury.

Woundwort

WOUND'WORT, noun The name of several plants; one, a species of Achillea; another, a species of Stachys; another, a species of Laserpitium; another, a species of Solidago; and another a species of Senecio.

Cyc.

Woundy

WOUND'Y, adjective Excessive. [Not English.]

Wove

WOVE, preterit tense of weave, sometimes the participle.

Wox

WOX, or WOXEN, for waxed. [Not in use.]

NOTE. W before r is always silent.

Wrack

WRACK, or WRECK, noun [See Wreck.] A name given to a marine plant which is of great utility as a manure. It is called sometimes sea-wrack or sea-wreck, and sea-oak and sea-tangle. It is the Fucus vesiculosus of Linne, a plant found on rocks left dry at low water. The stalk runs along the middle of the leaf, and is terminated by watery bladders.

Cyc.

The grass wrack is of the genus Zostera.

Lee.

Wrack, and to wrack. [See Wreck.]

Wrain-Bolt

WRAIN-BOLT. [See Wring-bolt.]

Wrangle

WRAN'GLE, verb intransitive [from the root of wring, Swedish vr?nga; that is, to wring, to twist, to struggle, to contend; or it is from the root of ring, to sound.]

To dispute angrily; to quarrel peevishly and noisily; to brawl; to altercate.

For a score of kingdoms you should wrangle.

Shak.

He did not know what it was to wrangle on indifferent points.

Addison.

Wrangle

WRAN'GLE, verb transitive To involve in contention. [Little used.]

Sanderson.

Wrangle

WRAN'GLE, noun An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel.

Swift.

Wrangler

WRAN'GLER, noun An angry disputant; one who disputes with heat or peevishness; as a noisy contentious wrangler.

Watts.

Senior wrangler, in the university of Cambridge, the student who passes the best examination in the senate house. Then follow the second, third, &c. wranglers.

Wranglesome

WRAN'GLESOME, adjective Contentious; quarrelsome.

Moor.

Wrangling

WRAN'GLING, participle of the present tense Disputing or contending angrily.

Wrangling

WRAN'GLING, noun The act of disputing angrily.

Wrap

WRAP, verb transitive pret. and pp. wrapped or wrapt.

1. To wind or fold together. John 20.

2. To involve; to cover by winding something round; often with up; as, to wrap up a child in its blanket; wrap the body well with flannel in winter.

I, wrapt in mist

Of midnight vapor, glide obscure.

Milton.

3. To involve; to hide; as truth wrapt in tales.

4. To comprise; to contain.

Leontine's young wife, in whom all his happiness was wrapped up, died in a few days after the death of her daughter.

Addison.

5. To involve totally.

Things reflected on in gross and transiently, are thought to be wrapped in impenetrable obscurity.

Locke.

6. To inclose.

7. To snatch up; to transport. This is an error. It ought to be rapt. [See Rap and Rapt.]

Wrapped

WRAP'PED, or WRAPT, participle passive Wound; folded; inclosed.

Wrapper

WRAP'PER, noun One that wraps.

2. That in which any thing is wrapped or inclosed.

Wrapping

WRAP'PING, participle of the present tense Winding; folding; involving; inclosing.

2. adjective Used or designed for wrapping or covering; as wrapping paper.

Wrap-Rascal

WRAP'-RASCAL, noun An upper coat.

Jamieson.

Wrass

WRASS, or WRASSE, noun A fish, the Labrus tinca of Linne, called by authors, turdus vulgaris, or tinca marina, the sea-tench, and sometimes old-wife. It resembles the carp in figure, and is covered with large scales. The name is also applied to other species of the genus Labrus.

Cyc. Ed. Encyc.

Wrath

WR`ATH, noun [Saxon wrath, wroeth; Swedish Dutch vrede; Welsh irad, of which Latin ira is a contraction; Arabic to provoke. Class Rd. No. 36.]

1. Violent anger; vehement exasperation; indignation; as the wrath of Achilles.

When the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeasedÃ‚-- Esther 2.

O LordÃ‚--in wrath remember mercy. Habakkuk 3.

2. The effects of anger. Proverbs 27.

3. The just punishment of an offense or crime. Romans 13.

God's wrath, in Scripture, is his holy and just indignation against sin. Romans 1.

Wrathful

WR`ATHFUL, adjective Very angry; greatly incensed. The king was very wrathful.

2. Springing from wrath, or expressing it; as wrathful passions; a wrathful countenance.

Wrathfully

WR`ATHFULLY, adverb With violent anger.

Shak.

Wrathfulness

WR`ATHFULNESS, noun Vehement anger.

Wrathless

WR`ATHLESS, adjective Free from anger.

Waller.

Wrathy

WR`ATHY, adjective Very angry; a colloquial word.

Wrawl

WRAWL, verb intransitive [Swedish vrÃƒ-¥la, to bawl.] To cry, as a cat. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Wreak

WREAK, verb transitive [Saxon wroecan, wroeccan; Dutch wrecken; German rÃƒ-¤chen; perhaps allied to break. The sense is to drive or throw, to dash with violence. See Arabic. Class Rg. No. 32. and No. 48.]

1. To execute; to inflict; to hurl or drive; as, to wreak vengeance on an enemy.

On me let death wreak all his rage.

Milton.

2. To revenge.

Come wreak his loss, whom bootless ye complain.

Fairfax.

Another's wrongs to wreak upon thyself.

Spenser.

[This latter sense is nearly or quite obsolete.]

Wreak

WREAK, for reck, to care, is a mistake.

Shak.

Wreak

WREAK, noun Revenge; vengeance; furious passion. Obs.

Shak. Spenser.

Wreakful

WRE'AKFUL, adjective Revengeful; angry.

Shak.

Wreakless

WRE'AKLESS, adjective Unrevengeful; weak.

Shak.

Wreath

WREATH, noun [Saxon wroeth, wreoth. See Writhe.]

1. Something twisted or curled; as a wreath of flowers. Hence,

2. A garland; a chaplet.

Nor wear his brows victorious wreaths.

Wreath

WREATH. verb transitive pret. wreathed; pp. wreathed, wreathen.

1. To twist; to convolve; to wind one about another; as, to wreath a garland of flowers.

2. To interweave; to entwine; as chains of wreathed work.

3. To encircle, as a garland.

The flow'rs that wreath the sparkling bowl.

Prior.

4. To encircle as with a garland; to dress in a garland.

And with thy winding ivy wreaths her lance.

Dryden.

Wreath

WREATH, verb intransitive To be interwoven or entwined; as a bower of wreathing trees.

Dryden.

Wreathed

WRE'ATHED, participle passive Twisted; entwined; interwoven.

Wreathing

WRE'ATHING, participle of the present tense Twisting; entwining; encircling.

Wreathy

WRE'ATHY, adjective Twisted; curled; spiral; as a wreathy spire.

Wreck

WRECK, noun [Danish vrag, a wreck, shipwreck; Swedish vrak, refuse; Saxon wroec, wroecca, an exile, a wretch; Dutch wrak, broken, a wreck. This word signifies properly that which is cast, driven or dashed, or that which is broken.]

1. Destruction; properly, the destruction of a ship or vessel on the shore. Hence,

2. The ruins of a ship stranded; a ship dashed against rocks or land and broken, or otherwise rendered useless by violence and fracture.

3. Dissolution by violence; ruin; destruction.

The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds.

Addison.

4. The remains of any thing ruined; dead weeds and grass.

5. In metallurgy, the vessel in which ores are washed the third time.

6. Wreck, for wreak, is less proper. [See also Ruck.]

Wreck

WRECK, verb transitive [Swedish vr?ka, to throw away.]

1. To strand; to drive against the shore, or dash against rocks, and break or destroy. The ship Diamond of New York, was wrecked on a rock in Cardigan Bay, on the coast of Wales.

2. To ruin; as, they wreck their own fortunes.

3. Wreck, for wreak, is improper.

Shak.

Wreck

WRECK, verb intransitive To suffer wreck or ruin.

Milton.

Wrecked

WRECK'ED, participle passive Dashed against the shore or on rocks; stranded and ruined.

Wreckful

WRECK'FUL, adjective Causing wreck.

Wrecking

WRECK'ING, participle of the present tense Stranding; running on rocks or on shore; ruining.

Wren

WREN, noun [Saxon wrenna; Irish drean.] A small bird of the genus Motacilla.

Wrench

WRENCH, verb transitive [German verrenken; Dutch verwringen. See Wring. Qu. Irish freanc.]

1. To pull with a twist; to wrest, twist or force by violence; as, to wrench a sword from another's hand.

2. To strain; to sprain; to distort.

You wrenched your foot against a stone.

Swift.

Wrench

WRENCH, noun A violent twist, or a pull with twisting.

2. A sprain; an injury by twisting; as in a joint.

Locke.

3. An instrument for screwing or unscrewing iron work.

4. Means of compulsion. [Not used.]

Bacon.

5. In the plural, sleights; subtilties. Obs.

Chaucer.

Wrest

WREST, verb transitive [Saxon wroestan; German reissen, to wrest, to snatch or pull, to burst, to tear; Danish vrister. Qu. Latin restis, a rope.]

1. To twist or extort by violence; to pull or force from by violent wringing or twisting; as, to wrest an instrument from another's hands.

2. To take or force from by violence. The enemy made a great effort, and wrested the victory from our hands.

But fate has wrested the confession from me.

Addison.

3. To distort; to turn from truth or twist from its natural meaning by violence; to pervert.

Wrest once the law to your authority.

Shak.

Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of the poor. Exodus 23.

Which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other Scriptures, to their own destruction. 2 Peter 3.

Wrest

WREST, noun Distortion; violent pulling and twisting; perversion.

Hooker.

2. Active or moving power. [Not used.]

Spenser.

3. An instrument to tune.

Wrested

WREST'ED, participle passive Pulled with twisting; distorted; perverted.

Wrester

WREST'ER, noun One who wrests or perverts.

Wresting

WREST'ING, participle of the present tense Pulling with a twist; distorting; perverting.

Wrestle

WRESTLE, v. i. res'l. [Saxon wroestlian or wraxlian; Dutch worstelen. If wraxlian is the true orthography, this word belongs to Class Rg; otherwise it is from wrest.]

1. To strive with arms extended, as two men, who seize each other by the collar and arms, each endeavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and twitching him off his center.

Another, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternum.

Wiseman.

2. To struggle; to strive; to contend.

We wrestle not against flesh and blood. Ephesians 6.

Wrestler

WRES'TLER, noun One who wrestles; or one who is skillful in wrestling.

Wrestling

WRES'TLING, participle of the present tense Striving to throw; contending.

Wrestling

WRES'TLING, noun Strife; struggle; contention.

Wretch

WRETCH, noun [Saxon wroecca, one who is driven, an exile. See Wreck and. Class Rg. No. 48.]

1. A miserable person; one sunk in the deepest distress; as a forlorn wretch.

2. A worthless mortal; as a contemptible wretch.

3. A person sunk in vice; as a profligate wretch.

4. It is sometimes used by way of slight or ironical pity or contempt.

Poor wretch was never frighted so.

Drayton.

5. It is sometimes used to express tenderness; as we say, poor thing.

Shak.

Wretched

WRETCH'ED, adjective Very miserable; sunk into deep affliction or distress, either from want, anxiety or grief.

The wretched find no friends.

Dryden.

2. Calamitous; very afflicting; as the wretched condition of slaves in Algiers.

3. Worthless; paltry; very poor or mean; as a wretched poem; a wretched cabin.

4. Despicable; hatefully vile and contemptible. He was guilty of wretched ingratitude.

Wretchedly

WRETCH'EDLY, adverb Most miserably; very poorly. The prisoners were wretchedly lodged.

2. Unhappily; as two wars wretchedly entered upon.

Clarendon.

3. Meanly; despicably; as a discourse wretchedly delivered.

Wretchedness

WRETCH'EDNESS, noun Extreme misery or unhappiness, either from want or sorrow; as the wretchedness of poor mendicants.

We have, with the feeling, lost the very memory of such wretchedness as our forefathers enduredÃ‚--

Raleigh.

The prodigal brought nothing to his father but his rags and wretchedness.

Dwight.

2. Meanness; despicableness; as the wretchedness of a performance.

Wretchless

WRETCHLESS, for reckless, or WRETCHLESSNESS, for recklessness, are improper.

Wrig

WRIG, for wriggle. [Not in use.]

Wriggle

WRIG'GLE, verb intransitive [Welsh rhuglaw, to move briskly; Dutch wriggelen or wrikken.]

To move the body to and fro with short motions.

Both he and his successors would often wriggle in their seats, as long as the cushion lasted.

Swift.

Wriggle

WRIG'GLE, verb transitive To put into a quick reciprocating motion; to introduce by a shifting motion.

Wriggling his body to recover

His seat, and cast his right leg over.

Hudibras.

Wriggler

WRIG'GLER, noun One who wriggles.

Wriggling

WRIG'GLING, participle of the present tense Moving the body one way and the other with quick turns.

Wright

WRIGHT, noun [Saxon wryhta; from the root of work.]

An artificer; one whose occupation is some kind of mechanical business; a workman; a manufacturer. This word is now chiefly used in compounds, as in shipwright, wheelwright.

Wring

WRING, verb transitive pret. and pp. wringed and wrung. The latter is chiefly used. [Saxon wringan; German ringen; Dutch wringen; Danish vroenger; Swedish vr?nga; Danish ringer. The sense is to strain.]

1. To twist; to turn and strain with violence; as, to wring clothes in washing.

2. To squeeze; to press; to force by twisting; as, to wring water out of a wet garment.

3. To writhe; as, to wring the body in pain.

4. To pinch.

The king began to find where his shoe did wring him. Obs.

Bacon.

If he had not been too much grieved and wrung by an uneasy and strait fortuneÃ‚-- Obs.

Clarendon.

5. To distress; to press with pain.

Didst thou taste but half the griefs,

That wring my soul, thou couldst not talk thus coldly.

Addison.

6. To distort; to pervert.

How dare these men thus wring the Scriptures?

Whitgifte.

7. To persecute with extortion.

These merchant adventurers have been often wronged and wringed to the quick.

Hayward.

8. To bend or strain out of its position, as, to wring a mast.

Mar. Dict.

To wring off, to force off or separate by wringing; as, to wring off the head of a fowl.

To wring out, to force out; to squeeze out by twisting; as, to wring out dew or water. Judges 6.

2. To free from a liquor by wringing; as, to wring out clothes.

To wring from, to force from by violence; to extort; as revenues wrung from the poor; to wring from one his rights; to wring a secret from one.

Wring

WRING, verb intransitive To writhe; to twist; as with anguish.

Shak.

Wring

WRING, noun Action of anguish.

Hull.

Wring-Bolt

WRING'-BOLT, noun [wring and bolt.] A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend and secure the planks against the timbers till they are fastened by bolts, spikes and treenails.

Mar. Dict.

Wringed

WRING'ED, participle passive Twisted; pressed; distressed; extorted.

Wringer

WRING'ER, noun One who wrings; one that forces water out of any thing by wringing.

Wringing

WRING'ING, participle of the present tense Twisting; writhing; extorting.

Wring-Staves

WRING'-STAVES, noun Strong bars of wood used in applying wring-bolts.

Mar. Dict.

Wrinkle

WRINK'LE, noun [Saxon wrincle; Swedish rynka; Danish rynke. This coincides with ring, a circle. The Dutch write this word krinkle, and kring is ring. The German runzel is probably of the same family, formed on Rg; Irish rang. If n is casual, the root coincides with Latin ruga, a wrinkle, and Welsh rhyÃƒ-§, a furrow.]

1. A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, formed by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance; corrugation; a crease; as wrinkles in the face or skin.

2. A fold or rumple in cloth.

3. Roughness; unevenness.

Not the least wrinkle to deform the sky.

Dryden.

Wrinkle

WRINK'LE, verb transitive [Saxon wrinclian; Swedish rynka; Danish rynker.]

1. To contract into furrows and prominences; to corrugate; as, to wrinkle the skin; to wrinkle the brow.

Her wrinkled form in black and white array'd.

Pope.

2. To make rough or uneven.

A keen north wind, blowing dry,

Wrinkled the face of deluge, as decay'd.

Milton.

Wrinkle

WRINK'LE, verb intransitive To shrink into furrows and ridges.

Wrinkled

WRINK'LED, participle passive Contracted into ridges and furrows.

Wrinkling

WRINK'LING, participle of the present tense Shrinking; contracting into furrows and ridges.

Wrist

WRIST, noun [Saxon wrist; allied probably to wrest and wrestle; that is, a twist or junction.]

1. The joint by which the hand is united to the arm.

2. In the manege, the bridle wrist is that of the cavalier's left hand.

Cyc.

Wristband

WRIST'BAND, noun [wrist and band.] That band or part of a shirt sleeve which covers the wrist.

Writ

WRIT, noun [from write.] That which is written. In this sense, writ is particularly applied to the Scriptures, or books of the Old and New Testament; as holy writ; sacred writ.

2. In law, a precept issued from the proper authority to the sherif, his deputy or other subordinate officer, commanding him to perform some act, as to summon a defendant into court to answer, and the like.

In England, writs are issued from some court under seal. In some of the United States, writs are issued by any single judge or justice of the peace, in the name and by the authority of the state.

In some of the United States, the writ in a civil suit, contains both the summons and the plaintif's declaration or cause of action set forth at large, and a writ is either a summons or an attachment.

Writs are original or judicial. An original writ, in England, is issued from the high court of chancery. A judicial writ is issued by order of a court upon a special occasion, during the pendency of the suit.

Writs are of various kinds; as writs of assize; writs of capias; writs of distringas, &c.

3. A legal instrument.

Shak.

Writ

WRIT, preterit tense of write, is not now used. [See Write and Wrote.]

Write

WRITE, verb transitive pret. wrote; pp. writ, written. [Saxon writan, awritan, gewritan; Icelandic rita; Gothic writs, a letter. The sense is to scrape, to scratch, to rub; probably from the root of grate and Latin rado.]

1. To form by a pen on paper or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone; as, to write the characters called letters; to write figures. We write characters on paper with pen and ink; we write them on stone with a graving tool.

2. To express by forming letters and words on paper or stone; as, to write a deed; to 'write a bill of divorcement. The ten commandments were written with the finger of God on tables of stone. Exodus 31.

3. To engrave. [See the preceding definition.]

4. To impress durably. Write useful truths on the heart.

5. To compose or produce, as an author.

6. To copy; to transcribe.

7. To communicate by letter.

I chose to write the thing I durst not speak

To her I lov'd.

Prior.

Write

WRITE, verb intransitive To perform the act of forming characters, letters or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas. Learn to write when young.

2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. A writes for B. D writes in one of the public offices.

3. To play the author; as, he thinks, he speaks, he writes, he sings.

4. To recite or relate in books. Josephus wrote of the wars of the Jews.

5. To send letters.

He wrote for all the Jews concerning their freedom.

Esdras.

6. To call one's self; to be entitled; to use the style of.

Those who began to write themselves men, but thought it no shame to learn.

Fell.

7. To compose; to frame or combine ideas and express them in words.

They can write up to the dignity and character of their authors.

Felton.

Writer

WRI'TER, noun One who writes or has written.

2. An author.

3. A clerk or amanuensis.

Writer of the tallies, an officer of the exchequer of England; a clerk to the auditor of the receipt, who writes upon the tallies the whole of the tellers' bills.

Cyc.

Writhe

WRITHE, verb transitive [Saxon writhan; Swedish vrida; Danish vrider.]

1. To twist; to distort.

Her mouth she writh'd.

Dryden.

2. To twist with violence; as, to writhe the body.

Addison.

3. To wrest; to distort; to torture; as, to writhe words. Obs.

Hooker.

Writhe

WRITHE, verb intransitive To twist; to be distorted; as, to writhe with agony.

Addison.

Writhed

WRI'THED, participle passive Twisted; distorted.

Writhing

WRI'THING, participle of the present tense Twisting; distorting.

Writhle

WRITH'LE, verb transitive [from writhe.] To wrinkle. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Writing

WRI'TING, participle of the present tense Forming, as characters, with a pen, style or graver.

2. adjective Used or intended for writing; as writing paper.

Writing

WRI'TING, noun The act or art of forming letters and characters, on paper, wood, stone or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs. We hardly know which to admire most, the ingenuity or the utility of the art of writing.

2. Any thing written or expressed in letters; hence, any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement, &c.

3. A book; any written composition; a pamphlet; as the writings of Addison.

4. An inscription. John 19.

5. Writings, plu. conveyances of lands; deeds; or any official papers.

Writing-Master

WRI'TING-MA`STER, noun One who teacher the art of penmanship.

Written

WRIT'TEN, participle passive Expressed in letters.

Written laws, statutes; laws enacted by the supreme power and recorded; as contra-distinguished from unwritten or common law.

Wrizzled

WRIZ'ZLED, for writhled. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Wroken

WRO'KEN, for wreaked. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Wrong

WRONG, adjective [Swedish vrÃƒ-¥ng; Danish vrang; properly the participle of wring, Swedish vr?nga, Danish vroenger.] Literally wrung, twisted or turned from a straight line or even surface. Hence,

1. Not physically right; not fit or suitable; as the wrong side of a garment. You hold the book the wrong end uppermost. There may be something wrong in the construction of a watch or an edifice.

2. Not morally right; that deviates from the line of rectitude prescribed by God; not just or equitable; not right or proper; not legal; erroneous; as a wrong practice; wrong ideas; a wrong course of life; wrong measures; wrong inclinations and desires; a wrong application of talents; wrong judgment. Habakkuk 1.

3. Erroneous; not according to truth; as a wrong statement.

Wrong

WRONG, noun Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; any injury done to another; a trespass; a violation of right. Wrongs are private or public. Private wrongs are civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community.

Blackstone.

Sarai said to Abraham, my wrong be on thee. Genesis 16.

Friend, I do thee no wrong. Matthew 20.

The obligation to redress a wrong, is at least as binding as that of paying a debt.

E. Everett.

Wrong

WRONG, adverb Not rightly; amiss; morally ill; erroneously.

Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss.

Pope.

Wrong

WRONG, verb transitive To injure; to treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice from. We wrong a man, when we defraud him, and when we trespass on his property. We wrong a man, when we neglect to pay him his due. Philemon 18.

2. To do injustice to by imputation; to impute evil unjustly. If you suppose me capable of a base act, you wrong me.

Wrong-Doer

WRONG'-DOER, noun One who injures another, or does wrong.

Wrong-Doing

WRONG'-DOING, noun Evil or wicked act or action.

Wronged

WRONG'ED, participle passive Treated unjustly; injured.

Wronger

WRONG'ER, noun One who injures another.

Wrongful

WRONG'FUL, adjective Injurious; unjust; as a wrongful taking of property; wrongful dealing.

Wrongfully

WRONG'FULLY, adverb Unjustly; in a manner contrary to the moral law or to justice; as, to accuse one wrongfully; to suffer wrongfully.

Wronghead

WRONG'HEAD, or WRONGHEAD'ED, adjective [wrong and head.] Wrong in opinion or principle; having a perverse understanding; perverse.

Wrongheadedness

WRONGHEAD'EDNESS, noun Perverseness; erroneousness.

Wronglessly

WRONG'LESSLY, adverb Without injury to any one. [Not used.]

Sidney.

Wrongly

WRONG'LY, adverb In a wrong manner; unjustly; amiss. He judges wrongly of my motives.

Wrongness

WRONG'NESS, noun Wrong disposition; error.

Butler.

Wrote

WROTE, preterit tense of write. He wrote a letter yesterday. Herodotus wrote his history more than two thousand years ago.

[Note. Wrote is not now used as the participle.]

Wroth

WROTH, a. rauth. [Saxon wroeth, wrath. See Wrath.]

Very angry; much exasperated.

Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Genesis 4.

I was wroth with my people. Isaiah 47.

[An excellent word and not obsolete.]

Wrought

WROUGHT, preterit tense and participle passive of work. raut. [Saxon worhte, the pret. and pp. of wircan, weorcan, to work.]

1. Worked; formed by work or labor; as wrought iron.

2. Effected; performed.

She hath wrought a good work upon me. Matthew 26.

3. Effected; produced. He wrought the public safety. A great change was wrought in his mind.

This wrought the greatest confusion in the unbelieving Jews.

Addison.

4. Use in labor.

The elders of that city shall take a heifer that hath not been wrought with. Deuteronomy 21.

5. Worked; driven; as infection wrought out of the body. [Not used.]

Bacon.

6. Actuated.

Vain Morat, by his own rashness wroughtÃ‚--

Dryden.

7. Worked; used; labored in. The mine is still wrought.

8. Formed; fitted.

He that hath wrought us for the self-same thing is God. 2 Corinthians 5.

9. Guided; managed. [Not used.]

Milton.

10. Agitated; disturbed.

My dull brain was wrought

With things forgot.

Shak.

Wrought on or upon, influenced; prevailed on. His mind was wrought upon by divine grace.

Wrought to or up to, excited; inflamed. Their minds were wrought up to a violent passion. She was wrought up to the tenderest emotions of pity.

Wrung

WRUNG, preterit tense and participle passive of wring.

Wry

WRY, adjective [Gothic wraicwa, or Danish vrier, to twist, contracted from vrider, to writhe.]

1. Twisted; turned to one side; distorted; as a wry neck; a wry mouth.

2. Deviating from the right direction; as wry words.

3. Wrested; perverted; as, to put a wry sense on an author's words.

Atterbury.

Wry

WRY, verb intransitive To be writhed or distorted. [Not used.]

Wry

WRY, verb transitive To distort; to wrest. [Not used.]

Wryneck

WRY'NECK, noun [wry and neck.] A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side, and at the same time somewhat forwards.

Cyc.

2. A disease of the spasmodic kind in sheep, in which the head is drawn to one side.

Cyc.

3. In ornithology, a bird resembling the woodpeckers, the Yunx torquilla; so called from the singular manner in which, when surprised, it turns its head over its shoulders.

Ed. Encyc.

Wrynecked

WRY'NECKED, adjective Having a distorted neck.

Wryness

WRY'NESS, noun The state of being wry or distorted.

Mountague.

Wych-Elm

WYCH-ELM, noun A variety of the elm, or a peculiar species, (Ulmus glabra.)

Cyc.

X

X

X, the twenty fourth letter of the English Alphabet, is borrowed from the Greek. In the middle and at the end of words, it has the sound of ks, as in wax, lax, luxury. At the beginning of a word, it has precisely the sound of z. It is used as an initial, in a few words borrowed from the Greek.

As a numeral, X stands for ten. It represents one V, which stands for five, placed on the top of another. When laid horizontally, thus ?, it stands for a thousand, and with a dash over it, thus X; it stands for ten thousand. As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as in Xn. Christian; Xm. Christmas.

Xanthid

XAN'THID, or XAN'THIDE, noun A compound of xanthogene and a metal.

Henry.

Xanthogene

XAN'THOGENE, noun [Greek, yellow, and, to generate.]

The base of a new acid, produced by the mixture of a solution of pure potassa with bisulphuret of carbon. This acid contains sulphur, carbon, and hydrogen. It is named from the yellow color of its compounds.

Henry. Zeise.

Xebec

XEBEC', noun A small three masted vessel, used in the Mediterranean sea. With a fair wind, in good weather, it carries two large square sails; when close hauled, it carries large lateen sails.

Mar. Dict.

Xerocollyrium

XEROCOLLYR'IUM, noun [Greek, dry, and.] A dry collyrium or eye-salve.

Coxe.

Xeromyrum

XEROMY'RUM, noun [Greek, dry, and, ointment.] A dry ointment.

Coxe.

Xerophagy

XEROPH'AGY, noun [Greek, dry, and, to eat.]

The eating of dry meats, a sort of fast among the primitive christians.

Xerophthalmy

XEROPH'THALMY, noun [Greek, dry, and.]

A dry red soreness or itching of the eyes, without swelling or a discharge of humors.

Xiphias

XIPH'IAS, noun [Greek from, a sword.] The sword-fish.

2. A comet shaped like a sword.

Xiphoid

XIPH'OID, adjective [supra.] The xiphoid or ensiform cartilage, is a small cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast bone.

Cyc. Coxe.

Xylography

XYLOG'RAPHY, noun [Greek, wood, and, to engrave.]

Wood-engraving; the act or art of cutting figures in wood, in representation of natural objects.

Xyster

XYS'TER, noun [Greek, from, to scrape.]

A surgeon's instrument for scraping bones.

Y

Y

Y, the twenty fifth letter of the English Alphabet, is taken from the Greek v. At the beginning of words, it is called an articulation or consonant, and with some propriety perhaps, as it brings the root of the tongue in close contact with the lower part of the palate, and nearly in the position to which the close g brings it. Hence it has happened that in a great number of words, g has been changed into y, as the Saxon gear, into year; geornian, into yearn; gyllan, into yell; gealew, into yellow.

In the middle and at the end of words, y is precisely the same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in defy, rely; and as i short, when unaccented, as in vanity, glory, synonymous. This latter sound is a vowel. At the beginning of words, y answers to the German and Dutch j.

Y

Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and with a dash over it, Y, for 150,000.

Yacht

YACHT, n. yot. [Dutch jagt; German jacht, from jagen. It is properly a boat drawn by horses.]

A vessel of state used to convey princes, embassadors and other great personages from one place to another. The royal yachts are rigged as ketches, except the principal one, which is equipped as a ship. The smaller yachts are rigged as sloops.

Mar. Dict.

Yager

YAGER, n. yaw'ger. [German jÃƒ-¤ger, from jagen, to chase.] A horseman.

Yahoo

YA'HOO, noun A word used by Chesterfield, I suppose for a savage, or a person resembling a savage.

Yak

YAK, noun A species of ox, with cylindric horns curving outwards, long pendent hair, and villous horselike tail; the grunting ox of Pennant. This ox is found in Thibet.

Cyc.

Yam

YAM, noun A large esculent root growing in tropical climates.

Yamboo

YAM'BOO, noun A kind of plant producing fruit like a plum.

Yankee

YAN'KEE, noun A corrupt pronunciation of the word English by the native Indians of America.

Heckewelder.

Yanolite

YAN'OLITE, noun A mineral, called also axinite or thumerstone, whose crystals resemble an ax.

Ure.

Yap

YAP, to bark, is not a legitimate word.

Yapon

YAP'ON, noun The cassine or South Sea tea.

The Ilex cassine or youpon, is a shrub growing in the S. States, used as a tea and a medicine.

Mease.

Yard

Y`ARD, noun [Saxon geard, gerd, gyrd, a rod, that is, a shoot.]

1. A measure of three feet or thirty six inches. It is just seven ninths of the Paris ell.

2. [Saxon gyrdan, to inclose; Danish gierde, a hedge, an inclosure; gierder, to hedge in, Swedish g?rda.] An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of or around a house or barn. The yard in front of a house is called a court, and sometimes a court-yard. In the United States, a small yard is fenced round a barn for confining cattle, and called barn-yard or cow-yard.

3. In ships, a long slender piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the mast, by which a sail is extended.

Yard of land, in old books, a certain quantity of land, but different in different counties. In some counties it was 15 acres, in others 20 or 24, and even 40.

Dock-yard, a place where ships are laid up.

Prison yard, primarily an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. Hence liberty of the yard, is a liberty granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on his giving bond not to go beyond those limits.

U. States.

Yard

Y`ARD, verb transitive To confine cattle to the yard; as, to yard cows. [A farmer's word.]

Yard-Arm

Y`ARD-ARM, noun [yard and arm.] Either half of a ship's yard, from the center or mast to the end.

Yard-Stick

Y`ARD-STICK, noun [yard and stick.] A stick three feet in length, used as a measure of cloth, &c.

Yard-Wand

Y`ARD-WAND, noun [yard and wand.] A measure of a yard; now yard-stick.

Yare

YARE, adjective [Saxon gearw, prepared; from the root of gear. See Eager.]

Ready; dextrous; eager. Obs.

Shak.

Yarely

YA'RELY, adverb Readily; dextrously; skillfully. Obs.

Shak.

Yarn

Y`ARN, noun [Saxon gearn; German Icelandic Swedish garn; Dutch garen.]

1. Spun wool; woolen thread; but it is applied also to other species of thread, as to cotton and linen.

2. In rope-making, one of the threads of which a rope is composed. It is spun from hemp.

Yarr

Y`ARR, verb intransitive [Low Latin hirrio; Celtic, gar, Welsh garw, rough.]

To growl or snarl, as a dog. [Not in use.]

Ainsworth.

Yarrish

YAR'RISH, adjective Having a rough dry taste. [Local.]

Yarrow

YAR'ROW, noun [Saxon gearwe; Spanish yaro.] A plant of the genus Achillea; the milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves.

Yate

YATE, in the north of England, is used for gate.

Yaw

YAW, noun The African name of a raspberry.

Cyc.

Yaw

YAW, verb intransitive To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in the sugar works. [Qu. yew. See Yew.]

West Indies.

2. In navigation, to deviate from the line of her course, as a ship.

Mar. Dict.

Yawl

YAWL, noun A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars.

Yawl

YAWL, verb intransitive To cry out. [See Yell.]

Yawn

YAWN, verb intransitive [Saxon geonan, gynian; German gÃƒ-¤hnen; Welsh agenu; Greek.]

1. To gape; to oscitate; to have the mouth open involuntarily through drowsiness or dullness.

The lazy, yawning drone.

Shak.

And while above he spends his breath,

The yawning audience nod beneath.

Trumbull.

2. To open wide; as, wide yawns the gulf below.

3. To express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings.

Hooker.

Yawn

YAWN, noun A gaping; an involuntary opening of the mouth from drowsiness; oscitation.

One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all present.

N. Chipman.

2. An opening wide.

Addison.

Yawning

YAWN'ING, participle of the present tense Gaping; opening wide.

2. adjective Sleepy; drowsy; dull.

Shak.

Yawning

YAWN'ING, noun The act of gaping or opening wide.

Yaws

YAWS, noun A severe cutaneous disease, which is indigenous in Africa, and from Africa it has been introduced into the Welsh Indies. It is said to be so named from yaw, a raspberry. It is called by nosologists framboesia, from the French framboise, a raspberry. It is propagated solely by the infection of the matter of the pustules, applied to a part of the body where the skin is broken. It affects a person but once.

Cyc.

Yclad

YCLAD', participle passive Clad. [This word and the following retain the y, which is the remains of the Saxon ge, prefixed to verbs. But it is obsolete, except in poetry, and perhaps in burlesque only.]

Ycleped

YCLEP'ED, participle passive of Saxon ge-clypian, clepan, to call. [See Yclad.] Called; named. It is obsolete, except in burlesque.

Ydrad

YDRAD', participle passive Dreaded. Obs.

Spenser.

Ye

YE, pronoun [Saxon ge.] The nominative plural of the second person, of which thou is the singular. But the two words have no radical connection. Ye is now used only in the sacred and solemn style. In common discourse and writing, you is exclusively used.

But ye are washed, but ye are sanctifiea. Corinthians 6.

Yea

YEA, adv. ya. [Saxon gea, geac; German, Dutch Danish ja; Swedish jaka, to consent. Class Cg. No. 25. 26.]

1. Yes; a word that expresses affirmation or assent. Will you go? yea. It sometimes introduces a subject, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly, it is so.

Yea, hath God said, ye shall not eat of every tree in the garden? Genesis 3.

Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matthew 5.

2. It sometimes enforces the sense of something preceding; not only so, but more.

Therein I do rejoice; yea, and will rejoice. Philippians 1.

3. In Scripture, it is used to denote certainty, consistency, harmony and stability.

All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him are amen. 2 Corinthians 1.

[In this use, the word may be considered a noun.]

Yea is used only in the sacred and solemn style. [See Yes.]

Yead

YEAD, or GEAD, verb intransitive To go. Obs.

Spenser.

Yean

YEAN, verb intransitive [Saxon eanian.] To bring forth young, as a goat or sheep; to lamb. [Obsolete or local.]

Yeaned

YE'ANED, participle passive Brought forth.

Yeanling

YE'ANLING, noun The young of sheep; a lamb. [Obsolete or local.]

Year

YEAR, noun [Saxon gear; German jahr; Dutch jaar; Swedish Ãƒ-¥r; Danish aar; Sanscrit jahran; probably a course or circle; the root gar, ger, signifying to run.]

1. The space or period of time in which the sun moves through the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and returns to the same point. This is the solar year, and the year, in the strict and proper sense of the word. It is called also the tropical year. This period comprehends what are called the twelve calendar months, or 365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes, within a small fraction. But in popular usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year of 366; a day being added to February, on account of the 5 hours and 49 minutes.

2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution; as the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.

3. The time in which the fixed stars make a revolution, is called the great year.

4. Years, in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or old age: as a man in years.

In popular language, year is often used for years. The horse is ten year old.

Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 6 minutes, and 11, 5 seconds.

Anomalistical year, the time that elapses from the sun's leaving its apogee, till it returns to it; which is 365 days, 6 hours, 14 minutes.

Civil year, the year which any nation has contrived for the computation of time.

Bissextile or leap year, the year consisting of 366 days.

Lunar year, consists of 12 lunar months.

Lunar astronomical year, consists of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.

Common lunar year, consists of 12 lunar civil months, or 354 days.

Embolismic or intercalary year, consists of 13 lunar civil months, and contains 384 days.

Julian year, established by Julius Cesar, consists of 365 days, 6 hours.

Gregorian year, is the Julian year corrected, and is the year now generally used in Europe. From the difference between this and the Julian year, arises the distinction of Old and New Style.

Sabbatic year, among the Israelites, was every seventh year, when their land was suffered to lie untilled.

Cyc. Encyc.

The civil or legal year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th day of March.

This practice continued till after the settlement of America, and the first settlers of New England observed it for many years.

Year-Book

YE'AR-BOOK, noun [year and book.] A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England.

Yeared

YE'ARED, adjective Containing years. [Not in use.]

B. Jonson.

Yearling

YE'ARLING, noun A young beast one year old, or in the second year of his age.

Yearling

YE'ARLING, adjective Being a year old; as a yearling heifer.

Yearly

YE'ARLY, adjective Annual; happening, accruing or coming every year; as a yearly rent or income.

2. Lasting a year; as a yearly plant.

3. Comprehending a year; as the yearly circuit or revolution of the earth.

Yearly

YE'ARLY, adverb Annually; once a year; as blessings yearly bestowed.

Yearn

YEARN, or YERN, verb intransitive [Saxon geornian, giernan, gyrnan, earnian, to desire, to yearn; Swedish gerna, willingly, Danish gierne, German gern, Dutch gaarne. The sense is to strain, or stretch forward. We have earnest from the same root.]

1. To be strained; to be pained or distressed; to suffer.

Falstaff, he is dead,

And we must yearn therefore.

Shak.

2. Usually, to long; to feel an earnest desire; that is literally, to have a desire or inclination stretching towards the object or end. 1 Kings 3.

Joseph made haste, for his bowels did yearn upon his brother. Genesis 43.

Your mother's heart yearns towards you.

Addison.

Ã‚--Anticlus, unable to control,

Spoke loud the language of his yearning soul.

Pope.

Yearn

YEARN, or YERN, verb transitive To pain; to grieve; to vex.

She laments for it, that it would

Yearn your heart to see it.

Shak.

It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Obs.

Shak.

Yearnful

YEARN'FUL, or YERN'FUL, adjective Mournful; distressing. Obs.

Yearning

YEARN'ING, or YERN'ING, participle of the present tense Longing; having longing desire.

Yearning

YEARN'ING, or YERN'ING, noun Strong emotions of desire, tenderness or pity.

Yeast

YEAST, noun [Saxon gist, yeast, a guest, also a storm; yst, a storm; German gÃƒ-¤scht, yeast, and gast, a guest; gÃƒ-¤chen, to foam or froth; Dutch gist, yeast; gisten, to ferment. This coincides with gas and ghost. The primary sense of the noun is wind, spirit, flatulence or froth, from rushing; Chaldee to inflate. Class Gs. No. 18.]

1. Barm; the foam, froth or flower of beer or other liquor in fermentation; used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy.

2. Spume or foam of water. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Yeasty

YE'ASTY, adjective Frothy; foamy; spumy; like yeast.

Yelk

YELK, noun [Saxon gealew, yellow; German gelb, yellow. See Gold and Yellow.]

The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus. It is sometimes written and pronounced yolk, but yelk is the proper word. Yolk is a corruption.

Yell

YELL, verb intransitive [Saxon giellan, gyllan; Dutch gillen; Swedish g?lla, to ring. It agrees in elements with call.]

To cry out with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. Savages yell most frightfully when they are rushing to the first onset of battle.

Not the night raven, that still deadly yells.

Spenser.

Yell

YELL, noun A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.

Their hideous yells

Rend the dark welkin.

Phillips.

Yelling

YELL'ING, participle of the present tense Uttering hideous outcries; shrieking; as yelling monsters.

Milton.

Yelling

YELL'ING, noun The act of screaming hideously.

Yellow

YEL'LOW, adjective [Saxon gealew, yellow; gealla, gall; German gelb; Dutch geel; Danish guul; Swedish gÃƒ-¥Ãƒ-¥l, gul. Hence gold, Danish guld. The French jaune is the same word, contracted from jaulne, as it is written in the Norman; Italian giallo; Russian jelknu, to become yellow; jeltnie, yellow; Latin galbanus. Qu. gilvus. The root is the Celtic gal, geal, bright. See Gold. Class Gl. No. 7.]

Being of a bright color; of the color of gold.

Newton.

Yellow

YEL'LOW, noun A bright color, reflecting the most light of any, after white. It is one of the simple or primitive colors.

Yellow-Blossomed

YEL'LOW-BLOSSOMED, adjective Furnished or adorned with yellow flowers.

Goldsmith.

Yellow-Boy

YEL'LOW-BOY, noun A gold coin. [Vulgar.]

Yellow-Earth

YEL'LOW-EARTH, noun A soft yellow mineral found at Wehraw, in Upper Lusatia, united with clay and argillaceous iron-stone.

Yellow-Fever

YELLOW-FE'VER, noun A malignant disease of warm climates, which often suffuses the skin with a yellowish color.

Yellow-Golds

YEL'LOW-GOLDS, noun A flower.

B. Jonson.

Yellow-Hammer

YEL'LOW-HAMMER, noun A bird of the genus Emberiza. Its throat and the crown of the head, are yellow.

Cyc.

Yellowish

YEL'LOWISH, adjective Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color.

Woodward.

Yellowishness

YEL'LOWISHNESS, noun The quality of being somewhat yellow.

Boyle.

Yellowness

YEL'LOWNESS, noun The quality of being yellow; as the yellowness of an orange.

2. Jealousy. [Not in use.]

Shak.

Yellows

YEL'LOWS, noun A disease of horses, cattle and sheep, in which the eyes are tinged with a yellow color, proceeding often from obstructions in the gall-ducts. It is relieved by purges.

Cyc.

Yelp

YELP, verb intransitive [Saxon gealpan, to bray; Danish gylper, to croak.]

To bark, as a beagle-hound after his prey, or as other dog.

Yelping

YELP'ING, participle of the present tense Barking in a particular manner.

Yenite

YEN'ITE, noun A mineral found in the isle of Elba, and in other places, of a brown or brownish black color. It is arranged with the chrysolite family, but differs much from other species of it. It resembles horn-blend, or rather black epidote. It occurs both crystalized and massive; the form of the crystals being that of a rhomboidal prism. It consists chiefly of silex, lime, and oxyd of manganese.

Cyc. Phillips.

This mineral is called yenite or jenite, in commemoration of the battle of Jena, and lievrite, from its discoverer.

Cleaveland.

Yeoman

YEOMAN, noun [Saxon gemoene, common, Swedish gemen, Danish gemeen. See Common.]

1. A common man, or one of the plebeians, of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law-proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular states. But yeomanry is much used.

2. An officer in the king's household, of a middle rank between a gentleman and a groom.

Eng.

3. In ships, an inferior officer under the boatswain, gunner or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account and distribution of the stores.

Mar. Dict.

4. A name or title of certain soldiers; as yeomen of the guard.

Yeomanly

YEOMANLY, adjective Pertaining to a yeoman.

B. Jonson.

Yeomanry

YEOMANRY, noun The collective body of yeomen or freeholders. Thus the common people in America, are called the yeomanry.

Yerk

YERK, verb transitive [This seems to be the Hebrew Chaldee, Ethiopic waraka, to spit, that is, to thrust out. It is the same as jerk. Class Rg. No. 35.]

To throw or thrust with a sudden smart spring; as, horses yerk their heels.

Far. Dict.

Yerk

YERK, noun A sudden or quick thrust or motion.

Yerking

YERK'ING, participle of the present tense Thrusting with a quick spring.

Yern

YERN. [See Yearn.]

Yes

YES, adverb [Saxon gise.] A word which expresses affirmation or consent; opposed to no; as, are you married, madam? yes.

It is used like yea, to enforce by repetition or addition, something which precedes. You have done all this; yes, you have done more.

Yes, you despise the man to books confin'd.

Pope.

Yest

YEST. [See Yeast.]

Yester

YES'TER, adjective [German gester; Dutch gisteren; Saxon gystern; Latin hesternus.]

Last; last past; next before the present; as yester sun.

Dryden.

[NOTE. This is seldom used except in the compounds which follow.]

Yesterday

YES'TERDAY, noun [Saxon gyrstan-doeg, gyrsternlic doeg. See Yester.]

1. The day last past; the day next before the present.

All our yesterdays have lighted fools

The way to dusty death.

Shak.

We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job 8.

2. Yesterday is used generally without a preposition; as, I went to town yesterday. Yesterday we received letters from our friends. In this case, a preposition is understood; as on yesterday, or during yesterday. The word may be considered as adverbially used.

Yesternight

YES'TERNIGHT, noun [yester and night.]

1. The last night.

2. It is used without a preposition. My brother arrived yesternight; where on or

during is understood, but it may be considered as adverbially used.

Yesty

YESTY. [See Yeasty.]

Yet

YET, conj. [Saxon get, gyt; Greek; Welsh etto. It seems to be from the root of the verb get.]

Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however. I come to you in the spirit of peace; yet you will not receive me.

Yet I say unto you, that Solomon in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of these. Matthew 6.

Yet

YET, adverb Beside; over and above. There is one reason yet further to be alledged.

2. Still; the state remaining the same.

They attest facts they had heard while they were yet heathens.

Addison.

3. At this time; so soon. Is it time to go? Not yet.

4. At least; at all.

A man that would form a comparison between Quintilian's declamations, if yet they are Quintilian'sÃ‚--

Baker.

5. It is prefixed to words denoting extension of time or continuance.

A little longer; yet a little longer.

Dryden.

6. Still; in a new degree. The crime becomes yet blacker by the pretense of piety.

7. Even; after all; a kind of emphatical addition to a negative.

Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them.

Bacon.

8. Hitherto. You have yet done nothing; you have as yet done less than was expected.

Yeven, for given, is not in use.

Spenser.

Yew

YEW, noun [Saxon iw; Welsh yw or ywen; German eibe or eibenbaum; Dutch ibenboom; French if.]

An evergreen tree of the genus Taxus, valued for its wood or timber.

Yew

YEW, verb intransitive To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling at the salt works. [See Yaw.]

Cyc.

Yewen

YEW'EN, adjective Made of yew.

Hubberd.

Yex

YEX, noun [Saxon geocsa. See Hiccough.] A hiccough. [Little used.]

Yex

YEX, verb intransitive To hiccough.

Yfere

YFE'RE, adverb Together. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Yield

YIELD, verb transitive [Saxon gieldan, gildan, gyldan, to render, to pay. But the word seems to be directly from the Welsh gildiaw, to produce, to yield, to concede, to contribute. The sense is obvious.]

1. To produce, as land, stock or funds; to give in return for labor, or as profit. Lands yield not more than three per cent. annually; houses yield four or five per cent. Maiz on good land, yields two or three hundred fold.

2. To produce, in general. Most vegetable juices yield a salt.

3. To afford; to exhibit. The flowers in spring yield a beautiful sight.

4. To allow; to concede; to admit to be true; as, to yield the point in debate. We yield that there is a God.

5. To give, as claimed of right; as, to yield due honors; to yield due praise.

6. To permit; to grant.

Life is but air,

That yields a passage to the whistling sword.

Dryden.

7. To emit; to give up. To yield the breath, is to expire.

8. To resign; to give up; sometimes with

up or over; as, to yield up their own opinions. We yield the place to our superiors.

9. To surrender; sometimes with up; as, to yield a fortress to the enemy; or to yield up a fortress.

Yield

YIELD, verb intransitive To give up the contest; to submit.

He saw the fainting Grecians yield.

Dryden.

2. To comply with; as, I yielded to his request.

3. To give way; not to oppose. We readily yield to the current of opinion; we yield to customs and fashions.

4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence. They will yield to us in nothing.

Tell me in what more happy fields

The thistle springs, to which the lily yields?

Pope.

Yieldableness

YIELDABLENESS, noun Disposition to comply. [A bad word and not used.]

Yieldance

YIELDANCE, noun Act of producing; concession. [Not used.]

Hall.

Yielded

YIELDED, participle passive Produced; afforded; conceded; allowed; resigned; surrendered.

Yielder

YIELDER, noun One who yields.

Yielding

YIELDING, participle of the present tense Producing; affording; conceding; resigning; surrendering; allowing.

2. adjective Inclined to give way or comply; flexible; accommodating; as a yielding temper.

Yielding

YIELDING, noun Act of producing; act of surrendering; submission.

Shak.

Yieldingly

YIELDINGLY, adverb With compliance.

Yieldingness

YIELDINGNESS, noun Disposition to comply; quality of yielding.

Paley.

Yojan

YO'JAN, noun In the E. Indies, a measure or distance of five miles.

Asiat. Res.

Yoke

YOKE, noun [Saxon geoc or ioc; Dutch juk; German joch; Swedish ok; Sanscrit yuga; French joug; Italian giogo; Spanish yugo; Latin jugum; Greek; Slav. Russian igo; Chaldee Syriac Arabic zug, to join, Latin jungo, Greek.]

1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving near each end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks of oxen; by which means two are connected for drawing. From a ring or hook in the bow, a chain extends to the thing to be drawn, or to the yoke of another pair of oxen behind.

2. A mark of servitude; slavery; bondage.

Our country sinks beneath the yoke.

Shak.

3. A chain; a link; a bond of connection; as the yoke of marriage.

Dryden.

4. A couple; a pair; as a yoke of oxen.

5. Service.

My yoke is easy. Matthew 11.

Yoke

YOKE, verb transitive To put a yoke on; to join in a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or a pair of oxen.

2. To couple; to join with another.

Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb.

Shak.

3. To enslave; to bring into bondage.

Shak.

4. To restrain; to confine. Libertines like not to be yoked in marriage.

The words and promises that yoke

The conqueror, are quickly broke.

Hudibras.

Yoked

YO'KED, participle passive Confined in a yoke; joined; coupled.

Yoke-Elm

YO'KE-ELM, noun A tree.

Yoke-Fellow

YO'KE-FELLOW, or YO'KE-MATE, noun [yoke and fellow or mate.] An associate or companion.

2. A mate; a fellow.

Spectator.

Yoking

YO'KING, participle of the present tense Putting a yoke on; joining; coupling.

Yold

YOLD, for yielded. [Not in use.]

Spenser.

Yolk

YOLK, noun The yelk of an egg. [See Yelk.]

2. The unctuous secretion from the skin of sheep, which renders the pile soft and pliable.

Cyc.

3. The vitellus, a part of the seed of plants, so named by Gaertner, from its supposed analogy with the yelk of an egg. It is characterized as very firmly and inseparably connected with the embryo, yet never rising out of the integuments of the seed in germination, but absorbed, like the albumen, (see White and Perisperm,) for the nourishment of the embryo, When the albumen is present, it is always situated between it and the embryo. In the grasses it forms a scale between the embryo and albumen. It is considered by Smith as a subterraneous cotyledon.

Cyc. Smith.

Yon

YON, or YOND, or YON'DER, adjective [Saxon geond. This seems to be formed from gan, to go, or its root, and signifies properly gone; or it is from geonan, to open; whence distant. The German jener, and Dutch gins, ginder, may be the same word, or from the same root.]

Being at a distance within view.

Yonder men are too many for an embassy.

Bacon.

Read thy lot in yon celestial sign.

Milton.

Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green.

Milton.

Yon

YON, or YOND, or YON'DER, adverb At a distance within view. When we use this word, we often point the hand or direct the eye to the place or object.

First and chiefest, with thee bring

Him that yon soars on golden wing.

Milton.

Yonder are two apple women scolding.

Arbuthnot.

Yond

YOND, adjective Mad; furious, or alienated in mind; that is, gone, wandering, and allied to the preceding. Obs.

Spenser.

Yore

YORE, adverb [Saxon geara. It probably signifies past, gone, from the root of year.]

Long. Obs.

Spenser.

Of yore, of old time; long ago; as in times or days of yore.

But Satan now is wiser than of yore.

Pope.

You

YOU, pron. yu. [Saxon eow, iu, iuch; German Armoric chuy; Dutch gu or yu, thou. You has been considered as in the plural only, and is so treated in the Saxon grammar. But from the Belgic dialect, it appears to be in the singular as well as the plural, and our universal popular usage, in applying it to a single person with a verb in the singular number, is correct. Yourself is in the singular number.]

1. The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative or objective case. In familiar language, it is applied to an individual, as thou is in the solemn style. In the plural, it is used in the solemn style in the objective case.

In vain you tell your parting lover,

You wish fair winds may waft him over.

Prior.

He that despiseth you, despiseth me. Luke 10.

2. You is used, like on in French, for any one. This at distance looks like a rock; but as you approach it, you see a little cabin.

Young

YOUNG, a. yung. [Saxon iong, geong; German jung; Dutch jong; Swedish Danish ung; Armoric yaouncq; Welsh ieuanc; Sanscrit yuwana; Latin juvenis. Qu. Chaldee Syriac Hebrew Samaritan to suck. The Welsh makes the word a compound, and the origin is not evident.]

1. Not having been long born; being in the first part of life; not old; used of animals; as a young child; a young man; a young fawn.

2. Being in the first part of growth; as a young plant; a young tree.

3. Ignorant; weak; or rather, having little experience.

Come, elder brother, thou'rt too young in this.

Shak.

Young

YOUNG, noun The offspring of animals, either a single animal, or offspring collectively. The cow will take care of her young, as will the hen. Animals make provision for their young.

Younger

YOUNGER, a. comp. yun'ger. Not so old as another. A person of ninety years old is younger than one of a hundred, though certainly not a young man, nor in the first part of life.

Youngest

YOUNGEST, a. superl. yun'gest. Having the least age. There are three persons living, the youngest of whom is ninety years old.

Youngish

YOUNGISH, a. yung'ish. Somewhat young.

Tatler.

Youngling

YOUNGLING, n. yung'ling. [Saxon geongling.]

Any animal in the first part of life.

Dryden.

Youngly

YOUNGLY, adv. yung'ly. Early in life.

Shak.

2. Ignorantly; weakly. [Little used.]

Youngster

YOUNGSTER, n. yung'ster. A young person: a lad; a colloquial word.

Shak.

Youngth

YOUNGTH, for youth, is not in use.

Spenser.

Younker

YOUNK'ER, noun Among seamen, a stripling in the service.

Your

YOUR, a. pronom. pron. yure. [from you; Saxon eower; German euer.]

1. Belonging to you; equally applicable to both numbers; as your father; your heart; your prince; your subjects.

2. It is used indefinitely.

Your medalist and your critic are much nearer related than the world imagine.

Addison.

3. Yours is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative or objective. This book is yours. I have no pen; give me yours. My sword and yours are kin.

Shak.

Yourself

YOURSELF, pronoun plu. yourselves. [your and self.]

1. A word added to you, to express distinction emphatically between you and other persons. This work you must do yourself; or you yourself must do it; that is, you and no other person.

Sometimes it is used without you.

Allow obedience, if yourselves are old.

Shak.

2. It is used as the reciprocal pronoun. You love only yourself; you have brought this calamity on yourselves; be but yourselves.

Youth

YOUTH, n. yuth. [Saxon iuguth, iugoth, iogoth, geogath; German jugend; Dutch jougd.]

1. The part of life that succeeds to childhood. In a general sense, youth denotes the whole early part of life, from infancy to manhood; but it is not unusual to divide the stages of life into infuncy, childhood, youth, and manhood. In this sense the word can have no plural.

Those who pass their youth in vice, are justly condemned to spend their age in folly.

Rambler.

2. A young man. In this sense it has a plural.

Seven youths from Athens yearly sentÃ‚--

Dryden.

3. A young person, male or female.

4. Young persons, collectively.

It is fit to youth to read the best authors first.

B. Jonson.

Youthful

YOUTHFUL, adjective Young; as two youthful knights.

Dryden.

2. Pertaining to the early part of life; as youthful days; youthful age.

3. Suitable to the first part of life; as youthful thoughts; youthful sports.

4. Fresh; vigorous; as in youth.

Bentley.

Youthfully

YOUTHFULLY, adverb In a youthful manner.

Youthly

YOUTHLY, adjective Young; early in life. Obs.

Spenser.

Youthy

YOUTHY, adjective Young. [Bad and not used.]

Spectator.

Ypight

YPIGHT, adjective Fixed, that is, pitched. Obs.

Spenser.

Yttria

YT'TRIA, noun [so called from Ytterby, a quarry in Sweden.]

One of the earths. It has the appearance of a fine white powder, without taste or smell. It is insoluble in water, and does not affect vegetable blues. It combines with acids and forms salts. Its base is yttrium.

Cyc. Ure. Davy.

Yttrious

YT'TRIOUS, adjective Pertaining to yttria; containing yttria; as the yttrious oxyd of columbium.

Cleaveland.

Yttrium

YT'TRIUM, noun The base of yttria.

Yttro-Cerite

YTTRO-CE'RITE, noun A mineral, consisting of the oxyd of cerium, yttria, lime and fluoric acid.

Yttro-Columbite

YTTRO-COL'UMBITE, noun A mineral containing yttria.

Yttro-Tantalite

YTTRO-TAN'TALITE, noun A mineral found in kidney-form masses; an ore of tantalum.

Yuck

YUCK, verb intransitive To itch. [Local.]

Grose.

Yufts

YUFTS, noun Russia lether, prepared from ox hides in a peculiar manner.

Tooke.

Yug

YUG, or YOG, noun In the mythology of India, an age; one of the ages into which the Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the world.

Yulan

YU'LAN, noun A beautiful flowering tree of China.

Grosier.

Yule

YULE, noun [Saxon iule, geohol, gehul, geol; Armoric gouel, gouil, a feast; Welsh gwyl, a holiday.]

The name anciently given to Christmas, or the feast of the nativity of our Savior.

Yux

YUX, noun A hiccough. [Not used.]

Yux

YUX, verb intransitive To hiccough. Obs.

Z

Z

Z, the last letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant articulation, and is merely a vocal S. It bears the same relation to s, as v does to f. With us it has not a compound sound, nor is it a double consonant, as in the Italian and German. It is as simple in its sound as S.

As a numeral, Z stands for 2000, and with a dash over it, Z, for 2,000,000. It is pronounced zee.

Zabaism

ZA'BAISM. [See Sabianism.]

Zaccho

ZAC'CHO, noun The lowest part of the pedestal of a column.

Zaffer

ZAF'FER, noun The residuum of cobalt, after the sulphur, arsenic and other volatile matters have been expelled by calcination; so that it is a gray or dark gray oxyd of cobalt, mixed with a portion of silex.

Cyc.

Zany

ZA'NY, noun [Italian zanni, a buffoon.] A merry andrew; a buffoon.

Pope.

Zany

ZA'NY, verb transitive To mimic.

Beaum.

Zapote

ZAP'OTE, noun In Mexico, the generic name of fruits which are roundish and contain a hard stone; the species are various.

Zarnich

ZAR'NICH, noun [See Arsenic.] The name of a genus of fossils, which are inflammable, of a plain uniform structure, not flexible or elastic, soluble in oil, and burning with a whitish flame and noxious smell like garlic. This substance is supposed to be sulphureted arsenic. Of this genus there are four species; one the real sandarach; another is sold under the name of orpiment.

Cyc.

Zea

ZEA, noun The generic name of maiz.

Zeal

ZEAL, noun [Greek; Latin zelus.] Passionate ardor in the pursuit of any thing. Excessive zeal may rise to enthusiasm. In general, zeal is an eagerness of desire to accomplish or obtain some object, and it may be manifested either in favor of any person or thing, or in opposition to it, and in a good or bad cause.

Zeal, the blind conductor of the will.

Dryden.

They have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. Romans 10.

A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to subvert, with little care what shall be established.

Johnson.

Zealot

ZEALOT, n. zel'ot. One who engages warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor. It is generally used in dispraise, or applied to one whose ardor is intemperate and censurable. The fury of zealots was one cause of the destruction of Jerusalem.

K. Charles.

Zealotical

ZEALOT'ICAL, adjective Ardently zealous. [Little used.]

Strype.

Zealous

ZEALOUS, a. zel'us. Warmly engaged or ardent in the pursuit of an object.

Being thus saved himself, he may be zealous in the salvation of souls.

Law.

Zealously

ZEALOUSLY, adv. zel'usly. With passionate ardor; with eagerness.

It is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing. Galatians 4.

Zealousness

ZEALOUSNESS, n. zel'usness. The quality of being zealous; zeal.

Zebra

ZE'BRA, noun An animal of the genus Equus, beautifully marked with stripes; a native of Africa.

Zebu

ZE'BU, noun A variety of the common ox, with a hump on the shoulders. It is found in the E. Indies and resembles the bos Indicus, or Indian ox, but is very small, being sometimes little larger than a dog.

Cyc.

Zechin

ZE'CHIN, noun A Venetian gold coin; usually written sequin, which see. If named from Zecha, the place where minted, this is the correct orthography.

Zedoary

ZED'OARY, noun A medicinal root, belonging to a plant growing in the East Indies, whose leaves resemble those of ginger, only they are longer and broader. It comes in oblong pieces, about the thickness of the little finger, and two or three inches in length. It is a warm stomachic.

Cyc.

Zeine

ZEINE, noun A substance of a yellowish color, soft, insipid, and elastic, procured from the seeds of the Zea Mays or Indian corn.

Gorham.

Zemindar

ZEMINDAR, noun [from zem, zemin, land.] In India, a feudatory or landholder who governs a district of country and collects taxes.

Asiat. Res.

Zemindary

ZEMINDARY, noun The jurisdiction of a zemindar.

Zend

ZEND, noun A language that formerly prevailed in Persia.

Zendavesta

ZEND'AVESTA, noun Among the Persees, a sacred book ascribed to Zoroaster, and reverenced as a bible, or sole rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend, by contraction.

Zenith

ZE'NITH, noun [French; Italian zenit; Spanish zenit or cenit. I have not found the oriental original.]

That point in the visible celestial hemisphere, which is vertical to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular line passing through the spectator, and extended, would proceed to the center of the earth. It is opposed to nadir.

Zeolite

ZE'OLITE, noun [Greek, to boil, to foam, and, stone.]

A mineral, so named by Cronstedt from its intumescence before the blowpipe. Many substances have been confounded under this name, particularly such as are fusible by the blowpipe without addition, and exhibit a phosphoric brilliancy at the moment of fusion. HaÃƒ-¼y makes two species of zeolite, which he calls mesotype and stilbite. Werner makes four subspecies, which he calls mealy zeolite, fibrous zeolite, radiated zeolite, and foliated zeolite. He makes zeolite a generic name, and Jameson, who adopts this theory, arranges in this family prehnite, zeolite, apophyllite, cubicite, called by HaÃƒ-¼y analcime, chabasite, cross-stone, laumonite, dipyre, natrolite, and wavellite.

Cyc.

Zeolite commonly occurs in a four sided prism, terminated by a four sided pyramid; often in small fibrous masses.

Cleaveland.

Zeolitic

ZEOLIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to zeolite; consisting of zeolite, or resembling it.

Zeolitiform

ZEOLIT'IFORM, adjective Having the form of zeolite.

Zephyr

ZEPH'YR, noun [Latin zephyrus; Greek.] The west wind; and poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. The poets personify Zephyrus, and make him the most mild and gentle of all the sylvan deities.

Cyc.

Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes.

Milton.

Zerda

ZER'DA, noun An animal of the canine genus, found in the desert of Zaara, beyond mount Atlas. It is about ten inches in length, with a pointed nose, long whiskers, large black vivid eyes, and remarkably swift of foot. Its color is a yellowish pale brown.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Zero

ZE'RO, noun [Italian] Cipher; nothing. The point of a thermometer from which it is graduated. Zero, in the thermometers of Celsius and Reaumur, is at the point at which water congeals. The zero of Fahrenheit's thermometer is fixed at the point at which the mercury stands when immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt. In Wedgewood's pyrometer, the zero corresponds with 1077Ã‚-° on Fahrenheit's scale.

Zest

ZEST, noun [Pers. zistan, to peel. Class Sd.]

1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, used to give flavor to liquor; or the fine thin oil that spurts out of it when squeezed; also, the woody thick skin quartering the kernel of a walnut.

Cyc.

2. Relish; something that gives a pleasant taste; or the taste itself.

Zest

ZEST, verb transitive To give a relish or flavor to; to highten taste or relish.

2. To cut the peel of an orange or lemon from top to bottom into thin slips; or to squeeze the peel over the surface of any thing.

Cyc.

Zeta

ZE'TA, noun A Greek letter.

2. A little closet or chamber, with pipes running along the walls, to convey into it fresh air, or warm vapor from below.

Cyc.

Zetetic

ZETET'IC, adjective [Greek, to seek.] That seeks; that proceeds by inquiry. The zetetic method in mathematics, is that used in investigation, or the solution of problems.

Cyc.

Zeugma

ZEUG'MA, noun [Greek, from, to join. See Yoke.]

A figure in grammar by which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer word, is by way of supplement, referred to another more remote. Thus in Virgil, ``Hicillius arma, his currus fuit;' where fuit, which agrees directly with currus, is referred also to arma.

Cyc.

Zibet

ZIB'ET, noun [See Civet.] An animal of the genus Viverra; the ash-gray weasel, striated with black undulations, and an annulated tail. It may be called the Indian civet, as it resembles the African civet.

Cyc.

Zigzag

ZIG'ZAG, adjective Having short turns.

Zigzag

ZIG'ZAG, noun Something that has short turns or angles.

Zigzag

ZIG'ZAG, verb transitive To form with short turns.

Ziment water, or copper water, is a name given to water found in copper mines; water impregnated with copper.

Zimome

ZIM'OME, or ZYM'OME, noun [Greek.] One of the constituents of gluten.

Ure.

Zink

ZINK, noun [German Swedish Danish zink. The common orthography, zinc, is erroneous.]

A metal of a brilliant white color, with a shade of blue, and appearing as if composed of plates adhering together. It is not brittle, but less malleable than copper, lead or tin. When heated however, it is malleable, and may be drawn into plates.

Cyc.

Zinkiferous

ZINKIF'EROUS, adjective [zink and Latin fero.] Producing zink; as zinkiferous ore.

Journ. of Science.

Zinky

ZINK'Y, adjective Pertaining to zink, or having its appearance.

Some effervesce with acids, some not, though soluble therein, as to the zinky part.

Kirwan.

The zinky ores are said to be grayer than other ores.

Ibm.

Zircon

ZIR'CON, noun Called also jargon of Ceylon, a mineral originally found in Ceylon, in the sands of rivers, along with spinel, sapphire, tourmalin, and iron sand. Zircon, hyacinth, and zirconite, are regarded as varieties of the same species. They are essentially composed of the earth zirconia, with silex, and a minute portion of iron. The primitive form of the crystals is an octahedron, composed of two four sided prisms. The common form is a rectangular four sided prism.

HaÃƒ-¼y. Brongniart. Cyc.

Zirconia

ZIRCO'NIA, noun A peculiar earth obtained from the gem zircon; a fine white powder.

Cyc.

Zirconite

ZIR'CONITE, noun A variety of the zircon.

Zirconium

ZIRCO'NIUM, noun The metallic basis of zirconia.

Zivolo

ZIV'OLO, noun A bird resembling the yellow hammer, and by some considered as the same species.

Dict. Nat. Hist.

Zizel

ZIZ'EL, noun The suslik or earless marmot, a small quadruped found in Poland and the south of Russia.

Cuvier. Cyc.

Zocco

ZOC'CO, or ZO'CLE, or ZOC'COLO, noun [Italian zoccolo; from Latin soccus, a sock.] A square body under the base of a pedestal, &c. serving for the support of a bust, statue or column.

Cyc.

Zodiac

ZO'DIAC, noun [French zodiaque; Italian Spanish zodiaco; Latin zodiacus; Greek, from, an animal.]

A broad circle in the heavens, containing the twelve signs through which the sun passes in its annual course. The center of this belt is the ecliptic, which is the path of the sun. It intersects the equator at an angle of 23 degrees and a half or rather 29 minutes. This is called its obliquity.

2. A girdle.

Milton.

Zodiacal

ZODI'ACAL, adjective Pertaining to the zodiac.

Zodiacal light, a luminous track or space in the heavens, resembling that of the milky way, sometimes appearing after sunset and before sunrising.

Zoisite

ZOI'SITE, noun [from Van Zois, its discoverer.]

A mineral regarded as a variety of epidote. It occurs in deeply striated rhomboidal prisms, much compressed and rounded; its colors gray, yellowish or bluish gray, brown, grayish yellow, or reddish white.

Cleaveland.

This is called also a subspecies of prismatoidal augite.

Cyc. Thomson.

Zone

ZONE, noun [Latin zona; Greek.] A girdle.

An embroider'd zone surrounds her waist.

Dryden.

2. In geography, a division of the earth, with respect to the temperature of different latitudes. The zones are five; the torrid zone, extending from tropic to tropic 46Ã‚-°, 56', or 23Ã‚-° 28' on each side of the equator; two temperate or variable zones, situated between the tropics and polar circles; and two frigid zones, situated between the polar circles and the poles.

3. Circuit; circumference.

Milton.

Ciliary zone, in anatomy, the black impression of the ciliary processes on the vitreous humor of the eye.

Cyc.

Zoned

ZO'NED, adjective Wearing a zone.

Pope.

Zonnar

ZON'NAR, noun A belt or girdle, which the Christians and Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to distinguish them from the Mohammedans.

Cyc.

Zoographer

ZOOG'RAPHER, noun [See Zoography.] One who describes animals, their forms and habits.

Zoographical

ZOOGRAPH'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the description of animals.

Zoography

ZOOGRAPHY, noun [Greek, an animal, and, to describe.]

A description of animals, their forms and habits. [But zoology is generally used.]

Zoolite

ZO'OLITE, noun [Greek, an animal, and, stone.] An animal substance petrified or fossil.

Morin.

Zooloogical

ZOOLOOG'ICAL, adjective [from zoology.] Pertaining to zoology, or the science of animals.

Zoologically

ZOOLOG'ICALLY, adverb According to the principles of zoology.

Lawrence.

Zoologist

ZOOL'OGIST, noun [from zoology.] One who is well versed in the natural history of animals, or who describes animals.

Zoology

ZOOL'OGY, noun [Greek, an animal, and, discourse.]

A treatise on animals, or the science of animals; that branch of natural history which respects the forms, classification, history and habits of animals, particularly of brutes or irrational animals.

Zoonic

ZOON'IC, adjective [Greek, an animal.] Pertaining to animals; as the zoonic acid, obtained from animal substances.

Zoonomy

ZOON'OMY, noun [Greek, an animal, and, law.]

The laws of animal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations.

Darwin.

Zoophite

ZOOPHITE. [See Zoophyte.]

Zoophoric

ZOOPH'ORIC, adjective [Greek, an animal, and, to bear.]

The zoophoric column is one which supports the figure of an animal.

Zoophorus

ZOOPH'ORUS, noun [supra.] In ancient architecture, the same with the frieze in modern architecture; a part between the architrave and cornice; so called from the figures of animals carved upon it.

Dict.

Zoophyte

ZO'OPHYTE, noun [Greek, an animal, and, a plant.]

In natural history, a body supposed to partake of the nature both of an animal and a vegetable, such as madrepores, millepores, corallines, &c.

Cyc.

Zoophytological

ZOOPHYTOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to zoophytology.

Zoophytology

ZOOPHYTOL'OGY, noun [zoophyte and Greek, discourse.] The natural history of zoophytes.

Ed. Encyc.

Zootomist

ZOOT'OMIST, noun [See Zootomy.] One who dissects the bodies of brute animals; a comparative anatomist.

Zootomy

ZOOT'OMY, noun [Greek, an animal, and, to cut.]

Anatomy; particularly, the dissecting of bodies of beasts or brute animals; comparative anatomy, or the anatomy of brute animals.

Zoril

ZOR'IL, noun A fetid animal of the weasel kind, found in S. America. [In Spanish zorro is a fox, and zorillo, the whelp of a fox.]

Cyc.

Zuffolo

ZUF'FOLO, noun [Italian zufolo, from zufolare, to hiss or whistle, Latin sufflo.]

A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds.

Busby.

Zumate

ZU'MATE, noun [See Zumic.] A combination of the zumic acid and a salifiable base.

Ure.

Zumic

ZU'MIC, adjective [Greek, ferment.] The zumic acid is procured from many acescent vegetable substances.

Ure.

Zumological

ZUMOLOG'ICAL, adjective [See Zumology.] Pertaining to zumology.

Zumologist

ZUMOL'OGIST, noun One who is skilled in the fermentation of liquors.

Zumology

ZUMOL'OGY, noun [Greek, ferment, from, to ferment, and, discourse.]

A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation.

Cyc.

Zumosimeter

ZUMOSIM'ETER, noun [Greek, fermentation, and, to measure.]

An instrument proposed by Swammerdam for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.

Cyc.

Zurlite

ZUR'LITE, noun A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral, whose primitive form is a cube, or according to some authors, a rectangular prism.

Journ. of Science.

Zygodactylous

ZYGODAC'TYLOUS, adjective [Greek, to join, and, a finger.]

Having the toes disposed in pairs; distinguishing an order of fowls which have the feet furnished with two toes before and two behind, as the parrot, woodpecker, &c.

Ed. Encyc.

Zygomatic

ZYGOMAT'IC, adjective [Greek, a joining.]

Pertaining to a bone of the head, called also os jugale, or cheek bone, or to the bony arch under which the temporal muscle passes. The term zygoma is applied both to the bone and the arch.

Cyc.

Zygomatic arch. [See Zygomatic.]

Zygomatic bone, the cheek bone.

Zygomatic muscles, two muscles of the face, which rise from the zygomatic bone, and are inserted into the corner of the mouth.

Zygomatic processes, the processes of the temporal and cheek bones, which unite to form the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic suture, the suture which joins the zygomatic processes of the temporal and cheek bones.

Parr.

Abandon

ABANDON.

5. In commerce, to relinquish to insurers all claim to a ship or goods insured, as a preliminary towards recovering for a total loss.

Park.

Abandonment

ABANDONMENT.

2. In commerce, the relinquishing to underwriters all the property saved from loss by shipwreck, capture or other peril stated in the policy. This abandonment must be made before the insured can demand indemnification for a total loss.

Park.

Able

ABLE. [Norm. ablez, hable; habler, to enable, from Latin habilis.]

Abscission

ABSCISSION.

2. In rhetoric, a figure of speech, when having begun to say a thing, a speaker stops abruptly, as supposing the matter sufficiently understood. Thus, ``He is a man of so much honor and candor, and such generosityÃ‚--but I need say no more.'

Algates

AL'GATES, adverb [Saxon algeats; all and geat, a gait, a way.] By all means; on any terms. Obs.

Alienism

ALIENISM, n. al'yenizm. The state of being an alien.

The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism.

Kent.

Allodium

ALLO'DIUM. [add to the etymology what follows.]

[In Swedish odal, and in Danish odel, signify allodial; the word being used as an adjective; Swedish odalgods, that is, odal goods, signifies allodial lands; and odaljord, odal earth, is used as its synonym. Odalm?n, is one who possesses allodial land; odalbonde is a yeoman or freeholder; odelt signifies undivided; o in Swedish being a prefix, answering to the English un, and giving to words a negative signification. If o in odal is this prefix, and dal from the root of deal, the word signifies undivided. But some obscurity rests on this word.]

Amatorious

AMATO'RIOUS, adjective Pertaining to love.

Milton.

Ambilevous

AMBIL'EVOUS, adjective [Latin ambo, both, and loevus, left.] Left handed on both sides. [Not in use.]

Brown.

Ancient

ANCIENT. We usually apply both ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never the old sun, old stars, an old river or mountain.

Animalize

ANIMALIZE.

2. To convert into animal matter.

Answer

ANSWER.

8. The reply of a legislative body or house to an address or message of the supreme magistrate.

Approaching

APPROACHING, participle of the present tense Drawing nearer; advancing nearer.

Apron

APRON.

6. A piece of lether or other thing to be spread before a person riding in a gig, chaise or sulky, to defend him from rain, snow or dust.

Are

ARE, noun [Latin area.] In France, a measure, the new square perch, containing a hundred square meters, a little less than two square perches of 22 feet, in the ancient measure.

Lunier.

Atrocious

ATROCIOUS.

Very grievous; violent; as atrocious distempers. Obs.

Cheyne.

Autochthon

AUTOCH'THON, noun [Greek.] One who rises or grows out of the earth.

Barratrous

BAR'RATROUS, adjective Tainted with barratry.

Barratrously

BAR'RATROUSLY, adverb In a barratrous manner.

Kent.

Barreled

BARRELED.

2. In composition, having a barrel or tube; as a double-barreled gun.

Basilical

BASIL'ICAL, a. s as z. In the manner of a public edifice or cathedral.

Forsyth.

Bawler

BAWL'ER, noun One who bawls.

Bareheadedness

BA'REHEADEDNESS, noun State of being bareheaded.

Beastish

BE'ASTISH, adjective Like a beast; brutal.

Bettering-House

BET'TERING-HOUSE, noun A house for the reformation of offenders.

Bewailer

BEWA'ILER, noun One who laments.

Bleakish

BLE'AKISH, adjective Moderately bleak.

Bonus

BO'NUS, noun [Latin] A premium given for a charter or other privilege granted to a company.

Bookstore

BOOK'STORE, noun A shop where books are sold.

Blebby

BLEB'BY, adjective Full of blebs.

Phillips.

Breakfast

BREAKFAST, v. t. brek'fast. To furnish with the first meal in the morning.

Brutism

BRU'TISM, noun The nature or characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme stupidity or beastly vulgarity.

Dwight.

Burglarian

BURGLA'RIAN, noun A person guilty of burglary.

Capsule

CAPSULE.

2. A small saucer, made of clay for roasting samples of ores, or for melting them.

Cementitious

CEMENTI'TIOUS, adjective Having the quality of cementing.

Forsyth.

Ceremonially

CEREMO'NIALLY, adverb According to rites and ceremonies; as a person ceremonially unclean; an act ceremonially unlawful.

Milton.

Chunk

CHUNK, noun A short thick piece of wood. [Colloquial.]

Chyliferous

CHYLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin chylus and fero.] Transmitting chyle.

Cheyne.

Chymification

CHYMIFICA'TION, noun The process of becoming or of forming chyme.

Chymfied

CHYM'FIED, participle passive Formed into chyme.

Good.

Chymify

CHYM'IFY, verb transitive To form into chyme.

Circumstantial

CIRCUMSTAN'TIAL, noun Circumstantials, in the plural, are things incident to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed to essentials; as the circumstantials of religion.

Addison.

Close communion, with baptists, communion in the Lord's supper with their own sect only.

Close election, an election in which the votes for different candidates are nearly equal.

Co-Adjutorship

CO-ADJU'TORSHIP, noun State of a coadjutor; joint assistance.

Pope.

Cog

COG. To the etymology add. after wheel; Swedish kugge.

Cohesibility

COHESIBIL'ITY, noun The tendency which one part of matter evinces to unite with another part of matter, so as to form, out of different bodies, one common mass. It is opposed to divisibility.

Good.

Cohesible

COHE'SIBLE, adjective Capable of cohesion.

Concentrate

CONCENTRATE.

2. To increase the specific gravity of a body.

Conduction

CONDUCTION.

2. Transmission through or by means of a conductor.

Henry's Chim.

Craniognomy

CRANIOG'NOMY, noun [Greek, Latin cranium, the skull, and Greek, index.]

The doctrine or science of determining the properties or characteristics of the mind by the conformation of the skull.

Good.

Dactylar

DAC'TYLAR, adjective Pertaining to a dactyl; reducing from three to two syllables.

Scott.

Denarcotize

DEN`ARCOTIZE, verb transitive [de and narcotic.] To deprive of the narcotic principle or quality; as, to denarcotize opium.

Journ. of Science.

Depositary

DEPOSITARY.

2. In law, one to whom goods are bailed to be kept for the bailor without a recompense.

Kent.

Digestibility

DIGESTIBIL'ITY, noun The quality of being digestible.

Diminishable

DIMIN'ISHABLE, adjective Capable of being reduced in size or quantity.

Dishonor

DISHONOR, verb transitive

4. To refuse or decline to accept or pay; as, to dishonor a bill of exchange.

Disobligement

DISOBLI'GEMENT, noun The act of disobliging.

Milton.

Dissociable

DISSOCIABLE.

2. Incongruous; not reconcilable with.

Warburton.

Dormant partner, in commerce and manufactories, a partner who takes no share in the active business of a company or partnership, but is entitled to a share of the profits and subject to a share in losses. He is called also sleeping partner.

Duffel

DUF'FEL, noun [Dutch] A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze.

Dynamics

DYNAM'ICS, noun [Greek, power.] That branch of mechanical philosophy which treats of the force of moving bodies; the science of moving powers, and the effect of moving bodies acting on each other and producing motion.

Emphasize

EM'PHASIZE, verb transitive To utter or pronounce with a particular or more forcible stress of voice; as, to emphasize a word, for the purpose of rendering the sense more distinct or impressive than other words in the sentence.

Enable

ENABLE. [Norm. enhabler. See Able.]

Episodically

EPISOD'ICALLY, adverb By way of episode.

Scott.

Etherialize

ETHE'RIALIZE, verb transitive To convert into ether, or into a very subtil fluid.

Good.

Etherialized

ETHE'RIALIZED, participle passive Converted into ether or a very subtil fluid; as an etherialized and incorporeal substrate.

Good.

Extra-Dotal

EXTRA-DO'TAL, adjective Not belonging to dower paraphernal.

Kent.

Eyestone

EYESTONE, noun A small calcarious stone used for taking substances from between the lid and ball of the eye.

Footstalk

FOOT'STALK, noun [foot and stalk.] In botany, a petiole; a partial stem supporting the leaf, or connecting it with the stem or branch. Sometimes, but rarely, the same footstalk supports both the leaf and fructification, as in Turnera and Hibiscus.

Martyn.

Gang

GANG, noun [Saxon Dutch Danish German gang; Swedish gÃƒ-¥ng, a going, a pace or gait, a way, a passage an alley, an avenue, a porch, portico or gallery; German erzreicher gang, and Danish mineralisk gang, a metallic vein, a streak in a mine; Gothic gagg, a way or street; gaggan, to go, to walk.]

3. In mining, literally a course or vein, but appropriately the earthy, stony, saline or combustible substance which contains the ore of metals, or is only mingled with it, without being chimically combined. This is called the gang or matrix of the ore. It differs from a mineralizer, in not being combined with the metal.

Cleaveland.

[This word, in the latter sense, is most unwarrantably and erroneously written gangue.]

Geodiferous

GEODIF'EROUS, adjective [geode and Latin fero.] Producing geodes.

Geogonic

GEOGON'IC, adjective Pertaining to geogony, or the formation of the earth.

Humboldt.

Grave

GRAVE.

5. Important; momentous; having a serious and interesting import.

Lord Eldon. Kent.

Hexadactylous

HEXADAC'TYLOUS, adjective [Greek and.] Having six toes.

Impotence

IM'POTENCE. [Latin impotentia; in and potentia, from potens, from the root of Latin possum, posse, which consists of the elements Pd or Pt. See Power.]

Intendedly

INTEND'EDLY, adverb With intention or purpose; by design.

Milton.

Joint stock, the capital or fund of a company or partnership in business.

Life

LIFE.

26. The state of being in force, or the term for which an instrument has legal operation; as the life of an execution.

Magnifically

MAGNIF'ICALLY, adverb In a magnificent manner.

Mandatary

MAN'DATARY.

3. In law, one who undertakes, without a recompense, to do some act for another in respect to the thing bailed to him.

Kent.

Monarchize

MONARCHIZE.

2. To convert to a monarchy.

Milton.

Monitorial

MONITO'RIAL, adjective Relating to a monitor.

2. Performed by monitors or a monitor; as monitorial instruction.

3. Conducted by or under the instruction of monitors, or subordinate teachers; as monitorial schools.

Monodactylous

MONODAC'TYLOUS, adjective [Greek and.] Having one toe only, as an animal.

Monodist

MON'ODIST, noun One who writes a monody.

Scott.

Nitrification

NITRIFICA'TION, noun The process of forming niter.

Nitrify

NI'TRIFY, verb transitive [niter and Latin facio.] To form into niter.

Numerously

NU'MEROUSLY, adverb In great numbers.

Object

OBJECT.

3. To offer; to exhibit. [Little used.]

Warburton.

Obnoxious

OBNOXIOUS.

6. Hurtful; noxious.

Milton.

Paraphernal

PARAPHER'NAL, adjective Pertaining to or consisting in parapherna; as paraphernal property.

Kent.

Palsy

PAL'SY, v. t. s as z. To paralyze; to deprive of the power of motion; to destroy energy.

Dwight.

Postnuptial

POSTNUP'TIAL, adjective [post and nuptial.] Being or happening after marriage; as a postnuptial settlement on a wife.

Kent.

Prairy

PRA'IRY, noun [French prairie.] An extensive tract of land, mostly level, destitute of trees, and covered with tall coarse grass. These prairies are numerous in the United States, west of the Alleghany mountains, especially between the Ohio, Mississippi and the great lakes.

Prize

PRIZE, verb transitive To raise with a lever. [See Pry.]

Proven

PROVEN, a word used by Scottish writers for proved.

Pyrrhin

PYR'RHIN, noun [Greek.] A vegeto-animal substance, detected in rain water by M. Brandes.

Journ. of Science.

Racket

RACK'ET, noun A snow shoe.

Re-Imprison

RE-IMPRIS'ON, verb transitive [See Prison.] To imprison a second time, or for the same cause, or after release from imprisonment.

Kent.

Re-Imprisoned

RE-IMPRIS'ONED, participle passive Imprisoned a second time for the same cause.

Re-Imprisoning

RE-IMPRIS'ONING, participle of the present tense Imprisoning again for the same cause.

Re-Imprisonment

RE-IMPRIS'ONMENT, noun The act of confining in prison a second time for the same cause, after a release from prison.

Kent.

Salutatory

SALU'TATORY, adjective Greeting; an epithet applied to the oration which introduces the exercises of commencement in American colleges.

Sea-Worthiness

SE'A-WORTHINESS, noun The state of being able to resist the ordinary violence of wind and weather; as that of a ship.

Kent.

Sideroscope

SID'EROSCOPE, noun [Greek, iron, and, to view or explore.]

An instrument lately invented in France, for detecting small quantities of iron in any substance, mineral, vegetable or animal.

Ferrusac's Bul. 1827.

Skimington

SKIM'INGTON, or SKIM'ITRY, a vulgar word from the Danish skiemt, a jest or sport; skiemter, to jest, joke, sport; used in the phrase, to ride skimington or skimitry.

Stockholder

STOCK'HOLDER, noun [stock and hold.] One who is a proprietor of stock in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other company.

Synergetic

SYNERGET'IC, adjective [Greek.] Cooperating.

Dean Tucker.

Tegumentary

TEGUMENT'ARY, adjective Pertaining to teguments, or consisting of teguments.

Noah Webster

Introduction

Biography

Noah Webster House on Main Street

Noah's Schooling

Noah the Married Man

Noah the Teacher

Political Vision

Dining with President Andrew Jackson in the White House

Meeting George Washington

Federalist Editor

Copyright Bill

Blue Backed Speller

Dictionary

Publication

Impact

Religious views

Opposition to Slavery

Family

A Man of Varied Predictability

Notes

References

Primary Sources

Introduction

Noah Webster in an 1833 portrait by James Herring

Born: Noah Webster, Jr.; October 16, 1758; West Hartford, Connecticut, British America Died: May 28, 1843 (aged 84); New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Resting place: Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut Residence: Hartford, Connecticut, New York City; New Haven, Connecticut Alma mater: Yale University Occupation: Lexicographer; Author; Connecticut state representative Political party: Federalist Religion: Christianity (Congregationalist) Spouse: Rebecca Greenleaf Webster (m. 1789) Children: 8

Noah Webster one of the most unappreciated men in American history. Our great military heroes and statesmen we remember. Even our writers if they write novels. But an author of a speller? A dictionary? Noah Webster belongs in the American Hall of Fame.a

Webster's life span of some 85 years is intensely interesting. Webster was sometimes pompous, often just plain pig-headed and stubborn; he grew increasingly conservative in both politics and religion. He was a complex man, with both virtues and vices. But one virtue he had above all others: a love of country, which was apparent throughout the entire 65 years of his adult life.a

Noah Webster, Jr. (October 16, 1758 - May 28, 1843), was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education". His blue-backed speller books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read, secularizing their education. According to Ellis (1979) he gave Americans "a secular catechism to the nation-state".¹

Webster's name has become synonymous with "dictionary" in the United States, especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language. He is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the nation.²

Biography

Noah Webster's forbearers migrated to America in the seventeenth century. The name Webster, English in origin, means female weaver. There is a lot of confusion between Noah and Daniel Webster, but there was no relationship between them. Daniel Webster is best known as a lawyer, a member of Congress, a secretary of state, and perhaps the greatest orator of the first half of the nineteenth century. Noah Webster's fame is quite different: it rests on his pen.a

Webster was born in West Hartford, Connecticut, to an established family. His father, Noah Sr. (1722-1813), was a descendant of Connecticut Governor John Webster; his mother Mercy (née Steele; 1727-1794) was a descendant of Governor William Bradford of Plymouth Colony.³ So Noah Webster, Jr. had a distinguished background with two governors in his past. His father was primarily a farmer though he was also deacon of the local Congregational church, captain of the town's militia, and a founder of a local book society—a precursor to the public library.⁴ After American independence, he was appointed a justice of the peace.⁵Noah Sr. lived to the ripe old age of 91. Noah and Mercy Webster had five children: Mercy, Abraham, Jerusha, Noah and Charles. Longevity was common in this family. The five children lived until the ages of 70, 80, 70, 85 and 55, an average life span of 72 years.a

The Noah Webster House on South Main Streeta

We don't know who built the house, or exactly when, but it was probably built by Noah, Senior. It was part of a farm of about 90 acres. At the time of Noah Junior's birth, the house had only four rooms. The lean-to addition was added in 1787 and in the nineteenth century, a series of ells were built. An ell used to be where the changing exhibit gallery is now.

Barber print of Noah Webster House

Noah Webster, Sr. sold the house to the Hurlburts in 1790. They held it through the nineteenth century. In 1899 they sold it to the Tilletsons, and they sold it to the Hamiltons in 1909. The Hamiltons were the last ones to live in the house. Fred, who was a member of the Noah Webster Board of Trustees, remembers looking out back and being able to see right to Ridgewood Road. Only pasture lay between this house and that road. The Hamiltons gave the house to the town in 1962, and at that point the house literally began to die, and continued to deteriorate until the Noah Webster Foundation formed in 1965 and began restoring the house.a

This is a modest four-room center chimney house that Webster lived in, two above and two below. In 1763 eight people lived in the house. This included Noah, Sr. and his wife Mercy, their five children Mercy 14, Abraham 12, Jerusha 7, Noah 5, Charles 1 and Grandmother Steele. Family meant a lot to people of that period, and they lived very close together.

Noah Webster painted by Samuel F. B. Morse

Though Webster's father never attended college, he was intellectually curious and prized education; his mother spent long hours teaching Noah and his siblings spelling, mathematics and music.⁶ At the age of six, Webster began attending a dilapidated one room primary school that had been built by West Hartford's Ecclesiastical Society. Many years later, he described the teachers as the "dregs of humanity" and complained that the instruction was mainly in religion.⁷ Webster's negative experiences in primary school motivated him to improve the education experience of future generations.⁸

At the age of fourteen, he began receiving tutoring in Latin and Greek from his church pastor to prepare for entrance to Yale College.⁹ He enrolled at Yale just shy of his 16th birthday, studying during his senior year with the learned Ezra Stiles, Yale's president. His four years at Yale overlapped with the American Revolutionary War, and because of food shortages and threatened invasions by the British, many of his college classes were held in other towns. He served in the Connecticut Militia. His father had mortgaged the farm to send Webster to Yale, but the son was now on his own and had no more to do with his family.¹⁰

Webster lacked firm career plans after graduating from Yale in 1778, later writing that a liberal education "disqualifies a man for business".¹¹ He briefly taught school in Glastonbury, found the working conditions to be harsh and the pay low, then left to study law to increase in earning power.¹² While studying law under the mentorship of Oliver Ellsworth, the future U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, Webster held a full-time job teaching in Hartford—a schedule he found grueling, and ultimately impossible to sustain.

After quitting his legal studies for a year and lapsing into a depression, he found another practicing attorney to mentor him, completing his studies and passing the bar examination in 1781.¹³ However, with the Revolutionary War still ongoing, he could not find employment as a lawyer. He picked up a masters degree from Yale for giving an oral dissertation to the Yale graduating class, and later that year opened a small, private school in western Connecticut that was an instant success, though he quickly closed it and left town—likely due to a failed romance.¹⁴ Turning to literary work as a way to overcome his losses and channel his ambitions,¹⁵ he began writing a series of well-received articles for a prominent New England newspaper justifying and praising the American Revolution and arguing that the separation from Britain was permanent.¹⁶ He then founded a private school catering to wealthy parents in Goshen, New York, and by 1785, he had written his speller, a grammar book and a reader for elementary schools.¹⁷ Proceeds from continuing sales of the popular blue-backed speller enabled Webster to spend many years working on his famous dictionary.¹⁸

Webster's New Haven home, where he wrote An American Dictionary of the English Language. Now relocated to Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan. (Photo by Andrew Balet)

Noah's Schoolinga

We know little about Noah's early life. He probably began school at the age of seven, which was typical. This schooling would continue as long as the father would permit it. For most common people, boys were expected to work full-time on the farm at the age of about 10 or 11. When Noah reached the age of 14, in 1772, we have the first recorded evidence of his scholarly potential. In the eighteenth century the best educated man in a community would be the Congregational minister, who had usually gone to Yale or Harvard. He frequently used his knowledge to train boys who might aspire to attend college. Such a minister was the Reverend Nathan Perkins, minister of the West Division's Congregational Church. (Perkins went to what is now Princeton). We don't know whether Perkins found Webster or if Webster applied to Perkins, but they found each other. Webster requested that the pastor help him in preparing for entrance to Yale. From the moment that Webster began to learn Latin (and you couldn't be educated without knowing Latin), he was a scholar. He was taken to books; he loved to read and exhibited this throughout the rest of his life. Noah was the only one in his family who went beyond a grammar school education.

After two years of tutoring by Perkins, at the age of 16, Noah went off to Yale. Sixteen was the typical college entrance age at that time. Noah started college at an exciting time in 1774. The Boston Tea Party had just occurred, the Coercive Acts had been passed and it was clear that we were headed toward a war. Before he was well into his first classes, the shots heard round the world had been fired at Lexington.

Webster's class of 1778 was a very distinguished one, with Noah himself, Joel Barlow and Oliver Wolcott. Nathan Hale was a senior when Noah's class entered Yale.

On June 15, 1775 the Continental Congress appointed George Washington Commander in Chief of the American Army, which was laying siege to Boston. He was sent up to Boston to take command, and as he passed through New Haven, Webster got his first glimpse of Washington. Webster later boasted that the Yale students serenaded the Commander in Chief, and Noah played the flute.

Noah Webster did not see active duty during the war. The one chance he had was the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. General Burgoyne was surrounded by American troops; the call went to New England that he was trapped, and that New England should send all of the men that they could. Webster, his two brothers and his father set out for Saratoga to join that battle, but as they were approaching, they got the word that Burgoyne had been taken and that the Americans had captured about 5,000 redcoats.

Webster graduated from Yale in 1778 and decided to take up the law. This was a very controversial time in his life. According to his diary, he went to his father to ask for financial assistance, and his father, in effect, turned him down. He gave him some worthless Continental Currency and said, "This is all I can do for you; I can do no more." Then Noah went to his room for several days to try to figure this thing out.

Noah the Married Mana

Noah Webster married Rebecca Greenleaf of Boston, whom he always called Becca. His diary offers a running account of his romance with Becca in the spring of 1787. They had a normal two year courtship and were married in 1789. They spent Thanksgiving of that year at this house, and that may well have been their last visit to Noah's birthplace, since Noah Senior sold the house in 1790.

Romantic letters from Noah to Rebecca, attesting to their loving relationship, are part of the historical collections at the Noah Webster House, as well as the Webster ring. The center of this ring contains hair, believed to be that of Noah and Rebecca. On the back an inscription reads:

Noah Webster
Rebecca Webster

Noah the Teachera

Since he could not go into law immediately, Webster went into teaching. He possibly taught first in Glastonbury and then taught in Hartford for a while and lived with Oliver Ellsworth, one of the state's most distinguished jurists. In those days most potential lawyers did not go to law school. Instead they "read law," residing with a lawyer and learning from him, his books and records. Webster did this with Ellsworth.

In 1779-1780, he taught in the West Division and lived in this house. During that winter, we get the first glimpse of the Noah Webster to be. Elementary education was in a deplorable state. The one room school house was a very poor system of education. The school houses were usually ill-heated, ill-lit, the textbooks were poorly written and scarce, the teachers were ill-paid, and the guiding rule of the school house was "spare the rod and spoil the child." A class might have 50-70 students aged 6-16.

Most teachers were discouraged by the situation and so was Webster, but unlike most others, he sat down and wrote an essay. Throughout his life, whenever he saw something that he felt needed correction, he wrote something about it in the form of an essay. He saw this as a challenge. Webster felt that Americans should have their own text books, and that they should not rely on English textbooks. He also felt that Americans should have copyright laws to protect authors. He believed that Americans should have their own dictionary. Webster wrote, "People never misapply their economy so much as when they make mean provisions for the education of children." He went on to say that teachers should spare the rod and encourage students to learn. "The pupil should have nothing to discourage him."

He continued to study law, passed the bar in 1781 and returned to teaching, this time in Sharon, CT and later in Goshen, NY. He started to draft the "Blue-Backed Speller" and completed it in 1783. After he published the "Blue-Backed Speller," he opened a law office in Hartford but spent most of his time petitioning legislatures for adoption of copyright law and promoting the "Speller."

Political Vision

Webster was by nature a revolutionary, seeking American independence from the cultural thralldom to Britain. To replace it he sought to create a utopian America, cleansed of luxury and ostentation and the champion of freedom.¹⁹ By 1781, Webster had an expansive view of the new nation. American nationalism was superior to Europe because American values were superior, he claimed.²⁰

America sees the absurdities—she sees the kingdoms of Europe, disturbed by wrangling sectaries, or their commerce, population and improvements of every kind cramped and retarded, because the human mind like the body is fettered 'and bound fast by the chords of policy and superstition': She laughs at their folly and shuns their errors: She founds her empire upon the idea of universal toleration: She admits all religions into her bosom; She secures the sacred rights of every individual; and (astonishing absurdity to Europeans!) she sees a thousand discordant opinions live in the strictest harmony ... it will finally raise her to a pitch of greatness and lustre, before which the glory of ancient Greece and Rome shall dwindle to a point, and the splendor of modern Empires fade into obscurity.

Webster dedicated his Speller and Dictionary to providing an intellectual foundation for American nationalism. From 1787 to 1789 Webster was an outspoken supporter of the new Constitution. In October 1787, he wrote a pamphlet titled "An Examination into the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution Proposed by the Late Convention Held at Philadelphia", published under the pen name "A Citizen of America".²¹ The pamphlet was influential, particularly outside New York State.

In terms of political theory, he deemphasized virtue (a core value of republicanism) and emphasized widespread ownership of property (a key element of liberalism). He was one of the few Americans who paid much attention to the French theorist Jean Jacques Rousseau. It was not Rousseau's politics but his ideas on pedagogy in Emile (1762) that influenced Webster in adjusting his Speller to the stages of a child's development.²²

Dining with President Andrew Jackson in the White Housea

When he was ready to publish the book, he found that there were no federal copyright laws. Any one could make copies, and he would get no income from it. This was because the Federation Government that existed then did not have the power to pass a copyright law. Therefore, if he wanted protection of his books, Webster would have to go to every state and get every state legislature to grant him a copyright. Under the new Constitution of 1789, that was changed, partially as a result of Webster's work. In 1790 our congress passed the first federal copyright law, which granted 14 years of protection.

Webster continued to work for better copyright legislation for the rest of his life. His efforts were rewarded in the 1830-1831 congressional session, when congress seemed ready to improve the law. Webster was a distinguished man of letters, and people listened to him. He received three honors in Washington: he was allowed to address Congress in person on the copyright question, he was invited to dine at the White House with President Andrew Jackson, and he watched as the new bill was passed into law. The new law granted protection of the author or his heirs for 28 years, with the right of renewal for another 14 years.

Webster described his dinner at the White House in uncomplimentary ways. "The president asked me to dine with him and I could not well avoid it. We sat down at 6:00 and rose at 8:00. The president was very sociable and placed me, as a stranger, at his right hand. The party, mostly members of the two houses, consisted of about 30. The table was garnished with artificial flowers placed in gilt urns, supported by female figures on gilt waiters. We had a great variety of dishes, French and Italian cooking. I do not know the names of one of them. I wonder at our great men who introduce foreign customs to the great annoyance of American guests. To avoid annoyance as much as possible, the practice is to dine at home and go to the president's to see and be seen, to talk and to nibble fruit and to drink very good wine. As to dining at the president's table, in the true sense of the word, there is no such thing."

Meeting George Washingtona

Webster felt that the American central government, the Articles of Confederation, was too weak. He found with his copyright experiences that a weak central government, granted few powers by the states, was dangerous. In his 1785 publication, Sketches of American Policy, Webster tried to convince people to call another convention to draft an amended form of the confederation, or a new plan of government. Webster showed the sketches to George Washington at Mount Vernon, and Washington showed them to James Madison. So clearly, the Sketches had something to do with the calling of the convention and the framing of the constitution.

Federalist Editor

To the Friends of Literature in the United States, Webster's prospectus for his first dictionary of the English language, 1807-1808

Webster married well and had joined the elite in Hartford but did not have much money. In 1793, Alexander Hamilton lent him $1,500 to move to New York City to edit the leading Federalist Party newspaper. In December, he founded New York's first daily newspaper, American Minerva (later known as the Commercial Advertiser), and edited it for four years, writing the equivalent of 20 volumes of articles and editorials. He also published the semi-weekly publication, The Herald, A Gazette for the country (later known as The New York Spectator).

As a Federalist spokesman, he was repeatedly denounced by the Jeffersonian Republicans as "a pusillanimous, half-begotten, self-dubbed patriot", "an incurable lunatic", and "a deceitful newsmonger ... Pedagogue and Quack". Rival Federalist pamphleteer "Peter Porcupine" (William Cobbett) said Webster's pro-French views made him "a traitor to the cause of Federalism", calling him "a toad in the service of sans-cullottism", "a prostitute wretch", "a great fool, and a barefaced liar", "a spiteful viper", and "a maniacal pedant". Webster, the consummate master of words, was distressed. Even the use of words like "the people", "democracy", and "equality" in public debate bothered him, for such words were "metaphysical abstractions that either have no meaning, or at least none that mere mortals can comprehend".²³

Webster followed French radical thought and urged a neutral foreign policy when France and Britain went to war in 1793. But when French minister Citizen Genêt set up a network of pro-Jacobin "Democratic-Republican Societies" that entered American politics and attacked President Washington, Webster condemned them. He called on fellow Federalist editors to "all agree to let the clubs alone—publish nothing for or against them. They are a plant of exotic and forced birth: the sunshine of peace will destroy them".²⁴ He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1799.²⁵

For decades, he was one of the most prolific authors in the new nation, publishing textbooks, political essays, a report on infectious diseases, and newspaper articles for his Federalist party. He wrote so much that a modern bibliography of his published works required 655 pages. He moved back to New Haven in 1798; he was elected as a Federalist to the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1800 and 1802-1807.

Copyright Bill

Politician Daniel Webster was Noah Webster's distant relative; he sponsored Noah's proposed copyright bill.²⁶ The first major statutory revision of U.S. copyright law, the 1831 Act was a result of intensive lobbying by Noah Webster and his agents in Congress.²⁷ Webster also played a critical role lobbying individual states throughout the country during the 1780s to pass the first American copyright laws, which were expected to have distinct nationalistic implications for the infant nation.²⁸

Blue Backed Speller

As a teacher, he had come to dislike American elementary schools. They could be overcrowded, with up to seventy children of all ages crammed into one-room schoolhouses. They had poor underpaid staff, no desks, and unsatisfactory textbooks that came from England. Webster thought that Americans should learn from American books, so he began writing a three volume compendium, A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. The work consisted of a speller (published in 1783), a grammar (published in 1784), and a reader (published in 1785). His goal was to provide a uniquely American approach to training children. His most important improvement, he claimed, was to rescue "our native tongue" from "the clamour²⁹ of pedantry" that surrounded English grammar and pronunciation. He complained that the English language had been corrupted by the British aristocracy, which set its own standard for proper spelling and pronunciation.³⁰ Webster rejected the notion that the study of Greek and Latin must precede the study of English grammar. The appropriate standard for the American language, argued Webster, was "the same republican principles as American civil and ecclesiastical constitutions". This meant that the people-at-large must control the language; popular sovereignty in government must be accompanied by popular usage in language.

The Speller was arranged so that it could be easily taught to students, and it progressed by age. From his own experiences as a teacher, Webster thought the Speller should be simple and gave an orderly presentation of words and the rules of spelling and pronunciation. He believed students learned most readily when he broke a complex problem into its component parts and had each pupil master one part before moving to the next. Ellis argues that Webster anticipated some of the insights currently associated with Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Webster said that children pass through distinctive learning phases in which they master increasingly complex or abstract tasks. Therefore, teachers must not try to teach a three-year-old how to read; they could not do it until age five. He organized his speller accordingly, beginning with the alphabet and moving systematically through the different sounds of vowels and consonants, then syllables, then simple words, then more complex words, then sentences.³¹

The speller was originally titled The First Part of the Grammatical Institute of the English Language. Over the course of 385 editions in his lifetime, the title was changed in 1786 to The American Spelling Book, and again in 1829 to The Elementary Spelling Book. Most people called it the "Blue-Backed Speller" because of its blue cover, and for the next one hundred years, Webster's book taught children how to read, spell, and pronounce words. It was the most popular American book of its time; by 1837 it had sold 15 million copies, and some 60 million by 1890—reaching the majority of young students in the nation's first century. Its royalty of a half-cent per copy was enough to sustain Webster in his other endeavors. It also helped create the popular contests known as spelling bees.

Handwritten drafts of dictionary entries by Webster

As time went on, Webster changed the spellings in the book to more phonetic ones. Most of them already existed as alternative spellings.³² He chose spellings like defense, color and traveler, and changed the re to er in words like center. He also changed tongue to the older spelling tung, but this did not catch on.³³

Part three of his Grammatical Institute (1785) was a reader designed to uplift the mind and "diffuse the principles of virtue and patriotism".³⁴

"In the choice of pieces", he explained, "I have not been inattentive to the political interests of America. Several of those masterly addresses of Congress, written at the commencement of the late Revolution, contain such noble, just, and independent sentiments of liberty and patriotism, that I cannot help wishing to transfuse them into the breasts of the rising generation."

Students received the usual quota of Plutarch, Shakespeare, Swift, and Addison, as well as such Americans as Joel Barlow's Vision of Columbus, Timothy Dwight's Conquest of Canaan, and John Trumbull's poem M'Fingal. He included excerpts from Tom Paine's The Crisis and an essay by Thomas Day calling for the abolition of slavery in accord with the Declaration of Independence.

Webster's Speller was entirely secular by design.³⁵ It ended with two pages of important dates in American history, beginning with Columbus's in 1492 and ending with the battle of Yorktown in 1781. There was no mention of God, the Bible, or sacred events. "Let sacred things be appropriated for sacred purposes", wrote Webster. As Ellis explains, "Webster began to construct a secular catechism to the nation-state. Here was the first appearance of 'civics' in American schoolbooks. In this sense, Webster's speller becoming what was to be the secular successor to The New England Primer with its explicitly biblical injunctions".³⁶ Later in life Webster became intensely religious and added religious themes. However after 1840 Webster's books lost market share to the McGuffey Eclectic Readers of William Holmes McGuffey, which sold over 120 million copies.³⁷

Noah Webster, The Schoolmaster of the Republic. (1886)

Vincent P. Bynack (1984) examines Webster in relation to his commitment to the idea of a unified American national culture that would stave off the decline of republican virtues and solidarity. Webster acquired his perspective on language from such theorists as Maupertuis, Michaelis, and Herder. There he found the belief that a nation's linguistic forms and the thoughts correlated with them shaped individuals' behavior. Thus the etymological clarification and reform of American English promised to improve citizens' manners and thereby preserve republican purity and social stability. This presupposition animated Webster's Speller and Grammar.³⁸

Dictionary

Publication

In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. In 1807 Webster began compiling an expanded and fully comprehensive dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language; it took twenty-six years to complete. To evaluate the etymology of words, Webster learned twenty-eight languages, including Old English (Anglo-Saxon), Gothic, German, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, Dutch, Welsh, Russian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit. Webster hoped to standardize American speech, since Americans in different parts of the country used different languages. They also spelled, pronounced, and used English words differently.³⁹

Noah Webster honored on US Postage stamp, issue of 1958

Webster completed his dictionary during his year abroad in 1825 in Paris, France, at the University of Cambridge. His book contained seventy thousand words, of which twelve thousand had never appeared in a published dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, Webster preferred spellings that matched pronunciation better. In A Companion to the American Revolution (2008), John Algeo notes: "it is often assumed that characteristically American spellings were invented by Noah Webster. He was very influential in popularizing certain spellings in America, but he did not originate them. Rather... he chose already existing options such as center, color and check on such grounds as simplicity, analogy or etymology".³² He also added American words, like "skunk" and "squash", that did not appear in British dictionaries. At the age of seventy, Webster published his dictionary in 1828, registering the copyright on April 14.⁴⁰

Though it now has an honored place in the history of American English, Webster's first dictionary only sold 2,500 copies. He was forced to mortgage his home to develop a second edition, and his life from then on was plagued with debt.

In 1840, the second edition was published in two volumes. On May 28, 1843, a few days after he had completed revising an appendix to the second edition, and with much of his efforts with the dictionary still unrecognized, Noah Webster died.

Impact

Lepore (2008) demonstrates Webster's paradoxical ideas about language and politics and shows why Webster's endeavors were at first so poorly received. Culturally conservative Federalists denounced the work as radical—too inclusive in its lexicon and even bordering on vulgar. Meanwhile Webster's old foes the Republicans attacked the man, labeling him mad for such an undertaking.⁴¹

Title page of Webster's Dictionary of the English Language, circa 1830-1840

Scholars have long seen Webster's 1844 dictionary to be an important resource for reading poet Emily Dickinson's life and work; she once commented that the "Lexicon" was her "only companion" for years. One biographer said, "The dictionary was no mere reference book to her; she read it as a priest his breviary - over and over, page by page, with utter absorption".⁴²

Austin (2005) explores the intersection of lexicographical and poetic practices in American literature, and attempts to map out a "lexical poetics" using Webster's dictionaries. He shows the ways in which American poetry has inherited Webster and drawn upon his lexicography in order to reinvent it. Austin explicates key definitions from both the Compendious (1806) and American (1828) dictionaries and brings into its discourse a range of concerns including the politics of American English, the question of national identity and culture in the early moments of American independence, and the poetics of citation and of definition.

Webster's dictionaries were a redefinition of Americanism within the context of an emergent and unstable American socio-political and cultural identity. Webster's identification of his project as a "federal language" shows his competing impulses towards regularity and innovation in historical terms. Perhaps the contradictions of Webster's project comprised part of a larger dialectical play between liberty and order within Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary political debates.⁴³

Webster's dictionaries dominated the English speaking world. In 1850, for example, Blackie and Son in Glasgow published the first general dictionary of English that relied heavily upon pictorial illustrations integrated with the text. Its The Imperial Dictionary, English, Technological, and Scientific, Adapted to the Present State of Literature, Science, and Art; On the Basis of Webster's English Dictionary used Webster's for most of their text, adding some additional technical words that went with illustrations of machinery.⁴⁴

Religious Views

Webster in early life was something of a freethinker, but in 1808 he became a convert to Calvinistic orthodoxy, and thereafter became a devout Congregationalist who preached the need to Christianize the nation.⁴⁵ Webster grew increasingly authoritarian and elitist, fighting against the prevailing grain of Jacksonian Democracy. Webster viewed language as a tool to control unruly thoughts. His American Dictionary emphasized the virtues of social control over human passions and individualism, submission to authority, and fear of God; they were necessary for the maintenance of the American social order. As he grew older, Webster's attitudes changed from those of an optimistic revolutionary in the 1780s to those of a pessimistic critic of man and society by the 1820s.⁴⁶

Letter from Webster to daughter Eliza, 1837, warning of perils of the abolitionist movement

His 1828 American Dictionary contained the greatest number of Biblical definitions given in any reference volume. Webster considered education "useless without the Bible". Webster released his own edition of the Bible in 1833, called the Common Version. He used the King James Version (KJV) as a base and consulted the Hebrew and Greek along with various other versions and commentaries. Webster molded the KJV to correct grammar, replaced words that were no longer used, and did away with words and phrases that could be seen as offensive.

In 1834, he published an apologetic book in defense of The Bible and Christianity itself.

Opposition to slavery

Webster helped found the Connecticut Society for the Abolition of Slavery in 1791,⁴⁷ but by the 1830s rejected the new tone among abolitionists that emphasized Americans who tolerated slavery were themselves sinners. In 1837, Webster warned his daughter Eliza about her fervent support of the abolitionist cause. Webster wrote, "slavery is a great sin and a general calamity - but it is not our sin, though it may prove to be a terrible calamity to us in the north. But we cannot legally interfere with the South on this subject".⁴⁸ He added, "To come north to preach and thus disturb our peace, when we can legally do nothing to effect this object, is, in my view, highly criminal and the preachers of abolitionism deserve the penitentiary".⁴⁸

Family

Rebecca Greenleaf Webster, wife of Noah Webster

Noah Webster married Rebecca Greenleaf (1766-1847) on October 26, 1789, New Haven, Connecticut. They had eight children:
Emily Schotten (1790-1861), who married William W. Ellsworth, named by Webster as an executor of his will.⁴⁹ Emily, their daughter, married Rev. Abner Jackson, who became president of both Hartford's Trinity College and Hobart College in New York State.⁵⁰

Frances Julianna (1793-1869)

Harriet (1797-1844)

Mary (1799-1819)

William Greenleaf (1801-1869)

Eliza (1803-1888)

Henry (1806-1807)

Louisa (b. 1808)

He moved to Amherst, Massachusetts in 1812, where he helped to found Amherst College. In 1822 the family moved back to New Haven, where Webster was awarded an honorary degree from Yale the following year. He is buried in New Haven's Grove Street Cemetery.

A Man of Varied Predictabilitya

As successful as Noah Webster was, he had notable weaknesses. He was arrogant. When he went to Philadelphia for the first time Dr. Benjamin Rush met him and said, "I congratulate you on your arrival at Philadelphia," to which Webster replied, "Sir, you may congratulate Philadelphia on the occasion."

He was against the Bill of Rights, as were many people. He felt that freedom of the press would be abused. He argued that women should be educated enough to raise children, but no further. They should never go above their station and should never read novels. He felt that female education should be in support of the husband, the family and caring for the house.

In the early nineteenth century, he stated that no one should vote until he turned 45 and that no one should hold office until the age of 50. He was 50 at the time. He supported the church tax in Connecticut, while most opposed it. He also supported the Anti-War of 1812 Hartford Convention. He translated the Bible because he thought it was dirty and felt that "a woman couldn't read it without blushing."

While he was often thought of as "stiff" and a "curmudgeon", he also had a fun-loving side. In his younger years he would socialize and "paint the town Red" with his friend, Benjamin Franklin. He was known to love music and dancing and was a very committed family man.

Notes

a. https://www.noahwebsterhouse.org/discover/noah-webster-biography.htm (Used by Permission)

1. Joseph Ellis, After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture (1979) p 175

2. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/29/books/review/book-review-the-forgotten-founding-father-noah-websters-obsession-and-the-creation-of-an-american-culture-by-joshua-kendall.html?pagewanted=all

3. Noah had two brothers, Abraham (1751-1831) and Charles (b. 1762), and two sisters, Mercy (1749-1820) and Jerusha (1756-1831).

4. Kendall, Joshua, The Forgotten Founding Father, p. 22.

5. Kendall, p. 22.

6. Kendall, pp. 21-23.

7. Kendall, pp. 22-24.

8. Kendall, p. 24.

9. Kendall, pp. 29-30.

10. Richard Rollins, The Long Journey of Noah Webster (1980) p. 19.

11. Kendall, p. 54.

12. Kendall, p. 56.

13. Kendall, pp. 58-59.

14. Kendall, p. 59-64

15. Kendall, p. 65.

16. Kendall, pp. 65-66.

17. Kendall, pp. 69-71.

18. Kendall, pp. 71-74.

19. Rollins (1980) p 24

20. Ellis 170

21. Kendall, Joshua, The Forgotten Founding Father, pp. 147-49

22. Rollins, (1980) ch 2

23. Ellis 199, 206.

24. Ellis p. 201.

25. "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter W". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 7, 2014.

26. "An Exhibit Commemorating the 250th Anniversary of Noah Webster's Birth, October 16, 1758". Amherst College. Retrieved July 18, 2008.

27. "Copyright Act (1831), Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900), eds L. Bently & M. Kretschmer". Copyrighthistory.org. Retrieved December 9, 2011.

28. See Brian Pelanda, ("Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787") 58 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A. 431, 437-442 (2011) online.

29. Citing this article, "at first he kept the u in words like colour or favour" so this quote should have a 'U' in clamour

30. See Brian Pelanda, Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787 58 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A. 431, 431-454 (2011).

31. Ellis 174.

32. Algeo, John. "The Effects of the Revolution on Language", in A Companion to the American Revolution. John Wiley & Sons, 2008. p.599

33. Scudder 1881, pp, 245-252.

34. Warfel, Harry Redcay (1966). Noah Webster, schoolmaster to America. New York: Octagon. p. 86.

35. Ellis, After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture (1979) p 175

36. Ellis 175.

37. Westerhoff, John H. III (1978). McGuffey and His Readers: Piety, Morality, and Education in Nineteenth-Century America. Nashville: Abingdon. ISBN 0-687-23850-1.

38. Bynack, Vincent P. (1984). "Noah Webster and the Idea of a National Culture: the Pathologies of Epistemology". Journal of the History of Ideas 45 (1): 99-114. doi:10.2307/2709333.

39. Pearson, Ellen Holmes. "The Standardization of American English," Teachinghistory.org, accessed March 21, 2012

40. Wright, Russell O. (2006). Chronology of education in the United States. McFarland. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-7864-2502-0. Retrieved April 13, 2012.

41. Lepore, Jill (2008). "Introduction". In Schulman, Arthur. Websterisms: A Collection of Words and Definitions Set Forth by the Founding Father of American English. Free Press.

42. Deppman, Jed (2002). "'I Could Not Have Defined the Change': Rereading Dickinson's Definition Poetry". Emily Dickinson Journal 11 (1): 49-80. doi:10.1353/edj.2002.0005. Martha Dickinson Bianchi, The life and letters of Emily Dickinson (1924) p 80 for quote

43. Austin, Nathan W. (2005). "Lost in the Maze of Words: Reading and Re-reading Noah Webster's Dictionaries". Dissertation Abstracts International 65 (12): 4561.

44. Hancher, Michael (1998). "Gazing at the Imperial Dictionary". Book History 1: 156-181. doi:10.1353/bh.1998.0006.

45. Snyder (1990).

46. Rollins (1980).

47. Noah Webster and the First American Dictionary, Luisanna Fodde Melis, Rosen Publishing Group, New York, 2005. Books.google.com. Retrieved December 9, 2011.

48. Florea, Silvia. Americana Vol. VI, No 2, Fall 2010 "Lessons from the Heart and Hearth of Colonial Philadelphia: Reflections on Education, As Reflected in Colonial Era Correspondence to Wives" ¹

49. Noah Webster and the American Dictionary, David Micklethwait, McFarland, 2005. Books.google.com. Retrieved December 9, 2011.

50. Genealogy of the Greenleaf family - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved December 9, 2011.

References

"Noah Webster" in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907-21). vol 18 section 25:33 online edition

Bynack, Vincent P. "Noah Webster and the Idea of a National Culture: the Pathologies of Epistemology." Journal of the History of Ideas 1984 45(1): 99-114. Issn: 0022-5037 in Jstor

Ellis, Joseph J. After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture 1979. chapter 6, interpretive essay online edition

Gallardo, Andres. "The Standardization of American English." PhD dissertation State U. of New York, Buffalo 1980. 367 pp. DAI 1981 41(8): 3557-A. 8104193, focused on Webster's dictionary

Hayakawa, Isamu. A Comprehensive Catalog of Webster's Dictionaries from 1808 to 2000 (2014) Amazon (Tokyo: Texnai).

Kendall, Joshua. The Forgotten Founding Father: Noah Webster's Obsession and the Creation of an American Culture (2011)

Leavitt, Robert Keith. Noah's Ark New England Yankees and the Endless Quest: a Short History of the Original Webster Dictionaries, With Particular Reference to Their First Hundred Years (1947). 106pp

Lepore, Jill. "Noah's Mark: Webster and the original dictionary wars." The New Yorker, (November 6, 2006). 78-87. online edition

Malone, Kemp. "Webster, Noah," Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 10 (1936)

Micklethwait, David. Noah Webster and the American Dictionary (2005)

Morgan, John S. Noah Webster (1975), popular biography

Moss, Richard J. Noah Webster. (1984). 131 pp. Wester as author

Nelson, C. Louise. "Neglect of Economic Education in Webster's 'Blue-Backed Speller'" American Economist, Vol. 39, 1995 online edition

Pelanda, Brian. Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A., Vol. 58, p. 431, 2011.

Proudfit, Isabel. Noah Webster Father of the Dictionary (1966).

Rollins, Richard. The Long Journey of Noah Webster (1980) (ISBN 0-8122-7778-3)

Rollins, Richard M. "Words as Social Control: Noah Webster and the Creation of the American Dictionary." American Quarterly 1976 28(4): 415-430. Issn: 0003-0678 in Jstor

Scudder, Horace E. (1881). Noah Webster. Cambridge, Mass.: The Riverside Press. (from the series American Men of Letters. New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company)

Snyder, K. Alan. Defining Noah Webster: Mind and Morals in the Early Republic. (1990). 421 pp.

Southard, Bruce. "Noah Webster: America's Forgotten Linguist." American Speech 1979 54(1): 12-22. Issn: 0003-1283 in Jstor

Unger, Harlow Giles. Noah Webster: The Life and Times of an American Patriot (1998), scholarly biography

Warfel, Harry R. Noah Webster: Schoolmaster to America (1936), a standard biography

Primary Sources

Harry R. Warfel, ed., Letters of Noah Webster (1953),

Homer D. Babbidge, Jr., ed., Noah Webster: On Being American (1967), selections from his writings

Webster, Noah. The American Spelling Book: Containing the Rudiments of the English Language for the Use of Schools in the United States by Noah Webster 1836 edition online, the famous Blue- Backed Speller

Webster, Noah. An American dictionary of the English language 1848 edition online

Webster, Noah. A grammatical institute of the English language 1800 edition online

Webster, Noah. Miscellaneous papers on political and commercial subjects 1802 edition online mostly about banks

Webster, Noah. A collection of essays and fugitiv writings: on moral, historical, political and literary subjects 1790 edition online 414 pages

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